bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid-based colloidal nanoparticles for applications in targeted vaccine delivery
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saad , Baskoy Sila Appak , Yang Celina , Hong Joohye , Chae Jayoung , Ha Heejin , Lee Sungjun , Tanaka Masayoshi , Choi Yonghyun , Choi Jonghoon
Published: February 2023

This review article demonstrated nucleic acid-based therapeutics and lipid nanoparticle type as a carrier of nucleic acid therapeutics for further applications of LNPs as flexible carriers in immuno-therapeutics and anti-cancer reagents.
Thermally responsive polymers for overcoming thermal runaway in high-safety electrochemical storage devices
Authors: Chen Shaoshan , Li Yu , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: February 2023

Six strategies for overcoming thermal runaway in high-safety electrochemical storage devices: phase change, sol–gel transitions, thermal melting, thermal polymerization, thermal dedoping, and thermal expansion.
Exciton–phonon coupling in two-dimensional layered (BA)2PbI4 perovskite microplates
Authors: Wang Yixiong , He Chenglin , Tan Qin , Tang Zilan , Huang Lanyu , Liu Liang , Yin Jiaocheng , Jiang Ying , Wang Xiaoxia , Pan Anlian
Published: February 2023

The effect of exciton–phonon coupling on the excitonic emission of two-dimensional layered (BA)2PbI4 (BA = C4H9NH3) perovskites.
Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety when external load power goes up
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xie Hongtu , Niu Quanmin , Wang Feng , Xie Chao , Wang Guoqian
Published: February 2023

Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety as external load power rises, has superiority of time response, output efficiency, thermal response and avoiding fuel exhaustion.
Controlling rheology via boundary conditions in dense granular flows
Authors: Fazelpour Farnaz , Daniels Karen E.
Published: February 2023

Boundary shape, particularly roughness, strongly controls the amount of wall slip and internal pressure in dense granular flows.
An exact expression of three-body system for the complex shear modulus of frictional granular materials
Authors: Otsuki Michio , Hayakawa Hisao
Published: February 2023

We propose a simple model comprising three particles to study the nonlinear mechanical response of jammed frictional granular materials under oscillatory shear.
An all-graphdiyne electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-21 based on target recycling with DNA cascade reaction for signal amplification
Authors: Lin Yu , Wu Jiawen , Wu Yeyu , Ma Rongxian , Zhou Yuyi , Shi Jinyue , Li Mingxiang , Tan Xuecai , Huang Kejing
Published: February 2023

Graphdiyne oxide quantum dots (GDYO QDs) are first used as ECL emitter with DNA cascade reaction for signal amplification.
A cyclic organosulfide cathode with ultrastable cycling performance in lithium batteries
Authors: Ren Yao , Si Yubing , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: February 2023

The full battery consisting of an HTBCO cathode and Li–CP anode can be stabilized in the traditional Li–S electrolyte through the formation of an SEI.
Acid etching followed by water soaking: a top-down strategy to induce highly reactive substrates for electrocatalysis
Authors: Guo Yanling , Xue Min , Pan Zhongqin , Huo Xiao-Lei , Bao Ning , Zhou Qingwen
Published: February 2023

Taking advantage of the acid etching and water soaking method for in situ synthesis of autologous NiFe LDH, we have developed a top-down strategy for preparing efficient and self-supporting multifunctional electrodes with autologous catalyst–support features.
Construction of Ti3C2Tx MXene wrapped urchin-like CuCo2S4 microspheres for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Ge Huiran , Yang Wen , Yang Peizhi
Published: February 2023

Ti3C2Tx MXene wrapped urchin-like CuCo2S4 microspheres with abundant active sites have been synthesized, and they exhibit excellent performance in supercapacitor applications.
A trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer for stable and efficient all-inorganic CsPbBr3perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tan Jin , Dou Jie , Duan Jialong , Zhao Yuanyuan , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei
Published: February 2023

The trifunctional PEO buffer layer improved the photovoltaic performances of all-inorganic CsPbBr3perovskite solar cells.
Solid state luminescence of phosphine-EWO ligands with fluorinated chalcone skeletons and their PdX2 complexes: metal-promoted phosphorescence enhancement
Authors: Ponce-de-León Jaime , Peñas-Defrutos Marconi N. , Vélez Andrea , Aullón Gabriel , Espinet Pablo
Published: February 2023

Fluorescence to phosphorescence switch of chalcone-derived phosphines is achieved upon coordination to PdX2 (X = Cl, Br).
Unnatural tetradeoxy echinocandins produced by gene cluster design and heterologous expression
Authors: Yu Xionghui , Jiang Qian , Chen Xiaona , Shu Hongjun , Xu Yushan , Sheng Huan , Yu Yuchao , Wang Wenjie , Keller Nancy P. , Xu Jinzhong , Wang Pinmei
Published: February 2023

Heterologous expression of the designed echinocandin biosynthetic gene cluster in the chassis strain results in the production of two novel tetradeoxy echinocandins, one of which has superior stability and antifungal activity to echinocandin B.
Palladium-catalysed site-selective arene ortho C–H fluoroalkoxylation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Jiang Yunfeng , Pan Chenhong , Tang Ting , Liu Mingrui , Zhang Xingxian
Published: February 2023

A series of mono- and bis-fluoroalkoxylated compounds of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by Pd-catalysed direct C–H fluoroalkoxylation in a mild, efficient and highly site selective manner.
Synthesis of folate-labeled siRNAs from a folate derivative phosphoramidite
Authors: Salim Lidya , Desaulniers Jean-Paul
Published: February 2023

Folate-labeled siRNAs can be synthesized from folic acid through a folate derivative phosphoramidite.
Impact of the terminal end-group on the electrical conductance in alkane linear chains
Authors: Alshehab Abdullah , Ismael Ali K.
Published: February 2023

This research presents comprehensive theoretical investigations of a series of alkane-based chains using four different terminal end groups including amine –NH2, thiomethyl –SMe, thiol –SH and direct carbon contact –C.
Model systems for dye-sensitized solar cells: cyanidin-silver nanocluster hybrids at TiO2 support
Authors: Bužančić Milosavljević Margarita , Mravak Antonija , Perić Bakulić Martina , Bonačić-Koutecký Vlasta
Published: February 2023

The theoretical concept of this paper serves to identify the key steps in the design of novel solar cells based on bio-nano hybrids (cyanidin-Agn) on a TiO2 surface for possible DSSC application.
Tinnitus Screener: Short-Term Test–Retest Reliability
Authors: Thielman Emily J. , Reavis Kelly M. , Theodoroff Sarah M. , Grush Leslie D. , Thapa Samrita , Smith Brandon D. , Schultz James , Henry James A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The Tinnitus Screener was introduced in 2015 as a four-item algorithmic instrument to assess the temporal characteristics of a person’s reported tinnitus. The Tinnitus Screener was then revised as a six-item version to include a new temporal category and to capture tinnitus duration (acute < 6 months vs. chronic ≥ 6 months). When contrasted with audiologist assessment, the four-item Tinnitus Screener was determined to be highly valid, but the short-term reliability of either version remained unknown. The present analysis focused on determining the test–retest reliability of the six-item Tinnitus Screener. Additionally, we sought to determine whether reliability differed by respondent age, sex, military status, and hearing loss.

Method:

The Tinnitus Screener was administered to 190 military Service members and 250 military Veterans at two time points separated by 7–31 days. Our analysis focused on test–retest reliability of responses as measured by the kappa coefficient, overall and within subsamples. Percent agreement of tinnitus categorization (temporal categories) and classification (positive/negative) between the two time points was also evaluated.

Results:

Constant or intermittent tinnitus was found in 31% of Service members and 53% of Veterans. Overall, kappa reliability coefficients were high, near .80, indicating substantial reliability. The majority (96%) of reliability coefficients for the Tinnitus Screener within subsamples were similarly high, ranging from .68 to .88.

Conclusions:

The updated version of the Tinnitus Screener is shown to be a reliable instrument. The Tinnitus Screener is recommended to inform clinical decision making by determining the temporal characteristics of tinnitus.
Imaging of exocomets with infrared interferometry
Authors: Janson Markus , Patel Jayshil , Ringqvist Simon C. , Lu Cicero , Rebollido Isabel , Lichtenberg Tim , Brandeker Alexis , Angerhausen Daniel , Noack Lena
Published: February 2023

Active comets have been detected in several exoplanetary systems, although so far only indirectly, when the dust or gas in the extended coma has transited in front of the stellar disk. The large optical surface and relatively high temperature of an active cometary coma also makes it suitable to study with direct imaging, but the angular separation is generally too small to be reachable with present-day facilities. However, future imaging facilities with the ability to detect terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby systems will also be sensitive to exocomets in such systems. Here we examine several aspects of exocomet imaging, particularly in the context of the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE), which is a proposed space mission for infrared imaging and spectroscopy through nulling interferometry. We study what capabilities LIFE would have for acquiring imaging and spectroscopy of exocomets, based on simulations of the LIFE performance as well as statistical properties of exocomets that have recently been deduced from transit surveys. We find that for systems with extreme cometary activities such as β Pictoris, sufficiently bright comets may be so abundant that they overcrowd the LIFE inner field of view. More nearby and moderately active systems such as є Eridani or Fomalhaut may turn out to be optimal targets. If the exocomets have strong silicate emission features, such as in comet Hale-Bopp, it may become possible to study the mineralogy of individual exocometary bodies. We also discuss the possibility of exocomets as false positives for planets, with recent deep imaging of α Centauri as one hypothetical example. Such contaminants could be common, primarily among young debris disk stars, but should be rare among the main sequence population. We discuss strategies to mitigate the risk of any such false positives.
The role of geosynthetic stiffness in soil reinforcement applications
Authors: Bathurst Richard J. , Naftchali Fahimeh M. , Jamshidi Chenari Reza
Published: February 2023

Most often the focus on the mechanical contribution of reinforcement geosynthetics in soil reinforcement applications has been on the strength of the material. In fact, under operational conditions the performance of these systems is controlled by the stiffness of the geosynthetic, not its strength. An appreciation of the role of geosynthetic stiffness in soil reinforcement applications is complicated by the rate-dependency of many products which means that their load-strain properties are time-, strain- and temperature-dependent. This paper describes the quantification of these properties using a simple isochronous load-strain model with properties fitted from laboratory creep testing. The implementation of the model and its consequences on the quantitative performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall loads and deformations, reinforced fills over voids, and a thin reinforced granular base over a soft clay foundation are demonstrated.
Localized shear strength mobilization at geosynthetic interfaces caused by spreading soil upslope
Authors: Thiel Richard , Giroud Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2023

Localized interface shear strength failures have occurred during placement and spreading of cover soils on top of geosynthetic layers on slopes using construction equipment, typically bulldozers (‘dozers’). The mechanisms of these types of failures are rarely considered and evaluated in design reports and calculations. The present paper intends to improve upon the analyses presented in previous literature references by providing straightforward equations of static equilibrium that the user can easily input into a spreadsheet to model various dozer sizes, geometries, and shear strengths. The present paper analyzes the shear forces below the soil pile being pushed, as well as below the dozer tracks, which has not been previously considered in the available literature. The equations provided in the present paper should be useful for design engineers to avoid slippage on slopes where dozers are spreading soil materials over geosynthetics, or for forensic experts who evaluate why slippage may have occurred.
Steel mesh geocontainers for coastal protection
Authors: Rimoldi Pietro , Vicari Marco , Di Pietro Paolo
Published: February 2023

The paper aims to present the applications of steel mesh geocontainers for coastal protection: the various types of products are introduced, the design principles are shortly explained, and case histories illustrate important projects.
A Case Study: Shear Interface Testing of a Constructed Geosynthetic Barrier
Authors: Louw Silke
Published: February 2023

Since geosynthetic interfaces often serve as a weak plane on which sliding may occur, shear strengths of these interfaces need to be carefully assessed. In this case study, geosynthetic and soil samples were exhumed from the base and side slope of a constructed facility to generate site specific data. The importance of using representative materials and performing the shear interface testing under conditions similar to those expected in the field are discussed. Once the test data was available, they were used in a stability analysis software package to determine the Factor of Safety (FoS) of the barrier system. Lastly, to illustrate the risk of using literature shear strengths parameters without confirming them during construction, the FoS using actual shear strengths will be compared to the design FoS which used literature shear strengths.
Consolidation analysis around cavity expansion in presence of vertical drains
Authors: Ben Salem Zeineb , Ben Khalifa Marwa , Frikha Wissem
Published: February 2023

As a ground improvement technique, the new method composed by a cylindrical cavity expansion (CCE) combined with vertical drains (VD) greatly accelerates the consolidation of soft soil. In fact, the cylindrical cavity applies a radial displacement in the soil. Excess pore pressures will be consequently generated and the consolidation process will occur at the vicinity of the cavity wall. The dissipation of excess pore pressures can be enhanced in presence of VD installed at a radial distance rd from the center of the cylindrical cavity. Because of CCE installations in soft soil, surrounding soil properties are altered in such a manner that horizontal permeability of the soil in the smear zone reduces. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the subsequent consolidation around CCE using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) by taking into account the CCE installation disturbance. Parametric analysis aimed to investigate the effect of the extent of the disturbed zone, the soil permeability reduction in the smear zone on the rate of consolidation around CCE.
Decreasing Earth Thrust with EPS Geofoam
Authors: El-sakhawy Nagwa , Nabil Marwa , Elsayed Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Abstract The basic function of retaining walls is to support soil backfill and water. This function has to be adequate under different conditions of loading; with permissible deformations. Researches are addressing the reduction of the exerted lateral earth thrust and water pressures to satisfy the adequacy in reasonable costs. Expanded polystyrene geofoam, EPSG, is the most popular material adopted to decrease lateral earth thrust on retaining walls. This paper presents an article review on researches of this aspect. Equations were proposed for reduction in lateral forces and overturning moments. Its aim is to optimize the design of 8.0 m gravity retaining wall with installation of EPSG.
Effect of saw dust ash (SDA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in the bituminous concrete
Authors: Karati Sukanta , Roy Tapash Kumar
Published: February 2023

The present study deals with the effect of saw dust ash (SDA) as an alternative filler and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material in bituminous concrete (BC). Several physical and chemical experiments were performed to characterize the SDA and RAP material according to the standard specifications. To execute such study, virgin aggregate and RAP were blended as 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 25 :75, 0 :100% and 8% SDA was used as filler to prepare the BC mix. In this study, 2% ordinary Portland cement (OPC-43) was utilized to prepare the control mix. However, to quantify the performance of RAP and 8% SDA in the BC mix, several Marshall properties, and the performances criterion against various distress (rutting, cracking, and moisture susceptibility) were conducted. The experimental results reveal that 60% RAP-8%SDA enriched BC mix shows superior rutting, cracking, and moisture resistance potency with the highest structural integrity of 82.10%. Since the dominant percent of calcium oxide mineral present in that filler reacts with the dipolar carboxylic acid which already exists in an aged binder and thus the adhesive property of the binder in the BC is improved significantly.
Durability of geomembranes in water transport applications
Authors: Blond Eric
Published: February 2023

A question frequently asked by engineers exposed for the first time to geosynthetics is: “how long do they last”. In this presentation, the author gives an overview of the service life of geosynthetics. Service life is analysed versus the design life and the carbon footprint associated to the construction of a structure.

Factors affecting the performance of a geosynthetic used for sealing a canal are presented. A distinction is made between failures occurring because the product did not survive its installation, i.e., survivability-related; failures caused by an inadequate design of the product or the structure considering its environment of service, i.e., performance-related; or premature loss of function despite both installation and design were adequate, due to the inadequate choice or inadequate formulation of the material, i.e., durability-related.

The various materials commonly used to waterproof a structure are reviewed, and it is shown that geomembranes are indeed the material of choice for waterproofing a geotechnical structure, such as a canal.

Methods available to assess the service life which can be reasonably expected from various geosynthetics for a waterproofing function, such as in a canal or a dam. Field experiences are described, where some geosynthetics are still performing well after more than 60 years. Well-accepted predictive methods show that geosynthetics can last well-over a century in water-transport or water storage applications, especially when covered by soil or concrete to avoid UV exposure, to control their temperature, and to avoid accidental damage.
Mécanismes d’action et brevetabilité des oligonucléotides thérapeutiques
Authors: Crouvezier Nicolas , Marie Anne-Céline , Moumné Lara
Published: February 2023

Les oligonucléotides sont des petits acides nucléiques de synthèse capables de moduler l’expression de gènes cibles et leurs transcrits. Largement utilisés par les chercheurs comme outils de recherche pour moduler l’expression des gènes dont ils cherchent à décrypter les fonctions, les oligonucléotides peuvent également servir d’agents thérapeutiques pour réguler des cibles d’intérêt. Après l’arrivée sur le marché du premier oligonucléotide thérapeutique en 1998, le domaine a connu peu de succès cliniques jusqu’en 2016, date à laquelle le Spinraza® devient le premier médicament autorisé pour le traitement de l’amyotrophie spinale. Il deviendra dans les années suivantes le premier « blockbuster »1 de cette classe de molécules. Depuis lors, une dizaine d’oligonucléotides ont reçu des autorisations de mise sur le marché (AMM), et de nombreux autres font actuellement l’objet d’un développement clinique. Dans cet article, nous décrivons différents oligonucléotides thérapeutiques, ainsi que leurs modes d’action et leur brevetabilité.
Symptomkontrolle bei Demenz mittels TCM
Authors: Spyra Peer-Severin , Agarwal Kamayni
Published: February 2023

Die nachstehende Fallvorstellung zeigt die Möglichkeit einer
Symptomkontrolle mittels TCM bei einer Patientin mit Alzheimer-Demenz auf.
Die Prinzipien der Osteopathie und ihre Anwendung in der
Geriatrie
Authors: Scheuchl Frank
Published: February 2023

Osteopathie ist ein Medizinkonzept, das auf die natürlichen
Selbstheilungskräfte des Menschen vertraut. Die Suche nach
Störungen erfolgt unabhängig vom jeweiligen Krankheitsbild
ganzheitlich. Dabei stehen anatomisch-funktionelle Überlegungen im
Vordergrund, für die es 5 Modelle gibt. Behandelt wird rein auf
struktureller Ebene. Haltung und körperliche Aktivität sind
elementar für viele Körperfunktionen. Osteopathie ist in vielen
Bereichen geriatrischer Medizin einsetzbar.
Routine Screening for Peripartum Depression in the Gynecologic and
Pediatric Setting – Evaluation of an Adapted EPDS
Version
Authors: Simen Susanne , Kuscher Katharina , Schröder Lea , Yilmaz-Terzioglu Neslisah , Schröder Torsten , Jung Ronny , Köhler Wolfgang , Dammer Ulf , Kastner Brigitte , Hillemacher Thomas , Berg Neeltje van den , Rauber Susanne
Published: February 2023

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and
acceptability of a routine screening for peripartum depression (PD) by
gynecologists and pediatricians. In addition, it was investigated whether two
separate Plus Questions (PQ) of the “EPDS-Plus” are valid for
screening experiences of violence or a traumatic birth and whether they can be
associated with symptoms of PD.

Methods Using the EPDS-Plus the prevalence of PD was investigated in 5235
women. The convergent validity of the PQ with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
(CTQ) and Salmon’s Item List (SIL) was assessed using correlation
analysis. The association between the experience of violence and/or
traumatic birth experience and PD was subjected to the chi-square test.
Furthermore, a qualitative analysis for acceptance and satisfaction by the
practitioners was performed.

Results The prevalence was 9.94%/10.18% for
antepartum/postpartum depression. The convergent validity of the PQ
showed strong correlation with CTQ (p<0.001) and SIL (p<0.001).
For violence and PD, a significant association was found. There was no
significant association for traumatic birth experience and PD. There was a high
level of satisfaction and acceptance of the EPDS-Plus questionnaire.

Conclusion Screening for peripartum depression is feasible in regular care
and can help to identify depressed as well as potentially traumatized mothers,
especially in preparing trauma-sensitive birth care and treatment. Therefore,
specialized peripartum “psych” treatment for all affected
mothers in all regions has to be implemented.
A Flexible Aromatic Amphiphilic Trication for the Solubilization of Hydrophobic Organic Semiconductors in Water
Authors: Goudar Soujanya H. , Kotha Srinu , Pal Manya , Ingle Dhiraj S. , Rao Kotagiri Venkata
Published: February 2023

Amphiphiles are widely explored for the solubilization of various hydrophobic molecules especially drugs in water. Recently, aromatic amphiphiles emerged as a new class of molecules for the solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. However, the synthesis of these systems involves several steps and often requires the use of expensive metal catalysts. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a new type of flexible aromatic amphiphilic trication (FAT) and its application for solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. FAT has been synthesized in two steps without the use of any expensive metal catalysts. We observed that FAT self-assembles in water into bilayer two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets composed of hydrophobic naphthalimide units. FAT is found to be effective for the solubilization of various hydrophobic organic semiconductors such as perylene, perylene diimide and C60 in water by encapsulating them into its hydrophobic domains. Moreover, FAT was also explored for the solubilization of a 2D conjugated ladder polymer, TQBQ (triquinoxalinylene and benzoquinone), in water.
The Impact of Sport-discipline and Sex on Physical Fitness and Bone
Markers in Athletes
Authors: Nebigh Ammar , Touhami Imed , Chtara Mokhtar , Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Surech Chandrababu , Hage Rawad El , Saeidi Ayoub , Boullosa Daniel , Clark Cain C.T. , Granacher Urs , Zouhal Hassane
Published: February 2023

This study was performed to determine the impact of sex and sport-discipline on
physical fitness and bone markers in young sub-elite track and field athletes.
One hundred and forty-four track and ﬁeld sub-elite athletes (78 males
aged 17.8±1.6 years; 66 females aged 17.2±1.9 years) volunteered
to participate in this study and were categorized according to their disciplines
in endurance (EG: n=67) or power athletes (PG: n=77). A
significant main effect of sex was observed for C-telopeptide type I collagen
(CTx) (F=11.37; p<0.001; η2=0.10,
moderate), for osteocalcin (OC) (F=8.58; p<0.004;
η2=0.09, moderate) and for N-terminal propeptide
of procollagen type I (PINP) (F=7.96; p<0.05;
η2=0.07, moderate). The average CTx, OC and P1NP
levels were significantly higher in males compared with females
(0.05<p<0.001; η2= 0.07 to 0.10,
moderate). In addition, a significant main effect of sport-discipline was
observed only for P1NP values (F=10.16; p<0.002;
η2=0.09, moderate) with EG showing higher levels
than PG. For jumping and sprinting tests, the PG performed better than the EG.
For the endurance test, EG had better performance than PG. Endurance and power
exercise practices can increase bone formation markers (P1NP, OC), but only
anaerobic training (PG group) appears to positively impact on male track and
field athletes.
Variability in the Reporting of Baseline Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes in Esophageal Atresia Publications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Teunissen Nadine , Brendel Julia , Eaton Simon , Hall Nigel , Thursfield Rebecca , van Heurn Ernest L.W. , Ure Benno , Wijnen Rene
Published: February 2023

Introduction As survival rates of infants born with esophageal atresia (EA) have improved considerably, research interests are shifting from viability to morbidity and longer-term outcomes. This review aims to identify all parameters studied in recent EA research and determine variability in their reporting, utilization, and definition.

Materials and Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review of literature regarding the main EA care process, published between 2015 and 2021, combining the search term “esophageal atresia” with “morbidity,” “mortality,” “survival,” “outcome,” or “complication.” Described outcomes were extracted from included publications, along with study and baseline characteristics.

Results From 209 publications that met the inclusion criteria, 731 studied parameters were extracted and categorized into patient characteristics (n = 128), treatment and care process characteristics (n = 338), and outcomes (n = 265). Ninety-two of these were reported in more than 5% of included publications. Most frequently reported characteristics were sex (85%), EA type (74%), and repair type (60%). Most frequently reported outcomes were anastomotic stricture (72%), anastomotic leakage (68%), and mortality (66%).

Conclusion This study demonstrates considerable heterogeneity of studied parameters in EA research, emphasizing the need for standardized reporting to compare results of EA research. Additionally, the identified items may help develop an informed, evidence-based consensus on outcome measurement in esophageal atresia research and standardized data collection in registries or clinical audits, thereby enabling benchmarking and comparing care between centers, regions, and countries.
Outcome in TBI Patients with Early Physiotherapy and Post-discharge Rehabilitation: Indian Experience
Authors: Manda Vijayasekhar Venkata , Pathi Rajesh , Swaroop K. Hema , Phaneeswar T. , Satyavaraprasad Kadali
Published: February 2023

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and early initiation of physiotherapy with continuing rehabilitation may improve outcomes.

Methods All adult TBI patients with GCS 5–12 admitted from May 2018 to December 2019 were included. Early physiotherapy was initiated before the fifth day of admission and continued post discharge. Patients and families were educated in a rehabilitation program with printed handouts and video clips. All patients are followed up via telephone/video calls after discharge. We assessed the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and disability at 15, 30, and 90 days post discharge, and 180 days follow-up was also suggested but only a few (38) patients reported. Data were compared with matched patients treated in previous years.

Results A total of 1,233 patients were studied. At 3-month follow-up by telephonic and video calls, GOS 5 was noted (63.7%; 174/ 273) in 2019 compared with (41.3%; 41/ 98) in 2018. The number of discharges increased after initiation of physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs (38%; 288/759 in 2019 versus 24%; 115/474 in 2018). Post-discharge deaths were also less (5.9%; 17/288) in 2019 compared with (14.8%; 17/115) in 2018.

Conclusion Early rehabilitation and post-discharge therapy are associated with improved outcomes of TBI patients. Refinements in data collection and communication improve patient follow-up and functional outcomes.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Glycoprotein VI- and Integrin α2β1-Induced Thrombus Formation Modulated by the Collagen Type
Authors: Jooss Natalie J. , Henskens Yvonne M.C. , Watson Steve P. , Farndale Richard W. , Gawaz Meinrad P. , Jandrot-Perrus Martine , Poulter Natalie S. , Heemskerk Johan W. M.
Published: February 2023

Background In secondary cardiovascular disease prevention, treatments blocking platelet-derived secondary mediators pose a risk of bleeding. Pharmacological interference of the interaction of platelets with exposed vascular collagens is an attractive alternative, with clinical trials ongoing. Antagonists of the collagen receptors, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and integrin α2β1, include recombinant GPVI-Fc dimer construct Revacept, 9O12 mAb based on the GPVI-blocking reagent Glenzocimab, Syk tyrosine-kinase inhibitor PRT-060318, and anti-α2β1 mAb 6F1. No direct comparison has been made of the antithrombic potential of these drugs.

Methods Using a multiparameter whole-blood microfluidic assay, we compared the effects of Revacept, 9O12-Fab, PRT-060318, or 6F1 mAb intervention with vascular collagens and collagen-related substrates with varying dependencies on GPVI and α2β1. To inform on Revacept binding to collagen, we used fluorescent-labelled anti-GPVI nanobody-28.

Results and Conclusion In this first comparison of four inhibitors of platelet–collagen interactions with antithrombotic potential, we find that at arterial shear rate: (1) the thrombus-inhibiting effect of Revacept was restricted to highly GPVI-activating surfaces; (2) 9O12-Fab consistently but partly inhibited thrombus size on all surfaces; (3) effects of GPVI-directed interventions were surpassed by Syk inhibition; and (4) α2β1-directed intervention with 6F1 mAb was strongest for collagens where Revacept and 9O12-Fab were limitedly effective. Our data hence reveal a distinct pharmacological profile for GPVI-binding competition (Revacept), GPVI receptor blockage (9O12-Fab), GPVI signaling (PRT-060318), and α2β1 blockage (6F1 mAb) in flow-dependent thrombus formation, depending on the platelet-activating potential of the collagen substrate. This work thus points to additive antithrombotic action mechanisms of the investigated drugs.
1.11 Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Wang C. , Yang F.
Published: February 2023

Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions enable simple and efficient synthesis of enantioenriched compounds, with high functionality tolerance, through circumventing the use of pregenerated organometallics. In this chapter, the most quintessential examples of the recent advances in this field have been summarized, and the contents are organized according to the reaction types.
1.13 Nickel-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Involving Alkenes
Authors: Zhu S.
Published: February 2023

Nickel-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes to give value-added products in a manner that is rapid, selective, and modular has resulted in tremendous advances in synthetic chemistry. Great progress has been achieved in nickel-catalyzed (migratory) hydrofunctionalization and difunctionalization of alkenes over the past few years. In the first half of this chapter, nickel-catalyzed (migratory) hydrofunctionalization of alkenes is described. The second half details nickel-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes. Both reductive and redox-neutral reactions are discussed.
1.17 Nickel-Catalyzed Cross Coupling via C—O and C—N Activation
Authors: Yoshida T. , Tobisu M.
Published: February 2023

The use of a suitable nickel catalyst enables inert phenol derivatives (i.e., aryl ethers and esters) and aniline derivatives to be used as aryl halide surrogates in cross-coupling reactions, via the activation of C—O and C—N bonds. In this review, standard procedures for such reactions are presented.
No more binaries: a case of Pakistan as an anomalistic discourse in American print media (2001–2010)
Authors: Javed Tauseef , Sun Jiandang , Khurshid Ayisha
Published: February 2023

Discourse gives social and physical realities meaning. Individuals, cultures, and states all use discourse to understand who they are, how they live, and how the world works. A similar discourse gained traction in the post-9/11 world. The discourse disseminated through the American media constructed a form of binarism in the guise of the Us vs. Them. This discourse was extended to account for representations of friend or foe. Discourses as mentioned earlier, give meaning to the reality around us. As part of international relations and politics, these discourses are the optimum site for establishing and enacting power and status. To analyze such a negotiation of positions and power in discourse, this research analyzes the American media’s coverage of the former head of the Pakistani state, i.e., (General) President Pervez Musharraf. The corpus comprising 509 articles has been used as the research data. Using the notions of semantic preference and prosody, the study reveals that Musharraf’s identity is fostered more on political lines rather than military, signifying the downplaying of his dictatorship. On the other side, his efforts in the War on Terror are looked upon as dubious and the media coverage is mixed.
Slowing laser light in the undergraduate laboratory
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

An experiment involving electromagnetically induced transparency gives students the opportunity to explore quantum applications of lasers.
A flexible proton beam imaging energy spectrometer (PROBIES) for high repetition rate or single-shot high energy density (HED) experiments (invited)
Authors: Mariscal D. A. , Djordjević B. Z. , Anirudh R. , Bremer T. , Campbell P. C. , Feister S. , Folsom E. , Grace E. S. , Hollinger R. , Jacobs S. A. , Kailkhura B. , Kalantar D. , Kemp A. J. , Kim J. , Kur E. , Liu S. , Ludwig J. , Morrison J. , Nedbailo R. , Ose N. , Park J. , Rocca J. J. , Scott G. G. , Simpson R. A. , Song H. , Spears B. , Sullivan B. , Swanson K. K. , Thiagarajan J. , Wang S. , Williams G. J. , Wilks S. C. , Wyatt M. , Van Essen B. , Zacharias R. , Zeraouli G. , Zhang J. , Ma T.
Published: February 2023

The PROBIES diagnostic is a new, highly flexible, imaging and energy spectrometer designed for laser-accelerated protons. The diagnostic can detect low-mode spatial variations in the proton beam profile while resolving multiple energies on a single detector or more. When a radiochromic film stack is employed for “single-shot mode,” the energy resolution of the stack can be greatly increased while reducing the need for large numbers of films; for example, a recently deployed version allowed for 180 unique energy measurements spanning ∼3 to 75 MeV with <0.4 MeV resolution using just 20 films vs 180 for a comparable traditional film and filter stack. When utilized with a scintillator, the diagnostic can be run in high-rep-rate (>Hz rate) mode to recover nine proton energy bins. We also demonstrate a deep learning-based method to analyze data from synthetic PROBIES images with greater than 95% accuracy on sub-millisecond timescales and retrained with experimental data to analyze real-world images on sub-millisecond time-scales with comparable accuracy.
Spatial inhomogeneity of point defect properties in refractory multi-principal element alloy with short-range order: A first-principles study
Authors: Shi Tan , Lyu Sixin , Su Zhengxiong , Wang Yunpeng , Qiu Xi , Sun Dan , Xin Yong , Li Wenjie , Cao Jiang , Peng Qing , Li Yuanming , Lu Chenyang
Published: February 2023

Short-range order can be developed in multi-principal element alloys and influences the point defect behavior due to the large variation of the local chemical environment. The effect of short-range order on vacancy and interstitial formation energy and migration behavior was studied in body-centered cubic multi-principal element alloy NbZrTi by first-principles calculations. Two short-range order structures created by density functional theory and Monte Carlo method at 500 and 800 K were compared with the structure of random solid solution. Both vacancy and interstitial formation energies increase with the degree of short-range order. Point defect formation energies tend to be higher in regions enriched in Nb and lower in regions enriched in Zr and Ti. Both vacancies and interstitials prefer to migrate toward Zr,Ti-rich regions and away from Nb-rich regions, suggesting that Zr,Ti-rich regions can potentially act as recombination centers for point defect annihilation. Compared to an ideal random solid solution, the short-range order increases the spatial inhomogeneity of point defect energy landscape. Tuning the degree of short-range order by different processing techniques can be a viable strategy to optimize the point defect behavior to achieve enhanced radiation resistance in multi-principal element alloys.
Kinetics effect of hydrogen passivation on the zigzag edge growth of h-BN
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Zhu Junyi
Published: February 2023

Edge kinetics in 2D structures has been a key to understanding the growth. In this paper, the effect of hydrogen passivation on the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was studied. Without hydrogen, the filling process of the gap on bare edges of h-BN is difficult because of the formation of dimers that distorts the edge. With hydrogen passivation, such difficulty can be largely reduced. In addition, hydrogen passivation can reduce the edge bending to the substrate. In summary, the amount of hydrogen passivation during the growth is the long-ignored parameter and can be the key to a good crystal quality.
2D-block geminals: A non 1-orthogonal and non 0-seniority model with reduced computational complexity
Authors: Cassam-Chenaï Patrick , Perez Thomas , Accomasso Davide
Published: February 2023

We present a new geminal product wave function Ansatz where the geminals are not constrained to be strongly orthogonal or to be of seniority-zero. Instead, we introduce weaker orthogonality constraints between geminals that significantly lower the computational effort without sacrificing the indistinguishability of the electrons. That is to say, the electron pairs corresponding to the geminals are not fully distinguishable, and their product has yet to be antisymmetrized according to the Pauli principle to form a bona fide electronic wave function. Our geometrical constraints translate into simple equations involving the traces of products of our geminal matrices. In the simplest non-trivial model, a set of solutions is given by block-diagonal matrices where each block is 2 × 2 and consists of either a Pauli matrix or a normalized diagonal matrix multiplied by a complex parameter to be optimized. With this simplified Ansatz for geminals, the number of terms in the calculation of the matrix elements of quantum observables is considerably reduced. A proof of principle is reported and confirms that the Ansatz is more accurate than strongly orthogonal geminal products while remaining computationally affordable.
Effects of gas inlet orientation on discharge characteristics of coaxial dual-channel cross-field atmospheric plasma jet
Authors: Wang Bingchuan , Liu Dingxin , Liu Zhijie
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the effect of the gas inlet orientation on the discharge characteristics of the coaxial dual-channel cross-field plasma jet is investigated. A working gas helium is separately flowed into the annular space between the hollow needle tube and the quartz tube (called Q-Jet), as well as the hollow needle tube (called N-Jet). With the same discharge parameters, the results show that the radial and axial dimensions of Q-Jet plasma jet are larger than that of N-Jet. Compared with the latter, the discharge current amplitude of the former increases by about 3.8-fold, the net charge transferred increases by about 8.8-fold, and the variety and density of reactive species produced are remarkably increased. For Q-Jet, the 706-nm spectral band is distributed inside and outside the quartz tube, while the 391-nm spectral band is mainly distributed outside the quartz tube, and the plasma jet forms a conical luminous pattern in the quartz tube during the positive half cycle of the voltage, due to the influence of helium viscosity. For N-Jet, 706- and 391-nm spectral bands are only just distributed in the axis of the quartz tube, and the charges left by the first discharge in the axial position of the quartz tube remarkably amplify the intensity of the second discharge in the positive half cycle.
Localization and turbulence of beam-driven whistler wave with magnetosonic wave in magnetopause
Authors: Jyoti  , Sharma Suresh C. , Sharma R. P.
Published: February 2023

This study proposes a model to explain how energetic electron beams (produced by the magnetic reconnection process) cause whistler turbulence in the magnetic reconnection area of the magnetopause, as observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission. In this scenario, the energetic electron beam source has replaced the magnetic reconnection mechanism. We develop dynamic equations of the beam-driven whistler mode so that because of the large amplitude of the beam energy, it rises from the noise level. As a result, nonlinear effects follow due to ponderomotive force, which results in whistler wave localization; eventually, the turbulent state is achieved. A theoretical model is developed using the basic two-fluid equations and Maxwell's equations to study the dynamics of high-frequency whistler waves and low-frequency magnetosonic waves (MSWs). Then, using a pseudospectral approach and a finite difference method, a set of dimensionless equations for the whistler wave and MSWs was numerically solved. The outcomes of the numerical simulation show a localized structure and a turbulent power spectrum, which follow Kolmogorov scaling laws. It has also been clarified that the current investigations are pertinent to the most recent observations.
Multi-peak emission of In2O3 induced by oxygen vacancy aggregation
Authors: Peng Yin-Hui , He Chang-Chun , Zhao Yu-Jun , Yang Xiao-Bao
Published: February 2023

Oxygen vacancy is crucial to the optical properties in In2O3, however, the single oxygen vacancy model fails to explain the observed multi-peak emission in the experiment. Herein, we have theoretically investigated the diversity of oxygen vacancy distribution, revealing the relationship between the defect configurations and the optical properties. Combining the first-principles calculations and bayesian regularized artificial neural networks, we demonstrate that the structural stability can be remarkably enhanced by multi-oxygen vacancy aggregation, which will evolve with the defect concentration and temperature. Notably, our results indicate that the single oxygen vacancy will induce the emission peaks centered at 1.35 eV, while multi-peak emission near 2.35 eV will be attributed to the distribution of aggregated double oxygen vacancies. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of multi-peak emission observed in In2O3, and the rules of the vacancy distribution may be extended for other metal oxides to modulate the optical properties in practice.
Probing local electron temperature and density inside a sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch using portable optical Thomson scattering
Authors: Banasek J. T. , Goyon C. , Bott-Suzuki S. C. , Swadling G. F. , Quinley M. , Levitt B. , Nelson B. A. , Shumlak U. , McLean H. S.
Published: February 2023

We report the first optical Thomson scattering measurements inside a high electron temperature (≳1 keV) and moderate electron density (mid 1016 cm−3) plasma. This diagnostic has been built to provide critical plasma parameters, such as electron temperature and density, for Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy-supported fusion-energy concepts. It uses an 8 J laser at 532 nm in 1.5 ns to measure the high frequency feature of the Thomson scattering profile at 17 locations along the probe axis. It is able to measure electron density from 5 × 1017 cm−3 to several 1019 cm−3 and electron temperatures from tens of eV to several keV. Here, we describe the design, deployment, and analysis on the sheared flow stabilized Z-pinch machine at Zap Energy named FuZE. The probe beam is aimed at an axial distance of 20 cm from the central electrode and is timed within the temporal envelope of neutron emission. The high temperature and moderate density plasmas generated on FuZE lie in an unconventional regime for Thomson scattering as they are between tokamaks and laser-produced plasmas. We described the analysis considerations in this regime, show that the electron density was below 5 × 1016 cm−3 at all times during these measurements, and present a sample shot where the inferred electron temperature varied from 167 ± 16 eV to 700 ± 85 eV over 1.6 cm.
Probing power laws in multifrequency AFM
Authors: Santos Sergio , Gadelrab Karim , Olukan Tuza , Font Josep , Barcons Victor , Chiesa Matteo
Published: February 2023

Quantification of conservative forces in multifrequency atomic force microscopy requires solving the general equations of the theory expressed in terms of the virials of interaction. Power law expressions are commonly utilized when dealing with electrostatic, ferroelectric, magnetic, or long range (van der Waals) forces. Here, we discuss long range forces modeled in terms of power laws (n), where the exponent n covers the range n = 2–5, and employ the multifrequency theory to explore the relevant parameter space. Numerical integration of the equations of motion suggest that only a narrow range of operational parameters are available when imaging where the approximations are valid. Albeit these conditions exist, and the corresponding errors can be as low as 10% throughout for all exponents explored.