bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciding Novel and Routine Cases without Evidence
Authors: Applegarth Peter
Published: October 2018

In novel cases, judges often weigh policy considerations based on common sense assumptions and personal experience about how certain individuals, groups and institutions behave. For example, in assessing the consequences of creating a new category of duty of care, a new immunity from suit or even a new tort, judges are invited to predict (or speculate about) how individuals, groups, professions and institutions would behave if the law was different. In routine cases, judges also rely on assumptions and experience in deciding questions of reasonableness and past hypothetical facts about causation. In deciding both novel and routine cases on the basis of assumptions and experience, judges are prone to cognitive biases that affect decision-making in general.
Croatian in the Mediterranean context: language contacts in the Early Modern Croatian lexicography
Authors: Vuletić Nikola
Published: October 2018

This paper offers an insight into the way language contacts in the Mediterranean context were dealt with in the Croatian lexicography of the 16th and 17th centuries. The first part provides the historical background of the contact situations from the 7th century up to the end of the 17th century, focusing on Dalmatia. The second part represents an analysis of Dalmatian-Romance, Italo-Romance and Turkish loanwords in five dictionaries (Vrančić, Kašić, Mikalja, Tanzlingher-Zanotti, and Ritter Vitezović), reflecting the results of the language contacts on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea and in its immediate hinterland. Positive and negative attitudes of the five authors towards language-borrowing are discussed, as some important differences can be observed, particularly with regard to Italo-Romance loanwords.
Le Dictionnaire étymologique et historique des régionalismes de l’immobilier : structure générale, macrostructure et microstructure
Authors: Wirth-Jaillard Aude
Published: October 2018

The main goal of the Dictionnaire etymologique et historique des regionalismes de l’immobilier (Etymological and Historical Dictionary of Regionalisms of Real Estate) is to study regionalisms of French in a thematic perspective. Its first volume, currently in preparation, is dedicated to belgicisms and luxembourgisms. This article first presents the book in general: the broad way “real estate” has to be understood, its purpose and its intended audience. The second part of the article focuses more specifically on its general structure, the third, on its macrostructure and the fourth one on its microstructure. It concludes with some examples of articles: acte (sur terrain), additionnel, arvau, egaline, ressabler.
Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7: a case report
Authors: Zhu Chun , Tong Mei-Ling , Chi Xia
Published: October 2018

Study advances with a childhood case of partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. The patient is a 36-month-old girl with growth retardation, mild mental retardation and delayed bone age. She showed no signs of hypotelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, low-set ears, or flat and broad nasal bridge. Microarray testing using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD array revealed an approximately 58 kb deletion at 7q31.1 in the girl and her father, suggesting paternal origin. As the patient had no characteristic facial features, 7q deletions had not been considered. This case broadens the range of case presentations for microdeletions of chromosome 7.
Supramolecular interactions of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co- thiophene] with single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yi Wenhui , Xu Hao , Gao Chao , Hou Jin , Jin Weiqiu , Lei Yue , Hou Xun
Published: October 2018

Efficient selective extraction of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) from as-synthesized SWCNTs is essential for their electronic and photovoltaic applications. In this study, we used a relatively simple copolymer backbone structure of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-thiophene] (PFT) for the selective extraction of s-SWCNTs from HiPCO SWCNTs. The absorption and Raman spectroscopies indicated that the PFT-sorted s-SWCNTs had high purity which was far beyond the sensitivity of the spectrometers. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy showed that PFT mainly extracted the chiralities of (n,m)=(9,5), (8,6), (7,5), and (10,5) s-SWCNTs with the ratios of about 53.1%, 24.8%, 11.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. Both steady-state and transient optical spectroscopies suggested that there was a strong interaction between PFT and s-SWCNTs. Molecular dynamics simulation results agreed well with the experimental data. Additionally, the photoinduced energy transfer behavior of the PFT-wrapped s-SWCNT resultant hybrid was assessed. This work indicated that the prepared PFT-wrapped s-SWCNT hybrid material was attractive for organic photovoltaic devices.
Transdisciplinarity across the Qualitative and Quantitative Science through C.S. Peirce’s Semiotic Concept of Habit
Authors: Brier Søren
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates how Peirce manages to establish a transdisciplinary fallibilist view of the sciences that is not hostile to religious spirituality viewed as a complementary fallibilist knowledge type. I focus on Peirce’s attempt to construct an alternative to classical mechanical ontology with its reversible time concept and the ontological view of absolute transcendental laws of nature. His triadic semiotic pragmaticism has empiricism in common with the logical positivists, but it shares the fallibilist critical stance with Popper, with whose critical rationalism Peirce also shares a thorough-going evolutionary approach. With Hegel and Schelling, Peirce shares a kind of evolutionary objective idealism and with Whitehead a thoroughgoing process view, and finally with Wittgenstein, he shares a pragmatic view of the meaning of words and concepts. What knits together all these apparently incompatible views is his dynamic Tychism and his Synechist field view. Together these produce a transdisciplinary irreversible view of habits as “laws” of nature, mind, and society that emerge in the development of the cosmos. Though Peirce is somehow close to Hegel’s phenomenological and dialectical view on cosmogony, a number of aspects are quite unique about his approach: the most important of these are his dynamic triadic categorically-based semiotics that makes him understand human beings as well as the universe as symbolic self-organizing developing processes. This is an interesting alternative to modern mechanical info-computationalism.
Zur Rückkehr der Machtpolitik in Handelsfragen: Theoretische Überlegungen und politische Empfehlungen
Authors: Felbermayr Gabriel J.
Published: October 2018

Opportunistische Regierungen haben vielfache Anreize, unilateral vom Freihandel abzuweichen, zum Beispiel um ihre Terms of trade zu verbessern. Doch was individuell rational sein mag, führt kollektiv in eine Situation, in der alle Länder schlechter gestellt sind, und aus der sie nur schwer herausfinden. Die neuere Forschung zeigt, dass es das Prinzip der Reziprozität im GATT/WTO-System ermöglicht hat, aus diesem Gefangenendilemma auszubrechen. Das Prinzip stellt sicher, dass bei Zollsenkungen die Terms of trade der Länder konstant bleiben, so dass alle Beteiligten profitieren. Reziprozität bedeutet auch, dass der Bruch von Vereinbarungen durch streng reglementierte „Gegenzölle“ kompensiert werden darf. Die glaubwürdige Drohung mit solchen Maßnahmen ist das einzige Mittel, opportunistisches Verhalten in Schach zu halten und die Stabilität der multilateralen Ordnung zu bewahren. Daher ist es auch richtig, dass die EU auf die unter dem Vorwand der Bedrohung der nationalen Sicherheit erhobenen amerikanischen Zölle auf Stahl und Aluminium mit maßvollen Vergeltungszöllen reagiert hat.
Ökonomische Ungleichheit in Deutschland – ein Überblick
Authors: Peichl Andreas , Hufe Paul , Stöckli Marc
Published: October 2018

Die ökonomische Ungleichheit steht im Fokus der aktuellen politischen Debatte. Paul Hufe, Andreas Peichl und Marc Stöckli zeigen in diesem Artikel, wie die Einkommen, der Konsum und die Vermögen in Deutschland verteilt sind. Dabei erläutern sie, welche Konzepte und Datengrundlagen in der Forschung zur Anwendung kommen und welche Schwierigkeiten bestehen. Sie zeigen, dass die Einkommens- und Konsumungleichheit in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich zugenommen hat, sich seit einigen Jahren aber stabilisiert. Die schlechte Datenverfügbarkeit erschwert dabei eine umfassende Analyse. Insbesondere in Bezug auf die Vermögen ist es schwierig, detaillierte Aussagen über deren Verteilung zu treffen.
Minimum Quantity Lubrication Using Nano-Graphite Cutting Fluids for Sustainable Machining of AISI 4140 under Different Cutting Conditions
Authors: Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Posinasetti Nageswara Rao , Amrita M. , Vuppala Venkata Ramana S. N.
Published: October 2018

Traditionally, cutting fluids are applied in large quantities to reduce the cutting forces and temperatures in machining. However, in view of environmental and occupational health concerns with the conventional cutting fluids, industries are moving towards minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). MQL application is environment-friendly, provides good working conditions to employees, and is economical and hence sustainable. The present work studies the effect of MQL that utilizes cutting fluid with nano-graphite particles during the turning of AISI 4140 at varying ranges of cutting velocity, feed, and depth of cut. Taguchi’s design of experiments was used to limit the number of experiments. Cutting forces and surface roughness were measured and the performance of the formulated nano-graphite cutting fluid was compared to dry machining, flood lubrication, and MQL application of the conventional cutting fluid (without nanoparticles) at the considered range of cutting parameters. It was noticed that MQL with nanofluids offers a superior machining performance compared to other considered methods of lubrication. The optimum levels of the cutting parameters were determined using Taguchi analysis for all the lubricating conditions. Confirmation tests were carried out at the optimal conditions to establish the dependence of machining performance on lubricating methods.
Stochastic Programming Approach versus Estimator-Based Approach for Sensor Network Design for Maximizing Efficiency
Authors: Sen Pallabi , Diwekar Urmila , Bhattacharyya Debangsu
Published: October 2018

The measurement technology with sensors plays a key role in achieving efficient operation of the process plants, and optimal sensor placement is very important in this endeavor. The focus of the current work is on the development of sensor placement algorithms to obtain the numbers, locations, and types of sensors for a large-scale process with the estimator-based control system. Two sensor placement algorithms are developed and investigated. In one algorithm, dynamics in the process efficiency loss that are due to the estimator-based control system that receives measurements from a candidate sensor network are explicitly accounted for. For a large-scale process with a large number of candidate sensor locations, this approach leads to a computationally expensive mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. In another algorithm, the estimation error is accounted for in terms of probability distributions, and therefore, a stochastic programming approach is used to solve the sensor placement problem. A novel algorithm called BONUS is used to solve the problem. The developed sensor placement algorithms are implemented in an acid gas removal unit as part of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant with precombustion carbon dioxide capture. In this article, we compare and contrast these two sensor placement algorithms by evaluating the efficiency loss of the optimal sensor network synthesized by each of these algorithms along with their computational performance.
Phosphocreatine Levels in the Left Thalamus Decline during Wakefulness and Increase after a Nap
Authors: Gordji-Nejad Ali , Matusch Andreas , Li Shumei , Kroll Tina , Beer Simone , Elmenhorst David , Bauer Andreas
Published: October 2018

Scientists have hypothesized that the availability of phosphocreatine (PCr) and its ratio to inorganic phosphate (Pi) in cerebral tissue form a substrate of wakefulness. It follows then, according to this hypothesis, that the exhaustion of PCr and the decline in the ratio of PCr to Pi form a substrate of fatigue. We used31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate quantitative levels of PCr, the γ-signal of ATP, and Pi in 30 healthy humans (18 female) in the morning, in the afternoon, and while napping (n= 15) versus awake controls (n= 10). Levels of PCr (2.40 mM at 9 A.M.) decreased by 7.0 ± 0.8% (p= 7.1 × 10−6,t= −5.5) in the left thalamus between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. Inversely, Pi (0.74 mM at 9 A.M.) increased by 17.1 ± 5% (p= 0.005,t= 3.1) and pH levels dropped by 0.14 ± 0.07 (p= 0.002;t= 3.6). Following a 20 min nap after 5 P.M., local PCr, Pi, and pH were restored to morning levels. We did not find respective significant changes in the contralateral thalamus or in other investigated brain regions. Left hemispheric PCr was signficantly lower than right hemispheric PCr only at 5 P.M. in the thalamus and at all conditions in the temporal region. Thus, cerebral daytime-related and sleep-related molecular changes are accessiblein vivo. Prominent changes were identified in the thalamus. This region is heavily relied on for a series of energy-consuming tasks, such as the relay of sensory information to the cortex. Furthermore, our data confirm that lateralization of brain function is regionally dynamic and includes PCr.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are assumed to inversely reflect the cellular energy load. This study detected a diurnal decrease of intracellular PCr and a nap-associated reincrease in the left thalamus. Pi behaved inversely. This outcome corroborates the role of the thalamus as a region of high energy consumption in agreement with its function as a gateway that relays and modulates information flow. Conversely to the dynamic lateralization of thalamic PCr, a constantly significant lateralization was observed in other regions. Increasing fatigue over the course of the day may also be a matter of cerebral energy supply. Comparatively fast restoration of that supply may be part of the biological basis for the recreational value of “power napping.”
The Chemical Oceanography of the Bras D'Or Lakes
Authors: Strain Peter M. , Yeats Philip A.
Published: October 2018

Chemical oceanography of the Bras D'Or Lakes
DO WE KNOW BEETLES? LESSONS FROM NEW RECORDS OF CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FOR NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: McCorquodale David B. , Bondrup-Nielsen Soren
Published: October 2018

The long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are taxonomically relatively well known in North America and can potentially serve as an important forest biomonitoring tool. For such a tool to work accurate distributional data are required. We compared the status of cerambycids for Nova Scotia based on specimens in collections with two recent compilations that include distributional information, one for Canada and one for northeastern North America. We found major discrepancies. The two compilations reported a total of 55 species, while 87 species were in the collections examined. An accurate and up to date inventory is essential. This is underscored by the recent concern for the “invasion” of the Brown Spruce Long-horn Beetle, Tetropium fuscum, in Nova Scotia that was first collected more than 10 years ago, but misidentified. Both regional and national collections need to be supported to ensure effective strategies for conservation and forest management.En Amérique du Nord, les longicornes (Coléoptères : Cérambycidés) sont assez bien connus sur le plan taxinomique et pourraient constituer un outil important dans la surveillance biologique des forêts. Pour qu’un tel outil soit efficace, il faut disposer de données précises sur la répartition des insectes. Nous avons comparé la situation des Cérambycidés de la Nouvelle-Écosse, établie à partir de spécimens de collections, à deux compilations récentes qui comprennent des données relatives à la répartition, à savoir une pour le Canada (Bousquet, 1991) et une pour le nord-est de l’Amérique du Nord (Dowie et Arnett, 1996). Nous avons découvert des différences notables. Les deux compilations font état d’un total de 55 espèces, tandis que 85 espèces ont été recensées dans les collections examinées. Il est essentiel d’effectuer un inventaire précis et à jour. Cette nécessité est soulignée par le problème récent de l’« envahissement » du longicorne brun de l’épinette (Tetropium fuscum) en Nouvelle-Écosse, qui avait été récolté pour la première fois il y a plus de 10 ans, mais mal identifié. Il faut soutenir les collections régionales et nationales pour assurer le succès des stratégies de conservation et d’aménagement des forêts.
A REPORT ON A CONSERVATION PLANNING PROCESS FOR A TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION VISION IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Beazley Karen , Willison Martin , Long Robert , MacKay Paula
Published: October 2018

In May of 1999, a workshop was held to lay the groundwork for a conservation plan to maintain and restore terrestrial and marine biodiversity. The products of the workshop include vision maps and recommendations for biodiversity conservation in Nova Scotia. The wild lands conservation vision identifies existing protected areas, areas suitable for filling gaps in the representation of natural landscape types, and other areas of significant ecological value. Four types of conservation areas are proposed: 1) core areas, to be managed primarily for ecological processes; 2) connectivity zones between core areas; 3) aquatic/marine zones around islands, headlands, bays, lakes and rivers; and, 4) compatible use zones, which provide a buffer function while allowing for human uses. The wild seas conservation vision includes five conservation categories: 1) marine management units; 2) marine protected areas (MPA’s) selected with particular attention to the benthic zones (ocean floor); 3) core “no take” zones in areas of unique or sensitive features, species or assemblages; 4) a special management zone for larval retention; and, 5) a “no-dragger” zone to protect fragile deep sea corals.En mai 1999, on a tenu un atelier visant à préparer le terrain pour un plan de conservation ayant pour but de maintenir et de restaurer la biodiversité terrestre et marine. Les produits de l’atelier comprennent notamment des cartes et des recommandations en ce qui concerne la conservation de la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Écosse. Le projet de conservation des terres sauvages comprend les zones actuellement protégées, les zones qui permettraient de combler les lacunes dans la représentation des types de paysages naturels et d’autres régions importantes sur le plan écologique. On propose d’établir quatre types de zones de conservation : 1) des zones principales, à gérer surtout en fonction des processus écologiques; 2) des zones de connectivité entre les zones principales; 3) des zones aquatiques ou marines autour des îles et des caps, baies, lacs et rivières; 4) des zones d’utilisations compatibles servant de zones tampons et utilisables par les humains. En ce qui concerne la conservation des mers sauvages, on propose cinq catégories de conservation : 1) des unités de gestion marines; 2) des zones de protection marine (ZPM) choisies particulièrement en fonction des zones benthiques (plancher océanique); 3) des zones principales sans prélèvement dans des régions à caractéristiques, espèces ou assemblages d’espèces uniques ou sensibles; 4) une zone de gestion spéciale pour la rétention larvaire; 5) une zone sans dragage pour protéger les coraux fragiles des grands fonds marins.
GENE EXPRESSION DURING INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF PLANTS
Authors: Estabrooks Tammy , Dong Zhongmin
Published: October 2018

Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells are induced into an embryogenic state, followed by differentiation into embryos. Somatic embryogenesis, in addition to being a method of propagation, can serve as an experimental tool for research into plant embryo development. This is a review of the current literature on in vitro plant somatic embryogenesis and the molecular advances made to identify genes expressed during the various stages of this process. Some factors hindering the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis are discussed.L’embryogenèse somatique est le processus par lequel les cellules somatiques passent à l’état embryogène et se différencient en embryons. En plus de constituer une méthode de propagation, elle peut servir d’outil expérimental de recherche pour développer des embryons de plantes. Le présent document est une revue de la documentation sur l’embryogenèse somatique végétale in vitro et sur les progrès réalisés à l’échelle moléculaire pour identifier les gènes exprimés au cours des divers stades du processus. On examine aussi certains facteurs qui rendent difficile l’élucidation des mécanismes moléculaires de l’embryogenèse somatique.
John Gray Aldous
Authors: Obituary Obituary
Published: October 2018

John Gray Aldous (1916 - 2002)
Stirling G. Whiteway
Authors: Obituary Obituary
Published: October 2018

Obituary
President's Address
Authors: NSIS NSIS
Published: October 2018

NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCESESSION 2000-2001President’s Address
ANTI-INFLAMMATION: FINDING A NEW ROLE FOR HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Chen Yu , Currie R. William
Published: October 2018

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins and have been proven to protect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in most organisms against external stressors, whether environmental or pathophysiological. This defense mechanism probably depends on the roles of Hsps as molecular chaperones in governing proper protein assembly, folding and transport or as anti -apoptotic regulators of cell death pathways. Recent investigations on human inflammatory diseases indicate that Hsps may be involved in the process of inflammation. In this short review, we describe the general concept of heat shock proteins and inflammation and the new anti-inflammation role of heat shock proteins in various inflammatory diseases such as infection, autoimmune diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiovascular diseases and chemical-induced diseases. The Hsps may act as autoantigens to stimulate the immune system and interact with inflammatory intracellular signaling pathways to regulate the inflammatory response. There are still unanswered questions about the heat shock response that require further investigation.Les proteines de choc thermique (Hsps) sont des proteines hautement conservees qui protegent les cellules de la plupart des organismes procaryotes et eucaryotes contre les facteurs de stress externes, que ceux-ci soient d'origine environnementale ou pathophysiologique. Ce mecanisme de defense est probablement lie au role de molecule chaperonne des Hsps qui interviennent dans I'assemblage, Ie repliement et Ie transport des proteines ou qui agissent comme agents anti-apoptotiques (regulation de la mort cellulaire). Oes recherches recentes sur les maladies inflammatoires humaines indiquent que les Hsps peuvent intervenir dans Ie processus d'inflammation. Dans Ie cadre de cecourt resum,e, nous decrivons Ie concept general de proteines de choc thermique et de I'inflammation ainsi que Ie nouveau role anti-inflammatoire des proteines de choc thermique dans diverses maladies inflammatoires telles que les infections, les maladies autoimmunes, les lesions d'ischemie/reperfusion , les maladies cardiovasculaires et les maladies d'origine chimique. Les Hsps peuvent agir it titre d'autoantigimes qui stimulent Ie systeme immunitaire et interviennent dans les voies de signalisation intracellulaire en cas d'inflammation pour reguler la reaction inflamrnatoire. Les questions qui restent toujours sans reponse it propos de la rea ction au choc thermique doivent faire I'objet de recherchesplus poussees.
OCCURRENCE OF THE SWAMP LYMNAEA, Lymnaea stagnalis (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA) IN ATLANTIC CANADA
Authors: McAlpine Donald F. , Hughes Liam C. , Alexander Arianne
Published: October 2018

The occurrence of the swamp lymnaea, Lymnaea stagnalis (linnaeus 1758). a large,distinctive, pulmonate snail, has been documented in Atlantic Canada for the first time. It is unclear if the populations reported here are relictual, or whether L stagnalis has been introduced into Atlantic Canada.On a signata pour la premiere fois, dans Ie Canada atlantique, I?I pre~ ence de lagrande Iymnee des etangs, Lymnaea stagnalis (linne, 1758). un gros escargot putmane caracteristique. On ne sait pas si les populations signatees sont relictuelles ou si L. stagnalis a ete introduit au Canada atlantique.
Instructions to Authors
Authors: Instructions Instructions
Published: October 2018

Instructions to authors
WOODVILLE ICE CAVE (HANTS COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA) AND NOTES ON THE ‘ICE CAVES’ OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES
Authors: Moseley M.
Published: October 2018

Several caves and sinkholes where snow and ice persist well into the summer exist in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In the past they were sometimes used as a source of ice or for cold storage, and are known locally as ‘ice caves’ or ‘ice holes’. Although they are not true ice caves in the speleological sense of the term because they do not contain perennial ice, they are very similar. Woodville Ice Cave in Hants County, Nova Scotia, described here, is a particularly good example. Invertebrates and bats recorded from such sites are briefly discussed and the possibility of finding psychrophilic fauna in them is suggested.Plusieurs grottes et dolines sont présentes là où la neige et la glace ne disparaissent que tard durant l’été en Nouvelle‑Écosse et au Nouveau-Brunswick. Autrefois, elles étaient parfois utilisées comme sources de glace ou aux fins d’entreposage sous froid. À l’échelle locale, elles sont connues sous le nom de glacières ou de puits de neige. Elles ne sont pas de véritables glacières au sens habituel dans le domaine de la spéléologie parce qu’elles ne contiennent pas de glace pérenne, mais elles sont très semblables. La grotte Woodville (Woodville Ice Cave) dans le comté de Hants (N.-É.) décrite dans leprésent document, est un très bon exemple. Nous discutons brièvement des invertébrés et des chauves‑souris observés dans de telles grottes et dolines, et nous suggérons qu’il est peut-être possible d’y observer des organismes psychrophiles.
Peter John Wangersky, Harry Cleveland Freeman
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

Not available
WAITING FOR A CURE: BALANCING MEDICINE AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH CANCER
Authors: Murphy Robyn M.
Published: October 2018

2010 Science Writing Prize
President's Report 2007-2008
Authors: O'Halloran Mary-Jane
Published: October 2018

Not available.
President's Report 2009-2010
Authors: Richardson David H.S.
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Treasurer's Report March 2010
Authors: Financial Statements NSIS
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Librarian's Report 2010
Authors: Longard Sharon
Published: October 2018

Not available.
NS Scientific Hall of Fame
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

Carlyle S. Beals (1899-1979)Field: Astronomy
NS Scientific Hall of Fame
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

Margaret Sibella Brown (1866-1961)Field:  Botany, specializing in bryophytes
Errata for Volume 46 (1) (Special Issue)
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

See attached.
LIBRARIAN’S REPORT 2010/2011 Prepared for AGM May 2, 2011
Authors: Longard Sharon
Published: October 2018

REPORTS FROM THE NSIS COUNCILNOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
TREASURER'S REPORT NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE MARCH 31, 2011
Authors: McCulloch Elaine D.
Published: October 2018

REPORTS FROM THE NSIS COUNCILNOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Cover, Editorial Board, etc.
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

Not available.
GROWTH AND OVERPOPULATION OF YELLOW PERCH AND THE APPARENT EFFECT OF INCREASED COMPETITION ON BROOK TROUT IN LONG LAKE, HALIFAX COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Munro Cathy L.
Published: October 2018

A fish survey was conducted on Long Lake, Woodens River, Halifax County, Nova Scotia during May 2005. A total of 2711 yellow perch were captured over a twelve day period and were the most abundant fish. Fifty-eight yellow perch were sampled for length, weight, scales, and sex. Total length of yellow perch ranged from 81mm to 276 mm with a mean of 133mm. Ages determined from scale analysis ranged from 2 to 13 years but 95% were younger than 8 years of age. Age at maturity was 2 years. The Von Bertalanffy growth relationship for yellow perch described slow growth and suggested stunting which is consistent in crowded populations. Increased abundance of yellow perch and reduced abundance of brook trout has been reported by anglers in the Woodens River system and was evident from our catches. The apparent effect of increased, intraguild competition on the brook trout population is discussed.Keywords: yellow perch, brook trout, overpopulation, stunting, intraguild competition.
TURBIDITY CURRENTS: A UNIQUE PART OF NOVA SCOTIA’S AFRICAN GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE
Authors: Black Carolanne
Published: October 2018

Four hundred million years ago, when the supercontinent Pangea wastorn apart, a piece of the continental crust from material that is now partof Africa broke off on the North American side. That piece of Africabecame southern Nova Scotia. The African rock was made of materialdeposited by ancient turbidity currents. Created by submarine landslides,turbidity currents still happen today. Whether evaluating these sedimentaryrocks for oil and gas deposits or for building a city, or studying thepossibility of future turbidity currents along the coast to be prepared fora tsunami, turbidity currents are studied by scientists because they havean impact on Nova Scotians.Keywords: turbidite, turbidity current, Grand Banks earthquake,
REPORTS FROM THE NSIS COUNCIL Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Authors: Council Reports NSIS
Published: October 2018

Various reports of the NSIS Council.
Hall of Fame Inductees
Authors: Hall of Fame NSIS
Published: October 2018

In which Willard S. Boyle and Kenneth Henry Mann are inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Editorial: Another Notable Anniversary Rachel Carson’s ‘Silent Spring’ and its Influence
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2018

Marking the 50th anniversary of the publication of 'Silent Spring' written by Rachel Carson.
Supporting Science in Canada
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Coronilla varia L. (Fabaceae): AN INVADER OF A COASTAL BARRIER BEACH IN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
Authors: Flynn Andrea , Miller Anthony G. , Garbary David J.
Published: October 2018

CCoronilla varia L. (crown vetch) is described as an invasive plant on a coastal sand dune system (Mahoneys Beach) in Nova Scotia facing the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. This is the first time that C. varia has been shown as invasive in Atlantic Canada, and the first time it has been characterized as invasive on coastal sand dunes. Accordingly, colonies of C. varia forming more than 90% of the plant cover occupy 8% of the total dune system and account for 32% of the area in the vegetation zone where C. varia has become abundant. C. varia can achieve high percentage cover, with all of the major dune plants, i.e., Ammophila breviligulata, Lathyrus japonicus, Toxicodendron radicans and Myrica pensylvanica. Where C. varia achieves maximum abundance (i.e., >80% cover and ca. 200 shoots m2), it has seemingly replaced A. breviligulata and L. japonicus. We do not know when C. varia first colonized Mahoneys Beach, but conspicuous colonies were recorded there by 2005, and a colony was found on the adjacent dune system (Dunns Beach) for the first time in 2010.Key Words: Coronilla varia, crown vetch, Fabaceae, invasive species, Nova Scotia, sand dunes
Editorial: The growing role of citizen science in monitoring environmental change – achieving a balance with government programs?
Authors: Wells Peter G. , Richardson David H.S.
Published: October 2018

Not available
The formation of brightest cluster galaxies: the case of ABELL 407
Authors: Edwards Louise O.V.
Published: October 2018

This article begins with a general introduction to galaxy formation and evolution and ends with a discussion of the long-term spectroscopic study: The Role of Close Companions in the Formation of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light. To illustrate the power, goals and aims of this larger project, preliminary data for one of the galaxy clusters in our sample is presented, Abell 407, which appears to be caught in the act of forming its Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG).
Resident Greater Yellowlegs on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia
Authors: Elliott J.A. , Elliott G.H.
Published: October 2018

Resident Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) were monitored over a fiveyear period (2010-2014) at four sites within a selected 30 km by 30 km section on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada, to see if the sites are regular annual breeding territories. Three sites were occupied every year, while the fourth was only occupied in one year. There is evidence that adults arrive on site as bonded pairs, arriving as early as the third week of April, which is in advance of the peak in the seasonal continental migration. Brooding and chick rearing through May and early June enable fledgingby the third week of June. Adults leave by about mid-July; juveniles have remained on site until late August. Encroachment by forestry and recreational activities appears to have been accommodated by nesting pairs.
Elemental fingerprints of otoliths from smolt of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758, from three Maritime watersheds: Natural tag for stock discrimination
Authors: Reader Jeffrey M. , Spares Aaron , Stokesbury Michael J.W. , Avery Trevor S. , Dadswell Michael J.
Published: October 2018

The utility of otolith elemental fingerprintsfor discriminating sub-regional stocks of Atlantic salmon was examined. Otoliths were removed from Atlantic salmon smolts collected from three individual river watersheds in the Canadian Maritimes during spring and analyzed for 27 elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES). Calcium and minor and trace elements were precisely measured in whole otoliths at concentrations well above detection limits. Six elements (Ba, Pb, Li, Mn, Rb, and Tl) were significantlydifferent among watersheds. Linear discriminate function analysis based on otolith elemental concentrations of Li, Mn, Rb, and Tl correctly classifiedsmolts to their river of origin with an average accuracy of 73%. At a slightly greater spatial scale of large watersheds, correct mean classificationrate was 92% based on a fingerprintof four elements (Ba, Li, Mn, and Rb). Results indicate that elemental fingerprintsof otoliths can be used to discriminate among river management stocks which may be important in the future since dried or frozen stored otoliths retain their signature indefiniely and otoliths are often available from previous studies. Otolith elemental fingerprintswould be effective as a natural tag of a river system or biogeoclimatic zone of origin when applied to the study and management of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Tribute to Dr. Leo C. Vining
Authors: Magarvey Nathan A. , Demain Arnold L.
Published: October 2018

(Reprinted from the J. Antibiotics (2013) 66, 359-360)
Restoration of a Nova Scotia stream to enhance Atlantic salmon provides few benefits to benthic invertebrates
Authors: Têtu Catherine , Mitchell Sean , MacInnis Charles , Taylor Barry R.
Published: October 2018

Stream restoration is often undertaken with the goal of improving habitat for one focal species, most often a salmonid fish such as trout or salmon. Improvements in channel structure, especially the flushing of silt from sediments, should also benefit benthic invertebrate communities, but studies to date suggest substantial changes in benthic communities following restoration are not common. In a third-order Nova Scotia stream, we examined the effect of successful restoration to improve habitat for spawning Atlantic salmon on benthic invertebrate communities at sites where clogging of the bottom cobble with fine silt had been alleviated.  In a long-term comparison of two restored sites and two degraded sites, only six of 24 insect taxa showed increased population density five or seven years after restoration. In a second comparison of a comparatively undisturbed site against a newly restored site and a site restored eight years earlier, only three invertebrate taxa appeared to respond positively and consistently to restoration. In both studies there were no substantial changes in total invertebrate density, taxa richness, Simpson’s diversity index or other community metrics over five years, except for a decline in the EPT/Chironomids ratio in the second study. Ordination of sites by correspondence analysis showed that, in both studies, benthic communities at unrestored control sites and restored sites were clearly different and did not become more similar through time. A long-term restructuring of the benthic community in the entire brook is suggested by the appearance of silt-intolerant shredders (Lepidostoma, Leuctra) among the most abundant members of the benthos in the second study, replacing silt-tolerant collectors (Tricorythodes, Optioservus) that dominated the earlier study. Habitat factors unaffected by in-stream restoration (frequent high discharge, lack of woody debris) limit benthic communities more than substratum quality.
Mapping the topography and land cover of Sable Island
Authors: Colville David , Reeves Brittany , Ure Darien , Livingstone Bill , Stewart Heather
Published: October 2018

In September 2014 the Applied Geomatics Research Group (AGRG) completed a third aerial mapping campaign of Sable Island.  The AGRG first mapped the island in October 2002 with an aerial photography survey.  Then in August 2009 AGRG conducted an aerial photography and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) survey.  Five years later these same technologies were deployed again.  Each of these surveys led to an orthophoto mosaic of the island and a mapping of the land cover.  The 2009 and 2014 surveys also mapped the island’s topography using Digital Surface Models (DSMs) derived from the LiDAR data.  Ground-truthing efforts associated with each survey provided data to assist with the interpretation and validation of the results.The repeat surveys resulted in an excellent opportunity to quantify the topographic and land cover changes that have occurred on the island.  The mapped results provide a comparison of how and where these changes have occurred over the years.  AGRG is working with Parks Canada to better understand how the topography and land cover are changing.  This understanding will contribute to Parks Canada Ecological Integrity monitoring program for Sable Island and inform the management planning process for one of Canada’s newest national parks.
History of research at the St. Andrews Biological Station – a perspective
Authors: Hubbard Jennifer M.
Published: October 2018

N/A
NSIS and Atlantic ecosystems initiative to make data accessible – one dataset at a a time
Authors: Brown Geoff , Kennedy Mary , Sherin Andrew , Appeltans Ward , Mills Eric L. , Laviolette Lance
Published: October 2018

N/A
The centenary of the Canadian Fisheries Expedition (1914/15): an important milestone in the history of North American marine research
Authors: Sinclair Michael
Published: October 2018

N/A
Mary Anne White – a distinguished NSIS member
Authors: Etkin Nola
Published: October 2018

N/A
A survey of the seaweeds of Lennox Passage and St. Peters Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Vandermeulen Herb
Published: October 2018

A novel, bay-scale (i.e. tens of km) survey method was employed to examine algal populations on the southwestern shore of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Since traditional remote sensing methods were unlikely to be successful in these waters, underwater video and acoustic methods were applied. A transponder positioned towfish housing video camera and sidescan sonar was hauled along predetermined transects perpendicular to shore to provide information on bottom type and algal cover. The towfish data were used to ground truth echosounder data (bottom type and macrophyte canopy height) collected along 5, 10 and 20 m depth contour lines. The survey area was divided into six zones comprising a range of exposure, depth and bottom types. Destructive quadrat samples were collected at each depth, plus shore stations, to provide biomass estimates. Over thirty taxa were enumerated, indicating depths and zones of common occurrence. Ascophyllum was abundant at some of the shore stations. The genera Chondrus, Cystoclonium, Desmarestia, Fucus, Phyllophora, Polysiphonia, and Saccharina were common at 5 m. Desmarestia and Saccharina dominated at 10 m with wet weights sometimes over 1 kg·m-2. Agarum dominated at 20 m. The towfish / echosounder grid sampling system was relatively coarse in order to cover the 140 km2 survey area within 12 days. As a result, the survey did not produce spatially detailed information. However, adequate information was gathered to describe the general characteristics of bottom type and algal cover by zone and for focussing further exploration.
The student science writing competition of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Authors: Bird Hank
Published: October 2018

N/A
Estimage: A mobile application in agriculture for image to object count estimation
Authors: Chen Yonghong
Published: October 2018

A major problem in the agricultural field is accurately estimating the yield of produce. Typically, farmers must wait to measure their crops after harvest using manual mechanical equipment. There is value in having better methods of yield estimation based on data that can be captured with inexpensive technology in the field, such as a smartphone. We develop a smartphone application for the Android platform with access to a cloud-based machine learning (ML) service that can estimate the amount of crop on a bush or tree from an image. The development of an image-to-object-count estimation system called Estimage is presented. The Estimage system consists of an Android client application for user interaction, a PHP server application for request handling, an Octave program for image normalization, and an open-source ML software package called ilastik that applies a predictive model to an image. The functionality of the mobile client application is tested and the system satisfies all of the functional requirements and most of the non-functional requirements. The system is tested on the images of coins on a table, logs stacked in a pile, and blueberries on the bush. We show that the system is capable of accurately estimating the count of objects in the images that have objects of the same (size, colour, and shape) as that used to train the model. The system is good at distinguishing object pixels from the image background pixels provided the background is consistent with that used to train the model.
A review of the monitoring and management of Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in lowbush blueberrie
Authors: Wilson Carolyn
Published: October 2018

The recent arrival of spotted-wing drosophilia (Drosophila suzukii) to eastern Canada is a major threat to the million dollar lowbush blueberry industry. The highly fecund female fly lays her eggs in ripe soft-skinned fruit. The maturing larvae consume the fruit interior, ultimately resulting in fruit collapse and decreased yield. Effective monitoring and management of this pest is essential for reducing the risk of export market closure and economic losses. In this literature review, an integrated pest management plan is developed that outlines current monitoring and management practices for the pest and considers preventative physical, chemical and biological controls.
Instructions to Authors / Recommendations au auteurs
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

N/A
Perspective on warm climate intervals and their history: How might coastal Canada adapt to an ocean-related and potentially negative impact of predicted warmer conditions?
Authors: Schafer Charles T.
Published: October 2018

Past warm intervals lasting from decades to centuries can be observed throughout the late Holocene geologic record using various proxy physical, chemical and fossil indices, in conjunction with seasonal information such as the timing of the first flowers of the spring season, or by the dates of first freezing and thaws of fresh water bodies, that have been recorded in various journals.  Three important warm intervals that have been identified over the past 3500 years include the Late Bronze Age Optimum (BAO)(~1350 to ~1200 BC), the Iron/Roman Age Optimum (I/RAO)(~250 BC to ~400 AD) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP)(~950 to ~1250 AD). The early phase of the BAO featured maximum development of the Hittite Empire and the evolution of the palace economy. The timing and duration of the later I/RAO show considerable variation from place to place in the Northern Hemisphere.  MWP proxy records from several regions indicate that, like the I/RAO pattern, peak warmth occurred at different times in different places included in the Period’s overall footprint. Paleo-temperatures, both slightly cooler and warmer than present, have been reported. The WMP occurred during the Middle Ages at a time of the expansion of major commercial routes along the Mediterranean Sea coast and during an interval when Vikings explored and settled in some areas of the North Atlantic region.Sea level rise is among the suite of important ocean-related negative impacts that are often associated with contemporary global warming scenarios. Both early and modern societies have developed effective adaptation strategies and mitigation techniques to resist rising sea levels and flooding. Many of these have utility for Canada in both inland and especially in coastal areas of the Maritime Provinces. Early sea level rise and tidal flow mitigation measures include the construction of dykes around low-lying areas, sand dune stabilization and shoreline armoring using large boulders in concert with breakwaters and groynes. Today, there is also opportunity for the application of beach nourishment and artificial dune construction to resist erosion by storm waves and alongshore currents but these typically require annual maintenance to remain effective. Last resort mechanisms range from stilt home construction to abandonment (managed retreat) of previously impacted coastal areas. It is very likely that, when needed, Canadians will be able to apply a broad range of modern and ancient effective technologies and to engage engineering expertise to develop new (e.g., hybrid) approaches for combating specific negative coastal impacts than were available to BAO, I/RAO and MWP societies.
Council Reports
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

N/A
Sobre la relación entre inversión extranjera de cartera y la tasa de cambio: un estudio de causalidad para Colombia 2000-2014.
Authors: Parra Moreno Carlos Fernando , Rosero Omar , Pinzón Jose
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se desarrolla un análisis de causalidad entre la tasa de cambio y los flujos de inversión extranjera de cartera para Colombia durante el periodo 2000 a 2014. El rápido crecimiento de dichos flujos merece la atención dada su importancia en el desarrollo del mercado de capitales y su dinámica, que comprende un lemento de difícil control. A través de un modelo VAR y pruebas de causalidad de Granger, se muestra que la inversión extranjera de cartera no tiene efectos significativos sobre el comportamiento de la tasa de cambio y viceversa. Los resultados muestran la compleja relación entre las dos variables, consistentes con la evidencia internacional.