bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT AND CONCEPTUAL FIELD OF “HOMELAND” IN KAZAKH FOLKLORE
Authors: Olzhabayev B.K. , Soylemez O.
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the theoretical meaning of the concept and gives the definition of the conceptual field for a comprehensive analysis of the topic concept and conceptual field of homeland in Kazakh folklore. Also, the meaning of the concept of homeland in Kazakh knowledge was determined, the concept and conceptual field “homeland” in works of Kazakh folklore were considered. To consider the concept of “homeland” in Kazakh knowledge, which has become the core of our research work based on the heritage of folklore, we turn to the rich heritage of Kazakh people’s culture. The main core of any culture is language, revealing the essence and content of word concepts in the Kazakh language is the main problem of today. For this reason, the relevance of the topic requires the consideration of Kazakh folklore, which includes the cultural code of our people, to analyze the concept of Motherland in Kazakh knowledge and its conceptual field. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarity of the concept “homeland” reflected in Kazakh folklore, value attribute deeply reflected in the concept “homeland”. The objectives of the study are to examine the meaning of the concept of homeland in Kazakh knowledge, to consider the concept of native land in Kazakh folklore works and to determine the conceptual field of the concept “homeland”.  For the Kazakh people, the concept of homeland is synonymous with the symbol of unlimited power in the people's understanding. From the conceptual field of the concept of the homeland, we understand the heroism, courage, freedom-loving, free nature of the Kazakh people and the character of the people who lived in prosperity and abundance. The results of the work can be used for research work of students in the humanitarian direction.
ОТБАСЫНЫҢ КҮНДЕЛІКТІ ӨМІРІН КӨРСЕТУДІҢ ВИЗУАЛДЫ ТӘСІЛДЕРІ:ӨНЕРДІҢ ЖАҢА ҚҰБЫЛЫСЫ РЕТІНДЕ
Authors: Асымова Д.Б. , Кенжебаев Г.К.
Published: July 2024

Мақала Қазақстандағы жаңа медиаларда отбасының күнделікті өмірін көрсетудің визуалды тәсілдері мен түрлерін мәдени феномен ретінде зерттеуге арналған. Желідегі коммуникациялар деңгейінің дамуына қарай отбасының күнделікті өмірінің құрылымы пайдаланушының өзін-өзі таныстыруы немесе оның жеке әлемі арқылы жүзеге асырылатыны туралы сөз етіледі. Желідегі кез-келген әрекеттің ашықтығы ғаламтордағы негізгі немесе қосалқының, «мәртебелі» немесе «қарапайым» бұған дейін болған сатылық бөлінуден демек иерархияның жойылуына алып келеді, ресми емес әлемнің шекаралары жойылып, адамның жеке өмірінің кеңістігін көрсету тәсілдері түбегейлі өзгерді. Пайдаланушы желідегі парақшасынан жеке өзінің нұсқасын жасау арқылы, әлеуметтік желілерде өзінің күнделікті өмірінің сырт көзге арналған құрылымын қалыптастырады, бұл ретте әлеуметтік желілердегі визуалды хабарламалардың форматы көпшілік қалайтын адам бейнесі мен әлеуметтік жағынан мақұлданатын мінез-құлық нормаларына негізделеді. Бұл құбылыс қазіргі заманның трендіне айналған.  Бұл тенденция тек қана Қазақстанда емес, сонымен қатар шет елдердің де ғаламтор кеңістігіндегі болып жатқан тәжірибе. Қазақстанда өзінді репрезентациялауға арналған кең қолданыстағы желілер-Instagram, You tube екені белгілі. Бұл желіде  отбасылық парақшалар да көбейген. Бұл парақшалар отбасы мүшелерінің күнделікті тыныс тіршілігін бейнелейді. Бұл контент болашақта құнды дерек көзге айналуы әбден мүмкін. Мақала дайындау жұмыстары барысында бұндай тәжірибенің ертеңі қандай болмақ, мақсаты мен міндетін түсінуге тырыстық.
К ВОПРОСУ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ОРГАНОВ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Гавриленко И. , Нусупова А.С.
Published: July 2024

Органной культуре Казахстана более 55 лет. Помимо изучения композиторского творчества и исполнительского вектора, в развитии органного искусства значительную роль играет органостроение. Внутренняя конструкция, способ появления звука, информация о количестве и качестве регистров, составляющих диспозицию конкретных органов, являются неотъемлемой частью в постижении отечественного органного наследия. В Казахстане на данный момент насчитывается 16 инструментов, различающихся по размеру, эндогенному устройству, способу передачи импульса от клавиш до появления звука и прикладному значению. При более углубленном рассмотрении органов республики возник вопрос их систематизации, что стало целью предпринятого исследования. Специальные работы, посвященные избранной проблеме, в отечественном музыкознании отсутствуют, что обуславливает актуальность данной статьи. При разработке данной темы привлечены исторический, сравнительный и аналитический методы исследования, позволяющие глубоко проанализировать каждый из существующих органов и классифицировать их, стремясь всесторонне раскрыть проблематику вопроса. При изучении широкого спектра исследуемого материала, было выявлено, что существующие инструменты целесообразно дифференцировать на пять групп, используя в качестве критерия – деление по типам трактуры. Таким образом, все органы Казахстана можно условно разделить на инструменты с механической, пневматической, электрической и смешанной (комбинированной) трактурами, определив в отдельную группу электронные органы, не имеющие труб. Настоящая работа может дополнить труды в области органостроения. Статья имеет практическое значение и направлена на обеспечение высокого качества исполнительской культуры музыканта, которое весьма востребовано в профессиональной деятельности органного класса.
САХНАЛЫҚ БЕЙНЕ СОМДАУДЫҢ ӨЗЕКТІ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Карамолдаева Д.О. , Кажнабиева Б.А. , Ермекова К.Б.
Published: July 2024

Мақалада сахналық бейне сомдау үдерісі туралы сөз қозғалады. Кезінде осы мәселенің теориялық жағын зерттеп, сахналық тәжірибелерімен ұштастыру арқылы,  өздерінің әдіс-тәсілдерін ұсынған атақты режиссерлер, актерлер, белгілі ұстаздар К.С.Станиславскийдің жүйесіне, М.Чеховтың тренингтеріне, В.Мейерхольдтың биомеханикалық, Ута Хагеннің актерлік техникаларына шолу жасай отырып, олардың сахналық бейне сомдаудағы негізгі қағидаларының бір-бірінен айырмашылығы, ұқсастықтары, ерекшеліктерін талқылау басты назарға алынды. Бүгінгі күні Республикамызда өзіндік қолтаңбаларымен белгілі, театр өнерінің әрі қарай дамуына елеулі үлес қосып жүрген белгілі режиссерлер және актерлеріміздің, өзіміздің актерлік, ұстаздық қызметіміз нәтижесінде жылдар бойы жинақталған сахналық бейне сомдаудың өзекті мәселелері туралы ой-түйіндерімізді сараптау және оны оқытудың әдіс-тәсілдерін нақты мысалдар арқылы жүзеге асыра отырып, атақты ұстаз, ғалым К.Ушинскийдің принциптері негізінде оқу үдерісіне енгізу мәселелері - біздің негізгі мақсатымыз. Сахналық бейне сомдау – театр өнері туындаған уақыттан бері зерттеу және әдістемелік тұрғыдан алып қарағанда, әлі нақты шешімін таппай келе жатқан, күн тәртібінен түспеген, әлі де түспек емес мәселе.  Себебі, ол әр актердің жеке ерекшелігіне, дәуірлік кезеңдерге байланысты үздіксіз қозғалыста болып отыратын мәңгілік, өмірлік тақырып. Отандық актерлік өнер саласына оқытудың бұл жүйелендірілген  қағидасын ендіру 2024-2025 оқу жылына жоспарланып отыр. Аталған дидактикалық қағидаларды актерлік білім беру жүйесіне ендіру жаңа көзқарас, жаңа бағыт әкеледі деп ойлаймыз.
ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН КҮЙШІЛІК ДӘСТҮРІНІҢ ЗЕРТТЕЛУ ТАРИХЫ
Authors: Жаманбалинов Е.Е.
Published: July 2024

Мақала Шығыс Қазақстан, Алтай-Тарбағатай күйшілік дәстүрінің зерттелу тарихын, өңірлерге жасалған экспедициялар нәтижелерін, осы дәстүрге байланысты шыққан ғылыми еңбектерді саралауға және күйлерге талдау жасауға бағытталған. Қазіргі таңда кейбір күй өнері мамандарының арасында «Шығыс Қазақстан күйлері бірсарынды, бір-біріне ұқсас» деген стереотипті пікірлер қалыптасқан. Сол себепті аталмыш күйшілік дәстүрдің Баян-Өлгий, Іле, Алтай-Тарбағатай, Шыңжаң, Шығыс Түркістан сияқты ірі аймақтарының мұрасы біршама зерттелгенімен, Шығыс Қазақстанның Күршім, Зайсан, Марқакөл, Катон-Қарағай, Шұбартау, т.б. ішкі аудандарында сақталған туындылар мен олардың шығарушылары, жеткізушілері туралы зерттеу жұмыстары кенжелеп тұр. Олар туралы бірлі-екілі еңбектерде тек танымдық ақпараттар берілгенімен, күйлердің барлығы дерлік нотаға түсіріліп, талданбаған. ХХ ғасырдың 60-жылдары бұл аудандарға жасалған экспедиция материалдары қазіргі таңда Құрманғазы атындағы Қазақ ұлттық консерваториясының Фольклорлық ғылыми зертханасында сақтаулы. Онда Шығыс Қазақстанның түкпір-түкпірінде өмір сүрген күйшілер жаздырған көптеген авторлық және халықтық туындылар бар. Жоғарыда аталған мәселелерді ескерсек, Шығыс Қазақстан күйшілік дәстүрін әлі де терең қарастырып, күйлерін нотаға түсіріп, олардың дыбыс сапасын жақсарту, күй жинақтары мен зерттеу еңбектерін шығару кезек күттірмейтін мәселелердің қатарында екені сөзсіз. Бір мақала көлемінде бүкіл күйшілік мұраны қамту мүмкін болмағанымен, осы бір өзекті мәселені жазу барысында сирек орындалатын бірнеше күйлерге талдаулар келтірілді.
SynchEduca: Edukacijski alat za mehanizme sinkronizacije u programskom jeziku Java
Authors: Popović Miroslav
Published: July 2024

A strong ICT sector enables economic growth in almost every business sector. Therefore, the quality of education provided to software engineers is an extremely important factor in fostering innovation and having a positive impact on society. Industry applications present challenges of effectively implementing programs comprising interdependent tasks which compete for computational resources. The concepts of building optimal synchronization of program execution are challenging for many students studying software engineering. This paper provides an overview of projects and guidelines for improving the education of software engineers in respect to learning synchronization mechanisms, particularly focusing on usage of synchronization mechanisms from the Java package java.util.concurrent. The paper introduces the tool SynchEduca, which uses a visual interface to introduce students to synchronization concepts in the Java programming language in a more interactive and enjoyable way, without overshadowing the synchronization concepts with implementation details.
Modernidade líquida e seus impactos à dinâmica pedagógica dos ciclos institucionais: entre reflexões e proposições
Authors: Munck Luciano
Published: July 2024

A partir da lente de um modelo de institucionalização, foi possível refletir e explicar como as repentinas, voláteis, inconsequentes e nebulosas transformações societais, presentes na Modernidade Líquida, vêm a desafiar e constranger os papéis antes assumidos pela continuidade da relação dual entre a dimensão institucional e a dimensão das ações. Nas bases da modernidade líquida, a dimensão das ações poderá vir a operar “isenta” da passagem pelo crivo da dimensão institucional, possibilitando assim, a existência de uma nova lógica interacional, marcada por decisões individualistas, dispersas no tempo e não conectadas. Algo inquietante, pois esse novo modus operandi social, um agir líquido sujeito ao tempo pontilista, tende a colapsar os ciclos institucionais e a promover impactos no convívio social com vieses promotores de crises sociais, dúvidas existenciais, desejos insolúveis, redução de projetos coletivos socialmente construídos e incertezas decisórias sobre o porvir. Pautando-se na inter-relação e reconstrução de estruturas teóricas tomadas como base, ciclos institucionais e teoria social de Niklas Luhmann, objetivou-se refletir sobre os referidos impactos e, na sequência, propor possíveis intervenções para retomar, como sugere Baumann (2021c), uma orientação de vida mais sólida e substanciosa mediante a manutenção da valorização das diferenças existenciais e da compreensão precisa das nossas limitações pessoais e anseios perante o porvir.
Composição química e atividade antibacteriana do óleo comercial das sementes de romã (Punica granatum L.) frente a bactérias de origem alimentar
Authors: Albuquerque Tiago da Nóbrega , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , Costa Josiane Dantas , Gregório Mailson Gonçalves , Santana Renato Alexandre Costa de , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de , Fonseca Sthelio Braga da
Published: July 2024

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTHAs) têm implicações significativas tanto para a saúde pública quanto para a economia de um país. Como uma abordagem alternativa, estudou-se o potencial dos óleos vegetais para combater essas doenças. A romã (Punica granatum L.) é uma planta oleaginosa conhecida por suas propriedades antimicrobianas, antifúngicas e antioxidantes. Apesar dessas propriedades conhecidas, há poucas informações sobre sua ação antimicrobiana específica contra DTHAs. Portanto, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a composição química do óleo de sementes de romã (PSO) comercial e avaliar seu potencial no combate a bactérias patogênicas de origem alimentar. O PSO comercial, obtido por prensagem a frio, foi submetido a análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas, incluindo GC-FID, GC-MS e (±) FT-HRMS. A atividade antibacteriana foi determinada usando os métodos de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (MBC). GC-FID e GC-MS revelaram a presença de 26 ácidos graxos, com ácido linoleico (52,35%), ácido oleico (25,65%) e ácido palmítico (10,59%) como os principais constituintes. O FT-HRMS identificou 11 compostos, incluindo cinco recentemente relatados: ácido 4-(2-furil)benzoico, ácido 2-propiônico, éster de 1,4-fenileno, xantotoxol, salicilato de benzila e 2,5-di-hidroxi-1,4-naftoquinona. O PSO demonstrou valores de MIC variando de 500 a 1000 µg/L e um MBC de 1000 µg/L contra várias cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP47 e KP48), Escherichia coli (EC141, EC142 e EC143), Enterobacter cloacae (EC43) e Enterococcus faecalis (EF46, EF47 e EF48). Essas descobertas sugerem que o óleo de semente de romã é promissor como um agente antibacteriano alternativo no controle de infecções de origem alimentar.
Analisis Komparasi Kinerja Keuangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Merger Pada Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA)
Authors: Alya Jilana Zikra , Pratiwi Windi
Published: July 2024

Merger bank syariah ini memiliki strategi yakni sebagai aksi korporasi atau sebuah tindakan yang dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk mencapai sasaran yang dikehendaki perusahaan serta mampu meningkatkan value bagi pemangku kepentingan dan memberikan dampak positif kepada pada pemegang saham. Sehingga dengan adanya kinerja keuangan yang berubah, perubahan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menilai apakah merger yang dilakukan akan berdampak baik bagi perusahaan atau tidak. Salah satu alat ukur kinerja keuangan untuk melihat tingkat keberhasilan manajemen dalam mengelola sumber daya keuangan yang dimilki oleh perusahaan adalah dengan menggunakan EVA dan MVA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan EVA, MVA dan uji Paired Sample T-Test. Dimana uji Paired Sample T-Test digunakan untuk menguji dua rata-rata dari dua sampel yang tidak terikat.Dari hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode EVA dan MVA terlihat bahwa EVA dan MVA PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk bernilai positif.  EVA yang positif menandakan bahwa terjadi adanya nilai tambah perusahaan mengindikasikan kinerja perusahaan dan MVA yang positif tersebut menandakan bahwa manajemen perusahaan berhasil dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dengan modal yang telah diinvestasikan oleh pemilik modal atau investor. Perbedaan kinerja keuangan dengan uji Paired Sample T-Test pada Bank Syariah Indonesia terdapat perbedaan kinerja keuangan yang signifikan yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dari nilai alfa (0,000 < 0,05).
Evaluation of factors causing congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and their effects on probing success
Authors: Sevimli Neslihan , Aydın Kurna Sevda , Çakır Muhammet
Published: July 2024

Aim: To determine the etiological and demographic characteristics of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and to evaluate the effectiveness of probing.
Methods: The study included 33 children who applied to the clinic with epiphora, were diagnosed with CNLDO and underwent probing, and 27 healthy children. Age, gender, probing time, recurrence, accompanying anomalies, and hemogram values were recorded from their records, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were calculated. The term "successful probing" refers to achieving complete resolution of all signs and symptoms of epiphora 1 year after treatment.
Results: The mean age at the time of surgery of 33 patients who underwent probing (16 F, 17 M) was 18.42±7.85 months, while the mean age of the 27 controls (10 F, 17 M) was 22.30± 9.98 months (p=0.108). Platelet levels were significantly lower (p=0.014) and monocyte levels were significantly higher (p=0.012) in the CNLDO group. While there were no significant differences in SII, NLR, and PLR values, the MLR value was significantly higher in the CNLDO group (p=0.026). Recurrence was detected in four patients (12.2%). In the CNLDO group, three patients had undescended testicles, one patient had an inguinal hernia, and one patient had a cleft palate. No significant difference was found between probing time and systemic inflammatory markers and recurrence (for all values p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Platelet, monocyte levels, and MLR ratio were closely associated with CNLDO. Additional anomalies may accompany CNLDO. Successful results can be obtained with probing in the following months.
Ingestão de açúcar por crianças com dificuldades alimentares menores de 2 anos - estudo em um centro de referência brasileiro
Authors: Franco Thainá Maquedo , Cho Roberta Mi Kyong Kim , Ricci Raquel , Nogueira Luana Romão , Maximino Priscila , De Laquila Rachel , Fisberg Mauro
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Os primeiros anos de vida são essenciais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento. A criança, já nasce com a preferência pelo sabor doce, e ao consumir preparações açucaradas, propicia-se uma alimentação de baixa qualidade nutricional. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a ingestão de alimentos que contenham açúcar por crianças com dificuldades alimentares menores de 2 anos atendidas em um centro especializado. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, com dados obtidos do prontuário de crianças de ambos os sexos, atendidas no Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), localizado no município de São Paulo. Dentre os alimentos consumidos foram selecionados aqueles que continham açúcar de adição em sua composição. Para categorizar os alimentos foi usada a classificação da “What We Eat in América” (WWEIA). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 31 crianças com dificuldades alimentares, 77,4% apresentou consumo de pelo menos um alimento contendo açúcar. Os alimentos mais consumidos foram biscoitos e brownies, bolos e tortas, milk-shakes e outras bebidas lácteas. Discussões e Conclusão: A fase de alimentação complementar, pode se tornar um grande desafio aos pais e cuidadores, a mesma foi o ponto de partida para a maioria das crianças com dificuldade alimentares. O aprendizado do comer é um processo complexo que exige aquisição de habilidades na oferta de alimentos adequados e variados, contudo, o contexto, se torna favorável com às práticas inadequadas, sendo uma delas, permissão do consumo de alimentos e produtos adoçados, pelas mesmas.
Assessment of Force Applied During Examination Under Anesthesia Used to Determine Stability in Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Lee Adam Keith , Collinge Cory Alan
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

Determination of hip instability associated with posterior wall acetabular fractures may be difficult. Thus, dynamic stress examination under anesthesia (EUA) was developed as a tool for guiding treatment. EUA uses positioning of the hip and application of force across the hip to detect instability. While aspects of the EUA technique seems consistently described in the literature and practiced by surgeons, some components are ill-defined. The goal of this study was to assess standardization of applied force during EUA among experienced acetabular surgeons.

Methods:

Fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons with experience in acetabular fracture treatment performed EUA for posterior wall instability on an intact, fresh human cadaver. All surgeons used a similar method, and each expert performed EUA multiple times separated by a brief hiatus. The maximum force applied along the femur's vector in Newtons (N) was measured using a hand-held digital dynamometer.

Results:

The EUAs of 19 surgeons were evaluated. Five surgeons had been practicing for <5 years, six for 6 to 10 years, five for 11 to 20 years, and three for >20 years. The mean force applied during EUA was 173N, with a notable variability between surgeons (range, 77-368N). Notable variability was also observed between sequential measures of individual surgeons with six surgeons (31.6%) having a >50N range on repeat trials.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to report force applied during an EUA to assess for posterior wall acetabular fracture stability. Notable variability was observed among surgeons performing the examination and in repeated examinations by the same surgeon, suggesting that results of EUA may be surgeon-dependent. Further study is needed to determine what optimal applied force should be used to assess hip stability after a posterior wall acetabular fracture.

Level of evidence:

Level V. An assessment of a diagnostic tool
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: A Biochemical Marker for Early Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Adults
Authors: Ayub Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan , Khan Muhammad Nadim Akbar , Sultana Saadia , Qayyum Shazia
Published: July 2024

Urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary system. Early diagnosis is helpful in timely treatment. Urinary NGAL is a new method that is used for early diagnosis of UTI. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as a biochemical marker for early UTI diagnosis. Methods: A analytical study was conducted from Oct 2022 to Oct 2023, A total of 90 subjects having signs and symptoms of UTI irrespective of age and gender. The study participants were divided into three groups. Patients with UTI were included in diseased group (n=60) and healthy individuals were enrolled as controls in Group-I (n=30). SPSS v-26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were applied. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.5±6.9 years, 23(26%) were male, and 67(74%) female. These participants were divided into three groups; Group-I (control) had 30(33.3%) participants, group-II (patients with signs and symptoms but negative culture) had 34(37.8%), and group-III (patients with signs and symptoms and positive cultures) had 26(28.9%) participants. No growth was seen in participants of Group-I, II, and Group-III had positive cultures including E. coli (16.7%), S. aureus (10%), Candida Sp. (1.1%) and Klebsiella Pneumonea (1.1%) with significant findings (p<0.001). A significant difference among groups was noticed with uNGAL levels (p<0.001); Group-III had raised uNGAL levels of 361 ± 65.5ng/ml. Conclusion: Urinary NGAL is a promising biomarker that can detect UTIs even in the absence of clinical symptoms, enabling early diagnosis and treatment of UTIs.
Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic Pregnant Females
Authors: Azmat Saddiqa , Sajjad Nazia , Asghar Sadia , Ahmed Khalil , Anwar Maria , Ishaq Hafiza Ayesha
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is rising quickly and patients require assistance with decision-making, behavioral control and obtaining the knowledge required for self-care. The knowledge of GDM, together with nutritional guidance and glycemic control education, is crucial to the care of diabetic women. Objective: To determine the knowledge among gestational diabetic pregnant females. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology outpatient departments in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha. 150 pregnant females aged range (18-40) year, with any gravida and diagnosed with GDM were enrolled in current study. A structured questionnaire regarding the knowledge of gestational diabetes was used to collect data. Data were entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Majority of participants were 18-30 years 80 (59.3%) old. 42 (28%) were normal weight, 82 (54.6%) were overweight and 26 (17.3%) were obese while 98 (65.3%) women were housewives. 63 participants know about self-care routine of GD, while 58 know about feto-maternal complications. Majority 90 (60%) females don’t know about the risk and symptoms of gestational diabetes. 101 (67.3%) have poor knowledge about glucose monitoring. When they asked about the management of hypo and hyper glycemia 81 (54%) don’t have enough knowledge about management protocols. Regarding the diagnostic procedures 74 (49.3%) have good knowledge. Conclusions: The study concluded that most participants, have lack of knowledge of GDM, management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), its symptoms, fetomaternal complications and diagnostic criteria.
‘Vangnetwerken’: werken aan een vervangend sociaal netwerk 
Authors: Zwijnenburg Jenny , Timmerman Guus
Published: July 2024

Vangnetwerken is het werken aan een vervangend sociaal netwerk voor mensen die in sociaal isolement verkeren of dreigen te geraken. Vangnetwerken is ontwikkeld door Jenny Zwijnenburg, sociaal werker van het jaar 2014. Zij ontwikkelde Vangnetwerken op verschillende plekken in het land en deed onderzoek naar de werkzame bestanddelen ervan. Nu is de interventie erkend als goed onderbouwd en wordt het opgenomen in de Databank Effectieve Sociale Interventies. Bij het maken van de onderbouwing is samengewerkt met Stichting Presentie. Vangnetwerken heeft namelijk een heel praktische kant maar kent ook een stevige theoretische onderbouwing, in de presentietheorie. Hieronder gaan Jenny Zwijnenburg en Guus Timmerman, van Stichting Presentie, in gesprek. Ze beginnen bij de aanleiding en vorming van het eerste vangnetwerk. Vervolgens worden de drie werkzame bestanddelen besproken die Jenny identificeerde. Dat zijn: ‘positief op elkaar betrekken’, ‘activiteiten in een sfeer van georganiseerde chaos’ en ‘sociaal tolken’. Dan komen Jenny en Guus op de vraag hoe een sociaal werker kan leren te Vangnetwerken. Aan het eind gaan ze in op de politieke taak van de sociaal werker.
Science Teachers’ Perceptions on Continuing Professional Development (CPD), Self-Efficacy, and Instructional Performance
Authors: Felix Kerry Joy Tuale , Abrogena Lilibeth Guillermo
Published: July 2024

This study examined science teachers’ perceptions of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and its impact on their self-efficacy and instructional performance. It investigated the types of CPD activities attended, perceptions of CPD, the relationship among perceptions, self-efficacy, and instructional performance, and the challenges faced in attending CPD activities. The study involved 71 Junior high school science teachers from major schools in ten districts in Baguio City, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using checklists, a survey-checklist, a self-assessment instrument, and an open-ended questionnaire. Findings showed that teachers mainly attended conferences, seminars, and workshops for CPD, while advising dissertation and thesis candidates was the least attended. CPD positively influenced self-efficacy in classroom management, instructional strategies, and student engagement. Most teachers strongly agreed that they could teach proficiently according to objectives. Significant correlations were found between self-efficacy and perceptions of CPD in instructional strategies and classroom management, but not in student engagement. Positive correlations were observed between self-efficacy and instructional performance in all areas. Meanwhile, major challenges faced by educators in their pursuit of advancement undertakings included financial constraints, work-related conflicts, and limited availability of authorized CPD providers.
Qualifying Achmea : Investor-State Arbitration, Jurisdictional Conflict and EU Decision-Making
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: July 2024

In 2019, the European Court of Justice shocked the arbitration community with the release of Opinion 1/17. The opinion turned once again to the compatibility of Investor-State Dispute Settlement mechanisms under EU law, finding the provision in Canada’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement compatible. Yet the ruling appeared at odds with the court’s own case law. Only a year earlier, in Slovak Republic v. Achmea, the court had found the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) provision in a Netherlands-Slovakia treaty incompatible. This article examines the two cases to consider the jurisdictional compatibility of investorstate arbitration bodies under EU law. Through a close reading of the judgments, it traces a common thread in the court’s reasoning – the principle of mutual trust. It argues that mutual trust can be seen both as the Court’s metric for limiting the scope of arbitration practice, as well as the source of the court’s autonomy within the EU legal order. In so doing, the paper seeks to resolve the apparent conflicts between these two contrasting cases, while also commenting on the Court’s approach to decision-making more broadly.
The Bifurcation Games: How Arbitrators Buy Their Lottery Ticket
Authors: Castagna Stefano
Published: July 2024

This article has been written to provide guidance to arbitrators and counsel when dealing with bifurcation, with special consideration of resource optimization issues and legal constraints. As it proceeds, it illustrates the complexity and multiplicity of the world of international commercial arbitration. Approaching a definition for bifurcation, the author begins by summing up various views of commentators, leading to a resolutive understanding of what bifurcation is. The work goes on to identify the arbitral powers used to bifurcate proceedings, their limits and potential. While doing so, it offers a deepened analysis of the role of inherent and implied powers, clarifying the nature of the arbitrators’ office, position and status. It then lists and describes different types of bifurcation that can occur in practice, considering each type according to its nature and scope. The author provides a standard formula and other suggestions to assess when it is optimal to take the decision to bifurcate, giving tribunals guidance for its implementation and ad hoc data gathering. Finally, it sets forth situations in which bifurcation is ideal.
Children of the Revolution: Boldly Going Towards New Gender Diversity Frontiers in International Arbitration
Authors: J. Lee Amanda
Published: July 2024

The creators of Star Trek dared to imagine a future in which gender and race were non-issues – a future in which anyone could take their place on the bridge and reach (for) the stars. That future is within our grasp, but in international arbitration the path to gender equality is one with many steps. This article, based on the author’s Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb)’s 2021 International Women’s Day lecture of the same name, reflects on some of the hard-won victories achieved by the pioneers of gender diversity in international arbitration and explores where the remaining challenges lie as we head towards our final frontier – true gender equality. How can the next generation of arbitration leaders and the generations that follow, the ‘children’ of the gender diversity revolution, make sure that hard-won progress is not lost and keep us moving boldly forward? This article is based on the lecture of the same name delivered by the author at the CIArb’s International Women’s Day Event on 8 March 2021.
Art Law Dispute Resolution: Demands for the Return of National Treasures and the Disputed Ownership of the Hugh Lane Impressionist Paintings
Authors: Connerty Anthony
Published: July 2024

This article looks at three matters:1. Claims for the return of national treasures and cultural objects.2. The dispute between the Dublin City Gallery and the National Gallery in London concerning the ownership of the Hugh Lane Impressionist Paintings.3. Methods for dealing with the settlement of art-related conflicts by dispute resolution systems such as arbitration and mediation.This article is based in part on an article by the author, ‘Ownership, Ethics and Non-Adversarial Settlement Methods: The Hugh Lane Bequest’: Volume 26 of the Studies in Art Law, Cultural Heritage Law and Ethics: Mapping Recent Developments: ISBN 978- 3-7255-8677-6; and on his article published by the Dispute Board Federation, ‘The Resolution of Art Disputes by Adjudication: A New Way Forward’.
Online Dispute Resolution: An Effective Mechanism and an Alternative Tool for Justice at a Reasonable Time
Authors: Chatterjee Aranya , Uddin Sharique
Published: July 2024

It is widely acknowledged that justice is a human right. Easy and online access to justice within a reasonable time upholds the ideal meaning of justice. Two major questions are addressed in this article: Can online dispute resolution (ODR) be an alternative to courts for settling disputes and sustaining the fundamental idea of justice? What should an unexceptionable ODR system entail to have consumers’ trust? The article discusses various non-binding laws governing ODR worldwide, further stating the requirement to have government incentives for its adoption, and recommends various takeaways for private companies. The study suggests that examining ODR from its past and present instances reveal various shortcomings which can be curbed in the present incipience for an invulnerable future with ODR This article, with its analysis, shows that third-party human intervention is more effective than artificial intelligence (A.I.) algorithms because it allows technology to be used as a facilitator rather than an ascendant for resolving disputes. At the same time, technology should only be used as an assistive tool and not implemented in every aspect of the system. A.I. and machine learning algorithms are better used for data analytics and insights, and should not rely on a system that suggests and negotiates on behalf of the parties. The authors delve into various types of dispute resolution systems and their interface with technology to provide a conceptual understanding of the benefits involved in the ODR process and how is it being used across the globe for delivering remedies at a time when courts with burdened shoulders are delaying proceedings, thus signifying the way towards adoption of the ODR mechanism.
Virtual Hearings in International Arbitration: Challenges, Solutions, and Threats to Enforcement
Authors: Madyoon Nika
Published: July 2024

At the height of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, virtual hearings quickly became a mandatory practice throughout the legal field. In the area of international arbitration, this transition to virtual procedure was long anticipated due to the costs and complexities inherent to global disputes. But virtual hearings were never fully championed until there was no other option. This period of transition has proven instructive. This article seeks to identify the biggest challenges posed by virtual hearings in the international arbitration context, focusing specifically on issues surrounding witness testimony, security, and due process. It then considers the potential impacts of these issues on the enforcement of arbitration awards.
Liability for Non-compliance with a Dispute Resolution Agreement
Authors: Draguiev Deyan
Published: July 2024

The use of dispute resolution with a forum selection clause is widespread and continues to grow so that it is now commonplace to have such a clause inserted in an agreement with an international element. One of the salient issues related to such clauses or agreements is what the consequences are if a party avoids compliance. This article aims to provide an anatomy of this matter: first, how a dispute resolution agreement should be perceived, and what obligations it creates for each of the parties (herein termed performance obligations); and second, a taxonomy of the types of liability that may flow from such a breach, both financial (e.g., damages, costs allocation) and non-financial. The article analyses and draws examples from a variety of both common law and civil law jurisdictions to provide a comprehensive mapping of the topic.
Jumping the Gun: Federal Court of Australia Declines Enforcement of Qatari Award on the Basis of Defective Constitution of Court- Appointed Arbitral Tribunal
Authors: Welmans Larissa , Luttrell Sam
Published: July 2024

In a recent decision, the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia has confirmed the commitment of Australian courts to the primacy of party agreement in the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. The court refused enforcement in Australia because the award was issued by a Qatari-seated arbitral tribunal that was not constituted in accordance with the parties’ agreement. The court’s decision engages with issues of comity because the arbitral tribunal had been appointed by a court of the seat in Qatar. The decision also clarifies the nature of the burden of proving grounds for non-enforcement of arbitral awards under Australia’s international arbitration legislation. In addition, in finding that the jurisdictional nature of the defective tribunal appointment precluded the exercise of any residual discretion to enforce, the decision elucidates the nature of Australian courts’ discretion to order enforcement of a foreign arbitral award notwithstanding a ground for non-enforcement being established.
The English Supreme Court’s Decision in Halliburton V. Chubb: An Examination of the Issues Arising from Arbitrators’ Acceptance of Multiple Appointments in Related Arbitrations and Arbitrator’s Duty to Disclose
Authors: O. Adeleye Peace , C. Nga Daze
Published: July 2024

Independence, impartiality, and the existence of an environment devoid of bias are key elements that define the integrity of any dispute resolution process. The absence of these key elements in any dispute resolution process cast doubt on due process notwithstanding the formality adopted in such process. Like every dispute resolution process, it is an ideal and a requirement in the arbitral process for every arbitrator to be impartial and independent. Arbitrators are obliged to disclose circumstances that may cast doubt on their impartiality upon acceptance of the arbitration and during the arbitration. This requirement is explicitly contained in most institutional arbitration rules and in most country’s arbitration rules. The requirement for arbitrators to disclose circumstances that may give rise to their partiality is opaque and uncertain. In the case of Halliburton v. Chubb, the English Supreme Court pronounced on the impact of the acceptance of multiple appointments by arbitrators in arbitration with the related subject matter and on the corresponding duty of an arbitrator to disclose. This article analyses the arbitrator’s duty of independence and impartiality considering the decision rendered in Halliburton v. Chubb and critically examines the arbitrator’s acceptance of multiple appointments with a related subject matter or common party, the appearance of bias, unconscious bias, and the duty of disclosure.
Why Artificial Intelligence Is a Compatible Match for Arbitration
Authors: Rafique Maroof
Published: July 2024

As the data revolution comes increasingly to characterize the new global economy, artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to be the most disruptive technology of the twenty-first century. Recent studies predict a USD 15.7 trillion economic impact by 2030 due to the surge of AI. Inevitably, with the metaverse at hand utilising the principles and features of AI, trending and future applications will range from the use of AI in the arbitration process to its expansion as a tool for procedural management in the tribunal framework. This article explores how AI and arbitration complement each other in the legal sector.
Arbitrator Immunity and Liability for Court Costs
Authors: Tamblyn Nathan
Published: July 2024

This article argues that, contrary to a trio of cases, arbitrator immunity should extend to the costs of court applications for an arbitrator’s removal.
Memorials and Witness Statements: The Need for Reform
Authors: D Turnbull Robert , Jones AO Professor Doug
Published: July 2024

Witness statements are a core feature of international commercial arbitration. In current practice, they have become a vehicle for the making of legal submissions, quoting from and commenting on documents, and speculating on all manner of things, including third parties’ conduct. In this form, witness statements impede arbitral efficiency, drive up costs and waste time. This article argues that the preparation of witness statements in international commercial arbitration should be reformed. Witness statements should give the tribunal a factual account of what a witness heard, saw or thought at the time of the events the subject of the arbitration. No more, no less. Combined with a memorial approach to the presentation of evidence, a reformed witness statement procedure can assist the arbitral process. Arbitration practitioners can learn from recent reforms to the preparation of witness statements in the English courts, which seek to attain similar objectives. A draft procedural order is appended to this article, to assist arbitrators and counsel to start immediately on the path of making witness statements focus on the real issues in dispute and serve arbitral efficiency.
The Future of US Discovery in Support of International Arbitration: The US Supreme Court Settles the Debate Over the Reach of Section 1782
Authors: Reiss Peter Nahmias
Published: July 2024

Section 1782 of Title 28 of the US Federal Code is a powerful tool that allows foreign litigants to use US ‘discovery’ to obtain evidence that in many cases is not available to them in their home forum, allowing a US district court to order a person who ‘resides or is found’ in its jurisdiction to provide documentary evidence or testimony ‘for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international court’. A difference of opinion developed among the federal circuit courts on the scope of the section due in part to the Supreme Court leaving the matter open at Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 542 US 241 (2004). On 13 June 2013, the US Supreme Court ruled on this issue in two consolidated cases. ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd., No. 21-401 (Commercial Arbitration), and AlixPartners LLP v. The Fund for the Protection of the Rights of Investors in Foreign States, No. 21-518 (investment arbitration), ruling that only an adjudicative body of a governmental or intergovernmental nature constitutes an ‘foreign or international tribunal’ under §1782. This long-awaited ruling will have a significant impact on international arbitration.
Stay of Proceedings When Parallel Criminal Proceedings are under Way
Authors: Ashford Peter
Published: July 2024

Allegations of fraud, dishonesty or other criminal behaviour can give rise to both criminal and civil (including arbitration) proceedings. If so, the question often arises whether the civil proceedings should be stayed to await the outcome of the criminal proceedings as there is a risk of selfincrimination (but this can be largely nullified if the summary judgment test can be satisfied). The coercive powers of the prosecuting authorities can reveal greater evidence and the modern requirement is for a criminal defendant to set out his defence. All this is to be balanced with the desire and right of the claimant to have its claim resolved.
Anti-suit and Anti-arbitration Injunctions: The Parallel Paradoxarbitration Injunctions
Authors: Cookman Daniel
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article (Daniel Cookman, LL.M, LL.B, B.A., Principal Owner EVHC Consulting.) is to examine the current system of anti-suit and anti-arbitration injunctions as they pertain to parallel legal proceedings. Parallel proceedings undermine the effectiveness of arbitration agreements. Discourse provides an alternative priority model – based solution, seeking to prevent separate jurisdictional courts from proceeding with independent determinations of the matters of substance. Examination of Irish, English and European case law identifies a uniformity discord. The subject matter herein comprises examinations of antiarbitration injunctions, anti-suit injunctions, and the relevant legal European landscape, providing an overview of national jurisdictions’ approach to matters of competence.
Is there a usable “civil law approach” to document production in international arbitration?
Authors: Sasson Monique
Published: July 2024

This article proposes a “civil law approach” to document production in international arbitration. The discussion begins with a description of the 1983 IBA Evidence Rules and the drafters’ attempt to place tight boundaries on the common law view of disclosure by limiting document production requests to, e.g., specific documents rather than categories of documents. However, the document production provisions in 1999 IBA Rules, confirmed in the 2010 and 2020 versions, showed that the common law view of broad discovery had prevailed not only in the IBA Rules but, above all, in international arbitral practice. Intended restrictions on the scope of document production, both in the IBA Rules and in practice, have not prevented the proliferation of massive and ever-growing “Redfern Schedules.” Concepts deriving from civil law perspectives on evidence-gathering may nonetheless provide useful correctives to the most serious excesses of the common law document production model, without seeking to jettison the model entirely (the Prague Rules position) or perpetuate a greatly unbalanced civil lawcommon law “harmonization” (which the IBA Rules unintentionally established). One corrective, albeit highly unlikely to be adopted, would be for the parties in a particular case to agree to exclude the arbitral tribunal’s authority to order document disclosure. The key corrective, however, would assume the existence of a document production procedure, but with three independent elements to confine and clarify the scope of disclosure: (i) document production would be strictly limited to the specific documents (rather than categories of documents) that a party demonstrates it needs to carry its burden of proof; (ii) a party’s document search obligations would be consistent with its document retention policy (if it has such a policy), with “litigation holds” being limited to documents retained by the direct participants in the disputed issues of the transaction; and (iii) the only privilege to be recognized for protection of documents (or parts of documents) from disclosure, absent an agreement otherwise by the parties, would be the legal advice privilege as reflected in Article 9(3)(a) of the 2020 IBA Rules. Article 9 (3)(a) refers to communications made in connection with and for the purpose of providing or obtaining legal advice. Further, privilege logs — now becoming a common feature of the “Redfern phase” in international arbitration — would not be permitted absent a demonstration that a party was acting improperly in asserting privilege. If the above civil law-inspired measures are adopted, the document production process will still primarily be a common law variant, though substantially tempered by a civil law sensibility. In short, a civil law approach to document production in international arbitration is in fact cognizable, and its use should be recommended to all participants — arbitrators, counsel, and parties.