bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A shift in reptile diversity and abundance over the last 25 years
Authors: Schwarz Rachel , Stark Gavin , Meiri Shai
Published: March 2019

The south-facing slopes in canyons, oriented along an east-west axis north of the equator, are often hotter and drier than north-facing slopes, promoting differences in the biotic and abiotic characteristics of the opposing slopes. We studied how diversity and abundance patterns have changed in Oren stream (Carmel Mountains, Israel) during the last 25 years. We tested whether temperature and habitat preferences of reptiles affected observation frequencies, to assess potential effects of global warming on the reptiles. We compared the results of a 1993–1994 survey in Oren stream to a survey we conducted during 2017–2018, using similar methods, survey area and effort. Species composition and abundance in Oren stream did not significantly change between studies, but the proportion of observations differed significantly across slopes for four out of the six most abundant species. The number of observations increased monotonically with increasing temperatures on the south-facing slope, but decreased on the north-facing slope above a temperature of 22°C. The major biome species inhabit globally was unrelated to the number of observations across slopes or studies, but species inhabiting warmer ranges were more frequently observed in the current survey. Our results suggest that as global temperatures rise, reptile species which can tolerate higher temperatures, and those which can avoid the hottest temperatures of the day, may be able to cope better. These results however may also derive from better detection ability of some species over others between study teams.
Cosmopolitanism, Literary Nationalisms and Linguistic Activism
Authors: Bourlet Mélanie
Published: March 2019

This article explores the relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism through the example of a transnational literature written in an African language, Pulaar, considered from a multi-located perspective. It seeks to understand to what extent a linguistically based transnational literary nationalism may be considered a form of “bottom-up cosmopolitanism” (Appadurai) that carries social aspirations. In the context of globalization, movements of linguistic revitalisation continue to grow and language has become a veritable tool for social action. This essay argues that, from a methodological standpoint, a more focused attention to the local and to translocal ties allows us to bring to light the connectivity of literature and its tendency to challenge institutionalized global literary geographies.
Bastions of Tradition: The Ethnic Factor and Political Machines in Russian Regions
Authors: Shkel Stanislav
Published: March 2019

The regional machines created by the Russian governors in the mid-1990s turned out to be most effective in the ethnic republics. This phenomenon is supported by several facts, with the primary as follows: the density of the patronage networks among the rural ethnic minorities, and the economic heritage of the Soviet period and ethnical institutionalization. These factors allowed regional elites to integrate ethnic minorities into the clientelism structure to distribute symbolic and material benefits in exchange for their electoral support. However, at present, the federal authorities have considerably reduced the autonomy of the ethnic republics and deprived them of many ethnic preferences. Basing on the analysis of the electoral statistics from the Russian Presidential Election of 2018, this article researches the political consequences caused by the changed relationship between the center and the regions, as well as the changes in functioning of regional political machines in the circumstances where the governors’ institutional and resource autonomy has been reduced. The data analysis allowed for the discovery of the diversified electoral behavior of ethnic minorities in different republics. The reasons for the above diversification have been explained based on a comparative analysis of five case studies (the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Komi Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).
Where to Find Indian Menocchios?
Authors: Orsini Francesca
Published: March 2019

Abtract

If we agree with the basic assumption that ordinary people and not only “professional” intellectuals have thought and discussed ideas and produced and exchanged knowledge, where in South Asian archives can we find examples of non-elite figures and their discourses like the sixteenth-century miller Menocchio, immortalised by Carlo Ginzburg in The Cheese and the Worms? If we want to look beyond the high languages of Persian, Sanskrit, and Tamil, with their established protocols and vocabularies of knowledge, where do we look, and what and who are we likely to find? Should we look only at individual “great thinkers,” systematic philosophies or genres that are recognizable as “philosophy” or as śāstra? Or, for Indian as for African languages, should we look for ideas in the languages themselves and in genres in which ideas have been discussed, be they proverbs (as repositories of received, often contrasting, ideas), or song-poems, sermons, anecdotes, fictional narratives, letters, records of conversations like Sufi malfūẓāt, and so on—whether “philosophical ideas” are expressed explicitly or are implicit in their arrangement? This essay offers four initial suggestions about what the appropriate and available genres for an intellectual history in Indian languages may be.
The lichen family Teloschistaceae in the Altai-Sayan region (Central Asia)
Authors: VONDRÁK JAN , FROLOV IVAN , DAVYDOV EVGENY A. , YAKOVCHENKO LIDIA , MALÍČEK JIŘÍ , SVOBODA STANISLAV , KUBÁSEK JIŘÍ
Published: March 2019

Within the Altai-Sayan region, we identified 103 species of Teloschistaceae from 1193 field records supported by herbarium vouchers. The recorded species belong to the subfamilies Xanthorioideae (46 species in 14 genera) and Caloplacoideae (57 species in 17 genera); Teloschistoideae is absent. We divided the 194 surveyed localities into four categories: arid alpine, arid non-alpine, humid alpine, humid non-alpine. Each category has a specific lichen composition and a typical combination of traits. Humid non-alpine localities are mostly inhabited by broadly distributed boreal-montane species; humid alpine sites by arctic-alpine lichens; arid non-alpine habitats are preferred by xerophilous Eurasian species and arid alpine sites by xerophilous Central Asian species with (presumably) large geographic ranges in dry continental Asia. Some arid alpine species have a thick crustose thallus with a very thick medulla and cortex; this morphological trait is confined to the Central Asian group of lichens and is absent from other climatic regions, such as arctic, boreal or oceanic Eurasia. We compared species diversity in the Altai-Sayan region with the Alps. Both regions differ in species and generic composition and the richness is higher in the latter.                Taxonomy: Caloplaca fluviatilis is newly described. New combinations are Pachypeltis insularis, P. pachythallina, P. phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida. Two of Magnusson’s names are newly synonymized: Caloplaca infestans with Pachypeltis intrudens and Caloplaca kansuensis with C. bicolor. In addition to 22 known genera, we define, provisionally, 9 groups of species that may merit recognition as genera. Caloplaca epithallina is provisionally placed in Shackletonia, but we do not formally publish a new combination. Lichenicolous Pachypeltis phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida are less host-specific than originally thought.                Floristics: Caloplaca pratensis is new to Eurasia, Caloplaca helygeoides (= C. diphyodes auct.), C. monacensis and C. soralifera are new to Asia. 12 species are new to Russia, 9 new to Siberia, 9 new to China, 2 new to Kazakhstan, and 2 new to Xinjiang. Outside the studied region Pachypeltis phoenicopta is new to Europe (Spain, Sierra Nevada) and we report the first reliable record of Pachypeltis insularis from Greece (Mt Olympus).
Two new species of alcyonacean-associated shrimp genus Alcyonohippolyte Marin, Okuno & Chan, 2010 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia
Authors: MARIN IVAN
Published: March 2019

Two new species of symbiotic hippolytid shrimps of the genus Alcyonohippolyte Marin, Okuno & Chan, 2010 are described from Lizard Island, the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Alcyonohippolyte tenuicarpus sp. nov. is associated with xeniid soft coral of the genus Heteroxenia Kolliker, 1874 and differs from the congeners by a long rostrum greatly exceeding antennular peduncle and slender carpal segments of pereiopod II. Alcyonohippolyte tubiporae sp. nov. is associated with organ pipe coral of the genus Tubipora Linnaeus, 1758, possibly T. musica Linnaeus, 1758 (Alcyonacea: Tubiporidae), and differs from the congeners by equal distal and proximal carpal segments of pereiopod II. Both species can be clearly separated from the congeners ecologically and by coloration.
Notes on Prosopocoilus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species
Authors: HUANG HAO , CHEN CHANG-CHIN
Published: March 2019

Prosopocoilus yangi Fukinuki has been rediscovered from central China and is redescribed with male and female genitalia illustrated. A similar species, P. simianshanus new species, is described from Chongqing, central China. Prosopocoilus reni new species is described from Hainan, China. Taxonomic notes are given for Kirchnerius guangxii Schenk, Prosopocoilus astacoides (Hope) and Prosopocoilus duplodentatus Benesh. Three new synonyms are presented: Prosopocoilus Hope = Kirchnerius Schenk new synonym; Prosopocoilus cyclommatoides Lacroix = Kirchnerius guangxii Schenk new synonym; Prosopocoilus oweni melli Kriesche = Prosopocoilus duplodentatus Benesh new synonym.
The life of René Malaise: from the wild east to a sunken island
Authors: VÅRDAL HEGE , TAEGER ANDREAS
Published: March 2019

A review is presented of the life of the Swedish entomologist René Malaise (1892–1978), the inventor of the “Malaise trap” and one of the most important 20th Century specialists on sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta).
Five new species of the leafhopper genus Limassolla Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China
Authors: SONG YUEHUA , LI ZIZHONG
Published: March 2019

Five new species, Limassolla auriculata sp. nov., L. forcipata sp. nov., L. qianfoensis sp. nov., L. rutila sp. nov. and L. yingjianga sp. nov. from China are described and illustrated. A key and a check list of Chinese species of the genus Limassolla is provided.
First report on the leafhopper genus Takama Dworakowska & Viraktamath (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Hainan Island, China, with the description of two new species
Authors: SONG YUEHUA , LI ZIZHONG
Published: March 2019

The leafhopper genus Takama Dworakowska & Viraktamath (1975) is reported for the first time from China. In the present paper, two new species, Takama horna sp. nov., Takama jianfenga sp. nov. from Hainan Island, China are described and illustrated.
Synopsis of Aenictus species groups and revision of the A. currax and A. laeviceps groups in the eastern Oriental, Indo-Australian, and Australasian regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aenictinae)
Authors: JAITRONG WEEYAWAT , YAMANE SEIKI
Published: March 2019

Twelve species groups are established in the ant genus Aenictus of the eastern part of Oriental region, and Indo-Australian and Australasian regions, and the species of the Aenictus currax group and A. laeviceps group are revised. Nine species (six named and three new species) of the A. currax group occurring in this area are: A. cornutus Forel, A. currax Emery, A. diclops Shattuck, A. glabrinotum Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. gracilis Emery, A. huonicus Wilson, A. parahuonicus Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. pfeifferi Zettel et Sorger, and A. wayani Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov. Thirteen species (six named and seven new species) are recognized in the A. laeviceps group: A. alticola Wheeler et Chapman, A. binghami Forel, A. bodongjaya Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. breviceps Forel, stat. nov., A. brevinodus Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. fulvus Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. hodgsoni Forel, A. laeviceps (F. Smith), A. luzoni Wheeler et Chapman, A. montivagus Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. rotundicollis Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., A. siamensis Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov., and A. sonchaengi Jaitrong et Yamane, sp. nov. A. fergusoni var. breviceps Forel is removed from synonymy with A. laeviceps and raised to full species. Lectotypes and paralectotyps are designated for A. alticola, A. binghami, A. breviceps, A. cornutus, A. currax, A. gracilis, A. laeviceps, and A. luzoni.
New Afrotropical and Oriental species of Micrepimera Matile (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
Authors: ŠEVČÍK JAN , PAPP LÁSZLÓ
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Robsonomyiini (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Macrocerinae), Micrepimera berentiana sp. n. and M. pandastica sp. n., are described from southern Madagascar and northern Vietnam, respectively. This is the first record of this tribe in the Afrotropical region and from mainland Asia. Both the new species differ from M. punctipennis Matile (described from Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean) mainly in wing coloration, structure of antennae, and details of the male terminalia.
The aquatic and littoral forms of the Patagonian frog Atelognathus patagonicus (Batrachylinae): new molecular evidence
Authors: MARTINAZZO LIZA B. , BASSO NÉSTOR G. , ÚBEDA CARMEN A.
Published: March 2019

Atelognathus patagonicus is one of the eight species included in the Patagonian genus Atelognathus, an endemic frog occurring in the system of endorheic basaltic lagoons of the Laguna Blanca National Park (PNLB), Neuquén, Argentina. Based on morphological data, Cei & Roig (1968) described two forms of A. patagonicus, which they called “aquatic” and “littoral”. These morphotypes were first suggested to belong to different species, but later, Cei (1972) proposed that both forms represent a balanced polymorphism within A. patagonicus. More recently, an ecomorphological study showed that aquatic and littoral are reversible forms of the same individual (phenotypic plasticity). In this paper we compare the morphotypes of A. patagonicus using nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA (cytochrome b and control region) in order to test the existence of genetic differentiation between the aquatic and littoral forms. In addition, we present data of genetic variability of A. patagonicus from the Laguna Blanca system. We did not detect genetic differentiation between littoral and aquatic morphotypes for both genes studied. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of phenotypic plasticity. In contrast with the expected results for low vagility organisms, the diversity index observed in A. patagonicus revealed a low genetic variability.
A taxonomically significant polymorphism in Leucochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Nomenclature, larval and adult descriptions, and biological notes
Authors: TAUBER CATHERINE A. , MANTOANELLI EUZILENI , ALBUQUERQUE GILBERTO S. , REGUILÓN CARMEN , OLAZO ENRIQUE GONZÁLEZ , TAUBER MAURICE J.
Published: March 2019

Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) loretana Navás, 1935, a species described from Argentina, was discovered to have a geographically variable polymorphism, with two forms of adult coloration. One of the morphs (the “brown-spotted” morph) is indistiguishable from the widespread species Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) longicornis (G. Gray in Cuvier, 1832) and the second morph (the “white-spotted” morph) is identical to another Argentinian species, Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) boxi Navás, 1930. These observations generated a number of nomenclatural changes: (1) The oldest of the three names, L. (L.) longicornis (= Hemerobius longicornis), is a secondary homonym of a Linnaean species described in 1764 and therefore is unavailable for Gray’s species. (2) Thus, by priority, L. (L.) boxi becomes the valid name for the polymorphic species. (3) Leucochrysa (L.) loretana becomes a synonym of L. (L.) boxi. (4) The above three names are stabilized by the designation of primary types for each of the species, and by other nomenclatural actions. Specifically, (a) a lectotype is designated for Hemerobius longicornis G. Gray and, as First Revisers, we selected the species name from among two that were published in the original description; (b) a lectotype is designated for Leucochrysa boxi Navás;  and (c) a neotype is designated for Leucochrysa loretana Navás. Finally, the L. (L.) boxi adult is redescribed (both morphs, as well as the male and female genitalia); the larvae (all instars) are described; and aspects of the biology of the species (geographic variation in the polymorphism and a new record of ectoparasitism) are presented.
Two new species of Heissothignus from New Guinea (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Heterogastridae)
Authors: BRAILOVSKY HARRY
Published: March 2019

Two new species Heissothignus slateri and Heissothignus baitetus from New Guinea are described, illustrated, and included in the family Heterogastridae (Lygaeoidea). A key to the known species of Heissothignus is presented.
A new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro (Amphibia: Anura: Cycloramphidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
Authors: NAPOLI MARCELO FELGUEIRAS , CRUZ CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES , DE ABREU RAFAEL OLIVEIRA , DEL-GRANDE MARIA LUCIA
Published: March 2019

We describe a new species of Proceratophrys, allied to P. schirchi, from the northern sector of the Espinhaço mountain range, within a semiarid region in central State of Bahia known as Chapada Diamantina. The new species inhabits seasonal semi-deciduous forests (usually known as dry forests) that cover the mountainous relief of the Serra de Jacobina, a regional designation of the Espinhaço mountain range in northeastern Brazil. Proceratophrys minuta sp. nov. most resembles P. schirchi by combination of small palpebral appendages, general external morphology, and by its restriction to Atlantic Forest remnants. It is diagnosed from all congeners by the combination of small body size (snout–vent length, males 20.4–25.2 mm, females 28.3–31.9 mm), absence of rostral appendage, short palpebral appendages with the central prominent, dorsum adorned with sinuous longitudinal ridges outlining a spear-shaped ornamentation like a hastate-shaped leaf (with flaring pointed lobes at eyes and spear point at urostile), and other six morphological characteristics. We also describe the tadpole of P. minuta sp. nov., and compare its color and external morphology with other tadpoles of Proceratophrys described in the literature.
Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan
Authors: LOH KAR-HOE , SHAO KWANG-TSAO , CHEN HONG-MING
Published: March 2019

Gymnothorax melanosomatus new species, is described here on the basis of eight specimens collected from eastern coastal Taiwan at a depth 50–180 m. This new moray eel is distinguished from a closely similar species, G. prolatus, by a combination of the following characters: a uniformly black body when fresh (vs. brown), a relatively long preanal length 58.5 % of TL (vs. 48.9), shorter snout length 17.8 % of HL (vs. 20.0), interobital width 12.2 % of HL (vs. 14.3); more preanal vertebrae 105–109 (vs. 74–86) and total vertebrae 201–211 (vs. 174–190). The male and female are not different in body color and pattern, but the numbers of median intermaxillary teeth are different between the sexes, 0 in male and 2–3 in female.
Eviota rubriceps, a new goby from the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, with comments on E. mikiae and E. raja (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: GREENFIELD DAVID W. , JEWETT SUSAN L.
Published: March 2019

A new species of goby, Eviota rubriceps, most similar to E. nigrispina, is described from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippine Islands. Both species have the lower two thirds of the body dark in preserved specimens, belong to the cephalic sensory-pore pattern group 2 of Lachner and Karnella (1980), have an 8/7 dorsal/anal formula, and unbranched pectoral-fin rays. Eviota rubriceps differs from E. nigrispina in live and preserved coloration and in caudal-peduncle depth. The descriptions of E. mikiae and E. raja are expanded based on additional materials.
On the composite nature of the holotype of Loxodontomys pikumche Spotorno et al., 1998 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)
Authors: TETA PABLO , PARDIÑAS ULYSES F. J. , D’ELÍA GUILLERMO
Published: March 2019

Central Chilean populations of the mouse Loxodontomys Osgood were traditionally (e.g., Pine et al., 1979) included as part of the single species recognized in the genus, L. micropus (Waterhouse). Later, Spotorno et al. (1998) considered that they belong to an up to then undescribed species for which they coined the name L. pikumche. This taxon, with type locality in “... Cajón del Río Maipo, sector Cruz de Piedra (34º 10’ S 69º 58’ W, 2.450 msnm), a 55 km S de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Las Melosas... en la Cordillera de la Región Metropolitana” is characterized by a 2n = 32 (NF = 34) and some subtle morphological differences with L. micropus (that, in turn, has a 2n = 34, NF = 36; Spotorno et al., 1998; Teta et al., 2009). More recently, Novillo et al. (2009) reported the first record of L. pikumche in the Argentinean province of Mendoza and added some putative morphological differences with L. micropus to those previously listed by Spotorno et al. (1998). As discussed by Cañon et al. (2010), the morphological characters  documented as differences by Novillo et al. (2009) have some degree of variation within populations of L. micropus s.s. (e.g., zygomatic plate morphology, lateral profile of nasals, development of posterior palate process; see Hershkovitz, 1962; Steppan, 1995) or were based on misinterpretation of some features (e.g., both specimens studied by Novillo et al. [2009] has posteriorly divergent toothrows, and not only that of micropus). Indeed, the distinction of L. pikumche was recently put in interdict by Cañon et al. (2010) on the base of molecular and morphological evidence. These authors remarked that several putative diagnostic characters (e.g., molar root numbers, incisor orientation, shape of upper incisor dentine fissure) vary within and among populations of L. micropus s.s. Further, Cañon et al. (2010) suggested that L. pikumche may be a junior synomyn of L. m. alsus (Thomas, 1919).
A new troglomorphic Metagonia Simon 1893 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Brazil
Authors: MACHADO EWERTON O. , FERREIRA RODRIGO L. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: March 2019

The genus Metagonia Simon 1893 currently has 81 species widely distributed in South and Central America (Platnick, 2011). The majority of species are leaf-dwellers (Gertsch 1986; Huber 1997; 2004; Huber & Schütte 2009) but some inhabit leaf-litter (Huber et al. 2005) or live in caves (Gertsch 1986; Gertsch & Peck 1992; Huber 1998; Pérez González & Huber 1999). Three species were described from cave environments as eyeless troglobites: M. bellavista Gertsch & Peck 1992 and M. reederi Gertsch & Peck 1992 from the Galapagos Islands and M. debrasi Pérez González & Huber 1999 from Cuba. These species may be local relicts from extinct groups (Gertsch & Peck 1992, Pérez González & Huber 1999). Huber (2000) placed these eyeless species in his ‘group 4’.
Review of the subgenus Ammosphex Wilcke, 1942 of the genus Arachnospila Kincaid, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Russian Far East and East Siberia
Authors: LOKTIONOV VALERY M. , LELEJ ARKADY S.
Published: March 2019

A total of nineteen species are reviewed. Five new species: Arachnospila (Ammosphex) belokobylskii Loktionov and Lelej, sp. nov. (Primorskiy Terr.), A. (A.) orientausa Loktionov and Lelej, sp. nov. (Primorskiy Terr.), A. (A.) rasnitsyni Loktionov and Lelej, sp. nov. (Buryatia), A. (A.) tobiasi Loktionov and Lelej, sp. nov. (Buryatia), and A. (A.) zonsteini Loktionov and Lelej, sp. nov. (Buryatia) are described and illustrated. Hitherto unknown females of A. (A.) eoabnormis Lelej, 1995, A. (A.) kurentzovi Lelej, 1995, A. (A.) kurzenkoi Lelej, 1995, A. (A.) mongolopinata Wolf, 1981, A. (A.) wolfi Lelej, 1995, and A. (A.) yasumatsui Wolf and Móczár, 1972 are described. Three species: Arachnospila (Ammosphex) dschingis Wolf and Móczár, 1972, A. (A.) kaszabi Wolf and Móczár, 1972, and A. (A.) yasumatsui Wolf and Móczár, 1972 are newly recorded from Russia. A key to species for both sexes is given.The synonymy of Psammochares subflavus Haupt, 1929 under Arachnospila clericalis (F. Morawitz, 1889) is confirmed.
Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New World warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: KOUNEK FILIP , SYCHRA OLDRICH , CAPEK MIROSLAV , LITERAK IVAN
Published: March 2019

Four new species of chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea parasitic on members of the avian family Parulidae are described. They and their type hosts are: Myrsidea basileuteri ex Basileuterus rufifrons, M. myiobori ex Myioborus miniatus, M. paleno ex Parkesia motacilla and M. zeledoni ex Phaeothlypis fulvicauda. Records of undescribed Myrsidea representing new louse-host associations for Basileuterus tristriatus and Parula pitiayumi are also discussed.
Description of the larva of Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909 (Odonata: Aeshnidae)
Authors: DE MARMELS JÜRG , NEISS ULISSES GASPAR
Published: March 2019

The ultimate stadium larva of Gynacantha auricularis is described and illustrated based on exuviae of a male and a female reared larvae from Manaus, Brazil. The larva resembles that of G. gracilis (Burmeister) in having a small lateral spine also on abdominal segment 5, while the prementum morphology and size and distribution and number of palpal setae are similar to those species with lateral spine absent on segment 5. The larvae were found in rainwater pools with abundant leaf litter, in the interior of Amazonian lowland forest.
A new species of Leiopathes (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Great Meteor seamount (North Atlantic)
Authors: MOLODTSOVA TINA N.
Published: March 2019

Leiopathes montana, a new species previously reported as L. glaberrima (Esper), is described from the plateau of the Great Meteor seamount (North Atlantic) at depth 300–335 m. The new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by very thin at tips, slightly bended terminal branchlets 0.15–0.2 mm in diameter above the base, rather long in comparison to the size of the colony, small compressed triangular spines 0.02–0.03 mm long and 0.22–0.5 mm apart, and small densely-set polyps (6–9 per centimeter). Eight species assigned to the genus Leiopathes represent two distinct groups: (1) sparsely branched forms with longer terminal branchlets (L. glaberrima, L. valdiviae, L. acanthophora, L. bullosa, L. montana), and (2) forms with sinusoidal stem and branches, and very short branchlets forming flabellate fronds (L. expansa, L. grimaldii, L. secunda). The largest in size syntype of L. grimaldii Roule, 1902 collected off the Azores is proposed here as the lectotype, since it is the only full grown and complete specimen and also the only specimen illustrated and described in detail by Roule.
The European 2016/17 Drought
Authors: García-Herrera Ricardo , Garrido-Perez Jose M. , Barriopedro David , Ordóñez Carlos , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis , Sorí Rogert , Yiou Pascal
Published: March 2019

We have analyzed the record-breaking drought that affected western and central Europe from July 2016 to June 2017. It caused widespread impacts on water supplies, agriculture, and hydroelectric power production, and was associated with forest fires in Iberia. Unlike common continental-scale droughts, this event displayed a highly unusual spatial pattern affecting both northern and southern European regions. Drought conditions were observed over 90% of central-western Europe, hitting record-breaking values (with respect to 1979–2017) in 25% of the area. Therefore, the event can be considered as the most severe European drought at the continental scale since at least 1979. The main dynamical forcing of the drought was the consecutive occurrence of blocking and subtropical ridges, sometimes displaced from their typical locations. This led to latitudinal shifts of the jet stream and record-breaking positive geopotential height anomalies over most of the continent. The reduction in moisture transport from the Atlantic was relevant in the northern part of the region, where decreased precipitation and increased sunshine duration were the main contributors to the drought. On the other hand, thermodynamic processes, mostly associated with high temperatures and the resulting increase in atmospheric evaporative demand, were more important in the south. Finally, using flow circulation analogs we show that this drought was more severe than it would have been in the early past.
Comparing the Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Using the Direct GSI-Based Ensemble–Variational (EnVar) and Indirect Cloud Analysis Methods in Convection-Allowing Forecasts over the Continental United States
Authors: Duda Jeffrey D. , Wang Xuguang , Wang Yongming , Carley Jacob R.
Published: March 2019

Two methods for assimilating radar reflectivity into deterministic convection-allowing forecasts were compared: an operationally used, computationally less expensive cloud analysis (CA) scheme and a relatively more expensive, but rigorous, ensemble Kalman filter–variational hybrid method (EnVar). These methods were implemented in the Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B-grid and were tested on 10 cases featuring high-impact deep convective storms and heavy precipitation. A variety of traditional, neighborhood-based, and features-based verification metrics support that the EnVar produced superior free forecasts compared to the CA procedure, with statistically significant differences extending up to 9 h into the forecast. Despite being inferior, the CA scheme was able to provide benefit compared to not assimilating radar reflectivity at all, but limited to the first few forecast hours. While the EnVar is able to partially suppress spurious convection by assimilating 0-dBZ reflectivity observations directly, the CA is not designed to reduce or remove hydrometeors. As a result, the CA struggles more with suppression of spurious convection in the first-guess field, which resulted in high-frequency biases and poor forecast evolution, as illustrated in a few case studies. Additionally, while the EnVar uses flow-dependent ensemble covariances to update hydrometers, thermodynamic, and dynamic variables simultaneously when the reflectivity is assimilated, the CA relies on a radar reflectivity-derived latent heating rate that is applied during a separate digital filter initialization (DFI) procedure to introduce deep convective storms into the model, and the results of CA are shown to be sensitive to the window length used in the DFI.
Troposphere–Stratosphere Coupling Following Tropospheric Blocking and Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Attard Hannah E. , Lang Andrea L.
Published: March 2019

A climatology of the 100- and 250-hPa 45°–75°N zonal-mean meridional eddy heat flux anomaly, hereafter heat flux anomaly, was created to examine its variability following cool-season (i.e., October–April) blocks and extratropical cyclones. The goal is to elucidate the dynamical and environmental differences between synoptic events followed by the most extreme heat flux anomalies. The analysis was conducted with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 reanalysis. The results show that, on average, European blocks and west Pacific cyclones are followed by positive heat flux anomalies while west Pacific blocks and Atlantic extratropical cyclones are followed by negative heat flux anomalies. However, there was a large range of the 11-day-average heat flux anomaly following the events. Events in each region were further partitioned by their 100-hPa heat flux anomaly for a temporal and spatial analysis of the top and bottom quartile of events. Top-quartile events exhibited a baroclinic wave structure with height from the troposphere through the stratosphere, whereas bottom-quartile events were associated with a barotropic wave structure with height; these structures are significant at the 5% level. The results suggest that the sign of the heat flux anomaly is not dependent on the location of the synoptic event alone, but that there are common climatological and anomalous wave patterns surrounding the synoptic events that result in positive or negative heat flux anomaly. Regardless of event region, the precursor stratospheric structure is a key indicator in whether an event is followed by positive or negative 100-hPa heat flux anomalies.
Gendered Intergenerational Transmission of Work Values? A Country Comparison
Authors: Cemalcilar Zeynep , Jensen Carsten , Tosun Jale
Published: March 2019

In this study, we examine two research questions: Are the work values of young people determined by the work values of their parents? Is the transmission of work values conditioned by the young adults’ gender? We use original survey data for respondents aged 18–35 and their parents in Denmark, Germany, Turkey, and the UK to explore these questions. Our findings reveal a robust pattern: in all four countries and for all four types of work values we measure, young adults’ work values are strongly influenced by their parents’ work values. We also find a gender effect among German respondents: work plays a more central role in the lives of young men than in the lives of young women. Gender helps to explain attitudes toward female labor force participation in all of the countries we studied, and we find no evidence that gender conditions the effect of the intergenerational transmission of work values except for in the UK, where gender does condition the effect of family attitudes on young peoples’ extrinsic work values and their views on work centrality.
Delayed effects of autophagy on T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in mouse primary Leydig cells
Authors: Yang Jian Ying , Zhang Yong Fa , Meng Xiang Ping , Kong Xiang Feng
Published: March 2019

T-2 toxin is a type-A trichothecene produced by Fusarium found in several food commodities worldwide. T-2 toxin causes reproductive disorders, genotoxicity, and testicular toxicity in animals. Our previous research has reported that T-2 toxin can induce apoptosis via the Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation in mouse primary Leydig cells. However, little is known about the functions of autophagy and the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis after exposure to T-2 toxin in Leydig cells. This study investigated these problems in mouse primary Leydig cells. Results showed that T-2 toxin treatment upregulated LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression, suggesting that T-2 toxin induced a high level of autophagy. Pretreatment with chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) and rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) increased and decreased the rate of apoptosis, respectively, in contrast to T-2 toxin-treated group. Autophagy delayed apoptosis in the T-2 toxin-treated Leydig cells. Therefore, autophagy may prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis by reducing T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity.
Toward location privacy protection in Spatial crowdsourcing
Authors: Ye Hang , Han Kai , Xu Chaoting , Xu Jingxin , Gui Fei
Published: March 2019

Spatial crowdsourcing is an emerging outsourcing platform that allocates spatio-temporal tasks to a set of workers. Then, the worker moves to the specified locations to perform the tasks. However, it usually demands workers to upload their location information to the spatial crowdsourcing server, which unavoidably attracts attention to the privacy-preserving of the workers’ locations. In this article, we propose a novel framework that can protect the location privacy of the workers and the requesters when assigning tasks to workers. Our scheme is based on mathematical transformation to the location while providing privacy protection to workers and requesters. Moreover, to further preserve the relative location between workers, we generate a certain amount of noise to interfere the spatial crowdsourcing server. Experimental results on real-world data sets show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed framework.
A Radiographic Sizing Algorithm for Tibial Plateau Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Trofa David P. , Graham William C. , McCullough Kirk A. , Lattermann Christian , Flanigan David C. , Corpus Keith T. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Fleischli James E. , Piasecki Dana P.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Tibial plateau osteochondral allograft transplantation is a promising treatment for symptomatic chondral damage of the proximal tibia due to a variety of etiologies. The purpose of this investigation is to develop an accurate and reproducible algorithm for sizing tibial plateau allografts based on recipient radiographs.

Design

A cadaveric study was performed in which radiographs of 10 fresh frozen cadaveric knees were compared to measured digital photographs of the disarticulated specimens. By comparing the average distance between standard anatomical landmarks on the radiographs to the gross specimens, a correlation factor was calculated that could be applied to recipient radiograph measurements for more accurate sizing of tibial plateau allografts.

Results

In the coronal plane there were no differences between the mean radiographic and mean morphologic measurements of either the medial or lateral tibial plateau. However, in the sagittal plane the anatomic specimens of the medial and lateral plateau were 90% and 80%, respectively, of the measurements made from the lateral radiograph.

Conclusions

This cadaveric investigation is the first to propose a sizing algorithm for tibial plateau osteochondral allografts. Based on the results, an anteroposterior radiograph can reliably measure the width of both the medial and lateral tibial plateau without any correction needed. The average morphological lengths of the medial and lateral tibial plateau, on the other hand, were found to be 90% and 80%, respectively, of the radiographically measured lengths. Without correction, this would lead to the implantation of oversized grafts that may contribute to early failure.
Age differences in contemporary treatment of patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Veenis Jesse F , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Linssen Gerard CM , Geerlings Peter R , Van Gent Marco WF , Aksoy Ismail , Oosterom Liane , Moons Arno HM , Hoes Arno W , Brugts Jasper J ,   for the CHECK-HF investigators
Published: March 2019

Background

Elderly patients are underrepresented in clinical trials but comprise the majority of heart failure patients. Data on age-specific use of heart failure therapy are limited. The European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines provide no age-specific treatment recommendations. We investigated practice-based heart failure management in a large registry at heart failure outpatient clinics.

Design and methods

We studied 8351 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients at 34 Dutch outpatient clinics between 2013 and 2016. The mean age was 72.3 ± 11.8 years and we divided age into three categories: less than 60 years (13.9%); 60–74 years (36.0%); and 75 years and over (50.2%).

Results

Elderly heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients (≥75 years) received significantly fewer beta-blockers (77.8% vs. 84.2%), renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (75.2% vs. 89.7%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (50.6% vs. 59.6%) and ivabradine (2.9% vs. 9.3%), but significantly more diuretics (88.1% vs. 72.6%) compared to patients aged less than 60 years (Pfor all trends < 0.01). Moreover, the prescribed target dosages were significantly lower in elderly patients. Also, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (18.9% vs. 44.1%) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy device (14.6% vs. 16.7%) implantation rates were significantly lower in elderly patients. A similar trend in drug prescription was observed in patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction as in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Conclusion

With increasing age, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients less often received guideline-recommended medication prescriptions and also in a lower dosage. In addition, a lower percentage of implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronisation therapy device implantation in elderly patients was observed.
“It belongs to the world.” Oil, conservation and futures in the making in Lofoten, Norway
Authors: Karlsson Marianne , Dale Brigt
Published: March 2019

This article analyzes how debates on the potential exploration of petroleum, a World Heritage Application and the establishment of a national park in Lofoten, Northern Norway, have interacted between 2008 and 2017. By using an ontological security perspective on anticipation, we identify and analyze how local responses to petroleum and conservation processes diverge and connect over a cross-cutting set of concerns about the future. Through qualitative interviews and media analyses of local newspapers, we identify four themes of concerns over which the processes interact: the environment, jobs and demographic development, decision-making processes and livelihoods and identities. Our findings show that when played out in the same time period and geographic setting, the seemingly different development proposals of petroleum and conservation have become entangled and embedded in a broader discussion about what constitutes Lofoten today and how the region can be secured in the future. As such, the processes have mirrored each other’s style of anticipation, demonstrated by that petroleum debates span the viability and identity of coastal communities and identities, and by that conservation initiatives focus on economic generation and job creation. We argue that anticipatory practices in Lofoten are funded upon the specific human–nature relationships that characterize the region, emerging through cross-cutting concerns related to the viability of fisheries, the existence of coastal communities and the possibility of self-determination. We approach these concerns as local manifestations of sources of ontological security that influence how any future in the making are imagined, supported and resisted in the region. The article adds new perspectives to current debates on how future development directions are envisioned and enacted locally by underlining the interrelationship between the search for ontological security and anticipatory practices.
Evaluating the feasibility of using candidate DNA barcodes in discriminating species of the large Asteraceae family
Authors: Gao Ting , Yao Hui , Song Jingyuan , Zhu Yingjie , Liu Chang , Chen Shilin
Published: March 2019

Background

Five DNA regions, namely, rbcL, matK, ITS, ITS2, and psbA-trnH, have been recommended as primary DNA barcodes for plants. Studies evaluating these regions for species identification in the large plant taxon, which includes a large number of closely related species, have rarely been reported.

Results

The feasibility of using the five proposed DNA regions was tested for discriminating plant species within Asteraceae, the largest family of flowering plants. Among these markers, ITS2 was the most useful in terms of universality, sequence variation, and identification capability in the Asteraceae family. The species discriminating power of ITS2 was also explored in a large pool of 3,490 Asteraceae sequences that represent 2,315 species belonging to 494 different genera. The result shows that ITS2 correctly identified 76.4% and 97.4% of plant samples at the species and genus levels, respectively. In addition, ITS2 displayed a variable ability to discriminate related species within different genera.

Conclusions

ITS2 is the best DNA barcode for the Asteraceae family. This approach significantly broadens the application of DNA barcoding to resolve classification problems in the family Asteraceae at the genera and species levels.
PTH Modulation by Aldosterone and Angiotensin II is Blunted in Hyperaldosteronism and Rescued by Adrenalectomy
Authors: Lenzini Livia , Prisco Selene , Vanderriele Paul Emmanuel , Lerco Silvia , Torresan Francesca , Maiolino Giuseppe , Seccia Teresa Maria , Iacobone Maurizio , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: March 2019

Context

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between adrenocortical zona glomerulosa and parathyroid gland through mechanisms that remain unexplored.

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that in vivo angiotensin II blockade affects PTH secretion in patients with hypertension and that aldosterone and angiotensim II directly stimulate PTH secretion ex vivo.

Design and Setting

We investigated the changes of serum PTH levels induced by oral captopril (50 mg) administration in patients with primary essential hypertension (EH) and with primary aldosteronism (PA) caused by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) or aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), the latter before and after adrenalectomy. We also exposed primary cultures of human parathyroid cells from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to angiotensin II (10−7 M) and/or aldosterone (10−7 M).

Results

Captopril lowered PTH levels (in nanograms per liter) both in patients with EH (n = 63; 25.9 ± 8.3 baseline vs 24.4 ± 8.0 postcaptopril, P < 0.0001) and in patients with APA after adrenalectomy (n = 27; 26.3 ± 11.6 vs 24.0 ± 9.7 P = 0.021). However, it was ineffective in patients with full-blown PA caused by APA and BAH. In primary culture of human parathyroid cells, both aldosterone (P < 0.001) and angiotensin II (P = 0.002) markedly increased PTH secretion from baseline, by acting through mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin type 1 receptor, as these effects were abolished by canrenone and irbesartan, respectively.

Conclusion

These results collectively suggest an implication of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in PTH regulation in humans, at least in PTH-secreting cells obtained from parathyroid tumors. Moreover, they further support the concept that mild hyperparathyroidism is a feature of human PA that is correctable with adrenalectomy.
Awake Intubation via an Ambu AuraGain in a Patient With Extreme Obesity: A Case Report
Authors: Lim Wan Yen , Teo Constance Ee Hoon , Wong Patrick
Published: March 2019

Severe obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Airway management is challenging due to difficulties in positioning and airway management and altered pulmonary physiology. We report a case of awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation via an Ambu AuraGain in a patient with a body mass index of 54 kg/m2 scheduled for elective thyroidectomy. The procedure was well tolerated and easily performed in the full sitting position for optimal airway and ventilation and cardiovascular stability during intubation. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation via an AuraGain, and we discuss our rationale for using this technique.
Orthotopic Liver Transplant in a Patient Anticoagulated With Rivaroxaban: A Case Report
Authors: Vuilleumier Pascal H. , Nagler Michael , Beldi Guido , Vogt Andreas
Published: March 2019

Direct oral anticoagulants are approved for use in the United States and Europe and are increasingly used in chronic liver disease patients who have or are at risk of thrombotic events. While these drugs are clinically attractive because no monitoring is required, the risks and benefits in patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency who undergo surgery remain unclear. In this report, we describe the perioperative consequences, safety issues, and lessons learned from a patient undergoing an orthotopic liver transplant who was anticoagulated with rivaroxaban due to partial superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.
What Should Be the Tax on Professional Income?
Authors: Смирнов Е. , Smirnov E.
Published: March 2019

Th e Federal Laws of November 27, 2014 No. 422-FZ and of November 27, 2018 No. 425-FZ, which provide for conducting an experiment to establish a special tax regime «Tax on Professional Income», came into force on January 1, 2019.