bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsequent child protection contact for a cohort of children reported to child protection prenatally in one Australian jurisdiction
Authors: Octoman Olivia , Arney Fiona , Meiksans Jenna , Flaherty Rosemaria , Chong Alwin , Ward Fiona , Taylor Cathy
Published: January 2023

Repeated reporting to child protection is common. One approach to early intervention is for jurisdictions to receive and respond to child protection concerns raised before children are born. Despite this, little research has comprehensively examined subsequent child protection contact for those first reported prenatally. This study aimed to examine the subsequent child protection contact for up to a two‐year period for a cohort of children who were reported about prebirth. Child protection administrative data were extracted for 640 children reported for a concern about an unborn child in a single jurisdiction during 2014. Data about child protection contacts included reports, investigations, substantiations and out‐of‐home placements for children reported prenatally. Of the 640 children, 79% reported about prenatally also had contact with child protection between birth and age two. From birth and up to age two, children reported prenatally had between zero and 21 reports. Twenty‐two per cent of the children reported prenatally were removed from their birth parents and placed in out‐of‐home care prior to age two. These findings highlight the importance of intervening and supporting families prior to and during pregnancy to reduce harm to children and reduce the need for contact with child protection.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure via SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin‐Mediated Mitophagy
Authors: Guan Sibin , Xin Yuanfeng , Ding Yagang , Zhang Qingliu , Han Wei
Published: January 2023

Adverse cardiac remodeling may lead to the development and progression of heart failure, which is lack of effective clinical treatment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), a primary ingredient of Panax ginseng, protects against diverse cardiovascular disease, but its effects on cardiac remodeling remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of GRg1 on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. GRg1 significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling in mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, reflected by reduced left ventricular dilation and decreased cardiac fibrosis, accompanied by improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, GRg1 considerably increased mitophagosomes formation, ameliorated cardiac mitochondria damage, and enhanced SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy during cardiac remodeling. Consistently, GRg1 increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis and fibrotic responses in H2O2‐treated H9c2 cells by promoting the SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin axis. Furthermore, SIRT1‐specific inhibitor (EX527) or the use of small interfering RNA against Parkin abolished the protective effect of GRg1 in vitro. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of GRg1 alleviating cardiac remodeling via enhancing SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy.
Self‐Assembled DNA Nanocages Promote Cell Migration and Differentiation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells**
Authors: Gada Anjali Rajwar , Vaswani Payal , Singh Ramesh , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: January 2023

DNA nanocages have been explored for abilities to influence cellular behavior and functions. Recent times have seen the development of new emergent functionalities of DNA nanodevices as a class of biomaterials with an immense capacity to interface with biological systems and with vast potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Being chemically robust and biocompatible in nature, DNA nanocages have been surface modified and structurally fine‐tuned to find emerging applications in the field of stem‐cell therapy and tissue regeneration. DNA nanocages can be used for therapeutic angiogenesis that involves the induction of blood vessel formation and can be used to treat ischemic diseases like stroke or heart failure. This work addresses the effect of DNA nanocages’ structural topology on their capacity to stimulate endothelial cell angiogenesis. We tested a panel of four DNA nanocage geometries and checked their potential on the differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). While different DNA nanocage geometries showed successful induction of angiogenesis and cell migration in HUVECs, tetrahedral DNA cages showed the maximum uptake and angiogenesis potential, thus indicating that not only the composition of materials, but also the 3D arrangement of ligands might play role in stimulating angiogenesis.
Live‐Cell Glycocalyx Engineering
Authors: Li Yuxin , Wang Mingzhen , Hong Senlian
Published: January 2023

A heavy layer of glycans forms a brush matrix bound to the outside of all the cells in our bodies; it is referred to as the “sugar forest” or glycocalyx. Beyond the increased appreciation of the glycocalyx over the past two decades, recent advances in engineering the glycocalyx on live cells have spurred the creation of cellular drugs and novel medical treatments. The development of new tools and techniques has empowered scientists to manipulate the structures and functions of cell‐surface glycans on target cells and endow target cells with desired properties. Herein, we provide an overview of live‐cell glycocalyx engineering strategies for controlling the cell‐surface molecular repertory to suit therapeutic applications, even though the realm of this field remains young and largely unexplored.
Genetic Encoding of a Photocaged Histidine for Light‐Control of Protein Activity
Authors: Cheung Jenny W. , Kinney William D. , Wesalo Joshua S. , Reed Megan , Nicholson Eve M. , Deiters Alexander , Cropp T. Ashton
Published: January 2023

The use of light to control protein function is a critical tool in chemical biology. Here we describe the addition of a photocaged histidine to the genetic code. This unnatural amino acid becomes histidine upon exposure to light and allows for the optical control of enzymes that utilize active‐site histidine residues. We demonstrate light‐induced activation of a blue fluorescent protein and a chloramphenicol transferase. Further, we genetically encoded photocaged histidine in mammalian cells. We then used this approach in live cells for optical control of firefly luciferase and, Renilla luciferase. This tool should have utility in manipulating and controlling a wide range of biological processes.
Gas Introduction by Permeation into Long Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Capillaries with Slug Flow
Authors: von Vietinghoff Niclas , Immken Anne , Seidensticker Thomas , de Caro Pascale , Thiebaud-Roux Sophie , Agar David W.
Published: January 2023

Due to the density differences between gases and liquids, the gas supply often limits the conversion of gas‐liquid reactions in slug flows. This paper investigates the permeation of reacting gas into an existing gas‐liquid slug flow in fluorinated ethylene propylene capillaries of up to 40 m in length, representing a significant sizing‐up of tube‐in‐tube reactors (maximum 4 m). The amount of gas introduced can be estimated with permeation coefficients given in the literature. Moreover, existing gas bubbles serve as reservoirs for the permeating gas, maintaining the advantageous slug flow pattern.
Ligand Modulation of the Structures and Magnetic Relaxation in Triangular Dy3 Complexes Based on a Tricompartmental Scaffold
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Fan , Wang Guo‐Lu , Demeshko Serhiy , Dechert Sebastian , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Meyer Franc
Published: January 2023

Using a novel tricompartmental hydrazone ligand, a set of trinuclear Dy3 complexes has been isolated and structurally characterized. Complexes Dy3 ⋅ Cl, Dy3 ⋅ Br, and Dy3 ⋅ ClO4 feature a similar overall topology but different anions (Cl−, Br−, or ClO4−) in combination with exogenous OH− and solvent co‐ligands, which is found to translate into very different magnetic properties. Complex Dy3 ⋅ Cl shows a double relaxation process with fast quantum tunneling of the magnetization, probably related to the structural disorder of μ2‐OH− and μ2‐Cl− co‐ligands. Relaxation of the magnetization is slowed down for Dy3 ⋅ Br and Dy3 ⋅ ClO4, which do not show any structural disorder. In particular, fast quantum tunneling is suppressed in case of Dy3 ⋅ ClO4, resulting in an energy barrier of 341 K and magnetic hysteresis up to 3.5 K; this makes Dy3 ⋅ ClO4 one of the most robust air‐stable trinuclear SMMs. Magneto‐structural relationships of the three complexes are analyzed and rationalized with the help of CASSCF/RASSI‐SO calculations.
Thiophene‐Based Ligands for Histological Multiplex Spectral Detection of Distinct Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lantz Linda , Shirani Hamid , Ghetti Bernardino , Vidal Ruben , Klingstedt Therése , Nilsson K. Peter R.
Published: January 2023

The aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the brain is the defining feature of many devastating neurodegenerative diseases. The development of fluorescent ligands that bind to these accumulations, or deposits, is essential for the characterization of these neuropathological lesions. We report the synthesis of donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) thiophene‐based ligands with different emission properties. The D‐A‐D ligands displayed selectivity towards distinct disease‐associated protein deposits in histological sections from postmortem brain tissue of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of the ligands to selectively identify AD‐associated pathological alterations, such as deposits composed of aggregates of the amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide or tau, was reduced when the chemical composition of the ligands was altered. When combining the D‐A‐D ligands with conventional thiophene‐based ligands, superior spectral separation of distinct protein aggregates in AD tissue sections was obtained. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species, as well as offer novel strategies for developing multiplex fluorescence detection of protein aggregates in tissue sections.
Integrating mechanical mixing, headspace, and rheology in a computational model for a fermentation process
Authors: Sadino‐Riquelme M. Constanza , Rivas José , Jeison David , Donoso‐Bravo Andrés , Hayes Robert E.
Published: January 2023

Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been applied to study bioprocesses where mechanical mixing and aerations are key, the effect of having a free surface has usually been ignored. This work studies a mixing tank for bioprocess applications to analyze the impact that the assumption of a flat liquid level has upon the modelling results, with and without aeration. The methodology takes an experimental and modelling approach. A dual impeller mixer with a speed of 400 rpm is used for batch systems with both non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluids to characterize the axis torque and surface vortex formation. Several multi‐phase CFD models are applied to study the modelling and numerical effects of the headspace on the results. Regarding modelling accuracy, the CFD models are shown to be able to capture the effect of the free surface on the fluid dynamics of the stirred tank for different fluid rheologies. Therefore, the simplification of the liquid level as a flat and fixed surface should not be applied, especially for a process with aeration or when unaerated conditions can lead to a surface vortex. Regarding the numerical accuracy, it is concluded that the mixture model does not predict the interface shape as well as the Eulerian model. However, only the mixture model shows to be numerically stable. Overall, this work provides validated CFD configurations able to predict the effect of a free surface on the mixing mechanisms in stirred reactors.
Childhood emotional maltreatment, maladaptive coping and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Kadivari Faranak , Najafi Mahmoud , Khosravani Vahid
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have reported childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) to be associated with specific obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, but maladaptive coping, which may be the underlying mechanism in this relationship, has not been evaluated yet. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of CEM on the OC symptoms of responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts, as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, through maladaptive coping, including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and emotional suppression in OCD patients (n = 360). The results showed that CEM had direct effects, as well as indirect effects via cognitive and experiential avoidance and emotional suppression, on responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts. In addition, the indirect effect of CEM on OCD severity was significantly mediated by the roles of cognitive avoidance and experiential avoidance. The present study adds new literature to evidence indicating the role of early childhood events in developing and maintaining OCD in which adverse maladaptive coping related to unpleasant childhood abuse plays an important role in OCD. More precisely, OCD patients who experience a history of CEM may further use maladaptive coping to cope with their distress and subsequently experience responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts and severe OCD.
A Comparison of FDA and EMA Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling
Authors: Kappel Dana , Sahin Leyla , Yao Lynne , Thor Shannon , Kweder Sandra
Published: January 2023

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have robust collaboration and dialogue around the need for data and the inclusion of pregnant and lactating individuals in clinical trials. Despite this collaboration, the two agencies have their own standards for the format and content of labeling for these populations. To understand these differences, the pregnancy and lactation labeling sections for 31 approved drugs were compared, and trends were assessed for use of language concordance and discordance related to use during pregnancy and lactation between the 2 agencies. Further analysis evaluated the presence of human data included in the labeling. The EMA and the FDA had high discordance between pregnancy and lactation labeling language, in 68% and 71% of labeling, respectively, and only 10% of pregnancy labeling and 16% of lactation labeling include human data. Concordance in labeling language is not the norm but occurs when there is a sizeable body of human data, animal data suggesting a particular safety issue, drug mechanism of action information, or disease‐specific considerations. This study highlights the need for more human data to inform prescribing decisions in these populations. The results also suggest that there is an opportunity for alignment in labeling across regions.
Recognize the link between disability and internet addiction
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: January 2023

Growing internet utilization blurs the distinction between effective versus detrimental internet engagement. Consequently, internet addiction is receiving increased attention and concern in higher education. Research shows that students with certain disabilities have a greater susceptibility to such addiction, and disability services providers should understand the signs and appropriate interventions available to assist students displaying such problematic behaviors.
Clearing your plate for more purpose‐driven work
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: January 2023

In the last column, I wrote about the Management Progression model that shows the progression a person makes into management, moving from a high level of content focus to a primary focus on managing and leading.
Territory and population attributes affect Florida scrub‐jay fecundity in fire‐adapted ecosystems
Authors: Breininger David R. , Stolen Eric D. , Carter Geoffrey M. , Legare Stephanie A. , Payne William V. , Breininger Daniel J. , Lyon James E. , Schumann Chris D. , Hunt Danny K.
Published: January 2023

Fecundity, the number of young produced by a breeding pair during a breeding season, is a primary component in evolutionary and ecological theory and applications. Fecundity can be influenced by many environmental factors and requires long‐term study due to the range of variation in ecosystem dynamics. Fecundity data often include a large proportion of zeros when many pairs fail to produce any young during a breeding season due to nest failure or when all young die independently after fledging. We conducted color banding and monthly censuses of Florida scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) across 31 years, 15 populations, and 761 territories along central Florida's Atlantic coast. We quantified how fecundity (juveniles/pair‐year) was influenced by habitat quality, presence/absence of nonbreeders, population density, breeder experience, and rainfall, with a zero‐inflated Bayesian hierarchical model including both a Bernoulli (e.g., brood success) and a Poisson (counts of young) submodel, and random effects for year, population, and territory. The results identified the importance of increasing “strong” quality habitat, which was a mid‐successional state related to fire frequency and extent, because strong territories, and the proportion of strong territories in the overall population, influenced fecundity of breeding pairs. Populations subject to supplementary feeding also had greater fecundity. Territory size, population density, breeder experience, and rainfall surprisingly had no or small effects. Different mechanisms appeared to cause annual variation in fecundity, as estimates of random effects were not correlated between the success and count submodels. The increased fecundity for pairs with nonbreeders, compared to pairs without, identified empirical research needed to understand how the proportion of low‐quality habitats influences population recovery and sustainability, because dispersal into low‐quality habitats can drain nonbreeders from strong territories and decrease overall fecundity. We also describe how long‐term study resulted in reversals in our understanding because of complications involving habitat quality, sociobiology, and population density.
A hydrodynamic injection approach for capillary electrophoresis using rotor–stator valves
Authors: Ferreira Santos Mauro S. , Zamuruyev Konstantin , Mora Maria F. , Noell Aaron C. , Willis Peter A.
Published: January 2023

Sample injection is a critical step in a capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. Electrokinetic injection is the simplest approach and is often selected for implementation in portable CE instruments. However, in order to minimize the effect of sample matrix upon the results of a CE analysis, hydrodynamic injection is preferred. Although portable CE instruments with hydrodynamic injection have been reported, injection has always been performed at the grounded end of the capillary. This simplifies fluidic handling but limits coupling with electrochemical detectors and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). We demonstrated previously that injection at the high‐voltage (HV) end of the capillary could be performed using an HV‐compatible rotary injection valve (fixed‐volume injection). However, the mismatch between the bore sizes of the channels on the rotor–stator valve and the separation capillary caused peak tailing and undesired mixing, impairing analytical performance. In this work, we present an HV‐compatible hydrodynamic injection approach that overcomes the issues associated with the fixed‐volume injection approach reported previously. The performance of the CE instrument was demonstrated by analyzing a mixture of 13 amino acids by CE coupled to laser‐induced fluorescence, which showed relative standard deviations for peak area and migration time below 5% and 1%, respectively, for triplicate analysis. Additionally, replicate measurements of a mixture of amino acids, peptides, nucleobases, and nucleosides by CE coupled to electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (CE–ESI–MS) were performed to evaluate peak tailing, and results were similar to those obtained with a commercial CE–ESI–MS setup.
Fracture law of different overlying strata in mining of protective seam under close distance coal seam
Authors: Wang Yingwei , Yuan Honghu , Gao Mingzhong , Li Minghui , Sun Jingge
Published: January 2023

To study the fracture law of different overlying strata during mining of the lower protective seam under a close distance coal seam at a depth of 1000 m, roof bed‐separation and fissure imaging monitoring were carried out in the inlet roadway ahead of the working face of the JI15‐31040 lower protective seam in the Pingdingshan XII coal mine. The results show that with the overlying strata of the lower protective seam being affected by mining, the displacement of the overlying strata in the roof of 0–4 m was relatively large, and the fissure development was very significant. The displacement of the overlying strata in the roof of 4–12 m was relatively small, the fissures in this range were mostly randomly closed fissures, and this area was stable. Bed separation occurred in the roof of 12–16 m, and the bed‐separating fissures were mostly located at the coal–rock junction. During the mining process, the fractal dimension of the roof gradually increased, and the fissure network developed continuously. The changing process of the fractal dimension of the roof can be roughly divided into three typical change areas: less influence area (distance from the working face > 70 m), rapid increase area (15 m < distance from the working face < 70 m), and stable area (distance from the working face < 15 m), and the area within 70 m in front of the working face was the key supporting area. Under the influence of mining, the roof fissures showed an overall change trend of “from zero to some, from short to long, from small to large, and from narrow to wide.” This study can provide a reference for mining of the protective seam in deep coal seams.
Detecting bearing failures in wind energy parks: A main bearing early damage detection method using SCADA data and a convolutional autoencoder
Authors: Tutivén Christian , Encalada‐Dávila Ángel , Vidal Yolanda , Benalcázar‐Parra Carlos
Published: January 2023

Wind energy maintenance and operation costs can total millions of dollars each year in an average industrial‐size wind park. Therefore, moving from preventive and corrective maintenance to predictive maintenance is imperative in the wind energy sector. This paper contributes to this challenge by providing a main bearing early damage detection technique that exclusively uses standard supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data (10‐min average) and a convolutional autoencoder with the following contributions. (i) Entirely semisupervised (not requiring the labeling of data through work order logs and avoiding the problem of data imbalance between classes) based only on healthy data, thus expanding its range of application (even when the failure of interest has never occurred in the park before). (ii) Validated using real‐world SCADA data and shown to be resistant to seasonality, and operational and environmental conditions. (iii) Reliable predictions with minimum false alarms thanks to specially designed fault prognosis indicators based on the image mean square error metric. (vi) The early warning is achieved months in advance, thus providing adequate time for plant operators to plan properly. (v) The main use of exogenous variables in the model (variables that are not affected by other variables, e.g., wind speed, wind turbulence, and ambient temperature) guarantees the detection of damage directly related only to the low‐speed shaft temperature (the only nonexogenous variable used by the stated model). (vi) Finally, the proposed strategy is validated in a wind park made up of 12 wind turbines.
Evolution of symmetry index in minerals
Authors: Bermanec Marko , Vidović Noa , Gavryliv Liubomyr , Morrison Shaunna M. , Hazen Robert M.
Published: January 2023

Crystal structures of minerals are defined by a specific atomic arrangement within the unit‐cell, which follows the laws of symmetry specific to each crystal system. The causes for a mineral to crystallize in a given crystal system have been the subject of many studies showing their dependency on different formation conditions, such as the presence of aqueous fluids, biotic activity and many others. Different attempts have been made to quantify and interpret the information that we can gather from studying crystal symmetry and its distribution in the mineral kingdom. However, these methods are mostly outdated or at least not compatible for use on large datasets available today. Therefore, a revision of symmetry index calculation has been made in accordance with the growing understanding of mineral species and their characteristics. In the gathered data, we observe a gradual but significant decrease in crystal symmetry through the stages of mineral evolution, from the formation of the solar system to modern day. However, this decrease is neither uniform nor linear, which provides further implications for mineral evolution from the viewpoint of crystal symmetry. The temporal distribution of minerals based on the number of essential elements in their chemical formulae and their symmetry index has been calculated and compared to explore their behaviour. Minerals with four to eight essential elements have the lowest average symmetry index, while being the most abundant throughout all stages of mineral evolution. There are many open questions, including those pertaining to whether or not biological activity on Earth has influenced the observed decrease in mineral symmetry through time and whether or not the trajectory of planetary evolution of a geologically active body is one of decreasing mineral symmetry/increasing complexity.
The effect of pharmacist‐led interventions on the management and outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD): A systematic review and meta‐analysis protocol
Authors: Ardavani Ashkon , Curtis Ffion , Khunti Kamlesh , Wilkinson Thomas J.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that results in a decline in kidney function over time. There are several conditions that increase the likelihood of developing CKD, particularly diabetes and hypertension. CKD increases the risk of mortality and has a detrimental impact on quality of life (QoL). Strategies for managing CKD include controlling cardiovascular risk factors and treating complications of CKD. There is an ever‐increasing role of pharmacists in managing CKD, from the optimization of risk factors to patient education. However, currently, there is a lack of data on the effect pharmacist‐led interventions have on the clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes.

Methods

This protocol, in adherence to PRISMA‐P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols) standards, describes a prospective systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials, where any intervention led by a pharmacist in CKD is used. Comparison groups will consist of usual care or non‐pharmacist‐led interventions. Literature searches will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data pertaining to clinical (e.g., mortality), economic (e.g., healthcare‐associated costs), and humanistic (e.g., QoL) outcomes will be extracted. Risk of bias will be assessed using the United States National Heart Lung and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for controlled intervention studies. A meta‐analysis will be conducted to synthesize appropriate comparable outcomes.

Results

The findings of this review will be published in a peer‐reviewed journal, where the results will be presented in lay language with appropriate infographics online and via social media.

Conclusion

The findings of this review can identify gaps in the literature concerning optimizing pharmacist‐led interventions in improving outcomes. In addition, this review will establish the importance of pharmacists in managing CKD patients, and whether this may result in their increased incorporation in multidisciplinary teams.
Association of lifespan reproductive duration with depression in Swedish twins: The role of hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Yang Wenzhe , Li Xuerui , Wang Zhiyu , Zhang Lulu , Wang Jiao , Qi Xiuying , Dove Abigail , Xu Weili
Published: January 2023

Objective

To examine the association between reproductive duration and postmenopausal depression (taking the use of hormone replacement therapy [HRT] into account).

Methods

In this population‐based cohort study, 11 320 postmenopausal women (mean age 63.6 years) were followed for up to 18 years. Reproductive duration was categorized into three groups: short (≤34 years), average (35–39 years), and long (≥40 years). Depression was ascertained from the Sweden National Patient Registry.

Results

During the follow up, 593 (5.24%) women developed depression. In the multi‐adjusted generalized estimating equation model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depression were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.55) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.01–1.55) for women with short and long reproductive durations, respectively, compared with those women with average reproductive duration. Women with a non‐typical reproductive duration (≤34 or ≥40 years) who received HRT were at a higher risk of depression (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.42–2.33). There was a significant additive interaction between non‐typical reproductive duration and the use of HRT on depression (attributable proportion 0.26, 95% CI 0.03–0.50).

Conclusion

Women with a short or long reproductive duration, especially those with a history of HRT use, have a higher risk of depression after menopause compared with those with an average reproductive duration.
Bell's palsy during rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Takemura Kohji , Yamanaka Taro , Hayashida Michikata , Kizawa Rika , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Tanabe Yuko , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Suyama Koichi , Urakami Shinji , Miura Yuji
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The peripheral nervous system is one of the target organs of immune‐related adverse events. Peripheral facial nerve palsy, also called Bell's palsy, which is induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors, is quite rare, and its clinical features are not well known.

Case presentation

A man with renal cell carcinoma who received rechallenging immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy developed unilateral facial palsy and was diagnosed with Bell's palsy. He did not have any severe immune‐related adverse events during his previous immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Corticosteroid therapy was immediately initiated, and his facial palsy symptoms promptly improved.

Conclusion

Physicians should be aware that Bell's palsy can occur as an immune‐related adverse event. Additionally, careful observation is necessary during rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors, even in patients who did not have previous immune‐related adverse events.
Effects of multiwavelength photobiomodulation for the treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries associated with bone fractures: A double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jana Neto Frederico Carlos , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Alves Gustavo Porto , Almeida Paulo Victor Dias , Delgado Felipe Guimaraes , Fonseca Lucas Resende , Gama Maiara Zeni Graiff , Jorge Mariana Djrdjrjan , Hamblin Michael R. , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (MPBM) in healing soft tissue injuries associated with tibial and/or ankle fractures. Participants were randomized into the MPBM or control group. Primary outcome was wound healing, measured by the Bates‐Jensen scale. Assessments were performed daily. Twenty‐seven hospitalized adults were included. MPBM showed an improvement in the daily mean Bates‐Jensen scale (MPBM 32.1 vs. control 34.2;p = 0.029), daily mean pain score change (MPBM 0.5 vs. control 0.2;p = 0.04) and occurrence of infection at the site of the external fixator pins (MPBM 15.3% vs. control 57.1%;p = 0.02). MPBM group also showed faster‐wound resolution (MPBM 13.1 vs. control 23.1 days). Subgroup analysis showed improvement in the MPBM group among less severe patients on the Bates‐Jensen scale (MPBM 27.4 vs. control 34.7;p = 0.0081) and mean time for wound resolution (MPBM 7.0 vs. control 14.6 days;p = 0.03). MPBM appears safe and effective in reducing wound resolution time, infection in the surgical pin sites, reported pain and time before definitive surgery.
Cover Image
Authors: Cheng Chenyaqiong , Liu Pei , Zhao Pengtao , Du Guorong , Wang Shengnan , Liu Hui , Cao Xiaomeng , Zhao Qinghao , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Developing novel oenological tannins from 44 plants sources by assessing astringency and color in model wine by Chenyaqiong Cheng et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12247.

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Enrichment of keystone fungal taxa after flue gas desulphurization gypsum application drives reclamation of the saline‐sodic soil
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ge An‐Hui , Tóth Tibor , Yang Fan , Wang Zhichun , An Fenghua
Published: January 2023

Soil salinization is a major threat to sustainable agriculture in the western part of Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGDG) is commonly used for reclaiming of saline soils due to its high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. However, the responses of soil and root‐associated fungi after FGDG amendment and the keystone fungal taxa in determining soil reclamation effect remain elusive. In this study, a long‐term field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different levels of one‐time FGDG application on the soil reclamation and the herbage (Leymus chinensis) growth. Our results showed that the FGDG application greatly reduced soil salinity level, increased soil fertility and fungal diversity, and promoted aboveground biomass of L. chinensis, whereas reduced FGDG dose to 60% of gypsum requirement (GR) exhibited non‐significant difference on these characters compared with 100% GR treatment. We further discovered that both soil and root fungal communities were greatly changed after FGDG application, with root fungal community more sensitive than soil fungi. Through applying the Random Forest model, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomeromycota was identified as the keystone taxa in predicting the soil salinity, soil fertility, and plant growth trait. Intriguingly, some Glomeromycota‐affiliated ZOTUs were consistently enriched in the FGDG application treatments, and acted as keystone hubs in the co‐occurrence network of fungal communities. Together, our study provides new insights that the enrichment of keystone Glomeromycota after FGDG application determines the reclamation of the saline‐sodic soil, which would guide the microbial‐based strategy for the development of degraded ecosystems.
Abandoned terrace recognition based on deep learning and change detection on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Guo Huili , Sun Liquan , Yao Ailing , Chen Ziyu , Feng Hao , Wu Shufang , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: January 2023

Terraces are an important cultivated land resource. Terrace abandonment affects the soil quality, soil and water conservation benefits, and biodiversity of terraces. Therefore, it is important to quantify the number and spatial distribution of abandoned terraces to protect cultivated land and food security. However, the traditional remote sensing method cannot identify small plots and make accurate assessment of abandoned farmland quickly in mountainous areas. To accurately identifying abandoned terraces, this study used semantic segmentation based on deep learning and change detection to identify abandoned terraces and their spatial distribution in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau in 2021. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of three deep learning models revealed that RefineNet is superior to DeepLabv3+ and DeepLabv3 for identifying abandoned terraces. The user's accuracy, producer's accuracy, overall accuracy, and appa values for RefineNet were 0.817, 0.894, 0.800, and 0.539, respectively. For change detection, the corresponding values were 0.821, 0.753, 0.731, and 0.426, respectively. In addition, semantic segmentation produced better recognition results than change detection in complex terrain and geomorphological areas. The abandoned terraces in the study area were mainly distributed in mountainous areas far from residential areas and more likely at high elevations with large slopes. This study provides a new method for recognizing abandoned terraces and spatial distribution information for managing and utilizing abandoned terraces.
Fabrication of PLCL Block Polymer with Tunable Structure and Properties for Biomedical Application
Authors: Luo Chenmin , Liu Shengyang , Luo Wei , Wang Jing , He Hongyan , Chen Can , Xiao Lan , Liu Changsheng , Li Yulin
Published: January 2023

Biodegradable materials are pivotal in the biomedical field, where how to precisely control their structure and performance is critical for their translational application. In this study, poly(L‐lactide‐b‐ε‐caprolactone) block copolymers (bPLCL) with well‐defined segment structure are obtained by a first synthesis of poly(ε‐caprolactone) soft block, followed by ring opening polymerization of lactide to form poly(L‐lactide acid)  hard block. The pre‐polymerization allows for fabrication of bPLCL with the definite compositions of soft/hard segment while preserving the individual segment of their special soft or hard segment. These priorities make the bPLCL afford biodegradable polymer with better mechanical and biodegradable controllability than the random poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (rPLCL) synthesized via traditional one‐pot polymerization. 10 mol% ε‐caprolactone introduction can result in a formation of an elastic polymer with elongation at break of 286.15% ± 55.23%. Also, bPLCL preserves the unique crystalline structure of the soft and hard segments to present a more sustainable biodegradability than the rPLCL. The combinative merits make the pre‐polymerization technique a promising strategy for a scalable production of PLCL materials for potential biomedical application.
Fabrication and DOE Optimization of Electrospun Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Nanofibers for Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hadipour‐Goudarzi Elmira , Hemmatinejad Nahid , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2023

Chitosan/gelatin‐based nanofibers display excellent biological performance in tissue engineering because of their biocompatible composition and nanofibrous structure with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio mimicking the native extracellular matrix. In this study, to save time and cost of experiments, a response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) is developed to predict the mean diameter of (chitosan:gelatin)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers in three volume ratios of chitosan:gelatin by considering PVA percentage, applied voltage, and flow rate as input variables. The morphology and chemical composition of nanofibers are investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The optimum conditions to yield the minimum diameter of nanofibers with chitosan:gelatin ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 are found and result in 165, 121, and 92 nm, respectively, which show good accordance with BBD estimated results. The tensile testing indicates that nanofibers containing higher ratio of chitosan:gelatin result in higher tensile stress and lower toughness and tensile strain. The water contact angle analysis (WCA) shows the appropriate hydrophilicity of crosslinked nanofibers. The MTT assay shows excellent cell viability and cell attachment of nanofibers for mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The results indicate that optimum nanofibers are potent candidates for wound healing applications.
Provider rate hikes at heart of Medicaid workforce expansion
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

A majority of states have instituted or are planning to implement fee‐for‐service rate increases in order to strengthen the behavioral health workforce available to Medicaid beneficiaries, according to a new Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) analysis. Most of the states that use managed care organizations (MCOs) to oversee Medicaid services require these entities to implement the fee‐for‐service increases as well, according to the report.
3D multi‐view squeeze‐and‐excitation convolutional neural network for lung nodule classification
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Xiaoqin , Fu Jipeng , Han Zhenbo , Gao Bin
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Early screening is crucial to improve the survival rate and recovery rate of lung cancer patients. Computer‐aided diagnosis system (CAD) is a powerful tool to assist clinicians in early diagnosis. Lung nodules are characterized by spatial heterogeneity. However, many attempts use the two‐dimensional multi‐view (MV) framework to learn and simply integrate multiple view features. These methods suffer from the problems of not capturing the spatial characteristics effectively and ignoring the variability of multiple views. In this paper, we propose a three‐dimensional MV convolutional neural network (3D MVCNN) framework and embed the squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) module in it to further address the variability of each view in the MV framework.

Methods

First, the 3D multiple view samples of lung nodules are extracted by the spatial sampling method, and a 3D CNN is established to extract 3D abstract features. Second, build a 3D MVCNN framework according to the 3D multiple view samples and 3D CNN. This framework can learn more features of different views of lung nodules, taking into account the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity of lung nodules. Finally, to further address the variability of each view in the MV framework, a 3D MVSECNN model is constructed by introducing a SE module in the feature fusion stage. For training and testing purposes we used independent subsets of the public LIDC‐IDRI dataset.

Results

For the LIDC‐IDRI dataset, this study achieved 96.04% accuracy and 98.59% sensitivity in the binary classification, and 87.76% accuracy in the ternary classification, which was higher than other state‐of‐the‐art studies. The consistency score of 0.948 between the model predictions and pathological diagnosis was significantly higher than that between the clinician's annotations and pathological diagnosis.

Conclusions

The results show that our proposed method can effectively learn the spatial heterogeneity of nodules and solve the problem of multiple view variability. Moreover, the consistency analysis indicates that our method can provide clinicians with more accurate results of benign‐malignant lung nodule classification for auxiliary diagnosis, which is important for assisting clinicians in clinical diagnosis.
Geomechanical parameters assessment and geological characterization using fuzzy C means clustering of electrical resistivity and seismic data
Authors: Benjumea Beatriz , Gabàs Anna , Macau Albert , Bellmunt Fabian , Ledo Juanjo , Ripoll Jordi , Figueras Sara
Published: January 2023

A broad understanding of the subsoil characteristics is required to deal with uncertainty in the infrastructure planning phase or even in the diagnosis of infrastructure damage. In this work, electrical resistivity and seismic methods have been employed for lithological characterization and geomechanical parameters assessment. The study area is characterized by high variability in geotechnical characteristics due to complex lithology. For lithological discrimination, we have used a soft clustering method to combine the independently electrical‐ and seismic‐derived models. The outputs of this integration process are zonal models that help to decrease interpretation uncertainties. From single seismic profiles, both Vp and Vs information are extracted allowing geomechanical parameters to be estimated. All this information is critical for assessing the variance and inhomogeneity of the subsoil characteristics. The methodology shown in this work can be used in the infrastructure planning phase as well as to ascertain the causes of detected damage on built infrastructure.
Glycolysis and de novo fatty acid synthesis cooperatively regulate pathological vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Cao Kaixiang , Zhang Tiejun , Li Zou , Song Mingchuan , Li Anqi , Yan Jingwei , Guo Shuai , Wang Litao , Huang Shuqi , Li Ziling , Hou Wenzhong , Dai Xiaoyan , Wang Yong , Feng Du , He Jun , Fu Xiaodong , Xu Yiming
Published: January 2023

Switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile phenotype to a dedifferentiated (proliferative) phenotype contributes to neointima formation, which has been demonstrated to possess a tumor‐like nature. Dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of tumors but has not thoroughly been elucidated in neointima formation. Here, we investigated the cooperative role of glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis in vascular injury‐induced VSMC dedifferentiation and neointima formation. We found that the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and its target 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (PFKFB3), a critical glycolytic enzyme, were induced in the neointimal VSMCs of human stenotic carotid arteries and wire‐injured mouse carotid arteries. HIF‐1α overexpression led to elevated glycolysis and resulted in a decreased contractile phenotype while promoting VSMC proliferation and activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Conversely, silencing Pfkfb3 had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that glycolysis generates acetyl coenzyme A to fuel de novo fatty acid synthesis and mTORC1 activation. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed the increased expression of PFKFB3 and fatty acid synthetase (FASN) in dedifferentiated VSMCs. More importantly, FASN upregulation was observed in neointimal VSMCs of human stenotic carotid arteries. Finally, interfering with PFKFB3 or FASN suppressed vascular injury‐induced mTORC1 activation, VSMC dedifferentiation, and neointima formation. Together, this study demonstrated that PFKFB3‐mediated glycolytic reprogramming and FASN‐mediated lipid metabolic reprogramming are distinctive features of VSMC phenotypic switching and could be potential therapeutic targets for treating vascular diseases with neointima formation. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
In‐silico identification of Tyr232 in AMPKα2 as a dephosphorylation site for the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP‐PEST
Authors: Manikandan Amrutha , T.S. Sreevidya , Manoj Narayanan , Vemparala Satyavani , Dixit Madhulika
Published: January 2023

The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be activated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 12 (PTP‐PEST) under hypoxic conditions. This activation is mediated by tyrosine dephosphorylation of the AMPKα subunit. However, the identity of the phosphotyrosine residues that PTP‐PEST dephosphorylates remains unknown. In this study, we first predicted the structure of the complex of the AMPKα2 subunit and PTP‐PEST catalytic domain using bioinformatics tools and further confirmed the stability of the complex using molecular dynamics simulations. Evaluation of the protein–protein interfaces indicated that residue Tyr232 is the most likely dephosphorylation site on AMPKα2. In addition, we explored the effect of phosphorylation of PTP‐PEST residue Tyr64 on the stability of the complex. Phosphorylation of the highly conserved Tyr64, an interface residue, enhances the stability of the complex via the rearrangement of a network of electrostatic interactions in conjunction with conformational changes in the catalytic WPD loop. We generated a phosphomimetic (PTP‐PEST‐Y64D) mutant and used co‐immunoprecipitation to study the effect of PTP‐PEST phosphorylation on AMPKα2 binding. The mutant exhibited an increased affinity for AMPKα2 and corroborated the in‐silico predictions. Together, our findings present a plausible structural basis of AMPK regulation by PTP‐PEST and show how phosphorylation of PTP‐PEST affects its interaction with AMPKα2.