bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Express-Method for Determination the Fibrous Materials Resistance to Bending
Authors: Sheromova I.A. , Starkova G.P. , Zheleznyakov A.S.
Published: February 2019

The object of research of the article is the characteristics of mechanical properties of fibrous systems under the bending deformation, and the subject is the method of determination of the resistance to bending. The aim of the work is to develop a new universal method for evaluating the resistance of fibrous materials to bending, including, among other things, the possibility of forming an electronic database on the characteristic properties of materials. To achieve this goal, a set of problems related to the analysis of existing methodological approaches and technical means, the rationale for possible solutions to the problem posed, and the development of a new patentable method for evaluating the materials’ resistance to bending, have been solved in the research. In the course of the project, a study was developed of the required characteristics for textile and leather-fur materials used for the manufacture of garments. The method is based on the use of natural oscillations frequencies of the material as an informative parameter of their resistance to bending. The method belongs to the class of express methods and provides an opportunity to create an electronic database on the properties of materials online. The approbation of the proposed solution by comparing the estimates obtained with the results of studies obtained on the basis of a standardized method (the method of the console), showed sufficient accuracy and the possibility of practical application of the developed method.
Frost-Resistant Elastomeric Nanocomposites for Operation in the Far North Conditions
Authors: Petrova Natalia N. , Portnyagina V.V. , Mukhin V.V. , Timofeeva E.N. , Matveeva N.V. , Ivanova S.F.
Published: February 2019

Operation of elastomeric materials in the extreme climatic conditions of the North is a complex and expensive, since not always existing materials can provide the required level of low-temperature characteristics (down to-60 ° C). This leads to failure of machines and mechanisms, equipment downtime, additional costs for repair or replacement of rubber parts. The need for such materials is continuously growing due to the intensive development of the northern territories, the need to develop new mineral deposits and development of offshore hydrocarbon production. Propylene oxide rubber (Tg = -73 °С) and epichlorohydrin rubber Hydrin T6000 (Tg = -60 °С) have unique frost resistance, but there is a need to improve aggressive media resistance, wear resistance and relaxation properties (the ability to restore its shape after relieving the load). For the modification of rubbers, additives of both organic and inorganic nature were chosen: ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanodiamond-containing carbon charge obtained by detonation synthesis, shungite, natural zeolites and bentonite clays. The operating properties of rubber were studied in accordance with standard methods. The structure of the obtained materials was studied by means of DSC, XRD, electron and atomic force microscopy. All developed materials are recommended for use in various industries (oil and gas, road, rail) in the Arctic regions with extreme climatic conditions.
The Research of the Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Properties of Epichlorohydrin Rubber
Authors: Timofeeva E.N. , Petrova Natalia N. , Nikolaeva K.N. , Kuzmina E.S.
Published: February 2019

The development of frost-resistant elastomeric materials with high performance characteristics remains one of the topical issues. Solving this issue will significantly improve the reliability of machines and mechanisms operating under extremely low temperatures. The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance properties of epichlorohydrin rubber was investigated. This rubber of unique frost resistance has low glass transition temperature (Tg = -60 °C).
Preparation of Hybrid Composite Materials on the Basis of Vanadium and Molybdenum Oxide Compounds
Authors: Khramenkova A.V. , Ariskina D.N. , Yuzhakova K.R.
Published: February 2019

Hybrid composite oxide material is obtained by transient electrolysis method on the surface of carbon fiber substrate having the ability to reverse electrochemical intercalation of lithium. It is established that electrochemical characteristics of the hybrid composite oxide material depend on the concentration of sodium metavanadate in the solution of cathodic degreasing electrolyte during the preparation of carbon substrate surface.
Research of Influence of Plasticizers on the Low-Temperature and Mechanical Properties of Rubbers
Authors: Sokolova M.D. , Fedorova A.F. , Pavlova V.V.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, influence of new plasticizers on the mechanical and low-temperature properties of rubbers is studied. The subjects of the research are rubbers based on BNKS-18 butadiene-nitrile rubber and Hydrin T-6000 epichlorohydrin rubber (ECHR). As used plasticizers: DINP (diisononylphthalate), TOTM (trioctyltrimellitate), DOA (dioctyladipate), Alphaplast (complex plasticizer based on esters of organic alcohols and acids). For identification the efficiency, rubbers with the studied plasticizers compared with standard rubber, in which plasticizers have not introduced, as well as with rubber in which a widely used industrial plasticizer DOF (dioktilphthalate) was added. Research of the mechanical properties of rubbers based on BNKS-18 showed that the introduction of plasticizers leads to an increase in elasticity and a slight decrease in the strength of rubbers and on the contrary for rubbers based on ECHR. Low-temperature properties of rubbers with all studied plasticizers have an increased level in comparison with standard rubber. In rubber based on BNKS-18, the highest values of the coefficient of frost resistance at-45°C are observed with the introduction of plasticizers Alphaplast and DOA, an increase in the index compared to standard rubber is more than 50%. The same plasticizers have shown the greatest contribution to the increase in frost resistance of rubbers based on ECHR.
The Influence of Polyelectrolytes on the Properties of Ultramicron and Nanosized Powders of Copper
Authors: Berezhnoi Yu.M. , Lipkin V.M. , Likhota A.D.
Published: February 2019

This paper describes the results of studies on the synthesis and functionalization of the surface of nanoscale and ultradispersed copper powders in the production process. The principles of deagglomeration and specific problems for Nanoparticles are considered. The paper presents data on stabilization of copper nanoparticles in the process of obtaining, highlights the problems that require a good understanding, namely the study of the behavior of different types of ultra and nanoscale copper powders in the processes related to production of polymeric composite materials.
Estimation of the Limit State Criterion for Steels C1020 and A 516-55 with V-Notch under Quasistatic Loading Using Acoustic Emission Control
Authors: Zakirnichnaya M.M. , Abdulganieva O.R. , Yudicheva D.A.
Published: February 2019

There is a need to determine the stresses value for responsible designs in the oil and gas refining, petrochemical and chemical industries, at which the defect reaches its maximum size. This stress value can be taken as the limit state criterion for strength calculations of vessels and apparatus. The article presents a technique for determining the limit state criterion for carbonaceous and low-alloy steels using the example of steels C1020 and A 516-55 in the state of delivery. As a limit state criterion it is proposed to use the stress value corresponding to the microcrack formation moment. The studies are based on the uniaxial tension tests results at room temperature of flat samples with V-shaped stress concentrators of 2 mm deep, accompanied by an acoustic emission nondestructive testing method. Based on the obtained pulse amplitude and pulse energy dependences on time in the process of testing and fractographic studies, a technique for estimating acoustic emission signals was developed to determine the microcrack formation moment for test steels. Stress values that can be taken as the limit state criterion for steels C1020 and A 516-55 in the delivery state for strength calculations vessels and apparatus are determined using the developed experimentally technique based on the high-amplitude acoustic emission to low-amplitude signals ratio. With the help of specimen fractures fractographic analysis the legitimacy of using the developed technique is justified. Thus, at room temperature for steel C1020, the stress at which a microcrack begins to form is 420 MPa, for steel A 516-55 it is 455 MPa.
Modeling of Processes of Solidification of Metals under Conditions Imposing Pressure
Authors: Denisov M.S.
Published: February 2019

This work describes the effect of pressure on the release of latent heat of crystallization. It is established that imposition of pressure combined with the cooling rate creates the conditions for formation of metastable structural states, which can be used to enhance and control changes in the properties of metals and alloys.
Structure and Anisotropy of the Mechanical Properties of Hot- and Cold-Rolled Semi-Finished Products from Aluminium-Lithium Alloys
Authors: Erisov Yaroslav , Surudin Sergey , Grechnikova A.
Published: February 2019

Research of structure and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of hot-and cold-rolled semi-finished products from Al-Mg-Li (1420 and 1424) and Al-Cu-Li (V-1461) alloys was conducted. Semi-finished products were made in industrial conditions by standard technologies. During the tension test ultimate strength, yield stress, elongation and coefficients of lateral strain in three directions (at 0°, 45° and 90° angles to the rolling direction) were determined in order to study the planar anisotropy. It was established that the main characteristic inherent to both the first generation of aluminium-lithium alloys (1420) and the subsequent ones (1424, V-1461) is a pronounced anisotropy of the mechanical properties including the characteristics of plastic strain. At the same time, as for most aluminium alloys, aluminium-lithium alloys are characterized by low values of the lateral strain coefficients. It leads to a number of negative consequences in the subsequent forming: distortion and dimensions alteration of parts, limitation of formability, metal losses due to overestimation of thickness and dimensions of blanks, weight increase of the construction.
The Assessment of the Possibility of Using the Iron Ore of the Lena-Amginsky Interfluve for the Production of Cast Alloys for Low-Temperature Purposes
Authors: Danilov A.D. , Stepanova Ksenia V. , Petrov P.P.
Published: February 2019

The paper gives an assessment of the possibility of using local mineral raw materials to create foundry alloys that are operated under natural low temperatures. The feasibility of using iron ores of the Lena ore field (Yakutia, North-East of Russia) for the development of new cold resistant and high strength steels is analyzed. The chemical composition and microstructure of the melted alloy were studied. Also the phase composition of the alloy by X-ray diffraction method is analyzed. The alloy with respect to the chemical composition is naturally doped Mn, W, V, which are well preserved in the preparation of the iron semi-finished product by direct reduction technology. The obtained sample after processing has acquired a uniform structure, typical for tool carbon steel after forging. Elemental analysis data indicate a uniform distribution of iron, carbon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus in the alloy.
Research on Wear Resistance of Multifunctional Coatings Used in the Manufacture of Art and Industrial Products
Authors: Prokopenko A.K. , Golubev A.P. , Korneev A.A.
Published: February 2019

This article deals with the issues of assessment of wear resistance of multifunctional coats used in the manufacture of art and industrial products. The article shows that in the production process of such products protective&decorative coatings are widely used. They must possess a complex of features, among which wear-resistance occupies a front place. To determine this parameter, the authors developed a special technique for accelerated testing and upgraded the test benches, which makes it possible to assess the abrasion resistance of multifunctional coatings. Reliable results were achieved by increasing the accuracy of recording equipment with the use of information technologies. Implemented modernization of the test benches allowed increasing the efficiency and reliability of the test results, as well as provided the expansion of the functional capabilities due to the maximum approximation of the test conditions to the real operating conditions of the art and industrial products. The developed technique of the accelerated testing allows assessing the resistance to abrasion of multifunctional coatings and thereby predicting the service life of the product for artistic and industrial purposes.
Technical Support for the Health of the Reducers of Construction Machines on the Basis of Application Device for the Application of Hard Coatings
Authors: Burlachenko O.V. , Zlobin V.N. , Burlachenko A.O.
Published: February 2019

The new technology of ensuring efficiency of reducers of construction machines is offered. The technology is based on the application of hardening coatings on the contact surface of the gear teeth. To implement the method, the authors developed an installation for applying hardening coatings by ion implantation. Similar devices used for the application of hard materials in the form of diffusion coatings on hot parts of tooling and machine parts are described. It is shown that the proposed installation has a greater technical and economic efficiency compared to existing analogues. The description of the design and operating principle of the proposed device is presented. The results of experimental researches of efficiency of the offered technology are presented. The modes of processing allowing to achieve the maximum indexes of working capacity are picked up. The conducted researches have shown the efficiency of the offered technology for the details from hard alloys.
The Impact of Zinc Coating Specifications on Corrosion Resistance аnd Durability of Steels
Authors: Kovalenko I.A. , Laskin D.V. , Trifonova A.Y.
Published: February 2019

The article contains the findings on impact of zinc coating specifications on corrosion resistance and service life of steels of various chemical composition used often in modern industries. Characteristics such as type, class, chemical compound and thickness of zinc-based coatings are also addressed. Experiments were performed in which corrosion rate and useful life of zinc coatings in probable operating-like conditions — i.e., in environments of varying degrees of corrosive power (humid and high-chloride environments) were determined. It has been established which one of the environments is the most corrosive for steels depending on the zinc-based coatings’ specifications. Qualitative (visual) and quantitative (gravimetric) assessment of corrosion resistance and service life of chosen steels is presented. Optimal hot dip galvanized coating specifications were determined using statistical analysis.
Structural-Phase State of the Diamond-Matrix Transition Zone in Hard-Alloy Diamond-Containing Composites with Diffusion Metallization of Diamonds during Sintering with Impregnation
Authors: Sharin P.P. , Akimova M.P. , Yakovleva S.P.
Published: February 2019

The conducted study belongs to a field of fundamental and application-oriented issues of interphase interaction and formation of interfacial layers between a filler and matrix during the synthesis of composite systems. The factors determining the strength of the diamonds retention in a hard-alloy matrix of abrasive composites obtained by the hybrid synthesis technology with thermal diffusion metallization of diamond particles and sintering by a scheme of the self-metering impregnation were studied. Chemical composition, morphology and distribution of the reaction products, the nature of the resulting carbon phases in the contact zone between the diamond and matrix were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the increase of physical and chemical adhesion of diamond with the matrix during the synthesis of composites by the developed technology occurs due to the formation of high nano- and submicronic roughness of the diamond surface, formation of island-type metallized coating, dense filling of gaps by nanoscale layers of metal-infiltrate. Free carbon (graphite) was found in small quantities in the form of micron dimension separate inclusions. The revealed multilevel hierarchy of the high-structured morphological forms of the elements of the transitional layers has provided the solidity and strength of the joint between diamond and matrix.
Interaction of Tops of Domains in Metal Nano of the Film
Authors: Panaetov V.P. , Solovev Denis B.
Published: February 2019

Ferromagnetic film can be a matrix for recording information with the help of magnetic moments of electrons. The study of the processes of changing the magnetic structure in an electron-transmission microscope makes it possible to investigate micro magnetic phenomena. In this paper, we investigate the interaction between the vertices of neighboring regions. It is shown how the magnetic structure of the vertices of the domains changes as they approach each other with the help of an increasing constant magnetic field applied along the axis of easy magnetization. The distance was measured between the vertices of the domains. The schemes of distribution of the magnetization vectors between interacting vertices are shown. These schemes are made from experimental images of the magnetic structure. The distances between domain vertices and domain walls were compared on the basis of experimental data. The film thickness is 50 nm; the structure is Ni0.83-Fe0.17. The films were obtained by the method proposed by us. From the experimental results it follows that the interaction of the domain walls is observed at a distance of 20 microns and the interaction of the domain vertices is manifested at a distance of 100 μm.
Investigation of the Model Paraffin Systems for Development of Thermal Insulation of Pipelines in Permafrost Zone
Authors: Ivanova I.K. , Semenov M.E. , Koryakina V.V.
Published: February 2019

The potential of using paraffin deposits as natural insulation of the internal surface of oil pipelines in the permafrost zone has been considered. Paraffin deposits have been collected from the surface of oil field equipment in the Irelyakhskoye gas and oil field (Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The method of differential scanning calorimetry has been applied for study of phase transformation of commercial paraffins in the composite solvents based on gas condensate (GC) that is currently used for removal of paraffin deposits in this field, and in the composite solvents based on n-undecane (n-C11), as a model of the gasoline fraction of condensate. Binary and ternary composites based on gas condensate andn-undecane represent compositions with cyclohexane andp-xylene. The degree of crystallinity (DC) of paraffins has been determined to depend on the degree of aliphaticity of used composite solvents – as the degree of aliphaticity of solvents increases, DC of paraffins decreases. It has been identified that paraffins in ternary solvents based on GC and onn-C11 have low DC and high melting points. The results of research allow us to recommend paraffin deposits in ternary solvents obtained from GC as a promising raw material for thermal insulation of pipelines through targeted paraffinization, thus reducing a heat loss to the surroundings from oil and avoiding soil thawing and destruction in the permafrost area.
On the Dislocation Contribution to the Dielectric Loss in the Materials with Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Nechaev V.N. , Dezhin V.V.
Published: February 2019

A variable electric field is applied to a crystal. This field gives rise – through the piezoelectric coupling – to the variable mechanical stresses. Then the dislocations in the crystal will be driven by Peach-Koehler force and will start moving, dissipating the external field energy. Connection of the electric field energy dissipated per unit time with the internal friction is found. The case of resonant loss (Granato-Lucke model) is considered. The loss related to this mechanism to be at frequencies of megahertz range. The relaxation processes being responsible for the Bordoni and Hasiguti peaks also are considered. The use of obtained equations makes it possible to distinguish the dislocation contribution to both dielectric loss and dielectric dispersion and, therefore, to derive additional information about the crystal structure in a sufficiently simple way in terms of only one method.
Synthesis of Ceramic and Glass Ceramic Matrices with Immobilized Cesium Radionuclides for Active Zones of Ionizing Radiation Sources
Authors: Belov A.A. , Shichalin O.O. , Papynov E.K.
Published: February 2019

The present study was devoted to the development of alternative solutions related to replacement of highly dispersed powder of cesium chloride (137CsCl) used as a filler of active zones of g-radiation IRSs (ionizing radiation sources of the closed type) by safer and more efficient in operation highly compacted ceramic or glass ceramic material. An advanced method of fabrication of highly compacted (density of ~99.8 % of the theoretical one) aluminosilicate (artificial NaA zeolites) ceramic and glass ceramic matrices characterized with high construction strength (compression strength ~149 MPa) applicable for reliable immobilization of cesium radionuclides (leaching rate <10-5–10-6g/cm2×day) has been suggested. Unique matrices properties are ensured by advanced features of the technology of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) based on high-rate electro-pulse consolidation of the radioactive charge (adsorbed cesium content ~22.16 mass %) into thermodynamically stable ceramics or glass ceramics. The earlier unstudied features of the SPS consolidation of natural zeolite powders sorption-saturated with a radioactive cesium simulant are presented, including the dynamics of their compaction and specifics of phase and structural transformations under effect of irreversible spark plasma conditions.
Control Quality of Composite Materials by Using Subminiature Eddy Current Transducers
Authors: Dmitriev S. , Ishkov A. , Malikov Vladimir , Sagalakov A.
Published: February 2019

Based eddy current transducer (ECT), a probe has been designed to research composite materials. Defects inspection of composite materials is performed to determine the following standard defects: defect of the metallic and (or) polymer layer uniformity. The subminiature ECT of the original design is used as a sensor in this device, it is made according to a differential scheme of switching on of the coils of a transformer ECT and allowing to localize the control area up to 0.1-0.5 mm. The measurement procedure allowing one to detect defects in composite materials with a high accuracy is described. The sensor was tested on the composite material consisting of paper or low-density polyethylene and aluminum layers in which the model defect was placed. The dependences of the ECT signal on the defect in this structure are given. The determined dependence of electrical conductivity of composite materials on model defects make it possible to carry out defects inspection of composite materials.
Mathematical Modeling the Nonlinear 1D Dynamics of Elastic Heteromodular and Porous Materials
Authors: Dudko Olga V. , Ragozina Victoria E. , Lapteva Anastasia A.
Published: February 2019

Approaches to mathematical modeling of nonlinear strain dynamics in heteromodular and porous materials are discussed; the mechanical properties of media are described in terms of the simple piecewise linear elastic models. Several nonstationary 1D boundary value problems show that the singularity of model relationships gives rise to shock waves and centered Riemann waves in generalized solutions. Nonstationary load modes leading to the listed nonlinear effects are indicated separately for heteromodular and porous media.
Elastic Wood-Filled Floor Coverings for Children’s Play Areas
Authors: Galyavetdinov Nour R. , Safin Ruslan R. , Kainov P.A.
Published: February 2019

According to modern standards, all courtyard, school and public playgrounds on which gaming equipment is installed must undergo tests of shock absorption of the surface under and around the equipment to prevent serious injuries to the child. In this regard, widely spread coatings on the basis of rubber chips. However, they not only do not meet the aesthetic requirements, but can also worsen the environmental situation when operating indoors. The paper describes a method for producing composites from wood flour and a silicone binder. The effect of wood meal content on the water absorption of composites as well as the effect of silicone content on the density of the results of the research showed that an increase in the content of wood flour significantly increases the water absorption of the resulting composite, that the composite material obtained with the addition of filler from wood meal, the values ​​of the maximum and minimum elastic moment increased, since the presence of fillers imparts a restriction on the deformation of the composite, and, consequently, the composite becomes harder and harder. As a result of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the use of silicone as binder and shredded wood waste as a filler makes it possible to obtain good quality elastic flooring with high aesthetic, operational and environmental properties.
Microcrystalline Cellulose from Lignocellulosic Material Activated by Steam Explosion Treatment and Mathematical Modeling of the Processes Accompanying its Preparation
Authors: Prosvirnikov D.B. , Timerbaev Nail F. , Safin R.G.
Published: February 2019

In this paper we propose a mathematical model and an algorithm for calculating the processes accompanying the hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic material activated by steam explosion treatment, the purpose of which is to obtain microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The calculation of the process is implemented in MathCad and CurveExpert software environments. The obtained modeling results will allow to control the technological processes of continuous delignification and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material activated by steam explosion treatment and also to automate them.
Modeling of Tribological Characteristics of Specimens with Wear-Resistant Coating Using Dummy Variables
Authors: Loginov N. , Khudyakova O. , Orlova E.
Published: February 2019

In the process of machining, one of the main factors affecting machining tool wear is friction. A decrease in the coefficient of friction between the machining tool and a machined part is a key challenge for researchers. One of the methods to decrease the coefficient of friction and, consequently, to improve the endurance of the tool is the application of wear-resistant coatings. In the current study, modelling of triboprocesses using dummy variables is proposed. Since a peculiarity of modelling of manufacturing processes is a presence of a large number of quality parameters, the influence of all key parameters on the value of the coefficient of friction has been analysed. Also, an adequate model of the dependence of the conditions of the manufacturing process on the coefficient of friction has been developed. The results of the model are important not only for analysis of friction between contact surfaces itself, but also as supplementary and qualitative estimation of different manufacturing processes.
Modeling of Aerated Cement Concrete Structure and Increasing its Crack Resistance
Authors: Korotkikh D. , Panfilov D. , Polikutin A.
Published: February 2019

In this article is described a problem of increasing crack resistance of aerated cement concrete. Authors, having a model of concrete’s structure, made a disclosure of ratios for calculation of parameters the aerated concrete with disperse reinforcement. These ratios show data about change of structure parameters of aerated concretes with disperse reinforcement such as different density by variation of factors water-cement ratio, percent of reinforcement, ratio between dosing of cement and sand. Concrete’s cracking resistance was evaluated by compressive strength and parameter KIc. As result of experimental data processing authors got regression’s equations, which adequately describe changes of fracture toughness and compressive strength of aerated cement concrete (foam concrete) with density 1200 kg/m3 and 1400 kg/m3 in limits of factor area. There was shown a possibility of two-time increasing of fracture toughness and strength of aerated cement concrete with disperse reinforcement its structure by rough basalt fiber.
Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Prismatic Shells by the Finite Element Method Using Variable Elasticity Parameters
Authors: Kruglov V. , Iurchenko V.
Published: February 2019

The paper considers the modification of the generally accepted formulation of the finite elements method by applying in the calculation I.Mileykovski’s refined technical theory of shells that takes into account the deformations of the transverse shear along the thickness of the model. When applying this solution path, it is possible to calculate thick and thin shells (plates) with equal efficiency, taking into account the complex strained state of an anisotropic material. It illustrates the inclusion in the computational algorithm of variable parameters of the elasticity of concrete, allowing more accurate evaluation of the stress-strain state in the finite element under complex (combined) loads. The presence of reinforcement in the material is modeled by dividing the structure into layers and sequentially reduction the elastic characteristics of the material based on the volume ratio of the components. The advantage of the algorithm is the ease of its integration with the conventional finite elements method. All transformations in this case consist in the modification of expressions for determining the elastic characteristics of the construction, calculating the gradient and stiffness matrices, while the sequence of further calculations does not change. This enables to use the proposed algorithm, including as a plug-in software module, expanding the capabilities of existing computing programs. The article demonstrates the application of the method in modeling a reinforced concrete slab made with the use of multi-component high-strength concrete of a heavy class having a prismatic strength under uniaxial compression of more than 110 MPa.
Computer Modeling of the Process of Synthesis of Porous Glass-Composite Materials
Authors: Yatsenko L.A. , Yatsenko Elena A. , Goltsman B.M.
Published: February 2019

The operational properties of thermal insulation materials directly depend on their structure. The processes of pore formation occur inside the material after high-temperature treatment, which makes their studying more expensive and complicated. On the basis of experimental data, a computer simulation program for the process of pore formation has been developed, which makes it possible to simulate the processes of changing the structure of foam glass during heat treatment without repeated laboratory experiments.
Planning Measures for Environmentally Safe Handling with Extremely and Highly Hazardous Wastes in Industrial, Building and Transport Complex
Authors: Tskhovrebov E. , Velichko E. , Niyazgulov U.
Published: February 2019

The analysis of the current situation with the handling with extremely and highly hazardous wastes in Russia in terms of various industries, building and transport complex. According to the results of the studies, promising measures are proposed to create an industrial infrastructure for the processing, utilization, neutralization of the mentioned types of waste in the form of modern tasks for scientific and technical development, the creation of new cost-effective resource-saving, environmentally safe production complexes and systems, the introduction of accessible top-level technologies, ensuring the requirements of legislation in the field of handling with hazardous waste and protecting the environment.
Descriptions of Paleozoic cores and thin sections from the Gudrid H-55, Roberval K-92, Indian Harbour M-52, and Freydis B-87 wells, offshore Labrador (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Authors: Bingham-Koslowski N
Published: February 2019

The Paleozoic of offshore Labrador has received minimal attention due to its limited geographic extent and the lack of reliable biostratigraphic data, preventing correlation of these strata on a regional to global scale. Paleozoic strata are encountered in seven
wells in the Hopedale Basin, of which, only four wells have cores associated with the pre-Mesozoic interval (Gudrid H-55, Roberval K-92, Indian Harbour M-52, and Freydis B-87). Six cores from the four wells, along with their associated 43 thin sections, are described here in an attempt to document
lithological similarities between the wells that might provide insight into the timing and depositional environments of these rocks. Five of the six cores are composed of carbonate rocks with compositions ranging from dolostone (Gudrid H-55, Roberval K-92), to limestone and dolostone (Indian Harbour
M-52), to primarily limestone with minimal diagenetic alteration (Freydis B-87 Core #2). Fossil material is rare to absent in pervasively dolomitized cores. Small, taxonomically indeterminate fossil fragments are common in the cores from Indian Harbour M-52 and Freydis B-87, along with shell
fragments, articulated bivalve and brachiopod shells, echinoderms (crinoids), gastropods, sponge spicules, bryozoans, dasycladacean green algae, trilobites, ostracods, and calcimicrobes (Girvanella). Core #1 from the Freydis B-87 well, the only siliciclastic Paleozoic core, is composed of
sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones. Roberval K-92 Core #6 contains two, mafic igneous intervals and hydrocarbon-charged porosity is observed in both cores from this well. Correlation of these Paleozoic strata, although consistent with similarities in the quantity and nature of fossil content,
must await rigorous biostratigraphic assessment.
A Depressão como Posição Subjetiva: Contribuições Lacanianas
Authors: Medeiros Alberto Antunes , Calazans Roberto
Published: February 2019

A depressão é atualmente um dos assuntos mais difundidos na sociedade. Trata-se de um quadro clínico que acomete milhões de pessoas no mundo inteiro todos os anos e seu diagnóstico é cada vez mais frequente. Nessa perspectiva, ela é tratada como um problema do campo médico e sua etiologia estaria associada à uma desordem neuroquímica. A psicanálise propõe outra alternativa que vai além da perspectiva biomédica. Nesse sentido, nos amparamos no ensino de Lacan e realizamos uma articulação precisa entre a tristeza e o desejo. Dessa maneira os estados depressivos seriam na verdade uma consequência da desorientação do sujeito em relação ao seu desejo. Essa direção se mostra precisa, pois nos fornece elementos para pensarmos o diagnóstico diferencial de melancolia e os estados depressivos que se apresentam sob esse quadro. Trata-se de uma situação em que ocorre o apagamento do desejo do sujeito em função da sua identificação com o objeto perdido. Essa perspectiva também nos permite pensar a depressão neurótica e situá-la como um recuo do sujeito diante do seu desejo que é suscitado pelo Outro. Por fim, a psicanálise nos mostra que a depressão enquanto entidade clínica não existe. Nessas coordenadas, os estados depressivos traduzem sempre uma posição do sujeito diante do objeto, que deve sempre ser analisada a partir da lógica pulsional.
Two pathways of how remote SST anomalies drive the interannual variability of autumnal haze days in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Zhiwei , Qi Li , Zhao Qiaohua , He Jinhai , Wang Julian X. L.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Analogous to the circumstances in wintertime, the increasing
severity of autumnal haze pollution over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH)
region may also lead to impairment of the socioeconomic development and
human health in this region. Despite man-made aerosol emissions, the
interannual variability of autumnal (September–October–November) haze days
(AHDs) in the BTH region (AHDBTH) is apparently tied to the global and
regional meteorological anomalies. The present study suggests that an
above-normal AHDBTH is closely associated with the simultaneous sea
surface temperature (SST) warming in two regions (over the North Atlantic
subtropical sector, R1, and over the western North Pacific sector, R2).
When the autumnal SST warming in both R1 and R2 is significant, the
likelihood of a higher AHDBTH is greatly enhanced. Observational and
simulation evidence demonstrated how remote SST anomalies over R1 and R2
influence variation of AHDBTH via two different pathways. Firstly, SST
warming in R1 can induce a downstream midlatitudinal Rossby wave train,
leading to a barotropic high-pressure and subsidence anomaly over the BTH
region. Secondly, SST warming in R2 can also result in air subsidence over
the BTH region through an anomalous local meridional cell. Through these two
distinct pathways, localized meteorological circumstances conducive to a
higher AHDBTH (i.e., repressed planetary boundary layer, weak southerly
airflow, and warm and moist conditions) can be established.
The importance of the representation of air pollution emissions for the modeled distribution and radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic
Authors: Schacht Jacob , Heinold Bernd , Quaas Johannes , Backman John , Cherian Ribu , Ehrlich Andre , Herber Andreas , Huang Wan Ting Katty , Kondo Yutaka , Massling Andreas , Sinha P. R. , Weinzierl Bernadett , Zanatta Marco , Tegen Ina
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Aerosol particles can contribute to the Arctic Amplification by direct and indirect radiative effects. Specifically, black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere, and when deposited on snow and sea ice, has a positive effect on the top of atmosphere radiation balance during polar day. Current climate models, however, are still struggling to reproduce Arctic aerosol conditions. We present an evaluation study with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 to examine emission-related uncertainties in the BC distribution and the direct radiative effect of BC. The model results are comprehensively compared against latest ground and air-borne aerosol observations for the period 2005–2017 with focus on BC. Four different setups of air pollution emissions are tested. The simulations in general match well with the observed amount and temporal variability of near-surface BC in the Arctic. Using actual daily instead of fixed biomass burning emissions is crucial to reproduce individual pollution events but has only a small influence on the seasonal cycle of BC. Compared to commonly used fixed anthropogenic emissions for the year 2000, an up-to-date inventory with transient air pollution emissions results in up to 30 % higher annual BC burden and an over 0.2 W m−2 higher annual mean all-sky net direct radiative effect of BC at top of the atmosphere over the Eastern Arctic Ocean. We estimate BC in the Arctic to lead to a net gain of up 0.8 W m−2 by the direct radiative effect of atmospheric BC plus the effect by an albedo reduction by BC-in-snow. Long-range transport is identified as one of the main sources of uncertainties for ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3, leading to an overestimation of BC in atmospheric layers above 500 hPa especially in summer. This is related to a misrepresentation in wet removal in one identified case at least, that was observed during the ARCTAS summer aircraft campaign. Over all, the current model version has significantly improved since previous intercomparison studies and performs now better than the AeroCom average in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of Arctic BC.
Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variation of the state variables in the solution space – Part 2: application to geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite observations
Authors: Luffarelli Marta , Govaerts Yves
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This paper presents the simultaneous retrieval of aerosol optical thickness
and surface properties from the CISAR algorithm applied both to geostationary
and polar-orbiting satellite observations. The theoretical concepts of the
CISAR algorithm have been described in Govaerts and Luffarelli (2018). CISAR
has been applied to SEVIRI and PROBA-V observations acquired over 20 AERONET
stations during the year 2015. The CISAR retrieval from the two sets of
observations is evaluated against independent data sets such as the MODIS
land product and AERONET data. The performance differences resulting from the
two types of orbit are discussed, and the information content of SEVIRI and
PROBA-V observations is analysed and compared.
Main drivers of transparent exopolymer particle distribution across the surface Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zamanillo Marina , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Nunes Sdena , Rodríguez-Ros Pablo , Dall'Osto Manuel , Estrada Marta , Montserrat Sala Maria , Simó Rafel
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are a class of gel
particles, produced mainly by microorganisms, which play important roles in
biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycling and export. TEPs (a) are
colonized by carbon-consuming microbes; (b) mediate aggregation and sinking
of organic matter and organisms, thereby contributing to the biological
carbon pump; and (c) accumulate in the surface microlayer (SML) and affect
air–sea gas exchange. The first step to evaluate the global influence of
TEPs in these processes is the prediction of TEP occurrence in the ocean.
Yet, little is known about the physical and biological variables that drive
their abundance, particularly in the open ocean. Here we describe the
horizontal TEP distribution, along with physical and biological variables, in
surface waters along a north–south transect in the Atlantic Ocean during
October–November 2014. Two main regions were separated due to remarkable
differences: the open Atlantic Ocean (OAO, n=30), and the Southwestern
Atlantic Shelf (SWAS, n=10). TEP concentration in the entire transect
ranged 18.3–446.8 µg XG eq L−1 and averaged 117.1±119.8 µg XG eq L−1, with the maximum concentrations in the
SWAS and in a station located at the edge of the Canary Coastal Upwelling
(CU), and the highest TEP to chlorophyll a (TEP:Chl a)
ratios in the OAO (183±56) and CU (1760). TEPs were significantly and
positively related to Chl a and phytoplankton biomass, expressed in terms
of C, along the entire transect. In the OAO, TEPs were positively related to
some phytoplankton groups, mainly Synechococcus. They were
negatively related to the previous 24 h averaged solar irradiance,
suggesting that sunlight, particularly UV radiation, is more a sink than a
source for TEP. Multiple regression analyses showed the combined positive
effect of phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotes (HPs) on TEP
distribution in the OAO. In the SWAS, TEPs were positively related to high
nucleic acid-containing prokaryotic cells and total phytoplankton biomass,
but not to any particular phytoplankton group. Estimated TEP–carbon
constituted an important portion of the particulate organic carbon pool in
the entire transect (28 %–110 %), generally higher than the
phytoplankton and HP carbon shares, which highlights the importance of TEPs
in the cycling of organic matter in the ocean.
Mercury anomalies across the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Jones Morgan T. , Percival Lawrence M. E. , Stokke Ella W. , Frieling Joost , Mather Tamsin A. , Riber Lars , Schubert Brian A. , Schultz Bo , Tegner Christian , Planke Sverre , Svensen Henrik H.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Large-scale magmatic events like the emplacement of the North Atlantic
Igneous Province (NAIP) are often coincident with periods of extreme climate
change such as the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). One proxy for
volcanism in the geological record that is receiving increased attention is
the use of mercury (Hg) anomalies. Volcanic eruptions are among the dominant
natural sources of Hg to the environment; thus, elevated Hg∕TOC values
in the sedimentary rock record may reflect an increase in volcanic activity
at the time of deposition. Here we focus on five continental shelf sections
located around the NAIP in the Palaeogene. We measured Hg concentrations,
total organic carbon (TOC) contents, and δ13C values to assess
how Hg deposition fluctuated across the PETM carbon isotope excursion (CIE).
We find a huge variation in Hg anomalies between sites. The Grane field in
the North Sea, the most proximal locality to the NAIP analysed, shows Hg
concentrations up to 90 100 ppb
(Hg∕TOC = 95 700 ppb wt %−1) in the early Eocene.
Significant Hg∕TOC anomalies are also present in Danish (up to
324 ppb wt %−1) and Svalbard (up to 257 ppb wt %−1)
sections prior to the onset of the PETM and during the recovery period, while
the Svalbard section also shows a continuous Hg∕TOC anomaly during the
body of the CIE. The combination with other tracers of volcanism, such as tephra
layers and unradiogenic Os isotopes, at these localities suggests that the
Hg∕TOC anomalies reflect pulses of magmatic activity. In contrast, we
do not observe clear Hg anomalies on the New Jersey shelf (Bass River) or the
Arctic Ocean (Lomonosov Ridge). This large spatial variance could be due to
more regional Hg deposition. One possibility is that phreatomagmatic
eruptions and hydrothermal vent complexes formed during the emplacement of
sills led to submarine Hg release, which is observed to result in limited
distribution in the modern era. The Hg∕TOC anomalies in strata
deposited prior to the CIE may suggest that magmatism linked to the
emplacement of the NAIP contributed to the initiation of the PETM. However,
evidence for considerable volcanism in the form of numerous tephra layers and
Hg∕TOC anomalies post-PETM indicates a complicated relationship
between LIP volcanism and climate. Factors such as climate system feedbacks,
changes to the NAIP emplacement style, and/or varying magma production rates
may be key to both the onset and cessation of hyperthermal conditions during
the PETM. However, processes such as diagenesis and organic matter sourcing
can have a marked impact on Hg∕TOC ratios and need to be better
constrained before the relationship between Hg anomalies and volcanic
activity can be considered irrefutable.