bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The function of two closely related Rho proteins is determined by an atypical switch I region
Authors: Köhli Michael , Buck Sabrina , Schmitz Hans-Peter
Published: March 2008

We show here that the encoded proteins of the two duplicated RHO1 genes from the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii, AgRHO1a and AgRHO1b have functionally diverged by unusual mutation of the conserved switch I region. Interaction studies and in vitro assays suggest that a different regulation by the two GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) AgLrg1 and AgSac7 contributes to the functional differences. GAP-specificity and protein function is determined to a large part by a single position in the switch I region of the two Rho1 proteins. In AgRho1b, this residue is a tyrosine that is conserved among the Rho-protein family, whereas AgRho1a carries an atypical histidine at the same position. Mutation of this histidine to a tyrosine changes GAP-specificity, protein function and localization of AgRho1a. Furthermore, it enables the mutated allele to complement the lethality of an AgRHO1b deletion. In summary, our findings show that a simple mutation in the switch I region of a GTP-binding protein can change its affinity towards its GAPs, which finally leads to a decoupling of very similar protein function without impairing effector interaction.
Analysis of protein domains and Rett syndrome mutations indicate that multiple regions influence chromatin-binding dynamics of the chromatin-associated protein MECP2 in vivo
Authors: Kumar Asmita , Kamboj Sachin , Malone Barbara M. , Kudo Shinichi , Twiss Jeffery L. , Czymmek Kirk J. , LaSalle Janine M. , Schanen N. Carolyn
Published: March 2008

The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) serves both organizational and transcriptional functions in the nucleus, with two well-characterized domains integrally related to these functions. The recognition of methylated CpG dinucleotides is accomplished by the methyl-binding domain (MBD), and the transcriptional repression domain (TRD) facilitates protein-protein interactions with chromatin remodeling proteins. For each known function of MECP2, chromatin binding is a crucial activity. Here, we apply photobleaching strategies within the nucleus using domain-deleted MECP2 proteins as well as naturally occurring point mutations identified in individuals with the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). These studies reveal that MECP2 is transiently associated with chromatin in vivo and confirm a central role for the MBD in directing the protein to heterochromatin. In addition, we report for the first time that the small region between the MBD and the TRD, known as the interdomain region (ID), stabilizes chromatin binding by MECP2 independently of the MBD. The TRD of MECP2 also contributes towards chromatin binding, whereas the N- and C-termini do not. Some common RTT missense and nonsense mutations significantly affect binding kinetics, suggesting that alterations in chromatin binding can result in protein dysfunction and hence a disease phenotype.
Is there a risk for lymphatic complications after endovenous laser treatment versus cryostripping of the great saphenous vein? A prospective study
Authors: Disselhoff B C V M , der Kinderen D J , Moll F L
Published: March 2008

Objective

To investigate whether lymphatic complications occur after endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) versus cryostripping.

Methods

A prospective analysis of patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy before and six months after treatment of primary varicose veins.

Results

Of 120 patients randomized in a clinical trial comparing EVLT and cryostripping, 33 agreed to participate in this study. Six months after treatment, none of the 17 patients treated with EVLT and one (6.3%) of the 16 patients treated with cryostripping had clinical grade 1 lymphoedema, with marked disruption of the lymphatics around the knee. This patient also showed an abnormal uptake of radioactive tracer at the groin, 120 min after injection.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that no lymphatic complications occurred six months after EVLT, whereas one lymphatic complication occurred after cryostripping, however not in the groin but at the knee.
Thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein – recommendations for treatment
Authors: Hill S L , Hancock D H , Webb T L
Published: March 2008

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of great saphenous vein (GSV) thrombosis in symptomatic patients and its possible relationship to complications usually attributed to deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Methods

To quantitate the frequency of GSV thrombosis and evaluate its possible morbidity, we reviewed all the venous studies, both inpatient and outpatient, at a Level I Trauma Center over one year. The charts of all patients who had a thrombus in the GSV, either alone or in combination with a DVT, were examined.

Results

A total of 2646 lower extremity venous scans were done in the year studied. In this group, there were 388 (14.5%) positive studies for a DVT. There were 36 (9.3%) patients in this group who had a DVT of the lower extremity and a thrombus in the GSV. In the total group, there were 30 patients (1.1%) with a superficial thrombophlebitis of the GSV alone. In these patients, 22 (73%) either showed cephalad progression of the thrombus, symptoms of shortness of breath, a mobile tip in the thrombus or extension of the thrombus into the common femoral vein. Five patients (16.6%), after failing medical therapy (heparin, bed rest and antibiotics), underwent surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Thrombophlebitis of the GSV, although not very common, needs to be carefully followed with a repeat duplex scan to determine if there is propagation of the thrombus. This study shows that thrombophlebitis of the GSV can cause many of the complications attributed to deep venous thrombi and, therefore, must be thoroughly evaluated, followed, and, if necessary, treated.
Non-infected, non-haematic fluid collections after endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous veins: a noteworthy complication
Authors: d'Othée B Janne , Ghiorse D
Published: March 2008

Objectives

To describe an uncommon complication after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the saphenous veins and its percutaneous management.

Methods

Symptomatic greater saphenous vein reflux was successfully treated by EVLA using standard technique. Local pain, redness and swelling around the prior percutaneous access site were investigated at the clinical and duplex ultrasonographic follow-up visit one week later.

Results

Duplex ultrasonography demonstrated a subcutaneous fluid collection with surrounding hyperechogenicity. Needle aspiration of the collection under real-time ultrasound guidance allowed complete evacuation of the clear yellowish fluid. Immediate symptom relief was observed. Direct examination and anaerobic and aerobic culture of the fluid were negative. No further complication was observed during the following 11 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

Seroma after EVLA is a rare but possible complication, while haematomas and infections seem much scarcer. Diagnosis is easily made by duplex ultrasonography. Treatment by fine needle aspiration can successfully relieve symptoms without delayed recurrence.
Classification of saphenous refluxes: implications for treatment
Authors: Pittaluga P , Chastanet S , Rea B , Barbe R
Published: March 2008

Objective

To determine the possible correlations of patient age, symptoms and signs with findings of Doppler duplex examination in limbs with varicose veins.

Methods

A total of 2275 ultrasound examinations were done on 2275 limbs of 1751 patients (421 men and 1330 women). Ages ranged from 21 to 94 years (mean 50). Symptoms of aching, heaviness, burning pain (venous neuropathy) were recorded, and signs of ankle hyperpigmentation, scars of healed ulcers and presence of open venous ulcers were noted.

Results

Presence of symptoms was associated with advancing patient age (50.7 vs. 48.8 years). Varicose veins without great saphenous reflux correlated with younger age (43 vs. 53.5 years). Presence of saphenofemoral junctional incompetence correlated with an older age (54.7 vs. 49.8 years), and reflux to the ankle (Hach stage IV) also correlated with older age (mean 63.7 years). A younger age was associated with less advanced signs (C0–C2: 49.1 vs. C4–C6: 60.1 years). Saphenous vein reflux without clinical varices was associated with more advanced signs (C4–C6: 21.3%).

Conclusions

Ageing is associated with advancing clinical symptoms, signs and increasing multifocal reflux in limbs with venous insufficiency. These facts support the concept of early treatment of venous insufficiency before predictable deterioration occurs.
A Logit Model of Brand Choice Calibrated on Scanner Data
Authors: Guadagni Peter M. , Little John D. C.
Published: March 2008

Amultinomial logit model of brand choice, calibrated on 32 weeks of purchases of regular ground coffee by 100 households, shows high statistical significance for the explanatory variables of brand loyalty, size loyalty, presence/absence of store promotion, regular shelf price and promotional price cut. The model is parsimonious in that the coefficients of these variables are modeled to be the same for all coffee brand-sizes. The calibrated model predicts remarkably well the share of purchases by brand-size in a hold-out sample of 100 households over the 32-week calibration period and a subsequent 20-week forecast period. The success of the model is attributed in part to the level of detail and completeness of the household panel data employed, which has been collected through optical scanning of the Universal Product Code in supermarkets.

Three short-term market response measures are calculated from the model: regular (depromoted) price elasticity of share, percent increase in share for a promotion with a median price cut, and promotional price cut elasticity of share. Response varies across brand-sizes in a systematic way with large share brand-sizes showing less response in percentage terms but greater in absolute terms. On the basis of the model a quantitative picture emerges of groups of loyal customers who are relatively insensitive to marketing actions and a pool of switchers who are quite sensitive.

This article was originally published in Marketing Science, Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 203–238, in 1983.
Managing Channel Profits
Authors: Jeuland Abel , Shugan Steven M.
Published: March 2008

Achannel of distribution consists of different channel members each having his own decision variables. However, each channel member's decisions do affect the other channel members' profits and, as a consequence, actions. A lack of coordination of these decisions can lead to undesirable consequences. For example, in the simple manufacturer-retailer-consumer channel, uncoordinated and independent channel members' decisions over margins result in a higher price paid by the consumer than if those decisions were coordinated. In addition, the ensuing suboptimal volume leads to lower profits for both the manufacturer and the retailer.

This paper explores the problems inherent in channel coordination. We address the following questions.

—What is the effect of channel coordination?

—What causes a lack of coordination in the channel?

—How difficult is it to achieve channel coordination?

—What mechanisms exist which can achieve channel coordination?

—What are the strengths and weaknesses of these mechanism?

—What is the role of nonprice variables (e.g., manufacturer advertising, retailer shelf-space) in coordination?

—Does the lack of coordination affect normative implications from in-store experimentation?

—Can quantity discounts be a coordination mechanism?

—Are some marketing practices actually disguised quantity discounts?

We review the literature and present a simple formulation illustrating the roots of the coordination problem. We then derive the form of the quantity discount schedule that results in optimum channel profits.

This article was originally published in Marketing Science, Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 239–272, in 1983.
Commentary—A Logit Model of Brand Choice Calibrated on Scanner Data: A 25th Anniversary Perspective
Authors: Guadagni Peter M. , Little John D. C.
Published: March 2008

Guadagni and Little (1983) had a surprising (to the authors) number of citations, presumably because it was the first paper to build a useful model with UPC scanner panel data. More surprising (but not to the authors) was that the model, compared to those in most academic papers, found widespread practical application. The reason for this was that a small, entrepreneurial consulting firm developed and sold applications based on the model. The paper also generated a substantial follow-on of academic literature. Examples illustrate a few of the directions in which later research went.
The Penguin Has Entered the Building: The Commercialization of Open Source Software Products
Authors: Fosfuri Andrea , Giarratana Marco S. , Luzzi Alessandra
Published: March 2008

Previous literature on open source software (OSS) mostly analyzes organizational issues within communities of developers and users. This paper focuses on for-profit organizations that release software products under OSS licenses, and argues that variations in their endowments of intellectual property rights, namely patents and trademarks, help to determine which firms will tend to incorporate OSS into commercial products. We explain whether and under what conditions preexisting stocks of intellectual property rights can be useful complementary assets that allow firms to benefit directly or indirectly from commercializing OSS products, and test our hypotheses on a novel data set built on firms' announcements of OSS product releases in the specialized press between 1995 and 2003. We find three robust results: (a) firms with large stocks of software patents are more likely to release OSS products; (b) firms with large stocks of software trademarks are less likely to release OSS products; (c) firms with large stocks of hardware trademarks are more likely to release OSS products.
Use of Anticoagulation in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Who Are at Risk for Falls
Authors: Garwood Candice L , Corbett Tia L
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate data addressing use of anticoagulation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), in particular those at risk of falls.

DATA SOURCES:

Primary literature was identified through PubMed MEDLINE (1966–December 2007) and EMBASE (1980–December 2007) using the search terms anticoagulation, warfarin, aspirin, elderly, falls, older persons, atrial fibrillation, bleeding, education, stroke, and use. Additional references were obtained through review of references from articles obtained.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Clinical studies evaluating warfarin and aspirin efficacy in AF, as well as studies evaluating anticoagulation and falls, elderly patients, and bleeding were considered for inclusion. Selection emphasis was placed on randomized studies of AF and those evaluating anticoagulation and falls.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Uncertainties over the optimal treatment for elderly patients with AF still exist. Variance in the guidelines is reflected in current practice, as some discrepancies are present. Warfarin is underprescribed in elderly patients, with only about 50% of eligible patients receiving therapy. Falls are most often cited as the reason for not using anticoagulants in an elderly patient. Three risk–benefit analyses have been performed, and all found that despite risks associated with warfarin, its benefits outweigh its risks even in patients who fall. Warfarin should be used rather than aspirin or no therapy in elderly patients at risk of falls. Anticoagulation education has been shown to reduce the risk of bleeding in the elderly and should be a vital part of warfarin management.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk of falls alone should not automatically disqualify a person from being treated with warfarin. While falls should not dictate anticoagulant choice, assessment and management of fall risk should be an important part of anticoagulation management. Efforts should be made to minimize fall risk.
Automatisierte hämatologische Analytik in kleinen, mittleren und großen Laboratorien sowie in der Transfusionsmedizin / Automatic haematology analyser systems for small, middle and large laboratories and for transfusion medicine
Authors: Lehner Joachim , Greve Burkhard , Cassens Uwe
Published: March 2008

Ein ständiger, sich beschleunigender Fortschritt in der hämatologischen Diagnostik führte von mehr philosophisch zu betrachtenden Denkansätzen im alten Griechenland zu den logisch geprägten Grundlagen in der Methodik der Untersuchung menschlichen Bluts in den letzten zwei Jahrhunderten. Das 20. Jahrhundert war vor dem Hintergrund industrieller Standardisierung das Zeitalter der Perfektionierung etablierter Verfahren in der Hämatologie, die von Menschen bedient wurden. Im 21. Jahrhundert wurden moderne Computer- und Netzwerktechniken in komplexe Gerätesysteme integriert, die untereinander mechanisch und logisch über algorithmisch geprägte Regelsysteme verbunden sind. Die Automation in der Hämatologie erlaubt heute, weitestgehend ohne menschliche Eingriffe, eine umfassende, hochpräzise Diagnostik, die am Beispiel von vier modernen Analysesystemen vorgestellt wird. Diese Diagnostik ist nicht nur in der Patientenversorgung von hoher Relevanz, sondern auch bei der Untersuchung von Blutspendern und Blutprodukten.
A New Nerve Growth Factor-Mimetic Peptide Active on Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Colangelo Anna Maria , Bianco Maria Rosaria , Vitagliano Luigi , Cavaliere Carlo , Cirillo Giovanni , De Gioia Luca , Diana Donatella , Colombo Daniele , Redaelli Cristina , Zaccaro Laura , Morelli Giancarlo , Papa Michele , Sarmientos Paolo , Alberghina Lilia , Martegani Enzo
Published: March 2008

Analysis of the structure of nerve growth factor (NGF)-tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) complex, site-directed mutagenesis studies and results from chemical modification of amino acid residues have identified loop 1, loop 4, and the N-terminal region of the NGF molecule as the most relevant for its biological activity. We synthesized several peptides mimicking the two loops (1 and 4) linked together with an appropriate spacer, with or without the N-terminal region. Two peptides named NL1L4 and L1L4 demonstrated good NGF agonist activity at a concentration as low as 3 μm. They induced differentiation of chick dorsal root ganglia and stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA, but not TrkB, receptor. In addition L1L4 was able to induce differentiation of PC12 cells. More interestingly, the peptide with the highest “in vitro” activity (L1L4) was shown to reduce neuropathic behavior and restore neuronal function in a rat model of peripheral neuropathic pain, thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic role for this NGF-mimetic peptide.
Flotillin-Dependent Clustering of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulates Its Endocytosis and Amyloidogenic Processing in Neurons
Authors: Schneider Anja , Rajendran Lawrence , Honsho Masanori , Gralle Matthias , Donnert Gerald , Wouters Fred , Hell Stefan W. , Simons Mikael
Published: March 2008

The flotillins/reggie proteins are associated with noncaveolar membrane microdomains and have been implicated in the regulation of a clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis pathway. Endocytosis is required for the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and thus to initiate the release of the neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the major component of extracellular plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Here, we report that small interference RNA-mediated downregulation of flotillin-2 impairs the endocytosis of APP, in both neuroblastoma cells and primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, and reduces the production of Aβ. Similar to tetanus neurotoxin endocytosis, but unlike the internalization of transferrin, clathrin-dependent endocytosis of APP requires cholesterol and adaptor protein-2 but is independent of epsin1 function. Moreover, on a nanoscale resolution using stimulated emission depletion microscopy and by Förster resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we provide evidence that flotillin-2 promotes the clustering of APP at the cell surface. We show that the interaction of flotillin-2 with APP is dependent on cholesterol and that clustering of APP enhances its endocytosis rate. Together, our data suggest that cholesterol/flotillin-dependent clustering of APP may stimulate the internalization into a specialized clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway to promote amyloidogenic processing.
μ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Depression of the Hypothalamic Hypocretin/Orexin Arousal System
Authors: Li Ying , van den Pol Anthony N.
Published: March 2008

Arousal and maintenance of a wake state is dependent on the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system. We found that hypocretin neurons are depressed by opiates, drugs of abuse that reduce cognitive alertness. Met-enkephalin (mENK), an endogenous opioid, and exogenous opiates such as morphine inhibited the hypocretin system by direct actions on the cell body that include reduced spike frequency, hyperpolarization, increased G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+channel current, and attenuated calcium current, and indirectly through reducing excitatory synaptic tone by a presynaptic mechanism. CTAP (H-d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2) and naloxone, antagonists of μ-opioid receptors, blocked μ agonist actions. In the absence of exogenous opioids, μ receptor antagonists enhanced activity of the hypocretin system, suggesting ongoing inhibition by endogenous receptors. Morphine pretreatment attenuated subsequent excitatory responses to hypocretin, suggesting a long-lasting depression caused by opiate exposure. Chronic exposure to morphine reduced subsequent responses to morphine and to mENK, but increased the response to opioid receptor antagonists. Together, these data are consistent with the view that the hypocretin system may be an important direct target for drugs of abuse, including opiates, that induce sedation and mental lethargy.
Functional Maturation of the First Synapse in Olfaction: Development and Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Grubb Matthew S. , Nissant Antoine , Murray Kerren , Lledo Pierre-Marie
Published: March 2008

The first synapse in olfaction undergoes considerable anatomical plasticity in both early postnatal development and adult neurogenesis, yet we know very little concerning its functional maturation at these times. Here, we used whole-cell recordings in olfactory bulb slices to describe olfactory nerve inputs to developing postnatal neurons and to maturing adult-born cells labeled with a GFP-encoding lentivirus. In both postnatal development and adult neurogenesis, the maturation of olfactory nerve synapses involved an increase in the relative contribution of AMPA over NMDA receptors, and a decrease in the contribution of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. These postsynaptic transformations, however, were not mirrored by presynaptic changes: in all cell groups, paired-pulse depression remained constant as olfactory nerve synapses matured. Although maturing cells may therefore offer, transiently, a functionally distinct connection for inputs from the nose, presynaptic function at the first olfactory connection remains remarkably constant in the face of considerable anatomical plasticity.
Distúrbios no perfil lipídico são altamente prevalentes em população nipo-brasileira
Authors: Siqueira Antonela F. A. , Harima Helena A. , Osiro Katsumi , Hirai Amélia T. , Gimeno Suely G. A. , Ferreira Sandra R. G.
Published: March 2008

Alta prevalência de diabetes em população nipo-brasileira de Bauru/SP foi previamente relatada. Visando a complementar a avaliação do risco cardiometabólico, este estudo analisou distúrbios no perfil lipídico de 1.330 nipo-brasileiros (46% homens) > 30 anos. Definiu-se hipercolesterolemia por níveis de colesterol total > 240 mg/dL; hipertrigliceridemia por valores > 150 mg/dL e HDL-colesterol baixo por valores < 40 mg/dL e < 50 mg/dL para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. A prevalência desses distúrbios foi comparada pelo qui-quadrado, estratificando-se por sexos e categorias glicêmicas. As médias dos lipídeos e lipoproteínas foram comparadas entre sexos pelo teste t de Student. A prevalência de hipertrigliceridemia foi de 66,0% (IC95%:63,5 - 68,5%), sendo mais comum em homens e aumentando com a piora da categoria glicêmica; a trigliceridemia média foi 235,7 ± 196,3 mg/dL. A prevalência de hipercolesterolemia foi 24,4% (IC95%:22,1 - 26,7%); HDL-C baixo foi observado em 43,0% (IC95%:39,4 - 46,6%] das mulheres e 17,5% (IC95%:14,5 - 20,5%) dos homens, porém a razão colesterol total/HDL-C foi menor em mulheres (4,23 ± 0,68 vs. 4,40 ± 0,73; p < 0,001). Em nipo-brasileiros, a hipertrigliceridemia é a anormalidade lipídica mais comum, em concordância com a elevada prevalência de diabetes. Os homens apresentaram pior perfil lipídico que as mulheres. Sugere-se que hábitos de vida ocidental possam estar deteriorando a saúde desses indivíduos.
Hipotireoidismo neonatal transitório causado pelo uso de amiodarona durante a gestação: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Pavan-Senn Carla C. , Nesi-França Suzana , Pelaez Julita , Pereira Rosana M. , Boguszewski Margaret C. da S. , Sandrini Neto Romolo , Lacerda Filho Luiz de
Published: March 2008

INTRODUÇÃO: A amiodarona (AMD) é uma droga antiarrítmica que contém 37% de iodo. A AMD pode alcançar o feto por via transplacentária e causar hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) ou transitório (HCT). Relatamos dois casos de HCT em virtude de exposição gestacional à AMD, detectados pelo programa de triagem neonatal para HC no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. CASO CLÍNICO 1 (C1): TSH neonatal 78,2 mU/L (normal < 15 mU/L). A AMD foi utilizada durante toda a gestação em virtude de arritmia materna. As dosagens séricas iniciais confirmaram o HC; e na primeira consulta [aos 14 dias de vida (dv)], foi iniciada levotiroxina (L-T4), 50 µg/dia. CASO CLÍNICO 2 (C2): TSH neonatal 134 mU/L. A AMD foi utilizada no último trimestre da gestação em virtude de arritmia materna. As dosagens séricas iniciais confirmaram o HC; aos 13 dv, foi iniciada L-T4 50 µg/dia. ACOMPANHAMENTO: TSH e T4 estavam normais aos 51 dv (C1) e aos 36 dv (C2) sendo então gradativamente reduzida a dose da medicação e suspensa aos 16 meses (C1) e aos dez meses (C2). As pacientes foram acompanhadas até 22 meses (C1) e 16 meses (C2) com testes de função tireoidiana normais. O crescimento e o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM), avaliados pelo teste CAT/CLAMS, eram normais. CONCLUSÃO: As avaliações da função tireoidiana e do DNPM são necessários quando a AMD é utilizada na gestação. O tratamento do HCT deve ser instituído tão logo o diagnóstico seja realizado.
Octreotide-LAR-associated erythema multiforme in an acromegalic subject: case report
Authors: Cavalin Leda R. , Oliveira Maria L. de , Diehl Leandro A.
Published: March 2008

Long-acting somatostatin analogs are often used for treating acromegaly, either as adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy or, more recently, as a primary therapeutic option. These drugs seem to be reasonably safe, but new adverse effects not yet described may occur during the use of the relatively new long-acting formulations. In this case report, we describe a severe cutaneous reaction (erythema multiforme) in a patient treated with long-acting release (LAR) octreotide, and also discuss the need of previous "testing" with short subcutaneous preparation of octreotide.
Bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ybarra Mariana Inés , Moreira Marcos Aurélio , Araújo Carolina Reis , Lana-Peixoto Marco Aurélio , Teixeira Antonio Lucio
Published: March 2008

Bipolar disorder may be overrepresented in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Although research in this area is limited, studies assessing the nature of this association have focused on genetic aspects, adverse reaction to drugs and brain demyelinating lesions. Herein we report three patients with MS that also presented bipolar disorder. The coexistence of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in most MS relapses highlights the relevance of biological factors in the emergence of mood disorders in these patients.
Aceitação de práticas não-convencionais em saúde por estudantes de medicina da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina
Authors: Külkamp Irene C. , Burin Graciela D. , Souza Mariana H. M. de , Silva Patrícia da , Piovezan Anna Paula
Published: March 2008

Este trabalho avaliou o conhecimento e aceitação das Práticas Não-Convencionais em Saúde (PNCS) por estudantes do curso de Medicina da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul). A pesquisa realizada foi do tipo descritiva de campo, aplicada na forma direta extensiva por meio de questionários. As perguntas avaliaram o conhecimento e o interesse a respeito de PNCS. Os entrevistados (n = 197) afirmaram conhecer a maioria das PNCS apresentadas no estudo, destacando-se ioga (96,6%), homeopatia (92,9%), chás caseiros (91,9%), acupuntura e orações (88,8%), além de benzedeiras (83,2%), com porcentagem superior a 80%. Ainda que estas práticas não façam parte do currículo atual deste curso, mais de 50% dos alunos afirmaram ter interesse em aprender sobre 10 das 13 PNCS apresentadas neste estudo. Para PNCS como ioga, acupuntura, fitoterapia e orações, mais de 50% dos alunos afirmaram que indicariam ou apoiariam o uso delas por seus pacientes. Concluiu-se que há interesse dos acadêmicos em práticas não-convencionais, bem como evidências da necessidade de inclusão de disciplinas curriculares que abordem as PNCS nos cursos de graduação em Medicina.
Um modelo para a programação de rotações de culturas
Authors: Santos Lana Mara Rodrigues dos , Santos Ricardo Henrique , Arenales Marcos Nereu , Raggi Luiz Aurélio
Published: March 2008

Neste artigo é apresentado um modelo de otimização 0-1 para determinar uma programação de rotações de culturas em uma área de plantio dividida em lotes. As culturas podem apresentar ciclos produtivos com durações distintas e variadas épocas do ano para o plantio. O modelo inclui restrições de plantio para lotes vizinhos e para seqüência de culturas na rotação, além do plantio de culturas para adubação verde e períodos de pousio. As rotações têm a mesma duração em todos os lotes e as culturas são selecionadas para maximizar a ocupação dos lotes. Foram realizados experimentos computacionais usando exemplos retirados de situações reais com rotações de 2 anos, envolvendo 28 culturas.
Informações sobre acidentes com transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos no Estado de São Paulo: os desafios para a Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental
Authors: Nardocci Adelaide Cassia , Leal Omar Lima
Published: March 2008

O estudo dos acidentes com produtos perigosos é uma das áreas de atuação da vigilância em saúde ambiental. Os riscos envolvidos no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos são grandes e estão diretamente relacionados às propriedades das substâncias envolvidas, à qualidade da malha viária, à presença de áreas densamente povoadas no entorno, à presença de pedestres na via, entre outros, e suas conseqüências podem ser muito severas. Um dos requisitos básicos para a vigilância em saúde ambiental é a existência de sistemas de informação adequados. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os dados de acidentes com transporte de produtos perigosos no Estado de São Paulo, registrados pela Cetesb, pela Polícia Rodoviária e pelo Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado de São Paulo. Também foram analisados e comparados entre si o conteúdo dos respectivos relatórios de registros das ocorrências: RAA, RATPP e RACB. Foram analisados o número de acidentes, o número de óbitos e feridos e a razão de óbito por acidente no período de 1996 a 2003. Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa nos números e também na representatividade e facilidade de acesso aos dados. Foi possível verificar também que os conceitos de tipo, causa e conseqüência utilizados pelas instituições são bastante distintos. Por essas razões, a realização de estudos empíricos, a partir de dados históricos de acidentes, é inviabilizada. Vale ressaltar que a estruturação de bancos de dados de registros de acidentes com produtos perigosos deve ser iniciada com a discussão e a uniformização dos seus conceitos fundamentais.
Juventude, trabalho e instituições filantrópicas
Authors: Neves Delma Pessanha
Published: March 2008

A restrição de postos de trabalho e a desqualificação dos saberes profissionais fundados na experiência cotidiana e na reflexão de ensinamentos transferidos entre gerações de trabalhadores têm constrangido pais e filhos quanto à elaboração de projetos de inserção de novas gerações pelo trabalho. Agentes institucionais que se outorgam a colaboração nesta tarefa pouco conseguem apresentar alternativas, razão pela qual deslocam suas proposições para a defesa das atividades que caracterizam práticas culturais e lúdicas, quase sempre orientadas pela provisoriedade. A partir da análise da prática de três instituições filantrópicas voltadas para formação profissional de jovens advindos de camadas populares e de pesquisa sobre itinerários ocupacionais com este segmento populacional, proponho-me analisar alguns dos dilemas que os agentes em jogo enfrentam, sugerindo perspectivas facilitadoras da elaboração de propostas para a inserção de jovens no mercado de trabalho.
Skeletal variability of the coral Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868) from Brazil
Authors: Amaral Fernanda Duarte , Ramos Carla Alecrim Colaço
Published: March 2008

The skeletal variability of the coral Favia gravida, a species endemic to Brazil, was quantitatively described including populations from three locations: Tamandaré (state of Pernambuco), Abrolhos (state of Bahia), and Santa Cruz (state of Espírito Santo). Ten colonies were collected from each population and fourteen morphological characters were measured from ten corallites per colony. The results of univariate (among 14 skeletal characters, 7 showed p < 0.05) analysis provide evidence to suggest that F. gravida has considerable morphological plasticity, which may explain its ability to adapt to different ecological conditions. The species also displays polymorphism within and between colonies of each population. Intercolony variation within populations was relevant for most of the variables measured. Canonical discriminant analysis (r = 0.8648) showed that the population farthest offshore (Abrolhos) was distinct from the other two (Tamandaré and Santa Cruz), which have been affected by terrigenous sediments carried from the coast. Specimens from Santa Cruz displayed the highest degree of meandrinization.
A fauna de peixes na bacia do Rio Peruípe, extremo Sul da Bahia
Authors: Sarmento-Soares Luisa Maria , Mazzoni Rosana , Martins-Pinheiro Ronaldo Fernando
Published: March 2008

A riqueza hidrológica no Extremo Sul da Bahia é contrastante em relação à ainda pouco conhecida fauna de peixes. Impressiona a presença de diversas espécies ainda não descritas. O presente estudo é parte de uma série que pretende avaliar os sistemas hídricos do Extremo Sul da Bahia do ponto de vista da ictiofauna nas diversas bacias. Aqui são investigados os peixes da bacia do Rio Peruípe, um sistema ímpar de drenagem fluvial, com um amplo delta. Foram averiguados onze pontos georreferenciados em rios e riachos daquele sistema de drenagem. O uso de metodologia para coleta de dados ambientais e de peixes possibilitou descrever cada ambiente coletado bem como documentar a composição taxonômica da ictiofauna. São fornecidas ilustrações das localidades amostrais e de espécimes representativos de algumas das espécies coletadas, exibindo sua coloração em vida. No total foram verificadas 26 espécies pertencentes a 12 famílias em 6 ordens. Das espécies coletadas Trichomycterus pradensis Sarmento-Soares et al. (2005) e Microglanis pataxo Sarmento-Soares et al. (2006) foram recentemente descritas como novas. Aproximadamente 48,7% do total de peixes na bacia pertencem à ordem Siluriformes, 38,5% a Characiformes, 34,6% a Perciformes, 11,5% a Cyprinodontiformes, 7,7% a Gymnotiformes, 3,8% a Synbranchiformes e 3,8% a Pleuronectiformes. As espécies mais freqüentes em termos de constância de ocorrência foram Geophagus brasiliensis (presente em 82% das coletas), Hoplias malabaricus (64%), Astyanax cf. rivularis (55%), Poecilia vivipara (55%), Astyanax cf. lacustris (45%) e Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus (45%). A partir das informações de captura dos peixes em cada ponto amostrado da bacia determinou-se a riqueza, a diversidade, a equitabilidade e a dominância. As condições ambientais nos trechos da bacia são apontadas como influências na ocorrência e distribuição das espécies. A predominância de peixes de pequeno porte, não ultrapassando 150 mm CP, é associada a um acentuado endemismo regional.
First record of Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) and Biomphalaria tenagophila (d´Orbigny, 1835) on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Santos Sonia Barbosa dos , Miyahira Igor Christo , Lacerda Luiz Eduardo Macedo de
Published: March 2008

Small populations of Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) and Biomphalaria tenagophila (d´Orbigny, 1835), were found at Vila do Abraão, being the first record of these species to Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. They were probably introduced after 2004, perhaps following release from aquaria. The possible spread of these species to other freshwater habitats in the island, their effects on native snails and links with public health are discussed. The record of M. tuberculatus appears to be the first for a Brazilian insular area. The recent introduction of these species offers a remarkable opportunity to monitor introduced species and to understand the invasion process in an insular stream in southeastern Brazil.
Primeiro registro de Kroeberia fuliginosa Lindner, 1930 (Diptera:Ropalomeridae) para o Estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Filho Fernando da Silva , Esposito Maria Cristina , Santos Rita de Cássia Oliveira dos
Published: March 2008

Kroeberia fuliginosa Lindner, 1930 foi coletada no estado do Pará pela primeira vez, ampliando assim a distribuição geográfica dessa espécie.
Evaluating Exploratory Well: Comparison of Rig or Rig Less Testing Strategy
Authors: Mohammed Khalifa R. , Massacese Alberto Danny , Goldschild Eric , Fernandez Betria Javier , Perrin Patrick , Caillet Ludovic
Published: March 2008

Efficient Evaluation for an exploratory well with multiple targets is the key to achieve the exploration objectives and success. For that, define Test Strategy has become a critical issue for most of the operators. However, it has not received yet attention in the literature.

The main goal of this paper is to formulate a discussion for well-testing strategy and management approach that meets exploratory evaluation objectives in the most effective and economical way. It can be achieved through good understanding of the following.Exploration commitmentsExploratory well: aim of evaluation through well testingWell test design and implementationEnvironmental issuesTesting method: economic evaluationPerforating and testing managementDST rig operations versus rig-less testing evaluation

Proper weighting of the previously mentioned points will help to decide the suitable testing technique; retrievable DST string or permanent completion testing string, in other words Rig or Rig less operations. Reservoirs of high uncertainties on the expected response require flexible techniques that can handle any unexpected conditions. They are thus candidate for retrievable DST string rig operation. Otherwise reservoirs of lower uncertainties are usually candidate for permanent completion to test on rig less operations without DHSI (Down Hole Shut-in Tool).

The majors benefits of the permanent completion testing string over the retrievable DST testing operation are the flexibility in test time and that the rig could be free to drill new wells, mainly in the running times where is very difficult to find available rigs. Nevertheless, one need to weight Time spent versus Value before making a final decision. Few cases from Repsol Exploration SA wells will be presented and discussed.
An Innovative Tractor Design for Logging Openhole Soft Formation Horizontal Wells
Authors: Hashem Mohamed K. , AL-Dossari Saleh M. , Seifert Douglas , Hassaan Mohamed , Foubert Benoit
Published: March 2008

With many horizontal open hole completions beyond the reach of coiled tubing, the need arises for a reliable conveyance system to access the wells. Several types of tractors are available for cased-hole well completions. These tractors can be run in specific hard formation open hole horizontal wells, however all types failed in accessing openhole wells in softer formation.

Open-hole completions in carbonate formations have been quite challenging for tractors. Initially designed for cased-hole applications the major technical challenge is gripping in a soft formation with sufficient radial force to provide a required tractoring force whilst not slipping. The major gripping/slipping issues have been faced in formations with an Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of less than 5000 PSI.

A new innovative design has been introduced that addresses the needs for logging these openhole horizontal wells in soft formations. Several phases took place in the development; such as design, laboratory testing, field testing, evaluation, upgrades and modifications.

The latest design was first tested in hard formations prior to the unique challenge of logging horizontal open hole wells in relatively soft formations. Fields where the new design was tested were considered a real challenge for all logging conveyance methods. Successful operational results have been achieved for the first time worldwide.

This paper describes the whole process history from challenge to success, giving clear steps towards successful logging of openhole soft formation horizontal wells. Discussed are the evaluation that led to the new tool design, tool design overview, laboratory and field tests, selection criteria of the candidate wells, review and screening of the well candidates and operational results.
Integrated Reservoir Management Approach Beats the Impact of Reservoir Heterogeneity, Injectivity Challenges, and Delayed Water Flood in Upper Burgan Reservoir in North Kuwait—A Case History
Authors: Chetri HB , El-Sabry Abd , Al-Mufarej Mishal , Al-Anzi Ealian
Published: March 2008

Upper Burgan is a multi-layered reservoir in Sabiriyah Field of North Kuwait, currently undergoing initial phase of Water flood development. A highly complex reservoir with respect to reservoir heterogeneity; connectivity and structural compartmentalization based on detailed analogous study, the preliminary experience with the water flood performance was too dismal to achieve the target injection rates. A detailed channel mapping work has been completed which has enhanced the sub surface understanding to add value to the ongoing drilling/production and injection plans. Challenges posed by the heterogeneity and compartmentalization coupled with poor Injectivity initially slowed down the pace of the water flood development of the reservoir.

The Integrated Reservoir Management (IRM) approach with a distinctive strategy for depletion & pressure support for each of its segments has immensely helped the short term production build-up and sustaining the rates. The strategy is focused at producing the high reservoir pressure segments and managing the production from the depleted crestal part in tandem with ongoing water injection; aggressive pressure monitoring and cooperation from the operational teams. The current/short term drilling plan has been set to target the segments with higher reservoir pressures for well placement. The synergy with drilling activities in overlying Mauddud and underlying Lower Burgan reservoirs has helped in valuable data acquisition and swapping of wells for short term production requirements opportunistically.

The case history in the paper illustrates how the IRM approach in Upper Burgan is helping to manage & sustain the production rates at higher levels than predicted in the past, beating the impact of reservoir heterogeneity; Injectivity challenges and delayed water flood and at the same time, staying above the bubble point pressure.
Applied Natural Fracture Characterization Using Combination of Imagery and Transient Information: Case Studies from Cambro-Ordovician Tight Sandstones of Algeria
Authors: Bounoua Noureddine , Dozier George , Montaggioni Philippe , Etchecopar Arnaud
Published: March 2008

A majority of the world's oil and gas reserves are locked in tight, "unconventional", reservoirs. Without the presence of fractures (natural or hydraulic), these tight reservoirs with matrix permeabilities, usually less than 0.1md and porosities between 3-10PU, do not produce commercially. While hydraulic fracturing is widely used to improve the economic viability of wells, and fields to that matter, the presence of natural fractures plays the same role in improving the flow mechanics.

As an industry, there are many tools available which characterize the properties of a created hydraulic fracture from both the predictive and evaluative standpoint. This is important in understanding the impact these properties have in increasing the production from a specific wellbore. Typically, we characterize these hydraulically induced fractures in terms of fracture height, length, width, and conductivity.

These fracture characteristics are estimated using a variety of techniques including, pressure transients, production transients, micro-seismic, and various other techniques. However the ability to fully characterize natural fractures in terms other than pure qualitative (number of fractures observed, open or closed) has been limited in application and often only address conductivity.

Based on case studies from Cambro-Ordovician tight sandstone reservoirs of the Hassi Messaoud field in Algeria, this paper describes methods that can be used to fully characterize natural fractures in terms commonly used for hydraulic fractures. With the application of combined imagery packages along with analyses of both pressure and production transient data, we now have the means to both understand the long-term impact of natural fracturing by associating quantitative properties that characterize both their locally observed (in-well) and far-field properties.
A Step Change in Field Management of the Matured Water Flood: Oman
Authors: Al-Gheithy Ali , Al-Suleimani Ali
Published: March 2008

This field is one of the the largest producer in Oman. It is mid-way through recovery and is expected to see additional development in the coming years. The field has been under water flood for over 20 years. Historically only the voidage management was sought and a voidage replacement ratio (VRR) policy was established and a lot of effort was put in place to meet it. This may have been sufficient during the initial phase of the water flood at the time when water production was still very low. As the water production has increased and more wells are starting to see water break through, a more comprehensive approach is needed to manage the field. There is a need to go beyond the simple material balance analysis in order to improve both vertical and aerial sweep efficiency of the water flood.

This paper presents the new strategy with several real examples being applied to improve volumetric sweep. It covers 3 main areas:Integrated simulation model which sets the long term vision after matching the history and the overall reservoir behavior. It sets the field optimum reservoir pressure and offtake. However, the simulation model is too coarse to allow detail analysis at a well or pattern level.Streamline simulation allows proper modeling of the no flow boundaries between producers and injectors and pattern definition and off-take optimization.Analytical analysis which involves field performance monitoring and integration of new surveillance data to generate ‘snap-shot’ 3D pictures of the water flood front development. Many wells have been logged and the results are revealing a new 3D picture about the sweep performance.

The combination of the above three techniques may be used to set the well and reservoir management strategy in order to improve oil recovery from water flooded fields.