bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Different Type of MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic System
Authors:   M.E. Electrical, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India, Chitransh Apar , Kumar Mr. Sachin ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
Published: January 2022

We know that sun is the only sources which is available free of cost in our environment for the PV module. when the sun strikes in to the PV cell it converts to the electrical energy. Now a days to fulfill the requirement of energy the solar energy plays a main role of that. But some time this solar energy is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement than some time we use the MPPT techniques which is increase the power generation and main advantage of this techniques is that this is work in any climate. The full form of MPPT is MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER. It gets the maximum power from the available PV unit and it is not depending upon the any environmental conditions. In this paper we discuss in detail the several abilities that how they get the maximum power point and system convergence, efficiency and cost of implementation. In this paper we show that all type pf MPPT techniques.
Assessment of NEWMAP Effects on Gully Erosion Control and Environmental Development over South East, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Project Management Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria., E.N Oyati , A.F. Lawal ,   Department of Project Management Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria., O.J Ojo ,   Department of Project Management Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

The potential impacts of gully erosion over South Eastern Nigeria are a worrisome scenario. It has resulted in the displacement of millions of habitats, agricultural, and economic losses. The result of the effect of Nigerian Erosion Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) monitoring and evaluation on the effect of gully erosion on economic development in this study has revealed a positive significant influence at P < 0.05 over the study region. Also, it is revealed that NEWMAP programmes have significantly covered some constructions of hydraulic structures for flood routing and soil erosion control in South East, Nigeria. This intervention has significantly reduced the rate of land degradation occasioned by soil erosion, protection of watershed and agricultural land, which has thus been responsible for improved agricultural production. In conclusion, it is imperative to conduct periodic monitoring and evaluation of the activities of NEWMAP to building a strong evidence-based mechanism that enhances assessment of the diverse range of intervention projects on the dwellers of South-East extraction.
Green Spaces Availability versus Accessibility: Case of Okhla, South Delhi
Authors:   Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India ., Saba Bushra
Published: January 2022

Green spaces are inevitable for people to live and grow. These spaces form an ambit for interaction with nature and people from myriad groups. This paper examines the availability of such spaces in ward no. 102S and 101S of South Delhi and the resident’s accessibility to these spaces. The green cover available per person in Sarita Vihar is 14.645 Sq m/Person which fulfils the URDPFI and WHO guidelines in contrary to 3.969 Sq m/Person for Abul fazal enclave. The Public parks are located towards the periphery in Sarita Vihar, more than the walking distance of 400m. 1 public park exists in Abul Fazal Enclave toward the extreme periphery accessible with a ticket of Rs 30 for the adults. It concludes giving possible recommendations at a micro level for better allocation of green spaces based on factors of density and context of the settlement
Economic Development of Rural India Through Establishment of Agri-Tech Park
Authors:   Départment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India., Rana Rayisha , Rana Kusum ,   Department of Home Science, Principal Extension Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhajjar, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India., Chhabra Gunjan ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Systemics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: January 2022

India has always been on the top spot in terms of tourism and has attracted domestic and foreign tourists throughout the year. India is the land of farmers, has a rich and diverse culture and is best known for its hospitality. Tourism has become a source of income for many people, therefore it’s time to connect tourism along with agriculture to enhance the income of Indian farmers. Indian farmers generally face a lot of issues related to their income; hence numerous suicide cases have been registered in the past. The objective of this research paper is to provide a solution for the farmers by introducing Agri- tourism Technology Park. Agri-tourism offers the domestic and foreign tourists an opportunity to connect with the heritage, providing a hands-on-experience, showcasing the rich biodiversity, local food products, handicrafts and culture. On the other hand, the amalgamation of technology can provide smooth and secure tourism experience for the visitors. This Park includes an agricultural patch of about 5 acres, earmarked to cater the needs of Rabi and Kharif crops. Latest agricultural crop growing techniques like vertical farming using 70% less water than traditional farming. Hydroponic system for demonstrating these techniques to Agri- tech park visitors to acquaint them with futuristic farming operations. Aquaponic solar greenhouse will be established for growing vegetables and medicinal plants. A space of about 1 acre shall be delineated for a cattle farm that would be used to rear different breeds of cows like Sahiwal and Hariana and buffalo breeds like Murrah and Nili Ravi. Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence techniques will be employed for monitoring cattle feed, nutrition and milk processing and general well-being of animals. Re – circulatory Aqua culture system will be used for high density stocking of fish in a smaller space. Interactive virtual field trips and activities will be offered in a variety of themes that would give information on the importance of plants, various cropping techniques, role of insects and the feeding and living pattern of animals, fish bees etc. The establishment of an Agri-tourism technology park at Amritsar district of Punjab has been planned with a focus on the sustainable development of human environment in and around the region.
Good Governance Combination of Local Governance and E-Governance: A Conceptual Framework
Authors:   Department of Management Studies, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India., Shyamala Dr. D.
Published: January 2022

Our nation has the longest written constitution but the implementation of the Local Governance has been transferred and their efficiency has properly monitored or rectified by the state and central government. This is conceptual research has been done in the implementation process. This research mainly focused on quality of life. The Lack of Implementation process is connected with resource exploitation. Resource exploitation has two type’s human resource exploitation and natural resource exploitation. The directly three systems are connected with sustainable development but overall development left without because of bureaucratic, social leaders, and Knowledgeable people this research is not critical research but this research has a starting point for many reformations. This concept has defined implementation process is not based on rule of law it should be considered by social issues and clearly instructing for the proper implementation process and reduce the level exploitation and monitoring the unethical professionals and their rectification processing time will be less. This concept has separated no proper implementation process and improper implementation and analyzing the important factors for the proper implementation process. The factors like misuse of power and inefficiency should not affect the proper implementation process. The result of the lack of implementation process is organized resource exploitation. This plan will reduce the worst handling of decentralization process may be a strong reason for the lack of implementation process will directly connect with the organized resource exploitation. This research focusing on the efficiency and equity of the governance strongly insisted people should train by the local governance free from favoritism, partial’s and nepotism, thisplanhas look into transforming the local governance. It will solve prolonging and procrastination in their issues It will reduce the organized crime result of lack of implementation process. Identify the exploiter or victim. The idea will combine the education system Social system and governance syste into one roof. To analyze all type of social issues and protect the weaker section.
Implication of Mining to Health in Maiganga Coal Mine, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Yaba., C.O*. Engr. Amosu
Published: January 2022

Operations of mining are large industrial scale in nature, with significant environmental impacts. The mining industry generates and produces wastes containing high concentrations of metals and metalloids which are highly toxic and destructive to the immediate landscape and environment. In addition, the continued use of the traditional methods of mining intensifies the emission of toxic and products that are not friendly to the ecosystem.. Even regulated and controlled mining sites release toxins into the surrounding environment. While mining has prospects and benefits to the economy, both in terms of its own economic impact and the value to other industries of its product, it almost always has adverse environmental impacts and eventually health impacts. There are numerous ways in which mines impact the health of nearby environments and local communities. Mining involves some generally standard processes and practices. This paper considers the effects and harm done to living things around the mine location. By understanding mining’s threats to health and long-term well-being and by taking precautions to reduce harm in all mines, miners and other people in mining communities can better protect their health and improve their lives. This research will address questions like: which are the toxic substances causing health problems in Maiganga Coal Mine? What is the challenging impact of toxic substances in Maiganga coal Mine?
Consequence of oil and Waste Spills on the Environment of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Yaba., C.O*. Engr. Amosu , T.A. Adeosun ,   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Yaba.
Published: January 2022

environmental degradation of the oil-rich niger delta region has been wanton and continuous with dire health, social and economic consequences for its peoples, for over three decades. Oil exploration and exploitation is very lucrative, and a major revenue earner in nigeria. But, like most industrial activities, it produces environmental hazards that are “slow poisons,” in that they often take months and years to cause disease and death. This is unlike the contamination of water, food, and the environment with micro-organisms, which immediately results in ill health. The covert and slow action of the hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation make it difficult to fully appreciate their contribution to the disease burden in nigeria, especially in the oil-bearing communities, even with the emergence of non-communicable diseases as major causes of ill health in nigeria. This paper addresses questions like: what challenges and impact will ogoniland face concerning spillage of oil and other wastes on its environment (water, vegetation, aquatic lifes, people and socio-economic lifes? Which are the spillage control measures to be adopted in ogoniland to obtain best production culture and consideration? It discusses the trend of oil spillage problem and possible antidote to it in the niger delta part of nigeria.
Dusts Control operations in Ririwai Mines, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Yaba., C.O. Engr. Amosu
Published: January 2022

Respirable dust is everywhere (in the surface and underground mine) operations and its environs. Ririwai Tin mine is laden with dust of metallic particles of Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). These particles are also found in the soil. Continuous inhalation of dust could lead to irreversible diseases. This paper addresses the control of dust, using previous review of prevailing metallic concentrates. This research answers questions like which are the dust control strategies to be adopted by Ririwai tin mine to obtain best practice? What challenges will Ririwai tin mine face when applying dust control methods in their operation? What is the impact of dust laden with metallic particles on soil, water, vegetation and man in Ririwai tin mine?
Reward Management Strategies and Employee Satisfaction in the Colleges of Kathmandu Valley
Authors:   Associate Professor, Nepal Commerce Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Upadhyay Jitendra Prasad , Adhikari Pitri Raj ,   Lecturer, Shanker Dev Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Published: January 2022

Background: Educational institutions set up a reward management system with the hope that it makes the employees perform their activities to the satisfaction of all concerned stakeholders. However, there are many contradictions and complaints about the performance of employees in colleges, compelling the undertaking the studies. Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of reward management strategies on employee satisfaction in colleges of Kathmandu valley. Methods: This paper uses a questionnaire survey method of 300 respondentsof different 30 colleges/campuses of Kathmandu valley and descriptive statistics and multiple regression models are used to analyze the data. Results: The beta coefficients are positive and significant for promotion, compensation, recognition, learning opportunities, and career development opportunity with employee satisfaction which indicates these variables have a positive impact on employee satisfaction. Conclusion: It is found that reward management is positively related to employee satisfaction and it is a powerful motivational factor that leads to job satisfaction. Implications: College management including universities may focus on identifying better reward management strategies to motivate the employees to enhance better productivity.
Sovereign Wealth Fund’s (Swf) Increasing Role as Bank Capital Provider to Indian Banks
Authors:   Ph. D Dean, State Bank Institute of Leadership (SBIL), Kolkata, India., Kumar Narayanan Krishna
Published: January 2022

Effective advertising is crucial for the company in influencing their customers to buy their products. Since advertising is the primary way in which the company communicates with its customers, it is an area of significance for companies to focus on. In spite of numerous theoretical and empirical studies that examine celebrity endorsement on purchase intention, a more comprehensive model is required. It is in the light of this I developed Fit-for-Purpose comprising of identification, internalization and fitness dimensions, which are proposed to be strong predictors of purchase intention. The study was based on literature review. The researcher recommended and concluded that firms must keep in mind that celebrity endorsements cannot take the place of robust brand building processes. As a result, marketers should make sure that the brand being endorsed and the endorser (local or international, celebrity type, etc.) are a good match, so that the endorsements will positively influence customers’ thinking processes and generate a positive impression.
Evaluation of Implementation of Quality Methodologies in the Engineering Institute of UABC in Mexicali
Authors:   Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México., Bernal Olivia Yessenia Vargas , Salas Benjamin Valdez ,   Institutode de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México., Beltrán Mónica Carrillo ,   Institutode de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México., Guerrero Aida Lopez ,   Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México., Fong Luz del Consuelo Olivares ,   Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México.
Published: January 2022

This work describes an analysis of the implementation of quality methodologies that generated an improvement in the research, development and teaching activities of the Engineering Institute of Autonomous University of Baja California (EI-AUBC), located in the city of Mexicali. These methodologies are widely used in the industrial sector to prevent accidents, reduce waste, and eliminate rework and to training of workers in any area in the industries. Only that its applications are very little known in the Laboratories of Higher Education Institutions (LHEI) of the Mexican Republic. With this scientific study the results of the investigation activities were more reliability to be take adequate decisions and were made functions with more security taking care of health of researchers and students. The investigation was made in 2019. Keywords: Educational institution, investigation activities, methodologies quality.
Uttarakhand Gramin Banks’ Services on Rural Economic Development in Uttarakhand with Reference to Dehradun
Authors:   Department of Commerce, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India., Uniyal Dr. Amit Kumar , Prasad Mr. Ravi ,   Department of Law, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
Published: January 2022

From its origins in the 18th century, the Indian banking sector has come a long way. The financial revolution resulted in the introduction of ATMs, debit and credit cards, NEFT, RTGS, and internet banking, among other things. However, technological developments around the world have put pressure on the banking sector to use better technology. This paper focuses on Uttarakhand Gramin Banks’ innovative banking services and its efforts made in uplifting the rural economy in Dehradun region of Uttarakhand. The study aims to investigate the effect of emerging technology on rural customer’s satisfaction level and the growth of the rural economy in the Dehradun area. Primary data was collected from the banks’ customers and analyzed, yielding substantial results on the subject. The result shows that customers are not satisfied to an extent with the services of this bank and its efforts in enhancing the rural economy .The rural banks needs to enhance its services in terms of quality and provide effective banking services for rural development.
Quantity Surveying Profession and Its Prospects in Nigeria
Authors:   Lecturer and Head, Department of Quantity Surveying, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria., E.F Uwadia , D.D.M Usman ,   Lecturer, Department of Quantity Surveying, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria., M.I Amiebenomo ,   Lecturer, Department of Quantity Surveying, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria., S.O Sumanu ,   Lecturer, Department of Quantity Surveying, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the prospects of the Quantity Surveying profession in Nigeria. The study identified and evaluated the level of performance of the identified functions performed by the quantity surveyors in the Nigerian Construction industry. The study reveals that there is a high level of performance of the basic functions of the quantity surveyors which include feasibility and viability studies, contract documentation, life cycle costing, preliminary cost advice, etc. The study also examined the factors militating against the effective performance of the quantity surveyor’s functions in the Nigerian Construction industry. The study identified and presented some possible factors militating against the performance of Quantity Surveying functions and some anticipated measures to enhance the quantity Surveying profession for evaluation by the respondents using structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS version 23 using frequencies and mean item scores. The study revealed some major factors militating against the effective performance of the quantity surveying profession in the Nigerian Construction industry like widespread corruption in Nigeria with a mean score of 4.53, obsolete curriculum and inadequacy in modern equipment with a mean score of 4.41, professional rivalry from kindred profession with a mean score of 4.35, level of adoption of UT with mean a score of 4.32, and inadequacies in academic and professional training with a mean score of 4.18 among others. The study equally revealed some important measures requiring implementation to enhance the quantity of Surveying profession in Nigeria like a clear delineation in professional functions in the construction industry to curb professional rivalry with a mean score of 4.35, reviewing the curriculum of Tertiary Institutions with a mean score of 4.24, improving professional skills through continuing professional development with a mean score of 4.15, improving technological applications in the execution of Quantity Surveying functions with a mean score of 3.91 and professional certification in specialized areas with a mean score of 3.85.
ARM Microcontroller Based Wireless Industrial Automation System
Authors:   M.E. Electrical, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India., Chitransh Apar , Kalyan Birinderjit Singh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
Published: January 2022

In modern era most of the work being completed by the new and advanced various technology. Most of the industries are being run on the robotics technologies. But in INDIA most of the company are running in various technologies as like embedded system, plc, Arduino for sensing the alcohol detection and gas detection system and most important thing microcontroller. In this paper we discuss the ARM microcontroller based wireless industrial automation system. This automation consists the coordinator module and sensor module. In which one module is connected with the monitoring computer that is called the coordinator module and for connecting with the monitor of the computer it is also called the centralized unit. And the sensor module is an ARM microcontroller for a monitoring and controlling the whole plant. The coordinator unit main work is to collects the all type of data from the sensor module and provide that information to the IP network. For better communication between these two modules, we use the best technology is ZIGBEE technology. Its main work to preset the changing and control the plant various parameter. ARM microcontroller using the embedded c language coding. This paper we do the deeply study about the ARM microcontroller and about the wireless industrial automation system and the term of ZIGBEE technology.
RFID-Based Digital Door Locking System
Authors:   Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna (MP), India., Soni Shubham , Soni Rajni ,   Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna (MP), India., Waoo Akhilesh A. ,   Associate Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna (MP), India.
Published: January 2022

This is an IoT-enabled RFID-based door locking gadget. This door lock system will know how long the door is open and in this door lock system, only those people who register will be able to enter using their card. It uses a servo motor that operates with the help of Arduino. The Arduino board runs with complete programming that is stored inside it. By using this gadget, an owner can track his office and the place where he wants to let the specific people in. It is also very secure. RFID Module, LCD Display Red and Green and Yellow LED Light and Buzzer have also been used in this door lock system. When the door is locked, the yellow LED will be on and when the door lock is open, the green led light will turn on. The Red LED work will alert you that your card is wrong.
High Pressure and High Temperature Wells Cementation using Calcium Oxide Additives: Review
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba., C.O. Amosu
Published: January 2022

The challenges created by HPHT conditions make drilling and cementing difficult. The overwhelming challenge stands for materials used for wells operated at higher temperature and pressures in the face of producing downhole. There is need for better choice of cement for cementing operations during development and production of wells. The review method is adopted in this article considering Calcium Oxide which poses as good cement expander. In this paper, a broad overview of the fundamental understanding and use of calcium oxide as additive is considered for cementation of HPHT production wells will be discussed.
Effects of Noise and Control in Mine Operation
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria., C.O. Amosu
Published: January 2022

Noise and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in the workplace is a serious issue. Not only can it affect hearing, it can also affect ability to work safely. This is because noises make it difficult to hear instructions or safety warnings. Mine workers each have a responsibility for safety in relation to noise. This paper informs underground and surface mine operators and mine workers to recognise, manage and control risks associated with occupational noise exposure. It explains the health effects of noise, source and noise exposure types; measurement of exposure standards and control measures that can reduce these risks.
Analysis of Concrete Block by Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, LPU Jalandhar, India., Khanduri Vidya Sagar , Sharma Shivek ,   MTech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, LPU Jalandhar, India.
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research is to enhance the properties of concrete by using Fly Ash as a partial substitution of concrete. Tests carried out on cement are Initial and Final setting time and on aggregates, specific gravity and sieve analysis. The mean target strength with given compressive strength at 28 day and quality control level is calculated. Concrete blend proportions for the first tryout mix is calculated and casting of cube of 15mm size with curing for 28 days, and then test for strength using UTM/CTM machines. C-S-H gel as well as Calcium hydroxide as bi product when reacts with water. C-S-H gel has an ability to keep the ingredients together by making a proper bond whereas lime which is freely available can react with atmospheric moisture and cause efflorescence. In such cases if we use fly ash, it reacts with free lime and produces C-SH gel again and water as bi product. We have used Fly ash as a partial replacement of cement with variation of fly ash in percentage. In this study fly ash add in increment of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% replacement of cement which has shown satisfactory results in the strength of the concrete. Fly Ash improved the workability of the concrete, decreases the bleeding, surface finish and increases the cohesiveness. Compressive strength is comparatively increased. The initial strength of concrete with fly ash has lower strength but acquires higher strength after 56 days; which shows that more the nos. of curing days more will be the strength. Thus, it can be used in areas of construction such as dams, pavements etc.
Geopolymer Concrete: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech, Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi college of Engineering, Warangal, 506005, Telangana, India, Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Geopolymer Concrete is a new innovative type of concrete, and it is used widely in the construction industries. This type of concrete comes into place due to reduced cement content usage in the construction of structures. Already we are using cement as a binding material widely in the construction sector, but the problem is due to the cement content Co2 emissions are mainly produced and one more problem is greenhouse gases are increasing rapidly during the manufacturing of cement. Then after a lot of researchers, finally we got a geopolymer as a replacement for cement. By replacing cement content with geopolymer, we can reduce the cost of construction and reuse the structural materials. So, this type of concrete is different from standard conventional concrete. We can minimize Co2 and greenhouse gases’ problem in the atmosphere and make the structure an environmentally friendly solution. So, this type of concrete is very famous in the construction industry, and there are benefits also excellent. So, it can be used widely in construction sectors worldwide. This paper may help understand Geopolymer Concrete for everyone quickly. It gives a quick review of the Geopolymer Concrete.
Slope and Landslide Stabilization: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech, Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi college of Engineering, Warangal, 506005, Telangana, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Slope stabilization is the one of important fundamental aspect for preventing landslides. For a safer design of the structure, slope stabilization is very important. There are various studies conducted on slope stabilization and landslide mitigation. Geotechnical Engineers and Structural Engineers play an important role in analyzing and designing slope stabilization and landslide mitigation and prevention. This study is also helpful for the design of slopes. The study also helps for quick assessment of slopes. This paper also explained stabilization methods and techniques for slope. This study is also helpful in improving the shear strength of the slope of soil. This paper helps to understand basic knowledge on slope stabilization and landslides for every Engineer easily.
Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete
Authors:   Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, 506005, Telangana, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

The sum of CO2 that has been released into the atmosphere is roughly equal to the amount of cement produced. Cement manufacturing now consumes many natural resources and cement substitute materials in the analysis of Micro Structural Properties of Ternary Blended Concrete. The mixed proportion in this analysis is made of M30 Concrete. The cement is substituted with a mixture of two materials in amounts ranging from 10% to 50%. For the mix of materials, Fly Ash is kept constant. The specimen is a 150mmx150mmx150mm cube, and the concrete is cast in a 150mmx300mm cylinder. The cast specimens are held for 28 days to cure. Compressive and split tensile strength tests are used to achieve the results. The combination at 10%, at 20%, at 20%, and 20% produced better strength results in all proportions from 10% to 50%. Besides, scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to understand better phase changes and the formation of microstructures to maturing the combination of materials at various percentages. SEM was used to evaluate the microstructure of the concrete for five different varieties, which helps with solid growth. With the highest compressive strength gained among all the mixes from 10% to 50% with combinations for M30 grade of concrete at 28 days, significant innovative information on particle shape and microstructure was observed. Via SEM study, a good correlation of this Microscopical quantitative knowledge and material properties is also presented.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Concrete
Authors:   M.Tech Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Foamed concrete is a special type of concrete and it can be used widely in construction of reinforced concrete structures. this study is very helpful for understanding about foamed concrete and mechanical properties of foamed concrete. Lot of researches are going on concrete material and finally we got foamed concrete. It has lot of advantages compared to conventional concrete. Fluidity and Flowability is very good in the foam concrete. It can be used for low cost of construction of structures. It has high properties and advantages compared to conventional concrete. Manufacturing and Production of poly urethane is very simple and easy. because of their low density it can be used for low-cost construction works. Weight of the concrete is also less compared to other conventional concrete.
Importance and Applications of GIS in Engineering
Authors:   M.Tech Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Site selection is very important for any construction of structure and management. The appropriate site selection gives very good life and durability to the structure. Site selection is also improving quality of the structure and life of the structure. So, site selection is very important in of structures. In this, Geographic information system is a tool used for site selection of structure. Geographic information system is used to analyses and manipulate the spatially referenced data. It is also known as remotely sensed data or information. Geographic information system is giving a better output with in short period of time. So Geographic information system is most widely used now a days around the world. In recent developments attribute data are analysis by using Geographic information system. The selection of site depends on soil conditions, environmental conditions, weathering agencies etc. so proper planning and design of site selection is very important to make a structure in long life and increase the life span of the structure
Pervious Concrete: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Pervious Concrete is a new type of concrete used widely in the construction industry. It has good physical and also mechanical properties, and it gives good strength. It is used mainly in the water management of the system. So, by using this application, concrete is very famous. There are many advantages to using pervious concrete, and compared to regular conventional concrete, it has some special properties. The special property of permeability. In this transfer or transmission of air or water into the soil or system. This paper author mainly explains the importance and uses, and advantages of Pervious Concrete and explained the Materials used for pervious concrete. This type of concrete is firstly used in Europe afterward, and it can be widely used as construction materials for structures. This paper may help understand Transparent Concrete for everyone easily. It gives a quick review of the Pervious Concrete.
Mechanistic Analysis of Rigid Pavement for Wheel Load Stresses By Finite Element Method Considering Different Sub-Grade with Different Percentage of Metal Fibre
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Technocrat Institute of Technology, Bhopal Pin Code, 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India., Khan Mohd. Imran , Khan Dr. Ahmad Ali ,   Civil Engineering Department, All Saints College of Engineering, Bhopal, Pin code 462036, Madhya Pradesh, India., Yadav Dr. Shalini ,   Civil Engineering Department, Aisect University, Bhopal Pin code 464993,Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2022

In the present work, analysis of concrete pavements using ANSYS software has been attempted. ANSYS is a finite element method-based software. The concrete slab has been modeled with solid 45 brick element and spring elements for soil. Analysis was carried out for a wide range of load and slab soil combination. The soil as “Winkler type” represented by elastic springs and their stiffness was derived from modulus of sub-grade reaction. The influence of any particular base or sub base on edge stresses was not studied here. The model will be then subjected to number of varying input parameters like the change in the thickness of pavement slab, sub-grade material to winkler foundation, modulus of elasticity by adding metal chips in different percentage like 10%, 20%, 30% and also intensity of loads. It is aimed to compare the stresses of the model study with classical approach of Westergaards and IRC 58- 2002 method. Westergaards equation under estimate edge wheel load stresses when compared with those obtained from ANSYS. For generating the charts, edge loading condition was considered which is critical case for wheel load stresses. Also, it was aimed to compare the results with those given by IRC 58 – 2002 design charts. Design charts were developed in thesis work yield the same value of pavement thickness as that of IRC 58 – 2002 method.
Implementation of Linear and Nonlinear circuits using Operational Transconductance Amplifier
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, University College of Engineering Kakinada, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India., Krishna B.T.
Published: January 2022

This paper describes implementation of CMOS based linear and non-linear analog circuitsusing operational trans conductance amplifier as the basic element. These circuits have their applications in communication and signal processing areas. In this work PSPICE is used for the simulation of various analog circuits. The corresponding results are presented.
Utilization of Arduino Control in Mitigating the Hybrid Harmonics of DC/AC Inverter
Authors:   Assistant Professor – EEE, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology,Vallioor., Priya N. Amutha
Published: January 2022

This Paper deals with the implementation of Harmonics distortion in distribution system by using the method of hybrid of active filter and passive filters. The active filter is used to reduce the distortion present in the output. Boost converter is used to increase the voltage level. This boost converter is connected to the inverter, which is designed by using the MOSFET as a switch. In practical application the pulses for the inverter is given by using the Arduino control. By using this hybrid method, the total harmonics distortion is reduced to below the acceptable limit. Simulation for this proposed method is done by using the MATLAB simulink. Initially, fast fourier transform may found to mitigate harmonics. But emerging technologies like Arduino control is proved to simple and economical in carrying out the same task effectively.
Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation Through Incremental Conductance Mppt
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, SGSITS, Indore (M.P.), India., Surage Shurbhit , Chawla M.P.S. ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, SGSITS, Indore (M.P.), India.
Published: January 2022

The relevance of electricity generation from renewable energy sources is growing every day in the current global energy environment. The scarcity of fossil fuels and the environmental risks connected with traditional power producing methods are the main reasons behind this. The major sources of non-conventional energy are wind and solar which can be harnessed easily. A new system design for hybrid photovoltaic and wind-power generation is introduced within this study. A Modified M.P.P.T. has been proposed to strengthen productivity of this system. The proposed approach employs the Incremental Conductance (IC) MPPT technique. Under varied climatic conditions (Solar irradiance & Temperature), IC is utilized to determine the optimum voltage output of a photo voltaic generator (P.V.G.) within the photo voltaic system (P.V.) structure. The Incremental Conductance is utilized to manage the converter’s technology having boosting function. The P.M.S.G. is used to determine the maximum voltage output for varied wind flow rates in wind turbine system. Simulations are conducted in Matlab2019b to test efficacy of the proposed MPPT. The proposed scheme’s effectiveness can be supported with simulation results.
Design of Carry Select Adder using BEC and Common Boolean Logic
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India., M Syed Mustafaa , M Sathish ,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India., S Nivedha ,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India., A K Magribatul Noora ,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India., T Safrin Sifana ,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India.
Published: January 2022

Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is known to be the fastest adder among the conventional adder structure, which uses multiple narrow adders. CSLA has a great scope of reducing area, power consumption, speed and delay. From the structure of regular CSLA using RCA, it consumes large area and power. This proposed work uses a simple and dynamic Gate Level Implementation which reduces the area, delay, power and speed of the regular CSLA. Based on a modified CSLA using BEC the implementation of 8-b, 16-b, 32-b square root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture have been developed. In order to reduce the area and power consumption in a great way we proposed a design using binary to excess 1 converter (BEC). This paper proposes an dynamic method which replaces a BEC using Common Boolean Logic.
Musa sabuana (Musaceae): A new species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Prasad Kothareddy , Joe Alfred , Bheemalingappa Madiga , Rao Boyina
Published: January 2022

One wild banana, Musa sabuana belonging to the Sect. Musa is newly described from Panchavati and Ramakrishnapur Dam area in Andaman Islands, India. This extremely rare new species is found only in Middle and Little Andamans. Additional notes, IUCN status, Phenology and photographs are also provided.
A Note on Taxonomy and Distribution of Abelmoschus Caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels (Malvaceae) in India
Authors: Satyanarayana P. , Sudhakar J.
Published: January 2022

Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels, a West African species found in India is discussed. Correct citation, detailed description, distribution, illustration and photographs are provided.
Life Forms and Biological Spectra of the Vegetation of Tarai Region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Mathur Anjali , Joshi Hema
Published: January 2022

A study on floristic analysis and ecological assessment of the angiosperm plants in Tarai Region of Kumaun (Uttarakhand) was conducted during the period 2008 to 2011. The study site included Lalkuan (Nainital district) and Kichha tehsil (covering Pantnagar) of district Udham Singh Nagar as these occupy major part of Central Tarai. Total 429 angiospermic plant species were recorded for floristic and ecological analysis during study period. The plant species collected through extensive and intensive explorations were under taken in the study area during different seasons (i.e., summer, rainy, winter and spring) of the year in different ecosystem habitats viz., natural forests, plantations, agro-ecosystem, grassland, savanna, amphibious sites (marsh-meadow), wasteland and road sides. Collected species were classified in different life-forms following Raunkiaer and the biological spectrum for different ecological habitats, viz. natural forest, plantation(s) agro-ecosystem, grassland and for the entire study areas as a whole has been developed.
Adiantum Venustum D.Don (Adiantaceae): A New Distributional Record for Central India
Authors: Tiwari Arjun , Kumar Brijesh , Shukla Achuta
Published: January 2022

Adiantum venustum D.Don (Adiantaceae) is reported as a new record for the pteridophytic flora of Central India from Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided for its easy identification.
Pteridophytes of Lansdowne and adjacent places- Pauri District (Garhwal Himalayas)
Authors: Joshi Pragya , Joshi S.P.
Published: January 2022

The present manuscript deals with 42 species of Pteridophytes (Ferns and Fern-allies) occurring at Lansdowne town. Family polypodiaceae was observed as the most dominative family with highest of 7 species growing epiphytically in the area. The altitudinal range of 1000-2000m was observed as the most favoured zone in terms of richness of species.
Additions to the Flora of Himachal Pradesh from Sirmour District - IV
Authors: Lal Krishan , Rawat G.
Published: January 2022

In continuation to the series on ‘Additions to the Flora of Himachal Pradesh from Sirmour District’, five new additions of angiosperm species are being reported here for the first time from the state of Himachal Pradesh.
Extent of diurnal cycle of rainfall and its intra seasonal variation over coastal Tamil Nadu during north east monsoon season
Authors: RAJ Y.E.A. , AMUDHA B.
Published: January 2022

The diurnal variation of north east monsoon rainfall of coastal Tamil Nadu represented by four coastal stations Chennai Nungambakkam (Nbk), Chennai Meenambakkam (Mbk), Nagapattinam (Npt) and Pamban (Pbn)  was  studied in detail based on hourly rainfall data of rainy days only, for the period 1 Oct-31 Dec for the 47/48  year period 1969-2016/2017.  Mean Octet rainfall and its anomaly were computed for the 8 octets  00-03,…., 21-24 hrs of the day and the anomaly was tested for statistical significance. Various analysis for the individual months of Oct, Nov, Dec and the entire period Oct-Dec were separately conducted.  The basic technique of evolutionary histogram analysis supplemented by harmonic analysis of octet mean rainfall anomaly was used to detect the diurnal cycle signal. Two indices  named as  diurnal variation of  rainfall index and coefficient of mean absolute octet rainfall anomaly representing the intensity of diurnal variation  in dimensionless numbers were defined,  computed  and interpreted.

The analysis based on the above techniques revealed that the diurnal signal which shows an early morning maximum and late afternoon minimum of octet rainfall is well defined in Oct, decreases in Nov and further decreases in Dec for all the 4 stations. Though the diurnal variation manifests a well defined pattern in Dec the signal is not statistically significant in most cases. For Nbk and Mbk there is a weak secondary peak of octet rainfall anomaly occurring in the forenoon and afternoon respectively in Oct and Dec suggesting the presence of semi-diurnal variation of rainfall. Stationwise, the diurnal signal is most well defined for each month/season in Pbn followed by Npt, Nbk and then Mbk.

 

The physical causes behind the diurnal signal and its decrease as the north east monsoon season advances from Oct to Dec have been deliberated. The well known feature of nocturnal maximum of oceanic convection influencing a coastal station with maritime climate and the higher saturation at the lower levels of the upper atmosphere in the early morning hours have been advanced as some of the causes. For the much more complex feature of decrease of diurnal signal with the  advancement of the season, the decrease of minimum surface temperature over coastal Tamil Nadu from Oct to Dec causing an early morning conceptual land breeze has been shown as one of the plausible causes  based on analysis of temperature and wind.  Scope for further work based on data from automatic weather stations, weather satellites and Doppler Weather Radars has been discussed.