bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сучасний алгоритм проведення медичного сортування
Authors: Гудима А. А , Ляхович Р. М , Джус М. Я , Цибік О. Т.
Published: May 2016

СУЧАСНИЙ АЛГОРИТМ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ МЕДИЧНОГО СОРТУВАННЯ - У статті висвітлено основні проблемні питання з організації та проведення медичного сортування на всіх його рівнях, визначено важливу роль швидкої медичної допомоги у якісному виконанні первинного, вторинного та евакуаційного сортування.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СОРТИРОВКИ - В статье высветлены основные проблемы по организации и проведению медицинской сортировки на всех его уровнях, определено важную роль деятельности скорой медицинской помощи в качественном выполнении первичной, вторичной и эвакуационной сортировки.
MODERN ALGORITHM OF CONDUCTING OF MEDICAL TRIAGE - The article highlighted major issues tor the organization and conducting triage at all levels, detined role ot ambulance in qualitative performance ot primary, secondary and evacuation triage.
Ключові слова: медичне сортування, первинне сортування, вторинне сортування, евакуаційне сортування.
Ключевые слова: медицинская сортировка, первичная сортировка, вторичная сортировака, эвакуационная сортировка.
Key words: medical triage, primary triage, secondary triage, evacuation triage.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВІВ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ В ЕМІГРАНТІВ ТА РЕЕМІГРАНТІВ, ХВОРИХ НА ДЕПРЕСИВНІ РОЗЛАДИ
Authors: Венгер О. П.
Published: May 2016

Проведене дослідження особливостей тривоги у 196 емігрантів, 191 реемігрантів порівняно з 198 неемігрантами із різними формами депресивних розладів за допомогою шкали тривоги  М. Hamilton (HARS) виявило високе ураження цього контингенту тривожними розладами. Загальною тенденцією є більше вираження тривожних розладів у емігрантів (середній показник (23,3±8,5) бала у групі психогенної депресії, (25,5±9,6) бала – ендогенної, (27,8±3,8) бала – органічної), високим є також показник у групі реемігрантів – відповідно (18,8±5,2) бала, (21,3±6,0) бала та (25,6±2,6) бала. Найнижчими рівні тривоги є у неемігрантів: відповідно (16,9±6,2) бала, (20,5±9,1) бала та (23,8±7,2) бала. Значущі розбіжності виявлено при порівнянні усіх груп хворих із психогенними депресіями (р<0,05 і більше), серед хворих із ендогенними депресіями – між групами неемігрантів та емігрантів, неемігрантів та реемігрантів (р<0,01 та р<0,05 відповідно), серед пацієнтів із органічними депресивними розладами – між усіма групами (р<0,01). Ці закономірності тісно пов’язані з соціально-психологічними умовами – необхідністю для емігрантів повернутися за кордон і побоюваннями у зв’язку з цим щодо можливості продовження роботи через психічний розлад і фрустраційні тенденції серед реемігрантів. 
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОРЕКЦІЇ МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У ХВОРИХ НА СТАБІЛЬНУ СТЕНОКАРДІЮ ТА СУБКЛІНІЧНИЙ ГІПОТИРЕОЗ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ТРИВАЛОСТІ ХВОРОБИ
Authors: Швед М. І. , Припхан І. Б.
Published: May 2016

У статті наведено особливості метаболічних порушень (ліпідного спектра крові та процесів вільнорадикального окиснення), а також методи їх корекції у хворих із субклінічним гіпотиреозом та стабільною стенокардією зі тривалістю до та понад 5 років. У пацієнтів із стабільною стенокардією понад 5 років та субклінічним гіпотиреозом встановлено достовірно вищі значення рівня тригліцеридів (ТГ), загального холестерину (ХС), ХС ліпопротеїнів низької щільності (ЛПНЩ), коефіцієнта атерогенності (КА) та малонового діальдегіду (МДА), а також суттєве зниження концентрації  супероксиддисмутази (СОД), каталази (КТ) та церулоплазміну (ЦП), порівняно із хворими, в яких стабільна стенокардія тривала до 5 років. Комбінація стандартного антиішемічного лікування та L-тироксину позитивно впливала на покращення загального клінічного стану хворих та показників ліпідоргами і перекисного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) лише у хворих із субклінічним гіпотиреозом та тривалістю стабільної стенокардії до 5 років. У пацієнтів із тривалістю хвороби понад 5 років для нормалізації клінічного стану і досягнення цільових рівнів основних показників ліпідограми, процесів вільнорадикального окиснення та антиоксидантного захисту доцільно застосовувати комплексну терапію із використанням стандартного антиішемічного лікування, L-тироксину та L-карнітину. Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати використання диференційної комплексної терапії у хворих зі стабільною стенокардією та субклінічним гіпотиреозом з метою адекватного відновлення клінічного стану та попередження метаболічних порушень у даної категорії хворих.
ВПЛИВ МАГІСТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ СОННОЇ АРТЕРІЇ НА НЕВРОЛОГІЧНУ СИМПТОМАТИКУ В ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ОКЛЮЗІЄЮ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ СОННОЇ АРТЕРІЇ
Authors: Мелень А. П.
Published: May 2016

У пацієнтів із хронічною оклюзією внутрішньої сонної артерії іпсілатеральна зовнішня сонна артерія є шляхом важливого колатерального кровообігу, що багато в чому впливає на перебіг захворювання в цілому. Метою нашого дослідження було встановити вплив магістралізації зовнішньої сонної артерії на динаміку неврологічної симптоматики. Головну групу склали 74 пацієнти з оклюзією ВСА, які перенесли магістралізацію зовнішньої сонної атрерії. Для оцінки результатів хірургічного лікування у віддаленому періоді сформована контрольна група, що складалася з 30 хворих з оклюзією ВСА, які отримували тільки медикаментозну терапію. Оцінку неврологічної симптоматики проводили перед операційним втручанням та через 3 місяці після нього. При порівнянні динаміки неврологічної симптоматики в головній та контрольній групах встановлено таке: зникнення або зменшення частоти ретинальних ТІА виявлено в 100 % хворих головної групи проти 33,3 % контрольної (р=0,05; ВШ – 10,2; 95 %, ДІ – 0,3–336,9), класичні ТІА регресували  в 100 % пацієнтів головної групи проти 25 % у контрольній (р=0,008; ВШ – 9,8; 95 %, ДІ – 0,32–300,4). Зникнення ТІА у пацієнтів головної групи, на нашу думку, зумовлено видаленням атеросклеротичної бляшки та ліквідацією сліпої кукси ВСА, які є джерелом емболії. Поліпшення мовлення відзначили 47,8 % пацієнтів головної групи проти 27,8 % у контрольній групі (р=0,34; ВШ – 2,25; 95 %, ДІ – 0,34–14,6). Регресування клінічної картини хронічної ішемії сітківки встановлено в 33,3 %  пацієнтів головної групи проти 0 % контрольної (р=0,13; ВШ – 6,72; 95 %, ДІ – 0,33–136,2). Прояви парезів та паралічів регресували в 48,8 % пацієнтів головної групи та у 26,6 % контрольної (р=0,11; ВШ – 2,61; 95 %, ДІ – 0,71–9,6).
ПЛАНІМЕТРІЯ ПОВЕРХНІ ОПІКОВОЇ РАНИ ПРИ ВИКОРИСТАННІ КОМБІНОВАНИХ ГІДРОГЕЛЕВИХ ТА СОРБУЮЧИХ ЗАСОБІВ НА ЕТАПАХ РАННЬОГО ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ З ОПІКАМИ
Authors: Kovalchuk A. O. , Hyunesh O-B. E.
Published: May 2016

У статті описано результати раннього хірургічного лікування хворих з термічною травмою із застосуванням сучасних гідрогелевих засобів у комбінації з рановими адсорбентами. Лікування приводило до пришвидшення репаративних процесів у рані за рахунок скорочення термінів очищення рани з подальшим заповненням ранового дефекту грануляційною тканиною і більш раннім початком крайової епітелізації у фазах регенерації та епітелізації.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗМІН СУДИННОГО РУСЛА НИРОК ПРИ ДЕЯКИХ ПАТОЛОГІЧНИХ СТАНАХ
Authors: Galician-Charchalis O. J. , Hantimurov A. V. , Pylypko I. V.
Published: May 2016

У роботі висвітлено особливості гістологічної перебудови судинного русла нирок при гострому розлитому перитоніті та стенозі ниркової артерії, дано його комплексну морфологічну характеристику. Доведено характерну послідовність розвитку мікроскопічних змін у судинах нирок, що є наслідком безпосередніх гемодинамічних розладів, характерних для даних патологічних станів.
СИНДРОМ ПОРТАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ ТА МЕХАНІЗМИ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРИ ПЕЧІНКОВІЙ ПАТОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Пилипко І. В.
Published: May 2016

Портальна гіпертензія – незмінний супутник численних захворювань у гастроентерології, судинній хірургії, кардіології, гематології з тяжкими
наслідками для здоров’я і життя хворих. розвиток портальної
гіпертензії призводить до значного порушення гемодинаміки
в судинах печінки та розвитку артеріального та венозного
повнокров’я, стазу крові у судинах портального тракту.
ОЦІНКА СТАНУ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ щІЛЬНОСТІ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ У ХВОРИХ НА РЕВМАТОЇДНИЙ АРТРИТ
Authors: Даньків Л. В.
Published: May 2016

Проведено визначення мінеральної щільності кісткової тканин у 60 хворих
на ревматоїдний артрит. Залежно від факту застосування і тривалості використання глюкокортикостероїдів встановлено особливості та темпи втрати кісткової тканини. Представлено результати обстеження поперекової ділянки хребта у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит методом подвійного рентгенівського денситометра з визначенням мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини. Порівняльний аналіз стану кісткової тканини залежно від факту прийому глюкокортикостероїдів показав, що їх використання негативно впливає на показники мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини. У хворих на ревматоїдний артрит визначалось достовірне зниження денситометричних показників, що застосовують глюкокортикостероїди після 5 років, порівняно з тими, хто застосовує глюкокортикостероїди до 1 року
ТАКТИКА “damage control” У ЛІКУВАННІ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ІЗ ТЯЖКОЮ ПОЄДНАНОЮ АБДОМІНАЛЬНОЮ ТРАВМОЮ
Authors: Жуковський В. С.
Published: May 2016

Проведено ретроспективний аналіз лікування 48 постраждалих віком від 18 до 67 років із тяжкою поєднаною абдомінальною травмою та масивною внутрішньочеревною кровотечею. Потерпілих поділено на дві клінічні групи: контрольну та основну. В контрольну групу включено 27 постраждалих, у яких застосовували стандартну хірургічну тактику з повним обсягом хірургічних втручань за один етап; основну – 21, яким проводили етапне лікування за технологію “damage control”. Пацієнтам контрольної групи хірургічне втручання на черевній порожнині виконували безперервно, у 13 – з хірургічною паузою, яка була необхідною для проведення інтенсивної терапії, стабілізації гемодинаміки і в середньому тривала (92,5±21,2) хв. Пацієнтам основної групи виконували мінімальний об’єм хірургічного
втручання, тимчасовий гемостаз. На другому етапі проводили інтенсивну терапію у відділенні реанімації та інтенсивної терапії до стабілізації стану пацієнта. Через 24–48 год після травми проводили третій етап операційного лікування, під час якого видаляли гемостатичні тампони, проводили санацію і повторну ревізію черевної порожнини, контроль гемостазу, реконструктивні втручання на органах шлунково-кишкового тракту. лікування постраждалих із застосуванням тактики “damage control” дозволило уникнути летальності під час операції, зменшити післяопераційну летальність на 7 %, частоту гнійно-септичних ускладнень – на 9,6 %.
Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals Modulation of Human Macrophage Inflammatory Phenotype Through Alternative Splicing
Authors: Lin Jennie , Hu Yu , Nunez Sara , Foulkes Andrea S. , Cieply Benjamin , Xue Chenyi , Gerelus Mark , Li Wenjun , Zhang Hanrui , Rader Daniel J. , Musunuru Kiran , Li Mingyao , Reilly Muredach P.
Published: May 2016

Objective—

Human macrophages can shift phenotype across the inflammatory M1 and reparative M2 spectrum in response to environmental challenges, but the mechanisms promoting inflammatory and cardiometabolic disease–associated M1 phenotypes remain incompletely understood. Alternative splicing (AS) is emerging as an important regulator of cellular function, yet its role in macrophage activation is largely unknown. We investigated the extent to which AS occurs in M1 activation within the cardiometabolic disease context and validated a functional genomic cell model for studying human macrophage-related AS events.

Approach and Results—

From deep RNA-sequencing of resting, M1, and M2 primary human monocyte–derived macrophages, we found 3860 differentially expressed genes in M1 activation and detected 233 M1-induced AS events; the majority of AS events were cell- and M1-specific with enrichment for pathways relevant to macrophage inflammation. Using genetic variant data for 10 cardiometabolic traits, we identified 28 trait-associated variants within the genomic loci of 21 alternatively spliced genes and 15 variants within 7 differentially expressed regulatory splicing factors in M1 activation. Knockdown of 1 such splicing factor, CELF1, in primary human macrophages led to increased inflammatory response to M1 stimulation, demonstrating CELF1’s potential modulation of the M1 phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that an induced pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophage system recapitulates M1-associated AS events and provides a high-fidelity macrophage AS model.

Conclusions—

AS plays a role in defining macrophage phenotype in a cell- and stimulus-specific fashion. Alternatively spliced genes and splicing factors with trait-associated variants may reveal novel pathways and targets in cardiometabolic diseases.
Implantable Loop Recorder Monitoring for Refining Management of Children With Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Avari Silva Jennifer N. , Bromberg Burt I. , Emge Fredrick K. , Bowman Tammy M. , Van Hare George F.
Published: May 2016

Background

Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) are conventionally utilized to elucidate the mechanism of atypical syncope. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these devices on management of pediatric patients with known or suspected inherited arrhythmia syndromes.

Methods and Results

A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all pediatric patients with known or suspected inherited arrhythmia syndromes in whom an ILR was implanted from 2008 to 2015. Captured data included categorization of diagnosis, treatment, transmitted tracings, and the impact of ILR tracings on management. Transmissions were categorized as symptomatic, autotriggered, or routine. Actionable transmissions were abnormal tracings that directly resulted in a change of medical or device therapy. A total of 20 patients met the stated inclusion criteria (long QT syndrome, n=8, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia,n=9, Brugada syndrome, n=1, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, n=2), with 60% of patients being genotype positive. Primary indication for implantation of ILR included ongoing monitoring +/− symptoms (n=15, 75%), suspicion of noncompliance (n=1, 5%), and liberalization of recommended activity restrictions (n=4, 25%). A total of 172 transmissions were received in patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes, with 7% yielding actionable data. The majority (52%) of symptom events were documented in the long QT syndrome population, with only 1 tracing (5%) yielding actionable data. Automatic transmissions were mostly seen in the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia cohort (81%), with 21% yielding actionable data. There was no actionable data in routine transmissions.

Conclusions

ILRs in patients with suspected or confirmed inherited arrhythmia syndromes may be useful for guiding management. Findings escalated therapies in 30% of subjects. As importantly, in this high‐risk population, the majority of symptom events represented normal or benign rhythms, reassuring patients and physicians that no further intervention was required.
The Societal Cost of China's Rapid Economic Growth
Authors: Knight John
Published: May 2016

In China, political control is centralized and economic management is decentralized. This gives rise to a serious principal–agent problem, in which the agents are often better informed than the principal. China also has a semi-marketized economy involving much state intervention. This intervention serves both a political and an economic function. It enables the Communist Party to remain in political command and generates formidable patronage resources. It also provides the policy instruments, including incentive structures for officialdom, to maintain a “developmental state.” The combination of economic decentralization and a semi-marketized economy creates a problem of weak accountability and a breeding ground for rent-seeking and corruption. For a quarter of a century China's leadership gave overwhelming priority to the objective of achieving rapid economic growth. This policy was viewed as providing political legitimacy and securing the best protection against social instability. It is argued that the leadership was able to solve the principal–agent problem in its pursuit of economic growth. By contrast, the solution to the principal–agent problem failed in other respects, giving rise to societal costs. Little attention was paid to the dramatic socioeconomic changes—including rising inequality and economic insecurity, environmental degradation, mass migration, rent seeking, and corruption—which accompanied economic growth and posed new challenges. It is argued that these changes help to explain the failure of life satisfaction scores to rise over the two decades from 1990–2010. They can also help to explain the rise in indicators of social instability over that period. It is to be hoped that the new leadership's current anti-corruption campaign, together with its declared policy intention to reduce state economic intervention and increase reliance on competitive markets, will strengthen deterrence and weaken opportunities for rent seeking and corruption. The paper carries the implication that China's economy cannot be well understood except through the lens of political economy.
Simulations of the Tropical General Circulation with a Multiscale Global Model
Authors: Randall David , DeMott Charlotte , Stan Cristiana , Khairoutdinov Marat , Benedict James , McCrary Rachel , Thayer-Calder Katherine , Branson Mark
Published: May 2016

Cloud processes play a central role in the dynamics of the tropical atmosphere, but for many years the shortcomings of cloud parameterizations have limited our ability to simulate and understand important tropical weather systems such as the Madden–Julian oscillation. Since about 2001, “superparameterization” has emerged as a new path forward, complementing but not replacing studies based on conventional parameterizations. This chapter provides an overview of work with superparameterization, including a discussion of the method itself and a summary of key results.
Perceived Spaciousness and Preference in Sequential Experience
Authors: Bokharaei Saleheh , Nasar Jack L.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

We assessed the perceived spaciousness and preference for a destination space in relation to six attributes (size, lighting, window size, texture, wall mural, and amount of furniture) of it and of the space experienced before it.

Background:

Studies have examined effects of these attributes but not for dynamic experience or preference.

Method:

We created 24 virtual reality walks between each possible pair of two levels of each attribute. For each destination space, 31 students (13 men, 18 women) rated spaciousness and 30 students (16 men, 14 women) rated preference. We conducted separate 2 × 2 repeated-measure ANOVAs across each condition for perceived spaciousness and preference.

Results:

Participants judged the space that was larger, was more brightly lit, with a larger window, or with less furniture as the more spacious. These attributes also increased preference. Consonant with adaptation-level theory, participants judged offices as higher in spaciousness and preference if preceded by a space that was smaller, was more dimly lit, or had smaller windows.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that perceived spaciousness varies with size, lightness, window size, and amount of furniture but that perception also depends on the size, lightness, and size of the space experienced before.

Application:

Designers could use the findings to manipulate features to make a space appear larger or more desirable.
Applying the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior, Including Descriptive Norms, to Physical Activity Intentions
Authors: Esposito Gabriele , van Bavel René , Baranowski Tom , Duch-Brown Néstor
Published: May 2016

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has received its fair share of criticism lately, including calls for it to retire. We contribute to improving the theory by testing extensions such as the model of goal-directed behavior (MGDB, which adds desire and anticipated positive and negative emotions) applied to physical activity (PA) intention. We also test the inclusion of a descriptive norms construct as an addition to the subjective norms construct, also applied to PA, resulting in two additional models: TPB including descriptive norms (TPB + DN) and MGDB including descriptive norms (MGDB + DN). The study is based on an online survey of 400 young adult Internet users, previously enrolled in a subject pool. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that TPB and TPB + DN were not fit for purpose, while MGDB and MGDB + DN were. Structural equation modelling (SEM) conducted on MGDB and MGDB + DN showed that the inclusion of descriptive norms took over the significance of injunctive norms, and increased the model's account of total variance in intention to be physically active.
When It’s Okay That I Don’t Play
Authors: Rudert Selma C. , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: May 2016

Being excluded and ignored has been shown to threaten fundamental human needs and cause pain. Such reflexive reactions to social exclusion have been conceptualized as direct and unmoderated (temporal need threat model of ostracism). Here, we propose an extension and argue that reflexive reactions depend on how social exclusion situations are construed. If being excluded is understood as a violation of an inclusion norm, individuals will react with pain and threat. In contrast, if being excluded is consistent with the prevailing norm, the exclusion situation is interpreted as less threatening, and negative reflexive reactions to ostracism should be attenuated. Four studies empirically support this conceptual model. Studies 3 and 4 further show that to guide situated construal, the norm has to be endorsed by the individual. In both Studies 1 and 3, the effect of the norm is mediated by the objective situation’s subjective construal.
Chemical Exacerbation of Light-induced Retinal Degeneration in F344/N Rats in National Toxicology Program Rodent Bioassays
Authors: Yamashita Haruhiro , Hoenerhoff Mark J. , Peddada Shyamal D. , Sills Robert C. , Pandiri Arun R.
Published: May 2016

Retinal degeneration due to chronic ambient light exposure is a common spontaneous age-related finding in albino rats, but it can also be related to exposures associated with environmental chemicals and drugs. Typically, light-induced retinal degeneration has a central/hemispherical localization whereas chemical-induced retinal degeneration has a diffuse localization. This study was conducted to identify and characterize treatment-related retinal degeneration in National Toxicology Program rodent bioassays. A total of 3 chronic bioassays in F344/N rats (but not in B6C3F1/N mice) were identified that had treatment-related increases in retinal degeneration (kava kava extract, acrylamide, and leucomalachite green). A retrospective light microscopic evaluation of the retinas from rats in these 3 studies showed a dose-related increase in the frequencies of retinal degeneration, beginning with the loss of photoreceptor cells, followed by the inner nuclear layer cells. These dose-related increased frequencies of degenerative retinal lesions localized within the central/hemispherical region are suggestive of exacerbation of light-induced retinal degeneration.
Developing and Evaluating a Self-Management Intervention for Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldberg Jessica , Hinchey Jenna , Feder Shelli , Schulman-Green Dena
Published: May 2016

Reports of self-management interventions usually focus on efficacy and do not detail processes of intervention development and evaluation. We describe the development and evaluation of Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide, a patient-oriented cancer self-management intervention consisting of seven modules on the topics of self-management, care options, transitions, communication, symptom management, and self-efficacy. We developed and evaluated the intervention in stages by partnering with women with breast cancer. Stages were as follows: individual interviews ( n = 25), intervention design, focus group ( n = 6), pilot testing with metastatic patients ( n = 23), and population testing with non-metastatic patients ( n = 105). We used interpretive description and content analysis for qualitative analyses and used descriptive statistics to analyze module ratings and frequency of use. We report results of each stage and discuss the challenges of creating a self-management intervention that has broad appeal without taking a one-size-fits-all approach and implementing a self-management intervention in a real-world versus research setting.
Pulse volume recordings to identify falsely elevated ankle brachial index
Authors: Shirasu Takuro , Hoshina Katsuyuki , Akagi Daisuke , Miyahara Takuya , Yamamoto Kota , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: May 2016

Background

Ankle brachial index can be falsely elevated in cases of medial arterial calcification, and its clinical use should be limited, especially in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of pulse volume recording in detecting falsely elevated ankle brachial index.

Methods

Two parameters of the pulse waveform were automatically calculated: upstroke time and percentage mean artery pressure. Pulse volume recordings were retrospectively evaluated in 171 consecutive patients (342 limbs); 73 (43%) had a diagnosis of diabetes.

Results

On multivariate analysis, diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.7), ankle brachial index ≤ 0.90 (hazard ratio = 4.4), upstroke time ≥ 180 ms (hazard ratio = 2.1), and percentage mean artery pressure ≥ 45% (hazard ratio = 2.8) were significantly related to toe brachial index < 0.60. Further analysis for falsely elevated ankle brachial index was performed in 196 limbs (146 patients) with ankle brachial index > 0.90. The difference between ankle brachial index and toe brachial index differentiated the limbs of diabetic patients, with percentage mean artery pressure ≥ 45%, from controls (0.45 ± 0.17 vs. 0.35 ± 0.16, p = 0.03); upstroke time was not found to be a discriminating factor.

Conclusions

Although measurement of ankle brachial index remains the gold standard for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease, percentage mean artery pressure, automatically obtained in ankle brachial index measurement, may be useful to detect falsely elevated ankle brachial index, especially in patients with diabetes.
Blaming the victim, all over again: Waddell and Aylward’s biopsychosocial (BPS) model of disability
Authors: Shakespeare Tom , Watson Nicholas , Alghaib Ola Abu
Published: May 2016

The biopsychosocial model (BPS) of mental distress, originally conceived by American psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s and commonly used in psychiatry and psychology, has been adapted by Gordon Waddell and Mansel Aylward to form the theoretical basis for current UK government thinking on disability. Most importantly, the Waddell and Aylward version of the BPS has played a key role as the government has sought to reform spending on out-of-work disability benefits. This article critiques Waddell and Aylward’s model, examining its origins, its claims and the evidence it employs. We argue that its potential for genuine interdisciplinary cooperation and the holistic and humanistic benefits for disabled people as envisaged by Engel are not now, if they ever have been, fully realised. Any potential benefit it may have offered has been eclipsed by its role in Coalition/Conservative government social welfare policies that have blamed the victim and justified restriction of entitlements.
Information centers and socioeconomic development in MENA
Authors: Wand Patricia A.
Published: May 2016

Even though it may seem that information floats on its own throughout the Internet, in reality someone must make policies and financial decisions to gather and organize data and prepare it for retrieval at the appropriate time. It must be stored in various formats in information hubs. These information hubs are essential components of the Internet, itself an essential component of socioeconomic development. But are these information hubs acknowledged in international development planning in the Information Age? This paper discusses information centers – libraries, archives and museums – in the context of coordinated global planning for socioeconomic development and offers a metric by which information centers may be correlated to a country’s social and economic advancement. It concludes with reflections about information components of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the needs to gather data and expand information centers in order to achieve sustainable development.
A Systematic Review of Financial Exploitation Measures in Prevalence Studies
Authors: Jackson Shelly L.
Published: May 2016

The financial exploitation of older adults has garnered the attention of society as well as state and federal governments in a way that elder abuse has never been able to achieve. It is frequently asserted that financial exploitation deserves this attention in part because it is the most prevalent form of elder abuse. This article systematically reviews the measurement of financial exploitation in comparison with other forms of elder abuse and concludes that its measurement is considerably more variable than other forms of abuse. Consequently, improvements in the measurement of financial exploitation are warranted.
Electricity production from municipal solid waste using microbial fuel cells
Authors: Chiu HY , Pai TY , Liu MH , Chang CA , Lo FC , Chang TC , Lo HM , Chiang CF , Chao KP , Lo WY , Lo SW , Chu YL
Published: May 2016

The organic content of municipal solid waste has long been an attractive source of renewable energy, mainly as a solid fuel in waste-to-energy plants. This study focuses on the potential to use microbial fuel cells to convert municipal solid waste organics into energy using various operational conditions. The results showed that two-chamber microbial fuel cells with carbon felt and carbon felt allocation had a higher maximal power density (20.12 and 30.47 mW m-2 for 1.5 and 4 L, respectively) than those of other electrode plate allocations. Most two-chamber microbial fuel cells (1.5 and 4 L) had a higher maximal power density than single-chamber ones with corresponding electrode plate allocations. Municipal solid waste with alkali hydrolysis pre-treatment and K3Fe(CN)6 as an electron acceptor improved the maximal power density to 1817.88 mW m-2 (~0.49% coulomb efficiency, from 0.05–0.49%). The maximal power density from experiments using individual 1.5 and 4 L two-chamber microbial fuel cells, and serial and parallel connections of 1.5 and 4 L two-chamber microbial fuel cells, was found to be in the order of individual 4 L (30.47 mW m-2) > serial connection of 1.5 and 4 L (27.75) > individual 1.5 L (20.12) > parallel connection of 1.5 and 4 L (17.04) two-chamber microbial fuel cells . The power density using municipal solid waste microbial fuel cells was compared with information in the literature and discussed.
GRIN2A polymorphisms and expression levels are associated with lead-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Wu Yu , Wang Yiqing , Wang Miaomiao , Sun Na , Li Chunping
Published: May 2016

Lead acts as an antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). GRIN2A encodes an important subunit of NMDARs and may be a critical factor in the mechanism of lead neurotoxicity. Changes in GRIN2A expression levels or gene variants may be mechanisms of lead-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that GRIN2A might contribute to lead-induced neurotoxicity. A preliminary HEK293 cell experiment was performed to analyze the association between GRIN2A expression and lead exposure. In addition, in a population-based study, serum GRIN2A levels were measured in both lead-exposed and control populations. To detect further the influence of GRIN2A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lead-induced neurotoxicity, 3 tag SNPs (rs2650429, rs6497540, and rs9302415) were genotyped in a case-control study that included 399 lead-exposed subjects and 398 controls. Lead exposure decreased GRIN2A expression levels in HEK293 cells ( p < 0.001) compared with lead-free cells. Lead-exposed individuals had lower serum GRIN2A levels compared with controls ( p < 0.001), and we found a trend of decreasing GRIN2A level with an increase in blood lead level ( p < 0.001). In addition, we found a significant association between rs2650429 CT and TT genotypes and risk of lead poisoning compared with the rs2650429 CC genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.00]. Therefore, changes in GRIN2A expression levels and variants may be important mechanisms in the development of lead-induced neurotoxicity.
Bioactivity of Y2O3 and CeO2 doped SiO2-SrO-Na2O glass-ceramics
Authors: Placek LM , Keenan TJ , Wren AW
Published: May 2016

The bioactivity of yttrium and cerium are investigated when substituted for Sodium (Na) in a 0.52SiO2-0.24SrO-0.24 -xNa2O- xMO glass-ceramics (where x = 0.08 and MO = Y2O3 or CeO2). Bioactivity is monitored through pH and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry where pH of simulated body fluid ranged from 7.5 to 7.6 and increased between 8.2 and 10.0 after 14-day incubation with the glass-ceramic disks. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels in simulated body fluid after incubation with yttrium and cerium containing disks show a continual decline over the 14-day period. In contrast, Con disks (not containing yttrium or cerium) caused the elimination of Ca in solution after 1 day and throughout the incubation period, and initially showed a decline in P levels followed by an increase at 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ca and P on the surface of the simulated body fluid-incubated disks and showed precipitates on Con and HCe (8 mol% cerium) samples. Cell viability of MC3T3 osteoblasts was not significantly affected at a 9% extract concentration. Optical microscopy after 24 h cell incubation with disks showed that Con samples do not support osteoblast or Schwann cell growth, while all yttrium and cerium containing disks have direct contact with osteoblasts spread across the wells. Schwann cells attached in all wells, but only showed spreading with the HY-S (8 mol% yttrium, heated to sintering temperature) and YCe (4 mol% yttrium and cerium) disks. Scanning electron microscopy of the compatible disks shows osteoblast and sNF96.2 Schwann cells attachment and spreading directly on the disk surfaces.
The case of #arseniclife: Blogs and Twitter in informal peer review
Authors: Yeo Sara K. , Liang Xuan , Brossard Dominique , Rose Kathleen M. , Korzekwa Kaine , Scheufele Dietram A. , Xenos Michael A.
Published: May 2016

Using the “#arseniclife” controversy as a case study, we examine the roles of blogs and Twitter in post-publication review. The controversy was initiated by a scientific article about bacteria able to substitute arsenic for phosphorus in its genetic material. We present the debate chronologically, using prominent online media to reconstruct the events. Using tweets that discussed the controversy, we conducted quantitative sentiment analysis to examine skeptical and non-skeptical tones on Twitter. Critiques of and studies refuting the arsenic life hypothesis were publicized on blogs before formal publication in traditional academic spaces and were shared on Twitter, influencing issue salience among a range of audiences. This case exemplifies the role of new media in informal post-publication peer review, which can complement traditional peer review processes. The implications drawn from this case study for future conduct and transparency of both formal and informal peer review are discussed.
Nurse ethical sensitivity: An integrative review
Authors: Milliken Aimee
Published: May 2016

Background:

Ethical sensitivity has been identified as a foundational component of ethical action. Diminished or absent ethical sensitivity can result in ethically incongruent care, which is inconsistent with the professional obligations of nursing. As such, assessing ethical sensitivity is imperative in order to design interventions to facilitate ethical practice and to ensure nurses recognize the nature and extent of professional ethical obligations.

Aim:

To review and critique the state of the science of nurse ethical sensitivity and to synthesize findings across studies.

Research design:

Whittemore and Knafl’s revised framework for integrative reviews guided the analysis.

Research context and data sources:

A comprehensive, computer-assisted search of literature published in Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed was performed. A systematic approach was used to extract, reduce, and synthesize the data.

Findings:

Four major conceptualizations of ethical sensitivity emerged from the literature. A sample of 25 reports met inclusion criteria, including 17 empirical reports and 8 theoretical reports.

Discussion:

Despite the existence of a concept analysis and a validated tool, ethical sensitivity remains a highly theoretical concept with multiple, and at times competing, conceptualizations. Ethical sensitivity has been assessed extensively in the context of ethical dilemmas; however, little attention has been paid to the way the concept operates in day-to-day practice.

Conclusion:

Future research should focus on better ways to operationalize and assess the concept, with particular attention to nurse awareness of the ethical content of everyday practice.
The Usefulness of a News Media Literacy Measure in Evaluating a News Literacy Curriculum
Authors: Maksl Adam , Craft Stephanie , Ashley Seth , Miller Dean
Published: May 2016

A survey of college students showed those who had taken a news literacy course had significantly higher levels of news media literacy, greater knowledge of current events, and higher motivation to consume news, compared with students who had not taken the course. The effect of taking the course did not diminish over time. Results validate the News Media Literacy Scale and suggest the course is effective in helping equip students to understand and interpret news.
Drug interaction between idelalisib and diazepam resulting in altered mental status and respiratory failure
Authors: Bossaer John B , Chakraborty Kanishka
Published: May 2016

In recent years, several new oral anticancer drugs have been approved, many via an accelerated approval process. These new agents have the potential for drug interactions, but lack of familiarity with these drugs by clinicians may increase the risk for drug interactions. We describe an interaction between the new anticancer agent idelalisib (CYP 3A4 inhibitor) and diazepam (CYP 3A4 substrate) that resulted in altered mental status and type II respiratory failure resulting in hospitalization. After discontinuation of both agents, the patient recovered quickly. Idelalisib was reinitiated after discharge. Lorazepam was substituted for diazepam since it is not metabolized via CYP 3A4. Both agents were tolerated well thereafter. This interaction was only flagged by two of four commonly used drug interaction databases. Clinicians should exercise caution with initiating new oral anticancer agents and consider the potential for drug interactions without solely relying on drug interaction databases.
Convergent Validity of Three Measures of Sexual Sadism: Value of a Dimensional Measure
Authors: Longpré Nicholas , Proulx Jean , Brouillette-Alarie Sébastien
Published: May 2016

Sexual sadism can be described as the sexual pleasure produced by acts of cruelty and bodily punishment. The most common method for evaluating sexual sadism is clinical evaluation, that is, evaluation based on the diagnostic criteria of nosological instruments such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It is also possible to evaluate sadistic sexual preferences by phallometry, which provides a physiological measure of sexual excitation by deviant and nondeviant scenarios. The most recently developed evaluation method is the Severe Sexual Sadism Scale (SESAS), a dimensional instrument that has been empirically validated. Despite the availability of all these measurement techniques, very little research has been conducted on their degree of convergence. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between these three measures of sexual sadism. Our analyses were conducted on a sample of rapists ( N = 72), assessed in a maximum-security penitentiary. There was no significant relation between phallometric scores and other measures of sexual sadism. There was, however, an important correlation between SESAS scores and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) sexual sadism diagnosis. Our results are consistent with other phallometric studies, which reported no difference in the penile responses of individuals diagnosed as sadists and those not diagnosed as sadists. Results and implications for future research are discussed.
Behavioral Determinants of Switching to Arsenic-Safe Water Wells
Authors: George Christine Marie , Inauen Jennifer , Perin Jamie , Tighe Jennifer , Hasan Khaled , Zheng Yan
Published: May 2016

More than 100 million people globally are estimated to be exposed to arsenic in drinking water that exceeds the World Health Organization guideline of 10 µg/L. In an effort to develop and test a low-cost sustainable approach for water arsenic testing in Bangladesh, we conducted a randomized controlled trial which found arsenic educational interventions when combined with fee-based water arsenic testing programs led to nearly all households buying an arsenic test for their drinking water sources (93%) compared with only 53% when fee-based arsenic testing alone was offered. The aim of the present study was to build on the findings of this trial by investigating prospectively the psychological factors that were most strongly associated with switching to arsenic-safe wells in response to these interventions. Our theoretical framework was the RANAS (risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation) model of behavior change. In the multivariate logistic regression model of 285 baseline unsafe well users, switching to an arsenic-safe water source was significantly associated with increased instrumental attitude (odds ratio [OR] = 9.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.85, 45.00]), descriptive norm (OR = 34.02; 95% CI = [6.11, 189.45]), coping planning (OR = 11.59; 95% CI = [3.82, 35.19]), and commitment (OR = 10.78; 95% CI = [2.33, 49.99]). In addition, each additional minute from the nearest arsenic-safe drinking water source reduced the odds of switching to an arsenic-safe well by more than 10% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = [0.87, 0.92]). Future arsenic mitigation programs should target these behavioral determinants of switching to arsenic-safe water sources.
Tensile and compressive performances of foam core sandwich composites with various core modifications
Authors: Yalkin Huseyin E , Icten Bulent M , Alpyildiz Tuba
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study is to enhance the out-of-plane tensile and compressive performances of foam core sandwich composite via structural core modifications considering the ease of application and time consumption. The performances of single core perforated, single core stitched, divided core perforated, and divided core stitched sandwich composites are compared with each other and reference plain foam core sandwich composites. Results indicate that “perforated and stitched core” sandwich composites have superior strength, and in terms of performance modification, dividing the core is found very efficient for plain (non-perforated and non-stitched) core sandwich composites.
Natalizumab versus fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis non-responding to first-line injectable therapies
Authors: Baroncini Damiano , Ghezzi Angelo , Annovazzi Pietro O , Colombo Bruno , Martinelli Vittorio , Minonzio Giorgio , Moiola Lucia , Rodegher Mariaemma , Zaffaroni Mauro , Comi Giancarlo
Published: May 2016

Background:

Natalizumab and fingolimod have not been compared in controlled trials but only in observational studies, with inconclusive results.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to compare the effect of natalizumab and fingolimod in reducing disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods:

We included all consecutive RRMS patients switched from first-line agents (glatiramer acetate/interferons) to natalizumab or fingolimod, with a follow-up of 24 months. Data of relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale score and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected. We used propensity score (PS) matching and intention-to-treat analysis.

Results:

We retained 102 patients in each cohort after PS matching, with similar baseline characteristics. More patients discontinued natalizumab compared to fingolimod (33% vs 11%, p < 0.001), mainly for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) concern. No serious adverse events occurred in the two cohorts. Compared to fingolimod, the natalizumab group presented a higher percentage of relapse-free patients (66% vs 80%, p = 0.015), a higher percentage of disability-improved patients (6% vs 15%, p = 0.033), a lower percentage of MRI-active patients (38% vs 14%, p = 0.001) and a higher percentage of patients with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3; 44% vs 70%, p < 0.001) after 2 years of follow-up. Disability worsening was not statistically different in the two groups.

Conclusion:

Natalizumab is superior to fingolimod in RRMS patients non-responding to first-line agents.
The missing voices of Indigenous Australians with autism in research
Authors: Bennett Matthew , Hodgson Vicki
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this Letter to the Editor is to raise awareness among those who read Autism about the limited amount of peer-reviewed literature on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living on the autism spectrum. This letter summarises the results of our search on Pubmed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature on this subject. It then concludes by explaining why more research should be conducted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living on the autism spectrum.
Diagnosis of adverse events after hysterectomy with postoperative self-care web applications: A pilot study
Authors: Gilmour Donna T , MacDonald Norman J , Dukeshire Steven , Whynot Barbara , Sanders Barry , Thiel John , Singh Sony , Campbell Craig , Bajzak Krisztina , Flowerdew Gordon
Published: May 2016

Increased pressures from multiple sources are leading to earlier patient discharge following surgery. Our objective was to test the feasibility of self-care web applications to inform women if, when, and where to seek help for symptoms after hysterectomy. We asked 31 women recovering at home after hysterectomy at two centers to sign into a website on a schedule. For each session, the website informed them about normal postoperative symptoms and prompted them to complete an interactive symptom questionnaire that provided detailed information on flagged responses. We interviewed eight women who experienced an adverse event. Six of these women had used the web application regularly, each indicating they used the information to guide them in seeking care for their complications. These data support that self-care applications may empower patients to manage their own care and present to appropriate health care providers and venues when they experience abnormal symptoms.