bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giv‘at Rabbi
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Yaroshevich Alla
Published: December 2024

In September-December 2013, a trial excavation was conducted on the
hill of Giv'at Rabbi and to its east (Permit No. A-6905; map ref.
225446-7063/736500-7573), prior to widening Highway 79 and developing the
junction at the entrance to Nazareth and the city's industrial area. The
excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by
A. Yaroshevich (field and studio photography), with the assistance of M.
Shemer, F. Abu Zidan, Y. Gur and R. Liran (area supervision), W. Atrash and
Z. Horowitz (consultation), Y. Ya'aqobi and Y. Lavan (administration), R.
Mishayev and M. Cohen (surveying and drafting), Y. Bibas (field photography)
and F. Fartush of Skyview Company (aerial photography). Y. Gur performed a
preliminary survey of the area.
Ḥorbat Avi Zera‘
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lifshits Vladik
Published: December 2024

In January-February 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted at Horbat
Avi Zera' (Permit No. A-6990; map ref. 173180/606855; Fig. 1), after the
site was damaged due to cultivation. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Kibbutz Hazerim, was
directed by V. Lifshits (field photography), with the assistance of Y.
Al-'Amor (administration), M. Kunin, A. Hajian and N. Zak (surveying,
drafting and plan), A. Ganor and S. Ganor (metal detection), I.
Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), D.T. Ariel (numismatics) and C. Sari
(processing of metallic objects).
Ḥorbat Bizqa (North)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Danziger Omri
Published: December 2024

In March 2015 an excavation was conducted near Horbat Bizqa, in the
Ishparo Center industrial region of Modi'in (Permit No. A-7370; map ref.
196600/643475; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a factory. The
excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by T.N.I.A.A. Investments, Ltd., was directed by O. Danziger, with
the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), M. Kahan (surveying), A.
Fadida (photography), I. Kornfeld (trial trenches), N. Zak (drafting), V.
Nosikovsky (metallurgical laboratory) and D.T. Ariel (numismatics).
Ḥorbat Migdal MalḤa
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Oren Eliran
Published: December 2024

In May-June 2015, a trial excavation was conducted at Migdal Malha
(Permit No. A-7424; map ref. 194156-88/731627-714), prior to the
construction of a road. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Construction and
Housing, was directed by E. Oren (field photography), with the assistance of
Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration) and R. Mishayev (surveying and
drawing). Additional help was provided by K. Sa'id and L. Talmi.
Yehud, Ha-‘Azma’ut Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Jakoel Eriola ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Be’eri Ron
Published: December 2024

In July-August 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted on Ha-'Azma'ut
Street in Yehud (Permit No. A-7166; map ref. 189721-72/659497-589), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Azorim Company, was directed by E. Jakoel,
with the assistance of Y. Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), D. Masarwa,
L. Golan and R. Toueg (preliminary inspections and preparation of the
excavation area), Y. Elisha, L. Drezner, A. Danziger, L. Nadav-Ziv and D.
Shahar (area supervision), A. Buchennino, I. Horn, Y. Jack-Levi, B. Ovadiah,
D. Ackerfeld, S. Leshem, G. Stern, G. Nirhan and D. Weinberger (assistant
area supervisors), S. Ajami, T. Ajami and N. Elisha (data processing), U.
'Ad and L. Weinblum (computing), R. Mishayev, R. Liran, A. Hajian, M. Kunin
and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), C. Ben-Ari and A. Dagot (GPS), A.
Peretz and S. Ammami (field photography), Skyview Company (aerial
photography), C. Amit (studio photography), M. Shuiskaya (field drawings and
pottery drawing), P. Gendelman, R. Beeri and E. van den Brink (ceramics), D.
Ben-Tor (scarabs), I. Ktalav (mollusks), I. Ziffer (cylinder seal), Y. Nagar
and V. Eshed (physical anthropology), E. Kamaisky (pottery restoration), N.
Marom (archaeozoology), L. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), D.T.
Ariel (numismatics), D. Namdar (residue analysis), A. Cohen-Weinberger
(petrography), A. Gorzalczany (scientific guidance), Z. Greenhut and N.
Or-Lev (consultation). Additional assistance was rendered by Y. Levi, A.
Azab, G. Itach, A. Shadman, A. Glick and M. Ajami.
Jerusalem, Sheikh Jarrah, the American Colony
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lieberman Tehillah
Published: December 2024

In March-April 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Sheikh
Jarrah neighborhood of Jerusalem, c. 1 km northwest of Damascus Gate and c.
0.5 km north of the line of the Third Wall (Permit No. A-7373; map ref.
221690-8/633126-34; Fig. 1), in an area slated for the construction of a
residential building. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the developer, Mr. Omar Bitar, was
directed by T. Lieberman (photography), with the assistance of N. Nehama and
R. Abu Halaf (administration), M. Kahan (surveying), D. Tanami (antiquities
inspection and metal detection) and I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing).
Jerusalem, Nahal Raqqafot
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lieberman Tehillah
Published: December 2024

In April 2015, a trial excavation was conducted in Nahal Raqqafot in
Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7390; map ref. 217948-8178/630541-756; Fig. 1),
prior to the construction of Road 16. The excavation, undertaken on behalf
of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Netivei Israel, was
directed by T. Lieberman, with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration),
M. Kahan (surveying), A. Fadida (photography), D. Tanami (metal detection)
and D.T. Ariel (numismatics).
Ẓippori – 2015
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Weiss Zeev
Published: December 2024

In June-July 2015, another season of excavations was conducted at
Zippori in memory of Ursula Johanna and Fritz Werner Blumenthal of Perth,
Western Australia (License No. G-47/2015; map ref. 22660-780/73975-4000).
The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Institute of Archaeology of the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was directed by Z. Weiss, with the
assistance of S. Miller, A. Ecker and H. Silberklang (area supervision), R.
Dadon-Kozak, D. Rubin and A. Ben Haim (assistant area supervisors), A. Iamim
(surveying), M. Lavi (metallurgical laboratory), G. Bijovsky (numismatics),
G. Laron (photography), the Griffin Aerial Imaging (aerial photography), M.
Subhi (administration), R. Dadon-Kozak (office) and D. Rubin (computing). In
addition, the staff of the Zippori National Park, headed by Mr. Y. Yonash,
assisted in the excavation and the preliminary conservation of the finds in
the field. Students from the Hebrew University, twenty-seven laborers, and
young people from Moshav Zippori, participated in the excavation.
Jerusalem, Armon Ha-Naẓiv
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Adawi Zubair
Published: December 2024

In November-December 2006 and October-November 2007, two excavation
seasons were conducted in the Jebel Mukkabbir neighborhood, northeast of
Armon Ha-Naziv (Permit Nos. A-4955, A-5259; map ref. 223050-175/628840-925),
prior to widening the old Bethlehem road. The excavations, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the D. Gal
Investments Company, were directed by Z. 'Adawi, with the assistance of R.
Abu Halaf and Y. Ohayon (administration), N. Sa'id-Agha (area supervision),
B. Touri and A. Nagar (antiquities inspection), D. Pirsky, T. Kornfeld, M.
Kipnis, M. Kunin, V. Essman and N. Zak (surveying and drafting), T. Sagiv
(field photography), S. Al-'Amlah (metal detection), C. Amit (studio
photography), Y. Rapuano and R. Bar-Nathan (pottery reading), R. Gat
(pottery restoration), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (drawing of finds), G. Beiner, L.
Kupershmidt, E. Libman and R. Vinitsky (metallurgical laboratory), Y.
Gorin-Rosen and N. Katsnelson (glass), D.T. Ariel (numismatics) and O. Raviv
(stone laboratory). Additional assistance was provided by M. Bazbaz of the
Tidhar Company and R. Reiselman of the Ehud Tayar Management and Engineering
Company, Ltd.
Bet She’an, Railway Station
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Har’el Ya‘aqov
Published: December 2024

In October 2013, a trial excavation was conducted at Bet She'an (Permit
No. A-6918; map ref. 24536-674/71297-427; Fig. 1), following damage to
antiquities during work on the construction of a new railway station. The
excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by the Israel National Roads Company, Ltd., was directed by Y.
Harel, with the assistance of Y. Lavan (administration), M. Kunin and A.
Hajian (surveying and drafting), Y. Bibas (field photography), D. Syon
(metal detection), W. Atrash (ceramics), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing),
Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), R. Cohen (metallurgical laboratory) and D.T. Ariel
(numismatics).
Gan Soreq
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Ad Uzi
Published: December 2024

In 2004-2005, several excavation seasons were conducted at the site of
Gan Soreq, north of Moshav Gan Soreq and south of Highway 4 (Permit Nos.
A-4009, A-4248; map ref. 1781/6511), prior to construction of a commercial
center and a reservoir of waste-water in the Soreq industrial zone. The
excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by the Rishon Le-Ziyyon Corporation for Economic Development and
the Mekorot Company, was directed by U. 'Ad, with the assistance of A.
Dagot, K. Sa'id, P. Gendelman, M. Molokandov, K. Edrey, S. Ben-Dor Avin, F.
Volynsky, O. Shmueli, A. Gorzalczany, A. Buchennino, L. Rauchberger and A.
Glick (area supervision and antiquities inspection), S. Ya'aqov-Jam, E.
Bachar and Y. Ohayon (administration), A. Hajian and V. Pirsky (surveying
and drafting), T. Sagiv (field photography), the Sky View Company (aerial
photography), S. Amrah and R. Chen (metal detection), N. Zak (plans), M.
Sadeh (archaeozoology), O. Marder and D. Rosenberg (prehistory and flint
tools) and Y. Nagar (physical anthropology). Additional assistance was
rendered by the workers and foremen of Mekorot.
Tel Esur 2010–2012
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Bar Shay
Published: December 2024

In October 2010, September-October 2011 and September 2012, excavations
were conducted at Tel Esur (License No. G-18/2011; map ref. 20204/70981;
Fig. 1). The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Zinman Institute of
Archaeology at the University of Haifa and financed by the Menashe Regional
Council, the Samaria and Jordan Valley Survey Association and the
Association of Friends of Itzik, were directed by S. Bar, with the
assistance of A. Zertal (scientific guidance), A. Bar Hadas, Y. Shalev, H.
Ben-Basat, H. Cohen-Klonymus, S. Pinsky, Y. Gekht and I. Samet (area
supervision), S. Haad (drawing of finds and plans) and R. Shafir
(conservation).
Zur Natan, Khirbat Majdal
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Durar ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gorin-Rosen Yael ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Eshed Vered
Published: December 2024

In December 2010-January 2011, a trial excavation was conducted in the
eastern part of Khirbat Majdal, c. 1 km northeast of the tomb of Sheikh
Musharaf (Permit No. A-6074; map ref. 201100-350/683200-90; Fig. 1), prior
to widening the road to Zur Natan. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Department of Public
Works, was directed by D. Masarwa, with the assistance of A. Masarwa (IAA
Haifa District antiquities inspector), A. Re'em (IAA Central District
archaeologist), A. 'Azab (IAA district inspector), A. Gorzalczany
(archaeological guidance), Y. Amrani (administration), R. Mishayev and M.
Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (photography), C. Ben-Ari (GPS),
P. Gendelman (pottery reading), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), Y.
Gorin-Rosen (glass processing), A. Ganor (glass restoration), C. Amit (glass
photography) and L. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory).
Jerusalem, Shikune Nusseiba
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Billig Ya’akov
Published: December 2024

In November 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Beit Hanina
neighborhood of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7242; map ref.
221005-131/637620-653; Fig. 1), prior to paving Highway 301. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the
Moriah-Jerusalem Development Company, Ltd., was directed by Y. Billig, with
the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), A. Peretz (field photography),
V. Essman and Y. Shmidov (surveying and drafting), D. Tanami (metal
detection), the Sky View Company (aerial photography) and D. Porotzki
(plans).
Ramla, Shunit Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Toueg Ron ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gorin-Rosen Yael ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Amitai-Preiss Nitzan ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sade Moshe
Published: December 2024

In October 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted adjacent to Shunit
Street in Ramla (Permit No. A-6617; map ref. 188332-75/649135-206; Fig. 1),
prior to the construction of two apartment complexes. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the
Mordechai Aviv Building Industries Company, Ltd., was directed by R. Toueg,
with the assistance of L. Golan (area supervision), Y. Amrani and E. Bachar
(administration), R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A.
Dagot and C. Ben-Ari (GPS), A. Peretz (field photography), R. Assis (trial
trenches), D. Porotsky (plans), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), H. Torgë
(ceramics), T. Gonen (pottery restoration), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing),
C. Hersch (glass drawing), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), M. Sadeh
(archaeozoology), N. Amitai-Preiss (bronze weight), C. Amit (studio
photography), R. Vinitsky (metallurgical laboratory) and R. Kool
(numismatics).
Lehavim (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kobrin Federico
Published: December 2024

In May-June 2015, a trial excavation was conducted on the northern bank
of Nahal Pehar south of Lehavim (Permit No. A-7415; map ref.
181121-60/585119-71; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the
Israel Lands Authority, was directed by F. Kobrin, with the assistance of V.
Lifshitz (preliminary inspections), Y. Al-'Amor (administration), V. Essman
and Y. Shimdov (surveying and drafting), D. Porotzki (plan), A. Peretz
(field photography), the Sky View Company (aerial photography), I.
Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing) and C. Amit (studio photography).
Jerusalem, Har Ḥoma (Northwest)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Billig Ya’akov
Published: December 2024

In January 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted northwest of the
Har Homa neighborhood in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7300; map ref.
220477-514/626432-51), after antiquities were damaged while widening the
road. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Ministry of Construction and Housing, was
directed by Y. Billig, with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), D.
Tanami (metal detection, photography and assistance in the excavation), A.
Hajian and M. Kunin (surveying and drafting), A. Fadida (field photography),
N. Zak and S. Itkis (plans), and E. Boaretto and Y. Regev of the Weizmann
Institute of Science (C14 dating).
Ḥorbat Ezra
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ganor Amir ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Klein Eitan
Published: December 2024

In 2013-2014, an elaborate underground complex was documented at Horbat
Ezra, northeast of Moshav Amazya (Permit No. A-7292/2014-01; map ref.
192543/606831), after it was breached by antiquities robbers. The
documentation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed
by E. Klein (field photography and drafting) and A. Ganor, with the
assistance of I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing) and C. Amit (studio
photography).
Nahal ‘Ada (North)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Oren Eliran
Published: December 2024

In January-February 2015, an excavation was conducted in an
agricultural area west of Kibbutz Regevim and Highway 6533, and east of
Highway 6 (Permit No. A-7326; map ref. 202958-83/715047-95), following
preliminary inspections in an area slated for the installation of a gas
pipeline. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by Israel Natural Gas Pipeline Company, was directed
by E. Oren, with the assistance of E. Bachar and Y. Amrani (administration),
A. Dagot (GPS), P. Gendelman (pottery reading) and M. Shuiskaya (pottery
drawing).
Harish
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Rauchberger Lior ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Nagar Yossi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gorin-Rosen Yael ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Yaroshevich Alla ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Hater Mohammed
Published: December 2024

In May 2015, a trial excavation was conducted at a site located between
Highway 6 and Harish (Permit No. A-7421; map ref. 203567-91/707795-837; Fig.
1). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority
and financed by the Israel Natural Gas Company, was directed by M. Hater
(field photography), with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), M.
Kahan (surveying and drafting), C. Sa'id and M. Masarwa.
Jerusalem, Sanhedriyya
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zilberbod Irina
Published: December 2024

In August 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted on Nissan Beck
Street in the neighborhood of Sanhedriyya in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7495;
map ref. 220871/633700), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken
on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Leah Charney,
was directed by I. Zilberbod, with the assistance of N. Nehama
(administration), A. Peretz (field photography), E. Belashov (surveying and
drafting) and I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing).
Yafi‘a
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Shemer Maayan
Published: December 2024

In June 2015, a trial excavation was conducted at Yafi'a (Permit No.
A-7441; map ref. 226509/732145; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The
excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by A. Udah, was directed by M. Shemer, with the assistance of Y.
Ya'aqobi and B. Zidan (administration), K. Covello-Paran (scientific
guidance), M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), I. Delerson(plans), D.
Avshalom-Gorni, Y. Alexandre and N. Feig (ceramics) and laborers from Yafi'a
and Qiryat Tivon.
Ashqelon, Barne‘a
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Peretz Ilan
Published: December 2024

In May 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted along Yo'ash Ben Gideon
Street in Ashqelon's Barneʻa neighborhood (Permit No. A-6497; map
ref. 159169-228/621886-963), prior to construction. The excavation,
undertaken by the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Afridar
company, was directed by I. Peretz. The glass finds were studied by T.
Winter, and G. Bijovsky studied the coins. The excavation yielded building
remains from the Roman through the Early Islamic periods. For the full
report, see links below.
Jerusalem, Binyene Ha-Umma
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ben-Ari Natan
Published: December 2024

In May-June and November 2015, trial and salvage excavations were
conducted in the old Foreign Ministry compound in Jerusalem, between Binyene
Ha-Umma and Bet Ha-Hayyal (the Soldier's House) (Permit Nos. A-7418, A-7558;
map ref. 219451-519/632324-433; Fig. 1), prior to construction. The
excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by the Rassco Company, were directed by N. Ben-Ari (field
photography), with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), V. Essman,
Y. Shmidov and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field
photography), A. Wiegmann (GPS), A. Re'em and C. Arbib (consultation), D.
Porotsky (plans) and A. Verker of the Rassco Company. The digging of trial
trenches and antiquities inspections prior to the excavation were supervised
by D. Gellman, D. Tanami, E. Kapil and S. Leshem.
Khirbat Jannaba et-Tahta
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Peretz Assaf ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Tsur Yoav
Published: December 2024

In July-August 2014, a trial excavation was conducted along the fringes
of Khirbat Jannaba et-Tahta, south of Ha-'Ela Junction (Permit No. A-7179;
map ref. 194999-5037/621414-562), prior to widening Highway 38, which
crosses the site. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority, was directed by Y. Tzur, with the assistance of Y. Huster (area
supervisor), Y. Al-'Amor (administration), M. Kunin, A. Hajian and M. Kahan
(surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (photo and inscription), R. Bar-Nathan
(ceramics), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), S. Gendler (metal
detection), B.Ouahnouna (glass), A. Zilberstein (chalk vessels), and D.
Ben-Ami and T. Tzuk (scientific consultation).
Kafr Kanna (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Abu Zedan Fadi
Published: December 2024

In January 2014, a trial excavation was conducted on a hill, called
Didba Hill by the inhabitants of Mash-had, east of Highway 754, south of
Kafr Kanna and southeast of Mash-had (Permit No. A-6999; map ref.
231150-550/737850-738100; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a
residential neighborhood. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority, was directed by F. Abu Zedan, with the assistance of
Y. Lavan (administration), Y. Bibas (photography), R. Mishayev and M. Kahan
(surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro (GPS), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing)
and laborers from Kafr Manda.
Bet She‘an, Tel Iẓṭabba
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Atrash Walid
Published: December 2024

In December 2005 and in April-May 2007, two trial excavations were
conducted at Tel Iztabba (Permit No. A-4652-map ref. 247275/713040; Permit
A-5119-map ref. 247165/713074), prior to the construction of refrigerated
warehouses and a gas station. The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ovnish Shalom Quality
Furniture Company, Ltd. and the M.A.G. Tavor Company, Ltd, were directed by
W. Atrash, with the assistance of Y. Lavan and Y. Ya‘aqobi (administration),
A. Hajian, T. Meltsen and Y. Kadosh (surveying and drafting), H. Smithline
(photography), A. Shapiro (GPS), N. Feig (pottery), L. Porat (pottery
restoration), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing), R. Vinitsky (metallurgical
laboratory) and R. Kool (numismatics).
Ramla, Mordechai Ha-Yehudi Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Torgë Hagit
Published: December 2024

In January-February 2005, a salvage excavation was conducted on
Mordechai Ha-Yehudi Street in Ramla, along the planned route of an Israel
Railways Authority railroad track (Permit No. A-4851; map ref.
18800-4/64885-900; Fig. 1). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by H. Torgë. R. Kool identified
the coins. The excavation yielded scant building remains, most probably
dwellings and adjacent installations, from the Ealry Islamic period (the
second half of the eighth century to the eleventh century CE). For the full
report, see link below.
Tel Gat Hefer
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Feig Nurit
Published: December 2024

In December 2015, an excavation was conducted at Tel Gat Hefer (Permit
No. A-7581; map ref. 230368-442/738131-200; Fig. 1), prior to construction.
The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
financed by the Netivei Israel Company, was directed by N. Feig (field
photography), with the assistance of Y. Ya‘aqobi (administration), R.
Mishayev and R. Liran (surveying), N. Zak (drafting) and H. Tahan-Rosen
(pottery drawing).
‘Akko, Corner of Remez and Herzl Streets
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gosker Joppe
Published: December 2024

In November and December 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted at
the corner of Remez and Herzl Streets in 'Akko (Permit No. A-7531; map ref.
207986-8050/759207-94; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a residential
building. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was
directed by J. Gosker (field photography), with the assistance of Y.
Ya'aqobi (administration), M. Kahan (surveying), Y. Lerer (metal detection),
N. Getzov (pottery consultation), D. Syon (numismatics), K. Covello-Paran
(scientific guidance), Z. Horowitz and laborers from Majd al-Krum.
Jerusalem, Beit Ṣafafa
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Adawi Zubair
Published: December 2024

In January 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Beit Safafa
neighborhood of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-7298; map ref.
218485-505/628040-050; Fig. 1), after mechanical equipment damaged two
burial caves. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by K. Alian, was directed by Z. ‘Adawi, with the
assistance of A. Hajian and M. Kunin (surveying), D. Levi (GPS), A. Peretz
(photography), D. Tanami (metal detection) and N. Zak (drafting).
Horbat Parva
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Alexandre Yardenna
Published: December 2024

In August 2015, a small salvage excavation was carried out at Horbat
Parva (Farwana, Tulul Farwana, Rehov; Permit No. A-7509; map ref.
246580/707920, after it was damaged by earthworks carried out by the 'Emeq
Ha-Ma'ayanot Regional Council when preparing a bicycle trail alongside Road
90, five km south of Bet She'an. The excavation, conducted on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by Y. Alexandre with the
assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), O. Zidan (GPS), D. Porotsky
(final drafting), A. Shapiro (location map), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery
drawing), Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass processing), I. Raznisky (metallurgical
laboratory) and D. Ariel (numismatics).
Bet She‘an, El-Muntar el-Abyad
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Atrash Walid
Published: December 2024

In November-December 2009, a trial excavation was conducted at
El-Muntar el-Abyad, south of Bet She‘an (Permit No. A-5773; map ref.
246492-749/710583-645), prior to the construction of a residential
neighborhood. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Ministry of Construction and Housing, was
directed by W. Atrash (photography), with the assistance of Y. Harel (area
supervision), Y. Kadosh (research assistant), Y. Ya‘aqobi and Y. Lavan
(administration), Y. Nemichnitzer and T. Meltsen (surveying and drafting),
A. Shapiro (GPS), H. Rosenstein (metallurgical laboratory) and R. Kool
(numismatics).
Tel Rekhesh – 2014
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paz Yitzhak ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Hasegawa Shuichi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kuwabara Hisao
Published: December 2024

In August 2014, the eighth season of excavations and restoration was
conducted at Tel Rekhesh (License No. G-56/2014; map ref. 243776/728600).
The excavation, undertaken on behalf of Tenri and Rikkyo (Tokyo)
Universities in Japan and underwritten by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (KAKENHI; A-Subject No. 25257008; B-Subject No. 25300022) and
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) for New Research (Subject No.
25101502) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, was directed by
H. Kuwabara (Tenri University), S. Hasegawa (Rikkyo University) and Y. Paz
(IAA and Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva'). The expedition included S.
Miyazaki, T. Yamayoshi, T. Onozuka, J.U. Ro and C. Yasui (area supervision),
H. Hino, N. Yamauchi, H. Tsumoto and H. Odagi (surveying and photography),
Z. Gal (administration) and A. Genach (preservation).
Bet Shemesh, Ramat Bet Shemesh
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, German Natalia
Published: December 2024

In May 2014, an excavation was conducted in Neighborhood C2 in Ramat
Bet Shemesh (Permit No. A-7097; map ref. 199437-69/623314-79; Fig. 1), prior
to development works. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Construction and
Housing, was directed by N. German, with the assistance of N. Nahama
(administration), A. Hajian and M. Kunin (surveying and drafting) and A.
Peretz (field photography).
‘Illuṭ
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dalali-Amos Edna ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Tepper Yotam
Published: December 2024

In February 2013, a salvage excavation was conducted in the village of
'Illuṭ, in the Lower Galilee (Permit No. A-6678; map ref.
224615/735759), prior to the construction of a kindergarten. The excavation,
on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by E.
Dalali-Amos (field photography), with the assistance of Y. Tepper and W.
Atrash (scientific guidance), Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), R. Liron
(surveying and drafting), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing) and laborers from
Nazareth.
Jerusalem, the Old City
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

In September 2008, a salvage excavation was conducted on Hush Saqsaq
alley, at 65 Apostles (Ha-Shelikhim) Street in the Christian Quarter of the
Old City of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5488; map ref. 221723/631846; Fig. 1),
prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by theCustody of the Holy Land, was
directed by A. Landes-Nagar, with the assistance of Y. Ohayon
(administration), T. Kornfeld and M. Kipnis (surveying and drafting), T.
Sagiv and V. Fitelman (field photography), N. Ze'evi (photographic archive),
C. Hersch (pottery drawing), M. Avissar and H. Barbé (pottery
reading) and Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass).
Tel Aviv, Ramat Ha-Hayyal
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haddad Elie ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ouahnouna Brigitte ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Shiff Menachem ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Itach Gilad
Published: December 2024

In January-February 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted at 11
Ha-Barzel Street in the Ramat Ha-Hayyal neighborhood of Tel Aviv (Khirbat
el-Hadra; Permit No. A-7020; map ref. 184696-788/668264-360; Fig. 1), prior
to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Sufrin Group, was directed by E.
Haddad, with the assistance of I. Marmelstein and A. Buchennino (preliminary
inspections), G. Itach (area supervision), M. Schiff (preliminary
inspections and area supervision), Y. Amrani, E. Bachar and N. Nahama
(administration), R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A.
Peretz (field photography), C. Ben-Ari (GPS), the BMC Company (aerial
photography), E. Ayalon of the Eretz Israel Museum (consultation regarding
ancient pumping installations), T. Tsuk of the Nature and Parks Authority
(consultation regarding ancient water reservoirs), A. Gorzalczany
(scientific guidance), F. Vitto and R. Bar-Nathan (consultation), N. Zak
(plans), B. Ouahnouna (glass), I. Lidsky-Reznikov (pottery drawing), C. Amit
(studio photography), R. Kool (numismatics) and I. Raznitsky (metallurgical
laboratory).Additional assistance was rendered by U. ‘Ad, D. Barkan, M.
Ajami and M. Shrulnik of the IAA and A. Muasi on behalf of the contractor.
Jerusalem, ‘En Kerem
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

In March-August 2009, trial and salvage excavations were conducted on
Ha-Ma‘ayan Street, in ‘En Kerem, Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5630; map ref.
215325-68/630303-37; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of an observation
post and public toilets. The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Tourism, were directed
by A. Landes-Nagar, with the assistance of R. Abu Halaf and Y. Ohayon
(administration), B. Antin, A. Hajian, M. Kunin, T. Kornfeld and M. Kipnis
(surveying and drafting), E. Belashov and T. Kornfeld (plans), A. Peretz
(field photography), M. Avissar (ceramics), N. Katsnelson and B. Ouahnouna
(glass finds; see Appendix), Y. Kupershmidt and H. Shor (metallurgical
laboratory), D.T. Ariel (numismatics ), A. Berman (identification of seal),
I. Lidsky-Reznikov and C. Hersch (drawing of finds) and C. Amit (studio
photography). In March-August 2009, trial and salvage excavations were
conducted on Ha-Ma‘ayan Street, in ‘En Kerem, Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5630;
map ref. 215325-68/630303-37; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of an
observation post and public toilets. The excavations, undertaken on behalf
of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Tourism,
were directed by A. Landes-Nagar, with the assistance of R. Abu Halaf and Y.
Ohayon (administration), B. Antin, A. Hajian, M. Kunin, T. Kornfeld and M.
Kipnis (surveying and drafting), E. Belashov and T. Kornfeld (plans), A.
Peretz (field photography), M. Avissar (ceramics), N. Katsnelson and B.
Ouahnouna (glass finds; see Appendix), Y. Kupershmidt and H. Shor
(metallurgical laboratory), D.T. Ariel (numismatics ), A. Berman
(identification of seal), I. Lidsky-Reznikov and C. Hersch (drawing of
finds) and C. Amit (studio photography).
Jerusalem, the Old City, IDF House
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Avner Rina ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Avissar Miriam ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, de Vincenz Anna
Published: December 2024

From October 2007 to March 2008, a trial excavation was intermittently
conducted beneath the floors of a building known as the IDF House (Bet
Zahal) at the corner of the Street of the Chain (Bab el-Silsileh) and
Ma'alot Ha-Rav Getz Street in the Old City of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5276,
map ref. 222164-5/631569-70; Avner, Ariel and Rubanovich 2012), prior to
renovations. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by Daniel Landski Architects Ltd., was directed
by R. Avner and Y. Billig. M. Avissar studied the ceramic assemblage; N.
Amitai-Preiss and A. de Vincenz studied an inscribed clay pipe; N.
Amitai-Preiss studied also the jug bearing a Persian poem. The majority of
ceramic finds from the site date from the Ottoman period
(sixteenth-nineteenth centuries CE); several finds date from the late
Byzantine - beginning of the Early Islamic periods; and the inscribed jug is
dated to the fifteenth century CE. Avner R., Ariel D.T. and Rubanovich J.
2012. Jerusalem, the Old City, IDF House. HA-ESI 124. For the full report,
see links below.
‘En Perat
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Freiman Eyal
Published: December 2024

In January 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted in a burial cave at
the ‘En Perat Nature Reserve (Judea and Samaria License No. 2-3-2014; map
ref. 229565/637810; Fig. 1), after an antiquities robbery occurred in the
area. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Archaeological Staff
Officer of Judea and Samaria and financed by the Nature and Parks Authority
and the Archaeological Staff Officer of Judea and Samaria, was directed by
E. Freiman (field photography), with the assistance of P. Portnov (surveying
and drafting), A. Harel (illustrations), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology)
and inspectors of the Nature and Parks Authority (excavation).
Modi‘in, Einav Center
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Oren Eliran
Published: December 2024

In November 2015, a salvage excavation was conducted near Einav Center
in Modi'in (Permit No. A-7549; map ref. 196315-53/644298-353; Fig. 1), prior
to development work initiated by the Israel Railways. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the
Israel Railways, was directed by E. Oren (field photography), with the
assistance of E. Bachar and Y. Amrani (administration), Y. Agmon
(preliminary inspections) and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting).
Niẓẓane Sinai
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Pasternak Martin David
Published: December 2024

In February 2016, a salvage excavation was conducted at the Nitzzane
Sinai site (Qadesh Barne'a; Permit No. A-7626; map ref.
142392-725/537116-467; Fig. 1), prior to development. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the
Qadesh Barne'a Local Council, was directed by M.D. Pasternak, with the
assistance of Y. Haimi (consultation and photography) and laborers from
Qadesh Barne'a.
Jerusalem, Naḥal Raqqafot
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Adawi Zubair ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dolinka Benjamin J.
Published: December 2024

In July 2013, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Giv‘at
Mordechai neighborhood of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6850; map ref.
16807-11/13048-50; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of student
dormitories. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Lev Academic Center, was directed by Z.
‘Adawi, with the assistance of N. Nehama and N. Sanduka (administration), A.
Hajian (surveying and drafting), D. Levi (GPS), A. Peretz (photography), S.
Al-'Amleh (metal detection), A. Nagar and A. Novoselesky (antiquities
inspection), B. Dolinka and R. Bar-Nathan (ceramics), I. Lidsky-Reznikov
(pottery drawing), Y. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), D.T. Ariel
(numismatics) and Y. Magen (consultation).
Bet Shemesh, Ramat Bet Shemesh, Neighborhood D2 (A)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haber Michal
Published: December 2024

In August 2014, a trial excavation was conducted at Ramat Bet Shemesh
(Permit No. A-7199; map ref. 197717-979/624262-458; Fig. 1), prior to the
construction of Neighborhood D2. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Housing, was
directed by M. Haber, with the assistance of M. Kahan (surveying and
drafting), N. Nehama (administration) and A. Peretz (field photography).
Kafr Bara
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Eshed Vered
Published: December 2024

In November-December 2015, a trial excavation was conducted at Kafr
Bara (Permit No. A-7538; map ref. 196916-7697/670965-1330; Fig. 1), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Kafr Bara Local Council, was directed by V.
Eshed (field photography), with the assistance of Y. Amrani
(administration), A. Dagot (GPS), M. Kunin (surveying and drafting) and H.
Torgë (pottery reading).
Shavé Ziyyon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Shalem Dina ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aviam Mordechai
Published: December 2024

In March 2010, an excavation was conducted at the Weinstein house in
Shavé Ziyyon, at the corner of Ha-Dekel and Ha-Vered Streets
(License No. G-2/2010; map ref. 20823/76544; Fig. 1), at the request of the
homeowner to re-expose and conserve a section of a mosaic located in the
courtyard. The excavation, on behalf of the Zinman Institute of Archeology
of the University of Haifa, was directed by D. Shalem, with the assistance
of M. Aviam and Y. Drey (mosaic conservation, restoration and photograph of
the reliquarium). Students from the University of Miami participated in the
excavation, on behalf of the Kinneret Institute for Galilean Archeology.
Bet Shemesh, Ramat Bet Shemesh C
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ein Mor Daniel
Published: December 2024

In January 2014 an excavation was conducted in Ramat Bet Shemesh, along
the eastern slope of a hill (Spot Height 411) that descends south to north
toward Nahal Yarmut (Permit No. A-7003; map ref. 199565-609/623211-55; Fig.
1), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by the Ministry of Housing, was
directed by D. Ein-Mor (photography), with the assistance of N. Nahama
(administration), S. Gendler (inspection) and A. Hajian and M. Kunin
(surveying).
Ḥorbat Kevara (West)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dray Yehoshua ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Marwan ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gonen Ilana
Published: December 2024

In December 2017, a trial excavation was conducted northwest of Horbat
Kevara (Kh. Kabara; Kevara West; Permit No. A-8131; map ref.
193676-775/718760-834; Fig. 1), prior to the regulation of the course of
Nahal Kevara. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and funded by the Carmel Drainage Authority and the Restoration of
Ancient Technology Center, was directed by Y. Dray (photography), M. Masarwa
and I. Gonen (photography), with the assistance of J. Shmidov and R.
Mishayev (surveying and drafting), D. Yanzen (aerial photography), P.
Gendelman (pottery), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), Y. Sever (water
salinity analysis), N. Liphschitz (archaeobotany) and ETH Zurich, Laboratory
of Ion Beam Physics (radiocarbon dating).
Tel Dor – 2016
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sharon Ilan ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gilboa Ayelet ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Matskevich Sveta ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Yasur-Landau Assaf ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Martin S. Rebecca ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Shahack-Gross Ruth
Published: December 2024

The 33rd excavation season at Tel Dor (License No. G-75/2016; map ref.
1922-27/7246-50) was carried out in July 2016. The excavation was directed
by I. Sharon (the Hebrew University), A. Gilboa (the University of Haifa),
A. Yasur-Landau (the University of Haifa) and S.R. Martin (Boston
University). The staff included A. Ratzlaff (Area D5 supervision), R.
Shahack-Gross (Area K supervision), K. Acquisto (Area D2 unit supervision),
H. Shochat (Area D5 unit supervision), P. Zajac (Area K unit supervision),
J. Quiery (D2 recording), T. Raz (D5 recording), I. Ogloblin (K recording),
S. Matskevich (architectural drafting), S. Mermelstein and J. Tafe
(registration and finds processing), B. Monnickendam-Givon (late pottery
analysis), E. Gerstein and I. Shapira (photography), R. Linn (architectural
conservation), R. Shafir (pottery restoration) and T. Uri (administration).
The excavators were overseas students and volunteers, and students from the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of Haifa. The expedition
was lodged at the Bet Oren Guesthouse and the working facilities were at the
CONRAD Ha-Mizgaga Museum at Kibbutz Nahsholim. The excavations were carried
out under the auspices of the Israel Exploration Society, and funded by the
Berman Center for Biblical Archaeology, the Zinman Institute of Archaeology
and the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, the
Goldhirsh-Yellin Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No.
209/14), the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and anonymous donors.
Four educational programs were conducted during the season: the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem and the University of Haifa study excavations, the
University of Haifa conservation course, and a field school in collaboration
with the International School of the University of Haifa.
Ḥorbat ‘Emed:The coins
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Bijovsky Gabriela
Published: December 2024

In March 2006, a salvage excavation was conducted at Horbat 'Emed in the
western Galilee, in groves belonging to Kibbutz Hanita (Permit No. A-4755;
map ref. 7714/2131). The excavation, conducted on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and financed by Kibbutz Hanita, was directed by H.
Tahan-Rosen. Y. Gorin-Rosen studied the glass finds, and G. Bijovsky
identified the coins. The excavation uncovered a building from the Late
Byzantine Period. For the full report, see links below.
Jerusalem, Gonen
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

During December 2004 and January 2005 a salvage excavation was conducted
in Jerusalem, between Amazya and Yehoshafat Streets (Permit Nos. A-4305*,
A-4349*; map ref. NIG 17995/67050; OIG 12995/17050), in the wake of plans to
enlarge the Rambam Synagogue compound. The excavation, on behalf of the
Antiquities Authority, was directed by A. Nagar, with the assistance of R.
Abu Khalaf (administration), V. Essman and V. Pirsky (surveying and
drafting), T. Sagiv (photography), C. Hersch (pottery drawing) and Y.
Gorin-Rosen and N. Katznelson (glass).
DOENÇAS EXANTEMÁTICAS NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DA RUBÉOLA E SARAMPO, NO PERÍODO DE 2020 A 2024
Authors: Oliveira Douglas dos Santos
Published: December 2024

Introdução: As doenças exantemáticas, como rubéola e sarampo, representam desafios importantes para a saúde pública no Brasil, especialmente devido ao seu alto potencial de transmissão e complicações associadas. Apesar dos esforços de controle e erradicação, surtos continuam a ocorrer, exigindo monitoramento contínuo. Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência e o comportamento epidemiológico da rubéola e do sarampo no Brasil entre 2020 e 2024, identificando tendências e desafios para o controle dessas doenças. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com análise de dados epidemiológicos fornecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde e pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Foram consideradas informações sobre notificações de casos, coberturas vacinais e surtos regionais ocorridos no período de 2020 a 2024. Resultados: Observou-se uma queda na cobertura vacinal, especialmente a partir de 2020, influenciada pela pandemia de COVID-19, que resultou em desafios logísticos e hesitação vacinal. O Sarampo apresentou surtos significativos, com casos concentrados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, enquanto a rubéola apresentou sob controle, sem registros de surtos relevantes. A reintrodução do sarampo, mesmo após a certificação de eliminação em 2016, destacou falhas no sistema de vigilância e imunização. Conclusão: A análise demonstra que a baixa cobertura vacinal foi determinante para o ressurgimento do Sarampo no Brasil, enquanto a rubéola se manteve controlada. É essencial reforçar políticas de imunização e vigilância epidemiológica para prevenir novos surtos e garantir a eliminação sustentada dessas doenças.