bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO DOCENTE ACERCA DO USO DE PROJETOS NA DISCIPLINA DE CIÊNCIAS PARA O AVANÇO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE EDUCANDOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UM RELATO DE CASO DA APAE DE SARZEDO-MG
Authors: Freitas Thays Cristina Rodrigues Cangussu De
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O plantio e uso de espécies vegetais sempre fez parte da cultura e da história humana. Elas são a base de sustentação da vida na Terra e são elas que, juntamente com as algas, produzem o oxigénio necessário à respiração dos seres vivos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar conceitos básicos de botânica a alunos excepcionais do 7º ano EJA da Apae escola, na cidade de Sarzedo-MG. Material e métodos: O projeto foi realizado em 3 etapas. Na primeira, os estudantes aprenderam nas aulas de Ciências, conceitos simples de botânica, como, por exemplo, o nome das partes dos vegetais (raiz, caule, folha, frutos e sementes). Na segunda etapa, os mesmos assistiram ao vídeo: “João e o Pé de Feijão”, disponível no Youtube, onde posteriormente fizeram o plantio de um pé de feijão em sala, para fazer o acompanhamento de seu crescimento. Passados 40 dias do plantio, os alunos colheram o vegetal, colaram em uma folha A3, e fizeram a nomeação das partes da planta. Em comemoração ao dia 5 de junho, realizou-se na APAE sítio a terceira etapa do projeto, com a realização do plantio de várias mudas de vegetais doados à instituição. Os alunos puderam manusear a terra, plantar, regar o vegetal e descrever para os colegas, a sua experiencia com a atividade. Resultados: Todos os estudantes da escola participaram ativamente do projeto proposto. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a iniciativa alcançou seu objetivo, uma vez que foi possível observar o aprendizado dos estudantes, que demonstraram grande envolvimento na atividade, principalmente no plantio dos vegetais, no sítio. Sabe-se que cada ser humano tem um ritmo diferente de aprendizagem, e partindo dessa premissa, a descoberta das potencialidades dos alunos especiais é um dos grandes desafios dos educadores que trabalham nesta área. Portanto, ensinar botânica através do projeto Plantar, se mostrou importante e eficaz, visto que os estudantes participaram ativamente do seu processo de aprendizagem: perguntando, pesquisando, e organizando as tarefas; além de demonstrarem que a aprendizagem por projetos melhoraram muito a retenção dos conteúdos apresentados na disciplina de Ciências, o que não era observado nas aulas expositivas, antes lecionadas.
REGULARIZAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS DE RESERVA LEGAL EM RELAÇÃO AO TAMANHO DAS PROPRIEDADES NO MUNICÍPIO DE BURI - SP
Authors: Fernandes Patrick Faria , Vicente Mariana Canutti Mariano , Ferrari Victoria Moreno , Souza Rodolfo França De , Jardim Giovanna De Lima
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A proteção das áreas de Reserva Legal (RL) em propriedades rurais é essencial para conservação da biodiversidade e manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos, sendo obrigatória a destinação de 20% do imóvel como RL composta por vegetação nativa no estado de São Paulo, garantindo sua regularização ambiental. Objetivos: Quantificar e classificar por tamanho as propriedades rurais cadastradas no CAR (Cadastro Ambiental Rural) e analisar possível relação com a regularização das áreas de Reserva Legal no município de Buri. Material e métodos: Os dados georreferenciados da delimitação dos imóveis rurais e RL do município foram obtidos na plataforma SICAR (Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental Rural) em formato vetorial, com informações do imóvel como, tamanho da área, número de módulos fiscais e outras. Imóveis cancelados foram ignorados e, baseado no número de módulos fiscais, as propriedades rurais foram classificadas como pequenas (0-4 módulos), médias (4-15) e grandes propriedades (>15), com uso do software Qgis. Adicionou-se a camada referente às RL e com a ferramenta “dissolver” foram retirados os polígonos sobrepostos de todos os vetores, e realizou-se o cálculo da porcentagem de área de RL presente em cada uma das classes de tamanhos, utilizando a ferramenta "intersect''. Resultados: Foram encontrados 776 imóveis rurais, em sua maioria pequenas propriedades (555), seguido de médias (143) e grandes (78). Porém, em relação ao tamanho das áreas em hectares, as grandes propriedades apresentaram mais de 60% (64.640 hectares) da área total do município, enquanto pequenas apenas 13,46%. Quanto ao déficit das áreas de RL por classe de tamanho de imóveis, as pequenas propriedades apresentaram maior debilidade, com 5,05% de déficit, acompanhado de 4,29% das médias e 2,08% das grandes propriedades. Conclusão: A maioria dos imóveis rurais são pequenos, porém grandes propriedades integram a maior parcela territorial do município. O déficit de RL foi superior nas pequenas propriedades, uma vez que grandes produtores conseguem sustentar uma produção vantajosa e ainda ter espaço para legalização de RL. Assim, fica evidenciada a necessidade de medidas que auxiliem o pequeno proprietário, visto que o custo com a regularização em muitos casos pode ultrapassar a renda desses produtores.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE MODELOS DIDÁTICOS NO ENSINO DOS SISTEMAS DO CORPO HUMANO
Authors: Rego Neto Luis Gonzaga Do , Oliveira Amannda Keille Batista De
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A maior dificuldade na sala de aula é fazer com que o aluno consiga assimilar e aprender os conteúdos ministrados, quando tornamos as aulas mais dinâmicas e participativas pode-se existir um interesse mútuo dos educandos, assim o desenvolvimento de modelos didáticos participativos possibilita criar uma cultura educacional que envolva o aluno na sala de aula favorecendo o aprendizado. Objetivos: realizar aulas participativas com a confecção de modelos didáticos no ensino dos sistemas do corpo humano na escola Estadual Professor Manoel Herculano em São Francisco do Oeste no Rio Grande do Norte. Materiais e Métodos: a pesquisa foi aplicada com os alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio, o primeiro momento constituiu da abordagem em sala de aula da importância dos modelos didáticos e exemplos de confecção, em um segundo momento os alunos foram divididos em grupos para realização dos modelos didáticos, sendo o G1–sistema esquelético, G2–sistema muscular, G3–sistema respiratório, G4–sistema tegumentar e G5–sistema nervoso; ficando a critério de cada grupo como seria desenvolvido o modelo referente ao sistema do corpo humano, o tempo para confecção dos modelos foi em torno de quinze dias, com a transcrição do tempo estabelecido, e em sala de aula os grupos realizaram as apresentações referentes aos sistemas com seus modelos didáticos e explicaram quais materiais foram utilizados para confecção e motivos para desenvolver, além de realizar a explicação do conteúdo. Resultados: os resultados obtidos foram de relevância didática, permitindo que os alunos construíssem o conhecimento a partir de um objeto de estudo ao invés de receber apenas informações em sala de aula, percebendo que existiu uma interação maior dos grupos com relação as informações dos conteúdos, uma participação em confeccionar o sistema do corpo humano, desenvolvendo a capacidade criativa do aluno, absorção do conteúdo, percepção sobre a matéria e desenvolvimento de uma aula mais dinamizada. Conclusão: assim esse método de ensino deve ser estimulado nas diversas disciplinas para contribuir na participação dos alunos e numa possível absorção dos conteúdos, fazendo com que os alunos com maior dificuldade de aprendizado possam criar uma ferramenta de estimulo no ensino.
ATROPELAMENTO DE MAMÍFEROS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE REGISTRADOS EM TRECHO DA BR 282, OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Passos Manuela Gazzoni dos , Bortolaz Lidiorlan David Dos Santos , Almeida Silvia Mara Zanela De , Dorigon Elisangela Bini
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os atropelamentos de fauna estão entre os principais impactos nas rodovias, sendo um contribuinte direto para diminuição da biodiversidade. Além da perca da fauna, as rodovias também exercem um papel importante na destruição de habitats, visto que importantes fragmentos florestais são divididos por elas, favorecendo o aumento da mortandade da fauna silvestre através dos atropelamentos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo levantar os atropelamentos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte registrados em um trecho da BR 282, entre os quilômetros 460 ao 500, entre os municípios de Ponte Serrada à Xanxerê – SC. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada no período de outubro de 2018 à setembro de 2019 com passagem diária pelo trecho. Foram registrados em tabela os indivíduos com possível identificação a nível de espécie ou gênero, além de registro fotográfico. Resultados: Foram registrados 98 atropelamentos, pertencentes a 15 espécies, subdivididos em 12 famílias. A espécie Didelphis albiventris foi a mais comumente encontrada, apresentando 36 indivíduos registrados (36,73%), seguida de Cerdocyon thous com 15 indivíduos (15,31%) e Dasypus novemcinctus 09 indivíduos (9,18%). Com relação às espécies ameaçadas de extinção, foram encontradas 03 espécies, subdivididas em 04 indivíduos (4,08%) da espécie Leopardus guttulus, 02 indivíduos (2,04%) da espécie Puma yagouarondi e 01 indivíduo de Alouatta guariba clamitans (1,02%). Conclusão: Verifica-se a necessidade de medidas que possam mitigar estes impactos sobre a biodiversidade. O alto número de mamíferos atropelados em um trecho considerado pequeno de rodovia evidencia a necessidade de instalação de redutores de velocidade e placas alertando os motoristas como possibilidades com custo econômico baixo e de alta relevância a conservação da mastofauna. Para a implantação de outras medidas mitigadoras, como a instalação de tuneis, pontes e cercas direcionadoras da fauna, tornam-se necessários mais estudos sobre o tema.
Localising the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: implementation challenges and opportunities
Authors: Eunice Annan-Aggrey  , Elmond Bandauko  , Godwin Arku
Published: June 2021

At the point of adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Africa’s starting point on almost all dimensions of development was much lower than that of other regions of the world. Thus, SDG progress on the continent determines to a large extent whether the global SDG commitment to ‘leave no one behind’ remains rhetoric or becomes reality. Local government action is critical to the achievement of the SDGs, as most services provided at the local level have a direct impact on SDG indicators. This paper reflects on the first quadrennial review cycle of the SDGs, and highlights challenges encountered in localising the SDGs in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the ongoing strategising for the remaining timeline of the SDGs and analyses the opportunities for local governments to contribute to SDG implementation. The paper also seeks to inform policy action to strengthen local capacity to drive the SDGs agenda in the ‘Decade of Action’ (2020–2030).
Measuring digital transformation impact in Jordan: A proposed framework.
Authors: Adaileh Mohammad , Alshawawreh Ali
Published: June 2021

The digital transformation vision (REACH 2025) is essential for transformation and enabling individuals, sectors, and companies in Jordan to adopt digital solutions and build a robust ground in conducting business. The government in Jordan launched the REACH2025 Vision in 2016, and it has taken many serious measures to bring sectors, companies, and individuals to virtual digital by 2025. This government's vision consisted of seven dimensions (Smart Specialization and demand-driven innovation, Public Sector Innovation, Tech Start-ups and Entrepreneurs, ICT Skills, Capacity and Talent, Enabling Business Environment, Smart digital economy infrastructure, and Governance), and 18 actions to implement over ten years. The researchers used these dimensions to build a framework to measure the impact of government progress on enabling individuals, sectors, and companies, on productivity, and encouraging investment. The researchers used a sample of 196 respondents from various disciplines to figure out attitudes and evaluate government actions. The researchers also used responses to validate the proposed theoretical framework in the components of the digital economy. The results revealed positive attitudes towards the development and implementation, and excellent in some areas, while some measures need strengthening and re-evaluation. The study recommended employing the proposed framework to measure the actual impact of the digital transformation. The study also advises leading future research towards further empirical examination to validate the framework proposed.
ANA ÇİZGİLERİYLE SÖZLÜK BİLİMİ VE TÜRK SÖZLÜKÇÜLÜĞÜ
Authors: KAYNAK Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Türk sözlükçülüğü, ilk sözlüğümüz olan Divanu Lugati’t Türk’ten günümüze oldukça farklı görünümler arz etmiştir. Tanzimat Dönemi sözlükçülüğümüz önemli gelişmelere sahne olmuş, Cumhuriyet sonrasında ise kurumlar aracılığıyla bilimsel düzeyde sözlük yayınları yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Sözlük bilimi (leksikografi) adı altında yapılan çalışmalar önemli bir seviyeye ulaşmış olsa da bu alanın bir bilim dalı olup olmadığı hâlâ tartışılmaktadır. Bu yazıda sözlüğün tanımı, kapsamı, işlevi, tarihçesi ve sözlük türleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş; sözlük biliminin kapsamı ve diğer tartışmalı konuları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır.
ú-ri-iš-ḫi ON THE BRONZE HORSE HARNESS DISC OF TABRIZ MUSEUM IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER SIMILAR URARTIAN DISCS INSCRIPTIONS
Authors: DARA مریم
Published: June 2021

Urartians left some pieces of evidence of their domination in North West of Iran. Among them are noteworthy metal objects, sometimes with the name of the Urartian king. Some Urartian discs of horse harnesses, sometimes inscribed, are found as well. A similar object exists in Eastern Azarbaijan Museum with the inscription of Argišti I. The name of the king’s father is not written, but epigraphically it is attributed to Argišti I.
AHP VE TOPSIS YÖNTEMLERİ KULLANILARAK TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE PERSONEL SEÇİMİ
Authors: ERSOY Yusuf
Published: June 2021

Günümüz rekabetçi iş ortamında insan kaynakları işletmelerin başarısında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Emek yoğun bir sektör olan tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin işin gerekliliklerini en iyi şekilde yerine getirebilecek özelliklere sahip personeller ile çalışmaları sürdürülebilirlikleri ve rekabet edebilirlikleri açısından oldukça önemlidir. Personel seçim sürecinin nitelikli insan kaynağının işletmeye kazandırılmasında önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Personel seçim sürecinde işletmeler birçok aday arasından seçim yapmak zorunda kalmaktadırlar. Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri birden çok alternatif ve kriterin olduğu personel seçim problemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firma için gerekli olan en uygun mühendis seçiminin AHP ve TOPSIS yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada sekiz alternatif personel aday yedi kritere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi için AHP yöntemi kullanılmıştır. AHP yöntemi ile elde edilen kriter ağırlıkları TOPSIS yönteminde kullanılmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemi sonuçlarına göre alternatifler sıralanmış ve firma için en uygun aday belirlenmiştir.
The Status of Outside Marriage Children (The Study of Constitutional Court Regulation No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 on February 27th, 2012 Based on the Fuqaha' Perspective)
Authors: Hamam Hamam
Published: June 2021

Fornication is a kind of jarimah (felony) resulting in confusion of the biological father. However, nowadays, there is clarity on the status of the children out of marriage. The Constitutional Court issued a decision of regulation No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 on February 27th, 2012 about the out wedlock children who have a civil relationship and the blood rapport with their biological father as long as it can be proven biologically. This regulation drives some criticisms from various parties; the pro-side of the Court Regulation will claim it in the term of the doer of the adultery, while the contra-side of the Court Regulation will review it in the term of legalized the adultery. Furthermore, the aims of this study are: First, to know the opinion of jurists' law (fuqaha‟) about the status of the out of wedlock children; Second, to find the legal implications of the out of wedlock children after the application of the Constitutional Court regulation No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 on February 27th, 2012 based on the Fuqaha' perspective?. Moreover, this study uses the library research. The data are collected through the documentary of the primary and secondary data sources. The collected data are, then, analyzed qualitatively by using the content analysis. The results of this study are: Firstly, This according by the Shafi'i jurists' of four and the ad-Dzahiri the out of wedlock children (bastard) are not related to their biological father, but they are related to their biological mother and her family. Secondly, This according by some groups of Hanafi and Shaykh of Islam Ibn Taymiyah corroborated by ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah the wedlock children (bastard) are related to the men as their biological father and their father's family. Thirdly, the Constitutional Court (MK) regulations do not have any legal implications associated on the civil relationships of the out wedlock children (natural children) with their biological father. Moreover, the attitude of the biological father is classified as a jarimah (felony), and it is entitled to a penalty of the ta'zir; it is an obligation to provide the children, which the amount is considered to the fit and proper in accordance income of his; while the other civil rights includes the right of lineage, inheritance, and the rights of guardians. The ta'zir punishments in the provision of livelihood can be executed after the filing of a lawsuit and obtain an order from the Religion Court. The provision of the living is solely to satisfy the justice and legal protection for the interests of children's rights.
Lexical And Grammatical Ambiguities In Engligsh Texbook For Tenth Grade Students
Authors: Ermika Ermika , Sinambela Erika , Nahum Pasaribu Arsen
Published: June 2021

This study dealt with effort of finding the lexical and grammatical ambiguity in English textbook of Bahasa Inggris for the tenth grade. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of ambiguity and to find out the dominant types of ambiguity in Bahasa Inggris of the tenth grade. The numbers of the data were 21 of reading texts which were taken from English textbook of Bahasa Inggris of the tenth grade. The types of ambiguities were identified based on Fromkin et al theory. The research design used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data were analyzed by Identifying , classifying, tabulating and interpreting. From 21 reading texts, there were 27 sentences that contained ambiguous meaning. There are two types of ambiguity found in reading texts, they were lexical and grammatical ambiguity. The lexical ambiguity consisted of homonym, polysemy and antonym. While  grammatical ambiguity consisted of coordinate structure, negation scope, active or passive meaning, gerund + object or participle modifying a noun, prepositional phrase (PP) as modifier or sentence adjunct, and a head  of inner modifier and outer modifier. The dominant type of lexical ambiguity was homonymy with 6 occurrences (20.68%). While the dominant type of grammatical ambiguity was coordinate structure as many as 8 occurrences (27.59%).
The Role of Moderating Economic Growth Variables on the Effect of Allocation Funds and Capital Expenditures in Local Government
Authors: Eddy Sarwono Aris , Saptantinah Puji Astuti Dewi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) variables on capital expenditures. In addition, this study uses the role of intervening variables to analyze the effect of these variables. The data source for this research uses secondary data sources originating from the Director General of Fiscal Balance of the Regional Government. Respondents in this study were local governments in Central Java with a total of 35 regencies and cities for the period 2016-2019. The results of the analysis show that the DAU variable has a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure while the DAK variable has no significant effect on the modal expenditure variable. In addition, the results of the analysis also show that the variable Economic Growth (PE) is not a variable that mediates the effect of DAU on capital expenditure, while further analysis shows that PE is a variable that mediates the effect of DAK on capital expenditure.
New Technology in Automated Vehicles to Improve Passenger Safety
Authors: Suhardjono Suhardjono , Priyono Priyono , Sri Iswiyanti Agus , Parulian Dudi , Syah Putra Arman , Aisyah Nurul
Published: June 2021

The background of this research is by prioritizing how to improve the safety of passengers on a vehicle with increased security so that if an accident occurs, the passenger does not suffer any injury. If necessary, it is not scratched on the body. With this research, it is necessary to increase security in order to provide maximum protection. for passengers and motorists. The method used in this study using the literature review method based on research that has been done previously so that it can be the basis for this research. With the literature review, the research will be able to find new research problems so that this research can be the latest research in order to serve as the basis for future research. In this study, we will find out how to protect passengers on a vehicle with ways that passengers can do so that the security side can be improved. Therefore, the use of security in a vehicle is very important so that it can help drivers and passengers in driving. In this study will produce a proposed system that can be used as a basis as a guide in order to protect passengers and motorists and can improve the safety side of driving.
Program Coordination and Synergy of the Foreign Supervision Team (Tim Pora) in Cianjur Regency
Authors: Rachmat Rachmat
Published: June 2021

This study aims to find (identify) and determine problems related to the arrival of foreigners in Cianjur Regency. Furthermore, this research wants to set goals to be achieved. Of course, with the formation of the Pora Team, we want cooperation and coordination as well as synergy between related agencies. Third, the purpose of this study was to determine the communication strategy of the Pora Team in order to deal with the presence and activities of foreigners in the Cianjur Regency area. This study uses a qualitative approach with a post-positivistic paradigm. The method used is a case study. The models used are Assifi and French models. The result of this research is that the Pora Team analyzed various cases related to foreigners who came to Indonesia, especially Cianjur. The Sukabumi Class II Immigration Office released data on the number of Foreign Citizens (WNA) holding Permanent Stay Permit Cards (KITAP) who reside and have activities in Sukabumi and Cianjur. Apart from mixed marriages, not a few foreigners have the status of workers. There are 65 foreigners holding KITAP Cianjur Regency. The purpose of establishing the Pora Team is to supervise foreigners who come to Cianjur Regency, as an effort to prevent violations of regulations by foreigners in Cianjur Regency. The Pora Team's strategy-setting activities cover a variety of activities. These activities are in the form of (1) audience analysis, (2) selecting media, (3) developing messages, (4) implementing programs, (5) conducting monitoring and evaluation. The audience analysis in this case is foreigners. These foreigners have various kinds of arrival purposes such as tourism, socio-cultural visits, government, social and even for work. The Pora team in carrying out their duties collaborates with the Media. The Pora team coordinates with various government organizations. In carrying out its programs, apart from carrying out the duties and functions of the Pora Team, it can also carry out joint operations if needed. In conducting monitoring and evaluation, the results of joint operations are reported directly in writing. The report is submitted to the Chairman of the Pora Team no later than 7 (seven) days from the time the joint operation was carried out. The Pora team also has a map of the supervision of foreigners, solving problems of the existence and activities of foreigners, implementing and regulating relations and cooperation in the framework of controlling foreigners, preparing joint operation plans that are special or incidental in nature.
The role of Notch, Hh and Wnt in lung cancer development.
Authors: Cardona Andrés Felipe , Reguart Noemí
Published: June 2021

Hedgehog (Hh), Notch y Wingless-Int-(Wnt) son vías de señalización altamente conservadas entre las especies, esenciales para el desarrollo embrionario y para definir el destino de las células progenitoras. Todas participan en el desarrollo del pulmón, así como en diversos procesos relacionados con la reparación del epitelio en la vía aérea. La activación aberrante de estas vías se observa en una gran variedad de neoplasias, lo que sugiere que contribuyen en la evolución y el mantenimiento de un fenotipo maligno. Nueva evidencia implica la transformación maligna del linaje neuroendocrino con la activación anormal de la vía Hedgehog, mientras que la señalización de Notch y Wnt puede ser importantes en otros tipos de células tumorales derivadas de las vías respiratorias. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las teorías sobre la formación de tumores partir de células pluripotenciales en lugar del modelo estocástico de la carcinogénesis, no sorprende el creciente interés en estos genes que están directamente implicados en el proceso de renovación de las células troncales. En la actualidad, se están diseñando múltiples compuestos centrados en la reorientación de estas vías en el cáncer de pulmón. Esta revisión se concentra en el papel del Hh, Wnt y Notch en la tumorigénesis del cáncer de pulmón.
How does teaching architectural history meld into design education? A quick studio
Authors: TUZTAŞI Uğur , KOÇ Pınar
Published: June 2021

This study aims to reveal a design case in architectural education so that the gap between theory and practice can be reduced. For this purpose, an architectural history course and working in an architectural studio were chosen as the fundamental courses which constitute experimental area of the study. The inquiry orientation of this experimental practice is the discussion of the contributions and consequences of different perceptual methods to the teaching/learning level, as well as the provision of a variety of practices for direct learning. The method chosen was to adapt the architectural history course, which is generally based on theoretical narrative and supported by visual stimuli, for use in the architectural studio. For this purpose, the concept of style, borrowed from the architectural history course, has been turned into a useful design resource. Styles are described with the use of keywords in terms of their formal, structural, and conceptual features, and these features have been used as a design resource in the design of a new facade. Depending on the cognitive activity of each student, the study and interpretation of style have changed, which has led to differentiation in terms of design behaviors. Although such a study can impose some restrictions in terms of creative behaviors and morphological approaches, they can be eliminated by the exercise of the designer’s cognitive ability. In addition, such a method has created a new experimental field involving the integration of theory and practice in architectural education by melding an architectural history course into architectural studio activities.
Memlükler Dönemi Tarih Yazımına Bir Örnek: Ebû Zer Sıbt İbnü’l-Acemî (ö. 884/1480) ve Künûzü’z-Zeheb fî Târîhi Haleb Adlı Eseri
Authors: Atmaca Esra
Published: June 2021

Memlükler dönemi ilmî çalışmaların zirve yaptığı bir dönemdir. Bu çalışmaların daha yoğun olduğu devletin merkezi Kahire’nin yanı sıra Suriye bölgesinde Dımaşk ve Halep’te de önemli ilim adamları yetişmiştir. Onlardan biri de Ebû Zer Sıbt İbnü’l-Acemî el-Halebî’dir. Ebû Zer, devrinin pek çok büyük âliminden ders almış ve yaşadığı dönemde ulemânın önde gelenleri arasında yer almıştır. Ebû Zer’in kaleme almış olduğu eserlerin büyük kısmı kayıp olmasına rağmen Künûzü’z-zeheb fî târîhi Haleb adlı eseri kısmen de olsa günümüze ulaşmıştır. Bu makalede öncelikle Ebû Zer’in hayatı ve eserleri, sonra da Künûzü’z-zeheb adlı eseri tarihçiliği ve muhtevâsı açısından incelenmektedir. Birinci cildi hıtat, ikinci cildi havâdis ve vefeyât ağırlıklı olan, Memlük tarih yazıcılığında önemli unsulardan nukât, evâil, el-‘acâib ve’l-garâib gibi unsurların hepsini yoğun bir şekilde görmenin mümkün olduğu bu eser, genel hatlarıyla önceki tarihçiler örnek alınmış olsa da bazı yönleriyle Memlükler dönemi öncü tarihçileri ve Halep tarihçilerinin eserlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Müellifinin kendi dönemine dair verdiği bilgilerin şahsî gözlemlerine dayanması hasebiyle bilhassa önemli olan bu eser, hem Memlükler dönemi Halep’inin siyasî, idarî, sosyal ve kültürel durumu hem de Ortaçağ tarih araştırmaları için kıymetlidir.
Memî Cân Saruhânî’nin (ö.1008/ 1599-1600) Lübbü’l-Usûl Fî Ma’rifeti’t-Tarîki’l-Vüsûl Adlı Eserinde Şerîat-Tarîkat-Hakîkat Kavramları
Authors: Arslan Sevim
Published: June 2021

Lübbü’l-Usûl fî Mâ‘rifeti’t-Tarîki’l-Vüsûl, Şeyh Hasan Hüsameddin Uşşâkî’nin halifelerinden Şeyh Memî Cân Saruhânî’ye (ö.1008/1599-1600) ait Türkçe tasavvufî bir eserdir. Eserin girizgâhında Peygamber Muhammed (sav)’ın sülûk-i mi’râc ederken kendi hakîkatine yaptığı yolculuktan bahsedilmektedir. Daha sonra başta sahâbe olmak üzere insanların sülûk-i mi’râclarına değinilmektedir. Kitabın ilerleyen aşamalarında “Hakîkat-ı Muhammediyye”, zikir, tevhid gibi tasavvuf kavramlarına yer verilirken son bölümünde şerîat, tarîkat ve hakîkat kavramları teferruatlı bir şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Tasavvufta sıklıkla kullanılan “nihâyeti bidâyetinde dürülüdür” ifadesi, bu eserde tam olarak karşılığını bulmuştur. Zira bu üç kavram, eserin başlangıcında mücmel olarak bahsedilen hakîkate doğru yolculukta nasıl bir yol izleneceğini ayrıntılı biçimde gösterir. Başka bir deyişle şerîat-tarîkat-hakîkat kavramlarının ifade ettiği mana katmanları idrak edilip yaşantıya geçirildiğinde sâlikin sülûk-i mi’râcının ancak o zaman gerçekleşebileceği ifade edilir. Bu çalışmamızın amacı, Osmanlı dönemine ait mezkûr yazma eserde yer alan bu üç kavrama dair müellifin görüşlerini değerlendirerek gün yüzüne çıkarmaktır.
Management of Regional Imbalances in the Russian Mortgage Market Using the Principal Components Method
Authors: KOROSTELEVA Tatyana S. , TSELIN Vladimir Y.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the topic of sustainable development of mortgage instruments in the context of pronounced imbalances in regional development. The analysis was carried out on the example of 85 regional markets of Russia, heterogeneous in terms of the degree of development of mortgage mechanisms in their own territories.
LA DISTRIBUCIÓN SOCIO-TERRITORIAL DE LAS FUENTES DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA POTABLE EN EL ESTADO Y MUNICIPIO DE TLAXCALA, MÉXICO 2010-2020
Authors: Vázquez Jiménez Sinai , López Zamora Rafael de Jesús
Published: June 2021

El crecimiento de la población y de las actividades económicas en los últimos años ha traído problemas socio-territoriales en la distribución, disponibilidad y demanda del agua de uso urbano; por lo que a pesar de considerar la normatividad vigente, los datos de la Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA), de la Comisión de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado del Municipio de Tlaxcala (CAPAM) y de los comités locales, muestran que aún sigue existiendo un sector de población vulnerable que no cuenta con un servicio eficiente y justo, por ello, el presente tiene como objetivo investigar cómo se da la distribución de la oferta y la disponibilidad del agua potable respecto a la distribución social de la demanda en el territorio del Estado y en particular en el municipio de Tlaxcala. Para ello se destaca la importancia y el papel de la distribución socio-territorial de las fuentes de abastecimiento y almacenamiento de agua potable (pozos profundos y tanques de almacenamiento) en la prestación de los Servicios de Agua Potable, Alcantarillado y Saneamiento (SAPAS), a través de la georreferenciación ligada a la variable población y desde la proximidad, calculada con el Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) mediante el programa QGIS, [EG1] [SVJ2] lo que dio como resultado y llevo a la conclusión final de que la planeación hidráulica urbana debe considerar el aumento y comportamiento de la población como variable clave en la distribución socio-territorial de los SAPAS para lograr coberturas menos desiguales, más justas y más eficientes respecto a la demanda social de aquellos servicios.
Secular and orbital-scale variability of equatorial Indian Ocean summer monsoon winds during the late Miocene
Authors: Bolton Clara T. , Gray Emmeline , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann E. , Lübbers Julia , Grant Katharine , Tachikawa Kazuyo , Marino Gianluca , Rohling Eelco J. , Sarr Anta-Clarisse , Andersen Nils
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In the modern northern Indian Ocean, biological productivity is intimately linked to near-surface oceanographic dynamics forced by the South Asian, or Indian, monsoon. In the late Pleistocene, this strong seasonal signal is transferred to the sedimentary record as strong variance in the precession band (19–23 kyr) because precession dominates low-latitude insolation variations and drives seasonal contrast in oceanographic conditions. In addition, internal climate system feedbacks (e.g. ice-sheet albedo, carbon cycle, topography) play a key role in monsoon variability. Little is known about orbital-scale variability of the monsoon in the pre-Pleistocene, when atmospheric CO2 levels and global temperatures were higher. In addition, many questions remain open regarding the timing of the initiation and intensification of the South Asian monsoon during the Miocene, an interval of significant global climate change that culminated in bipolar glaciation. Here, we present new high-resolution (< 1 kyr) records of export productivity and sediment accumulation from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443 in the southernmost Bay of Bengal spanning the late Miocene and earliest Pliocene (9 to 5 million years ago). Underpinned by a new orbitally-tuned benthic isotope stratigraphy, we use X-Ray Fluorescence-derived biogenic barium variations to discern productivity trends and rhythms. Our data show strong eccentricity-modulated precession-band productivity variations throughout the late Miocene, interpreted to reflect insolation forcing of summer monsoon wind strength in the equatorial Indian Ocean. On long timescales, our data support the interpretation that South Asian monsoon winds were already established by 9 Ma, with no apparent intensification over the late Miocene.
Redistribution process of precipitation in ecological restoration activity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Mu Us Sandy Land, China
Authors: Cheng Yiben , Zhan Hongbin , Yang Wenbin , Wang Yunqi , Jiang Qunou , Wang Bin
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Precipitation was the most important water resource in semi-arid regions of China. The redistribution of precipitation among atmospheric water, soil water and groundwater are related to the land surface ecological system sustainability. The study took widely replanted Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PSM) in Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) as a research object and monitored precipitation, soil moisture, sap flow, and deep soil recharge (DSR) to find out moisture distribution in shallow soil layer. Results showed that the restoration process of PSM in MUSL changed the distribution of precipitation. Precipitation was intercepted in shallow soil, evapotranspiration increased, and DSR significantly decreased, resulting in up to 466.94 mm of precipitation returning to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration in 2016. Vegetation increased soil water storage (SWS) capacity, with maximum SWS in PSM plot and bare sandy land (BSL) being 260 mm and 197 mm per unit horizontal area, respectively in 2016. DSR decreased from 54.03 % of precipitation in BSL to 0.2 % of precipitation in PSM in 2016. Infiltration was not only intercepted by PSM ecosystem, resulting in a time lag, but was also affected by soil temperature, and the infiltration rate in the BSL plot was 11 times of that in the PSM plot from August to September in an annual base. SWS decreased 16 mm and 7.58 mm per unit horizontal area over a one-year period (from March to October) in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The PSM annual sap flow was maintained at a relatively constant level of 153.98 mm/yr. This study helps understand the role of precipitation-induced groundwater recharge in the process of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions and explains the possible causes of PSM forest degradation. It is necessary to reduce PSM density to allow adaptation to extreme drought in the future.
Diagnostic evaluation of river discharge into the Arctic Ocean and its impact on oceanic volume transports
Authors: Winkelbauer Susanna , Mayer Michael , Seitner Vanessa , Zsoter Ervin , Zuo Hao , Haimberger Leopold
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study analyses river discharge into the Arctic Ocean using state-of-the-art reanalyses such as the fifth-generation European Reanalysis (ERA5) and the reanalysis component from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). GloFAS, in it’s operational version 2.1, combines the land surface model Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land, HTESSEL) from ECMWF’s ERA5 with a hydrological and channel routing model (LISFLOOD). Further we analyse GloFAS most recent version 3.1, which is not coupled to HTESSEL but uses the full configuration of LISFLOOD. Seasonal cycles, as well as annual runoff trends are analysed for the major Arctic watersheds – Yenisei, Ob, Lena and Mackenzie – where reanalysis-based runoff can be compared to available observed river discharge records. Further we calculate river discharge over the whole Pan-Arctic region and, by combination with atmospheric inputs, storage changes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and oceanic volume transports from ocean reanalyses, try to close the non-steric water volume budget. Finally we provide best estimates for every budget equation term using a variational adjustment scheme. Seasonal river discharge peaks are underestimated in ERA5 and GloFAS v2.1 by up to 50 %, caused by pronounced declining trends due to spurious signals in ERA5s data assimilation system. The new GloFAS v3.1 product exhibits distinct improvements and performs best in terms of seasonality and long term means, however opposing to gauge observations it also features declining trends. Calculating runoff indirectly through the divergence of moisture flux is the only reanalyses based estimate that is able to reproduce the river discharge increases measured by gauge observations (Pan-Arctic increase of 2 % per decade). In addition we look into Greenlandic discharge, which makes out about 10 % of of the total Pan-Arctic discharge and features strong increases mainly due to glacial melting. The variational adjustment brought reliable estimates of the volume budget terms on an annual scale, requiring only moderate adjustments of less than 1 % for each individual term. Approximately 6584 ± 84 km3 freshwater leave the Arctic Ocean per year through it’s boundaries. About two thirds of this are recovered through runoff from the surrounding land areas to the Arctic Ocean (4379 ± 25 km3 per year) and about one third is supplied by the atmosphere. On a seasonal scale however the variational approach demonstrated that there are systematical errors present in the data-sets, that are not considered in their uncertainty estimation. Hence the budget residuals of some month were too large to be eliminated within the a priori spreads of the individual terms.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN 3D RECONSTRUCTION USING NERF NEURAL NETWORKS AND MVS ALGORITHMS ON CULTURAL HERITAGE IMAGES
Authors: Condorelli F. , Rinaudo F. , Salvadore F. , Tagliaventi S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this research, an innovative comparison between 3D reconstructions obtained by means of Artificial Intelligence, in particular NeRF Neural Networks, and by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View-Stereo (MVS) open-source algorithms is proposed. The 3D reconstruction comparison is performed on two test cases, one of cultural interest, one useful only for technical discussion. It is known that the approaches are traditionally used with different objectives and in different contexts but they can however also be used with similar purpose, i.e., 3D reconstruction. In particular, we were interested in evaluating how NeRF reconstructions are accurate from a metric point of view and how the models obtained from the application of NeRF differ from the model obtained from the classical photogrammetry. By analyzing the results in the considered test cases, we show how NeRF networks, although computationally demanding, can be an interesting alternative or complementary methodology, especially in cases where classical photogrammetric techniques do not allow satisfactory results to be achieved. It is therefore suggested to expand efforts in this direction by exploiting, for example, the numerous improvement proposals of the original NeRF network.
DIGITAL TWIN AND 3D DOCUMENTATION OF A THEBAN TOMB AT DEIR AL-MEDINA (EGYPT) USING A MULTI-LENSES PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: Mandelli A. , Gobeil C. , Greco C. , Rossi C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper describes the methodology employed in 2020 to perform the 3D survey of the Tomb TT214 at Deir al-Medina (Egypt). The aim of the archaeological mission was to integrate the evidence collected in the past on this tomb with a fresh survey a detailed study of some of its elements and an evaluation of its needs in terms of conservation. In order to achieve this result, the collapse that blocked the entrance to the burial chamber had to be removed, the courtyard was cleared, and the decorated walls and blocks were inspected and surveyed. Digital imaging was used to document all these phases and portions of the work. The aim of the survey team was to identify the most efficient combination of tools and methods to be used during these logistically complex operations, during which it was necessary to coordinate the work of various specialists and of the workmen, as well as to negotiate with the environmental difficulties and constrains. The survey was conducted at two scales, one for the architecture of the funerary complex and one for minute details such as inscriptions and decorations. Beside the routine process, both sets of data underwent a further level of elaboration, in order to extract and highlight further information. The final result of the survey was a navigable 3D model able to produce different outputs, all designed to support the archaeologists on the field and during the post-fieldwork phase of the elaboration of the results. The elaboration of such an integrated model may be paired to the progressive construction of a Digital Twin, a term born from the manufacturing and industrial realm but that may be successfully exported into the archaeological realm.
WATER TURBIDITY ESTIMATION FROM LIDAR BATHYMETRY DATA BY FULL-WAVEFORM ANALYSIS – COMPARISON OF TWO APPROACHES
Authors: Richter K. , Mader D. , Westfeld P. , Maas H.-G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Airborne LiDAR bathymetry is an efficient technique for surveying the bottom of shallow waters. In addition, the measurement data contain valuable information about the local turbidity conditions in the water body. The extraction of this information requires appropriate evaluation methods examining the decay of the recorded waveform signal. Existing approaches are based on several assumptions concerning the influence of the ALB system on the waveform signal, the extraction of the volume backscatter, and the directional independence of turbidity. The paper presents a novel approach that overcomes the existing limitations using two alternative turbidity estimation methods as well as different variants of further processed full-waveform data. For validation purposes, the approach was applied to a data set of a shallow inland water. The results of the quantitative evaluation show, which method and which data basis is best suited for the derivation of area wide water turbidity information.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO REGISTER MULTI-PLATFORM POINT CLOUDS FOR ROCKFALL MONITORING
Authors: Bolkas D. , Walton G. , Kromer R. , Sichler T. , Weidner L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Point cloud produced from technologies such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry (terrestrial and aerial) are widely used in rockfall monitoring applications due to the wealth of data they provide. In such applications, the acquisition and registration of multi-epoch point clouds is necessary. In addition, point clouds can be derived from different sensors (e.g., lasers versus digital cameras) and different platforms (terrestrial versus aerial). Therefore, registration methods should be able to support multi-platform datasets. Currently, registration of multi-platform datasets is done with manual intervention, and automatic registration is difficult. While registration of TLS point clouds can be achieved by targets that are not on the rock surface, this is not the case for photogrammetric methods, as ground control points (GCPs) should be located on the rock surface. Such GCPs can be lost or destroyed with time, and re-establishing them is difficult. Automated registration often relies on feature-based algorithms with refinement using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. This paper presents a novel registration approach of multi-epoch and multi-platform point clouds to support rockfall monitoring applications. The registration method is based on edges that are detected in the different datasets using α-molecules. The paper shows application examples of the novel approach at different rock slopes in Colorado. Results demonstrate that the developed method in many cases performs better than the well-known ICP method and can be used to register point clouds and support rockfall monitoring.
GNSS AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY BY THE SAME TOOL: A FIRST EVALUATION OF THE LEICA GS18I RECEIVER
Authors: Casella V. , Franzini M. , Manzino A. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Leica Geosystems recently introduced a multi-constellation GNSS sensor named GS18i. It is capable to perform tilt compensation and has an integrated photogrammetric camera, allowing the users to measure inaccessible features: this is called visual positioning. The Laboratory of Geomatics, at the University of Pavia – Italy, performed a first evaluation of the rover. Five accessible points were measured repeatedly with the pole having different tilt angles; measurements’ total number was 2077. After moderate blunder detection, RMSE values are 12, 10 and 18 mm, for the East, North and height components.Measurement quality is substantially independent from the pole’s tilt angle. Moreover, ten points belonging to a building’s façade were repeatedly measured by photogrammetry, through the integrated camera, from distances in the range between 4 and 12 meters. In total, 1436 measurements were acquired. After blunder detection, RMSE values are 45, 25 and 66 mm, for the x, y and z components of a local cartesian system. Measurement quality mildly depend on the object-camera distance. Despite a good overall accuracy, results show some surprising aspects: the high ratio between the planimetric component x and y, the counterintuitive behaviour of the y dispersion, which decreases when the distance increases. While the present paper aims at simply being a first evaluation of the rover, next activities will deal with rigorous and controlled photogrammetric processing of the images and will also include simulations, in order to ascertain the role played by the various error sources involved.