bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ankle and knee extensor muscle effort during locomotion in young and older athletes: Implications for understanding age-related locomotor decline
Authors: Kulmala Juha-Pekka , Korhonen Marko T. , Ruggiero Luca , Kuitunen Sami , Suominen Harri , Heinonen Ari , Mikkola Aki , Avela Janne
Published: February 2020

Age-related reduction in muscle force generation capacity is similarly evident across different lower limb muscle groups, yet decline in locomotor performance with age has been shown to depend primarily on reduced ankle extensor muscle function. To better understand why ageing has the largest detrimental effect on ankle joint function during locomotion, we examined maximal ankle and knee extensor force development during a two-leg hopping test in older and young men, and used these forces as a reference to calculate relative operating efforts for the knee and ankle extensors as participants walked, ran and sprinted. We found that, across locomotion modes in both age groups, ankle extensors operated at a greater relative effort compared to knee extensors; however, slightly less pronounced differences between ankle and knee extensor muscle efforts were present among older men, mainly due to a reduction in the ankle extensor force generation during locomotion modes. We consider these findings as evidence that reduced ankle push-off function in older age is driven by a tendency to keep ankle extensor effort during locomotion lower than it would otherwise be, which, in turn, may be an important self-optimisation strategy to prevent locomotor-induced fatigue of ankle extensor muscles.
Case-control design identifies ecological drivers of endemic coral diseases
Authors: Caldwell Jamie M. , Aeby Greta , Heron Scott F. , Donahue Megan J.
Published: February 2020

Endemic disease transmission is an important ecological process that is challenging to study because of low occurrence rates. Here, we investigate the ecological drivers of two coral diseases–growth anomalies and tissue loss–affecting five coral species. We first show that a statistical framework called the case-control study design, commonly used in epidemiology but rarely applied to ecology, provided high predictive accuracy (67–82%) and disease detection rates (60–83%) compared with a traditional statistical approach that yielded high accuracy (98–100%) but low disease detection rates (0–17%). Using this framework, we found evidence that 1) larger corals have higher disease risk; 2) shallow reefs with low herbivorous fish abundance, limited water motion, and located adjacent to watersheds with high fertilizer and pesticide runoff promote low levels of growth anomalies, a chronic coral disease; and 3) wave exposure, stream exposure, depth, and low thermal stress are associated with tissue loss disease risk during interepidemic periods. Variation in risk factors across host-disease pairs suggests that either different pathogens cause the same gross lesions in different species or that the same disease may arise in different species under different ecological conditions.
Genomic monitoring to understand the emergence and spread of Usutu virus in the Netherlands, 2016–2018
Authors: Oude Munnink B. Bas , Münger E. , Nieuwenhuijse D. F. , Kohl R. , van der Linden A. , Schapendonk C. M. E. , van der Jeugd H. , Kik M. , Rijks J. M. , Reusken C. B. E. M. , Koopmans M.
Published: February 2020

Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in Western Europe that causes die-offs of mainly common blackbirds (Turdus merula). In the Netherlands, USUV was first detected in 2016, when it was identified as the likely cause of an outbreak in birds. In this study, dead blackbirds were collected, screened for the presence of USUV and submitted to Nanopore-based sequencing. Genomic sequences of 112 USUV were obtained and phylogenetic analysis showed that most viruses identified belonged to the USUV Africa 3 lineage, and molecular clock analysis evaluated their most recent common ancestor to 10 to 4 years before first detection of USUV in the Netherlands. USUV Europe 3 lineage, commonly found in Germany, was less frequently detected. This analyses further suggest some extent of circulation of USUV between the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium, as well as likely overwintering of USUV in the Netherlands.
Characteristics of Trocar Site Hernia after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Nofal Mohammad Nibih , Yousef Ali Jad , Hamdan Farouq Fakhri , Oudat Ahmad Hisham
Published: February 2020

Trocar site hernia (TSH) is an incisional hernia occurring at the trocar insertion sites after different types of laparoscopic surgeries. The aim of this study is to present characteristics of patient and surgery series with trocar site hernia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 2930 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in two major university- affiliated hospitals from April 2014 to March 2018 and the patient followed up for variable periods of time. Retrospective medical chart review to study trocar site hernia including patient, operation, instruments, and pathologic characteristics described. Six patients had trocar site hernia (incidence 0.20%), the hernias occurred mostly at the umbilical port site after using 10 mm trocar. Risk factors included mainly obesity, female gender and use of 10 mm trocars at midline sites. TSH is more described. It occurs mostly at the umbilical port site. Major risk factors include obesity, diabetes mellitus, lengthy procedure, extension of entry site, and wound infection. Closure of fascial defect is supposed to reduce the incidence despite weak evidence.
Transfusion Challenges in Patients with Hematological Malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective Observational Study from the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Ddungu Henry , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Kajja Isaac , Naluzze Sandra , Nabbanja Hanifah , Nalubwama Flavia , Phipps Warren , Orem Jackson , Wald Anna , Kiwanuka Noah
Published: February 2020

Blood transfusion is fundamental in managing hematologic malignancies. We sought to evaluate the need and availability of blood products for patients with hematological malignancies at Uganda Cancer Institute. We prospectively studied the demand and supply of blood for patients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤50 × 109/L), anemia (hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL), and bleeding (WHO grade ≥2). We used Poisson generalized estimating equation regression models for longitudinal binary outcomes. Among 91 patients, the median age was 26 years (IQR, 11–47). Thrombocytopenia occurred on ≥1 day in 58% of patients and on 49% of hospital days. Platelets were transfused to 39% of patients. The mean number of platelet units requested per day was 16.2 (range 0–30); 5.1 (range 0–15) were received. Anemia occurred on ≥1 day in 90% of patients; on 78% of days; and 68% received at least one blood transfusion. The mean number of blood units requested was 36.3 (range 8–57) units per day; 14 (range 0–30) were received. Bleeding occurred on ≥1 day in 19% of patients on 8% of hospital days. Thrombocytopenia and anemia were common, but product availability was substantially below that requested. We recommend increased blood collection and adherence to strict transfusion triggers as strategies to improve blood availability.
One year structural and functional glaucoma progression after trabeculectomy
Authors: Chua Jacqueline , Kadziauskienė Aistė , Wong Damon , Ašoklis Rimvydas , Lesinskas Eugenijus , Quang Nguyen Duc , Chong Rachel , Tan Bingyao , Girard Michaël J. A. , Mari Jean Martial , Crowston Jonathan G. , Aung Tin , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: February 2020

We evaluated the changes in visual field mean deviation (VF MD) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy. One hundred patients were examined with VF and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before trabeculectomy and 4 follow-up visits over one year. Linear mixed models were used to investigate factors associated with VF and RNFL. VF improved during the first 3 months of follow-up (2.55 ± 1.06 dB/year) and worsened at later visits (−1.14 ± 0.29 dB/year). RNFL thickness reduced by −4.21 ± 0.25 µm/year from 1st month of follow-up. Eyes with an absence of initial VF improvement (β = 0.64; 0.30–0.98), RNFL thinning (β = 0.15; 0.08–0.23), increasing intraocular pressure (IOP; β = −0.11; −0.18 to −0.03) and severe glaucoma (β = −10.82; −13.61 to −8.02) were associated with VF deterioration. Eyes with VF deterioration (β = 0.19; 0.08–0.29), increasing IOP (β = −0.09; −0.17 to −0.01), and moderate (β = −6.33; −12.17 to −0.49) or severe glaucoma (β = −19.58; −24.63 to −14.52) were associated with RNFL thinning. Changes in RNFL structure and function occur over a 1-year follow-up period after trabeculectomy. Early VF improvement is more likely to occur in patients with mild/moderate glaucoma, whereas those with severe glaucoma show greater decline over one year. Our findings indicate that progression is observable using OCT, even in late-stage glaucoma.
Phosphorus-solubilizing Trichoderma spp. from Amazon soils improve soybean plant growth
Authors: Bononi Laura , Chiaramonte Josiane Barros , Pansa Camila Cristiane , Moitinho Marta Alves , Melo Itamar Soares
Published: February 2020

Acidic soils rapidly retain applied phosphorus fertilizers and consequently present low availability of this nutrient to plants. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to help plant phosphorus (P) absorption is a promising sustainable strategy for managing P deficiencies in agricultural soils. Trichoderma strains have been one of the most studied filamentous fungi for improving the production and development of several crop species mainly due to their capability for symbiotic associations and their ability to control soil-borne plant diseases. Thus, this work sought to bioprospect Trichoderma strains from the Amazon rainforest capable of solubilizing/mineralizing soil phosphate and promoting soybean growth. Soybean plants inoculated with selected Trichoderma strains were cultivated in soil under greenhouse conditions and under a gradient of rock phosphate and triple superphosphate. As a result, 19.5% of the isolated Trichoderma strains were able to solubilize phosphate. In addition, those strains produced different organic acids during the solubilization process. Trichoderma spp. strains showed positive responses in the promotion of soybean growth—from 2.1% to 41.1%—as well as in the efficiency of P uptake-up to 141%. These results reveal the potential of Trichoderma spp. from the Amazon biome as promising biofertilizer agents.
Hydrothermal conversion of beef cattle manure can enhance energy recovery in confined feedlots
Authors: Posmanik Roy , Darzi Ran , Glicksberg Refael , Shabtay Ariel , Cohen-Zinder Miri
Published: February 2020

A novel engineering perspective on the ability of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to enhance resource recovery and maximize energy return in beef cattle feedlots.
DIALib: an automated ion library generator for data independent acquisition mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and glycopeptides
Authors: Phung Toan K. , Zacchi Lucia F. , Schulz Benjamin L.
Published: February 2020

Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) Mass Spectrometry (MS) workflows allow unbiased measurement of all detectable peptides from complex proteomes, but require ion libraries for interrogation of peptides of interest.
Autophagic stress; a new cellular response to nanoparticles. Could it be a new strategy for inhibition of liver cancer cell invasion and metastasis?
Authors: Pilapong Chalermchai , Phatruengdet Thipjutha , Krungchanuchat Saowalak
Published: February 2020

The autophagic stress induced by Fe–TA NPs is capable of reducing liver cancer cell migration and invasion. This would be a new tactic to treat liver cancer.
MacrocyclizationviaC–H functionalization: a new paradigm in macrocycle synthesis
Authors: Sengupta Saumitra , Mehta Goverdhan
Published: February 2020

The emergence and applications of the C–H activation logic as a new paradigm in macrocyclization reactions are captured in this review.
Fully transient electrochemical testing strips for eco-friendly point of care testing
Authors: Tu Tingting , Liang Bo , Cao Qingpeng , Fang Lu , Zhu Qin , Cai Yu , Ye Xuesong
Published: February 2020

Transient electrochemical strips with in-time degradability offer possibility for eco-friendly POCT detection.
High-poly-aluminum chloride sulfate coagulants and their coagulation performances for removal of humic acid
Authors: Wu Zhen , Zhang Xian , Pang Jinglin , Li Juan , Li Jiding , Zhang Panyue
Published: February 2020

Effect of aging time of HPACS on HA removal (with a minimum absolute deviation of 5%).
Determining the sequence and backbone structure of “semi-statistical” copolymers as donor–acceptor polymers in organic solar cells
Authors: Lawton Samuel S. , Warr Daniel , Perdigão Luís M. A. , Chang Yujing , Pron Agnieszka , Costantini Giovanni , Haddleton David M.
Published: February 2020

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are attracting significant attention due to the growing demand for economically viable and renewable energy sources.
Apollonian packing in polydisperse emulsions
Authors: Kwok Sylvie , Botet Robert , Sharpnack Lewis , Cabane Bernard
Published: February 2020

Random Apollonian packing of extremely polydisperse oil droplets created through coalescence-fragmentation in high internal-phase-ratio emulsions (HIPE).
Size dependent droplet interfacial tension and surfactant transport in liquid–liquid systems, with applications in shipboard oily bilgewater emulsions
Authors: Chen Yun , Dutcher Cari S.
Published: February 2020

Dynamic interfacial tension of droplets with surfactants is measured and investigated to understand bilgewater emulsion stability.
Spontaneous particle desorption and “Gorgon” drop formation from particle-armored oil drops upon cooling
Authors: Cholakova Diana , Valkova Zhulieta , Tcholakova Slavka , Denkov Nikolai , Binks Bernard P.
Published: February 2020

We study how the phenomenon of drop “self-shaping“, in which oily drops undergo a spontaneous series of shape transformation on colling, is affected by the presence of adsorbed solid particles, like those in Pickering emulsions.
Cell-mimic polymersome-shielded islets for long-term immune protection of neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ouk , Lee Sang Hoon , Na Woonsung , Lim Jong-Woo , Park Geunseon , Park Chaewon , Lee Hwunjae , Kang Aram , Haam Seungjoo , Choi Inho , Kang Jung-Taek , Song Daesub
Published: February 2020

A PSome-shielded NPCC is achieved by binding the surface amine group of NPCCs and various functional groups of the PSome. The coating utilizes interaction of the NPCC surface and PSomes that have covalent bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Also, PSomes coated NPCCs have selective permeability necessary for NPCC survival, function and immune protection.
Structural rigidity accelerates quantum decoherence and extends carrier lifetime in porphyrin nanoballs: a time domain atomistic simulation
Authors: Sarkar Ritabrata , Habib Md , Kar Moumita , Pramanik Anup , Pal Sougata , Sarkar Pranab
Published: February 2020

Structural rigidity assists to weaken the NA electron–phonon coupling, shorten the quantum coherence and thus suppress the dynamics of electron–hole recombination.
Hierarchical self-assembly of patchy colloidal platelets
Authors: Karner Carina , Dellago Christoph , Bianchi Emanuela
Published: February 2020

The patch arrangement determines the prevalence of micelles over chains as well as the geometrical shape of the forming micelles.
Simulation and practice of particle inertial focusing in 3D-printed serpentine microfluidic chips via commercial 3D-printers
Authors: Yin Pengju , Zhao Lei , Chen Zezhou , Jiao Zhiqiang , Shi Hongyan , Hu Bo , Yuan Shifang , Tian Jie
Published: February 2020

Inertial microfluidic chips were fabricated using commercial 3D-printers and the particle focusing was implemented in channels.
Temperature stable Li2Ti0.75(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.25O3-based microwave dielectric ceramics with low sintering temperature and ultra-low dielectric loss for dielectric resonator antenna applications
Authors: Guo Huan-Huan , Zhou Di , Du Chao , Wang Peng-Jian , Liu Wen-Feng , Pang Li-Xia , Wang Qiu-Ping , Su Jin-Zhan , Singh Charanjeet , Trukhanov Sergei
Published: February 2020

The LTMN0.25 + 1 wt% 0.6CuO–0.4B2O3 ceramic with low sintering temperature, small density and excellent performance have wide application prospects in 5G devices.
Skeleton‐based attention‐aware spatial–temporal model for action detection and recognition
Authors: Cui Ran , Zhu Aichun , Wu Jingran , Hua Gang
Published: February 2020

Action detection and recognition are popular subjects of research in the field of computer vision. The task of action detection can be regarded as the sum of action location and recognition. Action features described by using information concerning the human skeleton have the advantages of robustness against external factors and requiring a small amount of calculation. This study proposes a skeleton‐based action analysis model based on a recurrent neural network framework. The model learns action features by modelling static and dynamic features of skeleton joints and the importance of different video frames by introducing an attention module. For action location, conditional random field loss function is introduced to establish the context dependency of output labels. In the aspect of action recognition, the hierarchical training mechanism with triple loss models action features at coarse‐grained and fine‐grained levels. The authors’ proposed method delivers state‐of‐the‐art results on action location and recognition tasks.
Localisation and permittivity extraction of an embedded cylinder using decomposition of the time reversal operator
Authors: Omrani Adel , Moghadasi Mahdi , Dehmollaian Mojtaba
Published: February 2020

In this study, first, the problem of time reversal imaging of an embedded dielectric or metallic cylinder inside another dielectric cylinder is studied. The direct problem is carried out numerically using the finite‐element method. The background dyadic Green function (DGF) is computed analytically by computing radiated fields of an infinitesimal electric dipole near an infinitely long dielectric cylinder. The time reversal technique is then applied using this background DGF to image the embedded cylinder. Results demonstrate that while using a free‐space DGF for imaging yields erroneous results, by employing a proper background DGF, the scatterer inside the cylinder is correctly localised. Next, the authors extract permittivities in two different scenarios with two different techniques. In the first case, the permittivity of a background cylinder that contains a metallic cylinder inside it is extracted by calculating the image entropy. In the second case, the permittivity of an embedded cylinder inside a priori known background dielectric cylinder is estimated by a new method based on an optimisation and evaluation of the largest eigenvalues of the multistatic data matrices. The proposed techniques are then verified using simulated and measured data. For measurements, a newly developed combined tapered sectorial antenna is designed, fabricated, and characterised.
RFID over low cost VCSEL‐based MMF links: experimental demonstration and distortion study
Authors: Vieira Luis Carlos , Gomes Nathan J. , Batchelor John C. , Nkansah Anthony , Assimakopoulos Philippos , Ziai Mohamad A.
Published: February 2020

Radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) distributed antenna system (DAS) technology has been investigated for the distribution of ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) signals. RoF DAS allows for reduced number of readers and centralised placement of readers which facilitates easy system maintenance, but it is important to find a low‐cost solution that can achieve comparable performance to a conventional RFID system. In this work, a low‐cost vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL)‐based multimode fibre (MMF) link has been developed and demonstrated for passive UHF RFID applications. The reported results show almost the same performance when compared with a conventional RFID system. In addition, simple spatial antenna diversity schemes are tested, with improved performance reported in comparison with an RFID‐RoF system without diversity. Also, an investigation of RFID over fibre with RoF non‐linearity is carried out showing that phase‐reversal amplitude shift keying (PR‐ASK) RFID modulation allows for higher levels of RF carrier and modulated signal power than the ASK RFID, for low levels of non‐linearity.
Electroreduction of CO2 by Ni sites on nitrogen‐doped carbon aerogels from glucose
Authors: Yang Leyu , Sun Zhiyan , Huang Li , Wang Xin , Li Chunhui
Published: February 2020

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction has offered a promising route for managing the global carbon balance, but presents challenges because of the lack of highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalyst. Compared with the dispersity of metal active sites, the porous structure of the substrate is more significant for the catalytic performance and the design and fabrication of substrate are often the key points and difficulties for electrocatalysts. Herein a facile method to disperse Ni active sites on nitrogen‐doped carbon aerogels with high surface area and porosity is reported. Firstly, hydrophilic polysaccharides were prepared by the hydrothermal process of glucose, followed by ultrasonic mixing with Ni complex and melamine. Secondly, calcination was used to increase the surface area and conductivity of the freeze‐dried mixture. The Ni/N‐C catalyst exhibited good activity with a Faradaic efficiency for CO production of about 95% and a current density of ∼8 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 750 mV. The result presents helpful guidelines for the rational design and accurate modulation of low‐cost and efficient catalysts.
Schilddrüsensonografie – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Iwen Alexander
Published: February 2020

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine alterations. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland is a rapid and radiation-free method, adding important information to a patient’s medical history, physical examination, and laboratory results. This article describes a practical approach to an ultrasound examination in a step by step manner. The most important findings and most common causes of thyroid disorders are discussed on the basis of typical images.
Ernährung des Intensivpatienten: Herausforderung bei besonderen Patientengruppen
Authors: Hill Aileen , Stoppe Christian , Elke Gunnar , Marx Gernot
Published: February 2020

Die Ernährungstherapie des einzelnen Intensivpatienten stellt im klinischen Alltag oft eine Herausforderung dar: Nicht nur die Schwere der akuten Erkrankung – auch das Alter, Komorbiditäten, Ernährungszustand und der erwartete Verlauf sind zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt basierend auf nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien die zurzeit empfohlene Ernährungstherapie für verschiedene Patientengruppen in der Intensivmedizin.
Schwere Metformin-assoziierte Laktatazidose bei einem 67-jährigen Patienten
Authors: Rattka Manuel , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Keßler Mirjam
Published: February 2020

Die Metformin-assoziierte Laktatazidose (MALA) stellt eine oft schwer zu diagnostizierende lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung dar. Wir berichten über einen seltenen und sehr schweren MALA-Fall mit intensivmedizinischem Aufenthalt. Die zeitnahe Verdachtsdiagnose und schnelle adäquate Therapie, unter anderem mittels Einsatz von Nierenersatzverfahren, führte zum erfolgreichen Management mit gutem Ausgang für den Patienten.
Validierung des Fragebogens „Sources of Occupational Stress
in Firefighters & Paramedics (SOOS-11)“
Authors: Kleine Berit , Kröger Christoph
Published: February 2020

Bislang existiert kein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Ermittlung von
einsatzbezogener Belastung bei Mitgliedern der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr (MFF). Das
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Evaluation des Sources of Occupational
Stress in Firefighters & Paramedics (SOOS-11). In Zusammenarbeit mit der
Feuerwehr-Unfallkasse Niedersachsen wurden MFF zu 3 verschiedenen
Messzeitpunkten (MZP) befragt. Beim ersten MZP (November 2016–Februar
2017) handelte es sich um eine Fragebogenerhebung, die diverse
Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente umfasste (N=475). Am zweiten MZP (Mai 2017
– November 2017) nahmen N = 117 MFF (davon n=55 vom
ersten MZP) an einem Interview teil, das die Module des Strukturierten
Klinischen Interviews für DSM-IV (SKID-I; Wittchen, Wunderlich,
Gruschwitz & Zaudig, 1997) zur Erfassung einer Depression und
Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung beinhaltete. Im Zuge des dritten MZP
(November 2017–Mai 2018) wurden von einer Teilstichprobe des zweiten MZP
(n=58) verschiedene Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente erneut beantwortet. Es
konnten für den SOOS-11 zufriedenstellende Werte zur Internen Konsistenz
(α=0,73–0,76) geschätzt werden. Die
6-Monats-Test-Retest-Reliabilität betrug r=0,60. Eine
exploratorische sowie eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse ergaben für
eine ein – und auch eine 2-faktorielle Struktur des Fragebogens einen
adäquaten Modell-Fit. Hoch signifikante Korrelationen ergaben sich
zwischen der Ausprägung des Wohlbefindens, dem Organisationsklima und
dem SOOS-11. Somit stellt der SOOS-11 eine gute Möglichkeit dar,
einsatzbezogene Belastung von MFF zu messen. Der Fragebogen sollte noch an einer
weiteren Stichprobe, wie bspw. der Berufsfeuerwehr, erprobt werden.
Traumatic-Induced Coagulopathy as a Systems Failure: A New Window into Hemostasis
Authors: Dobson Geoffrey P. , Morris Jodie L. , Davenport Lisa M. , Letson Hayley L.
Published: February 2020

Traumatic-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is often associated with significant bleeding, transfusion requirements, inflammation, morbidity, and mortality. This review considers TIC as a systems failure, not as a single-event manifestation of trauma. After briefly reviewing the meaning of TIC and the bewildering array of fibrinolysis phenotypes, we will discuss the role of platelets and fibrinogen in coagulopathy. Next, we will review the different TIC hypotheses and drill down to a single mechanistic domain comprising (1) thrombin's differential binding to thrombomodulin, (2) the expression of annexin II-S100A10 complex, and (3) the functional integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx. This triad forms the basis of the “switch” hypothesis of TIC. We will next address the potential limitations of current practice in treating a coagulation or fibrinolytic defect, and the next defect, and so on down the line, which often leads to what U.S. surgeon William C. Shoemaker considered “an uncoordinated and sometimes contradictory therapeutic outcome.” The treat-as-you-go approach using sequential, single-target treatments appears to be a by-product of decades of highly reductionist thinking and research. Lastly, we will present a unified systems hypothesis of TIC involving three pillars of physiology: the central nervous system (CNS)–cardiovascular system, the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial integrity. If CNS control of ventriculoarterial coupling is maintained close to unity following trauma, we hypothesize that the endothelium will be protected, mitochondrial energetics will be maintained, and TIC (and inflammation) will be minimized. The Systems Hypothesis of Trauma (SHOT) also helps to answer why certain groups of severely bleeding trauma patients are still dying despite receiving the best care. Currently, no drug therapy exists that targets the whole system.
Pituitary Tuberculoma: An Uncommon Pathology
Authors: Gupta Praveen Kumar , Pandey Sharad , Pandey Deepa
Published: February 2020

Pituitary tuberculomas are extremely rare with only few cases reported in the literature. Intracranial tuberculoma commonly presents with gradual onset of headache and visual disturbances with or without systemic symptoms. We reported such a case who presented with headache without any visual symptoms, occasional vomiting, and significant weight loss. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging scan was suggestive of pituitary macroadenoma. Transnasal transsphenoidal excision of the lesion (microscopic + endoscopic) was done. Histopathological examination revealed possibility of tuberculosis. Patient was put on standard antituberculosis treatment and discharged in a stable condition.
Facial Dysmorphisms, Macrodontia, Focal Epilepsy, and Thinning of the Corpus Callosum: A Rare Mild Form of Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Bruni Valentina , Scozzafava Cristina , Gnazzo Maria , Parisi Francesca , Sestito Simona , Pensabene Licia , Novelli Antonio , Concolino Daniela
Published: February 2020

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic condition with multiple congenital abnormalities and developmental delay. The cardinal manifestations of KS include characteristic facial features, intellectual disability, skeletal defects, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, and postnatal growth deficiencies. Cardiac and urological malformations are commonly present in patient with KS, as well as language deficits and immunological abnormalities. Here, we reported a case of a child with an atypical form of KS, associated with macrodontia, corpus callosum dysmorphism, focal epilepsy responsive to antiepileptic treatment, and a novel KMT2D gene missense variant, c.2413C > T, never reported to date.
Endotracheal Intubation Using Alfentanil in a Pediatric Patient with a Mitochondrial Myopathy and Gastroparesis
Authors: Mehta Sonia D. , Leavitt Wendy L. , Alex Gijo , Saynhalath Rita , Kiss Edgar
Published: February 2020

Children with mitochondrial disorders represent a subset of patients who require unique anesthetic considerations. Routinely administered medications for general anesthesia, such as propofol, have been shown to increase the risk of developing metabolic acidosis. In addition, both depolarizing and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers are contraindicated due to the risk of hyperkalemic cardiac arrest and worsening of preexisting muscle weakness, respectively. These limitations pose challenges while choosing appropriate medications for induction of general anesthesia, especially when the risk of aspiration is high. We present a novel case of using inhaled sevoflurane and intravenous alfentanil to facilitate intubation in a 4-year-old girl with a complex 1 mitochondrial disorder suffering from severe gastroparesis and esophageal dysmotility.
O benefício da terapia nutrológica parenteral intradialítica
Authors: Machado Renata Silva
Published: February 2020

A desnutrição proteico-calórica incide em 20 a 70% dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) em tratamento por hemodiálise (HD), contribuindo para as elevadas taxas de morbi-mortalidade. A nutrição parenteral intradialítica (NPI) é uma opção terapêutica para a melhora do estado nutricional.

Objetivo: Revisar o papel da dieta parenteral intradialítica (NPID) como uma modalidade de suplementação nutricional para paciente com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.

Conclusão: A desnutrição é comum em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e afeta negativamente o seu prognóstico. A maioria desses pacientes apresentam baixo consumo de energia e proteínas pela dieta, dessa maneira, os suplementos nutricionais específicos para a doença renal são necessários para alcançar as necessidades energéticas e proteícas.

A NPID parece ser favorável para melhora a longo prazo do estado nutricional do paciente em HD, mostrando eficiente em reverter o hipercatabolismo proteico e o aumento do gasto de energia que ocorre durante a HD. No entanto, vale mencionar que NPID apresenta custo superior à terapia nutricional oral e via sonda. Sendo assim, a relação custo-benefício dessa via de acesso ainda precisa ser melhor investigada.
Consenso da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia sobre manejo da dislipidemia secundária à obesidade infanto-juvenil
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , de Mello Elza Daniel , de Mello Patrícia Piccoli , de Mello Paula Daniel , Zorzo Renato Augusto , Filho Durval Ribas
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Estabelecer consenso sobre o manejo da dislipidemia secundária à obesidade infanto-juvenil.

Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo e LILACS. Com base nas evidências científicas, o grupo de trabalho estabeleceu as condutas recomendadas pelo Departamento de Nutrologia Pediátrica da ABRAN.

Resultados Os autores redigiram o consenso que foi aprovado pela Diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia - ABRAN.

Conclusões São apresentadas, com base nas evidências científicas, as recomendações para a condução dos casos de dislipidemia associados à obesidade na infância e adolescência.
Clinical and Nutritional characterization of patients with massive intestinal resection in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Authors: Balbino Vanessa , Assad Mariana , Machado Juliana Carvalho , Marchini Júlio Sérgio , de Unamuno Maria do Rosário Del Lama , Suen Vivian Marques Miguel
Published: February 2020

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical situation due to extensive intestinal resection or dysfunction of the absorptive system of the small intestine. When these patints are not submitted to nutritional therapy their maximum survival is six months. In Brazil there are few reference centers for the treatment and follow-up of these patients and information about their characterization is scarce. Objective: To describe enterectomized patients attended during the period from 1996 to 2007. Methods: All medical records of the patients attended at the Nutrology service of HCFMRP-USP were analyzed retrospectively. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively using the contingency test and the Wilcoxon- Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. Results: Thirty-eight patients with a mean age of 52 years at the time of enterectomy were analyzed, 47% of them males and 53% females. The main etiology of SBS was mesenteric ischemia (73%). Of these patients, 67% had some risk factor associated with atherosclerosis. No significant differences in eating habits were detected between the period before and after surgery. After surgery, 39% of the patients developed a significant weight loss and 79% developed some type of complication, surgical in 34%, infectious in 66% and of both types in 21%. Survival was 9.5 years. Conclusion: Extensive resections of the small bowel may be associated with atherosclerosis and represent an important nutritional risk, with a significant weight loss during the first year, which seems to be related to increased morbidity. Adequate nutritional therapy is associated with increased survival.
Síndrome de Realimentação
Authors: da Silva José Wellington Menezes
Published: February 2020

A alimentação de pacientes subnutridos deve ser cercada de cautela especial. A síndrome de realimentação caracteriza-se por alterações neurológicas, sintomas respiratórios, arritmias e falência cardíacas, poucos dias após a realimentação. Ocorre em consequência do suporte nutricional (oral, enteral ou parenteral) em pacientes severamente desnutridos. O acompanhamento de parâmetros metabólicos e de níveis de eletrólitos antes do início do suporte nutricional e periodicamente durante a alimentação deve ser baseado em protocolos, no estado da doença subjacente e na duração da terapia. Equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional pode orientar e educar outros profissionais de saúde na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento dessa síndrome.
Perfil nutricional, glicêmico, insulínico e de resistência Insulínica de crianças e adolescentes do “Projeto Equilíbrio Alimentar” em Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Rigon Maristela Zasso Pigatto
Published: February 2020

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o perfil nutricional, glicêmico, Insulínico e de Resistência Insulínica de crianças e adolescentes do "Projeto Equilíbrio Alimentar" em Santa Maria-RS. Analisou-se 87 participantes, entre 5 e 16 anos, de ambos os sexos.Obtiveram-se as medidas antropométricas (peso e estatura), na entrada e na saída ou na última avaliação; glicemia e insulinemia de jejum e calculados os IMC. Efetuou-se a classificação nutricional, a evolução do IMC, o perfil glicêmico e insulínico, a avaliação da glicemia pelo critério de 100mg/dl e da insulina conforme critério>15 μUI/ml, calculou-se o HOMA IR e a relação Glicose/insulina. Comparou-se quatro parâmetros de Resistência Insulínica Periférica: HOMA IR; Insulinemia jejum; Relação Glicose/insulina e Ponto de corte da insulinemia jejum por De Almeida(2008).Houve predomínio do sexo feminino(56,3%), da faixa etária entre 9 e 10 anos (39,1%); de obesos (86,2%); da redução do IMC (65,5%); da glicemia de jejum normal (98,8%);dos valores da glicemia entre 80 a 89 mg/dl(48,3%) e da insulinemia acima de 25 μUI/ml para 31% dos participantes.A Resistência Insulínica foi positiva: HOMA IR (46%); Insulinemia jejum <15μUI/ml (57,5%); Relação Glicemia-Insulina (69%); e, Pontos de Corte para insulinemia de jejum de De Almeida (2008) (78%). O projeto mostrou-se efetivo no controle de peso. A obesidade infantil já está produzindo comorbidades. É necessário disseminar o Projeto Equilíbrio Alimentar em Santa Maria -RS.
Enhanced sample filling and discretization in thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays using asymmetric contact angles
Authors: Padmanabhan S. , Han J. Y. , Nanayankkara I. , Tran K. , Ho P. , Mesfin N. , White I. , DeVoe D. L.
Published: February 2020

Sample filling and discretization within thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays is investigated toward the development of low cost disposable microfluidics for passive sample discretization. By using a high level of contact angle asymmetry between the filling channel and microwell surfaces, a significant increase in the range of well geometries that can be successfully filled is revealed. The performance of various array designs is characterized numerically and experimentally to assess the impact of contact angle asymmetry and device geometry on sample filling and discretization, resulting in guidelines to ensure robust microwell filling and sample isolation over a wide range of well dimensions. Using the developed design rules, reliable and bubble-free sample filling and discretization is achieved in designs with critical dimensions ranging from 20 μm to 800 μm. The resulting devices are demonstrated for discretized nucleic acid amplification by performing loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of the mecA gene associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
3D bioprinting and its potential impact on cardiac failure treatment: An
industry perspective
Authors: Birla Ravi K. , Williams Stuart K.
Published: February 2020

3D printing technologies are emerging as a disruptive innovation for the treatment of patients in cardiac failure. The ability to create custom devices, at the point of care, will affect both the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases. The introduction of bioinks containing cells and biomaterials and the development of new computer assisted design and computer assisted manufacturing systems have ushered in a new technology known as 3D bioprinting. Small scale 3D bioprinting has successfully created cardiac tissue microphysiological systems. 3D bioprinting provides an opportunity to evaluate the assembly of specific parts of the heart and most notably heart valves. With the continuous development of instrumentation and bioinks and a complete understanding of cardiac tissue development, it is proposed that 3D bioprinting may permit the assembly of a heart described as a total biofabricated heart.
Visually aided tactile enhancement system based on ultrathin highly sensitive crack-based strain sensors
Authors: Li Jing , Bao Rongrong , Tao Juan , Dong Ming , Zhang Yufei , Fu Sheng , Peng Dengfeng , Pan Caofeng
Published: February 2020

Attenuated tactile sensation may occur on people who have skin trauma or prolonged glove usage. Such decreased sensation may cause patients to become less responsive to minute skin deformations and consequently fail to regulate their limbs properly. To mitigate such health conditions, an integrated tactile enhancement system that exceeds the human skin's sensitivity is indispensable for patients to regain the touch sensation of minute deformations. Here, we develop a visually aided tactile enhancement system for precise motion control by combining ultrathin, highly sensitive, crack-based strain sensors and signal acquisition circuit with real-time display equipment. By optimizing the thicknesses of the substrates and sensitive films of the strain sensors, our device has a detection limit as low as 0.01% and an ultrahigh gauge factor of 44 013 at a strain of 0.88%, which exceeds the performance of previous devices with crack-based strain sensors within minute strain range. The high sensitivity of the ultrathin crack-based strain sensor makes it possible for our visually aided tactile enhancement system to detect tiny deformations such as the slight brush of a feather, the fall of water droplets on fingers, and even the touch of invisible wires. Our study demonstrates promising applications of integrated visually aided tactile enhancement systems in human-machine interactions and artificial intelligence.
Castration age and growth, meat production and meat quality of Nellore male cattle
Authors: Anaruma R. J. , Reis L. G. , de Felício P. E. , Pflanzer S. B. , Rossi S. , Zanetti M. A. , Cônsolo N. R. B. , L. Silva S. , Netto A. Saran
Published: February 2020

Castration in beef cattle production has been proposed to reduce sexual and aggressive behaviour, increase carcass fat deposition, and improve meat quality traits, such as tenderness and juiciness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the age of castration on performance, subprimal yield and meat quality of Nellore cattle raised on a pasture system. A total of 24 Nellore males were raised in a grass-fed system with Brachiaria brizantha since birth until slaughter (at 30 months old). Three treatments were assigned: castration at weaning (CW); castration at 20 months old (C20); and intact bulls (NoC). Males were weighed, and muscle and fat thickness were periodically evaluated by ultrasonography. The cold carcass weight, dressing and carcass pH (pH 24), and subprimal cut weights were recorded after 24 h of chilling. Samples of Longissimus lumborum (LL) were taken to measure meat quality traits. Animals that were castrated at weaning had lower bodyweight after 10 months of age with no changes in the supplement intakes, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight compared with NoC. Intact males had greater cooking losses and carcass yield compared with others, with no differences for LL pH 24 according to the treatments. The castration did not change the LL muscle area, but decreased total forequarter, chunk, shoulder and eye of round weights, and increased the back fat over LL and rump fat. Animals castrated at weaning had higher marbling compared with others. In addition, regardless of age, castration improved tenderness, increased LL total lipids and decreased moisture compared with NoC. For sensory property, steers castrated at 20 months of age had lower juiciness, and NoC had a greater global sensory property compared with steers castrated at 20 months old. In conclusion, steers castrated at weaning had lower growth rate, final bodyweight and meat production compared with intact males. However, when castration was performed at 20 months, animals did not differ in most cases from castration at weaning and NoC. Tenderness was improved by castration, but sensory traits did not differ between groups.
Étude comparative et traduction en espagnol de certains termes du droit successoral français
Authors: Cunillera Domènech Montserrat
Published: February 2020

Abstraite

Afin de s’assurer une bonne compréhension du texte source, le traducteur juridique se doit de maîtriser la
macrostructure des genres textuels du droit, le style du langage juridique et la terminologie du champ thématique en question.
C’est sur ce dernier aspect, la terminologie, que portera la présente étude. Plus concrètement, nous nous intéressons à
certains termes du droit des successions qui ont une forme linguistique similaire en français et en espagnol. La proximité des
langues et des systèmes juridiques concernés mène le traducteur à considérer que certains de ces termes désignent le même concept
alors que ce n’est pas toujours le cas. Nous nous demandons si, entre les termes choisis, il existe véritablement une
relation d’équivalence sémantique pleine ou si, au contraire, cette relation conceptuelle est asymétrique et imparfaite.
La confirmation de cette dernière hypothèse signifierait l’identification de faux-amis dont il faudrait tenir compte pour
éviter des erreurs de sens au moment d’opter pour une solution de traduction. Pour répondre à ces questions nous proposons
une analyse comparative fondée sur la méthodologie du droit comparé et sur le concept d’équivalence fonctionnelle.
L’intérêt d’une telle approche méthodologique pour le traitement de l’équivalence a été mis en relief dans
plusieurs travaux portant sur la traduction juridique. En même temps elle permet de réfléchir sur l’acceptabilité de
certaines techniques de traduction lorsque nous avons affaire à ce type de mots.
The multidimensionality of pointing
Authors: Hassemer Julius , McCleary Leland
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a novel analysis of deictic gestures which yields a taxonomy of manual pointing. ‘Gesture form analysis’ brings into relief the diversity of pointing by considering the imaginary forms necessarily involved in interpreting a gesture. It combines into a single framework insights found in the literature on how the meaning of any gesture is enabled by a series of spatial operations leading from the physical form of the articulators to the form of the target. Seven distinct spatial operations combine to define a gesture type, twenty-seven of which are illustrated with examples from open-data corpora. Most types involve not the prototypical linear vector of pointing, but the plane of an open hand. Not only deictic, but also iconic and other functions are shown to be rooted in imaginary forms and their ability to draw attention to and specify locations, directions, areas and volumes of space.
The shared story of #JeSuisAylan on Twitter
Authors: Giaxoglou Korina , Spilioti Tereza
Published: February 2020

Despite an increased interest in the discourse representations of refugees in the media, little attention has been
paid so far to the circulation and uptake of such portrayals in social media. This article addresses this gap by examining
networked users’ reactions to the iconic image of Alan Kurdi, which quickly turned into a shared story. By analyzing story frames,
i.e. orientations to the Storyrealm, the Taleworld, or the Outside world (De Fina 2016)
in multimodal posts (dated September 3rd 2015), which feature the hashtag #JeSuisAylan, we show how hashtags, comments, and images
combine into visual small stories (Georgakopoulou 2016) that prompt
acts of affective and narrative stancetaking. Our analysis calls attention to stancetaking as embedded in storytelling activities
and calls for extending the critical examination of discourse representations to the study of their uptake in practices of story
participation online.