bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report of Obtaining Botanical Seeds of Xanthosoma spp. in Cuba
Authors: Jiménez Medina Alay , Morales Alfredo , Galvez Guerra Diosdada , Calero Hurtado Alexander , Kukurtcu Bulent
Published: November 2024

In Cuba, Xanthosoma spp., are propagated asexually (rhizomes or cormels), because this plant species rarely or never produces inflorescences, which has limited their ability to produce botanical seeds. However, the Genetic Improvement Program (GIP) of the Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT by Spanish abbreviation) have as objective to investigate methods that allowed flowering induction of Xanthosoma spp. plant and consequently the production of seeds botanical. Under controlled conditions, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) was applied via injection at concentrations of 500, 750, and 1000 mg.L−1 and VIUSID® Agro at a concentration of 0.2 mL.L−1 via foliar spraying and a control (without GA3 and VIUSID® Agro). Results showed that the emission of inflorescences and seeds occurred in all the accessions evaluated at the concentration of 1000 mg.L−1 of GA3 plus VIUSID® Agro. In addition, the botanical seeds reached a total mass of 10.6 g, a length of less than 1.5 mm and a 92% of germination and the seed color varied from light yellow to dark yellow. These findings constitute the first scientific evidence of obtaining botanical seeds of Xanthosoma spp. in Cuba, which strengthens the genetic diversity and sexual reproductive capacity and the possibility of producing new varieties.
SiCTT.net: Satellite Image Clustering Transpose Transformation Deep neural network for Mixed Pixel Deforestation Analysis in Optical Satellite for Land Use Land Cover Application
Authors: Darbari Priyanka , Agarwal Ankush , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2024

Deforestation monitoring in Brazil for Land use land cover application is the combination of up-to-date monitoring and accuracy. For detailed observation on time, need a Sentinel-2 multi-spectral satellite imagery which is a combination of multiple bands of different frequency for better analysis. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images are the combination of high resolution and low-resolution images which create problem for classifying the object due to mixed pixel problem. Due to mixed pixel problem in optical satellite detection of the object is difficult which effects the accuracy. To identify the mixed pixel problem to combine multiple bands using Band Math to create a new band for detecting mixed pixel and to analyse the pixel using segmentation and clustering. To classify the Brazil Amazon Forest deforestation between 2019 and 2023 proposing a Satellite Image clustering Transpose Transformation Deep Neural Networking (SiCTT.net). To compare the CNN and Transpose CNN transformation with the help of accuracy and based on the results, proposed network gives better accuracy and helps to detect mixed pixel problem.
Exploring Audit Opinions: A Deep Dive into Ratios and Fraud Variables in the Athens Exchange
Authors: Yiannoulis Yiannis , Vortelinos Dimitrios I. , Passas Ioannis
Published: November 2024

This study investigates whether a model combining financial ratios and non-financial variables can predict audit opinions (qualified or unqualified) for firms listed on the Athens Exchange (ATHEX) from 2018 to 2022. Using 450 firm-year observations from 90 non-financial firms, we applied a probit regression model to examine the impact of 11 financial ratios and non-financial factors such as auditor quality, auditor turnover, and corporate performance. Our findings reveal that financial ratios and auditor characteristics, particularly auditor quality, have significant explanatory power in determining audit opinions. The model offers practical benefits for auditors, enabling them to predict audit opinion types, assess client risks, define audit scope, and reduce litigation risks. These insights are particularly relevant in emerging economies like Greece, where audit risk and firm failures are heightened. The study highlights the importance of financial and non-financial variables in identifying material misstatement risks, consistent with International Standards on Auditing (ISA 520). However, its findings are limited by the small sample size and Greece's specific economic and regulatory context. Future research should explore the model’s applicability to larger and more developed markets.
Development of Antimicrobial Blends of Bacterial Nanocellulose Derived from Plastic Waste and Polyhydroxybutyrate Enhanced with Essential Oils
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Everton Henrique , Nicevic Marija , Garcia Eduardo Lanzagorta , Moritz Vicente F. , Ozcelik Zeliha Ece , Tas Buket , Fournet Margaret Brennan
Published: November 2024

The escalating global concern regarding plastic waste accumulation and its detrimental environmental impact has driven the exploration of sustainable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. This study investigates the development of antimicrobial blends of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) derived from plastic waste and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB), further enhanced with essential oils. The antimicrobial activity of the resulting BNC/PHB blends was tested in vitro against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The incorporation of essential oils, particularly cinnamon oil, significantly enhanced the antimicrobial properties of the BNC/PHB blends. The BNC with 5% PHB blend exhibited the highest antifungal inhibition against C. albicans at 90.25%. Additionally, blends with 2% and 10% PHB also showed antifungal activity, inhibiting 68% of C. albicans growth. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating essential oils into BNC/PHB blends to create effective antimicrobial materials. The study concludes that enhancing the antimicrobial properties of BNC/PHB significantly broadens its potential applications across various sectors, including wound dressings, nanofiltration masks, controlled release fertilizers, and active packaging.
An fMRI Investigation of Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Reward and Competition
Authors: Lin Hsin-Yu , Fung Hoki , Wang YiFan , Ho Roger Chun-Man , Chen SH Annabel
Published: November 2024

Social and environmental influences are important for learning. However, the influence of reward and competition during social learning is less understood. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the role of hot and cool executive functioning (EF) in reward processing and its relationship to performance under social competition. A review of the literature found the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) is implicated in hot EF, while dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is related to cool EF. In addition, reward processing deficits are associated with atypical connectivity between nucleus accumbens and dorsofrontal regions. Thus, we adapted a reward-based n-back task in a social competition game to examine the neural correlates of hot and cool EF and the reward influence on performance during social competition. 29 healthy adults showed cortical activation to be related to individual differences in EF abilities during fMRI scans. Hot and cool EF activated distinct networks (in addition to DLPFC and VMPFC) differentially during no-competition and competition conditions. Further analysis revealed correlations between the Hot-Cool network and working memory, reward sensitivity and risk-taking behaviour. The findings provided further insights on the neural basis of hot and cool EF engagement in socio-emotional regulation for learning.
Exploring the Role of PPARs and Endothelial Dysfunction in MASLD
Authors: Madariaga Traconis Ana Paula , Uribe-Esquivel Misael , Barbero Becerra Varenka Julieta
Published: November 2024

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of transcription factors that belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors expressed in various tissues, with each isoform having a distinct localization and function. In general, PPARs have an important role in fatty acid catabolism, the reduction of reactive oxygen species, and endothelial function. Specifically, PPAR functions through mechanisms such as transrepression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), thereby modulating inflammatory responses and maintaining hepatic homeostasis. Together, PPAR and PPAR influence endothelial function and vascular health, which are critically affected in the context of MASLD. The complex interplay between PPARs, endothelial dysfunction, and MASLD highlights the potential of PPARs as a pharmacological target for therapeutic interventions. Recent advances in understanding the role of PPAR in modulating inflammation and endothelial function have led to the exploration of PPAR agonists in clinical trials and experimental studies. Agents such as lanifibranor, elafibranor, daidzein, and Iicarin have shown promise in improving metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular health in patients with MASLD. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of PPARs in endothelial dysfunction and MASLD, exploring their mechanisms in disease progression and potential pharmacological targeting.
Carotenoids in Potato Tubers: A Bright Yellow Future Ahead
Authors: Sturaro Monica
Published: November 2024

Carotenoids, the bright yellow, orange, and red pigments of many fruits and vegetables, are essential components of the human diet as bioactive compounds not synthesized in animals. As a staple crop potato has the potential to deliver substantial amounts of these nutraceuticals despite their lower concentration in tubers compared to edible organs of other plant species. Even small gains in tuber carotenoid levels could have a significant impact on the nutritional value of potatoes. This review will focus on the current status and future perspectives of carotenoid biofortification in potato with conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches. The high biodiversity of tuber carotenoid levels and composition is presented, with an emphasis on the under-exploited native germplasm that represents a wide reservoir of useful genetic variants to breed carotenoid-rich varieties. The following section describes the structural genes involved in carotenoid metabolism and storage known to have a major impact on carotenoid accumulation in potato, together with the strategies that harnessed their expression changes to increase tuber carotenoid content. Finally, the little information available on the regulation of carotenoid metabolism and the desirable future advances in potato carotenoid biofortification are discussed.
Luminal Inhibition of α-Glucosidase Activity Improves Insulinogenic Actions on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Obese T2DM Rats
Authors: Tulp Orien , Rizvi Syed
Published: November 2024

Inhibitors of luminal α-glucosidase activity are well established agents to improve glycemic parameters in glucose intolerant states, but their secondary insulinogenic effects on plasma lipid profiles are less well established. Atherogenic elevations in plasma lipid profiles are a common observation in overweight, obese, hyperinsulinemic, and adult-onset diabetes (T2DM). The effects of luminal inhibition of starch digestion on parameters of weight gain and plasma lipid profiles were determined in groups of adult male obese T2DM SHR/Ntul//-cp rats. Animals were fed a USDA-formulated, nutritionally complete diet containing 54% sucrose as the carbohydrate component (Control) or the same diet containing a pharmacologic α-glucosidase inhibitor (1,5 dideoxy-1,5-[(2-hydroxyethyl) imino]-D glucitol; generic miglitol), 150 mg/kg diet as an admixture, ad libitum for up to 8 weeks. Miglitol resulted in modest decreases in food intake, net weight gain, adiposity and while the net efficiency of weight gain was similar in both groups. At the end of the study bloods were collected for determination of plasma glucose, Insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. The miglitol-associated luminal inhibition of α-glucosidase activity resulted in 20% reduction in glucose area under the curve (AUC) and glycosylated hemoglobin, 15% reduction in triglycerides, 20% reduction in total cholesterol, and in both α- (LDL) and β-lipoprotein (HDL) fractions, a 14% decrease in net fat pad mass, and a 10% decrease in net weight gain at the end of the study. These results indicate that simple inhibition of luminal α-glucosidase activity via miglitol may be a useful adjunct in the long-term clinical management of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in states of obesity, T2DM and other glucose intolerant states, in addition to therapeutic applications in enhancing and improving glycemic control in man and animals.
The Relationship Between Body Composition Parameters and the Intake of Selected Nutrients, and Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Levels in the Context of Ovulatory Infertility
Authors: Skowrońska Magdalena , Pawłowski Michał , Buczyńska Angelika , Wiatr Aleksandra , Dyszkiewicz Aleksandra , Wenta Aleksandra , Gryko Kamila , Zbucka-Krętowska Monika , Milewski Robert
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to outline the relationships between selected parameters connected with lifestyle and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, i.e., a marker of ovarian reserve. By examining AMH levels in connection with nutrient intake and body composition parameters, the study aimed to provide a preliminary background for further studies focused on establishing dietary and lifestyle recommendations that could lead to improvements in fertility outcomes. The research involved 28 women, aged 26 to 42—both with and without ovulatory infertility—patients of the Reproductive Health Clinic at the Medical University of Białystok. The participants underwent a number of tests consisting of hormonal profiling, including AMH measurements, body composition analyses, and dietary assessments based on a 3-day food diary. The findings of the study indicate that certain lifestyle factors are associated with changes AMH levels. Most importantly, the multivariate linear regression model designed in the study shows that age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as well as the intake of sucrose, iodine, and erucic acid intake explain variations in serum AMH levels. These results support the hypothesis that modifiable lifestyle factors can influence AMH levels, and thus ovarian reserve. Hence, the study underscores the potential for targeted lifestyle interventions to support fertility and calls for further research in the form of prospective studies performed in larger groups of patients to substantiate these associations and inform fertility care strategies. Based on the preliminary results of this study, certain dietary ideas that could positively influence fertility have been proposed, focused on normalization of body weight and reduction of excess fat tissue.
High-Resolution Single-Pixel Imaging of Spatially Sparse Objects: Real-Time Imaging in the Near-Infrared and Visible Wavelength Ranges Enhanced with Iterative Processing or Deep Learning
Authors: Stojek Rafał , Pastuszczak Anna , Wróbel Piotr , Cwojdzińska Magdalena , Sobczak Kacper , Kotyński Rafał
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate high-resolution single-pixel imaging (SPI) in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges using an SPI framework that incorporates a novel, dedicated sampling scheme and a reconstruction algorithm optimized for rapid imaging of highly sparse scenes at the native digital micromirror device (DMD) resolution of 1024x768. The reconstruction algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, the vector of SPI measurements is multiplied by the generalized inverse of the measurement matrix. In the second stage, we compare two reconstruction approaches: one based on an iterative algorithm and the other on a trained neural network. The neural network outperforms the iterative method when the object resembles the training set, though it lacks the generalizability of the iterative approach. For images captured at a compression rate of 0.34 percent, corresponding to a measurement rate of 6.8 Hz with a DMD operating at 22 kHz, the typical reconstruction time on a desktop with a medium-performance GPU is comparable to the image acquisition rate. This allows the proposed SPI method to support high-resolution dynamic SPI in a variety of applications, using a standard SPI architecture with a DMD modulator operating at its native resolution and bandwidth, and enabling real-time processing of the measured data with no additional delay on a standard desktop PC.
Insight and Internalized Stigma in Patients with Psychotic Disorders in Prolonged Psychiatric Care Unit
Authors: Muños García Juan Jesús , Hodann-Caudevilla Ricardo M. , García Castaño Alfonso , Aguilera Garrido Sergio , Durán Tischhauser Rafael , Pico Rada Álvaro , Salom Borras Rafael
Published: November 2024

In the global context of mental health, a concerning reality persists stigma and discrimination towards individuals with chronic mental disorders pose significant challenges affecting their quality of life and social integration. This study focuses on schizophrenia, one of the most stigmatized disorders, specifically exploring the phenomenon of insight and its interaction with internalized stigma. Previous findings are replicated and extended, involving a sample of 83 men diagnosed with psychotic spectrum disorders. K-means cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to identify subgroups based on levels of insight and stigma. This revealed significant differences between subgroups in psychosocial variables such as depression, quality of life, and global patient functioning. The results confirm an "insight paradox," where greater insight may be associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes in the presence of significant internalized stigma. These findings underscore the need for clinical interventions aimed at reducing stigma and enhancing the psychosocial well-being of individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders.
A Review of Iraqi Pharmaceutical System: Recommendations for Post War Healthcare Reform
Authors: A-Humadi Ahmed W. , Al-Najim Werd , Daly Rese-Marie
Published: November 2024

Background: Wars and political volatility in Iraq have decimated healthcare systems for decades. Iraq’s healthcare demands cannot be delivered without quality pharmaceutical systems that regulate, supply, and promote the appropriate use of medicinal products. Healthcare services and pharmaceutical systems are interdependent. Without accurate reporting about Iraq’s pharmaceutical processes, systems and challenges, meaningful healthcare reform consistent with national goals for social stability will not be achievable.
Aims: This article evaluates the pharmaceutical system in place for delivery and use of medical products to ensure patient protection and the optimisation of health outcomes in Iraq. Current challenges are outlined. Potential solutions and recommendations are described.
Methodology: A narrative review collected peer-reviewed articles, publications from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google within the last 25 years. The articles were analysed in the context of Iraq’s pharmaceutical context. Figures were synthesised and a diagram was used with the data to guide recommendations.
Results:The administrative and technical units were elucidated. Streamlining of regulatory processes was highlighted as an area lacking funding. Deficiencies in oversight of the private sector and the need for empowerment of the domestic pharmaceutical industry were significant findings. Improvements in educational curricula and training of pharmaceutical professionals are required. Modernisation of health information and research systems were considered necessary. Success in the development of a functional pharmaceutical system was strongly associated with both reform of the healthcare system and development of national economic interests to support the State’s legitimacy.
Understanding HIV-Related Mental Health Challenges and Contributing Factors Among Indonesian Adolescents Living with HIV
Authors: Ward Paul Russell , Puspitasari Reni , Rose Aasha , Gebremariyam Biniyam Sahiledengle , Fauk Nelsensius Klau
Published: November 2024

HIV has disproportionately affected various population groups, including adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). In many contexts, ALHIV have been reported to experience mental health issues following their HIV diagnosis. However, there is a limited understanding of the mental health issues faced by ALHIV in Indonesia and the various contributing factors globally. This study aimed to explore the mental health challenges and their contributing factors among Indonesian ALHIV. A qualitative design employing one-on-one in-depth interviews was used to collect data from ALHIV (n = 20) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using the snowball sampling technique, beginning with the dissemination of study information sheets through a healthcare facility that provides HIV care services, and via a WhatsApp group for adolescents living with HIV. The data were thematically analysed, guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that ALHIV experienced a variety of mental health challenges upon learning of their HIV-positive status. Their mental health was also influenced by a range of family-related factors, stigma, and discrimination which were also facilitated by their specific situations and settings, including living in a shared house with parents and siblings, and school setting where they met and interacted with different peer groups on a daily basis. Family-related factors, including broken homes, family conflicts, lack of family support, and being orphans, negatively impacted their mental health. The awareness of perceived and anticipated stigma, and the experience of enacted stigma or discrimination, also contributed to the mental health challenges they faced. The findings indicate a pressing need for tailored and targeted HIV intervention programs and activities that support their mental health, reduce stigma, and promote HIV status disclosure in safe ways for ALHIV both within the study setting and beyond.
Useful Probiotics with New Immunotherapies for the Superior Treatment Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nakashima Moeka , Fukumoto Akari , Matsuda Satoru
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) covers a malignant form of primary liver cancer. Intricate networks linking to the host immune system may be associated with the pathogenesis of HCC. A huge amount of interdisciplinary medical information for the treatment of HCC has been accumulated over the most recent years. For example, advances in new immunotherapy have improved the result of treatment for the HCC. Advantageously, this approach can be combined with standard conventional treatments such as surgical resection to improve the therapeutical consequence. However, several toxic effects of the treatments may stand a significant threat to human health. Now, the shift in mindset is important for the concept of superior cancer therapy, in which probiotics-therapy may be inspired at least within the warranty of safety. The interplay among the gut microbiota and immune system could affect the efficacy of several anticancer treatments including immune checkpoint therapy via the alteration of Th17 cell functions against various malignant tumors. Here, some of the recent anticancer techniques are discussed, in which the growth of HCC might be effectively repressed with safety.
Ligand-Independent Vitamin D Receptor Actions Essential for Keratinocyte Homeostasis in the Skin
Authors: Kise Satoko , Morita Shinichi , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Kimura Hiroyukli , Kinuya Seigo , Yasuda Kaori
Published: November 2024

Recently, we demonstrated that the alopecia observed in vitamin D receptor gene deficient (VDR-KO) rats is not seen in rats with a mutant VDR (R270L/H301Q), which lacks ligand-binding ability, suggesting that the ligand-independent action of VDR plays a crucial role in maintaining the hair cycle. Since VDR-KO rats also showed abnormalities in the skin, the relationship between alopecia and skin abnormalities was examined. To clarify the mechanism of actions of vitamin D and VDR in the skin, protein composition, and gene expression patterns in the skin were compared among VDR-KO, VDR (R270L/H301Q), and wild-type (WT) rats. While R270L/H301Q rats exhibited normal skin formation similarly to WT rats, VDR-KO rats showed a remarkable hyperkeratosis and trans-epidermal water loss in the skin. RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis revealed that the gene and protein expression patterns in VDR-KO rats significantly differed from those in WT and VDR (R270L/H301Q) rats, with a marked decrease in the expression of factors involved in Shh, Wnt, and Bmp signaling pathways, a dramatic reduction in the expression of hair keratins, and a substantial increase in the expression of epidermal keratins. This study clearly demonstrated that non-liganded VDR is significantly involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and cell death of keratinocytes in hair follicles and the epidermis.
Functional Post-Synthetic Chemistry of Metal-Organic Cages According to Its Molecular Architecture and Specific Geometry of Origin
Authors: Cué-Sampedro Rodrigo , Sánchez-Fernández José Antonio
Published: November 2024

Metal–organic cages (MOCs) are discrete supramolecular entities consisting of metal nodes and organic connectors or linkers, in addition to having high porosity and processability. Chemically, it is admirable that they are feasible to be post-synthetically modified (PSM) and introduce new functional groups, so it is to be expected that the properties will be different from those of the original compound. This is why they are highly regarded in the fields of biology and chemistry. The present work is dealing with the current PSM strategies used for MOCs, including covalent, coordination and noncovalent methods and its structural benefits. The main emphasis of the work is to show what extent and under what circumstances a MOC can be designed to obtain a tailoring geometrically architecture. Although sometimes remain unclear when looking at supramolecular systems by particularizing the design and their systematic approaches on the development and characterization of families of MOCs, thereby, our new insight about structure–function of MOCs relationships will escort to future developments.
Depression and Anxiety in Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Kuik Leszek , Łuczkiewicz Piotr
Published: November 2024

Background: Depression and anxiety are the two most common mental health disorders that can affect the well-being of the entire body. Multiple studies confirm that they can threaten the musculoskeletal system and the effects of orthopedic treatment as well. In turn, orthopedic disorders may worsen the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study is aimed at assessing what is the incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders in orthopedic patients of our ward and what are the characteristics of orthopedic patients regarding depressive disorders.
Methods: After obtaining personal consent for trial, 336 patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery over a 12-month period were evaluated. Preoperatively, patients completed surveys containing questions from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 forms, assessed pain on the VAS scale of 0-10 points and regarding current psychiatric treatment. Patients were grouped and statistical analysis was performed.
Conclusions: The incidence of moderate depression and generalized anxiety symptoms in orthopedic patients was 12.2% and 11.3% respectively (several times higher than in the general population). In the group most at risk of depression, i.e. women over 40 and with foot and ankle diseases, the incidence of treated depression was 36%. In foot and ankle patients, prevalence for depression was more than 3 times higher (OR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.542 – 7.24) compared to the reference group. The problem of depression and generalized anxiety in orthopedic patients is clearly more common than in the general population. Surprisingly patients with foot and ankle disorders are the most vulnerable to depression.
Phytotoxic Activity of 2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di-Tert-Butyl-4-Methylphenol Present in Cistus ladanifer L. Essential Oil
Authors: Dávila Diego Orellana , Frazão David F. , Silva Amélia M. , Díaz Teresa Sosa
Published: November 2024

The evaluation of the broad variety of allelochemicals present in allelopathic plants allows detecting safer bioherbicides with new mechanisms of action. This study tested two phenolic compounds of Cistus ladanifer essential oil (2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), which are commercially available. At 0.01mM, these compounds, both separately and in combination, inhibited up to over 50% of germination, cotyledon emergence and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa for the tests conducted on paper. Against Allium cepa, cotyledon emergence and seedling growth was inhibited at 0.5mM. When the tests were carried out in soil, the mixture of the two study compounds significantly inhibited the germination of L. sativa and A. cepa when applied at 0.5 and 1mM, respectively, and seedling growth inhibition was greater for the latter in the paper tests. The greatest inhibitions were observed with the highest concentrations analysed. Although there was no statistically significant difference among treatments, 2-Methoxyphenol seemed to affect germination and cotyledon emergence to a greater extent, whereas 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol had a greater impact on seedling size. The effect of the mixture was greater than that of both compounds separately.
Delegating Responsibilities to Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana , Basti Gianfranco , Holstein Tobias
Published: November 2024

As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of responsibilities to intelligent autonomous agents and the ethical implications of such practices. Synthesizing recent developments in AI ethics, including concepts of distributed responsibility and ethical AI by design, the paper proposes a functionalist perspective as a framework. This perspective views moral responsibility not as an individual trait but as a role within a socio-technical system, distributed among human and artificial agents. As an example of 'AI ethical by design,' we present Basti and Vitiello's implementation. They suggest that AI can act as artificial moral agents by learning ethical guidelines and using Deontic Higher-Order Logic to assess decisions ethically. Motivated by the possible speed and scale beyond human supervision and ethical implications, the paper argues for 'AI ethical by design', while acknowledging the distributed, shared, and dynamic nature of responsibility. This functionalist approach offers a practical framework for navigating the complexities of AI ethics in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
An Efficient and Simple Large-Scale Synthesis of Triglycerides of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Duceppe Jean-Simon , Penney Christopher , Zacharie Boulos
Published: November 2024

A practical large-scale synthesis was developed for the preparation of triglycerides of medium-chain length fatty acids without solvent. The combination of the catalyst, partial vacuum and temperature offers ideal conditions for esterification of glycerol with medium­ chain length fatty acids. This route is a one step procedure. The starting materials are inexpensive, available and easy to handle. The potential utility of this method is exemplified by the production on one kilo scale of high yield (91%) and purity (99.8%) tricaprin.
Analysing the Biochemistry of Saliva: Flow, Total Protein, Amylase Enzymatic Activity and Their Interconnections
Authors: Parraca Jose Alberto , Rubio Zarapuz Alejandro , Tornero-Aguilera José Francisco , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier , Tomas-Carus Pablo , Costa Ana Rodrigues
Published: November 2024

This study examines the biochemical profile of saliva, focusing on flow rate, total protein concentration, and the enzymatic activities of amylase and catalase. Thirty-one participants underwent saliva sampling before and after physical activity to assess how these biochemical markers respond to physiological stress. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between protein concentration and amylase activity, especially in post-exercise conditions, suggesting saliva’s potential as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic health and stress responses. These results highlight saliva’s utility in health diagnostics, enabling more accessible monitoring of health status and physiological stress.
Biological Effect of Food for Special Medical Purposes (NutramilTM Complex) on Melanoma Cells in In Vitro Study
Authors: Koronowicz Aneta , Krawczyk Katarzyna , Such Aleksandra , Piasna-Słupecka Ewelina , Drozdowska Mariola , Leszczyńska Teresa
Published: November 2024

Melanoma malignum is considered the most dangerous form of skin cancer, characterized by the exceptional resistance to many conventional chemotherapies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of NutramilTM Complex (NC) – Food for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP), on two types of melanoma cell lines, primary WM115 and malignant WM266-4. 24h after seeding, growth medium was replaced with a medium containing encoded treatments of NC or NC-CC (NutramilTM Complex without calcium caseinate) at various concentrations. Cells were treated for 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results showed that NutramilTM Complex reduces proliferation of malignant melanoma WM266-4 cells but did not affected the proliferation of WM115 primary melanoma. This was followed by measured downregulation of selected pro-survival proteins expression in WM266-4 cells; specifically ERK1/2, AKT-1, HSP27, Survivin and TAK1. Interestingly, our results showed elevated levels of some pro-apoptotic proteins in both cell lines, including Bad, Smad2, p38MAPK, cleaved forms of Caspase-3/7, as well as cleaved PARP. Taken together, our results indicate that various melanoma cancer cell lines may respond in a different way to the same compound. They also suggest induction of apoptotic pathway by NutramilTM Complex as most likely mechanism of its anticarcinogenic activity.
Tracking Physiological Demands and Body Composition Changes in Elite Male Kayakers
Authors: dos Santos José Augusto Rodrigues , Boppre Giorjines , Zacca Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Background: Elite kayaking demands peak conditioning—tracking these athletes reveals the science behind world-class performance. We tracked physiological demands and body composition changes of Elite male kayakers during the preparatory and transition periods of a kayaking competitive season. Methods: We applied laboratory (body composition assessment and a 4-min all-out test in a kayak ergometer) on-field tests (4×1500-m incremental intermittent protocol with 30-s rest intervals in a kayaking/rowing track) to follow 8 Elite male kayakers (23.1 ± 5.6 y; 80 ± 8.8 kg; 177.0 ± 6.8 cm) at the beginning of the kayaking season (preparatory period — M1; first week of October), 22 weeks later, at beginning of transition period (M2; last week of February), and 5 weeks later, at end of transition period, i.e., beginning of competitive period of the season (M3; first week of April). The M3 corresponded to the participation in international competitions. Results: Distance at VO2peak on the kayak ergometer improved by 36.7 meters from M1 to M3, pace at V4 reduced (improved) by 25.2 s·km-1 from M1 to M2, and 25.6 s·km-1 by M3. Body weight decreased by 2.3 kg from M1 to M2, and fat mass percentage and kilograms decreased by 1.8% and 3.1% respectively. Fat-free mass increased by 1.9% and 3.1% respectively. Skinfold measurements showed a decrease in subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, and geminal skinfold. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved by 0.7 L·min-1 from M1 to M2, and by 1.1 L·min-1 by M3, and from M2 to M3 was ~ 0.5 L·min-1. Relative VO2peak improved from M1 to M2, and from M2 to M3, with an increase of 6.4 ml·kg-1·min-1. Conclusions: Elite male kayakers improved their physiological performance and body composition during the preparatory and transition phases of the competitive season. Notable gains in performance were mainly due to increased peak oxygen uptake, enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, and positive body composition changes. These findings provide insights for optimizing training strategies and boosting competitive performance.
Possible Traces of Early Modern Human Architectural Heritage: A Comment on Similarities Between Nest-Building Activity of Homo Species and Shelter Forms of Indigenous People in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kartal Hasan Basri , Şalgamcıoğlu Mehmet Emin , Kartal Asiye Nisa
Published: November 2024

: The architectural artefacts, materials, and techniques for building shelters may have some common properties from the architectural culture that evolved during the human species. This article studied the material features and settlement organisations used by the first human species’ nest-building activities and shelter forms belonging to indigenous people living in sub-Saharan Africa. The article questioned that early modern human species’ unsubstantiated notions of architectural heritage may have been carried out across the nest construction, typological differentiation, material use, and transfer to new generations and habitats. The focus was on the home-based spatial organisation and structure building. We were aware we needed to point out some fundamental misunderstandings regarding the nature of cultural and archaeological taxonomies and the misuse of analogical reasoning when comparing recent hunter-gatherer populations with some hominin groups. The paper aimed to discuss whether that early Homo ‘architecture’ in Africa may have some resemblance features to that of recent or current Africans. The discussion may imply that architectural products used in the settlement remains of early Homo species may have similar characteristics to the huts of the San people living as hunter-gatherers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We thought discussing different human species’ architectural activities was productive as early human species’ architectural understanding and principles may be adapted to current placemaking scenarios, urban design attitudes, and housing models. We think that with further evidence, the basis of the idea may be developed.
Intracelular Fc Receptors in Lung Cells from COVID19 Patients
Authors: Henriques-Pons Andrea , Clicia S. Castro Maria , Santos Vanessa , Costa Maiana O. C. , Silva Helena S. I. , Walter Maria Emília M. T. , Carvalho Anna Cristina C. , Melo Alba C.m.a. , Ocaña Kary , Santos Marcelo T , Nicolás Marisa F. , Alves Fabricio
Published: November 2024

After global vaccination, there was a drastic reduction in COVID-19 severe cases. However, it is important to understand what physiopathological pathways played a role in patients protection during the pandemic’s first months. Much remains to be understood about the disease, but the protective role of antibodies (Ig) is widely accepted in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ig functions are mainly carried out by receptors that bind to their Fc portion (FcR), and less attention has been dedicated to the cytoplasmic members of this family. In this work, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data to discern cell populations present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from healthy individuals or patients with mild or severe COVID-19. Then, we evaluated the transcription of neonatal FcR (FcRn, FCGRT gene) and tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) and its downstream signaling components. The TRIM21 pathway is vital for virus infections as it has a dual function, leading opsonized viruses to degradation by proteasomes and the activation of innate inflammatory anti-virus response. Our findings yielded no supporting evidence to endorse the involvement of FcRn in protecting COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, TRIM21 and related members of the via, such as members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), were consistently upregulated in innate and adaptive lymphoid and myeloid cells from mild cases. However, despite the transcription of the danger sensors DDX58 and IFIH1, the transcriptional level of inflammatory IL1B and IL18 was generally very low, along with the NLRP3 danger sensor, members of the NF-κB pathway, and TNF. Although there were much higher numbers of cells in the samples from patients with severe symptoms, most cells transcribed near-zero levels of TRIM21. Therefore, our data suggest that TRIM21 may contribute to SARS-CoV-2 protection by reducing the viral load, while not contributing to the inflammatory branch of the pathway and pathogenic cytokine strom.
Midterm Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Atherosclerosis: High-Volume versus Low-Volume Centers
Authors: Abualhasan Ahmed , Pero Guglielmo , Quilici Luca , Piano Mariangela , Valvassori Luca , Sobh Khaled , Mansour Ossama , Elbassiony Ahmed , El-Serafy Omar , Boccardi Edoardo , Abd-Allah Foad
Published: November 2024

Background: Intracranial stenting is still feasible, but its effectiveness is still investigational. Our study investigated outcomes of endovascular treatment in high-volume and low-volume centers. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 36 patients with intracranial atherosclerosis underwent endovascular treatment from January 2014 to June 2016 at three low-volume centres (n=18), and a single high-volume centre (n=18). Detailed periprocedural records, clinical and radiological follow-up data were revised through at least one year after the procedure. Outcome parameters included successful revascularization, occurrence of any death, stroke, and/or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) after intervention or during follow-up period, and restenosis (≥ 50%). Results: Successful revascularization rate was 97.2%. The 30-days rate of any death, stroke, and/or TIA was 13.9%. At median clinical follow-up of 18-month, rate of any death, stroke, and/or TIA was 27.8%. Rates of any death, stroke, and/or TIA at 30-days and 18-month were higher among patients treated in low-volume centre versus those treated in high-volume centre but without reaching statistical significance (22.2% versus 5.6%, p = 0.188; and 38.9% versus 16.7%, p = 0.137, respectively). Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, our study showed higher incidence of death, stroke and/or TIA among patients treated in low-volume center compared to those treated in high-volume center.
Responding to Pandemics (COVID-19 and Monkey Pox) using the VUCA Framework
Authors: Kumah Augustine
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the Monkeypox outbreak have posed significant challenges to global health systems, exemplifying the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) nature of public health crises. These infectious disease outbreaks have tested the resilience and preparedness of healthcare systems and highlighted the need for adaptive leadership and organizational responses in VUCA environments. This narrative review explores how the VUCA framework can be applied to understand and improve the response to COVID-19 and Monkeypox. This narrative review was conducted by systematically searching academic literature and reports on the COVID-19 pandemic, the Monkeypox outbreak, and the VUCA framework in healthcare and crisis management. The databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering the period from January 2020 to September 2023. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this review examines the impact of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity on pandemic management, focusing on leadership strategies, healthcare delivery, public health policies, and organizational culture. Key leadership attributes such as agility, emotional intelligence, and collaborative decision-making are discussed to mitigate the effects of VUCA in health crises. The review concludes by offering insights into how healthcare systems can enhance their capacity to respond to future pandemics by adopting VUCA-informed strategies and fostering resilient organizational cultures.
Estimation of Radon Flux Density Changes Using Mathematical α-Model Before and After a Strong Earthquake in Kamchatka
Authors: Dmitrii Tverdyi , Evgeny Makarov , Roman Parovik
Published: November 2024

Using data of radon accumulation in a chamber with excess volume at one of the points of the Kamchatka subsurface gas monitoring network, the change of radon flux density due to seismic waves and post-seismic relaxation of the medium is shown. Data in the temporal vicinity of a strong earthquake with Mw=7.0, which occurred in the northern part of the Avacha Gulf on 17 August 2024, were used. The study was carried out using methods of mathematical modeling and inverse problem solving. The change in the intensity of radon transport due to changes in the state of the geo-medium is described using the fractional difference operator of constant real order α. As a result of modeling it is shown that strong seismic impact and subsequent processes in the earth crust led to the change of radon flux in the accumulation chamber. The optimal values of the model parameters were determined, which allowed solving the problems of radon flux density determination. An hereditary mathematical model based on fractional derivative has been applied for the first time to estimate the change of radon flux density under the change of stress-strain state of the medium under strong earthquake conditions. The obtained model curves are in good agreement with real data.
Comparison of Flood Scenarios in the Cunas River: Under the Influence of Climate Change
Authors: Torres Mercado Carlos Enrique , Villafuerte Jeremias Jhordan Anderson , Guerreros Ollero Giancarlo Paul , Perez Campomanes Giovene
Published: November 2024

Climate change has a significant impact on river flows, affecting flood risks, especially in Andean regions with complex hydrological dynamics. This study examines flood scenarios in the Cunas River Basin, Junín, Peru, through hydrological and hydraulic simulations under varying climate projections. A multi-model ensemble (MME) approach was employed using CMIP6 climate models. In this analysis, precipitation data were processed, watershed parameters were calculated, peak flows and the extent of floodable areas were estimated. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was employed to simulate peak flows corresponding to return periods of 25, 50, 100, 139 and 200 years, while HEC-RAS was used to map flood zones. Calibration and validation used historical precipitation from nearby stations. The results indicate a consid-erable increase in peak flows and flood prone areas due to climate change. A 6.25% increase in peak flow, a 28.6% expansion in flood-prone areas, and a 37.25% increase in flood depth are observed. These findings highlight the importance of implementing riverbank protection structures. This study provides key insights for flood risk management in the region and highlights the usefulness of advanced modeling tools for understanding the hydrological response to climate change.