bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8‐4: Degradation Analysis of InP‐Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lampande Raju , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate the degradation analysis of red indium phosphide (InP) quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) by measuring the stability of each layer. Our analysis shows that InP‐QDs are very unstable against electron‐exciton stress and we anticipate that this is the cause of the degradation of QLED.
10‐1: Layout of 1.50‐inch, 3207‐ppi OLED Display with OSLSI/SiLSI Structure Capable of Division Driving Fabricated through VLSI Process with Side‐by‐Side Patterning by Photolithography
Authors: Saito Toshihiko , Mizuguchi Toshiki , Okamoto Yuki , Ito Minato , Toyotaka Kouhei , Kozuma Munehiro , Matsuzaki Takanori , Kobayashi Hidetomo , Onuki Tatsuya , Hiura Yoshikazu , Hodo Ryota , Sasagawa Shinya , Kunitake Hitoshi , Nakamura Daiki , Sato Hitomi , Kimura Hajime , Wu Chih-Chiang , Yoshida Hiroshi , Chen Min-Cheng , Liao Ming-Han , Chang Shou-Zen , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2022

We fabricated a 1.50‐inch, 3207‐ppi OLED display with drivers capable of 32‐division driving, which is achieved by monolithically stacking OSFETs over SiFETs. Taking advantages of minute OSFETs with a high withstand voltage, Si‐OS connection regions were provided in subpixels to connect Si drivers and OS pixel arrays at given positions.
16‐2: Distinguished Paper: Thin and Low‐Reflection Metal Black Matrix for High PPI LCD
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Ueda Satoshi , Hachiya Atsushi , Okada Kuniaki , Hirai Akira , Kawahira Yuichi , Misaki Katsunori , Furukawa Hiroaki , Kato Hiromi
Published: June 2022

A 2.9‐inch 2K2K (1058 ppi) panel using low‐reflection metal black matrix (BM) has been developed. We confirmed lower surface reflectance of LCD by using low‐reflection metal BM, and confirmed that there was no adverse effect on the display optical characteristics. We have shown that a thinner BM allows us to design more transparent pixels by increasing the aperture ratio, or to increase the color viewing angle. This technique can also be applied to Flip panel structures.
21‐2: Invited Paper: Improve OLED Light Outcoupling Efficiency by Eliminating Waveguide Mode using Ultrathin Metal Electrode
Authors: Jeong Changyeong , Park Yong-Bum , Guo L. Jay
Published: June 2022

Extracting light from the waveguide mode in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) is most challenging as such optical mode is intrinsic in traditional OLED due to materials and layered structure used in the device. This work intends to address the root cause of the light trapping problem. We systematically analyzed OLEDs made with an ultrathin Ag anode and found that waveguide modes can be completely eliminated by designing a structure to below the cutoff thickness of waveguide modes. We also experimentally verified the waveguide mode elimination in organic waveguides. In principle such a scheme can be extended to tandem cells, and in making transparent OLED. A further benefit is the ductility of the ultrathin metal allows foldable OLED to be realized.
22‐1: Invited Paper: Electrically Switchable Privacy Technology Suitable for Laptop PC
Authors: Lee Dong-Jin , Kwak Jaeyoung , Ha Kyung Su , Jung Jongwook , Lee Chan Heon , Kim Gwang Tae , Youn Won Gyun , Park Jeong-Ki
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces an e‐Privacy display, electrically switchable between wide viewing angle (share) mode and narrow viewing angle (privacy) mode, operated by louver film and polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), named as viewing angle control film (VCF). Especially, focusing on e‐Privacy suitable for laptop PC, reducing power consumption and maximizing privacy feature can be achieved through PDLC haze customization by input voltage control and three layers (louver, PDLC, and panel) lamination to eliminate air gap. As a result, the VCF technology is optimized for e‐Privacy laptop PC which can be used in various environmental conditions.
23‐2: Characterization of Directional Chromaticity of Cylindrically Curved OLED
Authors: Käläntar K. , Yamauchi Yasuki
Published: June 2022

Bending a flexible OLED panel alters the optical structure of the panel resulting in change of optical characteristics. The effects of bending on the luminous intensity distribution were analyzed and the issues were extracted, and reported in the previous publications by the first author. However, the directional chromaticity characteristics of the OLED in bent states remained. In this paper we study the on‐axis and off‐axis chromaticity characteristics of the bent OLEDs in cylindrical states. The characteristics of two OLEDs that had barrier layer thicknesses of 100 nm and 150 nm are measured at cylindrically bend curvature radii of R0=∞ mm (planar state), R2=143 mm (cylindrically curved state) and R5=56. 7 mm (cylindrically curved state). The effect of bent curvature on the directional characteristics of cylindrical OLEDs, such as emission spectrum and chromaticity are measured at specified viewing directions. The results are evaluated and discussed for the cylindrically curved OLEDs in comparison with those of the OLEDs in planar state.
24‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Towards a Solid‐State LIDAR Using Holographic Illumination and a SPAD‐Based Time‐Of‐Flight Image Sensor
Authors: Bantounos Konstantinos , Smeeton Tim M. , Underwood Ian
Published: June 2022

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems are finding their way into an increasing number of applications including autonomous vehicles. Imaging based on Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays has demonstrated great promise for LIDAR, typically using flood illumination or raster‐scanning of a small spot. Holographic illumination, on the other hand, has been successfully applied to display systems such as automotive Head Up Displays (HUDs). It holds promise as the method of illumination for a LIDAR system. We present a novel architecture and report initial results to show that it can improve the depth accuracy of 3D imaging.
27‐2: Novel LTPS‐TFT Backplane Structure on Glass for 1,443ppi 4.3‐in. AMOLED VR Display
Authors: Oh Kummi , Ko Sun-Wook , Yeon Deuk-Ho , Moon Tae-Hyoung , Park Kwon-Shik , Kim Jeom-Jae , Yoon Soo-Young
Published: June 2022

We developed the novel TFT backplane structure on glass for ultra‐high resolution (1443 ppi) AMOLED VR display. The Mixed TFT backplane based on the combination of bottom‐gate poly‐Si TFTs (BGPs) and top‐gate poly‐Si TFTs (TGPs) has solved many issues such as integrating AMOLED pixel circuit in very small area and retaining TFT characteristics on glass for AMOLED VR display.
28‐1: Invited Paper: Bottom‐Up OLED Development by Virtual Design: Systematic Elimination of Performance Bottlenecks Using a Microscopic Simulation Approach
Authors: Neumann Tobias , Symalla Franz , Strunk Timo , Feidai Artem , Kaiser Simon , Friederich Pascal , Wenzel Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

The gap between computational chemistry and parametric device simulations limits the potentially immense impact of computer models on OLED R&D. We present a review on a bottom‐up multiscale modeling approach to bridge this gap and systematically eliminate performance bottlenecks by virtual design. In several case studies we demonstrate how microscopic simulations can support experimental R&D by identifying fundamental reasons for performance bottlenecks, and by deriving strategies for their elimination.
29‐2: Invited Paper: An Ultra‐Low Power FFS LCD Using Zero‐Anchoring Interface
Authors: Asagi Hiroaki , Murata Koji , Matsumoto Kazuhito , Nishihara Yusuke , Hashimoto Yoshito , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2022

Using a novel zero‐anchoring (ZA) interface, we have realized an ultra‐low power consumption FFS LCD with low voltage drive and higher transmittance than FFS using negative liquid crystal. In addition, we have improved the response time, image sticking and other optical performance, which have been issues for zero anchoring FFS, by developing the alignment layer materials and the optimum liquid crystal materials. It is expected to be adopted in applications requiring low power consumption in the future.
29‐3: Invited Paper: Ultra‐thin Stretchable LCD Using Deformable Polarizer
Authors: Kawamura Ryo , Umemoto Toru , Takae Kosuke , Kawamidori Kazuki , Kamijo Takashi , Miwa Kazuya , Nagase Junichi , Kono Fumihiko , Ishinabe Takahiro , Shibata Yosei , Fujikake Hideo
Published: June 2022

We developed the ultra‐thin and stretchable LCD using the deformable polarizer. The LCD has substrate‐less structure formed by direct coating of silver nanowire electrode on the polarizer. The total thickness of the LCD is 23μm and it achieved excellent bending and stretching performances.
30‐1: High‐Precision High‐Resolution Measurements within Moire
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Krüger Udo , Schmidt Franz
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of single emitter‐based display technologies like OLED and μLED at modern display resolutions requires high‐resolution measurements. The typically used oversampling often negatively affect cycle times and ILMD complexity. In this contribution, we present, explain, and validate an alternative to performing high‐resolution measurements despite the Moiré phenomenon.
30‐2: Visualization and Rating of Motion Artifacts by Analyzing Asymmetric Response‐Time Behavior
Authors: Kawahara Isao
Published: June 2022

For rating motion performance visually, response time and artifacts were carefully examined. In linear system, blur was efficiently evaluated by frequency approach rather than response time. Asymmetric response times were visualized, and identified as the cause of some of device‐specific artifacts. Quick rating pattern and results are reported.
34‐6: Invited Paper: High Image Quality of 8K TV LCDs with Negative LC
Authors: Chen Dongchuan , Huang Jianhua , Shao Xibin , Liao Yanping , Wang Zhangtao , Lee Seungmin , Zhan Hongming , Guo Yuanhui , Guo Lei , Jiang Liangliang , Lin Lifeng , Qu Yingying , Wang Dan , Huang Yinhu , Gao Yujie , Wang Baoqiang
Published: June 2022

ADS display mode with positive LC mixture has been widely used in TV and other large size LCD products. After years of technical iterations, positive LC mixture have approached the material limit in terms of transmittance, contrast ratio and so on. In order to improve image quality continuously, especially for high end 8K TV products, we have developed a total negative LC (N‐LC) solution with rubbing alignment process. This total solution includes high CR negative LC material, rubbing PI material and process, and high‐transparent pixel ITO design. Based on this total solutions, TR has been increased by 30% for 8K LCDs. CR has been increased from 1400 to 2500:1 for 8K and 3000:1 for 4K LCDs. Meanwhile, this solution keep response time (RT) and reliability of image sticking (I/S) can meet the regular specifications.
39‐3: Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Resonator Constituted of Quantum Dots and Thin‐Film Resonant Cavity for High‐Efficiency Reflective Color Filter
Authors: Chen Xiaochuan , Liang Pengxia , Wu Qian , Dong Xue
Published: June 2022

When illuminated by sunlight, as‐proposed novel fluorescence enhanced optical resonator could not only reflect the specific light, but also convert absorbed energy into desired light, leading to utilization efficiency improvement of solar energy. An all‐dielectric red fluorescence enhanced optical resonator was fabricated, with peak equivalent reflectance up to 105%.
39‐4: High‐Performance MicroLED Transparent Display
Authors: Chen Liqun , Chen Haijing , Wu Tianyi , Zhou Qian
Published: June 2022

We developed a 9.38‐inch transparent Micro‐LED display with 114 PPI and 70% transmittance. The prototype display shows high transmittance and high brightness through innovative pixel design layout and film layer stacking structure.
41‐1: Invited Paper: Technical Advances in Stretchable Displays for High Pixel Density and High Stretchability
Authors: Yoon Jangyeol , Kim Sangwoo , Park Jun Hyeong , Lee Gyujeong , Shin Hosik , Lee Jiwon , Shin Dong Chul , Hong Jong-Ho , Jo Sung-Chan , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

Since unveiling the world first 9.12” stretchable AMOLED display at SID held in 2017, stretchable display technologies has been receiving great attention especially the geometrical structure and materials to increase the stretchability. Herein, we report on the latest technical advances of stretchable AMOLED display based on structurally deformable designs which are closed to requirements for the excellent deformability and the pixel density.
41‐2: Invited Paper: Active Matrix Micro‐LED Stretchable Display and Technical Challenges
Authors: Jung Haeyoon , Park Chan Il , Gee Moon Bae , Kim Myungsung , Park Weonseo , Rhee Byungjoon , Choi Yoonho , Yang Joon-Young , Kim Chang-Dong , Jung Sang Hoon , Ha Yong-Min , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we report a 13‐inch active matrix (AM) micro‐LED stretchable display, which can be stretched by up to 20% with a 72 ppi resolution. It features a unique panel de sign, including stretchable interconnects fabricated via the conventional LTPS backplane process and micro‐LED for a light emitting device. This paper will discuss methods for realizing a stretchable panel and practical problems in stretchable display engineering.
41‐4: Invited Paper: A 200 PPI Oval Shape Stretchable AMOLED Display
Authors: Wang Pinfan , Song Zunqing , Wang Bingwei , Wang Haoran , Wang Hejin , Liu Zheng , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: June 2022

We here demonstrated that a 200 PPI stretchable display can be deformed in an oval shape with radius of 50/90 mm and height of 3 mm. Besides, the relationship between the critical crack strain and modulus of different stretchable designs was verified. Based on the above research, the better module stacking for in‐plane and spherical stretching tests was further studied.
42‐4: Near‐Eye Light Field Displays with Computational Vision Correction by Manipulating Vector Sampling Rays
Authors: Qiu Yuqing , Wan Quanzhen , Wu Ziyi , Yang Wenchao , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: June 2022

This study proposes a vision‐correcting near‐eye light field display, which computationally manipulates sampling rays according to an eye's refractive error. Besides myopia and hyperopia, the proposed method can correct astigmatism and high‐order aberrations without any hardware modification. Implementation and experimental verification are provided by taking a severely astigmatic eye as an example.
43‐3: Student Paper: Enhanced External Quantum Efficiency in the Low‐Current Region Using Three Terminal GaN‐Based Blue Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Baek Woo Jin , Geum Dae-Myeong , Park Juhyuk , Kim Sang Hyeon
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate three‐tenninal micro‐light‐emitting diodes which have an additional electrode on the sidewall gate oxide to decrease sidewall leakage current of μLEDs. Throughout the study, we found the external quantum efficiency in the low current density region can be increased by applying negative bias in the sidewall gate oxide.
44‐3: High‐Performance Color MIP LCD with New Electrode Structure
Authors: Sato Takashi , Sasaki Takahiro , Hakoi Hiroyuki , Kanashima Atsuko , Maeda Seiji , Shimada Shinji , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2022

We have developed a new transflective Memory‐In‐Pixel(MIP) LCD providing good optical property and low frequency drive. To obtain high image qualities in both transmissive and reflective modes, the cell design for the transflective LCD with new electrode structure was examined. We adopted it into a prototype and successfully fabricated a 64 color MIP LCD.
46‐2: Invited Paper: Strip‐Helix‐Fiber Architecture for Stretchable TFTs and Circuits
Authors: Nathan Arokia , Yu Jun , Jiang Chen , Ma Hanbin
Published: June 2022

This paper reviews design considerations for ultralow power thin‐film transistor and amplifier circuits with high stretchability for newly emerging wearable applications. To achieve high stretchability, the device/circuit is layered on an active strip fiber that is coiled in a helical pattern around a core carrier‐fiber. This results in a helical strain of the device/circuit to below 1% despite the core carrier‐fiber being subject to an external strain of 50%. The active helical strip fiber architecture comprises a low‐voltage organic thin‐film transistor and amplifier operating in deep‐subthreshold regime. The thin film transistor and amplifier is layered entirely using inkjet printing technology. The highly stretchable amplifier has a high voltage gain of 214 V/V with subthreshold transconductance efficiency of 0. 6q/kT and ultralow power consumption of 681 pW.
47‐1: Display Outdoor Visibility Enhancement Using Adaptive Tone Mapping
Authors: Kim Seungwan , Park Deoksoo , Song Byoungju , Lee Sanghoon
Published: June 2022

In this document, we propose an image tone mapping method enhancing the image visibility in outdoor environment. The proposed method improves the outdoor visibility of the displayed image in two aspects: brightness enhancement and content adaptive contrast enhancement. From the experiment results, it is confirmed that the proposed method improves the brightness and the contrast at the same time and enhances outdoor visibility effectively even with the limited dynamic range of the display device. Compared to conventional methods, proposed method has higher flexibility and effectiveness. This method is already utilized on the mobile devices for outdoor visibility enhancement and we expect to apply it to the automotive platforms.
47‐2: Monocular Depth Perception Enhancement Based on Joint Shading/Contrast Model and Motion Parallax (JSM)
Authors: Ryu Seungchul , Yoo Hyunjin , Akhavan Tara
Published: June 2022

Stereoscopic 3D displays adopt a binocular depth cue to provide depth perception. However, users should be equipped with expensive special devices to appreciate depth perception based on the binocular depth cues. Also, visual fatigue induced by the stereoscopic display is still a challenging open problem. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel framework, JSM, to enhance monocular depth perception, significantly improving both depth volume perception and depth range perception. The proposed framework can not only provide an enhanced depth perception on any conventional 2D display devices, but also it can be applicable to the 3D display devices since it is complimentary for binocular depth cues. The qualitative evaluation, ablation study, and subjective user evaluation proved the advantages and practicability of the proposed framework.
48‐2: Invited Paper: Advanced LTPO Technology for CMOS Driving
Authors: Moon Kook Chul , Im Hwarim , Hong Sara , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2022

A new advanced low×temperature polysilicon oxide semiconductor (LTPO) technology is proposed to realize CMOS×driven activematrix organic light×emitting diode (AMOLED). The advanced LTPO technology can be used in various applications by entirely CMOS×driven circuit operation, compared to the conventional one. It can reduce power consumption and the number of channels in a driver IC. We should solve technical issues related to metal×oxide thin×film transistors (TFTs), such as depletion×mode operation and relatively low carrier mobility, to realize the advanced LTPO technology. Herein, we investigated the advantages of advanced LTPO technology and the requirements of oxide TFTs for advanced LTPO based on a 10×inch QHD display simulation.
49‐1: Distinguished Student Paper: Gaze Matched Pupil Steering Maxwellian‐view Augmented Reality Display
Authors: Zou Junyu , Li Lingshan , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a gaze‐matched Maxwellian‐view augmented reality (AR) system with an enlarged eyebox. Such an AR system exhibits several attractive features for practical applications, including aberration‐free, high optical efficiency, highly transparent for ambient light, relatively large field of view, compact size, and lightweight.
50‐2: Invited Paper: Why Does the Road to High Volume Production of Micro‐LED Displays Pass Through the Semiconductors Industry?
Authors: Hussein Makarem A. , Elsayed Nabil
Published: June 2022

The applications and economics for micro‐LED based displays require micro‐LEDs with critical dimension (CD) below 20 microns, with continuous push towards sub 5 microns regime. In this work, the implications of such requirement on the manufacturing and massive parallel transfer ofmicro‐LEDs are discussed from a process engineering perspective. Any high volume manufacturing (HVM)‐compatible massive transfer process must ‐at least‐ tolerate ± 10% variability (3σ) in microLED CD and height. It is inevitable that the display industry will leverage the learnings and methodologies best known in the semiconductors industry for process control, defect and yield management for HVM.
53‐1: The foldable display architecture technique depending on the wide temperature range and the folding curvature
Authors: Lee Min-Ho , Jang Se-jin , Hwang Byoung-Har , Kwak Tae-hyoung , Kim Jeom-Jae , Yoon SooYoung
Published: June 2022

In order to preserve the foldability of foldable display module (FDM) under a various folding environment such as temperature or folding radius, it needs an accurate architecture technique of FDM. Especially, the define of Optical Clear Adhesive(OCA) properties is very serious issue on FDM and it might be impossible to correctly simulate the OCA behaviors with various folding environment. Furthermore, the OCA properties are main key factor to architect the stable FDM because OCA is more sensitively reacted with changing of folding environment than the other film material. In this work, we first analyze the strain‐stress distribution of FDM and then we investigate the proper OCA properties based on the simulation results. As a result, we suggest a foldable display architecture technique depending on various folding environment.
54‐1: Invited Paper: AR in an Automobile: 3D AR‐HUD
Authors: Jeong Eunyoung , Jeon Junho , Kim Sujung , Cha Jae Won
Published: June 2022

Augmented reality (AR) is becoming more useful for head‐up displays (HUDs) through the advantage of realistic visual information. However, due to the lack of consistency with the environment, current HUDs do not reflect the real environment and deliver only simple information. We have developed a natural 3D AR HUD, AHEAD, through HD maps, visual localization, and 3D perspective optical technology. Accordingly, AHEAD allows the driver to effortlessly identify virtual images as if they exist in the actual driving space.
55‐1: Deposition of Conductive and Insulating Materials at Micrometer Scale for Display‐Component Prototyping
Authors: Łysien Mateusz , Witczak Łukasz , Gadzalińska Jolanta , Grądzka-Kurzaj Iwona , Schneider Ludovic , Wiatrowska Aneta , Fiączyk Karolina , Kowalczewski Piotr , Granek Filip
Published: June 2022

Ultra‐Precise Deposition (UPD) is an additive manufacturing process for fabricating conductive and non‐conductive features at micrometer scale. The method is compatible with a wide range of materials, which makes it particularly suitable for rapid prototyping of high‐resolution displays and its components. In this contribution we will discuss the means to control the process and give a number of examples that can be considered as building blocks for display‐component prototyping, making the process more productive and cost‐efficient. We consider materials based on silver, copper, and gold, as well as photoresists.
55‐2: Roll‐to‐Plate Nanoimprint Lithography as Etching Mask Creating Large‐Area Structured Surfaces
Authors: ter Meulen Jan Matthijs , Veldhuizen L.W. (Pim) , van der Heijden Danielle A.C. , Ercan Erhan , Titulaer Bram J.F.
Published: June 2022

This paper explains how large area Roll‐to‐Plate (R2P) Nanoimprinting is combined with Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) to address the emerging needs of a variety of demanding products. In this process sequence, the scalable R2P imprint process is used to apply a structured mask to the functional surface. In a subsequent etching step the texture is transferred into the layer underneath. Using nanoimprinting and dry‐etching in combination is a powerful method for creating large‐area metal structured surfaces or optical structures in glass while improving mechanical durability and optical clarity at reduced costs and in larger volumes.
59‐3: A Thin, Transparent Encapsulation Film with Excellent Gap‐filling Performance for Ultra‐High‐Resolution OLEDs via Vapor‐phase Deposited Polymeric Layer
Authors: Roh Byeong Gyu , Kim Han II , Park Seung Chul , Baek Ji Ho , Park Yong Cheon , Kim Youson , Gap Im Sung
Published: June 2022

A thin polymer film was developed by vapor‐phase deposition method, termed initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) that can replace the inkjet process. The thin polymer film was integrated together with the PECVD SiNx layers to form a high performance thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer for ultra‐high resolution OLEDs, featured by excellent gap‐filling properties, full transparency in whole visible light region, and minimal shadow effect.
64‐3: Patterned Glass Diffuser for MiniLED Count Reduction
Authors: Mi Xiang-Dong , Li Donglei , Gao Jie , Xu Xiaofei , Sun Haiwei , Jia Lily , Han Songfeng , Li Chengshuai , Allen Kirk R , Yi Wei , Chen Kaihui , Lamacchia James F , Elvenia Elfren , Ouyang Michael X , Niu Tzu-Ling , Du Guanglei , Schreiber Horst
Published: June 2022

We report our progress on a monitor‐sized, dimensionally and thermally stable mini‐LED backlight enabled by a patterned glass diffuser (PGD). Our backlight uses 5,000+ fewer mini‐LEDs per monitor — 4/9 times that in a reference mini‐LED backlight relying on a thicker diffuser plate, while it is thinner and achieves similar uniformity and luminance compared to the reference mini‐LED backlight.
67‐1: Comparison of In‐folding and Out‐folding Stress on Electrical Performance of Poly‐Si TFTs on Polyimide Substrate for Foldable AMOLED Display
Authors: Billah Mohammad Masum , Siddik Abu Bakar , Kim Dongjin , Lee Suhui , Cho Young Jo , Rabbi Md Hasnat , Jang Jin
Published: June 2022

A comparison between cyclic out‐folding and in‐folding strain on flexible poly‐Si TFTs for foldable AMOLED display is reported. TFT under out‐folding stress exhibits severe degradation including positive threshold voltage (VTh) shift with unstable drain current (ID) than in‐folding, which is related to defect‐generation at poly‐Si grain‐boundary and justified using TCAD simulation. Stable low leakage current (<1 pA) after 30,000 mechanical folding cycles confirms the defect formation within poly‐Si and grain boundary protrusions. Electrical performance recovery using vacuum annealing after folding stress verifies the origin of electrical degradation as metastable traps generation.
73‐1: Invited Paper: Decoration Strategy in Para Boron Position: An Effective Way to Achieve Ideal Multi‐Resonance Emitters
Authors: Duan Lian
Published: June 2022

Narrowband, full‐color, and quenching‐resistant emitters are urgently needed for the next generation high‐resolution displays. Though the flourishment of narrowband multiple resonance (MR) emitters in blue region, these materials still face thorny challenges such as effective light‐color regulation strategies and concentration‐induced spectral broadening/emission quenching. Herein, we highlight the research status of an effective "decoration strategy for para B position". On one hand, the introduction of an electron donor or acceptor could induce a hypochromatic‐ or bathochromic‐shift emission respectively without undesirable FWHM broadening. On the other hand, a more advanced molecular motif is further proposed through adopting a peripheral benzene ring on the para position of the B‐substituted phenyl in MR core to construct the high‐purity, highefficiency, quenching‐resistant and stable MR emitters. Such concept is expected to provide a possible way for the modification, optimization and expansion of MR emitters to meet more possible applications.
74‐3: Invited Paper: Getting Thinner and Thinner with a New Flexible Platform – Challenges and Solutions for Flexible Displays
Authors: Song Dong-mee , Gracia Eduardo Beltran , Schroth Dieter , Yamamoto Atsuko
Published: June 2022

Flexible and foldable or even stretchable OLED displays entering the market and are expected to grow 50% or more. This is requiring the display panel to become thinner and thinner while maintaining the robustness and reliability. This challenges existing material systems and require optimizing the whole system and not just individual layers. We are developing multiple solutions for cover film, encapsulation, and other leveraging expertise from our semiconductor technologies. Challenges to reach a combination of glass and rubber performance using Ultra‐Thin Glass (UTG), PET, Colorless PI (CPI), … in combination with hardcoat solutions and state‐of‐the‐art performance of hardcoat‐solutions will be discussed.
75‐2: The Effect of Chromatic Aberration Correction on Visually Lossless Compression
Authors: Mohona Sanjida Sharmin , Au Domenic , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S.
Published: June 2022

In augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), magnifying display lenses typically introduce pincushion distortion and transverse chromatic aberration. These distortions are corrected by pre‐processing, one side‐effect of which is disruption of the spatial correlation between color channels. As a result, the standard practice of performing color space conversion prior to image compression may introduce undesirable, visible artefacts. To assess this, we evaluated the performance of two low impairment display stream codecs on distortion corrected stereoscopic images based on converting to YCoCg color space or bypassing the color conversion.
75‐4: Low Luminance JND and JNCD
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim TaeHo , Yun Youngnam
Published: June 2022

As demands for display uniformity at very low luminance are increasing, the importance of accurate JND and JNCD as display quality standard is growing. Perceptional experiments to find out JND and JNCD at a very low luminance level were carried out and the color and luminance difference values at which 50% of people noticed were obtained, which were not accessible in the past.
P‐4: A New Evaluation System for Metal‐Oxide Compound Semiconductor Film
Authors: Moon Kook Chul , Kim Won-Young , Na JungUn , Kim Hyoungsik , Yoon GyoHyuk , Chang Yeoungjin , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2022

A new method and system to measure Metal‐Oxide compound semiconductor (MOx) film have been developed. The new evaluation system can extract electrical characteristics of MOx‐based TFT (Thin Film Transistor) such as carrier mobility and threshold voltage (VTH) without additional patterned electrodes. The concept of the new method is similar to measuring 3‐terminal‐bottom gate TFT. This new method can provide in‐situ monitoring data of MOx film to help yield improvement of MOx‐based TFT applications.
P‐14: Effects of Film Density on IGZO Based TFT Device Reliability
Authors: Park Jaeyoon , Kim Yong-Sung , Baeck Ju-Heyuck , Park Sehee , Seo Jungseok , Noh Jiyong , Park Kwon-Shik , Kim JeomJae , Yoon SooYoung
Published: June 2022

Density effects of IGZO films were studied based on DFT calculations, and the electrical and physical properties between the high‐density film and the conventional film were compared. As the density increased, the carrier concentration, hole mobility, and the optical energy band gap of the IGZO film increased. Additionally, micro‐pore defects were not observed in the high‐density film unlike the conventional film through HR‐TEM cross‐sectional analysis. Also, we fabricated coplanar TFT devices with different density IGZO films and conducted PBTS and NBTiS reliability tests. The device with high‐density IGZO film was showed superior reliability characteristics
P‐18: Student Poster: Low Voltage Oxide Transistor with High Dielectric Tantalum Oxide Gate Insulator by Thermal Oxidation of Tantalum
Authors: Yu Eun Seong , Kang Seo Jin , Lee Hyuck Su , Woo Jae Geun , Lee Jong Mo , Bae Byung Seong
Published: June 2022

Low voltage oxide thin film transistor (TFT) was developed using high dielectric gate insulator by thermal oxidation of tantalum metal. Thermal oxidation was carried out after deposition of tantalum layer by sputtering. Thermal grown tantalum oxide was analyzed by HR‐TEM and XPS. Through XPS analysis, it was confirmed that the binding energy of Ta4f indicates the formation of tantalum oxide. And the clear O1s peak has good Ta‐O bond. The transfer characteristic of the developed oxide transistor showed mobilities over 10 cm2/V·s and the inverter circuit operating below 1 V was achieved.
P‐27: A Novel PWM Driving Pixel Circuit with Metal‐Oxide TFTs for MicroLED Displays
Authors: Jen Ko-Ruey , Chen Yi-Chien , Chang Yu-Ching , Fan Yang-Shun , Huang Chen-Shuo , Tang Ying-Hsuan , Chiang Chia-Wei , Huang Po-Jui , Lim Kai-Chuin , Chen Chih-Cheng , Chen Yung-Chih , Chen Kuo-Kuang
Published: June 2022

A pixel circuit for micro‐LED display has been developed with IGZO TFT device. By using pulse width modulation method, the pixel circuit can operate at high peak current and low duty ratio to keep micro‐LED at high emission efficiency and stable color performance.
P‐28: Development of Low‐Resistivity Gate‐Metal Process for LTPS‐TFT‐Array Backplane Applications
Authors: Ye Jia-Hong , Huang Ching-Liang , Huang Kuo-Yu , Chen Maw-Song , Guo Wen-Rei , Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Yang-An
Published: June 2022

We fabricated and characterized Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline‐Silicon Thin‐Film Transistors (LTPS TFTs) with low resistivity gate metal on a glass substrate, which can be applied to high refresh driving products. And the technology has been integrated to a gaming‐laptops liquid crystal display and demonstrated. This new LTPS TFTs backplane technology is promising integration for various displays, such as current driving like displays and LCD display.
P‐137: High Performance Coplanar IGZO TFT Image Sensor with Partial Passivation‐less Structure for Digital X‐ray Detector
Authors: Yoon Jaeho , Kim Soyoung , Kang Moon-Soo , Shin Chul-Sang , Jeong Hoon , Park Kwon-Shik , Park Jeong-Ki , Choi Hyung-Seok
Published: June 2022

Recently, digital X‐ray detector (DXD) technology is needed to implement high‐resolution and high‐definition images, and low‐dose exposure of X‐ray imaging systems. This technology requires the IGZO TFT structure with better mobility and lower leakage current than the a‐Si backplane. In order to supplement stability and improve PIN diode (photodiode) performance, when SiNx‐based insulating layers and thick photodiodes are applied, continuous damage due to high concentration impurities occurs in the plasma environment, and thus the threshold voltage (Vth) shift problem of the IGZO TFT transistor occurs. To solve this problem, a high performance partial passivation‐less structure (PPLS) was applied to prevent damage using 43×43 centimeter flat panel X‐ray detector, and we investigated the improvement of the IGZO TFT characteristics. Before PIN diode deposition, Vth was +0.24V and after PIN diode & SiNx deposition, it moved slightly to Vth ‐0.17V, but the same characteristics as initial performance were guaranteed after TFT was completed.
P‐34: Automotive Local dimming Integrated System for LCD MDL
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Dong Xiaoqiao , Yu Jie , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Cui Dong , Yoon D.K. , Zhang Yicai , Cai Site , Qiao Xuanxuan
Published: June 2022

BOE has developed a 12.3‐inch on‐board display module that integrated local dimming driving system and algorithm. It can achieve high image quality, ultra‐high contrast and low power consumption under the vehicle UI interface. Meanwhile, it has passed the reliability test of vehicle LCD module, and can be applied directly to vehicle display to provide users safer and better driving experiences.
P‐144: The Effect of the Reference Image on the Side Window of the Car of Motion Sickness
Authors: Li Chien-Ju , Lien Hen-Yu , Tu Chia-Hsun , Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Chang Ya-Ju , Chen Kuan-Ting
Published: June 2022

The fusion information on the side window of the car may cause the passenger's motion sickness as moving. This motion sickness mixed the visual‐induced and caused by riding a vehicle. In this research, we propose a method of the reference image to solve reduce motion sickness and used the MSSQ‐short to judge motion sickness degree.
P‐38: Low‐Power a‐IGZO TFT Shift Register Featuring i‐PUA Gate Dielectric
Authors: Yun Eseudeo , Kim Yongchan , Choi Hanbin , Choi Dukhyun , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a low‐power shift register circuit based on coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs using photo‐patternable micron‐sized i‐PUA is proposed for next‐generation display. We confirmed that the fabricated shift register circuit consisting of six coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs and one capacitor successfully operates with low‐power driving within 3 V at various frequencies.
P‐55: Development of Photosensitive Material for Mini/MicroLED Displays
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihito , Inoue Kazuki , Takahashi Yasunori
Published: June 2022

We developed photosensitive material for Mini/Micro LED display. The material is negative tone type and alkaline developable. Minimum resolution of the material is 10 μm with 10 μm thickness, and taper angle is approximately 80°. The material has high transparency and good heat resistance. Transparency of 10 μm thickness cured film is more than 90% at 400 nm, Tg of cured film is over 250°C. And the material has durability against blue light (405 nm). After radiation of blue light at 50°C for 400 hrs, the material has no transparency loss and no film thickness loss.
P‐142: Cost of Operation Reduction and Performance Improvement of Crystallized a‐Si Backplanes for OLED‐Displays by Solid‐State‐Laser Annealing (SLA)
Authors: Geburt Sebastian , Richter Johannes , Mueller Ralf , Kahlert Hans-Juergen
Published: June 2022

We report on Line Beam Optics operated by multiplexing of high power pulsed 343nm solid state lasers for crystallization of a‐Si films on OLED backplanes. Specific properties of the optical system are described. The temporal polarization control and pulse duration setting improves the uniformity of the crystallized a‐Si film. The CoO (cost of ownership) reduction compared to the current ELA‐process is obtained by using diode‐pumped solid lasers which offer low maintenance, long lasting third harmonic optics and operation by electrical power, water cooling and purge air only.
P‐90: Boosting the Efficiency of Cd‐Free Blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes via Charge Transport Layer Optimization
Authors: Jiang Maocheng , Feng Jingwen , Wang Tieshi , Zhang Yuanming , Li Dong , Chen Zhuo , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Zhou Li , Pei Chen , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: June 2022

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) show great potential in the display and solid‐state lighting fields. However, the more mature cadmium‐based quantum dots and perovskite nanocrystals contain elements such as cadmium and lead, which pose a greater threat to the environment and human health and limit their larger‐scale applications. Therefore, Cd‐free quantum dots and its electroluminescent devices show greater potential. At present, the research of red and green QLEDs is progressing rapidly, while Cd‐free blue QLEDs are less reported, and the performance of the device is obviously lagging behind. Based on the above considerations, we optimized the thickness of the electron transport layer (ETL) and selected a more suitable hole transport materials (HTM) to make the carrier injection and transport more balanced, and finally obtained Cd‐free blue QLEDs with a high EQE up to 6.18%.
P‐93: Development of Flexible display for a Pen‐drop Function
Authors: DU Shuang , CAI Baoming , LI Zhao , LIU Zhengdao , Zhang Song , SHI Shiming , XIE Chunyan , LUO Xiaofei , Liu Yunjin
Published: June 2022

Folding screen as the display benchmark of the new era, provide consumers with great portability as the size of diversified changes. at the same time, due to the need to meet the folding characteristics, the flexible material in the screen replaced the original rigid material, thus the hidden trouble caused by the flexible material also appeared. Among them, the cover plate materials led by CPI and PET are the preferred materials for folding screens. Due to the low rigidity of polymer material, it has good flexible folding and poor impact resistance. BOE has done research on improving the pen drop characteristics of flexible folding screen.
P‐101: Self‐Capacitive Ring Like Touch Sensor Design and Algorithm for OLED On‐Cell Touch Panel
Authors: Lin Yi-Ying , Lai Chih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chung
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the self‐capacitive ring like touch sensor design and algorithm for OLED on‐cell touch panel is proposed by rearranging the touch sensor pad, and using hybrid algorithm to calculate touch position. Base on ring like touch sensor design and hybrid algorithm, we can improve the touch accuracy of ring region and realize sliding function on smart watch edge without real rotating bezel mechanical parts.
P‐121: CNN Based Edge Preserve Segmentation for FIB, TEM Image Analysis
Authors: Kim Seokkwon , Jeong Taeseok , Shin Ok-im , Shin Kyounghun , Jo Junghoon , Baek Seungin , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

As consumers are increasingly exposed to numerous products equipped with displays in everyday life, they are expecting more various types of displays. In order to meet this demands, it is required to improve rapid product development and secure stable production capacity, which causes analytic work on product to be intensely increasing. However, measurement of the product for Analysis Engineering is to be done by human power, which is costly and time consuming. With this kind of measuring process, measurement values may vary depending on the individual or by human error, which makes consistency of measurement difficult. So as to eliminate these simple repetitive tasks and to improve consistency of measurement, an automatic measuring system for structure analysis is required. In this paper, we propose the automatic measuring system and the model for the system.
P‐123: Study for Correlation Between Solution Processed OLED Performances and Film Profile
Authors: Yoo Insun , Youn Jun Ho , Baek HeumeIl , Bae HyoDae
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a device simulation method that quantitatively represents the film profile characteristics. We simulated device characteristics according to pile‐up size and quantitatively confirmed relationship between film profile and device performance. We checked the device characteristics by changing the ratio of the pile‐up area to the planar area in units of pixels and changing the pile‐up stacking thickness. As a result, when ratio of the flat area in active area is 80% or more and the thickness difference is less than 10%, we obtained device efficiency of 90% and more compared to the ideal device (perfectly flat device) for red, green and blue devices. We could also confirm the reliability of the simulation method through device fabrication. And we expect that this study can contribute to improving the characteristics of the panel and device of solution processed OLED.
P‐125: Investigation of Mechanisms to Enhance Efficiency and Lifetime of Blue Organic‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Song Wenfeng , You Juanjuan , Wu Chang-Yen , Wang Linlin , Shen Yongqi , Bo Bin , Quan Wei , Yu Donghui , Shih Huai-Ting , Wu Zhongyuan , Yu Jianwei
Published: June 2022

A series of bottom‐emitting Blue OLEDs with an optimal efficiency and lifetime are successfully fabricated by introducing different electrical material combinations. Distinct EQE‐Current density performance are analyzed and validated by the transient EL response, which reveal the Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation (TTA) impact differently. Overall, an efficiency‐lifetime‐trade‐off have been obtained, with 60% Lifetime promotion, 3% EQE decline and 6% voltage rise. The investigation of mechanism and experimental validation provide a method in long‐lifetime and high‐efficiency device design.
P‐134: Detection of Ion Impurities in Organic Thin Films by Displacement‐Current Measurement Method
Authors: Iwata Takuro , Inoue Masaru , Oyabu Noriaki , Ohdaira Keisuke , Murata Hideyuki
Published: June 2022

In this study, we have succeeded in detecting the amount of ions in the thin films of organic materials for OLED fabricated by vacuum deposition using the displacement current measurement (DCM). We could quantitatively evaluate the decrease of ionic impurities by the purification of organic materials. This method can be applied to the evaluation of the purity of organic materials for OLED.
P‐135: New Hole‐Transport Materials Composed of Indenocarbazole‐Based Copolymer for Ultra‐High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed OLED
Authors: Le Thi Na , Kim Haechan , Lee Jihoon , Suh Min Chul
Published: June 2022

New hole transport indenocarbazole based copolymers, KHU‐HTL1 and KHU‐HTL2, were found to have good solubility, intermediate HOMO levels, especially good charge transport properties due to low hole reorganization energy. Subsequently, the device with KHU‐HTL1 showed a maximum current efficiency up to 100.4 cd/A. To the best of our knowledge, the efficiency value we achieved from the solution processed green phosphorescent OLEDs with this material is one of the best efficiency realized from solution‐processed OLED.
Magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain volumes across the EXPEDITION trials in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Svaldi Diana Otero , Higgins Ixavier A. , Holdridge Karen C. , Yaari Roy , Case Michael , Bracoud Luc , Scott David , Shcherbinin Sergey , Sims John R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Solanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that preferentially binds soluble amyloid beta and promotes its clearance from the brain. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess the effect of low‐dose solanezumab (400 mg) on global brain volume measures in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia quantified using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (vMRI) data from the EXPEDITION clinical trial program.

Methods

Patients with mild or moderate AD (EXPEDITION and EXPEDITION2) and mild AD (EXPEDITION3), were treated with either placebo or solanezumab (400 mg) every 4 weeks (Q4W) for 76 weeks. vMRI scans were acquired at baseline and at 80 weeks from 427 MRI facilities using a standardized imaging protocol. Whole brain volume (WBV) and ventricle volume (VV) changes were estimated at 80 weeks using either boundary shift integral (EXPEDITION and EXPEDITION2) or tensor‐based morphometry (EXPEDITION3).

Results

The pooled cohort used for this study consisted of participants with vMRI at baseline and week 80 across the three trials. Analyzed patient subgroups comprised full patient cohort (N = 2933), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ carriers (N = 1835), and patients with mild (N = 2497) or moderate AD dementia (N = 428). No significant effect (all P‐values ≥.05) of treatment was observed in the pooled sample, individual trials, or subgroups of patients with mild or moderate AD or APOE ε4 carriers, in either WBV or VV change.

Discussion

Analysis of patients with mild or moderate AD dementia from baseline to 80 weeks using vMRI measures of WBV and VV changes suggested that low‐dose solanezumab was not linked to changes in volumes at 80 weeks. Analysis of the pooled cohort did not demonstrate an effect on brain volumes with treatment. Evaluation of a higher dose of solanezumab in the preclinical stage of AD is currently being undertaken.