bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving surgical safety checklist completion using distributed responsibility of checklist item completion among operating room team members: A quality improvement project
Authors: Jain Mehr
Published: September 2020

Background. Surgical safety checklists are a standard of care for safe operating room practice, but their use has not been associated with reductions in adverse perioperative outcomes in some settings. Non-adherence and partial checklist completion may contribute to this lack of effect.

Objective. To examine whether a surgical safety checklist using distributed responsibility of checklist item completion, by allocation of questions and responses among operating room staff, increases surgical safety checklist compliance.

Methods. With Quality and Risk Management approval, a multicomponent strategy consisting of novel surgical safety checklist focused on distributed responsibility of checklist item completion was evaluated in orthopaedic operating rooms at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, from July to August 2016 using a before-and-after study design. The intervention consisted of a wall-mounted reusable checklist with questions and responses designated to specific operating room team members. Team training was provided beforehand, operating room team leaders were identified to promote the intervention, and revisions to the checklist content and process were implemented based on feedback on feasibility and clinical sensibility.

Results. A total of 45 and 59 children were included in pre-intervention and intervention groups, respectively. Overall, 87% (1,354/1,560) of checklist items were observed. Checklist item completion was significantly increased in the post-intervention group (77% [615/802]) compared with the pre-intervention group (27% [150/522]) (P<0.001).

Conclusions. These findings suggest that a multicomponent strategy of designating responsibility for item completion among operating room team members and using a memory aid can improve compliance with surgical safety checklist item completion.
Transdermal estradiol as a novel treatment for Peyronie's disease: A case report
Authors: Thuswaldner Jessie
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This is a single‐patient case report of a (now) 75-year old married male with long-standing Peyronie’s disease (PD).  The patient’s main symptoms were painful erections as well as secondary anxiety and depression.  Resolution of these symptoms was achieved with transdermal estradiol treatment.

Objectives: To describe a patient with PD, whose persistently painful erections and psychologic distress were eliminated by a novel treatment involving transdermal estradiol. This report also aims to present a novel treatment for patients with paraphilias.

Methods: An interview with the patient, chart review, and a literature search were conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the patient and this report was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Royal Hospital in Ottawa.

Results: Treatment with transdermal estradiol decreased the patient’s sex drive and virtually eliminated his erections with no undesirable side effects. The patient and his wife still enjoy sexual relations without the need for penile erection.

Conclusions: This case report presents a novel treatment for PD. It also introduces a novel method to treat men who wish to decrease their sex drive (e.g. men with paraphilic disorders). Replication of this treatment intervention in men with PD and new studies of its use in men with paraphilic disorders are warranted.
Debonding of Orthodontic Ceramic brackets: A comprehensive review of the literature – Part 1
Authors: Subramani Karthikeyan , Bollu Prashanti
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this 2 part literature review is to evaluate various debonding techniques for orthodontic ceramic bracket removal and their clinical applications.In part 1, and studies on mechanical and ultrasonic debonding techniques have been reviewed. Mechanical debonding (use of diamond burs, special pliers) is most widely applicable in clinical practice. Use of recommended pliers by manufacturers is key to minimize bracket failure modes as these pliers are designed specifically for the brackets. Ultrasonic debonding is advantageous in minimizing bracket failure but requires greater time to debond ceramic brackets than mechanical debonding and it may be uncomfortable to the patient due to longer duration of use. Studies on electrothermal and Laser debonding have been reviewed in part 2 of the literature review.
Debonding of Orthodontic Ceramic brackets: A comprehensive review of the literature – Part 2
Authors: Subramani Karthikeyan , Bollu Prashanti
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this 2 part review is to evaluate various debonding techniques for orthodontic ceramic bracket removal and their clinical applications.In this part 2 of the literature review, and studies on electrothermal debonding and Laser debonding techniques have been reviewed. Electrothermal debonding is a physiologically acceptable alternative to mechanical debonding. It requires minimal force following thermal softening of adhesive material and produces minimal changes to enamel surfaces compared to conventional methods. Minimal effects on enamel and intrapulpal temperature changes are noted with ytterbium fiber laser, diode laser and Tm:YAP laser. Different parameters are possible with CO laser, Nd:YAG laser and Er:YAG laser that may need further research before considering them in clinical practice.
Orthodontic interventions during covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sonal  , Mahajan Shally , Srivastava Vipul , Tandon Ragni , Asok Nikhil
Published: September 2020

To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature.

Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, Dental council of India and major national orthodontic associations.

Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 and limitations in quality of evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes.

During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective orthodontic treatment should be suspended. Emergency orthodontic treatment can be provided by following a contingency plan founded on effective communication and triage. Treatment advice should be delivered remotely first when possible, and where necessary, in-person treatment can be performed in a well-prepared operatory following the necessary measures.
Association between growth hormone receptor gene polymorphism and craniofacial morphology – A review
Authors: Tripathi Tulika , Hidhaya S Kathijathul , Kalra Shilpa , Rai Priyank , Kanase Anup
Published: September 2020

Craniofacial development is a sophisticated process which has multiple genetic and epigenetic factors involved. Disturbance in the developmental process can cause morphologic and functional defects, which may also affect the psychological health of the individual. It is imperative for orthodontists to have a thorough knowledge about the growth of the face in general and of the maxilla and mandible in particular, to help modify growth and treat the skeletal malocclusions. Multiple genes have been implicated in the growth of the craniofacial complex, growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) being one of them. Growth hormone plays an important role in the post-natal development of an organism, both skeletal and soft tissue growth. Mutation of its receptor will affect the expression of the gene, and in turn influence the growth. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in the GHR gene receptors affect the morphology of the maxillomandibular skeleton. This article is a review about the polymorphisms of the GHR gene which affect the facial skeletal pattern.
Anatomical importance of mental foramen for skeletal anchorage
Authors: Baais Akhoon Abdul , Mushtaq Mohammad , Zameer Syed
Published: September 2020

Mental foramen is an important anatomical landmark in dentistry and its knowledge is very important because it transfers the mental nerve and vessels. Mini-implants are widely used nowadays in orthodontics for skeletal anchorage. Morphometric evaluation of mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography will help in safe placement of mini-implants and temporary anchorage devices without encroaching upon the foramen. The aim of this research was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen using CBCT in dentate adult Kashmiri population. Thirty one cone beam computed tomography were studied to analyze the shape, position and distance of mental foramen.The purpose of this study was to use existing Cone Beam Computed Tomography images to determine the vertical and horizontal location of the mental foramen in relation to the mandibular first and second premolars, and the distance in millimeters from the apex of each. The distance from the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible was also recorded.

The average distance from the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars to the mental foramen was 5.61mm (SD= 2.09) and 5.97mm (SD=2.33), respectively. The foramen was located 10.11mm (SD=2.33) from the inferior border of the mandible. The most common horizontal position of the foramen was in between mandibular first and second premolar (38.7%). The mental foramen was further away from the inferior border of the mandible in males and older patients.

Statistical analysis showed no significant differences regarding age group and the gender. It was found that the most common variation of mental foramen was round shape (67.7%). An accessory mental foramen was detected in 3.2% of the analyzed population.
A comparitive evaluation of the shear bond strength of Er:YAG laser ablation on enamel at 3 different power outputs with that of onventional acid etching technique - An invitro study
Authors: S Nair Anjana , Kumar P Anil , S Nair Amal
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to determine whether bonding of stainless steel orthodontic brackets to tooth enamel prepared by laser etching would result in a similar bonding capability as those prepared by acid etching using 37 % phosphoric acid; and also to compare the shear bond strength.

Eighty four samples were prepared for the study. The 4 groups were Group 1- The enamel was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid, Group 2- Er: YAG laser etching was done at 1W power output, Group 3- Er: YAG laser etching was done at 2W power output and Group 4- Er:YAG laser etching was done at 3W power output. All groups have 20 teeth for shear bond strength testing and one tooth for SEM evaluation. Shear bond strength testing was performed on all teeth using Instron universal testing machine.

Analysis of the variance indicated a significant difference (P < 0.005) among the groups. Maximum shear bond strength was shown by laser etching at 2 W to the tooth surface for 15 seconds in compared to conventional acid etching. In this study the highest shear bond strength was found in the 2-W laser etched group (16.09±0.42) MPa, followed by the 1-W laser etched group (12.62± 0.35) MPa, 3-W laser etched group( 12.01±0.31) MPa and acid etched group.(6.42±0.32)MPa.

The results showed that at that laser etching at 2 W to the tooth surface for 15 seconds had statistically significant higher shear bond strength in comparison to conventional 37% phosphoric acid technique. The use of increasing the laser power output more than 2 W did not significantly increase the bond strength. The shear bond strength of all the three Laser etched groups was clinically acceptable. Enamel etching with Er: YAG Laser (2W for 15 seconds) produced maximum bond strength than acid etching and could be a viable alternative method.
Interdisiplinary collaboration of orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery for the correction of severe class III skeletal pattern in an adult male with an hapsburg jaw - A case report on surgical orthodontics
Authors: Rodrigues Lishoy , Jawale Bhushan , B Garde J , Belludi Anup , Patil Anand
Published: September 2020

This case report, aims to present a combined orthodontic and surgical approach in the treatment of an adult male patient with skeletal class III malocclusion with an Hapsburg jaw. The malocclusion was decompensated by pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and then normal jaw relationship was achieved by Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy Setback followed by debonding after 4 months. The treatment lasted for over 14months, it improved facial esthetics and profile of the patient significantly and resulted in a normal occlusion, overjet, and overbite and a pleasant smile.
Single phase correction of tongue thrust habit alongside fixed orthodontic treatment for closure of spaced dentition and midline diastema in a male patient with class I malocclusion without need for a two phase appliance therapy - A case report
Authors: Rodrigues Lishoy , Jawale Bhushan , Kadam Aljeeta , Rajani Priyal
Published: September 2020

Maxillary midline diastema is one of the most frequently encountered esthetic problems in mixed and permanent dentition. Several causes have been attributed to the midline diastema, including developmental, pathologic or iatrogenic. It can also be seen as a transient malocclusion in which case any intervention is contraindicated. A wide range of possible treatments like restorative procedures, composite build up, surgeries (frenectomies) can be done, based on etiology. Thus, correct diagnosis of etiology and specific early intervention plays a major role in deciding the treatment plan.Class I malocclusion is one of the most common problems around the globe affecting around one-third of the patients who come for orthodontic treatment. This case report evaluates the management of Class I malocclusion with spaced dentition and a tongue thrusting habit in a male patient with the help of a single phase appliance therapy without the need for 2 phase correction, i.e, 1st the correction of tongue thrusting with the help of a habit breaking appliance followed by Fixed appliance therapy with braces. This modality not only saves time, but also promotes faster habit breaking as intervention is done in the earlier stages of life when the patient is still growing. Severe maxillar incisor proclination with a convex Orthognthic facial profile, increased mandibular plane angle, incompetent lips and increased overjet was observed on clinical and cephalometric analysis. Orthodontic treatment resulted in a marked improvement of the patient’s smile and a remarkable increase in self-confidence and quality of life. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy.
Rhinoplasty, septoplasty and genioplasty with fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy for non-surgical correction of a patient with “Long face syndrome” Having a class III malocclusion on a class II skeletal jaw base - A case report
Authors: Rodrigues Lishoy , Jawale Bhushan , Shinde Kiran , Kangane Suresh , Hattarki Rohan
Published: September 2020

This case report emphasizes on the management of a male patient having a Long Face Syndrome and a unique malocclusion with a Class III dental malocclusion over a Class II Skeletal Base. This patient showed the presence of an increased lower anterior facial height with the chin deviated slightly towards the left. The patient also complained of difficulty in breathing and presented with a history of Deviated Nasal septum and Nasal Polyps. This case was corrected non surgically merely by employing simple mechanics with the help of Fixed Orthodontic Mechanotherapy by extracting both the mandibular 1 premolars followed by retraction and closure of spaces. After Orthodontic treatment was completed, a Septoplasty was performed to correct the deviated nasal septum and the nasal polyp was excised thus addressing the difficulty in breathing experienced by the patient. Both Septoplasty and Polyp removal were performed using Non Invasive FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery). This was followed by Rhinoplasty for correction of nasal contour of the patient. Lastly, 2 types of Genioplasties were performed to correct the backwardly positioned chin, to reduce the vertical height of the chin and also to correct the deviated chin position. Following fixed orthodontic treatment and minor surgical procedures, marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and lip competence were achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy. The Long Face of the patient was corrected merely by minor elective surgical procedures, thus eliminating the need for a major surgery. Total treatment duration was 18 months.
Treating the tongue thrusting: A case report
Authors: Bansal Karan , Aggarwal Neha , P Bansal B
Published: September 2020

Presence of an infantile swallow during childhood and adolescence often leads to tongue thrusting which clinically presents a picture of an anterior open bite with protruted of anterior tooth segment. Tongue thrusting habit is the primary etiological factor in the development of an anterior open bite. Management of such abnormal habit includes removal of the underlying etiology, retraining exercises along with the support of mechanical restrictive orthodontic appliances. Palatal crib or palatal spurs are the most commonly used habit-breaking appliances. This case report discusses a case with anterior open bite caused due to tongue thrusting with dental proclination and spacing which was treated by a fixed tongue appliance in the form of a palatal crib for three months, which was followed up regularly in subsequent months.
An assessment of common concerns of 2nd year post graduate students pursuing M.D.S In orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, due to the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Lishoy Rodrigues , Bhushan Jawale , Vanessa Varghese , Hidhaya S Kathijathul , Rashi Lalwani
Published: September 2020

The fight against the novel coronavirus and the disruption in our daily routine and practise due to lockdown has been mentally exhausting especially for ambitious students pursuing higher studies. The lockdown period came in suddenly giving no chance to be prepared for the worst. Post-graduate students of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics could be badly hit by this lockdown period disrupting the entire treatment course of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, which needs monthly visits to the orthodontist.

To understand the concerns of the students pursuing MDS in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics about their work, academics and the effect of the lockdown on their future, we performed a questionnaire study. The Questionnaire was circulated to 110 Post graduate students pursuing MDS in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics who were currently in the 2nd year of their Post graduate training program.

In the present study it was found that around 61.3% of participants panicked about the workload of patients they possibly might have to deal with once college resumed and 29% students were worried about the risk of contracting the infection after resuming to work after the lockdown is lifted. Additionally, around 68.4 & 73.6% students were insecure about the completion of their undergoing cases and thesis till the end of the term respectively and around half of the students were worried that the patients may not turn up for the exam due to the lapse in treatment. A small proportion of students (15.8%) are apprehensive of being homesick after college resumes.

Covid-19 lockdown has definitely affected post-graduate students creating a lot of confusion and apprehension in their minds regarding the pending cases and academic work. The uncertainty to cope with it, is still the question left unanswered.
Performance Analysis of Micro-Grid Based On Measurement and Processing Different Electrical Quantities
Authors: Mizher Baht Ihsan , Nicolae Petre-Marian , Bahat Nameer
Published: September 2020

To change the electrical power system from conventional system or existing system to micro grid one needs to check the performance of this system and analyze all parameters. Actually the power grid consists of three essentials parts that are generation, transmutation line and distributions system. Among all parts feeders, transformers and some of electronics parts are to improve the voltage drop or decrease the active power losses and interfaces between two systems. The main advantage of the micro grid is integration of the renewable energy recourses into the power grid through transmutation line or distribution system, but before integration one needs to check and evaluate all parameters of the system (cable, transformers, load flow, losses, etc.). and find out how to improve them . This paper consists of three parts: the first part is introduction about important parameters in the power grid, the Second part analyzes system from IEC standers by using MATLAB software and discuss on the result of these systems. as well as it involves an idea of how to improve it by using the Newton Raphson method. The third part is about power quality analysis and effect of the harmonics on the current and voltage wave form.
Assessment of Investment Activity in the Regions
Authors: Leizerovich Krichevsky Mikhail
Published: September 2020

This article presents the results of using machine learning methods to evaluate the investment activity of various Russian regions. The task was considered from two points of view: obtaining information about the class to which a particular region belongs, and forming a quantitative estimate of the investment activity of the regions. In the first case, the solution was obtained with the help of a neural network system implemented in the MatLab 2018b. In the second case, a hybrid system ANFIS was used, making it possible to generate a quantitative estimate of investment activity.
Assessment of Antiplaque and Anti-gingivitis Efficacy of Mouthwashes Prepared from Neem and Mango Extracts
Authors: Dandekar Nikita V , Winnier J Jasmin
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mouthwashes prepared from neem and mango extracts against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in vitro. Their taste acceptability and effects on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and salivary pH were also evaluated and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) in children.
Materials and Methods: Dry extracts of neem and mango twigs were prepared and their MIC against S. mutans was determined. The effective MIC was used to prepare mouthwashes from the two extracts. Three parallel groups of children (n=30) used either neem, mango or 0.2% CHX mouthwash for 21 days. The PI and GI were recorded at baseline and at 7 and 21 days. The salivary pH and taste acceptability were also assessed.
Results: The MIC of both extracts was achieved at 25% concentration. There was a significant difference between the GI score of mango group compared with neem and CHX at the three time points (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the neem and mango groups in PI (P=0.674). There was no significant difference among the three groups in salivary pH either (P=0.817). Intragroup comparison showed significant reductions in PI, GI and salivary pH in all the three groups after 21 days (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Neem and mango mouthwashes can be used as effective alternatives to CHX in children.
Effect of Direct Composite and Indirect Ceramic Onlay Restorations on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars
Authors: Kazemi Yazdi Haleh , Sohrabi Niusha , Nasser Mostofi Shahbaz
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Fracture of endodontically treated restored teeth is a common concern. Premolars are subjected to high shear and tensile forces. This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance and fracture mode of endodontically treated premolars restored with direct and indirect onlay restorations.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, 45 human maxillary premolars were divided into three groups (n=15) of control (sound teeth), direct onlay, and indirect onlay. In groups 2 and 3, the teeth underwent endodontic treatment. Mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared and restored with direct composite (P60) and indirect IPS e.max ceramic onlays, respectively. The teeth were subjected to vertical forces after cyclic loading. The maximum load causing fracture was recorded in Newtons. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, chi-square test, and Tukey’s test.
Results: The highest and the lowest fracture resistances were noted in sound teeth and direct onlay restorations, respectively. The difference in fracture resistance was significant among the three groups (P<0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed a significant difference in the fracture resistance of sound teeth and the two restoration groups (P<0.001). However, the difference in the fracture resistance of direct and indirect onlay restorations was not significant (P=0.6). Chi-square test showed a significantly higher frequency of irreparable fractures in the indirect onlay group (P=0.005).
Conclusion: Direct and indirect onlay restorations were not significantly different in terms of the fracture resistance but the frequency of irreparable fractures was higher in indirect restorations.
Prevalence of Ocular Complications in Patients with Zygomatic Bone Fractures in an Iranian Population
Authors: Mahmood Hashemi Hamid , Karimi Avval Sarvenaz
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Damages to the middle third of the facial bone generally involve the orbital skeleton and can lead to eye impairment. In this study, it is attempted to determine the incidence of ophthalmic injuries in maxillofacial trauma with zygomatic bone fractures.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen cases with ophthalmic (ocular) involvement after maxillofacial trauma were referred to the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, and were visited at the Ophthalmology Department between 2016 and 2018. Zygomatic fractures and resulting ocular complications were evaluated in 87 males and 28 females with the mean ages of 26 and 32 years, respectively.
Results: Subconjunctival ecchymosis was detected in 23.07% of men and 21.05% of women. Displacement of the palpebral fissure was detected in 26.5% of men and 27.6% of women. Furthermore, the unequal pupillary level was observed in 18.37% of men and 15.78% of women. Diplopia was detected in 8.9% of men and 10.5% of women. Additionally, enophthalmos was observed in 23.1% of men and 25% of women.
Conclusion: The most common ocular presentations in midfacial trauma are diplopia and reduced visual acuity. Even after the operation, a significant number of patients experience poor vision and diplopia. Ophthalmology consultation is essential for these patients.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Augments Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Induced Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cell Culture Model
Authors: M.F. El-Baz Lamis , M. Shoukry Nahla , Hafez Hani S. , Guzy Robert D. , Salem Mohamed Labib
Published: September 2020

Impaired lung epithelial cell regeneration following injury may contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in embryonic development, wound healing following injury, and even cancer progression. Previous studies have shown that the combination of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) induces EMT during cancer metastasis. However, this synergy remains to be elucidated in inducing EMT associated with wound healing after injury. We set out this study to determine the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on TGFβ1-induced EMT in the human lung epithelium. BEAS-2B and A549 cells were treated with TGFβ1, FGF2, or both. EMT phenotype was investigated morphologically and by measuring mRNA expression levels; using quantitative real-time PCR. E-cadherin expression was assayed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was confirmed using a wound-healing assay. TGFβ1 induced a morphological change and a significant increase in cell migration of BEAS-2B cells. TGFβ1 significantly reduced E-cadherin (CDH1) mRNA expression and markedly induced expression of N-cadherin (CDH2), tenascin C (TNC), fibronectin (FN), actin alpha 2 (ACTA2), and collagen I (COL1A1). While FGF2 alone did not significantly alter EMT gene expression, it enhanced TGFβ1-induced suppression of CDH1 and upregulation of ACTA2, but not TNC, FN, and CDH2. FGF2 significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced COL1A1 expression. Furthermore, FGF2 maintained TGFβ1-induced morphologic changes and increased the migration of TGFβ1-treated cells. This study suggests a synergistic effect between TGFβ1 and FGF2 in inducing EMT in lung epithelial cells, which may play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair after injury.
Association between Two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Gene and Asthma in Iranian Population
Authors: Ranjbar Maral , Matloubi Mojdeh , Assarehzadegan Mohammad-Ali , Fallahpour Morteza , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Soleyman-Jahi Saeed , Janani Leila
Published: September 2020

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine similar to IL-7, which is released by airway epithelial cells in response to injury and inflammation. Current literature is contradictory about the association between different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TSLP gene and asthma development in different countries. We aimed to evaluate the association between two common TSLP SNPs (rs2289276 and rs2289278) and the risk of asthma in the Iranian population. Genotyping of the TSLP gene was performed in 126 adult asthmatic patients and 300 controls; using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Moreover, total serum IgE level and eosinophil count were assessed. The results indicated that the TT genotype of rs2289276 was inversely associated with the risk of asthma (p=0.002). A similar inverse association was detected in subgroups of atopic (p=0.001) and non-atopic (p=0.005) asthma. Moreover, the TT genotype of this SNP was more prevalent in severe and late-onset categories of asthma. In subgroup analysis, a significant sex-specific association between rs2290276 and asthma was observed in women (p=0.004). The prevalence of rs2289276 was extremely low, which made it infeasible to perform any further analysis. Overall, our findings indicated that rs2290276 SNP of the TSLP gene has a protective phenotype against asthma development in the Iranian population.
Enhancement of Anti-allergic Effect of Diethylcarbamazine Citrate in Asthmatic Mouse Model: Testing of Anti-drug Antibodies and Querceti
Authors: Abdul-Razek Nosibah , El-Mallah Al-Mahy M. , A Abuelsaad Abdelaziz S. , Abdel-Latif Mahmoud
Published: September 2020

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) is known as an effective treatment for bronchial asthma because of its ability to reduce eosinophil trafficking to the lung tissue. The current study aimed to potentiate the anti-allergic effect of the drug by passive immunization of the asthmatic model with anti-DEC antibody or prior treatment with quercetin (Qur). Eight mice groups were categorized into control, the model of lung asthma, treated with DEC, passively immunized with anti(α)-bovine serum albumin Ab, anti-DEC Ab, prior exposure to 10, 20, or 40 mg Qur/Kg. b.wt. Both eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and eotaxin2 in the lung tissues were performed. Serum levels of cytokines, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) IgE, rabbit anti-bovine serum albumin (anti-BSA), and DEC IgG in lung tissue homogenates were assayed by ELISA. Regarding the effect of anti-DEC Ab and Qur on DEC-induced recovery of histopathological alterations showed that the Ova group had peri-bronchial hyperplasia, mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, thickening in the wall of alveoli, and congested blood vessels. However, the reduction of inflammatory cells and thickened alveolar walls was dependent on the Qur dose. Qur40 enhanced the anti-allergic effect of DEC. Moreover, the present data revealed high levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and IgE in the Ova group. An increased leukocyte infiltration/thickening of the alveolar wall and lung tissue EPO/eotaxin2 were also observed. Qur-40 could show an enhancement effect on DEC for the reduction of IL-4, IL-5, IgE, EPO, and eotaxin 2. Consequently, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was increased. Qur at 40 mg/Kg could be recommended to enhance the DEC effect suggesting a novel approach for treatment.
The Relaxant Effect of Plantago Major on Rat Tracheal Smooth Muscles and Its Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Boskabadi Javad , Saadat Saeideh , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible mechanisms of the relaxant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Plantago major (P. major) on tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) in rats. The effects of cumulative concentrations of P. major (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/mL) and theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) were evaluated on pre-contracted TSM with 10 µΜ methacholine or 60 mM KCl. To determine the possible mechanisms, the relaxant effect of the plant was also examined on incubated TSM with atropine, indomethacin, chlorpheniramine, glibenclamide, diltiazem, papaverine, and propranolol. The results indicated concentration-dependent relaxant effects for P. major in nonincubated TSM contracted by methacholine or KCl. There was no statistically significant difference in the relaxant effects of P. major between non-incubated and incubated tissues with indomethacin, papaverine, and propranolol. However, the relaxant effects of P. major in incubated tissue with atropine (p<0.01 to p<0.001), chlorpheniramine (p<0.05 to p<0.001), glibenclamide (p<0.05), and diltiazem (p<0.01) were significantly lower than non-incubated TSM. P. major indicated relatively potent relaxant effects which were lower than those of theophylline. Muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors inhibition, as well as calcium channel blocking and potassium channel opening effects are suggested to contribute to the TSM relaxant effect of the plant.
Leucine-rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin 1 (LRIG1) Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1)/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Pathway
Authors: Zhan Wei , Liao Xin , Chen Zhongsheng , Li Lianghe , Tian Tian , Yu Lei , Li Rui
Published: September 2020

To detect the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin 1 (LRIG1) ameliorated liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via inhibiting sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) pathway. C57BL/6 male mice (eight weeks old) were intraperitoneal injection with 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as an in vivo model. The LX-2 cells were induced as amodel for in vitro study by TGF-β (10 ng/mL). The Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, and Sirius red staining results showed that CCl4 caused serious fibrosis and injury in liver tissue, high expression of type I collagen α1 chain (Col1α1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in liver tissue, while the LRIG1 expression level was significantly decreased in LX-2 cell lines. The LRIG1 ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, indicated by the fibronectin, α-SMA, LRIG1, SphK1, Col1α1, fibrin Connexin 1 (Fn1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression level changes. Similar results were observed in TGF-β1 treated of LX-2 cells. However, the effects were attenuated by treatment with LRIG1. Moreover, SphK1 inhibitors abrogated the effect of LRIG1 on fibrosis. These results demonstrated that LRIG1 improved liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via suppressing the SphK1/S1P pathway, indicating its potential use in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Investigating the Relationship between Serum Levels of Interleukin-22 and Interleukin-1 Beta with Febrile Seizure
Authors: Talebian Ahmad , Hassani Farzaneh , Nikoueinejad Hassan , Akbari Hossein
Published: September 2020

A febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure in young kids, which is not fully known. Inflammatory mediators can affect the pathogenesis of the disease. Considering the controversy about the impacts of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and the lack of a study on interleukin 22 (IL-22), the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between IL-22 and IL-1β serum levels with febrile seizure in young kids. Our case-control study has been conducted on 120 young kids aged 6-60 months with the sign of the fever. Rectal temperature was measured for allcases. Patients with febrile seizure (n=60) and patients with fever and without a seizure (n=60) were investigated as case and control groups, respectively. Serum levels of IL-22 and IL-1β were measured in all participants through the ELISA method. The serum level of IL-1β was significantly higher in the case group compared to the control group (p˂0.001), while there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of IL-22 (P=0.92). Unlike IL-1β (p≤0.021), IL-22 showed no difference between two groups according to some demographic and clinical features like gender, age group, family history of febrile seizure, family history of epilepsy, and evolutionary status (p>0.22). Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that, unlike IL-1β (p˂0.001), IL-22 does not change the chance of febrile seizure in the study groups (p=0.737). The findings of this study indicated that, unlike IL-1β, IL-22 has not any changes/effects in the febrile seizure.
Increased Expression of B Lymphocyte Induced Maturation Protein 1 (BLIMP1) in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Authors: Farrokhi Shockrollah , Abbasi-rad Faezeh , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Sherkat Roya , Yazdani Reza , Afshar-Ghasemlou Sanaz , Fekrvand Saba , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak
Published: September 2020

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by a failure in B cell differentiation, impaired immunoglobulin production, and defect in response to vaccines. As a result of defective B cell maturation and differentiation in CVID, the affected patients commonly present with reduced numbers of memory B cell and antibody-secreting plasma cells. B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL6) and B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) molecules are two important transcription factors that have key roles in the maturation of B cells to plasma cells. Hence, in the current survey, we aimed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL6 and BLIMP1 in B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood in CVID patients. We collected blood samples from 12 CVID patients and 12 healthy controls. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Ficoll density gradient separation. Then, CD19+ B cells were purified using MACS. The protein expression and transcriptional level of BCL6 and BLIMP1 were respectively measured using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Our results showed that the BLIMP1 mRNA expression, as well as BLIMP1 protein expression, were significantly higher in CVID patients compared to control subjects (p=0.009 and p=0.007, respectively). However, we found no significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of BCL6 between patients and healthy controls. According to our findings, increased mRNA and protein expression levels of BLIMP1 could be involved in defective maturation of B cells in patients with CVID and elucidate mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Aspirin Sensitivity in Patients with Moderate to Severe Asthma
Authors: Arshi Saba , Eslami Narges , Nabavi Mohammad , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Fallahpour Morteza , Shokri Sima , Ahmadian Javad , Molatefi Rasool , Darabi Kyan , Sedighi Golam Reza , Moinfar Zeinab , Darougar Sepideh
Published: September 2020

Asthma induced by ingestion of aspirin occurs when symptoms arise within 30 minutes to three hours after aspirin consumption. Previous data indicate that sensitivity to aspirin may be associated with poorly controlled asthma. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of aspirin sensitivity in patients with moderate to severe asthma receiving conventional asthma therapy. This clinical trial was conducted on 65 patients aged 18 to 65 years with moderate to severe asthma from February 2015 to February 2016 at the Allergy Department, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. To assess treatment responses in patients, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and asthma control test (ACT) scores were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The results of the oral aspirin challenge revealed a prevalence of 35.38% for sensitivity to aspirin. Hypersensitivity reactions to aspirin were detected in 60.9% of the patients with moderate asthma and 39.1% of the patients with severe asthma. All patients with positive aspirin challenge tests suffered from rhinosinusitis and in 56.5% of cases, history of previous hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was detected. No meaningful differences were found between those patients with aspirin sensitivity and those with aspirin tolerance neither in mean prebronchodilator FEV1 nor in ACT scores pre- and post-treatment. To conclude, aspirin sensitivity was not found to have an association with an unfavorable response to conventional treatment in patients with uncontrolled asthma.
Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Patients Referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital of Gerash City in 2018
Authors: Rezaee Elham , Kashfi Seyed Adnan , Bagheri Parisa
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common human infections seen in all age groups and both sexes. Inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection causes the resistance of the pathogens to the drug. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with urinary tract infection.
Materials and Methods: Samples were cultured on Blood Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue. Colonieschr('39') growth was identified by biochemical tests and standard microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity tests, which were performed with the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016 Standard.
Results and Conclusion: The isolated bacteria showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem (89.66%) and meropenem (87.21%) and the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (50.00%) and nalidixic acid (44.09%). So, using imipenem is recommended as the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of infection.
Vitamin E and Selenium Facilitate the Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of the Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
Authors: Javadi Zeynab , Khoshdel Alireza , Fahmidehkar Mohammad Ali , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Mirzaei Mohammad Reza , Akyash Fatemeh , Aflatoonian Behrouz
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Previous studies have shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells are one of the sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the capacity to differentiate into various mesodermal cell lineages. MSCs with cytokines secretion capability, which contributes to repair damaged tissues have gained wide credence for future cell-based therapeutic applications. In this study, the effect of the different dosages of vitamin E and Selenium was assessed on the stemness of the human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs).
Materials and Methods: Following 24 hours of cell treatments with different dosages of vitamin E and Selenium, MTT assay was used to assess the effect of them on cell proliferation. Moreover, the stemness of the AD-MSCs was assessed using osteogenic and adipogenic induction medium supplemented with the different dosages of the vitamin E and Selenium. Finally, Alizarin red and Oil-red O staining were performed to detect matrix mineralization and lipid droplet accumulation, respectively.
Results: MTT data revealed that the optimal concentration for vitamin E and Selenium were 125 µM and 121 µM for the viability of the AD-MSCs. Moreover, the effect of vitamin E and Selenium were assessed by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by optimal dosages obtained by MTT assay, respectively. Maximum mineralization and lipid droplet aggregation of the differentiated cells were detected at IC50 in comparison with the control group.
Conclusions: These results suggest that different dosages of vitamin E and Selenium could have various impacts on the proliferation and differentiation induction of human AD-MSCs.
Determination of NRF2 and GSTM1 Expression and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress on Smoking and Nonsmoking Sperm: A Pilot study
Authors: Bidram Nasim , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir , Javadi Iraj , Tabatabaei Seyedmahdi
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Smoking has an influence on different semen parameters. It is regarded as a risk factor for infertility. This study aims to evaluate the effect of smoking cigarettes on the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) genes and biomarkers of oxidative stress in sperm.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 15 men smoker (case) and 15 men nonsmokers (control) who had referred to infertility clinics in Isfahan, Iran. After sampling and analysis of semen quality parameters, gene expression of NRF2 and GSTM1 was determined using a Real time-polymerase chain reaction instrument. The lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated by colorimetric methods.
Results: Sperm concentration and their progressive motility in smokers were significantly lower than the nonsmoker population (p<0.001). In addition, the lipid peroxidation level increased and TAC level (p<0.01) as well as gene expression of NRF2 (p<0.05) and GSTM1 (p<0.01) decreased compared to control groups.
Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that the NRF2 and GSMT1 expressions are significantly lower in human males with low sperm motility and correlated with specific sperm quality parameters.
Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pylori and IceA Genes Frequency from Dental Plaques Isolated from People Using PCR Method
Authors: Salari Zahra , Ranjkesh Atefeh , Behboudi Emad
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped flagellated bacterium that is urease, catalase and oxidase positive. One of its pathogenicity factors is the iceA gene. H. pylori has recently been recognized as a genetic indicator for the development and evolution of duodenal ulcer disease in the East. This study aimed to determine the presence of this bacterium in gingival plaques in non-endocrine patients in Bojnourd city, and the polymerase chain reaction technique examined the percentage of iceA gene.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 samples of dental plaque were taken and transferred to a tube that has been physiologically placed. After DNA extraction, primer design was performed, and then the polymerase chain reaction was performed for the whole sample.
Results: Of 100 samples examined in this study, two samples of H. pylori were positive (2%), and the frequency of the iceA gene of two samples was positive (100%).
Conclusion: In the Bojnord city, the frequency of iceA gene in people is high, and the frequency of H. pylori in tooth plaques is low. Also, iceA gene can be considered as an indicator for predicting the contamination and risk of H. pylori infection in the region. To confirm the results, more molecular studies are required in other populations.