bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic diversity of RNA variants and RNA variation-associated factors in cancer development
Authors: Yang Hee Doo , Nam Suk Woo
Published: April 2020

Recently, with the development of RNA sequencing technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) for RNA, numerous variations of alternatively processed RNAs made by alternative splicing, RNA editing, alternative maturation of microRNA (miRNA), RNA methylation, and alternative polyadenylation have been uncovered. Furthermore, abnormally processed RNAs can cause a variety of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. Especially in cancer development, aberrant RNAs caused by deregulated RNA modifiers or regulators are related to progression. Accumulating evidence has reported that aberrant RNAs promote carcinogenesis in many cancers, including liver cancer, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers, in which abnormal RNA processing occurs in normal cells. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the precise roles and mechanisms of disease-related RNA processing in various cancers for the development of therapeutic interventions. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of variations in the RNA life cycle and the biological impacts of RNA variations on carcinogenesis will be discussed, and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tumor malignancies will be provided. We also discuss emerging roles of RNA regulators in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Entry and exit of chemotherapeutically-promoted cellular dormancy in glioblastoma cells is differentially affected by the chemokines CXCL12, CXCL16, and CX3CL1
Authors: Adamski Vivian , Hattermann Kirsten , Kubelt Carolin , Cohrs Gesa , Lucius Ralph , Synowitz Michael , Sebens Susanne , Held-Feindt Janka
Published: April 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor that evades therapy regimens. Since cellular dormancy is one strategy for surviving, and since chemokines determine the environmental conditions in which dormancy occurs, we investigated how chemokines affect temozolomide (TMZ)-promoted cellular dormancy entry and exit in GBM cells. TMZ administration over ten days promoted cellular dormancy entry, whereas discontinuing TMZ for a further 15 days resulted in resumption of proliferation. Co-administration of a chemokine cocktail containing CXCL12, CXCL16, and CX3CL1 resulted in both delayed entry and exit from cellular dormancy. A microarray-based transcriptome analysis in LN229 GBM cells revealed that cellular dormancy entry was characterized by an increased expression of CCL2 and SAA2, while THSD4, FSTL3, and VEGFC were upregulated during dormancy exit. Co-stimulation with the chemokine cocktail reduced upregulation of identified genes. After verifying the appearance of identified genes in human GBM primary cultures and ex vivo samples, we clarified whether each chemokine alone impacts cellular dormancy mechanisms using specific antagonists and selective CRISPR/Cas9 clones. While expression of CCL2 and SAA2 in LN229 cells was altered by the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis, CXCL16 and CX3CL1 contributed to reduced upregulation of THSD4 and, to a weaker extent, of VEGFC. The influence on FSTL3 expression depended on the entire chemokine cocktail. Effects of chemokines on dormancy entry and exit-associated genes were detectable in human GBM primary cells, too, even if in a more complex, cell-specific manner. Thus, chemokines play a significant role in the regulation of TMZ-promoted cellular dormancy in GBMs.
A novel role of LRP5 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis through activating TGF-β/Smad signaling
Authors: He Xuemin , Cheng Rui , Huang Chao , Takahashi Yusuke , Yang Yanhui , Benyajati Siribhinya , Chen Yanming , Zhang Xin A. , Ma Jian-xing
Published: April 2020

Previous studies by us and others demonstrated that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Wnt co-receptor LRP5 variants are reported to associate with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; but their exact roles in this disease and renal fibrosis have not been explored. Here, we observed the upregulation of LRP5 in the renal tubules of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic models and of an obstructive nephropathy model. In the obstructed kidneys, Lrp5 knockout significantly ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular injury without changing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Instead, decreased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors (TβRs) were detected in Lrp5 knockout kidneys, followed by attenuated activation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in the renal tubules, suggesting a regulatory effect of LRP5 on TGF-β/Smad signaling. In consistent with this hypothesis, LRP5 overexpression resulted in enhanced TGF-β/Smad signaling activation in renal tubule epithelial cells. Furthermore, LRP5 was co-immunoprecipitated with TβRI and TβRII, and its extracellular domain was essential for interacting with TβRs and for its pro-fibrotic activity. In addition to stabilizing TβRs, LRP5 increased the basal membrane presentation and TGF-β1-induced internalization of these receptors. Notably, TGF-β1 also induced LRP5 internalization. These findings indicate that LRP5 promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis, at least partially, via direct modulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling, a novel, Wnt-independent function.
Phase 2 study of NAB-paclitaxel in SensiTivE and refractory relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (NABSTER TRIAL)
Authors: Gelsomino Francesco , Tiseo Marcello , Barbieri Fausto , Riccardi Ferdinando , Cavanna Luigi , Frassoldati Antonio , Delmonte Angelo , Longo Lucia , Dazzi Claudio , Cinieri Saverio , Colantonio Ida , Sperandi Francesca , Lamberti Giuseppe , Brocchi Stefano , Tofani Lorenzo , Boni Luca , Ardizzoni Andrea
Published: April 2020

Background

Despite sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy, most small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients relapse. In this setting, topotecan demonstrated modest activity with significant toxicity. Paclitaxel was also active. This study was designed to evaluate activity and safety of nab-paclitaxel in relapsed SCLC.

Methods

In this multicentre prospective Phase 2 trial, patients with refractory or sensitive SCLC progressed to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy received nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/smq on days 1, 8, 15 every 4 weeks up to six cycles, progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective tumour response. Secondary endpoints were toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Of the 68 patients treated, partial response was 8% in the refractory cohort and 14% in the sensitive cohort. Most common toxicities of any grade were fatigue (54%), anaemia (38%), neutropenia (29%), leukopenia (26%) and diarrhoea (21%). Median PFS was similar in both refractory (1.8 months) and sensitive cohorts (1.9 months), while median OS was longer in sensitive one (6.6 versus 3.6 months).

Conclusions

Although nab-paclitaxel has shown some modest anti-tumour activity in relapsed SCLC, associated with a favourable toxicity profile, the primary end-point of the study was not met.

Clinical Trial registration

Clinical Trial registration number is ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03219762.
JNK1 and ERK1/2 modulate lymphocyte homeostasis via BIM and DRP1 upon AICD induction
Authors: Simula Luca , Corrado Mauro , Accordi Benedetta , Di Rita Anthea , Nazio Francesca , Antonucci Ylenia , Di Daniele Arianna , Caicci Federico , Caruana Ignazio , Soriano Maria Eugenia , Pigazzi Martina , Locatelli Franco , Cecconi Francesco , Campello Silvia
Published: April 2020

The Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) is a stimulation-dependent form of apoptosis used by the organism to shutdown T-cell response once the source of inflammation has been eliminated, while allowing the generation of immune memory. AICD is thought to progress through the activation of the extrinsic Fas/FasL pathway of cell death, leading to cytochrome-C release through caspase-8 and Bid activation. We recently described that, early upon AICD induction, mitochondria undergo structural alterations, which are required to promote cytochrome-C release and execute cell death. Here, we found that such alterations do not depend on the Fas/FasL pathway, which is instead only lately activated to amplify the cell death cascade. Instead, such alterations are primarily dependent on the MAPK proteins JNK1 and ERK1/2, which, in turn, regulate the activity of the pro-fission protein Drp1 and the pro-apoptotic factor Bim. The latter regulates cristae disassembly and cooperate with Drp1 to mediate the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization (MOMP), leading to cytochrome-C release. Interestingly, we found that Bim is also downregulated in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells, this alteration favouring their escape from AICD-mediated control.
Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 promotes the SCFβTRCP-dependent degradation of Cdh1 during S-phase and efficient cell-cycle progression
Authors: Pal Debjani , Torres Adrian E. , Stromberg Benjamin R. , Messina Abbey L. , Dickson Andrew S. , De Kuntal , Willard Belinda , Venere Monica , Summers Matthew K.
Published: April 2020

APC/CCdh1 is a ubiquitin ligase with roles in numerous diverse processes, including control of cellular proliferation and multiple aspects of the DNA damage response. Precise regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity is central to efficient cell-cycle progression and cellular homeostasis. Here, we have identified Cdh1 as a direct substrate of the replication stress checkpoint effector kinase Chk1 and demonstrate that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 contributes to its recognition by the SCFβTRCP ubiquitin ligase, promotes efficient S-phase entry, and is important for cellular proliferation during otherwise unperturbed cell cycles. We also find that prolonged Chk1 activity in late S/G2 inhibits Cdh1 accumulation. In addition to promoting control of APC/CCdh1 activity by facilitating Cdh1 destruction, we find that Chk1 also antagonizes activity of the ligase by perturbing the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC/C. Overall, these data suggest that the rise and fall of Chk1 activity contributes to the regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity that enhances the replication process.
Restoration of leg length and offset correlates with trochanteric pain syndrome in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Worlicek Michael , Messmer Benedikt , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias , Weber Markus
Published: April 2020

Persistent pain around the greater trochanter is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty. Restoration of biomechanics such as leg length, femoral und acetabular offset is crucial in THA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative differences of these parameters after THA and to analyze their association to greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of trochanteric pain syndrome compared to patient reported outcome measures. 3D-CT scans of 90 patients were analyzed after minimalinvasive total hip arthroplasty and leg length, femoral and acetabular offset differences were measured. Clinical evaluation was performed three years after THA regarding the presence of trochanteric pain syndrome and using outcome measures. Furthermore, the patients’ expectation were evaluated. Patients with trochanteric pain syndrome showed a higher absolute discrepancy of combined leg length, femoral and acetabular offset restoration compared to the non-operated contralateral side with 11.8 ± 6.0 mm than patients without symptoms in the trochanteric region with 7.8 ± 5.3 mm (p = 0.01). Patients with an absolute deviation of the combined parameters of more than 5 mm complained more frequently about trochanteric symptoms (29.2%, 19/65) than patients with a biomechanical restoration within 5 mm compared to the non-affected contralateral side (8.0%, 2/25, p = 0.03). Clinical outcome measured three years after THA was significantly lower in patients with trochanteric symptoms than without trochanteric pain (p < 0.03). Similarly, fulfillment of patient expectations as measured by THR-Survey was lower in the patients with trochanteric pain (p < 0.005). An exact combined restoration of leg length, acetabular and femoral offset reduces significantly postoperative trochanteric pain syndrome and improves the clinical outcome of the patients.
Investigating APOE, APP-Aβ metabolism genes and Alzheimer’s disease GWAS hits in brain small vessel ischemic disease
Authors: Blumenau Sonja , Foddis Marco , Müller Susanne , Holtgrewe Manuel , Bentele Kajetan , Berchtold Daniel , Beule Dieter , Dirnagl Ulrich , Sassi Celeste
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer’s disease and small vessel ischemic disease frequently co-exist in the aging brain. However, pathogenic links between these 2 disorders are yet to be identified. Therefore we used Taqman genotyping, exome and RNA sequencing to investigate Alzheimer’s disease known pathogenic variants and pathways: APOE ε4 allele, APP-Aβ metabolism and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease main genome-wide association loci (APOE, BIN1, CD33, MS4A6A, CD2AP, PICALM, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, ABCA7) in 96 early-onset small vessel ischemic disease Caucasian patients and 368 elderly neuropathologically proven controls (HEX database) and in a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Only a minority of patients (29%) carried APOE ε4 allele. We did not detect any pathogenic mutation in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 and report a burden of truncating mutations in APP-Aß degradation genes. The single-variant association test identified 3 common variants with a likely protective effect on small vessel ischemic disease (0.54>OR > 0.32, adj. p-value <0.05) (EPHA1 p.M900V and p.V160A and CD33 p.A14V). Moreover, 5/17 APP-Aß catabolism genes were significantly upregulated (LogFC > 1, adj. p-val<0.05) together with Apoe, Ms4a cluster and Cd33 during brain hypoperfusion and their overexpression correlated with the ischemic lesion size. Finally, the detection of Aβ oligomers in the hypoperfused hippocampus supported the link between brain ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
High-order mode suppression in double-clad optical fibers by adding absorbing inclusions
Authors: Aleshkina Svetlana S. , Kochergina Tatiana A. , Velmiskin Vladimir V. , Bobkov Konstantin K. , Bubnov Mikhail M. , Yashkov Mikhail V. , Lipatov Denis S. , Salganskii Mikhail Yu. , Guryanov Alexey N. , Likhachev Mikhail E.
Published: April 2020

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a technique for the suppression of unwanted modes in double-clad fibers with a high core-to-clad diameter ratio by introducing high-index absorbing inclusions into the first cladding of the fibers. These inclusions disturb the shape of undesirable modes, and a noticeable part of the power becomes localized inside the inclusion, resulting in an increase in the propagation loss of these modes. Two fiber designs were studied and realized: one with cylindrical symmetry and an absorbing high-index ring as the inclusion and another with high-index absorbing rods inserted around the fiber core. In both cases, the possibility of achieving perfect single-mode propagation was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally.
Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Glutamine-FMOC Ad-Hoc Derivative by Central Composite Design
Authors: Bheemanapally Khaggeswar , Ibrahim Mostafa M. H. , Briski Karen P.
Published: April 2020

Glutamine (Gln) is converted to excitatory (glutamate, aspartate) and inhibitory (γ-amino butyric acid) amino acid neurotransmitters in brain, and is a source of energy during glucose deprivation. Current research utilized an Analytical Quality by Design approach to optimize levels and combinations of critical gas pressure (sheath, auxiliary, sweep) and temperature (ion transfer tube, vaporizer) parameters for high-sensitivity mass spectrometric quantification of brain tissue glutamine. A Design of Experiments (DOE) matrix for evaluation of relationships between these multiple independent variables and a singular response variable, e.g. glutamine chromatogram area, was developed by statistical response surface methodology using central composite design. A second-order polynomial equation was generated to identify and predict singular versus combinatory effects of synergistic and antagonistic factors on chromatograph area. Predicted versus found outcomes overlapped, with enhanced area associated with the latter. DOE methodology was subsequently used to evaluate liquid chromatographic variable effects, e.g. flow rate, column temperature, and mobile phase composition on the response variable. Results demonstrate that combinatory AQbD-guided mass spectrometric/liquid chromatographic optimization significantly enhanced analytical sensitivity for Gln, thus enabling down-sized brain tissue sample volume procurement for quantification of this critical amino acid.
Materials and Device Considerations in Electrophoretic Drug Delivery Devices
Authors: Chen Shao-Tuan , Proctor Christopher M. , Malliaras George G.
Published: April 2020

Electrophoretic drug delivery devices are able to deliver drugs with exceptional temporal and spatial precision. This technology has emerged as a promising platform for treating pathologies ranging from neuropathic pain to epilepsy. As the range of applications continues to expand, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying physics and estimate materials and device parameters for optimal performance. Here, computational modeling of the electrophoretic drug delivery device is carried out. Three critical performance indices, namely, the amount of drug transported, the pumping efficiency and the ON/OFF ratio are investigated as a function of initial drug concentration in the device and fixed charge concentration in the ion exchange membrane. The results provide guidelines for future materials and device design with an eye towards tailoring device performance to match disease-specific demands.
Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes promote resolution of rhesus rotavirus-mediated perinatal hepatic inflammation
Authors: Alkhani Anas , Levy Claire S. , Tsui Margaret , Rosenberg Katherine A. , Polovina Katya , Mattis Aras N. , Mack Matthias , Van Dyken Steven , Wang Bruce M. , Maher Jacquelyn J. , Nijagal Amar
Published: April 2020

Perinatal hepatic inflammation can have devastating consequences. Monocytes play an important role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and their diverse functions can be attributed to specific cellular subsets: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes (Ly6cHi) and pro-reparative or non-classical monocytes (Ly6cLo). We hypothesized that inherent differences in Ly6cHi classical monocytes and Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes determine susceptibility to perinatal hepatic inflammation in late gestation fetuses and neonates. We found an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile expressed by Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes, and a physiologic abundance of these cells in the late gestation fetal liver. Unlike neonatal pups, late gestation fetuses proved to be resistant to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) mediated liver inflammation. Furthermore, neonatal pups were rendered resistant to RRV-mediated liver injury when Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes were expanded. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes in this setting restored susceptibility to RRV-mediated disease. These data demonstrate that Ly6cLo monocytes promote resolution of perinatal liver inflammation in the late gestation fetus, where there is a physiologic expansion of non-classical monocytes, and in the neonatal liver upon experimental expansion of these cells. Therapeutic strategies directed towards enhancing Ly6cLo non-classical monocyte function may mitigate the detrimental effects of perinatal liver inflammation.
Author Correction: Dual-energy CT perfusion imaging for differentiating WHO subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Yu Chunhai , Li Ting , Zhang Ruiping , Yang Xiaotang , Yang Zhao , Xin Lei , Zhao Zhikai
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for fuel cells: advances in catalyst design, electrode performance, and durability improvement
Authors: He Yanghua , Liu Shengwen , Priest Cameron , Shi Qiurong , Wu Gang
Published: April 2020

The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon cathode catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications.
DNA binding fluorescent proteins as single-molecule probes
Authors: Jin Xuelin , Hapsari Natalia Diyah , Lee Seonghyun , Jo Kyubong
Published: April 2020

DNA binding fluorescent proteins are useful probes for a broad range of biological applications.
Tripeptide-dopamine fluorescent hybrids: a coassembly-inspired antioxidative strategy
Authors: Guo Jun , Zheng Fan , Song Bo , Zhang Feng
Published: April 2020

Coassembling peptides with dopamine molecules can construct hybrid nanostructures with a large Stokes shift green fluorescence, which is an effective antioxidative strategy for biomolecules.
Reduced graphene oxide–silicon interface involving direct Si–O bonding as a conductive and mechanical stable ohmic contact
Authors: Rahpeima Soraya , Dief Essam M. , Peiris Chandramalika R. , Ferrie Stuart , Duan Alex , Ciampi Simone , Raston Colin L. , Darwish Nadim
Published: April 2020

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, chemically bonded to silicon, lowers the contact resistance to metals and enables a tunable ohmic contact.
Regioselective biocatalytic self-sufficient Tishchenko-type reaction via formal intramolecular hydride transfer
Authors: Tassano Erika , Merusic Kemal , Buljubasic Isa , Laggner Olivia , Reiter Tamara , Vogel Andreas , Hall Mélanie
Published: April 2020

Alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the regioselective lactonization of dialdehydes via a bio-Tishchenko-like reaction. The nicotinamide-dependent self-sufficient reduction–oxidation sequence proceeds through a formal intramolecular hydride shift.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoresponse of tetragonal phase single crystal CH3NH3PbCl3
Authors: Chen Yan , Hou Xuhong , Tao Siwen , Fu Xuewei , Zhou Huawei , Yin Jie , Wu Mingxing , Zhang Xianxi
Published: April 2020

In this study, we synthesized tetragonal phase MAPbCl3 with the P4/mcc (124) space group by a modified inverse temperature crystallization (M-ITC) method. The UV photodetector based on SC T-MAPbCl3 exhibits high sensitivity.
Solvatomorphism and phase transformation of CL-20: probing properties and investigating mechanisms
Authors: Pan Bochen , Wang Zhanzhong , Shen Yichun , Wei Liangxiao , Wei Hongyuan , Dang Leping
Published: April 2020

Five novel CL-20 solvates were prepared and fully characterized, and the solvate formation and phase transformation processes were systematically investigated.
Freezing-induced silk I crystallization of silk fibroin
Authors: Li Xiufang , Fan Qunmei , Zhang Qiang , Yan Shuqin , You Renchuan
Published: April 2020

Water-insoluble silk fibroin materials with the silk I structure can be prepared by a simple and green freezing–annealing treatment.
A water-stable terbium metal–organic framework with functionalized ligands for the detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions in water and picric acid in seawater
Authors: Yu Hai-Huan , Chi Jia-Qi , Su Zhong-Min , Li Xiao , Sun Jing , Zhou Chen , Hu Xiao-Li , Liu Qun
Published: April 2020

A novel Tb-MOF-A was fabricated by functionalized ligands and Tb3+, which displays high fluorescence, water stability up to 21 days and rapid, cyclic, simultaneous detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72− ions in water and picric acid in seawater.
Silver clusters templated by homo- and hetero-anions
Authors: Pan Zhong-Hua , Deng Cheng-Long , Wang Zhi , Lin Jin-Qing , Luo Geng-Geng , Sun Di
Published: April 2020

This article highlights the use of homo- and hetero-anion templates for the ordered assembly of high-nuclearity silver clusters.
Interaction of amphiphilic coumarin with DPPC/DPPS lipid bilayer: effects of concentration and alkyl tail length
Authors: Kalyanram Poornima , Ma Huilin , Marshall Shena , Goudreau Christina , Cartaya Ana , Zimmermann Tyler , Stadler Istvan , Nangia Shikha , Gupta Anju
Published: April 2020

The interaction of novel amphiphilic aminomethylcoumarin molecules with liposomal lipid bilayer is dependent on tail chain length and concentration.
The unexpected effect of aqueous ion pairs on the forbidden n → π* transition in nitrate
Authors: Pedersen Pernille D. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: April 2020

Computational results suggest that significant differences in the optical properties of nitrate ion pairs could explain the experimentally observed salt-specific effect of adding different salts to a solution of KNO3 on the n→π* absorption.
Electrochemical oxidation mechanisms for selective products due to C–O and C–C cleavages of β-O-4 linkages in lignin model compounds
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Hanling , Fu Hongquan , He Hongyan , Zeng Qiang , Li Xuehui
Published: April 2020

This work may provide an idea for the study of the mechanism of lignin electrocatalytic oxidation with a selective distribution of depolymerization products.
Expanded benzofuran-decorated twistacene derivatives: synthesis, characterization and single-component white electroluminescence
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Wei Leping , Tian Feng , Deng Xin , Zhao Xiaohui , Xiao Jinchong
Published: April 2020

Fabricated single emitter electroluminescent devices based on the phenanthro[9,10-b]benzofuran and pyreno[4,5-b]benzofuran modified twistacene derivatives 9/10 radiate pure white light.
Incorporation of a nitrogen-rich energetic ligand in a {YbIII2} complex exhibiting slow relaxation of the magnetisation under an applied field
Authors: Richardson Paul , Gálico Diogo Alves , Ovens Jeffrey , Sigoli Fernando A. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: April 2020

The energetic ligand 3,6-dihydrazinyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (dhtz) is employed in the isolation of first crystalline coordination compound, a YbIII dimer, which was magnetically and spectroscopically characterized.
Nanoparticulate zero valent iron interaction with dissolved organic matter impacts iron transformation and organic carbon stability
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Yang Kun , Lin Daohui
Published: April 2020

The selective adsorption of DOM by nZVIs accelerated oxidation of nZVIs and decreased chemical and photochemical stabilities of residual DOM.
Photoreforming of food waste into value-added products over visible-light-absorbing catalysts
Authors: Uekert Taylor , Dorchies Florian , Pichler Christian M. , Reisner Erwin
Published: April 2020

Food and mixed wastes are converted into H2 and organics over CdS and carbon nitride photocatalysts.
Particle/cell separation using sheath-free deterministic lateral displacement arrays with inertially focused single straight input
Authors: Tottori Naotomo , Nisisako Takasi
Published: April 2020

We propose sheath-free microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement devices with inertially focused single straight input.
Discrete and polymeric ensembles based on dinuclear molybdenum(vi) building blocks with adaptive carbohydrazide ligands: from the design to catalytic epoxidation
Authors: Topić Edi , Pisk Jana , Agustin Dominique , Jendrlin Martin , Cvijanović Danijela , Vrdoljak Višnja , Rubčić Mirta
Published: April 2020

Discrete and polymeric ensembles based on dimolybdenum(vi) units with adaptive carbohydrazide ligands are described. The polymeric complexes are efficient catalysts for cyclooctene epoxidation under eco-friendly conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(dithiafulvenyl)-substituted fluorenones and fluorenylidene-1,3-dithioles
Authors: Salami Fatemeh , Zhao Yuming
Published: April 2020

A series of π-conjugated oligomers containing redox-active dithiafulvenyl (DTF) end groups and fluorenone/fluorenylidene-1,3-dithiole central units was synthesized and their structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties were investigated.
Roquefornine A, a sesterterpenoid with a 5/6/5/5/6-fused ring system from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14
Authors: Wang Jia-Peng , Shu Yan , Hu Jun-Tao , Liu Rui , Cai Xue-Yun , Sun Cheng-Tong , Gan Dong , Zhou Di-Jiao , Mei Rui-Feng , Ding Hao , Zhang Xiao-Ran , Cai Le , Ding Zhong-Tao
Published: April 2020

Roquefornine A, a sesterterpenoid with an unprecedented 5/6/5/5/6-membered pentacyclic system, was characterized from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14.
Asymmetric organocatalytic double 1,6-addition: rapid access to chiral chromans with molecular complexity
Authors: Roy Sourav , Pradhan Suman , Kumar Krishan , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: April 2020

We have developed a highly δ-selective organocatalytic asymmetric double 1,6-addition protocol by tethering ortho-hydroxyphenyl substituted p-QMs onto the linear unbiased 2,4-dienals towards the formation of synthetically enriched chiral chromans.
Two novel aromatic hydrocarbons: facile synthesis, photophysical properties and applications in deep-blue electroluminescence
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Wu Yuling , Qu Wenshan , Li Tianbao , Yang Tingting , Fan Xiaxia , Dong Lijuan , Shi Yunlong , Cheng Xuerui , Ren Yufen , Tao Peng
Published: April 2020

Novel solution processable aromatic hydrocarbons have been designed and synthesized for deep-blue OLEDs with a maximum emission peak of 410 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.08).
In situ electrochemical reduction-assisted exfoliation: conversion of BiOCl nanoplates into Bi nanosheets enables efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Xu You , Ren Tianlun , Yu Shanshan , Yu Hongjie , Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: April 2020

Ultrathin Bi nanosheets are synthesized by in situ electrochemical reduction-assisted exfoliation of BiOCl nanoplates for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction.
Morphology oriented CuS nanostructures: superior K-ion storage using surface enhanced pseudocapacitive effects
Authors: Nithya Chandrasekaran , Thiyagaraj Gowtham
Published: April 2020

The comparative study of various CuS nanostructures can afford significant insights into the design of high performance potassium-ion batteries using hierarchical nanostructures with distinct morphologies.
Sustainable sorbitol-derived compounds for gelation of the full range of ethanol–water mixtures
Authors: Dizon Glenieliz C. , Atkinson George , Argent Stephen P. , Santu Lea T. , Amabilino David B.
Published: April 2020

A combination of gelators prepared from sustainable sources combine in a synergic way to widen the scope for the compounds to immobilise liquids, as shown by imaging, diffraction and rheology measurements.
Does the Inclusion of a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score Improve Early Risk Prediction for Later Language and Literacy Delay?
Authors: Dale Philip S. , von Stumm Sophie , Selzam Saskia , Hayiou-Thomas Marianna E.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The ability to identify children early in development who are at substantial risk for language/literacy difficulties would have great benefit both for the children and for the educational and therapeutic institutions that serve them. Information that is relatively easily available prior to the age of 3 years, such as late talking, family history of language/literacy difficulties, and socioeconomic status, have some but very limited predictive power. Here, we examine whether the inclusion of a DNA-based genome-wide polygenic score that has been shown to capture children's genetic propensity for educational attainment (EA3) adds enough prediction to yield a clinically useful score.

Method

Data are longitudinal scores of 1,420 children from the Twins Early Development Study, who were assessed at ages 2 and 3 years on language and nonverbal ability and at 12 years of age on oral language, word decoding, and reading comprehension. Five risk factors were examined: expressive vocabulary, nonverbal ability (these two from parent report), family history, mothers' education, and EA3. Analyses were conducted both for continuous and categorically defined measures of risk and outcome.

Results

Language and literacy abilities at 12 years of age were significantly but modestly predicted by the risk factors, with a small but significant added prediction from EA3. Indices of diagnostic validity for poor outcomes, such as sensitivity and area under the curve statistics, were poor in all cases.

Conclusions

We conclude that, at present, clinically useful prediction from toddlerhood remains an unattained goal.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12170331
Investigation of sensitivity of the ultra‐high frequency partial‐discharge detection technology for micro‐crack in epoxy insulator in GIS
Authors: Cheng Jiangrong , Xu Yang , Ding Dengwei , Liu Weidong
Published: April 2020

The ultra‐high frequency (UHF) method has been widely used in a gas‐insulated system (GIS) for partial‐discharge detection, and many achievements have been realised. In addition, many studies based on artificial defects have been made to confirm its validity. Therefore, the UHF method is generally believed to be sufficiently effective for GIS monitoring. However, in practical application, the authors find that for some micro‐crack discharge in GIS insulator, the UHF method has low sensitivity. To fully study the characteristics of the micro‐crack discharge in the GIS insulator, an experiment is conducted in this study using an actual post insulator with a micro‐crack defect. The current signal based on IEC 60270 standard and the radio‐frequency electromagnetic signal is simultaneously measured for thorough analysis. The results show that some submillimetre crack defects may occur in the GIS insulator. Its discharge is mainly presented as glow discharge, and the discharge signal frequency usually cannot reach the UHF band; thus, it cannot be effectively detected by the UHF method. This study provides complementary information to the applicability of the UHF method and inspires further study of the GIS insulator and its monitoring technology.
Electric field distributions along helium plasma jets
Authors: Naidis George V. , Babaeva Natalia Yu
Published: April 2020

Results of simulations of streamers propagating along the atmospheric‐pressure helium plasma jets ejected from a thin tube into ambient air are presented. The computational model includes the equations governing the helium–air mixture composition along and across the jet, as well as the equations, describing streamer propagation in the mixture, for the electric field and the charged species densities. Streamer velocity and spatial–temporal profiles of plasma parameters are obtained for various values of the helium flow rate. It is shown, in agreement with available experimental data, that the electric field values in the heads of streamers increase nearly linearly with the distance from the tube exit and that the slope of this dependence decreases with the growth of the helium flow rate.
Computationally efficient model predictive control of three‐level open‐end winding permanent‐magnet synchronous motor drive
Authors: Gajanan Petkar Sagar , Vinay Kumar Thippiripati
Published: April 2020

The model predictive current control (MPCC) is popular and widely used method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the tuning of weighting factor in classical cost function (CF) of MPCC of PMSM is not required. A three‐level inversion‐fed open‐end winding PMSM (OEW‐PMSM) would produce lesser torque and stator flux ripples; however, computation time required for the prediction of control variables is large. This study proposes a control method to three‐level inversion‐fed OEW‐PMSM for reduction of computational time without affecting the performance when compared with conventional MPCC. The proposed method uses a maximum four voltage vectors (VVs) instead of 19 VVs in three‐level conventional MPCC. The reduced VVs decrease the number of predictions and computational time for predictions. CF in terms of voltage is used, thereby eliminating the need to predict the currents and faster execution of algorithm is achieved. A higher sampling rate is possible to achieve using the proposed method; thereby, reducing the steady‐state ripples in developed torque and stator flux, and improving the percentage total harmonic distortion of stator current. The effectiveness of the presented control method is practically verified after comparing its computational time, steady‐state response and dynamic response with that of three‐level conventional MPCC.
Split ratio trade‐off between output torque and braking torque of surface‐mounted permanent‐magnet machines
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Kai , Zhu Shushu , Liu Chuang
Published: April 2020

This study deals with the optimisation of surface‐mounted permanent‐magnet (SPM) motor for the vehicle door of high‐speed railway transport systems, where both high‐output torque under healthy conditions and low braking torque under fault conditions are required. The split ratio of rotor outer diameter to stator outer diameter is one of the most important design parameters due to its significant impact on the output torque. As found in this study, it also has significant effect on the braking torque. Therefore, the split ratio for SPM machine with consideration of braking torque is investigated. The relationships between the split ratio and both the output and braking torque are analytically established. It is found that the maximum output torque and the maximum braking torque correspond to the same split ratio. Therefore, considering the short‐circuit operating condition of the door system, the split ratio related to the maximum output torque no longer satisfies its requirements. It is demonstrated that the split ratio can reduce the braking torque under a short‐circuit fault. The analytical results are verified by the finite‐element analyses. The experiments on the prototype 12‐slot/10‐pole SPM machine validate the analyses.
Hierarchical quantitative analysis to evaluate unsafe driving behaviour from massive trajectory data
Authors: Liao Lyuchao , Chen Bijun , Zou Fumin , Eben Li Shengbo , Liu Jierui , Wu Xinke , Dong Ni
Published: April 2020

The large‐scale trajectory data provide the potential opportunity to a better understanding of driving behaviour for transportation applications and research. However, limited effort has been paid to the study on the evaluation of unsafe driving behaviour (UDB) based on trajectory data. In this work, the authors propose a four‐layer processing framework for evaluation of driving behaviour using trajectory data, and first analyse the statistical distribution of various factors and mine UDBs from trajectory data by measuring the deviation from a normal distribution. Then, a membership function is designed to evaluate the severity rating of UDBs, and finally, an analytical hierarchy process‐based method is employed to analyse UDBs both qualitatively and quantitatively. With experiments on trajectory data derived from August to September 2018 in Jiangxi, China, vehicles were classified in levels of risk, and the result shows that the proposed method offers a feasible and applicable way for transportation enterprises and drivers to monitor driving behaviour in real‐time.
Safety assessment of vehicle behaviour based on the improved D–S evidence theory
Authors: Cheng Xin , Zhou Jingmei , Zhao Xiangmo
Published: April 2020

Vehicle dangerous behaviour warning plays an important role to improve road traffic safety and efficiency, so a safety assessment method of vehicle behaviour based on the improved Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory is proposed. Firstly, through analysis of vehicle collision accident mechanism, some factors closely related to vehicle safety are extracted. Also, multiple sensors are synthetically utilised to collect information, which realises the awareness of vehicle state, road attribute, driving environment etc. Then vehicle behaviour identification is accomplished according to the parameter information of the vehicle‐mounted sensors, as well as the related data of adjacent vehicles in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Finally, a sequential type of weighted correction method based on evidence variance is used to integrate different levels of multi‐source heterogeneous information and to achieve safety assessment of vehicle behaviour. The experimental results show that the improved D–S evidence theory reduces the evidence conflict, increasing the accuracy and reliability of vehicle behaviour safety assessment. The study solves the fundamental core problem of active safety warning in VANET and provides a new means of traffic accident warning for the road traffic management department.
Rotational relaxation of H2S by collision with He
Authors: Denis-Alpizar Otoniel , Stoecklin Thierry
Published: April 2020

Context. The H2S molecule has been detected in several regions of the interstellar medium (ISM). The use of non-LTE models requires knowledge of accurate collisional rate coefficients of the molecules detected with the most common collider in the ISM.

Aims. The main goal of this work is to study the collision of H2S with He.

Methods. A grid of ab initio energies was computed at the coupled cluster level of theory including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) and using the augmented correlation consistent polarized quadruple zeta (aug-cc-pVQZ) basis set supplemented by a set of mid-bond functions. These energies were fitted to an analytical function, which was employed to study the dynamics of the system. Close coupling calculations were performed to study the collision of H2S with He.

Results. The rate coefficients determined from the close coupling calculation were compared with those of the collision with H2O+He, and large differences were found. Finally, the rate coefficients for the lower rotational de-excitation of H2S by collision with He are reported.
Status of particle physics
Authors: Trócsányi Zoltán
Published: April 2020

While at CERN the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider and the detectors is in full swing and the European strategy for particle physics research is being shaped we summarise the current status of particle physics, focusing on the established experimental observations at the energy, the intensity and the cosmological frontiers.
L’écoute de soi ou si j’étais mon meilleur ami
Authors: Mirabel-Sarron Christine
Published: April 2020

Les professionnels de santé quel qu’ils soient ont un taux de « burn out » parmi les plus élevés. Mieux gérer son stress devient une priorité pour sa santé physique et mentale, ainsi que pour son efficacité personnelle. Chacun d’entre nous a donc intérêt à développer une diversité de stratégies, d’habiletés auxquelles il pourra avoir recours. L’objectif principal est de ramener le stress à un niveau tolérable, moins nocif. Nous vous présentons une démarche d’écoute de soi inspirée des programmes de Mindfulness. L’objectif est de développer en quatre étapes des compétences psychologiques et émotionnelles déjà présentes en vous : l’écoute douce de soi, l’auto-bienveillance, l’auto-compassion, et l’acceptation. Prendre soin de soi est essentiel pour être disponible par la suite au monde qui nous entoure dans un rapport plus ajusté et fonctionnel.
La Littérature, stéthoscope du monde
Authors: Antoine-Meyzonnade Marie-Hélène
Published: April 2020

Que la littérature soit en relation avec l’écoute, c’est une évidence. Mais d’abord pour l’écoute du lecteur; il faut aller jusqu’à celle de l’écrivain qui, selon l’étymologie du mot, tend l’oreille au monde, quel qu’il soit.

Le monde et l’homme sont faits de langage – à écouter, à déchiffrer et à rendre le mieux possible dans sa propre langue.

L’écrivain écoute, et la littérature reflète cette écoute.
Phytotherapie zu Zeiten der Pest
Authors: Beer André-Michael
Published: April 2020

Die Sonderausstellung „Pest!“ im LWL-Museum für Archäologie in Herne präsentiert anhand von ca. 300 archäologischen und kulturgeschichtlichen Exponaten – etwa aus London, Hongkong und Marseille, aber auch aus Köln, Münster und Bochum – die faszinierende Geschichte der Pest und ihre Folgen. Die Ausstellung ist aber auch für die Phytotherapie, vor allem hinsichtlich der ätherischen Öle, von großem Interesse.
Pyrrolizidinalkaloid-Kontaminationen in Arzneipflanzen
Authors: Steinhoff Barbara
Published: April 2020

Nach der Festlegung von Grenzwerten für Arzneimittel aus PA-haltigen Arzneipflanzen in einem Stufenplanverfahren im Jahr 1992 ist seit 2013 das Thema „PA“ wegen einer möglichen Kontamination von Arzneipflanzen mit PA-haltigen Unkräutern wieder in die Diskussion geraten. Basierend auf einer vergleichbaren Bekanntmachung des BfArM hat das HMPC der Zulassungsagentur EMA im Jahr 2016 für eine Geltungsdauer von 3 Jahren einen vorläufigen Grenzwert von 1,0 µg Pyrrolizidinalkaloiden pro Tag bezogen auf das Fertigarzneimittel empfohlen, die im Januar 2019 um weitere 2 Jahre verlängert wurde. Bereits zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt hatten die Erkenntnisse über die Möglichkeit einer Kontamination mit PA-haltigen Unkräutern die Hersteller von pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln gemeinsam mit Anbauern und Lieferanten pflanzlicher Drogen veranlasst, Ursachenforschung zu betreiben und Maßnahmen zur Reduktion und Vermeidung einer möglichen PA-Kontamination zu ergreifen, die zusammenfassend in einem Code of Practice beschrieben sind. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte befassen sich u. a. mit dem Vorkommen PA-haltiger Unkräuter auf Anbauflächen, mit dem horizontalen Transfer von PA zwischen Pflanzen, mit dem Metabolismus der Alkaloide sowie mit toxikologischen Fragestellungen. Die Ergebnisse von Datensammlungen der Hersteller zeigen über die letzten Jahre eine deutliche Verminderung der PA-Belastung in pflanzlichen Drogen und Extrakten, die für die Herstellung pflanzlicher Arzneimittel eingesetzt werden. Es wird jedoch auch deutlich, dass das Problem einer PA-Kontamination in naher Zukunft nicht vollständig gelöst werden kann und deshalb auf Dauer ein realistischer Grenzwert geschaffen werden muss.
Wie bereit ist die Kommune? Das Community Readiness-Modell und die
beispielhafte Anwendung in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Gansefort Dirk , Peters Manuela , Brand Tilman
Published: April 2020

Das 2015 verabschiedete Präventionsgesetz sieht eine Stärkung
settingbasierter Präventionsansätze vor. Ziel der vorliegenden
Arbeit ist die Vorstellung des Community Readiness-Modells als ein Instrument
zur Bedarfsermittlung und Verbesserung gesundheitsförderlicher
Strukturen im Setting Kommune am Beispiel Bewegungsförderung im Alter im
Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Ready to Change. Community Readiness steht dabei
für kommunale Handlungsbereitschaft. Die Bedarfsermittlung im Rahmen der
Modell-Umsetzung erfolgt als Community Readiness-Assessment, bei dem an Themen
der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention angepasste
Leitfaden-gestützte Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen in Kommunen
geführt werden. Als Ergebnis wird für die Kommunen ein Stadium
der Handlungsbereitschaft identifiziert, aus dementsprechend zu ergreifende
Public Health-Maßnahmen abgeleitet werden. In unserem Beispiel wurde das
Modell an das Thema Bewegungsförderung im Alter im kommunalen Setting
angepasst. Ein Assessment wurde im Jahr 2015 in 23 Kommunen im Nordwesten
Deutschlands durchgeführt. Für die Ergebnisdarstellung des
Assessments werden beispielhaft Darstellungen wie Spinnweb-Diagramme und
geographische Verteilungen präsentiert. Mit dem Community
Readiness-Ansatz liegt ein Modell vor, mit dem eine systematische
Bestandsaufnahme und Verbesserung lokaler Strukturen und Ressourcen der
Gesundheitsförderung umgesetzt werden kann. Unsere Projekterfahrungen
zeigen, dass sich das Vorgehen im Community Readiness-Modell gut umsetzen
lässt. Wesentliche Vorteile dieses Ansatzes liegen in der Systematik des
Vorgehens und in der lokalen Stärken- und Schwächenanalyse als
Voraussetzung für kommunenspezifische Interventionen.