bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of destructive effects on materials with different energy electron bombardment
Authors: Tan Nongchao , Wu Ping , Hua Ye , Sun Jun , Huang Wenhui , Huang Wenhua
Published: January 2021

In the study of breakdown in high power microwave (HPM) devices, researchers pay attention to the plasma effects caused by material ablation under electron bombardment. In this paper, the destruction of material under the bombardment of electrons with a range of energies around 100 keV is investigated. The simulation results reveal that low-energy electrons are more likely to cause ablation damage to the material, with the location of maximal energy deposition density close to the material’s surface. The experiment has a good agreement with the simulation results. Compared with high-energy electrons, the damage traces bombarded by low-energy electrons are more serious, possessing the characteristics of large size and shallow depth. This abnormal physics phenomenon provides a reference for the breakdown of HPM devices and the surface treatment of materials by pulsed electron beams.
GdN/SmN superlattices; influence of a Zeeman/exchange conflict
Authors: Anton E.-M. , Holmes-Hewett W. F. , McNulty J. F. , Natali F. , Bramley F. , Choi Y. , Haskel D. , Ruck B. J. , Trodahl H. J.
Published: January 2021

GdN and SmN are two of the lanthanide nitrides, most of which are intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors. Superlattices comprising the pair offer a unique opportunity to investigate heterojunctions that feature simultaneous conductivity and magnetic interface influences. Here we report an investigation of these influences, using magnetisation and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism for magnetic effects, and magnetoresistance and Hall effect studies of their electrical conductance. Magnetic data show clear signatures of a conflicting Zeeman vs. interfacial exchange and the magnetic disruption that results, while resistivity and Hall measurements show conduction in both GdN and SmN.
Highly-sensitive magnetic sensor for detecting magnetic nanoparticles based on magnetic tunnel junctions at a low static field
Authors: Jin Z. , Koo Thomas Myeongseok , Kim Myeong Soo , Al-Mahdawi M. , Oogane M. , Ando Y. , Kim Young Keun
Published: January 2021

Magnetic sensors to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) towards biomedical applications require very high sensitivity at low magnetic fields. Here we report a magnetic sensor consisting of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer. This sensor exhibits a low magnetic anisotropy and sensitivities of over 18%/Oe at low fields in the range of 0 to 3 Oe. We employ superparamagnetic MNPs with a large diameter of 200 nm. The sensor’s transfer curves show the magnetoresistance (MR) variations as a function of MNP concentration. We demonstrate the detection capability of MNP amounts of below 500 ng and low MNP concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/ml in solvents. This result suggests that the combination of high-sensitivity TMR sensors and large MNPs has a substantial potential for biomarker detection applications.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-HfO2 nanoparticles by hyperfine interactions measurements
Authors: Sales T. S. N. , Burimova A. , Rodrigues P. S. , Matos I. T. , Cabrera-Pasca G. A. , Saxena R. N. , Pereira L. F. D. , Otubo L. , Carbonari A. W.
Published: January 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) that combine biocompatibility and enhanced physical characteristics for biomedical applications are currently an area of intense scientific research. Hafnium oxide NPs are an innovative approach in the anticancer treatment by radiotherapy due to their low toxicity and enhancement of local dose in the tumor reducing the total radiation dose for the patient. The combination of this property with the excellent magnetic hyperthermia performance of Fe3O4 NPs can produce a promising nanomaterial for cancer therapy. In this work, we attempted to synthesize nanoscale samples of HfO2 doped with nominal 10 at.% Fe, and Fe3O4 doped with Hf at 10 at.% level using simple chemical routes. The crystal structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The material was irradiated with neutrons in a research reactor, the nuclear reaction 180Hf(n, γ)181Hf yielding the probe nucleus 181Hf(181Ta) used in the perturbed angular correlations experiments to measure hyperfine interactions. Despite their immediate response to the external magnetic field, at local level both samples showed only electric quadrupole interaction typical of the monoclinic hafnia indicating that Fe replaces Hf in HfO2 NPs, but, rather than substituting Fe, Hf enters magnetite in the form of HfO2 clusters. Transmission Electron Microscopy was exploited to study the morphology of these complex systems, as well as to localize hafnia clusters and understand the nature of their coupling to Fe3O4 specks.
Synthetic Cannabinomimetics: A Brief History and the Challenges They Pose for the Forensic Chemist
Authors: Collins Michael
Published: January 2021

Since the first detection of synthetic cannabinomimetics in herbal smoking blends in 2008 the clandestine production of these compounds, based on seizure data, increased in number every year until ~2012. In recent years there has been a decline in synthetic cannabinomimetic production both in number and diversity. The synthetic details of the first generation cannabinoids were documented in the scientific and medical literature making production comparatively simple. Subsequent generations of synthetic cannabinoids involved more complex but still very practicable synthetic chemistry. This resulted in a period of rapid growth in synthetic cannabinoids creating a health crisis and problems for forensic chemists faced with many substances for which no certified reference materials existed. Routine forensic chemistry laboratories were well practiced at identifying known drugs using chromatographic–mass spectrometric techniques and comparison to reference materials. However as synthetic cannabinomimetics, often referred to in the literature as synthetic cannabinoids, appeared in large numbers, few laboratories were equipped with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers and high resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) required for identification of unknown substances. These developments also challenged public prosecutors for opinions from forensic experts as to the legality or otherwise of these novel drugs.
Understanding the general practice nursing workforce in New Zealand: an overview of characteristics 2015–19
Authors: Hewitt Sarah L. , Sheridan Nicolette F. , Hoare Karen , Mills Jane E.
Published: January 2021

Limited knowledge about the nursing workforce in New Zealand general practice inhibits the optimal use of nurses in this increasingly complex setting. Using workforce survey data published biennially by the Nursing Council of New Zealand, this study describes the characteristics of nurses in general practice and contrasts them with the greater nursing workforce, including consideration of changes in the profiles between 2015 and 2019. The findings suggest the general practice nursing workforce is older, less diverse, more predominately New Zealand trained and very much more likely to work part-time than other nurses. There is evidence that nurses in general practice are increasingly primary health care focused, as they take on expanded roles and responsibilities. However, ambiguity about terminology and the inability to track individuals in the data are limitations of this study. Therefore, it was not possible to identify and describe cohorts of nurses in general practice by important characteristics, such as prescribing authority, regionality and rurality. A greater national focus on defining and tracking this pivotal workforce is called for to overcome role confusion and better facilitate the use of nursing scopes of practice.
Synchronized eye movements predict test scores in online video education
Authors: Madsen Jens , Júlio Sara U. , Gucik Pawel J. , Steinberg Richard , Parra Lucas C.
Published: January 2021

Significance

Education is increasingly delivered online, but are students actually paying attention? Here we demonstrate that efficacy of video instruction can be assessed remotely with standard web cameras. Specifically, we show that attentive students have similar eye movements when watching instructional videos and that synchronization of eye movements is a good predictor of individual learning performance. Measuring synchronization of eye movements while preserving privacy, as we have shown here, has the potential to make online education adaptive to attentional state and advance mechanistic studies on the efficacy of different online education formats. Attention has become a commodity online. With the increasing abundance of video content, remote sensing of attention at scale may be relevant beyond education, including entertainment, advertising, and politics.
Realis converbs and irrealis converbs in Hwari Tibetan
Authors: Song Zhanfeng
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the realis converbs and irrealis converbs in Hwari (Dpa’ ris) Tibetan, an
Amdo Tibetan dialect spoken in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China. One peculiarity of Hwari
Tibetan morphosyntax is the existence of a large set of converbal suffixes. A survey of previous descriptions reveals a lack of
consensus in the analysis of these converbs. They have been included in the framework of Written Tibetan too often, which has led
to confusion regarding their typological status. A primary objective of our paper is to rectify this approach by describing the
language on its own terms by comparing the morphosyntactic behavior of eight selected suffixes with regard to relevant criteria,
such as realis and irrealis. This empirical research feeds back into the theoretical discussion, as it shows that the Hwari
Tibetan converbs can be described using conventional typological concepts if construed appropriately. Our second objective is to
explain the semantic and pragmatic properties of these converbs, particularly -na and -ta. The
conclusion is that the two converb types are located along a continuum from realis/irrealis to positive/negative, thus
constituting an instantiation of syntax-semantics isomorphism. The clause chaining in Hwari Tibetan is representative. By
describing the converbs in Hwari Tibetan from the perspective of realis and irrealis, and by focusing on the syntactic properties
and pragmatic features of -Ce in realis converbs and -Ca in irrealis converbs, it is revealed that the irrealis converbs
-na and -ta function in a unique way in Hwari Tibetan.
The morphology and semantics of presyllables in Hmong-Mien languages
Authors: Strecker David
Published: January 2021

The first components of sesquisyllabic and disyllabic words in languages of the Hmong-Mien family include forms which are believed by native speakers to be derived from phonologically fuller forms (characteristic of languages of the Mienic branch of the family) and forms which have lexical or grammatical significance (characteristic of languages of the Hmongic branch). Grammatical and phonological factors, not fully understood, determine when the first component of a sesquisyllabic word can be omitted, but the biggest challenge is to describe the meanings of lexical presyllables in Hmongic languages, which may require a consideration of both lexical semantics and ethno-semantics.
The sounds of Tawrã (Digaru-Mishmi), a Tibeto-Burman language
Authors: Evans Jonathan P. , Manyu Johakso
Published: January 2021

The present study is a phonological analysis of the segments and tones of the Tawrã language (ISO 69-3: mhu; Glottolog: Diga1241), a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and in Tibet, China. This paper, the first collaboration between a Tawrã-speaking non-linguist and a non-Tawrã-speaking linguist, attempts to clear up some confusion in the existing literature. For example, previous studies did not note that stop codas /-p, -k/ are in free variation with glides [-w, -j, ɰ], and that the morpheme, rather than the syllable, is the tone-bearing unit. Acoustic analyses provide justification for the phonemic representation of the vowels and the tones. Finally, the paper is designed to introduce Tawrã speakers to the recently standardized (2020) orthography, and to show how the letters and letter combinations function together as a system.
Beyond nominal tense
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y.
Published: January 2021

Tariana, an Arawak language from Brazil, has nominal markers which convey temporal and aspectual information about the noun phrase. Besides nominal future, there is a distinction between completed and non-completed nominal pasts. The completed nominal past has three meanings – decessive (‘late, gone’), temporal (‘former’), and commiserative or deprecatory (‘poor thing’). The latter is only applicable to humans and higher animates. The non-completed nominal past has a further semantic component of relevance of the state or property for the present time. The usage of the markers is governed by the principle of communicative necessity – in contrast to clausal, or propositional, tense-cum-evidentiality markers which are always obligatory. Having special means for expressing tense, aspect and relevance within a noun phrase – distinct from tense and aspect categories with clausal scope – constitutes a typologically rare feature of the language.
Nuclear envelope lipids request border surveillance
Authors: Köhler Alwin
Published: January 2021

In this issue, Thaller et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202004222) explore how the ESCRT protein Chm7 is recruited to sites of defective nuclear pore assembly. They show that a lipid, phosphatidic acid, is enriched at pathological nuclear envelope herniations, where it promotes Chm7 recruitment for membrane surveillance and repair.
SARS-CoV-2 induces human plasmacytoid predendritic cell diversification via UNC93B and IRAK4
Authors: Onodi Fanny , Bonnet-Madin Lucie , Meertens Laurent , Karpf Léa , Poirot Justine , Zhang Shen-Ying , Picard Capucine , Puel Anne , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Zhang Qian , Le Goff Jérôme , Molina Jean-Michel , Delaugerre Constance , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Amara Ali , Soumelis Vassili
Published: January 2021

Several studies have analyzed antiviral immune pathways in late-stage severe COVID-19. However, the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity are poorly understood. Here we have isolated primary SARS-CoV-2 viral strains and studied their interaction with human plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs), a key player in antiviral immunity. We show that pDCs are not productively infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, they efficiently diversified into activated P1-, P2-, and P3-pDC effector subsets in response to viral stimulation. They expressed CD80, CD86, CCR7, and OX40 ligand at levels similar to influenza virus–induced activation. They rapidly produced high levels of interferon-α, interferon-λ1, IL-6, IP-10, and IL-8. All major aspects of SARS-CoV-2–induced pDC activation were inhibited by hydroxychloroquine. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2–induced pDC activation critically depended on IRAK4 and UNC93B1, as established using pDC from genetically deficient patients. Overall, our data indicate that human pDC are efficiently activated by SARS-CoV-2 particles and may thus contribute to type I IFN–dependent immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Niche-specific MHC II and PD-L1 regulate CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocyte differentiation
Authors: Moon Sookjin , Park Yunji , Hyeon Sumin , Kim Young-Min , Kim Ji-Hae , Kim Hyekang , Park Subin , Lee Kun-Joo , Koo Bon-Kyoung , Ha Sang-Jun , Lee Seung-Woo
Published: January 2021

Conventional CD4+ T cells are differentiated into CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the intestine; however, the roles of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are poorly understood. Here, we showed that IECs expressed MHC class II (MHC II) and programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by the microbiota and IFN-γ in the distal part of the small intestine, where CD4+ T cells were transformed into CD4+CD8αα+ IELs. Therefore, IEC-specific deletion of MHC II and PD-L1 hindered the development of CD4+CD8αα+ IELs. Intracellularly, PD-1 signals supported the acquisition of CD8αα by down-regulating the CD4-lineage transcription factor, T helper–inducing POZ/Krüppel-like factor (ThPOK), via the Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) pathway. Our results demonstrate that noncanonical antigen presentation with cosignals from IECs constitutes niche adaptation signals to develop tissue-resident CD4+CD8αα+ IELs.
Key comparison study on protein quantification: purity-assessed recombinant protein contents in buffer solution using insulin analogue
Authors: Jeong Ji-Seon , Yim Yong-Hyeon , Liu Qinde , Yong Sharon , Liu Hong , Beltrão Paulo , Scapin Sandra , Sade Youssef , Garrido Bruno , Boeuf Amandine , Delatour Vincent , Kilpatrick Eric L , Lowenthal Mark S , Toman Blaza , Mi Wei , Wu Liqing , Wang Jing , Kinumi Tomoya , Henrion ; , Ohlendorf ;diger , Oztug Merve , Akgoz Muslum
Published: January 2021

Main text

The key comparison CCQM-K151 protein quantification: Purity-assessed recombinant protein contents in buffer solution using Insulin analogue was coordinated by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) under the auspices of the Protein Analysis Working Group (PAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM) CCQM.

Nine National Metrology Institutes and Designated Institutes participated. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of human insulin analogue (Ins) present as the main component in the comparison sample for CCQM-K151.

This study provided the means for assessing measurement capabilities for determination of purity-evaluated recombinant proteins up to 10 kDa containing up to 3 disulfide cross-links in an aqueous calibration solution using amino acid based ID-LC-MS. Sample purity was confirmed by coordinating lab. Nine results were submitted. All results applied the LC-MS/MS method and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) method for quantification of Ins by amino acid analysis through acid hydrolysis. Among nine results, the Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV) was assigned with six results. The assigned KCRV was the arithmetic mean of the six results, of 3440 mg/kg with a combined standard uncertainty of 13.5 mg/kg, the k-factor for the estimation of the expanded uncertainty of the KCRVs was chosen as k=2.57. Three participants, reported lower values than the other six, requested another set of test materials for additional experiments to investigate source of discrepancy in their results, and therefore were excluded from KCRV estimation in CCQM-K151. Three participants progressed substantial experiments with further investigation into their negative-biased factor, and actively proved their measurement capability. The degree of equivalence (with the KCRV) and its uncertainty was calculated for each result. Six of the participants were able to demonstrate the ability to quantitatively determine purity-assessed recombinant protein in buffer solution.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Uncooperative Effect of Hydrogen Bond on Water Dimer
Authors: Li Danhui , Zhang Zhiyuan , Jiang Wanrun , Zhu Yu , Gao Yi , Wang Zhigang
Published: January 2021

The water dimer demonstrates a completely different protype in water systems, it prefers not forming larger clusters instead existing in vapor phase stably, which contracts the viewpoint of the cooperative effect of hydrogen bond (O–H ··· O). It is well accepted that the cooperative effect is beneficial to forming more hydrogen bonds (O–H ··· O), leading to stronger H-bond (H ··· O) and increase in the O–H bond length with contraction of intermolecular distance. Herein, the high-precision ab initio methods of calculations applied on water dimer shows that the O–H bond length decreases and H-bond (H ··· O) becomes weaker with decreasing H-bond length and O ··· O distance, which can be considered as the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond (O–H ··· O). It is ascribed to the exchange repulsion of electrons, which results in decrease of the O–H bond length and prevents the decrease in the O ··· O distance connected with the increasing scale of water clusters. Our findings highlight the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond attributed to exchange repulsion of electrons as the mechanism for stabilizing water dimer in vapor phase, and open a new perspective for studies of hydrogen-bonded systems.
Prediction of Superhard BN2 with High Energy Density*
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Lin Shuyi , Zou Min , Liu Meixu , Xu Meiling , Shen Pengfei , Hao Jian , Li Yinwei
Published: January 2021

Considering that pressure-induced formation of short, strong covalent bonds in light-element compounds can produce superhard materials, we employ structure searching and first-principles calculations to predict a new class of boron nitrides with a stoichiometry of BN2, which are stable relative to alpha-B and alpha-N2 at ambient pressure. At ambient pressure, the most stable phase has a layered structure (h-BN2) containing hexagonal BN layers between which there are intercalated N2 molecules. At 25 GPa, a three-dimensional P42/mmc structure with single N–N bonds becomes the most stable. Dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stability calculations reveal that this structure can be recovered under ambient conditions. Its calculated stress-strain relations demonstrate an intrinsic superhard nature with an estimated Vickers hardness of ∼43 GPa. This structure has a potentially high energy density of ∼4.19 kJ/g.
Optimal experimental design for infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems governed by PDEs: a review
Authors: Alexanderian Alen
Published: January 2021

We present a review of methods for optimal experimental design (OED) for Bayesian inverse problems governed by partial differential equations with infinite-dimensional parameters. The focus is on problems where one seeks to optimize the placement of measurement points, at which data are collected, such that the uncertainty in the estimated parameters is minimized. We present the mathematical foundations of OED in this context and survey the computational methods for the class of OED problems under study. We also outline some directions for future research in this area.
Stably determining time-dependent convection–diffusion coefficients from a partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map
Authors: Bellassoued Mourad , Ben Fraj Oumaima
Published: January 2021

We study in this paper the inverse problem for the dynamical convection–diffusion equation. More precisely, we set logarithmic stability estimates in the determination of the two time-dependent first-order convection term and the scalar potential appearing in the heat equation. The observations here are taken only on an arbitrary open subset of the boundary and are given by a partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. For this end, we will reduce our initial problem into an auxiliary one then we will construct particular solutions and apply a special parabolic Carleman estimate.
A positively biased external anode for energy control of plasma ions: hollow cathode and magnetron sputtering discharge
Authors: Hippler Rainer , Cada Martin , Hubicka Zdenek
Published: January 2021

The performance of a positively biased external ring anode in combination with a hollow cathode (HC) discharge or a magnetron sputtering (MS) discharge, both with a Ti cathode and with Ar as working gas, is investigated. Plasma and floating potential increase as function of anode voltage. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry reveals that the kinetic energy of argon and titanium ions is enhanced by a positive anode voltage allowing for an effective energy control of plasma ions.
Effective inhibit energetic cost in stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage
Authors: Zhang Feng-Yang , Feng Zhi-Qing , Li Chong
Published: January 2021

A shortcut to the adiabatic process is an effective method for quantum information processing. The fast and robust quantum information transfer can be implemented by this method. The energetic cost is an important measurement for the shortcut. In this paper, we investigate how to inhibit the energetic cost in stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage in a three-level system. The energetic cost can be manipulated by adjusting detuning of the system and the energetic cost takes the minimum with one-photon resonance condition.
Steady state versus pulsed tokamak reactors
Authors: Segal D.J. , Cerfon A.J. , Freidberg J.P.
Published: January 2021

We have carried out a detailed analysis that compares steady state versus pulsed tokamak reactors. The motivations are as follows. Steady state current drive has turned out to be more difficult than expected—it takes too many watts to drive an ampere, which has a negative effect on power balance and economics. This is partially compensated by the recent development of high temperature REBCO superconductors, which offers the promise of more compact, lower cost tokamak reactors, both steady state and pulsed. Of renewed interest is the reduction in size of pulsed reactors because of the possibility of higher field Ohmic transformers for a given required pulse length. Our main conclusion is that pulsed reactors may indeed be competitive with steady state reactors and this issue should be re-examined with more detailed engineering level studies.
Preliminary FLUKA simulations of the Changvan Neutron Monitor
Authors: Fongsamut K , Jiang P , Nuntiyakul W , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Mangeard P S , Evenson P , Munakata K , Madsen J , Chuanraksasat P , Soonthorntham B , Komonjinda S , Macatangay R
Published: January 2021

A neutron monitor (NM) is a ground- (or sea-) based detector of the flux of cosmic ray particles in space. The high-energy cosmic rays in the GeV primary range interact in the upper atmosphere, producing a cascade of subatomic particles, some of which reach Earth’s surface. A neutron monitor is mostly sensitive to the neutron component of the atmospheric cascade. The standard-design neutron monitor (NM64) contains lead, the nuclei of which fragment when struck by a high-energy particle. Some of the fragments are neutrons which are moderated and trapped by polyethylene acting as a reflector and moderator. These neutrons can then be detected by induced nuclear fission of 10B in a 10BF3 gas proportional counter. The Changvan neutron monitor is a portable neutron monitor assembled in Thailand and housed in a standard insulated shipping container to conduct long-term research in polar regions. There are three proportional counters in the Changvan, but the central counter lacks the lead producer. Since the detector has a non-standard semi-leaded design, we examine the detection efficiency of the Changvan for neutrons and other atmospheric secondary particles. We are also developing an electronic board and a highly sensitive control module to reduce dead time to a minimum, for monitoring neutrons in the GeV energy range. Simulation results accounting for the dead time will also be reported.
Monte Carlo simulation of a satellite-based detector of cosmic ray ions with elemental separation from hydrogen to nickel
Authors: Onpeang Punyaporn , Ruffolo David , Chaiwongkhot Kullapha
Published: January 2021

Observing cosmic rays and solar energetic particles provides important information about the solar wind and solar storms. We are working toward building a Thai detector of energetic ions from space that is inspired by the Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), a satellite-based detector installed on SAMPEX of cosmic ray ions with the energy range of 0.01 to 0.5 GeV/nucleon with the objective to determine the nuclear charge and kinetic energy for nuclei with atomic number of Z = 1 (hydrogen) to 28 (nickel). The energy range of the detector covers the energy range of anomalous cosmic rays, Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. Therefore, observations by such a detector can provide insight into the origin and transport of these ions in cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. During solar events, measurements of the elemental composition of solar energetic particles can be compared with the composition of the solar corona. We have created a computational model of the MAST detector to simulate ion detection using the FLUKA program to measure the energy deposition of heavy ions in multiple detector components to determine their initial kinetic energy in the simulation. From the simulation results, we can identify the ions’ energies and species using established methods and calculate the geometry factor of the detector, comparing the results with previous reports.
Low-cost external cavity diode laser for cold atom experiments
Authors: Temnuch W , Buathong S , Phearivan P , Deachapunya S
Published: January 2021

In this article, the construction of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) with the wavelength selection and stabilization given by an interference filter in a cateye reflector mirror type instead of using a common grating Littrow configuration is described. We show that our ECDL can be locked for several hours to a given frequency with the broad temperature variation of about 0.2-0.4 °C. A rubidium saturated absorption spectroscopy was used to check our ECDL with the D2 hyperfine transitions. Our low-cost and stabilized ECDL can be used for cold atom experiments as well as in quantum and atom optics applications.
Microstructure of pyrite related to gold deposit, Huai Yuak area, Sukhothai Province, Northern Thailand
Authors: Tangwattananukul L
Published: January 2021

Huai Yuak area is located at Ban Kaeng Subdistrict, Sisatchanalai District, Sukhothai Province, Northern Thailand. The occurrences of gold are distributed along the Sukhothai Fold Belt from Phrae to Lampang though Sukhothai provinces. The Huai Yuak area is a one of the primary gold deposits in the Sukhothai Fold Belt. The geology of the Huai Yuak area is comprised of siltstone, sandstone, shale and tuff from the Permian to Triassic age. Quartz veins of the deposit were formed in siltstone, sandstone and shale. Based on the cross-cutting relationship and mineral assemblages, the quartz veins can be divided into three stages. Quartz veins of stage I are composed of a large amount of microcrystalline quartz with a minor amount of arsenopyrite and a trace amount of calcite, illite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and electrum. Quartz veins of stage II consist of mainly quartz. Quartz veins of stage III are comprised of a large amount of dolomite and a small amount of quartz with a trace amount of illite and arsenopyrite. Electrum is associated with arsenopyrite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. The electrum was formed as inclusion and filled in fractures of arsenopyrite and pyrite. Based on structure, texture and occurrence, pyrite and arsenopyrite can be classified into four types. Type 1 pyrite and arsenopyrite were disseminated in sandstone, siltstone and shale. Type 1 is characterized by euhedral to subhedral shape with size ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mm. Type 2 pyrite and arsenopyrite were formed in a fracture as veins in shale and metashale. Type 3 pyrite and arsenopyrite occur in quartz veins. Type 3 is associated with galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and electrum. The electrum in Type 3 at Huai Yuak deposit was formed as inclusions and native gold associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and quartz of stage III. The concentration of electrum is related to arsenic content in pyrite. Type 4 of pyrite and arsenopyrite was formed in shale rock. Pyrite and arsenopyrite gains at the Huai Yuak gold deposit have had developed under a different structure and physical condition from uplift during volcanic arc setting.
Quasinormal modes of the electric potential in the 4 dimensional anti de Sitter Reissner-Norstöm black hole spacetime with scalar hair
Authors: Kanjanaphomchom P , Musiri S
Published: January 2021

In this study, analytical calculations are performed to assess the quasinormal modes (qnm) of the perturbed electromagnetic potential within the a four-dimensional spacetime of the Reissner-Nordström (RN) anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes which are dressed with scalar hair. The black holes serve as the solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell theory under a negative cosmological constant and conformally-coupled real self-interacting scalar field. When the strength of the scalar field is suitable, phase transition of the black holes occurs to create a new form of MTZ black holes. The electromagnetic field can then be perturbed and the qnm and their frequencies calculated in order to meet the boundary conditions both at the horizon and at the far distant region from the new MTZ black hole. In order to address a simplified version of this problem, this study investigates the case whereby the mass of the MTZ black hole is significantly less than the AdS radius.
Effects of operating temperature on the electrochemical performance of a LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Pleuksachat S , Krabao P , Pongha S , Nash J , Meethong N
Published: January 2021

Electrochemical performance of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries depends on their operating conditions, especially temperature. Currently, LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 (LMFP) cathode materials have attracted worldwide attention because of their low cost, low environmental impact, good electrochemical performance and high operating voltage, between 3.5 and 4.1 Volts. We investigated the effects of temperature on the electrochemical properties of LMFP. In this work, LMFP was prepared via a solvothermal method. We evaluated their electrochemical reactions using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at temperatures of 15, 30, and 45 °C. The crystalline structure and morphology of LMFP were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that the discharge capacities of LMFP increased with temperature, which corresponded to lower charge transfer resistance within the cell and higher lithium-ion diffusion at elevated temperatures.
Effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and hardness of thermally sprayed Ni-Cr-Mo-Al alloy coating
Authors: Srichen A , Banjongprasert C
Published: January 2021

Thermal spray coating is one of the technologies used to prevent corrosion and wear by creating a protective layer on the substrate. From previous research, the microstructure of arc-sprayed nickel-chromium-molybdenum-aluminium (Ni-Cr-Mo-Al) after heat treatment at 1100°C was investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate of this coating under 20vol%H2SO4 was reduced by 97%. However, the heat treatment at high temperatures is still limited to industrial applications. Therefore, this research will focus on studying microstructure and properties after heat treatment at moderately high temperatures, which are in a range of service temperature. Specimens were arc sprayed and heat treated at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). There was no significant change of γ-Ni grains after heat treated at 600°C for 10 days from the Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) study. The hardness of the coatings increased after heat treatments due to a reduction in porosity, an increase of oxides and the formation of MoSi2.
Long fiber thermoplastic pellets of glass fiber/polypropylene from pultrusion process
Authors: Tipboonsri Ponlapath , Wattanahitsiri Voraya , Memon Anin
Published: January 2021

Long fiber thermoplastic pellets (LFTP) are composite materials that consist of thermoplastic and discontinuous reinforcement fibers with an aspect ratio more than critical aspect ratio. LFTP are high modulus, high strength and excellent impact resistance. Normally, commercial LFTP were produced by hot melt impregnation process or combinding between pultrusion and extrusion process. In this research, Thermoplastic pultrusion process was used for production of LFTP. The thermoplastic pultrusion process is uncomplicated process and machine less than hot melt impregnation process. The glass fibers were used in LFTP as a reinforcement and polypropylene (PP) fibers were used as a matrix of LFTP. General full factorial design of experiment was used to determine the optimal condition for un-impregnation on specimen from pultrusion process of LFTP. The study focused on three factors including the filling ratio, the molding temperature and pulling speed. The specimens were investigated on impregnation of resin in LFTP by microscope. The results show that un-impregnation decreased with an increase of filling ratio. Un-impregnation decreased with an increase of molding temperature. Finally, un-impregnation had increased with an increase of pulling speed. However, the void content has a little effect to molding temperature and pulling speed, or they have not almost effect. From statistical analysis, the optimal condition for the pultrusion process of LFTP was filling ratio of 104.73 %, molding temperature of 230 °C and pulling speed of 10 cm/min, which was given the lowest un-impregnation value of 5.85 %.
Synthesis of Tungsten doped Titanium dioxide nanofibers for the degradation of paraquat by photocatalytic process
Authors: Thongpool Voranuch , Phunpueok Akapong , Jaiyen Sarawut , Sukprasit Nuchita
Published: January 2021

In this research, tungsten doped titanium dioxide nanofibers were prepared by the hydrothermal method and used as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic process. The prepared samples were investigated by XRD, FESEM, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The experimental results show that the prepared samples have an anatase phase and absorb UV light. In addition, it was found that the increased amount of tungsten resulted in larger crystal size. For the efficiency of paraquat degradation by the photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanofibers, it was found that the W:15TiO2 nanofibers had the highest efficiency of paraquat degradation. It can degrade 73.97% of paraquat in 120 min.
Effect of soaking times on ferroelectric properties and strain behavior of PLZT ceramics
Authors: Funsueb N , Limpichaipanit A , Ngamjarurojana A
Published: January 2021

In this work, PLZT x/65/35 powders where x=4, 6, 8 and 10 mol% were prepared by mixed-oxide method and sintered at 1200 °C for 4, 8 and 12h. The electric field induced strain (S-E) and electric field induced polarization (P-E) were measured by using strain and polarization measurement system. It was found that PLZT 6/65/35 had the optimized condition with the soaking time of 12h. The highest remnant polarization (18.24 μC/cm2), saturated polarization (24.73 μC/cm2), strain (0.4090%) and d*
33 (204.50 pm/V) It can be concluded that the soaking times affected to ferroelectric properties and strain behavior.
Effects of low dose gamma irradiation of long period storage tomato seeds on germination percentage and seedling growth
Authors: Boonsua S , Chaiharn M , Sutigoolabud P , Prakrajang K
Published: January 2021

Low dose gamma irradiation was used to study stimulation effects on germination percentage and seedling growth of long period storage tomato seeds. Irradiation dose of Co-60 source ranging from 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy were used to irradiated 2 yearsstorage tomato seeds. After irradiation, the seeds were planted in tissue paper. On the eight days of germination, germination percentage, seedling length and root length were measured. The result shows that the germination parameters of the tomato seedssignificantly increased when irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma rays. This study may be useful for stimulating the germination percentage of tomato seeds stored for a long period.
A circuit design of laser pulse generator
Authors: Putchana W , Ratanavis A , Buranasiri P
Published: January 2021

In this research, a circuit design for square pulse generation was proposed by using microcontroller to generate pulse width modulation signal (PWM). The PWM signal, then, has generated the voltage for a laser diode of wavelength 650 nm. The frequency can be tuned approaching 0-5 MHz with the simplicity of the pulse width adjustment. The signals at the width of 130 x 10−9 s, 400 x 10−9 s, 600 x 10−9 s, 850 x 10−9 s, 1000 x 10−9s was examined to generate laser pulses. The heat in the pulse generator can be effectively controlled.
Effectiveness of tutorial worksheet for promoting basic vector concepts: dot product and cross product
Authors: Wutchana U
Published: January 2021

In recent years, several physics education researches have reported students’ understanding and difficulty of vector concepts. Lacking of understanding about dot product and cross product might cause many serious problems when the concepts are embedded in many physics topics. Therefore, we decided to design a tutorial worksheet that guides people through the development of a conceptual framework in dot product and cross product. The worksheet was implemented with 10 and 21 volunteer science teachers. Upon using the TUV items to evaluate their understanding, the results confirmed that the tutorial worksheet had facilitated their learning. The learning normalized changes were 0.82 and 0.75 considered as high learning gain. The tutorial worksheet might be used by other physics instructors who teach this material in high schools, colleges or universities.
Design & Implementation of Solar Powered Automatic Weather Station based on ESP32 and GPRS Module
Authors: Priambodo A S , Nugroho A P
Published: January 2021

The fundamental aim of this project is to develop a solar-powered automatic weather station (AWS), which can be accessed via the website. Users can find out the weather changes in an area without needing to come to the area and can do an analysis of irrigation water needs. This design uses ESP32 as main processor. The measure weather parameters include temperature and humidity using HDC1080 sensor, wind speed using an anemometer sensor, wind direction using a wind vane sensor, air pressure using BME280, rainfall using a tipping bucket sensor, and the last small solar panel for irradiance sensor. AWS has two working modes, normal and maintenance mode. During maintenance mode, sensor data will be displayed on a local website that can be accessed via a wifi network broadcasted by ESP32. In normal mode, the ESP32 will send sensor data to the cloud using SIM800L GPRS Module. The system proposed is also designed to have a feature to log sensor data locally in SD card. Watchdog timer circuit uses timer 555 implemented in this project for the recovery system from the failure process. Power sources are limited, so the system must be put into deep-sleep mode state when not processing data. Data transmission is carried out periodically with an interval of 5-6 minutes. Test results show that the sending of sensor data can be received by the cloud with an acceptance rate of up to 98%.
Comparison Four Kernels of SVR to Predict Consumer Price Index
Authors: Rohmah M F , Putra I K G D , Hartati R S , Ardiantoro L
Published: January 2021

The economy of a region is affected by the stability of food supplies. If the market price of the food supply is stable, the purchasing power level will increase. The price stability of food supplies can be anticipated by using the Support Vector Regression Method, to predict the Consumer Price Index, known as CPI. In the Consumer Price Index assessment, using data based on recording, measurement and calculation of the goods and services average price which consumed by households in a certain period of time. Goods and services that are deemed to represent household expenses are then averaged. The CPI in this study is a type of food supply issued by the Indonesian Central Statistics, and the input variable is taken from the prices of staple commodities in the city of Surabaya, Malang and Kediri based on data from the Siskaperbapo website. To get the supported vector data, the hyperplane maximized by the SVR concept. This concept is able to overcome the overfitting, in order to obtain more accurate prediction results. In predicting the Consumer Price Index, reference data is divided as training data 2016-2019 and testing data 2017-2020. All four kernels were used in the test, namely Spline kernel, Gaussian-RBF kernel, Linear kernel and Polynomial kernel. All four kernels are compared to see their MAPE, this can be shown by the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of less than three, if by using Gaussian RBF kernel. The smallest MAPE value showed by Malang CPI value, which is 1.8242 with C = 50, followed by Kediri with the MAPE value of 2.251 with C = 50 and MAPE value of Surabaya which is 2.5279 with C = 50.
A Need Analysis in Developing Tutorial Video to Improve Computer Assembling Skills of TKJ Students in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Yanti N E , Soenarto S
Published: January 2021

Technological developments in the current era make use of various media for learning. Learning media can facilitate and support practical activities to improve skills, one of which is by using video tutorial media because the video tutorials show the natural form of real objects to follow the instructions easily. This initial research aims to determine the need to develop video tutorial media used by teachers and students in the learning process to assemble computers at the Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta vocational high school. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method by conducting interviews with one teacher and distributing needs analysis questionnaires to 30 students of class X TKJ as research subjects. The results obtained from the statement questionnaire given to students, 93% agreed to develop a video tutorial to facilitate understanding of the material to assemble a computer used for independent or group study wherever and whenever. This research can be used as a criterion for developing instructional media for video tutorials following the material’s characteristics for assembling computers.
Development of Game-based Learning using A Mobile App for Students Fractions Learning
Authors: Rochmah I N , Priyanto
Published: January 2021

Fractions are quite difficult lessons. Therefore, in elementary school, third-grade students have been taught how to solve fractions problems. Various innovations developed to make fractions learning easier for students. One of the uses of technology for efficient learning that can be carried everywhere is a mobile. The use of mobile for learning provides good ideas and benefits to motivate students in the learning process. In this study, the researcher develops a mobile app called Pecahanku to help students learn fractions. Black-box testing and TAM are used to measure eligibility and users’ acceptance toward using the mobile app. Pecahanku mobile app consists of a representation of fraction and fraction operation. Pecahanku mobile app also supports authentic learning to improve students’ understanding. The result shows that Pecahanku mobile app is eligible for use by students. Moreover, students perceive that using this mobile app for their learning process is easy to use. Thus, Pecahanku mobile app can make students feel fun and enjoy when students learn fractions.