bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: P. Fetalieva Laura , A. Ramazanova Elmira , Sh. Gitinova Patimat , O. Omarova Hadizhat , O. Makaeva Elmira
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The paper discusses a specific experience that is a part of the professional standard of a teacher, examines the ability of a teacher to teach children with special environmental needs. Methodology: Methods of working with physically challenged children (PCC) are described in the works by V. V.Linkov, N. N. Malofeev, N. M. Nazarov, etc. They consider various methods and techniques of organizing educational work with children having health problems. Results: The Russian schools from Dagestan have gained some experience in the inclusive education of younger schoolchildren. A number of inclusive classes are functioning in school No.4 in the city of Makhachkala which is the capital of Dagestan. Teachers working in inclusive classes have significant difficulties in implementing the objectives of inclusion. They create the necessary conditions for educational work with physically challenged children; teachers accumulate their experience in teaching children with special educational needs. The levels of biotechnological needs are realized and the coefficients of students learning at the ascertaining and formative stages of the experiment are calculated. At the control stage, measurements were taken and positive trends in the organization of the educational work with physically challenged children were detected. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of Biotechnological Competence of a Teacher in the Conditions of Inclusive Education is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Grupos de pesquisa em alfabetização no Brasil: diálogos com redes de pesquisa
Authors: Schwartz Cleonara Maria , Frade Isabel Cristina da Silva , Macedo Maria do Socorro Alencar Nunes
Published: November 2019

Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar os grupos de pesquisa brasileiros em alfabetização que tematizam o processo de ensino e aprendizagem iniciais da leitura e da escrita. Foram coletados dados da página do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), a partir do termo “alfabetização”, sem recorte temporal. Em seguida, realizaram-se análise da página dos grupos, tabulação e análise dos resultados. Foram identificados 95 grupos de pesquisa que estudam a alfabetização, sendo a maior parte desses localizados no Sudeste do País. Constata-se que a alfabetização vem se constituindo em objeto de investigação por diferentes enfoques temáticos. A alfabetização encontra-se presente em diferentes campos e áreas do conhecimento, revelando o seu caráter interdisciplinar e sua apropriação para a compreensão de fenômenos de ordens distintas.
O projeto de educação do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento
Authors: Melgarejo Mariano Moura , Shiroma Eneida Oto
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo aborda o projeto de Educação sustentado pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, alguns aspectos da sua história, organização interna e contratos no Brasil. A análise desenvolveu-se a partir de um amplo corpus documental, composto pelas diretrizes gerais do Banco, marcos setoriais e projetos para o setor Educação. Constatamos que, sob o pretexto de combater a pobreza, em essência as políticas do Banco visam estreitar a formação docente; exercer forte controle sobre seu trabalho por meio das reformas curriculares, avaliações em larga escala e coaching; flexibilizar a gestão; destruir a carreira do magistério a partir da sua substituição por políticas meritocráticas; implementar políticas de accountability; estabelecer a política de vouchers; além das diversas outras formas de privatização, que atingem desde a escolha dos materiais didáticos até a terceirização da gestão de escolas públicas.
Proposições da OCDE e sua materialização na política educacional brasileira
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo da Silva
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as proposições da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), com base nos resultados Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos (Pisa), para a política educacional brasileira e como parte delas se materializam, sobretudo, nas dimensões da gestão e avaliação do sistema educacional. Para tanto, analisou-se documentos produzidos pela Organização que fazem recomendações à Educação Básica pública brasileira, tendo como referência o período de 2000 a 2015. No contexto nacional, estudou-se documentos do Governo Federal – Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (2007); Decreto n. 6.094/2007; Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024) – evidenciando-se as articulações entre as duas esferas, Estado e OCDE. Assinala-se o aprofundamento das relações políticas e educacionais entre Brasil e OCDE que resultam na materialização das proposições daquele Organismo nas políticas nacionais para Educação Básica. Conclui-se que esse processo vem redefinindo os pressupostos da gestão democrática e intensificando as avaliações externas como mecanismo de controle e incentivo a um tipo de qualidade educacional que atenda aos interesses do capital.
Governando para além do PISA: conhecimento, redes e narrativas
Authors: Ozga Jenny , A. Arnott Margaret
Published: November 2019

A busca da OCDE por um novo conjunto de prescrições para governança da educação está expresso em seu projeto de Governança de Sistemas Educacionais Complexos (GSEC) que procura combinar a identificação de melhores práticas de organização de sistemas com narrativas especificas de equidade e qualidade baseadas em mensurações que criam uma “robusta base de evidencias” para a política. Este artigo analisa o conteúdo e a direção do  GSEC, considera sua retomada na política na Escócia, especialmente como refletido no rescaldo do relatório da OECD 2015 sobre melhoramentos da educação naquele país e dos resultados do PISA 2016. O texto discute o conteúdo das recomendações, especialmente como relacionam com os conceitos chave de conhecimento, redes e narrativas, e suas tentativas de tradução para a política, e conclui identificando tensões no interior do projeto de governança da própria OCDE.
Evaluation of Sonoelastography Compatibility on the Achilles Tendon Between Different Devices and Observers
Authors: ÜNAL Özlem , GÜZEL Şule , ŞİĞİT İKİZ Sinem , ŞİRİN ÖZCAN Ayşenur
Published: November 2019

Aim: To investigate the reliability of sonoelastography by comparing the Achilles tendon strain ratio obtained in healthy volunteers by different observers with different sonoelastography devices working on the same principle.Material and Methods: A total of 80 Achilles tendons in 40 volunteers without chronic disease were evaluated using Toshiba and Hitachi devices using real-time elastography principle. The Kager fat pad was selected for strain ratio measurement. Each tendon was evaluated with both devices twice by both observers. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement were examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) obtained by two-way mixed ANOVA model for absolute agreement and interpreted as Ko and Li (11) suggested.Results: Interobserver agreement in the first and second measurements of the Hitachi device and in the second measurements of the Toshiba device was found to be good (average ICC>0.75). The interobserver agreement in the first measurements made on the Toshiba device was found to be lower (average ICC=0.729, p<0.001). The intraobserver agreement was found to be excellent (ICC>0.90) for both device. The interobserver agreement for the Toshiba device was found lower than for the Hitachi device. Mean strain ratio was 2.96±1.07 for the Hitachi device and 3.54±1.03 for the Toshiba device. Measurements obtained from the Toshiba device were determined as significantly higher than those from the Hitachi device.Conclusion: There may be differences in strain rates depending on the compression application limits of the devices, in studies carried out using different devices. Therefore, intraobserver and interobserver agreement should be evaluated separately for each device.
Investigating interpersonal metadiscourse markers in English M.A. theses: The case of transition markers
Authors: Rasooyar Hosna , Hosseini Esmail
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to know which types of transition markers (i.e., and, since, hence, in addition and then) were more frequently used in English M.A theses. To do this study, the researcher collected 30 English M.A theses which were written by Iranian students from Azad University of Kermanshah. Hylandâ€™s (2005) interpersonal model of metadiscourse was used in this study. Identifying each type of transition markers was used more, the teacher analysed the so-called texts by utilising one of the Cutting-Edge softwares. Next, the frequency of transition markers was calculated by AntConc, one of the simplest and easiest corpus analysis toolkits. The outcome of the study was revealed that 6924 transition markers were found. The transition marker of â€˜andâ€™ was the most frequent and the transition marker of â€˜henceâ€™ was the least frequent. Furthermore, the results of Chi-square test indicated that transition markers were not equally used in English M.A theses. The implication of the study suggests that using concordance software can make English teachers aware of high-frequency and low-frequency vocabularies.

Keywords: AntConc software, metadiscourse, transition markers
Code-switching: The case of ‘Israeli Arab’ students at the Arab American University-Palestine
Authors: Zaid Mohammad Salah , Rabbah Ayman
Published: November 2019

This study aims at shedding the light on the factors lying behind switching to Hebrew, represented with age, gender, work history and place of residence the phenomenon of code-switching between Hebrew-Arabic among Israeli Arab students at the Arab American University in Palestine. It also studies how code-switching may affect the Palestinian identity of those students. The sample of this study is two-fold. The first was conducted quantitatively through randomly selecting 70 Israeli Arabs to answer an 18-item questionnaire. The findings were statistically analysed using SSPS, showing the frequencies, values, means and standard deviation which were analysed using content analysis. Furthermore, the reliability of the paper was tested using the Cronbach Alpha formula of which the reliability coefficient was accepted and satisfied at 0.70. The researcher also conducted a qualitative approach through interviewing six students, analysed using conversational discourse analysis. The study reveals that both age and place of residence were significantly different and affected the choice of Hebrew. The study also reveals that the unconscious and uncontrolled use of Hebrew was the most obvious reason behind switching, while there was also a considerable effect on students’ identity at 72%. Hence, the researcher recommends more research is needed for the study of power relations among social classes of Israeli Arab citizens.

Keywords: Code-switching, ıdentity, Israeli Arabs
Hedges and boosters in medical and engineering research articles: A comparative corpus-based study
Authors: Sepehri Mehrdad , Hajijalili Mehrnnoosh , Namaziandost Ehsan
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to compare the use of hedges and boosters in medical sciences and engineering research articles. To fulfil this objective, the researcher provided 30 medical and 30 engineering research articles to identify the hedging and boosting devices used in them. The research articles were analysed according to lexical devices classification, focusing on hedges and boosters. The AntConc concordance software was used to identify the instances of hedges and boosters in both disciplines. Frequency, percentage and the Chi-square test were run to analyse the data. The results indicated that the difference between the frequency of hedges and boosters in medical sciences and engineering research articles was significant and meaningful. Moreover, the outcomes indicated that the most frequent hedges were epistemic modality verbs, quantifiers and nouns and the most frequent boosters were nouns, lexical verbs, modal verbs and adjectives. These discoveries of this paper may have some implications for the teaching of academic writing, especially to EFL learners.

Keywords: Boosters, engineering research articles, hedges, medical research articles
Cultural Identity reconstruction in the study abroad context: The case of Algerian Sojourners
Authors: El-Ouali Fatima Zohra , Mouhadjer Noureddine
Published: November 2019

The way individuals define themselves is assumed to be tightly linked to social and cultural values of the environment they are raised in. Yet, identity is not static and forming a cultural identity requires adapting beliefs and practices of one or more cultural communities. Hence, this paper is an attempt to bring the issue of identity construction in question as a result of direct contact with people from different cultures and what it may engender as a change in social, cultural behaviour, and positions. The present study investigates the impact of study abroad experience on sojournersâ€™ cultural identity. It tries to highlight the nature of the crossing borders experience, and how it strongly contributes to the creation of a new cultural identity. This research work relies on a case study that consists of 25 Algerian students who are actually enrolled in a long-term programme at different universities in the United Kingdom. The data were gathered through the use of both questionnaire and semi-structured interview administered to these sojourners. Then, data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings first display the competencies developed by students while abroad. Second, the study explores how cultural identity is being reconstructed and negotiated during the intercultural communication. Third, the extracts of the study reveal that the sojourners are aware of the cross-cultural adaptation process and they try to cope with the challenges they face as well as avoiding communication breakdowns and misunderstandings. As a result, we contribute to the literature concerning constructing and negotiating identities in different socio-cultural contexts.

Key-words: Cultural Identity; Cross-cultural Adaptation; Identity Negotiation; Intercultural Communication; Study Abroad.
Yarı Kurak İklim Koşullarında A Sınıfı Kap’tan olan Buharlaşmanın Penman ve Kohler-Nordenson-Fox (KNF) Modelleri ile Tahmini
Authors: AYDIN Yusuf
Published: November 2019

Buharlaşmanın tahmin edilmesinde gereksinim
duyulan iklim parametreleri pekçok bölgede
çeşitli nedenlerle kolaylıkla elde edilememektedir. Güvenilir verilerin
elde edilmesiyle, sulama planlaması ve su kaynaklarının korunması için buharlaşma
tahmini daha az veri ile ve kolaylıkla yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, A
sınıfı buharlaşma kaplarından olan buharlaşmanın tahmininde kullanılan ve bu amaçla
geliştirilen Penman (PM) ve Kohler-Nordenson-Fox (KNF) eşitlikleri yoluyla
buharlaşmanın tahmin edilerek, meteoroloji istasyonlarında ölçülen değerlerle,
yarı kurak iklim koşullarında performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla; Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer
alan Siirt ili Meteoroloji İstasyonu’ndan alınan iklim verileri, modellerin
çözümlenmesinde girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde olunan çıktılar istatistiksel
olarak değerlendirilmiş ve karekök ortalama hatası (RMSE), ortalama mutlak hata
(MAE), hata yüzdesi (PE), ortalama oran (MR) ve determinasyon katsayısı (R2)
parametreleri istatistiksel değerlendirme ölçütü olarak alınmıştır. Çalışma
sonunda, günlük düzeyde yapılan karşılaştırmada en iyi R2 değeri
0.8783 ve 0.8062 ile 2015 ve 2016 yılında EPM-Epan
karşılaştırmasından elde edilirken, bu yıldaki RMSE değerleri 1.35 ve 1.32
olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aylık düzeydeki karşılaştırmada ise, aynı eşitlik en iyi
performansı göstermiştir. Bu sonuçları göre, günlük ve aylık düzeyde A sınıfı
buharlaşma kabından olan buharlaşmayı tahmin etmek için, yarı kurak iklim
koşullarında daha düşük RMSE değerleri vermesi nedeniyle çalışmada kullanılan Penman
eşitliği önerilmektedir.
Anecdotal Response to Amphotericin in a Patient with Probable Susac Syndrome: Implications in the Pathogenesis
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Marto Natália , Vilela Pedro , Catarino Ana
Published: November 2019

Susac syndrome is a rare, probably immune-mediated endotheliopathy presenting with encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and retinal arterial occlusions. A 33-year-old female with Susac syndrome was worsening despite high-dose steroids so a brain biopsy was performed which suggested a possible fungal infection. Treatment with amphotericin B resulted in prompt reversal of symptoms and radiological findings, and no further symptoms occurred during 8 years of follow-up. A diagnosis of fungal infection was not confirmed. The etiology of Susac syndrome is unknown and this anecdotal observation suggests that an infectious agent susceptible to amphotericin might have caused or triggered Susac syndrome in this patient.
Long-term Neuropsychiatric and Neuropsychological Sequelae of Endovascularly Treated Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Sousa Lídia , Antunes Ana , Mendes Tiago , Reimão Sofia , Neto Lia Lucas , Campos Jorge
Published: November 2019

Introduction: There is limited evidence regarding long-term outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Most follow-up programs are relatively short and focused on physical functions. Endovascular aneurysmal embolization enables recovery of normal vascular architecture. However, there is growing evidence that neuropsychological and behavior sequelae can significantly impact the lives of these patients, even when treatment is successful. In this study, we reviewed cognition, psychiatric and neuropsychological symptoms, global functionality, and health-related quality of life 10 to 12 years after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a university hospital. All cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted between January 2004 and December 2006 and endovascularly treated were reviewed. Participants underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and a clinical interview with a psychiatrist.Results: Fourteen patients participated in the study. Almost 70% (n = 10) showed cognitive impairment; in more than 40% (n = 6) of the subjects, significant symptoms of anxiety were identified, and 35% (n = 5) were classified as having clinical depression. Relevant posttraumatic symptoms were reported by more than 70% (n = 10) of patients, and almost 30% (n = 4) showed other moderate neuropsychiatric symptoms. Overall, health-related quality of life was impaired, and personality changes were frequently reported by the participants and their relatives.Discussion: A significant prevalence of ongoing deficits in high-level functioning and reduced health-related quality of life were observed in a sample of young and professionally active individuals that were successfully treated and discharged from follow-up consultations.Conclusion: There is a need for better follow-up strategies, targeting more subtle deficits and psychological symptoms after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Hemoperitoneu Espontâneo na Gravidez
Authors: Gonçalves Daniela , Teixeira Marcília , Rodrigues Rosa , Braga Jorge
Published: November 2019

A endometriose é uma doença benigna, crónica e estrogénio-dependente. Pensa-se que a gravidez tenha um efeito positivo na endometriose através da inibição da ovulação, contudo tem surgido evidência da associação da endometriose não só com infertilidade, mas também com complicações obstétricas. Descreve-se o caso de uma grávida de 34 semanas, com antecedentes clínicos e ecográficos sugestivos de endometriose, admitida por dor abdominal súbita e intensa. Durante a cesariana emergente, realizada por bradicardia fetal sustentada, constatou-se a presença de um volumoso hemoperitoneu e focos hemorrágicos na parede uterina posterior. Apesar de raro, o hemoperitoneu espontâneo é uma complicação possível na gravidez, sobretudo em mulheres com antecedentes de endometriose. Dadas as complicações materno-fetais associadas, uma rápida suspeição diagnóstica e intervenção são fundamentais.
Conciliação Trabalho-Família na Profissão Médica: Um Estudo Exploratório
Authors: Afonso Pedro , Aleixo Olga Vaz , Aleixo Rute Vaz , Carvalho Diogo J. F. de , Simões José Augusto
Published: November 2019

Introdução: Este estudo propôs-se caraterizar e avaliar a conciliação trabalho-família na profissão médica em Portugal.Material e Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional, transversal e exploratório de uma amostra de 181 médicos sócios da Associação dos Médicos Católicos Portugueses. Foi aplicado um questionário de resposta múltipla e valoração qualitativa, por forma a avaliar caraterísticas socioeconómicas, laborais e a conciliação trabalho-família. Foram realizadas análises descritiva e de regressão linear.Resultados: Cerca de 40% dos médicos inquiridos avaliam negativamente a conciliação trabalho-família no sector privado. Já para o Serviço Nacional de Saúde, são 73% os médicos inquiridos que avaliam negativamente a conciliação trabalho-família no sector público. Verificou-se que mais de metade dos inquiridos (56%) tinha uma carga horária superior à que considera danosa à sua conciliação trabalho-família, sendo que a grande maioria trabalhava no limite ou em excesso de carga horária. Os dados obtidos permitiram associar maior carga horária com fazer urgências, com a idade e ser do sexo masculino. Foi ainda observado que maior carga horária não está associada a ter filhos ou ser casado.Discussão: No nosso estudo, as três medidas de conciliação trabalho-família que os participantes consideraram ser as mais importantes foram a possibilidade de flexibilizar o horário, trabalhar a tempo parcial e reduzir temporariamente o horário de trabalho (por exemplo, devido a assistência à família). Estes aspetos poderão explicar as diferenças encontradas na avaliação da conciliação trabalho-família entre o sector público e o sector privado.Conclusão: A profissão médica pelas suas características de exigência coloca os médicos numa situação particular de risco para alcançarem uma adequada conciliação trabalho-família. Os resultados do nosso estudo apontam para uma insatisfação dessa conciliação, sendo que essa insatisfação é mais marcada no sector público, tendencialmente associada ao excesso de carga horária semanal.
Functional dentition and prosthodontic status in an Indigenous population from the South of Brazil
Authors: Soares Gustavo Hermes , Pereira Nayara Fernanda , Ortiz Adrielly Garcia , Biazevic Maria Gabriela Haye , Michel-Crosato Edgard
Published: November 2019

Aim: to analyze the prevalence of different definitions of functional dentition, prosthodontic status and associated factors, in an indigenous population from Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional oral health survey was conducted with Indigenous adults aged 35-44 years. A single examiner collected clinical data through oral examinations and sociodemographic data using a structured questionnaire. Dentitions were classified according to four classification systems of functional dentition: FDWHO (> 20 teeth), FDGROUP2 (> 10 teeth in each arch), FDGROUP3 (all anterior teeth), and FDGROUP4 (> 10 teeth in each arch, all anterior teeth, and sufficient posterior region). Use and need of prosthodontics was also evaluated. Uni and multivariate analysis were conducted at the level of significance of 5%. Results: Indigenous adults presented considerably low frequencies of prosthodontic use and functional dentition, independently of the definition analyzed. Substantial differences of prevalence rates were observed among the four definitions of functional dentition, ranging from 48.62% to 11.93%. Age and municipality were associated with use of dental prosthesis and prosthodontic need, respectively. Significant discrepancies in functional dentition rates were observed regarding sex and time of the last dental appointment. Conclusions: Indigenous adults are severely affected by tooth loss and, consequently, by low frequencies of functional dentition. The scenario is worsened by the elevated need of the population for prosthodontics. The phenomenon was associated with age, sex, access to specialized dental care and time of the last dental visit.
Different surface treatment protocols of a Y-TZP ceramic with a superficial glaze layer
Authors: Miranda Jean Soares , Carvalho Ronaldo Luís Almeida de , Barcellos Aline Serrado de Pinho , Souza Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu , Leite Fabíola Pessôa Pereira
Published: November 2019

Aim: evaluate the influence of etching time with hydrofluoric acid on the bond strength of a Yttrium-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramic with a superficial glaze layer and a resin cement. Methods: Y-TZP blocks were cut to obtain 40 samples. They were distributed into four groups (n = 10): control treated by sandblasting with silica-coated alumina (RS) and three glazed experimental groups with different etching times: GS20s, GS60s and GS100s. Cementation was done with a universal adhesive and a resin cement. Two cement cylinders were made in each block. After thermocycling, the shear bond test was performed. Two extra samples of each group were made to obtain profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, mapping and backscattered electron detector images. Energy dispersive spectrometry and goniometry were also performed. Results: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests demonstrated bond strength differences only between the RS (22.10MPa) and the GS groups (GS20s: 8,10Mpa; GS60s: 10.49MPa; GS100s: 7.53MPa) (p = 0.001), but there was no difference among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). The contact angles were 55.33º (RS); 70.78° (GS100s); 48.20º (GS60s) and 28.73º (GS20s). ANOVA and Tukey test demonstrated similar wettability of RS to GS60s and GS100s (p > 0.05), but all the experimental groups were statistically different between them (p < 0.001). Qualitative image analysis revealed an irregular glaze distribution after etching. The thickness of the remaining glaze layer measured by profilometry was 5±1μm (GS20S), 4±1μm (GS60S) and 3±1μm (GS100s). Conclusion: The etching time of glazed zirconia did not influence the adhesive strength of the ceramic to the resin cement.
Influence of cross-section and number of use in cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary instruments
Authors: Brisighello Luís César , Candeiro George Táccio de Miranda , Paz Luiza Riomar , Paiva Hermano Camelo , Gavini Giulio
Published: November 2019

Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate if the cross-section and the number of use have influence in cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary files. Methods: K3 Endo (group K) and EndoSequence (group E) files, 25/.04, 25 mm, were subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=12) according to the number of uses, 1, 3 and 5 uses, totalizing 72 files. The files were submitted to dynamic assays device moved by an electric engine, using 300 rpm of speed that permitted the reproduction of pecking motion. The files run within a temperate steel ring’s groove, simulating an instrumentation of a curved root canal with 40-degrees and 5-mm of curvature radius. The fracture of file was detected by sensor of device and the time and the number of cycles was acquired. The data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: There were no statistical significant differences in regard to the number of uses (p>0.05). K3 Endo files showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than EndoSequence instruments (p<0.01). Conclusion: It may be concluded that the cross-section of instruments presented significant influence in cyclic fatigue resistance and the number of uses up to 5 times had no influence in cyclic fatigue resistance in both NiTi rotation systems evaluated.
EVALUATION OF LINEAR ACCELERATOR UTILIZATION FOR CA MAMMAE RADIOTHERAPY AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL
Authors: Mirnawati Feliana , Jati Sutopo Patria , Sugiarto Johanes
Published: November 2019

Background: Radiotherapy is an important cancer therapy in Indonesia. For hospitals which have provided radiotherapy tools for more than five years, they need to evaluate its utilization and influence on patients’ condition.Aim: This study aims to analyze the use of Linac for radiating breast cancers in one of a type-C private hospital in Central Java by using Health Technology Assessment.Method: This study is an observational and descriptive study with an in-depth interview. There were 72 medical record documents examined. Furthermore, the researchers calculated the profits from the financial feasibility of tool investment gained by the hospital. This study involved six Key Informants and four triangulation informants.Results: This study shows that in terms of effectivity aspect, one Linac can prolong patient waiting time about 2-4 weeks. Such a long waiting time may cause disease progression to increase. Meanwhile, seen from the technical characteristics, the tool is not well-maintained by the internal and external parties. It causes the tool’s performance worse. In terms of the economic aspect, the tool has lasted for 7.5 years, but it technically has been utilized for ten years. Therefore, the hospital needs to supply more radiation tools.Conclusion: The Linac utilization in a year increased, and the ca mammae patient visits were high. In addition to those aspects, the profits gained from the health services were high as well. The hospital should add radiation tools to improve the radiation capacity and decrease patient waiting time.Keywords: linac, economic evaluation, Ca Mammae.
DETERMINANTS OF MOTHERS’ PARTICIPATION IN ANTENATAL CLASSES
Authors: Patriajati Sutopo , Sriatmi Ayun
Published: November 2019

Background: As a form of health promotion, Antenatal Education (AE) class is expected to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers facing their pregnancy. Access to antenatal classes for mothers has not been optimal because of the low level of participation. Not all mothers are willing to join antenatal classes for various reasons.Aim: This study aimed at analyzing the determinant factors that influence the mother’s participation in antenatal classes.Method: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was all pregnant women in Semarang City with 140 pregnant mothers as samples from 3 Primary Healthcare Centers including Rowosari, Purwoyoso, and Gayamsari which were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire.Results: The findings showed that only 54.3% of mothers attended the antenatal classes. Knowledge, support from health personnel, facilities, and infrastructure, as well as a history of illness and pregnancy,  affect mothers’ participation in antenatal classes where the support of health workers had the most dominant influence (OR 5.394). The overall influence was 39.2%.Conclusion: The low mothers’ participation in antenatal classes was influenced by the lack of knowledge and support, inadequate facilities as well as the low health status of mothers. Further socialization and engagement across related sectors with strong networking are needed to solve this problem.Keywords:  antenatal education, participation, primary healthcare center.
DO TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CORRELATE WITH THE JOB SATISFACTION?: A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION
Authors: Maharani Diajeng Puspa Arum , Roshandi Firda Nadia
Published: November 2019

Background: The Orthopaedic and Traumatology Hospital had an increase in employee turnover of 1.39% from January to June 2012. It occurred due to high resignation and employee unsatisfaction. Thus, an organizational culture that consists of clan, hierarchy, market, and adhocracy becomes one of the determinant factors for employee turnover.Aims: This study aims to analyze the correlation between organizational culture and the employees’ job satisfaction.Method: This study used descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design, and the data were analyzed with a correlation test. There were 52 employees as the data of this study. The instruments utilized were OCAI and JSS questionnaires.Results: Market-type organization correlated significantly with job satisfaction. Organizational culture type, such as clan-type organization, adhocracy-type organization, and the hierarchy-type organization did not correlate significantly with job satisfaction. The majority of employees perceived that the Orthopedic and Traumatology Hospital adopts a hierarchy-type organization orienting to regulation and leadership. On the other hand, they expected the hospital to apply clan-type organizations that concerned about teamwork and ownership.Conclusion: There is a correlation between the market-type organization and job satisfaction. Meanwhile, there is no correlation between the clan-type organization, adhocracy-type organization, hierarchy-type organization, and job satisfaction. The hospital should increase internal strength, such as teamwork, training, facilities, and policies that support work procedures and staff.Keywords: market, adhocracy, clan, hierarchy, employees’ job satisfaction.
METODOLOGIA PARA VERIFICAÇÃO DE VOLUMES DE BACIAS DE REJEITO DE MINERAÇÃO POR GEOPROCESSAMENTO – BARRAGEM DE MARAVILHAS II (QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO-MG)
Authors: Camargos Lourdes Manresa , Rodrigues Paulo César Horta , Nero Marcelo Antônio
Published: November 2019

Após o rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana-MG, da mineradora Samarco em novembro de 2015, as atenções se voltaram para a necessidade de um melhor conhecimento e controle das demais barragens de rejeito de mineração. Uma das formas de se investigar eventuais irregularidades dessas estruturas, que se localizam em vales de bacias hidrográficas, é verificar se os volumes declarados pelas mineradoras para as suas bacias de rejeito realmente correspondem às informações prestadas nos respectivos processos de licenciamento ambiental. Em função dos acidentes já ocorridos no Estado de Minas Gerais referentes ao rompimento de barragens de mineração e do potencial de dano ambiental e social resultantes, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo propor uma metodologia para o cálculo independente do volume de rejeitos na barragem Maravilhas II, localizada no município de Itabirito-MG, por meio de análise espaço-temporal, utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento e análise geomorfológica. Para isso, foi calculado o volume de rejeito da barragem Maravilhas II através de subtração do MDT de 1977 (antes da construção da barragem) e do MDT atual (2017). O método de cálculo baseado na Grade Regular Retangular, foi considerado mais preciso e, como resultado, obteve-se uma estimativa de 74.366.813 m³ de volume de rejeito inserido na Barragem Maravilhas II. Este resultado mostra que a barragem se encontra em conformidade com a legislação ambiental, que prevê um volume máximo de 76.000.000m³. Concluiu-se que a metodologia pode ser utilizada para estudos semelhantes para o caso de outras barragens, visando maior controle dos volumes de rejeitos das barragens e contribuir para o monitoramento destas, minimizando ou evitando possíveis impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos causados pela atividade mineradora.
LEARNING, DOING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT – THE RIVER STYLES FRAMEWORK AS A TOOL TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF COHERENT AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES FOR LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie , Brierley Gary , Marçal Mônica dos Santos , Peixoto Maria Naíse , Lima Raphael
Published: November 2019

Ongoing development, training and adaptive learning are fundamental to professional practice in river science and management. River Styles Framework provides a coherent, carefully structured (scaffolded) approach that synthesises geomorphic understandings of rivers as a baseline to support river management applications. As the approach is generic, principles and procedures can applied in any setting. The Framework and its applications build on fundamental research into river forms and processes. Importantly, the Framework was developed in collaboration with river management agencies in New South Wales, Australia and has been used in collaboration with practitioners elsewhere in the world. This paper documents the process used to teach the five-day River Styles professional short course in Brazil, September 2017. We report upon some pedagogical foundations of the Framework to explain the approach to teaching. We present an overview of the types of exercises taught in Brazil, showing how local fieldwork and case studies support the uptake of this geomorphic information to inform river management. We emphasise the importance of careful planning in delivering a coherent product that integrates remotely-sensed work, field interpretation skills and lecture/practical class exercises. These exercises build upon foundation research in fluvial geomorphology in the Macaé Catchment in Rio de Janeiro State.
Use of a Method for Contour Analysis of Radiation Images of Malignant Breast Tumors on the Basis of Retrospective Material
Authors: Mikhailov M. K. , Romanycheva E. A. , Sevast’yanov V. V. , Furman Ya. A.
Published: November 2019

Objective. To enhance the reliability of visual analysis of X-ray mammograms, by applying the mathematical models of neoplasms and a method for their processing based on the mathematical apparatus of contour analysis.

Material and methods. Two data sets were generated from X-ray mammograms obtained from 38–82 year old patients at routine examinations in the Republican Oncology Dispensary. The first set contained 100 packages of X-ray mammographic images that failed to reveal abnormal malignant changes. The second set was represented by 168 packages of X-ray mammographic images showing morphologically verified breast cancer. All the packages of mammographic images are presented in the standard direct craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. The images were obtained using an analog mammograph. Digital copies of images having a resolution of 600 dpi were obtained for subsequent computer processing. The latter of digital mammographic images involved segmentation of space-occupying lesions, determination of the linearity factor of their outlines, and differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions based on the calculated value of the linearity factor of their outlines.

Results. An algorithm was elaborated for identifying the outlines of space-occupying lesions on X-ray mammographic images. The sequence of complex-valued vectors approximating its curve was used as a mathematical model of the outline. The concept on the outline linearity factor, which quantitatively characterizes its shape, was introduced. A method was developed for the objective classification of malignant and benign space-occupying lesions based on the value of the introduced linearity factor. The outlines of benign space-occupying lesions in the breast were ascertained to be characterized by the higher linearity factor (in the region of 0.3–0.4) (BI-RADS category 2), while the outlines of malignant tumors had a much lower value of this factor (in the order of 0.05–0.1) (BI-RADS categories 4–5). The main quantitative measures (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of the informative value of the proposed method were determined. The latter was shown to have a higher specificity than the traditional visual analysis carried out by a radiologist. This allows the proposed method to be used as an additional procedure in the visual analysis of mammograms to enhance the reliability of clinical findings.

Conclusion. The practical value of the method is in quantitatively evaluating the shapes of malignant breast neoplasms, in reducing the performance of a mammographic examination, and in increasing its objectivity. The proposed method makes it possible to reduce the time of analyzing X-ray mammograms and to enhance the reliability of clinical findings.
Age Distribution of Bone Mineral Density According to Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Petraikin A. V. , Petriaikin F. A. , Sergunova К. A. , Nizovtsova L. A. , Akhmad E. S. , Semenov D. S. , Polishchuk N. S. , Morozov S. P. , Vladzymyrskyy A. V.
Published: November 2019

Objective. To compare bone mineral density (BMD) values derived during one-year asynchronous quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in two urban polyclinics (UPs).

Material and methods. The investigation enrolled women aged 40 to 85 years: 694 and 724 patients in UP А and UP B, respectively, who underwent QCT scanning of the proximal femur and spine. The BMD values were compared with the reference data embedded in the QCP software, by using the methods of regression analysis. Quantitative indicators were calculated using the Z-test. To standardize the indicators of QCT in UP A and UP B, cross-calibration was performed using a phantom.

Results. Comparison of the obtained mean BMD values with the reference one for three regions of central densitometry established a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mean BMD values relative to the normative ones within the analyzed age range. The spine Z scores were  – 0.37 SD in UP А and  – 0.84 SD in UP B; the mean proximal femur Z scores were  – 0.70 SD and  – 1.22 SD in UP А and UP B, respectively; the mean femoral neck Z scores were  – 0.54 SD and  – 1.06 SD, respectively. The values of femoral neck and proximal femur BMD displayed pronounced correlations (r=0.83 in UP А and r=0.79 in UP B). Comparison of regression line coefficients in the proximal femur and spine regions revealed that the offset of a straight line was significantly lower in UP B than in UP А (p<0.05). There were no differences in the slope coefficients for these regions. The results of comparing the regression lines for the femoral neck were statistically insignificant for both the slope coefficient (p=0.576) and for the offset (p=0.056).

Conclusion. Comparison of the authors' own results of the BMD study with the reference data has shown a statistically significant decrease in the obtained BMD values in two UPs. This may be associated with the different strategy of referral for QCT, as well as with some assumptions of this study.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Work of the Department of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Osadchiy K. K. , Mershina E. A. , Bragina A. E. , Sinitsyn V. E.
Published: November 2019

Objectives. (1) To evaluate the efficiency of work of the Department of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); (2) to study of its work processes; and (3) to elaborate recommendations for their optimization.

Material and methods. Using the principles of lean manufacturing and the original methodology of the Philips Co., the investigators made a comprehensive assessment of the work of the Tomography Department, Center for Radiation Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in December 2016 to February 2017, including: (1) a study of management reports; (2) oral interviews of employees; (3) a survey of employees, by using a specially designed questionnaire; (4) direct observation and subsequent description of work processes; and (5) assessment of patient satisfaction, by calculating the net promoter score. Based on the findings, the investigators calculated the throughput potential of CT and MRI, described the factors influencing the possibility of realizing this potential, developed recommendations to enhance the efficiency of work processes, and ranked the latter by the magnitude of the expected effect, by the complexity of implementation, and by material costs, followed by prioritization.

Results. Assessment of the throughput potential has shown that CT and MRI examinations can be performed by 50.6% and 23.2% more, respectively. This can be achieved by additionally attracting patients, reducing equipment downtime, optimizing work processes, most of all at the stage of patient recording and registration, as well as at the stage of image interpretation and creation of a conclusion. The developed recommendations for optimizing work processes included measures of varying effectiveness and complexity, which could rank them according to three priority levels and identify long-term strategic initiatives.

Conclusion. The comprehensive study of the efficiency of work of the Departments of CT and MRI made it possible to quantify the potential for increasing the throughput of CT and MRI, to consider in detail the stages of a medical service delivery process, to reveal areas for improving the process, and to form a set of recommendations for their optimization.
The Potentials and Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating the Efficiency of Antitumor Treatment of Patients with Breast Liver Metastasis
Authors: Lukiyanchenko А. B. , Medvedeva B. М. , Kolobanova E. S. , Romanova К. A. , Magamedova S. S.
Published: November 2019

Objective.To compare the informative value of using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in patients with breast liver metastasis during chemotherapy.

Material and methods.The investigation enrolled 30 patients with breast liver metastasis during their treatment. The results of standard intravenous contrast-enhanced abdominal MRI studies (by evaluating the liver in the arterial, venous, and delayed phases) were compared with those of DW-MRI with different B-factor values (50, 400 and 800 sec/mm2).

Results.Comparison of the findings of initial studies prior to chemotherapy (those of only dynamic intravenous contrast-enhanced MRI and only DW-MRI) revealed a complete correspondence with the number of detected foci in 10 patients. Ten patients had a larger number of metastatic foci at DW-MRI than at intravenous contrast-enhanced MRI, in the aggregate by 44 foci more (of them 36 foci measured less than 1 cm). The remaining 10 of the 30 patients were found to have multiple, unquantifiable (more than 20–40) metastatic foci of various sizes (1–6 cm) at both intravenous contrast-enhanced MRI and DW-MRI. Nineteen of the 30 patients were followed up during their chemotherapy. Seven of the 19 patients showed a stabilized liver metastatic process that was similarly evidenced by both techniques. Eleven of the 19 patients were observed to have a progressive metastatic process that was reflected by the similar increase in the number and size of metastases in 5 of the 11 patients, as shown by both of the above techniques. In the remaining 6 of the 11 patients, the number of newly detected liver tumors proved to be larger at DW-MRI than at intravenous contrast-enhanced MRI. Both techniques showed that the last patient of the 19 cases had a decrease in the number of small liver metastases that maintained their sizes (less than 1 cm).

Conclusion.DW-MRI has been shown to be much more effective in detecting metastases than conventional intravenous contrast-enhanced MRI, which necessitates the inclusion of this technique in standard abdominal MRI protocols for patients with liver metastasis.