bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women ≥30 years of age with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) have low positivity rates when cotested for high‐risk human papillomavirus: Should we reconsider HPV triage for LSIL in older women?
Authors: Thrall Michael J. , Smith Debora A. , Mody Dina R.
Published: November 2009

High‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing for colposcopy triage of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is not recommended because of high positive rates in young women. It remains unclear whether HR‐HPV testing may be useful for triage of older women. We compiled HR‐HPV data for women aged ≥30 years with LSIL for the period March 1, 2006 to February 28, 2008. Follow‐up cervical biopsy information was collected for the period March 1, 2006 to August 15, 2008. We used the Hybrid Capture II test performed on residual material from liquid‐based Pap tests. Of 735 women, 254 had HR‐HPV testing, and of these 144 had positive HR‐HPV results. Among women with positive HR‐HPV results 79 underwent biopsy (54.9%) and 11 had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3 (13.9% of women with biopsy follow‐up). A total of 481 women did not undergo HR‐HPV testing, of whom 192 underwent biopsy (39.9%) and 11 had CIN 2 or 3 (5.7% of biopsied women [P = 0.04]). Among women who tested negative for HR‐HPV and had follow‐up biopsies, only one had a high grade lesion found (CIN 2). The overall HR‐HPV positive rate in tested women ≥30 years old with LSIL was 56.7% if women who had reflex HR‐HPV testing for ASC‐US are included. The HR‐HPV positive rate in residual material from Pap tests interpreted as LSIL was 63.8%. Among women ≥30 years of age with LSIL, CIN 2‐3 is significantly more likely in HR‐HPV positive women. Relatively few older women with LSIL test positive for HR‐HPV. Colposcopy triage using HR‐HPV may be justified in this population. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous infarction of pleomorphic adenoma: Report of a case simulating malignancy on fine‐needle cytology sample
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Losito Nunzia Simona , Botti Gerardo , Manola Marco , Ionna Franco
Published: November 2009

Ischemic or hemorrhagic infarction has been described as an uncommon but possible complication of fine‐needle cytology sampling in numerous organs, more frequently the thyroid, the salivary glands, the breast, the lymph node, and the kidney. In these situations, infarction appears to be directly related to the vascular disturbances caused by needle sampling, though fine this latter might be. One case of a spontaneous infarction of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma in a 46‐year‐old lady is here described in which the cytopathologic findings, which were related to ischemic infarction, preceded fine‐needle cytology sampling and mimicked malignancy.

The cytopathologic picture showed a quizzical mixture of necrosis and inflammation coupled to hyperplastic changes of the acinar cells, oncocytic metaplasia, and atypical squamous metaplasia of extreme degree simulating high‐grade epidermoid‐ or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Due to the cytologically suggestive changes, a nerve‐sparing radical parotidectomy was performed. The differential diagnostic problems encountered in this case are discussed together to the possible medical–legal implications originating from such striking atypias as to closely simulate malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remarkable Reaction Rate and Excellent Enantioselective Direct α‐Amination of Aldehydes with Azodicarboxylates Catalyzed by Pyrrolidinylcamphor‐Derived Organocatalysts
Authors: Liu Pang‐Min , Chang Chihliang , Reddy Raju Jannapu , Ting Ying‐Fang , Kuan Hsuan‐Hao , Chen Kwunmin
Published: November 2009

Remarkable reaction rate and excellent enantioselective direct α‐amination of unmodified aldehydes with various azodicarboxylates was catalyzed by pyrrolidinylcamphor organocatalyst 2a (5 mol‐%) to provide the desired aminated products with excellent chemical yields and high to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee) at 0 °C in CH2Cl2.
Synthesis of new compounds containing the pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐one subunit
Authors: Fadel S. , Suzenet F. , Hafid A. , Rakib E. M. , Khouili M. , Pujol M. D. , Guillaumet G.
Published: November 2009

magnified image

A convenient route for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐ones via condensation of 3‐amino‐1‐phenylpyrazolin‐5‐one with 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyran‐2‐one is described. The pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐one isomers obtained were functionalized at 1‐, 4‐, or 6‐ position by different pharmacophore entities allowing the synthesis of new compounds with promising biological activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Nanoelectromechanical switches for reconfigurable antennas
Authors: Cetiner Bedri A. , Biyikli Necmi , Yildirim Bahadir S. , Damgaci Yasin
Published: November 2009

We report on the full‐wave analyses of a frequency reconfigurable antenna integrated with metallic nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) switches (length = 3 μm, width = 60 nm). The NEMS switch used in this work has the same architecture with low voltage, double‐arm cantilever‐type metallic DC‐contact microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch recently developed in author's group. The microfabrication and characterization of the MEMS switch have also been given in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 64–69, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24833
Effect of inter‐element spacings variation on the performance of linear grounded frequency selective surface arrays in W‐band
Authors: Islam S. , Stiens J. , Poesen G. , Jaeger I. , De Tandt C. , Ranson W. , De Raedt W. , Vounckx R.
Published: November 2009

This article examines the issue of extending the inter‐element spacing between slots of equally‐spaced linear grounded frequency selective surface (FSS) arrays with spacing beyond half a wavelength in W‐band (75–110 GHz). We present the design, processing, and testing of W‐band grounded FSS arrays with different inter‐element spacings along transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) field directions separately. The comparison of periodicity changing effects along TE and TM field directions has been reported. The inter‐element spacing versus phase curves demonstrate that in some extent the inter‐element spacing can be a phase optimization parameter for complex array design. We fabricated the corresponding FSS arrays on quartz substrate with photolithographic etching technique, and characterized the vector S‐parameters with a free space MVNA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 155–160, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24848
A 0.6‐V low‐power armstrong VCO in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Chen , Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Chen Jhao‐Jhang , Juang Miin‐Horng
Published: November 2009

A low‐power differential voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed and implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS 1P6M process. It consists of two single‐ended Armstrong oscillators via cross‐coupled transistors to obtain a differential output. At the supply voltage of 0.6 V, the output phase noise of the differential VCO is −120.02 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 3.85 GHz and the figure of merit is −188.5 dBc/Hz. Total VCO core power consumption is 2.1 mW. Tuning range is about 550 MHz, from 3.81 to 4.36 GHz, whereas the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 2.0 V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 116–119, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24864
Design of an FIR filter for the displacement reconstruction using measured acceleration in low‐frequency dominant structures
Authors: Lee Hae Sung , Hong Yun Hwa , Park Hyun Woo
Published: November 2009

This paper presents a new class of displacement reconstruction scheme using only acceleration measured from a structure. For a given set of acceleration data, the reconstruction problem is formulated as a boundary value problem in which the acceleration is approximated by the second‐order central finite difference of displacement. The displacement is reconstructed by minimizing the least‐squared errors between measured and approximated acceleration within a finite time interval. An overlapping time window is introduced to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed displacement. The displacement reconstruction problem becomes ill‐posed because the boundary conditions at both ends of each time window are not known a priori. Furthermore, random noise in measured acceleration causes physically inadmissible errors in the reconstructed displacement. A Tikhonov regularization scheme is adopted to alleviate the ill‐posedness. It is shown that the proposed method is equivalent to an FIR filter designed in the time domain. The fundamental characteristics of the proposed method are presented in the frequency domain using the transfer function and the accuracy function. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example, a laboratory experiment and a field test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interest and durability of multilayers: from model films to complex films
Authors: Garnier Géraldine , Marouani Sofiène , Yrieix Bernard , Pompeo Claude , Chauvois Michel , Flandin Lionel , Brechet Yves
Published: November 2009

In a first part, this paper focuses on the interest of using a multilayer for vacuum insulation panels envelope. It is shown that piling up layers of metallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) does not seem to improve the initial barrier performance. In parallel, a permeation model to predict barrier properties of multilayer films was developed and validated with experimental results. In a second part, durability of a multilayer composite was investigated using accelerated hydrothermal ageing tests. It is shown that physical properties and in particular barrier properties decrease with ageing time. Polyurethane layer used as adhesive system in multilayer films is responsible for complete degradation of aluminum layer after 6 ageing months at 70°C – 90% relative humidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms and unmitigated communion in support providers
Authors: Jin Lihua , Van Yperen Nico W. , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët
Published: November 2009

In this research, we argue and demonstrate that the association between enacted (un)supportive behaviour and depressive symptoms is a function of the providers' levels of unmitigated communion (UC). UC is characterized by overinvolvement in others' problems, self‐neglect and externalized self‐evaluation. These characteristics appear to predispose individuals high in UC to experience depressive symptoms. As anticipated, we show that enacted supportive behaviour was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 1 and 2), and enacted unsupportive behaviour was positively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 2), but only among individuals low in UC. Our findings are consistent with the idea that for high UC individuals, enacting supportive behaviour, or not enacting unsupportive behaviour, is insufficient to reduce their high levels of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospun poly(L‐lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Chuenjitkuntaworn Boontharika , Supaphol Pitt , Pavasant Prasit , Damrongsri Damrong
Published: November 2009

Poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is one of the most studied synthetic biodegradable polymeric materials as a bone graft substitute. Taking into account the osteoconductive property of hydroxyapatite (HAp), we prepared fibrous matrices of PLLA without and with HAp particles in amounts of 0.25 or 0.50% (w/v, based on the volume of the base 15% w/v PLLA solution in 70:30 v/v dichloromethane/tetrahydrofuran). These fibrous matrices were assessed for their potential as substrates for bone cell culture. The presence of HAp in the composite fibre mats was confirmed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping. The average diameters of both neat PLLA and PLLA/HAp fibres, as determined using scanning electron microscopy, ranged between 2.3 and 3.5 µm, with the average spacing between adjacent fibres ranging between 5.7 and 8.5 µm. The porosity of these fibrous membranes was high (ca 97–98%). A direct cytotoxicity evaluation with L929 mouse fibroblasts indicated that the neat PLLA fibre mats released no substance at a level that was toxic to the cells. The presence of HAp particles at 0.50% w/v in the PLLA fibrous scaffolds not only promoted the attachment and the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 mouse pre‐osteoblastic cells, but also increased the expression of osteocalcin mRNA and the extent of mineralization after the cells had been cultured on the scaffolds for 14 and 21 days, respectively. The results obtained suggested that the PLLA/HAp fibre mats could be materials of choice for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth in children with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Cheung M.S. , Bridges N.A. , Prasad S.A. , Francis J. , Carr S.B. , Suri R. , Balfour‐Lynn I.M.
Published: November 2009

Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with a shortened life expectancy and greater deterioration in lung function than in CF patients with normal glucose metabolism. There are few published data on how CFRD affects growth in childhood. We carried out a retrospective case controlled study of growth and lung function in 34 children with CFRD attending three specialist centers in London. We found that for the 2 years leading to CFRD diagnosis (at a mean age of 13.1 years), the mean height velocity was significantly less compared to controls: 4.9 (standard deviation—SD 1.6) cm/year vs. 6.0 (SD 1.9) cm/year (P = 0.005). For the 2 years following diagnosis, height velocity remained significantly lower (3.4 (SD 2.2) cm/year vs. 4.4 (SD 2.2) cm/year, P = 0.02). Mean FEV1 was reduced prior to diagnosis and at diagnosis, but was similar to controls 2 years after diagnosis. This study highlights the compromise in height velocity and lung function that occurs prior to diagnosis of CFRD in children with CF, and a reduction in height velocity should be considered an indicator of impaired glucose metabolism. It would be useful to know whether early treatment with insulin can help promote catch up growth. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1223–1225. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Random and targeted gene integrations through the control of non‐homologous end joining in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Abdel‐Banat Babiker M. A. , Nonklang Sanom , Hoshida Hisashi , Akada Rinji
Published: November 2009

Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU3‐1042 is a thermotolerant yeast strain suitable for high‐temperature ethanol fermentation and genetic engineering with linear DNA. We have developed a highly efficient random gene integration method with a frequency that exceeds 2.5 × 106 transformants/µg linear DNA, a figure comparable to what is observed with autonomously replicating plasmid transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To establish the mechanism of random integration in DMKU3‐1042, we identified and deleted the K. marxianus KU70 gene, which is known to be involved in the non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) pathway. In yeast lacking KU70, high‐frequency non‐homologous gene integration was abolished and the Kmku70 mutants showed 82–95% homologous gene targeting efficiencies using homologous sequences of 40–1000 bp. These results indicate that the highly efficient NHEJ pathway can be utilized with random gene disruption techniques such as transposon mutagenesis and plasmid‐free gene manipulations in K. marxianus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical design and outcome of duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection for benign or low‐grade malignant tumors
Authors: Horiguchi Akihiko , Miyakawa Shuichi , Ishihara Shin , Ito Masahiro , Asano Yukio , Furusawa Koichi , Shimizu Tomohiro , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: November 2009

To apply duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) as radical procedure for benign or low‐grade malignant tumors, it needs the reconciliation of complete pancreatic head resection and preservation of the bile duct and peripancreatic vessels. Several modifications have been introduced and applied to remove these lesions, however, the techniques have not been made clear in the management of the peripancreatic vessels and the bile duct. The long‐term outcomes of the DPPHR have been reported as extremely rare in comparison with pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) in these pancreatic head tumors. The angiograms by multi‐detector row CT (MD‐CT) can be reconstructed more physiologically than selective angiography. The anterior arcade is predominant in 43% of 64 patients. Therefore, we modified the DPPHR to include a complete resection of the pancreatic head and the preservation of both anterior and posterior arterial arcades. The bile duct is covered by the pancreatic parenchyma in various ways. The techniques of the preservation of the bile duct are also introduced. We performed 21 DPPHRs and 19 PPPDs in the patients with benign or low‐grade malignant pancreatic head tumor. There was no significant difference in operative factors. The postoperative death was one patient in PPPD, but none in DPPHR. The postoperative complications of PPPD were more often than that of DPPHR. There is no postoperative recurrence in DPPHR in the follow‐up period from 2 to 216 months. Both exocrine and endocrine function and the long‐term results following DPPHR were superior to those following PPPD. The DPPHR should be favored over the PPPD in benign or low‐grade malignant tumors of the head of the pancreas if there is no compromise with oncologic radicality.
Ultraviolet Laser Action in Ferromagnetic Zn1−x
Fe
x
O Nanoneedles
Authors: Yang HY , Yu SF , Lau SP , Herng TS , Tanemura M
Published: October 2009

Fe-doped ZnO nanoneedles (NDs) were fabricated by an Ar+ ion sputtering technique operated at room temperature. The as-grown samples show both ferromagnetic and lasing properties. The saturated magnetization moment was measured from 0.307 to 0.659 emu cm−3 at the field of 10 kOe with various Fe concentrations. Intense ultraviolet random lasing emission was observed from Zn1 − x
Fe
x
O NDs at room temperature. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result reveals that the doped Fe atoms occupy the Zn sites and lead to a decrease in oxygen deficiency.
Prevention of substance use among adolescents through social and emotional training in school: A latent‐class analysis of a five‐year intervention in Sweden
Authors: Kimber Birgitta , Sandell Rolf
Published: October 2009

The study considers the impact of a program for social and emotional learning in Swedish schools on use of drugs, volatile substances, alcohol and tobacco. The program was evaluated in an effectiveness study. Intervention students were compared longitudinally with non‐intervention students using nonparametric latent class analysis to identify subgroups of students with similar use levels and trajectories. Statistically significant intervention‐by‐duration interactions, with medium to large effect sizes to the advantage of the SET students were found for all substances in one or more, but not all, of the latent classes. Favorable trajectories were found for non‐users/light users of drugs, moderate sniffers, non‐users/light users of alcohol, and occasional smokers. Only among heavy smokers was there a possible iatrogenic effect of SET. Such programs, given a duration of two years or more, may dampen increases in use with age and discourage early debut, although they are not specifically targeted at use itself.
Cryotherapy for HPV clearance in women with biopsy‐confirmed cervical low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Chumworathayi Bandit , Thinkhamrop Jadsada , Blumenthal Paul D. , Thinkhamrop Bandit , Pientong Chamsai , Ekalaksananan Tipaya
Published: November 2009

Objective

To compare the clearance rate of HPV infection among women aged older than 30 years with biopsy‐confirmed cervical low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 1 year after cryotherapy with the spontaneous clearance rate (observation).

Method

HPV DNA typing by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization were used to identify 14 high‐risk types and 23 low‐risk types. HPV DNA sequencing was also used for other types.

Result

Between December 2007 and March 2009, 100 women were recruited to the study and 60 cases had positive results on HPV testing. Twenty‐nine patients were randomly allocated to the cryotherapy group and 31 to the observation group. At 1 year, 89.7% (26/29; 95% CI, 78.6–100%) of the cryotherapy group and 90.3% (28/31; 95% CI, 79.9–100%) of the observation group had negative results on HPV testing (0.6% difference; 95% CI, –15.8 to 14.6%, P = 0.94).

Conclusion

Cryotherapy failed to increase the clearance of prevalent HPV infections among women with LSIL, although in both arms the clearance rates were above 80%. However, in coupling with visual inspection with acetic acid as a single visit approach, its effect on prevention of HSIL and cervical cancer is still promising. Therefore, cryotherapy should not be withdrawn from such programs. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00566579).
Governing controversial science: Lessons from stem cell research
Authors: Mintrom Michael , Bollard Rebecca
Published: October 2009

Developments in genomic science and biotechnology are creating new governance challenges concerning funding, oversight, and regulation of the underlying science and its applications. Among forms of genomics and biotechnology, human stem cell research has been one of the most controversial. It holds great promise for the development of medical therapies, but the link between human reproduction and research on embryonic stem cells has fuelled serious opposition. We contend that good policy design can reduce tensions around the advancement of controversial science and technologies flowing from it. This article examines issues in the governance of human stem cell research using evidence from California. Four lessons are drawn for the effective governance of other areas of human genomics and biotechnology. They are (1) isolate structural design from controversy; (2) make room for laypeople in the governance structures; (3) promote transparency, minimize secrecy; and (4) create opportunities for learning and innovation.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Comorbidities of Tourette's Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder in A 10‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Wang Peng‐Wei , Huang Mei‐Feng , Yen Cheng‐Fang , Huang Rong‐Rong
Published: October 2009

Changes in moods are one of the comorbid psychiatric manifestations that frequently occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome. The assessment of a manic episode in children with Tourette's syndrome is challenging. Furthermore, the treatment of children with comorbid mania and Tourette's syndrome has not been extensively studied. We present a 10‐year‐old boy who suffered from both Tourette's syndrome and mania, whose symptoms improved after using lithium and risperidone. The child was diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome at 7 years of age when he suffered from tics and experienced his first manic episode. He received monotherapy, including haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole, and the response was poor. When the combination of lithium and risperidone was used, the tics and mania subsided. It is important to assess individuals with Tourette's syndrome for associated bipolar disorder. The treatment of children with both disorders is a major clinical issue, and our case may serve as an example for successful treatment strategies.
Silver‐containing Hydrofiber Dressing is an Effective Adjunct in the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Wu Chieh‐Shan , Hsu Hui‐Yu , Hu Stephen Chu‐Sung , Chiu Hsiu‐Hui , Chen Gwo‐Shing
Published: October 2009

Pemphigus vulgaris is a life‐threatening autoimmune bullous dermatosis and its management represents a major challenge to medical teams. The primary treatments for pemphigus vulgaris are oral steroids and immunosuppressants, but topical approaches also play a role in disease management. Here, we report a patient with pemphigus vulgaris involving 62% of the total body surface area, with initial poor clinical response to systemic steroids and topical silver sulfadiazine therapy. However, a marked improvement in wound healing and decreased patient discomfort were observed after application of silver‐containing hydrofiber dressings (Aquacel‐Ag®). Therefore, silver‐containing hydrofiber dressings may offer an effective adjunct in the treatment of patients with pemphigus vulgaris with extensive skin involvement. Our encouraging experience with these dressing patches may be extended to manage other large exudation wounds.
Doomsday confessions
Authors: Dawdy Shannon Lee
Published: November 2009

I want to thank the commentators for their thoughtful and diverse responses. I was originally worried that my intentionally provocative sally was going to either scratch a bundle of raw nerves or go over like a wet firecracker. Instead, the replies were all over a very interesting global map (with perhaps a few reactions at either extreme). To quote Mark Pluciennik, one could say of the total array of responses that ‘where archaeologies might fit among such a constellation of uses and abuses is of course highly contextual and dependent on one's position in time, and space, and sociocultural and political situation’ (p. 153). I will not be so bold as to try to contextualize each author according to their national original, institutional setting or academic training and research interests, since I think the intelligent reader can see these glinting through the responses. Instead, I will take this opportunity to contextualize myself. Despite my calls for honesty in the paper, I have not been entirely honest about the genealogy and context of my opinions. In the course of my confessional, I will also enunciate those places where I am humbled by the knowledge and activities of the responders and, of course, where I think I have been misunderstood.
Possible impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the South American summer monsoon
Authors: Chiessi Cristiano M. , Mulitza Stefan , Pätzold Jürgen , Wefer Gerold , Marengo José A.
Published: November 2009

The South American summer monsoon (SASM) is the main source of precipitation for the most densely populated and agriculturally productive regions of tropical and subtropical South America. Here we investigate the impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on the SASM using ∼4500 yr long proxy records of the discharge variability of the La Plata River Drainage Basin (PRDB), subtropical South America. We measured the stable oxygen composition of planktic foraminifera (related to the extension of the PRDB plume), and Ti intensity in bulk sediment (related to the source of the terrigenous sediments) from a marine sediment core. Spectral and wavelet analyses of our records indicate an oscillation with period of ∼64 yr. We conclude that the observed oscillation reflects variability in the SASM activity associated to the AMO. Sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation anomalies triggered by the AMO would control the variability in SASM activity.
Global distribution of cyanobacterial ecotypes in the cold biosphere
Authors: Jungblut Anne D , Lovejoy Connie , Vincent Warwick F
Published: November 2009

Perennially cold habitats are diminishing as a result of climate change; however, little is known of the diversity or biogeography of microbes that thrive in such environments. Here we use targeted 16S rRNA gene surveys to evaluate the global affinities of cold-dwelling cyanobacteria from lake, stream and ice communities living at the northern limit of High Arctic Canada. Pigment signature analysis by HPLC confirmed the dominance of cyanobacteria in the phototrophic communities of these High Arctic microbial mats, with associated populations of chlorophytes and chromophytes. Microscopic analysis of the cyanobacteria revealed a diverse assemblage of morphospecies grouping into orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Chroococcales. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from six clone libraries grouped into a total of 24 ribotypes, with a diversity in each mat ranging from five ribotypes in ice-based communities to 14 in land-based pond communities. However, no significant differences in composition were observed between these two microbial mat systems. Based on clone-library and phylogenetic analysis, several of the High Arctic ribotypes were found to be >99% similar to Antarctic and alpine sequences, including to taxa previously considered endemic to Antarctica. Among the latter, one High Arctic sequence was found 99.8% similar to Leptolyngbya antarctica sequenced from the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica. More than 68% of all identified ribotypes at each site matched only cyanobacterial sequences from perennially cold terrestrial ecosystems, and were <97.5% similar to sequences from warmer environments. These results imply the global distribution of low-temperature cyanobacterial ecotypes throughout the cold terrestrial biosphere.
9aaTADs mimic DNA to interact with a pseudo-DNA Binding Domain KIX of Med15 (Molecular Chameleons)
Authors: piskacek martin
Published: November 2009

The KIX-domain of Gal11/MED15 was shown to interact with short transactivation domain of Pdr1 and Oaf1 (12 and 9 amino acids respectively) annotated to 9aaTAD family. Reported NMR data revealed a surprising sequence similarity of KIX domain and basic-leucine zipper (bZIP).
Porphyrinyl-type sugar derivatives: synthesis and biological applications
Authors: Cavaleiro José A. S. , Faustino Maria A. F. , Tomé João P. C.
Published: November 2009

This report deals with the synthesis and biological evaluations concerning photodynamic therapy properties of porphyrinyl- and dihydroporphyrinyl-type sugar derivatives. The chosen conjugates have O- and S-glycosidic moieties or ether and ester functions.
FLIM-FRET and FRAP reveal association of influenza virus haemagglutinin with membrane rafts
Authors: Engel Stephanie , Scolari Silvia , Thaa Bastian , Krebs Nils , Korte Thomas , Herrmann Andreas , Veit Michael
Published: November 2009

It has been supposed that the HA (haemagglutinin) of influenza virus must be recruited to membrane rafts to perform its function in membrane fusion and virus budding. In the present study, we aimed at substantiating this association in living cells by biophysical methods. To this end, we fused the cyan fluorescent protein Cer (Cerulean) to the cytoplasmic tail of HA. Upon expression in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells HA–Cer was glycosylated and transported to the plasma membrane in a similar manner to authentic HA. We measured FLIM-FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) and showed strong association of HA–Cer with Myr-Pal–YFP (myristoylated and palmitoylated peptide fused to yellow fluorescent protein), an established marker for rafts of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Clustering was significantly reduced when rafts were disintegrated by cholesterol extraction and when the known raft-targeting signals of HA, the palmitoylation sites and amino acids in its transmembrane region, were removed. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) showed that removal of raft-targeting signals moderately increased the mobility of HA in the plasma membrane, indicating that the signals influence access of HA to slowly diffusing rafts. However, Myr-Pal–YFP exhibited a much faster mobility compared with HA–Cer, demonstrating that HA and the raft marker do not diffuse together in a stable raft complex for long periods of time.
Particle topology, braids, and braided belts
Authors: Bilson-Thompson Sundance , Hackett Jonathan , Kauffman Louis H.
Published: November 2009

Recent work [S. O. Bilson-Thompson, e-print arXiv:hep-th/0503213; Bilson-Thompson et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 24, 3975 (2007)] suggests that topological features of certain quantum gravity theories can be interpreted as particles, matching the known fermions and bosons of the first generation in the standard model. This is achieved by identifying topological structures with elements of the framed Artin braid group on three strands and demonstrating a correspondence between the invariants used to characterize these braids (a braid is a set of nonintersecting curves, that connect one set of N points with another set of N points) and quantities such as electric charge, color charge, and so on [S. O. Bilson-Thompson, e-print arXiv:hep-th/0503213; Bilson-Thompson et al., e-print aXiv:0804.0037]. In this paper we show how to manipulate a modified form of framed braids to yield an invariant standard form for sets of isomorphic braids, characterized by a vector of real numbers. This will serve as a basis for more complete discussions of quantum numbers in future work.
Correlation of O (1s) and Fe (2p) near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra and electrical conductivity of La1−xSrxFe0.75Ni0.25O3−δ
Authors: Erat Selma , Braun Artur , Ovalle Alejandro , Piamonteze Cinthia , Liu Zhi , Graule Thomas , Gauckler Ludwig J.
Published: October 2009

A -site substitution of La3+ by Sr2+ in polaron conducting ABO3-type perovskite La1−xSrxFe0.75Ni0.25O3−δ causes oxidation of Fe3+ toward Fe4+ and formation of conducting electron holes, as evidenced by Fe (2p) and O (1s) near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra. Hole doping is reflected by linear variation of the prepeak ratio eg(↑)/[t2g(↓)+eg(↓)] of oxygen spectra, along with increased conductivity. The significant increase in conductivity due to NiO doping in La1−xSrxFeO3−δ is caused by increased overlap between Fe (3d) and O (2p) and charge transfer from the O (2p) to the Ni (3d) states, as concluded from near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra and ligand field multiplet calculations.
Surface indentation arrays for high-throughput analysis of viscoelastic material properties
Authors: Johnson Peter M. , Stafford Christopher M.
Published: October 2009

Viscoelastic relaxation processes factor into polymer performance and stability throughout an application lifetime, controlled by the polymer network structure and dynamics which occur over a wide spectrum of time scales. In this work, we detail the design and operation of an independent array of surface indenters which can measure the creep response at multiple points on a polymer substrate. Samples with composition and temperature gradients are used to exhibit the ability to measure viscoelastic properties under unique conditions for each indentation. Methacrylate photopolymer systems are measured at different compositions and crosslink densities simultaneously within an indenter array to increase the measurement throughput, with a measured creep compliance ranging from 10−9 Pa−1 to 10−5 Pa−1. The application of temperature gradients allows for the viscoelastic measurements to be assembled onto a master curve using time-temperature superposition.
Time-dependent multiconfiguration theory for describing molecular dynamics in diatomic-like molecules
Authors: Kato Tsuyoshi , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: October 2009

We extend the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree–Fock (MCTDHF) theory, which is originally developed for the investigation of electronic dynamics in atoms and molecules within the clamped nuclear model, for describing molecular dynamics in diatomic-like molecular systems which are composed of electrons, protons, and two heavy nuclei such as CH3OH, C2H2, C2H4, and H5O2+. A novel representation of the molecular (electrons and nuclei) wave function to describe the electronic and nuclear quantal dynamics of molecules in an intense laser field is proposed, and the explicit coupled equations of motion (EOMs) for electron spin-orbitals, proton spin-orbitals, and CI-vectors are formulated. The CI-vectors are introduced to describe the quantal motion of the internuclear distance between two heavy nuclei. The derivation of the EOMs is done in two steps. First, the distance between the two heavy nuclei R is treated classically, i.e., electro-protonic dynamics within the clamped nuclear model, and then, the distance R is treated quantum mechanically to describe non-Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. The properties of the EOMs are discussed for the application of the present theory to clarify the mechanism of intramolecular hydrogen (proton) migration processes within hydrocarbon molecules competing with the ionization and the fragmentation processes in intense laser fields.
Scalar field theory in κ-Minkowski spacetime from twist
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Chan , Lee Youngone , Rim Chaiho , Yee Jae Hyung
Published: October 2009

Using the twist deformation of U(igl(4,R)), the linear part of the diffeomorphism, we define a scalar function and construct a free scalar field theory in four-dimensional κ-Minkowski spacetime. The action in momentum space turns out to differ only in the integration measure from the commutative theory.
Atomic-resolution imaging of size-selected platinum clusters on TiO2(110) surfaces
Authors: Isomura Noritake , Wu Xingyang , Watanabe Yoshihide
Published: October 2009

Size-selected Ptn (n=4,7–10,15) clusters were deposited on TiO2(110)−(1×1) surfaces and imaged at atomic resolution using an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope with a carbon nanotube tip. Clusters smaller than Pt7 lay flat on the surface with a planar structure and a planar-to-three-dimensional transition occurred at n=8 for Ptn clusters on TiO2. However, both Pt8 and Pt9 had two types of geometric structures. The geometric structures depend strongly on the number of atoms in the deposited cluster possibly because of the differences in binding energies in different-sized clusters and different degrees of interaction with the surface. We obtained atomic-resolution images of size-selected clusters on surfaces for the first time, enabling the identification of atomic alignments in the clusters on the surface.
Influence of cytoskeleton on nanoparticle migration in biological cells
Authors: Tarasenko A. , Jastrabik L.
Published: October 2009

Magnetic nanoparticles have shown great promise for their use in many biomedical applications. Here we develop a quantifiable cell model to investigate particle diffusion. The tracer, jump, and chemical diffusion coefficients have been calculated for different densities of cytoskeleton proteins.
Conoscopic observation of director reorientation during Poiseuille flow of a nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Holmes C. J. , Cornford S. L. , Sambles J. R.
Published: October 2009

Director reorientation under pressure driven (Poiseuille) flow is observed conoscopically for the liquid crystal 5CB aligned at an azimuthal angle of 45° to the direction of flow. A polyimide surface treatment (AL 1254) is used to promote planar homogeneous alignment and rubbed to produce an initial azimuthal alignment angle ϕ0. Conoscopic interference figure rotation is documented as a function of flow rate and compared to that produced from numerical models using Leslie–Ericksen–Parodi theory. Model and data show excellent agreement.
Direct determination of the Tolman length from the bulk pressures of liquid drops via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: van Giessen Alan E. , Blokhuis Edgar M.
Published: October 2009

An expression for the difference in pressure between a liquid drop in equilibrium with its vapor Δp=pℓ−pv is derived from previous expressions for the components of the Irving–Kirkwood pressure tensor. This expression, as well as the bulk values of the pressure tensor, is then evaluated via molecular dynamics simulations of particles interacting through a truncated Lennard-Jones potential. We determine the Tolman length δ from the dependence of Δp on the equimolar radius. We determine the Tolman length to be δ=−0.10±0.02 in units of the particle diameter. This is the first determination of the Tolman length for liquid droplets via the pressure tensor route through computer simulation that is negative, in contrast to all previous results from simulation, but in agreement with results from density functional theory. In addition, we study the planar liquid-vapor interface and observe a dependence of the physical properties of the system on the system size, as measured by the surface area.
Measurements of tangential momentum accommodation coefficient for various gases in plane microchannel
Authors: Graur I. A. , Perrier P. , Ghozlani W. , Méolans J. G.
Published: October 2009

Mass flow rate measurements in a single silicon microchannel were carried out for various gases in isothermal steady flows. The results obtained from hydrodynamic to near free molecular regime by using a powerful experimental platform allowed us to deduce interesting information, notably about the reflection/accommodation process at the wall. In the 0–0.3 Knudsen range, a continuum analytic approach was derived from the NS equations, associated with first or second order slip boundary conditions. Identifying the experimental mass flow rate curves to the theoretical ones the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) of various gases was extracted. Over the full Knudsen range [0–30] the experimental results were compared with theoretical values calculated from the kinetic approaches: using variable accommodation coefficient values as fitting parameter, the theoretical curves were fitted to the experimental ones. Whatever the Knudsen range and whatever the theoretical approach, the TMAC values are found decreasing when the molecular weights of the gas increase (as long as the different gases are compared using the same approach). Moreover, the values of the various accommodation coefficients are rather close to one another but sufficiently smaller than unity indicating that the full accommodation modeling is not satisfactory to describe the gas/wall interaction.
Electrowetting with contact line pinning: Computational modeling and comparisons with experiments
Authors: Walker Shawn W. , Shapiro Benjamin , Nochetto Ricardo H.
Published: October 2009

This work describes the modeling and simulation of planar electrowetting on dielectric devices that move fluid droplets by modulating surface tension effects. The fluid dynamics are modeled by Hele-Shaw type equations with a focus on including the relevant boundary phenomena. Specifically, we include contact angle saturation and a contact line force threshold model that can account for hysteresis and pinning effects. These extra boundary effects are needed to make reasonable predictions of the correct shape and time scale of liquid motion. Without them the simulations can predict droplet motion that is much faster than in experiments (up to 10–20 times faster). We present a variational method for our model, and a corresponding finite element discretization, which is able to handle surface tension, conservation of mass, and the nonlinear contact line pinning in a straightforward and numerically robust way. In particular, the contact line pinning is captured by a variational inequality. We note that all the parameters in our model are derived from first principles or from independent experiments except one (the parameter Dvisc that accounts for the extra resistive effect of contact angle hysteresis and is difficult to measure directly). We quantitatively compare our simulation to available experimental data for four different cases of droplet motion that include splitting and joining of droplets and find good agreement with experiments.
Random walk of electrons in a gas in the presence of polarized electromagnetic waves: Genesis of a wave induced discharge
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudeep , Paul Samit
Published: October 2009

The average number of collisions N of seed electrons with neutral gas atoms during random walk in escaping from a given volume, in the presence of polarized electromagnetic waves, is found to vary as N=B(Λ/λ)2/[1+C(Λ/λ)]2, indicating a modification to the conventional field free square law N=A(Λ/λ)2, where Λ is the characteristic diffusion length and λ the mean free path. It is found that for the field free case A=1.5 if all the electrons originate at the center and is 1.25 if they are allowed to originate at any random point in the given volume. The B and C coefficients depend on the wave electric field and frequency. Predictions of true discharge initiation time τc can be made from the temporal evolution of seed electrons over a wide range of collision frequencies. For linearly polarized waves of 2.45 GHz and electric field in the range (0.6–1.0)×105 V/m, τc=5.5–1.6 ns for an unmagnetized microwave driven discharge at 1 Torr argon.
Fluctuation-induced spreading of size distribution in condensation kinetics
Authors: Dubrovskii V. G.
Published: October 2009

One of the major results of condensation theory is the time independence of the size distribution shape (in terms of a certain invariant size) at the stage of regular growth of particles. This property follows directly from the simplified Zeldovich equation in the continuous form, where the fluctuation term is neglected. We show that the time invariance is broken by the fluctuation-induced spreading of the size spectrum. We first analyze the linear kinetic equations for the distributions pi(t) with the growth rates of the form iα. Exact solutions demonstrate the increase in dispersion with time as t at α=0 and the time-independent dispersion at α=1. From the asymptotic analysis of the continuous Zeldovich equation with fractional α, it is shown that the distribution spreading always occurs at α<1/2. We then study the general case of homogeneous condensation in an open system with pumping. Asymptotical solutions for the size distribution have the form of a diffusionlike Gaussian. In the case of constant material influx, the spectrum width increases with mean size z as z irrespective of α. We present a diagram of different growth scenarios and show that the time spreading occurs in the majority of condensing systems. Some numerical estimates for the effect of spectrum spreading are also presented.
Determining surface Fermi level pinning position of InN nanowires using electrolyte gating
Authors: Khanal D. R. , Walukiewicz W. , Grandal J. , Calleja E. , Wu J.
Published: October 2009

We demonstrate quantitative determination of surface Fermi level pinning position in InN nanowires using polymer electrolyte gating and three-dimensional (3D) electrostatic modeling of charge distribution. We find pinning of the Fermi level 0.6–0.7 eV above the conduction band minimum at the surface of the nanowires. After taking into account the Fermi level pinning, doping concentration and carrier mobilities are also evaluated and compared with InN thin films. This general approach of combining electrolyte gating experiments with 3D numerical modeling can be applied to nanowires of other materials to determine their surface Fermi level pinning position.
Thermochromic polymer opals
Authors: Sussman Jason , Snoswell David , Kontogeorgos Andreas , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Spahn Peter
Published: October 2009

Large-scale shear-ordered photonic crystals are shown to exhibit unusual thermochromic properties. By balancing the refractive index of the polymer core and composite shell components at room temperature, transparent films are created, which become colored on heating to 150 °C. Since this scattering-based structural color depends only on resonant Bragg scattering of the unpigmented components, it can be tuned to any wavelength. The observed color shifts with temperature are not simply accounted for by theory and are sensitive to the constituents.
Cavity-enhanced photocurrent generation by 1.55 μm wavelengths linear absorption in a p-i-n diode embedded silicon microring resonator
Authors: Chen Hui , Luo Xianshu , Poon Andrew W.
Published: October 2009

We demonstrate 20-fold cavity-enhanced photocurrent generation in 1.55 μm wavelengths in a p-i-n diode embedded silicon microring resonator with Q factor of 8000. The on-resonance wavelength shows linear responsivity of 0.12 mA/W upon 0 V bias and 0.25 mA/W upon −15 V bias. We attribute the linear absorption to surface-state absorption at the microring waveguide interfaces. Our experiments indicate that the photocurrent generation is linear to the estimated coupled power up to ∼500 μW.