bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extensive Review on β-lactamase Enzymes and their Inhibitors
Authors: Agarwal Vidhu , Tiwari Akhilesh , Varadwaj Pritish
Published: June 2022

β-lactam antibiotics treat bacterial infections very effectively, but overuse and misuse have led to resistance. β-lactamase enzymes hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics and are the primary cause of resistance in bacteria. Bacteria evolve and clinically mutate to produce such β-lactamase enzymes, which could hydrolyze newly discovered antibiotics. Therefore, carbapenems are considered to be the last resort of antimicrobial treatment. Further, different inhibitors have been discovered to fight these evolving and mutating β-lactamase enzymes resistance. These inhibitors are given in combination with the β-lactam antibiotics to treat bacterial infections effectively. But in due course of time, it has been observed that bacteria develop resistance against this combination. This is an extensive review, which discusses different classes of β-lactamase enzymes, their mechanism of action, and the role of critical structural elements like loops and catalytically relevant mutations. Such mutations and structural modifications result in expanding the spectrum of activity, making these β-lactamase enzymes resistant to the newly discovered β-lactam antibiotics and their inhibitors. Detailed knowledge of such mutations, catalytically relevant structural modifications, related kinetics, and action mechanisms could help develop new inhibitors effectively. Further, a detailed discussion of available inhibitors against each class of β-lactamase enzymes is also present.
Iodine(III)-Mediate Oxidative Cyanation, Azidation, Nitration, Sulfenylation and
Slenization in Olefins and Aromatic Systems
Authors: Segura-Quezada Luis A. , Torres-Carbajal Karina R. , Juárez-Ornelas Kevin A. , Navarro-Santos Pedro , Granados-López Angélica J. , González-García Gerardo , Ortiz-Alvarado Rafael , de León-Solis Claudia , Solorio-Alvarado César R.
Published: June 2022

Iodine(III) reagents represent nowadays a class of highly relevant oxidants in organic
synthesis which possess important properties such as safer, non-toxic, green and easy to
handle compounds. These characteristics, in several cases, make them important alternatives
to the procedures which use hazardous and strong reaction conditions. Based upon their ability
as oxidants, they have been exploited in the functionalization of the different aromatic nuclei,
allowing the introduction of several groups: among them, inorganic functionalities. Herein, the
most relevant developed protocols for functionalizing a broad amount of aryls, heteroaryls and
olefins are summarized by introducing the inorganic groups cyano, azido, nitro, sulfur and
selenium, using different iodine(III) reagents.
WITHDRAWN: LncRNA-PVT1 Inhibition Protects Neuron Injury During Cerebral Ischemia Injury through Targeting the miRNA-187-3p- MyD88 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Zhaoping , Xie Hui , Zeng Manping , Zhou Lu , Wei Ni , Liao Heng , Wang Jingquan
Published: June 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the corresponding author.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Vascular Lesions and Brain Atrophy in Alzheimer’s, Vascular and Mixed
Dementia: An Optimized 3T MRI Protocol Reveals Distinctive Radiological
Profiles
Authors: Ramusino Matteo Cotta , Vitali Paolo , Anzalone Nicoletta , Melazzini Luca , Lombardo Francesca Paola , Farina Lisa Maria , Bernini Sara , Costa Alfredo
Published: June 2022

Background:

Vascular lesions may be a common finding also in Alzheimer's dementia,
but their role on cognitive status is uncertain.

Objective:

The study aims to investigate their distribution in patients with Alzheimer's, vascular or
mixed dementia and detect any distinctive neuroradiological profiles.

Methods:

Seventy-six subjects received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s (AD=32), vascular (VD=26) and
mixed (MD=18) dementia. Three independent raters assessed the brain images acquired with an optimized
3T MRI protocol (including (3D FLAIR, T1, SWI, and 2D coronal T2 sequences) using semiquantitative
scales for vascular lesions (periventricular lesions (PVL), deep white matter lesions
(DWML), deep grey matter lesions (DGML), enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), and microbleeds
(MB)) and brain atrophy (medial temporal atrophy (MTA), posterior atrophy (PA), global cortical atrophy-
frontal (GCA-F) and Evans’ index).

Results:

Raters reached a good-to-excellent agreement for all scales (ICC ranging from 0.78-0.96). A
greater number of PVL (p<0.001), DWML (p<0.001), DGML (p=0.010), and PVS (p=0.001) was observed
in VD compared to AD, while MD showed a significant greater number of PVL (p=0.001),
DWML (p=0.002), DGML (p=0.018), and deep and juxtacortical MB (p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively).
Comparing VD and MD, VD showed a higher number of PVS in basal ganglia and centrum
semiovale (p=0.040), while MD showed more deep and juxtacortical MB (p=0.042 and p=0.022, respectively).
No significant difference was observed in scores of cortical atrophy scales and Evans’ index
among the three groups.

Conclusion:

The proposed MRI protocol represents a useful advancement in the diagnostic assessment
of patients with cognitive impairment by more accurately detecting vascular lesions, mainly microbleeds,
without a significant increase in time and resource expenditure. Our findings confirm that
white and grey matter lesions predominate in vascular and mixed dementia, whereas deep and juxtacortical
microbleeds predominate in mixed dementia, suggesting that cerebral amyloid angiopathy
could be the main underlying pathology.
Diet and Sudden Death: How to Reduce the Risk
Authors: Manolis Antonis S. , Manolis Theodora A. , Manolis Antonis A. , Melita Helen
Published: June 2022

In addition to the association of dietary patterns, specific foods and nutrients with several
diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mortality, there is also strong emerging evidence of an
association of dietary patterns with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this comprehensive review,
data are presented and analyzed about foods and diets that mitigate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias
(VAs) and SCD, but also about arrhythmogenic nutritional elements and patterns that seem to
enhance or facilitate potentially malignant VAs and SCD. The antiarrhythmic or protective group comprises
fish, nuts and other foods enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the Mediterranean and
other healthy diets, vitamins E, A and D and certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, selenium). The
arrhythmogenic-food group includes saturated fat, trans fats, ketogenic and liquid protein diets, the
Southern and other unhealthy diets, energy drinks and excessive caffeine intake, as well as heavy alcohol
drinking. Relevant antiarrhythmic mechanisms include modification of cell membrane structure by
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, their direct effect on calcium channels and cardiomyocytes and their
important role in eicosanoid metabolism, enhancing myocyte electric stability, reducing vulnerability to
VAs, lowering heart rate, and improving heart rate variability, each of which is a risk factor for SCD.
Contrarily, saturated fat causes calcium handling abnormalities and calcium overload in cardiomyocytes,
while a high-fat diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction that dysregulates a variety of ion channels
promoting VAs and SCD. Free fatty acids have been considered proarrhythmic and implicated in facilitating
SCD; thus, diets increasing free fatty acids, e.g., ketogenic diets, should be discouraged and replaced
with diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can also reduce free fatty acids. All
available relevant data on this important topic are herein reviewed, large studies and meta-analyses and
pertinent advisories are tabulated, while protective (antiarrhythmic) and arrhythmogenic specific diet
constituents are pictorially illustrated.
Elucidating the Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Chlorogenic Acid
Against Alzheimer’s Disease via Network Pharmacology and Molecular
Docking
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Wang Yabo
Published: June 2022

Background:

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic substance extracted from many traditional
Chinese medicines, exerts a mitigative effect in dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
However, the pathological mechanisms of CGA against AD remain obscure.

Objective:

To elucidate the core targets, functional characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of CGA
against AD using network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking technologies.

Methods:

GEO database was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD. PharmMpper,
TargetNet, and SwissTargetPrediction predicted the CGA-related targets. STRING and Cytoscape
were employed to construct and analyze the PPI network. Moreover, the Metascape platform was
used to perform the GO biological processes and KEGG pathways enrichment. Molecular docking was
performed using Autodock Vina software.

Results:

A total of 5437 targets related to AD were identified with |log2Fold Change (FC)| ≥ 1 and P <
0.05. Based on public databases, 193 putative target genes of CGA were screened. Using the Venn diagram,
we found 137 co-targets between CGA and AD. According to the PPI network, 23 core targets for
CGA to treat AD were obtained. KEGG enrichment displayed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,
MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were several important
signaling pathways involved in CGA against AD. SRC, EGFR, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, RHOA, and
PIK3R1 were hub targets associated with the activities of CGA against AD. Molecular docking analysis
revealed a good binding affinity between CGA and these targets through hydrogen bonds.

Conclusion:

CGA might exert therapeutic effects in AD by regulating multiple targets and signaling
pathways. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to thoroughly confirm the detailed
targets and mechanisms of CGA against AD.
Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Pulmonary
Function among Iranian Employees
Authors: Pouryaghoub Gholamreza , Pouragha Hamidreza , Ardali Tayebeh Nasiri , Mehrdad Ramin
Published: June 2022

Background:

RDW has been proposed as a routine test and is available as a prognosis for many diseases and disorders, especially respiratory disorders. In this study, we intend to see if the association between pulmonary function and RDW also applies to non-patients.

Methods:

This study was performed on 800 people including 466 women and 344 men. Participants in the study were staff enrolled in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences cohort [TEC] study. In this study, RDW levels and pulmonary function were assessed. Elderly populations were not in-cluded in this study.

Results:

The results of the univariate analysis showed that normal values versus abnormal values of RDW were significantly associated with pulmonary function index FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC in non-patient individuals. On the other hand, a significant correlation was observed between RDW values and FEV1 index and FEV1/FVC ratio. Based on linear regression, there was an association between RDW and FVC [R2=0.721].

Conclusion:

In this study, we found an association between RDW and FVC so we suggest that ab-normal RDW may be considered as a sign of pulmonary dysfunction.
Predictors of Preconception Care Reception in a Sample of Iranian Pregnant
Women Referred to Qazvin Health Centers
Authors: Bahrami Nasim , Allen Kelly-Ann , Alimoardi Zainab
Published: June 2022

Background:

Preconception care (PCC) is one of the most important components of healthcare services for women of reproductive age. Focus on improving preconception health; it can lead to improved reproductive outcomes, healthier pregnancies, and healthier babies.

Aim:

Determine the predictive factors of receiving PCC in pregnant women of Qazvin.

Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to September 2019. Participants were 350 pregnant women in their 6-14 weeks of gestation, who had been referred to a selected comprehensive health center (CHC) for their initial prenatal visits. A two-stage cluster sampling was used to access the samples with maximum socioeconomic and cultural diversity. Data was collected using a questionnaire about demographics, fertility, and factors that affect access to PCC; a questionnaire about perceived social support; and a general self-efficacy questionnaire. Data was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods with SPSS software version 25.

Results:

In the present study, 57.5% of the participants had received PCC. More than 75% of them received this care less than a year ago at a CHC. In the final model, wanted pregnancy (OR= 11.68), awareness of PCC (OR= 8.86) and history of ART for current pregnancy (OR= 7.18) were the strongest predictors in the model.

Conclusion:

Women of reproductive age appear to benefit strongly from PCC services, when they have planned their pregnancy and were aware of PCC service. Therefore, information related to the opportunities and potential outcomes of PCC should be made publically available. In addition, healthcare providers should focus more on providing patients with information about preconception counseling.
Computer-Aided Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Comparative Analysis of Breast Imaging Modalities and Mammogram Repositories
Authors: Oza Parita , Sharma Paawan , Patel Samir , Kumar Pankaj
Published: June 2022

The accurate assessment or diagnosis of breast cancer depends on image acquisition and image analysis and interpretation. The accurate assessment or diagnosis of breast cancer depends on image acquisition and image analysis and interpretation. The expert radiologist makes image interpretation, and this process has been greatly benefited by computer technology. For image acquisition, various imaging modalities have been developed and used over the years. This research examines several imaging modalities and their associated benefits and drawbacks. Commonly used parameters such as sensitivity and specificity are also offered to evaluate the usefulness of different imaging modalities. The main focus of the research is on mammograms. Despite the availability of breast cancer datasets of imaging modalities such as MRI, ultrasounds, and thermograms, mammogram datasets are used mainly by the domain researcher. They are considered an international gold standard for the early detection of breast cancer. We discussed and analyzed widely used and publicly available mammogram repositories. We further discussed some common key constraints related to mammogram datasets to develop the deep learning based computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems for breast cancer. The ideas for their improvements have also been presented.
In vitro and In silico Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of 3-Aryl-2-
thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Gul Afshan , Saad Syed Muhammad , Zafar Humaira , Atia-tul-Wahab  , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: June 2022

Background:

Hyperuricemia is associated with several disease conditions, such as atherosclerosis,
arthritis, kidney stones, and many others. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes
the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. Hence, XO is a major therapeutic drug target in the
treatment of hyperuricemia and associated disorders.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to identify XO inhibitors based on quinazoline derivatives, with
the potential to be used against gout and other hyperuricemia-associated diseases.

Methods:

In the current study, eighteen quinazoline derivatives 2-19 were synthesized and assessed
for their in vitro xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the most active compounds,
5 and 17, were subjected to kinetics studies, followed by computational docking. Human BJ
fibroblast cells were used to measure the cytotoxicity of active compounds.

Results:

Compounds 4-6, 8, 10, 13, 15-17, and 19 were found active against XO, with an IC50 values
between 33.688 to 362.173μM. The obtained results showed that compounds 5 and 17 possess a significant
xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. The kinetics and molecular docking studies suggested
that compounds 5 (IC50 = 39.904 ± 0.21 μM) and 17 (IC50 = 33.688 ± 0.30 μM) bind in the allosteric
site of XO and exhibit a non-competitive type of inhibition. The molecular docking studies also predicted
that the NH group of the pyrimidine ring binds with Ser344 residues of XO. Furthermore, all
active compounds were non-cytotoxic on the human BJ fibroblasts cell line.

Conclusion:

This study identifies a series of quinazoline compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors,
with the potential to be further investigated.
Novel Caffeic Acid - Zinc Acetate Complex: Studies on Promising Antidiabetic
and Antioxidative Synergism Through Complexation
Authors: Chukwuma Chika I. , Matowane Godfrey R. , Ramorobi Limpho M. , Mashele Samson S. , Bonnet Susanna L. , Noreljaleel Anwar E.M. , Swain Shasank S. , Makhafola Tshepiso J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The role of Zn(II) in storage, insulin secretion and function has been documented,
while plant phenolics have antioxidant and other pharmacological credence.

Objective:

The study aimed at synthesizing a novel medicinal Zn(II) complex. The medicinal properties
of zinc(II) and caffeic acid were considered in synthesizing a novel complex with promising
and improved antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic attributes.

Methods:

Complex synthesis was done using a 1:2 molar ratio of zinc acetate and caffeic acid and
structurally characterized using NMR, FT-IR, high resolution-mass spectroscopy and HPLC. Its cellular
toxicity was assessed in Chang liver cells and L-myotubes. In vitro, cellular, and isolated tissue
models were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic properties of the complex
relative to its precursors. Molecular docking was used to investigate the interaction with insulin signalling
target proteins: GLUT-4 and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB).

Results:

Zinc(II) and caffeic acid interacted via Zn:O4 coordination, with the complex having one
moiety of Zn(II) and 2 moieties of caffeic acid. The complex showed in vitro radical scavenging, α-
glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity up to 2.6 folds stronger than caffeic acid. The ability
to inhibit lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 26.4 μM) and GSH depletion (IC50 = 16.8 μM) in hepatocytes
was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 24.5 and 29.2 μM) and about 2 folds stronger than
caffeic acid. Complexation improved glucose uptake activity of caffeic acid in L-6 myotubes (EC50
= 23.4 versus 169 μM) and isolated rat muscle tissues (EC50 = 339 versus 603 μM). Molecular docking
showed better interaction with insulin signalling target proteins (GLUT-4 and Akt/PKB) than
caffeic acid. The complex was not hepatotoxic or myotoxic.

Conclusion:

Data suggest a synergistic antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic potential between zinc
and caffeic acid, which could be attributed to the Zn:O4 coordination. Thus, it may be of medicinal
relevance.
Review on Analytical Methodologies, Chemical and Therapeutic Perspectives
of Curcumin: A Ubiquitous Natural Molecule
Authors: Shah Umang kumar , Patel Deep , Dalsania Drashti , Patel Mehul , Patel Meghana , Patel Ashish , Solanki Nilay , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Samir
Published: June 2022

Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenolic yellow compound extracted from Curcuma longa
Linn. (turmeric) rhizome with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and medicinal properties
as propounded by several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Considerable research over the
past century has been extensively carried out on chemical, biological, and analytical perspectives
of curcumin. Nowadays, curcumin is widely used in food and pharmaceutical formulations due to
its excellent health benefits. Therefore, characterization and quantification of curcuminoids in
nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals are required to measure their quality control parameters to address
issues related to processing and storage. This review article specifies the current exploration
of analytical methodologies used to extract and quantify curcuminoids in different matrices.
Moreover, this review offers phytochemistry, synthetic and biosynthetic pathways, extraction
methodologies, degradation and metabolism pathways, and health benefits of the curcumin scurrying
from the kitchen shelf toward the clinic.
Comorbidities in Corneal Refractive Surgery Candidates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Upaphong Phit , Tananuvat Napaporn , Ausayakhun Somsanguan , Chaidaroon Winai , Tangmonkongvoragul Chulaluck , Niparugs Muanploy
Published: June 2022

Background:

Individuals with refractive errors sometimes have other associated ocular and systemic abnormalities.

Objectives:

To explore ocular and systemic comorbidities in Corneal Refractive Surgery (CRS) candidates and to examine any contraindications for CRS.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. Medical records of individuals who underwent a refractive surgery screening at Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand, were reviewed. All clinical data of the initial visit were evaluated. Eyes with a history of CRS and phototherapeutic keratectomy were excluded.

Results:

A total of 1,167 cases (2,334 eyes) were recruited, out of which 643 cases were females (55.09%). Myopia was the most common type of refractive error (2,120 eyes, 90.83%), and 868 (40.94%) eyes had high myopia. Approximately 45% (n=526) of the cases had worn contact lenses. The five most common ocular comorbidities (eyes, proportion) included keratoconus suspect (297, 12.72%), cataract (246, 10.53%), dry eye/probable dry eye (208, 8.91%), glaucoma suspect (184, 7.88%), and amblyopia (149, 6.38%). The most common systemic conditions that affected choices or outcomes of CRS were hypertrophic scar/keloid (169 cases, 14.48%) followed by allergy/asthma (127 cases, 10.88%). A total of 1,028 eyes (44.04%) were excluded from CRS, mainly due to abnormal corneal topography (470/1,028 eyes, 45.72%).

Conclusion:

Most refractive candidates were myopic and contact lens wearers. Serious ocular sequelae from myopia and contact lens use were not uncommon. Additionally, systemic diseases regularly affected the CRS options. The most common contraindication for CRS was abnormal corneal topography. Our study, thus, emphasizes the need for thorough ocular and systemic screenings of refractive candidates.
The Therapeutic Activities of Metformin: Focus on the Nrf2 Signaling
Pathway and Oxidative Stress Amelioration
Authors: Bazmandegan Gholamreza , Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Nikbakhtzadeh Marjan , Kamiab Zahra , Heidari Mahsa
Published: June 2022

In the present study, the health-protective and therapeutic properties of MET have
been discussed, focusing on the effect of MET on the Nrf2 expression in patients with different
pathological conditions. Metformin (MET) regulates high blood glucose, thus being an integral
part of the antidiabetic medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to biguanide
class medications that are administered through the oral route. Moreover, the agent is widely
known for its anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. The MET
modulates the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which in turn
yields the above-mentioned medical benefits to patients. The Nrf2 signaling pathways are modulated
in multiple ways described subsequently: 1) MET acts on the cancer cells and inactivates
Raf-ERK signaling, thus reducing Nrf2 expression, 2) MET obstructs the expression of proteins
that are involved in apoptosis of tumor cells and also prevents tumor cells from oxidation
through an AMPK-independent pathway; 3) MET carries out Keap1-independent mechanism for
reducing the levels of Nrf2 protein in cancer cells; 4) MET upregulates the Nrf2-mediated transcription
to stimulate the anti-oxidant process that prevents oxidative stress in cells system and
consequently gives neuroprotection from rotenone and 5) MET downregulates p65 and upregulates
Nrf2 which helps improve the angiogenesis impairment stimulated by gestational diabetes
mellitus. This article presents an analysis of the health-protective properties of MET and also
sheds light on the effect of MET on the Nrf2 expression in patients with different pathological
conditions.
Preparation and Characterization of Multicomponent Particles for Controlled and Tunable Release of Citicoline
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sayani , Verma Anisha
Published: June 2022

Background:

Memory disorders require a steady-state balance of choline and cytidine. Citicoline is prescribed as an exogenous source of choline and cytidine.

Objective:

The present study proposes a mucoadhesive multiparticulate sustained delivery of citico-line as a supportive control for memory loss.

Methods:

The formulation of citicoline sodium microparticles was done by ionotropic gelation method using alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in three different ratios. The three formulations were preliminary evaluated for the in vitro drug release study. Depending on their release pattern, a simplex lattice mixture design of 21 trial runs, with a set of possible combi-nations of each component of the three formulations, was employed to get an optimized ratio that could attend a predetermined release of drug at 1st, 4th, 6th, and 8th h. The optimized product was characterized for physicochemical evaluation, thermal analysis, in vitro drug release, surface mor-phology, and stability study.

Results:

Optimization of the design yielded a ratio that could prolong the release as predicted by design. The release mechanism followed non-Fickian diffusion. Differential thermal analysis exhib-ited high drug entrapment in the microparticles. Surface morphology studies revealed that drug re-lease took place by the formation of channels. Stability studies indicated there was no change in the properties even after six months and the moisture retention was meagre.

Conclusion:

The employed simplex lattice design could be successfully used to make microparti-cles of predetermined release characteristics with a steady-state release of the drug and can be a promising approach to provide an affordable therapy of citicoline to improve its effectivity.
Biodegradation of Polymers with Microbial Agents
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Nampoothiri Devadas Vadakkumcheri Akathoottu Subrahmanian , Nair Praseetha Parameswaran , Manpoong Chowlani , Kartha Bhagya Devadas
Published: June 2022

Pollution by plastics is a major concern in this era. This paper discusses the research achievements concerning the degradation of polymers using different microbes. The bacterial and fungal populations that reside in waste or dumped plastics decompose plastics naturally by enzymatic aerobic or anaerobic biodegradation. Bacteria and fungi with polymer-degrading ability are isolated through various technologies. The specific bacterial species like Bacillus sp., Rhodococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Microbacterium sp. and Phanerochaete sp. etc. and specific fungal species
like Aspergillus sp. or Penicillium sp. etc. degrade polymers in the relevant rate of duration. The microbial polymer degradation reforms soil properties, soil ecology, soil ecosystem and agricultural crop production, and improves the quality of surface and subsurface water. It restricts the pollution in the soil layer
and mitigates the release of waste polymer from the polymer industry. Eventually, it will help to sustain
the ecology and natural ecosystem. Furthermore, the scientific investigation may build standard materials
and methods for producing biodegradable fertilizers for polymer degradation. Overall assessment of the
study indicates that there is a possibility of developing effective bacterial or fungal consortia suited for
external application on plastic debris for faster degradation, as well as to tackle waste management in
polymer industries.
Directrices y políticas de firewall
Authors: Ávila Álex , Echeverría Jiménez Tatiana , Obando Christian , Ortiz Zuleta Carlos Federico
Published: June 2022

Information systems must be protected by firewalls, which are designed to control traffic flowing between private andpublic networks, allowing and denying requests made by the different networks in order to protect them from threats. Thereare different types of firewalls that are used depending on the filtering techniques to be implemented, according to the TCP/IP protocol stack, they can work at network, transport and application level. A good firewall policy design strengthensnetwork security by controlling certain types of data traffic.
FAMILIA GENTIANACEAE
Authors:   Departamento de Botánica Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Villarreal Q. José Ángel
Published: June 2022

Familia cosmopolita de unos 80 géneros y alrededor de 1000 especies, principalmente de zonas de clima húmedo y fresco, así como de montañas intertropicales. Muchas tienen flores vistosas y se cultivan como ornamentales en jardines de regiones templadas. Por sus hojas alternas y prefloración valvada algunos autores segregan el género Nymphoides en la familia Menyanthaceae. La taxonomía de la familia se complica con la separación de nuevos géneros, muchos de los cuales se han segregado de Gentiana. Para la región de estudio se reconocen 10 géneros con 22 especies.
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO XXXVIII: INVENTARIO PRELIMINAR DE LAS ESPECIES DE PLANTAS VASCULARES ACUÁTICAS Y SUBACUÁTICAS DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO
Authors:   INECOL, Rzedowski Jerzy , Hernández Ledesma Patricia ,   INECOL
Published: June 2022

La flora acuática de Michoacán ha sido objeto de varios estudios detallados, aunque su cobertura es muy desigual, pues en su mayoría se efectuaron en la parte norte, correspondiente al Eje Volcánico Transversal. La propia de la Depresión del río Balsas y de la Sierra Madre del Sur solamente cuenta con colectas y citas aisladas. El presente inventario pretende incluir las plantas estrictamente acuáticas y también las subacuáticas. Estas últimas corresponden a las especies que de manera al menos preferente habitan a la orilla de cuerpos de agua, las de áreas pantanosas y las de suelo permanentemente húmedo, aun cuando no estén ligadas con ríos, arroyos o lagos.
FAMILIA AZOLLACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Grajales-Tam Karina Magdalena
Published: June 2022

La familia Azollaceae está constituida por un solo género y aproximadamente por siete especies que se distribuyen a nivel mundial, en las regiones tropicales y templadas. Son plantas que se encuentran en aguas estancadas, pozas de agua dulce. Los componentes de las familias Azollaceae y Salviniaceae tienen en común el carácter de estructuras vegetativas y reproductivas muy reducidas. Ambas aparecen en el registro fósil desde el Cretácico Superior y con frecuencia se les ha incluido en una sola familia; sin embargo, la relación entre ellas no es muy clara, por lo que se prefiere considerar a Azolla dentro de Azollaceae.
FAMILIA TYPHACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Bonilla-Barbosa Jaime Raúl , Santamaría Araúz Betzy ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
Published: June 2022

Familia monogenérica, representada por aproximadamente 8 a 13 especies, casi cosmopolita, ya que no habita en algunas regiones tropicales y en el Ártico. Dos especies están representadas en la región de la presente Flora.
The junior high school students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards science subjects
Authors: Ernawati M. Dwi Wiwik , Sanova Aulia , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Citra Yulita Dwi
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted with the aim of 1) knowing the attitudes and self-efficacy of students towards science subjects, 2) knowing the differences in attitudes that students have towards science subjects, 3) knowing the differences between students' self-efficacy towards science subjects, 4) knowing the differences in attitudes and self-efficacy of students, 5) knowing the relationship between students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards class science subjects. The type of research used in this research is a quantitative research type with the samples used are 74 students in 8th grade in Jambi. Through the results of data analysis, the results obtained are that 1) students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards science subjects are in the good to the excellent category, 2) there are differences in attitudes towards science subjects which is indicated by a significance value 0.05, 3) there are differences in students' self-efficacy towards science subjects which is indicated by a significance value 0.05, 4) there is a difference between attitudes and self-efficacy of students, 5) through correlation test it is known that there is a significant relationship between students' attitudes and self-efficacy towards science subjects.
Особенности распространения спиновых волн в магнонных кристаллах с неоднородным распределением намагниченности по толщине
Authors: Сахаров В.К. , Хивинцев Ю.В. , Дудко Г.М. , Джумалиев А.С. , Высоцкий С.Л. , Стогний А.И. , Филимонов Ю.А.
Published: June 2022

With the help of micromagnetic modeling, we considered particularities of dispersions and amplitude-frequency response of spin waves in a magnonic crystal (MC) formed by etching an array of grooves in the surface of yttrium iron garnet film having linear distribution of magnetization across the thickness from 1.7 kG at the upper surface till 2.02 kG at the bottom. For the geometry of surface magnetostatic spin waves (MSSW), it is shown that nonuniformity of magnetization distribution across the thickness leads to the appearance of frequency regions in the MC spectrum where MSSW propagation is unidirectional and, as the consequence, does not have Bragg resonances. It was also demonstrated that the MC spectrum is determined by the choice of surface used for the formation of the array of grooves.
Формирование скирмионных состояний в ионно-облученных тонких пленках CoPt
Authors: Калентьева И.Л. , Вихрова О.В. , Данилов Ю.А. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Здоровейщев Д.А. , Дорохин М.В. , Дудин Ю.А. , Темирязева М.П. , Темирязев А.Г. , Садовников А.В. , Юнин П.А.
Published: June 2022

The possibilities of controlled exposure to ion irradiation (He+ with an energy of 20 keV and a fluence in the range from 3×1014 to 3×1015 cm–2) as a method for modifying the magnetic properties and domain structure of Co0.35Pt0.65 thin ferromagnetic films have been studied. It was found that the ion irradiation causes a change in the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction constant and a change in the skyrmion density that correlates with it. This result shows the possibility of homogeneous ion irradiation as a way to control the micromagnetic structure, namely the process of formation of skyrmion states.
Микромагнитное моделирование композитов Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=--Fe-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-Ti-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Харитонский П.В. , Аникиева Ю.А. , Золотов Н.А. , Гареев К.Г. , Ралин А.Ю.
Published: June 2022

Theoretical modeling of the magnetic properties of Fe3O4-Fe3-xTixO4 composites obtained by the sol-gel method with subsequent hydrothermal treatment has been carried out. The magnetization reversal fields and the number of particles in different magnetic states of an ensemble of two-phase particles with an infinitely thin boundary between the phases and a characteristic size varying in the range from 30 to 80 nm were calculated using the "magnetic rectangles" method. Hysteresis characteristics of an ensemble of chemically inhomogeneous magnetostatically interacting particles were obtained, consistent with experimental data.
The Drivers of Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence–Powered Care Pathways Among Medical Professionals: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Cornelissen Lisa , Egher Claudia , van Beek Vincent , Williamson Latoya , Hommes Daniel
Published: June 2022

Background

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been proven beneficial in several health care areas. Nevertheless, the uptake of AI in health care delivery remains poor. Despite the fact that the acceptance of AI-based technologies among medical professionals is a key barrier to their implementation, knowledge about what informs such attitudes is scarce.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify and examine factors that influence the acceptability of AI-based technologies among medical professionals.

Methods

A survey was developed based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, which was extended by adding the predictor variables perceived trust, anxiety and innovativeness, and the moderator profession. The web-based survey was completed by 67 medical professionals in the Netherlands. The data were analyzed by performing a multiple linear regression analysis followed by a moderating analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro (SPSS; version 26.0, IBM Corp).

Results

Multiple linear regression showed that the model explained 75.4% of the variance in the acceptance of AI-powered care pathways (adjusted R2=0.754; F9,0=22.548; P<.001). The variables medical performance expectancy (β=.465; P<.001), effort expectancy (β=–.215; P=.005), perceived trust (β=.221; P=.007), nonmedical performance expectancy (β=.172; P=.08), facilitating conditions (β=–.160; P=.005), and professional identity (β=.156; P=.06) were identified as significant predictors of acceptance. Social influence of patients (β=.042; P=.63), anxiety (β=.021; P=.84), and innovativeness (β=.078; P=.30) were not identified as significant predictors. A moderating effect by gender was found between the relationship of facilitating conditions and acceptance (β=–.406; P=.09).

Conclusions

Medical performance expectancy was the most significant predictor of AI-powered care pathway acceptance among medical professionals. Nonmedical performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived trust, and professional identity were also found to significantly influence the acceptance of AI-powered care pathways. These factors should be addressed for successful implementation of AI-powered care pathways in health care delivery. The study was limited to medical professionals in the Netherlands, where uptake of AI technologies is still in an early stage. Follow-up multinational studies should further explore the predictors of acceptance of AI-powered care pathways over time, in different geographies, and with bigger samples.
Toward an Ecologically Valid Conceptual Framework for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings: Need for Systems Thinking, Accountability, Decision-making, Trust, and Patient Safety Considerations in Safeguarding the Technology and Clinicians (Preprint)
Authors: Choudhury Avishek
Published: June 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The health care management and the medical practitioner literature lack a descriptive conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic and complex interactions between clinicians and artificial intelligence (AI) systems. As most of the existing literature has been investigating AI’s performance and effectiveness from a statistical (analytical) standpoint, there is a lack of studies ensuring AI’s ecological validity. In this study, we derived a framework that focuses explicitly on the interaction between AI and clinicians. The proposed framework builds upon well-established human factors models such as the technology acceptance model and expectancy theory. The framework can be used to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses (mixed methods) to capture how clinician-AI interactions may vary based on human factors such as expectancy, workload, trust, cognitive variables related to absorptive capacity and bounded rationality, and concerns for patient safety. If leveraged, the proposed framework can help to identify factors influencing clinicians’ intention to use AI and, consequently, improve AI acceptance and address the lack of AI accountability while safeguarding the patients, clinicians, and AI technology. Overall, this paper discusses the concepts, propositions, and assumptions of the multidisciplinary decision-making literature, constituting a sociocognitive approach that extends the theories of distributed cognition and, thus, will account for the ecological validity of AI.
Gamma-Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose as a Three-Dimensional Scaffold for Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Nurlidar Farah , Kobayashi Mime , Yunus Ade Lestari , Heryani Rika , Yunus Muhamad Yasin , Puspitasari Tita , Darwis Darmawan
Published: June 2022

The effect of gamma-irradiation on bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated in terms of improving its properties as scaffolds for tissue engineering. BC pellicles were exposed to 25, 50, and 75 kGy gamma-ray irradiation, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the crystallinity of the BC decreased as stronger irradiation accelerated BC’s degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the irradiated BC revealed the appearance of a new peak at 1724 cm–1, indicating the formation of a new carbonyl group due to the cleavage of glycosidic linkages of the BC. Rat bone marrow stromal cells seeded on the gamma-irradiated BC incubated in an osteogenic medium for 14 days produced calcium, a late marker for osteogenic differentiation, as shown by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Gamma-irradiated BC with higher irradiation doses showed intense ARS staining indicating higher calcium deposition. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using gamma-irradiated BC as a cytocompatible 3D scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.
Using real-world evidence in healthcare from Western to Central and Eastern Europe: a review of existing barriers
Authors: Kamusheva Maria , Németh Bertalan , Zemplényi Antal , Kaló Zoltán , Elvidge Jamie , Dimitrova Maria , Pontén Johan , Tachkov Konstantin , Mitkova Zornitsa
Published: June 2022

As part of the HTx (Next Generation Health Technology Assessment) project, this study was aimed at identifying the main barriers for application of real-world evidence (RWE) for the purposes of health technology assessment in the Central and Eastern European countries. A mixed methods approach was employed to identify the main barriers: a scoping review of the literature and a series of discussions with stakeholders. Based on the applied approaches, we attempted to summarize the main barriers and challenges related to transferability of RWE in five main groups: technical, regulatory, clinical, scientific and perceptional barriers. Further research should pursue the development of detailed, consensus-based guidelines to improve the harmonization and standardization of RWE.
Dens invaginatus y quiste maxilar asociado: follow up y resolución interdisciplinaria
Authors: Gilligan Gerardo Marcelo , Garola Federico , Bronstein Martín , Panico René , Franciosi Edgardo , Bozzatello Juana Rosa , Gilligan Jorge Marcelo
Published: June 2022

ntroducción: El dens invaginatus (DI) es una anomalía dentaria del desarrollo producida en la etapa de morfodiferenciación. Pue- de presentarse bajo diferentes formas con compromiso coronario o radicular. DI puede llevar a necrosis pulpar y consecuentemente, a infecciones periapicales o quistes. Objetivo: reportar un caso de un quiste maxilar de considerables dimensiones asociado con DI, enfa- tizando el tratamiento interdisciplinario. Presentación del caso: Se presentó a la consulta una paciente de 26 años con una lesión tumo- ral dolorosa en paladar y sensación de opresión. La paciente relató una evolución de ocho meses y tratamientos ineficaces sin arribar a un diagnóstico. Previo estudio clínico-radiográfico, se procedió a programar un plan terapéutico basado en: 1) tratamiento de la pieza problema y diagnóstico lesional, 2) descompresión, 3) seguimiento y controles y 4) remoción de remanente lesional y colocación de sustituto óseo. Se evidenció una lesión quística asociada a incisivo lateral con presencia de DI coronario. Se procedió al tratamiento en- dodóntico del elemento problema seguido de descompresión quística mediante la intervención quirúrgica y posicionamiento de un drena- je. Los controles mostraron una evolución favorable. Por último, se realizó la quistectomía total y colocación de sustituto óseo. En con- cordancia con otros autores, el diagnóstico histopatológico de quiste inflamatorio, descartando otras entidades más agresivas y la edad de la paciente, condicionó la selección de un tratamiento inicialmente conservador. El remanente lesional determinó la enucleación total de la lesión y la colocación de un sustituto óseo para devolver volumen a la zona afectada. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico temprano de DI evita la formación de lesiones secundarias, las cuales en el caso de no ser debidamente diagnosticadas generan morbilidad en los pacientes. El trabajo interdisciplinario de estas lesiones es fundamental para alcanzar los resultados esperados.
Guías de práctica clínica odontológica en México
Authors: Cruz-Peralta Agles
Published: June 2022

El crecimiento exponencial del conocimiento científico y la tecnología hace necesario que el odontólogo utilice herramientas que le faciliten la toma de decisiones, por lo que las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) basadas en evidencia son el recurso más idóneo. Las GPC desarrolladas con rigor metodológico sintetizan la investigación relevante y sopesan los riesgos con los beneficios, considerando los costos y la preferencia del paciente para emitir recomendaciones aplicables a un contexto determinado.
Mucocele: lesión oral frecuente de glándulas salivales menores en pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Dynia Rocío del Carmen , Maccio Azul Milena , Socias María Margarita , Navarro López Jessika Susana Aymará , Valdovinos Zaputovich Bertha Mercedes
Published: June 2022

Introducción: Las glándulas salivales son exocrinas, con tipo de secreción merocrina. La importancia de las mismas radica en la producción de saliva en la cavidad oral, contribuyendo a la re- gulación del pH bucal y manteniendo la integridad de la mucosa y tejidos orales. Una afección en ellas altera el sistema oral. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue identificar y registrar patologías orales de glándulas salivales más frecuentes en pe- diatría en un centro de salud de referencia regional. Material y métodos: Diseño de tipo retrospectivo, observacional, analítico, correlacional y transversal. A partir de datos de libros de ingre- sos al Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citología del Hospital Pediátrico «Juan Pablo II» de la Cuidad de Corrientes, Argentina, que consignen la edad, sexo y localización de la lesión, de pa- cientes de un mes a 15 años de edad. Resultados: Se identifi- caron 63 casos de lesiones orales en glándulas salivales, 47 de ellas compatibles con diagnóstico de mucocele, siendo la lesión más frecuente, con predominio en el sexo femenino. La franja etaria con mayor número de casos fue de 13 a 15 años de edad, siendo el sitio de localización frecuente el labio inferior. Conclu- sión: Éste es el primer estudio previo de esta lesión en la región. El mucocele es la lesión oral en glándulas salivales de mayor frecuencia en pediatría.