bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrotropic Solvents Used For Extraction Techniques Of Barleria Elegans L. Leaves
Authors: Pal Singh Rakesh , Joshi D. B. , Bhadauria R. S.
Published: June 2022

Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections.
Hydrotropic agents are stated as ionic organic salts which help to increase or decrease the solubility of solute in a given solvent via ‘salt in’ or ‘salt out’ effects, respectively. Salts which show ‘salt in’ of non-electrolytes are called “hydrotropic salts” and the phenomenon is known as “hydrotropism. There are about 45,000 plant species in India, with concentrated hotspots in the region of Eastern Himalayas.Entire plants of Barleriaelegans collected from Shrinathji Institute of pharmacy, Nathdwara and the plant was authenticated by Dr. R.L. Bhardwaj. The leaves of Barleriaelegans plant was characterized by its morphological features like colour, shape, size and surface characteristics has been studies. The plant materials (500gm) were initially defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with blends RP-1 to RP-6 using a Soxhlet apparatus. The yield of the plant extracts measured about 20 g each after evaporating the solvent using water bath. As per result of TLC, we found that the hydrotropic blends solution aurecoferindly and cost effective method for the extraction purpose. All the phytoconstitutents which was earlier reported in previous literature by the use of organic solvents which were also present for the use of hydrotropic solvents.
Perception of Life Quality of Individuals with Periodontal Disease during Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Ingvorsen Kelli , Mourao Leila , Antonio Canabarro  , Ferreira Dennis , Andrade Marcia
Published: June 2022

In January 2020, the World Health Organization identified COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as a global health emergency. Restrictive measures and uncertainties resulted in a time of high stress, anguish, anxiety, depression and other psychosomatic symptoms. Studies have indicated that oral health was affected by the increased frequency of caries, bruxism and periodontal disease related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impairment of quality of life of individuals aged between 20 and 70 years, diagnosed with periodontal disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: After the approval of Ethics and Research, the data collection was done by online questionnaire, built on the Google Forms platform® and disclosed to periodontist dentists. The form was original multithematic containing 25 semi-structured questions, which were divided into sociodemographic questions and objective and subjective questions, according to the norms of resolution 510/16 (BRAZIL, 2016). The questionnaire was accessible for 3 months between June and September 2021. As a result, 125 responses were obtained, 14 of which were excluded: 13 because they corresponded to those over 70 years of age and 01 because the patient did not state age. The total number of valid answers was 111. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 Pandemic contributed to the impairment of quality of life and the appearance of oral alterations, bruxism and intensification of previously existing problems such as periodontal disease, mainly due to inadequate or insufficient self-care practices.
Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use of Online Examination System: A Case of Institute of Accountancy Arusha
Authors: Semlambo Adam , Almasi Kabeya , Liechuka Yusuph
Published: June 2022

Online examination systems have revolutionised the learning process for many learning institutions around the globe, especially in developing countries, and have proven effective during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain social distance. This study employed the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) to evaluate the perceived usefulness and ease of use of such systems when adopted in developing countries like Tanzania, where such systems are not well known by the learners. Also, the perceptions of such examinations among learners are not well explored. The Institute of Accountancy in Arusha was used as a case study where the population was 125, which is all third-year undergraduate learners of computer-based subjects. A descriptive analysis through SPSS version 26 showed a mixed perception about supporting online examinations in higher learning institutions. Furthermore, the study analysed different factors for perceived usefulness and ease of use of online examinations for learners, such as participant technical consigns, academic contributions, and security consigns. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the institution's management support is needed, and dedicated funds should be set aside to support reliable technologies for online learning and examinations.
Employer expectations on the performance of graduates through KSA (knowledge, skills and attitudes) with reference to banking sector in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Shinde Dr. Sandip , Al Balushi, Qais , Al Rashdi Al Yaqdhan , Adam Al-Zadjali Majid , Hameed Al Shabibi Abdul
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the gap between employer expectations and performance of graduates through KSA (Knowledge, skills and attitude) approach in banking sector in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. The main area which has been covered in this research is related to expectations and performance of graduates through knowledge, skills and attitude. Questionnaire for the survey was designed to find out the gap between expected and actual performance of graduates through KSA. To analyze the findings, descriptive and correlation analysis has been used. The results of the analysis are very important and significant for employers, graduates who have recently joined the banking sector and educational institutions. Firstly, Educational institutions should work on scaling up the skills of the graduates. Secondly, organizations should scale down the expectations from the new employees and also should work on enhancing their capabilities. Thirdly, graduates who have recently joined banking sector should work on enhancing their knowledge, skills and attitude required for the organization.

The conclusion leads to recommendations to the educational institutions as well as employer to modify their curriculum and training programs to enhance the capabilities of the new employees.

Keywords: KSA, Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Employer expectations.
The Rejection of Kyai Nahdlatul Ulama to the Anti-Polygamy Bill For The Dutch East Indies Colonial Government
Authors: Mawardi Kholid
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to convey the Kyai NU’s position on the anti-polygamy Bill, as well as the grounds behind their refusal. In the historical context, a Bill to abolish the practice of polygamy in Indonesian culture has existed since the Dutch East Indies Colonial control, the anti-polygamy Bill is called the Ontwerp Ordonnantie Marriage Boemipoetra. The Dutch East Indies colonial governement distributed the anti-polygamy Bill to all Islamic groups in Indonesia in order to get replies and views from these Islamic associations, which would serve as the foundation for the colonial government to approve or repeal the Bill. A literature-based study was carried out to gather, investigate, and analyze various literatures related to the Kyai NU's perspectives on the anti-polygamy Bill offered by the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government. The result of study shows that the execution of the anti-polygamy Bill is categorically rejected by Nahdlatul Ulama. This rejection is motivated by both religious and social considerations.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical Residues in Surface Water.
Authors: Nnodum Chima , Yusuf Kafeelah
Published: June 2022

Pharmaceutical compounds have been frequently detected in the aquatic environment globally and are suspected to have some negative health consequences. The present study evaluates the sources, occurrences, spatiotemporal variabilities, concentrations, and potential risks of some pharmaceutical residues in surface water of Isolo and Amuwo Odofin areas of Lagos Nigeria. surface water samples were collected bi-monthly for a period of twenty-four months. The samples were filtered with 0.45µm glass fiber and analyzed using HPLC with a UV detector. Solid-phase extraction was achieved with OASIS HLB cartridges C18 for pre-concentration of 500ml of the sample. The target analytes were acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, metronidazole, amoxicillin,  sulfadoxin, pyrimethamin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and caffeine. Levels of pharmaceutical residues (PRs) in the water samples ranged from 1.261-5.035ng / L for ibuprofen, 0.484 - 2.366ng / L for diclofenac, nd -3.57 ng / L for sulfadoxin, 0.976 -3.440 for ofloxacin, 0.585 - 0.706 ng / L for ciprofloxacin, 0.187-1.228ng / L for caffeine, 0.395-1.329 ng / L for acetaminophen and 0.032 – 0.598 ng / L for metronidazole. Amoxicillin and pyrimethamine were not detected in all the samples. The order of concentration of the pollutants are Ibuprofen > diclofenac > ofloxacin > sulfadoxin > acetaminophen> caffeine > caffeine > ciprofloxacin > metronidazole .Measured sample concentrations were compared with the approved values in “European Committee on antimicrobial susceptibility (EAUCAST)” database and some of the detected pharmaceutical compounds were found to be of high concentrations. Ecological risk assessments of each pharmaceutical active ingredient was evaluated and Rist Quotients (RQ) > 1 were found for metronidazole, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, indicating high risk. The need for improved wastewater treatment technologies cannot be over emphasized. Continuous monitoring and better regulatory frameworks may be necessary.
Understanding the Factors Lead to the Adoption of Content Localization Strategy by OTTP in India: A Review
Authors: Navami P  , Thomas Dr. P.E
Published: June 2022

OTT, the new video streaming service in India has rapidly evolved over the last few years. Post Covid era forced the people to follow a new and different pattern of video consumption which accelerated the growth of OTT platforms. Unlike traditional TV, in the new platform content creators can communicate with their consumers directly through an internet interface which offers much ease viewing at one’s own convenient space and time. Changing demographics, growing internet penetration & data consumption, affordable smart phones, elevated the trend and later leads to cord-cutting phenomenon. However a close analysis of OTT platform shows that apart from the demographic and infrastructural changes success of the new video platform is primarily determined by the quality and variety of content delivered by the OTT media. To compete with the traditional TV and the emerging regional OTT platforms, content strategists adopt different innovative idea. This report is the overview of the factors that leads to the adoption of the content localization strategy by OTTP in India. The study also entails the opportunity of particular strategy.
The Usability of ICT Technologies in Enhancing Gospel Preaching To People with Disabilities in Rwandan Churches.
Authors: Kabera Samuel
Published: June 2022

The Church of Christ worldwide, as well as African cultural setting, has always cared for people with disability. The central problem they faced is that they care for them by imposing their own agenda on them. In other words, they take over their lives by over-caring. Because of guilt, they want to do everything for them, as if they are not capable of functioning within that community. This way of caring leads to them over-protects these people. The process of caring over-shadows people with disability. They simply take over their lives, which results in the fact that these people become object of those who care for them. They are called names and are described by their function or through their disability. This is how they lose their name in life. The above discussion simply explains this object relational syndrome. For example, they are called abafitubumuga (handicapped). In brief, they lose who they are, when the community uses their characteristic instead of their names, and behavior becomes a way of dealing with them. The African church finally endorses the above by removing the image and likeness of God from them. For example, when they attend worship, they are viewed as people who are not normal, and in need of prayer, for healing so that they can be normal like us. This is another way of dealing with them as objects. Another obstacle in the African church is lack of ramps. The church is expecting the so-called normal people who function in a way that they want. This is a sign that people with disability are not welcomed. Finally, they are viewed as people possessed by demons and therefore in need of healing. The church, without finding out what they need, sets the agenda. The reader will now understand why the African church has neglected them.
Keywords: people; disability; church; pastoral care; African church; African communities; Accessibility; Inclusion of people with disabilities; Caring for people with disabilities; The church and people with disabilities.
The Influence of E-Learning on Teaching Administration of Primary Education in Rwanda
Authors: Kabera Samuel
Published: June 2022

The development of information technology (e-Learning) has a potential to support the learning process revolution; in this matter, a research is to be carried out to assess the impact of e-Learning on the teaching and learning management in primary education in Rwanda. The researcher must test the validity of the learning using expert validation sheet instruments and limited testing using observation sheets, interview guides, questionnaires and documentation as the main instruments. Data analysis will be collected using descriptive analysis techniques. E-learning is able to generate a high attractiveness and high learning motivation for the students. Learning is more fun so that students learn more optimally and effectively. The main thesis is that E-learning spawns numerous problems for primary students—namely a homogenization and dehumanization. This ultimately leads to what Ritzer (2000) calls a ‘Mc Donaldisation of education’ Key words:  E-Learning, Teaching Management.         INTRODUCTION
Integrating instructional technologies in teaching: The case of Malkerns primary schools, Eswatini
Authors: Portia L. Nkambule , Njabuliso H. Nsibande , Sithulisiwe Bhebhe
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish how educators integrate instructional technologies during teaching in Malkerns primary schools, located in the Manzini region of the Kingdom of Eswatini. The main focus of this study was on the training and support that educators receive towards the integration of instructional technologies in teaching as well as strategies to be put in place in order to curb the challenges faced. The study employed a qualitative approach and a descriptive research design in which face-to-face interviews and focus group discussion were used to collect data. Purposive sampling was used to select the five head teachers, ten educators as change leaders and two computer educators from five selected schools in the Malkerns cluster.  The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The main conclusions of the study were that the availability of instructional technologies in schools does not mean that they are integrated during the teaching process. The study also concluded that educators have inadequate technological training and inadequate support which hinder effective instructional technologies integration in teaching. It is recommended that appropriate training programmes for educators, establishment of fully-fledged computer laboratories and an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy to support instructional technologies should be put in place to ensure successful integration of instructional technologies in teaching.
Need for a pedagogy of large groups in Congo -Kinshasa
Authors: Reagan Ngonzo Kitumba , Kafeni C.T. Gumanda
Published: June 2022

This article starts from a constant according to which the classes of Kinshasa have become bloated because of the mismatch between the rhythm of the evolution of the school demand and the capacity of reception and possibility of supervision. An inadequacy justified by the state of the economies, especially the budgets allocated to education in the countries located south of the Sahara in which the Democratic Republic of Congo is located.

In order to solve this large group problem in classrooms, a purely pedagogical solution is proposed in this work. This is group pedagogy. Teachers should therefore be trained in the pedagogy of large groups during retraining to enable them to take charge of these classes.
Variables Selection Procedure for the DEA Overall Efficiency Assessment Based Plithogenic Sets and Mathematical Programming
Authors: Abdelfattah Walid
Published: June 2022

The appropriate selection of inputs and outputs also their count is a crucial step to achieve relevant results for any study involving the measurement of a set of decision-making units’ overall efficiency using the data envelopment analysis methodology. In the literature, however, there is still no definitive standard to guide this selection. This article offers a novel two-phase procedure allowing, by solving an integer non-linear program in the first phase, to determine the most suitable number of both inputs and outputs to be used. And then, by following a developed plithogenic multi-criteria decision-making method in the second phase, to specify inputs and outputs that have the most contribution in improving efficiency and should be considered in the DEA model. A running example is applied throughout this article to make the proposed procedure more comprehensible. It consists in selecting variables for measuring the overall efficiency of the Northern Border University in Saudi Arabia. Obtained results consider at the same time the uncertainty aspect of data, also indeterminacy in experts’ judgments towards inputs and outputs.
Biodegradation of Textile Effluent using Plants and Algae
Authors: Dr.Krishnakumari
Published: June 2022

Increasing globalization causes different environmental pollution. Out of pollution caused by various industries such as textile, dyeing and printing, paper, pulp, plastics, food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Textile effluent causes one of the major environmental problems. The effluent from textile industries poses a threat to the environment, due to the presence of various pollutants. Different types of dyes used in the textile industry usually have a synthetic origin and complex aromatic molecular structures which make them more stable and more difficult to degrade. The complex textile effluent can be biodegraded by algae (bioremediation) and various plants (phyto remediation) reduce the complex pollutants into detoxified smaller compounds.
Remote health care of gestational diabetes in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: A web monitoring application
Authors: Belahsen Rekia , Chamlal Hamid , Sahmad Mohammed
Published: June 2022

The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has led states around the world to impose several preventive measures in order to limit the spread of the infection, particularly among vulnerable people, including pregnant women. Indeed, a limitation of access to prenatal care has been observed at the level of recognized health structures, such as health centers; birthing homes; hospitals, general medicine or obstetrics gynecology practices. These systematic effects on the continuity of prenatal care as well as on the follow-up of gestational diabetes can lead to serious consequences for the mother/newborn couple. In this context coinciding with the era of digital health and from a reactive perception to overcome crisis situations, an innovative alternative is proposed by the development of a computer application allowing the realization of remote care. It is a means of communication between the caregiver and the patient and a facilitator of follow-up of gestational diabetes. It is applicable in both the public and private sectors and does not require a lot of resources or a high intellectual level.
Determinants of shopping centre preferences: Cali, Colombia
Authors: Carrillo-Rodríguez Lilian A. , Álvarez-Cano Ana M. , Ospina-Galindez Johann A.
Published: June 2022

The tendency to choose a shopping centre has motivated the interest in the development of this study, which aims to identify the factors of commercial attraction (place of residence, socio-economic level, transport system and reasons for visit) that determine preferences when going to a shopping centre. This study focuses on the five main shopping centre in the city of Cali, Colombia. Since most previous studies on this topic conducted in this region are limited to a qualitative scope, this study has a quantitative focus. Methodology: A survey of 516 people was carried out at consumers´ homes, and a generalised linear model with multinomial logit was adjusted. Findings: Socio-economic level, educational level, marital status, distance and leisure are determinants of visitors' shopping centre preferences. These results are expected to help the entrepreneurs across these businesses upon implementing marketing strategies that are targeted to specific market segments that allow the strengthening of their natural market and to attract a potential market. These findings could be used in other types of business, research and by academics in the retail and marketing research areas.
Determinants of Youth Unemployment in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An Empirical Analysis from 2001-2020
Authors: Nakuno BALEMBA
Published: June 2022

This article examines the determinants of unemployment in the DRC. The reduced nature of the sample, namely one country, is explained by the availability of data covering the period 2001-2020.The model inspired by the empirical literature is estimated by the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. After estimates by the OLS method, our econometric results reveal that the variables education, inflation, direct investment abroad, the population significantly explain the level of youth unemployment at the threshold of 1% and 5%. Education and foreign direct investment tend to increase the unemployment rate while population growth and inflation tend to reduce the unemployment rate. Our analysis of the determinants of unemployment appears to contribute to the literature on several levels. First, because few studies exist on the subject in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Compared to existing work, our study goes beyond methodologically by relying on more robust techniques such as ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variables. Finally, the article will serve as an interpellation and awakening of the consciences of political actors on the intolerable degree of unemployment in the context of the DRC, and will refer to it when necessary in political or economic decision-making.
Assessment of Geologic Effect of Road Submergence Depths on Soil Subgrade Strength in Eket, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Aka Mfoniso U. , E. Agbasi Okechukwu , Nsidibe Ndaraka Okonna , Derikuma Osu Azuanamibebi
Published: June 2022

Road submergence is a common occurrence in Eket, South-South Nigeria, resulting in massive outlays for road construction and alimony. Fundamentally, the delineation of roadway structures is based on the strength of consolidated soil avowed as the subgrade. Consequently, the subgrade is the in situ material upon which the roadway structure is placed. It is necessary to know the modes of damage to roads caused by submergence. This study assesses the effect of road submergence depths and the extent of submergences on the subgrade strength of soil samples carried out on the Uquo Eket road that was intensely defective by the deluge. Coherent and frictional soil material types were tested for California Bearing ratio (CBR), mechanical analysis, Atterberg limit determination, and moisture density tests, respectively. CBR tests were done at various elevations of submersion, including common drenching limit, elongated deluge, and resoluteness of its suitability. Atterberg limit determination and mechanical analysis tests categorized and determined the applicability of studious soil as subgrade substantial. For elongated duration deluges, the depth and extent of submergence of subgrade strength show a lower value. Moreover, mechanical and Atterberg limit determination tests indicate a rapid and high-resolution occurrence of delegation for the elongated duration.
Constraints in Implementing Decentralisation in Zambia
Authors: Tembo Moffat , Mwanaumo Erastus Misheng’u
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Against a backdrop of Zambia’s continued weak economic conditions and with many local authorities, experiencing declining local revenues and financial performance, this paper presents a synthesis of the local government turnaround findings. It aims to identify the constraints to decentralization and recovery strategies based on the evidence provided by pragmatic research. Design/methodology/approach: The questionnaire survey was carried out over a period of two weeks from sixth to 20 May 2019. 120 questionnaires were distributed via online to all 120 respondents using purposive and critical case sampling. The questionnaire was created and deployed using free online software (kobotoolbox) to the 120 critical case and purposively selected respondents. Out of 120 respondents 103 responded creating a survey response rate of above 85%. Findings: The research found that the major constraints in implementing decentralisation included; Continued delay to release decentralised functions by central government; lack of political will from central government; failure to implement the agreed decentralised structure by central government; failure to relinquish some revenue streams to local authorities; governments unclear policy guidance on decentralization; lack of a standardised system as well as a monitoring mechanism; and failure to generate adequate own revenue by local authorities. Research implications: This research assumes a significant role in formulation of policy for local government tier and could provide a basis for further research in this area as well as designing policies for an improved local government fiscal system. Practical implications: this study adds pragmatic perspectives towards resolving revenue problems faced by Zambia’s local authorities. Originality/value: This paper compiles facts and offers practitioners an evidence-based view through investigating Zambia’s local government economic structure, analyzing forces underlying them and examining their consequential cultural interplay. Keywords: Decentralisation; Local Authority; Local Revenue
Fazlur Rahman's Concept of Thought "Islam and Modernity"
Authors: Edi Sungkowo
Published: June 2022

Islamic education has an important position in internalizing religious values in society in a country. From here it is important that the development of Islamic education in maintaining the balance of physical and spiritual education. In its journey, Islamic education experienced a fairly rapid development. Many figures contributed their thoughts to the world of education, especially Islamic education. One of the most phenomenal figures in Islamic education and modernity is fazlur rahman. This research aims to explore the concept of educational thought fazlur rahman, especially about Islam and Modernity. Rahman's thoughts emphasize in his work entitled Ismal and Modernity, will absolutely require the synthesis of material in the teachings of the Qur'an. Without this effort, it will be able to result in the application of qur'an verses separately and individually which can result in misdirection. According to fazlur rahman, to convert and recite the Qur'an, a study of historical aspects is needed by providing a presentation of problems in the present in the contest where the Qur'an is revealed.
Multifunctionality of green corridors during pandemic lockdowns: a case study of Riobamba city in Ecuador
Authors: Morales Gonzalez Janeth Alexandra , Yang QingJuan , Sayed Mustafa Poyan
Published: June 2022

The pandemic has demonstrated several weaknesses and inequalities in the way society live and develops within cities, such as economic losses, massive contagions, and above all, the lack of control and people's lack of awareness about the crisis. This study aims to investigate the transformation of cities with a shortage of green spaces into cities with green and sustainable planning, the association between urban greenery and physical activity during the Covid-19, and urban green corridors as a planning tool for urban green areas.

The green corridor was born out of a social need in the face of a health crisis and the improvement of the urban environment. This research employs three methods to study: empirical judgment and experience analysis and network analysis. All those who could not cope with the lockdown exposed green and recreational spaces in Riobamba, since only 7% of those surveyed stayed at home, while 70% left their homes for green or recreational spaces within the urban area and 23% left the city. This shows how the quality of green areas can positively affect people’s behaviors during the Covid-19. This effect highlighted the preservation of natural areas, urban reforestation, and re-naturalization of spaces. The urban green corridor is a system that connects several spaces, creating two interactions: the first is how the city can provide the necessary infrastructure during a crisis, and the second is how it energizes and prioritizes the health and supply systems for urban residents, creating safe spaces for each of the city's sectors.
The Impact of COVID 19 on small businesses managed by Youths in Solwezi, Zambia
Authors: Chilekwa John , Zambia Kitwe , Musawa Nsama
Published: June 2022

This research studies the Impact of Covid-19 on the small businesses managed by the Youths in the mining town of Solwezi in Zambia. It utilised a qualitative research design method with 50 respondents being the youth businesses in Solwezi. Data collected through survey questionnaires was the analysed using the descriptive survey design. The study found that Covid-19 had adversely affected the youth managed small businesses performance and the youth employment in Solwezi. On the other hand, this has brought the prospects of technology driven businesses solutions around Solwezi. The study recommends more investment in internet technology and remote working practices as a way of reducing the impact of pandemics in the small businesses environment. It further recommends more relief and bail out packages from the Government to be considered for small businesses with low cash reserves.
Vaginal Acidity Affects Vaginal Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Saimin Juminten , Purnamasari Yenti , Mulyawati Sufiah Asri , Purnamasari Nur Indah , Arimaswati Arimaswati , Sandra Ferry
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The changes in vaginal acidity impact the composition of the vaginal microbiota, either commensal or pathogenic. After menopause, the vaginal tract is more susceptible to infection. Current study was conducted to analyze the effect of vaginal acidity changes on the vaginal microbiota composition in menopausal women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 subjects with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Vaginal pH was measured using a strip with colorimetric examination. The detection of Candida sp. was done by using 10% potassium hydroxide. Meanwhile for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus, polymerase chain reaction was performed. The data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: G. vaginalis was the mostly found pathogenic microorganism in current study (40.63%), followed by Candida sp. (25%). Further analysis showed that G. vaginalis were found in L. crispatus positive samples for 9 cases and L. iners positive samples for 9 cases. Candida sp. had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=8.273), T. vaginalis had a reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.765), G. vaginalis had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.440), L. crispatus had an reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.077), while L. crispatus had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.111).CONCLUSION: Vaginal acidity alterations in postmenopausal women affect either commensal or pathogenic microorganism composition. A decrease in the number of L. crispatus and an increase in the number of L. iners and pathogenic microorganisms is in line with the increase of pH.KEYWORDS: Lactobacillus, microbiota, menopause, pathogenic microorganisms, vaginal acidity
Instytucja naczelnika okręgu celnego w Rosji w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
Authors: Latawiec Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Na początku drugiej dekady XIX w. na terenie Rosji pojawiła się instytucja naczelnika okręgu celnego. Pełnił on funkcje nadzorcze w stosunku do urzędów celnych działających na granicy monarchii Romanowów. Ponadto realizował zarządzenia organu zwierzchniego w postaci Departamentu Handlu Zewnętrznego Ministerstwa Finansów. Na podstawie źródeł rękopiśmiennych i drukowanych dokonano analizy, w wyniku której należy stwierdzić, że stanowisko naczelnika okręgu celnego powstało w ramach powolnej modernizacji administracji celnej na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. Ponadto sam proces kształtowania się zakresu praw i obowiązków naczelnika okręgu celnego miał miejsce w drugiej, trzeciej i czwartej dekadzie XIX stulecia. Tak wypracowany model urzędnika nadzorującego działanie administracji celnej i straży granicznej na stałe znalazł się w strukturach rosyjskiej administracji skarbowej. Co więcej, w 1851 r. w wyniku likwidacji odrębności celnej Królestwa Polskiego stanowisko naczelnika okręgu celnego pojawiło się na tych peryferiach Imperium Rosyjskiego.
Uwagi do dziejów osadnictwa na obszarze dawnego powiatu orłowskiego w średniowieczu
Authors: Ćwikła Łukasz
Published: June 2022

W artykule sformułowano kilka uwag i spostrzeżeń o charakterze teoretyczno-metodologicznym na temat dziejów osadnictwa na obszarze dawnego powiatu orłowskiego, a także zasygnalizowano pojawienie się nowych punktów osadniczych na wspomnianym terytorium. W tekście wykazano krytycyzm względem formułowania wniosków na temat chronologii poszczególnych osiedli, wyciąganych na podstawie błędnie określonego kształtu wsi, zwłaszcza zaś przesuwania metryki osad do okresu wczesnego średniowiecza. Ponadto udało się wskazać na nową datę pierwszego zapisu źródłowego odnośnie do kilku miejscowości znajdujących się na terenie powiatu.
Number and reproduction of the population of the Komi Republic in the 19th-20th century: historical-demographic and historical-geographical studies of the Russian North
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Ignatova N.M. , Vishnyakova D.V. , Obedkov A.P. , Silin V.I.
Published: June 2022

The collective scientific monograph is the first issue in a series of monographic works of the sector of historical-demographic and historical-geographical studies of the Russian North of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Federal Research Center «Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences» and is devoted to the study of the problems of dynamics and reproduction of the population of the Komi Republic during the second half of the 19th century – the end of the 20th century. The analysis of historical sources and scientific research of the topic is presented, the dynamics, age and sex structure of the population are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of fertility and mortality of the population. The monograph examines the permanent population, which in the middle of the 20th century included special settlers. They were taken into account in the censuses, along with the local population.
THE INTERCONNECTION OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTA DURING THE TOBACCO INTOXICATION
Authors:   Оренбургская областная клиническая больница № 2, Лизурчик Л.В.
Published: June 2022

Цель исследования − выявить взаимосвязь между элементным составом и морфофункциональными характеристиками плаценты крыс при табачной интоксикации. Определение элементного состава плаценты проводили с помощью масс-спектрометра Elan 9000 и атомно-эмиссионного спектрометра Optima 2000 V. Морфофункциональные характеристики плаценты изучали посредством приготовления серийных парафиновых гистологических срезов. Данные обрабатывали при помощи U-критерия Манна−Уитни. Установлено, что в результате пассивного курения происходило снижение плодовитости самок, нарушение физического развития плодов, снижение массы и толщины плаценты, уменьшение числа плодовых капилляров и материнских синусов плаценты. Наиболее часто встречаемыми патологическими изменениями гистологического строения плацент опытных групп оказалось развитие очагов расстройств кровообращения, воспалительные и атрофические изменения. При сравнении элементного состава у опытных групп были выявлены более низкие значения магния и железа, на фоне более высоких значений свинца и кадмия. Выявленный дисэлементоз в совокупности с патоморфологическими изменениями плаценты стал причиной плацентарной недостаточности, которая в свою очередь привела к задержке внутриутробного развития плодов.
NEW WAY TO ASSESS THE BIOELEMENT SELENIUM NUTRITIONAL STATUS NON INVASIVELY IN VIVO
Authors:   University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Prejac J. , Morović S. ,   Aviva Medical Center, Drmić S. ,   Cliniical Hospital Dubrava, Morović J. ,   Centar IGW, Pišl Z. ,   Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Ecosystems (IRES), Momčilović B. ,   Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Ecosystems (IRES)
Published: June 2022

Selenium (Se) is essential trace element in human nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess selenium nutritional status by analyzing Se frequency distribution in the long-term biological indicator tissue of hair (H∙Se) and in the short-term biological indicator tissue of whole blood (WB∙Se). Hair selenium was analyzed in 1073 apparently healthy adult Croats (339 ♂ and 734 ♀) and the whole blood selenium was analyzed in a random subsample of 91 ♂ and 143 ♀. Samples were analyzed by the ICP-MS at the Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia. There were no significant gender dependent difference in the selenium adequate linear reference range which was (µg∙g1) for H∙Se 0.078–0.701 and for WB∙Se 0.120–0.200, respectively. Hair selenium concentrations below 0.078 and 0.120 for WB∙Se indicate selenium deficiency. The estimated upper adequate selenium limits for H∙Se and WB∙Se are set at 0.701 and 0.200 µg∙g1, respectively. The linear segment of the generated H∙Se logistic distribution sigmoid curve is considered to represent adequate Se intake range. This adequate selenium intake segment can be itself partitioned by a 60:30:10 percentage ratio into Sparsely adequate (♀ 0.078–0.405, ♂ 0.1740.474), Adequate (Optimal) (♀ 0.4050.573, ♂ 0.474–0.608), and Ample adequate segment (♀ 0.5730.623, ♂ 0.608–0.709). These reference dose data are essential for continuous monitoring of the selenium nutritional status and selenium supplementation medication The noninvasive selenium status assessment is especially important when dealing with a vulnerable segments of human population like pregnant and lactating women, and their infants. The Median Derivatives Bioassay provides a new public health asset for general medical practice.
Organizational and Managerial Problems of the Functioning of Academic Journals of the RAS
Authors: Demidenko Svetlana
Published: June 2022

The article raises the questions about the use of scientific periodicals in modern conditions in academic journals of a socio-humanitarian profile. It is also outlines the main production problems associated with holding competitions for the publication of RAS journals and their financing, special personnel, editorial phenomena, institutions for reviewing and participation of the editorial board, reviews and authors, as well as general issues of the development of scientific periodicals are identified. It is shown that an indicator of the importanceof the role of the editorial board is in maintaining a high level of scientific periodicals.
The Choice between Democracy and Authoritarian Government in the Minds of Citizens of Post-Communist Countries: Factors and Dynamics
Authors: Zemtsov Artyom
Published: June 2022

This paper is dedicated to studying the value of democracy and authoritarian government in the political consciousness of citizens of post-communist countries three decades after the democratic transition. The author primarily examines the dynamics of said value and the complex ways in which a country’s socio-demographic characteristics, political regime type and economic development can impact their acceptance of democratic values. The author also analyzes such a thesis as “crisis of democracy”, particularly in post-communist regimes, what sort of causes, factors lie at the bottom this crisis and how potential deconsolidation can affect political culture. The study is built on comparative data from surveys by project “Life in Transition Survey”, which was conducted in 28 post-communist countries in 2006, 2010 and 2016. In the beginning the author’s reasoning is rooted in modernization theory and transitology — the most prevalent approaches in the study of post-communist regimes — with them being examined in critical light, and used as a foundation to put forward three key theses on the effect of individual and national factors on the value of democracy.
The study shows that levels of support for democracy can vary significantly from country to country. Regardless, it is in higher demand in the vast majority of post-communist societies compared to the authoritarian alternative and the absentee position. However, while continuing to be the most sought after, democracy’s value rating is deteriorating. With the help of multi-level ordinal regression analysis, the author was able to identify certain stable patterns: first of all, the more social resources people possess — the more inclined they are to maintain the value of democracy, secondly, the less economically developed a country — the higher the value of democracy among its citizens, thirdly, regime type does influence the value of democracy, but the effects of such influence vary from year to year. Nevertheless, these results in part disprove the logic of modernization theory and transitology. The author offers his own original explanations and interpretations of the results.
Is Russian Sociology of Labor Ready to Respond to New Challenges? (Analytical Review of Two Scientific Conferences)
Authors: Bocharov Vladislav , Klimova Svetlana
Published: June 2022

This article provides an analytical review of two major conferences on sociology of labor, held in December of 2021 and March of 2022. The central problem was the precarity of work and the situation of employees given conditions of unstable employment caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The thematic continuity of the events made it possible to realize the persistence and scale of the precarity phenomenon both as a topic of sociological knowledge and as a social problem. In particular, it is shown that precarious work, being intrinsic to an increasing number of people of various professions, warps not only the social role of the employee, but also undermines the role of work as the value- and meaning-forming framework of human life. The empirical data presented by the speakers proved that precarious employment is becoming a new form of exploitation, since it means a relatively low price of labor, a decline in an employee’s qualifications, a limited number of social guarantees, vulnerability in crisis situations. Remote work, something that has become widespread during the pandemic, has brought about not only certain advantages for both the employee and the company (efficiency, saving time and other resources, advanced training in the field of information technology), but also new forms of exploitation (extending the work day, using personal and familial resources for work, etc.). The article closes with conclusions regarding the potential demand for the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the scientific discussions held when it comes to counteracting the precarization of employment and labor relations.
Motivation of volunteers involved in emergency situation response: results of a mass survey
Authors: Voronina Nataliya , Basheva Olga
Published: June 2022

This article being a continuation of the work published in the Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology (2021. Volume 12. No. 4) analyses the motivation of volunteers operating in emergency situations (ES). The participation of volunteers is seen as a real effective tool to help official services respond to emergencies (floods, fires, people missing in natural and urban environments). At the same time, the activity of volunteers is associated with physical and emotional stress, risks to life and health, and therefore it is important to know what motivates these people to get involved in this activity and stay in it for a long time. The authors show that this topic remains little studied in Russia. To search for the most adequate methodology for studying the motivations of Russian volunteers, the authors have analysed the existing theoretical approaches, as well as a number of qualitative and quantitative empirical studies on the relevant issues. The results of a mass survey conducted by the authors demonstrate that motives common in Russia are similar in meaning to the typology of motives proposed by E.G.Clary and M. Snyder. The most common motives are altruistic (the need for gratuitous help to people) and personal (characterised by the need of self-development). Russian volunteers most often receive symbolic rewards for their activities: diplomas, official gratitude, or the opportunity to participate in training seminars. At the same time, they note that they do not expect anything at all in return for their help. When choosing a volunteer organisation, volunteers most often focus on the range of problems this organisation deals with, as well as on the opportunity within this organisation to realise their own potential. The analysis also showed that almost half of the respondents once had thoughts of quitting volunteer activities, and first of all, due to emotional burnout. However, in their plans for 3–5 years, almost all respondents do not plan to stop volunteering. The results obtained are analysed from the standpoint of theories of motivation by A.Maslow, L.Hustinx and F. Lammertyn.