bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prominin-1 Knockdown Causes RPE Degeneration in a Mouse Model
Authors: Bhattacharya Sujoy , Yang Tzushan Sharon , Nabit Bretton P. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Rex Tonia S. , Chaum Edward
Published: October 2024

There are currently no effective treatments for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell loss in atrophic AMD (aAMD). However, our research on Prominin-1 (Prom1), a known structural protein in photoreceptors (PRs), has revealed its distinct role in RPE and offers promising insights. While pathogenic Prom1 mutations have been linked to macular diseases with RPE atrophy, the broader physiological impact of dysfunctional Prom1 in RPE loss is unclear. We have shown that Prom1 plays a crucial role in regulating autophagy and cellular homeostasis in human and mouse RPE (mRPE) cells in vitro. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of its in vivo expression and function in mRPE remains to be elucidated. To characterize Prom1 expression in RPE in situ, we used RNAscope assays and immunogold electron microscopy (EM). Our use of chromogenic and fluorescent RNAscope assays in albino and C57BL/6J mouse retinal sections has revealed Prom1 mRNA expression in perinuclear regions in mRPE in situ. Immunogold EM imaging showed Prom1 expression in RPE cytoplasm and mitochondria. To confirm Prom1 expression in RPE, we interrogated human RPE single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets using an online resource, Spectacle. Our analysis showed Prom1 expression in human RPE. To investigate Prom1’s function in RPE homeostasis, we performed RPE-specific Prom1 knockdown (KD) using subretinal injections of AAV2/1.CMV.saCas9.U6.Prom1gRNA in male and female mice. Our data show that RPE-specific Prom1-KD in vivo resulted in abnormal RPE morphology, subretinal fluid accumulation, and secondary PR loss. These changes were associated with patchy RPE cell death and reduced a-wave amplitude, indicating retinal degeneration. Our findings underscore the central role of Prom1 in cell-autonomous mRPE homeostasis. The implications of Prom1-KD causing aAMD-like RPE defects and retinal degeneration in a mouse model are significant and could lead to novel treatments for aAMD.
Diet Quality and Physical Activity and Their Association with BMI and Dental Caries Among High School Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Farsi Deema J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess diet quality and its association with obesity and dental caries. It also assessed adolescents’ physical activity (PA) level and its relationship with obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 high school adolescents. Body mass indices (BMI) were calculated after taking participants’ heights and weights. Caries activity was recorded as decayed, missed, and filled scores (DMFT). Diet quality was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire, and four additional questions were added to assess junk food consumption. PA was assessed using PAQ-A. KIDMED, junk food, and PA scores were calculated. Statistical analyses included Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for group comparisons. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was utilized to assess predictors of BMI percentile. Results: The KIDMED score was 3.0 ± 2.5, with 57.7% of participants classified as having very poor diet quality and 39% categorized as needing improvement. The majority of the participants had low PA levels (81.3%), with only 18% reporting moderate PA. No associations were observed between KIDMED scores, junk food consumption with BMI percentile, DMFT, or number of decayed teeth. Children with “very poor” KIDMED scores had a BMI percentile of 58.7 ± 33.9, while those with “needs improvement” and “optimal” diets had percentiles of 60.0 ± 30.0 and 65.1 ± 35.7, respectively. Higher PA levels were associated with better diet quality (p-value <0.001). The regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, DMFT, KIDMED, junk food consumption, and PA score did not identify any predictors of BMI percentile. Conclusions: Participants consumed poor quality diets and engaged in minimal PA. No associations could be concluded between diet and PA with either BMI or dental caries. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships.
Effect of Coating Treatment on the Properties of Extruded Mg-1.0Zn-0.3Zr-1.0Y-2.0Sn Alloys
Authors: He Junguang , Gao Qinglei , Wen Jiuba , Gong Yuan , Feng Wuyun , Cheng Zhenfei , Li Xuyang
Published: October 2024

The impact of fluoride-based coatings on the microstructure and mechanical integrity of extruded Mg-1.0Zn-0.3Zr-1.0Y-2.0Sn alloys was assessed utilizing optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), immersion testing, electrochemical analysis, and tensile testing. It was observed that the magnesium alloys could be immersed in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for varying durations to achieve coatings of distinct thicknesses, with the coating thickness stabilizing at approximately 8 μm after a 48 h immersion period. The application of the fluoride coating significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloys, with a corrosion rate (CRH) of 0.13 ± 0.012 mm/y. Upon a 20-day immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), the degradation rates of the yield strength (YS), tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) for the cast alloys were recorded as 62%, 59%, and 64%, respectively. For the extruded alloys, these rates escalated to 77%, 76%, and 95%. In contrast, the fluorine-coated alloys exhibited significantly lower degradation rates of 28%, 23%, and 39% after a 25-day immersion in SBF. Upon extrusion, the specimens exhibit a diminished corrosion resistance and a more substantial decline in mechanical properties compared to their as-cast state. Upon the application of the coating, there is a discernible reduction in the rate of mechanical property degradation observed in the specimens. This indicates that the fluorinated coating can mitigate the corrosion rate and enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.
Potential of Cranberry to Stimulate Osteogenesis: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bauer Yasmim Guterres , Magini Eduarda Blasi , Farias Ingrid Vicente , Della Pasqua Neto José , Fongaro Gislaine , Reginatto Flávio Henrique , Silva Izabella Thais , Cruz Ariadne Cristiane Cabral
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the potential of Cranberry extract to stimulate osteogenesis in vitro. The total phenolic and monomeric anthocyanin contents in the Cranberry were determined. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the Cranberry’s constituents. To assess the Cranberry’s cytotoxicity, a thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay was employed. Concerning the osteogenesis potential of Cranberry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, and extracellular matrix mineralization were evaluated. The total phenolic content was 522.72 ± 9.80 mg GAE g-1 ES and 364.95 ± 12.49 mg GAE/g detected by the Fast Blue BB and Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. For monomeric anthocyanin, the content was 460 ± 30 mg ECG g-1 ES. Moreover, Cranberry concentrations ranged from 62.5 to 500 mg/mL and were found to be biocompatible with osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells. Regarding osteogenesis, 20 mg/mL of Cranberry promoted 2-fold more ALP activity and almost 1.5-fold more BMP-2 than compared to the positive control group. Additionally, 200 mg/mL of Cranberry stimulated a 1.7-fold increase in extracellular matrix mineralization compared to the positive control group. In conclusion, Cranberry displayed potential in stimulating early and late markers of osteogenesis. Its ability to promote osteogenesis and its biocompatibility at higher concentrations hold promise for future application into biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Wear Behavior of TiAlN/DLC Coating on Tools in Milling Copper–Beryllium Alloy AMPCOLOY® 83
Authors: Freitas Fábio R. S. , Casais Rafaela C. B. , Silva Francisco J. G. , Sebbe Naiara P. V. , Martinho Rui P. , Sousa Vitor F. C. , Sales-Contini Rita C. M. , Fernandes Filipe
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the exponential growth of the machining industry and its needs has driven the development of new manufacturing technologies, more advanced cutting tool types, and new types of coatings to extend tool lifespan. New coating solutions have been studied and implemented for machining tools, which provide a low friction coefficient and lubrication, thus increasing tool lifespan. Following this line of reasoning, it is relevant to develop scientific work aimed at studying the behavior of cutting tools coated with thin films that promote low friction and high lubrication, as is the case with DLC (diamond-like carbon) coatings. These coatings promote good resistance to oxidation and allow high machining speeds, properties also exhibited by TiAlN (titanium aluminum nitride) coatings. In fact, there is a gap in the literature studying the performance of cemented carbide tools provided with multilayered coatings in milling operations of Cu–Be alloys, commonly used in inserts of plastic injection molds. This study’s objective was to investigate the effect of a multilayer coating (TiAlN/DLC) on end-milling tools to analyze their cutting performance when milling a Cu–Be alloy known commercially as AMPCOLOY®83. The quality of the machined surface was evaluated, and the wear of the cutting tool was studied. A comparative analysis of milling parameters with respect to their effect on the condition of the surface after machining and the resulting wear on the tools, using coated and uncoated tools and different machining parameters, allowed us to verify a better quality of the machined surface and wear quantified in approximately half when used coated tools.
New Co-Crystals of Betaine: Significant Improvements in Hygroscopicity
Authors: Li Qi , Li Shuang , Wang Zhipeng , Yang Shiying , Xie Yifei , Yang Dezhi , Zhang Li , Lu Yang
Published: October 2024

To reduce the hygroscopicity of betaine (BET), three co-crystals were synthesized: betaine-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (BET-3,5-DHB), betaine-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (BET-2,4-DHB), and betaine-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (BET-3-HDB). BET, commonly present in natural products, is used to treat homocysteine methyltransferase and has additional benefits such as hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. However, BET is extremely hygroscopic. Three cocrystals are acquired to address the problem. Comprehensive characterization, such as X-ray diffraction analysis, spectral analysis and thermal analysis, were conducted for co-crystals and BET. Based on the evaluation results for dynamic vapor sorption, the three co-crystals, especially BET-3-HDB, significantly reduce BET’s hygroscopicity. At 90% RH, the weight changes of BET-2,4-DHB (0.36%), BET-3,5-DHB (1.79%) and BET-3-HDB (0.32%) are 306.9, 61.7, and 345.3 times greater than those of the raw material BET, respectively. Hygroscopicity results from BET’s ability to easily create hydrogen bonding interactions with water molecules due to its carboxylate ions. Nevertheless, carboxylate ions establish hydrogen bonds with CCFs in co-crystals, lowering BET’s hygroscopicity and minimizing the likelihood of contact with water molecules. The contributions of contacts in the co-crystals are shown by Hirschfeld surface analysis as follows: H-H > O-H > H-O. Coulomb forces are dominant in the co-crystals by 3D energy frameworks.
Local Ecological Knowledge Informs Nocturnal Mammal Conservation in Ba’Aka Culture in the Central African Republic
Authors: Gunn Annette S. , Neba Terence Fuh , Nekaris K. A. I.
Published: October 2024

Local ecological knowledge has been shown to convey key information about elusive mammal species. Many of Africa’s nocturnal mammals are not yet considered globally threatened, yet behavioural ecology and population trends across their diverse ranges remain effectively unknown. We conducted semi-structured oral and visual interviews with eight groups of Ba’Aka in three villages (n = 53 males; n = 17 females) using trigger cards, to gain insights into beliefs about nocturnal mammals in the Central African Republic (CAR). We aimed to (1) explore the presence and local knowledge of nocturnal mammals; (2) determine cultural attitudes regarding nocturnal species; and (3) report on Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in the CAR. Using trigger cards, interviewees identified nine nocturnal mammals. Frequency of key words was measured and presented in word clouds, depicting that angwantibos (Arctocebus aureus) (n = 14), genets (Genetta spp.) (n = 11) and tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis) (n = 6) were strongly associated with the supernatural (witchcraft; spiritual protection). The traditional uses of cryptic nocturnal mammals in Ba’Aka culture, including as meat and medicine, may affect the conservation of these species. We suggest a need to protect and include nocturnal mammals with unknown or decreasing populations in wildlife management strategies and community conservation programmes.
Evaluation of Insulin Secretion and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis After Initiation of Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator: A 52-Week Prospective Study
Authors: Bayona Ane , Lecumberri Pascual Edurne , Vicente Saioa , Maíz Luis , Morales Ana , Lamas Adelaida , Sánchez Rodríguez Cristina , Yelmo Rosa , Martín-Frías María , Martínez Vaello Victoria , Blitz Castro Enrique , Nattero-Chávez Lía
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Limited studies have explored the impact of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with CF, yielding varied results. This study aims to assess alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion over 24 and 52 weeks following CFTR modulator initiation in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients with CF. Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study conducting oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with C-peptide and insulin levels. The insulin secretion rate at 60 min (ISR60) and the insulinogenic index (IGI) were calculated during the first 60 and 30 min of the OGTT, respectively. Glucose metabolism status was categorized as normal (NGT), indeterminate (INDET), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). Additionally, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed for 14 days at each visit. We employed a repeated-measures general linear model to assess changes in insulin secretion and CGM metrics, with glucose tolerance status as the between-subjects factor and visit (baseline, 24 and 52 weeks) as the within-subjects factor. Results: The study comprised 25 patients (11 adults and 14 pediatrics). At baseline, 2 patients (8%) had NGT, 8 (32%) had INDET, 10 (40%) had IGT, and 5 (20%) had CFRD. Overall, there were no significant changes in insulin and C-peptide area under the curve (AUC), IGI and DI after 52 weeks. However, we observed an increase in ISR60 among NGT patients (mean change: 1.766; 95% CI: 1.414; 2.118, p < 0.001). Consistently, average glucose exhibited a significant decrease in NGT patients between 24 and 52 weeks (mean change: −5.645; 95% CI: −4.233; −10.866, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Treatment with CFTR modulators potentially enhances insulin secretion in patients with CF NGT. Early initiation of treatment, as evaluated through long-term prospective trials, is essential to further investigate whether decreased glucose control is preventable or reversible.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Etiology, Correlation with Tooth Number Anomalies and Implications for Comprehensive Management Strategies in Children from Transylvania
Authors: Contac Laura-Roxana , Pop Silvia Izabella , Voidazan Septimiu , Bica Cristina Ioana
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the etiology of enamel developmental defects, specifically Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), and explores correlations between MIH and dental anomalies such as hypodontia to improve interdisciplinary restorative and orthodontic treatments. Additionally, it assesses the influence of stress factors on the development of enamel defects. Methods: Conducted from July to September 2024, this study involved 57 patients aged 6 to 11 from an urban setting, divided into two groups: 32 with MIH and 25 controls, selected based on criteria of mixed dentition without systemic pathology or chronic medication. Clinical evaluations, including intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs, were performed alongside a detailed questionnaire addressed to the mothers covering prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Results: The average age of children with MIH was 7.5 years, in contrast to 7.04 years in the control group (p = 0.17). Significant differences were noted in maternal age, with MIH mothers older (35.56 years) than controls (29.36, p = 0.0001). The prevalence of MIH was higher in boys (66.7%) compared to girls (38.1%, p = 0.036). Factors such as prolonged labor, medication during birth, and early postnatal medication were significantly linked to MIH. The study shows a strong correlation with hypodontia, with a significantly higher incidence of tooth number anomalies (p = 0.009) in the study group. Conclusions: Overall, the study emphasizes the association of MIH with various maternal and birth-related factors and with hypodontia, highlighting the need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Further research is recommended to investigate the relationship between stress factors and MIH.
Insensitive Mechanism-Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Guidance for UAVs Intercepting Maneuvering Targets with Input Constraints
Authors: Huang Danpeng , Zhang Mingjie , Zhan Taideng , Ma Jianjun
Published: October 2024

This paper proposed an innovative guidance strategy, denoted as NMPC-IM, which integrates the Insensitive Mechanism (IM) with Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pursuit-evasion scenarios, with the aim of effectively intercepting maneuvering targets with consideration of input constraints while minimizing average energy expenditure. Firstly, the basic principle of IM is proposed, and it is transformed into an additional cost function in NMPC. Secondly, in order to estimate the states of maneuvering target, a fixed-time sliding mode disturbance observer is developed. Thirdly, the UAV’s interception task is formulated into a comprehensive Quadratic Programming (QP) problem, and the NMPC-IM guidance strategy is presented, which is then improved by the adjustment of parameters and determination of maximum input. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the simulation results show that the NMPC-IM guidance strategy can decrease average energy expenditure by mitigating the impact of the target’s maneuverability, optimizing the UAV’s trajectory during the interception process.
Fuel Cell-Based Distributed Robust Optimal Scheduling for Combined Heat and Power Supply
Authors: Xu Lei , Kou Yang , Liang Weile , Bieerke Alihan , Wang Yunshan , Li Ji , Yuan Zhi
Published: October 2024

At present, the safe operation of integrated energy systems is significantly affected by the considerable uncertainty inherent to wind and photovoltaic power generation. Based on this, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model for integrated electricity, heat, and hydrogen-based energy systems on distributed robust optimization (DRO). Firstly, a combined heat and power microgrid system considering hydrogen energy systems was constructed based on the thermoelectric cogeneration characteristics of fuel cells and electrolyzers. Then, a data-driven two-stage distribution robust optimization scheduling model is built by combining typical historical data of wind power output, photovoltaic power output, and load. The results show that the distributed robust method reduces the running cost by 6% compared to the deterministic method. The proposed method and model are capable of meeting the demand for thermoelectric loads within the microgrid in a more cost-effective manner, thereby achieving stable and independent operation of the system.
Deep Unsupervised Homography Estimation for Single-Resolution Infrared and Visible Images Using GNN
Authors: Liao Yanhao , Luo Yinhui , Fu Qiang , Shu Chang , Wu Yuezhou , Liu Qijian , He Yuanqing
Published: October 2024

Single-resolution homography estimation of infrared and visible images is a significant and challenging research area within the field of computing, which has attracted a great deal of attention. However, due to the large modal differences between infrared and visible images, existing methods are difficult to stably and accurately extract and match features between the two image types at a single resolution, which results in poor performance on the homography estimation task. To address this issue, this paper proposes an end-to-end unsupervised single-resolution infrared and visible image homography estimation method based on graph neural network (GNN), homoViG. Firstly, the method employs a triple attention shallow feature extractor to capture cross-dimensional feature dependencies and enhance feature representation effectively. Secondly, Vision GNN (ViG) is utilized as the backbone network to transform the feature point matching problem into a graph node matching problem. Finally, this paper proposes a new homography estimator, residual fusion vision graph neural network (RFViG), to reduce the feature redundancy caused by the frequent residual operations of ViG. Meanwhile, RFViG replaces the residual connections with an attention feature fusion module, highlighting the important features in the low-level feature graph. Furthermore, this model introduces detail feature loss and feature identity loss in the optimization phase, facilitating network optimization. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate the efficacy of all proposed components. The experimental results demonstrate that homoViG outperforms existing methods on synthetic benchmark datasets in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons.
Improving Top-Down Attention Network in Speech Separation by Employing Hand-Crafted Filterbank and Parameter-Sharing Transformer
Authors: Aung Aye Nyein , Hung Jeih-weih
Published: October 2024

The “cocktail party problem”, the challenge of isolating individual speech signals from a noisy mixture, has traditionally been addressed using statistical methods. However, deep neural networks (DNNs), with their ability to learn complex patterns, have emerged as superior solutions. DNNs excel at capturing intricate relationships between mixed audio signals and their respective speech sources, enabling them to effectively separate overlapping speech signals in challenging acoustic environments. Recent advances in speech separation systems have drawn inspiration from the brain’s hierarchical sensory information processing, incorporating top-down attention mechanisms. The top-down attention network (TDANet) employs an encoder–decoder architecture with top-down attention to enhance feature modulation and separation performance. By leveraging attention signals from multi-scale input features, TDANet effectively modifies features across different scales using a global attention (GA) module in the encoder–decoder design. Local attention (LA) layers then convert these modulated signals into high-resolution auditory characteristics. In this study, we propose two key modifications to TDANet. First, we substitute the fully trainable convolutional encoder with a deterministic hand-crafted multi-phase gammatone filterbank (MP-GTF), which mimics human hearing. Experimental results demonstrated that this substitution yielded comparable or even slightly superior performance to the original TDANet with a trainable encoder. Second, we replace the single multi-head self-attention (MHSA) layer in the global attention module with a transformer encoder block consisting of multiple MHSA layers. To optimize GPU memory utilization, we introduce a parameter sharing mechanism, dubbed “Reverse Cycle”, across layers in the transformer-based encoder. Our experimental findings indicated that these proposed modifications enabled TDANet to achieve competitive separation performance, rivaling state-of-the-art techniques, while maintaining superior computational efficiency.
The Existence of a Solution to a Class of Fractional Double Phase Problems
Authors: Ri Maoji , Li Yongkun
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the study of a class of fractional p&q-Laplacian problems with unbalanced growth, which includes vanishing potential and a supercritical growth exponent. By employing the mountain pass theorem alongside the Truncation method, penalization method, and Moser iteration method, the main result establishes the existence of a nontrivial solution under conditions of low perturbations of supercritical nonlinearity. Furthermore, we derive L∞(RN) estimates and the interior Hölder regularity of weak solutions in the context of supercritical growth.
PhenoMetaboDiff: R Package for Analysis and Visualization of Phenotype Microarray Data
Authors: Pauly Rini , Iqbal Mehtab , Lee Narae , Moffitt Bridgette Allen , Sarasua Sara Moir , Li Luyi , Hubig Nina Christine , Boccuto Luigi
Published: October 2024

Background: PhenoMetaboDiff is a novel R package for computational analysis and visualization of data generated by Biolog Phenotype Mammalian Microarrays (PM-Ms). These arrays measure the energy production of mammalian cells in different metabolic environments, assess the metabolic activity of cells exposed to various drugs or energy sources, and compare the metabolic profiles of cells from individuals affected by specific disorders versus healthy controls. Methods: PhenoMetaboDiff has several modules that facilitate statistical analysis by sample comparisons using non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test, the integration of the OPM package (an R package for analysing OmniLog® phenotype microarray data) for robust file conversion, and calculation of slope and area under the curve (AUC). In addition, the built-in visualization allows specific wells to be visualized in selected pathways for a particular time slice. Results: Compared to the standard OPM package, the features developed in PhenoMetaboDiff assess metabolic profiles by employing statistical tests and visualize the dynamic nature of the energy production in several conditions. Examples of how this package can be used are demonstrated for several rare disease conditions. The incorporation of a graphical user interface expands the utility of this program to both expert and novice users of R. Conclusions: PhenoMetaboDiff makes the deployment of the cutting-edge Biolog system available to any researcher.
Effect of Supplemental Light for Leaves Development and Seed Oil Content in Brassica napus
Authors: Yan Xingying , Bai Wenqin , Huang Taocui
Published: October 2024

Rapeseed is an important commercial crop globally, used for both animal fodder and human consumption. Varied insolation duration and intensity are among the main factors affecting the seed yield and quality of Brassica napus (B. napus) worldwide. In this study, the high-oil-content rapeseed cultivar “Qingyou 3” was subjected to a light supplementation trial during both the vegetative growth period and the seed productive stage. Different light intensity conditions were stimulated using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The main plot factor was land condition, with LED treatment (Treatment) and without LED treatment (Control) under natural conditions. The results showed that the leaf size and thickness, photosynthesis efficiency, and seed oil content of B. napus increased significantly after light supplementation. Then, 18 cDNA libraries were constructed from leaf segments (30 days after transplanting—DAT) and seeds 30 and 40 days after pollination (DPA) for RNA transcriptome sequencing. It was found that genes encoding lipid transfer protein, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction were enriched in differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The qRT-PCR analysis showed that eight key genes had significant variations, a finding also consistent with the RNA-seq results. The aim of this study was to identify the DEGs and signaling pathways in the leaves and seeds of B. napus during the vegetative and seed productive stages under different light intensities. The results provide insight into how sufficient light plays a critical role in promoting photosynthesis and serves as the foundation for material accumulation and yield formation.
Medication Regimen Complexity and Patient-Centred Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Goh Jing Xin , Sud Kamal , Tesfaye Wubshet , Van Connie , Seth Shrey , Tarafdar Surjit , Castelino Ronald L.
Published: October 2024

Background: Although patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) typically have complex treatment needs, the effect of medication regimen complexity on patient outcomes has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aims to quantify medication regimen complexity and evaluate patient-centred outcomes including medication adherence and its determinants in patients undergoing PD. Methods: This study combined a retrospective audit of baseline data with a prospective evaluation of patient-related outcomes among patients undergoing PD at a large metropolitan dialysis centre in Australia. Medication regimen complexity was assessed using the 65-item Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), while patient outcomes were evaluated with validated self-reported questionnaires, including the 4-item Morisky–Green–Levine Scale (MGLS), EQ-5D-5L and EQ VAS. Results: A total of 131 patients participated [median age 67 (IQR 57–74) years]. Patients on PD were found to have complex medication regimens with an average MRCI score of 28.6 ± 11.4. Over half of the participants were deemed to be adherent to their prescribed medications as measured by the MGLS (n = 79; 60.3%). Male participants were more likely to be non-adherent to medications compared to female participants (OR 2.465; 95% CI 1.055–5.759). Participants with higher serum phosphate levels were 2.5 times more likely to report non-adherence to their medications (OR 2.523; 95% CI 1.247–5.104), while a higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was associated with medication adherence (OR 0.151, 95% CI 0.031–0.732). Conclusions: Patients on PD are prescribed complex medication regimens in addition to PD treatments that they perform at home. Patients on PD who were adherent to their medications had significantly better outcomes in terms of HRQoL and serum phosphate levels compared to non-adherent patients.
Promoting Mental Health and Well-Being Among Adolescent Young Carers in Europe: A Cross-National Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Hlebec Valentina , Bolko Irena , Casu Giulia , Magnusson Lennart , Boccaletti Licia , Hoefman Renske , De Boer Alice , Lewis Feylyn , Leu Agnes , Barbabella Francesco , Brolin Rosita , Santini Sara , Socci Marco , D’Amen Barbara , Phelps Daniel , Bouwman Tamara , Jong Nynke de , Alder Elena , Morgan Vicky , Rakar Tatjana , Becker Saul , Hanson Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This cross-national study focuses on adolescents who provide care and support to family members or significant others. Current evidence regarding their mental health and solutions to strengthen it is limited and mostly available in a few countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of a primary prevention intervention for improving the mental health and well-being of adolescent young carers (AYCs) aged 15–17 years in six European countries. The intervention was based on a psychoeducational program and tools adapted from the Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor, and Values (DNA-V) model. Methods: We designed a randomized controlled trial with 217 AYCs participating in the study, either in the intervention or control group. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, and a 3-month follow up. Results: The results were mixed, as positive improvements in primary (i.e., psychological well-being and skills) and secondary (school/training/work functioning) outcomes were shown by the experimental group but, in most cases, they were not statistically significant. The qualitative data supported positive claims about the intervention and its appropriateness for AYCs. Conclusions: The study implementation during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the consortium to adapt the design and may have influenced the results. More long-term studies are needed to assess similar mental health programs with this hard-to-reach target group.
Horticultural Plants and By-Products as Sources of Biological Active Compounds
Authors: Oprea Eliza , Marinas Ioana-Cristina , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen
Published: October 2024

Horticultural plants and their by-products from vegetable, herb and fruit cultivation, as well as from food industry operations, warehouses, and retail trade, are abundant in biologically active compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals [...]
Primary Care for Gestational Diabetes: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications from 1991 to 2024
Authors: Makasheva Aliya , Yermukhanova Lyudmila , Kudabayeva Khatimya , Tazhbenova Saule , Nogayeva Maral , Tautanova Aidana , Zhylkybekova Aliya
Published: October 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant medical complication during pregnancy, with a global prevalence ranging from 2% to 26% and increasing by over 30% in recent decades. Therefore, the aim of our study is to assess the trends and distribution of published studies, as well as the contributions of countries, institutions, journals, and authors to the development of primary care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes. In this bibliometric analysis, we examine the role of primary health care in GDM from 1991 to 2024. The data were sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, encompassing 276 articles from 150 sources and involving 1375 authors. The analysis reveals a steady increase in publications, with a 4.29% annual growth rate. This study identifies the USA and UK as leading countries in GDM research, and there are significant international collaborations, with the USA having 17 joint articles with other countries. The University of Eastern Finland, Ohio State University, and Harvard University are noted as the most prolific institutions, with 23, 17, and 16 articles, respectively. Additionally, the journal Diabetes Care published the highest number of articles, totaling 635. Prominent authors such as Bernstein J. and McCloskey L., with seven articles each, have made substantial contributions to the field. Our work highlights the need to pay special attention to primary care for gestational diabetes, as many negative consequences of the disease can be prevented at this stage. Innovative approaches to screening for GDM can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce health risks, which will have long-term positive effects both for individual patients and society as a whole.
Effect of Buddleja cordata Leaf Extract on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats
Authors: Hernández Elizabeth Alejandrina Guzmán , Ocaña Adriana Miranda , Pedraza Omar Ortiz , Aguilar María Eugenia Garín , Chávez Rubén San Miguel , Morales Martín Palomar , Cobos David Segura
Published: October 2024

One of complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy. In Mexico, in traditional medicine, Buddleja cordata Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, (“tepozán blanco”) is a shrub plant used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, postpartum bath, stomachache, skin burns, diarrhea in children, sores, and cancer. Objectives: We examined the effect of methanol extract of leaves of B. cordata on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and its antioxidant effects in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We used the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus model in rats; these were treated with methanol extract from leaves of B. cordata at 50 and 100 mg/kg (orally) for 4 weeks. Kidney weight/total body weight ratio and proteins/DNA, proteinuria and creatinine clearance, Western blot of nuclear factor κΒ (NFkB) p65 (cytoplasm and nucleus), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were determined.
Development and Optimization of Indian Propolis Formulation for Enhanced Immunomodulatory Potential
Authors: Kapare Harshad S. , Rele Harshal , Bhosale Mayuri Kisanrao , Bhole Ritesh P. , Kulkarni Deepak , Neve Vrushali , Raut Sadhana
Published: October 2024

Propolis, a complex natural product that honey bees produce by mastication to protect and maintain their hive structures, comprises various bioactive constituents, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignans, vitamins, minerals, etc. The objective of the current research was to extract crude propolis to enrich the total polyphenolic and flavonoid content, conduct preliminary phytochemical screening, and develop and evaluate dosage form to improve formulation characteristics and immunomodulatory potential. Total balsam, polyphenols, and flavonoids were found to be 46% w/w, 34.82 ± 0.078 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g, and 23.61 ± 0.045 mg equivalent of quercetin/g, respectively. DSC and FTIR studies demonstrated molecular dispersion of the propolis extract. Formulation was optimized with a 32 factorial design, and an optimized batch showed 92.20 ± 1.72% drug release in 1 h, an elevated hypersensitivity (DTH) response (p < 0.0001), increased phagocytic activity (p < 0.01), and a significantly (p < 0.001) higher total leukocyte count ((5.015 ± 0.19) × 103/mm3). The developed formulation showed significantly modulated immune modulatory potential compared with the propolis extract and conventional levamisole. This study can be further extended for clinical evaluations.
Can Obesity Serve as a Barrier to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery? Overcoming the Limitations—A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Sadeq , Helms Florian , Aburahma Khalil , Takemoto Sho , De Manna Nunzio Davide , Amanov Lukman , Ius Fabio , Karsten Jan , Zubarevich Alina , Schmack Bastian , Kaufeld Tim , Popov Aron-Frederik , Ruhparwar Arjang , Salman Jawad , Weymann Alexander
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Over the past two decades, significant advancements in mitral valve surgery have focused on minimally invasive techniques. Some surgeons consider obesity as a relative contraindication for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS). The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the specific characteristics of obese patients contribute to increased surgical complexity and whether this, in turn, leads to worse clinical outcomes compared to non-obese patients. Furthermore, we aim to explore whether these findings could substantiate the consideration of limiting this treatment option for obese patients. We investigated the outcomes of MIMVS in obese and non-obese patients at a high-volume center in Germany staffed by an experienced surgical team well-versed in perioperative management. Methods: A total of 934 MIMVS were performed in our high-volume center in Germany from 2011 to 2023. Of these, 196 patients had a BMI of 30 or higher (obese group), while 738 patients had a BMI below 30 (non-obese group), all of whom underwent MIMVS by right minithoracotomy. Demographic information, echocardiographic assessments, surgical data, and clinical outcome parameters were collected for all patients. Results: There was no significant difference in in-hospital, 30-day, and late mortality between groups (obese vs. non-obese: 6 [3.0%] vs. 14 [1.8%], p = 0.40; 6 [3.0%] vs. 14 [1.8%], p = 0.40; 13 [6.6%] vs. 39 [5.3%], p = 0.48, respectively). Respiratory insufficiency and arrhythmia occurred more frequently in the obese group (obese vs. non-obese: 25 [12.7%] vs. 35 [4.7%], p < 0.001; 35 [17.8%] vs. 77 [10.4%], p = 0.006). Conclusions: Obesity was not associated with increased early or late mortality in patients undergoing MIMVS. However, obese patients experienced higher incidences of postoperative complications, including respiratory insufficiency, arrhythmias, delirium, and wound dehiscence. Nonetheless, a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that obesity itself does not contraindicate MIMVS and should not be viewed as a barrier to offering this minimally invasive approach to obese patients.
One Year Follow-Up Assessment of Impact of Rigorous Diet Regimen and Adequate C-PAP Therapy on Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Carratù Pierluigi , Dragonieri Silvano , Quaranta Vitaliano Nicola , Resta Onofrio , Portincasa Piero , Palmieri Vincenzo Ostilio , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) therapy combined with a rigorous diet regimen on obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: Sixty obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) diagnosed with severe OSAS were recruited in order to establish the evaluation of CPAP therapy with different extents of adherence to a rigorous diet regimen. After one year, significant improvements were observed. Results: BMI reduced by 12.32%, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) by 22.04%, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) by 15.87%, total sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% (TST90%) by 25.2%, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores by 21.74%. Patients were, then, divided into three groups, based on adherence to the restricted diet, as well as to the correct use of the nocturnal C-PAP, showing different reductions in BMI, AHI, ODI, TST90%, and ESS, according to their adherence, based on the sum of % reduction in BMI + AHI into three groups. Conclusions: These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining C-PAP therapy with a strict diet in improving OSAS symptoms and overall health in obese patients. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results and explore the long-term benefits of this integrated approach.
Does Bone Density Affect Outcomes in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion? A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Preoperative Hounsfield Units
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Sakai Daisuke , Katoh Hiroyuki , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess whether preoperative Hounsfield unit (HU) values differ in short-term clinical outcomes after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, 109 patients undergoing LLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD) were reviewed. Preoperative Computed Tomography (CT) scans measured HU values at the L1–L4 vertebrae, dividing patients into low and high HU groups. After conducting a cluster analysis of preoperative Hounsfield unit (HU) values, patients were categorized into low and high HU groups using propensity score matching (PSM). The outcomes measured one-year post-surgery included pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scales for Low Back Pain (NRSLBP), Leg Pain (NRSLP), and Leg Numbness (NRSLN)) and quality of life (Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire: JOABPEQ). Results: After PSM, there were 26 patients in each group. Significant improvements were noted in both low and high HU groups post-surgery, with the low HU group showing a decrease in NRSLBP from 6.2 to 3.7, NRSLP from 7.4 to 2.5, and NRSLN from 6.4 to 3.0. The high HU group exhibited similar improvements (NRSLBP: 6.5 to 3.6, NRSLP: 6.3 to 2.5, NRSLN: 6.2 to 2.4). JOABPEQ scores improved significantly in both groups across all domains, with no significant differences observed. Preoperative HU values have little correlation with the short-term outcomes of pain and quality of life in LLIF surgery. Conclusions: This study suggests reconsidering the role of HU values following indirect decompression via LLIF, particularly in evaluating pain and patient-reported outcome measures in patients with LDD.
The Utility of Baseline Characteristics and [123I]MIBG Cardiac Adrenergic System Scintigraphy in Qualifying Patients with Post-Infarction Heart Failure for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) Placement
Authors: Teresińska Anna , Fronczak-Jakubczyk Aneta , Woźniak Olgierd , Maciąg Aleksander , Jezierski Jarosław , Cicha-Mikołajczyk Alicja , Hoffman Piotr , Biernacka Elżbieta Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Background: Post-infarction heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients often face persistent risks of sudden cardiac arrest leading to sudden cardiac death. While implanting a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can enhance prognosis, complications and costs limit its widespread use. Current patient qualification criteria, relying on imperfect parameters, require refinement. The impairment of the cardiac adrenergic system in heart failure is associated with ventricular arrhythmias. The goal of the study was to assess the utility of cardiac adrenergic system scintigraphy in qualifying patients for ICD placement. Methods: In this prospective study of 85 post-infarction HFrEF patients at a single center, clinical assessments, laboratory tests, echocardiography, [123I]MIBG scintigraphy, and ICD implantation were performed. Scintigraphy involved planar chest images and evaluating the heart-to-mediastinum ratio (H/M) and washout rate (WO). SPECT imaging assessed [123I]MIBG uptake in 17 left ventricular segments to calculate the summed difference score (SDS). Results: During a median of 4-year follow-up, 22% of patients experienced appropriate ICD interventions, and 25% of patients died or underwent heart transplantation. The mean values of analyzed parameters did not significantly differ between groups. In the univariate analysis, younger age and moderately impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were correlated with more frequent ICD interventions. In comparison, older age and elevated NT-proBNP levels were associated with death or heart transplantation. Additionally, the univariate analysis identified SDS-15′ as a prognostic factor for death/heart transplant. The multivariate analysis identified predictors for ICD interventions, including younger age, an EF of 30% or greater, and a larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. In contrast, older age and an LVEF of less than 25% were significant predictors of death or heart transplantation. Conclusions: Scintigraphic parameters did not effectively predict ICD interventions or death/heart transplantation, though the summed difference score demonstrated potential as a prognostic factor. Younger age with moderately impaired EF correlated with frequent ICD interventions, while in older age, EF < 25% predicted death or transplantation. Further investigation is needed for patients with borderline EF values.