bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zapomniany dziewiętnastowieczny gramatyk – Franciszek Betlejczyk
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Migdał Jolanta , Bogdan Walczak ,   Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to present grammatical achievements of Franciszek Betlejczyk, a nineteenth century linguistic publicist, representing the normative approach. Betlejczyk’s scientific achievements have been presented in the context of accomplishments of Onufry Kopczyński and Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay, whose dissertation titled “O drěvnepol’skom jazyke do XIV-go stolětija” gave rise to scholarly Polish linguistics. This article discusses Betlejczyk’s most important works, which contain numerous, accurate assessments of the Polish language of the time.
List jako źródło do rekonstrukcji historii polskiego językoznawstwa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Sękowska Elżbieta
Published: March 2021

Correspondence between linguists, apart from their scientific work, is a source of knowledge about the origins and evolution of Polish linguistics in contemporary version on the turn of the 20th century. This article analyses letters of five scholars: Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan Łoś, Kazimierz Nitsch, Jan Michał Rozwadowski and Henryk Ułaszyn. The letters originated during the period 1898–1931; the correspondence between Nitsch and Ułaszyn continued until 1955. Emphasis was put on selected topics: conducted original work, establishment of Rocznik Slawistyczny – a critical journal in the field of Slavic Studies, shaping the scientific profile of the following journals: Poradnik Językowy and Język Polski. Letters, as factual material, demonstrate not only academic relations between Polish and foreign linguists, but also daily life, attitudes and plans of the scholars. Their analysis may be a valuable supplement to data derived from biograms, memoirs and theoretical elaborations.
Decomposition and stability of linear singularly perturbed systems with two small parameters
Authors: Osypova O.V. , Pertsov A.S. , Cherevko I.M.
Published: March 2021

In the domain $\Omega =\left\{\left(t,\varepsilon _{1}, \varepsilon _{2} \right): t\in {\mathbb R},\varepsilon _{1}>0, \varepsilon _{2} >0\right\}$, we consider a linear singularly perturbed system with two small parameters \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\dot{x}_{0} =A_{00} x_{0} +A_{01} x_{1} +A_{02} x_{2},} \\ {\varepsilon _{1} \dot{x}_{1} =A_{10} x_{0} +A_{11} x_{1} +A_{12} x_{2},} \\ {\varepsilon _{1} \varepsilon _{2} \dot{x}_{2} =A_{20} x_{0} +A_{21} x_{1} +A_{22} x_{2},} \end{array}\right. \] where $x_{0} \in {\mathbb R}^{n_{0}}$, $x_{1} \in {\mathbb R}^{n_{1}}$, $x_{2} \in {\mathbb R}^{n_{2}}$. In this paper, schemes of decomposition and splitting of the system into independent subsystems by using the integral manifolds method of fast and slow variables are investigated. We give the conditions under which the reduction principle is truthful to study the stability of zero solution of the original system.
On coupling constant thresholds in one dimension
Authors: Golovaty Yu.D.
Published: March 2021

The threshold behaviour of negative eigenvalues for Schr\"{o}dinger operators of the type \[ H_\lambda=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+U+ \lambda\alpha_\lambda V(\alpha_\lambda \cdot) \] is considered. The potentials $U$ and $V$ are real-valued bounded functions of compact support, $\lambda$ is a positive parameter, and positive sequence $\alpha_\lambda$ has a finite or infinite limit as $\lambda\to 0$. Under certain conditions on the potentials there exists a bound state of $H_\lambda$ which is absorbed at the bottom of the continuous spectrum. For several cases of the limiting behaviour of sequence $\alpha_\lambda$, asymptotic formulas for the bound states are proved and the first order terms are computed explicitly.
Warm Ambient Scents Nudge Consumers to Favour Premium Brands and Right-Wing Parties
Authors: Lichters Marcel , Adler Susanne , Sarstedt Marko
Published: March 2021

Marketing has started exploring ambient scents’ diverse effects and the psychological mechanisms through which they affect consumer behaviour. Recent research focuses on ambient scents’ perceived temperature’s impact on consumer behaviour. In this research, we first replicate prior research by showing that consumers exposed to a warm (vs. cool) ambient scent prefer premium over regular brands – also in an FMCG context. Broadening the perspective, we show that ambient scent’s effect can be generalized to general elections. Specifically, we present initial evidence that the diffusion of a warm (vs. cool) ambient scent nudges potential voters to opt for right-wing instead of moderate political parties. We conjecture that the effect of perceived scent temperature on brand preferences and voting behaviour is a symbolic way of compensating for temperature perceptions.
Composition of water-insoluble extract from oil palm trunk liquefaction using polyhydric alcohol
Authors: Choowang Rattana , Lin Jian , Zhao Guangjie
Published: March 2021

Polyhydric alcohols are known as excellent solvents for converting the main components of lignocellulose into liquefied products. However, the substances that precipitate in water include not only lignin, but also humins, especially when the lignocellulosic raw material has a high content of carbohydrates. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of water-insoluble solids from the liquefaction of oil palm trunk using the solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG)/glycerol (4:1, w/w) and by using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The results showed that the water-insoluble components had a relatively higher average molecular weight and polydispersity than those of the water-soluble components and liquefied products. The production of sugar monomers during liquefaction led to the condensation of furan products (hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) to form humins. In this case, the humins were incorporated with the lignin and liquefying reagent.
Molecular identification of microbial communities in the methane production from vinasse: A review
Authors: Ordaz-Díaz Luis A. , Bailón-Salas Ana M.
Published: March 2021

Sugars, starches, and cellulose materials are used for ethanol production. When producing a liter of alcohol, 10 to 15 liters of liquid waste are generated. This waste is called vinasse, and it generates negative impacts on the environment. The process of storing and disposing vinasse in soils generates emissions to the atmosphere, mainly methane. Anaerobic treatment allows for the capture and generation of more biogas, therefore allowing mitigation of the environmental impacts. The microbial diversity present in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of vinasse is strongly related to the efficiency and quality of methane production. The gene 16s rDNA-based molecular techniques have been the most commonly used techniques for monitoring microbial communities present in the digesters. However, the identification is not enough. Rather, it is necessary to know the metagenomic functionality in this type of habitat. This review provides a comprehensive overview of methods to identify the microorganisms in the anaerobic digestion of vinasse. In addition, microbial community identification in vinasse reactors and their relationship with methane production are reviewed.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts from thyme and rosemary against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
Authors: Sabzikar Akram , Hosseinihashemi Seyyed Khalil , Shirmohammadli Younes , Jalaligoldeh Abbas
Published: March 2021

Different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of thyme (Zataria multiflora) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial activity using the agar-well diffusion method. The values of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) for Candida albicans fungus and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria were determined. The bioactivities of two various extracts were studied, and the chemical composition of the extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results of the test showed that at concentrations of 10% and 40% thyme extract, the values of IZD were 12.5 mm and 23.3 mm, respectively, against the growth of S. aureus, which were higher than C. albicans (7.0 mm and 22.5 mm, respectively). The rosemary extract at concentrations of 20% and 60% showed lower antibacterial activity against S. aureus (4.7 mm and 8.7 mm IZD, respectively) and lower antifungal activity against C. albicans (12.2 mm and 1.7 mm IZD, respectively). At a concentration of 40% thyme extract, the highest antibacterial (23.3 mm IZD) and antifungal (22.5 mm IZD) activities were observed. The GC/MS analysis showed that carvacrol (52.3%), linalool L (16%), and thymol (9.6%) were the main components of thyme extract, while in the rosemary extract β-amyrone (18.0%), verbenone (8.0%), and 1,8-cineole (7.26%) were the major constituents.
Bioefficacies of microbes for mitigation of Azo dyes in textile industry effluent: A review
Authors: Saxena Ambika , Gupta Sarika
Published: March 2021

In recent years, India has emerged as a promising industrial hub. It has a cluster of textile, dyeing, and printing industries. The adjoining rivers/water bodies receive mostly untreated discharge from these industries. Textile industrial effluent contains various contaminants (dyes, heavy metals, toxicants, and other organic/inorganic dissolved solids) that alter the physico-chemical properties of adjoining land and waterbodies in which it is discharged, thereby degrading the water quality and subsequently affecting the landscapes in the vicinity. This ultimately affects the flora and fauna of the locale and has adverse effects on human health. Out of the total dyes (approximately 10,000 dyes) exploited in the textile dyeing and printing units, azo dyes possess a complex structure and are synthetic in origin. They contribute nearly 70% to the total effluent discharge. Biological processes are based on the ability of inhabiting indigenous microorganisms in these contaminated environments to tolerate, resist, decolorize/degrade, and mitigate the recalcitrant compounds. Exploring microbes with higher efficacy of azo dye degradation can reduce the amount of chemical discharged from the process. The present review explores the potential of microbial diversity for the development of an effective bioremediation approach. The review also includes the impact of azo dyes on the flora and fauna, as well as conventional and microbe-assisted nanoparticle technology for treatment of the textile wastewater targeting the degradation of dye contaminants.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMEGANG LISENSI GAME ONLINE DI BANTEN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA
Authors: Setyawan Tri Dodi
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang lisensi terhadap suatu tindakan pembajakan game online dan upaya hukum apa saja yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang lisensi. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan manfaat baik secara ilmiah yaitu dalam studi ilmu hukum dan secara praktis maupun akademis yaitu sebagai masukan bagi penulis ataupun pihak-pihak lain yang memiliki keinginan untuk menganalisa perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang lisensi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian pustaka (library research) yang bersifat yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yang ada dalam perUndang-Undangan, literature, pendapat ahli, dan jurnal. Hasil Penelitian ini peneliti menganalisa upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang lisensi game online apabila terjadi suatu pembajakan atau peniruan dapat menempuh jalur litigasi maupun non litigasi, dan juga bisa dalam pidana dengan tindak pencurian dalam pidana bisa dikatakan sebagai pencurian dikarenakan mengambil hak bukan miliknya, dan juga bisa dalam hukum islam yaitu dengan tuduhan tindak pencurian atau kata lain sariqah dengan mengambil pada tempat penyimpanan (al-hirz) milik orang lain. Tetapi dengan penyelesaian pidana dan juga hukum islam tidak efektif karena merugikan pemegang lisensi karena tidak adanya ganti rugi dalam penyeleseaian tersebut. Maka dari itu dengan melakukan penyelesaian sengketa melalui perdata dan sesuai dengan Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian sengketa lah yang menguntungkan pemegang lisensi karena adanya ganti rugi dari penyelesaian sengketa tersebut yaitu win win solution dan identitas dari keduanya pun tidak diketahui atau tidak disebarluaskan ke masyarakat.
Observation Status Stays With Low Resource Use Within Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Synhorst David C. , Hall Matthew , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Markham Jessica L. , Macy Michelle L. , Gay James C. , Morse Rustin
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

High costs associated with hospitalization have encouraged reductions in unnecessary encounters. A subset of observation status patients receive minimal interventions and incur low use costs. These patients may contain a cohort that could safely be treated outside of the hospital. Thus, we sought to describe characteristics of low resource use (LRU) observation status hospitalizations and variation in LRU stays across hospitals.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric observation encounters at 42 hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System database from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. For each hospitalization, we calculated the use ratio (nonroom costs to total hospitalization cost). We grouped stays into use quartiles with the lowest labeled LRU. We described associations with LRU stays and performed classification and regression tree analyses to identify the combination of characteristics most associated with LRU. Finally, we described the proportion of LRU hospitalizations across hospitals.

RESULTS:

We identified 174 315 observation encounters (44 422 LRU). Children <1 year (odds ratio [OR] 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–3.4), without complex chronic conditions (OR 3.6; 95% CI 3.2–4.0), and those directly admitted (OR 4.2; 95% CI 4.1–4.4) had the greatest odds of experiencing an LRU encounter. Those children with the combination of direct admission, no medical complexity, and a respiratory diagnosis experienced an LRU stay 69.5% of the time. We observed variation in LRU encounters (1%–57% of observation encounters) across hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS:

LRU observation encounters are variable across children’s hospitals. These stays may include a cohort of patients who could be treated outside of the hospital.
Utilização da posição prona em ventilação espontânea em paciente com COVID-19
Authors: Cabral Coelho Quadros Thiele , Lima Horn Thaline , Ribas Alexandre , Blattner Clarissa Netto , Possobon Soares Bruna , Da Silva Melo Denizar Alberto
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever caso de uma paciente adulta com COVID-19, internada em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e submetida à posição prona.
RELATO DO CASO: paciente do sexo feminino, 44 anos, portadora de síndrome metabólica prévia, com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, chegou ao pronto atendimento apresentando febre, congestão nasal, negando dispneia. Após a realização de exames clínicos e de imagem, foi transferida para a UTI, com suspeita de COVID-19. Na chegada na unidade intensiva, estava respirando espontaneamente com oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo à 5L/min, apresentando hipoxemia (SpO2 = 88% e PaO2=76mmHg). Além das terapias médicas instituídas, foi orientada a se posicionar na PP durante um período de 15 a 30 minutos, realizado uma vez por turno. Após o primeiro posicionamento foi possível observar melhora na difusão pulmonar, pois a gasometria arterial demonstrou aumento da PaO2 para 96mmHg e de 18% na relação PaO2/FiO2, além de evolução clínica favorável.
CONCLUSÕES: A indicação precoce da PP como terapia adicional no tratamento de paciente com COVID-19 pode ter contribuído para o desfecho clínico favorável, principalmente no que tange à oxigenação, evidenciada através da melhora de parâmetros de PaO2, relação PaO2/FiO2 e progressão com alta hospitalar.
An economic model to assess the effectiveness of economic cooperation between Ukraine and international non-government organization
Authors: Durman Olena , Durman Mykola , Topalova Elzara , Grytsak Lyubomyr , Zhiliaieva Oksana
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to develop an econometric model for assessing the effectiveness of economic international cooperation between Ukraine and international non-governmental organizations. Based on the cognitive modeling method, the key indicators of the model influencing the socio-economic development of Ukraine were determined. With the cognitive map's help, the links' qualitative characteristics have been identified and argued between the socio-economic indicators of the country's development and the amount of funding attracted from foreign non-governmental organizations. The direction of influence between the indicators of socio-economic development and the volume of investment was determined using economic laws and expert assessments with the involvement of 35 professional experts. The scenario analysis made it possible to analyze the changes in the country's socio-economic development due to changes in the size and structure of investment funds receiving from international non-governmental organizations.
Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment neuropathy managed by ultrasound-guided hydrodissection – a case report
Authors:   Department of Radiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India, Sharma Gaurav Kant , Botchu Rajesh ,   Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Published: March 2021

There are myriad causes for upper thoracic and interscapular pain which include pathologies involving the thoracic spine, costovertebral joints, facet joints and muscles (rhomboids and levator scapulae). Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment and the resulting neuropathy is a rare case of upper thoracic and medial scapular pain. The symptoms of dorsal scapular nerve entrapment neuropathy can be similar to other pathologies mentioned above. We report a rare case of dorsal scapular nerve entrapment managed successfully by ultrasound-guided hydrodissection, and describe the technique for the same. Awareness of this rare entity is advised while evaluating upper thoracic and interscapular pain.
Assessment of quality attributes of hybrids developed from pure lines of cherry and cocktail-type tomatoes
Authors: Kabas A. , Ersoy A. , Zengin S. , Golukcu M.
Published: March 2021

Tomato is worldwide the most grown vegetable. The primary target of breeding programs is to develop new tomato cultivars that are resistant to pests and diseases, in combination with high quality and yield, well-adaptation and good firmness. Among the different tomato types, cherry and cocktail tomatoes are widely preferred by consumers due to their better taste and appearance. In this study, two female tester lines were crossed with four male lines to obtain new tomato hybrids. The eight F1 hybrids and two commercial hybrids were planted in a randomised complete block design with two replications in a greenhouse in Antalya. The tomatoes of the hybrids and lines were harvested at fully ripened stage to evaluate yield, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit firmness, lycopene content and fruit colour parameters. TSS values of the cultivars and lines ranged from 4.5 to 9.5 °Bx, fruit firmness from 7.94 to 11.85 kg cm−2, lycopene from 52.10 to 55.88 mg kg−1, yield from 554.3 to 1336.7 g/plant. Hybrid AK0020 was found the best for both yield and quality.
Altered functional network activities for behavioral adjustments and Bayesian learning in young men with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Ma Shan-Shan , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Zhang Sheng , Worhunsky Patrick D. , Zhou Nan , Zhang Jin-Tao , Liu Lu , Yao Yuan-Wei , Fang Xiao-Yi
Published: March 2021

Background and aims

Deficits in cognitive control represent a core feature of addiction. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) offers an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying cognitive control deficits in addiction, eliminating the confounding effects of substance use. Studies have reported behavioral and neural deficits in reactive control in IGD, but it remains unclear whether individuals with IGD are compromised in proactive control or behavioral adjustment by learning from the changing contexts.

Methods

Here, fMRI data of 21 male young adults with IGD and 21 matched healthy controls (HC) were collected during a stop-signal task. We employed group independent component analysis to investigate group differences in temporally coherent, large-scale functional network activities during post-error slowing, the typical type of behavioral adjustments. We also employed a Bayesian belief model to quantify the trial-by-trial learning of the likelihood of stop signal – P(Stop) – a broader process underlying behavioral adjustment, and identified the alterations in functional network responses to P(Stop).

Results

The results showed diminished engagement of the fronto-parietal network during post-error slowing, and weaker activity in the ventral attention and anterior default mode network in response to P(Stop) in IGD relative to HC.

Discussion and conclusions

These results add to the literatures by suggesting deficits in updating and anticipating conflicts as well as in behavioral adjustment according to contextual information in individuals with IGD.
Gender-related differences in frontal-parietal modular segregation and altered effective connectivity in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zeng Ningning , Wang Min , Zheng Hui , Zhang Jialin , Dong Haohao , Potenza Marc N. , Dong Guang-Heng
Published: March 2021

Background

Although previous studies have revealed gender-related differences in executive function in internet gaming disorder (IGD), neural mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear, especially in terms of brain networks.

Methods

Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 78 subjects with IGD (39 males, 20.8 ± 2.16 years old) and 72 with recreational game use (RGU) (39 males, 21.5 ± 2.56 years old). By utilizing graph theory, we calculated participation coefficients among brain network modules for all participants and analyzed the diagnostic-group-by-gender interactions. We further explored possible causal relationships between networks through spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to assess differences in between-network connections.

Results

Compared to males with RGU, males with IGD demonstrated reduced modular segregation of the frontal-parietal network (FPN). Male IGD subjects also showed increased connections between the FPN and cingulo-opercular network (CON); however, these differences were not found in female subjects. Further spDCM analysis indicated that the causal influence from CON to FPN in male IGD subjects was enhanced relative to that of RGU males, while this influence was relatively reduced in females with IGD.

Conclusions

These results suggest poor modular segmentation of the FPN and abnormal FPN/CON connections in males with IGD, suggesting a mechanism for male vulnerability to IGD. An increased “bottom-up” effect from the CON to FPN in male IGD subjects could reflect dysfunction between the brain networks. Different mechanisms may underlie in IGD, suggesting that different interventions may be optimal in males and females with IGD.
Evidence of Absence or Absence of Evidence?
Authors: Kačar Sonja
Published: March 2021

The last hunter-gatherers of the central and western Mediterranean are associated with the Castelnovian technocomplex, which developed during the seventh millennium BC and is characterized mainly by its lithic industries, which reflect important changes that occurred during the Late Mesolithic: debitage from this time is oriented towards blade production by pressure-flaking and the manufacture of special tools, such as trapezes (made by the microburin technique) and notched blades. Although rare, Castelnovian sites have been identified in the wider Adriatic region of south-central Italy, Albania, Montenegro and the Italian and Slovenian Karst. However, it seems that the Croatian coast and its hinterland in the eastern Adriatic lack any traces. No sites were found in Dalmatia and only a few questionable surface finds come from Istria. This study explores whether this absence is due to historical factors, such as depopulation during the Late Mesolithic or the region being outside the Castelnovian expansion route, or whether it is because of a combination of taphonomic causes (such as loss of sites by marine transgression) and lack of previous research. The paper also focuses on the hypothesis that the presence of the last hunter-gatherers can be detected indirectly through the persistence of Castelnovian elements in the oldest Neolithic Impressed Ware assemblages of the eastern Adriatic. I further propose that Castelnovian traits are observable in the Impressed Ware assemblages of Istria. This Mesolithic tradition consists of the use of local flint, blade production by indirect percussion and ‘simpler’ forms of pressure flaking in lithic production, while marine resources remain an important food resource.
Emigración de profesionales de enfermería en México
Authors:   University of Alberta, Fernández-Sánchez Higinio , Enríquez-Hernández Claudia Beatriz , Zapíen Vázquez María de los Ángeles , Horcasitas-Tovar Aimée Giselle
Published: March 2021

La creciente emigración de profesionales de enfermería en México podría colocar su sistema de salud en una crisis nacional. Actualmente, existen más de 272,000 migrantes a nivel global 1. Se estima que 11,800,000 son mexicanos, el 35% de ellos son profesionistas 2. México se ubica en sexto lugar de países que envían migrantes calificados y en primer lugar en la región de América Latina. Los principales países receptores son Estados Unidos (EE. UU.), Canadá, y España. En 2015, en Estados Unidos el número de mexicanos calificados rebasó las 250,000. De acuerdo con datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud 3 hay más de 20,700,000 de profesionales de enfermería y partería en el mundo. No obstante, se calcula que para el 2030 nos enfrentaremos ante la escases de 18,000,000. Tan solo en Canadá este déficit podría llegar a los 60,000 enfermeros, mientras que en EE. UU esta cifra se triplica a los 240,000.
Incidence coefficients in the Novikov Complex for Morse forms: rationality and exponential growth properties
Authors: Pajitnov Andrei
Published: March 2021

Let f : M → S 1 be a Morse map, v a transverse f -gradient. Theconstruction of the Novikov complex associates to these data a free chain complexC ∗ (f, v) over the ring Z[t]][t −1 ], generated by the critical points of f and computingthe completed homology module of the corresponding infinite cyclic covering of M .Novikov’s Exponential Growth Conjecture says that the boundary operators in thiscomplex are power series of non-zero convergence raduis.In [12] the author announced the proof of the Novikov conjecture for the case ofC 0 -generic gradients together with several generalizations. The proofs of the firstpart of this work were published in [13]. The present article contains the proofs ofthe second part.There is a refined version of the Novikov complex, defined over a suitable com-pletion of the group ring of the fundamental group. We prove that for a C 0 -genericf -gradient the corresponding incidence coefficients belong to the image in the Novikovring of a (non commutative) localization of the fundamental group ring.The Novikov construction generalizes also to the case of Morse 1-forms. In thiscase the corresponding incidence coefiicients belong to a certain completion of thering of integral Laurent polynomials of several variables. We prove that for a givenMorse form ω and a C 0 -generic ω-gradient these incidence coefficients are rationalfunctions.The incidence coefficients in the Novikov complex are obtained by counting thealgebraic number of the trajectories of the gradient, joining the zeros of the Morseform. There is V.I.Arnold’s version of the exponential growth conjecture, whichconcerns the total number of trajectories. We confirm this stronger form of theconjecture for any given Morse form and a C 0 -dense set of its gradients.We give an example of explicit computation of the Novikov complex.
Situation of Families of Military Servants During the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Tsitkilov Petr
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The following aspects of this topic have not received thorough consideration: the interaction in the first years of the war of social security departments and military registration and enlistment offices in solving the problems of families of war veterans; periodization of policies to support military families; motivational nature of their main problems, etc. Methods and materials. The author used such methods of historical research as comparative historical, genetic, historical and anthropological, as well as the hermeneutics method, which allowed us to interpret various facts, events, government decisions related to the problems of families of war veterans during the war, by their voluminous and holistic perception. Analysis. The study includes the identification of the specifics of the policy of the Soviet state to support the families of military personnel at the first (1941–1942) and second (1943–1945) stages of its implementation, and also raises the problem of the causes of the plight of some families of war veterans during the war. Results. In the state policy of supporting families of war veterans during the war years, one can distinguish the initial stage (1941–1942) and the stage of systematic support of these families with the involvement of additional funds and organizational structures (1943–1945). Caring for the families of servicemen, their financial situation, spiritual and moral condition was one of the priorities of state policy during the war years. This allowed, along with other factors, to rally the people, bringing the Great Victory closer.
Military-Technical Cooperation of the USSR and the ChSR in the 30s of the 20th Century (According to the Memoirs of Chief Designer of Artillery Weapons of the Kirov Plant I.A. Makhanov)
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tyumentsev Igor , Kleitman Alexander ,   Volgograd Regional Research and Production Center on the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, who in the 1930s was the chief designer of artillery weapons at the Kirov plant, contain unique data on the development of the military-technical thought and the defense sector of the USSR industry in the pre-war period. The published fragment of memoirs, first introduced into scientific circulation, supplements and corrects the ideas formed in historiography about the military-technical cooperation of the USSR and Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Methods and materials. The preparation of the source text for publication is carried out taking into consideration modern requirements of archaeography. The published fragment is provided with archaeographic notes which allow reconstructing the history of creation and modification of the text by the author. The scientific commentary provides information about personalities, place names and specific terms mentioned in the text. Analysis. The author pointed out that despite the supply of the latest weapons from Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, Latin America, the share of purchases by the USSR was 50% and had broad prospects for increasing. The German occupation of 1938 suspended and then interrupted military-technical cooperation between the countries. Nevertheless, the Czech side fulfilled all obligations to the USSR. Results. As the published fragment of I.A. Makhanov proves, in the 1930s Czech specialists willingly acquainted the Soviet delegation with the latest developments in artillery systems. At the same time, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, none of these weapons were brought to a prototype. “Skoda” and “Zbroevka” plants were engaged only in the production and modernization of old weapons. Thus, the data of I.A. Makhanov confirm the hypothesis of sabotage of work for Nazi Germany by Czech designers led by V. Gromadko.
Historical and Architectural Heritage of Volgograd: Iconic Objects of the Square of Fallen Fighters of Pre-War and War Stalingrad
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Litvinova Irina , Karagodina Oksana ,   Volgograd State University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes the history of the creation of architectural objects surrounding the main square of the city – the Square of Fallen Fighters in the pre-war period of 1928–1938. The sequence of development of the square with new buildings of the era of “industrial constructivism”, as well as the reconstruction of houses built in Tsaritsyn, is covered in detail. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The authors pay attention to the facts related to solving the problems of transforming pre-war Stalingrad into a “socialist city” – the center of industry and culture in the Lower Volga region. Separate events of the first period of the assault on Stalingrad related to the defense of iconic buildings in the central part of the city, which turned into nodes of resistance of the Soviet troops in the September street battles, are considered. Buildings and structures of the pre-war period of the city’s life that represented the appearance of the urban environment of Stalingrad, including the Square of Fallen Fighters, were forever lost to posterity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the historical architectural features of the main square and the surrounding area for subsequent computer modeling of the lost historical and cultural objects of pre-war Stalingrad based on the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. This approach to the historical heritage, which the city lost during the years of harsh atheistic propaganda and war, is partly able to recreate for contemporaries and subsequent generations various stages of life in Volgograd, with a characteristic appearance and features that reflect the characteristics of the city’s environment. Historical and analytical material is necessary for compositional modeling, which will allow reconstructing architectural objects of pre-war Stalingrad for further research and use in the development of a virtual tour.
Wars and Regional Conflicts in Soviet Intelligence Reports of 1938
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Niyazov Niyazi , Niyazova Galina ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The objective of the research is to show that the activity of Soviet secret service on presenting intelligence information to USSR policymakers in the interwar period contributed to strengthening security of the Soviet Union and influenced the shaping of its foreign policy. Methods and materials. Taking into consideration the type of empiric material we chose the historic genetic method as a scientific method of the research, as it gives an opportunity to reveal the cause-effect link between the episodes and to study subjective and objective factors of historical events. The research is based on sources kept in the Central State Navy Archive and the Saint Petersburg Central State Archive of Historical-Political Documents. Analysis and results. This part deals with the documents sent to the USSR from zones of regional conflicts in Spain and China in the 1930s and after the beginning of the crisis in Czechoslovakia in 1938. It is noteworthy that the sources of the Soviet intelligence agency were close to Chiang Kaishek and his wife Soong May-ling, and got access to the reports of American attaché to the U.S. State Department. Conclusion. The authors state that the diversified information sent by the Soviet intelligence agency revealed wrong views of Soviet political leaders on the character of the future war, showing that potential allies were not willing to get rid of their interests to receive military and economic aid from the USSR.
The Content of a Paid Medical Services Contract: Theoretical and Applied Analysis
Authors: Matytsin Denis , Plaksunova Tatyana
Published: March 2021

Introduction: the paper deals with the features and conditions of a contract structure that is widely in demand at the present time – a paid medical services contract. The paper analyzes the provisions of the key legal acts regulating the sphere of paid medical services, including their contractual formalization, the legislation on consumer protection, which applies to the legal relations of the parties arising from paid medical services contracts, and the content of this contract. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the legislative and doctrinal approaches to the issue of essential and mandatory conditions of the contract under consideration, as well as to the relevant judicial and contractual practice. Methods: in the presented research, the traditional general scientific research methods were used, such as the dialectical method of cognition, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc., as well as the specific scientific legal methods, including formal legal, the method of legal interpretation, etc. Results: the authors substantiate the point of view that the essential conditions of the paid medical services contract are only the conditions on its subject. The authors believe that the conditions stipulated in par. 17 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1006 of 04.10.2012 “On approval of the Rules for providing paid medical services by medical organizations” should be considered as mandatory conditions. Taking into account the existing approaches in the law enforcement practice, the conditions that are reflected in the paid medical services contract would help prevent disputes, as well as protect the rights and legitimate interests of the parties to the contract. Based on the analysis of the judicial practice, a list of conditions of the paid medical services contract that infringe on the rights of consumers has been formed, which should not be included in it. Conclusions: based on the results of the study, the two groups of factors were identified, which influence the formation of the methodological recommendations for drawing up a paid medical services contract; the recommendations for improving contractual work in the medical organizations are formulated.
Legal Principles of the Scientific and Technological Integration of the EAEU Member States: Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Shugurov Mark
Published: March 2021

Introduction: in the context of the implementation of the declared technological modernization of the EAEU economy, the issue of developing the legal framework for the integration in the field of science, technology and innovation, and especially the issue of developing a system of its legal principles, is being updated. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive conceptual understanding of the nature, system and functions of the legal principles that are the core of the legal regulation of the integration cooperation of the EAEU member states in the field of science, technology and innovation. The objectives of the study are the following: 1) to relate the legal principles of the regulation of scientific and technological integration with the principles of the Eurasian integration in general; 2) to carry out a consistent analysis of the degree of consolidation of the principles of scientific and technological integration in Union law; 3) to carry out the doctrinal classification of the principles. Methods: general scientific methods (system, structural and functional), specific scientific methods (comparative legal, dogmatic legal). Results: a classification of the legal principles of scientific and technological integration is proposed, the system of which includes a subgroup of general principles, as well as a subgroup of industry (structural-institutional, integration-legal and organizational) principles. Conclusions: the systematized legal principles are conceptualized as the key legal tools for managing integration processes in the field of science, technology and innovation, the formal consolidation of which will serve as a factor for expanding and deepening the regional scientific and technological integration of the member states.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: March 2021

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 1, Volume 13, 2021: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Saponaria officinalis L.; The Spanish chamomile (Anacyclus pyrethrum) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineraiifolium): organic and natural pesticides and treasure of medicinal herbs; Prophylactic effect of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum on the behavior of Wistar rats exposed to mercury; Anti-ulcer property of methanol fraction of Callichilia subsessilis leaf extract in albino rats; Nesting tree selection by scattered heronry birds of drought prone Northern Bankura, West Bengal, India: preference of Phoenix sylvestris near wetland-associated habitats; Explants selection for in vitro propagation of Pachyrhizus erosus L.; Silene thymifolia Sibth. et Sm. (Caryophyllaceae) – A vulnerable species in Romania: Anatomical aspects of vegetative organs.
 
Announcement: From Volume 13, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Scientia Biologicae journal will use article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. This step helps us to maintain a rapid, efficient production process by being able to define pagination as soon as a paper is accepted.
For papers that use article numbers, the page number of full-text articles will start from 1 to the last page and the citation needs only to list the article number, consequently, instead of the classic style of the journal citation.
Estimativa da subnotificação dos óbitos por sífilis congênita no Recife, Pernambuco, 2010-2016: relacionamento entre os sistemas de informações sobre mortalidade e de agravos de notificação
Authors: Belo Martha Maria de Albuquerque , Oliveira Conceição Maria de , Barros Sheyla Carvalho de , Maia Lívia Teixeira de Souza , Bonfim Cristine Vieira do
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar as subnotificações de óbitos fetais e infantis que tiveram a sífilis congênita como causa básica ou associada, ocorridos no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 2010 e 2016. Métodos: Aplicou-se o relacionamento de bases de dados, do tipo probabilístico, entre os casos de sífilis congênita, registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), e os óbitos fetais e infantis totais e por sífilis congênita, estes registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados: Foram pareados 170 registros de óbitos fetais e infantis por sífilis congênita. Houve subnotificação de óbitos fetais e infantis por sífilis congênita de 80,9% no Sinan e de 7,0% no SIM, representando um incremento ao banco final de 2,3% e 7,0% respectivamente. Conclusão: A subnotificação identificada compromete o conhecimento da real magnitude da doença e, por conseguinte, as ações de prevenção e controle pelos gestores da saúde.
Geothermal pavements: field observations, numerical modelling and long-term performance
Authors: Gu Xiaoying , Makasis Nikolas , Motamedi Yaser , Narsilio Guillermo A. , Arulrajah Arul , Horpibulsuk Suksun
Published: March 2021

Geothermal pavement systems are a novel type of energy geostructure. They use sub-surface structures to exchange heat with the ground and, thereby, provide thermal energy in addition to structural support. The thermo-activation of pavements has been largely overlooked in the literature. This research focuses on the development of a detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) model to explore the thermal performance of geothermal pavement systems. The 3D FE model developed was successfully validated with both data measured from a full-scale experiment undertaken in Adelaide, South Australia and other published data. The validated model is further employed to evaluate the long-term performance of a geothermal pavement system under both a traditional system configuration and a hybrid system. Furthermore, a life-cycle cost analysis is performed to explore the cost implication of such pavement systems. Results show that a geothermal pavement with total pipe length of 640 m, or a hybrid system (a geothermal pavement system with a pipe length of 320 m and an auxiliary system) can provide for sufficient space heating and cooling for a typical residential building in Australia. It is found that, compared with conventional heating and cooling systems, the geothermal pavement system is indeed a cost-effective solution. This research study indicates that this pavement technology can be successfully implemented in the field and accurately modelled using FE techniques.
Sustainable neighbourhoods: applicable indicators through principal component analysis
Authors: Martins Marcele Salles , Kalil Rosa Maria Locatelli , Rosa Francisco Dalla
Published: March 2021

Due to the unsustainable impacts of urbanisation, including the consumption of natural resources and peripheral population density, urban sustainability has the potential to support diverse environmental and social functions in urban environment. Cities need comprehensive plans to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and neighbourhood-level assessment is necessary to ensure the viability of this progress. An indicator-based assessment could suggest a path towards sustainability and, at the same time, encourage the development of assessment tools. To provide arguments for the construction of an evaluation framework, this study investigated the opinions of experts and citizens regarding urban sustainability issues. These opinions served as the basis for a principal component analysis to identify the main sustainability components, covering the synergies between the objectives of four sustainability dimensions. The five components identified included access to amenities, mobility and cultural connectivity; education and urban infrastructure; diversity of use and housing; open spaces and urban drainage. The extracted set identifies potential indicators that support the development of policies, which will promote changes in the Brazilian urban context, benefitting neighbourhood sustainability.
Ariella Aïsha Azoulay, Potential History: Unlearning Imperialism (London: Verso, 2019), 656 pp, ISBN 9781788735711
Authors: van Laun Bianca
Published: March 2021

Ariella Aïsha Azoulay, Potential History: Unlearning Imperialism (London: Verso, 2019), 656 pp, ISBN 9781788735711 Potential History: Unlearning Imperialism is a call to de-imperialise museums, archives and the discipline of history itself. Photographic theorist Ariella Aïsha Azoulay invites us to return to a moment before 'original' imperial violence occurred and set to work from there. It is an endeavour to think against and before imperialism, while simultaneously recognising that we are always already conditioned by it. Potential History asks us to unlearn imperial modes of thinking, the archive, the museum, the document, and history itself. To unlearn imperialism, Azoulay suggests that we reject a temporality that consigns violence to the distant past and instead attend to its still-present potentialities. She proposes a methodological approach to historical and archival materials that refuses to consign them to an irretrievable past. She is not suggesting that we counter the work of imperialism with alternative narratives, but rather, that we pursue an ongoing process of unlearning and undoing of the knowledge structures that sought to fix events, timelines and facts.