bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Fernández Morales Flavio Humberto
Published: May 2024

El comité editorial de la Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, ha decidido incorporar a partir del presente número el apartado de declaraciones finales en cada artículo, con los siguientes elementos: contribución de los autores, implicaciones éticas, financiación y conflictos de interés. Estos elementos contribuyen a mejorar la calidad ética de las publicaciones y se han venido incorporando en las revistas científicas, ya que permiten evidenciar los posibles conflictos de interés entre los autores, los financiadores y el interés primario de la investigación.
 
En la contribución de los autores se considera la taxonomía CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), compuesta por 14 roles que describen las funciones habituales que desempeñan quienes participan en la producción de un artículo de investigación. Los roles describen la contribución específica de cada autor al resultado final, lo cual favorece la transparencia de los procesos de autoría y publicación de los manuscritos.
 
Asimismo, se ha adoptado la publicación continua como estrategia de publicación de la revista, ya que este mecanismo permite una reducción considerable en los tiempos de publicación, garantizando que el trabajo de los autores se visibilice lo más pronto posible una vez los artículos son aceptados por el comité editorial. La periodicidad continúa siendo semestral, con dos números por año, pero los artículos irán apareciendo en el portal a medida que son aceptados, lo cual permite cumplir con aquellos lineamientos de ciencia abierta que buscan entregar la publicación lo más pronto posible a la comunidad científica.
 
Otro cambio se da en la diagramación de los artículos para destacar algunos elementos como: el nombre de la revista, facilitar su acceso, brindar información clara sobre la licencia Creative Commons utilizada y renovar el formato de la revista. Igualmente, con el ánimo de facilitar la escritura de los artículos, se han actualizado las instrucciones para los autores, el las cuales se incluyen los elementos básicos a ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de elaborar el manuscrito, a saber: extensión máxima, espaciado y tipo de letra, cantidad de tablas y figuras permitidas, norma para citas y referencias, entre otros.
 
En el presente fascículo, Vol. 14 No. 1, se incluyen doce artículos, los cuales invitamos a consultar y utilizar en sus trabajos académicos. Asimismo, se invita a los interesados en publicar los resultados de sus trabajos de investigación, a que envíen sus manuscritos a la revista. Los requisitos de forma se pueden consultar en nuestra página WEB, en el apartado de instrucciones para los autores, los cuales deben ser atendidos escrupulosamente para reducir los tiempos de evaluación.
 
Cordialmente,
 
FLAVIO HUMBERTO FERNÁNDEZ MORALES
Editor
Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
ISSN: 2027-8306 - ISSN-e: 2389-9417
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
FAKTOR PELAKSANAAN DESA TANGGUH DI DESA MAREDAN KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Yasril Abdi Iswahyudi , Novela Vina , Sayfah Hafilah
Published: May 2024

Peraturan dalam negeri Nomor 03 tahun 2020, desa melakukan upaya untuk menghadapi Covid-19 dengan mendirikan Satuan Tugas di setiap desa, yang merupakan bagian dari Satuan Tugas penanganan Covid-19 di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Anggaran untuk kegiatan ini akan disesuaikan dengan kewenangan desa dan tidak akan bertentangan dengan program atau kegiatan yang telah dibiayai melalui APBN atau APBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami faktor pelaksanaan desa tangguh di Desa Maredan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik sebagai jenis penelitian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan survey.  Sampel penelitian adalah 192 orang yang merupakan masyarakat di Desa Maredan dengan teknik proportional sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2021. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis menggunakan metode uji univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara pelaksanaan sosialisasi (p = 0,0005), pencegahan Covid-19  (p = 0,001), pemberian bantuan langsung tunai (ρ = 0,0005), keaktifan keamanan desa (ρ = 0,0005) dan pelaksanaan sterilisasi ditempat umum (p = 0,0005) dengan pelaksanaan desa tangguh. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan desa tangguh berhubungan dengan  sosialisasi, pencegahan Covid-19, pemberian bantuan langsung tunai, keaktifan keamanan desa dan pelaksanaan sterilisasi ditempat umum. Masyarakat Desa Maredan diharapkan untuk secara lebih cermat memilih informasi yang mereka terima, sehingga pengetahuan mereka tentang implementasi desa tangguh dapat meningkat dan kekhawatiran mereka terhadap isu-isu seputar covid-19 dapat berkurang.
Romantyczne pejzaże dźwiękowe — „Ballady i romanse” Adama Mickiewicza
Authors: Piaskowski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Głównym założeniem artykułu jest teza, że Ballady i romanse Adama Mickiewicza to cykl poetycki, który odegrał fundamentalną rolę w reorientacji sposobów poznawania świata w planie estetyki słuchu w literaturze polskiej. Jest to dzieło, które zapoczątkowało nowy sposób prezentacji dźwięku w polskiej poezji, przełamując ostatecznie oświeceniowo-racjonalistyczny paradygmat dominacji perspektywy oka w kulturze na rzecz emancypacji nowej kultury audialnej. Audiosfera cyklu, to znaczy wszystkie zastosowane w tym cyklu dźwięki, są w niniejszym artykule poddane analizie za pomocą właściwych kategorii (anatomia pejzażu dźwiękowego wg B. Krause’a) i ostatecznie zinterpretowane przez pryzmat ich literackiej funkcji. Pojęciami służącymi do opisu i interpretacji w artykule są pejzaż dźwiękowy, a także jego zasadnicze elementy: geofonia, biofonia oraz antropofonia. Dominującą jakością soniczną w cyklu, mającą znaczenie kompozycyjne, jest część antropofonii zwana fonosferą: głos, mowa, śpiew, krzyk itd., a jakościami towarzyszącymi są zarówno geofonia i biofonia, jak i różnego pochodzenia dźwięki incydentalne. Dźwięki pojawiają się najczęściej, gdy dochodzi do aktywizacji wątków i motywów fantastycznych.
Nguyen Model of Caring and Professional Governance in Nursing: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Nguyen Lan A. , Wickersham Karen E.
Published: May 2024

The concepts of caring and professional governance in nursing and their discrete associations with patient outcomes are widely studied. At present, little to no research has been published on the nature of the relationship between the two concepts. Adaptations of two established caring theories and defining attributes of professional governance guide a caring and professional governance conceptual framework. Descriptions of theories and attributes elucidate the overall description of the framework. Understanding the relationship between caring and professional governance in nursing enables exploration of the combined relational impact on practice and outcomes. The conceptual framework provides an evidence-based foundation to this work.
Concentration Of Honey As A Coating In Dry Storage on Ephipia Hatchability and Survival rate of Moina macrocopa nauplii
Authors: Tsabita Kinanthi Sajda , Ahmad Shofy Mubarak  , Nina Nurmalia Dewi
Published: May 2024

Moina macrocopa  is natural feed that commonly  found in tropical waters. Ephippia can be stored and hatched at any time.  Embryo stability can be protect by controlling the water content through coating technology. Honey solution can be used as a coating that have a osmotic regulation for prevent embryo from drought while ephipia entering the dormant stage. This research aims to determine the effect of concentration on the hatchability of ephipia and the survival of M. macrocopa nauplii. The research method used in this study was experimental with a completely randomised design (CRD) using five treatments and four replications. The results showed that coating ephipia using honey had a significantly different effect on the hatchability of M. macrocopa ephipia (p<0,05). However, the concentration of honey was not significantly different on the survival of M. macrocopa nauplii.
Keywords : Ephipia, Honey, Moina macrocopa, Coating
Case report; Identification of Bacteria in Catfish (Pangasius sp.) at the Palembang Fish Quarantine Station
Authors: Rarassari Madyasta , Marsela Aprilia
Published: May 2024

One of the causes of disease attacks can be caused by bacteria, two of which are Edwardsiella ictaluri and Streptococcus agalactiae which often attack catfish. One of the causes of disease attacks can be caused by bacteria, two of which are Edwardsiella ictaluri and Streptococcus agalactiae which often attack catfish. Disease attacks can be prevented as early as possible by periodically identifying certain bacteria so that it can facilitate appropriate treatment to prevent them. This activity aimed to study bacterial identification techniques in catfish (Pangasius sp.) at the Fish Quarantine Station for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products in Palembang. The method used in this activity is quantitative by field observation and collecting primary and secondary data. Activities carried out include the preparation of tools and materials. Media creation, test sample preparation, bacterial isolation, bacterial purification, basic tests, biochemical tests, and instrument digestion. The approach was carried out through basic tests and biochemical tests. Data analysis was presented in tabular form and discussed descriptively. Results: There were no bacteria with the characteristics of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Streptococcus agalactiae found in catfish observed from December 2022 to January 2023.
Data-driven strategy for bandgap database construction of perovskites and the potential segregation study
Authors: Wu Bobin , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Zixuan , Chen Zijian , Liu Shaohui , Liu Jie , Xu Zhenming , Sun Qingde , Zhao Haitao
Published: May 2024

Light-induced segregation limits the practical application of mixed halide perovskites in solar cells. Herein, halide segregation is evaluated by a data-driven approach with constructing a bandgap database of 53,361 mixed ABX3 [where A = Cs, formamidinium (FA) or methylammonium (MA); B = Pb or Sn; X = Br, Cl, or I] perovskites. A transfer learning strategy was employed to fine-tune the parameters of a Graph Neural Network model using experimental and density functional theory (DFT)-calculated bandgaps. This approach accelerated the construction of a unique database, distinguishing it from others primarily focused on ABX3 perovskite element substitution. The database is characterized by continuously varying compositions and accurate bandgaps. It was utilized to calculate the free energy of 20,688 mixed iodine-bromine perovskites and generate corresponding phase diagrams for predicting their light-induced segregation behavior. It is found that the bandgap increases with decreasing ionic radii at the A-site and X-site. This composition-dependent bandgap difference drives halide segregation. Moreover, using a higher Cs content at the A-site, rather than MA, reduces this bandgap difference, enhancing photostability. The proposed data-driven strategy can facilitate the targeted design of novel perovskites with mixed compositions and the investigation of halide perovskite segregation.
Computational exploration of two-dimensional vacancy-free boridene sheet and its derivatives: high stabilities and the promise for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Yuying , Zhang Jincan , Ma Fengxian , Wu Hongbo , Meng Weizhen , Liu Ying , Jiao Yalong , Du Aijun
Published: May 2024

The recent synthesis of a two-dimensional (2D) MBene sheet, referred to as the boridene sheet (Mo4B6Tz), has ignited considerable interest in exploring 2D transition metal borides. Boridene has an ordered arrangement of metal vacancies, which are pivotal to its stability. Employing first-principles calculations, we explored the stable phases, electronic properties and catalytic abilities of boridene with different vacancy concentrations (Vm). Our results demonstrate that Vm significantly influences the cohesive energies of boridene sheets. Phonon spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal the high stability of the vacancy-free boridene Mo6B6T6 (T = O, -OH), underscoring their potential for experimental realization. Substituting Mo atoms with Nb, Ta, or W enhances the structural stability of boridene sheets, leading to the identification of four stable variants: Nb6B6F6, Ta6B6F6, Ta6B6O6, and W6B6O6. These boridene sheets exhibit metallic behavior, with five structures displaying near-zero Gibbs free energy for hydrogen atom adsorption, indicating their potential as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The uncovering of vacancy-free boridenes and their 2D derivatives greatly broadens the scope of the MBene family.
Distributed Computing Optimization in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Cooperative Networks
Authors: Luo Wangchun , Zhang Xinghua , Shi Zhibin , Liu Hongyi
Published: May 2024

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm cooperative networks across diverse domains present significant challenges in management and control to maximize collaborative efficiency, particularly in applications for large-scale and dynamic environments where real-time coordination is essential. This challenge has led to the development of a UAV swarm cooperative network flow prediction model, facilitating the strategic anticipation of network dynamics. A novel algorithm for distributed, finite-time cooperative control is introduced, grounded in this model. This algorithm optimizes the operational efficiency and control precision of UAV systems, while simultaneously augmenting the collaborative efficiency and stability of the UAV swarms. It marks a significant advancement in distributed computing strategies, offering a viable solution for the real-time coordination challenges in extensive UAV swarm cooperative networks. The proposed approach leverages multi-agent technology, integrating spatial-temporal constraints, location limitations, and path selection in cooperative behavior for dynamic and effective network management. This study not only enhances the understanding of UAV swarm dynamics but also contributes to the practical application of UAV swarms in areas requiring precise coordination and robust network stability.
Enhanced Network Security Protection through Data Analysis and Machine Learning: An Application of GraphSAGE for Anomaly Detection and Operational Intelligence
Authors: Lu Yujing
Published: May 2024

With the Internet's rapid expansion, network security challenges have become increasingly complex and prominent. Traditional protection methods, largely dependent on predefined rules and patterns, demonstrate limited effectiveness against sophisticated and unknown network attacks, failing to harness the full potential of extensive network data. This study addresses the challenges faced by modern cybersecurity, particularly the limitations of traditional defense methods in countering unknown and complex attacks, by proposing a solution that integrates data analysis and machine learning technologies. The focus of this research is placed on network security anomaly detection as well as on intelligent network operations and maintenance exception management based on graph network algorithms, aiming to enhance security defense capabilities and operational efficiency. Specifically, the main contributions and innovations of this paper include: 1. Innovations in sampling, aggregation, and loss functions within the Graph Sample and Aggregation (GraphSAGE) model to improve the accuracy and robustness of the model for network anomaly detection; 2. The introduction of a novel network anomaly root cause analysis and localization model, which, combined with an optimized root cause likelihood assessment method and search scheme, significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of anomaly localization; 3. The design of an integrated decision support system that can automatically adjust protection strategies as network conditions change, achieving a high level of automation and intelligence in cybersecurity management. This work not only provides effective technical support for network security protection but also opens new avenues for future cybersecurity research.
Planck Quantized General Relativity Theory Written on Different Forms
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: May 2024

This paper is a brief review of our work on the Planck quantized version of general rela- tivity theory. It demonstrates several straightforward methods to rewrite the same equations that we have already presented in other papers. We also explore a relatively new general relativity-inspired field equation based on the original Newtonian mass, which is very differ- ent from today’s kilogram mass. Additionally, we examine two other field equations based on collision space-time, where both energy and matter can be described simply as space and time. We are thereby fulfilling Einstein’s dream of a theory where energy and mass are not needed, or are just aspects of space and time. If this is extended beyond the 4-dimensional space-time formalism of general relativity theory to a 6-dimensional framework—with 3 space dimensions and 3 time dimensions—this ultimately reveals that they are two sides of the same coin. In reality, it is a three-dimensional space-time theory, where space and time are just two sides of the same coin.
Sublethal and Transgenerational Effects of Nitenpyram on Acyrthosiphon gossypii and Its Impacts on Symbiotic Bacteria
Authors: Wei Yindi , Li Wenjie , Chen Ting , Su Yue , Han Xu , Yao Yongsheng
Published: May 2024

Mutualism between insects and symbiotic bacteria drives insect evolution, and insecticide resistance is affected by symbiotic bacteria, increasing the complexity of pest resistance. This study evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide nitenpyram on the population dynamics of Acyrthosiphon gossypii and measured its impact on the symbiotic bacterial community. The results showed that LC20 (2.49 mg·L−1) of nitenpyram significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan of the parent G0 generation of A. gossypii, and had similar inhibitory effects on its G1 and G2 generations. Compared with those of control group, the population parameters λ (finite rate of increase), R0 (net re-productive rate), and r (intrinsic increase rate) of G1 and G2 were significantly reduced, but mean gen-eration time (T) was increased. Nitenpyram treatment affected the biological traits of A. gossypii, and also changed the relative abundance of Buchnera and Sphingomonas in three consecutive generations G0-G2. Under nitenpyram treatment, the relative abundance of Buchnera decreased in G0, while that of Sphin-gomonas increased. The relative abundance of Buchnera increased in G1 and G2, but that of Sphingo-monas decreased. Our findings may provide a new perspective for evaluating the potential effects of pesticides on aphids.
Number of Components in the Graph Exponential with Complete Graph Exponents
Authors: Holly Melissa
Published: May 2024

Although Lov\'{a}sz introduced the graph exponential $G^K$ in 1967, this product has received little attention. This paper focuses on the number of components in $G^K$ when exponent $K$ is a complete graph $K_n$. For a connected bipartite $G$, when $K$ is $K_2$, $G^{K_2}$ has three components; and when $K$ is $K_n$ with $n>2$, $G^{K_n}$ produces $\lceil\frac{n+1}{2}\rceil$ components. A connected $G$ with an odd cycle produces one component in $G^{K_n}$.
A Quasi-Chronological Investigation of Inclusivity as a Key Constituent of Social Sustainability
Authors: Pansare Preeti , Salama Ashraf M. , McIntyre Lesley
Published: May 2024

This research critically examines the dichotomies in urban public space and discussions on city evolution over the past two centuries. The original discourse identified amplifies the importance that inclusivity needs to address issues deeper than physical accessibility. The growing diversity and changes seen in urban public open spaces are followed throughout history along a timeline of important socio-political and planning injectors in the Western world. These public spaces are the important spine connecting all the private and semi-private parts of the city. Urban public spaces have seen population changes due to globalisation, resulting in mobility and changes due to the different needs of its diverse user base. In this paper, a rigorous quasi-chronological investigation is presented. Firstly, the context of the evolution of space is established. Secondly, a closer focus on inclusion research provides a thorough analysis of the utopian city plans, the development of Haussmann's Paris and the later plans of the Centrist and the Decentrist. Thirdly, a critical and analytical understanding of the effect these precursors have had on the city's public spaces, and the hierarchies it established in a nuanced manner are made explicit. The culmination of this research process is the identification of outcomes associated with inclusivity. Findings are established across three significant themes—a) Understanding public space as social space, b) Components of inclusivity, and c) Values of inclusivity including accessibility, sense of place, conviviality and resilience. Key insights and guidance for inclusivity as a key constituent of social sustainability are the unique contribution.
Higher Light Intensity Combined with Early Topping Improve the Yield and Quality of Pea Shoots in LED Plant Factory
Authors: Liang Juwen , Ji Fang , He Dongxian
Published: May 2024

Pea shoots is a popular vegetable in certain regions of the world due to their unique taste and abundance of health-promoting phytochemicals. The perishable nature and susceptibility of root rot of pea shoots necessitate a new soilless production system located close to the market. This study compared the growth of pea shoots using various cultivation methods in LED plant factory. The results showed that early topping (4 days after transplanting, ET) promoted early harvest compared to later topping (20 days after transplanting, LT) and increased the number of harvested shoots by extending the harvest time to 2.8 times, ultimately resulting in a substantial yield improvement. Moreover, the yield of ET with lower planting density (72 plants m-2, ET-LD) was 8.7% higher than ET with higher planting density (126 plants m-2, ET-HD). Particularly, the average fresh weight of individual pea shoots under ET-LD exceeded that of ET-HD by 48.9%. It is advisable to consider adopting ET-LD for the cultivation of pea shoots in LED plant factory. Based on ET-LD, the yield, nutritional quality, and light use efficiency of pea shoots were further explored at different stages under three levels of light intensity (50, 100, 150 μmol m-2 s-1). Contrasted against the light intensity of 50 μmol m-2 s-1, the average fresh weight per pea shoots, number of harvested, and total fresh yield under light intensity of 150 μmol m-2 s-1 treatment increased by 60.2%, 62.8%, and 165.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the fresh weight per pea shoots, photosynthetic capacity, soluble sugar and vitamin C levels in leaves, as well as light use efficiency and photon yield, initially increased and then decreased with the extension of the planting period. Among these, soluble sugar, LUE, and PY started to decrease after reaching the maximum value at 60-70 days after transplanting. In conclusion, light intensity of 150 μmol m-2 s-1 with a photoperiod of 16 h d-1 using LEDs, combined with early topping within a planting period of 60-70 days, proves to be suitable for the hydroponic production of pea shoots in LED plant factory.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Penggunaan Metformin-Insulin versus Metformin-Vildagliptin Terhadap Profil Glikemik Pasien DMT2 di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSISA Periode 2022
Authors: Timur Willi Wahyu , Pradesti Asmahan Nabila
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang ditandai dengan gangguan kondisi metabolisme dengan gejala umum yaitu peningkatan kadar glukosa darah (hiperglikemia). Jumlah kasus DM semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun.Tata laksana terapi  pasien DM tipe 2 dapat dilakukan melalui 4 pilar, yaitu edukasi, pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan terapi farmakologi. Terapi farmakologi obat antidiabetik terbagi atas injeksi insulin dan oral. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivititas penggunaan obat metformin-insulin versus metformin-vildagliptin pada pasien DM tipe 2 di RS Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian observasional. Pengambilan data secara retrospektif.Data dilakukan analisis menggunakan SPSS dengan uji parametrik yaitu uji independent t-test  dan uji non parametrik menggunakan Mann-Whitney test untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas 2 kelompok obat.Hasil penelitian analisis perbandingan efektivitas penggunaan Metformin-insulin versus metformin-vildagliptin terhadap profil glikemik diperoleh nilai signifikansi profil glikemik HbA1c 0,494 p(>0,05) dan GDS 0,638 p(>0,05).Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap profil glikemik pada kelompok metformin-insulin maupun metformin-vidagliptin. 
Sintesa Nanopartikel Senyawa Bioaktif Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan Uji Pengaruh Pemanasan dan Tekanan Terhadap Diameter dan Indeks Polidispersitasnya
Authors: Saragih Horasdia
Published: May 2024

Senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan memiliki banyak manfaat. Senyawa ini memiliki sifat antioksidan, antimikroba dan antiinflamasi. Senyawa ini telah banyak digunakan untuk menyembuhkan beragam jenis penyakit. Oleh karena itu sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan obat-obatan. Namun sifatnya sangat hidrofobik dan mudah terdegradasi. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pendekatan baru yaitu memperkecil ukuran partikelnya berorde nanometer, dapat dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesa partikel senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan berukuran nanometer dan menguji pengaruh pemanasan dan tekanan terhadap diameter dan indeks polidispersitasnya. Senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol. Nanopartikelnya disintesa menggunakan surfaktan tween 80. Pengaruh pemberian pemanasan dan tekanan terhadap diameter rata-rata dan indeks polidispersitasnya, diuji. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan 6 ragam massa konsentrat hasil ekstrak: 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, dan 9 mg yang masing-masing dilarutkan ke dalam 100 mL etanol, diameter rata-rata nanopartikelnya (dan indeks polidispersitas) masing-masing adalah 10,7 nm (0,266); 11,1 nm (0,240); 11,8 nm (0,395); 12,7 nm (0,086); 12,8 nm (0,299); dan 13,2 nm (0,464). Ketika nanopartikel ini dipanaskan pada temperatur 121oC dan tekanan 2 bar selama 15 menit, diameter rata-ratanya menjadi lebih besar: 11,0 nm; 11,3 nm; 12,4 nm; 12,9 nm; 13,5 nm; 14,1 nm; dan indeks polidispersitasnya menjadi lebih kecil: 0,196; 0,202; 0,242; 0,058; 0,274; dan 0,303. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar massa konsentrat yang digunakan, semakin besar diameter rata-rata nanopartikel yang dihasilkan. Pemberian pemanasan dan tekanan, memperbesar diameter rata-rata nanopartikel dan memperkecil indeks polidispersitasnya.
Formulasi Tea Tree Oil sebagai Pengawet dalam Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Beras Merah (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)
Authors: Wulansari Eka , Siswanto Agus , Diniatik Diniatik
Published: May 2024

Bahan pengawet merupakan eksipien yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam sediaan cair seperti masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol beras merah. Penggunaan paraben diyakini memiliki efek samping jangka panjang pada sistem endokrin dan reproduksi sehingga perlu dikembangkan pengawet alami seperti tea tree oil. Selain faktor kualitas sediaan, faktor harga produk juga seringkali menjadi pertimbangan konsumen dalam membeli produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi optimum bahan pengawet metil paraben, propil paraben, dan tea tree oil dalam sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol beras merah. Metode optimasi simplex lattice design (SLD) digunakan untuk optimasi kombinasi pengawet metilparaben, propilparaben, dan tea tree oil dalam 8 run formula. Formula optimum ditentukan dengan parameter pH, daya sebar, waktu mengering, Angka Lempeng Total (ALT), Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK), dan biaya produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi tea tree oil, metilparaben, dan propilparaben dapat menjaga stabilitas masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol beras merah. Berdasarkan optimasi metode numerik diperoleh komposisi optimum pengawet dalam sediaan terdiri dari metilparaben 0,119%, propilparaben 0,151%, dan tea tree oil 0,13%.
Jaguars Guaranteed? Governance of wildlife sighting in unpredictable environments
Authors: Tortato Fernando , Gottesman Alice , Hoogesteijn Rafael , Martin Abigail , Dyble Mark , Chiaravalloti Rafael
Published: May 2024

Wildlife observation plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, community well-being, and economic development. However, achieving a balance between financial sustainability and species protection is normally a major challenge, especially in areas where wildlife observation is rare and unpredictable. In this paper, we present a theoretical and a simple mathematical model based on a recent development of property theory, pointing out a possible pathway for the long-term sustainability of wildlife observation. We illustrate the model with the case study of jaguar ecotourism in the Pantanal wetland. Our model is based on the quality of tourists' experience, predictability of the resource, and the governance strategies around it. We argue that different levels of unpredictability may require different governance structures. For instance, while resources are unpredictable, users would need mobility and cooperate on information sharing. When resources display a rather predictable pattern, users would need to impose clear boundaries on access and use. The case study from the Pantanal clearly illustrates these patterns, which have seen different levels of predictability and strategies around access to and use of natural resources. Our paper provides a new way of looking at the long-term sustainability of wildlife observation, especially in cases where resources are unpredictable.
Navigating Shared Decision-Making after the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act: A Qualitative Study by In-Depth Interviews with Terminal Cancer Patients, Families, and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Yu Soo-Young , Lee Yu-eun , Shin Sung Joon , Woo Go-un , Kim Dalyong , Kwon Jung Hye , Kim Do Yeun , Suh Eunyoung Eunice
Published: May 2024

End-of-life decision-making, particularly on the withholding of life-sustaining treatment (LST), is a complex and emotionally charged process involving healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers. This qualitative study explored the decision-making process in South Korea, where cultural norms and ethical considerations influence the dynamics of shared decision-making (SDM). Using a grounded theory approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers to elucidate the themes and processes underlying SDM for LST. The study used the '6C' framework, which could reflect the intricacies of the SDM process. The results suggest that healthcare professionals face emotional challenges and an ethical dilemma in disclosing prognoses and discussing LST withholding, often deferring such discussions until the condition of patients worsens. Cultural factors, such as collectivist values and societal taboos surrounding death, influence decision-making dynamics, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and cultural competence in healthcare settings. The proposed '6C' framework provides insights into addressing current challenges in SDM and emphasizes the importance of cultural norms and ethical obligations in end-of-life decision-making. Further research is warranted to examine the SDM process in diverse cultural contexts and develop interventions to enhance patient and family involvement in the decision-making process for LST.
Poorer representation of minds underpins less accurate mental state inference for out-groups
Authors: Payne Bryony , Bird Geoff , Catmur Caroline
Published: May 2024

Societies are becoming more polarised, driven in part by misconceptions about out-groups’ beliefs. To understand these effects, one must examine the cognitive processes underlying how people think about others. Here, we investigate whether people are less prone to theorise about the minds of out-groups, or less able to do so. Participants (Study 1: n=128; Study 2: n=128) made inferences about social and political beliefs held by real in-group and out-group members, and could choose to receive further information to improve these inferences. Results show: 1) participants sought equivalent or greater information about out-groups relative to in-groups; but despite this, 2) made significantly less accurate inferences for out-groups; and 3) were significantly less aware of their reduced ability. This shows that poorer mental state inference is not underpinned by a reduced propensity to consider out-group minds, but instead by a worse representation of the minds of out-groups.
Emission and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Behaviors of Colloidal Quantum Dots in a Metal Nanohole
Authors: Yang Shaobo , Lee Yueh-Chi , Lin Yu-Sheng , Liang Li-Ping , Kuo Yang , Yang C. C. (Chih-Chung)
Published: May 2024

The reduction of the photoluminescence (PL) decay time of a colloidal quantum dot (QD) inserted into an Ag or Au surface nanohole and the efficiency enhancement of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a green-emitting QD into a red-emitting QD are first experimentally demonstrated. Besides the factor of metal dissipation in the induced surface plasmon (SP) coupling process, the reduced PL decay time is attributed to the QD emission efficiency increase caused by the SP-coupling involved nanoscale-cavity effect. Numerical simulation studies are undertaken to confirm the feasible enhancements of QD emission, FRET, and color conversion efficiencies. In particular, by artificially changing the dielectric constant of Ag based on the Drude model, the effects of cavity resonance and SP coupling in producing the enhanced radiated power peaks can be differentiated. Such a peak can be formed when both conditions of cavity resonance and SP resonance are satisfied. In the case of a weaker (stronger) SP resonance, the combined resonance can lead to a stronger and sharper (weaker and broader) radiated power peak. The results in this paper indicate that a nanoscale metal cavity can be used for enhancing the emission and color conversion efficiencies of inserted light emitters.
Comparison of Echocardiographically-Calculated Fontan Fenestration Gradient and Catheter-Based Measurement
Authors: Sanders Emily , Chen Jim Zhongning , Nissen Timothy , Daily Joshua , Zakaria Dala , Dalby Stephen , Bolin Elijah
Published: May 2024

Background:
Patients born with single ventricle physiology typically undergo surgical palliation in three stages, culminating in the Fontan procedure. Assessment of flow across a Fontan fenestration by Doppler Ultrasound theoretically allows for non-invasive estimation of the transpulmonary gradient (TPG). Our objective was to determine the relationship between Doppler-derived mean fenestration gradient (mFG) and direct catheter-based measurements of TPG in patients with fenestrated Fontans.
Methods
We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 59 patients with fenestrated Fontans completed between 2000-2022. The primary outcome was catheter-based measurement of TPG and the primary predictor was mFG from echo performed within six months of the catheterization. Linear regression and R2 were used to determine the relationship between predictors and outcomes.
Results
Catheter-based measurements of TPG and mFG were weakly correlated (R2=0.382, p<0.001); the regression coefficient was 0.550, with a standard error of 0.09 for every increase in mFG (Cath TPG = 0.55 [mFG] + 1.92). mFG had a slightly better predictive relationship with cath-derived TPG in patients with systemic left ventricles with R2 of 0.47, p<0.004.
Conclusion
mFG accounts for approximately 38% of the variance in catheter-derived TPG. Although mFG is non-invasive and intuitive, mFG in Fontan patients should be interpreted with caution and direct measurement by cardiac catheterization should be considered.
A Misplaced CuT Found Decades Later in Hysterectomy Integration “Case Report”
Authors: Dixit Anjani , Hood Mitesh Mohan
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Intrauterine contraceptive devices are vital for long-term contraception, but their potential complications, such as migration and embedment, can present diagnostic challenges.
Case Presentation:
We present a case study of a 51-year-old woman with symptoms of excessive menstrual bleeding and recurrent abdominal pain. Despite initial ultrasound indications of an IUCD, further evaluations suggested a potential endometrial mass. Hindered by obesity-related imaging limitations, comprehensive clinical assessments guided management decisions.
Conclusion
The patient opted for laparoscopic hysterectomy, revealing a surprising finding: a misplaced copper intrauterine device embedded within the uterine fundus. This case emphasizes the complexities in diagnosing intrauterine abnormalities and underscores the importance of thorough evaluation and patient-centered care in treatment planning.
Influencing factors of early neurological deterioration in COVID-19 -associated acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Jian , Tao Lin
Published: May 2024

Background: COVID-19 contributes to dysfunction and increased mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, whether COVID-19 causes early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with AIS and its underlying influencing factors are currently unclear.To ascertain the autonomous risk factors associated with END in stroke cases related to COVID-19.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of data collected from November 2022 to February 2023 from patients with AIS complicated with COVID-19. The patients were divided into non-END and END groups, and their demographic characteristics, laboratory and imaging data were analyzed to investigate the risk factors for END in AIS patients complicated with COVID-19.
Results: A total of 83 patients were enrolled in this study, and divided in to END (n = 22) and non-END (n = 61) groups. We found that patients with high baseline NIHSS score (P = 0.044), preexisting diabetes (P < 0.01), stroke (P < 0.01) and abnormal electrocardiogram (P < 0.01) were prone to END. Compared to patients with non-END, serum hs-CRP (P < 0.01), hs-cTn (P < 0.01), PT (P < 0.01), and DD (P < 0.01) were obviously increased in patients with EDN. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified preexisting diabetes, stroke, high baseline NIHSS score, abnormal electrocardiogram, prolonged PT value, increased hs-CRP and elevated DD as independent risk factors for ENG in COVID-19-associated AIS.
Conclusions: Patients with preexisting diabetes, stroke, high baseline NIHSS score, abnormal electrocardiogram, prolonged serum PT value, significantly increased hs-CRP and DD are prone to END in COVID-19-associated AIS.
The role of parental involvement in the development of prosocial behavior in young children: an evolutionary model among Colombian families
Authors: Prada Manuel , Obando Diana , Sandoval-Reyes Juan , Mejía-Lozano Maria Andrea , Hil Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Prosocial behavior is a relevant indicator of children's socio-emotional development linked to decreased conduct and emotional problems. The present study aimed to identify cross-sectional direct effects of parental involvement on prosocial behavior in three-time assessments (t0, t1, and t2), to identify carryover effects of the study constructs, and to identify the evolution of these effects over time. A sample of 235 Colombian families participated at t0, 220 at t1, and 145 at t2 by completing self-reported questionnaires for prosocial behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire for parental involvement. Using PLS-SEM path modeling, we found that the contribution of parental involvement to prosocial behavior was significant in the three assessments. Carryover analyses indicated that initial levels of parental involvement and initial levels of prosocial behavior predict later levels. Using multigroup analysis, we tested significant changes in the path coefficients of direct effects, finding nonsignificant results. For carryover effects, we found changes in parental involvement between t0/t1 and t1/t2. Finally, t-test analyses were used to identify changes in the construct's means over time, finding significant changes between parental involvement at t1 and t2. No mean differences were found for prosocial behavior. Results from this study highlight the relevance of parental involvement during childhood for maintaining children's levels of prosocial behavior and reducing the risk of socio-emotional problems. Preventive approaches for these problems should include parents' training on parental involvement from age 3.5 years or earlier.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Special Considerations and Clinical Outcomes in Surgical Management of Spinal Fractures, Case Series and Analysis of Twenty Patients
Authors: Farrokhi Majid Reza , Eghbal Keyvan , Nouraei Hormoz , Liaghat Alireza , Motlagh Mohammad hadi Amir Shahpari , yousefi Omid , Mousavi Seyed Reza
Published: May 2024

Background
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a systemic inflammatory disease that involves axial skeleton the most. It causes ascending inflammation and thus rigidity in spinal column, from sacroiliac joint to the cervical region. Spinal column deformities beside vulnerability to trauma, alters the patients’ quality of life and put their neural elements to a great risk.
Material and method:
In this study, we reviewed data of twenty AS patients who underwent spinal surgery due to trauma, over 12 years in our center. Spinal radiologic indices beside clinical evaluation of quality of life and neurologic status were reviewed and mentioned.
Results
AS patients who were operated due to severe deformity and instability, correction of spinopelvic indices correlated with significant improvement in their quality of life and pain scores. Among those who were operated due to fracture and/or neurologic damage, clinical and neurologic improvement was significant.
Conclusion
Spinal trauma and mal-alignment in AS, correlates with neurological compromise and clinical symptoms such as pain and gate disturbance. Near complete correction of these indices improves patients’ quality of life. Traumatic spinal fractures in AS, should be considered unstable unless otherwise proved. Meticulous surgical stabilization in such cases usually indicates.
Assessment of the Knowledge and Practice of Point-of-care Urinalysis in an Emergency Department in Ghana
Authors: Iroko Davidson , Forson Paa Kobina , Bonney Joseph , Oduro George
Published: May 2024

Objective
Point-of-care urinalysis (POCU) is a common procedure in many emergency departments (EDs). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of POCU using a questionnaire and by direct observation.
Methods
This was a two-phase observational study at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital ED. In phase 1, participants were assessed using a 13-item questionnaire on knowledge and practice of POCU. This was recorded as “knowledge score.” In phase 2, participants were provided urine specimen to test blinded to research assistants who observed them and marked them based on a standardized 8-point checklist. This was also recorded as “performance score”. Demographic data such as age, sex, profession/rank and years of service were also collected. Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
120 and 147 ED staff (EDS) participated in phases 1 and 2 of the study respectively. The average knowledge and performance scores were 8.7 [Standard deviation (SD) = 2.1] and 5.0 [SD = 1.0] respectively. There was no relationship between knowledge score and working experience (r = 0.003, p = 0.97) but there was a weak positive relationship between knowledge score and number of sources of information (r = 0.26, p = 0.004). The commonest source of information on POCU was on-the-job training (70.8% of participants).
Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Evidence from the Toll Road Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Denny Chandra , Alversia Yeshika
Published: May 2024

Toll road rest areas are one of the main pillars of the toll road industry, and higher interest in buying at toll road rest areas is one of the keys to their financial success. The research aimed to identify and analyze the relationship between revisit intention and customer loyalty, as well as perceived price fairness, perceived satisfaction, and service quality. These variables were believed to be the main drivers for toll road users to make purchases at toll road rest areas. A statistical analysis approach was used with the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method for 573 respondents. They were consumers of the Trans Java toll road rest area. The survey was conducted directly on customers of the Trans Java toll road rest area at 15 locations. The results show that perceived price justice and satisfaction positively and significantly impact revisit intention. Then, revisit intention has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. Service quality has a positive and significant impact on perceived satisfaction and customer loyalty. The findings show that service quality, which is most strongly influenced by assurance, responsiveness, and empathy, is the main factor influencing customer loyalty. Based on the research results, the practical application is how managers can improve service quality, perceived price justice, and perceived satisfaction for price-sensitive consumers, who also tend to be sensitive to the service quality they get.
Jakarta’s Generation Z and Local Fashion Industry: Unveiling the Impact of Brand Image, Perceived Quality, and Country of Origin
Authors: Heriyati Pantri , Bismo Aryo , Erwinta Monica
Published: May 2024

The local fashion industry in Indonesia faces tough competition with imported brands, driven by shifting consumer preferences, particularly during the pandemic. The research examined the impact of country of origin on purchase intention in the casual fashion industry, with brand image and perceived quality as intervening factors. It involved 412 Indonesian Gen Z in Jakarta as respondents with prior experience in the local casual fashion market. Data were collected through online questionnaires, and the SEM-PLS analysis method with SmartPLS v3.2.9 software was used for analysis. Results show that country of origin significantly influences brand image and perceived quality, affecting purchase intention. The research aligns with prior consumer perceptions studies. The implications offer guidance for casual fashion industry marketers and retailers. Emphasizing a positive country of origin image and focusing on brand image and perceived quality can impact purchase decisions, particularly among Indonesian Gen Z consumers in Jakarta. Future research can also expand the scope to include a broader sample and employ qualitative methods for deeper consumer insights. In conclusion, the research enhances understanding of consumer behavior in the casual fashion industry by revealing the role of country of origin, brand image, and perceived quality in shaping purchase intentions. Businesses can utilize these insights to refine their marketing strategies and better cater to their target consumers’ preferences.