bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Police relational accountabilities: The paralysis of police accountability?
Authors: Cooper Simon
Published: October 2022

This article examines the new relational accountabilities of Chief Constables, Police, and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and Police and Crime Panels (PCPs) in England and Wales. Referring to a number of recent reports and reviews, the discussion initially focuses on the effectiveness of these relationships and, in particular, the inefficiency of PCPs. Using new empirical data obtained through interviews with senior stakeholders in policing at regional and national levels, and relevant persons in Government, this research shows PCPs are impotent and ineffective. This article develops current understanding, showing that PCPs may cause a new unforeseen consequence. Namely, the exercise of accountability and the governance of policing may be unusually reactive to the ‘one-to-one’ accountability relationship between PCCs and Chief Constables. This research is all the more important in light of Her Majesty’s Inspector of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services finding in 2022 that there is an ‘atmosphere of mistrust and fear’ between PCCs and Chief Constables and The Police Foundation reporting ‘a crisis of confidence’, recommending ‘root and branch reform’ (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services 2022). Such recommendations are made to strengthen the exercise of accountability and the governance of policing. Specifically, the Home Secretary is encouraged to review the Policing Protocol Order (2011) and issue a Memorandum of Understanding to ensure ‘effective, constructive working relationships’ are not just a quixotic pursuit but a practical reality that safeguards the governance of policing.
Toward a modular evaluation approach of real-world laboratories: Findings from a literature review
Authors: Kampfmann Teresa , Bernert Philip , Lang Daniel J
Published: October 2022

The number of real-world laboratories (RwLs) as research settings to address sustainability problems by using collaborative and experimental approaches has been growing steadily over the past years. RwLs are widely considered promising settings for the production of action-orientated knowledge in order to contribute solving wicked real-world problems such as climate change. However, empirically tested evaluative approaches are rare. We argue that evaluations within RwLs are crucial for ensuring high-quality and impactful research, amplifying tested solution approaches, and driving innovative forms of transdisciplinary collaboration. At the same time, evaluations within RwLs seem difficult due to the multilayered structure of RwLs. In order to provide guidance regarding the evaluation in RwLs- for researchers and practitioners, we conduct a scoping literature review that encompasses a comprehensive understanding of RwLs. We identify studies in which the specific components of RwLs lab context, experiments, and interventions—are empirically evaluated. Drawing on our findings, we derive different types of approaches that can be used for evaluating RwLs in practice. Based on how labs, experiments, and interventions in real-world settings have been evaluated in practice so far, we suggest to design evaluation approaches depending on (1) what should exactly be evaluated in the specific RwL, (2) for which purpose, and (3) by whom. We hope this targeted, modular evaluation approach based on evaluation types found in literature will help actors engaged in RwLs to make evaluations more feasible and impactful.
Pathway profiles: Learning from five main approaches to assessing interdisciplinarity
Authors: Laursen Bethany K , Motzer Nicole , Anderson Kelly J
Published: October 2022

Monitoring and evaluating interdisciplinarity is crucial for informing decisions about interdisciplinary (ID) policies, funding, and work. Yet, the recent explosion of ID assessment approaches represents an overwhelming buffet of options that has produced little consensus, limited guidance, and minimal insights into interdisciplinarity and its value to society. This article extends findings from a companion study that systematically reviewed the ID assessment field from 2000 to 2019. Engaging with the same extensive dataset but in a new way, we employ typological analysis and condense 1,006 published assessment designs into just five main assessment approaches called Pathway Profiles. We then tailor assessment guidance to each Pathway Profile, including potential settings in which each could be most useful and ways each could be modified to reduce challenges and increase rigor. Our goal in defining and interacting with the core of the ID assessment field in this way is not only to clarify activity in this vast and disjointed space but also to simplify and facilitate processes of understanding, choosing from, and strategically developing this diverse landscape. Pathway Profiles can be used as heuristic gateways to the ID assessment field, particularly when it comes to finding relevant examples, adapting designs to situations, and ultimately uncovering the true outcomes of interdisciplinarity.
Social goals in girls transitioning to adolescence: associations with psychopathology and brain network connectivity
Authors: Pelletier-Baldelli Andrea , Sheridan Margaret A , Glier Sarah , Rodriguez-Thompson Anais , Gates Kathleen M , Martin Sophia , Dichter Gabriel S , Patel Kinjal K , Bonar Adrienne S , Giletta Matteo , Hastings Paul D , Nock Matthew K , Slavich George M , Rudolph Karen D , Prinstein Mitchell J , Miller Adam Bryant
Published: October 2022

The motivation to socially connect with peers increases during adolescence in parallel with changes in neurodevelopment. These changes in social motivation create opportunities for experiences that can impact risk for psychopathology, but the specific motivational presentations that confer greater psychopathology risk are not fully understood. To address this issue, we used a latent profile analysis to identify the multidimensional presentations of self-reported social goals in a sample of 220 girls (9–15 years old, M = 11.81, SD = 1.81) that was enriched for internalizing symptoms, and tested the association between social goal profiles and psychopathology. Associations between social goals and brain network connectivity were also examined in a subsample of 138 youth. Preregistered analyses revealed four unique profiles of social goal presentations in these girls. Greater psychopathology was associated with heightened social goals such that higher clinical symptoms were related to a greater desire to attain social competence, avoid negative feedback and gain positive feedback from peers. The profiles endorsing these excessive social goals were characterized by denser connections among social-affective and cognitive control brain regions. These findings thus provide preliminary support for adolescent-onset changes in motivating factors supporting social engagement that may contribute to risk for psychopathology in vulnerable girls.
Visceral leishmaniasis in the COVID-19 pandemic era
Authors: Paul Anindita , Singh Sushma
Published: October 2022

Visceral l eishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, had once been targeted for elimination in 2020, which now has been shifted to 2030. The year 2020 was also the year in which the world was gripped by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review sheds light on the impact of COVID-19 on VL elimination programmes and the increasing incidences of COVID-19/VL cases. Lockdowns were imposed worldwide that led to the suspension of surveys, active case finding and mass drug administration, which are important activities to manage neglected tropical diseases. Healthcare machinery was redirected to control the pandemic and acute resource shortages were seen. Budget cuts from funding agencies and donors also came as a severe blow. Priority changes for manufacturers of drugs and diagnostic kits have also exacerbated the situation. Cases where patients were co-infected with VL and COVID-19 were reported across various settings and in people of various age groups, posing unprecedented challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Concerted efforts from all stakeholders are required to understand and deal with the impact that this pandemic has had on VL.
Nonsurgical treatment options for basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rao Himanshu , Cartron Alexander , Khachemoune Amor
Published: October 2022

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Surgery, including Mohs micrographic surgery, is considered the gold standard for the management of BCC, yet some patients may be unable to undergo surgery. This article describes effective nonsurgical options for treating superficial BCCs as well as some nodular and infiltrative BCCs.
Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antigen Detection Assay
Authors: Lau Susanna Kar-Pui , Li Kenneth Sze-Ming , Teng Jade Lee-Lee , Joseph Sunitha , Luk Hayes Kam-Hei , Fung Joshua , Wernery Ulrich , Woo Patrick Chiu-Yat
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans has a high mortality of >30%. Dromedaries are the reservoir of MERS-CoV and the main source of human infections. However, MERS-CoV infections in dromedaries are usually subclinical. Rapid diagnosis of MERS-CoV infection in these animals is important in preventing camel-to-human transmission of the virus. The possible cross-reactivity of a previously reported rapid nucleocapsid protein-based antigen detection assay for MERS-CoV was examined with different CoVs, including Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4, dromedary camel CoV UAE-HKU23, human CoV-229E, human CoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 and rabbit CoV HKU14, where none of them showed false-positive results. The assay was further validated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR confirmed MERS-CoV-positive and -negative dromedary nasal samples collected in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, which showed that the rapid antigen detection assay has a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 91.7%.
Nailfold video-capillaroscopy in the study of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review
Authors: Lim Matthew W.S. , Setjiadi Dellaneira , Dobbin Stephen J.H. , Lang Ninian N. , Delles Christian , Connelly Paul J.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) is an inexpensive method of assessing microcirculation. We reviewed the literature to assess whether changes to the nailfold capillaries exist in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for original research articles relating to the use of noninvasive microvascular assessment in patients with CVD. Methodological quality was assessed with the ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies.’ The results obtained from NVC were analysed qualitatively and compared with other forms of microvascular assessment.

Results

In total 2759 articles were screened, of which 22 studies involving 562 patients (~40% women) with CVD were included. Mean age ranged between 3.7–68.4 years (cases) and 4.0–58.0 years (controls). Reduced capillary density and increased capillary dimensions were seen in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Among patients with systemic sclerosis, advanced scleroderma patterns can be used to identify patients with or at risk of developing PAH. Functional nailfold changes precede structural changes in patients with hypertension. However, the studies were heterogeneous in the diagnosis of disease and the measurement of nailfold parameters. Most studies did not exclude conditions with altered nailfold features, and only one study performed a power calculation. Furthermore, abnormal nailfold findings are present in patients without systemic disease.

Conclusions

Structural and functional changes to the nailfold are a feature of established CVD and precede the development of PAH. However, heterogeneity in measurement and abnormal findings in healthy participants limit their use in the wider population.
Clonazolam Intoxication Case Report
Authors: Moore Caley , Hammers Jennifer , Marshall Pamela
Published: October 2022

Clonazolam is a derivative of the Xanax active ingredient, alprazolam. Classified as a designer benzodiazepine, clonazolam availability has been rising because of its circulation on illegal internet drug markets and marginal cost in comparison to its parent analogs. Clonazolam's accessibility encourages abuse prevalence and use of designer benzodiazepines. In our case, a 14-year-old male was found unresponsive the morning after ingesting multiple tablets believed to be Xanax. Toxicology testing indicated 140 ng/mL of 8-aminoclonazolam, a clonazolam metabolite, in the decedent's system. Alprazolam was not identified. Pathological analysis determined cerebral and respiratory depression to be the mechanism of death, resulting from acute clonazolam intoxication. This case presents the first death induced by clonazolam alone. Current literature identifies a gap in designer benzodiazepine confirmatory testing and a lack of awareness within the forensic and medical communities. Knowledge of designer benzodiazepines is needed to better understand their potency and to help prevent future intoxications. We present this case to aid in the recognition of novel benzodiazepines by medical examiners and coroners, to encourage their consideration in suspected Xanax and other substance related investigations, and to be aware of the capabilities of toxicological testing to improve novel benzodiazepine identification and subsequent interpretation.
Pseudalkalibacillus salsuginis sp. nov., a novel salt-tolerant bacterium isolated from a saline lake sediment
Authors: Gao Lei , Fang Bao-Zhu , Liu Yong-Hong , Huang Yin , Zhang Dan-Dan , Wang Shuang , Jiang Hong-Chen , Li Wen-Jun
Published: October 2022

A salt-tolerant bacterium, designated strain EGI L200015T, was isolated from saline lake sediment in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was determined using polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities indicated that EGI L200015T formed a distinct clade with

Pseudalkalibacillus berkeleyi

KCTC 12718T with sequence identity of 98.3%. The novel isolate could be distinguished from species of the genus

Pseudalkalibacillus

by its distinct phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics. Cells of EGI L200015T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and rod-shaped. Optimal growth conditions for EGI L200015T occurred on marine agar 2216 at pH 8.0 at 30 °C. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7, while the major fatty acids (> 10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The detected polar lipids of included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of the genome sequence data, the DNA G+C content of EGI L200015T was 41.6 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, physiological, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain EGI L200015T represents a novel species of the genus

Pseudalkalibacillus

, for which the name Pseudalkalibacillus salsuginis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is EGI L200015T (= KCTC 43363T = CGMCC 1.19260T).
5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-methylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-3-[4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
Authors: Archana Sreeramapura D. , Nagma Banu Holalagudu A. , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Balerao Rishik , Butcher Ray J.
Published: October 2022

In the title compound, C28H22FN3OS, four rings are almost coplanar, with the fluorophenyl ring substantially twisted. In the extended structure, aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the pyrazole ring and the tolyl ring link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.
The role of consumer characteristics on cultural consumption tendency
Authors: Ozkan Feyza Nur , Kurtulus Sema
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify the role of consumer characteristics in cultural consumption tendencies. Additionally, the study examines whether country differences and prior experience in the country affect consumers' cultural consumption tendencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, individual innovativeness, and lifestyle on cultural consumption tendencies were tested. Moreover, we assess whether country type and prior experience are differentiating factors for cultural consumption tendencies. To this end, two countries – the USA and South Korea, representing Western and Eastern cultures, respectively – were selected to achieve comparable results in two different cultures. The research data were collected from 775 people using an online survey method and analyzed using path analysis and an independent samples t-test.

Findings

Consumer characteristics affect cultural consumption tendencies. These effects are culture-specific and cultural product-specific. Cosmopolitanism has a positive impact on cultural consumption tendencies, while consumer ethnocentrism has a negative impact. Individual innovativeness and lifestyle partially affected cultural consumption tendencies. Notably, these effects differ by country type. However, cultural consumption tendencies do not differ according to consumers' prior experience.

Practical implications

This study provides insightful information for e-retailers to be mindful of global consumer characteristics. Accordingly, cultural consumption patterns can be used as the basis for market segmentation. In addition, understanding global consumer characteristics and their cultural product- and culture-specific effects on consumption will help cultural industry players in their segmentation and targeting decisions.

Originality/value

Notwithstanding the rich body of literature on cultural consumption, this study provides consumer-level comparative empirical research from a marketing perspective. Essentially, the study is novel as it reveals the consumer characteristics that affect cultural consumption tendencies.
Joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields in zero‐offset vertical seismic profile data
Authors: Jin Chao , Cao Danping , Zhou Bing , Li Yue , Wang Yuxi
Published: October 2022

The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in reservoirs can be obtained accurately from the data analysis of vertical seismic profile in terms of the quality‐factor Q. The common methods usually use the downgoing wavefields in vertical seismic profile data. However, the downgoing wavefields consist of more than 90% energy of the spectrum of the vertical seismic profile data, making it difficult to estimate the viscoacoustic parameters accurately. Thus, a joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity and quality‐factor is proposed based on the multi‐objective functions and analysis of the difference between the results inverted from the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields. A simple separating step is accomplished by the reflectivity method to obtain the individual wavefields in vertical seismic profile data, and then a joint inversion is carried out to make full use of the information of the individual wavefields and improve the convergence of viscoacoustic full‐waveform inversion. The sensitivity analysis of the different wavefields to the velocity and quality‐factor shows that the upgoing and downgoing wavefields contribute differently to the viscoacoustic parameters. A numerical example validates our method can improve the accuracy of viscoacoustic parameters compared with the direct inversion using full wavefield and the separate inversion using upgoing or downgoing wavefield. The application on real field data indicates our method can recover a reliable viscoacoustic model, which helps reservoir appraisal.
Threat or corrective to democracy? The relationship between populism and different models of democracy
Authors: RUTH‐LOVELL SASKIA PAULINE , GRAHN SANDRA
Published: October 2022

The phenomenon of populism and its relationship with modern democracy has gained considerable attention in recent years. This article aims at advancing our understanding of how populism affects different models of democracy and tests the proposed arguments empirically. Building on a large scholarly literature on populism and democracy, we take stock of existing arguments and theorize which democratic models may be affected by populism in a positive or negative way. Moreover, we move beyond the normative debate and analyse the effect of populism in power on different models of democracy empirically. We do so by merging data on populist governments in Europe and Latin America from 1995 until today with the Varieties of Democracy dataset, which enables us to capture the relationship between populism and different democratic models in these regions. Despite mixed‐theoretical expectations, our results suggest a rather negative impact of populism on the electoral, liberal and deliberative models of democracy.
Archaeological surveys of a canyon and floodplain in the Tanūf District, North‐Central Oman: Optimised methodology and applications
Authors: Kuronuma Taichi , Miki Takehiro , Kondo Yasuhisa
Published: October 2022

The highly‐elevated and rugged topography of the Al‐Ḥajar Mountains in Northern Oman requires a topographically‐optimised survey methodology. To reconstruct the archaeological landscapes in the southern piedmont area of the Tanūf District, we applied a combined ground survey and satellite imagery analysis. In the narrow canyon, we travelled towards visible caves on the cliffs and cairns on the ridges and recorded all encountered sites on the way. In the open floodplain and surrounding hills, we visited all visible features after scanning them from higher viewpoints. We utilised satellite imagery to complement inaccessible sites. Accordingly, we identified 23 sites from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Islamic period through ground surveys, and an additional nine sites through satellite imagery analysis. In our qualitative evaluation, this combined method was effective enough to reconstruct the archaeological landscapes of the survey area.
Impact of low‐dose quetiapine‐use on glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels
Authors: Højlund Mikkel , Støvring Henrik , Andersen Kjeld , Correll Christoph U. , Hallas Jesper
Published: October 2022

Objective

Quetiapine use at standard doses has been associated with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. However, whether even frequently prescribed low‐dose quetiapine results in significant metabolic disturbances remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between off‐label, low‐dose quetiapine and changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels/lipid parameters.

Methods

We identified new users of low‐dose quetiapine (≤50 mg tablets) in Denmark 2008–2018 with measurements of HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), or fasting triglycerides (fTG) within 365 days before and after quetiapine initiation. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to estimate coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for change in cardiometabolic parameters after quetiapine initiation. Inverse probability weighting was used to mitigate selection bias. Higher doses of quetiapine (>50 mg) were included in sensitivity analyses.

Results

Among 106,711 eligible new low‐dose quetiapine users (median age = 45 years, females = 55%), low‐dose quetiapine initiation was associated with increased fTG (β = 1.049[95%CI:1.027–1.072]) and decreased HDL‐C (β = 0.982[0.978–0.986]). Although HbA1c did not change significantly and TC and LDL‐C even decreased considering all subjects, all three metabolic parameters increased significantly among individuals with normal pre‐quetiapine initiation levels. The adverse metabolic effect of quetiapine on HbA1c, TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C was dose‐dependent, which was not the case for fTG.

Conclusions

Low‐dose quetiapine was associated with a significant increase in fTG and decreases in HDL‐C in all subjects, as well as with significant increases in HbA1c, TC, and LDL‐C among those with normal baseline values. The risk of metabolic worsening with quetiapine was dose‐dependent, except for fTG.
Keeping it in the family
Authors: SCHERZ CHINA , BURRAWAY JOSHUA
Published: October 2022

Opioid agonist medications, such as the buprenorphine‐based Suboxone, are becoming increasingly important tools for caring for people with opioid use disorders. Yet, whether at the level of the family, the clinic, or pharmaceutical companies, the circulation of Suboxone can involve forms of concealment, secrecy, and deceit, even as it is used to provide a vital form of care. In exploring the moral economies that shape the licit and illicit circulation of Suboxone in southwest Virginia, we aim to unpack the logics of obligation, care, and secrecy that emerge within a family network caught in a set of sociopolitical, economic, and therapeutic conditions. In exploring how Suboxone circulates at these different scales—in families, in clinics, and in the global pharmaceutical economy—this article shows how secrets lubricate the social, economic, and moral mechanisms through which relationships are sustained and substances circulate. [moral economy,secrecy,substance use,care,rural United States]
Fertilization and overseeding legumes on native grasslands leads to a hardly reversible degraded state
Authors: Pañella Pedro G. , Guido Anaclara , Jaurena Martín , Cardozo Gerónimo , Lezama Felipe
Published: October 2022

Aims

Diverse practices related to livestock intensification often have a deep impact on grassland diversity. Moreover, alternative degraded states that are hardly reversible can be observed, resulting in low‐diversity communities, dominated by invasive alien species. Therefore, the need arises to understand above‐ground vegetation dynamics in these communities, and the potential of the seed bank to revert this degradation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of overseeding alien legumes coupled with phosphorus fertilization on native grasslands, in terms of above‐ground vegetation composition and soil seed bank.

Methods

A long‐term experiment (23 years) was performed in eastern Uruguay with three treatments: (1) native grasslands and native grasslands overseeded with alien legumes and fertilized at a (2) moderate or (3) high phosphorus dosage. Vegetation surveys were done in 2009 and 2019 to evaluate changes, and the seed bank was sampled in 2019.

Results

Native grasslands had higher total richness, native species richness and abundance in both years, as well as a higher species turnover in both temporal and spatial dimensions. The dominant species in overseeded treatments was the invasive alien grass Cynodon dactylon. The seed bank was similar between treatments in terms of seed density and richness, but differed in composition, with a higher abundance of alien species in the overseeded grassland. Seed banks showed low similarity with the above‐ground vegetation.

Conclusions

The overseeded grassland appears to be in a degraded state of low species diversity, with low turnover and invaded by alien species. The seeds in the soil appear to be insufficient to revert this condition and might be a hindrance for restoration due to the high abundance of alien species. Grasslands that have been degraded by long periods of fertilization and overseeding legumes present a great challenge for ecological restoration, since invasive alien species should be controlled before native species are reintroduced.
Deaths caused by medication in persons not using illicit narcotic drugs: An autopsy study from Western Denmark
Authors: Andersen Charlotte U. , Ahmed Hafsa , Rædkjær Mathias , Hasselstrøm Jørgen B. , Larsen Maiken K.
Published: October 2022

Information regarding deaths caused by poisoning or adverse effects of medication in Danish persons not using illicit narcotic drugs (PNUIDs) is sparse. To characterize aetiology, demographics, and death scene, we reviewed all legal autopsies performed at Aarhus University from 2017 to 2019 and isolated 96 deaths caused by medications in PNUIDs. Suicides caused by medication overdose accounted for 38%. Opioids and psychotropic medications were the main cause of death in 48% and 35% of the 96 cases, respectively. Morphine, tramadol, and quetiapine were the most commonly involved individual medications. A single medication caused death in 50% of cases, and multiple substances were involved in 50%. The median total number [interquartile range] of detected medications was 5 [4–6], with a higher number in females (5 [4–7]) than males (4 [2–5]), p = 0.009. Median age was 51 [42.5–61.5] years, and 57% were female. Scene of death most frequently involved a body on a bed or couch in the decedent's own home (72%). In conclusion, opioids and psychotropic medications dominated by morphine, tramadol and quetiapine most frequently caused medication‐related deaths in PNUIDs. Monitoring this type of death may yield important knowledge to direct prophylactic initiatives regarding medication use and prescription.
A large Canadian database for macroeconomic analysis
Authors: Fortin‐Gagnon Olivier , Leroux Maxime , Stevanovic Dalibor , Surprenant Stéphane
Published: October 2022

This paper provides a large‐scale Canadian macroeconomic database and shows its usefulness for empirical macroeconomic analysis. The data set contains hundreds of Canadian and provincial economic indicators. It is designed to be updated regularly and real‐time vintages are publicly available. It relieves users to deal with data changes and methodological revisions. We show four useful features of this data set for macroeconomic research. First, the factor structure explains a sizeable part of the variation of the data set and appears as an appropriate means of dimension reduction. Second, the data set is useful to capture turning points of the Canadian business cycle. Third, it has substantial predictive power when forecasting key macroeconomic indicators. Fourth, the richness of the panel is used to study the effectiveness of monetary policy across regions and sectors.
Effects on print quality of varying acrylic binder types in water‐based flexographic ink formulations
Authors: Sonmez Sinan , Alsaid Dania , Pekarovicova Alexandra , Fleming Paul D. , Stoops Matthew T.
Published: October 2022

The ink industry is one of the world's largest markets due to the increasing demand for printing inks for the packaging industry. Flexography printing is a well‐known promising technology for large‐area printing due to its high printing speed and roll‐to‐roll capability to print economically on a variety of surfaces and is used in nearly in all areas of packaging printing. Water‐based inks are considered non‐toxic, odourless, and more environmentally friendly options compared to solvent‐based inks. Therefore, in this article, the goal was to develop new water‐based ink formulation with different acrylic binders for flexographic printing on commercial solid bleached sulphate (SBS) board. Five inks were formulated with four different acrylic binders and compared to a commercially available ink to study their performance. The developed inks were investigated with regard to their print qualities and print characteristics. It was found that the binder type influenced some print quality while the effect was not significant for others. Using flexography printed cyan inks, the ink formulated with the highest molecular weight had the lowest print density and the largest tonal value increase (TVI) observed between 40 and 60 tone values. The same ink had the largest mottle values and variation in topography. For values of print contrast and delta gloss at 75°, although differences were observed between average values, data had inconclusive variation and spread around averages, where no conclusive trends or effects of acrylic binder type on these response factors were observed. Print chroma and dot roundness results were equally close for all printed samples.
The association between offspring birthweight and future risk of maternal diabetes: A population‐based study
Authors: Nham Tina , Read Stephanie H. , Giannakeas Vasily , Berger Howard , Feig Denice S. , Fleming Karen , Ray Joel G. , Rosella Laura , Shah Baiju R. , Lipscombe Lorraine L.
Published: October 2022

Aims

As an indicator of maternal cardiometabolic health, newborn birthweight may be an important predictor of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We evaluated the relation between offspring birthweight and onset of maternal diabetes after pregnancy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used linked population‐based health databases from Ontario, Canada. We included women aged 16–50 years without pre‐pregnancy diabetes, and who had a live birth between 2006 and 2014. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the association between age‐ and sex‐standardized offspring birthweight percentile categories and incident maternal diabetes, while adjusting for maternal age, parity, year, ethnicity, gestational diabetes (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Results were further stratified by the presence of GDM in the index pregnancy.

Results

Of 893,777 eligible participants, 14,329 (1.6%) women were diagnosed with diabetes over a median (IQR) of 4.4 (1.5–7.4) years of follow‐up. There was a continuous positive relation between newborn birthweight above the 75th percentile and maternal diabetes. Relative to a birthweight between the 50th and 74.9th percentiles, women whose newborn had a birthweight between the 97th and 100th percentiles had an adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) of diabetes of 2.30 (95% CI 2.16–2.46), including an aHR of 2.01 (95% CI 1.83–2.21) among those with GDM, and 2.59 (2.36–2.84) in those without GDM.

Conclusions

A higher offspring birthweight signals an increased risk of maternal diabetes, offering another potentially useful way to identify women especially predisposed to diabetes.
Catastrophic fracture of the middle phalanx following intra‐articular ethanol injection for facilitated proximal interphalangeal joint ankylosis
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Katzman Scott A. , LaPorte Alexandra D. , Spriet Mathieu , Maglaty Marisa A. , Murphy Brian G. , Galuppo Larry D.
Published: October 2022

Facilitated ankylosis using intra‐articular ethanol has been reported as a viable alternative to proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis for owners with financial constraints or reservations regarding the invasiveness of surgical arthrodesis. An 18‐year‐old gelding presented for a left front leg lameness (Grade 4/5 on the AAEP scale) localised to the pastern region. Radiographs revealed severe osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ). Facilitated ankylosis of the PIJ with 95% alcohol was elected. The horse presented 6 weeks later with a significant worsening of the lameness, swelling of the pastern region and was noticed with the toe elevated off the ground when transiently weight bearing. Radiographs revealed a comminuted fracture of the middle phalanx. The horse was humanely euthanised. Necropsy revealed a severe chronic closed comminuted fracture of the middle phalanx with partially devitalised bone. Potential aetiologies are a decreased bone quality prior to alcohol injection, or that the desensitisation due to the alcohol injection could have resulted in an overuse by the horse or a traumatic accident. While previously unreported, veterinarians should educate owners that catastrophic fracture is an unlikely but possible complication following intra‐articular ethyl alcohol injection.
Who uses robo‐advising and how?
Authors: Baulkaran Vishaal , Jain Pawan
Published: October 2022

Using propriety data from a large Indian robo‐advisory firm, we show that users of robo‐advisory services are relatively young, predominantly male, married, small investors, and professionals. We show that the majority of small retail investors utilize a systematic investment plan (SIP). Additionally, we document that there are differences in demographic characteristics, occupation, and geographic location of investors in utilizing SIP versus one‐time lump sum investments. Furthermore, we find that daily user account creation increases during periods of high market volatility.
Light pollution enhances ground‐level exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for nocturnally migrating passerines
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Lepczyk Christopher A. , Aronson Myla F. J.
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic activities generate different forms of environmental pollution, including artificial light at night (ALAN) and airborne toxic chemicals (ATCs). Nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to ALAN during migration and if ALAN occurs in unison with ATC, the chances of ground‐level ATC contamination occurring at stopover sites could increase. Here, we document the relationship between ALAN and ATC within the contiguous United States based on 479 toxic chemicals from 15,743 releasing facilities. Using weekly diurnal estimates of relative abundance for 165 nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species, we assess how the species richness and relative abundance of NMP species are correlated with ALAN and ATC across the annual cycle. The concentration of ATC increased with increasing ALAN levels, except at the highest ALAN levels. The species richness of NMP species was positively correlated with ATC during the non‐breeding season and migration, and negatively correlated during the breeding season. The relative abundance of NMP species was negatively correlated with ATC during the breeding and non‐breeding seasons and the correlation did not differ from zero during migration. Through the disorienting influence of ALAN, our findings suggest large numbers of NMP species are being exposed to higher ATC concentrations at stopover sites. Outside of migration, large numbers of NMP species that winter along the US Gulf Coast are being exposed for an extended period of time to higher ATC concentrations. Initiatives designed to decrease ALAN during migration have the potential to reduce the acute and chronic effects of ATC contamination, lower the maternal transfer of toxic chemicals to eggs, and decrease the biologically mediated transport of toxic chemicals across regions. However, these initiatives will not benefit species that experience prolonged ATC exposure during the non‐breeding season along the US Gulf Coast, a region that could be a significant source of ATC contamination for North American birds.
Synergism and phenolic bioaccessibility during in vitro co‐digestion of cooked cowpea with orange juice
Authors: Honaiser Tuany Camila , Arcari Stefany Grutzmann , Fabiane Keli Cristina , Rocha Maurisrael de Moura , Fedrigo Isabela Maia Toaldo , Arisi Ana Carolina Maisonnave
Published: October 2022

Foods are susceptible to matrix interferences during the gastrointestinal transit that can affect bioactive molecules. We proposed in vitro co‐digestion of cowpea beans and orange juice to assess polyphenols bioaccessibility and synergisms. We performed gastrointestinal simulation combining beans and a fruit beverage, to mimic a common meal in a more realistic set‐up than the usual single‐food models. Twenty phenolic compounds were released in oral, gastric and intestinal compartments and were identified by HPLC‐DAD. Gallic acid, (−)‐epicatechin and chlorogenic acid were the most bioaccessible polyphenols. Cooking and solvent extraction of cowpea beans affected their polyphenolic concentrations. After digestion, the bioaccessibility indexes were higher for cowpea (136.11%) and cooked cowpea (744.74%) when compared to orange juice (31.87%) indicating that the thermal treatment enhanced the bioaccessibility of cowpea phenolics. The antioxidant capacity was higher in the end of co‐digestion compared to cooked cowpea and orange juice digested alone due to synergistic polyphenol‐polyphenol interactions or polyphenol‐protein interactions. The combination of orange juice with cooked cowpea in co‐digestion promoted high content of some bioaccessible phenolics, with 10 out of 20 compounds showing positive interactions at the intestinal phase, suggesting that food synergisms are not neglectable for beans and citrus polyphenols release during the digestion course.
Genomic regions underlying the species‐specific mating songs of green lacewings
Authors: Taylor Katherine L. , Wade Elizabeth J. , Wells Marta M. , Henry Charles S.
Published: October 2022

Rapid species radiations provide insight into the process of speciation and diversification. The radiation of Chrysoperla carnea‐group lacewings seems to be driven, at least in part, by their species–specific pre‐mating vibrational duets. We associated genetic markers from across the genome with courtship song period in the offspring of a laboratory cross between Chrysoperla plorabunda and Chrysoperla adamsi, two species primarily differentiated by their mating songs. Two genomic regions were strongly associated with the song period phenotype. Large regions of chromosomes one and two were associated with song phenotype, as fewer recombination events occurred on these chromosomes relative to the other autosomes. Candidate genes were identified by functional annotation of proteins from the C. carnea reference genome. The majority of genes that are associated with vibrational courtship signals in other insects were found within QTL for lacewing song phenotype. Together these findings suggest that decreased recombination may be acting to keep together loci important to reproductive isolation between these species. Using wild‐caught individuals from both species, we identified signals of genomic divergence across the genome. We identified several candidate genes both in song‐associated regions and near divergence outliers including nonA, fruitless, paralytic, period, and doublesex. Together these findings bring us one step closer to identifying the genomic basis of a mating song trait critical to the maintenance of species boundaries in green lacewings.
Polyguanine alleviated autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure and TLR4‐TRIF‐NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Cai Tingchen , Xu Lanman , Xia Dingchao , Zhu Lujian , Lin Yanhan , Yu Sijie , Zhu Kailu , Wang Xiaodong , Pan Chenwei , Chen Yongping , Chen Dazhi
Published: October 2022

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and chronic inflammatory disease in the liver. MARCO is a surface receptor of macrophage involving in tissue inflammation and immune disorders. Moreover, polyguanine (PolyG) is considered to bind to macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). However, the role of MARCO and PolyG in the development and treatment of AIH still remains unclear. Therefore, this study explores the expression of MARCO and therapeutic activity of PolyG in both S100‐induced AIH in mouse and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated macrophage (RAW264.7 cells). Moreover, there were significant increases in inflammatory factors and MARCO, as well as decrease in I‐kappa‐B‐alpha (Ik‐B) in the liver of AIH mice and LPS‐induced cells. However, PolyG treatment significantly reversed the elevation of inflammatory cytokins, MARCO and reduction of Ik‐B. In addition, PolyG treatment could downregulate the expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TIR‐domain‐containing adaptor inducing interferon‐β (TRIF), decrease macrophage M1 polarization and increase macrophage M2 polarization. When hepatocytes were co‐cultured with different treatment of macrophages, similar expression profile of inflammatory cytokines was observed in hepatocytes. The research revealed that MARCO expression was elevated in AIH mice. PolyG treatment and inhibition of MARCO significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines expression in the liver as well as hepatocytes and macrophages. Therefore, MARCO could be a target for the treatment of AIH.
SUMOylation facilitates the assembly of a Nuclear Factor‐Y complex to enhance thermotolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Junwen , Huang Junjie , Feng Qiyi , Shi Yaqiao , Wang Feige , Zheng Kaiyong , Huang Qize , Jiang Jieming , Luo Siyi , Xie Yun , Han Danlu , Lai Jianbin , Yang Chengwei
Published: October 2022

Heat stress (HS) has serious negative effects on plant development and has become a major threat to agriculture. A rapid transcriptional regulatory cascade has evolved in plants in response to HS. Nuclear Factor‐Y (NF‐Y) complexes are critical for this mechanism, but how NF‐Y complexes are regulated remains unclear. In this study, we identified NF‐YC10 (NF‐Y subunit C10), a central regulator of the HS response in Arabidopsis thaliana, as a substrate of SUMOylation, an important post‐translational modification. Biochemical analysis showed that the SUMO ligase SIZ1 (SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN‐CONTAINING LIGASE1) interacts with NF‐YC10 and enhances its SUMOylation during HS. The SUMOylation of NF‐YC10 facilitates its interaction with and the nuclear translocation of NF‐YB3, in which the SUMO interaction motif (SIM) is essential for its efficient association with NF‐YC10. Further functional analysis indicated that the SUMOylation of NF‐YC10 and the SIM of NF‐YB3 are critical for HS‐responsive gene expression and plant thermotolerance. These findings uncover a role for the SIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation of NF‐YC10 in NF‐Y complex assembly under HS, providing new insights into the role of a post‐translational modification in regulating transcription during abiotic stress responses in plants.
Ecological model of health behaviour of hypertensive stroke patients at the end of recovery period
Authors: Zhang Li‐Yuan , Wang Meng‐Yao , Deng Cheng‐Song , Lin Man‐Qiu , Chen Jie‐Han , Wan Li‐Hong
Published: October 2022

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to construct a structural equation model guided by the ecological model to explore the factors influencing health behaviour among hypertensive stroke patients 6 months post‐stroke.

Background

Health behaviour is important for recurrence prevention in hypertensive stroke patients. Moreover, previous studies have indicated that health behaviour at the end of the recovery period is of particular concern. The ecological model provides an integrated perspective for explaining the factors influencing health behaviour.

Design

A cross‐sectional study guided by the STROBE.

Methods

A total of 121 hypertensive stroke patients were included to assess stroke knowledge, health belief, depression, family function, chronic illness resource and health behaviour. A structural equation model was used to explore the health behaviour's factors and pathways.

Results

In the final ecological model, sex, education level, depression and chronic illness resource directly affected health behaviour. Stroke knowledge directly affected health behaviour and indirectly affected health behaviour through health belief and chronic illness resource. Family function indirectly affected health behaviour through health belief, depression and chronic illness resource. Health belief affected health behaviour indirectly through depression and chronic illness resource.

Conclusions

Hypertensive stroke patients' health behaviour is jointly and interactively influenced by stroke knowledge, health belief, depression, family function and chronic illness resource. In particular, chronic illness resource is an important mediator of health behaviour.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

For clinical practitioners, health behaviour of men and patients with low educational levels should be specifically focused on. Additionally, it is necessary to provide stroke knowledge, establish health beliefs, control depression emotion and improve family function. Furthermore, chronic illness resources should be improved particularly due to its important mediating role.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participants completed demographic and disease‐related questionnaires during hospitalisation and completed other questionnaires when returning to hospital at 6 months follow‐up.