bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orofacial pain in young adults and associated childhood and adulthood factors: results of the population study, Wales, United Kingdom
Authors: Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Kenealy Pamela , Anne Kingdon H. , Mohlin Benght , Pilley J. Richard , Mwangi Caroline W. , Hunter Lindsay , Richmond Steve , Shaw William C.
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial pain (OFP) among young adults (30–31 years old) and to determine the effect of childhood and adulthood risk factors on the occurrence of OFP.

Methods:  Prospective cohort study to investigate dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment was conducted in Wales, United Kingdom. At 20‐year follow‐up 337 subjects aged 30–31 participated (74% from previous follow‐up aged 19–20 and 33% from the baseline) and were asked about OFP.

Results:  The prevalence of OFP was 23% (95% CI: 19%, 28%). Childhood factors, socio‐demographic, lifestyle, health behavior factors, history of orthodontic treatment and tooth wear were not associated with OFP. Participants with OFP were more likely to report that their teeth did not fit together properly [odds ratio (OR) = 12.4, 95% CI: 2.7–56.5) and reported previous trauma to the jaws (2.3; 1.3–4.2). Both diurnal and nocturnal teeth clenching and grinding were significantly associated with OFP (3.1; 1.4–7.1). Participants with frequent headaches had increased risk of having OFP (3.7; 1.6–8.4) while having reported 4–10 types of pain in other parts of the body other than the head, was associated with OR = 9.2 (3.7–23.0). An increased tendency to have OFP was seen in those individuals with higher levels of psychological distress (2.3; 1.4–3.9), high score on Life Event Inventory (2.6; 1.3–5.3), depressive symptoms (2.2; 1.2–4.0) and stress (2.2; 1.2–4.0). High self‐esteem associated with lower risk of OFP (0.5; 0.3–0.9).

Conclusions:  This study shows that OFP is frequently reported by young adults aged 30–31 and supports a multifactorial etiology with factors from many domains, including local mechanical factors, psychological and co‐morbidities. However, none of the childhood factors considered in this study were associated with OFP in adulthood.
Assessing the effectiveness of a school‐based oral health promotion programme in Yichang City, China
Authors: Tai Bao‐Jun , Jiang Han , Du Min‐Quan , Peng Bin
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  To assess the outcome of oral health promotion in schoolchildren over a 3‐year period in Yichang City, Hubei, China.

Methods:  In a cluster randomized controlled trial, the concept of the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools Project was applied to primary schoolchildren. Seven intervention schools and eight control schools were randomly selected from one district by stratified cluster sampling. The study was conducted as a 3‐year follow‐up study. After 3 years, 661 children remained in the intervention group and 697 children in the control group. Data on dental caries, plaque accumulation, and sulcus bleeding were collected by clinical examination, while behavioural data were gathered by self‐administered questionnaires.

Results:  The 3‐year net mean DMFS increment score was 0.22 in the intervention schools and 0.35 in the control schools (P < 0.013). A statistically significant difference in mean plaque (P < 0.013) and sulcus bleeding (P < 0.005) increment scores after 3 years was found between the two groups. Statistically significant higher scores were observed in restorations received and sealants placed, and a lower score in untreated dental caries, in children from the intervention group than the control group after 3 years (P < 0.01). In addition, more children in the intervention schools adopted regular oral health behavioural practices such as brushing their teeth at least twice a day, visiting the dentist within the past calendar year, and using fluoride toothpaste.

Conclusion:  The study suggests that the school‐based oral health promotion was an effective way to reduce new caries incidence, improve oral hygiene and establish positive oral health behavioural practices in the targeted schoolchildren.
Extramammary Paget's disease mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report
Authors: Du Xufeng , Yin Xingping , Zhou Nan , Zhang Guolong , Shi Hejian , Cao Shuanglin
Published: July 2009

Background: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an uncommon skin neoplasm characterized by Paget's cells with pale‐staining cytoplasm in the epidermis, and cases with distinguished acantholysis but lacking characteristic Paget's cells were rarely reported in the literature.

Methods: An 80‐year‐old male with lesion on scrotum was screened histologically and immunohistologically for the diagnosis of his tumor.

Results: Histological examination showed acanthosis with cellular atypia and focal acantholysis, consistent with acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS). No characteristic Paget's cells were observed in low magnification. Immunohistochemical staining showed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 8 (CK8) to be strongly expressed in the nests and singly arranged large tumor cells, and the surrounding epidermis was positive for CK5/6 and negative for CEA. Sporadic periodic acid‐schiff (PAS)‐positive cells could be seen in some areas.

Conclusions: These findings strongly indicated the diagnosis of EMPD mimicking acantholytic SCCIS.

Du X, Yin X, Zhou N, Zhang G, Shi H, Cao S. Extramammary Paget's disease mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report.
Prevalence of MCPyV in Merkel cell carcinoma and non‐MCC tumors
Authors: Andres Christian , Belloni Benedetta , Puchta Ursula , Sander Christian A. , Flaig Michael J.
Published: July 2009

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the likely causative agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, the prevalence of MCPyV in non‐MCC population and its possible role in the pathogenesis of other skin cancers are not known yet.

Methods: A molecular pathology study was performed in 33 MCC samples and 33 age‐ and sex‐matched samples of sun exposed non‐MCC tumors [12 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 11 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and 10 lentigo maligna melanomas (LMM)]. All tumors were analyzed for presence of MCPyV‐DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern‐Blot hybridization of PCR products.

Results: MCPyV sequences were detected in 21 MCC samples (64%) and in 2 non‐MCC tumors of sun exposed skin (6%; both SK‐patients). Neither the tissue samples from BCC nor LMM proved positive for MCPyV sequences.

Conclusion: We were able to confirm prior data on prevalence of MCPyV‐DNA in MCC. Furthermore, a female predominance of MCPyV‐positive MCC‐patients was detected. There was no relevant association of MCPyV with SK, BCC and LMM. Speculative, prevalence of MCPyV in an age‐ and sex‐matched non‐MCC population could average up to 6%.
Disseminated dermal Trichophyton rubrum infection – an expression of dermatophyte dimorphism?
Authors: Lillis Joseph V. , Dawson Elizabeth S. , Chang Renee , White Clifton R.
Published: July 2009

We present a case of disseminated dermal infection caused by Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). This rare variant of dermatophytosis has an atypical clinical and histopathological presentation and occurs exclusively in immunosuppressed patients. The large, broad, pleomorphic hyphae with scattered budding arthrospores in this variant of T. rubrum infection are unusual and may represent expression of dermatophyte dimorphism previously described in vitro.

Lillis JV, Dawson ES, Chang R, White Jr CR. Disseminated dermal Trichophyton rubrum infection—an expression of dermatophyte dimorphism?
Panniculitis–an unusual cutaneous manifestation of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Almeida MSTM , Lima SCB , Carvalho LL , Almeida JVM , Santos LG , Rolim JRA , Rocha TE
Published: July 2009

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by small vessel involvement that leads to tissue ischemia and fibroblast stimulation resulting in accumulation of collagen (fibrosis) in the skin and internal organs. Lipomembranous panniculitis is a peculiar type of fat necrosis and has been reported with clinical conditions, commonly with peripheral vascular diseases. We describe a case of a 43‐year‐old woman with SSc manifestations, who presented with black scaly skin plaques, associated with thickening of the subcutaneous fat tissue, on the lateral surface of her thighs, her calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen. Biopsy revealed lipomembranous panniculitis. Lipomembranous changes have been seen in connective tissue disorders such as lupus profundus, morphea, systemic sclerosis and panniculitis associated with dermatomyositis, but rarely in thighs, calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen.

Almeida MSTM, Lima SCB, Carvalho LL, Almeida JVM, Santos LG, Rolim JRA, Rocha TE. Panniculitis–An unusual cutaneous manifestation of systemic sclerosis.
Perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abbas Ossama , Salem Ziad , Haddad Fadi , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani
Published: July 2009

Cutaneous metastasis from ovarian cancer usually presents clinically as firm papules and nodules on the trunk. Histology commonly exhibits a dermal infiltrate of malignant cells. In this report, we describe a peculiar presentation of perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian carcinoma, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported previously.

Abbas O, Salem Z, Haddad F, Kibbi A‐G. Perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Lazova Rossitza , Klump Vincent , Pawelek John
Published: July 2009

We show that malignant melanoma cells display high levels of autophagy, a cytoplasmic process of protein and organelle digestion that provides an energy source in times of nutrient deprivation. In a panel of 12 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma of the superficial spreading type, cells in florid melanoma in situ (MIS) and invasive cells in the dermis appeared to be undergoing autophagy. Autophagosomes were detected through immunohistochemistry using the marker LC3B (microtubule‐associated light chain 3B), and by electron microscopy. Some autophagosomes contained melanized melanosomes, accounting for the phenomenon of ‘coarse melanin’ in malignant melanoma. Autophagosomes also contained the Golgi 58k protein, a structural component of the Golgi apparatus, and β1, 6‐branched oligosaccharides, indicating that at least some of the autophagosomal proteins were glycosylated with these structures. The findings suggest that autophagy could be a constitutive metabolic state for invasive and metastatic melanoma cells. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was also expressed by tumor‐associated melanophages. The findings are consistent with previous reports that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives melanoma progression, since ER stress is known to trigger autophagy. The results suggest that therapies inhibiting autophagy may be effective for the treatment of malignant melanoma by depriving cells of an important energy source.

Lazova R, Klump V, Pawelek J. Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Definition of the features of acquired elastotic hemangioma reporting the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 14 patients
Authors: Martorell‐Calatayud A. , Balmer N. , Sanmartín O. , Díaz‐Recuero J. L. , Sangueza O. P.
Published: July 2009

Background: During the last few years, new cutaneous vascular proliferations have been described, including a distinctive clinicopathologic variant of hemangioma, denominated acquired elastotic hemangioma. To date, there is only one series of six cases reported in the literature, thus, the clinical and morphological data of this variant are not well established.

Methods: Fourteen cases of acquired elastotic hemangioma were retrieved from the files of the Dermatopathology Unit at Wake Forest University School of Medicine.

Results: Acquired elastotic hemangioma affects sun‐damaged skin of upper extremities and neck. Clinically, lesions present as slowly growing, painless, solitary, erythematous plaques. Histopathologically, they are characterized by a horizontal proliferation of capillary blood vessels in the upper reticular dermis in a background of solar elastosis. The vessels have plump endothelial cells that protrude into the vascular lumens in a ‘hobnail’ pattern. Of the 10 cases assessed by immunohistochemistry, 100% (10) expressed CD31 and CD34, 90% (9) expressed D2‐40 and 10% (1) expressed SMA.

Conclusion: Acquired elastotic hemangioma is a distinctive variant of hemangioma which should be differentiated from other cutaneous vascular tumors with a hobnail endothelial pattern, including angiosarcoma. The expression of D2‐40 in most cases suggests a lymphatic origin of this acquired vascular proliferation.

Martorell‐Calatayud A, Balmer N, Sanmartín O, Díaz‐Recuero JL, Sangueza OP. Definition of the features of acquired elastotic hemangioma reporting the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 14 patients.
The −509C/T polymorphism of transforming growth factor‐β1 is associated with increased risk for development of chronic idiopathic neutropenia
Authors: Eliopoulos Dimitrios G. , Mavroudi Irene , Pontikoglou Charalampos , Ximeri Maria , Stavroulaki Emily , Pyrovolaki Katerina , Velegraki Maria , Spanoudakis Michael , Goulielmos George , Papadaki Helen A.
Published: July 2009

Objective: Impaired granulopoiesis in chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) has been associated with an inflammatory bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consisting of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and Fas‐Ligand (Fas‐L). In this study, we evaluated the frequency of TNF‐α, TGF‐β1 and Fas‐L gene polymorphisms in CIN patients and explored their role in excessive cytokine production and their association with CIN development. Methods: The TNF‐α−308G/A, TGF‐β1 −509C/T, +869T/C, +915G/C, and Fas‐L −844T/C polymorphisms were studied in 57 CIN patients, and 100 healthy controls from Crete, a well‐defined area with genetically homogeneous population, using a polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results: The mutant genotype C/T or T/T of TGF‐β1 −509C/T polymorphism was more common in CIN patients than in controls (P = 0.033). Compared to wild‐type genotype, the TT genotype was associated with increased risk for CIN development (OR: 5.7; 95% CI: 1.18–27.26; P = 0.033). Compared to controls, patients with CT and TT genotypes displayed increased TGF‐β1 levels in serum (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively) and BM (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). No significant difference was found between patients and controls in the frequency of TNF‐α−308G/A, TGF‐β1 +869T/C and +915G/C and Fas‐L ‐844T/C polymorphisms. Conclusions: The TGF‐β1 −509C/T polymorphism is associated with increased risk for CIN and contributes to the pathophysiology of the disorder by inducing TGF‐β1 overproduction. This is the first study providing evidence that genetic factors may predispose to CIN and may have a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) using the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold (In‐Tube) assay
Authors: Parsons Sven D. C. , Gous Tertius A. , Warren Robin M. , De Villiers Charon , Seier Jürgen V. , Van Helden Paul D.
Published: July 2009

Background  Early diagnosis of simian tuberculosis (TB) is vital to prevent transmission of this disease. We evaluated the ability of the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold (In‐Tube Method) assay (QFG‐IT) to detect TB in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus).

Methods  Fifty‐one baboons were tested using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and the QFG‐IT. Baboons testing positive, and animals exposed to infected individuals, were euthanised and subjected to necropsy. Selected tissues were processed for histopathology, mycobacterial culture and genetic speciation.

Results  Tuberculosis was confirmed in one TST positive/QFG‐IT positive animal and one TST negative/QFG‐IT positive animal. One TST positive/QFG‐IT negative animal and five TST negative/QFG‐IT negative animals were confirmed uninfected following necropsy.

Conclusion  The QFG‐IT correctly detected TB in two baboons, including one TST negative individual and correctly identified six baboons as uninfected, including one TST positive individual. The QFG‐IT shows promise as a sensitive, specific test for TB in chacma baboons.
A sex‐specific size–number tradeoff in clonal broods
Authors: Saeki Yoriko , Crowley Philip H. , Fox Charles W. , Potter Daniel A.
Published: July 2009

Polyembryonic parasitoids producing single‐sex broods of clonal offspring provide an unusually clear window into the classic tradeoff between the number and size of offspring. We conducted a laboratory study of the encyrtid parasitoid Copidosoma bakeri parasitizing the noctuid Agrotis ipsilon to examine the way that size and number of offspring tradeoff in broods of each sex and to determine how the fit between host and parasitoid brood is achieved. We found that brood mass (wasp body mass ×brood size) was proportional to host mass, independent of brood sex, indicating a tight fit between brood and host and ensuring a size–number tradeoff. By correcting brood size and body mass of each brood for host mass, we demonstrated the expected inverse relationship between wasp variables. We postulated that the wasp brood might achieve the fit to the host by (1) adjusting brood size based on information available early in host development before and during division of the embryo, (2) manipulating host size late in host development after completion of embryo division, or (3) simply adjusting individual wasp mass to fill the host. We evaluated host responses to parasitism – and correlations between brood size and host growth early and late in development – for broods of each sex. The data are consistent with adjustment of brood size to the amount of host growth early in host development and with manipulation of host mass late in host development. The tight link between host mass and brood mass also suggests a final adjustment by parasitoid growth to achieve complete filling. Within the tight fit, female broods were smaller but contained larger individuals than male broods. The sex‐specific balance point of the tradeoff and sex differences in balancing mechanisms and responses to host size suggest different selection pressures on each sex requiring future investigation.
Influence of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and BisEMA contents on viscosity, conversion, and flexural strength of experimental resins and composites
Authors: Gonçalves Flávia , Kawano Yoshio , Pfeifer Carmem , Stansbury Jeffrey W. , Braga Roberto R.
Published: July 2009

Different monomer structures lead to different physical and mechanical properties for both the monomers and the polymers. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) concentration (33, 50 or 66 mol%) and the co‐monomer content [triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), ethoxylated bisphenol‐A dimethacrylate (BisEMA), or both in equal parts] on viscosity (η), degree of conversion (DC), and flexural strength (FS). η was measured using a viscometer, DC was obtained by Fourier transfer Raman (FT‐Raman) spectroscopy, and FS was determined by three‐point bending. At 50 and 66% BisGMA, increases in η were observed following the partial and total substitution of TEGDMA by BisEMA. For 33% BisGMA, η increased significantly only when no TEGDMA was present. The DC was influenced by BisGMA content and co‐monomer type. Mixtures containing 66% BisGMA showed a lower DC compared with mixtures containing other concentrations of BisGMA. The BisEMA mixtures had a lower DC compared with the TEGDMA mixtures. The FS was influenced by co‐monomer content only. BisEMA mixtures presented a statistically lower FS, followed by TEGDMA + BisEMA mixtures, and then by TEGDMA mixtures. Partial or total replacement of TEGDMA by BisEMA increased η, which was associated with the observed decreases in DC and FS. Although the BisGMA content influenced the DC, it did not affect the FS results.
Circulatory response and autonomic nervous activity during gum chewing
Authors: Hasegawa Yoko , Sakagami Joe , Ono Takahiro , Hori Kazuhiro , Zhang Min , Maeda Yoshinobu
Published: July 2009

Mastication has been proven to enhance the systemic circulation, with circulatory responses seeming to be largely regulated by autonomic nervous activity via a more complex regulatory system than those of other activities. However, few studies have examined the relationships between changes in autonomic nervous activity and the systemic circulation that are induced by masticatory movement. We investigated changes in the systemic circulation and autonomic nervous activity during gum chewing to clarify the influence of mastication. Electrocardiograms, arterial blood pressure, and masseter electromyograms were taken while chewing gum continuously as indicators of systemic circulation in 10 healthy subjects with normal dentition. Cardiac sympathetic activity and vagus nervous activity, as well as vasomotor sympathetic nervous activity, were evaluated by fluctuation analysis of heart rate and blood pressure. Repeated analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were performed to determine chronological changes in each indicator during gum chewing. Gum chewing increased the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. Although cardiac sympathetic activity and vagus nervous activity showed significant changes, vasomotor sympathetic nervous activity did not. These results suggest that changes in the autonomic nervous activity of the heart are mainly involved in the enhancement of systemic circulation with gum chewing. This explains some characteristics of autonomic nervous regulation in masticatory movement.
Changes in children’s oral health‐related behavior, knowledge and attitudes during a 3.4‐yr randomized clinical trial and oral health‐promotion program
Authors: Tolvanen Mimmi , Lahti Satu , Poutanen Raija , Seppä Liisa , Pohjola Vesa , Hausen Hannu
Published: July 2009

The aim of our study was to compare the changes in children’s oral health‐related behavior, knowledge, and attitudes obtained using an oral health‐promotion approach, a risk‐strategy and promotion approach, and reference area, and to report changes in the behavior of children between the experimental and the control groups of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The study population consisted of all fifth and sixth graders who started the 2001–2002 school year in Pori, Finland (n = 1,691), where the RCT and program of oral health promotion were implemented for 3.4 yr. Children with at least one active caries lesion were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 250) and control (n = 247) groups. Children in Rauma (n = 807) acted as the reference. Changes in children’s self‐reported behavior, knowledge, and attitudes were compared between groups. The subjects in the oral health‐promotion group and in the risk‐strategy and promotion group in Pori tended to show greater improvement in most of their oral health‐related behaviors than those in the reference group, and children in the RCT experimental group showed greater improvement in most of their oral health‐related behaviors than those in the RCT control group. Children can be helped to improve their oral health‐related behavior by intervention, including oral hygiene and dietary counseling, or by implementing a multilevel‐approach oral health‐promotion program.
Monoclonal antibody‐mediated inhibition of adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis to human epithelial cells
Authors: Elguezabal Natalia , Maza José L. , Moragues María D. , Pontón José
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to assess the role of whole saliva, four saliva‐derived preparations, and six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), directed against components of the cell wall of Candida albicans, on the adhesion of C. albicans and Candida dubliniensis to human epithelial cells (HEC). C. albicans serotype A NCPF 3153 and C. albicans serotype B ATCC 90028 showed higher adhesion to HEC than C. dubliniensis NCPF 3949. Pooled whole saliva was more efficient than salivary secretory immunoglobulin A, partially purified by chromatography, at inhibiting the adhesion of C. albicans serotype A NCPF 3153 to HEC. Monoclonal antibodies C7, 14‐8, and 26G7 were the most potent inhibitors of adhesion. Our results show that mAbs can mimic the inhibition of adhesion of C. albicans to HEC that is mediated by human saliva.
Dentists’ experience with low‐income patients benefiting from a public insurance program
Authors: Pegon‐Machat E. , Tubert‐Jeannin S. , Loignon C. , Landry A. , Bedos C.
Published: July 2009

France has a system of public coverage that guarantees low‐income earners full payment of basic dental health costs. In spite of this coverage and major needs for care, deprived populations have lower access to dental care. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore dentists’ experience with low‐income patients benefiting from the French universal healthcare coverage system. This study is based on 17 one‐on‐one semistructured interviews carried out with French private dentists. Dentists distinguished two categories of low‐income patients: ‘good patients’, described as being regular attenders; and ‘bad patients’, whose main characteristic is irregular attendance. Dentists explained that they have difficulties in dealing with patients who do not keep their appointments. First, dentists feel that they fail in conducting their mission of being a care provider (therapeutic failure). The absence of the patient is also seen as a lack of recognition (relationship failure). Furthermore, dentists do not earn money when patients miss their appointments (financial failure). In this context, many dentists feel discouraged and powerless (personal failure). Moreover, dentists do not understand why patients renounce the dental‐care opportunities offered under the system of public coverage (failure of the system). Dentists who repeatedly experience failures related to irregular attendance tend to adopt exclusion strategies.
Carcinoma cell‐derived chemokines and their presence in oral fluid
Authors: Michiels Katleen , Schutyser Evemie , Conings René , Lenaerts Jean‐Pierre , Put Willy , Nuyts Sandra , Delaere Pierre , Jacobs Reinhilde , Struyf Sofie , Proost Paul , Van Damme Jo
Published: July 2009

Chemokines are important in inflammation and in carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that besides oro‐laryngeal cancer, oral inflammatory states, such as periodontitis, may also influence the chemokine profile of oral fluid. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemokine isoforms in the oral fluid of patients with periodontitis and in the oral fluid of patients with head and neck cancer. Using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), it was found that the concentrations of CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL14 were significantly elevated in the oral fluids of the cancer patients. However, periodontitis did not significantly alter the chemokine levels in oral fluid. Identification of chemokine isoforms by a proteomic approach using a newly developed three‐step purification procedure was applied on the oral fluid of head and neck cancer and periodontitis patients and on the conditioned medium from carcinoma cells. Carcinoma cells produced predominantly intact CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL2, whereas CXCL8 also appeared in a truncated, more active, form. Unfortunately, the chemokine concentrations in oral fluids were too low to allow full biochemical identification of the modified isoforms. However, the chemokine profile of head and neck cancer significantly changed after therapy, indicating that it is a useful parameter in clinical practice.
Push‐out stress for fibre posts luted using different adhesive strategies
Authors: Mazzoni Annalisa , Marchesi Giulio , Cadenaro Milena , Mazzotti Giovanni , Di Lenarda Roberto , Ferrari Marco , Breschi Lorenzo
Published: July 2009

The influence of thermocycling on the bond strength of fibre posts cemented with different luting approaches was investigated. A total of 84 human incisors were selected for the study. Sixty teeth were assigned to one of the following adhesive/cement combinations for push‐out bond‐strength evaluation: group 1, XP Bond/CoreXFlow + DT Light‐Post; group 2, Panavia F 2.0 + Tech 21; or group 3, RelyX Unicem + RelyX. Bonded specimens were cut into 1‐mm‐thick slabs and either thermocycled (40,000 cycles) or stored in artificial saliva (control specimens) before push‐out bond‐strength testing. Additional specimens were processed for quantitative interfacial nanoleakage analysis. Thermocycling decreased the bond strength in specimens of groups 2 and 3, but did not affect the specimens from group 1. No difference was observed among luting approaches in control specimens. Thermocycling resulted in increased silver nitrate deposition (i.e. interfacial nanoleakage) in all groups. Within the limitations of the study, the use of an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive in combination with a dual‐cure cement to lute fiber posts is the most stable luting procedure if compared with a self‐etch resin‐based cement or a self‐adhesive cement, as assayed by thermocycling of the bonded specimens.
Des mots et des armes. Sartre et la question (post)coloniale à l’époque de l’existentialisme
Authors: Van Stralen Hans
Published: July 2009

Dans le débat sur la littérature postcoloniale on ignore à tort le rôle de l’existentialisme et celui de Sartre en particulier. Camus a écrit sur la question algérienne et Simone de Beauvoir s’est occupée du sort de la partisane algérienne Djamila Boupacha. Depuis les années quarante, dans des textes et par des actions, Sartre s’est activement occupé de la question coloniale. Contrairement de la littérature comparée actuelle sur le postcolonialisme, il ne s’est pas vouéà l’idéologie (marginalisée) dans le discours de l’oppresseur et l’opprimé, mais il s’est consacréà exploitation mondiale des colonies, à l’aide d’un modèle élaboré par Marx. Frantz Fanon, l’un des fondateurs des études (post)coloniales, a pris le même point de vue. C’est ainsi qu’il a toujours souscrit l’importance de la théorie sartrienne sur le (post)colonialisme. Dans l’avant‐propos des Damnés de la terre (1961) de Fanon, Sartre se range sans réserve du côté de l’auteur, qui, à bonne heure, dans son étude, a dessiné une solution pour la question coloniale.
Versions of an ‘Intimate Relation’. Difficulty and Lightness in the Thirties Auden
Authors: Quipp Edward
Published: July 2009

W. H. Auden’s poetry of the thirties is often described in terms of its distinctive variety ‐ from the difficult work of his earliest period to the preoccupation with clarity, and the growing centrality of light verse to his poetic identity later in the decade. Similarly the arc of this development can be explained according to the particular critical flashpoints of the literary milieu of the thirties, featuring Auden himself as a crucial actor. Rather than focusing predominantly on the figure of Auden to recount this development, however, this article places the reader’s engagement with the variety of his work as paramount. I suggest that contextualising the reader’s spoken interaction with the page – as a crucible in which the ‘singular’ force of Auden’s work is fully revealed – can lead to fresh formulations of a well‐established critical narrative, and can qualify recent claims for Auden’s proto‐postmodernism.
Uncombable hair and atopic dermatitis in a case of tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome
Authors: Mayer Dagmara E. Y. , Baal Christian , Litschauer‐Poursadrollah Margaritha , Hemmer Wolfgang , Jarisch Reinhart
Published: July 2009

The tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. It can affect hair, teeth, bone and nails, causing phenotypic variability. We report on an 8‐year‐old girl with tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome, who presented in our allergy center with severe atopic dermatitis. Additional clinical findings included light, kinky hair reminiscent of pili trianguli et canaliculi (uncombable hair), enamel hypoplasia and enlarged pulp chambers of the molar teeth (tau‐rodontism). A genetic investigation revealed a de‐novo mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. Electron microscopic examination of the curly hair showed a flattened hair shaft with longitudinal grooves.
O Sacrum Convivium – St Thomas on the Eucharist
Authors: Gorevan Patrick
Published: July 2009

St Thomas Aquinas' antiphon from the Office of Corpus Christi, O sacrum convivium, enjoys popularity and remains part of the Liturgy of the Hours, as do other parts of the Office and Mass he composed for the feast. It offers a survey of Eucharistic theology, evoking past (‘the memory of the Passion’) present (‘the soul filled with grace’) and future (‘pledge of future glory’). It points, too to the Eucharistic flavour of authentic Christian spirituality, always remembering the self-giving of the Saviour ‘for us’, becoming what it has received in the Eucharist, and straining forward towards a goal whose foretaste is ever on our lips. On other occasions Aquinas points to these three dimensions of any sacrament, finding its source in the passion of Christ, its content in the effect achieved in the soul and its aim in the glory of communion with God. a goal whose foretaste is ever on our lips. On other occasions Aquinas points to these three dimensions of any sacrament, finding its source in the passion of Christ, its content in the effect achieved in the soul and its aim in the glory of communion with God.
Teilhard at Ore Place, Hastings, 1908–1912
Authors: Grumett David
Published: July 2009

The crucial role of the French Jesuit theologate in exile at Ore Place, Hastings (1906–26) in the development of la nouvelle théologie has been greatly overlooked in favour of Lyons and Fourvière. In fact, Ore Place played a key early role in the ressourcement of twentieth century French Catholic theology through constituting a unified and sympathetic scholarly community during an era of theological and political turmoil. One of the theologate's best-known students was Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1908–12), while other teachers and students included Pierre Charles, Joseph Huby, Henri de Lubac, Ferdinand Prat, Pierre Rousselot, and Auguste Valensin. Within this congenial scholarly community, Teilhard developed some key theological foundations of his thought on topics including grace and nature (miracles, anthropology, and evolution) and christology, and was ordained. The full importance of theological formation at Ore Place for the thought of Teilhard and other French Jesuits of his generation has rarely been recognized.
Public Reason in Bioethics
Authors: Tonti-Filippini Nicholas
Published: July 2009

Taking part in secular discussion is difficult for a Christian philosopher. An approach that has often been favoured by Catholic philosophers is to attempt to engage at a level of pure reason using natural law concepts. This paper argues that such an approach sells us short and represents a failure to engage in secular discussion on equal terms and a failure to give adequate witness to the teachings of Christ. The paper seeks to argue that while it is not true that reason has a wax nose, as former Cardial Ratzinger argued, there is a role for faith-derived concepts in secular discussion and for encouraging others to share their view whether faith based or not, and for subjecting those concepts to the scrutiny afforded by rational analysis in an effort to achieve an identified common ground of human goodness that both transcends individual culture and belief but has its individual origins within the disparate cultures and traditions.
Toggle switches, pulses and oscillations are intrinsic properties of the Src activation/deactivation cycle
Authors: Kaimachnikov Nikolai P. , Kholodenko Boris N.
Published: July 2009

Src‐family kinases (SFKs) play a pivotal role in growth factor signaling, mitosis, cell motility and invasiveness. In their basal state, SFKs maintain a closed autoinhibited conformation, where the Src homology 2 domain interacts with an inhibitory phosphotyrosine in the C‐terminus. Activation involves dephosphorylation of this inhibitory phosphotyrosine, followed by intermolecular autophosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue in the activation loop. The spatiotemporal dynamics of SFK activation controls cell behavior, yet these dynamics remain largely uninvestigated. In the present study, we show that the basic properties of the Src activation/deactivation cycle can bring about complex signaling dynamics, including oscillations, toggle switches and excitable behavior. These intricate dynamics do not require imposed external feedback loops and occur at constant activities of Src inhibitors and activators, such as C‐terminal Src kinase and receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases. We demonstrate that C‐terminal Src kinase and receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase underexpression or their simultaneous overexpression can transform Src response patterns into oscillatory or bistable responses, respectively. Similarly, Src overexpression leads to dysregulation of Src activity, promoting sustained self‐perpetuating oscillations. Distinct types of responses can allow SFKs to trigger different cell‐fate decisions, where cellular outcomes are determined by the stimulation threshold and history. Our mathematical model helps to understand the puzzling experimental observations and suggests conditions where these different kinetic behaviors of SFKs can be tested experimentally.
New roles of flavoproteins in molecular cell biology: Blue‐light active flavoproteins studied by electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Schleicher Erik , Bittl Robert , Weber Stefan
Published: July 2009

Exploring enzymatic mechanisms at a molecular level is one of the major challenges in modern biophysics. Based on enzyme structure data, as obtained by X‐ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, one can suggest how substrates and products bind for catalysis. However, from the 3D structure alone it is very rarely possible to identify how intermediates are formed and how they are interconverted. Molecular spectroscopy can provide such information and thus supplement our knowledge on the specific enzymatic reaction under consideration. In the case of enzymatic processes in which paramagnetic molecules play a role, EPR and related methods such as electron‐nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are powerful techniques to unravel important details, e.g. the electronic structure or the protonation state of the intermediate(s) carrying (the) unpaired electron spin(s). Here, we review recent EPR/ENDOR studies of blue‐light active flavoproteins with emphasis on photolyases that catalyze the enzymatic repair of UV damaged DNA, and on cryptochrome blue‐light photoreceptors that act in several species as central components of the circadian clock.
DNA barcoding of genusToxopteraKoch (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Identification and molecular phylogeny inferred from mitochondrialCOIsequences
Authors: Wang Jian‐Feng , Qiao Ge‐Xia
Published: July 2009

Abstract Identification of aphid species is always difficult due to the shortage of easily distinguishable morphological characters. Aphid genusToxopteraconsists of species with similar morphology and similar toAphisin most morphological characters except the stridulatory apparatus. DNA barcodes with 1 145 bp sequences of partial mitochondrial cytochrome‐coxidase I (COI) genes were used for accurate identification ofToxoptera. Results indicated mean intraspecific sequence divergences were 1.33%, whereas mean interspecific divergences were greater at 8.29% (0.13% and 7.79% ifT.aurantii3 andT.aurantii4 are cryptic species). Sixteen samples were distinguished to four species correctly byCOIbarcodes, which implied that DNA barcoding was successful in discrimination of aphid species with similar morphology. Phylogenetic relationships among species of this genus were tested based on this portion ofCOIsequences. Four species ofToxopteraassembled a clade with low support in maximum‐parsimony (MP) analysis, maximum‐likelihood (ML) analysis and Bayesian phylogenetic trees, the genusToxopterawas not monophyletic, and there were two sister groups, such asT. citricidusandT. victoriae, and two clades ofT. aurantiiwhich probably presented cryptic species in the genus.
A GENERAL LEXICON FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS OF TEXTURE AND APPEARANCE OF LIP PRODUCTS
Authors: DOOLEY LAUREN M. , ADHIKARI KOUSHIK , CHAMBERS IV EDGAR
Published: July 2009

Lip products (lipsticks, glosses and balms) are an important aspect of the cosmetics business. The lip product segment of the business has been expanding because the majority of women uses some form of lip products. In addition, men commonly use lip balm in winter months. The purpose of this three‐part study was to develop a lexicon for descriptive sensory testing of lip products. In the first study, two focus groups were conducted to understand women's perceptions of lip products and elicit desirable and undesirable characteristics in the products. In the second study, six highly trained panelists from the Sensory Analysis Center at Kansas State University developed a lexicon using five samples each of lip balms, lip glosses and lipsticks. All attributes were measured during or after application. Attributes were categorized under “initial texture,”“initial appearance,”“after appearance” and “after texture.” The lexicon comprised of 18 terms. The panelists developed definitions, references and protocols for evaluation for each attribute in the lexicon. The third study consisted of a validation phase, in which 12 samples, four from each product segment, were used. The lexicon developed in this study was inclusive enough to show distinctions between and within the lip glosses, lip balms and lipsticks. This lexicon could be used to identify similarities and differences in other lip products such as lip plumper, lip liners and multi use products.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The lip product lexicon may benefit researchers and cosmetic companies in product development and optimization, quality control, and marketing by providing accurate definitions, accessible references, and reproducible protocols and techniques. Aspects of this research, including the use of photographic references, where appropriate, could be extrapolated to other aspects of the personal care industry, such as hair care and skin care, and can aid in product development and product optimization.
EFFECTS OF HEALTH‐RELATED CLAIMS ON THE DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD OF CONSUMERS' SWEETNESS SENSATION
Authors: CHIOU WEN‐BIN , YEH LIEN‐TE , CHANG MING‐HSU
Published: July 2009

Health concerns play an important role in people's consumption of food products and judgments of food taste. Previous studies on the effects of food labeling suggest that consumers' sensory evaluations are influenced by health concerns. The current study examined whether health‐related claims would affect sweetness sensations. Differential thresholds for sensitivity to sweetness were measured separately under three conditions: without health‐related claims, with a label suggesting a health advantage and with a health warning label. Results indicated that thresholds under both health‐related labeling conditions were lower than those under the condition with no health‐related claim, suggesting that consumers exposed to health‐related labels were more sensitive to sweetness. The threshold for the health advantage label lay between those for no health‐related claims (which yielded the highest threshold) and the health warning (which yielded the lowest). These findings are discussed in terms of health concerns, and suggestions for future research are explored.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The insights gained in this study give researchers and marketers information about how to measure consumers' differential threshold of sweetness threshold with the psychophysical method. It provides information about the effects of health‐related claims on the differential threshold of sweetness sensation. The findings and explanations are beneficial for product development researchers and marketer to predict consumers' change of differential threshold when employing health‐related claims to influence sweetness sensation of food products with varying levels of sweetener changes.
On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods I: The Nonobviousness of Majority Rule
Authors: Risse Mathias
Published: July 2009

Majority rule is often adopted almost by default as a group decision rule. One might think, therefore, that the conditions under which it applies, and the argument on its behalf, are well understood. However, the standard arguments in support of majority rule display systematic deficiencies. This article explores these weaknesses, and assesses what can be said on behalf of majority rule.
On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods II: Alternatives to Majority Rule
Authors: Risse Mathias
Published: July 2009

In this companion piece to ‘On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods I: The Non‐Obviousness of Majority Rule’, we take a closer look at some competitors of majority rule. This exploration supplements the conclusions of the other piece, as well as offers a further‐reaching introduction to some of the challenges that this field currently poses to philosophers.
The Open Borders Debate on Immigration
Authors: Wilcox Shelley
Published: July 2009

Global migration raises important ethical issues. One of the most significant is the question of whether liberal democratic societies have strong moral obligations to admit immigrants. Historically, most philosophers have argued that liberal states are morally free to restrict immigration at their discretion, with few exceptions. Recently, however, liberal egalitarians have begun to challenge this conventional view in two lines of argument. The first contends that immigration restrictions are inconsistent with basic liberal egalitarian values, including freedom and moral equality. The second maintains that affluent, liberal democratic societies are morally obligated to admit immigrants as a partial response to global injustices, such as poverty and human rights violations. This article surveys the main philosophical arguments for these positions on immigration and discusses the critical responses to these arguments.
Narrative and discursive approaches to the analysis of subjectivity in psychotherapy
Authors: Avdi Evrinomy , Georgaca Eugenie
Published: July 2009

This paper reviews research that utilises language‐based analyses (narrative analysis, discourse analysis and conversation analysis) to examine aspects of subjectivity in the context of psychotherapy. The studies reviewed fall broadly into two main groups. On the one hand, studies which share a view of subjectivity as the sum of internal ‘voices’ in dialogue adopt a narrative approach, examine subjectivity in terms of organisation, coherence and self‐reflection, and consider psychotherapy a process of restoring an organised polyphony. On the other hand, studies which conceptualise subjectivity in terms of ‘subject positions’ adopt a discursive approach, emphasise the availability of subject positions and flexibility in adopting them and examine psychotherapy as a process of facilitating the flexible adoption by the client of a variety of subject positions. Theoretical, epistemological and methodological issues regarding each of the two approaches are discussed, along with representative studies. We finally examine the implications of these two approaches for understanding psychotherapeutic practice and for theorising and researching subjectivity.