bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Salicylic Acid in Mitigating Stress and Improving Productivity of Crops: A Review
Authors: Paul Akash , Kakoti Mriganko , Dutta Pompi , Hazarika Bidisha , Robertson Ayekpam , Talukdar Nilabh , Ray Sudeshna
Published: July 2024

Plant stress encompasses the alterations occurring in plants when confronted with adverse environmental conditions. These conditions, though not immediately life-threatening, trigger alarm signals within the plants. Stress can arise from two primary factors: abiotic stress, such as drought, heat, or salinity, and biotic stress, caused by pathogens like insects, viruses, or bacteria. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) serve as an effective method to assist plants in coping with stress. Salicylic acid (SA), a crucial PGR, regulates various facets of plant growth and development. It influences seed germination, organ development, stomatal movement, photoperiodic responses, and aging. SA aids plants in combating environmental stressors like cold, heat, drought, and salinity, while also bolstering defenses against diseases. External application of SA becomes necessary when the natural levels in plants are insufficient to manage stress. SA can be derived from willow bark, extracted from plants like mango or broccoli, or synthesized from phenylalanine or phenol. Its application during stress conditions triggers protective antioxidant responses, enhances nutrient uptake under salinity, aids photosynthesis and metabolite movement in heat stress, and promotes root development and resilience to waterlogging. SA's interactions with other PGRs like auxin, ethylene, and abscisic acid further assist plants in tolerating multiple stressors. Although research has explored SA's role in mitigating individual stresses, further investigation is needed, particularly in real-world field conditions where plants face concurrent stressors.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Grain Amaranth
Authors: Chaudhary B. J. , Leva R. L. , Tripathi Sonal , Patel K. K. , Chudasama S. D. , Chaudhari N. M.
Published: July 2024

The research was conducted during rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India. Nine   integrated nutrient management treatments were applied to grain amaranth crop in rabi season (mid-November and harvested in April/May) and replicated three times in randomized block design. Almost all the growth attributes, yield attributes, and quality were significantly improved due to combination of organic manures and inorganics. Significantly higher grain yield (1371 kg/ha) and stover yield (2916 kg/ha) were recorded under the application of vermicompost 5 t/ha + 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T6). However, this yield was at par with the application of biocompost 5 t/ha + 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T4) and application of FYM 5 t/ha + 100% RND through inorganic fertilizer (T2) in pooled analysis of 2022-23 to 2023-24. Application of biocompost 5 t/ha + 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T4) gave maximum profitably higher net returns (₹ 65768) and BCR (2.67) among all the treatments.
Recent Sustainable Practices for Eco-Friendly Utilisation of Sericultural Waste Products
Authors: Qayoom Kahkashan , Manzoor Shaista
Published: July 2024

Silk, a protein fiber renowned for its luxurious texture and sheen in textiles, generates significant waste during production, resulting in economic losses and environmental concerns. This review delves into innovative methods for utilizing silk waste through bio-degradation techniques. It highlights the resulting benefits of waste management and environmental conservation. The conversion of silk waste into bio-composites is highlighted as a promising approach that could potentially supplement or replace synthetic materials in various applications. Furthermore, the inherent biodegradability of silk makes it ideal for the development of environmentally friendly products, including bioplastics. In addition to these applications, silk waste is presented as a potential source for bioenergy production and as an eco-friendly replacement for traditional fossil fuels. Also, the water purification properties of silk waste are explored, showing that it could serve as a means of improving wastewater management techniques and providing clean water. By elucidating the numerous benefits of repurposing silk waste, this mini review elaborates on the remarkable advantages of recycling silk waste and therefore shows the necessity of inventive thinking that can guide the practices of industry toward environmental conservation. The use of silk waste not only offers an opportunity to correct environmental degradation but is also an indication of a fundamental change in resource management, thus paving the way for a sustainable future.
Genetic Variability and Diversity for Rancidity and Associated Characters in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Pallavi M. , Reddy P. Sanjana , Ratnavathi C. V. , Krishna K.V. Radha
Published: July 2024

Pearl millet stands as one of the hardiest warm-season crops globally, offering a rich source of energy, protein, iron, and zinc. The development of high-yielding pearl millet hybrids, characterized by excellent flour quality, is crucial for fulfilling the demands of the food industry. The study focused on assessing yield, rancidity, and associated traits across 49 parental lines, comprising 24 B lines and 25 R lines of pearl millet. Notably, lines 07999R, 04999B, and 08222R were identified as possessing low rancidity levels. Traits such as 1000-seed weight, fat content, lipase, lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and alcoholic acidity on the 5th day of storage exhibited high heritability and significant genetic advance, indicating the influence of additive gene effects. Both genotypic and phenotypic correlations showed a significant positive association between alcoholic acidity on 5th day of storage and the activity of enzymes such as lipase, lipoxygenase and peroxidase. In terms of diversity, Cluster II showcased lines characterized by low alcoholic acidity on 5th day of storage and moderate grain yield per plant.
A Study of the Financial/Business Performance and Market Share of Non-Life Insurance Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Guan-Chih
Published: July 2024

This research explores the effect of financial and business performance to market share of non life insurance companies in Taiwan from 2005 to 2011. First, apply factor analysis to extract seventeen financial ratios into four factors which are defined as “risk assumption ability,” “investment performance,” “underwriting quality,” and “business ability.” The factor scores are calculated for the comparison of financial and business performance between domestic and foreign companies, under different systems, before and after financial crisis by One-Way ANOVA. The results find out the risk assumption ability, investment performance of domestic companies are significantly superior to foreign companies, but domestic companies in underwriting quality aren’t as good as foreign companies. The investment performance of companies under financial holding system is superior to non-financial holding system. The parameter estimate of fixed effects model show domestic companies have higher market shares than foreign companies and the business ability was significant in the domestic model. The results also show that the “risk assumption ability”, “underwriting quality” and “investment ability” significantly affect market share in financial holding system and non-financial holding system, but “business ability” does not affect market share under different systems.
atuação do profissional da informação em ambiente hospitalar: exemplo
Authors: Martins Susana , Carvalho Milena
Published: July 2024

A área da informação é transversal a todas as organizações.   A atual formação do profissional da informação, em particular dos diplomados da licenciatura em Ciências e Tecnologias da Documentação e Informação do ISCAP- P. Porto (Portugal), permite que, em parceria com colaboradores de outros departamentos, esses profissionais promovam a automatização de procedimentos infodocumentais que se encaram como  essenciais para a eficiência e eficácia das organizações. O projeto que se apresenta foi desenvolvido no Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (Portugal) e contempla duas vertentes/objetivos principais. Os objetivos deste projeto englobam a análise e pesquisa de estruturas normativas utilizadas nacional e internacionalmente conduzindo à estruturação da informação dos documentos analisados e o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de protótipo  de  software capaz  de  identificar e extrair texto  de  documentos em formato pdf, de forma a prestar auxílio às tarefas de descrição dos mesmos, promovendo a automatização desta tarefa. O projeto baseia-se na revisão de literatura que sustentou todo o enquadramento teórico e o trabalho prático. A estrutura de dados foi desenvolvida através da aplicação Microsoft Visual Studio com o formato XML. Procedeu-se igualmente à escolha da linguagem de programação a usar (Python) e ao desenvolvimento do protótipo. O projeto apresentou como resultados a estrutura de dados para três tipos de documentos (Relatórios; Exemplo de Audiometrias; Consentimento Informado Esclarecido e Livre) e, a criação de um protótipo capaz de, de forma automatizada, preencher metadados, agilizando assim procedimentos internos. Conclui-se que este tipo de intervenção, por parte do atual profissional da informação, é possível com o apoio do departamento de informática/tecnologias das organizações, e que, sendo possível de implementar, terá um impacto positivo no que concerne à agilização de tarefas, promovendo um mais rápido acesso à informação.
bibliotecário além dos estereótipos: desvendando representações na produção científica, na percepção do público e na análise de obras de ficção
Authors: Soler Lauren Bednarczuk Pecine Misko , Rocha Ednéia Silva Santos
Published: July 2024

O artigo discute a evolução dos estereótipos de bibliotecários, em especial o arquétipo de idosa de coque com comportamento hostil; e como é a realidade da profissão atualmente, relacionando as representações na ficção com os impactos na percepção do público.  Através de um breve estudo bibliométrico na base de dados Scopus, somada a uma busca exploratória não-estruturada no Google para integrar a pesquisa, nota-se consequências na percepção do público sobre a profissão, embora o tema atraia interesse variado de pesquisas científicas ao longo do tempo, em destaque o período entre 1976 e 2023. A abordagem teórica do artigo se sustenta em conceitos de “Representações Sociais” de Serge Moscovici, somando-se um questionário com o público a fim de relacionar seus resultados com a literatura existente da área. Desta forma, a análise feita avaliou que o estereótipo permanece no imaginário coletivo apesar de mudanças nas representações e que existe um entendimento relativo do público sobre as atuações e a realidade do bibliotecário.
Prospecção científica e tecnologica da dengue no Brasil e no Nordeste (2011-2021)
Authors: Oliveira Marcos Antônio Gomes de , Pires Edjane Vieira
Published: July 2024

A dengue é uma doença infecciosa que atinge os países tropicais e subtropicais, causando grandes problemas de saúde pública. O vírus da dengue se divide em quatro tipos diferentes, a saber: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 e DENV-4. Posto isto, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma prospecção científica e tecnológica acerca da dengue e/ou seu vetor de contaminação no Brasil e no Nordeste. Para isso, foram realizadas buscas nas bases de deposito de patentes INPI e EPO. A prospecção cientifica foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Bireme, Science Direct e pubmed, limitada ao período entre 2011 a 2021. Os resultados da prospecção tecnológica mostraram que há uma proporção bem maior de patentes depositadas na base internacional EPO (589) e apenas 68 na base nacional de deposito de patentes INPI. Além disso, percebeu-se que a base de dados com maior número de artigos científicos publicados foi a Google Acadêmico para todos os descritores empregados. Diante do exposto, é notória a necessidade de maior incentivo no âmbito das pesquisas cientificas e tecnológicas, uma vez que a dengue representa uma preocupação em termos de saúde pública no Brasil.
Gap Size Reduction and Increased SERS Enhancement in Lithographically Patterned Nanoparticle Arrays by Templated Growth
Authors: Merk Virginia , Kneipp Janina , Leosson Kristjan
Published: February 2013

A general method for reducing interparticle gap size in lithographically patterned metal particle arrays is introduced. Dense gold nanoparticle arrays are fabricated by electron beam lithography and the patterned structure is subsequently covered with thin layers of gold and annealed at a high temperature. This results in ripening of the initially patterned particles and in reduced interparticle distances, as well as in an improvement in the optical properties through gold recrystallization and grain growth. At intermediate processing steps, a distinctly bimodal particle distribution can be realized for effective nanofocusing of incident radiation into a high density of hotspots. 3D finite‐difference time domain simulations and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering experiments confirm that high local electric fields arise in such structures, resulting in enhancement of the Raman signals on the order of 106. This combination of lithographic patterning and self‐assembly can be used to obtain novel plasmonic nanostructures that cannot be directly fabricated by other means.
Public attitudes regarding a pilot study of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Rothwell Erin , Anderson Rebecca A. , Swoboda Kathryn J. , Stark Louisa , Botkin Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2013

A population‐based pilot study of newborns screening for a rare genetic condition, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is being conducted with funding from the National Institutes of Health. The first component of the study is to assess the ethical, legal, and social implications of population‐based pilot studies with a focus on public engagement and parental decision‐making for the proposed opt‐out approach in this research. We conducted focus groups with members of the general public to ascertain attitudes about the pilot study and acceptability of an opt‐out approach in two states, Colorado and Utah, where the pilot screening is being proposed (N = 70). We developed an informational video for the project and showed it to the groups prior to the discussion in order to inform participants about population‐based research, newborn screening (NBS), permission/consent models, and SMA. Results indicated support for the conduct of pilot studies that is consistent with the current standard of practice for similar population‐based programs. There was support for an opt‐out approach for parental decision‐making; however there was limited parental knowledge about population‐based research, NBS and SMA. In general, our participants considered this pilot study to be low risk and of potential benefit to infants and families. The majority of participants were supportive of an opt‐out approach with information delivered through various avenues © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Considering the vascular hypothesis for the pathogenesis of small intestinal atresia: A case control study of genetic factors
Authors: Gupta Tanya , Yang Wei , Iovannisci David M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. , Lammer Edward J.
Published: February 2013

Small intestinal atresia (SIA) is a rare congenital occlusion of the small intestine. SIA development, particularly in the jejunum and ileum, has been associated with in utero disruption of vascular supply. However, the number of studies of the vascular hypothesis is limited. This study considers the vascular hypothesis by exploring risks associated with 32 SNPs of genes involved in vascular processes of homocysteine metabolism, coagulation, cell–cell interactions, inflammatory response, and blood pressure regulation. A total of 206 SIA cases were ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, and 573 infants with no major congenital anomalies by their first birthday were selected as controls. Genomic DNA was genotyped for 32 SNPs involving the following genes: MTHFR, F2, F5, F7, SERPINE1, FGB, ITGA2, ITGB3, SELE, ICAM1, MMP3, TNF, LTA, NOS3, AGTR1, AGT, NPPA, ADD1, SCNN1A, GNB3, and ADRB2. Risks were estimated as odds ratios, adjusted for maternal age and race, with 95% confidence intervals. Cases were considered collectively and by subgroups based on atresia location (duodenal/jejunum/ileum). Three SNPs had reduced risk: SERPINE1 11053 T/G, MMP3 (‐1171) A6/A5, and ADRB2 gln27glu. Two had increased risk: ITGA2 873 G/A and NPPA 2238 T/C. No intestinal subphenotypes showed a unique pattern of SNP associations. The association of two SNPs with increased risk lends some, albeit limited, support to vascular impairment as a possible mechanism leading to SIA. These results also identify genes meriting further exploration in SIA studies. Hence, this study makes an important contribution by exploring the long‐held but not well‐investigated vascular hypothesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent agnathia–otocephaly caused by DNA replication slippage in PRRX1
Authors: Dasouki Majed , Andrews Brian , Parimi Prabhu , Kamnasaran Deepak
Published: February 2013

Agnathia–otocephaly is a rare craniofacial malformation complex that is caused by de novo heterozygous and biallelic mutations in PRRX1 in two unrelated babies, respectively. We studied the PRRX1 gene in a non‐consanguineous Indonesian female infant who was diagnosed prenatally with severe retrognathia (bilateral Pruzansky type III). Her older affected brother died shortly after birth and had agnathia–otocephaly. A c.266_269dupAAAA frameshift mutation in the poly A tract in PRRX1 was identified in the proband while her father only had an inframe duplication (c.267_269dupAAA) of the adenosine trinucleotide residue. Expression of both mutations in COS7 cells showed loss of function of the frame shift mutation only. Results of SNP genotyping coupled with recurrence of this novel mutation in this family are consistent with a paternally derived germline mosaicism rather than autosomal recessive inheritance as predicted by the family history. Severe retrognathia (bilateral Pruzansky III) and agnathia–otocephaly represent a spectrum of craniofacial malformations in this family. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Metabolic Function Biomarkers in the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus
Authors: ZIEGLER TONI E. , COLMAN RICKI J. , TARDIF SUZETTE D. , SOSA MEGAN E. , WEGNER FREDRICK H. , WITTWER DANIEL J. , SHRESTHA HEMANTA
Published: February 2013

Metabolic assessment of a non‐human primate model of metabolic syndrome and obesity requires the necessary biomarkers specific to the species. While the rhesus monkey has a number of specific assays for assessing metabolic syndrome, the marmoset does not. Furthermore, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has a small blood volume that necessitates using a single blood volume for multiple analyses. The common marmoset holds a great potential as an alternative primate model for the study of human disease but assay methods need to be developed and validated for the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. Here we report on the adaptation, development, and validation of commercially available immunoassays for common marmoset samples in small volumes. We have performed biological validations for insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin to demonstrate the use of these biomarkers in examining metabolic syndrome and other related diseases in the common marmoset. Am. J. Primatol. 75:500‐508, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent progress and current applications of Sonogashira coupling reaction in water
Authors: Bakherad Mohammad
Published: February 2013

The use of aqueous media in palladium‐catalyzed reactions has become popular because water‐based synthetic processes are inherently safer as well as being inexpensive. Moreover, it does not require dry solvents, and the products may easily be isolated by extraction, which greatly facilitates the operation. Thus the use of water in palladium‐catalyzed reactions represents one of the most economically and environmentally viable options for many organic transformations. In this review, recent developments of Sonogashira reaction in water or aqueous media will be disclosed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The quality and qualities of information
Authors: Mai Jens‐Erik
Published: February 2013

The paper discusses and analyzes the notion of information quality in terms of a pragmatic philosophy of language. It is argued that the notion of information quality is of great importance, and needs to be situated better within a sound philosophy of information to help frame information quality in a broader conceptual light. It is found that much research on information quality conceptualizes information quality as either an inherent property of the information itself, or as an individual mental construct of the users. The notion of information quality is often not situated within a philosophy of information. This paper outlines a conceptual framework in which information is regarded as a semiotic sign, and extends that notion with Paul Grice's pragmatic philosophy of language to provide a conversational notion of information quality that is contextual and tied to the notion of meaning.
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Induced Polymorphous Phase Transitions in 2D Organic Nanostructures
Authors: Xu Li , Miao Xinrui , Zha Bao , Deng Wenli
Published: February 2013

The 2D self‐assembly of various 2‐hydroxy‐7‐alkoxy‐9‐fluorenone (HAF) molecules has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid/solid interface. A systematic study revealed that HAF molecules with different numbers of carbon atoms in their alkoxy chains could form two or three different kinds of nanostructures, that is, less‐ordered, flower‐like, and zig‐zag patterns, owing to the formation of different types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The observed structural transition was found to be driven by molecular thermodynamics, surface diffusion, and the voltage pulse that was applied to the STM tip. The zig‐zag pattern was the most stable of these configurations. An odd–even effect on the flower‐like structure, as induced by the odd and even number of carbon atoms in the side chain, was observed by STM. The influence of the odd–even effect on the melting point has a close relationship with the molecular self‐assembled pattern. Our results are significant for understanding the influence of hydrogen‐bonding interactions on the dominant adsorption behavior on the surface and provide a new visual approach for observing the influence of the odd–even effect on the phase transition.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Doubly β‐to‐β Bridged Cyclic ZnII Porphyrin Arrays
Authors: Hao Qingshan , Zeng Yi , Yu Tianjun , Chen Jinping , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi
Published: February 2013

A series of doubly β‐to‐β bridged cyclic ZnII porphyrin arrays were prepared by a stepwise Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of borylated ZnII porphyrin with different bridge groups. The coupling of the building block of β,β′‐diboryl ZnII porphyrin 1 with different bridges provided the doubly β‐to‐β carbazole‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 3, the fluorene‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 5, the fluorenone‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 7, and the three‐carbazole‐bridged ZnII porphyrin ring 8. The structural assignment of 3 was confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction analysis, which revealed a highly symmetrical and remarkably bent syn‐form structure. The incorporation of bridge units with different electronic effects results in different photophysical properties of the cyclic ZnII porphyrin arrays. Comprehensive photophysical studies demonstrate that the electron‐withdrawing bridge fluorenone has the largest electronic interaction with the ZnII porphyrin unit among the series, thus resulting in the highest two‐photon absorption cross‐section values (σ(2)) of 6570±60 GM for 7. The present work provides a new strategy for developing porphyrin‐based optical materials.
A toolbox for generating single‐stranded DNA in optical tweezers experiments
Authors: Candelli Andrea , Hoekstra Tjalle P. , Farge Geraldine , Gross Peter , Peterman Erwin J. G. , Wuite Gijs J. L.
Published: February 2013

Essential genomic transactions such as DNA‐damage repair and DNA replication take place on single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) or require specific single‐stranded/double‐stranded DNA (ssDNA/dsDNA) junctions (SDSJ). A significant challenge in single‐molecule studies of DNA–protein interactions using optical trapping is the design and generation of appropriate DNA templates. In contrast to dsDNA, only a limited toolbox is available for the generation of ssDNA constructs for optical tweezers experiments. Here, we present several kinds of DNA templates suitable for single‐molecule experiments requiring segments of ssDNA of several kilobases in length. These different biotinylated dsDNA templates can be tethered between optically trapped microspheres and can, by the subsequent use of force‐induced DNA melting, be converted into partial or complete ssDNA molecules. We systematically investigated the time scale and efficiency of force‐induced melting at different ionic strengths for DNA molecules of different sequences and lengths. Furthermore, we quantified the impact of microspheres of different sizes on the lifetime of ssDNA tethers in optical tweezers experiments. Together, these experiments provide deeper insights into the variables that impact the production of ssDNA for single molecules studies and represent a starting point for further optimization of DNA templates that permit the investigation of protein binding and kinetics on ssDNA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99:611–620, 2013.
President's page
Authors: Dillon Andrew
Published: February 2013

Editor's Summary

With overwhelming support for the proposed name change to the Association for Information Science & Technology, the Society is pursuing implementation efforts. Updating a name is one in a range of changes many professional societies are undergoing, as observed at the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) annual meeting in December 2012. Two shared concerns were evident. In response to dwindling publication revenues that threaten each organization's fiscal stability, a consortium approach was proposed that would handle the mechanics of publishing and provide negotiating strength and capacity through numbers. Attendees also discussed predatory practices in conference organization, with similarly named alternative conventions timed to compete with established conferences. The ambiguity creates confusion and can divert presenters and attendees from recognized top‐tier meetings. A key lesson from the CSSP meeting was the need to build relationships with other societies and the disciplines affected by information science and technology.
Third ASIS&T student design competition: The “truthiness” challenge
Authors: Schwartz Candy
Published: February 2013

Editor's Summary

For the third year, students attending the ASIS&T Annual Meeting were invited to compete in a design challenge, this time focusing on “truthiness.” The task was to devise a user opinion site that would distinguish fake reviews from valid and trustworthy ones. Students settled into four teams, based partly on the similarity of their shoes, and chose topics for their sites. Over two days, grabbing time between conference sessions, the teams gathered to plot out aspects of their site including system architecture, input and output features and user interaction. Teams then described the hypothetical sites to a panel of four judges, who considered creativity, impact on the problem, feasibility, contribution to humanity and quality of the presentation. As members of the winning team of Pratt + S. Carolina + Mizzou, Matt Miller, Jeff Mixer, Ben Richardson, Dinara Saparova, Andy Steinitz and Yao Zhang will receive free registration for the 2013 ASIS&T Annual Meeting in Montreal.
ASIS&T online education initiatives: Driving the future
Authors: Rasmussen Diane M. , Smith Linda C.
Published: February 2013

Editor's Summary

SIG/ED sponsored a panel at the 2012 ASIS&T Annual Meeting to review the Society's web educational efforts and explore promising future options. By late 2012 ASIS&T had presented nearly 40 webinars. A Webinar Task Force studied using web conferencing to raise the association's visibility and found the format to be popular and worth expanding. Considering other modalities, the Online Education Task Force concluded that ASIS&T should develop a unified online platform to support a variety of web‐based events and communication forums. During the panel session, trends in online education were discussed, including the use of Learning Management Systems that support webinars as well as blogs, social networks, discussion boards and other interaction channels for an online learning community. Panel attendees offered numerous additional suggestions including member preference surveys, collaborating with other organizations and repackaging webinar content. A follow‐up task force will take a holistic look at the association's web presence, and members are invited to submit their ideas.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: Evolving and emerging research methods: 2012 ASIS&T SIG/USE symposium
Authors: Mon Lorri , Williamson Jeanine
Published: February 2013

Editor's Summary

SIG/USE celebrated members' work and achievements in research methods at the 2012 ASIS&T Annual Meeting through a keynote speech, brief talks and awards. In her opening talk, professor Lisa Given challenged attendees to expand research methods to engage participants more fully, include qualitative findings and explore information behavior in nontraditional media. The topics of two‐minute lightning talks ranged from research techniques for exploring young people's information behavior to imaging brain activity related to relevance decisions. Others addressed incorporating mobile technologies in research, collaborative search, direct interaction with participants in contrast with background server log checks and working with data collections from social Q&A sites. Following the talks, small group discussions further explored topics such as cognitive approaches, content analysis and text analytics and usability. The symposium wound to a close with the 2011 Elfreda A. Chatman Research Award presentation on information strategies of the homeless and a preview of the 2012 proposed study on refugees' information seeking. Additional awards were presented for best paper and poster to support travel and further presentations. Pertti Vakkari was recognized for outstanding contributions to information behavior research and was inducted into the SIG/USE Academy of Fellows.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: From vision to reality: The emerging information professional
Authors: Hirsh Sandra
Published: February 2013

Editor's Summary

At a panel organized by the Information Professionals Task Force for the 2012 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, several respected leaders in the field shared insights about how to move the profession forward. Gary Marchionini conveyed observations from an earlier symposium including recognition of common values and the social mission of the profession, changing economic models affecting organizations and the need to focus on problem solving instead of narrow disciplines. Michele Cloonan outlined factors likely to affect new graduates entering the profession, such as the growing interaction among formerly distinct segments of the information world, global networking, a greater focus on data curation and attention to leadership development. Though hurricane Sandy thinned the panel of recruiters of information professionals, Allen Tien of MDLogix noted problem solving, communication and continual learning among the skills and competencies he looks for. A focal point in the follow‐up discussion was the difficulty recent graduates have finding jobs; panelists pointed to opportunities in nontraditional information environments.
Child Maltreatment and Household Dysfunction in a British Birth Cohort
Authors: Denholm Rachel , Power Chris , Thomas Claudia , Li Leah
Published: February 2013

In this article, we assess the prevalence of child maltreatments, their co‐occurrence and associations with household dysfunction in a large population cohort. Information from the 1958 British birth cohort on childhood abuse, neglect and household dysfunction recorded at 45 years and during childhood was used. Prevalence was calculated in three samples: individuals with each measure (n = 9310–15 583); 45‐year‐old participants (n = 9310); and all surviving to 45 years (n = 17 313) includes imputed data. A cumulative neglect score was derived. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was applied to establish the co‐occurrence of maltreatments. In the three samples, 14.2 to 17.1 per cent of participants reported any form of abuse: psychological (10.0–12.5%), physical (6.1–9.0%), sexual (1.6–2.9%) and witnessing abuse (6.0–8.5%). A high neglect score (≥ 3; prevalence 25.9–32.1%) was positively associated with any form of abuse (30% increase/unit). LCA identified 8.2 per cent of participants at risk of both abuse and neglect, and 24.9 per cent at high risk of neglect ‘only’. Measures of household dysfunction were associated with all types of child maltreatment, particularly with abuse and neglect. Approximately one‐third of this population sample showed a high risk of child maltreatment; over one in ten reported any form of abuse. Those from dysfunctional family backgrounds were particularly vulnerable to both child abuse and neglect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘Those from dysfunctional family backgrounds were particularly vulnerable to both child abuse and neglect’

Key Practitioner Messages

What Is Known

Child abuse and neglect are common and likely to co‐occur.

Measures of household dysfunction are associated with child maltreatment.

What This Study Adds

Child maltreatments co‐occur in the 1958 cohort: one in three had an increased risk of neglect, and of these 25 per cent were at risk of abuse.

Individuals from dysfunctional family backgrounds were at an increased risk of maltreatments in childhood.

Dysfunctional family background was more strongly associated with abuse and neglect together than neglect alone.
Grading the Graded Care Profile
Authors: Sen Robin , Lister Pam Green , Rigby Paul , Kendrick Andrew
Published: February 2013

This paper presents some of the key findings of a study investigating the introduction of the Graded Care Profile (GCP) – a tool used in the assessment of child neglect – in one Scottish local authority where neglect is the primary reason for which nearly half of all children are placed on the Child Protection Register. The findings suggest that while there are some advantages to the use of the GCP there are also a number of significant questions about previous claims made about its objectivity and value‐neutrality, its user‐friendliness and its ability to generate good partnership working with parents, particularly where there are substantive disagreements about the quality of care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘While there are some advantages to the use of the GCP there are also a number of significant questions’

Key Practitioner Messages:

The GCP is used to identify and respond to neglect.

This study examined the perspectives of parents and practitioners about the GCP in one Scottish area.

It found a favourable response to the way that the GCP breaks down the parenting task into more specific areas.

Identified difficulties included the abstract language in the GCP and positive parental engagement where there were substantive disagreements about the quality of care.
Improved Conformational Stability of the Visual G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Rhodopsin by Specific Interaction with Docosahexaenoic Acid Phospholipid
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Maria Jesús , Ramon Eva , Torrent‐Burgués Juan , Garriga Pere
Published: February 2013

Rhodopsin is the photoreceptor located in the rod cells of the retina. It has seven transmembrane helices and is a prototypic member of the G protein‐coupled receptor superfamily. The structures and functions of these receptors are clearly affected by the lipid composition of the cell membrane, and their study in a purified recombinant form is usually performed in detergent solution. There is a need to study these receptors in a physiologically relevant environment because the lipid environment is known to have an important effect on their function. In this work, rhodopsin reconstituted in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) liposomes is shown to have more thermal stability than when it is solubilised with the neutral detergent dodecyl maltoside. Moreover, the specific interaction between rhodopsin and DHA was followed by means of Langmuir experiments with insertion of rhodopsin into lipid monolayers; this showed high affinity for the lipid–receptor interaction. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that the conformation of opsin obtained after photobleaching is preserved in DHA‐containing liposomes, thereby allowing retinal to re‐enter the binding pocket even long after bleaching. Overall, our results demonstrate that liposomes of this specific lipid provide a more stable environment for ground‐state inactive rhodopsin in the dark, than dodecyl maltoside detergent, and that this lipid can also preserve the native correctly folded ligand‐free opsin conformation obtained after illumination. This strategy will be used in further studies on mutations of rhodopsin associated with congenital retinopathies.
Alanine Scan of the Peptide Antibiotic Feglymycin: Assessment of Amino Acid Side Chains Contributing to Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Hänchen Anne , Rausch Saskia , Landmann Benjamin , Toti Luigi , Nusser Antje , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: February 2013

The antibiotic feglymycin is a linear 13‐mer peptide synthesized by the bacterium Streptomyces sp. DSM 11171. It mainly consists of the nonproteinogenic amino acids 4‐hydroxyphenylglycine and 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine. An alanine scan of feglymycin was performed by solution‐phase peptide synthesis in order to assess the significance of individual amino acid side chains for biological activity. Hence, 13 peptides were synthesized from di‐ and tripeptide building blocks, and subsequently tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Furthermore we tested the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurA and MurC, which are inhibited by feglymycin. Whereas the antibacterial activity is significantly based on the three amino acids D‐Hpg1, L‐Hpg5, and L‐Phe12, the inhibitory activity against MurA and MurC depends mainly on L‐Asp13. The difference in the position dependence for antibacterial activity and enzyme inhibition suggests multiple molecular targets in the modes of action of feglymycin.
Synthesis of 2‐Azulenyl‐1,1,4,4‐tetracyano‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,3‐butadienes by [2+2] Cycloaddition of (Ferrocenylethynyl)azulenes with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Shoji Taku , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Morita Noboru
Published: February 2013

1‐, 2‐, and 6‐(Ferrocenylethynyl)azulene derivatives 10–16 have been prepared by palladium‐catalyzed alkynylation of ethynylferrocene with the corresponding haloazulenes under Sonogashira–Hagihara conditions. Compounds 10–16 reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in a [2+2] cycloaddition–cycloreversion reaction to afford the corresponding 2‐azulenyl‐1,1,4,4,‐tetracyano‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,3‐butadiene chromophores 17–23 in excellent yields. The redox behavior of the novel azulene chromophores 17–23 was examined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their multistep electrochemical reduction properties. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by visible spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions.
Controlling the Structural and Electrical Properties of Diacid Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene) Langmuir–Blodgett Films
Authors: Ballesteros Luz Marina , Martín Santiago , Cortés Javier , Marqués‐González Santiago , Higgins Simon J. , Nichols Richard J. , Low Paul J. , Cea Pilar
Published: February 2013

The preparation, characterization and electrical properties of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films composed of a symmetrically substituted oligomeric phenylene ethynylene derivative, namely, 4,4′‐[1,4‐phenylenebis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl)]dibenzoic acid (OPE2A), are described. Analysis of the surface pressure versus area per molecule isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy reveal that good‐quality Langmuir (L) films can be formed both on pure water and a basic subphase. Monolayer L films were transferred onto solid substrates with a transfer ratio of unity to obtain LB films. Both L and LB films prepared on or from a pure water subphase show a red shift in the UV/Vis spectrum of about 14 nm, in contrast to L and LB films prepared from a basic subphase, which show a hypsochromic shift of 15 nm. This result, together with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic and quartz crystal microbalance experiments, conclusively demonstrate formation of one‐layer LB films in which OPE2A molecules are chemisorbed onto gold substrates and consequently COOAu junctions are formed. In LB films prepared on a basic subphase the other terminal acid group is also deprotonated and associates with an Na+ counterion. In contrast, LB films prepared from a pure water subphase preserve the protonated acid group, and lateral H‐bonds with neighbouring molecules give rise to a supramolecular structure. STM‐based conductance studies revealed that films prepared from a basic subphase are more conductive than the analogous films prepared from pure water, and the electrical conductance of the deprotonated films also coincides more closely with single‐molecule conductance measurements. This result was interpreted not only in terms of better electron transmission in COOAu molecular junctions, but also in terms of the presence of lateral H‐bonds in the films formed from pure water, which lead to reduced conductance of the molecular junctions.
Synthesis of Luminescent Ethynyl‐Extended Regioisomers of Borate Complexes Based on 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole
Authors: Massue Julien , Frath Denis , Retailleau Pascal , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond
Published: February 2013

A series of thirteen luminescent tetrahedral borate complexes based on the 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) core is presented. Their synthesis includes the incorporation of an ethynyl fragment by Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction, with the goal of extending the conjugation and consequently redshifting their emission wavelength. Different regioisomers, substituted in the 3‐, 4‐, or 5‐position of the phenolate side of the HBO core, were studied in order to compare their photophysical properties. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and NMR, UV/Vis, and emission spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state. In all cases, complexation to boron leads to a donor–acceptor character that impacts their photophysical properties. Complexes with a 3‐ or 5‐substituted fragment display mild to pronounced internal charge transfer (ICT), a feature strengthened by the presence of p‐dibutylaminophenylacetylene in the molecular structure, protonation of the nitrogen atom of which leads to a significant blueshift and an increase in quantum yield. On the contrary, when the ethynyl module is grafted on the 4‐position, narrow, structured, symmetrical absorption/emission bands are observed. Moreover, the fact that protonation has little effect on the emission maximum wavelength reveals singlet excited‐state decay. Solid‐state emission properties reveal a redshift compared to solution, explained by tight packing of the π‐conjugated systems and the high planarity of the dyes. Subsequent connection of these complexes to other photoactive subunits (BODIPY, Boranil) provides dyads in which efficient cascade energy transfer is observed.
Does the Molecular Electrostatic Potential Reflect the Effects of Substituents in Aromatic Systems?
Authors: Galabov Boris , Nikolova Valia , Ilieva Sonia
Published: February 2013

A detailed analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) at selected positions in molecular space was performed for a series of substituted benzene derivatives. We show that appropriately selected MEP values can quantitatively reflect the regiospecific effects of substituents on the aromatic ring. Theoretically evaluated electrostatic potentials in close proximity to the ring carbon atoms reflect well both through‐space and resonance effects and excellent correlation is established between the MEP values and substituent constants. The best descriptor of the local properties at different ring positions is the electrostatic potential at nuclei (EPN).
Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Complexes with Mono‐ and Diphenylacetonitrile: Formation of Unusual Four‐ and Six‐Membered Metallacycles
Authors: Becker Lisanne , Burlakov Vladimir V. , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Baumann Wolfgang , Jiao Haijun , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: February 2013

Reactions of Group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes [Cp′2M(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (1: M=Zr, Cp′=Cp*=η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; 2 a: M=Ti, Cp′=Cp*, and 2 b: M=Ti, Cp′2=rac‐(ebthi)=rac‐1,2‐ethylene‐1,1′‐bis(η5‐tetrahydroindenyl)) with diphenylacetonitrile (Ph2CHCN) and of the seven‐membered zirconacyclocumulene 3 with phenylacetonitrile (PhCH2CN) were investigated. Different compounds were obtained depending on the metal, the cyclopentadienyl ligand and the reaction temperature. In the first step, Ph2CHCN coordinated to 1 to form [Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)(NCCHPh2)] (4). Higher temperatures led to elimination of the alkyne, coordination of a second Ph2CHCN and transformation of the nitriles to a keteniminate and an imine ligand in [Cp*2Zr(NC2Ph2)(NCHCHPh2)] (5). The conversion of 4 to 5 was monitored by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The analogue titanocene complex 2 a eliminated the alkyne first, which led directly to [Cp*2Ti(NC2Ph2)2] (6) with two keteniminate ligands. In contrast, the reaction of 2 b with diphenylacetonitrile involved a formal coupling of the nitriles to obtain the unusual four‐membered titanacycle 7. An unexpected six‐membered fused zirconaheterocycle (8) resulted from the reaction of 3 with PhCH2CN. The molecular structures of complexes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Total Synthesis of theEscherichia coliO111O‐Specific Polysaccharide Repeating Unit
Authors: Calin Oliviana , Eller Steffen , Hahm Heung Sik , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: February 2013

The first total synthesis of theO‐antigen pentasaccharide repeating unit from Gram‐negative bacteriaEscherichia coliO111 was achieved starting from four monosaccharide building blocks. Key to the synthetic approach was a bis‐glycosylation reaction to combine trisaccharide10and colitose5. The colitose building block (5) was obtainedde novofrom non‐carbohydrate precursors. The pentasaccharide was equipped at the reducing end with an amino spacer to provide a handle for subsequent conjugation to a carrier protein in anticipation of immunological studies.