bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence Against Nursing Students: A Review of Potential Literature
Authors: Hostetler Tina
Published: July 2019

Background: The incidence of workplace violence has continued to occupy a significant place in healthcare at a rate nearly double that in other industries. Those providing direct bedside care are among the most vulnerable to violence, including nursing students. Among the evidence-based tools which may be deployed in such circumstances is verbal de-escalation, or the practice of verbal and physical behaviors and actions meant to calm (or at least not exacerbate) the patient. This literature review outlines the history of research on violence against nursing students and identifies the next steps for addressing this problem. Method: A search for relevant studies included using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Ovid, Science Direct, Medline, and PubMed databases using key terms such as nursing student, verbal de-escalation, aggression, and violence. Results: Search identified 19,000 articles but only 28 focused on violence experienced by nursing students and are covered in this review. Conclusion: Verbal de-escalation training may represent a promising solution for teaching students how to handle workplace violence. Furthur investigation of this and other solutions is necessary.
Selecting ultrafiltration membranes for fractionation of high added value compounds from grape pomace extracts
Authors: Yammine Sami , Rabagliato Robin , Vitrac Xavier , Mietton Peuchot Martine , Ghidossi Rémy
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the use of ultrafiltration membrane for the fractionation of phenolic compounds from subcritical water grape pomace extract and the separation of these compounds from other co-extracted components. The extract was assayed in a cross-flow apparatus against eleven membranes with molecular weight ranging from 100 to 2 kDa. Monitoring of the process was executed by determining performance parameters and retention coefficients of proteins, polysaccharides, sugars, phenolic and anthocyanin classes. Results indicated that retention of solutes was affected, not by size exclusion, but primarily by severe fouling phenomena due to polar solutes adsorption on the membrane surface. With the exception of the separation obtained between polymeric and monomeric proanthocyanidins, polysulfone membranes were not able to fractionate phenolic classes. Membranes starting of 20 kDa and over retained high percentages (>60%) of polysaccharides and proteins.
Biological Hotspot larva Ikan Diperairan Estuari Desa Timbulsoko, Demak
Authors: Nugroho Hanityo , Anggoro Sutrisno , Widowati Ita
Published: July 2019

Biological Hotspot larva ikan diperairan estusri Desa Timbulsoko, Demak dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni 2019 di Desa Timbulsoko. Timbulsloko memiliki perairan yang subur dikarenakan banyak nelayan yang menjadikan lokasi tersebut sebagai daerah fishing ground. Timbulsloko memiliki potensi untuk menjadi daerah nursery ground dan feeding ground untuk ikan dikarenakan adanya habitat mangrove yang alami akan tetapi bencana abrasi mengakibatkan degradasi habitat nursery ground untuk ikan stadia awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Larva ikan yang tertangkap di perairan Desa Timbulsloko terdiri dari 13 famili. Komposisi jenis-jenis larva ikan yang tertangkap adalah Mugilidae, Siganidae, Gobiidae, Leiognathidae, Scatophagidae, Chanidae, Latidae, Engraulidae, Gerreidae, Carangidae, Bagridae, Sillaginidae, Ambassidae. Jenis larva ikan yang paling banyak adalah larva ikan Ambassidae yaitu 46,98% sedangkan yang paling sedikit tertangkap adalah larva ikan Carangidae, Sillaginidae yaitu sebesar 1,01%. Kelimpahan larva ikan terbesar adalah 428,271 ind/m3 terdapat pada titik D2P2, sedangkan kelimpahan larva ikan paling sedikit pada titik NP4 dengan nilai kelimpahan adalah 25,974 ind/m3. Kemiripan nilai ekologis habitat pada titik D2P2 dan A2G1 berdasarkan analisis PCA dan kesamaan kontur dari interpolasi kedalaman secara spasial mengindikasikan adanya jejak biological hotspot di perairan mangrove Desa Timbulsloko sebelum terjadinya bencana abrasi.
El liderazgo virtual en los ecosistemas educativos
Authors: Torres Martín César
Published: July 2019

Por la obviedad del asunto, es innegable que nuestra sociedad no se podría concebir actualmente sin los avances digitales. De una manera cotidiana, podemos observar a nuestro alrededor y darnos cuenta que en las diversas parcelas donde se desarrollan nuestras vidas la universalidad tecnológica es todo un hecho. En este sentido, la Red y la revelación de las redes sociales invaden de manera escurridiza nuestros procesos de comunicación e interacción, e igualmente impregnan y calan en los ecosistemas organizativos.En consecuencia, si zurcimos las condiciones tecnológicas con los procesos de comunicación virtual y en el seno de las organizaciones, podría deducirse que el ejercicio del liderazgo en las mismas sería un nuevo planteamiento a considerar. El e-liderazgo o liderazgo electrónico, aunque quizá sea más razonable interpretarlo por liderazgo virtual, adquiere un nuevo rumbo, caracterizado por la transformación, innovación e inclusión de otras capacidades precisas para las nuevas formas de relación de los miembros de la organización a través de la tecnología de la comunicación que implica este tipo de liderazgo.
Immunohistochemistry for phospho-myosin light chain 2 in adult murine skin
Authors: Gomes Martim Dias , Letzian Soriba , Saynisch Michael , Iden Sandra
Published: July 2019

Phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain 2 is a post-translational modification commonly used to report for myosin ATPase activity and actomyosin contractility. While its use in cell culture has been broadly reported in several studies, data on immunostaining in tissues has been sparse and inconsistent. In this protocol we report a methodology to stain phospho-myosin light chain 2 (pMLC2 Ser19) and double phospho-myosin light chain 2 (ppMLC2Thr18/ Ser19) in adult murine epidermis.
Dephosphorylation of epitopes in murine skin sections
Authors: Gomes Martim Dias , Letzian Soriba , Saynisch Michael , Iden Sandra
Published: July 2019

Dephosphorylation of epitopes is a common way of testing phospho-specificity of antibodies. Whereas it is a regularly used protocol for dephosphorylation in cell lysates, its use in immunohistochemistry has been limited. Here we describe a methodology to dephosphorylate adult murine tissues by using Antarctic Phosphatase, an alkaline phosphatase. This protocol is compatible with subsequent immunohistochemistry, making it suitable for validating phospho-immunoreactivity in tissues.
Contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound can reduce unnecessary biopsy during prostate cancer screening and predict biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Hong-wei , Li Jian , Cao Jia-Zheng , Lin Juan , Wang Zhu , Lv Jian-yao , Wei Jin-huan , Chen Zhen-hua , Yao Hao-hua , Pan Yi-hui , Gao Zhen-li , Luo Jun-hang , Chen Wei , Shi Lei , fang yong
Published: July 2019

Background: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS) in reducing unnecessary biopsy during prostate cancer screening and predicting biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Methods:This was a prospective study of patients suspected of prostate cancer who were evaluated with CETRUS followed by prostate biopsy. Prostate blood flow on CETRUS was graded using a 5-point scale. The relationship between CETRUS score and biopsy outcomes was analyzed; Univariate and multi-variate analyses were used to determine the probable prognostic factors with biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy.
Results:A total of 347 patients were enrolled. Prostate cancer was found in 164 patients. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) was found between CETRUS scores and prostate cancer. Using CETRUS score ≥ 2 as the threshold for biopsy could have reduced the number of biopsies by 12.1% (42/347) without missing cancer and spared 23.0% (42/183) of patients from unnecessary biopsy. 77 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy and followed up. 17 of 77 patients exhibited biochemical recurrence. The 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 86% for patients with CETRUS low scores (≤ 3) and 59% for patients with high scores (> 3; p = 0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CETRUS score was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (HR: 7.02; 95% CI: 2.00-24.69; p = 0.002).
Conclusions:CETRUS score may be a useful tool to reduce unnecessary biopsy during prostate cancer screening and predict biochemical recurrence of localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
Reducing underreporting of stigmatized pregnancy outcomes: results from a mixed-methods study of self-managed abortion in Texas using the list-experiment method
Authors: Moseson Heidi , Filippa Sofia , Baum Sarah E. , Gerdts Caitlin , Grossman Daniel
Published: July 2019

Background

Accurately measuring stigmatized experiences is a challenge across reproductive health research. In this study, we tested a novel method – the list experiment – that aims to reduce underreporting of sensitive events by asking participants to report how many of a list of experiences they have had, not which ones. We applied the list experiment to measure “self-managed abortion” - any attempt by a person to end a pregnancy on one’s own, outside of a clinical setting – a phenomenon that may be underreported in surveys due to a desire to avoid judgement.

Methods

We administered a double list experiment on self-managed abortion to a Texas-wide representative sample of 790 women of reproductive age in 2015. Participants were asked how many of a list of health experiences they had experienced; self-managed abortion was randomly added as an item to half of the lists. A difference in the average number of items reported by participants between lists with and without self-managed abortion provided a population level estimate of self-managed abortion. In 2017, we conducted cognitive interviews with women of reproductive age in four states to understand how women (1) interpreted the list experiment question format, and (2) interpreted the list item on prior experiences attempting to self-manage an abortion.

Results

Results from this list experiment estimated that 8% of women of reproductive age in Texas have ever self-managed an abortion. This number was higher than expected, thus, the researchers conducted cognitive interviews to better understand how people interpreted the list experiment on self-managed abortion. Some women interpreted “on your own” to mean “without the knowledge of friends or family”, as opposed to “without medical assistance”, as intended.

Conclusion

The list experiment may have reduced under-reporting of self-managed abortion; however, the specific phrasing of the list item may also have unintentionally increased reporting of abortion experiences not considered “self-managed.” High participation in and comprehension of the list experiment, however, suggests that this method is worthy of further exploration as tool for measuring stigmatized experiences.
Realignment Surgery for Anterior Translation of Talus after Malunited Ankle Fracture
Authors: Li Xingchen , Rong Kai , Xu Yang , Zhu Yuan , Xu Xiangyang
Published: July 2019

Background: It is challenging for the clinical management of malunited ankle fracture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of realignment surgery for anterior translation of talus after malunited ankle fracture and to analyze its.
Methods: A total of 11 patients with anterior translation of talus after malunited ankle fractures underwent corrective osteotomy in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated with radiological parameters and clinical functional scores. There were 4 patients with Weber type A fracture, 4 patients with Pilon type B fracture and 3 patients with Weber type C fracture. 8/11 patients had impaction on the anterior distal tibial plafond, intra-articular distal tibial osteotomy was performed in these patients, additional bony correction and soft tissue surgery were also performed to achieve congruent ankle joint.
Results: The mean age at surgery was 32.8 ± 10.8 (range,16-48) years. The mean follow-up time was 50.5 ± 23.6 (range, 16-80) months. The mean AOFAS-AH score increased from 28.2 ± 19.1preoperatively to 72.5 ± 8.1 points postoperatively(p<0.05), the mean lateral talar station(LTS) improved from 9.2 ± 3.7 preoperatively to 1.5 ± 1.4 mm postoperatively(p<0.05). 10/11 patients had improvement or no worsening ankle osteoarthritis on sagittal plane, while 1 patient had advanced ankle osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: A congruent ankle joint in sagittal plane could be achieved by corrective osteotomies with additional soft tissue procedures. The realignment surgery was a valuable treatment option for the salvage of anterior translation of talus after malunited ankle fracture.
Influence of intraoperative reduction quality on functional outcome and quality of life in treatment of tibial plafond fractures: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Privalov Maxim , Euler Finn , Keil Holger , Swartman Benedict , Beisemann Nils , Franke Jochen , Grützner Paul Alfred , Vetter Sven Yves
Published: July 2019

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of reduction quality, using intraoperative 3D imaging, on quality of life and functional outcome in the operative treatment of tibial plafond fractures.

Methods

A group of patients with tibial plafond fractures was postoperatively examined. The operative treatment was performed between September 2001 and October 2011 under reduction control using an intraoperative 3D C-arm. A categorization with regard to the type and the size of joint surface irregularities was carried out after intraoperative reduction. Postoperative results were evaluated using: Olerud and Molander (O & M) score, Short-Form-36 (SF-36) score, leg circumference, movement deficit, Kellgren and Lawrence grade of osteoarthritis, and pain intensity.

Results

34 patients with osteosynthetically treated tibial plafond fracture could be re-examined. Reduction quality had the greatest influence on functional result measured by the O & M score (P=0.001) and the PCS domain of the SF-36 score (P=0.018).

Significant differences with regard to O & M score (P=0.000), SF-36 score (P=0.001 to P=0.02; without MCS domain), circumferential difference below the knee joint gap (P=0.012), movement deficit (P=0.001), grade of osteoarthritis (P=0.005) and pain (P=0.001) could be verified under consideration of the reduction quality. The group with the preferred reduction also showed a better result for clinical follow-up and quality of life.

Conclusions

Despite other relevant factors, it appears that reduction quality - which can be analyzed with intraoperative 3D imaging - plays the most important role in postoperative quality of life and functional outcome.
Comparison between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and open reduction–internal fixation for proximal humeral fractures: a meta-analysis based on 1050 individuals
Authors: Li Feilong , Nie Tao , Liu Xuqiang , Wang Fuqiang , Gu Zhiping , Tao Qianyuan , Yao Cong , Luo Xuwen
Published: July 2019

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and open reduction–internal fixation (ORIF) in patients with proximal humeral fractures.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies from inception to April 2019. Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manage 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Sixteen studies involving 1050 patients (464 patients in the MIPO group and 586 patients in the ORIF group) were finally included. According to the meta-analysis, MIPO was superior to ORIF in operation time, blood loss, postoperative pain, fracture union time, and constant score. However, MIPO was associated with more exposure to radiation and axillary nerve injury. No significant differences were found in length of hospital stays and complication except for axillary nerve injury.

Conclusion

The present evidence indicates that MIPO offers superior outcomes in comparison to ORIF. However, surgeons should pay attention to reducing radiation exposure and avoiding axillary nerve injury.
Evaluation of a bundled care approach to preventing surgical site infections post caesarean section in an Australian Rural Hospital
Authors: Bolte Michelle , Knapman Blake , Leibenson Lilach , Ball Jean , Giles Michelle
Published: July 2019

Background

Elective and non-elective caesarean section (CS) rates have been increasing in Australia over the past 20 years. Increasing antenatal morbidity, has meant that surgical site infection (SSI) post CS is an important issue effecting Australian women. Populations most impacted include low socioeconomic and regional communities where high rates of antenatal comorbidity increase the incidence of SSI. Despite a recent trend towards supporting the development of evidence based bundled approaches to SSI reduction, there remains a paucity of data proving efficacy and supporting bundle implementation.

Aims

This study aimed to develop, implement and assess an evidence based caesarean infection prevention “CIP” bundled intervention to reduce SSI rates following CS in a high risk rural population.

Methods

The study was a pre-post-intervention study with 3 phases and included all women undergoing CS at a regional referral hospital between December 1st 2016 and December 31st 2018. A 12 month retrospective pre-intervention review identified all women who developed a post CS SSI. A comprehensive literature review informed the development of the intervention, which was implemented in December 2017. Prospective data was collected for a subsequent 12 month period on all women who underwent CS with pre and post comparative data analysis.

Results

A total of 710 procedures were monitored as part of the study with 346 and 364 women in the pre and post-intervention groups respectively. Demographic and comorbidity variables remained consistent between the two time periods. Rates of CS associated SSI reduced significantly post-intervention (5.5% vs. 1.6%, p=0.007), the greatest benefit seen in class II and III obese patients (12.2% vs. 2.5%, p=0.019). Higher rates of hypertension (24% vs. 9%, p=0.01) and lower maternal age (mean age 27 vs. 30, p=0.01) were seen in patients with SSI. Rates of smoking were higher in women effected by SSI (24% vs 9%) but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

The “CIP” bundle is an effective method of reducing caesarean associated surgical site infections in a high risk population. Our findings highlight the necessity for the development and evaluation of multifaceted, evidenced based interventions to reduce SSI in women requiring caesarean delivery.
The heterogeneous health state profiles of high-risk healthcare utilizers and their longitudinal hospital readmission and mortality patterns
Authors: Ng Shawn Choon Wee , Kwan Yu Heng , Yan Shi , Tan Chuen Seng , Low Lian Leng
Published: July 2019

Background:
High-risks patients are vulnerable during transitions of care. Segmentation of such heterogenous patients into distinct subgroups help facilitate healthcare resource planning. We aimed to segment a high-risk population using latent class analysis (LCA) and assess its association with 30-day and 90-day hospital readmission and mortality.

Methods:
We extracted data from all H2H program participants from June to November 2018. LCA was used to determine the optimal number and characteristics of latent subgroups, assessed based on model fit and clinical interpretability. Regression analysis was performed to assess association of class membership on 30- and 90-day all-cause readmission and mortality.

Results:
Among 752 patients, a 3-class best fit model was selected: Class 1 “Frail, cognitively impaired and physically dependent”, Class 2 “Pre-frail, but physically independent” and Class 3 “Physically independent”. The 3 classes have distinct demographics, medical and socioeconomic characteristics (p<0.05), 30- and 90-day readmission (p<0.05) and mortality (p<0.01). Class 1 patients have the highest age-adjusted 90-day readmission (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.21-3.46, p= 0.008), 30- (OR=6.92, 95%CI: 1.76-27.21, p=0.006) and 90-day mortality (OR=11.51, 95%CI: 4.57-29.02, p<0.001).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the applicability of LCA in identifying 3 unique subgroups with distinct readmission and mortality risks among high-risk patients, providing important information for tailoring future integrated care interventions.
Factors affecting on the leaving job and reentry for the Japanese dental hygienist
Authors: Nomura Yoshiaki , Okada Ayako , Yamamoto Yuko , Kakuta Erika , Tomonari Hiroshi , Hosoya Noriyasu , Hanada Nobuhiro , Yoshida Naomi , Takei Noriko
Published: July 2019

Background

Working dental hygienists is not sufficient. About 40% licensed dental hygienist are leaving their professional jobs. Re-entry of leaving dental hygienist is expected to compensate the unbalance of demand and supply. The purpose of this study was to identify the obstacles for re-entry of leaving dental hygienists and propose the countermeasures for supporting re-entry

Methods

The Japan Dental Hygienists Association has been conducted survey of the Employment Status of Japanese dental hygienist every 5 years since 1981. Questionnaires were distributed for all members of the Japan Dental Hygienists Association. Among the 94 items, following eight specific items were used for analysis: 1. The reason of leaving the job. 2. How long have you been leaving the job? 3. Willingness to reentry. 4. How do you find your work for re-entry? 5. Is there any obstacle for the reentry? 6. What is your obstacle for reentry? 7. Do you need lecture course for reentry? 8. What kind of lecture course contents do you want to attend?

Results

Questioners were distributed for 16,113 members of Appeases Dental hygienist Association, and 8,780 were responded (collection rate: 54.5%). By log-linear analysis, for the reason of leaving the job, dissatisfaction with work content and marriage were significant in age groups ≤29 and 30-39. Child birth / child rearing were significant in age groups of ≤29, 30-39 and 40-49. Payment were significant in 30-39 and 40-49.Child birth / rearing and working hours were most important impact on the leaving job and obstacle for reentry. In this study, number of dental hygienist who leave the job by child birth / rearing was highest.

Conclusion

Workplace improvement including flexible working time may be most important factors or the reentry for the dental hygienist with leaving jobs. Social support system is indispensable to improve women's working environment.
Determinants of overburdening among informal carers: A systematic review
Authors: Lindt Nienke , Berkel Jantien van , Mulder Bob
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: The Dutch population is ageing, resulting in rising care demands and healthcare costs, which in turn led to a shift from formal to informal care. However, not only is the number of potential informal carers fastly decreasing, informal caregivers also experience higher caregiver burden. This literature review aimed at identifying the determinants of caregiver burden, to inform future interventions and foster informal care activities.

Research Design and Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles included in either PubMed, Scopus and/or PsychInfo has been conducted.

Results: 17 articles have been included. The most important predictors were the duration of caregiving and the dependency level of the patient, both in terms of physical dependency and mental dependency stemming from decreased cognitive capacity or behavioral problems. Some specific illnesses and role conflicts or captivity also increased burden, while social support lowered it. Being a female caregiver or having an adult-childrelationhip led to higher burden.

Discussion and Implications: Firstly, it is recommended that specific interventions are designed for carers most at risk and that they focus on increasing the patient’s physical and mental independency. Moreover, interventions need to be adapted to the illness trajectory of specific diseases and the adhering needs for social support of both the recipient and caregiver. Lastly, role expectations should be changed, leading to men being more involved. Future research could focus on determining causality, the concept of ‘time’ and the relevance of cultural expectations.
Increased songbird nest depredation due to invasive Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) encroachment in Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Ben-David Asaf , Shamoon Hila , Izhaki Ido , Efronny Roni , Maor Roi , Dayan Tamar
Published: July 2019

Background In recent decates, a decrease of passerine densities was documented in Mediterenean shrublands. At the same time, a widspread encroachment of Aleppo pines (Pinus halepensis) to Mediterranean shrubland occurred. Such changes in vegetation structure may effect passerine predator assemblage and densities, and in turn impact passerine densities. Depredation during the nesting season is an important factor to influence passerine population size. Understanding the effects of changes in vegetation structure (pine encroachment) on passerine nesting success is the main objective of this study. We do so by assesing the effects of Aleppo pine encroachment on Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) nest depredation in Mediterranean shrublands.
Methods We examined direct and indirect predation pressures throught a gradients of pine density, using four methods: (1) placing dummy nests; (2) acoustic monitoring of mobbing events; (3) direct observations on nest predation using cameras; and (4) observation of Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) behaviour as indirect evidence of predation risk.
Results We found that Aleppo pine encroachment to Mediterranean shrublands increased nest predation by Eurasian jays. Nest predation was highest in with median encroaching pine. These areas are suitable for warblers, but had high occurrence rate of Eurasian jays.
Conclusions Invasive pines directly increase activity of avian predators in shrubland habitats which impacted shrubland songbird nesting success. These findings are supported by multiple methodologies, illustrating different predation pressures along a gradient of pine densities in natural shrublands. Management of Aleppo pine seedlings and removal of unwanted trees in natural shrubland might mitigate arrival and expansion of native-invasive predators and decrease the predation pressure on passerine nests.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among young women in tertiary education: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Dinegde Negalign Getahun
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the top cancer in women both in the developed and the developing world. The Addis Ababa Cancer registry reported that breast cancer accounts for 34% of all female cancer cases. Many deaths can be avoided if the cancer can be detected and treated early. Practice of breast self-examination is a convenient, no-cost tool that can be used on a regular basis for detecting breast illness at an early stage. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE among young females at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on the total sample size of 381 females using self-administered questionnaire adapted from other studies. The data were entered using Epi-data software version 4.1.1 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for further statistical analysis. The study analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics: namely frequency, mean, student t-test, ANOVA, linear & logistic regression.
Results: Majority of the participants were single (85.2%), orthodox Christian (67%), and grew up in urban (77.7%) with mean age of 20.84 years. The majority (94.1%) of the participants had no any family history of breast cancer. Almost half (52.5%) of the respondents had heard about breast cancer self-examination, while the media were the main source of information. The study revealed that only as little as 47 (13.1%) respondents did appropriate BSE, while two third of the females not practicing BSE reported that the reasons were, they didn’t know how to do it, forgetfulness, and didn’t have any breast problem. In addition, the females’ previous information about BSE makes the greatest unique contribution to explaining the BSE knowledge level. Moreover, the study indicates that the more age and knowledge the females have, the more likely it is that they will report practicing BSE.
Conclusion: Further implementations are needed in addressing young females, making awareness and advocacy campaigns about BSE in order to increase early diagnosis of breast cancer which raises the chances for successful treatment in Ethiopia.
Key words: Breast cancer, Breast cancer self-examination, Knowledge, Practice, Ethiopia.
Combining the Platelet-to-Albumin Ratio with Serum and Pathologic Variables to Establish a Risk Assessment Model for Lymph Node Metastasis of Gastric Cancer and Evaluation of Its Predictive Value
Authors: Huang Chao , Xia Yongqiang , Xiao Li , Liu Zitao , Huang Jun , Luo Hongliang , Zong Zhen , Zhu Zhengming
Published: July 2019

Background

The preoperative platelet count and serum tumor markers have been shown to correlate with the lymph node metastasis (LNM) of gastric cancer (GC).The aim of this study was to establish a risk assessment model that incorporated the platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) for LNM of GC and to evaluate its clinical significance.

Methods

The clinical data of 314 patients with GC diagnosed by postoperative pathology were collected in our hospital. According to whether there was LNM in the pathological specimens of the operation, the patients were divided into the group without LNM and the group with LNM. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the relevant factors affecting LNM of GC and to identify independent risk factors for LNM of GC. The random forest algorithm was used to extract the important risk factors of LNM in GC. A nomogram model of the risk assessment of LNM of GC was constructed by the “rms” package of R software. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the model for predicting LNM of GC.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the factors associated with LNM of GC were sex (P=0.015), smoking (P=0.027), lesion size (P=0.000), pathological type (P=0.001), differentiation degree (P=0.000), infiltration depth (P=0.000), PAR (P=0.005), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 (P=0.017), CA125 (P=0.000) and CA72-4 (P=0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed that lesion size [odds ratio (OR): 1.322; P = 0.000], differentiation degree (OR: 0.582; P = 0.001), and depth of invasion (OR: 1.734; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for LNM in GC. The risk assessment model of LNM in GC was established according to the ranking of variables shown by the random forest algorithm. The C statistic of the model evaluation was 0.827, the sensitivity was77.2%, and the specificity was 74.8%.

Conclusion

Lesion diameter larger than 2.65 cm, poor differentiation and deep infiltration were high-risk factors for LNM in GC. The nomogram model constructed by PAR, lesion size, infiltration depth, CA125, CA19-9, CA72-4, and differentiation degree, can well predict the risk of LNM in GC.
Impact of dose reduction and treatment delay of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Borg David , Hedner Charlotta , Jirström Karin , Johnsson Anders
Published: July 2019

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma is often hampered by toxicities and fragile patients resulting in dose reductions and/or treatment delays. The aim of this study was to assess how these treatment modifications affect outcome.

Methods

A series of 63 consecutive patients treated 2008-2014 with neoadjuvant EOX (epirubicin, oxaliplatin and capecitabine) and surgical resection, with or without adjuvant treatment, were reviewed. Chemotherapy dose index (DI), i.e. the ratio of actual to planned cumulative dose, and time index (TI), i.e. the ratio of planned to actual total duration, were calculated. Associations of neoadjuvant EOX DI and TI with histopathologic response were analysed with binary logistic regression. Time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses.

Results

Statistically significant associations were found between neoadjuvant EOX TI >= 0.95 and a major histopathologic response (0-10% residual cancer cells) and between neoadjuvant EOX DI >= 0.95 and a response with 0-50% residual cancer cells. Significantly improved TTR and OS were seen in patients with a major histopathologic response.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that treatment delays of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma should be avoided in order to achieve a major response.
Pruning from spheroidal to cubic canopy induced aphid outbreak by altering the plant performance in spindle tree
Authors: Liu Yinzhan , Xuan Juan , Chen Anqun , Qiao Chunlian , Miao Renhui , Zhao Cancan
Published: July 2019

The effects of pruning on animal-plant interactions have rarely been studied. We thus conducted field experiments to examine the impact of artificially-pruned shapes (e.g. cubic and spheroidal canopy) on the performance of the spindle tree and the resulting aphid abundance at three sites; on a university campus, at a road green belt, and in a residential area. The results showed aphid abundance was 89.9 times higher in plants with a cubic canopy than with a spheroidal canopy. Plants with a cubic canopy had lower leaf dry mass content and inflorescence numbers, but greater fresh twig length than the plants with a spheroidal canopy. The aphid abundance was negatively correlated with the leaf dry mass content and inflorescence numbers, and positively correlated with the fresh twig length. The results can provide data support for human actives can alter plant performance, and thereby to change insect preference.
Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes and acid-base expressions in Asian adults
Authors: Yu Huang-Ping , Liao Chia-Chih , Yeh Jiun-Ting , Li Allen , Liu Fu Chao
Published: July 2019

Background:
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters helps clinicians identify patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease. In previous literature, reference values for CSF may be based on patients who were not truly healthy, other species, or outdated information. In the present study, we performed lumbar puncture in patients requiring spinal anesthesia by a reasonable indication to evaluate CSF parameters in healthy adults.
Methods:
All patients between the ages of 20 and 70 years scheduled for elective orthopedic or urologic surgery requiring spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. We measured electrolytes and gas tension analysis in CSF and whole blood samples in adult humans.
Results:
A total of 28 patients were included with an average age of 44.2 years. The pH of blood and CSF were both neutral, but it was slightly lower in blood. The concentration of Na+ in blood was slightly lower compared with that in CSF. There were significantly higher levels of K+ and Ca2+ in the blood compared with CSF. Significantly lower levels of Cl- and Mg2+ in the blood were observed compared with CSF. The glucose level of CSF was about half of that in blood.
Conclusions:
We provided updated reference values for various solutes in blood and CSF in adults. Although normal CSF constituents are quite similar to that of blood, there is still a small difference in normal values between them. Analysis of CSF parameters and relevant paired blood samples is highly informative, helping clinicians diagnose a variety of CNS diseases.
Trial registration:
This present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taiwan (approval number: 201600122A3), and is registered under Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03725709).
Seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in the middle belt of Ghana
Authors: MENSAH DERRICK ADU , Debrah Linda Batsa , Aryee Clement Evans , DEBRAH ALEXANDER YAW YAW
Published: July 2019

Background
Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection is prevalent in up to 90% of the world’s population. Severe infections can be fatal and deforming in neonates. Cats serve as reservoirs for T. gondii infections. Even though many Ghanaians have cats as pets in their homes only few studies have been undertaken to assess the prevalence of the disease in Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the Goaso Municipal Hospital, in Asunafo North District of the Ahafo Region and the St. Michael’s Catholic Mission Hospital in the Bosomtwe District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 266 (146 from Asunafo North District and 120 from Bosomtwe District) pregnant women who consented to participate in the study was undertaken. To gather information on associated risk factors, structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. In addition, 3 mls of venous blood was collected from each participant for anti-T. gondii IgG and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analyses using ELISA.

Results
A total of 64.3% (171/266) of the study participant were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and 26.3% (70/266) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. This signifies that 64.3% of the study population have been exposed to the infection and 26.3% were actively infected. There were no differences (P=0.383) between the overall T. gondii seroprevalences in the two Districts. There was a significant difference between antibody concentration levels and age in the Bosomtwe District in Ashanti Region. No association (OR<1) was found between the seroprevalences and the suspected risk factors assessed in this study.

Conclusion
The study showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women visiting the two health facilities in the two Regions was higher compared to the 30%-65% reported as the global population infection status. This study provides baseline data for future studies in the other Districts and Regions in the country to ascertain the overall seroprevalence in Ghana.
Association between IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Xiaodong , Liu Jingming
Published: July 2019

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IL-1A (-889C/T, rs1800587) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out in the databases updated on July 1, 2019, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Through STATA 14.0 software, the association between IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis was calculated by pooled odds rations (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Harbord test was used for the publication bias. Results The results of overall meta-analysis revealed that IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis among all the genetic models, including allele contrast (T vs. C, OR (95% CI): 1.297 (1.038-1.622), P=0.022), dominant model (TT+CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.337 (1.015-1.761), P=0.039), recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT, OR (95% CI): 1.453 (1.138-1.856), P=0.003), and codominant model (TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.555 (1.187-2.038), P=0.001; CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 2.559 (1.245-5.260), P=0.011). The results of subgroup analyses indicated that IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism was closely related to the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in African population (T vs. C, OR (95% CI): 1.277 (1.039-1.571), P=0.020; TT+CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.357 (1.061-1.735), P=0.015; TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.599 (1.115-2.292), P=0.011), in European population (TT vs. CC+CT, OR (95% CI): 1.645 (1.112-2.435), P=0.013; TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.639 (1.044-2.574), P=0.032) and in American population (CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 6.404 (3.000-13.669), P<0.001). Conclusions IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in African, European and American populations according to the currently available evidence. However, more large-scale, multi-ethnic case-control studies are required to be conducted in future to confirm the role of IL-1A (-889C/T) gene in the occurrence and development of chronic periodontitis.
Comparison between Ultrasound-guided TIVAD via the right innominate vein and the right internal jugular vein approach
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Bai Xuming , Shen Jiaofeng , Yu Ziyang , Zhuang Zhixiang , Jin Yong
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of right internal jugular vein (IJV) approach and right innominate vein (INV) approach for US-guided totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches.
Methods: Six hundred and nineteen adult patients had long-term infusion and chemotherapy needs and inconvenience of peripheral venous infusion. Right INV approach was used to implant 339 cases of TIVADs, and right IJV approach was used to implant 280 cases of TIVADs. The success rate of one-time catheterization and the incidence of complications in the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: All patients were successfully implanted in TIVAD. The success rates of one-time puncture in INV group and IJV approach group were 98.53% (334/339) and 95.36% (267/280), respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P=0.020). The incidence of perioperative complications was 1.18% (4/339) and the long-term complications was 3.54% (12/339) in the right INV group. The incidence of perioperative complications was 1.43% (4/280) and the long-term complications was 3.93% (11/280) in the right INV group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P=0.785，P=0.799, respectively).
Conclusions:
US-guided TIVADs via the right INV approach and the right IJV approach are both safe and reliable. The right INV approach improves the one-time puncture success rate, as long as the technique is properly operated, serious complications rarely occur.
Chinese Classical Prescription (Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction) for Hemorrhoidal Disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Qing , Shi Shuo-yang , Wu Ben-sheng , Xu Cheng-biao , Geng Ji , Shen Zhao-feng , Chen Tuo , Zhang Dan , Jiang Feng , He Zhong-qi , chen Yu-gen
Published: July 2019

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is one of the commonest proctologic condition in the general population. Medical therapy for HD has not been formally confirmed due to the inconsistent of results. Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction, a kind of ancient Chinese classical prescription, has been used to treat HD from the 19th century in China. However, clinical research of Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction in the treatment of HD is lack. We designed this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction in the treatment of HD.
Methods/Design: A randomized, controlled, double blind, double-mimetic agent and multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction is proposed. HD patients (stage I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) will be randomly assigned into Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction with the addition of Diosmine mimetic agent group and Diosmine with the addition of Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction mimetic agent group. Patients will receive a 7-day treatments and a 7-day follow-up. The primary outcome measure is the French Bleeding Score in 7 and 14 days. The Secondary outcome measures are Goligher Prolapse Score and Quality-of-Life Score in 7 and 14 days.
Discussion: This study will provide objective evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction in treatment of HD.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. ChiCTR-1900022531.Registered 19 Apr 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx.
Keywords: Hemorrhoidal disease, Liang-Xue-Di-Huang Decoction, Chinese classical prescription, Randomized controlled trial.
Topoğrafik Yüzey Değişimlerinin Görüntü İşleme Teknikleriyle Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ZEYBEK Mustafa , ŞANLIOĞLU İsmail
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışma, topoğrafik yüzeylerde
meydana gelen hareketlerin izlenmesinde İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanımını
sunmaktadır. Çalışmada farklı zamanlarda elde edilen görüntülerde komşuluk ve korelasyon
ilişkileriyle yüzey hareketlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Son
yılların en yeni ve etkili ölçme teknolojisi hiç şüphesiz İHA’dır. İHA
görüntüleri, santimetre hassasiyette çözüm üretebilen Küresel Konumlandırma Uydu
Sistemleri (GNSS) ile birlikte kullanılarak yüzey hareketlerinin tespit
edilmesi için değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında belirli zaman
aralığında elde edilen verilerdeki özel detaylar otomatik çıkarılarak
görüntülerdeki topoğrafik yüzeyin farklı sebeplerle oluşan değişimleri
gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı koordinat sistemine sahip farklı zamanlarda elde edilen
ortomozaikler arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklardan yararlanarak görüntüler
üzerindeki topoğrafik yüzey özellikleri incelenebilmektedir. Çalışma bölgesi
olarak heyelan vakalarının yoğun olarak görüldüğü Taşkent (Konya) ilçesi seçilmiştir.
İHA görüntülerinden elde edilen ortomozaik ve sayısal arazi modeli verileri,
yüzey hareketlerinin yatay ve düşey yönde tespit edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Planimetrik
olarak 0.005 m/gün hızda yer değiştirmeler, düşeyde ise ortalama 0.004m/gün
hareketler tespit edilmiştir.
Optimal control of a planar robot manipulator based on the Linear Quadratic Inverse-Dynamics design
Authors: Mosconi Denis , Siqueira Adriano Almeida Gonçalves , Fonseca Everthon Silva
Published: July 2019

To ensure the correct positioning of the end-effector of robot manipulators is one of the most important objectives of the robotic systems control. Lack of reliability in tracking the reference trajectory, as well as in the desired final positioning compromises the quality of the task to be performed, even causing accidents. The purpose of this work was to propose an optimal controller with an inner loop based on the dynamic model of the manipulator and a feedback loop based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator, in order to ensure that the end effector is in the right place, at the right time. The controller was compared to the conventional PID, presenting better performance, both in the transient response, eliminating overshoot, and steady-state, eliminating the stationary error.
The Machine Learning landscape of top taggers
Authors: Kasieczka Gregor , Plehn Tilman , Butter Anja , Cranmer Kyle , Debnath Dipsikha , Dillon Barry M. , Fairbairn Malcolm , Faroughy Darius A. , Fedorko Wojtek , Gay Christophe , Gouskos Loukas , Kamenik Jernej Fesel , Komiske Patrick , Leiss Simon , Lister Alison , Macaluso Sebastian , Metodiev Eric , Moore Liam , Nachman Benjamin , Nordström Karl , Pearkes Jannicke , Qu Huilin , Rath Yannik , Rieger Marcel , Shih David , Thompson Jennifer , Varma Sreedevi
Published: July 2019

Based on the established task of identifying boosted, hadronically
decaying top quarks, we compare a wide range of modern machine learning
approaches. Unlike most established methods they rely on low-level
input, for instance calorimeter output. While their network
architectures are vastly different, their performance is comparatively
similar. In general, we find that these new approaches are extremely
powerful and great fun.