bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterovirus D68 Subclade B3 Circulation in Senegal, 2016: Detection from Influenza-like Illness and Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance
Authors: Fall Amary , Ndiaye Ndack , Jallow Mamadou Malado , Barry Mamadou Aliou , Touré Cheikh Saad Bou , Kebe Ousmane , Kiori Davy Evrard , Sy Sara , Dia Mohamed , Goudiaby Déborah , Ndiaye Kader , Niang Mbayame Ndiaye , Dia Ndongo
Published: September 2019

Following the 2014 outbreak, active surveillance of the EV-D68 has been implemented in many countries worldwide. Despite subsequent EV-D68 outbreaks (2014 and 2016) reported in many areas, EV-D68 circulation remains largely unexplored in Africa except in Senegal, where low levels of EV-D68 circulation were first noted during the 2014 outbreak. Here we investigate subsequent epidemiology of EV-D68 in Senegal from June to September 2016 by screening respiratory specimens from ILI and stool from AFP surveillance. EV-D68 was detected in 7.4% (44/596) of patients; 40 with ILI and 4 with AFP. EV-D68 detection was significantly more common in children under 5 years (56.8%, p = 0.016). All EV-D68 strains detected belonged to the newly defined subclade B3. This study provides the first evidence of EV-D68 B3 subclade circulation in Africa from patients with ILI and AFP during a 2016 outbreak in Senegal. Enhanced surveillance of EV-D68 is needed to better understand the epidemiology of EV-D68 in Africa.
Medical device surveillance with electronic health records
Authors: Callahan Alison , Fries Jason A. , Ré Christopher , Huddleston James I. , Giori Nicholas J. , Delp Scott , Shah Nigam H.
Published: September 2019

Post-market medical device surveillance is a challenge facing manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and health care providers. Electronic health records are valuable sources of real-world evidence for assessing device safety and tracking device-related patient outcomes over time. However, distilling this evidence remains challenging, as information is fractured across clinical notes and structured records. Modern machine learning methods for machine reading promise to unlock increasingly complex information from text, but face barriers due to their reliance on large and expensive hand-labeled training sets. To address these challenges, we developed and validated state-of-the-art deep learning methods that identify patient outcomes from clinical notes without requiring hand-labeled training data. Using hip replacements—one of the most common implantable devices—as a test case, our methods accurately extracted implant details and reports of complications and pain from electronic health records with up to 96.3% precision, 98.5% recall, and 97.4% F1, improved classification performance by 12.8–53.9% over rule-based methods, and detected over six times as many complication events compared to using structured data alone. Using these additional events to assess complication-free survivorship of different implant systems, we found significant variation between implants, including for risk of revision surgery, which could not be detected using coded data alone. Patients with revision surgeries had more hip pain mentions in the post-hip replacement, pre-revision period compared to patients with no evidence of revision surgery (mean hip pain mentions 4.97 vs. 3.23; t = 5.14; p < 0.001). Some implant models were associated with higher or lower rates of hip pain mentions. Our methods complement existing surveillance mechanisms by requiring orders of magnitude less hand-labeled training data, offering a scalable solution for national medical device surveillance using electronic health records.
Feasibility and utility of a clinician dashboard from wearable and mobile application Parkinson’s disease data
Authors: Elm Jordan J. , Daeschler Margaret , Bataille Lauren , Schneider Ruth , Amara Amy , Espay Alberto J. , Afek Michal , Admati Chen , Teklehaimanot Abeba , Simuni Tanya
Published: September 2019

Mobile and wearable device-captured data have the potential to inform Parkinson’s disease (PD) care. The objective of the Clinician Input Study was to assess the feasibility and clinical utility of data obtained using a mobile health technology from PD patients. In this observational, exploratory study, PD participants wore a smartwatch and used the Fox Wearable Companion mobile phone app to stream movement data and report symptom severity and medication intake for 6 months. Data were analyzed using the Intel® Pharma Analytics Platform. Clinicians reviewed participants’ data in a dashboard during in-office visits at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months. Clinicians provided feedback in focus groups leading to dashboard updates. Between June and August 2017, 51 PD patients were recruited at four US sites, and 39 (76%) completed the 6-month study. Patients streamed 83,432 h of movement data from their smartwatches (91% of expected). Reporting of symptoms and medication intake using the app was lower than expected, 44% and 60%, respectively, but did not differ according to baseline characteristics. Clinicians’ feedback resulted in ten updates to the dashboard during the study period. Clinicians reported that medications and patient reported outcomes were generally discernable in the dashboard and complementary to clinical assessments. Movement, symptoms, and medication intake data were feasibly translated from the app into a clinician dashboard but there was substantial attrition rate over 6 months. Further enhancements are needed to ensure long-term patient adherence to portable technologies and optimal digital data transfer to clinicians caring for PD patients.
Asphaltene oxide promotes a broad range of synthetic transformations
Authors: Jung Hyosic , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: September 2019

Carbocatalysts, which are catalytically-active materials derived from carbon-rich sources, are attractive alternatives to metal-based analogs. Graphene oxide is a prototypical example and has been successfully employed in a broad range of synthetic transformations. However, its use is accompanied by a number of practical and fundamental drawbacks. For example, graphene oxide undergoes explosive decomposition when subjected to elevated temperatures or microwaves. We found that asphaltene oxide, an oxidized collection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are often discarded from petroleum refining processes, effectively overcomes the drawbacks of using graphene oxide in synthetic chemistry and constitutes a new class of carbocatalysts. Here we show that asphaltene oxide may be used to promote a broad range of transformations, including Claisen-Schmidt condensations, C–C cross-couplings, and Fischer indole syntheses, as well as chemical reactions which benefit from the use of microwave reactors.
A low-cost sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determining chemical oxygen demand in wastewater via image processing analysis
Authors: Nóbrega Eryka Thamyris Damascena , de Oliveira Iagê Terra Guedes , Viana Anderson Dias , Gasparotto Luiz Henrique da Silva , Moraes Edgar Perin
Published: September 2019

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a quality parameter of superficial water and wastewater that provides information on chemically degradable fractions of organic (and inorganic) pollutants.
Favorable angiogenic properties of the borosilicate bioactive glass 0106-B1 result in enhanced in vivo osteoid formation compared to 45S5 Bioglass
Authors: Westhauser F. , Widholz B. , Nawaz Q. , Tsitlakidis S. , Hagmann S. , Moghaddam A. , Boccaccini A. R.
Published: September 2019

Mediated by its beneficial angiogenic properties, the borosilicate bioactive glass 0106-B1 outperformed the well-known 45S5-Bioglass regarding osteogenic properties in vivo.
Photothermal-assisted surface-mediated gene delivery for enhancing transfection efficiency
Authors: Zhang He , Wang Jing , Hu Mi , Li Bo-chao , Li Huan , Chen Ting-ting , Ren Ke-Feng , Ji Jian , Jing Quan-min , Fu Guo-sheng
Published: September 2019

A photothermal-assisted surface-mediated gene delivery for enhancing transfection efficiency was presented based on a polydopamine-polyethylenimine surface.
Electrochemical characterization of natural organic matter by direct voltammetry in an aprotic solvent
Authors: Pavitt Ania S. , Tratnyek Paul G.
Published: September 2019

Improved methods for direct electrochemical characterization of a wide range of natural organic matter (NOM) samples dissolved in an aprotic solvent gives well defined peaks with similar peak breadths and potentials regardless of source, which probably reflects selectivity in the methods used to extract NOM from environmental samples.
Enhanced adsorption of Cr(vi) on BiOBr under alkaline conditions: interlayer anion exchange
Authors: Jia Lixia , Zhou Wei , Huang Xiang , Zhang Yizhong , Zhang Qiangying , Tan Xin , Yu Tao
Published: September 2019

The first time to explore the adsorption of Cr(vi) on BiOBr in alkaline solutions, and propose an original adsorption mechanism.
Identification of optimally stable nanocluster geometries via mathematical optimization and density-functional theory
Authors: Isenberg Natalie M. , Taylor Michael G. , Yan Zihao , Hanselman Christopher L. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Gounaris Chrysanthos E.
Published: September 2019

A novel methodology combining mathematical optimization with DFT calculations is developed to determine highly cohesive transition metal nanoclusters.
Dimensionality controlled by light exposure: 1D versus 3D oxalate-bridged [CuFe] coordination polymers based on an [Fe(C2O4)3]3− metallotecton
Authors: Kanižaj Lidija , Androš Dubraja Lidija , Torić Filip , Pajić Damir , Molčanov Krešimir , Wenger Emmanuel , Jurić Marijana
Published: September 2019

The studied heterometallic [CuFe] compounds, based on an [Fe(C2O4)3]3− building block and containing a 3D network or 1D ladder-like chains, were synthesized depending on whether the test tube with the same reaction layers was exposed to daylight or not.
Overproduction of lipopeptide biosurfactant by Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus HAK01 in various fed-batch modes under thermophilic conditions
Authors: Hajfarajollah Hamidreza , Mokhtarani Babak , Tohidi Azadeh , Bazsefidpar Shayesteh , Akbari Noghabi Kambiz
Published: September 2019

An efficient lipopeptide biosurfactant (BS) producer, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus HAK01, was isolated from municipal landfill sites.
One-step formation of infrared reflection microsheetsvialocal photo-inducedin situpolymerization
Authors: Zhang Jingxing , Guo Zekun , Feng Yancong , Wang Yao , Li Hao , Zhou Guofu
Published: September 2019

Liquid crystal (LC) smart windows with adjustable reflectivity have been gradually applied in green and intelligent building materials for energy saving needs, but their applications are limited by their fundamental defects.
A zwitterionic polymer as an interfacial layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhou Suyuan , Zhu Tao , Zheng Luyao , Zhang Dong , Xu Wenzhan , Liu Lei , Cheng Gang , Zheng Jie , Gong Xiong
Published: September 2019

The zwitterionic polymer, Dex-CB-MA thin layer forms a better band alignment between the PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer and CH3NH3PbI3 photoactive layer, and improve the crystallization of CH3NH3PbI3 photoactive layer, resulting in efficient charge carrier transport.
VOX supported on TiO2–Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 core–shell structure catalyst for NH3-SCR of NO
Authors: Sun Lvesheng , Cao Shunxin , Huang Yun , Zhang Yiming , Xiao Youhong , Dong Guojun , Su Yu
Published: September 2019

VOX/TiO2–Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity in a wide temperature window.
Side chain effects on the solid-state emission behaviours and mechano-fluorochromic activities of 10H-phenothiazinylbenzo[d]imidazoles
Authors: Jiang Hao , Liu Xiao-Jing , Jia Ran-Rong , Xu Tian-Hui , Xia Min
Published: September 2019

The solid-state emission behaviours and MFC performances of 10H-phenothiazinylbenzo[d]imidazoles with different side chains are investigated.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids quantified in soil and water using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Hama Jawameer R. , Strobel Bjarne W.
Published: September 2019

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids quantified in soil and water.
A ZrO2-RGO composite as a support enhanced the performance of a Cu-based catalyst in dehydrogenation of diethanolamine
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhao Yunlu , Lan Xiaolin , Xu Weixiang , Chen Li , Guo Dongjie , Duan Zhengkang
Published: September 2019

A Cu/ZrO2-RGO catalyst prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of a ZrO2-RGO carrier has highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles and resistance to sintering.
Characterization and comparison of Re-Du-Ning aerosol particles generated by different jet nebulizers
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cheng Brian Chi-Yan , Li Cui , Tao Yonghua , Yu Chanjuan , Liu Xinyue , Gao Xiaoyan , Luo Gan
Published: September 2019

Delivery dose uniformity determination by BRS 2000 breath simulator and realtime particle size distribution monitoring by Spraytec.
Electrochemical reduction of different Ag(i)-containing solutions in bioelectrochemical systems for recovery of silver and simultaneous power generation
Authors: Ho Ngo Anh Dao , Babel Sandhya
Published: September 2019

Different Ag(i) solutions can be successfully reduced electrochemically to form Ag0 deposits with dendritic and cubic structure at the cathode surface.
Effects of reduced severity of ammonium sulfite pretreatment on bamboo for high cellulose recovery
Authors: Zhang Liyue , Liu Yue , Li Zhiqiang
Published: September 2019

In this study, the conditions for the pretreatment of bamboo by ammonium sulfite to achieve high cellulose recovery were investigated and optimized.
[2,2′-Bithiophene]-4,4′-dicarboxamide: a novel building block for semiconducting polymers
Authors: Zhou Xiaocheng , Zhang Zhifang , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Ngai Jenner H. L. , Kumar Pankaj , Ye Shuyang , Seferos Dwight S. , Li Yuning
Published: September 2019

A new electron acceptor building block, [2,2′-bithiophene]-4,4′-dicarboxamide, is synthesized and used to develop donor polymers for organic solar cells.
In vivo biocompatibility and immunogenicity of metal–phenolic gelation
Authors: Björnmalm Mattias , Wong Lok Man , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Penders Jelle , Horgan Conor C. , Booth Marsilea A. , Martin Nicholas G. , Sattler Susanne , Stevens Molly M.
Published: September 2019

Coordination-driven supramolecular in vivo assembly of metal–phenolic hydrogels.
Boosting the visible-light photoactivities of BiVO4 nanoplates by Eu doping and coupling CeOx nanoparticles for CO2 reduction and organic oxidation
Authors: Xu Bingyu , Zada Amir , Wang Guofeng , Qu Yang
Published: September 2019

Visible-light photoactivities of BiVO4 nanoplates have been promoted by doping Eu to enhance the charge separation and coupling CeOx nanoparticles to modulate the thermodynamic energy of the photoelectrons.
A near-infrared and mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe for ratiometric monitoring of sulfur dioxide derivatives in living cells
Authors: Yan Ye-Hao , He Xiao-Ying , Miao Jun-Ying , Zhao Bao-Xiang
Published: September 2019

A promising near-infrared emissive and mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe (SNB) for the ratiometric detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives with a novel reaction mechanism was developed on the basis of FRET and the ICT platform.
Uncertainty under Climate Change: the Resource Cycle of Industry in Taiwan’s Offshore Islands
Authors: Lan Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Chang-Hsien
Published: September 2019

The annual rainfall in Taiwan is actually 2.6 times than the average number in the world. There are as many as 2,500 mm of rainfall per year, but because of the geographical and climatic conditions,which leads to the fact that even if the rainfall is abundant in Taiwan, the water consumption of the people living in the island area is really far below the global average. A large part of the rainfall follows violent rain caused by the deterioration of the environment. The delay of the rainy season and the increase of the intensity of the typhoon have caused to suffer from flooding every year in Taiwan.This study takes “WIND LION PLAZA “ as the object. How do private enterprises “Kinmen” in the offshore islands where resources are more scarce implement “water saving measures and resource reuse” promoted by the government? In addition, it also includes the purpose and expectation of the implementation of this policy by the enterprise. Furthermore, how to implement the resource cycle and the management level between the government and the enterprise is to achieve sustainable development of resources, and do corporate social responsibility to achieve sustainable development of resources.
Evaluation of Assembly Part Build Orientation in Additive Manufacturing Environment using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ransikarbum Kasin , Pitakaso Rapeepan , Kim Namhun
Published: September 2019

Whereas Subtractive Manufacturing (SM) is a process by which 3D objects are constructed by cutting material away from a solid block of material, such as milling and lathe machine; Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a synonym for 3D printing and other processes by which 3D objects are constructed by successively depositing material in layers. Recently, AM has become widespread for both industrial and personal use thanks to the freedom and benefits it provides in designing parts, reducing lead time, improving inventory, and supply chain. However, few studies examine process planning issues in AM. In addition, existing studies focus on production of an individual part alone. In this study, we examine the assembly orientation alternatives’ efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique for different AM technologies and their associated materials under conflicting criteria. A case study of hardware fasteners using bolt and nut fabrication is illustrated in the study. Our results show that different AM technologies and materials clearly impact efficiency of part production and thus suggest optimal orientation in AM process planning platform.
Piezoelectricity: a literature review for power generation support
Authors: Urroz-Montoya Denis O. , Alverto-Suazo Jeffrey R. , Garcfa-Cabrera Julio R. , Ortega-Jimenez Cesar H
Published: September 2019

It is undeniable the potential of piezoelectric materials as an energy source. However, do current methods have the potential to be applied widely. To answer this, we require to know their current value according to socio-urban and environmental conditions. This paper presents the first literature review to study the ways of most successful piezoelectric forms of generation, implemented today, and a comparison between them according to their energy potential, as well as the socioeconomic implications presented. Results give a clearer picture of the challenges and advantages of piezoelectric materials as a means of power generation support, showing the positive practical implications of the implementation of piezo systems.
Highlights vom EAU-Kongress 2019
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2019

Der jährliche Kongress der European Association of Urology (EAU) verbindet Wissenschaft und Praxis und bietet damit eine breite Plattform zur Weiterbildung. In den Sitzungen zu den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritten urologisch-onkologischer Erkrankungen wurden auch Hinweise diskutiert, die Möglichkeiten zu Optimierungen im klinischen Alltag geben.
Akute myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2019

Das 5-Jahres-Überleben älterer Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie beträgt 10–15 %. Bei einem günstigen Karyotyp leben nach 5 Jahren 34 % der Patienten. Innerhalb der Gruppe mit einem geringen und intermediären Risiko bestehen genetische Subpopulationen mit unterschiedlichem Therapieansprechen.
Pflege managen
Authors: Schneider Melanie
Published: September 2019

Für die praktische Ausbildung ergeben sich gravierende Veränderungen, die auch
das Pflegemanagement betreffen. Lesen Sie, wie Sie sich und Ihre
Mitarbeiter auf die Pflegefachfrauen und -männer von morgen vorbereiten
sollten.
The Potential Applications of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels in Biomedicine
Authors: Ahmadian Elham , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki , Eftekhari Aziz , Dalir Elaheh , Vahedi Parviz , Hasanzadeh Amir , Samiei Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in the biomedicine due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxic properties. It is crucial for cell signaling role during morphogenesis, inflammation, and wound repair. After hydrogel formation, HA easily is converted to elastic sheets in order to use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, HA-derived hydrogels are easily used as vectors for cell and medication in tissue repairing and regenerative medicine. Moreover, in comparison with other polymers, HA -based hydrogels play a key role in in cellular behavior, including stem cell differentiation. The current paper reviews both basic concepts and recent advances in the development of HA-based hydrogels for biomedical applications.
A regime-based approach for integrating wind information in spatio-temporal solar forecasting models
Authors: Amaro e Silva R. , Haupt S. E. , Brito M. C.
Published: September 2019

Spatio-temporal solar forecasting based on statistical models seldom integrates wind information. An AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (ARX) model was tested using global horizontal irradiation records from a set of pyranometers deployed in Oahu, Hawaii, USA, where northeasterly winds are predominant. When irradiance is forecasted 10-s ahead, interesting forecast skills (up to 30.8%) can be achieved when a site has upwind neighbors available. However, when forecast skill is mapped as a function of wind direction at 850 hPa (from an ERA 5 reanalysis), negative skill values can be observed when nondominant winds occur. A wind regime-based approach is proposed, where different ARX models are built for different wind direction intervals, which substantially improves the forecasting accuracy for the underperforming wind directions. When the regime definition also takes into account wind speed, the ARX model detects spatial patterns for faster winds, with several nondominant directions achieving skill scores higher than 20%. Replacing the wind reanalysis by historical forecasts from ERA 5 reduced the overall skill by less than 0.1%.
Active meta-optics and nanophotonics with halide perovskites
Authors: Berestennikov Alexander S. , Voroshilov Pavel M. , Makarov Sergey V. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: September 2019

Meta-optics based on optically resonant all-dielectric structures is a rapidly developing research area driven by its potential applications for low-loss efficient metadevices. Active, light-emitting subwavelengh nanostructures and metasurfaces are of particular interest for meta-optics, as they offer unique opportunities for novel types of compact light sources and nanolasers. Recently, the study of “halide perovskites” has attracted enormous attention due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties. As a result, this family of materials can provide a prospective platform for modern nanophotonics and meta-optics, allowing us to overcome many obstacles associated with the use of conventional semiconductor materials. Here, we review the recent progress in the field of halide-perovskite meta-optics with the central focus on light-emitting nanoantennas and metasurfaces for the emerging field of “active metadevices.”
Underwater collapse of a loosely packed granular column on an inclined plane: Effects of the Darcy number
Authors: Lee Cheng-Hsien
Published: September 2019

As a simple model of submarine landslides, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the effects of Darcy number on the collapse of granular columns in water with loose packing. The Darcy number describes the tendency for pore fluid pressure developed by the contraction process to reduce the friction for loosely packed columns. The experimental results reveal that the collapse depends on the Darcy number, Da, the bed slope, and the initial aspect ratio of the column. Predictive models are provided for the spreading duration, spreading velocity, runout distance, and finial height of the deposit. Comparison of the present results with those of the previous studies reveals that the effects of Da on collapse vary with the packing conditions. Specifically, a positive runout-Da relationship exists in cases of loose packing, while a negative relationship is revealed for dense packing. A simple dynamic analysis is performed to explore observation, which is a consequence of different pore pressures occurring inside columns owing to different packing.
An empirical law on the finite-size effects in electronic transport calculations of tungsten
Authors: He Zhihai , Ye X. B. , Ding W. Y. , He H. Y. , Shi Q. W. , Pan B. C.
Published: September 2019

When the size of a supercell employed in theoretical calculations is smaller obviously than the mean free path of electrons in metals, the computed values of the electrical conductivity and the electronic thermal conductivity show a striking finite-size effect, and such a size-dependent value cannot be used for direct comparison with that from experiments. We hereby propose an empirical law to unified describe the relation between the conductivity (including the electrical conductivity and the electronic thermal conductivity) of infinite-size crystal and that of finite-size supercell in calculations for tungsten (W). Our calculations demonstrate that it is very convenient to achieve the electrical conductivity and the electronic thermal conductivity of W metal by using this empirical law. In addition, we provide a simple power law (∼T−1.35) to describe the finite-size effects at different temperatures. Furthermore, the mean free path of electrons, which tightly correlates to the finite-size effects exhibited in the electronic transport calculations of W at different temperatures, are revealed. The proposed empirical law in this work is robust and may be valid for other metals.
Diffusion as a future perspective of agenda setting
Authors: Brosius Hans-Bernd , Haim Mario , Weimann Gabriel
Published: September 2019

The changing media environment has led to fragmentation of both media and audiences and thus to new flows of news items across channels and time. It has become challenging to clearly distinguish public and media agendas and their relationships. Our traditional way of counting single news items to determine an issue’s importance does not apply online. Articles are not scheduled into fixed publication cycles, they are moved, updated, or shared. Moreover, the variety of channels through which users encounter news loosens the connection between news items and their original source. We suggest “diffusion” as a concept to identify agenda-setting effects. News items are assigned different degrees of relevance by users clicking, liking, or sharing it. In turn, such relevance can affect others in assigning prominence to news items. The diffusion process results in a shared agenda which is constantly modified and updated by the entire community of online actors.
The role of language in scaffolding content & language integration in CLIL science classrooms
Authors: Tang Kok-Sing
Published: September 2019

This commentary to the special issue “Teaching, Learning and Scaffolding in CLIL Science Classrooms” synthesizes
the contributions from the authors by addressing two overarching questions. First, what is the role of language in mediating
science teaching and learning in a CLIL science classroom? Second, to what extent can content and language be integrated or
separated in CLIL instruction and assessment? In addressing the first question, I distil three major perspectives of how the
authors conceive the role of language as a scaffolding tool. These roles are: (a) providing the discursive means and structure for
classroom interaction to occur, (b) enabling students’ construction of knowledge through cognitive and/or linguistic processes,
and (c) providing the semantic relationships for science meaning-making. These three perspectives roughly correspond to the
discursive, cognitive-linguistic, and semiotic roles of language respectively. In addition, two other roles – epistemic and
affective, though not emphasized in this issue, are also discussed. In addressing the second question, I raise a dilemma
concerning the integration of content and language. While there are clear political and theoretical arguments calling for an
inseparable integration, there is also a common practice to separate content and language as distinct entities for various
pedagogical and analytical purposes. In revolving this conundrum, I suggest a way forward is to consider the differences in the
various roles of language (discursive/cognitive/linguistic vs. semiotic/epistemic/affective) or the levels of language involved
(lexicogrammar vs. text/genre).
Supporting students’ content learning in Biology through teachers’ use of classroom talk drawing on concept sketches
Authors: Ho Caroline , Kwai Yeok Wong June , Rappa Natasha Anne
Published: September 2019

This article examines teachers’ attempts to enhance students’ content learning in Biology through the use of talk centred on concept sketches. Of specific interest is how teachers provide scaffolding through purposeful classroom discourse (Lemke, 1990) with the use of talk moves (Chapin, O’Connor, & Anderson, 2013), drawing on concept sketches (Johnson & Reynolds, 2005) annotated by students. Informed by socioconstructivist (Vygotsky, 1978/86) perspectives and grounded in multimodal literacy (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) underpinnings, the study acknowledges the teacher’s role in productive classroom discussions to guide students’ thinking and facilitate meaning-making. Qualitative analysis of classroom discourse illustrates how teachers’ classroom talk can scaffold and address the gaps in students’ learning. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
The positioning of Japanese in a secondary CLIL science classroom in Australia
Authors: Turner Marianne
Published: September 2019

In Australia, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is commonly implemented as a way to encourage innovation in language teaching. This paper explores how Japanese can also be used to innovate the teaching of content. Qualitative data are drawn from a Year 8 science Japanese CLIL classroom in a secondary school with an opt-in CLIL program. In the class, a monolingual (in English) science teacher was co-teaching with a Japanese language teacher. Findings from observations, after-class reflections, teacher and student interviews, a student survey and work samples revealed that students were highly engaged with the Japanese component of their science lessons. Kanji was further positioned as a way for students to deepen their understanding of scientific concepts. However, there also appeared to be a separation in the way both teachers and students spoke about Japanese language use and learning science. Implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Teacher language awareness and scaffolded interaction in CLIL science classrooms
Authors: Xu Daozhi , Harfitt Gary James
Published: September 2019

Teacher language awareness (TLA) constitutes the teacher’s self-reflective knowledge about the operation of language systems in pedagogical practices. This study focuses on teachers’ understanding of learning of language and learning through language in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts, exploring how teachers proceduralise their knowledge of language to facilitate science learning in Hong Kong. By analysing the reflective relationship between TLA and scaffolding strategies of two teachers (studentsn = 31; 32) during a set of lessons in a secondary school, this paper suggests that it is critical to re-orient the TLA focus from teachers to the act of learning and learners’ needs. This expanded conceptual framework of TLA sheds light on how to transform teachers’ implicit knowledge of language into explicit awareness of scaffolding in class. The TLA-filtered, scaffolded interactions can therefore promote the use of language not merely for pedagogical purposes but also as a cognitive learning tool.
Co-developing science literacy and foreign language literacy through “Concept + Language Mapping”
Authors: He Peichang , Lin Angel M. Y.
Published: September 2019

Drawing onLemke’s (1990)“thematic patterns” theory, this research proposes a “Concept + Language Mapping” (CLM) approach and tried it out in an English Medium Instruction (EMI) biology classroom in Hong Kong. Lessons were observed and samples of student work were collected during the intervention with student/teacher interviews conducted afterwards. A quasi-experimental design was also adopted to estimate the impact of the CLM approach. The analysis indicated that CLM facilitated the development of both content and language knowledge.
Grammatical stance marking across registers
Authors: Larsson Tove
Published: September 2019

There are sets of grammatical stance markers that are morphologically and semantically related, but that differ with regard to their syntactic realization (e.g.,importantly,it is important thatandthe importance of). Little attention has, however, been paid to how these pattern across registers. This study examines eleven such sets across five registers in apprentice and expert production to investigate which register(s) the apprentice writers’ use is closest to and what that can tell us about their adherence to academic norms. The results show that there is a cline from thea priorimore formal registers to the less formal registers for the stance markers investigated. When the apprentice writers’ usage was mapped onto this cline, it became clear that their usage diverged slightly from that of the academic experts, thus indicating a lack of register awareness. Yet, very little evidence was found to support previous claims of the ‘spoken-like’ nature of learner writing.
Effect of prestrain on tensile property of TiNif/Mg composite
Authors: Jin Chenri , Yang Suyuan , He Yuyang , Guo Dan , Cheng Xingwang
Published: September 2019

A TiNi shape memory alloy fibre-reinforced AZ31 Mg alloy matrix composite was fabricated herein by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure of the composite and the effect of prestrain on its strength were analysed. The phase transformation of TiNi was observed in situ, and the effect of temperature was monitored. Metallurgical bonding formed at the interface between the TiNi fibre and AZ31 matrix. The prestrain strengthening effect on the yield stress of the composite at 298 K was more dramatic than at 373 K, and the effect decreased with increasing prestrain. The prestrain strengthening effect on tensile strength of the composite was effective at both 298 and 373 K. Because of the difference between recovery stress of TiNi and prestrain-induced compressive stress, higher temperature strengthened the material more significantly than did prestrain application.
Identification of Cu-rich precipitates in pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast irons
Authors: García Laura N. , Tolley Alfredo J. , Carazo Fernando D. , Boeri Roberto E.
Published: September 2019

This investigation studies the partitioning of Mn and Cu – and Si– between ferrite and cementite in the pearlite of two alloys containing similar Mn and Si concentrations, but different Cu contents, keeping the Cu concentration within the usual industrial limits. The results confirm the partitioning of all the elements between ferrite and cementite during pearlite growth. Furthermore, the presence of nanometric Cu-rich precipitates was detected for an alloy with typical Cu contents for achieving pearlitic structures in spheroidal graphite cast irons. This might be linked to the microsegregation of Cu developed during the solidification step. These precipitates have not been reported before and cannot be ignored as they can affect the transformation kinetics and the mechanical properties of the alloy.
What Is the Optimal Testing Strategy for Oropharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Men Who Have Sex With Men? Comparing Selective Testing Versus Routine Universal Testing From Dutch Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Data (2008–2017)
Authors: van Liere Geneviève A F S , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M , Kuizenga-Wessel Sophie , Götz Hannelore M , Hoebe Christian J P A
Published: September 2019

Background

Most oropharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are asymptomatic, and many infections remain undetected, creating a reservoir for ongoing transmission and potential drug resistance. It is unclear what the optimal testing policy is in men who have sex with men (MSM), as routine universal testing data are lacking.

Methods

Surveillance data from all Dutch sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics between 2008 and 2017 were used (N = 271 242 consultations). Oropharyngeal testing policy was defined as routine universal testing when ≥85% of consultations included oropharyngeal testing or as selective testing (<85% tested). Independent risk factors for oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae were assessed among MSM routinely universally screened using backward multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

Routine universal testing was performed in 90% (238 619/265 127) of consultations. Prevalence was higher using routine universal testing (5.5%; 95% CI, 5.4–5.6; 12 769/233 476) than with selective testing (4.7%; 95% CI, 4.4–5.0; 799/17 079; P < .001). Proportions of oropharyngeal-only infections were 55% and 47%, respectively. Independent risk factors were age <31 years (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9–2.3), age 31–43 years (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6–1.9, compared with >43 years), being notified for any STI (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.9–2.1), concurrent urogenital N. gonorrhoeae (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.1–2.7), and concurrent anorectal N. gonorrhoeae (OR, 11.4; 95% CI, 10.6–12.3). When using any of the risk factors age, notified, or oral sex as testing indicators, 98.4% (81 022/82 332) of MSM would be tested, finding 99.5% (4814/4838) of infections.

Conclusions

Routine universal testing detected more oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae infections than selective testing, of which more than half would be oropharyngeal only. Using independent risk factors as testing indicator is not specific. Therefore, routine universal oropharyngeal testing in MSM is feasible and warranted, as currently advised in most guidelines.
Feasibility of a Habit Formation Intervention to Delay Frailty Progression Among Older African Americans: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fritz Heather , Hu Yi-Ling , Tarraf Wassim , Patel Pragnesh
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives

Older African Americans are at high risk for becoming frail in later life. Interventions can reverse or delay frailty, yet African Americans have largely been excluded from such research. Many interventions are also time- and resource-intensive, and thus inaccessible to socially disadvantaged older African Americans. We evaluated the feasibility of a low-dose frailty prevention intervention integrated with primary care among 60 community-dwelling, prefrail older African Americans aged 55+ recruited from a primary care clinic.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted a 2-arm randomized control trial. Participants were assigned to a 4-session intervention (1 session per month), delivered by an occupational therapist, or enhanced usual care. Feasibility criteria were set a priori at 75% for participant retention (including attrition due to death/hospitalization), 80% for session engagement, 2 participants/week for mean participant accrual, and 90% for program satisfaction.

Results

Participants were 65% female with an average age of 76.6 years, 51.7% lived alone and 39.1% reported <$10,000 in yearly income. Feasibility metrics were met. The study recruited, a mean of, 2.5 participants per week and retained 75% of participants who attended 95% of scheduled sessions. The mean satisfaction score was 29.75 (range = 0–32; SD .25). Changes in physical activity and dietary habit formation as well as changes in secondary outcomes were largely in the expected direction.

Discussion and Implications

The intervention was feasible to deliver. Qualitative findings from exit interviews suggested changes to the program dose, structure, and content that could improve it for future use.
The Impostor Syndrome from Luxury Consumption
Authors: Goor Dafna , Ordabayeva Nailya , Keinan Anat , Crener Sandrine
Published: September 2019

The present research proposes that luxury consumption can be a double-edged sword: while luxury consumption yields status benefits, it can also make consumers feel inauthentic, producing what we call the impostor syndrome from luxury consumption. As a result, paradoxically, luxury consumption may backfire and lead consumers to behave less confidently due to their undermined feelings of self-authenticity. Feelings of inauthenticity from luxury consumption may arise because consumers perceive luxury as an undue privilege. These feelings are less pronounced among consumers with high levels of chronic psychological entitlement, and they are reduced when consumers’ sense of entitlement is temporarily boosted. The effects are robust across studies conducted in the lab and in field settings such as the Metropolitan Opera, Martha’s Vineyard, a luxury shopping center, and the Upper East Side in New York, featuring relevant participant populations including luxury target segments and consumption contexts including consumers’ reflections on their actual past luxury purchases.
Molecular Characterization of the Danish Prion Diseases Cohort With Special Emphasis on Rare and Unique Cases
Authors: Areškevičiūtė Aušrinė , Broholm Helle , Melchior Linea C , Bartoletti-Stella Anna , Parchi Piero , Capellari Sabina , Scheie David , Lund Eva L
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to perform an updated reclassification of all definite prion disease cases with available fresh-frozen samples referred to the Danish Reference Center over the past 40 years, putting a special emphasis on the molecular characterization of novel disease subtypes. Investigation of the Danish prion diseases cohort revealed rare sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases with mixed subtypes and subtypes with previously uncharacterized white matter plaques, a new case of sporadic fatal insomnia, and 3 novel mutations, including 2 large octapeptide repeat insertions, and a point mutation in the prion protein gene. The evaluation of methionine and valine distribution at codon 129 among the prion disease patients in the cohort revealed the increased prevalence of methionine homozygotes compared to the general population. This observation was in line with the prevalence reported in other Caucasian prion disease cohort studies. Reclassification of the old prion diseases cohort revealed unique cases, the molecular characterization of which improves prion diseases classification, diagnostic accuracy, genetic counseling of affected families, and the understanding of disease biology.
Opening the black box of PSF network internationalization: An exploration of law firm networks
Authors: Salvoldi Rany , Brock David M
Published: September 2019

This article advances our understanding of network internationalization by professional service firms. We address gaps in the literature concerning the various kinds of networks; their role in international strategies, including learning, and knowledge transfer; and their structural and governance mechanisms. Concentrating on the network dependency of 177 European law firms, we analyse and summarize their structural and governance tendencies. Then we develop a typology of seven international peer networks. The seven types identified are: ‘Loose’, a network of disconnected actors, where exchange is mostly limited to referrals; ‘Constricted’, referral-based networks aimed at optimizing exchange flows and cooperation; ‘Focused’, networks aimed at a specific sector or specialty; ‘Friends’, informal, non-exclusive networks; ‘Exclusives’, formal alliances or cooperative relations; ‘Monogamous’, well-established, broad, longstanding, and close relationships; and ‘Isolated’, project-related alliances of limited duration. We conclude with a discussion that considers this typology in light of possible intangible outcomes of membership and proposes how this might be extended in future research.
Catherine Belsey
Authors: McCallum Pamela
Published: September 2019

Catherine Belsey (b. 13 December 1940) is a British scholar distinguished in the areas of literary and cultural theory, Shakespeare studies, early modern studies, and feminism. Educated at the Universities of Oxford, Somerville College (BA), and Warwick (MA, PhD), she taught at the University of Cambridge (New Hall). Moving to University College Cardiff as a Lecturer in English in 1975, she was appointed Professor of English in 1989 and Distinguished Research Professor in 2002, a position she held until 2006. A Research Professor at Swansea University from 2006 to her retirement in 2014, Belsey holds an appointment as Visiting Professor at University of Derby (2014–2020). She is a Fellow of the English Association (2001) and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales (2013). Together with Terence Hawkes, Stephen Heath, Terry Eagleton, and others, Belsey became an important voice in the burgeoning interest in French theories in the late 1970s. Her books deploy French structuralist and post-structuralist theories to open up possibilities for innovative analyses of literary and cultural texts. Her achievement lies in producing a body of literary and cultural criticism that acknowledges its rootedness in a present moment and deploys theoretical insights to achieve nuanced readings of texts from earlier historical periods—research that connects her with the British cultural materialist criticism of scholars such as Alan Sinfield, Louis Montrose, and Jonathan Dollimore. For Belsey, “text” has a very broad meaning: art, sculpture, architecture, film, novels, drama, poetry, and other writings can all be read as cultural texts. In these assumptions, Belsey draws on the earlier writings of Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, who both questioned an elitist division of high/low culture and extended the meaning of culture to include a whole way of life. The breadth of references in her books is unquestionably impressive: medieval theology, eighteenth-century country house architecture, funerary sculpture, carvings on household furniture, Renaissance paintings, detective novels, contemporary action films, and even cartoons make appearances in her analyses. All of these, and more, offer perceptions into how cultures order themselves into what they assume to be dominant modes and also into to what they understand to be resistant. Her books on Shakespeare, Milton, tragedy, and desire all explore how cultural texts negotiate these pressures, tensions, and anxieties. Feminism and gender figure as important questions throughout her research. Belsey’s commitment to pedagogy and learning is evident in several introductory books accessible to nonspecialists.