bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halal fashion: Strategi pemasaran dengan marketing mix 9P
Authors: Hapsari Mega Tunjung
Published: August 2022

There have been many marketing mix strategies that have been carried out in the business world, but this research is different because it combines sharia marketing with the 9P marketing mix method, which includes product strategy, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence, payment, and product packaging, as well as supporting factors, barriers, and solutions to Ebi Parfum Jombang's efforts to increase product sales. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with primary and secondary data. Interactive model data analysis with validation using triangulation. The research results are: 1) Sharia marketing through the 9P marketing mix implemented by Ebi Parfum paying attention to sharia values, namely fathanah, shiddiq, tabligh, and amanah; using halal ingredients and always maintaining product quality. Of the nine elements of the marketing mix, there are two dominant elements in the success of sharia marketing, namely product and price strategies. 2) The supporting factors for sharia marketing through the 9P marketing mix in the Ebi Parfum business are halal and quality ingredients, wide product distribution, competitive selling prices, product differentiation, and innovation. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the limited stock of bottles, large capital, many competitors, and vulnerability to leaks for long-distance shipments.
Moartea unui împărat roman: despre cazul lui Claudius/Death of a Roman Emperor: The case of Claudius
Authors: Şteflea Corina Ruxandra
Published: August 2022

Acest articol aduce în discuţie moartea împăratului roman Claudius, petrecută la idele lui octombrie 54 d.Hr. Sunt analizate mărturiile autorilor antici cu privire la acest episod, sunt prezentate şi concluziile la care cercetătorii contemporani ajung după ce supun aceste scrieri antice la diverse grile de cercetare şi, în cele din urmă, poate că cea mai interesantă parte a acestui studiu constă în prezentarea şi discutarea opiniilor şi a abordărilor medicilor specialişti care se apleacă şi ei asupra decesului împăratului Claudius.
Un manifest gazetăresc – Calendarul nostru pe 1918/A Journalistic Manifesto – Our Calendar for 1918
Authors: Teodoraşcu Fănel
Published: August 2022

Într-un stat modern, locul ocupat de presă este unul deosebit. Istoria presei româneşti conţine numeroase episoade întunecate, iar unul dintre acestea s-a petrecut după declanşarea Primului Război Mondial. Scandalul provocat de ceea ce s-a numit ,,dosarul Günther” a ridicat mari semne de întrebare asupra moralităţii multor gazetari talentaţi. La sfârşitul anului 1917, deznădejdea era starea spirituală care caracteriza societatea românească. În acest context, la Bârlad, apare Calendarul nostru pe 1918.
Pasărea Alkonost – Simbol şi mit la ruşii lipoveni/Alkonost Bird – Sybmol and Myth at Lippovan Russians
Authors: Movileanu Ala
Published: August 2022

Articolul este o scurtă descriere al unui mit popular din mitologia slavă, Alkonost – pasărea raiului. Alkonost se întâlneşte frecvent în legendele medievale bizantine şi ruse, ca fiind pasărea raiului; jumătate femeie, jumătate pasăre, aducătoare de noroc. Legenda păsării Alkonost a fost adusă, de peste mări şi ţări, de către negustori şi repede a prins rădăcini pe pământul vechii Rusii. Simbolul păsării Alkonost este des întâlnit în letopiseţele ruse, iar reprezentările ilustrate ale acestei făpturi pe cărţile-manuscris, pe bijuteriile Rusiei Kievene, în sculptura bisericilor din piatră albă din Kiev, Vladimir şi Suzdal.

Această pasăre de poveste a devenit cunoscută în literatura rusă veche a secolului XIV, iar în secolele XVI-XVII este prezentă în dicţionarele alfabetice. Foarte răspândite sunt şi desenele executate pe suport de hârtie de calitate inferioară (,,lubocinîe cartinî”). În România tablouri cu reprezentarea păsării Alkonost erau rar întâlnite în casele ruşilor lipoveni din Dobrogea, dar un exemplar de o execuţie artistică impecabilă se poate admira de către publicul vizitator în unitatea muzeală Jurilovca, aflată în Muzeul Naţional al Satului din Bucureşti.
Das sein sich zeigend verbirgt. Eine kurze Betrachtung über den zeitgenössichen Menschen
Authors: Babin Dana
Published: August 2022

Contemplând omul contemporan, omul (post)modern, dacă se poate spune așa, ne izbește incapacitatea fundamentală în care se află de a nu putea crea, de a nu mai naște opere cu semnificaţie eternă. Cu Schiller înţelegem că abilitatea artistică deschide un orizont esenţial către libertate (sau mai bine zis de transcendere a condiţiei finite, umane). Ideea se regăsește mai devreme la Kant și are ecouri în interpretările heideggeriene. Arta reprezintă oglindirea Adevărului, implicit a Fiinţei în opere de mare amploare, ceea ce înseamnă de fiecare dată că Fiinţa se face „disponibilă” prin concretizarea în Frumos. Dar câtă vreme nu mai avem parte de o asemenea concretizare, trăim în lipsa Fiinţei și a Adevărului, fiind victime ale unui Timp fatal, în care nu există Transcendent.
Tipuri de artefacte folosite la ornamentarea gulerului, ȋmbrăcăminte şi la centură: pandantivi şi butoni/nasturi
Authors: Mailat Damaris
Published: August 2022

The types of artefacts used on dressing ornaments during the IXth-XIth centuries, discovered in the Danubian Basin, were various as form, ornament and materials. They were used at dressing ornaments (the buttons and the appliqués), ornaments for belts, harnesses or shoes.

These dressing ornaments pieces are: the buckles-various types, appliqués, buttons, each of them with many forms. The pendants (bell-shaped heart-shaped, lunular-shaped) buckles were commonly used on clothes and harnesses. Heart-shaped pendants were found on Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei, Oroszlámos, Timisoara-Cioreni, Klaráfalva, Hodoni-Picioroane, Banatsko Arandelovo, Beba Veche, Moldovenești, Sarretuvari Hizofold. They were made by silver, bronz or silver glinted. These kins of pendants were studied by Csaba Balint. Lunular pendants were found at la Nădlac- Lutărie, Ciumbrud- Podireu, Vukovar Lijeva baram and Puspokladany-Eperjesvolgy. They are usually made by bronz and are decorated with fine incisions and with different motifs. Bell pendants were found at Bocar-Buțak ekonomija, Voiteni, Desk-D, Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei, Odartsi, Puspokladany-Eperjesvolgy and Vukovar Lijeva baram. They all have at least one suspension loop.

A fragmentary mushroom-shaped bronze stud has been discovered at Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei in grave 41. Similar pieces have been found at Alba Iulia-Stația de Salvare, Bjelo Brdo, Blandiana B, Dvory nad Zitavou, Gomjenica, Hodoni Picioroane andKlostar Podravski, Orăștie. The existing analogies allow a dating of this form în the 10 th and 11th centuries. Another type of sud discovered în Brândușei Street cementery has a spherical body, linked with the hanger through a double muff. The piece is hallow, while its lower side ends with a protuberance-the onion head.
Divergențe ȋntre stat şi societate ȋn România secolului XX: Greva minerilor din Valea Jiului din august 1977
Authors: Ghețe Eugen
Published: August 2022

In year 1977 romanian miners from the region of ”Valea Jiului” get into strike as a protest against heavy conditions of work and life. Immediately, the communist regime begins a hard repression against them.
Modelul iconografic al arcaşului de pe crucea de piatră de la Ruthwell
Authors: Dragnea Mihai
Published: August 2022

Numerous studies and articles have been written about the Anglo-Saxon stone cross of Ruthwell, Scotland (the VIIIth century), analysing very carefully each detail. Be it an analysis from a religious point of view or an artistic one, scientists have tried time and time again to offer us precious information about the famous Paleochristian monument. It is said that this remarkable monument contains the oldest Anglo-Saxon literary text.
Evoluția diplomației
Authors: Roşca Adriana
Published: August 2022

This article speaks about the beginning of democracy in the Western Europe. Western European diplomacy was shaped early in his birth, as part of the system of interstate relations, a policy based on old traditional archaic forms of governance. The main factors for westernization diplomatic methods were determined mainly by the principle balance of forces. The main international political system that governed Europe, is composed of a complex set of symbols, concepts and methods, all reflected in the manner of dealing with other neighboring countries. So between this system of foreign affairs and culture of each people its own, as an emblem feature, you can see a close connection. The rules were laid the foundation stone of diplomacy began to be established early in the fifteenth century, when they begin to be addressed first attempts association and joint problem solving between the European states and begin to develop as a true field of real importance in the late-nineteenth century, when the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Cunoaşterea apofatică ȋn teologia mistică a lui Dionisie Areopagitul
Authors: Lőrincz Adela-Irina
Published: August 2022

Pour un historien qui étudie le Moyen Age c'est necessaire d'en comprendre la mentalité prédominante. C'est ce que j'essaye de fair dans cet article. Je fais une analyse d'un des les plus importantes oeuvres de la mistique chrétienne: La Théologie mistique de Denys l'Aréopagite. Son oeuvre littéraire est caracterisé par un language théologique et symbolique spécifique pour les mistiques chrétiens du Moyen Age. Voici ce que j'ai compris sur le thème de la connaissance apofatique.
E.H. Gombrich şi Arthur Danto: Cele mai ȋnalte standarde ȋn istoria artei
Authors: Moscovici Claudia
Published: August 2022

This essay examines the writing of the legendary art historians and aesthetic theorists E. H. Gombrich and Arthur Danto. In my opinion, their books set the highest standards in expository writing in the arts and humanities. Both of them felt equally comfortable writing for a large general audience as for a smaller group of specialists. In fact, they wrote different books for these different audiences. Though highly respected for their scholarship, both Gombrich and Danto are best known for explaining art history and aesthetics to the general public in a simple, clear and engaging manner. They abide by one of the most famous sayings attributed to Albert Einstein — “If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough” which, I believe, should be a mantra for expository writing in the arts and letters (creative writing being, of course, another matter).
Regatul Ungariei Medievale şi Ordinul Cavalerilor – Monahi Teutoni: Studiu asupra formelor de proprietate în dreptul medieval: exempţiunea/The Kingdom of Hungary And the Teutonic Order – Forms of property in the Ius Commune: Exemption
Authors: Safta Mihai
Published: August 2022

Studiul are ca obiectiv clarificarea pe cât posibil, a unor noţiuni terminologice prezente în discursul juriştilor medievişti despre ius commune. Vom face o scurtǎ prezentare a cadrului istoric, contextul problemei conflictului între Andrei al II-lea şi Ordinul Cavalerilor-Monahi Teutoni, soluţionarea acestuia, dicotomia Christus-Fiscus şi necesitatea clarificǎrii limbajului juridic. Un alt aspect al cercetǎrii este caracterul jurisdicţiei “de jure” a ţǎrii Bârsei pe perioada 1211–1224.
Începuturile Mǎnǎstirii Radu Vodǎ din Bucureşti: Istorie şi surse/The beginnings of the Radu Voda Monastery from Bucharest: History and Sources
Authors: Teleman Florenţa
Published: August 2022

În centrul oraşului Bucureşti, într-o atmosferǎ încǎrcatǎ de zgomotul paşilor grǎbiţi ai trecǎtorilor, se înalţǎ, impozantǎ şi semeaţǎ, deşi greu încercatǎ peste veacuri, Mǎnǎstirea Radu Vodǎ, odatǎ important lǎcaş de închinare în cetatea de scaun a lui Alexandru al II-lea Mircea. Amintirile legate de prezenţa dominantǎ a spiritualitǎţii creştine asupra împrejurimilor pe care încǎ o impune aceastǎ mǎnǎstire prin cuvântul şi cântecul bisericesc ce se ridicǎ în altar, se pierd, aşadar, în vremuri de mult apuse, pe când se numea Sfânta Troiţǎ şi îndeplinea funcţia de reşedinţǎ a celui mai înalt ierarh al ţǎrii Româneşti. Deşi arsǎ de turcii lui Sinan Paşa, izvoarele istoriei permit identificarea cronologiei primei faze de construcţie a Mǎnǎstirii Sfânta Troiţǎ, ca locaş distinct în cuprinsul aceluiaşi aşezǎmânt monastic ce astǎzi se numeşte Radu Vodǎ.
Presa „Anilor de foc”: Secvenţe din jurnalismul Primului Rǎzboi Mondial/The media during the “Years of Fire”
Authors: Petcu Marian
Published: August 2022

Studiul de faţǎ este o radiografie a evoluţiei presei din Regatul Român în perioada Primului Rǎzboi Mondial. Urmǎrim aici apariţia presei care privilegiazǎ tematica rǎzboiului, pledeazǎ pentru alianţe militare şi/sau pentru neutralitate, reducerea numǎrului de ziare şi reviste dupǎ intrarea României în rǎzboi, cenzura tuturor formelor de comunicare publicǎ. Se poate constata cǎ programele editoriale nu mai ţin seama de ideologii, ci de alianţe politico-militare, atât în anii neutralitǎţii, cât şi în cei ai confruntǎrii militare. Dupǎ ocuparea sudului României de cǎtre trupele germane, austro-ungare şi bulgare, administraţia centralǎ de stat, împreunǎ cu familia regalǎ şi cu un mare numǎr de redacţii se stabilesc în oraşul Iaşi. În Bucureşti sunt tolerate de administraţia militarǎ germanǎ câteva publicaţii filogermane – Gazeta Bucureştiului, Lumina şi Seara. Alte publicaţii sunt editate de armata germanǎ în oraşele ocupate: Kriegs-Zeitung 9 Armee (Jurnalul de rǎzboi al Armatei a 9-a) tipǎritǎ la Sebeş şi Râmnicu Sǎrat; Verordnudnugen für die Bevölkerung Rumäniens im Gebiete der Militärverwaltung (Bucureşti), Deutsche Ausgabe des “Agrarul” (Bucureşti), Putna-Zeitung (Focşani), Donau Armee Zeitung (Brǎila) şi altele. Prezentǎm şi unele exemple de publicitate din timpul rǎzboiului, mesaje ce trǎdeazǎ starea de sǎrǎcie generatǎ de rǎzboi (a se vedea schimbul de alimente ori de alte produse). Situaţia jurnaliştilor şi retorica urii sunt, de asemenea, aspecte despre care amintim în aceastǎ schiţǎ istoricǎ.
Guvernǎrile Partidului Naţional-Ţǎrǎnesc din timpul Marii Crize Economice/The National Peasant's Party government during the Great Depression
Authors: Mureşan Marius
Published: August 2022

În cadrul acestui articol, accentul cade asupra perioadei interbelice a istoriei românilor. Imediat dupǎ încheierea Primului Rǎzboi Mondial, societatea şi clasa politicǎ româneascǎ erau încǎ destul de efervescente. În aceste condiţii, iau naştere mişcǎri noi, cu origini în provinciile fostului Imperiu Austro-Ungar. Istoria PNţ la conducerea ţǎrii se suprapune cu o perioadǎ care a marcat întreaga lume: Marea Crizǎ. Dificultǎţile pe care guvernele le întâmpinǎ sunt reflectate în analizele istoricilor, dar şi în articolele de presǎ care încearcǎ sǎ prezinte abuzuri, decizii economice şi sociale. Ne propunem sǎ prezentǎm felul în care a evoluat aceastǎ doctrinǎ şi modul în care ideile preconizate au fost aplicate în momentul în care PNţ a ajuns la putere.
Post-conflict gender politics in the Western Balkans – between the same circle of palms with human security and a small stream outside the box/Politici de gen post-conflict în Balcanii de Vest – între analogiile circulare cu securitatea umanǎ şi tendinţe firave de detaşare
Authors: Berna Ioana-Bianca
Published: August 2022

Can the issue of gender politics trust to time and opportunity for better be discussed when it does not actually feel like that enough has been said, especially in the case of the Western Balkans?

The effective experience of pre-definition or of a case closed applies when one attempts to tackle the issue of gender politics, its hitching with human security and its call of revelation in the Western Balkans.

The display of performing acts of the women's role in the post-conflict region of the Western Balkans has been multiply appreciated in analyses.

Throughout this article, we will be housing a linking overture that this aspect entertains with human security and, above all, we will be reckoning a manner of adjudication to the foreordained elements that still have an important impact core upon the issue of gender politics in the Western Balkans.
The Danube question during the period of the Vienna Peace Conference and Congress of Paris (1855–1856)
Authors: Munteanu Mihaela
Published: August 2022

After the start of the Crimean War, one of the main objectives of the European diplomacy was the resolving of the contradictions related to the navigation on the Danube. Removing Russia from the Danube's mouth and eliminating the danger of Austria's exclusive control in the Romanian region of the river, represented important victories for Romanians, which, under the collective guarantee of the great European powers, could follow their own political destiny and meanwhile to grow economically.
L'idiologie fractionniste. L'anti-dynasticisme
Authors: Gafiţa Irina
Published: August 2022

The nineteenth century Romanian society was going through a vast modernization process. Political life was no exception. It was in this context that numerous political parties made their appearance on the public stage, although the majority had only a temporary existence.

The political party named “The free and independent faction” is an interesting addition on the public stage. Anti-dynastic, had it been in their powers, they would have banished Prince Carol I of Romania. Their dream was to see a “Romanian ruler on a Romanian throne”. Their importance lies in the overwhelming influence they had in Moldova, a Romanian province. They played a decisive role in Parliament, because their votes brought the power in the hands of the Liberals or the Conservatives.

This paper aims to present a main aspect of this group's ideology, to analyze the impact of their anti-Dynastic ideas and relate them to the person of Charles I and the foreign policy promoted by him. The study will also analyze the route of this party ideological ideas, in this case the anti-Dynastic ones, since its appearance on the public stage, to the point where they disappear as a political group, from public discontent to acceptance and even appreciation. Their beliefs are, as the study will point out, in close relation with the influence of Simion Barnutiu, the individual believed to be the group's mentor.
The „echo” of the government policy on education in the written press of the governing parties (1919–1929)
Authors: Reianu Diana-Gabriela
Published: August 2022

The principles that stood at the base of the educational policy in Romania during the first interwar decade, discussed and analyzed by the politicians of that time, by the decision-makers, teachers, parents, specialists etc., occupied frequently the columns of the newspapers. Thus, this study tries to emphasize the “echo” of the government policy on education in the written press, and to show what media considered as being relevant in terms of education in the period of 1919–1929. The study reveals and confirms the opposition of political parties; it is noticeable that while liberals praised in the “media house” the steps, actions and projects proposed by liberal ministers, the members of the Peasants Party were criticizing those actions. Unfortunately, the controversial reactions do not occur and do not remain only in the “quadrant” of the press, but they sometimes put their mark on the educational process, which not infrequently had suffered. Overall, however, despite divergences and critical attitudes, an important place in the concerns of those who had the power to legislate was occupied by the desire to create an education adapted to the specific conditions of our country, an education that takes into account the circumstance in which the Romanian state develops and the needs that had to be met.
Charles I of Hungary and the Structural Changes in the Old Kingdom of Hungary. A Study on the Transylvanian Jurisprudence in the 14th Century / Carol Robert de Anjou și modificarea structurală a vechiului Regat Maghiar. Studiu asupra jurisprudenței transilvănene din secolul al XIV-lea
Authors: Safta Mihai
Published: August 2022

The eleventh and thirteenth centuries represent the ascendency of the knight in the social structures of the European middle ages, and serve as the launching point for the newly created ideas in the patrician cast of the Hungarians. A relevant example is the struggle that Charles Robert of Anjou begun when he inserted into the old structures of the Kingdome his forefathers model of governing. I refer here mainly to the recompense system of honor. This ritual rooted back in the Carolingian period will be felt most in the new form that the Kingdome of Hungary must take and adapt both institutionally and judiciary.
Certain Aspects of Mental Mapping and the Origins of the Nationalism in Eastern Europe / Câteva aspecte legate de numirea regiunilor şi originile naționalismului ȋn Europa de Est
Authors: Eperjesi Zoltán
Published: August 2022

Author searches for the scientific origins of nationalisms in the region of Eastern Europe. The evaluation starts with an intellectual experiment by trying to understand certain complex aspects of mental mapping concerning the regional concepts of Eastern and Central Europe. Author examines certain historical definitions on nationalisms as extreme forms of patriotism re-emerged after the turnaround of 1989/1990 in the region of Eastern or Central Europe, in the Balkans. However, it is fact, that nationalism as such is still present today even in the Western part of Europe, thus it is in the middle of modern civilisations, despite intricate internationalisation processes. According to the author, it is necessary to understand the impact of communism on the development of nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe, because this could be a connection link by evaluating different prevalent forms of nationalism in today's Europe.
Doctrina Prajñāpāramitā şi ȋnceputurile budhismului Mahāyāna / Prajñāpāramitā and the beginnings of Mahāyāna Buddhism
Authors: Nedu Ovidiu
Published: August 2022

Hie article depicts the extreme metaphysical response of early Mahāyāna Buddhism (the Prajñāpāramitā corpus), directed towards the very alembicated psychological religion of Hānayāna. Claiming to be a path towards the purification of the mind, through its very complicated analysis of the psychological mechanisms, Hānayāna was jeopardizing the ideal it preached. Discarding this kind of religious approach, for regaining the purity of consciousness, early Mahāyāna proposed a direct path, that doesn't require the complicated psychological stages of Abhidharma, but consists simply in the direct comprehension of the ultimate condition of everything. The gradual psychological path of Hānayāna is substituted by a metaphysical loop that heads directly to the ultimate reality. In a sheer manner, Prajñāpāramitā proclaims the voidness (śūnyatā) of the entire experience and the merging of all manifestations into their „substratum” (dharmadhātu).
Statutul femeii în noile regate Barbare
Authors: Mailat Damaris
Published: August 2022

The importance of a woman in the Germanic society is reflected especially in rhe laws codes of each people. Even if are some differences, most of the laws gives to the Germanic women, Longobard, Frank or Burgund, the same rights, privileges but in the same time some obligations. The woman's status is well established by marriage and children. The woman can own a land if she is carefully supervised by her husband and she can inherit her family..
The New Economic Mechanism in Hungary Reflected in the Romanian Quotidian Crişana (1968–1969)
Authors: Ungur-Brehoi Carmen
Published: August 2022

A major economic reform that took place in the People's Republic of Hungary started during the end of the 1960s. It was called The New Economic Mechanism or the NEM. The initiator of it was the Hungarian communist leader János Kádár.

The government introduced economic regulators, i.e. indirect financial, fiscal, and price instruments used to influence enterprise activity. It also introduced a profit tax and allowed enterprises to make their own decisions concerning output, marketing, and sales.

In a period of control and censorship, much information regarding the Hungarian NEM could get to the reading public of Oradea. The articles contanting all the concerning data presented in the newspaper Crisana, between 1968–1969, are analysed in the following study.
Monahismul ortodox, ȋntre ideologie, societate şi individ. Ctitoria religioasă ȋn societatea românească premodernă / Orthodox Monasticism between Ideology, Society and the Individual. The Religious Foundation in Pre-Modern Romanian Society
Authors: Alexandrache Carmen
Published: August 2022

Our approach shows the phenomenon of religious founder, from the perspective of the importance for the person. Starting from 17th situation in Moldova and Wallachia, we found that raising and endowment monasteries were forms of representation of individuality, for keeping on its image in the collective memory.

These findings may become research directions of the development of society as a stage crossing to modernity.
Brăila, „port – oraş” (1829 – 1840) / Braila, “Port – Town” (1829 – 1840)
Authors: Constantin Cristian
Published: August 2022

This study presents the Braila after 1829. Article 5 of the Pace treaty of Adrianople stated that the Romanian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia will enjoy free foreign trade, and special additional act added that the two principalities will be no longer submitted to Ottoman requisitions. The sums necessary for modernizations were obtained from economic activities, more numerous and important, and the agricultural exports played the primary role. Lots of people were attracted in the prosperous town, from businessmen to simple sailors in the port, Romanians and foreigners. The status of franc port that Braila had for half a century contributes to the demographic evolutions. Out of the big cities of Romania, Braila had the highest proportions regarding the people rise.
Sureśvara's View on Knowledge (jñāna)
Authors: Pereverzev Alexander
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the soteriologic function of knowledge (jñāna), according to the non-dualist school of Vedānta (with a special reference to its classic author, Suresvara) and with its phenomenological and semiotic aspects, in the view of the same school of thought. In its first part, it stresses on the role of knowledge in liberation, both in the system of Advaita Vedānta and in comparison with other schools of Indian philosophy. The second part deals with the great formulations of the salvific knowledge and with the attempts to analyze their meaning. Hence, the study also approaches the semiotics and the epistemology of Advaita Vedānta.
Vajrasūcika-Upaniṣad. Denial of the Natural and the „Verticalization” of Religious Experience
Authors: Nedu Ovidiu Cristian
Published: August 2022

Vajrasūcika-Upaniṣad is a more recent text, belonging to the line of the Sāma-Veda.

The text demolishes all the religious claims of any phenomenal condition, arguing that spiritual pre-eminence is reached only through the direct realization of the ultimate reality (Brahman) as own-identity (ātman). The last paragraph of the text offers a presentation of this ultimate reality and of the condition reached by the one who gets dissolved into it.
The Dacian Society – Fierce Warriors and their Women: Sources and Representations
Authors: Pogăciaş Andrei
Published: August 2022

There is not much information about the Dacian society and especially the role of women within it. There are few ancient sources who deal more with the Thracians and a few about the Getae and Dacians, but the majority speak about the men and their wars. It is not very difficult, however, to understand the role of women in a warrior society, although parallels must be drawn to other ancient civilizations in the area. From what we know from sources, representations on Trajan's Column and archaeology, Dacian common women were in charge with the most domestic activities, while the noble women wore gold and jewels. However, it is possible that, in the final days of the independent Dacian Kingdom, they all fought for their lives and children, while many of their husbands had already been killed.
Living Water(Abur) – A Possible Lexical Connection between Romanian, Albanian and Basque
Authors: Drugaş Şerban George Paul
Published: August 2022

I will analyze in this paper the possibility for a common origin of a word that appears in Romanian as abur “vapor, steam”, in Albanian as avull (id.), and in Basque with two forms, as ibar “valley, watered meadow” and ibai “river”. Romanian abur and Albanian avull are words of the substratum vocabulary of these languages, with a common origin, the Romanian form being more primitive. If a connection between the Basque ibar / ibai and the PIE root of the previous Albanian and Romanian words could be established, then the three words would have had a common origin.
Aspects of Romanian Consular Diplomacy in Two Scandinavian Countries in the First Decades of the Communist Rule
Authors: Rusu Claudia Mănguță
Published: August 2022

This article aims to analyse the activity of Romanian Consulates in two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Norway, with particular focus on the first decades of the postwar period. Thus, the objective of this paper is to identify the main problems encountered by Romanian Consulates in Copenhagen and Oslo, as well as the solutions found to overcome them. The article is based on the analysis of the work plans and the annual reports preserved in The Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Romania on the activity of the consular offices, both during the rule of Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej, as well as at the beginning of Ceausescu's rule. The openness of the Romanian authorities after 1965 towards the West offers new perspectives for the analysis of the Romanian consular services in the two Scandinavian countries, which can anticipate the evolution of the Romanian consular diplomacy, its difficulties as well as its achievements.
Confronting Recent History: Media in Serbia During Aleksandar Vučić's Ministry of Information in the Milošević Era (1998–1999)
Authors: Jovanović Srđan Mladenov
Published: August 2022

Since the end of the Yugoslav wars of the nineties, Serbia seems to have fallen out of the spotlight in scholarly research. Attempting to counter this, in this article, we tackle the media suppression by the 1998-99 Ministry of Information led by Aleksandar Vučić, nowadays serving as Serbia's President. Repositioning the spotlight from Slobodan Milošević to Aleksandar Vučić, we confront the numerous attempts of media suppression and censorship in the late nineties.
Rudolf Gutowski’s Gift to the Jagiellonian Library: Medieval Cyrillic Manuscripts from the Macedonian Treskavec Monastery
Authors: Okhrimenko Oleksandr , Voloshchenko Stanislav
Published: August 2022

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Rudolf Gutovski, a native of P oland and military doctor in the Ottoman Cossack army, gave the Jagiellonian Library six manuscripts in a patriotically motivated gift. In his imagination, the old Cyrillic artifacts were links between joint Slavic heritage and intended to enrich the collection in Krakow as a personal perpetuation. The collection of items from the Treskavets has a tradition involving scientists and church hierarchs from the Russian Empire. The manuscripts from the region, which are now kept in Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Poland, and Ukraine, demonstrate how the interests of different empires crossed in the Balkans region at the time. The manuscripts—Triodion of the Lent and Pentecostarion, a fragment of Four Gospels, three Liturgical Menaia, and Octoechos—were studied in the nineteenth century by F. Matejko, E. Kałużniacki, W. Wisłocki, J. Perwolf, and P. Syrku, but the articles with watermark studies propose more precise dating and full new descriptions for modern use.
Hauben, Waistcoats, and Gowns: The Invention of Moravian Identity through Dress in Salem, North Carolina, 1780–1830
Authors: Wooten Allyson Atwood
Published: August 2022

The study of changes in fashion adds an important dimension to the study of history as dress is one of the major forms of social communication. This is especially true of the eighteenth-century Moravian Church in which women (and to a lesser degree, men) adopted a distinctive style of dress in the 1730s that clearly identified them as members of the religious community. The original Moravian costume was adapted from the clothing of laborers and artisans in Central Europe. Especially important was the Haube or cap worn by Moravian women, which was tied with a colored ribbon indicating her choir. By the time Salem in North Carolina was established, Moravian costuming was a clear marker of Moravian identity. After the American Revolution, Moravians in Salem increasingly moved away from this distinctive dress in favor of more fashionable and expensive clothing. This trend toward dressing like Americans was consistent with the secularization of Salem in the first half of the nineteenth century. Moravians adapted the prevailing fashions of the early Republic to their unique religious/community lifestyle.
Rezension von: Eggel, Franz Carl, De Historia Patriae Praecipue Franconico-Hohenlohica
Authors: Bauer Hermann , Eggel Franz Carl
Published: August 2022

Franz Carl Eggel: De Historia Patriae Praecipue Franconico-Hohenlohica. Prolusio Scholastica, Qua Orationem Inauguralem Ad D. Novembris MDCCLXXVII. In Acroaterio Publico Habendam Indicit, Oehringen Messer, [1777]. 15 S.; 4°.
Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli és a Felvidék bányái
Authors: Tóth Anna Judit
Published: August 2022

Tanulmányom témája Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli hatkötetes Danubius Pannonico-mysicusának harmadik kötete, amelynek témája a Magyar Királyság ásványkincsei és bányái. Bemutatom a kötet szerkezetét, vizsgálom keletkezésének körülményeit, különös tekintettel Marsigli és az angol Royal Society tudományos együttműködésére. Edward Browne angol orvos hasonló kooperációja a Társasággal és a magyarországi bányavidékeken néhány évtizeddel korábban tett hasonló körútja jelzi, hogy milyen tudományos érdeklődés irányult e témára. Vizsgálom Marsiglinek az anyag rendezésében alkalmazott módszertanát, célkitűzéseit. A kutatás során kettős célt követett: be akarta mutatni az egyes ásványokat, illetve topográfiai leírást akart adni a Magyar Királyság bányáiról, s mindezt a gyűjtött anyagot fel kívánta használni saját, a fémek keletkezésére vonatkozó hipotéziseinek bizonyítására. Mivel tisztában volt vele, hogy utóbbival kapcsolatban nem fog konkluzív eredményekre jutni, ezért a kötet elsődleges célja az, hogy más kutatók számára strukturált adatbázist hozzon létre. E cél érdekében törekedett a korszak gyakorlatát meghaladó mértékben vizuális anyagközlésre (képek, táblázatok, tematikus térképek használata), e módszerek némelyikét úttörő módon alkalmazva.
Nemzeti és/vagy aulikus? Kérdésfelvetések Pray György Historiájáról I. Ferdinánd és Szapolyai János küzdelmének tükrében
Authors: Tóth Sándor Máté
Published: August 2022

Pray György (1723–1801) jezsuita történetíró a rend általános feloszlatása után királyi történetíróként működött, e minőségében kapott megbízást egy magyar alkotmánytörténet (historia statistica) megírására. Az eredmény azonban egy az annalista történetírás hagyományát követő háromkötetes munka lett, amely 1799 és 1801 között jelent meg. Pray e kései munkájának keletkezési körülményei, illetve a szerző viszonya a nemzeti érdekekhez, valamint az udvarhoz a mai napig számos kérdést vetnek fel. Tanulmányunkban a Historia regum Hungariae stirpis Austriacae című harmadik kötetét a középpontba helyezve, illetve ebből néhány, I. Ferdinánd és Szapolyai János küzdelmét bemutató részletet kiemelve szeretnénk néhány felvetést megválaszolni, illetve továbbgondolásra javasolni.
A csallóközcsütörtöki számadáskönyv krónikarészlete
Authors: Darvas Mátyás
Published: August 2022

A Magyar Királyság e régiójában ritkaságnak számító, teljes épségben fentmaradt plébániai számadáskönyv forrásközlése nyomán az abban fellelhető, 1677 és 1777 között keletkezett, igen vegyes, de a kornak és a műfajnak általában megfelelő feljegyzések közül két krónikási igénnyel megszövegezett rész kerül bemutatásra. Ezt megelőzi a számadáskönyv műfaji jellegzetességeinek ismertetése, majd a fő ismerévek (kivitelezés minősége, külalak, pontosság, tételek száma, mérlegek gyakorisága és módja) alapján a csallóközcsütörtöki Szent Jakab-plébánia könyve is elhelyezésre kerül a kor egyéb számadáskönyvei között. A két vizsgált rész (Cronica és Consuetudines) vázlatos tartalmi ismertetését a helytörténetírói intenció és pretenció jegyeinek számba vétele követi; végül a cikk a karakteres szándék mellett a kivitelezés konkrét módjának (kéziratos primer forrás helyenként utólagos, többnyire ironikus bejegyzésekkel) mikrotörténeti értékét tekinti át.
Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli az abiogenezisről a Danubius Pannonicomysicusban és a kortárs magyar természettudomány – különös tekintettel Szentiványi Márton nézeteire
Authors: Hursán Szabolcs
Published: August 2022

Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli a Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus hatodik kötetében, a rovarok szaporodása kapcsán tér ki az abiogenezis cáfolatára. Marsigli soraiból kiindulva sajátos megállapításokat tehetünk Marsigli tudományos felfogásáról, annak eredetéről és helyéről a XVIII. század fordulójának tudományos horizontján. Marsigli a téma kapcsán egyetlen személyt említ név szerint, a kérdésben úttörő jelentőséggel bíró Francesco Redit. A korabeli, rendkívül csekély számú magyar természettudományos jellegű irodalomból Szentiványi Márton munkássága emelkedik ki a kérdésben. A téma kapcsán megfogalmazott, a szakirodalom által eddig nem értékelt soraiban Szentiványinál sajátos, újszerű, de a tudományos fejlődés vonalába illeszkedő, a kor tudományos élvonalát követő gondolatokra lehetünk figyelmesek. A téma részletesebb tárgyalása arra is alkalmat nyújt, hogy az abiogenezis tudománytörténeti jelenségének egészéről átfogóbb és pontosabb képet alkothassunk.
Cui prodest? Gondolatok az új gazdasági mechanizmus bukásáról
Authors: Borvendég Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2022

Az „új gazdasági mechanizmus” megbuktatását az ortodox kommunista szárny megerősödésével magyarázták eddig és a szakma nem figyelt fel arra, hogy létezett egy másik érdekcsoport is, akik szintén ellenségesen szemlélték azt a mérsékelt liberalizációt, amelyet az új gazdasági mechanizmus meg kívánt valósítani. Az iparvállalatok piacorientáltságának fejlesztéséhez elengedhetetlen lett volna a termelő kapacitások piacra jutásának biztosítása, s ez jelentősen csökkentette volna a külkereskedelmi vállalatok monopóliumát. A sajátos külkereskedelmi ügyletek felfuttatásával kiépített korrupciós hálózat lehetőségeit nyirbálta volna meg az iparvállalatokat érintő liberalizáció. A hatvanas évek folyamán egyre erősödő külkereskedelmi lobbi 1972-ben érte el legnagyobb politikai sikerét: rendelet engedélyezte, hogy a külkereskedelmi vállalatok cégeket alapíthattak a kapitalista Nyugaton. Ez az időpont éppen egybeesett az „új gazdasági mechanizmus” kifulladásával. A tanulmány felhívja a figyelmet egy lobbiharcra, amely a formálódó külkereskedelmi érdekcsoport és a többi gazdasági szereplő között bontakozott ki, és amely hozzájárult a mérsékelt liberalizációs lépések megakadályozásához.
Aki nincs ellenünk az velünk van? A kádári diktatúra értelmiségpolitikája
Authors: Szekér Nóra
Published: August 2022

A tanulmány érzékeltetni kívánja, hogy a Kádár-rendszer milyen mértékben működött a diktatúra mechanizmusai szerint, még ha a nyílt megfélemlítés korszaka után a hatalomgyakorlás konszolidációra épülő módozata a társadalom számára megkönnyebbülést és élhetőbb életet jelentett is. Továbbra is a szovjet megszállás ténye, az állampárt korlátlan hatalma, az állambiztonság jelenléte biztosította a rendszer alapjait és a hatalom által meghirdetett „szövetségi politika” a társadalom kiszolgáltatottságára épült. A rendszer a konszolidációját nagy részben az értelmiségi politikájára építette, amelynek fő teoretikusa Aczél György volt. Ő elsősorban nem meggyőződéses híveket kívánt toborozni, hanem a rendszerrel szemben álló értelmiségieket így vagy úgy a befolyási körébe vonni: „szövetségbe csalni” a „másként gondolkodókat”. Aczél a magánéletig hatoló, szívességeket kialakítani igyekvő viszonyrendszert alakított ki a hatalom és az értelmiség között a „partneri” kapcsolat illúzióját keltve, de a valódi döntéshelyzet, a politikai életbe való beleszólás lehetősége, a fontos társadalmi és nemzeti sorskérdések napirenden tartása nem volt adott a kommunista ideológiát el nem fogadók táborának. Ahogy azt Aczél György megfogalmazta, a politizálás szabadságát ugyan nem biztosították, de megadták a nem politizálás szabadságát. Vagyis a rendszer az ellenzékével nem konfrontálódásra törekedett, hanem arra, hogy semlegesítse és így kirekessze őket a valódi közéleti-politikai szerepvállalásból.
Útfüggőség és szerkezetváltás. Magyarország és a Közös Piac vitái más megvilágításban, 1968–1988
Authors: Germuska Pál
Published: August 2022

Magyarország és az Európai (Gazdasági) Közösség vitáit tekinti át a tanulmány 1968 és 1988 között. Az E(G)K durva protekcionizmusa leginkább az agrárexportot sújtotta, de más szektorok számára is komoly akadályokat állított. A magyar gazdaságpolitika nem vonta le a megfelelő tanulságokat: lehet és szükséges ugyan a diszkriminációk felszámolása érdekében minden lehetséges fórumon „harcolni”, de emellett elengedhetetlen az ipar és a gazdaság egészének modernizálása, adaptálása az új körülményekhez. A kommunista gazdaságpolitikusok és diplomaták érvelése a történelmi (út)függőségről azért is hamis, mert amikor a magyar hagyományoktól tökéletesen idegen szovjet parancsgazdaságot kellett meghonosítaniuk, akkor a hazai gazdasági adottságokra a múlt eltakarítandó maradványaként tekintettek. A globalizáció kiteljesedése az 1973-as olajválságot követően mindenhol kikényszerítette a fájdalmas világgazdasági adaptációt, amely országok tucatjait mozdította ki hagyományos szerepköréből, gazdasági komfortzónájából. Magyarországon sokat beszéltek ugyan a szerkezetváltás szükségességéről, de a beruházási és a költségvetési politika valójában igen keveset tett ennek érdekében. Így nem csoda, hogy az avítt gazdasági struktúra csontosodott meg, a (világ)piaci adaptáció sikertelen maradt, és kiteljesedett az intézményi-strukturális szklerózis.
Költségvetési hiány – magyar fogolyszindróma 1990 előtt
Authors: Giday András
Published: August 2022

Kádár a szocializmus alapjainak lerakásához nyugati hitelből vett építőköveket. A kollektivizálással életre hívott nagyüzemek támogatásra szorultak és a honvédelmi kiadások magas szinten voltak. A vállalatok az 50-es évekbeli kötöttségekkel szemben 1968-tól önállóan gazdálkodhattak. A 60-as években megnövekedett az ipari termelés konvertibilis importigényessége, részben a szabad importlehetőség miatt. Ez kényszerhelyzetet jelentett a cserearányok romlásakor a 70-es évek közepén. Az alapvető élelmiszerek és szolgáltatások árai irreálisan alacsonyan voltak, azaz a lakosság fogyasztását részben a költségvetés finanszírozta támogatásokkal. Az államosított lakások fenntartása támogatást igényelt az alacsony lakbérek miatt. 1982-ig az állami lakások építése jelentős kiadást okozott, ezt követően a magántulajdonú lakásépítést szorgalmazták, ehhez olcsó hitelt biztosítva. Az első eladósodási szakaszban (1974–78) a külkereskedelem és a költségvetés hiánya megugrott. A cél ezzel az volt, hogy az ország ne csak a keleti relációtól függjön. Az ezt követő egyensúlyjavítás után egy újabb eladósodási szakasz (1985–87) következett, a gazdaság élénkítése miatt.
Sistem Peringatan Dan Penanganan Dini Kebakaran Berbasis Internet Of Things(IoT)
Authors: Napu Aldo , Kembuan Olivia , Santa Kristofel
Published: August 2022

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Khususnya didaerah padat penduduk yang berpotensi menimbulkan masalah jika terjadi kebakaran. Kendala yang terjadi adalah petugas pemadam kebakaran sering terlambat menangani karena berbagai faktor, sehingga kerusakan dan kerugian akibat kebakaran lebih besar. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem pendeteksi tanda-tanda kebakaran berbasis internet of things (iot). Sistem menggunakan 3 sensor yaitu sensor api Irflame, Sensor gas Mq-2 dan sensor suhu Dht11 dan dirangkai pada mikrokontroler Nodemcu ESP8266. Pada percobaan yang telah dilakukan pada ruangan 3.5 m x 3.5 m, sensor api dapat mendeteksi api kecil sampai jarak 30 cm dan api besar 230 cm, kemudian akan menghidupkan pompa air ketika api terdeteksi. Ketika sensor Mq-2 mendeteksi kebocoran gas diatas 300 PPM, maka akan menghidupkan kipas untuk mengurai gas. Sensor Dht11 membaca nilai suhu ruangan secara terus-menerus dan diatur minimal suhu 32˚C sistem akan memberikan peringatan dari buzzer. Hasil dari perancangan alat ini sistem dapat mengirim informasi melalui aplikasi blynk pada smartphone pengguna dan dapat menangani tanda-tanda kebakaran berdasarkan output yang dirancang.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dengan Dukungan Keluarga sebagai Pengawas Kepatuhan Minum Obat Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Sriyanah Nour , Efendi Suradi , Ilyas Halmina , Nadira Nadira
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis that attacks various organs, especially the lungs. Family support greatly supports the successful treatment of Pulmonary TB patients by reminding patients to take medication. Meanwhile, the family support provided is closely related to the knowledge and attitudes possessed. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with family support as supervisors of taking drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Bontoa Health Center Working Area, Maros Regency. This type of research is analytical research with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study was the families of patients as supervisors of taking drugs as many as 44 people and the sample who became drug supervisors (PMO) amounted to 35 people using accidental sampling techniques with questionnaire sheet instruments to take respondent data. The results showed that 20 respondents (57.1%) had knowledge in the good category and 19 respondents (54.3%) had a positive attitude, and there was a relationship between knowledge (p = 0.021) and attitude (p = 0.009) with the support of families as supervisors of taking drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Bontoa Health Center Work Area, Maros Regency. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with family support as supervisors of taking drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers in the work area of the bontoa health center in Maros district, and advice to the government through relevant health officials to improve the knowledge and attitudes of drug-taking supervisors (PMO) in their area in order to increase support for family members suffering from pulmonary TB, so that it can increase the cure rate of sufferers. 

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Multi action recognition using machine learning
Authors: Deepshikha K M , Verma Shiv Kumar , Chabaque Aakash
Published: August 2022

One of the most exciting and useful computer vision research topics is automated human activity identification. The majority of existing research, as well as most traditional approaches and classic neural networks, disregard the In video sequences, the appearance and patterns of motion are important. Individuals are unableIn video sequences, the appearance and patterns of motion are important.. This paper outlines a system for detecting, recognising, and summarising diverse human actions.The multiple action detection method takes the silhouettes of human bodies and then uses motion detection and tracking to create a unique sequence for each one.Based on the Each of the recovered sequences is then separated into shots based on the similarity between each pair of frames.show the sequence's homogenous activity. The activity is identified by looking at thedata oriented gradient (HOG) histogram of the frames in each shot's Temporal Difference Map (TDMap). comparing generated HOG to previous HOGs in the early stages of training. Making use of the TDMap image and a proposed CNN model, we can additionally recognise the action. Action summarising is carried out for each person found.