bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Antiresorptive Drugs on Bone Mineral Density in Post-Menopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: de Sire Alessandro , Lippi Lorenzo , Venetis Konstantinos , Morganti Stefania , Sajjadi Elham , Curci Claudio , Ammendolia Antonio , Criscitiello Carmen , Fusco Nicola , Invernizzi Marco
Published: January 2022

Background

Cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) is a frequent complication of breast cancer therapies affecting both disability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, there is still a lack of consensus about the most effective approach that would improve bone health and HRQoL. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to summarize the evidence on the effects of antiresorptive drugs on CTIBL in patients with early breast cancer.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to April 30, 2021 to identify RCTs satisfying the following PICO model: P) Participants: postmenopausal women with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors (AI), age >18 years; I) Intervention: antiresorptive drugs (i.e. bisphosphonates and/or denosumab); C) Comparator: any comparator; O) Outcome: bone mineral density (BMD) modifications. Moreover, a quality assessment was performed according to the Jadad scale.

Results

Out of the initial 2415 records, 21 papers (15 studies) were included in the data synthesis. According to the Jadad scale, 6 studies obtained a score of 5, 1 study obtained a score of 4, 13 studies obtained a score of 3, and 1 study with score 1. Although both bisphosphonates and denosumab showed to increase BMD, only denosumab showed significant advantages on fractures.

Conclusions

Bone health management in patients with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant AIs remains challenging, and the optimal therapeutic approach is not standardized. Further studies are needed to investigate CTIBL, focusing on both the need for antiresorptive drugs and their duration based on individual patients’ characteristics.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42021267107.
HLA-Haploidentical Family Donors: The New Promise for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Authors: Ab Rahman Syaza , Matic Toni , Yordanova Maya , Ariffin Hany
Published: January 2022

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is indicated in children with high-risk, relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). HLA-matched grafts from cord blood and stem cell repositories have allowed patients without suitable sibling donors to undergo HSCT. However, challenges in procuring matched unrelated donor (MUD) grafts due to high cost, ethnic disparity and time constraints have led to the exponential rise in the use of stem cells from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical family donors. Whilst HLA-haploidentical HSCT (hHSCT) performed in adult patients with acute leukaemia has produced outcomes similar to MUD transplants, experience in children is limited. Over the last 5 years, more data have emerged on hHSCT in the childhood ALL setting, allowing comparisons with matched donor transplants. The feasibility of hHSCT using adult family donors in childhood ALL may also address the ethical issues related to selection of minor siblings in matched sibling donor transplants. Here, we review hHSCT in paediatric recipients with ALL and highlight the emergence of hHSCT as a promising therapeutic option for patients lacking a suitable matched donor. Recent issues related to conditioning regimens, donor selection and graft-vs.-host disease prophylaxis are discussed. We also identify areas for future research to address transplant-related complications and improve post-transplant disease-free survival.
Evolutionary Origin of the Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase Family in Plants and Expression of Pepper Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Yao Yixiu , Jia Li , Cheng Yuan , Ruan Meiying , Ye Qingjing , Wang Rongqing , Yao Zhuping , Zhou Guozhi , Liu Jia , Yu Jiahong , Zhang Peng , Yin Yuhe , Diao Weiping , Wan Hongjian
Published: January 2022

Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of carotenoids and participates in many important physiological functions. The plant CCOs exist in two forms, namely carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and nine-cis epoxide carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Although studies have shown that this gene family has been identified in many species, such as Arabidopsis, grape, and tomato, the evolutionary origin of the CCO family and the expression pattern of pepper genes in response to H2O2 and other abiotic stresses are still unclear. In this study, we used the bioinformatics method to identify and analyze the members of the CCO gene family from pepper and other 13 plants from lower to higher plant species based on the whole genome sequence. A total of 158 CCO genes were identified in different plant species and further divided into two groups (e.g., groups I and II). The former was subdivided into CCD7 and CCD8 and have independent evolutionary origins, respectively, while the latter was subdivided into CCD1, CCD4, CCD-like, and NCED, which may have come from a common ancestor. In addition, the results of RNA-seq showed that the expression patterns of pepper CaCCO genes were different in the tissues tested, and only few genes were expressed at high levels such as CaCCD1a, CaCCD4a, CaNCED3, and CaCCD1b. For hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other abiotic stresses, such as plant hormones, heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments, induction of about half of the CaCCO genes was observed. Moreover, the expression patterns of CaCCOs were further investigated under heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and most members were responsive to these stresses, especially some CaCCOs with significant expression changes were identified, such as CaCCD4c, CaCCD-like1, CaCCD8, and CaCCD1b, suggesting the important roles of CaCCOs in abiotic stress responses. All these results will provide a valuable analytical basis for understanding the evolution and functions of the CCO family in plants.
Investigating the Impact of the External Environment and Benchmark Characteristics on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’s Construction: A COVID-19 Perspective
Authors: Xu Aidi , Pitafi Abdul Hameed , Shang Yunfeng
Published: January 2022

The economic stability of a country, such as Pakistan is dependent on the construction of mega-projects, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). However, certain external factors and project characteristics may delay the construction of infrastructure projects; scholars have not investigated the development of CPEC from this perspective. In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak has hindered CPEC initiatives. This analysis will examine the effect of external environment factors on CPEC, and benchmark the project’s effects on economic stability through CPEC’s development by incorporating 523 samples obtained from employees of various CPEC projects. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze all hypotheses proposed here on AMOS 21.0 tools. According to the findings of this study, the CPEC external environment and project benchmark characteristics have a negative effect on the construction of CPEC development. Furthermore, the development of CPEC is found to have a significant effect on economic stability. However, fear of COVID-19 has weakened the relationship between CPEC development and economic stability. Finally, we also discuss the implications and limitations of the study.
General Self-Efficacy and Employability Among Financially Underprivileged Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Achievement Motivation and Career Aspirations
Authors: Wang Dan , Guo Danyang , Song Chao , Hao Lianming , Qiao Zhihong
Published: January 2022

Although previous research shows that general self-efficacy is related to employability, the mechanism of them is unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between general self-efficacy and employability, examines the mediating role of achievement motivation and career aspirations among financially underprivileged college students in China. The analysis of 651 participants (59% female, 41% male) from six provinces indicates that general self-efficacy positively predicts employability through the mediating chain of achievement motivation and career aspirations. Based on these findings, the researchers propose feasible suggestions for related issues of financially underprivileged college students and future research.
Barker Hypothesis and Hypertension
Authors: Jebasingh Felix , Thomas Nihal
Published: January 2022

Early onset hypertension is one of many major medical disorders that have evolved over the current millennium across both the developing as well as the developed world. Though various mechanisms have been postulated for the evolution of hypertension in these individuals, one of the most relevant ones is that of low birth weight and its association with hypertension. Barker from historical evidence has postulated the foetal onset adult disease (FOAD) or Thrifty phenotype on Low Birth Weight (LBW) associated hypertension. Later, Brenner highlighted the importance of low nephron mass and future implications. In this review we elaborate the mechanisms that were postulated for LBW-related hypertension as well the potential antihypertensive therapy that may be used in these individuals.
Living Preference Modifies the Associations of Living Arrangements With Loneliness Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Wei Kai , Yang Junjie , Yang Bixi , Jiang Lijuan , Jiang Jiangling , Cao Xinyi , Li Chunbo
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Living arrangement has been reported to have a significant influence on feelings of loneliness in older adults, but their living preferences may confound the association. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of living arrangements with loneliness differ in community-dwelling older adults according to different living preferences.

Methods

In the 2008/2009 (baseline) and 2011/2012 (follow-up) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, living arrangements [living with children mainly (LWC), living with spouse only (LWS), and living alone (LA)], living preferences [preferring living with children (PreLWC) and preferring living alone/only with spouse (PreLA)], and feelings of loneliness were assessed. The effect modifications of living preferences in the associations of living arrangements with loneliness were estimated using logistic regression models, and corresponding odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

Results

Living preferences significantly modified the associations of living arrangements with loneliness at baseline (p for interaction = 0.009 for LWS and = 0.015 for LA). Compared with LWC, LWS was protective for loneliness only in the PreLA older adults at baseline (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.45–0.64, p < 0.001), and LA was significantly associated with loneliness especially in the PreLWC older adults, compared with their PreLA counterparts (at baseline, ORs = 2.89 vs. 2.15; at follow-up, ORs = 1.68 vs. 1.51).

Conclusion

Living preference modifies the associations of living arrangements with loneliness, and those who prefer living with children but live alone are more likely to feel lonely. It is recommended that living preferences should be considered when managing loneliness in community-dwelling older adults.
What We Know and Don't Know About Lyme Disease
Authors: Donta Sam T.
Published: January 2022

We know the cause of Lyme disease. We know that the bacteria can be found in the initial rash, and occasionally in the blood in the subsequent 2–3 months, but after then, its subsequent location is unknown. Whereas diagnosis and treatment of early Lyme disease is generally straightforward, the etiology of relapsing or persisting symptoms is yet to be defined, and presents clinical challenges. There are no current tests to determine if the infection is still present or absent, thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Presented here are approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of persisting Lyme disease, based on available published information, and the experience of the author.
Comparing α-Synuclein Fibrils Formed in the Absence and Presence of a Model Lipid Membrane: A Small and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study
Authors: Dubackic Marija , Linse Sara , Sparr Emma , Olsson Ulf
Published: January 2022

Amyloid fibrils are associated with a number of different neurodegenerative diseases. Detailed knowledge of the fibril structure will be of importance in the search of therapy and may guide experiments to understand amyloid formation. In this paper we investigate the morphology of α-synuclein amyloid fibrils, associated with Parkinson’s disease, formed under different conditions. In particular, we study, by means of small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, whether the presence of model lipid membranes affect the overall structure of the fibrils formed, motivated by the fact that amyloid fibrils in vivo are formed in a highly lipid-rich environment. Comparing fibrils formed in the presence of lipid with fibrils formed in their absence, show that the presence of lipids has no detectable effect on the fibril cross-section radius and that the characteristic β-strand repeat distance of 4.7 Å of the extended intermolecular β-sheets remains unaffected. We also show that the observed fibril radius is consistent with a fibril structure composed of two protofilaments. This indicates overall that the particular fibril structure, with their stacks of two-dimensionally folded α-synuclein molecules, represent a deep free energy minimum, not largely affected by the co-aggregation with lipids.
Effects of Natural Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Kim Yeonjae , Cho A Yeon , Kim Hong Cheol , Ryu Dajung , Jo Sangmee Ahn , Jung Yi-Sook
Published: January 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes connected by tight junctions (TJs) and adhesion molecules (AMs), maintains the homeostatic balance between brain parenchyma and extracellular fluid. Accumulating evidence shows that BBB dysfunction is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Among the various pathological pathways of BBB dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a key role in inducing BBB disruption mediated via TJ modification, AM induction, cytoskeletal reorganization, and matrix metalloproteinase activation. Thus, antioxidants have been suggested to exert beneficial effects on BBB dysfunction-associated brain diseases. In this review, we summarized the sources of ROS production in multiple cells that constitute or surround the BBB, such as BBB endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neutrophils. We also reviewed various pathological mechanisms by which BBB disruption is caused by ROS in these cells. Finally, we summarized the effects of various natural polyphenols on BBB dysfunction to suggest a therapeutic strategy for BBB disruption-related brain diseases.
A Bi-Directional DC Solid-State Circuit Breaker Based on Flipped Γ-Source
Authors: Gao Jing , Liu Ziming , Luo Jinming , Wang Hongjiang , Liu Yiqi , Zheng Junyuan
Published: January 2022

As the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy leads to resource shortages, distributed PV generation technology has received widespread attention. The DC microgrid is an effective way to connect distributed PV generation. However, DC microgrids have numerous challenges, such as the absence of zero current crossing point and high fault current rising rate. In the paper, a bi-directional DC solid-state circuit breaker based on flipped Γ-source is proposed to overcome some of the challenges in DC microgrid. The topology uses the mutual inductance current generated by the transformer to force the SCR naturally commutates off. Which can rapidly interrupt and isolate the faulty part, and at the same time, there will be no circulating current impact on the source side. The diode bridges allow the response to faults on either the source or load side with only a single controlled switch. Therefore, the topology is simplified while enabling it to obtain the capability of bidirectional operation protection. Finally, using the simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC and experimental platform verifies the effectiveness of the topology in this paper.
Accumulation Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Artemisia selengensis Seedling In Vitro with the Hydroponic Culture under Cadmium Pressure
Authors: Tang Tao , Kang Wei , Shen Mi , Chen Lin , Zhao Xude , Wang Yongkui , Xu Shunwen , Ming Anhuai , Feng Tao , Deng Haiyan , Zheng Shuqi
Published: January 2022

Artemisia selengensis is a perennial herb of the Compositae with therapeutic and economic value in China. The cadmium (Cd) accumulation mechanism and healthy risk evaluation of A. selengensis were investigated in this study. Tissue culture seedlings were obtained by plant tissue culture in vitro, and the effect of Cd stress (Cd concentration of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) on A. selengensis was studied under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that low-Cd (0.5–1 μM) stress caused a rare effect on the growth of A. selengensis seedlings, which regularly grew below the 10 μM Cd treatment concentration. The biomass growth rate of the 0.5, 1, and 5 μM treatment groups reached 105.8%, 96.6%, and 84.8% after 40 days of cultivation, respectively. In addition, when the concentration of Cd was greater than 10 μM, the plant growth was obviously inhibited, i.e., chlorosis of leaves, blackening roots, destroyed cell ultrastructure, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The root could be the main location of metal uptake, 57.8–70.8% of the Cd was concentrated in the root after 40 days of cultivation. Furthermore, the root cell wall was involved in the fixation of 49–71% Cd by subcellular extraction, and the involvement of the participating functional groups of the cell wall, such as -COOH, -OH, and -NH2, in metal uptake was assessed by FTIR analysis. Target hazard quotient (THQ) was used to assess the health risk of A. selengensis, and it was found that the edible part had no health risk only under low-Cd stress (0.5 to 1 μM) and short-term treatment (less than 20 days).
Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Chromoendoscopy or Non-Chromoendoscopy, That Is the Question
Authors: Gabbiadini Roberto , D’Amico Ferdinando , De Marco Alessandro , Terrin Maria , Zilli Alessandra , Furfaro Federica , Allocca Mariangela , Fiorino Gionata , Danese Silvio
Published: January 2022

Subjects affected by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease with colonic localization have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Surveillance colonoscopy is recommended by international guidelines as it can detect early-stage CRC. Based on previous evidence, in 2015 the Surveillance for Colorectal Endoscopic Neoplasia Detection and Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients International Consensus indicated dye chromoendoscopy (DCE) as the most effective technique for detecting dysplasia. However, advances in endoscopic technology such as high-definition colonoscopes and dye-less virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) may change future practice. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on CRC surveillance in IBD, focusing on the emerging role of high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) and VCE over the standard DCE, and the current role of random biopsies.
New Directions in Land Reform: An Editorial Overview
Authors: Home Robert
Published: January 2022

Land is a basic resource upon which all humanity depends [...]
Innovative Structural Fuse Systems for Various Prototype Applications
Authors: Farzampour Alireza
Published: January 2022

To resist the imposed lateral forces on the structures, hysteric dampers are developed from steel plates and strategically implemented within various structural applications. Structural shear dampers have recently been used to alleviate damage, while remaining members remain intact and undamaged. The practical use of the innovative dampers in structural applications is investigated in this study. For this purpose, the design methodology for a set of innovative shear dampers is initially elaborated, for which the dampers are designed considering the governing shear and flexural ductile limit states, while the brittle buckling limit state is prevented. Subsequently, the finite element modeling methodology is verified and compared to laboratory tests for computationally analyzing various shapes of the shear damper in structural applications. Three major general prototype structures are established, and shear dampers are designed to be incorporated in prototype applications. For each of the proposed applications, at least six different shapes of shear dampers are designed and subsequently compared with conventional systems. The results determined that the use of innovative shear dampers could effectively reduce demand forces on the boundary elements by more than 40% on average, while the strength and the stiffness alter within margin of difference less than 5%.
Application of Microfluidic Systems for Breast Cancer Research
Authors: Frankman Zachary D. , Jiang Linan , Schroeder Joyce A. , Zohar Yitshak
Published: January 2022

Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control; breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States. Due to early screening and advancements in therapeutic interventions, deaths from breast cancer have declined over time, although breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Most deaths are due to metastasis, as cancer cells from the primary tumor in the breast form secondary tumors in remote sites in distant organs. Over many years, the basic biological mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression, as well as the subsequent metastatic cascade, have been studied using cell cultures and animal models. These models, although extremely useful for delineating cellular mechanisms, are poor predictors of physiological responses, primarily due to lack of proper microenvironments. In the last decade, microfluidics has emerged as a technology that could lead to a paradigm shift in breast cancer research. With the introduction of the organ-on-a-chip concept, microfluidic-based systems have been developed to reconstitute the dominant functions of several organs. These systems enable the construction of 3D cellular co-cultures mimicking in vivo tissue-level microenvironments, including that of breast cancer. Several reviews have been presented focusing on breast cancer formation, growth and metastasis, including invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. In this review, realizing that breast cancer can recur decades following post-treatment disease-free survival, we expand the discussion to account for microfluidic applications in the important areas of breast cancer detection, dormancy, and therapeutic development. It appears that, in the future, the role of microfluidics will only increase in the effort to eradicate breast cancer.
Impact of Co-Delivery of EGCG and Tuna Oil within a Broccoli Matrix on Human Gut Microbiota, Phenolic Metabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids In Vitro
Authors: Shi Meng , Watson Emma , Conlon Michael , Sanguansri Luz , Augustin Mary Ann
Published: January 2022

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and tuna oil (TO) are beneficial bioactive compounds. EGCG, TO or a combination of, delivered by broccoli by-products (BBP), were added to an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula to examine their ability to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolize EGCG and change the gut microbiota population (assessed by 16 S gene sequencing). Following 24 h fermentation, EGCG was hydrolyzed to (-)-epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG significantly inhibited the production of SCFA (p < 0.05). Total SCFA in facal slurries with BBP or TO-BBP (48–49 µmol/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the negative control with cellulose (21 µmol/mL). EGCG-BBP and TO-EGCG-BBP treatment increased the relative abundance of Gluconacetobacter, Klebsiella and Trabulsiella. BBP and TO-BBP showed the greatest potential for improving gut health with the growth promotion of high butyrate producers, including Collinsella aerofaciens, Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus reuteri.
Identification of Antibacterial Components in the Methanol-Phase Extract from Edible Herbaceous Plant Rumex madaio Makino and Their Antibacterial Action Modes
Authors: Liu Yue , Yang Lianzhi , Liu Pingping , Jin Yinzhe , Qin Si , Chen Lanming
Published: January 2022

Outbreaks and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide are some of the major contributors to morbidity and morbidity in humans. Pharmacophageous plants are the best source for searching antibacterial compounds with low toxicity to humans. In this study, we identified, for the first time, antibacterial components and action modes of methanol-phase extract from such one edible herbaceous plant Rumex madaio Makino. The bacteriostatic rate of the extract was 75% against 23 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was further purified using the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC) technique, and five separated componential complexes (CC) were obtained. Among these, the CC 1 significantly increased cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability and decreased membrane fluidity, which damaged cell structure integrity of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens tested. A total of 58 different compounds in the extract were identified using ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) techniques. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a number of differentially expressed genes and various changed metabolic pathways mediated by the CC1 action, such as down-regulated carbohydrate transport and/or utilization and energy metabolism in four pathogenic strains tested. Overall, the results in this study demonstrated that the CC1 from R. madaio Makino are promising candidates for antibacterial medicine and human health care products.
Efficacy of Probiotic Compounds in Relieving Constipation and Their Colonization in Gut Microbiota
Authors: He Yuan , Zhu Leilei , Chen Jialun , Tang Xin , Pan Mingluo , Yuan Weiwei , Wang Hongchao
Published: January 2022

A number of studies have confirmed the relationship between constipation and gut microbiota. Additionally, many human and animal experiments have identified probiotics as effectors for the relief of constipation symptoms. In this study, probiotic compounds, including Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Onlly, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR22, Limosilactobacillus reuteri LE16, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-Onlly, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI516, were administered to mice with loperamide-induced constipation, and the impacts of these strains on constipation-related indicators and gut microbiota were evaluated. The effects of probiotic compounds on constipation relief were associated with various aspects, including gastrointestinal transit rate, number and weight of stools, serum and intestinal gastrointestinal regulatory hormones, and serum cytokines. Some of the probiotic compounds, including Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, were found to colonize the intestinal tract. Furthermore, higher dosages promoted the colonization of specific strains. This study yields a new perspective for the clinical use of probiotics to improve constipation symptoms by combining strains with different mechanisms for the alleviation of constipation.
Diversity in the Interaction of Amino Acid- and Peptide-Based Hydroxamic Acids with Some Platinum Group Metals in Solution
Authors: Bíró Linda , Buglyó Péter , Farkas Etelka
Published: January 2022

Complexes that incorporate both ligand(s) and metal(s) exhibiting cytotoxic activity can especially be interesting to develop multifunctional drug molecules with desired activities. In this review, the limited number of solution results collected in our laboratory on the complexes of Pd(II) and two other platinum group metals—the half-sandwich type, [(η6-p-cym)Ru(H2O)3]2+, and [(η5-Cp*)Rh(H2O)3]2+—with hydroxamic acid derivatives of three amino acids, two imidazole analogues, and four small peptides are summarized and evaluated. Unlike the limited number of coordination sites of these metal ions (four and three for Pd(II) and the organometallic cations, respectively), the ligands discussed here offer a relatively high number of donor atoms as well as variation in their position within the ligands, resulting in a large versatility of the likely coordination modes. The review, besides presenting the solution equilibrium results, also discusses the main factors, such as (N,N) versus (O,O) chelate; size of chelate; amino-N versus imidazole-N; primary versus secondary hydroxamic function; differences between hydrolytic ability of the metal ions studied; and hydrolysis of the coordinated peptide hydroxamic acids in their Pd(II) complexes, which all determine the coordination modes present in the complexes formed in measurable concentrations in these systems. The options for the quantitative evaluation of metal binding effectivity and selectivity of the various ligands and the comparison with each other by using solution equilibrium data are also discussed.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Anti-Virulence and Anticancer Evaluation of New 5(4H)-Oxazolone-Based Sulfonamides
Authors: Almalki Ahmad J. , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Taher Ehab S. , Mohamed Mamdouh F. A. , Youns Mahmoud , Hegazy Wael A. H. , Al-Mahmoudy Amany M. M.
Published: January 2022

Since the synthesis of prontosil the first prodrug shares their chemical moiety, sulfonamides exhibit diverse modes of actions to serve as antimicrobials, diuretics, antidiabetics, and other clinical applications. This inspiring chemical nucleus has promoted several research groups to investigate the synthesis of new members exploring new clinical applications. In this study, a novel series of 5(4H)-oxazolone-based-sulfonamides (OBS) 9a–k were synthesized, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against a wide range of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. Most of the tested compounds exhibited promising antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria particularly OBS 9b and 9f. Meanwhile, compound 9h showed the most potent antifungal activity. Moreover, the OBS 9a, 9b, and 9f that inhibited the bacterial growth at the lowest concentrations were subjected to further evaluation for their anti-virulence activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, the three tested compounds reduced the biofilm formation and diminished the production of virulence factors in both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Bacteria use a signaling system, quorum sensing (QS), to regulate their virulence. In this context, in silico study has been conducted to assess the ability of OBS to compete with the QS receptors. The tested OBS showed marked ability to bind and hinder QS receptors, indicating that anti-virulence activities of OBS could be due to blocking QS, the system that controls the bacterial virulence. Furthermore, anticancer activity has been further performed for such derivatives. The OBS compounds showed variable anti-tumor activities, specifically 9a, 9b, 9f and 9k, against different cancer lines. Conclusively, the OBS compounds can serve as antimicrobials, anti-virulence and anti-tumor agents.
Social Innovation: Field Analysis and Gaps for Future Research
Authors: Bataglin Jaiarys Capa , Kruglianskas Isak
Published: January 2022

Scientific publications on social innovation and interest in the subject have grown substantially in the last decade, evidencing the need for more studies in this direction. This study aimed to map the scientific publications and intellectual structure in the field of social innovation, through a bibliometric study. The bibliometric survey specifically considered the period 2006–2021, through data indexed by the SCOPUS database, which included journals with a high impact factor. A total of 1192 articles were analyzed using the software VOSviewer (VOS) 1.6.15, to graphically map the material. The results showed explosive growth in the academic literature on social innovation in the last decade; moreover, they allowed the identification of the main authors, articles, topics, institutions, and countries in the field. From the analyses, a theoretical framework structured with four main emphases (clusters) was evidenced: (1) social entrepreneurship and the third sector; (2) strategic management and innovation; (3) sociopolitical aspects, urban development, and governance; and (4) innovation and sustainability.
A New Method for Blow-Up to Scale-Invariant Damped Wave Equations with Derivatives and Combined Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Chen Yuanming
Published: January 2022

The Cauchy problems of scale-invariant damped wave equations with derivative nonlinear terms and with combined nonlinear terms are studied. A new method is provided to show that the solutions will blow up in a finite time, if the nonlinear powers satisfy some conditions. The method is based on constructing appropriate test functions, by using the solution of an ordinary differential equation. It may be useful to prove the nonexistence for global solutions for other nonlinear evolution equations.
Using an Administrative and Clinical Database to Determine the Early Spread of COVID-19 at the US Department of Veterans Affairs during the Beginning of the 2019–2020 Flu Season: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lukowsky Lilia R. , Der-Martirosian Claudia , Steers William Neil , Kamble Kiran S. , Dobalian Aram
Published: January 2022

Background. Previous studies examining the early spread of COVID-19 have used influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) to determine the early spread of COVID-19. We used COVID-19 case definition to identify COVID-like symptoms (CLS) independently of other influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). Methods. Using data from Emergency Department (ED) visits at VA Medical Centers in CA, TX, and FL, we compared weekly rates of CLS, ILIs, and non-influenza ILIs encounters during five consecutive flu seasons (2015–2020) and estimated the risk of developing each illness during the first 23 weeks of the 2019–2020 season compared to previous seasons. Results. Patients with CLS were significantly more likely to visit the ED during the first 23 weeks of the 2019–2020 compared to prior seasons, while ED visits for influenza and non-influenza ILIs did not differ substantially. Adjusted CLS risk was significantly lower for all seasons relative to the 2019–2020 season: RR15–16 = 0.72, 0.75, 0.72; RR16–17 = 0.81, 0.77, 0.79; RR17–18 = 0.80, 0.89, 0.83; RR18–19 = 0.82, 0.96, 0.81, in CA, TX, and FL, respectively. Conclusions. The observed increase in ED visits for CLS indicates the likely spread of COVID-19 in the US earlier than previously reported. VA data could potentially help identify emerging infectious diseases and supplement existing syndromic surveillance systems.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI SIMULASI UJIAN NASIONAL BERSTANDAR KOMPUTER BERBASIS WEB DI SDS MENTARI JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Fetriany Intan , Sobari I Agus
Published: January 2022

Dalam melakukan evaluasi hasil belajar siswa selama menjalani pendidikan di sekolah, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan mengeluarkan Peraturan Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 yang berisi tentang penegasan kembali pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional tahun ajaran 2016/2017 yang akan diprioritaskan menjadi Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK). Dengan sistem UNBK ini, tentunya siswa-siswi membutuhkan pembekalan khusus dalam menghadapi UNBK yang diadakan oleh pihak sekolah. Teknologi komputer dalam dunia pendidikan saat ini memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kreatifitas siswa-siswi dan mampu memudahkan pekerjaan, namun masih ada beberapa lembaga pendidikan yang belum menggunakan teknologi komputer contohnya di SDS MENTARI. Semua pekerjaan masih dilakukan secara manual membuat guru mengalami kesulitan dan hasil yang diperoleh memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama, misal pada kasus kali ini yaitu proses ujian, mengoreksi hasil ujian dan pencarian data siswa-siswi yang masih menggunakan cara manual. Pada kali ini penulis melakukan observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka di SDS MENTARI, selain itu metode yang digunakan untuk pengembangan sistem menggunakan analisa kebutuhan sistem, desain, code generation, testing dan support.
RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET IN 2020-2021: UNEMPLOYMENT AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia, Kashepov A.V. , Afonina K.V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia, Golovachev N.V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and labor market in the world and in the Russian Federation. The main issue is the impact of the crisis on the structure of the economy and the demand for labor in the context of types of employment and professional qualification groups of workers. The relevance of the topic and the novelty of the paper is due to the fact that the article examines the changes that have occurred in the labor market and in the employment sector in connection with the 2020 crisis. The practical significance lies in the development of the logic of the analysis of the crisis phenomena in the labor market and contains recommendations for improving statistical monitoring of unemployment. The article aims to study the sectoral and professional structure of employment in order to consider the ongoing changes in the analysis and forecast of the labor market for 2021. The article substantiates the relationship between the policy of forced restrictions of economic activity and unemployment, as well as structural changes in the labor market, including the development of distance employment and the growth in demand for professions related to the development of the Internet, communications and liaison.
Leiodontium geminoserratum (Hypnaceae, Bryophyta), a New Species from Thailand
Authors: He Si , Senayai Athita , Chantanaorrapint Sahut
Published: January 2022

Leiodontium geminoserratum S. He & Chantanaorr. (Hypnaceae), a new species from Thailand, is described herein based on distinctive morphological features. The new species resembles L. gracile Broth. from China and Nepal, but differs most notably in having moderately complanate leafy stems and branches, prorate laminal cells, doubly serrate basal leaf margin, and axillary hairs with a globose distal cell. A full description and photographs of the new species are provided.
Regularities of changes in the complex of physicomechanical, tribological and biological properties of a biocompatible material based on polyetheretherketone from the content of hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Karabanova A. B. , Peksimov O. E. , Andreeva T. I. , Prudskova T. N. , Sheveyko A. N. , Shtansky D. V. , Senatov F. S. , Balabanova V. A. , Gurenkov V. M. , Ilyasov A. R.
Published: January 2022

This work is devoted to the development of a biocompatible polymer-composite material based on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with the addition of a reinforcing phase - hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). This composite is considered as a promising material for use in medicine, for example, for the manufacture of components of a hip joint endoprosthesis or plates for fi xing fractures.

The paper considers the properties of the initial components of the material under development, studies the data on the biocompatibility of materials based on PEEK and their application in medicine, in particular, in orthopedics. Experimental data were used to study the eff ect of diff erent concentrations of h-BN on the properties of the composite. In the course of the work, the morphology and size of the particles of the starting materials, as well as the surface of the obtained samples after testing, were investigated, the dependences of the deformation-strength, tribological and biological characteristics on the composition of the composite were obtained and analyzed. A brief analysis of the results obtained is presented, as well as promising directions for the application of the developed material in orthopedics are proposed.
Heat-resistant epoxy adhesive
Authors: Kozhevnikov V. S. , Ivanov S. P.
Published: January 2022

This work is devoted to the development of a formulation for heat-resistant glue instead of imported, used at machine-building enterprises for fi xing strain gages. The infl uence of various modifi ers on the strength characteristics of the adhesive at diff erent temperatures has been studied. The developed adhesive, which is not inferior in strength characteristics and heat resistance to the imported analog, has passed bench and full-scale tests. The selection of epoxy resins and a hardener for obtaining a heat-resistant adhesive composition was made. The infl uence of various modifi ers on the strength characteristics of adhesives at diff erent temperatures has been studied.
Post-quantum software for distillation of non-orthogonal quantum states through binary frames
Authors: SAMPERIO-GUZMAN Emmanuel H. , LIZAMA-PÉREZ Luis A. , LÓPEZ-ROMERO J. Mauricio
Published: January 2022

Quantum cryptography is a paradigm for the establishment of secret keys and data confidentiality, which represents an alternative in the quantum era because its security properties are based on the principles of quantum physics. Unfortunately, errors that occur during transmission and detection of quantum states have made it difficult to implement this technology globally. However, a new cryptographic key quantum distribution scheme based on non-orthogonal state pairs has recently been published which considerably outperforms known schemes. This article describes the fundamentals of this protocol which are represented as an algorithm and the pseudo-code of the most relevant functions of the system is shown; The current development of the software for the distillation of non-orthogonal quantum states by means of binary frames is presented, which demonstrates the transmission control, reconciliation and privacy amplification of the shared secret bits. Likewise, we present the results obtained from the computer system and its interpretation in relation to the efficiency of the protocol, which exceeds 50% channel error rates and a quadratic growth of the length of the secret key as a function of the number of double detection events. Objectives: Demonstrate the effectiveness of the non-orthogonal state distillation protocol through binary frames using the software developed. Methodology: For the development of this project, the following methodology has been carried out (see Figure 1). Contribution: The results of this software guide tests for quantum distillation in an experimental communications environment in order to provide a useful solution in the era of quantum information transmission and communication technologies.
Estudio comparativo entre el índice de masa corporal y el control postural en alumnos sanos de la carrera de Terapia Física de la Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca
Authors: Vázquez-Chacón Verónica , Terrazas-López Guillermo , Sánchez-Barrera Erendira
Published: January 2022

Objective: To analyze in a population of young university students of the Degree in Physical Therapy of the Polytechnic University of Pachuca the influence of BMI on postural, antero-posterior, mid-lateral and general stability through the use of Biodex Balance SD system. Method: Measurements of height BMI weight of all individuals were performed, data were presented by means of registration tables, then the results were classified according to the BMI that presented each of them separating them into low, normal and overweight BMI groups and their postural stability test results were compared between these normal groups and the results presented graphically. Results: According to the comparisons, it was noted that overweight is a determining factor in postural control, mainly in the anteroposterior index with a score greater than .06 over those of normal BMI and .1 of those of low.
U-shaped trajectories in an L2 context: Evidence from the acquisition of verb morphology
Authors: Williams Stefan , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Vulchanova Mila
Published: January 2022

This study explores U-shaped behaviour in the acquisition of irregular verb morphology across three groups of Norwegian L2 learners of English. This phenomenon is especially interesting due to its significance for the organization and division between the mental lexicon and grammar. We hypothesized that if U-shaped behaviour was observable, then we would find significant differences in participants’ performance accuracy levels in conjunction with overregularization errors. We report results on the acquisition of irregular verb morphology, in addition to mean reaction times on different types of responses (accurate responses and overregularized ones). The final analysis includes data from participants from the 8 th grade (N=17), 9 th grade (N=19), and 10 th grade (N=15). We report results of the acquisition of irregular verbs, in addition to reaction latencies. Participants responded to an elicitation task to test performance on 40 items. The results are consistent with the later stages of U-shaped learning. We found an increase in overall accuracy co-occurring with a decrease in overregularization errors. We propose that the existence of U-shaped behaviour in the L2 is indicative of a general underlying input-driven learning pattern, and that this process is an integral part of acquiring knowledge upon exposure to irregularities in a productive paradigm.
Si può essere sconcentrati?
Authors: Giovine Sara
Published: January 2022

Diversi lettori ci scrivono per avere chiarimenti sulla correttezza dell’uso del verbo sconcentrare nel significato di ‘distrarre, distogliere dalla concentrazione’ e della corrispondente forma derivata sconcentrato,
Creative Placemaking Pada Ruang Terbuka Publik Wisata Bangunan Cagar Budaya, Untuk Memperkuat Karakter Dan Identitas Tempat
Authors: Atika Firdha Ayu , Poedjioetami Esty
Published: January 2022

Gedung Kesenian Sobokartti merupakan salah satu cagar budaya di Kota Semarang, yang perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya. Upaya revitalisasi dilakukan untuk menghidupkan kembali eksistensi dari Gedung Sobokartti, sebagai pusat aktivitas budaya. Penelitian ini menekankan kepada penataan ruang terbuka publik, yang dapat berpotensi untuk memperkuat karakter dan identitas suatu tempat. Creative Placemaking digunakan sebagai pendekatan desain ruang publik yang merefleksikan kreatifitas dari seni dan budaya. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, untuk meningkatkan karakter dan identitas ruang terbuka publik Sobokartti adalah dengan mengkombinasikan aspek budaya, makna, dan kreatifitas menjadi satu kesatuan.