bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sound-mediated nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils
Authors: Kozell Anna , Solomonov Aleksei , Gaidarov Roman , Benyamin Doron , Rosenhek-Goldian Irit , Greenblatt Harry Mark , Levy Yaakov , Amir Ariel , Raviv Uri , Shimanovich Ulyana
Published: August 2024

Mechanical energy, specifically in the form of ultrasound, can induce pressure variations and temperature fluctuations when applied to an aqueous media. These conditions can both positively and negatively affect protein complexes, consequently altering their stability, folding patterns, and self-assembling behavior. Despite much scientific progress, our current understanding of the effects of ultrasound on the self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins remains limited. In the present study, we demonstrate that when the amplitude of the delivered ultrasonic energy is sufficiently low, it can induce refolding of specific motifs in protein monomers, which is sufficient for primary nucleation; this has been revealed by MD. These ultrasound-induced structural changes are initiated by pressure perturbations and are accelerated by a temperature factor. Furthermore, the prolonged action of low-amplitude ultrasound enables the elongation of amyloid protein nanofibrils directly from natively folded monomeric lysozyme protein, in a controlled manner, until it reaches a critical length. Using solution X-ray scattering, we determined that nanofibrillar assemblies, formed either under the action of sound or from natively fibrillated lysozyme, share identical structural characteristics. Thus, these results provide insights into the effects of ultrasound on fibrillar protein self-assembly and lay the foundation for the potential use of sound energy in protein chemistry.
The neocortical infrastructure for language involves region-specific patterns of laminar gene expression
Authors: Wong Maggie M. K. , Sha Zhiqiang , Lütje Lukas , Kong Xiang-Zhen , van Heukelum Sabrina , van de Berg Wilma D. J. , Jonkman Laura E. , Fisher Simon E. , Francks Clyde
Published: August 2024

The language network of the human brain has core components in the inferior frontal cortex and superior/middle temporal cortex, with left-hemisphere dominance in most people. Functional specialization and interconnectivity of these neocortical regions is likely to be reflected in their molecular and cellular profiles. Excitatory connections between cortical regions arise and innervate according to layer-specific patterns. Here, we generated a gene expression dataset from human postmortem cortical tissue samples from core language network regions, using spatial transcriptomics to discriminate gene expression across cortical layers. Integration of these data with existing single-cell expression data identified 56 genes that showed differences in laminar expression profiles between the frontal and temporal language cortex together with upregulation in layer II/III and/or layer V/VI excitatory neurons. Based on data from large-scale genome-wide screening in the population, DNA variants within these 56 genes showed set-level associations with interindividual variation in structural connectivity between the left-hemisphere frontal and temporal language cortex, and with the brain-related disorders dyslexia and schizophrenia which often involve affected language. These findings identify region-specific patterns of laminar gene expression as a feature of the brain’s language network.
Single-nuclei sequencing of uterine serous carcinoma reveals racial differences in immune signaling
Authors: Foley K. Grace , Adli Mazhar , Kim J. Julie
Published: August 2024

Significant racial disparities exist between Black and White patients with uterine serous carcinoma (USC). While the reasons for these disparities are unclear, several studies have demonstrated significantly different rates of driver mutations between racial groups, including TP53. However, limited research has investigated the transcriptional differences of tumors or the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) between these groups. Here, we report the single-nuclei RNA-sequencing profiles of primary USC tumors from diverse racial backgrounds. We find that there are significant differences between the tumors of Black and White patients. Tumors from Black patients exhibited higher expression of specific genes associated with aggressiveness, such as PAX8, and axon guidance and synaptic signaling pathways. We also demonstrated that T cell populations are reduced in the tumor tissue compared to matched benign, while anti-inflammatory macrophage populations are retained within the TME. Furthermore, we investigated the connection between PAX8 overexpression and immunosuppression in USC through regulation of several cytokines and chemokines. Notably, we show that PAX8 activity can influence macrophage gene expression and protein secretion. These studies provide a detailed understanding of the USC transcriptome and TME, and identify differences in tumor biology from patients of different racial backgrounds.
Sexual assault victims face a penalty for adjacent consent
Authors: Jordan Jillian J. , Sommers Roseanna
Published: August 2024

Across 11 experimental studies (n= 12,257), we show that female victims of sexual assault are blamed more and seen as less morally virtuous if their assault follows voluntary sexual intimacy, a factor we term “adjacent consent”. Moreover, we illuminate a psychological mechanism contributing to this penalty: When a woman who provided no consent whatsoever is assaulted, people tend to see her as more moral than if she were not victimized (the “Virtuous Victim Effect”)—yet people do not extend the same moral elevation to victims who consented to sex-adjacent activity before they were assaulted. Adjacent consent plays a unique role in undermining the moral elevation of rape victims; respondents continue to elevate victims when, in the absence of adjacent consent, we introduce other information that makes the perpetrator seem less abhorrent or that makes the victim seem promiscuous, reckless, or sexually interested in her perpetrator. Furthermore, adjacent consent disqualifies rape victims from moral elevation in the eyes of a wide swath of respondents—including political liberals and undergraduates who, when no assault occurs, have no moral objection to (or even applaud) the victim’s voluntary sexual intimacy. Our results thus illuminate how sexual assault victims may be penalized for adjacent consent by even progressive or “sex-positive” communities. Finally, we identify a potential real-world consequence of adjacent consent: using field data from over 180,000 students across 33 U.S. universities, we find evidence that victims are less likely to report their sexual assaults in cases involving adjacent consent.
An artificially evolved gene for herbicide-resistant rice breeding
Authors: Dong Jin , Yu Xin-He , Dong Jiangqing , Wang Gao-Hua , Wang Xin-Long , Wang Da-Wei , Yan Yao-Chao , Xiao Han , Ye Bao-Qin , Lin Hong-Yan , Yang Guang-Fu
Published: August 2024

Discovering and engineering herbicide-resistant genes is a crucial challenge in crop breeding. This study focuses on the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Inhibitor Sensitive 1-Like (HSL) protein, prevalent in higher plants and exhibiting weak catalytic activity against many β-triketone herbicides (β-THs). The crystal structures of maize HSL1A complexed with β-THs were elucidated, identifying four essential herbicide-binding residues and explaining the weak activity of HSL1A against the herbicides. Utilizing an artificial evolution approach, we developed a series of rice HSL1 mutants targeting the four residues. Then, these mutants were systematically evaluated, identifying the M10 variant as the most effective in modifying β-THs. The initial active conformation of substrate binding in HSL1 was also revealed from these mutants. Furthermore, overexpression of M10 in rice significantly enhanced resistance to β-THs, resulting in a notable 32-fold increase in resistance to methyl-benquitrione. In conclusion, the artificially evolved M10 gene shows great potential for the development of herbicide-resistant crops.
How obliquity has differently shaped Pluto’s and Triton’s landscapes and climates
Authors: Bertrand Tanguy , Forget François , Lellouch Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Triton and Pluto are believed to share a common origin, both forming initially in the Kuiper Belt but Triton being later captured by Neptune. Both objects display similar sizes, densities, and atmospheric and surface ice composition, with the presence of volatile ices N2, CH4, and CO. Yet their appearance, including their surface albedo and ice distribution strongly differ. What can explain these different appearances? A first disparity is that Triton is experiencing significant tidal heating due to its orbit around Neptune, with subsequent resurfacing and a relatively flat surface, while Pluto is not tidally activated and displays a pronounced topography. Here we present long-term volatile transport simulations of Pluto and Triton, using the same initial conditions and volatile inventory, but with the known orbit and rotation of each object. The model reproduces, to first order, the observed volatile ice surface distribution on Pluto and Triton. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that obliquity is the main driver of the differences in surface appearance and in climate properties on Pluto and Triton, and give further support to the hypothesis that both objects had a common origin followed by a different dynamical history.
Capturing oral forms of linguistic landscape in the public teaching space
Authors: Renfeng Jiang , Binghao Wang , Xue Fang
Published: August 2024

In sociolinguistics, the concept of linguistic soundscaping is developed to document the formation of social
spaces over time as influenced by linguistic actions. Using a multimodal perspective, this enquiry looks into the dynamic and
interactive nature of the typical linguistic soundscape, situating the issue in a public teaching-and-learning space at a
university in China. The study adopts a method of linguistic sound walks, to capture real-time sensory encounters with the
linguistic soundscape and to understand how these auditory elements influence students’ perceptions of their environment.

The study focuses on two main perspectives: the objective characterisation of the linguistic soundscape within
university public spaces, and the subjective perceptions of students experiencing these soundscapes. The first perspective
involves systematically documenting and categorising the types of sound present, providing a comprehensive overview of the
auditory environment. The second perspective explores how students interpret and react to these soundscapes, revealing insights
into their sensory experiences and evaluations of their learning environment. These perspectives are combined to demonstrate the
importance of the auditory dimension in shaping educational experiences and social interactions within university settings.

The findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the linguistic soundscape, emphasising its role in
fostering a sense of community and influencing students’ emotional and cognitive responses to their surroundings. This study
contributes original insights into the multimodal nature of linguistic landscapes and underscores the value of auditory elements
in understanding social spaces in educational contexts.
How do constructions with modal verbs develop in second language learners of English?
Authors: Römer-Barron Ute
Published: August 2024

The study reported on in this paper uses data from a large, pseudolongitudinal corpus of second language (L2) learner writing to investigate how L2 knowledge of verb-argument constructions (VACs) develops from low-beginner to upper-intermediate proficiency levels. The focus is on learners from two L1 backgrounds (L1 German and L1 Spanish) and on a subset of VACs that contain modal auxiliaries in combination with lexical verbs (e.g., subject-modal-verb, as in I can cook). For each VAC, L1, and proficiency level, frequency lists of verbs were created and compared across datasets. Reference data on the same constructions was extracted from a corpus of L1 writing. Results suggest that modal VACs become more frequent, less predictable, more productive, and more aligned with L1 production as learner proficiency increases. The findings of this study help to expand our understanding of the processes that underlie L2 construction acquisition.
Linguistic approaches to language acquisition
Authors: Meisel Jürgen M.
Published: August 2024

Acquisition research is an integral part of contemporary linguistic theorizing. 50 years ago, this
was not the case. Change came about following a theoretical reorientation that established linguistics as a cognitive
science, defining mental grammars as the prime object of study. Here I review an early proposal for developmental
psycholinguistics and show how it shaped subsequent research, inspired by grammatical and acquisition theory.
Summarizing analyses of German verb placement by L1 and L2 learners, I argue that this research of the 1970–80s
achieved important insights into properties of learner grammars, discovered acquisition orders and established
similarities as well as differences between L1 and L2 acquisition.
Gender assignment in German as a heritage language in an English-speaking context
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Dressler Roswita
Published: August 2024

We present a case study of a heritage speaker of German, Luisa, who is growing up in an
English-speaking part of Canada, focussing on the acquisition of grammatical gender in German. While German has cues
to gender assignment, the acquisition of gender in this setting is compromised by the magnitude of gender cues and
form syncretism, and the absence of gender in English. We present longitudinal, naturalistic data from three periods:
age 1–2, age 4–5, and age 7. We ask whether Luisa develops grammatical gender akin to monolingual children or whether
there are indications of delay, stagnation, or attrition, as observed for heritage speakers of other languages. The
results show monolingual-like development despite a shift in dominance from German to English.
Isolated and combined effects of models and corrective feedback in the acquisition of the Turkish locative
morpheme
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Lee Senyung , Köylü Yılmaz
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the relative effects of models, corrective feedback, and a mixed treatment
including both models and corrective feedback in the development of the Turkish locative morpheme. Native speakers of
English were assigned to one of four conditions: models, corrective feedback, mixed, or control. Participants
performed one input-based and one output-based task with a native Turkish speaker and received treatment according to
their group assignments. Learners’ performance was measured through a multiple-choice task and an oral picture
description test once immediately after the treatment and once two weeks after the treatment. Results showed that the
mixed treatment in which learners received models first and then corrective feedback was the most effective
treatment.
First exposure to Russian word forms by adult English speakers
Authors: Pavlovskaya Natalia , Riches Nick , Young-Scholten Martha
Published: August 2024

How language learners segment (recognise and store words) in the speech stream has
typically been explored with children (Jusczyk 1997). Researchers have only
recently begun to examine how adults segment an unfamiliar natural language after first exposure without instruction
(Gullberg et al. 2010; Gullberg
et al. 2012; Carroll 2012, 2013, 2014; Shoemaker &
Rast 2013). We report on a study of how 28 English-speaking adults begin to segment words after hearing
them in fluent Russian during four sessions. The results showed that segmentation improved significantly over time.
Segmentation patterns reflected the influence of English phonotactics and sensitivity to weak-strong stress. We
conclude that beyond native language bias, adults deploy the segmentation mechanisms similar to those children
use.
Speech modifications and the Processability Theory hierarchy
Authors: Håkansson Gisela
Published: August 2024

This study explores to what extent there is a difference in input in L1 and L2 Swedish regarding
word order. Swedish is a V2 language with only one constituent preceding the tensed verb. This phenomenon is acquired
in different ways by L1 and L2 learners. L1 learners produce V2 without errors around the age of two years whereas L2
learners experience long-lasting problems with the postverbal placement of the subject. The reason for this difference
is not fully understood. This study set out to investigate the characteristics of the ambient language in the two
acquisition conditions. The results reveal a lot of variation but also differences in the input which suggest that
‘input simplification’ is not always helpful.
Varieties of DP recursion
Authors: Pérez-Leroux Ana T. , Roberge Yves , Massam Diane , Bejar Susana , Castilla-Earls Anny
Published: August 2024

Our objective is to shed light on recursion through an exploration of the L1 development of four
DP structures in English. Since recursion is in narrow syntax, there is no reason to expect asymmetries between
constructions but specific formal differences between structures might make acquisition of certain forms more
difficult, and there may be differences according to meaning classes. We report a study targeting possessives,
comitatives, locatives, and part-whole expressions, each with 2-level embedding. The results reveal statistically
significant effects of age and condition, with no interaction. Possessives and comitatives develop earlier than
locatives and relatives, and are also more productive for adults. These results help us to delineate the domain of
recursion and formulate a credible developmental scenario.
The pathogenic role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in cancer and metabolic syndromes
Authors: Esposito Mark , Amory John K. , Kang Yibin
Published: August 2024

The retinoid nuclear receptor pathway, activated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, has been extensively investigated for over a century. This study has resulted in conflicting hypotheses about how the pathway regulates health and how it should be pharmaceutically manipulated. These disagreements arise from a fundamental contradiction: retinoid agonists offer clear benefits to select patients with rare bone growth disorders, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and some dermatologic diseases, yet therapeutic retinoid pathway activation frequently causes more harm than good, both through acute metabolic dysregulation and a delayed cancer-promoting effect. In this review, we discuss controlled clinical, mechanistic, and genetic data to suggest several disease settings where inhibition of the retinoid pathway may be a compelling therapeutic strategy, such as solid cancers or metabolic syndromes, and also caution against continued testing of retinoid agonists in cancer patients. Considerable evidence suggests a central role for retinoid regulation of immunity and metabolism, with therapeutic opportunities to antagonize retinoid signaling proposed in cancer, diabetes, and obesity.
Drude’s lesser known error of a factor of two and Lorentz’s correction
Authors: Singh Navinder
Published: August 2024

As is well known, Paul Drude put forward the very first quantitative theory of electrical conduction in metals in 1900. He could successfully account for the Wiedemann–Franz law which states that the ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity divided by temperature is a constant called the Lorenz number. As it turns out, in Drude’s derivation there is a lucky cancellation of two errors. Drude’s underestimatation (by an order of 100) of the value of square of the average electron velocity compensated for his overestimatation of the electronic heat capacity (by the same order of 100). This compensation or cancellation of two errors lead to a value of the Lorenz number very close to its experimental value; which is well known. There is another error of a factor of two which Drude made when he calculated two different relaxation times for heat conductivity and electrical conductivity; in this article we highlight how and why this error occurred in Drude’s derivation and how it was removed 5 years later (in 1905) by Hendrik Lorentz when he used the Boltzmann equation and a single relaxation time. This article is of pedagogical value and may be useful to undergraduate/graduate students learning solid state physics.
The Casimir-like effect induced by active nematics
Authors: Pour Haddadan Fahimeh Karimi
Published: August 2024

We consider an active nematic phase and use hydrodynamical equations of it to model the activity as an internal field. The interaction of this field with the nematic director in a confined geometry is included in the Hamiltonian of the system. Based on this model Hamiltonian and the standard field theoretical approach, the Casimir-like force induced between the boundaries of such a confined film is discussed. The force depends on the geometrical shape and the dynamical character of the constituents of our active phase, as well as the anchoring conditions. For homeotropically aligned rod-like particles which in principle tend to align along a planar flow field, extensile activity enhances the attraction present in a thin nematic film. As the film thickness increases the force reduces. Beyond a critical thickness, a planar flow field instantaneous to a bend distortion sets in. Near but below the threshold of this activity-induced instability, the force crosses zero and repulsively diverges right at the critical threshold of this so-called flow instability. For contractile rods, in the same geometry as above, the structure is stable and the Casimir-like force diminishes by an exponential factor as a function of the film thickness. On the other side for a planar director alignment, rod-like contractile particles can induce opposite shear flows at the boundaries creating a splay distortion for the director between the plates. In this configuration, we obtain the same universal pretransitional behavior for the force as above. Vice versa, for extensile rod-like particles in this geometry, the director fluctuations become massive and the Casimir-like force diminishes again by an exponential factor as the film thickness increases. The effect of the active field on thermal fluctuations of the director and the fluctuation-induced Casimir force per area is derived through a ”semi”-dynamical approach as well. However, the results of the calculation due to a mathematical sum over the fluctuating modes do not lead to an approved closed form.
Fracture failure analysis of heavy-haul train couplers using convolutional neural network along with multilayer perceptron
Authors: Feng Qiang , Fei Jiyou , Bao Junhua , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Guofeng , Ma Jie , Zhao Xing , Yang Qi
Published: August 2024

Metal couplers are susceptible to unpredictable failure and fracture under long-term high-load conditions in heavy-haul railway transportation. The current mainstream manual inspection method has the disadvantages of high subjectivity and high a priori knowledge requirements, thus not meeting the rapid analysis requirements of production companies. Therefore, in this study, an automated failure analysis method is proposed for heavy-haul coupler fractures. First, a novel image segmentation method (PermuteNet) combining a visual multilayer perceptron and a convolutional neural network is designed to segment different failure patterns of fracture surfaces. The proposed method uses two newly proposed modules—permute attention module and context attention module—to improve the network’s ability to perceive weakly differentiated objects, thereby improving the recognition ability of the model for different failure patterns. In addition, a deep supervisory function is adopted to accelerate the convergence speed of the network. Finally, the proposed image segmentation method is deployed on a computer in conjunction with a developed client application to implement a single-click detection function for coupler fracture pattern analysis. Experiments are performed using the heavy-haul coupler fracture dataset established using on-site data; the proposed segmentation method achieves a mean intersection over union of 77.8%, which is considerably higher than that of other existing methods. By using the client software, the single-click detection function of the fracture area is realized. Thus, the proposed method provides a more convenient and accurate fracture identification solution for factory inspectors and has broad application prospects.
Automatic lockbolt detection method for riveting quality evaluation based on specific geometric feature descriptors of 3D point cloud
Authors: Guo Ronghui , Cui Haihua , Jiang Tao , Deng Yan , Wan Qing , Cheng Xiaosheng
Published: August 2024

Lockbolt is increasingly utilized in different fields due to its good performance in riveting and locking. However, the digital measurement and evaluation methods for the riveting quality of lockbolts still need to be explored. In this paper, we proposed a point cloud-based automatic lockbolt detection method, estimating the riveting quality via the protruding height of the lockbolt pin. The method involves three main stages: density computation for 3D point cloud, identification of real lockbolt regions, and segmentation for the top surface of the lockbolt. Firstly, a noise-weakened density computation model is proposed to suppress the density value of noise points. Secondly, the idea of principal component analysis is adopted, and a set of specific geometric feature descriptors is built to identify the real lockbolts from the candidate regions. Lockbolts can be robustly represented even if noise and missing in the point cloud. Thirdly, an efficient section-by-section segmenting algorithm is proposed to segment the top surface of the pin protrusion of the riveted lockbolt. Finally, the riveting quality of each lockbolt is evaluated based on the height from the top surface of the pin protrusion to the bottom plane of the lockbolt. Experiments on real data verified the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the proposed method.
Investigation of noise characteristics of electric vibrator utilizing acoustic camera and transfer path analysis
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Chen Zhangwei
Published: August 2024

Mechanical equipment operation frequently results in noise generation, which can raise concerns regarding quality and safety. This study focuses on electric vibrators, essential electromechanical systems, with the goal of identifying the source and transfer path of noise. To achieve this objective, an acoustic camera positioning analysis was performed to approximate the distribution and characteristics of the noise. Building upon this foundation, a thorough evaluation of the transfer path and noise contribution was conducted. Subsequently, targeted noise suppression methods were implemented based on the properties of the noise. Primary noise sources were observed to be classified into wind turbulence and mechanical vibration based on operating conditions. Time-frequency analysis revealed the presence of low-frequency signals (around 50 Hz) and intermediate-frequency signals (around the resonant frequency), corresponding to wind-induced and mechanical response noise, respectively. Leveraging the characteristics of the noise and its transfer path, passive methods (Sound-absorbing rubber and Soundproof cotton) and active method (filtered-x least mean squares algorithm) were employed. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of noise mechanisms and provide insights for noise emission strategies.
A novel fault diagnosis method for bearing based on maximum average kurtosis morphological deconvolution
Authors: Lu Yixiang , Yao Zhiyi , Gao Qingwei , Zhu De , Zhao Dawei , Huang Darong
Published: August 2024

Maximum average kurtosis deconvolution (MAKD) effectively enhances periodic impulses in vibration signals. However, under conditions of random impulse interference, MAKD tends to amplify impulses within a single period. To address this problem, this paper proposes a maximum average kurtosis morphological deconvolution (MAKMD) method. First, on the basis of proposing a time-varying structural element more in line with the characteristics of vibration signals and constructing a new morphological gradient squared operator, an enhanced time-varying morphological filtering (ETVMF) is proposed. Then, ETVMF is introduced into MAKD to eliminate the effect of random impulse. Finally, the diagonal slice spectrum is utilized to detect the coupling frequency of the bearing, which makes the spectrum clearer and more convenient for bearing fault diagnosis. In MAKMD, the effect of random impulse is eliminated and the capability of fault feature extraction is enhanced. To demonstrate the method’s effectiveness and feasibility, experiments are conducted using simulated signals and measured bearing fault data, comparing results with existing deconvolution methods.
Local fusion generative adversarial network with dual-discriminator and parallel multipath and its application in machinery fault diagnosis with imbalanced data
Authors: Ju Miao , Ding Chuancang , Huang Weiguo , Zhu Zhongkui , Shen Changqing , Shi Juanjuan
Published: August 2024

Diagnosing faults in critical machinery components is imperative for effective condition monitoring and real-world datasets often suffer from data imbalance. To address this issue, numerous data generation methods have been developed, such as improved local fusion generative adversarial network (ILoFGAN), variational autoencoding GAN (VAEGAN), etc. However, the existing data generation methods primarily concentrate on global and single-scale features and often ignore local or multi-scale features, which leads to the omission of key features or nuances in the generated data. Therefore, a novel approach called the local fusion generative adversarial network with dual-discriminator and parallel multipath (LoFGAN-DP) is designed to enhance the fault diagnosis performance in the context of imbalanced data. The LoFGAN-DP features a parallel multi-path (PMP) module along with a dual-discriminator scheme, in which the multipath module facilitates feature extraction at various scales through convolution across paths of diverse sizes, and the dual-discriminator scheme can better improve the quality and diversity of the samples generated by the generator. The PMP module and dual-discriminator scheme enhance the proposed method’s robustness against variations in input data. After generating data by LoFGAN-DP, a two-dimensional capsule network is further used to achieve the efficient recognition of fault features. To validate the proposed LoFGAN-DP in the machinery fault diagnosis with imbalanced data, the gear dataset and the self-constructed bearing dataset were utilized. Experimental results show that LoFGAN-DP significantly improves structural similarity index, Fréchet inception distance, and fault classification accuracy compared to several advanced methods.
CNN-ELMNet: fault diagnosis of induction motor bearing based on cross-modal vector fusion
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Huang Yi , Zhan Jun , Wang Yahui , Sun Tao , Long Jiao , Liu Jiangyong , Chen Biao
Published: August 2024

As the primary driving equipment in industrial, accurate fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of induction motor is crucial for ensuring operational safety. This paper focuses on the bearing faults of induction motors, which have a substantial impact on both the mechanical and electromagnetic systems of the motors. However, in diagnostic tasks, we are faced with the challenges of multi-source, multi-modal data, significant influence from environmental noise, and minimal differentiation between fault data. This paper proposed a novel cross-modal vector fusion fault diagnosis and classification model (CNN-ELMNet), which includes a cross-modal vector fusion network (VF) based on D-S evidence theory, feature extraction layer (FE) and classification layer (CL). Specifically, the VF prioritizes the integration of diagnostic results from individual vibration signals or stator current signals within convolutional neural networks with the features of the input implicit vectors as decision-making evidence, followed by weighted vector fusion through D-S evidence theory at the decision level. The FE focuses on retaining the convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers of the convolutional network and freezing the final fully connected layer, thus preserving training parameters and fully utilizing the network’s powerful FE capabilities. The CL includes an Extreme Learning Machine optimized for random hyperparameters using the snow ablation optimizer (SAO) algorithm, which offers rapid convergence and high classification recognition rates. The CNN-ELMNet model combines a convolutional network with an extreme learning machine optimized by the SAO algorithm, which not only preserves the model’s FE capability but also enhances the convergence speed and classification recognition rate of the model. Experimental results on real datasets demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits strong stability, generalization, and high accuracy in fault diagnosis, achieving accuracy rate of 99.29% and 98.75%. This provides a more feasible solution for the bearing fault diagnosis of induction motors and holds promising prospects for practical applications.
Hybrid TiO2–RGO nanocomposite as high specific capacitance electrode for supercapacitor
Authors: Jadoon Jamil K , Pham Phuong V
Published: August 2024

This study describes the fabrication of composite electrodes comprising TiO2 and reduced graphene oxide layers using a moderate-temperature hydrothermal method. The morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and optical features of the prepared composites were analyzed by FE-SEM, x-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Nyquist plots were used to assess the electrochemical and impedance responses of the composite electrodes, respectively. The analysis revealed that the incorporation of RGO reduced the TiO2 bandgap to 3.87 eV 3.02 eV and improved the specific capacitance, enhancing the TiO2-RGO electrode’s supercapacitive performance. CV studies highlight that the TiO2-RGO composite has a high specific capacitance of 152 F g−1 at a substantially faster scan rate of 25 mV s−1 in a 1.0 M-KOH dilute electrolyte. These findings confirmed the applicability of the fabricated electrodes as prospective supercapacitor electrodes.
An inverse problem for the minimal surface equation in the presence of a riemannian metric
Authors: Nurminen Janne
Published: August 2024

In this work we study an inverse problem for the minimal surface equation on a Riemannian manifold

(

R

n

,
g
)

where the metric is of the form

g
(
x
)
=
c
(
x
)
(

g
^

⊕
e
)

. Here

g
^

is a simple Riemannian metric on

R

n
−
1

, e is the Euclidean metric on

R

and c a smooth positive function. We show that if the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps corresponding to metrics g and

c
~

g

agree, then the Taylor series of the conformal factor

c
~

at

x
n

=
0

is equal to a positive constant. We also show a partial data result when n = 3.
Radial dependence of ionization clustering around a gold nanoparticle irradiated by X-rays under charged particle equilibrium
Authors: Thomas Leo , Schwarze Miriam , Rabus Hans
Published: August 2024

Objective. This work explores the enhancement of ionization clustering and its radial dependence around a gold nanoparticle (NP), indicative of the induction of DNA lesions, a potential trigger for cell-death. Approach. Monte Carlo track structure simulations were performed to determine (a) the spectral fluence of incident photons and electrons in water around a gold NP under charged particle equilibrium conditions and (b) the density of ionization clusters produced on average as well as conditional on the occurrence of at least one interaction in the NP using Associated Volume Clustering. Absorbed dose was determined for comparison with a recent benchmark intercomparison. Reported quantities are normalized to primary fluence, allowing to establish a connection to macroscopic dosimetric quantities. Main results. The modification of the electron spectral fluence by the gold NP is minor and mainly occurs at low energies. The net fluence of electrons emitted from the NP is dominated by electrons resulting from photon interactions. Similar to the known dose enhancement, increased ionization clustering is limited to a distance from the NP surface of up to

200

nm

. The number of clusters per energy imparted is increased at distances of up to

150

nm

, and accordingly the enhancement in clustering notably surpasses that of dose enhancement. Smaller NPs cause noticeable peaks in the conditional frequency of clusters between

50

nm

–

100

nm

from the NP surface. Significance. This work shows that low energy electrons emitted by NPs lead to an increase of ionization clustering in their vicinity exceeding that of energy imparted. While the electron component of the radiation field plays an important role in determining the background contribution to ionization clustering and energy imparted, the dosimetric effects of NPs are governed by the interplay of secondary electron production by photon interaction and their ability to leave the NP.
Remote sensing of high energy charged particle current (HEC) for megavoltage therapeutic electron beams
Authors: Zygmanski Piotr , Rajapakse Arith , Brivio Davide
Published: August 2024

Objective. We demonstrate detection of high energy particle current (HEC) for MeV therapeutic electron beams. Detection of HEC comprises of remote sensing or acquiring information about HEC inside radiation transport medium from a distance outside of the medium. Approach. HEC is self-propelled motion of charged particles through a radiation transport medium. Remote sensing of HEC is embodied in an experimental setup, which includes homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms irradiated with 4–15 MeV electron beams and two large area parallel-plane electrodes extraneous to the phantoms providing two-parameter detection. We also introduce a new type of scanning method (depth-scan) for probing object properties along the beamline axis. Main Results. Deterministic radiation transport simulations and measurements agree, considering differences in simulation vs experimental geometry and experimental uncertainties. Significance. This method may be suitable for range detection of charged particle beams, or for probing of radiation opaque objects in non-destructive testing.
A novel low-resistance solder-free copper bonding joint using a warm pressure welding method for REBCO coated conductors
Authors: Zhou Yuwei , Huang Zhen
Published: August 2024

Constrained by the fabrication of second-generation high-temperature superconducting (2G HTS) tapes, connecting multiple pieces of tapes through joints is often necessary in large-scale applications. In the application of HTS magnets, joint technology is key for achieving closed-loop operation and reducing thermal loads. However, most soldered joints still cannot achieve the expected results. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a method for easily fabricating low-resistance joints. In this study, a low-resistance solder-free copper bonding joint for 2G HTS copper-plated tapes is proposed. The formation mechanism of the joint is presented, and the effects of the bonding temperature and pressure on the electrical and mechanical properties of the copper bonding joint are investigated. The results show that the copper bonding joint can be manufactured by pretreating the tape for 5 min and bonding it in the air for 3 min at 333 MPa at temperatures higher than (or equal to) 150 °C or at pressures greater than (or equal to) 250 MPa and 180 °C. The characteristic resistance of this joint is approximately 16.8 nΩ cm2, which is approximately one-third lower than that of soldered joints, and it has mechanical properties similar to those of soldered joints under axial tension. We believe that the application of this type of copper bonding joint can significantly aid in the design and manufacturing of large HTS magnets.
Comprehensive analysis of structural, mechanical, optoelectronic, and thermodynamic properties of Ba2XBiO6 (X = Y, La) double perovskites using density functional theory
Authors: Rahman Nasir , Husain Mudasser , Ullah Wasi , Azzouz-Rached Ahmed , Albalawi Hind , Bayhan Zahra , A Alsalhi Sarah
Published: August 2024

The structural, mechanical, optoelectronic, and thermodynamic properties of Ba2XBiO6 (X = Y, La) double perovskites are critically analyzed using density functional theory. The Birch-Murnaghan equation of state confirms their structural stability, supported by tolerance factor analysis. For Ba2YBiO6 and Ba2LaBiO6, negative formation energies are −0.935 eV for Ba2YBiO6 and −0.836 eV for Ba2LaBiO6, confirming thermodynamic stability. Phonon dispersion curves indicate stable lattice vibrations, reducing the likelihood of spontaneous structural changes or phase transitions. Ba2YBiO6 possesses higher elastic constants C
11 = 222 GPa shows stiffness and exhibits brittle mechanical behavior, whereas the Pugh ratio and C
11 = 217 GPa for Ba2LaBiO6 shows ductility. The Poisson ratio classifies Ba2YBiO6 as a non-central force crystal and Ba2LaBiO6 as a central force crystal. Both materials are indirect band gap semiconductors, with band gap values of 0.75 eV for Ba2YBiO6 and 2.05 eV for Ba2LaBiO6. Optical properties suggest applications in UV and visible light-based optoelectronic devices. Thermodynamic properties, such as Debye temperature and heat capacity, support the idea that these materials are suitable for high mechanical applications. These findings provide insights for designing high-performance optoelectronic and mechanical devices.
Nano-eco catalysis: carbendazim degradation by engineered BiVO4 nanoparticles
Authors: Zeshan Muhammad , Bahader Ali , Muhammad Taj , Sandhu Zeshan Ali , Asam Raza Muhammad , Khan Noor Mohammad , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G
Published: August 2024

This study utilized the solvothermal approach for the effective synthesis of BiVO4 nanoparticles. Morphological examination of BiVO4 was conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the elemental composition was determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The crystallinity and functional groups were assessed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively.The synthesized material’s efficacy in UV-induced breakdown of carbendazim was investigated. The study explored various factors affecting the photodegradation process, including radiation duration, initial concentration of carbendazim, catalyst dosage, and catalyst regeneration. Interesingly, 97% degradation of carbendazim was observed at optimized conditions. These results emphasise the potential of BiVO4 nanoparticles as catalysts for environmental remediation applications, especially in the degradation of harmful contaminants.
Investigation of thermal properties of Hulthén potential from statistical and superstatistical perspectives with various distributions
Authors: Khorram manesh Amir Hossein , Sadeghi J , Noori Gashti Saeed
Published: August 2024

The Hulthén potential is a short-range potential widely used in various fields of physics. In this paper, we investigate the distribution functions for the Hulthén potential by using statistical and superstatistical methods. We first review the ordinary statistics and superstatistics methods. We then consider distribution functions, such as uniform, 2-level, gamma, and log-normal and F distributions. Finally, we investigate the behavior of the Hulthén potential for statistical and superstatistical methods and compare the results with each other. We use the Tsallis statistics of the superstatistical system. We conclude that the Tsallis behavior of different distribution functions for the Hulthén potential exhibits better results than the statistical method. We examined the thermal properties of the Hulthén potential for five different distributions: Uniform, 2-level, Gamma, Log-normal, and F. We plotted the Helmholtz free energy and the entropy as functions of temperature for various values of q. It shows that the two uniform and 2-level distributions have the same results due to the universal relationship and that the F distribution does not become ordinary statistics at q = 1. It also reveals that the curves of the Helmholtz free energy and the entropy change their order and behavior as q increases and that some distributions disappear or coincide at certain values of q. One can discuss the physical implications of our results and their applications in nuclear and atomic physics in the future.
The renormalization group for large-scale structure: primordial non-Gaussianities
Authors: Nikolis Charalampos , Rubira Henrique , Schmidt Fabian
Published: August 2024

The renormalization group for large-scale structure (RG-LSS) describes the evolution of galaxy bias and stochastic parameters as a function of the cutoff Λ. In this work, we introduce interaction vertices that describe primordial non-Gaussianity into the Wilson-Polchinski framework, thereby extending the free theory to the interacting case. The presence of these interactions forces us to include new operators and bias coefficients to the bias expansion to ensure closure under renormalization. We recover the previously-derived “scale-dependent bias” contributions, as well as a new (subdominant) stochastic contribution. We derive the renormalization group equations governing the RG-LSS for a large class of interactions which account for vertices at linear order infNLthat parametrize interacting scalar and massive spinning fields during inflation. Solving the RG equations, we show the evolution of the non-Gaussian contributions to galaxy clustering as a function of scale.
Research on butterfly coil EMAT sound field characteristics
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Ma Jian , Wang Luyao , Bai Xue , Chen Jianwei
Published: August 2024

As a main coil structure of an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (EMAT), the butterfly coil can excite transverse waves under the action of the vertical magnetic field, which is widely used in the thickness measurement of metal plates and the detection of internal buried defects. This paper discusses the directivity of the butterfly coil in the acoustic field to facilitate the design and application of the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer and obtain the energy distribution state of the radiated acoustic field. The acoustic field directivity of butterfly coil EMAT is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the ultrasonic excitation principle of the butterfly coil EMAT is analyzed, and the radiated acoustic field of the butterfly coil is theoretically calculated by equating the main flap of the butterfly coil to a rectangular wave source. The experimental system of acoustic field directivity measurement was constructed to measure the directivity data of the radiated acoustic field of the ultrasonic shear wave. The acoustic field was analyzed for different working frequencies and different polarization directions of the relative semicircular specimen. The experimental data matched the theoretical calculations well, and this paper provides a reference basis for the engineering application of this transducer.
Study on bird strike analysis of a civil aircraft equipped with satcom antenna
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhu Yuanzhe
Published: August 2024

Civil aircraft have specific requirements for the anti-bird strike performance of the structure, so the installation of various types of antennas must carry out bird strike assessment to avoid catastrophic consequences because of bird strikes. In this paper, the anti-bird strike performance of a civil aircraft equipped with an antenna is studied by numerical calculation. It shows that the antenna adapter may be plastically deformed after a bird strike, but it will not be damaged or fall off from the body structure as a whole. Therefore, the satcom antenna will not cause catastrophic consequences after a bird strike and meet the airworthiness requirements.