bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relación entre el marketing de contenidos y el posicionamiento de la marca Carmesí en tiempos de COVID, Lima - 2022
Authors:   , Dávalos Huamán Jesús Jean Piere , Mccolm Oliva María Fernanda
Published: July 2023

El marketing de contenidos se ha convertido en una pieza clave que sirve como palanca para que los productos digitales tengan éxitos y es de gran ayuda para los negocios digitales porque les permite interactuar y acercarse a sus clientes creando una relación que va a llevar al posicionamiento de una marca dentro del mercado digital a pesar de que existan barreras sociales que impidan una cercanía como la Covid-19. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre el marketing de contenidos y el posicionamiento de la marca Carmesí en el año 2022. Esta investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental – transversal y de nivel correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por 80 personas que es el promedio mensual de clientes que realizan compras en Carmesí. Para la muestra se tomó un total de 50 clientes quienes hicieron compras durante los últimos meses. Los resultados indicaron que existe una relación directa y significativa de 0.864 entre las variables marketing de contenidos y el posicionamiento de la marca Carmesí en el año 2022. Basados en los resultados obtenidos se concluye que gracias al marketing de contenidos la marca Carmesí ha logrado posicionarse exitosamente en el mercado virtual a pesar de que sus actividades fueron afectadas durante la pandemia por la Covid-19; logrando acercarse a sus clientes mediante el contenido entretenido para poder convertirse en un emprendimiento virtual exitoso porque ha logrado captar alrededor de 11 mil seguidores en redes sociales.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS LIBERDADES DA LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E OS RISCOS À DEMOCRACIA NO CONTEXTO ELEITORAL
Authors: Cunha Silva Adilson
Published: July 2023

Tendo como ponto de partida algumas considerações pontuais de natureza conceitual-teórica sobre a liberdade, este ensaio apresenta breves reflexões, numa perspectiva fenomenológica, sobre a liberdade e sua natureza relacional, multidimensional e condicionada. Associadas aos aspectos gerais da liberdade são abordadas questões associadas à sua condição de categoria ôntico-sociopolítico-jurídica inserida na macroestrutura sistêmica social e suas relações com o sistema jurídico, tanto na sua dimensão genérica, como nas suas modalidades específicas, em especial a liberdade de expressão e os riscos que ela representa à democracia no contexto eleitoral, quando os mecanismos de controle à divulgação das informações dela decorrentes deixam de levar em consideração, para além do seu conteúdo, o meio utilizado.
Mediação e Didática: um estudo genealógico e cartográfico da produção acadêmica da Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas no Brasil
Authors: Sanceverino Adriana Regina
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo resulta de subprojeto de pesquisa financiada pela Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS)[1]. Objetiva compreender os principais fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que embasam os estudos sobre a Mediação e a Didática, os autores recorrentes e a trajetória de pesquisa deles e dos orientadores no campo da EJA. O subprojeto compõe uma investigação mais ampla, junto à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), que integra uma rede de pesquisadores de diversos estados do Brasil e do exterior. Metodologicamente, esta investigação tem abordagem quanti-qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, mediante análise de conteúdo de natureza inventariante e descritiva da produção acadêmica sobre a temática da Mediação e da Didática na EJA. Conta com os aportes teóricos de Romanowski e Ens (2006), Meksenas (2002), Severino (2006) entre outros. Como resultado, destaca-se que, embora esteja imanente a relação entre as mediações e a didática no contexto da prática pedagógica da EJA, ela não está dada no âmbito da produção acadêmica. Além disso, os estudos revelam uma lacuna na discussão teórico-metodológica em relação à mediação como categoria fundante da didática nessa modalidade de ensino, não só em relação ao termo/conceito, uma vez que também não é usada outra linguagem para tratar da especificidade das metodologias que possam dar conta da complexidade da EJA. Esse fato tem implicações importantes para a EJA, seja em relação às políticas de formação de professores para atuarem nessa modalidade de educação, seja em relação à inadequação de currículos, de metodologias, de materiais didáticos e das formas de avaliação adotadas.

[1] Parte desse estudo constituiu apresentação na XII JORNADA DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA – UFFS. V.1 n.12, 2022 ISSN 2526-205X5.

Disponível em: https://portaleventos.uffs.edu.br/index.php/JORNADA/article/view/16548
O patrimônio educativo em tela: incursões pelos Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de História da Educação (2011-2019)
Authors: Oliveira João Paulo Gama , Chaloba Rosa Fátima de Souza
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo analisa as comunicações que compõem os eixos específicos do Congresso Brasileiro de História da Educação (CBHE) sobre o “Patrimônio Educativo” e as temáticas ali apresentadas entre os anos de 2011 e 2019. Investigamos 135 trabalhos em cinco edições de um dos maiores eventos da área, com foco nas temáticas que são veiculadas nas comunicações, e os caminhos que a história da educação tem trilhado ao longo da segunda década do século XXI. As análises demonstram preponderância do trato com o patrimônio da escola, com uma incipiente discussão sobre os usos do patrimônio no ensino e mesmo no que se refere ao patrimônio de outras instituições, educativas ou não. Com relação aos acervos, há um predomínio do trabalho com os arquivos e centros de memória, com um espaço menor para o debate sobre os acervos de museus e bibliotecas escolares. O patrimônio educativo apresentado nos CBHEs é um meio de divulgar o que a comunidade de pesquisadores tem investigado, além de conhecer fragmentos do nosso passado educacional, para também tornar maior o conjunto de pessoas sensíveis e responsáveis pelo patrimônio que extrapola as práticas educativas e contribui para a construção da identidade coletiva, da cidadania.
PERANCANGAN IDENTITAS VISUAL PADA GRAFIS LINGKUNGAN KAMPUNG ARAB SURABAYA
Authors: Adinda Ela Reza , Romadhona Mahimma
Published: July 2023

Surabaya merupakan kota besar di Indonesia. Terdapat banyak tempat-tempat bersejarah yang kental dengan kearifan lokal masing-masing daerah yang bisa dijadikan tempat wisata. Contohnya wisata berbasis kampung. Banyak kampung di Surabaya yang punya daya tarik yang unik. Salah satunya adalah Kampung Arab. Kampung Arab berada di tempat yang strategis yaitu di Kawasan Wisata Sunan Ampel yang sudah terkenal menjadi destinasi wisata religi di Surabaya. Disebut Kampung Arab karena sekeliling kawasan tersebut terdapat kampung-kampung yang dihuni oleh etnis Arab. Daya tarik Kampung Arab adalah terdapat bangunan yang khas Timur Tengah dan pasar tradisional yang menjual berbagai macam pernak-pernik islami dan kuliner bernuansa Timur Tengah. Sayangnya Kampung Arab ini belum memiliki identitas visual yang bisa berguna untuk mengenali dan membedakan daerah tersebut dengan daerah lainnya. Maka dari itu perlu perancangan grafis lingkungan berupa landmark yang berupa tipografi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik Kampung Arab.
GERAK TARI JAUK MANIS DALAM FOTOGRAFI EKSPRESI DENGAN TEKNIK STROBO LIGHT
Authors: Balayasa I Wayan Open Yusa , Nindhia Cokorda Istri Puspawati , Candrayana Ida Bagus
Published: July 2023

Tari Jauk Manis adalah tarian yang melambangkan sosok seorang raja yang sedang berkelana dan memiliki gerakan yang unik, berwibawa dan lemah lembut. Awal tertariknya pencipta mengambil tema tarian Jauk Manis ini karena gerakannya yang unik dan menarik untuk direkam melalui media fotografi, Tujuan dari penciptaan ini adalah untuk memvisualkan gerakan  Tari Jauk Manis ke dalam fotografi ekspresi dengan teknik Strobo Light menjadi sebuah karya yang unik dan menarik serta untuk mengetahui berbagai  macam gerakan yang ada di tarian Jauk Manis. Tari Jauk Manis memiliki kostum seperti tari Baris, hanya saja tari Jauk Manis menggunakan topeng yang berwarna putih, gelungan (mahkota raja), dan sarung tangan dengan kuku yang panjang. Secara lengkap busana yang digunakan dalam pementasan tari Jauk Manis yakni celana panjang berwarna putih, stewel, kamben putih, baju, srimping, keris, awiran, lamak, badong, gelungan, dan topeng berwarna putih. Pencipta melalukan metode observasi serta melakukan wawancara mengenai gerak Tari Jauk Manis, kemudian dilanjutkan proses pemotretan ke lokasi. Dengan Teknik Strobo Light yang digunakan dalam pemotretan Tari Jauk Manis, Dari hasil pemotretan dilakukan tahap pemilihan foto serta dilanjutkan ke tahap selanjutnya sampai akhir ke proses penciptaan yaitu pameran dan persentasi.Untuk memvisualkan Gerak Tari Jauk Manis dalam fotografi ekspresi dengan teknik Strobo Light yang sangat unik dan menarik pencipta harus melakukan observasi pengamatan secara langsung agar mengetahui gerakan apa saja yang biasa dipakai dalam penggunaan Teknik Strobo Light. Gerakan yang ada pada tarian Jauk Manis ini yaitu 22 gerakan yang dipilih pencipta 15 bagian gerakan yang dijadikan foto dengan Teknik Strobo Light.

Kata kunci : Gerak Tari Jauk Manis, Fotografi Ekspresi, Strobo Light
PERANCANGAN KRODHA GRAHA : PUSAT ANGER MANAGEMENT THERAPY DI UBUD DENGAN PENDEKATAN HEALING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Maheswara I Gusti Agung Ananta , Padmanaba Cok Gede Rai , Noorwatha I Kadek Dwi
Published: July 2023

Masyarakat Indonesia belum mengadopsi pentingnya memelihara kesehatan mental layaknya mengobati atau merawat gangguan penyakit yang mengganggu kesehatan fisik. Intermittent Explosive Disorder atau IED merupakan gangguan kepribadian seseorang dalam ketidakmampuannya mengendalikan amarah yang berlebihan. Perancangan Krodha Graha sebagai pusat anger management therapy akan memfasilitasi masyarakat, khususnya penderita Intermittent Explosive Disorder, merupakan bangunan dengan konsep healing environment yang menjadi pusat terapi bagi masyarakat. Konsep healing environment pada interior melalui aplikasi warna, tekstur, material dan elemen ruang untuk menciptakan suasana tenang, santai dan nyaman pada ruangan. Sehingga memberikan proses penyembuhan mulai dari pikiran, tubuh, dan jiwa. Kengetan Ubud, Kabupaten Gianyar menjadi lokasi strategis untuk Krodha Graha, karena pada area sekitar site memiliki potensi alam yang dapat mendukung segala kegiatan anger management therapy. Istilah “Journey Into Peace Of Mind” menjadi inspirasi desain yang merujuk pada konsep Zanta Rasayana, merupakan gabungan bahasa Sanskerta yang berarti pergerakan rasa menuju ketenangan. Metode desain mengacu pada metodologi desain sebagai formulasi “thinking before drawing”, sebagai pemecahan masalah dalam visual desain dan hasil gambar kerja. Implementasi desain berfokus pada gubahan ruang sesuai kebutuhan aktivitas dan civitas baik fisik maupun psikis. Desain interior Krodha Graha diharapkan mampu memfasilitasi serta membantu proses penyembuhan pasien sehingga dapat menuju ketenangan pikiran (peace of mind), pemilihan material serta adanya sistem pengelolaan limbah yang dirancang bertujuan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif akibat pembangunan pada alam sekitar.
ESENSI KONSEP ZEN PADA DESAIN INTERIOR MASSAJI SPA, CANGGU, BALI
Authors: Prabaswari Ida Ayu Chandra , Ika I Wayan Balika , Padmanaba Cok Gede Rai
Published: July 2023

Di suatu bangunan, dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat berlindung serta memenuhi kebutuhan hidup huniannya. Sehingga, tangan desainer sangat dibutuhkan untuk merancang ruangan yang bisa berfungsi dengan maksimal tetapi tetap memberikan kesan yang menarik. Pada perkembangan era ini, para desainer sangat dibutuhkan di berbagai bidang. Salah satunya yaitu spa yang bergerak di bidang kecantikan dan perawatan tubuh. Massaji spa merupakan Massage & Reflexology Spa dan telah beroperasi sejak tahun 2010. Perancangan proyek ruangan spa ini berlokasi di jalan Canggu, Kec. Kerobokan, Bali. Proyek spa ini terdiri dari beberapa ruang dan mahasiswa menjadi bagian dalam perancangan area lobi, ruang massas & area foot spa. Metode yang digunakan dalam proyek ini berupa metode pelahksanaan Project based learning yang dilaksanakan dengan cara langsung terjun ke lapangan dan mengerjakan proyek-proyek yang sedang dikerjakan oleh mitra. Metode pelaksanaan disesuaikan dengan proses dan tahapan magang/praktik kerja di lapangan. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan menggali data, analisis data dan hasil analisis data. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi serta studi literatur dan parameter. Pada proses perancangan ini, klien memiliki keinginan desain dengan gaya desain Zen. Zen merupakan kata dimana memiliki makna keseimbangan serta keselarasan antara kehidupan dengan alam. Zen pun banyak diterapkan pada desain interior, dimana gaya ini terinspirasi dari interior jepang yang minimalis dan kuno. Adapun tahap perancangan dimulai dengan survei site, proses desain hingga perwujudan desain.
PERSEPSI PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP 9 ELEMEN INTERIOR KAFE BERGAYA VINTAGE DI SURABAYA (STUDI KASUS: GRANDFATHER COFFEESHOP)
Authors: Elisabet Elisabet , Indrani Hedy Constancia
Published: July 2023

Kafe merupakan tempat yang banyak dikunjungi oleh generasi milenial. Kafe banyak dikunjungi dengan berbagai tujuan, yaitu untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas seperti berinteraksi, bekerja, makan dan minum, serta banyak hal lain. Kafe sendiri dapat dinilai melalui konsep yang digunakan dalam desain interior kafe tersebut. Tidak semua kafe memiliki interior dengan konsep yang menarik. Desain interior sendiri memiliki banyak konsep interior yang dapat dilihat dari elemen interior dalam tempat tersebut. Banyak konsep desain yang diminati oleh generasi milenial, salah satunya desain interior bergaya vintage. Konsep desain bergaya vintage merupakan gaya yang juga mulai banyak digunakan pada area publik, seperti kafe. Vintage sendiri merupakan desain yang memiliki karakteristik yang khas, mengacu pada suatu hal yang jadul atau kuno dan berada di era sekitar 100 tahun lalu dari masa sekarang. Penelitian persepsi pengunjung terhadap 9 elemen interior kafe bergaya vintage ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan 9 elemen interior yaitu environment; space; enclosure; ground plane; light; decoration; support; display, storage and worksurfaces; dan information terhadap kafe. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif serta pengumpulan data dengan observasi di lapangan, wawancara dengan pemilik kafe maupun pengunjung dan kuisioner yang akan disebar kepada pengunjung kafe generasi milenial. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini akan mencakup persepsi pengunjung mengenai bagaimana suasana lingkungan kafe, mulai dari interior, pencahayaan, perabot, media penyimpanan maupun informasi yang digunakan oleh kafe apakah sudah mengekspresikan konsep interior bergaya vintage atau belum.
PERANCANGAN INTERIOR FASILITAS GEDUNG OLAHRAGA “ARENA” DI DENPASAR
Authors: Mulia Raichia Sukhaya , Indrani Hedy C.
Published: July 2023

Olahraga merupakan aktivitas yang sangat penting untuk mempertahankan kebugaran tubuh terutama pada masa pandemi ini. Selain untuk menjaga kebugaran tubuh, olahraga juga merupakan salah satu metode yang cukup efektif untuk mereduksi stress karena ketika berolahraga, ada perilaku aktif yang menggiatkan metabolisme dan mempengaruhi fungsi kelenjar di dalam tubuh untuk memproduksi sistem kekebalan tubuh yang juga berfungsi untuk menjaga kesehatan mental. Dari berbagai jenis olahraga yang ada, salah satu jenis olahraga yang cukup banyak diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah cabang olahraga Badminton yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan olahraga Bulu Tangkis. Di Pulau Bali, khususnya di kota Denpasar, sudah terdapat banyak gedung pelatihan badminton yang menunjukkan tingginya minat masyarakat dalam olahraga bulutangkis ini, baik sebagai aktivitas pengisi waktu luang maupun sebagai ajang mencari prestasi. Namun demikian, sarana & fasilitas yang tersedia selama ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan khususnya dalam penataan sistem pencahayaan ruang yang sangat krusial dalam permainan badminton. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemain badminton di daerah Denpasar, akan dirancang sebuah gedung badminton yang nantinya tidak hanya diperuntukkan sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan kegiatan pelatihan & pertandingan badminton, tetapi juga memiliki ruang-ruang serbaguna yang dapat digunakan sebagai ruang senam, olahraga beladiri, maupun jenis olahraga indoor lainnya. Perancangan gedung ini akan memberikan perhatian lebih dalam peningkatan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana gedung badminton khususnya di daerah Denpasar dengan optimalisasi penerapan sistem pencahayaan ruangan dengan berpegang pada prinsip design thinking. Dengan adanya perancangan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran baru mengenai gedung badminton serta meningkatkan kualitas sarana dan prasarana gedung badminton di daerah Denpasar maupun daerah-daerah lain di Indonesia.
Emergency Thoracic Surgery in Chest Trauma at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana: The Role of Sternotomy and Thoracotomy
Authors: Okyere I. , Singh S. , Ameyaw E. , Okyere P. , Yeboah F.A. , Brenu S.G. , Tamatey M.
Published: July 2023

Objective: Chest trauma, as blunt or penetrating injury, account for significant amount of all traumatic injuries. They are associated with high mortality of about 75% of all trauma-related deaths, either from direct or indirect consequence of the injury. Nearly 80-85 % of chest trauma is managed conservatively with only about 10-15 % needing emergency surgery.Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with chest trauma and undergoing emergency thoracic surgery at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from January 2015 to June 2020 was carried out.Results: There were 29 patients, with 82.8% (24) being males. The mean age was 33.8 ± 15.0 years with range of 5-65 years. The leading mechanism of chest trauma was penetrating chest injury, which accounted for 51.7% (15). Eighteen (86%) patients underwent exploratory thoracotomy with 5 (10%) having exploratory sternotomy and the remaining 4% undergoing other procedures. Fourteen (82.1%) patients out of the eighteen who underwent the thoracotomy had a left thoracotomy with four (24.1%) patients having right thoracotomy. The major indication for surgery in acute thoracic trauma was traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (62.1%) followed byimpalement injury (17.2%), traumatic thoracotomy (6.9%), cardiac tamponade (6.9%), massive haemothorax (3.5%), and vascular injury (3.5%). There were no mortality over the 5-year period.Conclusion: The leading indication for emergency thoracic surgery in chest trauma was traumatic diaphragmatic rupture caused mostly by penetrating thoracic injury. Thoracotomy was the major emergency thoracic surgical approach performed.
The Economic Burden Of Households With Children Less Than Five Years Presenting With Pneumonia At Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Francis Adjei Osei Francis Adjei Osei , Ansong Daniel Ansong , Mensah Kofi Akohene Mensah , Amuzu Evans Xorse Amuzu , Owusu Kwame Alfred Owusu , Sarpong Phans Oduro Sarpong , Osei-Peprah Ida Osei-Peprah , Kobina Timothy Ofori Kobina , Bonney Joseph Bonney , Enimil Anthony Enimil , Dankwah Bright Atta Dankwah , Agyei-Baffour Peter Agyei-Baffour
Published: July 2023

Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospital admission among children less than five years in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also associated with considerable economic cost to the households affected. This study sought to quantitatively measure the economic burden of households with children less than 5 years admitted at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) on account of pneumonia.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving children less than 5 years admitted to the KATH for pneumonia. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select 157 eligible participants from the Paediatric Ward of KATH from June to August 2016. A structured questionnaire and data abstraction form was used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. We applied point (median) and interval estimation (interquartile range) on the various cost components (Pre-admission cost, direct cost and indirect costs). Estimates of the disability adjusted life years (DALY) was done using the prevalence-based approach.

Results: The median preadmission cost was estimated at GH₵ 70 [US$ 18] ranging from GH₵ 5(US$ 1) to GH₵ 600 (US$ 154). Households spends an average of GH₵ 600 (US$ 154) (IQR: GH₵ 387.68 [US$ 99], GH₵ 778 [US$ 199] in treating an episode of childhood pneumonia in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. The median direct non-medical cost was GH₵ 60 (US$ 15). The median indirect cost was GH₵ 165 (US$ 42). The median DALY recorded was 1,253.476 YLL.

Conclusion: Pneumonia poses economic burden on households whose children are affected considering their low socio-economic status.
The Value of Food: A Necessary Rhetoric
Authors: Ekem Ivy
Published: July 2023

Food is a basic necessity of life. It provides nutrients, which in turn provide energy, required not only for daily activity through various physiological functions, but for growth, repair and immunity. It follows logically that with optimal nutrition, health is granted and ill-health distanced. This, however, is not the premise from which the general populace, the medical and pharmaceutical establishments, and governments discuss health. The populace eats to taste and satisfaction; the healthcare apparatus exists to attend to the sick; and the health budget is on hospitals, equipment, drugs and emoluments of the health work force. The attention given to the content of food by the community, the space occupied by food and nutrition in medical school curricula, and policies on food and nutrition by governments are testaments to this. In this write-up, the value of food is illustrated with a clinical case, and recommendation to raise the attention paid to food and nutrition from the current level is made.
A Comparison of Two Dosing Regimens of Misoprostol in Labour Induction: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Amo-Antwi Kwabena , Dassah ET , Konney TO , Opoku BK , Ankobea F , Lawrence E , Agambire R , Appiah-Kubi A , Tawiah A
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of 50μg of sublingual misoprostol administered six (6) hourly to that of 50μg of vaginal misoprostol administered four (4) hourly.
Methodology: A non-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted from Sept 1, 2014, to Nov 31, 2014, at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Hundred and sixty women with medical or obstetric indications for labour induction were randomized into two groups.
Results: The rate of vaginal delivery, caesarean section, uterine tachysystole and uterine hyperstimulation were similar in both groups. Sixty-three (78.8%) and 66 (82.5%) mothers in the vaginal and sublingual groups delivered vaginally. More (10.0%) mothers in the vagina group required emergency caesarean for foetal distress. Six (vaginal group) and 8 (sublingual group) of the mothers required emergency caesarean for cephalopelvic disproportion. Three mothers from each group had an emergency caesarean section due to failed labour induction. Almost the same number of mothers had uterine tachysystole in both groups. More (3.8%) mothers in the vaginal group had uterine hyperstimulation. Differences in the mean induction delivery interval and the need for oxytocin augmentation were not significant. No differences were found in the intrapartum passage of meconium, blood loss in the third stage of labour, 5-minute Apgar score <7, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions.
Conclusion: The sublingual regimen was as effective and safe as the vaginal regimen in achieving vaginal delivery.
Private Thoughts: There is No Evidence that I was Born on a Saturday
Authors: Konotey-Ahulu F.I.D.
Published: July 2023

The confident way “There is no evidence” is used in scientific and political circles to silence debate in matters big and small has been a source of constant amazement to me for decades. The first time I heard the phrase was when I was undergraduate at WestminsterHospital School of Medicine in the mid 1950‟s. I was impressed by the epidemiological articles of Professor Richard Doll linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer. Later, my admiration knew no bounds when article after article continued to pour out of OxfordUniversity from the pen of Sir Richard Doll, Professor Martin Vessey, and others claiming not only that smoking predisposed to cancer, but also that stopping smoking reduced the chances of cancer. However, debate in the media always managed to find one expert orother who claimed “there is no evidence that smoking causes cancer”. So loudly, vehemently, and persistently was “there is no evidence” trumpeted that I (and most listeners) began subliminally to interpret “there is no evidence ...” as “there is evidence that smoking does not cause cancer”. Heavy smokers preferred that interpretation too. Next, the phrase assumed a quasischolarly connotation, so much so that speakers at any scientific conference that sprinkled their presentations with a few “there is no evidence” statements were considered quite brilliant. They really had done fantastic research to arrive at that conclusion.
Blood Conservation in Anaesthesia and Surgery - A Review
Authors: Aniteye E. , Baddoo H. , Phillips B. , Tettey M.
Published: July 2023

Dangers to blood transfusion exist even when stringent methods are used to screen blood before transfusion. These dangers include blood transfusion reactions and the transmission of bacteria, viruses and protozoa to patients. Blood conservation adopts strategies that restrict the transfusion of homologous blood to patients. Conservation starts in the preoperative period and includes the diagnosis and management of anaemia. Augmentation of the preoperative haemoglobin can be achieved by using a combination of iron preparations, vitamins, protein supplementation, erythropoietin and treatment for malaria in suspected patients. Maintenance of the intravascular volume during surgery can be achieved using colloids and crystalloids. Blood conservation techniques, including induced hypotension, use of anti-fibrinolytics and acceptable forms of autologous blood transfusion reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Blood conservation methods are also important in critically ill patients and includes, accepting lower haemoglobin levels, restricting the amount of blood taken during phlebotomy and the use of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor agonists.
Sharps Injuries Among Healthcare Providers in Uyo, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Johnson O.E. , Asuzu M.C.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Healthcare workers are at risk of exposures to blood and body fluids through splashes and sharps injuries while working in health facilities. This study was conducted to assess the level of sharps injuries and contact with patients’ body fluid among health workers in Uyo, Nigeria.Method: This was a comparative study among healthcare workers. A total of 360 individuals comprising 240 (66.7%) in public facilities and 120 (33.3%) in private facilities were interviewed via a selfadministered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.Result: A higher proportion of respondents, 98 (81.7%), from the private compared to 133 (55.4%) from the public hospitals had sustained injury by sharps at their health facilities (p < 0.05).Out of this, up to 91.8% in the private facilities compared to 70.6% in the public had sustained injuries within the 12 months prior to the study (p < 0.05). Ninety two (93.9%) in the private facilities,and 99 (74.4%) in the public facilities, (p < 0.05) did not report the last sharps injuries to relevant authorities in their facilities. A higher proportion of the respondents in the private hospitals, 92 (76.6%), had ever had accidental splash of blood or other body fluidscompared to 126 (52.5%) in the public hospitals (p < 0.05). Only 113 (53.3%), in the public and 28 (40.6%) in the private facilities, were aware of policies about practice of Universal Precautions in their facilities.Conclusion: There was a high rate of sharps injuries among health workers. Adequate practice of universal precautions should be ensured in these facilities.
Dissemination of Research Results in Africa
Authors: Konotey-Ahulu F.I.D.
Published: July 2023

What a difference the past few decades have made in scientific and medical journalism! Africa needs to keep abreast of the remarkably exponential strides that have been taken by Information Technology. Indeed, the benefits that we see emerging world-wide arebound to be enjoyed more by African and Third World scientists than even in Europe and in the USA. I shall explain.
First Civilian Hospital in Accra-1878
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

From the Past
Dr. John Farrel Easmon
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

From the Past
Medical Laboratory Practice in Ghana
Authors: Bruce-Tagoe A.A.
Published: July 2023

Editorial
Management of Hand Injuries: a Six-year Experience from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Adu E.J.K.
Published: July 2023

Background: Hand injuries can ruin patients’ ability to work with their hands. This could lead to depression and social isolation. It is imperative that hand injuries be reconstructed to as near normal as possible.Patients and Method: A prospective study was undertaken from January 2005 to December 2010 at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana to document the pattern of hand injuries, and the outcome of management. The patients were evaluated clinically. Wound debridement was done; the defects were repaired using reconstructive techniques matched to the type of injury.Result: Ninety-five patients (71 males) were treated. Male: female ratio was about 3:1. Their ages ranged from 2 to 60 years with mean (± SD) of 29.5 (± 12.9). Of the 102 hands injured, 52 were right. The right was the dominant hand in 65%. Both dominant and nondominant hands were injured equally. 5% of the injuries were isolated; 95% were combined. The distribution of mechanisms of injuries was as follows: avulsion, sustained through road traffic accidents (37%), crush injuries (25. 3%), sharp injuries (including spaghetti wrists) (19%) machine mangling (11%), burns (8.4%), blunt injuries (15%), human bites (2.1%), snake bite (1.1%), gunshot (4.2%), and injection injuries (2.1%). Patients’ occupations were: farmers 23%, mechanics (20%), traders (11%), factory workers (5%), followed by 2% each of teachers, electricians and civil servants, and 1% each of drivers and pastors; 5% were unemployed. Ofthe remainder, 16 % were children and 11% students. Surgical procedures performed were groin flap (30%), exploration and repair (24%), skin grafting (21%), debridement alone (13%) cross finger flap (7%). decompression of carpal tunnel,(3%) and terminalisation(2%)Conclusion: Severe hand injuries requiring reconstructive surgery were sustained through road traffic accidents Farmers, traders, mechanics and children are at risk of severe combined hand injuries.
Gossypiboma: a Preventable Continuing Surgical Error
Authors: Dakubo J.C.B. , Naaeder S.B.
Published: July 2023

Background: Inadvertent retention of gauze and sponge material after surgery is a preventable error that still persists despite laid down protocols for best practice in the theatre suite to eliminate gossypiboma.Aim: To present twelve cases of gossypiboma managed at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) to emphasise the frequency at which gossypiboma is occurring in Accra, highlight the risk factors that contributed to the development of gossypiboma and then stress the importance of strict adherence to theatre protocol to help prevent its occurrence.Methods: A register to record and follow-up cases of gossypibomas that reported to KBTH was maintained by the authors and these cases were followed throughout their admission and treatment. The surgeons, the theatre nursing staff who treated these patients and the patients themselves were interviewed by the authors. The Patients’ case notes, the theatre and autopsy registers were also consulted for information.Results: There were nine females and three males aged between 26 and 75 years. Seven of the index operations were performed at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, two each at Municipal and private hospitals and one in a para-statal hospital. Ten followed intra-abdominal operations, six of which were pelvic procedures; four being gynaecological. The contributing factors to the gossypiboma were lack of instrument count (all cases), operating in deep surgical fields (seven cases), operating without the full complement of operating staff (seven cases), extensive surgery (seven cases), excessive bleeding (six cases), emergency procedures done at night, change in part of the operating team without proper handing over and unexpected change in the surgical procedure.Conclusion: Gossypiboma is not an uncommon condition in the developing world but possibly underreported. The presence of risk factors for its occurrence should prompt the surgeon to take extra precautions in high risk patients and to always insist on strict adherence to operating room protocols especially when the operation is in a body cavity.
Breast Cancer in a Nigerian Cohort: Histopathology, Immunohistochemical Profile and Survival
Authors: Titiloye N.A. , Omoniyi-Esan G.O. , Adisa A.O. , Komolafe A.O. , Afolabi O.T. , Adelusola K.A.
Published: July 2023

Aims: The aim was to describe the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of breast cancer in a Nigerian cohort and correlate the findings with the clinical outcome of management.Methods and results: The histology of 89 breast cancers was reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estrogen receptor (ER) and Her2/neu was done on 73 cases and progesterone receptor (PR) on 67cases. Age ranged from 22-82 years (mean = 48±12.3).Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NOS) was the commonest histological variant. Sixty two cases (69.7%) were grade III tumours. IHC was negative for ER in 62%, PR 79%. Her2/neu over-expression was seen in only 4%. About 53% (31/58) of the tumourswere negative for all the three markers. At presentation, 68.2% of the patients had stage III and stage IV disease. After 5 years of follow up, 20% of the ER/PR positive patients were dead, 10% had local recurrences and 70% were lost to follow-up. Among the triple negativepatients, 50% were alive and well with no recurrence, 20% were dead and 30% were lost to follow-up. All the patients with Her2 positive tumours were dead within 1-2 years.Conclusion: Our data suggest that breast cancer in Nigeria occurs at younger age, is of high histological grade and is more likely to be triple negative. Clinical outcome tends to be good among the triple negative patients with early stage disease.
Growing Old in Ghana: Health and Economic Implications
Authors: Kwankye S.O.
Published: July 2023

The topic: “Growing Old in Ghana: Health and Economic Implications” is very relevant and timely in our present circumstances as ageing populations are becoming a common feature of many countries all over the world, both developed and developing, includingGhana. This growing phenomenon which is projected to occur rapidly in developing countries1 is, however, not without challenges. Yet, ageing is not very visible in many policy dialogues and budgetary allocations especially in developing countries. Therefore, a discussion on the implications of the Ghanaian population that is steadily growing old is an opportunity to draw the attentionof policy and decision-makers to the need to put in place the necessary interventions to cater for the needs of the elderly or older persons in our society while inviting each person to consider issues regarding ageing in order to plan towards it at the individual level.
Evaluating Exit Professional Competencies in Residency Programmes: Issues for Debate
Authors: Ofori-Adjei D. , Wosornu L.
Published: July 2023

Quality Management in Higher Education deploys a range of tools with which to check if standards are being met. The authors considered that the evaluation of tools used to assess Residents’ exit professional competencies might be of general interest to the College. They insisted that this review exercise must be data-driven. They were aware that the exercise would demand its pound of flesh: detailed examination of evidence.
History of Anaesthesia in Ghana - (1): Human Resource Development in Anaesthesia
Authors: Amponsah G.
Published: July 2023

The history of medicine in Ghana has been documented but there has not been any documentation of the history of anaesthesia in the country. Anaesthesia in Ghana has seen a number of changes in the last fifty to sixty years. These changes have been seen in the areas of anaesthetic drugs, anaesthetic techniques, the training of anaesthetic manpower and introduction of intensive care facilities.There has been the introduction of new and modern anaesthetic machines and monitors which were completely absent some decades ago. This article seeks to highlight some of the major changes that have taken place in the specialty. The challenges facing the specialty in terms of the supply of consumables, the lack of maintenance of equipment and the low numbers of enrolment into the specialty by physicians are discussed. International collaborations, the setting up of new specialised units like the National Cardio-thoracic Centre are also mentioned in this article.
Dental Health in Ghana
Authors: Editor-In-Chief
Published: July 2023

Editorial
Analysis of Staff Medical Bills Submitted Through a Medical School Clinic in Ghana
Authors: Yawson A.E. , Malm K.L. , Essuman A. , Lawson A.J. , Biritwum R.B. , Tsegah E.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The Medical School Clinic (MSC) provides free healthcare for staff of University of Ghana Medical School (UGMS) and other schools of the College of Health Sciences. This study determined annual cost of medical bills and which category of staff are thebeneficiaries of these claims through the MSC. Methods: This was a retrospective review of records, from January 2007 to December 2010 of staff medical bills and bills of dependants claimed through the MSC which is part of the UGMS in Korle-Bu.Results: From 2007 to 2010, medical bills of staff and their dependants claimed through the MSC doubled from GH₵ 52497(US$ 47724.16) to GH₵ 118666(US$ 84761.36). Junior staff made the most claims (45.9%) while senior members and retired staff had higher annual medical bill per person. Claims by staff of UGMS administration alone constituted 28% of all claims from the UGMS. MSC had 51.7% of all claims by staff made directly at the MSC and 40% were from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital which provided specialistcare including physician specialist, obstetrics &gynaecological, paediatric, eye, Ear Nose and Throat, diabetes, genitourinary and orthopaedic care for staff.Conclusion: Medical bills of staff and dependants claimed through the MSC have escalated over the four year period. It will be efficient to provide certain basic chronic care services for the older adult staff (who from this analysis have higher annual medical bill perperson) at the current operating hours of the MSC and enrol the majority of staff unto a prepayment health scheme
The Use of Misoprostol for the Induction of Labour in a Private General Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Lawson A.J.O. , Calys-Tagoe B.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Misoprostol has been successfully used for the induction of labour especially in patients with an unripe cervix. Few studies done in Africa to document its use have been done in teaching hospitals in Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. This study wastherefore undertaken to assess the use of Misoprostol in a typical private primary care hospital setting in Ghana.Methods: Delivery records of one hundred and thirty three (133) consecutive women admitted to the Maternity unit for induction of labour for medical or obstetric reasons, who successfully delivered vaginally, were reviewed and data extracted from patient records for univariate analysis.Results: The mean maternal age was 29.18 years (SD: 4.83) with 46.6% of them being nullipara. Gestational age at induction was between 38 to 41 weeks. The insertion of Misoprostol-to-delivery time lasted for a mean of 13.80 (SD 7.85) hours with a range of 1.67 to40.75. 50.4% delivered with perineal injury and a majority of these (65.67%) occurred in the nulliparous patients. The mean Apgar score at 1 minute was 7.02 [SD 2.52] whilst that for 5 minutes was 8.31[SD 2.79]. The difference was however statistically significant (p < 0.000).Conclusion: Due to the high incidence of perineal injury in nulliparous patients in this study (65.67%), there should be an evaluation of the delivery techniques of the midwives in the hospital especially on using timely episiotomies to reduce these injuries. Misoprostol induction is however recommended for use in primary care.
Visual Impairment and Types of Visual Disorders Among Attendees of an Outreach 21 Clinic for Eye Care in Rural Ghana, 2006
Authors: Amponsa-Achiano K. , Lartey S.Y. , Nti-Boateng C. , Tetteh C.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The international community for eye care has targeted 2020 for eliminating avoidable blindness as a public health problem in the VISION 2020 agenda. However, eye care services in sub-Saharan Africa remain poor. The burden of eye diseases is unknown countrywide and in many rural districts in Ghana.Setting: We present data on patients examined at an outreach clinic for eye disorders in Ejura-Sekyedumase, a rural district in Ghana, in December 2006.Objective: To determine the prevalence of vision impairment among eye clinic attendees. Our aim was to give a profile of eye diseases in the district as baseline data to health authorities for action.Methods: In January 2012, we studied the characteristics of 780 patients examined at an outreach clinic organised in December 2006, in Ejura-Sekyedumasi District, Ghana. We performed descriptive analysis of data from records and reviewed clinic reports.Results: Of 780 patients examined, 704 (90.3%) had a disorder in one or both eyes: 16.2% of all eyes examined were vision impaired while 14.5% of all patients had bilateral vision impairment including blindness. The topmost five eye diseases were allergy, cataract,glaucoma, pterygium and uncorrected refractive errors. Together, these constituted over 84% of all reported eye disorders.Conclusion: There was high prevalence of vision impairment among patients: more than three-quarters of reported visual disorders comprised five conditions namely cataract, glaucoma and uncorrected refractive errors which cause avoidable blindness; and allergy,and pterygium. Health authorities should assess the district prevalence of vision impairment and blindness, and ascertain burden of eye diseases. A sustainable VISION 2020 prevention of blindness programme should be adopted.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Time for Action?
Authors: Archampong E.Q. , Nkrumah K.N. , Darko R. , Archampong T.N.A.
Published: July 2023

Review Article
Human Pentastomiasis in Upper East Region of Ghana: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Dakubo J.C.B. , Etwire V.K.
Published: July 2023

Objective: The prevalence of human pentastomiasis in the North-Eastern and Upper East Region of Ghana is probably high since numerous incidental cases have been reported from there. This paper reports two new cases of human pentastomiasis diagnosed incidentally at a District Hospital in the Upper East Region of Ghana, discusses the diseases that the infestation cause and stresses the public health issues this infestation brings up.Case Reports: The parasites were diagnosed incidentally in two males presenting for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy. Two encysted larvae were in the hernia sacs of two normal males, who were operated upon at the Sandema District Hospital in February 2009during one of the annual charity surgical outreach services in that hospital. The worms were dissected out and identified morphologically as Armillifer armillatus, based on prior knowledge from our previous experience in diagnosing a case in our institution both from histopathological examination and confirmation by a medical parasitologist.Conclusion: This curious but important zoonotic parasitic infestation should be of public health concern since the Armillifer armillatus which infests man in West Africa also infests dogs, one of man’s closest pets.
History of Anaesthesia in Ghana (2): Development of Equipment, Consumables and Anaesthetic Drugs
Authors: Amponsah G.
Published: July 2023

This is the second instalment in the series on HISTORY OF ANAESTHESIA IN GHANA. The history of medicine in Ghana has been documented but there has not been any documentation of the history of anaesthesia in the country. Anaesthesia in Ghana hasseen a number of changes in the last fifty to sixty years. These changes have been seen especially in the areas of anaesthetic drugs, anaesthetic techniques, the training of anaesthetic manpower and introduction of intensive care facilities. There has been an introduction of new and modern anaesthetic machines and monitors which were completely absent some decades ago. This articleseeks to highlight some of the major changes that have taken place in the specialty. The challenges facing the specialty in terms of the supply of consumables, the lack of maintenance of equipment and the low numbers of enrolment into the specialty by physicians arediscussed. The role of international collaborations and the setting up of new specialised units like the National Cardio-thoracic Centre are also mentioned in this article.
Adolescent Female Genital Tract Congenital Anomalies in Northern Ghana
Authors: Gumanga S.K. , Kyei-Aboagye K. , Seffah J.D.
Published: July 2023

Objective: To ascertain the types of adolescent female genital tract congenital anomalies and their management in the Tamale Teaching Hospital in Northern Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional study of adolescent female genital tract congenital anomalies that were managed at the Tamale Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012.
Results: There were 19 cases of adolescent female genital tract congenital anomalies during the study period. The commonest female genital tract congenital anomaly was imperforate hymen 7(36.84%). Other congenital anomalies included transverse vaginalseptum 4(21.05%), vaginal atresia 2(10.53%), vaginal agenesis 4(21.05%), didelphus uterus 1(5.26)% andbicornuate uterus 1(5.26%). The management of the adolescent female genital tract congenital anomalies included surgical procedures in 14 (73.68%), dilation of vaginal pouch, counseling and psychological support in 6 (31.57%).Conclusion: While in resource limited settings, initial workup and management of adolescent female genital tract congenital anomalies may be done without sophisticated equipment, management of more complex cases are usually more challenging requiringreferral to more appropriately staffed and equipped centres.
Priorities of Professional Postgraduate Specialist Training
Authors: Archampong E.Q.
Published: July 2023

Priorities of professional postgraduate specialist training