bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Trust of Members in Online Social Networks
Authors: Vannoy Sandra A. , Medlin B. Dawn , Chen Charlie C.
Published: November 2012

The trust of members is essential to the sustainability of e-business. Unlike other business models, the success of online social networks is highly dependent upon the growth rate of social network size. In order to accelerate and continue the growth rate, online social networks need to be able to continuously roll out diversified services and use them to interest existing and new members. However, the nature of this business model can expose online social networks to ubiquitous security threats such as spam, viral marketing and viruses. In order to convince users to adopt social network services, cultivation of brand equity and trust in the online social networks is essential. This study integrates technical and marketing perspectives to examine the potential influence of website quality and brand equity on user satisfaction, thereby influencing users’ formation of trust. A survey was conducted with 385 subjects to understand the causal relationships between the studied constructs. Regression analysis indicates that website quality, brand loyalty, brand association, and brand quality have a positive influence on user satisfaction, thereby increasing the trust of members in online social networks. Brand awareness shows no significant influence on user satisfaction. These findings lead us to derive theoretical and practical implications on the sustainable operation of online social networks.
Virtual Research Conferences
Authors: Malik Kamna
Published: November 2012

Research conferences provide an important platform for idea exchange and validation as well as for social networking and talent hunt. Online social networks and collaborative web tools can make conferences budget friendly for sponsors, flexible for attendees, and environment friendly for the society without loss of effectiveness. While many conferences have adopted such tools during pre and post conferencing stages, their use during actual meeting hours is very limited. This paper deliberates on the current and potential use of such technologies on various stages of a conference. It then presents the case of a pure virtual conference in comparison with a face to face conference with an aim to analyze the immediate benefits that virtual conferencing brings for organizers and participants. Perceived deterrents and potential benefits for various stakeholders are discussed. Suggestions are made for educational institutions to review their norms for conference sponsorships.
Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of a Marine Alkaline Protease
Authors: Ji Xiaofeng , Wang Wei , Zheng Yuan , Hao Jianhua , Sun Mi
Published: November 2012

A cold-adapted marine alkaline protease (MP, accession no. ACY25898) was produced by a marine bacterium strain, which was isolated from Yellow Sea sediment in China. Many previous researches showed that this protease had potential application as a detergent additive. It was therefore crucial to determine the tertiary structure of MP. In this study, a homology model of MP was constructed using the multiple templates alignment method. The tools PROCHECK, ERRAT, and Verify_3D were used to check the effectiveness of the model. The result showed that 94% of residues were found in the most favored allowed regions, 6% were in the additional allowed region, and 96.50% of the residues had average 3D-1D scores of no less than 0.2. Meanwhile, the overall quality factor (ERRAT) of our model was 80.657. In this study, we also focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism of the two “flap” motions. Based on the optimized model, molecular-dynamics simulations in explicit solvent environments were carried out by using the AMBER11 package, for the entire protein, in order to characterize the dynamical behavior of the two flaps. Our results showed an open motion of the two flaps in the water solvent. This research may facilitate inhibitor virtual screening for MP and may also lay the foundationknowledge of mechanism of the inhibitors.
In Vivo Replication and Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Recombinant M40 Containing Ebola Virus L-Domain Sequences
Authors: Irie Takashi , Carnero Elena , García-Sastre Adolfo , Harty Ronald N.
Published: November 2012

The M40 VSV recombinant was engineered to contain overlapping PTAP and PPxY L-domain motifs and flanking residues from the VP40 protein of Ebola virus. Replication of M40 in cell culture is virtually indistinguishable from that of control viruses. However, the presence of the Ebola PTAP motif in the M40 recombinant enabled this virus to interact with and recruit host Tsg101, which was packaged into M40 virions. In this brief report, we compared replication and the pathogenic profiles of M40 and the parental virus M51R in mice to determine whether the presence of the Ebola L-domains and flanking residues altered in vivo characteristics of the virus. Overall, the in vivo characteristics of M40 were similar to those of the parental M51R virus, indicating that the Ebola sequences did not alter pathogenesis of VSV in this small animal model of infection.
Primary Atrophic Rhinitis: A Clinical Profile, Microbiological and Radiological Study
Authors: Bist Sampan S. , Bisht Manisha , Purohit Jagdish P.
Published: November 2012

Background. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical profile, microbiological flora and radiological features in primary atrophic rhinitis patients and to identify their association with the etiology of primary atrophic rhinitis. Study design. Prospective case study. Materials and methods. Patients with primary atrophic rhinitis over a two years period were included in the study. Complete blood count, total protein and microbiological analysis from nasal swab were done to evaluate iron deficiency anemia, nutritional status and identification of the pathogenic bacteria respectively. Radiological evaluation was done to study the radiological features of primary atrophic rhinitis.
Observations. Ninety cases of primary atrophic rhinitis were studied. The most common symptom was nasal crusting. Nasal crust, odour and atrophy of mucosa were the most consistent finding. Nasal myiasis was found in 26.6% cases. The nasal mucociliary clearance time was markedly increased. On investigation there were low value of hemoglobin and total protein in 46.6% and 25.5% patients, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37%) was the commonest organism isolated from culture. On radiological evaluation evidence of different grade of sinusitis was seen in 87.7% case.
Conclusion. The present study suggested that certain bacterial infections, anemia, poor nutrition and hereditary factor may contribute significantly to the etiology of primary atrophic rhinitis.
Calculation of Thermal Pressure Coefficient of Lithium Fluid by pVT Data
Authors: Moeini Vahid
Published: November 2012

For thermodynamic performance to be optimized, particular attention must be paid to the fluid’s thermal pressure coefficients and thermodynamics properties. A new analytical expression based on the statistical mechanics is derived for thermal pressure coefficients of dense fluids using the intermolecular forces theory to be valid for liquid lithium as well. The results are used to predict the parameters of some binary mixtures at different compositions and temperatures metal-nonmetal lithium fluid which agreement with experimental data. In this paper, we have used newly presented parameters of analytical expressions based on the statistical mechanics and predicted the metal-nonmetal transition for liquid lithium. The repulsion term of the effective pair potential for lithium shows well depth at 1600 K, and the position of well depth maximum is in agreement with X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering.
Carbonic Anhydrase I as a New Plasma Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Takakura Michiko , Yokomizo Akira , Tanaka Yoshinori , Kobayashi Michimoto , Jung Giman , Banno Miho , Sakuma Tomohiro , Imada Kenjiro , Oda Yoshinao , Kamita Masahiro , Honda Kazufumi , Yamada Tesshi , Naito Seiji , Ono Masaya
Published: November 2012

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ranging from 4 to 10 ng/mL is considered a diagnostic gray zone for detecting prostate cancer because biopsies reveal no evidence of cancer in 75% of these subjects. Our goal was to discover a new highly specific biomarker for prostate cancer by analyzing plasma proteins using a proteomic technique. Enriched plasma proteins from 25 prostate cancer patients and 15 healthy controls were analyzed using a label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics platform called 2DICAL (2-dimensional image converted analysis of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) and candidate biomarkers were searched. Among the 40,678 identified mass spectrum (MS) peaks, 117 peaks significantly differed between prostate cancer patients and healthy controls. Ten peaks matched carbonic anhydrase I (CAI) by tandem MS. Independent immunological assays revealed that plasma CAI levels in 54 prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than those in 60 healthy controls (, Mann-Whitney test). In the PSA gray-zone group, the discrimination rate of prostate cancer patients increased by considering plasma CAI levels. CAI can potentially serve as a valuable plasma biomarker and the combination of PSA and CAI may have great advantages for diagnosing prostate cancer in patients with gray-zone PSA level.
Importance of using micronucleus test for hospital personnel exposed to cytostatics – Croatian study
Authors: Lalić Hrvoje
Published: November 2012

Health personnel and administration is exposed to health risks. The paper ´s objective is to show that despite protection measures the exposed persons´ health is damaged. The government and management show intentions to enhance protection programs but they lack the means because of recession. Twenty-seven employees of Clinical Centre Rijeka working with cytostatics have been analyzed by micronucleus test. In 11 nurses at the Pediatric oncology, 10 nurses at Internal hematology and 6 at Oncology there have been no significant differences in MN, p=0.2106, p>0.05, mean 10 MN, range 2-29. In 7 nurses differences from referential values in the number of MN/1000 binuclear cells were found and they were not allowed to work for six months. Occupational medicine was done his part for the hospital. Meanwhile the problem of payment according to the Rules guarantied special standard remains since MN test although compulsory is not a part of routine examination
Eficiência de um modelo de afilamento ajustado sem e com estratificação por classe de quociente de forma para formação dos sortimentos de Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Souza Carlos Alberto Martinelli de , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Schneider Paulo Renato , Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Thomas Claúdio
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985085Os objetivos deste trabalho foram modelar a forma de tronco de Pinus taeda L., comparar a eficiência na estimativa do volume total do polinômio do quinto grau ajustado com dados não estratificados e estratificados segundo quocientes de forma e apresentar os resultados em forma de tabela de sortimentos. As árvores amostradas foram medidas em povoamentos manejados para serraria, com dois desbastes, sendo o plantio inicial de 1.600 árvores/ha, em espaçamento de 2,50 x 2,50 m, localizados na Klabin S.A., em Telêmaco Borba-PR. Para fins de modelagem os dados foram estratificados em classes de quociente de forma calculado a 70% da altura. A classificação das partes do tronco em sortimentos foi acurada sendo que o volume estimado a partir das integrais das equações de afilamento apresentou valores residuais pequenos e sem tendências, comprovando a viabilidade da estratificação dos dados em classes de quociente de forma quando do ajuste de equações para a obtenção dos sortimentos.
Taxa de corte sustentável para manejo das florestas tropicais
Authors: Braz Evaldo Muñoz , Schneider Paulo Renato , Mattos Patricia Povoa de , Selle Gerson Luiz , Thaines Fabio , Ribas Luciano Arruda , Vuaden Elisabete
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985086Existe uma grande lacuna dos planos de manejo de florestas tropicais com relação à intensidade de extração e às taxas de corte, usualmente sendo definidas de forma arbitrária. Este trabalho visa definir intensidades de corte diferenciadas para grupos de espécies arbóreas comerciais, com diferentes ritmos de crescimento, por unidade de produção, no estado do Amazonas. Utilizou-se o incremento periódico anual percentual em volume, de 26 espécies arbóreas, obtido de parcelas permanentes. O incremento periódico anual, percentual em volume, para efeito diferenciador, considerou 1% como diferença limite. Foram identificadas três intensidades de corte, para as classes comerciais: 24,4% (grupo I), 35,4% (grupo II) e 42,4% (grupo III). Considerando a exploração total sustentável por hectare, para as 26 espécies, seria de 11,5 m³ha-1 com intensidade de corte de 37%. O procedimento de cálculo é simples e pode ser utilizado pelos órgãos fiscalizadores, certificadores ou legisladores como balizador do ciclo de corte e taxa de corte.
Efeito da associação de bagaço de cana, do tipo e do teor de adesivo na produção de painéis aglomerados.
Authors: Mendes Lourival Marin , Júnior José Benedito Guimarães , Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , César Antonia Amanda da Silva
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985088Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da associação de bagaço de cana, tipo e teor de adesivo nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados com madeira de Pinus spp. O delineamento experimental se constituiu de um esquema fatorial 3x2x3, sendo três porcentagens de substituição de madeira de pinus por bagaço de cana - 25, 50 e 75%; dois tipos de adesivos - fenol-formaldeído (FF) e ureia-formaldeído (UF); e três teores de adesivo - 6, 9 e 12%. O ciclo de prensagem utilizado foi de pressão de 40 kgf/cm², temperatura de 160ºC para UF e de 180ºC para FF, e por um tempo de 8 minutos. Mediante os resultados pode-se concluir que: 1) Para a porcentagem de associação de bagaço de cana, nas propriedades em que foi observado efeito significativo, a tendência foi de diminuição da qualidade dos painéis à medida que se aumenta a quantidade de associação de bagaço de cana; 2) O adesivo UF se mostrou estatisticamente igual ou superior a FF em todas as propriedades avaliadas; 3) Os teores de adesivo apresentaram efeito significativo para todas as propriedades analisadas, sendo que, com exceção da propriedade ligação interna, em todas as outras propriedades o teor de 12% foi estatisticamente superior a 6%, e ainda igual ou superior a 9%.
Efeito dos sólidos dissolvidos da madeira na branqueabilidade e nas propriedades físico-mecânicas e ópticas de polpa kraft branqueada de eucalipto
Authors: Júnior Dalton Longue , Colodette Jorge Luiz
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985089Muitos estudos demonstram que o rendimento da polpação kraft pode ser melhorado pela readsorção de xilanas à polpa durante o cozimento, e o licor negro kraft contém fração significativa das xilanas da madeira, sendo uma importante fonte dessas macromoléculas. Porém, o efeito dessa técnica nas propriedades físico-mecânicas e ópticas de polpa branqueada de eucalipto, ainda não está bem esclarecido. Neste estudo foram produzidas polpas de eucalipto provenientes de cozimento kraft convencional, com diferentes adições de licor negro (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 % v/v). Os cozimentos foram conduzidos até número kappa 17-18 e as polpas resultantes foram deslignificadas com oxigênio em condições fixas. O branqueamento foi realizado utilizando uma sequência DHT(EP)DP até alvura final 92 % ISO. Em seguida as polpas foram refinadas num moinho PFI a diferentes níveis de revoluções (0, 500, 1.500, 3.000 e 6.000) e realizados testes de resistência ao rasgo, ao arrebentamento e à passagem de ar, alongamento, opacidade, densidade, volume específico aparente, capilaridade Klemm e índice de retenção de água (WRV). A eficiência e o ganho de alvura da pré-deslignificação com oxigênio foram ligeiramente prejudicados pela adição de licor negro ao cozimento kraft. A adição de 50 % de licor negro aos cozimentos resultou em polpas de pior branqueabilidade, sendo a demanda de cloro ativo aumentada em 5,3 kg/t celulose seca para obtenção de alvura 92 % ISO. As propriedades físico-mecânicas e ópticas das polpas kraft branqueadas não foram influenciadas, significativamente, pelo uso de licor negro no cozimento.
Métodos para superação da dormência de sementes de quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn.).
Authors: Rebouças Ana Clara Moura Neves , Matos Valderez Pontes , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Sena Lúcia Helena de Moura , Sales Anna Gorett de Figueiredo Almeida , Ferreira Elane Grazielle Borba de Souza
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985090Devido à ausência de informações sobre a metodologia para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes das espécies arbóreas medicinais, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o método mais eficiente para superação da dormência tegumentar em sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn.. Além das sementes intactas, sementes que não foram submetidas a nenhum tratamento, também foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: escarificação química - as sementes foram imersas em ácido sulfúrico absoluto por 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos; escarificação mecânica - as sementes foram friccionadas manualmente em lixa nº 50, do lado oposto à micrópila, sem ou com embebição por 24 ou 48 horas; imersão em água a 100ºC por 15 ou 30 segundos; imersão em água a 80ºC até o resfriamento. Os efeitos foram avaliados através de testes de germinação e vigor. Constatou-se que houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para todos os parâmetros avaliados (porcentagem e velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e raiz primária), e a causa mais evidente da dormência é a impermeabilidade do tegumento, a qual foi superada com maior eficiência pelo método de imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 30 minutos.
Espectrorradiometria na região do visível e do infravermelho próximo em povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden
Authors: Brandelero Catize , Berra Elias Fernando , Backes Kátia Simone , Pereira Rudiney Soares , Brun Eleandro Jose
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985093Leituras de reflectância em folhas de árvores de bordadura e de interior de um povoamento florestal de Eucalyptus grandis, no município de São Pedro das Missões - RS, foram analisadas nas regiões do espectro eletromagnético visível e do infravermelho próximo, utilizando-se espectrorradiometria. A área foi dividida em duas partes: bordadura e centro do povoamento. Para a coleta de material, a copa das árvores foi dividida em três partes (superior, média e inferior), de forma a diferenciar as posições de coleta de folhas, em cada uma das áreas. Foram amostradas três árvores em cada área, totalizando seis árvores, sendo que para cada árvore foram coletadas 60 folhas isoladas, 20 em cada posição. As leituras de reflectância foram realizadas através do espectrorradiômetro FieldSpec®3 e os resultados finais foram segmentados nas bandas espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo. A análise estatística valeu-se do teste Tukey HSD, para comparação das médias da região do visível, que de acordo com a ANOVA apresentaram diferenças significativas. Conclui-se que as classes indicadas de coleta de folhas para análise espectrorradiométrica na região do visível são preferencialmente a 5 (árvore de centro, leitura na parte mediana) e a 3 (árvore de bordadura, leitura parte superior).
Coming Out of the Stone: Dangerous Heritage and the Death of the Twinhox Band
Authors: Gillespie Kirsty , Bainton Nicholas A.
Published: November 2012

On the morning of 10 January 2005, a group of people boarded an open dinghy at Namatanai, located about halfway down the east coast of mainland New Ireland in Papua New Guinea. On board were the young brothers Tony and Paul Wol, musicians of the newly formed band Twinhox of Kavieng. Buoyant with the recent recording of their debut album Sorpendeng in the nation's capital, Port Moresby, the brothers had been visiting their mother's relatives in New Hanover for Christmas and New Year celebrations and were now bound for Lihir Island, returning to the home of their parents. The boat never arrived, and the travellers were never found.
Gong Ensemble Music of the Dusun Tinagas of Sabah Through the Gaze of Movement
Authors: Pugh-Kitingan Jacqueline
Published: November 2012

In discussing gong ensemble music through the gaze of movement, gaze can be conceptualized at two interrelated levels: firstly, at the general contextual level of the audience (who are the spectators?), and secondly, at the deeper semantic level of auditory-kinaesthetic relationships that manifest social meanings.
Assessment of Breast Volume Change after Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Park Sang Uk , Shim Jeong Su
Published: November 2012

Background The evaluation of a breast after breast reconstruction depends on a surgeon's subjective criteria. We used computed tomography (CT) scans to obtain an objective evaluation of the postoperative results by measuring the breast volume of patients who had undergone breast reconstruction using pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. This research will help in the objective postoperative evaluation of reconstructed breasts, and also in the preoperative flap size designs.

Methods A total of 27 patients underwent breast reconstruction using pedicled TRAM flaps after mastectomy from September 2007 to July 2010. Of these, 10 patients who were followed up and underwent CT scans 2 or more times during the follow-up period were included in this study. We evaluated the change in breast volume over time using CT scans, and the interval breast volume change between CT scans.

Results All of the 10 patients' reconstructed breasts showed a volume decrease over time. The breast volume changes in the intervals between CT scans were as follows: 5.65% decrease between the first CT and second CT scan, 2.3% decrease between the second CT and third CT scan, (statistically significant) and 1.89% decrease between the third CT and forth CT scan. (not statistically significant).

Conclusions This research shows the possibility of objectively evaluating the postoperative breast volume changes. The findings will be helpful in designing the size of TRAM flaps to use on defects after mastectomy. Based on these results, we should also closely observe the reconstructed breast volume for at least 2 years.
Periventricular Heterotopia: Shuttling of Proteins through Vesicles and Actin in Cortical Development and Disease
Authors: Sheen Volney L.
Published: November 2012

During cortical development, proliferating neural progenitors exhibit polarized apical and basolateral membranes that are maintained by tightly controlled and membrane-specific vesicular trafficking pathways. Disruption of polarity through impaired delivery of proteins can alter cell fate decisions and consequent expansion of the progenitor pool, as well as impact the integrity of the neuroependymal lining. Loss of neuroependymal integrity disrupts radial glial scaffolding and alters initial neuronal migration from the ventricular zone. Vesicle trafficking is also required for maintenance of lipid and protein cycling within the leading and trailing edge of migratory neurons, as well as dendrites and synapses of mature neurons. Defects in this transport machinery disrupt neuronal identity, migration, and connectivity and give rise to a malformation of cortical development termed as periventricular heterotopia (PH). PH is characterized by a reduction in brain size, ectopic clusters of neurons localized along the lateral ventricle, and epilepsy and dyslexia. These anatomical anomalies correlate with developmental impairments in neural progenitor proliferation and specification, migration from loss of neuroependymal integrity and neuronal motility, and aberrant neuronal process extension. Genes causal for PH regulate vesicle-mediated endocytosis along an actin cytoskeletal network. This paper explores the role of these dynamic processes in cortical development and disease.
Fluorescent Labeling of Specific Cysteine Residues Using CyMPL
Authors: Puljung Michael C. , Zagotta William N.
Published: November 2012

The unique reactivity and relative rarity of cysteine among amino acids makes it a convenient target for the site‐specific chemical modification of proteins. Commercially available fluorophores and modifiers react with cysteine through a variety of electrophilic functional groups. However, it can be difficult to achieve specific labeling of a particular cysteine residue in a protein containing multiple cysteines, in a mixture of proteins, or in a protein's native environment. This unit describes a procedure termed CyMPL (Cysteine Metal Protection and Labeling), which enables specific labeling by incorporating a cysteine of interest into a minimal binding site for group 12 metal ions (e.g., Cd2+ and Zn2+). These sites can be inserted into any region of known secondary structure in virtually any protein and cause minimal structural perturbation. Bound metal ions protect the cysteine from reaction while background cysteines are covalently blocked with non‐fluorescent modifiers. The metal ions are subsequently removed and the deprotected cysteine is labeled specifically. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 70:14.14.1‐14.14.10. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lithographic Resists
Authors: Hinsberg W. D. , Wallraff G. M.
Published: November 2012

This article provides an overview of the chemistry and processes used to form micro‐ and nanoscale patterns for the fabrication of semiconductors and other electronic devices. The basic functional attributes of lithographic resists and the physical principles of modern lithographic process technologies are addressed. The imaging chemistry of the major classes of resists in current use is described. A detailed discussion of chemically amplified resists, the most widely used class of resist, summarizes their evolutionary development, mechanisms of imaging chemistry, key processing characteristics, and factors that limit ultimate extendibility. A number of newly emerging techniques for lithographic patterning are described.
Relation of Cell Uniformity and Mechanical Property of a Close Cell Aluminum Foam
Authors: Deqing Wang
Published: November 2012

Samples of closed‐cell aluminum foams are prepared by air‐foaming aluminum melt, and two techniques are employed to obtain uniform and non‐uniform aluminum foams under identical processing conditions. Experiment results show that the uniform‐celled aluminum foam presents an overall 25% improvement of the yield strength over the one for the non‐uniform cells with the same density, and a very precise relation between yield strength and density is obtained for the uniform‐celled aluminum foam. The cell size uniformization does not affect elastic modulus significantly, and the uniformity of the aluminum foam cells decreases the energy absorption ability.
SERS Active Surface in Two Steps, Patterning and Metallization
Authors: Acevedo Diego , Salavagione Horacio , Lasagni Andrés , Morallón Emilia , Mücklich Frank , Barbero César
Published: November 2012

Robust and reproducible metallized nano/microstructured surfaces of polymeric surfaces have been successfully prepared by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) of commercial polymeric films followed by sputtering of metallic thin films. The SERS spectra for 2‐thioaniline adsorbed on a structured polycarbonate surfaces covered with a gold or platinum film showed a ca. three order of magnitude enhancement over a flat surface with the same metal film. The method here reported is suitable for mass production of substrates for SERS since large areas (several cm2) can be structured in ca. 1–5 s.
Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Optical and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Chang Haixin , Wu Hongkai
Published: November 2012

Graphene, a two‐dimensional, single‐atom‐thick carbon crystal arranged in a honeycomb lattice, shows extraordinary electronic, mechanical, thermal, optical, and optoelectronic properties, and has great potential in next‐generation electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. Graphene and graphene‐based nanomaterials have witnessed a very fast development of both fundamental and practical aspects in optics and optoelectronics since 2008. In this Feature Article, the synthesis techniques and main electronic and optical properties of graphene‐based nanomaterials are introduced with a comprehensive view. Recent progress of graphene‐based nanomaterials in optical and optoelectronic applications is then reviewed, including transparent conductive electrodes, photodetectors and phototransistors, photovoltaics and light emitting devices, saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers, and biological and photocatalytic applications. In the final section, perspectives are given and future challenges in optical and optoelectronic applications of graphene‐based nanomaterials are addressed.
Geometry as a Factor for Tissue Growth: Towards Shape Optimization of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Bidan Cécile M. , Kommareddy Krishna P. , Rumpler Monika , Kollmannsberger Philip , Fratzl Peter , Dunlop John W. C.
Published: November 2012

Scaffolds for tissue engineering are usually designed to support cell viability with large adhesion surfaces and high permeability to nutrients and oxygen. Recent experiments support the idea that, in addition to surface roughness, elasticity and chemistry, the macroscopic geometry of the substrate also contributes to control the kinetics of tissue deposition. In this study, a previously proposed model for the behavior of osteoblasts on curved surfaces is used to predict the growth of bone matrix tissue in pores of different shapes. These predictions are compared to in vitro experiments with MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cells cultivated in two‐millimeter thick hydroxyapatite plates containing prismatic pores with square‐ or cross‐shaped sections. The amount and shape of the tissue formed in the pores measured by phase contrast microscopy confirms the predictions of the model. In cross‐shaped pores, the initial overall tissue deposition is twice as fast as in square‐shaped pores. These results suggest that the optimization of pore shapes may improve the speed of ingrowth of bone tissue into porous scaffolds.
Polyols production by chemical modification of autocatalyzed ethanol‐water lignin from Betula alnoides
Authors: Xue Bai‐Liang , Wen Jia‐Long , Xu Feng , Sun Run‐Cang
Published: November 2012

Betula alnoides lignin, recovered as a byproduct in autocatalyzed ethanol‐water pulping process, was converted into viscous polyether polyols through oxypropylation and liquefaction methods, with the aim of adding value to this byproduct. The oxypropylation reaction was performed by reacting autocatalyzed ethanol‐water lignin (AEL) with propylene oxide under the acidic and alkaline conditions at room temperature, respectively. In contrast, the liquefaction reaction was carried out using the mixed solvents of polyethylene glycol and glycerol at 160°C with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The resulting polyether polyols from each method was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis. Quantitative 31P NMR indicated that all the aliphatic hydroxyl group values of polyols increased significantly by the above two methods. More secondary hydroxyl groups (2.016 mmol/g) were obtained in the alkaline oxypropylation reaction, whereas more primary hydroxyl groups (4.296 mmol/g) were found in the liquefied product. GPC analysis showed that the alkaline oxypropylated product (Mw 3130 g/mol, Mn 2080 g/mol) and liquefied product (Mw 4990 g/mol, Mn 4630 g/mol) have higher molecular weights than AEL (Mw 2560 g/mol, Mn 1530 g/mol). Thermal stability analysis suggested that the polyether polyols have a lower degradation temperature than AEL. These polyols used as precursors in polyurethane synthesis give promising properties, which open new avenues of exploitation of AEL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Ionic nanocomposite networks in poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymers with calcium carbonate
Authors: Chevallier Celine , Ni Yiping , Vera Ruben , Becquart Frederic , Taha Mohamed
Published: November 2012

To create reversible supramolecular ionic networks, ionic cross‐links were formed from acid pendant functions in poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymers by the addition of calcium carbonate. The random dispersion of acid functions in the polystyrene chain is ensured by NMR analysis. The partial reaction of the calcium carbonate with the carboxylic acids is highlighted by a limewater test. The influence of methacrylic acid and calcium‐carbonate contents on the formation of an ionic network has been studied through solubility tests. Two main effects were obtained: the exfoliation of the unreacted calcium carbonate characterized by TEM is due to ionic interactions at the surface of nanometric particles that form the first level of organization of the calcium carbonate. Another part of the calcium carbonate reacts with carboxylic acid and is detached from particles to form clusters as shown by x‐ray analysis. Finally, by analyzing the dynamic rheological spectrum, the conclusion that the strength of the ionic bonds arises with the calcium content is made. The interest of such an approach with a wide range of observed phenomena in the material is a one‐batch process to make thermoreversible nanocomposite networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Sensitivity of ephemeral wetland swards with Isoetes histrix Bory to environmental variables: implications for the conservation of Mediterranean temporary ponds
Authors: Bagella Simonetta , Caria Maria Carmela
Published: November 2012

Small‐scale landscape elements such as freshwater ponds and pools remain poorly characterized and vulnerable to destruction, despite their significant contribution to regional aquatic biodiversity.

Ephemeral wetland swards supporting Isoetes histrix, which are considered priority interest habitats by the European Habitats Directive on the conservation of wild fauna and flora (codex 3170* – Mediterranean temporary ponds), typify concave pond shorelines (Habitat A) and very shallow flat temporary ponds (Habitat B).

It is hypothesized that although this sward type is highly specialized for growth in waterlogged soils, it is highly sensitive to changes in composition and seasonal dynamics related to varied environmental conditions. The present study was aimed at comparing plant assemblages, and successional processes and dynamics during the growing season between different habitat types; and identifying the key factors influencing spatial variability.

Vegetation was sampled three times during the growing season in the two habitat types (i.e A and B). At each site a range of environmental variables was also recorded.

PERMANOVA analysis indicated that plant assemblages differed between the two habitat types throughout the growing season. The different hydroperiod length was the main factor responsible for the specificity of the two habitats, revealed by CCA. However, the pattern of successional processes and seasonal dynamics was similar between the two habitats.

The results confirmed the hypothesis, and strengthened the understanding of the relevance of hydroperiod length to plant assemblages in ephemeral ponds.

The two habitats exhibit unique characteristics, and represent different aspects of priority habitat 3170*; therefore, to ensure that the highest level of biodiversity is maintained, measures must be taken to protect both sward habitats.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imidazopyridine‐Based Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Synthesis and Evaluation of Amide Isostere Replacements of the Carboxamide Scaffold
Authors: Yngve Ulrika , Söderman Peter , Svensson Mats , Rosqvist Susanne , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: November 2012

In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4‐oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of the Lithium‐Containing Lanthanum‐Oxycarbonate‐Like Borates.
Authors: Kang Youjun , Liu Chunmeng , Kuang Xiaojun , Mi Jinxiao , Liang Hongbin , Su Qiang
Published: November 2012

The new compound Li0.6La2O2.25(BO3)0.7 and its Eu3+‐doped analog are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of H3BO3, Li2CO3, and Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Eu; 1040—1070 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Self‐Activating Photoluminescent Properties of Sr3‐xAxGaO4F (A: Ba, Ca) Materials.
Authors: Green Robert , Vogt Thomas
Published: November 2012

The structures and photoluminescence properties of the mixed oxyfluorides of title are compared to Sr3‐xAxAlO4F (A: Ba, Ca) materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Compound, Li3NaBaB6O12.
Authors: Chen Songjie , Pan Shilie , Zhao Wenwu , Yang Zhihua , Wu Hongping , Yang Yun
Published: November 2012

Millimeter‐sized single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a melt of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, BaCO3, PbO, and H3BO3 in the molar ratio of 7:5.5:3.5:20 (Pt crucible, 800 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Transition Metal Nitride by Nitridation of Metastable Oxide Precursor.
Authors: Wang Huamin , Wu Zijie , Kong Jing , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Minghui
Published: November 2012

Metastable amorphous MoO2, obtained by reduction of aqueous (NH4)6Mo7O24 solutions with hydrazine (70 °C, 0.5 h followed by heating under a flow of Ar at 300 °C for 2 h) transforms into face‐centered cubic γ‐Mo2N in flowing NH3 at 400 °C and then into hexagonal δ‐MoN by increasing the temperature to 600 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of La3Co2SbO9: A Double Perovskite with Competing Antiferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Interactions.
Authors: Franco D. G. , Fuertes V. C. , Blanco M. C. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. , Sanchez R. D. , Carbonio R. E.
Published: November 2012

Reddish‐black polycrystalline powder of the title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of La2O3, Co3O4, and Sb2O3 (950 °C for 12 h and 1400 °C for 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Optically Active 3‐(1H‐Imidazol‐1‐yl)cyclohexanol‐based Ionic Liquids: Application in Organocatalysis and Toxicity Studies.
Authors: Paul Caroline E. , Gotor‐Fernandez Vicente , Lavandera Ivan , Montejo‐Bernardo Jose , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Gotor Vicente
Published: November 2012

Newly synthesized enantiopure imidazolium salts (VII) are used as chiral phase‐transfer catalysts in the Michael addition of diethyl malonate (IX) to trans‐chalcone (VIII) giving the corresponding adduct (X) albeit with very poor enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenolysis—Hydrogenation of Aryl Ethers: Selectivity Pattern.
Authors: Samant Bhupesh S. , Kabalka George W.
Published: November 2012

The title reaction proceeds selectively in a micellar media.
ChemInform Abstract: {1,6}‐Transannular Catalytic Asymmetric Gosteli—Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Jaschinski Tobias , Hiersemann Martin
Published: November 2012

Cyclic 2‐alkoxycarbonyl‐substituted allyl vinyl ethers are transformed into medium‐ and large‐sized carbacycles (8‐ to 14‐membered rings), either in the presence of a chiral Cu(II) catalyst or under uncatalyzed conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Etherification of Aldehydes Photocatalyzed by Dicarbonyl Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iron Complexes.
Authors: Argouarch Gilles , Grelaud Guillaume , Roisnel Thierry , Humphrey Mark G. , Paul Frederic
Published: November 2012

The reaction of aldehydes with dimethylsilanes under UV light in the presence of piano‐stool complex FEC allows the preparation of various unsymmetrical alkyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: [HSO3‐pmim][CH3SO3] as an Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Li Chao , Guo Tao , Zhou Xin , Wang Chun , Ma Jing‐Jun , Li Jin‐Bin
Published: November 2012

The applied catalyst can be reused several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation with Mo(CO)6 for the Synthesis of Benzoylacetonitriles.
Authors: Pyo Ayoung , Park Ahbyeol , Jung Hyun Min , Lee Sunwoo
Published: November 2012

The simple and convenient procedure includes the use of Mo(CO)6 which is favorable compared to the toxic CO.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Allyl Thiocarbamates from Allylic Alcohols by in situ [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of a Thiocarbonyldiimidazole Adduct.
Authors: Mingat Gaelle , Clayden Jonathan
Published: November 2012

Thiocarbonylimidazole (II) reacts with allylic alcohols to generate intermediate esters of type (III) which rearrange spontaneously in situ to yield S‐allyl imidazolyl thiol esters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthates as Synthetic Equivalents of Oxyacyl Radicals: Access to Lactones under Tin‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Davy Jason A. , Mason Jeremy W. , Moreau Benoit , Wulff Jeremy E.
Published: November 2012

In the presence of BEt3 and air, some strained xanthates react with radical cyclization to afford fused lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Methylene Compounds in a Very Effective Approach to 3‐Substituted Isobenzofuranones Through Tandem Aldol/Lactonization Reactions.
Authors: Di Mola Antonia , Croce Gianluca , More Vijaykumar , De Caprariis Paolo , Filosa Rosanna , Massa Antonio
Published: November 2012

A new, economic, and environmentally benign K2CO3 catalyzed, solvent‐free one‐pot tandem aldol—lactonization to prepare the title compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Modulation of Internal Charge Transfer in Small Molecular Donors for Organic Solar Cells.
Authors: Leliege Antoine , Le Regent Charles‐Henri , Allain Magali , Blanchard Philippe , Roncali Jean
Published: November 2012

The covalent bridging of the cyanovinyl thiophene acceptor group by a phenyl ring allows the modulation of internal charge transfer and LUMO energy level of donor materials based on small donor‐acceptor molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones by a Conjugate Addition/Nitro‐Mannich/Lactamization Reaction.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Horsfall Lisa R. , Kalogirou Andreas S. , Mills Matthew R. , Stepney Gregory J. , Tizzard Graham J.
Published: November 2012

The products are useful synthetic synthons which can smoothly be converted into various derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conversion of Lactide to Optically Pure Heterocycles.
Authors: Tsunoi Shinji , Takahashi Hiroki , Takano Yugo , Okamura Aritomo , Shibata Ikuya
Published: November 2012

Various oxazole derivatives are synthesized from naturally occurring glycolide (I) and lactides (VI) by tin‐catalyzed cycloaddition to isocyanates (II) or isothiocyanates (IV) under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole Substituted Isoxazoles via Copper (I) Catalyzed Cycloaddition.
Authors: Ramana P. Venkata , Reddy A. Ram
Published: November 2012

The triazolyl‐substituted isoxazoles (VIII) are obtained via key intermediates (III) by introduction of a triazole ring on C‐4 of the carboxylic acid group of isoxazole by click reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru(II)‐Catalyzed Amidation of 2‐Arylpyridines with Isocyanates via C—H Activation.
Authors: Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: November 2012

Under optimized conditions, the amidation occurs regioselectively at the ortho‐position of the phenyl ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Radical Cation Salt Induced Csp3—H Functionalization of Glycine Derivatives: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Peng Fangfang , Qing Chang , Huo Congde , Wang Xicun
Published: November 2012

In the presence of the radical cation and oxygen, the reaction of glycine derivatives of type (I)/(VIII) with styrenes or aromatic alkynes allows a new access to quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Acridones by Ethylene Extrusion in the Reaction of Arynes with β‐Lactams and Dihydroquinolinones.
Authors: Fang Yuesi , Rogness Donald C. , Larock Richard C. , Shi Feng
Published: November 2012

The extrusion of 4‐methyleneheptadiene [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Diketene‐Based Neat Four‐Component Synthesis of the Dihydropyrimidinones and Dihydropyridine Backbones Using Silica Sulfuric Acid (SSA).
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Lamei Kamran
Published: November 2012

Cyclocondensation of diketene, aldehydes and alcohols in the presence of either NH4OAc or urea allows the synthesis of the biologically important heterocyclic systems (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Montmorillonite K‐10 Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of 2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Mudumala Veeranarayana , Reddy Gangireddy Chandra Sekahar , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: November 2012

Title compounds are efficiently synthesized by the present new three‐component reaction of phthalhydrazide (I), dimethylcyclohexanedione (II) and various aldehydes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Multifunctional 5‐Aryl‐5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Fatima Seerat , Sharma Anindra , Sharma Rahul , Tripathi Rama P.
Published: November 2012

22 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Sequential Ullmann N‐Arylation and Aerobic Oxidative C—H Amination: A Convenient Route to Indolo[1,2‐c]quinazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Sang Peng , Xie Yongju , Zou Jianwei , Zhang Yuhong
Published: November 2012

Benzimidazoquinazolines such as (V) are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Chichibabin‐Type Condensation of Cyclic Ketones with 3‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazin‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Egorov Ilya N. , Tseitler Tatyana A. , Kovalev Igor S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: November 2012

The title reaction allows formation of various new heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Di‐, Tetra‐, and Hexahydropyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]diazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Bol'but A. V. , Kemskii S. V. , Vovk M. V.
Published: November 2012

An efficient procedure for the synthesis of N‐substituted 5‐aminopyrazole‐4‐carboxamides capable to suffer intramolecular diazepine ring closure is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Sequential Hydrosilylation Toward the Assembly of Silicon‐Based Peptidomimetic Analogues.
Authors: Min Geanna K. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: November 2012

Rh‐catalyzed treatment of enamides of type (I), (VI), and (XIII) with hydrosilanes provides a mild and regioselective approach to a wide range of α‐silylated amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted α,α‐Difluoro‐β‐aminophosphonates by Addition of Diethyl Lithiodifluoromethylphosphonate to Imines.
Authors: Cherkupally Prabhakar , Beier Petr
Published: November 2012

The benzyl and Boc protective groups are readily removed under standard conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Addition of Arylzinc Reagents to Sugar Aldehydes.
Authors: Wouters Ana D. , Luedtke Diogo S.
Published: November 2012

A mild and efficient method to prepare a number of arylated carbohydrates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity in CeRhIn5
Authors: Knebel Georg , Buhot Jonathan , Aoki Dai , Lapertot Gerard , Raymond Stephane , Ressouche Eric , Flouquet Jacques
Published: November 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Studies of Pyrochlore Antiferromagnets
Authors: Gaulin Bruce D. , Gardner Jason S.
Published: November 2012

Review: 88 refs.