bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Attenuates the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Related Oxidative Stress on the Surface of Knee Cartilage
Authors: Ke Chenghui , Li Hongyun , Yang Dan , Ying Hao , Zhu Hongwen , Wang Jian , Xu Jun , Wang Lin
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the correlation between melatonin and osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. To explore the relevant mechanisms in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis in rats, and to further understand the disease of osteoarthritis.

Methods

Forty healthy 6‐month‐old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham and drug intervention groups. Pre‐OA modeling, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, COX‐2, and melatonin in the serum of the rats in each group. For OA modeling, we administered an injection of papain into the knee cavity of all rats. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and COX‐2 in the serum of rats in each group were detected 2 weeks after the modeling. Additionally, 2 weeks after the modeling, the rats in the drug intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin antagonists. The rats in the sham group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 2 weeks. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and COX‐2 in the serum of each group were measured at the second, third, and fourth weeks after the drug intervention, and the levels of melatonin in the serum were measured at the second week after the drug intervention. Finally, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and pathological sections were collected from the knee joint to observe the pathological tissue changes under a microscope, and Mankin score was determined. The independent samples t‐test method was used for analysis.

Results

The imaging examination after the drug intervention showed that the modeling of knee osteoarthritis in rats was successful. In the pathological findings, HE staining showed a legible cartilage structure of each layer, with cartilage proliferation and partial cartilage tearing to the radial layer. The tide line was intact; toluidine blue staining revealed more obvious changes. The differences among the mean values of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 measured in each period were statistically significant (t = 5.50, p < 0.05). The measured mean values of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 revealed statistically significant differences among the groups (t = 2.01, p < 0.05). The intergroup comparison of the Mankin scores in each period showed statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

Melatonin may inhibit inflammation and associated oxidative stress on the surface of knee cartilage. It may be related to the repair and regeneration of articular surface cartilage during the development of OA in the rat knee joint.
Treatment of atrial tachycardia arising after superior transseptal approach mitral valve surgery: Insights from ultra‐high‐density mapping to prevent atrioventricular block
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Kusa Shigeki , Miwa Naoyuki , Hirano Hidenori , Nakata Tadanori , Doi Junichi , Teng Yun , Satoh Yoshikazu , Yamao Kazuya , Hachiya Hitoshi
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Mitral valve surgery employing a superior transseptal approach (STA) is associated with arrhythmogenicity and intra‐atrial conduction delay, despite being optimal for visualization of the surgical field. It is sometimes difficult to treat atrial tachycardias (AT) that arise after STA. To investigate AT circuits that arise after STA in detail in order to identify the optimal ablation line, using ultra‐high‐resolution mapping (UHRM).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 12 AT from 10 patients (median age 70 years, nine males) who had undergone STA surgery. The tachycardias were mapped using the Rhythmia mapping system (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts).

Results

The 12 STA‐related AT (STA‐AT) circuits were classifiable as follows according to location of the optimal ablation line: (1) peri‐septal incision STA‐AT (n = 3), (2) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) dependent STA‐AT (n = 7), and (3) biatrial tachycardia (n = 2). Radiofrequency (RF) application terminated 11 of the 12 STA‐AT. We found that difference in STA‐AT circuit type was due to characteristics of the septal incision line made for STA. UHRM was important in identifying optimal ablation sites that did not create additional conduction disturbances in the right atrium (RA).

Conclusions

ATs after STA involve complex arrhythmia circuits due to multiple and long incision lines in the RA. Accurate understanding of the arrhythmia circuit and sinus conduction in the RA after STA is recommended for treating post‐surgical tachycardia in a minimally invasive manner.
Chloroplasts play a central role in facilitating MAMP‐triggered immunity, pathogen suppression of immunity and crosstalk with abiotic stress
Authors: Breen Susan , Hussain Rana , Breeze Emily , Brown Hannah , Alzwiy Ibrahim , Abdelsayed Sara , Gaikwad Trupti , Grant Murray
Published: July 2022

Microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP)‐triggered immunity (MTI) research has traditionally centred around signal transduction pathways originating from activated membrane‐localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), culminating in nuclear transcription and posttranslational modifications. More recently, chloroplasts have emerged as key immune signalling hubs, playing a central role in integrating environmental signals. Notably, MAMP recognition induces chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (cROS) that is suppressed by pathogen effectors, which also modify the balance of chloroplast‐synthesized precursors of the defence hormones, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid. This study focuses on how well‐characterized PRRs and coreceptors modulate chloroplast physiology, examining whether diverse signalling pathways converge to similarly modulate chloroplast function. Pretreatment of receptor mutant plants with MAMP and D(Damage)AMP peptides usually protect against effector modulation of chlorophyll fluorescence and prevent Pseudomonas syringae effector‐mediated quenching of cROS and suppression of maximum dark‐adapted quantum efﬁciency (the ratio of variable/maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]). The MTI coreceptor double mutant, bak1‐5/bkk1‐1, exhibits a remarkable decrease in Fv/Fm compared to control plants during infection, underlining the importance of MTI‐mediated signalling in chloroplast immunity. Further probing the role of the chloroplast in immunity, we unexpectedly found that even moderate changes in light intensity can uncouple plant immune signalling.
A case of severe nivolumab‐induced lichen planus pemphigoides in a child with metastatic spitzoid melanoma
Authors: Mueller Kelly A. , Cordisco Maria R. , Scott Glynis A. , Plovanich Molly E.
Published: July 2022

Dermatologic reactions are among the most common adverse events of antiprogrammed cell death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) monoclonal antibodies agents and include maculopapular rash, psoriasiform rash, lichenoid eruptions, autoimmune bullous disorders, and vitiligo. Here, we present a case of a 12‐year‐old African American male with metastatic spitzoid melanoma treated with nivolumab who developed a mild lichenoid eruption that progressed to a severe case of lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP). Management was complex given the patient's age and history and included hospitalization for intravenous steroids, an intensive topical steroid regimen, methotrexate, and discontinuation of nivolumab. This case illustrates a rare but dramatic progression from a mild LP‐like eruption to severe bullous lichenoid eruption, most consistent with LPP, as well as the diagnostic and treatment challenges in the setting of a pediatric patient on nivolumab.
Does possessing an installed base induce a proprietary software producer to act aggressively or mildly in pricing and intrinsic quality provision?
Authors: Chou Chung‐Hui
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates competition between open‐source software (OSS) and proprietary software (PS) which possesses an installed base. We find that an increase in PS installed base does not necessarily induce the PS producer to increase price or reduce intrinsic quality. Specifically, if OSS is weakly (moderately) compatible with PS, then an increase in PS installed base induces the PS producer to invest less (more) in intrinsic quality. Regarding the price of PS, if OSS is highly compatible with PS possessing a large installed base, then an increase in installed base induces the PS producer to sell products for a lower price.
Description of the HLA‐C*04:01:145 allele, first identified in a Brazilian individual
Authors: Vianna Romulo , Secco Danielle , Lopes Giovanna , Santos Angela , Porto Luís Cristóvão
Published: July 2022

The novel HLA‐C*04:01:145 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.
The histidine phosphotransfer AHP4 plays a negative role in Arabidopsis plant response to drought
Authors: Ha Chien Van , Mostofa Mohammad Golam , Nguyen Kien Huu , Tran Cuong Duy , Watanabe Yasuko , Li Weiqiang , Osakabe Yuriko , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Tanaka Maho , Seki Motoaki , Burritt David J. , Anderson Cheyenne Marie , Zhang Ru , Nguyen Huong Mai , Le Vy Phuong , Bui Hien Thuy , Mochida Keiichi , Tran Lam‐Son Phan
Published: July 2022

Cytokinin plays an important role in plant stress responses via a multistep signaling pathway, involving the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 proteins are known to affect drought responses; however, the role of AHP4 in drought adaptation remains undetermined. In the present study, using a loss‐of‐function approach we showed that AHP4 possesses an important role in the response of Arabidopsis to drought. This is evidenced by the higher survival rates of ahp4 than wild‐type (WT) plants under drought conditions, which is accompanied by the downregulated AHP4 expression in WT during periods of dehydration. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ahp4 and WT plants revealed AHP4‐mediated expression of several dehydration‐ and/or abscisic acid‐responsive genes involved in modulation of various physiological and biochemical processes important for plant drought acclimation. In comparison with WT, ahp4 plants showed increased wax crystal accumulation in stems, thicker cuticles in leaves, greater sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid at germination, narrow stomatal apertures, heightened leaf temperatures during dehydration, and longer root length under osmotic stress. In addition, ahp4 plants showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and increased anthocyanin contents under drought, when compared with WT. These differences displayed in ahp4 plants are likely due to upregulation of genes that encode enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging and non‐enzymatic antioxidant metabolism. Overall, our findings suggest that AHP4 plays a crucial role in plant drought adaptation.
Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low‐nicotine phenotypes in tobacco
Authors: Shoji Tsubasa , Moriyama Koki , Sierro Nicolas , Ouadi Sonia , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Hashimoto Takashi , Saito Kazuki
Published: July 2022

In tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low‐nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1‐1 and nic2‐1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low‐nicotine tobacco.
Evidence of likely autochthonous Chagas disease in the southwestern United States: A case series of Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive blood donors
Authors: Lynn Mary K. , Dye‐Braumuller Kyndall C. , Beatty Norman L. , Dorn Patricia L. , Klotz Stephen A. , Stramer Susan L. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Kamel Hany , Vannoy Jacquelyn M. , Sadler Patrick , Montgomery Susan P. , Rivera Hilda N. , Nolan Melissa S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that can insidiously cause non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. Given the largely silent nature of this progressive disease, asymptomatic blood donors pose potential blood transfusion risk. Blood donation screening has become an unintentional form of Chagas disease surveillance, with thousands of new cases identified since national surveillance was initiated in 2007.

Study Design and Methods

We recruited T. cruzi‐positive blood donors identified from California and Arizona blood centers for confirmatory blood screening and assessment of lifetime infection risk.

Results

Among eight suspected cases, we identified four confirmed US autochthonous infections. The current manuscript details the transmission sources, healthcare‐seeking behaviors post‐blood donation resulting, and clinical course of disease among persons without any history of travel to endemic Latin American countries.

Discussion

This manuscript presents four additional US‐acquired Chagas disease cases and identifies an opportunity for blood centers to assist in confronting barriers surrounding Chagas disease in the US.
CMOS electrochemical pH localizer-imager
Authors: Jung Han Sae , Jung Woo-Bin , Wang Jun , Abbott Jeffrey , Horgan Adrian , Fournier Maxime , Hinton Henry , Hwang Young-Ha , Godron Xavier , Nicol Robert , Park Hongkun , Ham Donhee
Published: July 2022

pH controls a large repertoire of chemical and biochemical processes in water. Densely arrayed pH microenvironments would parallelize these processes, enabling their high-throughput studies and applications. However, pH localization, let alone its arrayed realization, remains challenging because of fast diffusion of protons in water. Here, we demonstrate arrayed localizations of picoliter-scale aqueous acids, using a 256-electrochemical cell array defined on and operated by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)–integrated circuit. Each cell, comprising a concentric pair of cathode and anode with their current injections controlled with a sub-nanoampere resolution by the CMOS electronics, creates a local pH environment, or a pH “voxel,” via confined electrochemistry. The system also monitors the spatiotemporal pH profile across the array in real time for precision pH control. We highlight the utility of this CMOS pH localizer-imager for high-throughput tasks by parallelizing pH-gated molecular state encoding and pH-regulated enzymatic DNA elongation at any selected set of cells.
Mitochondrial proteostasis stress in muscle drives a long-range protective response to alleviate dietary obesity independently of ATF4
Authors: Guo Qiqi , Xu Zhisheng , Zhou Danxia , Fu Tingting , Wang Wen , Sun Wanping , Xiao Liwei , Liu Lin , Ding Chenyun , Yin Yujing , Zhou Zheng , Sun Zongchao , Zhu Yuangang , Zhou Wenjing , Jia Yuhuan , Xue Jiachen , Chen Yuncong , Chen Xiao-Wei , Piao Hai-Long , Lu Bin , Gan Zhenji
Published: July 2022

Mitochondrial quality in skeletal muscle is crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis during metabolic stresses. However, how muscle mitochondrial quality is controlled and its physiological impacts remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mitoprotease LONP1 is essential for preserving muscle mitochondrial proteostasis and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Skeletal muscle–specific deletion of Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial (LONP1) impaired mitochondrial protein turnover, leading to muscle mitochondrial proteostasis stress. A benefit of this adaptive response was the complete resistance to diet-induced obesity. These favorable metabolic phenotypes were recapitulated in mice overexpressing LONP1 substrate ΔOTC in muscle mitochondria. Mechanistically, mitochondrial proteostasis imbalance elicits an unfolded protein response (UPR
mt
) in muscle that acts distally to modulate adipose tissue and liver metabolism. Unexpectedly, contrary to its previously proposed role, ATF4 is dispensable for the long-range protective response of skeletal muscle. Thus, these findings reveal a pivotal role of LONP1-dependent mitochondrial proteostasis in directing muscle UPR
mt
to regulate systemic metabolism.
Chaperoning of the histone octamer by the acidic domain of DNA repair factor APLF
Authors: Corbeski Ivan , Guo Xiaohu , Eckhardt Bruna V. , Fasci Domenico , Wiegant Wouter , Graewert Melissa A. , Vreeken Kees , Wienk Hans , Svergun Dmitri I. , Heck Albert J. R. , van Attikum Haico , Boelens Rolf , Sixma Titia K. , Mattiroli Francesca , van Ingen Hugo
Published: July 2022

Nucleosome assembly requires the coordinated deposition of histone complexes H3-H4 and H2A-H2B to form a histone octamer on DNA. In the current paradigm, specific histone chaperones guide the deposition of first H3-H4 and then H2A-H2B. Here, we show that the acidic domain of DNA repair factor APLF (APLF
AD
) can assemble the histone octamer in a single step and deposit it on DNA to form nucleosomes. The crystal structure of the APLF
AD
-histone octamer complex shows that APLF
AD
tethers the histones in their nucleosomal conformation. Mutations of key aromatic anchor residues in APLF
AD
affect chaperone activity in vitro and in cells. Together, we propose that chaperoning of the histone octamer is a mechanism for histone chaperone function at sites where chromatin is temporarily disrupted.
Switch of serotonergic descending inhibition into facilitation by a spinal chloride imbalance in neuropathic pain
Authors: Aby Franck , Lorenzo Louis-Etienne , Grivet Zoé , Bouali-Benazzouz Rabia , Martin Hugo , Valerio Stéphane , Whitestone Sara , Isabel Dominique , Idi Walid , Bouchatta Otmane , De Deurwaerdere Philippe , Godin Antoine G. , Herry Cyril , Fioramonti Xavier , Landry Marc , De Koninck Yves , Fossat Pascal
Published: July 2022

Descending control from the brain to the spinal cord shapes our pain experience, ranging from powerful analgesia to extreme sensitivity. Increasing evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies points to an imbalance toward descending facilitation as a substrate of pathological pain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We used an optogenetic approach to manipulate serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus that project to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We found that 5-HT neurons exert an analgesic action in naïve mice that becomes proalgesic in an experimental model of neuropathic pain. We show that spinal KCC2 hypofunction turns this descending inhibitory control into paradoxical facilitation; KCC2 enhancers restored 5-HT–mediated descending inhibition and analgesia. Last, combining selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with a KCC2 enhancer yields effective analgesia against nerve injury–induced pain hypersensitivity. This uncovers a previously unidentified therapeutic path for SSRIs against neuropathic pain.
Slamming dynamics of diving and its implications for diving-related injuries
Authors: Pandey Anupam , Yuk Jisoo , Chang Brian , Fish Frank E. , Jung Sunghwan
Published: July 2022

In nature, many animals dive into water at high speeds, e.g., humans dive from cliffs, birds plunge, and aquatic animals porpoise and breach. Diving provides opportunities for animals to find prey and escape from predators and is a source of great excitement for humans. However, diving from high platforms can cause severe injuries to a diver. In this study, we demonstrate how similarity in the morphology of diving fronts unifies the slamming force across diving animals and humans. By measuring a time-averaged impulse that increases linearly with the impact height, we are able to estimate the unsteady hydrodynamic forces that an average human body experiences during the slamming phase of a feet-first, hand-first, or head-first dive. We evaluate whether the unsteady forces put the diver at risk of muscle or bone injuries for a particular diving height. Therefore, this study sheds light on a hydrodynamics-based protocol for safe high diving and an evolutionary driver for animal morphology.
3D-printed biomimetic artificial muscles using soft actuators that contract and elongate
Authors: De Pascali Corrado , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Palagi Stefano , Scharff Rob B. N. , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: July 2022

Biomimetic machines able to integrate with natural and social environments will find ubiquitous applications, from biodiversity conservation to elderly daily care. Although artificial actuators have reached the contraction performances of muscles, the versatility and grace of the movements realized by the complex arrangements of muscles remain largely unmatched. Here, we present a class of pneumatic artificial muscles, named GeometRy-based Actuators that Contract and Elongate (GRACE). The GRACEs consist of a single-material pleated membrane and do not need any strain-limiting elements. They can contract and extend by design, as described by a mathematical model, and can be realized at different dimensional scales and with different materials and mechanical performances, enabling a wide range of lifelike movements. The GRACEs can be fabricated through low-cost additive manufacturing and even built directly within functional devices, such as a pneumatic artificial hand that is fully three-dimensionally printed in one step. This makes the prototyping and fabrication of pneumatic artificial muscle–based devices faster and more straightforward.
Network Tau spreading is vulnerable to the expression gradients of
APOE
and glutamatergic-related genes
Authors: Montal Victor , Diez Ibai , Kim Chan-Mi , Orwig William , Bueichekú Elisenda , Gutiérrez-Zúñiga Raquel , Bejanin Alexandre , Pegueroles Jordi , Dols-Icardo Oriol , Vannini Patrizia , El-Fakhri Georges , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Fortea Juan , Sepulcre Jorge
Published: July 2022

A key hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is the intracellular accumulation of tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles across large-scale networks of the human brain cortex. Currently, it is still unclear how tau accumulates within specific cortical systems and whether in situ genetic traits play a role in this circuit-based propagation progression. In this study, using two independent cohorts of cognitively normal older participants, we reveal the brain network foundation of tau spreading and its association with using high-resolution transcriptomic genetic data. We observed that specific connectomic and genetic gradients exist along the tau spreading network. In particular, we identified 577 genes whose expression is associated with the spatial spreading of tau. Within this set of genes,
APOE
and glutamatergic synaptic genes, such as
SLC1A2
, play a central role. Thus, our study characterizes neurogenetic topological vulnerabilities in distinctive brain circuits of tau spreading and suggests that drug development strategies targeting the gradient expression of this set of genes should be explored to help reduce or prevent pathological tau accumulation.
Mechanism-based combination therapies for metastatic cancer
Authors: Obenauf Anna C.
Published: July 2022

Functional interrogation of cancer and immune cells during tumor evolution reveals cancer drivers and informs mechanism-based combination therapies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium butyricum Strain 16-3, Isolated from Neonatal Feces
Authors: Shin Jang-In , Bang Man-Seok , Lee Gi-Su , Kim Ha-Na , Oh Chung-Hun
Published: July 2022

Here, we report the genome sequence of
Clostridium butyricum
strain 16-3, which was isolated from infant feces. The genome contains circular contigs of 3,861,515 bp and 769,300 bp, with G+C contents of 28.8% and 28.3%, respectively.
Closing the GAP in Antimicrobial Resistance Policy in Benin and Burkina Faso
Authors: Sariola Salla , Butcher Andrea , Cañada Jose A. , Aïkpé Mariette , Compaore Adélaïde
Published: July 2022

The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is unequally distributed across the globe. Low-income countries face a more severe AMR situation and have fewer means to solve the problem.
Nanopore Sequencing for Characterization of HIV-1 Recombinant Forms
Authors: Mori Mikiko , Ode Hirotaka , Kubota Mai , Nakata Yoshihiro , Kasahara Takaaki , Shigemi Urara , Okazaki Reiko , Matsuda Masakazu , Matsuoka Kazuhiro , Sugimoto Atsuko , Hachiya Atsuko , Imahashi Mayumi , Yokomaku Yoshiyuki , Iwatani Yasumasa
Published: July 2022

HIV-1 is characterized by large genetic differences, including HIV-1 recombinant forms (RFs). Conventional genetic analyses require time-consuming pretreatments, i.e., cloning or single-genome amplification, to distinguish RFs from dual- or multiple-infection cases.
Ancient structural inheritance explains gold deposit clustering in northern Perú
Authors: Wiemer Daniel , Hagemann Steffen G. , Hronsky Jon , Kemp Anthony I.S. , Thébaud Nicolas , Ireland Trevor , Villanes Carlos
Published: July 2022

The punctuated distribution of major gold deposits along orogenic belts is poorly understood. In northern Perú, gold deposits cluster along trends that transect the subparallel Phanerozoic belts that accreted onto the western margin of the Archean–Proterozoic Amazonian craton. This suggests the influence of as yet unrecognized pre-Andean basement structures in controlling the localization of Phanerozoic deposits. We report the newly discovered Tomac ophiolite, which represents a missing link in tracing a cryptic basement collisional suture striking obliquely to the Peruvian Andes. The Tomac ophiolite signals the opening of a former Neoproterozoic ocean basin between the Amazonian craton and a continental ribbon of dispersed microterranes. Re-accretion of the continental ribbon resulted in the formation of a collisional belt between ca. 465 and 440 Ma. Rifting and re-accretion occurred parallel to the strike of the ca. 1400–1000 Ma Grenvillian-Sunsás orogen, indicating that structural corridors that transect the Andes at an oblique strike angle reflect inheritance of preexisting lithospheric weak zones. Our study demonstrates that Phanerozoic gold deposits in northern Perú cluster at the intersection between the newly defined basement suture and the superimposed Andean belt and associated well-documented cross faults. Gold mineralization was localized at ancient structural intersections, where enhanced permeability facilitated anomalous energy and mass transfer, promoting major ore accumulation during episodes of accretion.
Degradation of isoproturon in vitro by a mix of bacterial strains isolated from arable soil
Authors: Duc Ha Danh
Published: July 2022

Isoproturon (IPU) is widely used to control annual grasses and broad leaf weeds in cereal crops. In this study, four IPU-degrading bacterial strains, i.e., Sphingomonas sp. ISP1, Arthrobacter sp. ISP2, Acinetobacter baumannii 4IA, and Pseudomonas sp. ISP3, were isolated from agricultural soil. The mixed culture of four isolates completely degraded the herbicide at 100 mg/L within 10 days. During IPU degradation, several transient accumulations of the metabolites, including 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-urea, 4-isopropylaniline, and 4-toluidine, were also identified. Moreover, the inoculation of the isolated mixed culture into the soil from a mountain with no previous herbicide application increased the degradation rate by 51% of the herbicide on average. Furthermore, bioaugmentation with isolated bacteria in the soil resulted in short-term variations in bacterial structure compared to the unaugmented soil. The findings of this study were instrumental in understanding the mechanisms of pesticide breakdown and bioremediation in liquid media and soil.
The story of long-term research sites and soil health in Canadian agriculture
Authors: Norris Charlotte E. , Gorzelak Monika , Arcand Melissa , Bruhjell Darren , Carlyle Cameron N. , Dyck Miles , Ellert Benjamin , Entz Martin , Geddes Charles M. , Hao Xiying , Janovicek Ken , Larney Francis , May William , Luce Mervin St. , Van Eerd Laura L. , Zhang Tiequan , Beck Ryan , Cowen Tony , Liptzin Daniel , Morgan Cristine L.S.
Published: July 2022

Canada's interest in agricultural lands has changed with time from a desire of crop yields at Confederation through to discussions in the Senate on adaptation and resilience in 2018. Long-term research experiments (LTRs) have been present and utilized by federal and university researchers to provide answers throughout. Here we highlight the importance of LTRs by identifying the historical context of LTRs and soil health research in Canada. We then briefly describe the history and key results from select LTRs and illustrate the wealth of information collected from the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements cross-country point-in-time soil sampling from these LTRs. We discuss the LTRs, and the knowledge gained from them, with the hope that by showing the distinctive narratives associated with each of these study sites, researchers will be inspired to use them to address their research questions and make sound predictions to facilitate the adaptation of Canadian agroecosystems to climate challenges. Through identifying the value generated by these unique LTRs, we hope that the importance of these sites will inspire not only their continued maintenance but also the next generation of LTRs.
Modeling of total and active organic carbon dynamics in agricultural soil using digital soil mapping: a case study from Central Nova Scotia
Authors: Paul Siddhartho S. , Heung Brandon , Lynch Derek H.
Published: July 2022

Monitoring the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools is critical for sustainable soil and agricultural management. This case study models total and active organic carbon dynamics (2015/2016 to 2019/2020) using digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques. Model predictors include topographic variables generated from light detection and ranging data; soil and vegetation indices derived from Landsat satellite images; and soil and crop inventory information from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to predict total organic carbon (TOC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXc) at the 0–15 cm depth increment for a 37 km2 study area in Truro, Nova Scotia. Quantile Regression Forest and stochastic Gradient Boosting Model were utilized for prediction. Although both models performed equally well for predicting TOC and POXc, the accuracy of TOC predictions (e.g., concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.67) was better than POXc predictions (e.g., CCC = 0.53). The Landsat variables and crop inventory were dominant predictors, while topographic variables across the relatively homogeneous terrain had relatively little influence. During the study period, changes in POXc were predicted across 98% of the study area, with a mean absolute loss of 5.77 (±11.48) mg/kg/year, and in TOC on 27% of the area, with a mean absolute loss of 0.15 (±0.09) g/kg/year. While the annual crop fields observed the highest loss of TOC and POXc, the decline in pasture–grassland–forage fields was relatively low. The study reinforced the effectiveness of DSM for modeling multiple SOC pools at the farm to landscape scales.
Patterns of vegetation change in Yukon: recent findings and future research in dynamic subarctic ecosystems
Authors: Reid Kirsten A. , Reid Donald G. , Brown Carissa D.
Published: July 2022

In Yukon, Canada, average air temperature has increased by 2 °C over the past 50 years and, by the end of the century up to 6.9 °C of further warming is predicted, along with increased climate variability. As a result of these and other changes, vegetation communities are predicted to shift in space and composition. Changes to the vegetation assemblages across multiple ecological units or bioclimate zones will impact carbon and nutrient cycling, animal habitat, biodiversity levels, and other ecosystem processes. Yukon has a wide variety of vegetation communities, and paleoecological evidence indicates that significant vegetation changes have occurred throughout the territory in the past. No documented synthesis of changes to vegetation assemblages exists, restricting predictions of their future likelihood, abundance, and influence. Here, we review the literature of documented examples of vegetation change throughout Yukon that have occurred ( i) in different vegetation communities due to the persistent press of climate change and ( ii) after natural disturbances. Future research into all vegetation responses under ongoing climate change is warranted. We identify critical research gaps for each vegetation community and disturbance type that should be addressed to produce a more encompassing understanding of the response of Yukon bioclimate zones and vegetation communities to future warming and disturbances.
Combined optimization of connected and automated vehicle distribution and ramp control for weaving scenario
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Xiong Kangbei , Yang Lili , Jia Hongfei
Published: July 2022

The traffic in the weaving region is subject to lane-changing turbulence, which results in a significant impact on traffic safety, reduces traffic efficiency, and creates traffic bottlenecks. To mitigate the negative effect of the weaving, vehicles are distributed in each segment located inside and upstream of the weaving region by a lane-changing advisory using Connected Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technology, called segment-base lane-changing control (SLDC), and a heuristic optimization algorithm is applied to obtain the proportion of CAVs to be assigned to each segment. Further, to decrease volume variation on the mainline, the ramp metering (RM) control strategy is coordinated and applied to ensure the lane-changing process in the weaving region. Conditions of different traffic demands are analyzed using the cellular automata traffic simulation based on a typical one-sided ramp motorway weaving region. Results indicated that the proposed CAV distribution algorithm and SLDC-RM coordination control strategy could improve traffic efficiency and reduce traffic conflicts. The coordination control is better than SLDC when the occupancy of the weaving region reaches 25 veh/km/ln, also the effects with different proportions of connected vehicles are discussed.
Self-Adaptive Optimization Assisted Deep Learning Model for Partial Discharge Recognition
Authors: Srivastava Rajat , Avasthi Vinay , Krishna Priya R
Published: July 2022

In the power system, research is being conducted in diagnosing and monitoring the condition of power equipment in a precise way. The Partial Discharges (PD) estimations under high voltage is recognized to be the most renowned and useful approach for accessing the electrical behaviour of the insulation material. The PD is good at localizing the dielectric failures even in the smaller regions before the occurrence of the dielectric breakdown. Therefore, the PD condition monitoring with accurate feature specification will be the appropriate model for enhancing the life span of the electrical apparatus. In this research work, a novel data-driven approach is introduced to detect the PD pulses in power cables using optimization based machine learning models. The proposed model will encompass two major phases: feature extraction and recognition. The first phase of the proposed method concentrates on extracting the wavelet scattering transform-based features. In the second phase, these features are fed as the input to optimized Deep Belief Network (DBN), whose count of the hidden neuron is optimized via a Self Adaptive Border Collie Optimization algorithm (SA-BCO). Finally, the performance evaluation is done in terms of diverse performance measures.
Neutrino interactions and detections: Review and future potential
Authors: Saha Saurav , Das Pretam Kumar
Published: July 2022

Both experimentally and theoretically, neutrino physics thrives to be the most active and volatile area of research. The Beyond Standard Model physics of electroweak interactions became evident with the plethora of sophisticated neutrino detectors across the globe. Neutrino interaction with detector constituents plays a critical role in neutrino physics which concerns the cross section measurements. Neutrino cross sections are an essential constituent in neutrino experiments to study neutrino properties and their sources. With the advent of new precision experiments and intense neutrino sources constructed to investigate neutrino oscillations, the seemingly small neutrino interaction cross section demands precision measurements for a better understanding. We have presented a survey on neutrino interactions and cross sections in a concise format. We have also discussed the detection principle of neutrino detectors around the globe till date. Efforts have been made to discuss the neutrino interactions and cross sections based on the target element in the detector rather than interactions across the energy scale so as to understand the working principle and interaction mechanism in prospective neutrino detectors.
Characteristics of collective modes in anisotropic plasmas
Authors: Carrington Margaret E.
Published: July 2022

We use a quasi-particle picture and the hard-loop approximation to study collective modes in anisotropic plasmas. We study a general class of anisotropic distribution functions and derive and solve the dispersion equations. We focus on imaginary modes because of their potential influence on plasma dynamics, and we study their dependence on the parameters that characterize the anisotropy of the system. We show that the strength of the imaginary modes is related to the oblateness of the distribution, and the size of the azimuthal Fourier coefficients.
Investigation of comparative 3D nonlinear radiative heat transfer in [(MnZnFe2O4–NiZnFe2O4)/C8H18]hnf and C8H18 under the surface permeability with modified slip effects
Authors: Adnan  , Alqahtani Bader , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Iqbal Zahoor , Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Abbas Waseem , Khan Umar
Published: July 2022

The progress in new inventions in the modern technological world demands outstanding heat transport. Unfortunately, common solvents are unable to produce such desired amount of heat which compelled the scientists and researchers towards the development of new heat transfer fluids (Nanofluids). Therefore, the study of C8H[Formula: see text] with hybridization of [(MnZnFe2O4–NiZnFe2O[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] under novel effects of thermal radiations and convective heat conditions over a slippery permeable surface is organized. The modified thermophysical correlations for hybrid nanofluids were used and successfully achieved the modified heat transfer model. After numerical investigation, the results were plotted under varying parameters and provided for comprehensive discussion. The results revealed faster fluid motion and [Formula: see text] is dominant. The velocities drop significantly due to the permeability of the surface. Further, thermal radiations potentially boost heat transfer by providing extra energy to fluid particles. The temperature coefficient [Formula: see text] due to nonlinear thermal radiations also indicated faster heat transport.
Mathematical analysis of flow passing through a rectangular nozzle
Authors: Haider Jamil Abbas , Muhammad Noor
Published: July 2022

Practically speaking, fluid flow in round and noncircular nozzle is a very regular occurrence. The cold and hot water used in our homes is delivered to us via pipes. Water is delivered throughout the city via large pipe networks. Large pipelines carry natural gas and oil hundreds of kilometres from one place to another. During the operation of an engine, cooling water is carried by hoses to the radiator’s pipes, in which it is cooled as it travels. Experimentally, we detected the results of the model because there is no restriction on the application of experimental research to a certain sector or kind of concept. It may be used for a broad range of events and circumstances. Under parabolic velocity conditions, fluid (Water Pr 6.9) flows from the inlet position. The top and bottom walls of the rectangular nozzle are also moving at the same velocity as they are at the inlet position. Due to the movement of the walls, fluid is compressed in the particular region and also exhibits the same parabolic behavior. The solution of the coupled equations is determined by using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). When partial differential equations are expressed as algebraic equations, the FVM may be used to evaluate them. It can be used to evaluate elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic partial differential equations. Using FVM, it is necessary to know the values (and derivatives) of multiple variables at the cell faces, when the values (and derivatives) of these variables are only known at the cell centres. When determining these variables for convective terms, it is common to take the direction of the flow into consideration. The numerical results of the velocity and the pressure could be seen in the rectangular nozzle.
Heat transfer enrichment of nanofluid in a lid-driven porous cavity with an isothermal block
Authors: Rajarathinam M. , Khan M. Ijaz , Nithyadevi N. , Jameel Mohammed , Guedri Kamel , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

In this work, heat transfer enrichment using nanofluid in a lid-driven porous cavity having an isothermal solid block has been investigated numerically through three distinct cases based on the moving direction of horizontal wall(s). The modeled governing partial differential equations are numerically solved by SIMPLE algorithm and the resulting outcomes are validated with previous works both in qualitative and quantitative nature. Numerical results of various emerging parameters such as Richardson number ([Formula: see text]), Darcy number (10[Formula: see text]), Block length ([Formula: see text]) and volume fraction of suspended nanoparticles ([Formula: see text]) were discussed. The results clearly show that the direction of moving walls plays a crucial role on the flow and heat transfer, in particular, the opposite direction of moving walls yields the highest heat transfer rate. In addition to that, significant influence of isothermal block is found and determined that the block length of 0.75 causes the maximum rate of heat transfer in the entire system.
Three-dimensional unsteady flow of second-grade magnetic nanofluid with KKL correlation model
Authors: Jayaprakash M. C. , Sarada K. , Gowda R. J. Punith , Kumar Raman , Fareeduddin Mohammed , Ibrahim Talib K. , Suresha S. , Kumar R. Naveen
Published: July 2022

The flow of viscoelastic fluid owing to stretching surfaces (SSs) has become well-known among the demanding study fields of fluid mechanics due to its numerous practical applications. As a result, the major goal of this work is to scrutinize the three-dimensional (3D) unsteady flow of second-grade nanofluid. A magnetic field influences the fluid when an indefinitely long, straight wire delivers an electric current. Thermal radiation is taken into consideration while studying heat transmission characteristics. The effective thermal conductivity of nanofluid flow is scrutinized by adopting Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) nanofluid model. Through suitable transformations, relevant flow expressions are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical approach Runge–Kutta–fourth–fifth Fehlberg’s order method (RKF-45) with shooting technique is used to solve the generated ODEs. Further, it was noted that the CPU time to estimate the solutions of flow fields was less than (2.23 s). The outcome reveals that the rise in values of the time-dependent parameter positively impacts both velocity and thermal profiles. The improved heat transport is seen for augmented values of radiation and ferromagnetic interaction parameters.
Numerical simulation for Tiwari–Das model for Homann flow of nanofluid due to a spiraling disk: A spectral technique
Authors: Sadiq M. N. , Sajid M. , Fahim M. , Zafar H. , Fazil M. H.
Published: July 2022

This study extracts heat transfer analysis for the axisymmetric flow of CuO-water nanofluid imposing normal to a spiraling disk uniformly rotating and radially stretching. The combined influence of uniformly rotating and linearly radial stretching surface engenders the logarithmic spirals in motion. The governing system is transformed into a system of the ordinary differential equations that represent the flow. The Tiwari–Das [Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 50, 2002 (2007)] model is utilized to envisage the heat transfer and other physical properties of the nanofluid. A highly precise numerical technique named as Legendre wavelet-based spectral method is practiced to computing the impacts of the pertinent variables on the flow. The results of physical significance including the wall shear, skin frictions and heat transfer rate are attained for the multiple spiraling parameters and the nanoparticle volume fraction. The asymptotic results for the large spiraling parameter are also presented to analyze the flow behavior for the high spiraling parameter. The influence of the nanoparticles is also investigated and the enhancement in thermal conductivity is measured. The temperature and thermal layer thickness reduce for large spiraling parameter. Also addition of the nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate of the nanofluid.
Donag: Generating Efficient Patches and Diffs for Compressed Archives
Authors: May Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Differencing between compressed archives is a common task in file management and synchronization. Applications include source code distribution, application updates, and document synchronization. General purpose binary differencing tools can create and apply patches to compressed archives, but don’t consider the internal structure of the compressed archive or the file lifecycle. Therefore, they miss opportunities to save space based on the archive’s internal structure and metadata. To address the gap, we develop a content-aware, format independent theory for differencing on compressed archives and propose a canonical form and digest for compressed archives. Based on them, we present Donag, a content-aware differencing and patching algorithm that produces smaller patches than general purpose binary differencing tools on versioned archives by exploiting the compressed archives’ internal structure. Donag uses the VCDiff and BSDiff engines internally. We compare Donag’s patches to ones produced by bsdiff, xdelta3, and Delta++ on three classes of compressed archives: open-source code repositories, large and small applications, and office productivity documents (DOCX, XLSX, PPTX). Donag’s patches are typically 10% to 89% smaller than those produced by bsdiff, xdelta3, and Delta++, with reasonable memory overhead and throughput on commodity hardware. In the worst case, Donag’s patches are negligibly larger.
Htex
Authors: Barbier Wilhem , Dupuy Jonathan
Published: July 2022

We introduce per-halfedge texturing (Htex) a GPU-friendly method for texturing arbitrary polygon-meshes without an explicit parameterization. Htex builds upon the insight that halfedges encode an intrinsic triangulation for polygon meshes, where each halfedge spans a unique triangle with direct adjacency information. Rather than storing a separate texture per face of the input mesh as is done by previous parameterization-free texturing methods, Htex stores a square texture for each halfedge and its twin. We show that this simple change from face to halfedge induces two important properties for high performance parameterization-free texturing. First, Htex natively supports arbitrary polygons without requiring dedicated code for, e.g, non-quad faces. Second, Htex leads to a straightforward and efficient GPU implementation that uses only three texture-fetches per halfedge to produce continuous texturing across the entire mesh. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Htex by rendering production assets in real time.