bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cities, Natures and the Political Imaginary
Authors: Kaika Maria , Swyngedouw Erik
Published: July 2012

Despite the seeming accumulation of natural and manmade disasters over the last decade, and increasing urban intensification across the world, there seems to be little or no actual progress in solving urban ecological problems. In exploring a way forward, Maria Kaika and Erik Swyngedouw highlight three potential approaches to urban socio‐ecological research and how these might provide a conduit for re‐politicising urban nature.
Everything We Need: Scarcity, Scale, Hyperobjects
Authors: Morton Timothy
Published: July 2012

Scarcity as a concept places an emphasis on limits and the restrictions that there might be on the supply of resources, energy and materials. Timothy Morton, who is Professor of English at the University of California, Davis, and has written extensively on philosophy and ecology, among other subjects, questions philosophically this emphasis on limits and the contemporary tendency to need to quantify everything around us. He urges us to ‘look beyond those artificial boundaries’ and ‘find abundance’.
Almost All Right: Vienna's Social Housing Provision
Authors: Rumpfhuber Andreas , Klein Michael , Kolmayr Georg
Published: July 2012

The aim of social housing is to manage scarcity by providing affordable accommodation for everyone. Responding to shifts in demand, it also has to adapt to ever‐changing economic, political and social conditions. Here, Andreas Rumpfhuber, Michael Klein and Georg Kolmayr look at Vienna's social housing provision, which for over a century has been ‘dealing with scarcity and its ghosts in order to avoid its negative effects’.
New York City (Steady) State
Authors: Sorkin Michael
Published: July 2012

What would happen if New York became a self‐sufficient city state, entirely self‐reliant in terms of food, waste, energy, movement, manufacture, building, water and clean air? Michael Sorkin provides a masterplan for the metropolis with an ecological footprint that coincides with its political boundaries. Controversially, he explores the possibilities of urban autonomy and what the necessary steps might be in transforming a city's form.
No Frills and Bare Life: Cheapness and Democracy
Authors: Zaera‐Polo Alejandro
Published: July 2012

Alejandro Zaera‐Polo looks at the implication of ‘cheapness’ pursued by some of today's most successful companies, which deliver no‐frills services and products to the biggest number of customers possible. This is a strategy perhaps best exemplified by EasyJet and IKEA. Setting aside the impact on global warming, what implications does this approach have for democratisation and urbanisation? And what can architecture, in particular, learn from it at time when it is turning its back on its aspirations for the iconic and the grand visions of the first decade of this century.
Diet and physical activity among migrant Bougainvilleans in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Association with anthropometric measures and blood pressure
Authors: Vengiau Gwendalyn , Umezaki Masahiro , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Siba Peter , Watanabe Chiho
Published: July 2012

Objectives:

Obesity and hypertension are increasing in Papua New Guinea. This study investigated the association of dietary pattern and physical activity level with anthropometric measurements and blood pressure in migrant Bougainvilleans in the capital city of Port Moresby.

Methods:

Adults who had moved from Naasioi territory on Bougainville Island and resided in Port Moresby during the study period were studied (n = 70). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity, and dietary pattern was assessed by per week consumption frequency of food items.

Results:

The least square regression analysis revealed that interindividual variation in body mass index and waist circumference was explained by variations in physical activity but not by dietary pattern. Blood pressure was not associated with physical activity level or dietary pattern.

Conclusion:

The individual variation in anthropometric measurements in urban Papua New Guinea is mainly influenced by physical activity level. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intergenerational fertility correlations in contemporary developing counties
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: July 2012

Objectives:

To estimate the magnitude of intergenerational continuities in total and effective fertility among women in a group of 46 contemporary developing countries.

Methods:

Information collected from 93,000 women aged 45–49 for estimation of maternal mortality in the demographic and health surveys (DHS) program is analyzed using Pearson product moment intergenerational fertility correlations.

Results:

A positive but usually small intergenerational correlation is found for both completed fertility (CFS, total number of children born) and effective fertility (EFS, number of children surviving to age of reproduction). Although the developing countries are mainly located in sub‐Saharan Africa, a similar pattern appears to hold for the Asian and Latin American countries included. Women in the second generation with no education have a stronger relationship with their parents' fertility than women with some education. The relationship is also stronger in rural than in urban areas and in countries with lower levels of development.

Conclusions:

Intergenerational correlations of completed fertility in both generations are marginally stronger than for effective fertility largely because the number of a woman's total sibs is more strongly related to her subsequent childbearing than her number of adult sibs. Values of intergenerational correlations for these countries are similar to published values for a number of Western pretransitional populations, but well below values in contemporary developed societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudoaminopterin syndrome
Authors: Kraoua Lilia , Capri Yline , Perrin Laurence , Benmansour Abdelmajjid , Verloes Alain
Published: July 2012

Pseudoaminopterin syndrome or aminopterin syndrome‐like sine aminopterin (ASSA syndrome—OMIM 600325] is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome defined by characteristic dysmorphic features, skeletal defects, limb anomalies, cryptorchidism, and growth retardation. The syndrome owes its name to the fact that patients resemble the children exposed to aminopterin or to methotrexate, two dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors used for chemotherapy, or as an abortificient in early pregnancy. Ten patients have been described with pseudoaminopterin syndrome. Their phenotype is variable, and differs from the phenotype resulting from folic acid deprivation, leading to the notion that the pathogenesis may be more complex than simple vitamin deficiency. We report on an Algerian patient with pseudoaminopterin syndrome, review the previously reported cases and confirm that pseudoaminopterin syndrome does not result from a detectable contiguous gene imbalance as high resolution CGH array was normal in this child. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of the dispersion state and aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes on their electrical percolation threshold in a polymer
Authors: Bao Ha‐Da , Sun Yao , Xiong Zhuo‐Yue , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian
Published: July 2012

The electrical percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is correlated with their dispersion state and aspect ratio through modeling. An analytical percolation model based on excluded volume theory and developed for systems containing two types of fillers is used. CNTs are modeled as two types of fillers: single CNT and m‐CNT bundle, and a variable P representing the dispersion state of CNTs is introduced. An equation showing the effects of the dispersion state and aspect ratio on the electrical percolation threshold of CNTs is established and verified with some of the published experimental data. It is useful for predicting the conductive behavior of polymer/CNT composites and for the design of their processing conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Development of mixed matrix membranes for controlled release of ibuprofen
Authors: Algieri C. , Drioli E. , Donato L.
Published: July 2012

In this work was studied the effect of different zeolite topologies on the release of ibuprofen from mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The main parameters investigated were: zeolite concentration, its hydrophilic/hydrophobic character, and drug loading. About the different investigated systems, the PDMS NaX (I) membrane seems to be the most promising for its application as transdermal device. The release data were fitted with different mathematical models (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Bhaskar, and Korsemeyer‐Peppas) to give a possible explanation of the release mechanism of the drug from MMMs. The release data of the drug from pure PDMS membranes (PDMS IBU) were fitted by the Higuchi model (R2 pari a 0.97). In the case of MMMs, the correlation coefficients are very far from the unit value except for the PDMS NaX (I) system that obeys to the Korsmeyer–Peppas (0.98) and Bashkar (0.99) models. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reactive melt blending of PS‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Bianchi O. , Barbosa L.G. , Machado G. , Canto L. B. , Mauler R. S. , Oliveira R. V. B.
Published: July 2012

Hybrid nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) and methacryl phenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized by reactive melt blending in the mixing chamber of a torque rheometer using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a free radical initiator and styrene monomer as a chain transfer agent. The effects of mixing intensity and composition on the molecular structure and morphology of the PS‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. The degree of POSS hybridization (αPOSS) was found to increase with the POSS content, DCP/POSS ratio, and rotor speed. For the PS‐POSS materials processed in the absence of styrene monomer, an increase in the αPOSS led to a reduction in the molecular weight by PS chain scission, as a consequence of the free radical initiation. On the other hand, the use of styrene monomer as a chain transfer agent reduces the steric hindrance in the hybridization reaction between POSS and PS, enhancing the degree of POSS hybridization and avoiding PS degradation. The PS‐POSS morphology consists of nanoscale POSS clusters and particles and microscale crystalline POSS aggregates. PS‐POSS with higher αPOSS values and lower amounts of nonbound POSS showed improved POSS dispersion, characterized by smaller interfacial thickness (t) and greater Porod inhomogeneity lengths (lp). The processing‐molecular structure–morphology correlations analyzed in this study allow the POSS dispersion level in the PS‐POSS materials to be tuned by controlling the reactive melt blending through the choice of the processing conditions. These insights are very useful for the development of PS‐POSS materials with optimized performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers modified by quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Gliścińska Eulalia , Gutarowska Beata , Brycki Bogumił , Krucińska Izabella
Published: July 2012

Electrospinning from a capillary is one of the methods for the production of nanofibers. The specific properties of such fibers result first of all from their large specific surface and the high porosity of the fiber mat. This article presents a process for producing functional nanofibers with antimicrobiological properties by electrospinning from polyacrylonitrile/dimethyl sulphoxide solution containing a bioactive agent based on quaternary ammonium salts (N, N, n, n,‐didecyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonium chloride, Bis‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐dodecylamine) and 2‐propanol. The structure of the nanofibers obtained and their antimicrobial activity are investigated. A 5 wt % addition of bioactive preparation to the polymer solution (concentration of active substance in solution about 1.5 wt %) makes it possible to obtain fibers showing good bactericidal properties. After 6 h in contact with these fibers, Escherichia coli are eliminated to a level of 99.84% and Staphylococcus aureus to 99.99%. The IR spectrophotometric measurements do not indicate a residue of solvent in the bioactive nanofibers and show an increase in content of CH and CH2 groups in relation to the pure nanofibers, which is connected with the presence of the biocide. Their degree of crystallinity determined by the X‐ray scattering method is 44.4%. The nanofibers obtained can be designed for medical and filtration applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Syndiotactic polypropylene/microfibrous cellulose composites: Effect of filler size on tensile properties
Authors: Miyazaki Kensuke , Hamadate Masato , Terano Minoru , Nakatani Hisayuki
Published: July 2012

Syndiotactic polypropylene (SPP)/ethanol swelled microfibrous cellulose (MFC) composite was prepared by a melting mixer, and its morphology and tensile properties were studied. The scanning electron microscope microphotograph did not show the aggregated MFC part up to the 40 wt % MFC loading content, and the Young's modulus was exponentially increasing with the increase of the MFC loading content. These results suggested that the MFC was well‐dispersed in the SPP matrix by an ethanol surfactant work. The Young's modulus was much higher than that of the composite with commonly used fibrous cellulose and moreover, exceeded the theoretical one obtained from the Halpin‐Tsai equation. The differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements showed that the MFC acted as a good α‐nucleation agent for SPP. It was found that the excessive Young's modulus of the MFC composite was originated from an increase of that of the SPP matrix induced by the α‐nucleation effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Improved Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Second‐Order Mechanical Systems
Authors: Cong Binglong , Liu Xiangdong , Chen Zhen
Published: July 2012

This paper considers the tracking control problem for a class of second‐order mechanical systems with bounded uncertain parameters. A solution to the over‐adaptation problem in current adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) is presented by introducing a decay function in the sliding function definition. The switching gain generated by the proposed ASMC algorithm is significantly reduced as compared with current ASMC design. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The low‐lying singlet‐triplet transitions of phenylacetylene and styrene: Analysis of the vibronic structure
Authors: Swiderek Petra , Göötz Britta
Published: July 2012

The ground state (S0) and lowest triplet state (T1) geometries and normal coordinates of phenylacetylene and styrene have been calculated using the MCSCF method with 4‐31G basis set. Franck‐Condon factors derived from these results reproduce the vibronic structure of S0→T1 excitation spectra previously obtained by electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy. The analysis of the spectra shows that the excitation in phenylacetylene takes place within the ring with only minor contributions from the side group. The side group multiple C‐C bond is not noticably involved in the S0→T1 excitation. In styrene the excitation is mainly localized in the exocyclic part of the molecule. The spectra are therefore dominated by vibrations involving the stretching motion of the exocyclic C‐C bonds.
STUbLs in chromatin and genome stability
Authors: Garza Renee , Pillus Lorraine
Published: July 2012

Chromatin structure and function is based on the dynamic interactions between nucleosomes and chromatin‐associated proteins. In addition to the other post‐translational modifications considered in this review issue of Biopolymers, ubiquitin and SUMO proteins also have prominent roles in chromatin function. A specialized form of modification that involves both, referred to as SUMO‐targeted ubiquitin ligation, or STUbL [Perry, Tainer, and Boddy, Trends Biochem Sci, 2008, 33, 201–208], has significant effects on nuclear functions, ranging from gene regulation to genomic stability. Intersections between SUMO and ubiquitin in protein modification have been the subject of a recent comprehensive review [Praefcke, Hofmann, and Dohmen, Trends Biochem Sci, 2012, 37, 23–31]. Our goal here is to focus on features of enzymes with STUbL activity that have been best studied, particularly in relation to their nuclear functions in humans, flies, and yeasts. Because there are clear associations of disease and development upon loss of STUbL activities in metazoans, learning more about their function, regulation, and substrates will remain an important goal for the future. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 146–154, 2013.
Three‐dimensional nanocharacterization of porous hydrogel with ion and electron beams
Authors: Al‐Abboodi Aswan , Fu Jing , Doran Pauline M. , Chan Peggy P.Y.
Published: July 2012

Porous hydrogels provide an excellent environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration, with high permeability for oxygen, nutrients, and other water‐soluble metabolites through their high water‐content matrix. The ability to image three‐dimensional (3D) cell growth is crucial for understanding and studying various cellular activities in 3D context, particularly for designing new tissue engineering scaffold, but it is still challenging to study cell‐biomaterial interfaces with high resolution imaging. We demonstrate using focused ion beam (FIB) milling, electron imaging, and associated microanalysis techniques that novel 3D characterizations can be performed effectively on cells growing inside 3D hydrogel scaffold. With FIB‐tomography, the porous microstructures were revealed at nanometer resolution, and the cells grown inside. The results provide a unique 3D measurement of hydrogel porosity, as compared with those from porosimetry, and offer crucial insights into material factors affecting cell proliferation at specific regions within the scaffold. We also proved that high throughput correlative imaging of cell growth is viable through a silicon membrane based environment. The proposed approaches, together with the protocols developed, provide a unique platform for analysis of the microstructures of novel biomaterials, and for exploration of their interactions with the cells as well. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 318–326. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulfonyl Fluoride‐Based Prosthetic Compounds as Potential 18F Labelling Agents
Authors: Inkster James A. H. , Liu Kate , Ait‐Mohand Samia , Schaffer Paul , Guérin Brigitte , Ruth Thomas J. , Storr Tim
Published: July 2012

Nucleophilic incorporation of [18F]F− under aqueous conditions holds several advantages in radiopharmaceutical development, especially with the advent of complex biological pharmacophores. Sulfonyl fluorides can be prepared in water at room temperature, yet they have not been assayed as a potential means to 18F‐labelled biomarkers for PET chemistry. We developed a general route to prepare bifunctional 4‐formyl‐, 3‐formyl‐, 4‐maleimido‐ and 4‐oxylalkynl‐arylsulfonyl [18F]fluorides from their sulfonyl chloride analogues in 1:1 mixtures of acetonitrile, THF, or tBuOH and Cs[18F]F/Cs2CO3(aq.) in a reaction time of 15 min at room temperature. With the exception of 4‐N‐maleimide‐benzenesulfonyl fluoride (3), pyridine could be used to simplify radiotracer purification by selectively degrading the precursor without significantly affecting observed yields. The addition of pyridine at the start of [18F]fluorination (1:1:0.8 tBuOH/Cs2CO3(aq.)/pyridine) did not negatively affect yields of 3‐formyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenesulfonyl [18F]fluoride (2) and dramatically improved the yields of 4‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)benzenesulfonyl [18F]fluoride (4). The N‐arylsulfonyl‐4‐dimethylaminopyridinium derivative of 4 (14) can be prepared and incorporates 18F efficiently in solutions of 100 % aqueous Cs2CO3 (10 mg mL−1). As proof‐of‐principle, [18F]2 was synthesised in a preparative fashion [88(±8) % decay corrected (n=6) from start‐of‐synthesis] and used to radioactively label an oxyamino‐modified bombesin(6–14) analogue [35(±6) % decay corrected (n=4) from start‐of‐synthesis]. Total preparation time was 105–109 min from start‐of‐synthesis. Although the 18F‐peptide exhibited evidence of proteolytic defluorination and modification, our study is the first step in developing an aqueous, room temperature 18F labelling strategy.
Controllable Fabrication of TiO2 1D‐Nano/Micro Structures: Solid, Hollow, and Tube‐in‐Tube Fibers by Electrospinning and the Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Lang Leiming , Wu Di , Xu Zheng
Published: July 2012

The solid, hollow, and tube‐in‐tube porous nanofiber structures of TiO2 are synthesized successfully by a simple non‐coaxial electrospinning method without using a complicated coaxial jet head, combined with adjusting the concentration of the TiO2 precursor and the pinhole diameter of the jet head and by final calcination. The formation mechanisms of different structured TiO2 fibers are discussed in detail. This method is facile and effective, and easy to scale up. Furthermore, it is a versatile method for constructing tube‐in‐tube fibers of other metal oxides such as ZrO2, SiO2, SnO2, and In2O3. The photocatalytic activity of tubular TiO2 nanofibers for the degradation of 2‐chlorophenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol under UV or visible‐light irradiation is better than the one of commercial available TiO2 powder, rutile, and anatase TiO2 fibers.
Functionalization of Diameter‐Sorted Semiconductive SWCNTs with Photosensitizing Porphyrins: Syntheses and Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Das Sushanta K. , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Subbaiyan Navaneetha K. , Zandler Melvin E. , Ito Osamu , D'Souza Francis
Published: July 2012

Covalent functionalization of diameter sorted SWCNTs with porphyrins (MP), and photochemistry to establish nanotube diameter‐dependent charge separation efficiencies are reported. The MP–SWCNT(n,m) [M=2 H or Zn, and (n,m)=(7,6) or (6,5)] nanohybrids are characterized by a variety of spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, TEM imaging techniques, and also by DFT MO calculations. The thermogravimetric, Raman and fluorescence studies reveal the presence of a moderate number of porphyrins on the SWCNT surface. The MO results suggest charge separation (CS) via the excited state of MP. Time‐resolved fluorescence studies reveal quenching of the singlet excited state of the MP with SWCNT(n,m), giving the rate constants of charge separation (kCS) in the range of (4–5)×109 s−1. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements confirm the charge‐separated radical cation and the radical anion as [MP.+–SWCNT.−] with their characteristic absorption bands in the visible and near‐IR regions. The charge separated states persist for about 70–100 ns thus giving an opportunity to utilize them to build photoelectrochemical cells, which allowed us to derive the structure–reactivity relationship between the nature of porphyrin and diameter of the employed nanotubes.
Stereoselective Preparation of (E)‐Configured 1,2‐Disubstituted Propenes from Two Aldehydes by a Two‐Carbon Stitching Strategy: Convergent Synthesis of 18,21‐Diisopropyl‐Geldanamycin Hydroquinone and Its C7 Epimer
Authors: Hampel Thomas , Neubauer Thomas , van Leeuwen Thomas , Bach Thorsten
Published: July 2012

The title compounds were synthesized in a longest sequence of 27 linear steps and with an overall yield of 2.9 and 3.9 %. In the course of the synthesis, two aldehydes representing carbon fragments C1C7 (Eastern fragment) and C9C21 (Western fragment) were prepared from D‐mannitol, each of which incorporated a key stereogenic center at the respective secondary methyl ether group (C6, C12) from the chiral pool material. The assembly of the two aldehydes was achieved employing α‐chloroethyl magnesium chloride as a two‐carbon building block. The carbenoid reagent was generated from α‐chloroethyl para‐tolylsulfoxide by sulfoxide–magnesium exchange and it added smoothly to the highly sensitive aldehyde of the Eastern fragment (C1C7). Upon oxidation, an α‐chloroethyl ketone was generated, which underwent a clean and high‐yielding reductive SmI2‐promoted addition to the other aldehyde fragment. Dehydration delivered the key double bond between C8 and C9 in an overall yield of 72 % over four steps. The method was shown to be generally applicable to the racemization‐free conversion of several aldehydes into the respective α‐chloroethyl ketone (11 examples, 64–95 %) and to the coupling protocol (5 examples, 66–90 %). The further course of the geldanamycin hydroquinone synthesis included a diastereoselective reduction at C7 and the implementation of the amino group at C20. Since deprotection of the two isopropyl protecting groups could not be achieved in significant yields, the structure of 18,21‐diisopropyl‐geldanamycin hydroquinone was proven by its independent synthesis from the natural product.
ChemInform Abstract: (Ni,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 Solid‐Solution Nanotubes Supported by Sub‐0.06 wt% Palladium as a Robust High‐Efficiency Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhu Wancheng , Yang Yan , Hu Shi , Xiang Guolei , Xu Biao , Zhuang Jing , Wang Xun
Published: July 2012

(Ni1‐xMgx)3Si2O5 (OH)4 solid solution nanotubes with tunable compositions are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions containing appropriate amounts of Mg(NO3)2, NiCl2, Na2O·nSiO3 (n = 3.1—3.4), and NaOH (autoclave, 210 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Extended Structure Constructed from Organic Ligands Functionalized Sandwich‐Type Tungstoferrates.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Shu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Han Xin‐Bao , Zhang Huan , Wang En‐Bo
Published: July 2012

The new compounds (H2enMe) 5{FeIII2FeII2 (HenMe)2 [B‐α‐FeW9O34] 2}·12H2O (I) (enMe: 1,2‐diaminopropane) and (H2enMe)3FeII (enMe)2H2{FeIII2Fe II2 (HenMe)2[B‐α‐FeW9O34 ]2}·13H2O (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of Na9[SbW9O33], Fe3+, and enMe (150—160 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrosilane Reduction of Ketones Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Bearing a Hydroxyamide‐Functionalized NHC Ligand.
Authors: Kawabata Shun , Tokura Hiromu , Chiyojima Hiroyuki , Okamoto Masaki , Sakaguchi Satoshi
Published: July 2012

The air‐ and moisture‐stable isoleucinol‐derived iridium carbene complex IRI in combination with AgBF4 efficiently catalyzes the stereoselective reduction of a variety of acetophenone derivatives and analogues at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral β‐ and γ‐Amino Ethers, Morpholines, and Their Homologues via Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening of Chiral Activated Aziridines and Azetidines.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Shukla Dipti , Bhattacharyya Aditya
Published: July 2012

Treatment of activated aziridines and azetidines with alcohols in the presence of Bu4NHSO4 and Cu(OTf)2 allows a simple, highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective access to β‐ and γ‐amino ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers to 1,2‐Diketones Employing Nitroxyl Radicals.
Authors: Hayashi Masaki , Shibuya Masatoshi , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: July 2012

A novel method allows the synthesis of 1,2‐diketones under mild conditions through nitroxyl‐radical catalyzed oxidation of silyl enol ethers with magnesium monoperoxyphthalate as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Bromination Reactions with Sodium Bromide and Oxone Promoted by Mechanical Milling.
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Gao Jie
Published: July 2012

A novel, efficient and environmentally friendly procedure is elaborated for the solvent‐free bromination of various alkenes, dicarbonyl compounds, and phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadienyl—NHC Iron Complexes for Solvent‐Free Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Bezier David , Jiang Fan , Roisnel Thierry , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe
Published: July 2012

In most cases, the reaction of ketones can be performed at 50°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Allylic C—C‐Bond Activation: Vinylcyclopropanes as Versatile a1,a3,d5‐Synthons in Traceless Allylic Substitutions and [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditions.
Authors: Dieskau Andre P. , Holzwarth Michael S. , Plietker Bernd
Published: July 2012

The low‐valent iron complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] catalyzes the traceless allylic substitution of vinylcyclopropanes with different nucleophiles to afford acyclic olefins with high E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Aldehyde Decarbonylation Reaction by Using a Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Modak Atanu , Deb Arghya , Patra Tuhin , Rana Sujoy , Maity Soham , Maiti Debabrata
Published: July 2012

A wide range of substrates are decarbonylated, without the need for an exogenous ligand for palladium as well as CO‐scavenger.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of β‐Branched γ,δ‐Unsaturated Esters Through Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Ketene Silyl Acetal.
Authors: Li Dong , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya
Published: July 2012

A scalable copper‐catalyzed γ‐selective and (E)‐stereospecific allylic alkylation of allylic phosphates (I) and (IV) with ketene silylacetal (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Allylic Amination of Allylic Alcohols with Aromatic/Aliphatic Amines Using Pd/TPPTS as an Aqueous Phase Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Wagh Yogesh S. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Dhake Kishor P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: July 2012

Title reaction is highly chemoselective towards monoallylation of primary amines and proceeds for a diversity of functionalized and sterically hindered aromatic and aliphatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Grignard Reagents to Aryl Alkyl Ketones.
Authors: Madduri Ashoka V. R. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: July 2012

The first enantioselective title reaction to the aryl alkyl ketones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy and β‐Amino Ketones from Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Ru(η5‐C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl.
Authors: Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Jezowska Martina M. , Laymand Kevin , Moebus Juri , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: July 2012

A ruthenium‐catalyzed tandem isomerization/C—C bond formation reaction is applied to the synthesis of the title compounds, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids from Alkynes Using the Fe(CO)5/t‐BuOK/AcOH/CH2Cl2 Reagent System.
Authors: Beesu Mallesh , Periasamy Mariappan
Published: July 2012

A simple, one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of (E)‐2,3‐disubstituted acrylic acids from alkynes proceeds via formation of Fe(CO)4‐ intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Sequential Cyanation of Aryl C—B and Arene C—H Bonds Using Ammonium Iodide and DMF.
Authors: Kim Jinho , Choi Jiho , Shin Kwangmin , Chang Sukbok
Published: July 2012

Boronic acids, boronate esters, borate salts, and electron‐rich arenes are efficiently cyanated with high functional group tolerance using a new oxidative procedure with NH4I (N source) and DMF (C source).
ChemInform Abstract: CeO2‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of Esters from Nitriles and Alcohols.
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Tonomura Takuya , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: July 2012

Ceric oxide is a reusable catalyst for the preparation of esters (III) by solvent‐free reaction of nitriles (I) with alcohols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Thiolation of Pentafluorobenzene with Diaryl Disulfides or Aryl Thiols by C—H and C—F Bond Activation.
Authors: Yu Chuanming , Zhang Cuiling , Shi Xiangjun
Published: July 2012

Under optimized conditions, bisulfides (III) are formed by activation of the C—H and the C—F bond of fluorobenzene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Unification of Anion Relay Chemistry with the Takeda and Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Identification of an Effective Silicon‐Based Transfer Agent.
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Hoye Adam T. , Martinez‐Solorio Dionicio , Kim Won‐Suk , Tong Rongbiao
Published: July 2012

An efficient method for the cross coupling reaction of aryl‐ and alkenyllithium reagents with aryl and alkenyl halides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Heteropoly Acids.
Authors: Javid Ali , Heravi Majid M. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: July 2012

β‐Acetamido carbonyl compounds (IV) are obtained via a new Mannich‐type three‐component reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, acetamide, and dimedone.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Main‐Chain Polymer of Chiral Imidazolidinone for Asymmetric Organocatalysis Application.
Authors: Haraguchi Naoki , Kiyono Hitomi , Takemura Yu , Itsuno Shinichi
Published: July 2012

Chiral imidazolinones are incorporated into the main‐chain of the polymer by ionic bonding.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions Between 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones and 1,1‐Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene Catalyzed by Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Tertiary Amine and Thiourea Groups.
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yue‐Yan , Xue Xiao‐Song , Jin Jia‐Lu , Tan Bo‐Xuan , Liu Cong , Dong Nan , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: July 2012

A bifunctional Cinchona alkaloid‐based organocatalyst efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of 3‐substituted benzofuranones (I) and (IV) with bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzamides with Indoline‐2,3‐dione in an Ionic Liquid in the Presence and Absence of Iodine.
Authors: Sheng Jie , Yang Ke , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: July 2012

Iodine is assumed to act as mild Lewis acid catalyst to facilitate the dehydration of α‐hydroxyamine derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates of Isatins with N‐Phenylmaleimide Catalyzed by Me‐DuPhos.
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Li , Zhang Tao , Zhong Neng‐Jun , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun
Published: July 2012

The reaction allows an efficient access to optically active spirocyclic oxindoles of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Terphenyl Benzimidazoles as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Reddy M. Kashi , Shaik Thokhir B. , Rajender Rajender , Srikanth Y. V. V. , Reddy V. Santhosh , Kumar G. Bharath , Kalivendi Shasi V.
Published: July 2012

A library of a new class of benzimidazoles (VII) (30 examples) is designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Three‐Component [3 + 2] Cycloannulation Process for the Rapid and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolobenzoxazoles.
Authors: Boomhoff Michael , Schneider Christoph
Published: July 2012

Four new σ‐bonds and two chiral centers are formed by the title reaction of to give pyrrolobenzoxazoles as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted 1H‐Tetrazole Derivatives via a Three‐Component Reaction of Carbodiimides, Isocyanides, and Trimethylsilyl Azide.
Authors: Kazemizadeh Ali Reza , Hajaliakbari Nasrin , Hajian Roghayeh , Shajari Nahid , Ramazani Ali
Published: July 2012

The mild and efficient synthesis of the title compounds (III) is presented including an easy work‐up and without the need of any purification.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyran Derivatives via Organocatalytic Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Enones.
Authors: Liu Yangbin , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Min , He Peng , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2012

The catalyst system efficiently promotes the asymmetric addition of enones to cyclic 1,3‐diones to form chromenone derivatives like (III) and (VI) and the anticoagulant warfarin (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyridine Derivatives Catalyzed by Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Chen Hai‐Liang , Guo Hong‐Yun
Published: July 2012

Three‐component reaction between methyl thioglycolate (I), aromatic aldehydes (III), and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate (II) catalyzed by hydroxyethylammonium acetate provides a novel access towards title thiazolopyridines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Free Radical Oxidation of 2‐Oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Memarian Hamid Reza , Hejazi Leila , Farhadi Asadallah
Published: July 2012

The dehydrogenation of title tetrahydropyrimidinones (I) and (III) proceeds smoothly by UV‐irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide under argon atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyl May Not Be Indispensable for Raltegravir: Design, Synthesis and SAR Studies of Raltegravir Derivatives as HIV‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Wang Mingxiao , Yao Xue , Li Yue , Qiao Wentao , Geng Yunqi , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: July 2012

A variety of raltegravir derivatives such as (I) and (II) is synthesized and systematically evaluated for their anti‐HIV activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New 1,3‐Benzdiazinan‐4‐one Derivatives as Selective Cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) Inhibitors.
Authors: Zarghi Afshin , Zebardast Tannaz , Hajighasemali Fatemeh , Alipoor Eskandar , Daraie Bahram , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: July 2012

Two series of regioisomeric title compounds of type (V) and (IX) are prepared and tested for their cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Mono‐ and Disubstituted 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones Using Copper Benzenesulfonate as a Reusable Catalyst in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Ting T. , Liang Yan , Gao Jing J.
Published: July 2012

The Cu(II)‐catalyzed one‐pot, three‐component cyclocondensation of isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium salt or primary amines affords dihydroquinazolinone derivatives in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reduction of 3‐Substituted N‐Acylpyrazinium Salts Toward the Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydropyrazines.
Authors: Williams Alfred L. , Hilaire Valentine R. St. , Lee Tina
Published: July 2012

In the presence of Bu3SnH, N‐acylpyrazinium salts bearing an electron‐donating group in position 3 undergo regioselective reduction yielding 1,2‐dihydropyrazines.
ChemInform Abstract: PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazinones from Anthranilic Acids and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Wang Suping
Published: July 2012

A completely new route to benzoxazinones (III) is developed, involving Schiff base formation from anthranilic acids (I) and aromatic aldehydes, followed by oxidative cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Anticonvulsants Activity of Various 3‐(Substituted)‐benzylidene‐7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin‐2‐one.
Authors: Ahmad Bahar , Rashid Mohd , Husain Asif , Mishra Ravinesh
Published: July 2012

Novel 3‐benzylidene‐benzodiazepines (III) are synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of 2‐Benzazepine Derivatives and Their Biological Activity.
Authors: So Masahiro , Kotake Tomoko , Matsuura Kenji , Inui Makoto , Kamimura Akio
Published: July 2012

The derivatives (VIb) and (R)‐ and (S)‐(IXa) are found to stimulate wound healing.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of α‐Perfluoroaryl and α‐Perfluorohetaryl Substituted α‐Aminomethanephosphonates.
Authors: Goulioukina Nataliya S. , Mitrofanov Alexander Y. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: July 2012

The potassium salt of phosphoglycine Schiff base (III) is a suitable nucleophile for the direct preparation of the phosphonic analogues of α‐C‐perfluoro(het)aryl‐substituted glycine esters via SNAr reaction with perfluoro(het)arenes (IV), providing title compounds (V) under mild conditions in satisfactory yields and high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tryptophan Derivatives by a Tandem Friedel—Crafts Conjugate Addition/Asymmetric Protonation Reaction.
Authors: Kieffer Madeleine E. , Repka Lindsay M. , Reisman Sarah E.
Published: July 2012

The reaction of substituted indoles with methyl 2‐acetamidoacrylate (II) catalyzed by (R)‐3,3′‐dibromo‐BINOL and SnCl4, leads to synthetic tryptophan derivatives in good yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory and PPAR Transactivational Effects of Secondary Metabolites from the Roots of Asarum sieboldii.
Authors: Quang Tran Hong , Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan , Minh Chau Van , Kiem Phan Van , Tai Bui Huu , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Song Seok Bean , Kim Young Ho
Published: July 2012

A new compound, 5′‐O‐methylpluviatilol (I), is isolated from the roots of Asarum sieboldii along with twelve known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Induction Heating of Nanosized Ferrite Particles
Authors: Zhang Yi. , Zhai Ya.
Published: July 2012

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodisperse Inorganic Supraparticles: Formation Mechanism, Properties and Applications
Authors: Xia Yunsheng , Tang Zhiyong
Published: July 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions in Alkaloid‐Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Magedov I. V. , Kornienko A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using the Nenajdenko—Shastin Reaction
Authors: Muzalevskiy V. M.
Published: July 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methodology for Functionalization of the Imidazole Ring by Alkynes
Authors: Trofimov B. A. , Andriyankova L. V. , Belyaeva K. V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Methods of Creation and Functionalization of the Coumarin Skeleton
Authors: Fedorov A. Yu. , Nyuchev A. V. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: July 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Aziridines as Sources of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Khlebnikov A. F. , Novikov M. S.
Published: July 2012

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosyl Thioimidates as Versatile Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hasty S. J. , Demchenko A. V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Boron‐Based Supramolecular Architecture
Authors: Mitrasinovic Petar M.
Published: July 2012

Review: 88 refs.
Ethoxy‐substituted Oligo‐phenylenevinylene‐Bridged Organic Dyes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shan Yifan , Tang Jie , Lai Hua , Tan Hongwei , Liu Xiaofeng , Yang Fan , Fang Qiang
Published: July 2012

Organic dyes with ethoxy‐substituted oligo‐phenylenevinylene as chromophores were synthesized for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the detailed relationships between the dye structures, photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, and performances of DSSCs were described. The dye S3O showed broad IPCE spectra in the spectral range of 350–750 nm, and the dye S1P showed solar energy‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (() of up to 4.23% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW/cm2) in comparison with the reference Ru‐complex (N719 dye) with an η value of 5.90% under similar experimental conditions.
Immobilization and Bioelectrochemistry of Hemoglobin Based on Carrageenan and Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Composite Film
Authors: Sheng Chun , Zhang Yang , Wang Lu , Jia Nengqin
Published: July 2012

A novel biopolymer/room‐temperature ionic liquid composite film based on carrageenan, room temperature ionic liquid (IL) [1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetra?uoroborate ([BMIM]BF4)] was explored for immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) and construction of biosensor. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic behaviors of Hb entrapped in the IL‐carrageenan composite ?lm on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated. UV‐vis spectroscopy demonstrated that Hb in the IL‐carrageenan composite ?lm could retain its native secondary structure. A pair of well‐de?ned redox peaks of Hb was obtained at the Hb‐IL‐carrageenan composite ?lm modi?ed electrode through direct electron transfer between the protein and the underlying electrode. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) was 2.02 s−1, indicating great facilitation of the electron transfer between Hb and IL‐carrageenan composite film modi?ed electrode. The modi?ed electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide with a linear range of 5.0×10−6 to 1.5×10−4 mol/L and the detection limit was 2.12×10−7 mol/L (S/N=3). The apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant KMapp for hydrogen peroxide was estimated to be 0.02 mmol/L, indicating that the biosensor possessed high af?nity to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed good reproducibility and stability.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Operations for Rheumatic Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhang Guan‐xin , Li Bai‐ling , Han Lin , Zang Jia‐jie , Li Li , Xu Zhi‐yun
Published: July 2012

Background:

We sought to develop and validate a logistic model and a simple score system for prediction of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing operations for rheumatic aortic valve disease.

Hypothesis:

The simple score model we established based on the logistic model was efficient and practical.

Methods:

A total of 669 rheumatic patients (mean age 51 ± 9 years), who underwent routine coronary angiography (CAG) before aortic valve surgery between 1998 and 2010, were analyzed. A bootstrap‐validated logistic regression model on the basis of clinical risk factors was developed to identify low‐risk (≤5%) patients, from which an additive model was derived. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare discrimination, and precision was quantified by the Hosmer‐Lemeshow statistic. Significant coronary atherosclerosis was defined as 50% or more luminal narrowing in 1 or more major epicardial vessels determined by means of coronary angiography.

Results:

Eighty‐eight (13.2%) patients had significant coronary atherosclerosis. Independent predictors of CAD include age, angina, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. A total of 325 patients were designated as low risk according to the bootstrap logistic regression and additive models. Of these patients, only 4 (1.2%) had single‐vessel disease, and none had high‐risk CAD (ie, left main trunk, proximal left anterior descending, or multivessel disease). The bootstrap logistic regression and additive models show good discrimination, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.948 and 0.942, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our logistic regression model can reliably estimate the prevalence of significant CAD in rheumatic patients undergoing aortic valve operation, while the additive simple score system could reliably identify the low‐risk patients in whom routine preoperative angiography might be safely avoided. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.22033

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Dr. Guan‐xin Zhang and Dr. Bai‐ling Li have contributed equally to the work. Dr. Lin‐han is co‐corresponding author (sh_hanlin@hotmail.com).
Different matrices for CIECAM02
Authors: Li Changjun , Luo M. Ronnier , Wang Zhifeng
Published: July 2012

CIECAM02 has been used to predict colour appearance under a wide range of viewing conditions, to provide a uniform colour space, and to provide a profile connection space for colour management. However, some problems have been identified with CIECAM02. CIE Technical Committee 8‐11 is currently working on the methods to resolve the problems for practical applications. Part of the CIE TC8‐11 work is to repair the lightness computational failure. This article incorporates most of the previous suggestions and makes some further tests. It is hoped that this article will aid the ongoing work of the CIE TC8‐11 and perhaps be the starting point for repairing the CIECAM02 for colour management and for the new recommendation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 143–153, 2014