bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancement level of mobile applications intended for type 1 diabetes therapy supporting
Authors: Nowicki Tomasz Jerzy , Nowicki Grzegorz Józef , Ślusarska Barbara
Published: October 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia due to defective secretion and/or action of insulin. Chronic hyperglycaemia is associated with damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, in particular eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.  It is estimated that the number of patients with type 1 diabetes accounts for about 10% of all diabetics, even more children and young adults i.e. under 30 constitute between 85 – 90 % of morbidities.  The fundamental part of type 1 diabetes therapy is providingpatient with an external insulin therapy. The objective of this research was to formulate requirements concerning mobile applications for diabetes 1 therapy as well as an overview and a classification of such applications currently available. This paper includes a set of 20 requirementsfor mobile applications intended for type 1 diabetes patients. Some of them are beyond the possibilities of the modern-day IT industry. Nowadays there is no applications that meets all of the criteria. However, the tendency to fulfill all of them can be noticed.
HSV encephalitis with normal initial CT scan - a case report with a review of the literature
Authors: Kulczyński Marcin , Abramczyk Małgorzata , Sapko Klaudia , Marciniec Michał , Dyndor Przemysław , Dyndor Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Introduction. HSV-1 is the most common cause of viral encephalitis with a high mortality rate if left untreated and causes frequent diagnostic difficulties. It commonly involves the temporal, inferior frontal lobes and the limbic system. HSV can be differentiated by a combination of symptoms, laboratory tests and neuroimaging findings.Case report. A 29-year old female with HSV encephalitis, who, despite prevailing symptoms of altered mental status, had no abnormalities on initial CT head scan. Three MRI follow-up examinations revealed imaging findings with characteristic evolution. Despite CSF results being negative for HSV antibodies, the combination of symptoms, CSF analysis, and characteristic MRI findings were highly suggestive to diagnosing HSV encephalitis and to implement proper treatment.Discussion. In case of radiological changes in temporal lobe, the involvement of the Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) should always be considered. Although the laboratory tests happen to be inconclusive or even falsely negative, neuroimaging often helps to determine the diagnosis. Despite HSE being a severe neurological disorder, initial CT scans can be normal. MRI has become superior, especially at the early phase of the disease and is capable of determining the extensiveness of lesions.
Effectiveness of craniosacral therapy in musculoskeletal pain disorders
Authors: Pajor Kacper , Szpyt Justyna , Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka , Rotter Iwona
Published: October 2020

IntroductionCraniosacral therapy is becoming more and more popular among therapists around the world. Its activity is based on primary respiratory mechanism (PSM), a natural craniosacral rhythm consisting of two phases: flexion and extension. During therapy, the therapist, using appropriate manual techniques performed with minimal force, restores the physiological craniosacral rhythm, restores the mobility of the cranial sutures and affects the mobility of the central nervous system. Due to not fully understood mechanisms of action and controversial foundations, the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy is often questioned.PurposeThe purpose of this research review is to determine the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy on musculoskeletal pain disorders.Material and methodsThe PubMed database was searched using "Craniosacral therapy" for clinical trials and randomized clinical trials. Studies with other forms of therapy or placebo, conducted on newborns and older than 15 years and were excluded. These exclusions narrowed the search results to 5 works.ResultsEach study reported statistically significant improvement in at least one type of perceived pain in intervention group. In all studies, in at least two of the assessed tests (assessing pain and functionality), the difference between the result before the therapy and the result achieved after the therapy improved more for the group undergoing craniosacral therapy. Moreover, a review of studies showed insufficient level of research explaining the physiological foundations of craniosacral therapy.Conclusions1. Craniosacral therapy can effectively reduce pain of musculoskeletal origin and increase the functionality of patients.2. The mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy and its theoretical foundations require further research.
Robust Models for the Kidney Exchange Problem
Authors: Carvalho Margarida , Klimentova Xenia , Glorie Kristiaan , Viana Ana , Constantino Miguel
Published: October 2020

Scope and Mission
Low Cost Optical-electronic Sensor Development Based on Raman Spectroscopy for Liquid
Authors: Kusumo Luqman Aji , Mujiono Totok , Kusuma Hendra
Published: October 2020

Spectroscopy is a method that used to identifychemical structure of substances using its spectral patterncharacteristics. Optical spectroscopy term can be applied to anykind of optical photon interactions with matter. Ramanspectroscopy essentially shows spectral response like thewavelength of scattered light is shifted regarding initializingexcitation wavelength. In this paper, we propose a design of lowcost optical-electronic sensor based on Raman spectroscopy.This low cost optical-electronic sensor employs a violet-blue 405nm wavelength laser diode, a biconvex lens with 5 cm diameterand focus point, a test tube, and a Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor (CMOS) sensor. We tested this low cost opticalelectronic sensor based on Raman spectroscopy in darkcondition. Combination of these hardware and components canprovide measurement result to any liquid sample. From thisexperiment, even all liquid samples that used to test thiscombination of hardware and components are transparent, theystill have different Raman spectra. This combination ofhardware and components can be implemented into someapplication for instance body liquid measurement such as blood.In specific application, we need to employ data analysis and abunch of data set which are organized into three different groupsuch as training data, validation data, and test data group,combined with this developed instrumentation.
Temperature compensated low voltage MOSFET radiation sensor: proof of concept and a case study
Authors: Petrashin Pablo , Lancioni Walter , Toledo Luis , Laprovitta Agustin , Castagnola Juan
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a proof of concept performed on a new and very simple CMOS circuit configuration that implements a radiation dosimeter based on the threshold voltage difference (VTH) principle. The circuit used does not use resistors and all the transistors work in strong inversion, their mobility factor being completely canceled by the proposed architecture. Its operation exploits the relationship between radiation and VTH shifting, which allows, through a circuit configuration, to compensate for temperature variation and amplify the reaction to radiation, making it ideal for integrated industrial applications due to its simplicity and good operation. The circuit was designed for operation in areas naturally at risk of radiation, for example nuclear power plants or radiological clinics. Its advantage over other circuits that perform similar functions is mainly its low cost and simplicity of design.
Simultaneously distributed temperature and dynamic strain sensing based on a hybrid ultra-weak fiber grating array
Authors: Li Chengli , Tang Jianguan , Cheng Cheng , Cai Longbao , Guo Huiyong , Yang Minghong
Published: October 2020

A fiber-optic sensing system based on two types of ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (UWFBG) for simultaneous temperature and vibration sensing was proposed. Narrowband and broadband UWFBGs are alternately written into an optical fiber with equal spacing. Distributed temperature sensing is realized by demodulating the wavelength shift of the narrowband UWFBG, while distributed vibration sensing is achieved by detecting phase variation between two adjacent broadband UWFBG interference pulses. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid UWFBG array can perform temperature and vibration sensing simultaneously. The experimentally conducted temperature measurement ranges from 20°C to 100°C, with the measurement error less than 0.1°C. Vibration signals at different temperatures can be accurately restored, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by 21.1 dB compared with a normal single-mode fiber (SMF).
Binocular vision calibration method for a long-wavelength infrared camera and a visible spectrum camera with different resolutions
Authors: Xicai Li , Qinqin Wu , Yuanqing Wang
Published: October 2020

We present a calibration plate for the binocular vision system, which is composed of a long-wavelength infrared camera and a visible spectrum camera with different resolutions. The calibration plate mainly consists of a white low-temperature aluminum plate with 7×7 round through-holes, a black high-temperature stainless steel plate, and a heating plate. It can be captured by the long-wavelength infrared camera and visible spectrum camera simultaneously. In order to reduce the influence of thermal crosstalk on the edge and angle sharpness of the thermal image of the chessboard calibration plate, we use the round through-holes to replace the black-white squares in the chessboard calibration plate. Based on the fabricated calibration plate, we also propose a related calibration method. The proposed method can quickly detect the calibration plate by using the YOLO-V4 neural network. The affine transformation is performed to get the front view of the calibration plate, and a novel circular detection strategy based on arc level instead of pixel-level is adopted to detect the edges of the round through-holes in the calibration plate. The centers of round through-holes are detected, and the parameters of the cameras are calculated according to the coordinates of the centers in the image coordinate system. The simulation experiments and error analysis have been done to verify the centers detection method. The simulation results show that the error of center detection is always less than 1.4 (pixel). In order to further verify the performance of the calibration plate and the proposed calibration method, a binocular vision system based on long-wavelength infrared camera and visible spectrum camera is fabricated, and the verification experiments have been done. In experiments, our calibration plate and the proposed method are compared with the famous Zhang’s method. The calibration’s average overall mean errors of the visible spectrum camera and long-wavelength infrared camera are about 0.0126 (pixel) and 0.0238 (pixel), and they are respectively decreased by 78.13% and 81.93% compared with Zhang’s method. The re-projection error of the binocular vision system is about 0.548 (pixel), which is decreased by 24.52% compared with Zhang’s method. The average calibration time of the proposed method is about 0.26s.
Improved etching uniformity using equivalent electrodes on an unconventional, irregular membrane optical element for large aperture diffractive optical telescopes
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Li Zhiwei , Shao Junming , Liu Dun , Fan Bin , Li Bincheng
Published: October 2020

The etching uniformity of diffractive membrane optical elements with an irregular shape was investigated. A deteriorative uniformity of electron number density and electron temperature was found according to finite element analysis of plasma discharge. A designable equivalent electrode was proposed to weaken the influence of introducing the unconventional, irregular sample. Improved uniformity of etching depths was demonstrated experimentally, assisting by the designable equivalent electrode. The demonstration of the designable equivalent electrode provides a beneficial solution for the fabrication of unconventional optical elements and an effective means for adjusting and controlling plasma characteristics.
Tunable elliptically polarized Hermite-Gaussian terahertz radiation driven by two-color twisted laser pulses
Authors: Xie Duan , Zhang Hao , Yin Yan , Wang Jian , Yu Tong-pu
Published: October 2020

We propose a scheme for tunable elliptically polarized terahertz (THz) radiation by two-color linearly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian lasers irradiating gas plasmas. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the field strength of THz radiation can achieve MV/cm-scale, and the radiation frequency is determined by the plasma frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency. The emitted THz radiation is Hermite-Gaussian (HG) with a broadband waveform which can be attributed to the axial magnetic fields induced by the twisted drive pulses. Meanwhile, the ellipticity of the emitted THz wave can be effectively tuned by changing the laser intensities and the extra relative phase of the two driving lasers. Thus our scheme provides an efficient and practical approach to acquire tunable HG THz radiation with elliptical polarization, which may own some novel and unique application prospects in various areas.
Numerical analysis of a thermally tunable spectrally selective absorber enabled by an all-dielectric metamirror
Authors: Erçaglar Veysel , Erturk Volkan , Ghobadi Amir , Yildirim Deniz Umut , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: October 2020

In this Letter, we numerically propose a temperature-tunable,
ultra-narrowband one-way perfect near-infrared radiation absorber with
high transmission in the longer wavelength neighboring spectral range.
We obtained this functionality by using a guided-mode resonance-based
grating-waveguide metamirror that is comprised of silicon, a spacer
dielectric, an absorbing semiconductor, and germanium. Within the
ultra-narrow bandwidth of the guided-mode resonance excited at 1.16 µm
with a full width at half-maximum of 3.3 nm, we confirmed perfect
absorption when light is incident from one of the two opposite
directions. Excitation from the opposite direction resulted in perfect
reflection. The thickness of the entire structure is limited to about
one third the operating wavelength. Furthermore, due to the
temperature tunability of silicon and germanium the thermo-optical
sensitivity was found to be approximately 0.068 nm/K. In addition to
this spectral tunability, our proposed device supports transparency
windows with 80% transmission in the higher wavelength ranges. Our
device is highly promising in the applications of thermo-tunable
modulators and obtaining single frequency near-infrared signals from
broadband sources.
AI-enabled real-time dual-comb molecular fingerprint imaging
Authors: Voumard Thibault , Wildi Thibault , Brasch Victor , Álvarez Raúl Gutiérrez , Ogando Germán Vergara , Herr Tobias
Published: October 2020

Hyperspectral imaging provides spatially resolved spectral information. Utilizing dual-frequency combs as active illumination sources, hyperspectral imaging with ultra-high spectral resolution can be implemented in a scan-free manner when a detector array is used for heterodyne detection. Here, we show that dual-comb hyperspectral imaging can be performed with an uncooled near-to-mid-infrared detector by exploiting the detector array’s high frame rate, achieving 10 Hz acquisition in 30 spectral channels across 16,384 pixels. Artificial intelligence (AI) enables real-time data reduction and imaging of gas concentration based on characteristic molecular absorption signatures. Owing to the detector array’s sensitivity from 1 to 5 µm wavelength, this demonstration lays the foundation for real-time versatile imaging of molecular fingerprint signatures across the infrared wavelength regime with high temporal resolution.
Ethnoichthyology of Fishing Communities in the Lower Valley of Ouémé in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Djidohokpin Gildas , Sossoukpè Edmond , Adandé Richard , Voudounnou Juste V. , Fiogbé Emile D. , Haour Anne
Published: October 2020

Ethno-ichthyological knowledge can improve fisheries management. This study covers interactions between ecological, morphological, and sociocultural aspects pertaining to the fish of the Tovè River, which is located in the largest fishing area in the Republic of Benin (Ouémé Valley), West Africa. In particular, data were collected on fishing methods and techniques, fishing equipment, and ichthyofauna by noting vernacular names followed by identification traits, taste and dietary value, medicinal use, and related knowledge of different species. Through data related to names given locally to fish, this paper highlights the manner in which physical or behavioral traits are coded in terminology. Most of these species have a high market value, either because they are considered to be delicacies and/or for their medicinal uses. The results suggest that ethno-ichthyological information can successfully be applied to improve fish conservation and fisheries management.
Diagnostic value of platelet indices for neonatal bacterial sepsis
Authors: Rohadi Ading , Ramadanti Afifa , Indrayady Indrayady , Bakri Achirul
Published: October 2020

Background Neonatal bacterial sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Blood culture as a gold standard, as well as C reactive protein (CRP), micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (micro ESR), white blood count (WBC), and immature-to-total (I/T) ratio as a sepsis screens are currently used methods, but their utility may be limited due to delayed reporting. Platelet indices are one of the parameters which can be helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the use of platelet indices, either alone or in combination, with other laboratory screening parameters to diagnose neonatal bacterial sepsis. 

Methods Neonates admitted to the Neonatal Unit of RSUP Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, and showing symptoms of sepsis were included in this study. Subjects underwent testing for blood culture, sepsis screen (CRP, micro ESR, WBC, I/T ratio), and platelet indices [platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW)].

Results The 107 neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria consisted of 42 neonates with proven bacterial sepsis (positive blood culture), 10 neonates with probable bacterial sepsis (positive sepsis screen and negative blood culture), and 55 with clinical bacterial sepsis (negative in both blood culture and sepsis screen). There were no significant differences in platelet count among the proven bacterial sepsis, probable bacterial sepsis, and clinical bacterial sepsis groups. Platelet count < 150,000/ml, PDW ³ 16.8 fL, MPV ³ 10.8 fL and combinations of the three, were highly specific markers for proven sepsis, with specificities of 92.3%, 97%, 75.4%, and 80%, respectively. However, all of these parameters were poor predictive markers for positive cultures in neonatal clinical bacterial sepsis, with sensitivities of 19%, 7.1%, 35.7%, and 23.8%, respectively.

Conclusion Platelet indices have high specificity but low sensitivity for the prediction of proven neonatal bacterial sepsis.
Pharmacognostic study of Eranthemum nigrum Root DSNBK Prasanth
Authors: A Lakshmana Rao
Published: October 2020

Objective: To analyze the pharmacognostic characteristics and physiochemical parameters of the root of Eranthemum nigrum (E. nigrum). Methods: Microscopic characters and powder analysis had been carried out with the help of a microscope. The physiochemical properties such as loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, extractive values and fluorescence of E. nigrum had been performed. Results: The color, shape, size, odor, and surface characteristics were reported from the root and powdered root material of E. nigrum. Light microscope images of cross section and powdered root revealed the presence of lignified xylem fibers, xylem vessels, cork cells and parenchyma cells. Phytochemical testing confirmed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value and fluorescent behavior of root powder have also been established. Conclusion: The morphological, microscopical and physicochemical parameter results provided in this paper may be utilized as a basis for the preparation of a monograph on E. nigrum root.
Characterisation of Pathogens Identification and Classifications
Authors: M Sourav Karar , R Srilekh
Published: October 2020

Microbes that source destruction are called pathogens, and the capability of a pathogen to found disease is called pathogenicity. Resourceful pathogens create sickness only in the nonappearance of regular host confrontation. The current advances in structure methodology and computational methods are drivingexperts ever more rapidlynearcomprehensive understanding of human-microbial relations. The influential sequencing periods are quicklycreating huge amounts of nucleotide sequence documents which are accrued into vastcatalogues. This arrangementof data can be recovered, accumulated, and analysed for documentation of bacteriological pathogens and analysis of diseases. In this paper, we extantanexplanation on how the metagenomics combined with microarray and original sequencing procedures are servingbacterialrecognition and description.
Temporal Dynamics of the Neural Representation of Social Relationships
Authors: Dziura Sarah L. , Thompson James C.
Published: October 2020

Humans can rapidly encode information from faces to support social judgments and facilitate interactions with others. We can also recall complex knowledge about those individuals, such as their social relationships with others, but the time course of this process has not been examined in detail. This study addressed the temporal dynamics of emerging visual and social relationship information using EEG and representational similarity analysis. Participants (female = 23, male = 10) became familiar with a 10-person social network, and were then shown faces of that network's members while EEG was recorded. To examine the temporal dynamics of the cognitive processes related to face perception, we compared the similarity structure of neural pattern responses to models of visual processing, face shape similarity, person identity, and social relationships. We found that all types of information are associated with neural patterns after a face is seen. Visual models became significant early after image onset, and identity across a change in facial expression was uniquely associated with neural patterns at several points throughout the time course. Additionally, a model reflecting perceived frequency of social interaction was present beginning at ∼110 ms, even in the absence of an explicit task to think about the relationships among the network members. This study highlights the speed and salience of social information relating to group dynamics that are present in the brain during person perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe live our lives in social groups where complex relationships form among and around us. It is likely that some of the information about social relationships that we observe is integral during person perception, to better help us interact in differing situations with a variety of people. However, when exactly this information becomes relevant has been unclear. In this study, we present evidence that information reflecting observed relationships among a social network is spontaneously represented in whole-brain patterns shortly following presentation of a face. These results are consistent with neuroimaging studies showing spontaneous spatial representation of social network characteristics, and contribute novel insights into the timing of these neural processes.
Arabic Jinās is not Pun, Wortspiel, Calembour, or Paronomasia: A Post-Eurocentric Approach to the Conceptual Untranslatability of Literary Terms in Arabic and Ancient Egyptian Cultures
Authors: Rashwan Hany
Published: October 2020

This article amplifies the call for a paradigm shift across a range of comparative disciplines relevant to non-European cultures, that decentralizes rhetorical concepts from European traditions in comprehending non-European literary and philosophical practices. Such a post-Eurocentric perspective is necessary to both generate a fair comparative module that centralizes the emic (culture-specific) features of a language and to avoid Eurocentric misrepresentation of the non-European culture under consideration. This paper challenges the common academic position that Eurocentric traditions are foundational to understanding ancient Egyptian and Arabic literary systems. The article also considers the graphic nature of the core hieroglyphic script in comparison with Arabic to refute the modern obsession that concentrates on the verbal layers of the scripts and neglects their visual literariness.
Archias the Good Immigrant
Authors: Čulík-Baird Hannah
Published: October 2020

Cicero's Pro Archia has historically been taken as a bona fide expression of humanism. In this article, I demonstrate how this reading of the Pro Archia has allowed the political and cultural tensions in the speech to remain hidden. Cicero's vision of Archias as an idealized amalgam sanitizes both the poetic and the cultural identity of his Syrian client in favour of a projection which combined generic “Greekness” with a politicized invocation of the Roman poet, Q. Ennius. Contextualizing the Pro Archia within its contemporary political moment reveals that Cicero is consciously constructing a narrative of Archias as a “good immigrant.”
MLLT6 maintains PD‐L1 expression and mediates tumor immune resistance
Authors: Sreevalsan Sandeep , Döring Marietta , Paszkowski‐Rogacz Maciej , Brux Melanie , Blanck Carolina , Meyer Marten , Momburg Frank , Buchholz Frank , Theis Mirko
Published: October 2020

Tumor cells subvert immune surveillance by harnessing signals from immune checkpoints to acquire immune resistance. The protein PD‐L1 is an important component in this process, and inhibition of PD‐L1 elicits durable anti‐tumor responses in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, immune checkpoint inhibition that target known pathways is not universally effective. A better understanding of the genetic repertoire underlying these processes is necessary to expand our knowledge in tumor immunity and to facilitate identification of alternative targets. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human cancer cells to identify genes that confer tumors with the ability to evade the cytotoxic effects of the immune system. We show that the transcriptional regulator MLLT6 (AF17) is required for efficient PD‐L1 protein expression and cell surface presentation in cancer cells. MLLT6 depletion alleviates suppression of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell‐mediated cytolysis. Furthermore, cancer cells lacking MLLT6 exhibit impaired STAT1 signaling and are insensitive to interferon‐γ‐induced stimulation of IDO1, GBP5, CD74, and MHC class II genes. Collectively, our findings establish MLLT6 as a regulator of oncogenic and interferon‐γ‐associated immune resistance.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in people on maintenance haemodialysis: case reports and review of literature
Authors: Kuverji Apexa , Higgins Kath , Burton James O , Frankel Andrew H , Cheung Chee Kay
Published: October 2020

The management of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) in people with normal renal function is well established. Although DKA is less common in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), when it occurs, the management needs to be adapted to account for the different physiological state that these patients present with. This report presents two cases of DKA in people on maintenance haemodialysis for ESKD. Each case identifies learning points, when combined with a comprehensive literature review, generates key recommendations on the management of DKA in people on maintenance haemodialysis.
Cannabis alleviates neuropathic pain and reverses weight loss in diabetic neuropathic cachexia in a previous heroin abuser
Authors: Naccache Deeb Daoud
Published: October 2020

Ten years after the successful withdrawal from heroin abuse, a person with diabetes suffered intractable pain and severe muscular emaciation consistent with the syndrome of diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Anti-neuropathic medications failed neither to alleviate suffering and reverse weight loss, nor to stop muscular emaciation. Vigilant evaluation for weight loss aetiologies revealed no responsible aetiology. Prescribing medical cannabis became mandatory, with the intention to alleviate neuropathic pain, regain muscular mass and strengthen legs, enable standing upright and walking normally. Medical cannabis for pain-relief, and the orexigenic properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ingredient successfully achieved these goals.

Learning points:

Medical cannabis can serve to promptly alleviate severe diabetic neuropathic pain.

Past history of heroin abuse was not an absolute contraindication to medical cannabis use.

Medical cannabis increased appetite and reversed muscular emaciation.

Medical cannabis decreased chronic pain and hence, its catabolic consequences.
Responsabilidad social corporativa en las entidades financieras españolas
Authors: Becerra Vicario Rafael , León Gómez Ana
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las prácticas responsables desarrolladas por entidades financieras, referidas a la responsabilidad social corporativa (rsc), y determinar si el grado de intensidad en la ejecución de esas políticas responsables está relacionado con el tamaño o la solvencia de estas.

Desde un enfoque positivista, a través de los principales estándares de medición de la rsc, se realizó la validación de algunas hipótesis basadas en un análisis previo de carácter empírico. Se utilizó una muestra de entidades financieras, para comprender cuál es el grado de compromiso de las grandes empresas financieras con sus stakeholders, con el medioambiente y con la sociedad en general.
Efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en ejercicio contrarresistencia
Authors: Espinoza Acuña Gabriela , Sánchez Ureña Braulio , Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Gutiérrez Vargas Juan Carlos , Cordero Duarte Kevin , Blanco Romero Luis
Published: October 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar el efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico entre series sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en la ejecución de un ejercicio de contrarresistencia. Participaron un total de 30 sujetos masculinos físicamente activos y aparentemente sanos con experiencia mínima de cuatro meses en el entrenamiento contrarresistencia, con un promedio de edad: 23.4 ± 3.2 años, un peso: 71.7 ± 6.0 kg, talla: 172 ± 6.1cm, porcentaje de grasa: 16.3 ± 5.3 % y masa magra: 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Díez sujetos en cada grupo fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a las condiciones experimentales grupo control (sin estiramiento entre series), grupo con estiramiento estático entre series (EE) y grupo con estiramiento dinámico entre series (ED) al ser los grupos homogéneos en nivel de fuerza en el 1RM (F(2,29) = 0.77, p = .47), los sujetos fueron sometidos a un estímulo de 4 series al fallo con el 80 % del 1RM . Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA de una vía. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el comportamiento de las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento: (F(2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp2 = .02), en el índice de fatiga, (F(2,29) = 2.25, p = .12, ωp2 = .07) en el número total de repeticiones, tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto a la percepción de esfuerzo (F(2,29) = 0.46, p = .63, ωp2 = -.03). Se concluye que el rendimiento expresado en el índice de fatiga y el número total de repeticiones, así como la percepción de esfuerzo, no se ven afectados de manera aguda por el uso de estiramiento entre series, sea de tipo estático o dinámico.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic properties of technical lignins and their applications
Authors: Espinoza-Acosta José Luis , Torres-Chávez Patricia Isabel , Ramírez-Wong Benjamín , López-Saiz Carmen María , Montaño-Leyva Beatriz
Published: October 2020

At present, more than 70 million tons per year of technical lignins are obtained from cellulose pulping and lignocellulosic refineries (e.g., kraft, lignosulfonates, soda, and organosolv lignin). These lignins are commonly incinerated to produce steam and energy, and only a small part is used as an additive in various low volume and niche applications, such as dispersant, in concrete admixtures, as an adhesive and as a binder. Furthermore, the potential of technical lignins is considered to be beyond that of an inexpensive fuel or raw material to produce low added value products. The technical lignins consist of complex polyphenolic polymers that contain numerous chemical functional groups, such as phenolic hydroxyl, carboxylic, carbonyl, and methoxyl groups. The phenolic hydroxyl and methoxyl groups present in lignin reportedly possess various biological activities. The amount of data describing the biological activities of technical lignins has increased in the last 10 years. This review presents the most relevant research concerning the various biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and others) of technical lignins. Additionally, the most promising and relevant applications are highlighted.
The International Vocabulary of Russian and Slovenian Languages: Gender Category
Authors: Konickaja Jelena
Published: October 2020

Slovenian and Russian substantive internationalisms of different grammatical gender are compared in the present article. Five groups of internationalisms have been distinguished on the basis of the formed glossary based on the dictionaries of the two languages which includes about 450 pairs of lexemes with different gender characteristics: 1) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian masculine; 2) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian feminine; 3) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian neuter; 4) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian neuter; animated nouns constitute a separate group. The significant difference is the small number of neuter gender internationalisms in Slovenian, while there are a great number of such internationalisms in Russian; as well as the predominance of feminine gender borrowings in Slovenian. The analysis has illustrated that the internationalisms gender in both languages is determined by a common set of factors (the influence of gender of the prototype word, features of the morphological category of gender in language, lexical and semantic characteristics), which have different importance in the two languages. The influence of the prototype word gender is mainly characteristic in Slovenian, while structural and paradigmatic factors play a much larger role in Russian. The differences in the donor languages are of great importance for understanding the gender distinction of internationalisms in Slovenian and Russian. The time factor is more evident in Russian, where there is a gradual increasing importance of a paradigmatic factor in the gender determination of a number of borrowings, whereas for Slovenian, where a number of borrowings-internationalisms were formed later, the time factor does not play a big role.
New-generation antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Vaccaro Christine , Shakeri Ahmad , Czaplinski Emily , Eltonsy Sherif
Published: October 2020

The use of maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of cognitive adverse effects among the offspring. As new-generation AEDs continue to enter the market, evidence on their safety during pregnancy is limited yet necessary. To date, there are no published reviews summarizing the evidence of new-generation AED exposure in utero and the development of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. The objective of this scoping review is to summa-rize the available evidence on the risk of ADHD after maternal exposure to new-generation AEDs during pregnancy. We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for articles published from January 1988 to April 2020. New-generation AEDs were considered if marketed after 1988. ADHD was defined as attention-deficit hyperac-tivity disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, hyperkinesis, or conduct disorder. Of the total articles screened (n = 805), eight publications were finally included (seven cohort studies and one systematic review). Across the studies, the sample size of pregnant women exposed to AEDs ranged from 1 to 1383. Monotherapy was examined in six studies (mostly lamotrigine), while only two studies examined polytherapy. The included studies reported a range of adjusted relative risks, from 0.84 [0.59– 1.19] to 1.63 [0.41–6.06]. Lamotrigine monotherapy holds the largest body of evidence, concluding that no significant risk of ADHD exists among the offspring. However, the available evidence is considered scarce and has several method-ological limitations. Disentangling the effect of AEDs from epilepsy itself and examining polytherapies are challenges that merit additional investigations. Further comparative safety studies with longer follow-up periods and large sample sizes are needed to accurately quantify the true impact of new-generation AED exposure during pregnancy and ADHD in children.
Mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama: impacto do crescimento pós-traumático.
Authors: Camargo Maria Jeane , Dos Santos Júnior Randolfo , Dos Santos Loiane Letícia , Talhaferro Bianca , Carniel Aline , Vianna Ana Márcia
Published: October 2020

Câncer é possivelmente a doença mais temida na atualidade. Por seu caráter crônico, exige ajustamentos em múltiplos domínios na vida do paciente, com evidências indicando que fatores físicos, emocionais, cognitivos, interpessoais e comportamentais estão interrelacionados e contribuem para o ajustamento de cada indivíduo. A perspectiva de superação de uma experiência desafiadora como o câncer pode resultar no desenvolvimento do que alguns autores denominam de crescimento pós-traumático. O objetivo consistiu em identificar os fatores relacionados ao crescimento pós-traumático a partir do diagnóstico e tratamento de câncer de mama. Participaram deste estudo trinta mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama em tratamento no Hospital Geral do Interior de São Paulo. Para o processo de coleta de dados foram utilizados, questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar, Escala de esperança de Herth, Escala de Apoio Social, Escala de Ajustamento Mental para o câncer e Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático. Resultados: verificou-se que variáveis como idade, possuir um companheiro, maior tempo de diagnóstico, esperança, menores indicadores de depressão, maior nível de escolaridade e religião são fatores que colaboram para o desenvolvimento do crescimento pós-traumático. Estes resultados apontam para a importância da identificação destas variáveis no perfil psicossocial de pacientes com câncer, e principalmente para a necessidade de elaborar intervenções que possam promover a manutenção e o desenvolvimento de fatores de proteção em face dos estressores do tratamento.
Comportamento suícida e religiosidade em estudantes de Psicologia
Authors: Silva Maísa Carvalho , Faro André
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento suicida em estudantes de psicologia e analisar sua relação com a religiosidade. Método: Participaram 129 discentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 17 e 53 anos, de diferentes períodos do curso de psicologia. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Comportamentos Suicidas Revisado (QCS-R) e o Índice de Religiosidade de Duke (DUREL). Resultados: Constatou-se que em discentes com idades entre 21 e 23 anos, 70,5% afirmaram ter pensado ou tentado se matar, 24% pensaram em se suicidar nos últimos 12 meses, 28,7% comunicaram a intenção suicida a alguém e 11,6% consideram a possibilidade de se matar em um futuro próximo. A hipótese da religiosidade como fator protetivo contra a ideação suicida foi corroborada. Conclusões: Os achados foram entendidos como um alerta para que as instituições de ensino proponham ações preventivas e de enfrentamento em saúde a essas questões.
Comunicação educativa e educação para o lazer: os super-heróis dos quadrinhos nas aulas de educação física
Authors: Lopes da Silva Cinthia , Ferrés i Prats Joan
Published: October 2020

Dentre os estudantes brasileiros do Ensino Fundamental, muitos não participam efetivamente das aulas de Educação Física por questões de ordem metodológica, de mediação didática e de conhecimento. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia de uma proposta pedagógica que parte dos estudos da Comunicação Educativa (baseada na neurociência) e da educação para o lazer. Participaram da pesquisa 20 estudantes de uma escola pública do estado de São Paulo, com idades entre 13 e 14 anos. A pesquisa é qualitativa. Foram utilizados diário de campo e observações. Resultados: novas habilidades corporais foram aprendidas pelos alunos dentro do contexto das histórias em quadrinhos de super-heróis e os estudantes deram indícios de terem desenvolvido uma atitude crítica e criativa.
Transformando tias em professoras: contribuições do pensamento de Paulo Freire para o processo de profissionalização de quem “ousa ensinar”
Authors: Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto
Published: October 2020

Esse trabalho se insere na temática do movimento de profissionalização do ensino tendo em vista a transformação do ofício docente em um trabalho profissional. Estabelecemos interlocuções com parte da obra de Paulo Freire, cujas contribuições apontam para a proeminência da compreensão do trabalho docente na perspectiva profissional. A partir de um ensaio teórico dividido em três partes, objetivamos analisar as possíveis contribuições do pensamento de Paulo Freire para a perspectiva da profissionalização do trabalho de professoras e professores e suas implicações para a transformação da prática pedagógica. Concluímos que o pensamento de Freire reforça a necessidade de se entender o trabalho profissional como elemento estruturador da ação educativa libertadora em sua complexidade e reflexividade, possibilitando o desenvolvimento da práxis contextualizada e transformadora da sociedade.
Micro and Nanogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: CAN Mehmet , GUVEN Olgun , SAHİNER Nurettin
Published: October 2020

Micro and nano hydrogels developed from natural and synthetic polymers have garnered great deal of attention in scientific and industrial realms due to their higher surface area, degree of swelling and active material loading capacity, softness and flexibility, as well as their similarity to natural tissues. Particularly, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable micro/nano vehicles with tailor made design and functionalization facilities their use with excellent feasibility for a variety of biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, bioimaging and drug delivery. However, these platforms require rational design and functionalization strategies to cope with barriers of in vivo environment to pass into clinical use. Firstly, an ideal carrier should be biocompatible, and capable of evasion from immune elimination, specifically target at desired sites and sustainably release the therapeutic cargo in response to microenvironment conditions. Despite the few setbacks in micro/nano vehicle design and several successful formulations translated to clinical use and majority of the carries are yet to achieve complete success for all biological criteria. In this review, design, and functionalization strategies of micro and nanogels have been summarized and the recent progress in biomedical applications of microgels and nanogels have been outlined with a primary focus placed on drug and biomolecule delivery applications.
Marx e o capitalismo do século XXI
Authors: MARQUES ROSA MARIA , ANDRADE PATRICK RODRIGUES
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o capitalismo contemporâneo à luz da contribuição de Marx em O Capital. Para isso, na primeira parte são discutidos sua compreensão sobre o capital monetário, o capital portador de juros e o capital fictício, enfatizando os aspectos fetichizados e a autonomização que esses últimos conquistaram com relação à produção de mercadorias, isto é, de novo valor. Na segunda parte são analisados o volume assumido pelo capital fictício no capitalismo mundial e suas consequências para o interior das empresas e para a manutenção do emprego, entre outras. Entre suas conclusões aponta-se que essa relativa autonomização não constitui uma anomalia ou cancro. Ao contrário, é expressão do desenvolvimento lógico da forma capital, quando a ele não se colocam freios, dada a situação de recuo em que se encontram os trabalhadores no plano internacional.
Financiamento da Covid-19, inflação e restrição fiscal
Authors: Bresser-Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2020

RESUMO A pandemia do Covid-19 está produzindo uma depressão econômica que poderia ser substancialmente reduzida se o Estado em cada país, além de fazer os gastos necessários na saúde, compensasse as empresas e famílias que estão perdendo com as políticas de distanciamento social e confinamento. Os governos, no entanto, limitam seus gastos para não aumentar a dívida pública. Mas existe a possibilidade de os bancos centrais comprarem novos títulos dos tesouros dos próprios países para financiar tais gastos. Considerando as várias restrições econômicas enfrentadas pelos formuladores de políticas, essa política não entrará em conflito com a restrição de inflação. O dinheiro é uma variável endógena que não causa, mas apenas sanciona a inflação em curso. O financiamento monetário entra parcialmente em conflito com a restrição fiscal, mas evita o aumento da dívida pública. E não traz as más consequências da indisciplina fiscal - demanda excessiva que, sucessivamente, causa aumento das importações e déficits em conta-corrente que apreciam a moeda nacional, aceleração ou inflação e crises de balanço de pagamentos. O financiamento monetário do Covid-19 não causará nenhum desses três males.
The COVID-19 pandemic: theoretical scenarios of its socioeconomic impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: LANCHIMBA CINTYA , BONILLA-BOLAÑOS ANDREA , DÍAZ-SÁNCHEZ JUAN PABLO
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT This paper provides some theoretical scenarios the socioeconomic impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). To do so, after a brief literature review of previous pandemics, we use the macro and microeconomic theory, together with aggregated data, in order to provide expected implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the LAC region. At a macroeconomic level, we explain how the COVID-19 shock is causing both aggregate supply and aggregate demand to reduce so plunging the region into a recession and why such a recession is dangerously harmful for the LAC economies. At a micro level, we describe why some enterprises would adapt to remain in the market or even growth; by contrast, some of them would leave the market in the short term. For the consumers, the impact of this sanitary crisis is related to the change in their preferences and household members’ relations due to extended quarantines.