bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving symmetry tuning with I-raum in indirect-driven implosions
Authors: Huang Tian-Xuan , Wu Chang-Shu , Chen Zhong-Jing , Yan Ji , Li Xin , Ge Feng-Jun , Zhang Xing , Jiang Wei , Deng Bo , Hou Li-Fei , Pu Yu-Dong , Dong Yun-Song , Wang Li-Feng ,   Research Center of Laser Fusion, Mianyang 621900, China,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: November 2022

Indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion implosions using a three-step-shaped pulse are performed at a 100 kJ laser facility. At late time of the pulse, deposition of laser energy and distribution of X-ray radiation are significantly disturbed by motion of gold plasma in the original gas-filled cylindrical hohlraum with gold wall. As a result, owing to the lack of X-ray drive at the equator of the capsule, an unacceptable oblate implosion is produced. In the I-raum modified from the above cylindrical hohlraum, the initial positions of outer laser spots and gold bubbles are appropriately shifted to modify the disturbed radiation distribution due to plasma evolution, resulting in a spherically symmetric drive on the capsule. In the implosion shots with almost the same drive pulse, owing to improved symmetry, an spherical hotspot is observed in the new I-raum, and YOS (the ratio of measured neutron yield over simulated one) is up to 30%, while an oblate hotspot is observed in the cylinder, and YOS is only 13%. The simulation calculations and experimental measurements show that the I-raum can be used to significantly reduce the impact of gold bubble expansion in the three-step-shaped pulse driven implosion, which helps to tune the drive and implosion symmetry, and to improve its over-all performance.
An automated feeding system for the African killifish reveals the impact of diet on lifespan and allows scalable assessment of associative learning
Authors: McKay Andrew , Costa Emma K , Chen Jingxun , Hu Chi-Kuo , Chen Xiaoshan , Bedbrook Claire N , Khondker Rishad C , Thielvoldt Mike , Priya Singh Param , Wyss-Coray Tony , Brunet Anne
Published: November 2022

The African turquoise killifish is an exciting new vertebrate model for aging studies. A significant challenge for any model organism is the control over its diet in space and time. To address this challenge, we created an automated and networked fish feeding system. Our automated feeder is designed to be open-source, easily transferable, and built from widely available components. Compared to manual feeding, our automated system is highly precise and flexible. As a proof of concept for the feeding flexibility of these automated feeders, we define a favorable regimen for growth and fertility for the African killifish and a dietary restriction regimen where both feeding time and quantity are reduced. We show that this dietary restriction regimen extends lifespan in males (but not in females) and impacts the transcriptomes of killifish livers in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, combining our automated feeding system with a video camera, we establish a quantitative associative learning assay to provide an integrative measure of cognitive performance for the killifish. The ability to precisely control food delivery in the killifish opens new areas to assess lifespan and cognitive behavior dynamics and to screen for dietary interventions and drugs in a scalable manner previously impossible with traditional vertebrate model organisms.
SRSF10 is essential for progenitor spermatogonia expansion by regulating alternative splicing
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Lu Xukun , Zhao Zheng-Hui , SU Ruibao , Li Qian-Nan Li , Xue Yue , Gao Zheng , Sun Si-Min Sun , Lei Wen-Long , Li Lei , An Geng , Liu Hanyan , Han Zhiming , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Hou Yi , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sun Qing-Yuan , Liu Jianqiao
Published: November 2022

Alternative splicing expands the transcriptome and proteome complexity and plays essential roles in tissue development and human diseases. However, how alternative splicing regulates spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, using a germ cell-specific knockout mouse model, we demonstrated that the splicing factorSrsf10is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. In the absence of SRSF10, spermatogonial stem cells can be formed, but the expansion of Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF)-positive undifferentiated progenitors was impaired, followed by the failure of spermatogonia differentiation (marked by KIT expression) and meiosis initiation. This was further evidenced by the decreased expression of progenitor cell markers in bulk RNA-seq, and much less progenitor and differentiating spermatogonia in single-cell RNA-seq data. Notably, SRSF10 directly binds thousands of genes in isolated THY+spermatogonia, andSrsf10depletion disturbed the alternative splicing of genes that are preferentially associated with germ cell development, cell cycle, and chromosome segregation, includingNasp,Bclaf1,Rif1,Dazl,Kit,Ret,andSycp1. These data suggest that SRSF10 is critical for the expansion of undifferentiated progenitors by regulating alternative splicing, expanding our understanding of the mechanism underlying spermatogenesis.
Nucleus accumbens dopamine tracks aversive stimulus duration and prediction but not value or prediction error
Authors: Goedhoop Jessica N , van den Boom Bastijn JG , Robke Rhiannon , Veen Felice , Fellinger Lizz , van Elzelingen Wouter , Arbab Tara , Willuhn Ingo
Published: November 2022

There is active debate on the role of dopamine in processing aversive stimuli, where inferred roles range from no involvement at all, to signaling an aversive prediction error (APE). Here, we systematically investigate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAC), which is closely linked to reward prediction errors, in rats exposed to white noise (WN, a versatile, underutilized, aversive stimulus) and its predictive cues. Both induced a negative dopamine ramp, followed by slow signal recovery upon stimulus cessation. In contrast to reward conditioning, this dopamine signal was unaffected by WN value, context valence, or probabilistic contingencies, and the WN dopamine response shifted only partially toward its predictive cue. However, unpredicted WN provoked slower post-stimulus signal recovery than predicted WN. Despite differing signal qualities, dopamine responses to simultaneous presentation of rewarding and aversive stimuli were additive. Together, our findings demonstrate that instead of an APE, NAC dopamine primarily tracks prediction and duration of aversive events.
An Experimental Study on Fire Prevention in Buildings Using Emergency Extinguishing Equipment in the Presence of Flying Sparks from Wildfires
Authors: Kwon Jin-Suk , Park Tae-Hwe , Shin Young Min , Lim You Ri , Lee Ji Hyang
Published: November 2022

This study empirically verified the ability of emergency extinguishing equipment installed on the east coast of Gangwon-do to protect private houses and facilities that are adjacent to forest. A simulated wildfire was used to confirm the equipment’s effectiveness by analyzing the ignition of nearby homes and facilities, the spread of flames, and the fire characteristics in the presence of flying sparks. The experiment was repeated a total of four times by applying a preemptive water stream from the emergency extinguishing equipment onto the roof and wall of the facility. The experimental results showed, distinct differences in the ignition time, combustion range, and temperature distribution of the facility depending on whether it was exposed to a preemptive water stream. It was confirmed that the preemptive water stream had a significant effect on preventing the spread of combustion and establishing the initial golden time for the fire.
Delphi Study on the Management System and Occupational Environment Improvement of SCBA and Charging Rooms
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Ham Seunghon
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and suggest priorities for policy implementation to improve the management system and environment of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and charging rooms used by firefighters. The study included 15 experts and three interviews, and two modified Delphi surveys were conducted. Based on the results of previous research and expert interviews, the management system and environmental improvement plan for the SCBA and charging rooms were first derived. The improvement plan was presented in five areas, including resources, the SCBA and charging room management system, SCBA related work, SCBA charging room related work, and laws and regulations. The priority of policy implementation was derived by simultaneously analyzing the importance and practicality of the policy. Consequently, the first priority was to add contents to the manual for measures to prevent unwanted drinking of the Han River water and related symptoms for rescue workers during hardship rescue. The second priority was to specify the duty of decontamination in the disaster scene standard handling procedure and disaster scene return procedure stage. The next step was to investigate by conducting education on the risk of health effects of pollutants at disaster scenes. The results of this study can be utilized in the implementation of mid- to long-term fire policies for the systematic operation and establishment of a systematic management system for firefighters’ personal protective equipment, such as SCBA and charging rooms.
A Study on the Response Characteristics of Smoke Detectors Based on the Smoke Color
Authors: Choi Su-Gil , Choi Yoo-Jeong , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the response characteristics of smoke detectors based on the smoke colors. Experiments on white paper fires similar to the UL 268 real fire garden test, domestic-type approval reference tests, and black polyurethane foam and flammable liquid fire tests that did not undergo domestic-type approval were conducted to examine the response characteristics of smoke detectors according to the smoke color. Consequently, all analog smoke detectors (ASDs) subjected to the paper fire experiments, which generated white smoke, met the UL 268 operating conditions. However, in the flammable liquid and polyurethane foam fire experiments, which generated black smoke, none of the ASDs subjected to the experiment met the UL 268 operating conditions. The total average error for the smoke concentration was measured by the ASDs based on optical concentration ODM, and was found to be -24.54%/m in flammable liquid fires and -81.22% in polyurethane foam.
Verification of the Effectiveness of a Fire Hose Backpack in Areas Fire Trucks have Difficulty Accessing
Authors: Park Jung-seung , Kim Seong-Jun , Chun Kyoung-Ha
Published: November 2022

The research aims to verify the effectiveness of firefighting hose backpacks through a comparative analysis of a firefighting hose backpack and conventional firefighting hose in an area difficult to access with a fire truck. The research, which targets 24 firefighters, was conducted as a random cross experiment. To this end, the firefighters were divided into 2 groups: one group comprised 12 firefighters with firefighting hose backpacks and the other 12 firefighters with conventional firefighting hoses. The purpose was to test the total time required to extinguish a fire and firefighters’ degree of physical tiredness. In the number of steps, the group with firefighting hose backpacks walked 1109.63 steps less than the group with conventional firefighting hoses (p = < .001). Furthermore, in the total time taken to spread out the hoses and extinguish the fire, the group with firefighting hose backpacks performed on average 674.75 s faster than the other group in both tasks, respectively. Regarding heart rates and lactic acid production, the group with firefighting hose backpacks had on average 23 fewer pulses (p = < .002) and produced on average of 3.14 mmol/L less (p = < .049) lactic acid than the other group with conventional firefighting hoses. An additional verification experiment showed that the hose spreading time was shortened by 81% and the speed of discharge doubled. In addition, the operating pressure for an appropriate discharge of water was analyzed to be 0.5 MPa for 100–200 m, 0.8 MPa for 300 m, and 0.95 MPa for 400–600 m. Therefore, firefighting hose backpacks should be encouraged for use in areas difficult to access with a fire truck to rapidly extinguish the fire and reduce the tiredness of firefighters.
Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Standards and Conditions for the Prevention of Fire through Ducts
Authors: Lim You Ri , Shin Young Min , Kim Hwang Jin
Published: November 2022

Ducts penetrating the fire compartment are passageways for spreading the flames and smoke of igniting deposits attached to the inside or fires from outside. Fires through ducts have a fast flame propagation speed and are difficult to extinguish quickly because of the high-temperature heat. Therefore, in this study, to improve the fire risk of ducts, the need for institutional improvement is confirmed by analyzing fire cases, comparing domestic and foreign laws and standards, and analyzing the current situation. As a result, a blind spot is evident in domestic law at the location of the fire damper installation because of the mitigating condition of fire compartments. There is also a gap regarding the need to prepare preventive systems such as maintenance standards inside ducts and installation standards for fire suppression systems in commercial restaurant kitchens.
Quality of Life Before and After Orthodontic Treatment in Adult Patients with Malocclusion: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sathyashree , Shivamurthy Prashantha G , Sagarkar Roshan , Sabrish Sharanya , Bhaduri Nirajita
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment, some common reasons include unesthetic appearance and functional impairment such as difficulty in speaking or breathing. Thus, malocclusion and orthodontic care have become a Quality of Life (QoL) issue. Aim: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life in adults before and after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India over a 2 year period from December 2014 to October 2016. Finally, 34 patients were included in the study. Longitudinal data which included OHRQoL(Oral Health-Related Quality of Life) and study casts for assessing the outcome by the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was collected from two periods: (i) pretreatment data (T1), and (ii) post-treatment data (T2) collected 1 month after fixed orthodontic appliance debonding. Pretreatment and post-treatment Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and PAR scores were compared using Paired t-test. Correlations between occlusal indices (PAR) and OHRQoL (OHIP-14) were determined by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: Total of 42 patients were included in the study, out of which 34 patients responded to the questionnaire in which 11 were males and 23 females in the age range 18-30 years. From pre to postorthodontic treatment mean OHIP-14 summary score had significantly improved (score reduced) from 30.3 to 16.0. Similarly, mean PAR scores had reduced from 17.62 to 3.44. Significant correlation (p-value<0.05) existed between improvement in OHRQoL scores and improvement in occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The present study concluded that there was an improvement in oral health following fixed orthodontic treatments which were associated with changes in OHRQoL, PAR scores and changes in occlusion.
Effect of 30% Grape Seed Extract on the Shearbond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Resin: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Eshwar Arpitha , Jnaneshwar Poornima R , Rajaram Krishnaraj , Kannan Ravi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Grape Seed Extract (GSE) contains Proanthocyanidins (PA) which have been shown to cross-link and strengthen demineralised dentin collagen. There is paucity of research to evaluate if grape seed extract increases the shear bond strength of orthodontic resin when bonding to enamel. Aim: To evaluate the shearbond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores of enamel surface bonded with orthodontic resin after immersing in 30% of grape seed extract and compare the same with that of control group. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 72 extracted teeth samples were divided into two groups. The two groups, each with 36 specimens, included Group I (Control), Group II (Test). Teeth in the test group were soaked in 30% grape seed extract for 10 minutes before bonding and teeth in the control group were bonded directly without soaking in grape seed extract. Shearbond strength were measured using a Universal testing machine. To evaluate the amount of resin left on the enamel surfaces after debonding, ARI scores were used. The samples were subsequently evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the surface characteristics of enamel after immersion in grape seed extract. Student t test was used to assess the difference between two groups in shear bond strength and Chi-square test was used for ARI scores. Results: Total of 72 teeth were analysed, 36 extracted teeth in each group. The mean shearbond strength in Group I was 78.9 Newton (N), 59.03 N in Group II. There was a stastistically significant differences in the mean scores of shearbond strength between the groups (p-value=0.0024). The shearbond strength of control group was significantly higher than the Test group. Significant difference(p-value=0.016) found in ARI scores between the two groups. In SEM analysis after grape seed extract conditioning followed by acid etching, pronounced cobble stone appearance was noticed indicating a type II etching pattern. Conclusion: Adhesive failure occurred at the resin and bracket interface indicating that shear bond strength reduces when teeth were immersed in Grape Seed Extract.
Efficacy of Orange Oil, Lemon Oil and Xylene as Solvents in Removing Gutta Percha from Curved Root Canals: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Kothiwan Prajakta Prashant , Patil Gauri Vilas , Patel Aditya , Paul Priyanka , Reche Amit
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Root Canal Treatment (RCT) is the most common and effective treatment for saving natural tooth. Despite of modern technology and progress in the materials, failures in endodontic treatment still remains. Microbial infection majorly bacteria in the root canal is the prime cause of reinfection in root canal treatment. Endodontic instruments, solvents, lasers are the different techniques that can be used for removing gutta percha from the root canal. Aim: To compare the efficacy of orange oil, lemon oil, and xylene as solvents in removing gutta percha from curved root canals. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 24 freshly extracted teeth which includes incisors, premolars and molars having curved root will be taken. Then RCT would be performed in all the extracted teeth by using cold lateral compression obturation method. Then all teeth would be divided in three groups (n=8). After one month, the Gutta Percha (GP) would removed by ProTaper Universal system. First group will use orange oil as solvent, second group will use lemon oil as solvent and the third group will use xylene as a solvent. The micro-Computed Tomography (CT) images prior to the application of solvent and after application of solvent will be taken and would be evaluated to check the percentage of filling material remaining. Results: The expected outcome is orange oil and lemon oil to act as a better root canal solvent as compared to xylene. Conclusion: The determination and comparison of the efficacy of orange oil, lemon oil and xylene as GP solvents from this planned study will help the clinicians during re-RCT treatment.
Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in Vocal Cord Palsies
Authors: Santha Neeta , Dmello Diksha , Sharma Pakhi
Published: November 2022

Respiratory distress associated with vocal cord palsy can be attributed to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Bilateral vocal cord palsy can cause adduction of cords and respiratory distress. Airway, in these patients, can be compromised and result in unanticipated difficult intubation. The time frame to pass tube in such situations are less. This is a case series on successful airway management of three patients who presented with recurrent nerve palsy and airway obstruction. Thus the “cannot intubate-cannot oxygenate” situation was avoided in all the patients.
Perception of Tribals on Role of Institutions in Collection and Marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)
Authors: Vijaykumar N. , Ushadevi K. N. , Arularasan G. S.
Published: November 2022

Aims: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) form a significant source of livelihood for tribal communities living in the forest area. Various institutions have been established to help the forest-dependent communities (tribals) for collection and effective marketing of NTFPs collected by them. Study aimed to analyse the perception of tribals with respect to the role of various institutions in collection and marketing of NTFPs.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Thrissur district of Kerala State. A sample of 50 tribals from Kadar tribe involved in NTFPs collection were selected randomly. The primary survey was conducted by administrating a semi- structured interview schedule during the month of February 2022.

Methodology: Participatory technique was adopted in elucidcating the information from tribals. Venn diagrams was used to determine the role of institutions supporting NTFPs collectors at Vellikulangara, Thrissur district. Venn diagram provide a clear picture of number of institutions, their importance, and the effectiveness of rendering services to them. Seasonal calendar used for exhibiting the monthly collection details of NTFPs collected by Kadar tribe.

Results: The study highlighted that the Kadar tribes considered Kerala Forest and Wild Life Department as most important institution. They play predominant role to improve in the livelihood of the Kadar tribe by procuring the NTFPs. They maintain good relationship with this department as they feel that service rendered by them is useful. The role of College of Forestry and Scheduled Tribes Development Department are limited to providing training and implementing various schemes of the government respectively.

Conclusion: Kerala Forest and Wild Life Department, College of Forestry, Scheduled Tribes Development Department and Kerala State Development Corporation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes play various roles in collecting and marketing of NTFPs. However, timely and effective services of the institutions and effective implementation of the schemes will surely help to improve the livelihood of tribal communities.
Efficacy of Biopesticide Formula Containing Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. against Southern Green Stink Bug (Nezara viridula) on Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Agadhia R. Laksamana , Suryaminarsih Penta , Ramadhini Noni , Mahendra Ramadhani , Mujoko Tri
Published: November 2022

Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. are soil microorganisms isolated from shallot fields that can act as biological agents and increase crop production. Nezara viridula, the southern green stink bug, is the leading pest of soybean during the generative period, which can cause damage up to 80%. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a liquid biopesticide formula using a mixture of coconut water and potato extract containing Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. This study used a randomized block design. The first factor was the time of application and the second factor was the concentration level. There were 8 treatment combinations and 2 controls. Each treatment combination was repeated three times. Probit LC50 and LT50 were performed to determine the effectiveness of biopesticides. The calculation of probit analysis obtained results of 84,443 ppm or about 84% for LC50, while the LT50 analysis obtained results of 4.7 days.
Valorization of Pineapple Post-Harvest Residues and Sawdust Waste into Fuel Briquettes
Authors: Elfrida Guedenon Joceline , Justine Deguenon Hôntonhô Espérance , Akowanou Akuemaho Virgile Onésime , Aina Martin Pépin
Published: November 2022

Faced with the problem of climate change, which is reflected in deforestation, desertification, greenhouse gas emissions and the poor management of agricultural waste, this study was part of a process to convert agricultural waste into a high value-added product. We therefore produced fuel briquettes from pineapple post-harvest residues and sawdust waste in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the forests and to find another use for this poorly managed waste. The methodology we adopted was to determine the lignocellulosic components of pineapple leaves and sawdust waste. The results of this characterisation allow us to affirm that these two biomasses contain enough lignin (about 30%) and consequently, their association can give combustible briquettes with a good calorific value. In order to optimise production, a mixing plan was adopted to generate the composition of the different fuel briquette trials. They are made of pineapple leaves, sawdust waste and clay as binding agent. In this study, the waste was carbonised in a carboniser designed for this purpose. After the production of the briquettes, physical parameters and energy performance tests were carried out to determine the best quality briquettes. After these tests, the fuel briquettes have more acceptable characteristics compared to other fuel briquettes obtained in the literature. Only briquette B4 meets all the measured parameters perfectly and is therefore considered the best with a calorific value of 21.38 MJ/kg ; a value very close to that of charcoal. The second order polynomial model with minitab is explicit as the theoretical and measured values are not far from each other.
Methanol Extract of Dryopteris dilatata Alleviates streptozotocin-induced Hyperglycaemia and Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akpotu Ajirioghene E. , Nwikue Gospel , Bassey A. I. L. , Isosiya Silver D. , Doris Ajibo , Anusiem Ckikere A.
Published: November 2022

Dysfunctional pancreatic beta cell and impaired glucose metabolism in the liver has been implicated in streptozotocin (STZ)-type 2 diabetes mellitus and this has been linked with increased oxidative stress. Whether methanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata (MEDd), a flavonoid-rich plant can ameliorate STZ- type 2 diabetes liver damage remains an issue. Hence, this study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata on STZ- type 2 diabetes mellitus in male Wistar rat. Animals were randomly selected into five groups (n=5) and were treated as follows; group 1 received distilled water (10ml/kg), Group 2 received only STZ (60mg/kg), Group 3 and 4 received STZ then 400 and 800mg/kg of MEDd respectively while Group 5 received STZ then pioglitazone (10mg/kg). Following 14 days of treatment, animals were euthanized and blood as well as spleen, liver, pancreas and kidney tissues were collected for further studies. Our results revealed that MEDd significantly reduced STZ-induced hyperglycaemia in Diabetic rats. Markers of oxidative injury (MDA, NO and GSH) were also significantly ameliorated in the pancreas and liver of the diabetic rats following treatment with MEDd. However, liver injury markers (ALT, AST and ALP) were significantly attenuated with marked decreased in organ weight in the diabetic rats after treatment with MEDd. We found that methanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata demonstrated anti-diabetogenic and hepato-protective potential by enhancing in vivo hepato-pancreatic antioxidant defence system.
Perception of puerperal women in a maternal and children’s hospital about obstetric violence in the State of Roraima / Percepção das puérperas de um Hospital Materno Infantil sobre a violência obstétrica no estado de Roraima
Authors: Viana de Almeida Joseneide , De Oliveira Eliene Mendes , Da Silva Medeiros Andréa , Carvalho Marúzia Savanna Machado Lima
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: analisar a percepção das puérperas sobre condutas que soam como agressão durante o trabalho de parto, na visão das puérperas, em Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima. Métodos: pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória. A pesquisa foi realizada no Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth. A amostra foi de 50 participantes puérperas internadas no período da coleta de dados. Resultados: os resultados apontaram que 72% das mulheres não possuem conhecimento do que é violência obstétrica, 90% relataram que durante o pré-natal não foram informadas sobre violência obstétrica. 38% das mulheres responderam já ter sofrido violência obstétrica. 34% não tiveram direito ao acompanhante durante seu trabalho de parto e 20% responderam que durante seu trabalho de parto, alguém apertou/subiu na sua barriga para ajudar a saída do bebê. Conclusão: muitas dessas ações não são compreendidas por essas mulheres como violência obstétrica, ajudando a manter esses tipos posturas.
Self-reported Use of Prescribed Buprenorphine Among US Adults With Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Motivated by Pain
Authors: Buonora Michele J. , Sung Minhee L. , Falker Caroline G. , Black Anne C. , Becker William C.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study of US adults examines the prevalence of and characteristics associated with prescribed buprenorphine use among US adults with pain-motivated nonmedical use of prescription opioids.
Pulmonary toxicity of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in an inhalation study and an intratracheal instillation study
Authors: Marui Takashi , Tomonaga Taisuke , Izumi Hiroto , Yoshiura Yukiko , Nishida Chinatsu , Higashi Hidenori , Wang Ke-Yong , Shijo Miyako , Kubo Masaru , Shimada Manabu , Morimoto Yasuo
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We conducted inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies in order to examine the effects of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles on the lung, and evaluated whether or not the nanoparticles would cause persistent lung inflammation.

Methods

In the inhalation study, male 10-week-old Fischer 334 rats were classified into 3 groups. The control, low-dose, and high-dose groups inhaled clean air, 2, and 10 mg/m3 WO3 nanoparticles, respectively, for 6 h each day for 4 weeks. The rats were dissected at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the inhalation, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were examined. In the intratracheal instillation study, male 12-week-old Fischer 334 rats were divided into 3 subgroups. The control, low-dose, and high-dose groups were intratracheally instilled 0.4 ml distilled water, 0.2, and 1.0 mg WO3 nanoparticles, respectively, dissolved in 0.4 ml distilled water. The rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after the intratracheal instillation, and the BALF and lung tissue were analyzed as in the inhalation study.

Results

The inhalation and instillation of WO3 nanoparticles caused transient increases in the number and rate of neutrophils, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and CINC-2 in BALF, but no histopathological changes or upregulation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the lung tissue.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that WO3 nanoparticles have low toxicity to the lung. According to the results of the inhalation study, we also propose that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WO3 nanoparticles is 2 mg/m3.
Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays for Gas/Volatile Organic Compounds Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Rath Ronil J. , Farajikhah Syamak , Oveissi Farshad , Dehghani Fariba , Naficy Sina
Published: November 2022

Gas detection and monitoring are essential due to their direct impact on human health, environment, and ecosystem. Chemiresistive sensors are one of the most used classes of sensors for monitoring and measurement of gases thanks to their ease of fabrication, customizability, mechanical flexibility, and fast response time. While chemiresistive sensors can offer good sensitivity and selectivity to a particular gas in a controlled environment with known interferences, they may not be able to differentiate between various gases having similar physiochemical properties under uncontrolled conditions. To address this shortcoming of chemiresistive gas sensors, sensor arrays have been the subject of recent studies. Gas sensor arrays are a group of individual gas sensors that are arranged to simultaneously detect and differentiate multiple cross‐reactive gases. In this regard, various sensor array technologies have been developed to differentiate a given set of gases using multivariate algorithms. This review provides an insight into the different algorithms that are used to extract the data from the sensor arrays, highlighting the fabrication techniques used for developing the sensor array prototypes, and different applications in which these arrays are used.
Effects of Zn Addition on Dendritic/Cellular Growth, Phase Formation, and Hardness of a Sn–3.5 wt% Ag Solder Alloy
Authors: Sobral Bruno Silva , Vieira Pâmala Samara , Lima Thiago Soares , Spinelli José Eduardo , Cheung Noé , Garcia Amauri , Silva Bismarck Luiz
Published: November 2022

Sn–Ag‐based alloys are considered good alternatives to soldering operations as compared with the traditional Sn–Pb solder alloys. Herein, the effects of 0.5 and 1.0 wt% Zn additions to a Sn–3.5 wt% Ag eutectic alloy on cooling and growth rates, microstructure, and microhardness along the length of directionally solidified (DS) castings are examined. Characterization techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Vickers microhardness are used to examine different samples extracted along the length of the DS castings. The Sn–3.5 wt% Ag alloy is shown to have a fully dendritic microstructure, characterized by a Sn‐rich matrix with the eutectic mixture located in the interdendritic regions. On the other hand, the alloy modified with 1 wt% Zn exhibits a microstructure entirely formed by β‐Sn cells, with a mixture of β‐Sn, ε‐Ag3Sn, and ζ‐AgZn phases in the intercellular regions. The DS Sn–3.5 wt% Ag–0.5 wt% Zn alloy casting exhibits a cellular/dendritic transition at a critical cooling rate of 8.5 °C s−1. The 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% Zn additions to the Sn–3.5 wt% Ag alloy improve hardness by 42.6% and 47.5%, respectively.
Relation between Structure, Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties in Cellular Ceramic Auxetic and Honeycomb Structures
Authors: Köllner David , Simon Swantje , Niedermeyer Sebastian , Spath Isabella , Wolf Edwyn , Kakimoto Ken-ichi , Fey Tobias
Published: November 2022

Optimizing renewable energy harvesting is of major importance in the following decades. In order to increase performance and efficiency, an ideal balance of mechanical and piezoelectric properties must be targeted. For this purpose, the approach of ceramic auxetic and honeycomb structures made of (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3 (BCZT) which is produced via injection molding is considered. The main design parameter is the structural angle θ which is varied between −35° and 35°. Its effect on compressive strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are determined via uniaxial compression tests and digital image correlation (DIC). Maximum compressive strength of 95 MPa at 0° (porosity of 59%) is found, which is superior to conventional porous ceramics of the same porosity. The piezoelectric constants d33 (max. 296 pC N−1) and g33 (max. 0.068 Vm N−1) are measured via the Berlincourt method and also exceed expectations, regardless of the structure. The theoretical models of Gibson and Ashby (mechanical) and Okazaki (piezoelectrical), as well as finite element method simulations, strengthen and explain the experimental results.
Chiroptical 3D Actuators for Smart Sensors
Authors: Han Seung Hui , Lim Seok‐In , Ryu Ki‐Hyun , Koo Jahyeon , Kang Dong‐Gue , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Jeon Seung‐Yeol , Kim Dae‐Yoon
Published: November 2022

Examples of anisotropic movement paired with helical geometry abound in the animal and plant kingdoms are used for a variety of reasons, such as diverse social signaling directed at conspecifics or camouflage to avoid predation. Inspired by these natural phenomena, a smart sensor is developed with a chiroptical 3D actuator that can fold, bend, and twist in response to external stimuli, reflecting light of specific wavelengths, and possessing circular polarization properties. Chirophotonic crystal actuators are constructed with an asymmetric Janus structure and are fabricated by self‐assembly, screen printing, and in situ photopolymerization. The optically active layer consists of cholesteric liquid crystal polymer, and the mechanically active layer is composed of a polymeric gel thin film. The programmed in‐planar and out‐of‐planar asymmetric Janus structures control the directionality of various shapes morphing from 2D to 3D. Finite element simulations allow to predict the shape changes associated with these chirophotonic crystal actuators: flower blooming, tendril climbing, eagle hunting, ant lifting, and inchworm moving motions. By utilizing the chirophotonic crystal actuator, a reusable and portable methanol‐laced water identifier is developed.
Boronate Building Blocks for Intracellular Protein Delivery
Authors: Ren Qianyi , Cheng Yiyun , Lv Jia
Published: November 2022

Intracellular protein delivery plays a critical role in the development of biotherapeutics and biotechnologies, yet it is hampered by a number of factors including protein binding, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and protein release. Boronate building blocks, which are frequently employed to create effective protein delivery systems, have shown significant promise in overcoming these limitations thanks to their versatile reactivities and stimuli‐responsive property. Boronate ligands transport conjugated proteins into the cytosol via receptor‐mediated endocytosis by forming reversible boronate disaster bonds with carbohydrates like sialic acid on the cell surface. Additionally, boronate modification gives cargo proteins extra binding sites for forming complexes with nanocarriers. After internalization, boronate‐tagged proteins are released from their carriers in response to endolysosomal acidity, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine triphosphate, and sometimes transport into the nucleus via the importin α/β pathway. Besides, boronate ligands are directly decorated on nanocarriers to enhance their binding affinity to native proteins via nitrogen–boron coordination. Owing to these promising features, various supramolecular and dynamic nanoassemblies are constructed based on boronate building blocks for efficient intracellular protein delivery.
Nonlysosomal Route of mRNA Delivery and Combining with Epigenetic Regulation Optimized Antitumor Immunoprophylactic Efficacy
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Xu , Huang Jiaxin , Shi Yingying , Luo Zhenyu , Zhang Junlei , Guo Xuemeng , Jiang Mengshi , Li Xiang , Yin Hang , Qin Bing , Guan Guannan , Luo Lihua , Zhou Yun , You Jian
Published: November 2022

Currently, mRNA‐based tumor therapies are in full flow because in vitro‐transcribed (IVT) mRNA has the potential to express tumor antigens to initiate the adaptive immune responses. However, the efficacy of such therapy relies heavily on the delivery system. Here, a pardaxin‐modified liposome loaded with tumor antigen‐encoding mRNA and adjuvant (2ʹ,3ʹ‐cGAMP, (cyclic [G(2ʹ,5ʹ)pA(3ʹ,5ʹ)p])), termed P‐Lipoplex‐CDN is reported. Due to an nonlysosomal delivery route, the transfection efficiency on dendritic cells (DCs) is improved by reducing the lysosome disruption of cargos. The mRNA modified DCs efficiently induce tumor antigen‐specific immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. As prophylactic vaccines, mRNA transfected DCs significantly delay the occurrence and development of tumors, and several immunized mice are even completely resistant to tumors. Interestingly, the efficacy depends on the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) expression level on tumor cells. Furthermore, epigenetic modification (decitabine, DAC) is applied as a combination strategy to deal with malignant tumor progression caused by deficient tumor MHC‐I expression. This study highlights the close relationship between mRNA‐DCs vaccine efficacy and the expression level of tumor cell MHC‐I molecules. Moreover, a feasible strategy for tumor MHC‐I expression deficiency is proposed, which may provide clinical guidance for the design and application of mRNA‐based tumor therapies.
A Continuous Gradient Colloidal Glass
Authors: Schöttle Marius , Lauster Tobias , Roemling Lukas J. , Vogel Nicolas , Retsch Markus
Published: November 2022

Colloidal crystals and glasses manipulate light propagation depending on their chemical composition, particle morphology, and mesoscopic structure. This light–matter interaction has been intensely investigated, but a knowledge gap remains for mesostructures comprising a continuous property gradient of the constituting particles. Here, a general synthetic approach to bottom‐up fabrication of continuous size gradient colloidal ensembles is introduced. First, the technique synthesizes a dispersion with a specifically designed gradual particle size distribution. Second, self‐assembly of this dispersion yields a photonic colloidal glass with a continuous size gradient from top to bottom. Local and bulk characterization methods are used to highlight the significant potential of this mesostructure, resulting in vivid structural colors along, and in superior light scattering across the gradient. The process describes a general pathway to mesoscopic gradients. It can expectedly be transferred to a variety of other particle‐based systems where continuous gradients will provide novel physical insights and functionalities.
Honeycomb‐Structured 3D Concave Photovoltaic Modules Supported by 3D Mechanical Metamaterials for Enhanced Light Recapture
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Sim Yeon Hyang , Lee Dong Yoon , Cha Seung I.
Published: November 2022

For a policy of 100% renewable energy, most renewable‐energy research is aimed at decarbonization; particular emphasis is being placed on increasing the portion of electricity generated by photovoltaics (PVs). As the application fields of PVs broadens from PV power plants and rooftop to various urban environments, achieving high energy yields requires expansion beyond current PV module structures. To satisfy these demands, honeycomb‐structured PV modules with incorporated mechanical metamaterials are proposed, to overcome the aforementioned problems associated with the limited mechanical properties of PVs, and to advance the development of 3D PV modules with enhanced energy yield. The honeycomb structures provide 28% greater power compared with flat cells by utilizing extra reflected or scattered light inside a 3D tetrahedron structure. For mechanical robustness, the 3D concave tetrahedron units are supported by a 3D‐structured mechanical metamaterial that exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio and is arranged in a 3D pattern.
Artificial Photosynthesis over Tubular In2O3/ZnO Heterojunctions Assisted by Efficient CO2 Activation and S‐Scheme Charge Separation
Authors: Han Gaowei , Liu Chengyuan , Pan Yang , Macyk Wojciech , Wageh Swelm , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Xu Feiyan
Published: November 2022

Solar‐driven CO2 reduction shows promise in alleviating climate change and energy crises, but it suffers from difficult CO2 activation and rapid electron/hole recombination in current photocatalysts. Here we develop novel metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived In2O3/ZnO tubular S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction. Resulting from Fermi level difference and electron transfer, an internal electric field is built at heterojunction interfaces and contributes to the formation of S‐scheme heterojunctions, as unveiled by in situ irradiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. CO2 molecules are chemisorbed and activated over the photocatalyst in views of DFT simulations. The CO2 photoreduction follows a *COOH‐intermediate pathway and affords an enhanced CO production rate (12.6 µmol g−1) with nearly 100% selectivity in the absence of any molecular cocatalyst or scavenger. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the efficient charge separation, stronger redox ability, and powerful CO2 activation of In2O3/ZnO S‐scheme heterojunctions.
Adsorption Mechanism and Optical Behaviors of Typical Volatile Organic Compounds on Pristine and Cu/Ni‐Modified C3N Monolayer: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Ma Kexin , Wang Yanwen , Zheng Yunxin , Xiao Jianrong , Xu Liang , Dai Xueqiong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the geometric and electronic structure of four gas molecules, including CH4, CH2O, CH3Cl and C6H6, on pristine and Cu/Ni‐modified C3N monolayer are investigated by using First principles. The calculations show that the Cu/Ni‐doping can effectively strengthen the gas adsorption ability of C3N. Upon gas‐C3N configuration, the adsorption energies are CH2O (0.11 eV) > C6H6 (0.09 eV) > CH3Cl (0.08 eV) > CH4 (0.05 eV). For Cu‐C3N configuration, the adsorption energies are C6H6 (3.26 eV) > CH3Cl (3.24 eV) > CH4 (3.22 eV) > CH2O (3.13 eV). For Ni‐C3N configuration, the adsorption energies are CH2O (1.48 eV) > C6H6 (0.66 eV) > CH3Cl (0.39 eV) > CH4 (0.11 eV). It is worth mentioning that the magnetic moment is reduced to 0 µB when CH2O are adsorbed on Cu/Ni‐C3N, and the maximum charge transfer is 0.71 e, 0.62 e, respectively. Moreover, its optical properties of adsorption of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas molecules are studied. It can be found that the two main absorption peaks locate at 3.0 × 105 cm−1 nm and 2.8 × 105 cm−1 nm at the range of ultraviolet and visible light. The calculated results provide the theoretical reference for Cu‐C3N‐based VOCs sensors.
Hollow Carbon Nanorod Confined Single Atom Rh for Direct Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Hu Yezhou , Chen Changsheng , Shen Tao , Guo Xuyun , Yang Chen , Wang Deli , Zhu Ye
Published: November 2022

Nearly theoretical 100% atomic utilization (supposing each atom could serve as independent sites to play a role in catalyz) of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) makes it highly promising for various applications. However, for most SACs, single‐atom sites are trapped in a solid carbon matrix, which makes the inner parts hardly available for reaction. Herein, a hollow N‐doped carbon confined single‐atom Rh (Rh‐SACs/HNCR) is developed via a coordination‐template method. Both aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping confirm the uniform distribution of Rh single atoms. Owning to the unique hollow structure and effective carbon confinement, excessive conversion from pyridinic/pyrrolic N to graphic N is hindered. As a proof of concept, Rh‐SACs/HNCR exhibits superior activity, stability, selectivity, and anti‐poisoning capability in formic acid oxidation reaction compared with the counterpart Rh/C, Pd/C, and Pt/C catalysts. This work provides a powerful strategy for synthesizing hollow carbon confined single‐atom catalysts apply in various energy‐related systems.