bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of intra‐operative void score during transurethral resection of prostate as a marker of efficacy: a feasibility study
Authors: Robinson Christian , Hepburn Alastair , Turner Robin M. , Zarrabi Amir D.
Published: March 2022

Background

To assess the feasibility of a novel intra‐operative void scoring technique. To determine if intra‐operative void score (VS) could act as a marker for post‐operative success following TURP.

Methods

Fifteen patients undergoing TURP were included in this single‐centre feasibility study. All patients had indwelling urinary catheters for recurrent retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In theatre, immediately before‐ and after TURP, an intra‐operative VS was measured and graded 0–5. Primary outcomes were the feasibility of measuring intra‐operative VS and its accuracy in predicting surgical outcome.

Results

A combined pre‐ and post‐score with a threshold ≥6 correctly predicted 82% of those who were catheter free (sensitivity) and 100% of those who were not catheter free (specificity) at follow up and the positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value 60%.

Conclusion

Intra‐operative void score during TURP is simple, reproducible, fast and requires minimal resources. In TURP it may predict successful outcomes by identifying patients who will be catheter free post‐operatively as opposed to those who will be catheter dependent despite the procedure.
Effect of enteral immunonutrition compared with enteral nutrition on surgical wound infection, immune and inflammatory factors, serum proteins, and cellular immunity in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Houfeng , Li Bing , Liang Zhenxiong
Published: March 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of enteral immunonutrition compared with enteral nutrition on surgical wound infection, immune and inflammatory factors, serum proteins, and cellular immunity in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy. A systematic literature search up to November 2021 was done, and 10 studies included 1056 subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy at the start of the study: 505 of them were provided with enteral immunonutrition, and 551 were enteral nutrition. They were reporting relationships about the effect of enteral immunonutrition compared with enteral nutrition on surgical wound infection, immune and inflammatory factors, serum proteins, and cellular immunity in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effect of enteral immunonutrition compared with enteral nutrition on surgical wound infection, immune and inflammatory factors, serum proteins, and cellular immunity in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy using the dichotomous or contentious method with a random or fixed‐effect model. Enteral immunonutrition had no significant difference in the surgical wound infection (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.50‐1.19, P = .24), the infectious complication (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, .48‐1.09, P = .13), the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (MD, ‐0.50; 95% CI, −1.40 to 0.39, P = .27), the CD8+ level (MD, 1.34; 95% CI, 0‐2.68, P = .05), the CD4+ level (MD, 1.21; 95% CI, −7.65 to 10.07, P = .79), the CD4‐CD8+ (MD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0‐1.10, P = .05), the lymphocyte (MD, −0.77; 95% CI, −1.87 to 0.33, P = .17), and the transferrin (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.08, P = .14) compared with enteral nutrition in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy. However, enteral immunonutrition had significantly higher proalbumin (MD, 22.15; 95% CI, 3.57‐40.72, P = .02), IgM (MD, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.50, P < .001), and IgG (MD, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.08‐2.89, P < .001) compared with enteral nutrition in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy. Enteral immunonutrition had no significant difference in the surgical wound infection, the infectious complication, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the CD8+ level, the CD4+ level, the CD4+/CD8+, the lymphocyte, and the transferrin, and had significantly higher proalbumin, IgM, and IgG compared with enteral nutrition in subjects with gastric cancer undergoing a total gastrectomy. Further studies are required to validate these findings or to affect the confidence level.
Clinical benefit of combined assessment of physical and psychological frailty in patients with heart failure
Authors: Iwatsu Kotaro , Adachi Takuji , Kamisaka Kenta , Kamiya Kuniyasu , Iida Yuki , Yamada Sumio ,   the FLAGSHIP collabolators
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Physical frailty becomes a robust risk factor in patients with heart failure (HF) and coexistence of physical and psychological frailty is likely to be a prognostic indicator. This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of coexistence of these two factors in patients with HF.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study (FLAGSHIP). We analyzed data from 2502 patients with HF from the FLAGSHIP study in Japan. We divided the patients into four physical frailty categories using a frailty score ranging from 0 to 14 (<4: I, 4–8: II, 9–12: III, and 14: IV, the score 13 does not exist in calculation). The higher category indicates more severe physical frailty. Psychological frailty was defined as the presence of cognitive decline and/or depressive symptoms. The study outcome was a 2‐year composite outcome of rehospitalization for HF or all‐cause mortality after hospital discharge.

Results

During the 3734.7 person‐year follow‐up, 774 patients experienced the composite outcome. After adjusting for confounders, physical and psychological frailty were independently associated with adverse outcomes. Using physical frailty category I, without psychological frailty as the reference, adjusted hazard ratios for adverse outcomes were 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–1.92] for category I with psychological frailty, 0.99 (95% CI 0.71–1.37) for category II without psychological frailty, 1.61 (95% CI 1.16–2.23) for category II with psychological frailty, 1.56 (95% CI 1.14–2.15) for category III without psychological frailty, 1.62 (95% CI 1.20–2.20) for category III with psychological frailty, 1.50 (95% CI 1.05–2.14) for category IV without psychological frailty, and 2.16 (95% CI 1.59–2.94) for category IV with psychological frailty, respectively.

Conclusions

Combined assessment of physical and psychological frailty leads to more detailed risk stratification of patients with HF.
Improvement in thermoregulation outcomes following the implementation of a thermoregulation bundle for preterm infants
Authors: Singh Tarun S , Skelton Hannah , Baird Jane , Padernia Ann‐Maree , Maheshwari Rajesh , Shah Dharmesh M , D'Cruz Daphne , Luig Melissa , Jani Pranav
Published: March 2022

Aim

Hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A local audit revealed 60% preterm infants ≤32 weeks gestation and/or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) had an abnormal body temperature at admission. This study compares thermoregulatory outcomes before and after the implementation of a thermoregulation bundle in the birthing environment.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study reviewed thermoregulatory data for all inborn preterm (≤32 weeks) and/or VLBW infants for a period of 30 months before (Group 1: 1st January 2013 to 30 June 2015) and after changes to thermoregulation practice (Group 2: 1st July 2015 to 31 December 2017). The key practice changes included: improved anticipation and staff preparedness, wrapping infant in a polyethylene sheet, using a polyethylene lined bonnet, using servo‐control mode at birth and during transport.

Results

There were 282 and 286 infants in group 1 and group 2 respectively, with similar baseline characteristics. A clinically and statistically significant improvement was observed in the proportion of infants with normothermia (33% in group 1 to 60% in group 2, P < 0.0001) including the sub‐group of extremely preterm (<28 weeks gestation) infants (38 to 60%, P = 0.0083). A higher mean admission temperature was observed for group 2 (36.10°C ± 0.78 in group 1 vs 36.52°C ± 0.61 in group 2, P < 0.0001). Moderate hypothermia was reduced by two‐thirds in group 2 (41–12%, P = <0.0001).

Conclusions

The introduction of a thermoregulation bundle improved admission temperature, improved the proportion of normothermia and reduced moderate hypothermia in preterm infants.
On the continuity of metaphysics with science: Some scepticism and some suggestions
Authors: Ritchie Jack
Published: March 2022

Many think a respectable metaphysics ought to be in some way continuous with science. This paper identifies three broad and overlapping ways this idea has been developed: first, that science and metaphysics are methodologically continuous; second, that metaphysics is an attempt to synthesise scientific and non‐scientific knowledge; and, third, that metaphysics is the project of interpreting our best scientific theories. The paper argues that all three projects, understood as attempts to uncover the truth, fail. It ends by sketching some alternative ways to think of metaphysical theorising once it is liberated from the goal of truth.
Bentham as a Theorist of the Rule of Law and His Idea of Universal Interest
Authors: Kaino Michihiro
Published: March 2022

I will focus on three chapters of Professor Gerald Postema’s book Utility, Publicity, and Law: Essays on Bentham’s Moral and Legal Philosophy (2019). In these chapters, Postema offered new and compelling interpretations of Bentham’s work, such as his notion that Bentham was a theorist of the rule of law. However, it is difficult to assume that the majority would exercise moral sanctions and control legislators when the interests of the minority are violated by some legislation. Relating to this, I will argue that Bentham was a precursor to the modern theorists who tried to design some architecture for democracy.
Friend support buffers the relationship between maltreatment and nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescence
Authors: Liu Jinmeng , Liu Xia , Wang Hui , Gao Yemiao
Published: March 2022

Background

Prior studies have mostly focused on the risk factors for nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), but only a few studies have emphasized the related protective factors. The present study examined whether maltreatment and behavioral problems were risk factors for NSSI. Moreover, we also sought to understand whether and how friend support provides a buffer against NSSI.

Method

A total of 436 adolescents completed self‐report surveys that addressed maltreatment, behavioral problems, friend support, and NSSI at three different time points.

Results

There were significant positive correlations between maltreatment and NSSI. In the mediation analyses, we found that maltreatment was indirectly associated with NSSI via behavioral problems. Friend support demonstrated a long‐term buffering effect on NSSI. Specifically, friend support had a protective effect on NSSI not only under high maltreatment levels, but also under high behavioral problem levels.

Conclusion

These findings contribute to the understanding of the influences of both maltreatment, behavioral problems (risk factors), and friend support (protective factors) on NSSI. In the context of intervention and education, it is important to consider the value of friend support when discussing NSSI.
Versión breve del Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo para población chilena: Una comparación internacional
Authors: Jofré Ignacio , Oyanadel Cristián , Peñate-Castro Wenceslao
Published: March 2022

La perspectiva temporal ha sido un tema con un creciente interés en el mundo académico, debido a la relación que se ha establecido entre esta variable y elementos como bienestar subjetivo, autoestima, ansiedad, estrés, entre otras. El instrumento más utilizado para su medición, el Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo (ZTPI), ha sido traducido y adaptado para su utilización en diversos países, incluyendo la construcción de versiones breves. El presente estudio propone una versión breve para la población chilena con una muestra de 829 personas (46.6 % hombres, edad media = 29.33 DE = 13.48), realizando una comparación con otras 6 versiones breves extranjeras disponibles. La versión propuesta cuenta con 15 ítems, 3 para cada uno de los 5 factores de la versión original. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para comprobar la adecuación del modelo, obteniéndose un buen ajuste, similar a lo encontrado por otros estudios. Se plantea continuar estudiando y mejorando las propiedades psicométricas de esta versión, realzando la importancia de tener en cuenta las diferencias debido a factores culturales.
Metagenomes and Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from Substrate-Amended Hot Spring Sediment Incubations from Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Reichart Nicholas J. , Bowers Robert M. , Woyke Tanja , Hatzenpichler Roland
Published: March 2022

Here, we report on eight sediment metagenomes obtained from an alkaline hot spring, with their corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes. Samples had been incubated for 48 h with various substrate amendments in conjunction with the amino acid analog
l
-homopropargylglycine in a study targeted at identifying anabolicly active uncultured thermophilic archaea and bacteria.
Supplemental Material: The Blåhø Nappe, central Norwegian Scandinavian Caledonides: An oceanic arc–back-arc assemblage distinct from the Seve Nappe Complex
Authors: Hollocher Kurt , al. et
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Sample locations and descriptions; Table S2: Mineral assemblages from thin sections; Table S3: Major and trace element concentrations; Table S4: Weight norms; and Table S5: Age dates used in Figure 8.
Supplemental Material: U-Pb zircon ages and Sm-Nd isotopic data from the Cobequid Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada: New contributions to understanding the Neoproterozoic geologic history of Avalonia
Authors: White Chris , al. et
Published: March 2022

Supplemental Material S1–S3 and Tables S1–S5
Balancing prey availability and predator consumption: a multispecies stock assessment for Lake Ontario
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kimberly B. , Weidel Brian C. , Connerton Michael J. , Lantry Jana R. , Holden Jeremy P. , Yuille Michael J. , Lantry Brian , LaPan Steven R. , Rudstam Lars G. , Sullivan Patrick J. , Brenden Travis O. , Sethi Suresh A.
Published: March 2022

Trophic interactions are drivers of ecosystem change and stability, yet are often excluded from fishery assessment models, despite their potential capacity to improve estimates of species dynamics and future fishery sustainability. In Lake Ontario, recreational salmonine fisheries, including Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush), depend on a single prey species, alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus). To accommodate strong trophic interactions among species, we developed a multispecies statistical catch-at-age assessment (MSCAA) model that links the dynamics of the salmonine fisheries and alewife via prey consumption and predator growth. We found that prey availability had declined since 2015 due to decreased alewife recruitment and increased Chinook salmon biomass, leading to higher alewife mortality rates and lower predator growth rates. Forward projections of predator–prey dynamics suggest that Chinook salmon stocking reductions may improve the probability for alewife population growth, but could be counteracted by increased natural Chinook salmon recruitment. Combined with predator- and prey-monitoring efforts, multispecies assessments show promise as models of intermediate complexity to support a transition to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management.
Middle or Muddle: Whither Post-Abe Japan?
Authors: SATOH Haruko
Published: March 2022

The brief political disruption in October 2021 that put Kishida Fumio as Japan’s prime minister may restore an ideological balance within the Liberal Democratic Party, a conservative party whose strength lies in its ability to be a broad church of views on issues related to foreign and security policies. This would be important to the Indo-Pacific region where events will be shaped largely by the contests between China and the United States.
On the Structure of the Boolean Satisfiability Problem: A Survey
Authors: Alyahya Tasniem Nasser , Menai Mohamed El Bachir , Mathkour Hassan
Published: March 2022

The Booleansatisfiability problem (SAT)is a fundamental NP-complete decision problem in automated reasoning and mathematical logic. As evidenced by the results of SAT competitions, the performance of SAT solvers varies substantially between different SAT categories (random, crafted, and industrial). A suggested explanation is that SAT solvers may exploit the underlying structure inherent to SAT instances. There have been attempts to define the structure of SAT in terms of structural measures such as phase transition, backbones, backdoors, small-world, scale-free, treewidth, centrality, community, self-similarity, and entropy. Still, the empirical evidence of structural measures for SAT has been provided for only some SAT categories. Furthermore, the evidence has not been theoretically proven. Also, the impact of structural measures on the behavior of SAT solvers has not been extensively examined. This work provides a comprehensive study on structural measures for SAT that have been presented in the literature. We provide an overview of the works on structural measures for SAT and their relatedness to the performance of SAT solvers. Accordingly, a taxonomy of structural measures for SAT is presented. We also review in detail important applications of structural measures for SAT, focusing mainly on enhancing SAT solvers, generating SAT instances, and classifying SAT instances.
OP-VENT
Authors: Dally William J.
Published: March 2022

A mechanical ventilator keeps a patient with respiratory failure alive by pumping precisely controlled amounts of air (or an air/O2 mixture) at controlled pressure into the patient's lungs [3, 5]. During intake (inspiration), the ventilator meters the flow of air and the duration of the flow to deliver a controlled tidal volume of air (typically 50 to 800 mL). During the exhaust (expiration) phase, the flow is turned off and a path is opened to allow the patient to exhale to the atmosphere - possibly with a positive pressure maintained at the end of the expiratory period (PEEP). The timing of the breaths can be entirely managed by the ventilator, or a new breath can be initiated by the patient.
PPFL
Authors: Mo Fan , Haddadi Hamed , Katevas Kleomenis , Marin Eduard , Perino Diego , Kourtellis Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Mobile networks and devices provide the users with ubiquitous connectivity, while many of their functionality and business models rely on data analysis and processing. In this context, Machine Learning (ML) plays a key role and has been successfully leveraged by the different actors in the mobile ecosystem (e.g., application and Operating System developers, vendors, network operators, etc.). Traditional ML designs assume (user) data are collected and models are trained in a centralized location. However, this approach has privacy consequences related to data collection and processing. Such concerns have incentivized the scientific community to design and develop Privacy-preserving ML methods, including techniques like Federated Learning (FL) where the ML model is trained or personalized on user devices close to the data; Differential Privacy, where data are manipulated to limit the disclosure of private information; Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), where most of the computation is run under a secure/ private environment; and Multi-Party Computation, a cryptographic technique that allows various parties to run joint computations without revealing their private data to each other.
Study on Prediction of Outburst Risk of Excavation Face by Initial Gas Emission
Authors: Gao Lu , Kang Xiangtao , Tang Meng , Hu Jinguo , Ren Jiachi , Zhou Cunliu
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of coal and gas outburst risk prediction for an excavation face, an outburst equilibrium equation for the excavation face was established based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion to predict the coal and gas outburst risk for the excavation face. The numerical model was established using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software to explore the relationship between the initial gas emissions from the borehole and the gas pressure. Using a ZTL20/1000-Z mine flameproof prediction device, taking excavation face 9301 in the Anshun Coal Mine in Guizhou Province, China, as the research object, and taking the detailed regulations for prevention and control of coal and gas outburst promulgated by the China Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau in 2019 as the prediction standard for coal and gas outbursts, an experiment on the outburst risk prediction for the excavation face was conducted. The results show that the gas pressure measured in the borehole is positively correlated with the initial gas emissions, and the initial gas flow can be used as a sensitive index to predict the outburst risk of the excavation face. The initial gas flow increases as the borehole depth increases, and it tends to be stable in the later stage. The initial borehole gas flow can not only reflect the outburst risk but also reveal the possible location of the outburst, which has obvious advantages over other outburst prediction indexes.
Digital Media Art Display Design and Research under the Research of 3D Point Cloud Data Acquisition Technology Based on Sequence Images
Authors: Ye Weina , Li Yuhui
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the digital media art (DMAT) display design through the acquisition technology of 3D point cloud data of sequence images. This paper integrates digital media art to the display design, making the display design more colorfulness and promoting the development of the display design. The main method adopted in this paper is the 3D reconstruction technology based on sequence diagram, which includes image segmentation method and sequence feature extraction method. Through experiments, it is found that 3D point cloud data acquisition technology based on sequence images can effectively combine DMAT and display design, so that both can develop healthily. In the era of digital media, new thinking on display design, including how display designers should deal with and maximize the development potential of digital media in the face of new technologies and future viewing models. Research into DMAT and display design will have a huge impact on display art. It can be seen from the data in of this article that the development percentage of digital media art 2018 ranges from 9.8% to 15%. The range of the development percentage of digital media art 2021 is 17%-36%. It can be seen how the development of DMAT is very rapid, so it is urgent to study the display design of digital media.
The Empirical Change of Playing Habits among Children
Authors: Gutierrez Ariel , Guzman Neriza G. , Ramos Ramilet , Uylengco Jan Katherine A.
Published: March 2022

To maximize the growth and manage psychological distress as well as the formation of good character, children need to develop a variety of skills such as cognitive, language, self-regulation, and social-emotional skills which often appended in different outdoor traditional games.  Thus, the degree of playing traditional games by the children nowadays compared with the previous generation is discussed in this study. 38 parents regardless of their status and gender were surveyed on their active participation in the traditional games as children, as well as their children’s play involvement today who are 1-12 years old. Data were collected through the created Google form link and sent via Messenger and email blasts to parents. Findings reveal that (1) significant number of children nowadays tend to play video games instead of playing traditional games; (2) safety is the utmost concern of the parents which hinder children to play some of the traditional outdoor games; and (3) the availability of mobile phones with uploaded game apps has contributed to the ignorance of traditional game playing culture.
A case study of newly tunnels over-crossing the existing subway tunnels
Authors: Wu Ben , Liu Wei , Shi Peixin , Xu Xiangyang , Liu Yingjing
Published: March 2022

Due to the continuous expansion of congested urban areas, many new tunnels are inevitable to over-cross the existing subway lines and may even affect the operation of existing lines. It is vital to investigate the response of existing tunnel caused by over-crossing tunneling. In this study, a case history of closely spaced twin tunnels excavated above the existing tunnels in soft soil stratum was presented. The deformation of the existing tunnels induced by the excavation of the new tunnels was automatically monitored. In-situ monitoring results showed that the vertical displacement of the existing tunnels was mainly uplift and its development showed obvious phase characteristics. The increase rate of the vertical displacement in Phase I and II induced by the second over-crossing was smaller than that of the first over-crossing. A superposition method was employed to describe the uplift section characteristics of the existing tunnels. The influence ranges of tunnel excavation on the left and right lines of the existing tunnels were approximately 5.5D and 4.5D, respectively. The torsional deformation of the rail bed and the convergence of the existing tunnels are explored, and the reasons for the changes of the over-crossing sections are analyzed at the same time.
Utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) among undergraduate health science students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailegebreal Samuel , Sedi Tigists Tolessa , Belete Selamawit , Mengistu Kirubel , Getachew Anteneh , Bedada Daniel , Molla Mebrie , Shibiru Tamiru , Mengiste Shegaw Anagaw
Published: March 2022

Background

We already know that incorporating information and Communication technology (ICT) into every aspect of human activity result in significant change and makes tasks easier to complete. It can help in areas of healthcare systems and medical education. Therefore, this study aimed to assess utilization ICT and its associated factors among Arba Minch University College Medicine and Health Science students.

Methods

A cross sectional study design was conducted in June through August 2021 among under graduate students in college of medicine and health science at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the students’ socio-demographic factors as well as the utilization ICT. The data entry form was prepared with Epi-data 3.1 versions software and STATA version 14 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 355 participants enrolled in the study, with a response rate of 98.34%. The percentage of students who used ICT was 55.77% [95% CI, 0.50, 0.60]. Regarding of field of study, health informatics students (84%) used the most ICT, while midwifery students (52%) used the least. Urban resident [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.08, 3.16], ICT knowledge [AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.25, 6.40], having formal training of ICT [AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.06,3.48], having IT in current course study [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.23, 3.84], and had good IT skill [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.34, 4.23] revealed a significant and positive correlation with the use of ICT.

Conclusion

In the current study previous residence, ICT knowledge, having formal training, having IT in current courses, and IT skill were significantly associated with student ICT utilization. Therefore, the university should continue to invest in professional development in order to improve teaching and student performance, as well as provide the college with student-centered ICT computer labs to encourage students to use technology.
Breathing New Life into Treaties: History, Politics, the Law, and Aboriginal Grievances in Canada’s Maritime Provinces
Authors: Coates Ken
Published: March 2022

The 1999 Supreme Court of Canada decision in the case of R. v. Donald Marshall Jr. brought about a dramatic change in Aboriginal (First Nations) fishing and harvesting rights in Canada’s Maritime Provinces. Marshall argued that a series of eighteenth-century treaties signed between the Mi’kmaq and the British government guaranteed his right to fish for commercial purposes. The British and, later, the Canadian governments accorded little priority to these treaties, despite repeated protests by the Mi’kmaq. The Supreme Court’s decision caught most observers by surprise, particularly because of the sweeping provisions it made for Aboriginal participation in the commercial fishery. Political controversy followed, sparked by the absence of decisive action by the federal government, by the First Nations’ determination to commence commercial fishing, and by growing anger at "judicial activism" by the Supreme Court. The resulting tensions exacerbated long-standing ethnic tensions in the region. The Marshall decision represented a major turning point in Aboriginal harvesting rights in Canada. The Supreme Court’s judgment gave new power to treaties that non-Aboriginal governments had chosen to ignore. At the same time, the decision provided Aboriginal Maritimers with assured access to important fisheries (particularly the lucrative lobster trade) and therefore a key role in the evolving regional economy.
Oxen to Organs: Chattel Credit in Springdale Town, 1849–1900
Authors: Bogue Allan G. , Cannon Brian Q. , Winkle Kenneth J.
Published: March 2022

Historians have noted the importance of chattel-mortgage financing in nineteenth-century Midwestern agriculture, including its contribution to farmer distress but have not examined its incidence, purposes, or practices in detail. Here the authors describe chattel mortgaging in the town of Springdale, Dane County, Wisconsin between 1848 and 1900, focusing on the borrowing and lending practices of the farmer householders listed in the population and agricultural federal census schedules of 1860 and 1880 and relating them to economic development, production patterns, and the ethnocultural backgrounds, tenure, and gender of the farm operators. They provide comparative data on the extent to which the farmers also borrowed on landed security. They include two detailed case histories of unsuccessful chattel borrowers but also show the importance of chattel credit in the agricultural mechanization that occurred during these years. This type of credit involved smaller principal sums than land credit but was a significant element in the business and commercial processes of the town and although more costly than land credit the difference was apparently less than has been suggested on the basis of experience elsewhere in this era. Farmer distress as reflected in foreclosures was greatest here at earlier dates than those of the Populist Era.
Recessions, Mortality, and Migration Bias: Evidence from the Lancashire Cotton Famine
Authors: Arthi Vellore , Beach Brian , Hanlon W. Walker
Published: March 2022

We examine the health effects of the Lancashire Cotton Famine, a sharp downturn in Britain's cotton textile manufacturing regions that was induced by the US Civil War. Migration was an important response to this downturn, but as we document, migration also introduces a number of empirical challenges, which we overcome by introducing a new methodological approach. Our results indicate that the recession increased mortality among households employed in the cotton textile industry. We also document localized spillover effects on households providing nontradable services in the areas affected by the recession. (JEL E32, I12, J63, N13, N33, N63, N93)
Determinants of analytics-based managerial decisionmaking
Authors: Thirathon Usarat , Wieder Bernhard , Ossimitz Maria-Luise
Published: March 2022

This study investigates how managerial decision-making is influenced by Big Data analytics, analysts’ interaction skills and quantitative skills of senior and middle managers. The results of a cross-sectional survey of senior IT managers reveal that Big Data analytics (BDA) creates an incentive for managers to base more of their decisions on analytic insights. However, we also find that interaction skills of analysts and – even more so – managers’ quantitative skills are stronger drivers of analytics-based decision-making. Finally, our analysis reveals that, contrary to mainstream perceptions, managers in smaller organizations are more capable in terms of quantitative skills, and they are significantly more likely to base their decisions on analytics than managers in large organizations. Considering the important role of managers’ quantitative skills in leveraging analytic decision support, our findings suggest that smaller firms may owe some of their analytic advantages to the fact that they have managers who are closer to their analysts – and analytics more generally.
Decision-making to switch your ERP system: empirical Japanese evidence
Authors: Huang Tingting
Published: March 2022

A huge research gap in ERP life cycle, the Decline stage, remains. Not only limited empirical evidence is found to support the Decline stage, but also, the existence of this stage is not acknowledged by the majority. On the other hand, because that the Decline stage is short of theory and data support, organizations which are or will be at this stage have little help to deal with what might happen. This research aims at proposing a practical decision model for organizations facing ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) switching/reversion. The process model of Rasmussen’s Cognitive Control of Decision Processes was adopted as the theory lens to construct the decision model. Based on the survey results from eighteen organizations, a descriptive model - A2O model - is proposed. This research fulfills the blank in the ERP life cycle, provides the empirical supports on exploring the critical issues, and enlightens vendors and consultants on product development and customer service.
The structure balance of gene-gene networks beyond pairwise interactions
Authors: Allahyari Nastaran , Kargaran Amir , Hosseiny Ali , Jafari G. R.
Published: March 2022

Despite its high and direct impact on nearly all biological processes, the underlying structure of gene-gene interaction networks is investigated so far according to pair connections. To address this, we explore the gene interaction networks of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae beyond pairwise interaction using the structural balance theory (SBT). Specifically, we ask whether essential and nonessential gene interaction networks are structurally balanced. We study triadic interactions in the weighted signed undirected gene networks and observe that balanced and unbalanced triads are over and underrepresented in both networks, thus beautifully in line with the strong notion of balance. Moreover, we note that the energy distribution of triads is significantly different in both essential and nonessential networks compared to the shuffled networks. Yet, this difference is greater in the essential network regarding the frequency as well as the energy of triads. Additionally, results demonstrate that triads in the essential gene network are more interconnected through sharing common links, while in the nonessential network they tend to be isolated. Last but not least, we investigate the contribution of all-length signed walks and its impact on the degree of balance. Our findings reveal that interestingly when considering longer cycles, not only, both essential and nonessential gene networks are more balanced compared to their corresponding shuffled networks, but also, the nonessential gene network is more balanced compared to the essential network.
What’s it like to deal with racism?
Authors: Muratovski Gjoko
Published: March 2022

In conversation with Randall Wilson
Presentación. El populismo como problema histórico: algunas reflexiones
Authors: Ponce Alberca Julio
Published: March 2022

Presentación
The Role of Narrative Format in Improving Narrative Transport and Empathy among Fiction and Non Fiction Readers
Authors: Savitri Setiawati Intan , Nuha Farhah Kamilatun
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-fiction (news) and fiction (short story) narrative formatscould have different effects in increasing narrative transport and readers’ empathy. The study was conductedusing an experimental pre-posttest method and two groups designed. Participants of 62 students (male = 19,female = 43, Mage= 21.6) were randomly assigned to two groups of reading conditions (non-fiction vs. fiction),then their level of empathy and narrative transport were measured after manipulation/treatment. The measuresused were the Narrative Transport Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The statistical analysismethod used was the MANCOVA test. Differences in conditions (non-fiction vs. fiction) as independentvariables, baseline narrative transport score and empathy as covariates to be controlled. The test results betweenthe group multivariate test showed that there was a significant difference between the reading groups of non-fiction and fiction on narrative transport and readers’ empathy simultaneously after controlling for the pre-testnarrative transport and pre-test empathy variables, F(2, 57) = 3.291, p < .05, Wilks’ Λ = .896, with power ηp2 =.104 (10.4%). The univariate test on each dependent variable (empathy, narrative transport) in terms of textreading (non-fiction vs. fiction), after controlling for covariates (pre-test empathy, pre-test narrative transport),only differed significantly in the dependent variable narrative transport, F(5, 55) , p < 0.05, with ηp2 = .087 (8.7%),but not significant on the dependent variable empathy. The discussion is related to the familiarity of the readertowards the main character in non-fiction and fiction texts
The Role of Loneliness and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in College Students
Authors: Ausie Roselli Kezia , Poerwandari Kristi
Published: March 2022

High prevalence of depressive symptoms was found in college students. Loneliness, as one common problem incollege students, is assumed to have a role in the development of depressive symptoms. Earlier research foundself-compassion to be associated with better mental health. It is necessary to examine how loneliness and self-compassion play a role in the presence of depressive symptoms in college students. A total of 401 college studentsin the Jabodetabek area were involved in this research by completing online measurement instruments consistingof demographic questionnaire, 6-Item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form,and Patient Health Questionnaire - 9. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results showed thatloneliness had a significant role in predicting the increase in depressive symptoms, b = .374; t(392) = 7.68, p <.01, while self-compassion was able to predict the reduction of depressive symptoms in college students, b = -.353; t(392) = -7.15, p < .01. This study illustrates the importance of considering the quality of relationships anddeveloping self-compassion as an effort to reduce depression symptoms in college student
Prilog poznavanju dviju glava porijeklom iz crkve-pećine Sv. Ante opata u šibenskom Kanalu sv. Ante
Authors: Prijatelj Pavičić Ivana
Published: March 2022

Godine 1912. ugledni hrvatski povjesničar i arheolog don Luka Jelić posjetio je s poznatim austrijskim povjesničarem umjetnosti Hansom Folnesicsem špilju Sv. Ante opata u Kanalu sv. Ante. Tom prigodom u špilji je zatekao jednu mušku glavu i jedno žensko poprsje. Muška se glava danas čuva u fundusu Muzeja grada Šibenika, dok je žensko poprsje, nažalost, otuđeno iz ovog muzeja sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, i nije poznata njegova kasnija sudbina. Obje glave dosad nisu bile znanstveno obrađene u povijesti umjetnosti. Stoga autorica u članku istražuje pitanja autorstva, datacije i porijekla spomenutih dviju glava iz nekadašnje pustinjačke crkve Sv. Ante opata. U okviru istraživanja spomenutih glava, autorica se u radu osvrće i na skulpturu za koju je utvrđeno da potječe iz šibenske katedrale, a iz nje je uklonjena u vrijeme ili nakon njezine obnove koja se vodila od 1848. do 1860. godine.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Amylin and calcitonin – physiology and pharmacology
Authors: Mathiesen David S , Lund Asger , Holst Jens J , Knop Filip K , Lutz Thomas A , Bagger Jonatan I
Published: March 2022

Type 2 diabetes is a common manifestation of metabolic dysfunction due to obesity and constitutes a major burden for modern health care systems, in concert with the alarming rise in obesity worldwide. In recent years, several successful pharmacotherapies improving glucose metabolism have emerged and some of these also promote weight loss, thus, ameliorating insulin resistance. However, the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes is not halted by these new anti-diabetic pharmacotherapies. Therefore, novel therapies promoting weight loss further and delaying diabetes progression are needed. Amylin, a beta cell hormone, has satiating properties and also delays gastric emptying and inhibits postprandial glucagon secretion with the net result of reducing postprandial glucose excursions. Amylin acts through the six amylin receptors, which share the core component with the calcitonin receptor. Calcitonin, derived from thyroid C cells, is best known for its role in humane calcium metabolism, where it inhibits osteoclasts and reduces circulating calcium. However, calcitonin, particularly of salmon origin, has also been shown to affect insulin sensitivity, reduce the gastric emptying rate and promote satiation. Preclinical trials with agents targeting the calcitonin receptor and the amylin receptors, show improvements in several parameters of glucose metabolism including insulin sensitivity and some of these agents are currently undergoing clinical trials. Here, we review the physiological and pharmacological effects of amylin and calcitonin and discuss the future potential of amylin and calcitonin-based treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
La influencia de la música en la política
Authors: Quiroz Vega Juan Esteban
Published: March 2022

A la música se le ha cuestionado su relevancia y su valía en lo que va de este siglo, pues, con la nueva ola de ritmos, cantantes y compositores, las generaciones más tradicionalistas ven las nuevas corrientes de música (pop, punk, rock, R&B, etc.) como superfluas y sin alma o corazón. Sin embargo, no podemos dejar que este sinsentido nos haga olvidar que la música ha funcionado como un referente cultural de expresión social que ha visibilizado grandes inconformidades en distintas épocas, pues a través de la música, el alma y la pasión de sus intérpretes se pueden transmitir las más grandes inconformidades.
Procesos de manufactura de las pequeñas cuentas arqueológicas de Arazatí, Uruguay: Ensayos experimentales utilizando Urosalpinx haneti
Authors: Beovide Laura , Lorenzo Marco , Martínez Sergio
Published: March 2022

Sobre la costa del Río de la Plata, Uruguay, en la localidad arqueológica de Arazatí, se recuperó el enterramiento de dos niños prehispánicos que murieron hace ca. 500 años AP. El ajuar mortuorio presenta 503 pendientes en Urosalpinx haneti, sumados al descubrimiento reciente de 48 pendientes en Costoanachis sp. y 73 cuentas en valvas de moluscos indeterminados. La determinación de la especie sobre la que se elaboraron las cuentas es compleja por las profundas modificaciones que éstas presentan. Sin embargo hay un 10 % de estas pueden ser asociadas al uso de U. haneti. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados del estudio arqueológico y experimental orientado a comprender los procesos de producción de estas pequeñas cuentas sobre fragmentos de U. haneti. Se propone que se usaron tres técnicas combinadas para la elaboración de las mismas: percusión, técnicas de desgaste y desgaste alterno.
International Peace and Security in Maritime Domain
Authors: Isokaitė-Valužė Indrė
Published: March 2022

The research aims at establishing which activities or situations in maritime domain, which threaten maritime safety and / or maritime security, fall within the concept of international peace and security. Having demonstrated the validity of the international law principles that safeguard international peace and security in maritime area, the research reveals a changing list of the threats to international peace and security, which now encompasses activities and situations at sea, including terrorism, sea piracy and armed robbery against ships, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, etc. A maritime space safe from such kind of threats generally means maritime security. Thus, a great part of the threats to maritime security are or may constitute threats to international peace and security, subject to their recognition as such threats by the United Nations Security Council in its resolutions. Usually such threats also pose risk to maritime safety (safety at sea, safety of navigation, ships, crew and passengers); however, any threat to maritime safety does not necessarily endanger maritime security or amount to the threat to international peace and security.
The Concept and Application of Anti Suit Injunction in Civil Proceedings of European Union Member States and Lithuania
Authors: Doržinkevič Artur
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the concept, origins and application of anti suit injunction. The author examines possibilities of applying anti suit injunction in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and in the case law of individual Member States – Germany and France. After evaluating the examples of foreign court practice, a legal assessment of a possibility to apply anti suit injunction in Lithuanian court practice is presented.
Вінерів процес у евклідовому просторі з мембраною на даній гіперплощині
Authors: Копитко Б. І. , Портенко М. І.
Published: March 2022

Побудовано вінерів процес у евклідовому просторі з мембраною на заданій гіперплощині такою, що її коефіцієнт пропускання є вимірною функцією зі значеннями в проміжку [–1, 1], та доведено теорему про граничний розподіл кількості перетинів мембрани дискретною апроксимацією цього процесу за умови, що ве личина кроку дискретизації часу прямує до нуля. У випадку пористої мембрани граничний розподіл до пускає прозору інтерпретацію.
Severity of Illness in Bronchiolitis Amid Unusual Seasonal Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shanahan Kristen H. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to characterize recent trends in bronchiolitis at US children’s hospitals and to compare severity of illness in bronchiolitis in the most recent year to the previous seasonal epidemics.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study of visits for bronchiolitis in infants <24 months old from October 2016 to September 2021 at 46 US children’s hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. Study years were defined by 12-month periods beginning in October to account for typical winter epidemics that crossover calendar years. We used logistic and Fourier Poisson regression models to examine trends in outcomes and compare seasonality, respectively.

RESULTS

The study included 389 411 emergency visits for bronchiolitis. Median age of infants with bronchiolitis was higher in October 2020 to September 2021 compared to previous epidemics (8 and 6 months, respectively, P < .001) The odds of hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and noninvasive ventilation did not differ in October 2020 to September 2021 compared to previous epidemics from October 2016 to September 2020 (all P > .05 for unadjusted models and models adjusted for age). Seasonality varied significantly among these 2 periods (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the seasonality of bronchiolitis differed in October 2020 to September 2021, severity of illness in infants with bronchiolitis was consistent with previous epidemics.