bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence of platelet overactivation and thrombosis formation among patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Xu Huajie , Zhao Xin , Zhang Peng , Zhou Qi , Fan Bing , Zhang Si , Wu Hongyi
Published: February 2024

Background
Association of Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines with thrombosis has raised concerns among patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).
Objectives
After vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, to detect thrombosis formation in atherosclerosis ApoE−/− mice, and platelet activation, coagulation, the profile of prothrombotic antibodies, and the production of platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies in patients with CAD.
Methods
Atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice were immunized with saline or inactivated SARS-CoV vaccines. We investigated FeCl3-induced thrombus formation in vivo, and thrombus formation under flow conditions ex vivo. Inpatients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively enrolled and defined according to vaccination status. We evaluated coagulation by thrombelastograph (TEG), platelet activation makers by flow cytometry, PF4 antibody and antiphospholipid antibodies by ELISA, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody.
Results
In atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice, FeCl3-induced thrombus formation and thrombus formation under flow conditions were similar between saline-treated and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines-treated groups. A total of 182 patients undergoing PCI were included in the final analysis, of whom 92 had been vaccinated. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between unvaccinated and vaccinated groups. The expression of PAC-1 and P-selectin, the prevalence of positivity for PF4 antibodies and antiphospholipid antibodies were similar between these two groups.
Conclusions
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines did not potentiate thrombosis formation in atherosclerotic mice. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines did not enhance platelet activation, or trigger the production of PF4 and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with CAD. Our data adds evidence to the safety profile of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Separation and Cultivation of Calcified Nanoparticles in Gallstones: A Related Study
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Su Xuanli , Yang Jian , Shi Haojie , Niu Sanqiang , He Yufan , Li Zhenhao
Published: February 2024

This study aims to explore effective and feasible methods for the separation and cultivation of calcified nanoparticles using obtained gallstones as an example. It also investigates the relationship between calcified nanoparticles and the formation of gallstones. These findings provide a fundamental basis for further research on the characteristics and applications of calcified nanoparticles.
Methods:
1. Twenty gallstone samples were surgically collected from patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University between March and May 2023.
Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval:The research related to human use complies with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies, adhering to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. All methods are conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. It has also been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi Medical University.(approval number: KJX2022-107-01, date: 2022/1/10).
2. Gallstone specimens underwent hydrochloric acid demineralization and bacterial filtration methods to isolate calcified nanoparticles.
3. The isolated calcified nanoparticles were cultured in a cell culture incubator for four weeks. A comparison was made with a blank control group to observe the presence of white precipitates at the bottom of the tube.
4. Purified calcified nanoparticles were collected and analyzed using electron microscopy.
Results:
1. Calcified nanoparticles were successfully isolated and extracted from gallstone specimens.
2. The presence of calcified nanoparticles suggests their potential contribution to gallstone formation.
3. Elemental analysis of calcified nanoparticles revealed the predominance of inorganic components such as calcium, phosphorus, and silicon.
Conclusion: Calcified nanoparticles have been identified in gallstones and may play a significant role in the formation of gallstones. However, the exact nature and mechanism of calcified nanoparticles in stone-related diseases are yet to be fully understood. Therefore, further research is required to explore and elucidate the role of calcified nanoparticles in gallstone formation.
Placental and Cleft Palate: Preliminary Insights from Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Lin Lanling , Wei Mianxing , Luo Xiao , Zhang Chong , Jing Bingshuai , Wang Jue , Shi Bing , Gong Meng , Li Chenghao
Published: February 2024

The correlation between glucocorticoids and cleft palate, a prevalent congenital abnormality, remains controversial, particularly concerning the uncertain status of placenta-palate formation. Utilizing a dexamethasone-induced cleft palate model in New Zealand rabbits, an integrated analysis of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics was conducted to explore the correlation between placental pathology and cleft palate. After dexamethasone treatment, approximately 60% of rabbit embryos developed cleft palates. Obvious pathologic change were observed on placenta including fibrosis, calcification, and necrosis. Transcriptomic analysis identified 4,744 differentially expressed genes in the placenta, involving pathways related to hormonal responses, vascular development, and inflammatory reactions. Metabolomic data revealed significant metabolic differences in both the placenta and amniotic fluid, with notable increases in urea levels in the placenta, while urea and arginine levels were markedly reduced in the amniotic fluid. Furthermore, metabolic disruptions in urea cycle, particularly an increase in arginase activity, may related to placental pathological changes. Overall, there is a correlation between placental pathology and cleft palate. Disruption of the urea cycle may contribute to placental lesions associated with the development of cleft palate. This offers a novel direction for understanding the mechanism of cleft palate formation, suggesting a potential significant role of placental metabolic disorders.
A Middle Tithonian ammonite faunula from the historical outcrop ofMonte Acuto (Cantiano, Umbro-Marchean Apennine, Italy)
Authors: Nannarone Carlo , Bilotta Massimiliano
Published: February 2024

The Middle Tihonian ammonite assemblage found in a single bank (with a total thickness of about 30 cm and subdivided in two beds), from the classic Monte Acuto outcrop originarily quoted in the second half of the nineteenth century, is here described. From the micritic matrix 20 ammonite specimens were extracted, belonging to 13 species, among which one, here dubitatively ascribed to Cordubiceras, was previously devoid of a formal designation and represents the first possible record of such a genus in central Italy. The fauna is dated to the Volanense Zone of the standard Mediterranean scheme.
Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Exclusivity in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Adesanoye Joy K. , Isiugo-Abanihe Uche C.
Published: February 2024

Malnutrition and mortality persistently affect the health and survival of Nigerian children, despite government efforts through policies and program interventions. In response to this, this study examined how the socio-economic characteristics of mothers impact the attainment of breastfeeding exclusivity. The goal is to trace the problem of non-adoption of interventions back to its roots. "The study employed the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection from a sample of 406 women found at the immunization and antenatal clinics of two key hospitals in Akure. These women had their last birth in the three years before the survey. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, while descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained for the quantitative data, using simple percentages, chi-square statistic to test relationships, and logistic regression to evaluate the influence of socio-economic and maternal factors on attainment of exclusivity. A total of 396 eligible women were included in the final sample. Nearly all women (99.5%) ever breastfed their infants and 60% have high knowledge of breastfeeding though less than half (42%) of women achieved early initiation. More than half of women (53%) achieved exclusive breastfeeding as against the generally low rate found in Nigeria as a whole. The study found an association between place of delivery and attainment of early breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity. Maternal and socio-economic factors like mother’s age, income, and breastfeeding knowledge influence attainment of exclusivity at 95% confidence level. Akure and Nigeria at large have not yet hit their target at promoting the health and survival of infants and young children as the findings still fall below the 90% WHO/UNICEF recommendation in children less than 6 months in developing countries
The Social Determinants of Mental Health Burden Two Years into the Pandemic: A Brief Report from a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Hall Lauren , Graca Briget da , Bennett Monica , Powers Mark , Warren Ann Marie
Published: February 2024

Objective: To examine two waves of longitudinal survey data, at 1- and 2-years into the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine sociodemographic and economic risk factors for prolonged mental health distress.
Methods: A longitudinal study of adults (N=1,412) began in April of 2020 in a large health system in Texas. Follow-up surveys were sent at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The survey data included demographics, self-report mental health history, and symptoms of depression (PHQ-8). Generalized linear regression models were utilized to determine factors associated with a change in PHQ-8 at 1-year and 2-years from baseline.
Results: Significant increases in PHQ-8 scores at both 1- and 2-year follow-up were associated with lower income, lower education, unemployment, history of depression, and being a healthcare worker or essential worker.
Conclusions: Lower income individuals, those unemployed at baseline, essential workers, healthcare providers, and people with a history of depression reported worsening depression symptoms from their baseline scores.
Policy implications: Establishing mechanisms and pathways of causality in social determinants of health research is critical to inform public health policy and population health interventions.
Genetically Programmable Optical Random Neural Networks
Authors: Tegin Ugur , Carpinlioglu Bora , Danis Bahrem Serhat
Published: February 2024

Today, machine learning tools, particularly artificial neural networks, have become crucial for diverse applications. However, current digital computing tools to train and deploy artificial neural networks often struggle with massive data sizes and high power consumptions. Optical computing provides inherent parallelism and perform fundamental operations with passive optical components. However, most of the optical computing platforms suffer from relatively low accuracies for machine learning tasks due to fixed connections while avoiding complex and sensitive techniques. Here, we demonstrate a genetically programmable yet simple optical neural network to achieve high performances with optical random projection. By genetically programming the orientation of the scattering medium which acts as a random projection kernel and only using 1% of the search space, our novel technique finds an optimum kernel and improves its initial test accuracies 7-22% for various machine learning tasks. Our optical computing method presents a promising approach to achieve high performance in optical neural networks with a simple and scalable design.
Societal costs of older adults with low back pain seeking chiropractic care: findings from the BACE-C cohort study
Authors: Maas Esther , Vossen Brenda L van der , Dongen Johanna M van , Jenks Alan D , Rubinstein Sidney M
Published: February 2024

Background
To describe the societal costs during one year of follow-up among older adults seeking chiropractic care due to a new episode of low back pain (LBP), and to determine what factors predict high societal costs in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study, within chiropractic private practices (n = 38) in the Netherlands. 233 people ≥ 55 years of age with a new episode of LBP seeking chiropractic care participated. The primary outcome was total societal costs. High societal costs were defined as patients with costs in the top 20th percentile. The final prediction models were obtained using forward selection. Results were presented for the total population and stratified for retirement status. The model’s prognostic accuracy (Hosmer-Lemeshow X2, Nagelkerke’s R2) and discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC)) were assessed, and the models were internally validated using bootstrapping.
Results
The mean total annual societal cost per patient was €5122 (95%CI:4018–6227). The biggest cost driver was presenteeism (47% of total costs), and costs were greater among non-retired participants (€7579; 95%CI:5877–9281) than retired participants (€1754; 95%CI:1010–2499). In the total population, younger age (odds ratio (OR):0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.81–0.99), being male (OR:0.23; 95%CI:0.08–0.64), less alcohol intake (OR:0.36; 95%CI:0.14–0.98), working (OR:0.04; 95%CI:0.00-0.38), and more disability at baseline (OR:1.06; 95%CI:0.98–1.15) were found to be predictive of high societal costs. Working was found to be the strongest predictor for high societal costs. After internal validation, the model’s fit was good, it’s explained variance was moderate (36%) and their AUCs could be interpreted as moderate (0.77). For non-pensioners, the same predictive factors were identified as for the entire population. The costs for the retired participants showed too little variation to be able to predict high costs.
Conclusions
This study estimated the mean total annual societal cost of older adults seeking chiropractic care due to a new episode of LBP at €5122 (95%CI:4018–6227). These costs were mainly due to high levels of presenteeism, and extensively differed based upon work status.
Unveiling Nerve Match in Free Gracilis Muscle Transplantation: A Comprehensive Anatomical Investigation
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhou Xiang , Li Ping , Qi Jian , Gu Liqiang , Qin Bengang
Published: February 2024

Objective: To evaluate the compatibility between common donor nerves such as the accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, and intercostal nerves in terms of cross-sectional area and the number of myelinated nerve fibers, compared with the obturator nerve's anterior branch to the gracilis muscle.
Methods: Six fresh frozen cadavers were dissected to expose the accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, intercostal nerves, and the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to the gracilis muscle. Measurements of cross-sectional area, and the number of myelinated nerve fibers were taken.
Results: The number of myelinated nerve fibers in the gracilis muscle nerve was 2870.56 ± 1216.99, with a cross-sectional area of 0.56 ± 0.24 mm²; the accessory nerve had 2210.55 ± 1461.82 myelinated nerve fibers with a cross-sectional area of 0.43 ± 0.28, giving a fiber ratio of 0.77 compared to the gracilis muscle nerve; the phrenic nerve had 2845.65 ± 765.40 myelinated nerve fibers with a cross-sectional area of 0.55 ± 0.15, giving a fiber ratio of 0.99. The detailed counts of myelinated nerve fibers, cross-sectional areas, and their ratios compared to the gracilis muscle nerve for each intercostal nerve are presented in Table-1 and Table-2.
Conclusion：
This study focuses on optimal nerve matching in functional muscle transplantation for brachial plexus injury reconstruction using FMT. Findings indicate a 0.7 ratio as optimal when using three intercostal nerves, compared to 0.77 and 0.99 for SAN and phrenic nerve matches, respectively.
A Pathology-Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Predicting Microsatellite Instability State in Colorectal Cancer: Validation across Diverse Platforms and Asian Cohorts
Authors: Zhang Zhenqi , Wang Wenyan , Song yaolin , Liu xinyu , Yang ping , Shi hailei , Tian geng , Yang jialiang , Xing Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

Background The determination of microsatellite (MS) state plays a vital role in precise diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the limited availability of medical resources and challenging economic circumstances render MS state testing unattainable for a significant proportion of CRC patients. We propose a novel pathology-interpretable deep learning model to predict the MS state of CRC, with an inclination to validate in the Asian population across multiple cohorts and sequencing platforms.
Methods Pathological images, documented MS state and clinical characteristics of 360 CRC patients from the cancer genome atlas together with 782 cases from Chinese hospital were included.
Results The model demonstrated notable generalization ability, achieving an AUC of 0.92 in the independent verification cohort and an AUC of 0.93 in the multicenter cohort. We achieved cell nucleus segmentation and image-based cell type identification using the hover-net model to provide the pathology interpretation of the model, unveiling significant predictors of microsatellite instability. Notably, patients classified as microsatellite instability (MSI) by the model exhibited higher progression-free survival rates, supported by follow-up data.
Conclusions The model shows great potential for clinical usage, particularly in the Asian population, demonstrating high accuracy across multiple cohorts and MSI detection platforms.
Projected Increase in Extremely Active Atlantic Hurricane Seasons
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang-Ki , West Robert , Kim Dongmin , Foltz Gregory , Alaka Ghassan , Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Future changes to the year-to-year swings between active and inactive North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) seasons have received little attention, yet may have great societal implications in areas prone to hurricane landfalls. This work investigates past and future changes in North Atlantic TC activity, focusing on interannual variability and evaluating the contributions from anthropogenic forcing. We show that interannual variability of Atlantic TC activity has already increased, evidenced by a significant increase in the occurrence of both extremely active and inactive TC seasons since the 1980s. Consistent with the observed trend, TC-resolving general circulation models project a 58 - 64% increase in the variance of North Atlantic TC activity, measured by accumulated cyclone energy, by the middle of the 21st Century. Further analysis indicates that these changes are the result of increased variability in vertical wind shear and atmospheric stability, in response to enhanced Pacific-to-Atlantic interbasin sea surface temperature variations. Therefore, we conclude that robust anthropogenic-forced intensification in the variability of Atlantic TC activity has already emerged from natural variability and will continue to intensify in the future, with important implications for emergency planning and societal preparedness.
Advancements in Indoor Floor-Level Detection: A Comprehensive Algorithm for Vertical Positioning in Multi-Building Environments
Authors: Marjasz Rafał , Grochla Krzysztof , Połys Konrad
Published: February 2024

The proliferation of smartphones has catalysed diverse services, mainly focusing on indoor localization to determine users' and devices' positions within buildings. Despite decades of exploration, the seamless integration of wireless technologies in tracking devices and users has become pivotal in various sectors, including health, industry, disaster management, building operations, and surveillance. Extensive research in laboratory and industrial settings, particularly in wireless sensor networks and robotics, has informed indoor localization techniques. This paper, referencing surveys and original literature reviews, proposes an innovative indoor location system amalgamating GPS and barometer readings. GPS identifies entry through doors, while barometer readings facilitate accurate floor-level tracking. The integration promises continuous real-time location updates, enhancing security, navigation, and emergency response. Notably, the algorithm is infrastructure-independent, relying on the smartphone's barometer, and versatile, detecting elevator travel when Wi-Fi AP or LTE signals are available. Results indicate high accuracy, with building entry exceeding 93%, elevator recognition achieving 75% sensitivity and 97% specificity, and floor change detection surpassing 95% sensitivity and nearly 98% specificity. This comprehensive solution, emphasizing the critical role of precise vertical positioning, signifies an advancement in tracking within urban structures.
Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rate Trends in China: A National Population-based Cancer Registry
Authors: Zhang Xinzhou , Xu Chenyun , Zhang Han , Du Xinxin , Zhang Quanyu , Lu Manman , Ma Yanrong , Ma Wenjun
Published: February 2024

Background
Gallbladder cancer is a major health concern in China, and awareness of the associated incidence and mortality rates is particularly important given the aging population.
Objective
To determine trends in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates over 12 years and quantitatively analyze the influence of demographic factors on these rates in China
Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 98,860 Chinese citizens using the Chinese Cancer Registry, a national database. Gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality data pertaining to patients treated between 2005 and 2017 were collected. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). We used age-period-cohort analyses and decomposition methods to investigate differing trends in incidence and mortality.
Results
The age-standardized gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates in China trended downward between 2005 and 2017, with AAPCs of -2.023% and − 1.603%, respectively. The incidence rate increased with age up to 70 years and peaked at 70–79 years, while the mortality rate showed a consistent increase with age. Both incidence and mortality rates increased in more recent periods; in terms of the cohort effect, rates generally decreased in later birth years but showed a partial rise between 1982 and 1996. The crude incidence rates of gallbladder cancer according to demographic and non-demographic factors were 626.09% and − 526.09% respectively (366.23% and − 266.23% among men, and 6068.93% and − 5968.93% among women, respectively). The rates were 543.01% and − 443.01%, respectively, in urban areas and were 68.22% and 31.78%, respectively, in rural areas. The mortality rates according to demographic and non-demographic factors were − 495.93% and 595.93%, respectively (-1763.10% and − 1863.10% for men and − 270.56% and − 370.56% for women, respectively). These rates were − 930.33% and 1030.33%, respectively, in urban areas and were 101.48% and − 1.48%, respectively, in rural areas.
Conclusions
The overall standardized gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates in China are trending downward, but not sufficiently so. Proper living and eating habits should be encouraged while exploring the establishment of long-term, standardized gallbladder cancer screening programs.
Effectiveness of Simulation-based Interventions on Empathy Enhancement Among Nursing Students: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young
Published: February 2024

Background
This study aimed to secure and analyze evidence regarding the enhancement of nursing students’ empathy through simulation-based interventions by comprehensively analyzing self-reported emotions and reactions (primary outcomes) as well as the results reported by nursing students who experienced simulation-based interventions, including empathy.
Methods
This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of simulation-based interventions on enhancing empathy among nursing students. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The following details were considered: population, nursing students, intervention, simulation-based interventions targeting empathy enhancement, comparators, control groups without intervention or those undergoing general non-simulation-based classes, and outcomes (self-reported empathy).
Results
The overall effect size for empathy was 0.35, indicating a statistically significant effect. Meta-regression analysis examining empathy revealed significant results for the following factors: year (Ref: <2019), country (Ref: Asia), center (Ref: 1), IRB (Ref: No), research design (Ref: Quasi-Experimental), participants (Ref: <60), intervention type (Ref: Simulation), control group intervention (Ref: No or usual), and intervention duration (Ref: not reported or < 4 weeks).
Conclusions
Considering factors such as variations in sample size, research approaches, and the effects of independent studies on empathy, this systematic literature review and meta-analysis suggests that simulation-based education can significantly improve nursing students’ overall empathy skills.
Distinct features of a peripheral T-helper subset that drives B cell response in dengue virus infection
Authors: Gupta Nimesh , Ansari Asgar , Sachan Shilpa , Ahuja Jatin , Venkadesan Sureshkumar , Nikam Bhushan , Kumar Vinod , Jain Shweta , Singh Bhanu , Coshic Poonam , Sikka Kapil , Wig Naveet , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela , Mohantay Debasisa , Soneja Manish
Published: February 2024

Dengue virus-induced humoral immunity can enhance the risk of severe disease, but the factors influencing this response are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of CD4+ T-cells in driving B-cell response in human dengue-infection. We identified a dominant peripheral PD1+ T-cell subset that aberrantly accumulated in severe patients and can induce B-cell differentiation via utilizing IL21 help-axis. Single-cell analyses uncovered the heterogeneity in peripheral PD1+ cells revealing the co-existence of subsets with ‘helper’ (IL21+) or ‘cytotoxic’ characteristics. The IL21+ subset displayed a distinct clonotypic and transcriptomic signature than Tfh cells and persist as memory in human lymph-nodes. Notably, we show the existence of extrafollicular B-cell responses in dengue that seems to controlled by IL21+-subset. Our study establishes peripheral IL21+-subset as a potential determinant of humoral response to DENV. These findings provide important insights into the T-cell-dependent regulation of humoral responses in dengue and inform the design of therapeutics and effective vaccines.
One Sentence Summary: Peripheral IL21+ T helper subset is a major T-cell determinant of humoral immunity development to dengue virus in human infection.
Numerical Combination of Anisotropic and Isotropic TV Denoising Problems
Authors: Bougueroua Soulef , DAILI Nourreddine
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present numerical results obtained by numerically combining anisotropic and isotropic TV denoising problems. The anisotropic TV denoising algorithms give us better processed images , but in a longer time. As for the isotropic TV denoising algorithms, they provide a lower-quality image, but in a faster time. Therefore, we combined the two models to get a good-quality image in a shorter period of time. We put the image obtained from the program algorithm TV isotropic on the data of the program algorithm TV anisotropic to work on it to get the best results. Indeed, we obtainedimages of the best quality in a short period of time (clean, not smooth, and textures were preserved).
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 68W40; Secondary 65K05; 65Z05; 65S99.
Analysis of Threaded Bolt Fastener Influence on Special Steel Modular Construction
Authors: Uz Mehmet E. , Ozkat Emre , Ersoy Mehmet C. , Salvan Necdet
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the effects of threaded bolt fasteners on the initial and final stiffness of bolted joints in special steel modular construction. A comprehensive set of 246 specimens, including 4, 7.6, and 12 mm thick plates with 20 and 30 mm diameter bolts and different end spacings, were tested. The results revealed that connections with threaded bolts exhibited lower initial stiffness compared to pure shaft connections. This study introduced a novel formula that significantly improved simulation results for bolted joints, surpassing previous modeling approaches. Following the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) definition, the "elastic" stiffness values obtained from the laboratory tests were compared with those of Eurocode provisions. Additionally, ad hoc formulas were proposed for the stiffness of shank, partially threaded, and fully threaded bolt connections. These results offer valuable insights for enhancing the stiffness of bolted shear connections.
How Transfer Learning Is Used in Generative Models forImage Classification: Improved Accuracy
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Danial , Sharif Sarah Safura , Banad Yaser Mike
Published: February 2024

Recent breakthroughs in generative neural networks have paved the way for transformative capabilities,particularly in their capacity to generate novel data, notably in the realm of images. Theintegration of these models with the increasingly popular technique of transfer learning, designed forproficient feature extraction, holds the promise of enhancing overall performance. This paper delvesinto the exploration of employing generative models in conjunction with transfer learning methods forfeature extraction, with a specific focus on image classification tasks. Our investigation aims to scrutinizethe effectiveness of leveraging generative models alongside pre-trained models as feature extractorsin the context of image classification. To the best of our knowledge, our investigation is the first tolink transfer learning and generative models for a discriminative task under one roof. The proposedapproach undergoes rigorous evaluation on two distinct datasets, employing specific metrics to gaugethe model’s performance. The results exhibit a notable nearly 10% enhancement achieved through theintegration of generative models, underscoring their potential for achieving heightened accuracy inimage classification. These findings highlight significant advancements in image classification accuracy,surpassing the performance of conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models.
COVID testing hesitancy among pregnant patients: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic about the unique needs and challenges of medically complex populations
Authors: Farrell Ruth , Dahler Caitlin , Pope Rachel , Divoky Ellen , Collart Christina
Published: February 2024

Background
Pregnant patients were a significant population to consider during the pandemic, given the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on obstetric outcomes. While COVID testing was a central pillar of infection control, it became apparent that a subset of the population declined to test. At the same time, data emerged about pregnant persons also declining to test. Yet, it was unknown why pregnant patients declined tests and if those reasons were similar or different from those of the general population. We conducted this study to explore pregnant patients' attitudes, access, and utilization of COVID-19 testing to support healthcare for infection prevention management for this unique and medically complex population.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study of patients who were currently or recently pregnant during the early stages of the pandemic and received outpatient prenatal care at one of the participating study sites. An interview guide was used to conduct in-depth telephone interviews. Coding was performed using NVivo, and analysis was conducted using Grounded Theory.
Results
The average age of the participants (N = 37) was 32 (SD 4.21) years. Most were < 35 years of age (57%) and self-described as White (68%). Qualitative analysis identified themes related to barriers to COVID-19 testing access and use during pregnancy, including concerns about test accuracy, exposure to COVID-19 in testing facilities, isolation and separation during labor and delivery, and diminished healthcare quality and patient experience.
Conclusions
The implementation of widespread and universal COVID testing policies did not address the unique needs and challenges of pregnant patients as a medically complex population. It is important to understand the reasons and implications for pregnant patients who declined COVID testing during the current pandemic to inform strategies to prevent infection spread in future public health emergencies.
Low Cost Co3O4 & Neem Leaves Derived Carbon Composite: High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Electro-catalyst for AEMFC
Authors: Nagane Dhiraj , NILEGAVE DHANARAJ S. , Girawale Swapnil , Patil Sachin L. , Shaikh Gulistan Y. , Jadhav Vijay , Pathak Anagha
Published: February 2024

The catalyst development for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which is an important part of metal-air batteries and fuel cells, is immensely profitable. Along with the aim of development, cost-effectiveness is a needful parameter that gives competitive aspects of the product in the market of energy storage and conversion field. Here, we report the co-precipitation synthesis of cost-effective Co3O4 nanoparticles with the neem leaves-derived carbon (NC) as an efficient oxygen reduction catalyst resulting in a scalable alternative. The structural, phase analysis, thermo-gravimetric, and electrochemical analysis are studied by imposing the pertinent experimental techniques of the prepared catalyst Co3O4@NC. Moreover, the affirmation of the pure phase Co3O4@NC has been done by the oxidation state analysis by X-day photoelectron microscopy. Further, the performance of the fuel cell was tested with distinct loading of catalyst in which for equal loadings of standard platinum-based Ptc 40% and with replacing with Co3O4@NC. The open circuit potential of the Ptc 40 wt% based cell supply is 0.957 and for Co3O4@NC is 0.925 which is just 3.34% less than Ptc 40%. The low cost and highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode Co3O4@NC has been demonstrated in anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with single-cell assembly.
Facile Layer Diffusion Technique for Synthesis of Terbium-Based Metal Organic Framework for Fluorometric Sensing of Hydroquinone
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Verma Rajpal , Kaur Kirandeep , - Deepika , Kumar Sanjay , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2024

A photoluminescent terbium(III)-based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) was synthesized at room temperature by layer diffusion method utilising mixed carboxylate linkers (4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid) and benzene-1,3,5 tricarboxylic acid). Synthesized MOF has crystalline nature and rod-shaped morphology and is thermally stable up to 455°C. From elemental analysis, Carbon, oxygen, and terbium were all found to be present in the synthesized MOF. The fluorescence emission spectra and theoretical results revealed that carboxylate linkers functioned as sensitizers for Tb(III) photoluminescence which resulted in four distinct emission peaks at 495, 547, 584, and 621 nm corresponding to the transitions 5D4→7F6, 5D4→7F5, 5D4→7F4, and 5D4→7F3. Using synthesized MOF as fluorescent probe, hydroquinone was detected in aqueous medium with a detection limit of 0.048 μM, remarkable recovery (95.6-101.1%), and relative standard deviation less than 2.25%. The quenching phenomenon may be ascribed by electron transfer from synthesized probe to oxidized hydroquinone via carboxylic groups on the surface of MOF, which is further supported by photo-induced electron transfer mechanism. This study introduces a cheaper, faster, and more accurate method for hydroquinone detection.
Adrenergic Reprogramming of Preexisting Adipogenic Trajectories Steer Naïve Mural Cells Toward Beige Differentiation
Authors: Rabhi Nabil , Desevin Kathleen , Cortez Briana , Lin Jean , Lama Dechen , Layne Matthew , Farmer Stephen
Published: February 2024

In adult white adipose tissue, cold or β3-adrenoceptor activation promotes the appearance of thermogenic beige adipocytes. Our comprehensive single-cell analysis revealed that these cells arise through the reprogramming of existing adipogenic trajectories, rather than from a single precursor. These trajectories predominantly arise from SM22-expressing vascular mural progenitor cells. Central in this transition is the activation of Adrb3 in mature adipocytes, leading to subsequent upregulation of Adrb1 in primed progenitors. Under thermoneutral conditions, synergistic activation of both Adrb3 and Adrb1 recapitulates the pattern of cold-induced SM22+ cell recruitment. Lipolysis-derived eicosanoids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) prime these processes and in vitro, were sufficient to recapitulate progenitor cells priming. Collectively, our findings provide a robust model for cold-induced beige adipogenesis, emphasizing a profound relationship between mature adipocytes and mural cells during cold acclimation, and revealing the metabolic potential of this unique cellular reservoir.
The relationship between zinc and epilepsy
Authors: Luo Dadong , Liu Yaqing , Li Junqiang , Liu Xuhui , Liu Xuejuan , Zhang Ruirui , Zhang Wenzhao , Liu Jiayi , Wang Tiancheng
Published: February 2024

Background
Previous studies have indicated a potential relationship between zinc and epilepsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between zinc, zinc-dependent carbonic anhydrase, and gray matter volume in brain regions enriched with zinc, in relation to epileptic seizures, as well as explore the possible mechanisms by which zinc contributes to epilepsy.
Methods
First, this study assessed the risk causality between zinc, carbonic anhydrase, and gray matter volume alterations in zinc-enriched brain regions and various subtypes of epilepsy based on two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. And then, Then, this study conducted GO/KEGG analysis based on colocalization analysis, MAGMA analysis, lasso regression, random forest model and xgboot model.
Results
1. There was a causal relationship between zinc, carbonic anhydrase-4, and generalized epilepsy (p = 0.044, p = 0.010). Additionally, carbonic anhydrase-1 and gray matter volume of the caudate nucleus were found to be associated with epilepsy and focal epilepsy (p = 0.014, p = 0.003, p = 0.022, p = 0.009).2. A colocalization relationship was found between epilepsy and focal epilepsy (PP.H4.abf = 97.7e-2). MAGMA analysis indicated that SNPs associated with epilepsy and focal epilepsy were functionally localized to zinc-finger-protein-related genes (p < 1.0e-5).3. The genes associated with focal epilepsy were found to have a molecular function of zinc ion binding (FDR = 1.9e-4). Within 4 to 24 hours after experiencing epilepsy, the function of the gene whose expression changed in the rats with focal epilepsy was enriched in the biological process of vascular response (FDR = 4.0e-5), compared to the rats without seizure.
Conclusion
The mechanism of the increased risk of epilepsy caused by zinc may be related to the increase of zinc ion-dependent carbonic anhydrase or the increase of the volume of zinc-rich caudate gray matter.
Cytoplasmic Recycling of rcDNA-containing Capsids Enhances HBV Infection
Authors: Sutradhar Rupchand , Dalal D C
Published: February 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a deadly liver disease. The main aim of this work is to explore the role of cytoplasmic recycling of rcDNA-containing capsids in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To this purpose, considering the recycling of capsids, a noval mathematical model is proposed in order to understand the dynamics of this viral infection in a better way. Through a rigorous comparison with experimental data obtained from four chimpanzees, the proposed model exhibits a robust alignment with the dynamics of infection. The effects of three parameters (recycling rate, virus production rate, and volume fraction of newly produced capsids) are examined, revealing an interesting observation: the inclusion of recycling reverses the influence of both virus production rate and the volume fraction of newly produced capsids in infection. A comprehensive global sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most positively as well as negatively sensitive parameters for each compartment in the model. In conclusion, this study underscores that the accumulation of rcDNA-containing capsids within the infected hepatocyte is a key factor contributing to the exacerbation of the disease. In addition, another major finding of our study is that due to recycling of capsids, the number of released viruses increases in spite of low virus production rate. In other words, the recycling of capsids acts as a positive feedback loop in the viral infection.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 37N25, 34D23, 34A34
Femtosecond Thin-flap laser assisted in situ keratomileusis for Correction of Post- Penetrating Keratoplasty Ametropia: Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Einollahi Bahram , Rezaei Javad , Sadoughi Mohammad-Mehdi , Feizi Sepehr , Einollahi Neda , Veisi Amir Reza , Hassanpour Kiana
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of femtosecond thin-flap LASIK (femto-LASIK) for correction of refractive error after penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus-affected eyes.
Setting: a private ophthalmology clinic
Design: Prospective interventional case series
Methods: This prospective interventional case series enrolled 22 eyes of 22 patients who underwent femto-LASIK for the management of post-penetrating keratoplasty ametropia. The refractive error, uncorrected (UDVA), and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities and vector analysis were reported in short-term and long-term period after surgery.
Results: The mean age was 32.7 ± 7.5 years (range, 23 to 47 years) at the surgery time. The average time between PK and femto-LASIK was 42.5 ± 31.7 months. The average follow-up duration after femto-LASIK was 81.2 ± 18.6 months. The mean preoperative UDVA significantly improved from 0.47 ± 0.15 to 0.35 ± 0.14 at 12 months (P=0.048) and 0.4 ± 0.17 at final follow-up exam (P= 0.007). CDVA was 0.22 ± 0.1 at baseline which improved to 0.18 ± 0.15 and 0.15 ± 0.1 logMAR at 12 and 81 months, respectively. (Ps= 0.027, 0.014). The mean cylinder before surgery was -5.04 ± 1.4D which significantly decreased to -1.5 ± 0.8 D at 12 months postoperatively. (P< 0.001). There was a significant increase in refractive astigmatism from 12 months to 81 months postoperatively (-3.1±2.0, P=0.002).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that femtosecond thin-flap LASIK was an effective and safe procedure to correct refractive error after penetrating keratoplasty. However, some regression was observed at the final exam compared to results achieved immediately postoperatively.
Psychological Factors and Clinical Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty surgery in Patients
Authors: Lathabhavan Remya , Marznaki Zohreh Hosseini , Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Mudgal Shiv Kumar , Afshar Amir Mahmoud , Khalilizad Majid
Published: February 2024

Background
This study explored insomnia's influence on mental health, general health, and quality of life among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients in Northern Iran. It hypothesized that insomnia moderates the link between general and mental health while mediating the connection between general health and quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey involved 270 patients who completed depression, mental health, quality of life, and insomnia assessments at one week, one month, and three months post-surgery. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data.
Results
The study included 270 patients. General health positively correlated with mental health (0.21, p < 0.01;0.25, p < 0.01; 0.27, p < 0.001). Whereas general health has shown significant relationship with quality of life in time wave 2 and time wave 3(0.13, p < 0.001;0.17, p < 0.01). Mental health also positively influences the quality of life (0.17, p < 0.01; 0.19, p < 0.001;0.22, p < 0.001). Insomnia negatively moderated the relationship between general health and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia mediated the relationship between general health and quality of life in the later time points. The study highlighted the intricate relationships between general health, mental health, quality of life, and insomnia in TKA patients. General health contributed to improved mental health and quality of life over time. Insomnia acted as both a moderator and mediator, affecting these relationships.
Conclusion
This study sheds light on the complex dynamics affecting TKA outcomes, offering insights for healthcare providers to deliver more comprehensive care for improved patient well-being.
RETRACTED: Safety and clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer in the real world
Authors: Hao Wen , Liu Wenjing , Chang Ruimin , Yang Mi , Xin Kai , Liu Jingxin , Wang Yibing , Ren Meijin , Xie Jiaqi , Yang Yang
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Psychometric evidence of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in a Chilean representative sample
Authors: Quintana Gonzalo R. , Ponce Fernando P.
Published: February 2024

Inconsistencies in the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) factor structure and current research and clinical guidelines highlight the need for continued exploration of its psychometric evidence. Furthermore, only one study has assessed its measurement invariance (MI), while the only FSFI validation conducted in Chile lacks quality and representativity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated the FSFI in a Chilean sample (n = 2595), examining MI across relationship status, age groups, regions of the country, BDSM practices, and paraphilic interests. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor structure. Criterion-related validity indicated modest-to-moderate effects in satisfaction differences based on relationship status, regions, and BDSM practices. MI was achieved across socio-demographic variables at the factor covariance level. While acknowledging the absence of a clinical group for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) diagnosis, potential pandemic-related impact on scores, online methodology biases, and limited diversity in gender and sexual orientation, our findings supports the FSFI as a valuable research tool for female sexual function and wellbeing. This study significantly expands the applicability of the FSFI and underscores its measurement invariance across sociodemographic factors, as well as its applicability in the Chilean context.