bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal sensory perception masks behavioral performance of Grin1 knockdown mice
Authors: Lipina Tatiana , Men Xiaoyu , Blundell Matisse , Salahpour Ali , Ramsey Amy J.
Published: June 2022

The development and function of sensory systems require intact glutamatergic neurotransmission. Changes in touch sensation and vision are common symptoms in autism spectrum disorders, where altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly implicated. Further, cortical visual impairment is a frequent symptom of GRIN disorder, a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants of GRIN genes that encode NMDA receptors. We asked if Grin1 knockdown mice (Grin1KD), as a model of GRIN disorder, had visual impairments resulting from NMDA receptor deficiency. We discovered that Grin1KD mice had deficient visual depth perception in the visual cliff test. Since Grin1KD mice are known to display robust changes in measures of learning, memory, and emotionality, we asked whether deficits in these higher‐level processes could be partly explained by their visual impairment. By changing the experimental conditions to improve visual signals, we observed significant improvements in the performance of Grin1KD mice in tests that measure spatial memory, executive function, and anxiety. We went further and found destabilization of the outer segment of retina together with the deficient number and size of Meissner corpuscles (mechanical sensor) in the hind paw of Grin1KD mice. Overall, our findings suggest that abnormal sensory perception can mask the expression of emotional, motivational and cognitive behavior of Grin1KD mice. This study demonstrates new methods to adapt routine behavioral paradigms to reveal the contribution of vision and other sensory modalities in cognitive performance.
Restoring vertebrate predator populations can provide landscape‐scale biological control of established invasive vertebrates: Insights from pine marten recovery in Europe
Authors: Twining Joshua P. , Lawton Colin , White Andy , Sheehy Emma , Hobson Keziah , Montgomery W. Ian , Lambin Xavier
Published: June 2022

Invasive species pose one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. There has been a long history of importing coevolved natural enemies to act as biological control agents to try to suppress densities of invasive species, with historically limited success and frequent adverse impacts on native biodiversity. Our understanding of the processes and drivers of successful biological control has been focussed on invertebrates and is evidently limited and potentially ill‐suited with respect to biological control of vertebrate populations. The restoration of native vertebrate predator populations provides a promising nature‐based solution for slowing, halting, or even reversing the spread of some invasive vertebrates over spatial scales relevant to the management of wildlife populations. Here, we first review the growing literature and data from the pine marten‐red and grey squirrel system in Europe. We synthesise a multi‐decadal dataset to show that the recovery of a native predator has resulted in rapid, landscape‐scale declines of an established invasive species. We then use the model system, predator–prey interaction theory, and examples from the literature to develop ecological theory relating to natural biological control in vertebrates and evolutionary processes in native‐invasive predator–prey interactions. We find support for the hypotheses that evolutionary naivety of invasive species to native predators and lack of local refuges results in higher predation of naive compared to coevolved prey. We apply lessons learnt from the marten‐squirrel model system to examine the plausibility of specific native predator solutions to some of the Earth's most devastating invasive vertebrates. Given the evidence, we conclude that depletion of vertebrate predator populations has increased ecosystem vulnerability to invasions and thus facilitated the spread of invasive species. Therefore, restoration of vertebrate predator populations is an underappreciated, fundamental, nature‐based solution to the crisis of invasive species and should be a priority for vertebrate invasive species management globally.
Both family‐based Helicobacter pylori infection control and management strategy and screen‐and‐treat strategy are cost‐effective for gastric cancer prevention
Authors: Ma Jing , Yu Miao , Shao Qiao‐Qiao , Yu Xue‐Chun , Zhang Chen , Zhao Jun‐Bo , Yuan Lin , Qi Ya‐Bin , Hu Ruo‐Bing , Wei Pei‐Ru , Xiao Wei , Chen Qi , Jia Bai‐Ling , Chen Chuan‐Liang , Lu Hong , Ding Song‐Ze
Published: June 2022

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its related diseases are substantial public health burden for highly infected areas. Recently, a novel family‐based H. pylori infection control and management (FBCM) strategy is introduced for H. pylori infection prevention and control. However, its cost‐effectiveness has not been evaluated. We conducted this health economic evaluation to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of FBCM, screen‐and‐treat, and no‐screen strategies in Chinese population.

Materials and Methods

Cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed using decision tree and Markov model. Parameters required for the model were from published literatures and public databases, including health state utility, screening characteristics, treatment effectiveness, and medical costs for the three strategies. Outcomes were cost, quality‐adjusted life year (QALY), incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). Uncertainty analysis was performed to verify the robustness of this model.

Results

To prevent gastric cancer in a cohort of 1 million asymptomatic Chinese families, FBCM and screen‐and‐treat strategies prevented 1010 and 1201 new gastric cancer cases, reduced 2809 and 3339 gastric cancer‐related death, and saved 956,971 and 1,137,549 QALYs, respectively, when compared with no‐screen strategy. Cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that FBCM strategy cost $9.18/QALY, and screen‐and‐treat strategy cost $12.08/QALY for gastric cancer prevention when compared with no‐screen strategy. One‐way sensitivity analysis revealed that screening from younger age by both strategies are more cost‐effective. When compared with FBCM strategy, screen‐and‐treat strategy saved 5.98% gastric cancer cases and 5.78% of gastric cancer deaths, but costed $9348 to reduce a gastric cancer case. Results are not sensitive to any variables, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness of the results.

Conclusions

Both FBCM and screen‐and‐treat strategies are cost‐effective for gastric cancer prevention compared with no‐screen strategy. Since FBCM is more practical and convenient, it may be an efficient and excellent cost‐effective strategy for gastric cancer prevention in H. pylori and gastric cancer prevalent areas.
Scalable Bayesian Multiple Changepoint Detection via Auxiliary Uniformisation
Authors: Shaochuan Lu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we perform a sparse filtering recursion for efficient changepoint detection for discrete‐time observations. We attach auxiliary event times to the chronologically ordered observations and formulate multiple changepoint problems of discrete‐time observations into continuous‐time observations. Ideally, both the computational and memory costs of the proposed auxiliary uniformisation forward‐filtering backward‐sampling algorithm can be quadratically scaled down to the number of changepoints instead of the number of observations, which would otherwise be prohibitive for a long sequence of observations. To avoid model bias, a time‐varying changepoint recurrence rate across different segments is assumed to characterise diverse scales of run lengths of the changepoints. We demonstrate the methods through simulation studies and real data analysis.
High piezoelectricity with broad temperature insensitivity in BiScO3–PbTiO3‐based piezoceramics
Authors: Dong Yazhu , Zhao Kunyu , Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong
Published: June 2022

The surge of interest in searching for high‐temperature piezoceramics has proved that BiScO3–PbTiO3 ceramics with high piezoelectric constant and high Curie temperature are promising for high‐temperature nondestructive inspection (NDT) applications. However, their inferior temperature stability limits the applications. In this paper, 0.365BiScO3–0.635(Pb1‐3x/2Bix)(Ti0.99Zn0.01)O3 (BS–xBPZnT) system has been investigated by doping Bi ions to A‐site and Zn ions to B‐site based on the lattice distortion and hybrid orbital theory. The transformation of domain structures has been achieved, which is varied from typical strip‐like domains to complex configuration of micro‐domain. Meanwhile, the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was constructed in this system. The results indicated that x = 0.01 composition can reach high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 490 pC/N and high Curie temperature of 428°C. Besides, the in situ high‐temperature d33 results show that x = 0.01 sample can keep stable from 50°C to 350°C, and its depolarization temperature is 410°C. The in situ high‐temperature XRD and PFM results show that the temperature stability of phase structure and domain structure is the key factor to improve the stabilization of d33. This work confirms that BS–xBPZnT ceramics have superior potential for high‐temperature application, paving a significant step toward enhancing the thermal stability of high‐temperature piezoceramics.
Climate trends and behavior of a model Amazonian terrestrial insectivore, black‐faced antthrush, indicate adjustment to hot and dry conditions
Authors: Jirinec Vitek , Elizondo Elisa C. , Rodrigues Patricia F. , Stouffer Philip C
Published: June 2022

Rainforest loss threatens terrestrial insectivorous birds throughout the world's tropics. Recent evidence suggests these birds are declining in undisturbed Amazonian rainforest, possibly due to climate change. Here, we first asked whether Amazonian terrestrial insectivorous birds were exposed to increasingly extreme ambient conditions using 38 years of climate data. We found long‐term trends in temperature and precipitation at our study site, especially in the dry season, which was ~1.3°C hotter and 21% drier in 2019 than in 1981. Second, to test whether birds actively avoided hot and dry conditions, we used field sensors to identify periodic intervals of ambient extremes and prospective microclimate refugia within undisturbed rainforest from 2017 to 2019. Simultaneously, we examined how tagged black‐faced antthrushes Formicarius analis used this space. We collected > 1.3 million field measurements quantifying ambient conditions in the forest understory, including along elevation gradients. For 11 birds, we obtained GPS data to test whether birds adjusted their cover usage using variation in GPS fix success (n = 2724) as a proxy and elevation using successful locations (n = 640) across seasonal and daily cycles. For four additional birds, we collected > 180 000 light and temperature readings to assess exposure. Field measurements in the modern landscape revealed that temperature was higher in the dry season and highest on plateaus. Thus, low‐lying areas were relatively buffered, providing microclimate refugia during hot afternoons in the dry season. At those times, birds apparently entered cover and shifted downslope. Because climate change intensifies the hot, dry conditions that antthrushes seemingly avoid, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that climate change decreases habitat quality for this species. If other terrestrial insectivores are similarly sensitive, climate‐induced changes to otherwise intact rainforest may be related to their recent declines.
Using ecological networks to answer questions in global biogeography and ecology
Authors: Windsor Fredric M. , van den Hoogen Johan , Crowther Thomas W. , Evans Darren M.
Published: June 2022

Ecological networks have classically been studied at site and landscape scales, yet recent efforts have been made to collate these data into global repositories. This offers an opportunity to integrate and upscale knowledge about ecological interactions from local to global scales to gain enhanced insights from the mechanistic information provided by these data. By drawing on existing research investigating patterns in ecological interactions at continental to global scales, we show how data on ecological networks, collected at appropriate scales, can be used to generate an improved understanding of many aspects of ecology and biogeography—for example, species distribution modelling, restoration ecology and conservation. We argue that by understanding the patterns in the structure and function of ecological networks across scales, it is possible to enhance our understanding of the natural world.
Blood pressure variability and the development of hypertensive organ damage in the general population
Authors: Sugiura Tomonori , Takase Hiroyuki , Machii Masashi , Hayashi Kazusa , Nakano Suguru , Takayama Shin , Seo Yoshihiro , Dohi Yasuaki
Published: June 2022

Increasing blood pressure variability (BPV) has been reported to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. However, the effects of BPV in the general population have not been intensively studied. The present study was designed to investigate a possible relationship between year‐to‐year BPV and hypertensive target organ damage (TOD) in a relatively low‐risk general population. A total of 5489 consecutive patients (mean age 58.6 ± 10.7 years) who visited our hospital for an annual physical checkup for five consecutive years during 2008–2013 were enrolled in this study. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse pressure were calculated, as well as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and average real variability in blood pressures. Cross‐sectional analysis was conducted and subjects without TOD at baseline (n = 3115) were followed up (median 1827 days) with the endpoint of TOD, defined as left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram or declining glomerular filtration rate. At baseline, BPV was closely associated with TOD. During follow‐up, left ventricular hypertrophy and declining glomerular filtration rate developed in 189 and 400 subjects, respectively. Although the standard deviation for systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure predicted future development of TOD in a univariate analysis, BPV was not a significant determinant of incident TOD in adjusted Cox hazard models. These results suggest that year‐to‐year BPV is a marker of the presence of TOD in the general population but does not independently predict future TOD.
High engagement in mobile peer support is associated with better glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: A real‐world study
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Wang Chaofan , Yang Daizhi , Luo Sihui , Ding Yu , Xu Wen , Zheng Xueying , Weng Jianping , Yan Jinhua
Published: June 2022

Aims/Introduction

Peer support for diabetes has become convenient and interactive after the emergence of mobile health (mHealth). We aimed to evaluate the association between engagement in peer support through the mHealth app and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included adults with type 1 diabetes who had joined the mobile community “TangTangQuan” since May 2018 for at least 1 year. “Like”, “comment” and “share” were the major interaction indicators of the mobile community and were used to assess engagement in peer support. The patients were divided into four engagement groups by quartile. The primary outcome was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) from baseline to the 12th month. Other outcomes included the change of self‐monitoring of blood glucose frequency, hypoglycemia frequency and the proportion of reaching optimal glycemic control.

Results

Among the 693 individuals, the HbA1c, mean FBG and PBG improved in the 12th month. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher engagement in peer support was associated with a greater reduction of HbA1c (β = −0.45, P < 0.001) and mean FBG (β = −0.82, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of poor glycemic control, the association between engagement in peer support and glycemic improvement still remained (HbA1c: β = −0.86, P = 0.002; FBG: β = −1.36, P = 0.001). The engagement in mobile peer support was positively correlated with educational level (odds ratio 1.42, P = 0.042), household income (odds ratio 1.43, P = 0.013) and the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (odds ratio 1.73, P = 0.009).

Conclusion

High engagement in mobile peer support was associated with better glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Stigma respecified: Investigating HIV stigma as an interactional phenomenon
Authors: Hutchinson Phil
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I discuss stigma, understood as a category which includes acknowledged, enacted degradation, discreditation and discrimination. My discussion begins with an analysis of HIV stigma, as discussed in a social media post on Twitter. I then analyse a fictionalized clinical stigma scenario. These two analyses are undertaken to highlight aspects of the conceptual anatomy and interactional dynamics of stigma and by extension shame. Brief social media declarations and short, fictionalized clinical interactions are rich with information which helps us understand how stigma—degradation, discreditation and discrimination—is operationalized in interaction.
Differential OAT methylation correlates with cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and overall survival postradiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma patient
Authors: Sun Yu , Yang Jin , Cai He , Liu Junjiang , Liu Yangfan , Luo Jingjing , Zhou Hongmei
Published: June 2022

Background

Given that DNA methylation and tumor microenvironment (TME) are susceptible to radiotherapy, we aimed to figure out specific differential DNA methylation to reflect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognosis and associated effect on TME changes postradiotherapy, performing as an efficient biomarker.

Materials and Methods

Differentially methylation analysis was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Curves of Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) survival, cumulative hazard and events, Cox proportional hazards, and linear regression model were conducted to screen and validate differential methylation genes, while multiple regression equation to analyze if ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) methylation correlates with radiotherapy. For correlation between OAT methylation and immune infiltrates, CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were performed, following gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ssGSEA analysis to evaluate biological process.

Results

Compared to normal tissues, only OAT in OSCC was differential significantly by K‐M analysis (p = 0.0364). OAT hypermethylation was associated with increased overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.65, p = 0.0358). Radiotherapy correlated with OAT methylation (β = −0.01, p = 0.0061); most patients with OAT hypermethylation were radiation‐sensitive. Hypomethylated OAT correlated with higher cell infiltrations in TME. Neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction was most significantly related to OAT methylation (p = 9.2e−10). Sulfur metabolism was the most significantly in OAT hypermethylation group (p = 0.0041) and RIG‐I‐like receptor in OAT hypomethylation group (p = 0.0094).

Conclusion

OAT methylation can serve as a predictor of OSCC prognosis postradiotherapy with potential mechanism by changing cell infiltrations in TME, but further experimental study deserves to carry out confirming the role and mechanism of OAT methylation in OSCC.
Genotype–genotype interactions of the OXTR gene polymorphisms are associated with self‐reported daytime dysfunction, sleep latency and personal distress
Authors: Li Yuling , Wang Yuan , Guan Xin , Yue Jingyan , Wu Hanjing Emily , Zhen Shiqian , He Shu‐Chang , Zhang Xiang‐Yang
Published: June 2022

The oxytocin receptors located in the corticotropin‐releasing factor neurons of the paraventricular nucleus are stimulated by oxytocin. Oxytocin functions as the regulator of the corticotropin‐releasing factor system and in turn promotes sleep quality. The objective of this study was to examine the main and genotype–genotype interactive effects of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms on sleep quality. A total of 324 participants were randomly recruited from a university in Beijing, China. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The OXTR single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2254298, rs2268498, rs13316193, rs2268490 and rs2268491) were genotyped. The results showed that gender and age were associated with various empathy traits (all p < 0.001). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was positively correlated with the Personal Distress subscale of empathy (p < 0.001). Both rs2254298 and rs2268491 interacted with rs13316193 to influence daytime dysfunction and Personal Distress (all p < 0.05), indicating that in individuals with rs13316193 CC/CT genotype, those with rs2254298 AA/AG or rs2268491 TT/TC genotypes displayed higher daytime dysfunction and Personal Distress scores than those with rs2254298 GG or rs2268491 CC genotypes. Conversely, among the individuals with rs2254298 GG or rs2268491 CC genotypes, the rs13316193 C allele carriers had lower daytime dysfunction and Personal Distress scores than rs13316193 TT homozygotes. There was also a significant interaction between rs2268490 and rs2268498 on the sleep latency dimension of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Our findings reveal for the first time the genotype–genotype interactions of the OXTR gene on sleep quality, which may open new research avenues for studying psychopathology involving sleep problems.
Species diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. isolated from mastitis cases, milking machine and the environment of dairy cows
Authors: Juliano L.C.B. , Gouvêa F.L.R. , Latosinski G.S. , Fabri F.H.H. , Salvador T.B. , Guimaraes F.F , Ribeiro M.G. , Langoni H. , Rall V.L.M. , Hernandes R.T. , Leite D.S. , Pantoja J.C.F.
Published: June 2022

The objectives were to study the diversity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from mastitis cases, milking equipment and the environment of dairy cows; and to determine in vitro resistance of isolates to antimicrobials that are relevant to human and animal health. Ten dairy farms were visited to collect samples from mastitis cases, faeces, bedding, aisles, water and milking equipment. Identification of Enterococcus at the species level and antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by MALDI-TOF and the disk-diffusion method, respectively. Of 365 isolates, Enterococcus hirae was the most prevalent, being more likely to be isolated from faeces than from milk (odds ratio (OR) = 39·2), liners (OR = 5·4) or bedding (OR = 2·2). Enterococcus saccharolyticus was the most prevalent in milk samples. The chances of isolating Enterococcus faecalis from milk were higher than from aisles (OR = 12·5), faeces (OR = 5·3), bedding (OR = 3·6) or liners (OR = 3·0). The odds of isolating Enterococcus faecium from faeces were higher than from liners (OR = 7·3), bedding (OR = 2·5) or aisles (OR = 2·4). Of 360 tested isolates, 1·9, 0·3 and 0·6% were resistant to penicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively. Our results suggest that Enterococcus species can occupy specific ecological niches on dairy farms and pose a risk to public and animal health.
Exploring Boundedness for Concept‐Based Instruction of Aspect: Evidence From Learning the Spanish Preterite and Imperfect
Authors: KISSLING ELIZABETH M. , MUTHUSAMY TEJAS
Published: June 2022

This study investigated to what extent and how novice second‐language (L2) Spanish learners use the cognitive linguistics‐informed concept of boundedness to support their development of aspect—namely, the Spanish preterite and imperfect. The concept was presented within the framework of concept‐based instruction (CBI) as part of a regular, semester‐long U.S. college Spanish course for true beginners (N = 16). The sociocultural approach of CBI has been found to be effective for other complex L2 phenomena with more advanced learners, but the usefulness of the concept of boundedness for novice learners was untested. Definition, comprehension, verbalization, and performance data were triangulated to measure instructional effectiveness. Results suggest that the concept‐based instructional approach using the concept of boundedness supported students’ understanding of aspect, evidenced by multiple measures of conceptual development, as well as their accuracy in using aspect to create personal narratives.
COVID‐19 as moral breakdown: Entangled ethical demands experienced by hospital‐based nurses in the early onset of the pandemic
Authors: Mejdahl Caroline Trillingsgaard , Nielsen Berit Kjærside , Mehlsen Mimi Yung , Hollesen Maj Rafn , Pedersen Mathilde Zilén , Engkjær‐Trautwein Georgij , Funch Louise Vase , Terkildsen Morten Deleuran
Published: June 2022

2020 saw the rapid onset of a global pandemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. For healthcare systems worldwide, the pandemic called upon quick organization ensuring treatment and containment measures for the new virus disease. Nurses were seen as constituting a vital instrumental professional component in this study. Due to the pandemic's unpredictable and potentially dangerous nature, nurses have faced unprecedented risks and challenges. Based on interviews and free text comment from a survey, this study explores how ethical challenges related to “being a nurse” during the COVID‐19 pandemic was experienced and understood by Danish hospital‐based nurses. Departing from anthropologist Jarett Zigon's notion of moral breakdown, the study demonstrates how the rapid onset of the pandemic constitutes a moral breakdown raising ethical demands for nurses. Analytically we identify three different ethical demands experienced by the nurses. These ethical demands are Nursing and societal ethical demands, Nursing and personal ethical demands, and Nursing and conflicting ethical demands. These demands represent not only very different understandings of ethical demands but also different understandings of ethical acts that are seen as necessary to respond to these demands.
Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host
Authors: Berry Kirsten A. , Verhoef Mackenzie T. A. , Leonard Allison C. , Cox Georgina
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host–pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever‐increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion‐associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
Investigating machine learning's capacity to enhance the prediction of career choices
Authors: Song Q. Chelsea , Shin Hyun Joo , Tang Chen , Hanna Alexis , Behrend Tara
Published: June 2022

Vocational interest measurement has long played a significant role in work contexts, particularly in helping individuals make career choices. A recent meta‐analysis indicated that interest inventories have substantial validity for predicting career choices. However, traditional approaches to interest inventory scoring (e.g., profile matching) typically capture broad, or average relations between vocational interests and occupations in the population, yet may not be accurate in capturing the specific relations in a given sample. Machine learning (ML) approaches provide a potential way forward as they can effectively take into account complexities in the relation between interests and career choices. Thus, this study aims to enhance the accuracy of interest inventory‐based career choice prediction through the application of ML. Using a large sample (N = 81,267) of employed and unemployed participants, we compared the prediction accuracy of a traditional interest profile method (profile matching) to a new machine‐learning augmented method in predicting occupational membership (for employed participants) and vocational aspirations (for unemployed participants). Results suggest that, compared to the traditional profile method, the machine‐learning augmented method resulted in higher overall accuracy for predicting both types of career choices. The machine‐learning augmented method was especially predictive of job categories with high base rates, yet underpredicted job categories with low base rates. These findings have practical implications for improving the utility of interest inventories for organizational practice, contributing to areas such as employee development, recruitment, job placement, and retention.
Quantifying restoration success via natural recovery in forested areas following pipeline construction
Authors: Flemming Brittany H. , Futoransky Vincent , Pruett Wade
Published: June 2022

Natural recovery is a restoration technique that relies on natural ecological processes to reestablish native ecosystems. This “minimal intervention” approach is typically more cost‐effective, less labor intensive, and can result in more diverse communities than more intensive restoration techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine if boreal forest vegetation can reestablish naturally after pipeline construction, and whether a site can be identified as similar to adjacent undisturbed areas within 10 years of pipeline construction. Four naturally recovered pipeline segments (1, 3, 5, and 10 years postreclamation) in west‐central Alberta were assessed. Plots were established on and off each pipeline segment right‐of‐way (ROW) in upland, transitional, and wetland habitats. Vegetation percent cover, vigor, and tree seedling density data were used to determine characteristic and indicator species, regulated weeds and agronomic species, richness, diversity, evenness, and tree establishment for each pipeline segment, habitat type, and site type (on‐ vs. off‐ROW). Threshold values for species richness and community diversity were determined using data collected from sites off‐ROW. Sites which fell within established thresholds were identified as on a trajectory toward restoration within 10 years postconstruction. Metrics for the older pipeline segments, including species richness, diversity, evenness, and seedling count were typically closer to threshold values, and sometimes exceeded them. Only the youngest pipeline segment had tree establishment values below calculated thresholds. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence and a method for identifying successful restoration trajectories for natural recovery of pipeline ROWs in boreal forest.
Nowcasting COVID-19 Deaths in England by Age and Region
Authors: Seaman Shaun R. , Samartsidis Pantelis , Kall Meaghan , De Angelis Daniela
Published: June 2022

Understanding the trajectory of the daily number of COVID-19 deaths is essential to decisions on how to respond to the pandemic, but estimating this trajectory is complicated by the delay between deaths occurring and being reported. In England the delay is typically several days, but it can be weeks. This causes considerable uncertainty about how many deaths occurred in recent days. Here we estimate the deaths per day in five age strata within seven English regions, using a Bayesian model that accounts for reporting-day effects and longer-term changes in the delay distribution. We show how the model can be computationally efficiently fitted when the delay distribution is the same in multiple strata, for example, over a wide range of ages.
Treatment of an edentulous patient over 23 years showing the influence of systemic health on oral health and quality of life
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L , Marchini Leonardo
Published: June 2022

This case history follows the treatment of a 61‐year‐old edentulous woman over a period of 23 years. The patient was wearing complete dentures for 25 years prior to treatment, was in pain, and having difficulty eating. Many treatments were tried, including multiple soft liners, hydroxyapatite to improve her mandibular ridge, and finally an implant‐supported‐overdenture. However, in spite of using all the technical procedures and materials available to us at the time of treating the patient, we were unable to sustain the comfort and quality of life for this patient. This happened because of the severe resorption of her mandible, with an intolerance to occlusal loading, and the continuous deterioration of her systemic health.
Reductions of abelian surfaces over global function fields
Authors: Maulik Davesh , Shankar Ananth N. , Tang Yunqing
Published: June 2022

Let $A$ be a non-isotrivial ordinary abelian surface over a global function field of characteristic $p>0$ with good reduction everywhere. Suppose that $A$ does not have real multiplication by any real quadratic field with discriminant a multiple of $p$. We prove that there are infinitely many places modulo which $A$ is isogenous to the product of two elliptic curves.
Active Structural Control of Base-Isolated Building Using Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach With Reduced-Order State Observer
Authors: Miyamoto Kou , She Jinhua , Nakano Satoshi , Sato Daiki , Chen Yinli
Published: June 2022

Active base isolation has been studied in the last few decades to improve the control performance of base isolation. As a two-degree-of-freedom active disturbance-rejection method, the equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach shows its validity for structural control. It uses a state observer to estimate the effect of disturbances on a control input channel. However, since the model of a base-isolated building has high degrees-of-freedom, the resulting control system has a high order. Thus, the use of a full-order state observer results in the complexity of a control-system implementation. To solve this problem, this paper presents an EID control system that uses a reduced-order state observer (ROSO) to reduce the expense of control-system implementation and ensure system reliability. First, the condition of using an ROSO in an EID control system is derived, and the configuration of an ROSO-based EID control system is presented. Next, the concept of perfect regulation is used to design the gain of the state observer. A stability condition of the system with prescribed control performance is derived in the form of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) that is used to design the gain of the state feedback. Finally, the seismic control of a base-isolated building demonstrates the validity of the method.
Spin-charge separation in a one-dimensional Fermi gas with tunable interactions
Authors: Senaratne Ruwan , Cavazos-Cavazos Danyel , Wang Sheng , He Feng , Chang Ya-Ting , Kafle Aashish , Pu Han , Guan Xi-Wen , Hulet Randall G.
Published: June 2022

Ultracold atoms confined to periodic potentials have proven to be a powerful tool for quantum simulation of complex many-body systems. We confine fermions to one dimension to realize the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, which describes the highly collective nature of their low-energy excitations. We use Bragg spectroscopy to directly excite either the spin or charge waves for various strengths of repulsive interaction. We observe that the velocity of the spin and charge excitations shift in opposite directions with increasing interaction, a hallmark of spin-charge separation. The excitation spectra are in quantitative agreement with the exact solution of the Yang-Gaudin model and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Furthermore, we identify effects of nonlinear corrections to this theory that arise from band curvature and back-scattering.
Confronting the climate crisis
The World As We Knew It: Dispatches From a Changing Climate
Amy Brady and Tajja Isen, Eds.
Catapult, 2022. 288 pp.
Authors: Swift Joseph
Published: June 2022

Leading literary writers explore what it means to live on a changing planet
Peter Higgs and his eponymous particle
Elusive: How Peter Higgs Solved the Mystery of Mass
Frank Close
Basic Books, 2022. 304 pp.
Authors: Mitton Simon
Published: June 2022

A new biography juxtaposes the physicist’s life story with the search for the Higgs boson
A new polar bear population
Authors: Peacock Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Can the international conservation agreement protect these bears?
Cellular cross-talk in heart repair
Authors: Srivastava Deepak
Published: June 2022

The cytokine meteorin-like (METRNL) improves cardiac function after heart attack in mice
Pseudorabies Virus EP0 Antagonizes the Type I Interferon Response via Inhibiting IRF9 Transcription
Authors: Wang Mengdong , Liu Yun , Qin Chao , Lang Yue , Xu Aotian , Yu Cuilian , Zhao Zhan , Zhang Rui , Yang Jinbo , Tang Jun
Published: June 2022

Alphaherpesviruses can establish lifelong infections and cause many diseases in humans and animals. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a swine alphaherpesvirus that threatens pig production.
Multiplex Target-Redundant RT-LAMP for Robust Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Fluorescent Universal Displacement Probes
Authors: Kline Enos C. , Panpradist Nuttada , Hull Ian T. , Wang Qin , Oreskovic Amy K. , Han Peter D. , Starita Lea M. , Lutz Barry R.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous impact, and the ability to perform molecular diagnostics in resource limited settings has emerged as a key resource for mitigating spread of the disease. One challenge in COVID-19 diagnosis, as well as other viruses, is ongoing mutation that can allow viruses to evade detection by diagnostic tests.
New Parameter for Analysis of Ionospheric Disturbances and the Search for Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes Based on Barbier’s Formula
Authors: Pulinets S. A. , Khegai V. V. , Legen’ka A. D. , Korsunova L. P.
Published: June 2022

A new relative parameter (δBarbier) is proposed for the analysis of ionospheric disturbances and the search for ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. The parameter is derived on the basis of the semiempirical Barbier’s formula, in which directly and simultaneously measured ionospheric parameters are used: the critical frequency of F2 layer of the ionosphere foF2 and the virtual minimum height of F region h'F. The time prior to a 6.2-magnitude earthquake that occurred in the vicinity of the ground-based station of vertical ionospheric sounding MAUI (Hawaii) on June 26, 1989, is considered as an example of the use of this parameter and its interpretation. We show that δBarbier ≤ 0 during dark hours, from 2000 to 0400 local time, against the geomagnetically quiet background (Kp ≤ 2+) on June 25, 1989, i.e., the day before the earthquake. This behavior is interpreted as a decrease (as compared to the median) in the glow intensity of the atomic oxygen O(1D) emission in the red line (630 nm) estimated from ionospheric data, which is associated with the dissociative recombination of $${\text{O}}_{2}^{ + }$$ ions at altitude of the F region during this time. The studied effect can be seismogenic and can serve an ionospheric precursor of an earthquake.
Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells plus anti-HER2 therapy triggers both robust systemic antitumor immunity and complete regression in HER2 mammary carcinoma
Authors: Ramamoorthi Ganesan , Kodumudi Krithika , Snyder Colin , Grover Payal , Zhang Hongtao , Greene Mark I , Basu Amrita , Gallen Corey , Wiener Doris , Costa Ricardo L B , Han Hyo S , Koski Gary , Czerniecki Brian J
Published: June 2022

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted antibodies in combination with chemotherapy has improved outcomes of HER2 positive (pos) breast cancer (BC) but toxicity of therapy remains a problem. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with increased pathologic complete responses for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Here we sought to investigate whether delivery of intratumoral (i.t.) multiepitope major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II HER2 peptides-pulsed type I polarized dendritic cells (HER2-DC1) in combination with anti-HER2 antibodies without chemotherapy could enhance tumor regression by increasing anti-HER2 lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor.

Methods

BALB/c mice bearing orthotopic TUBO tumors, BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c.) CT26 hHER2 tumors, or BALB-HER2/neu transgenic mice were all treated with i.t. or s.c. HER2-DC1, anti-HER2 antibodies, paclitaxel, T-DM1 or in combination. Immune response, host immune cells and effector function were analyzed using flow cytometry, interferon-γ ELISA and cytokine/chemokine arrays. The contributions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were assessed using depleting antibodies and FcγR KO mice. Molecular changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Results

HER2-DC1 combined with anti-HER2 antibodies delivered i.t. compared to s.c. induced complete tumor regression in 75–80% of treated mice, with increased tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T, B, natural killer T cells (NKT) and natural killer cells, and strong anti-HER2 responses in all HER2pos BC models tested. The therapy caused regression of untreated distant tumors. Labeled HER2-DC1 migrated prominently into the distant tumor and induced infiltration of various DC subsets into tumors. HER2-DC1 i.t. combined with anti-HER2 antibodies displayed superior antitumor response compared to standard chemotherapy with anti-HER2 antibodies. Lasting immunity was attained which prevented secondary tumor formation. The presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and ADCC were required for complete tumor regression. In the HER2pos BC models, HER2-DC1 i.t. combined with anti-HER2 antibodies effectively diminished activation of HER2-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways.

Conclusions

HER2-DC1 i.t. with anti-HER2 antibodies mediates tumor regression through combined activation of T and B cell compartments and provides evidence that HER2-DC1 i.t. in combination with anti-HER2 antibodies can be tested as an effective alternative therapeutic strategy to current chemotherapy and anti-HER2 antibodies in HER2pos BC.
The freighted social histories of HIV and hepatitis C: exploring service providers’ perspectives on stigma in the current epidemics
Authors: valentine kylie , Smith Anthony K J , Persson Asha , Gray Rebecca , Bryant Joanne , Hamilton Myra , Wallace Jack , Drysdale Kerryn , Newman Christy E
Published: June 2022

A virus has a social history. In the case of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, this history is one involving stigma and discrimination, advocacy and activism, and recent dramatic improvements in treatment. These social histories influence the experience of people who live with the viruses, and those who work with them. One aspect of this is the impact of social changes on the biographical disruption and integration brought about by illness. Healthcare practitioners who see significant improvements in the effectiveness of treatment for a condition over the course of their professional life will incorporate those changes into their own history and their relationship to that condition.

This article is based on a study of the experiences of serodiscordance, or mixed infection status, in families living with HIV and two types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The article explores the perspectives of healthcare workers who work with people affected by these viruses, who were asked about their experiences in working with serodiscordance in families. Interviews revealed that changing social meanings given to bloodborne viruses, and changes to treatment over time, held a significant place in the accounts that service providers gave of their work. In asking them to describe their work with HIV and HCV, we were also asking about work that has been shaped by changing patterns and sources of stigma, and recently reshaped by changes in treatment and outcomes. While typically the experiences of patients and their families are used to investigate the social histories of diagnosis and stigma, the professional perspectives and life stories of the service providers who work with them are also revealing. We heard accounts in which histories as well as current regimes were prominent, illuminated further by insights from the sociology of health on narrative and biographical disruption.
Approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation with Hulthén plus screened Kratzer Potential using the Nikiforov–Uvarov – functional analysis (NUFA) method: an application to diatomic molecules
Authors: Inyang Etido P. , William Eddy S. , Ntibi Joseph E. , Obu Joseph A. , Iwuji Prince C. , Inyang Ephraim P.
Published: June 2022

The Schrödinger equation was solved for the Hulthén plus screened Kratzer Potential (HSKP) via the Nikiforov–Uvarov – functional analysis (NUFA) method. The bound-state energy and wave function for the HSKP were obtained in a closed form by applying the Greene–Aldrich approximation scheme to the inverse-square term. Using the resulting energy equation, we computed the energy spectra for 12 diatomic molecules (CuLi, TiH, VH, TiC, HCl, LiH, H2, ScH, CO, I2, N2, and NO) for various quantum states. To show the accuracy of our procedure, four special cases of the collective potential were obtained, and the results are in excellent agreement with the existing literature.
Affective Action and Interaction Recognition by Multi-View Representation Learning from Handcrafted Low-Level Skeleton Features
Authors: Avola Danilo , Cascio Marco , Cinque Luigi , Fagioli Alessio , Foresti Gian Luca
Published: June 2022

Human feelings expressed through verbal (e.g. voice) and non-verbal communication channels (e.g. face or body) can influence either human actions or interactions. In the literature, most of the attention was given to facial expressions for the analysis of emotions conveyed through non-verbal behaviors. Despite this, psychology highlights that the body is an important indicator of the human affective state in performing daily life activities. Therefore, this paper presents a novel method for affective action and interaction recognition from videos, exploiting multi-view representation learning and only full-body handcrafted characteristics selected following psychological and proxemic studies. Specifically, 2D skeletal data are extracted from RGB video sequences to derive diverse low-level skeleton features, i.e. multi-views, modeled through the bag-of-visual-words clustering approach generating a condition-related codebook. In this way, each affective action and interaction within a video can be represented as a frequency histogram of codewords. During the learning phase, for each affective class, training samples are used to compute its global histogram of codewords stored in a database and later used for the recognition task. In the recognition phase, the video frequency histogram representation is matched against the database of class histograms and classified as the closest affective class in terms of Euclidean distance. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated on a specifically collected dataset containing 6 emotion for both actions and interactions, on which the proposed system obtains 93.64% and 90.83% accuracy, respectively. In addition, the devised strategy also achieves in line performances with other literature works based on deep learning when tested on a public collection containing 6 emotions plus a neutral state, demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented approach and confirming the findings in psychological and proxemic studies.