bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium
Authors: LUNA MANUEL DE , BOLL PITER KEHOMA
Published: June 2023

A checklist of species of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) recorded for Mexico is compiled, listing 11 species. Five are directly referenced in the literature: Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, Bipalium vagum Jones & Sterrer, 2005, Diporodemus yucatani Hyman, 1938, Geoplana multipunctata Fuhrmann, 1914, and Pseudogeoplana nigrofusca (Darwin, 1844); and one species had been indirectly mentioned for the country: Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy, 1892), which was described from material intercepted in the USA in a shipment of ornamental plants from Mexico. Mexican records from the citizen science platform iNaturalist were reviewed, revealing the presence of five widely distributed invasive species: Caenoplana coerulea Moseley, 1877, recorded in Ciudad de Mexico; Endeavouria septemlineata (Hyman, 1939), recorded in Ciudad de Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, and Oaxaca; Dolichoplana carvalhoi Corrêa, 1947, recorded in Jalisco; Dolichoplana striata Moseley, 1877, recorded in Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz; and Rhynchodemus sylvaticus (Leidy, 1851), recorded in Jalisco. The presence of Parakontikia ventrolineata is confirmed for the country, being recorded in Ciudad de Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Puebla, Queretaro, and Veracruz. The original description of Pseudogeoplana nigrofusca was revisited and compared to subsequent descriptions and keys, noting that the specimens are not conspecific and that the original description is too vague to accurately identify the species, therefore, this taxon is hereby relegated as a nomen dubium. A key for the higher taxa (subfamilies and tribes) of the North American terrestrial flatworms is proposed.
Two new species of Allobates of the trilineatus clade (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Eastern Guiana Shield
Authors: FOUQUET ANTOINE , FERRÃO MIQUÉIAS , JAIRAM RAWIEN
Published: June 2023

The actual diversity of anurans occurring in Amazonia remains only partly described. This is notably the case of the species of the genus Allobates despite a fast rate of species description in this genus during the last decade. This increasing taxonomic effort has been particularly facilitated by the availability of DNA sequences throughout the region. These data suggest for instance the existence of three lineages in the Guiana Shield that may correspond to unnamed species. We examined morphology and calls of these putative species and compared them to related nominal species, which confirmed that two of these lineages not only differ genetically but also morphologically and bioacoustically. These two species are thus named and described herein. Allobates vicinus sp. nov. from northern Suriname forms a clade with another candidate species from southern Suriname and Northern Pará, (Brazil) and with A. granti that occurs in French Guiana. Allobates ripicolus sp. nov. occurs throughout the eastern Guiana Shield and is nested within the A. tapajos complex which otherwise occurs in southeastern Amazonia and comprises A. tapajos and A. kamilae, along with three additional candidate species.
The genus Agrioglypta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from Indonesia with descriptions of three new species
Authors: WATUNG JACKSON F. , DARMAWAN DARMAWAN , SUWITO AWIT , NARAKUSUMO RADEN PRAMESA , NUGROHO HARI , ENCILIA ENCILIA , QODRI AGMAL , PEGGIE DJUNIJANTI , UBAIDILLAH ROSICHON , SUTRISNO HARI
Published: June 2023

Inventory studies on the genus Agrioglypta Meyrick, 1932 have been conducted in Java, Sulawesi, and Papua during 2007–2011. This study also aims to explore the diversity of Agrioglypta in Indonesia, and the possible apomorphic characteristics, especially genitalic characters, that support the monophyly of the genus. Three new species were discovered, A. hastantiae sp. nov., A. ubaidillahi sp. nov., and A. halimunensis sp. nov., for a total of nine species of the genus recorded in Indonesia. Images of adults and genitalia are provided for all new species.
A new and the second fossil species of the genus Ephedrus Haliday, 1833(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from Baltic amber
Authors: DAVIDIAN ELENA M. , MANUKYAN ANDRANIK R. , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A.
Published: June 2023

A new species of aphid parasitoid, Ephedrus carsteni Davidian, sp. nov. (Braconidae: Aphidiinae), is described and illustrated from Late Eocene Baltic amber. This new species was compared with the fossil Ephedrus mirabilis Timon-David, 1944 (Oligocene imprint from Bassin de Marseille), E. primordialis Brues, 1933 (Eocene Baltic amber) and E. rasnitsyni Davidian & Kaliuzhna, 2021 (Eocene Sakhalinian amber), as well as with the extant E. validus (Haliday, 1833) and E. carinatus Tomanović, 2020.
Changes in Hepatic Function After Splenectomy for Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Cirrhosis, and Hypersplenism
Authors: Peng Hui , Li Ziyi , Zhang Wanzong , Hu Gaobin , Huang Long , Shen Yi , Zhang Qi , Yu Qingsheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Patients with hepatic reticulum degeneration (HLD) may eventually develop complications of cirrhosis with splenomegaly and hypersplenism, requiring splenectomy to alleviate hypersplenism and complete lifelong copper therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of splenectomy on liver function in patients with hypersplenism.

Methods

A retrospective systematic analysis was conducted on the liver function indicators of 220 HLD patients who underwent splenectomy from January 2015 to January 2018 before surgery and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after surgery. Among them, 30 patients were followed up for 6 months.

Results

The Child score increased on the 1st day after surgery and gradually decreased after the 1st day. The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TB) increased 5 days after surgery ( P < .01) and decreased on the 14th day after surgery ( P < .01); the level of albumin (ALB) decreased on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after surgery ( P < .01) and increased on the 14th day ( P < .01). The follow-up results of the patient for 6 months showed that the levels of ALT and AST decreased, while the levels of ALB increased 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Splenectomy is proved to be beneficial for the improvement of liver function in HLD patients combined with hypersplenism, which realize a lifelong anti-copper treatment.
Victims of Violence, How a Trauma Center and Family Justice Center Can Provide Continued Care After Initial Hospitalization
Authors: Lopez Janelle , Fong Krystina , Chow Erica , Romero Javier , Duncan Thomas K. , Diaz Graal
Published: June 2023

Background: Intentional injuries are the second leading cause of death in the U.S. between the ages of 1 and 44. Each traumatic event is approached best with a multiagency and multidisciplinary approach. Family Justice Centers (FJCs) are structured as one-stop centers for victims of all forms of violence to provide services. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe trauma patients evaluated in an FJC and determine the effect of the referrals on injury-related hospital recidivism. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of traumatically injured patients that were evaluated in an adult level II trauma center for 3 years and were referred to Ventura County’s FJC. Results: There were 415 trauma admissions for intentional injuries, which accounted for 10.4% of the total trauma-related hospital admissions. Of these patients, 203 (49%) were evaluated in Ventura County’s FJC. The remaining 212 (51%) had an open judicial case, thus, were not processed through the FJC due to conflict of interest. The mechanisms of injuries of patients that were evaluated at the FJC (N = 203) were mostly assaults (83%). Majority of the patients were of the Hispanic race (70%), males (69%), English speaking (77%), and aged 18-59 (84%). 573 individual services were provided to these patients. The patients evaluated through the FJC (N = 203) had zero recidivism, while those with open cases had a 1% recidivism rate (P = NS). Conclusion: By collaborating with FJCs, trauma center outcomes contribute to a pathway for healing and may prevent future acts of intentional injuries.
Intranasal Schirmer Test in Allergic Rhinitis: Relationship to Symptom Scores and Role in Determining Response to Treatment
Authors: Onerci Celebi Ozlem , Araz Server Ela , Kirgezen Tolga , Yigit Ozgur , Aki Ecem Sevim
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

The Intranasal Schirmer test (INS) is an easy to administer test that can yield objective measurement of the quantity of nasal secretion and has been studied in patients with various nasal and systemic pathologies; however, the role of INS in patients with allergic rhinitis remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the relationship between various allergic symptoms and the Intranasal Schirmer Test (INS) score and to evaluate the utility of INS in determining treatment effect in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods:

This prospective study included patients with allergic rhinitis who were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (nasal steroid only, oral antihistamine only, nasal steroid and oral antihistamine). For all patients, Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was used to measure symptom severity and INS was administered before and after treatment. Pre-treatment and post treatment TNSS and INS scores were compared between different treatment groups and within each group.

Results:

The study included 120 patients, with 40 patients in each group. There were significant differences both in pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom severity score with changes of INS scores between treatment groups ( P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). There was a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom severity scores and the INS score in each treatment group ( P < .001). There was also a significant positive correlation between INS score and TNSS ( r = .591 and P < .001).

Conclusion:

The Intranasal Schirmer Test can be used as an objective tool for patients with allergic rhinitis as an adjunct to subjective patient symptom reports and can also be used to determine the response to treatment.
Democratic Ceilings: The Long Shadow of Nationalist Polarization in East Asia
Authors: Hur Aram , Yeo Andrew
Published: June 2023

East Asian democracies, long seen as the success stories of the Third Wave, have curiously co-existed with illiberal partisan competition. We argue that such patterns are symptoms of long-standing democratic stagnation, rather than democratic regress. We trace the entrenchment of illiberal competition to nationalist polarization in the early phase of democratization—a common phenomenon in Third Wave democracies where nation-building and democratization pressures coincided. Party polarization can take many forms, but when it centers on mutually exclusive nationalist visions from the outset, it redefines the end of democratic competition as state capture and justifies whatever means necessary, even those that violate democratic norms, to achieve it. Through a comparative analysis of Taiwan and South Korea, we show that when democratization tends to institutionalize, rather than alleviate, pre-existing nationalist conflicts, it can seed endemic barriers to the habituation of democratic norms, imposing a ceiling on democratic progress.
Rebuilding Mosul: Public opinion on foreign-led heritage reconstruction
Authors: Isakhan Benjamin , Meskell Lynn
Published: June 2023

Following the devastation of the northern Iraqi city of Mosul by the Islamic State, various foreign actors launched initiatives to reconstruct the heritage sites of the city. However, such efforts are underpinned by assumptions about how local people value their heritage, how they perceive its destruction, whether they view reconstruction as a priority and the extent to which they support foreign-led efforts to rebuild their heritage. This article holds these assumptions up to empirical scrutiny via an original survey of 1600 Mosul residents and their attitudes towards heritage. The results hold four key implications for current and future heritage projects in Mosul, namely that while residents want to see heritage sites reconstructed, they prefer that heritage reconstruction not be privileged over humanitarian aid, development and peace building; includes the rebuilding of their local religious sites as much as iconic and/or non-religious sites and transforms sites into new and more useful structures to the community, and while they acknowledge the work of foreign actors, they want agency and control over the future of their heritage. The article concludes by noting that such findings hold important implications for future foreign-led heritage projects in (post-)conflict environments where mass human suffering and heritage destruction has taken place.
Damage tolerance related to the damage area of impacted carbon/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Targino Talita Galvão , Dantas da Cunha Rayane , Ribeiro Gleicy de Lima Xavier , Paiva da Costa Ferreira Evans , Freire Júnior Raimundo Carlos Silverio , Daniel Diniz Melo José
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to analyze the damage tolerance of a carbon/epoxy composite laminate (AS4/8552) impacted at low velocity, relating residual strength values with the impact energy and delaminated area. AS4/8552 laminated plates [0°3/90°/±45°]S were submitted to low-velocity impact tests with three energy levels: 30 J, 45 J and 74 J. Next, the test specimens were analyzed by X-ray computed tomography to check for cracks and delaminations, and compression after impact (CAI) tests conducted to assess their residual strength. The results indicate that above the minimum energy level of low-velocity impact to cause damage, the residual strength of the laminate may be related to the delaminated area.
The Legacies of Transition, Street Renaming and the Material Heritage of Communist Dictatorship in Poland
Authors: Ochman Ewa
Published: June 2023

The fall of communism in Eastern Europe did not bring about a radical and immediate destruction of the material heritage of communist dictatorships in the region. In fact, the process of de-commemoration has been more contested and more protracted than had been anticipated. Thus, what warrants a closer consideration is why this is the case since on the whole public acceptance of the regime change has been very high. This paper considers the case of Poland, the country of the Solidarity movement, which played a major role in the fall of communism in the region. The two-decade-long history of the right-wing nationalists’ attempts to legislate street renaming culminating in the so-called de-communization law of 2016 will serve as a lens for investigating the responses that favoured the de-communization of public space. The paper argues that the protracted nature of the remaking of public landscape in Poland has been the result of the country's transitional legacies and different approaches to transitional justice among the former dissident opposition.
“There’s a Lot of Stumbling Forward”: The Impact of Whiteness on Teacher Educators’ Reconceptualization of Culturally Based English Education Curriculum
Authors: Turner Crystasany R. , Pasternak Donna L. , Allen Kelly R. , Evans Leanne M. , Lize Kristine M.
Published: June 2023

Practices incorporating students’ cultures and communities are foundational to effective teaching. However, teacher candidates often do not effectively incorporate culturally based practices into their instruction. This article describes the perceptions of English education instructors as they reconceptualized their curriculum to cultivate culturally based practices. Findings show three major factors impacted the instructors’ reconceptualization of curriculum: (a) the instructors’ cultural roots; (b) the pervasiveness of whiteness—systems and processes that preference white identities, assumptions, and privileges that accompany the white experience; and (c) deep-seated tensions between culturally based practices and the practices of the university operating within the institution of English education. The authors assert that no individual who has matriculated through white-centric educational institutions and broader societal structures can be excluded from the call to unlearn whiteness. They urge teacher educators to dismantle oppressive, white-centric practices by reflecting on the interplay of biases and socio-political beliefs that they and their teacher candidates bring into educational spaces.
Leveraging Flip, a Video Discussion Platform, to Support the Needs of International ESL Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Chen Weina L. , Wong Kevin M.
Published: June 2023

International students, particularly international English as a Second Language (ESL) students who come to the United States with relatively lower levels of English oral language proficiency, are often reluctant to participate in academic discussions. In a graduate-level TESOL program with a majority of international ESL students, a video recording, sharing, and discussion platform, Flip, was utilized in the program's teaching innovation. Flip is widely adopted by educators of all grade levels worldwide, as it enables educators to create a less formal online space to meet the holistic needs of international ESL students, including both academic and social needs. The article explains the teaching context of the practice, four stages of course integration with Flip, reasons for the integration, reflections, and future pedagogical directions. Incorporating Flip in this program promotes linguistic benefits, teacher identity and skill development, a community of belonging, and increased equity in assessment. Practical pedagogical considerations are also provided at the end of the article.
Students’ Perception of Anti-Academic Norms in Flanders: The Role of Ethnicity, Peer Discrimination and Ethnic Belonging
Authors: Maene Charlotte , Van Rossem Ronan , Stevens Peter A. J.
Published: June 2023

Anti-academic norms have proven to affect the educational strategies of adolescents. The determinants related to the experience of anti-academic norms and especially its link to ethnic inequality within the educational system have not received sufficient attention in European educational research. Hence, this study examines which students perceive anti-academic norms by investigating the role of students’ ethnic group categorization, their experiences with (non-) ethnic discrimination, and the role of ethnic belonging. A quantitative analysis of 2,728 students from 45 secondary schools in Flanders showed that majority students perceive more anti-academic norms than students who are descendants from labor migrants. Both ethnic and non-ethnically discriminated students experience more anti-academic norms compared to non-discriminated students. Overall, students’ ethnic identity belonging is a promotive factor and thus associated with lower anti-academic norms. Furthermore, the results also indicate that students from both high and low status ability groups (tracks) are more at risk of perceiving anti-academic norms.
Maceral and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of the No. 6 Coal Seam from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Zewei , Jin Zhe , Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

Haerwusu Surface Mine of the Jungar Coalfield is a large coal mine. Its coal formation environments have not been reported in detail. In order to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the peat formation, nine samples were collected, and were analyzed using microscope, column chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). According to the results of the microscopic analysis, the average random vitrinite reflectance ( Rr) is 0.73%, indicating a low rank bituminous coal. Vitrinite group is the predominant macerals with an average content of 54.54%, followed by inertinite group with an average of 35.99%. The higher inertinite contents indicate widespread wildfire events during the peat formation. The distribution pattern of n-alkanes, the cross plot between Pr/ n-C17 and Ph/ n-C18, the lower saturated/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios (0.22–0.68) and the presence of cadalene, retene, simonellite indicates that the organic matter is predominantly terrestrial higher plants with a small amount of aquatic organisms. The ternary diagram of Pr/Ph, Pr/ n-C17 and Ph/ n-C18 and the relative abundance of fluorene, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene indicate a continental–oceanic alternative facies. The higher contents of combustion-derived PAHs are also indicative of widespread wildfire events during peat formation.
Geochemical characteristics of Jurassic high-sodium coal in Tatuo Coal Mine, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Zewei , Yu Zhi , Balaji Panchal , Shi Jie , Yang Yanli
Published: June 2023

Sodium in the coals of West China has received persistent attention due to its high contents and severe pollutions’ problems during coal utilization. A total of seven drill samples of the Jurassic coals from Tatuo coalfield, Qinghai Province, were collected and analysed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results indicate that the Tatuo coal is of lower-high ash, medium volatile matter and ultra-low sulphur bituminous coal. Tatuo coal contains much more Na2O (> 2%), and belongs to high-sodium coal. The maceral index and element ratios of Sr/Cu, Fe/Mn and Sr/Ba showed that Tatuo coal was formed in a terrestrial peat swamp environment. The minerals in Tatuo coal, including clay minerals and halite, quartz, gypsum and rutile, are mainly concentrated in the bottom and top parts of the coal seam. Combined with scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and optical microscope characteristics, the sodium could be carried into the peat/coal after the peat formation by basin fluids. The East Kunlun orogenic belt may be the main source of these minerals.
Corporate Tax Avoidance and Geographic Distance: Evidence From China
Authors: Chan Kalok , Wang Xiaowei
Published: June 2023

We examine the relationship between geographic distance and corporate tax avoidance in China and find that the closer a firm is to the tax bureau, the less it is likely to avoid tax. This is in sharp contrast to the findings documented by Kubick et al. for U.S. public firms. We argue that this is the result of the local tax bureau collecting more information about the firm instead of the firm collecting more information about tax audits as suggested by Kubick et al. We attribute the different results to the tax system difference between China and the United States, as it is easier for the tax officials in China to collect information about the tax-paying firms. Cross-sectional analyses considering firm age or functional proximity provide further corroborating evidence.
Using Old Data: When Is It Appropriate?
Authors: Ketchen David J. , Roccapriore Ashley Y. , Connelly Brian L.
Published: June 2023

Researchers and gatekeepers lack clarity about the circumstances under which using old data to test hypotheses is appropriate or inappropriate. In response to this complex issue, we first define what makes data “old.” We then suggest that using old data is justifiable (a) when examining a past event, (b) when recent data are not available, or (c) when the data were collected painstakingly. Scholars should avoid using old data if none of these conditions exist. Further, authors should be forthcoming about the age of their data and, in the case of a rejected journal submission, update the data whenever possible.
International RELAY®, branched outcomes – designed to respect and repair the thoracic aorta: A comparative analysis between double and triple branched configurations
Authors: Singh Sidhant , Surkhi Abedalaziz O , Howard Callum , Mariscalco Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Background

Endovascular aortic arch repair (EAR) has emerged as an alternative to open surgical repair. A growing interest in endovascular repair techniques for aortic arch aneurysms and dissection has been met with a focus on the clinical efficacy of EAR devices. We present multicentre comparative data on the clinical outcomes associated with EAR using the double- and triple-branched configurations of the RELAY™ (Terumo Aortic, Scotland, UK) endograft.

Methods

Multicentre data on EAR procedures, carried out from January 2019 to January 2022, using the double- and triple-branched RELAY™ endograft were collected prospectively. Follow-up data were collected at 30 days, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postoperative. Retrospective descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier analysis were carried out on procedural and follow-up data.

Results

A total of 131 patients were included in the series. In total, 103 and 28 patients were treated with the double-branched and triple-branched RELAY™ endograft, respectively. Over the 24-month follow-up period, zero mortality, cases of stroke, or reinterventions were recorded in the triple-branched group. Four mortalities, 19 disabling strokes, and 50 reinterventions were recorded in the double-branched group within 30 postoperative days. Target vessel patency was maintained in all patients in the triple-branched group, while vessel patency was maintained in 74.0% of patients in the double-branched group.

Conclusion

Outcomes associated with the triple-branched group are consistent with those reported in the literature. Our data suggest that EAR with the RELAY™ endograft is associated with favourable clinical outcomes and clinical efficacy. Further comparative research into EAR devices is needed.
Disruptive protest, civil disobedience & direct action
Authors: Berglund Oscar
Published: June 2023

Disruptive protest has become increasingly studied and promoted across the social sciences, not least in relation to climate protests. This paper asks what the rationale and effects of disruptive protest are. It argues that disruptive protest carries a prefigurative legitimacy, envisaging a more democratic and just society while aiming for broader appeal and legitimacy rendered by liberal discourses. The paper takes a political theory perspective through both the literature on civil disobedience and the anarchist literature on direct action. It then explores how the key attributes of these literatures render legitimacy to the practices and discourses of two social movements that have made widespread use of disruptive protest in recent years: the Spanish anti-eviction movement Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) and the mainly British climate change movement Extinction Rebellion (XR).
Successful management of harlequin syndrome due to pulmonary hemorrhage and atelectasis with VAV- ECMO
Authors: Antonogiannakis Anastasios , Antonopoulos Mixalis , Elaiopoulos Dimitrios , Leontiadis Evaggelos , Ieromonachos Konstantinos , Adamopoulos Stamatios , Chamogeorgakis Themistoklis , Dimopoulos Stavros
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Pulmonary hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication of VA-ECMO occasionally presenting with Harlequin syndrome.

Case report

We present a case of a VA-ECMO patient complicated with pulmonary hemorrhage, complete right lung atelectasis and differential hypoxia refractory to conventional treatment including optimal mechanical ventilation and bronchoscopy interventions. Patient was successfully managed by conversion of VA to VAV-ECMO.

Discussion

Pulmonary hemorrhage and atelectasis treatment in a VA-ECMO patient includes transfusion, hold and reversal of anticoagulation, bronchoscopy interventions and optimization of VA-ECMO and ventilator support. Differential hypoxia may ensue due to residual native cardiac function. If refractory to conservative treatment, a VAV-ECMO configuration may be utilized to improve upper body oxygenation by inserting an additional cannula to the superior vena cava.

Conclusion

VAV-ECMO is an ECMO configuration support in patients at risk of Harlequin syndrome presenting with pulmonary hemorrhage.
Oral rehabilitation of a saxophone player with orofacial pain: a case report
Authors: Clemente Miguel Pais , Mendes Joaquim , Bernardes Gilberto , Van Twillert Henk , Ferreira Afonso Pinhão , Amarante José Manuel
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a clinical case study investigating the pattern of a saxophonist’s embouchure as a possible origin of orofacial pain. The rehabilitation addressed the dental occlusion and a fracture in a metal ceramic bridge. To evaluate the undesirable loads on the upper teeth, two piezoresistive sensors were placed between the central incisors and the mouthpiece during the embouchure. A newly fixed metal ceramic prosthesis was placed from teeth 13 to 25, and two implants were placed in the premolar zone corresponding to teeth 14 and 15. After the oral rehabilitation, the embouchure force measurements showed that higher stability was promoted by the newly fixed metal-ceramic prosthesis. The musician executed a more symmetric loading of the central incisors (teeth 11 and 21). The functional demands of the saxophone player and consequent application of excessive pressure can significantly influence and modify the metal-ceramic position on the anterior zone teeth 21/22. The contribution of engineering (i.e., monitoring the applied forces on the musician’s dental structures) was therefore crucial for the correct assessment and design of the treatment plan.
Investigating the human binocular visual system using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bridge Holly , Ip Ifan Betina , Parker Andrew J.
Published: June 2023

Having two forward-facing eyes with slightly different viewpoints enables animals, including humans, to discriminate fine differences in depth (disparities), which can facilitate interaction with the world. The binocular visual system starts in the primary visual cortex because that is where information from the eyes is integrated for the first time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an ideal tool to non-invasively investigate this system since it can provide a range of detailed measures about structure, function, neurochemistry and connectivity of the human brain. Since binocular disparity is used for both action and object recognition, the binocular visual system is a valuable model system in neuroscience for understanding how basic sensory cues are transformed into behaviourally relevant signals. In this review, we consider how MRI has contributed to the understanding of binocular vision and depth perception in the human brain. Firstly, MRI provides the ability to image the entire brain simultaneously to compare the contribution of specific visual areas to depth perception. A large body of work using functional MRI has led to an understanding of the extensive networks of brain areas involved in depth perception, but also the fine-scale macro-organisation for binocular processing within individual visual areas. Secondly, MRI can uncover mechanistic information underlying binocular combination with the use of MR spectroscopy. This method can quantify neurotransmitters including GABA and glutamate within restricted regions of the brain, and evaluate the role of these inhibitory and excitatory neurochemicals in binocular vision. Thirdly, it is possible to measure the nature and microstructure of pathways underlying depth perception using diffusion MRI. Understanding these pathways provides insight into the importance of the connections between areas implicated in depth perception. Finally, MRI can help to understand changes in the visual system resulting from amblyopia, a neural condition where binocular vision does not develop correctly in childhood.
Distance supervision as experienced by occupational therapists in mental health: An interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Matson Rebecca , Linforth Jo , Edge Chris
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Distance methods of supervision rapidly increased in use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and it is important to consider if these methods meet the needs of supervisees when deciding whether to retain these practices moving forward.

Methods:

An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to gain insight into the lived experience of distance supervision. Semi-structured interviews were completed with six occupational therapists who had experience receiving distance supervision as a supervisee, all of whom work in inpatient mental health units within a private healthcare company.

Results:

Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed four superordinate themes of an altered interaction; the importance of a protected space; factors within the supervisory relationship and maximising the best of both worlds.

Conclusion:

Distance supervision methods afford increased access for supervisees and a reduction in the practical demands when supervised by an off-site supervisor. There are, however, clear differences in the nature of the experience which need to be considered to ensure that supervisee needs are met. This study provides insight into how distance supervision methods impact on the experience for supervisees and suggests areas for further consideration in moving forward with such approaches.
Cognitive Functional Remote Group intervention for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A feasibility study
Authors: Galili-Simhon Shoval , Maeir Adina
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among adults has been associated with deficits in executive functioning and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study is to examine feasibility of the Cognitive Functional Remote Group intervention among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Method:

Mixed-method feasibility study. Five adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder received 16 weekly sessions of Cognitive Functional Remote Group.

Results:

The target population was easily recruited and showed interest in the treatment. All participants completed the intervention and were moderately-very highly satisfied with different aspects of the intervention. Additionally, pre–post measures demonstrated high rates of clinically significant improvements in the quality of life measure and less so in executive functioning. Three central themes emerged from qualitative analyses of participants experiences relating to (a) Identity development through group process; (b) Occupation-based learning of self-awareness and cognitive functional strategies and (c) Feedback on group setting and content and relating to advantages and disadvantages of remote (Zoom) format.

Conclusion:

This study supported Cognitive Functional Remote Group feasibility among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Quantitative findings point to the responsiveness of quality-of-life measures. Qualitative findings suggest gains in identity development, awareness and acquisition of cognitive functional strategies through occupation-based learning in a telerehabilitation group therapy format. Further controlled studies are warranted.
Patellofemoral Joint Loading Progression Across 35 Weightbearing Rehabilitation Exercises and Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Song Ke , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Hullfish Todd J. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Baxter Josh R.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Exercises that provide progressive therapeutic loading are a central component of patellofemoral pain rehabilitation, but quantitative evidence on patellofemoral joint loading is scarce for a majority of common weightbearing rehabilitation exercises.

Purpose:

To define a loading index to quantify, compare, rank, and categorize overall loading levels in the patellofemoral joint across 35 types of weightbearing rehabilitation exercises and activities of daily living.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Model-estimated knee flexion angles and extension moments based on motion capture and ground-reaction force data were used to quantify patellofemoral joint loading in 20 healthy participants who performed each exercise. A loading index was computed via a weighted sum of loading peak and cumulative loading impulse for each exercise. The 35 rehabilitation exercises and daily living activities were then ranked and categorized into low, moderate, and high “loading tiers” according to the loading index.

Results:

Overall patellofemoral loading levels varied substantially across the exercises and activities, with loading peak ranging from 0.6 times body weight during walking to 8.2 times body weight during single-leg decline squat. Most rehabilitation exercises generated a moderate level of patellofemoral joint loading. Few weightbearing exercises provided low-level loading that resembled walking or high-level loading with both high magnitude and duration. Exercises with high knee flexion tended to generate higher patellofemoral joint loading compared with high-intensity exercises.

Conclusion:

This study quantified patellofemoral joint loading across a large collection of weightbearing exercises in the same cohort.

Clinical Relevance:

The visualized loading index ranks and modifiable worksheet may assist clinicians in planning patient-specific exercise programs for patellofemoral pain rehabilitation.
In vitro and in vivo studies of a newly synthesized copper-cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide combined with gallium oxide nanoparticles complex as an antitumor agent against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Moawed Fatma SM , Haroun Riham Abdel-Hamid , Abou Zaid Eman S , Mansour Somya Z , Badawi Abdel-Fattah M , Kandil Eman I
Published: June 2023

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. Previous studies reported that gallium alone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have antineoplastic activities; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of copper‐cetyl tri‐methyl ammonium bromide with gallium oxide nanoparticles (Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs) against HCC by using in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: In vitro study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs and GaO‐NPs on HepG‐2 cell line using crystal violet dye assay. In vivo study was done on diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC Wister rats. Rats were randomly divided into eight groups; control, Cu‐CTAB, GaO‐NPs, Cu‐CTAB+GaONPs, DEN, DEN+Cu‐CTAB, DEN+GaO‐NPs and DEN+Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs. Histopathological examination of liver and biochemical parameters such as liver function markers, oxidative stress-antioxidants markers, tumor makers, apoptosis makers were studied. Results: Results obtained from in vitro study revealed that Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs and GaO‐NPs affect the cell viability of HepG‐2 cancer cell with IC50 0.2 μg/ml and 360 μg/ml, respectively. Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs exerted an antiproliferative effect in experimental rat models of HCC, as demonstrated both histologically, since it facilitated the tissue recovery of the damaged liver, and biochemically as showed by the reduction of liver function markers (ALT & AST), oxidative stress markers (MDA) and tumor makers (AFP,TGF‐β1,α‐L–Fucosidase); while antioxidants markers (SOD), apoptosis markers (caspase‐3 mRNA) and araginase activity were elevated in DEN+Cu‐CTAB, DEN+GaO‐NPs and DEN+Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs groups when compared to DEN group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that both Cu‐CTAB alone and/or combined with GaO‐NPs exerted cytotoxic effects against DEN-induced HCC, which would in turn, speculate a possible therapeutic role of the novel Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs compound.
Biohacking COVID-19: Sharing Is Not Always Caring
Authors: Lima Vitor , Belk Russell
Published: June 2023

This netnographic study investigates how and why people engage with citizen science initiatives and share insights from them in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this research focuses on biohacking, a form of citizen science in which individuals conduct innovative but controversial self-experiments. In a context of ideological, behavioral, and emotional tensions, biohackers seek to do what they consider to be “the right thing” for themselves and others. Some biohackers believed that governmental “solutions” for the pandemic were not “correct” or “the best” and shared scientifically unproven protocols to develop, for example, homemade vaccines. However, in many cases, biohackers may unintentionally create harm while intending to do good by sharing such “solutions.” In this vein, this research shows that sharing is not always caring, as biohacking related to COVID-19 exemplifies. Although sharing is a form of prosocial behavior, it has different motivations that may invert its epistemic prosocial orientation to an antisocial one. This orientation results in new challenges, as well as strengthening old challenges, for policy makers facing public crises, such as pandemics. The prescriptions for policy makers offered in this article aim to help reduce such an impact on governmental efforts to tackle collective crises.
Earlier Sexual Debut and Anti-Gay Victimization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan
Authors: Laughney Caitlin I. , Lee Yong Gun , Mergenova Guakhar , Vinogradov Vitaliy , Zhakupova Gulnara , Paine Emily Allen , Primbetova Sholpan , Terlikbayeva Assel , Wu Elwin
Published: June 2023

Limited research has examined predictors of anti-gay victimization among men who have sex with men (MSM), despite anti-gay violence continuing to be a global problem. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from structured interviews with 600 MSM adults to examine anti-gay victimization and earlier sexual debut among MSM in Kazakhstan. Multiple linear regression was used to test for associations between earlier sexual debut—categorized as age of sexual onset between 13 and 15 years of age and prior to 13 years old, with ages 16 and older as the reference group—and recent and lifetime anti-gay victimization. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess earlier sexual debut and specific types of victimization. The majority of MSM reported lifetime (89%) or recent (68%) experiences of anti-gay victimization. Earlier sexual debut prior to 13 years of age was significantly associated with greater number of types of lifetime and recent reports of anti-gay victimization. Among specific types of anti-gay victimization, earlier sexual debut was associated with higher odds of experiencing verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Anti-gay violence in Kazakhstan is a significant and prevalent public health issue. Future research and clinical interventions addressing anti-gay victimization among MSM populations should consider the lifetime and current implications of consensual and non-consensual childhood and adolescent sexual experiences.
Parental Leave Policies, Usage Consequences, and Changing Normative Beliefs: Evidence From a Survey Experiment
Authors: Philipp Marie-Fleur , Büchau Silke , Schober Pia S. , Spiess C. Katharina
Published: June 2023

In this study, we conceptualize and provide novel empirical evidence on norm-setting effects of family policies by investigating how priming with parental leave policy–related information may alter normative beliefs regarding the gender division of parental leave in Germany. We implemented a survey experiment in two waves of the representative German GESIS Panel in 2019 and 2020. Respondents received one of three short evidence-based information primers about (1) long-term income risks of maternal employment interruptions, (2) nonsignificant paternal wage penalties, or (3) increasing rates of paternal leave usage in Germany, or were allocated to the control group that received no further information before rating the division of parental leave in fictitious couples. We apply ordinary least squares regression models with lagged dependent variables to a sample of 5,362 vignette evaluations nested in 1,548 respondents. Remarkably, we find that the effects of all three priming conditions vary significantly depending on whether respondents are asked to judge situations for couples where women earn more or less than their partners. Our findings mostly point to stronger effects of priming with information on income risks compared with paternal leave usage trends and to more pronounced changes in normative beliefs among childless respondents.
Comparative study on low velocity impact response of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer/ thermoplastic elastomer based fiber metal laminates with and without interleaving of elastomeric layer
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas
Published: June 2023

This work compares the low velocity impact (LVI) behavior of conventional fiber metal laminate (FML) with hybrid fiber metal laminates (H-FML) that include an elastomer layer. The aim is to demonstrate the potential of the proposed composite comprising metal, elastomer, and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to meet the high demands of emerging products that require lightweight materials. Experimental methodologies and finite element (FE) analysis are used to assess the impact behavior of FML and H-FML. The study evaluates various internal damage processes and the distribution of energy of each ingredient and interaction during the LVI to understand the behavior of the laminates. The results show that the inclusion of elastomer leads to a wider energy distribution and greater participation of the proposed H-FML composites in bearing the load rather than focusing only on the impact area. The materials are used more efficiently in energy absorption since a more extensive energy distribution inside the hybrid laminate takes place. The amount and proportion of energy absorption by each component in laminates are influenced by introduction of the elastomer. The study highlights the potential of using innovative hybrid laminates for energy absorption, and the placement of the elastomer in the laminates affects the extent of energy absorption by each component.
Predictors of PrEP retention in at risk patients seen at a HIV primary care clinic in San Diego
Authors: Herns Shayna , Panwala Rebecca , Pfeil Allan , Sardinha Manuel , Rossi Vito , Blumenthal Jill , Hill Lucas
Published: June 2023

Background

Adherence to medication and retention in care are key contributors to the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that may impact retention in various settings that prescribe PrEP.

Methods

We evaluated factors associated with retention in care 3 and 12 months after PrEP initiation at a primary care HIV clinic in San Diego. Retention was defined as having an office/virtual visit within 1 month from the 3- or 12-months time point or interacting with the clinic leading to medication being refilled.

Results

A total of 199 patients were included. Retention rates were 74.4% and 52.8% at 3 and 12 months respectively. In the multivariate analysis, reporting depression or anxiety was associated with being retained in care ( p = 0.004) and identifying as cisgender female was associated with lack of retention ( p = 0.04) at 3 months. Testing positive for a sexually transmitted infection was associated with 12-months retention ( p = 0.004); however, this was likely influenced by difference in the frequency of testing in those retained versus not retained.

Conclusion

Ongoing efforts to determine the optimal method for provision of PrEP care that supports retention for different populations at risk for HIV, are needed.