bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the genus Amphimonhystera Allgén, 1929 (Monhysterida: Xyalidae, Marine Freeliving Nematodes) with description of three new species
Authors: TCHESUNOV ALEXEI V. , MOKIEVSKY VADIM O.
Published: February 2019

Four of the six known Amphimonhystera species are either redescribed or described including, A. galea Fadeeva, 1984, A. marisalbi sp. n., A. molloyensis sp. n. and A. pallida sp. n. (the two former species from the White Sea, Northern Russia and the two latter species from the Arctic deep sea). Generic diagnosis is emended and a pictorial key for identification of Amphimonhystera species is constructed. Characters of Amphimonhystera and some problems with Xyalidae taxonomy are discussed. Generotype A. anechma differs significantly from the other five Amphimonhystera species by having a tail tip devoid of terminal setae. A. marisalbi sp. n. is most similar to A. galea in general appearance and structural characters but differs from the latter by very low inner labial sensilla, lesser number of setae in the cephalic crown as well as by shorter setae of the cephalic crown and tail terminal setae. A. molloyensis sp. n. is distinctly separated from both A. galea and A. pallida sp. n. by very short setae of the cephalic circle and by proximal position of the amphids. A. pallida sp. n. differs from the more similar A. molloyensis sp. n. by a smaller and less elongate amphid and a longer distance from the anterior end to the amphid. The differences between A. pallida sp. n. and A. galea are shorter setae of the cephalic circle and a longer distance from the anterior end to the amphid.
A new species of treefrog (Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Authors: RICHARDS STEPHEN J.
Published: February 2019

Litoria singadanae sp. nov. is described from lower montane rainforest on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. It is a moderately small green frog (two males 29.0–29.1 mm, a female 34.6 mm SV) with long limbs (TL/SV 0.55–0.60), extensively webbed fingers, and a large and prominent tympanum. The new species is unique among Australopapuan hylid frogs in possessing a transparent tympanic membrane. It is known only from the type locality at an altitude of 1280 m asl.
Chromosomal and morphological taxonomy of larvae of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand
Authors: PHASUK J. , CHANPAISAENG J. , ADLER P. H. , COURTNEY G. W.
Published: February 2019

The larvae of 12 species of Simulium in the subgenus Gomphostilbia in Thailand, including one species newly recorded from Thailand (Simulium novemarticulatum) and four undescribed species, were analyzed chromosomally. All larvae had a chromosomal complement of n = 3. Positions of landmarks in the IIS arm, specifically the positions of the bulge and the ring of Balbiani, permitted the identification of most species, including some that were morphologically indistinguishable. Species with the IIS landmarks in similar positions differed in larval morphology. The combination of chromosomal landmarks in the IIS arm and selected structural features, especially the form of the cuticular setae on the larval abdomen and the configuration of the postgenal cleft and gill histoblast, permitted accurate identification of all 12 species. The larva and pupa of S. novemarticulatum are characterized for the first time.
A revision of the genus Xenochilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae), with the description of a new species
Authors: GENARO JULIO A. , PACKER LAURENCE
Published: February 2019

The bee genus Xenochilicola (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) is revised. Three species are recognized, with one described as new: X. haroldotoroi, only known from males. Xenochilicola fulva is proposed as a new junior synonym of X. diminuta. A key to species is provided.
A new species of "Lithasia"(Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Harpeth River, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Authors: MINTON RUSSELL L. , SAVARESE STEVEN P. , CAMPBELL DAVID C.
Published: February 2019

A species of pleurocerid snail, Lithasia spicula sp. nov., is described from two groups of specimens taken from the Harpeth River, Tennessee near Bellevue. The species resembles Li. armigera (Say, 1821) conchologically, but molecular analyses group it either with the polyphyletic assemblage currently considered Leptoxis or as a separate lineage in Pleuroceridae. The species also possesses a unique radula, and is the first known pleurocerid endemic to the Harpeth River.
New records and combinations for Neotropical Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)
Authors: PETERS J. G. , FLOWERS R. W. , HUBBARD M. D. , DOMINGUEZ E. , SAVAGE H. M.
Published: February 2019

Several species of Leptophlebiidae (Atalophlebiinae) from South and Central America are given new generic combinations based on improved knowledge of the Leptophlebiidae of the region. These are: Tikuna bilineata (Needham & Murphy, 1924, Choroterpes) comb. n.; Terpides vinculum (Traver, 1947, Choroterpes) comb. n.; Hermanella costalis (Navás, 1934, Thraulus) comb. n.; Ulmeritoides haarupi (Esben-Petersen, 1912, Thraulus) comb. n. (synonyms Deleatidium vittatum, Thew, 1960 syn. n. and Ulmeritoides fidalgoi Domínguez, 1995 syn. n.). In addition, we give new distribution records for Tikuna bilineata, report Choroterpes from Colombia, and describe Hagenulus marshalli sp. n. from Ecuador based on two male imagos. Hagenulus marshalli sp. n can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the asymmetrical fork of MP (small cross vein present) and the short, slightly twisted penes without apical spines. These are the first confirmed records for Choroterpes, Tikuna and Hagenulus from continental South America, extending Hagenulus from the Greater Antilles into Ecuador, Choroterpes from Central America into Colombia, and Tikuna from Costa Rica into Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Surinam and Venezuela.
Description of two new species of Stenocatantops (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) from Taiwan with a key to known species of genus
Authors: YIN HONG , YIN X.-C.
Published: February 2019

Two new species [i.e. Stenocatantops nigrovittatus, sp. nov. and Stenocatantops unicolor, sp. nov. ] of the genus Stenocatantops Dirsh (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Catantopinae) from Taiwan, China are described in this paper. A key to known species of the genus is given. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan.
A new species of Halictophagus (Insecta: Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae) from Texas, and a checklist of Strepsiptera from the United States and Canada
Authors: KATHIRITHAMBY JEYARANEY , TAYLOR STEVEN J.
Published: February 2019

A new species of Halictophagidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera), Halictophagus forthoodiensis Kathirithamby & Taylor, is described from Texas, USA. We also present a key to 5 families, and a check-list of 11 genera and 84 species of Strepsiptera known from USA and Canada.
Phyllodistomum centropomi sp. n. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), a parasite of the fat snook, Centropomus parallelus (Osteichthyes: Centropomidae), in the Papaloapan River at Tlacotalpan, Veracruz State, Mexico
Authors: MENDOZA-GARFIAS BERENIT , DE LEÓN GERARDO PÉREZ-PONCE
Published: February 2019

Phyllodistomum centropomi n. sp. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) is described from the urinary bladder of Centropomus parallelus (Osteichthyes: Centropomidae) from the Papaloapan River in Veracruz State, Mexico. This species is distinguished from its congeners in North America, either marine or freshwater, in having the vitelline glands located in a posterolateral position to the ovary and the margin of the hindbody possessing slight undulations with muscular indentations from the level of testes to the posterior end of the body. The new species most closely resembles P. mayesi Brooks & MacDonald, 1986, a parasite of Trachycorystes insignis in the Río Atrato, in the vicinity of Quibdo, Choco, Colombia, since both possesses postovarian paired vitelline glands, but P. centropomi differs by having muscular undulations on the margin of hindbody and an oral sucker/acetabulum ratio close to unity.
The bee Ruizanthedella mutabilis Spinola (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): a very common but poorly known species studied using integrative taxonomy
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-VAQUERO ROCÍO A. , ROIG-ALSINA ARTURO
Published: February 2019

Ruizanthedella mutabilis (Spinola) is a very abundant species in Chile and the northwest of Argentinean Patagonia. In this contribution, Halictus nigrocaeruleus Spinola 1851 is established as a junior synonym of R. mutabilis (Spinola 1851), after considering morphological data, DNA barcoding results, and biological observations. The variability in the colouration of the metasoma has been incorrectly used to distinguish these colour forms as valid species. New records enlarge the distribution of the species in Argentina, from the Andes to the Atlantic coast.
The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) Part III: the C. henryi species group, with the description of three new species
Authors: PALACIO EDGARD , BORDERA SANTIAGO , DÍAZ FRANCISCO
Published: February 2019

The New World Clistopyga henryi species group is revised. Three species are described as new: C. carinata sp. nov., C. declinata sp. nov., and C. teresitae sp. nov. An illustrated identification key to Neotropical species of the group is provided. The Clistopyga henryi species group is composed of species with polished, and straight or down-curved ovipositors.
A New Species of Abbrosoga (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae), An Endemic Puerto Rican Planthopper Genus, with an Updated Checklist of the Delphacidae of Puerto Rico
Authors: OTERO MIRIEL , BARTLETT CHARLES R.
Published: February 2019

The genus Abbrosoga Caldwell (Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) was described in Caldwell & Martorell (1951) to include the single species Abbrosoga errata Caldwell, 1951. Here, a second species, Abbrosoga multispinosa n. sp. is described. Revised diagnostics are presented for the genus and A. errata, including a key to species. A compiled list of 64 delphacid species from Puerto Rico is presented, with updated nomenclature, including the new species and a new record of Delphacodes aterrima for Puerto Rico.
Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: NASCIMENTO JEANE M. C. DO , HAMADA NEUSA , PEPINELLI MATEUS , MARDINI LÚCIA B. L. F.
Published: February 2019

Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) was not fully described, because only pharate male and female adults extracted from pupae were used for the original descriptions. Important diagnostic characters were either incompletely or poorly described. During field work in areas at the same hydrographic basin of the type-locality, we were able to rear adult stages. The main objective of this study is to redescribe the male and female of S. jeteri, providing a complete description, including morphological characteristics not reported before, such as, presence of a median ventral projection on male ventral plate and a bilobed anal lobe on female terminalia. Additional characters of pupae and larvae are given. The addition of new characters will be useful to better understand phylogenetic relationships among species in this group. Females of S. jeteri are not known to bite.
Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species
Authors: HELLER KLAUS-GERHARD , HEMP CLAUDIA , MASSA BRUNO , RAKOTONDRANARY JACQUES , KRIŠTÍN ANTON
Published: February 2019

During a joint ecological project of the Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia, and the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, eight species (10 specimens) of phaneropterine bush-crickets were collected. Among them, two species were found as new to science (Mimoscudderia longicaudata n. sp., Paraphyrrhicia leuca n. sp.) and are described in this paper. Two other species (Plangia segonoides, Trigonocorypha maxima) were found the first time after their description more than 100 years ago. We provide first detailed data about their localities and habitat.
A new species of Victrix Staudinger, 1879 from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , TITOV SERGEY V. , ČERNILA MATJAŽ , TRUUVERK ANDRO , SALDAITIS AIDAS
Published: February 2019

A new species of the genus Victrix Staudinger, 1879, V. akbet Volynkin, Titov & Černila, sp. nov. is described from Kazakhstan. The new species belongs to the subgenus Poliobrya Hampson, 1908. A diagnostic comparison is made with V. frigidalis Varga & Ronkay, 1991, V. fabiani Varga & Ronkay, 1989 and V. umovii (Eversmann, 1846). The adults and male and female genitalia of the new and related species are illustrated.
A preliminary checklist of Chironomidae (Diptera) from Albania with first records for the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: BITUŠÍK PETER , TRNKOVÁ KATARÍNA
Published: February 2019

The Chironomidae of Albania have so far received limited attention and only 39 species have been recorded prior to the present study. Here we bring the results of random and non-intensive samplings of chironomid pupal exuviae and adults, at five localities in 2012, that provided 55 species and 5 additional taxa, with 51 being new for the Albanian fauna, out of which 7 were new for the Balkan Peninsula. In addition to that, we present a preliminary checklist of Chironomidae based on the data from Fauna Europaea complemented by the results of the recent investigation. The catalogued fauna now contains 85 species in 44 genera and 6 sub-families.
Jan Stanisław Bystroń’s "Old Easter Traditions"
Authors: Pandura Mariusz
Published: February 2019

For many years, the view prevailed that Dawne zwyczaje wielkanocne [Old Easter traditions] was the first ethnographic study by Jan Stanisław Bystroń. Published in the journal Wiedza in 1905, it was considered to be the harbinger of a future scientific career of the young schoolboy from Cracow. My central point is that not only has the title of the periodical in which the text appeared been determined incorrectly, but also the authorship has been erroneously attributed to Bystroń. I demonstrate how both of these mistakes came into being, and call attention to two factors which have determined the perpetuation of these false beliefs.
Social Genealogy of the Polish Intelligentsia
Authors: Chałasiński Józef
Published: February 2019

The text is a reprint of the second chapter of Józef Chałasiński’s essay Społeczna genealogia inteligencji polskiej [Social Genealogy of the Polish Intelligentsia], originally published in 1946.
Book review: Radhakrishan Sapru, Public Policy: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Hooja Meenakshi
Published: February 2019

Radhakrishan Sapru, Public Policy: A Contemporary Perspective. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2017, xxi + 351 pp., ₹395 (paperback). ISBN: 9789386062178.
Is It All About Who You Know? Prior Work Connections and Entrepreneurial Success
Authors: Sarada  , Tocoian Oana
Published: February 2019

This article studies how prior professional connections among founding employees predict a new firm’s short- and medium-term success. The authors apply three employment network measures to a large employer–employee matched Brazilian panel data set to find that network structures are strongly predictive of both firm survival and growth. All else equal, new firms with previously connected founding employees experience higher survival odds but slower early growth. Results suggest that working with former co-workers confers benefits such as resolved informational asymmetries, increased resource sharing, and nonpecuniary gains—qualities that are vital to new firm survival. High growth, however, likely benefits from a more varied resource set, facilitated by drawing on individuals from a multiplicity of employment backgrounds. In addition, the absence of prior ties may itself render the profit motive dominant, thereby increasing growth. Results are consistent across most sectors, initial firm sizes, and other sample selection criteria.
The Motion Due to Slow Precession of a Gyroscope Driven and Supported by a Hooke's Joint
Authors: Arnold R. N. , Maunder L.
Published: February 2019

The movements of a special gyroscopic system due to precession are considered. The system consists of a rotor driven through a directionally-free coupling, an arrangement which has found use in certain control instruments. When the system is precessed at uniform velocity about an axis perpendicular to the driving axis, relative angular deflexion of the rotor takes place. In general the rotor axis follows a spiral path, ultimately attaining an equilibrium position relative to the driving axis. When precession is stopped the rotor axis returns by a separate path to its zero position. These motions depend on the properties of the system, in particular: (1) rotor spin, (2) rotor windage torque, (3) friction at coupling joints, (4) inertia of driving system, (5) precessional velocity, (6) rotor inertia. The paths resulting from changes in each of these variables are studied experimentally, and theoretical methods are developed for predicting the equilibrium positions and form of rotor paths for such a system.
Powered Flying-Controls; Some Design Considerations
Authors: Bradbury F. J. , Parker S. M.
Published: February 2019

Powered flying-control systems are a comparatively recent addition to aircraft and, to date, have been devised to modify, as little as possible, existing piloting technique.

At the present time there is a basic similarity in most of the designs being used, and it is the purpose of this paper to consider the reasons for this and to examine the suitability of these systems for such future requirements as can be foreseen.

Little has been published about the difficulties encountered in the installation of such systems, particularly of relation to stability and reliability, but some account is given in this paper of experience with one typical system which has been used in a number of aeroplanes of widely differing types.

Whilst the scope of this paper is not intended to cover a detailed comparison of the minor features of various designs, some reference is made to those details which have a prime influence on performance.

Finally, consideration is given to the extremely important question of pre-flight rig testing, which is necessary to secure adequate reliability in services so vital to the safety of the whole aeroplane and its occupants.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Packed Towers Operating under Counter-current Flow Conditions
Authors: Rose H. E. , Young P. H.
Published: February 2019

The problem of the hydraulic characteristics of a packed tower operating under counter-current flow conditions has been studied both theoretically and experimentally; the analysis leading to the conclusion that the hydraulic resistance of a tower operating normally is most accurately given by the sum of the pressure drop through the packing under “wet-drained” conditions and a term representing the resistance due to the moving liquid stream.

The results, which are presented mainly in graphical form, lead finally to a three-dimensional graph having axes of liquid rate, gas velocity, and pressure drop—these being the principal variables of the problem. This graph is believed to be both original and of practical interest.

Various other factors governing the operation of a tower have been discussed and the problem of “hold-up” has been treated in some detail, since it is of importance in some aspects of the treatment of the problem of towers working under counter-current flow conditions.
Control and Recovery of Dust and Fume in Industry
Authors: Ashman R.
Published: February 2019

This paper originated as a result of the author's efforts to arrange systematically the data and information which gradually accumulated from the preparation for, and participation in, a considerable number of discussions concerning specific dust control and recovery problems.

The aim of this digest is to give the non-specialist engineer an unbiased working knowledge of this field of industry.

The paper commences with reference to the various purposes and applications of dust control and recovery. The nature of dust and fume is then discussed. Consideration is given to the various methods of controlling dust and special attention is given to the design of local exhaust systems.

Recovery equipment can be classified on the basis of the principle utilized, namely: gravitational, inertial and centrifugal separation, electrostatic precipitation, filtration, washing and ultrasonic agglomeration. Each of these main groups is considered as thoroughly as the limitations of the paper will permit. This is followed by some notes on the selection of equipment for specific duties.

A substantial part of the paper deals with the prevention of, and protection from, the explosions and fires which are a serious hazard in many dust control and recovery installations.

It is suggested that the introduction of some measure of standardization of design in this field would be a useful service to industry generally.
Heat Transfer in a Nozzle at Supersonic Speeds
Authors: Saunders O. A. , Calder P. H.
Published: February 2019

Very few previous experiments have been done on the transfer of heat to or from a gas flowing at high subsonic or supersonic speeds in a pipe or nozzle. Since the thermodynamic effects of heat exchange and friction upon the flow may be appreciable before the flow has settled down to equilibrium distribution of temperature and velocity over the cross-section, it is essential in any experimental investigation to define precisely the condition of the flow at the entrance to the measuring section.

An example of fundamental and practical importance is the convergent-divergent nozzle with cooling at the walls, and experiments are described using a water-cooled nozzle of smooth continuous internal profile through which hot gas at 850 deg. C. (1,562 deg. F.) was passed and with the heat transfer measured at different positions along the divergent section at Mach numbers up to 1·75. The heat transfer results for the different positions are best correlated by a Reynolds number based on length from the throat, and they indicate a turbulent boundary layer, which is confirmed by temperature traverses at the nozzle end. It is concluded that transition takes place at or near the throat.

The results are somewhat unexpected since both extraction of heat and downward pressure gradient might be expected to tend to delay transition and to produce a laminar boundary layer extending well into the divergent section. The results agree remarkably well with the low velocity formula for a turbulent boundary layer along a flat plate and show no appreciable influence of Mach number.
An Investigation into the Condensation of Steam
Authors: Hampson H. , Özişik N.
Published: February 2019

Experiments have been performed to examine critically the mechanism of condensation of steam, particularly when the condensation occurred in the dropwise form. This led to an investigation of the duration of life of a surface giving purely dropwise condensation, of which a brief summary is given. Having found that appreciable durations were possible, quantitative measurements of the heat transfer rates were made for high heat loads on a flat surface. Stress was laid throughout on the maintenance of either the purely filmwise or purely dropwise form.

An analysis of the results is given, and an examination of the possible application to practical problems shows that steam-condenser surface areas for high heat loading can be reduced appreciably from the present value, provided little non-condensable gas is present, the presence of a small quantity of promoter is tolerable, and suitable water-side conditions can be maintained. The effects of departure from these conditions, found in practice, are discussed.
The Theory of Sudden Enlargements Applied to the Poppet Exhaust-valve, with Special Reference to Exhaust-pulse Scavenging
Authors: Cole Boris N. , Mills Brian
Published: February 2019

It is shown that the simple theory of incompressible flow through a sudden enlargement may be extended to describe fully the compressible flow of a perfect gas. The generalized theory has useful bearing on the performance of air ejectors, although its greatest value is in furnishing a standard framework of description for any flow system in which the presence of a sudden enlargement is evident. The flow properties of the poppet type of exhaust valve are examined on this basis, and it is verified that an optimum design will differ little from common practice: a chart is given which shows the overall compressible-flow characteristics of such an optimum form. Further charts are developed which give a graphical representation of the basic theory, and assist in the solution of problems of steady and transient flow through systems containing a sudden enlargement. Special attention is directed to the solution of problems arising from the exhaust and scavenging processes of a two-stroke internal-combustion engine. Examples given in appendix form show how the “blow-down” and scavenging periods may be separately analysed, and it is shown how the ability of such an engine to remain self-sustaining on pulse scavenging alone may be examined at the design stage.
The Gay Party Question of the Eysenck Personality Inventory: An Example of Effects of Item Alteration on Direction and Latency of Response
Authors: Saltstone Robert , Saari Matti J. , Stange Ken , Walsh Susan
Published: February 2019

This study examined the effects of making an apparently innocuous change in the wording of an item on the Eysenck Personality Inventory to improve face validity. A microcomputer was employed to administer the inventory (Form A) to 90 female and 68 male volunteer respondents from college, university, and shopping center settings. Response direction and latency (in milliseconds) were recorded for each item. For every second subject the word ”gay” in item 25 (”Can you usually let yourself go and enjoy yourself a lot at a gay party?”) was replaced with the word ”lively,” a word judged by a panel of raters as equivalent in connotation to the word ”gay” as employed in the test. Data support warnings with respect to making even apparently minor changes in the wording of the items in a personality inventory. Respondents were slower to respond to the ”gay” item and endorsed it significantly less frequently. in addition, respondents’ post ”critical-item” response latencies to the ”gay” item differed inconsistently from those of respondents to the ”lively” item.
Visual Feedback and Anticipatory Hand Orientation during infants’ Reaching
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A. , Rocca Patrick T.
Published: February 2019

Infants 5, 7, and 9 mo. of age were videorecorded while reaching for a dowel that either was stationary or changed orientation after initiation of a reach. Visual fixation and hand orientation were monitored throughout each reach, as was the efficiency with which infants contacted the stimulus. in reaching for the stationary stimulus, the 5-mo.-olds showed significantly poorer hand orientation adjustment throughout their reach than 9-mo.-olds. The 7-mo.-olds began a reach with the hand poorly oriented as did 5-mo.-olds, but just before object contact their performance matched that of the 9-mo.-olds. On change-orientation trials, the 5-mo.-olds’ reaching was disrupted. They missed, stopped, or withdrew their reach on over half of these trials, and hand orientation on contact was significantly worse than on no-change trials. By contrast, older infants were more skilled in using visual feedback to make corrective adjustments in hand orientation during execution of the reach to secure a smooth contact with the stimulus. These infants showed no difference in hand orientation on contact for change in comparison to no-change trials. The 9-mo.-olds’ performance surpassed that of the 7-mo.-olds only in the efficiency with which they contacted the stimulus and the incidence of grasps on first contact.
The Curvilinear Relationship between Demand Level and Performance in an Organizational Field Setting
Authors: Wright Thomas A.
Published: February 2019

A curvilinear relationship was posited between job demand and job performance and was tested in a two-year organizational field study involving male youth counselors placed in seven different demand levels. Over the course of the study, these on-call counselors worked in most levels. Composite aggregations of individual self-reported ratings of variations in the job-demand levels were derived. Support for the hypothesized curvilinear relationship was found. Possible implications of the results are discussed.
Intimate with your junk! A waste management experiment for a material world
Authors: Callén Moreu Blanca , López Gómez Daniel
Published: February 2019

The material turn in social theory has put the study of objects at the centre of any attempt to comprehend the production of social order, but only recently has their affectivity become an important issue. Even in Science and Technology Studies (STS) where objects have been approached as ‘actants’ that actively participate in the material composition and decomposition of various socio-natural orderings, their affectivity has seldom been explored. Diverse scholars from feminist and STS areas stand out for bringing to the fore the affective entanglements between humans and non-humans as constitutive of various ecologies of knowledge production. Our contribution here aims to pursue this further in relation to practices of maintenance, conservation of, and the discarding of everyday objects. We propose the notion of ‘intimate entanglements’ to explore how objects come to matter to us, what makes us care for them, and how they might become companions and our mutual interdependent supporters. Through an artistic research project called ‘Objections’, we asked participants to donate discarded everyday objects and interrogated them about their reasons for keeping, and the conditions under which they chose to keep and maintain, certain objects, while discarding others. We hoped that the notion of intimate entanglements would enable us to approach various ‘objectual’ biographies as stories of companionship and becoming with these objects, where the self is accounted for as a figure that holds and is affected by encounters with the multiple. The consequences that this material shift may have for the political ecology of waste and maintenance studies will be explored in this article, which promises to elucidate some of the ways that waste management systems operate today and perhaps suggest some alternatives.
Intra- and Interpersonal Factors in Adolescence Predicting Loneliness among Young Adults with Visual Impairments
Authors: Veerman Linda , Heppe Eline , Gold Deborah , Kef Sabina
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Youths with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) experience difficulties with forming and maintaining social relationships with peers. These difficulties challenge their psychosocial functioning and put them at risk of being lonelier later in life. The study’s primary goal was to investigate how intra- and interpersonal factors during adolescence influence Loneliness in young adulthood.

Methods:

Analyses were conducted on data from a national data set. Participants ( N = 96) were interviewed at two different time points. General linear regression and mediation analyses were used to examine the role of social competence, personality, and satisfaction with social support, measured at mean age 17.83, and on Loneliness measured at mean age 23.45.

Results:

Analyses showed that adolescents with visual impairments who were more emotionally stable and had higher social competence during adolescence were less lonely later in life. In addition, the results showed that emotionally unstable adolescents reported lower social competence and, therefore, were lonelier in young adulthood.

Discussion:

These findings indicate that factors connected to Loneliness in young adulthood include people’s personality traits and their level of social competence at a younger age.

Implications for practitioners:

Knowing the underlying causes of an individual’s Loneliness assists practitioners in selecting what type of intervention would be suitable for addressing these issues. Those with low social skills benefit more from social skills training and those with negative biases of their own functioning profit more from interventions based on cognitive approaches. Screening methods could be used in order to determine these underlying issues and personality structure, before assigning persons to specific interventions.
Straight man’s burden
Authors: Joy Joanna
Published: February 2019

This is an experiment with legal storytelling scholarship. This role play advocates the importance of female voices, through their absence. It seeks support for the feminist movement by arguing equality on male terms. The sad hypothesis is that perhaps greater sympathy can be gained when we move away from female-centeredness and focus on substantive equality as benefiting everyone.
Synergistic Benefits of Combined Aerobic and Cognitive Training on Fluid Intelligence and the Role of IGF-1 in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Ploughman Michelle , Eskes Gail A. , Kelly Liam P. , Kirkland Megan C. , Devasahayam Augustine J. , Wallack Elizabeth M. , Abraha Beraki , Hasan S. M. Mahmudul , Downer Matthew B. , Keeler Laura , Wilson Graham , Skene Elaine , Sharma Ishika , Chaves Arthur R. , Curtis Marie E. , Bedford Emily , Robertson George S. , Moore Craig S. , McCarthy Jason , Mackay-Lyons Marilyn
Published: February 2019

Background. Paired exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognition by “priming” the brain and upregulating neurotrophins. Methods. Two-site randomized controlled trial. Fifty-two patients >6 months poststroke with concerns about cognitive impairment trained 50 to 70 minutes, 3× week for 10 weeks with 12-week follow-up. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 physical interventions: Aerobic (>60% VO2peak using <10% body weight–supported treadmill) or Activity (range of movement and functional tasks). Exercise was paired with 1 of 2 cognitive interventions (computerized dual working memory training [COG] or control computer games [Games]). The primary outcome for the 4 groups (Aerobic + COG, Aerobic + Games, Activity + COG, and Activity + Games) was fluid intelligence measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test administered at baseline, posttraining, and 3-month follow-up. Serum neurotrophins collected at one site (N = 30) included brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at rest (BDNFresting) and after a graded exercise test (BDNFresponse) and insulin-like growth factor–1 at the same timepoints (IGF-1rest, IGF-1response). Results. At follow-up, fluid intelligence scores significantly improved compared to baseline in the Aerobic + COG and Activity + COG groups; however, only the Aerobic + COG group was significantly different (+47.8%) from control (Activity + Games −8.5%). Greater IGF-1response at baseline predicted 40% of the variance in cognitive improvement. There was no effect of the interventions on BDNFresting or BDNFresponse; nor was BDNF predictive of the outcome. Conclusions. Aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training improved fluid intelligence by almost 50% in patients >6 months poststroke. Participants with more robust improvements in cognition were able to upregulate higher levels of serum IGF-1 suggesting that this neurotrophin may be involved in behaviorally induced plasticity.
Use of telephone and web interfaces of interactive response technology at clinical investigator sites in clinical trials
Authors: Saarela Anna-Leena , Walzer Anja , Juppo Anne Mari
Published: February 2019

Background

Interactive response technologies are used in clinical trials to provide services such as automated randomization and medication logistics management. The objective of this article is to investigate the usage of telephone (Interactive Voice Response) and web (Interactive Web Response) interfaces of interactive response technologies at clinical investigator sites in clinical trials, to obtain information about the preferences of interactive response technology end users between the telephone and web interfaces, and to explore the relevance of the telephone interface in this setting.

Methods

The data consist of an online survey conducted in spring 2016 with clinical investigators, study nurses, and pharmacists in 13 countries.

Results

Ninety-eight percent of survey respondents preferred the web interface over the telephone interface, the most important reason being superior usability. However, the respondents indicated the usability of interactive response technology interfaces is not optimal, and lack of integration and consistency across systems is common. A vast majority of interactive response technology end users at clinical sites prefer to use the web interface over the telephone interface, but most also feel there would need to be a back-up system.

Conclusions

Based on the results, it would be beneficial to improve the usability of the interactive response technology interfaces, and to increase consistency across systems from the current level. Support to and training of the users, as well as clarifying the responsibilities between sites and the sponsor should also be a focal point. Study sponsors should explore with interactive response technology service providers how removing the telephone interface would impact future studies, and whether there could be a more efficient means to achieve a reliable back-up to the web interface instead of a dedicated telephone interface.
Patient and disease characteristics of adult patients with type 1 diabetes in Germany: an analysis of the DPV and DIVE databases
Authors: van Mark Gesine , Lanzinger Stefanie , Barion Ralf , Degenhardt Michael , Badis Simone , Noll Horst , Danne Thomas , Bramlage Peter , Seufert Jochen , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: February 2019

Background:

An understanding of the current status of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can help to provide appropriate treatment.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of the DIabetes Versorgungs-Evaluation (DIVE) and the Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) databases for Germany.

Results:

The analysis included 56,250 people with T1DM (54.2% male), a median age of 36.8 years, and a median diabetes duration of 12.4 years. 15.3% were obese (body mass index ≥ 30kg/m2). Long-acting insulin analogs were used by 53.3%, short-acting analogs by 72.1%, and oral antidiabetic drugs by 4.7%. Patients had a median glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.8%. There was a drop in HbA1c and an increase in the rate of hypertension, oral antidiabetic drug use, and in the rate of severe hypoglycemia (all p < 0.01) with age. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) showed the best glucose values with fewer complications compared to other monitoring systems. HbA1c and FBG were lower in patients using a pump versus multiple daily injections (MDIs; 7.7 versus 7.9% and 7.8 versus 8.7 mmol/l; all adjusted p < 0.01). Patients had a lower risk of at least one severe hypoglycemic or DKA episode during the most recent treatment year with pump treatment compared to MDI (9.4% versus 10.5% and 4.7% versus 6.1%, both adjusted p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The data demonstrated less-than-optimal glycemic control in the young, an increasing metabolic pattern in T1DM with increasing age, a benefit of FGM to improve HbA1c control and adverse effects, as well as benefits of pump treatment over MDIs.
Misremembrance of Things Past: Depression Is Associated With Difficulties in the Recollection of Both Specific and Categoric Autobiographical Memories
Authors: Hitchcock Caitlin , Rodrigues Evangeline , Rees Catrin , Gormley Siobhan , Dritschel Barbara , Dalgleish Tim
Published: February 2019

Impaired retrieval of specific, autobiographical memories of personally experienced events is characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, findings in subclinical samples suggest that the reduced specificity phenomenon may reflect a broader impairment in the deliberate retrieval of all autobiographical memory types. This experiment ( N = 68) explored this possibility by requiring individuals with and without MDD to complete a cued-recall task that required retrieval of specific, single-incident memories to a block of cues; retrieval of categoric, general memories to a block of cues; and to alternate between retrieval of specific and general memories for a block of cues. Results demonstrated that relative to never-depressed controls, individuals with MDD experience reduced recall of both specific ( d = 0.48) and general memories ( d = 1.00) along with reduced flexibility in alternating between specific and general memories ( d = 0.90). Findings support further development of autobiographical memory–based interventions that target a range of retrieval deficits rather than specificity alone.
Emerging trends and research foci in gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Huang Xiaoquan , Fan Xiaowen , Ying Jun , Chen Shiyao
Published: February 2019

Background

Gastrointestinal microbiome has drawn an increasing amount of attention over the past decades. There is emerging evidence that the gut flora plays a major role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. We aimed to analyze the evolution of gastrointestinal microbiome research and evaluate publications qualitatively and quantitatively.

Methods

We obtained a record of 2891 manuscripts published between 1998 and 2018 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters; this record was obtained on June 23, 2018. The WoSCC is the most frequently used source of scientific information. We used the term “Gastrointestinal Microbiomes” and all of its hyponyms to retrieve the record, and restricted the subjects to gastroenterology and hepatology. We then derived a clustered network from 70,169 references that were cited by the 2891 manuscripts, and identified 676 top co-cited articles. Next, we used the bibliometric method, CiteSpace V, and VOSviewer 1.6.8 to identify top authors, journals, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited articles, and trends.

Results

We identified that the number of publications on gastrointestinal microbiome is increasing over time. 112 journals published articles on gastrointestinal microbiome. The United States of America was the leading country for publications, and the leading institution was the University of North Carolina. Co-cited reference analysis revealed the top landmark articles in the field. Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), probiotics, irritable bowel disease, and obesity are some of the high frequency keywords in co-occurrence cluster analysis and co-cited reference cluster analysis; indicating gut microbiota and related digestive diseases remain the hotspots in gut microbiome research. Burst detection analysis of top keywords showed that bile acid, obesity, and Akkermansia muciniphila were the new research foci.

Conclusions

This study revealed that our understanding of the link between gastrointestinal microbiome and associated diseases has evolved dramatically over time. The emerging new therapeutic targets in gut microbiota would be the foci of future research.
Testosterone induces renal tubular epithelial cell death through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway
Authors: Peng Yonghan , Fang Ziyu , Liu Min , Wang Zeyu , Li Ling , Ming Shaoxiong , Lu Chaoyue , Dong Hao , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Qi , Shen Rong , Xie Fei , Zhang Weitao , Yang Cheng , Gao Xiaofeng , Sun Yinghao
Published: February 2019

Background

The morbidity of nephrolithiasis is 2–3 times higher in males than in females, suggesting that androgen plays a key role in nephrolithiasis. The death of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is an important pathophysiological process contributing to the development of nephrolithiasis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether androgen directly induces TECs apoptosis and necrosis and its underlying mechanisms in kidney stone formation.

Materials and methods

We compared serum testosterone level between male and female healthy volunteers and kidney stone patients. The in vivo nephrolithiasis model was established using glyoxylic acid, and calcium deposits were detected by van Kossa staining. In the in vitro study using mouse TECs (TCMK-1 cells) and human TECs (HK-2 cells), apoptosis, necrosis, and the expression of BH3-only protein Bcl-2-like 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) were examined incubated with different doses of testosterone using flow cytometry. Levels of apoptosis-related proteins transfected with the BNIP3 siRNA were examined by western blotting. The mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) was detected by JC-1 staining and flow cytometry. We monitored BNIP3 expression in the testosterone-induced TECs injury model after treatment with hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and/or hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitors to determine the upstream protein regulating BNIP3 expression. Additionally, ChIP and luciferase assays were performed to confirm the interaction between HIF-1α and BNIP3.

Results

Both male and female patients have significantly higher testosterones compared with healthy volunteers. More calcium deposits in the medulla were detected in male mice compared to female and castrated male mice. Testosterone induced TECs apoptosis and necrosis and increased BNIP3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Testosterone also increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression and induced a loss of ΔΨm. This effect was reversed by BNIP3 knockdown. HIF-1α inhibition significantly decreased BNIP3 expression and protected TECs from testosterone-induced apoptosis and necrosis. HIF-2α inhibition, however, did not influence BNIP3 expression or TECs apoptosis or necrosis. Finally, HIF-1α interacted with the BNIP3 promoter region.

Conclusion

Based on these results, testosterone induced renal TECs death by activating the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway.