bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Ducted Marine Turbine: Study on the Duct and Turbine Efficiency
Authors: Kim Seungnam , Kumar Kyle S. , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a boundary element method applied to the numerical prediction of ducted turbine performance. The model turbine is a horizontal axis marine current turbine subject to the uniform inflow. For this type of steady problem, BEM runs much faster than a finite-volume-method-based viscous simulation, thus facilitating the analysis of different turbine configurations. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how different duct shapes and loading conditions affect ducted turbine performance compared to those from open turbines. Unlike a lifting line model, a commonly used technique for turbine research, the present method does not require simplifying the turbine geometry and trailing wake. Instead, the blade and duct trailing wakes are fully aligned based on the local stream representing the expansion/contraction of the trailing wakes and their mutual interactions. Predicted force and power coefficients are compared with open turbine performance to see how the presence of the duct influences the overall turbine efficiency. The predicted results show that the ducted turbine performance is significantly affected by the flow induced by the duct and its vertical elevation from the blade tip.
Identifying Safety Leading Indicators for the Offshore Industry
Authors: Zhu Weihang , Curtis Rick , Curry James , Mcsweeney Kevin , Craig Brian , Wari Ezra
Published: March 2023

Offshore safety includes process safety and personal safety. Safety leading indicators (LIs), or potential safety precursors, are parameters defined in the safety program pointing to potential areas for improvement, that if corrected can improve safety performance. For example, timely completion of equipment inspections can reduce the likelihood of equipment failure with associated hazards. They identify which safety metrics are more strongly associated with safety performance in a particular organization. This information can be used to improve future safety performance. This paper describes the research efforts to identify potential safety LIs that may help predict or prevent safety issues for the offshore oil and gas industry. Three relevant case studies of LIs for the offshore industry from the literature are discussed. The focus of this paper is on personal and process safety LIs in the offshore sector. Based on the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) safety culture factors, this paper collects and categorizes a list of potential offshore safety leading indicators.
Tecnologia de aplicação com o uso de diferentes adjuvantes na cultura da soja
Authors: Rosa David Peres da , Pegoraro Anderson , Girardi Junior Santana , Santos Taciane dos , Spagnollo Roger Toscan
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do efeito da adição de quatro tipos de adjuvantes na calda de pulverização empregada na aplicação da cultura da soja (Glycine max L.). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos baseados na aplicação de adjuvantes, sendo: sem adjuvante (testemunha), e com adjuvantes Blend®, Tech-Plus®, LI700® e Protect®. Para qualificação foi mensurado o número de gotas, dispersão relativa, diâmetro médio volumétrico, volume aplicado no alvo, densidade de gotas e porcentagem de cobertura nas posições terço superior, médio e inferior da cultura, bem como, componentes de rendimento, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. No terço superior, o adjuvante Protect® apresentou a menor dispersão relativa, resultando em maior homogeneidade do espectro de gotas. No terço médio, aplicação com adjuvante LI700® promoveu maior efetividade na aplicação, sendo que a aplicação sem adjuvantes, proporcionou maior número de gotas no terço inferior da cultura. Na posição mediana e inferior, o adjuvante Protect® apresentou uma baixa qualidade de aplicação, manifesta pelo menor número de gotas, volume aplicado e densidade de gotas. Não houve diferença significativa nos componentes de rendimento, fato advindo das condições climáticas adversas durante o experimento. A adição de adjuvantes demonstrou maior eficiência de aplicação no terço superior e médio da cultura.
Evaluation of the effect of phenolic pigments on rice germination under low temperature conditions
Authors: Maltzahn Latóia Eduarda , Viana Vívian Ebeling , Aranha Bianca Camargo , Custódio Tiago Vega , Venske Eduardo , Maia Luciano Carlos da , Oliveira Antonio Costa de , Pegoraro Camila
Published: March 2023

In Rio Grande do Sul, the main rice producer State in Brazil, low temperatures can occur during germination and seedling establishment, and in some cases, during the reproductive stage. When low temperatures occur in the early developmental stages cause delay in germination, resulting in a non-homogeneous growing. In reproductive stage, low temperatures cause spikelet sterility, directly interfering with plant yield. Researchers have shown that some phenolic compounds such as proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin are associated with low temperature tolerance in plants due to their antioxidant capacity. The red and black color in the seeds of some rice genotypes is conferred by the phenolic compounds proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin, respectively. Therefore, tis study aimed to verify whether rice genotypes with red or black seeds are more tolerant to low temperatures during germination. In this study, five rice genotypes were tested, two present seeds without pigmentation and with contrasting response to low temperature tolerance (BRS Bojuru - tolerant and BRS Pampeira - sensitive), two genotypes with red seeds (BRS 902, SCS 119 Rubi) and one black seed genotype (SCS 120 Ônix). As expected, the genotypes with pigmented seeds had a greater total phenolic compounds content. However, under low temperature conditions, the genotypes with pigmented seed showed a similar response to the sensitive genotype. Therefore, the presence of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin in the seed of the studied genotypes does not provide tolerance to low temperatures during germination.
Desempenho de cultivares de milho para produção de milho verde, minimilho e forragem
Authors: Cavalcante Filho Helder de Albuquerque , Helcias Rodrigo Pereira , Pereira Rodrigo Gomes , Cavalcante Marcelo , Medeiros Priscilla Vanúbia Queiroz de , Andrade Antônio Ricardo Santos
Published: March 2023

O milho apresenta múltiplas funções, podendo ser utilizado no consumo humano, alimentação animal ou em processos industriais. A produção de grãos tornou o Brasil uma referência mundial. Porém, apesar da relevância do milho verde, principalmente para agricultores familiares, são poucos os cultivares disponíveis. Do mesmo modo, para o minimilho, em que são utilizados milho doce ou pipoca para sua obtenção. Na região semiárida, as produções vegetal e animal são limitadas pelo déficit hídrico na época seca. Portanto, com a produção de milho verde e minimilho é possível obter renda com a comercialização das espigas e produzir volumoso com a colheita da planta inteira. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cinco cultivares para produção de milho verde e minimilho e produção de forragem no Agreste Meridional, região semiárida de Pernambuco. Foram realizados dois experimentos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (AG 1051, Alagoano, Branquinha, São Luiz e PV2 Viçosense) e quatro blocos. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se o desempenho dos cultivares para produção de milho verde e forragem, em que os cultivares AG 1051 e Branquinha tiveram, respectivamente, maiores produtividades de espigas comerciais (21,9 e 20,3 Mg ha-1) e de forragem (10,7 e 10,9 Mg MS ha-1). No segundo experimento, avaliou-se o desempenho dos cultivares para a produção de minimilho e forragem, em que os cultivares AG 1051 e PV2 Viçosense obtiveram a maior produtividade de espiguetas comerciais (3,1 e 2,9 Mg ha-1, respetivamente); Branquinha, maior produtividade de forragem (8,9 Mg MS ha-1). Portanto, esses cultivares reúnem características desejáveis, podendo ser utilizados em sistemas intensivos ou extensivos de produção.
Propagação vegetativa de porta-enxertos e enxertia da ameixeira ‘Irati’ em estacas herbáceas recém-enraizadas
Authors: Nicolao Guilherme , Lackman Karen Pinheiro , Mayer Newton Alex , Bianchi Valmor João
Published: March 2023

No Brasil, as mudas de ameixeira são tradicionalmente produzidas por enxertia interespecífica, sendo o porta-enxerto propagado a partir de sementes de pessegueiro, muitas vezes obtidas do resíduo da industrialização do pêssego, o que promove heterogeneidade entre os porta-enxertos. Além disso, o sistema convencional de produção de mudas de ameixeira em condições de campo demanda em torno de 18 meses, desde a obtenção dos caroços à comercialização das mudas enxertadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica do enraizamento adventício de estacas herbáceas de seis cultivares de Prunus spp., bem como a realização da enxertia da ameixeira ‘Irati’ nas estacas recém-enraizadas em casa de vegetação, visando reduzir o tempo necessário para produzir mudas com porta-enxertos clonados. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, envolvendo a fase de propagação do porta-enxerto (1) e a fase da enxertia da ameixeira ’Irati’ nas estacas recém-enraizadas (2). Nas condições experimentais adotadas, conclui-se que é tecnicamente viável a propagação vegetativa de cultivares de Prunus spp. sob nebulização intermitente, utilizando-se estacas herbáceas com 22 cm de comprimento. As cultivares Genovesa, Marianna 2624 e Myrobalan 29C apresentam boa capacidade de propagação, com alta porcentagem de estacas enraizadas vivas (>90%) e baixa mortalidade na aclimatação (≤5,0%). A enxertia de “borbulhia de escudo com lenho” da ameixeira ‘Irati’, realizada em abril na estaca original do porta-enxerto, apresenta baixas porcentagens de pegamento (entre 17,1% e 31,4%) e o início do crescimento dos enxertos só é observado no final do inverno. Considerando os períodos necessários ao enraizamento da estaca herbácea e ao crescimento satisfatório do enxerto, para o plantio da muda na época adequada (inverno), não é possível produzir mudas enxertadas da ameixeira ‘Irati’ em tempo inferior a 12 meses, contado a partir da estaquia.
Urbano e conectado: um perfil do meliponicultor do século XXI
Authors: Ruaro Eduarda Letícia , Meirelles Rafael Narciso , Uhlmann Lauren Nathiely Garcia , Pires Paola Ramos Simões , Leães Fernanda Leal
Published: March 2023

As abelhas são responsáveis por um valioso serviço ecossistêmico, a polinização, fornecendo ainda a produção de mel, pólen ou saburá, própolis, entre outros. A criação de abelhas nativas vem crescendo, impulsionada pelas características particulares de cada espécie e de seus produtos. Logo, objetivou-se conhecer o perfil deste criador, chamado de meliponicultor seus interesses e motivações, bem como suas fontes de informação e sobre a dinâmica econômica dessa atividade na atualidade. Para isso utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, amplamente divulgado nas redes sociais, nos meses de abril e maio de 2020. Este contou com a participação de 718 criadores brasileiros e estrangeiros, dos quais 80,3% praticam a atividade por hobby, maioria iniciantes na atividade, tendo como principal objetivo o lazer e o consumo familiar do mel. Mais de 80% mantém as abelhas em meliponários em áreas urbanas. Dentre os produtos, o enxame é o mais comercializado, sendo preferidas espécies de fácil manejo, pouco defensivas e adaptadas à região, sendo os enxames também adquiridos através de iscas, resgate e divisão. A criação é realizada em caixas de diversos materiais, sendo o principal a madeira e as ferramentas são facilmente encontradas no comércio, bem como, de fácil improvisação. Os criadores citaram preocupações com desmatamento, aumento das áreas urbanas, queimadas, aquecimento global, agrotóxicos, ataque de pragas e furtos. Os meios digitas foi citado como a principal fonte de informações, seguidos por livros e pessoas próximas. Os criadores apontaram ainda que não confiam 100% nas informações que chegam até eles, independente da fonte.
Efeito da adição de farinha de vísceras de aves sobre o desempenho zootécnico de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo
Authors: Lima Misleni Ricarte de , Ludke Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques , Santos Elton Lima , Nunes César Antunes Rocha , Oliveira Cláudio José Parro de
Published: March 2023

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão da farinha de vísceras de aves em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo, sobre o crescimento heterogêneo (CHet) e desempenho zootécnico. Foram utilizados 144 animais com peso médio inicial 1,3 ± 0,02 g, distribuídos em 24 aquários de polietileno com capacidade para 80 L de água, interligados a um sistema de recirculação seguindo um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0,0; 6,0; 12,0 e 18,0% de farinha de vísceras de aves) e seis repetições. Ao término do período experimental foram avaliados: peso final, taxa de sobrevivência, ganho em peso, crescimento heterogêneo, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, índices hepatossomático e lipossomático. Não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis analisadas no ensaio de desempenho. Sendo assim, a farinha de vísceras de aves pode ser incluída até 18% nas dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo.
Avaliação horizontal da distribuição de sementes de milho em função de mecanismos dosadores e velocidade operacional
Authors: Rosa Junior Lauriano Rodrigues , Mauad Munir , Silva Paulo Vinicius da , Gonçalves Alexandre Alves , Orlando Roberto Carlos , Medeiros Elias Silva de , Schedenffeldt Bruna Ferrari
Published: March 2023

O tipo de funcionamento do mecanismo dosador das semeadoras e a velocidade de operação são determinantes na produtividade da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição longitudinal de sementes de milho com diferentes mecanismos dosadores de sementes em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias - FAECA da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois dosadores de sementes (pneumático e mecânico) e quatro velocidades de deslocamento da semeadura (5, 7, 8 e 10 km-1). Foi avaliada a distribuição longitudinal de sementes por meio da verificação do espaçamento entre plântulas em aceitável, falho e múltiplo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variação e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve diferença significativa até a velocidade de 8 km h-1 para o dosador mecânico na análise do desempenho de cada mecanismo dentro das diferentes velocidades. No entanto, o dosador pneumático obteve desempenho superior para espaçamentos falhos e duplos. De modo geral, para ambos os mecanismos dosadores o aumento da velocidade de semeadura proporcionou acréscimo no número de espaçamentos falhos e duplos. Portanto, o mecanismo dosador pneumático apresentou melhor resposta no número de espaçamento aceitável de distribuição com o incremento da velocidade.
Temperatures and substrates on the germination and vigor of seeds of Pilosocereus catingicola subsp. salvadorensis in the Caatinga biome of Paraíba
Authors: Medeiros Robson Luis Silva de , Souza Vênia Camelo de , Araújo Leandro de , Barbosa Neto Miguel Avelino , Azerêdo Gilvaneide Alves de , Barbosa Alex da Silva
Published: March 2023

The Caatinga biome is presented in the vegetation where the Brazilian semiarid region predominates, with a great variety of native species, and facheiro is one of the most important species because of its wide range in the semiarid region in northeastern Brazil. Therefore, the knowledge of the germinative behavior of the Caatinga species is essential to subsidize conservationist actions in this ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and substrate on the germination and vigor of facheiro’s seeds. These seeds were obtained from ripe fruits collected in three localities of the Agreste of Paraíba: Arara, Bananeiras, and Boa Vista. After extraction, the seeds were placed to dry on paper for one week in a laboratory environment. Subsequently, the experiment was started by testing four temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 20-30 °C. The germination test was conducted with four replications of 50 seeds distributed in “gerbox” boxes and placed in bio-oxygen demand (BOD) chambers using as a substrate the germitest paper, with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The statistical design was randomized in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement (3 localities and 4 temperatures). A significant effect was observed for populations and substrates. The best substrate for germination was the germitest, while the substrate vermiculite presented a good performance, and the substrate soil presented low germination. Therefore, seeds presented the best vigor in the germitest paper, mainly with a temperature of 25 °C where the best performance for all localities was found. The vigor of seeds in the localities of Bananeiras and Boa Vista, temperatures of 25, 30, and 20-30 °C, and substrate germitest paper provided the highest vigor. The germitest substrate is the recommended substrate for the germination of the species, maximizing its physiological potential and being able to accelerate conservation projects for the species.
Development of Scalable Synthesis for Selected Protease uPA Inhibitors
Authors:   , Ceradini Davide
Published: March 2023

α-Aminophosphonate UAMC-00050 is a lead compound for the treatment of Dry Eye Disease. The Doctoral thesis discusses the optimization of a multigram synthesis of UAMC-00050. Every step has been carefully studied to improve the yield, and design of experiment (DoE) was used in the last reaction. Yttrium triflate was discovered as an efficient green catalyst for the synthesis of a key intermediate through a one-pot three-component Birum–Oleksyszyn reaction. The overall yield was increased from 3 % in the medicinal chemistry route to 22 % in the process development route. The optimized protocol was applied, with the necessary changes for the preparation of the close analogues of UAMC-00050: UAMC-0004206 and UAMC-0004207.
The benefits of swimming together
Authors: Couzin Iain D , Li Liang
Published: March 2023

When a fish beats its tail, it produces vortices in the water that other fish could take advantage of to save energy while swimming.
Kunnskap og forsoning
Authors: Skaar Elin
Published: March 2023

Artikkel i publikasjonen Om den norske sannhets- og forsoningskommisjonen: foreløpige funn.
Innledning
Authors: Josefsen Eva
Published: March 2023

Innledning til Samisk senters skriftserie nr 23.
Anthropometry and Haemoglobin Range among Rural Women in Davanager District of Karnataka
Authors: Maruthesha A. M. , Sahana S. , Biradar Gangappagouda
Published: March 2023

The rural women play a vital role in agricultural economic development since recent past, so they perform so many activities in their daily work, to accomplish those activities consumes lot of energy in terms of calories, for that women’s need good health. The health can be assessed by their Anthropometry and haemoglobin levels. The present study on socio-economic characteristics, food habits and dietary intake of rural women was conducted in selected villages of Davanager district in Karnataka state. The selected villages were Nittur of Harihar taluk and Kulambi of Honnalli taluk during the year 2020-21. Sixty each women from Nittur and Kulambi villages were selected randomly for the study, thus making a total sample of 120 respondents.This paper focussed on Anthropometry and haemoglobin range among rural women. The prime objectives of the present study were to examine the associations between the haemoglobin level and various anthropometric indices and to predict low and normal haemoglobin levels using combined indices. Furthermore, we examined differences in the haemoglobin level and anthropometric indices between rural women. Since the rural women belong to low socio-economic group in general, the reasons for prevalence of under nutrition could be due to the fact that women are over exhausted by the combination of reproductive demands and long term intake of lower amounts of food. Among respondents 84 per cent of them were normal and 16 per cent of them were overweight.
Estimating Sojourn Time and Transition between Clinical States of HIV Patients under ART Follow up in Namibia
Authors: Kashihalwa Simon Pombili , Pazvakawambwa Lilian , Mwanyekange Josua
Published: March 2023

Background: Sojourn time refers to the amount of time a HIV patient spends in each clinical state in a single stay before he/she makes a transition to another state.  HIV can be broken down into a number of intermediate states, based on CD4 counts. The four states of the Markov process of HIV are commonly deﬁned as: S1: CD4 count > 500 cells/microlitre of blood; S2: 350 < CD4 count ≤ 500 cells/microlitre of blood; S3: 200 < CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/microlitre of blood; S4: CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/microliter of blood.

Aims: The aim of the study was to estimate sojourn and transition between clinical states of patients under ART in Namibia using homogenous semi-Markov processes, on data obtained from MoHSS.

Methods: A retrospective study design was used to obtain data on 2422 patients who were observed 11028 times, during 2008 to 2017 follow up period. The four staged semi-Markov model was employed to estimate sojourn times and transition between clinical states.

Results: Results indicates that 1637 (67.6%) were female and 785 (32.41%) were male .657(27.13%) patients started ART in state 1, 683(28.19%) patients  started ART in state 2, 677(27.95%) patients  started ART in state 3 and 405(16.72%) patients started ART in state 4, at treatment commencement (t = 0). As expected, the probabilities of transiting from good to worse states increased with time. After 6 months, the probabilities of transiting from state 1 to 3, and from state 1 to 4 are 0.023 and 0.004 respectively. Whereas after 12 months, the probabilities of transiting from state 1 to 3, and from state 1 to 4 are 0.059 and 0.010 respectively. As time increased the probabilities to remain in the same state is decreasing (probabilities of remaining in state 1 after 6, 12 and 18 months is 0.804, 0.698 and 0.633). Sojourn times for states 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 22, 8, 10 and 15 months respectively.

Conclusions: Sojourn time is of interest in HIV modeling, as it gives a signal of how HIV is progressing. Longer sojourn times indicates slow HIV progression and shorter sojourn times indicates rapid HIV progression. As time increases, transition probabilities from good states to worse states increases.
A Case Report of Achalasia in HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infected Adolescent
Authors: Oninla Samuel O. , Olagunju Funso A. , Oderanti Oyetoke C. , Aderinto Noah O.
Published: March 2023

Aims: To sensitize clinicians on the need to consider achalasia in HIV infected children presenting with dysphagia.

Presentation of Case: A 14-year-old HIV-infected boy presented with 4years of difficulty and painful swallowing. It was initially to solid food and progressed to liquid diet and water. There were associated intermittent vomiting, weight loss, and recurrent fever. Examination revealed a stunted and chronically ill-looking boy, weighed 22.5Kg and measured 139cm in height, 48.3% and 86.3% of the expected for age respectively. He had generalized lymphadenopathy and whitish patches on the tongue. Initial differential diagnoses were oesophageal candidiasis and achalasia with pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest X-ray and stool gene Xpert confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 count was 380 cells/ml. He had anti-Koch’s drugs and oral fluconazole for 6 months and 8 weeks respectively, and later highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite the completion of the fluconazole, the presented symptoms got worsened and the patient could not even take his medications, and his weight dropped to 15kg. Barium swallow and upper GI endoscopy done later confirmed achalasia. He had a successfully modified Heller’s myotomy procedure after which he could eat, drink and take his medications. He was discharged and kept his regular clinic appointments with appreciable weight gain.

Conclusion: Achalasia could occur in HIV-infected children when presented with dysphagia and therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed to make a timely diagnosis to avoid complications and death.
Techno Economic Assessment of Axial Flow Pumps in Thrissur Kole Lands
Authors: Harisankar O. P. , Joseph Shyla , Sathian K. K. , Joseph Asha , Jayan P. R.
Published: March 2023

Water-logged areas of wetland paddy systems must be drained in the shortest time to initiate seed bed preparation. The short time for seed bed preparation demands the adoption of low head-high discharge pumps for draining the field. A typical example of a water-logged wetland paddy system is the Kole lands lying in the Thrissur and Malappuram districts. Dewatering from these fields is mainly done by ‘petty and para’ pump, a locally made crude form of axial flow propeller pump. The petty and para pump has very low overall efficiency and requires significant installation cost and maintenance cost. Thus, as an alternative to this pump, modern axial flow pumps such as vertical submersible and vertical turbine type are gradually replacing them. At the same time, this replacement operations are capital intensive. Hence, it is necessary to assess the hydraulic and economic performance of the modern pump sets with the traditional one. Therefore, this study was conducted on the axial flow pumps in operation in the Kole lands of Thrissur District in Kerala, India, during the year 2020-2022. Performance evaluation of 50 hp petty and para pump, vertical submersible pump and vertical propeller pump was done through field pumping test and the economic analysis was carried out by considering the capital costs, operation and maintenance costs and the benefits derived from the paddy cultivation. The study revealed that overall efficiency of 50 hp petty and para pump varied from 18.51 to 22.64 percent, with a mean of 20.58 percent. In the case of vertical submersible pump, the same varied from 54.46 to 60.48 percent with a mean of 57.47 percent and in the case of propeller pump it ranged from 42.67 to 50.69 percent with a mean of 46.68 percent. It is evident that vertical submersible pump has the highest Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Worth (NPW), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and the lowest Payback Period (PP) and pumping costs among the three 50 hp axial flow pumps.
Development of Grooved Belt Type Fertilizer Metering Mechanism for Spot Fertilizer Applicator
Authors: Mahore Aman , Singh K. P. , Jyoti Bikram , Kumar Manoj , Patel Abhishek
Published: March 2023

Higher risks involved in excess fertilizer application require precise placement of fertilizer in adequate amount in the root zone of the crop. The drawbacks of current fertilizer application techniques (band placement, pellet application, and ring basin method) include over-fertilization, soil acidity, nutritional imbalances, soil structure damage and an increase in bulk density. Development of a spot fertilizer applicator with precise fertilizer metering was planned to address the problem. The physical and mechanical properties of di-ammonium phosphate were determined. A new grooved belt type fertilizer metering mechanism was developed for orchard application using the fertilizer properties determined. The metering mechanism was equipped with a fertilizer box of 100 kg capacity. The torque requirement of metering mechanism was determined using torque transducer to select a DC motor. The maximum torque required was 4.5 N.m at 8 m.min-1 of metering belt speed. An automatic plant detection-based spot fertilizer applicator with developed fertilizer metering mechanism has potential to save about 20% fertilizer compared to band placement along with reduced labour requirement.
Heterosis Analysis Over Environments for Seed Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Rathva Prakashsinh , Patel Mukesh P. , Solanki Ujjval , Pali Vikas
Published: March 2023

A complete set of 79 entries comprising of twelve parents, their 66 F1s and one check RLC-92 were evaluated during rabi 2020-21 at two locations i.e., ARS, Dahod, and BTRS, Anand, under two dates of sowing i.e., 2nd fortnight of October and 1st fortnight of November. The present study aimed to investigate the Heterosis analysis over environments for seed yield and its attributing traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Among the all four environments, E1 had higher mean value for seed yield per plant and all other important yield contributing traits indicating sowing in second fortnight at Dahod conditions best for linseed cultivation. The hybrids viz., Indira × ILS 264, RLC 133 × Kartika, H 45 × Kartika, IPI 10 × H 45 and IPI 10 × Kartika depicted higher better parent heterosis (HB) and Shekhar × GS 384 and Shekhar × H 45 noted significant standard heterosis for seed yield per plant and other traits. Parental lines, Shekhar, GS 384, H 45, KB 961, IPI 10 and Kartika yielded superior heterotic crosses for seed yield and its component characters. The heterotic effect for seed yield per plant was found to be associated with heterosis for its related traits in the majority of the crosses. High standard heterosis and heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant and its component characters suggested ample scope of exploiting heterosis commercially. The magnitude of heterosis provides information on the extent of genetic diversity in parents of a cross and helps in choosing the parents for superior Fl’s, and to exploit hybrid vigour.
Isolated Complete Tubular Duplication of the Oesophagus in a New Born- A Case Report
Authors: Airon Abhimanyu , Airon Dhruv , Airon Neha , Adhikari Suman , Singh Priyanka
Published: March 2023

Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare and ileum is the most commonly affected site, followed by the Oesophagus which accounts for 15% of all digestive tract duplications. The duplicated Oesophagus with mucus, submucous and muscular membranes, is adjacent to the true Oesophagus without a common wall. This condition leads to dysphagia, vomiting, nausea, retrosteranal pain or respiratory distress and stridor. This condition is commonly seen during the newborn period.

Tubular duplication is commonly seen in the mid and lower third of the Oesophagus whereas cystic oesophageal duplication is found in the lower third of the Oesophagus. Usuall 70% -90% of the patients are diagnosed before two years of age as they develop symptoms. However few case of oesophageal duplication has been discovered incidently in adult patients.

In this study, we report a rare case of isolated complete tubular oesophageal duplication in a 2 day old male newborn, who presented with excessive salivation, respiratory distress and intolerance to feeds.
Fretful Longevity of Upper Kolab Reservoir, Odisha by GIS Study
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Abhisek , Kumar Chandan , Mishra Saswat , Nanda Rupashree
Published: March 2023

Background: The nonrenewable energy source, hydropower reservoirs are the yardstick that scales up developing countries around the globe including India. The multipurpose Upper Kolab project is housed at the Kondhan Hills of the north Eastern Ghats mobile Belt range near Koraput Town. The dam is of length 630.5m with a height of 54.50m, and an average annual flow1803 M cum in operation since 1986. The project was built for 320MW generation, about 445000Ha CCA, and water supply to nearby towns.

Objective: Climate Change and anthropogenic stresses have resulted in depleting the major reservoir’s capacity by sedimentation, hence irrigation and power generation. The southern part of the Northeastern Ghats belt is worst affected. The present study is about the rate of capacity loss of Upper Kolab Reservoir in south Odisha.

Methodology: The present study involves the collection of data from the Landsat 4, Landsat 5, and Landsat 8  OLI Operational land user image of 30 m resolution was downloaded from either SRTM data or Earth Explorer data, and the digital elevation model (DEM) was prepared for the same period of the years 1996, 2002, 2013, 2017 and 2021. The TOPO geological map (1:500,000 scale) of 1983 was used to digitize geological formations. The ArcGIS 10.2 software is used for the topographic constraints of the water body and its watershed. The maps generated are slope maps, aspect maps, and various differentials sediment values in volume and water spread area.

Results and Conclusion: The inference is the fast rate of annual sedimentation @3.542mm/yr which is much higher than its mother basin Godavari (@2.22mm/yr. The longevity of the Upper Kolab Reservoir and power generation shall be affected earlier before it is designed life. Sedimentation needs prioritization, as caused by the anthropogenic and climate-induced huge sediment entry to the upper Kolab reservoir warranting a secondary reservoir downstream.
THE ROLE OF CITY’S BRAND EQUITY’S DIMENSION ON TOURIST’S VISIT INTENTION USING FAMILIARITY AS MEDIATION: A STUDY OF TANGERANG CITY INDONESIA
Authors: Purba Antony Stevanus , Prathivi Maria Dini Gilang , Sihombing Ririsma
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which brand equity influences visitor interest to visit Tangerang city as one of the tourism destinations. The majority of empirical studies have proposed that brand recognition and familiarity with a tourist destination city (familiarity) has a positive correlation with the tourist destination's image. This research is to determine how much influence brand equity has using the dimension of brand quality, brand image, brand loyalty, and brand awareness as familiarity used as mediating variable.
What Is Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Alam Ahsan , Cornec-Le Gall Emilie , Perrone Ronald D.
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Problems With Wearable Data in Children
Authors: Kim Won-Pyo , Kim Hyun-Jin , Pack Seung Pil , Lim Jae-Hyun , Cho Chul-Hyun , Lee Heon-Jeong
Published: March 2023

Importance

Early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep problems is paramount for children’s mental health. Interview-based diagnostic approaches have drawbacks, necessitating the development of an evaluation method that uses digital phenotypes in daily life.

Objective

To evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models by setting the data obtained from personal digital devices comprising training features (ie, wearable data) and diagnostic results of ADHD and sleep problems by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (K-SADS) as a prediction class from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this diagnostic study, wearable data and K-SADS data were collected at 21 sites in the US in the ABCD study (release 3.0, November 2, 2020, analyzed October 11, 2021). Screening data from 6571 patients and 21 days of wearable data from 5725 patients collected at the 2-year follow-up were used, and circadian rhythm–based features were generated for each participant. A total of 12 348 wearable data for ADHD and 39 160 for sleep problems were merged for developing ML models.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The average performance of the ML models was measured using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In addition, the Shapley Additive Explanations value was used to calculate the importance of features.

Results

The final population consisted of 79 children with ADHD problems (mean [SD] age, 144.5 [8.1] months; 55 [69.6%] males) vs 1011 controls and 68 with sleep problems (mean [SD] age, 143.5 [7.5] months; 38 [55.9%] males) vs 3346 controls. The ML models showed reasonable predictive performance for ADHD (AUC, 0.798; sensitivity, 0.756; specificity, 0.716; PPV, 0.159; and NPV, 0.976) and sleep problems (AUC, 0.737; sensitivity, 0.743; specificity, 0.632; PPV, 0.036; and NPV, 0.992).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study, an ML method for early detection or screening using digital phenotypes in children’s daily lives was developed. The results support facilitating early detection in children; however, additional follow-up studies can improve its performance.
The Beautiful Brain: communicating fundamental neuroscience through masterpieces of art
Authors: Gesuita Lorenzo , Karayannis Theofanis
Published: March 2023

The Beautiful Brain is a documentary web series that breaks down borders between science and art. Five episodes retrace in a simple, but visually effective, way five key steps of brain development, using awe‐inspiring masterpieces of art as analogies. This unconventional series focuses on fundamental research in neuroscience, the communication of which is not always easy and straightforward. In this article, we share our experience of how we tried to overcome the difficulties of communicating fundamental science to the lay audience. Moreover, we give insights into the path we followed to create The Beautiful Brain, with the hope that our experience may be an inspiration to other basic scientists who wish to communicate their own research.
Improving carbon footprint estimates of food items with a simple seeding procedure
Authors: Bröder Arndt , Dülz Elena , Heidecke Daphne , Wehler Anna , Weimann Frieda
Published: March 2023

Laypeople's estimates of carbon footprints have repeatedly shown to be deficient, which may hinder targeted behavior change to reduce CO2 emissions. In an online study (N = 127), a vast underestimation of carbon footprints for 60 food items was observed in an on average highly educated convenience sample, confirming a lack of carbon footprints knowledge. Then, target carbon footprint values for a small subset of 15 “seeding” items were provided, which led to a large improvement in a second estimate for both the seeding as well as the remaining transfer items. A lens model analysis showed that participants adjusted the weighting of several predictors in the correct direction due to this simple intervention. It is argued that although almost 30 years old, “seeding the knowledge base” has probably been neglected as an effective low‐cost intervention for improving quantitative knowledge of the public. This is especially important concerning societal problems that rely on adequate numerical knowledge for behavior regulation.
ASAM on Part 8 NPRM: Reforming OTPs is not good enough
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) is not in favor of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) being in charge of methadone treatment and instead wants its members — office‐based prescribers — to treat patients. This is not news; several years ago, ASAM's president sat on the dais with AATOD (American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence) president Mark Parrino at the AATOD conference, and buprenorphine was still highly restricted. Those days are long gone. Fresh from its victory in removing the X‐waiver for buprenorphine, ASAM is now demanding that methadone be prescribed by physicians who are not OTPs, and is doing so at the exact time that the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has developed a clear proposal for making methadone treatment easier to access (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33643).
PtCu Nanosonosensitizers with Inflammatory Microenvironment Regulation for Enhanced Sonodynamic Bacterial Elimination and Tissue Repair
Authors: Cheng Shuning , Chen Lin , Gong Fei , Yang Xiaoyuan , Han Zhihui , Wang Yuanjie , Ge Jun , Gao Xiang , Li Yuting , Zhong Xiaoyan , Wang Li , Lei Huali , Zhou Xiaozhong , Zhang Zengli , Cheng Liang
Published: March 2023

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is considered a reliable replacement therapy to overcome the resistance to antibiotics and the limited tissue penetration of traditional photo‐induced therapy. Herein, ultrasmall platinum‐copper alloy nanoparticles (PtCu NPs) modified with poly (maleic anhydridealt‐1‐octadecene)‐polyethylene glycol (C18PMH‐PEG) with high sonodynamic activity, strong catalytic ability, and good glutathione (GSH) depletion performance are synthesized for highly efficient bacterial elimination. PtCu NPs obtained through a thermal decomposition approach can generate high toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, showing good sonodynamic performance. Meanwhile, the partial oxygenation formed on the surface of PtCu NPs endows them with good Fenton‐like catalytic performance and superior GSH‐depleting ability, thus enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vitro experiments confirm that the synthesized PtCu‐ NPs can not only efficiently kill both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria but also eliminate staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection through ROS generation and then accelerate wound healing in the S. aureus‐infected wound model. Meanwhile, the copper ions released from PtCu NPs can promote cell migration and angiogenesis through the up‐regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF‐1α) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31). Finally, the S. aureus‐induced deep‐seated osteomyelitis infection and bone destruction were successfully inhibited by the PtCu‐mediated combination therapy. Our work highlights a novel SDT strategy for enhanced sonodynamic bacteria elimination and tissue repair.
Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Sensor with High Sensitivity and Selectivity using Chemically Immobilized Monolayer Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Girma Henok Getachew , Park Kwang Hun , Ji Dongseob , Kim Yejin , Lee Hye Min , Jeon Seungju , Jung Seo‐Hyun , Kim Jin Young , Noh Yong‐Young , Lim Bogyu
Published: March 2023

Although semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWNTs) exhibit excellent sensing properties for various gases, commercialization is hampered by several obstacles. Among these, the difficulty in reproducibly fabricating sc‐SWNT films with uniform density and thickness is the main one. Here, a facile fabrication method for sc‐SWNT‐based hydrogen (H2) sensors with excellent reproducibility, high sensitivity, and selectivity against CO, CO2, and CH4 is reported. Uniform‐density and monolayer sc‐SWNT films are fabricated using chemical immobilized through the click reaction between azide‐functionalized polymer‐wrapped sc‐SWNTs and immobilized alkyne polymer on a substrate before decorating with Pd nanoparticles (0.5–3.0 nm). The optimized sc‐SWNT sensor has a high room‐temperature response of 285 with the response and recovery times of 10 and 3 s, respectively, under 1% H2 gas in air. In particular, this sensor demonstrates highly selective H2 detection at room temperature (25 °C), compared to other gases and humidity. Therefore, the chemical immobilization of the monolayer SWNT films with reproducible and uniform density has the potential for large‐scale fabrication of robust room‐temperature H2 sensors.
Charge‐Driven Self‐Assembled Microspheres Hydrogel Scaffolds for Combined Drug Delivery and Photothermal Therapy of Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Luo Xiong , Zhang Lei , Luo Yiping , Cai Zhuyun , Zeng Hua , Wang Tianlong , Liu Zhiqing , Chen Yixing , Sheng Xuexin , Mandlate Aquino Ernesto da Graça , Zhou Zifei , Chen Feng , Zheng Longpo
Published: March 2023

The treatment of diabetic wound remains a big clinical challenge. Hydrogel that can provide physical barrier and humidity displays amazing potentials for managing the diabetic wounds healing. Herein, a new charge‐driven self‐assembled microsphere hydrogel scaffold (SMHS) is reported based on an electric charge interaction, by combining use of black phosphorus (BP)‐contained chitosan methacryloyl (CS) microspheres with positive charge and basic fibroblast growth factor‐contained hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HA) microspheres with negative charge. The weak charge attraction among microspheres gives the SMHS the injectable characteristic. Due to the existence of BP, near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation has obvious effects on the degradation and drug release behaviors of SMHS. Significantly, SMHS that combines the short‐term physical (photothermal) intervention and long‐term chemical (drug release) intervention may be promising in spatio‐temporal regulation of regenerative microenvironment. SMHS with NIR irradiation (SMHS+NIR) can promote cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis and macrophage polarization. Moreover, in diabetic rat skin wounds, SMHS+NIR significantly accelerates the wound healing process by simultaneously inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis and tissues remodeling. The outcome of this research not only provides a biomaterial for diabetic wounds healing, but also demonstrates a new strategy for designing novel hydrogel‐based biomaterials which have the free editing and combination functions.
Biomorphic Actuation Driven Via On‐Chip Buckling of Photoresponsive Hydrogel Films
Authors: Takahashi Riku , Tanaka Aya , Yamaguchi Masumi
Published: March 2023

Remotely controllable photoresponsive hydrogel actuators are promising for applications in multiple fields. However, simple deformation mechanisms, which rely on the general swelling/deswelling, limit their performance and application. Herein, we report a displacement amplification mechanism based on the buckling deformation of photoresponsive hydrogel film. The on‐chip buckled architecture of the hydrogel enables actuation between a flat 2D shape and tubular 3D buckled shape with remarkable performances, including high deformation ratio (height ratio: ≈360%), tunable cycle motion frequency (0.1—1 Hz) and high cyclic stability. Moreover, localized buckling deformation, such as tube opening and closing, can be controlled in response to photostimulation. Inspired by these biomorphic shapes and motions, an intestine‐mimetic device and demonstrate segmentation with substance crushing and peristalsis motion with substance propelling were further fabricated. This study will provide a useful design principle for hydrogel actuators and shed light on diverse applications in soft robotics, dynamic microfluidics and organs‐on‐chips.
Bio‐Inspired Artificial Perceptual Devices for Neuromorphic Computing and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Chen Fandi , Zhang Shuo , Hu Long , Fan Jiajun , Lin Chun‐Ho , Guan Peiyuan , Zhou Yingze , Wan Tao , Peng Shuhua , Wang Chun‐Hui , Wu Liao , Furlong Teri McLean , Valanoor Nagarajan , Chu Dewei
Published: March 2023

Artificial perception technologies capable of sensing and feeling mechanical stimuli like human skins are critical enablers for electronic skins (E‐Skins) needed to achieve artificial intelligence. However, most of the reported electronic skin systems lack the capability to process and interpret the sensor data. Herein, a new design of artificial perceptual system integrating ZnO‐based synaptic devices with Pt/carbon nanofibers‐based strain sensors for stimuli detection and information processing is presented. Benefiting from the controllable ion migration after indium doping, the device can emulate various essential functions, such as short‐term/long‐term plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation, excitatory post‐synaptic current, and synaptic plasticity depending on the number, frequency, amplitude, and width of the applied pulses. The Pt/carbon nanofibers‐based strain sensors can detect subtle human motion and convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, which are further processed by the ZnO devices. By attaching the integrated devices to finger joints, it is demonstrated that they can recognize handwriting and gestures with a high accuracy. This work offers new insights in designing artificial synapses and sensors to process and recognize information for neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence applications.