bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregroup Training
Authors: Kivlighan Dennis M. , Corazzini John G. , McGovern Thomas V.
Published: March 2007

Earlier reviews have asserted the superiority of structure versus ambiguity in the prac tice of group therapy. This review attempts to specify the dimensions that lead to this asserted superiority. The pregroup training literature is reviewed in terms of method and timing of presentation and content of training. A model is proposed that links con tent and timing with issues in group development Implications for practice and re search are noted.
Interpersonal Ratings and Mutual Eye Contact
Authors: Hurley John R. , Bennett Marsha K.
Published: March 2007

This study explores associations of mutual eye contact (MEC) with self-accepting and other- accepting conduct by small group members as assessed by pooled group peers and self. Peer- based estimates of individuals' MEC consistently correlated positively and significantly with peers'ratings of their self-accepting behavior, with the spans individuals used for these in terpersonal ratings, and more mildly but consistently with their severity as raters, but not with self-ratings of self-acceptance or other-acceptance or with peer-rated acceptance of others. The results indicate robust and substantial connections between interpersonal behav iors representing the nonverbal and verbal domains despite rather limited reliability of these MEC measures.
Medical Relabeling in Gamblers Anonymous
Authors: Turner David N. , Saunders Danny
Published: March 2007

A 12-monthparticipant observation study of two Gamblers Anonymous (GA) groups in South Wales was prompted by concern with the increasing emphasis placed by professional and academic investigators upon a medical understanding of gambling. Such an understanding attributes little to the capacity of individuals apart from the ability to lose control of themselves through the contraction of a disease commonly described as "compulsive gambling. " Through the collection of information from GA meetings, personal interviews, and other informal gatherings, it is concluded that two broad consequences arise from encountering fellow sufferers: an acceptance of the state of their condition (diseased) or a rejection of such a diagnosis (in spite of mirror-image selves) but with the knowledge that they are returning to the "outside" world with a reconstituted self-image and its consequential meaning. Those individuals who concede to the diagnosis must commit themselves to a recovery program that will never ultimately achieve what it suggests. A commitment is required not to their own rehabilitation but to the will of GA, a force that relies on the power of group persuasion for its very continuance. These are the driving elements behind such a self-help group, as well as a professed desire to help individuals shed themselves of an invisible disease that has in fact been constructed by the larger society, and which is shared by those individuals or groups of individuals who do not conform or appear to threaten such norms. A passage through the stages of the medical model is outlined and the reader can identify with several important roles within this journey in search of a new self a self portrayed by GA members as an "ideal type, " one for which they all apparently strive.
Organizational Demography as a Context of Supervisory Disciplinary Actions
Authors: Werbel James D. , Kidwell, Roland E.
Published: March 2007

Previous research suggests that the demographic attributes of a work unit can be linked to organizational variables such as communication and turnover rates. The current study continues this line of research by examining the association of work unit demographics of age, gender, race, and education with the use of disciplinary actions in different work units of a nationally based sample offranchise operations. Using a sample of 244fast-food store operations, this studyfound an association between education ratios and use of disciplinary actions. Heterogeneity effects for race were also found. The results suggest that organizational demography is a complex construct that requires both greater theoretical development andfurther empirical research.
Mapping the Interpersonal Underworld
Authors: Kuypers Bart C. , Alers Marina B.
Published: March 2007

This study focuses on development of self-analytic groups as a sequence of specific social realities. Assuming that the "cast" (composition) of a group is a determining factor in its actual enactment of this sequence of social realities, the question arises whether group members, who performed specific central roles on the various "stages" of group development, can be differentiated in terns of their "role scripts." The theoretical model, conceptually connecting stages, roles, and scripts, is presented first. Discriminant analysis on questionnaire profiles of 60 graduate students shows that the 4 hypothesized groups of (observed) actors (dependency leader, disciplinarian, conciliator, and nonconformer) are indeedsignificantly different. However, a solution with l0differenttypes shows better results: shaper, isolate, weak sibling, saboteur, organizer, tyrant, hero, leader, idol, and seducer; as we labeled thent. Finally, as a heuristic attempt to generate more specific hypotheses for future studies, compositions of the role scripts are made.
The Perceptually "Privileged" Group Member
Authors: Craig Kellina M. , Rand Kristine A.
Published: March 2007

The effect of solo status was investigated in 32 same-sex small groups in which the racial status of one of the four members was systematically varied to reflect African American and White group majorities. During one task-oriented session, each group member made ratings of one another and selected one member to be leader on a future task. Judgments of solos varied as a function of their racial status. African American solos were judged more favorably and were more often selected to be leader than were White targets in both African American and White majorities. More generally, these findings indicate that theories of relative numbers and salience effects that explain group processes in gender contexts do not apply in the same way to race contexts. Implications of these findings for organizational settings, and interracial interaction in small groups are discussed.
My Experiences with Simulation/Gaming— 5 Years Further Down the Road
Authors: Affisco John F.
Published: March 2007

This article presents the author’s viewpoint on how innovations in information technology, mainly in the area of decision support systems, during the past 5 years have made possible an increase in the use of business gaming as a context for the study of collaborative strategic decision making. To help explain this opinion, the case of group support for a plant location decision is discussed. Some closing remarks on how the author’s perspective has changed over the past 5 years are provided.
From ISAGA ’94 to AILA ’99
Authors: Halleck Gene B.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the author retraces her steps from the ISAGA conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1994, where she had the distinction of being “the faculty member accompanied by the most graduate students” to the most recent symposium she organized with her students on simulation and gaming at AILA 1999 in Tokyo, Japan.
Designing Educational Support in System-Dynamics-Based Interactive Learning Environments
Authors: Alessi Stephen
Published: March 2007

Although learning in the system dynamics approach is generally accomplished through student model creation, there are many cases where learning may be better facilitated through incorporation of system dynamics models into more guided simulations. A model of simulation design is described and illustrated wherein designers create models in a system dynamics package and then transfer those models into a general instructional authoring system for the addition of instructional support features.
Research Note: Group Decision Making Using Knowledge-Based Systems— An Experimental Study
Authors: Dasgupta Subhasish , Chanin Michael , Ioannidis Anthony
Published: March 2007

The authors present results of their preliminary study of the value of a knowledge-based system (KBS) on the effectiveness of group decision making in a business gaming environment. The authors developed a KBS that provided recommendations to the experimental groups regarding the quality of their decision making. The experiment involved 24 groups with 3-4 members per group. Twelve groups used the KBS in their decision making. The remaining groups were control groups. In KBS groups, the authors detected no significant effect on intragroup conflict, but found marginally increased group performance and decreased group member satisfaction and confidence with the decisions of their groups.
Back from the Future: An ABSEL “Merlin” Exercise for the Year 2005
Authors: Patz Alan L. , Keys J. Bernard , Cannon Hugh M.
Published: March 2007

In preparation for the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning’s (ABSEL’s) 25th anniversary meeting, the authors have involved a number of their senior members in a futuristic “Merlin” exercise. The exercise is derived from T. S. White’s notion that Merlin was living his life from the future backward. The exercise asks participants to imagine that they are living backward like Merlin, describing what they would say back in the year 2005. This article describes the results of this exercise.
The Differential Effects of Experiential Learning Activities and Traditional Lecture Classes in Accounting
Authors: Specht Linda B. , Sandlin Petrea K.
Published: March 2007

This study examines the effects of an experiential learning exercise used in an undergraduate accounting class and compares the results to those attained when the traditional lecture method was used in another class. The results, as measured by quizzes administered to both classes, were analyzed to compare students' knowledge of concepts directly after the learning activities and at a date 6 weeks after the learning activities. Inquiry also was made as to any differences between the two classes in long-term retention of knowledge. In addition, the study was designed to examine any differences in learning of specific concepts versus general concepts with regard to each of the primary research questions. Three covariates were included in the study: students' grades in Accounting Principles I, students' college GPAs, and students' total SAT scores. Results revealed no significant differences in short-term learning between the two classes; however, the experiential class experienced no significant difference in quiz scores over time, while there was a significant decrease in the scores of the lecture class over a 6-week period. These findings indicate that the key difference in the two learning methods is the students' retention of the concepts over time.
Modeling Total Quality Elements into a Strategy-Oriented Simulation
Authors: Mergen A. Erhan , Pray Thomas F.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the rudiments of total quality management (TQM) and describes algorithms for integrating many of the key elements into a strategy-oriented simulation. Specifically, the modeling of three key TQM components is described in detail These include: (a) an increased focus on customer need and satisfaction; which involves altering the demand equation in the model to include product failures and developing a quality-focused customer survey; (b) continuous improvement and process capability modeling, which entails integrating quality prevention activities, statistical quality control procedures, and Taguchi loss function into the model; and (c) adding competitive benchmarking options in which teams can assess who is "best" in the industry and use this information to aid in goal-setting and continuous improvement activities.
A Heterogeneous Shoot-Look-Shoot Attrition Process
Authors: Anderson Lowell Bruce
Published: March 2007

Shoot-look-shoot attrition generally refers to cases in which the shooting side has (or can be adequately modeled as having) sufficient coordination among its shooters that it can assign any particular shooter to engage any particular target, engagements occur in succession, the shooting side can assess the results of each engagement before being required to fulfill succeeding assignments, and the shooting side can assign shooters who have not yet made an attack (or who are capable of making another attack) to engage only those targets that either have not yet been engaged or have survived all prior engagements against them. This article describes formulas used to simulate such shoot-look-shoot attrition processes in deterministic combat models.
The Walrasian Simulator
Authors: Keating Barry , Grace James
Published: March 2007

This article describes the use of an auction-trading market simulation in a 75-minute class to teach the different ways in which markets approach equilibrium.
My Experiences with Simulation/Gaming
Authors: Affisco John F.
Published: March 2007

This article presents some of the author's experiences as a user and administrator of business games over the past 20 years. The discussion proceeds from formative gaming years during the "mainframe era" through the changes that continue to result from the revolution in information technology. The article closes with some observations on the impact of gaming on the author's students.
Simulation and Gaming: Directions, Issues, Ponderables
Authors: Uretsky Michael
Published: March 2007

The current use of simulation/gaming, from industrial training to entertainment, is sketched This is followed by a description of the advances in technology that facilitate the use of simulationl gaming. The uncertainty of the future use of simulation/gaming contrasts with the greater accessibility afforded by advances in technology.
Computer-Assisted Gaming for Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Thavikulwat Precha
Published: March 2007

Entrepreneurship, defined as executive deal making, involves four core activities: venture selecting, planning, executing, and assessing. These activities can be supported in a computerized gaming simulation to achieve cost-effective learning by doing, to study strategic processes, and to assess business education. Computerized gaming simulations give objective scores and can be comprehensive, flexible, and easy to administer They should game pedagogically important processes and model pedagogically incidental ones. DEAL is a computerized business gaming simulation designed to test the concept of gaming all markets (resources, products, money, and interpersonal relationships) in a multi-industry setting. Instructor configurable, network cognizant, and activity driven, it includes five instructor-configurable industries and seven participant-selectable roles. Being computer assisted, DEAL is generally very different from other computerized entrepreneurship gaming simulations, which are either computer based or computer controlled. DEAL incorporates all four core entrepreneurship activities and reveals the developmental stages of emerging organizations. DEAL resolves with computer assistance problems of participant antagonisms and conspiracies. A gaming simulation should be evaluated on the extent it games defining processes with administrative ease. Gaming simulations should have greater value in assessing entrepreneurship education than in facilitating it.
The Influence of Team Starting Position on Performance in a Business Simulation
Authors: Neal Derrick J.
Published: March 2007

A MARKSTRAT2 simulation scenario involving teams in different starting positions was used to investigate the influence of starting position on team profitability performance. Although the claim made by the simulation authors that no team has a systematic advantage was confirmed, it was also shown that one team has a distinct disadvantage resulting in a significantly inferior performance. The author discusses the implications of this for both marketing educators and researchers using simulations with different starting positions.
What we Learned When we Stopped and Listened
Authors: Frohlich Norman , Oppenheimer Joe
Published: March 2007

Simulations and experiments are often assumed to lead to outcomes strictly on the basis of their design. The authors argue that one can learn a lot about the reasons for the outcomes, the subjects’ views of their experiences, and hence about external validity, by asking debriefing questions. This is a lesson that many researchers have not yet taken to heart.
Evaluating the Interrater Reliability of Process Recordings
Authors: Vourlekis Betsy , Bembry James , Hall Gladys , Rosenblum Phillip
Published: March 2007

Process recording is a commonly used tool in social work field practica. However, there is no empirically validated evaluation instrument available to guide practitioners, field instructors, or students in a systematic assessment of such reconstructed interviews. This study investigated the interrater reliability of a rating checklist for process-recorded interviews. Seven experienced field instructors rated single process recordings from 10 students who were unknown to them. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed little absolute agreement among judges (.37), a modest degree of consistency in judgment (.50), and acceptable reliability for the checklist using ratings averaged across all judges (.88). These low levels of reliability documented difficulties with the subjective interpretation of student clinical skills as assessed by process recordings but suggest the utility of efforts to improve the checklist for use as an evaluative and research tool.
Testing the Effects of Active Listening
Authors: Nugent William R. , Halvorson Helene
Published: March 2007

Active or empathic listening is a basic social work practice skill. Past research involving this skill has focused primarily on the relationship between level of empathy and ultimate outcome. Little research has focused on the more immediate effects of this verbal procedure. Focusing on the short-term affective impact of two types of active listening, this article describes a series of replications of an analog experiment. The results, which replicate across experiments, across dependent measures, across client situations and affect, and across experimenters, suggest that differently worded active-listening responses may lead to different short-term client affective outcomes. The implications of these results for future social work research and practice are discussed
Social Support and Prevention of Relapse Following Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Barber James G. , Crisp Beth R.
Published: March 2007

All 30 clients who received standard inpatient treatment for alcohol abuse during 1992-93 in the north Tasmanian health region were randomly assigned to an additional social support intervention, to a self monitoring control intervention, or to a no-additional-treatment control group. Results indicated that artificially created social support was ineffective in influencing consumption beyond what was produced by a combination of standard outpatient follow-up and simple self-monitoring. However, the degree of social support available from the most supportive individual in the drinker's naturally occurring social network was the preeminent predictor of drinking over a 3-month interval. Contrary to the predictions of one cognitive-behavioral approach to relapse prevention, pretreatment measures of client self-efficacy were not associated with drinking at posttreatment.
Integrating Research and Practice: Time for a New Agenda
Authors: Benbenishty Rami
Published: March 2007

The author agrees that single-case evaluation should be reexamined. He suggests that the conclusion drawn from the limitations of single-case design, as performed today, should be to redefine issues and strategies so that more emphasis is placed on integration of research and practice. The article (re)defines empirical practice as being continuously informed and guided by empirical evidence that is gathered and processed systematically. The focus suggested for empirical practice is on individual practitioners within social service agencies. The article presents a conceptual framework to guide the formulation of questions relevant to empirical practice on the agency level.
Exploring the Equivalence of Factor Structure in a Measure of Depression Between Black and White Women: Measurement Issues in Comparative Research
Authors: Tran Thanh V.
Published: March 2007

Although equivalence of measures is a fundamental requisite in comparative research, re searchers often have ignored or paid little attention to this important issue. This study employs exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the equivalence of factor structure of the short version (11 of 20 original items) of the well-known Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale between Black and White women. The study used data from a nationwide probability sample that included 438 young (ages 24 to 59 years) Black females, 652 young White females, 340 older (ages 60 or older) Black females, and 764 older White females. The results revealed that the short CES-D Scale had different factor structures according to age and race.
Chronic Pain in Childhood and the Medical Encounter: Professional Ventriloquism and Hidden Voices
Authors: Carter Bernie
Published: March 2007

This article is a report on the experiences of three children with chronic pain and their families. The children and families experienced numerous encounters with health professionals during their “quest for a diagnosis” for chronic pain. In a high proportion of these encounters, the children/families felt they were judged, disbelieved, and labeled as difficult or dysfunctional, and this compounded the stresses they were already dealing with. The families described situations in which their accounts of pain were reinterpreted through a variety of professional lenses, and the children felt that their voices were muted or ignored. Professional ventriloquism is presented as a means of exploring the way in which the child’s words are reinterpreted and mistranslated through professionals’ own paradigms of understanding. Professionals need to stand back from what they believe to determine what the children themselves know about their pain.
Diabetes: The Layperson’s Theories of Causality
Authors: Mercado-Martinez Francisco J. , Ramos-Herrera Igor Martin
Published: March 2007

The authors examine laypersons’perspectives of illness: the content of causal explanations of diabetes and differences in explanations according to gender. Qualitative research was carried out in Guadalajara, Mexico. A non probabilistic sample of 20 diabetic individuals participated in interviews, and the content of the interviews was analyzed. On the origin of their condition, participants offered explanations that match neither the biomedical model nor any other formal causal theory. Participants attributed the onset of diabetes to socio emotional circumstances linked to their life experiences and practices. Men attributed causality to work and social circumstances outside the home; women attributed it to family life and domestic circumstances. The authors discuss how lay theories can be useful for the reorganization of health services.
The Socialization of Physicians during Attending Rounds: A Study of Team Learning among Medical Students
Authors: Weinholtz Donn
Published: March 2007

A participant observation study of teaching during attending rounds, informed by other medical education and medical sociology studies, explored the teamwork patterns learned by medical students and physicians in teaching hospitals. Within clinical medical education, there exists a distinctive authority structure that nurtures competition and collaboration among learners while ensuring reasonable patient care. Following residency training, this structure fades, and there is necessarily greater reliance on the nurses and allied health professionals from whom physicians were relatively isolated during their medical education. Therefore, interdisciplinary clinical education, involving physicians-in-training working collaboratively with other health professionals, seems warranted as preparation for medical practice.
Metalogue on Coping with Illness: Cases from Ecuador
Authors: Price Laurie J.
Published: March 2007

The processes by which people cope with serious illness must be examined within family and sociocultural contexts. This article outlines a method for proceeding with such contextualized analysis. The method is illustrated with two case studies of family-based illness management in highland Ecuador. Both cases show the importance of culturally mediated, meaning-making responses in successful family adaptation to affliction and loss. Based on these field studies and on investigation of stress and coping in U.S. populations, two psychological mechanisms are proposed as central in constructive intrapsychic coping across cultures. These mechanisms are self-esteem and sense of participation in the outcome of the illness situation. Although this analysis concentrates on theory development by relating medical anthropology and health psychology, the case studies also have implications for health care delivery.
Pitfalls and Politics: Research on Health Care in Southwest China
Authors: Bamber Scott
Published: March 2007

This article addresses some of the practical aspects of undertaking qualitative research and the problems that can arise in the course of fieldwork. It is argued that by its very nature qualitative research often produces special difficulties for the researcher. Some of these are illustrated by examples taken from experiences conducting qualitative research on health and medicine in Yunnan Province in Southwest China.
A Synthesis of Qualitative Research on Wellness-Illness
Authors: Jensen Louise A. , Allen Marion N.
Published: March 2007

Health, disease, wellness, and illness have long been concepts central to health care disciplines. To further develop theory regarding the individual's experience of health and disease, a meta-analysis was undertaken of 112 qualitative studies from 1980 to 1991. A synthesis of qualitative research was done to derive substantive interpretations about health, disease, wellness, and illness from grounded theory, phenomenological, and ethnographic perspectives. The texts were compared and analyzed, creating new interpretations through synthesis of reciprocal translations. A dialectic model of wellness-illness was inductively derived. The process, meaning, and context inherent in the experience of health-disease are described as "living-in-the-world" of health-disease. Wellness-illness is depicted as the human experience of actual or perceived function-dysfunction. The theory emerging from this meta-analysis of qualitative research provides a synthesis of the commonalities among individual representations of health and disease.
Salvaging Quantitative Research with Qualitative Data
Authors: Weinholtz Donn , Kacer Barbara , Rocklin Thomas
Published: March 2007

Through presentation of two case studies, this article illustrates just how ambiguous and misleading results from quantitative studies can be if not supplemented by qualitative data. The focus is on the salvaging power of qualitative methods and their ability to ensure some return on an investment that might otherwise be partially or completely lost.
Caregiving as Women's Work: Women's Experiences of Powerfulness and Powerlessness as Caregivers
Authors: Rutman Deborah
Published: March 2007

In this study, two groups of women caregivers, older family caregivers, and women who do "double duty" caregiving (paid health care professionals who simultaneously are unpaid elder caregivers in their 'off' time), participated in daylong research workshops in which they first identified dimensions of an "ideal" caregiving situation and then, using a critical incident technique, explored the meaning of "power"-feeling powerful and powerless-for them as caregivers. This article is devoted to examining the ways in which women understand the notion of "powerfulness" and "powerlessness" in their work as caregivers. Themes emerging from caregivers' critical incidents are discussed and considered in light of previous literature. The article concludes by drawing implications from the project's findings for policy, practice, advocacy, and conceptual development.
Personal Accounts of the Nursing Home Search and Selection Process
Authors: McAuley William J. , Travis Shirley S. , Safewright Marcia P.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the personal, idiosyncratic elements of the nursing home search and selection process from the point Of king that institutionalization was necessary through thermal selection decision, is investigated. Data are derived from interviews with 25 nursing home patient "sponsors" (the individuals identified by nursing homes as the primary contact person or responsible person for the patient) of recently admitted nursing home patients and 3 significant other informants for a total sample size of 28. Their stories reveal a rather hectic and stressful processor which families were ill-prepared, and often undertaken during the crisis of hospitalization. Most respondents did not comment on the use or benefit of printed nursing home guides. Instead, respondents simply looked for facility that was convenient to home or work and relied heavily on word-of-mouth recommendations by friends and family members.
Closeness to Data: The Changing Goals of Qualitative Data Handling
Authors: Richards Lyn
Published: March 2007

An essential goal of all qualitative researchers is getting close to data. Recently, that goal has gained prominence without critical examination. Pursuit of closeness poses risks and requires careful specification. This article identifies four very different meanings of "closeness to data." Although being close to data in each of these senses is essential to researchers, the challenge of getting distance is critical to good analysis and far more difficult. Recent changes in the literature, especially on qualitative computing, have not addressed the balance of closeness and distance. Tools for either purpose too often require that data be kept in ways that are flat and static. The author concludes that the challenge defining the next generation of method writing and software development is the ability to support qualitative researchers in achieving distance and maintaining the vitality of data.
Mixing Qualitative Methods: Quality Assurance or Qualitative Quagmire?
Authors: Barbour Rosaline S.
Published: March 2007

Although the advisability of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches has been questioned on the grounds of incompatibility of epistemological assumptions that underpin the two paradigms, mixing methods within the qualitative paradigm has been viewed as a more straightforward enterprise. This article challenges this view, highlighting the existence of several qualitative traditions, each with its own distinctive set of assumptions about what constitutes appropriate research questions; theoretical frameworks; research settings; relationships with those whom we study; techniques for eliciting data; form and content of data; and approaches to analyzing, presenting, and disseminating data. Multimethod qualitative approaches can be seen to occupy a contested domain. Analytical rigor would be strengthened by acknowledging and addressing the potentially contradictory assumptions on which one draws when seeking to combine qualitative methods. As qualitative researchers, it is incumbent on us to pay attention to context—not just in terms of the data collected but in terms of our own methodological positions.
Women and Feminism in Technical Communication
Authors: THOMPSON ISABELLE
Published: March 2007

This qualitative content analysis identifies 40 articles about women and feminism published in five technical communication journals in a period of nine years, beginning with the publication of Mary Lay's award-winning “Interpersonal Conflict in Collaborative Writing” in 1989. Along with numeric trends about the frequency of articles about women and feminism in technical communication journals, this study also identifies major themes, all of which concern inclusion: through eliminating sexist language, providing equal opportunity in the workplace, valuing gender differences, recovering women's historical contributions to technical communication, and critiquing previously uncontested terms and concepts. The study concludes that although research about women and feminism has been accepted as part of the scholarly purview of technical communication, the ways in which this research has influenced workplace or classroom practice are unclear.
Learning and Being: Outcomes of a Class on Spirituality in Work
Authors: Haroutiounian Ara , Ghavam Shirin , Gomez Stephanie Jo , Ivshin Ella , Phelan Sherry , Freshman Brenda , Griffin Matt , Lindsay Cindy
Published: March 2007

This article presents the process and outcomes of a participatively structured class on spirituality in work. The authors’ spiritual diversity led them to create a distinction between spirituality “in” and “of ” work, an inclusive definition of spirituality and work, and a position against organizational imposition of spiritual values. Their discussions led them to outline a number of things at the individual and collective level that could be included in management classes or organizational consultation.
Women's Experiences and Ways of Knowing: Implications for Teaching and Learning in the Organizational Behavior Classroom
Authors: Gallos Joan V.
Published: March 2007

This article, based on the author's teaching experiences and relevant research on gender, explores the implications of women's ways of knowing for the organizational behavior classroom. The article traces historical, cultural, and developmental roots for the feelings of self-doubt, novelty, terror, and alienation that often accompany women into the management classroom. The article explores the implications for teaching organizational behavior effectively and suggests ways for creating a more equitable and successful classroom learning environment for women and men.
Overcoming Stereotyping and Prejudice: A Framework and Suggestions for Learning From Groupist Comments in the Classroom
Authors: Omstein Suzyn , Sankowsky Daniel
Published: March 2007

Despite our best efforts to foster classrooms where tolerance, objectivity, and lack of prejudice are the norm, there occur instances where students make comments that are racist, sexist, classist, and so forth. The authors call these comments "groupist." They argue that learning can take place in the classroom as a result of these remarks-if the instructor is properly prepared. This article provides this preparation by examining the reasons for groupism, clarifying types of groupist remarks, formulating a refram- ing approach for instructor and student learning, and identifying ineffective and effective methods for responding to groupist remarks.
Critical Thinking and Credit for Prior Experiential Learning
Authors: McCormick Donald W.
Published: March 2007

This article explores a new model for assessing prior learning that encourages students to think critically. It begins by introducing the reader to the concepts of prior learning assessment and critical thinking. It then describes specific assignments to promote critical thinking in prior experiential learning assessment, as well as in field study, exercises, simulations, and other forms of experiential learning.
Pieces and Patterns: Course Redesign Suggests a Wider Reconsideration of Curriculum
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: March 2007

The initial challenge that confronted the author was redesigning a course in small business ventures (SBVs) to make it more relevant to the needs of multiple course users. Are orientation from a conventional functional perspective to an entrepreneurial one led not only to a new course but to the reevaluation of the centrality of the functional approach in business education. The present preoccupation on functionality is seen as reflective of a historical classification of business engagements from a functional/structural perspective rather than from a rational/structural one. The question posed is whether this rational/structural approach might lead to a more effective teaching scheme.
Gender Relations and Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Michael Crichton's Disclosure as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Comer Debra R. , Cooper Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2007

In Crichton's best-selling novel Disclosure, a high-level manager who rejects the sexual advances of his new boss (who is also his ex-lover) is accused by her of sexual harassment. Meanwhile, their high-tech West Coast company is being considered for possible acquisition by a New York publishing conglomerate that would appear to be intolerant of even the tiniest intimation of impropriety. This novel can be used as the foundation for provocative discussion of topics, including the gray areas of sexual harassment, the relationship between sexual harassment and power, and the nature of gender relations in organizations.
Training in the Land of Doone: An Exercise in Understanding Cultural Differences
Authors: Hames David S.
Published: March 2007

The ability to manage workforce diversity effectively has achieved strategic significance for many organizations. This article describes an exercise that has helped students understand cultural differences and their interpersonal and organizational implications.
The One School Roomhouse: An Information and Learning Approach to Curriculum Integration
Authors: McKinney Earl H. , Yoos Charles J.
Published: March 2007

The one school roomhouse, a transdisciplinary metaphor, brings together three senior level undergraduate courses-marketing, strategy, and management information systems (MIS)-to accomplish several general educational goals, namely reward and encourage students to discriminate and adapt, to take greater responsibility for their own learning, to learn teamwork, to communicate effectively, and to resolve ill-defined problems. The fundamental innovation of the course is the explicit development and use of a metalanguage of learning that is common to each of the three academic domains and is based on information and complexity. The authors describe the concept, organization, and effectiveness of the course.
An Introduction to a Modern Academic Business Library
Authors: Meredith Meri
Published: March 2007

This article is aimed at faculty members who have not kept up with the business library's changing environment. Many of them misguidedly think that all information is now in electronic format. This is simply not the case. About 50% of reference questions are still answered with paper resources. The difficulty lies in determining which format or media answers which questions. The article reviews major paper resources as well as multimedia, on-line, and CD-ROM resources. Also addressed are different kinds of searches, effective methods of searching, and the distinction between electronic catalogs and indexes.
Distinctive Displays: A Multidisciplinary Caseplay
Authors: Silver William S. , Howard C. Thomas , Clouse Maclyn L.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the Distinctive Displays caseplay.Acaseplay is a learning technology that combines the problem-solving elements of traditional business cases with the behavioral requirements of experiential role-plays. In the Distinctive Displays caseplay, participants act out a management case by negotiating a merger between two exhibit design companies. Participants are required not only to develop solutions to case problems, but they must also carry out the implementation of the solutions.
Fellowship in Lifelong Learning: an Executive Development Program for Advanced Professionals
Authors: Ballou Ronald , Bowers David , Boyatzis Richard E. , Kolb David A.
Published: March 2007

Typical executive education is unresponsive to the needs and style of advanced professionals in management. The Professional Fellows Programwas designed as a nondegree, self-designing program with no discipline-defined courses or grades. Typically, Fellows pay for the program personally. An outcome study showed that 1 to 3 years after the program, Fellows had (a) greater self-confidence, in particular the confidence to change; (b) increased sense of taking control of their lives; (c) created a legitimacy for working on life/career transitions; and (d) become members of a new reference group. This suggests a different pedagogy for advanced professionals with possibilities for innovation in other management education programs.
Introducing Students to Business Policy and Strategy: Two Exercises to Increase Participation and Interest
Authors: Thomas Anisya S.
Published: March 2007

This article describes two exercises that can be used to introduce the undergraduate student to the organization-wide perspective of the capstone Business Policy and Strategy course. Each of these exercises creates an environment for broad participation by the students in the class while conveying important lessons about analyzing cases and understanding the synergy that can be created by integrating the functional dimensions of an organization. In addition to providing an effective vehicle for communicating the content of the course, these exercises sensitize students to issues of process, which is a crucial element in strategic planning.
Student Attitudes Toward Service-Learning: Implications for Implementation
Authors: McCarthy Anne M. , Tucker Mary L.
Published: March 2007

Are there student-based barriers that instructors must overcome in integrating service-learning into their courses? This article seeks to provide a starting point for implementing service-learning by describing student attitudes toward community service. The constructs of self-efficacy, helping behavior, and cost/benefit are used to assess student perceptions of community service and service-learning. Implications for structuring service-learning projects and coordinating service-learning initiatives at the college and university levels are discussed.
Analysis of Strike-through Contamination in Saturated Sterile Dressings
Authors: Alexander Doris , Gammage Debbie , Nichols Arlene , Gaskins Darla
Published: March 2007

The method of saturating gauze sponges directly in their wrapper was tested to determine strike-through contamination. Contamination occurred in 100% of the uncoated-wrapper sponges, regardless of exposure to Staphylococcus epidermidis or Escherichia coli. Among coated-wrapper sponges, 80% exposed to Staphylococcus epidermidis and 20% exposed to Escherichia colt demonstrated strike-through contamination. Coated-wrapper sponges had a significantly lower rate of contamination than uncoated-wrapper sponges when exposed to Escherichia colt. Occurrence of contamination of all sponges was significantly higher from Staphylococcus epidermidis. The findings render the popular practice of saturating gauze sponges in their wrapper unacceptable.
Challenges for Nursing Research in an Era Dominated by Health Service Reform and Cost Containment
Authors: Tierney Alison J.
Published: March 2007

Many health care systems around the world are under reform, not least for reason of necessary cost containment. As one of the largest items of a health service budget, the costs of nursing services are attracting particular attention. This behooves the nursing profession, if only in its own interest, to accumulate convincing evidence of the cost-effectiveness of nursing. Nursing's research track record in the assessment of the costs, quality, and effectiveness of nursing is assessed in this paper and found to be generally weak. The complexity of such research is acknowledged, the need for research which will insure and demonstrate the highest quality of nursing at the lowest possible cost is presented as a key challernge for nurse researchers in the present era.
Psychophysiological Responses of Parents to Pediatric Critical Care Stress
Authors: LaMontagne Lynda L. , Hepworth Joseph T. , Johnson Barbara D. , Deshpande Jayant K.
Published: March 2007

Psychological factors are associated with how parents cope during a child's intensive care hospitalization. However, little is known about the role of physiological-stress responses in parents' coping and adaptation to such situations. This study investigates the relationship between parents' psychophysiological-stress responses, as measured by urine catecholamine excretion, and their coping and activities during a child's intensive care experience. Parents who appraised the situation as one that is amenable to change and who used more problem-focused strategies, such as seeking social support, had lower anxiety and lower catecholamine levels. Further, parents who were more problem focused performed more child care activities during the experience. The results of this study provide information for planning interventions to promote parental coping and adjustment to the child's critical care situation.
Pain in the Postoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patient
Authors: Pozehl Bunny , Barnason Susan , Zimmerman Lani , Nieveen Janet , Crutchfield Joyce
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the multidimensional postoperative pain experience of patients (N = 194) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Postoperative pain significantly decreased from postoperative day 2 to postoperative day 3 for all components of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Sensory words chosen from the McGill Pain Questionnaire on postoperative day 2 included sharp, sore, aching, and tender. Affective words chosen included exhausting on postoperative day 2 and tiring on postoperative days 2 and 3. The evaluative word annoying was chosen for both postoperative days 2 and 3. The present pain intensity (PPJ) rating completed on a scale firm no pain = 0 to excruciating pain = 5, showed a mean intensity rating of 1.08 for postoperative day 2 and 0.67 for postoperative day 3. These findings describing the typical pattern of postoperative pain are clinically significant in the differentiation of "normal" postoperative pain from pain experienced with postoperative complications from CABG surgery.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Pain during Labor
Authors: Sittner Barbara , Hudson Diane Brage , Grossman Christie Campbell , Gaston-Johansson Fannie
Published: March 2007

This descriptive study systematically described the quality and intensity of adolescents' pain during the progression of labor. The Gaston-Johansson Pain-O-Meter was administered to 33 adolescents during the three labor phases (2-4 cm, 5-7 cm, and 8-10 cm) following a contraction. The most frequently selected sensory words were cramping in Phase I and pressing in Phases II and III. Miserable and killing were the most commonly chosen affective words during the three labor phases. Using the Gaston-Johansson Pain-0-Meter and the Gaston-Johansson Pain-0-Meter Visual Analogue Scale, the total pain intensity scores were highest during Phase III of labor and delivery. A t-test of independent samples found that quality and intensity pain scores for primiparous and multiparous adolescent participants were not significantly different during the progression of labor. The findings of the study illustrate the value of using objective measures, such as the Gaston-Johansson Pain-0-Meter and the Gaston-Johansson Pain-0-Meter Visual Analogue Scale, to assess pain during labor. The study also demonstrated that nurses can use these tools with minimal training.
Managing Across Generations in the 21st Century
Authors: Hill Ronald Paul
Published: March 2007

The baby boomers, who now dominate the provision of higher education, have watched Generation Y or the echo boomers begin to mature and develop within the university system. Experiences with this cohort have given university faculty and managers insights about important generational differences and similarities that may help them operate more effectively in the 21st century. Five of the most essential insights are summarized in this article: only your parents love you unconditionally, being tough depends on who is in the room at the time, understanding the ability-performance nexus, finding passion in your work, and managing multiple roles/multiple selves.