bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the equation for predicting dry matter intake of lactating dairy cows in the Korean feeding standards for dairy cattle
Authors: Lee Mingyung , Lee Junsung , Jeon Seoyoung , Park Seong-Min , Ki Kwang-Seok , Seo Seongwon
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to validate and evaluate the dry matter (DM) intake prediction model of the Korean feeding standards for dairy cattle (KFSD).Methods: The KFSD DM intake (DMI) model was developed using a database containing the data from the Journal of Dairy Science from 2006 to 2011 (1,065 observations 287 studies). The development (458 observations from 103 studies) and evaluation databases (168 observations from 74 studies) were constructed from the database. The body weight (kg; BW), metabolic BW (BW0.75, MBW), 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM), forage as a percentage of dietary DM, and the dietary content of nutrients (% DM) were chosen as possible explanatory variables. A random coefficient model with the study as a random variable and a linear model without the random effect was used to select model variables and estimate parameters, respectively, during the model development. The best-fit equation was compared to published equations, and sensitivity analysis of the prediction equation was conducted. The KFSD model was also evaluated using in vivo feeding trial data.Results: The KFSD DMI equation is 4.103 (±2.994)+0.112 (±0.022)×MBW+0.284 (±0.020) ×FCM–0.119 (±0.028)×neutral detergent fiber (NDF), explaining 47% of the variation in the evaluation dataset with no mean nor slope bias (p>0.05). The root mean square prediction error was 2.70 kg/d, best among the tested equations. The sensitivity analysis showed that the model is the most sensitive to FCM, followed by MBW and NDF. With the in vivo data, the KFSD equation showed slightly higher precision (R2 = 0.39) than the NRC equation (R2 = 0.37), with a mean bias of 1.19 kg and no slope bias (p>0.05).Conclusion: The KFSD DMI model is suitable for predicting the DMI of lactating dairy cows in practical situations in Korea.
Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado Baseado em Redes Heterogêneas para Agrupamento de Textos
Authors: Santos José , Rossi Rafael
Published: November 2020

As representações em redes permitem modelar diferentes tipos de relações entre textos, são capazes de capturar padrões dificilmente capturados pelo modelo espaço vetorial, e algoritmos de agrupamento em redes, como a propagação de rótulos, possuem complexidade linear. Porém, o agrupamento em redes não tem sido explorado (i) especificamente no agrupamento de textos; e (ii) com as diferentes possibilidades de representar textos em redes. Com isso, o objetivo deste artigo é a exploração e análise de técnicas de agrupamento aplicadas a diferentes tipos de representações em redes. Foram realizados experimentos utilizando 30 coleções de diferentes domínios, representadas em formato bag-of-words, redes de similaridade do tipo k-Nearest Neighbors e redes bipartidas. A abordagem de propagação de rótulos em redes de similaridade obteve os melhores resultados para a maioria das medidas de avaliação e para a maioria das coleções de textos. O algoritmo de propagação de rótulos demonstrou-se promissor, principalmente quando aplicado a redes de similaridade.
Computação em Nuvem e Aprendizado de Máquina para Análise de Grandes Volumes de Dados Educacionais
Authors: Neto Francisco , Silva Romero , Gouveia Roberta , Batista Maria , Oliveira Igor
Published: November 2020

Este artigo descreve a aplicação de aprendizado de máquina supervisionado e não supervisionado em grandes volumes de dados abertos governamentais do INEP, por meio dos algoritmos K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest e K-means. A metodologia fundamenta-se nos processos CRISP-DM e KDD, sendo necessária a utilização da plataforma em nuvem DataBricks, além das tecnologias de clusters Hadoop e Apache Spark. Tais tecnologias proporcionaram alto poder de processamento para execução dos experimentos, o que viabilizou a avaliação de desempenho dos modelos e a descoberta de conhecimento da educação básica brasileira.
A Cooking Recipe Multi-Label Classification Approach for Food Restriction Identification
Authors: Britto Larissa , Pacífico Luciano , Oliveira Emilia , Ludermir Teresa
Published: November 2020

Recipe sharing websites have become very popular in the past years, allowing individuals to use such systems in an attempt to find a desired recipe. But sometimes finding recipes which best fit the user's wishes, while still satisfying his food restrictions, may become a very time consuming and difficult task. In this work, we propose a recipe multi-label classification approach as part of a recipe recommendation system for people with food restrictions, in an attempt to automatically identify whether an input recipe or list of ingredients fits into one or more food restrictions, satisfying both user's expectations and needs. The experimental evaluation includes two approaches for feature selection, as a manner to reduce the computational costs for the proposed system.
Statistical analysis of small twitter data collection to identify dengue outbreaks
Authors: Euzebio Carlos , Agy Sidney , Boldorini Jr. Claudio , Porto Lucas , Alcarás José Renato , Martinez Alexandre , Ruiz Evandro
Published: November 2020

This study presents an algorithmic strategy to analyze a small set of social network information to monitor the dengue disease. Previous studies have achieved similar results based on large datasets of Twitter microblogs. In this study, we successfully map dengue cases using a small data collection of tweets from a medium-size city. A set of modules were constructed to collect, categorize, and display dengue-related tweets. We compared the collected tweets with real data from confirmed dengue cases. We showed a significant correlation between the number of confirmed dengue cases and the number of dengue-related tweets, even considering such a small dataset. The results of this approach may be relevant in public health policies.
Evaluation of Post-hoc Explanations for Malaria Detection
Authors: Araújo Vinícius , Marinho Leandro
Published: November 2020

It has been advocated that post-hoc explanation techniques are crucial for increasing the trust in complex Machine Learning (ML) models. However, it is so far not well understood whether such explanation techniques are useful or easy for users to understand. In this work, we explore the extent to which SHAP’s explanations, a state-of-the-art post-hoc explainer, help humans to make better decisions. In the malaria classification scenario, we have designed an experiment with 120 volunteers to understand whether humans, starting with zero knowledge about the classification mechanism, could replicate the complex ML classifier’s performance after having access to the model explanations. Our results show that this is indeed the case, i.e., when presented with the ML model outcomes and the explanations, humans can improve their classification performance, indicating that they understood how the ML model makes its decisions.
Current State of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Authors: Olanrewaju Oludolapo , Ajiboye Babarinde Sunday , Salihu Comfort
Published: November 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been applied to various aspects of construction processes in developed countries but Nigeria is yet to realize the full potentials of BIM. It has greater relevance for the commercial and public subsectors as it enhances construction productivity. This study examines current state of BIM in the Nigerian construction industry. The study adopted quantitative research approach by eliciting primary data through questionnaire which was administered to 150 respondents, of which 90 were returned and considered valid for further analysis. The data were analysed using mean item score and correlation. It was revealed that BIM awareness level is only high at the design stage of a building life cycle while it is extremely low at the construction and facility management stages. Also, the commonly used BIM compliant software packages in the Nigerian construction industry were identified to be: Autodesk Quantity Takeoff, Revit Architecture, and SketchUp. The study however recommends that: stakeholders of the construction industry should be educated on how to use BIM complaint software packages throughout the life cycle of a building and its benefits; Government should invest heavily on BIM related research so as to enhance the body of knowledge of BIM in Nigeria and develop a suitable framework for BIM implementation; federal Government should enact policies that will encourage the implementation of BIM in Nigeria.
Agropolitan Project: Role in Rural Development and Poverty Eradication
Authors: Khairi Ismail Mohd , Siwar Chamhuri , Zahid Muhamad Muhamad
Published: November 2020

Theoretical discussions on vicious cycle of poverty shows poverty is a societal problem involving various factors and difficult to overcome. Hence, the efforts to resolve it are necessary as it gives negative impression to society and country. In Malaysia, poverty rate in rural areas remain higher than in urban areas. The situation has prompted the government to focus its efforts to eradicate poverty in the rural area. The Agropolitan project is an incentive by Malaysian government, introduced in 2007 to eradicate poverty in rural areas by increasing the income of participants. This chapter will consider the Agropolitan Project of Gahai, Malaysia as a case study. Discussion of the case study for Agropolitan Gahai Project has shown how its implementation can contribute to the alleviation through increasing income of participants whereby participants were not categorized poor and helped them move out of the vicious cycle of poverty.
Performance of Chitosan as Natural Coagulant in Oil Palm Mill Effluent Treatment
Authors: Djun Lee Man , San Lee Pui
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents the study on pollutant removal in palm oil mill effluent using chitosan as natural coagulant. Up until today, palm oil mill effluent (POME) considered one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. The characteristics of POME include contaminating the source of drinking water, which also harmful to the aquatic ecosystem by creating a highly acidic environment or causing eutrophication. With increasing public awareness of environmental pollution, it creates the need to address this issue. Chitosan is non-polluting food-based anionic and biodegradable biopolymer that are environmentally friendly useful in wastewater treatment. The critical parameter to determine the effectiveness of pollutants removal is chemical oxygen demand, color, and total suspended solids. This chapter also presents and discusses some of the significant findings to provide proper understandings and implications in this topic.
Driver Assistance Technologies
Authors: Kumar Sarkar Pradip
Published: November 2020

Topic: Driver Assistance Technology is emerging as new driving technology popularly known as ADAS. It is supported with Adaptive Cruise Control, Automatic Emergency Brake, blind spot monitoring, lane change assistance, and forward collision warnings etc. It is an important platform to integrate these multiple applications by using data from multifunction sensors, cameras, radars, lidars etc. and send command to plural actuators, engine, brake, steering etc. ADAS technology can detect some objects, do basic classification, alert the driver of hazardous road conditions, and in some cases, slow or stop the vehicle. The architecture of the electronic control units (ECUs) is responsible for executing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in vehicle which is changing as per its response during the process of driving. Automotive system architecture integrates multiple applications into ADAS ECUs that serve multiple sensors for their functions. Hardware architecture of ADAS and autonomous driving, includes automotive Ethernet, TSN, Ethernet switch and gateway, and domain controller while Software architecture of ADAS and autonomous driving, including AUTOSAR Classic and Adaptive, ROS 2.0 and QNX. This chapter explains the functioning of Assistance Driving Technology with the help of its architecture and various types of sensors.
Parallel Generalized Real Symmetric-Definite Eigenvalue
Problem
Authors: Sims James S. , Ruiz María Belén
Published: November 2020

A computationally fast Fortran 90+ quadruple precision portable parallel GRSDEP
(generalized real symmetric-definite eigenvalue problem) package suitable for large
(80,000 x 80,000 or greater) dense matrices is discussed in this paper.
APPLICATION OF «MICRO-PROCESSES» METHOD FOR MODELING HEAT CONDUCTION AND DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN CANONICAL BODIES
Authors: Fedosov Sergey V. , Bakanov Maxim O.
Published: November 2020

This paper shows that, in many technological processes, raw materials are subjected to high-temperature heat treatment and, in most cases, they have a geometric shape of the canonical form: a plate, a cylinder and a sphere. The convection drying process is considered as a typical heat and mass transfer process. The processes occurring under heat treatment conditions are reduced to transfer problems for an unbounded plate, cylinder, and ball with boundary conditions of the first kind, when the transfer potential (temperature, moisture content) is set on the surface of a solid. A number of expressions for calculations in the context of arbitrary distribution of initial values of transfer potentials as well as for uniform distributions are presented. It is shown that, when modeling heat and mass transfer processes in which the thermophysical characteristics of a solid body change significantly in the course of thermal treatment thereof, the use of already known solutions that have been previously developed becomes problematic. The «zonal» method and the «micro-processes» method are considered herein. It is shown that, for both methods, on the basis of experimental data referring to the dynamics of temperature and mass (moisture) content of the material over the course of the process, their dependences on the average (for the «zone» or «micro - process») temperatures and mass contents are determined. The next stage for calculations using the «zonal» method is formalization of the results obtained in the form of histograms of the values of mass conductivity coefficients from the average values of mass contents. For the «micro-processes» method, the kinetic curve can be used in calculations simultaneously. The smaller the range of measured values of temperatures and mass contents is the greater is the adequacy of calculated experimental data. It is emphasized that, under uneven initial conditions, analytical solutions to the heat transfer problem are usually presented in the form of infinite Fourier series. The convergence of the Fourier series deteriorates with decreasing time intervals. The great relevance of the application of the considered methods can be traced when modeling heat and mass transfer with intensive processes of phase transitions.
INVESTIGATION OF INHIBITOR INFLUENCE ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL STEELS
Authors: Rumyantseva Natalya P. , Belova Valeriya S. , Balmasov Anatoliy V.
Published: November 2020

The article considers the effect of a nitrogen-containing inhibitory additive on the corrosion indicators of structural steels (Steel 20, 30ХГСА, 40ХН2МА, 18Х2Н4ВА). The effectiveness of the inhibitor was studied by conducting corrosion tests in a solution of 3% sodium chloride using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The results of determining the current density and corrosion potential testify to the inhibition of the corrosion process after surface treatment of steels in an emulsion of cutting fluid used for machining parts. The introduction of a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound into the emulsion promotes surface passivation and enhances the inhibitory effect. Due to the introduction of additives for carbon steel 20, it is possible to reduce the corrosion current density by 2.5 times compared to machined samples and by 1.6 times compared to samples processed in an emulsion of cutting fluid without additives. After holding the studied steels in a solution of 3% sodium chloride a decrease in the iron content and an increase in the oxygen content are observed in the surface layer. For alloyed steels the surface is enriched with chromium. The results of gravimetric studies indicate that after processing the samples in a 3% emulsion of cutting fluid with the addition of a nitrogen-containing compound, the mass loss is reduced by almost 2.5 times for steels 20 and 18X2H4ВA, by 1.7 times in 30ХГСА, and by 1,3 times in 40XH2MA compared with samples after machining. The use of an inhibitor provides an increase in the duration of interoperational storage after machining of parts made from the investigated structural steels.
Identification of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 in soft wheat varieties
Authors: Sandetska N. V. , Radchenko O. M.
Published: November 2020

Aim. Analysis of the allelic composition of the csLV34 locus and the microsatellite locus Xgwm295 for the detection of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene, which determines the resistance of modern wheat varieties of domestic breeding of diseases: leaf rust and powdery mildew. Methods. Molecular genetic (DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis of amplification products) and phytopathological methods. Results. A study of soft wheat varieties of Ukrainian breeding was carried out. Two csLV34a and csLV34b alleles were identified that correlate with the absence and presence of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene. 17.6 % of the cultivars tested were found to have the csLV34b allele, which is associated with the presence of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene and resistance to brown rust. Conclusions. PCR revealed six varieties of soft wheat that contain the allele csLV34b, which is associated with the presence of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1. The information obtained can be used in breeding programs to create new varieties resistant to disease. Keywords: leaf rust, powdery mildew, soft wheat, polymerase chain reaction, varieties, stability.
To the question of the role of environmental and hereditary factors in the formation of hypomenstrual syndrome in girls
Authors: Bagatska N. V. , Nefidova V. E. , Druginina A. E.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To study environmental factors and heredity in families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome. Methods. Clinical and genealogical analysis was conducted in 66 families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome (HMS) in the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The data were analyzed statistically using Excel and SPSS Statistics 17.0 programs. Results. Based on the clinical and genealogical analysis conducted in families of sick girls, negative environmental factors (mother's bad habits before pregnancy, pathological course of pregnancy and Caesarean section for medical reasons in mothers of girls; stress of girls at educational institution, Internet addiction etc.) have been determined. Family accumulation of gynecological (non inflammatory) and endocrine diseases has been established. Conclusions. Negative environmental factors and hereditary burden concerning gynecological pathology in 59.1 % of families have been set, and transfer of pathological signs was likely more frequently observed by the maternal line (79.2 %) than by paternal line (8.3 %) and both lines simultaneously (12.5 %). The incidence of gynecological diseases in 5.7 times, and endocrine – in 1.8 times exceeded their frequency in relatives of healthy girls.

Keywords: girls, hypomenstrual syndrome, genealogical, environmental factors and heredity.
Influence of bacterial melanine on morphological indicators of seeds germination of high-decorative species of flora of Belarus
Authors: Bashilov A. V. , Shutava H. G. , Ovsepyan A. S. , Avetisyan S. V.
Published: November 2020

Aim. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of a biological product based on the melaninogenic strain of Bacillus thuringiensis on germination and morphological parameters of highly decorative species of the flora of Belarus, promising for landscaping in the urban environment. Methods. Seed germination in laboratory conditions used  with soaking in solutions of bacterial melanin in concentrations of 0.04, 0.025, 0.01%. Water and Terrasil at a concentration of 0.01 was used for a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness. Results. Morphological parameters were estimated during germination of the seeds of Verbascum thapsus L., Verbascum nigrum L., Centaurea scabiosa L., Betonica officinalis L., Viscaria vulgaris Bernh. treated with various concentrations of the stimulant. Conclusions. The effect of the bacterial melanin on the morphological parameters of plants was species- and dospecific. The optimal concentration for use on the studied plants should include concentrations up to 0.025%. The most pronounced effect of the use of the drug was revealed in the first days of seed germination, which allows the use of bacterial melanin to increase the germination of seedlings.

Keywords: bacterial melanin, stimulant, seed germination, highly decorative species of flora.
Population structure of Triticum aestivum L. of the Steppe of Ukraine at the storage protein loci in different periods of breeding
Authors: Kozub N. O. , Sozinov O. I. , Chaika V. M. , Bidnyk H. Ya. , Demianova N. O. , Sozinova O. I. , Janse L. A. , Karelov A. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2020

Aim. Frequencies of alleles at storage protein loci and the population structure were studied in groups of winter common wheat cultivars developed in different periods of time in the leading breeding center of the Steppe of Ukraine, the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (PBGI). Methods. Storage protein allele frequencies were analyzed in 167 PBGI cultivars divided into three groups based on the registration time: before 1996, from 1996 till 2010, an after 2010. APAG electrophoresis of gliadins was performed by the procedure of Kozub et al. 2009. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits were analyzed by SDS-electrophoresis according to Laemmli. The population structure was studied using the STRUCTURE software. Results. Changes in the population structure of PBGI cultivars were revealed: in the group of cultivars developed after 2010, the change of the predominant cluster took place in comparison with the cultivars released before 1996. Changes of frequencies of certain alleles at the studied loci in groups of cultivars developed in different periods of time were correlated with changes of the average annual temperature in the periods of development of these cultivars. Conclusions. Temporal changes of frequencies of certain alleles at storage protein loci are most probably caused by global warming. The increase in the contribution of germplasm from regions with higher temperatures may be expected for breeding of common wheat cultivars ins the Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: common wheat, alleles, gliadins, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, global warming.
Actinomycetes strain Streptomyces sp. Je 1-42: phylogenetic analysis, biological activity and secondary metabolite profile
Authors: Tistechok S. I. , Datsyuk Yu. R. , Fedorenko O. V. , Gromyko O. M.
Published: November 2020

Aim. Screening of new natural bioactive molecules is one of the effective approach in combating multidrug-resistant pathogens and tumor cells. The aim of this work was to study the taxonomic characteristic, biological activity and secondary metabolites production of isolate Je 1-42 from the rhizosphere of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. Methods. Microbiological, molecular genetic, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy methods were used in this work. Results. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, microbiological and physiological characterization the isolate Je 1-42 has been affiliated to the genus Streptomyces. The isolate Je 1-42 showed a wide range of antibacterial activity. The antibiotics desertomycin A, kanchanamycin A, butylcycloheptylprodigiosine and spectinabilin were annotated in the Je 1-42 extract using dereplication analysis in the database DNP. Conclusions. Actinomycetes strain Streptomyces sp. Je 1-42 is an antagonist of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, fungi and produces antibiotics desertomycin A, canchanamycin A, butylcycloheptylprodigiozin, spectinabilin, which has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The production of these compounds obviously determines the ability of Je 1-42 to inhibit the growth of a wide range of bacteria and fungi. The strain of Streptomyces sp. Je 1-42 was deposited in the Microbial Culture Collection of Antibiotics Producers at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (collection number Lv 1-042).

Keywords: Streptomyces, secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity, phylogenetic analysis.
Exploring relational connections and the emergence of shared leadership in experiential agencies
Authors:   , Abson Emma
Published: November 2020

This exploratory and cross-sectional study focussed on the specific setting of experiential event agencies and explored leadership through the lens of the ‘post-heroic’ leadership theories, in particular the theory of shared leadership. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, the investigation took the form of a collective case study, using a constructionist grounded theory approach to guide the data collection, analysis and theory development. The research explores the way in which leadership is shared among team members within three experiential event agencies. Despite the growing body of research which indicates that shared leadership has a positive effect on team performance and team effectiveness, there has yet to have been any research that explores the conditions which enable shared leadership to be practiced in the context of cross functional, interdependent, project based teams such as those found in experiential agencies. This, coupled with the lack of empirical research around the form and function of the leadership within the event industry, forms the background to this research. This thesis addresses these gaps in knowledge by identifying which conditions of work enable shared leadership to become a useful process in project based event organisations. The study therefore responds to the following overarching question: ‘How is leadership shared in an experiential agency?’ The analysis of the data collected from the three case studies resulted in the emergence of a new theory of relational connections and the emergence of shared leadership. The theory suggests that shared leadership develops through relational connections within organisations, and demonstrates that the relationships between individuals within these organisations are the cornerstone of effective participation in shared leadership. This research is the first to closely examine the nature of workplace 5 relationships in the context of shared leadership and, in particular, it has illuminated how these connections are constructed through a sense of belonging in the workplace and trust between team members. The developed theory therefore reveals the dynamics that underpin shared leadership and gives a clear understanding of how these relational connections are constructed. In doing so, it indicates that shared leadership is an influence process that emerges from interactions, and resides in the relationships that exist in work groups. This study has therefore engaged with the complex – and topical - problems of how shared leadership emerges and the processes of leadership within experiential agencies, and has provided new empirical material which is important from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Seuils et entre-deux dans l’oeuvre d’Henri Bosco
Authors: Squatrito Stefana
Published: November 2020

Portés à l’introversion et souvent solitaires, les héros des romans de Henri Bosco semblent toujours hésiter entre un « ici » rassurant et protecteur et un « au-delà » fascinant, mais inquiétant, parce qu’inconnu. Entre ces deux univers antithétiques, surgissent des seuils, des frontières ou des limites qui représentent, pour les protagonistes, autant d’attirances et de tentations, et qui font survenir, dans leurs esprits, un besoin urgent de les franchir. Ces seuils jouent un rôle capital pour l’imagination poétique car ils sont les éléments déclencheurs qui permettent la progression – dans une optique initiatique – de la diégèse. Dans cet article, nous analysons différents types de seuils : les simples frontières topologiques qui ont le pouvoir de séparer et / ou d’unir deux espaces ; les seuils temporels ; les situations liminaires au niveau des états de conscience, comme tous les états intermédiaires entre le sommeil et la veille, très fréquents dans l’oeuvre de Bosco. Nous concluons sur le franchissement du seuil corporel qui aboutit à des expériences liminaires entre la conscience et le délire hallucinatoire.
Meursault entre voix et texte : la monotonie de la ponctuation dans L’Étranger d’Albert Camus
Authors: Cagnan Edoardo
Published: November 2020

On remarque dans L’Étranger un emploi surprenant de la ponctuation : Camus semble privilégier une ponctuation « structurelle » (point, virgule, deux-points, point-virgule et tiret) plutôt qu’une ponctuation « expressive » (point d’exclamation, point d’interrogation, points de suspension), en particulier dans des séquences de discours rapporté. Cette « monotonie de la ponctuation » empêche le lecteur d’entendre la voix qui précède le texte et celle qui rapporte les discours : elle les déforme en leur attribuant un autre ton et, parfois, un sens différent. Rare mais systématique, cette perturbation de l’énonciation est significative s’agissant du personnage de Meursault et du récit en général. Cet article analyse ces phénomènes de ponctuation, qui permettent de décrire le rapport absurde du narrateur au langage et de comprendre le rapport ironique de l’auteur à son style, l’écriture blanche constituant un processus de distanciation de lui-même.
Masculinidades e violência entre parceiros íntimos: um enfoque relacional
Authors: Diniz Caetano Da Providência Santos , Lang Daniel Welzer- , Guinot Serge
Published: November 2020

Este estudo discute a relação entre as masculinidades e a violência entre parceiros íntimos a partir do enfoque relacional o qual a considera um problema humano que vai além das explicações centradas nas questões de gênero enquanto principal modelo explicativo. A violência entre parceiros íntimos é compreendida enquanto produto da dinâmica do casal e tenderia a ocorrer de maneira recíproca. Segundo este enfoque, o jogo que se estabelece na relação infringe ao outro danos que podem ser resultado tanto de recursos físicos quanto de estratégias de dominação como a argumentação, a humilhação, o apelo emocional, a manipulação e a chantagem, as quais independem do gênero do parceiro, de forma que na dinâmica conjugal os papeis de dominador e dominado não podem ser associados a priori ao homem ou à mulher. Conclui-se que o enfoque relacional pode contribuir para uma compreensão mais ampla acerca de como ambos os parceiros atuam na produção e manutenção da violência.
Altered hippocampal-prefrontal communication during anxiety-related avoidance in mice deficient for the autism-associated gene Pogz
Authors: Cunniff Margaret M , Markenscoff-Papadimitriou Eirene , Ostrowski Julia , Rubenstein John LR , Sohal Vikaas Singh
Published: November 2020

Many genes have been linked to autism. However, it remains unclear what long-term changes in neural circuitry result from disruptions in these genes, and how these circuit changes might contribute to abnormal behaviors. To address these questions, we studied behavior and physiology in mice heterozygous for Pogz, a high confidence autism gene. Pogz+/- mice exhibit reduced anxiety-related avoidance in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Theta-frequency communication between the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is known to be necessary for normal avoidance in the EPM. We found deficient theta-frequency synchronization between the vHPC and mPFC in vivo. When we examined vHPC–mPFC communication at higher resolution, vHPC input onto prefrontal GABAergic interneurons was specifically disrupted, whereas input onto pyramidal neurons remained intact. These findings illustrate how the loss of a high confidence autism gene can impair long-range communication by causing inhibitory circuit dysfunction within pathways important for specific behaviors.
The Effects of the Working Environment of Firefighters on the Quality of Life
Authors: Choi Hee-Chul
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to contribute to the preparation of an action plan for the improvement of the quality of life of firefighters at the individual level by examining how the working environment as perceived by firefighters affects their quality of life. To this end, this study conducted a survey that used purposive sampling targeting 201 fire-fighting officers in Incheon. The survey results showed that of the sub-variables of the working environment of firefighters, monetary rewards, challenges, and promotion had a significant influence on the quality of life. Based on the results, this study suggested various action plans that can support the working environment and improve the quality of life of firefighters.
A Study on the Relationship between Firefighters Disease and Health Status
Authors: Kang Ho-Jung , Byun Sung-Ho , Mun Chul-Hwan , Choi Yu-Jung , Choi Jae-Wook
Published: November 2020

Considering the age and longer service time of firefighters who have a substantial amount of field activities, they are exposed to chemical and biological risk factors, physical and mental stress, diverse and complex work environments, and repetitive motions, which may increase the rates of gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, based on the regular specific health examination results for 215 firefighters who were working in the N fire department located in B metropolitan city, an analysis of occupational diseases was performed, which showed that the most common chronic disease was diabetes mellitus (28.8%), followed by hyperlipidemia (27.9%) and thoracic diseases (19.5%). This trend appears to be consistent with the incidence rates reported in a representative study of adult diseases in Korea. In addition, it was found that 82 officers maintained healthy states, while those who needed further medical inspection and those with clinical symptoms were more frequently exposed to disease when they were older and had longer service time; moreover, the fire captain and lieutenant had higher rates of disease.
Parametric Study of Matisaa Gray Rock as a Potential Clinker Material
Authors: Geoffrey Mwendwa , Isaac Motochi , Fredrick Otieno
Published: November 2020

This study aimed at evaluating Matisaa gray rock (MGR) for clinker production. MGR is naturally abundant in Matisaa, a rural area in Mwingi West District, Kitui county, Kenya. It is locally used as a gabion filler and other concrete structures with desirable physico-mechanical properties. This research employed a controlled experimental design to determine the clinker qualification of MGR. This was based on particle size analysis and raw meal moduli. The standard sieve tests and a Blaine meter were used in the determination of particle size while the raw meal moduli were determined from the respective cement oxides in MGR, which were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. It was observed that 69.65% of the particle size composition of MGR was less than 90 . Out of this composition, 71.60% of the particle sizes were less than 45 , contributing to a specific surface area of 292.5 . The hydraulic modulus (2.05 – 2.61) and lime saturation factor (0.87 – 0.98) are quite desirable though the silica and alumina ratios are higher than the standard range due to the low proportions of  and  content. The sulfatisation modulus is also undesirable due to the high content of . Thus, without beneficiation, Matisaa gray rock would lead to the production of low-quality clinker. However, the general parametric comparison of Matisaa gray rock with Konza shows that it has the potential for utilization as a clinker raw material.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Chaudhary Preeti , Vivek . , Naresh R. K. , Dhyani B. P. , Chandra M. Sharath
Published: November 2020

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. during kharif (July –October), 2019 in randomised block design with three replications. The study comprised of ten different statistical treatments for weed management practices in transplanted rice and various observations were recorded during the crop growth period. The results indicated that the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT significantly reduced the weed population and dry weight over weedy check. The highest plant height, number of tillers (m-2), dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, panicle length, filled grains, unfilled grains, higher protein content, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (38.80 q ha-1), were recorded with the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, which established itssuperiority over rest of the herbicidal treatments. Among weed management treatments, Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT (T8) found excellent to control weed population and increase growth parameter, yield attributes and crop productivity.
Effect of Peppermint Oil among Sleep Apnea Individuals
Authors: Jayadharani C. , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: November 2020

Sleep disturbance or disruption is common among patients within the age limit 25-45. They often feel tired during the day time. During wakefulness which also causes sleep problems. Sleep disturbance associated with the sense of well-being, health, emotion regulation, and productivity, memory and cognitive functions. The main aim of this study is to prove the impact of peppermint oil on sleep apnea. The sample size of this study was 25 individuals and they were selected randomly. The peppermint oil is taken in a few amounts and massaged in the forehead while before sleeping. They were instructed to apply 2-3drops of oil on their forehead or spray on the pillow before going to bed. This has to be followed for 30 days. The sleeping hours and sleeping disturbances were recorded before and after using oil inhalation. Before the use of peppermint oil the sleeping hours was an average of 6.4±0.82 and after the use of peppermint oil the sleeping hours increased to an average of 7.1±1.03. Before the use of peppermint oil Sleep disturbances were of average 3.3±1.02 and after the use of peppermint oil the sleeping disturbances have been decreased to an average of 2.1±0.92. Data was collected and analysed using statistics. Peppermint oil has an effect on sleep apnea and it helps to overcome. From this study, it can be seen that a positive perception has been obtained towards the population.
miR‐34a‐5p up‐regulates the IL‐1β/COX2/PGE2 inflammation pathway and induces the release of CGRP via inhibition of SIRT1 in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Xue‐mei , Zong Dan‐dan , Ji Xiao‐ying , Jiang Hua , Zhang Feng‐zheng , He Sheng‐dong
Published: November 2020

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition, with a global prevalence rate of 10.68% in men and 18.79% in women. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying migraines is of great importance for improving the quality of life of patients. The release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal nerve terminals is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Recent studies have shown that up‐regulation of miR‐34a‐5p expression is associated with acute migraine attacks. Here, we investigated whether alteration of the expression of miR‐34a‐5p induces the release of the vasoactive peptide CGRP. We isolated primary rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and performed gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays to alter the expression level of miR‐34a‐5p. Down‐regulation of miR‐34a‐5p inhibited the expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)/cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), decreased IL‐1β, PGE2 and CGRP release, and up‐regulated the expression of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in trigeminal ganglion, whereas overexpression of miR‐34a‐5p enhanced the expression of IL‐1β/COX2/PGE2, increased the release of IL‐1β, PGE2 and CGRP, and decreased the expression of SIRT1 in trigeminal ganglion. In addition, overexpression of miR‐34a‐5p induced apoptosis in primary rat trigeminal neurons. In summary, these findings suggest that miR‐34a‐5p up‐regulates the IL‐1β/COX2/PGE2 inflammation pathway, induces apoptosis and enhances release of CGRP via inhibition of SIRT1 expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons; thus, miR‐34a‐5p may have potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of migraine.
Gaze behaviour of experienced and novice beach lifeguards – An exploratory in situ study
Authors: Vansteenkiste Pieter , Lenoir Matthieu , Bourgois Jan G.
Published: November 2020

For lifeguards, recognizing a swimmer in trouble is a key factor in the rescue process. Although reports show that lifeguards outperform non‐lifeguards in their surveillance task, it is unclear to what extent this difference is reflected in gaze behaviour. In the current study, gaze behaviour of nine novice and seven experienced beach lifeguards was recorded for 45 min while they were on active duty. Results showed that fixation duration of experienced lifeguards was longer and more variable than that of novice lifeguards, and that these differences were more pronounced when looking at the task‐relevant region (i.e., swimming zone). Compared to experienced lifeguards, novices were found to be more distracted by the task‐irrelevant regions when there were more people swimming. These findings suggest that experienced lifeguards use a more flexible and task‐related gaze strategy, and that there might be differences in visual information processing between novice and experienced beach lifeguards.
COVID‐19 experience reinforces theory that negative emotions drive alcohol use
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2020

A concept that the director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) coined in 2010 to characterize the swirl of negative emotions experienced during substance withdrawal is resurfacing to help explain the worsening health threats that have come to light in this most challenging year of 2020.
CleanSlate Centers charged with fraud in venture capital case
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2020

In a 115‐page complaint against CleanSlate Centers filed last month in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, the chain of buprenorphine treatment providers is charged with fraud, conspiracy and more. The complaint is from the United States, Indiana and Massachusetts, brought also by Wendy Welch, M.D., as the “relator.” Welch reviewed CleanSlate's charts and identified numerous dangerous combinations of drugs indicating relapse, without any change in care or even acknowledgment by CleanSlate medical professionals, according to the complaint.
Walmart suing government in preemptive strike over opioids
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2020

Walmart doesn't want to be the next victim to have to declare bankruptcy under the weight of opioid lawsuits by government, so it is taking a preemptive strike and suing the U.S. government instead.
Indivior CEO sentenced to prison over marketing schemes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2020

Last month, Shaun Thaxter, former CEO of Suboxone maker Indivior, was sentenced to six months in federal prison and fined $600,000 after pleading guilty to a misdemeanor for his role in interstate commerce of misbranded shipments of Suboxone film, the Justice Department announced.
Switching On and Off Macrophages by a “Bridge‐Burning” Coating Improves Bone‐Implant Integration under Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Niu Yiming , Tian Xuejiao , Yu Na , Yin Xiaoyu , Xing Zhen , Li Yurong , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming
Published: November 2020

Osteoporosis poses substantial challenges for biomaterials implantation. New approaches to improve bone‐implant integration should resolve the fundamental dilemma of inflammation—proper inflammation is required at early stages but should be suppressed later for better healing, especially under osteoporosis. However, precisely switching on and off inflammation around implants in vivo remains unachieved. To address this challenge, a “bridge‐burning” coating material that comprises a macrophage‐activating glycan covalently crosslinked by a macrophage‐eliminating bisphosphonate to titanium implant surface is designed. Upon implantation, the glycan instructs host macrophages to release pro‐osteogenic cytokines (“switch‐on”), promoting bone cell differentiation. Later, increasingly mature bone cells secrete alkaline phosphatase to cleave the glycan‐bisphosphonate complexes from the implant, which in turn selectively kill the proinflammatory macrophages (“switch‐off”) that have completed their contribution—hence in the manner of “burning bridges”—to promote healing. In vivo examination in an osteoporotic rat model demonstrates that this coating significantly enhances bone‐implant integration (88.4% higher contact ratio) through modulating local inflammatory niches. In summary, a bioresponsive, endogenously triggered, smart coating material is developed to sequentially harness and abolish the power of inflammation to improve osseointegration under osteoporosis, which represents a new strategy for designing immunomodulatory biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
Rapid Production of Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Separators in Industrial‐Level Efficiency
Authors: Gao Guang‐Kuo , Wang Yi‐Rong , Zhu Hong‐Jing , Chen Yifa , Yang Ru‐Xin , Jiang Cheng , Ma Huiyuan , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: November 2020

Metal–organic framework (MOF) based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant attention in applications such as gas separation, sensing, and energy storage. However, the mass production of MOF‐based MMMs with retained porosity remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, an in situ heat‐assisted solvent‐evaporation method is described to facilely produce MOF‐based MMMs. This method can be extended into various MOFs and polymers with minimum reaction time of 5 min. Thus‐obtained MMMs with high uniformity, excellent robustness, well‐tuned loading, and thickness can be massively produced in industrial‐level efficiency (≈4 m in a batch experiment). Furthermore, they can be readily applied as powerful separators for Li–S cell with high specific capacity (1163.7 mAh g−1) and a capacity retention of 500.7 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 0.5 C (0.08% fading per cycle). This work may overcome the longstanding challenge of processing MOFs into MMMs and largely facilitate the industrialization process of MOFs.