bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die voorspelling van hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid op grond van persoonlikheidsveranderlikes
Authors: Bester C.L. , Grobler J.J.
Published: March 2013

Dit blyk uit die literatuur dat daar nog min navorsing gedoen is ten opsigte van die voorspelling van hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid. Die resultate ten opsigte van persoonlikheidsfaktore en hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid wat in die literatuur vermeid word, is baie teenstrydig. Die doel met die studie was om vas te stel of persoonlikheidsfaktore wat volgens die literatuur beduidend met hipnotiseerbaarheid korreleer as voorspellers vir hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid gebruik kan word. Sestig voorgraadse senior sielkundestudente (18 mans en 42 dames) is as proefpersone gebruik. Cattell se 16-Persoonlikheids-faktorevraelys is toegepas. 'n Aangepaste vorm van die Liggaamswaaitoets (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962) is gebruik om hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid te bepaal. Hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid het nie met een van die onafhanlike veranderlikes beduidend korreleer nie. Dit blyk dat die persoonlikheidsveranderlikes wat op grond van die literatuur geselekteer is en wat deur die 16-PF gemeet is, nie akkurate voorspellers van hipnotiese suggereerbaarheid is nie.
The Development of Gender Understanding in Children
Authors: Bhana Kastoor
Published: March 2013

The development of gender understanding was studied in 7 1/2-year-old male and female Indian children. The experimental procedure involved the investigation of: (i) the saliency of genital cues, by means of a free classification procedure, (ii) gender understanding, by means of a questionnaire and (iii) its relationship to cognitive development, by testing the conservation of number and substance.

The major result was that children could correctly label themselves but had not yet attained the concept of gender constancy. This made it difficult to establish a relationship to cognitive development. Further genital cues by themselves have no specific significance for the children. These and other findings were discussed in terms of their particular practical relevance.
Developments in Defining the Experience of Crowding
Authors: Van Staden Fred J.
Published: March 2013

Developments in the attempt to define the experience of crowding is traced from its original inception in psychological literature. It is concluded that contemporary conceptualizations of crowding point to its description as a transactional process.
Key Issues in the Development of Applied Educational Psychology in the Contemporary South African Context
Authors: Donald David
Published: March 2013

Applied educational psychology is currently undergoing radical revision in most developed countries. The issues at stake are not only as relevant in South Africa as anywhere but carry an added urgency in the context of our particular society and its emergent needs. Key issues to be confronted are: the relevance issue; the statutory control issue; the advocacy issue; the issue of professional definition; the breadth of role issue; the model of intervention issue.

Clarity about these issues and their implications in our society is a necessary pre-requisite to the meaningful development of the profession of applied educational psychology in South Africa.
Measuring Managerial Power: A South African Cross-Cultural Validation
Authors: Templer Andrew J.
Published: March 2013

The value of managerial power as a basis for organization analysis is considered and measurement difficulties proposed as a reason for its relative neglect by practitioners. Alternative approaches to the operationalization of managerial power are outlined and the need for demonstrated cross-cultural validity emphasized. Two measures of managerial power are applied to a matched sample of 168 Black and 168 White supervisory level employees in 17 South African organizations. A questionnaire measure but not an interview index is found to be reliable and to replicate the factor structure obtained in its application to a United States sample. Implications for further research in South Africa using the instruments are drawn from the findings.
The Effect on Self-Actualization of a Personal Growth Programme Based on Co-Counselling
Authors: Edwards David J.A.
Published: March 2013

Nine male and thirteen female psychology students who participated in a personal growth training programme based on co-counselling, and a matched control group, completed Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory both before and after the programme. The inventory was also completed six months later by eleven of the original sample. There was a general tendency in both groups for self-actualization to increase. At the post-test, on the scales Inner Directedness, Time Competence, Self Actualizing Values and Self Regard, the co-counselling group showed a greater increase than the Controls. At six months follow-up, the pattern of means suggested that gains were maintained, however the six months sample was too small in size for differences between experimental and control groups to reach statistical significance.
Attraction between Sentence Parts
Authors: Mann J.W.
Published: March 2013

Grammatical error occurs when a verb is ‘attracted’ by the number of a complement, as in What is required are houses …. Ambiguity of number is important in attraction, and is manipulated in an experiment involving 100 Ss randomly allocated to 5 equal-sized treatment groups. Error depends on whether number is ambiguous or not in certain parts of a sentence.
Measuring Global Life-Satisfaction in South African Subjects
Authors: Ochse R.
Published: March 2013

When used for measuring global life-satisfaction in Black and White South Africans, English and Afrikaans versions of the Index of Well-being, a nine-item semantic differential designed by Campbell, Converse and Rodgers (1976), was highly internally consistent. There were also some indications of discriminant and convergent validity. The only significant findings regarding relationships between life-satisfaction and demographic variables were a main effect for ethnic group and an interactive effective for ethnic group, sex and age. Scores on well-being were noticeably lower for Black Women between the ages of 25 and 39 years than for any other subgroup.
REM Bursts and REM Sleep following Visual and Auditory Learning
Authors: Verschoor G.J. , Holdstock T.L
Published: March 2013

In the investigation of pre-sleep variables that affect sleep stage distribution and eye movement bursts during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, 24 paid student volunteers slept three nights in the laboratory. Preceding sleep on the third night they underwent a four-hour learning task which involved either visual learning (Group VL), minimal visual learning (Group MVL), auditory learning (Group AL) or minimal auditory learning (Group MAL). Groups VL and AL showed significantly greater increases in percentage REM sleep than groups MVL and MAL from the control to the experimental night, while groups VL and MVL showed greater increases in rapid eye movement bursts occurring during REM than groups AL and MAL from control to experimental night. These results were interpreted to support the notion that memory consolidation occurs during REM sleep. It was speculated that actual eye movements represent a sensory scanning process of pre-sleep events.
Self-Esteem and the Educational and Vocational Aspirations of Adolescent Girls in South Africa
Authors: Westaway Margaret , Skuy M.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine certain aspects of educational and vocational development in adolescent females. Specifically, the major aims were: (i) To determine the relationship between various self-esteem factors and educational and vocational aspirations, and (ii) to ascertain whether socio-economic status, level of academic achievement, or family size were more influential variables than the self-esteem factors. Subjects were 120 White girls, aged between 15 and 16 years, from four co-educational high schools in the urban area of Johannesburg. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, of five self-esteem factors, self-perceived ability was the most important predictor of educational and vocational aspirations. Discriminant analyses demonstrated that the most important predictors of high educational aspirations were level of academic achievement, socio-economic status, and global self-esteem, whereas self-perceived ability, socio-economic status, and global self-esteem were the most important predictors of high vocational aspirations.
Moderating Influences on Role Perception — Outcome Relationships in Black South African Workers
Authors: Bloom J.B.
Published: March 2013

Possible effects of role perceptions on work-related outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction and involvement) are investigated. In addition, the mediating role of need for clarity, work-manifest need for achievement (n Ach) and need for autonomy (n Aut) as possible moderators of these relationships is assessed. The heterogeneous sample consisted of 110 adequately literate urban Black workers ( M age = 31 years; M years of education = 11,4). Of these, a more homogeneous subsample of 55 clerks ( M age = 32 years; M years of education = 10,9) was analysed separately. Results indicated that only the role perception-job satisfaction relationship was significant. Significant interaction effects were invariably sample bound, mostly accounting for small amounts of variance. The sometimes unexpected direction of these relationships generated some alternative explanations, but greater support was found for the treatment of n Ach, n Aut, and the need for clarity as independent predictor variables in the regression analyses.
Transactionism in Person-Environment Theory
Authors: van Staden F.
Published: March 2013

Environmental psychology is described as a sub-field of psychology which busies itself with the analysis of relationships between human activity and the external contexts in which it takes place. A brief overview of personologist, interactionist and situationist positions in person-environment theorizing is provided. The recent development of transactionism as an offshoot from interactionist views is illuminated by providing a synopsis of the basic assumptions of a transactional approach to person-environment relations. In conclusion it is suggested that this approach also emphasizes the role of change, human use of technology and the psychological nature of artifacts as central to the study of human-environment relations.
Group-Induced Decision Polarization: Further Generalizations
Authors: Foster D.H. , Finchilescu G.
Published: March 2013

Three experiments on the group polarization phenomenon are reported. Experiments 1 and 2 found decision polarization on issues relevant to the South African socio-political context and among groups meeting repeatedly, over four sessions. Polarization in these more established groups was similar to that in typical single-session groups at the group decision stage, but established groups retained the degree of polarization to a greater extent. Nominal groups failed to polarize. Experiment 3 also found polarization with socially relevant items (attitudes towards women's equality) but failed to find differential effects owing to real and ‘symbolic encounters’. Overall, these results extend the generalizability of polarization, particularly to more established groups and with issues relevant to socio-political contexts. Additional findings concern group-size effects, methodological aspects, and recidivism of polarization effects.
Implicit Causality in Language: Evidence from Afrikaans
Authors: Vorster Jan
Published: March 2013

Using English verbs naming interactions between persons Brown and Fish (1983) show that speakers apportion causality unequally between interactants. Action verbs draw greater causal weight to Agent than to Patient arguments while state verbs draw greater weight to Stimulus than to Experiencer arguments. Verbs frequently have derived adjectives naming an attribute of one of the arguments. The direction of causality attribution in adjectives predicts the causality respondents attribute to interactions. Brown and Fish propose two cognitive schemata underlying this phenomenon. Although supporting the Brown hypotheses, data from the present Afrikaans replication are consistently attenuated. Moreover, interaction of verb class with measuring technique has a much stronger effect in Afrikaans than in English. Tentative explanations for these differences are suggested.
An Attempt to Arouse the Achievement Motivation of Young Women by Experimental Intervention
Authors: Erwee Ronel
Published: March 2013

The aim was to study short and medium-term effects of a structured achievement motivation course on the achievement motivation of adolescent women. Hypotheses were that (a) achievement motivation could be experimentally aroused by means of the course and, (b) experimentally aroused achievement motivation would persist over the medium term, i.e., for six months following the course. The research group consisted of 121 adolescent women students at a military training unit. Subjects were divided into an experimental group ( n = 58) and a control group ( n = 63). Both groups participated in four testing sessions which were scheduled for January, before and after the experimental intervention in June, and December. The experimental intervention was an adaptation of McClelland's original achievement motivation course. Questionnaires constructed to assess cognitive conscious dimensions of achievement motivation were used as dependent variable measures. Dimensions assessed were autonomous and social achievement values, hope of success and fear of failure, internal and external locus of control, sensitivity to rejection, and affiliation tendency, as well as dogmatism, level of autonomy, and values. Data were analysed by means of Hotelling's T2 test. No significant differences existed between levels of achievement motivation for the experimental and control groups in January or before the intervention in June. The hypothesis that the course would cause a significant increase in the level of achievement motivation of the experimental group was not supported. The results suggested that situational factors and personal characteristics of the experimental group contributed to the failure of the experimental intervention.
Sexual Attitudes and Behaviour of Indian South African Adolescents
Authors: Amod Zaytoom , Shmukler Diana
Published: March 2013

No prior research has been conducted into sexuality among Indian adolescents, although adolescence is a critical stage in the human life cycle for psychosocial and psychosexual development. The present study aimed at investigating the sexual attitudes and behaviour of a sample of Indian South African adolescents. Two hypotheses were formulated: there is a significant difference between the sexes in their sexual attitudes and behaviour; there is a significant relationship between socio-cultural background/traditionalism of the respondents and their sexual attitudes and behaviour. Self-completion questionnaires were administered to samples of 25 males and 25 females from each of four high schools in the Johannesburg area ( N = 200). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between the sexes in their sexual attitudes and behaviour. A significant relationship between socio-cultural background/traditionalism and sexual attitudes and behaviour was also established.
Die verband tussen houdings teenoor die desegregasie van openbare fasiliteite en intrapsigiese faktore
Authors: van Staden Fred J.
Published: March 2013

In hierdie vraelysondersoek is daar van die veronderstelling uitgegaan dat blanke houdings teenoor die desegregasie van openbare fasiliteite verband hou met 'n aantal psigologies gefundeerde faktore. Die steekproef het uit 1 062 tweede- en derdejaar sielkundestudente aan die Universiteit van Suid-Afrika gedurende 1985 bestaan. Deur middel van 'n tweegroep diskriminantontleding is bevind dat die metings van Outoritarisme, Aanvaarding van Ander, en Behoefte aan Privaatheid betekenisvolle bydraes tot die krag van die afgeleide diskriminantfunksie gelewer het. Dit blyk dus dat bogenoemde metings verband hou met die proefpersone se houdings teenoor die desegregering van openbare fasiliteite. Hierteenoor het die metings van Selfaanvaarding en Lokus van Kontrole nie betekenisvolle bydraes tot die onderskeiding tussen houdings (van aanvaarding en weerstand) teenoor die desegregasie van openbare fasiliteite gelewer nie. Afrikaanssprekende proefpersone was meer outoritêr geneigd en het meer weerstand teen die desegregasie van openbare fasiliteite as die Engelssprekende proefpersone getoon. Verder is 'n ontleding van houdings teenoor die desegregasie van spesifieke openbare fasiliteite verskaf. Die bespreking van die bevindings het op die volgende faktore wat bydraes mag lewer tot houdings van weerstand teenoor die desegregasie van openbare fasiliteite gefokus: (a) outoritêre interaksiestyle, (b) onsekerheid betreffende die aard van interpersoonlike interaksies, en (c) verwagtings van verhoogde stimulusinsette in gedesegregeerde omstandighede.
A Comparison between the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and the South African Scholastic Achievement Test
Authors: Doctor Estelle A. , Chandler Philip L.
Published: March 2013

Two tests of reading ability, the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and the South African Scholastic Achievement Test, were psychometrically compared. Both tests were administered to a group of reading disabled children and a statistical analysis of the results was undertaken. The correlation between the tests was found to be high, and a high degree of internal consistency was demonstrated for the Scholastic Achievement Test. These findings indicate that unless there is a special reason for using a relatively old test, and one which has not been standardized on a South African population, the South African Scholastic Achievement Test should be selected.
Die voorveronderstellings gehuldig binne die bedryfsielkunde. 'n Vakfilosofiese beskouing
Authors: Veldsman T.H.
Published: March 2013

Die doel van die artikel is tweeledig, eerstens, om die betekenisse (of voorveronderstellings) wat binne die bedryfsielkunde aan sy grondbegrippe, te wete ‘wetenskap’, ‘mens’, ‘arbeid’, en ‘psigiese’ geheg word, aan te dui, en tweedens, om die verwysingsraamwerke gehuldig binne die bedryfsielkunde op grond van die betekenisse geheg aan sy grondbegrippe, te bespreek. Daar word getoon dat die twee geskiedkundige strominge wat gewoonlik binne die bedryfsielkunde onderskei word, betekenisvol verskil met betrekking tot die voorveronderstellings wat gehuldig word ten opsigte van die bedryfsielkunde se grondbegrippe. Die twee verwysingsraamwerke verskil dus ook betekenisvol. Die verskil kan verklaar word in terme van 'n kontinue of diskontinue groei in die vak. Laasgenoemde verklaring skyn meer aanvaarbaar te wees.

Die artikel is 'n uittreksel uit 'n doktorale studie getiteld ‘Die Bedryfsielkunde — 'n vakfilosofiese beskouing’ deur die skrywer. Finansiële bystand is deur die RGN verleen.
Die verryking van die swart kind se visueel-perseptuele vermoë
Authors: Herbst Ingrid , Beukes Roelf B.I.
Published: March 2013

Swart kinders ondervind dikwels skolastiese probleme omdat hulle visueel-perseptuele vermoë met skooltoetrede van die norm wat deur die westerse tipe onderwysstelsel vereis word, verskil. Hoewel dié probleme gedeeltelik bekamp word deur 'n voorbereidingsprogram van die Departement Onderwys en Opleiding, moet bykomende hulpverlening op 'n vroeër stadium oorweeg word. Ten einde 'n realistiese prakties en ekonomies uitvoerbare wyse van hulpverlening te vind, is die invloed van geselekteerde spele en spelervaring op die visueel-perseptuele vermoë van jong swart kinders ondersoek. Met behulp van die Frostig toets is 160 skoolbeginners visueel-perseptueel evalueer. Uit dié kinders is twee groepe van 40 kinders elk saamgestel. Slegs die eksperimentele groep is oor 'n tydperk van ses maande, vir twee middae per week aan Westerse tipe spele blootgestel, waarna beide groepe weer met dieselfde toets geëvalueer is. Ontleding van die gegewens het getoon dat die eksperimentele groep, bo en behalwe die verwagte, normale ontwikkeling, oor die algemeen 'n betekenisvolle verbetering teenoor die kontrolegroep getoon het. Hierdie verskil kan veral aan hul ontwikkeling ten opsigte van visueel-motoriese koördinasie en figuur-agtergrond onderskeiding toegeskryf word. Voorskoolse westerse spelervaring kan dus as 'n praktiese en ekonomies uitvoerbare oplossing vir die huidige probleme aanbeveel word.
A Preview of Five Articles on Phenomenological Psychology
Authors: Kruger Dreyer
Published: March 2013

In introducing the five contributions to phenomenological psychology in this issue the phenomenological approach is described, on the one hand, as a naïve science which accepts the subject's explications of his own experience, but, on the other, as ambitious in that it strives towards a rigorous and systematic exposition. In order to make prereflective experience clear, it has always to struggle with the limitations of language.
Fenomenologie en die grondslae van die psigologie
Authors: Kruger Dreyer
Published: March 2013

Die standpunt word gehuldig dat die sielkunde, na 'n onafhanklike bestaan van meer as 100 jaar, as wetenskaplike projek misluk het. Dit word toegeskryf daaraan dat die sielkunde nie, in dialoog met sy menslike ‘materiaal’, 'n eie metodiek ontwikkel het nie maar voorrang verleen het aan die reedsontwikkelde natuurwetenskaplike metodiek waardeur die basiese aannames van die natuurwetenskap ook sonder voldoende besinning oorgeneem is. Die onderhawige bydrae pleit vir nuwe antropologiese en teoretiese grondslae gebaseer op eksistensieël-fenomenologiese denke eerder as op Cartesiaanse dualisme, idealisme, en logiese positivisme. Die nuwe grondslae moet steeds in kritiese dialoog met en gebruikmaking van ons primêre belewing van die wêreld opgebou word. Hoe die benadering bevrugtend kan inwerk op verskillende velde van die sielkunde, van waarneming tot psigopatologie en van bedryfs tot kritiese psigologie, word kortliks geïllustreer.
Merleau-Ponty's Conception of the Unconscious
Authors: Brooke Roger
Published: March 2013

In an attempt to fill the gap left by the widespread rejection of Freud's quasi-physiological metapsychology, the unconsciousness which Freud encountered is rearticulated in existential-phenomenological terms. It is argued that psychoanalysis and phenomenology converge in their attempt to understand the latent but operative meanings that structure human life. The unconscious is situated as an ambiguous, lived consciousness within the structure of perception, founded on the forgotten body's world-relations. Repression is discussed in terms of temporality and ambivalence. An incident in psychotherapy is presented in order to highlight these themes. Implications are drawn regarding the ambiguity of psychotherapy, transference, interpretation, and the language of psychology.
Cognitive Aspects of Bilingualism. Part 1. External Features
Authors: Doctor Estelle A. , Ahmed Rashid , Ainslee Vanessa , Cronje Tessa , Klein Denise , Knight Suzette
Published: March 2013

In this review we evaluate definitions of bilingualism, its nature and scope, and types of bilinguals. We indicate the importance of assessing the degree of bilingualism accurately, and delineate some of the difficulties associated with evaluating it. We discuss bilingualism and biscriptalism, and reading different orthographies. Finally we place these issues within the context of English — Afrikaans bilingualism in South Africa.
Cognitive Aspects of Bilingualism. Part 2. Internal Representation
Authors: Doctor Estelle A. , Ahmed Rashid , Ainslee Vanessa , Cronje Tessa , Klein Denise , Knight Suzette
Published: March 2013

In this article we review and evaluate different explanations of the structure of the bilingual lexicon and of the internal representation of the two languages. We present evidence for and against shared or separate internal representation, and consider different conceptual models of bilingualism. We propose a theoretical model to explain the manner in which bilinguals process information. The theory extends the information-processing model developed in the context of unilingual performance and this model may be able to explain some of the discrepancies concerning the psychology of bilingualism, which have been reported in the literature.
Trends in Adult Parasuicide in an Urban Environment
Authors: Bosch B.A. , Schlebusch L. , Wessels W.H.
Published: March 2013

This study reports on a cohort of 389 adult in-hospital parasuicides. The female to male ratio was 2,5:1,3. Age peaked between 20–29 years with a decline corresponding with age advance. An increase in and a lowering of age in parasuicide were found. Most patients were married and had a history and family history of psychological problems including inordinate drug/alcohol consumption. Self-poisoning by overdose predominated, with benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and non-narcotic analgesics being most common. A sex-linked difference in choice of method was evident. Adjustment disorders with depressed mood associated with interpersonal problems with a key person, substance abuse and social problems, and affective disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. Increased subintentional parasuicide numbers were found. Results are discussed in terms of the implications these findings have for a clearer understanding of parasuicidal behaviour.
Child Custody Decisions: How Legal and Mental Health Professionals View the Concept of ‘Best Interests of the Child’
Authors: Lambiase E.A.A. , Cumes J.W.
Published: March 2013

Close scrutiny of legal precedents and psychological literature has revealed significant differences in the views of legal and mental health professionals regarding the major criteria used in custody decisions. This article carries the investigation further and considers empirically the responses to the criteria of these two groups of professionals in South Africa. Findings show subtle but significant differences between them, particularly with regard to the ‘child’ dimension of the ‘best interests’ concept. The implications for mental health professionals in their evaluation of custody cases, and in their giving of testimony, are underscored.
Sex Differences in Adolescent Mathematics Behaviour
Authors: Visser Delene
Published: March 2013

This study concerns the explanation of sex differences that typically occur from adolescence onwards and favour males in achievement and participation in mathematics. In the absence of conclusive biological evidence, social, emotional, and attitudinal factors were investigated in this regard. The subjects were 1 605 Afrikaans-speaking Std 5 and Std 7 students and 2 506 of their parents. Cognitive measures included mathematics achievement and several aptitude tests. Also measured were attitudinal variables such as confidence and enjoyment of mathematics, perception of the attitudes of significant others towards self, personal and general usefulness of mathematics, and the stereotyping of mathematics. For Std 7 students, but not for Std 5 students, significant differences favouring males were found in spatial abilities and several attitudinal variables. The intention to continue participation in mathematics was accurately predicted by attitudinal variables in the case of Std 7 females, but not males.
Stress and the Industrial Relations Process: Development of the Industrial Relations Event Scale
Authors: Bluen Stephen D. , Barling Julian
Published: March 2013

Although organizational stress has been the focus of much attention, there is a paucity of research on the stress associated with involvement in industrial relations. This article outlines the development of the Industrial Relations Event Scale (IRES), a measure designed to assess stressful events associated with the practice of industrial relations. The format of the IRES allows for the measurement of the occurrence, desirability, and perceived impact of each item. Test – retest reliability and internal consistency are satisfactory. The IRES also shows acceptable concurrent and known-group difference validity. A 20-item short form of the IRES was developed, with similar psychometric properties to the 63-item IRES. Future research priorities for the IRES and industrial relations stress in general are identified.
The Prediction of Violence
Authors: Duckitt John H.
Published: March 2013

Behaviour prediction is an important applied goal of psychology and the prediction of violent behaviour, in particular, has attracted considerable attention. Although the ability of mental health professionals to predict violence adequately was widely accepted till the late 1960s, a number of important studies then seemed to establish irrefutably the conclusion that clinical assessments of dangerousness, or violence proneness, were hopelessly inaccurate. Renewed attempts to predict violent behaviour, particularly in criminal populations, however, have recently culminated in the development of empirically based actuarial systems, which have shown a dramatically improved capacity to predict violent behaviour. These systems have already begun to have important impacts on parole and institutional classification policies. It is argued that these new systems involve not merely a methodological, but also an important conceptual shift in the enterprise of violence prediction, and that actuarial strategies may have been unjustifiably neglected by psychologists. Some suggestions for the integration of such actuarial approaches with contemporary theoretical developments in personality and social psychology are discussed.
Reliability of Form A of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) for Indian South African Subjects
Authors: Balkisson Bernard A.
Published: March 2013

The test—retest method, with an average interval of 72 days, was used to examine the reliability of Form A of the EPI on 72 Indian South African Std 9 high school girls (mean age = 16,928 years) and 70 Std 9 high school boys (mean age = 17,296 years). Reliability coefficients were calculated for the E, N, and L scales for boys, girls, and the sexes combined. The reliabilities were acceptable for all groups, with the lowest coefficient being 0,715, suggesting that Form A of the EPI is reliable for use with Indian South African 15–18-year old subjects.
Township unrest: Development of the Township Life Events Scale
Authors: Bluen Stephen D. , Odesnik Jacqueline
Published: March 2013

Although unrest is becoming increasingly prevalent in South African townships, there is a paucity of psychological research on the subject. The present article outlines the development of the 42-item Township Life Events Scale (TLES), a measure designed to assess the incidence and impact of township unrest. Internal and temporal consistency are satisfactory. The TLES also shows acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Future research priorities for the TLES and the impact of unrest on workplace behaviour in general are identified.
More About Môre: The Future of Psychology from 2015 Onwards
Authors: Mann J.W. , Tyson G.A.
Published: March 2013

A decade after a study of predictions about the future of psychology, student predictions are elicited again. This time, the predictions are made by psychology students who are either beginners or in their final year. The two groups differ little in their forecasts. Jointly, the students incline to defer the occurrence of events until 2025 at the earliest. Lack of knowledge or wishful thinking seem to explain many of the forecasts.
The Relevance of Personal Domain Satisfaction for the Quality of Life in South Africa
Authors: Møller Valerie
Published: March 2013

South African psychologists have identified the improvement of quality of life as a major goal of the 1980s. This paper reviews the impact of satisfaction with personal aspects of life on perceived well-being. The results of an exploratory study of South African quality of life conducted among 5 587 individuals of all population groups are discussed. Findings confirm the salience of the personal domain and the positive influence of personal satisfactions on subjective well-being. However, results of regression analyses suggest that the relative contribution of satisfactions in the personal domain is too low to play a major role in improving the quality of life of all South Africans in the longer term.
Opleiding van opvoedkundige sielkundiges vir die bevordering van geestesgesondheid in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Kriegler S.M.
Published: March 2013

Sielkundiges speel 'n uiters beperkte rol in prioriteitsbesluitnemingsprosesse en die bevordering van geestesgesondheid in die gemeenskap. In 'n land wat gekenmerk word deur sosio-ekonomiese en tegnologiese ontwikkelingsuiterstes en afstuur op dramatiese politieke veranderings en 'n moontlike geestesgesondheidskrisis, moet die sielkunde in die algemeen en die opvoedkundige sielkunde in die besonder deurslaggewende besluite neem rakende professionele rolverruiming, meer toepaslike intervensiemodelle en statutêre aanpassings. Opvoedkundige intervensiemodelle en vaardighede moet die ontoepaslike en koste-oneffektiewe, individuele, kuratiewe mediese model aanvul as die maatskaplike relevansie van die professie bewys wil word deur betrokkenheid by gemeenskapsontwikkeling, primêre voorkoming en nie-formele en informele onderwysprogramme. Die Suid-Afrikaanse opvoedkundige sielkunde staan vandag voor die enorme uitdaging om beroepslui op te lei wat onmisbare lede van môre se geestes-gesondheidspan sal wees. Die implikasie hiervan is 'n herstrukturering van bestaande opleidingsmodelle, doelwitte en inhoude en moontlik ook van die hiërargie van professionele registrasiekategorieë soos dit tans daar uitsien.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Children's Cognitive Maps
Authors: Grieve Kate W. , van Staden Fred J.
Published: March 2013

This cross-cultural study was designed to investigate children's development of spatial representation as measured by the sketch map technique (cognitive mapping). The sample ( N = 526) consisted of white, black, Asian and coloured South Africans of both sexes varying in age from 5 to 13 years. The maps were assessed according to a Piagetian constructivist framework and the quality of accompanying verbal descriptions was evaluated. The sketch maps differed in terms of age but not race, gender or socio-economic status. Evaluative verbal descriptions were provided by more girls than boys and by more white subjects than black subjects. The developmental trends shown were similar to those described in the existing literature.
Self-Acceptance and Acceptance of Others An Afrikaans Version of the Berger Scales
Authors: Bergemann Niels
Published: March 2013

In the context of the increasing relevance of self-concept research, this study was concerned with the development of an Afrikaans version of Berger's (1952) Questionnaire for Assessing Self-Acceptance and Acceptance of Others, and with aspects of the validation of these scales. The scales, developed in the USA, were translated into Afrikaans and were tested on a sample of 219 college students. The questionnaire was reduced by means of item and factor analysis which resulted in a reduced Afrikaans version with 31 items, 21 for assessing Self-Acceptance, and 10 for the Acceptance of Others scale. The internal homogeneity of both scales was examined by an NMDS. The external validity of both scales was verified by considering them in relation to the scales of the EPI. Possible further applications of the Berger scales were discussed.
Die digotiese stimuleringstegniek en funksionele hemisferiese asimmetrie: evaluering van perseptuele, aandags- en geheuemodelle
Authors: Wissing Marié P.
Published: March 2013

Die laterale responsasimmetrie wat ná digotiese stimulering blyk, is op verskeie maniere verklaar. Dieselfde verklaringskonsepte as wat na aanleiding van bevindinge in die ouditiewe modaliteit geformuleer is, is sonder sistematiese en omvattende evaluering oorgeneem ter verklaring van soortgelyke asimmetrieë in die visuele, taktiele en motoriese modaliteite. In hierdie studie is die vyf mees algemene verklaringsmodelle geïdentifiseer, toetsbare afleidings daaruit gemaak en kernkonstrukte in 'n multifaktoriaalontwerp geoperasionaliseer met die oog op die evaluering van die relatiewe toereikendheid van hierdie modelle. 'n Digotiese syfertoets en vier digotiese woordtoetse is saamgestel. In laasgenoemde is fonologiese en semantiese veranderlikes gemanipuleer. Hierdie toetse is aan 64 persone met hoogs waarskynlike linkerhemisfeerspraaklokalisering onder verskillende aandags- en geheuekondisies gegee. Die oororde en lateraliteit, asook die kanaal van rapportering en moeilikheidsgraad van die taak is sistematies gekontroleer. Die response is op drie wyses nagesien. Toetsing vir betekenisvolle verskille is gedoen. By sowel die syfertoets as die woordtoetse is 'n betekenisvolle regteroorsuperioriteit verkry. Die mate van asimmetrie is nie konsekwent beter by bepaalde vlakke van spesifieke faktore soos deur die differensiële verklaringsmodelle voorspel nie, maar enkele betekenisvolle interaksies tussen veranderlikes kom voor. Die resultate steun die algemene funksionele hemisferiese asimmetriemodel en falsifieer die orde-effekgeheuemodel. Die differensiële geheue-, aandags- en persepsie(moeilikheidsgraad-)modelle blyk ontoereikend te wees ter verklaring van die responsasimmetrieë, maar aandags-, geheue-, en taakmoeilikheidsfaktore asook die interaksie tussen hierdie prosesse speel wel onder bepaalde kondisies 'n rol in die bepaling van die relatiewe grootte van die asimmetrie.
Audio-Psycho-Phonology at Potchefstroom: A Review
Authors: van Jaarsveld Pieter E. , du Plessis Wynand F.
Published: March 2013

Audio-psycho-phonology (APP) has been hailed by some critics as refreshingly new, dynamic, pioneering and revolutionary, whilst others question the theoretical principles and the therapeutic approach, inter alia, because of the strong accent on clinical observations and the lack of rigorous empirical backing. This article presents a short outline of the Tomatis APP approach as well as an overview of eight empirical studies conducted in South Africa on topics such as laterality, stuttering, anxiety, and the application of the technique to the severely mentally retarded. The studies indicate positive effects, such as improved self-control, self-concept, interpersonal relations and achievement functioning. However, identified methodological deficiencies limit the degree to which the gains can be attributed to the APP approach alone. Finally, the authors propose the adoption of a research strategy that is more likely to identify, and produce an understanding of the strategies, agents and mechanisms by which different elements of the APP approach produce their results.
Things Fall Apart? Psychological Theory in the Context of Rapid Social Change
Authors: Gilbert Andrew
Published: March 2013

It is argued that a number of discontinuities occur when psychology is practised in an environment different from that out of which it emerged – when it moves from the First World into the Third. In the words of Achebe ‘Things fall apart.’ These dislocations stem from the frequent failure to articulate the relationship between individual and social change. Two causes for this failure are explored: the absence of constructs in most models of psychology for dealing with the process of change, and difficulties in defining the construct of culture. An adequate psychological theory of behaviour in the context of social change must explicate the relationship between the individual and society in terms of social action. A theoretical framework that specifies this relationship, and which provides a context for understanding behaviour in the context of rapid social change is proposed. It is based on a conception of humans as self-reflexive beings and a definition of culture as a set of control mechanisms. It also draws on the advances made by the Soviet socio-historical school of psychology. The analysis is concluded with an interpretation of Achebe's novel, based upon the proposed theoretical framework.
An Epistemological View of Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Some Perspectives and Implications for Future Knowledge Development
Authors: Pietersen H.J.
Published: March 2013

The epistemological nature of science and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology is considered against the backdrop of scientific divergence and fragmentation, and the consequent need for theory development and knowledge integration. Two basic epistemologies, related to traditions of thought in western science, are identified, namely, the analytic and synthetic modes of knowledge. With the aid of a number of sensitizing concepts such as scope of knowledge, process of knowledge development and time-perspective of knowledge, the epistemological characteristics and preferences encountered in I/O psychology are discussed in some detail. The major conclusion is that the discipline is clearly operating within the classic (analytic or positivist) mode of scientific endeavour. The most important implication for future knowledge development is co-equivalence of both analytic (differentiative) and synthetic (integrative) modes of knowledge and related methods, which should be regarded in a dialectical manner. This is postulated as necessary in order to escape the threat of becoming a technological fragment of a science, tied to a one-sided epistemology.
Modelling Information Search Behaviour of Car Purchasers
Authors: Du Plessis Phillip J. , Greenacre Michael J.
Published: March 2013

The objective in the study was to establish whether there was any relationship between certain information usage categories and four selected predictor variables namely (1) new or used car purchase, (2) other-than-white or white buyer, (3) male or female, and (4) first-time buyer or experienced buyer. Certain external sources of information (non-market dominated and market dominated) which are available to the buyer of a car and the development of a model of the probability of buyers using the source are investigated. The technique of ordinal logistic regression is assumed to be the appropriate modelling tool in this study where the response variables of interest are ordinal.
Research on Cross-Cultural Counselling and Psychotherapy: Implications for the South African Context
Authors: Hickson Joyce , Christie Grania M.
Published: March 2013

Training programmes in cross-cultural competencies have focused on the three interrelated areas of knowledge, awareness and skills. Cross-cultural theorists have found that many Third World clients experience the values of counselling to be inconsistent with their life experiences. Owing to the influence of western variables which operate as potential sources of conflict such clients also often view therapy as an unknown, mystifying process. A major implication of the article is that because of the mismatch between western psychology theory and a Third World environment, the theory and practice of psychology in South Africa may be said to reflect the therapist's encapsulation and lack of cross-cultural competencies. Such competencies are of significance for facilitating a meaningful therapeutic encounter and for the subsequent delivery of relevant psychological services.
Household Density, Family Size and the Growth and Development of Black Children — A Cross-Sectional Study from Infancy to Middle Childhood
Authors: Richter Linda M.
Published: March 2013

The relationship between household density, family size (number of children) and the physical growth and psychological development of more than 1000 black children between two months and 10 years of age was examined. The results indicated that household density was not linearly related to family size or socioeconomic status, as the housing shortage forces most families to share accommodation. Higher household density was found to be related to smaller growth among children from the beginning of their third year of life, and both higher household density and increased family size were found to be related to lower scores on the developmental measures from six years of age onwards. While household density levels were found to remain constant across the age span represented by the sample, household and family structures underwent several changes, including increased nuclearization. In general, household density measures did not yield data relating to important changes in the interpersonal environment of growing children in black townships.
Human—Environment Relations within the Prison Context: Application of the Person—Environment Congruence Concept to Rehabilitation
Authors: Fryer Marina
Published: March 2013

Of the literature reviewed, most research studies on person—environment were specifically conducted within the contexts of school, work and health care. Little research in this regard has been undertaken within the prison context. Moreover, the person—environment congruence concept has, as yet, only been linked to rehabilitation in health care settings. One of the major aims of imprisonment, namely, rehabilitation has been criticized for largely failing in its aim. The use of transactional classification was proposed in an attempt to improve rehabilitation through application of the person—environment congruence concept within the prison setting.
Neuropsychological Assessment: Problems in Evaluating the Higher Mental Functioning of Zulu-Speaking People Using Traditional Western Techniques
Authors: Tollman S.G. , Msengana N.B.
Published: March 2013

Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI), developed for the west by Christensen, has been adapted for Zulu-speaking individuals. A team consisting of psychologists and linguists of both cultures was found to be a necessary requirement for the adaptation. Differences in culture, language and education confounded the interpretation of behavioural responses. These problems have implications for all psychological assessments.
A Systems View of Chronic Illness and its Management
Authors: Lindegger Graham C. , Bosman Paula
Published: March 2013

General systems theory is proposed as a framework for understanding chronic illness, and for intervention in chronic illness. It is suggested that chronic illness needs to be understood as a particular type of unhealth system. Various components of the unhealth system are described including disease, illness, sickness and illness behaviour, and applied to an understanding of chronic illness. The personal and temporal or developmental aspects of chronic illness are also described. The implications and value of a systems theory view of chronic illness are discussed and illustrated with two case demonstrations.
Stress and the Part-Time Student: Work Factors Associated with Failure Rate
Authors: Snelgar R.J.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between four variables, namely, role ambiguity, role conflict, the resultant stress, and failure rate of the working part-time student. All variables were significantly and positively intercorrelated, with highest correlations between failure rate, stress and ambiguity. The positive correlation between role conflict and failure rate lost significance when stress and role ambiguity were partialled out. Results suggest that a higher failure rate is associated with high work stress and high role ambiguity.
Salient Group Labels
Authors: Mann J.W.
Published: March 2013

Subjects in Study 1 had to estimate how successfully an error in a group label (French, Nigerian, brown, friendly or ‘Wallonian’) was detected. Markedly high estimates were elicited by Nigerian and ‘Wallonian’. Study 2 estimators had to guess what word was successfully detected as erroneous by a specified percentage of subjects. Only one out of 320 guesses was that the word was a racial or national label. Certain group labels were especially noticeable; but group labels did not dominate cognitions.