bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking Hermeneutics to Heart
Authors: Cole Casey S.
Published: September 2017

When we read “texts of terror,” how do we expect them as Scripture to speak to our lives today? Instead of asking what we might learn to believe or do, the orthopathic hermeneutic suggests we might ask, “How should this make us feel?” This article uses the story of the rape of Tamar in 2 Samuel 13 by examining what the text might do to us, not what we should do with the text. Following recent works of pentecostal scholarship, the article suggests that the goal of the reader should not be to search the passage for comfort, but rather to allow the Spirit to speak to us because of the troubling text, not in spite of it. When we do so, we learn to grieve with the Spirit and are inspired to live as instruments of the compassion of Jesus.
The Prosperity Gospel and the Spirit of Consumerism According to Joel Osteen
Authors: Mundey Peter
Published: September 2017

This article explores the link between Protestantism and the spirit of consumerist capitalism by focusing on the prosperity gospel and one of its most prominent contemporary proponents—pastor, televangelist, and New York Times bestselling author Joel Osteen. Through in-depth content analysis of eight of Osteen’s most influential and widely read books, I explore the underlying assumptions of his teachings about faith, prosperity, and consumption. The broader implications of Osteen’s theology of money and consumption for American religion—especially the link between Protestant Christianity, consumerism, and the American Dream—are considered. Findings reveal Osteen’s support for the consumerist belief that happiness and ultimate meaning in life are linked with ever-increasing discretionary consumption. Godliness and nonessential consumption go hand in hand for Osteen, whose Christianized version of the American Dream and prosperity gospel teachings are important components of the spirit of twenty-first-century consumerist capitalism.
Subsequence in the Pauline Epistles
Authors: Menzies Robert P.
Published: September 2017

Paul encourages every believer to experience a bestowal of the Spirit’s power that is theologically, and usually chronologically, distinct from the gift of the Spirit received at conversion. Paul typically describes this post-conversion infusion of spiritual power with the noun χάρισμα (“gift”). Paul speaks of this experience as “the gift of God” (2 Tim 1:6), “the gift in you” (1 Tim 4:14), and a “spiritual gift” (Rom 1:11), and the result of this empowering experience with simply the term gift (1 Cor 12). Thus Paul, like Luke, also highlights the need for each believer to experience a post-conversion infusion of spiritual power for ministry.
Understanding the Mediator: Taking Stock of the osce’s Mechanisms and Instruments for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Stenner Christina
Published: September 2017

Mediation and dialogue facilitation are at the heart of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europes’s (osce) engagements, and have become widely recognised as being among the most effective means for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts both, in terms of costs and results.
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The osce has however started with a different set of mechanisms to settle conflicts, such as the Valletta mechanism or the Conciliation Committee. This article examines these mechanisms and elaborates on the reasons why they have never been applied. It further describes the evolvement of new instruments, in particular, its mediation and dialogue facilitation capacities. Further, the osce has institutionalised an explicit mediation support capacity to provide adequate assistance, similar to the un and the eu. Without a doubt, the osce can be clearly regarded as a mediator. The article presents the osce’s different roles of being a mediator and its struggle for principles like inclusivity and efficiency, or impartiality and neutrality. The stocktaking of mechanisms and instruments and the osce’s role as a mediator concludes with the Organization’s weaknesses and strengths, and respective recommendations for further development.
Azerbaijan’s Perspectives on the osce Minsk Group
Authors: Shiriyev Zaur
Published: September 2017

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (osce) led Minsk Group – the principal mediator tasked with the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, is often criticised by Azerbaijan, due to the stalemate in negotiations. The intensive period of engagement between 2006 and 2009 brought first the initial and then the “updated” Madrid Principles. This was the chief working document that set forth the basic principles for peaceful resolution. The inactivity of the Minsk Group is often conceded as the result of maintaining “minimalist goals” – preventing full scale war and trying to bring conflict parties to the negotiating table. The April war in 2016 tested the fragility of the first goal: preventing skirmishes from leading to larger scale conflict. Similarly, after the April 2016 war, the attempt to revitalise the second goal – i.e. bringing the parties to the negotiating table – also collapsed, due to the increased mistrust between the parties after the war.

The article will evaluate the geopolitical changes and their impact on the Minsk Group’s work since 2008, the reasons for the demands to change the format of the Minsk Group, and finally Azerbaijan’s perspectives on the limitations of the Minsk Group’s current mandate and mechanisms.
Two new records of the coral symbiont crab genus Quadrella Dana, 1851, from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomy of Q. boopsis Alcock, 1898 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Trapeziidae)
Authors: LIN CHIA-WEI , NG PETER K. L.
Published: September 2017

Two symbiotic trapeziid crabs of the genus Qudrella Dana, 1851, were collected from southwestern Taiwan. Both are new records for the island. Quadrella coronata Dana, 1852, is usually associated with the soft coral Chironephthya spp., while Q. boopsis Alcock, 1898, was found with the scleractinian coral Tubastraea micrantha. The taxonomy of Q. boopsis is treated and the variation in the dorsal surface of the carapace, armature of the anterolateral margin and colour pattern discussed.
Contributions to the knowledge of predaceous midges of the subgenus Eukraiohelea Ingram & Macfie of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), from Brazil
Authors: CAZORLA CARLA G. , CARDOSO ERICK ARAGÃO , BAUER MARIA LUIZA FELIPPE
Published: September 2017

Two new species of predaceous midges of the subgenus Eukraiohelea Ingram & Macfie of Stilobezzia Kieffer are described and illustrated: Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima n. sp. and S. (E.) quasielegantula n. sp. The previously known New World species, Stilobezzia (E.) elegantula (Johannsen) is redescribed and illustrated. The species are illustrated through photomicrographs from adult males and females collected in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. A key to adults of the five American species of Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) is also provided.
Using an Isohaline Flux Analysis to Predict the Salt Content in an Unsteady Estuary
Authors: Rayson Matthew D. , Gross Edward S. , Hetland Robert D. , Fringer Oliver B.
Published: September 2017

An estuary is classified as unsteady when the salinity adjustment time is longer than the forcing time scale. Predicting salt content or salt intrusion length using scaling arguments based on a steady-state relationship between flow and salinity is inaccurate in these systems. In this study, a time-dependent salinity box model based on an unsteady Knudsen balance is used to demonstrate the effects of river flow, inward total exchange flow (tidal plus steady), and the salinity difference between inflow and outflow on the salt balance. A key component of the box model is a relationship that links the normalized difference between inflowing and outflowing salinity at the mouth and the mean salinity content. The normalized salinity difference is shown to be proportional to the mean salinity squared, based on theoretical arguments from the literature. The box model is validated by hindcasting 5 years of mean salinity in Galveston Bay (estimated from coarse observations) in response to highly variable river discharge. It is shown that this estuary typically has a long adjustment time relative to the forcing time scales, and, therefore, the volume-averaged salinity rarely reaches equilibrium. The box model highlights the reasons why the adjustment time in a large, partially mixed estuary like Galveston Bay is slower when the mean salt content is higher. Furthermore, it elucidates why the salt content in the estuary is more responsive to changes in river flow than in landward exchange flow at the estuary mouth, even though the latter quantity is usually several times larger.
Comments on “A Combined Derivation of the Integrated and Vertically Resolved, Coupled Wave–Current Equations”
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Suzuki Nobuhiro , McWilliams James C. , Aiki Hidenori
Published: September 2017

Several equivalent equations for the evolution of the wave-averaged current momentum have been proposed, implemented, and used. In contrast, the equation for the total momentum, which is the sum of the current and wave momenta, has not been widely used because it requires a less practical wave forcing. In an update on previous derivations, Mellor proposed a new formulation of the wave forcing for the total momentum equation. Here, the authors show that this derivation misses a leading-order term that has a zero depth-integrated value. Corrected for this omission, the wave forcing is equivalent to that in the first paper by Mellor. When this wave forcing effect on the currents is approximated it leads to an inconsistency. This study finally repeats and clarifies that the vertical integration of several various forms of the current-only momentum equations are consistent with the known depth-integrated equations for the mean flow momentum obtained by subtracting the wave momentum equation from the total momentum equation. Several other claims in prior Mellor manuscripts are discussed.
Time-Dependent Linear Theory for the Generation of Poleward Undercurrents on Eastern Boundaries
Authors: Samelson R. M.
Published: September 2017

A time-dependent, inviscid, linear theory for the generation of poleward undercurrent flow under upwelling conditions along midlatitude ocean eastern boundaries is proposed. The theory relies on a conceptual separation of time scales between the rapid, coastal-trapped wave response to upwelling winds and the subsequent slow, interior, quasigeostrophic evolution. Solutions are obtained under idealized conditions in which the coastal boundary and the continental-slope topography are uniform alongshore, and the time-dependent wind-stress forcing is applied over a limited meridional range, uniform cross-shore, and directed alongshore. A time-dependent coastal boundary condition on the slow-time-scale interior flow, consisting of the low-frequency, geostrophically balanced sea surface height disturbance over the outer shelf, is obtained from consideration of the fast-time-scale, coastal-trapped response. A quasigeostrophic potential vorticity equation is then solved to determine the interior response to this time-dependent boundary condition. Under upwelling conditions, the results show the formation of a localized region of subsurface poleward flow over the upper continental slope that is qualitatively consistent in amplitude, location, and timing with observations of poleward undercurrents on eastern boundaries. Despite its origin as a sea surface height anomaly, the coastal-boundary condition drives a baroclinic planetary wave response, in which the poleward subsurface flow evolves in planetary vorticity balance with induced subsurface upwelling.
An Inverse Problem Approach for the Retrieval of Ice Particle Mass from In Situ Measurements
Authors: Coutris Pierre , Leroy Delphine , Fontaine Emmanuel , Schwarzenboeck Alfons
Published: September 2017

Mass–dimensional relationships have been published for decades to characterize the microphysical properties of ice cloud particles. Classical retrieval methods employ a simplifying assumption that restricts the form of the mass–dimensional relationship to a power law, an assumption that was proved inaccurate in recent studies. In this paper, a nonstandard approach that leverages optimal use of in situ measurements to remove the power-law constraint is presented. A model formulated as a linear system of equations relating ice particle mass to particle size distribution (PSD) and ice water content (IWC) is established, and the mass retrieval process consists of solving the inverse problem with numerical optimization algorithms. First, the method is applied to a synthetic crystal dataset in order to validate the selected algorithms and to tune the regularization strategy. Subsequently, the method is applied to in situ measurements collected during the High Altitude Ice Crystal–High Ice Water Content field campaigns. Preliminary results confirm the method is efficient at retrieving size-dependent masses from real data despite a significant amount of noise: the IWC values calculated from the retrieved masses are in good agreement with reference IWC measurements (errors on the order of 10%–15%). The possibility to retrieve ice particle size–dependent masses combined with the flexibility left for sorting datasets as a function of parameters such as cloud temperature, cloud type, or convective index makes this approach well suited for studying ice cloud microphysical properties.
External Auditory Canal Foreign Body Extraction Outcomes
Authors: Karimnejad Kaveh , Nelson Erik J. , Rohde Rebecca L. , Costa Dary J.
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

To compare pediatric external auditory canal (EAC) foreign body extraction outcomes by clinical setting and identify factors predictive of successful removal.

Methods:

Retrospective review of pediatric patients with EAC foreign bodies to a single institution emergency department (ED) and otolaryngology clinic (OTO) between January 2010 and April 2015. Patient characteristics, foreign body type, removal attempts, instrumentation utilized, and complications were evaluated with respect to clinical setting and patient outcome.

Results:

In all, 1197 patients with EAC foreign bodies were identified, 759 (63%) of whom presented primarily to the ED. Successful removal was achieved in OTO in 92.9% of cases and the ED in 67.9% of cases. Beads and spherical objects had the overall lowest rates of successful removal. Likelihood of removal decreased significantly after one unsuccessful attempt. Complications were reported in 35.7% of patients undergoing removal in the ED and 5.0% of patients undergoing removal in the otolaryngology clinic.

Conclusions:

Patients commonly present to the ED for removal of EAC foreign bodies. Referral to an otolaryngologist is recommended if the object is spherical or after one unsuccessful attempt at removal.
Chemical Characterization and Determination of the Anti-Oxidant Capacity of Two Brown Algae with Respect to Sampling Season and Morphological Structures Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analyses
Authors: Beratto Angelo , Agurto Cristian , Freer Juanita , Peña-Farfal Carlos , Troncoso Nicolás , Agurto Andrés , Castillo Rosario del P.
Published: September 2017

Brown algae biomass has been shown to be a highly important industrial source for the production of alginates and different nutraceutical products. The characterization of this biomass is necessary in order to allocate its use to specific applications according to the chemical and biological characteristics of this highly variable resource. The methods commonly used for algae characterization require a long time for the analysis and rigorous pretreatments of samples. In this work, nondestructive and fast analyses of different morphological structures from Lessonia spicata and Macrocystis pyrifera, which were collected during different seasons, were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques in combination with chemometric methods. Mid-infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral ranges were tested to evaluate the spectral differences between the species, seasons, and morphological structures of algae using a principal component analysis (PCA). Quantitative analyses of the polyphenol and alginate contents and the anti-oxidant capacity of the samples were performed using partial least squares (PLS) with both spectral ranges in order to build a predictive model for the rapid quantification of these parameters with industrial purposes. The PCA mainly showed differences in the samples based on seasonal sampling, where changes were observed in the bands corresponding to polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. The obtained PLS models had high correlation coefficients (r) for the polyphenol content and anti-oxidant capacity (r > 0.9) and lower values for the alginate determination (0.7 < r < 0.8). Fourier transform infrared-based techniques were suitable tools for the rapid characterization of algae biomass, in which high variability in the samples was incorporated for the qualitative and quantitative analyses, and have the potential to be used on an industrial scale.
Interlaminar stress analysis of multilayered composites based on the Hu-Washizu variational theorem
Authors: Zhen Wu , Wanji Chen
Published: September 2017

Up to date, accurate prediction of interlaminar stresses is still a challenging issue for two-node beam elements. The postprocessing approaches by integrating the three-dimensional equilibrium equation have to be used to obtain improved transverse shear stresses, whereas the equilibrium approach requires the first-order derivatives of in-plane stresses. In-plane stresses within two-node beam element are constant, so the first-derivatives of in-plane stresses are close to zero. Thus, two-node beam elements encounter difficulties for accurate prediction of transverse shear stresses by the constitutive equation or the equilibrium equation, so a robust two-node beam element is expected. A two-node beam element in terms of the global higher-order zig-zag model is firstly developed by employing the three-field Hu-Washizu mixed variational principle. By studying the effects of different boundary conditions, stacking sequence and loading on interlaminar stresses of multilayered composite beams, it is shown that the proposed two-node beam element yields more accurate results with lesser computational cost compared to various higher-order models. It is more important that accurate transverse shear stress has active impact on displacements and in-plane stresses of multilayered composite beams.
Recovery Capital and Quality of Life in Stable Recovery From Addiction
Authors: O’Sullivan Deirdre , Xiao Yi , Watts Justin R.
Published: September 2017

Quality of life is becoming an increasingly important outcome measure in both relapse prevention research and rehabilitation counseling research. Recovery capital is a collection of the people and resources believed to contribute to long-term recovery from addiction. Recovery capital indicators were assessed along with quality of life in a national sample of peer support participants in stable recovery ( n = 76) to determine which recovery capital indicators relate to quality of life at this stage. Results reveal that relapse history, refusal self-efficacy, and self-stigma significantly explained about 23% of quality of life in our sample. A discussion of recovery stages and recovery capital is included, as well as implications for rehabilitation counseling practice and research.
Contested meanings of mental health and well-being among university students
Authors: Jithoo Vinitha
Published: September 2017

Emerging adults are an important group not only because their opinions and knowledge will determine future attitudes but also because of the emergence of mental health problems during young adulthood. In order to provide relevant support, academics, health care providers as well as policy makers need to be more cognisant of how emerging adults make meaning of their psycho-social developmental context. The objective of the study was to explore how a cohort of 150 university students made meaning of emotional well-being and mental illness, the causes of mental health problems, the negative connotations associated with mental ill health, help-seeking behaviours, and how culture was used as a lens through which mental well-being was understood. The main findings indicate that students struggle to fully understand these concepts mainly because it is shrouded in mystery and complexity and not engaged with freely because of stigma and stereotypical attitudes, and while culture provides a lens to understand the causes and interventions, emerging adults often adopt a level of scepticism and are beginning to vacillate between tradition and modernity. Emerging adults face many barriers to accessing health care services including limited knowledge and stigma related to services, lack of confidentiality, fear of mistreatment, location of facilities, and the high cost of services. Universities and government should actively engage with research evidence to inform policies and programmes to improve the health and well-being of emerging adults.
Between the Academy and Queerness
Authors: Turner George W. , Pelts Michael , Thompson Michelle
Published: September 2017

Three social work scholars explore their experiences of microaggressions in academia using queer theory as a lens to disrupt, deconstruct, and disorder the dominant heteronormative discourse. Qualitative analysis of autoethnography narratives resulted in seven themes describing experiences of microaggressions in social work education. Themes illuminated were as follows: (1) queer isolation, (2) throwing shade, (3) queer insult, (4) biphobia: not queer (straight) enough, (5) too queer, (6) queer backlash, and (7) revolving closet door. Concept mapping was used to explore each of these areas as they relate to the values of social work. Recommendations for social work education and research are presented.
Shock and Volatility Spillovers Among Equity Sectors of the National Stock Exchange in India
Authors: Majumder Sayantan Bandhu , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan
Published: September 2017

The basic thrust of this article is to examine how shocks and volatility are transmitted across sector indices. This article employs the autoregressive asymmetric BEKK-GARCH model. The study is based on daily data from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India from January 2004 to January 2014. Volatility spillover was found to be bidirectional among the two pro-cyclical sectors: Finance and IT. But, there was a unidirectional shock and volatility spillover from the non-cyclical FMCG sector to both the pro-cyclical sectors. The FMCG sector has remained almost unaffected by the spillover from the other sectors. Moreover, the evidence of asymmetric spillover has been found to be present in most of the case. Second, correlations between the sectors were found to be higher during the period of global financial crisis. But no such evidence was found in the context of the Euro zone debt crisis. Understanding the dynamics of shocks and volatility transmission is necessary for risk management in general and for optimal portfolio allocation and hedging strategy in particular. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on Indian stock market which has analysed the dynamics of shock and volatility transmission across sector indices.
Whose Place Is This Anyway? An Actor-Network Theory Exploration of a Conservation Conflict
Authors: Bennett Julia
Published: September 2017

This is a story of community protest, natural landscape, and the conservation of a small area of National Trust land in North West England. Taking an ethnographic approach into the history of this conflict over the management of nature, this research examines contested perceptions of an area of countryside with the national designation of a “site of special scientific interest.” There is a disjuncture between policy-oriented “official” interpretations of the site as a “site of special scientific interest” needing conservation, which alludes to its historical identity, and local people’s sense of belonging to the place as it has evolved through benign neglect. Using an actor-network theory-based approach to the relationships between the different entities involved at this site, this article examines the different ways of caring for places and the implications of these for future generations.
A Decadal Revisiting of the Assessment of Pilot Control Interfaces for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Pankok Carl , Bass Ellen J.
Published: September 2017

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) control design is critical for mitigating the negative human factors effects associated with operating the aircraft remotely, such as latency in the transfer of information and loss of sensory information. With this in mind, we conducted a systematic review of the human factors UAS literature to identify control automation and input devices with the objective of modernizing the seminal Williams (2007) assessment of UAS control interfaces. We also identified compatible automation-input device pairs, and characterized the literature based on the control strategies. The characterization of the literature reflected our identified compatibilities between the levels of control and input devices. Generally, the levels of UAS control identified by Williams (2007) are still prevalent in the literature, but we identified two levels that he did not account for in his taxonomy, including guided manual control (similar to LNAV/VNAV guidance in manned aircraft) and objective control (in which the remote pilot in command uploads an objective to the UAS and automation creates a route and controls the aircraft to meet the objective).
Assessing General Aviation Pilots’ Interpretation of Weather Products: Traditional and New Automated Generation Products
Authors: King Jayde M. , Ortiz Yolanda , Guinn Thomas , Lanicci John , Blickensderfer Beth L. , Thomas Robert , DeFilipis Nicholas
Published: September 2017

The General Aviation (GA) community accounts for the majority of weather related aviation accidents and incidents. Interpreting and understanding weather products is crucial to hazardous weather avoidance, and previous studies have indicated that improving usability of weather products can improve pilot decision making. The Aviation Weather Center offers two broad types of graphical weather products for assessing icing, turbulence and flight category. These are traditional human-in-the-loop products (G-AIRMETs Ice, Tango, and Sierra) and fully-automated products (CIP/FIP, GTG, and CVA). This study assessed and compared pilots’ understanding of the fully-automated products in comparison to the human-in-loop products. Participants (n=131) completed a set of weather product interpretation questions. A series of mixed ANOVAs were conducted to analyze the effects of pilot certificate and/or rating (Student, Private, Private with Instrument, Commercial with Instrument) and product generation (traditional vs. automated) on product interpretation score. Results indicated that, despite product generation, pilots performed similarly on the icing and ceiling/visibility products, but performed significantly better on the new fully automated turbulence product (GTG) than when using the traditional turbulence product (AIRMET Tango). Usability and training implications are discussed.
Robot Theater with Children for STEAM Education
Authors: Barnes Jaclyn , FakhrHosseini Maryam S. , Vasey Eric , Duford Zackery , Jeon Myounghoon
Published: September 2017

To promote STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education, we conducted a long-term study in an elementary school as part of an after-school program. We worked with small groups of 5 to 7 year old children in hour long weekly sessions for nine weeks. We introduced the children to a variety of robots spanning a wide range of form factors and technical sophistication. Over the course of our study, the children played with the robots, constructed robot models with clay, and wrote and acted in a theater production with robots. We believe that this technique of using robots as actors in children’s theater productions has significant potential for educating children in a number of fields under the STEAM paradigm.
Eye Tracking Metrics for Insider Threat Detection in a Simulated Work Environment
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Reinerman-Jones Lauren , Wohleber Ryan , Ortiz Eric
Published: September 2017

Insider Threats (ITs) are hard to identify because of their knowledge of the organization and motivation to avoid detection. One approach to detecting ITs utilizes Active Indicators (AI), stimuli that elicit a characteristic response from the insider. The present research implemented this approach within a simulation of financial investigative work. A sequence of AIs associated with accessing a locked file was introduced into an ongoing workflow. Participants allocated to an insider role accessed the file illicitly. Eye tracking metrics were used to differentiate insiders and control participants performing legitimate role. Data suggested that ITs may show responses suggestive of strategic concealment of interest and emotional stress. Such findings may provide the basis for a cognitive engineering approach to IT detection.
Risk Map as a Library Management Information Dashboard: A Case Study in Adapting a Configural Display
Authors: Wong B.L. William , Gulden Jens
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we report on our application of Cognitive Work Analysis to create an Abstraction Hierarchy model that helps librarians identify key functional relationships for managing the overall performance of a library. By themselves, functional relationships are not as useful in providing insights into the reasons for good or poor performance. However, when these functional relationships are set against the context of system invariants and constraints, they can provide library managers information useful for diagnosis and localization of problems. We propose the Risk Map visualization technique as an information dashboard to cognitively access these functional relationships. Furthermore, when these functional relationships are portrayed over time, trends and patterns can be detected with relative ease.
The Influence of Risky Conditions in Trust in Autonomous Systems
Authors: Satterfield Kelly , Baldwin Carryl , de Visser Ewart , Shaw Tyler
Published: September 2017

In order to utilize the full range of benefits of autonomous systems, an understanding of how operators trust an automated system is vital. The level of risk in an environment is an important factor that many have suggested affects trust in automated and autonomous systems, but it has not been studied extensively. This study aims to explore the effect differing levels of risk can have on trust in an autonomous system with individuals that vary in their own risk profile. Using a UAV management task, participants worked with an autonomous teammate to protect an area from incoming enemies. Risk was assessed by how much money a participant stood to lose by not protecting the safe zone. Results partially support the hypothesis that trust decreases with increased risk, but results vary regarding behavioral trust and subjective trust. Overall, this experiment provides evidence that risk is an important situational factor that affects trust in automation.
Interactive Demonstration of an AC-130 Aircraft Virtual Reality Part Task Trainer
Authors: Sikorski Eric , Palla Amanda
Published: September 2017

This session will demonstrate a Virtual Reality Part Task Trainer (vrPTT) that was developed under a Department of Defense funded research and development program. The vrPTT consists of Virtual Reality (VR) head mounted display (HMD) goggles and bare-hand motion sensor technology integrated via a high speed gaming computer that hosts an automated, intelligent tutor. Upon donning the VR goggles, the user is immersed into a cockpit of an AC-130 aircraft. The AC-130 system instruments are operationally accurate with selection and feedback indications true to aircraft operational parameters. The demonstration will allow participants to manipulate buttons and switches on a simulated checklist completion task within the immersive vrPTT environment. The Session attendees will gain an understanding of VR’s potential for DoD aircrew training from a human factors psychology and instructional systems design perspective by interacting with a developed capability.
Workplace Satisfaction Before and After Move to an Open Plan Office - Including Interactions with Gender and Introversion
Authors: Bos Nathan , Molinaro Kylie , Perrone Alexander , Sharer Kelly , Greenberg Ariel
Published: September 2017

Open plan offices are both popular and controversial. We studied the response of a group moving from shared, but closed offices to an open plan office. The main data source reported here is a workplace satisfaction survey given pre-move, post-move, and to a lab baseline comparison group at the same organization, with some additional data from observations and interviews. Workers moving to the open plan office appreciated the flexible support for collaboration and the space’s appearance. There was lower satisfaction related to space for private concentrated work, temperature control, and ability to have private conversations. There were also some statistical interactions suggesting more positive responses by males and less positive responses by introverts; analysis was limited by small sample size. Observations and interviews gave further insight into open plan “neighborhoods” and the design of ad hoc spaces.
The Effect of Habitual Exercise on Daytime Sleepiness and Mood of US Navy Sailors
Authors: Dahlman Anna Sjörs , Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita Lewis
Published: September 2017

As part of a broader study, this work investigates if habitual exercise protects against mood deterioration and daytime sleepiness in Sailors during underway operations. Previous work has shown that unfavorable watchstanding schedules have negative effects on sleep quality, subjective levels of fatigue, mood, and psychomotor vigilance performance. The participants were crewmembers of a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier (N=193), working on two different watchstanding schedules. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and profile of mood state (POMS) scores were compared between participants who reported exercising < 3 times/week and ≥3 times/week. During the course of the underway, ESS and POMS scores changed more favorably for the crewmembers who exercised 3 or more times/week compared to their peers who exercised less. The effect of working out was more prominent in the less favorable shift schedule. These results suggest that habitual exercise can be a protective buffer against some of the negative effects of watchstanding while underway.
Capturing the Medication Management Work System of Older Adults Using a Digital Diary Method
Authors: Mickelson Robin S. , Holden Richard J.
Published: September 2017

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) has the potential to transform the lives of older adults by helping them better manage their health and disease. Older adults are often beset with multiple chronic illnesses and struggle to manage complex medication regimens. Non-adherence, errors, and poor outcomes are common. New research shows that patients’ health-related activities constitute an effortful, goal-driven type of work called patient work. HFE can play a major role in the study and improvement of patient work performance but current HFE methods are not fully suitable. This is in part because patient work is variable and takes place in home and community settings dissimilar to those commonly studied by healthcare HFE researchers. The objective of this study was to perform a work systems analysis of the medication management work of older adults with heart failure by adapting a method more suitable for the study of patient work. This qualitative longitudinal study used an innovative digital diary data collection method. Fifteen older adults with heart failure made medication-related multimedia recordings over a one-week period followed by an interview. These data were content analyzed according to the Patient Work System model. Results identified 6 organizational (70 instances), 7 task (45 instances), 7 tool (31 instances), 6 patient (31 instances), 4 social (21 instances), and 2 physical work system factors (10 instances). Patient medication performance suffered from a lack of care coordination and integration. Organizational tools such as mail order delivery facilitated access, but many patients devised tools and strategies to address other barriers. The study concluded that there is a need to design task-relevant tools to support and optimize the patients’ medication management work systems.
Distributed Electronic Documentation Practices of Homecare Admission: Informing Electronic Health Record Design Guidelines
Authors: Yang Yushi , Bass Ellen J. , Sockolow Paulina
Published: September 2017

Home care nurses complete many activities as part of the admission process. A pilot study of the home care admission process indicated that a nurse distributes data entry tasks between the patient’s home and a post-documentation period later in the day. We found evidence of a strategy to document information that requires direct observation (either from the patient or through viewing the home environment) in the home. We found evidence of a strategy to document outside of the home for data elements based on clinical judgment or assessments as well as information supported by clinical decision support in the Electronic Health Record (EHR). These finding inform recommendations for data entry and navigation design guidelines for home care admission EHR systems.
New Methods for Healthcare System Evaluation Using Human Reliability Analysis
Authors: Paul Barach , Vitaly Levashenko , Elena Zaitseva
Published: September 2017

The method of Human Reliability Analysis aims to identify and surface the potential failures of the system resulting from human errors, analyze causes and identify appropriate countermeasures to prevent and reduce the linked risk and resultant patient harm. These methods are well-accepted and integrated into the safety management process in most industries. These methods allow the investigation of medical error and patient harm and to develop the applications of these methods to the problem of adverse reactions to treatment and other associated risks in healthcare. In this paper a new method for evaluation of human factor in healthcare is proposed. Important specifics of this method is the examination based on ambiguously and incompletely specified clinical data with application of principles from Data Mining.
Human Factors in the Wild Delivering Safety in the Pediatric World (Discussion Panel)
Authors: Khunlertkit Adjhaporn (Nana) , Yin Shanqing , Rivera A. Joy , Tremoulet Patrice , Won James , Tran Grace , Wolf Laurie
Published: September 2017

The pediatric healthcare environment is arguably more complex than the general, adult, healthcare settings (e.g., weight based dosing, caring for patients who cannot advocate for themselves, etc.). These complexities and the ever-changing dynamics of the pediatric patient population and their families increase risk of healthcare professionals committing errors that may result in patient harm. Moreover, due to their physiologic state, when pediatric patients incur such errors their impact is exacerbated due to the fact that children are often less capable of recovering from such events. Human Factors Engineering can help promote a culture of safety and high reliability by using proven techniques to understand human fallibility and help prevent or mitigate human error in healthcare. This panel invites six diverse healthcare HF practitioners from different organizations to share their experiences, contributions, and the impacts they have made to improve pediatric patient safety. Our panel will provide a unique lens on the application of HF approaches, and what sensitive factors toned to be considered to successfully enhance pediatric patient safety.
Modeling and Simulation of Skill Decay at the Organizational Team Level
Authors: Trani Alexandra N. , Hutto Clayton J. , Fausset Cara B. , Cheng Samuel , Hale Chris R. , McDermott Thomas , Folds Dennis J.
Published: September 2017

When building teams, organizations select individuals capable of acquiring and maintaining skills required for team success. Often, teams undergo a period of skill non-use that can result in skill decay during the lifespan of the team. Despite this reality, researchers have failed to create a comprehensive model that can predict complex skill decay at multiple levels within an organization. McDermott and colleagues (2016) proposed an equation to address this gap. Using simulation data, the present paper applies this equation to model expected skill decay in three hypothetical contexts: simple, mid-range, and complex engineering design cases. The model predicts team-level skill decay in a holistic manner by integrating factors from task, environment, and team characteristics. Results indicate that, while novel for its integration mechanisms, the model maintains strong congruency with previous literature for individual factors. We discuss ways that organizations may reduce complex skill decay as well as future research directions.
The Status of the Strategic Task Overload Model (STOM) for Predicting Multi-Task Management
Authors: Wickens Christopher D. , Gutzwiller Robert S.
Published: September 2017

A model for task switching which focuses on the decision making of operators in overloaded multitask conditions is reviewed and new research presented. The STOM model is an ongoing effort and as such, work is now accumulating, which serves to validate the model as a useful predictive method, but also is uncovering uncertainties that require further investigation. Here we summarize the origins of the model, which was informed by past modeling efforts, a literature review and a meta-analysis. We then describe in detail the basic parameters of STOM and the current status of each, before discussing future directions and six uncertainties uncovered when building our understanding of task switching choice.
Defining Human Capability from Soldier and Task Data
Authors: Handley Holly A. H.
Published: September 2017

The Soldier-Equipment-Task (SET) Framework identifies the three main components of a soldier system and the relationships between them. The human focused data collected by the Human Viewpoint during the system architecting phase can be used as initial reference data for the SET Framework. The Solder (or Human) Capability relationship is defined in the SET Framework between the Soldier and Task Components; this is where the majority of the Human Viewpoint data resides. This paper provides a mapping of the Human Viewpoint data to the SET Framework and develops a methodology to evaluate the Soldier-Task Human Capability relationship for use in Soldier System or other human system focused analyses.
Personality, Social Identity, and Individual Differences in Multinational Decision-Making
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Reinerman-Jones Lauren , Burke Shawn , Teo Grace , Scribner David
Published: September 2017

Contemporary military operations require the US to partner with coalition nations, so that commanders must make effective decisions for multinational teams. The effectiveness of decision-making may depend on various factors. General decision-making competence and personality traits that promote interpersonal functioning may be advantageous in the team context. Sociocultural factors such as a strong nationalistic social identity may be harmful to decision-making in multinational teams. The current study ( N=696) examined correlates of a Situation Judgment Test (SJT) for multicultural decision-making ability in multiple samples. Predictors of better SJT performance included general decision-making ability, low nationalism, and various personality traits. Multivariate analyses discriminated multiple, independent predictors. Findings suggest assessment of the various strengths and weaknesses that shape the individual’s decision-making may inform training for multicultural competence.
The Combined Benefits of Slip-Resistant Shoes and High Traction Flooring on Coefficient of Friction Exceeds Their Individual Contributions
Authors: Beschorner Kurt E. , Jones Taylor G. , Iraqi Arian
Published: September 2017

High traction flooring and slip-resistant shoes are often used to reduce slip and fall accidents. However, the relative contribution and interactions across these parameters on available coefficient of friction (ACOF) are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of flooring and slip-resistant shoes on ACOF. Seventeen shoes, five flooring tiles and three contaminants were tested using a robotic slip-tester, while ACOF was measured. ACOF was higher for slip-resistant shoes than not slip-resistant shoes. Larger effects were observed for shoe classification compared with flooring. Interaction effects indicated that the gap across shoe classifications was greater for the high ACOF floorings compared to the low ACOF floorings. This study suggests that the benefit of combining high traction flooring and slip-resistant shoes exceed the summed benefit of these factors and has the potential to reduce slipping events.
Subjective and Objective Estimation of Physical Activities on the Lower Extremities for Inpatient Staff Nurses and Their Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Discomfort
Authors: Li Jing , Sommerich Carolyn , Lavender Steve , Chipps Esther , Stasny Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

Registered nurses have a higher incidence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) compared with the overall rate for MSDs in the U.S. Attention has been on back pain in nurses, but the lower extremities are also a frequent site of discomfort in nurses, though only a few studies have reported on this problem, investigations of risk factors are limited, and reports of successful interventions are primarily anecdotal. Studies in other populations have identified prolonged time on one’s feet as a risk factor for various lower extremity problems. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hospital inpatient staff nurses’ lower extremity discomfort and to subjectively and objectively quantify lower extremity physical activities exposure during work, specifically walking, standing, and sitting, and examine any interaction with type of unit or shift, in order to begin to describe the physical loading of the lower extremities in this type of nursing work.
The Effect of Agent Reasoning Transparency on Complacent Behavior: An Analysis of Eye Movements and Response Performance
Authors: Wright Julia L. , Chen Jessie Y.C. , Barnes Michael J. , Hancock Peter A.
Published: September 2017

We examined how varying the transparency of agent reasoning affected complacent behavior, in the form of incorrect acceptances of an agent’s recommendations, in a route selection task. We were particularly interested in how participants’ eye movements might disambiguate whether the incorrect acceptances were due to complacency or incorrect information processing. Participants guided a threevehicle convoy safely through a simulated environment of which they had a limited amount of information, while maintaining communication with command and monitoring their surroundings for threats. The intelligent route-planning agent assessed potential threats and suggested changes to the convoy route as needed. Each participant was assigned to one of three agent reasoning transparency conditions. While access to agent reasoning did appear to reduce complacent behavior in one condition, performance in the other conditions indicated potential complacent behavior. An area of interest analysis, reviewed in conjunction with the performance data, indicated the reason behind the participants’ behavior was different between these two conditions. While in the non-transparent condition participants were likely engaging in complacent behavior, in the highly transparent condition it is more likely they were overwhelmed by the amount and/or type of information, resulting in difficulty assimilating the information to support their decision-making task.