bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TWO NEW MYRMECOPHILÆ FROM THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Bruner Lawrence
Published: February 2010

Before describing these interesting little crickets which have been neglected or overlooked so long in this country, it becomes necessary to enter somewhat into details. The group being one not often written upon, or the specimens often met with, they are therefore rare to collections. Prior to this account but two authentic notices of their capture in the United States have appeared, viz., the one referring to a specimen taken in Georgia by H. K. Morrison, and the other a reference to the present described species, one from the vicinity of Washington D. C., and the other from the Pacific coast, at Portland, Oregon, the former of which is herewith figured (fig. 4), a representing the female, and b the male. This is undoubtedly the largest Myrmecophila known, being fully 4 m. m. in length, while the largest European species measures nearly one fourth less.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, HABITS OF LARVÆ, ETC
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Melitæa Harrish, Scud.

I described the stages of this species in Can. Ent., ix., 165, 1877. In fall of 1883, I received several larvæ from Mr. Chas. Fish, of Brunswick, Me., which were carried through the winter in ice house. They were
brought into a warm room 29th April, 1884, and 1st May, began to feed, the plant being wild Aster. On 4th May, some were passing the fourth moult, and these reached fifth moult 10th May, The first larva suspended 17th, pupated 18th, and the imago appeared eight days thereafter, or on 26th May. All the larval stages, however, were irregular. One larva passed fifth moult 19th May, but did not pupate till 1st June. On 7th June, '84, I received from Mr. Fish about 20 larvæ in last two stages, and on 9th about 50 more. Some were in third stage from pupa, or between 2nd and 3rd moult. The species evidently hibernates after both 2nd and 3rd moult, as M. Phacton does. Mr. Fish wrote that all were taken on Dipoplappus, and says: “I found them sometimes 4 or 5 on a plant, always on the upper side of the leaf in the most conspicuous position. I have never found them making any attempt at concealment.” Prof. Fernald also says, But. Maine, that they make no web over their food-plant.
A NOTE ON SOME HYDROPHILIDÆ
Authors: Horn George H.
Published: February 2010

Hydrophilus, as heretofore recognized in our fauna, contains two sets of species, the one series large, the other relatively small. They also differ in the form of the maxillary palpi and should properly be considered distinct genera defined as follows:—

Hydrophilus.—Terminal joint of maxillary palpi much shorter than the penultimate, the second joint long, arcuate. Claws toothed.

Tropisternus.—Terminal joint as long or even longer than the penultimate, the second joint moderately long and straight. Claws not toothed.

The large species belong to the first series, and but two have appeared in our lists.
A NEW ARCTIAN
Authors: Edwards Henry
Published: February 2010

Nemeophila Selwynii, n. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen, dull sooty black. Palpi, collar and tip of abdomen pale dull orange. Tegulæ, sides of abdomen and upper side of the tip of antennæ sordid white. Wings dull sooty black. At base of primaries a very distinct and clearly marked short white streak, and an oblique band (also cream white) from behind the middle of the costa to near the internal angle. This band, which is excavated at its junction with the cell, gradually narrows to a point as it reaches the outer margin. The fringe is white on the apical half of the margin, black elsewhere, and there is a small orange dash at the base of the costa. Secondaries wholly sooty black, fringe white, a little below the apex. Beneath the wings have a slate-colored shade, the markings of the upper surface repeated, the costa of primaries stained with orange at the base and at the edge of the white oblique band, while that of the secondaries has two whitish triangular blotches.
DESCRIPTION OF MATURE LARVA AND CHRYSALIS OF NISONIADES ICELUS, Lintner
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

On 20th June, 1884, I found on edge of leaf of an Aspen, P. tremuloides, a young larva of species of Nisoniades unknorvn. A small bit of the leaf was cut on two sides perpendicular to the edge, folded over and stitched down. At a little distance from this shelter a hole was eaten in the leaf. Two days later the hole was enlarged and the larva evidently had left its nest and returned to it after feeding. On 27th June one moult was passed, supposed to be the first; on 5th July a second; on 16th July a third. This was the last moult, but I am not sure that one did not take place between the 5th and 16th. It is probable there were four moults, as N. Lucilius is reported by Prof. Lintner to moult four times. The larva was kept in a jelly glass, and being always concealed in a leaf, a moult might have escaped me.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES, SPRING, 1886
Authors: Hanham A. W.
Published: February 2010

Owing to the unusual and continued warmth of the weather during the two weeks ending April 28th, insect life has been very abundant, considering the time of year, and the few opportunities I have so far enjoyed of looking up their haunts have amply repaid me.

April 17.—Under boards and pieces of wood along fences were to be seen hundreds of Drasterius dorsalis Say. In company with this elater, besides many, to me, common beetles, I secured for the first time several Languria Mozardi Latr., a very showy beetle—the male looks very small by the side of the female. In the same afternoon I found a fine specimen of the goldsmith beetle, Cotalpa lanigera Linn. Is not this an early appearance?
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, THEIR LARVÆ, ETC.
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

2. On the scarcity of certain Species in 1885.

The most notable instance was that of C. Philodice, which is usually a very common species here. Throughout the year I saw but three or four examples.

In 1884, V. Cardui was remarkably abundant, as it seems to have been all over the Northern States. But in 1885 I scarcely saw one.
NOTES ON FENESICA TARQUINIUS, Fabr.
Authors: Riley C. V.
Published: February 2010

In his interesting article “On the History and the Preparatory Stages of Fenesica tarquinius” (Canadian Entomologist, xviii., pp. 141–153) Mr. Wm. H. Edwards makes some comments upon my article in Science of last April (30th), in which I announced the carnivorous habit of the larva of this species. He has been led to do so in part by the incorrect report in Entomologica Americana of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington for January 6th last. In that report “Mr. C. L. Johnson” is said to have observed “a lepidopterous larva feeding on a species of Aphid,” but the report is incorrect both as to the fact and as to the name. Judge Lawrence C. Johnson, an old-time correspondent and for a while one of my assistants in Mississippi, was the correspondent intended, and his communication, which I was familiar with, particularly states that “he thought he saw the larva eating the plant-lice, but failed to convince himself of the fact.” Mr. Lugger, in the very report quoted by Mr. Edwards (Can. Ent., xviii., 142, lines 2 and 3) expressly states that “he had never actually seen them (Fenesica larvæ) feeding upon the Aphids,” and as he previously remarked that he had “made the same observations” as Mr. Johnson, the report in Entomologica Americana is inaccurate and contradictory on its face.
ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Moffat J. Alston
Published: February 2010

But little attention seems to have been given to Micro-Lepidoptera by Canadian collectors hitherto, so far as can be gathered from the printed lists, 83 names being all that could be reached when the latest one was published. It is certainly not for want of an abundance of material to work upon. I turned my attention to them specially last summer, and was quite surprised to find that so many different species could be obtained when sought for, considering that the season was a most unfavorable one for collecting generally, and no doubt affected them similarly.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF GEOMETRIDÆ
Authors: Bates J. Elwyn
Published: February 2010

Rheumaptera brunneomaculata, sp. nov.

Abdomen and ground color of wings white. Head, thorax and antennæ cinereous. Inner third of fore wings containing three irregular ashcolored lines more heavily shaded towards the thorax. Mesial band crossed by two narrow, irregular and somewhat interrupted cinereous lines, between which on the inner margin of the wing is located a very distinct sub-triangular spot of deep brown color. Another larger, nearly quadrangular, very distinct brown patch, widest on costa, extends from costal margin to near the middle of the wing, in the lower part of which is located the oblong very dark brown discai dot.
CELIPTERA BIFASCIATA, Sp. Nov.
Authors: Bates J. Elwyn
Published: February 2010

Coloration and shading as in frustulum, with the following exceptions, which are very marked and leave no room for doubt that it is entirely distinct from that species.

The peculiar black spots on the inner third of the fore wings of frustulum, are entirely wanting in this species. There is a small dark brown triangular spot acutely pointed and situated very near the costa, in line with the extra-discal row of dots, and ending on costa and outer margin of the wings. In some specimens these spots are rounded internally. A light buff-colored band crosses the wings, limiting the inner third, which is shaded heavily with chocolate-brown exteriorly. This band is nearly identical in coloration with the extra-discal one, though perhaps a trifle lighter.
ON THE POSITION OF COLIAS HAGENII, Edw
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

In Papilio, 3, 159, 1883, I described Colias Hagenii as a new species. I related that Mr. T.L. Mead had brought this butterfly from Colorado, in 1871, and that we both were then satisfied that it was not Philodice; that in the summer of 1883; Mr. H. W. Nash, at Pueblo, Col., had sent me some chrysalids of this form, and I noticed that the dorsum was marked by two longitudinal lines, which seemed to indicate sub-dorsal lines in the larva, and which are not present in the larva of Philodice; that I wrote Mr. Nash to observe as to that, and he soon replied that the larvae he then had on hand did show sub-dorsal lines such as are characteristic of many larvae of Eurytheme; that I had been unable to get live eggs from Pueblo subsequently that year, owing to the heat which destroyed them en route, but that Mr. Nash had made observations on the ground, and sent on larvae in alochol which showed broad sub-dorsal bands, that, he said, in life had red running through them.
COLLECTING AT THE ELECTRIC LIGHT, 1886
Authors: Saunders Henry. S.
Published: February 2010

On the evening of Saturday, May 22nd, 1886, being the first warm evening after the electric light system was started in London, hundreds of “electric light bugs” (Camptobrochis grandis) and large green Calosomas (Calasoma scrutator) came into the city, and form that time on throughout the summer, and even as late as Nov. 2nd, the lights continued to attract hundreds of insects every warm evening.
NOTE ON SOUTHERN MOTHS FOUND IN THE NORTH
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Not unfrequently do I read of the capture of Southern Noctuidœ found in Canada and the Northern United States, with the added remark that the speciment was so fresh that it must have just escaped from chrysalis. These remarks are made while I am always (for ten or fifteen years past) saying that these are wind visitors, immigrants.
NOTES ON THE GENUS ARGYNNIS WHILST ALIVE IN THE IMAGO STATE
Authors: Geddes Gamble
Published: February 2010

A new species discovered by me in 1883, whilst collecting for Mr. Henley Grose Smith, of England. It was described by Mr. W. H. Edwards shortly after my return. In the end of the June and beginning of July, I found this insect easy to capture. It was comparatively rare in some districts of the North-west Territory, but at the principal crossing of the Red Deed River and the neighborhood of Fort Edmonton, it was quite common.
ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Moffat J. Alston.
Published: February 2010

All the common species that were easily obtained in this locality, have had names in my collection for many years, but owing to the changes that were being made in the genera and synonymy of species, I was not in a position to follow them up, so that when Mr. Grote's “New Check List” appeared, which I have followed in this, I found that several of my old names had disappeared altogether, and others had been rendered doubtful.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON COLEOPTERA—No. 3
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Cicindela punctulata Fab. The Cicindelas are generally regarded as diurnal, many of them appearing only during the hottest sunshine and disappearing if there comes but a cloud. In one respect punctulata is an exception, for while it flies by day like the others, it is occasionally (if not habitually) a night-flier. Several times late in summer it has been taken on my table at night, attracted by the light, and last autumn in a house in the outskirts of the city I took in this way a couple, and was told that what was considered the same insect was a frequent vistior. This habit I think is not unknown.
ON THE BLACK-WING GROUP OF THE GENUS CATOCALA
Authors: Harvey Leon F.
Published: February 2010

The “species” of the black-winged group (Mormonia of Hübner)comprised in the genus Catocala have been largely augmented as the collections are increased throughout the country. Without doubt, when we shall be thoroughly conversant with the immature stages, our knowledge of the species will be more perfect.
A FEW COMMON WOOD-BORING BEETLES
Authors: Bethune Rev. C. J. S.
Published: February 2010

Our Canadian wood-boring beetles, with the exception of a few somewhat minute species, belong to the two great families of Buprestidæ and Cerambycidæ. These include an immense number of different genera and species ; in Crotch's List of the Coleoptera of North America (north of Mexico) there are enumerated the names of no less than 169 species of the former family and 552 of the latter ; about one-third of these are found in this country. It is evident, then, that to give a bare list of all our Canadian species of wood-borers would occupy no 1ittle space, while a detailed description of them, if one were competent for the task, would fill many numbers of this journal.
SIX NEW NOCTUÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Fore wings pale carneous brown shaded with dusky; terminal space more blackish. Median lines fine, black, approximate, angulate. A curved sub-basal shade on internal margin. Reniform narrow, outwardly curved or oblique, white and contrasting, set in a dark suffusion of the disc. Subterminal line even, with a costal angulation. A fine dark terminal line at base of concolorous fringes. Hind wings pale, shining with traces of median shades and the fringes slightly carneous ; abdomen concolorous with hind wings.
Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 Antibody Reduces CD4+PD-1+ T Cells and Relieves the Lupus-Like Nephritis of NZB/W F1 Mice
Authors: Kasagi Shimpei , Kawano Seiji , Okazaki Taku , Honjo Tasuku , Morinobu Akio , Hatachi Saori , Shimatani Kenichiro , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Minato Nagahiro , Kumagai Shunichi
Published: February 2010

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunosuppressive receptor that transduces an inhibitory signal into activated T cells. Although a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene for PD-1 is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, the role of PD-1 in systemic lupus erythematosus is still not well understood. In this study, we used NZB/W F1 mice, a model of lupus-like nephritis, to examine the function of PD-1 and its ligands. PD-1 was predominantly expressed on CD4+ T cells that infiltrated the kidney, and CD4+PD-1high T cells produced higher levels of IFN-γ than CD4+PD-1low or CD4+PD-1− T cells. Stimulation with PMA/ionomycin caused splenic CD4+PD-1+ T cells to secrete high levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, low levels of TNF-α, faint levels of IL-2, IL-21, and no IL-4, IL-17. In vivo anti–PD-1 mAb treatment reduced the number of CD4+PD-1+ T cells in the kidney of NZB/W F1 mice and significantly reduced their mortality rate (p = 0.03). Conversely, blocking PD-L1 using an anti–PD-L1 mAb increased the number of CD4+PD-1+ T cells in the kidney, enhanced serum IFN-γ, IL-10, and IgG2a ds-DNA–Ab levels, accelerated the nephritis, and increased the mortality rate. We conclude that CD4+PD-1high T cells are dysregulated IFN-γ–producing, proinflammatory cells in NZB/W F1 mice.
IL-12 and IL-27 Sequential Gene Therapy via Intramuscular Electroporation Delivery for Eliminating Distal Aggressive Tumors
Authors: Zhu Shiguo , Lee Dean Anthony , Li Shulin
Published: February 2010

Eradication of residual malignancies and metastatic tumors via a systemic approach is the key for successfully treating cancer and increasing cancer patient survival. Systemic administration of IL-12 protein in an acute large dose is effective but toxic. Systemic administration of IL-12 gene by persistently expressing a low level of IL-12 protein may reduce the systemic toxicity but only eradicates IL-12-sensitive tumors. In this study, we discovered that sequential administration of IL-12– and IL-27–encoding DNA, referred to as sequential IL-12→IL-27 (IL-12 administration followed by IL-27 administration 10 d after) gene therapy, not only eradicated IL-12–sensitive CT26 tumors from 100% of mice but also eradicated the highly malignant 4T1 tumors from 33% of treated mice in multiple independent experiments. This IL-12→IL-27 sequential gene therapy is not only superior to IL-12–encoding plasmid DNA given a total of two times at a 10-d interval sequential gene therapy for eliminating tumors but also for inducing CTL activity, increasing T cell infiltration into tumors, and yielding a large number of tumor-specific IFN-γ–positive CD8 T cells. Notably, depletion of either T or NK cells during the IL-27 treatment phase reverses tumor eradication, suggesting an NK cell requirement for this sequential gene therapy-mediated tumor eradication. Both reversal of the administration sequence and coadministration of IL-12 and IL-27 impaired tumor eradication in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. This IL-12→IL-27 sequential gene therapy, via sequential administration of IL-12– and IL-27–encoding plasmid DNA into tumor-bearing mice through i.m. electroporation, provides a simple but effective approach for eliminating inaccessible residual tumors.
Stimulation of Naive CD8+ T Cells by a Variant Viral Epitope Induces Activation and Enhanced Apoptosis
Authors: Ream Rebecca M. , Sun Jie , Braciale Thomas J.
Published: February 2010

Classically, naive T cells recognize a specific peptide-MHC complex resulting in their activation and differentiation. However, it is known that T cells also have the ability to interact productively with variant ligands, indicating a flexibility in TCR Ag recognition. These altered peptide ligands have been shown to trigger responses ranging from complete activation to full inhibition of T cell responses, and thus may play an important role in initiating or sustaining T cell-mediated immunity. We have found that influenza virus-specific CD8+ TCR transgenic T cells differentially respond to a native (agonist) and variant viral epitope, differing in two amino acids that are thought to alter TCR recognition. In response to stimulation with the agonist epitope, these cells activate, proliferate, and differentiate into effector CTLs. Conversely, stimulation with the variant epitope results in activation, proliferation, and development of effector activity followed by rapid and extensive apoptotic cell death. Stimulation of the T cells with the altered ligand results in an inability to sustain the expression of the prosurvival molecules, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These data suggest that the response to the agonist and variant epitopes may reflect TCR avidity-dependent differential signaling through the TCR, resulting either in activation-dependent T cell proliferative expansion and survival or in the accelerated death of acutely activated differentiating T cells. This process of CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation followed by rapid cell death may represent a novel mechanism of altered peptide ligand-induced apoptosis programmed by initial Ag receptor engagement.
IL-33 Exacerbates Autoantibody-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Xu Damo , Jiang Hui-Rong , Li Yubin , Pushparaj Peter N. , Kurowska-Stolarska Mariola , Leung Bernard P. , Mu Rong , Tay Hwee Kee , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , McInnes Iain B. , Melendez Alirio J. , Liew Foo Y.
Published: February 2010

Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis comprises dysregulation in both innate and adaptive immunity. There is therefore intense interest in the factors that integrate these immunologic pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we report that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1 family, can exacerbate anti–glucose-6-phosphate isomerase autoantibody-induced arthritis (AIA). Mice lacking ST2 (ST2−/−), the IL-33 receptor α-chain, developed attenuated AIA and reduced expression of articular proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, treatment of wild-type mice with rIL-33 significantly exacerbated AIA and markedly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. However, IL-33 failed to increase the severity of the disease in mast cell-deficient or ST2−/− mice. Furthermore, mast cells from wild-type, but not ST2−/−, mice restored the ability of ST2−/− recipients to mount an IL-33–mediated exacerbation of AIA. IL-33 also enhanced autoantibody-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in synovial tissue in vivo. Together these results demonstrate that IL-33 can enhance autoantibody-mediated articular inflammation via promoting mast cell degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Because IL-33 is derived predominantly from synovial fibroblasts, this finding provides a novel mechanism whereby a host tissue-derived cytokine can regulate effector adaptive immune response via enhancing innate cellular activation in inflammatory arthritis.
NK Cell Patrolling and Elimination of Donor-Derived Dendritic Cells Favor Indirect Alloreactivity
Authors: Garrod Kym R. , Liu Feng-Chun , Forrest Luette E. , Parker Ian , Kang Sang-Mo , Cahalan Michael D.
Published: February 2010

Direct presentation of foreign MHC molecules expressed by donor-derived dendritic cells (DCs) has generally been considered the dominant pathway of allorecognition in acute transplant rejection. However, recent studies implicate preferential activation of the indirect pathway by host DCs. The respective importance of each pathway and the mechanisms that determine their relative contributions remain to be clearly established. In this study, using two-photon microscopy, we visualized host NK cell interactions with syngeneic and allogeneic DCs within intact lymph nodes of mice. Upon contact with allogeneic DCs, NK cells formed prolonged interactions that led directly to target cell lysis. This rapid elimination limited the ability of allogeneic DCs to stimulate primary and recall T cell responses. To discriminate whether donor or host DCs are principally involved in presenting Ag derived from allografts, we used CD11c-diphtheria toxoid receptor mice to conditionally ablate CD11c+ DCs and to show that direct presentation by donor DCs is alone insufficient to elicit acute allograft rejection. We thus propose that rapid elimination of allogeneic DCs limits direct Ag presentation and thereby favors the indirect pathway of alloreactivity.
Complement Component C3 Binds to Activated Normal Platelets without Preceding Proteolytic Activation and Promotes Binding to Complement Receptor 1
Authors: Hamad Osama A. , Nilsson Per H. , Wouters Diana , Lambris John D. , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Nilsson Bo
Published: February 2010

It has been reported that complement is activated on the surface of activated platelets, despite the presence of multiple regulators of complement activation. To reinvestigate the mechanisms by which activated platelets bind to complement components, the presence of complement proteins on the surfaces of nonactivated and thrombin receptor-activating peptide-activated platelets was analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot analyses. C1q, C4, C3, and C9 were found to bind to thrombin receptor-activating peptide-activated platelets in lepirudin-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood. However, inhibiting complement activation at the C1q or C3 level did not block the binding of C3 to activated platelets. Diluting PRP and chelating divalent cations also had no effect, further indicating that the deposition of complement components was independent of complement activation. Furthermore, washed, activated platelets bound added C1q and C3 to the same extent as platelets in PRP. The use of mAbs against different forms of C3 demonstrated that the bound C3 consisted of C3(H2O). Furthermore, exogenously added soluble complement receptor 1 was shown to bind to this form of platelet-bound C3. These observations indicate that there is no complement activation on the surface of platelets under physiological conditions. This situation is in direct contrast to a number of pathological conditions in which regulators of complement activation are lacking and thrombocytopenia and thrombotic disease are the ultimate result. However, the generation of C3(H2O) represents nonproteolytic activation of C3 and after factor I cleavage may act as a ligand for receptor binding.
Therapeutic Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor-Mediated Amplification of CD4+ T Cell Responses Enhances Antiparasitic Immunity
Authors: Haque Ashraful , Stanley Amanda C. , Amante Fiona H. , Rivera Fabian de Labastida , Zhou YongHong , Kuns Rachel D. , Yardley Vanessa , Sakaguchi Shimon , Hill Geoffrey R. , Engwerda Christian R.
Published: February 2010

Chronic infectious diseases and cancers are often associated with suboptimal effector T cell responses. Enhancement of T cell costimulatory signals has been extensively studied for cancer immunotherapy but not so for the treatment of infectious disease. The few previous attempts at this strategy using infection models have lacked cellular specificity, with major immunoregulatory mechanisms or innate immune cells also being targeted. In this study, we examined the potential of promoting T cell responses via the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) family-related protein in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. GITR stimulation during established infection markedly improved antiparasitic immunity. This required CD4+ T cells, TNF, and IFN-γ, but crucially, was independent of regulatory T (Treg) cells. GITR stimulation enhanced CD4+ T cell expansion without modulating Treg cell function or protecting conventional CD4+ T cells from Treg cell suppression. GITR stimulation substantially improved the efficacy of a first-line visceral leishmaniasis drug against both acute hepatic infection and chronic infection in the spleen, demonstrating its potential to improve clinical outcomes. This study identifies a novel strategy to therapeutically enhance CD4+ T cell-mediated antiparasitic immunity and, importantly, achieves this goal without impairment of Treg cell function.
IL-17 Activates the Canonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Autoimmune B Cells of BXD2 Mice To Upregulate the Expression of Regulators of G-Protein Signaling 16
Authors: Xie Shutao , Li Jun , Wang John H. , Wu Qi , Yang PingAr , Hsu Hui-Chen , Smythies Lesley E. , Mountz John D.
Published: February 2010

We previously identified that autoreactive B cells from BXD2 mice can be targeted by IL-17, leading to upregulation of the expression of regulators of G-protein signaling (Rgs) genes that facilitated the development of spontaneous germinal centers. Little is known about the signaling pathway used by IL-17 to upregulate RGS. In the current study, we found that IL-17 rapidly activates the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and that BXD2 B cells exhibit higher basal and activated phosphorylated p65 levels than B6 or BXD2-Il17ra−/− B cells. Inhibition of p65 phosphorylation downregulated RGS16 expression and abrogated the IL-17‑induced chemotactic arrest of B cells in response to CXCL12. Knockdown of TNFR-associated factor 6 or NF-κB activator 1 in 70Z/3 pre-B cells led to decreased Rgs16 expression, indicating that both of these two genes are involved in IL-17‑mediated activation of NF-κB signaling in B cells. These findings identify the signaling pathway regulated by IL-17 to contribute to the development of spontaneous germinal centers in autoimmune BXD2 mice.
Public TCR Use by Herpes Simplex Virus-2–Specific Human CD8 CTLs
Authors: Dong Lichun , Li Penny , Oenema Tjitske , McClurkan Christopher L. , Koelle David M.
Published: February 2010

Recombination of germline TCR α and β genes generates polypeptide receptors for MHC peptide. Ag exposure during long-term herpes simplex infections may shape the T cell repertoire over time. We investigated the CD8 T cell response to HSV-2 in chronically infected individuals by sequencing the hypervariable regions encoding TCR α and β polypeptides from T cell clones recognizing virion protein 22 aa 49–57, an immunodominant epitope. The most commonly detected TCRBV gene segment, found in four of five subjects and in 12 of 50 independently derived T cell clones, was TCRBV12-4. Nineteen to seventy-two percent of tetramer-binding cells in PBMCs were stained ex vivo with a TCRBV12 mAb. Three α-chain and three β-chain public TCR sequences were shared between individuals. Public heterodimers were also detected. Promiscuous pairing of a specific TCRVA1-1 sequence with several different TCRB polypeptides was observed, implying a dominant structural role for the TCRA chain for these clonotypes. Functional avidity for cytotoxicity and IFN-γ release was relatively invariant, except for one subject with both high avidity and unique TCR sequences and lower HSV-2 shedding. These data indicate that the CD8 response to a dominant α-herpesvirus epitope converges on preferred TCR sequences with relatively constant functional avidity.
Five HLA-DP Molecules Frequently Expressed in the Worldwide Human Population Share a Common HLA Supertypic Binding Specificity
Authors: Sidney John , Steen Amiyah , Moore Carrie , Ngo Sandy , Chung Jolan , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro
Published: February 2010

Compared with DR and DQ, knowledge of the binding repertoires and specificities of HLA-DP alleles is somewhat limited. However, a growing body of literature has indicated the importance of DP-restricted responses in the context of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease. In the current study, we developed high-throughput binding assays for the five most common HLA-DPB1 alleles in the general worldwide population. Using these assays on a comprehensive panel of single-substitution analogs and large peptide libraries, we derived novel detailed binding motifs for DPB1*0101 and DPB1*0501. We also derived more detailed quantitative motifs for DPB1*0201, DPB1*0401, and DPB1*0402, which were previously characterized on the basis of sets of eluted ligands and/or limited sets of substituted peptides. Unexpectedly, all five DP molecules, originally selected only on the basis of their frequency in human populations, were found to share largely overlapping peptide motifs. Testing panels of known DP epitopes and a panel of peptides spanning a set of Phleum pratense Ags revealed that these molecules also share largely overlapping peptide-binding repertoires. This demonstrates that a previously hypothesized DP supertype extends far beyond what was originally envisioned and includes at least three additional very common DP specificities. Taken together, these DP supertype molecules are found in >90% of the human population. Thus, these findings have important implications for epitope-identification studies and monitoring of human class II-restricted immune responses.
Practical issues in picture archiving and communication system and networking
Authors: Kalyanpur Arjun , Singh Jasbir , Bedi Ricky
Published: February 2010

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a key workflow tool in the functioning of radiology departments worldwide, today, and its utilization is rapidly growing in India. The key challenges in PACS implementation are related to vendor and feature selection, integration with the existing HIS, user training, maintenance and scalability to meet increasing demands. Additionally, the networking requirements that PACS imposes on hospital networks are not insignificant. This article attempts to review these issues from the standpoint of what a prospective or new user needs to know.
Pictorial essay: Orbital tuberculosis
Authors: Narula Mahender K , Chaudhary Vikas , Baruah Dhiraj , Kathuria Manoj , Anand Rama
Published: February 2010

Tuberculosis of the orbit is rare, even in places where tuberculosis is endemic. The disease may involve soft tissue, the lacrimal gland, or the periosteum or bones of the orbital wall. Intracranial extension, in the form of extradural abscess, and infratemporal fossa extension has been described. This pictorial essay illustrates the imaging findings of nine histopathologically confirmed cases of orbital tuberculosis. All these patients responded to antituberculous treatment.
Primary laryngeal tuberculosis mimicking laryngeal carcinoma: CT scan features
Authors: El Kettani N Ech-Cherif , El Hassani MR , Chakir N , Jiddane M
Published: February 2010

Laryngeal tuberculosis is a rare disease. It is almost always associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. It occurs generally in adults without BCG vaccination or in cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. On laryngoscopy and imaging, it often simulates laryngeal carcinoma, and confirmation is always histological. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented to our hospital with dysphonia and dysphagia. Laryngoscopy revealed a lesion of the left vocal cord and the ventricular strip. CT scan found focal, regular thickening of the left vocal cord, associated with irregular thickening of the posterior laryngeal wall. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Color doppler evaluation of cerebral-umbilical pulsatility ratio and its usefulness in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation and prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Bano Shahina , Chaudhary Vikas , Pande Sanjay , Mehta VL , Sharma AK
Published: February 2010

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery (UA) and that of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), as well as the ratio of the MCA PI to the UA PI (C/U ratio), in the diagnosis of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 90 pregnancies of 30-41 weeks gestation that had been diagnosed clinically as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) over a period of 1 year. The UA PI and the MCA PI as well as the C/U ratio were calculated. Results: Of the 90 pregnancies in the study, 24 showed abnormal UA PI. Among these, 21 (87.5%) were SGA and 19 (79.2%) had adverse perinatal outcome. Of the four of the 90 pregnancies that showed abnormal MCA PI, all were SGA and had adverse perinatal outcome. Similarly, of the 20 out of 90 pregnancies that showed abnormal C/U ratio (< 1.08), all 20 (100%) were SGA and had adverse perinatal outcome. The results were correlated with parameters of fetal outcome. Conclusion: Inferences drawn from the study were: (1) The C/U ratio is a better predictor of SGA fetuses and adverse perinatal outcome than the MCA PI or the UA PI used alone, (2) The UA PI can be used to identify IUGR per se and (3) The MCA PI alone is not a reliable indicator for predicting fetal distress.
Embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae with ONYX: Indications, techniques, and outcomes
Authors: Saraf Rashmi , Shrivastava Manish , Kumar Nishant , Limaye Uday
Published: February 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the role of the liquid embolic agent, ONYX, in the treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) and to redefine the indications, techniques and outcomes of treatment with ONYX. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 25 DAVF patients who underwent endovascular treatment with ONYX between February 2006 and July 2008. All patients of DAVF presenting in this period were treated with ONYX. Results: Anatomic cure (i.e., complete angiographic closure of the fistula) was achieved in a single session and through a single arterial pedicle injection in 21 out of 25 patients (cure rate of 84%). Out of four patients with residual fistulae, one achieved cure that was evident on a control angiogram obtained at 3 months while three had no vascular access for further embolization and so were referred for radiosurgery. There was only one recurrence seen in angiograms obtained at the end of one year and this patient was re-embolized successfully with ONYX. Complications were seen in two patients. Conclusion: ONYX embolization of DAVFs has revolutionized the endovascular treatment of DAVFs, achieving high cure rates in a single session with minimal complications. Transarterial ONYX embolization should be the first option for all locations, except cavernous DAVFs.
Visualization of gastric varices using angiographic C-arm CT during retrograde transvenous sclerotherapy
Authors: Iwazawa Jin , Ohue Shoichi , Abe Hisashi , Mitani Takashi
Published: February 2010

During retrograde transvenous sclerotherapy for gastric varices, sufficient opacification of the target varices on venography is essential for successful treatment. However, venography sometimes cannot identify target varices due to overlapping adjacent collateral vessels or leakage of contrast medium to other outflow veins. We report how C-arm CT images acquired using a flat-panel detector angiography system helped to identify target varices and predict the distribution of a sclerosant, which resulted in safer sclerotherapy and increased operator confidence.
Metaphyseal bands in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Suresh SS , Thomas John K
Published: February 2010

An increasing number of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta are undergoing pamidronate therapy to prevent the incidence of fragility fractures. The authors herein report a child aged 3 years who received five cycles of pamidronate, resulting in metaphyseal bands, known as "zebra lines."
Case report: Fibromatosis colli in a neonate
Authors: Smiti S , Kulkarni Naveen M , Singh Jyoti
Published: February 2010

Fibromatosis colli or pseudotumor of infancy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is a rare cause of a benign neck mass in neonates and infants. If diagnosed correctly, it can be managed conservatively, and unnecessary investigations can be avoided.
Ribbing disease
Authors: Mukkada Philson J , Franklin Teenu , Rajeswaran Rangasami , Joseph Santhosh
Published: February 2010

Ribbing disease is a rare sclerosing dysplasia that involves long tubular bones, especially the tibia and femur. It occurs after puberty and is reported to be more common in women. In this article we describe how Ribbing disease can be differentiated from diseases like Engelmann-Camurati disease, van Buchem disease, Erdheim-Chester disease, osteoid osteoma, chronic osteomyelitis, stress fracture, etc.
Lipoma arborescens of the elbow
Authors: Ranganath K , Rao Ganesh ,   Namitha
Published: February 2010

Lipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare non-neoplastic intra-articular lesion that most commonly affects the knee joint, especially the suprapatellar bursa. It rarely affects the elbow joint. There are a few reports of involvement of the bicipital radial bursa. We report a case of LA, with characteristic MRI features, affecting the elbow joint in a young male.
MRI in perianal fistulae
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S , Badawi Hesham A , Afifi Ahmed H
Published: February 2010

MRI has become the method of choice for evaluating perianal fistulae due to its ability to display the anatomy of the sphincter muscles orthogonally, with good contrast resolution. In this article we give an outline of the classification of perianal fistulae and present a pictorial assay of sphincter anatomy and the MRI findings in perianal fistulae. This study is based on a retrospective analysis of 43 patients with a clinical diagnosis of perianal fistula. MRI revealed a total of 44 fistulae in 35 patients; eight patients had only perianal sinuses.
Mesoaortic entrapment of a left inferior vena cava
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Naik Nitish , Gulati Gurpreet Singh
Published: February 2010

A persistent left inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare anomaly, with a reported incidence of only 0.2-0.5%. When present, it courses between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta to continue as the right IVC, similar to the course of a left renal vein (LRV). This anomaly is usually asymptomatic, but there may be vague abdominal complaints if the IVC is compressed in the mesoaortic angle. Although symptomatic compression of the LRV (anterior nutcracker syndrome) is well recognized, there has been only one report in the literature of a similar compression of a persistent left IVC. Because of its rarity, this anomaly may be missed or mistaken for other conditions on imaging. An accurate diagnosis is crucial as the presence of this anomaly may have implications for surgical treatment of aortic lesions or placement of an IVC filter. Magnetic resonance angiography and, more recently, multidetector computed tomography scan, can provide an exquisite three-dimensional demonstration of vascular abnormalities.
Paradoxical hepatic tumor: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver
Authors: Sodhi Kushaljit Singh , Bekhitt Elhamy , Rickert Christian
Published: February 2010

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) is a rare primary malignant tumor of the liver that typically presents in late childhood. We report a case of primary UES, which had a typical paradoxical appearance on different imaging modalities.
Persistent mullerian duct syndrome
Authors: Renu Divya , Rao B Ganesh , Ranganath K ,   Namitha
Published: February 2010

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of internal male pseudohermaphroditism in which Mullerian duct derivatives are seen in a male patient. This syndrome is characterized by the persistence of Mullerian duct derivatives (i.e. uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and upper two thirds of vagina) in a phenotypically and karyotypically male patient. In this article we present the USG and MRI features of a case of PMDS with bilateral cryptorchidism and left sided inguinal hernia, containing the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Hepatitis B in Health Care Workers: Indian Scenario
Authors: Singhal Varsha , Bora Dhrubajyoti , Singh Sarman
Published: February 2010

Healthcare workers have a high risk of occupational exposure to many blood-borne diseases including HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C viral infections. Of these Hepatitis B is not only the most transmissible infection, but also the only one that is preventable by vaccination. In developing countries, Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers is very low for various reasons, including awareness, risk assessment, and low priority given by the health managements of both government and private hospitals. Most of the hospitals lack post-exposure management strategies including the coordination among various departments for reporting, testing, and vaccination. This review, therefore, focuses on the current situation of Hepatitis B vaccine status in the healthcare workers of India, and provides updated guidelines to manage the accidental exposure to hepatitis B virus-infected biological materials in healthcare workers. The review also emphasizes on what options are available to a healthcare worker, in case of exposure and how they can respond to the standard vaccination schedules, besides the need to educate the healthcare workers about Hepatitis B infection, available vaccines, post-vaccine immune status, and post-exposure prophylaxis.
Serum Levels of Lipids, Calcium and Magnesium in Women with Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem
Published: February 2010

Lipid abnormalities in hypothyroidism contribute to the disproportionate increase in cardiovascular risk. A possible relationship between serum level of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) and cardiovascular disease was recorded. In this work, the possible correlation between lipid profile components and serum cations Ca and Mg was investigated. Matched healthy women were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. All parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total and ionized Mg in hypothyroid patients in comparing with control group. There was a significant increase (P <0.05) in serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and (LDL-C)/(HDL-C) ratio in hypothyroid patients as compared with control group. However, no correlation was found between the cation levels and lipid profile of the studied groups. It can be concluded that patients with hypothyroidism exhibited elevated atherogenic parameters (TC and LDL-C) and high risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Emergence of Nonalbicans Candida in Neonatal Septicemia and Antifungal Susceptibility: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Goel Nidhi , Ranjan Prabhat K , Aggarwal Ritu , Chaudhary Uma , Sanjeev Nanda
Published: February 2010

Aims: To know the distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species in neonatal septicemia cases.

Materials and Methods: In a prospective analysis blood samples from 825 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia, collected aseptically, were cultured to look for the role of Candida spp. in septicemia. Candida isolates were speciated by germ tube test, Hi-CHROME agar, sugar fermentation, and sugar assimilation tests using standard protocol. All the Candida isolates were tested for antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole by the Disk Diffusion (DD) method and broth micro dilution-minimum inhibitory concentration (BMD-MIC) method using NCCLS guidelines.

Results: Isolation rate of Candida from neonatal septicemia cases was 8.1%. Most common isolate was C. tropicalis (61.19%), followed by C. albicans (19.40%), C. glabrata (11.94%), C. parapsilosis (5.97%) and C. guillermondii (1.49%). Low birth weight and previous antibiotic prophylaxis was found in 100% cases. Crude mortality rate was 50.1%. By DD method, 95.53% of the Candida isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. A discrepancy between DD method and BMD-MIC method was noted in 4.47% strains. One isolates each of C. tropicalis, C. albicans, and C. glabrata showed discrepancy.

Conclusion: Nonalbicans Candida has emerged as an important cause of neonatal septicemia. Routine susceptibility testing of Candida isolates by DD method should be confirmed by BMD-MIC method. Fluconazole can be used as empirical therapy for neonatal candidemia at our center.