bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking for a Bookstore in Town: Intellectual Readers and the Death of “Gutenberg Galaxy”
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym W.
Published: December 2021

The author analyses the problems of erosion of the book culture and the role of bookishness in the contemporary Western and Russian identities. While analysing the processes of disappearance and displacement of bookshops, the author presumes that culture of bookstores and communication subcultures in them cannot compete with networks and e-commerce. It is assumed that the logic of capitalism favours the progress of on-line bookstores, specialising in the serial and mass literature while independent bookstores prefer to sell intellectual, non-fiction, and academic books that are not interesting to consumer readers of mass culture. The author tries to analyse causes of private non-mass bookstores crisis. The author believes that intellectuals of 2000s were optimistic in their prognosis for the development of bookstores as spaces of cultural initiatives. By the end of 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the number of independent bookstores decreased significantly when on-line bookstores occupied their place. It is assumed that the cultures of reading, book collections, personal libraries lost the positions they held in the 20th century and even in the first decade of the 21st century. The author presumes that independent bookstores became cultural ghettos and intellectual reservations, when net bookstores became successful actors of the mass culture. In general, it is predicted that heterogeneous, regionally localised minority book cultures and reading strategies of the New Medievalism may replace the “mass” book as a cultural institution of a modern political imagined communities as elements of the dying Gutenberg Galaxy with its heterogeneous national identities.
Review of the Book “Historical Memory in Social Media” by Sophia Tikhonova, Denis Artamonov
Authors: Dydrov Artur A.
Published: December 2021

The subject of review is the book “Historical Memory in Social Media” by Sofya Tikhonova and Denis Artamonov. In the book, the authors focus on the design and specification of the production of images of the past on the Internet and the gaming industry, referring to various materials, from text “fake” messages and memes to computer games. Research is not limited to the description of empirical data. The supporting structure of the research is the author's concept of digital history and digital philosophy of history. Research optics is aimed at determining the status of the digital subject of history, which seems to be an acute anthropological and socio-philosophical problem. The book discusses the issues of modification of the politics of memory, the production of “fakes”, the connotation of historical events, the trend of miniaturization of history and the crisis of great narratives. Considerable attention is paid to the everyday everyday practices of information production, woven into the context of “history making”. The review pays attention to all the main structural parts of the book and reproduces the logical sequence of the key ideas of the text. With references to the original author's text, the reviewer also gives his own interpretations of the conceptual and terminological innovations of the book, and also focuses on some controversial aspects of the research.
The Place of Chinese Doramas in the Russian Socio-Cultural Landscape
Authors: Lixia Zhou
Published: December 2021

The increasing interest of people around the world towards the popular cultures of China, Korea and Japan leads researchers to question how these countries influence the socio-cultural spaces of other countries through the export of their mass culture products.

This study focuses on the analysis of Chinese doramas in the Russian sociocultural space. The increasing number of online fan communities, the activity of translators and dubbers of Chinese TV series, and the widespread use of the Internet in Russia make Chinese dramas easily accessible to a wide audience. Using quantitative methods, the author of the study came to the conclusion that people in Russia are very interested in Asian cultures, and audiences of Asian TV series are growing at a tremendous rate every year. While Korean dramas remain the most popular in Russia, Chinese serials have great competitive potential against their Korean and Japanese counterparts.

This article may be useful to all researchers of mass and popular culture and television series.
Can a natural singing voice be enhanced through digital processing? Implications of voice training and vocology in singers
Authors: Cha Junseo , Choi Seong Hee , Choi Chul-Hee
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The traditional way of facilitating a good singing voice has been achieved through rigorous voice training. In modern days, however, there are some aspects of the singing voice that can be enhanced through digital processing. Although in the past, the frequency or intensity manipulations had to be achieved through the various singing techniques of the singer, technology today allows the singing voice to be enhanced from the instruments within recording studios. In essence, the traditional voice pedagogy and the evolution of digital audio processing both strive to achieve a better quality of the singing voice, but with different methods. Nevertheless, the major aspects of how the singing voice can be manipulated are not communicated among the professionals in each field.
Objective. This paper offers insights as to how the quality of the singing voice can be changed physiologically through the traditional ways of voice training, and also digitally through various instruments that are now available in recording studios.
Reflection. The ways in which singers train their voice must be mediated with the audio technology that is available today. Although there are aspects in which digital technology can aid the singer’s voice, there remain areas in which the singers must train their singing system at a physiological level to produce a better singing voice.
Auditory-vocal integration impairment: New challenges and opportunities for voice assessment and therapy
Authors: Castillo-Allendes Adrián , Contreras-Ruston Francisco , Searl Jeff
Published: December 2021

This reflection paper addresses the importance of the interaction between voice perception and voice production, emphasizing the processes of auditory-vocal integration that are not yet widely reported in the context of voice clinicians. Given the above, this article seeks to 1) highlight the important link between voice production and voice perception and 2) consider whether this relationship might be exploited clinically for diagnostic purposes and therapeutic benefit. Existing theories on speech production and its interaction with auditory perception provide context for discussing why the evaluation of auditory-vocal processes could help identify associated origins of dysphonia and inform the clinician around appropriate management strategies. Incorporating auditory-vocal integration assessment through sensorimotor adaptation paradigm testing could prove to be an important addition to voice assessment protocols at the clinical level. Further, if future studies can specify the means to manipulate and enhance a person’s auditory-vocal integration, the efficiency of voice therapy could be increased, leading to improved quality of life for people with voice disorders.
Singing Voice Therapy Revisited
Authors: Denizoglu Ilter , Sahin Orhon Elif
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Singing is a type of sportive activity and, like sports medicine, professional voice medicine is interested in the habilitation and rehabilitation of the vocal performer. The vocal needs of the professional vocal performer may not be similar to other professional or non-professional voice users. Like a professional athlete, a vocal performer’s ability to perform for many decades at a high level will be enhanced by basing artistic and lifestyle decisions on a scientifically sound foundation.
Objective. The aim of this study is to present a multidimensional introduction to the methods of SVT, incorporating the principles of sport and exercise medicine, and physical therapy and rehabilitation.
Reflection. Singing voice therapy needs to provide answers to “what”, “why”, “how”, and “when” questions. SVT must first correctly identify the problem, leading to the “how to do” solutions for a wide variety of cases, followed by a schedule of prescribed activities including answers to the “why” question (which exercise relates to which muscle). The periodization and motor learning principles provide a temporal answer to the “when” question when developing habilitation and/or rehabilitative protocols.
Conclusion. Singing is not only an artistic expression but also a sportive performance. The clinical approach to the professional voice is a multidimensional and multi-layered team effort. All practices are structured by blending scientific and pedagogical knowledge.
Dictamen médico legal de un análisis de voz, ¿cómo hacerlo?
Authors: Méndez Martínez César Antonio
Published: December 2021

La acústica forense es una disciplina de la criminalística que ha alcanzado una madurez analítica que obliga a que el perito en análisis de voz se especialice en adquirir conocimientos en fonética, tecnologías de sonido, habla, voz, lenguaje, patologías del habla y la voz, así como procesamiento de la señal sonora. Cuando un dictamen deba ser realizado por un profesional de la salud completamente ajeno a la técnica legal, se tropieza con una falta de protocolos, métodos y procedimientos de trabajo que le permitan entregar un informe técnico, válido y validado para la realización de una entrevista y su posterior análisis comparativo de voces, lo que promueve la necesidad de elaborar una ruta o guía metodológica a través de medios académicos físicos o electrónicos para el desarrollo de este conocimiento y su difusión profesional y científica.
Impacto en la calidad de vida del tratamiento de disfonía espasmódica aductora con toxina botulínica A
Authors: Oliva Guerrero Carolina , Barahona Acevedo Luis , Castro Arenas Javiera , Olavarría Leiva Christian
Published: December 2021

Introducción. La distonía laríngea o disfonía espasmódica se caracteriza por contracciones involuntarias de los músculos laríngeos internos que se desencadenan al hablar, siendo la forma aductora la más frecuente. La inyección de toxina botulínica es el manejo de elección. Para evaluar la respuesta a la terapia existen varios instrumentos validados, uno de ellos es el cuestionario Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a los pacientes con disfonía espasmódica aductora y evaluar el impacto de la toxina en su calidad de vida.
Método. Éste se centró en un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de disfonía espasmódica aductora tratados con toxina botulínica A, en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUC), en el periodo comprendido entre 2013 y 2021. El mismo permitió la obtención de los datos epidemiológicos de los pacientes, a quienes se les solicitó responder la encuesta VHI-10 previo y posterior a un mes de cada inyección de la toxina.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 55 pacientes (218 procedimientos). La dosis promedio utilizada fue de 9,18 UI con un intervalo promedio de 7,4 meses. El puntaje VHI-10 promedio en la evaluación inicial fue de 29,4 y posinfiltración de 14,96, siendo esta diferencia significativa (p < 0,000001). En nuestra serie casi un tercio tiene asociada alguna patología neurológica, y se reportó un 3,67% de complicaciones leves y transitorias.
Conclusión. La disfonía espasmódica aductora tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, que se reduce significativamente mediante la inyección de toxina botulínica A, procedimiento que ha demostrado ser seguro y eficaz.
Disfonía por tensión muscular: concepto y criterios diagnósticos
Authors: Fernández Medina Raquel Arely
Published: December 2021

Introducción. La disfonía por tensión muscular fue definida, desde 1983, como un desorden que ocasiona un desbalance en las fuerzas de tensión muscular laríngea sin evidencia de patología estructural o neurológica. Denominado también disfonía por tensión muscular, tipo 1, este desorden aún no tiene estandarizadas las características que en la práctica han sido consideradas parte de su diagnóstico.
Objetivo. Revisar la información actual, no mayor a cinco años, sobre disfonía por tensión muscular para unificar criterios y diagnósticos actuales.
Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática a través de las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Cochrane. Los términos MESH utilizados fueron: disfonía por tensión muscular, disfonía funcional, disfonía hipercinética y fatiga vocal. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en revistas arbitradas, sin importancia del diseño y antigüedad no mayor a cinco años. Criterios de exclusión: artículos cuyo enfoque principal no fuera disfonía por tensión muscular y con idioma diferente al inglés o español.
Resultados. Dos estudios refieren mayor patología en mujeres que hombres; cuatro investigaciones reportan presión subglótica aumentada (>90 mmHg); tres trabajos reportaron medidas fonatorias; un trabajo propone video de alta resolución como demostración de hiperfunción vocal; una investigación evaluó onda mucosa por electroglotografía; una investigación estudió el uso de resonancia magnética funcional; otro trabajo propuso un estudio piloto de evaluación de flujo sanguíneo de músculos infrahioideos. Otro trabajo hace una revisión del uso de métodos diagnósticos.
Conclusiones. Los parámetros de mayor peso fueron pico cepstral y presión subglótica. Aún es necesario ampliar el conocimiento con nuevas investigaciones que permitan criterios universales.
Equilibrio en un mercado oligopólico con una firma dominante en el mercado de las tarjetas de pago
Authors: Escobar Elexpuru Gonzalo , Valdés de la Fuente Iván
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es validar la existencia de poder de mercado ejercido por una firma integrada verticalmente en el mercado de procesamiento de operaciones realizadas mediante tarjetas de pago. La metodología usada se basa en el análisis de la variación de ese indicador como resultado de la potencial entrada de una franja de firmas en el mercado de la afiliación de comercios, lo que presiona a un mayor nivel de competencia distribuidor en la industria. Para lograr lo anterior, se utiliza como modelo a seguir una estructura oligopólica donde hay una empresa líder y una franja de empresas que compiten con esta, es decir, el trabajo está basado en un juego a la Stackelberg, buscando una estimación econométrica de forma indirecta a través de la elasticidad de demanda residual. Como resultado es que se obtiene para el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2013 a mayo de 2020, un poder de mercado que evoluciona de forma directa con la cuota de mercado de la firma líder del mercado, siendo los niveles igual a 1.14% a 114.35%, siendo este último valor el que predomina en la práctica en dicho mercado.
Four Studies on Antitrust Enforcement and Foreign Investment Activities
Authors: Zhang Nan
Published: December 2021

Motivated by the potential for antitrust policy to contribute to de-globalization by deterring FDI, my dissertation studies how MNEs respond to the increased antitrust enforcement when engaging in foreign investment activities after the global financial crisis of 2008. I employ multi-level data on U.S. antitrust enforcement (industry-level), inward-FDI (industry-level), cross-border M&As (firm-level), and Greenfield FDI (firm-level) in the U.S. markets over 2002–2017 for empirical testing. The findings support my theoretical priors that U.S. antitrust enforcement increases after the global financial crisis, deters aggregated inward-FDI and foreign-acquirer-presence in local M&A markets, and attracts Greenfield FDI.
FATHER BONDING AND BULLYING IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / VÄTERLICHE BINDUNG UND BULLING IN KINDERN MIT BEHINDERUNGEN
Authors: Charmpatsis Christos , Tzoumanika Vasiliki , Morfidi Eleni , Soulis Spyridon-Georgios , Sarris Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

In recent years, school bullying has been on the rise, but it is not a new phenomenon. While bullying at school is not a recent phenomenon, it has received a great deal of scientific attention over the last three decades. School bullying is now a prevalent phenomenon around the world and transcends socio-economic, racial and cultural boundaries. At the same time, the father-child relationship is very important, because it contributes to the formation of the child's personality. The main purpose of this research is to investigate whether father attachment makes people with disabilities, such as blindness, deafness and motor disability, but also without disabilities, perpetrators or victims of school bullying and the effect of demographic characteristics on the sample. The sample consists of 170 people aged 10-21 years who live in Greece. The study involved 36 people with blindness, 38 people with deafness, 50 people with motor disabilities and 50 people without disabilities. The results highlighted the pretty important relationship between paternal attachment and school bullying in the various groups of the sample and also showed that father care and father protection are predicting factors of their behaviors. The present research effort complements the research of Charmpatsis et al. (2021) on maternal attachment and bullying and focuses mainly on paternal attachment and bullying.

 

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ANXIETY DISORDERS AND THE FREQUENCY OF NEGATIVE THOUGHTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT SPECIAL LEARNING DISABILITIES
Authors: Vasiliki Giannouli , Dimitrios Sarris , Pagona Alexoudi
Published: December 2021

Special Learning Disabilities (SLD) are often accompanied by negative thoughts of self-assessment, deficits in social interactions and psycho-emotional problems as well, which hinder the development and the smooth integration of children diagnosed with SLD into their environment. This research attempts to investigate the association of negative self-assessment thoughts and anxiety disorders with Special Learning Disabilities in a sample of sixty Greek-speaking children in 4th, 5th and 6th grades with and without SLD, including their parents. The tools used for this purpose are the Children’s Automatic Thoughts Scale (CATS), and the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS-CH) self-report questionnaire, which assess anxiety disorders. Parents were asked to answer the corresponding Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parents Edition (SCAS-P) symptom-monitoring questionnaire. According to the results compared to their normal development peers, children with SLD had a higher incidence of negative thoughts, which is more likely to lead to symptoms of anxiety disorders; their parents in fact were able to perceive the severity or frequency of these symptoms in their children. In addition, the frequency of negative thoughts and symptoms related to anxiety disorders seemed to be influenced by the student’s condition (with or without SLD), but not by gender and age. 

 

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FRIENDSHIP FORMATION BETWEEN VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND NON-VISUALLY IMPAIRED PUPILS IN SELECTED INCLUSIVE BASIC SCHOOLS IN GHANA
Authors: Awini Adam
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study was to describe the nature of friendships formations that exists between pupils with visual impairment and their non-visually impaired peers in 3 inclusive schools in Ghana. I adopted a phenomenology research design in recruiting 14 pupils with visual impairment in this study. One-on-one interviews were used to collect data for the study. Using thematic analysis, data from the one-on-one interviews were manually analyzed via themes that emerged from the data. Results from the study showed that there existed some levels of friendships between the non-visually impaired and non-non-visually impaired pupils in the schools and this friendship formations centred on assistance provided by the non-visually impaired. While some of the pupils noted that they mutually engaged in positive relationship with non-visually impaired, some thought otherwise and yet others described it as only perfunctory. I recommended that educational authorities in Ghana should put in place, a policy in schools that will solely focus on the formation of friendship between pupils who are visually impaired and the non-visually impaired. Teachers should help develop the capacity of both pupils with and without visual impairments to make and maintain stable and satisfying friendships through play and group activities.

 

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SOCIAL INTERACTION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING STUDENTS IN CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Tenerife Janine Joy L. , Peteros Emerson D. , Manreal Susana D. , Pinili Lilibeth C. , Vera John V. de , Peconcillo Jesilyn D. , Saladaga Lindley S.
Published: December 2021

This research assessed the social interaction and the academic performance of the deaf and hard of hearing students in a school for the deaf in Cebu City, Philippines. There were 49 respondents who were assessed in terms of their social interaction and academic performance. A survey questionnaire was used to assess the level of their social interaction and their grades were used to measure their academic performance. Data gathered were treated statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the respondents had an average age of 19.5 years old that are deaf with 3 to 4 siblings. The respondents had high social interaction with their teachers and peers but had moderate social interaction with their family members and very low social interaction with the hearing students. They perform satisfactorily in school. There were significant relationships between their interaction with their family members and the hearing students. Thus, school administrators are encouraged to design programs that would improve the social interactions of the deaf and hard of hearing students within the school community and at home. 

 

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ARE GREEK SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN FAVOUR OF THE INCLUSION OF PUPILS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY? AN ONLINE SURVEY
Authors: Lappa Christina S. , Mantzikos Constantinos N.
Published: December 2021

Few studies have been conducted in Greece focusing on the inclusion of pupils with Intellectual Disability (ID) in general classes. The aim of this quantitative study was to explore the attitudes of Special Education Teachers (SETs or SET) towards the inclusion of pupils with ID in general classes. A structured questionnaire was sent out. It consisted of 10 demographic questions and of 6 structured closed-ended questions about the inclusion of this group of pupils in general classes, using a 5-point Likert scale. The study sample consisted of 150 SETs [129 (86%) females and 21 (14%) males]. The questionnaire data were analysed via descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS version 21). The results of the research showed that the majority of SETs had a positive attitude towards the fact that the special and general education teacher should jointly adapt the classroom according to the needs of the pupil with ID and that inclusive education is appropriate for these pupils. The SETs had a neutral to positive attitude about whether pupils with ID should be educated in general settings with pupils without disabilities and whether they should be removed less frequently from general education settings in order to be given more help with their difficulties. Finally, there were some dependent variables that played a major role in participants' responses, such as education, work experience, work and the structure of employment. In conclusion, SETs point out that they are in favour of the inclusion of pupils with ID. Finally, the results of the study are discussed. 

 

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O BELO (IN)VISÍVEL DA CRIANÇA ALBINA NA LITERATURA INFANTOJUVENIL
Authors: Araújo Solange de Sousa
Published: December 2021

O texto traz uma reflexão sobre o significado do “belo” contido nos livros de literatura infantil inclusiva: Sabrina: a menina albina, da autora Celina Bezerra; Pedrinho: o menino albino de Patrícia Prado e A menina sem cor, de Fernanda Emediato. Para isso, utilizamos algumas provocações referentes à beleza, contidas no livro: O fantástico mistério da Feiurinha, de Pedro Bandeira. Temos como objetivo apresentar aos novos pesquisadores, possibilidades alternativas para se olhar a beleza, referente às crianças albinas. Em um mundo marcado pela diversidade, não existe uma beleza, senão várias. As pessoas albinas são branquinhas, de olhos claros, mas não estão no contexto do midiático, por essa razão óbvia, são discriminadas e postas à margem. Metodologicamente, fazemos análise qualitativa do conteúdo dos livros para falarmos sobre aspectos subjetivos e fenômenos sociais relacionados às pessoas albinas e a forma como vivem em um mundo marcado pelo preconceito. Este trabalho representa o  desejo de inserir os temas do albinismo nas discussões acadêmicas, contribuindo para ampliar o conhecimento pela causa albina, na educação, na saúde e despertar o interesse em saber quem são as pessoas albinas, para assim amenizar ou extinguir o preconceito com esse “povo branquinho”.
ESCOLHI SER ALBINO: entrevista com Roberto Rillo Bíscaro
Authors: Bíscaro Roberto Rillo , Santos Amanda Cristina Rodrigues
Published: December 2021

Roberto Rillo Bíscaro é professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo. Possui graduação em letras (licenciatura plena) pela Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Penápolis (1993), mestrado em língua e literaturas inglesas e norte-americana (2002) e doutorado em estudos linguísticos e literários em inglês (2006), ambos pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP). É ativista e autor do livro: Escolhi ser albino (2012), uma das primeiras obras no Brasil a falar sobre albinismo e identidade. A entrevista foi realizada e transcrita por Amanda Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos, pessoa albina, no dia nove de setembro de 2021. Por meio de um bate papo, no qual se aborda sua trajetória, o entrevistado — também pessoa albina — fala um pouco sobre sua vida, da infância à fase adulta, rememorando seus medos, anseios e superações, além de narrar um pouco sobre sua vida profissional em meio aos desafios impostos pela sociedade.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Boaes Giovanni , Aragão Adailton
Published: December 2021

Apresentação do número 27 da Revista Caos.
Entendiendo las interacciones poblacionales, histológicas-citológicas, y moleculares de P. striiformis tritici y el trigo para prevenir la roya amarilla usando genes de resistência
Authors: Heredia Valeria Carolina Moreno
Published: December 2021

La roya amarilla es una de las enfermedades más devastadoras del trigo a nivel mundial. Esta es causada por el hongo Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst), el cual, debido a su  gran capacidad migratoria, adaptación y niveles altos de mutación, está amenazando la seguridad alimentaria del trigo en todas las zonas donde se lo cultiva. Varias estrategias han sido implementadas para controlar su esparcimiento, pero se ha demostrado que la mejor es el mejoramiento genético. La clave para desarrollar cultivares resistentes, es el entendimiento de las interacciones entre el trigo y Pst. Este trabajo está enfocado en sintetizar las investigaciones realizadas en los últimos 30 años en cuanto a interacciones trigo-Pst, separándolos en categorías, para lograr un entendimiento a nivel  poblacional, celular y molecular. Este trabajo encontró que no todos los genes de resistencia de raza-específica son vencidos por el patógeno rápidamente, Yr5 y Yr15 son la excepción. Igualmente, no todos los genes de resistencia de plantas adultas se expresan en la etapa adulta, Yr36, también lo hace en plántulas. Además, la fase temprana de infección, en cultivares susceptibles y resistentes, es igual cualitativamente, pero no cuantitativamente; una diferencia clara en ambos niveles, empieza 48 horas post infección. El haustorio no solamente absorbe nutrientes del huésped; también puede manipular el metabolismo de éste para su beneficio y además puede elaborar algunos nutrientes para sí mismo. Este trabajo ayudará a entender las interacciones trigo-Pst de una manera globalizada, pero sintetizada a todas las personas interesadas en mantener la seguridad alimentaria del trigo.
MANIPULATIVE SPEECH: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
Authors: Gasparyan Seda , Harutyunyan Rafayel
Published: December 2021

Manipulation is one of the concepts that needs a more in-depth theoretical and practical examination. It is employed in many areas of life, including personal and social matters, intellectual and professional pursuits, and, of course, politics. This paper is an approach, the purpose of which is to study the concept of manipulation as a psychological and linguistic phenomenon where the central emphasis is on the manipulative techniques and tactics that are utilized for various reasons such as illegitimate domination and social abuse. At this level of investigation we find it essential to illustrate different approaches to the study of this phenomenon as well as certain dictionary definitions to be able to fully perceive and comprehend the properties of manipulation.
SARCASM AS A BREACH OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS: SOME THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Authors: Danielyan Hayk
Published: December 2021

The current paper is devoted to the analysis of sarcasm as a breach of principles of politeness. The aim of the paper is to elicit the peculiarities of sarcasm as an exception to the Politeness Principle suggested by G. Leech (2014) and its conversational function incorporated into the Irony Principle as mock politeness. The Politeness Principle demonstrates that sarcasm is apparently its exploitation as in the case of sarcastic utterances the illocutionary goal opposes the social goal thus providing breach in the model of politeness. The Irony Principle illustrates an explanation of polite utterances appearing as impolite arguing that polite interpretations of such utterances are unsustainable. To support the theory certain examples are analyzed retrieved from an American Depression-era author John Dos Passos’s novel “1919”. As a matter of fact, the debate is around the question whether sarcasm is an apparent exploitation of polite implicature of utterances or it is a category of impoliteness appearing as mock politeness.
INTERPRETATION OF OMITTED WORDS OR THE UNSAID INFORMATION IN EMILY DICKINSON’S POETRY
Authors: Yaghubyan Marina
Published: December 2021

The use of omissions by Emily Dickinson is one of the major characteristics of her poetry. She tried to reach maximum ellipsis and achieve the tightest structural compression. The unique feature in her use of omission is that most of the unsaid information in her poems is portrayed with the help of dashes. They indicate a missing word, phrase, emphasize a break, or they depict a sudden change in thought. Throughout the author's writing, the imagery and metaphors are drawn from her observations of nature and imagination. Emily’s use of specific words resulted in one - inability of comprehending her poetry with just one reading. The present article focuses on the examination of the omitted words in Emily Dickinson’s poetry. The analysis shows that she refined and removed inessential language and punctuation from her poetry. In many of her poems, abstract concepts and material things are used to describe one another, but the relationship between them remains elusive and uncertain.
ORWELLIAN IDENTITY IN STYLE
Authors: Gasparyan Gayane , Karapetyan Hasmik
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on transformations which occur in Russian and Armenian translations of G. Orwell’s allegorical novella Animal Farm with special reference to pragma-stylistic analysis of both the source and the target texts. The aim of the analysis is to reveal the so-called Orwellian identity in style and to determine the means of its manifestation in both translations. Viewed from the perspective of pragmatic analysis of the original and the target texts, the Russian translation can be characterized by unnecessary additions to the plain text and tends to be pompous in some cases while the Armenian translation is closer to the style of the source text and tends to remain faithful to its intent. At large, both the Armenian and Russian versions of the fable have retained the chief pragmatic orientation and have almost the same impact on the target reader as the original one: persuasive message, rhetorical narration, manipulative nature.
THE USE OF THORACOPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Ivanov Andrey V. , Malov Alexey A. , Kichigin Vadim A. , Ivanov Vasily A. , Tarasova Larisa V.
Published: December 2021

Despite a decrease in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Russian Federation in recent years, among the newly diagnosed patients there remains a significant proportion of patients with bacterial excretion and destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, surgical treatment is often the only possible method for saving lives. We studied the results of extrapleural posterosuperior thoracoplasty in 42 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients who received medicamentous therapy. The mortality rate for 3 years of follow-up in the conservative treatment group was 36.7%, in the surgical treatment group it was 23.8%, p = 0.237. Among patients with more than 2 years of disease experience, mortality was 45% in the main group, 88% in the comparison group, p = 0.070. In the absence of drug resistance, mortality in the main group was 4%, that in the comparison group – 14.2%, p = 0.283. Mortality in individuals with normal body weight was lower in the group of patients who underwent thoracoplasty than in the comparison group: 17.6% vs. 33.3% (p = 0.202). Among those who did not achieve sputum negative reaction, mortality was lower, and passing to the 3rd group of dispensary care was more common in the surgical treatment group – 41.7% vs. 71.4% (p = 0.077) and 33.3% vs. 21.4% (p = 0.426). Among patients with drug resistance or low body weight or unachieved sputum negative reaction, mortality rates were comparable in both groups. Thus, thoracoplasty, in comparison with conservative therapy, makes it possible to improve treatment results in patients regardless of the length of the disease in groups with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive process, with normal body weight, with preservation of elimination of bacilli. The effectiveness of thoracoplasty decreases in patients with an increase in the disease duration.
EVALUATION OF PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES OF TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, TLA_RU SYSTEMS IN THE ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID NODULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir G. , Timofeeva Lyubov A. , Alekseev Sergey V. , Yusova Marina A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic capabilities of EU-TIRADS, TIRADS, TLA_RU systems in ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid nodular masses. A retrospective independent continuous blind study of ultrasound examination protocols was conducted in 665 patients, 241 patients had benign non-cancerous thyroid diseases, 86 patients had benign tumors (adenomas), 338 patients had thyroid cancer. During the preoperative examination, all patients underwent a multiparametric ultrasound examination of the neck organs according to the standard procedure, with the registration of identified thyroid nodes, with examining the prognostic capabilities of stratification systems – TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, TLA_RU. It was found that the TIRADS system has a sensitivity of 91.04%, specificity – 91.41%. Focusing on the scale of AUC values reflecting the quality of the diagnostic test, it can be stated that TIRADS is a test with excellent quality (AUC =0.972). Basing on the results of the analyzing the data obtained by the EU-TIRADS system, it was revealed that it is a high-quality test (AUC=0.826), but its predictive capabilities are worse than those of TIRADS. The original TLA_RU model has 87.5% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity. During the ROC analysis, it was found that the AUC is equal to 0.954±0.00894, which suggests that the TLA_RU model is an excellent quality test in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular masses. Multivariate statistical comparative analysis of thyroid imaging assessment systems (TIRADS, EU-TIRADS and TLA_RU) from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine has shown that thyroid cancer risk stratification systems based on the assessment of multiparametric ultrasound signs have great diagnostic capabilities.
EXPERIENCE OF USING ENAMEL MATRIX PROTEIN IN COMBINATION WITH A CORONARY ADVANCED FLAP AND A CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT TO ELIMINATE GUM RECESSION
Authors: Nikitina Louise I. , Mukhamedzhanova Lyubov R. , Gromova Anna S.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the experience of complex managing a patient with gum recession in the area of the maxillary premolars. Periodontal treatment of gum recession consisted of initial therapy, including supra- and subgingival scaling, root planing, pharmacotherapeutic support (broad-spectrum antiseptics, drugs that stimulate regeneration), surgical combined method based on the use of enamel matrix protein to stimulate regenerative processes. The clinical material Emdogaine is a combination of an enamel matrix derivative and propylene glycol alginate, which performs the function of a carrier. Biora company has been producing it for more than 20 years (Emdogain, BIORA): now the rights to this material belong to Straumann). This preparation was developed to stimulate regeneration of periodontal tissues. Amelogenin is a specific enamel protein capable of stimulating regeneration of lost periodontal tissues by influencing cell differentiation. Dental cement is an osteoid connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth and serves to attach periodontal fibers. Application of an enamel matrix derivative to the sanitized root surface leads to regeneration of non-cellular cement and to the formation of periodontal tissues, which was observed in our study. Transplantation of free connective tissue grafts to eliminate gum recessions makes it possible to effectively eliminate gum recession in most clinical cases (complete root coverage, an increase in the level of clinical attachment from the keratinized attached gum area). In our clinical case, free grafts were obtained in the donor area of the maxillary tuberosity. Transplantation of free connective tissue grafts provides an aesthetic result and is currently considered a standard technique for eliminating gum recession. According to the clinical study, a combined use of connective tissue grafts and the enamel matrix derivative, an additional use of enamel matrix derivative enabled to obtain a satisfactory result and to improve the appearance of the dentition. Such combined surgeries are indicated in an aesthetically significant area. The described materials, methods and stages of patient's follow up can serve as the basis for the protocol of managing patients with gum recession.
PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS INVOLVONG THE HEART: CLINICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Opalinskaya Irina V. , Danilova Galina V. , Isaeva Natalya Yu. , Petrova Ekaterina S. , Busalaeva Elena I. , Vasilieva Nina P. , Sergeev Alexander V.
Published: December 2021

Primary amyloidosis is a disease with a complex and not fully understood pathogenesis, which is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. Light chain amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. At this, the heart is the dominant target organ in systemic amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis (amyloid cardiomyopathy) is most often manifested by diastolic heart failure resulting from restrictive cardiomyopathy. Therapy of amyloid cardiopathy includes optimal treatment of heart failure and chemotherapy. To reduce the symptoms of heart failure, diuretics are the main means, since other pathogenetic agents cannot be used due to hypotension and a possible decrease in cardiac output. With the introduction of new medicinal products into clinical practice, such as the proteosome inhibitor Bortezomib, the prognosis for patients has improved. However, amyloidosis remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE THE LIFE QUALITY OF THE ELDERLY AND TO EASE THE CAREGIVERS BURDEN
Authors: Gurianova Evgenia A. , Rechapova Enje E. , Sidyakina Ekaterina S.
Published: December 2021

In the modern world, the number of elderly people with various diseases is growing, they need an appropriate care. Care implementation requires special knowledge, mental and economic expenditures. Ensuring a decent old age for the elderly is one of the problems of modern society. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is a multidimensional interdisciplinary diagnostic process for assessing the physical, psychological, functional and socio-economic problems of elderly people in order to develop a comprehensive individual plan for their treatment and rehabilitation. Comprehensive geriatric assessment benefits the elderly population, but the effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment to improve the life quality of the elderly remains unclear. The article provides an overview of studies devoted to studying the effectiveness of using comprehensive geriatric assessment. The article discusses the influence of a comprehensive geriatric assessment on determining the life quality of the elderly, the duration of their stay in the hospital, and relieving the caregivers' burden. In addition, the influence of a comprehensive geriatric assessment on the ability to determine life expectancy, to conduct early diagnosis of major geriatric syndromes, the risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients is being considered. It is important that on the basis of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, appropriate rehabilitation programs can be drawn up, and technologies for rehabilitation can be determined.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ALGORITHM FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INTRACYSTIC BREAST CANCER AND CYSTIC MASTOPATHY
Authors: Borsukov Aleksey V. , Arabachyan Mariam I.
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most important problems of modern oncology. Intracystic cancer in the structure of malignant breast neoplasms belongs to one of the most rare forms and is a variant of intraductal papillary cancer. The issues of early diagnosis of this pathology remain controversial today. The aim of this work was to improve the algorithm of differential diagnosis of intracystic breast cancer and cystic mastopathy. Within the framework of this study, we examined 153 female patients of the prospective group with suspected breast cyst cancer and analyzed the results of examinations carried out for 59 patients of the retrospective group who were examined and treated for intracystic breast cancer in the period from 2010 to 2015 on the basis of Smolensk Regional Oncological Clinical Dispensary. The standard algorithm for examining the patients with suspected intracystic breast cancer in the framework of this study included multiparametric ultrasound (ultrasound in B-mode, ultrasonic Doppler examination, strain elastography, shear wave elastography) and fine needle aspiration puncture biopsy according to our improved technique with subsequent evaluation of the new algorithm's effectiveness. We drew conclusions on low sensitivity and specificity of the traditional algorithm for examining patients with suspected intracystic breast cancer, about a greater effectiveness of the improved algorithm for this diagnosis and advisability to use fine needle aspiration puncture biopsy using the ozone-oxygen mixture to improve the diagnosis of intracystic cancer at the preoperative stage.
Clinical and radiological assessment of the condition of implants with fixed structures in the dynamics of 20-year follow-up
Authors: Olesov EE , Ivanov AS , Zaslavskiy RS , Ragulin AV , Romanov AS
Published: December 2021

The statistically significant long-term results of the implant survival and the effectiveness of prostheses are inadequately represented in scientific literature. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of prosthetics with fixed structures on the intraosseous dental implants for the replacement of partially absent dentition in the dynamics of the 20-year follow-up. A total of 671 patients with partially missing teeth were examined at the Clinical Center of Dentistry of the FMBA of Russia, who were fitted with 1,700 intraosseous titanium dental implants with the terms from the moment of completion of prosthetics on implants of 5, 10, 15 or 20 years. The criteria for clinical and radiological evaluation of the implant condition were as follows: no complications affecting the condition of periimplant tissues (normal), mucositis, periimplantitis with bone resorption at 1/3 or 1/2 of the implant height, implant removal. Based on 20 years of experience, prosthetics with fixed structures on implants is highly effective in replacing the partial defects of dentition. In total, 62.2% of implants remain functional for 20 years. The average life of implant-supported fixed prostheses is 15 years for bridges, and 20 years for single and combined implant-supported crowns. The most effective are single implant-supported crowns, and the least effective are prostheses supported by implants and teeth. The significantly preserved implant-supported prostheses make it possible to support the concept of the long-term implant installation with respect to the implant-supported non-removable prostheses. The view is thus confirmed that the effectiveness of the implant-supported prosthetics is reduced with the inclusion of teeth in the bridge support, along with implants.
Long-term immunity alterations in the employees of the high hydrogen sulfide content gas condensate processing facility
Authors: Boiko OV , Dotsenko YuI
Published: December 2021

The current measures for protection of the gas processing plant employees cannot fully prevent the impact of pollutants. Evaluation of the immune system is one of the methods for monitoring of the employees' health, and testing the system of measures used to improve the working conditions. The study was aimed to identify alterations in the immune status of the employees at the gas processing and high hydrogen sulfide content condensate processing facility depending on their working experience. The working environment and the employees' immune system were evaluated by standard methods. Pollutants were detected with the Bruel & Kjaer 1302 Multi-Gas Monitor, and the Tsvet-550 gas chromatographer. A total of 160 employees and 81 controls (blood donors of the regional blood transfusion station) were surveyed. The immune system was evaluated using the System 9000 Plus hematological analyser, Cyto FLEX LX flow cytometer, UNICO 2100UV specrophotometer, and KFK-3-03-ZОМЗ photometer. It was concluded that the existing complex of occupational and industrial hazards affects the immune status of the main production unit employees, which is reflected in the decreased CD20 levels and increased CD8 levels along with the constant levels of CD4. Correlations were revealed between the immuniglobuline level alterations, decrease in the phagocytic index and phagocytic number, as well in lysozyme activity, and the working experience. Pollutant exposure results in altered immunity of the employees, which could be considered the adaptation mechanism.