bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINGLE-INSTANCE GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE VS. MANIFESTATION OF DISSATISFACTION WITH THE METHOD OF HANDLING THE COMPLAINT
Authors: Stotko Sybilla
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the procedure of grievance proceedings initiated as a result of a common complaint, which is essentially simplified, informalised and of single instance. This paper also discusses the adopted methods of handling complaints and presents the issues arising in situations where the complaining party attempts to challenge the received notification on the manner of handling the complaint, expressing dissatisfaction with the response received. Manifestation of dissatisfaction with the method the complaint is handled due to single-instance nature of the grievance procedure does not refer the case to the higher instance, and is not an institution regulated in the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure. Challenging the method of handling a complaint results in a new complaint and the initiation of another grievance procedure before the authority that reviewed the original complaint
RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: SEEKING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN THE RESOLUTION PROCESS
Authors: Derc Ewa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this publication is to bring the constitutional right to court, the concept of resolution as a response to crises in financial systems and the existence of a right to court in national legislation on the Bank Guarantee Fund, deposit guarantee scheme and forced restructuring. The article questions the correctness of the implementation of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014. establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/ EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which consequently deprives entities under national law of a number of powers under the rules of procedure before the administrative resolution authority and an administrative court. As a result, there is a violation of the right to a fair and public hearing of a case resulting from an administrative decision under the Act of 10 June 2016 on the Bank Guarantee Fund, Deposit Guarantee Scheme and Forced Restructuring, without undue delay by a competent, independent, impartial and independent court
Integração do Pensamento Computacional às Disciplinas da Educação Básica: uma Proposta de Aplicativo para Professores
Authors: Morais Barbara Silva , França Rozelma Soares , Falcão Taciana Pontual
Published: September 2021

Em pleno crescimento do uso e aproveitamento das ferramentas tecnológicas educacionais pelos professores, é necessária também a ampliação do ensino do Pensamento Computacional (PC). No entanto, os professores da educação básica necessitam de artefatos que os auxiliem para realização de atividades práticas que incluam conceitos e habilidades de diversas áreas. Nas atribuições dos cargos para o professor, muitas vezes não são levadas em consideração as suas necessidades. Neste contexto, apresentamos um aplicativo baseado nessas necessidades relacionadas à inserção do ensino do PC de forma multidisciplinar.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/wosXfPyH2j8
Desenvolvimento baseado em testes com aplicação de critérios de teste no ensino introdutório de computação
Authors: Grajefe Feitosa Yuri Rafael , Graciotto Silva Marco Aurélio , Fabri José Augusto
Published: September 2021

Estudos relatam dificuldades enfrentadas no ensino de programação para alunos iniciantes em cursos de graduação da área da Computação e afins. O teste de software pode contribuir nesse processo de aprendizagem e o TDD (Test-driven development) pode ser utilizado como uma forma de guiar a integração de teste de software com a programação, estabelecendo um plano de aprendizado de programação que tende a melhorar a capacidade do aluno de interpretar e resolver o problema computacional em questão. O objetivo do trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem para o ensino introdutório de programação considerando TDD com critérios de teste de software. A abordagem consiste no desenvolvimento iterativo de casos de teste e da implementação de soluções para um problema (tarefa de programação), com o escalonamento dos critérios de teste considerados a cada iteração. Desta forma, além de auxiliar a evolução da compreensão sobre um problema computacional e, consequentemente, na implementação de uma solução, os critérios podem contribuir para entender situações atípicas do espaço do problema e dos aspectos computacionais. Para avaliar os resultados desta abordagem, os alunos, após a instrução sobre conceitos computacionais e criação de casos de tese, resolverão tarefas de programação com níveis de dificuldade escalonado. Dos resultados, serão verificadas a qualidade das soluções implementadas e o desempenho dos alunos na disciplina. Espera-se que o resultado do desenvolvimento de casos de teste, considerando critérios de teste antes de iniciar a codificação, possa auxiliar os alunos a desenvolver a lógica da resolução do problema computacional de uma forma mais eficaz e, consequentemente, ter um melhor desempenho nas disciplinas introdutórias de programação.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/TQPpQB95tGU
Validação e análise de um inventário de conceitos sobre programação introdutória
Authors: Braz Ana Caroline da Rocha , Carvalho Leandro Silva Galvão de , Oliveira Elaine Harada Teixeira de , Oliveira David Braga Fernandes de , Pereira Filipe Dwan , Bittencourt Roberto Almeida , Santana Bianca Leite
Published: September 2021

Um inventário de conceitos (IC) é um conjunto de questões, abertas ou de múltipla escolha, com o intuito de identificar as concepções errôneas (em inglês, misconceptions) dos alunos sobre determinado tópico ou curso. Apesar de ICs serem amplamente utilizados em algumas áreas do conhecimento, existem poucas propostas na área Computação. Mais especificamente, no tópico de programação introdutória, não há instrumento validado para o português do Brasil e de uso aberto. Visto isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é a tradução e validação, para o português brasileiro, do Second CS1 Assessment (SCS1), um inventário proposto por Miranda Parker. A metodologia utilizada será a mesma proposta por ela em seu artigo publicado na conferência International Computing Education Research (ICER'16).Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/F9DgB8oRzBY
Sobre a necessidade de recursos educacionais para o ensino do Pensamento Computacional na Educação Básica Brasileira: discussão e concepção de Repositório Educacional do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Almeida Jailine Santana de , Conceição Diêgo Pereira da , Ferreira Adriano de Jesus , Rios Eneida Alves , Santana Camila Lima S. e , Durães Gilvan Martins
Published: September 2021

O Pensamento Computacional (PC) pode ser compreendido como um conjunto de habilidades inerentes ao raciocínio humano para a sistematização do conhecimento e a resolução de problemas em geral, fundamentado nos pilares da Abstração, Decomposição, Reconhecimento de Padrões e Algoritmos. Assim, nos últimos anos, especialmente após a inclusão do PC na Base Nacional Comum Curricular, o estímulo ao PC tem ganhado espaço no currículo da educação básica brasileira, desde a educação infantil ao ensino médio, se popularizado nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, o estímulo ao PC na educação básica requer o suporte de recursos educacionais. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre a relação entre os trabalhos científicos propostos na área do PC e a efetiva disponibilização de recursos educacionais do PC em Repositórios Educacionais Digitais. Para isto, são apresentados e discutidos os resultados de uma pesquisa sistemática dos recursos educacionais para o ensino do PC na educação básica, utilizando bases de dados científicas e repositórios nacionais de recursos educacionais públicos. Os resultados apontam para uma lacuna na disponibilização de tais recursos educacionais em repositórios digitais nacionais. Além disso, os repositórios nacionais analisados não dispõem de avaliação e categorização dos recursos segundo os quatro pilares do PC. Por fim, é apresentada a concepção de um repositório educacional temático para atender à demanda observada. O principal diferencial do repositório em proposição está no processo de curadoria e avaliação sistemática dos recursos específicos do PC, os classificando por área de conhecimento e de acordo os pilares do PC. Assim, argumenta-se que a discussão levantada nesta proposta e o repositório temático em concepção podem contribuir para maior e melhor utilização e produção de recursos educacionais do PC para a educação básica brasileira. Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/sy5ZdVnI2iI
Avaliação da Qualidade para Pesquisas em Educação em Engenharia de Software
Authors: Almeida Cleuton , França César
Published: September 2021

Contexto: A falta de rigor na pesquisa em Educação em Engenharia de Software que envolvem participantes humanos já foi examinada em pesquisas anteriores da literatura e pode resultar em evidências questionáveis. Objetivo: Melhorar as condições de planejamento das pesquisas em educação em Engenharia de Software com participantes humanos por meio de um Guideline. Metodologia: Para atingir esse objetivo será realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura para encontrar lacunas nos aspectos teóricos e metodológicos das pesquisas e Entrevistas com pesquisadores em educação em Engenharia de Software para o relatar os problemas encontrados nas pesquisas. Após, isso um Guideline será proposto através do método Grounded Theory e validado através de Grupos Focais e um Survey. E, por fim um Estudo de Caso será aplicado com pesquisadores em Educação em Engenharia de Software para apresentar as contribuições práticas do Guideline proposto.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/0F7jp42nE3I
Repositório Colaborativo para apoiar a adoção de Metodologias Ativas no Ensino de Programação
Authors: Calderon Ribeiro Ivanilse , Silva Williamson , Feitosa Eduardo Luzeiro
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apoiar professores da área de Computação na adoção de Metodologias Ativa de Aprendizagem no ensino de programação de computadores. Essas metodologias constituem um percurso metodológico onde o aluno é o protagonista do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Utilizamos a metodologia Design Science Research (DSR) para delimitar o problema de pesquisa, o desenvolvimento, a avaliação e a evolução do artefato. A proposta inicial é desenvolver um repositório colaborativo aberto onde os instrutores possam identificar, selecionar, adaptar, discutir, compartilhar, comentar, avaliar e possivelmente colaborar com (novas ou não) metodologias ativas de aprendizagem utilizadas no ensino de programação de computadores. O professor identificará e escolherá a melhor metodologia de aprendizagem ativa para o seu contexto de ensino com o repositório aberto, atendendo às suas necessidades pedagógicas. Além disso, o repositório também fornecerá um conjunto de diretrizes que terão orientações passo a passo para orientar os instrutores durante a adoção de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/oELMbhuv2hM
Editorial dos Anais Estendidos do EduComp 2021
Authors: Bittencourt Roberto Almeida , Bispo Junior Esdras Lins , Scaico Pasqueline Dantas , de França Rozelma Soares
Published: September 2021

O Simpósio Brasileiro de Educação em Computação (EduComp) é um evento anual promovido pela Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC) através do Grupo de Interesse em Educação em Computação (GIEC). O evento tem por objetivos divulgar a produção científica nacional na área de educação em computação e proporcionar um ambiente para a troca de experiências e ideias entre pesquisadores, estudantes, professores e demais cidadãos interessados, brasileiros e estrangeiros.
Ästhetische Forschung
Authors: Kämpf-Jansen Helga
Published: September 2021

Helga Kämpf-Jansen shows how prescientific experience, artistic strategies and scientific knowledge can be united. The book is addressed to all those who are interested in current questions regarding aesthetics but do not have extensive knowledge of current art, aesthetic discourses or questions on artistic productivity. It offers helpful knowledge on artists, on aspects of everyday aesthetics and on questions of perception. It refers to the known and tries to capture what is worth considering in order to connect it in new ways. It demonstrates how with great interest and personal benefits new experiences can be made with artistic activity and scientific thinking in universities, schools and other areas of aesthetic work.
Accessible Learning Management System (LMS) for Disabled People: Project Development Based on Accessibility Guidelines, Gamification, and Design Thinking Strategies
Authors: Enrico Schimmelpfeng Leonardo , Ribas Ulbricht Vania
Published: September 2021

We live in a time of expansion and popularization of the processes of acquisition, retention, and sharing of knowledge in virtual media. Platforms geared towards digital learning now play a fundamental role in mediating knowledge processes. Many of them already use gamification with the use of game elements to increase engagement and stimulate the participants’ immersion and flow status. But in addition to the development of dynamic platforms that enhance learning, it is essential that they are accessible to disabled people, allowing gamification resources and interactions between participants to be used by any audience, including people with visual and hearing disabilities. From this premise, this research problematizes the need to think from the initial project on the accessibility tools of an LMS following the recommendations prepared by groups such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Global Learning Consortium (GLC), including Web Accessibility Initiative - World Wide Web Consortium (WAI-W3C), IMS GLC - Accessibility Guidelines (IMS GLC-ACC) and Web Accessibility Initiative - Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). In addition to studies for the development of accessible LMS, this research also presents the use of gamification strategies and design thinking in the development process, also using the method called Design Science Research to define the steps, thus seeking to promote engagement and immersion of the team, stimulating practical experiences with the gamification process. For the result, the proposal for the development of accessible LMS based on gamification and design thinking strategies is presented, with explicit use in the phases of empathy, definition, and ideation.
Norovirus Structure and Classification
Authors: Rani Manisha , Rajyalakshmi Sushma , Pakalapaty Sunitha , Kammilli Nagamani
Published: September 2021

Norovirus are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Diarrheal disease is now the fourth common cause of mortality children under the age of 5 years but remain the 2nd most cause of morbidity. NoV are associated with 18% diarrheal diseases worldwide where rotavirus vaccinations has been successfully introduced. NoV has become major cause of gastroenteritis in children. NoV belong to family caliciviridae. They are non-enveloped, single stranded positive sense RNA Viruses. The genome consists of 3 Open reading frames, ORF-1 codes for non-structural protein, ORF-2 codes for major capsid protein VP1 and ORF-3 for minor capsid protein VP2. Based on sequence difference of the capsid gene (VP1), NoV have been classified in to seven genogroup GI-GVII with over 30 genotypes. Genogroups I, II, IV are associated with human infection. Despite this extensive diversity a single genotype GII.4 has been alone to be the more prevalent. Basic epidemiological disease burden data are generated from developing countries. NoV are considered fast evolving viruses and present an extensive diversity that is driven by acquisition of point mutations and recombinations. Immunity is strain or genotype specific with little or no protection conferred across genogroups. Majority of outbreaks and sporadic norovirus cases worldwide are associated with a single genotype, GII.4 which was responsible for 62% of reported NoV outbreaks in 5 continents from 2001 to 2007. GII.4 variants have been reported as major cause of global gastroenteritis pandemics starting in 1995 frequent emergence of novel GII.4 variants is known to be due to rapid evolution and antigenic variation in response to herd immunity. Novel GII.4 variants appear almost every 2 years. Recent GII.4 variant reported include Lordsdale 1996, Farmington Hills 2002, Hunter 2004, Yerseke 2006a, Den Haag 2006b, Apeldoon 2007, New Orleans 2009,most recently Sydney 2012. Detailed molecular epidemiologic investigation of NoV is associated for understanding the genetic diversity of NoV strain and emergence of novel NoV variants. However, reports have revealed that not all individuals develop symptoms and a significant proportion remains asymptomatic after NoV infections.
Corrosion: Favoured, Yet Undesirable - Its Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Authors: O. Olasunkanmi Lukman
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes the fundamentals of metal corrosion in relation to thermodynamics and kinetics. The chapter is so titled, because corrosion of metal is thermodynamically favourable. Moreover, it impacts negatively on economy and safety. Industries expend a substantial percentage of their budgets on corrosion control, and lose revenue due to corrosion damage. Effects of corrosion on industrial and public infrastructure cannot be overemphasized. Several accidents in the transportation and recreational industries have been linked to corrosion of metallic parts of respective gadgets. Some of these accidents are utterly catastrophic and fatal. Therefore, corrosion, albeit its thermodynamic favouability, is not desired by man. Metals corrode as a way of minimizing energy contents. Active metals are more stable in combined forms such as oxides, sulphides, and hydroxides, even though these forms are less useful to man. It appears the “price” to pay for extracting the pure forms of these metals from their ores is corrosion. This chapter presents fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics of metal corrosion, with emphasis on aqueous medium. It promises to serve as an introductory chapter for corrosion science students and as a concise material for tutors.
Novel Non-Thermal Processing Technologies: Impact on Food Phenolic Compounds during Processing
Authors: Ampofo Josephine , Ngadi Michael
Published: September 2021

In recent times, food consumption has advanced beyond simply meeting growth and development needs to include the supply of ingredients that can protect against diseases. Among such non-nutritive ingredients are phenolic compounds. These are benzene-ringed secondary metabolites produced in plants upon exposure to environmental stress. Previous studies have linked phenolic compounds to bioactive benefits (e.g., antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer) with these bioactivities dependent on their biochemical structure and concentrations of individual phenolic compounds present in the food system. However, majority of plant foods are thermally processed into ready-to-eat forms, with these processing methods potentially altering the structure and subsequent bioactivities of endogenous phenolic compounds. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to highlight on emerging non-thermal novel technologies (such as pulsed electric field, radiation, ultrasonication, high hydrostatic pressure processing and high pressure carbon dioxide processing) that can be exploited by the food industry to preserve/enhance bioactivities of phenolic compounds during processing.
The Data Evaluation of Interlaboratory Comparisons for Calibration Laboratories
Authors: Velychko Oleh , Gordiyenko Tetyana
Published: September 2021

National accreditation agencies in different countries have set quite strict requirements for accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories. Interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) are a form of experimental verification of laboratory activities to determine technical competence in a particular activity. Successful results of conducting ILCs for the laboratory are a confirmation of competence in carrying out certain types of measurements by a specific specialist on specific equipment. To obtain reliable results of ILC accredited laboratories, it is necessary to improve the methods of processing these results. These methods are based on various data processing algorithms. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the most optimal method of processing the obtained data, which would allow to obtain reliable results. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the calibration laboratories (CLs) when evaluating the results of ILС. Such features are related to the need to provide calibration of measuring instruments for testing laboratories. The evaluation results for ILCs for CLs are presented. The results for all participants of ILCs were evaluated using the En and z indexes. The obtained results showed that for the such ILCs it is also necessary to evaluate the data using the z index also.
Building Organisation-Community Relationships in Co-Creative Social Networking Platforms: An Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: Kang Kyeong , Namisango Fatuma
Published: September 2021

Nonprofit organisations use social networking platforms to interact, engage, and build productive relationships with target audiences for co-created outcomes. This chapter pursues two interrelated objectives: First, it identifies key stages in the growth of organisation-community relationships on co-creative social networking platforms. Second, it discusses the multi-levelled factors influencing these relationships at the respective stages. To achieve these objectives, we make a general review of scholarship on nonprofit use of social media, social networking platforms for co-creation, and organisation-public relationships on social media. We used the ecological systems perspective to identify the internal and external environmental influences on organisational relationships in social networking platforms. This chapter presents three abstract stages of organisation-community relationships: emergence, growth, and collapse, based on existing empirical observations and theoretical perspectives. We reveal four levels of ecological-based factors that influence different stages of organisation-community relationships on co-creative social networking platforms. We indicate the potentially strong and weaker influences on organisational relationships.
Potassium and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kant Shawn , W. Sellke Frank , Feng Jun
Published: September 2021

Potassium homeostasis affects cardiac rhythm and contractility, along with vascular reactivity and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. This chapter will focus on potassium dynamics during and after cardiac surgery involving cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Hyperkalemic, hypothermic solutions are frequently used to induce cardioplegic arrest and protect the heart during cardiac surgery involving CPB. Common consequences of hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion include microvascular dysfunction involving several organ systems and myocardial dysfunction. Immediately after CPB, blood potassium levels often drop precipitously due to a variety of factors, including CPB -induced electrolyte depletion and frequent, long-term administration of insulin during and after surgery. Meanwhile, some patients with pre-existing kidney dysfunction may experience postoperative hyperkalemia following cardioplegia. Any degree of postoperative hyper/hypokalemia significantly elevates the risk of cardiac arrythmias and subsequent myocardial failure. Therefore, proper management of blood potassium levels during and after cardioplegia/CPB is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes following cardiac surgery.
Institutional Accreditation and the Professionalisation of Teaching in the HE Sector
Authors: Spowart Lucy , Turner Rebecca
Published: September 2021

Institutional accreditation is an integral part of moves to professionalise teaching and learning in higher education (HE). Despite this growing trend, there is a paucity of literature which examines the benefits and challenges of institutional accreditation. In this chapter we draw on survey data collected in 2020 from 55 HE institutions globally which are accredited by Advance HE to award Fellowships. These teaching Fellowships are aligned to the UK Professional Standards Framework for Teaching and Supporting Learning (UKPSF). Findings show that institutional accreditation supports the career development of teaching-focused academics and impacts on teaching and learning in a number of ways. These impacts include providing an external benchmark, raising the profile and quality of teaching and encouraging teaching-related professional development, including engagement with scholarship in teaching and learning. Accreditation was also found to align with neoliberal agendas of quality, league tables and marketization. The perennial issue of how to evaluate the impact on student learning is something respondents continue to grapple with. Finally, these data demonstrate there is a clear need to develop a more systematic and embedded approach to evaluation that captures the outcomes of teaching-related professional development.
Skeletal Sarcoidosis
Authors: Nel Henco , Gabbay Eli
Published: September 2021

Osseous sarcoidosis is an uncommon manifestation, reported in 3–13% of patients with sarcoidosis. Although older literature suggested that hands and feet are most commonly affected, axial bone involvement may be more common than previously reported, since earlier studies relied mostly on plain X-rays, which may be less sensitive for axial bone lesions. Newer imaging modalities such as MRI and PET/CT scanning have demonstrated a larger incidence of vertebral involvement. Bone lesions are commonly asymptomatic and patients who have bone involvement may have higher incidences of multi-organ involvement. Osseous sarcoidosis appears to be mainly osteolytic in nature, but the radiographic appearance may be indistinguishable from other osteolytic lesions and therefore a biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. The histological findings of sarcoidosis in the bone are the same as in other tissues of the body. No general consensus exists for the treatment of bone sarcoidosis but corticosteroids are the most commonly prescribed first-line drugs. Methotrexate is the most widely studied steroid-sparing agent for sarcoidosis and it has been reported useful for a variety of organ symptoms, but especially where there is bone involvement.
Development of Graphene Based Cobalt-Ferrites Nanocomposites for Microwave Shielding
Authors: Siyar Muhammad , Maqsood Asghari
Published: September 2021

The study is related to cobalt ferrites nanocomposites embedded with graphene nanosheets, prepared by co-precipitation method. Various doping of graphene from 0.1% up to 1% were applied within the cobalt ferrite structure to study its microwave and mechanical effects on the nanocomposites. Microstructural analysis confirms the homogeneous dispersion and successful adhesion of graphene nanosheets within the cobalt ferrite matrix. Microwave absorbing capacity of these samples was studied by Agilent network analyzer in low frequency band of microwave (1MHz to 2 GHz), Results reveals that graphene incorporation not only improved the absorption capacity of cobalt ferrites (13dB-17d), but also widened its maximum absorption peak. This change was supposed to be due to inhomogeneity and combine effects of electric (graphene), and magnetic dielectric nature (cobalt ferrites). Further mechanical characterizations reveal that our composites samples have higher flexural strength (19.92 MPa for 1% loading) and improved toughness (>6000 J/mm2) compare to pure cobalt ferrites (10.28 MPa, 1000 J/mm2).
The Effects of Linoleic Acid Consumption on Lipid Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Froyen Erik
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one contributor to death in the United States and worldwide. Lipid risk markers for CVD include high serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), lipoprotein (a), and triglycerides, as well as low serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additional factors to assess CVD risk include apolipoprotein A (associated with HDL) and apolipoprotein B (associated with LDL). A suggested dietary strategy to decrease these risk factors is to replace a portion of saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids – especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). One PUFA, in particular, is the essential omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid, which has been demonstrated to affect these CVD risk markers. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the effects of linoleic acid consumption on lipid risk markers for CVD in healthy individuals, the associated mechanisms, and dietary recommendations to decrease CVD risk.
Evaluation of Epidemic Prevention Abilities for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in South Korea
Authors: Saeed Umar , Zahid Piracha Zahra , Rizwan Uppal Sara , Uppal Rizwan
Published: September 2021

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) preferentially infects respiratory tract cells, but it has organotropism. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is significantly distinct from common cold and SARS coronavirus. In past few years, the SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV caused several deaths in South Korea. The aim of current study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV awareness and epidemic prevention ability in South Koreans.According to our results, out of 1500 participants, 98.8% and 64.3% were aware of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, respectively. Moreover, 97% of the participants used masks for prevention of airborne diseases, while 65.3% of the participants reused the same mask for several days. In addition, 50% of the participants were not satisfied with the government support. Future viral epidemics can be prevented by disseminating advanced knowledge and awareness among general public.
Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Organ Donation and Transplantation Activities in Iran
Authors: Latifi Marzieh , Bagherpour Farzaneh , Jafarian Arefeh , Hamidiyeh Amirali , Javandoost Ehsan , Mansouri Zeinab , Pourhosien Maryam , Tirgar Niloufar , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Dehghani Sanaz
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on reducing organ transplantation activities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the donation and transplantation activities before and after COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. Methods: This retrospective study compared the donation and transplantation activities in two specific 9-month periods (average period of March - December 2019 Vs. March - December 2020). The questionnaire included the numbers of brain death confirmations, family consents, organ recoveries, and transplanted solid organs. The questionnaire was sent by email to the chief executive of the organ procurement unit. Results: A total of 15 organ procurement units responded to the survey. The largest reduction was seen in tissue transplantations (62.5%) during two time intervals. Brain death due to head trauma significantly decreased in two time intervals and suicide increased by 14.44% during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2018-2019 period. Significant reductions between the median of donation (P = 0.0187), median of potential donor (P = 0.005), median of family consent (P = 0.002), and median of eligible donor (P = 0.009) were observed during the two time periods. Conclusions: A significant reduction was observed in organ donation and transplantation during COVID-19 pandemic. Developing protocols and establishing new strategies for evaluation of organ donation to ensure the safety of organ recipients and medical staff is necessary.
SIPA1 boosts migration and proliferation, and blocks apoptosis of glioma by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway
Authors: Du Yuan , Li Shenglan , Zhou Tong , Zhao Jing , Liu Jiguang
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to analyze the regulatory effects of SIPA1 (signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1) on glioma progression and the dominant signaling pathway. Methods: Differential level of SIPA1 in glioma and normal tissues and cells was determined. Migratory, proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle progression changes in A172 cells with overexpression or knockdown of SIPA1 were examined. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells intervened by SIPA1, and the FAK inhibitor PF562271 were detected. Results: SIPA1 was upregulated in glioma cases. Knock-down of SIPA1 reduced migratory and proliferative rates of glioma cells, increased apoptotic cell rate, and declined cell ratio in the S phase. The knockdown of SIPA1 also downregulated cell cycle proteins. In addition, SIPA1 upregulated phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells and thus boosted malignant phenotypes of glioma. Conclusions: SIPA1 is upregulated in glioma that boosts migratory and proliferative potentials of glioma cells by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway.
Hvad skjuler øjnene bag kameraet
Authors: Heide Mette
Published: September 2021

I slutningen af James Bond-filmen For Your Eyes Only er agent 007 alene med en „pige“.

Hun lader sin badekabe falde ned fra skuldrene og siger til ham: „or your eyes only“.

Det er meget pracist, for publikum far ikke lov til at se, hvad Bond har blik for. Kameraet

viser nemlig ikke den til lejligheden udvalgtes hemmeligheder. Lignende

afslutningssekvenser er velkendte fra andre James Bondfilm. Han ser noget, som kameraet

skjuler for publikums blik. Tilskueren er hensat til at give fantasien frit lob.

De overordnede kategorier, man filmteoretisk kan inddele blikke i, er skuespillernes,

kameraets og publikums blik. Skuespillernes blikke er rettet mod andre aktorer eller

objekter, som kan vare inden for eller uden for billedfeltet. Billedfeltet er det, kameraets

oje har indfanget, og det er det oje, der leder publikums blik.

Publikums blik er af en rakke teoretikere blevet opfattet som et blik, der indeholder

mere end blot det at beskue en filmisk fortalling. Blikket er blevet karakteriseret som

voyeuristisk.1 Et blik, der beskuer noget, som er synligt. Noget, der i sin struktur lader sig

vare synligt, men som ikke afslorer, at det bliver beskuet. Publikum kan se uden at blive

intimideret i sin skuelyst.

Nu skal denne artikel ikke dreje sig om, hvordan publikum ser, og hvorfor det ser.

Det, der vil blive fokuseret pa, er det konkrete blik, der viser sig i fiktionsfilm. Det vil

sige skuespillernes og sekundart kameraets blik. I det folgende skal det dog indledningsvis

uddybes, hvorfor publikums kiggeri ikke afslores. Kilden til det trak skal

nemlig findes i konventionen for skuespillernes blikke. I forlangelse af dette vil det kort

blive belyst, hvordan blikke i faktaformidling afviger fra fiktionsfilmens blikkonventioner.

Herefter vil blikkets funktioner som synshandling og synsmade i fiktionsfilm

mere grundigt blive belyst i forhold til en film, nemlig Hitchcocks Skjulte øjne fra 1954.
Kannibalernes klaptræ - og andre smuler til en optisk encyclopædi
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

Vores kunst er dét, som øjnene tænker

- Cézanne

 

Videnskaben tanker med blikket. Blikket vandrer rundt i forskningens landskab og

udsoger sig forskningsobjekter, idet „vi med øjnene følger tingenes egne bevagelser og

konturer" (Merleau-Ponty 1969: 269, fremhav, orig.). Men hvis ojnene selv tanker,

sadan som Cezanne siger det, sa er de maske ikke vore tro tjenere? Maske tanker de om

hjorner med os? Blikket har spillet en overordentlig rolle i de seneste par arhundreders

videnskabelighed og ikke kun som metafor i skikkelse af overblik, indblik, klarhed og

evidens. Blikket er et af de allervasentligste redskaber i forskningen, et redskab som pa

en gang er personligt, palideligt og praktisk, fordi det sa at sige altid er ved handen. Vi

stotter os tillidsfuldt til blikket.

Det har ganske vist lange varet et anerkendt faktum, at der findes forskellige synsvinkler

(og at meget afhanger af dem), men den mulige eksistens af virkeligt forskellige

blikke har varet temmelig underbetonet uden for de bildende kunster og forskningsdiscipliner

som kunsthistorie og filmvidenskab.3 Men de meldinger, som kommer herfra,

har til gengald lange varet sa forstyrrende, at det ma give anledning til overvejelser. Det

lader nemlig til, at der ganske afgjort findes fundamentalt forskellige blikke. Det er indtil

videre ikke fastslaet, hvordan disse blikke forholder sig til hinanden. I det folgende vil

jeg derfor foresla en slags encyclopadisk tilgang til blikkenes variationer. Altsa et

ordningsprincip, som ikke uden videre hierarkiserer optikkeme.
Marcus Banks: Organizing Jainism in India and England
Authors: Madsen Stig Toft
Published: September 2021

Marcus Banks: Organizing Jainism in India and England

Anmeldes af Stig Toft Madsen
Staf Callewaert: Kultur, pædagogik og videnskab. Habitusbegrebet og praktikteorien hos Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Schade-Poulsen Marc
Published: September 2021

Staf Callewaert: Kultur, pædagogik og videnskab. Habitusbegrebet og praktikteorien hos Pierre Bourdieu

Anmeldes af Marc Schade-Poulsen
Esther Fihl & Jens Pinholt (red.): Livsformer og kultur: Antropologi i praktisk anvendelse
Authors: Sjørslev Jens
Published: September 2021

Esther Fihl & Jens Pinholt (red.): Livsformer og kultur: Antropologi i praktisk anvendelse

Anmeldes af Jens Sjørslev
Alfred Gell: Wrapping in Images: Tatooing in Polynesia
Authors: Wolff Bente
Published: September 2021

Alfred Gell: Wrapping in Images: Tatooing in Polynesia

Anmeldes af Bente Wolff
Heilbronn-like sums and their properties
Authors:   College of Mathematical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Saydi H. , Darafsheh M. R. ,   School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran
Published: September 2021

Heilbronn sums is of the form H_p(a)=\underset{l=1}{\overset{p-1}{\sum}}e(\dfrac{al^p}{p^2}), where p is an odd prime, and e(x)=\exp(2\pi ix). This is a supercharacter and has application in number theory. We extend this sum by defining D_p(a)=\underset{l=1}{\overset{p-1}{\sum}}e(\dfrac{al^p}{p^3}), where p is an odd prime and prove that D_p(a) is a supercharacter and drive a few identities involving D_p(a).
On Vandiver’s arithmetical function – I
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Babes-Bolyai University, Sándor József
Published: September 2021

We study certain properties of Vandiver’s arithmetic function V(n) = \prod_{d|n} (d+1).
On evolving chains of cube-free binary sequences
Authors:   Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Kowalski Jacek M. , Pękalski Andrzej ,   Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław
Published: September 2021

Chains of concatenated finite binary words are considered, where each word, except possibly the very first one, is composed of alternating blocks of zeroes and ones with block lengths not exceeding two. These chains are formed following two evolution schemes. The first scheme is standard, where alternating blocks are visited at random. In the second approach, proposed by us in this paper, each subsequent word of the chain is uniquely determined by its immediate predecessor, being formed as a specifically inflated version of that word. Famous Kolakoski sequence is then just one, very special example of such deterministic evolution when one starts from its third element. We present heuristic arguments supported by simulations indicating that all such deterministic infinite chains should have the asymptotic density of digit 1 equal 1/2 and that the subsequent word lengths asymptotically scale with factor of 3/2 and hence the density of 1’s in subsequent finite words may also tend to 1/2.
ACLY ubiquitination by CUL3-KLHL25 induces the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism to facilitate iTreg differentiation
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Hao Fengqi , Jin Xin , Sun Xue , Jiang Ying , Wang Yang , Li Dan , Chang Tianyi , Zou Yingying , Peng Pinghui , Xia Chaoyi , Liu Jia , Li Yuanxi , Wang Ping , Feng Yunpeng , Wei Min
Published: September 2021

Inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells play a central role in immune suppression. As iTreg cells are differentiated from activated T (Th0) cells, cell metabolism undergoes dramatic changes, including a shift from fatty acid synthesis (FAS) to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Although the reprogramming in fatty acid metabolism is critical, the mechanism regulating this process during iTreg differentiation is still unclear. Here we have revealed that the enzymatic activity of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) declined significantly during iTreg differentiation upon transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. This reduction was due to CUL3-KLHL25-mediated ACLY ubiquitination and degradation. As a consequence, malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate in FAS that is capable of inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in FAO, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), was decreased. Therefore, ACLY ubiquitination and degradation facilitate FAO and thereby iTreg differentiation. Together, we suggest TGFβ1-CUL3-KLHL25-ACLY axis as an important means regulating iTreg differentiation and bring insights into the maintenance of immune homeostasis for the prevention of immune diseases.
Dual expression of Atoh1 and Ikzf2 promotes transformation of adult cochlear supporting cells into outer hair cells
Authors: Sun Suhong , Li Shuting , Luo Zhengnan , Ren Minhui , He Shunji , Wang Guangqin , Liu Zhiyong
Published: September 2021

Mammalian cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are essential for hearing. Severe hearing impairment follows OHC degeneration. Previous attempts at regenerating new OHCs from cochlear supporting cells (SCs) have been unsuccessful, notably lacking expression of the key OHC motor protein, Prestin. Thus, regeneration of Prestin+ OHCs represents a barrier to restore auditory function in vivo. Here, we reported the successful in vivo conversion of adult mouse cochlear SCs into Prestin+ OHC-like cells through the concurrent induction of two key transcriptional factors known to be necessary for OHC development: Atoh1 and Ikzf2. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the upregulation of 729 OHC genes and downregulation of 331 SC genes in OHC-like cells. The resulting differentiation status of these OHC-like cells was much more advanced than previously achieved. This study thus established an efficient approach to induce the regeneration of Prestin+ OHCs, paving the way for in vivo cochlear repair via SC transdifferentiation.
Environmental fluctuations reshape an unexpected diversity-disturbance relationship in a microbial community
Authors: Mancuso Christopher P , Lee Hyunseok , Abreu Clare I , Gore Jeff , Khalil Ahmad S
Published: September 2021

Environmental disturbances have long been theorized to play a significant role in shaping the diversity and composition of ecosystems. However, an inability to specify the characteristics of a disturbance experimentally has produced an inconsistent picture of diversity-disturbance relationships (DDRs). Here, using a high-throughput programmable culture system, we subjected a soil-derived bacterial community to dilution disturbance profiles with different intensities (mean dilution rates), applied either constantly or with fluctuations of different frequencies. We observed an unexpected U-shaped relationship between community diversity and disturbance intensity in the absence of fluctuations. Adding fluctuations increased community diversity and erased the U-shape. All our results are well-captured by a Monod consumer resource model, which also explains how U-shaped DDRs emerge via a novel ‘niche flip’ mechanism. Broadly, our combined experimental and modeling framework demonstrates how distinct features of an environmental disturbance can interact in complex ways to govern ecosystem assembly and offers strategies for reshaping the composition of microbiomes.
The cooperative binding of TDP-43 to GU-rich RNA repeats antagonizes TDP-43 aggregation
Authors: Rengifo-Gonzalez Juan Carlos , El Hage Krystel , Clément Marie-Jeanne , Steiner Emilie , Joshi Vandana , Craveur Pierrick , Durand Dominique , Pastré David , Bouhss Ahmed
Published: September 2021

TDP-43 is a nuclear RNA-binding protein that forms neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in two major neurodegenerative diseases, ALS and FTLD. While the self-assembly of TDP-43 by its structured N-terminal and intrinsically disordered C-terminal domains has been widely studied, the mechanism by which mRNA preserves TDP-43 solubility in the nucleus has not been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that tandem RNA recognition motifs of TDP-43 bind to long GU-repeats in a cooperative manner through intermolecular interactions. Moreover, using mutants whose cooperativity is impaired, we found that the cooperative binding of TDP-43 to mRNA may be critical to maintain the solubility of TDP-43 in the nucleus and the miscibility of TDP-43 in cytoplasmic stress granules. We anticipate that the knowledge of a higher order assembly of TDP-43 on mRNA may clarify its role in intron processing and provide a means of interfering with the cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43.
Aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip reveals impaired mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic target for aortic aneurysm in bicuspid aortic valve disease
Authors: Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Zhu Shichao , Yan Shiqiang , Xu Kehua , Zhang Jingjing , Luo Shaman , Ma Wenrui , Alam Md Fazle , Tang Yuyi , Huang Hui , Chen Nan , Wang Li , Yan Guoquan , Li Jun , Lai Hao , Wang Chunsheng , Zhu Kai , Zhang Weijia
Published: September 2021

Background:

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular disease in general population and is frequently associated with the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). There is no effective strategy to intervene with TAA progression due to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. Insufficiency of NOTCH1 expression is highly related to BAV-TAA, but the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified.

Methods:

A comparative proteomics analysis was used to explore the biological differences between non-diseased and BAV-TAA aortic tissues. A microfluidics-based aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model was constructed to evaluate the effect of NOTCH1 deficiency on contractile phenotype and mitochondrial dynamics of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs).

Results:

Protein analyses of human aortic tissues showed the insufficient expression of NOTCH1 and impaired mitochondrial dynamics in BAV-TAA. HAoSMCs with NOTCH1-knockdown exhibited reduced contractile phenotype and were accompanied by attenuated mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, we identified that mitochondrial fusion activators (leflunomide and teriflunomide) or mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) partially rescued the disorders of mitochondrial dynamics in HAoSMCs derived from BAV-TAA patients.

Conclusions:

The aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model simulates the human pathophysiological parameters of aorta biomechanics and provides a platform for molecular mechanism studies of aortic disease and related drug screening. This aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model and human tissue proteomic analysis revealed that impaired mitochondrial dynamics could be a potential therapeutic target for BAV-TAA.

Funding:

National Key R and D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.