bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa from Kerman Province, Iran
Authors: Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Noori Mitra , Naniz Habibeh Afzali
Published: September 2017

Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae widely distributed all over the world. The genus members grow naturally in different parts of Iran and nearly 96 species of Euphorbia have been listed in the country. Investigations show that the traits of foliar epidermis have taxonomic values. That is why the features of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa were studied in the present study. Plant samples were collected from Kerman Province, Iran, and identified using available references. Semi-permanent slides were prepared of adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis. Then the slides were studied using light microscopy and some epidermal leaf anatomy characteristics stomata types, trichomes, the shape and type of epidermal cell, and their walls were examined. Photomicrographs were taken from each sample. Results showed that stomata type were stable among the species. Not only leaf epidermal cell shapes differed between the taxa, but also in some species they varied between the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. These conditions hold true for cell wall patterns. Some of the studied taxa had simple and uniseriate trichomes on the epidermal surfaces, in most of them trichomes were present on both leaf surfaces, while in one species trichomes were seen on the abaxial surface. Our findings confirmed that some of the anatomical traits, such as the absence or presence of trichomes, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal cell wall patterns had taxonomic value and are useful in the identification of taxa.
Dielectric properties of alumina ceramics for fusion applications
Authors: Cruz Darío , Vila Rafael , Gómez-Ferrer Begoña
Published: September 2017

The insulating materials for radio frequency (RF) windows and different antenna supports for heating systems and some diagnostics are still an unresolved issue in future fusion machines such as DEMO. Alumina ceramic (Al2O3) is one of the main candidate materials for these systems. The dielectric properties, such as electrical permittivity (ε) and loss tangent (tanδ), determine its power losses. Therefore, tanδ values need to be low, between 10–6 and 10–3 depending on the application. However, due to the crucial role of the manufacturing process in determining its final dielectric properties, there is the need to undertake a joint effort with the industry in order to validate a standard manufacturing route that ensures a supply of ceramic material with homogeneous and standardized dielectric properties for future fusion machines.
In DEMO, these ceramic materials will be operated under extreme conditions. They will be exposed to considerable levels of neutron irradiation. Radiation Induced Conductivity (RIC) and Radiation Induced Electrical Degradation (RIED) are phenomena that influence notoriously on the dielectric performance of these materials. Therefore, their optimum properties must be tested under relevant irradiation conditions. Hence, it is important to accurately characterize their dielectric properties before irradiation to be able to compare them with the future post neutron irradiation results. Furthermore, other types of radiation such as beta and gamma are also used in the irradiation scheme to provide more information on the variation of dielectric properties of ceramics due to radiation effects.
In this work, loss tangent and permittivity values of some pre-irradiated candidate materials will be presented as well as the measuring techniques used at CIEMAT. These techniques have the advantage of covering a very broad range of frequencies required for alumina applications in fusion (from kHz to GHz) and giving the best accuracy for very low losses.
A comparative study on physical properties of Al-doped zinc oxide thin films deposited from zinc acetate and zinc acetylacetonate by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Eensalu Jako Siim , Krunks Malle , Gromyko Inga , Katerski Atanas , Mere Arvo
Published: September 2017

Herein we present a comparative study on highly transparent, conductive aluminium-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films deposited by pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) of a zinc acetate based solution and a zinc acetylacetonate based solution on soda lime glass. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were studied depending on aluminium content in the precursor solution and substrate temperature during deposition (Ts). The solution used to prepare AZO thin films contained 0.2 M zinc acetate or 0.2 M zinc acetylacetonate and aluminium acetylacetonate between 0–15 at.% [Al]/[Zn]. Substrate temperature was varied from 275 to 450 °C. Transmittance and reflectance spectra were recorded by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Resistivity, mobility and charge carrier density were determined by four point probe measurements in ambient conditions. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, AZO films are highly c-axis oriented until 2–3 at.% [Al]/[Zn] in the spray solution, depending on zinc precursor. Crystallite size is 25–30 nm for AZO films deposited at Ts 400 °C. All AZO films exhibited high average optical transmittance of 76–94% in the visible spectrum 400–800 nm wavelength range. Eg values ranged from 3.32 in undoped ZnO to 3.58 eV in in highly doped AZO films deposited from zinc acetylacetonate due to the formation of secondary AlOx phases. The lowest resistivities were obtained at Ts 400 °C for films deposited from zinc acetate, 3–7.5 at.% [Al]/[Zn] in solution (0.40 Ωcm) and at Ts 400 °C, 3–7.5 at.% [Al]/[Zn] in solution for films deposited from zinc acetylacetonate (0.47 Ωcm).
The combined heat and mass transit processes of water droplets in biofuel technologies
Authors: Ramanauskas Virginijus , Maziukienė Monika , Miliauskas Gintautas
Published: September 2017

The number of thermal technologies is based on water droplets heat and mass transfer processes. In this paper droplets heat transfer and phase transformations were modelled in the context of water spraying in humid flue gases application for biofuel combustion technologies. Droplets warming is defined when its surface instantaneous temperature is calculated according to an iterative numerical scheme, which is based on heat fluxes balance that flows in and from the droplet surface. The transfer processes interaction is taken into account. The influence of spraying water temperature, biofuel flue gases temperature and its humidity as well as droplets heating process impact on spraying water droplets transit phase transformation regimes were highlighted. Technological cases of water spraying in a biofuel furnace and heat recovery from removed flue gases were highlighted. In condensing economizers at recovered flue gases sprayed droplets heat transfer conditions are defined by their slipping factor in flue gases, while in the case of biofuel combustion in the furnace, droplets slipping and its surrounding radiation factors are equivalent.
Ponte Aracaju destino Barra dos Coqueiros, Sergipe, Brasil: infraestrutura e/ou polo valorizante como fenômeno da valorização da terra
Authors: Neves Erlon Marcos da Costa , Silva Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2017

Com a concretização da construção da Ponte “Construtor João Alves observou-se uma grande valorização imobiliária na Barra dos Coqueiros (SE). A construção da ponte ocorreu entre agosto de 2004 e setembro de 2006. O fenômeno da valorização imobiliária está associado a investimentos em infraestrutura na área valorizante, e em particular grandes investimentos do poder público. Neste contexto, pôde este estudo demonstrar que além de certo e censo comum que investimentos em infraestrutura urbana valorizam a terra, é possível e necessário lançar um novo olhar sobre a questão, visualizando não apenas a obra e seu entorno em si, mas buscando entender que obras de pontes têm a particularidade de “deslocar” pessoas, interesses, investimentos, integrar bairros, integrar cidades; e que todo esse conjunto de coisas associadas são capazes de deslocar um polo valorizante inteiro; e desta forma, polo valorizante não seria apenas algo que uma vez implantado torna-se fixo, mas algo que pode ser dinâmico, algo já existente mas de acesso dificultado. Através da elaboração de hipóteses e observações da análise de gráficos sobre a valorização da terra no município da Barra dos Coqueiros (SE) num período de pré, durante, e pós-construção da Ponte Aracaju (SE) Barra dos Coqueiros (SE), pode-se evidenciar que a construção da ponte valorizou a terra na Barra dos Coqueiros (SE), mas que o principal aspecto da valorização não se deu pela implantação da ponte em si enquanto infraestrutura, mas pelo deslocamento do “polo valorizante Aracaju (SE)”, que passou de influenciante a altamente influenciante naquele município.
“Mother! Where are you?”: Attachment, Hazard-precaution and Loss Simulation in Bambi and Finding Nemo (BA Project)
Authors: Schwalbe Laura Bjerre
Published: September 2017

This BA project analyses Disney’s animated feature films Bambi (Alger, et al. 1942) and Finding Nemo (Stanton and Unkrich 2003) from an evolutionary perspective, exploring the adaptive mechanisms that underpin them. The heroes of Disney’s childhood favorites often must survive horrifying threats and traumatic losses. Through the lenses of attachment theory, children’s danger management, and evolutionary film theory, this paper argues that Bambi and Nemo’s cute and fragile appearances and loving relationships with their parents activate children’s biological urge for parental protection. The characters encounter threats that human children are adapted to avoid, but small children endure these scenes because they offer indirect experience with real-life fitness-threatening scenarios. Finally, while evolutionary theory and feminist theory are frequently considered at odds, I discuss how these two approaches in combination can explore the untraditional family patterns in Finding Nemo.
A Study in Scarlett: Creaky Voice and Romantic Intention in Spike Jonze’s Her
Authors: Jelle Joachim
Published: September 2017

Research indicates that women may use creaky voice to increase their own perceived romantic desirability. This auditory analysis of Scarlett Johansson’s use of creaky voice related this specific use of non-modal phonation to her romantic intentions. This was done by looking at four scenes in Spike Jonze’s Her, all of which suggested a different stage in the relationship between the two main characters (Johansson and Joaquin Phoenix). Creakiness in these scenes was assessed by counting the number of clauses in the four scenes as well as the number of creaks in the clauses. It was concluded that a positive correlation exists between the use of creaky voice and the attempt on part of the female speaker to sound desirable. The present study therefore supports the existing literature on the romantic signaling function of creaky voice.
« Du reste il nous apprend peu de choses intéressantes » : des (in)fortunes littéraires de Gabriel Sagard
Authors: Côté Sébastien
Published: September 2017

Témoin privilégié des débuts de la vie coloniale en Nouvelle-France, Gabriel Sagard est surtout connu pourLe Grand Voyage du pays des Hurons(1632), récit de son long séjour chez les Hurons de l’actuelle baie Georgienne. Or, malgré leurs qualités indéniables, ses ouvrages furent jugés trop naïfs par l’historien jésuite Charlevoix, dont les observations nuisirent, du moins pour un temps, à leur fortune littéraire. Après une présentation de quelques usages des oeuvres de Sagard jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, cet article étudie leur réception ambivalente dans une sélection d’histoires littéraires du Canada français et du Québec depuis le XIXe siècle.
Deux romancières afro-brésiliennes : Conceição Evaristo et Ana Maria Gonçalves
Authors: Phaf-Rheinberger Ineke
Published: September 2017

Cet article part de l’intérêt que l’on constate au Brésil aujourd’hui pour les auteurs afro-descendants, intérêt qui a permis de mettre en valeur, entre autres romans, ceux de Conceição Evaristo et Ana Maria Gonçalves, qui sont particulièrement importants. En outre, il correspond au souhait formulé par Eduardo de Assis Duarte, dans la conclusion de ses quatre volumes sur la littérature brésilienne des écrivains afro-descendants, que s’instaure une tradition critique consacrée à ce domaine. Dans toutes ces oeuvres transparaissent l’influence d’une expérience transocéanique en même temps que l’importance des termes africains dans la langue brésilienne, toutes deux y jouant un rôle crucial.
La Guerre des anges de José Eduardo Agualusa : une espérance désillusionnée
Authors: Begenat-Neuschaefer Ann
Published: September 2017

Dans ce roman, l’écrivain angolais José Eduardo Agualusa tente un rapprochement entre l’histoire des guerres angolaises et les violents conflits sociaux brésiliens aujourd’hui. Pour lui, c’est parce que le Brésil a refoulé son histoire coloniale que la situation sociale des favelas s’envenime, aggravée encore par un trafic d’armes et de drogue qui transitent par Luanda. Tout cela est évoqué par le tournoiement de personnages, historiques (comme Zumbi dos Palmares) ou vivants, brésiliens ou angolais, blancs ou noirs.
The genomic landscape of human cellular circadian variation points to a novel role for the signalosome
Authors: Gaspar Ludmila , Howald Cedric , Popadin Konstantin , Maier Bert , Mauvoisin Daniel , Moriggi Ermanno , Gutierrez-Arcelus Maria , Falconnet Emilie , Borel Christelle , Kunz Dieter , Kramer Achim , Gachon Frederic , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T , Antonarakis Stylianos E , Brown Steven A
Published: September 2017

The importance of natural gene expression variation for human behavior is undisputed, but its impact on circadian physiology remains mostly unexplored. Using umbilical cord fibroblasts, we have determined by genome-wide association how common genetic variation impacts upon cellular circadian function. Gene set enrichment points to differences in protein catabolism as one major source of clock variation in humans. The two most significant alleles regulated expression of COPS7B, a subunit of the COP9 signalosome. We further show that the signalosome complex is imported into the nucleus in timed fashion to stabilize the essential circadian protein BMAL1, a novel mechanism to oppose its proteasome-mediated degradation. Thus, circadian clock properties depend in part upon a genetically-encoded competition between stabilizing and destabilizing forces, and genetic alterations in these mechanisms provide one explanation for human chronotype.
A transgenic toolkit for visualizing and perturbing microtubules reveals unexpected functions in the epidermis
Authors: Muroyama Andrew , Lechler Terry
Published: September 2017

The physiological functions of microtubules (MTs) are poorly understood in many differentiated cell types. We developed a genetic toolkit to study MT dynamics and function in diverse cells. Using TRE-EB1-GFP mice, we found that MT dynamics are strongly suppressed in differentiated keratinocytes in two distinct steps due to alterations in both growth rate and lifetime. To understand the functions of these MT populations, we developed TRE-spastin mice to disrupt MTs in specific cell types. MT perturbation in post-mitotic keratinocytes had profound consequences on epidermal morphogenesis. We uncoupled cell-autonomous roles in cell flattening from non-cell-autonomous requirements for MTs in regulating proliferation, differentiation, and tissue architecture. This work uncovers physiological roles for MTs in epidermal development, and the tools described here will be broadly useful to study MT dynamics and functions in mammals.
TEORIA DO CONHECIMENTO, EPISTEMOLOGIA E MATERIALISMO HISTÓRICO DIALÉTICO NA PESQUISA E NO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Neto Gabriel Pereira Paes , França Ney Ferreira , Furtado Renan Santos
Published: September 2017

Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica na qual analisamos a perspectiva de reaproximação da teoria do conhecimento, a epistemologia a partir do materialismo histórico dialético para fundamentar a pesquisa e o trabalho pedagógico em educação física. Analisamos que as pesquisas devem pressupor a práxis e a dialética como categoria central e à luz desta que se devem abordar os problemas do conhecimento, da história e da própria realidade, portanto a defesa do MHD enquanto epistemologia e o socialismo enquanto projeto histórico. A educação física deve-se reverter o circuito de conhecimento superando os modelos hegemônicos, pressupondo também a pedagogia histórico-crítica e o paradigma da cultura corporal. 
A CRÍTICA CRÍTICA DOS GIROS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS E/OU LINGUÍSTICOS NO DEBATE POLÍTICO-EPISTEMOLÓGICO DA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Sacardo Michele , Silva Régis Henrique Dos Reis
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sucintamente a crítica crítica dos giros epistemológicos e/ou linguísticos no debate político-epistemológico da área da Educação Física brasileira. Para tanto, retomamos brevemente o processo de gênese e desenvolvimento do debate político-epistemológico da Educação Física brasileira. Posteriormente, discutimos os limites e inconsistências do discurso “pluralista” de um grupo de epistemólogos na referida área, e a defesa das concepções de verdade e realidade como categorias histórico-ontológicos. Concluímos que a perspectiva dos defensores dos giros epistemológicos e/ou linguísticos não consegueavançar para além das práticas descritivas da verdade, entendida a partir de consensos intersubjetivos e da implementação de uma postura conservadora.

 Palavras-chave: 
EPISTEMOLOGIA PÓS-MODERNA E SUA LEITURA DE VIGOTSKI
Authors: Costa Eduardo Moura , Tuleski Silvana Calvo
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar historicamente as formas que o construcionismo social interpretou os conceitos vigotskianos, sobretudo do ponto de vista epistemológico. Constatou-se que Vigotski foi utilizado pelo construcionismo social para fundamentar a ideia de que nos formamos nas relações sociais, mediados pela linguagem. Contudo apresenta uma concepção idealizada de linguagem, principalmente pela desconsideração das bases marxistas do psicólogo soviético. A chave desse problema seria compreender a linguagem e o conhecimento como independetes da reprodução material da sociedade. Conclui-se que a concepção construcionsita está em desacordo com as ideias de Vigotski, sobretudo a partir do seu sistema conceitual geral. 
PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO NA REFORMA AGRÁRIA (PRONERA): POLÍTICA PÚBLICA PARA EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR PARA A POPULAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Maia Maria Claudia
Published: September 2017

Resumo: Nesse trabalho abordaremos o direito à educação como direito humano fundamental ainda a ser efetivado no Brasil, em especial quanto à população do campo. O direito à educação para a população do campo teve importantes conquistas a partir das últimas décadas do Século XX, por meio de políticas públicas/estatais para acesso e permanência dessa população em todos os níveis de ensino. Foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com análise da legislação que passou a regulamentar a educação do campo e o Relatório da Segunda Pesquisa Nacional sobre a Educação na Reforma Agrária com o objetivo de verificar o acesso da população do campo a todos os níveis de ensino em especial o ensino superior.
Palavras-chave: Direito à Educação. Políticas de Educação. Educação Superior do Campo
ESCOLA ITINERANTE DO MST: 20 ANOS DE APRENDIZADOS NA LUTA
Authors: Dalmagro Sandra Luciana , Bahniuk Caroline , Camini Isabela
Published: September 2017

O presente texto analisa o significado político e pedagógico das Escolas Itinerantes localizadas nos acampamentos do MST em seu percurso 20 anos. Estas escolas acompanham a dinâmica dos acampamentos e buscam desenvolver o projeto educativo do MST. A fonte de dados tem por base pesquisa documental, e observações em espaços de formação de professores. O artigo sintetiza estudos anteriores das autoras, porém elegendo como aspectos centrais na análise a formação dos educadores, a relação da escola com o Estado e a forma escolar. A bibliografia encontra sustentação, dentre outros, em Pistrak e Freitas. A partir destes aspectos evidenciamos que as Escolas Itinerantes tem desenvolvido diversas e sistemáticas estratégias de formação dos educadores, confronta o Estado burguês ao mesmo tempo em que dele depende e possui potencialidade para questionar a forma escolar e realizar uma escola em sintonia com a luta dos trabalhadores, o que se processa em meio a diversos limites e contradições.
O SUJEITO OCULTO DO CAPITAL E A METAFÍSICA DA ECONOMIA POLÍTICA SEGUNDO MARX
Authors: Xavier Glauber Lopes
Published: September 2017

No artigo em questão é realizada breve reflexão sobre a crítica da economia política de Marx e como ela permite, enquanto teoria e método, o deslindamento da economia capitalista. Com esse propósito, num primeiro momento é realizada uma discussão acerca das principais escolas do pensamento econômico que foram alvo da crítica da economia política de Marx e, num segundo momento, os fundamentos da crítica são considerados com o fito de se desvelar a essência dos fenômenos econômicos e sociais, escamoteados pela economia neoclássica por meio de seus pressupostos teóricos e seu instrumental metodológico.
Thaw Depth Determines Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Biodegradability on the Northern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Mu C. C. , Abbott B. W. , Wu X. D. , Zhao Q. , Wang H. J. , Su H. , Wang S. F. , Gao T. G. , Guo H. , Peng X. Q. , Zhang T. J.
Published: September 2017

The response of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux to permafrost degradation is one of the major sources of uncertainty in predicting the permafrost carbon feedback. We investigated DOC export and properties over two complete flow seasons in a catchment on the northern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. DOC concentration and biodegradability decreased systematically as thaw depth increased through the season, attributable to changing carbon sources and degree of microbial processing. Increasing DOC aromaticity and δ13C‐DOC indicated shifts toward more recalcitrant carbon sources and greater residence time in soils prior to reaching the stream network. These strong and consistent seasonal trends suggest that gradual active layer deepening may decrease DOC export and biodegradability from permafrost catchments. Because these patterns are opposite observations from areas experiencing abrupt permafrost collapse (thermokarst), the overall impact of permafrost degradation on DOC flux and biodegradability may depend on the proportion of the landscape experiencing gradual thaw versus thermokarst.
A Decade of Induced Slip on the Causative Fault of the 2015Mw4.0 Venus Earthquake, Northeast Johnson County, Texas
Authors: Scales Monique M. , DeShon Heather R. , Magnani M. Beatrice , Walter Jacob I. , Quinones Louis , Pratt Thomas L. , Hornbach Matthew J.
Published: September 2017

On 7 May 2015, aMw4.0 earthquake occurred near Venus, northeast Johnson County, Texas, in an area of the Bend Arch‐Fort Worth Basin that reports long‐term, high‐volume wastewater disposal and that has hosted felt earthquakes since 2009. In the weeks following theMw4.0 earthquake, we deployed a local seismic network and purchased nearby active‐source seismic reflection data to capture additional events, characterize the causative fault, and explore potential links between ongoing industry activity and seismicity. Hypocenter relocations of the resulting local earthquake catalog span ~4–6 km depth and indicate a fault striking ~230°, dipping to the west, consistent with a nodal plane of theMw4.0 regional moment tensor. Fault plane solutions indicate normal faulting, withBaxes striking parallel to maximum horizontal compressive stress. Seismic reflection data image the reactivated basement fault penetrating the Ordovician disposal layer and Mississippian production layer, but not displacing post‐Lower Pennsylvanian units. Template matching at regional seismic stations indicates that low‐magnitude earthquakes with similar waveforms began in April 2008, with increasing magnitude over time. Pressure data from five saltwater disposal wells within 5 km of the active fault indicate a disposal formation that is 0.9–4.8 MPa above hydrostatic. We suggest that the injection of 28,000,000 m3of wastewater between 2006 and 2015 at these wells led to an increase in subsurface pore fluid pressure that contributed to inducing this long‐lived earthquake sequence. The 2015Mw4.0 event represents the largest event in the continuing evolution of slip on the causative fault.
Water Ice Radiolytic O2, H2, and H2O2 Yields for Any Projectile Species, Energy, or Temperature: A Model for Icy Astrophysical Bodies
Authors: Teolis B. D. , Plainaki C. , Cassidy T. A. , Raut U.
Published: September 2017

O2, H2, and H2O2 radiolysis from water ice is pervasive on icy astrophysical bodies, but the lack of a self‐consistent, quantitative model of the yields of these water products versus irradiation projectile species and energy has been an obstacle to estimating the radiolytic oxidant sources to the surfaces and exospheres of these objects. A major challenge is the wide variation of O2 radiolysis yields between laboratory experiments, ranging over 4 orders of magnitude from 5 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−3 molecules/eV for different particles and energies. We revisit decades of laboratory data to solve this long‐standing puzzle, finding an inverse projectile range dependence in the O2 yields, due to preferential O2 formation from an ~30 Å thick oxygenated surface layer. Highly penetrating projectile ions and electrons with ranges ≳30 Å are therefore less efficient at producing O2 than slow/heavy ions and low‐energy electrons (≲ 400 eV) which deposit most energy near the surface. Unlike O2, the H2O2 yields from penetrating projectiles fall within a comparatively narrow range of (0.1–6) × 10−3 molecules/eV and do not depend on range, suggesting that H2O2 forms deep in the ice uniformly along the projectile track, e.g., by reactions of OH radicals. We develop an analytical model for O2, H2, and H2O2 yields from pure water ice for electrons and singly charged ions of any mass and energy and apply the model to estimate possible O2 source rates on several icy satellites. The yields are upper limits for icy bodies on which surface impurities may be present.
B
lastocatellaceae
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Pascual Javier , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg
Published: September 2017

Blas.to.ca.tel.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Blastocatella
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Blastocatellaceae
the
Blastocatella
family.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Blastocatellaceae

The
Blastocatellaceae
are delineated from other taxa based on
16S rRNA
gene analysis and represent the first validly described family of the class
Blastocatellia
(formerly: subdivision 4
Acidobacteria
) and the order
Blastocatellales
. Cells spherical, rod shaped, or pleomorphic and stain Gram‐negative. They divide by binary fission and/or budding and form neither spores nor capsules. All genera of the family
Blastocatellaceae
are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic, slightly acidophilic to neutrophilic mesophiles. They are adapted to a broad range of temperature and
pH
values and are capable of using complex proteinaceous compounds for growth. Few representatives are able to degrade other complex carbon compounds. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethalolamine are present in all members of the family, and
iso
‐

C
15

:0
,
anteiso
‐

C
17

:0
,
iso
‐

C
15

:1
H/

C
13

:0
3‐
OH
, and

C
16

:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
/
iso
‐

C
15

:0
2‐
OH
are the major fatty acids. Members of the family have been isolated from African Savannah soils with low nutrient contents.
Waveguide Encoded Lattices (WELs): Slim Polymer Films with Panoramic Fields of View (FOV) and Multiple Imaging Functionality
Authors: Hosein Ian D. , Lin Hao , Ponte Matthew R. , Basker Dinesh K. , Brook Michael A. , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi
Published: September 2017

When encoded with a 3D network of interconnected and pentadirectional waveguides, an otherwise passive polymer film transforms into an intelligent optical element—a waveguide encoded lattice (WEL)—that combines a panoramic field of view, infinite depth of field and powerful capacity to perform multiple imaging operations such as divergence‐free transmission, focusing, and inversion. The lattices are moreover operable with coherent and incoherent light at all visible wavelengths, both individually (e.g., narrow band sources such as lasers, light‐emitting diodes) and collectively (e.g., incandescent sources). This combination of properties is unprecedented in single‐component films and the WEL structures represent a new class of flexible, slim films that could confer advanced optical functionalities when integrated with light‐based technologies (e.g., solar panels, smart phone cameras, and smart screens) and are amenable to the design and fabrication of new miniaturized optical and optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Construction of 3D Interconnected FeS@Fe3C@Graphitic Carbon Networks for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qinghong , Zhang Wenchao , Guo Can , Liu Yajie , Wang Chao , Guo Zaiping
Published: September 2017

Iron sulfides have been attracting great attention as anode materials for high‐performance rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. In practice, however, they deliver unsatisfactory performance because of their intrinsically low conductivity and volume expansion during charge–discharge processes. Here, a facile in situ synthesis of a 3D interconnected FeS@Fe3C@graphitic carbon (FeS@Fe3C@GC) composite via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) followed by a sulfuration strategy is developed. The construction of the double‐layered Fe3C/GC shell and the integral 3D GC network benefits from the catalytic effect of iron (or iron oxides) during the CVD process. The unique nanostructure offers fast electron/Na ion transport pathways and exhibits outstanding structural stability, ensuring fast kinetics and long cycle life of the FeS@Fe3C@GC electrodes for sodium storage. A similar process can be applied for the fabrication of various metal oxide/carbon and metal sulfide/carbon electrode materials for high‐performance lithium/sodium‐ion batteries.
Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Bauer Jens , Meza Lucas R. , Schaedler Tobias A. , Schwaiger Ruth , Zheng Xiaoyu , Valdevit Lorenzo
Published: September 2017

In 1903, Alexander Graham Bell developed a design principle to generate lightweight, mechanically robust lattice structures based on triangular cells; this has since found broad application in lightweight design. Over one hundred years later, the same principle is being used in the fabrication of nanolattice materials, namely lattice structures composed of nanoscale constituents. Taking advantage of the size‐dependent properties typical of nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films, nanolattices redefine the limits of the accessible material‐property space throughout different disciplines. Herein, the exceptional mechanical performance of nanolattices, including their ultrahigh strength, damage tolerance, and stiffness, are reviewed, and their potential for multifunctional applications beyond mechanics is examined. The efficient integration of architecture and size‐affected properties is key to further develop nanolattices. The introduction of a hierarchical architecture is an effective tool in enhancing mechanical properties, and the eventual goal of nanolattice design may be to replicate the intricate hierarchies and functionalities observed in biological materials. Additive manufacturing and self‐assembly techniques enable lattice design at the nanoscale; the scaling‐up of nanolattice fabrication is currently the major challenge to their widespread use in technological applications.
A Eutectic Mixture of Natural Fatty Acids Can Serve as the Gating Material for Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Drug Release
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Huo Da , Chen Qiaoshan , Xue Jiajia , Shen Song , Xia Younan
Published: September 2017

A smart release system responsive to near‐infrared (NIR) light is developed for intracellular drug delivery. The concept is demonstrated by coencapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) (an anticancer drug) and IR780 iodide (IR780) (an NIR‐absorbing dye) into nanoparticles made of a eutectic mixture of naturally occurring fatty acids. The eutectic mixture has a well‐defined melting point at 39 °C, and can be used as a biocompatible phase‐change material for NIR‐triggered drug release. The resultant nanoparticles exhibit prominent photothermal effect and quick drug release in response to NIR irradiation. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicates that the DOX trapped in the nanoparticles can be efficiently released into the cytosol under NIR irradiation, resulting in enhanced anticancer activity. A new platform is thus offered for designing effective intracellular drug‐release systems, holding great promise for future cancer therapy.
Laser Porosificated Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sämann Christian , Kelesiadou Katerina , Hosseinioun Seyedeh Sheida , Wachtler Mario , Köhler Jürgen R. , Birke Kai Peter , Schubert Markus B. , Werner Jürgen H.
Published: September 2017

This study presents the first laser porosificated silicon anode for lithium‐ion batteries. The pulsed laser induced pore creation improves the cycling stability of the d = 210 nm thick sputtered thin film anodes compared to plain Si. Galvanostatic cycling with a charge capacity limited to C = 932 mAh g−1 and a 2C current rate shows a stable cycling for more than N = 600 cycles. After N = 3000 cycles the laser porosificated and crystallized Si has a remaining capacity of C3000 > 120 mAh g−1. Postmortem scanning electron microscopy images after N = 3000 cycles prove that the laser porosification reduces cracks in the active layer.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: September 2017

Disease overview

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.

Risk‐adapted therapy

TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk‐adapted,” multi‐disciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin‐directed therapies is preferred, as both disease‐specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced‐stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic‐response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single‐agent chemotherapy. In highly‐selected patients, allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
Sub‐Monolayer Growth of Titanium, Cobalt, and Palladium on Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Sokolova Anastasia , Kilchert Franziska , Link Stefan , Stöhr Alexander , Starke Ulrich , Schneider M. Alexander
Published: September 2017

We deposited metals (Ti, Co, Pd) typically used as seed layers for contacts on epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) and studied the early stages of growth in the sub‐monolayer regime by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). All three metals do not wet the substrate and Ostwalt ripening occurs at temperatures below 400 K. The analysis of the epitaxial orientation of the metal adislands revealed their specific alignment to the graphene lattice. It is found that the apparent height of the islands as measured by STM strongly deviates from their true topographic height. This is interpreted as an indication of the presence of scattering processes within the metal particles that increase the transparency of the metal‐graphene interface for electrons. Even large islands are easily picked up by the tip of the STM allowing insight into the bonding between metal island and graphene surface and into mechanisms leading to metal intercalation.
Role of the Radiation‐Reaction Electric Field in the Optical Response of Two‐Dimensional Crystals
Authors: Merano Michele
Published: September 2017

A classical theory of a radiating two‐dimensional crystal is proposed and an expression for the radiation‐reaction electric field is derived. This field plays an essential role in connecting the microscopic electromagnetic fields acting on each dipole of the crystal to the macroscopic one, via the boundary conditions for the system. The expression of the radiative‐reaction electric field coincides with the macroscopic electric field radiating from the crystal and, summed to the incident electric field, generates the total macroscopic electric field.
Localization and Speciation of Iron Impurities within a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Jacob Rosh R. , Cuartero Vera , Mathon Olivier , Krumeich Frank , Borca Camelia , Huthwelker Thomas , Cheng Wu‐Cheng , Shu YuYing , Pascarelli Sakura , Grolimund Daniel , Menzel Andreas , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: September 2017

Fluid catalytic cracking is a chemical conversion process of industrial scale. This process, utilizing porous catalysts composed of clay and zeolite, converts heavy crude‐oil fractions into transportation fuel and petrochemical feedstocks. Among other factors iron‐rich reactor and feedstream impurities cause these catalyst particles to permanently deactivate. Herein, we report tomographic X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements that reveal the presence of dissimilar iron impurities of specific localization within a single deactivated particle. Whereas the iron natural to clay in the composite seems to be unaffected by operation, exterior‐facing and feedstream‐introduced iron was found in two forms. Those being minute quantities of ferrous oxide, located near regions of increased porosity, and impurities rich in Fe3+, preferentially located in the outer dense part of the particle and suggested to contribute to the formation of an isolating amorphous silica alumina envelope.
A Biomimetic Escape Strategy for Cytoplasm Invasion by Synthetic Particles
Authors: Iturrioz‐Rodríguez. Nerea , González‐Domínguez Elena , González‐Lavado Eloisa , Marín‐Caba Laura , Vaz Belén , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Fanarraga Monica L.
Published: September 2017

The translocation of nanomaterials or complex delivery systems into the cytosol is a major challenge in nanobiotechnology. After receptor‐mediated endocytosis, most nanomaterials are sequestered and undergo degradation, therapy inactivation, or exocytosis. Herein we explore a novel surface particle coating made of adsorbed carbon nanotubes that provides coated materials with new properties that reproduce the viral cell‐invasive mechanisms, namely, receptor‐mediated endocytosis, endolysosomal escape, and cytosolic particle release preserving cell viability. This novel biomimetic coating design will enable the intracytoplasmic delivery of many different functional materials endowed with therapeutic, magnetic, optical, or catalytic functionalities, thus opening the door to a wide array of chemical and physical processes within the cytosolic or nuclear domains, and supporting new developments in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries.
Metallfreie Bor‐haltige Heterogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Fang Yuanxing , Wang Xinchen
Published: September 2017

Metallfreie Katalysatoren haben spezifische Vorteile gegenüber Metall‐ und Metalloxidkatalysatoren, z. B. sind sie kostengünstiger, zuverlässiger und nachhaltiger. Unter den Nichtmetallverbindungen für die Katalyse wurden Bor‐haltige Verbindungen mit einigen einzigartigen Eigenschaften entwickelt. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die aktuellen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet Bor‐haltiger, metallfreier Katalysatoren vorgestellt, darunter binäre und ternäre Bor‐haltige Katalysatormaterialien. Außerdem werden die drei Hauptanwendungen in der Katalyse angesprochen, nämlich die Elektrokatalyse, Thermokatalyse und Photokatalyse. Hierbei wird die jeweilige Rolle von Bor für die spezifische Katalyseanwendung vertieft diskutiert. Bor‐haltige Verbindungen könnten das Gebiet der metallfreien Katalyse zukünftig wesentlich beeinflussen.
Enantioselective Direct Mannich‐Type Reactions Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Acid/Brønsted Base Complexes
Authors: Shang Ming , Cao Min , Wang Qifan , Wasa Masayuki
Published: September 2017

An enantioselective direct Mannich‐type reaction catalyzed by a sterically frustrated Lewis acid/Brønsted base complex is disclosed. Cooperative functioning of the chiral Lewis acid and achiral Brønsted base components gives rise to in situ enolate generation from monocarbonyl compounds. Subsequent reaction with hydrogen‐bond‐activated aldimines delivers β‐aminocarbonyl compounds with high enantiomeric purity.
Combining Orthogonal Chain‐End Deprotections and Thiol–Maleimide Michael Coupling: Engineering Discrete Oligomers by an Iterative Growth Strategy
Authors: Huang Zhihao , Zhao Junfei , Wang Zimu , Meng Fanying , Ding Kunshan , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhou Nianchen , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin
Published: September 2017

Orthogonal maleimide and thiol deprotections were combined with thiol–maleimide coupling to synthesize discrete oligomers/macromolecules on a gram scale with molecular weights up to 27.4 kDa (128mer, 7.9 g) using an iterative exponential growth strategy with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2n−1. Using the same chemistry, a “readable” sequence‐defined oligomer and a discrete cyclic topology were also created. Furthermore, uniform dendrons were fabricated using sequential growth (DP=2n−1) or double exponential dendrimer growth approaches (DP=2
−1) with significantly accelerated growth rates. A versatile, efficient, and metal‐free method for construction of discrete oligomers with tailored structures and a high growth rate would greatly facilitate research into the structure–property relationships of sophisticated polymeric materials.
Docking of Antibodies into the Cavities of DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Ouyang Xiangyuan , De Stefano Mattia , Krissanaprasit Abhichart , Bank Kodal Anne Louise , Bech Rosen Christian , Liu Tianqiang , Helmig Sarah , Fan Chunhai , Gothelf Kurt V.
Published: September 2017

Immobilized antibodies are extensively employed for medical diagnostics, such as in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Despite their widespread use, the ability to control the orientation of immobilized antibodies on surfaces is very limited. Herein, we report a method for the covalent and orientation‐selective immobilization of antibodies in designed cavities in 2D and 3D DNA origami structures. Two tris(NTA)‐modified strands are inserted into the cavity to form NTA–metal complexes with histidine clusters on the Fc domain. Subsequent covalent linkage to the antibody was achieved by coupling to lysine residues. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the efficient immobilization of the antibodies in the origami structures. This increased control over the orientation of antibodies in nanostructures and on surfaces has the potential to direct the interactions between antibodies and targets and to provide more regular surface assemblies of antibodies.
Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co‐crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon‐Based Mesoscopic Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Min , Mohanta Nayantara , Wang Chi‐Yung , Lin Yu‐Pei , Yang Yaw‐Wen , Wang Chien‐Lung , Hung Chen‐Hsiung , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang
Published: September 2017

We synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri‐halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr2−xClx) for carbon‐based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole‐transporting layers. Varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co‐crystallized inside the tin‐perovskite. When the SnCl2 proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI3−yBry and MASnCl3−zBrz in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC=14.0 mA cm−2, VOC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long‐term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin‐based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.
Rotational Spectroscopy Probes Water Flipping by Full Fluorination of Benzene
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Brendel Kai , Mäder Heinrich , Caminati Walther , Melandri Sonia
Published: September 2017

The topology of the interaction of water with benzene changes drastically upon full H→F substitution on the aromatic ring: the weak O−H⋅⋅⋅π hydrogen bond is replaced by a O⋅⋅⋅π linkage, of about the same strength. Hexafluorobenzene–water appears to be the prototype system to investigate this kind of weak bond. The pulsed Fourier transform microwave technique has been used for the detection of the rotational spectra of the normal species and five isotopologues which unambiguously led to the identification of the geometry. Quantum mechanical calculations have been performed to interpret the experimental evidence.
The light cycle controls the hatching rhythm in Bombyx mori via negative feedback loop of the circadian oscillator
Authors: Tao Hui , Li Xue , Qiu Jian‐Feng , Liu Heng‐Jiang , Zhang Da‐Yan , Chu Feng , Sima Yanghu , Xu Shi‐Qing
Published: September 2017

Hatching behavior is a key target in silkworm (Bombyx mori) rearing, especially for the control of Lepidoptera pests. According to previous research, hatching rhythms appear to be controlled by a clock mechanism that restricts or “gates” hatching to a particular time. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Under 12‐h light:12‐h dark photoperiod (LD) conditions, the transcriptional levels of the chitinase5 (Cht5) and hatching enzyme‐like (Hel) genes, as well as the enzymatic activities of their gene products, oscillated in time with ambient light cycles, as did the transcriptional levels of the cryptochrome 1, cryptochrome 2, period (per), and timeless genes, which are key components of the negative feedback loop of the circadian rhythm. These changes were related to the expression profile of the ecdysteroid receptor gene and the hatching behavior of B. mori eggs. However, under continuous light or dark conditions, the hatching behavior, the expression levels of Cht5 and Hel, as well as the enzymatic activities of their gene products, were not synchronized unlike under LD conditions. In addition, immunohistochemistry experiments showed that light promoted the translocation of PER from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In conclusion, LD cycles regulate the hatching rhythm of B. mori via negative feedback loop of the circadian oscillator.