bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation performance based earthquake engineering*
Authors: A. Whittaker  , Y. N. Huang  , R. O. Hamburger
Published: August 2022

The next-generation tools and procedures for performance-based earthquake engineering that are being developed in the United States represent a radical departure from traditional seismic design practice and performance assessment. Performance will be measured in terms of direct economic loss, indirect economic loss and casualties rather than by building component deformations and accelerations. Uncertainty and randomness will be captured in every step of the performance assessment process. The paper summarizes the types of performance assessment made possible by the next-generation tools and procedures and describes each step in the assessment process. Fragility functions, damage states and consequence functions, which are key elements in the next generation procedures, are introduced.
Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Cladding Panels H.
Authors: H. Maneetes  , A. M. Memari
Published: August 2022

Architectural precast concrete cladding systems are considered non-load bearing wall systems and are designed primarily to transfer their self-weight and out-of-plane lateral loads to the supporting building structure. They are typically not designed for significant structural in-plane forces resulting from cladding-structure interaction. In fact, modern earthquake-resistant design requires that these cladding panels be isolated from the lateral force-resisting system. Finite element technique was employed to study precast concrete panels and special modeling strategies were developed for panel connections to the structural frame. The precast concrete panel was designed to participate in the building lateral force-resisting. Finite element modeling techniques were adopted to better understand the strength and stiffness characteristics of these concrete cladding panels subjected to significant in-plane loading. Good correlation was obtained between finite element modeling results and existing experimental results. The analytical results were used to develop a simplified mathematical model that can be incorporated into suitable building models to evaluate its performance as a lateral force-resisting system to withstand earthquake-induced lateral loads.
The Relationship Between Fatigue and Functionality in Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Bilge Onur , Cihan Emine , Şahbaz Piriçci Cansu , Arca Muhammed , Durmaz Elif Dilara
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Rotator manşet yırtığı, omuz ağrısına neden olan faktörlerin başında gelen en yaygın kas-iskelet
sistemi bozukluklarından biridir. Bu çalışma rotatör manşet yırtıklarında yorgunluğun omuz fonksiyonelliği
üzerine etkisini incelemek için yapılmıştır.
Gereçler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya rotator manşet yırtığı olan, 18-65 yaş aralığındaki 52 hasta dahil edildi.
Omuza ait yorgunluğu Görsel Analog Skalası ile sorgulandı. Omuz fonksiyonelliği Basit Omuz Testi (BOT)
ile değerlendirildi. Değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu analitik (Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi) ve
görsel (histogram ve olasılık grafikleri) yöntemlerle ile elde edildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %31’i erkek % 69’u kadın olup yaş ortalaması 51,59±10,66 yıl olarak hesaplandı.
Yorgunluk ile BOT’un ağrı (r:-0,413, p:0,002) ve kuvvet (r:-0,435, p:0,001) alt parametreleri arasında orta
seviye negatif yönlü ilişki elde edilirken günlük yaşam aktivitesi (r:-0,352, p:0,010) ile toplam BOT skoru
(r:-0,275, p:0,048) arasında zayıf ve negatif yönlü ilişki saptandı.
Sonuç: Rotatör manşet yıtığı olan hastalarda omuz yorgunluğu ve farklı omuz fonksiyonları arasında ilişki
bulunmuştur
Anahtar Kelimeler: Rotatör manşet yırtığı, yorgunluk, fonksiyonellik, rehabilitasyon, omuz yaralanmaları
Prostat Kanserinde Normal Doku Komplikasyon Olasılığının Hesaplanması ve Geç Yan Etkiler
Authors: Ceylaner Bıçakçı Beyhan , Dinçbaş Hidayet Fazilet , Karaçam Songül
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Lokalize prostat kanserinde farklı planlarda normal doku komplikasyon olasılığının hesaplanması
ve yan etki değerlendirmesi
Yöntem: Farklı konformal planları yapılan 16 olguda normal doku komplikasyon olasılıkları (NTCP)
değerlendirilmiştir. Hedef hacimler ve riskli organların NTCP değerleri Lymann-Kutcher- Burman(LKB)
modeliyle hesaplanmış, rektum, mesane ve femur başı için 4 alan ve 6 alan sanal planlarda karşılaştırma
yapılmıştır. Tedavileri 6 alan ile yapılan olguların mesane, rektuma ait akut ve geç; femur başı geç
komplikasyonları ile ortalama dozlar, volüm yüzdesi(V%), NTCP değerleri korele edilmiştir. Korelasyon
işleminde paired-t test, Wilcoxon ve Spearsman testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Dört ve 6 alan planlamalarda ortalama organ riskini gösteren V% değerleri (p=0.0001) ve
NTCP femur başı için anlamlıdır(p=0.008). Genitoüriner sistem akut komplikasyonlarıyla NTCP ilişkisi
istatistiksel anlamlıdır (p=0.019). Mesane ortalama dozu (p=0.015) ve izomerkezdeki dozun >%50’sini
alan V%‘de anlamlılık izlenmiştir(rs=0.5446, p=0.029). Femur başı, izomerkezdeki dozun >%50 doz alan
volüm yüzdeleri arasında 6 alan lehine anlamlılık saptanmıştır (paired-t test p=0.0001).Femur başının, 4
alan planlarda komplikasyon olasılıkları anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur(p=0.009). Geç yanetkiler ve NTCP
arasında istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki gösterilememiştir.
Sonuç: Alan sayısının artmasının yararı, daha yüksek terapötik dozlarla tümör kontrolünün artması ve
normal dokuda koruma sağlamasıdır. NTCP modellemeleriyle günlük alan değişiklikleri ve riskli organ
pozisyon değişikliklerinin hesap edilemeyeceği akılda tutulmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prostat kanseri, konformal radyoterapi, NTCP
Üriner İnkontinans ve Aşırı Aktif Mesanesi Olan Hastaların, Tiroid Fonksiyon Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Ali Haydar , Özel Faik
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Tiroid hormonları iskelet kası fizyolojisi, metabolizma, kasılma, kas lifinin plastisitesi, hasarı,
onarımı ve kas lifi türü değişimi için gereklidir. Biz de çalışmamızda tüm inkontinans tipleri ve tüm yaş
grupları ve aşırı aktif mesane hastalığı olanlarda troid fonksiyon testleri analiz edilerek bu özel grup hasta
popülasyonunda anlamlı bir ilişkinin varlığını saptamaya çalıştık.
Hastalar ve Yöntem: Üroloji polikliniğine gelen hastalardan üriner inkontinans ve aşırı aktif mesane
hastalığı olan 139 hasta cinsiyet farkı gözetmeksizin ve tüm yaş grupları ile çalışmaya dahil edildi.
Çalışmada hastalar inkontinans tiplerine göre urge inkontinans, stres inkontinans ve miks inkontinans
olarak üç grupta incelendi.
Bulgular: T4 ve TSH verilerine göre üriner inkontinans arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlılık saptanmadı.
OAB v8 skor ortalaması 19.7±6.2 ICIQ-SF skor ortalaması 10.1±3.9 olarak saptandı. Gruplar arasında
ortalama skorlar ayrıntılı olarak hesaplandı. OAB v8 skoruna göre 1. ve 3. gruplar istatiksel olarak anlamlı
idi. ICIQ SF formuna göre 1. ve 3. gruplar ve 2. ve 3. gruplar istatiksel olarak anlamlı olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmalarla desteklenen tiroid hormonlarının periüretral kaslar üzerinde sensitivitesinin
olması özellikle stres üriner inkontinans mekanizması üzerinde düşünmemize sebep olmaktadır. Ancak
bizim verilerimize göre tiroid hormonları ile inkontinans arasında anlamlılık saptanmamıştır. Bu veriler
ışığında geniş hasta katılımı ve her yaş grubunu ve her iki cinsiyeti içine alan çalışmamızın inkontinans
fizyolojisi ve aşırı aktif mesane ile ilişkisini araştırarak, ileride daha çok merkezli araştırmalarla
desteklenerek literatüre katkı sağlayabileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sıkışma, tiroid, üriner inkontinans, aşrı aktif mesane hastalığı
SLC34A1 Genindeki Homozigot Mutasyona Bağlı Gelişen İdiyopatik İnfantil Hiperkalsemili Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Küçükkağıcı Yeşim , Eklioğlu Beray Selver , Atabek Mehmet Emre , Ceylaner Serdar
Published: August 2022

İdiyopatik infantil hiperkalsemi (IHH); hiperkalseminin nadir sebeplerindendir. Dehidrasyon, kusma ve gelişememe ile karakterize en sık 24-hidroksilazdaki (CYP24A1) mutasyonlardan kaynaklanan bir hastalıktır. Son zamanlarda, böbrekte eksprese edilen sodyum fosfat kotransporter'da (SLC34A1) mutasyonlar, idiyopatik infantil hiperkalseminin ek bir nedeni olarak keşfedildi. Bu yazıda SLC34A1 geninde homozigot mutasyon saptanan bilateral nefrokalsinozis saptanan idipatik infantil hiperkalsemi tanılı bir olgu sunulmuştur. Artmış nefrokalsinoz ve böbrek yetmezliği riskleri nedeni ile özellikle ailede nefrolithiazis öyküsü olan ve akraba evliliği olan hastalarda akılda tutulması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hiperkalsemi, nefrolithiyazis, infant
Kontinuitäten und Brüche kemalistischer Politikentwürfe im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Knoblach Jonas
Published: August 2022

This study analyses the persistence of Kemalist policies within Turkish political parties in the 21st century on the basis of their party and election programmes.
The findings show that the majority of currently influential Turkish parties draw on essential patterns from the Kemalist period. It is argued that the AKP also relies on the continuation of fundamental Kemalist policies, but at the same time positions itself decisively against the Kemalist elites, who are perceived as paternalistic. Thus, the party presents itself as the liberator of the Muslim nation. This combination of adopting and rejecting the Kemalist past was a decisive factor in the success of Erdoğan and his party.
With a foreword by Prof. Dr. Thomas Demmelhuber.
Particle Filter Based Approach for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of High-Speed Shaft Bearing in Wind Turbine Generators
Authors: Eddine Kramti Sharaf , Ben Ali Jaouher , Andre Hugo , Brhhoefer Eric , Sayadi Mounir
Published: August 2022

This work involves a novel data-driven procedure using vibration analysis for bearing health prognosis. In this work, we investigate the time-domain features and applying spectral kurtosis features in order to extract the damage indicators which eventually represent the degradation of the high-speed shaft bearing (HSSB). These damages were characterized by their Monotonicity, Trendability, and Prognosability. The most appropriate indicator was then used as a health index for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction task. In this study, we used an integrated approach based on Particle Filter approach which was then developed for direct RUL prediction of HSSB. This methodology was validated using real world vibration data wind turbine gearbox. The experimental results and the prognostics metrics like fitness degree equal to 0.9941 shown that the Particle Filter approach is more feasible prediction tool.
Current Diagnostic Tests for Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: del Rosario Sánchez Valerio María
Published: August 2022

Sjogren’s syndrome (Sicca Syndrome) is mainly characterized by the presence of dry eye disease (DED). The diagnosis of DED in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome has been limited to tests such as the Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and corneal stains; however, currently we can evaluate the functional unit in detail lacrimal, which is affected in patients with dry eye and Sjögren’s syndrome; thanks to technology that provides objective details for this difficult diagnostic. The newer evaluations that provide the greatest diagnostic value for Sjogren’s syndrome are: noninvasive keratograph tear rupture time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer’s test, meibography, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Vital stains of the ocular surface, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Tear osmolarity (TearLab); all of these are important complements to the existing tests, which, although less objective, are not substitutable.
Persistence of Chronic Childhood Undernutrition in Ecuador during a Period of Economic Growth: Exploring the Contributing Factors to This Paradox
Authors: Manosalvas Margarita
Published: August 2022

Between 2004 and 2014 the rate of reduction of chronic childhood undernutrition (CCU) prevalence in Ecuador was about 0.2% per year, while since 1999 it was reduced to an average higher than 0.83% per year. In the same period, Ecuador experienced an economic growth of more than 4% of GDP per year on average. Commonly, child undernutrition has been assumed as the effect of a combination of a set of factors related to deprivation situations. Therefore, we are facing a paradox. The objective of this investigation is to explore this paradox. To accomplish this aim, a mixed research strategy is presented: the children’s undernutrition key indicators are compared using the Surveys of Living Conditions (SLC) for the years 1999, 2006, and 2014. Changes and continuities in the relevant indicators are identified, in the next phase; the analysis of those indicators is deepened with qualitative research. Results are integrated and a plausible explanation is constructed.
Valorization of Forest Waste for the Production of Bio-oils for Biofuel and Biodiesel
Authors: el Farissi Hammadi
Published: August 2022

Biomass is a renewable energy source to generate heat and electricity through the enhancement of various organic materials. Cistus slow pyrolysis of seeds and shells was carried out in a fixed bed reactor to determine the effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and particle size on the performance of pyrolysis. Therefore, pyrolysis experiments were performed at different temperatures, ranging from 300 to 500°C, with heating rates varying from 10 to 70°C.min−1 for shells and 7 to 28°C.min−1 for seeds. The particle sizes of samples range from 0.3 to 3.5 mm for shells and 0.075 to 1.2 mm for seeds. The highest yield of liquid products (53.31% for shells; 52.24% for seeds) was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C and a heating rate of 40°C.min−1 for shells and 21°C.min−1 for seeds. The functional groups and chemical compounds present in the bio-oil obtained under optimal conditions were identified by FTIR. The calorific value of the bio-oil was equal to 37.05 and 37.93 MJ.kg−1 for shells and seeds, respectively. The obtained results show that the bio-oil from the pyrolysis of Cistus shells and seeds could be used as a renewable fuel or a source of pharmaceutical and chemical raw material.
Joint Action of Herbicides on Weeds and Their Risk Assessment on Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.)
Authors: Taghi Alebrahim Mohammad , Samadi Kalkhoran Elham , Paul Tseng Te-Ming
Published: August 2022

Frequent and intensive use of similar modes of action herbicides increases selection pressure resulting in nature adapt and a number of herbicide-resistant weeds. The most effective methods to prevent and delay herbicide-resistant weeds are herbicide tank mixture and adjuvant mixed herbicides. This chapter intends to explain the advantages of herbicide tank mixture and adjuvant mixed herbicides. In addition, the models of estimated herbicide mixture interaction response have been explained. Although herbicide mixtures have benefits, they may present risks leading to soil pollution and affecting soil fauna such as earthworms. Therefore, we discussed the negative effect of mixture herbicides on Eisenia fetida. On the other hand, various models to calculate mixture herbicide toxicity on earthworms will be present in this chapter.
Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: J. Wen Jake , S. Radhakrishnan Ravi
Published: August 2022

The irreversible termination of individual life activities and metabolism means all fatal problems ultimately terminate the heart function. It’s very important to protect the patient’s life if we have treatment to maintain heart function and care about patients’ heart response. It is known that many diseases induced heart dysfunction including Chagas disease, burn injury, smoking and other bad stresses. Chronic stress causes these physical symptoms and emotional symptoms. Due to the awareness created by the media and internet, patients are generally aware that they should seek help immediately for chest pain. Therefore, attention and studies on stress-induced heart dysfunction would help uncover the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac response to non-heart diseases and provide an insight of heart-protection drugs. At the same time, physicians should be aware of this new condition and how to diagnose and treat it, even though the causal mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This special chapter will discuss on the cardiac response to the stresses especially on our associated research in recent decades such as Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)-induced cardiomyopathy and burn injury–induced cardiomyopathy, and on some very popular stresses such as behavior, motion, mental, and smoking.
Perspective Chapter: Quasi Conformally Flat Quasi Einstein-Weyl Manifolds
Authors: Nurcan Fusun
Published: August 2022

The aim of this work is to study on quasi conformally flat quasi Einstein-Weyl manifolds. In this book chapter, firstly, an interesting relationship between complementary vector field and generator of the quasi Einstein-Weyl manifold is obtained and supported by an example. Then, it is investigated that quasi conformally flat quasi Einstein-Weyl manifolds are of quasi constant curvature, recurrent and semi-symmetric under which conditions after obtaining the expression of the curvature tensor of the quasi conformally flat quasi Einstein-Weyl manifold. Furthermore, some equivalences are obtained between to be of quasi constant curvature and to be semi-symmetric in quasi conformally flat quasi Einstein-Weyl manifolds.
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Current and Future
Authors: Andina Munawar Dian , Chairuddin Lubis Anggia , Munawar Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are at an increased risk of ischemic stroke due to the risks of thrombus formation. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is shown to be “the culprit” of thromboembolic events in NVAF and is currently a therapeutic target to prevent stroke. The absolute benefit of oral anticoagulation in the management of NVAF to improve cardiovascular outcomes has been well established. However, some patients are not good long-term candidates for oral anticoagulation for many reasons, including risks of bleeding, noncompliant to oral anticoagulation (OAC). Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides an attractive alternative to reduce the risk of stroke for those who are contraindicated to OAC therapy.
Evolution of Radio Source Components and the Quasar/Galaxy Unification Scheme
Authors: Ifeoma Onah Costecia , A. Ubachukwu Augustine , C. Odo Finbarr
Published: August 2022

In this work, a theoretical model is developed for explanation of temporal evolution of extragalactic radio sources via beaming, orientation effects and asymmetries. Equation of the form D≈P±q1+z−m is used to account for the D ∼ P/z relation. Also, D≈D01+z−1+z1+z2 accounted properly for Ω0=1 cosmology than the Ω0=0 counterpart in linear size versus redshift of radio sources. Similarly, D=Dc1∓lnPPc1/2 model explained redshift-luminosity relationship of extragalactic radio sources. The results from the regression analyses are q = +0.003 (r = 0.04) for sources with z < 1 and q = −1.59 (r = −0.6) for all z≥1 sources. A critical linear size, Dc of 316kpc which matches the maximum theoretical linear size, Dmax of 0.15D0 at a critical redshift zc∼1 and a critical luminosity Pc=26.33WHz−1 are obtained. The indication of all these results is that the linear size of radio sources evolves up to a certain limit in D–P plane and thereafter decreases with increasing luminosity as predicted in this work.
Motion Planning of UAV Swarm: Recent Challenges and Approaches
Authors: Mubashir Iqbal Muhammad , Anwar Ali Zain , Khan Rehan , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm is gaining massive interest for researchers as it has huge significance over a single UAV. Many studies focus only on a few challenges of this complex multidisciplinary group. Most of them have certain limitations. This paper aims to recognize and arrange relevant research for evaluating motion planning techniques and models for a swarm from the viewpoint of control, path planning, architecture, communication, monitoring and tracking, and safety issues. Then, a state-of-the-art understanding of the UAV swarm and an overview of swarm intelligence (SI) are provided in this research. Multiple challenges are considered, and some approaches are presented. Findings show that swarm intelligence is leading in this era and is the most significant approach for UAV swarm that offers distinct contributions in different environments. This integration of studies will serve as a basis for knowledge concerning swarm, create guidelines for motion planning issues, and strengthens support for existing methods. Moreover, this paper possesses the capacity to engender new strategies that can serve as the grounds for future work.
Prediction of Solubility and Miscibility Parameters of Bismuth-Arsenic Complex and Amorphous Mineral Compounds Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Adrián De la Torre-Martínez Francisco , Delgado Efren , Dolores Josefina Rodríguez Rosales María , Medrano-Roldán Hiram , López-Miranda Javier , Reyes-Jáquez Damián
Published: August 2022

Bismuth is one of the most difficult impurities to remove in mining concentrates and low concentrations generate problems in silver and copper refineries. Therefore, financial penalties are established when concentrations exceed 0.05%. Some researchers had used arsenic to remove bismuth with results of up to 52% of extraction. Unfortunately, this mechanism is not yet fully understood. The objective of this research was to obtain the solubility parameters of amorphous mineral compounds, including bismuth-based compounds, through computational simulation using molecular dynamics. The composition of the mineral sample was determined by X-ray diffraction and the crystalline species were obtained and modeled using Materials Studio software. The nanostructures were optimized by an energy minimization methodology using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm and were validated using the figure of merit equation and density. Simulations were performed using the Universal Force Field at constant pressure and temperature. The results of the minerals identified in the sample were compared with arsenic trioxide, indicating miscibility between As2O3and Bi2O3, possible miscibility with 10 other minerals, and immiscibility with the rest. The results indicate that As2O3 can be successfully used for the removal of Bi2O3 without a negative effect on the recovery of other minerals of higher commercial value.
Optimization of Retained Austenite and Corrosion Properties on EN-31 Bearing Steel by Cryogenic Treatment Process
Authors: Priyan Murugan Shunmuga
Published: August 2022

In this work, the percentage of retained austenite and corrosion rate presented on EN 31 bearing steel was identified by which cryogenic treatment processes. Further investigation carried out the possible mechanism brought in by which treatment has significantly improving the properties of the EN-31 bearing steel. The hardness values of CHT and DCT were compared by using the microstructure view of the CHT and DCT samples. The optimised cryotreated samples were prepared for metallographic examination as per ASTM E3-01. Then, the specimen were subjected to factor level settings such as cooling rate, soaking period, soaking temperature and tempering temperature at various conditions. Moreover, the precipitation of fine carbides and the transformation of retained austenite to martensite showed considerable variations in the hardness of the optimised DCT samples compared with the CHT samples. The mean hardness value of this sample is 861 HV and 19.20%, 847 HV and 17.25%, 838 HV and 17.10%, 857 HV and 18.40%, 790 HV and 13.45% improvement in the hardness compared with CHT.
Catalytic Behavior of Extended π-Conjugation in the Kinetics of Sensitizer-Mediator Interaction
Authors: Khattak Rozina
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses the catalytic effect of extended π-conjugation on the electron transfer process between ferricyphen-ferrocyanide and ferricypyr-ferrocyanide in an aqueous medium. Ferricyphen and ferricypyr may be feasible options for the sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells due to their high reduction potential, stability, capability as an outer-sphere oxidant, and photosensitivity. Meanwhile, ferrocyanide could be used as a mediator in DSSCs instead of iodide to avoid iodate production and achieve a similar reduction potential and stability. This chapter compared the ability of competent putative sensitizers to oxidize the likely mediator in water. In contrast to the 2,2′-dipyridyl chelate, the extended π-conjugation in 1,10-phenanthroline accelerated the redox process by increasing the electron affinity of ferricyphen as compared to ferricypyr. The reactions had the same kinetics but different rate constants, indicating that the ferricyphen-ferrocyanide reaction was several times faster than the ferricypyr-ferrocyanide reaction, revealing and confirming the catalytic influence of extended π-conjugation on the redox process.
Culture: A Pillar of Organizational Sustainability
Authors: Beatriz Macagnan Clea , Maria Seibert Rosane
Published: August 2022

Sustainability is a concern that permeates all levels of society and is premised on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. More recently, policies and research have emerged that guide organizations to align their activities with the broader sustainable development agendas, including cultural issues, not just economic, social, and environmental ones. Culture is the material and immaterial attribute of society. It incorporates social organizations, literature, religion, myths, beliefs, behaviors and entrepreneurial practices of the productive segment, use of technology, and expressive art forms on which future generations depend. Thus, cultural sustainability is a fundamental issue and is configured as the fourth pillar of sustainability, equal to social, economic, and environmental issues, which has to do with the ability to sustain or continue with cultural beliefs and practices, preserve cultural heritage as its entity, and try to answer whether any culture will exist in the future. The importance of cultural sustainability lies in its power to influence people. Their beliefs are in the decisions made by society. Thus, there can be no sustainable development without including culture.
Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for Selective Sequencing and Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Evers Maximilian , Brändl Björn , Müller Franz-Josef , Friedrichsen Sönke , Kolkenbrock Stephan
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we will discuss the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in the context of clinical diagnostics. We will provide an overview of existing methods and their use cases in the diagnostic field. Special attention will be given to selective sequencing approaches using third-generation sequencing and PAM-site requirements. As target sequences in an AT-rich environment cannot easily be accessed by the commercially available SpCas9 due to rarity of NGG PAM-sites, new enzymes such as ScCas9 with PAM-site requirements of NNG will be highlighted. Original research on CRISPR/Cas9 systems to determine molecular glioma markers by enriching regions of interest will be discussed in the context of potential future applications in clinical diagnostics.
Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetodielectric Properties of Bi-Based Modified Ceramic Composites
Authors: Jena Rasmita , Chandrakanta Kouru , Kumar Singh Anil
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we introduce a promising composite material, which can be used as a potential candidate in the field of charge storage, sensors, and spintronic devices. The structural, magnetic, and magnetodielectric properties of the pure cum composite samples are investigated. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray data confirmed the presence of a single (A21am) and mixed phases (A21am + R-3c + Pbam) in the pure and composite sample, correspondingly. The SEM microstructure suggests the contrasting nature of the homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of grains in the corresponding pure and composite sample. The magnetic properties of the composite sample increase due to the enhanced exchange interaction between the different magnetic ions. The frequency-dependent dielectric subjected to a constant magnetic field indicates the signature of magnetodielectric (MD) coupling for both the samples. The field variation of the MD loop shows the symmetric hysteresis loop in the composite due to the addition of magnetostrictive La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and the non-collinear antiferromagnetic Bi2Fe4O9 phase. The maximum value of MD% (~0.12%) is enhanced by ~13 times in the composite than in the pure sample. Therefore, the improved MD coupling and symmetric switching of the MD loop of the composite make it a suitable candidate for low power consumption storage devices.
Mesothelioma: Overview of Technical, Immunochemical and Pathomorphological Diagnosing Aspects
Authors: Minajeva Ave , Saranova Diana
Published: August 2022

For the clinicians with non-pathology background, first encountering the patients with pleural or peritoneal effusions, mesothelioma is only one statistically rare but clinically significant option of many differential diagnoses. This review aims to help the clinicians and broad life science audiences to understand step by step the possibilities and shortcomings of pathological diagnosing of mesothelioma, including the basic technical requirements. The first cytomorphology evaluation of pleural and peritoneal effusions in routinely stained smears enables in most cases only to identify cells suspicious for malignancy. The recent guidelines of epithelioid mesothelioma cytologic diagnosis and reporting emphasize immunochemistry (IC) in the cell blocks is mandatory whenever a diagnosis of malignancy is clinically entertained and/or cytologically suspected. The IC workup is challenging, since there is no fixed antibody panel, but multiple questions must be solved, such as 1) confirm the mesothelial or epithelial origin of isolated atypical cells and cell clusters; 2) delineate their benign or malignant nature; and 3) discriminate mesothelioma from other malignancies and metastatic disease. The rationale of the most widely clinically used IC markers is given and illustrated by the examples. The final confirmation of mesothelioma diagnosis and establishing its subtype and grade is possible only in the histological samples.
The Well-Being in the Children and Adolescents with ADHD: Possible Influencing Factors and How to Improve It
Authors: Yin Jenson , Luo Jie
Published: August 2022

In recent years, academics have increasingly emphasized the importance of research into the well-being of children and adolescents. This is because well-being plays an important role in the development of children and adolescents. The literature reports that high levels of well-being facilitate positive functioning in children and adolescents. They contribute to the overall development of the individual and are a key factor in helping children and adolescents to integrate into society. ADHD, the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affects more than 5% of children and adolescents, and the distress caused by its symptom can seriously undermine the well-being of children and adolescents. Therefore, this chapter discusses this noticeable issue focusing on the following key parts: An understanding of the well-being in children and adolescents, the factors that affect the well-being of children and adolescents with ADHD, and how to improve the well-being of children and adolescents with ADHD.
E-Waste Management in Different Countries: Strategies, Impacts, and Determinants
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Shireen
Published: August 2022

Over the last two decades, the electronic equipment has increased dramatically around the world, which causes increasing in e-waste as well. This increasing has affected the environment badly. E-waste disposal has become one of the most critical issues and concerns have raised of it because most of these products do not biodegrade easily and they are toxic. Different strategies have been followed in many countries in order to solve the e-waste problem. Understanding these strategies can help to plan better for e-waste management correctly. Awareness of people about the e-waste impacts is crucial, because it can ensure people participation in managing the e waste process. This research has carried out in order to introduce to the e-waste impacts on environment and human health, and the importance of people awareness about these impacts. In addition, it shows many strategies that have been used in different countries to manage the e-waste, choosing the successful one to focus in order to benefit from it. Furthermore, a surveying has been carried out to exam people awareness in Iraq about the e-waste impacts. Finally, recommendations to manage e-waste successfully have been added.
Identification of Predicted Load Cluster Pattern Power Generation Parameters Based on Descriptive Time Series Analysis
Authors: Mado Ismit
Published: August 2022

This chapter describes the process of identifying a power generation system. This is important because in principle the system parameters as a whole are not linear and uncertain. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an identification process using an experimental approach that is able to represent the system as a whole. The technique used in this identification process is Prediction Error Minimization (PEM) as a tool available in Matlab. Identification is done by simulating changes in the value of frequency, voltage and electrical power due to changes in load. The change in load over time is a characteristic of the time series pattern. Through descriptive analytic approach, the cluster load is patterned for each load operating condition. Through load clusters, the identification results of power generation systems are obtained based on their operating conditions. This chapter presents validated parameter estimates for each change in instantaneous load conditions. The simulation results obtained better performance between the actual output and the identification model, namely the calculation of the Intergal Absolute Error (IAE), with MAPE for the average frequency value of 73.95 percent, nominal voltage of 0.23 percent, and electric power of 23.46 percent.
Pulses: A Potential Source of Valuable Protein for Human Diet
Authors: Parveen Saima , Jamil Amina , Pasha Imran , Ahmad Farah
Published: August 2022

Nutritional profile of pulses has significant importance in human diet with respect to protein and mineral quality and bioavailability. Protein energy malnutrition is widespread throughout the world especially among the developing countries. Pulses being rich in macronutrients such as protein from 20 to 26% and low in calories are most suitable for product development for target-oriented population. During last decade, the demand for pulse-based products with high protein and fiber, low glycemic index, and gluten free with more antioxidant showed increasing trend by the consumers. Drift of end-use application of pulses generated interest for research in all disciplines such as breeding, agronomy, food, and nutrition, etc. A great share of plant protein in human diet may be a critical step for reducing dependence on animal origin protein source. This chapter will review contribution or choice of plant-based protein from legumes or pulses with good-quality protein based on amino acid composition. Additionally, this overview can give insight into the development of new product with balanced nutritional quality and high protein contents as a potential protein supply for malnourished population.
Police powers: Definition of the term in legal theory
Authors: Stevandić Danilo
Published: August 2022

The paper elaborates on the term "police powers" from both a theoretical and legal standpoint. Following the introductory section, the second part of the paper offers a semantic analysis of the legal term "police power", whilst the third part deals with the structure of police powers. The fourth part considers general legal characteristics of police powers, whereas the fifth part focuses on demarcation in respect of other related terms. The author concludes that a police power in its nature is a type of power (public law prerogative), and that it differs from other similar terms in sense of its specific characteristics: coercive character, special purpose and necessity of its implementation for the purpose of discharging a police duty (task at hand). The differences between police powers, police measures and actions are not such as to require different legal regimes. If the reason for its use is an unfulfilled duty from an administrative legal relationship, and if its use falls within the limits of such legal relationship, the police power is subject to a legal regime of administrative action; the use of police powers in either criminal cases or cases of misdemeanour entails the procedural actions determined by the relevant procedural law.
Traces of fire in cases of car self-ignition
Authors: Otašević Božidar , Tonić Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Criminalistic and forensic processing of vehicles damaged by fire is a specific field of crime scene investigation because the situation in terms of traceology is significantly different from the ones encountered when investigating other events and criminal offences. Due to the relatively small space of the car and a comparatively high density and flammability of fuel and other materials contained in it, the speed of development and the intensity of fire on such vehicles can be very high. This contributes to the fact that many traces that may indicate possible causes and origins of fire may be largely or completely destroyed. Bearing in mind this danger, but also the transience and unrepeatability of certain phenomena, it is very important to promptly arrive at the scene of fire and quickly extinguish it, as well as to monitor and record the development of fire, observing its characteristics. In addition to this, it should be borne in mind that in these situations the possibilities of proving by personal sources of evidence is minimal, so that criminal investigation must be based on material evidence collected during the crime scene inspection. The paper aims to point out specific traces in cases of spontaneous car combustion, particularly in cases where fire started in the area around the engine and in the passenger area.
Some considerations of the educational value of the programmed content of physical education in lower elementary school grades in relation to the critical period of development of certain anthropological characteristics of school children
Authors: Đukić Verica
Published: August 2022

This paper positions its attention on the issue of significance of the relation between educational value of the curricula in one hand and development characteristics of the critical periods of some anthropological features of the pupils in the lower grades on the other, which are more important for solving tasks of physical education at this age. This fact has not always been taken into consideration in complying curricula hence it was the subject of serious discussion on several professional symposiums, with the conclusion "... it can be assessed that current curricula are not in full compliance to the anthropological features of the pupils in the early school age..." Starting from the quoted conclusion, in the beginning of the new millennium a new curricula for the elementary school was implemented with precise operational goals in respect to gender and age of the pupils. Enrolling with the school, stabilisation of the motion skills and other aspects this anthropological features depends on, a child is capable of mastering more complex motions than congenital ones which they have mastered in the previous programs and therefore, by engaging the professionals, they have opted for this age more advanced content which considers critical development period above all motion skill, when the sensibility of structural functions is more expressed (morphological, neuro-physiological...), i.e. systems that are dealing with organisation of motion skills patterns. The paper also considers other anthropological features such as physical processes - attentions, thinking, memory, which were taken into consideration when selecting current curricula. The second part of the paper presents curricula and its educational value, especially from the point of methodical orientation to exercises from the general motion structure or the link the mastering exercises as a whole depends on.
Serbian Sokol Society in Pennsylvania (Steelton)
Authors: Pavlović Petar , Živanović Nenad , Pantelic-Babić Kristina , Pavlović Danilo
Published: August 2022

Serbian Sokol Societies were based on the idea of a new form of physical exercise originated in the Czech lands in the second half of the 19th century. After first initiatives, this idea soon spread to all Slavic as also countries where Slavic nations lived. That is how since 1907 this way of physical exercise appeared among Serbs who lived in America (USA). The Sokol idea in state of Pennsylvania started by the local Serbs in Steelton in the middle of 1912, when, following the initiative of the orthodox priest Teofil H. Stefanovic, they founded the Serbian Sokol Society. The subject of this research is Serbian Sokolism in America (USA) with the aim to explore when this society was founded, who took part in those and other activities until June 1914. During research authors used historical method.
Surgical Management and Outcomes of Patients with Idiopathic Peroneal Spastic Flatfoot: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Uçan Vahdet , Demirel Mehmet , Aliyev Orkhan , Yıldız Fatih , Uzer Gökçer
Published: August 2022

Background: Although tarsal coalition represents the most common cause of peroneal spastic flatfoot, its existence cannot be verified in several cases. In some patients with rigid flatfoot, no cause can be detected after clinical, laboratory, and radiologic examination, and the condition is called idiopathic peroneal spastic flatfoot (IPSF). This study aimed to present our experience with surgical management and outcomes in patients with IPSF.

Methods: Seven patients with IPSF, who were operated on between 2016 and 2019, and followed for at least 12 months were included, whereas those with known causes, such as tarsal coalition or other causes (eg, traumatic) were excluded. All patients were followed up for 3 months with botulinum toxin injection and cast immobilization as a routine protocol, and clinical improvement was not achieved. The Evans procedure and grafting with tricortical iliac crest bone graft in five patients and subtalar arthrodesis in two patients were performed. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale scores and Foot and Ankle Disability Index scores were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively from all patients.

Results: On physical examination, all feet manifested rigid pes planus with varying degrees of hindfoot valgus and limited subtalar motion. Overall, the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and Foot and Ankle Disability Index scores significantly increased from 42 (range, 20–76) and 45 (range, 19–68) preoperatively (P = .018) to 85 (range, 67–97) and 84 (range, 67–99) (P = .043) at the final follow-up, respectively. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. All computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed no evidence of tarsal coalitions in any of the feet. All radiologic workups failed to demonstrate secondary signs of fibrous or cartilaginous coalitions.

Conclusions: Operative treatment seems to be a good option in the treatment of patients with IPSF who do not benefit from conservative treatment. In the future, it is recommended to investigate the ideal treatment options for this group of patients.
How splicing confers treatment resistance in prostate cancer
Authors: Konda Prathyusha , Viswanathan Srinivas R
Published: August 2022

A splice variant of the androgen receptor that drives prostate cancer resistance translocates into the nucleus using a different mechanism from the full-length receptor and exhibits distinct molecular properties once inside.
A cholesterogenic gene signature for predicting the prognosis of young breast cancer patients
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Zhou Chaorong , Qiu Chaoran , Li Weiwen , Yu Qihe , Huang Hui , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Xin , Ren Liangliang , Huang Xin , Zhou Qinghua
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We aimed to establish a cholesterogenic gene signature to predict the prognosis of young breast cancer (BC) patients and then verified it using cell line experiments.

Methods

In the bioinformatic section, transcriptional data and corresponding clinical data of young BC patients (age ≤ 45 years) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for training set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared between tumour tissue (n = 183) and normal tissue (n = 30). By using univariate Cox regression and multi COX regression, a five-cholesterogenic-gene signature was established to predict prognosis. Subgroup analysis and external validations of GSE131769 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were performed to verify the signature. Subsequently, in experiment part, cell experiments were performed to further verify the biological roles of the five cholesterogenic genes in BC.

Results

In the bioinformatic section, a total of 97 upregulated genes and 124 downregulated cholesterogenic genes were screened as DEGs in the TCGA for training the model. A risk scoring signature contained five cholesterogenic genes (risk score = −1.169 × GRAMD1C −0.992 × NFKBIA + 0.432 × INHBA + 0.261 × CD24 −0.839 × ACSS2) was established, which could differentiate the prognosis of young BC patients between high-risk and low-risk group (<0.001). The prediction value of chelesterogenic gene signature in excellent with AUC was 0.810 in TCGA dataset. Then the prediction value of the signature was verified in GSE131769 with P = 0.033. In experiment part, although the downregulation of CD24, GRAMD1C and ACSS2 did not significantly affect cell viability, NFKBIA downregulation promoted the viability, colony forming ability and invasion capability of BC cells, while INHBA downregulation had the opposite effects.

Conclusion

The five-cholesterogenic-gene signature had independent prognostic value and robust reliability in predicting the prognosis of young BC patients. The cell experiment results suggested that NFKBIA played a protective role, while INHBA played the pro-cancer role in breast cancer.