bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interview with Petra Slinkard Nancy B. Putnam Curator of Fashion and Textiles at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts
Authors: Healy Marley
Published: August 2020

This article contains an interview with Petra Slinkard, the Nancy B. Putnam Curator of Fashion and Textiles at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. Ms. Slinkard is the first to hold this position at the museum and has held it since February 2018. Prior to this, Ms. Slinkard was the Curator of Costume at the Chicago History Museum. She has a Bachelor of Science in Fashion Merchandising, a Bachelor of Arts in Art History, and a Master of Science in Fashion/Textile History. Over the course of almost ten years, leadership at the museum endeavored to create a plan that would mobilize its fashion and textile collection and reinvigorate its active collecting of fashion objects. This year, the museum opened a new wing that has allocated a specific venue for showcasing exhibitions dedicated to the exploration of its fashion collection.

What follows are excerpts from a conversation between the author and the curator. Topics include the Fashion and Textile Collection at the Peabody Essex Museum, the new Fashion and Design Gallery, and the accessibility of the institution’s collection.
Do the Banks Comply to GRI guidelines for Sustainable Reporting Practices? Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Tanmay , Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq , Chakraborty Brishti , Lima Reshma Pervin , Jahan Shakila
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the degree and nature of sustainability reporting practices of listed banks in Bangladesh in compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Data are gathered from annual reports through content analysis of 29 banks listed in the Dhaka   Stock   Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) for the period between 2011 and 2018. Stakeholder and legitimacy theory is the theoretical perspective underlying the study. The findings of the study revealed that 0% in 2011 and 17.14% in 2018 disclosed sustainability reports in line with GRI. On the other hand, the disclosure of sustainability information trend has increased from 32% in 2011 to 59% in 2018 considering 22 categories of information where most of the banks disclosed the highest information relating to green banking (C7) least information relating to public policy (C19). The major limitations of the study are the size of the sample, only secondary sources of data, and descriptive. This study only involved 29 listed banks in DSE and CSE. The policymakers (Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of finance, commerce, law, and environment), management of the respective organization, the NGOs, and professional accounting bodies can progress to enact and amend corporate laws for effective sustainable reporting design for the public and private entities. This research recognizes the gap of sustainable reporting practices to implement the vision of 5'ps (people, prosperity, partnership, peace, and the planet) according to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030.
Near-infrared Spectral Characterization of Solar-type Stars in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Lewin Collin D. , Howell Ellen S. , Vervack Ronald J. , Fernández Yanga R. , Magri Christopher , Marshall Sean E. , Crowell Jenna L. , Hinkle Mary L.
Published: August 2020

Although solar-analog stars have been studied extensively over the past few decades, most of these studies have focused on visible wavelengths, especially those identifying solar-analog stars to be used as calibration tools for observations. As a result, there is a dearth of well-characterized solar analogs for observations in the near-infrared, a wavelength range important for studying solar system objects. We present 184 stars selected based on solar-like spectral type and V−J and V−K colors whose spectra we have observed in the 0.8–4.2 μm range for calibrating our asteroid observations. Each star has been classified into one of three ranks based on spectral resemblance to vetted solar analogs. Of our set of 184 stars, we report 145 as reliable solar-analog stars, 21 as solar analogs usable after spectral corrections with low-order polynomial fitting, and 18 as unsuitable for use as calibration standards owing to spectral shape, variability, or features at low to medium resolution. We conclude that all but five of our candidates are reliable solar analogs in the longer wavelength range from 2.5 to 4.2 μm. The average colors of the stars classified as reliable or usable solar analogs are V−J = 1.148, V−H = 1.418, and V−K = 1.491, with the entire set being distributed fairly uniformly in R.A. across the sky between −27° and +67° in decl.
Infrared Observations of 2I/Borisov near Perihelion
Authors: Lee 李見 Chien-Hsiu 修 , Lin 林省 Hsing-Wen 文 , Chen 陳英 Ying-Tung 同 , Yen 顏聖 Sheng-Feng 峰
Published: August 2020

As the first interstellar comet, 2I/Borisov provides a unique opportunity to study the surface composition of a comet from another stellar system, particularly whether it has water ice. In order to investigate the nature of 2I/Borisov, we conducted infrared observations close to perihelion. The water ice, if present, is expected to be revealed by absorption features at 1.5 and 2 micron. We therefore used FLAMINGOS-2 mounted on the Gemini south telescope, to carry out deep imaging on 2019 November 30 UT and spectroscopy on 2019 December 7 UT. At first glance, our imaging did not reveal an apparent coma or a cometary tail. This is due to the bright sky background and our short exposure times. Nevertheless we were able to put an upper limit of the size of the nucleus, as well as provide high-precision astrometry that can be used to investigate nongravitational acceleration in the future. Our infrared spectra showed a negative slope, contrary to the results by Yang et al. It is not unheard of for a comet to show a negative slope, and to progressively exhibit a spectrum with decreasing slope. Possible causes of the decreasing slope are an increase in water ice and/or decrease in dust size. Given the fact that our observations were carried out close to perihelion, it is likely that both factors contribute to the decreasing, negative slope of the infrared spectrum.
Presupernova Neutrinos: Directional Sensitivity and Prospects for Progenitor Identification
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mainak , Lunardini Cecilia , Timmes F. X. , Zuber Kai
Published: August 2020

We explore the potential of current and future liquid scintillator neutrino detectors of

kt mass to localize a presupernova neutrino signal in the sky. In the hours preceding the core collapse of a nearby star (at distance

kpc), tens to hundreds of inverse beta decay events will be recorded, and their reconstructed topology in the detector can be used to estimate the direction to the star. Although the directionality of inverse beta decay is weak (∼8% forward−backward asymmetry for currently available liquid scintillators), we find that for a fiducial signal of 200 events (which is realistic for Betelgeuse), a positional error of ∼60° can be achieved, resulting in the possibility to narrow the list of potential stellar candidates to less than 10, typically. For a configuration with improved forward−backward asymmetry (∼40%, as expected for a lithium-loaded liquid scintillator), the angular sensitivity improves to ∼15°, and—when a distance upper limit is obtained from the overall event rate—it is in principle possible to uniquely identify the progenitor star. Any localization information accompanying an early supernova alert will be useful to multimessenger observations and to particle physics tests using collapsing stars.
Exploring the Acceleration Mechanisms for Particle Injection and Power-law Formation during Transrelativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Kilian Patrick , Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Li Hui
Published: August 2020

Magnetic reconnection in the relativistic and transrelativistic regimes is able to accelerate particles to hard power-law energy spectra f ∝ γ
−p
(approaching p = 1). The underlying acceleration mechanism that determines the spectral shape is currently a topic of intense investigation. By means of fully kinetic plasma simulations, we carry out a study of particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection in the transrelativistic regime of a proton–electron plasma. While earlier work in this parameter regime has focused on the effects of electric field parallel to the local magnetic field on the particle injection (from thermal energy to the lower-energy bound of the power-law spectrum), here we examine the roles of both parallel and perpendicular electric fields to gain a more complete understanding on the injection process and further development of a power-law spectrum. We show that the parallel electric field does contribute significantly to particle injection, and is more important in the initial phase of magnetic reconnection. However, as the simulation proceeds, the acceleration by the perpendicular electric field becomes more important for particle injection and completely dominates the acceleration responsible for the high-energy power-law spectrum. This holds robustly, in particular for longer reconnection times and larger systems, i.e., in simulations that are more indicative of the processes in astrophysical sources.
Reliable Probability Forecast of Solar Flares: Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R)
Authors: Nishizuka Naoto , Kubo Yuki , Sugiura Komei , Den Mitsue , Ishii Mamoru
Published: August 2020

We developed a reliable probabilistic solar-flare forecasting model using a deep neural network, named Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R). The model can predict the maximum classes of flares that occur in the following 24 hr after observing images, along with the event occurrence probability. We detected active regions from 3 × 105 solar images taken during 2010–2015 by Solar Dynamic Observatory and extracted 79 features for each region, which we annotated with flare occurrence labels of X-, M-, and C-classes. The extracted features are the same as used by Nishizuka et al.; for example, line-of-sight/vector magnetograms in the photosphere, brightening in the corona, and the X-ray emissivity 1 and 2 hr before an image. We adopted a chronological split of the database into two for training and testing in an operational setting: the data set in 2010–2014 for training and the one in 2015 for testing. DeFN-R is composed of multilayer perceptrons formed by batch normalizations and skip connections. By tuning optimization methods, DeFN-R was trained to optimize the Brier skill score (BSS). As a result, we achieved BSS = 0.41 for ≥C-class flare predictions and 0.30 for ≥M-class flare predictions by improving the reliability diagram while keeping the relative operating characteristic curve almost the same. Note that DeFN is optimized for deterministic prediction, which is determined with a normalized threshold of 50%. On the other hand, DeFN-R is optimized for a probability forecast based on the observation event rate, whose probability threshold can be selected according to users’ purposes.
Unveiling the Hierarchical Structure of Open Star Clusters: The Perseus Double Cluster
Authors: Yu 余 Heng 恒 , Shao 邵 Zhengyi 正义 , Diaferio Antonaldo , Li 李 Lu 璐
Published: August 2020

We introduce a new kinematic method to investigate the structure of open star clusters. We adopt a hierarchical clustering algorithm that uses the celestial coordinates and the proper motions of the stars in the field of view of the cluster to estimate a proxy of the pairwise binding energy of the stars and arrange them in a binary tree. The cluster substructures and their members are identified by trimming the tree at two thresholds, according to the σ-plateau method. Testing the algorithm on 100 mock catalogs shows that, on average, the membership of the identified clusters is (91.5 ± 3.5)% complete and the fraction of unrelated stars is (10.4 ± 2.0)%. We apply the algorithm to the stars in the field of view of the Perseus double cluster from the Data Release 2 of Gaia. This approach identifies a single structure, Sub1, that separates into two substructures, Sub1-1 and Sub1-2. These substructures coincide with h Per and χ Per: the distributions of the proper motions and the color–magnitude diagrams of the members of Sub1-1 and Sub1-2 are fully consistent with those of h Per and χ Per reported in the literature. These results suggest that our hierarchical clustering algorithm can be a powerful tool to unveil the complex kinematic information of star clusters.
Using the “Ghost Front” to Predict the Arrival Time and Speed of CMEs at Venus and Earth
Authors: Chi Yutian , Scott Christopher , Shen Chenglong , Owens Mathew , Lang Matthew , Xu Mengjiao , Zhong Zhihui , Zhang Jie , Wang Yuming , Lockwood Mike
Published: August 2020

Using in situ measurements and remote-sensing observations, we study two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that left the Sun on 2012 June 13–14 and impacted both Venus and Earth while the planets were in close radial alignment. The two CMEs generate multiple fronts in Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)/Heliospheric Imager (HI) images, which can also be observed in the “J-map” as bifurcated features. We present the “ghost front” model to combine remote observations from STEREO/SECCHI and in situ observations from the Wind and Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft, and to derive the kinematics and propagation directions of the CMEs. By fitting the observations of multiple fronts to a kinematically evolving flux rope model and assuming the CMEs undergo deceleration through frictional drag with a steady-state solar wind, we confirm that the outer and inner fronts of the CMEs as detected in HI images are consistent with peaks in Thomson scattered light returned from the flank and nose of a single front for each CME. An interaction takes place between CME-1 and CME-2 that can be observed in the HI-1 field of view (FOV) before CME-1 encounters Venus. The multipoint in situ observations of the shock–CME interaction event serve as further evidence of the interaction between CMEs. The arrival times calculated from the ghost front model are within 2.5 hr of those observed at VEX and Wind. Our analysis indicates that ghost fronts could provide information about the longitudinally extended shape of the CME in the FOV of HI-1, which can be used to improve the forecast of interplanetary CME arrival time at Earth.
Anthyllis cytisoides L. (Fabaceae), new to the Italian native flora
Authors: Selvi Federico
Published: August 2020

We present the first finding of Anthyllis cytisoides L. in Italy. This western Mediterranean woody species was found close to the coastline on the southwest side of Mt. Argentario in southern Tuscany, on limestone rocks within a xerophytic garrigue community of the Erico multiflorae-Rosmarinetum officinali association. A description of the plant is given along with an original iconography and photos taken in the field. The reasons for considering this population of natural origin are briefly discussed, along with the possible causes of its wide disjunction from the rest of the species range.
Water management improvement in PEM fuel cells via addition of PDMS or APTES polymers to the catalyst layer
Authors: UNGAN Hande , BAYRAKÇEKEN YURTCAN Ayşe
Published: August 2020

Water management is one of the obstacles in the development and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Sufficient humidification of the membrane directly affects the PEM fuel cell performance. Therefore, 2 different hydrophobic polymers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), were tested at different percentages (5, 10, and 20 wt.%) in the catalyst layer. The solution was loaded onto the surface of a 25 BC gas diffusion layer (GDL) via the spraying method. The performance of the obtained fuel cells was compared with the performance of the commercial catalyst. Characterizations of each surface, including different amounts of PDMS and APTES, were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. Molecular bond characterization was examined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and surface hydrophobicity was measured via contact angle measurements. The performance of the fuel cells was evaluated at the PEM fuel cell test station and the 2 hydrophobic polymers were compared. Surfaces containing APTES were found to be more hydrophobic. Fuel cells with PDMS performed better when compared to those with APTES. Fuel cells with 5wt.% APTES with a current density of 321.31 mA/cm2and power density of 0.191 W/cm2, and 10wt.% PDMS with a current density of 344.52 mA/cm2and power density of 0.205 W/cm2 were the best performing fuel cells at 0.6V.
Un réseau épistolaire dans la tourmente des intrigues politiques : Gerbert d’Aurillac et ses correspondants au cœur de la lutte pour le pouvoir entre Ottoniens, Carolingiens et Capétiens (984–989)
Authors: Cousin Michaël
Published: August 2020

Lors de la préparation de l’édition de son corpus épistolaire, Gerbert d’Aurillac retrancha 28 lettres compromettantes de son corpus initial. Ces lettres, principalement rédigées entre 984 et 987, lors des crises de succession aux trônes de l’Empire germanique et de Francie occidentale, témoignent du « triple jeu » de Gerbert et d’Adalbéron de Reims dans la lutte pour le pouvoir alors engagée entre les Ottoniens, les Carolingiens et les Capétiens. Mais, plus encore, ces lettres confidentielles constituent le canevas d’un réseau épistolaire impliqué dans les intrigues politiques de cette époque charnière dans la redéfinition des équilibres dynastiques continentaux. De par son contenu et les liens qu’il crée entre Gerbert et ses correspondants, ce corpus épistolaire constitue un témoignage unique sur les origines, la composition, l’organisation, la structure, la configuration et les stratégies d’un réseau épistolaire au cœur d’une crise politique. Surtout, son étude permet de saisir les bouleversements (désistements, ralliements, définition d’une nouvelle stratégie, …) qui l’impactent au gré des soubresauts de la crise. Enfin, l’étude est l’occasion de faire le point sur le devenir de ce réseau épistolaire après l’avènement d’une nouvelle dynastie.
Les échanges épistolaires professionnels et privés d’un procureur de Dijon au xv e siècle
Authors: Becchia Cécile
Published: August 2020

Une soixantaine de courriers et minutes, vestiges de l’activité professionnelle et personnelle d’un procureur municipal de Dijon ( xv e  siècle), ont échu aux archives de la ville. Une première série d’échanges, avec ses interlocuteurs du Parlement de Paris, a trait au suivi des affaires en cours et accompagne la circulation des pièces juridiques et le versement de gages, mais laisse aussi transparaître des développements intimes et la circulation de cadeaux. D’autres envois adressés à la mairie lors de ses déplacements à Paris ou à la cour permettent de saisir habitudes de travail et mobilisation de réseaux d’intermédiation. Un exil temporaire, lié à un épisode de peste, ainsi que sa relation à son fils ouvrent la porte de son hôtel et de la vie familiale. Les derniers moments du procureur vieilli sont eux aussi entourés de tractations épistolaires entre la ville et le pouvoir ducal, qui tente d’imposer un successeur de son choix.
What is the Correlation between Institutions and Access to Credit in Alternative Finance?
Authors: Paul Bénédique
Published: August 2020

Despite microfinance is spread worldwide as a tool to assist the poor, it fail to create inclusion for the poorest of the poor. In Haiti, community-based microcredit associations have been created locally to help fill this gap. As any financial organization, these Associations de Base de Cotisations et de Prêts (ABCP) designed internal institutions to govern members interactions and access to credit. In this empirical study, we analyze those institutional arrangements and answer the following question (with econometric estimates): What is the correlation between institutions and access to credit in alternative finance represented by the ABCP? Our results show positive and significant correlation between institutions designed in the ABCP and members access to credit. This result is consistent with previous research on links between social, financial and institutional capital, and create avenue for future research on microeconomic aspects of institutions.
La filière maïs en Haïti dans une analyse de compétitivité par rapport au maïs moulu importé : une approche plurielle avec enjeux de croissance de consommation et production du maïs local
Authors: Daméus Alix , Valcin Rival
Published: August 2020

Plusieurs marchés agricoles ont été libéralisés en Haïti après 1986, parmi lesquels celui du maïs moulu qui est un produit important dans la consommation locale. Cette libéralisation met en présence sur les marchés du pays du maïs moulu local et du maïs moulu importé qui semblent entrer en concurrence par rapport à la demande du consommateur basée, entre autres, sur les prix et certains attributs physiques des produits qui sont deux éléments de compétitivité de produit pour un consommateur. Sachant qu’un produit local peu compétitif sur le marché aura une faible demande et par conséquent une faible production à l’échelle nationale, nous avons analysé sur certains marchés, dans le cas d’Haïti, la compétitivité du maïs moulu local par rapport à deux marques de maïs moulu importé (Gourmet, importé des États-Unis au moment de l’enquête et Gradoro, importé de la République dominicaine). Cette compétitivité a été analysée du point de vue du prix au bout de la filière et payé par le consommateur et sur la base d’éléments autres que le prix (hors-prix) se rapportant à la qualité des produits comme perçue par le consommateur. Les résultats ont montré que le maïs moulu local haïtien est compétitif du point de vue prix par rapport aux deux marques de maïs moulu importé (Gourmet et Gradoro) sur tous les marchés concernés par l’étude. Cependant, du point de vue hors-prix ou mieux sur la base d’appréciation de qualité par les consommateurs, le maïs moulu local est plus compétitif par rapport à celui importé de marque Gourmet sur tous les marchés situés au plus à 120 km du centre de production (Kans, au Sud-Ouest du pays), mais pas sur les marchés proches du centre d’importation (Port-au-Prince) et situés au plus à 40 km de cette ville, la capitale du pays. Il n’y a pas d’évidence que le maïs moulu local est plus apprécié sur les places de marché que la marque Gradoro importée de la République dominicaine. De plus, le maïs moulu local et celui importé (Gourmet et Gradoro) ne sont pas des produits substituables sur tous les marchés considérés.
Les territoires du cacao biologique, alternatives productives et femmes indigènes, Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: Chavarochette Carine , Rodriguez Tania
Published: August 2020

À partir d’enquêtes de terrains réalisées depuis 2010 auprès de populations vivant dans la zone frontalière de Talamanca au Costa Rica, et plus particulièrement auprès de femmes indigènes Bribri, nous analysons les constructions des identifications bribri, c’est-à-dire la relation entre le rôle de la femme, de l’agricultrice et le territoire (bribri, frontalier, national). Anthropologie et géographie politique permettent ici de comprendre les rapports de pouvoirs et les processus de patrimonialisation qui se mettent en place dans une région où les acteurs ont des représentations territoriales et des intérêts commerciaux et politiques divers.Plus particulièrement, il s’agit de s’intéresser aux logiques de résistance des organisations de femmes productrices de cacao biologique pour s’opposer à l’expansion des monocultures de bananes. Comment ces organisations résistent et articulent un discours autour de l’importance de protéger la culture traditionnelle de cacao et la protection de l’environnement (PILA) ?
Recolectores de miel, cazadores de enjambres y criadores de abejas en Perú, Brasil, Cuba, Nepal y Australia (2012-2019)
Authors: Perichon Le Rouzic Samuel
Published: August 2020

Donde las abejas melíferas comparten territorio con los humanos, se utilizan prácticas más o menos sofisticadas para cosechar miel. Esquemáticamente, distinguimos la recolección de miel, la caza de abejas o la captura de enjambres, y la cria de abejas. Estas categorías de actividades pueden coexistir en el mismo territorio y afectar a una o más especies al mismo tiempo. En general, el mantenimiento de las prácticas de cosecha resulta de un apego muy fuerte a las tradiciones ancestrales o la imposibilidad de domesticar a las abejas. La caza expresa un deseo de apropiación de la colonia por quienes la descubren, lo que la protege de la destrucción deliberada. Lo mismo es cierto para trampar enjambres. En todos los casos, la domesticación puede considerarse como un nivel superior en la evolución de las prácticas, ya que los humanos pueden multiplicar artificialmente enjambres, mantener o aumentar su ganado y obtener mayores rendimientos de miel que una colonia en la naturaleza. A partir de encuestas etnozoológicas que hemos realizado en Perú, Brasil, Cuba, Nepal y Australia, mostraremos cómo la domesticación de las abejas puede enfrentar especificidades geográficas, históricas y culturales. Para hacer esto, hemos construido una cuadrícula de criterios categóricos para determinar un valor de índice y formar una nube de puntos comparando las prácticas de recolección o caza / captura con las prácticas apícolas. El resultado produce una línea de regresión decreciente que demostraría que la racionalización de las prácticas conduce a una disminución de las tradiciones de recolección y caza.
Cueilleurs de miel, chasseurs d’abeilles, piégeurs d’essaims et apiculteurs dans le monde – Études ethnozoologiques réalisées au Pérou, Brésil, Cuba, Népal et en Australie (2012-2019)
Authors: Perichon Samuel
Published: August 2020

Partout où des abeilles mellifères partagent un territoire avec des hommes, il existe des pratiques apicoles plus ou moins évoluées techniquement. De manière schématique, on distingue la cueillette des miels sauvages, la chasse ou le piégeage d’essaims et l’élevage des abeilles. Ces trois catégories d’activités peuvent cohabiter sur un même territoire et concerner une ou plusieurs espèces à la fois. À partir d’enquêtes ethnozoologiques que nous avons menées au Pérou, au Brésil, à Cuba, au Népal et en Australie, nous monterons comment la domestication des abeilles peut se heurter à des spécificités géographiques, historiques et culturelles. Pour ce faire, nous avons construit une grille comprenant 29 variables afin de déterminer une valeur indiciaire et former un nuage de points en confrontant les pratiques de cueillette ou de chasse avec les pratiques d’élevage. Le résultat produit une droite de régression décroissante ce qui démontrerait que le développement de l’apiculture entraînerait un recul des traditions apicoles dans les deux autres catégories à savoir la cueillette et la chasse.
Yoga Therapy
Authors: Lafer Eileen M. , McCuiston Margaret , Swanson Ann
Published: August 2020

This chapter reviews the evidence supporting the efficacy of yoga therapy for wellness, and as an adjunct to standard care for a number of chronic conditions. The underlying mechanisms are explored, including the physiological and biochemical changes that have been observed in yoga practitioners. Yoga has been found to activate the relaxation response—a physiological state which reduces stress on bodily systems. Yoga leads to changes in gene expression, including decreases in the expression of genes involved in stress and inflammation. The positive effects of yoga therapy are interpreted through the lens of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model, which cultivates eudaimonic well-being and salutogenesis. Researchers attribute a wide range of yoga's therapeutic benefits largely to its whole-person approach to well-being.
Clinicians Applying Yoga Principles and Practices in Pain Care
Authors: Prosko Shelly , Taylor Matthew J.
Published: August 2020

This chapter provides a practical introduction and guidelines for clinicians and researchers to appreciate the relationship between two enormous topics: pain and yoga. The emphasis is on practicality for both audiences with frequent citation to recent related publications and their deeper citations. The intention to fuel the imaginations of both clinicians and researchers occurs with a foundational understanding of how yoga, pain, and pain care are related. The authors' experience in the clinic using yoga for people with pain and future areas for clinical and research inquiry are included. A list of techniques for the clinic, their clinical rationale, and two case reports ground the material and invite additional reflection for the psychophysiological applications of yoga in pain care.
CONFLITOS AMBIENTAIS E GESTÃO DA ÁGUA: PROBLEMAS DE ABASTECIMENTO, URBANIZAÇÃO E MINERAÇÃO EM VIÇOSA, MG
Authors: Dias Silvano Souza , Laschefski Klemens
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho visa analisar questões da água no contexto da produção capitalista do espaço urbano, partindo da hipótese que a atual crise tem suas origens na transformação do mundo natural em decorrência deste processo. Neste contexto, os conflitos ambientais são utilizados como categorias de análise para identificar limitações dos procedimentos atuais da gestão da água. A partir de três conflitos no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, em torno do sistema de abastecimento, da expansão urbana em zonas rurais e da instalação de um mineroduto foram elucidados os discursos legitimadores das perspectivas em disputa. Verificou-se que a gestão da água sustentada por discursos da modernização ecológica para solucionar problemas representa uma visão fragmentada das espacialidades e das territorialidades envolvidas nos conflitos. Este estudo mostrou, assim, que a suposta racionalidade técnico-científica é empregada a serviço dos detentores da produção capitalista do espaço enquanto os atingidos, enraizados nos locais demandados, estão sendo privados dos seus direitos.
A REGIÃO DO MATOPIBA: MODERNIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA, DINÂMICAS E TRANSFORMAÇÕES URBANAS, EM ESPECIAL OS CERRADOS PIAUIENSES
Authors: Rufo Tiago Fernandes , Sobrinho Fernando Luiz Araújo , Araújo Gilvan Charles Cerqueira de
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de discutir e analisar a região denominada Matopiba no âmbito do planejamento/desenvolvimento regional e as devidas transformações socioespaciais emergentes, destacando as novas dinâmicas na economia urbana de Bom Jesus e Uruçuí __ as duas principais cidades do agronegócio piauiense, verificando os novos processos urbanos e populacionais gerados pela expansão e consolidação da agricultura tecnificada. A metodologia para elaboração deste artigo baseia-se na leitura de trabalhos e produção de fichas de leituras, além da busca de dados e informações em instituições públicas, como no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), através dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010, além do site IBGE Cidades, bem como atividades de pesquisa em campo e discussão em grupo de pesquisa. Nesse contexto, o Matopiba foi considerado como resultado de diversas ações de fomento a expansão do agronegócio, onde o Estado teve papel fundamental na construção dessa região, privilegiando agentes hegemônicos, como: grandes empresas nacionais e transnacionais diretamente relacionadas ao agronegócio. Os cerrados piauienses, ocupados com maior intensidade a partir da primeira década do século XXI, é um dos exemplos onde evidencia-se as mudanças socioespaciais em curso no Matopiba, como alterações e transformações socioespaciais, além de mudanças nas relações econômicas em escala local e regional do recorte espacial apresentado e nas características da economia urbana, especialmente nas cidades Bom Jesus e Uruçuí.
Structure and Morphology of Copper Subtituted in La0.667Ba0.333Mn1-xCuxO3 (x = 0.35 and 0.40)
Authors: Syahrizal Rayhan Faiz , Kurniawan Budhy
Published: August 2020

A perovskite manganate material La0,667Ba0,333Mn1-xCuxO3 (x = 0.35 and 0.40) were prepared. The samples were synthesized by sol gel method. The samples were sintered at 1000OC for 6 hours. Rietveld refinement shows that both samples are crystallized in orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. This results is in accordance with Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor value which are 0.8698 and 0.8701 for x = 0.35 and 0.4, respectively. Subtitutions with large amount of copper ions in B-sites caused the unit cell to decrease from 236.234 Å3 to 236.088 Å3 . Futher calculation from crystallography Refinement also shows that copper subtitutions increase the crystallite size of the samples from 74.8 nm to 94.49 nm. It has been found from the SEM results that copper subtitutions also alter the morphology of the samples.
The Influence of Cu Subtitution on the Crystal and Morphological Structure of Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) Manganites
Authors: Arbianto Bathara Bhisma , Kurniawan Budhy , Sudarmaji Arief
Published: August 2020

The sequence of Cu substituted Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-XCuxO3 ( x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) manganite has been studied and it has effect in the structure. The samples was synthesized using the citric acid sol-gel method. The samples was sintered at 800 °C for 5 hours. The crystallography and morphological of all samples was investigated using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Rietveld analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction shows that all the samples crystallize in orthorhombic structure with pnma space group symmetry without any impurity phase. The Cu substitution does not change the crystal structure, but it changes the grain size. SEM results showed a valid different morphological structure. The increasing Cu concentration, it made the grain size larger, dispite all the samples had the same treatment.
The Dependence of Magnetic Moments on Magnetic Impurities of Ni in Eu1.86Ce0.14Cu1-yNiyO4+a-d
Authors: Syakuur Muhammad Abdan , Maryati Yati , Widyaiswari Utami , Sari Dita Puspita , Saragi Togar , Risdiana
Published: August 2020

The partially substitution of magnetic impurity Ni for Cu in electron-doped superconducting cuprates of Eu2-xCexCu1-yNiyO4+a-d with x = 0.14 and y = 0, 0.01 and 0.02 has been studied in order to investigate the effect of Ni impurity on structure and the value of magnetic moments per unit volume extracted from susceptibility data in under-doped region. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements were carried out at low temperatures down to 2 K. For sample with y = 0, diamagnetic behavior is observed starting from about 9 K. The superconductivity disappeared at y ³ 0.01. The values of magnetic moment in every volume unit decreased with increasing Ni.
The Addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide Layer to TiO2 Photoanode of DSSC Using UV Oven Spraying Method
Authors: Safriani Lusi , Aprilia Annisa , Suryaningsih Sri , Yuliasari Fitri , Nurawan Muhammad Rizki , Nuroctaviani Astri , Dina Elsayu , Amelia Titis , Syakir Norman , Fitrilawati
Published: August 2020

The third generation of photovoltaic, called as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have attracted much attention and currently become an interesting research topics. One important part of DSSC that determines its performance is photoanodes. Recently, graphene has been used to enhance the efficiency of DSSC through the increasing of electronic transportation. Introduction of graphene into DSSC is realized by changing the form of graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through the reduction process. In this work, DSSC based on TiO2 photoanodes modified by rGO were fabricated. rGO layer was deposited on TiO2 mesoporous layer using UV-oven spraying method. We found that parameters of DSSC such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor increase with the incorporation of rGO layer in TiO2photoanodes. DSSC with TiO2/rGO photoanodes has the highest power conversion efficiency of 11.01% which contributed from the enhancement of short circuit current. The rGO layer found to be an effective layer to block charge recombination in photoanode.
Study of Purity and Electrical Resistivity of Eu1.91Ce0.09CuO4 and Eu1.84Ce0.16CuO4
Authors: Tayubi Yuyu Rachmat , Maryati Yati , Nafisah Nur'aini , Auliya Diba Grace , Nurwati Eka , Amalia Tiara , Syakuur Muhammad Abdan , Wiendartun  , Feranie Selly , Saragi Togar , Risdiana
Published: August 2020

The samples of Eu2-xCexCuO4 (ECCO) with x = 0.09 (Eu1.91Ce0.09CuO4) and x = 0.16 (Eu1.84Ce0.16CuO4) have been synthesized by the solid reaction method without annealing. Each sample is covered with CuO to prevent excess oxygen entering the sample. The purity and electrical resistivity were investigated by x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and resistivity measurements. From the XRD analysis, it was found that the purity of ECCO phase was 93.5% with tetragonal structure of T’ for x = 0.09 while 96.1% for x = 0.16. These results show that the synthesis method with CuO covering has succeeded in synthesizing materials with high purity. From the electrical measurements, the trace of superconductors was not observed in all samples. It is probably the existence of excess oxygen, which was not fully absorbed by CuO Covering.
The Effect of Interaction Weight on Dipole Field Calculations to Reconstruct the La2CuO4 μSR Spectrum
Authors: Adiperdana Budi , Risdiana
Published: August 2020

A modified dipole field equation proposed to reconstruct the μSR spectrum theoretically. Gaussian interaction weight added in dipole field calculation to investigate the effective interaction range between muon and its surrounding spin. The width of Gaussian interaction weight traced until the theoretical spectrum fit the data. The theoretical spectrum limited only to minima within the unit cell. By using the interaction weight the main peak spectrum can be reproduced without having a contradiction with the magnetic moment measured from neutron. Effective interaction between muon and surrounding spin estimated to be around which is relatively small.
Synthesis of High Quality Porous Carbon from Water Hyacinth
Authors: Nurhilal Otong , Lesmana Renaldy Sharin , Ramadayanti Karina , Habibah Sholihatul , Hidayat Sahrul , Sumiarsa Dadan , Risdiana
Published: August 2020

Water Hyacinth (WH) is a plant that can absorb various pollutants in water. However, this plant is categorized as an invasive plant that can become a weed in the waters. To improve the functionality of WH, processing of WH is needed to be used for various applications. One of modifications of WH is as porous carbon for battery cathode composite. In this paper, we reported a synthesis of a porous carbon from WH. WH is processed into carbon by carbonization at various temperatures of 400, 500 and 600 °C with various activators of KOH, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 to obtain high quality porous carbon which has high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area and large porous volume. All synthesized carbons were characterized by proximate analysis measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The highest carbon fixed content of 37.79% is obtained from charcoal with a carbonization temperature of 400 °C. The largest specific surface area of 264.77 m2/g was obtained from activated carbon with H3PO4 as activator. The values of pore volume and pore radius were 0.186 cm3/g and 1.56 nm, respectively.
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Hardness of Ti-6Al-7Nb
Authors: Maharani Della , Anawati Anawati , Jujur I. Nyoman , Damisih
Published: August 2020

The metastable β Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been used clinically as a permanent implant material owing to its suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the alloying element V was accused of causing toxicity when released to human body fluid. In this work, Nb was used in the alloy to replace V. This study presents the characterization of microstructure and mechanical hardness of as-cast Ti-6Al-7Nb and after solution treatment. The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was fabricated by the centrifugal casting method. Solution treatment was carried out at 970°C for 1 hour, followed by oil quenching, and consecutively an aging treatment was applied at 500°C for 8 hours. The microstructure was studied by an optical microscope. The mechanical hardness was measured by microhardness Vickers. The results show that the mechanical hardness of the Ti-6Al-7Nb decreased from 396.2 to 377.2 HV as a result of the solution treatment. Reduction in the hardness was attributed to the phase transformation of α to the β phase during the solution treatment. The XRD analysis showed a reduction in the intensity of α phases at the (011), (012), and (020) planes in the alloy after the solution treatment. The results indicated that the microstructure and mechanical hardness of Ti-6Al7-Nb alloy were affected by the solution treatment.
The Effect of Temperature Synthesis on the Purity and Crystallinity of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Yusuf Azhari , Muhammad Norman Maulana , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Risdiana
Published: August 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate compound [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] which is non-toxic and has high biocompatibility. HA can be synthesized from natural basic ingredients with high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content such as chicken eggshells. Here, we reported the synthesis of HA from chicken eggshells by hydrothermal methods. The effects of temperature synthesis of 120 °C and 230 °C on the purity and crystallinity were investigated in order to get information about best synthesis temperature for producing high quality of HA. The structure and crystallinity of HA were determined by XRD and FTIR. Morphology of HA is determined by TEM, while the composition was determined by XRF, respectively. High purity samples of HA with hexagonal structure of P63/m were successfully obtained with synthesis temperature of 120 °C and 230 °C. For HA synthesized in 120°C, the purity was 97.7%, while for HA synthesized in 230 °C, the purity was 97.8%. Two types of impurities, namely Ca(OH)2 and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ware detected in both samples, It was also obtained the degree of crystallinity of 26.86% and 56.46% for samples synthesized at 120 °C and 230 °C, respectively. HA synthesized with at 230 °C has a higher and better crystallinity.
Palladium Role in Growth of ZnO Nanostructure with Plasmonics Layering by Seed Mediated Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Albaihaqi Yogi , Abdi Rinaldo , Natalia Sella , Syahputra Romi Fadli , Awitdrus  , Iwantono
Published: August 2020

The electrical and optical properties of nanomaterials depend on their structural form. As an effort to develop an advanced nanomaterial, zinc oxide (ZnO) is interesting to synthesis for many applications such as active material for solar cells and biosensors. This paper provides the role of palladium and plasmonic materials in growing ZnO nanostructure, with a focus on its structural analysis. Nanomaterial ZnO was grown by seed-mediated hydrothermal method with layering by plasmonic materials, i.e. gold (Au) and platinum (Ag). X-ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of three dominant peak angles, i.e 34.43o, 36.32o, and 47.49o corresponding to crystal orientation of (002), (101) and (102), respectively. Palladium (Pd) treatment plus layering by plasmonic materials give a higher size of the nanostructure, but their electric band gaps are decreasing slightly. These findings also supported by high absorbance in UV-vis spectra. Gold layering on the nanomaterial gives a more significant role than platinum which indicated by higher size in diameter and higher absorption of UV-Vis spectra. The average size of pristine ZnO, ZnO:Pd, ZnO:Pd:Ag, and ZnO:Pd:Ag are 44.13, 45.99, 45.28, and 44.81 nm, respectively.
Temperature in the Extraction Process: The Number of Cavities Created in Polymer Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Caffeine
Authors: Royani Idha , Rahmayani Jumatul , Maimuna  , Koriyanti Erry , Jorena  , Saleh Khairul , Monado Fiber
Published: August 2020

The extraction process is a crucial part of the synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP). The process will have a significant impact on the number of its cavities that affects the polymers’ ability to recognize targets with the same physical and chemical properties as the analytes. Caffeine polymers have been prepared by the cooling-heating method using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, and chloroform as a solvent. The resulting caffeine polymer powder was extracted using chloroform, methanol / acetic acid (1:20), and methanol, respectively. Finally, the polymer powder is washed using the aquabidest, which is heated at 60°C. The results of FTIR, XRD, and SEM characterization showed that caffeine concentration was significantly reduced. The number of cavities obtained from caffeine MIP is 604 more than before extracted, which is 132 pieces.
Morphology of Micro-Porous Membrane of Waste Cigarette Butts Using Phase Inversion Method
Authors: Setianto  , Men Liu Kin , Bahtiar Ayi , Wibawa Bambang Mukti , Hidayat Darmawan
Published: August 2020

The separation technique in industrial processes with membrane technology is very important. Ultrafiltration membrane is one type of membrane using the principle of pressure-push force. One of the most commonly used ultrafiltration membrane materials is cellulose acetate (CA) membrane. The advantage of CA as a membrane material is that easily produced and its raw material which is a renewable source. The aim of this work is to present a simple experimental and simulation studies to illustrate the phase separation in the membrane synthesis process by the phase inversion technique. Simulation is used to determine the surface characteristics of the synthesized membrane. Two systems commonly used for the preparation of membrane synthesis are waste cigarette butts (WCB)/acetone/water. The effect of adding WCB concentrations (1 and 2 pieces) to the initial polymer casting solution was studied through simulation and compared with available experimental data. The experimental results are in accordance with the simulation was carried out. It shows that the surface profile of the membrane with the composition of the polymer film during precipitation can provide important information about the structure and substructure of the membrane formed. This also shows that the influence of CA concentration is closely related to changes in pore size on the membranes that are formed. The asymmetrical membrane structure prepared by the phase inversion process is influenced by the type and concentration of the polymer (WCB), solvent, membrane thickness and temperature and processing time.
Rolled Supercapacitor Device Model Using Carbon-Sheet as Electrodes in KCl Electrolyte System
Authors: Dzujah Diyan Unmu , Hidayat Rahmat , Fitrilawati  , Syakir Norman
Published: August 2020

Supercapacitor is an electronic device with characteristic of having higher power density than battery and higher energy density than conventional capacitor. In order to achieve exceptional power and energy density, it is necessary to use materials with high specific surface area as its electrodes. In this study, we prepared a rolled supercapacitor device model using carbon sheet as the electrodes and 1 M KCl electrolyte. A carbon sheet was soaked in 1 M KCl and assembled as a rolled supercapacitor device model. Performance of the rolled supercapacitor device model was measured using a cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a voltage range of-0.8 V to +0.1 V with scan rate variations of 1 mV/s, 5 mV/s, 10 mV/s, 15 mV/s and 20 mV/s. Cyclic voltammetry measurement provide results as follows, Esp = 0.289 to 0.103 Wh/kg and Psp = 5.024 to 35.738 W/kg. By using Ragone plot we found that the prepared rolled supercapacitor using carbon-sheet as electrodes had met criteria of supercapacitor. The result show that the carbon sheet has a good prospect to be used as electrodes for rolled supercapacitor.