bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La calidad del trabajo en los centros de atención telefónica alemanes
Authors: WEINKOPF Claudia
Published: March 2010

El trabajo con salario bajo viene difundiéndose en Alemania desde 1995, y los empleadores encuentran a menudo escapatorias para sortear las normas y ahorrar costos laborales. La autora resume seis estudios realizados en otros tantos centros de atención telefónica (en empresas de servicios públicos y de servicios financieros) sobre la influencia institucional — sobre todo, los convenios colectivos salariales y los comités de empresa — en la organización y retribución del trabajo y en otras condiciones laborales. Explica las grandes variaciones salariales que hay en este ramo en Alemania y las consecuencias que tiene al respecto la subcontratación a proveedores externos.
Primary stability measurements of single implants in the midline of the edentulous mandible for overdentures
Authors: Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. , De Silva Rohana K. , Thomson W. Murray , Payne Alan G. T.
Published: March 2010

Objectives: To determine the primary stability of the Southern wide diameter (8 mm) implants, Neoss regular diameter (4 mm) implants, and Southern regular diameter (3.75 mm) implants placed in the midline of edentulous mandibles for single‐implant overdentures. Variables related to host site and implant characteristics were investigated to determine their influence on the primary stability of the implants.

Materials and methods: A total of 36 implants were placed in the midline symphysis of the edentulous mandibles of 36 participants. Their primary stability was then measured using the magnetic Osstell mentor device. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) scores with one‐way ANOVA for multiple comparisons.

Results: The highest measurement (ISQ) of primary stability was for the Southern 8 mm wide diameter implants (84.8, SD 9.8), followed by the Neoss 4 mm regular diameter (82.3, SD 4.8) implants and the Southern 3.75 mm regular diameter implants (75.3, SD 8.4), respectively. The Southern 3.75 mm regular diameter implants had a significantly lower mean ISQ value than the same system 8 mm wide diameter (P=0.004) and the Neoss 4 mm regular diameter implants (P=0.03). No significant differences were observed between the 8 mm and the 4 mm diameter implants (P>0.05).

Conclusions: Host‐site variables such as age, gender, bone volume, and quality do not appear to influence the primary stability of the implants. No clear correlation was established between ISQ values and implant diameter.

To cite this article:
 Alsabeeha NHM, De Silva RK, Thomson WM, Payne AGT. Primary stability measurements of single implants in the midline of the edentulous mandible for overdentures. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 563–566. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01890.x
Microgeographic genetic isolation in chub (Cyprinidae: Squalius cephalus) population of the Durance River: estimating fragmentation by dams
Authors: Dehais C. , Eudeline R. , Berrebi P. , Argillier C.
Published: March 2010

Dehais C, Eudeline R, Berrebi P, Argillier C. Microgeographic genetic isolation in chub (Cyprinidae: Squalius cephalus) population of the Durance River: estimating fragmentation by dams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 267–278. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Weirs and dams are wide spread throughout the world’s river systems. The most direct effect of these barriers is the limitation of organism movements, i.e., the alteration of connectivity by fragmentation of the aquatic habitat. Whereas the impact of fragmentation on migratory fish species has been well studied, insights on nonmigratory species are still needed. In particular, knowledge on the effects of dams on cyprinid populations at the watershed scale is lacking. Therefore, we studied the genetic structure of eleven chub (Squalius cephalus) samples lined up in the highly fragmented Durance River (France). Using five microsatellite loci, we show that even if the overall genetic differentiation is low, isolation by distance does occur and that genetic diversity increases from upstream to downstream. Dams seem to participate jointly with waterway distance in the explanation of this pattern. However more precise conclusions cannot be made. Guidance for future studies are given.
WHY IS THE TAKE‐UP OF MICROINSURANCE SO LOW? EVIDENCE FROM A HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME IN INDIA
Authors: ITO Seiro , KONO Hisaki
Published: March 2010

Insurance for the poor, called microinsurance, has recently drawn the attention of practitioners in developing countries. There are common problems among the various schemes: (1) low take‐up rates, (2) high claim rates, and (3) low renewal rates. In the present paper, we investigate take‐up decisions using household data collected in Karnataka, India, focusing on prospect theory, hyperbolic preference, and adverse selection. Prospect theory presumes that people behave in a risk‐averse way when evaluating gains but in a risk‐loving way when evaluating losses. Because insurance covers losses, the risk‐loving attitude toward losses might explain the low take‐up rates, and we find weak empirical support for this. Households with hyperbolic preference were more likely to purchase insurance, consistent with our theoretical prediction of demand for commitment. We also find some evidence on the existence of adverse selection: households with a higher ratio of sick members were more likely to purchase insurance.
Introduction to the Special Section: Measurement Equivalence in Child Development Research
Authors: Knight George P. , Zerr Argero A.
Published: March 2010

Abstract— Debates among developmental scientists regarding the meaning of a set of empirical findings often revolve around the idea that the basic nature of the underlying construct may be different across developmental states or demographic groups. These debates demand greater consideration of the operational definition of underlying constructs at different developmental states or among subsets of the population. Furthermore, the analytical techniques used in the research involved in these debates generally presuppose the equivalence of measures across developmental states or groups. The purpose of this article is to describe why developmental researchers should be concerned with measurement issues, including item equivalence, functional and scalar equivalence, and equivalence of translated assessments. This article and the four subsequent articles that make up the Special Section of this issue of Child Development Perspectives provide “best practice” guidance for examining invariance and equivalence of measures across developmental changes, across age groups, and across groups who differ in participant characteristics.
Developing Multiple Language Versions of Instruments for Intercultural Research
Authors: Erkut Sumru
Published: March 2010

Abstract— This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of several translation techniques currently in use through the lens of emerging opinions on the science and ethics of intercultural research. Broad scientific and ethical dimensions relevant to translating instruments and a distinction between generating multiple language forms of two kinds of instruments are introduced: those in which wording in the source language cannot be altered and those in which constraints of the target language can lead to changes in the original instrument’s wording. Developmental psychologists engaged in intercultural research can consider techniques for minimizing the influence of Western perspectives while pursuing conceptual equivalence in order to satisfy science’s concern for internal validity of translated instruments.
Informed Theory and Measurement Equivalence in Child Development Research
Authors: Knight George P. , Zerr Argero A.
Published: March 2010

Abstract— The role of theory informed by the nature of the population being studied is often overlooked in considering the equivalence of measures across developmental changes, across groups that differ in developmental status, or across groups that differ in participant characteristics. The purpose of this article is to discuss the “best practice” approaches for evaluating measurement equivalence based on such informed theory. This article discusses the role of informed theory in the consideration of various types of measurement equivalence in developmental research, as well as equivalence of translated items and measures.
Unusual presentation of a hypoglossal nerve neurofibroma
Authors: Patel V. , McGurk M.
Published: March 2010

Neurofibromatosis type 1 genetic disorder is an inherited autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance and expressivity and occurs in one of every 2000–3300 live births. Neurofibromatosis type 2, on the other hand, afflicts only one in approximately 50 000 people. Within these patients, the frequency of intra‐oral involvement of neurofibromas has been reported in a range of 4–7%. Alternatively, neurofibromas in the oral cavity minus the presence of a neurofibromatosis disease has been documented but the prevalence is even less than stated earlier making a solitary neurofibroma of the tongue a rare occurrence. This article reports an unusual presentation of a neurofibroma masquerading as a lipoma with the tumour occurring at the base of the tongue.
Theatre times and delays in elective oral and maxillofacial lists
Authors: Aleid W. , Avery C.
Published: March 2010

Aim:  Cancelled operations are a major drain on hospital resources. The maxillofacial department at the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI) performs at least 14 elective operating sessions each week. A study reported that our cancellation rate or performance indicator (PI) was 0.3% at LR1. The most common reasons for cancellation of procedures at that time were lack of post‐operative beds and insufficient operating time. This study aimed to continue to develop a methodology for looking at this complex issue and to further investigate the reasons for delay to assess whether the system could be managed more efficiently.

Material and Methods:  In this study, the computerised theatre records system has been utilised to investigate the reasons for theatre delays. A retrospective analysis of data for 1212 patients treated in the 1 year period between December 2006 and December 2007 was performed.

Results and Conclusions:  Eight hundred and forty‐nine patients were treated on a day‐surgery basis, of which 710 were dentoalveolar procedures and 139 were other operations. The remaining 363 patients were treated as in‐patients of which 97 were oncological patients, 84 orthognathic, 35 salivary gland surgery, 65 traumas, and 82 other operations. Sixty‐four (5.28%) of these treatment episodes were logged as delayed. The main reasons for delays were related to the ward (17%) or anaesthetist (22%).The operating time consumed 74% of the overall time in theatre complex. The utilisation of operating time was much better for in‐patient operations (81%) than day‐surgery procedures (64%). Suggestions have been made to reduce theatre delays.
STATUES OF LIBYANS DEDICATED TO ONE OF THE ANCIENT LIBYAN GODS IN THE AREA OF TRIPOLITANIA
Authors: ELMAYER E. F.
Published: March 2010

abstract

Three small statues were found in the village of Zintan at Al Jabal al Gharbi, or West Mountain area, near Tripoli. They are made of local alabaster (marble) and are similar to others found in the Ancient Near East. Their height is 60 cm, their weight is 3 kg each. The purpose of the study was to clarify the identity of the statues, and to derive from them information on the civilisation of the ancient Libyans. It is concluded that the three statues can be dated to the first and second centuries AD. They represent gift-monuments (idols) dedicated to a Libyan god as a sacrifice or offering and were put in a temple, which may be a temple of the Libyan god, Amon, because Libyans built temples to him in various areas, such as Ojela, Siwa, Zawiat al Mahjoub. This preliminary analysis has been based only on the translation of the Punic inscriptions found on two of the sculptures, and further laboratory tests together with site investigation are needed.
THE FUNCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MUSIC IN TRAGEDY
Authors: SIFAKIS G. M.
Published: March 2010

Music is a kind of mimesis, Aristotle writes at the beginning of the Poetics, just like poetry and the visual arts. Therefore, the ‘seasoned language’ (hdusmenos logos) of tragedy is not a form of language embellished or made pleasurable by music, but a means of imitation enabled by music to represent - in the lyric parts of drama such as choral songs, soli and kommoi - what plain speach cannot express, viz. heightened emotion and bold characterization resulting from it. The significative connotations which music adds to language are due to the fact that Greek music was modal and traditional; its elements (modes, rhythms, melodies, tone colours) were considered (by Plato and Aristotle among others) to correspond with, and produce likenesses of, ethical qualities, and thus incite emotions appropriate to the latter.
TO BE AND NOT TO BE: PLINY's PARADOXICAL TRAJAN
Authors: REES ROGER
Published: March 2010

The style of the Panegyricus, proudly treasured by its author Pliny the Younger but condemned by modern readers, is integral to the speech's political ambition. Epigrammatic antithesis is employed frequently to highlight certain ethical paradoxes. This rhetorical device allows Pliny to characterise Trajan as uniquely qualified for imperial office; both military and civilian spheres are sketched. However, on the issue of Trajan's divinity, Pliny uses the speech's monumental length to obscure a more equivocal position. The Panegyricus negotiates a new - and influential - means of expression whilst adhering to the genre's celebration of the charismatic nature of imperial government.
GOD, SCIENCE, AND SOCRATES
Authors: JANKO RICHARD
Published: March 2010

In 415 BC a witch-hunt erupted in Athens. Its targets included intellectuals suspected of hostility to the traditional religion, but who, in fact, tried to reconcile it with the latest scientific theories about the universe, notably those of Anaxagoras. They did so by using allegory and etymology to interpret peculiar rites and sacred texts like the Orphic theogony. I argue that the recently reconstructed Derveni papyrus is a book by one of these intellectuals, the poet and sophist Diagoras of Melos, who was condemned to death in 415 for mocking the Eleusinian mysteries. The text proves that its author actually believed in a single, all-pervading and providential God. But most Athenians confused belief in new gods with belief in no gods at all. The new text, combined with evidence from Aristophanes's Clouds, Plato, and other sources, shows that Socrates himself was later executed for having held similar beliefs.
XENARCHUS, ALEXANDER, AND SIMPLICIUS ON SIMPLE MOTIONS, BODIES AND MAGNITUDES
Authors: HANKINSON R. J.
Published: March 2010

Aristotle accounted for the fundamental dynamics of the cosmos in terms of the tendencies of the various elements to distinct types of natural motions, and (in the case of the sublunary elements) to rest in their natural places. In so doing, he introduced a fifth element, the ether, with a natural and unceasing tendency to revolve, as the matter for the heavenly bodies. This paper deals with some of the objections raised to this model, and to its conceptual underpinnings, raised by Xenarchus of Seleuceia, an unorthodox Peripatetic of the 1st century BC, and of the attempts of later philosophers to rebut them. In so doing it casts light on a little-known, but historically important and interesting, episode in the development of physical dynamics.
THEATRE, PERFORMANCE AND THEATRICALITY IN SOME MOSAIC PAVEMENTS FROM ANTIOCH
Authors: HUSKINSON JANET
Published: March 2010

This paper reconsiders four pavements from houses in or around Antioch on the Orontes which are generally recognised to have had some association with plays or the theatre. The ‘Red Pavement’ and the mosaic of ‘Iphigencia’ have been taken to illustrate the texts of particular plays by Euripides; scenes in the ‘House of Dionysus and Ariadne’ show satyrs in theatrical costume; and a triclinium mosaic from the House of Menander portrays the playwright himself. It views them in the light of some current interpretative approaches based on ‘theatricality’ and ‘performance’ and the decoration of houses. Through detailed analysis of each case it shows how their images provide further evidence of the cultural life of Antioch and for the interests and aspirations of elite patrons.
TWO LEXICOGRAPHICAL NOTES
Authors: SANDIN PÄR
Published: March 2010

Two unrelated words are examined with the aid of the electronic Thesaurus (TLG). Full corpora of the words and their derivates are given in an Appendix. We find that the evidence for the sense of is less certain than has been commonly believed: the supposed instance in Herod. 2.70 is actually ; other alleged instances are due to editorial mistakes or interpolations. The original sense is likely to have been ‘pure’ (so Hsch. α 4227). originally meant ‘eulogy’, ‘invocation’, being a verbal noun to : so, e.g., Call. Ap. 98, fr. 384.39, A.R. 2.713, Ath. 15.701c, Ph. 1.535. Due to the common use of invocations as refrains to hymns and similar, the noun took on this sense in scholarly discourse, a semantic process explained by Hephaéstion in a passage that has been insufficiently understood (Poëm. 7.1).
OVID'S VARIATIONS ON ACHILLES IN THE METAMORPHOSES
Authors: GALASSO LUIGI
Published: March 2010

In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Achilles' function, in a way, is to set up a common element for all the episodes of the Trojan War that are narrated or alluded to. He embodies in the most emblematic way the protagonist of epic poetry, a character that is a symbol for the heroic epos. The episodes which concern him are discussed, in order to demonstrate that the hasty and simplistic portrayal of him that has been given by many critics is inappropriate, and we should avoid defining, him as a merely negative figure. Actually, the structure of the narration should be perceived as a series of independent scenes. Unity is given by the constantly recurring theme of fame, of glory, which ultimately moulds life. Hence the absolutely decisive role of the poet who creates this reality.
ELEMENTARY LOGIC IN THE ANCIENT WORLD
Authors: HUBY PAMELA M.
Published: March 2010

In the ancient world most educated people, including medical men and lawyers, studied some elementary logic. The formal study began in Plato's Academy, and can be traced through to Boethius, and so into the Middle Ages. Many works seem to have been written to be memorized by students. Evidence comes, among others, from Aristotle, Apuleius, and Galen, and from a variety of anonymous sources, including some papyri. The views of the Peripatetics and the Stoics, originally different, coalesced, and later handbooks covered both at an elementary level. The origin of the concept of a syllogistic mood is obscure: it may have existed for some time before appearing first in Apuleius.
EVIDENCE FOR THEOPHRASTUS ON HAIR, ON SECRETION, ON WINE AND OLIVE-OIL?
Authors: SHARPLES R. W.
Published: March 2010

[Aristotle], Problemata inedita books 2–3 Bussemaker (of which the former = [Alexander of Aphrodisias, Problemata book 4 Usener) includes some thematically grouped sections which include a large number of items also found in the [Aristotle] Problems included in Bekker's edition, and others which do not. The subjects of some of the latter correspond to the titles of three lost works by Theophrastus. Given the use of works by Theophrastus in the Bekker Problems, and of his On Dizziness in the Bussemaker Problems, the possibility suggests itself that material from the three lost works too may be present in the Bussemaker Problems. The present paper examines this possibility — which must inevitably remain speculative — and also examines the doctrinal basis of these sections of the Problems.
MUSICOTERAPIA E CATARSI IN TEOFRASTO
Authors: MATELLI ELISABETTA
Published: March 2010

Si propone una nuova interpetazione di Teofrasto, Historia Plantarum IV. 11.1–9 dedicato alla descrizione di due tipologie di ance per aulo: il passo è stato messo a confronto con le esperienze pratiche di costruzione e uso di questo tipo di imboccatura ancora vive in zone grecaniche della Calabria, documentate da fotografie e da una registrazione dei suoni (accessibili nella pagina web http:www.unicatt.itdocentimatelli). Anche in altre opere Teofrasto si è occupato dell'aulo per descriverne gli effetti terapeutici e catartici. Si approfondiscono le questioni musicali implicate in tali testimonianze (tipo di strumento musicale, concetti di ‘genere’, ‘amonia’, ‘ritmo’), offrendo alcune esemplificazioni esecutive nella pagina web attraverso il suono dell'aulo (suonato dal M.stro C. Crucitti). Infine la nozione di ‘catarsi’ viene studiata all'interno della filosofia di Teofrasto, dove fisiologia umana, psicologia, poetica e musica sono teoreticamente collegate in un sistema unitario. Particolare importanza viene data al collegamento dell'idea di ‘entusiasmo’ a quella di ‘catarsi’, entrambe esperienze sia fisiologiche che psichiche, e al tempo stesso ‘poetiche’: una intima unione collega l'esperienza poetico/estetica alla condizione psico-fisica dell'individuo.
APHRODITE AND HER BIRDS: THE ICONOLOGY OF PAGENSTECHER LEKYTHOI
Authors: TURNER MICHAEL
Published: March 2010

Five previously unpublished fourth-third century BC black figured Pagenstecher lekythoi are the catalyst for this iconological interpretation of the purpose and decoration of these enigmatic little oil vessels. Two are in the Nicholson Museum in Sydney and three in the Ure Museum in Reading (Figures 1–5; for their details see Appendix 1). All five are decorated with birds of various types and sizes. This paper discusses the prevalence of birds on Pagenstecher lekythoi and looks to identify them. In so doing, it looks at the problems associated with traditional iconographic approaches to such identifications. It then argues for a connection between the birds on Pagenstecher lekythoi and Aphrodite. Finally, it proposes a link between the goddess and the iconography of the lekythoi in general, as well as with their suggested contents and purpose.
THE ORIGO GENTIS ROMANAE: FACTS AND FICTIONS
Authors: SMITH C. J.
Published: March 2010

The authenticity of the fragments of Roman historiography contained in the Origo Gentis Romanae, a fourth century account of the beginnings of Rome, have been frequently called into question, notably by Peter, who excluded them from his collection of the Roman historical fragments, and by Jacoby in a famous article. Photius, Pseudo-Plutarch, and Fulgentius, among others, have been brought into the argument. This paper re-examines the nature of the citations in the Origo Gentis Romanae and, by looking at samples of the other works, offers a re-evaluation of their historical and historiographical worth.
A Fast Soluble Carbon-Free Molecular Water Oxidation Catalyst Based on Abundant Metals
Authors: Yin Qiushi , Tan Jeffrey Miles , Besson Claire , Geletii Yurii V. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Kuznetsov Aleksey E. , Luo Zhen , Hardcastle Ken I. , Hill Craig L.
Published: March 2010

Bulking Up Water Oxidation

Storing solar energy by water oxidation, in a process akin to photosynthesis, is a promising approach for building a renewable energy infrastructure. Unfortunately, many of the most active synthetic catalysts for this process fall prey to degradation by the generated oxygen.

Yin
et al.

(p.
342
, published online 11 March; see the Perspective by

Hurst

) used bulky polyoxometalate ligands to protect a catalytic cobalt center from this fate. The full complex was easily prepared by mixing proper ratios of inexpensive tungsten, cobalt, and phosphate salts in boiling water. After isolating and redissolving the catalyst in slightly basic aqueous solution, rapid oxygen generation was observed with a ruthenium-based oxidant.
Laboratory Feeding and Growth.of Juvenile Sablefish,Anoplopoma fimbria
Authors: Shenker Jonathan M. , Olla Bori L.
Published: March 2010

We collected wild juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) from the neuston off Oregon and established them in laboratory culture. Growth was determined weekly for up to 8 wk for fish over a size range of 35–110 mm SL (0.3–16.5 g) when provided with one of two live prey species at four ration levels. Fish were fed either mysid shrimp, Archaeomysis grebnitzkii, or adult brine shrimp, Artemia salina, at ration sizes of 10, 20, and 30% wet body weight/d, and with ad libitum availability of food. Fish provided with mysids at a given ration size generally had mean daily length and weight increments higher than those achieved with Artemia at the same ration. Superiority of the mysids for promoting growth was primarily due to their higher dry to wet weight ratio. Gross conversion efficiencies exceeding 40% were achieved on low rations of mysid prey. Peak growth exceeding 2 mm/d and 1.0 g/d establishes juvenile neustonic sablefish among the fastest growing juvenile fishes yet examined.
Régime alimentaire et principaux facteurs influençant l'alimentation des larves de capelan (Mallotus villosus), d'éperlan (Osmerus mordax) et de hareng (Clupea harengus harengus) dans un estuaire partiellement mélangé
Authors: Courtois R. , Dodson J. J.
Published: March 2010

The food and feeding rate periodicity of larvae of capelin (Mallotus villiosus), smelt (Osmerus mordax), and herring (Clupea harengus harengus) were studied to determine the existence of potential interactions between the larvae of these three species. Analyses of the gut contents showed that larvae of capelin started to feed before yolk sac absorption but that the feeding rate was low (<20%) in the lower St. Lawrence estuary; the small size of capelin larvae restricted their feeding to tintinnids. Larvae of the two other species feed at a greater rate than capelin larvae and their food is more diverse. The temporal sequence of feeding incidences showed daily cycles for the three species and semidiurnal cycles for larvae of capelin and herring. The importance of light for feeding of larvae was confirmed by the daily cycles and by the greater abundance of larvae with gut contents in surface waters (0–20 m). From the absence of a relation between biotic factors (density of larvae) and the temporal evolution of feeding incidences, we suggest that semidiurnal cycles are mainly related to temperature changes associated with advection of water masses at the sampling stations. Even though similar reactions to certain environmental variables were observed, we concluded that interspecific competition is minimal between larvae of the three species. Although present at the same stations, larvae of different species mainly occurred in distinct water masses; they are also mainly of different size. Those characteristics force them to exploit organisms of different size and mainly of different species.
Model of Monthly Marine Growth and Natural Mortality for Babine Lake Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Furnell Donald J. , Brett J. R.
Published: March 2010

Monthly marine growth and natural mortality rates were calculated for each major life history type of Babine Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and compared with estimates by other methods. Growth rates were based on sizes at the beginning and end of each marine year and adjusted according to seasonal changes in environmental temperature. Temperature effects were derived from information on growth responses of cultured fish. Mortality estimates were based on a model which equates mortality rate to an inverse function of weight. Monthly sizes determined from the growth model were substituted into the mortality model, together with estimates of smolt and adult runs (catch plus escapement), to examine the population dynamics of an average Babine Lake smolt cohort. Using these predictions we suggest that 90% of natural mortality occurred during the first 4 mo at sea.
Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Leucocytes in the Stress Response of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus
Authors: Thomson C. A. , Geraci J. R.
Published: March 2010

The activity associated with capturing, restraining, and removing bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from water stimulates a stress response as reflected by circulating cortisol, aldosterone, and eosinophils. Serum cortisol increased from resting levels of about 30 to 110 nmol/L within 1 h, aldosterone rose from less than 280 pmol/L to up to 1880 pmol/L within 3 h, and circulating eosinophils were depressed to less than 40% of their initial numbers within 7 h after the animals were removed from water (calm-capture). This basic response was not enhanced when the capture procedure was prolonged for 3 h (chase-capture) or when the dolphins were given adrenocorticotropic hormone and was similar to that observed in free-ranging dolphins after they had been held in a net for up to 5 h. Eosinophil numbers appear to be a consistent and practical indicator of stress in dolphins.
Artificial Selection on Growth and Correlated Selection on Competitive Behaviour in Fish
Authors: Doyle Roger W. , Talbot André J.
Published: March 2010

There is widespread concern that artificial selection for rapid growth will indirectly select for aggressive fish, thus nullifying genetic stock improvement programs based on selection. We show that this unfortunate result is highly unlikely. The argument is based on a game-theoretic analysis of two general features of fish competition: (1) the growth of some individuals is often suppressed even when food is abundant and (2) the behaviour of a fish towards other members of a population depends on its relative size. The commonsense view that growth rate selection favours aggressive fish is shown to be correct only when aggressive behaviour is independent of relative size and resources are severely limited. In experimental and aquaculture environments, growth rate selection is shown to favour a decrease in the value of both aggressive and submissive behaviour, i.e. fish which ignore each other. Artificial selection for rapid growth will therefore indirectly select for tameness, not aggression.
Undrained volume and stress change behavior of unsaturated very dense sands
Authors: Dusseault Maurice B.
Published: March 2010

The one-dimensional form of Skempton's B equation is inadequate to describe the behavior of cohesionless materials with pore fluids that contain large quantities of free and dissolved gas. Fredlund derived the compressibility of an air–water pore fluid in terms of the ideal gas laws, gas solubilities, and saturations. This paper extends the derivation of the compressibility of pore fluids, and couples the compressibility with that of the soil skeleton (e – σ′ relationship) to extend Skempton's equation to the most general one-dimensional undrained case. The differential equation derived is studied for the specific case of unloading behavior of oil sands: a very dense relatively incompressible quartzose sand, which contains sufficient volumes of interstitial bitumen to result in undrained behavior. The behavior of these materials, which have stiffnesses approaching that of water, can be qualitatively understood by means of a spring model: the stiffest spring (either pore fluid or soil skeleton) absorbs most of the stress change, and the stiffness of the springs change with changing total stress level.Practical application of the concepts herein should not be difficult for soils having very compressible skeletons, but for very dense sands, the derivation of the appropriate e – σ′ relationship is very difficult. Other system parameters that have a great effect on the behavior are the gas saturation, the gas solubility coefficients, and the initial stress conditions.
Riverbank erosion and recession in the Ottawa area
Authors: Williams D. R. , Romeril P. M. , Mitchell R. J.
Published: March 2010

Landsliding has been a major problem to property owners and developers along the Ottawa River and its tributaries. A study of aerial photographs of a section of the Ottawa River near Ottawa, taken over a period of nearly 50 years, has identified a cyclic relationship between the processes of erosion, landsliding, and riverbank recession. Using detailed measurements of topographic maps and of contours plotted from the aerial photographs, a physical model has been proposed to describe the erosion–landsliding cycle. For the area under study the average cycle return period is estimated to be about 60 years, and the long-term rate of riverbank recession is about 0.4 m/year.
Upstream slope protection for earth dams in the Prairie Provinces
Authors: Peters N. , Towle J. E.
Published: March 2010

A survey of the slope protection on 62 dams in the Prairie Provinces was undertaken to relate the field performance to design and construction practices. The slope protection included riprap, gravel, and glacial clay. The dams were earthfill embankments, which varied from 5 to 65 m in height, and impounded reservoirs with fetches of 1–35 km.The study involved the measurement of slopes and profiles, rock and particle sizes, voids, layer thicknesses, and the rating of the riprap condition. It also required the calculation of reservoir straight line and effective fetches, the application of existing wind data, and the estimation of significant wave heights.The observations indicated that 75% of the rock riprap was in good to excellent condition, 20% in fair condition, and 5% in poor condition. Unsatisfactory performance was due to thin riprap layers and uniform rock size, which did not provide a sufficiently dense cover for the bedding gravel. Also, some of the earlier designs, which utilized a straight line fetch criterion, had resulted in the underdesign of riprap for wide or circular reservoirs. Effective fetch calculations provided a more accurate measure of the exposure of the dam. Gravel and glacial clay slopes were found to provide economical slope protection where allowances had been made for flat slopes, adequate layer thickness, and periodic maintenance.Empirical procedures have been developed for the design and construction control of slope protection for small dams. A more rational design procedure, based on effective fetch and regional wind conditions, is proposed for riprap on large dams.
Settlement of embankments and structures at Vancouver International Airport
Authors: Bertok J.
Published: March 2010

This paper presents a case record of the settlement observations of road approach embankment and bridge and overpass abutments built on deep, soft, compressible, deltaic deposits at Vancouver International Airport. The field data are analysed, the observed settlements are compared with calculated predictions, and conclusions are presented. Key words: road embankment, bridge abutment, settlement, observation, prediction, interpretation.
Theoretical solutions for axial deformation of drilled shafts in rock
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Armitage H. H.
Published: March 2010

A theoretical examination of a number of factors affecting the behaviour of drilled piers in soft rock is presented. Firstly, the fundamental difference between tests commonly used for determining the peak average side shear resistance along a socketed pier is discussed. Secondly, the effect of interface strength parameters, dilatancy, and the relative Young's modulus of the pier and rock upon the average mobilized side shear resistance is examined. Thirdly, a series of theoretical solutions are presented in the form of design charts to provide a simple means of estimating the load—deflection response of piers both before and after full slip has developed along the pier shaft. Finally, the effect of weak horizontal seams adjacent to the pier is considered. Key words: drilled shafts, piers, piles, rock, theory, settlement, displacement, analysis.
A design method for drilled piers in soft rock
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Armitage H. H.
Published: March 2010

A new procedure for the design of drilled piers socketed into soft rock is presented and the selection of design parameters discussed. The design method is based on (1) satisfying a specified design settlement criterion and (2) checking to ensure that there is an adequate factor of safety against collapse. The design allows consideration of the possibility of some slip occurring at the pier–rock interface under working load conditions.The design procedure is illustrated by a series of detailed calculations relating to two piers in Queenston shale and the observed behaviour of these piers is compared with design expectations. It is shown that these piers satisfied the design settlement criterion while having a significant proven factor of safety against collapse. Key words: rock, piers, piles, settlement, bearing capacity, design.
Influence of installation method on the behaviour of rigid piles in clay subjected to moment and horizontal load
Authors: Sastry V. V. R. N. , Meyerhof G. G.
Published: March 2010

The lateral soil pressure distribution, pile capacity, and displacements of instrumented single rigid bored piles subjected to pure moment and horizontal load have been investigated. The influence of method of pile installation on the above parameters is studied by comparing the behaviour of bored piles with that of jacked piles. It was concluded that the method of installation has practically no effect so far as the net lateral soil pressures and pile capacity are concerned, but the displacements may be up to three times larger for a bored pile than for a jacked pile under working loads. Key words: clay, horizontal load, installation, model test, moment, pile.
Measurement of soil water content using the combined time-domain reflectometry – thermal conductivity probe
Authors: Baker T. H. W. , Goodrich L. E.
Published: March 2010

A two-pronged metal probe measures the thermal conductivity and apparent dielectric constant of soils in the laboratory and in the field. One prong acts as a transient line heat source probe in measuring thermal conductivity. The apparent dielectric constant of the soil is determined by the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, using both prongs as a parallel transmission line. Volumetric water content is determined from the apparent dielectric constant, making use of an empirical relation valid for most soils. For volumetric water contents above about 8%, the apparent dielectric constant shows a strong dependence on water content and relatively small changes can be measured; sensitivity increases with water content. For volumetric water contents less than 8%, a soil-dependent empirical relation between water content and thermal conductivity has been developed that is most sensitive at lower water contents. The combined probe provides a means of monitoring the water content of soils over a wide range of values, in the field and in the laboratory. Key words: soil water content, time-domain reflectometry, thermal conductivity.
The Denholm landslide, Saskatchewan, Canada, an update
Authors: Sauer E. Karl , Christiansen E. A.
Published: March 2010

The lower block of the Denholm landslide has moved 370 m over alluvium deposited by the North Saskatchewan spillway and river during the last 11 500 years at an average rate of 32 mm/year. These values must be considered minimal because erosion of the toe of the landslide is required for the formation of retrogressive landslides. The shear strength for the bedrock clay (shale) of the Lea Park Formation was back calculated to be [Formula: see text] assuming zero cohesion. Key words: retrogressive landslide, clay shale, residual strength, movement rates, geological age, inclinometer.
THE EFFECTIVE ACTION AND EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF CURVED LOCAL AND GLOBAL VORTICES: ROLE OF THE FIELD EXCITATIONS
Authors: KOZHEVNIKOV A. A.
Published: March 2010

The effective actions for both local and global curved vortices are derived based on the derivative expansion of the corresponding field theoretic actions of the nonrelativistic Abelian Higgs and Goldstone models. The role of excitations of the modulus and the phase of the scalar field and of the gauge field (the Bogolyubov-Anderson mode) emitted and reabsorbed by vortices is elucidated. In the case of the local (gauge) magnetic vortex, they are necessary for cancellation of the long distance divergence when using the transverse form of the electric gauge field strength of the background field. In the case of global vortex taking them into account results in the Greiter–Wilczek–Witten form of the effective action for the Goldstone mode. The expressions for transverse Magnus-like force and the vortex effective mass for both local and global vortices are found. The equations of motion of both type of vortices including the terms due to the field excitations are obtained and solved in cases of large and small contour displacements.
FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL STATES WITH NEGATIVE FLUX: EDGE MODES IN SOME ABELIAN AND NON-ABELIAN CASES
Authors: MILOVANOVIĆ M. V. , JOLICOEUR TH.
Published: March 2010

We investigate the structure of gapless edge modes propagating at the boundary of some fractional quantum Hall states. We show how to deduce explicit trial wavefunctions from the knowledge of the effective theory governing the edge modes. In general, quantum Hall states have many edge states. Here, we discuss the case of fractions having only two such modes. The case of spin-polarized and spin-singlet states at filling fraction ν = 2/5 is considered. We give an explicit description of the decoupled charged and neutral modes. Then we discuss the situation involving negative flux acting on the composite fermions. This happens notably for the filling factor ν = 2/3 which supports two counterpropagating modes. Microscopic wavefunctions for spin-polarized and spin-singlet states at this filling factor are given. Finally, we present an analysis of the edge structure of a non-Abelian state involving also negative flux. Counterpropagating modes involve, in all cases, explicit derivative operators diminishing the angular momentum of the system.
A SEMI-ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR BENDING, BUCKLING, AND FREE VIBRATION ANALYSES OF SANDWICH PANELS WITH SQUARE-HONEYCOMB CORES
Authors: LIU J. , CHENG Y. S. , LI R. F. , AU F. T. K.
Published: March 2010

A semi-analytical method for bending, global buckling, and free vibration analyses of sandwich panels with square-honeycomb cores is presented. The discrete geometric nature of the square-honeycomb core is taken into account by treating the core sheets as thin beams and the sandwich panel as composite structure of plates and beams with proper displacement compatibility. Based on the classical model of sandwich panels, the governing equations of motion of the discrete structure are derived using Hamilton's principle. Closed-form solutions are developed for bending, global buckling, and free vibration of simply supported square-honeycomb sandwich panels by employing Fourier series and the Galerkin approach. Results from the proposed method agree well with available results in the literature and those from detailed finite element analysis. The effects of various geometric parameters of the sandwich panel on its behavior are investigated. The present method provides an efficient way of analysis and optimization of sandwich panels with square-honeycomb cores.
PUSHOVER ANALYSIS BY ONE ELEMENT PER MEMBER FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN
Authors: LIU S. W. , LIU Y. P. , CHAN S. L.
Published: March 2010

Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis is an effective and simple tool for evaluating the seismic response of structures and offers an attractive choice for the performance-based design. As such, it has generally been used in modern design due to its practicality. However, the nonlinear plastic design method consumes extensive computational effort for practical structures under numerous load cases. Thus, an efficient element capturing the nonlinear behavior of a beam-column will be useful. In this paper, the authors propose a practical pushover analysis procedure using a single element per member for seismic design. As an improvement to previous research works, both P – Δ and P – δ effects as well as initial imperfections in global and member levels are considered. Therefore, the section capacity check without the assumption of effective length is adequate for present design and the conventional individual element design is avoided. The uncertainty of the buckling effects and effective length method can be eliminated and so a more economical design can be achieved. Two benchmark steel frames of three-storey and nine-storey in FEMA 440 were analyzed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
FINITE TRIGONOMETRIC CHARACTER SUMS VIA DISCRETE FOURIER ANALYSIS
Authors: BECK MATTHIAS , HALLORAN MARY
Published: March 2010

We prove several old and new theorems about finite sums involving characters and trigonometric functions. These sums can be traced back to theta function identities from Ramanujan's notebooks and were first systematically studied by Berndt and Zaharescu where their proofs involved complex contour integration. We show how to prove most of Berndt–Zaharescu's and some new identities by elementary methods of discrete Fourier analysis.
HYPERGEOMETRIC ZETA FUNCTIONS
Authors: HASSEN ABDUL , NGUYEN HIEU D.
Published: March 2010

This paper investigates a new family of special functions referred to as hypergeometric zeta functions. Derived from the integral representation of the classical Riemann zeta function, hypergeometric zeta functions exhibit many properties analogous to their classical counterpart, including the intimate connection to Bernoulli numbers. These new properties are treated in detail and are used to demonstrate a functional inequality satisfied by second-order hypergeometric zeta functions.
ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN LEVEL ONE MOCK MODULAR FORMS
Authors: BOYLAN MATTHEW
Published: March 2010

In a recent work, Bringmann and Ono [4] show that Ramanujan's f(q) mock theta function is the holomorphic projection of a harmonic weak Maass form of weight 1/2. In this paper, we extend the work of Ono in [13]. In particular, we study holomorphic projections of certain integer weight harmonic weak Maass forms on SL 2(ℤ) using Hecke operators and the differential theta-operator.
CONGRUENCES SATISFIED BY APÉRY-LIKE NUMBERS
Authors: CHAN HENG HUAT , COOPER SHAUN , SICA FRANCESCO
Published: March 2010

In this article, we investigate congruences satisfied by Apéry-like numbers.
Regulation of human epithelial tight junction proteins by Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and protective effects on the epithelial barrier
Authors: Karczewski Jurgen , Troost Freddy J. , Konings Irene , Dekker Jan , Kleerebezem Michiel , Brummer Robert-Jan M. , Wells Jerry M.
Published: March 2010

Lactobacillus plantarum , a commensal bacterium of humans, has been proposed to enhance the intestinal barrier, which is compromised in a number of intestinal disorders. To study the effect of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 on human barrier function, healthy subjects were administered L. plantarum or placebo in the duodenum for 6 h by means of a feeding catheter. The scaffold protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and transmembrane protein occludin were found to be significantly increased in the vicinity of the tight-junction (TJ) structures, which form the paracellular seal between cells of the epithelium. In an in vitro model of the human epithelium, L. plantarum induced translocation of ZO-1 to the TJ region; however, the effects on occludin were minor compared with those seen in vivo. L. plantarum was shown to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling, and treatment of Caco-2 monolayers with the TLR2 agonist Pam3-Cys-SK4(PCSK) significantly increased fluorescent staining of occludin in the TJ. Pretreatment of Caco-2 monolayers with L. plantarum or PCSK significantly attenuated the effects of phorbol ester-induced dislocation of ZO-1 and occludin and the associated increase in epithelial permeability. Our results identifying commensal bacterial stimulation of TLR2 in the gut epithelium as a regulator of epithelial integrity have important implications for understanding probiotic mechanisms and the control of intestinal homeostasis.