bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SANGUE DE ABATEDOUROS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS POR FERMENTAÇÃO SUBMERSA
Authors: Ernandes Samara , Moraes Iracema De Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Foi estudado o desenvolvimento de um microrganismo por fermentação submersa usando sangue de abatedouros de aves e suínos como principal substrato fermentativo, com a finalidade de obtenção de um biopesticida para uso contra pragas da Agricultura ou da Saúde Pública. O objetivo principal foi o de averiguar a viabilidade do sangue (resíduo) de aves e suínos como meio de cultura para Bacillus thuringiensis, bem como compará-los quanto à eficácia na produtividade. O processo foi desenvolvido em agitador rotatório, sendo as variáveis do processo fermentativo, pH inicial, temperatura, agitação e aeração respectivamente 7,3; 30 o C; 150 rpm e a relação 1/5 entre volume de meio de cultura para volume nominal de frasco (50 ml/250 ml). Os experimentos usando sangue como substrato, mostraram que a esterilização do sangue reduz o pH inicial do meio de cultura a níveis incompatíveis com o crescimento bacteriano e o meio de cultura não esterilizado apresentou bom crescimento do Bacillus thuringiensis, com a consequente esporulação e formação de cristais. Foram acompanhados o crescimento, através de densidade óptica, o comportamento do pH, bem como a variação da quantidade de açúcar redutor. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o sangue de aves especialmente, por permitir crescimento e esporulação mais rápidos, mas também o de suínos, que se constituem resíduos abundantes e poluentes, podem ser utilizados com vantagens para a produção de biopesticidas de Bacillus thuringiensis.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SUMÁRIA DAS OPERAÇÕES DE "PESQUE-PAGUE" AO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Lopes Ruy Bessa , Landell Filho Luiz De Carvalho
Published: January 2017

Este estudo teve como motivação básica caracterizar as operações de pesca esportiva na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, abarcando os municípios de Pereira Barreto, Palmeira D’ Oeste, Jales, Dolcinópolis e Fernandópolis. Foram realizadas visitas a nove lagos de pesca esportiva. Na visita foi aplicado um inquérito do tipo aberto, de caracterização geral da propriedade. Algumas das questões versavam sobre: condição fundiária, ocupação principal do operador de pesca esportiva, preocupação com a questão ambiental, perfil do público usuário, entre outras. A caracterização das propriedades que abrigam empreendimentos de pesca esportiva apresentam dois formatos básicos: a) aquelas que utilizam o "pesque-pague" como alternativa de renda ao negócio agrícola, e b) aquelas com renda principal a partir do "pesque-pague". a condição fundiária das propriedades e dos lagos de pesca é composta em sua maior parte por imóveis próprios, e possuem uma administração tipicamente familiar. Em sua maior parte, as operações de pesca estudadas estavam associadas a atividades agropecuárias e de forma secundária ao lazer e turismo. O pescador-usuário se compõe de um público constante e que desloca-se pouco De modo geral, as questões referentes ao meio ambiente do empreendimento ainda são pouco internalizadas pelos operadores de pesca.
ESTUDO SOBRE AS PRINCIPAIS PRAÇAS DE JABOTICABAL E TAQUARITINGA (SP)
Authors: Pegolo Lisandra Cristina Nogueira Cabril , Demattê Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão
Published: January 2017

As praças e os jardins sempre povoaram o imaginário humano. Dentro das cidades, melhoram a qualidade de vida e embelezam a paisagem. Muito importantes no passado, esses espaços verdes têm história e memória próprias, que são pouco lembradas atualmente. O presente trabalho estudou as principais praças de duas cidades do interior

paulista – Jaboticabal e Taquaritinga – a fim de verificar que relações vêm ocorrendo entre os habitantes e essas praças no decorrer do tempo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram

que, de acordo com a época, maneiras diferentes existem em como as pessoas usufruem das praças de suas cidades. Verificaram-se também poucas semelhanças entre

jaboticabalenses e taquaritinguenses, no que diz respeito a como interagem com as suas praças.
CONDICIONANTES DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO LITORAL NORTE PAULISTA – O EXEMPLO DA BACIA DO CÓRREGO DA LAGOINHA – UBATUBA – SP, BRASIL.
Authors: Salati Filho Enéas , Cottas Luis Roberto
Published: January 2017

O Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo tem uma vocação natural para atividades relacionadas ao turismo, especialmente sob o prisma da utilização dos recursos

naturais das praias e águas costeiras. As análises sistemáticas realizadas pela CETESB sobre a qualidade das águas costeiras evidenciam degradação, especialmente pela

contaminação com esgoto doméstico.

O trabalho realizado procura identificar as condicionantes para o desenvolvimento sustentável baseado no turismo para uma área representativa tomada como modelo. A área escolhida foi a Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego da Lagoinha,

localizada no Município de Ubatuba. Esta escolha foi decorrente de suas características físicas e antrópicas típicas da região.

Foram organizadas cartas temáticas básicas e cartas integradas na escala de 1:10.000, caracterizadas a atual situação deste geossistema, a legislação municipal

estudos da correlação dessa área no contexto regional. Para interpretar os dados foram utilizados métodos de listagens, matrizes e análise espacial.

Foram identificados como fatores condicionantes, as formações geológicas, os recursos hídricos, a legislação, o sistema viário, a variação relativa do nível médio do

mar e a tendência atual do processo de urbanização. São feitas sugestões para mitigar os efeitos das ações antrópicas sobre a qualidade ambiental que comprometem o turismo

daquela região.
FABRICAÇÃO DE BLOCOS ESTRUTURAIS DE CONCRETO COM RESÍDUOS DE BORRACHA DE PNEUS
Authors: Fioriti César Fabiano , Akasaki Jorge Luis
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho avalia a técnica de fabricação de blocos de concreto com função estrutural utilizáveis em alvenaria. Foram adicionados nos compósitos de concreto, resíduos de borracha provenientes do processo mecânico de recauchutagem de pneus. Prepararam-se cinco diferentes dosagens de concreto contendo resíduos de borracha e uma sem resíduos para servir como referência. Aos 28 dias de idade os blocos produzidos foram submetidos aos ensaios de resistência mecânica à compressão simples e capacidade de absorção de água.

O intuito deste trabalho foi à obtenção de um possível material alternativo para a indústria da construção civil, contribuindo dessa maneira para a proteção ambiental e a conservação das fontes naturais de materiais convencionalmente utilizados, pois os resíduos da recauchutagem de pneus podem ser definidos como resíduos sólidos particularmente intratáveis, já que sua decomposição pode se estender até 240 anos. E embora existam oportunidades para reciclagem dos resíduos de pneus, o mercado brasileiro está longe de consegui-lo visto à enorme quantidade deste material que é acumulada.
INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE TORTA DE FILTRO NO SOLO SOBRE A MIGRAÇÃO E PERSISTÊNCIA DE STEINERNEMA GLASERI (STEINER, 1929) (NEMATODA:RHABDITIDA)
Authors: Rodrigues Regina Celia Devitte , Aguillera Marineide Mendonça , Gobbi Nivar , Pizano Marcos Aparecido
Published: January 2017

Nematóides entomopatogênicos são usados no controle biológico de vários insetos/praga. Ocorrem naturalmente, e há grande interesse em conhecer as condições do ambiente que possam favorecer suas atividades no solo para localizar hospedeiros potenciais e sua sobrevivência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da torta de filtro (T.F.) adicionada ao solo (SO) sobre a migração e persistência de

Steinernema glaseri. Os tratamentos consistiram de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de T.F. adicionados em solo esterilizado: arenoso e argiloso. Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) foi usada como hospedeiro indicador para a atividade dos juvenis infectivos do nematóide. No solo arenoso, a adição de T.F. em proporção de até 50% não influenciou a migração de nematóides em direção ao hospedeiro, enquanto em solo argiloso a proporção máxima onde ocorreu a migração foi de 25% T.F. Os juvenis infectivos moveram-se mais para a superfície do que para o fundo da coluna quando o substrato continha solo arenoso. Em solo argiloso, a movimentação foi semelhante nas duas direções em todos os teores de T.F. A persistência do

nematóide foi mais elevada em substratos com solo argiloso, nos tratamentos com maior proporção de solo em relação à torta de filtro.
ILHA DO MARAJÓ: REVISÃO HISTÓRICA, HIDROCLIMATOLOGIA, BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS E PROPOSTAS DE GESTÃO
Authors: Lima Aline Maria Meguins de , Oliveira Leidiane Leão de , Fontinhas Reginaldo Luso , Lima Ronaldo Jorge da Silva
Published: January 2017

A Ilha do Marajó no Estado do Pará é apresentada neste trabalho, através de suas condições hidroclimatológicas e ambientais, gerando um informe atualizado dos principais problemas que ocorrem e podem ser agravados, pelo manejo incorreto de seus recursos, devido às suas particularidades naturais e à sua importância como um ecossistema único na bacia Amazônica.
APLICAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DE CONSTRUÇÃO E DEMOLIÇÃO EM SOLO – CIMENTO
Authors: Silveira Paulo Edison Martins da , Nobrega Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2017

A geração de resíduos de construção e demolição constitui um grande problema ambiental. Em Piracicaba, SP, são geradas aproximadamente 620 toneladas/dia deste resíduo. O problema acarreta diversos prejuízos ambientais, tais

como: disposição irregular dos resíduos agregando lixo e atraindo animais transmissores de doenças; entulhos em vias públicas e córregos afetando a drenagem e a estabilidade de encostas; degradação visual urbana; redução da vida útil de aterros e de recursos minerais não renováveis. Os municípios buscam atender às exigências da Resolução 307 (CONAMA, 2002) empreendendo ações para o reaproveitamento

desses resíduos como agregado para pavimentação, fechamento de valas e confecção de artefatos de concreto. Há, entretanto, necessidade de sua utilização em maior

escala, possibilitando que estes materiais passem a constituir alternativas economicamente viáveis. Assim, propõe-se sua utilização como agregado no compósito solo-cimento. Foram testadas propriedades físicas, tecnológicas e químicas de misturas contendo resíduo de construção civil reciclado e solo em diferentes proporções resíduo/solo. Verificou-se que as misturas nas proporções de 50%, 75% e 100% atendem às especificações tecnológicas para emprego como solocimento.

Quanto aos aspectos químicos, a utilização do resíduo como agregado no solo-cimento se mostrou exeqüível e eficiente no encapsulamento de contaminantes.
CAPACIDADE DE AUTODEPURAÇÃO DE UM TRECHO DO RIO CORUMBATAÍ, SP, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Gina Maria de Palma , Tauk-Tornisielo Sâmia Maria , Pião Antonio Carlos Simões
Published: January 2017

O Índice de Depuração do baixo curso do Rio Corumbataí, SP, foi avaliado considerando a importância da água, quanto à qualidade e quantidade para abastecimento público através do índice K2. Sazonalmente nos períodos úmido/quente e seco/frio foram realizadas coletas em dois afluentes do Rio Corumbataí, o Rio Passa-Cinco e o Ribeirão Água Vermelha. As coletas foram realizadas no canal dos afluentes e após a foz de cada um deles junto ao rio Corumbataí, medindo-se a velocidade da água, vazão, profundidade, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química do oxigênio (DQO) e nitrogênio total (NT). O curso de água do rio Corumbataí serve como receptor de grande quantidade de cargas orgânicas provenientes de fontes difusas tais como efluentes urbanos, rurais e industriais, lançados sem tratamento prévio, ocorrendo um grau de degradação acentuado. O rio Corumbataí, no trecho estudado, possui uma taxa de depuração alta, sendo no período seco/frio de aproximadamente 70,3%, provavelmente decorrente da declividade acentuada, que possui neste trecho, aos seus meandros e formações rochosas de fundo e pela presença de mata ciliar. Desta maneira, esse trabalho pode contribuir para a tomada de decisões de autoridades dos Municípios e da sociedade civil pertencentes ao Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica PCJ, visando à preservação do manancial e da água de abastecimento público.
Secret Agent for International Maoism:
Authors: Rothwell Matthew
Published: January 2017

The Chilean artist José Venturelli was a supporter of Maoist China. This article, a brief political biography of Venturelli, shows how he acted on behalf of the People’s Republic of China’s informal diplomacy among Latin Americans and worked to promote Maoist politics among Latin American revolutionaries. The article also advances the hypothesis that Venturelli represents an archetype of the sort of international actor who was key to the globalization of revolutionary politics during the long 1960s.
The Residential Learning Community as a Platform for High-Impact Educational Practices Aimed at At-Risk Student Success
Authors: Hall Bryan , O'Neal Tom
Published: January 2017

This paper reports and analyzes the findings of a residential learning community (RLC) project for academically at-risk students piloted in academic year 2013-14 at Indiana University Southeast. Consisting of an array of high-impact practices, and using both student self- reporting measures of our own design and a rubric-based assessment of academic performance, the cohort was retained at a higher rate and performed better on both content outcomes and analytical abilities than their non-RLC peers. These students also expressed a high degree of connectedness to their peers and instructors as well as greater engagement with the university.
The Postcolonial Museum: The Arts of Memory and the Pressures of History (Chambers, De Angelis, Ianniciello, Orabona, and Quadraro eds.)
Authors: Segger Martin
Published: January 2017

This work is a book review considering the title The Postcolonial Museum: The Arts of Memory and the Pressures of History edited by Iain Chambers, Alessandra De Angelis, Celeste Ianniciello, Mariangela Orabona, and Michaela Quadraro.
A Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Framework for Improving Academic and Postsecondary Outcomes of Students with Moderate or Severe Intellectual Disability
Authors: Rivera Christopher J. , Jimenez Bree A. , Baker Joshua N. , Spies Tracy , Mims Pamela J. , Courtade Ginevra
Published: January 2017

The needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with moderate or severe intellectual disability (ID) are quite unique and complex. CLD students with moderate or severe ID face many of the same issues as their non-disabled CLD peers; however, due to the nature of their disability this may lead to even less access to the general curriculum, appropriate services, materials, and meaningful collaboration between families and educators. The purpose of this article is to provide a culturally responsive framework for facilitating academic instruction for CLD students with moderate or severe ID that also includes appropriate supports in an effort to increase access to postsecondary outcomes for this population. Suggestions for accessing the general curriculum and a discussion about increasing parental involvement and accessing appropriate adult agencies to further enhance these outcomes are provided.
Learning Begins When the Game Is Over: Using Games to Embrace Complexity in Natural Resources Management
Authors: Garcia Claude , Dray Anne , Waeber Patrick
Published: January 2017

We use games in the classroom to allow students to embrace the complexities of ecosystem management, and to foster adaptation and creativity. The experience of gaming will ensure the lessons drawn during the game and the after-action discussions will not be easily forgotten. With a
skilled team of facilitators, few other approaches to teaching can match the immersive qualities of gaming.
Temper Bead Welding of S420G2+M Steel in Water Environment
Authors: Fydrych D. , Świerczyńska A. , Rogalski G. , Łabanowski J.
Published: January 2017

The article presents the idea of the use of Temper Bead Welding (TBW) technique to improve the weldability of high strength steel at underwater wet welding conditions. Wet welding method with the use of covered electrodes is described. This work shows results of metallographic examinations and hardness measurements of samples of S420G2+M steel with weld beads performed under water. It has been shown that Temper Bead Welding technique may provide a way to reduce the hardness of the welds, thus is a useful method for improving weldability of high strength steel welded in underwater conditions. The optimum overlap of weld beads (pitch) was set of 55÷100%.
Polycarbonate/Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride and Nano-Zeolite-Based Nanocomposite Membrane: Mechanical and Gas Separation Performance
Authors: Kausar A.
Published: January 2017

In this effort, blend membrane of polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PPMA) was fabricated via phase inversion technique. The nano-zeolite (NZ) was employed as nanofiller. Morphology of PC/PPMA/NZ membrane revealed unique inter-connected branched microstructure. Tensile strength and Young’s Modulus of PC/PPMA/NZ 0.1-5 were in the range of 59.9-74.5 MPa and 111.4-155.2 MPa respectively. The nano-zeolite filler was also effective in enhancing the permselectivity αCO2/N2 (23.5 to 38.5) relative to blend membrane (20.3). The permeability PCO2 of PC/PPMA/NZ 5 membrane was found as 106.2 Barrer. Filler loading enhanced gas diffusivity, however filler content did not significantly influence CO2 and N2 solubility.
Aortic Valve Geometry Modeling – Review
Authors: Dawidowska K.
Published: January 2017

The present work is a review of publications covering computer simulation of aortic valve operation and material properties of aortic valve components studies. Particular attention is paid to the anisotropy of material and geometric properties. The methods of geometric models developing by using specified research methods and/or diagnostic imaging devices are presented. The microstructure of the aortic valve is also described and its impact on material properties definition introduced. The various ways of describing the aortic valve leaflet anisotropic properties are mentioned. Often exploited simplifications and their impact on the simulation results is also presented.
Impact of Vitamin C to Mature Facial Skin
Authors: Jocienė Jūratė , Vainorė Inga
Published: January 2017

Facial skin is one of the basic choices reflections of human quality life and lifestyle. In processes of human aging start skin changes: wrinkles are forming, there are seen changes of skin composition, firmness and moisture content, decreasing absorption of vitamins. Skin of all age groups face with variety of skin problems, causing negative impact on face beauty and brightness, what causes dissatisfaction of own appearance and variety of aesthetic problems. Another important problem occurring in mature age are pigment spots, what rises because of locally intensified melanogenesis, which depends on various factors - genetic, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal disorders, inflammation of skin, disorders of nervous regulatory mechanisms, deficiency of vitamin C. Therefore, skin problems require complex work of beauty therapists and clients dealing with facial skin problems. Cosmetics enriched with vitamin C can be used to solve facial skin problems, skin recovery, purification, pigmentation bleaching.

Aim of article – to determine impact of cosmetics enriched with vitamin C for mature facial skin. In cosmetology vitamin C helps to eliminate variety problems that are occurring in mature age and cause negative aesthetic appearance and psychological problems. This leads to the need to make investigations in this area, what could let to evaluate care of face skin with cosmetics enriched with vitamin C, solving facial skin problems.

Investigations were carried out using cosmetics with biologically active substances. Monitored and recorded changes of facial skin before cosmetic procedures and after each of their performance. The study carried out case and comparative analysis. Results of investigation led to form main conclusions: cosmetic procedures with cosmetics enriched with vitamin C, are effective solving problems of mature skin. More effective these procedures are together with observed healthier lifestyle. Vitamin C ensure better resistance of skin, it’s elasticity, moisture, firmness, colour uniformity, strengthens capillaries, reduces face skin irritations, brightens pigment spots.
Electromyographic classification of effort in muscle strength assessment
Authors: Veer Karan , Sharma Tanu
Published: January 2017

Dual-channel evaluation of surface electromyogram (SEMG) signals acquired from amputee subjects using computational techniques for classification of arm motions is presented in this study. SEMG signals were classified by the neural network (NN) and interpretation was done using statistical techniques to extract the effectiveness of the recorded signals. From the results, it was observed that there exists a calculative difference in amplitude gain across different motions and that SEMG signals have great potential to classify arm motions. The outcomes indicated that the NN algorithm performs significantly better than other algorithms, with a classification rate (CR) of 96.40%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) presents the results to validate the effectiveness of the recorded data to discriminate SEMG signals. The results are of significant thrust in identifying the operations that can be implemented for classifying upper-limb movements suitable for prostheses’ design.
Convolutive blind source separation of surface EMG measurements of the respiratory muscles
Authors: Petersen Eike , Buchner Herbert , Eger Marcus , Rostalski Philipp
Published: January 2017

Electromyography (EMG) has long been used for the assessment of muscle function and activity and has recently been applied to the control of medical ventilation. For this application, the EMG signal is usually recorded invasively by means of electrodes on a nasogastric tube which is placed inside the esophagus in order to minimize noise and crosstalk from other muscles. Replacing these invasive measurements with an EMG signal obtained non-invasively on the body surface is difficult and requires techniques for signal separation in order to reconstruct the contributions of the individual respiratory muscles. In the case of muscles with small cross-sectional areas, or with muscles at large distances from the recording site, solutions to this problem have been proposed previously. The respiratory muscles, however, are large and distributed widely over the upper body volume. In this article, we describe an algorithm for convolutive blind source separation (BSS) that performs well even for large, distributed muscles such as the respiratory muscles, while using only a small number of electrodes. The algorithm is derived as a special case of the TRINICON general framework for BSS. To provide evidence that it shows potential for separating inspiratory, expiratory, and cardiac activities in practical applications, a joint numerical simulation of EMG and ECG activities was performed, and separation success was evaluated in a variety of noise settings. The results are promising.
Dynamics of the cardiovascular autonomic regulation during orthostatic challenge is more relaxed in women
Authors: Reulecke Sina , Charleston-Villalobos Sonia , Voss Andreas , González-Camarena Ramón , González-Hermosillo Jesús , Gaitán-González Mercedes , Hernández-Pacheco Guadalupe , Schroeder Rico , Aljama-Corrales Tomás
Published: January 2017

Linear dynamic analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory time series was performed in healthy subjects with respect to gender by shifted short-term segments throughout a head-up tilt (HUT) test. Beat-to-beat intervals (BBI), systolic (SYS) and diastolic (DIA) blood pressure and respiratory interval (RESP) time series were acquired in 14 men and 15 women. In time domain (TD), the descending slope of the auto-correlation function (ACF) (BBI_a31cor) was more pronounced in women than in men (p<0.05) during the HUT test and considerably steeper (p<0.01) at the end of orthostatic phase (OP). The index SYS_meanNN was slightly but significantly lower (p<0.05) in women during the complete test, while higher respiratory frequency and variability (RESP_sdNN) were found in women (p<0.05), during 10–20 min after tilt-up. In frequency domain (FD), during baseline (BL), BBI-normalized low frequency (BBI_LFN) and BBI_LF/HF were slightly but significantly lower (p<0.05), while normalized high frequency (BBI_HFN) was significantly higher in women. These differences were highly significant from the first 5 min after tilt-up (p<0.01) and highly significant (p<0.001) during 10–14 min of OP. Findings revealed that men showed instantaneously a pronounced and sustained increase in sympathetic activity to compensate orthostatism. In women, sympathetic activity was just increased slightly with delayed onset without considerably affecting sympatho-vagal balance.
Measurements of serum non-ceruloplasmin copper by a direct fluorescent method specific to Cu(II)
Authors: Squitti Rosanna , Siotto Mariacristina , Cassetta Emanuele , El Idrissi Imane Ghafir , Colabufo Nicola A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Meta-analyses indicated the breakdown of copper homeostasis in the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), comprising copper decreases within the brain and copper increases in the blood and the pool not bound to ceruloplasmin (non-Cp Cu, also known in the literature as “free” copper). The calculated non-Cp Cu (Walshe’s) index has many limitations.

Methods:

A direct fluorescent method for non-Cp Cu detection has been developed and data are presented herein. The study included samples from 147 healthy subjects, 36 stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 89 AD patients, who were tested for non-Cp Cu through the direct method, total serum copper, ceruloplasmin concentration and

Results:

The direct method was linear (0.9–5.9 μM), precise (within-laboratory coefficient variation of 9.7% for low and 7.1% for high measurements), and had a good recovery. A reference interval (0–1.9 μM) was determined parametrically in 147 healthy controls (27–84 years old). The variation of non-Cp Cu was evaluated according to age and sex. Non-Cp Cu was 1.5 times higher in AD patients (regarding the upper value of the reference interval) than in healthy controls. Healthy, MCI and AD subjects were differentiated through the direct non-Cp Cu method [areas under the curve (AUC)=0.755]. Considering a 95% specificity and a 1.91 μmol/L cut-off, the sensitivity was 48.3% (confidence interval 95%: 38%–58%). The likelihood ratio (LR) was 9.94 for positive test results (LR+) and 0.54 for negative test result (LR−).

Conclusions:

The direct fluorescent test reliably and accurately measures non-Cp Cu, thereby determining the probability of having AD.
The Possibility of Hybrid-Bioreactor Heating by the Microwave Radiation
Authors: Zieliński Marcin , Dębowski Marcin
Published: January 2017

The hybrid bioreactor heated by microwave or conventional by hot water jacket is presented. The reactor consisted of two functional sections. The upper section was constituted by an unsinkable anaerobic biological bed, whereas the bottom section – by suspended anaerobic activated sludge. Both sections were closed in one casing. The study was conducted in mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. Depending on the method of heating, the homogeneity of the temperature field in both functional parts of the reactor was determined. In mesophilic conditions only at measurement points located directly under the wave-guide the temperatures were significantly higher than in the other zones inside the reactor. This implies that it is possible to homogenous heat of the bioreactor in semi-technical scale by microwave irradiation. Under thermophilic conditions a homogenous field of temperature was obtained in the upper and in the bottom section of the bioreactor, however, significant differences were found in values of the temperature between the particular sections of the bioreactor.
Granular Flow of Corn Stover Particles in a Helical Ribbon Stirred Tank
Authors: Huang Juan , Dai Gance
Published: January 2017

The flow characteristics and power consumption of corn stover particles in a helical ribbon stirred tank was investigated in the context of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn stover at high solids loading. It was found that the particles in the tank can be divided into conveyed material and core material according to their flow characteristics. The flow of the former materials was frictional regime and the latter was intermediate flow; the conveyed material avalanched into the core at the top of granular bed. The granular bed dilated when the impeller was rotating, which was beneficial for the entrance of liquid enzyme into the solid phase and for the successful proceeding of the saccharification of the corn stover. The power of granular mixing was linearly proportional to the impeller rotational speed due to the discrete characteristic of the particles and flow dynamics of the conveyed material. The ratio of power consumption to the impeller rotational speed (P/N) was linear proportional to loading ratio and the dimensionless torque (M/mgR) was 0.48. The power consumption increased first and then decreased as the corn stover particles evolved from granular/wet granular to paste/slurry. The maximum power consumption was at 83 % (w/w) moisture content.
Pyrolysis of Agricultural Biomass using an Auger Reactor: A Parametric Optimization
Authors: Mathew Melvin , Muruganandam L
Published: January 2017

A 500 L biomass fast pyrolysis Auger reactor was designed, constructed and experimented with biomass of Mesquite (Prosopsis juliflora) and rice straw (Oryza sativa). The thermogravimetric analysis of feed stock and the physico chemical properties of the feed and product bio-crude was done as per ASTM standard. An optimization based on Response Surface Methodology was carried out for the operating parameters chosen as: (1) reactor temperature, (2) feedstock-heat carrier ratio and (3) rotational speed of the auger reactor. The optimum bio-crude yield of 42.6 wt.% was observed at 500 °C, feedstock-heat carrier ratio 1:2 and 30 rpm for mesquite sawdust and 34.6 wt.% at 475 °C, 1:2 ratio and 50 rpm for rice straw. Among the two kinds of feedstock tested, the sawdust yielded better product under identical operating conditions. The final bio-crude have properties similar to the results that was reported in the past and has HHV- higher heating value less than petroleum fuel.
Upgrading of Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water using an Iron based Multicomponent Catalyst
Authors: Hossain Mohammad M.
Published: January 2017

This article deals with the upgrading of bitumen in supercritical water (SCW) using a ZrO2-Al2O3-FeOx catalyst in a batch autoclave reactor. The feed bitumen is diluted using different amount of benzene as solvent in order to provide intimate contact between the solid catalyst particles. It also facilitates the diffusion of the heavy molecules into the catalyst particles. The batch reactor results show that the extra heavy oil is slightly decreased with increasing the bitumen concentration from 20 wt % to 30 wt%. No significant change in the product is observed when bitumen concentration is increased above 30 wt% level. However, the coke concentration is increased with increasing bitumen in the feed. The catalyst deactivation is also higher at higher bitumen concentrations (above 20 wt %). XRD analysis reveals that at high bitumen concentrations (above 30 wt %), transformation of magnetite into hematite is lower than that of hematite to magnetite due to consumption of lattice oxygen by the additional hydrocarbons, which also causes the catalyst deactivation. On the contrary, lower bitumen concentration (~10 wt %) maintains hematite as main phase, which is the desirable for sustained catalytic activity for the oxidative cracking reaction. It is believed that SCW acts as source of reactive hydrogen and oxygen species that favors the upgrading process. The reactive hydrogen species react with cracked hydrocarbons to produce stable lighter liquid products. On the other hand, the reactive oxygen species react with oxygen depleted catalysts, which transforms magnetite into hematite and keep the catalyst active.
In vivo sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. in Swiss Albino mice
Authors: Jakaria Md. , Clinton Chayan Dhar , Islam Mukimul , Talukder Mohammad Belal , Shariful Islam Md. , Tareq Syed Mohammed , Uddin Shaikh Bokhtear
Published: January 2017

Background:

The superior genus Jacquemontia belongs to Convolvulaceae, with around 120 species, and is also considered taxonomically difficult. The aim of this experiment was to assess the sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f.

Methods:

The sedative and hypnotic activities were evaluated by hole-cross, open field, hole-board, elevated plus maze (EPM), and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time determination tests in mice at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg.

Results:

In this investigation, we found that methanol extract of Jacquemontia paniculata (MEJP) produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous activity of mice both in hole-cross and open field tests. In addition, it also decreased the number of head dips in hole-board test. In the case of EPM test, this crude extract induced an anxiogenic-like effect rather than anxiolytic effect in mice. Moreover, MEJP significantly decreased the induction time to sleep and prolonged the duration of sleeping, induced by thiopental sodium.

Conclusions:

To conclude, these results suggest that the MEJP leaves possess potent sedative and hypnotic activities, which supported its therapeutic use for sleep disorders like insomnia.
Paternalism and Evaluative Shift
Authors: Davies Ben
Published: January 2017

Many people feel that respecting a person’s autonomy is not sufficiently important to obligate us to stay out of their affairs in all cases; but the ground for interference may often turn out to be a hunch that the agent cannot really be competent, or cannot really know what her decision implies; for if she were both of these things, surely she would not make such a foolish decision. This paper suggests a justification of paternalism that does not rely on such appeals. I argue that in cases where an agent will undergo a significant alteration in their evaluative outlook – ‘evaluative shift’ – three central, persuasive objections to paternalism lose their force, and offer a prima facie case for paternalism in some of these cases. I then suggest that we can extend this argument to some cases where evaluative alteration is not predictable, but where the risk and harm are both significant. In such cases, paternalism may be justified.
Crystal structure of (Z)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(p-toly)prop-2-en-1-one, C15H16N2O2
Authors: Radi Smaail , Tighadouini Said , Eddike Driss , Tillard Monique , Mabkhot Yahia N.
Published: January 2017

C15H16N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.8334(5) Å, b = 11.7225(5) Å, c = 12.6861(6) Å, β = 123.417(5)°, V = 1344.73(1) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0607 , wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1662, T = 297 K.
NMR analysis of compositional heterogeneity in polysaccharides
Authors: Cheng H. N.
Published: January 2017

Many copolysaccharides are compositionally heterogeneous, and the composition determined by the usual analytical or spectroscopic methods provides only an average value. For some polysaccharides, the NMR data contain copolymer sequence information, such as diad, triad, and tetrad sequence intensities. In such cases, it is possible to estimate the extent of compositional heterogeneity through NMR. Two general types of methodologies can be used: perturbed Markovian and discrete component approaches. The theoretical bases for these approaches are reviewed in this work, and three examples are shown of the application of these NMR methodologies to copolysaccharides.
Semiotic modeling and education
Authors: Yu Hongbing
Published: January 2017

Within the rich legacy left by Thomas Sebeok, there is a critical concept of semiotic modeling that directly addresses the core of the philosophy of education in the light of semiotics and affords valuable implications for the nascent interdisciplinary field of inquiry ofedusemioticsoreducational semiotics, essentially a philosophy of human knowing. The present paper argues that the concept of modeling as in Modeling Systems Theory has elevated us above the long-standing debate over nature versus nurture in the discussions of education and sheds light on the dynamic co-shaping relationship between the modeling subject and its models, as well as the fact that human brain function bio-culturally, as is evidenced by a crucial concept in the field of neurophysiology known as “neuroplasticity” and relevant experiment findings from neurophysiological and cognitive researches over the past few decades. It further claims that life-long education is not just something educators and educatees should keep advocating, but more of ade factostate of human existence. It concludes by confirming that in future edusemiotic studies more attention can and should be directed to the determination of the subject’s semiosic stage, for which the semiosic capacities of the subject are to be further explored, tested and facilitated.
Code-switching and emotions display in Spanish/Galician bilingual conversation
Authors: Acuña Ferreira A. Virginia
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to contribute to recent research on bilingualism and emotions from a discourse approach, analyzing extracts taken from a spontaneous conversation between two Spanish/Galician female bilinguals. Spanish is the base language of this interaction and the dominant language of the speakers, but the extracts selected correspond to sequences of gossip and complaints about third parties including switches into Galician. The analysis reveals that these Spanish/Galician bilingual uses contribute towards the structure of the conversational activity and to foreground different affective stances. Spanish is employed to signal indignation at the arrogant attitude of the people talked about, while Galician is selected in producing a derogatory discourse on their social status or moral condition which displays contempt for them. While previous research on code-switching and emotions has linked the affective functions with the dominant language(s), this paper highlights the relevance of both the dominant language and the less dominant language in displaying affective stances. It is proposed that the specific emotive role of Galician in the contextualization of contempt could be related to the external symbolism of this language and its traditional lack of prestige.
The sequential organization of text and speech in multimodal synchronous computer-mediated communication
Authors: Nguyen Hanh thi
Published: January 2017

This study uses conversation analysis to describe the sequential and functional relationship between text and speech turns in an English conversational lesson conducted in multimodal synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) involving text and speech modes. Focusing on repair sequences, I examine the relative timing of turns in each mode, the interactional practices that participants employed to handle timing discrepancy, and how both modes were utilized to maintain the pedagogical and interpersonal purposes of the encounter. The analysis shows that synchronous timing between text and speech turns was rare. In time lags between text and speech turns, if the repair was a self-initiated other-repair initiated by the tutee, speech turns did not seem to orient to the time lag. In other types of repair, the tutor utilized a range of practices to accommodate for the time lags, such as extreme slow speech tempo, pivot turns, and topic pursuits. The tutor also used the silent and visual features of text to insert and project an upcoming teaching episode in the midst of unfolding topical talk. The findings suggest that multimodal SCMC is a holistic process in which the affordances of modes can be employed dynamically and integratively to achieve social actions.
Van der Waals Force Assisted Heat Transfer
Authors: Sasihithlu K. , Pendry J.B. , Craster R.V.
Published: January 2017

Phonons (collective atomic vibrations in solids) are more effective in transporting heat than photons. This is the reason why the conduction mode of heat transport in nonmetals (mediated by phonons) is dominant compared to the radiation mode of heat transport (mediated by photons). However, since phonons are unable to traverse a vacuum gap (unlike photons), it is commonly believed that two bodies separated by a gap cannot exchange heat via phonons. Recently, a mechanism was proposed [J. B. Pendry, K. Sasihithlu, and R. V. Craster, Phys. Rev. B 94, 075414 (2016)] by which phonons can transport heat across a vacuum gap – through the Van der Waals interaction between two bodies with gap less than the wavelength of light. Such heat transfer mechanisms are highly relevant for heating (and cooling) of nanostructures; the heating of the flying heads in magnetic storage disks is a case in point. Here, the theoretical derivation for modelling phonon transmission is revisited and extended to the case of two bodies made of different materials separated by a vacuum gap. Magnitudes of phonon transmission, and hence the heat transfer, for commonly used materials in the micro- and nano-electromechanical industry are calculated and compared with the calculation of conduction heat transfer through air for small gaps as well as the heat transfer calculation due to photon exchange.
Advances in Measuring Air-Void Parameters in Hardened Concrete Using a Flatbed Scanner
Authors: Song Y. , Zou R. , Castaneda D. I. , Riding K. A. , Lange D. A.
Published: January 2017

Entrained air bubbles in concrete improve the freeze–thaw resistance by alleviating stresses caused by freezing water within the microstructure. It is necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of entrained air bubbles in the paste to achieve optimal freeze–thaw performance. The technique of measuring the air-void system parameters in hardened concrete is specified by ASTM C457/C457M-12. In this standard testing procedure, the freeze–thaw parameters of interest are determined by optically observing and measuring the traversal lengths of air voids, paste, and aggregate particles along straight lines across the polished surface of the concrete specimen. ASTM C457/C457M-12 has been criticized as time-consuming and expensive, and so there has been a concerted effort by the research community to develop improved methods. Automated methods that use digital images to measure freeze–thaw parameters exist, but they require operator-selected threshold levels and significant sample preparation time and labor. To address these shortcomings, this paper presents an automated method to measure freeze–thaw parameters using a high-resolution flatbed scanner, automated image segmentation, and short sample preparation time and labor. Polished concrete surfaces are treated with phenolphthalein and a florescent chalk powder to distinguish phases of interest. The surfaces are scanned using a flatbed scanner, and spectral–spatial analysis is used to identify the individual phases of aggregates, paste, and air voids. The ternary images are used to measure parameters of the air-void system. To validate the rigor of this automated method, six groups of concrete specimens provided by a commercial laboratory were tested using the proposed automated method and manual ASTM C457/C457M-12. This comparison was conducted in a “blind” fashion, so as to avoid potential biases. A fair agreement is found for normal concrete specimens, but not for concrete containing lightweight aggregates.
Knowledge of Medical Staff on Medical Segregation of Patients Having Suffered in Mass Accidents and Disasters
Authors: Sienkiewicz Katarzyna , Kulina Dorota , Przylepa Katarzyna , Wrońska Irena
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Ever growing pace of life in developing societies results in a considerable increase in abrupt threats to life and health. Both Accidents and Emergency Unit workers to whom a patient is referred having been ascribed a provisional category as well as members of Medical Rescue Teams who are the first medical staff to have contact with a patient ought to apply a correct procedural variant in their interactions with patients.Aim. The aim of the research was an attempt to evaluate medical personnel’s knowledge levels within the scope of segregating patients having suffered in mass accidents and disasters.Material and Methods. The diagnostic poll method was used in this work and a survey form was the research tool. The research involved 50 persons employed in Accident and Emergency Units and Medical Rescue Teams.Results. A general proportion of correct responses averaged out at 63% for both groups. No statistic correlation was found between the two groups.Conclusions. Knowledge level referring to medical segregation that medical staff presented proved unsatisfactory. The study shows there is a need for training within the scope of medical segregation in mass accidents and disasters. (JNNN 2016;5(1):16–20)
Ocena wiedzy studentów pielęgniarstwa, położnictwa i opiekunów medycznych na temat postępowania w omdleniach
Authors: Kolarczyk Ewelina Barbara , Markiewicz-Łoskot Grażyna Markiewicz-Łoskot , Jaromin Joanna
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Syncope is defined as a state of short-term loss of consciousness with reduction of muscle tone due to insufficient hypoxic brain. It is characterized by a sudden onset and spontaneous, complete subsiding. Approximately 30–40% of all syncopes of unclear origin represent vasovagal syncope which are the most common type among children, young people (75–85%) and in people in old age. Syncope is a common condition, and any loss of consciousness always causes concern the patient and his/her relatives. A strong sense of the disease and the risk of even life-threatening situations accompanying syncope reduces comfort and quality of life. The leading method of treatment of vasovagal syncope is to educate the patients and their families. Good education of the patient helps to avoid situations that lead to the development of a vasovagal reaction and also helps to learn the proper procedure when dealing with prodromal symptoms. A nurse has a great role in the education, therefore it is so important for her to know the basic rules of syncope prevention.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of learners of medical sciences on dealing with syncope.Material and Methods. The survey involved 133 patients, including 66 (49.6%) first-year students of the second degree in nursing (12 — part-time students and 54 — full-time students), 39 (29.3%) first-year students studying the second degree in midwifery (21 full-time students and 18 — part-time) and 28 (21.1%) trainees studing to be a medical caretaker. The applied research method was a diagnostic study conducted with the use of an anonymous survey questionnaire, which contained only closed questions.Results. 75% of the study group has witnessed syncope and a vast majority (97.7%) declare they know how to help the person who fainted, and who presents prodrome symptoms (98.5%). In order to assist the person who fainted most respondents indicated the answer: “opening a window” (95.4%) and “lifting the legs up” (92.4%), whereas 29 respondents said that the person who fainted should be given a glass of water (21.8%). In the event of syncope symptoms most respondents would recommend leaving the stuffy air (93.9%), change in body position to lying or sitting and lifting the lower limbs (75.93%). The smallest number of the answers obtained referred to cough provoking (18.0%), trotting (9.02%), abdominal flexion (9.77%) and clenching the fists (5.26%).Conclusions. The study group was characterized by a good general knowledge of the proceedings in syncope, with a better knowledge shown by people with higher education. More rarely the respondents demonstrated the knowledge on behavior in the case of prodromal symptoms, such as the use of cough, tripping and arms and wrists straining. (JNNN 2016;5(2):40–45)