bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crescimento urbano desordenado do Complexo Frei Calixto – Baianão, Porto Seguro – BA: um estudo da degradação dos mananciais
Authors: Rocha Wilson da Silva
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho analisou os impactos ambientais do processo de urbanização do Complexo Baianão no município de Porto Seguro – BA, a partir do intenso fluxo migratório causado pela crise econômica da região cacaueira, afetada pela vassoura de bruxa na década de 1990. Esse fator originou o surgimento acelerado de um complexo de bairros em Área de Preservação Permanente, comprometendo a sustentabilidade dos mananciais, principalmente o que abastece a população local. Outro ponto levantado nessa investigação, é a ausência de políticas públicas no uso e ocupação do solo de forma sustentável, demonstrando uma fragilidade no ordenamento urbano, forçando uma parcela desses migrantes a ocuparem espaço de encostas, gerando assim, impactos socioambientais. A urbanização rápida, sem o devido gerenciamento urbano ecológico e econômico da área em estudo tem se mostrado como um dos principais problemas ambientais e de zoneamento das áreas ocupadas. A problemática desse estudo, surgiu a partir de dois fatores: Da urbanização e crescimento acelerado do Complexo do Baianão em Área de Preservação Permanente, comprometendo a sustentabilidade dos mananciais, principalmente o que abastece a população local. O segundo fator, consiste na ausência de acervos científicos sobre essa temática. Para a realização desta pesquisa qualitativa, formam utilizadas fontes bibliográficas que tratam da referida temática, incluindo legislações ambientais, o processamento de imagens de satélites da região investigada através do software Qgis 3.12 e atividade de campo. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontaram lacunas nas políticas públicas que norteiam o uso e ocupação de áreas urbanas desse complexo de bairros. Nesse sentido, considera-se relevante essa pesquisa pois, propicia novos olhares e questionamentos sobre crescimento urbano desordenado vem comprometendo os sistemas naturais frágeis e vazão hídrica no município de Porto Seguro – BA.
Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hironaka-Mitsuhashi Ai , Takayama Shin , Jimbo Kenjiro , Suto Akihiko , Shimomura Akihiko , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: January 2022

Background: Recurrence of breast cancer remains a critical problem. Therefore, it is imperative to identify biomarkers that accurately reflect disease state and develop novel drug therapies that are effective even after recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the malignant transformation of various tumors. Circulating miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Additionally, miRNAs are regarded as next-generation drug targets. Currently, various clinical trials are being conducted for anti-cancer drugs using miRNAs. In this review, we summarized recent studies on miRNA functions and circulating miRNAs in breast cancer, and discussed the status of miRNAs as drug discovery candidates. We also discussed the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the clinical application of miRNAs.Methods: Relevant articles published from 2002 to 2021 were acquired from PubMed database using the following key words: “miRNA” and “breast neoplasia”. Clinical trial data were retrieved from the database, ClinicalTrials.gov.Results: Regulating these miRNAs may provide a new therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, miRNAs may be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. In addition, miRNAs have potential as anti-cancer agents, and may also be used in combination with other therapies to enhance the efficacies of other drugs.Conclusion: In summary, miRNAs have shown promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, EVs will be the key to expanding the applications of miRNAs.
Multigaussian and plurigaussian simulation to quantify uncertainty in estimating ore grades and rock types in copper deposits [Simulación multigaussiana y plurigaussiana para cuantificar incertidumbre en la estimación de leyes de mineral y tipos de rocas en yacimientos cupríferos]
Authors: Cotrina Teatino Marco Antonio , Vega González Juan Antonio
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this researching was to quantify the uncertainty of a copper deposit using multigaussian simulation of grades of rock types. The developed algorithms for simulation of categorical variables, usgsim for continuous variables and algorithms programmed in Python 3.0. The dimensions of a block are 20x20x15m indexed 81x109x58 in xyz; making a total of 512 082 blocks. The results of the categorical simulations show that there is a probability (p.v. ≥ 0.8) of 19 987, 227 387 and 49 036 blocks for rock type 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Consequently, the quantified uncertainty for this threshold (0.8) is 20 %; representing 58 % of the blocks. On the other hand, the quantification of the uncertainty of continuous variables (associated with grades of Cu and Mo), not less than 90, 80 and 70 %, based on cut-off thresholds of variance per block, resulted in lithology One 353, 1900 and 7553 blocks with Cu grades, which represents 0.07, 0.37 and 1.49 % of the total blocks, respectively; a total of 24, 139 and 582 blocks with grades of Mo,

representing 0.006, 0.027 and 0.114 % of the total blocks; for lithology Two there were 106, 648 and 2739 blocks with Cu grades, which represents 0.021, 0.127 and 0.535 % of the total blocks; a total of 32, 129 and 357 blocks with grades of Mo, which represents 0.006, 0.025 and 0.070 % of the total blocks; finally for lithology 3 there were 478, 2324 and 8804 blocks with Cu grades, which represents 0.093, 0.454 and 1.719 % of the total blocks; a total of 93, 355 and 982 blocks with grades of Mo, which represents 0.018, 0.069 and 0.192 % of the total blocks. 

Finally, it is concluded that it was possible to quantify the uncertainty in the estimation of mineral grades and rock types in a copper deposit.
Impact on the soil and the infiltration as a consequence of oil palm cultivation (Elaeis guineensis jacq) in Tabasco
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Rufo , Hernández Silván José Eduardo , Estrada Botello Maximiano Antonio , Mendoza Palacios Juan de Dios , Gayosso Rodríguez Salomé , Cortes Ferra Priscila Desiree
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the possible negative impacts on soil fertility, as a result of the soil use change from the grassland to oil palm.
Design/methodology/approach: The following variables were evaluated: soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), mechanical penetration resistance (MPR), root system distribution, and infiltration in 5-, 11- and 25-year-old oil palm plantations, as well as in an adjoining grassland —whose land use had not changed to oil palm cultivation.
Results: During the first years of cultivation, the substitution of the grassland for oil palm caused SOM losses, increased BD and MPR, and reduced infiltration levels. After 11 years, these effects became stable and were reversed. Therefore, in mature plantations of >25 years, the soil and infiltration conditions improved, even surpassing the grassland. These changes occur at a depth of 40 cm and are attributable to the SOM provided by the root system; consequently, root distribution does not block infiltration, becoming a beneficial factor, particularly in mature plantations.
Study limitations/implications: The research must be replicated under other soil conditions, in order to observe the fertility behavior.
Findings/conclusions: After the grassland is replaced by oil palm, soil fertility deteriorates during the first years; fertility becomes stable and recovers after 11 years. Meanwhile, the effect reverses and surpasses grassland fertility levels after 25 years.
Detection of huanglongbing of citruses (Citrus sp.) through Sentinel-2satellite images in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Yzquierdo Alvarez Marilyn Estefania , Ortiz-García Carlos Fredy , Rincón-Ramírez Joaquín Alberto
Published: January 2022

Objective: Develop a fast, practical, and inexpensive methodology for determining plants with HLB symptoms by exploring the potential use of Sentinel-2 satellite images.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Sentinel-2 images were used to perform a supervised classification to discriminate healthy Persian lime trees and trees with HLB molecularly verified by qPCR, and other land uses in the citrus growing area of Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Results: The results showed that in the green (560nm), red (665 nm), and near-infrared (705 nm) band regions, the spectral response of trees with HLB is higher than that of healthy trees. Likewise, there is an area of 26.96 and 12 981 hectares of Persian lime affected and free of HLB, respectively, with an accuracy of 0.84 % and a Kappa coefficient of 0.83. Field verification corroborated three plantations where plants with HLB were previously detected and are currently in production.
Study Limitations/Implications: The study was carried out in the season of less cloud cover, as this is a limiting factor for the image analysis since it can lead to inadequate tracking of the affected area.
Findings/Conclusions: The results showed that it is possible to differentiate Persian lime plants affected by HLB from healthy plants using Sentinel-2 satellite images
Death Scene Insect Succession in Nebraska: A Guidebook
Authors: Bauer Erin , Barksdale Larry , Sidel Emm , Laviolette Justine
Published: January 2022

Insect behavior can be helpful to law enforcement in
determining time of death, manner of death, location, and
environment related to human or other animal victims found
at a death scene. They may also provide clues about other
aspects associated with an investigation (i.e., fly specks,
suspect DNA). The study of how insects and related
arthropods can aid in legal investigations is known as forensic
entomology. Although this includes both civil applications,
such as urban (i.e., maggots in mortuaries or insect structural
damage) or stored product (i.e., illness from food
contamination) entomology, this manual focuses on criminal
applications, such as how insect evidence can be used at death
scene investigations.
One of the most important uses of entomological evidence
for crime scene cases is in estimating time since death, or
postmortem interval (PMI). Another related term, which is
sometimes used interchangeably with PMI, and in other cases
is used separately, is “time since colonization.” This is the time
at which insects first colonize a dead body. Because blow flies
visit a body often within minutes of death, it is reasonable
that this would coincide with PMI. However, it is important
to note that due to other factors such as temperature, location,
weather conditions, and other variables, insect activity can
accelerate or slow down and thus influence PMI. PMI can
even be set back if animal predators find a corpse and feed on
the flesh, inadvertently eating or destroying any insect eggs
that have been laid on it. In this case, the earliest eggs to hatch
on a body may be the offspring of insects that arrived later
in the decomposition process rather than from initial insect
visitors. If the body appears damaged by predator activity,
the possibility of early colonizer larvae having been destroyed
should be taken into consideration when making PMI
estimations.
The Construction of a Feminized Adolescent: A Case Study of Institutional Discourse through Speech Act Analysis
Authors: Li Zilin , Ma Junjie , Ma Yingxin
Published: January 2022

A recently released proclamation about the measure towards the phenomenon of ‘adolescent's feminization’ from the Ministry of Education of China has raised public controversy and performs as an instance of institutional discourse that enables the construction of a new social identity. This paper is a discourse analysis carried out upon such an institutional discourse that is entextualised as a public transcript to investigate the very question of how institution constructs social identity by an entextualised discourse. In this sense, the research critically adopts Norton and Hall' theory of identity construct and is further addressed through the lens of entextualisation. Specifically, the case is studied through the approach of speech act analysis, involving the analysis of locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. In this sense, the study will be presented as a new mode of identity construct through an integrated lens of speech act theory and the authorization of institutional discourse, with special regard to the public discourse of feminism. As a result, the power of the institution underlines the central place of inscription in the construction of institutional authority and enables the legitimacy of the institutionally defined identity of a feminized adolescent.
Culinary Center in Dalegan Gresik, East Java with a Wave Metaphor Architecture Approach
Authors: Sholicha Ni’matus , Widjajanti Wiwik Widyo , Poedjioetami Esty
Published: January 2022

Tourism sector has potential of development as it belongs to one of regional revenue sources for Gresik Regency. One of tourism sectors that has great potential is culinary tourism. To Gresik Regency, improving tourism is possible to do because total visits of culinary tourism get increasing from year to year.  Unfortunately, a specific culinary site which can accommodate typical food of Gresik has not been available yet. Therefore, the researcher planned and designed Culinary Centre in Dalegan Gresik, East Java under the theme of metaphoric architecture. To collect the research data, several methods were employed such as field study, literature study, and descriptive analysis. The macro concept of recreational is implemented by adjusting the title in the tourism site through the micro concept of dynamic land order having relaxed elements. The micro concept of shape accommodates wavy metaphor of sea water. Thus, this design is expected to be used as the basis for Gresik development so that it becomes a tourism object which can provide food-based recreational service and entertainment to all tourists.
Street Culinary Food Development Study With Case Study of Food Junction Surabaya
Authors: Putra Mochamad Ilham Rokhani , Yunisya Adibah Nurul
Published: January 2022

Food Junction at Jl. Grand Pakuwon in Banjar Sugihan, Tandes District, Surabaya City, East Java is a place with various food and beverage stalls. The existence of Food Junction Surabaya is a new milestone in fulfilling the wishes of the people of Surabaya City. They have a passion for culinary tourism, where culinary tourism has become a trend in and of itself in this era. This research intends to discover how the installation of Food Junction Surabaya has aided in the development of Street Culinary Food and opened new perspectives on culinary tourism. The method used is Descriptive Qualitative, which describes all the data and information obtained according to the problem and research objectives in the field. The expected result of this research is a strategy used by Food Junction Surabaya to elevate the Street Culinary sector in Surabaya city and turn Food Junction Surabaya into a public place to address the requirements of low-income people and bridge socioeconomic classes in the western Surabaya area.
The Effect of Circulation and Spatial on Performance of KVI Notary Office Employees
Authors: Armila Chinthya Rima , Yunisya Adibah Nurul
Published: January 2022

The office is a place to conduct administrative activities and processing of data or information. One of the offices engaged in the field of law is the KVI Notary Office in Tangerang. Because KVI Notary Office is quite frequented by clients, the mobility of users in the office is quite high. This mobility if not supported by circulation and spatial patterns adapted to the unique shape of office buildings, as well as the selection and laying of furniture that is not in accordance with the work needs of employees can have an impact on the decrease in the quality of employee performance. If the quality of employee performance is not good it can lead to a decrease in the level of service to the client. This research aims to find out how the circulation and spatial pattern of KVI Notary Office in order to make employees have good performance quality. The research will look at the context of circulation patterns and spatial patterns embedded in the building of the KVI Notary Office qualitatively. The results of the study are how the circulation pattern and proper office layout can improve the quality of office employees' performance.
A Comparator for the First and Second Editions of John Milton’s Paradise Lost
Authors: Cunningham Richard
Published: January 2022

In this article, Cunningham offers a non-programmer’s approach to building a means of examining the differences between the ten-book first edition of Paradise Lost and the subsequent twelve-book second edition. The Comparator referenced in the article title will form part of what, in effect, will be a new kind of online scholarly edition, one that facilitates student annotations of texts while also asking salient questions about how the commonplace tool of a web browser might help transform how we interact with texts. Cunningham’s workflow in building the Comparator suggests that this kind of successful and useful digital humanities work can be achieved with modest means and only a modest level of DH knowledge.
Frontalis Sling Using a Silicone Rod for Ptosis in Third Nerve Palsy: Cosmesis versus Safety
Authors: Choi Yong Min , Kim Namju
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the results of the frontalis sling operation using a silicone rod for the correction of ptosis in patients with third nerve palsy with a focus on corneal safety.Methods: Patients with third nerve palsy who underwent the frontalis sling operation using a silicone rod between 2008 and 2019 were included in this study. The medical records of all patients were reviewed, and their clinical characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. In this retrospective, interventional case series, the main outcome measures were eyelid contour, eyelid height by margin reflex distance, and corneal status.Results: Twenty-four eyes of 18 patients (12 male and six female patients) were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 35.1 years (range, 5–64 years). Twelve patients underwent a unilateral ptosis operation, and six patients received a bilateral ptosis operation. The mean follow-up period was 32.1 months (range, 2–87 months). Most patients (21 of 24 eyes, 88%) showed poor Bell’s phenomenon on preoperative examination. Satisfactory eyelid height and eyelid contour were achieved in almost all patients (mean postoperative margin reflex distance, +1.2 mm) postoperatively. Although corneal erosions were detected for several months in eight of 24 eyes after surgery, these findings were well controlled medically with artificial tear eye drops and ointments.Conclusions: Frontalis sling surgery using a silicone rod can safely and effectively correct ptosis without severe corneal complications in patients with third nerve palsy. Our study outlines a new method to define the postoperative safety outcome by specifically focusing on categorized corneal status.
The Impact of Learning Curve on Flap Thickness Outcome in Femtosecond Laser-assisted Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Performed with New LenSx Dual Platform
Authors: Asena Bilgehan Sezgin , Donmez Oya
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of learning curve on flap thickness (FT) outcome in femtosecond (FS) laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) operation for myopia performed with recently introduced LenSx dual platform using curved applanation cone.Methods: Seventy eyes of 36 patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism operated with FS laser-assisted LASIK with recently introduced LenSx dual platform were evaluated in this retrospective study. Operations were divided into two groups: first 20 operations (20 eyes of 10 patients) and next 50 operations (50 eyes of 26 patients). Data on patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative keratometric and aberrometric parameters, and FT related outcome, including mean central FT, mean total FT, intra-FT range, and FT homogeneity were compared in study groups.Results: Except for significantly lower preoperative steepest keratometry values in the next 50 operations versus first 20 operations (p = 0.033), no significant difference was noted between study groups in terms of preoperative and postoperative parameters. When compared to first 20 operations, next 50 operations were associated with significantly higher values for mean central FT (median, 123 µm vs. 114 µm; p = 0.007) and mean total FT (median, 123 µm vs. 113 µm; p = 0.015), whereas significantly lower intra-FT range (median, 4.0 µm vs. 4.5 µm; p = 0.003).Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings related to FS laser-assisted LASIK surgery for myopia with new LenSx dual platform using curved applanation cone revealed significant impact of learning curve on the corneal FT outcome in terms of closer FT to the intended value and lower intra-flap range.
Effect of Prostaglandin E2 Agonist Omidenepag on the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Authors: Kim Jeong Yeub , Kim Jae Woo
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2 agonist omidenepag (OMD) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells.Methods: Primarily cultured human TM cells were exposed to 0, 1, 10, or 40 µmol/L OMD for 3 days. The permeability through the TM cell monolayer was assessed using carboxyfluorescein. Expressions of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Also, the permeability, expression of messenger ribonucleic acid, and protein levels of MMPs were measured after exposure to 1 µmol/L latanoprost free acid (LAT).Results: OMD and LAT did not affect the cellular survival (all p > 0.05). Each concentration of OMD and LAT did not affect the permeability of carboxyfluorescein significantly (all p > 0.05). LAT increased the level of MMP-1 protein but did not increase the levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins. Each concentration of OMD did not affect the levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP9 proteins (all p > 0.05)Conclusions: In TM cells, prostaglandin E2 agonist OMD did not increase the permeability through the TM cell monolayer, and the protein levels of MMPs. These suggest that the direct effect on the trabecular outflow by OMD may be limited.
Refractive Outcomes of Uneventful Cataract Surgery in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Tekcan Hatice , Mangan Mehmet Serhat , İmamoğlu Serhat , Alpogan Oksan
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes after cataract surgery between patients with and without pseudoexfoliation, and to evaluate the risk factors of refractive error.Methods: Retrospective review of 210 eyes with pseudoexfoliation (study group) and 510 normal eyes (control group) that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. The study group included pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) subgroups. The main outcome measure was refractive error, defined as the difference between the target refraction and postoperative refraction in diopter (D). A refractive error >±1.0 D was identified as a large-magnitude refractive error. The frequency of the large-magnitude refractive error was compared between study and control groups, and also between each subgroup and normal eyes. The factors influencing refractive error were analyzed by logistic regression.Results: There was a significantly higher frequency of a refractive error >± 1.0 D and hyperopic error >1.0 D in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, PXG and poor preoperative visual acuity were related with a large-magnitude refractive error (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) Refractive error >± 1.0 D and hyperopic error >1.0 D were noted more often in PXG eyes that had an intraocular pressure spike >25 mmHg at postoperative first 24 hours (p = 0.01 and p=0.03, respectively).Conclusions: The eyes with pseudoexfoliation were at a high risk for refractive error, especially in the presence of glaucoma. In PXG, the only significant risk factor for refractive error was observed to be the presence of an intraocular pressure spike.
Determination of Nutritional Quality and Aerobic Stability of Sorghum, Maize, and Sorghum-Maize Mixture Silages
Authors: ESEN Selim , OKUYUCU Berrin , KOC Fisun , ÖZDÜVEN Levent
Published: January 2022

The current study aimed to determine the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum, maize, and their mixture silages without any additives. Sorghum and maize were harvested at dough stage from a local farm in Tekirdağ. Fresh plant materials were chopped to a length of 2-3 cm and packed into polythene bags, and vacuumed. A total of 12 vacuum-packed silos (4 replications in each treatment) were prepared with sorghum (S), maize (M), and a mixture of sorghum-maize (SM) forage (w:w, 50:50 according to dry matter) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The chemical and microbiological composition of silages with the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure were evaluated. Based on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration, all silages could be classified as good quality. The water-soluble carbohydrate level of the SM group increased due to mixing S and M forages, leading to improved lactic acid content. The NDF and ADF values of silages varied between 520.52-588.32 and 234.98-309.01 g kg-1, and the differences between silages were significant (P<0.01). The Hemicellulose/Cellulose ratio of S, M, and SM silages were found 0.94, 1.49, and 1.18, respectively. The lactobacilli and yeast content of silages were significant and varied between 5.18-7.41 and 5.18-7.29 log cfu g-1, and the highest and lowest values were observed in SM and S silages, respectively (P<0.01). No visible mold was detected in all silages after 5 days of aerobic exposure (P>0.05). The pH, CO2, and yeast numbers were varied in groups between 4.88-6.74, 55.71-119.33 g kg-1, and 8.40-9.01 log cfu g-1. It was concluded that it is possible to improve the nutritional and fermentation characteristics of sorghum and maize silage by ensiling their mixture. However, it is highly recommended that silage additives should be used to guarantee and strengthen the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage mostly made by a mixture of these two energetic forage crops.
İnsanız Hava Aracı (Drone) ile Erozyon Alanlarının Tespiti: Trakya Yarımadası Örneği
Authors: SARI Hüseyin
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, Trakya Yarımadası’nda tespit edilen erozyon bölgelerinin alan ve hacimlerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak hesaplanması amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uzaktan algılama ile yapılan ölçümler hem zaman kazanımı hem de fazla işgücünün önüne geçmektedir. Ayrıca drone ile çekim yapılabilecek araziler için satın alınabilecek uydu görüntülerinden daha az maliyetli olmaktadır. Bu amaçla, bölgede doğal karakteristikleri farklılık gösteren 13 erozyon alanı incelenmiş ve insansız hava aracı (drone) ile görüntüler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada İHA verilerinin kalibrasyonu amacıyla sınırları belli olan ve doğaya zarar vermeyen beyaz boya ile sınırları belirlenmiş ve çeşitli yüksekliklerden bu alanların tüm ölçümleri (uzunluklar, açılar vb.) yapılmıştır. Sınırları belirlenen alanlar daha sonra İHA görüntüleri alınarak CBS yazılımları ve grafik programı “Autodesk Inventor” ile çeşitli proseslerden geçirilerek hacim hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Görüntülerde farklılık olmaması için uygun hava koşulları beklenmiş ve birleştirilecek olan İHA görüntüleri benzer hava şartlarında elde edilmiştir. Farklı hava koşullarında alınan görüntülerin birleştirilmesinde ışık, gölge gibi faktörlerin hesaplamalarda herhangi bir sapmaya neden olmaması ve görsel olarak farklılık oluşturmaması için özen gösterilmiştir. Toplam 13 adet erozyon alanlarından görüntüler alınmış ve çalışmada koordinat sistemi olarak WGS 1984 (World Geodetic System 1984) kullanılmıştır.

Bu görüntüler birleştirilerek bu alanların ortomozaik görüntüleri oluşturulmuştur. Görüntülerdeki bölgelerin alan ve hacimlerinin yanı sıra kalibrasyonları da yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada, kalibrasyon için küçük bir alanın kullanılması alansal hesaplamada doğruluk oranını %90’ın üzerine çıkarırken hacim ölçümlerinde ise bu oran uçuş yüksekliğine göre %60 – 78 arasında bulunmuştur.

Yaklaşık 100 m2 alanda yapılan kalibrasyon çalışmasında 100 metre yükseklikten çekilen görüntüde 12 fotoğraf, 10 metre yükseklikten çekilen görüntüde ise 103 fotoğraf kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, yerden 10 metre yükseklikten çekilen görüntüde hacimsel doğruluk oranı %78,57 bulunmuştur.
Bazı Uçucu Yağların Macrosiphum rosae (L.)(Hemitera: Aphididae) ‘ya İnsektisidal Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BUDAK Eda , YİĞİT Şeyma , AŞKIN Ali Kaan , AKÇA İzzet , SARUHAN İslam
Published: January 2022

Süs bitkilerinin içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan gülün en önemli zararlılarından birisi de Gül yaprak biti Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’dir. M. rosae, bitki öz suyunu emerek beslenir. Gül yaprak bitleri, koloniler halinde sürgün, yaprak ve tomurcuklarda bulunur. Gül yaprak biti tomurcuk ve yeni sürgünlerin büyümesini geciktirmektedir. Bu nedenle bu zararlılara karşı genellikle kimyasal mücadele uygulanmaktadır. Ancak mücadelede kullanılan kimyasalların çevre ve insan sağlığına olan zararlı etkileri alternatif mücadele yöntemlerinin gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, farklı bitkisel uçucu yağların Gül yaprak biti M. rosae üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Deneme 25 ±5 °C sıcaklık, %60±10 nem ve 16:8 fotoperiyot koşullarına sahip iklim odalarında gerçekleşmiştir. Bitkisel yağlar püskürtme yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır ve kontrol uygulamasında saf su kullanılmıştır. Uygulamadan 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat sonra ölü bireyler sayılmıştır. Denemeler 5 tekerrürlü olarak kontrollü koşullar altında yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel yağların etkisi Abbott formülü kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), Çay ağacı (Melaleuca alternifolia), Okaliptus (Eucalyptus globulus), Sarımsak (Allium sativum)’ın %1’lik dozlarında 96 saat sonra M. rosae üzerindeki ölüm oranları sırasıyla Aloe vera’da %80.8; çay ağacında ve okaliptüste %78.72; sarımsakta %74.46 oranında bulunmuştur. LC90 değerleri Aloe barbadensis’in 1.14; Melaleuca alternifolia 1.15; Eucalyptus globulus 1.14 ve Allium sativum’un 1.27 bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, ölüm oranları ve LC90 değerlendirildiğinde en fazla Aloe vera olmak üzere her dört uçucu yağın da değerleri birbirine çok yakın olarak bulunmuş olup, M. rosae mücadelesinde etkili olabileceği görülmektedir. Bu uçucu yağlar, söz konusu Yaprak bitinin mücadelesinde ölüm oranlarının yüksek olması, bitkisel kökenli olmaları nedeniyle ve çevreye olumsuz etkisinin bulunmaması açısından tercih edilebilir.
Maş Fasulyesi Tohum Hasadı Artıklarının Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılabilme Potansiyeli
Authors: KARAMAN Ruziye , TÜRKAY Cengiz , KAYA Muharrem
Published: January 2022

Anavatanı Hindistan olan maş fasulyesi türü, uzun yıllardan beri ülkemizde insan beslenmesinde kullanmak amacıyla yetiştirilmektedir. Bu araştırmada ülkemizde yetiştiriciliği yapılan maş fasulyesi yerel genotiplerinin ve yurt dışından temin edilen tescilli çeşitlerin tohum hasadı yapıldıktan sonra kalan kısımlarının yem olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme arazilerinde 2019 yılında, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde faktöriyel düzenlemede üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, 18 maş fasulyesi genotipi ve 4 adet tescilli çeşit (Jade-AU, Vidiyala, Partow ve Kalkınısh) kullanılmıştır. Bitki kısımları olarak, tohum hasadından sonra kalan gövde, yaprak ve bakla kabukları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada asit deterjanlarda çözünen lif içeriği (ADF), nötr deterjanlarda çözünen lif içeriği (NDF), asit deterjanlarda çözünen lignin içeriği (ADL), selüloz, toplam sindirilebilir besin maddesi (TSBM), nisbi yem değeri (NYD) ve metabolik enerji (ME) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre genotiplerde NDF içeriği % 37.72-46.92, ADF içeriği % 24.40-34.11, ADL içeriği % 6.19-9.93, TSBM % 57.30 - 69.84, selüloz içeriği % 15.92-24.17, NYD 142.07-193.46 ve ME 8.61- 9.89 MJ kg-1 arasında değişmiştir. ADF, NDF, ADL ve selüloz içeriği bakla kabuklarında yüksek değerlere sahip olsa da, yem değerlerine ait sınıflandırmalar bakımından belirlenen değerler gövde kısmında tespit edilmiştir. TSBM, NBY ve ME özelliklerinde yaprak kısmı yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Sonuç olarak en iyi yem değerleri bitki artıklarının gövde kısmında belirlenmiş olup, maş fasulyesi genotip ve çeşitler arasında 21 B 01 ile 27 S 08 genotiplerinde tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda maş fasulyesi genotiplerinin hayvan beslemede potansiyel bir yem olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
F2 Kademesindeki Oleik ve Yarı Oleik Aspir Genotiplerinin (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Bazı Morfolojik ve Teknolojik Karakterlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: CULPAN Emrullah , ARSLAN Burhan
Published: January 2022

Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü araştırma ve uygulama arazisinde 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yürütülen bu araştırmada, melezleme ile geliştirilmiş olan bazı oleik ve yarı oleik aspir genotiplerinin tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Dinçer 5-18-1 aspir çeşidi ile PI 603208 genotipinin melezlenmesinden elde edilmiş olan 11 adet F2 kademesindeki melez genotip materyal olarak kullanılmış, iki standart oleik aspir çeşidi ile bu melezlerin ebeveynleri (Dinçer 5-18-1, PI 603208, Olas ve Asol) karşılaştırılmıştır. Tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin saptanması amacıyla araştırmada, bitki boyu (cm), dal sayısı (adet) tabla sayısı (adet), tabla çapı (cm), 1000 tane ağırlığı (g), tohum verimi (kg da-1), kabuk oranı (%), yağ oranı (%), yağ verimi (kg da-1) ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu (%) gibi karakterler ölçülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre melez genotiplerin tohum verimi değerleri 120.73-187.80 kg da-1, yağ oranı değerleri % 31.67-36.49 ve yağ verimi değerleri 40.43-63.92 kg da-1 arasında değişerek geniş bir varyasyon göstermiştir. Araştırmada melez genotiplerden en yüksek yağ oranı EC/ol-7 genotipinden (% 36.49) elde edilirken, en yüksek tohum verimi ve yağ verimi EC/ol-8 genotipinden elde dilmiştir (sırasıyla 187.80 ve 63.92 kg da-1). Melez genotipler arasında en yüksek oleik yağ asidi içeriği ise EC/ol-11 genotipinden elde edilmiştir (% 61.79). Yağ oranı, tohum verimi ve oleik yağ asidi içeriği bakımından belirlenen ıslah amaçları doğrultusunda F2 kademesindeki 5 adet genotipin (EC/ol 5, EC/ol 6, EC/ol 7, EC/ol 8 ve EC/ol 11) diğer genotiplerden üstün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer genotiplerden de ilerleyen kademelerde (F3 ve F4) hem stabil olanlar hem de ümitvar olanlar belirlenecektir.
Impact of crop rotation and fertlilizers (chemical, organic and bio) on diseases and yield of maize (Zea mays) in Far North Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon., Patrice Ngoh , Sabine Bamle ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon., Bouba Djile ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development of Maroua (IRAD), PO Box 33, Cameroon., Ntsefong Godswill ,   Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1 & Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon., Lorandine Gaye ,   Higher National Polytechnic School of Maroua, University of Maroua, PO Box 1450 Maroua, Cameroon., Brice Tchoupou ,   Higher National Polytechnic School of Maroua, University of Maroua, PO Box 1450 Maroua, Cameroon., Taoga Boulga ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon., Kosma Philippe ,   Higher National Polytechnic School of Maroua, University of Maroua, PO Box 1450 Maroua, Cameroon., Zachee Ambang ,   Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Phytopathology and Microbiology Unit, University of Yaounde I, PO Box, 812, Cameroon.
Published: January 2022

Many fertilizers are used in the Far North of Cameroon for maize production. The aim of this work was to reveal diseases and yield performance of maize in response to different fertilizers during two years (2018 and 2019). CMS 9015 maize variety was used. Three sites were selected. In the site of Kongola (crop rotation), the experimental design was in completely randomized blocks consisting of four treatments: Control (To); Bio fertilizer (Myc); mineral fertilizer (EM); organic fertilizer (EO) with three replications.Two other sites were used and where fertilizers have been used for more than 5 years. At the Meskine site, the fertilizer used was mineral (Urea 46% and NPK 23-10-5) and in Pitoaré, organic manure (cow dung, chicken dropping) was used as fertilizer. Mycorrhizae used were Glomus sp and Gigaspora sp. Several diseases were identified. Fungal diseases such as the leaf gray spot (Cercospora zeae), corn leaf blight (Helmintosporum turcicum) and physoderma brown sport (Physoderma maydis) were observed during the two years in the organic manure plots in Pitoare site. One viral disease, maize streak, was observed in all plots with higher incidence and severity during the two years (100 and 50 respectively).The gray spot was not influenced the yield, whereas maize streak caused adecrease of yield when the infection attack was early.Corn leaf blight and physoderma brown spot were fungal diseases with highest incidence (more than 70%) during the two seasons. The highest yield was obtained in EO treatment (9.3 t/ha) at Pitoare in 2019 growing season and the lowest was obtained in the mycorhizal plot (1.05 tonnes/ha) in 2018. Fetilizers reduce development of maize diseases when there are used in rotational cropping system than in a continuous system than in continuous system. Keywords: Zea mays, fertilizers, diseases, rotation, incidence, severity, yield.
Evaluation of physical and cooking quality of parboiled germinated brown rice using a coaxial two-impinging stream dryer
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology Establishment Project, Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Chaiyaphum, 36000, Thailand., Dondee Sakchai , Kangkham Kamonrak ,   Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology Establishment Project, Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Chaiyaphum, 36000, Thailand., Wiwattanasirikul Rungtawan ,   Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology Establishment Project, Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Chaiyaphum, 36000, Thailand., Sangsida Warachat ,   Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology Establishment Project, Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Chaiyaphum, 36000, Thailand.
Published: January 2022

The coaxial two-impinging stream dryer was developed and experimentally used for parboiled germinated paddy drying. The physical quality such as moisture content, color and cracking were investigated. In addition, the cooking quality such as texture properties and rehydration were evaluated as well. The drying parameters were conducted for drying temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80°C, drying air velocity at 28 m/s and 44.14 ± 14 %d.b. for initial moisture content. The experimental result found that the final moisture content was reduced to about 38.36, 36.15, 31.80 and 30.70 %d.b. for drying temperatures at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C, respectively. The cracking was little occurred, which was less than 2.73 ± 0.27% for all drying conditions. From the investigation of color changes, it is found that the L-, a-, and b- values were negligible changed in the range between 44.537 ± 0.548 to 46.608 ± 0.743, -3.117 ± 0.460 to -3.182 ± 0.345, and 6.174 ± 0.585 to 6.861 ± 0.406, respectively. The values of total color difference change (E) were approximately 45.079 ± 0.530 to 47.220 ± 0.786. The increase of drying air temperature affected the increase of textural properties. Separately, considering the following maximum values of hardness, gumminess, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and chewiness were about 686.15 ± 4.89, 445.50 ± 54.07, -0.070 ± 0.03, 0.625 ± 0.02, 6090.72 ± 743.0, respectively. The rehydration percentages were ranged from 60.333 ± 6.72% to 65.105 ± 6.24% for drying temperature at 80°C. Keywords: Parboiled rice, impinging stream dryer, nutritional quality, cooking quality, texture property
Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal monitoring in Yangtze finless porpoises
Authors: Zeng X , Chunyang L , Hao Y , Wang D , Fan F , Wang C , Deng Z , Guo H , Wang Z
Published: January 2022

The Yangtze finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Yangtze River and connecting lakes. Understanding the reproductive biology, fetal development, and physiology of this species is essential to ensure the successful development of a captive-breeding program. We studied pregnancy and fetal development in this species using endocrine monitoring and ultrasonographic imaging. Plasma progesterone concentrations increased significantly from non-pregnant (0.61 ± 0.43 ng ml-1) to pregnant (37.44 ± 16.18 ng ml-1) phases. Based on progesterone variation, we estimate gestation length to be approximately 12 mo. Fetal growth patterns are well described by linear regressions of thorax diameter, thorax circumference, and total body length plotted against days from parturition. Fetal growth models may be used to estimate fetal age and predict parturition date with more data in the future. Our findings provide fundamental information on pregnancy dynamics and fetal development in this Critically Endangered species to improve existing and benefit the establishment of new captive-breeding programs for Yangtze finless porpoises.
Effects of shark tourism on the daily residency and movements of a non-focal pelagic teleost
Authors: Clarke TM , Whitmarsh SK , Dwyer RG , Udyawer V , Pederson H , Huveneers C
Published: January 2022

Marine wildlife tourism is increasing in popularity, with operations targeting a wide range of taxa globally. While previous studies have mostly focused on assessing the effects of provisioning from tourism on focal species, non-focal species that unintentionally feed on supplemental food sources have largely been overlooked. This study improves our understanding of the effects of shark-cage-diving tourism on the movements and behaviours of a non-focal pelagic fish. We used acoustic tracking to determine the effects of shark-cage-diving tourism on the residency and space use of 17 yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi at the Neptune Islands, South Australia. We revealed that while cage-diving did not affect the overall or weekly residency and space use of kingfish, daily time spent at the islands and location of kingfish was influenced by the presence of operators. Acoustic attractant did not affect kingfish behaviours, but operators using food-based attractants increased the average time spent at the Neptune Islands by ~27% (from 230.6 ± 6.8 to 293.8 ± 5.5 min). Kingfish were also observed closer to operators using food-based attractants (217 ± 4.82 m from vessel) compared to an acoustic attractant (412 ± 29.5 m from vessel). Our findings identify changes in the daily behaviour of kingfish at the Neptune Islands as a result of food-based attractants from shark-cage-diving, which demonstrates that non-focal large pelagic species can be affected by shark-diving tourism. These effects may lead to long-term effects on the physiological condition and energetic responses of these individuals.
PREVENTION OF FUNGAL INFECTION OF THE FEET
Authors:   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Kutasevych Yanina , Oliinyk I. O. ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Suprun K. G. ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine»
Published: January 2022

The objective of the work: to study the antifungal activity in vitro and to determine the effectiveness of using the spray containing 0.2% climbazole for the prevention of fungal infections of the feet. Materials and methods. 47 patients were under observation who received treatment at the clinic of the State Establishment «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine» for mycosis of the feet and were discharged in a state of recovery, confirmed by mycological negativity. When discharged, patients with a preventive purpose were recommended to apply a spray containing 0.2% climbazole (Mycosan spray) to dry and clean skin twice a day for 30 days with a five-day break for two months. Control of microscopic examination for fungi was carried out once every 2 weeks for two months. To study the protective antifungal activity of the spray in vitro studies were carried out with cultures of yeast-like fungi (Candida spp., strain No. 491) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, strain No. 181). Results. The article reveals the relevance of the topic, describes the probable causes of relapses and reinfections of a fungal infection of the feet, indicates ways to prevent these causes. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the main goal of therapeutic and prophylactic measures for fungal infection is the early detection and adequate treatment of patients with mycoses and onychomycosis, as well as the development of fundamentally new means of prevention, one of which is the spray containing 0.2% of climbazole, related to group of azoles which has a fungistatic effect, has a low level of resistance, provides protection and care for the skin of the feet. Conclusions. Studies have shown that Mycosan spray inhibits the growth of pathogenic dermatophytes and yeast-like fungi in vitro. During the observation of 47 patients in the stage of clinical and mycological recovery for two months, infection of the fungal infection of the feet was not observed in a single patient. The spray containing 0.2% of climbazole can be used as an individual prevention of infection and reinfection, as well as an effective addition to the complex therapy of patients with mycoses and onychomycosis of the feet.
A Novel Prognostic Signature for Survival Prediction and Immune Implication Based on SARS-CoV-2–Related Genes in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yongbiao , Chen Sheng , Xiao Lingyan , Qin Wan , Li Long , Wang Yali , Ma Li , Yuan Xianglin
Published: January 2022

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common aggressive malignancy of the urinary system. COVID-19, a highly infectious and severe disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a significant challenge for global public health. Cancer patients have been reported to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have a higher risk for serious complications than the general population. However, the correlation between KIRC and COVID-19 remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the expression and prognostic significance of 333 SARS-CoV-2 infection–related genes in KIRC using the TCGA dataset and identified 31 SARS-CoV-2–related differently expressed genes between KIRC and normal renal tissues. Based on these genes, we constructed and validated a 5-gene prognostic signature (including ACADM, CENPF, KDELC1, PLOD2, and TRMT1) to distinguish low- and high-risk KIRC patients of poor survival in TCGA and E-MTAB-1980 cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that some inflammatory/immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. The ESTIMATE analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group had higher stromal and immune cell scores, therefore lower tumor purity. Moreover, they presented higher proportions of macrophages M0, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and T follicular helper cells and higher expression of immune checkpoints CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, and PDCD1 than low-risk patients. Besides, we also developed a nomogram to expand clinical applicability, which exhibits excellent predictive accuracy for survival. In conclusion, we identified a novel prognostic signature and nomogram based on SARS-CoV-2–related genes as reliable prognostic predictors for KIRC patients and provided potential therapeutic targets for KIRC and COVID-19.