bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-driven malaria prevalence prediction in large densely populated urban holoendemic sub-Saharan West Africa
Authors: Brown Biobele J. , Manescu Petru , Przybylski Alexander A. , Caccioli Fabio , Oyinloye Gbeminiyi , Elmi Muna , Shaw Michael J. , Pawar Vijay , Claveau Remy , Shawe-Taylor John , Srinivasan Mandayam A. , Afolabi Nathaniel K. , Rees Geraint , Orimadegun Adebola E. , Ajetunmobi Wasiu A. , Akinkunmi Francis , Kowobari Olayinka , Osinusi Kikelomo , Akinbami Felix O. , Omokhodion Samuel , Shokunbi Wuraola A. , Lagunju Ikeoluwa , Sodeinde Olugbemiro , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro
Published: September 2020

Over 200 million malaria cases globally lead to half-million deaths annually. The development of malaria prevalence prediction systems to support malaria care pathways has been hindered by lack of data, a tendency towards universal “monolithic” models (one-size-fits-all-regions) and a focus on long lead time predictions. Current systems do not provide short-term local predictions at an accuracy suitable for deployment in clinical practice. Here we show a data-driven approach that reliably produces one-month-ahead prevalence prediction within a densely populated all-year-round malaria metropolis of over 3.5 million inhabitants situated in Nigeria which has one of the largest global burdens of P. falciparum malaria. We estimate one-month-ahead prevalence in a unique 22-years prospective regional dataset of > 9 × 104 participants attending our healthcare services. Our system agrees with both magnitude and direction of the prediction on validation data achieving MAE ≤ 6 × 10–2, MSE ≤ 7 × 10–3, PCC (median 0.63, IQR 0.3) and with more than 80% of estimates within a (+ 0.1 to − 0.05) error-tolerance range which is clinically relevant for decision-support in our holoendemic setting. Our data-driven approach could facilitate healthcare systems to harness their own data to support local malaria care pathways.
Comparative effects of virtual reality training and sensory motor training on bone morphogenic proteins and inflammatory biomarkers in post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Elsayed Shereen H. , Khalil Mona A. , Alrawaili Saud M. , Alsubaie Saud F.
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to compare the effects of virtual reality training (VRT) and sensory-motor training (SMT) in bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and inflammatory biomarkers expression in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after the anterior cruciate ligament injury. Through a simple random sampling method, 60 eligible participants were allocated into VRT (n = 20), SMT (n = 20), and control groups (n = 20). They underwent training programs for 4 weeks. Clinical (pain intensity and functional disability) and biochemical (bone morphogenic proteins and inflammatory biomarkers) values were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 3 months follow up. Four weeks following training, the VRT group shows more significant changes in pain intensity and functional disability than SMT and control groups (P < 0.001). Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) measures such as BMP 2, 4, 6, and 7 don’t show any significant changes between the groups. But at the same time, the VRT group shows positive improvement in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6) analysis than the other two groups (P < 0.001). Our study suggests that including virtual reality training in PTOA shows beneficial changes in pain, functional disability, and modification of inflammatory biomarkers than sensory-motor training, but at the same time it shows a negligible effect on bone morphogenic proteins.
Anisotropic characteristics and improved magnetic performance of Ca–La–Co-substituted strontium hexaferrite nanomagnets
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lee Eun Jae , Hwang Tae-Yeon , Kim Jongryoul , Choa Yong-Ho
Published: September 2020

Recent studies on next-generation permanent magnets have focused on filling in the gap between rare-earth magnets and rare-earth-free magnets, taking into account both the cost-effectiveness and magnetic performance of the magnetic materials. As an improved rare-earth-free magnet candidate, here, Ca-substituted M-type Sr-lean hexaferrite particles within a nano- to micro-scale regime, produced using an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, are investigated. Theoretically, the maximum coercivity (Hc) can be achieved in submicron Sr-ferrite crystals (i.e., 0.89 μm). The plate-like resultants showed a significant enhancement in Hc, up to a record high of 7880.4 Oe, with no deterioration in magnetization (M: 71–72 emu/g). This resulted in more favorable magnetic properties than those of the traditional Sr–La–Co ferrites. On the basis of microstructural analysis and fitting results based on the law of approach to saturation method, the Ca-substitution effects on the change in size and anisotropic characteristics of the ferrite particles, including pronounced lateral crystal growth and a strong increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy, are clearly demonstrated. The cost-effective, submicron, and Ca-substituted Sr-ferrite is an excellent potential magnet and moreover may overcome the limitations of traditional hard magnetic materials.
Novel diffuse white matter abnormality biomarker at term-equivalent age enhances prediction of long-term motor development in very preterm children
Authors: Parikh Nehal A. , Harpster Karen , He Lili , Illapani Venkata Sita Priyanka , Khalid Fatima Chughtai , Klebanoff Mark A. , O’Shea T. Michael , Altaye Mekibib
Published: September 2020

Our objective was to evaluate the independent prognostic value of a novel MRI biomarker—objectively diagnosed diffuse white matter abnormality volume (DWMA; diffuse excessive high signal intensity)—for prediction of motor outcomes in very preterm infants. We prospectively enrolled a geographically-based cohort of very preterm infants without severe brain injury and born before 32 weeks gestational age. Structural brain MRI was obtained at term-equivalent age and DWMA volume was objectively quantified using a published validated algorithm. These results were compared with visually classified DWMA. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the value of DWMA volume, independent of known predictors, to predict motor development as assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development, Third Edition at 3 years of age. The mean (SD) gestational age of the cohort was 28.3 (2.4) weeks. In multivariable analyses, controlling for gestational age, sex, and abnormality on structural MRI, DWMA volume was an independent prognostic biomarker of Bayley Motor scores ($$\beta $$
β
= −12.59 [95% CI −18.70, −6.48] R2 = 0.41). Conversely, visually classified DWMA was not predictive of motor development. In conclusion, objectively quantified DWMA is an independent prognostic biomarker of long-term motor development in very preterm infants and warrants further study.
Controlling the flux of reactive species: a case study on thin film deposition in an aniline/argon plasma
Authors: Sciacqua D. , Pattyn C. , Jagodar A. , von Wahl E. , Lecas T. , Strunskus T. , Kovacevic E. , Berndt J.
Published: September 2020

The plasma based synthesis of thin films is frequently used to deposit ultra-thin and pinhole-free films on a wide class of different substrates. However, the synthesis of thin films by means of low temperature plasmas is rather complex due to the great number of different species (neutrals, radicals, ions) that are potentially involved in the deposition process. This contribution deals with polymerization processes in a capacitively coupled discharge operated in a mixture of argon and aniline where the latter is a monomer, which is used for the production of plasma-polymerized polyaniline, a material belonging to the class of conductive polymers. This work will present a particular experimental approach that allows to (partially) distinguish the contribution of different species to the film growth and thus to control to a certain extent the properties of the resulting material. The control of the species flux emerging from the plasma and contributing to the film growth also sheds new light on the deposition process, in particular with respect to the role of the ion component. The analysis of the produced films has been performed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS).
Neutrophil elastase promotes macrophage cell adhesion and cytokine production through the integrin-Src kinases pathway
Authors: Krotova Karina , Khodayari Nazli , Oshins Regina , Aslanidi George , Brantly Mark L.
Published: September 2020

There are a number of respiratory diseases characterized by the presence of excess neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in tissues, including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NE is considered a primary contributor to disease development, but the precise mechanism has yet to be fully determined. We hypothesized that NE alters the function of macrophages (Mɸ) which play a critical role in many physiological processes in healthy lungs. We demonstrate that monocyte-derived Mɸ exposed to NE releases active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), increase expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8, and reduce capacity to phagocytose bacteria. Changes in Mɸ function following NE treatment were accompanied by increased adhesion and cytoskeleton re-arrangement, indicating the possibility of integrin involvement. To support this observation, we demonstrate that NE induces phosphorylation of kinases from the Src kinase family, a hallmark of integrin signaling activation. Moreover, pretreatment of Mɸ with a specific Src kinase inhibitor, PP2 completely prevents NE-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together these findings indicate that NE participates in lung destruction not only through direct proteolytic degradation of matrix proteins, but also through activation of Mɸ inflammatory and proteolytic functions.
Gram-positive bacteria control the rapid anabolism of protein-sized soil organic nitrogen compounds questioning the present paradigm
Authors: Enggrob Kirsten Lønne , Larsen Thomas , Peixoto Leanne , Rasmussen Jim
Published: September 2020

The cycling of especially large size organic nitrogen (N) from plants into stable microbial derived soil organic carbon (C) and N pools is understudied, in spite of organic N composing 90% of soil N and the intimate link between organic N and soil C stabilization. We investigated the fate of peptide-size and protein-size organic N fractions in soils from two long-term field experiments markedly differing in conditions for microorganisms. We combined amino acid stable isotope probing (AA-SIP) fingerprinting with PLFA-SIP to trace organic N into the soil microbial biomass. Contrary to the present paradigm, we found for both soils that greater molecular size did not protect against decomposition of these compounds neither did protection via strong sorption to the soil mineral phase. Instead, we found strong evidence that gram-positive bacteria are the key actors in the decomposition of protein-sized nitrogen compounds and that amino acids bound in large organic nitrogen compounds directly contribute to the build-up of bacterial tissue. We conclude that when large organic nitrogen compounds are dissolved, turnover occurs rapidly, irrespective of molecular size, and the bacterial incorporation of these rapid cycling compounds makes an important contribution to soil organic matter formation.
Egr1 loss-of-function promotes beige adipocyte differentiation and activation specifically in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue
Authors: Bléher Marianne , Meshko Berbang , Cacciapuoti Isabelle , Gergondey Rachel , Kovacs Yoann , Duprez Delphine , L’Honoré Aurore , Havis Emmanuelle
Published: September 2020

In mice, exercise, cold exposure and fasting lead to the differentiation of inducible-brown adipocytes, called beige adipocytes, within white adipose tissue and have beneficial effects on fat burning and metabolism, through heat production. This browning process is associated with an increased expression of the key thermogenic mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, Ucp1. Egr1 transcription factor has been described as a regulator of white and beige differentiation programs, and Egr1 depletion is associated with a spontaneous increase of subcutaneous white adipose tissue browning, in absence of external stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that Egr1 mutant mice exhibit a restrained Ucp1 expression specifically increased in subcutaneous fat, resulting in a metabolic shift to a more brown-like, oxidative metabolism, which was not observed in other fat depots. In addition, Egr1 is necessary and sufficient to promote white and alter beige adipocyte differentiation of mouse stem cells. These results suggest that modulation of Egr1 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to increase energy expenditure and to restrain obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Deciphering collaborative sidechain motions in proteins during molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Taddese Bruck , Garnier Antoine , Abdi Hervé , Henrion Daniel , Chabbert Marie
Published: September 2020

The dynamic structure of proteins is essential for their functions and may include large conformational transitions which can be studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, details of these transitions are difficult to automatically track. To facilitate their analysis, we developed two scores of correlation between sidechain dihedral angles. The CIRCULAR and OMES scores are computed from, respectively, dihedral angle values and rotamer distributions. As a case study, we applied our methods to an activation-like transition of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, observed during accelerated MD simulations. The principal component analysis of the correlation matrices was consistent with the networking structure of the top ranking pairs. Both scores identify a set of residues whose “collaborative” sidechain rotamerization immediately preceded or accompanied the conformational transition of CXCR4. Detailed analysis of the sequential order of these rotamerizations suggests that an allosteric mechanism, involving the outward motion of an asparagine residue in transmembrane helix 3, might be a prerequisite to the large scale conformational transition of CXCR4. This case study provides the proof-of-concept that the correlation methods developed here are valuable exploratory techniques to help decipher complex reactional pathways.
Gender differences in adolescent sleep neurophysiology: a high-density sleep EEG study
Authors: Markovic Andjela , Kaess Michael , Tarokh Leila
Published: September 2020

During adolescence, differences between males and females in physiology, behavior and risk for psychopathology are accentuated. The goal of the current study was to examine gender differences in sleep neurophysiology using high-density sleep EEG in early adolescence. We examined gender differences in sleep EEG power and coherence across frequency bands for both NREM and REM sleep in a sample of 61 adolescents (31 girls and 30 boys; mean age = 12.48; SD = 1.34). In addition, sleep spindles were individually detected and characterized. Compared to boys, girls had significantly greater spindle activity, as reflected in higher NREM sigma power, spindle amplitude, spindle frequency and spindle density over widespread regions. Furthermore, power in higher frequency bands (16.2–44 Hz) was larger in girls than boys in a state independent manner. Oscillatory activity across frequency bands and sleep states was generally more coherent in females as compared to males, suggesting greater connectivity in females. An exception to this finding was the alpha band during NREM and REM sleep, where coherence was higher (NREM) or not different (REM) in boys compared to girls. Sleep spindles are generated through thalamocortical circuits, and thus, the greater spindle activity across regions in females may represent a stronger thalamocortical circuit in adolescent females as compared to males. Moreover, greater global connectivity in females may reflect functional brain differences with implications for cognition and mental health. Given the pronounced gender differences, our study highlights the importance of taking gender into account when designing and interpreting studies of sleep neurophysiology.
A randomised trial evaluating the effect of intraoperative iron administration
Authors: Lee Bora , Kim Eun Jung , Song Jaewoo , Jung Young-Soo , Koo Bon-Nyeo
Published: September 2020

Perioperative anaemia increases postoperative morbidity and mortality, and iron deficiency is anaemia’s most common cause in surgical patients. Preoperative intravenous iron increases postoperative haemoglobin; however, data regarding intraoperative intravenous iron’s effectiveness are inadequate. This study examined intraoperative intravenous iron’s effects on postoperative haemoglobin levels in adults. Fifty-seven healthy subjects (aged 19–40 years) scheduled for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were assigned randomly to the iron (n = 28) or control (n = 29) groups. The iron group received intravenous ferric derisomaltose (1,000 mg) after anaesthetic induction. The control group received an identical volume of intravenous normal saline. The primary outcome was postoperative haemoglobin level. Secondary outcomes included other postoperative haematologic and iron parameters. Laboratory data were obtained preoperatively and at 1 day, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Haemoglobin was higher in the iron group 2 weeks postoperatively (12.9 g/dL vs. 12.2 g/dL), but the between-group difference was not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. However, the reticulocyte production index was significantly higher in the iron group 2 weeks postoperatively. Intraoperative intravenous iron maintains postoperative haemoglobin values in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by increasing haematopoietic function and iron bioavailability and therefore appears to be a useful strategy for blood management.
Treatment optimization of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure therapy
Authors: Niriayo Yirga Legesse , Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam , Gidey Kidu
Published: September 2020

Although evidence based guidelines recommend optimal use of beta blockers in all patients with chronic heart failure unless contraindicated, they are often underutilized and/or prescribed below the recommended dosage in the majority of patients with heart failure. To our knowledge, however, the optimal use of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure is not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the utilization and optimization of beta blockers in the management of patients with chronic heart failure in Ethiopia. A prospective observational study was conducted among ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure in Ethiopia. We included adult patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% who had been on follow-up for at least 6 months. Patients were recruited into the study during their appointment for medication refilling using simple random sampling technique. All patients were followed for at least 6 months to determine the optimal use of beta blockers. The optimal use of beta blockers was determined according to evidence based guidelines. After explaining the purpose of the study, we obtained written informed consent from all participants. Data were collected through patient interview and review of patients’ medical records. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with utilization of beta blockers. A total of 288 patients were included in the study. Out of the total, 67% of the patients were receiving beta blockers. Among the patients who received beta blockers, 34.2% were taking guideline recommended beta blockers while 65.8% were taking atenolol, which is not guideline recommended beta blocker. Among the patients who received guideline recommended beta blockers, only 3% were taking optimal dose. Prior hospitalization [Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19–0.76], dose of furosemide > 40 mg (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.76), ischemic heart disease (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.66–6.45), atrial fibrillation (AOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.38–14.13) were significantly associated with the utilization of beta-blockers. Despite proven benefit, beta blockers were not optimally used in most of the participants in this study. The presence of ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were positively associated with the utilization of beta blockers while hospitalization and higher diuretic dose were negatively associated with the utilization of beta blockers. Clinicians should attempt to use evidence based beta blockers at guideline recommended target doses that have been shown to have morbidity and mortality benefit in chronic heart failure. Moreover, more effort needs to be done to minimize the potentially modifiable risk factors for underutilization of beta blocker in chronic heart failure therapy.
PKIS deep dive yields a chemical starting point for dark kinases and a cell active BRSK2 inhibitor
Authors: Tamir Tigist Y. , Drewry David H. , Wells Carrow , Major M. Ben , Axtman Alison D.
Published: September 2020

The Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS) is a publicly-available chemogenomic library distributed to more than 300 laboratories by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) between 2011 and 2015 and by SGC-UNC from 2015 to 2017. Screening this library of well-annotated, published kinase inhibitors has yielded a plethora of data in diverse therapeutic and scientific areas, funded applications, publications, and provided impactful pre-clinical results. GW296115 is a compound that was included in PKIS based on its promising selectivity following profiling against 260 human kinases. Herein we present more comprehensive profiling data for 403 wild type human kinases and follow-up enzymatic screening results for GW296115. This more thorough investigation of GW296115 has confirmed it as a potent inhibitor of kinases including BRSK1 and BRSK2 that were identified in the original panel of 260 kinases as well as surfaced other kinases that it potently inhibits. Based on these new kinome-wide screening results, we report that GW296115 is an inhibitor of several members of the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) list of understudied dark kinases. Specifically, our results establish GW296115 as a potent lead chemical tool that inhibits six IDG kinases with IC50 values less than 100 nM. Focused studies establish that GW296115 is cell active, and directly engages BRSK2. Further evaluation showed that GW296115 downregulates BRSK2-driven phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Therefore, we present GW296115 as a cell-active chemical tool that can be used to interrogate the poorly characterized function(s) of BRSK2.
Predicting binding sites from unbound versus bound protein structures
Authors: Clark Jordan J. , Orban Zachary J. , Carlson Heather A.
Published: September 2020

We present the application of seven binding-site prediction algorithms to a meticulously curated dataset of ligand-bound and ligand-free crystal structures for 304 unique protein sequences (2528 crystal structures). We probe the influence of starting protein structures on the results of binding-site prediction, so the dataset contains a minimum of two ligand-bound and two ligand-free structures for each protein. We use this dataset in a brief survey of five geometry-based, one energy-based, and one machine-learning-based methods: Surfnet, Ghecom, LIGSITEcsc, Fpocket, Depth, AutoSite, and Kalasanty. Distributions of the F scores and Matthew’s correlation coefficients for ligand-bound versus ligand-free structure performance show no statistically significant difference in structure type versus performance for most methods. Only Fpocket showed a statistically significant but low magnitude enhancement in performance for holo structures. Lastly, we found that most methods will succeed on some crystal structures and fail on others within the same protein family, despite all structures being relatively high-quality structures with low structural variation. We expected better consistency across varying protein conformations of the same sequence. Interestingly, the success or failure of a given structure cannot be predicted by quality metrics such as resolution, Cruickshank Diffraction Precision index, or unresolved residues. Cryptic sites were also examined.
PRMT5-mediated methylation of YBX1 regulates NF-κB activity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hartley Antja-Voy , Wang Benlian , Mundade Rasika , Jiang Guanglong , Sun Mengyao , Wei Han , Sun Steven , Liu Yunlong , Lu Tao
Published: September 2020

The multifunctional protein Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), is a critical regulator of transcription and translation, and is widely recognized as an oncogenic driver in several solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very little is known about the upstream or downstream factors that underlie YBX1′s regulation and involvement in CRC. Previously, we demonstrated that YBX1 overexpression correlated with potent activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a well-known transcription factor believed to be crucial in CRC progression. Here, we report a novel interaction between NF-κB, YBX1 and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Our findings reveal for the first time that PRMT5 catalyzes methylation of YBX1 at arginine 205 (YBX1-R205me2), an event that is critical for YBX1-mediated NF-κB activation and its downstream target gene expression. Importantly, when WT-YBX1 is overexpressed, this methylation exists under basal (unstimulated) conditions and is further augmented upon interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that the R205 to alanine (A) mutant of YBX1 (YBX1-R205A) interacted less well with the p65 subunit of NF-κB and attenuated the DNA binding ability of p65. Importantly, overexpression of YBX1-R205A significantly reduced cell growth, migration and anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells. Collectively, our findings shed important light on the regulation of a novel PRMT5/YBX1/NF-κB axis through PRMT5-mediated YBX1-R205 methylation. Given the fact that PRMT5, YBX1 and NF-κB are all among top crucial factors in cancer progression, pharmacological disruption of this pivotal axis could serve as the basis for new therapeutics for CRC and other PRMT5/YBX1/NF-κB-associated cancers.
Differential epigenetic regulation between the alternative promoters, PRDM1α and PRDM1β, of the tumour suppressor gene PRDM1 in human multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Romero-García Raquel , Gómez-Jaramillo Laura , Mateos Rosa María , Jiménez-Gómez Gema , Pedreño-Horrillo Nuria , Foncubierta Esther , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Juan Francisco , Garzón Sebastián , Mora-López Francisco , Rodríguez Carmen , Valor Luis M. , Campos-Caro Antonio
Published: September 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm that is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. The transcription factor PRDM1 is a master regulator of plasma cell development and is considered to be an oncosuppressor in several lymphoid neoplasms. The PRDM1β isoform is an alternative promoter of the PRDM1 gene that may interfere with the normal role of the PRDM1α isoform. To explain the induction of the PRDM1β isoform in MM and to offer potential therapeutic strategies to modulate its expression, we characterized the cis regulatory elements and epigenetic status of its promoter. We observed unexpected patterns of hypermethylation and hypomethylation at the PRDM1α and PRDM1β promoters, respectively, and prominent H3K4me1 and H3K9me2 enrichment at the PRDM1β promoter in non-expressing cell lines compared to PRDM1β-expressing cell lines. After treatment with drugs that inhibit DNA methylation, we were able to modify the activity of the PRDM1β promoter but not that of the PRDM1α promoter. Epigenetic drugs may offer the ability to control the expression of the PRDM1α/PRDM1β promoters as components of novel therapeutic approaches.
Atomic, electronic and magnetic structure of an oxygen interstitial in neutron-irradiated Al2O3 single crystals
Authors: Seeman V. , Lushchik A. , Shablonin E. , Prieditis G. , Gryaznov D. , Platonenko A. , Kotomin E. A. , Popov A. I.
Published: September 2020

A single radiation-induced superoxide ion $$O_{2}^{ - }$$

O

2

-

has been observed for the first time in metal oxides. This structural defect has been revealed in fast-neutron-irradiated (6.9×1018n/cm2) corundum (α-Al2O3) single crystals using the EPR method. Based on the angular dependence of the EPR lines at the magnetic field rotation in different planes and the determined g tensor components, it is shown that this hole-type $$O_{2}^{ - }$$

O

2

-

center (i) incorporates one regular and one interstitial oxygen atoms being stabilized by a trapped hole (S = 1/2), (ii) occupies one oxygen site in the (0001) plane being oriented along the a axis, and (iii) does not contain any other imperfection/defect in its immediate vicinity. The thermal stepwise annealing (observed via the EPR signal and corresponding optical absorption bands) of the $$O_{2}^{ - }$$

O

2

-

centers, caused by their destruction with release of a mobile ion (tentatively the oxygen ion with the formal charge −1), occurs at 500–750 K, simultaneously with the partial decay of single F-type centers (mostly with the EPR-active F+ centers). The obtained experimental results are in line with the superoxide defect configurations obtained via density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the hybrid B3PW exchange-correlation functional. In particular, the DFT calculations confirm the $$O_{2}^{ - }$$

O

2

-

center spin S = 1/2, its orientation along the a axis. The $$O_{2}^{ - }$$

O

2

-

center is characterized by a short O–O bond length of 1.34 Å and different atomic charges and magnetic moments of the two oxygens. We emphasize the important role of atomic charges and magnetic moments analysis in order to identify the ground state configuration.
Expanded Chinese hamster organ and cell line proteomics profiling reveals tissue-specific functionalities
Authors: Heffner Kelley , Hizal Deniz Baycin , Majewska Natalia I. , Kumar Swetha , Dhara Venkata Gayatri , Zhu Jie , Bowen Michael , Hatton Diane , Yerganian George , Yerganian Athena , O’Meally Robert , Cole Robert , Betenbaugh Michael
Published: September 2020

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant production vehicle for biotherapeutics. Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. Of the 8470 unique proteins identified, high similarity was observed between CHO-S and CHO DG44 and included increases in proteins involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, RNA processing, and chromosome processing. Alternatively, gene ontology and pathway analysis in tissues indicated increased protein intensities related to important tissue functionalities. Proteins enriched in the brain included those involved in acidic amino acid metabolism, Golgi apparatus, and ion and phospholipid transport. The lung showed enrichment in proteins involved in BCAA catabolism, ROS metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and lipid synthesis while the ovary exhibited enrichments in extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins. The heart proteome included vasoconstriction, complement activation, and lipoprotein metabolism enrichments. These detailed comparisons of CHO cell lines and hamster tissues will enhance understanding of the relationship between proteins and tissue function and pinpoint potential pathways of biotechnological relevance for future cell engineering.
Genipin inhibits rotavirus-induced diarrhea by suppressing viral replication and regulating inflammatory responses
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwa , Kim Kiyoung , Kim Wonyong
Published: September 2020

Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among young children worldwide. However, agents specifically designed to treat rotavirus infection have not been developed yet. In this study, the anti-rotavirus and anti-inflammatory effects of genipin, a chemical compound found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides, were evaluated. Genipin had an antiviral effect against the human rotavirus Wa and SA-11 strains in vitro, and it inhibited two distinct stages of the viral replication cycle: attachment and penetration (early stage) in pre-treatment and assembly and release (late stage) in post-treatment. Additionally, genipin downregulated nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells. Oral administration of genipin before and after viral infection with the murine rotavirus epidemic diarrhea of infant mice strain led to a reduced duration of diarrhea and faecal viral shedding and to decreased destruction of the enteric epithelium. Genipin could have potential as a natural compound with preventive and therapeutic effects against infection and colitis caused by rotavirus.
Intrinsic functional connectivity of blue and red brains: neurobiological evidence of different stress resilience between political attitudes
Authors: Kim Taekwan , Hur Ji-Won , Kwak Seoyeon , Jang Dayk , Lee Sang-Hun , Kwon Jun Soo
Published: September 2020

Conservatives are more sensitive to threatening/anxious situations in perceptual and cognitive levels, experiencing emotional responses and stress, while liberals are more responsive to but tolerant of ambiguous and uncertain information. Interestingly, conservatives have greater psychological well-being and are more satisfied with their lives than liberals despite their psychological vulnerability to stress caused by threat and anxiety sensitivities. We investigated whether conservatives have greater resilience and self-regulation capacity, which are suggested to be psychological buffers that enhance psychological well-being, than liberals and moderates. We also explored associations between intrinsic functional brain organization and these psychological resources to expand our neurobiological understanding of self-regulatory processes in neuropolitics. We found that conservatives, compared to liberals and moderates, had greater psychological resilience and self-regulation capacity that were attributable to greater impulse control and causal reasoning. Stronger intrinsic connectivities between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and precuneus and between the insula and frontal pole/OFC in conservatives were correlated with greater resilience and self-regulation capacity. These results suggest the neural underpinnings that may allow conservatives to manage the psychological stress and achieve greater life satisfaction. This study provides neuroscientific evidence for the different responses of liberals and conservatives to politically relevant social issues.
Inoculation of Ensifer fredii strain LP2/20 immobilized in agar results in growth promotion and alteration of bacterial community structure of Chinese kale planted soil
Authors: Pongsilp Neelawan , Nimnoi Pongrawee
Published: September 2020

In our former research, we succeeded in using agar, alginate, and perlite as immobilization materials to maintain long-term survival of the inoculant, Ensifer fredii LP2/20, in a controlled glasshouse. Therefore the information on the establishment and activity of the inoculant to promote plant growth under field conditions, the effects of the inoculant on the soil microbial communities and specific microbial taxa, and the association between the inoculant and soil elements merit further studies. Here, we found that agar was the most suitable material that supported the establishment of the inoculant under field conditions. RNA-based analysis showed that E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar was still metabolically active at day 50 after being introduced into soil. Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%). Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%). High-throughput next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were dominant phyla in Chinese kale field soil. Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 significantly affected the soil bacterial community structure by decreasing total bacterial richness and diversity. The numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria were significantly increased while the number of delta-Proteobacteria was significantly decreased due to E. fredii LP2/20 establishment. Soil total P, K, and Ca and soil pH were the important factors that shaped the soil bacterial community composition.
Prevalence of depression among Chinese university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Li , Xie Yuanchen , Jia Chunhua , Wang Wei
Published: September 2020

Estimates of the depression prevalence among Chinese university students vary considerably across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively analyze the depression prevalence among Chinese university students. We searched four electronic databases with the search terms of depression, China, university student, and questionnaire. Studies reporting depression among Chinese university students were included in the analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the qualities of the studies. The package of “meta” in R Foundation for Statistical Computing was used to calculate an overall proportion in a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors on the depression prevalence. Any conflict in the data analysis was discussed by all the reviewers. A total of 113 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of depression among Chinese university students was shown to be 28.4% (n = 185,787), with 95%CI from 25.7 to 31.2%. The overall depression prevalence among Chinese university students was still relatively high. More efforts need to be done to provide better mental healthcare to university students in China.
The superior frontal longitudinal tract: a connection between the dorsal premotor and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices
Authors: Bakhit Mudathir , Fujii Masazumi , Hiruta Ryo , Yamada Masayuki , Iwami Kenichiro , Sato Taku , Saito Kiyoshi
Published: September 2020

A few studies have identified the structural connection between the premotor area and the lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the frontal longitudinal system (FLS). This study investigated the existence of a direct segment (none U-fibre) of the superior part of the FLS (sFLS), which connects the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and DLPFC and analysed its asymmetry and termination point patterns. A dataset of diffusion-weighted images from 48 subjects was used for generalised q-sampling imaging tractography. Additionally, a white-fibre dissection was conducted in two right hemispheres. An analysis of spatial location, termination points, laterality, and correlation with the subjects’ gender or handedness was performed. The sFLS was found to have a deeper longitudinal bundle directly connecting the PMd and DLPFC. The bundle is referred to hereafter as the superior frontal longitudinal tract (SFLT). The SFLT was reconstructed in 100% of right and 88% of left hemispheres. It exhibited variable patterns in different subjects in their posterior terminations. In addition, it was found to possess a complicated spatial relationship with the adjacent bundles. The SFLT was revealed successfully in two cadaveric right hemispheres, where the posterior terminations were found to originate in the PMd independent of the superior longitudinal fasciculus.
Systematic selection and validation of suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization studies of gene expression in Nitraria tangutorum
Authors: Wang Bo , Duan Huirong , Chong Peifang , Su Shiping , Shan Lishan , Yi Dan , Wang Lirong , Li Yi
Published: September 2020

Suitable reference genes can be used to calibrate the error in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments, making the results more credible. However, there are no reference genes suitable for multiple species and under different experimental conditions. Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. is a typical plant native to desert areas. It is drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant, extreme temperatures-resistant, and has strong adaptability. To date, the importance of this germplasm has not been sufficiently understood; therefore, it is still unclear which genes can be used as reference genes to calibrate qPCR data of N. tangutorum. In this study we analyzed the expression levels of 10 candidate reference genes (ACT, GAPDH, TUA, TUB, CYP, UBC, His, PP2A, HSP, and EF1-α) in N. tangutorum seedlings under a series of experimental conditions, including in different organs (root, stem, and leaf) and under abiotic stresses (salt, drought, heat, and cold) and hormone stimuli (abscisic acid) by qPCR. Three software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate the expression stability of the ten genes. Comprehensive analysis showed that EF1-α and His had the best expression stability, whereas HSP was the least suitable as a reference gene. The expression profile of NtCER7, a gene related to the regulation of cuticular wax biosynthesis in N. tangutorum, verified the accuracy of the experimental results. Based on this study, we recommend EF1-α and His as suitable reference genes for N. tangutorum. This paper provides the first data on stable reference genes in N. tangutorum, which will be beneficial to studying the gene expression of N. tangutorum and other Nitraria species in the future.
Coupled changes in soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community composition in urban and suburban forests
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Chen Xiaomei , Liu Muying , Xu Zhanying , Wei Hui
Published: September 2020

Climate change and rapid urbanization have greatly impacted urban forest ecosystems and the carbon (C) cycle. To assess the effects of urbanization on forest soil C and soil microorganisms, six natural forests in a highly-urbanized region were selected as the research objects. Soil samples were collected to investigate the content and fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as the soil microbial community composition. The results showed that the SOC content and fractions were substantially lower in the urban forests than in the suburban forests. Meanwhile, the total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) at suburban sites was twice more than that at urban sites, with shifts in microbial community structure. The potential differences in C inputs and nutrient limitation in urban forests may aggravate the low quantity and quality of SOC and consequently impact microbial community abundance and structure. Variation in microbial community structure was found to explain the loss of soil C pools by affecting the C inputs and promoting the decomposition of SOC. Therefore, the coupled changes in SOC and soil microorganisms induced by urbanization may adversely affect soil C sequestration in subtropical forests.
Effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron for the immobilization of Cu and/or Ni in water and soil samples
Authors: Gil-Díaz M. , Álvarez M. A. , Alonso J. , Lobo M. C.
Published: September 2020

In the last few years, the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a treatment for polluted waters and soils has been widely studied. However, little data are available on its efficacy for metal immobilization at low and moderate doses. In this study, the effectiveness of two doses of commercial nZVI (1 and 5%) to immobilize Cu and/or Ni in water and acidic soil samples was evaluated. The influence of the nanoremediation technology on iron availability, physico-chemical soil properties and soil phytotoxicity was also assessed. The results show that the effectiveness of nZVI to immobilize Cu and Ni in water and soil samples was determined by the dose of the nanomaterial and the presence of both metals. Nickel immobilization was significantly decreased by the presence of Cu but the opposite effect was not observed. nZVI showed better immobilization capacity in water than in soil samples. In water, the dose of 5% completely removed both metals, whereas at a lower dose (1%) the percentage of immobilized metal decreased, especially for Ni in Cu + Ni samples. In soil samples, 5% nZVI was more effective in immobilizing Ni than Cu, with a 54% and 21% reduction of leachability, respectively, in single contaminated samples. In Cu + Ni soil samples, nZVI treatment led to a significant decrease in Ni immobilization, similar to that observed in water samples. The application of nZVI induced a dose-dependent increase in available Fe—a relevant effect in the context of soil rehabilitation. Germination assays of Medicago sativa and Vicia sativa seeds revealed that treatment with nZVI did not induce phytotoxicity under the experimental conditions tested, and that the phytotoxicity induced by Ni decreased significantly after the treatment. Thus, the use of nZVI emerges as an interesting option for Cu and/or Ni immobilization in water samples. The effectiveness of nZVI to remove Cu from acidic soil samples was moderate, while for Ni it was strongly dependent on the presence of Cu. These observations therefore indicate that the results in water samples cannot be extrapolated to soil samples.
Effect of enzymatic treatment of citrus by-products on bacterial growth, adhesion and cytokine production by Caco-2 cells
Authors: de Paula Menezes Barbosa Paula , Roggia Ruviaro Amanda , Mateus Martins Isabela , Alves Macedo Juliana , LaPointe Gisèle , Alves Macedo Gabriela
Published: September 2020

Enzymatic extracts of citrus by-products presented antibacterial and prebiotic activities, played an important role in the adhesion of probiotics, foodborne pathogens, and in the inflammatory response of Caco-2 cells due to S. Typhimurium infection.
Isolation and identification of bioactive peptides from Xuanwei ham that rescue oxidative stress damage induced by alcohol in HHL-5 hepatocytes
Authors: Nie Wen , Zhou Kai , Wang Ying , Wang Zhao-Ming , Xie Yong , Zhou Hui , Xu Bao-Cai
Published: September 2020

Bioactive peptide in Xuanwei hams helps hepatocytes resist oxidative stress induced by alcohol through down-regulation ofCYP2E1expression, reducing generation of ROS and enhancing oxidant defense systemsviathe activation ofNrf2/HO-1pathway.
A CO2-gated anodic aluminum oxide based nanocomposite membrane for de-emulsification
Authors: Huang Xia , Mutlu Hatice , Theato Patrick
Published: September 2020

A polymer-grafted through-hole anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane with carbon dioxide (CO2)-responsive controlled permeability for water flux control and emulsion separation was demonstrated.
Controlling the non-linear emission of upconversion nanoparticles to enhance super-resolution imaging performance
Authors: De Camillis Simone , Ren Peng , Cao Yueying , Plöschner Martin , Denkova Denitza , Zheng Xianlin , Lu Yiqing , Piper James A.
Published: September 2020

Convenient design of fully Yb-based upconversion nanoparticles enables control of their luminescence characteristics and enhances super-resolution imaging performance.
Smart strategies to overcome tumor hypoxia toward the enhancement of cancer therapy
Authors: Xu Menghong , Wang Ping , Sun Suhui , Gao Liquan , Sun Lihong , Zhang Lulu , Zhang Jinxia , Wang Shumin , Liang Xiaolong
Published: September 2020

This review summarized intelligent strategies utilizing nanomaterials to overcome tumor hypoxia toward enhancing cancer treatment in emerging studies.