bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving quality outcomes in head and neck free flap surgery with the use of a physician inpatient coordinator
Authors: Varadarajan Varun V. , Sawhney Raja , Bernard Stewart H. , Boyce Brian , Lang Dustin M. , Balamohan Sanjeev , Baskin Robert M. , Dziegielewski Peter T.
Published: May 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

Head and neck free flap patients require complex postoperative care. The quality of care for these patients often depends on their management from the time they leave the operating room. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a postoperative inpatient coordinator (IC) for head and free flap patients on quality outcomes: length of stay (LOS), 30‐day unplanned return to the emergency department (30dRED), 30‐day unplanned readmissions (30dUR), and complication rates.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

One hundred eighty‐eight consecutive patients who underwent head and neck free flap surgery between January 2012 and January 2016 were reviewed using a prospective database. Patients had an IC for their entire hospitalization (group 1) or for less than their entire hospitalization (group 2). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for quality outcomes.

Results

Mean LOS was 13.8 days and 17.3 days in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .002). The 30dRED rate was 12% and 22%, respectively (P = .04). Group 2 had an increased LOS by 4.1 days (P = .001) and a 2.4 fold increased 30dRED (P = .03). 30dUR and complications were not influenced by the IC (P > .05).

Conclusions

An IC may help decrease LOS and 30dRED in head and neck free flap patients.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:336–342, 2018
Squeezing flow between rigid tilted surfaces: A general solution and case study for MEMS
Authors: Moy Andy , Borca‐Tasciuc Diana‐Andra , Tichy John
Published: May 2017

Squeeze film flow occurs when two surfaces move in a normal direction relative to each other and is a phenomenon of importance to many engineering systems, from macro to microscale. Squeeze film damping is widely used in large‐scale rotating machinery but even more so presently in microsystems. In the latter case, for modelling purposes, the two surfaces producing the squeeze film flow are typically assumed perfectly parallel, which is often not the case in practice. This paper presents a general formula for squeezing flow between two rigid surfaces for both parallel and tilted configurations in the 1‐dimensional case (2‐dimensional flow). The solution is derived from the Reynolds equation. The results in the parallel case compare favorably to previous literature data. A case study is presented for plates with dimensions characteristic of microelectromechanical systems. The important contribution of this paper is to isolate and study this “tilt effect” which can contribute to discrepancies and confusion in interpreting squeeze film behaviour, particularly at the microscale.
An isoflavone enriched diet increases skeletal muscle adaptation in response to physical activity in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Zheng Wenya , Hengevoß Jonas , Soukup Sebastian T. , Kulling Sabine E. , Xie Mingyong , Diel Patrick
Published: May 2017

Scope

This study was to investigate anabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to an isoflavone (ISO) enriched diet, training and their combinations in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Methods and results

Female Wistar rats were sedentary, performed treadmill uphill running, received ISOs, or a combination of ISOs and running after ovariectomy. Body weight was increased by OVX. Both ISO and training treatment antagonized this increase. The weights of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were increased only when training and ISOs were combined. In soleus muscle insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1R, MyoD and Myogenin expressions were only up‐regulated by training in Sham groups. However, a stimulation of IGF‐1R and MyoD expression could be observed when ISOs and training were combined. In gastrocnemius muscle MyoD and Myogenin expressions were stimulated by either training or ISOs. Additive effects were detected when combining the two interventions.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the combination of ISOs and exercise is more efficient in increasing relative skeletal muscle mass and the expression of molecular markers related to anabolic adaptation in the skeletal muscle of female rats.
Accurate assessment of alpha‐gal syndrome using cetuximab and bovine thyroglobulin‐specific IgE
Authors: Sim Da Woon , Lee Jong Sun , Park Kyung Hee , Jeong Kyoung Yong , Ye Young‐Min , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Park Jung‐Won
Published: May 2017

Scope

IgE against galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal) causes alpha‐gal syndrome. Bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) and cetuximab share this epitope. We aimed to determine the utility of specific IgE (sIgE) against cetuximab as compared to BTG for diagnosing alpha‐gal syndrome.

Methods and results

Twelve patients with alpha‐gal syndrome, 11 patients with immediate beef or pork allergy, 18 asymptomatic individuals with meat sensitization, and 10 non‐atopic subjects were enrolled. We checked the levels of sIgE against BTG and cetuximab using the streptavidin CAP assay. Additionally, IgE reactivity to BTG and cetuximab was assessed by immunoblotting. All alpha‐gal syndrome patients had a high concentration of sIgE against BTG, and cetuximab. In contrast to alpha‐gal syndrome, patients with immediate allergic reactions to meat consumption and those with asymptomatic sensitization had significantly lower concentration of BTG and cetuximab sIgE, and a high prevalence of sIgE against bovine or porcine serum albumin. Although the concentration of sIgE against alpha‐gal was lower in individuals with asymptomatic sensitization, IgE immunoblotting showed the presence of sIgE against α‐Gal in this group.

Conclusion

Differentiation of alpha‐gal syndrome from patients with immediate allergy to meat consumption or asymptomatic sensitization requires quantification of cetuximab‐ or BTG‐induced sIgE via detection of IgE for α‐gal.
Harnessing polarisation transfer to indazole and imidazole through signal amplification by reversible exchange to improve their NMR detectability
Authors: Fekete Marianna , Rayner Peter J. , Green Gary G. R. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: May 2017

The signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) approach has been used to hyperpolarise the substrates indazole and imidazole in the presence of the co‐ligand acetonitrile through the action of the precataysts [IrCl(COD)(IMes)] and [IrCl(COD)(SIMes)]. 2H‐labelled forms of these catalysts were also examined. Our comparison of the two precatalysts [IrCl(COD)(IMes)] and [IrCl(COD)(SIMes)], coupled with 2H labelling of the N‐heterocyclic carbene and associated relaxation and polarisation field variation studies, demonstrates the critical and collective role these parameters play in controlling the efficiency of signal amplification by reversible exchange. Ultimately, with imidazole, a 700‐fold1H signal gain per proton is produced at 400 MHz, whilst for indazole, a 90‐fold increase per proton is achieved. The co‐ligand acetonitrile proved to optimally exhibit a 190‐fold signal gain per proton in these measurements, with the associated studies revealing the importance the substrate plays in controlling this value. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Designing 3D selective adiabatic radiofrequency pulses with single and parallel transmission
Authors: Jang Albert , Wu Xiaoping , Auerbach Edward J. , Garwood Michael
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To introduce a method of designing single and parallel transmit (pTx) 3D adiabatic π pulses for inverting and refocusing spins that are insensitive to transmit B1 (
) inhomogeneity.

Theory and Methods

A 3D adiabatic pulse is created by replacing each piece‐wise constant element (or sub‐pulse) of an adiabatic full passage (AFP) by a 2D selective pulse. In this study, the parent AFP is an HS1 and each sub‐pulse is a 2D pulse derived from a jinc function designed using a spiral k‐trajectory. Spatial selectivity in the third direction is achieved by blipping the slab‐selective gradient between sub‐pulses, yielding a rectangular slab profile identical to that of the parent AFP. The slew‐rate limited sub‐pulse can be undersampled utilizing pTx, thus shortening the overall pulse width. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the quality of spatial selectivity and adiabaticity achievable.

Results

The 3D adiabatic pulse inverts and refocus spins in a sharply demarcated cylindrical volume. When stepping RF amplitude, an adiabatic threshold is observed above which the flip angle remains π. Experimental results demonstrate that pTx is an effective means to significantly improve pulse performance.

Conclusion

A method of designing 3D adiabatic pulses insensitive to B1 inhomogeneity has been developed. pTx can shorten these pulses while retaining their adiabatic character. Magn Reson Med 79:701–710, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Accelerated whole‐heart MR angiography using a variable‐density poisson‐disc undersampling pattern and compressed sensing reconstruction
Authors: Moghari Mehdi H. , Uecker Martin , Roujol Sébastien , Sabbagh Majid , Geva Tal , Powell Andrew J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To accelerate whole‐heart three‐dimension MR angiography (MRA) by using a variable‐density Poisson‐disc undersampling pattern and a compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm, and compare the results with sensitivity encoding (SENSE).

Methods

For whole‐heart MRA, a prospective variable‐density Poisson‐disc k‐space undersampling pattern was developed in which 1–2% of central part of k‐space was fully sampled, and sampling in the remainder decreased exponentially toward the periphery. The undersampled data were then estimated using CS reconstruction. In patients, images using this sequence with an undersampling rate of ≈6 were compared with those using a SENSE rate of 2 (n = 15) and a SENSE rate of 6 (n = 13).

Results

Compared with SENSE rate 2, CS rate 6 images had similar objective border sharpness, significantly lower subjective image quality scores at all four locations (all P < 0.01), and shorter scan times (P < 0.05). Compared with SENSE rate 6, CS rate 6 had similar objective border sharpness at all four locations, significantly better subjective image quality scores at three of four locations (all P < 0.01), and similar scan times (P = 0.24).

Conclusion

Compared with SENSE with a comparable acceleration rate, a variable‐density Poisson‐disc undersampling pattern and CS reconstruction achieved better subjective image quality and similar border sharpness. Magn Reson Med 79:761–769, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
5D whole‐heart sparse MRI
Authors: Feng Li , Coppo Simone , Piccini Davide , Yerly Jerome , Lim Ruth P. , Masci Pier Giorgio , Stuber Matthias , Sodickson Daniel K. , Otazo Ricardo
Published: May 2017

Purpose

A 5D whole‐heart sparse imaging framework is proposed for simultaneous assessment of myocardial function and high‐resolution cardiac and respiratory motion‐resolved whole‐heart anatomy in a single continuous noncontrast MR scan.

Methods

A non–electrocardiograph (ECG)‐triggered 3D golden‐angle radial balanced steady‐state free precession sequence was used for data acquisition. The acquired 3D k‐space data were sorted into a 5D dataset containing separated cardiac and respiratory dimensions using a self‐extracted respiratory motion signal and a recorded ECG signal. Images were then reconstructed using XD‐GRASP, a multidimensional compressed sensing technique exploiting correlations/sparsity along cardiac and respiratory dimensions. 5D whole‐heart imaging was compared with respiratory motion‐corrected 3D and 4D whole‐heart imaging in nine volunteers for evaluation of the myocardium, great vessels, and coronary arteries. It was also compared with breath‐held, ECG‐gated 2D cardiac cine imaging for validation of cardiac function quantification.

Results

5D whole‐heart images received systematic higher quality scores in the myocardium, great vessels and coronary arteries. Quantitative coronary sharpness and length were always better for the 5D images. Good agreement was obtained for quantification of cardiac function compared with 2D cine imaging.

Conclusion

5D whole‐heart sparse imaging represents a robust and promising framework for simplified comprehensive cardiac MRI without the need for breath‐hold and motion correction. Magn Reson Med 79:826–838, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Dynamic resource allocation for big data streams based on data characteristics (5Vs)
Authors: Kaur Navroop , Sood Sandeep K.
Published: May 2017

Various Internet‐based applications such as social media, business transactions, mobile applications, cyber‐physical systems, and Internet of Things have led to the generation of big data streams in every field. The growing need to extract knowledge from big data streams has pioneered the challenge of selecting appropriate cloud resources. The current techniques allocate resources based on data characteristics. But because of the stochastic nature of data generation, the characteristics of data in big data streams are unknown. This poses difficulty in selecting and allocating appropriate resources to big data stream. Working towards this direction, this paper proposes a system that predicts the data characteristics in terms of volume, velocity, variety, variability, and veracity. The predicted values are expressed in a quadruple called Characteristics of Big data (CoBa). Thereafter, the proposed system uses self‐organizing maps to dynamically create clusters of cloud resources. One of these clusters is allocated to the big data stream based on its CoBa. The proposed system is dynamic in the sense that it changes the cloud cluster allocated to big data stream if its CoBa changes. Experimental results show that the proposed system has a performance edge over other streaming data processing tools such as Storm, Flume, and S4.
Design, preparation, and characterization of fast cure epoxy/amine‐functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Nonahal Milad , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Hassan Jafari Seyed , Rastin Hadi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Najafi Farhood , Simon Frank
Published: May 2017

Fast cure epoxy/amine‐functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were designed, prepared, and characterized in this work. The GO nanosheets were functionalized by aliphatic amines having the same structure but different chain length. XPS and FTIR analyses were used to probe chemical structure and elemental surface composition of nanosheets before and after functionalization. Cure kinetics analysis was performed by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on samples containing pristine and functionalized GO to achieve minimum possible hindered cure. Kinetic studies confirmed that addition of pristine GO brings a steric hindrance effect, as signaled by a fall in the onset temperature, exotherm temperature and the total heat of curing reaction. According to isoconversional model, activation energy of cure reaction fell from approximately 80 to slightly over 60 kJ mol−1 as a result of improved dispersion. SEM micrographs provided evidence for good dispersion of GO platelets bearing short‐arm amines; but activation energy in such system was surprisingly higher than that of the one filled with pristine GO. By contrast, network formation in nanocomposites with GO functionalized by long‐arm amine has been facilitated, signifying the dominance of aliphatic amine length over dispersion state. The accelerated/decelerated cure is inferred based on the reactivity of reaction moieties, dispersion state of GO in the epoxy matrix, and cure behavior/kinetics of nanocomposites. The developed fast cure epoxy/GO nanocomposites compete in crosslinking with blank epoxy system. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2016–E2027, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Capsicum spp. by GC–MS
Authors: Aranha Bianca Camargo , Hoffmann Jessica Fernanda , Barbieri Rosa Lia , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Chaves Fábio Clasen
Published: May 2017

Introduction

In order to conserve the biodiversity of Capsicum species and find genotypes with potential to be utilised commercially, Embrapa Clima Temperado maintains an active germplasm collection (AGC) that requires characterisation, enabling genotype selection and support for breeding programmes.

Objective

The objective of this study was to characterise pepper accessions from the Embrapa Clima Temperado AGC and differentiate species based on their metabolic profile using an untargeted metabolomics approach.

Material and Methods

Cold (˗20°C) methanol extraction residue of freeze‐dried fruit samples was partitioned into water/methanol (A) and chloroform (B) fractions. The polar fraction (A) was derivatised and both fractions (A and B) were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Data from each fraction was analysed using a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) with XCMS software.

Results

Amino acids, sugars, organic acids, capsaicinoids, and hydrocarbons were identified. Outlying accessions including P116 (C. chinense), P46, and P76 (C. annuum) were observed in a PCA plot mainly due to their high sucrose and fructose contents. PCA also indicated a separation of P221 (C. annuum) and P200 (C. chinense), because of their high dihydrocapsaicin content.

Conclusions

Although the metabolic profiling did not allow for grouping by species, it permitted the simultaneous identification and quantification of several compounds complementing and expanding the metabolic database of the studied Capsicum spp. in the AGC. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel cationic rare earth metal alkyl catalysts for precise olefin polymerization
Authors: Yang Fanzhi , Li Xiaofang
Published: May 2017

This mini‐review provides recent progress in the synthesis of rare earth metal dialkyl complexes and their application as highly efficient and regio‐/stereoselective catalysts in the coordination‐insertion (co)polymerization of olefins such as styrene, isoprene, 1,3‐cyclohexadiene, and ocimene. Through modifying the coordination atom, the ligand skeleton, and the substitutent on the skeleton of the chelating ligand, tuning the electron density and the steric environment around the rare earth metal center, the precise control of the activity and regio‐/stereoselectivity of the (co)polymerization as well as the comonomer incorporation and sequence distribution of the resulting copolymers are achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2271–2280
Can Extensional Flow Rupture Macromolecules in an Electrospinning Process?
Authors: Sun Chenggui , Ayranci Cagri , Chen Yu , Boluk Yaman
Published: May 2017

The fracture of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains under extensional stretching during the electrospinning of aqueous solutions was investigated by measuring solution viscosities and monitoring the change of molecular weight. The degree of macromolecular chain fractures in 1.0% polymer solutions increased with the increase in molecular weight. The strain rates for stretching and fracturing of macromolecules are critical for the degradation of polymers along with experimental elongational strain rates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1051–1054
Negative psychological consequences of breast cancer among recently diagnosed ethnically diverse women
Authors: Tejeda Silvia , Stolley Melinda R. , Vijayasiri Ganga , Campbell Richard T. , Estwing Ferrans Carol , Warnecke Richard B. , Rauscher Garth H.
Published: May 2017

Objective

Breast cancer has psychological consequences that impact quality of life. We examined factors associated with negative psychological consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis, in a diverse sample of 910 recently diagnosed patients (378 African American, 372 white, and 160 Latina).

Methods

Patients completed an in‐person interview as part of the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study within an average of 4 months from diagnosis. The Cockburn negative psychological consequences of breast cancer screening scale was revised to focus on a breast cancer diagnosis. Path analysis assessed predictors of psychological consequences and potential mediators between race/ethnicity and psychological consequences.

Results

Compared to white counterparts, bivariate analysis showed African American (β = 1.4, P < .05) and Latina (β = 3.6, P < .001) women reported greater psychological consequences. Strongest predictors (P < .05 for all) included unmet social support (β = .38), and provider trust (β = .12), followed by stage at diagnosis (β = .10) and perceived neighborhood social disorder (β = .09).The strongest mediator between race/ethnicity and psychological consequences was unmet social support.

Conclusions

African American and Latina women reported greater psychological consequences related to their breast cancer diagnosis; this disparity was mediated by differences in unmet social support. Social support represents a promising point of intervention.
Charge‐transfer‐to‐solvent absorption spectra of I−(H2O)3–5 at a finite temperature via simulation
Authors: Chiou Mong‐Feng , Sheu Wen‐Shyan
Published: May 2017

Ground‐state equilibrium Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics on I−(H2O)3–5 clusters at ∼200 K are performed to sample configurations for calculating the charge‐transfer‐to‐solvent (CTTS) absorption spectra for these clusters. When there are more water molecules in clusters, the calculated CTTS spectra are found to become more intense with the absorption maxima shifting to higher energies, which is in agreement with experimental results. In addition, compared with the findings for optimized structures, the absorption energies of the iodide 5p orbitals are red‐shifted at ∼200 K because, on average, the distances between the iodide and the dangling hydrogen atoms are increased at finite temperatures which weakens the interactions between the iodide and water molecules in the clusters. Moreover, the number of ionic hydrogen bonds in the clusters are also reduced. However, it is found that all dangling hydrogen atoms must be considered to obtain a good correlation between the CTTS excitation energy and the average distance between the iodide and the dangling hydrogen atoms, which indicates the existence of the strong interactions of the CTTS electron with all of the dangling hydrogen atoms.
Quantum chemical design of rotary molecular motors
Authors: Oruganti Baswanth , Wang Jun , Durbeej Bo
Published: May 2017

This tutorial review describes how recent quantum chemical calculations and non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations have provided valuable guidelines and insights for the design of more powerful synthetic rotary molecular motors. Following a brief overview of the various types of rotary motors synthesized to date, we present computationally identified steric and electronic approaches to significantly reduce the free‐energy barriers of the critical thermal isomerization steps of chiral overcrowded alkenes, a main class of motors whose potential for many different kinds of applications is well documented. Furthermore, we describe how computational research in this field has provided new motor designs that differ from overcrowded alkenes by either (1) completing a full 360° rotation through fewer steps, (2) exhibiting more efficient photochemical steps, or (3) requiring fewer chiral features for their function, including a design that even in the absence of a stereocenter achieves unidirectional rotary motion from two Z/E photoisomerizations alone.
Advanced analysis of copper X‐ray photoelectron spectra
Authors: Biesinger Mark C.
Published: May 2017

Chemical state X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of copper species is challenging because of the complexity of the 2p spectra resulting from shake‐up structures for Cu(II) species and overlapping binding energies for Cu metal and Cu(I) species. This paper builds upon and extends previously published X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy curve‐fitting and data analysis procedures for a wide range of copper containing species. Steps undertaken include the following: (i) an examination of existing Cu 2p3/2 main peak and Cu 2p3/2 – Cu L3M4,5M4,5 Auger parameter literature data, (ii) analysis of a series of quality standard samples, (iii) curve‐fitting procedures for both the Cu 2p3/2 and the Cu L3M4,5M4,5 spectra (as well as associated anions), (iv) calculations that determine the amount of Cu(II) species in a mixed oxidation state system, (v) calculations and necessary data for thin film mixed oxide/hydroxide thickness measurements, and (vi) a presentation of literature and standard sample values in a Wagner (chemical state) plot. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyelectrolyte brushes as efficient platform for synthesis of Cu and Pt bimetallic nanocrystals onto TiO2 nanowires
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Su Qiong , Ye Qian , Zhou Feng , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2017

A Cu–Pt nanoparticle catalyst supported on TiO2 nanowires (NWs) was prepared through regenerative counterion exchange–reduction using polyelectrolyte brush as template. Cationic polydimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate brushes were grafted onto TiO2 NWs. Cu–Pt nanocrystals were produced by anionic counterions CuCl42− and PtCl62− bound with the polymer brush through in situ reduction with NaBH4 of high density and low polydispersity. The as‐prepared TiO2 NWs/polymer brush/Cu–Pt was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR spectrometry), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–Vis adsorption spectrometry analyses. Results showed that the highly dispersed Cu and Pt nanoparticles were present on the surface of the TiO2 NWs/polymer brush. The resultant TiO2 NWs/polymer brush/Cu–Pt exhibited extremely high catalytic activity and reduced p‐nitrophenol at room temperature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion induced controlled modifications in structural and optical properties of indium oxide thin films – studies with 25‐keV Co− and N+ beam implantations
Authors: Sethi Riti , Kaushik Priya Darshni , Aziz Anver , Siddiqui Azher M. , Kumar Pravin
Published: May 2017

Two sets of indium oxide thin films (~150 nm) grown on quartz substrates using thermal evaporation technique were processed separately with 25‐keV Co− and N+ ions with several fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1015 to 1.0 × 1016 ions/cm2. The pristine and the ion implanted films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–Vis spectrometry. The RBS spectra reveal signature of only cobalt and nitrogen in accordance to their fluences confirming absence of any contamination arising due to ion implantation. An increase in the average crystallite size (from 13.7 to 15.3 nm) of Co− ions implanted films was confirmed by XRD. On the other hand, the films implanted with N+ ions showed a decrease in the average crystallite size from 20.1 to 13.7 nm. The XRD results were further verified by SEM micrographs. As seen in AFM images, the RMS surface roughness of the samples processed by both ion beams was found to decrease a bit (29.4 to 22.2 nm in Co− implanted samples and 24.2 to 23.3 nm in N+ implanted samples) with increasing fluence. The Tauc's plot deduced from UV–visible spectroscopy showed that the band gap decreases from 3.54 to 3.27 eV in Co− implanted films and increases from 3.38 to 3.58 eV for films implanted with N+ ions. The experimental results suggest that the modifications in structural and optical properties of indium oxide films can be controlled by optimizing the implantation conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐parametric stochastic generator for bivariate extreme events
Authors: Marcon Giulia , Naveau Philippe , Padoan Simone
Published: May 2017

The analysis of multiple extreme values aims to describe the stochastic behaviour of observations in the joint upper tail of a distribution function. For instance, being able to simulate multivariate extreme events is convenient for end users who need a large number of random replications of extremes as input of a given complex system to test its sensitivity. The simulation of multivariate extremes is often based on the assumption that the dependence structure, the so‐called extremal dependence function, is described by a specific parametric model. We propose a simulation method for sampling bivariate extremes, under the assumption that the extremal dependence function is semi‐parametric. This yields a flexible tool that can be broadly applied in real‐data analyses. With the aim of estimating the probability of belonging to some extreme sets, our methodology is examined via simulation and illustrated by an analysis of strong wind gusts in France. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steel‐to‐concrete joints with large anchor plates under shear loading
Authors: Ruopp Jakob , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: May 2017

In industry and plant engineering especially, high flexibility is required at joints between steel and concrete. According to current standards, the maximum number of fasteners is limited to an arrangement of 3 × 3 anchors on an anchor plate. The load‐carrying behaviour of large anchor plates under tension, shear and restraining forces was investigated within the scope of the research project ”Large Anchor Plates with Headed Studs for Highly Stressed Constructions in Industry and Plant Engineering“. This paper describes the research results obtained at the University of Stuttgart for large anchor plates under shear loading. Findings for large anchor plates under tension and restraining forces are given in [20], which were mainly investigated at the University of Kaiserslautern.

The shear behaviour and distribution of forces within the anchor plate are crucial issues in the development of a design concept for steel‐to‐concrete joints with large anchor plates. The influence of different parameters, such as the dimensions of the anchor plate, the embedment depth of the headed studs or the eccentricity of the shear force, have been studied in several test series. Supplementary reinforcement was placed close to the headed studs in tension to strengthen the load‐carrying capacity of the joint. The distribution of the shear forces has been assessed by means of numerical investigations together with the influence of further parameters such as concrete strength and reinforcement ratio. With regard to the load distribution within the anchor plate, elastic and plastic design approaches have been taken into account.

Based on these studies, a suitable design model has been developed for steel‐to‐concrete joints with large anchor plates and a higher number of fasteners than originally permitted. Owing to the consideration of supplementary reinforcement, in addition to the plastic design approach, an alternative economical solution is given which links the component method according to EN 1993‐1‐8 to the fastener technique according to EN 1992‐4.
FE validation of push‐out tests
Authors: Pavlović Marko , Veljković Milan
Published: May 2017

The prefabrication of concrete slabs reduces construction time and the total life cycle cost of composite steel‐concrete buildings and bridge decks. Using bolts as shear connectors embedded in prefabricated concrete slabs enables reuse and easy replacement of slabs as structural members suitable for a circular economy construction concept. The results of static push‐out experiments on M16 and M24 bolts, grade 8.8, are shown here. The focus is on the validation of advanced finite element (FE) modelling by experiments. Damage material models for bolt and concrete slab were used and the most realistic preloading of the bolts modelled with threads was achieved by turning the nut in the FE model. An explicit dynamic solver with mass scaling function was used for quasi‐static analysis including fracture. Two failure modes obtained in experiments – bolt shear and concrete crushing – were realistically modelled by the FEA, which shows that the model is suitable for a parametric study leading to theoretical models of failure modes and slip capacity of the shear connection. Results indicate that the bolts with nuts on both sides of the steel flange can be successfully used as demountable shear connectors.
The model for a general composite section resulting from the introduction of composite dowels
Authors: Lorenc Wojciech
Published: May 2017

A new form of shear connection, so‐called composite dowels, first appeared in Europe in last decade. It enabled economic construction of steel‐concrete composite bridges without an upper steel flange, using a direct connection between steel web and concrete slab. It finally resulted in new economic structural forms and composite sections that had not been used in bridge engineering before. In 2010 the European Commission launched an international project to build three different innovative bridges in three different European countries (Germany, Poland, Romania). Each bridge project was supported by a national consortium consisting of design office, general contractor and university. This economic technology has developed fast: by the end of 2016, at least 34 bridges using composite dowels had been constructed in Europe (13 in Germany, 11 in Poland, 4 in Czech Republic, 4 in Austria, 2 in Romania). These structures use different kinds of composite section that in many cases are not covered by standard design procedures for composite structures. The need for a consistent design method was evident. This leads to a clear design concept that covers the contribution of concrete slabs in transmitting part of the vertical force in composite sections and finally breaks with the concept of a ”steel skeleton“ constituting the fundamental part of the composite beam. The approach proposed here needs to be as simple and clear as possible, so it assumes some simplifications at this stage. It is intended to cover many types of composite section, externally reinforced section and conventional composite section.
Large web openings in steel and composite beams
Authors: Lawson R. Mark , Hanus Francois , Sonck Delphine
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the basis for the design of steel and composite beams with large web openings. The main design requirements are the transfer of shear by Vierendeel bending and the control of web buckling next to and between the openings. Cellular beams with regular circular openings are a common example of highly perforated beams and their flange areas are often highly asymmetric. For these beams, web‐post moments may be generated to develop the full shear resistance of the cross‐section.

Tests on beams with circular, elongated circular and rectangular openings are presented which are used to verify the design methodology. In addition, the openings cause local displacements due to shear and bending, which add to the overall deflection of perforated beams. Simplified formulae are presented to determine the additional deflection relative to the equivalent solid‐web beams.
Penetration of rigid projectiles into concrete based on improved cavity expansion model
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Chen Wanxiang , Cheng Songsong , Zou Huihui , Guo Zhikun
Published: May 2017

The main objective of the present work is to develop an approximate approach for nondeformable projectile normal penetration into concrete targets with clear mechanics concepts. The normal/tangential stress acting at the projectile–target interface in the tunnel region is obtained according to the spherical cavity expansion penetration model, where the fractured target medium near the expansion cavity is perfectly described by Tresca's law. Then, the penetration resistances on projectile with spherical nose, ogive nose, and conical nose are further derived by composing stress along the projectile's axis respectively. The prediction formula of penetration depth for nondeformable projectile normal into concrete targets is presented according to Newton's second law. Comparisons between the predicted penetration depth and the experimental data are in reasonable good agreement in a broad range of projectile geometry, impact velocity, and concrete target. Moreover, the results of this prediction model are very close to those of Forrestal et al's analytical model, and the parameters of presented model have important mechanics concepts that are easy to obtain.
Efficient encoding for bounded model checking of timed automata
Authors: Chen Zuxi , Xu Zhongwei , Du Junwei , Mei Meng , Guo Jing
Published: May 2017

Bounded model checking (BMC) of timed automata has been successfully applied to verify concurrent real‐time systems, but its scalability is still limited by the large bound required to find counter‐example, the efficiency of the decision procedure which is employed to solve the BMC formula, as well as the large search space for solving satisfiability of the resulting formula. In this paper, we present a systemic encoding scheme to attack all the above three problems. To attack the first problem, we first encode a discrete action followed by a time delay as a composed transition to cut the BMC steps which are used to characterize the time elapse. Then we take advantage of the local time semantics to allow more independent actions to be executed in parallel, which further reduces the required number of BMC steps and hence also the formula size. To employ a more efficient decision procedure, we also translate the linear arithmetic encoding of timed automata to a difference logic formula which can be solved more efficient by a satisfiability modulo theory solver. To address the last problem, we employ explicit‐state partial order reduction idea of only executing some of the enabled transitions to add additional constrains to eliminate some redundant multi‐step executions, thus restricting the search space. Experimental results show that our encoding performs significantly better than previous encodings. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A critique of the “ultra‐high risk” and “transition” paradigm
Authors: van Os Jim , Guloksuz Sinan
Published: May 2017

The transdiagnostic expression of psychotic experiences in common mental disorder (anxiety/depression/substance use disorder) is associated with a poorer prognosis, and a small minority of people may indeed develop a clinical picture that meets criteria for schizophrenia. However, it appears neither useful nor valid to observe early states of multidimensional psychopathology in young people through the “schizo”‐prism, and apply misleadingly simple, unnecessary and inefficient binary concepts of “risk” and “transition”. A review of the “ultra‐high risk” (UHR) or “clinical high risk” (CHR) literature indicates that UHR/CHR samples are highly heterogeneous and represent individuals diagnosed with common mental disorder (anxiety/depression/substance use disorder) and a degree of psychotic experiences. Epidemiological research has shown that psychotic experiences are a (possibly non‐causal) marker of the severity of multidimensional psychopathology, driving poor outcome, yet notions of “risk” and “transition” in UHR/CHR research are restrictively defined on the basis of positive psychotic phenomena alone, ignoring how baseline differences in multidimensional psychopathology may differentially impact course and outcome. The concepts of “risk” and “transition” in UHR/CHR research are measured on the same dimensional scale, yet are used to produce artificial diagnostic shifts. In fact, “transition” in UHR/CHR research occurs mainly as a function of variable sample enrichment strategies rather than the UHR/CHR “criteria” themselves. Furthermore, transition rates in UHR/CHR research are inflated as they do not exclude false positives associated with the natural fluctuation of dimensional expression of psychosis. Biological associations with “transition” thus likely represent false positive findings, as was the initial claim of strong effects of omega‐3 polyunsatured fatty acids in UHR samples. A large body of UHR/CHR intervention research has focused on the questionable outcome of “transition”, which shows lack of correlation with functional outcome. It may be more productive to consider the full range of person‐specific psychopathology in all young individuals who seek help for mental health problems, instead of “policing” youngsters for the transdiagnostic dimension of psychosis. Instead of the relatively inefficient medical high‐risk approach, a public health perspective, focusing on improved access to a low‐stigma, high‐hope, small scale and youth‐specific environment with acceptable language and interventions may represent a more useful and efficient strategy.
Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness
Authors: Uher Rudolf , Zwicker Alyson
Published: May 2017

Intriguing findings on genetic and environmental causation suggest a need to reframe the etiology of mental disorders. Molecular genetics shows that thousands of common and rare genetic variants contribute to mental illness. Epidemiological studies have identified dozens of environmental exposures that are associated with psychopathology. The effect of environment is likely conditional on genetic factors, resulting in gene‐environment interactions. The impact of environmental factors also depends on previous exposures, resulting in environment‐environment interactions. Most known genetic and environmental factors are shared across multiple mental disorders. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, in particular, are closely causally linked. Synthesis of findings from twin studies, molecular genetics and epidemiological research suggests that joint consideration of multiple genetic and environmental factors has much greater explanatory power than separate studies of genetic or environmental causation. Multi‐factorial gene‐environment interactions are likely to be a generic mechanism involved in the majority of cases of mental illness, which is only partially tapped by existing gene‐environment studies. Future research may cut across psychiatric disorders and address poly‐causation by considering multiple genetic and environmental measures across the life course with a specific focus on the first two decades of life. Integrative analyses of poly‐causation including gene‐environment and environment‐environment interactions can realize the potential for discovering causal types and mechanisms that are likely to generate new preventive and therapeutic tools.
The contemporary refugee crisis: an overview of mental health challenges
Authors: Silove Derrick , Ventevogel Peter , Rees Susan
Published: May 2017

There has been an unprecedented upsurge in the number of refugees worldwide, the majority being located in low‐income countries with limited resources in mental health care. This paper considers contemporary issues in the refugee mental health field, including developments in research, conceptual models, social and psychological interventions, and policy. Prevalence data yielded by cross‐sectional epidemiological studies do not allow a clear distinction to be made between situational forms of distress and frank mental disorder, a shortcoming that may be addressed by longitudinal studies. An evolving ecological model of research focuses on the dynamic inter‐relationship of past traumatic experiences, ongoing daily stressors and the background disruptions of core psychosocial systems, the scope extending beyond the individual to the conjugal couple and the family. Although brief, structured psychotherapies administered by lay counsellors have been shown to be effective in the short term for a range of traumatic stress responses, questions remain whether these interventions can be sustained in low‐resource settings and whether they meet the needs of complex cases. In the ideal circumstance, a comprehensive array of programs should be provided, including social and psychotherapeutic interventions, generic mental health services, rehabilitation, and special programs for vulnerable groups. Sustainability of services, ensuring best practice, evidence‐based approaches, and promoting equity of access must remain the goals of future developments, a daunting challenge given that most refugees reside in settings where skills and resources in mental health care are in shortest supply.
Phenolic Profile of Peanut By‐products: Antioxidant Potential and Inhibition of Alpha‐Glucosidase and Lipase Activities
Authors: de Camargo Adriano Costa , Regitano‐d’Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: May 2017

Free, esterified, etherified and insoluble‐bound phenolics from three samples, namely meal from whole peanuts (MWP), meal from dry‐blanched peanuts (MDBP) and peanut skin (PS) were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), and phenolic profile using HPLC–DAD–ESI–MSn. The TPC was in the order of PS > MWP > MDBP. Among 37 compounds identified 10 were reported for peanuts for the first time. Proanthocyanidins were detected in peanut skin and MWP, but not in MDBP. The presence of peanut skin in MWP rendered up to 9.8‐fold higher scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical as compared with MDBP. Phenolics from all samples and fractions showed inhibition of alpha‐glucosidase and lipase activities, which are key enzymes involved in the absorption of glucose and triacylglycerols, respectively. Therefore, their antioxidant properties as well as their potential role in the management of diabetes and obesity makes them worthy of further consideration as functional food ingredients.
Consumption Coping and Life Transitions: An Integrative Review
Authors: Yap Sheau-Fen , Kapitan Sommer
Published: May 2017

Marketing scholars have devoted considerable effort to researching the impact of life transitions on consumption behaviour. However, prior literature on life events is broad and fragmented. This paper provides an up-to-date synthesis of past findings using an integrative review covering 116 articles on life events and consumption over the last 35 years. This critical review reveals important gaps in current knowledge, and puts forward avenues for future research that flow logically from the theoretical gaps identified, thereby contributing to extant literature on life events and consumption. The resulting framework of consumption coping provides an understanding of how consumer motivations build, grow, and alter as life events occur. The goal of the review is to stimulate the field to consider deeper contextual examination of the role of life events in acquisition, consumption, and disposal of material and experiential consumption opportunities.
Sustainable Disposal and Evolving Consumer–Product Relationships
Authors: Demsar Vlad , Brace-Govan Jan
Published: May 2017

Increasingly technological waste is linked to environmental degradation. However, sustainable consumerism is made possible by changing not only acquisition and consumption patterns but also the way consumers dispose of technological products. The value of disposal as mechanism to improve environmental sustainability and sustainable consumerism has led to calls for a better understanding of its relation to consumer identity projects. To understand how consumer–product relationships evolve to influence decisions and methods of disposal, a three stage narrative inquiry was employed. Using the high turnover video gaming market, consumer experiences with trade-in through secondary retail outlets is examined. From the analysis, a theoretical model is developed, portraying three distinct consumer–product relationships and their influence on the disposal decision and disposal method: self-extension, self-transition and frequent disposal. The paper discusses contributions to disposal literature, nostalgia and identifies practical implications for retailer strategy.
Concealed conduction of premature ventricular complexes resulting in AV nodal block
Authors: Oh Ying Zi , Tan Vern Hsen , Wong Kelvin CK
Published: May 2017

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