bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation in delayed diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India
Authors: Nightingale Emily S. , Bindroo Joy , Dubey Pushkar , Priyamvada Khushbu , Das Aritra , Bern Caryn , Srikant Sridhar , Cameron Mary M , Lucas Tim C D , Medley Graham F , Brady Oliver J
Published: April 2024

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a debilitating disease and without treatment, a fatal disease which burdens the most impoverished communities in northeastern India. Control and ultimately, elimination of VL depends heavily on prompt case detection. However, a proportion of VL cases remain undiagnosed many months after symptom onset. Delay to diagnosis increases the chance of onward transmission, and poses a risk of resurgence in populations with waning immunity. We checked the spatial variation of delayed diagnosis of VL in Bihar, India and aimed to understand the potential driving factors of delayed diagnosis.
Methods The spatial distribution of diagnostic delays was explored using a Bayesian model fit to geo-located cases using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approach, 1 assuming days of delay as Poisson-distributed and adjusting for individual-(age, sex, HIV) and local-level (recent incidence, vector control, health facility access) characteristics. Residual variance was modelled with an explicit spatial structure. Cumulative delays were estimated under different scenarios of active case detection coverage.
Findings The 4,270 cases analysed were prone to excessive delays outside existing endemic “hot spots”, beyond the focus of interventions. Cases diagnosed within recently-affected blocks and villages experienced shorter delays on average (by 13% 95% Credible Interval [2.9%-21.7%] and 7% [1.3%-13.1%], respectively) than those in non-recently-affected areas.
Interpretation Delays to VL diagnosis when incidence is low could influence whether transmission of the disease could be interrupted or resurges. Prioritising and narrowing surveillance to high-burden areas may increase the likelihood of excessive delays in diagnosis in peripheral areas. Active surveillance driven by observed incidence may lead to missing the risk posed by as-yet-undiagnosed cases in low-endemic areas, and such surveillance could be insufficient for achieving and sustaining elimination.
Global Supply Chain Risk and China’s Economy: Major Public Health Crisis Insights
Authors: Jin Hui , Jakovljevic Mihajlo
Published: April 2024

China's key role in the global supply chain significantly influences its economic growth, yet it faces threats from supply chain risks, notably during major public health crises. This study examines the effects of global supply chain disruptions on China's economy, using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model to assess impacts across different sectors. Findings reveal that China's economy can manage the broader effects of such disruptions post-pandemic, with industry-specific variations in trade balance, output, and employment. Increased negative impacts correlate with higher shock levels. The analysis shows primary and service industries benefit from domestic demand growth, whereas some manufacturing sectors suffer from reduced international demand. Industries deeply integrated into global value chains experience more severe effects from supply chain disruptions. The paper advises the Chinese government to address these risks, promoting domestic stability and enhancing global supply chain risk management strategies.
Sporadic hemiplegic migraine with aura-induced psychosis: A case report
Authors: Alsubaiey Maha
Published: April 2024

Background
Hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura that causes fully reversible motor weakness along with other reversible sensory, visual and/or speech/language symptoms. There are two forms of hemiplegic migraine: a familial type and a sporadic type. There are few case reports that mention the presentation of psychosis in the familiar type. In this case report, we present a sporadic form that present with psychotic symptoms. Also, will present the effect of lamotrigine as a treatment option.
Case presentation
This is a case report of an 18-year-old girl who is known to have migraine and schizophrenia ,and weretreated with olanzapine for psychosis. She presented to the ED following a severe migraine attack and unilateral motor weakness that progressed later to labile mood, hyperphagia, lapses in memory, confusion and eventually to catatonic stupor. During the inpatient admission, further assessment took place, and her diagnosis of schizophrenia was changed to sporadic hemiplegic migraine. She later reported that she develops auditory and visual hallucinations only after severe migraine attacks. The hallucinations vanish within 24-48 hours after the headache resolves.
Conclusion
Complex auditory and visual hallucinations could be associated with sporadic hemiplegic migraine. There are no case reports that documented the association of sporadic form and psychosis, and further studies should be conducted.
Antipsychotic (Olanzapine) was successful in treating and preventing psychosis associated with hemiplegic migraine, but it had no effect in reducing migraine severity and frequency. Lamotrigine showed more than 50% subjective improvement in patient migraine’s frequency and intensity and decreased the episodes of psychosis associated with it.
Supply Chain Integration and Entrepreneurial Performance: A Qualitative Investigation into Strategic Partnerships
Authors: Dewi Lutfiana
Published: April 2024

In the contemporary business landscape, characterized by rapid globalization, technological advancements, and intensifying competition, supply chain integration (SCI) and entrepreneurial performance emerge as critical determinants of organizational success and sustainability. While previous research has acknowledged the significance of both phenomena individually, limited attention has been paid to their interconnectedness, particularly within the context of strategic partnerships. This qualitative investigation aims to fill this gap by exploring the intricate relationship between SCI, strategic partnerships, and entrepreneurial performance through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. The study examines how strategic partnerships influence supply chain dynamics and entrepreneurial outcomes, shedding light on the mechanisms through which partnerships drive collaboration, innovation, and value creation within integrated supply chains. The findings reveal the strategic importance of partnerships in enhancing SCI and fostering entrepreneurial activities, emphasizing the role of trust, communication, and shared accountability in partnership success. Moreover, the study offers practical insights for organizations seeking to leverage strategic partnerships to enhance competitiveness and sustainability, highlighting the importance of building strong relationships, fostering open communication, and embracing digital technologies. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness between SCI, strategic partnerships, and entrepreneurial performance, offering valuable implications for theory, practice, and future research.
Study on the stability of the productivity index of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties under Forest­Steppe conditions
Authors: Kyienko Z. B. , Dutova H. A. , Rudenko O. A. , Sonets T. D. , Tahantsova M. M. , Makarchuk B. M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose.  To determine the stability of seed producti­vity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties. Methods. The research on common two­coloured grain sorghum varieties (‘Arabesk’, ‘Arkan’, ‘ES Villy’ and ‘Stepovyi’) was conducted in 2018–2020 in the Forest­Steppe zone on the experimental fields of the Poltava, Vinnytsia and Cherkasy branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE). In accordance with the «Methodology for the examination of plant varieties of the group of cereals, grains and legumes for their suitability for distribution in Ukraine», trials were set up, material evaluated, phenological observations and biometric measurements of plants made and harvested. Seed quality indicators were determined in accordance with the “Methodology for the qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution in Ukraine. Methods of quality determination”. The study used field, laboratory, biochemical and statistical methods. Results. Optimal conditions of the Forest­Steppe ensured timely onset of phenological phases of plant growth and development and insignificant variation of vegetation period from 117 to 123 days. Productivity of sorghum was estimated by quantitative indicators of seed yield per plant and weight of 1000 seeds. Conclusions. The Levis coefficient CS.F was calculated to characterise the phenotypic stability of varie­ties. The results showed that ‘ES Villy’ (1.00) and ‘Stepovyi’ (1.06) were stable in the experimental field of the Poltava branch of UIPVE. The conditions of Vinnytsia and Poltava branches were more favourable for the formation of high quality bicoloured sorghum grain and larger weight of 1000 seeds.
Gene­edited plants: achievements and prospects (review)
Authors: Volkova N. E.
Published: April 2024

Purpose.To analyze the current state of agricultural crop improvement using gene editing technologies. Results. The current state of plant breeding using gene editing techno­logies is analyzed. To date, genome editing has been applied to a wide range of crops, including wheat, barley, maize, legumes, soybean, rapeseed, tomato, chicory, various vegetab­le crops, fruit trees, forest trees and algae. The practical application of these technologies is illustrated by the example of genes associated with ensuring tolerance to high and low temperatures. Examples of commercialized gene­edited plants are given. Conclusions. By contributing to increased yields, improved resistance to diseases and pests, and biofortification of food crops, gene editing technology undoubtedly has great prospects and is definitely already the technology for creating improved varieties of agricultural crops.
Morphology of generative organs of Morus alba L. cultivars introduced in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Rudnyk-­Ivashchenko O. I. , Haievskyi O. V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose. The aim was to study the features of flowering and fruiting of the mulberry under conditions of the Right­Bank Forest­Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in the forest steppe zone at the experimental base of the Institute of Horticulture of the NAAS in 2021–2023. The subject was plant material of different cultivars of mulberry (Morus alba), propagated from seed progeny of the ‘Krupnoplidna’ variety; self­fertile mulberry plants were used as a control. The morphological description of the structural elements of the reproductive organs and the study of pollen via­bility were carried out according to published methods. The fruiting of the breeding forms was evaluated on a five­point scale. Results. All plants tested were found to have the abi­lity to germinate pollen. The most viable pollen (75.1%) was found in male breeding form No. 5 after 12 hours exposure and a sucrose concentration of 50%. Exposure for 24 hours caused a decrease in germination energy of up to 63.1%. The latter was lowest in the pollen grains of plants of the triploid sample at both sucrose concentrations used. The comparison of morphological characteristics and seed productivity (per fruit) of the breeding forms of M. alba showed the genetic diversity of plants of cultivars of the species, which is manifested in the difference of phenotypic characteristics due to the variability of the range of their expression. Conclusions. The highest rates of white mulberry pollen germination were obtained for breeding form No. 5 – 79.1 ± 0.36% (male specimen) with 25% concentration of sucrose in the nutrient medium. The number of fruits formed on two­year­old shoots was 21–91. The evaluation of the fruiting of the cultivars was 4–5 points, and their infructescences were 2.26–3.97 cm long (large). In general, the study of the morphology of the reproductive organs of the breeding forms of M. alba, each of which forms filled seeds with high germination energy (91–98%), showed the intactness of the reproductive functions of mulberry, which indicates the successful passage of the plants through all stages of organogenesis.
The Death of Prophet Isa in Tafsīr al-Manār by Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Rashid Rida
Authors: Junaidi Akhmad Arif
Published: April 2024

This study discusses the story of the death of Prophet Isa in Tafsīr al-Manār by Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Muḥammad Rashid Rida. Most commentators interpret QS. Ali ‘Imrān: 55 and QS. al-Nisā’: 157-158 by stating that Isa is still alive today. Allah saved Isa from assassination and crucifixion attempts by his enemies by lifting him up to the sky. One day Prophet Isa will come back down to earth before the end of the world to kill the Dajjal who committed destruction and apostasy on earth. This study is a literature review because it relies entirely on literature data from tafsir books, books, and journals, both print and online. Descriptive analysis was used in this study by including a hermeneutic approach that looked at the triadic relationship between text, interpretation, and context of interpretation. This research found that in the Tafsīr al-Manār it was mentioned that the Prophet Isa had died a natural death. Prophet Isa was indeed saved by Allah but not by lifting him to heaven. Ordinary methods protected him, finally died naturally, and was placed in a glorious place in the sight of Allah. Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Rashid Rida argue that there is not a single Qur’anic verse that states that Isa is still alive. Thus, the sentences in the Qur’an state that Isa has died. The hadith that explains the appointment of Prophet Isa is also the ḥadīth āḥād that cannot be used as a postulate for matters concerning faith or i’tiqād. This finding has implications for the understanding that the Prophet will not return to earth before the world’s end.
Reconstructing the Structure of the Qur'an: Al-Ghazali's Sufistic Approach
Authors: Lutfi Achmad
Published: April 2024

This article discusses al-Ghazali's thoughts regarding the structure of the Qur'an which is different from generally known patterns. Al-Ghazali with his Sufistic tendencies rearranged the verses and letters of the Koran into two categories, namely Jawahir and Durar. Jawahir is a verse that is directly related to the nature of Allah, while Durar is a verse that contains instructions to Allah's servants to follow the straight path through righteous deeds that are carried out firmly. Al-Ghazali views the Koran as a means to achieve makrifatullah. The research method used is a literature study with a structuralist approach by examining relevant primary and secondary sources. This article shows that Al-Ghazali's structure of the Qur'an is unique and new, namely linking the verses of the Qur'an to the nature of Allah and the straight path to makrifatullah. This article also contributes to the development of Al-Qur'an studies, especially in the fields of structure and Sufism.
Sufism among Western Academics and Women: Analysis of Distributional Factors
Authors: Suratman Junizar , Meirison Meirison , Muzakki M. Harir
Published: April 2024

This article examines and explores the phenomenon of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as the factors that influence it. The background to this study is the increased attention to Sufism after the events of September 11, 2001, in which Sufism was considered an alternative to overcome psychological anxiety in modern life. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the distribution of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as to understand the role of women in the spread of Sufism. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive analysis approach. The main finding of the study is that Sufism is considered a tolerant school and can accommodate a variety of cultures, including in the context of Western culture. The role of women in the spread of Sufism is also very important, where Sufism becomes a means to prevent moral decay and seek spiritual tranquility in the midst of spiritual pressure.
Comprehensive Analysis of Associations Extracted from Language Consciousness by Heterosemiotic (Verbal-Emblematic) Stimuli: Coats of Arms of the City of Kemerovo and the Kemerovo Region
Authors: Kameneva Veronika , Morozova Irina , Rabkina Nadezhda , Kargina Anastasiya , Tubalova Inna
Published: April 2024

he present research featured associations triggered by a stimulus that combines verbal and emblematic elements. The directed psycholinguistic experiment included 200 students of the Kemerovo State University who gave 735 associations to two heterosemiotic stimuli, i.e., the coat of arms of Kemerovo verbally marked as "Kemerovo" and the coat of arms of the Kemerovo region marked as "Kemerovo Region". A coat of arms is a metaphorical emblem that combines iconic signs, symbols, and attributes that designate both concrete and abstract concepts. The study relied on the conceptual and terminological approaches and methods of psycholinguistics, as well as on general scientific methods. The material was obtained using a directed chain psycholinguistic experiment. The obtained associations made it possible to identify the specifics of decoding the visual elements of the heterosemiotic stimulus, namely object, shape, color, and idea. The verbal element of the heterosemiotic stimulus directs the correct decoding of the information encoded in the stimulus. However, a psycholinguistic experiment based on a verbal-emblematic stimulus may lead to a partial blockage in some respondents, who may experience difficulties in generating associative meanings. Further cognitive research based on psycholinguistic experiments with heterosemiotic systems may provide new scientific data on the interaction of perception, representation, and verbal coding of processed information.
Impact of chick mash, rice bran, and wheat bran as starter feeds on the performance of black soldier fly larvae in food waste treatment
Authors: Okeyo Dan Odhiambo , Wandera Simon Mdondo , Messo James
Published: April 2024

Inadequate management of food waste (FW) has contributed to environmental degradation. Bioconversion of FW using black soldier fly larvae has proven to be a safe and cost-effective method for FW management. However, limited studies exist on the influence of starter feeds. The impact of rice bran, wheat bran, and chick mash as starter feeds was evaluated by investigating the optimal larval weight, substrate reduction, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and bioconversion rate (BCR) of the larvae after initial treatment in rice bran (T1), wheat bran (T2), chick mash (T3), and control (T4). The highest mean larval weight observed was 0.22 g in T3 followed by 0.18, 0.16, and 0.13 g in T2, T4, and T1, respectively. A similar trend was observed for substrate reduction and BCR. Nevertheless, the obtained substrate reduction range of 75.5–82.8% was comparable with the published ranges. The best performance in T3 may be attributed to high protein and nitrogen content in chick mash, while the lowest performance is attributed to high ash content in rice bran, which negatively affected the BCR. It can be concluded that the physico-chemical properties of the starter feeds strongly determine the growth and development of larvae.
Fluência de leitura em escolares do ensino fundamental
Authors: Pires Renata , Silva Rosana Gomes da , Germano Giseli Donadon
Published: April 2024

A habilidade de leitura é fundamental em nossa sociedade, visto que, por meio dela, adquirimos conhecimentos, desenvolvemos autocrítica e garantimos nossa autonomia. A fluência de leitura refere-se ao ato de ler com naturalidade, precisão e expressividade, e dificuldades nesta habilidade podem impactar negativamente o percurso acadêmico dos escolares no decorrer da educação básica. Compreendendo a importância da fluência de leitura, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o desenvolvimento desta habilidade em escolares do ensino fundamental, analisando-se artigos das bases de literatura PubMed e SciELO. Dos 117 artigos encontrados, 17 estudos foram selecionados conforme os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão propostos nesta revisão. Os artigos sugeriram uma progressão da fluência de leitura no decorrer da seriação escolar, com propensão à estabilização desta habilidade nos anos finais do ensino fundamental, e destacaram a correlação entre fluência de leitura, compreensão leitora e rendimento acadêmico.
Quality of Life in Palliative Care: A Systematic Meta-Review of Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Demuro Mauro , Bratzu Elisa , Lorrai Stefano , Preti Antonio
Published: April 2024

Background

The area of palliative care is a setting in which the evaluation of the quality of life (QoL) is fundamental. However, the topic has been covered from many different points of view, and there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis of the evidence drawn from the available literature.

Objective

We carried out a meta-review of all available systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have dedicated part or most of the investigation to the assessment of QoL in palliative care to provide the most updated and comprehensive depiction of all available information about measurement and intervention aimed at improving QoL in palliative care.

Methods

A meta-review of all recent (5 years) available systematic reviews and meta-analyses on “palliative care” and “quality of life” was carried out. The quality of the extracted studies was assessed with the AMSTAR scale.

Results

The search extracted 24 systematic reviews, 14 systematic reviews followed by a meta-analysis on a subset of data, and 2 meta-analyses. In many studies, the investigation of QoL represented a secondary or even marginal outcome. In general, the results supported the efficacy of palliative care in terminal patients or patients with a permanent disability. However, the quality of the studies had a strong influence on the chance that some improvement in QoL was found in relation to palliative care. Studies of lower quality were more likely to report some efficacy of palliative care than studies with better quality.

Conclusion

The investigation of QoL in palliative care is understudied. In many studies, QoL is a secondary outcome, and there is some tendency to use a disparate range of tools to measure it, whose reliability and validity should still be established in some groups of patients.
Performance of Soil-bearing Spread Footings Supporting Highway Structures
Authors: Tarawneh Bashar , Nusairat Jamal , Sargand Shad M. , Merklin Christopher , White Kevin
Published: April 2024

Background

Soil-bearing spread footings (SBSF) are emerging as an increasingly attractive option for supporting highway structures. SBSF offers numerous benefits compared to deep foundations, including cost-effectiveness, accelerated construction, straightforward design, environmentally friendly characteristics, and reduced maintenance requirements.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to assess the performance of highway structures that SBSF supports at four specific locations in Ohio. The findings from this assessment will serve as valuable recommendations for the future application of spread footings while identifying potential usage constraints.

Methods

The project team conducted a comprehensive review of documented performance data, assessed the effectiveness of existing footings, and compared these assessments against established structural performance criteria. Additionally, the team analyzed calculated settlements, provided an estimate of acceptable structural settlement, compared measured settlements with predicted values, and examined the relationship between performance and soil conditions.

Results

The data gathered, and field assessments conducted at all four sites encompassed in this investigation affirm that SBSF structures function as designed, displaying no signs of settlements or cracks associated with rideability. Both measured and calculated settlements fall within acceptable tolerances. While all structures exhibited acceptable levels of differential settlement, one encountered a differential settlement of approximately 54 mm between substructures, attributed to cohesive soil (A-6) in deeper layers.

Conclusion

SBSF structures were constructed by the manuals and guidelines established by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and exhibited satisfactory performance. This paper also offers recommendations for settlement monitoring methods and plan notes that should be incorporated into the Ohio Department of Transportation's practices.
Service Life Prediction of Inhibitors and Concrete Surface Coatings in Concrete-Embedded Reinforcing Steel Corrosion Caused by Chloride
Authors: M B Sreenivasa , Nagesh M. , Uppara Raghubabu
Published: April 2024

Background

Inorganic corrosion inhibitors and surface coatings have a number of drawbacks, such as high costs, toxicity to the environment, poor degradation, and environmental pollution. Green plant-derived corrosion inhibitors are being investigated extensively as a potentially useful substitute for conventional toxicity inhibitors.

Objective

In this study, we have tried to employ Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica as environmentally friendly inhibitors to improve the chloride-induced corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel in concrete. The inhibitor efficiency of environmentally friendly inhibitors has been compared with chemical inhibitors and surface coatings.

Methods

The half-cell method and the linear polarization resistance method have been used to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties of steel bars embedded in cylindrical concrete specimens with different types of green inhibitors, chemical inhibitors, and surface coatings.

Results

The addition of Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica leaf extracts to fresh concrete demonstrated a positive impact on corrosion resistance with control mixes. The efficiency of corrosion resistance increased with chemical inhibitors and surface coatings. Corrosion resistance has been found to be higher in concrete samples coated with surface coatings. From the results, surface coating has been found to exhibit the highest efficiency than the chemical and green inhibitors.

Conclusion

Overall, the study has demonstrated that, in cases of chloride contamination, surface coatings, particularly polyurethane ones, can provide protection against rebar corrosion. Organic inhibitors have shown promise as non-toxic, environmentally benign substitutes, despite their lower effectiveness.
High Concentration Whitening Gel Without Remineralizers: The Importance of Polishing and Fluoridation After Tooth Bleaching
Authors: MES Ribeiro , Baia Juliana Costa Pereira , Júnior Mário Honorato da Silva e Souza , Loretto Sandro Cordeiro
Published: April 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dental polishing and topical application of neutral fluoride after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP35%) without remineralizing bioactive components in its composition on the surface roughness (SR) of tooth enamel.

Material and Methods

Fifty healthy bovine incisors were divided into five groups (n=10 each): G1, without treatment (only stored in artificial saliva); G2, dental bleaching with HP35%; G3, dental bleaching with HP35% + tooth polishing with diamond paste; G4, tooth whitening with HP35% + topical application of fluoride; G5, dental bleaching with HP35% + tooth polishing with diamond paste + topical application of fluoride. SR readings were taken at times T0 (before treatment) and T1 (after treatment). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for samples related to Tukey's post hoc test.

Results

The lowest mean roughness was observed in G3 at T1 (0.123 Ra) and the highest mean in G1 at T0 (0.198 Ra). However, the values of all groups at T1 were not statistically different (p˃0.05) from the T0 values.

Conclusion

Coronal polishing and topical application of neutral sodium fluoride did not interfere with the roughness of the enamel bleached with a gel without remineralizing agents in its composition.
Biobutanol Production Using Non-grain Biomass Sorghum saccharatum as a Substrate
Authors: Tigunova Olena O. , Rakhmetov Dzhamal B. , Blume Yaroslav B. , Shulga Sergiy M.
Published: April 2024

Background

The global energy challenge has recently prompted biotechnological research to explore new non-food substrates of plant origin for obtaining liquid biofuels. One of the important areas of research is the process of pretreatment and further use of non-grain biomass (lignocellulose) as a substrate for bioconversion to higher alcohols.

Objective

The aim of this work was to determine the macrocomponent composition and biochemical characteristics of sweet sorghum [Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench], select an effective bacterial culture for fermentation of the non-grain part of sorghum biomass as a substrate for obtaining biobutanol, and elaborate the best protective medium and storage temperature for lyophilization of the producer.

Methods

This work was conducted using butanol producing strains Clostridium sp. UCM B-7570, Clostridium acetobutylicum UCM B-7407, and C. tyrobutylicum IFBG C4B from the “Collection of Microorganism Strains and Plant Lines for Agricultural and Industrial Biotechnology” of the Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The bacterial cultures were cultivated on the sweet sorghum biomass provided by the National Botanical Garden named after M. M. Gryshko of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. A gas chromatograph was used to determine the presence of ethanol, acetone, and butanol in the cultural liquid.

Results

It has been established that the proposed improvement of the biobutanol production process made it possible to obtain 8 g/dm3 of the target product from 60 g of dry green biomass of sweet sorghum of the Energodar variety. The composition of the protective medium for drying the Clostridium sp. UCM B-7570 culture and its storage period in the lyophilic form have been optimized.

Conclusion

The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of using the biomass of different varieties of sweet sorghum as a substrate for obtaining biobutanol, and the optimized storage conditions of the Clostridium sp. UCM B-7570 culture can minimize the possibility of its degradation.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Direct Investigation of Quality Compounds in Capsicum spp (Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Taira Eizo , Maulana Yusuf Eka
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Capsicum spp., commonly known as peppers or chili peppers, are essential horticultural crops. The unique flavors, pungency levels, and nutritional profiles of these peppers are determined by a complex composition of quality compounds such as antioxidant activity, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin. Assessing and quantifying these compounds is crucial for both agricultural and industrial purposes.

Methods

This research provides fresh insight into the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate quality compounds in Capsicum spp., such as antioxidant activity, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin. The NIRS utilized wavelengths ranging from 702 to 1065 nm with intervals of 3 nm. The total sample size was 400, consisting of 7 varieties of Capsicum spp., including cayenne pepper 'Domba', 'Manik', and 'Ratuni', as well as red chili peppers 'CB2', 'Tanjung 2', 'Lingga', and 'Tanjung'. The sample was divided into a calibration (n=300) and a prediction set (n=100), and then modeling was carried out using statistical software.

Results

Accuracy values for antioxidant activity, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin obtained were Rcal ≤ 0.86, Rpred ≤ 0.79, RMSEC ≤ 28.16, RMSEP ≤ 34.58, and RPD ≤ 1.66.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that NIRS is a rapid and precise method for investigating quality compounds in Capsicum spp., such as antioxidant activity, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale among Korean University Students during COVID-19
Authors: Jeong Hyelin , Lee Boram
Published: April 2024

Background

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item instrument that is extensively used in clinical and epidemiological studies to determine the presence of anxiety symptoms. Despite the widespread application of the HAM-A in research, it remains unclear whether the instrument’s construct is best represented as uni- or multidimensional. This study aimed to assess the reliability and construct validity of the Korean version of the HAM-A through its factor structure.

Methods

Accordingly, a cross-sectional design was employed to conduct an online survey with 252 university students enrolled in an undergraduate degree program for 4 years in South Korea during the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were employed to identify the two-factorial structure of the instrument, i.e., psychic/psychological and somatic.

Results

The results revealed that the reliability and item characteristics were favorable. Confirmatory factor analyses identified a two-factorial structure of psychic/psychological and somatic with a moderate correlation between the two latent constructs, thus suggesting a single overarching construct of anxiety.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the Korean version of HAM-A was found to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be employed to screen Korean university students for anxiety.
DONAPP: A Centralized Platform for Bridging the Gap between Donors and Recipients
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Sambhav Saurabh , Ravi Vinayakumar , Arya Apurva , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj
Published: April 2024

Background

This work proposes the development of a donation application to tackle the lack of awareness regarding local NGOs, orphanages, shelter homes, and hospitals in need of donations. The aim is to bridge the gap between donors and recipients by creating a centralized platform that facilitates communication and streamlines the donation process.

Objectives

The primary objective of the application is to connect donors with recipients efficiently and effectively. Specific features include location-based search, push notifications for urgent donation needs, user profiles to track donation history and preferences, and information on the impact of donations and the organizations involved.

Methodology

The development process involves designing and implementing various features to ensure user-friendly navigation and seamless interaction. Incorporating location-based services, push notification systems, and robust user profile management are key aspects of the methodology.

Results

To test the effectiveness of DONAPP, we conduct simple, informal user surveys that are provided to various stakeholders. These surveys are designed to assess the app in both an objective and subjective manner. The survey results show that the proposed donation application has the potential to significantly increase donation rates and save lives by connecting donors with recipients. Enhanced transparency and trust-building mechanisms, such as providing information on donation impact and participating organizations, contribute to the effectiveness of the application.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the development of this donation application addresses the critical issue of lack of awareness and inefficiency in the donation process. By leveraging technology to connect donors with recipients, the application aims to foster a culture of giving and contributing to positive social impact.
Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehraeen Esmaeil , Janfaza Nazanin , Shahidi Ramin , Afzalian Arian , Varshochi Sanaz , Jashaninejad Reyhaneh , Pashaei Ava , Tantuoyir Marcarious M. , Camara Muhammed , Paranjkhoo Parinaz , Parmoon Zohal , Elnaz Shahmohamadi , Salmani Roghayeh , Matini Parisa , Mirzapour Pegah , Ebrahimi Hooman , Moradi Ali , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Due to shared modes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-HCV coinfection is also common worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that the rates of liver fibrosis and associated complications increase considerably in this sub-population compared to a single HCV infection. Thus, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of possible associated important risk factors of accelerated liver cirrhosis among HIV-HCV coinfected subjects.

Methods

A systematic review of published studies relevant to the main risk factors of liver cirrhosis progression in HIV and hepatitis C coinfected patients was performed using databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched using keywords and their combinations. We retrieved all the relevant papers and reports published in English till 27 June 2022, which were examined by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction after a two-step screening process.

Results

The long-term or chronic hepatitis C and HIV coinfection is a substantial risk factor for Cirrhosis. Primary etiologies identified causing fibrosis, and the rapid progression of Cirrhosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients include high-risk alcohol consumption, chronic elevation of ALT, AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Body Mass Index (BMI), older age, high HIV and HCV viral loads, lower CD4+ count (<250/mm3), and male gender. Comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and high visceral fat area are suggested etiologies of cirrhosis.

Conclusion

The results showed that HIV accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver disease independent of its effect on the immune system. This effect is somehow dependent on age, gender, BMI, duration of HIV infection, and CD4 count.
Systematic Review on Public Health Problems and Barriers for Sex Workers
Authors: Mokhwelepa Leshata Winter , Ngwenya Mxolisi Welcome , Sumbane Gsakani Olivia
Published: April 2024

Background

The phenomenon of healthcare and social struggles among sex workers in communities of South Africa is a critical concern. Sex workers are often stigmatised, discriminated against, and violated. This study stems from the observation that sex workers experience daily healthcare and social challenges due to their line of work. This involves prejudice and stigma from the general public and medical professionals. Despite government efforts to raise the calibre of healthcare services, some healthcare systems remain problematic.

Objective

The study intended to critically review the publications on public health problems and barriers faced by sex workers.

Methodology

The systematic review methodology was used in the investigation. Identification of the problem, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation were the five stages of the systematic review that were carried out. The following electronic databases were used to conduct a thorough search of the literature from 2013 to 2022: CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, JStore, and Embase. The search phrases included “sex workers,” “health problems,” “barriers,” “experiences,” “challenges,” “Mental Health,” and “systematic review”. Studies that were published prior to 2013 did not focus on the challenges, barriers, and social and health problems of sex workers and were not reported in English were excluded. Following the critical review evaluation, 30 studies were selected for this study out of a total of 85 studies. The categories were constructed using Creswell's Tesch method of data analysis.

Results

The analysis yielded two themes and seven subthemes: (1) public social problems that sex workers must navigate, including violence, criminalisation of sex work, stigma, prejudice, and linguistic and cultural hurdles, (2) high rates of HIV and STIs, a lack of comprehensive knowledge of reproductive and health issues, problems with mental health, and challenging access to care are some examples of the complexity of public healthcare.

Conclusion

A multipronged approach, including legal reform, destigmatisation, and increased access to healthcare and social support services, is required to address the healthcare and social struggles of sex workers.
In Silico Validation Studies of Cyanobacterial Bioactive Compounds Against Α-amylase and Α-glucosidase Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Akhtar Salman , Farooqui Alvina
Published: April 2024

Aim

The study aims to assess the binding efficiency of cyanobacterial compounds against key Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) targets, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, using an in-silico approach. Additionally, it aims to design drugs with minimal adverse effects or no toxicity to inhibit the complications and help in the management of T2DM.

Methods

Twenty-five (25) cyanobacterial bioactive compounds were sourced from various cyanobacterial strains via the PubChem database. The three-dimensional structures of the target proteins, α-amylase (1KB3) and α-glucosidase (1QOX) were obtained from RCSB PDB and visualized using Discovery Studio Visualizer 3.0. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4.2 and Cygwin.

Results

Studies revealed that Ethyl tumonoate A, Debromoaplysiatoxin, and Scytoscalalrol exhibited higher binding interactions with α-amylase (1KB3), while Ambiguine I Isonitrile, Scytoscalalrol, and Cylindrospermopsin displayed higher binding affinities with α-glucosidase (1QOX) among the tested cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibited greater binding affinities compared to synthetic drugs like metformin (-7.66 kcal/mol) and acarbose (-8.86 kcal/mol).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that cyanobacterial bioactive compounds, particularly Ethyl tumonoate A, Ambiguine I Isonitrile, Cylindrospermopsin, and Scytoscalalrol, possess potential binding affinities with T2DM-related targets, making them promising lead compounds for the development of novel drugs with fewer side effects for the management of T2DM and its associated complications.
Uji Daya Hasil 10 Galur Jagung Pakan (Zea mays L.) Hasil Top Cross Generasi S2
Authors: Aji Agip Purnama , Sugiharto Arifin Noor
Published: April 2024

Jagung pakan (Zea mays L.) merupakan jagung yang diperuntukkan khusus sebagai bahan baku pakan ternak. Uji daya hasil dilakukan untuk memilih galur yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi calon tetua hibrida dalam seleksi berulang (recurrent selection). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai potensi hasil, rendemen, dan keragaan dari galur yang diuji dibandingkan dengan varietas jagung pakan hibrida komersil dan untuk mendapatkan informasi heritabilitasnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Juni 2023 di Desa Ana Engge, Kecamatan Kodi, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 3 ulangan dengan 11 perlakuan. Bahan yang diuji adalah 10 galur hasil topcross generasi S2 koleksi CV. Blue Akari dan 1 varietas hibrida komersial (Nusa 01). Terdapat 5 galur yang memiliki potensi hasil, rendemen, dan penampilan yang lebih baik dari varietas pembanding Nusa 01 yaitu galur JA-3, JA-4, JA-6, JA-7, dan JA-8. Terdapat 8 karakter memiliki nilai duga heritabilitas yang tinggi yaitu karakter umur silking, tinggi tanaman, umur panen, diameter tongkol tanpa klobot, panjang tongkol tanpa klobot, jumlah baris, bobot janggel, dan rendemen.
Urban Area Policy Innovation From The Perspective of Public Policy in Serang Municipality, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Public Administration, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Indonesia, Sururi Ahmad
Published: April 2024

This article aims to discuss the policy implications and criteria for ideal urban area policy innovation from a public policy perspective. This research was conducted using a case study approach using semi-structured interview data collection techniques as a data collection instrument. The results of the research show that the policy implications for urban residential areas in Serang City are still not optimal due to the limited authority of the city government and the lack of integration of SiKasep policy innovations with urban needs and problems. Apart from that, SiKasep policy innovations have not been able to have an impact due to the low ability and willingness to innovate within the civil service. country. The policy innovation criteria for ideal urban residential areas in Serang City can be applied through the New Public Services (NPS) approach as a representation of policy innovation. Research findings show the importance of strengthening regulations and legitimacy, especially in formulating programs and policies for urban residential areas that are based on regional policy standards; second, the importance of encouraging policy interventions related to access to basic services for the community; third, it is important to encourage policy actors to develop integrated programs and minimize the various interests that hinder policy innovation in urban residential areas; and fourth, participation and involvement of non-governmental elements is very important to obtain broader policy support.
Digital Transformation: Best Practices of Educational Platform in Indonesia
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Aini Qurrotu , Kurniawan Andy , Bina Sulistiyowati Tutur
Published: April 2024

The objective of this research is to scrutinize and offer a comprehensive perspective on the digital transformation in Indonesia’s educational system, along with exploring the factors that contribute to its success. The research employed a desk study approach, entailing a literature review and descriptive analysis methodology. The findings in this study reveal that the educational reform initiated by the Ministry of Education and Culture acts as a response to the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM). This reform is characterized by the adoption of the Merdeka curriculum and digital transformation, which involves technological interventions, launching various applications such as Arkas, SiPLah, Educational Report Cards and ‘Merdeka Belajar’. The technological intervention has exhibited a significant impact on users and has been in line with the defined objectives. The incorporation of technology in the educational system can streamline lengthy multi-level processes and expedite the dissemination of information. The Ministry of Education and Culture’s successful implementation of digital transformation has earned them numerous accolades both nationally and internationally. The key factors driving the success of this digital transformation include transformational leadership from the Minister of Education and Culture, school principals/teachers, the design and development process of the digital transformation that involves user engagement, and collaborative implementation.