bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tweeting about alcohol: Exploring differences in Twitter sentiment during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stone Jeffrey A. , Ryerson Nicole C.
Published: November 2022

This study explores pandemic-related changes in Twitter communication by examining differences in emotional, psychological and social sentiment between alcohol-related tweets and a random sample of non-alcohol tweets during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two equivalent size sets of English-language, COVID-specific tweets posted between February 1st and April 20th, 2020 are examined. The first set includes 1.5 million tweets containing alcohol-related keywords, while the second set does not contain such references. LIWC software analyzed the tweets for sentiment factors. ANCOVAs were used to determine whether language use significantly differed between the sets, considering differences in the pandemic period (before or after the pandemic declaration) while controlling for the number of tweets. The study found that tweets in the 40 days after March 11, 2020 contained more authentic language, more affiliation-oriented language, and exhibited more positive emotion than tweets in the 40 days pre-declaration. Alcohol-related status was a significant factor only when tweets contained personal concerns, regardless of pandemic period. Authenticity levels increased significantly in alcohol-related tweets post-declaration. The findings suggest alcohol may play a lesser role in the expression of psychological, social, and emotional sentiment than the pandemic period, but interaction between authentic language and alcohol references may reflect an increased use of alcohol for coping.
ggmotif: An R Package for the extraction and visualization of motifs from MEME software
Authors: Li Xiang , Ma Linna , Mei Xinyue , Liu Yixiang , Huang Huichuan
Published: November 2022

MEME (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation) is the most commonly used tool to identify motifs within deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or protein sequences. However, the results generated by the MEMEare saved using file formats .xml and .txt, which are difficult to read, visualize, or integrate with other widely used phylogenetic tree packages, such as ggtree. To overcome this problem, we developed the ggmotif R package, which provides two easy-to-use functions that can facilitate the extraction and visualization of motifs from the results files generated by the MEME. ggmotif can extract the information of the location of motif(s) on the corresponding sequence(s) from the .xml format file and visualize it. Additionally, the data extracted by ggmotif can be easily integrated with the phylogenetic data. On the other hand, ggmotif can obtain the sequence of each motif from the .txt format file and draw the sequence logo with the function ggseqlogo from the ggseqlogo R package. The ggmotif R package is freely available (including examples and vignettes) from GitHub at https://github.com/lixiang117423/ggmotif or from CRAN at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggmotif.
MicroRNA analysis in maternal blood of pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes reveals a distinct expression profile
Authors: Spiliopoulos Michail , Haddad Andrew , Al-Kouatly Huda B. , Haleema Saeed , Paidas Michael J. , Iqbal Sara N. , Glazer Robert I.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine the expression profile of microRNAs in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) compared to that of healthy pregnant women.

Study design

This was a pilot study with case-control design in pregnant patients enrolled between January 2017 and June 2019. Patients with healthy pregnancies and those affected by PPROM between 20- and 33+6 weeks of gestation were matched by gestational age and selected for inclusion to the study. Patients were excluded for multiple gestation and presence of a major obstetrical complication such as preeclampsia, diabetes, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. A total of ten (n = 10) controls and ten (n = 10) patients with PPROM were enrolled in the study. Specimens were obtained before administration of betamethasone or intravenous antibiotics. MicroRNA expression was analyzed for 800 microRNAs in each sample using the NanoString nCounter Expression Assay. Differential expression was calculated after normalization and log2- transformation using the false discovery rate (FDR) method at an alpha level of 5%.

Results

Demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. Of the 800 miRNAs analyzed, 116 were differentially expressed after normalization. However, only four reached FDR-adjusted statistical significance. Pregnancies affected by PPROM were characterized by upregulation of miR-199a-5p, miR-130a-3p and miR-26a-5p and downregulation of miR-513b-5p (FDR adjusted p-values <0.05). The differentially expressed microRNAs participate in pathways associated with altered collagen and matrix metalloprotease expression in the extracellular matrix.

Conclusion

Patients with PPROM have a distinct peripheral blood microRNA profile compared to healthy pregnancies as measured by the NanoString Expression Assay.
Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II
Authors: Darkwah Kwasi Adjepong , Iddi Samuel , Nonvignon Justice , Aikins Moses
Published: November 2022

Background

Functional disability is a common public health problem that affects the health and quality of life of older adults. This causes them to be highly dependent on other members of their family, receive home care, or to be institutionalized. Although functional disability has been widely studied in developed country settings, very limited studies have focused on age-related functional disability in sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular Ghana. The purpose of this study is to assess various factors associated with the difficulties in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in Ghana.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data on 1610 older adults aged 50 years and above from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey Wave II conducted in Ghana. Nine standard functioning difficulty tools of WHODAS II was used for the analysis. The WHODAS II offers continuous summary scores with higher scores showing higher disability, and vice versa. A multi-level regression model was used to identify individual and household level risk factors linked to the functional disability of older adults.

Results

Female older adults (53.7%) reported having functional disability. The mean functional disability among older adults aged 50 years and above was 5.2 (± 5.9). Results indicated that older adults who are females, aged 70 years and above, and had three or more chronic conditions had a higher functional disability. Also, older adults who have adequate fruit intake and belong to wealthier households were found to have a lower functional disability.

Conclusions

The study reveals that functional disability among older adults is frequent in Ghana and is associated with having three or more chronic conditions and being overweight/obese. Prevention of functional disability in old age in Ghana is therefore a matter of great social and economic concern, which calls for coordinate efforts across the board to mitigate this public health challenge.
Effect of storage temperature on the dispersibility of commercially available 0.1% fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension
Authors: Obata Tokio , Deguchi Saori , Yoshitomi Jyoji , Inaba Kazunori , Urashima Yoko , Kobori Takuro , Hosomi Kouichi , Nagai Noriaki , Nakada Yuichiro
Published: November 2022

In this study, we focused on the storage conditions and investigated the effects of low-temperature storage (10°C) on the dispersibility of active components in three formulations of fluorometholone (FLU) suspension eye-drops (one original drug and two generic drugs, P1-P3). For all three eye-drop products, before shaking by hand, white sediment anticipated to be the principal active component was seen at the vial base. In the ordinary-temperature storage group, the FLU contents per drop after shaking by hand were 0.076% in P1, 0.023% in P2, and 0.100% in P3, and the content in P2 was significantly lower than that in P1 and P3. In contrast, almost no dispersion was observed in the low-temperature group. The results after sufficient shaking of these samples with a vortex, in contrast, were such that the FLU contents per drop were 0.063% in P1, 0.086% in P2, and 0.088% in P3; the content in P1 was significantly lower than that in P2 and P3, and there was no difference between P2 and P3. Moreover, we evaluated the dispersibility according to the evaluation “Vs / (ρg − ρf) g.” In both the low- and ordinary-temperature storage groups, the value of Vs / (ρg − ρf) g, proportional to the terminal velocity, decreased in the following order: P3 > P1 ≫ P2, and each value in the ordinary-temperature was higher than that in low temperature. The zeta potential decreased in the following order: P2 > P3 ≫ P1. In conclusion, when FLU suspension eye drops are stored at low temperatures until use, such as in a refrigerator, ordinary shaking does not help achieve dispersion to the specified concentration, and even with vigorous shaking with some formulations, the specified concentration cannot be achieved.
FLAVONOIDS OF SOME PLANT SPECIES OF THE GENERA SILENE
Authors: Zibareva Larisa Nikolayevna , Filonenko Elena Sergeyevna , Chernyak Elena Il'inichna , Morozov Sergey Vladimirovich , Kotelnikov Oleg Alekseyevich
Published: November 2022

The composition of flavonoids of 12 species of plants of the genus Silene introduced into Western Siberia was studied for the first time. The C-diglycoside of apigenin, shaftoside, was isolated from the aboveground part of S. chalcedonica, the structure of which was identified by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. In all other studied species, the presence of shaftoside and other C-glycosides of flavones was established on the basis of HPLC data. C-diglycoside of apigenin - vicenin-2 was first identified in S. sendtneri, S. roemeri, S. viridiflora, S. paradoxa, S. nemoralis, S. frivaldszkyana, S. colpophylla, S. linicola, S. caramanica.

The most common in the studied Silene species are the apigenin monoglycosides vitexin and isovitexin and a number of their derivatives, luteolin derivatives orientin and others are found a little less frequently. The highest content of flavonoids in the aboveground part of the studied species is characterized by S. nemoralis (6.75%), high – S. chalcedonica, S. paradoxa, S. frivaldszkyana, S. caramanica, S. sendtneri (3.35–5.15%). The major component in the sum of flavonoids is shaftoside, the proportion of which in most species ranges from 50 to 90%. It is shown that the composition of flavonoids changes during vegetative development. The phases of maximum accumulation of flavonoids in the aboveground part of 4 Silene species have been determined. In general, the studied Silene species are promising sources of C-glycosylflavones.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DASIPHORA DAVURICA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Andysheva Elena Vladimirovna , Khramova Elena Petrovna
Published: November 2022

Results of seasonal changes of phenolic compounds are presented in the article for leaves of Dasiphora davurica grown in culture of the south of the Amur region. The phenolic compounds were analyzed by the method of a high-performance liquid chromatography. Five glycosides of flavonol (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin), one aglycone (quercetin) and tannins (ellagic acid and its glycoside) were found. It was found that phenolic composition of D. davurica is constant, but the changes of qualitative composition occur at the expense of minor compounds. The largest number of phenolic components (21) was established in stage the period of full isolation of leaves and periods of mass and the ending of a blossoming. A higher total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of D. davurica was established in the stages of mass budding (24,3 mg/g). A higher of total flavonols was found in the stages of formation of the first flowers (15,2 mg/g). Quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin glycosides were found in all stages of development. The largest glycosides of flavonols was found in the phase of the budding, in the stage of the beginning and mass blossoming with aglycones (quercetin) at the beginning of vegetation and the ending of a blossoming. A fact of contrariety of the dynamics of accumulation of glycosides and their aglycones was revealed. A higher content of most individual phenolic compounds was found in mature leaves in the flowering and fruiting phases. Avicularin is the predominant glycoside during the growing season. Ellagic acid dominated in mature tissues whereas ellagic acid glycoside was the predominant in young leaves.
INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE LEAVES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS HEMEROCALLIS L. IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CITIES OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Authors: Sedelnikova Lyudmila Leonidovna , Tsandekova Oksana Leonidovna
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes for the first time the comparative results of determination of ash content, sulfur, ascorbic acid, and tannins in leaves of representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L. under conditions of cities and settlements of Novosibirsk region – Berdsk, Yevsino, Koltsovo. Changes in the quantitative content of these compounds depending on the growing conditions were revealed. In the urbanized environment, there was a trend towards an increase (by 1.5–2 times) in the ash content in the leaves of H. fulva and in the studied varieties (Speak to Me, Luxury Lace, Green Wood Hall, President Marcus, Goi) relative to the control. The predominant amount of ash was found in the leaves of daylily varieties growing in the central part of the city of Berdsk and the urban-type settlement of Koltsovo compared to the district settlement of Evsino. Among the dominant species and varieties on the accumulation of ash content in leaves were determined H. fulva>Goi>Luxury Lace>President Marcus >Speak to Me>Green Wood Hall (Koltsovo); Speak to Me>Luxury Lace>H. fulva>Janke Clipper (Berdsk); Speak to Me>H. fulva>Luxury Lace (Evsino). Species- and variety-specificity of accumulating ability of ash, sulfur, ascorbic acid, and tannins in lily leaf in urban environment was determined. Species- and variety-specificity of ash content, sulfur, ascorbic acid, and tannins accumulation ability by daylily leaf in urban environment was determined.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SEED OF WINTER CAMELINA DEPENDING ON THE REGION OF CULTIVATION
Authors: Prakhova Tat'yana Yakovlevna , Turina Elena Leonidovna
Published: November 2022

The object of the study was oilseeds of winter camelina grown in regions with contrasting climatic conditions: the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza Research Institute of Agriculture) and the steppe zone of Crimea (Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea).

The aim of the study is to determine the biochemical parameters of winter camelina, to study its fatty acid and amino acid composition, depending on the region of cultivation.

The climate of the Middle Volga region is temperate continental. The amount of annual precipitation varies from 350 to 750 mm, the average annual temperature is 5.3 °С. The climate of the steppe Crimea is continental, the average annual temperature reaches 10.2 °С, the amount of precipitation per year is 350–450 mm.

The largest share in camelina seed oil is linolenic acid, the percentage of which was 33.79 (Crimea) and 34.87 (Penza). The concentration of linoleic and oleic acids is 16.12–17.98 and 14.82–15.70%, depending on the growing region. The content of palmitic acid is 4.93 and 5.17%, eicosene – 15.46 and 15.84%, erucic 3.15 and 3.16%. The ratio of linolenic (ω-3) and linoleic (ω-6) acids is on average 2 : 1.

In the seeds of camelina, 18 amino acids were identified, including 9 irreplaceable ones, the content of which was 7.28 and 8.53%. Camelina proteins contain a high amount of leucine (2.14–3.02%), valine (1.01–1.25%), lysine (1.07–1.28%), proline (1.02–1.45%), glycine (1.13–1.46%), alanine (0.93–1.22%), serine (1.02–1.26%) and methionine (0.34–0.37%).

It was found that camelina oilseeds contain tocopherols 0.085-0.098%, carotenoids 0.002%, steroids 0.144–0.145% and squalene 0.09–0.10%, depending on the region.
GRAPE BUNCH POLYPHENOLS, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION, TECHNOLOGICAL STOCK
Authors: Chernousova Inna Vladimirovna , Mosolkova Viktoriya Yevgen'yevna , Zaitsev Grigoriy Pavlovich , Grishin Yuriy Vladimirovich , Zhilyakova Tat'yana Aleksandrovna , Ogay Yuriy Alekseyevich
Published: November 2022

The Magarach Institute has been addressing the issue of developing technologies for obtaining functional food products from grapes saturated with grape polyphenols; and of determining main properties and modes of grape polyphenol extraction from potential raw materials (pomace, seeds, crests) for the production of experimental samples of functional products. The aim of the present research was not only to experimentally determine the total stock of polyphenols in pomace, seeds, crests of red and white grape varieties, but also to assess empirically the qualitative and quantitative composition of total polyphenols in pomace, seeds, stems, vines, leaves of red and white grape varieties as functional components of a healthy nutrition. The research has dwelled upon the empiric assessment of the characteristics of grape raw materials (grape must, pomace, seeds, crests) in terms of their technological stock, quantitative and qualitative composition of polyphenols (by HPLC), and the main functional ingredients of the biological activity of grape products. An analysis of the data obtained shows that the aqueous-alcoholic extracts of grape raw materials possess the whole spectrum of polyphenols typical for red grape wines (anthocyanins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, hydroxycinnamic, hydroxybenzoic acids, stilbenes, oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins), however their concentration quantitatively exceeds that found in wines. It has been shown that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants experimentally determined by the amperometric method depends on the content of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins in the extracts of grape raw materials. Thus, the content of oligomeric procyanidins in the extracts of grape raw materials from the sum of phenolic substances averaged 5.7%; while the content of polymer procyanides went up to 94%. The technological availability of polyphenols of pomace, stalks and grape seeds during water-alcohol extraction in the piled layer without mixing was shown, the equilibrium concentrations of polyphenols transferred into the extract and the potential amounts of polyphenols extracted during single-stage extraction (technological stock) were assessed. The maximum values of technological stock of polyphenols of 29.2–76.02 g/kg dry weight in the stalks of white and red grape varieties were determined.
THE INFORMATION AGENDA OF THE TURKIC-SLAVIC WORLD IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMAGE POSITIONING OF STATES
Authors: Dzhunushalieva Gulmira D. , Kovaleva Alla V.
Published: November 2022

The article presents an analysis of the information agenda of the Turkic-Slavic world from January to July 2022. The results of the analysis are based on the data of the media monitoring and analysis system "Medialogy", the selection of publications was carried out using the keywords "Turkology", "Turkic world". However, we considered it possible and necessary to include the Slavic world, since all the political, economic and axiological events of 2022 are reflected in the regional international climate of the post-Soviet space. All participants of the geopolitical rivalry use the media to promote their national interests through image, soft power tools, activity in social networks and the "fifth column" in the recipient states.
Laboratory investigation of soil-aggregate-cement mixture
Authors: Rijo Valoura Luíza , Da Silva Matheus Francisco , Furlan Ana Paula
Published: November 2022

Cement stabilization improves physical and mechanical properties of geotechnical materials. However, numerous combinations of geotechnical materials and cement hinder to establish a pattern of mechanical behavior of cement-stabilized materials. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of soil-aggregate-cement mixtures (SAC) using high early-strength cement (HE), to contribute to dosage aspects and to ascertain their recommendation as base and/or subbase layers in heavy and very heavy volume roads. For this, SAC mixtures composed of different proportions of soil and aggregate (20:80 and 30:70) with 3, 5 and 7% of cement were produced and cured at different times (0, 7 and 28 days). Mechanical properties were assessed in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and resilient modulus by repeated load triaxial test ( ) and by dynamic indirect tensile test ( ). A cement dosage study compared compressive and tensile strengths with acting stresses computed by mechanistic analysis of hypothetical pavements. This same procedure was also used for verifying the possibility of anticipating construction phases and reducing the traffic opening time, in this case a SAC mixture using Portland composite cement (PCC) was also evaluated. Results indicated that SAC-20:80 presented better mechanical behavior than SAC-30:70. Also, the cement content that led to the best mechanical behavior was 5%. All SAC mixtures with 5% HE had higher strength than the acting stresses interval computed for hypothetical pavements. SAC mixtures reached, at 7 and 3 days of curing, respectively, 80% and 60% of 28-days strength, which is the control parameter of Sao Paulo-DOT instructions for SAC. Findings indicated that, due to their good mechanical behavior, SAC mixtures are viable alternatives as layers in heavy and very heavy traffic pavements. Additionally, SAC’s high strengths at earlier curing times have shown their potential to reduce construction time.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: November 2022
Authors: Yaghoobi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Article Title: Quality Indicators for Capsule Endoscopy and Deep Enteroscopy
Ensino remoto na escola: análise das dificuldades de professores de matemática
Authors: Proença Marcelo Carlos de , Luz João Alessandro da , Mendes Luiz Otavio Rodrigues
Published: November 2022

Tendo em vista as adversidades da educação durante a pandemia de COVID-19, este artigo busca analisar e evidenciar as dificuldades encontradas por professores de matemática ao exercerem o ensino remoto durante esse período. Neste estudo, de cunho qualitativo e descritivo, participaram 18 professores de escolas públicas e privadas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico e discutidos com a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, da qual emergiram quatro categorias de dificuldades: I – Dificuldades em habilidades para o uso de tecnologias; II – Dificuldades de infraestrutura para o ensino remoto: acesso à internet, softwares e equipamentos; III – Dificuldades relacionadas aos alunos: falta de atendimento pedagógico presencial, pouca frequência e desinteresse; IV – Dificuldades relacionadas aos professores: adaptação ao trabalho remoto e aumento da carga laboral. Tais dificuldades evidenciam a necessidade de letramento digital dos docentes por meio de formação continuada como a necessidade de investimentos de infraestrutura nas escolas públicas.
Shadow ESL Education from North American Tutors’ Perspective
Authors: Kerr Emily L.
Published: November 2022

For-profit, private tutoring services, often referred to as shadow education, are tutoring students for pay and are made use of as a concurrent supplement to their standard academic courses or programs. These tutoring sessions are often online and given by tutors who work for companies that are for-profit businesses in the education services industry. Tutors are often subject matter “experts” working as independent contractors, many of whom have little or no formal training as teachers. This is a qualitative case pilot study consisting of semistructured interviews with two such tutors working at a company that offers online tutoring in content areas and ESL to Chinese international undergraduate students studying abroad in Canada, the US, Australia, and the UK. Data reveal that these tutors have concerns with their sense of professional identity as teachers. These results elicit questions of who has the privilege of being called a “teacher” and the status of online for-profit tutors as compared to classroom teachers. Findings also include that tutors’ perceptions of working for a for-profit shadow education company impacts their teaching practices.
Hnaring Lutuv Squibs: Situating the Language and the Volume
Authors: Berkson Kelly , Par Sui Hnem
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces the current volume of short papers (or squibs), which themselves provide basic overviews of several linguistic phenomena in Lutuv. Also known as Lautu, Lutuv is a member of the Maraic sub-group of the South Central branch of Tibeto-Burman. During the 2021-22 academic year, the IU Linguistics field methods class worked with Sui Hnem Par, who is a native speaker of the Hnaring variety of Lutuv and is second author on this introduction. The introduction situates the language, and details our motivation for producing a squib volume. Our hope is that the collected squibs will both establish some basic facts about Lutuv (which is almost entirely unrepresented in the previous linguistic literature, identify issues worthy of future investigation, and lay the groundwork for future work.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND FIRM PERFORMANCE OF LISTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA: MODERATING ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: ADEGBAYIBI Adesanmi Timothy
Published: November 2022

The low performance of Nigerian firms despite investment in intellectual capital is a major concern. While studies have shown that corporate governance practices strengthens the subsisting relationship between investment in intellectual capital and performance in the developed economies, this moderating effect in Nigeria is yet to be adequately explored as research focus is limited to possible effects of intellectual capital and performance. It is against this background, this study investigated the moderating role of corporate governance on the relationship between intellectual capital and performance of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design, and data were drawn from the audited annual reports of fifty (50) listed non-financial firms for a period of 2007 to 2017. Multiple regression techniques were employed to test the relationship among the variables. The results of the study revealed that both intellectual capital and corporate governance drive financial performance as the relationship is found significant in all components. The study concluded that corporate governance moderated the effect of investment in intellectual capital on financial performance. The study recommends that Board of directors should adopt measurable corporate governance mechanism which strengthens and helps in investment strategy that increases and improves performance. Also, there is need to entrench corporate governance as a control strategy and impetus towards attaining organization’s goals.
Deutschsprachige Regionalpresse im Ausland. Fallstudie am Beispiel der „Batschkaer Spuren“
Authors: Földes Csaba
Published: November 2022

This paper analyzes the specific linguistic situation of print media in German language abroad based on the example of the “Batschkaer Spuren”, a regional newspaper of the German minority in Hungary. The goal is a linguistic assessment of the current manifestations of the used media language regarding its typological structures and fundamental characteristics. Additionally, journalistic possibilities and types of procedures, specifically with regards to regionalisms (informed by local dialects), multilingualism, and inter- as well as transculturality are discussed.

The study identified a spectrum of minority-specific patterns und types of linguistic composition with highly variable characteristics of German. The analyzed linguistic practices of the newspaper show a type of dynamic multiliteracy that in itself causes an emergence of new patterns. The majority of findings can be attributed to multilingual or language-contact induced phenomena on different levels: from word to text/discourse (the text routines are occasionally influenced by the contact language Hungarian). The other central aspect of the analyzed text world lies in the regionalisms that are influenced by local dialects. The complete picture is determined by heterogeneity and inconsistency and presents itself as a mixture of linguistic and stylistic forms. Especially noteworthy is the established conflict between orality and scribality i.e., between a “language of proximity” and a “language of distance”. Hence, the analyzed newspaper articles present a large quantity of forms and structures of every-day written language that metaphorically can be termed “Parlando texts”.
Improving the automatic target recognition algorithm’s accuracy through an examination of the different time-frequency representations and data augmentation
Authors: Sazdic-Jotic Boban , Bondzulic Boban , Bajcetic Jovan , Andric Milenko , Pokrajac Ivan , Obradovic Danilo , Zrnic Bojan
Published: November 2022

This research focuses on an improved automatic target recognition algorithm for solving the classification challenge of ground-moving targets from pulsed-Doppler radar. First, it was studied how decision-making intervals affect the proposed algorithm. Second, the altering of the data augmentation process was investigated. Third, a consideration of the three time-frequency signal representations and finally the use of different deep learning models for the classification issues were examined. It is proven that the proposed algorithm can efficiently recognize all targets enclosed in the publicly available RadEch dataset, with 4 s of radar echoes. When the decision-making time is only 1 s, a classification probability of 99.9% was obtained, which is an improvement related to the other research studies in this area. Furthermore, when the decision-making time is reduced 16 times the classification accuracy is reduced by only 1.3%. Moreover, the proposed algorithm was successful on another dataset enclosing ground-moving targets from comparable pulsed-Doppler radar.
Does cystatin C have an immunomodulatory role in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Authors: Söbü Elif , Yildiz Zeynep
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Studies which report cystatin C’s (Cys-C) role in immunological disorders are increasing. However, data in the pediatric age group is limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum Cys-C levels and thyroid autoantibodies in children and adolescents diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Methods

The patient group was included 50 participants aged between 3 and 18 years, and the control group included 50 healthy children matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Patients with hypothyroidism or taking any medication were not included in the study. Fasting glucose, liver enzymes, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, Cys-C, free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) levels were recorded in all subjects.

Results

The mean age of control group was 13.5 ± 2.5 years, and the mean age of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) group was 14.2 ± 2.7 years, no statistically significant differences existed (p=0.205). Cys-C values were significantly higher in the HT group than in the control group (p=0.041). When all cases were evaluated, Cys-C levels were statistically positively correlated with fT3, TPOAb, and TGAb values (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.013 respectively).

Conclusions

Based on the results of our study, Cys-C levels in children and adolescents with euthyroid Hashimoto thyroiditis were statistically higher than their healthy peers. In conclusion, it can be said that Cys-C may be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis, and even small changes in TSH values affect Cys-C levels.
Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
Authors: Gong Yan , Luo Yi , Chen Zhilai , Sui Ying , Zheng Yansong
Published: November 2022

This research aimed to analyze lifestyle-related factors which influence Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and outcomes in Chinese adults. A single-center, retrospective study was performed from January 2012 to December 2020. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect relevant lifestyle information, and the 13C-urea breath test was used to diagnose active Hp infection. A total of 18,211 subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 5,511 were females (30.26%). Subjects were studied longitudinally for up to five follow-up visits. At baseline, gastric Hp test was negative in 10,670 subjects (58.59%) and positive in 7,541 subjects (41.41%). Males exhibited a significantly higher Hp infection rate than females (38.56% vs 2.65%, respectively; χ
2 = 26.45, P < 0.001). Throughout the course of follow-up, Hp positive rates in the subjects decreased (

χ

trend

2

{\chi }_{\text{trend}}^{2}

= 666.04, P < 0.001). Among the subjects with baseline negative results, 3–6% changed from negative to positive during follow-up. In contrast, among those with baseline positive results, >70% remained positive, and 21–26% changed from positive to negative. However, only 22–27% of Hp-infected subjects received pharmacotherapy. The results indicate the prevalence of Hp infection is high in the Chinese population. That additional effort is required to prevent and control Hp infection.
Microstructure of a chrome-boriding of induction hardened DIN Ck 45 steel
Authors: Topuz Polat
Published: November 2022

In this study, boriding of DIN Ck 45 steel, which is hard chrome plated after induction hardening, is used as a linear shaft in 3D printers. The boriding treatment, which was carried out by the pack-boriding method, was carried out in an atmosphere-controlled furnace at 1273 K for 2 h. The thickness, morphology, hardness, and chemical composition of the boride layer formed on the sample surface as a result of the boriding process using Ekabor 2 boriding agent were examined and compared with the un-borided sample. The microstructure images were obtained with a digital camera integrated into an optical microscope, and these images were analyzed in detail with the help of an image analysis program. After the optical microscope examinations were completed, point EDX analyzes were performed on the image obtained with the help of SEM. As a result of EDX analysis, it was determined that the layer formed on the material surface was only chromium boride formed by the interaction of chromium and boron element. Finally, the hardness measurements of the borided sample were carried out with the help of Vickers indenter and then differences were compared with the un-borided sample.
Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling
Authors: Yilmaz Musa , Yilmaz Necip Fazil
Published: November 2022

Material type and part deposition orientation are two important concerns in additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing methods utilized by the industry are generally based on polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. However, in present commercial applications, besides extensive use of PLA/ABS, their low strength has emerged as their biggest disadvantage. However, polyetherimide (PEI)/ULTEM 1010 parts represent high-performance engineering thermoplastics and offer superior mechanical properties with high thermal stability. On the other hand, selection of an appropriate raster angle orientation for single- and multi-oriented layers is also of considerable interest. A comprehensive study has been conducted herein on the building of a part using the FDM method using PEI/ULTEM 1010, and attempts have been made to identify the effects of raster angle in single- (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and multi-oriented (0/90°, 30°/−60°, 45°/−45°, 0°/90°/45°/−45°) layers. PEI specimens were manufactured via 3D printer, and the mechanical behaviour (tensile, bending and hardness) of the printed parts was correlated with their structures. Morphological properties of tensile fracture surface of 3D printed samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis indicated that a 0° part deposition orientation offers optimal mechanical properties because of the bonding structure.
Mechanical performance and weldability of HARDOX 450/AISI 430 grade joined by TIG double-sided arc welding
Authors: Teker Tanju , Gençdoğan Denizer
Published: November 2022

AISI 430 and HARDOX 450 grades were combined using tungsten inert gas double-sided welding process. Microstructural changes were evaluated with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry, electron back scatter diffraction, elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical diffenrences of welded alloys were determined by tensile, notch impact and microhardness tests. Failure surfaces of tensile samples were examined by SEM. The maximum tensile strength was 513.59 MPa and the impact energy was 77 J at welding speed of 0.01 m min−1 at current of 475 A. The lowest hardness was determined in HAZ due to excessive grain size. Failure exhibited brittle fracture and cleavage planes.
Minimization of release bearing load loss in a clutch system for high-speed rotations using the differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Karaduman Alper , Lekesiz Huseyin , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: November 2022

Diaphragm spring is a critical part of a clutch system because it affects the release bearing load characteristics directly and that determines the quality of disengagement. Bearing load provides required clamping for coupling however it may vary significantly during the engagement/disengagement process. A significant drop in bearing load may be experienced especially for high engine velocities for certain bearing displacement due to centrifugal forces occurring on the fingertips of diaphragm springs. The falling in release bearing load is undesirable for comfortable driving and clutch performance. This problem has not been addressed clearly in technical literature. In this study, the diaphragm spring for a C-segment passenger car is optimized using a differential evolutionary algorithm, and an optimized diaphragm was manufactured for testing. The load-bearing characteristics of the optimized diaphragm were compared with those of the currently available diaphragm spring. Loss of bearing load occurring in high-speed rotations was significantly reduced for the optimized diaphragm. Parameters influencing the performance were identified using parameter influence analysis, and a robust disengagement behavior was actualized using the optimization process.
Multiaxial fatigue behavior of a 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy under proportional and nonproportional loading
Authors: Su Wei , Zhu Hong Mei
Published: November 2022

2198-T8 Al–Li alloy was examined under different loading path. Uniaxial and multiaxial proportional and nonproportional loading tests were conducted to determine the material fatigue constant, and to study the multiaxial fatigue behavior, respectively. The multiaxial fatigue life was estimated by various criteria. The results show that, the torsional fatigue performance is better than the tension–compression fatigue performance. The fatigue life of nonproportional loading increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of phase difference from 0° to 90°. Shear Findley model and SWT model were modified by introducing shear damage parameters. The modified models provide fine results which are all within a factor of two.
Effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary friction welded AISI 1018/AISI 1020 asymmetrical joints
Authors: Thirumalaikkannan Dhamothara Kannan , Paramasivam Sivaraj , Murugesan Seeman , Visvalingam Balasubramanian
Published: November 2022

Asymmetrical joints (joining of the plate with rod) were joined using traditional fusion welding processes. However, the usage of unsuitable filler wire tends to lower weld penetration over the material surface, which also results in the attainment of hot or solidification cracks over the weld surface. To overcome these issues, solid-state welding processes are preferable. This study investigates the rotary friction welding (RFW) of AISI 1018 low carbon steel plate with AISI 1020 low carbon steel rod of asymmetrical joints. The friction welding process parameters such as rotational speed were taken as variable, and other parameters like friction pressure, forging pressure, friction time, and forging time were kept constant in this investigation. The impact of rotational speed on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics of joints such as microhardness, tensile strength, and fractography studies was analyzed. The fractured surface of the tensile specimen was examined through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The maximum tensile strength of the joint about 452 MPa was observed. Maximum hardness at the weld interface was perceived at about 252Hv. Increasing rotational speed tends to increase the strength of the asymmetrical steel joints in rotary friction welding.
Hybrid pencil beam model based on photon characteristic line algorithm for lung radiotherapy in small fields
Authors: Cui Fengjie , Gu Shaoxian , Wang Ningyu , Yin Chuou , Zhang Shengyuan , Hu Jinyou , Cai Yunzhu , Wu Zhangwen , Gou Chengjun , Wang Jun
Published: November 2022

Hybrid pencil beam model (HPBM) based on photon characteristic line algorithm has been presented to get accurate three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution for lung radiotherapy in small fields. In the model, we introduced a scattering factor to accurately describe the transport behavior of scattered photons and secondary electrons, combined with the equivalent depth correction and the weighted density correction. The pencil beam kernels of heterogeneous lung phantoms were redefined by the scattering factor and depth dose for a reference field by photon characteristic line algorithm. Subsequently, the 3D dose distribution in lung phantoms with density of 0.1, 0.26, and 0.4 g/cm3, was calculated by the Finite-size pencil beam algorithm in five regular fields and an irregular field for 6 MV photon beam. The dose distributions obtained by the HPBM are in agreement with those obtained by the MC simulations, with a relative error of less than 3% in most of the cases. However, there are apparent discrepancies at media interfaces and lung anterior portion. Moreover, at media interfaces, relative dose errors of the two methods decrease with the increase in field size and lung density. The depth range in which relative errors is greater than 3% increases with the increase in field size at lung anterior portion. In these examples, maximum relative errors are between 5 and 29%. Nevertheless, it is shown that the HPBM based on photon characteristic line algorithm has potential research values in lung dose calculation under conditions of small fields.
DESCENDO O PACÍFICO RUMO AO SUL
Authors: Humberto Silva Maria Alice , Silva Pereira Gisele
Published: November 2022

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o conteúdo do programa Descendo o Pacífico, do canal de televisão Off, identificando a relação dos esportes de aventura com a prática, mesmo que involuntária, de um turismo sustentável. O roteiro necessário à coleta de dados foi elaborado a partir da adaptação feita por Silva e Cândido (2016) do Sistema de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade do Desenvolvimento do Turismo – SISDTur, proposto por Hanai (2009). A partir dos resultados, evidencia-se que a dimensão mais contemplada pelo programa foi a ambiental e a menos contemplada foi a econômica. Os resultados também revelam que os atletas de esportes de aventura vivenciam nas suas viagens a prática do turismo sustentável, mesmo que sua motivação principal nas viagens não seja o turismo. Além disso, o que podemos observar sobre o nosso Sul durante nossa pesquisa é que foi aqui onde encontraram a maior pluralidade e diversidade cultural e climática. A América do Sul é única, mas também é variada, em seus povos, na sua história, na sua geografia, no seu solo, em tudo.
A DILIGÊNCIA FRONTEIRIÇA E OS SÍMBOLOS URBANOS DE FACÇÕES CRIMINOSAS GAÚCHAS
Authors: Jeske Henrique , Kila de Queiroz Antonio Lourence
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tenciona aspectos observados em duas pesquisas realizadas no campo da sociologia e da geografia, ambas concentradas nas dinâmicas empreendidas por facções criminosas no Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio da metodologia hemerográfica para a análise de reportagens, a contribuição geográfica está estruturada em torno da comercialização ilegal de entorpecentes pelas facções criminosas e da importância da fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai neste processo. No tocante a sociologia, o acesso aos dados ocorreu por meio da realização de dez entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a indivíduos cujos interesses intelectuais, laborais ou existenciais circundam o mundo do crime, objetivando significar o fenômeno das marcações feitas por ou em nome de facções nos corpos de indivíduos e em áreas urbanas na cidade de Pelotas/RS. São articulados argumentos que auxiliem a observação e análise da atividade criminal dos coletivos atuantes no estado, com enfoque às dinâmicas identitárias engendradas no extremo sul do Brasil.
COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS
Authors: De Sant’Anna Alessandra , Amaral da Silva Carolline , Silva Fernandes Gabriel , Alberca Velasco Hilder , Lopes Brito Letícia , Acauan Lorentz Luísa , De Sousa Cruz Patricia Fernanda , Quintella Messina Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Neste trabalho, apontamos, a partir de diferentes experiências com comunidades tradicionais - em suas múltiplas e diversas territorialidades -, reflexões para a descolonização do planejamento territorial. São apresentados quatro casos – “Retomada Yjerê” (Porto Alegre/RS), “Pico do Jaraguá” (São Paulo/SP), “Aldeia dos Irredutíveis” (Maricá/RJ) e “Beiradão do Xingu” (Altamira e Vitória do Xingu/PA) – que se relacionam com as experiências de pesquisa e ativismo dos autores e autoras. Apesar de situadas em diferentes partes do território brasileiro e marcadas por suas particularidades, as experiências evidenciam as marcas da modernidade-colonialidade nas formas de produção do espaço, tanto por parte do Estado quanto por atores privados. Pretendemos, de tal forma, tecer problematizações à luz das discussões sobre a (des)colonização do pensamento e seus efeitos para compreensão das práticas urbanas e de planejamento que se erguem nos territórios apresentados neste trabalho, bem como do conteúdo simbólico que carregam consigo.
CASA FUKE-BARRETO
Authors: Both Evelise
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo pretende, a partir do estudo de caso de uma casa-ateliê localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, discutir e dar visibilidade à arte e principalmente à arquitetura produzida ao sul da América do Sul. Tal estudo deriva de uma pesquisa a respeito de casas-ateliê para artistas plásticos que engloba as regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Trata-se da Casa Fuke-Barreto, projeto do arquiteto gaúcho Flávio Kiefer para o casal de artistas plásticos Mauro Fuke e Lia Menna Barreto, na zona rural de Eldorado do Sul. Busca-se verificar a partir de uma análise arquitetônica, que particularidades emergem deste projeto, e sobretudo, como e quais relações estabelece com o local. Vislumbra-se que havendo um olhar sensível e um exercício minucioso de projeto, que respeite e preze pela conexão com o lugar, podem ser encontradas variadas – e genuínas – representações de uma arquitetura rio-grandense e de uma estética do frio.