bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Nonweightbearing MRI Fat Pad Thickness Under Central Metatarsals in Patients With and Without Metatarsalgia
Authors: Gauthier Chase , Guttman Anne , Bakaes Yianni , Jackson J. Benjamin , Gonzalez Tyler
Published: February 2024

Background:

Metatarsalgia is a common diagnosis for patients with forefoot pain. Many have proposed metatarsal fat pad atrophy is a cause of metatarsalgia and therefore have suggested fat grafting instead of distal metatarsal osteotomies to treat metatarsalgia. For fat grafting to be a viable treatment, fat pad atrophy should correlate with metatarsalgia. This study looked to determine the relationship between metatarsal fat pad thickness and metatarsalgia and the correlation between metatarsal fat pad thickness and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of patients with metatarsalgia and those with foot or ankle osteoarthritis who had a nonweightbearing MRI performed between February 1, 2021, and March 1, 2023. Data collected included demographics, PROMIS scores, metatarsal fat pad thickness in the second and third rays of the affected foot, and thinnest area on coronal section, measured on MRI. Student t test was used to compare continuous variables, whereas the χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariable linear regression models were used to control for potential confounding factors.

Results:

A total of 112 patients were included in this study. Patients with metatarsalgia were significantly more likely to have a lower body mass index (29.3 vs 32.0, P  = .03) than patients with osteoarthritis, but this finding was not present when controlling for confounding variables. We found no significant difference in fat pad thickness between patients with metatarsalgia vs patients with foot or ankle osteoarthritis ( P  = .43). We found no correlation between metatarsal fat pad thickness and pain interference ( P  = .59), physical function ( P  = .64), or mobility ( P  = .94) PROMIS scores.

Conclusion:

In this retrospective comparative study of a relatively small cohort we found no significant difference in metatarsal fat pad thickness for patients with metatarsalgia vs patients with foot and ankle osteoarthritis based on nonweightbearing MRI, and no association between metatarsal fat pad thickness and patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case control study.
Capacious Methodologies for an Unravelling World: Three Research Ecologies
Authors: Germein Susan , Adams Prue , Dollin Jen
Published: February 2024

In this article, we take Dan Harris’ conceptualization of creative ecologies as a provocation to think individually and collectively across three very different research ecologies and the methodologies we use to navigate them. The three research ecologies originate with slippery eels and multispecies ethnography around the Hawkesbury River (New South Wales); affective filmmaking and experience of gender in Australian secondary schools: and the sociomaterialities of living and researching with/in a small girls school on a Himalayan mountainside. We articulate something of these diverse projects, asking what the concept of creative ecology does in our research practice. Together we ask: What work does inhabiting creative ecologies as concept do; and what does thinking with/in creative ecologies mean for our research work? Finally, we speculate how re-conceptualizing research as creative ecologies might offer more capacious ways to address issues of conceptual, cultural, and ecological justice in this unravelling world.
Oropharyngeal Swelling and Airway Obstruction from Environmental Cold Exposure: A Case Report
Authors: Cowtan Stefan , Broughton Jon , Logsetty Sarvesh
Published: February 2024

A 19-year-old male presented with facial frostbite and severe oropharyngeal edema after prolonged riding of a snowmobile without any facial covering. The diffuse swelling eventually progressed to airway obstruction, requiring a surgical airway. No alternative explanation was found for his presentation, making this the first case found in the literature of airway obstruction secondary to environmental cold exposure.
Refined linearly anisotropic couple-stress elasticity
Authors: Soldatos Kostas P
Published: February 2024

A recently developed, refined version of the conventional linear couple-stress theory of isotropic elasticity is extended to include the influence of anisotropic material effects. With this development, the implied refined theory (1) retains ability to determine the spherical part of the couple-stress and (2) is further furnished with constitutive ability to embrace modelling of linearly elastic solids that exhibit inherent polar material anisotropy of advanced levels that reach the class of locally monoclinic materials. This type of anisotropy embraces most of the structural material subclasses met in practice, such as those of general and special orthotropy, as well as the subclass of transverse isotropy. The thus obtained, enhanced version of the refined theory is furnished with ability to also handle structural analysis problems of polar fibrous composites reinforced by families of perfectly flexible fibres or, more generally, polar anisotropic solids possessing one or more material preference directions that do not possess bending resistance. A relevant example application considers and studies in detail the subclass of polar transverse isotropy caused by the presence of a single family of perfectly flexible fibres. By developing the relevant constitutive equation, and explicitly presenting it in a suitable matrix rather than indicial notation form, that application also exemplifies the way that the spherical part of the couple-stress is determined when the fibres are straight. It further enables this communication to initiate a discussion of further important issues stemming from (1) the positive definiteness of the full, polar form of the relevant strain energy function and (2) the lack of ellipticity of the final form attained by the governing differential equations.
Analytical modeling of the electrical conductivity of CNT-filled polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmadi Masoud , Saxena Prashant
Published: February 2024

Electrical conductivity of most polymeric insulators can be drastically enhanced by introducing a small volume fraction [Formula: see text] of conductive nanofillers. These nanocomposites find wide-ranging engineering applications from cellular metamaterials to strain sensors. In this work, we present a mathematical model to predict the effective electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer nanocomposites accounting for the conductivity, dimensions, volume fraction, and alignment of the CNTs. Eshelby’s classical equivalent inclusion method (EIM) is generalized to account for electron-hopping—a key mechanism of electron transport across CNTs, and is validated with experimental data. Two measurements, namely, the limit angle of filler orientation and the probability distribution function, are used to control the alignment of CNTs within the composites. Our simulations show that decreasing the angle from a uniformly random distribution to a fully aligned state significantly reduces the transverse electrical conductivity, while the longitudinal conductivity shows less sensitivity to angle variation. Moreover, it is observed that distributing CNTs with non-uniform probability distribution functions results in an increase in longitudinal conductivity and a decrease in transverse conductivity, with these differences becoming more pronounced as the volume fraction of CNTs is increased. A reduction in CNT length decreases the effective electrical conductivity due to the reduced number of available conductive pathways while reducing CNT diameter increases the conductivity.
Compliance with guideline recommendations in the management of patients with hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Bakir Ekinci Pinar , Kara Emre , Telli Dizman Gulcin , Metin Sefa , Inkaya Ahmet Cagkan , Demirkan Kutay , Coplu Lutfi , Unal Serhat
Published: February 2024

Compliance with guidelines in the empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is very important to increase treatment success and reduce mortality. This study aimed to determine compliance with guideline recommendations for CAP and define the role of the clinical pharmacist (CP). Patients diagnosed with CAP were evaluated retrospectively between January 2018 and January 2020 and prospectively between February 2020 and February 2021. Compliance with guidelines was evaluated according to the local, national (Turkish Thoracic Society), and international (American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) guidelines. A total of 751 patients (423 in the retrospective and 328 in the prospective period) were included. It was determined that the 30-day mortality and length of stay were higher in patients who were not treated according to the guidelines. The compliance for empirical treatments was 16.3%–59.1% and 7.8%–30.1% in retrospective and prospective periods, respectively. During the prospective period, a total of 603 recommendations were made by CP, and 578 (95.9%) were accepted and implemented. In the prospective period, treatment duration was shortened, inappropriate fluoroquinolone use was decreased, the switch to oral treatment was increased, and the number of potential drug–drug interactions was decreased (p < 0.001). Compliance with guidelines is essential to be improved to reduce mortality, shorten the length of stay, determine the appropriate antimicrobial duration, and reduce the use of fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum antibiotics unless necessary. CP intervention contributes to the rational selection of antimicrobials, limiting drug–drug interactions, avoiding toxicities, and compliance with guidelines.
Biederman’s Contribution to the Understanding of Executive Function in ADHD
Authors: Schachar Russell , Crosbie Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To examine the theoretical and empirical contribution of Joe Biederman and his colleagues to the understanding of executive function (EF) and ADHD.

Method:

We searched PubMed for references to EF in Biederman’s publications and conducted a narrative review of this literature.

Results:

In 50 or more papers using neuropsychological tests, rating scales and measures of mind wandering, Biederman demonstrated that EF are evident in ADHD and closely linked to its underlying neurobiological and genetic risk. He argued that EF need to be monitoring to ensure comprehensive assessment and treatment, but could not be used as a diagnostic proxy.

Conclusion:

Biederman built an innovative and impressive collaboration to address the issue of EF in ADHD. His work shows a commitment to understanding of EF in order to improve patient care. Biederman laid down a roadmap for research in ADHD and EF for the rest of the field to follow.
Use of a Novel Beyeonics One Three-dimensional Head-mounted Digital Visualization Platform in Vitreoretinal surgeries
Authors: Schwartz Shulamit , Gomel Nir , Loewenstein Anat , Barak Adiel
Published: February 2024

Background

Ophthalmic microscopes have been crucial in visualizing surgical fields, but their limitations in enhancing the surgical view through digital image processing have prompted the development of digital surgical microscopes. The Beyeonics One microscope, a novel digital microscope, offers ophthalmic surgeons a 3D visualization platform and an augmented reality (AR) surgical headset, potentially improving surgical decision-making and outcomes. While its initial use has been described in cataract and corneal surgeries, its application in vitreoretinal surgery remains relatively unexplored.

Methods

In this interventional case series, we collected data from the medical records of patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery using the Beyeonics One 3D visualization platform at the Tel Aviv Medical Center. A total of 36 eyes from 36 subjects were included. Surgical techniques included retinal detachment surgeries and macular surgeries, performed by experienced surgeons. The surgical visualization was facilitated by the Beyeonics One 3D head-mounted display (HMD) platform.

Results

The procedures were uneventful, and none intra- or postoperative complications were reported, and surgeons did not experience any signal delay in the real-time video.

Discussion

The Beyeonics One microscope offers several potential advantages in vitreoretinal surgery, including digital image processing, enhanced depth perception through the 3D HMD platform, and hands-free image control using head gestures. While this study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the Beyeonics One microscope, addressing limitations related to hazy views and optimizing image quality are crucial for consistent visualization.
Structure-function relationship of reading performance in patients with early to moderate glaucoma
Authors: Akar Serpil , Tekeli Oya , Idil Aysun , Ozturker Zeynep Kayaarasi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess reading performance in patients with mild to moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to determine the relationship between reading ability and visual field (VF), microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.

Methods

Reading performance of 30 POAG patients examined by the Minnesota Reading Acuity Chart (MNREAD) was compared to that of 21 age-matched controls collected from Ankara University in Turkey. Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 SITA Standard and 10-2 patterns, and microperimetry were used for VF measurements. All subjects underwent OCT analysis for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), optic nerve head (ONH) measurements, and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT). The linear relationship between reading parameters and VF, microperimetry, and OCT parameters was investigated. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for glaucoma.

Results

In POAG patients, maximum reading speed (MRS) had a significant association with average rim area, mean cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and cup volume ( p < 0.05, for all). Decreased MRS was associated with thinner average GCIPLT and inferotemporal, superior, and inferior GCIPLT quadrants ( p < 0.05, for all). Global index values for the HFA 24-2/10-2 tests, microperimetry, and ONH/RNFLT parameters had no correlation with reading performance. After accounting for the better and worse eyes, gender, education, age, and visual acuity of the glaucoma patients, MRS score was 23 units lower in the worse eye ( p = 0.009), critical print size (CPS) was 0.21 units larger in the better eye ( p = 0.03) and 0.25 units larger in the worse eye ( p < 0.001), reading accesibility index (ACC) was 0.11 units lower in the better eye ( p = 0.02) and 0.13 units lower in the worse eye ( p = 0.002), and RA was 0.13 units higher in the worse eye ( p = 0.003) of POAG patients.

Conclusion

POAG had significantly lower reading performance when compared to healthy subjects. Reading speed was associated with decreased macular GCIPLT indicating that reading performance may be affected in the earlier stages of the disease.
Allocation of Adult Day Care Services to Different User Groups: A Register-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Burrell Lisa Victoria , Rostad Hanne Marie , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Raknes Sogstad Maren Kristine
Published: February 2024

The international policy of active ageing emphasises activities and social relations for long-term care recipients, for example through adult day care. Knowledge about who are allocated such services is, however, sparse. We aimed to investigate characteristics that contribute to determine allocation of adult day care for care recipients with and without dementia. This study selected all 250 687 individuals who received long-term care services on 31 December 2019 from the Norwegian Register for Primary Health Care. We added municipal level data from the Municipality-State-Reporting register and a national survey. Multilevel analyses comparing allocation of adult day care services to other services found that municipal clustering was around 20%. Care recipients who lived alone had higher odds of receiving adult day care, while the odds of receiving adult day care decreased as age increased. Disability level and gender were also significantly associated with allocation of adult day care, but in different directions for different user groups. As the unrestricted revenues of municipalities increased, the odds of allocating adult day care to people without dementia decreased. Other municipality characteristics did not significantly impact the allocation of adult day care. In conclusion, individual characteristics were more influential in allocation of adult day care than municipality characteristics, and the results uncovered clear differences between care recipients with and without dementia.
Rapid evidence assessment of student-assisted assessment and brief intervention clinics: Addressing the gaps in rural and remote health care
Authors: Varela Sharon M , Wells Georgia , Henderson Mason , Collins Danielle , Stenhouse Lynette , Subramaniam Prema
Published: February 2024

Objectives

With high disease and disability burden in rural and remote regions, student-assisted clinics can be an effective workforce development tool to meet community health needs and workforce shortages. This research sought to identify the conditions under which student-assisted clinics can be successfully utilised as a workforce development strategy, with specific application to remote Queensland, Australia.

Methods

A rapid review of the international literature in English was conducted. This was the most appropriate type of review because the results of the review were time-sensitive, with the student-assisted clinic model being trialled in Queensland soon. A mixed methods design was applied, with the search strategy piloted with one database.

Results

Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven reported data on participant experiences, including consumers, students, services/clinics, and educators/supervisors/health professionals. Each of the studies operationalised student-assisted clinics through practice models (university-driven learning need), service delivery models (service driven need addressed through a student workforce), community need models (student delivered services primarily addressing a community health need), and blended models (practice need and community need). Some studies reported concerns about fragmentation of services, referral pathways and issues with follow-up, while others reported concerns about sustainable funding. All models reported successful outcomes when focused on service or consumer health outcomes, or student learning outcomes.

Conclusions

Student-assisted clinics make an important contribution to the development of the rural and remote health workforce. Student-assisted clinics can complement and extend existing services, supporting workforce development in an overstretched health system impacted by an ongoing pandemic.
Evaluation of the satisfaction and experiences of oncology patients and doctors using teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kastrisiou Myrto , Karimi Maryam , Christou Evangelos AA , Bizot Alexandra , Ropers Marie-Alix , De-Jesus Anne , Mokdad-Adi Meriem , To Thi Hong Van , Viansone Alessandro , Delaloge Suzette , Besse Benjamin , Kfoury Maria
Published: February 2024

Introduction

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Gustave Roussy Cancer Center introduced teleconsultation via telephone, as an alternative to face-to-face consultation to reduce patient hospital visits. This study was designed to assess patient and doctor satisfaction with this modality of care in oncology patient care during the period of the pandemic and beyond.

Methods

We designed two questionnaires based on validated scores to assess satisfaction from teleconsultation in patients (EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire [TSQ] scores) and doctors (Telehealth Usability Questionnaire [TUQ]), and anxiety levels in both groups (anxiety section of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], HADS-A). These were electronically sent to patients and doctors with experience of at least one remote consultation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

239 patients and 32 doctors were eligible for the analyses. In the patient group, the mean satisfaction scores were 79.5 (SD 18.1) and 74.92 (SD 15.3) for EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ, respectively. In the doctor group, the mean satisfaction scores were 67.1 (SD 12.7) and 64.9 (SD 13.9) for TUQ and TUQ for Skype for Business, respectively. 65.7% of patients and 81.2% of doctors had no/low anxiety. Univariable analyses in patients showed correlation of the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ scores with anxiety and gender, with lower mean scores in women compared to men. Multivariable analysis showed correlation of the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ scores to anxiety in both patients and doctors.

Conclusions

Teleconsultation via telephone is an acceptable modality of care for oncology patients, with high satisfaction from its implementation during the pandemic reported by patients and doctors. This was consistent across responder groups with different characteristics. An individualized approach to patients should be implemented for the safe and effective use of teleconsultation in oncology beyond the pandemic.
The impact of future L2 selves and positive emotions on self-regulated writing strategies: A mixed method approach
Authors: Wang Yabing , Xu Jian , Li Huiyin , Qi Jiamin
Published: February 2024

While extensive research supported the facilitative role of motivation in general self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use, its connection to writing-specific SRL strategy use remains underexplored. Furthermore, the exploration of the interplay between motivation and SRL strategy use in second or foreign (L2) writing was absent within the motivational-self system. Even less is known about the mechanism between motivational factors and SRL strategy use in L2 writing. This study aims to fill the gap by testing the mediating role of positive emotions (enjoyment, pride, and hope) between future L2 writing selves (ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self) and SRL strategy use in the Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) writing context with a mixed method design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. Three hundred and sixty students enrolled in College English writing classes were recruited and they reported their responses to standardized measures. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that positive emotions partially mediated the link between ideal L2 writing selves and SRL but not between ought-to L2 writing selves and SRL. Semi-structured interviews about students’ in-depth perceptions of the three constructs complemented our quantitative results. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are also discussed.
Policy opinions regarding the teaching of Critical Race Theory in schools
Authors: Ertas Nevbahar , McKnight Andrew N
Published: February 2024

Critical Race Theory (CRT) has recently been positioned as a serious problem requiring urgent policy response among partisan media outlets. Making a case for pressing policy demands, several policy makers have proposed federal, state, and local level legislation and other measures to restrict how race, racism, or American history in general can be taught in K-12 schools, higher education institutions, and state agencies. Anti-CRT rhetoric in media and policy proposals have also propagated the notion of CRT as being divisive as well as ubiquitous in public education. Given this, it is critical to examine whether policy opinions regarding reactionary legislation is based on a real understanding of CRT. We conduct a conceptual and theoretical inquiry into anti-CRT rhetoric relying on the sociological concepts of moral panics and folk devils. Then, we examine familiarity, knowledge, ideology, policy beliefs, and policy opinions regarding CRT in education using nationally representative survey data. The analysis showed that most parents are not familiar with CRT, and the average parent neither opposes nor supports teaching of CRT. The opposition to teaching of CRT is largely driven by political affiliation and related ideological beliefs and positions.
Non-destructive techniques for corrosion detection: A review
Authors: Vasagar Vivek , Hassan Mohammad K. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Karre Avinashkumar V. , Chen Beibei , Kim Kyoungtae , Al-Qahtani Noora , Cai Tianxing
Published: February 2024

Corrosion detection (CD) has become a high priority in chemical industries, defense and transportation sectors to extend the life of existing or new systems while ensuring the safety of the existing components and reducing downtime to minimise economic losses. Here, this article is aimed to review and discuss non-destructive techniques used widely in the industry to detect, monitor and repair corrosion problems early on. The comprehensive review provides a detailed discussion, a functional mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of crucial non-destructive CD techniques widely used in the industry, helping the reader choose the type of corrosion monitoring methods effectively. An extensive literature review of visual and optical testing techniques, acoustic emissions, eddy current, guided wave and equipment, infrared thermography, radiographic, microwave and millimeter wave, and terahertz imaging is discussed. The underlying mechanism, its merits and limitations, along with the usage scenario, is explained that can be related across different areas making it interdisciplinary research for corrosion monitoring techniques.
Acute pulpitis promotes purinergic signaling to induce pain in rats via P38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Yangxi , Hu Jun , Qi Fang , Kang Yiqun , Zhang Tiejun , Wang Li
Published: February 2024

Toothache is one of the most common types of pain, but the mechanisms underlying pulpitis-induced pain remain unknown. The ionotropic purinergic receptor family (P2X) is reported to mediate nociception in the nervous system. This study aims to investigate the involvement of P2X3 in the sensitisation of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the inflammation caused by acute pulpitis. An acute tooth inflammation model was established by applying LPS to the pulp of SD rats. We found that the increased expression of P2X3 was induced by acute pulpitis. A selective P2X3 inhibitor (A-317491) reduced pain-like behavior in the maxillofacial region of rats and depressed the activation of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion induced by pulpitis. The upregulated MAPK signaling (p-p38, p-ERK1/2) expression in the ipsilateral TG induced by pulpitis could also be depressed by the application of the P2X3 inhibitor. Furthermore, the expression of markers of inflammatory processes, such as NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β, could be induced by acute pulpitis and deduced by the intraperitoneal injection of P2X3 antagonists. Our findings demonstrate that purinergic P2X3 receptor signaling in TG neurons contributes to pulpitis-induced pain in rats and that P2X3 signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for tooth pain.
Deaf readers use leftward information to read more efficiently: Evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Stringer Casey , Cooley Frances , Saunders Emily , Emmorey Karen , Schotter Elizabeth R
Published: February 2024

Little is known about how information to the left of fixation impacts reading and how it may help to integrate what has been read into the context of the sentence. To better understand the role of this leftward information and how it may be beneficial during reading, we compared the sizes of the leftward span for reading-matched deaf signers ( n = 32) and hearing adults ( n = 40) using a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm with windows of 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 characters to the left, as well as a no-window condition. All deaf participants were prelingually and profoundly deaf, used American Sign Language (ASL) as a primary means of communication, and were exposed to ASL before age eight. Analysis of reading rates indicated that deaf readers had a leftward span of 10 characters, compared to four characters for hearing readers, and the size of the span was positively related to reading comprehension ability for deaf but not hearing readers. These findings suggest that deaf readers may engage in continued word processing of information obtained to the left of fixation, making reading more efficient, and showing a qualitatively different reading process than hearing readers.
Mathematics anxiety and number processing: The link between executive functions, cardinality, and ordinality
Authors: Skagerlund Kenny , Skagenholt Mikael , Träff Ulf
Published: February 2024

One important factor that hampers children’s learning of mathematics is math anxiety (MA). Still, the mechanisms by which MA affects performance remain debated. The current study investigated the relationship between MA, basic number processing abilities (i.e., cardinality and ordinality processing), and executive functions in school children enrolled in grades 4–7 ( N = 127). Children were divided into a high math anxiety group ( N  = 29) and a low math anxiety group ( N = 31) based on the lowest quartile and the highest quartile. Using a series of analyses of variances, we find that highly math-anxious students do not perform worse on cardinality processing tasks (i.e., digit comparison and non-symbolic number sense), but that they perform worse on numerical and non-numerical ordinality processing tasks. We demonstrate that children with high MA show poorer performance on a specific aspect of executive functions—shifting ability. Our models indicate that shifting ability is tied to performance on both the numerical and non-numerical ordinality processing tasks. A central factor seems to be the involvement of executive processes during ordinality judgements, and executive functions may constitute the driving force behind these delays in numerical competence in math-anxious children.
The effect of part-list cuing on associative recognition
Authors: Liu Tuanli , Hao Xingfeng , Zhang Xingyuan , Bai Xuejun , Xing Min
Published: February 2024

The modulation of part-list cuing on item memory has been well-documented, whereas its impact on associative memory remains largely unknown. The present study explored the effect of part-list cuing on associative recognition and, more specifically, whether this forgetting effect caused by part-list cuing is more sensitive to recollection or familiarity in recognition memory. Experiments 1a and 1b combined the intact/rearranged/new judgement task of associative recognition with the classical part-list cuing paradigm, and the result showed that part-list cuing impaired the recognition accuracy of “intact” and “rearranged” face–scene pairs. Moreover, the discriminability score of relational recognition and item recognition was significantly decreased in the part-list cuing condition compared to the no-part-list cuing condition. Experiments 2a and 2b further used the Remember/Know/Guess task to explore which recognition processes (recollection vs. familiarity) were sensitive to the presentation of part-list cuing. The results showed that part-list cuing reduced the familiarity of relational recognition and the recollection and familiarity of item recognition. These findings suggest that part-list cuing was harmful to the recognition of relationships (familiarity) and items (recollection and familiarity) in associative memory.
Oncological outcomes in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: the value of PSA density as a preoperative predictive factor
Authors: Vives Dilme Roser , Rivas Juan Gómez , Fernández Hernández Laura , De la Parra Sánchez Irene , Sánchez del Hoyo Rafael , Galante Romo María Isabel , Redondo González Enrique , Senovilla Pérez José Luis , Fernández Montarroso Lorena , Moreno Sierra Jesús
Published: February 2024

Background:

Pretreatment assessment of patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa) is essential for therapeutic decision-making. Currently available staging systems based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and clinical stage allow for determining the prognostic characteristics of these patients. Several studies have evaluated the preoperative use of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as a prognostic factor for further risk stratification. To date, the role of PSAD in this setting is still an object of debate.

Objectives:

The present analysis aimed to assess the predictive potential of PSAD for adverse oncological outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and to compare its accuracy to preoperative PSA (pPSA).

Design and methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 427 patients diagnosed with localized PCa who underwent RARP at a single institution between January 2015 and January 2020. Generating receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, calculating areas under the curves (AUCs), and using a linear regression model, we analyzed the association of PSAD and pPSA with postoperative positive surgical margins (PSM), Gleason score ⩾ 7, persistent PSA, and biochemical recurrence (BCR), with a median follow-up of 47 months.

Results:

PSAD showed a significant association with PSM ( p < 0.0001), PSA persistence ( p < 0.0001), and Gleason ⩾ 7 ( p < 0.0001), without being statistically significant in predicting BCR ( p = 0.098). The predictive value of PSAD was comparable to pPSA for outcomes of PSA persistence (AUC 0.727 versus 0.771) and Gleason ⩾ 7 (AUC 0.683 versus 0.649).

Conclusion:

PSAD is a predictive factor for postoperative oncological outcomes of PSM, Gleason score ⩾ 7, and persistence of PSA. Despite the need for further studies, PSAD could be useful as a prognostic parameter in conjunction with established staging systems.
Plasma ddPCR for the detection of MET amplification in advanced NSCLC patients: a comparative real-world study
Authors: Su Jun-Wei , Weng Cheng-Di , Lin Xiao-Cheng , Fang Mei-Mei , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Yi-Chen , Zhang Xu-Chao , Su Jian , Xu Chong-Rui , Yan Hong-Hong , Chen Hua-Jun , Wu Yi-Long , Yang Jin-Ji
Published: February 2024

Background:

Mesenchymal–epithelial transition ( MET) amplification is a crucial oncogenic driver and a resistance mechanism to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold standard for MET amplification detection. However, it is inapplicable when tissue samples are unavailable.

Objective:

This study assessed the performance of plasma droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in MET amplification detection in NSCLC patients.

Design and methods:

A total of 87 NSCLC patients were enrolled, and 94 paired tissue and plasma samples were analyzed for the concordance between FISH and plasma ddPCR/tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS) in detecting MET amplification. In addition, the efficacy of patients with MET amplification using different detection methods who were treated with MET-TKIs was evaluated.

Results:

Plasma ddPCR showed substantial concordance with FISH (74.1% sensitivity, 92.5% specificity, and 87.2% accuracy with a kappa value of 0.68) and outperformed tissue NGS (kappa value of 0.64) in MET amplification detection. Combined plasma ddPCR and tissue NGS showed substantial concordance with FISH (92.3% sensitivity, 89.2% specificity, and an accuracy of 90.1% with a kappa value of 0.77). The efficacy is comparable in these NSCLC patients with MET amplification detected by FISH and plasma ddPCR who were treated with MET-TKIs.

Conclusion:

Plasma ddPCR is a potentially reliable method for detecting MET amplification in advanced NSCLC patients. Combined plasma ddPCR and tissue NGS might be an alternative or complementary method to MET amplification detection.
Impact of green investments, green economic growth and renewable energy consumption on environmental, social, and governance practices to achieve the sustainable development goals: A sectoral analysis in the ASEAN economies
Authors: Phan Thuy Chung
Published: February 2024

The study inspects the seven sectors of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economies to explore the impact of consumption of clean energy, green bonds, and green economic advancement on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices to attain sustainable development goals (SDGs). The ESG aspects are individually explored from 2011 to 2020. It is observed that the key determinants of ESG practices are green economic advancement, clean energy, and green financing. Moreover, these determinants positively and significantly track the ASEAN economies toward attaining SDGs. The determinants play a vital role in sustainable advancement even when explored individually using different regression models. The linkages between the explanatory and outcome variables remain consistent after controlling other variables like climate regulatory quality, foreign direct investment, and gross domestic product. The study provides solid implications for stakeholders, environmental activists, and governments of ASEAN economies. The findings also infer sustainable business practices via creating an association between ESG practices, green economy, clean energy, and green financing.
Breaking the Mold: HRD and Social Entrepreneurship – A Recipe for Progress
Authors: Huyler Debaro , McGill Craig M.
Published: February 2024

Social entrepreneurship practices integrate aspects from the private, public, and non-profit sectors into a cohesive practice. This paper advocates for the integration of human resource development (HRD) research and practices into social entrepreneurship initiatives to drive progress and build effective organizations committed to positive social change and value creation. By exploring HRD insights on ethical organizational strategies, initiatives for workforce development, and their impact on employee engagement and attitudes, we contend that HRD professionals can significantly contribute to the success of social entrepreneurship.
Distance learning technologies and their legal regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Apakhayev Nurlan , Mussabekova Indira , Bugybay Dina , Kuandykov Kaldarbek , Koishybaiuly Kuanysh
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the pressing relevance of implementing distance learning technology in the Republic of Kazakhstan across various educational levels, guided by the framework of legal regulation. The study aims to investigate the benefits of using diverse distance learning technologies in modern education, improving access, motivation, and flexibility while fostering environmental awareness and societal prosperity. The chosen methodology is based on the diagnostic testing method to assess and analyze the educational needs and preferences of students. The study involved 100 participants, ranging in age from 19 to 26, from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. The study shows important signs and criteria for incorporating distance learning into legal rules in a way that works. These include factors related to the environment, motivation, cognition, analysis, and culture. This transformation of education aligns with real-life situations, adapting to changing circumstances and allowing students to select distance learning when necessary. The implementation of modern technology in distance education facilitates profound knowledge acquisition while accommodating evolving personal circumstances, ultimately fostering a conducive environment for continued high-quality education at cognitive and social levels.
Cerebrospinal fluid shunting for the management of cryptococcal meningitis: a scoping review
Authors: Cornejo-Venegas Gonzalo , Carreras Xosse , Salcedo Andrea S. , Soriano-Moreno David R. , Salinas Jorge L. , Alave Jorge
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This scoping review aimed to describe studies that evaluate the management of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, types of shunts used, and clinically relevant patient outcomes.

Methods:

We searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science/Core collection, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 April 2022. We included two-arm and one-arm cohort studies that evaluated clinically relevant patient outcomes. Case reports were used to describe the type of CSF shunts used and the rationale behind its selection. The selection and extraction processes were independently performed by two authors.

Results:

This study included 20 cohort studies and 26 case reports. Only seven cohort studies compared two groups. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was the most commonly used type of shunt (82.1%). The main indications for placing a shunt were persistently high opening pressure (57.1%) and persisting neurological symptoms or deterioration (54.3%). Cohort studies suggest that patients with shunt showed improvement in some outcomes such as neurological symptoms and hospital stay length. The most common shunt complications were post-operative fever (1–35.6%) and shunt obstruction (7–16%).

Conclusion:

CSF shunts may improve some clinically relevant outcomes in patients with CM, but the evidence is very uncertain.
Giant liposarcoma of the thigh: A case report
Authors: Suleiman Jamil , Mremi Alex , Tadayo Joshua , Lodhia Jay
Published: February 2024

Liposarcoma is a tumor derived from primitive cells that undergo adipose differentiation. They comprise 10%–35% of all soft tissue sarcomas. We present a 46-year-old female patient with a 4-year history of a giant swelling on the lateral aspect of the left thigh. Wide local excision of the mass was performed and histopathological analysis revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. Liposarcomas commonly appear in the extremities and have distinct features on imaging studies. Surgical treatment and histology are the most important prognostic factors for patients with lipomatous tumors, as complete surgical excision reduces local recurrence rate.
A temperature-controlled radio frequency combined with ultrasounds and laser for skin laxity and cellulitis
Authors: Scarcella Giuseppe , Pennati Beatrice Marina
Published: February 2024

Skin laxity and Oedematous Fibrosclerotic Panniculopathy are common issues affecting the women population. Finding and developing treatments to counteract ageing indications and conform to social norms of beauty has been increasingly important in aesthetic medicine in recent times. Many non-invasive techniques, including radiofrequency, lasers, and ultrasounds, have been created. This study used a multi-handpiece device with laser (808 nm) and ultrasound (37 kHz) handpieces, as well as radiofrequency and various temperature-controlling applicators depending on the body site (3 or 6 tips). Based on their clinical features, 12 women with skin laxity on their arms, face/neck area, or lower limbs at phases I–III were divided evenly into two study groups. The majority of patients reported ‘Excellent-3’ treatment outcomes after it was over, and their impression of the course of treatment was generally better than the investigators. An objective analysis of the anthropometric measurement data shows a progressive decrease in circumferences, tight plicometry and body weight. In summary, the specific use of an radiofrequency handpiece with a temperature sensor decreased the likelihood of side effects, even with a small study population group. This increased patient compliance with treatment and overall satisfaction with the outcomes.
Bible Translation into Pasaale by a Muslim and by Christians: A Comparison
Authors: Dapila Fabian N.
Published: February 2024

This study compares two translations of the Gospel of Mark in the Pasaale language, one by a Muslim and another by trained Christian translators. The research aims to assess translation quality by examining key biblical terms, idioms, cultural nuances, and related factors. It highlights the persistent belief within some Christian Bible translation agencies that only Christians should undertake such work without compromise. Allegedly, some agencies even conceal the faith of non-Christian translators, potentially misleading Christian users of the translation. The study, conducted by a non-speaker of Pasaale with the assistance of a trained translator, seeks to determine whether the translator’s faith impacts the quality of their translation when working on scriptures of a different faith. This research contributes to discussions on the interplay between faith and translation quality, particularly in multicultural contexts like Ghana.
The Chinese 天经 Tiānjīng Al-Kitab Al-Muqadas: Textual, Terminological, and Audience Considerations
Authors: Wong Simon
Published: February 2024

The article offers a critical study of the first and only translation of the Bible using Chinese Muslim terminology, the 天经 Tiānjīng Al-Kitab Al-Muqadas, with respect to its textual base and the model text involved, the terminology used and its relationship to the Chinese Muslim community, and the audience and reception of the work.
God Talk: Christians Talking with Muslims in Buddhist Thailand
Authors: Pattemore Stephen
Published: February 2024

Religions use language in particular ways to attribute honour to humans and divine beings. This leads to complications in communication within the one Thai language but across social boundaries, specifically between Christianity and Islam. These two religious movements of Middle Eastern origin have established a presence in Thai society and made different adaptations to the ways of talking, particularly about people of status or divinity. Language use is often a marker of social group membership. This presents challenges when the religious communities seek to talk to each other. After outlining the different hierarchical strata of the Thai language, I examine how the Christian tradition has adopted it to speak about God, human kings, and Jesus as a special case, and the different approach of Islam. The focal question of the paper is: How do the religious traditions speak to each other in ways that generate understanding and cooperation rather than rejection and division?
Saʿadia Gaon’s Tafsīr of the Hebrew Bible in an Arab-Muslim Context: A Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Hanna Sameh
Published: February 2024

There is a widely held assumption that translating sacred texts in line with the sociocultural and linguistic contexts of specific audiences is a recent trend that came out of nowhere, one that is motivated by the eccentric interests of an isolated group of translators whose translation strategies and products are deemed non-conformist at best or heretical at worst. This article calls this assumption into question using a case study of the work of Saʿadia Gaon (882–942), one of the pioneer translators of the Hebrew Bible into Judaeo-Arabic. The key hypothesis on which this paper is premised is that Saʿadia’s tafsīr strategies effected a paradigmatic shift in the Arabic translation of the biblical text. Through studying specific examples from Saʿadia’s translation of the Torah and the book of Psalms, this article seeks to identify his translation strategies, locating them in the sociocultural context in which he produced the translations. Specific focus is laid on issues around anthropomorphism and the use of idiomatic Islamic expressions. The article also reflects on the reception of Saʿadia’s work and the impact it had on later generations of translators and readers.