bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visuality Without Form: Video-Mediated Communication and Research Practice Across Disciplinary Contexts
Authors: Cupitt Rebekah , Forstorp Per-Anders , Lantz Ann
Published: August 2018

Visuality is a concept that crosses boundaries of practice and meaning, making it an ideal subject for interdisciplinary research. In this article, we discuss visuality using a fragment from a video meeting of television producers at Swedish Television’s group for programming in Swedish Sign Language. This example argues for the importance of recognizing the diversity of analytical and practice-derived visualities and their effect on the ways in which we interpret cultures. These different visualities have consequences for the methods and means with which we present scholarly research. The role of methods, methodology, and analysis of visual practices in an organizational and bilingual setting are key. We explore the challenges of incorporating deaf visualities, hearing visualities, and different paradigms of interdisciplinary research as necessary when visibility, invisibility, and their materialities are of concern. We conclude that in certain contexts, breaking with disciplinary traditions makes visible that which is otherwise invisible.
A Stepped-Collaborative Perinatal Depression Model
Authors: Rock Mary M.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Perinatal depression (PD) screening has been defined for decades, but treatment remains ill-defined, with few mental health (MH) providers helping depressed women during this delicate time. The nurse practitioner (NP) is in a position to help women through PD with the use of a collaborative treatment model. AIMS: This DNP (doctor of nursing practice) inquiry investigated a stepped collaborative care model (CCM) to see whether the PD model improved time from referral to evaluation and decreased depression scores over a 6-month treatment period for women who came to an NP MH practice. METHOD: After obtaining approval from the institutional review board and the clients, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered to 37 women at psychiatric evaluation and subsequent MH visits over a 6-month period. Time from referral to evaluation and depression scores were analyzed. RESULTS: The CCM met the goal of 30 days from referral to evaluation. Prenatal clients had a statistically significant decrease in depression scores, and postpartum client scores were clinically significant. CONCLUSION: A CCM among care providers facilitates prompt intake to treatment time within 1 month of identification of depression, and a decrease in depression scores in women measured by sequential depression screen scores. The study may provide ideas for evidence-based NP practice by use of the model to treat depression in this group of women.
Training a Paraprofessional to Implement Video Prompting With Error Correction to Teach a Vocational Skill
Authors: Seaman-Tullis Rachel L. , Cannella-Malone Helen I. , Brock Matthew E.
Published: August 2018

Very few individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been trained in the vocational skills needed to obtain gainful employment. Moreover, although there is an abundance of research evaluating the practice of training practitioners of students with ASD to use evidence-based practices to teach a wide variety of skills, there have been few that apply this training to the acquisition of vocational tasks. This study uses a multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design to evaluate the training methods used to train a paraprofessional in the preparation and implementation of video prompting and error correction with his student with ASD. Furthermore, the behavior and learning of both the paraprofessional and student are measured. Results indicate that the training package resulted in increased video prompting implementation behavior for the paraprofessional, as well as corresponding, increased vocational skill behavior for the student.
Characterization of the Testicular Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-Triazol-5-One and 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Lent Emily May , Mullins Anna B. , May Anthony D. , Honnold Cary L. , Despain Kenneth E.
Published: August 2018

Nitrotriazolone (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one; NTO) and dinitroanisole (2,4-dinitroanisole; DNAN), insensitive energetic materials used in explosive formulations, have induced testicular toxicity and oligospermia in repeated-dose oral toxicity tests. To identify the target site of testicular toxicity of NTO and DNAN, Sprague Dawley rats were orally dosed with NTO (500 mg/kg/d) or DNAN (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) in corn oil for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days. Degeneration of germinal epithelium occurred in multiple tubule stages on days 7 and 14 in treated rats. Degeneration increased in severity with time and was characterized by degeneration/apoptosis of pachytene spermatocytes and round and elongating spermatids, depletion of step 19 spermatids, luminal spermatogenic cell sloughing, multinucleate cells, and pronounced Sertoli cell vacuolation. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone did not differ between NTO- and DNAN-treated and control rats on any sampling day. Serum testosterone levels reduced only in rats given 50 mg/kg/d DNAN for 7 days. These results suggest that the initial site of testicular injury for both NTO and DNAN is the Sertoli cell.
Exploring the uptake and implementation of tele-monitored home-exercise programmes in adults with Parkinson’s disease: A mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Lai Byron , Bond Kristina , Kim Yumi , Barstow Beth , Jovanov Emil , Bickel C Scott
Published: August 2018

Background

People with Parkinson’s disease experience numerous barriers to exercise participation at fitness facilities. Advances in tele-monitoring technologies create alternative channels for managing and supervising exercise programmes in the home. However, the success of these programmes will depend on participants’ perceptions of using the technology and their exercise adherence. Thus, this pilot explored the uptake and implementation of two common methods of Internet-exercise training in Parkinson’s disease.

Methods

Twenty adults with Parkinson’s disease were randomized into either: telecoach-assisted exercise (TAE) or self-regulated exercise (SRE) groups. Both groups received the same eight-week exercise prescription (combined strength and aerobic exercise) and telehealth system that streamed and recorded vital signs and exercise data. TAE participants exercised under a telecoach’s supervision via videoconferencing. SRE participants independently managed their exercise training. Quantitative data were described and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Quantitative results demonstrated that TAE participants achieved strong attendance (99.2%), whereas SRE participants demonstrated 35.9% lower attendance, 48% less total time exercising, and 74.5% less time exercising at moderate intensity. Qualitatively, TAE participants reported overtly favourable programme experiences and that assistance from a telecoach enhanced their exercise motivation. SRE participants noted several challenges that impeded adherence.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate that adults with Parkinson’s disease acknowledge benefits of exercising through a telehealth system and are open to utilizing this channel as a means of exercise. However, human-interactive support may be required to overcome unique impediments to participation. Study findings warrant validation in larger trials that can transfer the success of TAE towards more scalable methods of delivery.
Bending performance of glubam beams made with different processes
Authors: Li Z , Yang GS , Zhou Q , Shan B , Xiao Yan
Published: August 2018

This article presents experimental testing results designed to obtain physical and mechanical properties of glued laminated bamboo (glubam) beams. Two types of glubam beams made with different pre-processed plybamboo boards were tested. One type glubam beam specimens were made with thin layer bamboo strips of about 2 mm thick, and the other were manufactured with thick layer bamboo strips of about 5–6 mm. Test results of the full-scale beams show that the behavior of the glubam beams was elasto-brittle, similar to typical wood-based glulam. The different configurations of bamboo strips have certain influence on the flexural performance of glubam beams, and the mean ultimate capacity of the samples with bamboo strips flatwise is higher than that of edgewise. Based on the experimental results reported herein, the strength capacity equations are proposed for calculating the flexural rigidity and strength capacities of the glubam beams.
Public support for the death penalty in a red state: The distrustful, the angry, and the unsure
Authors: Kort-Butler Lisa A , Ray Colleen M
Published: August 2018

Set against the backdrop of Nebraska’s 2015 legislative repeal of the death penalty and the 2016 electoral reinstatement, we examined public support for capital punishment. Using two years of statewide survey data, we compared respondents who preferred the death penalty for murder, those who preferred other penalties, and those who were unsure, a respondent group often excluded from research. To understand what distinguishes among these groups, we examined media consumption, instrumental and expressive feelings about crime, and confidence and trust in the government regarding criminal justice. Results revealed that those who preferred the death penalty expressed more anger about crime and greater distrust, but perceived the death penalty as applied more fairly, relative to the other groups. The unsures, compared to those who preferred other penalties, were less trusting and viewed the death penalty as applied more fairly. The persistence of public support for capital punishment may best be understood for its symbolic, expressive qualities.
International-Mindedness: Deviations, Incongruities and Other Challenges Facing the Concept
Authors: Savva Maria , Stanfield Dave
Published: August 2018

This article examines the developing discourse of international-mindedness and the problematic nature of its theoretical foundation alongside its actual manifestation in international school settings. In particular, it explores the discord between international-mindedness as a benevolent form of character development compared to international-mindedness as an opportunistic form of social and global mobility. Against this competing backdrop, the article also looks to identify distinct features that differentiate the concept of international-mindedness from other more established ideologies, including those related to interculturalism, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism. The assumption that international-mindedness is perpetually situated within a moral code of conduct is challenged and analyzed critically, along with implications for schools.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of an Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Treatment to Address Psychological Distress in a Stroke Self-Management Program
Authors: Evans-Hudnall Gina , Johnson Adrienne , Kimmel Barbara , Brandt Charles , Mbue Ngozi , Lawson Evan , Anderson Jane
Published: August 2018

This is a case-study of a Hispanic man who had an ischemic stroke and was participating in a stroke self-management (SSM) program. He was identified as having comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression that were not addressed by the SSM program and was subsequently enrolled in the Enhance Psychological Coping after Stroke (EPiC) program. EPiC is a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment integrating mental and stroke-related behavioral health principles that is delivered concurrent to the SSM program. Over the course of six sessions, the participant learned psychological symptom and behavioral monitoring, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring, deep breathing, calming thoughts, social support, and problem-solving skills aimed at overcoming barriers to engagement in behaviors taught in the SSM program. Client-centered psychological distress and behavioral health treatment goals were integrated into each session. The client demonstrated reduced anxiety symptoms and improved stroke SSM behaviors at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after the initiation of treatment. He also improved in disability, social role limitations, quality of life, and stroke self-efficacy at 18 weeks following the initiation of treatment. This case study demonstrates that incorporating an integrated cognitive behavioral treatment to an SSM program can be beneficial for decreasing psychological symptom barriers to SSM, which may reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: An Adult Case Responding to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Görmez Aynur , Kılıç Alperen , Kırpınar İsmet
Published: August 2018

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 ( DSM-5) which replaces and extends the DSM-4 diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood. There is limited information as to the characteristics of the patients with ARFID, its course and prognosis and treatment. We aim to contribute to available literature on ARFID by presenting this case. We discussed a young lady with ARFID who responded well to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with successful application of in vivo exposure, systematic desensitization, and cognitive restructuring techniques. After the 12 sessions of CBT as inpatient and eight sessions as outpatient, she gained 4 kg (8.81 lbs); her body mass index (BMI) rising from 16 to 17.5 kg/m2, Hamilton anxiety rating score dropped from 27 to 5. She continued to improve reaching the BMI of 18.3 kg/m2 6-month post-discharge. This case suggests that CBT can be a useful treatment modality in adults with ARFID.
Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis
Authors: Thomsen Michael , Vitetta Luis
Published: August 2018

Background: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date. Methods: A narrative literature review identified 60 clinical studies examining various nutritional compounds and 20 examining probiotics. 9 studies on probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea were also assessed on methodological quality and limitations identified. Results: Several compounds have been posited as useful adjuvants for cancer treatment–related mucositis. Probiotics demonstrate efficacy for the prevention and treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity without significant side effects. Glutamine and activated charcoal were reported to reduce chemotherapy-induced diarrhea but not radiation-induced intestinal mucositis. Honey has been reported to decrease treatment interruptions, weight loss, and delays the onset of oral mucositis. Zinc, glutamine, and topical vitamin E were demonstrated efficacy for oral mucositis. Conclusion: There is plausible clinical evidence for the administration of several adjunctive treatments for the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Probiotics were reported to reduce the burden of intestinal mucositis and treatment-induced diarrhea. Activated charcoal and glutamine are beneficial for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, whereas the administration of honey, zinc, and glutamine reduce the risk of developing oral mucositis during chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Inspiratory Muscle Training in High-Risk Patients Following Lung Resection May Prevent a Postoperative Decline in Physical Activity Level
Authors: Brocki Barbara Cristina , Andreasen Jan Jesper , Westerdahl Elisabeth
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To describe postoperative self-reported physical activity (PA) level and assess the effects of 2 weeks of postoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients at high risk for postoperative pulmonary complications following lung resection. Methods. This is a descriptive study reporting supplementary data from a randomized controlled trial that included 68 patients (mean age = 70 ± 8 years), randomized to an intervention group (IG; n = 34) or a control group (CG; n = 34). The IG underwent 2 weeks of postoperative IMT added to a standard postoperative physiotherapy given to both groups. The standard physiotherapy consisted of breathing exercises, coughing techniques, and early mobilization. We evaluated self-reported physical activity (Physical Activity Scale 2.1 questionnaire) and health status (EuroQol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire), assessed the day before surgery and 2 weeks postoperatively. Results. A significant percentage of the patients in the IG reported less sedentary activity 2 weeks postoperatively when compared with the CG (sedentary 6% vs 22%, low activity 56% vs 66%, moderate activity 38% vs 12%, respectively; P = .006). The mean difference in EQ-5D-5L between the IG and CG 2 weeks postoperatively was nonsignificant ( P = .80). The overall preoperative EQ-5D-5L index score for the study population was comparable to a reference population. Conclusion. Postoperative IMT seems to prevent a decline in PA level 2 weeks postoperatively in high-risk patients undergoing lung resection. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
Motor Impairment–Related Alterations in Biceps and Triceps Brachii Fascicle Lengths in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke
Authors: Nelson Christa M. , Murray Wendy M. , Dewald Julius P. A.
Published: August 2018

Poststroke deficits in upper extremity function occur during activities of daily living due to motor impairments of the paretic arm, including weakness and abnormal synergies, both of which result in altered use of the paretic arm. Over time, chronic disuse and a resultant flexed elbow posture may result in secondary changes in the musculoskeletal system that may limit use of the arm and impact functional mobility. This study utilized extended field-of-view ultrasound to measure fascicle lengths of the biceps (long head) and triceps (distal portion of the lateral head) brachii in order to investigate secondary alterations in muscles of the paretic elbow. Data were collected from both arms in 11 individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke, with moderate to severe impairment as classified by the Fugl-Meyer assessment score. Across all participants, significantly shorter fascicles were observed in both biceps and triceps brachii ( P < .0005) in the paretic limb under passive conditions. The shortening in paretic fascicle length relative to the nonparetic arm measured under passive conditions remained observable during active muscle contraction for the biceps but not for the triceps brachii. Finally, average fascicle length differences between arms were significantly correlated to impairment level, with more severely impaired participants showing greater shortening of paretic biceps fascicle length relative to changes seen in the triceps across all elbow positions ( r = −0.82, P = .002). Characterization of this secondary adaptation is necessary to facilitate development of interventions designed to reduce or prevent the shortening from occurring in the acute stages of recovery poststroke.
The Mutual Impact of Smoking and Low Cholesterol on All-Cause, Non-Cardiovascular, and Cardiovascular Mortalities in Males
Authors: Parsa Nader , Taravatmanesh Samira , Trevisan Maurizio , Zaheri Pari Mahlagha
Published: August 2018

The aim of the current study was to examine the possible relationship between the mutual effects of smoking and low cholesterol on all-cause, non-cardiovascular, and cardiovascular mortalities in males. This is a prospective cohort study of 30,179 males sampled from the Risk Factors and Life Expectancy (RIFLE) studies in the Italian population. The RIFLE data are from 19 different large-scale studies over a 9.5-year follow-up period. The Cox Proportional Hazard model was applied to analyze the data. The associations are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Cholesterol data were reported in categories. There were significant mortality risk mutual associations for never-smokers and those in the low cholesterol category (<160 mg/dl) for all-cause (HR = 3.13, 95% CI [1.69, 5.80]), and non-cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR = 6.51, 95% CI [2.19, 19.33]) mortality in men with an insignificant risk for CVD mortality (HR = 1.90, 95% CI [0.85, 4.22]).

There were significant mortality risk associations of the mutual effects of ex-smokers and low cholesterol for non-CVD in the first to third cholesterol categories (HR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.40, 4.46]; HR = 2.65, 95% CI [1.50, 4.71]; HR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.17, 3.82], respectively), but no significant findings for all-cause and CVD deaths.

Furthermore, there were significant mortality risk association of mutual effects of current-smokers and low cholesterol for non-CVD (HR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.11, 2.28]) in the first category of cholesterol level, but insignificant risk associations for all-cause deaths (HR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.89, 1.66]). Interestingly, findings indicate a mutual protective association for current-smokers and low cholesterol (<160 mg/dl) for CVD risk in males (HR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.19, 0.91]).

Findings of this study identified significant mortality risk association for mutual effects of never-smokers, ex-smokers, and low cholesterol for non-CVD. However, there is significant protective association for current-smokers and low cholesterol for CVD.
Reversed effect of spatial compatibility when taking avatar’s perspective
Authors: Müsseler Jochen , Ruhland Lennart , Böffel Christian
Published: August 2018

If an actor takes the perspective of an avatar, spatial dissociations could arise between the perspective of the actor and the perspective of the avatar. These become particularly interesting when solving spatial compatibility tasks. Effects of spatial compatibility are usually explained by a match or mismatch of automatic behavioural tendencies and intentional mapping processes. The question is whether actors develop such behavioural tendencies for an avatar and thereby are able to neglect their own perspective. In the experiments, actors take the perspective of the avatar and pressed ipsilateral or contralateral left–right keys in response to lateralised coloured discs. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that compatibility effects are tied to the avatar but not to the actor. Experiment 3 revealed that participants could ignore the perspective of the avatar. We concluded that the automatic behavioural tendencies in compatibility experiments are not as automatic as sometimes assumed. It is likely that the present results are not only applicable to the use of avatars but also to other human-controlled robots and drones.
Direct harms and social consequences: An analysis of the impact of maternal imprisonment on dependent children in England and Wales
Authors: Minson Shona
Published: August 2018

This article draws upon research with children whose mothers were imprisoned in England and Wales, to investigate the impacts of maternal imprisonment on dependent children. The research directly engaged with children, in accordance with Article 12 of the UNCRC 1989, and is set within an examination of the differentiated treatment in the family and criminal courts of England and Wales of children facing state initiated separation from a parent. The article explores children’s ‘confounding grief’ and contends that this grief originates from social processes, experienced as a consequence of maternal imprisonment. ‘Secondary prisonization’ is characterized by changes in home and caregiver and the regulation of the mother and child relationship. ‘Secondary stigmatization’ occurs when children are stigmatized by virtue of their relationship with their mother. These harms to children call into question the state’s fulfilment of its duty to protect children under Article 2 of the UNCRC 1989.
Vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for radial deficiency – an update
Authors: Vilkki Simo K. , Paavilainen Pasi
Published: August 2018

Vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer offers a possibility to reconstruct the radial support which is lacking in radial dysplasia. Our experience from 1987 to 2017 with 34 congenital radial club hand reconstructions have allowed a possibility for long-term evaluation of the method. Compared with conventional methods, second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer results in better wrist mobility and does not restrict typical ulnar growth. The balance of the wrist remains good until age 11. Thereafter, the growth of the vascularized bone graft transfer matches only partially the distal ulnar growth in adolescence, resulting in mild recurrence of radial deviation. A new option to create a two-bone forearm in selected Bayne-Klug Type III radial dysplasia cases will allow a relatively good pro-supination ability. Potentially, a proximal fibular epiphyseal transfer could be a future solution. Currently, a safe harvest of the proximal fibula at childhood remains controversial.
Affordance is Power: Contradictions Between Communicational and Technical Dimensions of WhatsApp’s End-to-End Encryption
Authors: Santos Marcelo , Faure Antoine
Published: August 2018

WhatsApp’s implementation of end-to-end encryption has been celebrated by many. Intriguingly, though, the invisible affordance was made visible with an individual message to each conversation. In this research, we “properly scrutinize” the roll-out of the affordance in historical perspective inspired by the “platform biography” approach, critically comparing corporate and media documentation with an analysis of the attributes and affordances that refer to the realm of privacy and security with focus on the end-to-end encryption. After pointing the contradictions with evidences found, we conclude that the implementation should be interpreted neither as a plain idealistic saga for user privacy and security by the App’s founders nor as simply a market-oriented approach—though both are clearly components of the company’s motives—but as a strategic move inserted in a: (1) Public Relations guerrilla strategy from WhatsApp Inc. facing national States and respective intelligence agencies or law enforcement institutions, in which context the development and implementation of affordances reveals a (2) power move by corporate digital media to avoid political conflict against vigilante state power and therefore the App’s subsistent vulnerabilities in terms of privacy and security should be read as (3) a tradeoff between commercial massiveness at the expense of technological utopia.
An Analysis of Colin Kaepernick, Megan Rapinoe, and the National Anthem Protests
Authors: Schmidt Samuel H. , Frederick Evan L. , Pegoraro Ann , Spencer Tyler C.
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Facebook narrative surrounding Colin Kaepernick and Megan Rapinoe’s activism as crafted through user comments on their respective public Facebook pages following the athletes’ protests during the national anthem. A total of 85,649 users’ comments were collected and analyzed within the context of framing. The themes emerging from the data suggested a strong nationalistic narrative, with some accompanying narratives addressing the issues Kaepernick and Rapinoe desired to highlight through their activism. The nationalistic frames discussed what constituted American values and the consequences for not conforming to those values. The non-nationalistic themes targeted the social issues related to the two athletes. In terms of differences between the two athletes, users attacked Kaepernick’s specific characteristics (i.e., race and sex), while Rapinoe’s data contained discussions surrounding the role of athletes. Implications of these findings will be discussed further.
The Psychology of Decumulation Decisions During Retirement
Authors: Shu Suzanne B. , Shu Stephen D.
Published: August 2018

The problem of drawing down one’s savings in retirement is known as “decumulation” and is a topic of growing policy importance. This article is devoted to understanding the psychology inherent in decumulation decisions and to identifying policy options that may develop from those findings. We begin by describing key psychological inputs to these decisions, including self-control, temporal discounting, loss aversion, fairness, and psychological ownership. We then briefly review the current evidence testing those processes within particular decumulation domains. Finally, we offer five possible policy approaches for influencing decumulation decisions, including addressing financial literacy, providing defaults, encouraging precommitments, offering disclosures, and building customized decision support systems. These interventions differ according to individuals’ financial sophistication and allow policy makers flexibility in determining the level of support to provide.
Beyond America: Cross-national Context and the Impact of Religious Versus Secular Organizational Membership on Self-rated Health
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Foy Steven L. , Miles Andrew
Published: August 2018

Studies using data from the United States suggest religious organizational involvement is more beneficial for health than secular organizational involvement. Extending beyond the United States, we assess the relative impacts of religious and secular organizational involvement on self-rated health cross-nationally, accounting for national-level religious context. Analyses of data from 33 predominantly Christian countries from the 2005–2008 World Values Survey reveal that active membership in religious organizations is positively associated with self-rated health. This association’s magnitude is higher than the magnitude of associations between many memberships in secular organizations and health. The positive association between involvement in religious organization and self-rated health is moderated by national levels of religious pluralism such that positive associations are primarily found in nations high in religious diversity. These results replicated in a sample of 21 majority-Christian nations from the 2010–2014 World Values Survey.
Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results
Authors: Silberzahn R. , Uhlmann E. L. , Martin D. P. , Anselmi P. , Aust F. , Awtrey E. , Bahník Š. , Bai F. , Bannard C. , Bonnier E. , Carlsson R. , Cheung F. , Christensen G. , Clay R. , Craig M. A. , Dalla Rosa A. , Dam L. , Evans M. H. , Flores Cervantes I. , Fong N. , Gamez-Djokic M. , Glenz A. , Gordon-McKeon S. , Heaton T. J. , Hederos K. , Heene M. , Hofelich Mohr A. J. , Högden F. , Hui K. , Johannesson M. , Kalodimos J. , Kaszubowski E. , Kennedy D. M. , Lei R. , Lindsay T. A. , Liverani S. , Madan C. R. , Molden D. , Molleman E. , Morey R. D. , Mulder L. B. , Nijstad B. R. , Pope N. G. , Pope B. , Prenoveau J. M. , Rink F. , Robusto E. , Roderique H. , Sandberg A. , Schlüter E. , Schönbrodt F. D. , Sherman M. F. , Sommer S. A. , Sotak K. , Spain S. , Spörlein C. , Stafford T. , Stefanutti L. , Tauber S. , Ullrich J. , Vianello M. , Wagenmakers E.-J. , Witkowiak M. , Yoon S. , Nosek B. A.
Published: August 2018

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 ( Mdn = 1.31) in odds-ratio units. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect, and 9 teams (31%) did not observe a significant relationship. Overall, the 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. Neither analysts’ prior beliefs about the effect of interest nor their level of expertise readily explained the variation in the outcomes of the analyses. Peer ratings of the quality of the analyses also did not account for the variability. These findings suggest that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy in which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective, analytic choices influence research results.
Air pollution exposure and lung function until age 16 years: the PIAMA birth cohort study
Authors: Milanzi Edith B. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Smit Henriette A. , Wijga Alet H. , Oldenwening Marieke , Vonk Judith M. , Brunekreef Bert , Gehring Ulrike
Published: August 2018

Evidence for the effects of air pollution exposure on lung function growth into adolescence is scarce. We investigated associations of air pollution exposure with lung function and lung function growth until age 16.

We conducted both longitudinal (n=915) and cross-sectional (n=721) analyses of associations of air pollution exposure with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) growth from ages eight to 16 and FEV1and FVC at age 16. We estimated residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), “soot” and particulate matter (PMx, where x is the 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter in µm) with diameters of <2.5 µm (PM2.5), <10 µm (PM10) and 2.5–10 µm (PMcoarse) during the preschool, primary school and secondary school time windows by land use regression models. Associations with (growth in) FEV1and FVC were analysed by linear (mixed effects) regression.

Higher air pollution exposure was associated with reduced FEV1growth (e.g.adjusted difference −0.26% (95% CI −0.49 to −0.03%) per interquartile range increase in secondary school PM2.5) and lower FEV1(adjusted difference −2.36% (95% CI −3.76 to −0.94%)), but was not adversely associated with FVC. Associations with FEV1were stronger in boys than girls and were not modified by asthma status.

Higher air pollution exposure may lead to increased airway obstruction, but not reduced lung volume in adolescence.
Clinically relevant differences in COPD health status: systematic review and triangulation
Authors: Alma Harma , de Jong Corina , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Sanderman Robbert , Kocks Janwillem , van der Molen Thys
Published: August 2018

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) quantifies when measured differences can be considered clinically relevant. This study aims to review and triangulate MCIDs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) health status tools.

A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was conducted (Prospero #CRD42015023221). Study details, patient characteristics, MCID methodology and estimates were assessed and extracted by two authors. A triangulated mean was obtained for each tool's MCID, with two-thirds weighting for anchor-based and one-third for distribution-based results. This was then multiplied by a weighted factor based upon the study size and quality rating.

Overall, 785 records were reviewed of which 21 studies were included for analysis. MCIDs of 12 tools were presented. General quality and risk of bias were average to good. Triangulated MCIDs for the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were −2.54, −0.43 and −7.43 for improvement. Too few and/or too diverse studies were present to triangulate MCIDs of other tools.

Evidence for the MCID of the CAT and CCQ was strong and triangulation was valid. Currently used MCIDs in clinical practice for the SGRQ (4) and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (0.5) did not match the reviewed content, for which the MCIDs were much higher. Using too low MCIDs may lead to an overestimation of the interpretation of treatment effects. MCIDs for deterioration were scarce, which highlights the need for more research.
Quantitative high-resolution computed tomography fibrosis score: performance characteristics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Humphries Stephen M. , Swigris Jeffrey J. , Brown Kevin K. , Strand Matthew , Gong Qi , Sundy John S. , Raghu Ganesh , Schwarz Marvin I. , Flaherty Kevin R. , Sood Rohit , O'Riordan Thomas G. , Lynch David A.
Published: August 2018

We evaluated performance characteristics and estimated the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of data-driven texture analysis (DTA), a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-derived measurement of lung fibrosis, in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

The study population included 141 subjects with IPF from two interventional clinical trials who had both baseline and nominal 54- or 60-week follow-up HRCT. DTA scores were computed and compared with forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, distance covered during a 6-min walk test and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores to assess the method's reliability, validity and responsiveness. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to estimate its MCID.

DTA had acceptable reliability in subjects appearing stable according to anchor variables at follow-up. Correlations between the DTA score and other clinical measurements at baseline were moderate to weak and in the hypothesised directions. Acceptable responsiveness was demonstrated by moderate to weak correlations (in the directions hypothesised) between changes in the DTA score and changes in other parameters. Using FVC as an anchor, MCID was estimated to be 3.4%.

Quantification of lung fibrosis extent on HRCT using DTA is reliable, valid and responsive, and an increase of ∼3.4% represents a clinically important change.
Personalized treatment based on mini patient‐derived xenografts and WES/RNA sequencing in a patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Peng , Chen Hui , Wen Danyi , Mou Shuo , Zhang Feifei , Zheng Shusen
Published: August 2018

Background

Treatment guidelines for a variety of cancers have been increasingly used in clinical practice, and have resulted in major improvement in patient outcomes. However, recommended regimens (even first‐line treatments) are clearly not ideal for every patients. In the present study, we used mini patient‐derived xenograft (mini‐PDX) and next‐generation sequencing to develop personalized treatment in a patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Resected metachronous metastatic tumor tissues were implanted into SCID mice to determine the sensitivity to a variety of drug regimens. Mutation profiles were assessed using both DNA whole‐exome sequencing (DNA–WES) and RNA sequencing. The results of the analyses were used to select optimal treatment for the patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma.

Results

Assessment with mini‐PDX models took only 7 days. The results showed high sensitivity to S‐1 plus cisplatin, gemcitabine plus cisplatin and everolimus alone. The patient received gemcitabine plus cisplatin initially, but the treatment was terminated due to toxicity. The patient was then switched to treatment with S‐1 alone. The overall disease‐free survival was 34 months. DNA–WES and RNA sequencing identified KRAS mutation (A146T), TP53 (C229Yfs*10) and RICTOR amplification in the metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma. These findings provided further support to the results of the mini‐PDX, and suggest mTOR inhibitors should be used if and when relapse eventually occurs in this patient.

Conclusions

Mini‐PDX model combined with WES/RNA sequencing can rapidly assess drug sensitivity in cancer patients and reveal key genetic alterations. Further research on this technology for personalized therapy in patients with refractory malignant tumors is warranted.
3D numerical modeling of induced-polarization electromagnetic response based on the finite-difference time-domain method
Authors: Ji Yanju , Wu Yanqi , Guan Shanshan , Zhao Xuejiao
Published: August 2018

Induced-polarization (IP) effects have a significant influence on transient electromagnetic (TEM) data, which commonly manifest a reversed sign. Polarization media usually have a very high economic value. To study the IP effects, a new method for modeling the time-domain electromagnetic signals of 3D dispersive materials is developed. Due to the fractional time derivatives, two main difficulties are needed to be conquered: the derivation of Cole-Cole model impulse response function and the discrete recursion of convolution in Ohm’s law. We use a frequency-domain rational approximation method and the linear programming technique to transfer the fractional order system into an integer order system. This method enables us to achieve a relatively simple and high-precision solution of the Cole-Cole model impulse response. A discrete recursion method for Ohm’s law convolution is proposed to realize an efficient numerical simulation of 3D polarization media by eliminating the prohibitive computing demands. Comparisons with published methods demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our algorithm. The characteristic time constant and chargeability have monotonic influences on the IP effects, whereas the frequency dependence indicates a nonmonotonic influence on the IP effects. The negative response is more significant when the frequency dependence is in the midrange. For a 3D low-resistivity chargeable body, a larger size reduces the decay rate of the induced field, which contributes to the obscuration of the polarization field. The middle-sized chargeable body can be detected under certain conditions: high chargeability, millisecond characteristic time constant, and middle frequency dependence. Small-sized chargeable bodies cannot be recognized at all by using the current forward-modeling method and instrument, which highlights the significance of precision improvement.
Structurally coupled cooperative inversion of magnetic resonance with resistivity soundings
Authors: Skibbe Nico , Günther Thomas , Müller-Petke Mike
Published: August 2018

Hydrologic parameters, such as porosity, salinity, and hydraulic conductivity are keys for understanding the subsurface. Hydrogeophysical investigations can lead to ambiguous results, particularly in the presence of clay and saltwater. A combination of magnetic resonance sounding and vertical electrical sounding is known to provide insight into these properties. Structural coupling increases the model resolution and reduces the ambiguity for both methods. Inversion schemes using block models exist, but they have trouble resolving smooth or complex parameter distributions. We have developed a structurally coupled cooperative inversion (SCCI) that works with smooth parameter distributions and is able to introduce blocky features through the exchange of structural information. The coupling adapts the smoothness constraint locally in connection to the model roughness to allow for sharper model boundaries. We investigate the performance of the SCCI using blocky and smooth synthetic models that depend on two controlling coupling parameters. A well-known field case is used to verify the results with drilling core and well logs. Varying the coupling parameters results in equivalent models covering the bandwidth from smooth to blocky, while providing a similar data fit. The SCCI results are more consistent with the synthetic models. Structural coupling improves the resolution of the single methods and can be used to describe hydrogeophysical targets in more detail and less ambiguously.
An introduction to seismic exploration of the Micang-Dabashan foothill belt in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Qi Zhongshan , Jing Penggui , Zheng Tianfa , Li Yanqi , Yuan Maolin , Xiao Liang
Published: August 2018

Geologic studies indicate that the platform-margin reef-shallow facies in Permo-Triassic marine strata in the Micang-Dabashan foothill belt in the Sichuan Basin are favorable exploration targets for oil and gas exploration. However, the typical dual-complexity problem (complex surface condition and subsurface structure) brings a great challenge for seismic technology targeting of those potential oil and gas reservoirs. To overcome this problem, varieties of advanced seismic acquisition and processing methods have been used to improve the imaging quality of piedmont seismic data since 2000. Some improvements have been achieved: The reflection waves from the far offset and deep layer can be acquired in shot gathers from limestone outcropped areas, and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of reflection and diffraction waves in the stack section has been enhanced significantly so as to reveal amounts of valuable geologic information. The resolution and the S/N of seismic migration imaging for the strong fold zone in marine strata have been improved partially, so that the structure of the step-fault zone and the enveloping of gypsum rock are clearer than those revealed by the old seismic section. Even so, actual drilling data demonstrate that the subsurface structures of the foothill belt are far more complex than those revealed by the current seismic imaging results. Therefore, postdrilling evaluation for the validity of seismic techniques implemented in the Nanjiang and Zhenba piedmont zone has been carried out. The results indicate that the current acquisition scheme and processing workflow cannot completely fulfill the requirements of high-precision velocity modeling and migration imaging of complex structures (such as footwalls of thrust fault and small-scale fault blocks) in the piedmont zone, especially when the rugged surface and the widespread limestone outcrop appear simultaneously. Finally, we have developed some potential needs of seismic theories and techniques in the foothill belt, including seismic wave propagation, acquisition, and processing technology.
Going for Broke: A Longitudinal Study of Patient-Reported Financial Sacrifice in Cancer Care
Authors: Chino Fumiko , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Rushing Christel , Nicolla Jonathan , Kamal Arif H. , Altomare Ivy , Samsa Greg , Zafar S. Yousuf
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

Patients with cancer are at risk for substantial treatment-related costs; however, little is known about patients’ willingness to sacrifice to receive cancer care and how their attitudes and burden may change with time.

Patients and Methods:

We conducted a longitudinal survey of insured patients with solid tumor cancers receiving chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Patients were surveyed at two time points about their willingness to make financial sacrifices and their actual sacrifices, including out-of-pocket costs. Patient attitudes and sacrifices were compared over time.

Results:

Of 349 patients approached, 300 completed the baseline survey (86% response) and 245 completed the follow-up survey 3 months later (82% retention). Median patient-reported cancer-related out-of-pocket costs for patients who completed both surveys were $393 per month (range, $0 to $26,586 per month) at baseline and $328 per month (range, $0 to $8,210 per month) at follow-up. At baseline, 49% were willing to declare personal bankruptcy, 38% were willing to sell their homes, and ≥ 65% were willing to make other sacrifices, including borrowing money to afford their cancer care. Upon follow-up, there were minor decreases in willingness; the maximum net change was a 7% decline in patients willing to declare bankruptcy. Actual sacrifice increased over time; the greatest increase was in patients who used their savings (increased from 41% to 54%).

Conclusion:

A large proportion of insured patients with cancer were willing to make considerable personal and financial sacrifices to receive care; these attitudes did not change greatly over time. Shared decision making is important to ensure patients fully understand the goals, risks, and benefits of therapy before they make such personal sacrifices.