bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disposición a pagar por carne de cerdo sin antibióticos en el Estado de México
Authors: Hernández Valdivia Miriam Susana , Valdivia Alcalá Ramón , Melo Guerrero Enrique , Hernández Ortiz Juan , Valenzuela Núñez Luis Manuel , Martínez Damián Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2023

La carne de cerdo representa la segunda fuente de proteína en México debido a los múltiples beneficios de su consumo. Sin embargo, diversos estudios relacionan el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos con problemas de salud pública. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la disposición a pagar por carne de cerdo libre de antibióticos con el método de valoración contingente (VC). Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 156 consumidores en la zona oriente del Estado de México y se analizaron los datos con un modelo logit binomial. Se encontró en promedio, una disposición a pagar una prima de 16.34% (MXN $17.81 kg-1) como sobreprecio. Las variables más representativas fueron monto de la prima, edad, número de dependientes en el hogar, ingreso y frecuencia de consumo. Los resultados indicaron que existe un mercado potencial para carne de cerdo diferenciada libre de antibióticos y que los consumidores están dispuestos a pagar una prima por kg 16.34% adicional al precio de la carne convencional.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Trigonella foenum graecum Seeds Extract
Authors: Verma Neha , Katare Vivekanand , Kalme Nisha , Delouri Abhilasha , Nema Shivam
Published: March 2023

In the current work, we completed a comprehensive assessment of the relative antioxidant activity in extracts from a few different medicinal plant species.The extracts' effectiveness at scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was assessed spectrophotometrically. The highest degree of radical scavenging was 52.54%, while the IC50 value was 93.54.Trigonella foenum graecum extract demonstrates how the greater concentration of phytoconstituents chemicals leads to more powerful radical scavenging results.
Keywords: Trigonella foenum graecum, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phytochemical analysis
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Rosa indica Linn
Authors: Nagar Divya , Katare Vivekanand , Sen Shreeram , Delouri Abhilasha , Nema Shivam
Published: March 2023

Plants have served human beings as a natural source for treatments and therapies from ancient times, amongst them medicinal herbs have gain attention because of its wide use and less side effects. In the recent years plant research has increased throughout the world and a huge amount of evidences have been collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Rosa indica symbol of godness and beauty known for various healing power, has astringent, sedative, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant qualities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities of leaves of Rosa indica. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the leave part was assessed against DPPH free radical scavenging assay methods using standard protocols. The activities of methanolic leave part extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 24.34 and 62.66μg/ml respectively. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Rosa indica, DPPH assay method, Methanolic extract
Evaluation of In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaves of Pongamia pinnata
Authors: Bairagi Jyoti , Katare Vivekanand , Chourey Bharti , Delouri Abhilasha , Nema Shivam
Published: March 2023

Inflammation is a reaction of a living vascularised tissue to an injury. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases are inadequate, it sometimes have serious side effects. So, number of herbal medicines is recommended for the treatment of inflammation that has no side effects. Pongamia pinnata, Pierre (Family- Fabaceae) commonly known as karanja. The seed and seed oil of the plant have been reported to be effective in various inflammatory and infectious diseases such as leucoderma, leprosy, lumbago, muscular and articular rheumatism, cutaneous affection including herpes and scabies etc. in folk medicine and Ayurveda, a traditional system of healing . Anti-inflammatory activities of this plant for various parts have been reported in various models. This study examined the anti-inflammatory potential of a methanolic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata and reference drug Declofenac sodium, invitro using heat-induced protein denaturation technique. The concentrations of the leave extract used were 50-250μg/ml. While diclofenac sodium were 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250μg/ml. Both the Diclofenac sodium and extract showed the IC50 values 18.36 and 82.24µg/ml respectively. It is concluded that the methanolic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata possess marked in vitro anti-inflammatory activity which is mediated possibly by flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. This is a novel finding. Further the results scientifically justify the use of leaves of Pongamia pinnata in India traditional medicine to treat inflammation.
Keywords: Inflammation, Pongamia pinnata, Fabaceae, heat-induced protein denaturation technique
Apicoectomy for Periapical Lesion Treatment after Post Endodontic Failure on First Maxillary Premolar (Case Study)
Authors: Soesilo Diana , Pangabdian Fani , Wijaya Yongki Hadinata , Puspita Sinta
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Factors that cause failure of endodontic therapy include incomplete cleaning and shaping of root canals and unhermetic obturation. Endodontic failure can lead to periapical lesions. Apicoectomy is one of endodontic surgery treatment choice to preserving the tooth with endodontic treatment failure. Aim. The aim of this report was to show that in cases of failure of root canal treatment could be treat without extraction, however there was an alternative treatments such as apicoectomy that could be used to preserve the tooth and its function in the oral cavity.Case. A male 32 years old patient came to dentist with persistent pain on upper left first premolar. The tooth had been endodontically treated for ten years. Clinical examination tooth #24 had porcelain fused to metal on it, percussion test (+), bite test (+), pain on palpation. Radiographic examination showed that tooth #24 had fabricated post without gutta percha obturation on apical third. There was 3 mm round periapical lesion on the distal side of the tooth. Procedure Apicoectomy and retrograde filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and bone graft was performed to eliminate that periapical lesion. Conclusion Apicoectomy is one of main choice to preserve post endodontic tooth with periapical lesion and post core crown on it, as long as possible in oral cavity
Keywords : Apicoectomy, Periapical lesion, Post endodontic treatment failure
An Updated Review on Recent Advancements in the Diverse Biological Applications of Medicinally Privileged Scaffold: Chalcone and its derivatives
Authors: Sekar Praveen , Kumar Shridharshini , Raju Senthil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Fused heterocyclic compounds rank among the most significant systems in medicinal chemistry because of their wide-ranging biological effects. Among the various class of compounds, chalcones and their derivatives are found to be one of the important classes in the field of synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry. These derivatives are mainly synthesized by means of Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, which provides wider applications in the field of medicine. Due to the broader biological applications like antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, anti-vitiligo and neuroprotective properties, these derivatives extended their role in coordination chemistry and also act as intermediates for the synthesis of various organic derivatives containing isoxazole, pyrazole, pyrimidine, naphthalene, indole, polyamine and other moieties as hybrid molecules. The present review discusses the biological applications of various chalcone derivatives. Due to their easiest way of synthesis, nowadays, these types of derivatives were tried for various ailments and by means of implementing various greener chemistry approaches, novel and potent derivatives can be synthesized and applied for various applications. Thus, this review will be helpful for the design of potent chalcone derivatives for numerous applications in the future.
Keywords: Chalcones, 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, microbial properties, anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective and biological applications
Effects of Oral Hygiene Habits on the Clinical Performance of Tooth-Coloured Posterior Restorations
Authors: Omokhua Harrison , Sede Mathew A , Enabulele Joan E
Published: March 2023

Background: The search for a material that will meet the present-day demands for good aesthetics and functionality has continued to generate interest in dental material sciences. Resinous materials, especially composite resins have no doubt been employed in meeting some of these demands. These restorations like the natural teeth are often exposed to the effect of toothbrushing and other oral hygiene practices.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the effects of toothbrushing on the clinical performance of Resin-based Composites in posterior teeth.

Method: This was a prospective study carried out in the conservative clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Following ethical approval, thirty-five patients who had at least three posterior teeth caries and met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. The 35 patients then received three restorations each of Organically modified ceramics (ORMOCER), Nanohybrid, and micro-hybrid

Results: Thirty-five participants were recruited for this study. Of the 35 participants, 29 (82.9%) were females while 6 (17.1%) were males, giving a female-to-male ratio of 4:1. Each participant had 3 cavities which were restored with each of the test materials, giving a total of 105 restorations. There was a statistically significant finding with those who brushed using the horizontal technique as well as with those who brushed for a longer duration.

Conclusion: The present study showed that oral hygiene habits especially tooth brushing have effects on the clinical performance of Resin-based Composites, though the effects vary depending on the aspect of toothbrushing.

Keywords: Effects, Oral hygiene, Clinical Performance, Posterior restorations
Novel 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole-pyridine hybrids as potential DNA gyrase B inhibitors (5D7R): ADMET prediction and molecular docking study
Authors: Durgadasheemi Nagaraj N , Kolageri Shivanand N
Published: March 2023

A small molecule (ligand) is placed in the binding site of its macromolecular target (receptor) using a computational process called molecular docking, which also calculates the binding affinity of the small molecule. With the use of PyRx software, the current study tried a high-throughput in-silico screening of 16 compounds docked with the crystal structure of DNA gyrase B receptors (PDB ID: 5D7R). In the range of -8.0 and -8.1, 3 of these 16 compounds displayed very good mol dock scores. As a typical medicine, amoxicillin medications have a mol dock score of -7.1. According to the results, all of the investigated ligands occupy similar positions and directions within the putative binding site of DNA gyrase B receptors (PDB ID: 5D7R), which reveals a sizable area surrounded by a membrane binding domain that acts as a pathway for substrate entry into the active site. Additionally, any small molecule's affinity can be viewed as a special instrument in the field of drug design and provide a possibility for future study to create an antibacterial activity. Additionally, ADME evaluations must be used to confirm compounds that are candidates for oral administration. The findings demonstrated that compound 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4i, 4j, and 4k absorbed from GIT and compound 4i, 4j, and 4k fulfilled the Lipinski rule.

Keywords: 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole, ADME Evaluation, molecular docking, antimicrobial activity
Design and In-Vitro Evaluation of Compressed Kollidon® SR Based Naproxen Sodium Microcapsule: Effect of Talc
Authors: Jalil Reza-Ul , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Laman Fuad M
Published: March 2023

Naproxen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic antipyretic properties. In this research work, naproxen sodium was encapsulated by solvent-evaporation technique using kollidon® SR as coating polymeric material to prolong the therapeutic duration of the drug. Four different concentrations of talc were used as additives to see the changes in drug release pattern from the compressed microcapsules. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to study size and surface morphology of prepared microcapsules. UV-spectrophotometric method was applied to calculate the drug loading efficiency and the performance of the prepared dosage form was evaluated in terms of in-vitro dissolution studies according to USP paddle method (type 2) in 400 ml in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 8 hours at 370 ± 50 C temperature at 50 rpm. Release of naproxen sodium from the compressed microcapsules was found to follow hixon crowell mechanism (R2=0.99). Hixon equation was used to calculate the release exponent value (n) which indicates the drug release behavior and the mean dissolution time T50% (MDT) for release rate. The surfaces of the microcapsules became smoother with the increase in talc amount and simultaneously decrease in drug release rate.

Keywords: Naproxen sodium, Kollidon® SR, microcapsule, emulsion solvent evaporation technique, MDT (Mean Dissolution Time)
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Liquid Insecticide
Authors: Khandelwal Sanskrati , Maheshwari Prachi , Jain Vikas , Mahajan Suresh Chandra
Published: March 2023

Extensive usage of commercially available synthetic pesticides against phytophagous insects has resulted in their bio-accumulation in the environment, leading to a rise in resistance and a decrease in soil biodiversity over time. In addition, 90% of the sprayed pesticides penetrate the different natural resources via runoff, exposing farmers and consumers of agricultural products to serious health risks. As a result, increasing emphasis has been placed on the creation of environmentally benign pesticides/insecticides that would enable an effective pest management system and minimise chronic exposures that contribute to illnesses. The utilization of the herbal active compounds with insecticidal activities is one such technique. Hence the aim of this study was to develop herbal insecticide formulations from extracts of leaves of Azadirachta Indica, Datura Stramonium, Cascabela Thevetia and seeds of Annona Squamosa. Insecticidal efficacy of developed formulations was tested in-vitro against ballworm larvae. The study unveiled its significance in developing herbal insecticidal formulations as an alternative to harmful synthetic chemical insecticides and a step forward towards development of a promising eco-friendly technology in crop protection.

Keywords: Insecticides, Biopesticide, Azadirachta indica, Datura Stramonium, Annona Squamosa, Cascabela Thevetia.
Bioactive Ethnomedicinal Plant Extracts for the Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy Women Challenges in Pandemic Period
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Mohankumar A.
Published: March 2023

Today urinary tract infection causing Escherichia coli is also serious problem among pregnant women especially during pandemic period. So the mid stream urine samples were collected from different clinics and Public Health Centre in from rural area of Salem city. Totally 25 E. coli was isolated from 25 mid stream urine samples and confirmed by biochemical test and growth parameters. In this study the optimum growth was recorded in pH 7 at 37ᵒC. To date the patterns of resistance to the antimicrobial agents may be due to indiscriminate, wide spread and lengthy use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTI particularly in pandemic situation 2022. So, the present research targeted to extract the therapeutic drug from the high medicinal value of ethano medicinal plant extract because it having anti-UTI compound to diagnose the UTI infection. In this research the antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula, Allium sativum, Laurus nobilis, Hybamthus enneapermus, Cinnamomum tamala and Zingiber officinale was studied by agar well diffusion method. Four different concentrations (25μl, 50μl, 75μl and 100μl) were used against Escherichia coli. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in plant extracts Terminalia chebula 11mm, 13mm, 16mm and 20mm in strain no. EC05 followed by minimum zone of inhibition was observed in the plant extract Hybamthus enneapermus 10mm in strain no. EC05 at 100μl concentration of crude plant extracts. The research proved the ethano medicinal plant extract to cleave the pathogenic cell wall of E. coli.

Keywords: E. coli, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy Women, Medicinal Plant Extracts
Design, Development and Characterization of Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) by HPH Method Loaded with Anticancer Drug
Authors: Gorle Ashish , Pawar Tushar , Mahhirao Jayesh
Published: March 2023

The Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) was formulated with the aim to improve the aqueous solubility and thus ultimately oral bioavailability of Axitinib. Axitinib loaded NLCs were formulated using Compritol ATO 888 as solid-lipid, Oleic acid as liquid-lipid and Tween 80 as surfactant by the High-Pressure Homogenization technique. A full 23 factorial design was utilized to study the effect of the independent parameters, solid-lipid to the liquid-lipid ratio (6:4) and surfactant, on the dependent variables such as Mean Particle Size (MPS) and Entrapment Efficiency (%EE). Optimized formulation showed 202.2 nm MPS, -21.5 mV zeta-potential and 0.44 PDI, and 88% EE, which imparts good stability of developed NLCs. The physicochemical characterization of AXT loaded NLCs was done by examining the results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. The stability study of optimized formulation was found to be stable with no significant change in particle size, and drug content. In vitro release profiles of NLCs indicated a burst release for the first 2 hrs followed by a prolonged-release profile for AXT until about more than 10 hrs. The Axitinib NLCs may provide a better bioavailability, reduction in dose, dosing frequency, dose-related side effects and better control of the disease. A foresaid results showed the potential of NLCs for significant improvement in oral bioavailability of poorly soluble Axitinib in cancer treatment.

Keywords: NLCs, full factorial design, high-pressure homogenization, in-vitro release
Fluorimetric Determination of Antiviral (COVID-19) Drug Favipiravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Bhavya Sri K. , Fatima Md. Saba , Banu Shaheen , Sumakanth M.
Published: March 2023

Favipiravir is a synthetic prodrug, which was first discovered while assessing the antiviral activity of chemical agents active against the influenza virus in the chemical library of Toyoma chemicals. It works by inhibiting RNA dependant RNA polymerase (RdRP), an enzyme required for RNA viral replication inside human cells. A simple, rapid, and economic method was developed for the quantitative determination of Favipiravirusing spectrofluorometer. The Favipiravir standard drug solution and sample tablet solution was prepared using double distilled water as a diluent. The different concentrations ofpure drugin the range 2-10 μg/ml and one sample solution were measured for the intensity at 432nm in the spectrofluorometer. The calibration curve was plotted and the sample’s unknown concentration was calculated from the plot. The calibration curve was found to be linear with r2 value obtained as 0.99.There are various other methods available for the quantification of Favipiravir which include RP-HPLC, UV-spectroscopic methods, FTIR, LC-MS with different extraction methods spiked in human plasma but not by using spectrofluorometer. Favipiravir shows fluorescence when dissolved in appropriate solvent hencethis method was developed to quantify Favipiravir which is a simple and efficient method. This method developed is easy and can be used for routine quality control test for Favipiravir pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords: Favipiravir, spectrofluorometer, Calibration curve.
Microneedles: Recent advances and development in the field of transdermal drug delivery technology
Authors: Arora Monica , Laskar Tanjima Tarique
Published: March 2023

Microneedles have emerged as a novel therapeutic modality in transdermal drug delivery system. The concept of microneedle has caught attention of the investigators owing to its immense utilities and unique promising features of painless drug delivery by crossing the impervious barrier layer of stratum corneum of skin efficiently in a non-invasive manner. It provides excellent therapeutic potency and bioavailability of drugs compared to most other conventional drug delivery routes. Microneedles have supremacy on avoidance of pre-systemic first pass metabolism of administered drugs, better patient compliance and avoidance of gastric irritation which outweighs the adherence of other conventional drug delivery system. As a trendy approach in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field, its applications are constantly evolving due to its ability to deliver large molecules with ionic and hydrophilic nature along with delivery of other products like insulin, vaccine, vitamins, peptides, oligonucleotides etc. The review provides an insight on recent advances of microneedles by emphasizing on various types, fabrication techniques, fabrication materials and various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of microneedles along with some approved marketed microneedle products.

Keywords: Microneedles, types, fabrication techniques, commercial products
A Review on Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Applications of Chalcone-based Schiff Bases
Authors: SEKAR PRAVEEN , KUMAR SHRIDHARSHINI , Raju Senthil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Heterocyclic compounds are an important class of compounds in the field of pharmaceutical and synthetic organic chemistry. The Schiff bases contain azomethine linkages which are obtained by the condensation of aldehyde/ketone with amines. Among the various types of Schiff bases, the chalcone-based Schiff bases play a vital role in the treatment of various ailments and various applications, which can be synthesized by using different types of chalcones as the starting materials. These types of compounds were synthesized by using various techniques like conventional means of synthesis, microwave-assisted reaction, heterocyclic catalyst-mediated synthesis and also by means of trituration. The chalcone or bis-chalcone-based Schiff bases and their derivatives contain -C=N linkage which exhibits various activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and immunosuppressant activities. Beyond these activities, these types of Schiff bases are also used in various chemical industries and fluorescent sensors, which also play a major role in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and coordination chemistry as intermediates. This review discusses the numerous synthetic strategies along with their applications in the field of medicine. Thus, this review will be helpful in developing more effective drug-like scaffolds for use in future drug design.

Keywords: Schiff bases, Chalcone-based Schiff bases, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Biological Applications
Effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) ethanol extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity on hematology in male rats
Authors: Angela Intan Farah Diba , Dalimunthe Aminah , Harahap Urip , Satria Denny
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Doxorubicin is one of the chemotherapy drugs that have harmful effects on blood hematology. Blood hematological diseases are caused by its adverse effects and anticancer properties. The antioxidant properties of several plants have been reported to be closely related to reduced toxicity in blood hematology. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) ethanolic extract (AEE) is thought to reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin due to the antioxidant properties of its secondary metabolite content. This study aimed to determine the effect of AEE on doxorubicin-induced rats and its effect on blood cells.  Materials and Method: A total of 24 male rats were divided into 6 groups: (1) Normal group; (2) 0.5% Na-CMC group; (3) 50 mg/kg BW quercetin group; (4) AEE 75 mg/kg BW group; (5) AEE 150 mg/kg BW group; and (6) AEE group 300 mg/kg BW administered orally for 9 days. On days 8 and 9, doxorubicin 10 mg/kg BW was administered. Rats were sacrificed for blood collection, and measured at the Integrated Laboratory of the USU Hospital. Results: AEE reduces the toxicity of doxorubicin on blood parameters. Furthermore, it affects Hb, white blood cells, platelet cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and several related protein metabolisms as well as organ damage. Dose 150 or 300 mg/kg AEE reduce all blood toxins to near-normal levels and decrease the lymphocyte and neutrophil suppressive activity of doxorubicin. Conclusion: Andaliman ethanol extract can improve Hb count, white blood cells, platelet cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, protein metabolism, and organ damage. Furthermore, AEE can be used in combination with doxorubicin to reduce its hematological toxicity.

Keywords: toxicity, hematology, doxorubicin, andaliman, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, extract
Acute bloody diarrhea in children below five years of age in Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Al Mamory Basheer Hussien Mugheer , Al Obeidi Asaad  Fakhri Hasan , Al Kenani Ahmed Kamel Tooman
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The aim of study is to find the causes, how optimal diagnosis and what is the most causative agents of bloody diarrhea in infants and children.

Methods: One hundred children with bloody diarrhea (three or more loose bowel motion / day with visible blood in stool) from total 1660 of gastroenteritis where studied in Babylon hospital for maternity and children in Hilla from (1st of March to 31 August 2012), all of them were less than five years of age. Those with surgical condition excluded from the study.

Results: Higher percentage with E. histolytica 50 (50%).Their stool culture was showed growth of normal flora. Second microorganism was E. Coli 20 (20%), Third microorganism was Shigella 7 (7%). There is no relationship between types of microorganisms in bloody diarrhea and different age group. More than 50% of the patients with bloody diarrhea was found in those who were below 2 years. There is no significant difference between type of microorganisms and gender of the patient’s. There is significant difference between total number of cases and gender of the patient’s. Male more affected 56 (56%) than female 44 (44%). There is a significant difference between total number of patients and residence of patients. Patient come from rural area were more 60 (60%) than those from urban area 40 (40%).

Conclusion: Entamoeba Histolytica one of the most frequent offending pathogen in-patient with bloody diarrhea in our society. Children below 2 years are the main affected group and male sex affected more than female.
Perceval: A Software Platform for Discrete Variable Photonic Quantum Computing
Authors: Heurtel Nicolas , Fyrillas Andreas , Gliniasty Grégoire de , Le Bihan Raphaël , Malherbe Sébastien , Pailhas Marceau , Bertasi Eric , Bourdoncle Boris , Emeriau Pierre-Emmanuel , Mezher Rawad , Music Luka , Belabas Nadia , Valiron Benoît , Senellart Pascale , Mansfield Shane , Senellart Jean
Published: March 2023

We introducePerceval, an open-source software platform for simulating and interfacing with discrete-variable photonic quantum computers, and describe its main features and components. Its Python front-end allows photonic circuits to be composed from basic photonic building blocks like photon sources, beam splitters, phase-shifters and detectors. A variety of computational back-ends are available and optimised for different use-cases. These use state-of-the-art simulation techniques covering both weak simulation, or sampling, and strong simulation. We give examples ofPercevalin action by reproducing a variety of photonic experiments and simulating photonic implementations of a range of quantum algorithms, from Grover's and Shor's to examples of quantum machine learning.Percevalis intended to be a useful toolkit for experimentalists wishing to easily model, design, simulate, or optimise a discrete-variable photonic experiment, for theoreticians wishing to design algorithms and applications for discrete-variable photonic quantum computing platforms, and for application designers wishing to evaluate algorithms on available state-of-the-art photonic quantum computers.
Ways of Forming Social-Emotional Development In Preschool Children
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Ismailova Nigar
Published: March 2023

The article talks about ways of shaping social-emotional development in preschool children. At the same time, the issues of the development of this process in different age periods are also touched upon. Ways to support social-emotional development are also included in the analysis. The article also examines the issues that ensure community and its development in the process of social development. Examples of games about this are given in the article. In addition, social and emotional development of a child from the first years of his life has a great influence on the development of his personality. Social development is the ability of the child to communicate, cooperate, work together with relatives, and then with children and adults, as well as mastering social norms. Emotional development means that the child understands the feelings of others, expresses his own feelings correctly and regulates his feelings. The social development of the child starts with the family and is continued in the pre-school educational institution. This chain continues and shows itself. For a child, the early age period is characterized by unstable emotional mood, emergence of emotions, sensitivity. All this determines the main directions of psychological work with children - the emotionality of the child's life and help in its regulation. In preschool children, social and emotional qualities develop together. The child regulates his emotional mood based on the norms of the social environment in which he lives. Through socio-emotional development, children develop a positive attitude towards people, kindness, care, mutual help, sharing in other people's pain, conflict resolution, etc. such moral qualities are formed. Children acquire basic skills of play, work and practical activities, rules of behavior in a team. During this period, various forms of initial interaction of children with adults and peers emerge. In the article, the work carried out in this direction is included in the analysis and detailed information is given about them. The fuller and more colorful the child's activity, the more important it is for the child and reflects his nature, the better his development will be.
Development of Reading Ability in Childhood by the Example of Georgian Language
Authors:   West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Karimsakova Anara , Kupenova Aigul , Kuzembayeva Gulzhana
Published: March 2023

The State policy of the three of languages in the Republic of Kazakhstan suggests speaking three languages: Kazakh as a state language, Russian as a language of international communication and English as a language of successful integration into global economics. With more than 130 nationalities living in Kazakhstan, most of the population is bilingual (Kazakh and Russian). People’s studying of English is motivated by the government programmes on the development at all stages of education. Introduction of trilingualism at the Universities provides opening English departments, systematic work on publishing and translation of University text-books into English and studying languages based on international standards. All teachers who participated in the survey chose Kazakh as their mother tongue and 87.50% of them are bilingual. The survey results show that 75% of respondents consider themselves trilingual, whereas 25% of them are not sure whether their knowledge of one language matches the level of the others. According to the teachers, the most difficult matter in teaching subjects in English for them is using correct grammar and verb forms in their speech (50%); choosing appropriate methods of teaching (12.5%); finding and selecting necessary study materials (12.5%) and listening and speaking (12.5%). At the same time 12.5% of respondents have no difficulties at all in the process of teaching in English. The best way of improving English, as the teachers think, is reading books in English (37.5%). 25% of teachers suggest practicing English with a native speaker or improving the language skills abroad. 86.36% of students are bilingual and 65.91% of them are trilingual. All students (100%) responded that they like studying in English and 72.73% of them are satisfied with the process and level of teaching in English. 25% students see benefits in gaining and enhancing knowledge with the help of English, which helps them better communicate with foreign people (20.5%). 13.6% of students reported that studying in English is interesting, helpful and just a great experience being a wide source of information and first access to world literature (11.4%). Besides, knowledge of English opens an expanding perspective, opportunities for a future profession and makes it possible to develop into a qualified specialist (11.4%). 9.1% students surveyed that knowing English they can participate in academic exchanges, study medicine in foreign countries and work abroad. English is the key to confidence, self-popularization (6.8%) and enhanced mental activity (2.2%). Teaching and studying in English is challenging for the teachers and students of the University yet offering new skills and opportunities in their career path.
Several aspects of the phenomenon of interference in the teaching of the Georgian language (on the example of Azerbaijani-speaking learners)
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Gabunia Kakha , Machitidze Elisabed
Published: March 2023

Several peculiarities appear in the process of teaching the Georgian language to Azerbaijanis, which are caused by the structural and typological differences between the Georgian and Azerbaijani languages. In the process of teaching the Georgian language, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the phonetic, morphological and syntactic structures of the Azerbaijani language, because often linguistic interference becomes an obstacle to communication in the second language.
Review: Larissa Aronin. An Advanced Guide to Multilingualism. Edinburgh
Authors:   University of Helsinki, Finland, Protassova Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

With this textbook by Larissa Aronin, those who prepare a course on multilingualism do not need to search for other sources, because it is comprehensive, concise, and up to date. In the modern world, full of minorities, refugees and migrants, it should be a must-read for every schoolteacher and student. Being an overview of the latest fundamental issues in the field, the book contains multidisciplinary and hands-on resources. Yet, it is not only about multilingual people and their groups, but also about spaces and objects used by linguistically diverse communities. Everyone needs to be aware of challenges posed by multilinguals in education, translation as well as societal and family language policy. Indeed, the multiple languages and identities of children and old people, those in care and under investigation and trial reveal problematic attitudes. It can be easily used as a course book during a twelve-week semester.
Identification of characteristics of didactic and meta-didactic mathematical knowledge of novice and expert teachers when reflecting on class episodes
Authors: Morales-López Yuri , Bocker Páez Andrew , Argüello Vega Danilo , Breda Adriana
Published: March 2023

This article describes the didactic analysis carried out by an expert teacher and a novice teacher, based on the didactic suitability criteria (DSC) of the Onto Semiotic Approach (OSA) when analyzing episodes of a high school mathematics class in Costa Rica. This is a qualitative investigation with an interpretive hermeneutic approach. First, a questionnaire was applied to the two participants, to classify them as novice and expert, based on certain defined characteristics. Both teachers then analyzed three video segments using a guide for didactic analysis and, finally, an interview was conducted to elaborate on the reflections previously obtained. The data analysis focused on identification, classification, and comparison of elements in each of the video segments with reference to the OSA’s DSC indicators. The results show that there are differences and similarities between the didactic analysis carried out by these teachers. It is concluded that the novice teacher provides a more descriptive analysis, in which errors are not specified, and focuses on the activities carried out by his students, while the expert teacher, who provides a thoughtful evaluative analysis of, identifying errors in the concepts and focusing his analysis on the teacher’s actions and performance in the video segments.
Сөрөг керр илтэс дэх гэрлийн дурын туйлшралтай стационар Сөрөг керр илтэс дэх гэрлийн дурын туйлшралтай стационар долгионы оронгийн амплитуд бүр диэлектрикийн функцээс
Authors: О Нямсүрэн , Г Очирбат
Published: March 2023

Энэ удаа тэнд хэрэглэсэн арга зүйг хэрэглэж сөрөг керр суурь орчин дахь эллипс туйлшралтай хавтгай долгионд харгалзах анхны интегралын тогтмолыг утгажуулах ажил гүйццэтгэе
Geant4 багцаар нейтроны сарнилын дүрслэлт тооцоо үйлдэхүй
Authors: О Лхагва , М Батмөнх , П Батзул
Published: March 2023

Сүүлийн хоѐр жил олон улсын Geant4 програмын нөмөр нөөлөг дагаж, цацраг, бөөмс нано цараанд бодис болон биологи биеттэй харилцан үйлчлэлцэхүйг судлахаар боловсруулсан тооцооллын цогц хэрэглүүрүүдийг компьютерт суулгаад шинжилгээний угтвар дасгал, бодлогуудыг шийдэхэд, залуус зохих дадал чадвар эзэмшсэн юм. Энэхүү ажилд нейтрон биет- дээжтэй үйлчлэлцэх зүйг тусгалын энергээс хамааруулсан тооцооны зарим үр дүнг толиллуулав.Geant4 багцаар үйлдсэн тооцооныхоо тоон дүнг АНУ, Канадын физикчдийн бүрдүүлсэн цөмийн ENDF/B-7 баримттай жишив.
Устөрөгчийн атомыг хүчтэй лазерын аттосекундын пульсээр өдөөх магадлалыг диполийн ойролцоололд бодох нь
Authors: Ч Алдармаа , Л Хэнмэдэх , О Лхагва
Published: March 2023

Устөрөгчийн атомын S төлөвийг (n=1-6) аттосекундын лазерын хүчтэй пульсээр 6р0 өдөөгдөх магадлалыг диполийн ойролцоололд бодлоо. Диполийн ойролцоолол биелэхгүй мужид ч шилжилтийн магадлалын эцсийн утга нь нарийвчилсан бодолттой тохирч байна.
First-principles Study of Magnetism and Electronic Structure of LixFePO4
Authors: D Odkhuu , T Tsevelmaa , N Tsogbadrakh , S. C. Hong
Published: March 2023

LiFePO4 have attracted a great interest as a cathode material for Li rechargeable batteries. In this study we evaluated the magnetism emphasizing on magnetization axes and electronic structures of the olivine phases of LixFePO4 (0 x 1) by means of density-functional theory. We show that the insertion/extraction of lithium affects slightly the magnetic moment of Fe, but the spin orientations in antiferromagnetic ground state are found to be noteworthy. The easy magnetization axis of FePO4 is along [010], whereas it is on [001] for LiFePO4, in consistent with an experiment. The use of exchange-correlation U parameter in the electronic structure calculations describes well the observed insulating characters of FePO4 and LiFePO4.
First-principles Electronic Structure Calculation of Topological Insulator Bi2Te3
Authors: P. Taivansaikhan , N. Tsogbadrakh , S.C. Hong
Published: March 2023

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) attracts much attention as a topological insulator. Using the first-principles density-functionalcalculations based on generalized gradient approximation, the structural and electronic properties of Bi2Te3 have been donewith and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Total energy calculations showed that the optimized lattice parameters are a= b=4.44 Å and c= 32.20 Å, in consistent with an experiment. Bi2Te3 is calculated to be an insulating with band gap of 0.5 eVfrom the density of states without SOC. Finally, we found that the effect of SOC is a crucial to determine the experimentally observed very narrow band gap of 0.15 eV.
Улаанбаатар хотод борлуулагдаж буй барилга ба тавилгын будгийн хар тугалга, кадмий, хром, селен, хүнцэл зэрэг хүнд элементүүдийг шинжилсэн дүнгээс
Authors: М. Мөнгөншагай , Т. Мянганбаатар , Ч. Дашжаргал , Х. Балт-Эрдэнэ , Л. Ням-Очир , Л. Энхтөр , Р. Галбадрах
Published: March 2023

Энэ ажилд атомын шингээлтийн спектрийн аргаар Улаанбаатар хотод хамгийн ихээр борлуулагдаж буй 4 төрлийн 15 нэрийн тосон будаг, барилгын гадаад заслын 8 өнгийн усан охра будаг дахь хар тугалга, кадмий, хром, селен, хүнцлийн агууламжийг тодорхойлж, БНХАУ-д үйлдвэрлэгдсэн 3 төрлийн шар ба улаан өнгийн тосон будагт хар тугалгын агуулга 300-25000 мг/кг, хромын агуулга 1280-2820 мг/кг, хүнцлийн агуулга улбар улаан өнгийн охра будагт 740 мг/кг хүрч байгааг тогтоов.
Метод синтеза полупроводниковых структур n-InSb1-xBix–i–GaAs, n-InSb1-xBix–i–GaAs/Те,перспективных для изготовления
Authors: . Г Шилагарди , В.А Ярмолович , В.И Прокошин , Д Төмөрбаатар , Х Цооху , .Д Эрдэнэбаатар , .Ц Хандма
Published: March 2023

Полупроводниковые твердые растворы InSb-InBi привлекают исследователей возможностью плавного изменения ширины запрещенной зоны Еg вплоть до нуля.
Нейтронографические исследования внутренних деформаций, текстуры и свойств горных пород
Authors: Т.И. Иванкина , Т. Локаичек , А.Н. Никитин , Д. Сангаа
Published: March 2023

В работе анализируются принципиальные преимущества нейтронных методов, основанных на феноменальных свойствах нейтрона, позволяющие расширить круг решаемых проблем физики твердого тела, геологии и геофизики. В обзоре приведены результаты изучения особенностей текстурного строения горных пород и обусловленных ими физических свойств, например, анизотропии скоростей упругих волн при высоких гидростатических давлениях, пьезоэлектрических свойств некоторых горных пород, а так же магнитных и тепловых свойств.Обсуждаются результаты исследования аномальных свойств некоторых горных пород, проявляющихся при повышенных температурах и давлениях и их возможное применение для физики разрушения и для развития моделей очагов землетрясений.
Современная структурная нейтронография 77-86на импульсных источниках нейтронов
Authors: А.М. Балагуров , Д. Сангаа
Published: March 2023

Рассмотрена ситуация с нейтронными дифракционными исследованиями кристаллов на импульсных источниках нейтронов. После изложения общих вопросов структурной нейтронографии с использованием метода времени пролета, рассмотрены особенности экспериментов с высоким разрешением на поликристаллических веществах, структурный анализ и специальные эксперименты на монокристаллах, исследования необратимых переходных процессов малой длительности и микрообразцов при высоких давлениях, а также использование дифракции нейтронов для решения прикладных задач.
α-NPD нимгэн хальсны талсжилт ба бүтцийн эвдрэл
Authors: Х. Балт-Эрдэнэ , Р. Галбадрах , Л. Энхтөр , Д. Амгаланбаатар
Published: March 2023

Бид энэ ажлаар органик хагас дамжуулагч α-NPD-ийн шилэн дээр суулгасан нимгэн хальс нь дулааны бэхжүүлэлт болон орчны нөхцлөөс хэрхэн хамаарахыг судаллаа.
Халтмар эрдсийн рентген дифракц ба молекулын хэлбэлзлийн спектрийн судалгаа
Authors: Л. Алтайбаатар , Л. Ням-Очир , Ш. Мөнхжаргал
Published: March 2023

Ховд аймгийн Булган сумын нутгийн турмалин буюу халтмар эрдсийг нунтаг дээжийн рентген дифракцийн арга ба молекулын нил улаан туяаны спектрийн аргуудар судалж, NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 нэгдэл агуулсан shorl tourmalineтөрлийн халтмар болохыг тодорхойлсон ба ОН, BO3, Si6O18, Si-O, Fe-O, O-Al-O холбоосуудын хэлбэлзэлд харгалзах шингээлтийн спектрийн 3547.09см-1 ; 1271.09см-1 ; 975.98см-1 , 715.59см-1 , 613.36см-1 , 491.85см-1 давтамжийн утгуудбүртгэгдсэн нь бусад судлаачдын ажлын үр дүнтэй тохирч байна.
Study of Convection using the Kain-Fritsch Convective Scheme of WRF Numerical Model
Authors: L. Jambajamts , M. Tsoozol , Kh. Tsookhuu
Published: March 2023

We have studied a convection from a convective cloud that brought damage to people and economy on 14-15 July of 2010 in the area of Ulaanbaatar city, using ARW, the third version of the WRF simulation program. The results have been compared to meteorological observed data and the reliability was 87%.
Pt/PANI катализаторын XRD болон XAS судалгаа
Authors: Б. Бумаа , Э. Уянга , Г. Сэвжидсүрэн , П. Алтанцог
Published: March 2023

Энэ ажилд ПСМТЭ –д ашиглагдах полианилинд суурилсан цагаан алтан катализаторыг синтезлэн гарган авч бүтэц шинж чанарын судалгааг XRD болон XAS–аар тодорхойллоо. Химийн синтезийг этиленгликоль болон ионгүйжүүлсэн (DI) усан орчинд гүйцэтгэсэн.
Улаанбаатар хотын автозамын дагуух тоосонцорын бөөмийн хэмжээ, түүний тархалтын судалгаа
Authors: Г. Оюунгэрэл , Г. Батдэмбэрэл , Ш. Чадраабал , П. Мөнхбаатар , П. Алтанцог
Published: March 2023

Улаанбаатар хотын автозамын дагуух бөөмсийн дундаж диаметр (1.1 3)-ээс (2.53) мкм, бөөмийн хувийн гадаргуугийн талбай (Sv) 2.38ч5.43[м2/cм3], бөөмийн хэмжээсийн тархалтын муж 74нмч4.0мкм гэж тус тодорхойлов. Бөөмүүд 790нмч3.8мкм мужид 0.02-оос 8.15 (q3lg) хүртэл нягттайгаар гаусс тэгш хэмтэйгээр түгсэн байна. Хэмжилтийн явцад 74 нм-ээс бага хэмжээтэй бөөм бүртэгдээгүй. Дээжүүдийн хувьд бөөмүүд 74ч100 нм мужид эзэлхүүний 0.02%-ийг хэт нарийн бөөм буюу нанобөөм, 100нмч2.4мкм мужид дунджаар эзэлхүүний 83.73%-ийг нарийн ширхэгтэй бөөм (PM2.5), 2.4ч4.0мкм мужид эзэлхүүний 16.25%-ийг том хэмжээт бөөм (PM10) тус тус эзэлж байв. Автомашины дагуух тоосонцорын дээжүүдэд PM2.5 бөөмүүдийн агууламж өндөр хувьтай байна
Усанд суспензлэгдсэн перовскит төрлийн La1-xCuxMnO3 (x 0.1)-ийн кристалл бүтэц ба бөөмийн хэмжээсийн судалгаа
Authors: Г. Батдэмбэрэл , Г. Оюунгэрэл , Ш. Чадраабал , Г. Цэрмаа , П. Мөнхбаатар
Published: March 2023

Аморф гетероцөмийн комплекс аргаар янз бүрийн талсжилтийн температурт ( 0.1) La1xCuxMnO3 x  перовскит төрлийн нэгдлүүдийг гарган авсан. Рентген дифракцийн аргаар эдгээр нэгдлүүд нь R3c огторгуйн групп бүхий ромбоэдр тэгш хэмтэй , La1xCuxMnO3 C2/ c огторгуйн групп бүхий моноклин k,l /m, > тэгш хэмтэй La2Cu2O5 гэсэн хоѐр фазуудаас тогтож байв. Талсжилтийн температур 5000C-ээс 9000C хүртэл нэмэгдэхэд дээжүүдэд үүссэн La1xCu xMnO3 нэгдлийн тоо хэмжээ 91.22%-иас 97.62% хүртэл өсч, харин La2Cu2O5 фазын тоо хэмжээ 8.78%-иас 2.37% хүртэл буурдаг болохыг тус тус тодорхойлов. PCCS (NANOPHOX) багажын хэмжилтийн дүнд талсжилтийн температураас хамаарч суспензийн дээж La1xCuxMnO3 (x  0.1)ийн pH 9.20-оос 8.27 хүртэл буурдаг, бөөмийн дундаж диаметр (2764)-ээс (4555) нмм хүртэл өсдөг, бөөмийн хувийн гадаргуугийн талбай (Sv) 21.84÷13.29 [м2 /cм3 ] хүртэл буурах, бөөмийн хэмжээсийн тархалтын муж 55÷761нм, бөөмийн гадаргуугийн ба эзэлхүүний дундаж диаметр (SMD, VMD)-ууд 247 нм-ээс 459 нм хүртэл өсөх зэрэг зүй тогтол байгааг тус тус тогтоосон.
Цөмийн потенциал саадыг (n,α) урвалаас гарах альфа-бөөм нэвтрэх факторын тооцоо
Authors: Т. Дэлгэрсайхан , Г. Хүүхэнхүү , М. Одсүрэн , Ж. Мөнхсайхан
Published: March 2023

Альфа задралын үед цөмөөс гарч буй альфа-бөөмийн энерги Eα охин цөмийнхөө потенциал энерги V-ээс бага (Eα<V) байдаг. Сонгодог физикийн энерги хадгалагдах хууль болон цахилгаан соронзон харилцан үйлчлэлийн онолын үүднээс авч үзэхэд альфа-бөөм хэрхэн яаж охин цөмийнхөө потенциал саадыг даван гарч байгаа нь ойлгомжгүй байв.
Ураны Уурхайн Цацрагийн Аюулгүй Байдал
Authors: Н. Энхбат , Н. Норов , Б. Отгоолой
Published: March 2023

Ураны уурхайн ажилчдын жилд авах эффектив тун нь гадаад шарлага болон урт наст байгалийн цацраг идэвхт изотопууд агуулсан үйлдвэрийн тоос, радон, түүний задралын богино наст бүтээгдэхүүнүүдээс амьсгалаар авах дотоод шарлагын нийлбэртэй тэнцүү бөгөөд ураны уурхайн цацрагийн аюулгүй байдлын үнэлгээ хийх арга зүйн асуудлыг Гурванбулаг ураны далд уурхайн жишээн дээр авч үзсэн болно.