bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RoughDroid: Operative Scheme for Functional Android Malware Detection
Authors: Riad Khaled , Ke Lishan
Published: September 2018

There are thousands of malicious applications that invade Google Play Store every day and seem to be legal applications. These malicious applications have the ability to link the malware referred to as Dresscode created for network hacking as well as scrolling information. Since Android smartphones are indispensable, there should be an efficient and also unusual protection. Therefore, Android smartphones usually continue to be safeguarded from novel malware. In this paper, we propose RoughDroid, a floppy analysis technique that can discover Android malware applications directly on the smartphone. RoughDroid is based on seven feature sets (FS1,FS2,…,FS7) from the XML manifest file of an Android application, plus three feature sets (FS8,FS9, and FS10) from the Dex file. Those feature sets pass through the Rough Set algorithm to elastically classify the Android application as either benign or malicious. The experimental results mainly consider 20 most common malware families, plus three new malware families (Grabos, TrojanDropper.Agent.BKY, and AsiaHitGroup) that invade Google Play Store at 2017. According to the experimental results, RoughDroid has 95.6% detection performance for the malware families at 1% false-positive rate. Finally, RoughDroid is a lightweight approach for straightly examining downloaded applications on the smartphone.
CRIM: Conditional Remapping to Improve the Reliability of Solid-State Drives with Minimizing Lifetime Loss
Authors: Kim Youngpil , Park Hyunchan , Hong Cheol-Ho , Yoo Chuck
Published: September 2018

Solid-state drive (SSD) becomes popular as the main storage device. However, over time, the reliability of SSD degrades due to bit errors, which poses a serious issue. The periodic remapping (PR) has been suggested to overcome the issue, but it still has a critical weakness as PR increases lifetime loss. Therefore, we propose the conditional remapping invocation method (CRIM) to sustain reliability without lifetime loss. CRIM uses a probability-based threshold to determine the condition of invoking remapping operation. We evaluate the effectiveness of CRIM using the real workload trace data. In our experiments, we show that CRIM can extend a lifetime of SSD more than PR by up to 12.6% to 17.9% of 5-year warranty time. In addition, we show that CRIM can reduce the bit error probability of SSD by up to 73 times in terms of typical bit error rate in comparison with PR.
Nonintegrating Direct Conversion Using mRNA into Hepatocyte-Like Cells
Authors: Yoon Sangtae , Kang Kyojin , Cho Young-duck , Kim Yohan , Buisson Elina Maria , Yim Ji-Hye , Lee Seung Bum , Ryu Ki-Young , Jeong Jaemin , Choi Dongho
Published: September 2018

Recently, several researchers have reported that direct reprogramming techniques can be used to differentiate fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells without a pluripotent intermediate step. However, the use of viral vectors for conversion continues to pose important challenges in terms of genome integration. Herein, we propose a new method of direct conversion without genome integration with potential clinical applications. To generate hepatocyte-like cells, mRNA coding for the hepatic transcription factors Foxa3 and HNF4α was transfected into mouse embryonic fibroblasts. After 10-12 days, the fibroblasts converted to an epithelial morphology and generated colonies of hepatocyte-like cells (R-iHeps). The generated R-iHeps expressed hepatocyte-specific marker genes and proteins, including albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, HNF4α, CK18, and CYP1A2. To evaluate hepatic function, indocyanine green uptake, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and albumin secretion were assessed. Furthermore, mCherry-positive R-iHeps were engrafted in the liver of Alb-TRECK/SCID mice, and we confirmed FAH enzyme expression in Fah1RTyrc/RJ models. In conclusion, our data suggest that the nonintegrating method using mRNA has potential for cell therapy.
Complex Power System Status Monitoring and Evaluation Using Big Data Platform and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review and a Case Study
Authors: Guo Yuanjun , Yang Zhile , Feng Shengzhong , Hu Jinxing
Published: September 2018

Efficient and valuable strategies provided by large amount of available data are urgently needed for a sustainable electricity system that includes smart grid technologies and very complex power system situations. Big Data technologies including Big Data management and utilization based on increasingly collected data from every component of the power grid are crucial for the successful deployment and monitoring of the system. This paper reviews the key technologies of Big Data management and intelligent machine learning methods for complex power systems. Based on a comprehensive study of power system and Big Data, several challenges are summarized to unlock the potential of Big Data technology in the application of smart grid. This paper proposed a modified and optimized structure of the Big Data processing platform according to the power data sources and different structures. Numerous open‐sourced Big Data analytical tools and software are integrated as modules of the analytic engine, and self‐developed advanced algorithms are also designed. The proposed framework comprises a data interface, a Big Data management, analytic engine as well as the applications, and display module. To fully investigate the proposed structure, three major applications are introduced: development of power grid topology and parallel computing using CIM files, high‐efficiency load‐shedding calculation, and power system transmission line tripping analysis using 3D visualization. The real‐system cases demonstrate the effectiveness and great potential of the Big Data platform; therefore, data resources can achieve their full potential value for strategies and decision‐making for smart grid. The proposed platform can provide a technical solution to the multidisciplinary cooperation of Big Data technology and smart grid monitoring.
Investigations on Engineering Properties of Solidified/Stabilized Pb‐Contaminated Soil Based on Alkaline Residue
Authors: Zha Fusheng , Pan Dongdong , Xu Long , Kang Bo , Yang Chengbin , Chu Chengfu
Published: September 2018

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) has been considered as one of the most effective techniques for remediation of the heavy metal‐contaminated sites. Among various binders adopted in S/S, alkaline residue (AR) could be considered as a new binder to treat heavy metal‐contaminated soil due to its strong adsorptive capacity for heavy metal ions. So in this paper, the strength, leaching, and microstructure characteristics of the solidified/stabilized Pb‐contaminated soil by using alkaline residue are systematically investigated. Test results present that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the treated soil will increase, while the leached Pb2+ concentration will decrease, with the increase of the alkaline residue content in the specimen. The UCS increases significantly with the curing time increasing during the initial 28 days, after which the UCS of the specimen becomes stable. The leached Pb2+ concentration decreases significantly at the initial 28 days followed by a stable trend with curing time increasing. The UCS decreases and the leached Pb2+ concentration increases with the increase of the initial Pb2+ concentration in the specimen. The microstructural analysis performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the increase of the alkaline residue content and curing time will result in more hydration products and densified microstructure, which could effectively improve the engineering properties of the specimen.
Analytical Solution of Seepage Field in Karst Tunnel
Authors: Jiang Chong , Xie Han-song , He Jia-li , Wu Wen-yan , Zhang Zhi-chao
Published: September 2018

An analytical solution for the seepage field in water‐filled karst tunnel is derived based on the inversion of complex function and groundwater hydraulics theory. The solution considers the distance between the tunnel and the cavern, the size of the cavern, and the properties of the lining structure, such as the permeability coefficient as well as the radius of the grouting ring. This paper also performed numerical simulations for two cases: the application of gravity and the absence of gravity. The numerical solution was obtained to verify the analytical solution, and a good agreement was found. Then, the effect of parameters is discussed in detail, including the distance between the tunnel and the cavern, the radius of the cavern, the grouting ring, and the initial support. The results show that when the radius of the cavern is constant, the pressure head and seepage flow decrease as the distance between the tunnel and the cavern increases. When the distance is constant, the pressure head and seepage flow increase with the increase of the radius of the cavern. In addition, the pressure head and the seepage flow decrease with the increase of the thickness of the grouting ring and decrease with the decrease of the permeability coefficient. As the thickness of the initial support increases, the pressure head gradually increases and the percolation decreases. Furthermore, due to the great influence of the grouting ring and initial support on the pressure head and seepage flow, the thickness and permeability coefficient of the grouting ring and initial support should be taken into account carefully during construction.
Perioperative Immunosuppression and Risk of Cancer Progression: The Impact of Opioids on Pain Management
Authors: Zajączkowska Renata , Leppert Wojciech , Mika Joanna , Kocot-Kępska Magdalena , Woroń Jarosław , Wrzosek Anna , Wordliczek Jerzy
Published: September 2018

Opioids comprise an important group of drugs used in cancer pain pharmacotherapy. In recent years, more and more studies have emerged indicating the potentially immunosuppressive effects of opioid analgesics and their serious consequences, including the risk of cancer progression. The identification of these risks has prompted a search for other effective, and most importantly, safer methods of perioperative analgesic management. Regional analgesia techniques, which allow for a significant reduction in opioid dosing and thus diminish the risk of immunosuppression associated with these drugs, seem to offer substantial hope in this respect. A number of studies available in the literature assess the effects of regional analgesia techniques on cancer progression; however, it is often difficult to interpret their results owing to several perioperative factors (such as surgical trauma, inadequate pain and stress relief, and hypothermia) which are also attributed immunosuppressive effects and tend to be implicated in increased risk of cancer progression. Further research is needed to verify the available data on both the potential adverse effects of opioids and the possible protective effects of regional analgesia techniques on cancer patients.
Feedforward Chaotic Neural Network Model for Rotor Rub-Impact Fault Recognition Using Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Peng Wei , Liu Weidong , Cheng Xinmin , Shi Liping
Published: September 2018

The rubbing faults caused by dynamic and static components in large rotatory machine are dangerous in manufacture process. This paper applies a feedforward chaotic neural network (FCNN) to recognize acoustic emission (AE) source in rotor rubbing and diagnose the rotor operational condition. This method adds the dynamic chaotic neurons based on logistic mapping into the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model to avoid the network falling into a local minimum, the delayed and feedback structure for maximum efficiency of recognition performance. The AE data was rotor rubbing process sampled from the test rig of rotatory machine, classification by fault degree. The experimental results indicate that the recognition rate is superior to the traditional BP network models. It is an effective method to recognize the rubbing faults for the machine normal operation.
How to Treat Chronic Idiopathic Testicular Pain? Scrotoscopy with a Novel Percutaneous Endoscopy Equipment
Authors: Lei Junhao , Luo Chunhua , Su Xinjun , Wang Xinghuan
Published: September 2018

Background. Management of chronic idiopathic testicular pain may be difficult because of problems identifying the causes. We evaluated “AUTOKLAV”, a novel endourological nephrolithotomy device to diagnose and treat chronic idiopathic testicular pain. Methods. We divided 103 patients to either scrotoscopy group (SG, n = 64) or open exploration group (OEG, n = 39) between September 2014 and March 2017 at Zhongnan Hospital. Perioperative information, like operating time, length of incision, and wound infections, was carefully recorded during in hospital. Follow-up data, like pain scores improvement, satisfaction with penis appearance, and adverse event, were collected at one month postoperatively. Results. Finally, both the operating time and length of incision showed better performance for SG (43.6 ± 4.7 versus 51.5 ± 9.0 min; 0.7 ± 0.2 versus 4.1 ± 0.8 cm; both P <0.01). Though the pain improvement had no significant differences between the two groups (2.92 ± 0.99 and 2.14 ± 1.02, p>0.05), SG showed obvious advantages in incidence of wound infections and satisfaction with wound/scrotum appearance (0% versus 2.9%; 96.4% versus 85.3%, both P<0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, scrotoscopy using the novel AUTOKLAV device is feasible, has an acceptable complication rate, and can be effective and safe in men with idiopathic chronic testicular pain. Etiologically, secondary inflammatory changes caused by the complete or incomplete torsion of testicular or epididymis appendices or by the existence of stones in the tunica sac might be responsible for the pain.
An Estrogen-Related Dietary Pattern and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Guinter Mark A. , Sandler Dale P. , McLain Alexander C. , Merchant Anwar T. , Steck Susan E.
Published: September 2018

Background: The results of previous studies on diet and postmenopausal breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, but there is some evidence that dietary patterns developed to correlate with estrogen levels are associated with breast cancer. We aimed to examine the association of a previously developed estrogen-related dietary pattern (ERDP) with postmenopausal breast cancer in the Sister Study.

Methods: The ERDP was calculated from food frequency questionnaire responses among Sister Study participants without a personal history of cancer and who contributed postmenopausal person-time at risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the ERDP and postmenopausal breast cancer.

Results: With more than 261,959 person-years of follow-up and 1,968 incident cases, the ERDP was not associated with total, invasive, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive or ER-negative subtypes of breast cancer. Results were robust to various sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: The results do not support previous studies observing a positive association between a proestrogenic dietary pattern and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Null results may be partially explained by high levels of other breast cancer risk factors within the study population, such as a family history of breast cancer.

Impact: An estrogen-related dietary pattern may not be a strong predictor of breast cancer risk in all populations. Future studies of diet and breast cancer should evaluate the potential for effect modification by family history and consider differences in dietary assessment tools when comparing results across study populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1223–6. ©2018 AACR.
Characterization of the Selective Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) Catalytic Inhibitor EOS200271/PF-06840003 Supports IDO1 as a Critical Resistance Mechanism to PD-(L)1 Blockade Therapy
Authors: Gomes Bruno , Driessens Gregory , Bartlett Derek , Cai Danying , Cauwenberghs Sandra , Crosignani Stefano , Dalvie Deepak , Denies Sofie , Dillon Christopher P. , Fantin Valeria R. , Guo Jie , Letellier Marie-Claire , Li Wenlin , Maegley Karen , Marillier Reece , Miller Nichol , Pirson Romain , Rabolli Virginie , Ray Chad , Streiner Nicole , Torti Vince R. , Tsaparikos Konstantinos , Van den Eynde Benoit J. , Wythes Martin , Yao Li-Chin , Zheng Xianxian , Tumang Joseph , Kraus Manfred
Published: September 2018

Tumors use indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) as a major mechanism to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment. IDO1 expression is upregulated in many cancers and considered to be a resistance mechanism to immune checkpoint therapies. IDO1 is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli such as IFNγ and promotes immune tolerance by depleting tryptophan and producing tryptophan catabolites, including kynurenine, in the tumor microenvironment. This leads to effector T-cell anergy and enhanced Treg function through upregulation of FoxP3. As a nexus for the induction of key immunosuppressive mechanisms, IDO1 represents an important immunotherapeutic target in oncology. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the novel selective, orally bioavailable IDO1 inhibitor EOS200271/PF-06840003. It reversed IDO1-induced T-cell anergy in vitro. In mice carrying syngeneic tumor grafts, PF-06840003 reduced intratumoral kynurenine levels by over 80% and inhibited tumor growth both in monotherapy and, with an increased efficacy, in combination with antibodies blocking the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. We demonstrate that anti–PD-L1 therapy results in increased IDO1 metabolic activity thereby providing additional mechanistic rationale for combining PD-(L)1 blockade with IDO1 inhibition in cancer immunotherapies. Supported by these preclinical data and favorable predicted human pharmacokinetic properties of PF-06840003, a phase I open-label, multicenter clinical study (NCT02764151) has been initiated.
Augmentation of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect with Nitric Oxide–Generating Agents Improves the Therapeutic Effects of Nanomedicines
Authors: Islam Waliul , Fang Jun , Imamura Takahisa , Etrych Tomas , Subr Vladimir , Ulbrich Karel , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect–based nanomedicine is a promising strategy for successful anticancer therapy. The EPR effect is based on tumor blood flow. Because advanced large tumors, as frequently seen in clinical settings, are heterogeneous, with regions of defective vasculature and blood flow, achieving the desired tumor drug delivery is difficult. Here, we utilized the EPR effect to increase drug delivery. To augment the EPR effect for improved therapeutic effects of nanomedicine, we exploited vascular mediators—the nitric oxide (NO) generators nitroglycerin (NG), hydroxyurea, and l-arginine. These compounds generate NO in tumors with relatively high selectivity. Using different nanosized drugs in our protocol significantly increased (1.5–2 times) delivery of nanomedicines to different solid tumor models, along with markedly improving (2–3-fold) the antitumor effects of these drugs. Also, in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene–induced advanced end-stage breast cancer, often seen in clinical settings, 2 mg/kg polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP) with NG (0.2 mg/mouse) showed better effects than did 5 mg/kg P-THP, and 5 mg/kg P-THP used with NG resulted in cures or stable tumors (no tumor growth) for up to 120 days. Moreover, in a murine autochthonous azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer model, NO donors markedly improved the therapeutic effects of P-THP even after just one injection, results that were comparable with those achieved with three weekly P-THP treatments. These findings strongly suggest the potential usefulness of NO donors as EPR effect enhancers to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines.
The Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Intestinal Mucosa of Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Chen Ning , You Peng , Peng Tao , Chen Guodong , Wang Jiangyuan , Li Jing , Liu Yulan
Published: September 2018

Aims: This cross-sectional study is to investigate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and its correlation with the clinical disease activities and therapeutic regimens. Methods: Subjects undergoing colonoscopy for screening of polyps were recruited as control. EBV DNA load was analyzed by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and EBV-encoded RNAs were tested by in situ hybridization in intestinal mucosa of IBD patients. EBV infection was defined as positive with either method. Clinical disease activity was assessed using the Mayo Clinic Score for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease activity index for CD. Results: EBV was detectable in 33 out of 99 IBD patients (33.3%). In controls, EBV prevalence was 7.5% (3/40). We found a significant correlation between EBV prevalence and clinical disease activities (mild [10.71%, 3/28] versus moderate [32.73%, 18/55], severe [75.00%, n = 12/16], p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in EBV prevalence between patients who received immunosuppressive therapy and those who did not. Conclusions: EBV infection is common in colonic mucosa of IBD patients. There is a significant correlation between EBV infection and clinical disease activities of IBD. However, prospective studies are still needed to explore the exact role of EBV in IBD.
Apelin-13 Administration Protects Against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Zhang Hailin , Chen Sha , Zeng Meichun , Lin Daopeng , Wang Yu , Wen Xunhang , Xu Changfu , Yang Li , Fan Xiaofang , Gong Yongsheng , Zhang Hongyu , Kong Xiaoxia
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Acute lung injury (ALI) is induced by a variety of external and internal factors and leads to acute progressive respiratory failure. Previous studies have shown that apelin-13 can decrease the acute lung injury induced by LPS, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Therefore, a mouse lung injury model and a cell model were designed to explore the mechanism of how apelin-13 alleviates the acute lung injury caused by LPS. Methods: The effect of apelin-13 on LPS-induced structural damage was determined by H&E staining and by the wet/dry weight ratio. The related inflammatory factors in BALF were examined by ELISA. The apoptotic pathway and the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways were evaluated by using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: LPS induced the structural damage and the production of inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissues of mice. These deleterious effects were attenuated by apelin-13 administration. The protective effects of apelin-13 were associated with decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the inhibition of the activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in mice and in Raw264.7 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest that apelin-13 administration ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by suppressing ROS formation, as well as by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the lungs.
Inês de Castro e a Doutrina-da-Ciência
Authors: Torres Filho Rubens Rodrigues
Published: September 2018

1 Uma primeira versão deste artigo foi publicada na Folha de S. Paulo em 12 de junho de 1987. Tendo se tornado uma referência em estudos de literatura portuguesa, é aqui publicado com pequenas modificações e o acréscimo do texto do poema de Camões, no final. [NE]
Ideias estéticas e imaginação poética em Hölderlin
Authors: Vaccari Ulisses Razzante
Published: September 2018

O presente texto procura investigar o projeto estético de Hölderlin anunciado numa carta a Neuffer como um texto sobre ideias estéticas. A declaração, da mesma carta, de que o ensaio de Schiller Sobre graça e dignidade, apesar de não ter dado o necessário passo além do limite kantiano, teria apontado o caminho certo, servirá como fio condutor da presente investigação, cujo objetivo final é fornecer umainterpretação do fragmento Sobre a lei da liberdade, em que o poeta desenvolve uma fundamentação filosófica da imaginação poética.
David Hume e o “curioso ajuste das causas finais”
Authors: Salles Fernão de Oliveira
Published: September 2018

Trata-se, em primeiro lugar, de examinar a parte III dos Diálogos sobre a religião natural de David Hume e de indicar sua importância na economia interna da obra. Em segundo lugar, pretende-se propor uma explicação do texto da parte XII que permita tirar algumas conclusões acerca do estatuto da teleologia ao final dos Diálogos e na filosofia de Hume de modo geral.
Linguagem e inconsciente em Lacan
Authors: Soliva Soria Ana Carolina
Published: September 2018

O presente texto, que tem como guia as ideias de Jacques Lacan expostas no “Seminário sobre A carta roubada”, investiga alguns aspectos da imbricação entre linguagem e inconsciente no pensamento do psicanalista francês.
Sobre a taxonomia dos transtornos mentais (Resenha)
Authors: Hacking Ian
Published: September 2018

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A graça da virtude
Authors: Santos Leonardo Rennó Ribeiro
Published: September 2018

Trata-se neste texto de oferecer um contrapeso, mediante o exame da noção de bela aparência, duas outras noções, fundamentais para a investigação kantiana sobre a natureza dos homens, quais sejam, as de intratabilidade humana, proveniente da Ideia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita, e de comensalidade, presente na primeira parte da Antropologia de um ponto de vista pragmático. Pretende-se com esta conjunção não só afirmar a continuidade entre ambos os textos, ditos marginais em relação ao corpus crítico, como também, e sobretudo, ressaltar a face aprazível do projeto moral kantiano.
Da natureza e das causas da opulência pública (fragmento), de Adam Smith
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre Amaral
Published: September 2018

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Raízes filosóficas da noção de ordem nos fisiocratas
Authors: Monzani Luiz Roberto
Published: September 2018

Trata-se de mostrar, como diz o título, em que medida anoção de ordem adotada pelos fisiocratas, em especial por Quesnay, tem pressupostos filosóficos nem sempre explícitos, porém importantes para compreender as doutrinas econômicas desses autores bem como a sua contribuição para as ditas ciências humanas.
Diderot salonnier
Authors: Mota Vladimir De Oliva
Published: September 2018

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Uma nova geração da teoria crítica
Authors: Bressiani Nathalie
Published: September 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo oferecer uma perspectiva sobre a produção de certos teóricos, europeus e norte-americanos, cuja reflexão filosófica pode ser agrupada sob a alcunha de “teoria crítica”, dada a filiação mais ou menos direta, que eles mesmos reconhecem, com os herdeiros da Escola de Frankfurt – Habermas, Apel, Honnet. Trata-se de identificar as possibilidades e limites da tentativa de renovar essa tradição no quadro das atuais discussões filosófico-políticas.
A diferença e a contradição. A crítica deleuzeana à dialética e as questões da dialética a Deleuze
Authors: Safatle Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Este artigo visa discutir as relações possíveis entre a dialética hegeliana e a ontologia de Gilles de Deleuze. Trata-se de apresentar as críticas de Deleuze à Hegel de forma a reavaliar o sistema de proximidade e distância entre os dois filósofos. O eixo deste debate será fornecido pelos conceitos de contradiçãoe diferença.
Um oblívio de Kant
Authors: Cohn Danièle
Published: September 2018

O presente texto foi publicado com o mesmo título – “Un oubli de Kant” – no livro da Profa. Danièle Cohn intitulado "L’Artiste, le vrai et le juste: sur l’esthétique des Lumières", Paris, Éditions Rue d’Ulm/Presses de l’École normale supérieure – musée du quai Branly, 2014. A presente tradução foi autorizada pela autora.
A Viagem à Itália e a estética goethiana
Authors: Maas Wilma Patricia
Published: September 2018

Empreende-se aqui uma leitura de Viagem à Itália, de Goethe, menos como uma obra autobiográfica do que como uma das muitas narrativas enciclopédicas do autor, em que relatos de diferentes dicções e propósitos são reunidos sob motivos e sugestões comuns. Aqui, busca-se identificaresse fio condutor sob a recepção goethiana das formas, naturais e artísticas, trazidas pela experiência italiana.
Conhecimento e análise em “Propositional knowledge” de Ernst Sosa
Authors: Salles João Carlos
Published: September 2018

A obra de Ernest Sosa apresenta versões diversas da análise do conhecimento, tendo por ponto de partida o problema de Gettier. Tendo por pressuposto que o conjunto de trabalhos de Sosa perfazem uma obra, dotada de método e démarche característicos, além de enfim configurar uma posição singular no cenário epistemológico contemporâneo, pretendemos apresentar a evolução de versões da análise anteriores à sua epistemologia das virtudes, com atenção especial para o texto “Propositional Knowledge”, de 1969. Assim, refletindo especialmente sobre a especificidade e a relação intrínseca entre as noções de ‘análise’ e ‘conhecimento’ no movimento da obra de Sosa, será possível mostrar condições formais e as dificuldades argumentativas que solicitam a introdução de virtudes intelectuais na definição de conhecimento, bem como antecipar desafios que tornam a epistemologia das virtudes um dos mais produtivos programas de investigação da epistemologia contemporânea.
High species diversity of the genus Neopanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: WANG MENG , HUA BAO-ZHEN
Published: September 2018

Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 is the second largest genus of Panorpidae, and is endemic to the Oriental Region. Yunnan, a province in the southwestern region of China, is well-known as a biodiversity hotspot and abundant in Neopanorpa species. However, only sixteen species of Neopanorpa have been described from Yunnan hitherto and the taxonomic study of Neopanorpa in Yunnan has lagged far behind as compared with studies performed in neighboring regions. In the present study, notably high diversity of Neopanorpa species is found in the Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan. Seven species of Neopanorpa are described as new: N. semiorbiculata, N. tincta, N. triangulata, N. diancangshanensis, N. magnatitilana, N. longistipitata, and N. quadristigma spp. n. Neopanorpa spatulata Byers, 1965, originally described from Thailand, is recorded from China for the first time. Neopanorpa dimidiata Navás, 1930 is a synonym of N. brisi (Navás, 1930). Keys to species of Neopanorpa in Yunnan are provided. The phylogenetic relationships of Neopanorpa species from the Hengduan Mountains, the Indochinese Peninsula, and the eastern Himalayas are briefly discussed.
Revision of the genus Palmanura Cassagnau, 1983 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae: Sensillanurini)
Authors: ARANGO ANGELA , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , VÁZQUEZ MAGDALENA , MARÍN ELIDA P.
Published: September 2018

A revision of Palmanura is presented, P. klompeni sp. nov. P. moralesi sp. nov., P. contrerasi sp. nov. and P. axelretanai sp. nov. are described and illustrated, and P. normae Palacios-Vargas, 1996 and P. sernai Palacios-Vargas & Simón Benito, 2009 are redescribed. New records and distribution data are given for several species and a key for identifying every species of the genus are included. A discussion on the ventral chaetotaxy of all genera of the tribe Sensillanurini and a comparison with other tribes of Neanurinae is also provided.
Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences
Authors: Morris Gerwyn , Fernandes Brisa S , Puri Basant K , Walker Adam J , Carvalho Andre F , Berk Michael
Published: September 2018

Background:

The blood–brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Methods:

In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood–brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood–brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers.

Results:

Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood–brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood–brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood–brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a ‘leaky brain’.

Conclusion:

Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a ‘leaky gut’. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
Policy Coalition Building in an Authoritarian Legislature: Evidence From China’s National Assemblies (1983-2007)
Authors: Lü Xiaobo , Liu Mingxing , Li Feiyue
Published: September 2018

Recent studies of authoritarian legislatures underscore the importance of institutions for cooptation and information collection, but many still consider authoritarian legislatures rubber stamps in policy making. We argue that authoritarian legislatures could be important arenas of the contestation reflected in delegates’ bills and proposals instead of their voting outcomes. Specifically, government agencies use authoritarian legislatures to build policy coalitions to advance their policy agendas. Delegates serve as proxy fighters for key party and government elites with different policy preferences. We provide evidence based on an original dataset containing education-related bills and policy proposals submitted to both Chinese national assemblies between 1983 and 2007. We identify the existence of the policy coalitions, and find coalition building is more intensified prior to the promulgation of education-related laws. We then employ network analysis to illustrate the channels behind policy coalition network.
Anchoring and Adjustment in Uncertain Spatial Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Herdener Nathan , Clegg Benjamin A. , Wickens Christopher D. , Smith C. A. P.
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of prior information on spatial prediction and understanding of variability.

Background:

In uncertain spatial prediction tasks, such as hurricane forecasting or planning search-and-rescue operations, decision makers must consider the most likely case and the distribution of possible outcomes. Base performance on these tasks is varied (and in the case of understanding the distribution, often poor). Humans must update mental models and predictions with new information, sometimes under cognitive workload.

Method:

In a spatial-trajectory prediction task, participants were anchored on accurate or inaccurate information, or not anchored, regarding the future behavior of an object (both average behavior and the variability). Subsequently, they predicted an object’s future location and estimated its likelihood at multiple locations. In a second experiment, participants repeated the process under varying levels of external cognitive workload.

Results:

Anchoring influenced understanding of most likely predicted location, with fairly rapid adjustment following inaccurate anchors. Increasing workload resulted in decreased overall performance and an impact on the adjustment component of the task. Overconfidence was present in all conditions.

Conclusion:

Prior information exerted short-term influence on spatial predictions. Cognitive load impaired users’ ability to effectively adjust to new information. Accurate graphical anchors did not improve user understanding of variability.

Application:

Prior briefings or forecasts about spatiotemporal trajectories affect decisions even in the face of initial contradictory information. To best support spatial prediction tasks, efforts also need to be made to separate extraneous load-causing tasks from the process of integrating new information. Implications are discussed.
The energy-absorbing characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy honeycomb structures
Authors: Alia RA , Al-Ali O , Kumar S , Cantwell WJ
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the compression properties and energy-absorbing characteristics of a carbon fiber-reinforced honeycomb structure manufactured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM). The composite core materials were manufactured using a machined steel baseplate onto which hexagonal blocks were secured. A unidirectional carbon fiber fabric was inserted into the slots and the resulting mold was vacuum bagged and infused with a two-part epoxy resin. After curing, the hexagonal blocks were removed, leaving a well-defined composite honeycomb structure. Samples were then cut from the composite cores and inspected in an X-ray computed tomography machine prior to testing. Mechanical tests on the honeycomb structures yielded compression strengths of up to 35 MPa and specific energy absorption values in excess of 47 kJ/kg. When normalized by the density of the core, the resulting values of specific strength were significantly higher than those measured on traditional core materials. The unidirectional cores failed as a result of longitudinal splitting through the thickness of the core, whereas the multidirectional honeycombs failed in a combined splitting/fiber fracture mode, absorbing significantly more energy than their unidirectional counterparts. Increasing the weight fraction of fibers served to increase the strength and energy-absorbing capacity of the core. Finally, it was also shown that introducing a chamfer acted to reduce the initial peak force and precipitate a more stable mode of failure.
Ecological Crisis and the Logic of Capital
Authors: Vasan Sudha
Published: September 2018

This article draws out the contradictions in the relationship between capitalism as a mode of production and our contemporary efforts to deal with the breaching of planetary boundaries or the ecological crisis. First, it looks at the theoretical developments in understanding the source of our current ecological crisis. The historical establishment of a metabolic rift and the shifts engendered as solutions to this problem within capitalism are discussed. Then, it focuses on the problem of perception of the ecological crisis in the contemporary world. An unequal world cannot be a sustainable world as standpoint influences even the perception of an impending precipice, and consequently any form of collective action. Given this inability to understand the crisis, the solutions that emerge are reductive and tend to spatially, temporally or socially shift the problem rather than resolve it. Finally, it argues that environmentalism—or efforts to ‘save the planet’—needs to be understood based on the understanding of the problem rather than on social location of its members.
Correlation between mechanical and microstructural properties of vulcanized polyisoprene, polychloroprene, and nitrile-butadiene rubber subjected to accelerated thermal aging
Authors: Hernández Fabián E , Medina C , Moraga G , Ramírez J , Jaramillo AF , Báez-Cruz R , Meléndrez MF , Flores P
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this work was to correlate the effects of thermal aging on the macroscopic properties and microstructural changes for three vulcanized rubber types. The materials were subjected to accelerated thermal aging for periods between 0 and 168 h at 100°C. This aging was evaluated by investigating the mechanical properties and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman analysis. The results showed that subjecting the materials to thermal aging for a longer time decreased the elongation at break and tear strength and increased the hardness, while tensile strength exhibited different behavior and followed a different trend. The spectroscopy analyses indicated that there is a decrease in the amount of C=C present in the polymer as the aging time increased, which could be identified by the decrease in peak intensity at 1537 and 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR and Raman spectrum, respectively. These results were attributed mainly to an increase in cross-link density, which caused degradation of the material, essentially by a loss of ductility. A good linear relation ( R2 approximately 0.95) between changes in the intensity of FTIR peaks for the C=C signal and changes in elongation at break and hardness was found, concluding that these are good indicators of degradation in elastomers.
An evaluation of a safety improvement intervention in care homes in England: a participatory qualitative study
Authors: Marshall Martin , Pfeifer Nadine , de Silva Debi , Wei Li , Anderson James , Cruickshank Lesley , Attreed-James Kieran , Shand Jenny
Published: September 2018

Summary

Objective

A growing proportion of older people live in care homes and are at high risk of preventable harm. This study describes a participatory qualitative evaluation of a complex safety improvement intervention, comprising training, performance measurement and culture-change elements, on the safety of care provided for residents.

Design

A participatory qualitative study.

Setting

Ninety care homes in one geographical locality in southern England.

Participants

A purposeful sample of care home managers, front-line staff, residents, quality improvement facilitators and trainers, local government and health service commissioners, and an embedded researcher.

Main outcome measures

Changes in care home culture and work processes, assessed using documentary analysis, interviews, observations and surveys and analysed using a framework-based thematic approach.

Results

Participation in the programme appears to have led to changes in the value that staff place on resident safety and to changes in their working practices, in particular in relation to their desire to proactively manage resident risk and their willingness to use data to examine established practice. The results suggest that there is a high level of commitment among care home staff to address the problem of preventable harm. Mobilisation of this commitment appears to benefit from external facilitation and the introduction of new methods and tools.

Conclusions

An evidence-based approach to reducing preventable harm in care homes, comprising an intervention with both technical and social components, can lead to changes in staff priorities and practices which have the potential to improve outcomes for people who live in care homes.
Model predictive force control of hardware implementation for electro-hydraulic servo system
Authors: Essa Mohamed El-Sayed M. , Aboelela Magdy AS , Moustafa Hassan MA , Abdrabbo SM
Published: September 2018

This manuscript introduces the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for high force control precision in a real industrial electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS). Moreover, it presents a fractional order control (FOC) and conventional controllers (CC) based on genetic algorithm (GA). The GA technique has been used to tune the parameters of FOC and CC approach. In order to verify the ability of the proposed controller applied to the hydraulic press machines emulator using EHSS, a hardware implementation of a test press system is also suggested and setup to be used in this research. As a result, the study has been investigated using a simulation model then verified via the experimental implementation. In fact, the EHSS plays an important role in many industrial applications, especially in flight simulators, aircraft landing gear system, material testing machine and hydraulic press machines for which the high accuracy and fast response of the force or pressure control are exceedingly necessary. Real-time experiments on the EHSS are carried out to evaluate the proposed control approach in a large system parameters variation of working environments. Considerable improvement in the performance generated by the designed MPC controller is compared with the traditional and fractional order controllers. Moreover, the results show that the performance criteria in terms of settling, rise times, system overshoots, system parameters variation and applying different test signals are good values in case of applying MPC over using FOC and CC in this study. As a general conclusion, one can conclude that the MPC has the priority of applying it in the field of the industrial EHSS. The obtained results are promising in the field of mechatronic.
Event-based finite horizon state estimation for stochastic systems with network-induced phenomena
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Aolei , Zhou Wenju , Tu Xiaowei , Wang Gang , Wang HongGang
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates a finite horizon state estimation problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with random transmission delays and out-of-order packets of data. Employing an event-driven signal-choosing scheme of logic zero-order-holder (LZOH), a system model is established synthetically in a unified form considering the network-induced phenomena, to drop out-of-order packets and improve system performance. By virtue of the established system model, a novel minimum error covariance matrix for the augmented state-space is obtained from the estimated variance constraint. With the aid of a finite horizon, the upper boundary of estimation error covariance is introduced during the information transmission from sensor to estimator, and the appropriate filter parameters are probed. To improve the estimation performance and alleviate the computation burden, an estimation-based compensation approach for random transmission delays is proposed using the received valid signals. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed state estimation method are illustrated by a numerical simulation.
Investigating the relationships between unfaithful parent’s apologies, adult children’s third-party forgiveness, and communication of forgiveness following parental infidelity
Authors: Thorson Allison R.
Published: September 2018

Guided by theorizing on forgiveness, this study examined the impact of communication on the third-party forgiveness process for adult children following the discovery of their parents’ infidelity. Results from a series of parallel mediated regression and partial correlation analyses advance theorizing on parental infidelity and third-party forgiveness, such that they inform readers that adult children are generally more likely to forgive their unfaithful parent for engaging in infidelity when unfaithful parents offer a sincere apology to them for engaging in this transgression. Two variables—empathy and attributions—were identified as significant mediators of the third-party forgiveness process. Last, the relationships between third-party forgiveness and communicative forgiveness granting tactics were examined. These findings provide a greater understanding of the impact of communication on the forgiveness process, the communication surrounding parental infidelity, and third-party forgiveness.