bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin Receptor Gene DNA Methylation: A Biomarker of Treatment Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Authors: Schiele Miriam A. , Thiel Christiane , Kollert Leonie , Fürst Lena , Putschin Lisa , Kehle Rebekka , Hauke Walter , Mahr Marina , Reinhold Elena , Gottschalk Michael G. , Heinrichs Markus , Zaudig Michael , Berberich Götz , Domschke Katharina
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with high chronicity and treatment resistance, indicating the need for early therapy response markers enabling fast and personalized treatment adaptations. Although epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have previously been linked to OCD pathogenesis, epigenetic markers as predictors of treatment success have not yet been investigated in OCD. Objective: For the first time, this therapyepigenetic study aimed to investigate the role of OXTR methylation as a treatment response marker in OCD. Methods: In total, 113 inpatients with OCD (57 females) were compared to 113 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were investigated over a 10-week course of standardized, OCD-specific cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Clinical response was measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at baseline, before in vivo exposure, and after therapy. OXTR exon III methylation was analyzed via direct sequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA extracted from blood cells. Results: Relative OXTR hypermethylation was observed in OCD patients compared to healthy controls. In OCD, higher baseline OXTR methylation was found to predict impaired treatment response at both categorical (responders vs. nonresponders) and dimensional (relative Y-BOCS reduction) levels, whereas lower baseline methylation was related to treatment response and greater symptom improvements. Analysis of Y-BOCS subdimensions revealed that the association between OXTR hypermethylation with impaired treatment response applied especially to symptoms related to obsessions, but not compulsions. Conclusions: OXTR hypermethylation may constitute a predictive marker of impaired treatment response in OCD and thus carries great potential for future personalized treatment efforts in OCD.
Registro em prontuário: reflexões sobre a qualidade documental na terapia ocupacional
Authors: Bombarda Tatiana Barbieri , Joaquim Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
Published: September 2020

Os registros de Terapia Ocupacional têm por finalidade descrever o processo terapêutico tornando explícito o pensamento crítico, o raciocínio profissional e a tomada de decisões do terapeuta ocupacional. Contudo, a importância do prontuário vai além do âmbito assistencial, visto essas anotações também ser utilizadas nocontexto administrativo, educacional e científico. Mas o desempenho deste procedimento é realizado com qualidade pelos terapeutas ocupacionais? Visando discorrer sobre o tema, serão apresentados pelos autores apontamentos sobre a qualidade dos registros, a partir de uma análise reflexiva norteada pelas diretrizes da profissão sobre documentação. Como principais apontamentos, pode-se afirmar que a prática documental dos terapeutas ocupacionais ocorre de modo inconsistente, fator vinculado ao desconhecimento das diretrizes da profissão, à dificuldades com a linguagem técnica e ao processo de formação inicial e continuada. Recomenda-se a ampliação e aprofundamento de pesquisas sobre o tema para obtenção de estratégias educacionais mais eficazes e sistematizações de modelos de registros melhor gerenciáveis.
Outcomes of Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery in Octogenarians
Authors: Hsu Ming‐En , Chou An‐Hsun , Cheng Yu‐Ting , Lee Hsiu‐An , Liu Kuo‐Sheng , Chen Dong‐Yi , Wu Victor Chien‐Chia , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Tien‐Hsing , Chen Shao‐Wei
Published: September 2020

Background

Octogenarians (≥80 years old) are high‐risk patients for acute aortic dissection (AAD) surgery. However, no population‐based study has investigated the late outcomes of AAD surgery in octogenarians. This study aimed to investigate the late outcomes of AAD surgery in octogenarians.

Methods and Results

A total of 3998 patients who received AAD surgery from 2005 to 2013 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. In‐hospital complications and late outcomes including all‐cause mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event, respiratory failure, and redo aortic surgery were evaluated. The risks of late outcomes between octogenarians and nonoctogenarians were compared using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model or Fine and Gray competing model. The numbers of the octogenarians who underwent type A and B AAD surgeries were 206 (6%; 206/3423) and 79 (13.7%; 79/575), respectively. Compared with the nonoctogenarians, the type A octogenarians had higher risks of in‐hospital mortality and several in‐hospital complications, whereas the type B octogenarians did not. Furthermore, compared with the nonoctogenarians, the type A octogenarians had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (61.7% vs 32.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.35; 95% CI, 1.95–2.84) and a higher cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event and respiratory failure, and the type B octogenarians demonstrated a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (44.3% vs 30.4%; HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.18–2.55). The octogenarians receiving AAD surgeries had higher mortality rates than the normal octogenarian population.

Conclusions

Octogenarians receiving AAD surgeries exhibit worse late outcomes than nonoctogenarian counterparts.
Tardigrades of Finland: new records and an annotated checklist
Authors: VUORI TOMMI , MASSA EDOARDO , CALHIM SARA , VECCHI MATTEO
Published: September 2020

Species checklists are powerful and important tools of communication between taxonomists and applied environmental biologists, which in turn lead to well-planned and successful conservation strategies and ecological studies. Despite this, only recently the interest on compiling systematic checklists is growing among taxonomists who study tardigrades—micrometazoans that inhabit almost every habitat worldwide. As the Finnish records of tardigrades (a.k.a. water bears) species are incomplete, outdated and no checklist has ever been compiled for this country, an easy-to-consult checklist is here reported. This checklist covers all Finnish tardigrade taxa identified in the past and in the 13 samples collected for this study. A total of 68 tardigrade species are recorded from Finland, with 6 of them being new records presented in this contribution. Of these species, four have their loci tipici in Finland and we provide an English translation of their original German descriptions. A Generalised Linear Model was used to test the effect of sampling effort and area size on the number of species recorded in each biogeographical province of Finland. The results showed that geographical differences in species richness can be explained solely by sampling effort. The number of tardigrade species recorded in Finland corresponds to about 5% of all described species in the phylum, thus indicating a potential high richness for this country. However, the results of the Generalised Linear Model highlight that a reliable knowledge of the tardigrade diversity in Finland will be reached only with a more uniform and intensive sampling effort.
The American College of Surgeons Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Part III): Leadership in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , Hoyt David B. , Cortés-Guiral Delia
Published: September 2020

The response of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to the COVID-19 pandemic was vigorous and effective because it had mature programs in surgical quality and health policy and advocacy, the legacy of decades of work by its officers and leaders and its current executive director, David Hoyt. Hoyt had the foresight to institute a digital communications platform upon which the College collected data for its clinical programs and conducted many of its meetings. Through internet portals, online communities, and social media it broadcasted news and information to the membership. When the global COVID-19 pandemic struck, the College was able to quickly mobilize its leaders and scientific experts to disseminate credible information, recommend protocols to maintain patient and provider safety in operating room environments, provide a rational scheme of prioritization of urgent surgical operations, and a sensible means of resumption of normal surgical practice. As the financial impact of the outbreak on surgical practice became apparent, the ACS represented the interests of surgeons in the White House, Capitol, federal agencies, and governors’ mansions and statehouses. In an interview by Steven Wexner, a member of the ACS Board of Regents, Hoyt described the response of the ACS to an unprecedented threat to the surgical care of patients in the country and the world. His story demonstrates the legacy of credibility and professionalism built by decades of principled leadership of generations of officers and Regents of the College, and his own example of effective leadership in crisis.
Gunshot Injuries in American Trauma Centers: Analysis of the Lethality of Multiple Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Zeineddin Ahmad , Williams Mallory , Nonez Harry , Nizam Wasay , Olufajo Olubode A. , Ortega Gezzer , Haider Adil , Cornwell Edward E.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Trauma center care and survival have been improving over the past several years. However, yearly firearm-related deaths have remained near constant at 33 000. One challenge to decreasing gunshot mortality is patients presenting with complex injury patterns from multiple gunshot wounds (GSWs) made possible by high-caliber automated weapons. Our study analyzes outcomes of trauma patients of firearms using the National Trauma Databank (NTDB).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of the NTDB from the years 2003-2015 for patients with penetrating injuries. We separated patients into groups based on stab wounds, single GSW, and multiple GSW. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses in which we adjusted for demographics and injury severity.

Results

Overall, 382 376 patients presenting with penetrating injuries were analyzed. Of those 167 671 had stab, 106 538 single GSW, and 57 819 multiple GSW injuries. Crude mortality was 1.97% for stab wounds, 13.26% for single GSW, and 18.84% for multiple GSW. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) compared with 2003 demonstrates a trend toward decreased mortality for stab wounds (OR range of 0.48-0.69, P < .05 for years 2010-2015). A similar trend was demonstrated in single GSW injuries (OR 0.31-0.83, P < .01 for years 2005-2015). Conversely, multiple GSW injuries did not follow this trend (OR 0.91-1.36 with P > 0.05 for each year).

Conclusion

In contrast to significant improvement in survival in patients with a single GSW injury since 2003, multiple GSW injuries still pose a challenge to trauma care. This warrants further investigation into the efficacy of legislature, and the lack thereof, as well as future preventative measures to this type of injury.
Oncologic Outcomes of Robotic Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Center Comparison to Laparoscopic Resection
Authors: Baimas-George Maria , Watson Michael , Salibi Patrick , Tschuor Christoph , Murphy Keith J. , Iannitti David , Baker Erin , Ocuin Lee , Vrochides Dionisios , Martinie John B.
Published: September 2020

Background

Feasibility and safety of robotic surgery for pancreatic disease has been well demonstrated; however, there is scarce literature on long-term oncologic outcomes. We compared perioperative and oncologic outcomes between robotic left pancreatectomy (RLP) and laparoscopic left pancreatectomy (LLP) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

A retrospective review evaluated left pancreatectomies performed for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 2009 to 2019 in a tertiary institution. Baseline characteristics, operative and oncologic outcomes were compared between RLP and LLP.

Results

There were 75 minimally invasive left pancreatectomy cases for pancreatic adenocarcinoma identified of which 33 cases were done robotically and 42 laparoscopically. Baseline characteristics demonstrated no difference in gender, age, BMI, T stage, N stage, neoadjuvant, or adjuvant chemotherapy. An analysis of operative variables demonstrated no difference in blood loss, increased duration, and higher lymph node yield with RLP (20 vs 12; P = .0029). Postoperatively, both cohorts had 30% pancreatic fistulas and no difference in complications. There were no differences in length of stay (LOS), 30- or 90-day readmission rates, or 90-day mortality. The analysis of oncologic outcomes demonstrated similar R0 resections (RLP: 72% vs OLP: 67%), recurrence rates (RLP: 36% vs OLP: 41%), and time to recurrence (RLP: 324 vs OLP 218 days). There was increased survival in the RLP cohort that was not significant (32 vs 19 months).

Conclusion

This analysis demonstrates RLP is at least equivalent to LLP in perioperative and oncologic outcomes. The significantly higher lymph node yield and trend toward an improved survival suggests oncologic advantage. Randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify benefit.
Safety and Feasibility of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Chest Pain
Authors: Paventi Saverio , Parafati Maria A. , Luzio Enza Di , Pellegrino Carmine A.
Published: September 2020

The accurate identification of patients at high risk for acute coronary syndromes among those seen in the emergency department with possible myocardial ischemia and nonischemic electrocardiograms is a problem. Two-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging with 99m-technetium sestamibi can identify patients at low and high risk; however, comparative studies are lacking. The authors studied 555 patients considered at low or moderate risk for myocardial ischemia in our emergency department on the basis of the presenting history, and results of physical examination and electrocardiography. These patients underwent echocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging within 4 hours of presentation. Endpoints included myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and positive results on stress perfusion imaging. Both imaging procedures were performed in the emergency department on 370 patients. Overall agreement between the two techniques was high (concordance, 89%) in the patients who had myocardial infarction or underwent coronary angiography. Agreement between the two techniques is high when used in patients with possible myocardial ischemia. Both techniques helped identify patients at high risk who required admission and those who could be safely discharged.
The Complexity of Military Bereavement in Gender Regime: Experiences of Turkish Martyr Spouses
Authors: Tunaç Çiğdem Ademhan , Küçükkaraca Nilgün
Published: September 2020

This feminist qualitative study investigates spousal bereavement experiences of Turkish martyr spouses within the context of gender regime, based on semi-structured interviews with 21 martyr spouses. From on the thematic analysis of these interviews, this study demonstrates that (1) the spousal bereavement process was complicated conjointly by traumatic and military context as well as martyrdom, (2) this complexity created conditions requiring struggle, and (3) coping resources were available to deal with this complexity. Further, it presents “how the Turkish gender regime affected the spousal bereavement process of martyr spouses.” This study finds that martyr spouses’ steps toward back to normal life, namely recovery after loss, were not supported or acknowledged by society. The authors propose the concept of “disenfranchised recovery” to explain this situation, based on concept of disenfranchised grief.
E-Advocacy in the Information Market: How Social Media Platforms Distribute Evidence on Charter Schools
Authors: Castillo Elise , La Londe Priya Goel , Owens Stephen , Scott Janelle , DeBray Elizabeth , Lubienski Christopher
Published: September 2020

A growing body of research investigates how intermediary organizations (IOs) and their networks navigate, promote, and produce evidence on social media. To date, scholars have underexplored blogs, an important milieu in which IOs produce and disseminate information. In this analysis, we broaden the emerging scholarship on evidence brokering by examining how IOs and individual and independent bloggers broker knowledge via education policy blogs on charter schools and related education policy. Although blogging can potentially enhance knowledge production and dissemination, our findings demonstrate that bloggers often promote research evidence of uneven quality and scientific rigor.
Architecture Beyond Ideology: The Politics of Forgotten Landmarks in Communist East Germany
Authors: Demshuk Andrew
Published: September 2020

Through research in former East German Leipzig, this article explores how and why architecturally and historically valuable landmarks seldom sustain or even gain ideological resonance. Applying theories about ideology as an “event,” it frames ideological resonance as something contingent and fleeting. Demolition and neglect often have less to do with ideology and more with lack of interest, which translates into lack of investment. Shifting interpretations of “beauty” also regularly determine what should get blasted or reconstructed. Even if individual landmarks lack ideological resonance, however, demolitions or decay can yield a cumulative effect prompting outcry against a perceived trend. Leipzig officials thus turned to save historical architecture, because they feared public displeasure that undercut their own legitimacy. That Leipzig sparked the 1989 Revolution in East Germany proves that the cumulative demolition and decay of buildings lacking ideological ascription could generate a profound ideological outcome.
Measuring What Students Know: SNAP’s Guidelines and Suggestions for Assessing Goal 1 Content in Psychology
Authors: Thompson Jennifer L. W. , Richmond Aaron S. , Barboza Barika , Bradley Jennifer , White J. Noland , Landrum R. Eric
Published: September 2020

Although many psychology departments and instructors are aware of the American Psychological Association Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major Version 2.0, they are often less aware of the means by which to assess student mastery of the recommended goals. Our purpose is to discuss general principles for assessment, offer a psychology learner taxonomy that aligns with Goal 1 of the Guidelines 2.0, and present a rubric for reviewing assessments. Goal 1 of the Guidelines 2.0 is based on content knowledge in psychology. Whereas most assessments allow for the measure of the mastery of content to different extents, the results of those assessments can be invalid due to the design or inappropriate use of the rubric. The working group at the Summit on National Assessment of Psychology addressed these issues and curated evidence-informed assessment exemplars designed to measure content knowledge in psychology.
Context Matters: Outcome Assessments for Associate’s Degree Psychology Programs
Authors: Amsel Eric , McGregor Loretta Neal , Alexander Donna , Leppien-Christensen Kris , Gerber Bryan , Wilson-Doenges Georjeanna , Hailstorks Robin
Published: September 2020

The article highlights the importance and challenges of identifying program-level outcome assessment strategies for associate’s degree psychology programs. We discuss the value of such program outcomes for quality assurance, improved teaching and learning, and efficient transfer. However, as we document, there is little uniformity in the psychology courses offered in associate’s degree programs, which are tailored to the unique context of the institution. As a result, the foundational outcomes offered in the American Psychological Association Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major 2.0 may not apply to all institutional contexts. The Associate’s Integration subcommittee of the Summit on National Assessment in Psychology developed new outcomes aligned to the foundational ones in Guidelines 2.0 to address the need for assessments across all institutional contexts. We conclude with suggestions for future discussion, research, and policy regarding program assessment for associate’s degree students.
Delay partitioning approach to the robust stability of discrete-time systems with finite wordlength nonlinearities and time-varying delays
Authors: Singh Kalpana , Kandanvli V Krishna Rao , Kar Haranath
Published: September 2020

This paper is associated with the problem of robust stability of discrete-time systems with time-varying delays and finite wordlength nonlinearities. The main contribution of the paper is two-fold. First, this paper presents a new Lyapunov function based on the idea of partitioning the delay interval into subintervals. The approach may be considered as an advancement over the several existing approaches where only the lower delay bound is partitioned. The second is that reciprocally convex inequality (RCI) and Wirtinger-based inequality (WBI) are used to estimate the sum terms involved in the forward difference of Lyapunov function. The intermediate delay is also included in the Lyapunov function to deal with the delay information more effectively. Finally, several examples are provided to illustrate the less conservatism of the proposed approach as compared to several existing results.
Evaluation and Optimization of Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Models on Autonomous Car-Following Maneuvers
Authors: Chai Chen , Zeng Xianming , Wu Xiangbin , Wang Xuesong
Published: September 2020

Safety is an important challenge in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs). To ensure the safety of AVs, Intel and Mobileye have proposed a model called Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS). Previous studies have shown that RSS has the potential to improve the safety performance of AVs, especially for partial autonomous driving algorithms. However, it is been shown that RSS leads to a considerable car-following distance, which has a negative effect on traffic efficiency. To improve the efficiency of RSS when applied to adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems, this paper proposes an improved strategy that involves triggering conditions of RSS. Two triggers of safety distance are defined according to different car-following assumptions. To test the performance of RSS models, original and improved RSS models are embedded in ACC based on model predictive control (MPC) algorithms. Car-following scenarios with a sudden deceleration of the lead vehicle (LV) at various time headways are simulated to evaluate the performance of improved RSS models. Results show that triggering RSS at the boundary of the safety distance calculated by considering the vehicle’s intentions is a better RSS model. This improved RSS model has a similar safety improvement effect to the ACC system as the original RSS in most risk scenarios and performs better in car-following efficiency. As the improved RSS model achieves a better trade-off between safety and efficiency, it can be used to improve the safety performance of partial autonomous driving algorithms like ACC on autonomous car-following maneuvers on expressways.
Microscopic Modeling of the Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Motorway Performance
Authors: Mesionis George , Brackstone Mark , Gravett Natalie
Published: September 2020

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been the subject of extensive research in recent years and are expected to completely transform the operation of transport networks and revolutionize the automotive industry in the coming decades. Modeling detailed interactions among vehicles with varying levels of penetration rates is essential for evaluating the potential effects. One such investigation is being performed within the ‘HumanDrive’ Project in the U.K. This work has required the development of a behavioral model that incorporates microscopic level interactions and has been based on a pre-existing adaptive cruise control and lane-changing model that has been adapted to better replicate the limitations of AVs and allow the investigation of differing levels of intelligence or assertiveness. The model has been implemented on the M1 Motorway near Sheffield in the U.K. This has allowed the investigation of the effects of AVs on the operation of a real network under various traffic conditions where the overall effects may be revealed, both as advantages to AV drivers, and potentially disadvantages to non-AV traffic. Additionally, it has been possible to examine how these affect junction operations and net emissions. Preliminary results have allowed us to quantify the positive effects of AVs which increase with the penetration. However, it is clear that there are points of inflection where benefits start to slow. It is at these (high) penetration rates that initial operational assumptions may become increasingly stretched and additional infrastructure and cooperative systems are likely to have to become prevalent.
Mechanical properties and osteoblast proliferation of complex porous dental implants filled with magnesium alloy based on 3D printing
Authors: Zhang Xuetao , Mao Jian , Zhou Yufeng , Ji Fangqiu , Chen Xianshuai
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a complex porous dental implant with biodegradable magnesium alloy was designed based on selective laser melting (SLM). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to simulate the stress distribution of dental implant and alveolar bone in two models of preliminary and later stages of implant. The stress concentration area of dental implants was found not in the porous structure, and the weak part of mechanical properties accords with the work requirements. The porous structure of dental implants can promote the function of cancellous bone in the process of conducting the stress of the dental implant, thus improving the bearing capacity of dental implants. In vitro fatigue experiments were carried out on the experimental samples produced by 3D printing. Through the cell contrast experiment, it was proved that the decomposed Mg2+ could reach the titanium surface smoothly through the porous structure and complete the proliferation of osteoblasts.
Genesis of a Social Space: Think Tanks in Belarus 1992–1995
Authors: Bigday Maria
Published: September 2020

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Think Tanks in Central and Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Katarzyna Jezierska and Serena Giusti.

The article looks at think tanks through the prism of a specific social space whose emergence is ascribable to both transnational processes and local social structures. Four processes are identified as shaping the institutionalization of the first think tanks in Belarus, founded as a tool for the “desovietization” of science and “democratization” of politics in the early 1990s: (1) the destabilization of relations between science and politics spurred by the Soviet perestroika beginning in 1986; (2) the autonomization of national elites and a political field in Belarus following the collapse of the Soviet Union; (3) the transformation of the labor market, including the crisis of state-supported research and academia, which ejected a large number of well-educated professionals; and (4) the intensification of transnational exchanges and the legitimization of references to Western practices. To systematically analyze these processes, a model consisting of the following four dimensions is proposed: configuration of relations between science and politics, position of the think tank space in the field of power, professional logics of career or competition, and transnational diffusion of resources and their local appropriation.
Post-Stroke Depressive Symptoms: Varying Responses to Escitalopram by Individual Symptoms and Lesion Location
Authors: Lee Eun-Jae , Kim Jong S. , Chang Dae-Il , Park Jong-Ho , Ahn Seong Hwan , Cha Jae-Kwan , Heo Ji Hoe , Sohn Sung-Il , Lee Byung-Chul , Kim Dong-Eog , Kim Hahn Young , Kim Seongheon , Kwon Do-Young , Kim Jei , Seo Woo-Keun , Lee Jun , Park Sang-Won , Koh Seong-Ho , Kim Jin Young , Choi-Kwon Smi , Kim Min-Sun , Lee Ji-Sung
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The efficacy of antidepressants in post-stroke depressive symptoms (PSD) varies. We aimed to examine whether the effect of escitalopram on PSD differs according to individual depressive symptoms and stroke lesion location.

Methods:

This is a post hoc analysis of EMOTION ( ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01278498), a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that examined the efficacy of escitalopram on depression in acute stroke patients (237 with placebo, 241 with escitalopram). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Changes in MADRS and individual item scores at 12 weeks were compared between the treatment groups and among the stroke lesion location groups. Stroke lesion locations were grouped according to the anatomical distribution of serotonin fibers that originate from the midbrain/pons and spread to the forebrain via subcortical structures: “Midbrain-Pons,” “Frontal-Subcortical,” and “Others.” Least-squares means were calculated to demonstrate the independent effect of lesion location.

Results:

Total MADRS scores decreased more significantly in the escitalopram than in the placebo group, while a significant effect of escitalopram was observed in only 3 items: apparent sadness, reported sadness, pessimistic thoughts. In the lesion location analyses, escitalopram users in the Frontal-Subcortical group showed significant improvement in total MADRS scores (placebo [n = 130] vs. escitalopram [n = 148], least-square mean [95% CI]: -2.3 [-3.5 to -0.2] vs. -4.5 [-5.5 to -3.4], p = .005), while those in the Midbrain-Pons and Others groups did not.

Conclusions:

The effect of escitalopram on PSD may be more prominent in patients with particular depressive symptoms and stroke lesion locations, suggesting the need for tailored treatment strategies.
Influence of argon plasma treatment on carbon fibre reinforced high performance thermoplastic composite
Authors: Vinodhini Jennifer , Sudheendra K , Balachandran Meera , Bhowmik Shantanu
Published: September 2020

This investigation highlights argon plasma treatment on Poly-aryl-ether-ketone (PAEK) and carbon fibre (CF) surface. The PAEK and CF surface is modified for 300 sec and the change in physiochemical and mechanical properties were investigated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Contact angle, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Tensile Test. FTIR of surface modified PAEK revealed the stretching of C-H, C=C and C=O functional groups. A reversal phenomenon of increased surface energy was observed through dynamic contact angle study of CF and to further examine the surface energy effect, AFM analysis on CF was carried out revealing increased roughness with numerous micro dents formation. PAEK/CF composite samples were fabricated through compression moulding technique. The change in mechanical properties due to surface modification were analysed through Tensile testing on surface modified PAEK/CF sample and untreated PAEK/CF samples. The surface treated PAEK/CF showed increased tensile strength than untreated PAEK/CF. The argon plasma treatment helped in creating depth striations that lead to better interlocking of resin matrix with the reinforced CF. The fracture surface was examined through Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) wherein the Micrographs of the tensile tested samples indicated failure of composite due to fibre breakage.
Risk to patients, risk to clinicians: a three-site audit of the documentation of counselling in first episode genital herpes
Authors: Cornish Ellen , Clarke Emily , Gahir Joshua , Rees Joanna , Patel Raj
Published: September 2020

National guidelines give advice on topics which should be covered when counselling patients with a new diagnosis of genital herpes (HSV) with the aim of reducing transmissions. This three-site UK audit of documentation of counselling for patients with a new diagnosis of genital herpes reviewed the records of 284 patients. Documentation in all areas of counselling was limited and this may result in adverse medico-legal consequences for patients and clinicians.
Relational Mobility Predicts Faster Spread of COVID-19: A 39-Country Study
Authors: Salvador Cristina E. , Berg Martha K. , Yu Qinggang , San Martin Alvaro , Kitayama Shinobu
Published: September 2020

It has become increasingly clear that COVID-19 is transmitted between individuals. It stands to reason that the spread of the virus depends on sociocultural ecologies that facilitate or inhibit social contact. In particular, the community-level tendency to engage with strangers and freely choose friends, called relational mobility, creates increased opportunities to interact with a larger and more variable range of other people. It may therefore be associated with a faster spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Here, we tested this possibility by analyzing growth curves of confirmed cases of and deaths due to COVID-19 in the first 30 days of the outbreaks in 39 countries. We found that growth was significantly accelerated as a function of a country-wise measure of relational mobility. This relationship was robust either with or without a set of control variables, including demographic variables, reporting bias, testing availability, and cultural dimensions of individualism, tightness, and government efficiency. Policy implications are also discussed.
Maria Stewart: A Black Voice for Abolition
Authors: Duran Jane
Published: September 2020

This article argues that Maria Stewart is an underappreciated abolitionist, and a worthy exponent of the Black views of the 1830s. Her work is compared with that of David Walker, Charlotte Forten, and Anna Julia Cooper. A focal point of much of her work is her exhortation to the high moral ground—she remains concerned, throughout her career, about the temptations faced by many during the nineteenth century that might lead them to a non-Christian path. As is the case with Charlotte Forten, who frequently moved for more formal education, Stewart worked ceaselessly to impel Black Americans to a worthy and virtuous life.
Studying the Asian Ocean-Sea
Authors: Mukherjee Rila
Published: September 2020

This article urges a rethinking of South Asian cosmography to counter our notion of seascapes lying outside notions of sovereignty, territoriality and technologies of control. While seas have emerged as central to economic and political security for most of the worlds’ states, this is seen as a comparatively new phenomenon because South Asia’s territoriality has always been seen as land-based. The emphasis on the modern has resulted in a neglect of South Asia’s rich tradition of maritime expressiveness and generates a ‘maritime blindness’ affecting policy formulation, despite works on seafaring which trace diverse maritime perceptions from Pali and Sanskrit literature, sculptures, coins, paintings and epigraphy.

This article claims that waterscapes were not absent in Asian ideas of territoriality, but differentiating between awareness in literary expressions of political selfhood wherein rulers saw the sea as boundary or even space of overlordship, and actual instances of ordering and controlling maritime spaces is important. By contrast, China’s example as keeper of meticulous records pertaining to maritime matters shows attempts at actively controlling maritime spaces and provides new ways of reading South Asian perceptions of the sea.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use Among Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Phuong Thao , Hoang Thi Ngoc-Anh , Khuong Quynh Long , Thi Thu Ha Bui , Thanh Ha Nguyen , Duong Doan Thi Thuy , Trung Tran , Thi Huong Hoang , Van Huan Nguyen , Thi Tuyet Hanh Tran , Kim Khanh Ly Dang , Thi Kim Oanh Luu , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Huu Quang Cao , Bao Ngoc Nguyen , Hong Hanh Hoang , Tuan Anh Tran , Mai Huong Nguyen , Hoang Van Minh
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol uses and associated factors among 12 ethnic minorities in Vietnam in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5172 people aged ≥15 years. The prevalence of smoking and drinking was 19.7% and 29.9%, respectively, and significantly higher among men than women. These numbers were heterogeneous across ethnic minorities. Smoking prevalence was high among Ba Na (25.9%), Cham An Giang (22.3%), Khmer (23.5%), La Hu (26.3%), Ta Oi (30.7%), and Bru Van Kieu (29.6%) ethnicities whereas that of Gie Trieng and Mnong ethnicities was low (3.7% and 9.5%, respectively). Drinking prevalence ranged from 1.4% in Cham An Giang ethnicity to 68.6% in Ba Na ethnicity. A wide ethnic disparity on tobacco and alcohol use could be explained by the ethnic variation of lifestyles, social norms, and cultural features. Our findings suggest the need to develop ethnic-specific interventions to mitigate the smoking and drinking prevalence.
Regional Path Breaking: The Role of Industry Switching, Industry Diversity, and New Knowledge in New Venture Exit
Authors: Plummer Lawrence A. , Parker Simon C. , Reyes Silvia C.
Published: September 2020

Regions with spatial concentrations of businesses create conditions that spawn new firms, but also undercut new venture survival. Localized competition puts pressure on new firms to exit. Adding to this pressure to exit is regional path dependence, which limits the ability of firms to respond strategically to hostile local conditions. We investigate the extent to which the pressure to exit created by localized competition is moderated by three “path breaking” factors—new knowledge, industry diversity, and industry switching. We test and find broad support for our hypotheses using data from 355 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States spanning 2002 to 2010.
Misrepresenting COVID-19: Lying With Charts During the Second Golden Age of Data Design
Authors: Doan Sara
Published: September 2020

In this second golden age of data design, digital affordances enable the news media to share occasionally misleading charts about COVID-19. Examining data visualizations about COVID-19 highlights three ways that charts can mislead viewers: (a) by displaying inadequate data, (b) by manipulating scales and visual distance, and (c) by omitting contextual labels needed to fully understand a chart’s message. This article provides takeaways for technical communicators about including and displaying adequate data, representing numbers consistently, and humanizing COVID-19’s effects.
Personalized Computational Models of Tissue-Rearrangement in the Scalp Predict the Mechanical Stress Signature of Rotation Flaps
Authors: Lee Taeksang , Turin Sergey Y. , Stowers Casey , Gosain Arun K. , Tepole Adrian Buganza
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To elucidate the mechanics of scalp rotation flaps through 3D imaging and computational modeling. Excessive tension near a wound or sutured region can delay wound healing or trigger complications. Measuring tension in the operating room is challenging, instead, noninvasive methods to improve surgical planning are needed.

Design:

Multi-view stereo allows creation of 3D patient-specific geometries based on a set of photographs. The patient-specific 3D geometry is imported into a finite element (FE) platform to perform a virtual procedure. The simulation is compared with the clinical outcome. Additional simulations quantify the effect of individual flap parameters on the resulting tension distribution.

Participants:

Rotation flaps for reconstruction of scalp defects following melanoma resection in 2 cases are presented. Rotation flaps were designed without preoperative FE preparation.

Main Outcome Measure:

Tension distribution over the operated region.

Results:

The tension from FE shows peaks at the base and distal ends of the scalp rotation flap. The predicted geometry from the simulation aligns with postoperative photographs. Simulations exploring the flap design parameters show variation in the tension. Lower tensions were achieved when rotation was oriented with respect to skin tension lines (horizontal tissue fibers) and smaller rotation angles.

Conclusions:

Tension distribution following rotation of scalp flaps can be predicted through personalized FE simulations. Flaps can be designed to reduce tension using FE, which may greatly improve the reliability of scalp reconstruction in craniofacial surgery, critical in complex cases when scalp reconstruction is essential for coverage of hardware, implants, and/or bone graft.
The Joint Effects of Leadership Style and Magnitude of the Disruption on Team Adaptation: A Longitudinal Experiment
Authors: Sanchez-Manzanares Miriam , Rico Ramon , Antino Mirko , Uitdewilligen Sjir
Published: September 2020

Here, we report a longitudinal experiment testing the combined effects of leadership style and the magnitude of the disruption on team adaptive performance over time. We hypothesized that teams led by a directive leader would outperform teams led by an empowering leader when task conditions do not change (pre-change), while teams with an empowering leader would outperform teams with a directive leader under changing task conditions (post-change), especially when task changes are high in magnitude. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a 2 (leadership: directive/empowering) x 2 (magnitude of the disruption: low/high) experiment with repeated measures of team performance before and after the change occurred. Sixty-seven three-member teams participated in a computer-based firefighting simulation. Evidence from discontinuous growth modeling partially supported our hypotheses by showing that before the task change, directively led teams outperformed teams led by an empowering leader. After the task change, however, directively led teams still outperformed teams with empowering leaders. The magnitude of the disruption had a significant main effect on team adaptive performance but did not significantly moderate the effect of leadership style. Implications for the team adaptation literature and the management of teams under complex, changing conditions are discussed.
An Integrated Model to Accelerate Patient Satisfaction Improvement
Authors: Delisle Dennis R. , Dajani Jana , Overton Lauren
Published: September 2020

Patient satisfaction is gaining traction in the strategic direction and daily operations of hospital executives. The financial penalty/incentive tied to patient satisfaction scores creates a burning platform to accelerate progress. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of various improvement strategies including leadership rounding and employee training, among others. There has not been a study utilizing an integrated model that incorporates known best practices into a holistic approach. The integrated model included service excellence training, nursing unit-specific action plans, and weekly leadership rounding. Implementation of the model led to significant and sustainable improvements in patient satisfaction in the community hospital setting. This approach can be leveraged and scaled in other organizations to accelerate the pace of change.
Community-Based Production of Quality Face Masks for Personal Protection During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mehta Sonia , Dooley F. Cole , Gore Stephanie , Spiess Bruce , Gravenstein Nik , Algarra Nelson Nicolas
Published: September 2020

The authors developed a process to produce a reliably fitting face mask from materials that were immediately available to health care workers, to reduce the risk of infection. Multiple materials and designs were developed to produce face masks that focused on ease of production, the ability to generate a reliable facial seal, and the ability to tailor the mask for those who did not fit commercially available N95 masks. Two final designs were selected. Mask components were assembled into kits and distributed to community sewists. Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were developed for quality improvement. A process was successfully developed to produce 5000 face masks in a period of 3 weeks that fit almost all (95%) health care workers who did not fit in a commercially available mask. The process was able to produce quality face masks with specific attention paid to developing masks that would pass qualitative fit testing.
The Metabolomic Underpinnings of Symptom Burden in Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: Corwin Elizabeth J. , Brewster Glenna , Dunbar Sandra B. , Wells Jessica , Hertzberg Vicki , Holstad Marcia , Song Mi-Kyung , Jones Dean
Published: September 2020

Over 25% of the adult population in the United States suffers from multiple chronic conditions, with numbers continuing to rise. Those with multiple chronic conditions often experience symptoms or symptom clusters that undermine their quality of life and ability to self-manage. Importantly, symptom severity in those with even the same multiple chronic conditions varies, suggesting that the mechanisms driving symptoms in patients with multiple chronic conditions are not fixed but may differ in ways that could make them amenable to targeted interventions. In this manuscript we describe at a metabolic level, the symptom experience of persons with multiple chronic conditions, including how symptoms may synergize or cluster across multiple chronic conditions to augment one’s symptom burden. To guide this discussion, we consider the metabolites and metabolic pathways known to span multiple adverse health conditions and associate with severe symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety and their cluster. We also describe how severe versus mild symptoms, and their associated metabolites and metabolic pathways, may vary, depending on the presence of covariates; two of which, sex as a biological variable and the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis, are discussed in additional detail. Intertwining metabolomics and symptom science into nursing research, offers the unique opportunity to better understand how the metabolites and metabolic pathways affected in those with multiple chronic conditions may initiate or exacerbate symptom presence within a given individual, ultimately allowing clinicians to develop targeted interventions to improve the health quality of patients their families.
A Fisher-eye lens on social work reform
Authors: McGrath-Brookes Michael , Hanley Joe , Higgins Martyn
Published: September 2020

Mark Fisher’s Capitalist Realism, published in 2009, has been recognised as one of the most important contributions chronicling the rise, application and consequences of neoliberalism. However, Fisher’s ideas have until now only garnered passing mention in the study of neoliberalism in children and families social work in England, despite there being extensive research, argument and publication on the subject more broadly. This article attempts to rectify this gap and apply Fisher’s theory to the recent reforms in children and families social work in England.

Findings

The article applies Fisher’s commentary on the co-option of language, invoking crisis, bureaucracy and proposing change to implement no change, to the reforms in children and families social work that began with the implementation of Reclaiming Social Work in 2008. Since that time, the original architects of Reclaiming Social Work have gained significant positions of power and influence and been instrumental in introducing neoliberal reforms throughout children and families social work in England.

Applications

Through applying the approach and concepts of Mark Fisher, this article concludes that it is possible to determine that the current reforms are, at their core, neoliberal in nature and driven by an ideological imperative to transform children and families social work in England into a neoliberal edifice, with less public sector and state input and oversight and an increase in the influence of ‘not-for-profits’, charities and international for-profit consultancies.