bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Zinc Metal Battery Development: Using Fibrous Zirconia for Rapid Surface Conduction of Zinc Ions With Modified Water Solvation Structure
Authors: Cha Jin Seong , Park Sanghyeon , Hwang Yuna , Yoon Eun Jeong , Gueon Donghee , Yuk Jong Min , Kang Yun‐Chan , Lee Chan‐Woo , Yang Jung Hoon
Published: October 2024

The two most critical technical issues in Zn‐based batteries, dendrite formation, and hydrogen evolution reaction, can be simultaneously addressed by introducing negatively charged fibrous ZrO2 as a separator. Electron redistribution between ZrO2 and Zn2+ ions renders the ZrO2 surface a preferred adsorption site for Zn2+ ions, making surface conduction the primary ion‐transport mode. Surface conduction enables fibrous ZrO2 to exhibit a 6.54 times higher single‐Zn‐ion conductivity than that of conventional glass fiber, minimizing the concentration gradient of Zn2+ and suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, strong Zr─O─Zn bonding stabilizes the Zn2+ ions with fewer solvated H2O molecules (≈2), preventing water molecules from approaching the electrode surface, as evidenced by a 58.8% decrease in the hydrogen evolution rate. Consequently, the cycling stability of a fibrous‐ZrO2‐based Zn/Zn symmetric cell (3000 h at 1 mAh cm−2 and 5 mA cm−2) is approximately ten times greater than that of the conventional variant. Furthermore, a fibrous‐ZrO2‐based Zn–I2 full cell exhibits a notably high energy density (271.4 Wh kg−1) as well as a long lifespan (≈5000 cycles) at an ultrahigh current density (4 A g−1).
Satellite‐Based Solar Irradiance Forecasting: Replacing Cloud Motion Vectors by Deep Learning
Authors: Straub Nils , Karalus Steffen , Herzberg Wiebke , Lorenz Elke
Published: October 2024

Satellite‐based (SAT) methods are widely used to forecast surface solar irradiance up to several hours ahead. Herein, a cloud index‐based version of the Heliosat method is applied to infer irradiance from Meteosat Second Generation images. The cloud index (CI) is derived from images in the visible range and quantifies the impact of clouds on surface solar irradiance. Conventional SAT methods utilize cloud motion vectors (CMVs) from consecutive CI images to predict future cloud conditions and subsequently retrieve irradiance. In this study, HelioNet is introduced—a convolutional neural network (CNN) with UNet architecture designed to predict future CI situations from sequences of preceding CI images. Forecasts of two HelioNet configurations are benchmarked against CMV and persistence over a full year (2023), with lead times (LT) up to 4 h. HelioNet15 min recursively generates forecasts at 15 min resolution. HelioNethybrid begins with forecasts at 15 min resolution for , then uses a 45 min resolved model to forecast all remaining LT steps. HelioNet15 min achieves root mean square error (RMSE) improvements of >15% over the CMV model within the first hour on image level. HelioNethybrid shows superior performance for all LT across all metrics considered, with an average RMSE improvement of >11% on image and 8% at irradiance level.
The culture of small institutions: Unique spaces for meaningful and sustainable collaboration between academic affairs and student affairs
Authors: Vail Charlotte Maheu
Published: October 2024

Collaboration between academic and student affairs fosters meaningful student engagement, supports academic achievement, and facilitates a robust campus community. Although these partnerships can be challenging to develop, small institutions occupy a unique position in higher education, as these collaborations are highly valued as fundamental to the campus culture and an essential factor in the practical life of the institution. By focusing specifically on the role of the faculty in collaboration with student affairs professionals at small institutions, this article demonstrates the unique and tremendous power of small institutions in fostering meaningful, robust, and sustainable partnerships between academic and student affairs. Because of their histories, traditions, and structure, small institutions possess a strong and distinct foundation for collaborative work with corresponding benefits and challenges.  Finally, this article provides practical recommendations for student affairs professionals at small institutions about ways to draw upon their distinct culture and to understand why these partnerships are important for our students and their development, for faculty and student affairs professionals, for our institutions that are faced with mounting economic, social, and political pressures, and for the public good more broadly.
Long‐Term Monitoring of ApoE4 within Aqueous Humor Using Intraocular Lenses Containing Target‐Responsive Inverse Opal Hydrogel
Authors: Lee Hyo , Lim Jaewook , Shin Moo‐Kwang , Moon Chae‐Eun , Lee Jun‐Ki , Kim Jiwon , Kang Yujin , Woo Ji Yong , Haam Seungjoo
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose significant challenges to global healthcare because of their irreversible postsymptomatic progression. Conventional radiographic techniques have limitations in early detection, owing to the time lapse between symptom recognition by individuals and precise inspection using medical instruments. Current research explores ophthalmic approaches to address this gap, investigating the physiological link between ocular health and brain diseases. Intraocular lenses (IOLs), widely used in cataract and refractive surgeries, provide a safe and minimally invasive platform for the continuous monitoring of neurodegenerative disease biomarkers, including those associated with AD. By integrating biomolecule‐responsive sensors with IOLs, it becomes feasible to achieve early diagnosis and long‐term, noninvasive monitoring postimplantation. Herein, a fluorescently labeled inverse opal hydrogel (FIOH) is merged with IOLs for ApoE4 detection, a key risk factor for AD. The permeability and inherent photonic properties of FIOH facilitate the cumulative enhancement of the fluorescence signal. In a simulation of the aqueous humor circulation, the detection limit for ApoE4 is determined to be 0.1 nM. Therefore, FIOH‐integrated IOLs hold promise not only for early detection but also for providing a reliable platform for the continuous, noninvasive monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases after the initial, minimally invasive implantation.
Role of Lignin in Moisture Interactions of Cellulose Microfibril Structures in Wood
Authors: Zitting Aleksi , Paajanen Antti , Altgen Michael , Rautkari Lauri , Penttilä Paavo A.
Published: October 2024

Wood is a complex, multi‐component material with a variety of applications. The properties of wood are especially sensitive to its moisture content and comprehending wood–water interactions is thus paramount. Understanding of the moisture interactions of the wood polysaccharide components, cellulose microfibrils and hemicelluloses, is improving. However, the role of lignin remains less clear. In this work, X‐ray scattering measurements were carried out on delignified spruce undergoing a desorption‐adsorption cycle, and the results were compared to previous data from untreated wood. In addition, a molecular model of the cell wall nanostructure, including the main chemical components, was used to support the experimental results. Based on the small‐angle scattering, delignification affects the arrangement of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall by increasing their packing distance. Wide‐angle scattering shows that delignification has no substantial effect on the cellulose crystal structure and how it changes with moisture. Both the scattering results and simulations suggest that lignin is a passive, rather than an active participant in the moisture response of microfibril bundles in wood cell walls. Small‐angle scattering from fully wet delignified wood reveals a contribution that can be assigned to aligned nanometer scale pores which close during drying.
Validation of Fetal Medicine Foundation charts for fetal growth in twins: nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Kristensen S. E. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Gadsbøll K. , Ekelund C. K. , Sandager P. , Jørgensen F. S. , Hoseth E. , Sperling L. , Zingenberg H. J. , Sundberg K. , McLennan A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Petersen O. B.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess the validity of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) chorionicity‐specific models for fetal growth in twin pregnancy.

Methods

This was an external validation study of the FMF models using a nationwide Danish cohort of twin pregnancies. The cohort included all dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies with an estimated delivery date between 2008 and 2018, which satisfied the following inclusion criteria: two live fetuses at the first‐trimester ultrasound scan (11–14 weeks' gestation); biometric measurements available for the calculation of estimated fetal weight (EFW) using the Hadlock‐3 formula; and delivery of two liveborn infants. Validation involved assessing the distributional properties of the models and estimating the mean EFW Z‐score deviations. Additionally, the models were applied to pregnancies that delivered preterm and attended non‐scheduled visits (complicated pregnancies).

Results

Overall, 8542 DC and 1675 MCDA twin pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. In DC twins, 17 084 fetuses were evaluated at a total of 95 346 ultrasound scans, of which 44.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 37 + 0 weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per DC twin fetus from 20 + 0 weeks onwards was four. The model showed good agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in DC twins delivered at 37 + 0 weeks or later (mean ± SD EFW Z‐score, –0.14 ± 1.05). In MCDA twins, 3350 fetuses underwent 31 632 eligible ultrasound scans, of which 59.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 36 + 0 weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per MCDA twin fetus from 16 + 0 weeks onwards was 10. The model showed favorable agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in MCDA twins delivered at 36 + 0 weeks or later (mean ± SD EFW Z‐score, –0.09 ± 1.01). Non‐scheduled visits and preterm delivery before 37 + 0 weeks for DC twins and before 36 + 0 weeks for MCDA twins corresponded with smaller weight estimates, which was consistent with the study's definition of complicated pregnancy.

Conclusions

The FMF models provide a good fit for EFW measurements in our Danish national cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies assessed at routine scans. Therefore, the FMF models establish robust criteria for subsequent investigations and potential clinical applications. Future research should focus on exploring the consequences of clinical implementation, particularly regarding the identification of twins that are small‐for‐gestational age, as they are especially susceptible to adverse perinatal outcome. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Methodological Resilience Assessment of Smart Cyber Infrastructures
Authors: Dagnas Romain , Barbeau Michel , Boutin Maxime , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquin , Yaich Reda
Published: October 2024

The race for digitization created a real need to protect smart infrastructures. Environments are becoming highly connected and automated. Their growing complexity and connectivity make it hard to assure and assess their cyber resilience, i.e., protecting them from cyberattacks, failures, and errors. Traditional strategies for ensuring the cyber resilience of smart infrastructures suffer from a lack of holism. Indeed, since smart infrastructures are often structured in layers, traditional protection methods can lead to conflicting and competing goals. For instance, they may increase the resilience of specific layers at the expense of decreasing the performance of others. This chapter reviews existing methods aiming to address this problem. We focus on two leading methodological assessment families: quantitative and qualitative. The former includes numerical metrics to quantify and assist system-dependent decision-making processes. The latter builds upon symbolic modeling to offer a system-agnostic assessment. The chapter provides an in-depth exploration of quantitative and qualitative methodologies with significant potential to enhance the resilience of layered smart infrastructures. Our exploration covers classical technological aspects (e.g., cascading effects) and socio-technical factors (e.g., human-in-the-loop interaction).
Gridded Implications of Total Factor Productivity Growth
Authors: Fraysse Elizabeth A. , Hertel Thomas W. , Ray Srabashi
Published: October 2024

Quantitative models are often used to study and address sustainability challenges. However, as multiple drivers and systems interact at multiple levels, these models can be complex. To design effective policies and strategies for improving sustainability and resilience, it is important to understand which drivers are most important and which mechanisms are key to determining critical outcomes. This chapter introduces two quantitative tools to improve the traceability and transparency of the analysis: Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use, and the Environment (SIMPLE)-G1 and the minimodel. SIMPLE-G1 provides a simplified representation of agricultural production at each grid cell using one aggregate production practice that takes as its two factors of production: natural resources, human labor, and produced inputs. This framework allows for global-to-local and local-to-global feedback while retaining essential gridded biophysical and economic information. SIMPLE-G1 is helpful in identifying the most important sustainability stressors at each location. The minimodel allows for an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms and allows the user to identify critical parameters by leveraging a one-way global-to-local linkage, excluding the local-to-global feedback. Together, these tools empower researchers to have a more transparent and traceable understanding of the global-local-global connections within environmental and human systems.
Tackling Policy Leakage and Targeting Hot Spots Could Be Key to Addressing the “Wicked” Challenge of Nutrient Pollution from Corn Production in the United States
Authors: Liu Jing , Bowling Laura , Kucharik Christopher , Jame Sadia , Baldos Uris Lantz C. , Jarvis Larissa , Ramankutty Navin , Hertel Thomas W.
Published: October 2024

Reducing nutrient loss from agriculture to improve water quality requires a combination of management practices. However, it has been unclear what pattern of mitigation is likely to emerge from different policies, individually and combined, and what are the impacts on land use and farm returns at both local and national levels. We address this research gap by developing an integrated multiscale framework that evaluates alternative nitrogen loss management policies for corn production in the United States. This approach combines site- and practice-specific agroecosystem processes with a grid-resolving economic model to identify locations that can be prioritized to increase the economic efficiency of the policies. We find that regional measures, while effective at reducing nitrogen loss locally, may inadvertently displace corn production to areas where nitrogen fertilizer productivity is lower and nutrient loss rates are higher, thereby offsetting the overall effectiveness of the nutrient management strategy. This spatial spillover effect can, however, be mitigated by combining regional measures with broader nationwide policies. For instance, the combination of wetland restoration, split fertilizer application and a nitrogen loss tax could reduce nitrate nitrogen loading in the Mississippi River by 30%, with only a modest increase in corn prices (less than 2%).
Grid-Level Analysis Using SIMPLE-G
Authors: Ray Srabashi , Hertel Thomas W.
Published: October 2024

This chapter lays out the economic theory underpinning grid cell behavior in SIMPLE-G. It focuses on the case of two inputs: natural resources and human produced inputs. However, the theory is quite general and can be applied to many different versions of SIMPLE-G. Here, we lay out the key parameters governing the incidence and effectiveness of conservation policies as well as the consequences of changes in technology and commodity prices. These insights will be used to aid in explaining complex results in the applications presented in Part IV of this book.
Behavioral Parameters: Capturing Geospatial Heterogeneity in Economic Decisions and Responses
Authors: Haqiqi Iman
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the parameters of SIMPLE-G-US, a resource for spatially heterogeneous analysis within gridded economic modeling focused on land, water, and environmental sustainability. The dataset offers key economic and behavioral parameters, including land and water supply elasticities, land conversion possibilities, and substitution elasticities, capturing spatial responses of production systems to economic and environmental drivers. Integration with existing environmental and economic data unlocks avenues for analyzing and predicting land-use change, water resource allocation, and agricultural production under various scenarios. While this chapter concentrates on the US dataset, the methods introduced here can be applied to other regions. Overall, this dataset empowers researchers to tackle fundamental environmental and societal challenges through advanced geospatial understanding and modeling.
Model Validation: Comparing Gridded and Regional Simulations to Observations
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Wang Zhan , Baldos Uris Lantz C.
Published: October 2024

Model validation is a critical step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of model results and is challenging for emerging multi-scale geospatial models. This chapter focuses on the validation of the SIMPLE-G model, which involves economic decisions about land use and water withdrawals at the grid-cell level that are connected to global agricultural markets. The model must simulate complex processes to represent the complexities in observed changes in land-use patterns, which are the result of many mutually interconnected local, regional, and global drivers. Unfortunately, only a few of these models are validated, and validation techniques have been slower to advance than new model developments. In this chapter, we validate the SIMPLE-G model using various methods. We use benchmark replication, backcasting, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification. These methods help ensure that the model can replicate a base reference condition accurately, model structural processes correctly, identify important parameters, and determine sources of uncertainty in the results.
Fungal Diseases of Green Organs
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia
Published: October 2024

Globally, grapevines are grown on 7.3 million ha of land, producing 74 million tonnes of grapes for winemaking (45.7%), musts and juices (4.3%), fresh consumption (42.3%) and dried fruits (7.7%) (OIV 2022). Approximately 10,000 grapevine varieties are described, of which around 8000 are estimated to belong to Vitis vinifera, the most commonly planted species. Regardless of where grapes are grown and the specific cultivar, this species is vulnerable to the major fungal pathogens. This reality underscores the importance of fungi for viticulture—vines throughout the world face a more or less intense onslaught from fungal pathogens, depending on climatic conditions and vine and pathogen co-evolution. All green parts of the grapevine are potentially exposed to diseases that can trigger severe symptoms and economic losses.

Although fungal pathogens have been well known since the mid-nineteenth century, their life cycles and relation to the grapevine remain partially shrouded in mystery. Consequently, fungicides are still used preventively, although the regular application of active ingredients is dependent on the unpredictable mid-to-long-term weather and disease forecast and may not always be necessary. Grapevine fungal pathogens are currently being researched worldwide, with new insights being reported for the most common and devasting diseases.
Numerical Simulation of the Arc Ablation Process of PTFE Propellant
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly employed as a propellant in PPTs due to its favorable vacuum physical properties. These properties include its non-adhesiveness and non-brittleness at low temperature, low outgassing rate in vacuum, and inherent self-lubrication. PTFE is ablated and ionized under the action of the discharge arc, and the products are accelerated and ejected from the thruster under the combined action of the Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, thus generating thrust. Due to factors such as propellant ablation lag, the utilization efficiency of PTFE is very low, resulting in a low level of propulsion efficiency (about 10%), which is one of the crucial factors limiting the widespread application of PPTs in microsatellites. Therefore, establishing a simulation model that can accurately reflect the ablation process of the PPT propellant and conducting a theoretical analysis of the propellant ablation process are necessary for understanding the intrinsic mechanism of propellant ablation in the thruster and improving the propulsion performance of PPTs.
Integrated Numerical Simulation of PPTs
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Unsteady and strong transient behavior are important characteristics of the pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) pulse discharge process. During the discharge process, rapidly heating the propellant surface leads to the ablation and ionization of the wall material. The plasmoid is rapidly formed in the acceleration channel and then accelerated and ejected under the Lorentz force.
Efficiently Adapting Stateless Model Checking for C11/C++11 to Mixed-Size Accesses
Authors: Sato Shigeyuki , Mizuhashi Taiyo , Kimura Genki , Taura Kenjiro
Published: October 2024

Stateless model checking (SMC) is crucial for productivity in verified concurrent programming, and its recent developments for C/C++ and weak memory models are remarkable. The state-of-the-art SMC for C, GenMC, efficiently verifies C programs based on C11 atomics and pthreads. However, it does not support mixed-size accesses, accesses to the same memory region with different-sized types, even though they are ubiquitous in C/C++, particularly the code for memory management. As a result, GenMC does not work for C/C++ programs containing memory management. To resolve this problem, we develop a method of adapting GenMC to mixed-size accesses preserving its optimality. We experimentally evaluate the efficiency of our extended implementation of GenMC and its efficacy for memory management programs.
Carvacrol potentiates immunity and sorafenib anti-cancer efficacy by targeting HIF-1α/STAT3/ FGL1 pathway: in silico and in vivo study
Authors: Yousef Eman H. , El Gayar Amal M. , Abo El-Magd Nada F.
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia and tumor cell immunological escape greatly hinder the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment efficiency. This study is designed to investigate the capability of carvacrol (CVR) to enhance sorafenib (SOR) anti-cancer efficacy and modulate anti-HCC immunity. CVR target and biological activities were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction website and PASS web server. UALCAN and LinkedOmics databases were used to examine hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression and the relationship between studied genes and tumor clinical features. Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) and TISIDB databases were used to illustrate correlation of HIF-1α with HCC prognosis and immune infiltration. The binding affinities of CVR to p300, KAT2B, CREBBP, and Hsp90 were demonstrated by molecular docking. In vivo analysis was performed in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The STAT3, JAK2, and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR. FGL1 was determined by ELISA. CD8+ T cell number was counted by flow cytometry. HIF-1α was determined by immunohistochemistry. CVR showed an HIF-1α inhibitory potential, which is highly expressed in HCC tissues. Also, elevated HIF-1α expression has been found to be correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, poor survival in HCC patients, and tumor immune cell infiltration. CVR/SOR enhanced liver functions and decreased AFP level. CVR/SOR hindered HCC progression by downregulating STAT3, JAK2, and FGL1. CVR/SOR induced tumor immunity via increasing CD8+ T cells. CVR/SOR is a powerful combination for tumor repression and enhancing SOR efficiency in HCC by modulating FGL1. Moreover, CVR/SOR might exert the aforementioned effects through HIF-1α/STAT3/FGL1 pathway.
Enhanced three-dimensional particle detection in microcirculation experiments with defocus particle tracking and ghost red blood cells
Authors: Coutinho Gonçalo , Warlitz Philipp , Silva-Santos Ana R. , Prazeres Duarte M. , Moita Ana , Kriegseis Jochen , Moreira António , Rossi Massimiliano
Published: October 2024

Experimental investigations on the motion of rigid particles in microcirculation environments are still scarce owing to the three-dimensional (3D) motion of the particles and to the particle image masking due to the presence of the red blood cells (RBCs). Despite the recent progress on the 3D tracking of rigid particles in RBC flows with defocus particle tracking (DPT) methods, the problem of particle image masking remains to be solved. Here, we propose, test, and evaluate the use hemoglobin-free RBCs, also known as ghost RBCs, as a replacement for normal RBCs in experiments with rigid particles in microcirculation environments. We performed DPT measurements of a pressure-driven flow of normal and ghost RBC suspensions seeded with rigid particles at three different flow rates. We show that the quasi-transparent appearance of ghost RBCs, as a result of the lack of hemoglobin, eliminates the RBC-induced masking of the defocused particle images and allows to achieve the particle matching standards found in cell-free experiments. In fact, ghost RBC suspensions enable the tracking of the rigid particles across the entire height of the microchannel, which was not possible in normal RBC flows. On a fluid dynamic level, we show that ghost RBC suspensions provide similar conditions to normal RBCs in terms of the velocity of the rigid particles and the rigid particles exhibit similar lateral dynamics in both types of cell suspensions. In essence, the findings from this work demonstrate that ghost RBCs are a well-suited replacement for normal RBCs in experiments aiming at deciphering the motion of rigid particles in microcirculation environments.

Graphical abstract
How preoperative upper gastrointestinal investigations affect the management of bariatric patients: results of a cohort study of 897 patients
Authors: Poljo Adisa , Reichl Jakob J. , Schneider Romano , Süsstrunk Julian , Klasen Jennifer M. , Fourie Lana , Billeter Adrian T. , Müller Beat P. , Peterli Ralph , Kraljević Marko
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Preoperative diagnostic protocols vary worldwide, some prioritizing safety while others question routine procedures. Building on prior research, this study explores the impact of diverse preoperative findings on bariatric management and procedure selection.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of prospective data of over 1000 bariatric surgery patients from January 2017 to December 2022 undergoing primary laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were analyzed. Preoperative assessment included upper endoscopy, upper GI series, and esophageal manometry. Sonography data were excluded. The primary endpoint examined the influence of preoperative exams on procedure selection, the secondary endpoint evaluated their therapeutic impact.

Results

897 patients (741 RYGB, 156 SG) were included. All underwent upper endoscopy, revealing common findings such as type C gastritis and reflux esophagitis. Upper endoscopy prompted a therapeutic consequence in 216 patients (24.3%), resulting in a number needed to screen (NNS) of 4.1. Upper GI series and manometry were more frequently performed before LSG. Upper GI series detected hiatal hernias and motility disorders but did not result in any change of procedures. Esophageal manometry found pathologies in 37 (25.3%) patients rising to 41.5% if symptoms were present. Overall, 16 (1.8%) patients experienced a change in the planned procedure, with 14 changes prompted by preoperative findings and two by technical difficulties.

Conclusion

We advise routine upper endoscopies for all patients undergoing LRYGB or LSG, while reserving upper GI series only for selected cases. Manometry should be exclusively performed on symptomatic patients undergoing LSG, ensuring a balanced and individualized preoperative assessment.

Graphical abstract
Climate-related risk to maize crops in China from Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Urhausen Steffi , Bradshaw Catherine D. , Davie Jemma , Eyre Dominic , Hemming Deborah , Li Hongmei , Taylor Bryony , Zhang Feng
Published: October 2024

The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, invaded China late in 2018 and was responsible for substantial crop losses, especially to maize. This work focuses on the suitability of climate across China for Fall Armyworm survival and spread. It uses climate metrics derived with guidance from experts to enable assessment of the risks posed by Fall Armyworm on maize production in different regions of China. The locations and time of year when temperature conditions are within a viable range for Fall Armyworm survival (minimum temperature higher than 9.7$$^\circ$$

∘

C and maximum temperature lower than 39.2$$^\circ$$

∘

C) are used to estimate the spatial distribution of winter breeding and overwintering zones, which helps understand the regions and timing of Fall Armyworm migration risk into northern maize production regions. In addition, meridional wind conditions across the Yangtze River basin area are assessed, and a metric of migration potential from the winter breeding and overwintering regions in the south towards northern regions with maize production is established. Results show that temperature during the winter months currently limits Fall Armyworm winter breeding populations to the very southern regions of China (and bordering countries to the south). However, due to the consistent timing and direction of the East Asian Summer Monsoon winds, the Fall Armyworm could easily be directed northwards to the Yangtze River basin during summer months with a peak in July. For this reason, pest management actions against the Fall Armyworm on summer maize should be taken.
Epiretinal membrane: an overview and update
Authors: Matoba Ryo , Morizane Yuki
Published: October 2024

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a frequently diagnosed macular disease associated with aging, characterized by a fibrous membrane forming on the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and leading to visual dysfunctions such as metamorphopsia. Various hypotheses regarding the pathology of metamorphopsia have been proposed; however, the complete pathophysiologic mechanism underlying ERM remains unclear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed images enabling precise diagnosis and characterization of ERM, with several recent studies using the latest OCT imaging techniques. Surgical removal of ERM is the only treatment option; however, criteria for surgical intervention are not established, complicating the decision-making processes. Furthermore, the debate on whether simultaneous peeling of the ILM during ERM surgery enhances outcomes or poses unnecessary risks is ongoing, with no definite conclusion having yet been reached. This review also focuses on epiretinal proliferation, which is different from ERM and is characteristic of lamellar macular hole (LMH). Recently, diagnostic criteria for LMH and related diseases were proposed. Reports on effective surgical procedures for LMH exist, although more research is needed to confirm the long-term outcomes. Thus, this review article aims to provide an overview and updated knowledge of ERM, LMH, and related diseases.
Using Geographic Momentary Assessment to Explore Spatial Environment Influences on Wellbeing in People With HIV
Authors: Gasik Rayna E. , Smith Ethan A. , Skeen Simone J. , Tokarz Stephanie , Clum Gretchen , Felker-Kantor Erica , Theall Katherine P.
Published: October 2024

Place-based socio-economic and racial inequities contribute to health disparities among people with HIV (PWH). We used geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) methodologies to explore the interplay between psychosocial outcomes in daily diaries and community spatial measures among PWH in New Orleans. PWH (N = 69) were recruited from a clinic-based cohort study. Micro-longitudinal data were collected via smartphone-based daily diaries and geospatial tracking over 14 days. First, correlations were run between diary derived outcomes (e.g., feeling safe in current location, stress), and spatial measures (e.g., violent crime, alcohol outlets, and vacant lots) within a half-mile buffer around each diary point to understand the real time associations between mood and space. Next, we fit multilevel models, controlling for between-person effects, to assess within-person associations between accumulative spatial daily violence exposure (50m, 100m and 200m buffers), and measures of daily mood and coping. Violent crime, alcohol outlets and vacant lots were inversely correlated with feeling safe and positively correlated with perceived ease of obtaining drugs. Vacant lots were positively associated with stress and inversely correlated with positive mood. Within individuals, higher daily accumulated violence exposure was associated with increased rumination at the 50m buffer level, decreased trust in oneself and others at the 100m buffer, and decreased ratio of positive/negative mood at all buffers. Our results emphasize the intricate interplay between mental wellness, coping mechanisms, and spatial measures in PWH. Future research and interventions for PWH should consider how spatial factors may influence PWH in terms of mental health and care engagement.
Characteristics and Views of Young Unaccompanied Migrants Transitioning to Independent Living in the Catalan (Spain) Protection System
Authors: Sanz-Escutia Clara , Arnau-Sabatés Laura , Sala-Roca Josefina
Published: October 2024

In Spain, unaccompanied migrant minors receive care provision from the government. This article analyzes the experience of unaccompanied young migrants in the protection system of Catalonia (Spain) and their preparation for the transition to independent living. A survey with 90 unaccompanied migrant youths who were about to leave care was conducted. The results show that many of the participants were in non-specific transitional housing placements (67.7%), with scarce opportunities for developing basic independent living skills. Moreover, 29.4% of young people were not aware of the existence of an emancipation plan, and 10.3% felt that they had not received any preparation for independent living. Although only 24.4% had completed secondary education or higher, the majority were enrolled in some form of training (82.2%). Nevertheless, most of the young people had had some paid unskilled work experience (83.3%) in their countries of origin. Despite this, when interviewed, only 10% of the participants were working, and their prospects for emancipation were challenging. Their main concerns were their legal status (40.2%), finding a job (41.4%), and finding a place to live once they reached legal age (34.2%). Moreover, the youths’ social support networks were very precarious: 43.5% could count on only one person or no one at all when they needed material support, and their main source of support was educators. Implications for social work practice are discussed.
Secondary School Students’ Enacted Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in a Computer-Based Writing Task–Insights from Digital Trace Data and Interviews
Authors: Aksela Olli , Lämsä Joni , Järvelä Sanna
Published: October 2024

Studying in digital learning environments highlights the skills needed to regulate one’s own learning. In youth, students are acquiring and developing these skills, but for many students, effectively self-regulating their learning is challenging. To design support in this regard, an in depth understanding of how and why their self-regulated learning (SRL) is enacted is needed. This study focuses on secondary school students’ enacted SRL strategies in a computer-based, multi-source writing task to detect and explain differences between high- and low-performing students. To address this aim, the students’ SRL processes during the task were captured using digital trace data (N = 50, navigational log, mouse, and keyboard data) and supplemented with stimulated recall interviews (n = 17). Raw trace data were parsed by implementing an existing theory-based process library that automatically detects the SRL processes. The durations and network properties of and transitions between the SRL processes of students in the highest and lowest essay score tertiles were investigated, involving the novel application of network metrics, and a qualitative content analysis for the stimulated recall data was performed. The results show that successful students differed from less successful ones regarding the time they allotted for the SRL processes, the number of distinct transitions between them, as well as transition probabilities. The successful students expressed a larger proportion of and different cyclical patterns of SRL processes during the task. The student interviews contextualise these findings and complement them by revealing qualitative differences in students’ monitoring of learning. This study provides novel insights into SRL among young students in computer-based writing task and suggests approaches for designing effective, personalised support for students’ adaptive learning strategies, which can be useful in developing educational technology and teacher education.
Exposure to firearm injury and suicide in a rural Pennsylvania county: implications for mental and behavioral health
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Semenza Daniel C. , Ziminski Devon
Published: October 2024

To evaluate the association between self-reported gun violence exposures and mental health and behavioral health indicators in a rural population. Using cross-sectional survey responses from 630 residents of a rural county in Pennsylvania, logistic regression models estimate the likelihood of residents indicating moderate or severe levels of health outcomes as a function of gun violence exposure. We control for a series of variables related to gun ownership, behavior, history with firearms and demographic characteristics. Personal firearm victimization was associated with self-reported depressive symptoms and interrupted sleep. Secondary exposure to firearm violence, particularly exposure to friends attempting or completing a suicide, was associated with higher odds of reporting severe levels (14 days or more in the past month) of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and poor sleep. For firearm suicide involving a friend or family member, the odds of reporting severe levels of all three outcomes are 3 times greater (OR 2.984, 95% CI 1.457–6.108). For each additional firearm exposure, the odds of experiencing severe levels of mental health and sleep difficulties are 1.4 times greater (OR 1.384, 95% CI 1.115–1.720). Cumulative exposures also increase the odds of reporting binge drinking and drug use. Firearm violence exposure was associated with adverse health indicators in this rural population. Approaches to counter the effects of cumulative firearm exposure and firearm suicide exposure, including reinvigorating community spaces and strengthening social supports, may help to reduce mental health burden in rural communities.
Neutralization and CO2 fixation behavior of alkaline recycled soil using column tests with CO2 ventilation
Authors: Mon Su Myat , Sakaguchi Aya , Hayano Kimitoshi , Yamauchi Hiromoto
Published: October 2024

Column tests were conducted to elucidate the pH neutralization and CO2 fixation behavior of alkaline recycled soils permeated with CO2. The ventilation period required for complete CO2 fixation (tEOF) was estimated from the test results of each column. The maximum amount of CO2 captured per gram of dry soil ((mCO2)max) was determined based on the inflow and outflow of CO2 for each specimen. The investigation into the effects of soil density, specimen height, CO2 gas concentration, and flow rate on tEOF and (mCO2)max revealed that tEOF increased with higher dry density (ρd) or specimen height (H), as a denser and larger specimen consumed more CO2 gas. Conversely, tEOF decreased with a higher CO2 gas concentration (C) or flow volume (Q) because a low C or Q resulted in an insufficient CO2 gas supply to match the consumption induced by the reaction. Lower C and Q tended to yield higher (mCO2)max, whereas higher ρd and H resulted in higher (mCO2)max. Furthermore, (mCO2)max increased with tEOF, with a slight reduction in pH after neutralization with increased tEOF. This phenomenon was attributed to the longer ventilation period enabling more Ca to react with the CO2 gas and maintain the equilibrium state of the reaction. Finally, the evaluation of the CO2 consumption rate (CSR) for each column specimen revealed that a higher C and Q resulted in a lower CSR, whereas a higher H resulted in a higher CSR. Additionally, a longer tEOF was associated with a higher CSR, although some variation was observed.
Multimodal human–computer interaction in interventional radiology and surgery: a systematic literature review
Authors: Schreiter Josefine , Heinrich Florian , Hatscher Benjamin , Schott Danny , Hansen Christian
Published: October 2024

Purpose

As technology advances, more research dedicated to medical interactive systems emphasizes the integration of touchless and multimodal interaction (MMI). Particularly in surgical and interventional settings, this approach is advantageous because it maintains sterility and promotes a natural interaction. Past reviews have focused on investigating MMI in terms of technology and interaction with robots. However, none has put particular emphasis on analyzing these kind of interactions for surgical and interventional scenarios.

Methods

Two databases were included in the query to search for relevant publications within the past 10 years. After identification, two screening steps followed which included eligibility criteria. A forward/backward search was added to identify more relevant publications. The analysis incorporated the clustering of references in terms of addressed medical field, input and output modalities, and challenges regarding the development and evaluation.

Results

A sample of 31 references was obtained (16 journal articles, 15 conference papers). MMI was predominantly developed for laparoscopy and radiology and interaction with image viewers. The majority implemented two input modalities, with voice-hand interaction being the most common combination—voice for discrete and hand for continuous navigation tasks. The application of gaze, body, and facial control is minimal, primarily because of ergonomic concerns. Feedback was included in 81% publications, of which visual cues were most often applied.

Conclusion

This work systematically reviews MMI for surgical and interventional scenarios over the past decade. In future research endeavors, we propose an enhanced focus on conducting in-depth analyses of the considered use cases and the application of standardized evaluation methods. Moreover, insights from various sectors, including but not limited to the gaming sector, should be exploited.
Das Konzept der Dysfunktionen im Dimensionalen Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörung und seine Abgrenzung zu den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen
Authors: Herpertz Sabine C.
Published: October 2024

Funktionelle Beeinträchtigungen bzw. Dysfunktionen bilden den konzeptionellen Rahmen der Klassifikation der Persönlichkeitsstörungen in DSM‑5 und ICD-11. Dysfunktionen repräsentieren die grundlegenden psychologischen und biologischen Systeme, die den Kern der Persönlichkeitsstörungen (P.S.) bilden. Sie implizieren die Bewertung metakognitiver Prozesse im Sinne eines reflexiven Selbst, die untrennbar mit zwischenmenschlichen Prozessen interagieren. Mehr als die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale stehen die Dysfunktionen in Wechselbeziehung mit dem (sozialen) Kontext. Zudem spiegeln sie die dynamischen Aspekte der P.S. wider, die sowohl die akute, situationsabhängige Variabilität, also auch die langsamen Oszillationen im Zusammenhang mit entwicklungsbedingten und chronischen Herausforderungen, einschließen. Schließlich sind Dysfunktionen das Target therapeutischen Handelns auf der Grundlage eines Verständnisses der Prozesse, die Veränderung unterliegen.
Factors associated with physical activity in individuals with metastatic cancer: a UK cross-sectional survey
Authors: Haider Zainab Faatimah , Smith Samuel George , Walwyn Rebecca E. A. , Lally Phillippa , Fisher Abigail , Beeken Rebecca J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Physical activity is safe and feasible for individuals with metastatic cancer and may support symptom management. We investigated the extent to which individuals with metastatic cancer are meeting the World Health Organisation (WHO) moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guideline, factors associated with meeting the guideline, and perceptions about physical activity and receiving physical activity advice.

Methods

Data were from UK adults with metastatic breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer who completed the Healthy Lifestyle After Cancer survey (N = 588). Self-reported clinical, demographic, and physical activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire) data were collected. Logistic regression models assessed whether clinical and demographic factors were associated with meeting the MVPA guideline.

Results

Most (59%) individuals with metastatic cancer were not meeting the WHO guideline of 150 min of MVPA per week. Adjusting for cancer type, the odds of meeting the MVPA guideline were lower for unemployed individuals (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23–0.77) and ethnic minorities (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22–0.89), but higher for those with a university education (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.0–3.57). Most (63.5%) participants felt they should be doing more physical activity. However, 70.1% did not receive any physical activity advice or support, despite 73.6% wanting to receive it.

Conclusion

People with metastatic cancer may need further support to address inadequate levels of physical activity. The differences observed between demographic sub-groups suggest this may be more beneficial for those less likely to engage in physical activity.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Individuals with metastatic cancer are likely to benefit from increased physical activity support, which considers the needs of diverse demographic groups.