bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The m6A reader IGF2BP2 regulates glycolytic metabolism and mediates histone lactylation to enhance hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis
Authors: Li Xun , Zhou Yongqiang , Yan Jiexi , Huang He , Liu Lu , Ren Longfei , Hu Jinjing , Jiang Xiaoxu , Zheng Yan , Xu Lingcong , Zhong Fupeng
Published: November 2023

Evidence for the involvement of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the etiology and progression of liver fibrosis has emerged and holds promise as a therapeutic target. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is a newly identified m6A-binding protein that functions to enhance mRNA stability and translation. However, its role as an m6A-binding protein in liver fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we observed that IGF2BP2 is highly expressed in liver fibrosis and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and inhibition of IGF2BP2 protects against HSCs activation and liver fibrogenesis. Mechanistically, as an m6A-binding protein, IGF2BP2 regulates the expression of Aldolase A (ALDOA), a key target in the glycolytic metabolic pathway, which in turn regulates HSCs activation. Furthermore, we observed that active glycolytic metabolism in activated HSCs generates large amounts of lactate as a substrate for histone lactylation. Importantly, histone lactylation transforms the activation phenotype of HSCs. In conclusion, our findings reveal the essential role of IGF2BP2 in liver fibrosis by regulating glycolytic metabolism and highlight the potential of targeting IGF2BP2 as a therapeutic for liver fibrosis.
Emotion perception in Behavior frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: the parahippocampal conundrum
Authors: Morais Ricardo Félix , Duro Diana , Pires Ricardo , Lemos Raquel , Lima Marisa , Oliveira Tiago Gil , Santana Isabel
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Emotional perception has been described as the capacity which enables humans to correctly identify cues that guide interpersonal interaction, forming the basis for social behavior. The parahippocampal cortex seems to be a key player in mediating the association between context and emotion, thus helping perceiving emotions in others. Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients appear to exhibit deficits in this process. Studying how emotion perception is impaired in these patients may provide insights into social cognition mechanisms, emphasizing the parahippocampal role in social behavior.
Methods
We have included convenience samples of 29 bvFTD, 25 AD and 15 controls. Extensive[IS1] [RM2] neuropsychological assessment was performed, complemented with the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS) thus enabling a nuanced evaluation of emotion perception process. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relation between CATS main quotients scores and parahippocampal thickness (p £ 0,001).
Results
BvFTD patients obtained higher scores in cognitive tests than AD but had a more severe deficit in social behavior. Interestingly, the bvFTD group revealed a significant deficit in all three emotional quotients (face, prosody and global) evaluated by the CATS battery, with a statistically significant relation with parahippocampal thickness.
AD group displayed milder deficits in all three emotion quotients, although facial emotion recognition deficits were close to reaching statistical significance.
Conclusion
Our data suggest a profound emotion perception deficit in bvFTD, supporting the pivotal role of the parahippocampal gyrus in context associations. Targeted rehabilitation with the objective of reducing these emotion deficits might be valuable.
Effect of organic carbon sources on the growth of Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Li Keyi , Xia Yutong , Wang Zhen , Chen Yanzhen , Feng Yong , Gao Ebin , Huo Shuhao , Chen Huayou
Published: November 2023

Bait microalgae are essential for the successful cultivation of shellfish on a large scale. However, during periods of low light such as winter or rainy days, the production of microalgae is often limited due to the unavailability of affordable, reliable, and efficient carbon sources. Therefore, in this study, Chaetoceros muelleri, a favorite of shellfish, was chosen as the experimental algal strain for this investigation, and different concentrations of organic carbon sources were added to the F/2 medium for pure cultivation experiments of Chaetoceros muelleri. When 0.5 g L− 1 acetic acid, 0.5 g L− 1 citric acid, and 0.3 g L− 1 succinic acid were added, the algal cell density of Chaetoceros muelleri was 2.10, 2.07, and 1.67 times greater than that of the control group, according to the single-factor experiment's findings. The response surface optimization study showed that when acetic acid 0.599 g L− 1, citric acid 0.492 g L− 1, and succinic acid 0.208 g/L, the algal cell density was 1.41×107 CFU mL− 1, which was 1.15 times that of single acetic acid culture (1.23×107 CFU mL− 1) and 3.28 times that of single glucose culture (0.43×107 CFU mL− 1). Thus, acetic acid is more effective in promoting the growth of Chaetoceros muelleri compared to glucose or other organic acids. Furthermore, a combination of acetic acid and other organic acids proves to be even more advantageous. This finding is significant in the quest for suitable organic carbon sources to increase Chaetoceros muelleri production.
A novel homozygous germline mutation in transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) leads to combined immunodeficiency and provides new insights into iron-immunity axis
Authors: Aba Ümran , Maslak Ibrahim Cemal , Ipşir Canberk , Pehlivan Damla , Warnock Nicholas , Tunes Damon , Cildir Gökhan , Erman Baran
Published: November 2023

A homozygous missense mutation in the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), also known as CD71, leads to a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by the impaired lymphocyte activation and proliferation due to defective iron uptake of cells. However, only one causative mutation (c.58T>C, p.Y20H) in the TFRC gene coding for TfR1 has been reported so far. We herein identified a new disease-causing homozygous germline mutation in the TFRC gene (c.64C>T, p.R22W) (referred to as TfR1R22W from now on) in a Turkish patient with combined immunodeficiency (CID). TfR1R22W results in impaired TfR1 internalization similar to previously defined TfR1Y20H mutation. We found that TfR1R22W is associated with severely restricted B and T lymphocyte clonal diversity, impaired T cell activation and cytokine production as well as defective mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in helper T cells. In addition, circulating NK, Treg and MAIT cell populations were significantly decreased in the patient. Using whole transcriptome analysis, we found dysregulated immune homeostasis and novel biological processes associated with TfR1R22W. We also identified a considerable expansion of circulating low-density neutrophils (LDNs) in patient’s PBMCs. Overall, TfR1R22W mutation expands the current understanding of the IEI associated with TfR1 dysfunction and provides new insights underlying impaired immune function, lymphocyte diversity and granulocyte homeostasis.
Traditional Chinese medicine Shi-Bi-Man ameliorates psoriasis via inhibiting IL-23/Th17 axis and CXCL16-mediated endothelial activation
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhang Chenyang , Cao Xinran , Zhao Lixin , Du Haojie , Qu Jiao , Zhu Jianxia , Sun Haiyan , Ouyang Zijun
Published: November 2023

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory genetic disease, mainly manifesting in the skin. Conventional therapies, such as glucocorticosteroids and corticosteroids, have adverse effects that limit drug use. Hence, it is imperative to identify a new therapeutic strategy that exhibits a favorable safety profile. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a safe herbal supplement sourced from various natural plants, including ginseng, angelica sinensis, polygonum multiflorum, and aloe vera.
Purpose We aimed to find a potential treatment for psoriasis and investigate the underlying mechanism through which SBM alleviates psoriatic-like skin inflammation in mice.
Methods We investigated the effects of supplementing with SBM through intragastric administration or smear administration in a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. The changes in body weight and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score were recorded throughout the entire process. Additionally, we utilized hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the skin structure and performed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the underlying mechanism of SBM in influencing the psoriasislike phenotype. Immunofluorescence was conducted to verify our findings. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to investigate the impact of TSG on the expression levels of IL23 in HaCaT cells.
Results SBM remarkably alleviated the psoriasis-like phenotype by inhibiting IL-23/Th17 cell axis. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of Il17 and Il23 in keratinocytes and T cells, concomitant with a reduction in the proportion of Th17 cells. Meanwhile, the activation of endothelial cells was inhibited, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Cxcl16. In vitro, the addition of TSG to HaCaT cells resulted in significant suppression of IL23 expression stimulated by TNF-α.
Acidification induce chemcial and microbial variation in tea plantation soils and bacterial degradion of the key acidifying phenolic acids
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Wang Binjie , Wang Guiwei , Zheng Zhisheng , Chen Ying , Li Ou , Peng Yulong , Hu Xiufang
Published: November 2023

Camellia sinensis is an important economic plant grown in southern subtropical hilly areas, especially in China, mainly for the production of tea. Soil acidification is a significant cause of the reduction of yield and quality and continuous cropping obstacles in tea plants. Therefore, chemical and microbial properties of tea growing soils were investigated and phenolic acid-degrading bacteria were isolated from a tea plantation. Chemical and ICP-AES investigations showed that the soils tested were acidic, with pH values of 4.05–5.08, and the pH negatively correlated with K (p < 0.01), Al (p < 0.05), Fe and P. Aluminum was the highest (47–584 mg/kg) nonessential element. Based on high-throughput sequencing, a total of 34 phyla and 583 genera were identified in tea plantation soils. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the main dominant phyla and the highest abundance of Acidobacteria was found in three soils, with nearly 22% for the genus Gp2. Based on the functional abundance values, general function predicts the highest abundance, while the abundance of amino acids and carbon transport and metabolism were higher in soils with pH less than 5. According to Biolog Eco Plate™ assay, the soil microorganisms utilized amino acids well, followed by polymers and phenolic acids. Three strains with good phenolic acid degradation rates were obtained, and they were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis B1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2 and Bacillus subtilis B3, respectively. The three strains significantly relieved the inhibition of peanut germination and growth by ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid and mixed acids. Combination of the three isolates showed reduced relief of the four phenolic acids due to the antagonist of B2 against B1 and B3. The three phenolic acid degradation strains isolated from acidic soils display potential in improving the acidification and imbalance in soils of C. sinensis.
Investigation of laser doping on the formation of selective emitter solar cells
Authors: Meziani Samir , Moussi Abderrahmane , Chaouchi Sofiane , Guendouzi Awatif
Published: November 2023

We investigated laser parameters for a laser doping (LD) process that enables to improve cell characteristics through the formation of a selective emitter (SE) multicrystalline silicon solar cell. In this work, the aim is the formation of SE with an investigation of the effect of critical LD parameters, such as laser power and laser speed. The LD 532 nm is used to obtain highly doped regions and deep doping depth that will receive the screen printed silver grid contact. The optimized laser power and speed of 80%, 500 mm/s, induced the activation of the phosphorus dopant and its diffusion in the silicon then leads to a local decrease of the emitter sheet resistance from 60 Ω/sqr to 30 Ω/sqr. Moreover, it was determined by SIMS and ECV measurements that the dopant concentration increased and the doping depth became deeper in the selective emitter formed by increasing laser power and/or laser speed. Fortunately, the surface cracks damage were not observed. The only damage caused by laser irradiation evidenced by debris and a melted surface. We have successfully developed SE p-type mc-Si 4 inch wafer produced by CRTSE solar cell with FF significantly improved of 1.01%. The conversion efficiency of solar cells with selective emitter formed by LD was increased. This gain is due to improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage.
Exploration of quality variation and stability of hybrid rice under multi-environments
Authors: Chen Rirong , Li Dongxu , Fu Jun , Fu Chenjian , Qin Peng , Zhang Xuanwen , Sun Zhenbiao , He Kui , Li Liang , Zhou Wei , Wang Yingjie , Wang Kai , Liu Xuanming , Yang Yuanzhu
Published: November 2023

Improving quality is an essential goal of rice breeding and production. However, rice quality is not solely determined by genotype, but is also influenced by the environment. Phenotype plasticity refers to the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, which can be a representation of the stability of traits. Seven quality traits of 141 hybrid combinations, deriving from the test-crossing of 7 thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) and 25 restorer lines, were evaluated at 5 trial sites with an intermittent sowing of three to five in the Southern China. In the Yangtze River Basin, it was observed that delaying the sowing time of hybrid rice combinations leads to an improvement in their overall quality. Twelve parents were identified to have lower plasticity general combing ability (GCA) values with increased ability to produce hybrids with a more stable quality. The parents with superior quality tend to exhibit lower GCA values for plasticity. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 13 and 15 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with phenotype plasticity and BLUP measurement, respectively. Additionally, there was an overlap of 7 QTLs that simultaneously affecting both terms. Two cloned rice quality genes, ALK and GL7, may be involved in controlling the plasticity of quality traits in hybrid rice. The direction of the genetic effect of the QTL6 (ALK) allele on alkali spreading value (ASV) plasticity varies in different cropping environments. This study provides novel insights into the dynamic genetic basis of quality traits in response to different cropping regions, cultivation practices and changing climate. These finding establish a foundation for precise breeding and production of stable and high-quality rice.
Power Regulation of V2G System for Grid Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Qu Yanqing , Zhao Shuang
Published: November 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are likely to have a continuing presence in the vehicle market all over the world for the next few decades. When a large number of EVs are charged simultaneously, they could make an extra burden on the distribution grid, whereas their energy storage units possess a great potential to support the grid through the regulation of both active and reactive power. Vehicle to grid (V2G) is being introduced recently as one of the new technologies for such a purpose. This paper presents the grid support from the vehicles for power quality improvement based on V2G systems, in particular the possibility to regulate the active and reactive power to the power grid when there is voltage and frequency fluctuation caused by load variation. A four quadrant operation for converter power flow control strategy based on the grid and EV owners’ requirements is developed. The new control scheme is studied through numerical simulation using Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC. The results have demonstrated that the proposed V2G technique can be effective for grid power quality improvement.
Risks associated with antidepressants in patients with hypertension during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Weernink Marlieke Oude , Damer Elvera , Edens Mireillie , Bijvank Bas Nij , Hemels Marieke , Horst Peter Ter
Published: November 2023

Objective
In a cohort of pregnant women using antihypertensive drugs, we compared exposure to antidepressants versus no exposure and the possible association with birth weight, APGAR scores, NICU admission, and maternal admission to an obstetrical intensive care unit (OHC). It was hypothesized that pregnant women with hypertensive disorders using antidepressants are at greater risk of complications.
Setting
A retrospective cohort study in a general teaching hospital in Zwolle, in the Middle-Northern part of The Netherlands.
Participants
We selected 77 pregnancies eligible for the exposed group and 293 eligible for the reference group. Of those, we excluded patients because of twin pregnancy, stillbirth, patients who discontinued antidepressants during pregnancy, and termination of the pregnancy not related to hypertension or mental health problems during pregnancy.
Finally, 58 pregnancies in the exposed group and 273 pregnancies in the reference group met all inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Outcome
We compared the neonate’s birthweight between the exposed to antidepressants group and the reference group as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes and obstetric high care (OHC) admission of the mother and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission of the child.
Results
We found no differences in birth weight in neonates of mothers with hypertensive disorders and whether or not to use antidepressants. Besides a possible higher risk of admission to an OHC in women with hypertension-complicated pregnancies using antidepressants, we found no other maternal or neonatal risks in this population.
Conclusions
We found no additional maternal or neonatal risks of using antidepressants prescribed to women with hypertension disorders during pregnancy.
Unmet need for contraception among married women in the Kyrgyz Republic from the 2006, 2014 and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Dolonbaeva Zuura , Inthaphatha Souphalak , Dzhangaziev Bakyt , Ismailov Mederbek , Nishino Kimihiro , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Eiko
Published: November 2023

Background
This study aims to investigate the prevalence of an unmet need for contraception from 2006 to 2018, and examine the factors associated with an unmet need for contraception among married women over the course of 12 years in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Methods
This study employed three datasets from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2014, and 2018. There were 9,229 women aged 15–49 who were married and fecund included in this study. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the relationship of an unmet need for contraception with other factors. A P value < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results
The prevalence of an unmet need for contraception was 19.9% in 2006, 20.4% in 2014, and 22.5% in 2018. Intrauterine devices were the prominent contraceptive method of usage among Kyrgyz women, but the trend of usage drastically declined over time. From 2006 to 2018, factors associated with unmet need for contraception included women’s age, area of residence, mother tongue of household head, age of husband, and number of children ever born.
Conclusion
The unmet need for contraception among married Kyrgyz women slightly increased, and the trend of contraception usage declined from 2006 to 2018. Sexual health education for young people and youth-friendly services should be promoted. An effective and reliable supply chain, including financing, forecasting, and procurement for contraception commodities, should be prioritized and strengthened. Regular supportive supervision visits are essential to improve the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers, and to sustain intrauterine device service as a contraceptive choice for Kyrgyz women.
Microsurgical Thrombectomy: where the ancient art meets the new era
Authors: Ota Nakao , Benet Arnau , Kusdiansah Muhammad , Miyoshi Norio , Haraguchi Kenichi , Noda Kosumo , Lawton Michael T , Tanikawa Rokuya
Published: November 2023

Background
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the leading treatment for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, surgical thrombectomy (ST) may have a role in well selected LVO patients where MT failed to re-establish flow, the endovascular route is inaccessible, or where MT is a financially prohibitive or absent option(developing and poor countries). We compared the efficacy and efficiency between ST and MT, and described our operative experience and its potential application in the developing world.
Methods
Clinical outcomes, procedural times and efficacy of treatment were compared between the MT and ST of acute LVO between 2012 and 2022. Propensity score-matched analysis was also conducted to compare MT and ST.
Results
One-hundred nine patients fulfilled the study criteria (77MTs vs 32STs). Factors driving outcome were age (aOR:0.95, 95%CI, 0.91-0.98), hemisphere side (aOR:0.38, 95%CI, 0.15-0.96), DWI-ASPECT (aOR:1.39, 95%CI, 1.09-1.77) at presentation by the multivariate analysis. Times from door-start of procedure(P=0.45), and start of procedure-recanalization(P=0.13) were similar between treatment options. Propensity score-matched analysis found no significant difference for 2 treatment methods about time of door to recanalization(P=0.155) and outcome(P=0.221).
Conclusions
The prognosticator of thrombectomy for acute LVO in patients with successful recanalization were age, affected hemisphere side and DWI-ASPECT score. Our evidence shows that the efficacy of ST is similar to that of MT. There should be a place of ST for cases of mechanical failure or tandem cervical ICA and MCA occlusion. ST may be a temporizing LVO treatment option in healthcare systems where MT is inexistent or financially prohibitive to patients.
Light-triggered conformational changes of an animal-like cryptochrome tracked by native time-resolved IMS-MS
Authors: Morgner Nina , Zangl René , Soravia Sejla , Saft Martin , Löffler Jan Gerrit , Schulte Jonathan , Rosner Christian , Bredenbeck Jens , Essen Lars
Published: November 2023

Cryptochromes (CRYs) belong to the class of blue light photoreceptors and are responsible for various light-triggered functions in the circadian rhythm upon excitation of their inbuilt flavin cofactor. They are functionally distinct to the evolutionarily related photolyases, which mediate light-driven repair of UV induced DNA damages. Despite these functional differences they share a high degree of structural and sequence homology. A hallmark of cryptochromes is their flexible carboxyl-terminal extension (CTE), whose structure and function as well as the details of its interaction with the photolyase homology region (PHR) are not yet fully understood and differs among different cryptochromes types. In this study we investigate the animal-like cryptochrome from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CraCRY). Here, we focus on the highly conserved C-terminal domain harboring the FAD chromophore, to study the effect of single mutations on the structural transition of the C-terminal helix α22 and the attached CTE upon lit-state formation. By coupling a high-power LED, mounted in the source region to an ion mobility mass spectrometer, we show that D321, the putative proton acceptor of the terminal proton-coupled electron transfer event from Y373, is essential for triggering the large-scale conformational changes of helix α22 and the CTE in the lit state.
Solar Wind Speed Estimate with Machine Learning Ensemble Models for LISA
Authors: Sabbatini Federico , Grimani Catia
Published: November 2023

In this work we study the potentialities of machine learning models in reconstructing the solar wind speed observations gathered in the first Lagrangian point by the ACE satellite in 2016--2017 using as input data galactic cosmic-ray flux variations measured with particle detectors hosted on board the LISA Pathfinder mission also orbiting around L1 during the same years. We show that ensemble models composed of heterogeneous weak regressors are able to outperform weak regressors in terms of predictive accuracy. Machine learning and other powerful predictive algorithms open a window on the possibility of substituting dedicated instrumentation with software models acting as surrogates for diagnostics of space missions such as the European Space Agency LISA mission and space weather science.
Crop Production in Semi-arid Tropics With Help of Only Tree Leaves and Its Components - a New Focus in Agroforestry Research
Authors: Chitraputhirapillai Swaminathan , Kaliyanna Sangeetha , Palani Nivethadevi , Pandian Kannan , Ramamurthy Surya
Published: November 2023

Consumers are increasingly asking for "organic" labels on food due to negative consequences of indiscriminate pesticide use, and hence, we are pushed to produce environmentally friendly food, using organic, natural farming and agroforestry methods. This article discusses an innovative yet traditional method of growing food crops using solely trees, their by products, and parts to nurture and protect crops, and preserve soil fertility. Both native and introduced leguminous tree leaves work to improve soil fertility while tree leaf extracts give crops foliar nutrition and disease, pest protection. The performance of tree based farming practices with conventional practice of crop cultivation was compared by adopting standard crop production guide (CPG) practices and zero input (do-nothing) practice in kodomillet during Rabi seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 (November–February) at experimental farm. Soil enrichment with Gliricidia sepium (jacq.) Steud tree leaf biomass incorporation and four-time foliar application of tree leaf extracts with Annona squamosa (L.) registered highest pooled (mean of two years) grain yield (974 kg− 1) and straw yield (2887 kg− 1), with a meagre yield penalty of less than 10% in comparison to the CPG practice.
Impact of Prolonged Antibiotic Treatment on Gut and Kidney Microbiota: Insights from a Rat Model
Authors: Liu Fengping , Xu Zhengyi , Lin Hao , Tang Yifang , Hu Lei , Sheng Jiayi , Jiang Peng , Wei Shichao , Gu Chaoqun , Gu Yifeng , Wei Qun , Guo Hao , Zhou Xiang , Li Zhou , Wang Shiyu , Zhao Yu , Li Zhi , Wu Yufan , Feng Ninghan
Published: November 2023

Background
Maintaining a harmonious microbiota is fundamental for overall well-being. This study aims to investigate the consequences of one- and two-week antibiotic treatments on gut and kidney microbiota using a rat model and assess structural and physiological changes.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with an antibiotic cocktail for UTIs. Samples of jejunum and kidney tissues were collected for analysis. Bacterial DNA was isolated and sequenced. Histomorphological analysis of the jejunum and kidney tissues was performed. Data on growth and development parameters and kidney function were recorded.
Results
Differential changes in gut microbiota composition were observed between one-week and two-week antibiotic treatments. Two-week treatment led to reduced bacterial richness and diversity, with a shift from Firmicutes and Bacteroidota to Proteobacteria. Beneficial genera like Akkermansia and Lactobacillus decreased, while potentially harmful genera like Escherichia-Shigella and Corynebacterium increased. Intestinal mucosal damage was evident in both treatment groups. Prolonged antibiotic treatment resulted in reduced body weight, food intake, feces output, and urine output. Kidney function was affected in the two-week treatment group.
Conclusions
Prolonged antibiotic treatment for UTIs has significant effects on gut microbiota, mucosal integrity, and rat physiology, with potential implications for overall health. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the duration of antibiotic therapy and the need for tailored treatment regimens that minimize gut microbiota disruption.
Genomic re-annotation and expression analyses of B3 genes reveal lineage-specific evolution and potential roles of REM genes in pepper
Authors: Park Young-Soo , Cho Hye Jeong , Kim Seungill
Published: November 2023

Background
The B3 gene family, one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors, plays important roles in plant growth, seed development, and hormones. However, the B3 gene family, especially the REM subfamily, has not been systematically and functionally studied.
Results
In this study, we performed genome-wide re-annotation of B3 genes in five Solanaceae plants, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa, and finally predicted 1,039 B3 genes, including 231 (22.2%) newly annotated genes. We found a striking abundance of REM genes in pepper species (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, and Capsicum chinense). Comparative motif analysis revealed that REM and other subfamilies (ABI3/VP1, ARF, RAV, and HSI) consist of different amino acids. We verified that the large number of REM genes in pepper were included in the specific subgroup (G8) through the phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome location and evolutionary analyses suggested that the G8 subgroup genes evolved mainly via a pepper-specific recent tandem duplication on chromosomes 1 and 3 after speciation between pepper and other Solanaceae. RNA-seq analyses suggested the potential functions of REM genes under salt, heat, cold, and mannitol stress conditions in pepper (C. annuum).
Conclusions
Our study provides evolutionary and functional insights into the REM gene family in pepper.
Task-oriented and change preserving data classification for multi-temporal choropleth maps
Authors: Schiewe Jochen
Published: November 2023

Series or animations of classified choropleth maps are an important form of reproducing multi-temporal, cardinally scaled data sets, especially in media. However, there are problems with such representations that are not taken into account by the known methods of data classification (such as equidistant grouping or quantiles), and therefore lead to visualisations that are not sufficiently suitable for use.
On the one hand, different questions and change analyses tasks are not explicitly considered in the process of making these maps. In the following, typical change tasks are singled out (i.e. show absolute differences, absolute percentage changes, positive changes, deviations from the trend) and corresponding metrics for quantitative description are proposed. On the other hand, there are no measures in the usual procedures to avoid the loss of significant changes after classification (i.e. the regions belong to the same class). In the following, a procedure is therefore proposed that begins with rules for assigning value differences to class differences (e.g. based on statistical significance). Based on this, a preservation measure is defined that describes the success of obtaining the desired class differences after applying the classification. This measure can also be used to guide a new classification procedure. Using two multi-temporal data sets, the effects of the developed measures and methods are demonstrated both numerically and visually in corresponding choropleth maps.
Is it possible to predict severe postpartum hemorrhage and need for massive transfusion in placenta previa cases?
Authors: Köle Emre , Akar Bertan , Doğer Emek , Köle Merve Çakır , Anık Yonca , Çalışkan Eray
Published: November 2023

Purpose
We aimed to construct a trustable working model for the placenta previa (PP) patients that helps to predict the postpartum bleeding potential with the input gained from the antenatal imaging studies, namely ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods
Forty-three PP patients were evaluated first by US and then 3 Tesla MRI. Placenta Accreata Index (PAI) was utilized during US evaluation in order to define the risks. Uterine bulging, heterogeneous signal, dark placental bands, focal interruption of myometrium and, tenting of bladder wall were regarded as predictive criterions in MRI evaluations. The correlation between the findings gained from US and MRI studies and haemorrhage (> 1000 ml), severe haemorrhage (> 2000 ml) and, massive transfusion (> 5 units of RBC) need was investigated to build this predictive model. The findings from the imaging studies were also confirmed histopathologically
Results
In the multivariate analysis of data from patients in either group of classification according to set point of 1000 ml., none of MRI and ultrasound findings were found to be predictive. The multivariate analysis done in second classification group (bleeding > 2000ml or more) PAI values (OR:2.3(1.4–3.8)) and overall MRI reported PAS (OR:4.9 (1.8–12.9)) were detected as predictive findings. While MRI findings were not discriminative between transfusion groups, grade 3 loculation in ultrasound examination was found to be predictive for need of transfusion more than 5 units (OR: 67,5 (8,2-549,4)). We had no cases of hysterectomy.
Conclusions
The ultrasound and MRI findings of PP cases can be useful to predict postpartum bleeding.
Nomogram Using Intratumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics For the Preoperative Prediction of Visceral Pleural Invasion in Clinical Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yun , Lyu Deng , Hu Su , Ma Yanqing , Duan Shaofeng , Geng Yayuan , Zhou Taohu , Tu Wenting , Xiao Yi , Fan Li , Liu Shiyuan
Published: November 2023

Purpose
To investigate the value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics nomograms for preoperatively predicting the presence of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in patients diagnosed with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) .
Methods
A total of 404 patients from our hospital were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 283) and an internal validation set (n = 121) using a 7:3 ratio, while 81 patients from two other hospitals constituted the external validation set. We extracted 1218 CT-based radiomics features from the gross tumor volume (GTV) as well as the gross peritumoral tumor volume (GPTV), which included peritumoral regions at 5mm, 10mm, and 15 mm to construct a radiomics model. Additionally, we developed a nomogram based on relevant CT features and the radscore derived from the optimal radiomics model.
Results
The GPTV10 radiomics model exhibited superior predictive performance compared to GTV, GPTV5, and GPTV15, with AUC values of 0.855, 0.842, and 0.842 in the three respective sets. In the clinical model, the solid component size, pleural indentation sign, solid attachment sign, and vascular convergence sign were identified as independent risk factors among the CT features. The predictive performance of the nomogram, which incorporated relevant CT features and the GPTV10-Radscore, outperformed both the radiomics model and clinical model alone, with AUC values of 0.894, 0.828, and 0.876 in the three respective sets.
Conclusions
Our nomogram, integrating radiomics features and CT morphological features, exhibits good performance in predicting VPI status in LUAD.
Clinical utility of voiding cystourethrogramfollowing kidney abscess in children.
Authors: Miller Nicholas , Preka Evgenia , Avramescu Marina , Berteloot Laureline , Vinit Nicolas , Botto Nathalie , Grapin Mathilde , Prévot Maud , Boistault Margaux , Garcelon Nicolas , Taghavi Kiarash , Schrimpf Cecile , Cohen Jérémie F , Blanc Thomas , Boyer Olivia
Published: November 2023

Background: Limited research on paediatric kidney abscesses exists, and international guidelines on whether this should be an indication for systematic voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) are lacking. This study evaluates VCUG’s clinical utility after initial kidney abscess presentation in otherwise healthy children.
Methods: This retrospective study included all children presenting to a tertiary paediatric reference centre with a first kidney abscess over one decade (2011-2022).
Results: Among the 17 patients (median age 9 months, IQR; 6 months-6 years), VCUG identified vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in five (29%; 95%CI: 13-53%), including two with grade IV-V. Treatment consisted of 10-21 days of intravenous antibiotics (5 days of bitherapy) followed by oral treatment for 2-6 weeks.
Median abscess size was 19mm (IQR; 14-27). 8/17 (47%) children presented focal areas of hypoperfusion on ultrasound, including one case of renal atrophy. Three of six children with DMSA scan showed hypofunctioning (33-44%), and one had a non-functioning kidney. The proportion of children with scars on the DMSA scan was similar, regardless of identified VUR.
Seven children had subsequent pyelonephritis; three with uropathy underwent surgery (one circumcision, one ureteric reimplantation, and one nephrectomy). 10/17 had no subsequent pyelonephritis, including three with VUR grade I-III.
Conclusions: Among initial kidney abscess cases, 29% had VUR, similar to children experiencing their first uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Surgery was mainly indicated for recurrent pyelonephritis with kidney scarring, regardless of VCUG results. Conversely, VCUG guided prophylactic antibiotherapy. We recommend employing similar VCUG indications for pyelonephritis or abscess after a second febrile UTI or if imaging suggests high-grade VUR or kidney scaring.
Modeling the social internet of things network using random graphs
Authors: Bagheri Asma , Romoozi Morteza , Babaei Hamideh , karimi Soraya
Published: November 2023

Social Internet of Things (SIOT) is a paradigm in which thing communicate with one another based on social relation. The goals is for the things to search for services, retrieve and provide users with them independent from their owners. The existing approaches lack models for analyzing the efficiency of SIOT. The objective of the current research is to model SIOT with regard to various relationships and their different topological properties. In this approach, the graphs related to SIOT are modeled based on similarity of their topological properties and random graphs in such a way that these properties are preserved by increasing the size of the network, the intended topological properties are preserved. For this purpose, first, topological properties of real SIOT graphs have been extracted. Then, using numerical and intuitive comparisons, the degree of resemblance between SIOT topological properties and random graphs has been examined. In order to prove this resemblance and network scalability, the connection between average route length and descending gradient algorithm has been implemented. The obtained results have shown the resemblance of ownership object relationship (OOR) real graph to Erdos Renyi (ER) random graph per p = 0.9, parental object relationship (POR) graph to ER random graph per p = 0.009, co-location object relationship (CLOR) graph to ER random graph per p = 0.00009 and social object relationship (SOR) graph to Barbasi Albert (BA) random graph per m = 50. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, the real SIOT dataset has been used and the scalability and maintaining the topological properties have been proven.
Costs and cost drivers of comprehensive sexual reproductive health services to female sex workers in Kenya
Authors: Manguro Griffins O. , Kioko Urbanus Mutuku , Githinji Gerald , Owira Patricia , Langat Lillian , Okoro Dan , Temmerman Marleen , Luchters Stanley
Published: November 2023

Background:
Comprehensive sexual reproductive health (SRH) programs for female sex workers (FSW) offering clinical, behavioural, and structural interventions have contributed to declining rates of HIV in this population. However, data on costs and cost drivers is needed to support programs and their donors to better allocate resources, make an investment case for continued funding, and to identify areas of improvement in program design and implementation. We aimed to estimate the annual per-FSW costs of comprehensive services for a standalone FSW program in Kenya.
Methods:
We implemented a top-bottom and step-down costing study of comprehensive FSW services at two drop-in centres (DICs), Mtwapa and Kilifi town, in Kilifi County, Kenya. Service costs were obtained from routinely collected patient data during FSW scheduled and unscheduled visits using Kenyan Ministry of Health records. Costing data were from the program and organization’s expenditure reports, cross checked against bank documents and supported by information from in-depth interviews. Data were collected retrospectively for the fiscal year 2019. We obtained approval from the AMREF Research Ethics Committee (AMREF-ESRC P862/2020).
Results:
In 2019, the unit cost of comprehensive services was 105.93 USD per FSW per year, roughly equivalent to 10,593 Kenya shillings, in 2019. Costs were higher at Mtwapa DICs compared to Kilifi town DIC; 121.90 USD and 89.90 USD respectively. HIV counselling and testing cost 63.90 USD per person, PrEP was 34.20 USD and family planning was 9.93 USD. Of the total costs, staff salaries accounted for about 60%.
Conclusion:
Programs should strive to maximize the number of FSW served to benefit from economies of scale. Given that personnel costs contribute most to the unit costs, programs should consider alternative designs which reduce personnel and other costs such as by integrating FSW services to public and private facilities, though this may adversely impact service uptake.
How does digitalization improve non-resource tax revenue mobilization? Evidence from developing countries
Authors: TINTA Jule Kaïni
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the effect of digitalization on non-resource tax revenue mobilization in developing countries. Panel data from 111 countries selected between 2005 to 2019 have enabled us to carry out econometric estimates based on fixed effects. Our empirical analysis uses the digitalization index composed of the ICT access and use index. The results suggest that digitalization positively influences non-resource tax revenue mobilization in developing countries. The results also support the view that access to ICT is a readiness phase for its usage. More interestingly, the favorable effect of digitalization is sensitive to the characteristics of developing countries, namely the level of economic development , the level of digitalization, and the quality of institutions. Furthermore, we use an instrumentalization strategy to correct the endogeneity bias that might result from our model. We use connectivity shocks linked to the telecoms infrastructure, i.e., technical failures of submarine cables. This connectivity shock minimizes the under-identification problem and clarifies the channels linking Internet diffusion and submarine cable connec-tivity. The results argue that countries with experience repairing these failures have a higher level of digitalization conducive to tax revenue mobilization. Furthermore, the results remain robust after further robustness tests (reverse causality and dynamic effect). These results support our argument that developing countries could benefit significantly from digitalization by adopting policies promoting ICT access.
JEL Classification : H20; O11; 033; 055
Habitat selection of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in urban rivers: the effects of urbanization, water quality, and river structure
Authors: Lee Gun-Joo , Cho Hyun Jin , Cheon Seung Ju , Lee Hak Young
Published: November 2023

This study was motivated by the increasing presence of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in densely populated urban areas despite their well-known susceptibility to urbanization. We assessed the spraint marking intensity indicators along the Gwangju Stream in South Korea in 2020 and 2021. In this study, we aimed to determine otter habitat preferences in an urban river and examine the impact of urbanization, water quality, and river structure on otter habitat selection. We tested two hypotheses: (1) otters inhabiting urban rivers are more likely to favor suburban areas over highly urbanized areas, and (2) heterogeneous habitat conditions in urban rivers promote otter presence. We utilized generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and self-organizing maps (SOMs) with 21 variables (eight related to river structure, seven related to urbanization, and six related to water quality) to elucidate our hypotheses. Our results indicated that otter spraint marking intensity indicators were more prevalent in highly urbanized areas, with river structure serving as the primary factor influencing otter habitat selection in urban rivers. Our SOM results highlight the possibility of otters inhabiting highly urbanized areas in scenarios where artificial structures perform a protective function and extensive gravel pits serve as alternative habitats. This study suggests that coexistence between humans and otters is possible, and it may contribute to the development of sustainable urban planning strategies.
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for the difficult gallbladder.
Authors: Grubnyk Volodymyr , Parfentiev Roman , Grubnik Yurii , Grubnyk Viktor , Ilyashenko Vadym
Published: November 2023

Background: Successful cholecystectomy hinges on accurate identification and secure closure of the cystic duct, a process made significantly more difficult when inflammation alters the usual anatomy. Especially when performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Subtotal laporoscopic cholecystectomy provides a solution by permitting near-total gallbladder removal and thorough stone evacuation, thus bypassing dissection in dangerous regions.
The aim of this study was to analyze our clinical experience with LSC in respect to safety, early and long-term outcomes.
Methods. We analyzed the operative records of 7188 patients who underwent LC from January 2005 to September 2019 in our clinic. In the first period from 2005 to 2008, in patients with technically difficult cases (Grade 3,4 Nassar) we performed conversion to open procedure, in the second period from 2009 to 2019 in patients with technically difficult cases (Grade 3,4 Nassar) we performed laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy instead of conversion to open procedure.
Results. During the I period from 2005 to 2008 LC was performed in 2720 patients. Serious technical difficulties (Nasar, Grade 3-4) were seen in 127 patients (4,7 %), 57 (45%) men and 70 (55%) women. In the second period from 2009 to 2019 LC was performed in 4468 patients. There was no significant difference between patients operated in the first and second period.Technical difficulties (Nassar, Grade 4) were seen in 134 (3%) patients.
Conclusion. Our study shows that LCS can be useful for the management of severe cholecystitis and difficult gallbladders. Our patients who underwent LCS had good outcomes with low incidence of complications. LCS is a safe alternative that minimizes the risk of bile duct and portal structure injuries.
LCS is an effective technique in patients with severe inflammation of gallbladders and fibrosis of cystohepatic triangle. Using LCS can dramatically improve the results of laparoscopic operations in patients with gallbladder disease.
Relaxed optimal control for the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with jump noise
Authors: Gokhale Soham
Published: November 2023

We study the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation perturbed by pure jump noise. In order to understand and also control the fluctuations and jumps observed in the hysteresis loop, we add noise and an external control to the effective field. We consider the control operator as one that can depend, even nonlinearly on both the control and the associated solution process. We reformulate the problem as a relaxed control problem by using random Young measures and show that the relaxed problem admits an optimal control. The proof employs the Aldous condition for establishing tightness of laws and a modified version of the Skorohod Theorem for obtaining subconvergence of laws.