bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PROSES QUENCHING-TEMPERING DALAM MENINGKATKAN SIFAT MEKANIK PIPA LOW CARBON STEEL LOW ALLOY GRADE J55 MENJADI GRADE P110
Authors: Setiawan Agris , Tambunan Herodes Eka Putra
Published: February 2022

Baja  adalah  logam  paduan  dengan  besi  sebagai  unsur  dasar dan karbon sebagai unsur paduan utamanya. Kandungan karbon dalam baja berkisar antara 0.2% hingga 2.1% berat sesuai grade-nya. Fungsi karbon dalam baja adalah sebagai unsur pengeras. Unsur paduan lain yang biasa ditambahkan selain karbon adalah mangan, krom, vanadium, dan nikel. Dengan memvariasikan kandungan karbon dan unsur paduan lainnya, berbagai jenis kualitas baja bisa didapatkan. Penambahan kandungan karbon pada baja dapat meningkatkan kekerasan dan kekuatan tariknya, namun di sisi lain membuatnya menjadi getas serta menurunkan keuletannya. Proses heat treament atau proses perlakuan panas yang dilakukan terhadap sesuatu material dalam hal ini logam dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan sifat mekanik tertentu (sesuai dengan keinginan). Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut pada umumnya dengan melakukan kombinasi pengoperasian antara pemanasan dan pendinginan. Material dipanaskan pada temperature tertentu, ditahan dengan waktu penahanan tertentu dan diikuti dengan pendinginan dengan laju pendinginan tertentu.
PKM Peningkatan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Produksi Kacang Asin Melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Otomasi Penggorengan Pasir Elektrik di Desa Purwogondo Jepara
Authors: Rufiyanto Anief , Apriyanti Eny , Subekti Sri
Published: February 2022

Usaha kacang asin di Desa Purwogondo Kalinyamatan Jepara telah dilakukan sejak beberapa tahun lalu, tetapi peningkatan produksinya masih terbatas karena tidak mampu menaikkan jumlah produksinya secara signifikan, hal ini disebabkan proses produksi masih bersifat tradisional mulai dari pemilahan bahan baku kacang, pencampuran bumbu, pengeringan dan penggorengan semua proses olahan kacang asin  pembuatannya dilakukan menggunakan tenaga manusia. Program Kemitraan Masyarakat yang bermitra dengan Kelompok  Usaha industri kacang asin di Desa Purwogondo Kecamatan kalinyamatan Jepara telah berhasil membantu menciptakan kemandirian ekonomi, hasil dari program ini adalah meningkatnya kapasitas dan kuantitas produksi kacang asin pada kelompok mitra. Implementasi alat berbasis teknologi elektrik dan automasi dengan penggorengan dan alat pengering kacang mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksi kacang asin dari 7 kg menjadi 25 kg dalam waktu produksi 7 jam pengerjaan.

Kata kunci: automasi, elektrik, kacang asin, kuantitas, kualitas
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Meloxicam Nanoemulgel to be Used Topically
Authors: Kadhim Drais Hayder , A. Hussein Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is practically insoluble in water. It is associated with gastrointestinal side effects at high doses on long  term treatment. The aim of this investigation to formulate and evaluate gellified nanoemulsion of meloxicam as a topical dosage form to enhance meloxicam therapeutic activity and reduce systemic side effect.

The pseudo ternary phase diagrams were made, including  the oil mixture which is composed of almond oil and peppermint oil at a ratio (1:2), variable surfactant mixture (S mix) which are tween 80 and ethanol at ratios of (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) and double distilled water. Slow dripping of double distilled water to the combination  of the oil mixture and Smix was performed to get nanoemulsion. The pseudo ternary phase diagram that has a greater nanoemulsifying area was contained  Smix ratio (3:1) from which seven formulas of nanoemulsion (NE1-NE7) were taken for characterization of prepared nanoemulsions and to prepare nanoemulgel formulas (NF1-NF7). The seven nanoemulgel formulas were subjected to various evaluations. NF1 was the selected formula and investigated for its stability and morphology.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that the optimized formula (NF1) was nanosized particle nearly spherical in shape and smooth surface globules, this indicates  stability of optimized nanoemulgel (NF1). It can be concluded that the selected formula (NF1) is an effective alternative for the topical delivery of meloxicam.

Keywords: Meloxicam, Nanoemulgel, Arthritis.
Effects of Social Distancing on People’s Lifestyle During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lakshika K. V. G. T. , Ananda D. T. H.
Published: February 2022

COVID 19 pandemic has been a challenge to the entire world. By May 2021, the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Sri Lanka was 109,862, including 687 deaths. Social distancing was recommended as one of the major guidelines to be followed by the citizens to control the spread of the virus. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the social influence of the social distancing within rural and urban variations and to find out both positive and negative impacts of social distancing. The study was conducted based on Baddegama South, Yahaladuwa, Diwithura, and Hamingala GN Divisions belonging to the Waliwita Diwithura and Baddegama Secretariat Divisions in Galle District. Sample sizes were calculated based on the population sizes of each village. A total of 121 families were randomly selected for the final sample. A questionnaire survey, interviews, and observations were conducted to gather data. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16.0) and Excel packages and qualitative data were analyzed through the content analysis method. Fifty-eight percent of the rural population and 36% of the urban population have acquired economic advantages through home gardening. Among economic disadvantages, employment loss (52% - rural, 46% - urban) was found as the most influenced factor on the lifestyle of both sector populations. Establishment of a proper and organized network system among farmers, economic centers and local sector vendors for the transportation and distribution of vegetables and dry foods, development of online services in both public and private institutions, enhancement of network ranges in rural sectors, awareness programs with the prime consideration on the social, educational, economic, and psychological factors would be useful to reduce the negative influences of social distancing.
Estimation of the initial material of spring barley in the Rostov region
Authors: Filippov E. G. , Dontsova А. А. , Dontsov D. P. , Doroshenko Е. S. , Zasypkina I. M. , Bragin R. N.
Published: February 2022

The current paper has presented the study results of the collection samples of spring barley. The purpose of the study was a comprehensive research of the collection of spring barley varieties and lines of various ecological and geographical origin in order to identify the most valuable economic and biological forms for targeted use in breeding programs of the department of barley breeding and seed production in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2017–2019. The objects of the study were 85 spring barley samples. The collection seed-plot was formed from the best varieties of breeding institutions in various regions, most of which were the varieties of domestic breeding (FSBSI FRC All-Russian Institute of genetic resources of plants named after N.I. Vavilov, FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy, FSBSI “National Center of grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko”, FSBSI North-Caucasus FSAC, etc.), as well as the varieties of the European Union (England, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia), Canada, Belarus, Ukraine. The sowings were carried out in a row method with a row spacing of 15 cm with the Wintersteiger Plotseed seeder; the plots were seven-row, with an area of 10 m2 . The seeding rate was 450 germinated seeds per 1 m² without repetitions. The standard variety ‘Ratnik’ was sown every 20 numbers in the seed-plot. The forecrop was sunflower. There were made phenological observations, estimated varieties’ resistance to lodging and diseases, assessed productivity and conducted structural analysis of plants in points according to the estimation system of the main economically valuable traits given in the Methodological recommendations for studying the world barley and oats collection (2012). As a result, there were identified the following varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, as ‘Kazer’, ‘Azov’, ‘Tan 1’, ‘Divny’, ‘Chelyabinsky 99’, ‘Khadzhibey’, ‘Raushan’, ‘Agat’, ‘Suzdalets’, ‘Bagrets’, ‘Rus’, ‘Elf’, ‘Rakhat’ (Russia); ‘Nord 071111’, ‘Obolon’, ‘Odessa 22’, ‘Donetsk 14’, ‘Donetsk 15’ (Ukraine); ‘Perun’, ‘Prestige’ (Czech Republic); ‘Viking’, ‘Philadelphie’ (Germany). The identified varieties are going to be used in further breeding programs of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”.
The comparative analysis of the new spring bread wheat variety ‘Arseya’ with the zoned varieties
Authors: Barkovskaya T. A. , Gladysheva O. V. , Kokoreva V. G.
Published: February 2022

There has been presented the information on the purposeful process of developing the spring bread wheat variety ‘Arseya’, which was included in the state list of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in the Central Region in 2020. The mean productivity of the variety plots of the Central region was 3.0 t/ha, the maximum productivity of 4.8 t/ha was obtained in the Bryansk region in 2018. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the valuable traits of the new spring bread wheat variety ‘Arseya’ with the zoned varieties of the Central region in a comparative analysis. As a result, there was found that the mean productivity of the variety ‘Arseya’ was 4.94 t/ha in the competitive variety testing for 2015–2020. Through the years of study, the lowest and highest levels of productivity exceeded the standard values of the variety ‘Agata’ on 0.30–0.49 t/ha. The comparative analysis of the varieties zoned in the Central Region showed that the new variety ‘Arseya’ exceeded them in productivity on 0.50–0.88 t/ha, or 10.1–17.8% on average. There was established that the highest level of productivity was formed under the optimal weather conditions of 2017. The largest productivity values were given by the varieties ‘Dariya’ and ‘Arseya’ with 6.28 t/ha and 5.72 t/ha, respectively. The lowest productivity range was identified in the varieties ‘Agata’ and ‘Arseya’ with 11.6% and 11.9%, respectively. The variety ‘Arseya’ under the generally accepted cultivation technology, showed the productivity potential by 86%. When calculating the stability factor (S.F.) indicators and the productivity range (d), there has been identified that the varieties ‘Agata’ and ‘Arseya’ have the lowest values of 1.33 and 1.35, i.e. 24.7% and 25.9% respectively. The spring bread wheat variety ‘Arseya’ is fully adapted to local agroclimatic conditions.
“Far From Uninteresting”: Getting to Know the St. Lawrence River at Montreal During the Construction of the Victoria Bridge
Authors: Braiden Heather
Published: February 2022

In northern cities like Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the winters are long, and the construction season is condensed. In the mid-nineteenth century, knowing the St. Lawrence River’s seasonal variations and local construction customs helped railway and bridge builders save time and frustration during the very short working seasons. In this article, I investigate how technical and quasi-technical communications generated during the construction of the Victoria Bridge (1854–1860) are a rich source of urban knowledge. By examining visual and textual evidence in The Construction of the Great Victoria Bridge in Canada, I demonstrate how representations of the construction process are a tangible medium through which practical experience and a personal way of knowing the urban landscape are mediated. I argue that everyday experience and tacit knowledge move between social worlds and inform how audiences know and understand the colonial city.
La présence métisse à Edmonton dans les années 1930 : de l’éclipse à l’émergence
Authors: Kermoal Nathalie
Published: February 2022

Les histoires des villes de l’Ouest canadien sont inextricablement liées à l’histoire des Métis. Installées le long des rivières au XIXesiècle, les familles métisses constituaient le noyau sur lequel sont venus se greffer d’autres arrivants. Avec la transformation des villes au cours du XXesiècle, les familles métisses trouvent de moins en moins de place dans le paysage urbain et disparaissent des récits des grandes villes de l’Ouest canadien. Les Métis, comme les Premières Nations, sont victimes du colonialisme municipal, dont le but est d’effacer leur présence, perçue comme étant d’une époque révolue. Sans place en ville, certaines familles vivent dans des établissements spontanés aux abords des villes ou, comme dans le cas d’Edmonton, près des dépotoirs. Les Métis d’Edmonton ont grandement influencé l’évolution de la ville au XIXesiècle, jusqu’à ce qu’ils soient dépossédés de leurs terres à la fin de cette période. Quoique la plupart des familles quittent Edmonton, la relation qu’elles entretiennent avec la ville n’est pas coupée pour autant. Le but de notre article est avant tout de mettre en lumière un aspect peu connu de l’histoire d’Edmonton, celle de regroupements métis dans certaines parties de la ville –notamment sur le dépotoir Grierson, en plein centre-ville, et du côté de Stony Plain Road, c’est-à-dire au nord-ouest de la ville, où une communauté plus large s’est installée – dont on perçoit encore les traces et qui ont vu le jour dans les années 1930. Dans notre analyse, nous dressons un portrait préliminaire de cette présence métisse à Edmonton. Bien qu’aux yeux de la municipalité, ces personnes entraient dans la catégorie des « squatters » indésirables vivant dans des logements de fortune, notre étude examine la possibilité que ces logements aient représenté un « chez soi » permettant à des familles élargies de vivre ensemble et de se sentir culturellement en sécurité malgré l’hostilité et la discrimination ambiantes.
Self-Efficacy as Determinant of Interest Becoming Intensive Care Nurse
Authors: Metalita Eva , Handiyani Hanny , Kuntarti Kuntarti , Afriani Tuti , Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: February 2022

This study aims to identify the factors that influence interest in becoming an intensive nurse. The design of this study used a cross-sectional approach. The results showed self-efficacy, appreciation, work unit, age, family support and supervisor support (p=<0.001), years of service (p=0.005), gender (p=0.002), career level (p=0.004), and experience. Training (p=0.003) affected the interest of intensive nurses. On the other hand, knowledge and level of education were not influenced by the pull of intensive nurses. The results of multiple linear regression analysis found that the most influential interest factors in becoming an intensive nurse were self-efficacy, followed by rewards, work units, and gender. These four factors contributed 57.4% in influencing the interest in becoming an intensive nurse. In conclusion, what most determines interest in becoming an intensive nurse is self-efficacy.

 

Keywords: Determinants, Interests, ICU Nurse
DETERMINATION OF LIVABILITY LEVEL OF SOUTH AMERICA COUNTRIES VIA ENTROPY METHOD AND MULTIMOORA METHOD
Authors: YARLIKAŞ Serdar , SONUGELEN Ege
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to determine which of the livability criteria are more important and which of the livability criteria are less important by applying ENTROPY Method and MULTIMOORA Method from multi-criteria decision making methods for South American countries and to determine the livability levels of the countries we have selected. For this purpose, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Uruguay were identified as alternatives. The main performance criteria were determined with the help of literature research for the study. After this stage, the values obtained by these eight countries in the determined criteria were obtained as the secondary data. The criteria that had an impact on the identified alternatives were selected as the Inflation Rate, Gross Domestic Product, Average Academic Year, House Price Income Ratio in Property Prices, Unemployment Rate and Expected Life Expectancy at Birth criteria. In this study, the liveability levels of the countries were determined by using Entropy and MOORA methods as an integrated method. Entropy Method can be evaluated in the category of objective weight calculation methods in the literature. Therefore, since the economic performance criteria and the human development index performance criteria are objective data, it was determined which criteria are important for the livability levels of countries by applying Entropy Method. MULTIMOORA Method is a method used to verify and provide the results of MOORA Methods. Therefore, MULTIMOORA Method was chosen to determine the livability levels of the countries in our study. When Entropy Method was applied to the data, it was observed that Gross Domestic Product was the most important criterion, whereas Price Income Ratio in Property Prices was the least important criterion. After determining the importance levels of the criteria, the livability levels of countries were determined by MULTIMOORA method. According to the results of the method, it was observed that the level of liveability in Brazil is the best and the level of liveability in Uruguay is the lowest. Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods, ENTROPY Method, MOORA Method, MULTIMOORA Approach, Economic Performance Criteria, Human Development Index Performance Criteria
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE BUDGET MANAGEMENT IN THE CASE OF ETHIOPIA'S MINISTRY OF FINANCE
Authors: Gebreyesus Samuel Atsibha
Published: February 2022

Budget is an important component in county government planning and decision making. A budget system that functions well is important to develop sustainable fiscal policies and economic growth. In developing countries, budgetary institutions are in their infancy and are mainly used as tools for legalistic controls and micromanagement. The general objective of the study was to evaluate factors that affect the effectiveness of budget management in the ministry of finance of Ethiopia. To conduct the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from MOF staffs using questionnaire and interviews. SPSS 23 versions were used to analyze the collected data. The findings show that budget experts’ staff competency has strong impact on the budget management, there is a problem with MOF salary scale to attracts and retains qualified and experienced experts. Government budget laws and regulations have significant effect on the government budget management; MOF has weaknesses in updating and revising the budget laws and regulations. Regarding the applications of IFMIS the Ministry prepares and executes the budget using IFMIS; however, it has still a room for the improvement of personnel knowledge & expertise for the effective implementation, operation, & maintenance of IFMIS. MOF should provide trainings on the government budget management, public financial management and government accounting system to the public accounts standing committees of the legislative organs. Key words: Government budget, laws and regulations, IFMIS, staff competency and SPSS
Le parcours de santé en douleur chronique
Authors: Gillet D.
Published: February 2022

Dans le cadre de la refonte du système de santé, la notion de parcours en santé est devenue incontournable. Dans le domaine de la douleur chronique, il s’agit de mettre en œuvre un parcours de santé complexe et coordonné. En effet, les composantes biopsychosociales de la douleur chronique et ses impacts sur la qualité de vie des patients impliquent l’utilisation de thérapies multimodales et la participation de plusieurs professionnels aux compétences et modes d’exercice différents. Il convient donc de trouver des solutions pour coordonner le parcours afin d’obtenir une cohérence des postures diagnostiques et thérapeutiques entre les différents professionnels, pour hiérarchiser les actions àmener et pour rendre lisible à tous les actions mises en œuvre et leurs bénéfices obtenus. La concertation et la formalisation du Projet personnalisé de coordination en santé (PPCS) permettent de répondre à cet objectif.
Étude de l’activité antimicrobienne du Curcuma longa sur le Streptococcus mutans isolé de lésions carieuses
Authors: Allal N. , Didi W. , Hassaine H. , Oudghiri F. , Bouziane D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction : Streptococcus mutans est une bactérie principalement responsable de la maladie carieuse. Sur le plan socioéconomique trouver un moyen simple et peu coûteux s’avère nécessaire. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’effet antibactérien et la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice de la curcumine synthétique et naturelle sur des souches de Streptococcus mutans en mode biofilm.

Matériels et méthodes : La souche de Streptococcus mutans a été isolée à partir de prélèvements salivaires à l’aide d’un kit spécial (CRT Bacteria® d’Ivoclar) au service d’odontologie conservatrice endodontie du CHU de Tlemcen. La détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice a été faite par la technique de dilution en microplaques de 96 puits, avec des dilutions en série double de curcumine synthétique (Sigma- Aldrich, Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) et de curcumine naturelle (curcumine pure à 99 %, origine Inde), préparées dans le Bouillon Cœur-Cervelle® (BHIB) (Conda Pronadisa, Madrid, Spain) jusqu’à un volume final de 100 μl par puits. Puis une observation par un microscope électronique à balayage environnementale a été faite sur des lames de verre immergées dans une suspension de Streptococcus mutans incubées 48 heures à 37 °C et plongées pendant 30 minutes dans une solution de curcumine à sa concentration minimale inhibitrice.

Résultats : La concentration minimale inhibitrice de la curcumine est de 64 μg/ml, et la microscopie électronique à balayage a montré une réduction significative du nombre des souches Streptococcus mutans adhérées.

Conclusion : La curcumine est un agent antibactérien prometteur pour la prévention de la maladie carieuse.
Facteurs maternels de risque de mortalité du nouveau-né à terme au centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio (Togo) de 2013 à 2017
Authors: Segbedji K.A.R. , Tchagbele O.-B. , Takassi O.E. , Ganame L.K.M. , Kombieni K. , Agrigna H. , Talboussouma S.M. , Atakouma Y.D. , Djadou K.E. , Azoumah K.D.
Published: February 2022

Objectif: Évaluer les facteurs liés à la mère dans la mortalité des nouveau-nés à terme au centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio (CHU SO) de Lomé (Togo), afin de contribuer à sa réduction.

Matériel et méthode: Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive et analytique des nouveau-nés nés à terme et décédés au cours de leur hospitalisation, du 1erjanvier 2013 au 31 décembre 2017 au CHU SO. Les principaux paramètres étudiés étaient les données sociodémographiques, obstétricales, cliniques et thérapeutiques.

Résultats: La fréquence hospitalière de la mortalité des nouveau-nés à terme était de 10,3 %, dont 84,4 % en période néonatale précoce. Les facteurs maternels associés au décès néonatal précoce étaient la provenance rurale, le bas niveau d’instruction, la primiparité, le risque infectieux ainsi que l’accouchement par voie basse ou à domicile. Les facteurs maternels protecteurs étaient un antécédent de mortalité néonatale, un liquide amniotique clair et le fait d’accoucher au CHU SO.

Conclusion: La mortalité néonatale reste un problème majeur de santé publique au Togo en lien étroit avec l’état de santé maternel. De très importants efforts restent à faire dans la surveillance et le suivi de la mère en matière d’urgences obstétricales.
Autocracy, Displacement and Struggle for Independence Presented in the Selected Bangladeshi Literary Fiction
Authors: Zubair Hassan Bin , Salim Bakhtawar , Larik Saima
Published: February 2022

This research explores Tahmima Anam’s A Golden Age as political writing in the context of the Bangladesh independence war, depicting an ideological conflict between Bangladesh's social democracy and Pakistani political leaders. Bengali people's participation in social democracy justifies their appeal for social equality and moral responsibility. During the divested civil conflict, they bear witness to physical pain, anxiety, displacement, and psychological fragmentation. Anam represents the traumatized Bangladesh self totally through the ongoing war of Bangladesh. The conflict of Bangladesh implies not only pain, victims, suffering, and struggling but also apparently visible through their persistent creed in social democracy. The major character Rehana becomes a traumatized individual because her life is triggered by traumatic experiences of war devastation in Dhaka thus feels the nightmare horrors of her son, who is involved in the war as a freedom fighter.Similarly, her anxiety, witnessing of destructed scenes, nightmare, and fragmented psychology generate a traumatized individual.
Contemporary Discourse of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: A Critical Study in the light of Iqbal's Perception of Constitutionalism
Authors: Rahman Adnan , Gardazi Syed Mudasser Fida , Khan Nafees Ahmed
Published: February 2022

The analysis of the contemporary discourse of constitutionalism in Pakistan as per the understanding of constitutionalism by Allama Muhammad Iqbal is very important. There has been a longstanding debate in Pakistan between Liberals and Conservatives regarding the nature of the constitution. The vision of Iqbal, as reflected in his lectures and poetry, can be critically analyzed and applied on the existing constitutional challenges of Pakistan. This paper will critically analyze the salient points enunciated by the intellectual work of Iqbal and will also analyze its applicability and relevance with the constitutional framework of Pakistan. The findings of this research work are based on the review of the existing intellectual work of Iqbal. This study suggests concrete reforms in the constitutional structure of Pakistan. This study can be very useful in future deliberations aiming at constitutional reforms in Pakistan in the backdrop political vision of Iqbal and how he understands constitutionalism
Pearls and pitfalls of posterior superior iliac spine reference frame placement for spinal navigation: cadaveric series
Authors: Judy Brendan F. , Soriano-Baron Hector , Jin Yike , Zakaria Hesham M. , Kopparapu Srujan , Hussain Mir , Pratt Connor , Theodore Nicholas
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Navigation and robotics are important tools in the spine surgeon’s armamentarium and use of these tools requires placement of a reference frame. The posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) is a commonly used site for reference frame placement, due to its location away from the surgical corridor and its ability to provide solid fixation. Placement of a reference frame requires not only familiarity with proper technique, but also command of the relevant anatomy.

OBSERVATIONS

Cadaveric analysis demonstrates a significant difference in PSIS location in males versus females, and additionally provides average thickness for accurate placement.

LESSONS

In this technical note, the authors describe the precise technique for PSIS frame placement in addition to relevant anatomy and offer solutions to commonly encountered problems.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Warung Kuliner Menjadi Pupuk Organik di Pantai Depok Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Susanawati  , Rozaki Zuhud , Mulyono
Published: February 2022

Pantai Depok merupakan salah satu pantai yang terkenal di Kabupaten Bantul. Selain keindahan alamnya, di pantai tersebut juga banyak ditemukan warung-warung kuliner yang menjual makanan hasil olahan ikan laut. Banyaknya pengunjung di warung tersebut menyebabkan banyak limbah sisa makanan yang membuat pencemaran lingkungan berupa bau dan kotor. Solusi aplikatif adalah pelatihan dan demonstrasi tentang komposter sederhana merubah limbah makanan menjadi pupuk organik. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan demonstrasi pembuatan pupuk organik. Hasil yang sudah dicapai antara lain pengetahuan mitra tentang limbah dan pupuk organik meningkat, dan mampu mengolah limbah warung kuliner menjadi pupuk organik, baik padat atau cair. Hasil uji laboratorium pada pupuk organik padat memiliki kandungan Nitrogen sangat tinggi mencapai 12,74 persen. Harapannya dengan pemanfaatan limbah warung ini mampu mengatasi masalah lingkungan dan juga bisa meningkatkan ekonomi mitra.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Laut Desa Adat Kedonganan Melalui Solusi Pengelolaan Sampah Menjadi Lampu Hias
Authors: Ni Kadek Cahyani  , Luh Putu Mahyuni
Published: February 2022

Kedonganan Village is a village with a fairly adequate level of infrastructure development. The people of Kedonganan Village are very dependent on tourism activities. In early 2021 the village experienced bad weather conditions. Heavy rainfall that lasted for several days resulted in an increase in the amount of sea water, which in turn caused an increase in the amount of waste shipped to the Kedonganan coast. This community service activity aims to provide shipping waste management solutions with creative ideas. The series of activities begins with observation of the area then a discussion process with relevant stakeholders. Followed by efforts to identify the characteristics and types of waste, checking the volume of waste generated within a certain period of time, then managing wood waste into economic value-added products in the form of decorative lighting furniture products. This service activity succeeded in creating a positive impact in an effort to provide a solution for managing this shipment of waste into creative decorative lighting products with economic value. This activity is expected to trigger other creative ideas from other villagers.
Sistem Penerangan Tenaga Surya di Bank Sampah Berkah Abadi Kelurahan Limbungan
Authors: Setiawan David , Halilintar Masnur Putra , Masrul Wati
Published: February 2022

Bank Sampah Berkah Abadi adalah bank sampah yang dikelola secara mandiri sehingga pengeluaran harus diimbangi dengan omset atau pemasukannya. Biaya listrik yang umumnya digunakan untuk sistem penerangan pada malam hari dirasa cukup besar dengan pendapatan saat ini yang menurun. Penurunan ini diakibatkan oleh perubahan kegiatan pengelolaan dari swakelola sampah menjadi bank sampah. Saat swakelola sampah, pendapatan diterima dari uang kebersihan setiap rumah warga. Selain iuran kebersihan, sampah yang diambil dipilah dan sisanya baru dibuang ke tempat pembuangan akhir sampah. Dari iuran dan penjualan pilahan sampah, kegiatan bank sampah cukup memadai namun dengan keluarnya kebijakan pengelolaan sampah melalui perwako nomor 134 tahun 2018 maka bank sampah berkah abadi tidak lagi melakukan swakelola sampah masyarakat namun berharap dari tabungan sampah yang ditabung masyarakat. Sistem penerangan diperlukan untuk keamanan bank sampah, dimana peralatan kerja dan mesin – mesin berpeluang dicuri sehingga diperlukan penerangan yang cukup pada malam hari. Permasalahannya, biaya listrik yang cukup besar dan pemasukan yang kecil menjadi permasalahan bagi pengelola. Kegiatan pemasangan sistem penerangan bertenaga surya di Bank Sampah Berkah Abadi adalah solusi dari permasalahan mahalnya biaya listrik. Sebelum dilaksanakannya pemasangan sistem penerangan, pengelola mendapatkan pelatihan tentang pembangkit sistem tenaga surya, sistem kelistrikan secara umum dan perawatannya. Kemudian dilakukan pendampingan untuk memastikan pengelola dapat memasang sistem penerangan dengan baik dan benar. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan menganalisa hasil quisioner yang diisi oleh peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan, 8 lampu penerangan yang berdaya 40 watt tidak lagi dihidupkan pada malam hari dan digantikan dengan sistem penerangan bertenaga surya sehingga biaya listrik menjadi murah.
Diversifikasi Lahan Diversifikasi Lahan Marginal Dan Pekarangan Sebagai Solusi Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Tani Di Desa Kamulyan Kecamatan Manonjaya Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Authors: Mutiarasari Nurul Risti
Published: February 2022

Ketahanan pangan didefinisikan sebagai kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi setiap masyarakat yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, merata dan terjangkau. Upaya pemerintah untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan masyarakat telah diupayakan dengan berbagai cara antara lain dengan melaksanakan konsep pemanfaatan lahan marginal maupun pekarangan baik di desa maupun diperkotaan dengan memberdayakan potensi lokal. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Skema Ketahanan Pangan yang dilaksanakan di Desa Kamulyan Kecamatan Manonjaya Kabupaten Tasikmalaya adalah mensosialisasikan cara mengoptimalkan lahan marginal dan pekarangan dengan sistem pertanian terpadu melalui konsep diversifikasi tanaman kepada anggota kelompok tani yang berada di Desa Kamulyan sebagai sasaran atau pemanfaat kegiatan agar dapat memanfaatkan potensi lahan tersebut sebagai salah satu sumber penghasil pangan keluarga tani untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah penyuluhan dengan pedekatan ceramah dan diskusi, serta pembuatan demonstrasi plot (demplot) sebagai percontohan. Pemanfaatan lahan oleh petani belum dilaksanakan secara kontinyu dan maksimal hal tersebut disebabkan : (1) terkendala pemeliharaan pada tanaman khususnya pada musim kemarau, karena kesulitan air,penggunaan pupuk belum maksimal, hanya menggunakan pupuk jika ada kelebihan pupuk dari pertanaman di sawah untuk tanaman padi atau mendong, (2) benih untuk komoditas sayuran tertentu masih harus dibeli dari pasar, (3) gangguan tanaman oleh ternak unggas (ayam, bebek), karena sistem lepas pada pemeliharaan ternak unggas.  Masih diperlukan adanya bimbingan praktis khususnya dalam pembuatan pupuk dari limbah/sampah rumah tangga.
The EMPOWERMENT OF IIK KENDENGLEMBU THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF CHOCOLATE PACKAGE AS INGREDIENTS FOR MAKING TRADITIONAL SCRUB
Authors: Ayu Purwaningtyas  , Yustita Aprilia Divi , Rahimi Riza
Published: February 2022

Kendenglembu Glenmore Farm is a cocoa producing area in Banyuwangi. This plantation is managed by BUMN, namely PTPN XII. One of the results of cocoa processing is in the form of cocoa powder which is marketed through a variety of foods and beverages. These various foods and beverages are partly managed through IIK Kendneglemembu, hereinafter referred to as PKM partners. In the production process, it produces a by-product in the form of waste commonly known as chocolate cake. The properties contained in it are able to ward off free radicals which are very beneficial for the skin. Seeing this content, to add value to the chocolate cake, it is converted into a scrub. The scrub is made traditionally with the aim of protecting the skin from harmful chemicals. This PKM activity by the Poliwangi Lecturer Team was able to produce processed products from chocolate cake in the form of a traditional scrub which was packaged under the name Srikandi Lulur Traditional. This result is able to add to the list of processed variants that are very useful for partners.
The strategic ability of flipped learning in teaching some units of the ways of teaching and investing
Authors:   Soran University, Karim Alan Pshtiwan
Published: February 2022

Abstract This paper aims to expose the recognition of learning strategy reflexed, which has a role to play in educational processes. The benefits and challenges of the technology and knowledge abundance in educating students were disclosed as well. The impact of introducing technology and information richness on students' ability and self-study abilities was also analyzed. The semi-experimental procedure was used to compare the experimental and control classes (12 students); the control group was taught using the conventional approach, while the experimental group's teaching was based on the Reflex Learning Method. A multiple regression analysis was used to show statistical differences in the average values of the dependent variables between the two classes. Educators' positions in students' lives and the resulting student investment. The findings showed that the experimental community was more effective in the mediation of selection and the expenditure of its schooling.
Kurdistan Region and Syria: The Problem of Relations (1992-2020)
Authors:   International Relations Department, College of Political Science, Salahaddin University, Ahmed Zubair Rasool , Esmail Zhilia Sherzad
Published: February 2022

Abstract Despite the political, geographical, and security relations that links Syria and KRG, Damascus always have had an impact on the Kurdish political movements in other parts of Kurdistan. This research examines the foundation of Syria-KRG relations from 1992 onwards. In order to explore the extent of these relations, Regional Security Complex theory has been adopted which considers the Kurdistan Region as a security threat to Syria. Also the method applied by Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Raymond A. Hinnebusch (1997), (Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System) is utilized to understand Syria’s interventionist behavior in the Kurdistan Region, which considers the Syrian insecure state system as a major drive behind Syrian state behavior. This study has concluded that the Syria-KRG relations could be classified into three stages. The first stage includes the pre 1992 era, which Syria viewed Iraqi Kurds as a political card against Saddam’s Ba’ath regime in Iraq. However, on the second stage (1992-2003) Syria was very careful and skeptical to make political relations with KRG, the relations at this stage were mostly focused on the trade sector. At this stage Syrian regime tried to benefit from Iraqi Kurds economically. While from 2003 onwards Syrian regime saw KRG as a security threat to Kurdish minority in Syria. It can be argued that from 2011 onwards there have been very limited relation with Syrian regime, because of the Syrian crisis which isolated Syrian regime from international community. However, in this stage KRG has focused on relations with the Syrian Kurds (Rojava), which so far is mostly a mere reflection of the KDP-PKK rivalry in the region.
FGM in light of law and human rights: an Islamic vision
Authors:   College of Islamic Science, Salahaddin university - Erbil, Esmail Ardawan MUstafa , Hamadamin Edris Qadr
Published: February 2022

Abstract This paper sought to elucidate the most prominent international and regional conventions and treatis regarding female circumcision. Then, it clarified the position of positive laws on female circumcision and made clear that statutory legislation criminalized female circumcision within the penal code. Statutory laws have defined various penalties for performing FGM, including financial (compensation), and deprivation of liberty, with imprisonment for a period of time. As for Islamic law, it did not specify a specific penalty for one who performs female circumcision, but rather included it among the discretionary penalties that are determined by the legislative or judicial authority according to the circumstances of the circumcised. When you meditate on the verses of the Noble Quran you find that they preceded those treaties and laws in the prohibition of all that was more harm than benefit.
The poetry of teaching poetry as an experience in Kurdish literature
Authors:   Kurdish Department, College of Languages, Salahaddin University, Omar Mohsin Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Abstract The main theme of this research discusses the poetic of didactic poetry in Kurdish literature. We try to enhance the Kurdish experience in this field, specifically the place didactic poetry in this kind of literature. It dates back to the preceding centuries. In this research, we attempt to answer several essential questions which are deeply addressed, such as: what is didactic poetry? Is it a separate literary genre or is it a kind of poetry? We compare this Kurdish experience to that of the Greco-French. In the last chapter we try to determine the poetic characteristic of this kind of poetry, by asking an urgent question. What is the use of this kind of poetry today? Is it still productive or is it some sort of old-fashioned poetry?
IMPLIKASI PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH SERENTAK SEBAGAI PERWUJUDAN DEMOKRASI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Febri Handra Aqri
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous Pilkada in 2020 should be used as the beginning for quality democracy. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused several changes in the implementation of regional elections, in accordance with KPU Decree Number: 179/PL.02-kpt/01/KPU/III/2020 concerning Postponing the Stages of Elections for Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayor and Deputy Mayor in 2020 in Efforts to Prevent the Spread of Covid-19. These regulations, among others, regulate the postponement of the 2020 Pilkada stages in several parts, such as the inauguration and tenure of the Voting Committee (PPS), verification of the support requirements of individual candidates, the formation of a Voter Data Update Officer (PPDP) and the implementation of matching and research (coklit), as well as updating and preparation of voter lists. Analysis and discussion of the results obtained the following answers: (a) The implications of implementing simultaneous regional head elections as a manifestation of democracy during the Covid 19 pandemic in Pesisir Selatan Regency, namely increasing voter participation in the 2020 Pilkada compared to the 2015 Pilkada. The next implication is the emergence of disputes over the results of the vote in the election. (b) Obstacles in the implementation of simultaneous regional head elections as a manifestation of democracy during the Covid 19 pandemic in Pesisir Selatan Regency, namely the non-neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in organizing the Pilkada by committing violations at several stages of the election
A Methodology to Calculate the Non-Supplied Energy Level in Distribution Grids With Radial Structure
Authors: Niño Calleja Santos Daniel , Palombi Gómez Juan Camilo
Published: February 2022

The distribution agents of electrical energy have a commitment with the end customers to comply with certain reliability indices in order to guarantee the quality of the service they provide, among these, one of the most important is to maintain continuity in the electrical supply. This article presents a methodology with a possible application to real electrical distribution systems for calculating the level of unserved energy through the use of the concepts of operational zones and unavailability, through the analysis of failures in each of the different lines. and subsequent outages that occur in the test system. Different scenarios and configurations are evaluated by varying the position of reclosers and fuses in order to present the results and the corresponding conclusions.
Artificial intelligence in the workplace : How should moral and legal issues be addressed?
Authors: Arifin Saru
Published: February 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a new method for efficiently and cost-effectively assisting human activities as  science and technology have progressed in the fourth  industrial revolution. It has been argued that Artificial  Intelligence works in two ways. It can both create and eliminate jobs. Based on present technological capabilities,  AI has sparked speculative discussions concerning its  implications for morality and law. This article argues that AI  is a technological advancement that will help businesses  grow in the fourth industrial revolution. The controller determines its effects hence it can be put to either good or  bad use. As a result, for AI to benefit the prosperity and  well-being of humanity to the greatest degree, morals must be embedded in its use, and the law must be enacted to  ensure that human commitment to using AI wisely in business processes is consistent.
A Structural Equation Modeling to Explain Marital Burnout: Pornography Consumption and Perfectionism With the Mediating Role of Sexual Self-concept
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Minoosepehr Sepideh , Karbalaei Mohammad Meyguni Ahmad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Nikoogoftar Mansooreh ,   Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Gholamali Lavasani Masoud Gholamali Lavasani ,   Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Objective: With the development of technology and easy access to various contents in the Internet, pornography consumption, along with individual characteristics, can be one of the factors affecting couples’ relationships. This study aimed to assess the role of pornography consumption and sexual perfectionism with the mediating role of sexual self-concept on marital burnout among university students in Iran. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population consisted of married students of Islamic Azad University, of which 210 answered online to Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI), the Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ), multidimensional sexual perfectionism questionnaire (MSPQ), and couple burnout measure. The PCI and MSSCQ questionnaires were translated into Persian for the first time and used after confirming their validity and reliability. Correlation coefficients (using SPSS software v. 26) and path analysis (using LISREL statistical software) were used to investigate the variables of the couple burnout prediction model. Results: Based on the study results, positive sexual self-concept was not related to marital burnout. However, negative self-concept was positively related to marital burnout. There was no direct relationship between pornography and marital burnout, but there is a positive relationship with the mediating role of negative sexual self-concept. Sexual perfectionism was positively associated with marital burnout. Negative sexual self-concept also mediates between sexual perfectionism and marital burnout. Conclusion: The results indicated that high sexual perfectionism was associated with higher marital burnout and individual with negative sexual self-concept under the influence of pornography and high sexual perfectionism were more prone to marital burnout.