bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathologisches Glücksspielen: Partnerschaft und Geschlecht
Authors: Koschel Olivia , Lindenmeyer Johannes , Heinrichs Nina
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Beim pathologischen Glücksspielen wurden vereinzelt Einbußen in der Partnerschaftszufriedenheit und Geschlechterunterschiede gefunden. Im deutschsprachigen Raum fehlt eine zusammenführende Studie beider Variablen bisher. Daher soll die Rolle von Partnerschaftsstatus und Geschlecht für die psychische Belastung und die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit untersucht werden, um einen empirischen Beitrag zur bedarfsorientierten Behandlung zu leisten. Methodik: Es wurden routinemäßig erhobene Daten einer stationären Rehabilitationsklinik genutzt. Patientinnen und Patienten mit pathologischem Glücksspielen als Hauptdiagnose (N = 392; Ausschöpfungsquote 75 %) machten Angaben zur Soziodemografie, störungsspezifischer und -unspezifischer psychischer Belastung und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit. Ergebnisse: In der Partnerschaftszufriedenheit wurden leichte Einbußen gefunden, besonders im Streitverhalten. Das Geschlecht erklärte einen bedeutsamen Anteil der psychischen störungsunspezifischen Belastung, Frauen zeigten höhere Werte. Partnerschaftsstatus und die Interaktion aus Partnerschaftsstatus und Geschlecht erklärten keinen bedeutsamen Anteil an der psychischen Belastung. Schlussfolgerungen: Bei Betroffenen in Partnerschaft sollte die Dimension „Streitverhalten“ auf Relevanz für die Therapieindikation geprüft und ggf. in die Behandlung mit aufgenommen werden. Der relevante Beitrag des Geschlechts zur psychischen Belastung sollte für die Behandlungsplanung pathologischer Glücksspielerinnen berücksichtig werden.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of the French Version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C)
Authors: Bouvard Martine , Roulin Jean-Luc
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This article examines the internal validity of the French version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C). We first performed confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to determine the fit of the factor structure identified in previous research on the BFQ-C and then used exploratory factor analyses. A sample of 399 children (192 boys and 207 girls) recruited from elementary schools completed the BFQ-C in their classrooms. Participants were 8 to 12 years old with a mean age of 9.58 years (SD = 0.98). The results indicated poor goodness-of-fit statistics for the CFA solution. Exploratory factor analysis improved the model fit markedly over conventional CFA. The factor structure of the French version of the BFQ-C suggested reasonable fit for the five intercorrelated factors corresponding to the Big Five with the exploratory factor analyses, even if the fifth factor appeared to be more problematic than the other 4 factors.
Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude
Authors: Hagemann Vera
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.
Glycogen controls Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress
Authors: Gusarov Ivan , Pani Bibhusita , Gautier Laurent , Smolentseva Olga , Eremina Svetlana , Shamovsky Ilya , Katkova-Zhukotskaya Olga , Mironov Alexander , Nudler Evgeny
Published: June 2017

A high-sugar diet has been associated with reduced lifespan in organisms ranging from worms to mammals. However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful effects of glucose are poorly understood. Here we establish a causative relationship between endogenous glucose storage in the form of glycogen, resistance to oxidative stress and organismal aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that glycogen accumulated on high dietary glucose limits C. elegans longevity. Glucose released from glycogen and used for NADPH/glutathione reduction renders nematodes and human hepatocytes more resistant against oxidative stress. Exposure to low levels of oxidants or genetic inhibition of glycogen synthase depletes glycogen stores and extends the lifespan of animals fed a high glucose diet in an AMPK-dependent manner. Moreover, glycogen interferes with low insulin signalling and accelerates aging of long-lived daf-2 worms fed a high glucose diet. Considering its extensive evolutionary conservation, our results suggest that glycogen metabolism might also have a role in mammalian aging.
Discovery of long-range inhibitory signaling to ensure single axon formation
Authors: Takano Tetsuya , Wu Mengya , Nakamuta Shinichi , Naoki Honda , Ishizawa Naruki , Namba Takashi , Watanabe Takashi , Xu Chundi , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Yura Yoshimitsu , Amano Mutsuki , Hahn Klaus M. , Kaibuchi Kozo
Published: June 2017

A long-standing question in neurodevelopment is how neurons develop a single axon and multiple dendrites from common immature neurites. Long-range inhibitory signaling from the growing axon is hypothesized to prevent outgrowth of other immature neurites and to differentiate them into dendrites, but the existence and nature of this inhibitory signaling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that axonal growth triggered by neurotrophin-3 remotely inhibits neurite outgrowth through long-range Ca2+ waves, which are delivered from the growing axon to the cell body. These Ca2+ waves increase RhoA activity in the cell body through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I. Optogenetic control of Rho-kinase combined with computational modeling reveals that active Rho-kinase diffuses to growing other immature neurites and inhibits their outgrowth. Mechanistically, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I phosphorylates a RhoA-specific GEF, GEF-H1, whose phosphorylation enhances its GEF activity. Thus, our results reveal that long-range inhibitory signaling mediated by Ca2+ wave is responsible for neuronal polarization.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland aboveground biomass on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on validated MODIS NDVI
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Cheng Fangyan , Dong Shikui , Zhao Haidi , Hou Xiaoyun , Wu Xue
Published: June 2017

Spatiotemporal dynamics of aboveground biomass (AGB) is a fundamental problem for grassland environmental management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data can feasibly be used to estimate AGB at large scales, and their precise validation is necessary to utilize them effectively. In our study, the clip-harvest method was used at 64 plots in QTP grasslands to obtain actual AGB values, and a handheld hyperspectral spectrometer was used to calculate field-measured NDVI to validate MODIS NDVI. Based on the models between NDVI and AGB, AGB dynamics trends during 2000–2012 were analyzed. The results showed that the AGB in QTP grasslands increased during the study period, with 70% of the grasslands undergoing increases mainly in the Qinghai Province. Also, the meadow showed a larger increasing trend than steppe. Future AGB dynamic trends were also investigated using a combined analysis of the slope values and the Hurst exponent. The results showed high sustainability of AGB dynamics trends after the study period. Predictions indicate 60% of the steppe and meadow grasslands would continue to increase in AGB, while 25% of the grasslands would remain in degradation, with most of them distributing in Tibet.
Selective inhibition of sterolO-acyltransferase 1 isozyme by beauveriolide III in intact cells
Authors: Ohshiro Taichi , Kobayashi Keisuke , Ohba Mio , Matsuda Daisuke , Rudel Lawrence L. , Takahashi Takashi , Doi Takayuki , Tomoda Hiroshi
Published: June 2017

Beauveriolide III (BeauIII) inhibited sterol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (SOAT1 and SOAT2), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, in an enzyme-based assay, and selectively inhibited SOAT1 in a cell-based assay using SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells. This discrepancy in SOAT inhibition by BeauIII was investigated. In the enzyme-based assay, BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 and SOAT2 to a similar extent using microsomes prepared from cells disrupted under the strongest sonication condition. In semi-intact SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells prepared by a treatment with digitonin (plasma membrane permeabilized), BeauIII selectively inhibited SOAT1 (IC50; 5.0 µM (SOAT1) vs >90 µM (SOAT2)), while in those treated with saponin (plasma membrane and ER membrane permeabilized), BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 (IC50, 1.8 µM) and SOAT2 (5.9 µM). SOAT1-selective inhibition by BeauIII was reproduced in intact ER fractions prepared from SOAT1/SOAT2-CHO cells. A Western blotting analysis revealed that biotin-labeled beauveriolide bound to the SOAT1 protein prepared from SOAT1-CHO cells. We concluded that BeauIII binds to a putative active site responsible for SOAT1 that is located on the cytosolic side of the ER, while BeauIII is not accessible to the corresponding active site for SOAT2 located on the luminal side.
Incoherent-mediator for quantum state transfer in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Cárdenas-López F. A. , Albarrán-Arriagada F. , Barrios G. Alvarado , Retamal J. C. , Romero G.
Published: June 2017

We study quantum state transfer between two qubits coupled to a common quantum bus that is constituted by an ultrastrong coupled light-matter system. By tuning both qubit frequencies on resonance with a forbidden transition in the mediating system, we demonstrate a high-fidelity swap operation even though the quantum bus is thermally populated. We discuss a possible physical implementation in a realistic circuit QED scheme that leads to the multimode Dicke model. This proposal may have applications on hot quantum information processing within the context of ultrastrong coupling regime of light-matter interaction.
Differential cohesin loading marks paired and unpaired regions of platypus sex chromosomes at prophase I
Authors: Casey Aaron E. , Daish Tasman J. , Barbero Jose Luis , Grützner Frank
Published: June 2017

Cohesins are vital for chromosome organisation during meiosis and mitosis. In addition to the important function in sister chromatid cohesion, these complexes play key roles in meiotic recombination, DSB repair, homologous chromosome pairing and segregation. Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) feature an unusually complex sex chromosome system, which raises fundamental questions about organisation and segregation during meiosis. We discovered a dynamic and differential accumulation of cohesins on sex chromosomes during platypus prophase I and specific reorganisation of the sex chromosome complex around a large nucleolar body. Detailed analysis revealed a differential loading of SMC3 on the chromatin and chromosomal axis of XY shared regions compared with the chromatin and chromosomal axes of asynapsed X and Y regions during prophase I. At late prophase I, SMC3 accumulation is lost from both the chromatin and chromosome axes of the asynaptic regions of the chain and resolves into subnuclear compartments. This is the first report detailing unpaired DNA specific SMC3 accumulation during meiosis in any species and allows speculation on roles for cohesin in monotreme sex chromosome organisation and segregation.
Common lipid features of lethal ventricular tarchyarrhythmias (LVTAs) induced by myocardial infarction and myocardial ion channel diseases
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Wu Qian , Wang Dian , Kong Jing , Dai Wentao , Wang Xingxing , Yu Xiaojun
Published: June 2017

Lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia (LVTA) is the most prevalent electrophysiological underpinning of sudden cardiac death (SCD), a condition that occurs in response to multiple pathophysiological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to identify common lipid features of LVTA that were induced by distinct pathophysiological conditions, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel SCD therapeutic targets. Two rat LVTA-SCD models were established to mimic myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ion channel diseases. Myocardial and serum specimens were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based lipidomics. The lipid profiles of the myocardial and serum specimens were similar between the models. Eleven myocardial lipid classes were altered, including downregulations of: cardiolipin, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, and upregulations of: lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were also altered. Alterations of lipids in paired myocardia and sera were closely correlated. Cardiolipin 70:5, cardiolipin 74:9 and ceramide d34:2 were tested as potential biomarkers of LVTA. The results indicate that there are common LVTA lipid profiles induced by MI and myocardial ion channel diseases, potentially offering novel LVTA-SCD therapeutic targets.
Correction: Self-template synthesis of hierarchical CoMoS3 nanotubes constructed of ultrathin nanosheets for robust water electrolysis
Authors: Guo Jinxue , Zhang Xinqun , Sun Yanfang , Tang Lin , Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2017

Correction for ‘Self-template synthesis of hierarchical CoMoS3 nanotubes constructed of ultrathin nanosheets for robust water electrolysis’ by Jinxue Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta02768k.
A Small Flower with Expansive Energy: A Proving of Zephyranthes rosea
Authors: Francisco Lori
Published: June 2017

To fill gaps in Jan Scholten's Plant System, several provings were done in February 2016 during a seminar in Panama. Zephyranthes rosea was one of the selected remedies for a trituration proving.
A Case of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Authors: Bidani Navneet
Published: June 2017

Personality disorders are a group of conditions characterised by an inability to get on with other people and learn from experience. People with a personality disorder may find that their beliefs and attitudes are different from those of most other people. Others may find their behaviour unusual, unexpected or perhaps offensive. In this article, we discuss a case of a 42-year-old man with schizotypal personality disorder with typical delusions of being abused and persecuted and subsequent formication. With a properly selected homeopathic medicine, the patient experienced symptom improvement in self-confidence, somatic complaints, stress and worry, anxiety and delusions, suggesting that homeopathy is quite useful in the treatment of such personality disorders.
A Case of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Authors: Coramai Laura
Published: June 2017

A case with chief complaints from cat allergies to fear and ‘bad attitude’ was addressed with Populus tremuloides. The case analysis applies Jan Scholten's Plant System by way of breaking down facets of the case as per Scholten's Element Theory as it is used in the Plant System. Main themes of the remedy are individualised in the case of the patient: hay fever (patient's cat allergy), lack of confidence/self-confidence, sensitive, loss of will power (suicidal depression, alcoholism, co-dependent relationships), ailments from being incomplete for the job, short-sighted, bankruptcy (bankruptcy in patient's family), unseen and unknown impressions/receiving impressions from other planes of reality (premonition of mother's death).
Bambusa and Burn-out
Authors: Leupen Alex
Published: June 2017

Alex Leupen has worked in the Homeopathic Doctors Centre in Utrecht, the Netherlands, since 1990. Eight colleagues work in this centre, including Jan Scholten. Alex is an experienced teacher (the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany) on the underlying systems in the plant families, animal kingdom, sarcodes, nosodes, fungi and the periodic table of the elements pertaining to homeopathic practice. In this article, he shares clinical tips.
Rationaler Antibiotikaeinsatz Daten aus dem mre-netz regio rhein-ahr aus einer Umfrage von 2014 und Vergleich mit bundesweiten Daten von 2009
Authors: Lendowski Luba , Walger Peter , Hoeser Christoph , Exner Martin , Roesing Claudia , Engelhart Steffen
Published: June 2017

Einführung Die Bedeutung von multiresistenten gramnegativen Erregern als Ursache von lebensbedrohlichen Infektionen lässt dem Antibiotic Stewardship höchste Bedeutung zukommen.

Ziel Erkennen von Schwächen bei Antibiotikaverschreibungen in Krankenhäusern und Vergleich zwischen 2009 und 2014.

Methoden Ein Fragebogen wurde 2014 an alle 380 Ärzte von 7 Krankenhäusern, der Grund-, Regel- und Maximalversorgung verteilt. Erfasst wurden berufliche Entwicklung, Funktion, Kenntnisstand und Vorhandensein und Einsatz von Regeln zum Umgang mit Antibiotika. Die 119 beantworteten Fragebögen von 2014 wurden mit den 3613 aus 2009 verglichen.

Ergebnisse 31% der Fragebögen wurden zurückgeschickt, 53,8% von Assistenzärzten, die Hälfte ohne Facharztanerkennung. 32,8% wurden von Oberärzten, 12,6% von Chefärzten beantwortet. 22.6% waren Internisten, 18,4% Chirurgen, 10,9% Urologen und 9,2% Anaesthesisten. Mehrheitlich wurden Antibiotika täglich verschrieben, von Assistenzärzten zu 66%. 23% der Assistenzärzte gaben an, täglich andere Kollegen zu beraten und 61% mind. 1-mal in der Woche. Der häufigste Anlass hierfür ist die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe (35), der Harnwegsinfekt (32) und die Pneumonie (29). Die Standarddauer der Gabe war 7 Tage bei Pneumonie, 5 Tage beim Harnwegsinfekt und 1 Tag bei der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe.In fast der Hälfte der Fälle wurde die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe auf 3, 5, 7,8 und 10 Tage ausgedehnt. 93,3% der Ärzte berichteten Antibiotikaleitlinien des eigenen Hauses oder von Fachgesellschaften zu benutzen. Nur 59,3% wussten über die Resistenzen an ihrem Arbeitsplatz Bescheid. 52,1% verschreiben Breitspektrumantibiotika ohne Rücksprache mit dem Oberarzt oder Chefarzt. Im Vergleich zu 2009 sind Kenntnisstand über Antibiotikaresistenzen des Hauses, Benutzung von Leitlinien und Rücksprache mit Ober- bzw. Chefarzt jeweils um ca. 5% angestiegen.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz Verbesserung im Vergleich zu 2009 kannten 38,9% der Befragten die antibiotische Resistenzlage in ihrem Haus nicht und die Hälfte aller Chirurgen setzte die perioperative Prophylaxe länger als 24 Stunden ein. Da die Bereitschaft antibiotische Leitlinien zu benutzen mit 93,3% sehr hoch ist, sollten diese ausgeweitet und regelmäßig an die Resistenzlage angepasst werden. Ferner sollte die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe länger als einen Tag wegen der zusätzlichen Nebenwirkungen ohne weiteren Benefit kritisch hinterfragt werden.
Methodological issues in the use of directional parallel corpora
Authors: Dupont Maïté , Zufferey Sandrine
Published: June 2017

The recent emergence of large parallel corpora has represented a leap ahead for cross-linguistic and translation studies. However, the specificities of these corpora and their influence on the nature of observed linguistic phenomena remain underexplored, especially in the field of contrastive linguistics. In this study, we compare the translation equivalences of four concessive adverbial connectives in English and in French across three corpora varying along three dimensions: register, directionality of the translation and translator expertise. Our results indicate that these dimensions affect the cross-linguistic equivalences observed between connectives. We conclude that, in future work, translation-based claims about cross-linguistic equivalences should be balanced according to the type of data analysed. We also identify a pressing need for more rigorously-documented parallel corpora for the English-French language pair.
Translaboration
Authors: Saadat Shabnam
Published: June 2017

Adopting a sociological approach, this article focuses on the interface between fandom and translation. It investigates the structural rules and resources driving and conditioning translation activity in post-revolutionary Iran and the consequences it might engender. The textual and paratextual data is collected from the official and parallel volunteer translations of A Song of Ice and Fire series by George R. R. Martin. It is argued that translaboration, a blended concept aligning the notions of translation and collaboration, in cyberspace is a response to the structurally imposed constraints, and an attempt to take control of discourse and to resist the state rules which instrumentalise translation to perpetuate the dominant discourse. This type of translaboration, which is outside the official translational policies of the state, delineates the expectations not being met by the officially published translation, and also demarcates the formal and informal norms. Drawing on their resources, the translaborators not only empower the source text to reach a wider readership without the mediation of the institutional structures of power, but also in turn are empowered by the translation.
‘Kandinsky-fying’ the law
Authors: Kathrani Paresh
Published: June 2017

Sources of law are made up of terms that, amongst other things, mediate between facts and different results, and it is the role of lawyers to explain or justify why a particular interpretation or permutation of a given term should be taken in a given case. Such terms do not exist in isolation, but are hugely contextual and play an integral role in intermediating between different potential outcomes. Therefore, the skill of carefully applying and using legal terms is one of the primary focuses of legal education and calls for a consideration of the intricate role that legal terms play in legal argumentation. However, sometimes this endeavour in the law classroom is affected by the focus placed on the meaning of individual terms, as opposed to the broader role they have in legal reasoning and the analysis of legal outcomes. In considering this, this paper draws a contrast between the way in which students sometimes use different legal and moral terms in the various roles in their lives outside of the classrooms and within, and contends that one of the reasons for this is the greater liberty that they feel in using different terms outside of the classroom. This paper contends that, pedagogically, a similar level of independence can be achieved through the collaborative translation of legal concepts into abstract art, by enabling students to take greater co-ownership of legal language. Specifically, it argues that Wassily Kandinsky’s art theory, with its emphasis on the spirit and emotions, can provide an effective framework for this.
Further Evidence of Cucurbit Host Specificity among Acidovorax citrulli Groups Based on a Detached Melon Fruit Pathogenicity Assay
Authors: Yan Lichun , Hu Baishi , Chen Gong , Zhao Mei , Walcott Ron R.
Published: June 2017

Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is a serious economic threat to cucurbit crop production worldwide. A. citrulli strains can be divided into two genetically distinct groups, with group I strains infecting a range of cucurbit species and group II strains being predominantly associated with watermelon. Group I and II A. citrulli strains differ in their arsenal of type III secreted (T3S) effector proteins and we hypothesize that these effectors are critical for cucurbit host preference. However, the pathogenicity or virulence assays used for A. citrulli, including infiltration of seedling cotyledons and mature fruit rind tissues with cell suspensions and spray inoculation of seedlings, lack the sensitivity to consistently distinguish strains of the two groups. Here, we describe an immature, detached melon fruit assay based on ‘Joaquin Gold’ melon (Syngenta, Rogers Brand) that clearly indicates differences in host specificity between group I and II A. citrulli strains. Using this assay, four group I strains (M6, AAC213-52, AAC213-55, and XJL12) induced typical water-soaked lesions in melon fruit rind tissue 7 to 10 days after pinprick inoculation. In contrast, four group II strains (AAC00-1, AAC213-44, AAC213-47, and AAC213-48) did not induce water-soaked lesions on detached melon fruit rinds during the same period. These data suggest that group I A. citrulli strains have a specific capacity to infect immature Joaquin Gold melon fruit, whereas group II strains do not. Interestingly, this differential pathogenicity phenotype was not observed on foliar seedling tissues of the same melon cultivar, suggesting that host preference of A. citrulli strains is specific to immature fruit tissues. Using the immature melon fruit inoculation assay, a T3S system mutant of the group I A. citrulli strain, M6 (M6ΔhrcV), failed to induce water soaking. This indicates that T3S effectors are involved in A. citrulli cucurbit host preference, and that this assay is suitable for future studies of unique T3S effectors that distinguish group I and II strains.
Risk of vascular events or death in different manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease: a 2-year follow-up study with a control group
Authors: Staszewski Jacek , Piusińska-Macoch Renata , Brodacki Bogdan , Skrobowska Ewa , Macek Katarzyna , Stępień Adam
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose

Natural course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has not yet been thoroughly studied. The aim of the single center study was to establish risk of vascular events or death in different manifestations of CSVD.

Methods

150 consecutive, functionally independent patients with marked MRI features of CSVD and with recent lacunar stroke (n=52, LS), 20 with deep hemorrhagic stroke (HS), 28 with vascular parkinsonism (VaP), 50 with vascular dementia (VaD) and 55 controls (CG) with high atherothrombotic risk free of cerebrovascular events were prospectively recruited and followed for 24 months.

Results

Mean age and sex distribution were similar in CSVD and CG but patients with CSVD were less likely to have CAD (19% vs 40%, p=0,02) and tended to have higher prevalence of diabetes (54% vs 37%, p=0,11). The risk of vascular events or death was increased in any patients with moderate to severe white matter lesions at baseline MRI (HR 2,0; 95%CI 0,85-7,2), in CSVD (4,56; 95%CI 1,3-14,9) vs CG, regardless of its clinical manifestation: LS or HS (HR 4,70; 95%CI 1,3-16,2) and VaD or VaP (HR 4,59; 95%CI 1,3-15,7).

Conclusions

Patients with symptomatic CSVD regardless of the clinical (acute or chronic) manifestation had more than fourfold the risk of vascular events or death in 24 months of observation compared with controls with high atherothrombotic risk free of cerebrovascular events.
Endogenous Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Aggression in Domestic Dogs
Authors: MacLean Evan L. , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Gruen Margaret E. , Sherman Barbara L. , Martin W. Lance , Carter C. Sue
Published: June 2017

Aggressive behavior in dogs poses public health and animal welfare concerns, however the biological mechanisms regulating dog aggression are not well understood. We investigated the relationships between endogenous plasma oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) – neuropeptides that have been linked to affiliative and aggressive behavior in other mammalian species – and aggression in domestic dogs. We first validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the measurement of free (unbound) and total (free + bound) OT and AVP in dog plasma. In Experiment 1 we evaluated behavioral and neuroendocrine differences between a population of pet dogs with a history of chronic aggression toward conspecifics and a matched control group. Dogs with a history of aggression exhibited more aggressive behavior during simulated encounters with conspecifics, and had lower free, but higher total plasma AVP than matched controls, but there were no group differences for OT. In Experiment 2 we compared OT and AVP concentrations between pet dogs and a population of assistance dogs that have been bred for affiliative and non-aggressive temperaments, and investigated neuroendocrine predictors of individual differences in social behavior within the assistance dog population. Compared to pet dogs, assistance dogs had higher free and total OT, but there were no differences in either measure for AVP. Within the assistance dog population, dogs who behaved more aggressively toward a threatening stranger had higher total AVP than dogs who did not. Collectively these data suggest that endogenous OT and AVP may play critical roles in shaping dog social behavior, including aspects of both affiliation and aggression.
Validation of Salivary Oxytocin and Vasopressin as Biomarkers in Domestic Dogs
Authors: MacLean Evan L. , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Gee Nancy , Levy Kerinne , Lance Martin W. , Carter C. Sue
Published: June 2017

Background

Oxytocin (OT) and Vasopressin (AVP) are phylogenetically conserved neuropeptides with effects on social behavior, cognition and stress responses. Although OT and AVP are most commonly measured in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), these approaches present an array of challenges including concerns related to the invasiveness of sample collection, the potential for matrix interference in immunoassays, and whether samples can be collected at precise time points to assess event-linked endocrine responses.

New Method

We validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the measurement of salivary OT and AVP in domestic dogs.

Results

Both OT and AVP were present in dog saliva and detectable by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). OT concentrations in dog saliva were much higher than those typically detected in humans. OT concentrations in the same samples analyzed with and without sample extraction were highly correlated, but this was not true for AVP. ELISA validation studies revealed good accuracy and parallelism, both with and without solid phase extraction. Collection of salivary samples with different synthetic swabs, or following salivary stimulation or the consumption of food led to variance in results. However, samples collected from the same dogs using different techniques tended to be positively correlated. We detected concurrent elevations in salivary and plasma OT during nursing.

Comparison with Existing Methods

There are currently no other validated methods for measuring OT/AVP in dog saliva.

Conclusions

OT and AVP are present in dog saliva, and ELISAs for their detection are methodologically valid.
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEX PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS
Authors: Chaudhuri Adwitiya , Hassan SK. Sarif
Published: June 2017

Two species predator-prey with stage structure of mature and immature mathematical models are studied over the last few decades.Xin-an Zhang et alstudied a mathematical model with stage structure of two species in 2010. In this article, an attempt has been made to comprehend the coupled predator-prey dynamics with mature-immature stage structure and compare the dynamics with the existing model. The present model studied byXin-an Zhang et alis purely realistic with assumptions of positive parameters. From the mathematical curiosity, we wonder to investigate the same with complex parameters and compared with the foreseen results. In addition, the present model is slightly modified to see some new dynamics of some additional fixed point including the previous fixed points.
Analysis of the survival capacity of mutual funds: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Fabregat-Aibar Laura , Terceño Antonio , Barberà-Mariné M. Glòria
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a literature review to determine which variables have the greatest impact on the survival capacity of mutual funds, and if these variables also have an influence on the various ways in which mutual funds disappear.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors carry out a systematic review of the literature on mutual funds and identify the main features that affect their capacity for survival.

Findings

The results show that most of the articles are based on data from the US market and that the two most studied variables are the return and the size of the fund. Furthermore, the relationship between the behaviour of variables and the disappearance of funds has mainly been analysed by comparing surviving and non-surviving funds, but without specifying the way in which they disappeared. Finally, the results show that there is no single methodology for examining the survival of funds.

Originality/value

In the financial literature, no previous literature review has focused on the factors that influence the survival capacity of mutual funds. The authors consider that this review will provide a broader and more realistic vision of the level of academic interest in this field and identify any gaps that exist in the literature available.
The Impact of Projected Climate Change Scenarios on Nitrogen Yield at a Regional Scale for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Goodall Jonathan L. , Bowes Benjamin D. , Girvetz Evan H.
Published: June 2017

Improved understanding of the potential regional impacts of projected climatic changes on nitrogen yield is needed to inform water resources management throughout the United States (U.S.). The objective of this research is to look broadly at watersheds in the contiguous U.S. to assess the potential regional impact of changes in precipitation (P) and air temperature (T) on nitrogen yield. The SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes model and downscaled P and T outputs from 14 general circulation models were used to explore impacts on nitrogen yield. Results of the analysis suggest that projected changes in P and T will decrease nitrogen yield for the majority of the contiguous U.S., including the watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico. Some regions, however, such as the Pacific Northwest and Northern California, are projected to face climatic conditions that, according to the model results, may increase nitrogen yield. Combining the projections of climate‐driven changes in nitrogen yield with projected changes in watershed nitrogen inputs could help water resource managers develop regionally specific, long‐term strategies to mitigate nitrogen pollution.
EMPIRE, COMMUNITY, AND CULTURE ON THE MIDDLE EUPHRATES. DURENES, PALMYRENES, VILLAGERS, AND SOLDIERS
Authors: KAIZER TED
Published: June 2017

The focus of this paper is on the Middle Euphrates: Dura-Europos as its best-known urban settlement; a series of villages known mostly from two papyrological dossiers situated along the river; and the military stations on the Euphrates. The paper asks questions about the impact (or lack of it) of the culture of Palmyra on the region's communities. It is argued that Dura-Europos remains our best case study for social and religious life in a Near Eastern small town under the Roman empire, and that the only evidence that actually makes the town look potentially ‘untypical’ is the idiosyncratic source material related to its Palmyrene inhabitants. The paper also questions the traditional periodization of Dura's history and puts forward the hypothesis that at two points during the so-called ‘Parthian phase’ Palmyrenes took advantage of a power vacuum along the Middle Euphrates and became the dominant military factor in the region.
Twelve‐month use of herbal medicines as a remedy for mental health problems in Japan: A cross‐national analysis of World Mental Health Survey data
Authors: Iwanaga Mai , Iwanaga Hiroo , Kawakami Norito ,   On behalf of the World Mental Health Japan Survey Group
Published: June 2017

Aim

The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequencies and sociodemographic and other characteristics around use of herbal medicine as a remedy for mental health problems in Japan.

Methods

Data from the World Mental Health Japan (WMHJ) Survey and US National Comorbidity Survey Replications were analyzed. The WMHJ was conducted in 2002 to 2006, with 4129 respondents. National Comorbidity Survey Replications was conducted in 2002 to 2003, with 9282 respondents. The interview asked the respondents about their use of several types of herbs for mental health problems. Frequencies of use of herbal medicine were compared between Japan and the United States. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine sociodemographic and mental health‐related correlates of 12‐month herbal medicine use. Relevant sampling weights were used to adjust for the sampling designs.

Results

The proportion for use of herbal medicines as a remedy for mental health problems in the past 12 months was lower (0.4%) in Japan than that in the United States (3.7%). Low education in both countries (P < .05) was significantly associated with nonuse of herbal medicine. Any anxiety disorder in Japan was significantly associated with herbal medicine use (P < .01), while any mental disorder categories were significantly associated in the United States (P < .01).

Discussion

The frequency for use of herbal medicine among patients with mental health problems in the past 12 months was much lower in Japan compared to the United States. Persons with high educational attainment and anxiety disorders used herbal medicine as a remedy for mental health problems more frequently in Japan.
The Arts as a Venue for Developmental Science: Realizing a Latent Opportunity
Authors: Goldstein Thalia R. , Lerner Matthew D. , Winner Ellen
Published: June 2017

Children in all cultures readily engage in artistic activities, yet the arts (dance, drama, drawing, and music) have traditionally been marginal topics in the discipline of developmental science. We argue that developmental psychologists cannot afford to ignore such naturalistic activities that involve so many basic phenomena—attention, engagement, motivation, emotion regulation, understanding of others, and so on. Despite historical issues with research methodologies and overdrawn conclusions, a current wave of methodologically rigorous studies shows the depth of arts learning, as well as how arts engagement can be harnessed for transfer to other skills. Here, we present 21 exemplary research case studies, covering an age range of 18 months to 17 years old and discuss how the arts are no more difficult to study than other real‐world developmental phenomena and deserve a thorough examination.
Behavioural implications of traditional treatment and closed‐loop automated insulin delivery systems in Type 1 diabetes: applying a cognitive restraint theory framework
Authors: Kahkoska A. R. , Mayer‐Davis E. J. , Hood K. K. , Maahs D. M. , Burger K. S.
Published: June 2017

As the prevalence of obesity in Type 1 diabetes rises, the effects of emerging therapy options should be considered in the context of both weight and glycaemic control outcomes. Artificial pancreas device systems will ‘close the loop’ between blood glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery and may transform day‐to‐day dietary management for people with Type 1 diabetes in multiple ways. In the present review, we draw directly from cognitive restraint theory to consider unintended impacts that closed‐loop systems may have on ingestive behaviour and food intake. We provide a brief overview of dietary restraint theory and its relation to weight status in the general population, discuss the role of restraint in traditional Type 1 diabetes treatment, and lastly, use this restraint framework to discuss the possible behavioural implications and opportunities of closed‐loop systems in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. We hypothesize that adopting closed‐loop systems will lift the diligence and restriction that characterizes Type 1 diabetes today, thus requiring a transition from a restrained eating behaviour to a non‐restrained eating behaviour. Furthermore, we suggest this transition be leveraged as an opportunity to teach people lifelong eating behaviour to promote healthy weight status by incorporating education and cognitive reappraisal. Our aim was to use a transdisciplinary approach to highlight critical aspects of the emerging closed‐loop technologies relating to eating behaviour and weight effects and to promote discussion of strategies to optimize long‐term health in Type 1 diabetes via two key outcomes: glycaemic control and weight management.
The Performance of Market‐Timing Strategies of Italian Mutual Fund Investors
Authors: Borri Nicola , Cagnazzo Alberto
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we show that simple buy‐and‐hold strategies over‐perform market‐timing strategies effectively used by Italian investors in equity mutual funds. We estimate returns from market‐timing strategies using aggregate data on net flows for a large sample of equity mutual funds, available to Italian investors, that buy stocks in the following markets: Europe and the euro area, the United States and Emerging markets. In all cases, buy‐and‐hold over‐performs market‐timing with extra returns that go from 0.24 per cent per quarter (Europe and euro area) to 0.87 per cent per quarter (US market). These differences are not explained by differences in risk and risk exposure. Investors should re‐consider their investment strategies and choose cheaper, in terms of fees and simpler, in terms of portfolio allocation, passive strategies.
Spontaneous intercostal artery bleeding in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Durey Areum , Kim Young Sam , Kim Ah Jin
Published: June 2017

Spontaneous rupture of an intercostal artery (ICA) is a rare but could be a life‐threatening emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention for optimal outcome. We report a patient presented with swelling in his right‐side back which started immediately after scheduled hemodialysis and continued to increase in size. Contrast computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue attenuated lesion with internal enhancing dots which suggested expanding hematoma with active bleeding. Arteriography detected focal contrast extravasation from seventh ICA, and transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully done. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing spontaneous bleeding of ICA in a hemodialysis patient.
Disclosure Narratives of Women Living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Iwelunmor Juliet , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Sofolahan‐Oladeinde Yewande , Conserve Donaldson , Airhihenbuwa Collins O.
Published: June 2017

This study explored the disclosure narratives of women living with HIV (WLWH) to establish how they make sense of the stigmatized identity associated with HIV and decisions to conceal or reveal knowledge of their seropositive status to others. Forty‐eight WLWH participated in seven focus group discussions (with 42 participants) and six in‐depth interviews about their experiences with living with HIV and disclosure of their HIV seropositive status. The results suggest three key themes highlighting: (1) how HIV disrupted the identities of some of the participants, (2) how disclosure tested the strength of identities and relationships, and (3) how WLWH coped with HIV and disclosure. The findings help to reveal experiences that typically remain implicit or unrecognized as WLWH unite their past, with the present and a future identity, where HIV is moved from the foreground into the background.
Managing the Concealable Stigma of Criminal Justice System Involvement: A Longitudinal Examination of Anticipated Stigma, Social Withdrawal, and Post–Release Adjustment
Authors: Moore Kelly E. , Tangney June P.
Published: June 2017

People with concealable stigmatized identities, such as a criminal record, often anticipate stigma from others. Anticipated stigma is thought to cause withdrawal from situations in which there is the potential for discrimination, which then negatively impacts behavior and functioning. This may have implications for offenders reentering the community, possibly hindering community integration and encouraging maladaptive behavior postrelease. Drawing upon a sample of 197 male jail inmates, we examine a theoretical model in which anticipated stigma during incarceration predicts behavioral outcomes 1 year after release from jail (i.e., recidivism, substance use disorder symptoms, mental health symptoms, community adjustment) through social withdrawal. Anticipated stigma during incarceration predicted social withdrawal three months postrelease, which then predicted more mental health problems 1 year postrelease. Stigma resistance and optimism buffered the effect of anticipated stigma on social withdrawal. Race moderated multiple paths in the model, suggesting that the relations between anticipated stigma, social withdrawal, and adjustment are more pronounced for White offenders.
Effect of Stigma and Concealment on Avoidant‐Oriented Friendship Goals
Authors: Lattanner Micah R. , Richman Laura Smart
Published: June 2017

In this research, we propose a hypothesized model that outlines pathways by which stigma impacts interpersonal behavior within close relationships through avoidant‐oriented friendship goals. We also examine how stigma concealment moderates the extent to which these avoidant goals are activated. In Study 1, among people with mental illness (PWMI), the relationship between internalized stigma and self‐silencing was mediated by avoidant‐oriented friendship goals. In Study 2, experimentally making stigmatized identity salient increased the endorsement of avoidant‐oriented friendship goals, particularly for people relatively high in concealment. Collectively, these studies highlight a social dilemma encountered by PWMI; what may be adaptive regulatory responses to stigmatization can motivate behavior that has negative effects in close relationships.
Survey: nutrition, body condition and activities of dogs in Switzerland
Authors: Gerstner K. , Liesegang A.
Published: June 2017

Interest in species‐appropriate activities and nutrition of dogs increases. A huge variety of feedstuff available, myths and different feeding theories confuse dog owners and lead to inadequate nutrition of their pets. As one result, obesity in pets can be observed with a high incidence in veterinary practice. Although comorbidities of obesity are well known, only few pet owners realize consequently the necessity of weight reduction to support their pet's health. We hypothesized that pet owners in Switzerland underestimate body condition of their dogs and are unsure about how to manage nutritional challenges. This study assessed the current nutrition, owner's perception of body weight and body condition score (BCS) of their dog. At a dog exhibition, dog owners filled in a questionnaire on age, breed, activity, housing, nutrition and source of information for questions concerning nutrition. Owners evaluated the BCS with the help of a poster and determined the ideal weight of their dog. Body weight was measured and BCS evaluated by two veterinarians. The study included 43 bitches [25 (58%) spayed] and 35 male dogs [21 (60%) neutered] with an age of 4.7 ± 3.6 years (mean ± STD). Average current body weight was 18.9 kg ± 14.1 and corresponded approximately to the ideal body weight estimated by the owners (18.6 kg ± 14.1). Four (5%) of the dogs were judged by the owners to be underweight, 55 (70%) ideal, 14 (18%) overweight and five (6%) obese. Owner's evaluation of BCS averaged 4.54 ± 1.13; veterinary's evaluation was significantly higher with 5.20 ± 1.20 (difference of 0.77 ± 0.59; P < 0.05). Although the awareness of the importance of adequate nutrition and activity for pets is rising among pet owners, they are overwhelmed by the variety of diets and sources of information available. This might lead to malnutrition and identifies a clear need for competent specialists of pet nutrition.