bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valores e Princípios da Educação para a Sustentabilidade: programa de formação científico-tecnológica da Universidade Estadual do Amazonas
Authors: Checco Guilherme Barbosa , Cunha Fabiana
Published: June 2022

A sustentabilidade ainda enfrenta alguns desafios na sociedade do século XXI: há pouca clareza a respeito de seu significado, consequentemente a sustentabilidade encontra pouco espaço na educação e formação dos indivíduos e pouca aplicação nas ações empíricas.Dessa maneira, na primeira seção deste artigo é apresentada uma reflexão e posicionamento dos autores acerca do significado de sustentabilidade, seus princípios e valores. A maneira como se interpreta o valor da sustentabilidade impacta diretamente na visão a respeito da função que a educação desenvolve na sociedade.Na seção seguinte é analisada a experiência do “Programa de formação científico-tecnológica das populações dos municípios em áreas protegidas do Estado do Amazonas”, da Universidade Estadual do Amazonas. Essa iniciativa traz consigo aprendizagens importantes para análise e aplicação do conceito de educação para a sustentabilidade.Após o detalhamento da experiência da UEA, é elencado um conjunto de propostas, elaboradas pelos autores deste artigo, as quais pretendem contribuir para o aprimoramento deste programa de formação.O fechamento resgata o conceito de sustentabilidade e sua relação com processos educacionais, especificamente com o programa da UEA apresentado neste artigo. A qualidade desta iniciativa é reconhecida, ao mesmo tempo em que são registradas possibilidades de melhoria e de compartir as aprendizagens dessa experiência.
Gestão da biodiversidade na União Europeia: o Programa Natura 2000 como instrumento para o alcance da Meta 11 de Aichi
Authors: Tozato Heloisa Camargo
Published: June 2022

O artigo analisou como se dá o processo de designação e monitoramento das áreas protegidas da União Europeia (UE) para o cumprimento da Meta 11 de Aichi da Convenção de Diversidade Biológica (CDB). Para tanto, foi realizada a análise documental das políticas públicas conforme Moreira (2005). A gestão da biodiversidade da UE é realizada pelo Programa Natura 2000, maior rede de áreas protegidas do mundo. Seus instrumentos transnacionais de apoio são a Diretiva Hábitats e a Diretiva Aves, as quais devem ser transcritas nas políticas públicas nacionais. A estrutura organizacional de designação e monitoramento de áreas protegidas permite não apenas o monitoramento da rede Natura 2000, mas também a avaliação das próprias políticas públicas. Para que a Meta 11 de Aichi seja alcançada até 2020, são necessários: i) concluir a rede marinha Natura 2000; ii) garantir a gestão eficaz dos sítios; e iii) assegurar o financiamento necessário para apoiar a rede Natura 2000. Outros exemplos de desafios a serem superados são a melhoria do design da rede para ampliar a conservação da biodiversidade de água doce; a amplificação das iniciativas sustentáveis na gestão local e a diminuição da vulnerabilidade da biodiversidade aos impactos das mudanças climáticas.
Environmental Law and Sustainable Tourism: critical analysis between environmental ethics and interests in relation to non-human animal life
Authors: Lopes Anderson Soares , Almeida Paulo Santos
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the exploitation of animal life in tourism observed in certain tourist destinations, such as Jenipabu/RN, which uses dromedaries from the Canary Islands in ethical mismatch. As observed hypotheses, tourism as an economic activity does not share the parameters associated with the preservation of life and sustainability and the use of animals in tourism comes to constitute the reproduction of cases related to the exploitation and violation of animal rights, non-human lives. It is analyzed the evaluation of tourism development of a destination that uses nonhuman life in this activity in certain regions of Brazil. Through exploratory research and qualitative method, it investigates the bibliography, original documentation and articles that address sustainability parameters in Brazilian Environmental Law and tourism, through which it was diagnosed a sustainable development mean for the sector, since this activity tends to reach a factor of preservation of the fauna by contributing to conservation funds. As preliminary conclusion, it is stated that tourism planning needs to share guidelines to ensure the maintenance of animal life for inspection by the responsible agencies, particularly in organizations that use animals in their routine activities, and to encourage the creation and participation of multiple actors in courses of environmental education by promoting parameters of awareness of the maintenance and conservation of non-human life.Keywords: environmental law; sustainable tourism; environmental ethics; sustainability; non-human.
Um olhar psicopolítico acerca de atitudes de graduandos em Psicologia
Authors: Gullnitz Zampronha Maria Amélia
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes de graduação em Psicologia, com o objetivo investigar sua experiência de relacionamento social, considerando três aspectos, definidos como categorias de análise: preconceito, racionalidade tecnológica e narcisismo. Já que o objeto de estudo da Psicologia é o indivíduo, considerado em suas relações com a sociedade, espera-se que o psicólogo seja capaz de perceber-se e diferenciar-se dos outros indivíduos, de percebê-los e diferenciá-los entre si e de refletir criticamente acerca dos contextos social, econômico, cultural e político em que está inserido. Este estudo fundamenta-se na teoria crítica da sociedade e na Psicologia Política. O método compreende a aplicação de uma escala Likert, denominada escala de Experiência com o outro (escala E), e o tratamento estatístico dos resultados. A escala E é dividida em três subescalas, de preconceito, de racionalidade tecnológica e de narcisismo, e avalia as atitudes e opiniões dos sujeitos em relação às três categorias de análise, compreendendo que elas podem permear e interferir na experiência de relacionamento social. Um alto escore na escala E indica prejuízo da experiência espontânea. Os sujeitos são 72 alunos do curso de graduação em Psicologia, de uma faculdade privada da cidade de São Paulo. A hipótese principal previa que a amostra teria uma pontuação maior na subescala de preconceito. Verificou-se que a amostra tende a expressar maiores graus de preconceito e adesão à racionalidade tecnológica e menor grau de narcisismo.
Economia Verde: contribuições para a amenização das mudanças climáticas e avanço do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Luna Cruz Geovani
Published: June 2022

A temática ambiental vem, dia após dia, ganhando força e presença nas agendas governamentais. Seja questões hídricas, como a crise que assola São Paulo, questões de poluição, como o que ocorre com as fábricas chinesas ou mesmo questões de agressão a natureza e a biodioversidade, como o constante desmatamento da Amazônia e da vegetação do cerrado brasileiro. Negar a importância da preocupação para como o meio ambiente é negar, em muitos casos, a realidade de nosso planeta.Deste modo, o presente trabalho visa apresentar ate que ponto a Economia Verde pode ser uma contribuição para a amenização dos efeitos da mudança climática, propiciando o avanço do desenvolvimento sustentável. Inicialmente, será apresentado o conceito de economia verde e seu contexto histórico, passando por outras terminologias que já foram utilizadas neste campo. Em seguida, será apresentada a importância da economia verde para vida em sociedade e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Por fim será apresentada a relação entre economia verde e mudanças climáticas e as considerações finais deste trabalho
A Formação de Psicólogas (os) para a Atuação nos Contextos Rurais: a experiência da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Campo.
Authors: Nascimento Victor Aurélio Santana , Rotolo Luana Maria , Knierim Gislei Siqueira , Andrade Dara , Santos Maísa Joventino dos , Aciole Danila Cristiny de Araújo Moura
Published: June 2022

O distanciamento da Psicologia das demandas das populações do campo é um fato histórico. Mesmo com a sua inserção no contexto das políticas públicas e reorientação da formação a partir das novas diretrizes curriculares, o olhar dessa ciência e profissão manteve-se restrito às demandas do contexto urbano. Em 2011, com a aprovação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo, da Floresta e das Águas (PNSIPCFA), as diferentes profissões da Saúde ganham um marco legal de estímulo à formação de profissionais sensíveis às especificidades dessas populações. A primeira Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família com ênfase na Saúde da População do Campo (RMSC) surge, então, com a missão de formar profissionais de saúde a partir das necessidades e especificidades das populações do campo. O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre a experiência da formação e atuação das (os) residentes de Psicologia inseridas (os) nesse programa, entendendo que a inserção da Psicologia nessa experiência pioneira lança novos olhares para a consolidação tanto da Psicologia Rural, quanto da PNSIPCFA no país.
Gestão de Áreas Protegidas no Brasil: instrumentos de monitoramento da biodiversidade nos sítios Ramsar
Authors: Tozato Heloisa Camargo
Published: June 2022

O monitoramento da biodiversidade constitui um elemento fundamental da gestão das áreas protegidas, pois permite a avaliação do seu estado, a identificação dos vetores de pressão, o reconhecimento dos impactos, a compreensão da efetividade das respostas e subsidia o manejo. No caso dos sítios Ramsar, ele constitui um compromisso brasileiro com a Convenção de Ramsar desde 1996. Com o intuito de identificar as atuais ferramentas brasileiras para o monitoramento da biodiversidade nessas UCs, foram realizados os métodos de pesquisa documental, observação participante e de entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre a gestão nacional e local. As UCs estudadas foram o Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Parque Nacional do Araguaia-Ilha do Bananal, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Área de Proteção Ambiental das Reentrâncias Maranhenses, Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baixada Maranhense, Parque Estadual Marinho do Parcel de Manuel Luís, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estância Ecológica Sesc – Pantanal, Parque Nacional Marinho dos Abrolhos, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, e Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange. Em relação a gestão nacional, a pesquisa identificou o esforço do uso de ferramentas de avaliação da efetividade de gestão, como é o caso do SAMGe. Na escala local dos sítios a implementação dos programas de monitoramento previstos nos planos de manejo (quando existentes) é substituída por outras demandas prioritárias de gestão devido, principalmente, a limitação de recursos financeiro e humano. As poucas pesquisas existentes têm sido realizadas por universidades e institutos parceiros. Em síntese, embora o Brasil tenha assumido o compromisso com a Convenção de Ramsar e com a CDB, nos sítios estudados as ações de monitoramento local da biodiversidade são atualmente insipientes.
Educação Profissional, Gestão Pública e Meio Ambiente: tópicos interdisciplinares sobre produção de energia limpa e renovável
Authors: Gonçalves Ingrid Rodrigues , Maciel Marcia Aparecida , Camargo Paulo Marcos Nunes , Gardinal Ligya Florentino
Published: June 2022

A utilização de energia hidráulica para tracionar atividades humanas não é um assunto do contemporâneo. Os primeiros moinhos movidos a água, datam do século II a.C. Nos dias de hoje, o aproveitamento da energia das águas é buscado visando produzir energia elétrica. Trataremos aqui de duas maneiras de produzir energias limpas e renováveis por meio dos oceanos: maremotriz e ondomotriz. Nosso objetivo geral é abordar tópicos interdisciplinares dessas fontes energéticas. Esse trabalho foi produzido no contexto de um grupo de trabalho visando cumprir uma atividade solicitada pelo Curso de Formação Pedagógica Para Educação Profissional De Nível Médio, do Centro Paula Souza. Organizamos nas referências, todos os materiais consultados e produzimos uma narrativa de história em quadrinhos como material de apoio, visando possibilitar que atividades em sala de aula possam vir a ser produzidas por outros professores. Assim, pensamos ser possível amplificar as discussões aqui apresentadas para explanações acerca de componentes curriculares variados, relacionadas por exemplo às políticas públicas, legislação, sustentabilidade, meio ambiente, etc. Por isso, esperamos que as discussões aqui empreendidas não se encerrem nessas linhas, mas, que a partir delas, multipliquem-se.
Educação Visual e Políticas Públicas: uma construção imagética no vídeo Road Show Prefeitura de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Mariah Boratto Peixoto dos , Cazetta Valéria
Published: June 2022

Analisamos, neste texto, o Road Show Prefeitura de São Paulo, audiovisual publicado no Youtube e que foi apresentado durante a World Government Summit 2017, em Dubai. Esse vídeo constitui parte importante da instituição de uma política pública de desestatização de espaços e serviços públicos, elaborada pela municipalidade paulistana no ano de 2017, objetivando o place marketing (ou marketing de lugares) com a finalidade de conceder à iniciativa privada nacional e internacional um conjunto amplo de equipamentos urbanos públicos e de serviços como iluminação pública, planos funerários entre outros. O procedimento de análise do vídeo foi empreendido com o uso da semiótica peirceana e barthesiana a luz dos estudos de Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos e Henri Lefebvre, resultando na forja de uma educação visual que se dobra tanto nas imaginações espaciais quanto no uso e apropriação dos espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo.
Performar em estado reflexivo: remake da performance “Movement to Promote the Cleanup of the Metropolitan Area (Be Clean)” do Grupo High Red Center (1960)
Authors: Santos Carolina Erika
Published: June 2022

Performar em estado reflexivo é um método de construção de pensamento que se consolida no fazer performativo. Para efeitos desta escrita, problematizações urbanas são simuladas por meio da performance, criando subsídios diferenciados na reflexão do tema. Os registros fotográficos expostos na 29ª Bienal de São Paulo/Brasil da performance do grupo japonês High Red Center provocou na autora reflexões sobre o modo higienista de planejamento urbano, motivando o remake da ação sobre questões atuais na cidade onde mora.
Efêmero Cênico - Eterna Continuidade no Trabalho Trabalho do Ator
Authors: Fortuna Marlene
Published: June 2022

A arte do ator, diferente do que muitos supõem, não tem fim. Está atrelada ao Princípio de Continuidade, correspondendo assim à Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce. Seu percurso é um trilhar estético em constante mutação. Uma cadeia contínua que não termina, mesmo depois da estreia. A questão se difere com relação à atividade do dramaturgo, que, enquanto produtor de linguagem “fixa, passiva, inerte e surda”, tem seu texto pousado, horizontalmente, nas prateleiras das bibliotecas, sujeito a uma simples leitura até que seja (ou não) vitalizado pelos Poetas de Dioniso. A lida do Errante de Baco é vertical e já nasce morrendo. É efêmera, deslocável, seqüencial e líquida. Assim sendo, temos evanescência para o intérprete e durabilidade para o autor; imediatismo-mediatismo; instantaneidade-espera; presentidadeeternidade, respectivamente. Nenhum artista tem tão plena certeza de que suas operações de “manufatura” são trilhas de volatizações constantes como o ator, portador de um método artístico residido no inacabado.  Ele sofre um confronto perturbável com o tempo, sem deixar lugar para o absoluto. Espetáculo pronto, não quer dizer findo, porque o que é cinético, o que é dinâmico e o que está na contemporaneidade de si mesmo, pela própria natureza, está sujeito a modificações permanentes. Ora, o mesmo personagem que energizado estava ontem em cena, hoje, já é outro, porque nós somos também outros a cada dia, em suporte perecível, como a vida. Por outro lado, não estamos nos referindo a fazer uma atuação a cada noite. Isto é caos e tende a enlouquecer o elenco, induzindo a montagem ao naufrágio. Propagamos a reiteração da mesma partitura, com recriações consecutivas. É ser capaz de tornar o “antigo conhecido” em “original desconhecido”. Um jogo! Uma estratégia! Um golpe de mestre! Se há engano certo naquele intérprete que julga ter chegado, na estreia, ao final de seu Processo de Criação, há engano também naquele que entende não precisar de tanto trabalho, de uma vez que sua atividade é fluida. Ao contrário, quanto mais liquidez, mais investimento em estudos, pesquisas de campo e bibliográficas, leituras,   exercícios, formação requintada e exaustiva da aparelhagem técnica, da construção de um repertório que dê conta de tamanha volatilidade.
A State of (Dis)unity and Uncertain Belonging: The Central African Republic and its Muslim Minority
Authors: Collins Laura , Vlavonou Gino
Published: June 2022

This article examines how existing in a larger socio-political environment of contested national belonging shapes Muslims’ experiences in the Central African Republic (car). We draw on data gathered between 2017 and 2019 from various archival sources and in-depth interviews with Muslim religious leaders and non-Muslims in car’s capital, Bangui. We argue that through claims to autochthony a dual logic of exclusion co-occurs which shapes how Muslims experience their minority status. First, national level autochthony debates frame Muslim minority exclusion from the Central African national imagination. Second, at the Muslim intra-communal level, and particularly among religious leaders, autochthony encapsulates debates over “authentic” Muslimhood – fuelled not by contestation over Islamic practice and interpretation, but rather historical contestation based on ethnic exclusion. Specifically, we show that claims to “proper” Central African Muslimhood are premised on autochthony embedded in a dominant myth of primary settlement advanced by certain Muslim leaders.
A Muslim Minority and the Use of Media: Charismatic Aesthetics of the Ahmadiyya in West Africa
Authors: Langewiesche Katrin
Published: June 2022

The minority status of the Ahmadiyya is linked to the doctrine of this movement, described by some as heterodox, by others as non-Islamic, but also in connection to their minority demographics, whether in Burkina Faso, the country under scrutiny here, or within the overall Muslim population. The article examines the special case of the Ahmadiyya to answer general issues regarding the transnational expansion of Muslim minorities and their use of media in the struggle for recognition and participation in national public spheres. The description of the iconographic aesthetics of this Muslim missionary minority, in particular the use of the portraits of the charismatic leaders, is used to analyse the challenges of its self-representation towards the Muslim majority worldwide. The analysis of Ahmadiyya’s iconographic discourse highlights that the charismatic aesthetics makes individuals sense the power of the caliphate in their intimacy. It also emphasises the tensions related to their mediatised selfrepresentation.
Pteris pseudoamoena (Pteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China and Vietnam
Authors: GUO RUI , WANG JIA-MEI , ZHANG WEN , HE DAN , YU JING , YANG DONG-MEI
Published: June 2022

A new species of fern, Pteris pseudoamoena (Pteridaceae), was identified and characterized. It is currently found in Guangxi Province, China, and Vietnam. Pteris pseudoamoena shares similar morphological characters with P. amoena and P. mcclurei, but can be distinguished by spores with echinate-tuberculate and auriculate ornamentation, straw-colored stipes, rachises and costae, and mostly free, occasionally interlinked veins. In addition, molecular evidence indicated that the new species is sister to a clade consisting of P. amoena, P. nakasimae and P. mcclurei.
Typification of three names of Asian conifers
Authors: KHURAIJAM JIBANKUMAR SINGH , WIERSEMA JOHN H.
Published: June 2022

A nomenclatural review of Abies delavayi and Picea brachytyla (Pinaceae) and Nageia wallichiana (Podocarpaceae) is provided with their lectotypification.
On the status of Hypena helenae Berio, 1972 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)
Authors: KARISCH TIMM , KRAMP KATJA
Published: June 2022

The authors present the results of morphological, anatomic and genetic studies on Hypena helenae Berio, 1972. They revealed the synonymy of this species with Hypena commixtalis Zeller, 1852 (Hypena helenae Berio, 1972 syn. nov.).
New genus of erotine net-winged beetles, Damzenium gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Lycidae), from Eocene Rovno amber
Authors: KAZANTSEV SERGEY V. , BOCAK LADISLAV
Published: June 2022

A new genus and a new species of erotine net-winged beetles, Damzenium rivnense gen., sp. nov., are described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. The new taxon is placed in the tribe Erotini (Lycidae: Erotinae) based on the general appearance, structure of pronotal carinae and elytral costae. Its elytral primary costa 3 is very stout and forms the humeral edge. Primary costa 4 is weak and we have not been able to clearly identify regular four rows of cells in the wide external interstice. Similar modification of elytral longitudinal costae is known from the related tribe Dictyopterini. This discovery increases the number of Baltic and Rovno amber taxa of Lycidae to six genera and seven species. Remarkably, five genera and six species of these belong in the subfamily Erotinae, which has never been reported from other amber deposits. This quite species-poor group of net-winged beetles is still represented almost exclusively in the Holarctic fauna.
Standardized Medical Coding Curriculum in Surgical Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Selvakumar Sruthi , Ngatuvai Micah , Zagales Ruth , Sauder Matthew , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Despite the increasing importance of coding and billing in healthcare as a whole and calls from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to emphasize systems-based practice, many surgical training programs have not prioritized coding and billing within their curricula. We aim to evaluate the performance of surgical residents and early career surgeons in coding and billing and to appraise interventions to improve coding and billing abilities within this group.

Methods

A literature search from conception to March 15th, 2022 utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE was conducted to search for studies that evaluate surgical resident coding practices and interventions to improve practice management and financial competency.

Results

Discrepancies in coding and billing ability are prominent between residents, surgeons, and professional coders. One study demonstrated coding accuracy of 76.5% for professional coders, 62.1% for surgical attendings, and 54.1% for surgical residents, whereas another study reported a 52.82% coding accuracy and residents. Resident performance in coding and billing was inferior to their more experienced surgical attending counterparts and professional coders. Surgical residents and fellows demonstrated significantly improved knowledge and confidence in coding following the administration of either individual or longitudinal educational interventions.

Conclusion

Coding and billing discrepancies among students, residents, and surgeons persist due to a lack of formalized training. Integration of standardized and mandated medical coding curricula and interventions within residency programs has great potential to improve surgical coding practices and should be a mandatory component of graduate medical education.
A Suggested Revision of the 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines (Version: April 30, 2022)
Authors: Salop Steven C.
Published: June 2022

The Department of Justice (DOJ)/Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Vertical Merger Guidelines (VMGs) were adopted by the FTC in June 2020 by a party-line 3-2 party line over the dissent of the Acting Chair. They were withdrawn by the FTC in September 2021. Withdrawal was appropriate because the VMGs are both incomplete and overly permissible. At this writing, the Guidelines are currently under revision, This draft is designed to aid that process and act as a supplement to the Guidelines that are adopted.
Military Conscription and Nonviolent Resistance
Authors: Cebul Matthew D. , Grewal Sharan
Published: June 2022

Nonviolent campaigns against repressive regimes often turn on the military’s decision to either defend the ruler or make common cause with the ruled. Yet surprisingly little scholarship investigates opposition expectations for the military’s likely response to mass protest. We theorize that some determinants of the military’s willingness to repress are more observable to activists than others. In particular, we identify conscription as a highly salient indicator that soldiers will refuse to fire on protesters and hypothesize that nonviolent campaigns are more likely to materialize against regimes with conscripted armies than those with volunteer forces. We substantiate this theory with two sources of evidence: (1) a survey experiment conducted during the 2019 Algerian Revolution and (2) a cross-national analysis of the positive association between conscription and nonviolent campaign onset from 1945 to 2013.
Moral Logics of Support for Nonviolent Resistance: Evidence From a Cross-National Survey Experiment
Authors: Dahlum Sirianne , Pinckney Jonathan , Wig Tore
Published: June 2022

An emerging consensus holds that nonviolent resistance campaigns are more successful than violent campaigns, partly because they attract more participants. Yet, we lack an understanding of whether and why nonviolent tactics attracts support. We propose two motivational logics that can explain support for nonviolence: An instrumentalist logic, whereby nonviolent resistance is preferred based on cost-benefit considerations, and an intrinsic logic where nonviolent resistance is preferred because of perceived inherent moral worth. To investigate the motivational pull of these two logics, we conduct a pre-registered survey experiment among more than 5000 respondents across 33 countries in fall 2019. We find that nonviolent tactics strongly increase movement support relative to violent tactics, and that the preference for nonviolence is primarily driven by intrinsic commitments to the moral worth of nonviolent resistance, rather than instrumental considerations.
Performance-related pay, fairness perceptions, and effort in public management tasks: a parallel encouragement design
Authors: Belardinelli Paolo , Belle Nicola , Cantarelli Paola , Battaglio Paul
Published: June 2022

This randomized study explores the causal mechanisms linking contingent pay to individual performance on a series of tasks mimicking real public management activities. Employing a parallel encouragement design in a laboratory setting, we disentangle the overall, direct, and indirect performance effects of perceived fairness as well as a pay scheme that reproduces the merit system provisions adopted by the Italian government. The overall performance effect of that contingent pay scheme turned out to be insignificant when averaged across the four experimental tasks. However, a significant pay-for-performance effect was detected for the most routine task. Moreover, we observed heterogeneity in the treatment effect depending on the participants’ relative positioning in the performance ranking. Overall, the data do not provide support for a mediation model linking contingent pay-for-performance through perceived fairness.

Points for practitioners

Workers tend to perceive pay-for-performance as fairer than equal pay. The effectiveness of pay-for-performance seems to be greater for more routine tasks. Public organizations and their managers should be aware that the effects of pay-for-performance may be unpredictable because they depend on a multitude of factors.
Retention of Intrafibrillar Minerals Improves Resin–Dentin Bond Durability
Authors: Shan T. , Huang L. , Tay F.R. , Gu L.
Published: June 2022

The concept of extrafibrillar demineralization involves selective removal of apatite crystallites from the extrafibrillar spaces of mineralized dentin without disturbing the intrafibrillar minerals within collagen. This helps avoiding activation of endogenous proteases and enables air-drying of partially demineralized dentin without causing collapse of completely demineralized collagen matrix that adversely affects resin infiltration. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC)–based extrafibrillar demineralization in improving resin–dentin bond durability. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that QCMC synthesized by quaternization of O-carboxymethyl chitosan had moderate affinity for Ca2+ (binding constant: 8.9 × 104 M−1). Wet and dry bonding with the QCMC-based demineralization produced tensile bond strengths equivalent to the phosphoric acid (H3PO4)–based etch-and-rinse technique. Those bond strengths were maintained after thermocycling. Amide I and PO43− mappings of QCMC-conditioned dentin were performed with atomic force microscope–infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). Whereas H3PO4-etched dentin exhibited an extensive reduction in PO43− signals corresponding to apatite depletion, QCMC-conditioned dentin showed scattered dark areas and bright PO43− streak signals. The latter were consistent with areas identified as collagen fibrils in the amide I mapping and were suggestive of the presence of intrafibrillar minerals in QCMC-conditioned dentin. Young’s modulus mapping of QCMC-demineralized dentin obtained by AFM-based amplitude modulation–frequency modulation recorded moduli that were the same order of magnitude as those in mineralized dentin and at least 1 order higher than H3PO4-etched dentin. In situ zymography of the gelatinolytic activity within hybrid layers created with QCMC conditioning revealed extremely low signals before and after thermocycling, compared with H3PO4-etched dentin for both wet and dry bonding. Confocal laser scanning microscopy identified the antibacterial potential of QCMC against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Taken together, the QCMC-based demineralization retains intrafibrillar minerals, preserves the elastic modulus of collagen fibrils, reduces endogenous proteolytic activity, and inhibits bacteria biofilms to extend dentin bond durability.
Addressing inequality: The impetus behind the Sex Discrimination and Fair Work (Respect at Work) Amendment Act 2021 (Cth)
Authors: Thew Penny
Published: June 2022

While this article commences with apologies issued on 8 February 2022 in the Commonwealth Parliament in respect of alleged sexual harassment, workplace bullying and sexual assault, its focus is on the drivers behind and implications of the Sex Discrimination and Fair Work (Respect at Work) Amendment Act 2021 (Cth). Both flowed from reviews conducted by the Federal Sex Discrimination Commissioner, Kate Jenkins, and both were propelled by a need to address historical deficiencies and inequalities in workplace practice and culture leading to what is described now by the leader of the Opposition as ‘unsafe’ and ‘disrespectful’ workplaces.
Creative hubs in Hanoi, Vietnam: Transgressive spaces in a socialist state?
Authors: Labbe Danielle , Zuberec Celia , Turner Sarah
Published: June 2022

Vietnam’s capital city has recently witnessed the emergence of a new type of cultural space akin to what have been labelled creative hubs in other contexts: that is, locales that foster creation, collaboration, community engagement and business development in the cultural sector. During the 2010s, Hanoi saw a proliferation of small-scale, art-oriented creative hubs, most of them community-led and developed without state funding. In a context marked by a government historically wary of contemporary and experimental arts, these spaces face various forms of state control ranging from the censorship of events, to stiff fines or even closure. Despite these barriers, creative hubs have become important sites for the gathering and formation of Hanoi’s contemporary arts scene and countercultures. Based on over 80 interviews conducted in 2019, this paper investigates the motives behind the rise of these spaces in Hanoi and the political engagement techniques their founders, operators and users employ to remain in operation. Drawing on the notion of ‘informal life politics’, we argue that creative hubs seek to provide spaces of (partial) autonomy from governmentality in Hanoi. We further find that artists, intellectuals and other creative individuals use these spaces to challenge state controls. They do so not by lobbying formal institutions for policy changes, but instead by enacting the more open and free socio-cultural milieu they seek, from the bottom up.
UNESCO’s World Heritage List: power, national interest, and expertise
Authors: Barros Leal Farias Deborah
Published: June 2022

With almost universal membership, the World Heritage Convention is at the heart of the global governance of heritage. Nested within UNESCO, the Convention sets the parameters for determining which natural and/or cultural sites can receive the prestigious ‘World Heritage Property’ designation and be added to the World Heritage List. What started in the early 1970s as an expert-based classification procedure focused on heritage preservation has become an ostensive political process, and a hotbed of competing nations interested in the domestic and international power deriving from inscriptions in the World Heritage List. This paper takes this empirical case as a springboard to reflect upon two key interrelated issues: the politicization of expertise and classification by International Organizations, and heritage as a national identity project and projection of ‘soft power’. In doing so, it highlights how changes in the global system since the late 19th century – for example, colonialism, Cold War, ‘emerging’ powers – affected the global politics of heritage. The paper adds to the incredibly trans-disciplinary field of world heritage research by anchoring itself in International Relations literature, mostly through a Constructivist-based approach.
Maximizing Writing Interventions for Individuals Receiving Special Education Services Through Technological Applications in the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Hampshire Patricia Korzekwa , Crawford Michael , Sawyer Mali
Published: June 2022

Since its inception, special education has historically been an underfunded federal mandate leaving states and school districts unable to offer more than a basic level of support for individuals with disabilities. The amount and frequency of time allotted for special services including Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Physical Therapy is not sufficient for making significant and lasting progress, and many parents have expressed dissatisfaction with the current service delivery model. In this paper, we explore the issue of accessibility and how technology may play a role in leveling the playing field for students who, prior to this COVID-19 pandemic, were receiving inadequate levels of intervention to make progress on goals outlined within their Individualized Education Program. We explore one teacher’s experience implementing a new application in her classroom aimed at increasing writing accuracy, while addressing the need for platforms that are engaging and promote parent participation.
Active conductive head cooling of normal and infarcted brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study
Authors: Diprose William K , Morgan Catherine A , Wang Michael TM , Diprose James P , Lin Joanne C , Sheriff Sulaiman , Campbell Doug , Barber P Alan
Published: June 2022

Active conductive head cooling is a simple and non-invasive intervention that may slow infarct growth in ischemic stroke. We investigated the effect of active conductive head cooling on brain temperature using whole brain echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. A cooling cap (WElkins Temperature Regulation System, 2nd Gen) was used to administer cooling for 80 minutes to healthy volunteers and chronic stroke patients. Whole brain echo-planar spectroscopic imaging scans were obtained before and after cooling. Brain temperature was estimated using the Metabolite Imaging and Data Analysis System software package, which allows voxel-level temperature calculations using the chemical shift difference between metabolite (N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline) and water resonances. Eleven participants (six healthy volunteers, five post-stroke) underwent 80 ± 5 minutes of cooling. The average temperature of the coolant was 1.3 ± 0.5°C below zero. Significant reductions in brain temperature (ΔT = –0.9 ± 0.7°C, P = 0.002), and to a lesser extent, rectal temperature (ΔT = –0.3 ± 0.1°C, P = 0.03) were observed. Exploratory analysis showed that the occipital lobes had the greatest reduction in temperature (ΔT = –1.5 ± 1.2°C, P = 0.002). Regions of infarction had similar temperature reductions to the contralateral normal brain. Future research could investigate the feasibility of head cooling as a potential neuroprotective strategy in patients being considered for acute stroke therapies.
Overexpression of GNA13 correlates with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy
Authors: Pan Zichun , Zheng Zhousan , Ye Wen , Chen Cui , Ye Sheng
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to explore the expression and clinical implication of guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha 13 (GNA13) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

We first employed western blot analysis to test the GNA13 protein expression level in ESCC tissues. Subsequently, we used immunohistochemistry assays to detect the GNA13 in ESCC specimens from 173 patients who underwent esophagectomy. Survival analysis was performed to define the impact of GNA13 expressions on the prognosis of the ESCC patients based on the clinical and follow-up data.

Results

The GNA13 protein was shown to be considerably higher in ESCC tissues than in normal esophageal tissues. The level of expression was closely related to the tumor, node, TNM stage, and tumor size. More importantly, ESCC patients with high GNA13 expression carried an increased risk of tumor recurrence compared to those with low GNA13 expression. In addition, a high GNA13 expression level could independently predict worse overall survival and disease-free survival in ESCC.

Conclusions

GNA13 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for ESCC patients after esophagectomy.
Ensuring IDEA implementation for students with disabilities across instructional modalities
Authors: Rice Mary F. , Pazey Barbara L.
Published: June 2022

In 2020, millions of students, including students with disabilities, transitioned to remote learning due to the COVID pandemic. In this article, we link key elements of special education law and policy to the challenges faced by schools and suggest implications for educational leaders who continue to support students during the pandemic and beyond. Due to the requirements contained in the ongoing recommendations advanced by the Biden administration for the safe reopening of elementary and secondary schools, we call for a rethinking of how to adhere to such guidelines on behalf of students with disabilities, including those requiring significant supports. Suggestions for school leaders and future research and considerations related to the safe return to school and provision of special educational supports are offered.
A Configurational Approach to Attracting Participation in Crowdsourcing Social Innovation: The Case of Openideo
Authors: Wang Rong , Chen Bin
Published: June 2022

Crowdsourcing social innovation refers to utilization of crowdsourcing to solve social issues. It faces two organizational communication challenges to attract contributions: the public’s short attention span and concerns about a project’s feasibility. Guided by configurational thinking, we combine agenda setting theory and signaling theory to explore how combinations of four factors—media coverage, project duration, number of partners, and cross-sectoral partnership—can complement or substitute for one another to explain high and low crowd contributions solicited. With 53 cases from Openideo.com, we employ a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to identify two pathways to high contributions and two pathways resulting in low contributions. Implications on how organizations may design their crowdsourcing projects to attract more contributions are provided.
Working Lives in India: Current Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Hammer Anita , Keles Janroj Yilmaz , Olsen Wendy
Published: June 2022

India presents a rich context for research on work and employment, epitomising the paradox of an ‘emerging economy’ but one where 92.4% of the workforce is informal – insecure, unprotected, poor – and women and disadvantaged groups most vulnerable. It displays a wide range of production relations in its formal/informal economy, embedded in diverse social relations, and the related forms of exploitation and resistance. This WES Themed Collection aims to review existing WES scholarship on India since 2001, identifying both gaps in scholarship and fruitful avenues for future research on India. The purpose is to showcase some of this scholarship while also advancing the internationalisation and expansion of the journal’s presence in countries in the Global South. This effort is timely as decolonisation of scholarship and increased focus on the South is on the intellectual agenda, challenging established structures of power and knowledge in academia.
How street-level bureaucrats exercise their discretion to encourage clients’ political participation: A case study of Israeli LGBTQ+ teachers
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan
Published: June 2022

Do street-level bureaucrats exercise discretion to encourage clients’ political participation? If so, how, and in what way is it demonstrated? This study examines these questions empirically through 36 semi-structured in-depth interviews with LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) teachers in Israel. Findings reveal that these street-level bureaucrats encourage clients to participate politically through strategies they adopt both inside and outside the work environment. In the classroom their lessons contain political content and expressions of political protest. Outside school they employ digital media to influence students. Clients’ political participation is manifested both jointly with street-level bureaucrats and independently of them.
Preparation and performance of acrylic acid grafted PES ultrafiltration membrane via plasma surface activation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Ru
Published: June 2022

A modified PES ultrafiltration membrane with excellent separation and antifouling properties was obtained after modification by remote Ar–NH3 plasma-induced acrylic acid (AA) grafting. Hydrophilic properties were characterised using water contact angle measurements. The morphology was analysed using SEM and BET measurements. Changes in the surface functional groups were determined using XPS and ATR-FTIR. The separation and antifouling properties were evaluated through a bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation experiment. The results revealed that the surface structure of the modified membrane was not destroyed, that amino groups were introduced on the surface of the PES membrane, and that AA was successfully grafted. The water contact angle decreased from 67° in the original membrane to 5 ± 0.63° in the modified membrane. The water flux increased from 30 to 93.6 L/(m2·h). The rejection rate of BSA increased from 61.5 to 93.8%, and the flux recovery rate increased from 60.0 to 92.3%.
Multifrequency composite synchronization of three inductor motors with the method of fixed speed ratio in a vibration system
Authors: Jia Lei , Liu Ziliang
Published: June 2022

Based on this paper, multifrequency composite synchronization of three inductor motors with the method of fixed speed ratio in a vibration system is investigated. The multifrequency composite synchronization consists of self-synchronization and multifrequency controlled synchronization. In the self-synchronization part, motor 1 and motor 2 can implement the self-synchronization motion in the vibration system. In the part of multifrequency controlled synchronization, motor 3 traces motor 1 with the fuzzy PID method based on a modified master–slave controlling strategy. To satisfy the need in engineering, the stable phase difference should be implemented in the vibration system. The feasibility of the theory is analyzed by the numerical simulation and some discussions about the arbitrariness of the multifrequency parameter are listed. And then, based on a vibrating test bench driven by three eccentric motors (ERs), some experiments are given to certify the effectiveness of the proposed method of multifrequency composite synchronization. Meanwhile, a priority in the multifrequency composite synchronization motion is proposed. The self-synchronization is first realized and then the controlled synchronization is. Finally, from the numerical and experiment results, it is inferred that the zero phase difference between motors 1 and motor 2 as well as the multifrequency phase difference between motors 1 and 3 can't be realized in the multifrequency self-synchronization. However, with the fixed frequency ratio method based on the fuzzy PID controlling method, the results above can be realized in the multifrequency composite synchronization.
Theoretical analysis on condensation heat transfer on the hydrophobic–hydrophilic hybrid surfaces with the impact of the Marangoni convection
Authors: Vatanjoo Ehsan , Aminian Ehsan , Kamali Mohammad , Saffari Hamid
Published: June 2022

Condensation occurs in the forms of filmwise condensation and dropwise condensation. Over the past decade, hybrid hydrophobic–hydrophilic surfaces have received significant attention due to their potential to enhance the heat transfer rate compared to complete dropwise condensation. The maximum condensed droplet radius in the hydrophobic region has a considerable impact on the heat transfer characteristics. This paper discusses the effect of the maximum droplet radius on hybrid surface heat transfer characteristics. On top of that, Marangoni convection effects originated due to the temperature gradient as a heat transfer resistance on the heat transfer rate is considered, modelled and investigated. Three models were investigated in this paper. The results indicate that there is an optimum maximum droplet radius for each model that can improve the heat transfer rate. When the filmwise region width increases from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, the optimum maximum droplet radius increases from 0.25 mm to 0.3 mm. For a fixated droplet contact angle and filmwise and dropwise region widths, the hybrid heat flux of the smooth dropwise model can be up to 1.55 times higher than that of the Cassie–Baxter model, and the hybrid heat flux of the smooth dropwise model can be up to 1.38 time higher than that of the Wenzel state. Finally, considering Marangoni convection showed up to a 30% increase in the heat transfer coefficient in some cases.