bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Xanthan Gum Production by Demerara Sugar Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ramos Larissa Castor , Jesus Meirielly Santos , Pires Preciosa , Fontes-Junior Alberto S. , Nunes Erica S. , Santos Klebson S. , Teixeira José António , Padilha Francine Ferreira , Ruzene Denise Santos , Silva Daniel Pereira
Published: March 2023

Xanthan gum (XG) production using three Xanthomonas sp. strains (290, 472, and S6) was evaluated by applying a 23 full factorial central composite design response to study the interactive effects of the fermentation medium component concentrations as parameters to determine the efficiency of the gum production in batch experiments. The experimental variables were the carbon source (demerara sugar or sucrose), potassium phosphate dibasic, and magnesium sulfate. Experimental results showed the K2HPO4 concentration as the important parameter for XG production by using Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis IBSBF 290 and X. campestris pv. campestris IBSBF 472, while for the Xanthomonas sp. S6 strain, the MgSO4∙7H2O concentration was the determining factor in XG production using demerara sugar or sucrose as a carbon source. The strains of Xanthomonas 472 and S6, using demerara sugar and higher concentrations of salts, exhibited a higher yield of XG (36 and 32%) than when using sucrose and the same concentration of salts. The experimental outcomes highlighted demerara sugar as a suitable and efficient alternative carbon and micronutrient source for XG production. Despite the bacterial strain influence, the medium composition is crucial for this fermentation process. Therefore, the evaluated salts are important factors for XG production, and the demerara sugar can partially replace this mineral salt requirement as indicated by the face-centered composite experimental design due to its chemical composition. Overall, demerara sugar provides promising properties for XG production.
A Sustainable Pattern of Waste Management and Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes Using the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Ehsanifar Mohammad , Dekamini Fatemeh , Spulbar Cristi , Birau Ramona , Khazaei Moein , Bărbăcioru Iuliana Carmen
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, environmental protection involves many issues and problems, among which the waste generated by various human activities makes up a significant share, which is becoming newer day by day. Moreover, the production of normal, industrial, special, hospital, and agricultural waste and improper management of these materials has created many health, safety, and environmental problems. Based on this approach, this research study aims to determine the model of waste management and energy efficiency in smart homes using the Internet of Things (IoT). The research method used by this study is estimative-computational. For this purpose, the required data were collected using a computational approach. For this purpose, the required views and data were collected through experts in this field and calculated in MATLAB and STATA software. The data analysis tool was represented by fuzzy calculations and for this purpose MATLAB software was used. The study revealed that energy costs in smart homes using the IoT technology are impressive. The number of home residents in smart homes using the IoT is impressive. Home area in smart homes using the innovative technology of IoT is also impressive.
The Impact of AfCFTA on Welfare and Trade: Nigeria and South Africa in Light of Core Export Competences
Authors: Mhonyera Gabriel , Meyer Daniel Francois
Published: March 2023

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force in May 2019 after surpassing the required 22 ratifications. This article combines the decision support model (DSM) and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to make quantitative assessments of the expected welfare and trade effects of the AfCFTA on Nigerian and South African sectors possessing sustained export potential within the AfCFTA member states. By specifying two scenarios of AfCFTA membership, the simulation results reveal positive welfare gains for Nigeria (USD 146.12 million) and South Africa (USD 1.46 billion), originating from the GTAP sectors identified with sustainable export opportunities in the AfCFTA member states. The trade deal is also expected to be net-trade-creating, with a net trade of USD 2.15 billion at the global level. The assessments in this article are valuable in informing trade policy in light of core export competencies and the size, growth and consistency of the import demand in AfCFTA countries. It is also the first time elements of a product-level export market analytical tool are harmonised with a CGE model in the welfare and trade assessments of regional and/or bilateral trade arrangements. Policymakers and export promotion associations in both Nigeria and South Africa are recommended to utilise the results found in this article as a point of departure in leveraging the welfare-improving sustained export opportunities identified within the AfCFTA.
Determination of Concentration of Free Carbon Dioxide in Artificial Seawater by Difference Balance System/Henry’s Law
Authors: Liu Guang-Hu , Deng Li-Ting , Wen Ming-Ming , Cui Hao-Nan , Huang Jing-Yi , Wang Chen-Fei , Zhao Hang-Yi , Wang Chu-Ping , Chen Tian-Rui
Published: March 2023

The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater affects the formation of seabed biogenic minerals, and controls the development and evolution of marine organisms, which is one of the most important indices in the marine environment and geology survey. The concentration of free carbon dioxide in bottom seawater has important academic value for the exploration of seabed minerals, marine environment monitoring, the study of the carbon cycle in seabed sediments and even the global carbon cycle. Titration is used to determine the index, whose range is between 4 mg/L and 400 mg/L. However, the concentration of free carbon dioxide in bottom seawater in some sea areas is lower than this range, thus titration may not be suitable. A method for the determination of free carbon dioxide in artificial seawater, whose name is D.B.S/Henry’s Law, is described in this paper. D.B.S/Henry’s Law indirectly determines the content of free carbon dioxide in seawater instead of directly titrating with reagents. It is simple, fast and accurate, and it is based on the law of conservation of mass/Henry’s law and CO2 dissolution mechanisms. This discovery mainly provides a new scientific perspective for the determination of trace free carbon dioxide concentration in seawater. In addition, Henry’s law constants of carbon dioxide in artificial seawater at 3–20 degrees Celsius are determined with D.B.S/Henry’s Law. These data will be used as an important reference for the determination of free carbon dioxide in seawater in the future. D.B.S/Henry’s Law may be used as a supplement of the methods specified in national and industrial standards, which are applied to the detection of carbon dioxide Henry’s constant and free carbon dioxide content in various temperature and salinity seawater. D.B.S/Henry’s Law provides a new perspective for CO2 determination and has extensive practical application value.
Short-Term Effects of Tunnel Construction on Soil Organic Carbon and Enzyme Activity in Shrublands in Eastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Xiao Yang , Luo Xinrui , Ye Chenyu , Chen Yuzhuo , Xiang Jincheng , Lei Ningfei , Song Ci , Pei Xiangjun , Tang Xiaolu
Published: March 2023

Soil is the largest carbon pool, and our understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been enhanced due to its role in mitigating climate change. However, fundamental uncertainty remains about the quantitative importance of tunnel excavation, one of the most common practices for road construction in mountainous areas, on the SOC dynamics. Therefore, the short-term effects of tunnel construction on SOC and its fraction, soil microbial carbon, and soil enzyme activity within 0–20 cm in two shrublands (dominated by Quercus aquifolioides and mixed with Q. aquifolioides, Rhododendron phaeochrysum and Betula platyphylla, respectively) in Eastern Tibet Plateau were investigated. The results showed that, regardless of vegetation type, SOC, dissolved organic carbon, and easily oxidizable carbon were 27.14 ± 2.87, 6.70 ± 0.74, and 0.29 ± 0.10 g kg−1 for tunnel-affected area of Q. aquifolioides and 47.96 ± 17.89, 11.19 ± 2.92, and 0.24 ± 0.04 g kg−1 for the mixture of Q. aquifolioides, R. phaeochrysum, and B. platyphylla, respectively. The values were not significantly different from those of tunnel unaffected areas (p > 0.05). Similarly, soil enzymes (except cellulase) were not significantly different between tunnel-affected and unaffected areas (p > 0.05), indicating that tunnel construction had a minor impact on the SOC fractions and soil enzymes in the early stage. The unchanged SOC and enzyme activities may be associated with no changes in vegetation production and soil water content in tunnel-affected areas. However, vegetation type had a significant impact on SOC and its fractions and soil enzymes (p < 0.05), demonstrating the importance of vegetation control on the SOC fraction and soil enzymes. This study would be one of the earliest studies to explore the effects of tunnel construction on soil carbon dynamics based on field experiment, which could provide a new concept on environmental sustainability during tunnel construction. However, a long-term study is encouraged to detect the effects of tunnel construction SOC and soil enzymes in the future.
Guest Editors’ Introduction to Special Issue: ‘Foucault, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Corporate Sustainability’
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar , Lundberg Johannes
Published: March 2023

At first glance, Michel Foucault might appear as an unexpected companion for a Special Issue on the themes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate sustainability [...]
Whole Life Carbon Assessment of a Typical UK Residential Building Using Different Embodied Carbon Data Sources
Authors: Keyhani Maryam , Abbaspour Atefeh , Bahadori-Jahromi Ali , Mylona Anastasia , Janbey Alan , Godfrey Paulina , Zhang Hexin
Published: March 2023

The climate crisis in many sectors is driving rapid and substantial changes. Considering the fact that the building sector accounts for 39% of energy related carbon emissions, it is important to take swift actions to reduce these emissions. This study will identify the accuracy and availability of the embodied carbon databases. In this regard, the effect of using different embodied carbon databases on the total emissions during product and end-of-life stages will be compared. The results showed that using the UK Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy database (BEIS) overestimates the embodied carbon emissions. Additionally, using the Environmental product declarations database (EPDs), compared to the Inventory of Carbon and Energy database (ICE), can reduce embodied carbon for some materials up to 100%. The end-of-life calculation showed a huge difference between the two databases. In addition, Whole Life Carbon Assessment (WLC) has been carried out. The findings revealed that 67% of emissions come from operational carbon and embodied carbon is responsible for 33% of emissions. Using LED lights and installing PV panels can reduce the total CO2 emissions by 24.82 tonCO2. In addition, using recycled metal, less carbon intensive concrete, and recyclable aluminium can reduce the total CO2 emissions by 18.57, 2.07, and 2.3 tonCO2e, respectively.
Digital Economy and the Sustainable Development of China’s Manufacturing Industry: From the Perspective of Industry Performance and Green Development
Authors: Ji Kangxian , Liu Xiaoting , Xu Jian
Published: March 2023

Digital transformation is increasingly crucial to the upgrading and sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry with the rapid development of the digital economy. To study the impact of the digital economy on the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry, this study analyzed the theoretical basis of the digital economy’s impact on the promotion of the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry. Then, based on the panel data of manufacturing sectors in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2017, empirical tests and mechanism analysis were conducted by means of the two-way fixed effect model and the mediating effect model. The results were as follows: (1) Digital services can significantly improve the industrial performance of the manufacturing industry, while the effect of digital products is nonsignificant; (2) Mechanism analysis revealed that digital services can promote the industrial performance of the manufacturing industry through the intermediary mechanisms of reducing production costs rather than transaction costs; (3) Digital services can also reduce carbon emissions and promote the green development of the manufacturing industry through the intermediary mechanisms of innovation. In conclusion, digital services can promote the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry. This paper provides evidence for the integration of the manufacturing industry and the digital economy. Furthermore, it has important implications for the formulation of digital economy policies and the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry.
Advances in Sustainable Nanocomposites
Authors: Saharudin Mohd Shahneel , Ilyas R. A. , Awang Nuha , Hasbi Syafawati , Shyha Islam , Inam Fawad
Published: March 2023

Advances in Sustainable Nanocomposites is a newly opened Special Issue of Sustainability, that aims to publish original and review papers on the new scientific development of sustainable nanocomposite materials that are accelerated by zero-carbon policy goals [...]
Stereotypes and Prejudices as (Non) Attractors for Willingness to Revisit Tourist-Spatial Hotspots in Serbia
Authors: Gajić Tamara , Blešić Ivana , Petrović Marko D. , Radovanović Milan M. , Đoković Filip , Demirović Bajrami Dunja , Kovačić Sanja , Jošanov Vrgović Ivana , Tretyakova Tatyana N. , Syromiatnikova Julia A.
Published: March 2023

Despite the fact that the topic of the influence of stereotypes and prejudices on the loyalty and willingness of tourists to visit a destination again is increasingly common in world publications, researchers have yet to examine this relationship. The aim of this research is precisely to assess the influence of stereotypes and prejudices (S&P) in the system of other attractors of tourist visits, on the loyalty and willingness of foreign visitors to revisit Serbia as a tourist destination. It is known that Serbia possesses large natural and anthropogenic resources as a basis for tourism development, but it is also known for numerous prejudices and stereotypes, which can potentially dictate loyalty to the destination and the behavior of tourists. The results obtained by the Path analysis show that stereotypes and prejudices, among 892 randomly selected foreign tourists, have a more significant direct influence on the dimensions of loyalty and revisiting Serbia compared to other factors. Further analysis showed that foreign tourists consider the Serbian people to be arrogant, with expressed nationalism and a preserved traditional social approach, as well as that middle-aged tourists show the highest loyalty and willingness to visit again after evaluating all the aforementioned factors. Limitations of the research were related to a lack of understanding of the language and non-cooperation on the part of the respondents. The results of the research have theoretical and applied importance as information for future research in Serbia and beyond, but also for improving the management strategy of tourism development.
The Effect of Multifactor Interaction on the Quality of Human–Machine Co-Driving Vehicle Take-Over
Authors: Han Yaxi , Wang Tao , Shi Dong , Ye Xiaofei , Yuan Quan
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the effects of non-driving related tasks, take-over request time, and take-over mode interactions on take-over performance in human–machine cooperative driving in a highway environment. Based on the driving simulation platform, a human–machine collaborative driving simulation experiment was designed with various take-over quality influencing factors. The non-driving related tasks included no task, listening to the radio, watching videos, playing games, and listening to the radio and playing games; the take-over request time was set to 6, 5, 4, and 3 s, and the take-over methods include passive and active take-over. Take-over test data were collected from 65 drivers. The results showed that different take-over request times had significant effects on driver take-over performance and vehicle take-over steady state (p < 0.05). Driver reaction time and minimum TTC decreased with decreasing take-over request time, maximum synthetic acceleration increased with decreasing take-over request time, accident rate increased significantly at 3 s take-over request time, and take-over safety was basically ensured at 4 s request time. Different non-driving related tasks have a significant effect on driver take-over performance (p < 0.05). Compared with no task, non-driving related tasks significantly increase driver reaction time, but they only have a small effect on vehicle take-over steady state. Vehicle take-over mode has a significant effect on human–machine cooperative driving take-over quality; compared with passive take-over mode, the take-over quality under active take-over mode is significantly lower.
Blockchain-Driven Image Encryption Process with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Security in Emerging Virtual Environments
Authors: Alohali Manal Abdullah , Aljebreen Mohammed , Al-Mutiri Fuad , Othman Mahmoud , Motwakel Abdelwahed , Alsaid Mohamed Ibrahim , Alneil Amani A. , Osman Azza Elneil
Published: March 2023

The real world is bounded by people, hospitals, industries, buildings, businesses, vehicles, cognitive cities, and billions of devices that offer various services and interact with the world. Recent technologies, including AR, VR, XR, and the digital twin concept, provide advanced solutions to create a new virtual world. Due to the ongoing development of information communication technologies and broadcast channels, data security has become a major concern. Blockchain (BC) technology is an open, decentralized, and transparent distributed database that can be maintained by the group. BC’s major features are high credibility, decentralization, transparency, versatility, autonomy, traceability, anonymity, intelligence, reward mechanisms, and irreversibility. This study presents a blockchain-driven image encryption technique using arithmetic optimization with a fractional-order Lorenz system (BDIE-AOFOLS). The BDIE-AOFOLS technique uses the FOLS method, which integrates the Arnold map, tent map, and fractional Lorenz system. Besides this, an arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) was carried out for the optimum key generation process to achieve the maximum PSNR value. The design of an AOA-based optimal generation of keys for the FOLS technique determines the novelty of the current work. Moreover, the cryptographical pixel values of the images can be stored securely in the BC, guaranteeing image security. We compared the outcomes of the proposed BDIE-AOFOLS technique against benchmark color images. The comparative analysis demonstrated the improved security efficiency of the BDIE-AOFOLS technique over other approaches, with a mean square error of 0.0430 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 61.80 dB.
Kirchhoff Index and Additive Kirchhoff Index Based on Multiplicative Degree for a Random Polyomino Chain
Authors: Li Meilian , Asif Muhammad , Ali Haidar , Mahmood Fizza , Ali Parvez
Published: March 2023

Several topological indices are known to have widespread implications in a variety of research areas. Over the years, the Kirchhoff index has turned out to be an extremely significant and efficient index. In this paper, we propose the exact formulas for the expected values of the random polyomino chain to construct the multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and the additive degree-Kirchhoff index. We also carefully examine the highest degree of the expected values for a random polyomino chain through the multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and additive degree-Kirchhoff index.
On J-Diagrams for the One Groups of Finite Chain Rings
Authors: Alabiad Sami , Alkhamees Yousef
Published: March 2023

Let R be a finite commutative chain ring with invariants p,n,r,k,m. The purpose of this article is to study j-diagrams for the one group H=1+J(R) of R, where J(R)=(π) is Jacobson radical of R. In particular, we prove the existence and uniqueness of j-diagrams for such one group. These j-diagrams help us to solve several problems related to chain rings such as the structure of their unit groups and a group of all symmetries of {πk′}, where k′∣k. The invariants p,n,r,k,m and the Eisenstein polynomial by which R is constructed over its Galois subring determine fully the j-diagram for H.
Applying an Extended β-ϕ-Geraghty Contraction for Solving Coupled Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Hammad Hasanen , Abodayeh Kamaleldin , Shatanawi Wasfi
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new class of mappings called “generalized β-ϕ-Geraghty contraction-type mappings”. We use our new class to formulate and prove some coupled fixed points in the setting of partially ordered metric spaces. Our results generalize and unite several findings known in the literature. We also provide some examples to support and illustrate our theoretical results. Furthermore, we apply our results to discuss the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a coupled ordinary differential equation as an application of our finding.
Optical Channeling of Low Energy Antiprotons in Thin Crystal Targets
Authors: Bianconi Andrea , Costantini Giovanni , Gosta Giulia , Leali Marco , Mascagna Valerio , Migliorati Stefano , Venturelli Luca
Published: March 2023

A relevant aspect of the interactions between charged fermions and crystal targets is coherence, which can exist at both classical and quantum levels. In the case of antiprotons crossing crystal targets, there are theories and measurements of classical-level coherence effects, in particular, channeling effects. For the present study, we assume the existence of a low-energy regime where the electrostatic interactions between an antiproton and the crystal atoms lead to a local loss in the beam flux as their leading effect. We expect this assumption to be well-justified for antiproton (p¯) energies below 100 eV, with a progressive transition to a standard “Rutherford regime” in the energy range 100–1000 eV. Under these conditions, the target can be treated as an optical absorber with a periodical structure, which can be simplified by considering a multi-layer planar structure only. As in standard optics, wave absorption is accompanied by interference and diffraction. Assuming sub-nanometer ranges for the relevant parameters and a realistic angular spread for the antiproton beam, we find narrow-angle focusing effects that reproduce the classical channeling effect at a qualitative level. We also find that diffraction dominates over interference, although this may strongly depend on the target details.
Global Patterns of Trends in Cholera Mortality
Authors: Ilic Irena , Ilic Milena
Published: March 2023

Background: Cholera is a large public health issue, especially in countries with limited resources. The aim of the study was to determine trends in global cholera mortality from 1990–2019. Methods: This research is an observational, descriptive epidemiological study. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, per 100,000 population) of cholera mortality from 1990 to 2019 were evaluated through joinpoint regression analysis (by calculating Odds Ratio—OR, with corresponding 95% Confidence Interval—95% CI). Results: From 1990–2019 in the world, the number of deaths due to cholera in both sexes together increased, ranging from 83,045 in 1990 to 117,167 in 2019. During the observed period, there were about 3.0 million deaths due to cholera in the world. In both sexes together in 2019, the cholera mortality rate was the highest in Nigeria (ARS = 39.19) and Central African Republic (ARS = 38.80), followed by populations in Eritrea (ARS = 17.62) and Botswana (ARS = 13.77). Globally, cholera-related mortality significantly decreased in males (AAPC = −0.4%, 95% CI = −0.7 to −0.1), while a stable trend was noted in females (AAPC = −0.1%, 95% CI = −0.4 to 0.2) in the observed period. In the African Region, significantly increasing cholera-related mortality trends were observed both in males and females (AAPC = 1.3% and AAPC = 1.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Cholera mortality showed a constantly increasing trend in the African Region over the last three decades. More efforts in cholera management are necessary for effective response to the growing mortality in developing countries.
Characteristic Developments of the Water-Conducting Fracture Zones in Weakly Cemented Overlying Strata of Jurassic Coal Mines in Western China
Authors: Zhang Lifei , Zhang Zizhao , Wang Kaikai , Tan Xiaodong , Zhang Tiandong , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2023

The overlying weakly cemented, and poorly performing strata in Jurassic mines of western China have mechanical properties that are generally lower than those in the Carboniferous-Permian coal mines of central and east China. During coal mining, the overlying strata easily deform and fracture. These then formed water-conducting channels, triggering a series of eco-environmental issues, including ground fracturing, collapsed surfaces, declined underground water levels, deserted lands, and even severe water/sand burst accidents. To study the fracture characteristics of weakly cemented overlying strata and the evolution law of water-conducting fractures in Jurassic coal mines in western China, this study selected Tashidian Erjingtian Mine in Korla, Xinjiang, as the research object. Based on the simulation data obtained with physical analog model testing and field monitoring results, the authors investigated the development of water-conducting fractures in the weakly cemented overlying strata during the coal seam mining process. We simultaneously determined the location of key strata in the working face based on key stratum theory. According to the present research results, key strata controlled the development height of water-conducting fractures. When the primary key stratum or sub-key stratum was not fractured, the development of water-conducting fractures was stagnant; water-conducting fractures developed abruptly when the primary key stratum or sub-key stratum was cracked. The heights of water-conducting fractures in the weakly cemented overlying strata of western China exceeded that of similar stopes of central and east China. These research results provided theoretical and technical support for safety in production at Tashidian Coal Mine. In addition, they offered a reference for green and safe production in Jurassic coal mines of western China.
Shallow Groundwater Responses to Rainfall Based on Correlation and Spectral Analyses in the Heilonggang Region, China
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Dai Fenggang , Liu Yang , Wang Yunmeng , Li Hui , Qu Wenjing
Published: March 2023

To clarify the long-term dynamics of groundwater and its response to precipitation in the Heilonggang region, China, variation trends of the monitored groundwater were studied according to the Mann–Kendall statistics. Based on observations from four monitoring wells, the persistence and periodicities of the loose porous aquifers, and the interrelation between precipitation and groundwater levels was examined based on a number of tools including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, spectral analysis, and wavelet transform. The results show that the groundwater levels at W1 and W2 present a downward trend while those at W3 and W4 show an upward trend. The dominant time period increases from 2.1 years (upstream) to 3.7 years (downstream). The time lags between aquifers and rainfall at W1, W2, W3 and W4 are 139.14 ± 59.76 days (2008–2020), 23.27 ± 12.03 days (2005–2014), 145.01 ± 68.00 days (2007–2020), and 59.22 ± 26.14 days (2005–2019), respectively. The lags for the pumping years are 1.2~2.1 times of those during the years without pumping. The recharge ratio overestimated by the water table fluctuation method decreases from 0.32 at W2 to 0.17 at W4, suggesting that the site W2 has a good potentiality for groundwater recharge. This research helps us better understand the local groundwater circulation and provide references for groundwater management.
An Expeditious Campaign of Field Experiments for Preliminary Analysis of the Hydraulic Behavior of Intermittent Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Campisano Alberto , Gullotta Aurora , Modica Carlo
Published: March 2023

The paper describes the results of a field experimental campaign carried out on the intermittent water distribution system (WDS) of a small municipality in southern Italy. In a novel way, as compared to the existing literature, the monitoring campaign covered the whole cycle of operation of the WDSs. In total, 8 days of experiments were carried out between June and August of the year 2019. Simultaneous measurements of water level and outflow from the municipal reservoirs, and nodal pressures were collected in order to analyze the water distribution network (WDN) behavior during the intermittent supply. The collected data give us a proper understanding of the functioning of the WDS during the whole cycle of intermittent supply, also providing the base for future proper network modelling under intermittent operation. In addition, preliminary analysis of inequity in water distribution among users and water leakages throughout the network are derived from the collected data. Finally, limitations of the study as well as potential for future research developments are discussed.
Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Algae Removal Technology and Its Development Status
Authors: Zeng Guoming , Zhang Rui , Liang Dong , Wang Fei , Han Yongguang , Luo Yang , Gao Pei , Wang Quanfeng , Wang Qihui , Yu Chunyi , Jin Libo , Sun Da
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the frequent outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms have caused severe water pollution in many rivers and lakes at home and abroad, endangering drinking water safety and human health. How to remove cyanobacteria from water bodies safely, quickly, and economically has attracted the attention of many scientists. Currently, the typical treatment methods for algae in algae-bearing water bodies are physical, biological, and chemical methods. The physical method of algae removal is for both the symptoms and the root cause, but the workload is extensive, with high input costs, and should not be used on a large scale. The biological method is low-cost, but the removal efficiency is slow and unsuitable for the treatment of sudden water bloom. The chemical method can kill algae quickly, but it is easy to cause secondary pollution. These methods are relatively independent of each other, so the choice of a practical combination of technologies is essential for algal bloom removal and eutrophication management. This paper reviews the current application status and advantages and disadvantages of algae removal technologies at home and abroad; classifies them from physical, chemical, biological, and combined methods; and provides an outlook on the future development direction of algae removal technologies.
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Applied to a New Species Helps Understand the Functioning of the Reproductive Apparatus in Stylet-Bearing Urodasys (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida)
Authors: Cesaretti Agata , Leasi Francesca , Todaro M. Antonio
Published: March 2023

Gastrotrichs are highly diverse and abundant in all aquatic ecosystems; however, they are often overlooked. During a biodiversity survey in Sardinia (Italy), a new species of gastrotrich herein described was discovered. Specimens of Urodasys bifidostylis sp. nov. were found in sandy sediments from two submarine caves. Using an integrative approach of traditional light (DIC) and high-resolution (CLSM) microscopies, we herein reveal, for the first time, the fine structure and function of the reproductive organ in an Urodasys representative. This is particularly relevant considering the complex reproductive organs and strategies of this group. Results allow comparisons between the reproductive apparatus and sperm transfer modalities in Urodasys and the closely related genus Macrodasys. One similarity is that both groups transfer male gametes in packets, suggesting the production of spermatophores to be a common phenomenon in Gastrotricha. Unique to Urodasys is the ability of multiple and consecutive copulations and sperm transfers and, differently than Macrodasys, the transfer of sperms unlikely occurs simultaneously between the two hermaphroditic partners. These findings provide new insights into the reproductive strategies of Urodasys and are expected to advance future studies on the evolution of reproductive strategies and the rise of interspecific reproductive barriers in interstitial meiofauna.
Sound insulation of lightweight wooden floor structures: ANN model and sensitivity analysis.
Authors: Bader Eddin Mohamad , Ménard Sylvain , Bard Delphine , Kouyoumji Jean-Luc , Vardaxis Nikolaos-Georgios
Published: March 2023

The artificial neural networks (ANN) approach is applied to estimate the acoustic performance for airborne and impact sound insulation curves of different lightweight wooden floors. The prediction model is developed based on 252 standardized laboratory measurement curves in one-third
octave bands (50 - 5000 Hz). Physical and geometric characteristics of each floor structure (materials, thickness, density, dimensions, mass, and more) are utilized as network parameters. The predictive capability is satisfactory, and the model can estimate airborne sound better than impact
sound cases especially in the middle frequency range (250 - 1000 Hz), while higher frequency bands often showed high errors. The forecast of the weighted airborne sound reduction index Rw was calculated with a maximum error of 2 dB. However, the error increased up to 5 dB in the worse case
prediction of the weighted normalized impact sound pressure level Ln,w. A feature attribution analysis explored the essential parameters on estimation of sound insulation. The thickness of the insulation materials, the density of CLT material and the concrete floating floors and the total
density of floor structures seem to affect estimations the most. A comparison between wet and dry floor solution systems indicated the importance of the upper part of floors to estimate airborne and impact sound in low frequencies. Keywords: airborne sound, impact sound, insulation, prediction
model, artificial neural networks
Programmable time-serial resonances for broadband spectrum matching
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Wu Keming , Huang Lixi
Published: March 2023

Spatially parallel and cascading acoustic liners are commonly used to treat duct noise. Their performance depends on the spectral match with source characteristics. Such liners rely on subtle geometrical and mechanical designs which are not difficult to adapt to different noise sources
in a passive device. Here, we propose a temporal analogy, which is a shunted electromechanical diaphragm (SEMD) having different resonant frequencies in different time segments, namely, a time-serial resonator. Its sound absorption spectrum can be easily adapted by a program and yet the device
functions passively. The acoustic impedance of the SEMD is determined by the shunt circuit, hence its resonant frequency and absorption peak. A multiple set of branch circuits are used to shunt the diaphragm. A MOSFET, which is a voltage-controlled ultrafast electronic switch, is introduced
to cascade and switch each circuit branch. By activating circuit branches in a pre-defined time sequence, we obtain a series of resonance and the absorption which are effective for specific frequency bands at different time segments. When viewed over a long period, the averaged effective sound
absorption spectrum is broadened and can be easily shaped by the working duty cycle of each circuit branch. Note that the switching voltage changes the circuit states without supplying power to the SEMD. Both numerical results and experimental demonstrations are presented. This study would
open the new era of temporal design of acoustic liners.
A laboratory investigation into the threshold of the oppressive or vibratory feeling to low-frequency pure-tone
Authors: Morinaga Makoto , Yokoshima Shigenori , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Yokoyama Sakae , Makino Koichi , Doi Tetsuya
Published: March 2023

The feeling of oppressive or vibratory due to low-frequency sound is widely known as a sensation inherent to low-frequency sound. Some previous studies showed the frequency characteristics of sound pressure levels that induced an oppressive or vibratory feeling, finding that these feelings
tended to occur prior to others. However, the threshold of the feeling has not been investigated yet. In the present study, we conducted a laboratory experiment and investigated it by the method of adjustment. The participants adjusted the sound pressure level by themselves, at which they
started to feel an oppressive or vibratory sensation. The frequencies of the stimuli were 20 Hz, 40 Hz, 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz. The results showed that the higher the frequency was, the lower the threshold it was, in the range of the frequency of the present experiment. Also, the threshold
is largely different among the participants, and the higher the frequency, the more pronounced it was. In the future, we will examine the validity of the results using a different method from that in the present study.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the narrow-band impact sound insulation of layered floors
Authors: Vastiau Jasper , Van hoorickx Cédric , Reynders Edwin
Published: March 2023

Measurement results of the impact sound insulation of (floating) floors are generally limited to one-third octave bands. As a consequence, detailed information on modal behavior and on the influence of the impact source, are largely lost due to band-integration. To this end, narrow-band
measurements are performed on five different layered floors. Various tapping machine locations are considered and the results are averaged over several receiver positions for each tapping machine location in order to reduce the influence of the spatial distribution of the sound pressure in
the receiver room. A new prediction model for impact sound transmission, termed the modal TMM, or mTMM, is used to interpret and investigate the measurement results. This prediction method includes a detailed source model and accounts for the finite dimensions of the layered floors. The measurement
results of the layered floors clearly indicate the importance of considering all five impact hammer locations of the tapping machine to achieve a high prediction accuracy, especially at low frequencies. The influence of the impact source and the modal behavior of the floor can lead to high
peaks in the radiated sound power level.
A fully-coupled vibro-acoustic model of an electronic stethoscope
Authors: Mukherjee Snehashis , Akkoorath Mana Anoop
Published: March 2023

A piezoelectric based stethoscope picks pressure fluctuations originating from the patient and the physician sides. This may include unwanted acoustic signals from the patient and the doctor sides of the stethoscope, which needs to be filtered either electronically or mechanically by
appropriately designing the vibro-acoustic elements of the electronic stethoscope. This work intends to establish a mathematical model of the piezoelectric stethoscope. Initially, a multi-degrees of freedom vibration model of the electronic stethoscope is developed. The model is used to compute
the response of the piezoelectric plate due to the pressure excitations on the input side and that due to the displacements of the connected mechanical elements in the stethoscope. Further, a two-port lumped parameter model of the piezoelectric composite plate is developed to compute the output
voltage created by the displacement of the piezoceramic disc. Here, an axisymmetric plate vibration model (Kirchhoff's plate theory) is used to find the displacement of the piezoelectric composite plate. Subsequently, the vibration and the lumped parameter piezoelectric models are combined
to represent the vibro-acoustic characteristics of the piezoelectric stethoscope. Further, using the developed fully-coupled vibroacoustic model, the output voltage of the device is studied for different patient and physician side excitations.
Wavenumber spectrum determination for aeroacoustic applications using FISTA
Authors: Raumer Hans-Georg , Spehr Carsten
Published: March 2023

This conference paper deals with computational methods to determine the wavenumber spectrum of acoustic data measured by a phased microphone array. Such problems occur e.g. within the analysis of pressure fluctuations due to a turbulent boundary layer on a surface such as a wind-tunnel
wall or the skin of an aircraft. The problem is closely related to the deconvolution of dirty beamforming maps in wavenumber domain, which seeks to determine the wavenumber spectrum by removing the influence of the shift-invariant point spread function from the beamforming result. Firstly,
we recall how this task can be formulated as a minimization problem and then discuss a specific solver for this problem, provided by the framework of the generalized FISTA algorithm. The resulting method takes advantage of the convolutional structure of the gradient of the data misfit functional
and allows further for a flexible regularization with L1 and L2 penalties as well as a nonnegativity constraint. Finally, the presented algorithmic framework is demonstrated with numerical examples.
Assessment of wind turbine noise in laboratory conditions
Authors: Pleban Dariusz , Szczepanski Grzegorz , Wludarczyk Agnieszka , Alikowski Adrian , Lada Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

The development of wind energy is accompanied by an increase in the number of people whose workplaces and/or places of residence are located near wind farms as well as is accompanied by numerous questions about the influence of wind farms on human. Among the factors related to the operation
of wind farms, wind turbine noise has to be seen as a source of annoyance for both people living and working near wind farms. A test bench to conduct noise annoyance tests of different types of wind turbine noise in laboratory conditions have been developed at the Central Institute for Labour
Protection - National Research Institute. The test bench is based on a multi-channel sound reproducing system using the DANTE network and is compiled in the acoustic test chamber. The test bench consists of 18 speakers (including studio monitors and woofers) and a laboratory source of infrasound.
During exposure to 6 different virtual acoustic environments, representing different wind turbine noise, 40 participants assessed wind turbine noise annoyance. The paper describes the test bench and the results of the studies concerning the assessment of wind turbine noise annoyance.
Resolving clashes between net-zero energy and acoustics engineering specifications, to enhance low-carbon building performance, regulatory compliance and future skills. Laws and standards comparison between Italy and UK
Authors: Scrosati Chiara , Belussi Lorenzo , Danza Ludovico , Scamoni Fabio , Smith Sean , Currie John
Published: March 2023

Under the CNR (Italy) and RSE (Scotland) joint scientific cooperation agreement, the present project deals with the development and enhancing understanding of the technical clashes and engineering solutions required to deliver net-zero outcomes across diverse construction systems both
in new build and retrofit. This paper relates to the comparison between the two research groups about the acoustic and energy standards and low carbon measures in force in the both countries. The sound insulation requirements for residential buildings are mandatory in both Scotland and Italian
building regulations. Sound insulation performance compliance is undertaken via on-site testing after completion of construction works whether new build or conversion/change of use. Importantly the specification for energy efficiency changes (and improvements) to the fabric of buildings often
clash in terms of the material properties and performance functions for sound insulation. Thus, it is critically important for the specification changes in building materials for energy efficiency do not negatively impact noise and vibration sound insulation and vice versa. This can lead to
non-compliance resulting in noise disturbance complaints by building occupants or loss of performance for energy efficiency. The paper characterises some of the regulatory factors, clashes in material outcomes and recommends the importance of multi-factor knowledge and understanding across
building performance measures.
E-Commerce as New Concepts in 4.0 Era
Authors:   Departemen Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Soegoto Eddy Soeryanto , Alfian Faridz ,   Departemen Sistem Informasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

This research aims to develop new concepts in IT-based business as an idea of an online business venture that has been widespread in the world. This research used mix methods. Qualitative explanation based on a literature study. This research can be used as a reference for developing new concepts in IT-based businesses to increase customer interest and convenience. This new concept can be used for online business entrepreneurs in creating and developing a newer IT-based online business or system. This research was based on journal references and subjective assessments as users of online business applications, and especially online shop which shows that online business shop competition continues to compete and develop in providing new features for the convenience of its users. The results of this study are created new ideas that are unique, creative, effective, efficient, providing benefits and ease of use.
Fundamental Analysis on Financing Investment
Authors:   Departemen Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Iffan M , Sirait H ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

This research aims to provide insight into the importance of investing and to find out how conscious millennial generation wants to invest their money in the future. This research uses a qualitative approach with the basic theory method (Grounded Theory). Meta Trader 4 provides many benefits for instruments to invest their money. This application can see how much we lose and how much profit we get, many indicators that we can use, then we can monitor the movement of couples in multi-windows, and this investment application also does not require large capital with a minimum capital of 100 k we have can invest. The results of this study are expected for millennial young people to be able to start managing and investing their finances for things that provide financial benefits that can be directly seen, and can be directly controlled from a smartphone.