bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Active Learning Strategies Linked to CBPR Principles in a Semester-Long Class Project to Teach Qualitative Research Methods in Public Health
Authors: Reinschmidt Kerstin M. , Maez Paula , Iuliano Joseph E. , Nigon Brittany M.
Published: March 2018

The use of active learning strategies to engage students in public health education has shown to be effective in promoting meaningful learning experiences. These educational approaches include inquiry- or problem-based, and group-based learning that allow for deeper understanding and internalization of the content material. This type of active learning can extend into the community by applying community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. Using CBPR can engage both the community and the students on a project, thus benefiting all parties involved. This article describes the components of a class project that linked the active learning strategies of inquiry and group-based learning to CBPR principles as an innovative teaching approach in public health. The design and implementation of the class project is conceptualized in four activity types: (1) engaging the community, (2) working with students, (3) conducting behind the scenes work, and (4) bringing the students and the community together. The project demonstrates the benefits of using CBPR principles in conjunction with active learning principles. It also provides recommendations to public health instructors in higher education, which include the requirements of instructors’ established relationship with the community, commitment to project coordination, flexibility regarding project implementation and class time, and university support for sustaining innovative teaching efforts.
Exploring tarnished daguerreotypes with synchrotron light: XRF and μ-XANES analysis
Authors: Kozachuk M. S. , Sham T. K. , Martin R. R. , Nelson A. J. , Coulthard I.
Published: March 2018

We report on the elemental and chemical characterization of tarnish on a historic daguerreotype plate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy reveal the presence of C, O, Na, K, P, Cl, Hg, Ag, Cu, S and Au. Synchrotron based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, together with two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, provide information beyond the elemental distribution and speciation of the daguerreian tarnish features, revealing the presence of NaCl, KCl, HgCl2, HgSO4, CuS, and Ag2S on the surface. Through the application of synchrotron XRF, the distributions of Ag and S were found to be inversely correlated. This suggests a preferential accumulation of S within high-density particle regions. Spectroscopic investigation at different regions within the XRF image showed that blemish regions contained degradation products such as NaCl and KCl with AgCl noted in the surrounding regions. The observation of Cu on the surface, in the form of CuS, may either be a result of Cu diffusing through grain boundaries and/or holes in the Ag, or from the accretion of Cu salts, such as basic sodium copper carbonate, from the deterioration of the above cover glass. Silver halides (AgCl, AgBr and AgI) were also detected with XANES. This may be the result of either environmental conditions or from residual products from the production process of the plate. These results point to the interaction between deterioration products from the cover glass with the daguerreotype surface as one, but not the only, source of the tarnish.
Microspectrofluorimetry and chemometrics for the identification of medieval lake pigments
Authors: Nabais Paula , Melo Maria J. , Lopes João A. , Vitorino Tatiana , Neves Artur , Castro Rita
Published: March 2018

Microspectrofluorimetry offers high sensitivity, selectivity, fast data acquisition, good spatial resolution (down to 2 μm), and the possibility of in-depth profiling. It has proved to be a powerful analytical tool in identifying dyes and lake pigments in works of art. To maximize the extraction of the information present in fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, we propose a chemometric approach to discriminate dark reds to pink colours based on brazilwood, cochineal, kermes and lac dye. These range of hues was obtained using a diverse range of medieval recipes for brazilwood, kermes and lac colourants and Winsor and Newton archive for cochineal lake pigments; the lake pigments were analyzed as colour paints (arabic-gum and glair were the medieval binders selected). Unsupervised (HCA & PCA) and supervised (SIMCA) modelling were tested, allowing to explore similarities between colourants and classify the spectral data into the different lake pigments classes. It was possible to separate the four different chromophores based on their excitation spectra or bringing together the emission and excitation spectra. The first method could also differentiate between the cochineal lake pigments, in particular between crimson lakes with different aluminates and an extender (gypsum) and between carmines with different complexing ions (aluminum and calcium).
The sunk-panel book-binding of a Renaissance Venetian Commissione Dogale: the scientific examination of the decoration materials
Authors: Rampazzo Miriam , Di Foggia Michele
Published: March 2018

The research aims to investigate the nature of the materials used in the decoration of the cover of a sunk-panel Commissione Dogale, a Venetian manuscript of 1582. The analysed volume Ms. It. VII, 1869 (= 8134) belongs to the collections of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice. The Commissioni were intended as official documents written on parchment and issued by the Doge of Venice. Their bindings were very rich in decoration, especially those produced in the late 16th century. This manuscript is a sumptuous example of the Venetian Renaissance artisanship influenced by Middle Eastern style: its cover was made of gilded leather, painted with arabesque branches and buds and lastly lacquered. The scientific examination of the lavishly illuminated cover was performed before the book-binding conservation treatment, as the characterisation of the decoration materials allowed to plan an appropriate conservation project. The research first step has been the non-invasive observation of the cover surface by digital microscope through UV–VIS radiations. Then, the study of the composition of these materials has been carried out with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRF spectroscopy and spot-test analyses on samples. Pigments like minium, green earth, a lead-based yellow and smalt have been detected in the painted layer, while a precise identification of the resins and varnishes layered on top of the decoration was not possible because of the heterogeneity of samples. Furthermore, the materials used for this cover can be usefully compared with those detected by other recent analyses carried out on a variety of 16th century Venetian book illuminations.
18F-FDOPA PET/CT Imaging of MAX-Related Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Taïeb David , Jha Abhishek , Guerin Carole , Pang Ying , Adams Karen T , Chen Clara C , Romanet Pauline , Roche Philippe , Essamet Wassim , Ling Alexander , Quezado Martha M , Castinetti Frédéric , Sebag Fréderic , Pacak Karel
Published: March 2018

Context

MYC-associated factor X (MAX) has been recently described as a new susceptibility pheochromocytoma (PHEO) gene with a total of ~40 reported cases. At present, no study has specifically described the functional imaging phenotype of MAX-related PHEO.

Objective, Patients, and Design

The objective of the present study was to present our experience with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in six consecutive patients (four at the initial diagnosis and two at the follow-up evaluation) with rare, but clinically important, MAX-related PHEOs. In five patients, 18F-FDOPA was also compared with other radiopharmaceutical agents.

Results

The patients had five different mutations in the MAX gene that caused disruption of Max/Myc interaction and/or abolished interaction with DNA based on in silico analyses. All but one patient developed bilateral PHEOs during their lifetime. In all cases, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT accurately visualized PHEOs that were often multiple within the same gland or bilaterally and detected more adrenal and extra-adrenal lesions than did CT (per-lesion sensitivity, 90.9% vs 52.4% for CT/magnetic resonance imaging). The two PHEOs missed on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT were <1 cm, corresponding to nodular adrenomedullary hyperplasia. 68Ga-DOTA,Tyr3-octreotate PET/CT detected fewer lesions than did 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in one of three patients, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT was only faintly positive in two of four patients with underestimation of extra-adrenal lesions in one patient.

Conclusions

MAX-related PHEOs exhibit a marked 18F-FDOPA uptake, a finding that illustrates the common well-differentiated chromaffin pattern of PHEOs associated with activation of kinase signaling pathways. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT should be considered as the first-line functional imaging modality for diagnostic or follow-up evaluations for these patients.
Rab7 knockout unveils regulated autolysosome maturation induced by glutamine starvation
Authors: Kuchitsu Yoshihiko , Homma Yuta , Fujita Naonobu , Fukuda Mitsunori
Published: March 2018

Macroautophagy (simply called autophagy hereafter) is an intracellular degradation mechanism that is activated by nutrient starvation. Although it is well known that starvation induces autophagosome formation in an mTORC1-dependent manner, whether starvation also regulates autophagosome or autolysosome maturation was unclear. In the present study, we succeeded in demonstrating that starvation activates autolysosome maturation in mammalian cells. We found that knockout (KO) of Rab7 (herein referring to the Rab7a isoform) caused an accumulation of a massive number of LC3-positive autolysosomes under nutrient-rich conditions, indicating that Rab7 is dispensable for autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Intriguingly, the autolysosomes that had accumulated in Rab7-KO cells matured and disappeared after starvation for a brief period (∼10 min), and we identified glutamine as an essential nutrient for autolysosome maturation. In contrast, forced inactivation of mTORC1 through treatment with its inhibitor Torin2 failed to induce autolysosome maturation, suggesting that the process is controlled by an mTORC1-independent mechanism. Since starvation-induced autolysosome maturation was also observed in wild-type cells, the nutrient-starvation-induced maturation of autolysosomes is likely to be a generalized mechanism in the same manner as starvation-induced autophagosome formation. Such multistep regulatory mechanisms would enable efficient autophagic flux during starvation.
The many roles of fats in overwintering insects
Authors: Sinclair Brent J. , Marshall Katie E.
Published: March 2018

Temperate, polar and alpine insects generally do not feed over winter and hence must manage their energy stores to fuel their metabolism over winter and to meet the energetic demands of development and reproduction in the spring. In this Review, we give an overview of the accumulation, use and conservation of fat reserves in overwintering insects and discuss the ways insects modify fats to facilitate their selective consumption or conservation. Many insects are in diapause and have depressed metabolic rates over winter; together with low temperatures, this means that lipid stores are likely to be consumed predominantly in the autumn and spring, when temperatures are higher but insects remain dormant. Although there is ample evidence for a shift towards less-saturated lipids in overwintering insects, switches between the use of carbohydrate and lipid stores during winter have not been well-explored. Insects usually accumulate cryoprotectants over winter, and the resulting increase in haemolymph viscosity is likely to reduce lipid transport. For freeze-tolerant insects (which withstand internal ice), we speculate that impaired oxygen delivery limits lipid oxidation when frozen. Acetylated triacylglycerols remain liquid at low temperatures and interact with water molecules, providing intriguing possibilities for a role in cryoprotection. Similarly, antifreeze glycolipids may play an important role in structuring water and ice during overwintering. We also touch on the uncertain role of non-esterified fatty acids in insect overwintering. In conclusion, lipids are an important component of insect overwintering energetics, but there remain many uncertainties ripe for detailed exploration.
Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function
Authors: Schoettl Theresa , Fischer Ingrid P. , Ussar Siegfried
Published: March 2018

Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.
Adipose morphology and metabolic disease
Authors: Tandon Panna , Wafer Rebecca , Minchin James E. N.
Published: March 2018

Adipose morphology is defined as the number and size distribution of adipocytes (fat cells) within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue with fewer but larger adipocytes is said to have a ‘hypertrophic’ morphology, whereas adipose with many adipocytes of a smaller size is said to have a ‘hyperplastic’ morphology. Hypertrophic adipose morphology is positively associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, hyperplastic morphology is associated with improved metabolic parameters. These phenotypic associations suggest that adipose morphology influences risk of cardiometabolic disease. Intriguingly, monozygotic twin studies have determined that adipose morphology is in part determined genetically. Therefore, identifying the genetic regulation of adipose morphology may help us to predict, prevent and ameliorate insulin resistance and associated metabolic diseases. Here, we review the current literature regarding adipose morphology in relation to: (1) metabolic and medical implications; (2) the methods used to assess adipose morphology; and (3) transcriptional differences between morphologies. We further highlight three mechanisms that have been hypothesized to promote adipocyte hypertrophy and thus to regulate adipose morphology.
Cold tolerance is linked to osmoregulatory function of the hindgut inLocusta migratoria
Authors: Gerber Lucie , Overgaard Johannes
Published: March 2018

There is growing evidence that maintenance of ion and water balance determine cold tolerance in many insects. The hindgut of terrestrial insects is critical for maintaining organismal homeostasis as it regulates solute- and water-balance of the hemolymph. Here we used ex vivo everted gut sacs of L. migratoria to examine the effects of temperature (0 - 30°C), thermal-acclimation, hypoxia, and ionic and osmotic forces on bulk water and ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) movement across the rectal epithelium. These findings were related to simultaneous in vivo measurements of water and ion balance in locusts exposed to similar temperatures. As predicted, we observed a critical inhibition of net water and ion reabsorption at low temperature that is proportional to the in vivo loss of water and ion homeostasis. Further, cold-acclimated locust, known to defend ion and water balance at low temperature, were characterised by improved reabsorptive capacity at low temperature. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that transport mechanisms in the hindgut at low temperature are essential for cold tolerance. The loss of osmoregulatory capacity at low temperature was primarily caused by reduced active transport while rectal paracellular permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran was unchanged at 0 and 30°C. During cold exposure, water reabsorption was independent of major cation gradients across the epithelia while reduction in mucosal Cl− availability and increase in mucosal osmolality markedly depressed water reabsorption. These findings are discussed in perspective of existing knowledge and with suggestions for future physiological studies on cold acclimation and adaptation in insects.
Empirical Work on Auctions of Multiple Objects
Authors: Hortaçsu Ali , McAdams David
Published: March 2018

Abundant data has led to new opportunities for empirical auctions research in recent years, with much of the newest work on auctions of multiple objects, including: (1) auctions of ranked objects (such as sponsored search ads), (2) auctions of identical objects (such as Treasury bonds), and (3) auctions of dissimilar objects (such as FCC spectrum licenses). This paper surveys recent developments in the empirical analysis of such auctions. (JEL D44, H82)
A Review Essay on Howard Bodenhorn's The Color Factor: The Economics of African-American Well-Being in the Nineteenth-Century South
Authors: Shertzer Allison
Published: March 2018

In The Color Factor: The Economics of African-American Well-Being in the Nineteenth-Century South, Howard Bodenhorn investigates the origins, health, and socioeconomic performance of mixed-race people in the antebellum Southern United States. The central conclusion of the book is that mixed-race people fared better than darker-skinned blacks on nearly every dimension; however, they were still disadvantaged relative to whites. This review essay discusses the book's valuable data contributions and relates Bodenhorn's conclusions to the broader literature on colorism. I close with implications for future research on the economics of skin color. (JEL I12, I31, J15, J31, J71, N31)
Continuous training and certification in neonatal resuscitation in remote areas using a multi-platform information and communication technology intervention, compared to standard training: A randomized cluster trial study protocol
Authors: Delgado Carlos Alberto , Gómez Pomar Enrique M. , Velásquez Pablo , Sánchez Víctor , Shimabuku Roberto , Huicho Luis ,   RCPNEOPERU Study Group
Published: March 2018

Background: About 10% of all newborns may have difficulty breathing and require support by trained personnel. In Peru, 90% of deliveries occur in health facilities. However, there is not a national neonatal resuscitation and certification program for the public health sector. In addition, the Andes and the Amazon regions concentrate large rural remote areas, which further limit the implementation of training programs and the accomplishment of continuous certification. Neonatal resuscitation training through the use of information, communication and technology (ICT) tools running on computers, tablets or mobile phones, may overcome such limitations. This strategy allows online and offline access to educational resources, paving the way to more frequent and efficient training and certification processes.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a neonatal resuscitation training and certification program that uses a multi-platform ICT (MP-ICT) strategy on neonatal health care in remote areas.

Methods: We propose to conduct the study through a cluster-randomized trial, where the study and analysis unit is the health care facility. Eligible facilities will include primary and secondary health care level facilities that are located in provinces with neonatal mortality rates higher than 15 per 1,000 live births. We will compare the proportion of newborns with a heart rate ≥100 beats per minute at two minutes after birth in health care facilities that receive MP-ICT training and certification implementation, with those that receive standard training and certification.

Discussion: We expect that the intervention will be shown as more effective than the current standard of care. We are prepared to include it within a national neonatal resuscitation training and certification program to be implemented at national scale together with policymakers and other key stakeholders. 

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Nº NCT03210194 

Status of the study: This study is enrolling participants by invitation only.

Study protocol version 1.1 – March 31st, 2017
A survey of quality of life indicators in the Romanian Roma population following the ‘Decade of Roma Inclusion’
Authors: Powell Doherty Rebecca , Müller-Demary Daniel , Hosszu Alexandra , Duminica Ana , Bertke Andrea , Lewis Bryan , Eubank Stephen
Published: March 2018

Background: This study explores how the Roma in Romania, the EU’s most concentrated population, are faring in terms of a number of quality of life indicators, including poverty levels, healthcare, education, water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Methods: 135 surveys were conducted across five geographically diverse Romanian communities. Household participants were selected through a comprehensive random walk method. Analyses were conducted on all data using Pandas for Python.

Results: These data indicate that the Roma in Romania face significant disparities in education, with Roma students less likely to progress beyond 8thgrade. In addition, the Roma population remains significantly disadvantaged with regard to safe and secure housing, poverty, and healthcare status, particularly in connection to diarrheal disease. In contrast, however, both Roma and non-Roma in rural areas face difficulties regarding full-time employment, sanitation, and water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate the challenges that remain to the Roma population in Romania, and also point to the myriad of ways in which all rural Romanians, regardless of ethnicity, are encountering hardship. This study highlights the areas in which improvements can be made to ensure the Roma, and indeed all Romanian citizens, have access to and confidence in sanitation services, clean water, and adequate healthcare treatment.
Is panic disorder a disorder of physical fitness? A heuristic proposal
Authors: Perna Giampaolo , Caldirola Daniela
Published: March 2018

Currently, panic disorder (PD) is considered a mental disorder based on the assumptions that panic attacks (PAs) are “false alarms” that arise from abnormally sensitive defense systems in the central nervous system and that PD is treated with therapies specifically acting on anxiety or fear mechanisms. This article aims to propose an alternative perspective based on the results of some experimental studies. Our heuristic proposal suggests not only that PD may be a mental disorder but also that patients with PD have real abnormal body functioning, mainly involving cardiorespiratory and balance systems, leading to a decline in global physical fitness. PAs, as well as physical symptoms or discomfort in some environmental situations, may be “real alarms” signaling that the adaptability resources of an organism are insufficient to respond appropriately to some internal or external changes, thus representing the transient conscious awareness of an imbalance in body functioning. The antipanic properties of several modern treatments for PD may include their beneficial effects on body functions. Although anxiety or fear mechanisms are evidently involved in PD, we hypothesize that a reduction of physical fitness is the “primum movens” of PD, while anxiety or fear is induced and sustained by repeated signals of impaired body functioning. We propose considering panic in a broader perspective that offers a central role to the body and to contemplate the possible role of somatic treatments in PD.
Understanding barriers to the introduction of precision medicines in non-small cell lung cancer: A qualitative interview protocol
Authors: Wright Stuart , Daker-White Gavin , Newman William , Payne Katherine
Published: March 2018

Background: While precision medicines targeting genetic mutations and alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been available since 2010, their adoption into clinical practice has been slow. Evidence suggests that a number of barriers, such as insufficient clinician knowledge, a need for training of test providers, or a lack of specific clinical guidelines, may slow the implementation of precision in general. However, little attention has been given to the barriers to providing precision medicines in NSCLC. The purpose of this protocol is to outline the design for a qualitative interview study to identify the barriers and facilitators to the provision of precision medicines for NSCLC.

Methods: This study will use semi-structured interviews with clinicians (n=10), test providers (n=10), and service commissioners (n=10) to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to providing historical, current, and future precision medicines in NSCLC. Participants will be identified through mailing list advertisements and snowball sampling. Recruitment will continue until data saturation, indicated by no new themes arising from the data. Interviews will be conducted by telephone to facilitate geographical diversity. The qualitative data will be analysed using a framework analysis with themes anticipated to relate to; relevant barriers to providing precision medicines, the impact of different barriers on medicine provision, changes in the ability to provide precision medicines over time, and strategies to facilitate the provision of precision medicines.

Ethics: This study has been approved by the University of Manchester Proportionate Review Research Ethics Committee (Reference number: 2017-1885-3619). Written consent will be obtained from all participants.

Conclusion: This study is the first to explore the barriers and facilitators to providing precision medicines for NSCLC in the English NHS. The findings will inform strategies to improve the implementation of future precision medicines. These findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and national and international conferences.
Achievable Performance of Blind Policies in Heavy Traffic
Authors: Bansal Nikhil , Kamphorst Bart , Zwart Bert
Published: March 2018

For a GI/GI/1 queue, we show that the average sojourn time under the (blind) Randomized Multilevel Feedback algorithm is no worse than that under the Shortest Remaining Processing Time algorithm times a logarithmic function of the system load. Moreover, it is verified that this bound is tight in heavy traffic, up to a constant multiplicative factor. We obtain this result by combining techniques from two disparate areas: competitive analysis and applied probability.
Improving the National Reporting and Learning System and responses to it
Authors: Tingle John
Published: March 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses some recent patient safety reports from NHS Improvement
A nurse's duty to warn of risks extends to aftercare as well as initial consent
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: March 2018

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the nurse's duty to give patients information about the risks to look out for after treatment or surgery and what to do if an adverse event occurs
Predictors of compartment syndrome of the foot after fracture of the calcaneus
Authors: Park Y. H. , Lee J. W. , Hong J. Y. , Choi G. W. , Kim H. J.
Published: March 2018

Aims

Identifying predictors of compartment syndrome in the foot after a fracture of the calcaneus may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The aim of our study was to identify any such predictors.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 303 patients (313 fractures) with a fracture of the calcaneus who presented to us between October 2008 and September 2016. The presence of compartment syndrome and potential predictors were identified by reviewing their medical records. Potential predictors included age, gender, concomitant foot injury, mechanism of injury, fracture classification, time from injury to admission, underlying illness, use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents, smoking status and occupation. Associations with predictors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 313 fractures of the calcaneus, 12 (3.8%) developed a compartment syndrome. A Sanders type IV fracture was the only strongly associated factor (odds ratio 21.67, p = 0.007). Other variables did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

A Sanders type IV fracture is the best predictor of compartment syndrome after a fracture of the calcaneus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:303–8.
Biological augmentation of graft healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hexter A. T. , Thangarajah T. , Blunn G. , Haddad F. S.
Published: March 2018

Aims

The success of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) depends on osseointegration at the graft-tunnel interface and intra-articular ligamentization. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated biological augmentation of graft healing in ACLR.

Materials and Methods

In all, 1879 studies were identified across three databases. Following assessment against strict criteria, 112 studies were included (20 clinical studies; 92 animal studies).

Results

Seven categories of biological interventions were identified: growth factors, biomaterials, stem cells, gene therapy, autologous tissue, biophysical/environmental, and pharmaceuticals. The methodological quality of animal studies was moderate in 97%, but only 10% used clinically relevant outcome measures. The most interventions in clinical trials target the graft-tunnel interface and are applied intraoperatively. Platelet-rich plasma is the most studied intervention, but the clinical outcomes are mixed, and the methodological quality of studies was suboptimal. Other biological therapies investigated in clinical trials include: remnant-augmented ACLR; bone substitutes; calcium phosphate-hybridized grafts; extracorporeal shockwave therapy; and adult autologus non-cultivated stem cells.

Conclusion

There is extensive preclinical research supporting the use of biological therapies to augment ACLR. Further clinical studies that meet the minimum standards of reporting are required to determine whether emerging biological strategies will provide tangible benefits in patients undergoing ACLR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:271–84.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life, hip function, and health utility after operative management of femoral neck fractures
Authors: Sprague S. , Bhandari M. , Heetveld M. J. , Liew S. , Scott T. , Bzovsky S. , Heels-Ansdell D. , Zhou Q. , Swiontkowski M. , Schemitsch E. H.
Published: March 2018

Aims

The primary aim of this prognostic study was to identify baseline factors associated with physical health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients after a femoral neck fracture. The secondary aims were to identify baseline factors associated with mental HRQL, hip function, and health utility.

Patients and Methods

Patients who were enrolled in the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip Fractures (FAITH) trial completed the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, and EuroQol 5-Dimension at regular intervals for 24 months. We conducted multilevel mixed models to identify factors potentially associated with HRQL.

Results

The following were associated with lower physical HRQL: older age (-1.42 for every ten-year increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.17 to -0.67, p < 0.001); female gender (-1.52, 95% CI -3.00 to -0.05, p = 0.04); higher body mass index (-0.69 for every five-point increase, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.02, p = 0.04); American Society of Anesthesiologists class III ( versus class I) (-3.19, 95% CI -5.73 to -0.66, p = 0.01); and sustaining a displaced fracture (-2.18, 95% CI -3.88 to -0.49, p = 0.01). Additional factors were associated with mental HRQL, hip function, and health utility.

Conclusion

We identified several baseline factors associated with lower HRQL, hip function, and utility after a femoral neck fracture. These findings may be used by clinicians to inform treatment and outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:361–9.
A randomized controlled trial comparing the Thompson hemiarthroplasty with the Exeter polished tapered stem and Unitrax modular head in the treatment of displaced intracapsular fractures of the hip
Authors: Sims A. L. , Parsons N. , Achten J. , Griffin X. L. , Costa M. L. , Reed M. R. , CORNET Trainee Collaborative
Published: March 2018

Aims

This study aimed to compare the change in health-related quality of life of patients receiving a traditional cemented monoblock Thompson hemiarthroplasty compared with a modern cemented modular polished-taper stemmed hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular hip fractures.

Patients and Methods

This was a pragmatic, multicentre, multisurgeon, two-arm, parallel group, randomized standard-of-care controlled trial. It was embedded within the WHiTE Comprehensive Cohort Study. The sample size was 964 patients. The setting was five National Health Service Trauma Hospitals in England. A total of 964 patients over 60 years of age who required hemiarthroplasty of the hip between February 2015 and March 2016 were included. A standardized measure of health outcome, the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, was carried out on admission and at four months following the operation.

Results

Of the 964 patients enrolled, 482 died or were lost to follow-up (50%). No significant differences were noted in EQ-5D between groups, with a mean difference at four months of 0.037 in favour of the Exeter/Unitrax implant (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.014 to 0.087, p = 0.156), rising to 0.045 (95% CI 0.007 to 0.098, p = 0.09) when patients who died were excluded. The minimum clinically important difference for EQ-5D-5L used in this study is 0.08, therefore any benefit between implants is unlikely to be noticeable to the patient. There was no difference in mortality or mobility score.

Conclusion

Allowing for the high rate of loss to follow-up, the use of the traditional Thompson hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of the displaced intracapsular hip fracture shows no difference in health outcome when compared with a modern cemented hemiarthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:352–60.
EFICIÊNCIA DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS DA REDE DE ENSINO MUNICIPAL CEARENSE
Authors: Castro Marilia de Souza , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de
Published: March 2018

Este estudo busca aferir os escores de eficiência técnica e de escala dos gastos públicos da rede de ensino municipal cearense. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se o método não paramétrico de Análise Envoltória dos Dados, tomando como base de dados as Finanças do Brasil, divulgadas pela Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, e o Anuário Estatístico do Ceará, divulgado pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia Econômica do Ceará para o ano de 2011. Os resultados sinalizam que os municípios cearenses podem diminuir, em média, os gastos em 53% e 46%, nos modelos com retornos constantes e variáveis, respectivamente, sem reduzir a produção educacional dos municípios. Em termos regionais, os dados indicam que os melhores resultados foram verificados pela mesorregião metropolitana de Fortaleza. Ademais, todas as mesorregiões apresentaram predominância de escolas públicas estaduais operando com retornos decrescentes de escala. Palavras-chave: Eficiência técnica e de escala; educação; análise envoltória de dados; Ceará.
A HETEROGENEIDADE DA ESTRUTURA DE CAPITAL DAS EMPRESAS DOS PAÍSES DESENVOLVIDOS – G7: UMA ANÁLISE QUANTÍLICA
Authors: Silva Edilson dos Santos , Santos Joséte Florencio dos , Nakamura Wilson Toshiro
Published: March 2018

Nas últimas décadas os estudos cross-country se destacaram por tentar verificar os determinantes da estrutura de capital nos mais diversos países. Entretanto, vale ressaltar que, em tempos de crise e recessão, as decisões de financiamento ganham uma maior importância, visto que os recursos no mercado financeiro podem ficar mais escassos, o que pode impactar nos possíveis investimentos e nas atividades de produção das empresas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se as empresas dos principais países desenvolvidos (países integrantes do G7) mantêm suas estruturas de capital mediante o cenário de crise. A técnica econométrica chamada regressão quantílica foi utilizada como principal ferramenta de análise, uma vez que suas características permitem uma leitura mais detalhada dos dados, considerando a heterogeneidade das empresas. Os principais resultados apontam para estratégias de financiamento distintas entre as empresas dos países analisados, influenciadas pelo contexto de crise econômica mundial. Palavras-chave: Países desenvolvidos; Pecking order; Trade-off; crise.
GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL: UMA ANÁLISE NAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO E ENGENHARIA
Authors: Almeida Fabrício Teixeira de , Parente Paulo Henrique Nobre , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de
Published: March 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a relação entre as práticas de governança corporativa e o desempenho nas empresas de capital aberto do subsetor construção e engenharia, do setor construção e transporte, da BM&FBovespa. Para tanto, reúne dados financeiros de 30 empresas, referentes a 2013, coletados no website da BM&FBovespa e na base Economática®. No que tange à governança corporativa, foi utilizado um índice calculado a partir de um checklist proposto pela literatura, também referente a 2013. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o índice de governança corporativa influencia positivamente o desempenho empresarial – econômico (ROE), operacional (Ebtida/Ativo) e de valor (Q de Tobin). Desse modo, o estudo oferece evidências empíricas do impacto da governança corporativa no desempenho empresarial no subsetor construção e engenharia da BM&FBovespa, sugerindo que as boas práticas de governança corporativa são fundamentais para a organização, devendo, portanto, ser encorajado o interesse dos investidores e de outros stakeholders. Palavras-chave: Governança corporativa; desempenho empresarial; construção e engenharia.
BASES DE INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE UM OPERADOR LOGÍSTICO E SEUS FORNECEDORES
Authors: Machado Júnior Celso , Ribeiro Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani , Rocha Carlos Alberto da , Mazzali Leonel , Palmisano Angelo
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as bases de integração entre um operador logístico e seu amplo espectro de fornecedores. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, que adotou como estratégia de pesquisa o levantamento por meio de questionário estruturado com questões fechadas. A amostra não-aleatória por conveniência foi composta por 25 empresas, sendo uma delas a empresa contratante. A análise de agrupamentos conseguiu identificar quatro perfis distintos de parcerias com base em variáveis drivers e facilitadoras de parcerias. Foi possível identificar perfis formados por cada grupo de empresas fornecedoras e, particularmente, a tendência à hierarquização das parcerias entre a empresa focal e os seus fornecedores. O grupo de empresas com maior interação se caracteriza por possuir contratos de longo prazo e maior interesse mútuo no processo de compartilhamento de lucros, mas a tolerância de riscos se mostrou idêntica à das demais empresas. Palavras-chave: Cadeia de suprimentos; parcerias; relação cliente-fornecedor; governança.
ADEQUAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS DO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS AO CPC 28 (PROPRIEDADES PARA INVESTIMENTO)
Authors: Maria Junior Elizeu , Albino Daniela Zanotelli , Rodrigues Roberta da Penha , Corrêa Valdir da Silva , Debortoli Gustavo
Published: March 2018

A convergência das normas contábeis brasileiras aos padrões internacionais de contabilidade gerou uma série de estudos direcionados à análise, interpretação, verificação e identificação de itens como: atendimento às normas, seu custo/benefício, dentre outras possibilidades. Buscou-se neste trabalho averiguar se as informações divulgadas pelas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto sob a rubrica “ativo não circulante – propriedades para investimento” atendem plenamente às exigências preconizadas no CPC 28, pretendendo com isso verificar a conformidade das informações levadas ao mercado com as normas contábeis utilizadas. A metodologia adotada foi embasada no levantamento bibliográfico, por propor uma análise descritiva com abordagem qualitativa das diversas posições sobre o objetivo proposto. Destacou-se na análise dos dados que as empresas que mensuram seus ativos pelo valor justo apresentaram maior volume de divulgação das informações com relação as que optaram pelo custo. Observou-se também que houve uma evolução geral no período analisado acerca das divulgações, no entanto, devido à falta de um padrão efetivo de divulgação dos itens exigidos pela norma podem estar ocorrendo problemas de comparabilidade além de dificuldades de interpretação, acarretando lacunas que podem gerar a omissão de informações importantes. Palavras-chave: Propriedade para investimento; mensuração; informações contábeis divulgadas.
ANÁLISE DAS COMPRAS PÚBLICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS NA SECRETARIA DO MEIO AMBIENTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Araújo Geraldino Carneiro de , Teixeira Cláudia Echevenguá
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho possui o objetivo de analisar a implantação e a operação das compras públicas sustentáveis na Secretaria do Meio Ambiente (SMA) do estado de São Paulo. Nas licitações sustentáveis se incluem critérios socioambientais nos editais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com uma abordagem qualitativa das compras públicas sustentáveis na SMA. Foram analisados documentos, registros de arquivos e entrevistas. O estado de São Paulo é um dos mais organizados em termos de licitações sustentáveis, e a SMA concentra informações tanto em termos estaduais quanto em termos da própria secretaria. No estado de São Paulo, considera-se licitação sustentável o produto ou o serviço que possua o selo Socioambiental e/ou edital que inclua critérios socioambientais. A análise evidenciou os esforços da SMA em realizar compras públicas sustentáveis, no entanto foram identificados alguns problemas quanto a sua efetiva contribuição socioambiental. Destaca-se que não existe uma classificação das licitações sustentáveis (considera-se a inclusão de qualquer critério sustentável) e que não há uma profissionalização (ausência de padronização e de pesquisas). Palavras-chave: Licitações sustentáveis; implantação; operação.
Making Sense of Madness: Revisiting R.D. Laing
Authors: Ferguson Iain
Published: March 2018

The 1960s saw a challenge to the dominant ideas not only in areas such as women’s oppression and the position of black people, but also in relation to mental health. A central figure, perhaps the central figure, in these debates around mental health and ‘mental illness’ was the Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst R.D. Laing. This article aims to provide an outline of Laing’s key ideas and activities, and to assess the extent to which these ideas are still of value for those seeking to develop less medicalised responses to mental distress in the context of the current crisis in mental health.
T.H. Marshall is alive! A manifesto for a 21st-century public welfare state
Authors: Duarte Filipe
Published: March 2018

This article explores T.H. Marshall’s ideas on citizenship rights by providing a detailed overview of his citizenship framework, which offers the foundations for defining and discussing the nature of public welfare provision in the 21st century. This article affirms that rights represent the essence of citizenship. It contributes to rebuilding and strengthening the recognition of the rights and claims of citizens. It also seeks to improve the understanding of the central organising principles of a public welfare state and its role in welfare provision and redistribution as part of citizenship rights, as proposed by T.H. Marshall.
DAMPAK PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 48 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DAN PENGHULU (Studi di KUA Gondokusuman dan Tegalrejo Yogyakarta)
Authors: Arsyad Faiz Adzkia
Published: March 2018

Based on Government Regulation Number 48 of 2014 about Marriage Registration Fee which contains about the cost of marrieage recording and referring for free or free of charge when done in KUA. If marriage applied outside KUA and outside working hours, it is charged Rp 600.000. The regulation subtitutes Government Regulation Number 47 of 2004 about Non-Tax State Revenue Rate that applied to the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The weakness of Government Regulation No. 47 of 2004 is the number of gratification practices among some headman. This resulted in the issuance of Government Regulation Number 48 of 2014 concerning about the Cost of marriage listing on the basis of the benefit to eliminate the practice of gratuities. Primary sources in this study are the views of the Head Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) Tegalrejo and Gondokusuman Subdistricts and View of bride and groom candidates  in Tegalrejo and Gondokusuman Subdistricts. The secondary data are documents relating to the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) Tegalrejo and Gondokusuman Sub-districts. The approach used is the normative approach. Data were analyzed qualitatively by using deductive and inductive methods. This paper describes the impact of the implementation of Government Regulation Number 48 of 2014 about the Cost of Marriage Listing in KUA Tegalrejo and Gondokusuman.[Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 tahun 2014 tentang Biaya Pencatatan Nikah yang berisi tentang biaya pencatatan nikah dan rujuk gratis atau tidak dipungut biaya sama sekali apabila dilakukan di dalam KUA. Jika melaksanakan nikah di luar KUA dan di luar jam kerja, maka dipungut biaya sebesar Rp 600.000. Peraturan tersebut menggantikan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 47 tahun 2004 tentang Tarif Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak yang Berlaku pada Departemen Agama. Kelemahan PP Nomor 47 tahun 2004 adalah banyaknya praktek gratifikasi di kalangan oknum penghulu. Hal ini menyebabkan lahirnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 tahun 2014 tentang Biaya Pencatatan Nikah atas dasar kemaslahatan untuk menghilangkan praktek gratifikasi. Sumber primer dalam penelitian ini adalah Pandangan Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Tegalrejo dan Gondokusuman serta Pandangan Calon Manten di Kecamatan Tegalrejo dan Gondokusuman. Data sekundernya adalah dokumen yang berhubungan dengan Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Tegalrejo dan Gondokusuman. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deduktif dan induktif. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang dampak implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 tahun 2014 tentang Biaya Pencatatan Nikah di KUA Tegalrejo dan Gondokusuman.]