bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Properties of Anode Electrodes for Lithium–Ion Batteries Manufactured Using Cu, and Si-Coated Carbon Nanowall Materials
Authors: Thi May Tran , Kim Chulsoo , Kwon Seokhun , Kang Hyunil , Ko Jang Myoun , Kim Junghyun , Choi Wonseok
Published: February 2023

The fabrication of high-capacity, binder-free Li–ion battery anodes using a simple and efficient manufacturing process was reported in this research. The anode material for lithium–ion batteries utilized is a combination of two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanowalls (CNWs) and Cu nanoparticles (improved rate performance and capacity retention) or Si (high capacity) nanoparticles. A methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gas mixture was employed to synthesize CNWs on copper foil through microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The Cu or Si nanoparticles were then deposited on the CNW surface using an RF magnetron sputtering equipment with four-inch targets. To analyze the electrochemical performance of the LIBs, CR2032 coin-type cells were fabricated using anode materials based on CNWs and other components. It was confirmed that the Cu−CNW demonstrates improved rate performance, increased specific capacity, and capacity retention compared with traditional anodes. Additionally, CNW combined with Si nanoparticles has enhanced the capacity of LIB and minimized volume changes during LIB operation.
Class Thresholds Pre-Definition by Clustering Techniques for Applications of ELECTRE TRI Method
Authors: Trojan Flavio , Fernandez Pablo Isaias Rojas , Guerreiro Marcio , Biuk Lucas , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Siano Pierluigi , Filho Roberto F. Dias , Marinho Manoel H. N. , Siqueira Hugo Valadares
Published: February 2023

The sorting problem in the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has been used to address issues whose solutions involve the allocation of alternatives in classes. Traditional multi-criteria methods are commonly used for this task, such as ELECTRE TRI, AHP-Sort, UTADIS, PROMETHEE, GAYA, etc. While using these approaches to perform the sorting procedure, the decision-makers define profiles (thresholds) for classes to compare the alternatives within these profiles. However, most such applications are based on subjective tasks, i.e., decision-makers’ expertise, which sometimes might be imprecise. To fill that gap, in this paper, a comparative analysis using the multi-criteria method ELECTRE TRI and clustering algorithms is performed to obtain an auxiliary procedure to define initial thresholds for the ELECTRE TRI method. In this proposed methodology, K-Means, K-Medoids, Fuzzy C-Means algorithms, and Bio-Inspired metaheuristics such as PSO, Differential Evolution, and Genetic algorithm for clustering are tested considering a dataset from a fundamental problem of sorting in Water Distribution Networks. The computational performances indicate that Fuzzy C-Means was more suitable for achieving the desired response. The practical contributions show a relevant procedure to provide an initial view of boundaries in multi-criteria sorting methods based on the datasets from specific applications. Theoretically, it is a new development to pre-define the initial limits of classes for the sorting problem in multi-criteria approach.
Impact of the Internal Combustion Engine Thermal State during Start-Up on the Exhaust Emissions in the Homologation Test
Authors: Andrych-Zalewska Monika , Chlopek Zdzislaw , Merkisz Jerzy , Pielecha Jacek
Published: February 2023

Due to the increasingly restrictive exhaust emissions requirements from conventional vehicles, the internal combustion engine start-up seems to be most important part of engine operation. The period immediately after starting the engine is the time when the exhaust emissions are highest, thus, this aspect is currently subject to heavy analysis. The article evaluates the impact of the engine thermal state during its start-up for a Euro 5 emission class vehicle type approval test. The engine thermal state during start-up turned out to have a crucial influence (throughout the approval test) on the results of the hydrocarbons road emission (a difference of about 1500%) and the road emission of carbon monoxide (63%). The remaining road exhaust emission values were less sensitive to the thermal state of the engine during start-up—the nitrogen oxides emission value increased by 18% (for a cold start compared to a hot start), and the road fuel consumption (and thus the emission of carbon dioxide) increased by about 6%. In conclusion, the authors refer to technical solutions that may have a significant impact on reducing the exhaust emissions in the considered period of engine cold start.
Optimization of Coal Production Based on the Modeling of the Jig Operation
Authors: Surowiak Agnieszka , Niedoba Tomasz , Wahman Mustapha , Hassanzadeh Ahmad
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the jig operating properties of the selected final parameters of the hard coal concentrate. The quality parameters of the product, such as the yield and ash content, were evaluated in terms of the technical and hydrodynamic parameters of the jig’s operation. The research program included a series of experiments in which the efficiency and the amount of hutch water were changed. The variables selected and analyzed were divided into two categories, i.e., one related to the characteristics of the concentrate produced, and the other to the characteristics of the jig operation. Models were built for narrowed particle size fractions based on concentrate yield and ash content in the concentrate. In addition, a multidimensional analysis was performed, considering variables such as machine throughput, which was determined by the flow rate of the material, the amount of hutch water, the quality of the concentrate, and the amount of concentrate, as well as the accuracy of the jig operation expressed by the imperfection. Two main parameters were taken into account for modeling the operation to examine their significance of influence on the final responses in terms of the possibility of adjusting the value of independent settings of the jig operation. The presented approach to modeling the operation of the jig can be extended by considering the impact of other parameters, taking into account the variability of the final effect, as long as it is allowed under the industrial conditions of machine operation and the assumed production requirements. The approach presented in this paper is a new technique, which was not found in the literature.
Impact of Adding Bioethanol and Dimethyl Carbonate on Gasoline Properties
Authors: Osman Sibel , Sapunaru Olga Valerica , Sterpu Ancaelena Eliza , Chis Timur Vasile , I.Koncsag Claudia
Published: February 2023

Bioethanol and dimetyl carbonate (DMC) are considered alternative fuels and additives to the synthesis compounds used now, since bioethanol is a biofuel and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is non-toxic, biodegradable and can be produced in a cleaner way. In this study, the effect of adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethanol to gasoline on the volatility was investigated. The volatility was the main goal of this research but also, the effect on the antiknock properties was studied. Mixtures of gasoline with DMC or with bioethanol were prepared in different proportions of additive: 3%, 6% and 9% v/v. Additionally, mixtures with 3% v/v ethanol plus 3% or 6% v/v DMC, and3% DMC plus 6% v/v ethanol were prepared. For the volatility evaluation, the ASTM distillation curve and vapor pressure of these mixtures were determined experimentally in order to predict the performance of the resulting fuels. When adding oxygenated compounds, the increase in vapor pressure was proportional to the additive quantity. Additionally, modifications of the ASTM distillation curves were observed, with these indicating the formation of minimum boiling point azeotropes and the corresponding increase in volatility, with good effect on the ease of ignition in the engine. Based on the experimental results, the vapor lock index VLI, drivability index DI and vapor–liquid ratio temperature T(V/L=20) were calculated to quantify the volatility. The experimental results showed that gasoline mixtures with these oxygenated compounds show a significant increase in antiknock properties. Thus, for mixtures with ethanol, the research octane number (RON) increases by up to 2.2 units and the motor octane number (MON) increases by up to 1.2 units. Gasoline mixtures with DMC have another behavior: RON increased by up to 1.5 units, while the MON value increased by up to 2.5 units. For an initial gasoline with RON = 94.7 and MON 84.7, these increases are important and make the difference by exceeding the RON = 95 limit. Adding dimethyl carbonate to gasoline–ethanol blends improves the sensitivity of the fuel.
Use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method in the Variety Selection Process for Sugarcane Planting
Authors: Schiavon Luiza L. P. , Lima Pedro A. B. , Crepaldi Antonio F. , Mariano Enzo B.
Published: February 2023

The sugar and alcohol sectors are dynamic as a result of climate alterations, the introduction of sugarcane varieties, and new technologies. Despite these factors, Brazil stands out as the main producer of sugarcane worldwide, being responsible for 45% of the production of fuel ethanol. Several varieties of sugarcane have been developed in the past few years to improve features of the plant. This, however, led to the challenge of which variety producers should choose to plant on their property. In order to support this process, this research aims to test the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to support producers to select which sugarcane variety to plant on their property. To achieve this goal, the research relied on a single case study performed on a rural property located inland of São Paulo state, the main producer state in Brazil. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach used, specifically owing to the adaptability capacity of the AHP method.
SECDFAN: A Cyber Threat Intelligence System for Discussion Forums Utilization
Authors: Sakellariou Georgios , Fouliras Panagiotis , Mavridis Ioannis
Published: February 2023

Cyber Threat intelligence (CTI) systems offer new capabilities in the arsenal of information security experts, who can explore new sources of data that were partially exploited during the past decades. This paper deals with the exploitation of discussion forums as a source of raw data for a cyber threat intelligence process. Specifically, it analyzes the discussion forums’ characteristics and investigates their relationship with CTI. It proposes a semantic schema for the representation of data collected from discussion forums. Then, it applies a systematic methodology to design the reference architecture of the SECDFAN system, which handles the creation of CTI products following a comprehensive approach from the source selection to CTI product sharing and security experts’ collaboration. The final product of this work is the SECDFAN reference architecture. The contribution of this paper is the development of a CTI reference architecture of a system that, by design, handles all CTI-related issues for creating CTI products by analyzing the content of discussion forums.
Long-Term Changes of Positive Anomalies of Erythema-Effective UV Irradiance Associated with Low Ozone Events in Germany 1983–2019
Authors: Laschewski Gudrun , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: February 2023

In order to assess whether there is an increasing need for adaptation to the associated human health risks, the long-term occurrence (1983–2019) of low-ozone events (LOEs) with associated near-surface anomalies of erythema-effective UV irradiance was examined using an impact-related approach. Based on satellite data, means of four locations in Germany (Sylt, Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich) were compared for three subperiods (T1: 1983–1989, T2: 1990–1997, T3: 1998–2019). The period of peak global ozone depletion in the 1990s (T2) is characterized by a larger frequency of LOEs than the preceding (T1) and the subsequent (T3) subperiods. During the most recent subperiod (T3), the mean number of LOEs is 1.1 ± 0.5 events/year, with a variability of 0 to 4.2 ± 0.8 events/year, and shows a statistically significant decrease in the annual number of −4.8%/year. The annual totals of the LOE-associated anomalies of the erythema-effective UV radiation dose show no trend during T3. With regard to LOE-associated UV index anomalies, spring is the season most affected by LOEs, with more than half of all cumulative UV peak loads, while the absolute maximum values of the LOE-associated UV index anomaly of about 1.8 UV index occur near the summer solstice. Within the most recent subperiod (T3), summer contributes an increasing share of the peak loads. Overall, the study confirms that LOEs pose health risks due to intermittent, pronounced positive anomalies in erythema-effective UV irradiance and therefore require special attention and adaptation measures. Long-term changes can be identified, but to date there has been no evidence of an increasing health risk in Germany.
Seedling Survival Strategies of Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘Dintanensis’ and Zanthoxylum amatum ‘Novemfolius’, Based on Functional Traits in Karst Desertification Control
Authors: Yu Yanghua , Song Yanping , Li Yitong
Published: February 2023

The exploration of the functional traits of Zanthoxylum planispinum ‘dintanensis’ and Zanthoxylum amatum ‘novemfolius’ at the seedling stage may provide a scientific basis for the zoning of germplasm resources and the introduction of plant varieties. The seedlings of the above mentioned two species with an age of about 8 months were selected as the study material, and the structure, nutrients, and physiological traits of leaves and roots were determined, respectively, to reveal their survival strategies. The results demonstrated the following four key elements. (1) The leaf thickness, specific leaf area, and leaf δ15N value of Z. planispinum ‘dintanensis’ were significantly higher than those of Z. amatum ‘novemfolius’ (p < 0.05). However, the root diameter and Ca content showed the opposite results, and the other traits were not significantly different. (2) Leaf functional traits except Ca, as well as specific root length, and root P, Ca, and physiological traits had strong dominant effects on the functional trait system. (3) Among the main functional traits, leaf K and root P preferred environmental selection, leaf C, N, and P favored stable inheritance, and specific leaf area, leaf δ15N, and root Ca were affected by varieties. (4) There were significant synergies (promotion) and trade-offs (inhibition) between the functional traits, and the leaves and the root system were closely correlated. It is speculated that Z. planispinum ‘dintanensis’ may have a stronger defense system. Its leaves are mainly related to growth and defense functions, and its roots are mainly related to the regulation of functions.
Convenient Sampling of Xylem Sap from Adult Tree Trunks and Analysis of Its Components
Authors: Takamatsu Takejiro , Watanabe Mirai , Koshikawa Masami Kanao
Published: February 2023

Sampling xylem sap, especially from adult tree trunks, is a major challenge. In this study, we developed a new sampling method and tested its efficacy for sampling xylem sap from deciduous Quercus serrata and evergreen Cryptomeria japonica. The water-absorbing resin was placed in cylindrical holes in the tree trunks, and the xylem sap that was collected in the resin was analyzed for 15 metals, 4 nonmetals, total sugars, and the chemical forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The volume of the collected xylem sap increased with increases in the mean monthly air temperature and the monthly precipitation when it was less than ca. 200 mm. The concentrations of sap components were higher in Q. serrata than in C. japonica. In Q. serrata, the concentrations of most sap components (e.g., K) began to increase in early spring, remained high in spring–summer, decreased in late summer–early autumn, and remained low in winter. This seasonal variation was likely associated with tree phenology. Relationships between the concentrations of elements in the sap and those in the leaves and soil solution were observed. This sampling method is appropriate for characterizing weekly and monthly mean concentrations of xylem sap components.
Plant Adaptation to Extreme Environments in Drylands
Authors: Yang Xiao-Dong , Wu Nai-Cheng , Gong Xue-Wei
Published: February 2023

Arid and semi-arid lands cover more than one-third of the earth’s terrestrial area and are typically characterized by rainfall scarcity, higher temperatures and evapotranspiration, salinization, nutrient-poor soil, and a paucity of vegetation cover [...]
An Efficient Model-Based Clustering via Joint Multiple Sink Placement for WSNs
Authors: Bouarourou Soukaina , Zannou Abderrahim , Nfaoui El Habib , Boulaalam Abdelhak
Published: February 2023

Wireless sensor networks consist of many restrictive sensor nodes with limited abilities, including limited power, low bandwidth and battery, small storage space, and limited computational capacity. Sensor nodes produce massive amounts of data that are then collected and transferred to the sink via single or multihop pathways. Since the nodes’ abilities are limited, ineffective data transmission across the nodes makes the network unstable due to the rising data transmission delay and the high consumption of energy. Furthermore, sink location and sensor-to-sink routing significantly impact network performance. Although there are suggested solutions for this challenge, they suffer from low-lifetime networks, high energy consumption, and data transmission delay. Based on these constrained capacities, clustering is a promising technique for reducing the energy use of wireless sensor networks, thus improving their performance. This paper models the problem of multiple sink deployment and sensor-to-sink routing using the clustering technique to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The proposed model determines the sink placements and the most effective way to transmit data from sensor nodes to the sink. First, we propose an improved ant clustering algorithm to group nodes, and we select the cluster head based on the chance of picking factor. Second, we assign nodes to sinks that are designated as data collectors. Third, we provide optimal paths for nodes to relay the data to the sink by maximizing the network’s lifetime and improving data flow. The results of simulation on a real network dataset demonstrate that our proposal outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, data transmission delay, and scalability.
Different Animal Metabolism Markers for Artemia Nauplii in Crude Protein Digestibility Assay for Lophiosilurus alexandri Larvae
Authors: Saliba Jaqueline Simões , Santos Fabio Aremil Costa dos , Saliba Eloísa de Oliveira Simões , Luz Ronald Kennedy
Published: February 2023

This work aimed to develop a methodology for marking Artemia with different markers and evaluating their passage rate and digestibility in Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae of different ages. In the first phase, Artemia nauplii were marked 28 h after hatching with chromium oxide, titanium dioxide and NANOLIPE®. Contact times with the markers were 30, 60, 90 min at a concentration of 500 mg/L. Titanium dioxide had a higher concentration in Artemia than the other markers. The passage rate did not differ significantly between titanium and NANOLIPE®. In the second phase, the apparent digestibility of the protein in Artemia nauplii was evaluated for L. alexandri larvae at three ages. Average real protein digestibility at the three ages was 95.08%, demonstrating Artemia as a good quality food. All ages exhibited the same final time of fecal excretion of 30 min after feeding. Artemia nauplii presented satisfactory results for assimilation for all markers tested. In determining the digestibility of Artemia protein, we can conclude that chromium oxide and NANOLIPE® were good markers of animal metabolism and titanium dioxide was the worst marker of Artemia digestibility for the initial stages of L. alexandri.
Unsteady Coupled Heat Transfer in the Air and Surrounding Rock Mass for Mine Excavations with Distributed Heat Sources
Authors: Zaitsev Artem , Shalimov Andrey , Borodavkin Dmitriy
Published: February 2023

This paper presents an unsteady coupled heat transfer model in mine air and surrounding rock mass in the presence of distributed heat sources. The case of distributed heat sources is typical when analyzing the temperature distribution in mine excavations equipped with conveyor systems. For this case, the asymptotic value of the air temperature at the end of the mine excavation is determined not only by the heat exchange between the air and surrounding rock mass but also by the thermal power of distributed heat sources and the total airflow. This conclusion is confirmed by the experimental data presented in the paper for a longwall in a potash mine. We formulate the mathematical model and calculate the distribution of air parameters along the length of an excavation, considering heat release from the conveyor and surrounding rock mass. The results show that a distributed heat release is necessary for correctly calculating the air temperature in working areas. The numerical simulations allow us to recommend a redistribution of air between the haulage and conveyor roadways in the presence of distributed heat sources.
High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Disorder of Glucose Metabolism Caused by Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Experimental Rats
Authors: Li Jinwang , Li Xiude , Zhang Zhihui , Cheng Weilong , Liu Guangmin , Zhao Guoping
Published: February 2023

Epidemiological research has demonstrated that the increase in high fat consumption has promoted the morbidity of diabetes. Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (such as chlorpyrifos) may also increase the risk of diabetes. Although chlorpyrifos is a frequently detected organophosphorus pesticide, the interaction effect between chlorpyrifos exposure and a high-fat diet on glucose metabolism is still unclear. Thus, the effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on glucose metabolism in rats eating a normal-fat diet or a high-fat diet were investigated. The results demonstrated that the glycogen content in the liver decreased and that the glucose content increased in chlorpyrifos-treated groups. Remarkably, the ATP consumption in the chlorpyrifos-treatment group was promoted in the rats eating a high-fat diet. However, chlorpyrifos treatment did not change the serum levels of insulin and glucagon. Notably, the contents of liver ALT and AST changed more significantly in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group than in the normal-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group. Chlorpyrifos exposure caused an increase in the liver MDA level and a decrease in the enzyme activities of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD, and the changes were more significant in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-treatment group. The results indicated that chlorpyrifos exposure led to disordered glucose metabolism in all dietary patterns as a result of antioxidant damage in the liver, in which a high-fat diet may have aggravated its toxicity.
Impact of Capsid and Genomic Integrity Tests on Norovirus Extraction Recovery Rates
Authors: Raymond Philippe , Paul Sylvianne , Guy Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading pathogen responsible for food-borne illnesses. However, both infectious and non-infectious HuNoV can be detected by RT-qPCR. This study evaluated the efficiency of different capsid integrity treatments coupled with RT-qPCR or a long-range viral RNA (long RT-qPCR) detection to reduce the recovery rates of heat inactivated noroviruses and fragmented RNA. The three capsid treatments evaluated (RNase, the intercalating agent PMAxx and PtCl4) reduced the recovery of heat inactivated HuNoV and murine norovirus (MNV) spiked on lettuce, when combined with the ISO 15216-1:2017 extraction protocols. However, PtCl4 also reduced non-heat-treated noroviruses recovery as estimated by RT-qPCR. The PMAxx and RNase treatments had a similar effect on MNV only. The most efficient approaches, the RNase and PMAxx treatments, reduced the heat-inactivated HuNoV recovery rates estimated using RT-qPCR by 2 and >3 log, respectively. The long RT-qPCR detection approach also reduced the recovery rates of heat inactivated HuNoV and MNV by 1.0 and 0.5 log, respectively. Since the long-range viral RNA amplification could be applied to verify or confirm RT-qPCR results, it also provides some advantages by reducing the risk of false positive HuNoV results.
The Propagating Exact Solitary Waves Formation of Generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff Equation with Robust Computational Approaches
Authors: Al Alwan Basem , Abu Bakar Muhammad , Faridi Waqas Ali , Turcu Antoniu-Claudiu , Akgül Ali , Sallah Mohammed
Published: February 2023

The generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation (GCBSE) is examined and analyzed in this paper. It has several applications in plasma physics and soliton theory, where it forecasts the soliton wave propagation profiles. In order to obtain the analytically exact solitons, the model under consideration is a nonlinear partial differential equation that is turned into an ordinary differential equation by using the next traveling wave transformation. The new extended direct algebraic technique and the modified auxiliary equation method are applied to the generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation to get new solitary wave profiles. As a result, novel and generalized analytical wave solutions are acquired in which singular solutions, mixed singular solutions, mixed complex solitary shock solutions, mixed shock singular solutions, mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solutions, mixed hyperbolic solutions, and periodic solutions are included with numerous soliton families. The propagation of the acquired soliton solution is graphically presented in contour, two- and three-dimensional visualization by selecting appropriate parametric values. It is graphically demonstrated how wave number impacts the obtained traveling wave structures.
Structured Doubling Algorithm for a Class of Large-Scale Discrete-Time Algebraic Riccati Equations with High-Ranked Constant Term
Authors: Yu Bo , Jiang Chengxu , Dong Ning
Published: February 2023

Consider the computation of the solution for a class of discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (DAREs) with the low-ranked coefficient matrix G and the high-ranked constant matrix H. A structured doubling algorithm is proposed for large-scale problems when A is of lowrank. Compared to the existing doubling algorithm of O(2kn) flops at the k-th iteration, the newly developed version merely needs O(n) flops for preprocessing and O((k+1)3m3) flopsfor iterations and is more proper for large-scale computations when m≪n. The convergence and complexity of the algorithm are subsequently analyzed. Illustrative numerical experiments indicate that the presented algorithm, which consists of a dominant time-consuming preprocessing step and a trivially iterative step, is capable of computing the solution efficiently for large-scale DAREs.
Generalized Beta Models and Population Growth: So Many Routes to Chaos
Authors: Brilhante M. Fátima , Gomes M. Ivette , Mendonça Sandra , Pestana Dinis , Pestana Pedro
Published: February 2023

Logistic and Gompertz growth equations are the usual choice to model sustainable growth and immoderate growth causing depletion of resources, respectively. Observing that the logistic distribution is geo-max-stable and the Gompertz function is proportional to the Gumbel max-stable distribution, we investigate other models proportional to either geo-max-stable distributions (log-logistic and backward log-logistic) or to other max-stable distributions (Fréchet or max-Weibull). We show that the former arise when in the hyper-logistic Blumberg equation, connected to the Beta (p,q) function, we use fractional exponents p−1=1∓1/α and q−1=1±1/α, and the latter when in the hyper-Gompertz-Turner equation, the exponents of the logarithmic factor are real and eventually fractional. The use of a BetaBoop function establishes interesting connections to Probability Theory, Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integrals, higher-order monotonicity and convexity and generalized unimodality, and the logistic map paradigm inspires the investigation of the dynamics of the hyper-logistic and hyper-Gompertz maps.
Reddening-Free Q Parameters to Classify B-Type Stars with Emission Lines
Authors: Aidelman Yael , Cidale Lydia Sonia
Published: February 2023

The emission-line B-type stars constitute a heterogeneous group. Many of these stars show similar optical spectroscopic features and color indices, making it difficult to classify them adequately by means of photometric and spectroscopic techniques. Thus, it is relevant to deal with appropriate classification criteria to avoid as many selection effects as possible. For this purpose, we analyzed different reddening-free Q parameters, taking advantage of the Gaia and 2MASS photometric surveys, for both main sequence and emission-line B-type stars. Along with this work, we provided various criteria to search for normal and emission-line B-type stars, using different color–color, Q–color, and Q–Q diagrams. It was also possible to identify stars in different transition phases (i.e., (Rp−J) vs. (J−Ks) diagrams) and to classify them according to their NIR radiation excesses (i.e., the (Bp−Rp) vs. (H−Ks) diagram). Other diagrams, such as the QJKHK vs. (H−Ks) or QBpJHK vs. (Bp−Ks), were very useful to search for and classify different classes of B-type stars with emission lines. These diagrams highlighted the presence of several stars, classified as CBe, with large color excesses that seemed to be caused by the presence of dust in their envelopes. Therefore, these stars would be misclassified. Three groups of HAeBe stars with different intrinsic dust properties were also distinguished. The amount of intrinsic dust emission in the diverse groups of emission-line stars was well-recognized via the QJHK vs. QBpRpHK diagram. The different selection criteria are very important tools for automated designs of machine learning and optimal search algorithms.
Stratification of a Phelan–McDermid Syndrome Population Based on Their Response to Human Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor
Authors: Moffitt Bridgette A. , Sarasua Sara M. , Ivankovic Diana , Ward Linda D. , Valentine Kathleen , Bennett William E. , Rogers Curtis , Phelan Katy , Boccuto Luigi
Published: February 2023

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS), caused by pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene or 22q13 deletions, is characterized by intellectual disability, autistic features, developmental delays, and neonatal hypotonia. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and human growth hormone (hGH) have been shown to reverse neurobehavioral deficits in PMS. We assessed the metabolic profiling of 48 individuals with PMS and 50 controls and determined subpopulations by taking the top and bottom 25% of responders to hGH and IGF-1. A distinct metabolic profile for individuals with PMS showed a reduced ability to metabolize major energy sources and a higher metabolism of alternative energy sources. The analysis of the metabolic response to hGH or IGF-1 highlighted a major overlap between both high and low responders, validating the model and suggesting that the two growth factors share many target pathways. When we investigated the effect of hGH and IGF-1 on the metabolism of glucose, the correlation between the high-responder subgroups showed less similarity, whereas the low-responders were still relatively similar. Classification of individuals with PMS into subgroups based on responses to a compound can allow an investigation into pathogenic mechanisms, the identification of molecular biomarkers, an exploration of in vitro responses to candidate drugs, and eventually the selection of better candidates for clinical trials.
Loss of calpain3b in Zebrafish, a Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Increases Susceptibility to Muscle Defects Due to Elevated Muscle Activity
Authors: Prykhozhij Sergey V. , Caceres Lucia , Ban Kevin , Cordeiro-Santanach Anna , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Hoffman Eric P. , Berman Jason N.
Published: February 2023

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type R1 (LGMDR1; formerly LGMD2A), characterized by progressive hip and shoulder muscle weakness, is caused by mutations in CAPN3. In zebrafish, capn3b mediates Def-dependent degradation of p53 in the liver and intestines. We show that capn3b is expressed in the muscle. To model LGMDR1 in zebrafish, we generated three deletion mutants in capn3b and a positive-control dmd mutant (Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Two partial deletion mutants showed transcript-level reduction, whereas the RNA-less mutant lacked capn3b mRNA. All capn3b homozygous mutants were developmentally-normal adult-viable animals. Mutants in dmd were homozygous-lethal. Bathing wild-type and capn3b mutants in 0.8% methylcellulose (MC) for 3 days beginning 2 days post-fertilization resulted in significantly pronounced (20–30%) birefringence-detectable muscle abnormalities in capn3b mutant embryos. Evans Blue staining for sarcolemma integrity loss was strongly positive in dmd homozygotes, negative in wild-type embryos, and negative in MC-treated capn3b mutants, suggesting membrane instability is not a primary muscle pathology determinant. Increased birefringence-detected muscle abnormalities in capn3b mutants compared to wild-type animals were observed following induced hypertonia by exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor, azinphos-methyl, reinforcing the MC results. These mutant fish represent a novel tractable model for studying the mechanisms underlying muscle repair and remodeling, and as a preclinical tool for whole-animal therapeutics and behavioral screening in LGMDR1.
Index Measuring Land Use Intensity—A Gradient-Based Approach
Authors: Erikstad Lars , Simensen Trond , Bakkestuen Vegar , Halvorsen Rune
Published: February 2023

To monitor the changes in the landscape, and to relate these to ecological processes, we need robust and reproducible methods for quantifying the changes in landscape patterns. The main aim of this study is to present, exemplify and discuss a gradient-based index of land use intensity. This index can easily be calculated from spatial data that are available for most areas and may therefore have a wide applicability. Further, the index is adapted for use based on official data sets and can thus be used directly in decision-making at different levels. The index in its basic form consists of two parts where the first is based on the data of buildings and roads and the second of infrastructure land cover. We compared the index with two frequently used ‘wilderness indices’ in Norway called INON and the Human Footprint Index. Our index captures important elements of infrastructure in more detailed scales than the other indices. A particularly attractive feature of the index is that it is based on map databases that are updated regularly. The index has the potential to serve as an important tool in land use planning as well as a basis for monitoring, the assessment of ecological state and ecological integrity and for ecological accounting as well as strategic environmental assessments.
Review of Geotechnical Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Reuse in Infrastructure
Authors: Dager Catherine H. , Morro Robert H. , Hubler Jonathan F. , Sample-Lord Kristin M.
Published: February 2023

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has been extensively studied for potential use as a recycled material in infrastructure construction. There is consensus that utilization of RAP provides environmental and economic benefits for most projects. However, impacts to engineering performance are less known, owing to the highly variable nature of RAP sources with different asphalt pavement mixtures and milling processes, which has limited the adoption of RAP as fill material in geotechnical infrastructure. This study conducted a comprehensive review of geotechnical properties reported for RAP in the experimental literature. The gradation, specific gravity, density, moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, leaching, shear strength, and creep properties of different RAP sources are summarized and compared. These geotechnical properties, as well as recent investigations into the effects of temperature and aggregate mixing, were used to identify the potential reuse of RAP in highway transportation applications beyond just asphalt mixture design, such as embankments. Additionally, correlations between gradation properties (Cu, D10, D85), asphalt content, and the geotechnical properties of maximum dry density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and shear strength were identified.
Crystal Clear? The 2022 NICE Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gout
Authors: Dahanayake Chanaka , Jordan Kelsey M. , Roddy Edward
Published: February 2023

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and causes significant pain and disability [...]
The Executive-Function-Related Cognitive–Motor Dual Task Walking Performance and Task Prioritizing Effect on People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lin Yen-Po , Lin I-I , Chiou Wei-Da , Chang Hsiu-Chen , Chen Rou-Shayn , Lu Chin-Song , Chang Ya-Ju
Published: February 2023

To safely walk in a community environment requires dual cognitive–walking ambulation ability for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A past study showed inconsistent results on cognitive–walking performance for PD patients, possibly due to the various cognitive tasks used and task priority assignment. This study designed cognitive–walking tests that used executive-related cognitive tasks to evaluate patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease who did not have obvious cognitive deficits. The effect of assigning task prioritization was also evaluated. Sixteen individuals with PD (PD group) and 16 individuals without PD (control group) underwent single cognitive tests, single walking tests, dual walking tests, and prioritizing task tests. Three types of cognitive, spatial memory, Stroops, and calculation tasks were employed. The cognitive performance was evaluated by response time, accuracy, and speed–accuracy trade off composite score. The walking performance was evaluated by the temporal spatial gait characteristics and variation in gait. The results showed that the walking performance of the PD group was significantly worse than the control group in both single and dual walking conditions. The group difference in cognitive performance was shown in composite score under the dual calculation walking task but not under the single task. While assigning priority to walking, no group difference in walking was observed but the response accuracy rate of PD groups declined. This study concluded that the dual task walking test could sharpen the cognitive deficits for early-stage PD patients. The task priority assignment might not be recommended while testing gait deficits since it decreased the ability to discriminate group differences.
Role of Genomic and Molecular Biology in the Modulation of the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: Narrative Review and Perspectives
Authors: Cuccu Ilaria , D’Oria Ottavia , Sgamba Ludovica , De Angelis Emanuele , Golia D’Augè Tullio , Turetta Camilla , Di Dio Camilla , Scudo Maria , Bogani Giorgio , Di Donato Violante , Palaia Innocenza , Perniola Giorgia , Tomao Federica , Muzii Ludovico , Giannini Andrea
Published: February 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in Western countries. Traditionally, loco-reginal dissemination and histological characteristics are the main prognostic factors. Nowadays, molecular and genomic profiling showed exciting results in terms of prognostication. According to the data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas and other studies, molecular and genomic profiling might be useful in identifying patients al low, intermediate, and high risk of recurrence. However, data regarding the therapeutic value are scant. Several prospective studies are ongoing to identify the most appropriate adjuvant strategy in EC patients, especially for those with positive nodes and low volume disease. The molecular classification has offered the possibility to improve the risk stratification and management of EC. The aim of this review is to focus on the evolution of molecular classification in EC and its impact on the research approach and on clinical management. Molecular and genomic profiling might be useful to tailor the most appropriate adjuvant strategies in apparent early-stage EC.
Healthcare Liability and Thyroidectomy: When Is the Surgeon Wrong?
Authors: Marrone Maricla , Angeletti Carlo , Leonardelli Mirko , Duma Stefano , Cazzato Gerardo , Gorini Ettore , Dell'Erba Alessandro , Pomara Cristoforo
Published: February 2023

Thyroid surgeries can often lead to operative complications, sometimes with consequences on the patient’s health. This often leads to claims for compensation but the assessments of consultants and judges are not always objective. Based on these considerations, the authors analyzed forty-seven sentences issued between 2013 and 2022 regarding claims of alleged medical malpractice. This analysis aims to examine the cases presented in the sentences and the evaluations proposed by the judges to offer ideas for objective evaluation by the legislation in force in Italy.
Leg Ulcers in Sickle Cell Disease: A Multifactorial Analysis Highlights the Hemolytic Profile
Authors: Santos Edvan do Carmo , Santana Paulo Vinícius Bispo , Jesus Laíne Lopes Silva de , Melo Gabriela Imbassahy Valentim , Yahouédéhou Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre , Guarda Caroline Conceição da , Santiago Rayra Pereira , Fiuza Luciana Magalhães , Carvalho Suéllen Pinheiro , Santos Liz Oliveira dos , Adorno Elisângela Vitória , Aleluia Augusto Cezar Magalhães , Luiz Luciene Cristina Gastalho Campos , Fonseca Teresa Cristina Cardoso , Gonçalves Marilda de Souza , Aleluia Milena Magalhães
Published: February 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by the presence of the variant S hemoglobin (HbS). The homozygous genotype (HbSS) is sickle cell anemia (SCA), while the double heterozygous of HbS and HbC (HbSC) is defined as SC hemoglobinopathy. The pathophysiology is based on chronic hemolysis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vaso-occlusion, which results in vasculopathy and serious clinical manifestations. Sickle leg ulcers (SLUs) are cutaneous lesions around the malleoli frequent in 20% of Brazilian patients with SCD. SLUs present a variable clinical and laboratory pattern modulated by several characteristics that are not fully understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate laboratory biomarkers and genetic and clinical parameters associated with the development of SLUs. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 69 SCD patients, 52 without SLU (SLU−) and 17 with active or previous SLU history (SLU+). The results showed a higher incidence of SLU in SCA patients and there was no observed association of α-3.7 Kb thalassemia in SLU occurrence. Alterations in NO metabolism and hemolysis were associated with clinical evolution and severity of SLU, in addition to hemolysis modulating the etiology and recurrence of SLU. Our multifactorial analyses demonstrate and extend the role of hemolysis driving the pathophysiological mechanism of SLU.
Management of Vegetable Leaf Miner, Liriomyza Spp., (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Vegetable Crops
Authors: Hamza Muhammad Ameer , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Majid Muhammad Abdul , Gohar Madiha , Radicetti Emanuele , Mancinelli Roberto , Iqbal Naeem , Civolani Stefano
Published: February 2023

Vegetables are considered high value crops based on their growing areas and productivity, even if they are affected by a variety of insect pests throughout the whole growing season. Leaf miner is an immature of an insect that lives inside and consumes the leaf tissues of vegetable plants. Adult females of leaf miner puncture the leaf with their ovipositor, forming tube pattern, and feed on the punctured parts. Host plants survey of leaf miner in Multan (Pakistan) area was conducted. Twenty host plants were found in 2017, whereas twenty-four host plants were found infested with Liriomyza spp. (Diptera) in 2022 i.e., watermelon (24% infestation), long melon (75%), pumpkin (71%), round gourd (67%), snake melon (70%), bitter gourd (50%), long gourd (89%), bottle gourd (93%), pointed gourd (80%), snap gourd (86%), ridge gourd (83%), cucumber (98%), mung bean (98%), eggplant (60%), Petunia alba (88%), Zinnia elegies (30%), cotton (10%), okra (5%), berseem (7%), tomato (89%), Pea (52%) and Canola (28%). No infestation of leaf miners was observed on potato, chilies, and sweet potatoes. Color attraction results in 2017 and 2022 showed that there was maximum attraction of tomato leaf miner towards yellow sticky cards as compared to blue sticky cards. Varietal preference of tomato crop showed that Baby red variety was the most preferred by leaf miner (Liriomyza spp.), and comparatively Sehar was the least preferred variety. Field efficacy of four different insecticides against leaf miner were also tested. Insecticidal effects attributed as percent reduction of leaf miner infestation that showed the highest reduction values were observed after 7 DOA for Spinetoram (76.98%), whereas Bifenthrin (57%). Deltaphos (43 %) was the least toxic insecticide against Liriomyza spp. Integrated approaches are recommended to manage vegetable leaf miner like application of yellow sticky traps, discouraging preferred host plants, application of insecticides with novel modes of actions like spintoram and spinosad for effective management.
Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Wild Edible Durians from Sarawak, Borneo Associated with Its Aroma Properties
Authors: Sujang Gerevieve Bangi , Ramaiya Shiamala Devi , Saupi Noorasmah , Lee Shiou Yih
Published: February 2023

Volatile organic compounds determine the aroma properties of durian, and it is an important factor in durian acceptance by consumers. However, limited information is devoted to volatile organic compounds and aroma in wild edible durians. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize and compare the volatile organic compounds and aroma properties of the indigenous wild edible durians from Sarawak, Borneo. Seven genotypes, namely Durio dulcis, Durio graveolens (yellow-fleshed), Durio graveolens (orange-fleshed), Durio graveolens (red-fleshed), Durio kutejensis, Durio oxleyanus, and Durio zibethinus were characterized in this study. Solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) was used to detect the volatile organic compounds, while the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method was used to characterize the aroma properties of wild edible durians. A total of 119 volatile organic compounds comprising alcohol, aldehyde, amine, ether, ester, ketone, nitrogen-containing, and sulfur-containing compounds were detected. Ester and alcohol compounds are the most predominant in the composition, especially D. graveolens (yellow- and orange-fleshed), and D. dulcis possessed three to nine times higher relative amount of ester compounds. PCA clearly classified the wild durians into different groups. Based on the QDA analysis, D. kutejensis has the mildest aroma among wild edible durians, while D. dulcis perceived a stronger sweet and grassy aroma. Partially Least Square (PLS) regression model analysis indicated a strong relationship between the volatile organic compounds and the aroma intensity perceived by the panelists. These findings could be the major component in the durian industry, paving the way for breeding efforts to create new cultivars that can improve consumers’ satisfaction.