bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Thinking Approach for Sustainable and Anticipatory Science Diplomacy
Authors: Lopez Claudia Alarcon
Published: August 2024

Emerging technologies in LATAM are challenging for decision-makers, characterized by rapid evolution, limited expertise in the region, and a need for individual skills. To make impactful and resilient science diplomacy, sustainable thinking is required in current decision-making processes, often due to insufficient anticipation of future scientific developments. This chapter examines the existing status of emerging technologies and the current decision-making process. A significant focus is placed on the impact of individual cognitive processes of science diplomats presenting an anticipatory and sustainable decision-making framework designed to enhance critical thinking skills, targeting the root causes of prevalent issues of today. More informed, future-oriented policy development in science diplomacy are required. The chapter aims to offer actionable insights and a strategic direction for navigating the complex domain of emerging technologies, emphasizing the need for foresight and inference awareness in individual decision-makers.
A Taxonomy of Science Diplomacy From a Latin American and Caribbean Perspective
Authors: King Luisa F. Echeverría , Piñeros-Ayala Rafael Enrique , Pantović Branislav , Flores-Zamora Alejandra Fabiola , Figueroa Pedro
Published: August 2024

The prospect for the solution of the most urgent challenges in Latin America, and also the projection of the countries and the region, is associated with the strength of the relation between science, technology, innovation, foreign policy, and decision making. This nexus requires a special, tailor-made science diplomacy that takes into account the history, culture's characteristics, and particularity of governance. In other words, it is beneficial to start addressing issues from local perspectives, knowing its contexts and needs, and on the other hand, knowing how to calculate and predict diplomatic-political maneuvering and productivity. Therefore, an appropriate response to a challenge via science diplomacy should include the design of science diplomacy taxonomy, a tree of interconnected concepts and practices.
Boosting Productivity Through Science Diplomacy
Authors: Bridg Hannia
Published: August 2024

German and Latin American science diplomacy fosters institutional partnerships and academic exchanges, bridging cultural and geographical divides to enhance productivity. This analysis highlights Germany's advanced research infrastructure and Berlin's dynamic innovation ecosystem, marked by strategic multi-actor frameworks, effective science communication, and robust public-private partnerships. It addresses Germany's challenges and opportunities in strengthening its economic position as a key player in scientific and technological progress. The network between Germany and Latin America is examined, showcasing initiatives that enhance international networking, drive innovation, stimulate economic activity, and generate mutual benefits. Collaboration between Germany and Latin American countries advances scientific knowledge, fostering bilateral progress and joint growth. These efforts address contemporary challenges, promote sustainability, and underscore the importance of science diplomacy.
Environmental Science Diplomacy and Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Reina-Rozo Juan David , Vargas Junco Angie Vanessa
Published: August 2024

Environmental science diplomacy involves scientists, researchers, and diplomats working together to address global environmental issues, share and co-create scientific knowledge to develop national interests, and promote evidence-based policies for environmental protection and conservation. Science diplomacy has brought about change within national borders, which means building relationships with actors beyond Western science and traditional diplomacy, and recognizing the diversity of epistemologies, knowledge and approaches. In particular, there is a crucial element of diplomacy within national borders, the negotiation between environmental science and traditional ecological knowledge in Latin America and the Caribbean. Challenges include overcoming cultural barriers and promoting equitable collaboration between diplomats, scientists, and ethnic and local communities. Future directions include promoting inclusiveness, intercultural dialogue, and negotiation of mutual respect to more effectively address global and environmental challenges with actors not represented in diplomacy.
Traditional Knowledge Diplomacy
Authors: Gómez-Lee Martha Isabel , Gómez R. Santiago I.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this chapter was to present a balance of the state of FILAC's diplomatic activities since COP 15 to analyze them in the light of a novel concept, traditional knowledge diplomacy (TKD). A case study is designed that seeks to test the hypothesis that TKD has been used by FILAC as a key asset to integrate Indigenous Peoples' perspectives and voices in the implementation of FILAC's diplomatic practices. Semi-structured interviews and a documentary review of news items were used. The findings were analyzed in three different ways: (a) traditional knowledge (TK) in diplomacy, (b) TK for diplomacy, and (c) diplomacy for TK. The findings were also discussed in light of the characteristics of a TKD. The FILAC case study provided a common understanding of TKD for international relations and an example of how it can be methodologically investigated. In this way new avenues of research, complementary to scientific diplomacy (SD), were opened.
The Relationship Between ESG Disclosure, Information Asymmetry, Cost of Capital, and Earnings Management
Authors: Fahad P. , Rahman P. Mubarak , Busru Showkat Ahmad , Shafeeque K. Mohammed
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the relationship between ESG disclosure, information asymmetry, cost of capital and earnings management in an emerging economy, India. The study uses PLS-SEM for a sample of 183 companies listed in BSE 500 index for a period of ten years from 2014 to 2023. The study finds that higher ESG disclosure leads to decrease in information asymmetry. While ESG disclosure increases the firm's cost of capital. The result also shows that firms with higher ESG disclosure have more social commitment and less chance for doing earnings management. An increase in information asymmetry increases the chance for managers to manipulate earnings. Similarly, higher information asymmetry leads to increase investor risk which results in increased cost of capital. Finally, earnings management practice reduces the firm cost of capital.
The Path to Sustainable Energy Supply Security
Authors: Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Esen Ömer
Published: August 2024

Energy plays a key role in the progress and sustainability of modern economies and societies. To achieve sustainable development goals, energy resources must be accessed in a timely, sustainable, cost-effective, and stable manner in line with economic developments and environmental needs. Türkiye faces a number of challenges in ensuring sustainable energy supply security due to its geopolitical location, increasing energy demand, and high dependence on energy imports. To this end, this study addresses Türkiye's strategic goals, challenges, and opportunities in the context of sustainable energy security. The obtained findings indicate that Türkiye has recently taken important steps towards achieving sustainable energy security. However, to achieve these goals, there is a need to focus more on the harmony of decision-makers and sector representatives, consistency in energy and environmental policies, increasing renewable energy investments, and energy efficiency.
The Triple Bottom Line of Green Transitions
Authors: Priya M. R. Suji Raga
Published: August 2024

This chapter investigates how economic, social, and environmental factors affect SDGs by 2030. How these aspects interact and effect each other is crucial to a sustainable future. This intricacy is explained by DEMATEL analysis. By systematically examining causal relationships between variables, DEMATEL reveals system drivers and effects. The authors utilise DEMATEL to discover the causal linkages between economic success, social equity, and environmental sustainability—the triple bottom line (TBL) framework's three pillars. This concept indicates that sustainable development balances economic progress, social well-being, and environmental protection. Understanding these linkages helps stakeholders and decision-makers adopt sustainable development solutions. This study examines economic, social, and environmental factors and their effects on SDGs by 2030 to promote green transitions and sustainable development. DEMATEL analysis informs sustainable policy and decision-making.
Achieving SDGs Through MSMEs
Authors: Agrawal Devika , Kumar Kishore
Published: August 2024

Today, addressing environmental concerns and reducing carbon emissions has become imperative for every organization. Hence, eliminating the adverse impacts of business operations is no longer limited to large organizations, even small business organizations are taking a proactive approach in this direction. The present study aims to investigate pertinent issues related to the adoption of environmental practices faced by MSMEs in India and how these practices can fulfill the aim of achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs 2030). However, in this chapter, the authors are only going to emphasize the environmental aspect of the sustainability dimensions. Further, this study also identifies the factors that impact the adoption of environmental consideration initiatives among MSMEs in India. The findings of the study offer significant contributions to the research related to environmental consideration initiatives of the Indian MSMEs sector. Further, it also highlights the need for mandatory frameworks and guidelines to facilitate the adoption of sustainability practices among MSMEs in India.
Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Rteba Muheddin Mahmud , Hussain Wasan Salih
Published: August 2024

The issue of sustainable agricultural development and its relationship to food security is considered one of the important topics at present, at the local and global levels, especially with. Through this chapter, the authors attempt to address this topic by highlighting the reality of sustainable agricultural development and food security in the Arab world and the most important strategies followed to achieve this. The food problem in the world is considered one of the global problems facing all of humanity, and perhaps the most acute in this current era, as it directly affects the lives and survival of hundreds of millions of people. The issue of agricultural development and food has also attracted great attention at the level of the Arab world in recent times, including the theoretical aspect and academic concerns, as well as the applied aspect and practical procedures, and the source of this interest is not that food constitutes the essence of the human struggle for survival.
Role of Algae in Sustainable Food Production
Authors: Lohakar Sharayu , Kulkarni Sunil Jayant , Dubey Sachi , Goswami Ajaygiri K.
Published: August 2024

The ever-increasing worldwide need for sustenance, coupled with the deterioration of the environment and the exhaustion of resources, compels us to investigate alternative and sustainable outlets for nourishment. Algae, a varied assortment of photosynthetic organisms, are being viewed as a potential solution in addressing this issue. This chapter covers the importance of algae and why algae is used as sustainable food and also enlightens the reader about the nutrients present in various algae species such as Red Algae (Rhodophyta), Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Green Algae (Chlorophyta), and Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria). Various cultivation and harvesting methods are also summarized for microalgae and macroalgae. Their use in various products which are widely used in different forms like commercial items containing powders, tablets, beverages, sweets, jellies, and confections also in culinary arts as a flavor enhancer, in broths and soups are also discussed. This review informs us that algae have a larger proportion of nutrition than a diet based on plants and animals and is rich in lipids, protein, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, algae are a superior option for sustainability compared to traditional agriculture due to its ability to thrive in various environments, requiring fewer resources, how it helps in cultivation, in biofuel production also how this biofuel is useful in biotechnology. It also harnesses about how algae help to solve soil infertility and carbon dioxide absorption and prevention in greenhouse gas emission by preventing the impact on climate change. Utilizing algae in food production can indirectly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. With their high nutritional value, rapid growth, minimal resource needs, and environmental benefits, algae emerge as a promising candidate for sustainability in the food industry. There are challenges such as technological scalability, cost-effectiveness' and regulatory frameworks necessitate further research and development to fully harness the potential of algae in sustainable food system.
The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Networks in Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Tandon Vanshika , Jain Dhruv , Joseph David , James Blesson Varghese
Published: August 2024

This research examines the complex relationships between entrepreneurial education, university support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, network connections, and entrepreneurial intentions in Indian university students. The study uses a quantitative approach and structural equation modeling on a sample of 422 students enrolled in entrepreneurship-related programs to elucidate the mediating roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and network connections. Despite the insignificant direct links between entrepreneurial education/university support and intentions, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and network connections emerge as important mediators. The findings provide theoretical insights into the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial intentions and have practical implications for improving entrepreneurship support programs. By understanding these mechanisms, stakeholders can create an environment that fosters entrepreneurial aspirations among university students.
Fintech Revolutionizes Financial Inclusion in the Evolving Philippine Landscape
Authors: Loreño Dustin Tarinque
Published: August 2024

The chapter examined the transformative role of financial technology (fintech) in enhancing financial services for underserved communities in the Philippines. It explored the disruptive potential of fintech to democratize access to financial resources, emphasizing how digital banking and mobile financial services could transcend traditional barriers. Additionally, opportunities for entrepreneurs to innovate mobile payment solutions, micro-investment platforms, and lending models were identified, with fintech leveraged to address unmet financial needs and stimulate economic growth. Moreover, the critical importance of financial literacy initiatives in conjunction with fintech adoption was underscored, empowering Filipino consumers to make informed financial decisions and effectively utilize fintech tools. This comprehensive study provided insights into the past state of the fintech landscape, its impact on financial inclusion, and the collaborative efforts required to foster a secure and inclusive digital financial ecosystem in the Philippines
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems, Performance, Policy Formulation
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C. , Castañeda-Burciaga Selene , González-Ávila Francisco J.
Published: August 2024

This study has the purpose of analyzing the policy formulation in the concept of entrepreneurship ecosystem and its relationship with performance. It is assumed that research requires integrating conceptual, theoretical, and empirical approaches with discussions of competing assumptions of performance and policies in an analysis of the implications of entrepreneurship ecosystem. The method employed is the meta-analytical and reflective based on literature review on the topics. It is concluded that the synthesis of policy formulation in entrepreneurship ecosystems provides summaries requiring more critical review of the breadth of the substantial and metaphorical use of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical concept of ecosystem evidenced on performance behind the mechanisms in a trans-disciplinary nature of the research.
Rural Entrepreneurship as Alternative Sources of Earnings
Authors: Mandal Anirban , Guha Sriparna , Kujur Fedric , Poddar Sandeep , Patnaik Anish
Published: August 2024

The article conducts a need assessment research to see if local resources are sufficient to launch new entrepreneurial operations in the study area. People's perceptions and willingness to participate in alternative livelihood activities will also be studied. Case studies of five rural West Bengal districts are presented in this paper. The study is descriptive and uses a structured questionnaire to collect data from respondents. The study found that skill, knowledge, and training gaps hinder entrepreneurial growth in the studied area, notwithstanding potential. The study also found that women group members are more participatory but do not have enough exposure to alternative livelihoods. Government and non-government sector participation is crucial to implement stakeholder capacity. Skills need improvement, but the study area lacks it. Government of India has long wanted to boost rural entrepreneurship, but it isn't happening. Despite various schemes, none have met people's needs.
AI in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries
Authors: Yadav Nagendra , Pratim Seal Partho , Shukla Ankit , Kaur Rajinder
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are powering transformation throughout the hospitality and tourism industry. This chapter discusses its history, the application, and impact of AI on the hospitality and tourism sectors, as well as the challenges and prospects. During the last two decades, a variety of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been deployed to add value, allow cost-effective provision of services, and enhance the pre-, during-, and post-travel experiences of tourists. The incorporation of ICT runs into all the steps from preparing to booking, delivering, and after return as the process of travel. ICTs and AI are related, especially after the onset of the so-called second information revolution, which brought about the possibility of making greater use of artificial and online/physical aspects in ICTs due to the progress in the field of AI. AI is revolutionizing the industry and customer service, improving such things as guests' experiences with personalized recommendations and faster interactions.
AI in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Bangladesh
Authors: Sawon Md. Mehedi Hasan , Lina Farhana Yeasmin , Hossain Md. Akram
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping industries globally, and the tourism and hospitality sector in Bangladesh presents a landscape ripe for transformation. This chapter explores AI adoption in Bangladesh's tourism and hospitality industry, analyzing data from academic literature, government, and industry reports, identifying utilization of artificial intelligence platforms, associated challenges, as well as ways forward. It examines the impacts of adopting AI-powered chatbots, virtual assistants, personalized recommendation engines, and advanced price optimization algorithms in the tourism and hospitality industries of Bangladesh. The chapter investigates the associated key challenges regarding data privacy, job disruption, algorithmic biases, change aversion, technical inexperience, and implementation costs. The chapter recommends the ways forward for integrating AI-driven solutions with skillful human interaction for ensuring effective marketing, data security, enhanced service quality, transparent information dissemination, improved visitor impressions and personnel training
Examining the Impact of Virtual Media on Event Tourism Investigating New Possibilities
Authors: John Asha , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Nadda Vipin
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the many ways in which virtual media has altered event tourism, revealing fresh opportunities and developments in a sector that is always adapting to new technologies. The purpose of this research is to examine the present state of virtual media in event tourism, how it affects participant involvement, and what new trends are starting to form in this field. This research uses a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with event participants and organisers. It draws upon a theoretical framework that encompasses the technology acceptance model, innovation diffusion theory, and social exchange theory. The results provide an overview of the use of virtual media in event tourism, examine its influence on audience participation, and highlight potential areas for future development. Following this, the authors will look at how these results compare to the literature, what they mean for the event tourism sector, and what policymakers and event planners can do to put these findings into practice.
The Impact of Digitalisation on the Customer Experience in Medical Tourism
Authors: Nouhaila Ben Khizzou , Aarabe Mourad , Alla Lhoussaine
Published: August 2024

This chapter delves into the transformative effects of digitalization on medical tourism, focusing on how it shapes the customer experience. It examines the various digital solutions employed by the industry, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research, conducted through a systematic review of literature published between 2013 and 2023, identifies 41 distinct technologies used to improve medical tourism. The chapter analyzes both the advantages and drawbacks of digitalization in medical tourism, highlighting its potential to improve accessibility and efficiency while acknowledging concerns about fairness, privacy, and security. It explores the adoption of digital technology and its impact on customer satisfaction, emphasizing the need for a robust theoretical framework to guide the future of digitalization within the medical tourism sector. The chapter ultimately aims to identify best practices that players in the industry can implement to enhance customer satisfaction, foster loyalty, and drive competitiveness.
Symbiosis of Localization and Globalization in Assessment for Teaching Learning Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Bhatia Sheelu Singh
Published: August 2024

This chapter addresses the challenges posed by the tension between localization and globalization in education assessment. It explores how to balance the need to respect local contexts while preparing students for a globalized world. The chapter discusses innovative approaches to reveal the interconnectedness of these strategies. Starting with an examination of cultural, linguistic, and pedagogical diversity, it highlights the complexities in tailoring assessments. It then explores how international standards can enhance localized frameworks. The chapter proposes strategies for educators and policymakers to navigate this balance, providing a roadmap for aligning assessment tools with global competencies. By synthesizing localized and globalized methodologies, it aims for transformative change, promoting a holistic approach to student preparation. Ultimately, it advocates for a shift in assessment practices to foster a symbiotic relationship between local and global knowledge, offering guidance for educators navigating the challenges of localization and globalization in education.
Early outcomes of 5-0 Prolene gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification in eyes of Indian glaucoma patients
Authors: Maheshwari Devendra , Pillai Madhavi Ramanatha , Nagdev Nimrita Gyanchand , Gupta Shivam , Ramakrishnan Rengappa , Kader Mohideen Abdul , Uduman Mohammed Sithiq
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To study the early postoperative efficacy and safety of 5-0 Prolene gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) combined with phacoemulsification in Indian eyes.

Methods:

This was a prospective, interventional study. Patients with primary and secondary glaucoma who underwent GATT combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco-GATT) or standalone GATT were included. All patients were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 15, and 30, as well as 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Baseline and follow-up visits were compared to determine the significant difference in the number of intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucoma medications (AGM), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Other outcome measures included surgical success, complications, and interventions. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

One hundred and five eyes (95 patients) were included. Seventy-five eyes underwent GATT along with phacoemulsification and 30 eyes underwent GATT. In the Phaco-GATT group, the mean IOP reduced significantly from 17.71 ± 6.85 to 12.29 ± 4.44, 12.33 ± 4.44, and 12.18 ± 3.49 mmHg and in the GATT group, it reduced from 21.67 ± 11.42 mmHg to 16.38 ± 8.42, 16.47 ± 10.26, and 13.10 ± 3.25 mmHg at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively (P < 0.001). The number of AGM also significantly reduced from 1.67 ± 1.22 to 0.41 ± 0.87 and 0.34 ± 0.82 in the phaco-GATT group and from 2.63 ± 1.19 to 0.67 ± 1.09 and 0.60 ± 1.25 in the GATT group at 3 and 6 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Complete success (IOP > 6–≤21 mmHg/20% reduction without AGM) was 96.7% in the Phaco-GATT group and 91.2% in the GATT group. BCVA improved from log of minimum angle of resolution 0.30 to 0.00 (P < 0.001) in phaco-GATT group. Hyphema was the most common complication. Macrohyphema (>1 mm) was seen in six patients, out of which two patients required anterior chamber wash. IOP spikes (>30 mmHg) were seen in three patients.

Conclusion:

In Indian eyes, GATT combined with phacoemulsification and standalone GATT are efficacious and safe with good surgical outcomes.
Analysis of sociodemographic profile of glaucoma patients with risk factors, subtypes, and disease severity in a tertiary eye care facility in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Patyal Sagarika , Singh Swati , Yadav Arun K , Bhoot Madhu , Seth Praveen Kumar , Taneja Surbi , Bandil Suman , Puri Arushi
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To study the different subtypes of glaucoma and to analyze the demographic and clinical profile of glaucoma patients along with associated risk factors in a multi-locational North Indian study.

Methods:

Newly diagnosed and known glaucoma patients on treatment were enrolled in the study. Complete history was taken, and clinical evaluation was done by senior glaucoma experts.

Results:

Five hundred and eighty-six patients (1121 eyes) were included with 383 males (65.4%) and 203 females (34.6%). Of these, 508 (86.7%) had primary glaucoma and 78 (13.3%) had secondary glaucoma. Also, 263 (44.9%) patients had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 172 (29.4%) had primary angle closure glaucoma. Four hundred and fifty-one (77%) were graduates or postgraduates and 293 (50%) were dependents on family income. One hundred and forty-one (24%) had a positive family history. Secondary glaucoma patients had a lower average age (52.6 ± 16.8 years) and higher average intraocular pressure (IOP; 34.23 ± 13 mm) compared to primary glaucoma patients (26.6 ± 9.7 mm) (P < 0.0001). Thirty-three (47.8%) out of 78 secondary glaucoma patients had advanced disease. Seventy-four (12.6%) were first-time diagnosed and 18 had advanced disease. In addition, 161 eyes had one or more glaucoma surgeries done (128 trabeculectomy and 28 phacotrabeculectomy). Ninety-five (16.2%) patients were advised surgery at our centers (46 trab, 26 phacotrab, 15 phaco, five Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation, and three pars plana vitrectomy). Disease progression was noted in 62 patients reporting good compliance to medicines.

Conclusion:

POAG was the most common variant in this study. Secondary glaucoma patients were youngest in age and had the highest IOP. Trabeculectomy was the most performed surgery. A good literacy rate did not prevent late presentations.
Refractory acute retinal necrosis presenting as peripapillary choroiditis – A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Mishra Sai Bhakti , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Shetty Rohit
Published: August 2024

This report describes a challenging case of refractory acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with peripapillary choroiditis as the initial presenting sign. Imaging studies confirmed multifocal choroidal lesions and noted the novel sign of vertical hyper-reflective strips (VHRS) in the outer nuclear layer. Initial treatment with acyclovir and valacyclovir failed, and involvement of the other eye suggested a resistant variant of varicella zoster virus. High-dose oral famciclovir therapy resulted in rapid resolution of ARN in both eyes. This case highlights the rare occurrence of choroiditis, the novel finding of VHRS, and the potential utility of high-dose oral famciclovir in treating refractory ARN.
Tác động của trò chơi hóa đến hiệu quả học tập: Vai trò trung gian của hài lòng và gắn kết
Authors: Bằng Nguyễn Viết , Bắc Nguyễn Việt
Published: August 2024

Trong thế giới hiện đại, sự gia tăng của công nghệ số đã thay đổi cách học tập. Trò chơi hóa, một phương pháp sáng tạo nhằm tối đa hóa quá trình học tập, trở nên phổ biến trong ngành này. Nghiên cứu này điều tra cách trò chơi hóa ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả học tập từ việc tạo ra tính gắn kết và niềm vui. Các yếu tố trò chơi hóa, bao gồm thử thách và yếu tố thích thú, cho thấy sự quan trọng trong việc tăng hiệu quả học tập của nghiên cứu. Trò chơi thúc đẩy tính gắn kết và hài lòng trong lớp học, theo kết quả thu thập từ 306 câu trả lời của người học đại học và cao học. Tuy nhiên, yếu tố cạnh tranh của trò chơi hóa không thúc đẩy tính gắn kết và hài lòng của người học trong môi trường giáo dục được trò chơi hóa. Do đó, nó không ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến hiệu quả học tập. Nghiên cứu này có ý nghĩa đối với giáo dục vì nó sẽ giúp các tổ chức, trường học, giáo viên và nhà nghiên cứu hiểu rõ hơn về cách các yếu tố thích thú và thử thách tăng hiệu quả học tập bằng cách tạo ra tính gắn kết và hài lòng.
Tác động của kiều hối lên đầu tư tư nhân ở các quốc gia đang phát triển: Vai trò của chất lượng thể chế
Authors: Bổn Nguyễn Văn , Trang Chu Thị Thanh , Oanh Trần Thị Kim , Thịnh Lê Vĩnh
Published: August 2024

Ngoài vốn viện trợ phát triển chính thức (ODA) và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI), kiều hối giữ vị thế quan trọng trong các hoạt động kinh tế ở các nền kinh tế đang phát triển, trong khi đầu tư tư nhân là một trong hai nguồn lực có tính quyết định trong mô hình tăng trưởng kinh tế. Liệu chất lượng thể chế có ảnh hưởng gì đến tác động của kiều hối lên đầu tư tư nhân ở các quốc gia đang phát triển? Nghiên cứu này cung cấp lời giải thông qua các ước lượng GMM sai phân và hệ thống hai bước (cách tiếp cận định lượng) để đánh giá tác động của kiều hối, chất lượng thể chế, biến tương tác giữa kiều hối và chất lượng thể chế, và các biến kiểm soát như tăng trưởng kinh tế, lực lượng lao động, và lạm phát lên đầu tư tư nhân cho một nhóm 87 nền kinh tế đang phát triển trong khoảng thời gian từ 2002 đến 2022. Kết quả ghi nhận sự nghịch lý ở chỗ kiều hối làm tăng và chất lượng thể chế làm giảm đầu tư tư nhân, nhưng biến tương tác giữa hai biến này lại thúc đẩy. Ngoài ra, tăng trưởng kinh tế, lạm phát, và lao động là các yếu tố thúc đẩy đầu tư tư nhân có ý nghĩa ở các quốc gia này. Từ các phát hiện này, chúng tôi khuyến nghị các chính phủ ở các nền kinh tế đang phát triển nên nâng cao chất lượng luật lệ, đề cao vai trò của nhà nước pháp quyền, tôn trọng tiếng nói của người dân và thực thi việc giải trình, thực thi kiểm soát tham nhũng, cải thiện hiệu quả chính phủ, và ổn định chính trị nhằm thu hút nhiều hơn kiều hối và thúc đẩy đầu tư tư nhân.
Technology-rich Engineering Experiences in Indigenous and Rural Schools
Authors: Boz Tugba , Hammack Rebekah , Lux Nicholas , Gannon Paul
Published: August 2024

Indigenous populations, constituting 6.2% of the global population, face challenges in STEM education due to systemic barriers and limited exposure to science and engineering. Our research, part of a federally funded project, aimed to address these challenges by implementing Community-Based Engineering (CBE) education in an elementary school located on a Native American Reservation in the United States. In this paper, we used CBE as our theoretical framework situating engineering within the context of students' communities and cultures. Our participants included 15 students and two Native American teachers with varying teaching experience. We employed mixed methods and combined quantitative tools such as the Engineering Identity Development Scale and the Engineering Technology subscale of the S-STEM survey, with qualitative data from teacher and student interviews. Our analysis revealed significant changes in students' perceptions of engineering for their communities and their personal engineering identities after they engaged with CBE lessons. We also found that the cultural connections to community were evident in student interviews. Furthermore, teachers appreciated CBE and emphasized that these engineering lessons enrich their rich traditions and practices. This study highlights the effectiveness of CBE and demonstrates how engineering education can be more inclusive and resonant with Indigenous students.
Methods of Explicitly Teaching Generalization in the Mathematics Classroom and Indicators of Success: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jackson Jay L. , Stenger Cynthia L.
Published: August 2024

Arguably, the ability to generalize is an essential characteristic of students who succeed in mathematics and computer science. Teachers should be aware of its presence in their classroom and have tools to encourage its existence. Thus, it is important to examine the successful ways that generalization is taught. This systematic review examined and synthesized literature regarding teaching generalization and looked for indicators of success when teaching it. The findings showed that the most common way generalization is taught is through patterning tasks, primarily in K-6. Successful generalization was most frequently assessed by “caught not taught” methods. The primary indicator of success was an algebraic expression which, unfortunately, does not guarantee that generalization has occurred in the mind of the student. In summary, very few methods of teaching generalization have actually been journaled, and there is a dearth of methods to evaluate or assess if generalization has occurred.
Nurturing Soft Skills in Engineering Education with Interactive Activities
Authors: Arabaci Atlamaz Tuba , Bengu Elif , Cihan Aydogdu Ceyda , Soylu Sebnem
Published: August 2024

In today's job market, soft skills are increasingly crucial, surpassing technical knowledge. Traditional lectures fall short in teaching these skills, prompting universities to explore new methods of instruction. A Turkish public university introduced a curriculum with non-disciplinary courses called Personal Development Pathway (PDP) courses for its Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) department. These courses aim to enhance soft skills, motivate students, foster positive relationships, and improve employability. Employing Positive Education approach, the PDP courses include hands-on learning, one-on-one meetings, exercises, interactions with professionals, and self-reflection. This study evaluates four PDP courses that are offered for first-, second-, and third-year EEE students. It explores how these courses, designed similarly but offered in different semesters, enhanced EEE students' soft skills and their understanding of course concepts. A questionnaire was administered to sixty-one students after four semesters of teaching. Data triangulation utilized journals, interviews, and reflections. Data showed increased motivation, improved interpersonal skills, and enhanced confidence in self-expression among students. Despite the collaborative effort and time required from instructors, these courses seem to provide valuable opportunities for students to enhance their competence and success in future careers.
Reflective Thinking: A Bibliometric Analysis of Four Decades of Research and Insights for Future Studies
Authors: Korkmaz Gunes , Toraman Cetin
Published: August 2024

Reflective thinking (RT) is one of the higher-order thinking skills which have been of great importance to the researchers from a variety of disciplines for years. Although the significance of RT has been discussed in many studies and many different forms, there are no bibliometric studies conducted on this topic. This study aims to examine the current state and development of research in RT based on the data available in the Web of Science (WoS). To do this, a bibliometric approach was adopted to map the research literature on RT using the metadata from the WoS between 1986 and 2023 in terms of the distribution of the articles by year of publication and average citation status, the most productive journals publishing on RT and number of RT-related citations, the most cited RT articles and authors, top countries in which the articles about RT were cited most, the authors who have produced the most articles on RT, their publications and corresponding author(s)’ countries, and the trend of words associated with RT in the articles. Our main contribution is the quantitative methodological design for examining the evolution of reflective thinking research, which is highly multidisciplinary and covers a large volume of publications. We believe that this study provides a comprehensive review of the studies on RT and provides interesting insights about the development of the field for future research.
Problem-Based Learning for Calculating Kinetic Parameters from Michaelis-Menten Equation
Authors: Centelles Josep Joan , Moreno Estefania , De Atauri Pedro Ramon , Imperial Santiago
Published: August 2024

In “Advanced Enzymology” at the University of Barcelona, we teach various methods for identifying uni-uni irreversible reactions. Kinetic constants such as maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) are calculated using non-linear regression with the Michaelis-Menten equation. However, if a computer is not available, students must calculate these kinetic parameters using linear regressions with Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee, and Hanes-Woolf plots. Michaelis-Menten equation: v = (Vmax [S]) / (Km + [S]), Lineweaver-Burk equation: 1/v = (Km/Vmax) (1/[S]) + 1/Vmax, Eadie-Hofstee equation: v = – Km (v/[S]) + Vmax, Hanes-Woolf equation: [S]/v = (1/Vmax) [S] + (Km/Vmax). The objective of this work was that students explore various methods for calculating kinetic constants and determine the most effective approach. A problem was prepared with data on substrate concentrations ([S]) and reaction rates (v). Data points with lower substrate concentration, and also with lower velocities had higher errors. The Michaelis-Menten plot provided only an approximate estimation of the kinetic constants, as it is not a linear graph. The Lineweaver-Burk plot generated maximum velocities that were too low due to the higher errors for low substrate concentrations, rendering impossible values of the kinetic parameters. The Eadie-Hofstee plot provided better results, as the values of v/[S] compensated their errors. Furthermore, kinetic constants were obtained directly from the slope and intersection of the line equation. The Hanes-Woolf plot also produced correct values for kinetic parameters, since high substrate concentrations were less erroneous than lower ones. After completing this computer class, students were very satisfied and learned the different methods for obtaining kinetic parameters. Non-linear regression is undoubtedly the most accurate method for obtaining kinetic parameters values. However, in the absence of computers, the Eadie-Hofstee plot is the best and most commonly used plot in kinetic papers.
A Case Study of Taking AP Computer Science Principles (AP CSP): A Student’s Perspective
Authors: Cameron Sarah , Pham Tony , Bagui Sikha
Published: August 2024

With the increased demand for computer science degrees in the work force, computer science is becoming more prominent in high schools. AP Computer Science Principles (AP CSP) is a course that serves as a bridge into computer science. Code.org provides a year long curriculum for this AP course to be led by teachers in the classroom. Beyond an analysis of the pass rates of students, and with the recency of the AP CSP course, a reflection of the AP CSP curriculum from the student’s perspective, is in order. This study breaks down the strengths and weaknesses of AP CSP from a student’s perspective. Results show there are many strengths in relation to the Code.org curriculum. However, AP CSP can be a little challenging in motivating and engaging students if not executed properly by the teacher.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Refugee Children
Authors: Camici Furkan , Cerit Emrah
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the quality of life and physical activity of refugee children who came to Turkey as a result of forced migration from their home countries. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 100 children between the ages of 14 and 17 living in the center of Çorum province in Turkey who were admitted as refugees. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. The "Personal Information Form" created by the researchers was used in the first part and the "High School Quality of Life Scale (HSQOLS)" was used in the second part. For the selection of statistical tests, two independent group comparisons were made using the Mann Whitney U-test, as the data were not normally distributed. Comparisons between three independent groups were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test, as the data were not normally distributed. To determine the different groups after the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann Whitney U post hoc pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction was used. The statistical significance level was assumed to be p0.005. Statistically significant differences were found between participants' athletic status in Turkey, athletic branch in Turkey, athletic branch in their country of origin, athletic branch in their country of origin, and athletic age and the total scale and all sub-dimensions of the LISCEC (p0.05). It is therefore hypothesized that physical activity and sport positively influence the quality of life of refugee children from different cultures in the countries where they settle and that this interaction is due to the integrative function of sport.
Education Legislation and Intensification: The Impact on Teachers
Authors: Campbell-Mungen Addie
Published: August 2024

Decades of federal and state education legislation enacted to increase student academic achievement and enhance school quality have pronounced impacts on teachers and their instructional practice. That impact is captured in the term intensification. Intensification is multifaceted and manifests as additional tasks accomplished simultaneously, with no monetary consideration, constricting the curriculum, losing voice about curriculum, restricting teachers' classroom autonomy, and de-professionalization. This research had the three-fold purpose of determining (a) teachers' perspectives about Florida's educational standards relative to curricular autonomy, instructional autonomy, and professional expertise, (b) the extent to which teachers' experiences meet the criteria of intensification of curricular autonomy, instructional autonomy, and professional expertise, and (c) the degree to which teachers experience pressure from increased accountability to years teaching English Language Arts, Mathematics, Reading, Science, Social Studies, and Technology. Four research questions were framed to guide the inquiry, and data were collected from 356 high school teachers. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test of independence and multinomial logistic regression. Results revealed that teachers' instructional experiences meet the criteria of intensification to instructional autonomy, curricular autonomy, and professional expertise.
Shaping Futures: Unveiling the Impact of Service Models on the Behavioral Health of Vulnerable Children
Authors: Kucukkaragoz Hadiye , Uslu Rukiye , Meylani Rusen
Published: August 2024

This study examines the association between the boarding protection/care service models offered by the General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection Agency and the behavioral and emotional problems children and adolescents under protection or care. The relational scanning model guided the preparation of the study sample. The study's scope included an analysis of 296 children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 who needed protection or care. Various service models benefit the kids, including children's homes, orphanages, and nursery schools. Data collection tools included the Personal Information form, the Scale of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4–18, and the Scale of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18. The software program used Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis test procedures to examine the study data. It has been noted that the behavioral and emotional disorders of children and adolescents receiving protection or care exhibit notable variations in the number of children in the family (p0.05), the reasons for placement under protection or care (p0.05), the kind of service model received (p0.05), and the length of time the current service model has been assisting (p0.05). Furthermore, it is noted that the kind of service model used has correlations with age (p0.05), gender (p0.05), the reason (p0.05) for being placed under protection or care, and the length of time (p0.05) that the person has benefitted from the present service model. The results are evaluated in light of the relevant literature covered.
Factors Underlying Student Academic Grit: Development and Validation of the Scale
Authors: Annisa Desfi , Sutrisno Hari , Laksono Endang Widjajanti
Published: August 2024

Academic grit can be a student's rock-solid confidence to maintain focus and go on learning despite obstacles in the way of achieving their long-term goals. This investigation into points to develop an academic grit scale and determine the variables that underlie students' academic grit will help to construct a significant and reliable tool for measuring academic grit. Twelve questions that measure students' intellectual grit when thinking about chemistry make up the intended survey. 817 understudies were randomly selected from 13 different state-tall schools to participate in the test. Calculations for reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient were done in the process of constructing the scale. It has been shown that academic grit assessments are reliable and significant tools that can be used with high school students studying chemistry. The encouraging results demonstrate Three essential elements: diligence, constancy in studying, and learning focus. These findings also suggest that female students have greater perseverance in their studies than male students.