bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMELIHARAAN INDUK IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING, Thunnus albacares DALAM BAK TERKONTROL
Authors: Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Permana Gusti Ngurah , Setiadi Ananto
Published: September 2017

Intensifikasi penangkapan ikan tuna baik yang langsung dipasarkan maupun dibesarkan dalam usaha budidaya, berpengaruh negatif terhadap kelestarian populasi ikan ini di alam. Dengan demikian upaya perbenihan secara buatan perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi tekanan terhadap populasi alam. Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol telah merintis perbenihan ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sejak tahun 2003 bekerjasama dengan Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation (OFCF) Jepang. Induk ikan tuna telah berhasil dibesarkan dan dipijahkan dalam bak beton bervolume 1.500 m3 secara terkontrol, dengan sistem pergantian air semi tertutup. Pakan yang diberikan berupa ikan layang dan cumi-cumi sekitar 2,5% biomassa per hari. Pemijahan pertama terjadi pada bulan Oktober tahun 2004, ukuran induk diperkirakan lebih dari 9,138 kg atau panjang cagak lebih dari 82 cm dengan perkiraan umur sekitar 2 tahun. Puncak pemijahan terjadi pada tahun 2005 dan 2006 dengan frekuensi pemijahan masing-masing lebih dari 100 kali. Pemeliharaan induk ikan tuna dengan kepadatan 0,66 kg/m3 belum dapat dikatakan sebagai kepadatan maksimum dan peningkatan kematian cenderung akibat ruang gerak yang semakin sempit seiring dengan pertumbuhan induk. Namun demikian kendala yang ditemukan dalam pemeliharaan induk adalah kematian akibat menabrak dinding bak sedangkan kendala dalam pemeliharaan larva adalah serangan endoparasit pada telur
浅析混凝土质量控制的方法
Authors: 张 娟
Published: September 2017

在建筑工程的各项工作中，混凝土都扮演着极为重要的角色，其在建筑物中起到基础骨架的作用，同时也可以用来装饰。因此，对混凝土的质量检测尤为重要，混凝土的整体质量决定了工程建筑物的稳定性、安全性以及耐久性等，是工程的关键材料。本文即对混凝土的质量控制做出浅要研究，提出相应的控制措施及方法，并举出了高质量混凝土的实例。
建筑经济管理中的成本控制创新策略
Authors: 刘 丽华
Published: September 2017

经济发展以及人们生活水平的提升，让建筑企业之间的竞争更加激烈，提高经济效益，探究可持续性发展之路，已经成为建筑企业生存和发展的重要工作之一。强化建筑经济管理中的成本控制是提高企业经济利益，拓展企业发展空间的重要措施。基于此，本文就建筑经济管理中的成本控制策略进行分析，以供参考。
Effets De La Digestion Gastrique Sur Les Propriétés Anthelminthiques De Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepernick & Timlerto Et De Newbouldia Laevis (P.Beauv.) Sur Haemonchus Contortus
Authors: Sidi Irvine Yèinou Minaflinou Sacca , Alowanou Géorcelin Goué , Tchétan Esaïe , Aminou Maliki Youssouf , Hounzangbé-Adoté Sylvie Mawulé , Babatoundé Séverin
Published: September 2017

Several recent studies have shown that medicinal plants Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara) and Newbouldia laevis possess anthelmintic activities in vitro on different stages of development of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic properties of residues from digestion in the rumen of leaf powders of both plants on the migration of the 3rd-stage larvae L3s of Haemonchus contortus. Residues obtained after incubation at 0 h, 24 h and 96 h kinetic points of the leaf powders of both plants in the rumen of sheep with fistulae were used for the assay. The larval migration inhibition test evaluated the anthelmintic properties of the methanolic extracts of residues of the two plants. The effect of plant extracts on larval migration was notdose- dependent (p> 0.05) but was a function of plant incubation time (p 0.05). N. Laevis seems to have retained his anthelmintic property after incubation in sacco in the rumen. On the other hand, Fagara seems to lose its effectiveness as it stays in the rumen. Findings obtained on these plants confirm their traditional use in veterinary medicine especially in the control of helminthiasis.
Pluralisme Agama Menurut Nurcholish Madjid (1939-2005) dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan
Authors: Moko Catur Widiat
Published: September 2017

Nurcholis Madjid merupakan satu dari bagian tokoh di Indonesia yang fokus pada pluralisme agama. Dalam konteks Indonesia, ada enam agama yang diakui yaitu Islam, Katolik, Protestan, Hindu, Budha, dan Khonghucu. Melihat banyaknya agama di Indonesia, Majdid menyerukan untuk mengakui keberadaannya dan bersikap toleransi. Ada tiga pemikiran Madjid tentang pluralisme agama, yaitu pertama,  pluralisme  agama  adalah sebuah paham yang mengakui keberadaan agama-agama lain dan bersikap  dewasa  menghadapi  keanekaragaman,  toleransi  dan  berlomba-lomba  dalam  kebaikan.  Kedua,  bahwa  ide  pluralisme  agama  Nurcholish  Madjid  adalah  sebuah prinsip beragama yang mengakui kebebasan beragama, hidup dengan resiko yang  akan  ditanggung  oleh  masing-masing  pemeluk  agama.  Dan  ketiga,  konsep pemikiran  Nurcholish  Madjid  adalah  dakwah  yang  terbuka,  dialogis,  toleran  dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang sekaligus menjadi ciri pemikiran Nurcholis  Madjid untuk mewujudkan Islam yang hanif dan rahmatan lil alamin.
Hermeneutical Approach For Qur’ânic Exegesis: An Offer From The West
Authors: Sudirman S
Published: September 2017

This article will present the general description of hermeneutical approach, including historical background and phenomenon in understanding the text as well as the Qur’ân. This article will try to portray hermeneutical approach in interpreting Qur’ân which has been discussed by many scholars. It found that hermeneutical approach is an alternative method to understand Qur’ân or even Hadis. It may give a new spirit in developing Qur’ân in terms of its long-lasting values.  Many modern scholars have undoubtedly struggled to show that Qur’ân will be more ‘up-to date’ and compatible with the current issues in modern life if we are open to new approach to it. However, not all scholars agree with this method since they believe that Qur’ân is a sacred book which cannot be approached by whatever Western methods, especially hermeneutics. Even, they condemn that the people apply such a method can be categorized as infidel. 
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Artikel ini akan menyajikan gambaran umum tentang pendekatan hermeneutis, termasuk latar belakang dan fenomena sejarah dalam memahami teks dan juga al-Qur'an. Artikel ini akan mencoba menggambarkan pendekatan hermeneutis dalam menafsirkan al-Qur'an yang telah dibahas oleh banyak ilmuwan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hermeneutis adalah metode alternatif untuk memahami Al-Qur'an atau bahkan Hadis. Hal ini memberi semangat baru dalam mengembangkan Alquran dalam nilai-nilai yang bertahan lama. Banyak ilmuwan modern berjuang untuk menunjukkan bahwa Alquran akan lebih 'up to date' dan sesuai dengan isu terkini dalam kehidupan modern jika kita terbuka terhadap pendekatan baru terhadapnya. Namun, tidak semua ilmuwan setuju dengan metode ini karena mereka percaya bahwa Alquran adalah kitab suci yang tidak dapat didekati dengan metode Barat manapun, terutama hermeneutika. Bahkan, mereka menyatakan bahwa orang menerapkan metode semacam itu bisa dikategorikan sebagai orang kafir.

 
MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI ANAK: Antara Mengembangkan Bakat dan Ekploitasi
Authors: Nihayah Ulin
Published: September 2017

Pengembangan potensi anak melalui pengembangan bakat minat salah satunya dilakukan dengan mengikuti acara ajang pencarian bakat minat ditelevisi. Hal ini menimbulkan dilematis, dengan tujuan ingin mengembangkan potensi yang ada, anak lebih cepat terkenal dan mendapatkan karir dalam dunia hiburan anak juga menjadi korban eksploitasi. Ironisnya mereka tidak tahu atau mungkin tidak sadar atas apa yang telah hilang di kehidupan mereka, kesempatan untuk belajar secara optimal dan masa-masa bermain mereka karena terlalu terfosir dalam melakukan pekerjaan mereka. Bukan itu saja, pengembangan potensi anak dengan beberapa ajang ter­sebut, dianggap oleh masyarakat sebagai hal yang lumrah, bahkan di­jadikan alasan bagi pendidikan anak agar mampu mandiri di masa dewasanya kelak, padahal hal tersebut merupakan sebuah eks­ploitasi anak.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PEMBENTUK KESADARAN BERAGAMA ANAK JALANAN
Authors: Hasanah Hasyim
Published: September 2017

Kesadaran beragama merupakan salah satu unsur penting dalam ke­hidupan seseorang. Kesadaran beragama anak jalanan merupakan konseptualisasi watak keberagamaan yang dibentuk individu menjadi identitas personalnya. Kesadaran beragama yang berkembang saat ini dapat dipengaruhi banyak faktor, baik bersifat internal maupun eksternal. Anak jalanan dapat mengembangkan kesadaran beragama yang positif jika mampu memunculkan motivasi dan mendapat dukungan. Motivasi spiritual adalah salah satu jenis motivasi yang me­miliki kontribusi membangun kesadaran beragama, hal sama di­beri­­kan oleh dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kon­tribusi faktor internal dan eksternal dalam membentuk kesadaran ber­agama, yaitu aspek motivasional dan dukungan sosial. Aspek motiva­sional yang biasanya diarahkan pada tema keberagamaan adalah motivasi spiritual, seseorang dengan motivasi spiritual tinggi biasanya cenderung memiliki kesadaran menghadirkan nilai-nilai ajaran agama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Aspek lain adalah aspek yang bersifat eksternal, biasanya berupa dukungan. Dukungan adalah bentuk perhatian yang diberikan pada seseorang sehingga dirinya merasa diterima lingkungannya. Seseorang dengan dukungan sosial tinggi tentu diyakini juga mampu memunculkan semangat meng­hadirkan tata nilai sosial yang diyakini benar, salah satunya agama.
PERSEPSI DAN MOTIVASI IBU TERHADAP PEMILIHAN PONPES SEBAGAI TEMPAT PENDIDIKAN BAGI ANAK
Authors: Nurkhasanah Yuli
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena menarik yang terjadi di Pondok Ngruki Surakarta. Maraknya pemberitaan berbagai media massa tentang Pondok Ngruki yang dikaitkan oleh berbagai aksi teror di Indonesia dan berujung pada terbentuknya asumsi negatif publik bahwa Pondok Ngruki merupakan sarang teroris, tidak menyurutkan para orang tua untuk tetap menyekolahkan anaknya di pondok ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persepsi dan motivasi para orang tua terhadap pemilihan Pondok Ngruki sebagai tempat pen­didikan anak di tengah asumsi publik tentang Pondok Ngruki dan Issu terorisme. Penelitian kuali­tatif ini menggunakan teknik analisis des­kriptif, dan teknik pemerolehan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil analisis menyebutkan bahwa persepsi para orang tua terhadap asumsi dan pemberitaan berbagai media umum tentang Pondok Ngruki dan Issu terorisme yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah negatif, hal itu disebabkan oleh hasil persepsional mereka yang dibentuk media berbanding terbalik dengan hasil persepsional atau penginderaan mereka secara langsung. Proses Belajar Mengajar (KBM) dan kegiatan-kegiatan di asrama berjalan normal dan wajar, sebagaimana yang terjadi di pesantren-pesantren lain. Motivasi terkuat para orang tua untuk menyekolahkan anak mereka di Pondok Ngruki adalah motivasi internal yang bersifat mental, yaitu dorongan untuk mendapatkan kebaikan dan kebenaran pada anak. Kebaikan supaya anak mereka menjadi anak salih yang mempunyai bekal ilmu agama dan umum, serta kebenaran- supaya anak mereka memahami kebenaran ajaran agama Islam dan mampu mengamalkan dalam kehidupan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa persepsi para orang tua terhadap asumsi dan pemberitaan media tentang Pondok Ngruki dan Issu terorisme; negatif dan persepsi mereka tentang KBM; positif, sehingga mereka mempunyai motivasi internal yang kuat untuk menyekolahkan anak di Pondok Ngruki.
PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER DALAM KEBIJAKAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rusmadi Rusmadi
Published: September 2017

Perubahan iklim menjadi persoalan serius yang dihadapi oleh masya­rakat global saat ini. Persoalan yang muncul tidak hanya menyangkut keberlanjutan lingkungan, tetapi juga sosial, seperti ketidakadilan gender. Penyebanya, karena perubahan iklim dirasakan berbeda dam­pak­nya antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Perempuan dan anak-anak adalah kelompok yang paling rentan pada saat terpapar dampak perubahan iklim. Pada saat yang sama, perempuan tidak memiliki kapasitas adaptasi yang cukup perempuan dalam meng­hadapi ben­cana iklim akibat minimnya akses, control, dan partisipasi dalam kebijakan perubahan iklim. Tulisan ini menyajikan pentingnya pengarusutamaan gender (PUG) dalam kebijakan perubahan iklim. Melalui PUG, dimaksudkan agar perempuan tidak mengalami ke­rentanan lebih akibat kebijakan perubahan iklim yang kurang res­ponsif gender. Pada saat yang sama, juga akan meningkatkan kualitas kebijakan perubahan iklim, baik di tingkat nasional maupun di tingkat lokal. Semakin tinggi level kesadaran gender yang dimiliki, maka semakin tinggi pula kualitas kebijakan perubahan iklim yang di­hasilkan.
PENGENALAN LITERASI MEDIA PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rahmi Amelia
Published: September 2017

Kehadiran media massa telah memberi banyak perubahan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan cara kita beragama atau mengamalkan ajaran agama yang kita anut. Seluruh lapisan masyarakat juga terkena perubahan, termasuk anak usia sekolah dasar. Hal ini disebabkan oleh daya tarik media yang begitu kuat, program yang terencana dengan kom­binasi audio dan visual yang menarik. Kompetisi yang sangat ketat membuat media massa saling berebut pemirsa, sehingga sering kali terjadi pertimbangan profit menjadi nomor satu bila dibandingkan dengan faktor edukasi isi siaran.

Literasi media adalah kemampuan untuk memahami, menganalisis dan mendekonstruksi pencitraan media. Kemampuan untuk melakukan ini ditujukan agar pemirsa sebagai konsumen media massa—termasuk anak-anak—menjadi sadar bagaimana cara media dikonstruksi/dibuat dan diakses. Literasi media harus dikembangkan dalam masyarakat kita karena tidak se­orang pun manusia dilahirkan ke dunia ini dalam kondisi telah melek media, “No one is born media literate”.

Mengajarkan pada anak-anak usia Sekolah Dasar dan sederajat (MI) menjadi sangat strategis, karena mereka adalah anak yang tengah tumbuh dengan pesat secara biologis maupun psikis. Mereka suka meniru, tanpa berupaya mengkritisinya terlebih dahulu. Orang tua dan guru merupakan pihak yang paling dekat dengan anak. Anak seumuran SD bahkan lebih sering patuh kepada gurunya bila dinasihati. Oleh karena itu guru SD dapat menyisipkan materi literasi media saat mengajar di kelas de­ngan model penayangan audio visual film kartun yang banyak digemari anak-anak, dan dialog kepada murid setelah me­nyaksikan tayangan tersebut. Jadi tidak perlu kita menyalahkan media begitu saja karena itu tidak adil. Media bisa bermanfaat (bahkan sangat banyak manfaatnya, seperti untuk pendidikan, sumber informasi dan inspirasi, kontrol sosial), namun sekaligus bisa sangat merugikan penontonnya karena.
KARAKTER ANAK DALAM NOVEL NEGERI LIMA MENARA: PERSPEKTIF NILAI AJARAN ISLAM
Authors: Maria Ulfah Novi
Published: September 2017

Tulisan ini bermaksud mencari nilai-nilai karakter apa saja yang terkandung dalam novel Negeri Lima Menara. Novel Negeri Lima Menara merupakan novel yang terinspirasi dari kisah nyata dari sang penulis yaitu Ahmad Fuadi. Novel ini bercerita mengenai keseharian Ahmad Fuadi ketika menuntut ilmu di pondok modern gontor. Nilai-nilai karakter yang peneliti temukan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kajian interteks­tual. Kajian intertekstual dimaksudkan untuk menghubungkan nilai-nilai karakter tersebut dengan ayat al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Nilai-nilai karakter dalam novel Negeri Lima Menara antara lain: keikhlasan, patuh, giat belajar, kebersamaan, jujur, gigih, tawakkal, ikhtiar, optimis, sungguh-sungguh, setia kawan, qanaah, minta ampun, berani, persatuan serta pengorbanan. Nilai pendidikan tersebut mempunyai korelasi dengan beberapa ayat al-Qur’an dan al Hadits. Dalam kajian intertekstual, ayat al-Qur’an dan hadits merupakan hipogram atas nilai-nilai karakter tersebut.
Analiza wrażliwości modelu sterowania relacjami partnerskimi na zmiany funkcji przynależności zmiennych
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta , Szewczyk Bartłomiej
Published: September 2017

The article analyzes the previously developed model controlling partnering relations in construction projects. This model is based on Mamdani fuzzy inference. Its input variables include: current assessments of particular partnering relation parameters, the weights of these parameters’ impact on time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects, as well as importance of these project assessment criteria for its manager. On the basis of the recommendation is determined to control, for each partnering relation parameter. In the article the influence of the type of membership functions for model variables on the obtained results has been investigated. The analysis has shown that the impact is insignificant.
O Tratado de Lisboa e o Processo de Revisão dos Tratados em que se Funda a União Europeia
Authors: Alves Maria Luísa Verdelho
Published: September 2017

1. Aprovação, ratificação e entrada em vigor do Tratado de Lisboa 2. A reforma do processo de revisão dos Tratados 2.1. O processo de revisão ordinário 2.1. Os processos de revisão simplificados 3. Apreciação crítica
Subsídios para a Pré-História do Primeiro Estabelecimento de Ensino da Contabilidade em Portugal (1759)
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel
Published: September 2017

O objectivo do artigo consiste em descrever alguns dos problemas prévios à fundação, pelo Marquês de Pombal, em 1759, da primitiva Aula de Comércio de Lisboa, primeira instituição de ensino em Portugal a ministrar instrução contabilística. Adicionalmente, o estudo pretende enquadrar histórica, política e socialmente a origem do ensino comercial no nosso país, empreendendo-se para o efeito um périplo pelo Portugal de Setecentos. Com o propósito de possibilitar um célere enquadramento das origens do ensino (público) da Contabilidade em Portugal, nomeadamente visando dar conta da inexistência, antes de 1759, de condições que pudessem aproveitar ao desenvolvimento da Contabilidade nacional, a investigação visa também contribuir para melhorar a compreensão da envolvente contabilística adjacente à pré-história do primeiro instituto difusor do ensino da nossa especialidade.
BLENDED LEARNING METHOD BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM AS A SPIRITUAL GUIDANCE HOLY TRINITY COMMUNITY IN DISTRICT BENGKAYANG
Authors: Vasantan Priska
Published: September 2017

Bengkayang is one of the districts the outermost in Indonesia. The district has limitations and underdevelopment in various fields, one of which is in the field of education. Writing this article aims to show that blended learning based on local wisdom is very helpful coaching Holy Trinity Community (HTC) in the district Bengkayang. It has been proven from previous studies, suggesting that coaching HTC with blended learning to be more flexible, effective and efficient . Blended learning has been applied HTC with a combination of conventional learning and e-learning in most areas in Indonesia. With the blended learning, the process of spiritual guidance becomes more flexible, effective and efficient so as to improve student in district Bengkayang.
Folktale Text Transformation: Learning Model to Read Appreciatively
Authors: Setiartin Titin , Nuryanto Jojo , Muzdalipah Ipah
Published: September 2017

This study focused on the development of learning models to read appreciatively through folktale text transformation. This study was conducted as an effort to improve the reading skills appreciatively of 12th-grade students in vocational schools. This study was a mixed method research with the subsequential design. Data were analysed by qualitative and quantitative techniques with a matching pattern of test-pretest post-test. The results showing the difference values between Randomized Pretest and Posttest significantly. Based on this differences, can be inferred that the developed learning model of narrative text transformation was capable of substantially improving skills of reading appreciatively of 12th-grade students in vocational schools. Thus, learning models to read appreciatively through folktale text transformation was effective and fit to be used in improving skills of reading appreciatively
Bellwether Garden Supply: Revising Purchase and Disbursement Processes and Controls in the Implementation of a New Accounting Application
Authors: McHugh Marion E. , Polinski Paul
Published: September 2017

An appreciation for the complementary nature of manual and automated controls is fundamental for the proper evaluation and maintenance of accounting information systems (AIS). Additionally, the implementation of application access controls is often critical for ensuring an appropriate separation of duties and, ultimately, the reliability of a given transaction processing system. This paper describes a project where students act as consultants for Bellwether Garden Supply (BGS), a small retailer in Norcross, GA.1 In the case setting, BGS is in the process of completing the implementation of Sage 50. BGS management has asked student consulting teams to evaluate its current purchases and disbursements processes and organizational structure, to make any revisions necessary to accommodate the new technology, and to document the post-implementation process using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The case provides a rich, semi-structured setting where students can: improve their understanding of application access controls, separation of duties, and other key controls in the purchases and disbursements process; gain an appreciation of the importance of the context in which accounting applications are implemented; and enhance their communication skills using BPMN.
Foreword
Authors: Hunton James E.
Published: September 2017

No abstract available.
Optimization by Using Taguchi Method of the Production of Magnesium-Matrix Carbide Reinforced Composites by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Küçük Özkan , Elfarah Tayeb , Islak Serkan , Özorak Cihan
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum production parameters in the production of magnesium matrix carbide-reinforced composites by using the powder metallurgy method. The parameter levels maximizing density (%), hardness (HB10), and bending strength (MPa) values were found by using the Taguchi method. The type of reinforcement, the amount of reinforcement, the sintering time, the sintering temperature, additive type, and additive rate were selected as the production parameters. Since the production of Mg and its alloys by using casting methods is problematic, the hot pressing method, a powder metallurgy method, was preferred in this study. Ceramic-based carbide particles were used as reinforcing materials in Mg matrix composite materials. B4C, SiC, Mo2C, and TiC carbides were preferred as the carbide. Microstructure and phase composition of the produced materials was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The hardness of the materials was measured by using a Universal Hardness device. The relative densities of the materials were determined according to Archimedes’ principle. The bending strength properties of the materials were determined by using the three-point bending test. The optimum conditions were a sintering temperature of 500 °C, sintering duration of 5 min, additive type of B4C and additive rate of 2.5%, and the results obtained at these conditions were found to be as follows; relative density of 98.74 (%), hardness of 87.16 HB10 and bending strength of 193.65 MPa. SEM images taken from the fracture surfaces showed that the carbides added to the matrix had a relatively homogeneous distribution. XRD analyses revealed that the matrix was oxidized very little, and no phase formation occurred between the matrix and the carbides. Carbide addition caused a distinct hardness increase by showing the effect of distribution strengthening in the matrix.
The Degree of Symmetrical among the Teaching Staff at Tafila Technical University
Authors: Kraimeen Hani , Al-Hajaya Suleiman
Published: September 2017

The study was conducted to identify the degree of symmetrical among the teaching staff members at Tafila TechnicalUniversity. The study community was comprised of all the 239 members of the teaching staff at Tafila TechnicalUniversity. The study sample was selected by using the stratified random method according to the faculty variablewhich included 132 members of the teaching staff. In order to achieve the study objectives; a questionnaire wasprepared. Whereas, the study results showed that the degree of identification among the members of the teachingstaff was moderate. In addition, the members of the teaching staff at the rank of associate professor and above in thehumanitarian faculties have obtained the highest averages on identification dimensions of the tool (loyalty,identification, membership).
Beleidsevaluaties: meer dan een ritueel!
Authors: de Haan Frans , van Sonsbeek Jan-Maarten
Published: September 2017

Beleidsevaluaties: meer dan een ritueel!

Dit essay is een reactie vanuit het ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid op de column ‘Beleidsevaluatie als ritueel’ van Peter van Hoesel (BO januari 2017).
MetaCRAST: reference-guided extraction of CRISPR spacers from unassembled metagenomes
Authors: Moller Abraham G. , Liang Chun
Published: September 2017

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems are the adaptive immune systems of bacteria and archaea against viral infection. While CRISPRs have been exploited as a tool for genetic engineering, their spacer sequences can also provide valuable insights into microbial ecology by linking environmental viruses to their microbial hosts. Despite this importance, metagenomic CRISPR detection remains a major challenge. Here we present a reference-guided CRISPR spacer detection tool (Metagenomic CRISPR Reference-Aided Search Tool—MetaCRAST) that constrains searches based on user-specified direct repeats (DRs). These DRs could be expected from assembly or taxonomic profiles of metagenomes. We compared the performance of MetaCRAST to those of two existing metagenomic CRISPR detection tools—Crass and MinCED—using both real and simulated acid mine drainage (AMD) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) metagenomes. Our evaluation shows MetaCRAST improves CRISPR spacer detection in real metagenomes compared to the de novo CRISPR detection methods Crass and MinCED. Evaluation on simulated metagenomes show it performs better than de novo tools for Illumina metagenomes and comparably for 454 metagenomes. It also has comparable performance dependence on read length and community composition, run time, and accuracy to these tools. MetaCRAST is implemented in Perl, parallelizable through the Many Core Engine (MCE), and takes metagenomic sequence reads and direct repeat queries (FASTA or FASTQ) as input. It is freely available for download at https://github.com/molleraj/MetaCRAST.
Parallel folding pathways of Fip35 WW domain explained by infrared spectra and their computer simulation
Authors: Zanetti‐Polzi Laura , Davis Caitlin M. , Gruebele Martin , Dyer R. Brian , Amadei Andrea , Daidone Isabella
Published: September 2017

We present a calculation of the amide I′ infrared (IR) spectra of the folded, unfolded, and intermediate states of the WW domain Fip35, a model system for β‐sheet folding. Using an all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation in which multiple folding and unfolding events take place we identify six conformational states and then apply perturbed matrix method quantum‐mechanical calculations to determine their amide I′ IR spectra. Our analysis focuses on two states previously identified as Fip35 folding intermediates and suggests that a three‐stranded core similar to the folded state core is the main source of the spectroscopic differences between the two intermediates. In particular, we propose a hypothesis for why folding via one of these intermediates was not experimentally observed by IR T‐jump.
Influence of Stress‐Aging Processing on Precipitates and Mechanical Properties of a 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Jiang Yu‐Qiang , Zhang Jin‐Long , Chen Xiao‐Min
Published: September 2017

Two‐step stress‐aging tests, as well as pre‐treatment plus stress‐aging experiments, are performed on a 7075 aluminum (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) alloy. Influences of stress‐aging parameters on mechanical behavior and fracture mechanism are investigated through uniaxial tensile test and fracture morphology analysis. It is revealed that the stress‐aging dramatically influences the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the studied alloy, which is contributed to the sensitivity of microstructures to stress‐aging. When the alloy undergoes two‐step stress‐aging, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength first increase and then decrease with the increased first step stress‐aging temperature, while the elongation first decreases and then increases. For the retrogression pre‐treated plus stress‐aged alloy, the yield strength first increases and then drops with the increased retrogression pre‐treatment time, while the ultimate tensile strength almost remains stable. Furthermore, the elongation continuously increases with the increased retrogression pre‐treatment time. The observation of fracture morphology indicates that the dimple‐type intergranular fracture is the main fracture mechanism for the two‐step stress‐aged and retrogression pre‐treated plus stress‐aged alloys.
Densification of Type I Collagen Matrices as a Model for Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Worke Logan J. , Barthold Jeanne E. , Seelbinder Benjamin , Novak Tyler , Main Russell P. , Harbin Sherry L. , Neu Corey P.
Published: September 2017

Cardiac fibrosis is a disease state characterized by excessive collagenous matrix accumulation within the myocardium that can lead to ventricular dilation and systolic failure. Current treatment options are severely lacking due in part to the poor understanding of the complexity of molecular pathways involved in cardiac fibrosis. To close this gap, in vitro model systems that recapitulate the defining features of the fibrotic cellular environment are in need. Type I collagen, a major cardiac extracellular matrix protein and the defining component of fibrotic depositions, is an attractive choice for a fibrosis model, but demonstrates poor mechanical strength due to solubility limits. However, plastic compression of collagen matrices is shown to significantly increase its mechanical properties. Here, confined compression of oligomeric, type I collagen matrices is utilized to resemble defining hallmarks seen in fibrotic tissue such as increased collagen content, fibril thickness, and bulk compressive modulus. Cardiomyocytes seeded on compressed matrices show a strong beating abrogation as observed in cardiac fibrosis. Gene expression analysis of selected fibrosis markers indicates fibrotic activation and cardiomyocyte maturation with regard to the existing literature. With these results, a promising first step toward a facile heart‐on‐chip model is presented to study cardiac fibrosis.
Interface‐Driven Structural Distortions and Composition Segregation in Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures
Authors: Ditto Jeffrey , Merrill Devin R. , Mitchson Gavin , Gabriel Joshua J. , Mathew Kiran , Hennig Richard G. , Medlin Douglas L. , Browning Nigel D. , Johnson David C.
Published: September 2017

The discovery of emergent phenomena in 2D materials has sparked substantial research efforts in the materials community. A significant experimental challenge for this field is exerting atomistic control over the structure and composition of the constituent 2D layers and understanding how the interactions between layers drive both structure and properties. While no segregation for single bilayers was observed, segregation of Pb to the surface of three bilayer thick PbSe–SnSe alloy layers was discovered within [(PbxSn1−xSe)1+δ]n(TiSe2)1 heterostructures using electron microscopy. This segregation is thermodynamically favored to occur when PbxSn1−xSe layers are interdigitated with TiSe2 monolayers. DFT calculations indicate that the observed segregation depends on what is adjacent to the PbxSn1−xSe layers. The interplay between interface‐ and volume‐free energies controls both the structure and composition of the constituent layers, which can be tuned using layer thickness.
Heavy‐Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell's Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K
Authors: Doubleday Charles , Armas Randy , Walker Dana , Cosgriff Christopher V. , Greer Edyta M.
Published: September 2017

Multidimensional tunneling calculations are carried out for 13 reactions, to test the scope of heavy‐atom tunneling in organic chemistry, and to check the accuracy of one‐dimensional tunneling models. The reactions include pericyclic, cycloaromatization, radical cyclization and ring opening, and SN2. When compared at the temperatures that give the same effective rate constant of 3×10−5 s−1, tunneling accounts for 25–95 % of the rate in 8 of the 13 reactions. Values of transmission coefficients predicted by Bell's formula, κBell , agree well with multidimensional tunneling (canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling), κSCT. Mean unsigned deviations of κBell vs. κSCT are 0.08, 0.04, 0.02 at 250, 300 and 400 K. This suggests that κBell is a useful first choice for predicting transmission coefficients in heavy‐atom tunnelling.
Effects of plasticizer on structures, non‐isothermal crystallization, and rheological properties of polyarylates
Authors: Yoo Tae Jong , Song Bu Seup , Lee Youn Eung , Bae Byeong‐Soo , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: September 2017

We herein report the effects of plasticizer content (1–5 wt %) on the structure, non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics, thermal stability, and rheological property of a new type of multicomponent polyarylate (PAR). Fourier transform infrared spectra reveal the presence of a specific interaction between plasticizer and PAR chains, indicating the good dispersion of the plasticizer at the molecular level. The plasticizer influences on the non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of the PAR in two different ways: a mobility enhancer of PAR chains and an impurity to the crystallization of PAR. The melt‐crystallization temperature (Tmc) and enthalpy (ΔHmc) of the plasticized PARs at cooling runs are higher than those of the neat PAR, which is owing to the enhanced mobility of PAR chains by the plasticizer. On the other hand, the non‐isothermal crystallization rates at different cooling rates of 5–40 °C/min are slower for the PARs with higher plasticizer contents, which is due to the impurity effect of the plasticizer on the melt‐crystallization of PARs. Although the PARs with 1–5 wt % plasticizer have lowered thermal decomposition temperatures, compared to the neat PAR, they are thermally stable up to ∼400 °C. The complex melt viscosity of PAR with only 1 wt % plasticizer is far lower than that of the neat PAR. Overall, it is found that only 1 wt % plasticizer is quite effective to facilitate the melt‐processibility and to increase the crystallinity of PAR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45704.
Importance of oceanographical background for a conservation priority areas network planned using MARXAN decision support tool in the Russian Arctic seas
Authors: Spiridonov Vassily , Solovyev Boris , Chuprina Ekaterina , Pantyulin Anatoly , Sazonov Alexei , Nedospasov Andrei , Stepanova Svetlana , Belikov Stanislav , Chernova Natalia , Gavrilo Maria , Glazov Dmitry , Krasnov Yury , Tertitsky Grigory , Onufrenya Irina
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present study is to assess a conservation priority area (CPA) network proposed for the Russian Arctic seas (47 areas) with regard to underlying oceanographical features and to discuss further development of marine conservation planning.

The oceanographical features included in the analysis were obtained from the literature or inferred from schemes of climatic oceanography.

The most frequent oceanographic feature associated with a particular CPA is constant advection of a particular water mass, followed by local water mass transformation, seasonal ice zones, flaw polynyas, and external sources of nutrients. Particularly important are major frontal zones, and coastal phenomena such as coastal/offshore waters transition zones, massifs of fast ice and specific regimes of semi‐isolated fjords and bays.

Each Arctic sea in the study area or its large part (in the Barents Sea) is characterized by a distinct combination of oceanographical features associated with the respective CPAs.

Although most oceanographical features were not involved in the process of developing the CPA network directly, the resulting CPAs are shown to have a solid oceanographical background.

While this oceanographical background needs further understanding, it provides the possibility to refine the MPA boundaries and plan future studies. Furthermore it allows evaluation of potential resistance and resilience of CPAs to climate change by focusing on relevant oceanographical processes and the adaptive potential of biota on an area by area basis.
Planning for the future: Incorporating global and local data to prioritize coral reef conservation
Authors: Harris Jill L. , Estradivari E. , Fox Helen E. , McCarthy Orion S. , Ahmadia Gabby N.
Published: September 2017

It is necessary, yet challenging, to manage coral reefs to simultaneously address a suite of global and local stressors that act over the short and long term. Therefore, managers need practical guidance on prioritizing the locations and types of conservation that most efficiently address their goals using limited resources.

This study is one of the first examples of a vulnerability assessment for coral reefs that uses downscaled global climate change projections and local anthropogenic stress data to prioritize coral reef locations for conservation investment. Vulnerability was separated into manageable and unmanageable components (bleaching likelihood and local anthropogenic stressors, respectively), and the highest priority was given to places with low levels of unmanageable threats and high levels of manageable threats. Following prioritization, resilience characteristics were derived from standard reef monitoring data and used to identify the specific conservation strategies most likely to succeed given local ecological conditions and threats.

Using Indonesian coral reefs as a case study, 9.1% of total coral reef area was identified as of high conservation priority, including parts of Raja Ampat, Sulawesi, and Sumatra that are not currently included in marine protected areas (MPAs).

Existing MPAs tend to be located in areas less threatened by local‐scale anthropogenic activities, which has implications for both the implementation costs and the likely impact of conservation investment. This approach employs common and publicly available data and can therefore be replicated wherever managers face the familiar challenge of allocating limited conservation resources in the face of rapid global change and uncertainty.
Facing the future: Conservation as a precursor for building coastal territorial cohesion and resilience
Authors: Goussard Jean‐Jacques , Ducrocq Mathieu
Published: September 2017

On a global scale, most of the coastal zones in the world are undergoing rapid and accelerating changes. This coastal syndrome combines two major trends: one linked to the growth of coastal populations, habitat, transport and industrial infrastructures (assets); the other linked to the influence of climate change and its effects in terms of sea‐level rise, increased frequency of extreme weather events, acidification and increase in ocean surface temperature, both affecting the health of coastal ecosystems. This situation is also reflected in the increase in coastal engineering solutions, which have significant impacts on coastal hydrodynamics and natural ecosystems.

This extremely dynamic context calls for an evolution in conservation and spatial planning strategies in order to better anticipate changes that may affect not only the sustainability of both the distribution and health of natural ecosystems, but also the relevance of conservation efforts. Marine and coastal protected areas help preserve ecological services, and reduce the risks faced by coastal communities. Therefore, it can be argued that the effectiveness of these conservation units will depend on the ability, (i) to take into account their territorial context, and also (ii) to base the management decisions on a prospective and sufficiently anticipated (future‐oriented) approach. MPA management must be proactive to cope with such rapid changes.

The Nexus approach, promoted by the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management ‐ coastal ecosystem group (CEM/CEG), places marine and coastal spatial planning as a key integrative element linking conservation, adaptation to climate change and coastal risk reduction, and as a part of no‐regret adaptation strategies. This paper highlights the main factors that characterize current coastal dynamics, and then briefly presents three future‐oriented pilot operations, implemented in Western Africa at different scales. These operations illustrate how MPAs must become structuring elements for the organization and development of coastal territories if they are to contribute to the resilience of coastal systems and to ensure their own long‐term sustainability.
Identification and Engineering of Post‐PKS Modification Bottlenecks for Ansamitocin P‐3 Titer Improvement in Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum ATCC 31280
Authors: Ning Xinjuan , Wang Xinran , Wu Yuanting , Kang Qianjin , Bai Linquan
Published: September 2017

The type‐I polyketide ansamitocin P‐3 (AP‐3) is a potent antitumor agent. Its production is most likely hampered by the required multiple substrate supplies and complicated post‐PKS modifications in Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum ATCC 31280. For titer improvement, gene ansa30, encoding for a glycosyltransferase competing for the N‐demethyl‐AP‐3 (PND‐3) intermediate for AP‐3 biosynthesis, was initially inactivated. In the mutant NXJ‐22, the AP‐3 titer was increased by 66% along with an obvious accumulation of PND‐3, indicating that the N‐methylation is a rate‐limiting step. Alternatively, when abundant upstream intermediate 19‐chloroproansamitocin was fed into a PKS mutant, 3‐O‐acylation was further identified along with the N‐methylation as the rate‐limiting steps. Subsequent overexpression of N‐methyltransferase gene asm10 in NXJ‐22 resulted in a 93% increase of AP‐3 and a corresponding 92% decrease of PND‐3. Additional supplementation of L‐methionine, the precursor for SAM biosynthesis, substantially decreased the accumulation of PND‐3. In parallel, the 3‐O‐acylation bottleneck was relieved by feeding with L‐valine to NXJ‐22, resulting in a 126% increase of AP‐3. Eventually, a combined asm10 overexpression and supplementation of L‐methionine and L‐valine resulted in a 5‐fold increase of AP‐3, from 42 ± 2 mg L−1 to 246 ± 6 mg L−1, without any noticeable accumulation of PND‐3.
Meta-analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Spencer S M , Trower A J , Jia X , Scott D J A , Greenwood D C
Published: September 2017

Background

Alcohol is a possible risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but evidence from individual studies is weak and inconsistent. Existing narrative reviews suggest the possibility of non-linear associations. The aim here was to quantify any association using a systematic literature review, followed by dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched systematically to January 2017 for relevant prospective studies of alcohol consumption and AAA risk. Summary estimates of highest versus lowest levels of consumption, and linear and non-linear dose–response curves were quantified using random-effects models.

Results

Eleven relevant cohorts were identified describing results from 3580 individuals with among 473 092 participants. Data were extracted from ten cohorts for meta-analyses of high versus low levels of alcohol consumption (risk ratio for AAA 0·93, 95 per cent c.i. 0·78 to 1·11; P = 0·4, I2 = 47 per cent). The linear dose–response risk ratio for AAA, derived from 11 cohorts, was 1·00 (0·97 to 1·04) per 8 g alcohol per day (P = 0·9, I2 = 73 per cent). Non-linear dose–response results showed a tick-shaped curve with lower risk up to 2 units/day, but increasing risk beyond that (P = 0·05). The increase in risk beyond 2 units/day was stronger in men than in women.

Conclusion

Although the linear dose–response analysis revealed little evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and AAA risk, a tick-shaped trend in the association was observed. This non-linear dose–response analysis revealed reduced risks for alcohol consumption below 2 units/day, masking increased risks for 2 or more units/day.
Aromatic Halogenation by Using Bifunctional Flavin Reductase–Halogenase Fusion Enzymes
Authors: Andorfer Mary C. , Belsare Ketaki D. , Girlich Anna M. , Lewis Jared C.
Published: September 2017

The remarkable site selectivity and broad substrate scope of flavin‐dependent halogenases (FDHs) has led to much interest in their potential as biocatalysts. Multiple engineering efforts have demonstrated that FDHs can be tuned for non‐native substrate scope and site selectivity. FDHs have also proven useful as in vivo biocatalysts and have been successfully incorporated into biosynthetic pathways to build new chlorinated aromatic compounds in several heterologous organisms. In both cases, reduced flavin cofactor, usually supplied by a separate flavin reductase (FR), is required. Herein, we report functional synthetic, fused FDH‐FR proteins containing various FDHs and FRs joined by different linkers. We show that FDH‐FR fusion proteins can increase product titers compared to the individual components for in vivo biocatalysis in Escherichia coli.
Heptazine: an Electron‐Deficient Fluorescent Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Bala Indu , Singh Harpreet , Battula Venugopala Rao , Gupta Santosh Prasad , De Joydip , Kumar Sunil , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: September 2017

Herein, room‐temperature discotic liquid crystals based on heptazine, an electron deficient central core, are reported for the first time. Mesomorphic behaviors of the materials are also investigated. Supramolecular assembly of the mesophase derivatives were confirmed by X‐ray scattering experiments. Heptazine‐based solid thin films are strong blue light emitters, whereas in the solution state, they are weakly emissive or non‐emissive. The band gap energy is found to be low in this class of compounds. Formation of room‐temperature mesophases, low band‐gap behavior, and strong blue‐light emission in the solid state are promising attributes for optoelectronic applications of the materials.
Dual Visible Light‐Triggered Photoswitch of a Diarylethene Supramolecular Assembly with Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Wang Conghui , Liu Yu
Published: September 2017

Research on photochromic molecules switched by visible light is of particular interest for their application in bioimaging and stimuli‐responsive materials. Here, a photoswitchable supramolecular assembly comprised of monocharged bispyridinium‐modified diarylethenes (DAEs) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) has been constructed, which exhibits reversible photochromic behaviour with visible light in both directions. The transformation of CB[8] not only prompts the DAEs to form charge‐transfer complexes, but also restricts its intramolecular rotation to enhance fluorescence emission. In this CB[8]‐containing supramolecular system, the π‐conjugation is extended and its absorption is bathochromically shifted for visible light‐driven cyclization of DAEs. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of the supramolecular assembly can also be reversibly modulated by visible light. These findings may furnish a new strategy for the development of visible light‐driven fluorescent biomaterials and molecular machines.