bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Logics of Sedition: Re-signifying Insurgent Labour in Bangladesh’s Garment Factories
Authors: Siddiqi Dina M.
Published: March 2021

I draw on the Tuba hunger strike of 2014, which took place in the shadow of the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the preceding year, to think through questions of collective action in relation to shifting figurations of labour in moments of crisis. I ask how state, capital and (I)NGO priorities shape or re-signify dominant narratives of labour insurgency under supply chain capitalism (Tsing, 2009). I trace conditions that enable the invocation of (highly contextualized) non-work tropes as a strategy for controlling or reframing labour struggles; I am particularly interested in the emergence of the figure of the anti-nationalist or outside agitator and the work of sedition narratives in constructing borders between legitimate and illegal forms of labour mobilization. I show how the highly contingent global assemblages that emerge bear directly on the prospects for organizing (what remains of) the ‘formally’ employed industrial workforce in the global garment sector, holding lessons for other spaces and places.
Gender, Resources, and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Egypt Before and After the Arab Spring
Authors: Abouelenin Mariam
Published: March 2021

This study draws on resource and feminist theories to empirically test the influence of women’s resources and gender performance on psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in Egypt. Having applied two-stage least squares regressions to nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Survey ( N = 11,319), the results show that women’s education and employment reduce their risk of physical IPV and that the effect of women’s employment on IPV is moderated by their spouses’ employment, with the lowest risk of physical IPV observed among employed women with unemployed or blue-collar spouses. Women’s employment and relative education were not associated with the risk of psychological IPV. While education and employment remain among the strongest deterrents of physical IPV, there was no moderation effect found before or after the Arab Spring for psychological and physical IPV.
Implementing Intergenerational Best Practices in Community-Based Settings: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Juckett Lisa A. , Jarrott Shannon E. , Naar Jill Juris , Scrivano Rachel M. , Bunger Alicia C.
Published: March 2021

Evidence-based intergenerational (IG) programs bring youth and older adults together in shared activities and promote socioemotional health across age-groups. The core components of these IG programs include 14 IG “best practices” that should be implemented during IG program sessions to optimize program effectiveness for both youth and older adult participants. Despite the proliferation of IG programs across the United States, it is unclear the extent to which these IG best practices have been implemented in the community. This preliminary study assesses the implementation of IG best practices at two community-based sites by program leaders who participated in a multifaceted professional education intervention for IG best practice use. Implementation of best practices was measured through the Best Practices Checklist completed by program leaders and trained coders as well as through narrative written comments. Program leaders indicated that they were able to consistently implement six out of the 14 IG best practices in 46 IG sessions, whereas the best practice named “Adaptations to equipment were made” was least likely to be implemented. Analysis of narrative comments indicated that (a) the group arrangement of participants and (b) program leaders’ familiarity with activities also influenced implementation. While many IG best practices can be implemented in the community, some best practices can be implemented with greater ease and consistency. Training resources can support IG best practice implementation; however, our multifaceted professional education intervention may benefit from the addition of case examples or vignettes to depict potential strategies for optimizing evidence-based IG practices.
Non-thermal plasma application enhances the recovery of transected sciatic nerves in rats
Authors: Lee Sung-Tak , Jang Yoon-Seo , Kim Uk-Kyu , Kim Hyung-Joon , Ryu Mi-Heon , Kim Gyoo-Cheon , Hwang Dae-Seok
Published: March 2021

This experimental research aimed to investigate the effects of non-thermal plasma on nerve regeneration after transected nerve damage using the sciatic nerve in Wistar albino (A) rats. The experiments were performed on 27 Wistar A rats. The rats underwent surgery for right sciatic nerve exposure and were divided into three groups (each group, n = 9) according to sciatic nerve transected injury (SNTI) and non-thermal plasma application: a non-nerve damage (non-ND) group, a only nerve damage without non-thermal plasma application (ND) group, and a nerve damage with non-thermal plasma application (ND + NTP) group. Subsequent to SNTI and immediate suture, non-thermal plasma was administered three times per week for eight weeks. Evaluation for functional recovery was performed using the static sciatic index measured over the full treatment period of eight weeks. The sciatic nerve specimens were obtained after euthanasia and third day from the last non-thermal plasma application. The sciatic nerve tissues were subjected to histological analysis. Behavior analysis presented that the ND + NTP group showed improved static sciatic index compared with the nerve damage group. Histopathological findings demonstrated that the ND + NTP group had more dense Schwann cells and well-established continuity of nerve fibers, greater than the nerve damage group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the ND + NTP group had increased levels of markers for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), tau, S100 calcium-binding protein B, and neurofilament-200 and regulated the overexpression of CD68 and MAP2. These results indicated that non-thermal plasma enhanced the motor function and restored the neuronal structure by accelerating myelination and axonal regeneration. Additionally, non-thermal plasma was confirmed to have a positive effect on the recovery of SNTI in rats.
A Unique Way to Analyze the Realities of Health Workers Within A Hermeneutic-Dialectic Perspective
Authors: Marques Fernanda Pasquetti , Pinto Ione Carvalho , De Marchi Renato José , Meneghel Stela Nazareth , Bulgarelli Alexandre Favero
Published: March 2021

We propose an original method of analysis within a hermeneutic-dialectic framework theoretically supported by the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, Bertell Ollman, and Maria Cecilia Minayo. We draw a unique means of analysis to guide an understanding of the labor realities for health workers who care for older adults. This method of analysis proposes a way to create consensual opinions, question this consensus and then put these aspects in a dialogical encounter with the qualitative researcher and interpreter. We illustrate the application of this methodological process using dialogical conversations and narrative interviews with 12 health workers from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). The hermeneutic-dialectic process of interpretation involves us in movements of comprehension, which allows us to understand realities including the actual sad situation of some territories, creating possibilities for home health care, the integrality of attention as a tool for providing home assistance in the primary care field, and the necessity of a set of services to provide an organizational routine for home visits to older people. This methodological analysis has the potentiality to help develop other research on similar topics. The results illustrate that good home care for older adults requires effective articulation between compassionate workers and public health agencies.
Specialty Space: Breast Care Centers
Authors: Guevara Diane
Published: March 2021

As background, breast care centers around the world vary in interior design based on geographical location and the trends of the healthcare design process at the time of construction. However, at the forefront of healthcare interior design is the evidence-based design (EBD) process and the Universal Design (UD) guidelines. The Center for Health Design states that the EBD process differs from the linear design process, in that EBD uses relevant evidence to educate and guide the design decisions. The objective of this study was to support future EBD and UD use in the development of patient areas in breast care center interior design. The methods for this study incorporated an extensive review of the literature, examples of eight breast care centers around the world, observations, an interview, and a staff survey concerning the interior design of a local breast care center. The results revealed that using the EBD process and UD, to develop guidelines for patient areas in breast care centers’ interior design, directors could use guidelines to evaluate existing breast care centers or preconstruction for new breast care centers. This study concluded with design guidelines for patient areas in breast care center interior design. The recommended guidelines targeted the following features: robes (vs. hospital gowns), spa-like atmosphere, monochromatic color scheme, use of wood and stone, private check-in areas, wayfinding, room temperature comfort, seating comfort, seating style choices including bariatric, personal items storage, access to natural light, indirect artificial lighting, living plants, views of nature, flooring comfort, and wheelchair accessibility.
A Phenomenological Study of Early Career School Counselor Clinical Supervision Experiences
Authors: Bledsoe Kenya G. , Burnham Joy J. , Cook Ryan M. , Clark Madeline , Webb Alan L.
Published: March 2021

Researchers conducted a qualitative, phenomenological investigation of the clinical supervision experiences of nine early career school counselors using semi-structured interviews. Researchers discovered six themes and related subthemes regarding clinical supervision experiences, including (a) challenges, (b) support, (c) knowledge, (d) self-efficacy, (e) improved professional identity, and (f) improved counseling services. Implications for school counselors, counseling supervisors, and counselor educators are discussed.
Employment Flow of College Graduates in China: City Preference and Group Difference
Authors: Guohua Zeng , Yuelong Hu , Wenwen Wu , Mensah Isaac Kofi
Published: March 2021

The outflow of college graduates will damage the accumulation of regional human capital and affect regional economic and social development. This article uses the administrative data of the employment monitoring system for college graduates in a province in central China in 2018 and establishes a multivariate logit model based on the Todaro model, opportunity inequality theory, and the relative poverty hypothesis to analyze first employment place preferences and group differences of college graduates. The study found that college graduates tend to peer flow (returning to urban employment at the same level as the city of origin), and family background will promote peer flow. Also, graduates are more willing to work in large and medium cities with higher economic levels, and this employment ratio shows obvious differences in majors, college types, gender, and educational levels. Finally, college graduates from relatively low family status are more likely to experience upward or downward flow.
Can geotechnical liquefaction indices serve as predictors of foundation settlement?
Authors: Bullock Zach , Dashti Shideh , Liel Abbie B , Porter Keith A
Published: March 2021

Geotechnical liquefaction indices, such as the liquefaction potential index, are commonly used as proxies for the risk of liquefaction-induced damage at site or regional scales. However, these indices were developed based on surficial manifestations of soil liquefaction in the free field, and, as such, they have been shown to correlate better with land damage than foundation damage. This study evaluates the ability of three geotechnical liquefaction indices to predict foundation settlement on liquefiable soils, as compared to both conventional ground motion intensity measures (IMs) and the term for site and ground motion effects in a probabilistic model specifically developed for foundation settlement. A new metric for the predictive ability of these measures, skill, is proposed to quantify the total uncertainty in settlement predictions using a given measure. The Ishihara-inspired liquefaction potential index is found to be the optimum index, and cumulative absolute velocity [Formula: see text] as predicted on outcropping rock is found to be the optimum IM. However, although both measures are regionally applicable, neither outperforms the site term from the probabilistic settlement model, which was developed using the same numerical database used in this study.
Ontology, archetypes and the definition of ‘mineral species’
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Mills Stuart J. , Hatert Frédéric , Rumsey Mike S.
Published: March 2021

Ontologydeals with questions concerning what things exist, and how such things may be associated according to similarities and differences and related within a hierarchy. Ontology provides a rigorous way to develop a general definition of a mineral species. Properties may be divided into two principal groups: anintrinsic propertyis characteristic of the object and is independent of anything else; anextrinsic propertydepends on the relation between the object and other things. Auniversalis an entity that is common to all objects in a set. Here the objects are mineral samples, each entity is a specific property of these minerals, and the set of objects is all mineral samples of that mineral species. The key intrinsic properties of a mineral species are its name, its end-member formula andZ(the number of formula units in the unit cell), its space group and the bond topology of the end-member structure. These are also universals as they are common to all mineral samples belonging to that mineral species. An archetype is a pure form which embodies the fundamental characteristics of an object. Thus the archetype of a mineral species embodies the above set of universals. Real mineral samples of this mineral species are imperfect copies of that archetype, with a range of chemical composition defined by the boundaries between end-member formulae of this and other end members of the same bond topology. The result is a formal definition of a mineral species: A specific mineral species is the set of imperfect copies of the corresponding archetype and is defined by the following set of universals: name, end-member formula andZ, space group, and bond topology of the end-member structure, with the range of chemical composition limited by the compositional boundaries between end members with the same bond topology.
Maternal 17q21 genotype influences prenatal vitamin D effects on offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze
Authors: Knihtilä Hanna M. , Kelly Rachel S. , Brustad Nicklas , Huang Mengna , Kachroo Priyadarshini , Chawes Bo L. , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Pedersen Casper-Emil T. , Bisgaard Hans , Litonjua Augusto A. , Lasky-Su Jessica A. , Weiss Scott T.
Published: March 2021

Background

Prenatal vitamin D3supplementation has been linked to reduced risk of early-life asthma/recurrent wheeze. This protective effect appears to be influenced by variations in the 17q21 functional single nucleotide polymorphism rs12936231 of the child, which regulates the expression ofORMDL3(ORM1-like 3) and for which the high-risk CC genotype is associated with early-onset asthma. However, this does not fully explain the differential effects of supplementation. We investigated the influence of maternal rs12936231 genotype variation on the protective effect of prenatal vitamin D3supplementation against offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze.

Methods

We determined the rs12936231 genotype of mother–child pairs from two randomised controlled trials: the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART, n=613) and the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010, n=563), to examine the effect of maternal genotype variation on offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze at age 0–3 years between groups who received high-dose prenatal vitamin D3supplementationversusplacebo.

Results

Offspring of mothers with the low-risk GG or GC genotype who received high-dose vitamin D3supplementation had a significantly reduced risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze when compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.77; p<0.001 for VDAART and HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.92; p=0.021 for COPSAC2010), whereas no difference was observed among the offspring of mothers with the high-risk CC genotype (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.61–1.84; p=0.853 for VDAART and HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.54–2.28; p=0.785 for COPSAC2010).

Conclusion

Maternal 17q21 genotype has an important influence on the protective effects of prenatal vitamin D3supplementation against offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose intravenous arsenic trioxide in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label phase IIa trial (Lupsenic)
Authors: Hamidou Mohamed , Néel Antoine , Poupon Joel , Amoura Zahir , Ebbo Mikael , Sibilia Jean , Viallard Jean-Francois , Gaborit Benjamin , Volteau Christelle , Hardouin Jean Benoit , Hachulla Eric , Rieger François
Published: March 2021

Background

Lupus animal model has shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, could be effective in SLE. This is the first clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of intravenous ATO in patients with active SLE.

Methods

This phase IIa, open-label, dose-escalating study enrolled 11 adult SLE patients with a non-organ threatening disease, clinically active despite conventional therapy. Patients received 10 IV infusions of ATO within 24 days. The first group received 0.10 mg/kg per injection, with dose-escalating to 0.15 mg/kg in a second group, and to 0.20 mg/kg in a third group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and secondary endpoints were the number of SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) responders at week 24 and reduction of corticosteroid dosage. In an exploratory analysis, we collected long-term data for safety and attainment of lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS).

Results

Four serious AEs occurred (grade 3 neutropenia, osteitis, neuropathy), 2 of which were attributable to ATO (neutropenia in the 2 patients treated with mycophenolate). Two patients suffered a severe flare during the last 4 weeks of the trial. At W24, five patients among 10 were SRI-4 responders. Overall, mean corticosteroid dosage decreased from 11.25 mg/day at baseline to 6 mg/day at W24 (P < 0.01). In the long term, 6 patients attained LLDAS at W52, which continued at last follow-up (median LLDAS duration 3 years, range 2–4).

Conclusions

A short course of ATO has an acceptable safety profile in SLE patients and encouraging efficacy.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01738360 registered 30 November 2012
Structure‐based identification of dual ligands at the A2AR and PDE10A with anti‐proliferative effects in lung cancer cell‐lines
Authors: Kalash Leen , Winfield Ian , Safitri Dewi , Bermudez Marcel , Carvalho Sabrina , Glen Robert , Ladds Graham , Bender Andreas
Published: March 2021

Enhanced/prolonged cAMP signalling has been suggested as a suppressor of cancer proliferation. Interestingly, two key modulators that elevate cAMP, the A2A receptor (A2AR) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), are differentially co-expressed in various types of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-lines. Thus, finding dual-target compounds, which are simultaneously agonists at the A2AR whilst also inhibiting PDE10A, could be a novel anti-proliferative approach. Using ligand- and structure-based modelling combined with MD simulations (which identified Val84 displacement as a novel conformational descriptor of A2AR activation), a series of known PDE10A inhibitors were shown to dock to the orthosteric site of the A2AR. Subsequent in-vitro analysis confirmed that these compounds bind to the A2AR and exhibit dual-activity at both the A2AR and PDE10A. Furthermore, many of the compounds exhibited promising anti-proliferative effects upon NSCLC cell-lines, which directly correlated with the expression of both PDE10A and the A2AR. Thus, we propose a structure-based methodology, which has been validated in in-vitro binding and functional assays, and demonstrated a promising therapeutic value.
Effect of passivator DHJ-C on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Brassica napus in Cd-contaminated soil
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Qian , Wan Yunbao , Cao Chenxi , Bai Jiuyuan , Wang Rui , Zhao Yun
Published: March 2021

The farmland polluted by cadmium is increasing drastically, which seriously threatened agricultural production and food safety. Nowadays, efficient and convenient way to solve the problem is urgently needed. In this experiment, a particular compound passivator DHJ-C was applied for soil remediation by pot experiment and the effect on both soil and plant was evaluated. The DHJ-C reduced the toxicity of Cd on soil enzyme activity and growth inhibition on Brassica napus. The soil urease and sucrase activity were significantly increased. The dry weight of mature oilseed rape increased by 14.6–36.0% and the yield of seeds increased by 14.1–52% per plant, which suggested that the passivator effectively reduced the detrimental effects on rape. Similarly, the results of physiology and biochemistry also indicated that DHJ-C can distinctly alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd on plant growth. Such as the MDA content in plant was reduced by 52.1% in 10 mg/kg Cd treatment. Compared with control, Cd accumulation in seedling stage and mature period was significantly reduced as the concentration of Cd in aboveground part even decreased by 18.4 and 32.0% respectively. Overall, DHJ-C hold sufficient ability to be applied as an excellent passivator to reduce Cd toxicity in contaminated soil and significantly increase the yield of rapeseed.
Evaluation of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF) model for space weather applications in the South America Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Chen Sony Su , Denardini Clezio Marcos , Resende Láysa Cristina Araujo , Chagas Ronan Arraes Jardim , Moro Juliano , da Silva Régia Pereira , do Carmo Carolina de Sousa , Picanço Giorgio Arlan da Silva
Published: March 2021

In the present work, we evaluate the accuracy of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF) model for estimating and predicting the geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) daily field variation in the South America Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) region. This model is based on the data set of fluxgate magnetometers from 12 magnetic stations of the Embrace Magnetometer Network (Embrace MagNet) from 2010 to 2018. The model predicts the monthly average horizontal field of the geomagnetic quiet (Sq-H) daily variation solving a set of equations for the specified geographic coordinates in terms of the solar cycle activity, the day of the year, and the universal time. We carried out two comparisons between the prediction and observational data of the Sq-H field. The first part attempts to evaluate the accuracy for estimating the Sq-H field over Medianeira (MED, 25.30° S, 54.11° W, dip angle: − 33.45°) by using linear interpolation on the SQRF coefficients and comparing it with the data collected from April to December in 2018. None of the datasets collected at MED is part of the dataset used to build the SQRF model. The second part of the analysis attempts to evaluate the accuracy for predicting the quiet daily field variation over Cachoeira Paulista (CXP, 22.70° S, 45.01° W, dip angle: − 38.48°). The dataset collected at CXP before the period analyzed in the present work is part of the dataset used to build the SQRF model. Thus, the prediction accuracy is tested using magnetic data outside the time interval considered in the model. The prediction results for both locations show that this empirical model’s outputs present a good agreement with the Sq-H field obtained from the ground-based magnetometer measurements. The accuracy of the SQRF model (high correlation, r > 0.9) indicates a high potential for estimating and predicting geomagnetic quiet daily field variation. Concerning space weather applications, the model improves the scientific insight and capability of space weather prediction centers to predict the variability of the regular solar quiet field variation as reference conditions, which may include areas with no measurements.
Across-fault ground motions and their effects on some bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake
Authors: Lin Yuanzheng , Zong Zhouhong , Lin Jin , Li Yale , Chen Yiyan
Published: March 2021

Simply-supported bridges are vulnerable to surface fault rupture as evidenced by several fault-crossing bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. To investigate the seismic collapse mechanism of simply-supported bridges crossing the fault, across-fault ground motions are firstly simulated in the present study. In particular, based on a previously developed fault model of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, broadband across-fault ground motions at six fault-crossing bridges are simulated using the hybrid deterministic-stochastic method, in which the low- and high-frequency components are computed using the deterministic Green’s function method and the stochastic finite-fault modeling method, respectively. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid deterministic-stochastic method can give reasonable predictions to the across-fault ground motions. Furthermore, utilizing the explicit dynamic finite element (FE) code LS-DYNA, behaviors of a three-span simply-supported bridge under a selected pair of across-fault ground motions are numerically simulated. Numerical results indicate that the structural responses and collapse mechanisms are dominated by the low-frequency ground motions. The large differential static offset across the fault is the main reason for the collapse of the simply-supported bridges. This study contributes understandings for the across-fault ground motions and the collapse mechanism of some bridges in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.
Bottled water brands are contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Adam Mohamed Safia , Nyerere Andrew , Sang Willie Kipkemboi , Ngayo Musa
Published: March 2021

Background: The demand for drinking water has necessitated the proliferation of bottled water companies in Kenya. This study evaluated if retailed bottled water in Nairobi Kenya complies with both local and international reference criteria.

Methods: A total of 42 different water brands (25 approved by Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) and 17 banned brands) were analyzed for both physicochemical and bacteriological quality. The spread plate method was used to obtain the total plate count of bacteria, while the membrane filter method was used to obtain total coliform count (TCC) and fecal coliform count (FCC). Structured interviews were used to gather company-related information.

Results: Overall, 16% of KRA-approved and 35.3% of banned bottled water were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Of the approved water brands, 4% were positive for total coliforms, compared with 17% of the banned brands.  Similarly, 4% and 17% approved and banned water brands were positive for fecal coliforms, respectively. Escherichia coli (19.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (9.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (4.8%) were the most common bacterial types isolated from all water brands, most of which exhibited multidrug resistance. In multivariable analysis, water companies that cleaned pipework and bottles using chlorine-based disinfectants (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.8), those that had food safety programs (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.9), had standard operating procedures (SOP) for water sourcing (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.9) and SOP for contamination protection (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.9) remained independently associated with bottled water brands exceeding WHO TCC limits.

Conclusions: A number of bottled water brands were contaminated with one or more types of indicator bacteria, some of which were multidrug-resistant. Water bottling companies’ processes contribute to contamination. Rigorous regulation and monitoring will improve water quality and safety.
Medical negligence in healthcare organizations and its impact on patient safety and public health: a bibliometric study
Authors: Dahlawi Saad , Menezes Ritesh G , Khan Mohammad Ajmal , Waris Abu , Saifullah - , Naseer Mirza Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Background: Medical negligence is an increasing public health concern among healthcare providers worldwide as it affects patient safety. It poses a significant risk of patient injury, disease, disability, or death. The WHO has recognized deficiencies in patient safety as a global healthcare issue to be addressed. This study aimed to analyze various components of medical negligence research literature.

Methods: Bibliographic data visualizations tools like Biblioshiny (RStudio) and VOSviewer were used besides MS Excel to examine the types of documents, annual scientific production, top contributing authors and their impact, authorship patterns and collaboration, top contributing countries and organizations, most significant sources of publication, most cited documents, and most frequently used keywords. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze the bibliographic records of research output on medical negligence downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection.

Results: The annual productivity of medical negligence research was increasing gradually. The most productive period for medical negligence research was 2011-2020. Bird contributed the highest number of publications to medical negligence literature while Brennan emerged as the highly cited author. Single-authored publications on medical negligence were not highly cited. The United States was the highest contributing country and the University of South Florida was the highest contributing organization while Harvard University was a highly cited organization. Nine out of the top ten contributing organizations were academic institutions and most of them belonged to the United States. The most important sources of publication on this topic were The Lancet and British Medical Journal. Localio et al. was the most important research article on medical negligence research.

Conclusion: Due to increasing attention on this topic, there was a sharp increase in the research output on medical negligence. This is of significance as the WHO set in motion a patient safety program almost two decades ago.
Cardiopulmonary bypass preparation is mandatory in cardiac exploration for blunt cardiac injury patients: two case reports
Authors: Son Shin-Ah , Cho Joon Yong , Kim Gun-Jik , Lee Young Ok , Jung Hanna , Oh Tak-Hyuk
Published: March 2021

Treating cardiac injuries following blunt trauma to the chest requires thorough examination, accurate diagnosis, and therapeutic plan. We present two cases; pulmonary vein rupture and left atrial appendage laceration, both as a result of blunt chest trauma. Through these cases, our team learned the importance of maintaining hemodynamic stability during the examination of injured cardiac structures. And based on the comprehensive cardiac examination, a decision to surgically intervene with median sternotomy via cardiopulmonary bypass was made, saving lives of the patient. This report introduces how such decision was made based on what supporting evidence and the diagnostic process leading to the initiation of surgical intervention. This report may help with decision-making process when confronted by blunt cardiac injury patients who need cardiac exploration.
Opening up our eyes
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: March 2021

What's considered ‘woke’ to some are very real barriers to care and career progression for others. Julie Bissett makes the case for having those ‘uncomfortable conversations’
A single-minded crusade
Authors: Dawson Jo
Published: March 2021

We hear how dental nurse Jo Dawson changed school snacking policy with her one-woman campaign
Controllable continuous variable quantum state distributor
Authors: Wang Qingwei , Wang Yajun , Sun Xiaocong , Tian Yuhang , Li Wei , Tian Long , Yu Xudong , Zhang Jing , Zheng Yaohui
Published: March 2021

To scale quantum information processing, quantum state distributors are an indispensable technology in quantum networks. We present a universal scheme of a continuous variable quantum state distributor that performs point-to-multipoint distributions via quantum teleportation with partially disembodied transport. The fidelity of the state at the output nodes can be conveniently manipulated as needed by engineering the correlation noise of the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) beam. For a

1
→
2

distributor, controllable distributions were demonstrated by manipulating the squeezing factor of EPR entanglement. The fidelities of the two receivers gradually changed from (2/3, 2/3) to (0.95, 0.17) corresponding to the transition from symmetric to asymmetric quantum cloning.
Broadband noise-like pulse generation at 1  µm via dispersion and nonlinearity management
Authors: Zhou Ji , Li Yuhang , Ma Yaoguang , Yang Qing , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate that optical microfibers integrated in Yb-doped fiber
lasers boost broadband noise-like pulse (NLP) generation via
dispersion and nonlinearity management, with an optical spectrum
spanning from below 1000 nm to beyond 1600 nm when the diameter of the
optical microfiber is 1.2 µm. Numerical simulations show that
dispersion and nonlinearity management provided by the optical
microfiber is responsible for the broadband NLP generation.
Furthermore, it is shown experimentally that dispersion and
nonlinearity management via optical microfibers can also bring the
highest optical rogue waves along with the broadest optical
spectrum.
Two-stage artificial neural network-based burst-subcarrier joint equalization in nonlinear frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ming Hao , Li Chenjia , He Guangqiang , Zhang Fan
Published: March 2021

We propose an artificial neural network (ANN)-based scheme to improve the performance of nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) optical transmission systems in both time and frequency domain. Through two-stage ANN equalization at the receiver side, time-domain distortions between adjacent bursts and frequency-domain cross talk between neighboring subcarriers can be jointly mitigated. Burst ANN and Subcarrier ANN equalizers are characterized and validated by numerical simulations of a dual-polarization NFDM transmission system. Compared with the basic detection scheme, the proposed two-stage ANN achieves a Q-factor gain of 3.01 dB for an NFDM system with 256 Gb/s gross data rate transmitting over 960 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The two-stage ANN approach offers an effective way to jointly equalize the signal in multiple dimensions.
Distributed static and dynamic detection of an acoustic wave in a Brillouin random fiber laser
Authors: Zhou Zichao , Wang Haiyang , Wang Yuan , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: March 2021

The interaction of random laser and gain medium is important to understand the noise origin in random fiber lasers. Here, using the optical time domain reflectometry method, the time-resolved distributed acoustic wave generated by a Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) is characterized. The dynamic property of the acoustic wave reflects the gain dynamics of the BRFL. The principle is based on the polarization-decoupled stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-enhanced four-wave mixing process, where the probe light experiences maximum reflection when the phase match condition is satisfied. Static measurements present exponentially depleted Brillouin gain along the gain medium in the BRFL, indicating the localized random SBS frequency change in the maximum local gain region, which varies with time to contribute random laser noise as revealed in the dynamic measurement. The SBS-induced birefringence change in the Brillouin gain fiber is approximately

10

−
7

to

10

−
6

. The phase noise of the BRFL is observed directly inside the random laser gain medium for the first time via time and spatially varied acoustic wave intensity. By counting the temporal intensity statistical distribution, optical rogue waves are detected near the lasing threshold of the BRFL. Different temporal intensity statistical distribution at high and low gain positions is found, which is caused by the SBS nonlinear transfer function and localized gain. The distributed characterization methods in the paper provide a new platform to study the interaction of random lasers and gain medium, giving us a new perspective to understand the fundamental physics of the random lasing process and its noise property.
A systematic review and meta-analysis for association of Helicobacter pylori colonization and celiac disease
Authors: Amlashi Fazel Isapanah , Norouzi Zahra , Sohrabi Ahmad , Shirzad-Aski Hesamaddin , Norouzi Alireza , Ashkbari Ali , Gilani Naghme , Fatemi Seyed Alireza , Besharat Sima
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives

Based on some previous observational studies, there is a theory that suggests a potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization and celiac disease (CeD); however, the type of this relationship is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore all related primary studies to find any possible association between CeD and human H. pylori colonization.

Data sources

Studies were systematically searched and collected from four databases and different types of gray literature to cover all available evidence. After screening, the quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected articles were evaluated.

Synthesis methods

Meta-analysis calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) on the extracted data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroups, and publication bias analyses were assessed.

Results

Twenty-six studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 6001 cases and 135512 control people. The results of meta-analysis on 26 studies showed a significant and negative association between H. pylori colonization and CeD (pooled OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.45–0.70; P < 0.001), with no publication bias (P = 0.825). The L’Abbé plots also showed a trend of having more H. pylori colonization in the control group. Among subgroups, ORs were notably different only when the data were stratified by continents or risk of bias; however, subgroup analysis could not determine the source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

According to the meta-analysis, this negative association might imply a mild protective role of H. pylori against celiac disease. Although this negative association is not strong, it is statistically significant and should be further considered. Further investigations in both molecular and clinic fields with proper methodology and more detailed information are needed to discover more evidence and underlying mechanisms to clear the interactive aspects of H. pylori colonization in CeD patients.

Systematic review registration number (PROSPERO)

CRD42020167730 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=167730.
Identification of skill in an online game: The case of Fantasy Premier League
Authors: O’Brien Joseph D. , Gleeson James P. , O’Sullivan David J. P.
Published: March 2021

In all competitions where results are based upon an individual’s performance the question of whether the outcome is a consequence of skill or luck arises. We explore this question through an analysis of a large dataset of approximately one million contestants playing Fantasy Premier League, an online fantasy sport where managers choose players from the English football (soccer) league. We show that managers’ ranks over multiple seasons are correlated and we analyse the actions taken by managers to increase their likelihood of success. The prime factors in determining a manager’s success are found to be long-term planning and consistently good decision-making in the face of the noisy contests upon which this game is based. Similarities between managers’ decisions over time that result in the emergence of ‘template’ teams, suggesting a form of herding dynamics taking place within the game, are also observed. Taken together, these findings indicate common strategic considerations and consensus among successful managers on crucial decision points over an extended temporal period.
Leveraging insurance customer data to characterize socioeconomic indicators of Swiss municipalities
Authors: Donadio Lorenzo , Schifanella Rossano , Binder Claudia R. , Massaro Emanuele
Published: March 2021

The availability of reliable socioeconomic data is critical for the design of urban policies and the implementation of location-based services; however, often, their temporal and geographical coverage remain scarce. We explore the potential for insurance customers data to predict socioeconomic indicators of Swiss municipalities. First, we define a features space by aggregating at city-level individual customer data along several behavioral and user profile dimensions. Second, we collect official statistics shared by the Swiss authorities on a wide spectrum of categories: Population, Transportation, Work, Space and Territory, Housing, and Economy. Third, we adopt two spatial regression models exploring both global and local geographical dependencies to investigate their predictability. Results show consistently a correlation between insurance customer characteristics and official socioeconomic indexes. Performance fluctuates depending on the category, with values ofR2> 0.6 for several target variables using a 5-fold cross validation. As a case study, we focus on predicting the percentage of the population using public transportation and we discuss the implications on a regional scope. We believe that this methodology can support official statistical offices and it could open up new opportunities for the characterization of socioeconomic traits at highly-granular spatial and temporal scales.
Minority stress, distress, and suicide attempts in three cohorts of sexual minority adults: A U.S. probability sample
Authors: Meyer Ilan H. , Russell Stephen T. , Hammack Phillip L. , Frost David M. , Wilson Bianca D. M.
Published: March 2021

During the past 50 years, there have been marked improvement in the social and legal environment of sexual minorities in the United States. Minority stress theory predicts that health of sexual minorities is predicated on the social environment. As the social environment improves, exposure to stress would decline and health outcomes would improve. We assessed how stress, identity, connectedness with the LGBT community, and psychological distress and suicide behavior varied across three distinct cohorts of sexual minority people in the United States. Using a national probability sample recruited in 2016 and 2017, we assessed three a priori defined cohorts of sexual minorities we labeled the pride (born 1956–1963), visibility (born 1974–1981), and equality (born 1990–1997) cohorts. We found significant and impressive cohort differences in coming out milestones, with members of the younger cohort coming out much earlier than members of the two older cohorts. But we found no signs that the improved social environment attenuated their exposure to minority stressors—both distal stressors, such as violence and discrimination, and proximal stressors, such as internalized homophobia and expectations of rejection. Psychological distress and suicide behavior also were not improved, and indeed were worse for the younger than the older cohorts. These findings suggest that changes in the social environment had limited impact on stress processes and mental health for sexual minority people. They speak to the endurance of cultural ideologies such as homophobia and heterosexism and accompanying rejection of and violence toward sexual minorities.
Relationship between family functioning, differentiation of self and anxiety in Spanish young adults
Authors: Dolz-del-Castellar Blanca , Oliver Jesús
Published: March 2021

Objectives

In the present study, the relationship between family functioning, differentiation of self and trait anxiety was examined. In addition, differences in trait anxiety and differentiation of self according to sex were studied. It was also checked whether family functioning predicted the achieved degree of differentiation of self, and whether family functioning and differentiation of self predicted the level of trait anxiety. Finally, it was analyzed whether the level of differentiation of self mediated the relationship between family functioning and trait anxiety.

Methods

The study involved 185 Spanish participants, aged between 18 and 56 years and the scales used were the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-20Esp (FACES-20Esp), the Differentiation of Self Scale (EDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results

The results indicated that family functioning was related to differentiation of self and trait anxiety, and that differentiation of self was related to trait anxiety. In addition, according to sex, differences were found in the degree of differentiation of self and in the I Position, with a higher score for men, as well as in Emotional Reactivity and trait anxiety, with higher scores for women. It was also observed that family functioning predicted the level of differentiation of self, and that differentiation of self and family functioning predicted trait anxiety. Finally, it was found that the relationship between family functioning and trait anxiety was partially mediated by differentiation of self.

Conclusions

There are relationships between family functioning, differentiation of self and trait anxiety, and there are differences in differentiation of self and trait anxiety based on sex. The relevance of the results and their implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Safety outcomes for incident responders operating on high speed roads: An analysis of the relationship with behaviour, motivation and role clarity
Authors: Newnam Sharon , Stephens Amanda , Muir Carlyn , Bruce Simon , Austin Tim , Mazzeo Tony
Published: March 2021

High-speed roads present a considerable level of risk for frontline workers operating in these environments. To optimise safety, prevention activities need to target the key skills required to mitigate risk. The aim of this research was to explore the behavioural (compliance, participation, voice), motivational (safety motivation) and work demand (role clarity) factors that influence safety outcomes for incident responders working on high-speed roads. Safety outcomes included secondary incidents and near misses with passing vehicles. A total of 295 complete survey responses were received from six emergency service and incident response agencies in one Australian state. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that higher levels of safety voice, safety motivation and, role clarity were significantly associated with safer self-reported safety outcomes after controlling for the number of incidents attended. The findings from this study will be used to guide the development of a training program to improve the cognitive, behavioural and perceptual skills of incident responders operating on high-speed roads. Some insight into the structure and format of this program is provided.