bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bathy-Drone: An Autonomous Uncrewed Drone-Tethered Sonar System
Authors: Diaz Antonio L. , Ortega Andrew E. , Tingle Henry , Pulido Andres , Cordero Orlando , Nelson Marisa , Cocoves Nicholas E. , Shin Jaejeong , Carthy Raymond R. , Wilkinson Benjamin E. , Ifju Peter G.
Published: October 2022

A unique drone-based system for underwater mapping (bathymetry) was developed at the University of Florida. The system, called the “Bathy-drone”, comprises a drone that drags, via a tether, a small vessel on the water surface in a raster pattern. The vessel is equipped with a recreational commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sonar unit that has down-scan, side-scan, and chirp capabilities and logs GPS-referenced sonar data onboard or transmitted in real time with a telemetry link. Data can then be retrieved post mission and plotted in various ways. The system provides both isobaths and contours of bottom hardness. Extensive testing of the system was conducted on a 5 acre pond located at the University of Florida Plant Science and Education Unit in Citra, FL. Prior to performing scans of the pond, ground-truth data were acquired with an RTK GNSS unit on a pole to precisely measure the location of the bottom at over 300 locations. An assessment of the accuracy and resolution of the system was performed by comparison to the ground-truth data. The pond ground truth had an average depth of 2.30 m while the Bathy-drone measured an average 21.6 cm deeper than the ground truth, repeatable to within 2.6 cm. The results justify integration of RTK and IMU corrections. During testing, it was found that there are numerous advantages of the Bathy-drone system compared to conventional methods including ease of implementation and the ability to initiate surveys from the land by flying the system to the water or placing the platform in the water. The system is also inexpensive, lightweight, and low-volume, thus making transport convenient. The Bathy-drone can collect data at speeds of 0–24 km/h (0–15 mph) and, thus, can be used in waters with swift currents. Additionally, there are no propellers or control surfaces underwater; hence, the vessel does not tend to snag on floating vegetation and can be dragged over sandbars. An area of more than 10 acres was surveyed using the Bathy-drone in one battery charge and in less than 25 min.
Kinetic Theory and Memory Effects of Homogeneous Inelastic Granular Gases under Nonlinear Drag
Authors: Megías Alberto , Santos Andrés
Published: October 2022

We study a dilute granular gas immersed in a thermal bath made of smaller particles with masses not much smaller than the granular ones in this work. Granular particles are assumed to have inelastic and hard interactions, losing energy in collisions as accounted by a constant coefficient of normal restitution. The interaction with the thermal bath is modeled by a nonlinear drag force plus a white-noise stochastic force. The kinetic theory for this system is described by an Enskog–Fokker–Planck equation for the one-particle velocity distribution function. To get explicit results of the temperature aging and steady states, Maxwellian and first Sonine approximations are developed. The latter takes into account the coupling of the excess kurtosis with the temperature. Theoretical predictions are compared with direct simulation Monte Carlo and event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. While good results for the granular temperature are obtained from the Maxwellian approximation, a much better agreement, especially as inelasticity and drag nonlinearity increase, is found when using the first Sonine approximation. The latter approximation is, additionally, crucial to account for memory effects such as Mpemba and Kovacs-like ones.
Correction: Krause et al. Higher Order Thinking by Setting and Debriefing Tasks in Dutch Geography Lessons. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12, 11–27
Authors: Krause Uwe , Béneker Tine , van Tartwijk Jan
Published: October 2022

In the original publication [...]
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Cold Water Phase-Change Heat Exchangers under Active Icing Conditions
Authors: Liu Changqing , Wu Ronghua , Yu Hao , Zhan Hao , Xu Long
Published: October 2022

Under active icing conditions, the heat transfer performance of the CPHE has a significant impact on the system’s efficiency and energy consumption. Using the enthalpy-porosity method for describing the solidification process of liquids, the simulation and analysis of the effects of different parameter changes on the CPHE heat transfer performance were conducted to clarify the effects of the changes in the intermediary side inlet water temperature, intermediate water flow rate, and cold water flow rate on the heat transfer process in the CPHE. According to our results, changing the intermediary inlet water temperature has a greater impact on the heat transfer process in the cold-water phase-change heat exchangers. For every decrease of 0.5 °C in the intermediary side inlet water temperature, the average heat transfer coefficient increases by approximately 50 W/m2-K. Changes in the intermediary water flow rate affect the cold water phase-change heat exchanger’s heat transfer process. By increasing the intermediary water flow rate, the average heat transfer coefficient of a cold water phase-change heat exchanger can be improved, but the growth decreases, and the maximum flow rate of the intermediary water should not exceed 0.5 m per second. A change in the cold water flow rate in the cold water phase-change heat exchanger’s heat transfer process has a small impact on the cold water flow rate, increasing by 0.02 m/s each, with the average heat transfer coefficient increasing by 20 W/m2-K.
Halogen Hybrid Flow Batteries Advances for Stationary Chemical Power Sources Technologies
Authors: Antipov Anatoly , Pichugov Roman , Abunaeva Lilia , Tong Shengfu , Petrov Mikhail , Pustovalova Alla , Speshilov Ivan , Kartashova Natalia , Loktionov Pavel , Modestov Alexander , Glazkov Artem
Published: October 2022

This review aims to highlight the current advances in hybrid redox flow battery (HRFB) technology, encompassing one of the best combinations of efficiency, cost and flexibility due to its module construction, which offers independent scaling of power density and energy capacity. This work emphasizes the interest of the scientific community both in (i) studying the properties and principles of HRFB operation in order to improve commonly proposed systems, and in (ii) the development of energy storage devices with new reagent types or RFB concepts. The data provided enhances the reader to conclude whether novel concepts in halogen oxidizers utilization could help to overcome the problem of insufficient power and energy densities of common RFB.
Development of Monitoring and Forecasting Technology Energy Efficiency of Well Drilling Using Mechanical Specific Energy
Authors: Kunshin Andrey , Dvoynikov Mikhail , Timashev Eduard , Starikov Vitaly
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the development of technology for improving the efficiency of directional well drilling by predicting and adjusting the system of static and dynamic components of the actual weight on the bit, based on the real-time data interpretation from telemetry sensors of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). Studies of the petrophysical and geomechanical properties of rock samples were carried out. Based on fourth strength theory and the Palmgren–Miner fatigue stress theory, the mathematical model for prediction of effective distribution of mechanical specific energy, using machine learning methods while drilling, was developed. An algorithm was set for evaluation and estimation of effective destruction of rock by comparing petrophysical data in the well section and predicting the shock impulse of the bit. Based on the theory provided, it is assumed that the given shock impulse is an actual representation of an excessive energy, conveyed to BHA. This excessive energy was quantitively determined and expressed as an adjusting coefficient for optimal weight on bit. The developed mathematical and predictive model helps to identify the presence of ineffective rock destruction and adjust drilling regime accordingly. Several well drilling datasets from the North Sea were analyzed. The effectiveness of the developed mathematical model and algorithms was confirmed by testing well drilling data.
Study on Influential Mechanism of Trailing Edge Sweep Angle on Aerodynamic Noise of a Centrifugal Air Compressor
Authors: Sun Shizhong , Feng Yiwei , Xing Ziwen , Zhou Minglong , Chen Wenqing , Wang Chuang , Cui Hanyang
Published: October 2022

As the main noise source in the hydrogen fuel cell system, the noise level of the centrifugal air compressor greatly affects the comfort of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and can be effectively reduced by optimizing the trailing edge sweep angle of the blade. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics model was used to study the influence of the trailing edge sweep angle on the aerodynamic performance and flow characteristics of a centrifugal air compressor for vehicle fuel cells. The Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation and the computational fluid dynamics–boundary element coupling method were adopted to calculate the dipole source strength on the surface of the blade and the radiated aerodynamic noise, respectively, under the different trailing edge sweep angles. The results showed that the trailing edge sweep could lead to an increase in pressure ratio as well as isentropic efficiency, and a decrease in the intensity of flow separation. Meanwhile, the sound pressure level of the compressor under each working condition could be effectively reduced by the trailing edge sweep. When the rotation speed was 80,000 r·min−1 and the blade trailing edge sweep angle was 15°, the sound pressure level of the radiated aerodynamic noise was 5.8 dBA lower than that without sweep.
SARS, MERS and COVID-19-Associated Renal Pathology
Authors: Popov Hristo , Stoyanov George S. , Petkova Lilyana , Stoyanov Dimo , Ivanov Martin , Tonchev Anton B.
Published: October 2022

Coronaviruses are a large group of RNA viruses, the most notable representatives of which are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Human coronavirus infections were first documented in the 1960s, when members causing seasonal common colds were successfully replicated in human embryonal trachea and kidney cell cultures and classified based on electron microscopy. The history of coronaviruses stretched far back to that point, however, with some representatives causing disease in animals identified several decades prior and evolutionary data pointing towards the origin of this viral group more than 55 million years ago. In the short time period of research since they were discovered, coronaviruses have shown significant diversity, genetic peculiarities and varying tropism, resulting in the three identified causative agents of severe disease in humans—SARS, MERS and the most recent one, COVID-19, which has surpassed the previous two due to causing a pandemic resulting in significant healthcare, social and political consequences. Coronaviruses are likely to have caused pandemics long before, such as the so-called Asian or Russian influenza. Despite being epitheliotropic viruses and predominantly affecting the respiratory system, these entities affect multiple systems and organs, including the kidneys. In the kidneys, they actively replicate in glomerular podocytes and epithelial cells of the tubules, resulting in acute kidney injury, seen in a significant percentage of severe and fatal cases. Furthermore, the endothelial affinity of the viruses, resulting in endotheliitis, increases the likelihood of thrombotic microangiopathy, damaging the kidneys in a two-hit mechanism. As such, recently, COVAN has been a suggested nomenclature change indicating renal involvement in coronavirus infections and its long-lasting consequences.
Skin Mucus Proteome Analysis Reveals Disease-Resistant Biomarker Signatures in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) against Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Nurhikmah  , Christianus Annie , Wan Solahudin Wan Mohd Syazwan , Lau Benjamin Yii Chung , Ismail Intan Safinar , Fei Low Chen
Published: October 2022

Fish skin mucus is the first line of defense that provides physical and chemical barriers against pathogens and toxins. The mucus is produced continuously and sloughed off regularly from the skin to defend against infections through the skin. However, the molecular properties of the mucus content that prevent pathogen invasion are yet to be fully understood. In this study, a proteomic approach using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) was applied to explore the changes in the mucus protein content of resistant and susceptible groupers in response to Vibrio alginolyticus. The Vibrio-resistant groupers showed no observable clinical sign of infection after the immersion challenge, while the Vibrio-susceptible groupers presented either hemorrhagic- or non-hemorrhagic ulceration of the skin. A comparative proteome analysis on the mucus samples yielded 1488 identified proteins. The immune-related proteins, namely Cystatin B, Complement Component C6, Complement factor 1, Allograft inflammatory factor 1, Deleted in malignant brain tumors protein, MHC class 1 and Annexin A1, that were significantly abundant in the resistant group responded to V. alginolyticus infection. Interestingly, there was an expression of immune-related proteins that possibly could be the non-invasive biomarkers, namely 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 and L-rhamnose-binding lectin SML.
The Effect of Caputo Fractional Variable Difference Operator on a Discrete-Time Hopfield Neural Network with Non-Commensurate Order
Authors: Karoun Rabia Chaimaà , Ouannas Adel , Horani Mohammed Al , Grassi Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

In this work, we recall some definitions on fractional calculus with discrete-time. Then, we introduce a discrete-time Hopfield neural network (D.T.H.N.N) with non-commensurate fractional variable-order (V.O) for three neurons. After that, phase-plot portraits, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponents diagrams are employed to verify that the proposed discrete time Hopfield neural network with non-commensurate fractional variable order has chaotic behavior. Furthermore, we use the 0-1 test and C0 complexity algorithm to confirm and prove the results obtained about the presence of chaos. Finally, simulations are carried out in Matlab to illustrate the results.
Nemaline Myopathy in Brazilian Patients: Molecular and Clinical Characterization
Authors: Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana , Souza Lucas Santos , Yamamoto Guilherme L. , Belisario Marina , Lazar Monize , Campos Wilson , Pavanello Rita de Cassia M. , Zatz Mayana , Reed Umbertina , Zanoteli Edmar , Oliveira Acary Bulle , Lehtokari Vilma-Lotta , Casella Erasmo B. , Machado-Costa Marcela C. , Wallgren-Pettersson Carina , Laing Nigel G. , Nigro Vincenzo , Vainzof Mariz
Published: October 2022

Nemaline myopathy (NM), a structural congenital myopathy, presents a significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Here, we compiled molecular and clinical data of 30 Brazilian patients from 25 unrelated families. Next-generation sequencing was able to genetically classify all patients: sixteen families (64%) with mutation in NEB, five (20%) in ACTA1, two (8%) in KLHL40, and one in TPM2 (4%) and TPM3 (4%). In the NEB-related families, 25 different variants, 11 of them novel, were identified; splice site (10/25) and frame shift (9/25) mutations were the most common. Mutation c.24579 G>C was recurrent in three unrelated patients from the same region, suggesting a common ancestor. Clinically, the “typical” form was the more frequent and caused by mutations in the different NM genes. Phenotypic heterogeneity was observed among patients with mutations in the same gene. Respiratory involvement was very common and often out of proportion with limb weakness. Muscle MRI patterns showed variability within the forms and genes, which was related to the severity of the weakness. Considering the high frequency of NEB mutations and the complexity of this gene, NGS tools should be combined with CNV identification, especially in patients with a likely non-identified second mutation.
Plasma Campesterol Is Positively Associated with Carotid Plaques in Asymptomatic Subjects
Authors: Nunes Valéria Sutti , de Campos Edite Vieira Silva , Baracat Jamal , França Victor , Gomes Érica Ivana Lázaro , Coelho Raissa Peres , Nakandakare Edna Regina , Zago Vanessa Helena Souza , de Faria Eliana Cotta , Quintão Eder Carlos Rocha
Published: October 2022

Background: Increased cholesterol absorption and reduced synthesis are processes that have been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in a controversial way. However, most of the studies involving markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption include conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, which can be confounding factors. The present study aimed at investigating the relationships of plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, cIMT (carotid intima-media thickness), and the presence of carotid plaques in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 270 asymptomatic individuals and anthropometrical parameters, fasting plasma lipids, glucometabolic profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), markers of cholesterol synthesis (desmosterol and lathosterol), absorption (campesterol and sitosterol), cIMT, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. Results: Among the selected subjects aged between 19 and 75 years, 51% were females. Age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, and lathosterol/sitosterol ratios correlated positively with cIMT (p ≤ 0.05). Atherosclerotic plaques were present in 19% of the subjects. A direct association of carotid plaques with campesterol, OR = 1.71 (95% CI = 1.04–2.82, p ≤ 0.05) and inverse associations with both ratios lathosterol/campesterol, OR = 0.29 (CI = 0.11–0.80, p ≤ 0.05) and lathosterol/sitosterol, OR = 0.45 (CI = 0.22–0.95, p ≤ 0.05) were observed in univariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The findings suggested that campesterol may be associated with atherosclerotic plaques and the lathosterol/campesterol or sitosterol ratios suggested an inverse association. Furthermore, synthesis and absorption of cholesterol are inverse processes, and the absorption marker, campesterol, may reflect changes in body cholesterol homeostasis with atherogenic potential.
Saposin C, Key Regulator in the Alpha-Synuclein Degradation Mediated by Lysosome
Authors: Ruz Clara , Barrero Francisco J. , Pelegrina Javier , Bandrés-Ciga Sara , Vives Francisco , Duran Raquel
Published: October 2022

Lysosomal dysfunction has been proposed as one of the most important pathogenic molecular mechanisms in Parkinson disease (PD). The most significant evidence lies in the GBA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCase), considered the main genetic risk factor for sporadic PD. The loss of β-GCase activity results in the formation of α-synuclein deposits. The present study was aimed to determine the activity of the main lysosomal enzymes and the cofactors Prosaposin (PSAP) and Saposin C in PD and healthy controls, and their contribution to α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation. 42 PD patients and 37 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. We first analyzed the β-GCase, β-galactosidase (β-gal), β-hexosaminidase (Hex B) and Cathepsin D (CatD) activities in white blood cells. We also measured the GBA, β-GAL, β-HEX, CTSD, PSAP, Saposin C and α-Syn protein levels by Western-blot. We found a 20% reduced β-GCase and β-gal activities in PD patients compared to controls. PSAP and Saposin C protein levels were significantly lower in PD patients and correlated with increased levels of α-synuclein. CatD, in contrast, showed significantly increased activity and protein levels in PD patients compared to controls. Increased CTSD protein levels in PD patients correlated, intriguingly, with a higher concentration of α-Syn. Our findings suggest that lysosomal dysfunction in sporadic PD is due, at least in part, to an alteration in Saposin C derived from reduced PSAP levels. That would lead to a significant decrease in the β-GCase activity, resulting in the accumulation of α-syn. The accumulation of monohexosylceramides might act in favor of CTSD activation and, therefore, increase its enzymatic activity. The evaluation of lysosomal activity in the peripheral blood of patients is expected to be a promising approach to investigate pathological mechanisms and novel therapies aimed to restore the lysosomal function in sporadic PD.
Antiviral Compounds Screening Targeting HBx Protein of the Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Ma Yaojia , Nakamoto Shingo , Ao Junjie , Qiang Na , Kogure Tadayoshi , Ogawa Keita , Nakagawa Miyuki , Fujiwara Kisako , Iwanaga Terunao , Kojima Ryuta , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Koroki Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kanogawa Naoya , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kondo Takayuki , Nakagawa Ryo , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Muroyama Ryosuke , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya
Published: October 2022

A functional cure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or HB antigen loss is rarely achieved by nucleos(t)ide analogs which target viral polymerase. HBx protein is a regulatory protein associated with HBV replication. We thought to identify antiviral compounds targeting HBx protein by analyzing HBx binding activity. Recombinant GST-tagged HBx protein was applied on an FDA-approved drug library chip including 1018 compounds to determine binding affinity by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) using a PlexArray HT system. GST protein alone was used for control experiments. Candidate compounds were tested for anti-HBV activity as well as cell viability using HepG2.2.15.7 cells and HBV-infected human hepatocytes. Of the 1018 compounds screened, 24 compounds showed binding to HBx protein. Of the top 6 compounds with high affinity to HBx protein, tranilast was found to inhibit HBV replication without affecting cell viability using HepG2.2.15.7 cells. Tranilast also inhibited HBV infection using cultured human hepatocytes. Tranilast reduced HB antigen level dose-dependently. Overall, theSPRi screening assay identified novel drug candidates targeting HBx protein. Tranilast and its related compounds warrant further investigation for the treatment of HBV infection.
Carbon-Fibre/Metal-Matrix Composites: A Review
Authors: Mileiko Sergei
Published: October 2022

At present, most carbon fibres are used as reinforcement for polymers. Fabrication technologies for carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are now reaching a mature state that effectively replaces metals in various technical fields, including aerospace, sporting equipment, civil engineering, etc. However, there are many structures in which metal alloys cannot be replaced with CFRPs because of, firstly, the limited temperatures that plastics can survive, and secondly, the relatively low fracture toughness of CFRPs. This has led researchers to develop carbon-fibre/metal-matrix composites (CFMMCs), considering aluminium, titanium, and nickel alloys as potential matrix materials. The present paper presents a review of the corresponding results, focusing on those obtained in the current century.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation Reaction of Palladium-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Oxo-Centered Zirconium Complexes
Authors: Baimuratova Rose K. , Andreeva Anastasia V. , Uflyand Igor E. , Shilov Gennadii V. , Bukharbayeva Farida U. , Zharmagambetova Alima K. , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian I.
Published: October 2022

Metal-nanocluster-doped porous composite materials are attracting considerable research attention, due to their specific catalytic performance. Here we report a simple, cheap, and efficient strategy for the preparation of palladium hydrogenation catalysts based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It has been shown that the synthesis of Pd/MOF results in the formation of palladium nanoparticles uniformly fixed on the surface. The composition and structure of the resulting composites were studied using elemental analysis, DSC, TGA, XRD, TEM, and IR spectroscopy. Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8–12 nm were successfully confined in the UiO-type MOFs, and the obtained nanocomposites exhibited abundant porosity, high stability, and a large surface area. It has been shown that the resulting catalytic systems with high activity, selectivity, and stability reduce phenylacetylene and allyl alcohol to styrene and propanol, respectively, in liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions.
Preparation and Pore Structure of Energy-Storage Phosphorus Building Gypsum
Authors: Liao Shixiong , Ma Kun , Zhao Zhiman , Wu Lei , Liu Zhuo , Quan Sicheng
Published: October 2022

In this study, the pore structure of a hardened phosphorous building gypsum body was optimised by blending an air-entraining agent with the appropriate water–paste ratio. The response surface test was designed according to the test results of the hardened phosphorous building gypsum body treated with an air-entraining agent and an appropriate water–paste ratio. Moreover, the optimal process parameters were selected to prepare a porous phosphorous building gypsum skeleton, which was used as a paraffin carrier to prepare energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum. The results indicate that if the ratio of the air-entraining agent to the water–paste ratio is reasonable, the hardened body of phosphorous building gypsum can form a better pore structure. With the influx of paraffin, its accumulated pore volume and specific surface area decrease, and the pore size distribution is uniform. The paraffin completely occupies the pores, causing the compressive strength of energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum to be better than that of similar gypsum energy-storing materials. The heat energy further captured by energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum in the endothermic and exothermic stages is 28.19 J/g and 28.64 J/g, respectively, which can be used to prepare energy-saving building materials.
Effect of Biochar from Oat Hulls on the Physical Properties of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Martínez-Toledo Camila , Valdés-Vidal Gonzalo , Calabi-Floody Alejandra , González María Eugenia , Reyes-Ortiz Oscar
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar from oat hulls (BO) as a potential bio-modifier to improve the physical properties of conventional asphalt binder. The BO and asphalt binder were characterized by confocal (fluorescence) laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, an asphalt binder modification procedure was established and modifications with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of BO on the weight of the asphalt binder were evaluated, using a particle size < 75 µm. The physical properties of the evaluated modified asphalt binder with BO were: rotational viscosity in original and aged state, aging index, Fraass breaking point, softening point, penetration, penetration rate and storage stability. The results indicated that the BO has a porous structure, able to interact with the asphalt binder by C=O and C=C bonds. In addition, modification of the asphalt binder with BO increases the rotational viscosity related to high-temperature rutting resistance. The results obtained from the Fraass breaking point and softening point indicated that the use of BO extends the viscoelastic range of the asphalt binder. In addition, the evaluated modifications present low susceptibility to aging and good storage stability.
Influence of Anhydrite on the Properties and Microstructure of Aluminophosphate Cement
Authors: Ding Zhu , Chen Jiongchao , Zheng Shuqing , Hu Yue , Fang Yuan
Published: October 2022

Aluminophosphate cement (APC) is a new type of hydraulic cementitious material with many potential functions. Microscopic analysis techniques were used to study the effect of anhydrite on the performance and hydration process of APC under standard curing conditions. The results show that adding an appropriate amount of anhydrite promotes the hydration of APC. The highest compressive strength is reached at an anhydrite content of 15 wt.%. As the anhydrite content increases, the APC’s compressive strength decreases. The microscopic analysis of the hydration product morphology shows that the incorporation of anhydrite produces ettringite and other hydration products, improving the microstructure of the cement paste. The mercury intrusion porosimetry results show that the total porosity of the hardened APC paste decreases, and the microstructure becomes denser with an increase in the curing age, resulting in an increase in the compressive strength over time.
Effect of Hydrogen on Corrosion Behavior of 321 Stainless Steel in NH4Cl Solution
Authors: Xu Xiuqing , Wang Wei , Suo Tao , Jiang Lei , Yin Xiangkun , Cheng Guangxu , Fu Anqing , Yang Fang
Published: October 2022

For a hydrogenation heat exchanger operating under severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and a hydrogen environment, perforation accidents caused by NH4Cl corrosion occur frequently. However, few reports on the effect of hydrogen on the corrosion behavior of metal materials in NH4Cl aqueous solution have been published. In this paper, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical dynamic potential polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott–Schottky (M-S) curves and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of electrochemical hydrogen charging (EHC) on the corrosion behavior of 321 stainless steel in an NH4Cl solution environment. The results show that: (1) hydrogen can change the structure and chemical composition of 321 stainless steel passive film and promote the conversion of metal oxide to hydroxide. At the same time, it can reduce the stability of the passive film. (2) Hydrogen can increase the thermodynamic and kinetic tendency of corrosion reaction and cooperate with Cl− to promote the occurrence of pitting corrosion.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Achilles Tendon Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft Indicates Satisfactory Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Kiedrowski Bartosz , Bąkowski Paweł , Cisowski Paweł , Stołowski Łukasz , Kaszyński Jakub , Małecka Magdalena , Piontek Tomasz
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: The Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body, is vulnerable to injury because of its limited blood supply and the combination of forces to which it is subjected. Given the relevance of the Achilles tendon in the proper function of the foot and ankle, the primary goal of the present study was to use a holistic approach for a comprehensive evaluation of Achilles tendon reconstruction results on multiple levels. Materials and Methods: The study was designed in the following way: 30 patients with partial or total Achilles tendon tears were subjected to the minimally invasive Achilles tendon reconstruction. Patients were then subjected to the clinical, functional and isokinetic tests 12 and 24 months after the treatment. The clinical evaluation included calf circumference measurements and subjective patient-reported tests: ATRS, EQ-5D-5L and VAS scales. The functional evaluation was based on three tests: the weight-bearing lunge test, the heel rise test and single leg hop. Isometric and isokinetic evaluation was performed using a Biodex 3 dynamometer. Results: The calf circumference of the operated limbs was significantly lower than the non-operated limb 12 months after the surgical procedure, however this improved at the second evaluation. All subjective outcomes improved significantly 24 months after the surgery. Significantly better results in the function of the operated limbs were also obtained 24 months after the surgery. However, most of the muscle strength parameters of the operated limbs were already comparable to non-operated ones 12 months after the surgery and were comparable between two evaluation times. Conclusions: The overall results of this extensive evaluation are highly satisfactory and patients returned to their normal physical activity. From a medical point of view, it is assumed that the healing process is completed 12 months after the surgery, however, importantly, our results indicate that we should consider the healing process and the rehabilitation process separately.
Gait Analysis of Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Correlation with Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index Assessment
Authors: Li Haoqian , Hu Shuai , Zhao Ruipeng , Zhang Yixuan , Huang Lingan , Shi Junjun , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: Objective, accurate, and intuitive evaluation of knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is important. This study aimed to clarify the gait characteristics of patients with bilateral KOA and their correlation with Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Materials and Methods: 20 patients with bilateral KOA and 20 conditionally matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Footscan and CODA motion gait analysis systems were used to analyse the gait parameters. Gait spatiotemporal parameters and knee joint motion parameters were collected. Weight-bearing balance and walking stability were assessed using discrete trends of relevant gait indicators. Patients in the experimental group were evaluated using WOMAC. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed on the gait data and WOMAC score data of the experimental group. Results: Velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Step time and gait cycle were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Total stance and double-stance times of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group (p < 0.01), whereas the single-stance time was shorter than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The range of motion and maximum flexion angle in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01), and the minimum angle of knee extension was greater than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The discrete trend of weight-bearing balance and walking stability gait index in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group. The WOMAC score and gait analysis were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The gait function of patients with KOA is significantly worse than that of normal people. The WOMAC scale and gait analysis can be used to assess KOA severity from different perspectives with good consistency.
Challenges in Sub-Kilometer Grid Modeling of the Convective Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Dudhia Jimy
Published: October 2022

At multi-kilometer grid scales, numerical weather prediction models represent surface-based convective eddies as a completely sub-grid one-dimensional vertical mixing and transport process. At tens of meters grid scales, large-eddy simulation models, explicitly resolve all the primary three-dimensional eddies associated with boundary-layer transport from the surface and entrainment at the top. Between these scales, at hundreds of meters grid size, is a so-called grey zone in which the primary transport is neither entirely sub-grid nor resolved, where explicit large-eddy models and sub-grid boundary-layer parameterization models fail in different ways that are outlined in this review article. This article also reviews various approaches that have been taken to span this gap in the proper representation of eddy transports in the sub-kilometer grid range using scale-aware approaches. Introduction of moisture with condensation in the eddies expands this problem to that of handling shallow convection, but similarities between dry and cloud-topped convective boundary layers can lead to some unified views of the processes that need to be represented in convective boundary-layers which will be briefly addressed here.
A Method for 3D Modeling of Chemical Separation in Microfabricated Gas Chromatography Columns: Case Studies in Temperature Gradients and Stationary Phase Topologies
Authors: Singh Shrutika , Qin Yutao , Gianchandani Yogesh B.
Published: October 2022

Conventional capillary gas chromatography (GC) columns, which have circular symmetry in cross-section and uniformity in length, are well modeled mathematically by the GC rate theory. However, even after adaptation, the theory has limited applicability to many unconventional properties in microfabricated GC columns, such as trapezoidal cross-sections, non-uniform stationary phase, and temperature gradients. This paper reports a 3D finite-element model for the chemical separation process in microfabricated GC columns using COMSOL. The model incorporates gas flow, diffusion, partition, and temperature effects, enabling quantitative assessment of the separation performance of microfabricated GC columns with different stationary phase coating topologies and temperature gradients. To address the tremendous computational burden in such a 3D model, this paper investigates methods of providing proper meshing and dimensional scaling. For validation purposes, the implemented model was first applied to a conventional capillary GC column and showed good matches to both the analytical calculation and experimental results. Next, the model was used to assess microfabricated columns with a trapezoidal cross-section and different stationary phase coating topologies. The results showed that, for the cases under consideration, a single-side-coated column provides only a 33% lower separation resolution compared to a double-side-coated column, and a parabolic stationary phase profile provides only a 12% lower separation resolution compared to a uniform profile. The model also indicated that temperature gradients have a negligible impact on separation performance.
Pllans–II Induces Cell Death in Cervical Cancer Squamous Epithelial Cells via Unfolded Protein Accumulation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Montoya-Gómez Alejandro , Rivera Franco Nelson , Montealegre-Sanchez Leonel Ives , Solano-Redondo Luis Manuel , Castillo Andrés , Mosquera-Escudero Mildrey , Jiménez-Charris Eliécer
Published: October 2022

Due to the lack of chemotherapeutic drugs that selectively affect cervical cancer cells, natural sources such as snake venom are currently being investigated for molecules with antitumor potential. Pllans–II, a phospholipase A2 type–Asp49 from Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii snake venom, induced cell death in a cervical cancer cell line—Ca Ski—related to dysfunction in the ability to resolve endoplasmic reticulum stress, evidenced by sub–expression of genes such as PERK, ERO1 PDIs, HSP70, and CHOP. Western blot analysis validated the last two genes′ sub–expression at the protein level. In addition, Pllans–II presented a dose–dependent cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and an insignificant effect on healthy endothelial cells (HUVEC). Additionally, Pllans–II inhibited cancer cells′ adhesion and migration capacity, induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis stimulated possibly by the extrinsic route. These results demonstrate for the first time that Pllans–II has an antitumor effect on a squamous epithelial cervical cancer cell line and represents a possible biotechnological tool for designing a prominent antitumor agent.
Post-Functionalization of Organometallic Complexes via Click-Reaction
Authors: Petrovskii Stanislav , Khistiaeva Viktoria , Paderina Aleksandra , Abramova Evgenia , Grachova Elena
Published: October 2022

CuAAC (Cu catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) click-reaction is a simple and powerful method for the post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes of transition metals. This approach allows the selective introduction of additional donor sites or functional groups to the periphery of the ligand environment. This is especially important if a metalloligand with free donor sites, which are of the same nature as the primary site for the coordination of the primary metal, has to be created. The concept of post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes by click-reaction is relatively recent and the currently available experimental material does not yet allow us to identify trends and formulate recommendations to address specific problems. In the present study, we have applied the CuAAC reaction for the post-synthetic modification of diimine mononuclear complexes Re(I), Pt(II) and Ir(III) with C≡C bonds at the periphery of the ligand environment and demonstrated that click-chemistry is a powerful tool for the tunable chemical post-synthetic modification of coordination compounds.
Panchromatic Absorbers Tethered for Bioconjugation or Surface Attachment
Authors: Liu Rui , Rong Jie , Wu Zhiyuan , Taniguchi Masahiko , Bocian David F. , Holten Dewey , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: October 2022

The syntheses of two triads are reported. Each triad is composed of two perylene-monoimides linked to a porphyrin via an ethyne unit, which bridges the perylene 9-position and a porphyrin 5- or 15-position. Each triad also contains a single tether composed of an alkynoic acid or an isophthalate unit. Each triad provides panchromatic absorption (350–700 nm) with fluorescence emission in the near-infrared region (733 or 743 nm; fluorescence quantum yield ~0.2). The syntheses rely on the preparation of trans-AB-porphyrins bearing one site for tether attachment (A), an aryl group (B), and two open meso-positions. The AB-porphyrins were prepared by the condensation of a 1,9-diformyldipyrromethane and a dipyrromethane. The installation of the two perylene-monoimide groups was achieved upon the 5,15-dibromination of the porphyrin and the subsequent copper-free Sonogashira coupling, which was accomplished before or after the attachment of the tether. The syntheses provide relatively straightforward access to a panchromatic absorber for use in bioconjugation or surface-attachment processes.
Clay-Catalyzed Ozonation of Hydrotalcite-Extracted Lactic Acid Potential Application for Preventing Milk Fermentation Inhibition
Authors: El Baktaoui Meriem , Hadj-Abdelkader Nour El Houda , Benghaffour Amina , Arus Vasilica-Alisa , Bennani-Daouadji Nadia , Belkhadem Fatiha , Roy René , Azzouz Abdelkrim
Published: October 2022

An unprecedented route for mitigating the inhibitory effect of lactic acid (LA) on milk fermentation was achieved through lactate adsorption on hydrotalcite (Ht) from simulated lactate extracts. During its regeneration by ozonation, Ht displayed catalytic activity that appeared to increase by addition of montmorillonite (Mt). Changes in the pH, Zeta potential and catalyst particle size during LA ozonation were found to strongly influence LA–LA, LA–catalyst and catalyst–catalyst interactions. The latter determine lactate protonation–deprotonation and clay dispersion in aqueous media. The activity of Mt appears to involve hydrophobic adsorption of non-dissociated LA molecules on silica-rich areas at low pH, and Lewis acid–base and electrostatic interactions at higher pH than the pKa. Hydrotalcite promotes both hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange. Hydrotalcite–smectite mixture was found to enhance clay dispersion and catalytic activity. This research allowed demonstrating that natural clay minerals can act both as adsorbents for LA extract from fermentation broths and as catalysts for adsorbent regeneration. The results obtained herein provide valuable and useful findings for envisaging seed-free milk clotting in dairy technologies.
Monitoring the Shelf Life of Refined Vegetable Oils under Market Storage Conditions—A Kinetic Chemofoodmetric Approach
Authors: Martín-Torres Sandra , Tello-Jiménez Juan Antonio , López-Blanco Rafael , González-Casado Antonio , Cuadros-Rodríguez Luis
Published: October 2022

Most physicochemical and sensory properties of edible vegetable oils are not stable over time. One of the main causes of quality depletion of vegetable oils is oxidation, which influences sensory acceptability and nutritional value, and could even lead to toxic compounds. That negative influence affects international refined oil prices and the variety of its culinary applications. Modelling quality depletion of vegetable oils and establishing the shelf life, generally accepted as the time until rancidity becomes evident, already remains a challenge for the industry. Hence, this paper will show a promising chemofoodmetric methodology, as an easy and straightforward tool to estimate the current shelf-life of refined vegetable oils, based on a comprehensive characterisation of quality depletion-related changes over storage time under real market conditions. The methodology for building a multivariate kinetic ageing-based model is described, taking into account all time-related physicochemical parameters and chemometric processing tools. From a particular ageing state, multiparametric models are able to reliably infer the expected storage time for each vegetable oil so that it remains consistent with acceptability requirements. The results of the study pointed out the accuracy of multivariate shelf-life modelling with regard to univariate modelling. Discrepancies were found in the oxidation rates of oils extracted from different plant seeds.
Discovery of E3 Ligase Ligands for Target Protein Degradation
Authors: Lee Jaeseok , Lee Youngjun , Jung Young Mee , Park Ju Hyun , Yoo Hyuk Sang , Park Jongmin
Published: October 2022

Target protein degradation has emerged as a promising strategy for the discovery of novel therapeutics during the last decade. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) harnesses a cellular ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system for the efficient degradation of a protein of interest. PROTAC consists of a target protein ligand and an E3 ligase ligand so that it enables the target protein degradation owing to the induced proximity with ubiquitin ligases. Although a great number of PROTACs has been developed so far using previously reported ligands of proteins for their degradation, E3 ligase ligands have been mostly limited to either CRBN or VHL ligands. Those PROTACs showed their limitation due to the cell type specific expression of E3 ligases and recently reported resistance toward PROTACs with CRBN ligands or VHL ligands. To overcome these hurdles, the discovery of various E3 ligase ligands has been spotlighted to improve the current PROTAC technology. This review focuses on currently reported E3 ligase ligands and their application in the development of PROTACs.