bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation into the Difference in the External Noise Behavior of a High-Speed Train between Viaduct and Embankment Sections
Authors: Li Muxiao , Deng Tiesong , Wang Di , Xu Fan , Xiao Xinbiao , Sheng Xiaozhen
Published: March 2022

Track construction is likely to exert a significant effect on railway environmental noise. In this study, a detailed comparative investigation was conducted to analyze the differences in the external noises generated by a Chinese high-speed train passing through typical lines at different speeds. Acoustic experiments were conducted on both viaduct and embankment sections by using a microphone array having 78 channels, to distinguish the effects of two types of track structures on the sound fields around these, identify the sources, and determine the contribution and distribution of each part of the train. The quantized sound power contribution of each region on the train surface determined using the identification results obtained from the experiments and analysis shows that the main noise sources of the train are located in three regions: the lower parts, bogie, and train body. The pantograph was the dominant noise source at speeds above 300 km/h. Considering the embankment as a reflective surface compared with the viaduct, the ground reflection effect results in a higher sound power level in the embankment section. Furthermore, the largest difference between the two sections increases to 1.8 dB at a speed of 350 km/h. In addition, the reflection effect is more apparent at high speeds, and the reflection is evident in the low-frequency band (<1000 Hz). The analysis of the experimental results is effective for identifying the difference and satisfies the requirement for reducing external pass-by noise in typical operational lines.
Secure Smart Healthcare Monitoring in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Ecosystem with Cosine Function Hybrid Chaotic Map Encryption
Authors: Khan Jalaluddin , Khan Ghufran Ahmad , Li Jian Ping , AlAjmi Mohamed Fahad , Haq Amin Ul , Khan Shakir , Ahmad Naved , Parveen Shadma , Shahid Mohammad , Ahmad Sultan , Raji Mordecai , Ahamad Bilal , Alghamdi Abdulrahman Abdullah , Ali Amjad
Published: March 2022

The technological progression is raised as a hybrid ecosystem with the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Among them, healthcare is also broadly unified with the Internet of Things to develop an industrial forthcoming system. Utilizing this type of system can be facilitating optimum patient monitoring, competent diagnosis, intensive care, and including the appropriate operation against the existing critical diseases. Due to enormous data theft or privacy leakage, security, and privacy towards patient-based informative data, the preservation of personal patients’ informative data has now become a necessity in the digitized community. The produced article is underlined on handsomely monitoring, perceptively extracted keyframe, and further processed lightweight cosine functions using hybrid way chaotic map keyframe image encryption. Initially, a regular concept of extracted keyframe is deployed to salvage meaningful detected frames by transmitting an alert autonomously to the administration. Then, lightweight cosine function for encryption is employed. This encryption incorporates keyframe exceedingly secure and safe from the outside world or any adversary. Our proposed methodology validates effectiveness throughout the IIoT ecosystem. The produced outcome is highly acceptable and has minimum execution time, robustness, and reasonably adopted cost-effective, secure parameter than any other (keyframes) image encryption methods. Furthermore, this methodology has optimally reduced bandwidth, essential communicating price, transmission cost, storage, and immediately judicious analysis of each occurred activity from the outside world or any adversary to remain secure and confident about the real patient-based data in the smartly developed environment.
Automatic Demand Response Method for the Energy Storage Resource System Based on the Blockchain Technology Combined with Sensors
Authors: Xie Xueyuan , Xu Yong , Yu Qian , Hong Chen , Zhang Lingqiao , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the efficiency of the automatic demand response of the energy storage resource system, a user authentication and key agreement scheme for wireless sensor networks based on blockchain is proposed. The user does not need to register with the gateway node. As the light node of the blockchain network, the two can directly authenticate each other. The user obtains the public information of the sensor node from the blockchain through the client and verifies its legitimacy. It solves the problem that the traditional wireless sensor network user authentication scheme cannot be applied to the distributed Internet of things environment and the authentication process is low in security and efficiency. Mode 1 is the disordered charging mode. The charging facility provides continuous constant power charging service for the connected response subject until the user leaves. If the response subject is full before this, the charging will stop. Mode 2 is the BADR operation mode under charging optimization only, that is, the V2G function of PEV is not considered. In this case,

0
≤

P

l
,
k

≤

P

l

max
c

. Mode 3 is the BADR operating mode with V2G functionality in mind. The ELN load characteristics under the above three operating modes are discussed, respectively. Calculate and compare with economy on both sides of supply and demand. The experimental results show that the discharge compensation coefficient will not affect mode 2. In mode 3, as the compensation coefficient increases (from 0.4 to 1.2 at intervals of 0.2), the average total cost of the PEV cluster continues to decrease and the average total cost of the energy local network (ELN) system increases monotonically. Comparing the curves of the economic impact of the compensation coefficient on both sides of mode 2 and mode 3, it can be seen that the reasonable setting of the compensation coefficient is one of the key parameters for controlling the distribution of benefits. It proves that the proposed blockchain-based automated demand response (BADR) method can not only meet the satisfaction of energy demand but also coordinate the available energy storage resources in the system, so that the load level curve can track the output of new energy to the greatest extent and improve the balance between supply and demand of the system, which is suitable for a large-scale decentralized energy storage system.
Construction of Community Medical Communication Service and Rehabilitation Model for Elderly Patients under the Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Wang Fang , Wang Dan , Xiang Yanhua , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to discuss the health management of elderly patients in the community and the management of community rehabilitation under the support of the new Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT technology was adopted to monitor the wearable devices through mobile medical physiological data. The heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and other physiological indicators of the elderly were collected in real time. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was selected as the core algorithm for the elderly physiological index disease risk assessment, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was adopted as the core method of the elderly disease risk quantitative assessment model to process the physiological indicators, and finally, a reasonable physiological index processing model and quantitative indicators of disease risk were obtained. The data on vascular disease were selected from the MIMIC database. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the SVM algorithm and the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm were compared and analysed. The final verification results showed that the fusion accuracy of the SVM processing MIMIC database and the University of California Irvine (UCI) dataset was 0.8327 and 0.8045, respectively, while the fusion accuracy of the BPNN algorithm in processing the same data was 0.7792 and 0.7288, respectively. It was obvious that the fusion accuracy of the SVM algorithm was higher than that of the BPNN algorithm, and the accuracy difference of the SVM algorithm was lower than that of the BPNN algorithm in different groups of data. In the verification of the elderly disease risk quantitative assessment model, the results were consistent with the selected data, which verified the effectiveness of the design model in this study. Therefore, it can be used as a quantitative assessment model of general elderly physiological indicators of disease risk and can be applied to the community medical communication management system. It proved that the model of medical communication and rehabilitation services for elderly patients in the community constructed in this study can definitely help the development of community service for the elderly.
mTOR Inhibition and T-DM1 in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Casadevall David , Hernández-Prat Anna , García-Alonso Sara , Arpí-Llucià Oriol , Menéndez Silvia , Qin Mengjuan , Guardia Cristina , Morancho Beatriz , Sánchez-Martín Francisco Javier , Zazo Sandra , Gavilán Elena , Sabbaghi Mohammad A. , Eroles Pilar , Cejalvo Juan Miguel , Lluch Ana , Rojo Federico , Pandiella Atanasio , Rovira Ana , Albanell Joan
Published: March 2022

In patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, the combination of everolimus (mTORC1 inhibitor) with trastuzumab failed to show a clinically significant benefit. However, the combination of mTOR inhibition and the antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) remains unexplored. We tested T-DM1 plus everolimus in a broad panel of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines. The combination was superior to T-DM1 alone in four cell lines (HCC1954, SKBR3, EFM192A, and MDA-MB-36) and in two cultures from primary tumor cells derived from HER2-positive patient-derived xenografts (PDX), but not in BT474 cells. In the trastuzumab-resistant HCC1954 cell line, we characterized the effects of the combination using TAK-228 (mTORC1 and -2 inhibitor) and knockdown of the different mTOR complex components. T-DM1 did not affect mTOR downstream signaling nor induct autophagy. Importantly, mTOR inhibition increased intracellular T-DM1 levels, leading to increased lysosomal accumulation of the compound. The increased efficacy of mTOR inhibition plus T-DM1 was abrogated by lysosome inhibitors (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1). Our experiments suggest that BT474 are less sensitive to T-DM1 due to lack of optimal lysosomal processing and intrinsic resistance to the DM1 moiety. Finally, we performed several in vivo experiments that corroborated the superior activity of T-DM1 and everolimus in HCC1954 and PDX-derived mouse models. In summary, everolimus in combination with T-DM1 showed strong antitumor effects in HER2-positive breast cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. This effect might be related, at least partially, to mTOR-dependent lysosomal processing of T-DM1, a finding that might apply to other ADCs that require lysosomal processing.

Implications:

Inhibition of mTOR increases the antitumor activity of T-DM1, supporting that the combination of mTOR inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates warrants clinical evaluation in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Genetic Susceptibility among Older Individuals
Authors: Bakshi Andrew , Cao Yin , Orchard Suzanne G. , Carr Prudence R. , Joshi Amit D. , Manning Alisa K. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Umar Asad , Winship Ingrid M. , Gibbs Peter , Zalcberg John R. , Macrae Finlay , McNeil John J. , Lacaze Paul , Chan Andrew T.
Published: March 2022

Although aspirin has been considered a promising agent for prevention of colorectal cancer, recent data suggest a lack of benefit among older individuals. Whether some individuals with higher risk of colorectal cancer may benefit from aspirin remains unknown. We used a 95-variant colorectal cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) to explore the association between genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer and aspirin use in a prospective study of 12,609 individuals of European descent ages ≥70 years, enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial (randomized controlled trial; RCT). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of aspirin use on colorectal cancer, as well as the interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment on colorectal cancer. Over a median of 4.7 years follow-up, 143 participants were diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer. Aspirin assignment was not associated with incidence of colorectal cancer overall [HR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–1.30] or within strata of PRS (P for interaction = 0.97). However, the PRS was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.28 per SD; 95% CI, 1.09–1.51). Individuals in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an 85% higher risk compared with individuals in the bottom quintile (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08–3.15). In a prospective RCT of older individuals, a PRS is associated with incident colorectal cancer risk, but aspirin use was not associated with a reduction of incident colorectal cancer, regardless of baseline genetic risk.

Prevention Relevance:

There is strong evidence to support prophylactic aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer. However recent recommendations suggest the risk of bleeding in older individuals outweighs the benefit. We sought to determine whether some older individuals might still benefit from aspirin based on their genetic susceptibility.
Identification of Functional Heterogeneity of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts with Distinct IL6-Mediated Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: McAndrews Kathleen M. , Chen Yang , Darpolor J. Kebbeh , Zheng Xiaofeng , Yang Sujuan , Carstens Julienne L. , Li Bingrui , Wang Huamin , Miyake Toru , Correa de Sampaio Pedro , Kirtley Michelle L. , Natale Mariangela , Wu Chia-Chin , Sugimoto Hikaru , LeBleu Valerie S. , Kalluri Raghu
Published: March 2022

The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves a significant accumulation of fibroblasts as part of the host response to cancer. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex immunostaining, and several genetic mouse models, we identify carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with opposing functions in PDAC progression. Depletion of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)+ CAFs results in increased survival, in contrast to depletion of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ CAFs, which leads to decreased survival. Tumor-promoting FAP+ CAFs (TP-CAF) and tumor-restraining αSMA+ CAFs (TR-CAF) differentially regulate cancer-associated pathways and accumulation of regulatory T cells. Improved efficacy of gemcitabine is observed when IL6 is deleted from αSMA+ CAFs but not from FAP+ CAFs using dual-recombinase genetic PDAC models. Improved gemcitabine efficacy due to lack of IL6 synergizes with anti–PD-1 immunotherapy to significantly improve survival of PDAC mice. Our study identifies functional heterogeneity of CAFs in PDAC progression and their different roles in therapy response.

Significance:

PDAC is associated with accumulation of dense stroma consisting of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix that regulate tumor progression. Here, we identify two distinct populations of fibroblasts with opposing roles in the progression and immune landscape of PDAC. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblasts are functionally diverse with therapeutic implications.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397
A Case of Bladder Large Cell Carcinoma with Review of the Literature
Authors: Lopedote Paolo , Yosef Amir , Kozyreva Olga
Published: March 2022

Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the bladder are infrequent. Among them, large cell NE tumor has been outlined only in case reports and short case series, which describes them as aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The case of an 82-year-old patient with muscle-invasive large cell NE carcinoma of the bladder associated with urothelial carcinoma in situ is presented. Despite combined treatment modality, relapse with metastatic disease was detected 12.5 months after the initial diagnosis. Thereafter, we review several published cases, and results of the collected data are compared with the largest studies published on this topic.
Rectal Cancer: Open Questions in 2022 Current Standards of Clinical Practice and Ongoing Trials
Authors: Conradi Lena-Christin , Rödel Claus , Ghadimi Michael
Published: March 2022

Background: Rectal cancer remains a complex disease and a relevant global health issue, increasingly affecting also younger patients. This update review summarizes the current standard of care and discusses the individualized treatment approaches taking into consideration individual tumor characteristics and patients preferences. Summary: Remaining “gray zones” of rectal cancer therapy warranting further prospective studies are identified including surgical approaches for rectal cancer, e.g., minimally invasive surgical techniques and lateral lymph node dissection for low rectal cancers. The emerging concept of a watch-and-wait strategy upon clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy is discussed, also considering the still limited evidence and the clinical challenges arising from individualized patient management. Key Messages: Finally, currently conducted clinical trials of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group are described, aiming to further individualize multimodal treatment according to risk profiles and strict MRI criteria.
Megestrol Acetate for Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Old Answer for a New Problem
Authors: La Vecchia Maria , Galanti Daniele , Fazio Ivan , Paratore Rosario , Borsellino Nicolò
Published: March 2022

Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in male. Despite its incidence increased in the last few years, the mortality is gradually decreasing, even in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Unfortunately, prolongation of survival leads to the exhaustion of therapeutic chances. Therefore, patients with good performance status (PS) may remain out of further active treatments. We report the clinical case of a 71-year-old patient with symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and good PS who progressed after multiple treatments and started a hormonal therapy with megestrol acetate (MA). MA is a synthetic progestin used for treatment of mPC in 1990s since it was shown to have an antiandrogen activity. In our case, MA managed to overcome resistance to androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs), getting a dramatic biochemical and radiological response and a rapid improvement of symptoms. Our clinical case shows that MA is an interesting therapeutic option especially in long-survivor patients with mCRPC and a long progression-free survival during ARTAs therapies.
The Use of Pan-Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Immunohistochemistry as a Screening Tool for the Detection of Neurotrophic Tropomyosin-Related Kinase Fusions: Real-World Data from a National Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Van Bockstal Mieke R. , Beniuga Gabriela , Craciun Ligia , Creytens David , Dedeurwaerdere Franceska , Delvenne Philippe , Demetter Pieter , De Wiest Bart , Dewinne Koen , Habran Lionel , Pauwels Patrick , Theate Ivan , Vander Borght Sara , Van Der Steen Kris , Weynand Birgit
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The neurotrophic tropomyosin-related kinase (NTRK) genes encode the tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs). Patients with solid tumors harboring an oncogenic NTRK fusion are eligible for treatment with TRK inhibitors. NTRK fusion is often associated with TRK overexpression. Pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to screen for NTRK fusions, but immunoreactivity patterns are poorly defined. Methods: Data on pan-TRK immunoreactivity patterns in 2,669 solid tumors (comprising carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanocytic lesions) were retrospectively collected by nine laboratories and comprised tumor type, percentage of pan-TRK-positive tumor cells, staining intensity, cytoplasmic, membrane and/or nuclear staining pattern, and the presence or absence of NTRK fusion. Results: Overall, 2,457 tumors (92%) were pan-TRK negative and 212 neoplasms (8%) were pan-TRK positive. Twenty-two pan-TRK-positive tumors (0.8%) harbored an NTRK fusion, representing 10% of all pan-TRK-positive tumors. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was most often observed, followed by membrane immunoreactivity. Nuclear pan-TRK positivity was least frequent, but was most often (33%) associated with NTRK fusion. Conclusion: Pan-TRK IHC can be used to screen for NTRK fusions, especially in commonly diagnosed solid tumors with low NTRK fusion prevalence. In case of pan-TRK immunoreactivity, regardless of its intensity and tumor cell percentage, subsequent molecular tests should be performed to formally confirm the presence or absence of NTRK fusions.
Differences by Anatomical Site of Non-Acral Lentiginous Melanomas of the Lower Limb
Authors: Gavillero Alicia , García-Casado Zaida , Requena Celia , Manrique-Silva Esperanza , Traves Víctor , Kumar Rajiv , Nagore Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Background: Acral location of melanomas is associated with poor survival. It can be due, at least in part, to the fact that acral lentiginous melanoma, a distinct melanoma subtype, has a particular biological profile and a bad clinical behavior. However, since almost 50% of acral melanomas are not of acral lentiginous melanoma subtype, the worse clinical behavior could also be attributable to the intrinsic characteristics of the location. Objective: This study aimed to investigate if melanomas of the lower limb excluding acral lentiginous melanoma differ by location. Methods: This retrospective, observational study recruited patients from an oncology referral center in Spain. We included 285 patients with superficial spreading and nodular melanomas of the lower limb. We compare melanomas by site, clinical and pathological characteristics, and the differences by location of disease-free and melanoma-specific survival by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard method. Results: Patients with melanomas on the foot, compared to those on the rest of the limb, were older and reported having suffered less sunburns; the melanoma more frequently appeared in areas that had been rarely sun exposed, were more frequently of nodular type, presented thicker tumors, with more ulceration, less regression, and more advanced stage of the disease. Foot location increased the risk of relapse and decreased melanoma-specific survival. Conclusion: Melanoma development in foot is less related to sun exposure and is associated with pathological features that can account for the worse prognosis and poorer survival.
A Case of Male Genital Psoriasis without Involvement of the Glans Penis
Authors: Zubrzycki Nicolas , Leow Liang Joo
Published: March 2022

Genital psoriasis is a debilitating condition affecting approximately 49% of male psoriasis patients at least once during their lifetime. This condition often presents as generalized plaque psoriasis and features well-demarcated, erythematous plaques affecting the glans penis and corona. Presentations of male genital psoriasis which disagree with this description may be under- or misdiagnosed, delaying appropriate management. We present the first reported case of chronic plaque psoriasis affecting the penile shaft without involvement of the glans. Both consistent histologic and non-cutaneous features of psoriasis facilitated diagnosis in this patient. The sclerotic plaque on the patient’s penile shaft resolved following biologic therapy for psoriasis. This rare presentation of genital psoriasis highlights important learning points for clinicians and dermatopathologists. First, genital psoriasis may affect the penile shaft without involvement of the glans penis. Second, non-cutaneous signs of psoriasis can inform diagnosis when clinical presentation is atypical. Third, psoriasis exhibits a broad spectrum of histopathology.
A Case of Unresectable Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Successfully Treated with Lenvatinib
Authors: Osuga Takahiro , Miyanishi Koji , Ito Ryo , Tanaka Shingo , Hamaguchi Kota , Ohnuma Hiroyuki , Murase Kazuyuki , Takada Kohichi , Nagayama Minoru , Kimura Yasutoshi , Sugawara Taro , Sugita Shintaro , Takemasa Ichiro , Hasegawa Tadashi , Kato Junji
Published: March 2022

A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a hepatic tumor. Blood biochemistry showed elevated serum alfa-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence-II, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 95-mm-sized tumor in liver S7. The tumor showed heterogeneous hyperintensity in the arterial phase, slightly washed out from the portal vein phase, and hypointensity in the hepatocellular phase. Post-enlargement segmental resection was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma. Seven months after surgery, multiple liver tumors were found, and biopsy revealed combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin was initiated. However, the patient developed a pulmonary abscess, which was treated with antibiotics. He then underwent treatment with lenvatinib, 11 months after surgery. At 8 weeks follow-up, a complete response (according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]) and a partial response (RECIST version 1.1) was noted. To the best of our knowledge, thus far, only a single case of lenvatinib treatment of unresectable mixed liver cancer has been reported. In that case, lenvatinib was used as a third-line treatment. The present report is the first to describe lenvatinib as a first-line therapy for unresectable combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, which resulted in a meaningful response. This case provides useful insights into the choice of appropriate drug treatment in this disease in the absence of randomized controlled trials of drug treatment.
Wearable Smartwatch Facilitated Remote Health Management for Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Fan Jiaqi , Guo Yuchao , Dai Hanyi , Xu Jianguo , Wang Lihan , Hu Po , Lin Xinping , Li Cheng , Zhou Dao , Li Huajun , Wang Jian’an
Published: March 2022

Background

In the recent decades, the development of novel digital health technologies enables doctors to monitor ECG and vital signs remotely. But the data on applying the noninvasive wearable smartwatch on patients with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are unknown.

Methods and Results

We performed a prospective, observational cohort study to evaluate the feasibility of a novel, virtual, and remote health care strategy for patients with TAVR discharged to home with smart wearable devices. A total of 100 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent elective transfemoral TAVR were enrolled and received the Huawei smartwatch at least 1 day before TAVR. Vital signs, including heart rate, rhythm, oxygen saturation, and activity, were continuously recorded. Single‐lead ECG was recorded twice per day in the week following TAVR discharge and at least 2 days a week for the subsequent month after TAVR discharge. A designated heart team member provided remote health care with the data from the smartwatch when the patient had a need. Thirty‐eight cardiac events were reported in 34 patients after discharge, with most of the events (76.0%) detected and confirmed by the smartwatch. Six patients were advised and readmitted to the hospital for arrhythmia events detected by the smartwatch, of whom 4 patients received pacemaker implantation. The remaining 28 (82.4%) patients received telemedicine monitoring instead of face‐to‐face clinical visits, and 3 of them received new medication treatment under the online guidance of doctors. New‐onset left branch bundle block was found in 48 patients, with transient characteristics, and recovered spontaneously in 30 patients, and new‐onset atrial fibrillation was detected in 4 patients. There were no significant differences in the average weekly heart rates or the ratio of abnormal or low oxygen saturation when compared with the baseline. The average daily steps increased over time significantly (baseline, 870±1353 steps; first week, 1986±2406 steps; second week, 2707±2716 steps; third week, 3059±3036 steps; fourth week, 3678±3485 steps,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Smartwatches can facilitate remote health care for patients discharged to home after undergoing TAVR and enable a novel remote follow‐up strategy. The majority of cardiac clinical events that occurred within 30‐day follow‐up were detected by the smartwatch, mainly because of the record of conduction abnormality.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04454177.
On Werner Schroeter
Authors: Mauss Nick
Published: March 2022

In this essay, artist Nick Mauss draws attention to the slippage between image and sound in Werner Schroeter's early films, proposing that the deliberate misalignment between song, speech, gesture, and affect opens a space of radical intimacies and unforeseen expressive potentialities that inflect Mauss' own work. Tracing Schroeter's influences through romantic and modernist literature, avant-garde film, philosophy, pop music, and, most importantly, through the advent of the lip sync as a performative resistance to interpellation, Mauss also addresses Schroeter's artistic debt to the filmmaker Edward Owens.
Notes on Glossadelphus M. Fleisch. (Hypnaceae, Bryophyta) in China
Authors: YI ZHAO-QIN , MU LI-QIANG , JIA YU
Published: March 2022

The genus Glossadelphus has been replaced by Phyllodon. However, Glossadelphus and Phyllodon are still used simultaneously in moss checklist of China. Total of 19 taxa of China published as members of the genus Glossadelphus are examined in this study. Our analyses show that only one species of Phyllodon (P. lingulatus) is recognized in China; twelve taxa of Glossadelphus in China are transferred to other genera (Bryocrumia, Ectropothecium, Entodon, Taxiphyllum); five taxa are excluded from the flora of China, and one species remains uncertain. Among them, two new combinations are proposed, Ectropothecium anomalum comb. nov. and E. falcatulum comb. nov. Myurella brevicosta is newly reduced to a synonym of Bryocrumia vivicolor. Glossadelphus isopterygioides is verified as a synonym of Entodon obtusatus. We newly designate lectotypes for G. anomalus and G. falcatulus. A list of 19 taxa of Glossadelphus of China is provided with their present status.
Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India
Authors: GOVIND MURUGAN GOVINDAKURUP , DAN MATHEW
Published: March 2022

Examination of plants from type locality and herbarium specimens revealed that the diagnostic characteristics are consistent among plants of Myristica beddomei subsp. beddomei and Myristica beddomei subsp. ustulata. Therefore, we propose synonymisation of M. beddomei subsp. ustulata with M. beddomei. However, M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa was distinct from nominate subspecies in many morphological, anatomical and chemical attributes, and we therefore propose its elevation to species status with a new name, M. pushpangadaniana.
On Moist Potential Temperatures and Their Ability to Characterize Differences in the Properties of Air Parcels
Authors: Marquet Pascal , Stevens Bjorn
Published: March 2022

A framework is introduced to compare moist “potential” temperatures. The equivalent potential temperatureθe, the liquid water potential temperatureθℓ, and the entropy potential temperatureθsare all shown to be potential temperatures, in the sense that they measure the temperatures of certain reference-state systems whose entropy is the same as that of the air parcel. They only differ in the choice of reference-state composition—θℓdescribes the temperature a condensate-free state,θea vapor-free state, andθsa water-free state—required to have the same entropy as the given state. Although in this senseθe,θℓ, andθsare all different flavors of the same thing, onlyθℓsatisfies the stricter definition of a “potential temperature,” as corresponding to a reference temperature accessible by an isentropic and closed transformation of a system in equilibrium; bothθeandθℓmeasure the “relative” enthalpy of an air parcel at their respective reference states, but onlyθsmeasures air-parcel entropy. None mix linearly, but all do so approximately, and all reduce to the dry potential temperatureθin the limit as the water mass fraction goes to zero. As is well known,θdoes mix linearly and inherits all the favorable (entropic, enthalpic, and potential temperature) properties of its various—but descriptively less rich—moist counterparts. All involve quite complex expressions, but admit relatively simple and useful approximations. Of the three moist “potential” temperatures,θsis the least familiar, but the most well mixed in the broader tropics, a property that merits further study as a possible basis for constraining mixing processes.
Close Linkage of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset and Extreme Rainfall in May over Southeast Asia: Role of the Synoptic-Scale Systems
Authors: Hu Peng , Chen Wen , Li Zhibo , Chen Shangfeng , Wang Lin , Liu Yuyun
Published: March 2022

Based on multiple datasets and methods, this study reveals a close relation between the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset and the occurrence frequency of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia (including the Indochina Peninsula, Hainan Island, and the Philippines) in May. Specifically, an early SCSSM onset tends to be accompanied by a higher chance of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia, while a late SCSSM onset is likely to coincide with less heavy rainfall in May. It is suggested that the amplitude of tropical synoptic-scale systems may play an important role in the linkage between the SCSSM onset and the extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia. Accompanying an early SCSSM onset, anomalous cyclonic circulation appears over the SCS and Philippine Sea, which tends to increase the quantity of midtroposphere moisture via moisture advection and Ekman pumping. Besides, the barotropic energy conversion (from mean kinetic to eddy kinetic energy) associated with this anomalous cyclone will facilitate the development of the synoptic-scale systems. The vertical easterly wind shear accompanying an early SCSSM onset will confine the synoptic-scale wave train to the lower troposphere, which is also favorable for its growth. Once these synoptic-scale systems develop, the baroclinic process (from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy) will further promote their development. As such, the intensity of synoptic-scale systems is much stronger in early than late SCSSM onset years. The increased moisture and vigorous synoptic-scale systems further lead to an increase in the occurrence of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia.
Between Geopolitics and Development: The Belt and Road Initiative and the Limits of Capital Accumulation in China
Authors: Demiryol Tolga
Published: March 2022

What drives China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)? While some claim that the BRI is primarily about economic development, others see it as a grand strategy of a rising power with hegemonic aspirations. Is the BRI about development or geopolitics? This article adopts a political economy approach to bridge the developmental and geopolitical perspectives on the BRI. The primary argument is that the BRI signifies an attempt by the Chinese state to manage internal problems of capital accumulation by externalising development. In this sense, this is a typical crisis of capitalist development which generates a drive for geographic expansion and restructuring. The distinguishing feature of the BRI, apart from its sheer scale, is its emphasis on connectivity. Rather than simply exporting excess capital and capacity onto others, the BRI seeks to re-territorialise developmental spaces by connecting them via economic corridors consisting of hard and soft infrastructure networks. It is also contended here that in the process of constructing new infrastructures of capital, the BRI creates space for new forms of asymmetric interdependence between China and its partners. To the extent that such asymmetric relations generate costs of exiting China-centred networks, the initiative serves a geopolitical as well as a developmental function. Asymmetric interdependencies, whether they are by design or by-products of enhanced connectivity, thus facilitate China’s pursuit for a more prominent role in the international order.
Measuring Export Related Port Logistics in India: An Attempt to Rank Major Ports
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dripto , Pohit Sanjib , Gupta Devendra B.
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this article is to showcase the major activities/processes each exporter/importer needs to go through in any land port, seaport or airport. The article looks into the processes, time taken during various processes, the perceptions of stakeholders about the extent of challenges they face during these processes and the logistics costs. Finally, the article provides a comparison across exporting ports in terms of their efficiency in clearing cargo. However, we have also attempted to measure of the efficiency of the port in terms of cargo offloading.

JEL Codes: P45, R41, R48, Q37
Human Robot Collaboration for Enhancing Work Activities
Authors: Liu Li , Schoen Andrew J. , Henrichs Curt , Li Jingshan , Mutlu Bilge , Zhang Yajun , Radwin Robert G.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Trade-offs between productivity, physical workload (PWL), and mental workload (MWL) were studied when integrating collaborative robots (cobots) into existing manual work by optimizing the allocation of tasks.

Background

As cobots become more widely introduced in the workplace and their capabilities greatly improved, there is a need to consider how they can best help their human partners.

Methods

A theoretical data-driven analysis was conducted using the O*NET Content Model to evaluate 16 selected jobs for associated work context, skills, and constraints. Associated work activities were ranked by potential for substitution by a cobot. PWL and MWL were estimated using variables from the O*Net database that represent variables for the Strain Index and NASA-TLX. An algorithm was developed to optimize work activity assignment to cobots and human workers according to their most suited abilities.

Results

Human workload for some jobs decreased while workload for some jobs increased after cobots were reassigned tasks, and residual human capacity was used to perform job activities designated the most important to increase productivity. The human workload for other jobs remained unchanged.

Conclusions

The changes in human workload from the introduction of cobots may not always be beneficial for the human worker unless trade-offs are considered. Application: The framework of this study may be applied to existing jobs to identify the relationship between productivity and worker tolerances that integrate cobots into specific tasks.
Sensitivity of the impact performance of nano reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations
Authors: Tofighi M Bagheri , Biglari H , Shokrieh MM
Published: March 2022

The low-velocity impact response of sandwich structures with aluminum face sheets and neat or nano-reinforced polypropylene core was studied. A strain-rate dependent micromechanics model (SRDM) was presented in the literature for predicting the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polymers. In the present study, the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polypropylene was simulated based on SRDM results. The finite element model was validated against the experimental results. It was shown that the results of the simulation performed by the SRDM model were in very good agreement with the experimental data. Then, the proposed finite element model was used for checking the sensitivity of the impact performance of nano-reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations. A special sandwich structure with a core of 1 mm thickness and a face thickness of 1 mm was considered as the base structure. Different material and geometrical variations including doubling the thickness of the core or face sheets, a different weight ratio of graphene, and increasing material parameters of the face sheets up to 90%, were undertaken on the base structure. The results of the present study imply that the optimal amount of graphene should not exceed 0.5 wt.% to improve impact properties. The impact response of nano-reinforced sandwich structures was more sensitive to the variations of the face thickness in comparison to the variations of the core thickness. Moreover, the impact outputs were more sensitive to changes in the yield stress of faces compared to changes in Young’s modulus of faces.
A Practice Perspective on Market Evolution: How Craft and Commercial Coffee Firms Expand Practices and Develop Markets
Authors: Dolbec Pierre-Yann , Arsel Zeynep , Aboelenien Aya
Published: March 2022

How markets evolve is a perennial and important question in business. Building on a large qualitative data set on the coffee market comprising primary and secondary interviews, archival data, and fieldwork, the authors introduce a novel theoretical mechanism—practice expansion—to explain how ongoing institutional complexity fosters market evolution. To theorize practice expansion, the authors combine institutional logics with resource partitioning and introduce a two-by-two typology of firms evolving in markets: craft versus commercial and generalist versus specialist. The authors’ analysis, grounded in this typology, identifies three mechanisms that explain practice expansion (elaboration, translation, and transformation). The authors then show how practice expansion contributes to market evolution by increasing product diversity, broadening skills and knowledge, and enriching the market meaning system. The novel theory introduced in this article contributes to extant work by theorizing market evolution as resulting from practice expansion and by broadening our understanding of the types of firms and their interactions important to that evolution. The novel theory also points to important strategy implications for how different types of firms can contribute to and benefit from the identified evolutionary patterns and ongoing institutional complexity.
The Effects of Consumer Preference and Peer Influence on Trial of an Experience Good
Authors: Pyo Tae-Hyung , Lee Jae Young , Park Hee Mok
Published: March 2022

This research examines the interaction effect of two dimensions of preference on social contagion: preference similarity between a consumer (i.e., who seeks recommendation) and a peer (i.e., who potentially provides recommendation) and the fit of an experience good with the consumer's preference. For empirical analyses, the authors collected rich information from Last.fm, a music social networking website, including individual users’ music play histories, friendship information, social tags (i.e., user-generated keywords associated with artists and songs), and new song profiles. The results show that consumers’ trial of a song that fits less with their preference is influenced more by peers with similar preferences. By contrast, consumers’ trial of a song that fits more with their preference is influenced more by peers with dissimilar preferences. This research enriches the understanding of the nuanced role of preference in social contagion and offers managerial implications to better leverage social dynamics.
Modeling of the cyclic visco-elasto-plastic one-dimensional behavior of polyamide-based woven straps
Authors: Blaise A , Bles G , Dib W , Shash M. , Tourabi A
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on modeling the mechanical behavior of threadlike woven materials or those shaped in uniaxial form, such as wires, ropes, woven lines, cables, straps, slings, etc. The proposed one-dimensional model is based on the superimposition of two stress contributions: a non-Newtonian visco-elastic stress and a time-independent stress. The time-independent stress represents a particular irreversible behavior, linked to the loading history. This model neglects the thickness of the time-independent hysteresis loops during the unloading–reloading processes while preserving the irreversible character of elasto-plastic-type behavior. The model's predictions are compared to a set of experimental results, carried out on polyamide 6-6 straps, available from previous experimental studies in the literature. The model describes the shape of the stress–strain hysteresis loops very well and predicts perfectly the direction of the strain and stress evolutions during the creep and relaxation periods, regardless of their position in the first load or in the load–unload branches.
Knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online based survey
Authors: Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Satyal Deepa , Pandit Roshan , Basnet Til Bahadur , Khattri Sandeep , Mishra Shyam Kumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Despite several attempts to control COVID-19, there was a continuous rise in the number of cases, and this has left questions unanswered on the availability of health resources in Nepal. Here, we tried to assess the level of knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in February 2021. A total of 301 completely filled responses were used to assess knowledge, practice and psychological distress. R-language software was used for data analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Of the total 301 respondents, 180 (59.8%) were male and 121 (40.2%) were female. The average score of knowledge obtained in this study was 32.4 ± 5.7 on a 56-point scale. Knowledge level was significantly different among age-groups (p-value – 0.034). The average practice score obtained was 2.25 ± 0.91 on a 4-point scale. More than one psychological distress symptom was observed in nearly half (41.5%) of the participants.

Conclusion

We conclude that medical laboratory staff in Nepal has satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice and, larger number of them has psychological distress. The study recommends further improvement in an effective information flow system, regular training, social security and psychological support.