bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and postcontrast T1 and T2 mapping of patellar cartilage in young adults with recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Bengtsson Moström Eva , Lammentausta Eveliina , Finnbogason Thröstur , Weidenhielm Lars , Janarv Per‐Mats , Tiderius Carl Johan
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To examine the cartilage quality in young adults with recurrent patellar dislocation in childhood using different magnetic resonance imaging parameters.

Methods

Sixteen young adults with unilateral recurrent patellar dislocation were investigated ≥5 y (mean, 8.5 y) after the first dislocation. Pre‐ and postcontrast T1 and precontrast T2 relaxation times were analyzed in four superficial and four deep patellar cartilage regions of both knees. Two hours after intravenous injection of 0.2 mM/kg Gd‐DTPA2−, postcontrast T1 [T1(Gd)] and ΔR1 [1/T1 (precontrast) − 1/T1 (postcontrast)] were analyzed in the regions. Muscle performance and patient‐reported outcome were evaluated.

Results

When comparing the injured side with the noninjured side, differences were seen in the superficial half but not the deep half of the cartilage. T1(Gd) was shorter in the central part, whereas T2 was shorter in the periphery of the patellar cartilage (P < 0.05). ΔR1 demonstrated similar differences between healthy and diseased cartilage as T1(Gd) alone. The knee function was not correlated to the degenerative changes.

Conclusion

The short T1(Gd) centrally indicates degenerative cartilage changes consistent with loss of glycosaminoglycans. Precontrast and ΔR1 calculations may be excluded in clinical dGEMRIC, which simplifies the procedure. A decrease in T2 may be a very early sign of joint pathology but warrants further investigation. Magn Reson Med 74:1363–1369, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antimicrobial activity of hydrophobic cotton coated with N‐halamine
Authors: Cheng Xiaoli , Li Rong , Du Jinmei , Sheng Junfeng , Ma Kaikai , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi
Published: November 2014

γ‐(β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐5,5‐dimethylhydatoin)‐propyltriethoxysilane, a N‐halamine precursor, was synthesized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3‐glycidyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin. The N‐halamine precursor was tethered to the cotton fabric through ether linkages. The treated fabrics can be rendered excellent antimicrobial activity through a bleaching process. It can inactivate 100% of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 with a contact time of 10 min and 30 min, respectively. Over 30% of the chlorine could be regained after the equivalent of 50 machine washes and rechlorination. The coatings resulted in a significant increase of hydrophobicity of cotton samples. In addition, the wrinkle recovery angle of the treated fabrics increased to some degree. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration of the monolithic interconnection on CIS solar cells by picosecond laser structuring on 30 by 30 cm2 modules
Authors: Heise Gerhard , Börner Andreas , Dickmann Marcel , Englmaier Marina , Heiss Andreas , Kemnitzer Matthias , Konrad Jan , Moser Regina , Palm Jörg , Vogt Helmut , Huber Heinz P.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we present the selective structuring of all three patterns (P1, P2 and P3) of a monolithic interconnection of CIS (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2) thin film solar cells by picosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We show results for single pulse ablation threshold values and line scribing of molybdenum films on glass (P1), CIS on molybdenum (P2) and zinc oxide on CIS (P3). The purposes of these processes are the p‐type isolation (P1), cell interconnect (P2) and n‐type isolation (P3), which are required for complete cell architecture. The half micron thick molybdenum back electrode can be structured with a process speed of more than 15 m/s at about 15 W average power without detectable residues and damage by direct induced laser ablation from the back side (P1). The CIS layer can be structured selectively down to the molybdenum at process speeds up to 1 m/s at about 15 W average power, due to the precision of direct laser ablation in the ultrashort pulse regime (P2). The ZnO front electrode layer is separated by clean trenches with straight side walls at process speeds of up to 15 m/s at about 10 W average power, as a result of indirect induced laser ablation (P3). A validation of functionality of all processes is demonstrated on CIS solar cell modules (30 × 30 cm2). By replacing one state‐of‐the‐art process by a picosecond laser process at a time, solar efficiencies could be increased for P1 and P2 and stayed on a similar level for P3. After an optimization of the patterning processes in the R&D pilot line of AVANCIS, we achieved a new record efficiency for an all‐laser‐patterned CIS solar module: 14.7% as best value for the aperture area efficiency of a 30 × 30 cm2 sized CIS module was reached. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASSESSMENT, PREVENTION, AND INTERVENTION FOR ABUSE AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Wilczynski Susan M. , Connolly Sarah , Dubard Melanie , Henderson Amanda , Mcintosh David
Published: November 2014

Individuals with disabilities are at increased risk for abuse by their parents, caretakers, and the staff who are entrusted with their care as well as from the general population. Many individuals with disabilities have cognitive or communication impairments that place them at even higher risk for abuse. These limitations also make it more difficult for school psychologists and other clinicians to assess abuse history. Further, full participation in traditional prevention or treatment programs may not be feasible without modification. These challenges are the most likely explanation for why such limited research has been conducted in this critical area. The purpose of this article is to familiarize school psychologists with the research that has been conducted regarding the assessment, prevention, and intervention of abuse in the disability population when possible and to extrapolate from the general abuse literature when data regarding individuals with disabilities are not available. We suggest ways for school psychologists who are committed to promoting and maintaining the safety of people with disabilities to take action toward this end. In addition, we provide particular emphasis on individuals with intellectual and comorbid communication impairments because assessing, preventing, and treating abuse with this population is extremely challenging.
Orbital hybridization: a key electronic factor in control of structure and reactivity
Authors: Alabugin Igor V. , Bresch Stefan , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel
Published: November 2014

This review outlines fundamental factors responsible for hybridization trends in organic and main group compounds. Hybridization is a classic chemical concept that transcends textbook organic chemistry. Hybridization effects are omnipresent, and their understanding is essential for the unraveling of many structural and reactivity puzzles. Even when they are masked by a stronger effect (e.g., allylic delocalization), they still lurk below the surface. Overriding such effects comes with a penalty, whereas incorporation into reaction design provides an efficient tool for the control of reactivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample preparation strategies for targeted proteomics via proteotypic peptides in human blood using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dittrich Julia , Becker Susen , Hecht Max , Ceglarek Uta
Published: November 2014

The simultaneous quantification of protein concentrations via proteotypic peptides in human blood by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole MS/MS is an important field of bioanalytical research with a high potential for routine diagnostic applications. This review summarizes currently available sample preparation procedures and trends for absolute protein quantification in blood using LC‐MS/MS. It discusses approaches of transferring established qualitative protocols to a quantitative analysis regarding their reliability and reproducibility. Techniques used to enhance method sensitivity such as the depletion of high‐abundant proteins or the immunoaffinity enrichment of proteins and peptides are described. Furthermore, workflows for (i) protein denaturation, (ii) disulfide bridge reduction and (iii) thiol alkylation as well as (iv) enzymatic digestion for absolute protein quantification are presented. The main focus is on the tryptic digestion as a bottleneck of protein quantification via proteotypic peptides. Conclusively, requirements for a high‐throughput application are discussed.
Challenges and opportunities for cell line secretomes in cancer proteomics
Authors: Méndez Olga , Villanueva Josep
Published: November 2014

Cancer cell lines are the most widely used experimental models in cancer research. Their advantages of easy growth and manipulation are unfortunately paralleled by their limitations derived from long‐term growth in isolation from the rest of the tumor, and hence, lack of tumor microenvironment. We are however currently witnessing novel and transformative advances that are making cell lines more reflective of the human biology and therefore, better experimental models for cancer research. Beyond the experimental model used, the choice of cellular proteome is key in proteomics‐based biomarker discovery. Over the last decade, cell line secretomes have been proposed as an alternative for tumor biomarker discovery due to the difficulties posed by plasma in terms of complexity and low abundance of tumor‐specific biomarkers. Cell line secretomes are enriched with proteins already linked to tumorigenesis, which also have a good chance of being present in biological fluids. In this review, we will provide an overview of the main technical and biological issues related to cell line secretome analysis, and briefly discuss both the challenges and opportunities in its use for tumor biomarker discovery.
The new MWCNTs–rhenium nanocomposite
Authors: Dobrzańska‐Danikiewicz Anna D. , Wolany Weronika , Benke Grzegorz , Rdzawski Zbigniew
Published: November 2014

A new nanocomposite was fabricated during the undertaken research efforts, consisting of carbon nanotubes and rhenium nanoparticles. Its structure was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the structure modification was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to determine the chemical composition of the nanocomposite obtained. Carbon nanotubes with the diameter of 10–20 nm and the length of 10–30 µm, fabricated with the chemical catalytic vapor deposition (CCVD) method, were utilized for the experiment. A fabrication process of the carbon nanocomposite was started with functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by oxidization, and then they were placed in a medium containing rhenium precursors. The mixture was further filtered and placed in a heat‐resistant vessel. Rhenium nanocrystals were deposited permanently on carbon nanotubes as a result of a high‐temperature reduction process in the atmosphere of hydrogen and in the shield of inert gas.
Toward New Polymeric Oxygen Scavenging Systems: Formation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Oxygen Scavenger Film
Authors: Damaj Ziad , Joly Catherine , Guillon Emmanuel
Published: November 2014

Active packaging is a term that refers to the use of package to do more than merely protect the food from the outside environment. Amongst active packaging, oxygen scavengers can prevent oxidative damage to flavour and colour in a wide range of foods. They offer advantages in maintaining quality and extending shelf life. We thus present the use of a cobalt(II) complex with the ligand l‐threonine as a new oxygen scavenger. This complex, in addition to its high reactivity with oxygen after water activation, can be obtained easily in large amounts and does not react with oxygen in solid state. Thus, the incorporation of the Co(II)(l‐Thr)2(OH2)2 natural complex in organic polar polymer (poly(vinyl alcohol)) by casting process was conducted. The reactivity towards oxygen of the obtained films was evaluated by oxidation kinetics monitoring using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry as a function of time and relative humidity. Oxygen consumption of the active film was found equal to the complex alone (2.5 mg of O2 per gramme of complex) after water activation (90.5% relative humidity). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting array manipulation habits to optimize garbage collection and type flow analysis
Authors: Colnet Dominique , Sonntag Benoît
Published: November 2014

A widespread practice to implement a flexible array is to consider the storage area into two parts: the used area, which is already available for read/write operations, and the supply area, which is used in case of enlargement of the array. The main purpose of the supply area is to avoid as much as possible the reallocation of the whole storage area in case of enlargement. As the supply area is not used by the application, the main idea of the paper is to convey the information to the garbage collector, making it possible to avoid completely the marking of the supply area. We also present a simple method to analyze the types of objects, which are stored in an array as well as the possible presence of NULL values within the array. This allows us to better specialize the work of the garbage collector when marking the used area, and also, by transitivity, to improve overall results for type analysis of all expressions of the source code. After introducing several abstract data types, which represent the main arrays concerned by our technique (i.e., zero or variable indexing, circular arrays and hash maps), we measure its impact during the bootstrap of two compilers whose libraries are equipped with these abstract data types. We then measure, on various software products we have not written, the frequency of certain habits of manipulation of arrays, to assess the validity of our approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixture design applied to evaluating the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and alginate on the properties of starch‐based films
Authors: Brandelero Renata Paula Herrera , Yamashita Fabio , Zanela Juliano , Brandelero Evandro M. , Caetano Juliana Gurkevicz
Published: November 2014

Mixtures of starch and other polymers have been used to produce biodegradable materials with low‐cost and enhanced properties. In this study, films containing starch mixed with alginate (ALG) and/or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) were characterized. Films produced using binary starch–alginate mixtures (F3, F5, and F9) had the highest tensile strength (19–28 MPa) and elongation capacity (22–17%). However, films produced using ternary starch–alginate–PVOH mixtures (F8 and F9) exhibited the best water‐barrier efficacy, with lower water‐vapor permeability (WVP) values (5 × 10 and 5.56 × 10−13 g/s/Pa/m1, respectively) than that of the starch films (23.60 × 10−13 g/s/Pa) and diffusion coefficient (Dw) values approximately seven times lower than that of films produced solely with starch. The results of the infrared analyses showed a decrease in the band representing OH stretching in films created using ternary starch–alginate–PVOH mixtures, suggesting interaction between the polymers. The films containing starch mixed with ALG and PVOH showed low monolayer. The results indicated that ternary blends created better physical barriers to the passage of water vapor and diminished the availability of active sites for water binding. The optimal proportions were found to be 80% starch, 11.4% ALG and 8.6% PVOH.
Drawing as a Tool to Promote Emotional Health in theEFLClassroom
Authors: Rajuan Maureen , Gidoni Yasmin
Published: November 2014

Due to frequent exposure of Israeli pupils to political violence, it was meaningful to conduct research on ways to promote the expression of emotions in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom in conflict‐ridden contexts. Drawing, as a tool for emotional health, may serve to reduce general anxiety, as well as foreign language learning anxiety that is specific to theEFLclassroom. This study of 39 fifth graders (15 girls and 24 boys) used anonymous questionnaires, individual interviews, reflections, and peer feedback to investigate the use of drawing as a strategy for pupils to express their feelings. The main findings revealed that drawing assignments aided pupils in calming their emotions, increasing their concentration, and coping with difficulties. Based on the findings, the main recommendation is that drawing assignments be offered regularly to allow pupils to cope with emotional problems in a supportive environment while engaging in English language learning.
Association of the duration of residence with obesity-related eating habits and dietary patterns among Latin-American immigrants in Spain
Authors: Marín-Guerrero A. C. , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Guallar-Castillón P. , López-García Esther , Gutiérrez-Fisac Juan L.
Published: November 2014

The dietary patterns of immigrants usually change with the duration of residence and progressively resemble those of the host country. However, very few studies have investigated individuals migrating to countries with a high-quality diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD), and none has yet focused on Latin-American immigrants. The present study examined the association of the duration of residence with obesity-related eating habits and dietary patterns among Latin-American immigrants residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008–10 in a representative sample of the adult population residing in Spain. Adherence to the MD was defined as a MD Adherence Screener score ≥ 9. Analyses were conducted by including 419 individuals aged 18–64 years born in Latin-American countries. Compared with immigrants residing in Spain for < 5 years, those residing for ≥ 10 years accounted for a lower percentage of individuals who habitually ate at fast-food restaurants and never trimmed visible fat from meat. Moreover, these immigrants were found to have a lower intake of sugary beverages and a higher intake of Na, saturated fat, fibre, olive oil, vegetables and fish and to more frequently strictly adhere to the MD. A longer duration of residence in Spain was found to be associated with both healthy and unhealthy changes in some eating habits and dietary patterns among Latin-American immigrants. Some of the healthy changes observed contrasted the ‘Westernisation’ of the diet reported in studies conducted in other Western countries. The results of the present study support the role of the food environment of the host country in the modification of the dietary patterns of immigrants.
Clinical efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of subjective tinnitus: a systematic review
Authors: Grewal R , Spielmann P M , Jones S E M , Hussain S S M
Published: November 2014

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of two frequently employed interventions for the management of tinnitus: tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy.

Method:

A systematic review of literature published up to and including February 2013 was performed. Only randomised control trials and studies involving only human participants were included.

Results:

Nine high-quality studies evaluating the efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy were identified. Of these, eight assessed cognitive behavioural therapy relative to a no-treatment control and one compared tinnitus retraining therapy to tinnitus masking therapy. Each study used a variety of standardised and validated questionnaires. Outcome measures were heterogeneous, but both therapies resulted in significant improvements in quality of life scores. Depression scores improved with cognitive behavioural therapy.

Conclusion:

Both cognitive behavioural therapy and tinnitus retraining therapy are effective for tinnitus, with neither therapy being demonstrably superior. Further research using standardised, validated questionnaires is needed so that objective comparisons can be made.
Distribution and abundance of benthic macroorganisms in and around Visakhapatnam Harbour on the east coast of India
Authors: Musale Amar S. , Desai Dattesh V. , Sawant S. S. , Venkat K. , Anil A. C.
Published: November 2014

Benthic communities form an important component of the marine food chain. Their occurrence also provides information on the health of the ecosystem. A study was carried out to understand the distribution and abundance of macrobenthos along with sediment characteristics and physicochemical parameters in Visakhapatnam Harbour, a major port along the east coast of India. In all 84 macrobenthic taxa were reported from the port area of which 60 were polychaetes and 24 were other invertebrate taxa. Our observations revealed an increase in the number of polychaete species observed over the last 20 years from this region. An earlier study reported 38 polychaete species in 1975 and a year later the number of polychaete species reported was 12, indicating an increase in the number of polychaete species in the present study by about 150%. The macrobenthic abundance and dominance of species varied with the seasons. Pre-monsoon was dominated by Cirratulus sp., during monsoon tanaids were dominant indicating a seasonal shift in the occurrence and dominance of macrobenthos. During post-monsoon, Cossura coasta was dominant followed by Nephtys dibranchis and amphipods. Sediment characteristics (sand, silt and clay), organic carbon and dissolved oxygen were the important factors influencing the abundance and species diversity. The abundance of macrobenthic forms also varied with inner and outer harbour region. Higher species diversity was observed in the outer harbour suggesting the outer harbour has semi-polluted conditions such as higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and salinity, low nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and silicate) and low organic carbon in the sediment.
Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different?
Authors: Bromberger J. T. , Schott L. , Kravitz H. M. , Joffe H.
Published: November 2014

Background

Women's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups.

Method

Four hundred and forty-three women, aged 42–52 years, enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Pittsburgh and participated in the Mental Health Study. Psychiatric interviews obtained information on lifetime psychiatric disorders at baseline and on occurrences of MDD episodes annually. Psychosocial and health-related data were collected annually. Cox multivariable analyses were conducted separately for women with and without a MDD history at baseline.

Results

Women without lifetime MDD at baseline had a lower risk of developing MDD during midlife than those with a prior MDD history (28%v.59%) and their risk profiles differed. Health conditions prior to baseline and during follow-ups perception of functioning (ps < 0.05) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) (p= 0.08) were risk factors for first lifetime-onset MDD. Being peri- and post-menopausal, psychological symptoms and a prior anxiety disorder were predominant risk factors for MDD recurrence.

Conclusions

The menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife.
Guiding and amplification of microwave radiation in a plasma channel created in gas by intense ultraviolet laser pulse
Authors: Bogatskaya A. V. , Smetanin I. V. , Volkova E. A. , Popov A. M.
Published: November 2014

The evolution of non-equilibrium plasma channel created in xenon by powerful KrF-femtosecond laser pulse is studied. It is demonstrated that such a plasma channel can be used as a waveguide for both transportation and amplification of the microwave radiation. The specific features of such a plasma waveguide are studied on the basis of the self-consistent solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function in different spatial points of the gas media and the wave equation in slow-varying amplitude approximation for the microwave radiation guided and amplified in the channel.
Critical itineraries of maps with constant slope and one discontinuity
Authors: BARNSLEY MICHAEL , STEINER WOLFGANG , VINCE ANDREW
Published: November 2014

For a function from the unit interval to itself with constant slope and one discontinuity, the itineraries of the point of discontinuity are called the critical itineraries. These critical itineraries play a significant role in the study of β-expansions (with positive or negative β) and fractal transformations. A combinatorial characterization of the critical itineraries of such functions is provided.
Compositional methods for information-hiding
Authors: CHATZIKOKOLAKIS KONSTANTINOS , PALAMIDESSI CATUSCIA , BRAUN CHRISTELLE
Published: November 2014

Systems concerned with information hiding often use randomization to obfuscate the link between the observables and the information to be protected. The degree of protection provided by a system can be expressed in terms of the probability of error associated with the inference of the secret information. We consider a probabilistic process calculus to specify such systems, and we study how the operators affect the probability of error. In particular, we characterize constructs that have the property of not decreasing the degree of protection, and that can therefore be considered safe in the modular construction of these systems. As a case study, we apply these techniques to the dining cryptographers, and we derive a generalization of Chaum's strong anonymity result.
Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery: a report of two cases that presented different clinical courses
Authors: Higeno Ryota , Inamura Noboru , Kayatani Futoshi
Published: November 2014

We recently diagnosed two cases of isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery just after birth. Through the therapy, we could not prevent obstruction of the pulmonary artery and lead to complications. There have been no symptoms attributed to isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery so far. We should carefully consider the strategy for therapeutic intervention for asymptomatic cases.
LOCAL INTERDEFINABILITY OF WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Jones Gareth , Kirby Jonathan , Servi Tamara
Published: November 2014

We explain which Weierstrass ${\wp}$-functions are locally definable from other ${\wp}$-functions and exponentiation in the context of o-minimal structures. The proofs make use of the predimension method from model theory to exploit functional transcendence theorems in a systematic way.
Integration of ploidy level, secondary metabolite profile and morphological traits analyses to define a breeding strategy for trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax)
Authors: Adaramola T. F. , Sonibare M. A. , Sartie A. , Lopez-Montes A. , Franco J. , Albach D. C.
Published: November 2014

The literature in recent times lacks adequate report on the utilization and genetic improvement programmes on Dioscorea dumetorum. Despite the wide application of this yam species in agriculture and medicine, it suffers neglect while other species are becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, it is pertinent to focus on research that will bring this species to the limelight. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ploidy levels, morphological traits and secondary metabolite profile of 53 accessions of D. dumetorum from six countries in West and Central Africa. Ploidy levels were determined using flow cytometry. Overall, 18 morphological traits were recorded from the above- and underground parts of the plant. The 53 accessions were subjected to statistical analyses using the data on ploidy levels, morphological traits and qualitative phytochemical screening. A total of 15 accessions from the generated clusters were selected for thin layer chromatographic and quantitative phytochemical analyses. The analyses revealed diploid (2x) and triploid (3x) levels in these accessions. The pruned dendrogram derived from agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on the distance matrix revealed three main groups, showing a relationship between sex and ploidy level in the accessions and exhibiting sufficient cluster variability that may be important in designing breeding programmes. The crop was also shown to possess metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids, which are known to be useful in the application of phytomedicine. Genetic variability observed among the yam accessions in this study can be used for breeding purposes and to broaden the genetic basis of the crop for efficient utilization of the genetic potential possessed by this species.
What wins public support? Communicating or obfuscating welfare state retrenchment
Authors: Elmelund-Præstekær Christian , Klitgaard Michael Baggesen , Schumacher Gijs
Published: November 2014

Conventional wisdom holds that in order to evade electoral punishment governments obfuscate welfare state retrenchment. However, governments do not uniformly lose votes in elections after they cut back on welfare benefits or services. Recent evidence indicates that some of these unpopular reforms are in fact vote-winners for the government. Our study of eight Danish labor marked related reforms uses insights from experimental framing studies to evaluate the impact of welfare state retrenchment on government popularity. We hypothesize that communicating retrenchment is a better strategy than obfuscating retrenchment measures. In addition, we hypothesize that the opposition’s choice between arguing against the retrenchment measure, or staying silent on the issue, affects the government’s popularity. Thus, the study presents a novel theoretical model of the popularity effects of welfare state retrenchment. In order to evaluate our propositions, we move beyond the standard measure in the literature and use monthly opinion polls to reduce the number of other factors that might affect government popularity. We demonstrate that governments can evade popular punishment by communication. They can even gain popularity if the opposition chooses not to attack. On the other hand, government popularity declines if the government obfuscates – and the decline is even larger if the opposition chooses to attack.
Context Variations and Pluri-methodological Issues concerning the Expression of a Social Representation: the Example of the Gypsy Community
Authors: Piermattéo Anthony , Lo Monaco Grégory , Moreau Laure , Girandola Fabien , Tavani Jean-Louis
Published: November 2014

Within the social representations’ field of research, the “mute zone” hypothesis considers that some objects are characterized by counternormative content that people usually do not express in standard conditions of production. Within the framework of this approach, this study aims to explore the variations in the expression about the Gypsy community following the manipulation of different contexts and the issues associated with a pluri-methodological approach of data analysis. Indeed, two methodologies have been combined. The participants were asked to express themselves in public or in private. In addition, the identity of the experimenter was also manipulated as she presented herself as a Gypsy or not. Then, through a set of analyses based on a methodological triangulation approach, we were able to observe a recurrent modulation of the participants’ answers. These analyses highlighted a greater incidence of the expression of counternormative elements when the context of expression was private and especially when the experimenter did not present herself as a Gypsy (p< .01, ηp² = .06). These results will be discussed in terms of the contribution of the methodologies employed and their comparison within the framework of the study of counternormative content.
Pathological roles of the VEGF/SphK pathway in Niemann–Pick type C neurons
Authors: Lee Hyun , Lee Jong Kil , Park Min Hee , Hong Yu Ri , Marti Hugo H. , Kim Hyongbum , Okada Yohei , Otsu Makoto , Seo Eul-Ju , Park Jae-Hyung , Bae Jae-Hoon , Okino Nozomu , He Xingxuan , Schuchman Edward H. , Bae Jae-sung , Jin Hee Kyung
Published: November 2014

Sphingosine is a major storage compound in Niemann–Pick type C disease (NP–C), although the pathological role(s) of this accumulation have not been fully characterized. Here we found that sphingosine kinase (SphK) activity is reduced in NP–C patient fibroblasts and NP–C mouse Purkinje neurons (PNs) due to defective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Sphingosine accumulation due to inactivation of VEGF/SphK pathway led to PNs loss via inhibition of autophagosome–lysosome fusion in NP–C mice. VEGF activates SphK by binding to VEGFR2, resulting in decreased sphingosine storage as well as improved PNs survival and clinical outcomes in NP–C cells and mice. We also show that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human NP–C neurons are generated and the abnormalities caused by VEGF/SphK inactivity in these cells are corrected by replenishment of VEGF. Overall, these results reveal a pathogenic mechanism in NP–C neurons where defective SphK activity is due to impaired VEGF levels.
Experimental demonstration of spinor slow light
Authors: Lee Meng-Jung , Ruseckas Julius , Lee Chin-Yuan , Kudriašov Viačeslav , Chang Kao-Fang , Cho Hung-Wen , Juzeliānas Gediminas , Yu Ite A.
Published: November 2014

Slow light based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency is of great interest due to its applications in low-light-level nonlinear optics and quantum information manipulation. The previous experiments all dealt with the single-component slow light. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of two-component or spinor slow light using a double-tripod atom–light coupling scheme. The scheme involves three atomic ground states coupled to two excited states by six light fields. The oscillation due to the interaction between the two components was observed. On the basis of the stored light, our data showed that the double-tripod scheme behaves like the two outcomes of an interferometer enabling precision measurements of frequency detuning. We experimentally demonstrated a possible application of the double-tripod scheme as quantum memory/rotator for the two-colour qubit. Our study also suggests that the spinor slow light is a better method than a widely used scheme in the nonlinear frequency conversion.
Simplified data access on human skeletal muscle transcriptome responses to differentiated exercise
Authors: Vissing Kristian , Schjerling Peter
Published: November 2014

Few studies have investigated exercise-induced global gene expression responses in human skeletal muscle and these have typically focused at one specific mode of exercise and not implemented non-exercise control models. However, interpretation on effects of differentiated exercise necessitate direct comparison between essentially different modes of exercise and the ability to identify true exercise effect, necessitate implementation of independent non-exercise control subjects. Furthermore, muscle transcriptome data made available through previous exercise studies can be difficult to extract and interpret by individuals that are inexperienced with bioinformatics procedures. In a comparative study, we therefore; (1) investigated the human skeletal muscle transcriptome responses to differentiated exercise and non-exercise control intervention, and; (2) set out to develop a straightforward search tool to allow for easy access and interpretation of our data. We provide a simple-to-use spread sheet containing transcriptome data allowing other investigators to easily see how mRNA of their gene(s) of interest behave in skeletal muscle following exercise, both endurance, resistance and non-exercise, to better aid hypothesis-driven question in this field of research.
Multi-channel EEG recordings during 3,936 grasp and lift trials with varying weight and friction
Authors: Luciw Matthew D , Jarocka Ewa , Edin Benoni B
Published: November 2014

WAY-EEG-GAL is a dataset designed to allow critical tests of techniques to decode sensation, intention, and action from scalp EEG recordings in humans who perform a grasp-and-lift task. Twelve participants performed lifting series in which the object’s weight (165, 330, or 660 g), surface friction (sandpaper, suede, or silk surface), or both, were changed unpredictably between trials, thus enforcing changes in fingertip force coordination. In each of a total of 3,936 trials, the participant was cued to reach for the object, grasp it with the thumb and index finger, lift it and hold it for a couple of seconds, put it back on the support surface, release it, and, lastly, to return the hand to a designated rest position. We recorded EEG (32 channels), EMG (five arm and hand muscles), the 3D position of both the hand and object, and force/torque at both contact plates. For each trial we provide 16 event times (e.g., ‘object lift-off’) and 18 measures that characterize the behaviour (e.g., ‘peak grip force’).
Late-onset spastic ataxia phenotype in a patient with a homozygous DDHD2 mutation
Authors: Doi Hiroshi , Ushiyama Masao , Baba Takashi , Tani Katsuko , Shiina Masaaki , Ogata Kazuhiro , Miyatake Satoko , Fukuda-Yuzawa Yoko , Tsuji Shoji , Nakashima Mitsuko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Miyake Noriko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Ikeda Shu-ichi , Tanaka Fumiaki , Matsumoto Naomichi , Yoshida Kunihiro
Published: November 2014

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias and autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias (ARHSPs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders. Herein we describe Japanese siblings with a midlife-onset, slowly progressive type of cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraplegia, without intellectual disability. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense mutation in DDHD2, whose mutations were recently identified as the cause of early-onset ARHSP with intellectual disability. Brain MRI of the patient showed a thin corpus callosum. Cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed an abnormal lipid peak in the basal ganglia, which has been reported as the hallmark of DDHD2-related ARHSP (SPG 54). The mutation caused a marked reduction of phospholipase A1 activity, supporting that this mutation is the cause of SPG54. Our cases indicate that the possibility of SPG54 should also be considered when patients show a combination of adult-onset spastic ataxia and a thin corpus callosum. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of patients with spastic ataxia phenotype.
Modulation of specificity protein 1 by mithramycin A as a novel therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer
Authors: Choi Eun-Sun , Nam Jeong-Seok , Jung Ji-Youn , Cho Nam-Pyo , Cho Sung-Dae
Published: November 2014

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of death among women. However, the standard treatment for cervical cancer includes cisplatin, which can cause side effects such as hematological damage or renal toxicity. New innovations in cervical cancer treatment focus on developing more effective and better-tolerated therapies such as Sp1-targeting drugs. Previous studies suggested that mithramycin A (Mith) inhibits the growth of various cancers by decreasing Sp1 protein. However, how Sp1 protein is decreased by Mith is not clear. Few studies have investigated the regulation of Sp1 protein by proteasome-dependent degradation as a possible control mechanism for the regulation of Sp1 in cancer cells. Here, we show that Mith decreased Sp1 protein by inducing proteasome-dependent degradation, thereby suppressing cervical cancer growth through a DR5/caspase-8/Bid signaling pathway. We found that prolonged Mith treatment was well tolerated after systemic administration to mice carrying cervical cancer cells. Reduction of body weight was minimal, indicating that Mith was a good therapeutic candidate for treatment of cancers in which Sp1 is involved in promoting and developing disease.
High-temperature continuous-wave laser realized in hollow microcavities
Authors: Shi Zhifeng , Zhang Yuantao , Cui Xijun , Zhuang Shiwei , Wu Bin , Dong Xin , Zhang Baolin , Du Guotong
Published: November 2014

Recently, an urgent requirement of ultraviolet (UV) semiconductor laser with lower cost and higher performance has motivated our intensive research in zinc oxide (ZnO) material owing to its wide direct band gap and large exciton binding energy. Here, we demonstrate for the first time continuous-wave laser in electrically-pumped hollow polygonal microcavities based on epitaxial ZnO/MgO-core/shell nanowall networks structures and whispering gallery type resonant modes are responsible for the lasing action. The laser diodes exhibit an ultralow threshold current density (0.27 A/cm2), two or three orders of magnitude smaller than other reported UV-light semiconductor laser diodes to our knowledge. More importantly, the continuous-current-driven diode can achieve lasing up to ~430 K, showing a good temperature tolerance. This study indicates that nano-size injection lasers can be made from epitaxial semiconductor microcavities, which is a considerable advance towards the realization of practical UV coherent light sources, facilitating the existing applications and suggesting new potentials.
The development of “fab-chips” as low-cost, sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for analytical applications
Authors: Robinson Ashley M. , Zhao Lili , Shah Alam Marwa Y. , Bhandari Paridhi , Harroun Scott G. , Dendukuri Dhananjaya , Blackburn Jonathan , Brosseau Christa L.
Published: November 2014

Modification of metal-coated zari fabric chips with silver nanoparticles results in sensitive, affordable SERS substrates which are useful for a wide range of chemical sensing applications.
Electroanalytical determination of the linuron herbicide using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode: comparison with a boron-doped diamond electrode modified with platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Figueiredo-Filho Luiz C. S. , Sartori Elen R. , Fatibello-Filho O.
Published: November 2014

The determination of linuron using differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) and a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode is proposed.
A new spectrofluorometric method for pyrophosphate assay based on the fluorescence enhancement of trypsin-stabilized copper clusters
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhan Lei , Du Yu Qing , Leng Fei , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2014

A new method for pyrophosphate detection in aqueous solution has been developed based on the fluorescence enhancement of trypsin-stabilized CuNCs.
Analytical validation of a Biochip prototype for integrated analysis of AFP-IgM and SCCA-IgM serum biomarkers in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Crescenzi Marika , Tessari Alberto , Biasiolo Alessandra , Padoan Andrea , Gallotta Andrea , Fassina Giorgio , Panciatichi Cristina , Rossetto Oriana , Pontisso Patrizia , Basso Daniela , Plebani Mario
Published: November 2014

Analytical reliability of a novel Biochip for chemiluminescent detection of AFP-IgM and SCCA-IgM.
Development and validation of a quantitative method for determination of retigabine and its N-acetyl metabolite; overcoming challenges associated with circulating labile N-glucuronide metabolites
Authors: Perez Hermes Licea , Boram Sharon L. , Evans Christopher A.
Published: November 2014

Retigabine or ezogabine is an anticonvulsant approved for use in adjunctive treatment of partial epilepsy in adults.
Gallium complexes with α-diimine and phenazine in various reduced states
Authors: Zhao Yanxia , Liu Yanyan , Wang Zeyi , Xu Wenhua , Liu Bin , Su Ji-Hu , Wu Biao , Yang Xiao-Juan
Published: November 2014

Reaction of “digallane” with phenazine (Phz) leads to gallium complexes containing Phz and an α-diimine ligand in different reduced forms.
A self-assembly induced emission system constructed by the host–guest interaction of AIE-active building blocks
Authors: Bai Wei , Wang Zhaoyang , Tong Jiaqi , Mei Ju , Qin Anjun , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2014

Benzylamine (guest) and dibenzo[24]crown-8 (host) modified tetraphenylethenes (AIE-gens) are prepared and used to construct supramolecular polymers exhibiting the merits of reversible assembling–disassembling and tunable aggregation-induced emission by acid–base treatments.
Plasmonic metal scattering immunoassay by total internal reflection scattering microscopy with nanoscale lateral resolution
Authors: Lee Seungah , Yu Hyunung , Kang Seong Ho
Published: November 2014

The total internal reflection scattering system incorporating az-nanopositioner is introduced to explore the precise immunoassay on gold-nanopattemed chips by lateral resolution improvement.
Hierarchical supramolecules and organization using boronic acid building blocks
Authors: Kubo Yuji , Nishiyabu Ryuhei , James Tony D.
Published: November 2014

Current progress on hierarchical supramolecules using boronic acids has been highlighted in this feature article. The feasibility of the structure-directing ability is fully discussed from the standpoint of the generation of new smart materials.
An enzyme-free and amplified colorimetric detection strategy via target–aptamer binding triggered catalyzed hairpin assembly
Authors: Quan Ke , Huang Jin , Yang Xiaohai , Yang Yanjing , Ying Le , Wang He , He Yong , Wang Kemin
Published: November 2014

Here we introduce an enzyme-free and colorimetric detection strategy for adenosine. The approach is based on that the adenosine triggers catalyzed hairpin assembly, which induces gold nanoparticles aggregation via crosslinking.
Phosphorescent organoplatinum(ii) complexes with a lipophilic anion: supramolecular soft nanomaterials through ionic self-assembly and metallophilicity
Authors: Chen Yong , Che Chi-Ming , Lu Wei
Published: November 2014

In the ionic self-assembly of organoplatinum(ii) complexes, the lipophilic anion dictates the polymer-like processability and the cation decides the light-emitting capability.
One-step synthesis of patterned polymer brushes by photocatalytic microcontact printing
Authors: Kettling Friederike , Vonhören Benjamin , Krings Jennifer A. , Saito Susumu , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: November 2014

A novel method to prepare microstructured polymer brushes using TiO2 nanoparticles and photocatalytic microcontact printing is described.
Chemical controls on uranyl citrate speciation and the self-assembly of nanoscale macrocycles and sandwich complexes in aqueous solutions
Authors: Basile M. , Unruh D. K. , Gojdas K. , Flores E. , Streicher L. , Forbes T. Z.
Published: November 2014

Speciation and molecular self-assembly of uranyl citrate complexes have been determined based upon structural characterization and spectroscopic studies.
Rational design of sulphur host materials for Li–S batteries: correlating lithium polysulphide adsorptivity and self-discharge capacity loss
Authors: Hart Connor J. , Cuisinier Marine , Liang Xiao , Kundu Dipan , Garsuch Arnd , Nazar Linda F.
Published: November 2014

Diagnostic method for screening sulphur host candidate materials developed: predicts long-term cyclability and extent of self-discharge.
Easy and quantitative access to Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) di(aryl)alkynylphosphine oxides featuring [Fe(dppe)Cp*] endgroups: terminal PO functionality blocks the dimerisation of the Fe(iii) derivatives
Authors: Tohmé Ayham , Hagen Charles T. , Essafi (née Labouille) Stéphanie , Bondon Arnaud , Roisnel Thierry , Carmichael Duncan , Paul Frédéric
Published: November 2014

Preventing the oxidatively-induced dimerization of Fe(iii) metalloalkynyl phosphines can be achieved by sequestering the phosphorus lone pair.