bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Trade and Transport Services on the Environment in Africa
Authors: Longe Adedayo Emmanuel , Omitogun Olawunmi , Adelokun Oluwole Oluniyi , Adebayo Emmanuel Olajide , Muhammad Shehu
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the impact of trade and transport services on the environment in Africa. Secondary data for 21 countries spanning 2000 and 2014 were used and analysed using POLS, FE, RE and PMG. These techniques revealed diverse results. The Hausman test was used to decide between FE and RE in the study. The Hausman test accepts the FE result due to it 5% significant result. The POLS reveal that trade and economic growth reduces degradation in Africa, while transport services in the export and import sector and energy consumption increases degradation. Notably from the FE result, trade, energy consumption and economic growth showed a positive impact on environmental degradation in Africa, while transport services in the import and export sector reduces environmental degradation. For the PMG result, findings show that in the long-run, trade, transport services (export and import), energy consumption, and economic growth increase degradation in Africa. This implies as these activities increases in the long run, there are no measure to ensure environmental quality. In the short-run, trade and transport services in the import sector reduce degradation as many of the importation is dominated by improved technology products, while transport services in the export sector, energy consumption and economic growth positively impact on environmental degradation in Africa. The study concludes a mixed effect of trade and transport services on the environment in Africa. A major recommendation is that more energy efficient technologies should be used in Africa to meet the sustainable environment goal and this can be done by reviewing trade policy to encourage inflow of improved technology into the economies.
Antithrombotic Drugs in Cirrhosis
Authors: State Nicoleta , Stoica Victor
Published: April 2021

In patients with liver cirrhosis treated for portal vein thrombosis, there was no increase in the risk of bleeding, but there was a decrease in the incidence of liver decompensation and an increase in the survival of treated patients when compared to the untreated ones(1).

Current guidelines(2) do not provide specific recommendations for the prophylaxis or treatment of thromboembolic diseases in patients with liver cirrhosis(3).

In order to determine the influence of anti-thrombotic treatment on the prognosis of liver cirrhosis, 85 patients with liver cirrhosis were followed clinically, by laboratory and ultrasound parameters, for 6 months. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 were used to analyse the data of patients, divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of anti-thrombotic treatment initiated for cardiovascular pathology.

The obtained results showed that the mortality rate between the two groups was similar: 11.54% untreated, 12.12% treated, the decompensation rate of untreated patients was higher than that of the treated ones (36.54% vs. 24.24%) with antithrombotic drugs and that no patient among those treated with antithrombotic drugs showed upper digestive haemorrhage (p =0.038).

The conclusions drawn from this study were that patients with liver cirrhosis in antithrombotic treatment have a better prognosis than untreated ones, in the absence of major bleeding complications, but for a change in guidelines and current practice, studies are needed on a larger number of patients in order to validate these observations.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Assesment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease – a Cost-effectiveness Perspective
Authors: Hodas Roxana , Polexa Ștefania Alexandra , Rareș Manuca , Benedek Theodora
Published: April 2021

Patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency room are currently investigated using either invasive coronary angiography (ICA) or noninvasive coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). ICA remains an expensive diagnostic tool and exposes patients to a high risk of periprocedural complication. Besides the currently available expansive economic evidence, there is still an important lingering issue: to establish, from the healthcare provider’s point of view, which is the most cost-effective investigation tool for the detection of significant coronary artery disease. The aim of this article is to present the latest developments in the field of imaging tools for the detection of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chest pain, from the perspective of a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Optimization of Energy Extraction Using Definite Geometry Prisms in Airflow
Authors: Tipans I. , Viba J. , Irbe M. , Vutukuru S. K.
Published: April 2021

An approximate method for analysis and synthesis of moving rigid bodies (prisms) in the airflow without using numerical methods of space-time programming techniques is described by applying a fluid (air)–rigid solid body interaction concept for engineering applications through a straightforward mathematical model. The interaction of rigid body (prism) and air is encountered in different cases: moving body (prism) in the air; stationary bodies (prism) in the airflow; moving body (prism) in the airflow. The complicated task of rigid body (prism) and air interaction is simplified by using superposition principles, i.e., by taking into account the upstream and downstream rigid body (prism) and air interaction phenomenon, which has been found to be different under varying speeds. Numerical results obtained for various forms of prisms are shown for constant air–speed, where the steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation is solved by using k-ε realizable turbulence model. A detailed explanation to support the proposed approximate method is given by using numerical results obtained in ANSYS computations. All equations are formed based on laws of classical mechanics; the interaction of viscous forces is neglected in forming the mathematical model. Numerical results for different model prisms are compared and the theoretical results discussed in detail. The mathematical model in the present paper is applicable only to bodies that undergo a rectilinear translation motion. In the final part of the present paper, the proposed method is used in the synthesis and optimization task of energy extraction by considering the motion of a variable parameter prism in the airflow.
Corrosion and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Thin TiALN and TiCN PVD Coatings for Protection of Ballast Water Screen Filters
Authors: Kalnina R. , Priednieks V. , Lukins K. , Gasparjans A. , Rijkure A.
Published: April 2021

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and corrosion behaviour of physical vapour deposited (PVD) TiAlN and TiCN coatings of 50 µm mesh shaped AISI 316 stainless steel were estimated under simulated marine conditions (3.5 wt. % NaCl solution). The coatings were prepared by creating adhesive Cr-CrN interlayer with the thickness of about 0.3 µm. The obtained thicknesses of produced coatings were measured to be in a range between 2 and 3.5 µm. The presence of protective coatings leads to corrosion potential (Ecorr
) shifting to more positive values as compared to the bare stainless steel. This effect indicates higher protection efficiency of coated steel under marine conditions. The protective behaviour of produced coating leads to the decreased corrosion current density (jcorr
) by indicating up to 40-fold higher polarization resistance as compared to resistance of the naturally formed oxide layer over the stainless steel. The Nyquist and Bode plots were obtained with the help of EIS measurements by applying alternating potential amplitude of 10 mV on observed Ecorr
. The obtained plots were fitted by appropriate equivalent circuits to calculate pore resistance, charge transfer resistance and capacitance. The present study reveals that pore resistance was the highest in the case of TiCN coating (Rpore
=3.22 kΩ·cm2). The increase in duration of the immersion up to 24 h leads to change in the capacitive behaviour of the coatings caused by the penetration of the aqueous solution into pore system of TiCN coating with low wettability and surface passivation of reactive TiAlN coating. The presence of defects was confirmed by examining the obtained samples with the help of the scanning electron microscope.
Synthesis and mechanism of aluminum silicate mesoporous materials by F108 template
Authors: Ma Zhijun , Gao Jing , Weng Xingyuan , Yang Shuai , Peng Kai
Published: April 2021

Aluminosilicate mesoporous materials were synthesized using F108 template (polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycolpolyethylene glycol) at a concentration of 0.034 g/ml and the molar ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 was 0.09. The products were then characterized using nitrogen adsorption/desorption tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of various crystallization temperatures as well as sodium hydroxide concentrations on the average diameter, pore volume, surface area, and morphology of the synthetic material were analyzed. Results showed that a sodium hydroxide concentration of 11 mol/L and a crystallization temperature of 130 °C produced a synthetic material with regular pore size and homogeneous arrangement including a specific surface area of 137.62 m2/g, an average pore volume of 0.27 cm3/g, along with an average pore size of 15.33 nm.
IZGRADNJA SISTEMA ZA NAVODNJAVANJE NA LOKALITETU OPŠTINE KANJIŽA
Authors: Pantić Nevena , Kolaković Srdjan
Published: April 2021

Predmet ovog rada je izrada Idejnog projekta sistema navodnjavanja na lokalitetu opštine Kanjiža. Ovo podrazumeva definisanje količine vode potrebne za navodnjavanje, odabir najoptimalnijeg sistema zalivanja, definisanje tehničkih elemenata, hidrauličku analizu sistema i cenu predviđenih radova.
ORGANIZACIJA DOSTAVNOG PODRUČJA APATIN
Authors: Maširević Milan
Published: April 2021

U ovom radu je opisan način organizacije i reorganizacije dostavnog područja Apatin.Urađena je analiza kompletnog dostavnog područja.   Da bi se postiglo optimalno organizovanje i ujednačavanje opterećenosti dostavnih rejona, neophodno je uvažiti opšte kriterijume i podateke raspoložive u aplikativnim rešenjima i terenskim radom. Svi rejoni su ponaosob analizirani i izvršena je reorganizacija i optimizovanje dostavnih rejona.
POSTOJANOST NA TRLJANJE OTISAKA NA METALU DOBIJENIH GRAFIČKIM SISTEMOM DURST RHO 750
Authors: Stupar Ivana , Kašiković Nemanja , Milošević Rastko
Published: April 2021

U okviru ovog rada izvršeno je ispitivanje metalnih materijala štampanih digitalnom tehnikom štampe na mašini Durst Rho 750. Test karta je štampana na tri metalna materijala, debljine od 3-4 mm. Na osnovu analize optičke gustine, relativne spektralne refleksije, obima i površine linija, razlike boja i L*a*b* vrednosti, došli smo do saznanja kako se ovi parametri menjaju pod uticajem trljanja. Rezultati su predstavljeni tabelarano i grafički.
ANTI PANDEMIJSKI HABITAT
Authors: Živanović Nikola
Published: April 2021

Ovaj istraživački rad ima za cilj pri­kazivanje mogućnosti projektovanja svakidašnjih arhitek­tonskih programa u vanrednim situacijama i prilagođa­vanje korisnika na nove uslove života.
IDEJNO REŠENJE MULTIFUNKCIONALNOG OBJEKTA U SREMSKOJ KAMENICI
Authors: Kotrošan Violeta , Krklješ Milena
Published: April 2021

Usled novonastale situacije sa epidemijom koja je pogodila svet tokom 2020 godine, većina ljudi je primorana na potpuno novu organizaciju poslovanja kao i na rad od kuće. Iz svega navedenog o konceptu mešovitih namena, tradicionalnog i modernog pristupa životu i poslovanju, nastala je ideja za multifunkcionalni objekat koji je spoj privatnog i poslovnog života, tj. stambeni prostor koji je u sinergiji sa poslovnim prostorom uz mogućnost kombinovanja stambenih jedinica u privatne, ali i poslovne svrhe, po potrebama pojedinaca.
Sounding the Forgotten Voices of Contemporary Chant
Authors: Helferty Emily
Published: April 2021

Although created more than 1000 years ago, medieval Christian chant and polyphony is still used in concert halls and churches. Questions remain, however, about whether 21st century performances should attempt to replicate earlier practices or reflect the creativity of the present day. This project focuses on the tension between evolutionist and preservationist mindsets that pervade Early Music, exploring the contrasting views that chant is an evolving and living tradition or that chant should be learned and performed as close to its original use as possible. Through a combination of bibliographic and ethnographic research I studied the views of Early Music scholars and conductors/directors on the current use of chant in and outside of the context of worship. From this research, I uncovered a fascinating paradox regarding authenticity in performance practice. It appears that scholars are overwhelmingly motivated by a desire for authenticity in their arguments for preservation or evolution, whereas the two church pastors and four contemporary directors and performers of chant in Eastern Ontario that were interviewed in this project expressed far more varied opinions. These were rarely attached to a desire for authenticity, despite being among few who use chant in its most “authentic” context of worship. This project draws attention to the absence of scholarship on chant performers and their motivations, giving a voice to the singers of chant in the contemporary world.
The role of impacted third molar angulation on the anterior crowding
Authors: Gökçe Gökçenur , Akan Burçin , Veli Ilknur
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the role of impacted third molar angulation on the severity of anterior crowding.

Materials and Methods:

Panoramic radiographs and three-dimensional (3D) digital models of 45 patients satisfying the following inclusion criteria were selected for this study. To calculate the irregularity index of Little, the sum of the contact point displacements from the anatomical contact point to the contact point among the lower canine teeth was measured on 3D digital models. Little’s irregularity index was used to classify patients as having mild, moderate, or severe crowding. For intragroup variance, comparisons T test was used. The Spearman single rank correlation coefficients were used to analyze any correlation among degree of crowding and (a) third molar inclination to base of mandible, (b) third molar inclination to occlusal plane, and (c) third molar inclination to second molar inclination respectively.

Results:

There were no statistical differences found in all tested parameters (i.e., third molar inclination to mandibular plane, inclination of the third molars to occlusal plane, and inclination of the third molars to second molars) among three groups (P > 0.005).

Conclusion:

It can be deduced that no relationship obtains among the third molar inclination to base of mandible, third molar inclination to occlusal plane, third molar inclination to second molar inclination, and the level of anterior crowding.
Human Capital and Endogenous Growth: Incorporating the Role of Unemployment in Determining Returns
Authors: Hina Ali  , Saadia Irshad  , Maria Shams Khakwani  , Tayyaba Naveed
Published: April 2021

This study reported the returns to Human Capital in Pakistan. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the returns to human capital. In Pakistan, the level of output is dependent on manpower. Human Capital is a significant contributor in the way to betterment in the economic condition. In this study, time series data is used, and co-integration is applied for the empirical estimation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), education, mortality, enrolment, unemployment, and age are the core variables of the research. Education has a positive impact on productivity. An increase in education level raises the female labor force participation in Pakistan. The presence of children decreases the early age participation in the labor market. The result shows that when the education level is increased, it boosts the economic activity, and the female labor force participation is the main reason that is increasing its likelihood. It is recommended that government should provide better facilities of education to enhance the female force participation in the labor market in the case of developing countries, by providing the best grades and tasks to the human beings both male and female, thus the level of returns by human capital utilization may increase.
Modern Socialist Vietnam: Perspectives for Investors
Authors: Sinitsyn S.   N.
Published: April 2021

The article considers aspects of the interaction between the state and business and describes the state’s role in developing innovative projects in the Asia-Pacific region. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is one of the most rapidly growing centres of innovative projects in the Asia-Pacific region. The most attractive sectors to invest in here are finance, education, technology, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. SRV has acquired a human resource capacity that is capable of producing high-quality, innovative projects Education in Vietnam is a social task for the state Numerous universities and institutes and business accelerators, business incubators, and coworking centres play an essential role in personnel training.
On Some Aspects of Emotional Intelligence and Its Use in the Higher Education Entities
Authors: Maksimova O. I.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of the formation and development of emotional intelligence (EI) in students. The author noted that there is a relationship between intelligence and emotions. Next? The author listed five components of D Goleman’s. EI model, covering various skills and abilities, the formation and development of which should be directed efforts during the educational and educational process. Further, the author defined the tasks in which EI played an important role and presented an overview of current key methods for assessing and determining EI level In the end, the author presented the conclusions of research confirming the point of view about the possibility of targeted development of EI. Also, the author concluded that the formation and development of students’ emotional intelligence have particular importance in education, and its solution will allow students to successfully overcome difficulties of various properties and feel comfortable in society.
Dynamics of Electoral Volatility and the Perspectives of the Party System Development in the Russian Federation (on the Example of Regions of the Central Federal District)
Authors: Chepel S.  L.
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the dynamics of electoral volatility in the parliamentary electoral cycles in the years of 2007–2011 and 2011–2016 and its influences on the development of the party system in the Russian Federation. The regions of the Central federal district were chosen to exemplify this process. The author considers the specific impact of the economic and cultural factors on Russian voters’ changing party preferences. The author stressed that the values of survival that prevail in public mass consciences induce citizens to keep up widespread support of the country’s most influential political power, the United Russia party, even in the conditions when the social-economic situation deteriorates. The author concluded that in these circumstances, the United Russia party succeeds in maintaining control over the parliamentary majority due to the 2021 elections to the State Duma So no changes in the party system of the Russian Federation should be expected.
Concept of Competitive Authoritarianism and Its Criticism in Scientific Literature
Authors: Medvedev Yu. S.
Published: April 2021

The concept of competitive authoritarianism by Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way has become one of the compelling responses to the decline of the transition paradigm that used to hold optimistic expectations about democratization of political regimes that combined elements of democracy and authoritarianism. According to Levitsky and Way’s logic, the presence of an authoritarian component does not allow one to characterize such mixed regimes as democratic, and in this sense, competitive authoritarianism is still authoritarianism. At the same time, it differs from other forms of authoritarian regimes due to the non-illusory ability of the opposition to compete for the executive power. The concept of competitive authoritarianism has been widely used in the study of political regimes, but the resulting important need for a deeper understanding of its assumptions has given rise to a number of critical evaluations among the researchers. The main criticism of the opponents regards the operationalization of the concept of “competitive authoritarianism”, the historical limitations of its usage, as well as Levitsky and Way’s idea that competitive authoritarian regimes are predetermined to democratize if they maintain broad and close ties with the West that are regarded as some kind of frozen objective reality. The article attempts to bring together the critical arguments that have been expressed in the research literature against the concept of competitive authoritarianism, and thereby contribute to a more balanced reception of this concept in the domestic scientific discourse. According to the author’s conclusion, the main flaws of the concept are related to the interpretation of the reasons for the vulnerability/stability of competitive authoritarian regimes. The focus on the role of the West and the regime’s ability to control the political process ignores a number of other significant factors, including the ability of the opposition to counter the current government with some real alternative, which is especially important in the Russian context, where the absence of such an alternative is one of the key reasons for the exceptional stability of the authoritarian regime.
On the Relevance of The Present State of the Study of Politics (Round Table)
Authors: Gaman-Golutvina O. V. , Golosov G. V. , Panov P. V. , Sungurov A. Yu. , Filippov A. F.
Published: April 2021

The authors view the main issues raised in Charles Merriam’s article The Present State of the Study of Politics in the context of the current trends in the development of political knowledge in Russia and worldwide. Merriam proposed a new view of Political Science as a scientific discipline with its own research goals related to the empirical study of the political behavior of people. Merriam’s approach to determining the status of Political Science within the framework of social knowledge assumed delineating its own problem field and identifying those factors that determine events taking place in this field. Merriam emphasized the relativity of both the autonomy of politics and the significance of the impacts that are exerted upon politics. Professional organization and coordination of political studies (one of Merriam’s key initiatives) at the beginning of the 21st century are associated with the competition between hierarchical and network models of interaction between representatives of the Political Science community. Moreover, the current state of discipline in Russia is largely determined by the specifics of its institutionalization. Unlike the United States, where the evolution of Political Science took place under the decisive influence of formalized knowledge, the Russian Political Science is still influenced by some of the approaches inherent in the old-fashioned institutionalism. The movement of Political Science in the direction of interdisciplinary synthesis, which received its impetus from the scientific and organizational activities of Merriam, was not linear. The current methodological configuration of the discipline is most adequately expressed in the concept of “multiparadigmality”, which does not solve the problem of b ringing together conflicting methodologies.
Daruharidra (Berberis aristata): Review based upon its Ayurvedic Properties
Authors: Shailja Choudhary  , Hemlata Kaurav  , Madhusudan S.  , Gitika Chaudhary
Published: April 2021

Berberis aristata is also known as daruharidra which is a famous plant and used in various medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Chinese and Allopathy for a very long time. It is a spinous, hard, yellowish herb belongs to the family Berberidaceae. The plant is distributed in sub- Himalayan regions, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and hilly areas of Nepal. It played a significant role as an herbal remedy for more than 2500 years. It was used by ancient Egyptians to anticipate plague disease. European herbalists used this plant to treat liver and gall bladder disorders during the early middle ages. Russian therapists used B. aristata plant to cure inflammation, high blood pressure and abnormal menstrual cycle. It is used as a bitter tonic, stomachic, cholagogue, antiperiodic and alternative by American Indians to cure intermittent fever, neuralgia and menorrhagia. In the traditional medicinal system, the plant is used to treat skin diseases, menorrhagia, diarrhea, eye problem inflammation and wound healing. Fruit of the plant is a rich source of Vitamin C. The main active constituent of the plant is Berberine found mainly in its roots.  The most important formulation of this plant is 'Rashut' that is acts as a tonic as well as blood purifier and also used to treat ulcer and ophthalmic diseases. Reported clinical and experimental studies showed that the plant possesses various pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and cardiotonic activity.
Evaluating the 10th Grade English Coursebook Currently in Use in Afghanistan
Authors: Khayber Najafi
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the use of (or lack of) of English textbooks in teaching English as a second/foreign language classrooms has become an issue of great debate among English teachers. Regarding the critical role of teaching materials in second language instruction, this study was an attempt to evaluate the English Coursebook taught at the 10th grade in Afghan schools from the perspectives of both teachers and students. To this end, 30 Afghan teachers of English were asked to fill out a piloted, Likert-scale questionnaire whose items tapped different aspects of the book. In addition, 100 Afghan students at the 10th grade were given another questionnaire to elicit their opinions on the book. After collecting and analyzing the data, the results indicated that, except for the pictures and illustrations used in the book, other aspects including ‘meeting syllabus objectives’, ‘compatibility with Afghan socio-cultural norms’, ‘teachability’, and ‘effectiveness of the testing system’ are confirmed by the teachers. In addition, except for the paper quality and suitability of the illustrations and pictures, the students agreed on the effectiveness of the book in vocabulary development, topic selection and sequence of the exercises.
Review Article: Laboratory Tests and Their Role for Detecting Covid 19 Infection
Authors: Doaa Dawood Salman
Published: April 2021

Corona Virus Disease or what is known (Covid 19) is pandemic spread quickly among most countries of the world, where the infections reached to 50 million humans, and more than 1.250.000 deaths. The reasons of the disease spread among people are the infected and not taking adequate preventive procedures. The delay of the laboratory test result to confirm infection also contributes in the disease spread. Examples of the test are RT-RPC, which requires a lot of time, accuracy in the work, and high experience techniques. These conditions are not available in almost countries, which do this test for limited people with clear symptoms. In this research, some Laboratory tests are concerned to show their role in detecting the virus, where the result of this study show that the results of RT-RPC test are inaccurate by 20%, and so most of the countries that suffered from the rapid spread of the virus resorted to relying on other laboratory tests that less cost and give a quick results to early detection of the virus infection, and these tests can identify false results of RT-RPC.
Application of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Khan Mohsin Ali , Zafar Adeel , Akbar Arslan , Javed Muhammad Faisal , Mosavi Amir
Published: April 2021

Abstract: For the production of geopolymer concrete (GPC), fly-ash (FA) like waste material has been effectively utilized by various researchers. In this paper, the soft computing techniques known as gene expression programming (GEP) are executed to deliver an empirical equation to estimate the compressive strength f_c^' of GPC made by employing FA. To build a model, a consistent, extensive and reliable data base is compiled through a detailed review of the published research. The compiled data set is comprised of 298 f_c^' experimental results. The utmost dominant parameters are counted as explanatory variables, in other words, the extra water added as percent FA (%E_W), the percentage of plasticizer (%P), the initial curing temperature (T), the age of the specimen (A), the curing duration (t), the fine aggregate to total aggregate ratio (F⁄A_G ), the percentage of total aggregate by volume ( 〖%A〗_G), the percent SiO2 solids to water ratio (% S/W) in sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution, the NaOH solution molarity (M), the activator or alkali to FA ratio (A_L⁄F_A ), the sodium oxide (Na2O) to water ratio (N⁄W) for preparing Na2SiO3 solution, and the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (N_s⁄N_o ). A GEP empirical equation is proposed to estimate the f_c^' of GPC made with FA. The accuracy, generalization, and prediction capability of the proposed model was evaluated by performing parametric analysis, applying statistical checks, and then compared with non-linear and linear regression equations.
Vietnam: il discorso del nuovo presidente Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: April 2021

Primo ministro del paese dal 2016, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc è il nuovo presidente della Repubblica Socialista del Vietnam.
Machines Do Not Decide Hate Speech: Machine Learning, Power, and the Intersectional Approach
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon
Published: April 2021

The advent of social media has increased digital content—and with it, hate speech. Advancements in machine learning help detect online hate speech at scale, but scale is only one part of the problem related to moderating digital hate speech. Machines do not decide what comprises hate speech, which is part of a societal norm. Power relations establish such norms and, thus, determine who can say what comprises hate speech. Without paying attention to this data-generation process, building a fair automated hate speech detection system is unachievable. This article first examines the relationship between power, hate speech, and machine learning, then examines how the intersectional lens, focusing on power dynamics between and within social groups, helps identify bias in the data sets used to build automated hate speech detection systems.
A Case of Acute Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in an Unusual Age Group
Authors: Rana Rachana Singh , Gurung Reeta
Published: April 2021

Introduction: This is a case of case of acute gonococcal conjunctivitis in a 2.5 years old female child.

Case: A 2.5 years old female child presented with redness, purulent and profuse discharge from left eye with associated upper eyelid swelling. The culture of conjunctival swab revealed Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The child was treated with intravenous antibiotics and fortified medications.

Conclusion: Unlike young adults and newborn gonococcal conjunctivitis (GCC), children can have a nonsexual mode of transmission and could be seen in an unusual age group. For the management of the diseases, proper history including sexual abuse history and thorough physical examination is mandatory, which is sometimes difficult in a developing country. Gonococcal conjunctivitis in the toddler group should be kept in consideration.
Glaucoma in Developing Countries
Authors: Thapa Suman Shumshere , Paudyal Indira , Joshi Pratibha Lama , Singh Kalpana , Parajuli Anil
Published: April 2021

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The diagnosis and management of glaucoma is especially difficult in the developing countries. Lack of cost effective screening strategies, low income, low rates of literacy and inadequate infrastructures and human resources for eye care services are the obstacles for delivering glaucoma service. Majority of people with glaucoma in developing countries usually present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis; which negatively affects their quality of life. Further research, proper allocation of resources and collaborative effort by blindness prevention programs will hopefully provide new evidences on cost effective ways to screen and manage glaucoma in the future. This article aims to highlight the burden of glaucoma and ways to address the challenges in developing countries.
The Application of Hasya Rasa in Shakespeare’s “My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun” and Marvell’s “To His Coy Mistress”
Authors: Budhathoki Mahendra Kumar
Published: April 2021

Literature like poetry has aesthetic value along with social value. The expression of emotion is the power of literature that enthralls readers; readers enjoy texts experiencing rasa. This paper aims to analyze Shakespeare’s “My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun” and Marvell’s “To His Coy Mistress” from the perspective of the rasa theory, i.e. an Eastern aesthetic theory. The poems randomly selected expose hasya rasa experience. The poets exploit hasya rasa to disseminate and propagate pleasure as well idea, thought, like erotic love, frivolous; the experience of hasya rasa is a uniqueness that enthralls readers to read the poems again. The expression and realization of rasa constitute the aesthetic value and power of the poems. The poems selected here demonstrate that the formal and serious poems can be amusing, chucklesome. Although the realization level of hasya rasa may vary from individual to individual as their academic, professional, social status, and age, there is hasya rasa experience in the poems.
Availability of raw materials in the state of Piauí for the production of ceramic coating
Authors: Silva Paulysendra Felipe , Oliveira Francisca das Chagas , Sousa Rebeka Manuela Lobo , Lopes Phillype Dowglas , Conceição Italo Gutierry Carneiro da , Paz Gilvan Moreira da , Soares Roberto Arruda Lima
Published: April 2021

The main raw material for the production of ceramic materials is clay, it can be found in large quantities throughout Brazil, in addition to having a simple processing method in the preparation of the mass of ceramic tiles using mixtures of kaolinitic clays (not very plastic) and illitic (plastic) clays, this mixture favors by developing a series of functions such as: light-burning color; act as binders and plasticizers; facilitate fluidity, due to its melting properties, provide a good burning density and excellent mechanical resistance. This work addresses the main basic white-burning raw materials used in the production of ceramic tiles: quartz, kaolin, talc and limestone and their influence on the ceramic mass. All raw materials mentioned are available in the State of Piauí. For this, a bibliographic review of a descriptive, basic and qualitative nature was carried out on the theme and with the results, it was possible to identify the existence of white-burning raw materials in the State of Piauí that can be used in the production of ceramic coating.
Biosafety and action in front of COVID-19
Authors: Cachoni Anna Clara , Cadari Micael Borges , Foggiato Augusto Alberto , Coléte Juliana Zorzi , Neto João Lopes Toledo , Jassi Fabrício José , Silva Douglas Fernandes da
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 disease that affected the entire world in 2020 is caused by a virus (SARS-CoV-2) with a high rate of pathogenicity and transmission that caused several deaths in its trajectory. To combat this disease several personal hygiene measures and the use of personal protective equipment were necessary. In view of this, the study aims to clarify some doubts regarding the vaccine and its effectiveness, individual protection and the performance of health professionals in the face of this situation.
Analisis Kromosom Varietas Kacang Gude (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) Asal Pulau Kisar, Maluku Barat Daya (MBD)
Authors: Smith Alwi , Sangur Kristin , Danisa Eclesia
Published: April 2021

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is one of the biodiversity of Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya (MBD). This study aimed to determine the number and size of chromosomes from pigeon pea (C. cajan) from Kisar Island, MBD. The method used for chromosome observation is the squashing method, while for the analysis of the shape and size of chromosomes using the picsart and image raster applications. Data analysis using descriptive analysis with the help of figures and tables. The results showed that the chromosome number of three varieties of pigeon pea (C. cajan) was 2n = 14. The longest chromosome is owned by orange seed varieties that are 9.17 Âµm, batik color seed varieties are 9.09 Î¼m, the shortest chromosomes are owned by black seed varieties of 8.32 Âµm. The chromosome length of the three varieties of pigeon pea (C. cajan) varies showing different genome numbers. Â Â Key words: Chromosome; Cajanus cajan; Kisar Island; Maluku Barat Daya.Â Â
Analisis Kimia Ikan Ekor Kuning Asap Industri Rumah Tangga di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Haryati Kristina , Dianingsih Nurlita
Published: April 2021

Fish is highly susceptible to deterioration without any preservative or processing measures and requires proper handling and preservation to increase its shelf life. Smoked fish is traditionally processed by fish through an open process of hot smoked. Smoked fish process in Indonesia, especially in Papua, is still carried out traditionally with capital and small business scale so that the use of tools is still simple. The aim of this research was to study the proximate composition of smoked yellowfin fish, which were taken from different producers in Youtefa Market, Jayapura City, Papua. The analysis on smoked yellowfin fish applied of proximate analysis (moisture level, ash level, fat level, and protein level). The result of this research showed that the highest moisture level was EK.K sample with 67.17%.Â  The highest value of ash level was EK.TÂ­1 sample with 8.15%. The highest of fat and protein level were EK.K sample, with 18.63% and 6.42%, respectively.Â Â Key words: Smoked yellowfin, proximate analysis.Â
Pengembangan Produk Minuman Tonikum Kulit Kayu Akway (Drymis piperita): Prospek Penambah Stamina Tubuh Secara In Vivo
Authors: Hallik Noviana , Pratiwi Rani D. , Gunawan Elsye
Published: April 2021

Akway bark (Drymis piperita) from Papua is widely used by local people in Arfak Mountains of West Papua to increase stamina. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical quality and tonic effects of Akway bark (bark tonic drink D. piperita) on mice (Mus musculus). The swimming resistance used to determine the tonic effect of mice (24 individuals) which divided into 6 groups. Group I was given water, group II tonic drink base, group III as positive control of 50 mg caffeine energy drinks, groups IV, V, and VI were given bark tonic drink 10mg /kg body weight, 30 mg/kg body weight, and 50mg /kg body weight respectively. The total period swimming until fatigue was measured and used as an index of swimming capacity. The results of Â physical quality of the Akway bark tonic drink has a sweet and sour taste, with clear dark brown color, had distinctive aroma with pH of 4, and its volume was 100 ml with solubility deposits on day 21. The results of pre-clinical testing shown the highest dose was 50 mg/ weight swimming time 9.28 minutes and having better stamina. The next was with dose of 30 mg/kgBW, swimming for for 6.01 minutes and the last was dose of 10 mg /kgBW swimming for 3.23 minutes. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that it was significantly different between the 10 mg/kgBW, 30 mg/kgBW and 50 mg/kgBW groups.Â Key words: drink; D. piperita tonic; effect; mice; Papua.Â
Persepsi Publik Terhadap Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Wilayah Jayapuraâ€“Papua
Authors: Sujarta Puguh , Suharno Suharno , Farmawaty Farmawaty , Numberi Leonardo A. , Rahayu Irma , Mailisa Marseline G. , Suebu Irene , Manalu Roma M. , Lahallo Wehelmina
Published: April 2021

Papua has a huge diversity of natural resources which can be categorized as well managed compare to other areas in Indonesia. The city of Jayapura and its surrounding are arranged to become an urban area nowadays. As an impact, many sector has changing including its land use. This research aims to understanding the knowledge, perception, and assesment of people regarding the environment particularly in Jayapura and its environs. The research was conducted in Jayapura City, Jayapura Regency and Keerom Regency with sampling method using survey, questionnaire and documentation. This research revealed that 53.0â€“90.0% of respondent knowing about environmental management and most of them (90.0%) gained those information from educational institution such as schools. Regarding government participation in environmental management, respondent answered that it is around 69.0â€“76.0% while for infrastructure and monitoring it is around 52.4-74.0% and 41.0-70.6% respectively. Concerning the environmental condition and its management the rate was 6.20 which can be categoized as good.Key words: people perception; environment; government; Jayapura.Â
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against positive coagulase Staphylococcus isolated from External Canine Otitis cases
Authors:   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Martini Maria Carolina Alves de , Suthovski Gabriela ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Santa Catarina Alcione ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Fagundes Karina Raquel ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Giotto Christian Carpeggiani ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Schmitz Edinéia Paula Sartori ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Gallina André Lazarin ,   State University of Centro-Oeste, Azevedo Maiara Garcia Blagitz ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Starikoff Karina Ramirez ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Champion Tatiana ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Benvegnú Dalila Moter ,   Federal University of Fronteira Sul
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), citronella (Cymbopogon winteranius) and melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils (EOs) on CoPS. Of the 67 cerumen samples collected, 17 CoPS strains were isolated. Using the microdilution method in a 96-well plate, EOs were added at a maximum concentration of 10% and minimum of 0.04%. It is concluded that the EOs of clove and citronella demonstrate antimicrobial activity against strains of CoPS isolated from canine external otitis. At the concentrations used, melaleuca essential oil did not show any bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects.
Elevated
Authors:   , Bader Kyle P.
Published: April 2021

Celebrated, mundane; appealing, discarded; real, fake; structured, messy; quick, slow; assumptions, well- observed; found object, representational painting; these elements are the key components to this thesis. My thesis presents a challenge to the viewer/audience through dichotomies in recognizable and, initially, unrecognizable forms. I use these elements to elevate or re-energize the mundane to the same level to the constructed figure contained in the image. For example, in most pieces, I use a combination of paint and refuse to construct an image of someone of a higher cultural status (past or present), such as a king or contemporary celebrity, while simultaneously putting what appears to be a plethora of cluttered detritus in outside areas. This garbage (found object, collage, assemblage, etc.) actually contains trompe loeil imagery hidden in plain sight. Additionally, elemental bridges such as half-tone dots, abstract-painted marks, and absences of construction are present. Ideally, the goal is to have the oppositions function on similar levels, (such as trompe loeil functioning as found object, found object functioning as trompe loeil) with the elemental bridges assisting this cause for transitional purposes. Furthermore, this equation ultimately leads these pieces to be completed with a nonhierarchy of the materials and images contained. A few artists that have influenced this idea are Vija Celmins, Robert Rauschenberg, and Kehinde Wiley.
Impact force analysis using the B-spline material point method
Authors: Lo Siu Vay , Nguyen Nha Thanh , Nguyen Minh Ngoc , Thien Truong Tich
Published: April 2021

In the MPM algorithm, all the particles are formulated in a single-valued velocity field hence the non-slip contact can be satisfied without any contact treatment. However, in some impact and penetration problems, the non-slip contact condition is not appropriate and may even yield unreasonable results, so it is important to overcome this drawback by using a contact algorithm in the MPM. In this paper, the variation of contact force with respect to time caused by the impact is investigated. The MPM using the Lagrange basis function, so causing the cell-crossing phenomenon when a particle moves from one cell to another. The essence of this phenomenon is due to the discontinuity of the gradient of the linear basis function. The accuracy of the results is therefore also affected. The high order B-spline MPM is used in this study to overcome the cell-crossing error. The BSMPM uses higher-order B-spline functions to make sure the derivatives of the shape functions are continuous, so that alleviate the error. The algorithm of MPM and BSMPM has some differences in defining the computational grid. Hence, the original contact algorithm in MPM needs to be modified to be suitable in order to use in the BSMPM. The purpose of this study is to construct a suitable contact algorithm for BSMPM and then use it to investigate the contact force caused by impact. Some numerical examples are presented in this paper, the impact of two circular elastic disks and the impact of a soft circular disk into a stiffer rectangular block. All the results of contact force obtained from this study are compared with finite element results and perform a good agreement, the energy conservation is also considered.
Aspectos epidemiológicos e tendência temporal de HIV/AIDS em mulheres em tratamento antirretroviral, campos gerais: 2002-2017
Authors: Machado Isabela Luiza , Muller Erildo Vicente , Martins Camila Marinelli
Published: April 2021

Justificativa e Objetivo: Em 2018 foram notificados 4.737 casos de HIV/AIDS em mulheres no Brasil, Devido a maior vulnerabilidade vivenciada pelas mulheres, estudos mostram que em países subdesenvolvidos como a África, mulheres jovens com idade entre 15 e 24 anos possuem o dobro de probabilidade de estarem vivendo com HIV/AIDS quando comparado aos homens. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e a tendência temporal de HIV/AIDS em mulheres em tratamento antirretroviral nos campos Gerais do Paraná no período de 2002 a 2017. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de coorte realizado no Serviço de Atenção Especializada (SAE) do Município de Ponta Grossa – PR, no período de 2002 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados a partir de 504 prontuários e fichas de notificação de agravos das mulheres em tratamento antirretroviral no município. Resultados: As mulheres da coorte eram em sua maioria brancas, com média de idade de 45 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Verificou-se a predominância de mulheres casadas, com comportamento heterossexual e que adquiriram a infecção sexualmente. Foi observado uma associação entre o comportamento sexual, estado civil e modo de transmissão e constatado um aumento da incidência de mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS no município, com crescimento de 1.35% ao ano e com maior coeficiente de incidência em 2016. Considerações Finais: É importante que sejam implantadas políticas públicas voltadas para redução da desigualdade de gênero e ações que viabilizem o empoderamento feminino, a fim de garantir a diminuição do estigma sofrido por estas mulheres.