bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of group antenatal care versus individualized antenatal care on birth preparedness and complication readiness: a cluster randomized controlled study among pregnant women in Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Kukula Vida A. , Awini Elizabeth , Ghosh Bidisha , Apetorgbor Veronica , Zielinski Ruth , Amankwah Georgina , Ofosu Winfred K. , James Katherine , Williams John E. O. , Lori Jody R. , Moyer Cheryl A.
Published: August 2024

Background

As utilization of individual antenatal care (I-ANC) has increased throughout sub-Saharan Africa, questions have arisen about whether individual versus group-based care might yield better outcomes. We implemented a trial of group-based antenatal care (G-ANC) to determine its impact on birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) among pregnant women in Ghana.

Methods

We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing G-ANC to routine antenatal care in 14 health facilities in the Eastern Region of Ghana. We recruited women in their first trimester to participate in eight two-hour interactive group sessions throughout their pregnancies. Meetings were facilitated by midwives trained in G-ANC methods, and clinical assessments were conducted in addition to group discussions and activities. Data were collected at five timepoints, and results are presented comparing baseline (T0) to 34 weeks’ gestation to 3 weeks post-delivery (T1) for danger sign recognition, an 11-point additive scale of BPCR, as well as individual items comprising the scale.

Results

1285 participants completed T0 and T1 assessments (N = 668 I-ANC, N = 617, G-ANC). At T1, G-ANC participants were able to identify significantly more pregnancy danger signs than I-ANC participants (mean increase from 1.8 to 3.4 in G-ANC vs. 1.7 to 2.2 in I-ANC, p < 0.0001). Overall BPCR scores were significantly greater in the G-ANC group than the I-ANC group. The elements of BPCR that showed the greatest increases included arranging for emergency transport (I-ANC increased from 1.5 to 11.5% vs. G-ANC increasing from 2 to 41% (p < 0.0001)) and saving money for transportation (19–32% in the I-ANC group vs. 19–73% in the G-ANC group (p < 0.0001)). Identifying someone to accompany the woman to the facility rose from 1 to 3% in the I-ANC group vs. 2–20% in the G-ANC group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

G-ANC significantly increased BPCR among women in rural Eastern Region of Ghana when compared to routine antenatal care. Given the success of this intervention, future efforts that prioritize the implementation of G-ANC are warranted.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04033003 (25/07/2019).

Protocol available

Protocol Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508671/.
Comparative effectiveness analysis of survival with first-line palbociclib or ribociclib plus AI in HR + /HER2- advanced breast cancer (CEPRA study): preliminary analysis of real-world data from Thailand
Authors: Dajsakdipon Thanate , Susiriwatananont Thiti , Wongkraisri Concord , Ithimakin Suthinee , Parinyanitikul Napa , Supavavej Archara , Dechaphunkul Arunee , Sunpaweravong Patrapim , Neesanun Sunee , Akewanlop Charuwan , Dejthevaporn Thitiya ,   TSCO Breast Oncology Group
Published: August 2024

Background

The current standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR + /HER2 −) advanced breast cancer (ABC) is a combination of aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). Direct comparison trials of different CDK4/6i are scarce. This real-world study compared the effectiveness of first-line AI plus ribociclib versus palbociclib.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study, conducted in six cancer centers in Thailand, enrolled patients with HR + /HER2 − ABC treated with first-line AI, and either ribociclib or palbociclib. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), time to chemotherapy (TTC), and adverse events.

Results

Of the 250 patients enrolled, 134 patients with ribociclib and 49 patients with palbociclib were captured after PSM. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Median PFS in patients receiving ribociclib and palbociclib were 27.9 and 31.8 months, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.87; 0.55–1.37). The median OS in the AI + ribociclib arm was 48.7 months compared to 59.1 months in the AI + palbociclib arm (hazard ratio: 0.55; 0.29–1.05). The median TTC in the AI + palbociclib group was 56 months, but not reached in the AI + ribociclib group (p = 0.42). The ORR of AI + ribociclib and AI + palbociclib were comparable (40.5% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.29). Patients receiving palbociclib demonstrated a higher proportion of neutropenia compared to those receiving ribociclib, despite a similar dose reduction rate (p = 0.28). Hepatitis rate was similar between the ribociclib (21%) and palbociclib groups (22%). Additionally, a low incidence of QT prolongation was observed in both the ribociclib (5%) and palbociclib groups (4%).

Conclusion

This preliminary analysis of a real-world study demonstrated the comparable effectiveness of ribociclib and palbociclib with AI as an initial therapy for HR + /HER2 − ABC. No statistically significant difference in PFS, OS, and TTC was found in patients treated with AI combined with palbociclib or ribociclib. Longer follow-up and further prospective randomized head-to-head studies are warranted.
Emergency infection prevention and control training in fragile, conflict-affected or vulnerable settings: a scoping review
Authors: Brainard Julii , Swindells Isabel Catalina , Wild Joanna , Hammer Charlotte Christiane , Hornsey Emilio , Mahamed Hibak Osman , Willet Victoria
Published: August 2024

Background

It is uncertain what could be the best training methods for infection prevention and control when an infectious disease threat is active or imminent in especially vulnerable or resource-scarce settings.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken to find and summarise relevant information about training modalities, replicability and effectiveness of IPC training programmes for clinical staff as reported in multiple study designs. Eligible settings were conflict-affected or in countries classified as low-income or lower-middle income (World Bank 2022 classifications). Search terms for LILACS and Scopus were developed with input of an expert working group. Initially found articles were dual-screened independently, data were extracted especially about infection threat, training outcomes, needs assessment and teaching modalities. Backwards and forwards citation searches were done to find additional studies. Narrative summary describes outcomes and aspects of the training programmes. A customised quality assessment tool was developed to describe whether each study could be informative for developing specific future training programmes in relevant vulnerable settings, based on six questions about replicability and eight questions about other biases.

Findings

Included studies numbered 29, almost all (n = 27) were pre-post design, two were trials. Information within the included studies to enable replicability was low (average score 3.7/6). Nearly all studies reported significant improvement in outcomes suggesting that the predominant study design (pre-post) is inadequate to assess improvement with low bias, that any and all such training is beneficial, or that publication bias prevented reporting of less successful interventions and thus a informative overview.

Conclusion

It seems likely that many possible training formats and methods can lead to improved worker knowledge, skills and / or practice in infection prevention and control. Definitive evidence in favour of any specific training format or method is hard to demonstrate due to incomplete descriptions, lack of documentation about unsuccessful training, and few least-biased study designs (experimental trials). Our results suggest that there is a significant opportunity to design experiments that could give insights in favour of or against specific training methods. “Sleeping” protocols for randomised controlled trials could be developed and then applied quickly when relevant future events arise, with evaluation for outcomes such as knowledge, practices, skills, confidence, and awareness.
Socioeconomic inequality in breakfast skipping among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Hovdenak Ingrid Marie , Helleve Arnfinn , Wolden Ida Emilie , Bere Elling
Published: August 2024

Background

Skipping breakfast is associated with negative health-related and school-related outcomes. Breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal among adolescents. Thus, there is a need to explore the reasons for breakfast skipping across population subgroups to better inform policy makers. The purpose of this study was to present the prevalence of adolescents skipping breakfast on schooldays, analyse the reasons for skipping breakfast and assess associations between the prevalence of skipping breakfast and the reasons for skipping breakfast according to sociodemographic variables.

Methods

The data of a random sample of 10 000 upper secondary school students (aged 16–18 years) from Viken County, Norway, were collected. Students completed a questionnaire measuring breakfast skipping, reasons for skipping breakfast, and sociodemographic variables. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between the independent groups (family affluence scale (FAS), parental education, and gender) and skipping breakfast and reasons for skipping breakfast.

Results

22% of adolescents reported that they usually skipped breakfast on all schooldays. Skipping breakfast was more prevalent among females, older students, students with lower socioeconomic status and students in vocational education programmes. The difference in breakfast skipping between students with low and high FAS scores was 31% versus 16%, respectively. The most common self-reported reasons for skipping breakfast were time (59%) and not wanting to eat breakfast (48%). Furthermore, 9% reported health issues, and 3% reported economic constraints as a reason for skipping breakfast. Not wanting to eat breakfast was related to a higher FAS score, health issues were more common among girls, and economic constraints were more common among those with low socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

Skipping breakfast was common among Norwegian upper secondary school students. Lack of time and not wanting breakfast were clearly the most cited reasons for skipping breakfast. Health issues and economic constraints were also cited but were less common. The results showed diverging associations between different demographic characteristics and reasons for skipping breakfast. These results are important for developing effective programs to improve diet among adolescents.
The individualized treatment for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in adolescent: a single center’ s retrospective study
Authors: Ran Xudong , Shen Weijia , Li Xin , Liao Jianyi , Yuan Hongliang , Wang Hao , Wu Songhua , Rong Shuhan
Published: August 2024

Background

Pectus carinatum (PC) mainly present at the growth spurt time of the early teenage years or the puberty. Poor outer appearance is a major reason for seeking help for surgeons to increase self-confidence and self-esteem. At present, minimally invasive repair (MIR) is one of effective ways to correct the chest wall deformity. Therefore, there is great practical significance to conduct clinical research on MIR about the adolescent PC.

Methods

We applied Abramson procedure in PC group or we applied Abramson procedure and Nuss procedure in PC/PE group. We retrospectively reviewed the results of 41 cases who underwent the surgical correction at our department from January 2020 to April 2023.

Results

All the procedures were successfully done without severe complications. The median operation Time was 80 min in PC group while was 130 min in PC/PE group. The median LOS were 4 days in PC group while 5 days in PC/PE group. The median compression depth was 32 mm in PC group while 12 mm in PC/PE group. Postoperatively, there are some complications. All Pneumothorax patients being treated conservatively were found in 9 patients in two groups. One patient suffered overcorrection after operation. There were 3 patients suffered steel wires breakage in two groups. One patient reoperation postoperatively for the dislocation of the bar secondary to steel wires breakage.

Conclusions

The Abramson procedure or Abramson procedure and Nuss procedure have good short-term results in repair PC and PC/PE. Select one or two procedures should be done individually based on whether the lower plane over depressed after Abramson procedure.
Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC6 promotes colon tumorigenesis by targeting PPARγ-driven lipid biosynthesis via regulating lipidome metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Shan Junqi , Li Xinyu , Sun Runqi , Yao Yao , Sun Yan , Kuang Qin , Dai Xianling , Sun Yanlai
Published: August 2024

Background

The failure of proper recognition of the intricate nature of pathophysiology in colorectal cancer (CRC) has a substantial effect on the progress of developing novel medications and targeted therapy approaches. Imbalances in the processes of lipid oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids are significant risk factors for the development of CRC. Therapeutic intervention that specifically targets the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its downstream response element, in response to lipid metabolism, has been found to promote the growth of tumors and has shown significant clinical advantages in cancer patients.

Methods

Clinical CRC samples and extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to determine the role of ZDHHC6 and its downstream targets via a series of biochemical assays, molecular analysis approaches and lipid metabolomics assay, etc.

Results

To study the effect of ZDHHC6 on the progression of CRC and identify whether ZDHHC6 is a palmitoyltransferase that regulates fatty acid synthesis, which directly palmitoylates and stabilizes PPARγ, and this stabilization in turn activates the ACLY transcription-related metabolic pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that PPARγ undergoes palmitoylation in its DNA binding domain (DBD) section. This lipid-related modification enhances the stability of PPARγ protein by preventing its destabilization. As a result, palmitoylated PPARγ inhibits its degradation induced by the lysosome and facilitates its translocation into the nucleus. In addition, we have identified zinc finger-aspartate-histidine-cysteine 6 (ZDHHC6) as a crucial controller of fatty acid biosynthesis. ZDHHC6 directly interacts with and adds palmitoyl groups to stabilize PPARγ at the Cys-313 site within the DBD domain of PPARγ. Consequently, this palmitoylation leads to an increase in the expression of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). Furthermore, our findings reveals that ZDHHC6 actively stimulates the production of fatty acids and plays a role in the development of colorectal cancer. However, we have observed a significant reduction in the cancer-causing effects when the expression of ZDHHC6 is inhibited in in vivo trials. Significantly, in CRC, there is a strong positive correlation between the high expression of ZDHHC6 and the expression of PPARγ. Moreover, this high expression of ZDHHC6 is connected with the severity of CRC and is indicative of a poor prognosis.

Conclusions

We have discovered a mechanism in which lipid biosynthesis is controlled by ZDHHC6 and includes the signaling of PPARγ-ACLY in the advancement of CRC. This finding provides a justification for targeting lipid synthesis by blocking ZDHHC6 as a potential therapeutic approach.
Spatial distribution characteristics of relationship network of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal water engineering facilities based on Gephi
Authors: Cheng Wang , Lifeng Tan , Xin Qiu , Yiwen Zhang , Guanhua Wang , Zhichao Sun
Published: August 2024

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, China’s oldest and most crucial water transportation project, ensures smooth operation and efficient water transportation through interconnected water engineering facilities. Studying the connections among the water engineering facilities of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is theoretically and practically significant for preserving and innovating canal heritage. Therefore, this study utilizes social network analysis to comprehensively examine the spatial connections and network status of water engineering facilities along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal across different channel structure. Gephi 0.10.1 was utilized in this study to construct a relational network of water engineering facilities along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with each facility considered as a network node. By applying network analysis indices such as degree, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, the correlation between water engineering facilities was thoroughly investigated. The study’s findings reveal that: (1) the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal possesses numerous overall network nodes with extensive coverage; however, its overall network density is relatively low, and the inter-node connection is weak. (2) Across the entire network, the spatial distribution of degree and betweenness centrality exhibits a clustered pattern. Their distribution patterns are centered on the Lake region section where Hongze Lake is located and the segment from Liucheng to Zhenjiang in the Lake region, the River transport confluence section, and the Nature river section, respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of closeness centrality show a dispersed shape, with stronger areas mainly concentrated in the canal’s tributaries, especially the Nature river section, which shows more prominence. (3) Analyzed from a channel structure perspective, water engineering facilities in different sections assume distinct linking roles within the network. Facilities in the Lake region section play the strongest overall linkage role, partly due to its highest node proportion. Conversely, in the Nature river section, facilities primarily serve transshipment and direct connection functions, whereas in the River transport confluence section, they act mainly as intermediaries or “bridges”. Notably, water control facilities in the Nature river section and river engineering facilities in the River transport confluence section play pivotal driving roles in their respective sections, warranting special attention and protection as critical canal nodes.
Combining stress inoculation with virtual reality simulation training of malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Blanchard Erin E , Trost Zina , Brown Michelle R , Shum Corey , Meese Merrick
Published: August 2024

Background

Limited research has been conducted on how healthcare simulation can mitigate clinician stress. Stress exposure training (SET) has been shown to decrease stress’s impact on performance. Combining SET with virtual reality (VR) simulation training has not yet been explored in the context of stress inoculation. The primary purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a VR module could induce stress. The secondary purpose was to determine if repeated exposure to stressors could decrease stress response in a simulated environment.

Methods

Medical students were recruited to partake in VR simulation modules aimed at treatment of malignant hyperthermia (MH). Those in the SET group were exposed to stressful stimuli during training modules, while those in the Control group were not. Both groups then completed a Test Module with the presence of stressful stimuli. Objective and subjective indicators of stress were measured after each module.

Results

Both groups indicated increases in perceived stress and module stressfulness after Training Module 1 and decreases after Training Module 2. After the Test Module, the Control group experienced significant elevation in perceived stress (p = .05), and the SET group had a significant decrease in perceived module stressfulness (p < .05). Both groups had a decrease in perceived competence after Training Module 1 (p < .001) and an increase after Training Module 2 (p < .001), with the SET group having significant elevation after the Test Module (p < .01). Both groups found the VR module to be feasible as a teaching tool. Objectively, the SET group showed an upward trend in electrodermal activity (EDA) from the Tutorial to Test Modules (p < .05), with the Control group showing a decrease after Training Module 2 (p = .05) and an increase after the Test Module (p < .01).

Conclusions

A VR module targeting treatment of MH successfully induced stress and was regarded favorably by participants. Those in the SET group perceived less stress and more competence after the Test Module than those in the Control. Findings suggest that repeated exposure to stressors through VR may desensitize participants from future stress in a simulated environment.
Host plant-derived benzoic acid interferes with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid degradation in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris by competitively binding to PobR
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhou Lian , Song Kai , Thawai Chitti , He Ya-Wen
Published: August 2024

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassica vegetables, which can induce the host plant to produce salicylic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) during infection. Xcc was previously shown to sense and degrade host plant-derived 4-HBA via the sensor PobR and a PobA-dependent pathway. The degradation of 4-HBA is associated with Xcc virulence in cabbage. The present study generated a reporter strain XC1::PpobA-gusA to monitor pobA transcription. 4-HBA-like compounds were screened for their ability to interfere with pobA transcription. Benzoic acid (BA) was found to efficiently decrease pobA transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Xcc neither produced nor degraded BA; however, the exogenous addition of BA to the 4-HBA-containing Xcc culture significantly decreased the 4-HBA degradation rate. Furthermore, addition of BA into the Xcc culture did not significantly affect the transcription of pobA or pobR; however, addition of BA into the 4-HBA-containing culture significantly decreased the transcription of both genes. Isothermal titration calorimetry and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that BA binds to PobR with a moderate affinity, which interfered with the binding of 4-HBA/PobR complex to the pobA promoter and thereby inhibiting pobA transcription and 4-HBA degradation. The endogenous BA level of the infected cabbage leaves increased in response to Xcc infection. In the presence of BA, the virulence of Xcc on cabbage decreased significantly. Taken together, these results suggest that cabbage utilizes BA to interfere with 4-HBA degradation, thereby reducing Xcc virulence. Thus, BA has the potential to be developed as a bactericide against Xcc infection.
Current Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Development in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Park Jong Chul , Shin Donghoon
Published: August 2024

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are fusions of therapeutic drugs and antibodies conjugated by a linker, designed to deliver a therapeutic payload to cells expressing the target antigen. By delivering the highly cytotoxic agent directly to cancer cells, ADCs are designed to enhance safety and broaden the therapeutic window. Recently, ADCs have demonstrated promising efficacy in various solid tumors and are rapidly expanding their indications. The prognosis of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor, with no new therapeutics since the advent of anti–PD-1 antibodies in 2016, highlighting a critical need for innovative therapies. Recent preliminary results suggest that ADCs could be promising treatment options for HNSCC as they explore a variety of target antigens, payloads, and linkers. However, for successful adaptation of ADCs in the treatment of HNSCC, addressing key challenges such as payload toxicities, antigen heterogeneity, and adaptive resistance will be essential. Current research focused on new ADC structures, including multispecific antibodies and noncytotoxic payloads, and diverse combination approaches, show promise for future advancements.
Urachal and Nonurachal Adenocarcinomas of the Urinary Bladder: A Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Study
Authors: Cigliola Antonio , Basnet Alina , Jacob Joseph M. , Mercinelli Chiara , Tateo Valentina , Patanè Damiano Alfio , Bratslavsky Gennady , Cheng Liang , Grivas Petros , Kamat Ashish M. , Spiess Philippe E. , Pavlick Dean C. , Lin Douglas I. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Necchi Andrea
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

Although both urachal (U) and nonurachal (NU) bladder adenocarcinomas (adenoCas) share several histologic similarities, they differ in location and sometimes in therapeutic options. We analyzed the differences in genomic alterations (GAs) between these tumor entities, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets for clinical trials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Overall, 133 U and 328 NU adenoCas were analyzed. Hybrid capture–based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed to evaluate all classes of GA. Germline status of GA was predicted using a validated somatic-germline computational method. CGP was performed using the FoundationOne and FoundationOne CDx assays (Foundation Medicine, Inc).

RESULTS

The most frequent GA in both U and NU cohorts included TP53 (86.5% v 81.1%) and KRAS (34.6% v 27.7%). GAs characteristic of colorectal adenoCa, such as SMAD4 ( P = .069) and GNAS ( P = .071), were more common in U versus NU. Conversely, TERT ( P < .01) and RB1 ( P = .071) were more prevalent in NU adenoCa. Notably, both U and NU adenoCas exhibited possibly targetable GA in PIK3CA (7.5% v 7.9%) and ERBB2 (6.8% v 7.6%). Biomarkers associated with potential benefit from anti–PD-1/L1 were infrequent. Median tumor mutational burden was 2.6 and 3.5 mutations per megabase for U and NU, respectively, and PD-L1 expression >1% was rare. Genomic ancestry and genomic signature distribution were similar in both tumor types. GAs were most commonly of somatic nature. Limitations include lack of clinical data, tumor heterogeneity, and retrospective nature.

CONCLUSION

U and NU adenoCAs revealed differences in GA, with PIK3CA and ERBB2 being identified as putative therapeutic targets. Biomarkers of response to anti–PD-(L)1 were uncommon. Results highlight the potential of CGP to personalize treatment options of bladder adenoCa and inform clinical trial designs.
Mais é melhor? O papel da advocacia pública como “linha de defesa” nas contratações públicas brasileiras no cenário de disfuncionalidade do controle da administração pública
Authors: Bertoldi Thyago de Pieri , Sarai Leandro
Published: August 2024

O problema da pesquisa é a compatibilidade do papel de “linha de defesa” atribuído para os órgãos de assessoramento jurídico na Lei nº 14.133, de 2021, com as funções constitucionais atribuídas à advocacia pública. A pesquisa desenvolvida é pura, qualitativa, de cunho descritivo, e o método de abordagem é o hipotético-dedutivo. A técnica de pesquisa é bibliográfica, pautada por consulta e análise da legislação, de livros e de artigos científicos. Os resultados foram expostos exclusivamente em forma de texto. Em conclusão, a inclusão dos órgãos de assessoramento jurídico no sistema de controle interno das contratações públicas não ofende as disposições dos artigos 131 e 132 da Constituição, porque as atividades de assessoramento e consultoria jurídica são formas de exercício de controle de juridicidade e, ainda, podem trazer benefícios para contrapor as consequências negativas do desempenho disfuncional do controle.
Adaptando as definições de mercado relevante nos mercados digitais: lições da experiência do Cade
Authors: Fernandes Victor , Sá Marcus Vinicius Silveira de
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalho busca avaliar e discutir, a partir da experiência do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), as principais sugestões teóricas indicadas pela doutrina para solucionar as dificuldades relacionadas à aparente (in)compatibilidade da ferramenta de definição de mercado relevante e sua metodologia clássica com os mercados de plataformas digitais. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se do método do levantamento bibliográfico, aprofundando-se as pesquisas por meio de artigos científicos e estudos econômicos. Além disso, discutiram-se os principais precedentes do Cade em que a definição de mercado relevante em plataformas digitais foi discutida de forma mais aprofundada. O estudo realizado demonstrou que, embora não tenham sido verificados precedentes em que o Cade tenha aplicado algumas das variações ao teste Small but Significant and Non-transitory Increase in Price (SSNIP) sugeridas pela doutrina, a autoridade nacional apresenta uma tendência a não realizar uma estrita definição de mercado relevante, fazendo uso simultâneo de diferentes proxies para aferição de poder de mercado.
Estudo de direito administrativo: uma metodologia e um relatório sobre novas pesquisas empíricas
Authors: Schuck Peter H. , Elliott E. Donald
Published: August 2024

Este artigo relata um estudo empírico concluído recentemente sobre algumas tendências gerais do direito administrativo federal. Apesar de o estudo completo ter sido publicado em outro lugar, também relatamos nossas conclusões aqui por dois motivos. Primeiro, esperamos ampliar o público desta pesquisa, especialmente entre os advogados administrativos em exercício. Acreditamos que o estudo oferece algumas perspectivas novas, importantes e intrigantes sobre várias questões: a mudança de estilo das decisões de apelação no direito administrativo; a evolução do direito administrativo desde meados da década de 1960; os padrões de remessas para órgãos administrativos; e os efeitos da decisão Chevron da Suprema Corte. Em segundo lugar, gostaríamos de chamar atenção especial para a metodologia de nosso estudo, na esperança de que outros pesquisadores a utilizem para investigar outras questões de interesse de advogados e acadêmicos da área administrativa. Este artigo, que consiste essencialmente em trechos do longo estudo publicado, está dividido em três partes. Na Parte I, apresentamos nosso estudo, situando-o em um contexto intelectual mais amplo. A Parte II descreve nossa metodologia de pesquisa. A Parte III resume as principais conclusões do estudo.
Cooperação institucional entre Tribunais de Contas e Ministério Público para cobertura do vácuo de fiscalização dos crimes contra as finanças públicas como fator para efetividade dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Gonçalves André Luiz de Matos , Bliacheriene Ana Carla
Published: August 2024

A efetividade dos direitos fundamentais necessita da boa gestão dos recursos públicos. O presente artigo propõe a necessidade de um acoplamento entre os Tribunais de Contas e o Ministério Público como uma forma de aumentar a qualidade da responsabilidade fiscal e, em último grau, ser um instrumento de concretização dos direitos fundamentais em todas as acepções. O marco teórico dos autores, quanto à necessidade dessa cooperação, funda-se nas teorias da capacidade estatal e dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, propondo que a melhor comunicação e integração entre esses órgãos podem levar a uma fiscalização mais eficaz na área das finanças públicas. Por meio de uma abordagem empírica, o estudo revela um vácuo significativo na fiscalização dos crimes contra as finanças públicas, com apenas 0,12% das ações penais propostas pelo MP relacionando-se a esses crimes no universo de crimes contra a administração pública. Para enfrentar essa lacuna, são propostas medidas internas aos órgãos, bem como acordos de cooperação para facilitar o compartilhamento de dados e informações. O estudo sugere a criação de um Laboratório de Análises de Orçamentos e Políticas Públicas (Laopp) como uma estratégia eficaz para promover a integração e melhorar a fiscalização orçamentária e financeira, e, assim, contribuir para a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais.
HALK HİKÂYELERİNDE ÇATIŞMA VE ÇATIŞMA ÇÖZME BİÇİMLERİ
Authors: Kayabaşı Rabia Gökcen
Published: August 2024

Kültür; bir milleti örf, adet, inanış ve davranışları ile diğer toplumlardan farklı kılan bir unsurdur. Kültür aktarımını sağlamada önemli araçlardan biri de anlatı türleridir. Anlatı türleri geçmişten bugüne toplumların ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan bir unsur olmuştur. Zamanla eğitim ve öğretimde de yararlanılan bu türler, çocuklarda kültürel aktarımı sağlamada önemli bir araç olarak görülmüştür. Halk hikâyesi bu kültürel aktarımı toplumun diliyle anlatan bir türdür. Bu makale Ali Berat Alptekin'in halk hikâyesi ile ilgili yapmış olduğu sınıflandırma esas alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma bu sınıflandırmada yer alan dört halk hikâyesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bunlar: Kerem ile Aslı, Âşık Garip, Yusuf ile Züleyha ve Lâtif Şah'tır. Seçilen halk hikâyelerinde Cüceloğlu'nun çatışma sınıflandırması ve Johnson’un çatışma çözme biçimleri kavramı, kuramsal olarak psikanaliz çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada doküman analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile halk hikâyelerinde yer alan kahramanların yaşadıkları çatışma ve bu çatışmaları çözme biçimlerinin olay örgüsü ve kahramanlar üzerinde etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kahramanların yaşadığı çatışmaların ve bu çatışmaları çözme biçimlerinin olay örgüsünün akışını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer anlatı türleri üzerinde de yapılacak bu tarz çalışmaların alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
AXEL OLRİK’İN EPİK YASALARI IŞIĞINDA KÖROĞLU’NUN BOLU BEYİ KOLU
Authors: Özkılıç Reyyan
Published: August 2024

Köroğlu, Türk dünyası coğrafyasından bilinen ve anlatılmaya devam eden hikâyelerin başında yer alır. Yaşadığı ve yayıldığı coğrafya göz önüne alındığında Köroğlu pek çok varyanta diğer bir ifade ile “kol” adı verilen anlatmalara sahiptir. Tespit edilen her varyant –kol- halk bilimi araştırmaları için son derece kıymetlidir. Bu nedenle Köroğlu kollarının Türk halk anlatıları içerisinde önemli bir yeri vardır.
Sözlü ve yazılı kültür ortamlarından aktarılarak günümüze kadar gelen anlatılar toplumsal bellekte saklanır. Çalışmada halk anlatılarının incelenmesinde sıkça kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olan Axel Olrik’in “Halk Anlatıların Epik Yasaları”ndan hareketle Köroğlu’nun Bolu Beyi Kolu değerlendirilmiştir. Axel Olrik’e göre bireysel ve toplumsal kültürün izleri anlatılarda bilinçli veya bilinçsiz şekilde korunur. Yapılacak incelemelerle metinlerin arka planında saklanan bu izlerin açığa çıkarılabileceğini savunur. Bu görüşlerden hareketle anlatı içerisinde Axel Olrik’in epik yasalarının nasıl işlendiği ve bu yasalar ile hikâyenin uygunluğu incelenerek çalışmanın sonucunda Bolu Beyi Kolu’nun Axel Olrik’in epik yasalarına uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ANADOLU’DA MERYEM ANA İLE İLGİLİ YİYECEK VE İÇECEKLER
Authors: Koçak Aynur , Günaltay Başak Merve
Published: August 2024

Önemli bir dini şahsiyet olan Meryem Ana’ya atfedilen bazı nitelikler, bilhassa Anadolu halk kültüründe geleneksel birtakım uygulamalarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yemek ve sofradan halk hekimliği uygulamalarına kadar çeşitli noktalarda Meryem Ana’nın ismi Anadolu’da sıkça anılmaktadır. Ancak, Meryem Anayı merkeze alan çalışmalar çoğunlukla teoloji sahasında olduğundan, onun gelenekteki izleri ve kültürlerarası oluşturduğu birleştiriciliğe dair örnekler sunan çalışmalar oldukça azdır. Türkiye’de, Meryem Ana’nın Anadolu yemek kültürü içerisindeki yerinin tespiti üzerine yapılan akademik bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Hristiyanlık özelinde, Ermeni ve Rum yemek kültürü içerisinde Meryem Ana ismiyle anılan ya da onunla ilgili özel günlerde hazırlanan yemekler ele alınmış, bu yemekler yorum ve analiz yoluyla incelenmiştir. Öncelikle insan için “yemek” kavramının ne ifade edildiği üzerinde durulmuş daha sonra yemek ve din kavramları arasındaki bağlantı değerlendirilmiştir. Bağlam merkezli bir yöntem olan işlevsel kuramdan bu çalışmada istifade edilmiştir. Ardından ilk grupta, mutluluk, neşe ve şükran duygularının bir ortamda paylaşıldığı yemekler incelenirken, ikinci grupta yas, özlem ve hüzün duygularını barındıran yemekler üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca, örnek verilen yemeklerin, hangi ortamlarda ve ne tür bir bağlam içerisinde tüketildiği ortaya konmuştur.
Mitik Dünyanın Düşünü Modern Dünyada Aramak: Heykel Galatea’dan Yapay Zekâ Kadın Modellere Uzanan İdeal Kadın Arzusu: Seren Ay ve Asena İlik Örneği
Authors: Erdal Tuğçe
Published: August 2024

Yapay zekâ, son zamanlarda dijital dünya, ulusal medya, sosyal medya platformları, günlük yaşam ve bilim olmak üzere hayatın pek çok alanında sık sık duyulmaya başlayan teknolojik bir kavramdır. Yapay zekânın birçok ihtiyaca cevap vermesinin yanı sıra, özellikle duygu ve hisleri içeren alanlarda yetersiz olduğu ancak konu uzmanları tarafından söz konusu yetersizliklerin giderilmeye çalışıldığı görülür. Bu sebeple yapay zekâ, insan eliyle yaratılan insanın hem zihinsel hem de duygusal zekâsına sahip olmasının yanı sıra güzelliği ile de ideali oluşturma çabasını taşımaktadır. Bu çaba, antik dünyada da var olan ve en güzeli “yaratma” arzusundan hareket eden bir heykelde açığa çıkar. Mitolojik bir anlatı olan Pygmalion anlatısında, yarattığı bir kadın heykele âşık olan bir heykeltıraşın, Galaeta adını verdiği ideal kadının canlanması için yaptığı duanın kabul olması sonucunda heykelin canlanması ile karşılaşılır. Bu anlatının modern dönemdeki uzantısı niteliğinde karşımıza çıkan farklı yapay zekâ “ideal kadın tipleri”nin incelenmesi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İdeal kadın, güzellik ve aşk gibi kavramların Yaradan dışında bir varlık tarafından idealize edilmesi sürecindeki farklılıklar ve benzerliklerin tespiti ve yaratılma amacının ortak ve farklı yanları makalede tespit edilecektir. Özellikle sosyal medyada yapay zekâ ile oluşturulmuş influcier olarak tanımlanan ve meslekleri mankenlik olarak nitelendirilen kadınların paylaşımları hatta yapay zekâ ile yaratılan kadın modeller arasında yapılan yapay zekâ kadın güzellik yarışması bu makalenin inceleme alanına girecektir. Çalışmada Pygmalion’un Galatea’yı yaratma süreci, amacı ve sonucu ile modern çağda tasarımcıların Seren Ay ve Asena İlik isimleri özelindeki kadın yapay zekâ modellerini yaratma süreci, amacı ve sonucunun birbiri ile örtüştüğü gösterilmek istenmiştir.
Regularized Extreme Learning Machine-Based Temperature Prediction for Edible Fungi Greenhouse
Authors: Tian Dong , Shi Jia , Zhang Hui , Wei Xinhua , Zhao Anping , Feng Jianying
Published: August 2024

Highlights

Proposed an improved IPSO-RELM model.

Improved the standard PSO algorithm from three aspects.

IPSO was combined to optimize the model structure parameters of RELM.

Selected historical feature variables in the RELM model.

Established IPSO-RELM temperature prediction methods in edible fungi greenhouse.

Abstract. Maintaining a suitable microclimate environment in a greenhouse is essential for edible fungus growth. This study aims to predict the greenhouse temperature for edible fungi more accurately and efficiently and to provide decision support for their production management. For this purpose, a new method that combines the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) with the regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) network algorithm was proposed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of temperature prediction. The proposed method selects RELM as the basic model that can be effectively applied to the prediction of complex nonlinear systems and makes three improvements to the standard PSO and the parameter optimization for RELM based on IPSO. In addition, four-month temperature data acquisition experiments were carried out in the Daxing District of Beijing, and the time series dataset of greenhouse temperature was collected, preprocessed, and further used to train and validate the proposed models. The results show that the IPSO-RELM model is superior to extreme learning machine (ELM), RELM, least squares support vector regression (LSSVR), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) for predicting the temperature of edible fungi greenhouses, with the least mean-square error (MSE) and large coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.441 and 0.985, respectively. The results also demonstrated the necessity of incorporating historical variables into predictive modeling. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is further used to verify that the prediction performance of the IPSO-RELM model is significantly different from the other developed algorithms. Because this study considers multiple historical environmental factors that affect greenhouse temperature, it is applicable to various greenhouse scenarios and has universal applicability. This study provides insights for RELM network-related research and the methods for temperature prediction in other application scenarios, as well as practical decision-making for the temperature control and environmental management of the edible fungi greenhouse. Keywords: Algorithm optimization, Edible fungi greenhouse, PSO improvement, Regularized extreme learning machine (RELM), Temperature prediction.
Calibration of V-Notch and Compound Weirs for Subsurface Drainage Water Level Control Structures
Authors: Katuwal Sheela , Johnson Gabriel M. , Craig Andrew J. , Rogovska Natalia P. , Isenhart Thomas M. , Malone Rob W.
Published: August 2024

Highlights

Accurate discharge estimation is important when evaluating edge-of-field conservation practices.

V-notch weir equations were developed for three sizes of subsurface drainage water level control structures.

Compound weir equations were developed for subsurface drainage water level control structures.

The compound weir equation accurately estimates discharge for flows within and overtopping the V-notch.

Abstract. Numerous edge-of-field conservation practices use subsurface drainage water level control structures to monitor water levels and estimate discharge. In a control structure, procedures for calculating discharge when flow depth (head) exceeds the V-notch depth and overflows in the rectangular portion of the compound weir (CW) are ambiguous. In this study, we developed calibration equations for V-notch weirs in Agri Drain inline water level control structures of different sizes for flows within the V-notch and overtopping flow events. The discharge equation for overtopping events (QCW, L s-1) was determined as: QCW = a1(hb1-h1
b1)+a2(We-Wv)h1
b2, where h and h1 are heads above vertex/bottom and top of V-notch (cm), respectively, W is the effective crest width of rectangular weir (cm), Wv is the top width of V-notch (cm), a1 and b1 are parameters for V-notch weir obtained by calibration, and a2 and b2 are calibration parameters for rectangular weir obtained from literature. Results were compared with a weir equation available in the literature (QV+R), which combines a V-notch equation with a head equal to V-depth and a rectangular weir equation for flow above V-depth. Discharge at overflow was estimated with high accuracy with QCW, whereas QV+R underestimated discharge (e.g., PBIAS of 0.67% vs. 17.82% for a 15.2 cm structure). An example using QV+R resulted in a 14% lower annual estimation of nitrate-N load diverted to a saturated buffer than QCW due to underestimation of drainage discharge during overflow events. Results suggest that the developed equation (QCW) accurately estimates discharge and will thus improve the estimated N load compared to QV+R. Keywords: Compound weir, Flow monitoring, Subsurface drainage, V-notch weir, Water level control structure, Weir calibration.
The Platonic Epistles and Fanaticism in the History of Philosophy: Meiners, Tiedemann, and Kant
Authors: Osorio Peter
Published: August 2024

summary: In the early controversy over the Platonic Epistles , a certain type of argument for inauthenticity gained popularity: the character of Plato we find in them is unbefitting a philosopher, so the letters must be later forgeries. Despite the known limitations of this argument type, historians of philosophy in the late eighteenth century gradually extended its use to cases in which “Plato” seems to be a fanatic ( Schwärmer ), a contemporary slur leveled by sober professionals against amateur philosophers pretending to revelation. Given the shortcomings of this kind of argument from character , I aim to account for its popularization by placing it within larger disciplinary trends. Unlike other reasons for doubting authenticity (such as anachronism, inconsistency, and contradiction), the argument from character allows the critic to editorialize about philosophical norms. Accordingly, arguing from character in the context of the Epistles became a means of responding to Kant’s critical philosophy. This paper thus argues that a bad argument for the inauthenticity of the Platonic Epistles proliferated because it was useful for a proxy war over how to do philosophy in the context of a nascent and professionalizing discipline, the history of philosophy.
Beyond the Ukrainian Crisis: Prospects for U.S./Japan Foreign Policy Coordination Towards Central Asia
Authors: Dadabaev Timur
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Russia's invasion of Ukraine has shaken up international relations in Eurasia as major powers vie for influence in the region. In the face of an intensification of Russian and Chinese efforts to dominate the Central Asian region, closer policy coordination between Japan and the United States in Central Asia is recommended, not just to counter Russian and Chinese dominance in the region, but also to support the establishment of greater Central Asian regional agency in dealing with foreign affairs.
The Limits of Advisory Opinions in the Pursuit of Climate Justice through International Courts
Authors: Robinson Stacy-ann , Bertan Eli
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In March 2023, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 77/276, requesting an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion (AO) on State responsibility for climate change. Many scholars have expressed skepticism about the impact of advisory proceedings on countries' compliance with international climate obligations. Based on a review of past ICJ AOs, we concur that these judicial statements have had marginal effects on State behavior, which is important when forecasting the ability of international courts to compel States to take climate action. However, an overlooked factor is the limited role of science in previous ICJ AOs, which will be a critical consideration for future international climate litigation. This article thus identifies two urgent needs. The first is an exposition of how the ICJ should evolve its approach to science by both increasing its role in future AOs and better accounting for diverse forms of knowledge. The second is for the Court to deliver an AO that clearly establishes State responsibility to protect present and future generations against climate change.
The Geoeconomic Faultlines of the Clean Energy Transition
Authors: Werker Eric , Li Jing
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The clean energy transition, driven by both government intervention and technological progress, will profoundly alter geopolitics and business. Unlike the oil era, clean energy heralds lower margins and geographic decentralization. Cleantech's demand for innovation will intensify U.S.-China competition for technological supremacy, galvanizing techno-nationalism. States will deepen regional integration and forge minilateral alliances that reflect their geopolitical interests when developing green energy supply chains. Cleantech will also empower subnational communities, which will enjoy greater energy independence and more control over mineral extraction. Meanwhile, firms that can leverage cleantech's key sources of competitive advantage—economies of scale, corporate diplomacy, multinationalism, and business model innovation—will lead the energy sector. To navigate the green transition, states must delicately balance the demands of national interests with the drive for higher efficiency and more rapid innovation arising from global markets.