bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LEAD AND GASTRIC MUCOSAL PROTEIN OF RATS WITH FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY APPROACH
Authors: Aflanie Iwan , Thalib Iskandar , Suhartono Eko
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Recently, forensic toxicology has been an interesting concern, especially in exposing the phenomena associated with the law. Using the forensic toxicology approach, several cases of lead (Pb) poisoning have been widely revealed. In this present study will be investigate the interaction between Pb and amino acid gastric mucosal constituent proteins, especially cysteine and tyrosine groups. This research is a pure experimental research with posttest control group design, which is divided into 4 groups with 6 rats (Rattus novergicus) in each group. Treatment in each group as follows; P0 was control group were given 2 ml of distilled water; P1 = administration of Pb 0.1 g/L; P2 = Pb administration of 1 mg/L; and P3 = Pb administration of 10 g/L for 4 weeks repectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that Pb-Protein interaction tends to binding of Pb-Cysteine rather than Pb-Tyrosine Keywords: Gastric Mucosa, Lead, Protein
EFFECT OF WARM WATER COMPRESS THERAPY ON THE INCIDENCE OF HYPEREMIA IN PHLEBITIS PATIENTS AT THE INPATIENT WARD OF BRIGJEND H. HASAN BASRI GENERAL HOSPITAL KANDANGAN
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Rahman Topan Aditya , Salmarini Desilestia Dwi
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of warm water compress therapy on the incidence of hyperemia in 40 patients with phlebitis at the Inpatient Installation of H. Hasan Basry General Hospital Kandangan. Research method used quasi-experimental with two group; control and intervention. The control group was untreated phlebitis, while the intervention group was a phlebitis patient treated with warm water compresses. Data collection was collected by measuring the redness diameter before and after warm compress therapy. The result showed that the mean of intervention group diameter before treatment 49.3 mm and after treatment 40.2 mm. The mean diameter of control group before treatment 48.1 mm and after treatment 46.4 mm. The mean diameter of intervention group was decreased 9.1 mm and 1.7 mm in the control group. Statistically result test show that there was a significant difference of mean hyperemia diameter between intervention and control group (p<0.05). Statistically result test also shows that there was a significant difference of mean hyperemia between pre- and post-treatment with warm water (p<0.05). It was concluded that the warm compress therapy could decreased the incidence of hyperemia in phlebitis patients.  Keywords: Hyperemia, Phlebitis, Warm Compress Therapy
EFFECT OF CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON INCREASING RISK OF DIABETES MELITUS THROUGH THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND LIVER GLUCOKINASE ACTIVITY IN RATS
Authors: Thalib Iskandar , Budianto Windy Yuliana , Suhartono Eko
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) exposure on an increasing risk of Diabetes Melitus (DM), through the measurement of blood glucose level and liver glucokinase activity in rats. The subjects that used in this study are 15 male rats (Rattus novergicus) with normal activity, 2-3 months old, and weighing 300±10 gram. The research subjects the divided into 3 groups; P0 group are given commercial fed rats diets only; P1 are given commercial fed rats + Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 1 day (acute); and P2 are given commercial fed rats+Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 4 weeks (subacute). The results of this present study shows that treatment with Cd significantly increase the levels of blood glucose (P < 0,05). The result also showed that treatment with Cd can increase the Km value of liver glucokinase, and it means Cd exposure can decrease the affinity between glucose and glucokinase. The present study demonstrated that Cd exposure could increase the risk of DM through increased the blood glucose and decrease the activity of liver glucokinase. Keywords: Cadmium, glucose metabolism, glucose, glucokinase
HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY AND RECOVERY TIME OF PROPOFOL AND SEVOFLURANE IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Lesiana Rina , Sikumbang Kenanga Marwan , Istiana Istiana , Susianto Oky , Wydiamala Erida
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The main interest in general anesthesia is safety and the well being of the patient especially the stability of hemodynamic during induction until extubation. The most common causes of prolonging awakening are residual effects of drugs either anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics. This study aimed to compare hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This was an observational analytic study conducted in July until November 2016 on 31 patients. The result showed that mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate for 90 minutes maintenance were no significant difference in group-A (propofol) compare with group-B (sevoflurane), post hoc Bonferroni test showing p>0.05. Mean recovery time to consciousness was faster in group-A (10,46 minutes) than group-B (15,59 minutes), there was no significant difference in two group. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane. Keywords: hemodynamic stability, recovery time, propofol, sevoflurane.
Klebsiella pneumoniae IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCING EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE (ESBL) AND RESISTANCE PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Mayasari Ayudiah Puspita
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) can synthesize beta lactamase enzymes that have the ability to open lactam beta rings and cause resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin, third generation cephalosporins namely cefotaxim, ceftazidim, ceftriaxone and monobactam groups such as aztreonam. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is a plasmid enzyme that mediates the occurrence of hydrolysis and inactivation of beta lactam antibiotics. Infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria become a serious problem for hospitals worldwide. ESBL isolate susceptibility tests against antibiotics are required to provide a sensitivity pattern that can be used as a reference in more rational antibiotic selection. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of ESBL group K. pneumoniae and antibiotic resistance pattern at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. The method of this research used secondary data material in the form of reporting document of antibiotic sensitivity test result that isolation and identification using VITEK 2, and then be analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The culture examination toward 50 patients in the Dahlia ward, Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin was taken from January until May 2017, with the results arefrom 24 data Staphylococius aureus (S.aureus) isolate, more than half of it are ESBL group (54.16%). The results of sensitivity test of K.Pneumoniae of ESBLpositive to antibiotic group were found to be antibiotics that still have> 90% sensitive were meropenem (100%), amikacin (100%), tigecycline (92,85%), ertapenem (92,86%). The antibiotics with resistance> 50% was found in ampicillin antibiotics (100%), ceftriaxone (78.5%), ceftazidime (64.28%), cefepime (57.14%) and aztreonam (71.4%). As for ESBL negative results obtained sensitive> 90% for all antibiotics except ampicillin, ampicillin / sulbactam, and nitrofurantoin. Meropenem (100%), amikacin (100%), tigecycline (92.85%), ertapenem (92.86%) are antibiotic choices that are still sensitive to ESBL infection Keywords: antibiotic resistance, ESBL pattern, Vitek 2
TIME OF DIABETIC ULCER FOOT SUFFERING AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Puteri Rizka Dwi , Darwis Yulizar , Heriyani Farida
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcers are one kind of chronic complication of diabetes mellitus in the form of an open wound on the skin’s surface and may be accompanied by local tissue death.  Long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers with physical and psychological changes may cause symptoms of depression. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers and symptoms of depression in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional method. The samples were taken from systematic random sampling which resulted in 50 samples. Data was collected by interviewing samples with basic data questions to determine long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire to determine symptoms of depression. The data was analyzed by using chi square with 95% significance level. The results were 36 samples suffered for ≤8 weeks and 14 samples suffered for >8 weeks, meanwhile 31 samples with symptoms of depression and 19 samples without symptoms of depression. The result of statistic test found p value =0,002. In conclusion, there is a correlation between long term suffering diabetic foot ulcers and symptoms of depression in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin.   Keywords: long term suffering, diabetic foot ulcers, symptoms of depression, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
EFFECT OF LENGTH OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES PERIOD TOWARD APGAR SCORE OF THE INFANT AND MATERNAL LEUKOCYTE SERUM IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Salan Yosef Dwi Cahyadi
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition of rupture of membranes before the birth takes place. The incidence of PROM varies from 3% to 10% of all births and complicates more than 3% of pregnancies with PROM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the length of the PROM period toward the APGAR score of the infant and maternal leukocyte serum. The research design was analytic observational with retrospective cohort approach. From the result we found a correlation between PROM period with outcome of infant’s APGAR score, there were a total of 89 samples fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with 57 samples of PROM<12 hours (51 with good APGAR score and 6 with bad APGAR score) and 32 samples PROM> 12 hours (16 with good APGAR score, and 16 with bad APGAR score). From the result of the correlation of leukocyte level with the length of PROM period was found total of 84 samples fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with 54 samples of PROM<12 hours (53 with normal leukocyte score and 1 with leukocytosis score) and 30 samples PROM> 12 hours (28 with normal leukocyte score, and 2 with leukocytosis score). From the analysis results we obtained a strong relationship between the length of PROM period with the infant’s APGAR (P = 0.0001, OR 8.5), whereas in the relationship between the length of PROM period with maternal blood leukocyte level there is no significant relationship (p= 0,599).  Keywords: Premature Rupture of Membranes, APGAR, Leukocyte Serum
POTENTIAL ETHANOL OF Carica papaya L. EXTRACT AS IMMUNOMODULATORY THROUGH HISTOLOGY OBSERVATION AT MICE BALB/C SPLEEN
Authors: Tasminatun Sri , Pravitasari Ria , Makiyah SN. Nurul
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The diameter of the alba pulp of the spleen will be enlarged, when the body responds to allergens by increasing the activity of the immune system. Papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) containing flavonoid that can be as an immunomodulator. This study aims to determine the effect of C. papaya extract to the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen of Ovalbumin (OVA) induced Balb/C mice. The research design was experimental in vivo animal test with post-test only control group design. Thirty male Balb/C mice, ±20grams weight, 8 weeks old, divided into six groups consists of a normal control, negative control, Methylprednisolone, and C. papaya extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day). The extract and Methylprednisolone are given for 28 days, while OVA is given on 15thand 22ndday (intraperitoneal,) and 23rd until 28thday (peroral). On the 29thday the mice are sacrificed and the duodenum was made into histological preparation with HE staining. The immunomodulator effect is assessed by the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen under a light microscope. The data were analyzed using SPSS15 with one way ANOVA continued with Tukey test. The average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen for control group is 10,165 ± 0,195; negative control group is 30,357 ± 0,826; methylprednisolone group is 10,220 ± 0,346; 175mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,956 ± 1,057; 350mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,030 ± 0,667; and 700mg/kgbb dose extract is 12,504 ± 0,729. The conclusion of this study is Carica papaya L. extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day) has an effect to the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen in OVA-induced Balb/C mice significantly. 700mg/kg dose per day has the same effect with the methylprednisolone group. Keywords: immunomodulator, Carica papaya L., alba pulp of the spleen, ovalbumin
THE EFFECT OF Trichuris muris EGG ON THE GOBLET CELLS IN INTESTINE OF MICE (MUS MUCULUS)
Authors: Ulfadila Lulu Hasna , Husairi Ahmad , Istiana Istiana
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Goblet cells are the immune response in the intestinal epithelium to produce mucus as a defense digestive tract mucosa caused by Trichuris muris infestation. The study purpose was to analyze the effect Trichuris muris towards goblet cells number in mice’s intestine. This research was a true experimental with the posttest control group design. The subjects were 30 male mice types BALB / c which 2 months old with an average weight 20-30 gram. Samples were taken by simple random sampling. Mice divided into a control group, low-dose group (40 worm eggs) and high-dose groups (200 worm eggs) observed for 30 days and then counted the goblet cells number in each preparation. The data analysis was tested by shapiro wilk test and one-way ANOVA and continued by post hoc test. The results demostrated the average value of the goblet cells number in the control group, low-dose and high dose increased by higher dose worm eggs and had the value (p =< 0.05). This described there were Trichuris muris’s eggs inflluence towards the goblet cells number in mice (Mus musculus). Keywords: Trichuris muris,  mice (Mus musculus), goblet cells in intestinum
ANTI-NICOTINE VACCINES: NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR SMOKERS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Authors: Riska Marsheilla
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) become a global problem in the world. The increasing number of smokers in the world also led to significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to COPD. Many attempts were made, ranging from government policy that prohibits smoking in public places, to pharmacological therapy, and psychotherapy for smokers. However, often there is a failure to quit smoking. Dependence on nicotine is an important factor that causes someone failed to stop smoking. As for the pharmacological therapy is currently widely used to intervene in nicotine dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. However, existing therapies have not given satisfactory results in reducing smoking rates and the number of COPD significantly. Therefore, the anti-nicotine vaccine that is currently in development and research, such as NicVAX, NIC002, TA-NIC, and SEL-068, become a new perspective for smokers to stop smoking and prevent long term recurrence. Keywords: nicotine, anti-nicotine, smoking, COPD
Potency of Swallow Nest Extract (Collocalia fuciphago) as Pancreaprotector Through Oxidative Mechanism in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin
Authors: Frethernety Agnes , M Satriyandi , Alexandra Francisca Diana
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome with characteristics of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to the formation of excessive free radical compounds that trigger oxidative stress, especially on pancreatic β cells. Swallow nest contains amino acids which are insulin-forming compounds and glutathione that can act as a major reducing agent and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of swallow’s nest water extract as a pancreaprotector through oxidative mechanism in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin. The rats induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW and then randomly divided into 4 groups. Control groups were given aquades and 3 treatment groups, respectively were administered swallow’s nest water extract at doses of 1, 10, 100 mg/kg BW for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on 7, 14 and 21 day. MDA measured after  the animal is determined  at day 28th.Level of  fasting blood glucose and MDA were analyzed by statistic using Kruskal Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons Mann Whitney test. There was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level with p = 0.04 in all treatment groups compared the control group. The administration of swallow nest extract significantly decreased MDA pancreas with p value = 0.000 and dose 100 mg/kgBW extract of swallow’s nest significantly decrease pancreatic MDA level. The administration of swallow’s nest water extract shows decrease of fasting blood sugar and has a protective effect on the rats’ pancreas  through oxidative mechanism. Keywords: Swallow's nest extract, MDA
Characterization and Antioxidant Potential Albumin Protein of Canna striata Fish to Rattus Novergicus Induced by Isoniazid Toxic Dose
Authors: Indahsari Noer Kumala
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The Canna Striata fish is a potent source of albumin as an antioxidant. Albumin is a protein capable of binding to free radicals in plasma and has 17 disulfide bonds linking sulfur-containing amino acids. The existence of thiol group bonds in albumin extract of Canna Striata fish is possible to bind to diphenylphycril hydrazyl (DPPH), causing the antioxidant capacity of Canna Striata fish extract to be high. The accumulation of free radicals produced by the administration of antituberculosis drugs from the results of isoniazid metabolism can cause hepatic necrosis. So it requires antioxidants that can reduce free radical levels, which in this study was tested in white rats induced with isoniazid and then treated with albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish. This research method is the first experimental method done is the characterization of albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish with temperature 25˚C and 40˚C by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Then the antioxidant level was tested by measuring the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) after 2 last week treatment period in 5 groups of white rats are positive control group, negative control group and 3 treatment groups induced Isoniazid toxic dose are 37.8 mg accompanied by giving of albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish with content of 20ml/kg, 40 ml/kg and 60 ml/kg. The result of this study showed that there were ten albumin protein profiles with size 15,41 kDa, 19,74 kDa 28,6 kDa, 38,87 kDa, 46,08 kDa, 72,45 kDa, 94,42 kDa , 120.82 kDa, 142.80 kDa, and 155.97 kDa. Based on One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistic test, it were found that there was the significant influence and differentiation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) level on giving of albumin  protein extract in white rats induced by Isoniazid with p-value 0,002. The most effective decrease in MDA levels is high levels of albumin protein extract of 60 ml/kg. Keywords: Albumin Protein Extract of Canna Striata, Malondialdehyde, Isoniazid
Ratio of Platelet-Limfosites and Leukosit Level as Indicators of Baby Feedback (APGAR Score) on Premature Rupture of Membrane Cases iIn Ulin General Hospital
Authors: Wibowo Yuvens Richardo
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) has the potential effect to cause complications such as premature infants, neonatal sepsis, and intrauterine infection (chorioamnionitis). Some inflammatory markers have been investigated to detect PROM at their early stage and prevent the complications. Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and leukocytes are a simple, affordable inflammatory marker, and have been used to predict a variety of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to see the relationship between PLR and leukocytes with APGAR Score in the case of PROM. This study was an analytic observational study with a retrospective cross sectional design. Data from 80 samples showed PLR and leucocytes had no significant effect on APGAR value (p> 0.05). Keywords: Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio, Premature rupture of membranes, APGAR score
Physical Activity and The Strength of Bone in Menopause Patients in National Sports Hospital in 2017
Authors: Waseso Laras Bani , Supartono Basuki , Fauziah Cut
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Osteoporosis is three times more likely to happen to menopause patients with low physical activity because it causes the bone mass to decrease. Standard examination for osteoporosis is a bone mass examination or also known as BMD (Bone Mass Densitometry). This research aims to identify the correlation between physical activity and bone strength in menopause patients. This is an observational analytical research which used cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 74 patients from Kemenpora National Hospital in 2017. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. The result shows that 37% of low physical activity patients have normal bone strength, 63% of which have osteopenia and 20% of the patients have osteoporosis. Meanwhile, 52% of medium physical activity patients have normal bone strength, 19% of the patients have osteopenia, and 33% of the patients have osteoporosis. 16% of patients with high physical activity have normal bone strength, 18% of the patients have osteopenia, and 47% of the patients have osteoporosis. This research proves that there is a correlation between physical activity and bone strength in menopause patients (p = 0,004). Keywords: Physical Activity, Bone Mass Densitometry, Menopausal Women
Sensory Ecology of Ostariophysan Alarm Substances
Authors: Maximino Caio , do Carmo Silva Rhayra Xavier , dos Santos Campos Kimberly , de Oliveira Jeiseane Souza , Rocha Sueslene Prado , Pyterson Maryana Pereira , dos Santos Souza Dainara Pereira , Feitosa Leonardo Miranda , Ikeda Saulo Rivera , Pimentel Ana Flávia Nogueira , Ramos Pâmila Nayana Ferreira , Costa Bruna Patrícia Dutra , Herculano Anderson Manoel , Rosemberg Denis Broock , da Silva Diógenes Henrique Siqueira , Maximino Monica Lima
Published: August 2018

Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with the conspecific alarm substance (CAS) contemporaneously being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish is captured by a predator, and elicits neurobehavioral adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviors, and disrupting the predator sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish, and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioral neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, minnows) on neurobehavioral research.
Whole body vibration therapy after ischemia reduces brain damage in reproductively senescent female rats
Authors: Raval Ami P. , Schatz Marc , Bhattacharya Pallab , d’Adesky Nathan , Rundek Tatjana , Dietrich W. Dalton , Bramlett Helen M.
Published: August 2018

A risk of ischemic stroke increases exponentially after menopause. Even a mild-ischemic stroke can result in increased frailty. Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, which subsequently increases risk of cerebrovascular events and severe cognitive decline, particularly after menopause. Several interventions to reduce frailty and subsequent risk of stroke and cognitive decline have been proposed in laboratory animals and patients. One of them is whole body vibration (WBV). WBV recuperates cerebral function and cognitive ability that deteriorates with increased frailty. The goal of the current study is to test the efficacy of WBV in reducing post-ischemic stroke frailty and brain damage in reproductively senescent female rats. Reproductively senescent Sprague–Dawley female rats were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and randomly assigned to either WBV or control groups. Animals placed in the WBV group underwent 30 days of WBV (40 Hz) treatment performed twice daily for 15 min each session, 5 days each week. The motor functions of animals belonging to both groups were tested intermittently and at the end of treatment period. Brains were then harvested for inflammatory markers and histopathological analysis. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in inflammatory markers and infarct volume with significant increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and improvement in functional activity after tMCAO in middle-aged female rats that were treated with WBV as compared to the control group. Our results may facilitate a faster translation of the WBV intervention for improved outcome after stroke, particularly among frail women.
Examining the Schelling Model Simulation through an Estimation of its Entropy
Authors: Mantzaris Alexander V. , Marich John A. , Halfman Tristin W.
Published: August 2018

The Schelling model of segregation allows for a general description of residential movements in an environment modeled by a lattice. The key factor is that occupants change positions until they are surrounded by a designated minimum number of similarly labeled residents. An analogy to the Ising model has been made in previous research, primarily due the assumption of state changes being dependent upon the adjacent cell positions. This allows for concepts produced in statistical mechanics to be applied to the Schelling model. Here is presented a methodology to estimate the entropy of the model for different states of the simulation. A Monte Carlo estimate is obtained for the set of macrostates defined as the different aggregate homogeneity satisfaction values across all residents, which allows for the entropy value to be produced for each state. This produces a trace of the estimated entropy value for the states of the lattice configurations to be displayed with each iteration. The results show that the initial random placements of residents have larger entropy values than the final states of the simulation when the overall homogeneity of the residential locality is increased.
Experimental Investigation of Impact Localization in Composite Plate Using Newly Developed Imaging Method
Authors: Faisal Haider Mohammad , Migot Asaad , Bhuiyan Md Yeasin , Giurgiutiu Victor
Published: August 2018

This paper focused on impact localization of composite structures, which possess more complexity in the guided wave propagation because of the anisotropic behavior of composite materials. In this work, a composite plate was manufactured by using a compression molding process with proper pressure and temperature cycle. Eight layers of woven composite prepreg were used to manufacture the composite plate. A structural health monitoring (SHM) technique is implemented with piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) to detect and localize the impact on the plate. There are two types of impact event are considered in this paper (a) low energy impact event (b) high energy impact event. Two clusters of sensors recorded the guided acoustic waves generated from the impact. The acoustic signals are then analyzed using a wavelet transform based time-frequency analysis. The proposed SHM technique successfully detect and localize the impact event on the plate. The experimentally measured impact locations are compared with the actual impact locations. An immersion ultrasonic scanning method was used to visualize the composite plate before and after the impact event. A high frequency 10 MHz 1-inch focused transducer was used to scan the plate in the immersion tank. Scanning results show that there is no visible manufacturing damage in the composite plate. However, clear impact damage was observed after the high-energy impact event.
Durability and Compatibility of Lime-Based Mortars: the Effect of Aggregates
Authors: Santos Ana Rita , Veiga Maria do Rosário , Matias Luís , Santos Silva António , de Brito Jorge
Published: August 2018

In order to fully perform their functions and be durable, mortars for renders and plasters are requested to have a set of characteristics that can vary with the type of exposure to external environmental actions and the type of substrate. Generally, they need moderate strength, high deformability, some water protection capability, good adhesion to the substrate, and compatibility with the pre-existent materials. The presence of water and its movement inside the pore structure of the mortars are among the most significant causes of degradation. Moreover, several authors consider that the main factors for durability and good performance of lime-based mortars are mostly related with the good quality of the binder and the use of adequate aggregates. This paper intends to study the effect of ageing on the properties and durability of air lime mortars, using aggregates of different mineralogy. For this purpose, different mortars compositions are exposed to an accelerated weathering test under defined conditions. The obtained characteristics are discussed and compared with the results obtained with the same mortars tested in laboratory conditions. The effects of the aggregate type on the durability of mortars seem to be linked to their effects on the mortars porous structure.
Variations and Correlations between the Physical Properties of Seeds of Eleven Spruce Species
Authors: Kaliniewicz Zdzisław , Żuk Zbigniew , Kusińska Elżbieta
Published: August 2018

Information about the variations and correlations between the physical properties of seeds is essential for designing and modeling seed processing operations. The aim of this study was to determine the variations in the basic physical properties of seeds of selected spruce species and to identify the correlations between these attributes for the needs of the seed sorting processes. Terminal velocity, thickness, width, length, mass and the angle of external friction were determined in the seeds of 11 spruce species. The measured parameters were used to calculate three aspect ratios, geometric mean diameter, sphericity index and specific mass of each seed. The average values of the basic physical properties of the analyzed seeds were determined in the following range: terminal velocity – 5.25 to 8.34 m s-1, thickness – 1.10 to 2.32 mm, width – 1.43 to 3.19 mm, length – 2.76 to 5.52 mm, the angle of external friction – 23.1 to 30.0°, and mass – 2.29 to 18.57 mg. The seeds of Jezo spruce and Meyer's spruce were most similar to the seeds of other spruce species, whereas oriental spruce seeds differed most considerably from the remaining seeds. Our findings indicate that spruce seeds should be sorted primarily with the use of mesh sieves with longitudinal openings to obtain fractions with similar seed mass and to promote even germination.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Samples from Diboll, East Texas (USA)
Authors: Onchoke Kefa Karimu , Ojeda Jorge  J. , Janusa Michael A.
Published: August 2018

Concentrations of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzanthrone, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and triphenylene) of soil samples from Diboll, an East Texas city (USA), were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples were collected from five sites; Old Orchard Park, two heavy traffic intersections (Judd Street and Lumberjack Drive), an industrial site (West Borden Drive), and a truck stop. Acetone and dichloromethane extracts in all samples showed the presence of fluoranthene and pyrene. The sum of fluoranthene and pyrene concentrations in sites followed the order West Borden Drive > Judd Street > Lumberjack Drive > Old Orchard Park > truck stop. Concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene were in the range 12.3 – 396.5 μg kg-1 (ppb) and 13.6 – 209.8 μg kg-1 (in dry soil), respectively. Benzanthrone, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and triphenylene concentrations were < 2 ppb levels. The higher concentrations in soils were associated with sites close to heavy traffic and vehicular emissions.
p-21 Activated Kinase as a Molecular Target for Chemoprevention in Diabetes
Authors: Dammann Kyle , Khare Vineeta , Coleman Clyde , Berdel Henrik , Gasche Christoph
Published: August 2018

Hypothesis: Anti-diabetic drugs modulate p-21 activated kinase (PAK) signaling Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cancer risk. PAK signaling is implicated in cellular homeostasis when regulated, and cancer when unrestrained. Recent reports provided a role for PAK signaling in glucose homeostasis, but the role of PAKs in the pathogenesis of T2DM is unknown. Here we explored whether PAK signaling should be targeted via chemoprevention to reduce diabetes-associated cancer risk. Methods: PAK interacting partners in T2DM were identified using online STRING database. Systematic literature review provided the effect of anti-diabetic drugs on PAK signaling. Review of clinical studies revealed the overall clinical response rate and percentage of adverse events in piogliazone (n=53) and metformin (n=91) treated patients with PAK-dependent diseases. Results: A total of 30 PAK interacting partners were identified (10: reduced beta-cell mass; 10: beta-cell dysfunction; 10: obesity-insulin resistance) which were highly associated with Wnt, and G-protein signaling. Anti-diabetic drug metformin activated signaling pathways upstream; whereas pioglitazone inhibited pathways downstream of PAK. Overall clinical response upon pioglitazone treatment was 53%. 79% of pioglitazone and 75% of metformin treated patients had adverse events. Pioglitazone reduced molecular-PAK biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67 and CyclinD1), and metformin had the opposite effect. Conclusions: PAK signaling in T2DM involves Wnt and G-protein signaling which is altered by anti-diabetic drugs metformin and pioglitazone. Apart from the therapeutic limitations of adverse events, pioglitazone is promising in chemoprevention, however long-term multi-centered studies, which initiate pioglitazone treatment early will be required to fully assess the full potential of these drugs.
Coastal Geomorphology of a Post-Holocene Hurricane Deposit on a Pleistocene Marine Terrace from Isla Carmen (Baja California Sur, Mexico)
Authors: Johnson Markes E. , Ledesma-Váqquez Jorge , Guardado-France Rigoberto
Published: August 2018

This study reports the first example of major erosion from hurricanes degrading a rocky coastline anywhere around the Gulf of California, although other sources of evidence are well known regarding the effect of inland erosion due to catastrophic rainfall in the Southern Cape Region of the Baja California peninsula and farther north. The uplifted, 12-meter terrace on the eastern shore of Isla del Carmen is the site of an unconsolidated coastal boulder deposit (CBD) consisting of large limestone blocks and boulders eroded from underlying Pliocene strata. The CBD stretches approximately 1.5 km in length, mostly set back 25 m from the lip of the terrace. The largest blocks of upturned limestone near the terrace edge are estimated to weigh between 5.8 and 28 metric tons. Waves impacting the rocky coast that peeled back slabs of horizontally layered limestone at this spot are calculated to have been between 11.5 and 14 m in height. Analysis of sampled boulders from the CBD set back from the terrace edge by 25 m suggest that the average wave height responsible for moving those boulders was on the order of 4.3 m. Additional localities with exposed limestone shores, as well as other more common rock types of igneous origin, have yet to be surveyed for this phenomenon elsewhere around the Gulf of California.
Effect of Cavity Vacuum Pressure Diminution on Thermal Performance of Triple Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Memon Saim , Farukh Farukh , Kandan Karthikeyan
Published: August 2018

Long-term durability of the vacuum edge-seal plays a significant part in retrofitting triple vacuum glazing (TVG) to existing buildings in achieving towards zero-energy buildings (ZEB) target. Vacuum pressure decrement with respect to time between panes affect the thermal efficiency of TVG. This study reports a 3D finite element model, with validated mathematical methods and comparison, for the assessment of the influence of vacuum pressure diminution on the thermal transmittance (U value) of TVG. The centre-of-pane and total U values of TVG calculated to be 0.28 Wm−2K−1 and 0.94 Wm−2K−1 at the cavity vacuum pressure of 0.001 Pa. The results suggests that a rise in cavity pressure from 0.001 Pa to 100 kPa increases the centre-of-pane and total U values from 0.28 Wm−2K−1 and 0.94 Wm−2K−1 to 2.4 Wm−2K−1 and 2.58 Wm−2K−1, respectively. The temperature descent on the surfaces of TVG between hot and cold sides’ increases by decreasing the cavity vacuum pressure from 50 kPa to 0.001 Pa. To maintain the cavity vacuum pressure of 0.001 Pa for over 20 years of life span in the cavity of 10 mm wide edge sealed triple vacuum glazing, non-evaporable getters will maintain the cavity vacuum pressure that will enable the long-term durability to TVG.
Isolation and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite loci from the Invasive Worm Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube, 1870) (Annelida: Sabellidae)
Authors: Belato Flávia Ariany , Costa-Paiva Elisa Maria , Paiva Paulo Cesar , Vilasboa Anderson
Published: August 2018

Introduction of exotic species in new areas through anthropic action is one of the major problems that can affect biodiversity. Branchiomma luctuosum is known for its highly invasive potential and the actual occurrence of species commonly associated with port activity areas is an extra evidence that this anthropogenic activity should not be underestimated. In order to develop suitable molecular markers for future studies on colonization routes and population dynamics of the invading individuals of B. luctuosum, nine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and their polymorphism levels were evaluated. These loci showed a range of number of alleles per locus from five to ten and all loci had a high level of genetic diversity, and exhibited significant heterozygote deficiencies probably due to the presence of null alleles. Significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected at several loci and most of them were related to a heterozygous deficit. Heterozygous deficiency can be expected in this case due to the biology and history of this invasive species, in relation to its recent introduction in Brazilian coast and possible action of multiple introductory events.
Pulse Ultrasonic Cure Monitoring of the Pultrusion Process
Authors: Scholle Patrick , Sinapius Michael
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the results of a series of experiments on pulse ultrasonic cure monitoring of carbon fiber reinforced plastics applied to the pultrusion process. The aim of this study is to validate the hypothesis that pulse ultrasonic cure monitoring can be applied a) for profiles having small cross sections such as 7x0.5 mm and b) within the environment of the pultrusion process. Ultrasonic transducers are adhesively bonded to the pultrusion tool as actuators and sensors. The time-of-flight and the amplitude of an ultrasonic wave are analyzed to deduce the current curing state of the epoxy matrix. The experimental results show that ultrasonic cure monitoring is indeed applicable even to very thin cross sections. However, significant challenges can be reported when the techniques are used during the pultrusion process.
Corporate Board Characteristics and Environmental Disclosure Quantity: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Integrated Reporting Evidence
Authors: Odoemelam Ndubuisi , Ofoegbu Grace
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of corporate board characteristics on the extent of environmental disclosure quantity of listed firms in two leading emerging economies in Africa, South Africa (integrated reporting framework) and Nigeria (traditional reporting framework). Methods: The sample was comprised of 303 firms including environmentally sensitive companies purposively selected for content analysis study in South Africa (213) and Nigeria (90). We used both descriptive, multivariate and regression models to comparatively analyze the differences about corporate board characteristics as determinants of the extent of their environmental disclosure quantity. Results: The results reveal a more significant positive association between board characteristics and environmental disclosure in South Africa and less relevant association in Nigeria. Also, the results support that board independence arrangement may serve as bonding mechanisms in weak reporting environments, suggesting a substitutive relationship between board independence and the regulatory framework. Quiet revealing a board with environmental committee show a higher tendency to be ecologic transparent in both countries. However, in a traditional reporting framework, the environmental committee is not enough; its effect was insignificant and highly significant in the integrated reporting framework. Further revealed is the significant positive effect of industry membership influence on environmental disclosure. In all estimated models of South Africa sample show that 45% of environmentally sensitive industries significantly influence environmental disclosure, while 51% is environmentally polluting industries in Nigeria show less concern on environmental disclosure. Interestingly, Audit firm size (Big4) positively and statistically significantly associated with overall environmental reporting in both countries. The results are consistent with stakeholder theory, agency theory, institutional and legitimacy theory suggesting that a strong board size, independent members of the board with auditing experience, the active environmental committee in conjunction with solid audit reputation may reduce information asymmetry. Our findings will be helpful for policymakers and other regulators who are interested in environmental impact reporting.
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION PLANNING FOR CONTINGENCY PLAN OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SINABUNG VOLCANO ERUPTION
Authors: Lestari Puji , Paripurno Eko Teguh , Kusumayudha Sari Bahagiarti , Nugroho Arif Rianto Budi
Published: August 2018

This study aims to find a communication model of contingency plan for disaster risk management of Sinabung Volcano eruption, in North Sumatera. The object of the research is communication and coordination across the government, non-government organization, and community. This study used planning theory, the concept of communication planning, and types of disaster management plan as tools for analysing. Descriptive qualitative is used as the method. Data collection was obtained from the focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, observation, and study documentation. There are three stages in descriptive qualitative research that is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. An analysis was conducted qualitatively on the program and competence actors. The results found the communication model of disaster risk management through documents of contingency planning to overcome the threat of Mount Sinabung eruption. During the emergency response period a core model was used to reduce the impact of the Mount Sinabung eruption. The contingency plan becomes the Karo District Government’s document. This document were authorized by an authorized official and is ready to be applied to the Emergency Response Operation Plan. Plans for emergency response operations are carried out based on information regarding damage and the need to obtain results of a quick review. Contingency plans are submitted to the legislature for political commitment and support and budget allocation.
Impact of Heat Pumps Flexibility in a French Residential Eco-District
Authors: Pajot Camille , Delinchant Benoit , Maréchal Yves , Frésier Damien
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates how blocks of buildings could fit into load shedding strategies. It focuses in particular on what could be the effects on peak shaving, occupants’ thermal comfort or CO2 emissions reduction and how to quickly quantify them. To achieve this goal, we focused on a new residential district, thermally fed by heat pumps. Four modeling approaches were confronted in order to estimate buildings' responses to load shedding orders. On the one hand, a quick estimation of the peak shaving impact can rely on experimental results if the buildings' envelope and uses of the experimentation match those of the study case. On the other hand, thermal simulation models allow us to assess thermal comfort while considering the building physical response. Finally, a hybrid modeling approach can provide a good compromise between modeling rapidity and accuracy of the impacts estimation. At district scale, it may be necessary to mix modeling approaches, from experimental results to detailed thermal models. Accuracy is not guaranteed for all approaches so that the choice should be made carefully in regards to study needs. However, results are sufficient to compare the effects of load shedding strategies on peak shaving, thermal comfort, and CO2 emissions reductions.
Designing of Fermenter and its utilization in food industries
Authors: Gaikwad Vishwajeet , Panghal Anil , Jadhav Shubham , Sharma Poorva , Bagal Akshay , Jadhav Akshay , Chhikara Navnidhi
Published: August 2018

Fermenter is a vessel that maintains optimum environment for the development of significant microorganism used in large scale fermentation process and the commercial production of products like Alcoholic beverages, Enzymes, Antibiotics, Organic acids etc. The fermenter aims to produce biological product like vaccines and hormones, it is necessary to monitor and control the different parameters like external and internal mass transfer, heat transfer, fluid velocity, shear stress, agitation speed, aeration rate, cooling rate or heating intensity, and the feeding rate, nutrients, base or acid valve. Fermentation in the fermenter are accomplished in several configuration and these simple configurations are batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation process. Fermentation process is carried out in small or large size fermenter depending on product quantity. The selection of the suitable process depends on the fermentation kinetics, type of microorganism used and process economic aspects. Improved modelling tools, reactor operation and reactor design in bioreactor is because of mass transfer behavior and it is important for reaction rate maximizing, throughput rates optimization and cost minimizing. The fermenter design, fermentation process, types of the fermenter that are used in industries and heat and mass transfer in fermenter is discussed.
Teicoplanin-Induced Anaphylactic Reaction in Children: a Case Report
Authors: Oligbu Godwin , Ahmed Leila
Published: August 2018

Teicoplanin is now increasingly used as a first-line prophylactic therapy for major surgical procedures, treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, and for those with reported penicillin allergy. Teicoplanin is rarely associated with anaphylaxis and there is limited information on the prevalence of teicoplanin- induced perioperative anaphylaxis. Here, we describe a case of a 12-year-old child with teicoplanin anaphylaxis peri-operatively.