bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative learning and persistence in music education: Examining music self-perception as a mediator among adolescent students
Authors: Mawang Lucy L
Published: September 2024

Declining enrolments and low persistence in music education are universal concerns among music educators. Identifying social-cognitive constructs that might be predictive of adolescent student persistence may assist in the development of interventions aimed at promoting persistence in music education in a global context. Using quantitative measures, this study considers the relationships between collaborative learning, music self-perception and perceived task persistence among secondary music students in Kenya. Collaborative learning has been shown to effectively enhance students’ engagement by exposing them to diverse opinions and perspectives, which stimulates learning, persistence and performance. Positive music self-perception enhances students’ confidence, motivation and determination. However, peer appraisals and comparisons during collaborative learning may impact students’ music self-perception and how they are perceived by their peers, which consequently reflects on their learning behaviour. Results from multiple regression analyses revealed that collaborative learning and music self-perception had significant positive predictive values for perceived task persistence. The two variables jointly accounted for approximately 17% of the variance in perceived task persistence. Mediation analyses using PROCESS revealed that music self-perception partially mediates the relationship between collaborative learning and perceived task persistence.
Behavioral intentions and influencing factors of learning through mobile devices in medical education: A developing country's perspective
Authors: Bashir Faiza , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Malik Ammara
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mobile devices (m-devices) are transforming the global landscape of education. These handheld gadgets enhance medical students’ learning simultaneously. This study looked into the behavioral intentions of Pakistani medical students toward learning through m-devices.

Methods

Uses & gratifications theory and theory of planned behavior were adopted as conceptual frameworks. Data were collected from 310 medical students from 1st year to 5th year. The study used structural equation modeling to assess its hypotheses.

Results and Discussion

The results of this empirical investigation indicated that medical students opted for m-learning with the motivation of information-seeking and trust. Moreover, medical students perceived behavioral control is affected by information-seeking, trust, attitude, and subjective norms. Whereas, attitude, perceived behavioral control, information-seeking, and trust are positively associated with the behavioral intentions of medical students when they use their m-devices for academic purposes.

Practical implications

This study will shed light on several of practical implications for concerned policymakers to create strategies that will directly leverage m-learning in medical education from the eyes of less-resourced country (Pakistan). Moreover, this proposed conceptual model could increase the awareness of medical institutions and facilitate dealing with the impacts of these factors on students’ behavior.

Significance of the Study

To the best of our knowledge, this study is among a few attempts to understand medical students’ motivational factors behind their behavioral intentions while using m-devices academically. Resultantly, this study adds to the theoretical understanding of the variables influencing Pakistani medical students’ m-learning behavioral intention in this setting. Secondly, this proposed conceptual model could increase the awareness of medical institutions and facilitate dealing with the impacts of these factors on students’ behavior.
Facilitating home birth in perinatal palliative care: A case report
Authors: Bertaud Sophie , Kirven Rachel , Kirven Thomas , Harrop Emily , Crudgington Amanda , Wilkinson Dominic
Published: September 2024

Background:

Perinatal palliative care can offer compassionate support to families following diagnosis of a life-limiting illness, to enable them to make valued choices and the most of the time that they have with their newborn. However, home birth is usually only offered in low-risk pregnancies.

Case:

A couple who received an antenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and who had made a plan to provide palliative care to their baby after birth requested the option of a home birth.

Possible courses of action:

Recommend birth at hospital or explore the possibility of a home birth with perinatal palliative care support.

Formulation of a plan:

Multidisciplinary discussion and collaboration enabled a plan for home birth to be made which anticipated potential complications.

Outcome:

The baby was born at home and died on day 5 of life receiving outreach nursing, paediatric and palliative care support and buccal and oral opioids for symptom management. We include reflections from the family on the importance of this experience.

Lessons:

We provide a list of potential criteria for considering home birth in the setting of perinatal palliative care.

View:

Facilitating a home birth in the setting of perinatal palliative care is an option that can be hugely valued by families, but this service may be practically difficult to deliver in many contexts. Further research is needed to understand the preferences of women and families receiving perinatal palliative care.
Identification of core indicators for the integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals: An international Delphi study
Authors: Nevin Mary , Payne Sheila , Smith Valerie
Published: September 2024

Background:

Healthcare providers working in hospitals have significant exposure to patients with palliative care needs. For many patients, these needs often reflect non-specialist rather than specialist palliative care needs. Embedding a palliative care approach in acute hospital-based care however is challenging.

Aim:

To identify core indicators for the integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals.

Design:

A Delphi technique used three sequential online survey rounds. Preliminary indicators were identified in a concept analysis of a palliative care approach, and a systematic review of hospital-based healthcare providers’ views of a palliative care approach.

Participants:

An international expert panel of three key stakeholder groups (clinicians, researchers, patients/family members) participated in each Delphi round.

Results:

The Delphi participants were recruited from 12 countries; 97 individuals responded to round 1, 78 to round 2 and 72 to round 3 (74% overall response rate). Consensus was achieved (defined a priori as >70%) on 32 core indicators of a hospital-based palliative care approach, with five structural indicators (relating to infrastructure and governance), 21 organisational indicators (relating to clinical care processes) and six staff indicators (relating to training and support for healthcare providers).

Conclusions:

This study offers multi-level guidance for clinical practice, policy and research related to integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals, based on evidence and international consensus from major stakeholder groups. These core indicators provide a means to assess, review and communicate the core elements of a palliative care approach in hospitals.
AI as a Convivial Tool
Authors: Rindfleisch Aric , Kim Myoung , Lee Erica Ji Hyun
Published: September 2024

Grewal, Guha and Becker (2024) provide an insightful examination of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of marketing as well as its promises and perils for both individuals and society. In this commentary, we seek to enrich their contribution by proposing an alternative, yet complementary, perspective that conceptualizes AI as a convivial tool. We begin by examining recent AI research in the marketing domain in order to help distinguish research that examines AI as a technology vs. a tool. We then provide an overview of conviviality theory, explain how this theory can be applied to AI, and then identify its three key characteristics. We then put this theory to the test via a field study of AI usage among 136 university students. This initial examination provides support for our thesis and suggests that AI tools such as ChatGPT can enhance user autonomy, engagement and enjoyment. We conclude by discussing the implications of viewing AI as a convivial tool for both marketing thought and practice.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Traffic Sign Recognition Based on Multi-Sensor Perception Data
Authors: Huo Junyu , Wang Xuesong , Liu Qian , Wang Zhongren , Zhu Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

When traffic signs are blocked or faded, the ability of automated vehicles (AVs) to perceive and recognize them is lost or reduced. Previous research has improved and optimized the recognition algorithm but has not systematically analyzed the environmental and design factors that can lead to the AV’s failure to perceive and recognize traffic signs. This study uses the multiple sensors in the equipped vehicles of the Tongji University Road and Traffic Holographic Data Acquisition System to perceive and recognize traffic signs in six crash hotspots in Shanghai, China. Failure to recognize traffic signs was analyzed considering the influence of four sets of factors: traffic sign design, vehicle characteristics, environmental factors, and road design. A feature importance analysis was conducted utilizing the machine learning algorithm model CatBoost. Shapley additive explanation values were used to analyze the positive and negative relationships as well as the contribution rates of each influencing factor. The results revealed that the major factors influencing sign perception and recognition were positioning of traffic sign, lighting, blockage, cleanliness, fading, and reflectivity. Cleanliness had the most significant impact on the perception and recognition of traffic signs compared with the other influencing factors, and it also showed significant influencing interaction with the other factors. Fading was the second most important factor. The results of this study can guide designers of traffic signs to promote safety in mixed traffic environments that include both AVs and human-driven vehicles.
Effects of a Simulated Game and Doubleheader Inning on Peak Kinetics in Softball Pitching Across Pitch Types
Authors: Fava Anthony W. , Downs Talmage Jessica L. , van Hogerwou Thomas , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Softball pitchers frequently pitch at high volumes. Previous research has demonstrated changes in mechanics, range of motion, and perceived levels of fatigue and pain at high workloads. To date, little research has assessed changes in kinetics at high workloads across pitch types to understand the injury risk.

Purpose:

To examine changes in peak kinetics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the pitching arm throughout a simulated game and doubleheader inning.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 19 high school softball pitchers (mean age, 15.1 ± 1.5 years; mean height, 1.6 ± 0.2 m; mean weight, 76.3 ± 16.9 kg) participated. Pitchers threw 4 innings of 25 randomly assigned pitches to mimic a game's high pitch count. Participants then rested for 30 minutes before subsequently proceeding to pitch the first inning of a doubleheader. Each pitcher threw a fastball, drop ball, curveball, and changeup. Peak shoulder, elbow, and wrist kinetics were compared across the first, last, and doubleheader innings and pitch types.

Results:

Compared with the first inning, significant decreases in kinetics were observed at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in the last ( P < .016) and doubleheader ( P < .016) innings, particularly for shoulder and elbow compression force during the drop ball and curveball pitch types and wrist net force for all pitch types but the changeup. Significant decreases in elbow and wrist kinetics were observed during the changeup between the last and doubleheader innings ( P < .016). Furthermore, differences in kinetics were observed between pitch types ( P < .008); notably, the changeup had reduced kinetics compared with the fastball and breaking ball pitch types (drop ball, curveball) across innings.

Conclusion:

Across innings, attenuations in select joint kinetics of the pitching arm occurred that were specific to the pitch type. Across pitch types, peak kinetics was often greater during the fastball, while the changeup displayed the lowest peak kinetics.

Clinical Relevance:

The joints examined in this study are common sites of overuse injuries in pitchers. This work adds to previous findings on decrements in neuromuscular function as well as self-reported fatigue and pain with tournament-style pitching that may increase the injury risk. Collectively, these findings support developing a protocol combining functional testing and player-reported outcomes to aid sports specialists’ decisions for pitchers to continue to pitch or return to play, which may help prevent musculoskeletal injuries and time loss from sports participation.
Leading by Example: Identity Leadership and Mental Health in Men’s Sheds Members
Authors: Clarke James J. , Haslam S. Alexander , Sharman Leah S. , Guerrini Briana , Holmes Kirsten , Talbot Rebecca , Wild James , McEvoy Peter M.
Published: September 2024

The impact of leadership on members’ mental health outcomes in community-based mutual-aid organizations such as Men’s Shed is unknown. We analyzed (a) whether identity leadership is associated with Shed members’ mental health, and (b) whether these links are mediated by psychological safety, social network quality, and social identity. Path analysis on data collected from 162 Australian Men’s Shed members revealed statistically significant associations between identity leadership and each mechanism, and our model accounted for significant variance in mental health outcomes (14%–24%, ps < .001). Only social network quality and psychological safety were associated with unique variance in mental health outcomes. All indirect effects via social network quality and psychological safety were significant. These findings suggest the proposed mechanisms explain the relationship between identity leadership mental health outcomes in mutual-aid organizations such as Men’s Sheds.
A sustainable recycling process and its life cycle assessment for valorising post-consumer textile materials for thermal insulation applications
Authors: Karmakar Satya , Majumdar Abhijit , Butola Bhupendra Singh
Published: September 2024

The textile industry along with construction, electronics and plastic generate huge amounts of waste posing challenges to the adoption of the circular economy. This research presents a sustainable and low-cost recycling technology for conversion of post-consumer textile (denim) wastes to useful insulation materials. To accomplish the objective, nonwoven materials were produced using varying proportions of post-consumer recycled denim (r-denim) fibre and hollow polyester (PET) fibre using different punch densities in the needle punching process. Kowalski, Cornell and Vining mixture design, a special type of design of experiments, was adopted to develop the samples. Developed nonwoven materials were characterised for thermal resistance and tensile properties. The results show that nonwoven materials containing the minimum proportion (20%) of r-denim fibres exhibited the highest thermal resistance (0.131 W−1m2K). However, by adjusting the process parameter of the nonwovens, that is, the punch density, the same thermal resistance (0.131 W−1m2K) is also achieved even with 39% r-denim fibres. Additionally, the nonwovens produced from this blend proportion (r-denim:PET = 39:61) demonstrate a reasonable strength of 2.43 cN/tex. Environmental benefits of the developed r-denim/PET nonwovens have been evaluated by the life cycle assessment approach. Results show that the use of ~40% r-denim fibre has reduced the environmental burden significantly. Therefore, the nonwoven materials produced from post-consumer textile wastes hold tremendous potential as an alternative to synthetic fibres in thermal insulation applications. This recycling approach has immense potential to contribute to the efficient utilisation of post-consumer textile waste materials paving the way for environmental sustainability.
Development and characterization of Abutilon indicum (Indian mallow) leaf extract loaded electrospun nanofibres
Authors: Tharakeswari S. , R K Shobana , R Reena Sharon , V Shrivatsan , H Ashik Ahamed
Published: September 2024

Herbal functionalized nanofibres are widely used in wound healing, tissue engineering, and air filters due to their efficient antimicrobial properties. Spinning nanofibres using herbs requires initial studies to check the compatibility of the herb, nanofibre formation, and spinnability. Efforts are being made to spin nanofibres using Abutilon indicum. Nanofibres produced using electrospinning techniques excel in unique structural and functional properties. Their structure aids in encapsulating active substances and controlled release of these substances. Abutilon indicum, also known as Indian mallow or Thuthi leaf, is a plant with various medicinal claims and antimicrobial properties. The current study focuses on developing nanofibres using the electrospinning technique with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) polymer and Indian mallow extract (IME). Nanofibres were developed with PVA/IME in different proportions. The developed nanofibres were characterized for surface morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum, material thickness, swelling ratio, tensile strength, and antimicrobial property. The addition of IME to PVA did not affect the spinnability of the nanofibres. Among the samples developed with different ratios, the 50:50 PVA/IME sample was observed to have enhanced antimicrobial activity due to the higher proportion of IME within the polymer.
Adaptive backstepping fast terminal sliding mode control (AB-FTSMC) for varying dynamics of highly coupled unmanned aerial vehicle: An experimental study
Authors: Abbas Nadir , Liu Xiaodong , Abbas Zeshan , Khan Saad Saleem , Foster Eric Deale , Larkin Stephen
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the innovative Adaptive Backstepping Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control (AB-FTSMC) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a groundbreaking approach designed to address the complex challenges in UAV dynamics, such as perturbations, disturbances, and the intricate inter-coupling of control systems. What sets the AB-FTSMC apart is its unique integration of the robust Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control with the layered approach of Backstepping Control. This combination not only offers enhanced adaptability to a range of uncertainties including actuator failures and unmodeled states, but it also represents a significant leap in UAV control technology. The control process of AB-FTSMC is strategically divided into two distinct phases. The initial phase employs Newton-Euler formalism to develop a comprehensive mathematical model of the UAV, incorporating key concepts of observability and controllability for assured stability. The subsequent phase involves the implementation of a robust AB-FTSMC controller, meticulously designed to precisely regulate the UAV’s pitch and yaw angles, effectively countering issues such as gyroscopic torque and parametric uncertainties. The novelty of this research lies in its methodical approach to tackling the traditionally complex problem of UAV control. By merging two sophisticated control strategies, the AB-FTSMC method not only mitigates common UAV control issues but also ensures a higher degree of stability and rapid convergence of state variables. The practical effectiveness of this novel control system is underscored through extensive real-time simulation responses of a UAV hardware prototype, clearly demonstrating its superior performance and adaptability under various perturbations.
Experimental study of rectangular-curved magnet–based magnetorheological finishing tool for copper cylindrical workpiece
Authors: Bedi Talwinder Singh , Paswan Sunil Kumar , Goyal Dhruva Kumar , Tripathy Chitta Ranjan
Published: September 2024

A mechanical product with a finely finished surface and accuracy is a great requirement of current industries and individuals because of its enhanced operational life, reliability, smooth interchangeability, and aesthetic appealing features. Therefore, fine-finishing processes are of extensive importance these days. The magnetorheological (MR) finishing processes are developed where the finishing forces provide uniform forces to a magnetorheological polishing fluid which in turn produces a supergrade finishing. In this study, the rectangular-curved magnet–based MR finishing process was used to superfinish the exterior surface of the cylindrical workpiece of copper material (which is typically used as an electron discharge machine electrode). To ensure the functionality of the current tool, the magnetic simulation was also performed to analyze the magnetic flux distribution within the tool structure, working gap, and workpiece surface. The synthesized MR polishing fluid was applied on the finishing surface of rectangular-curved magnets which further maintained a working gap of 1 mm during the experimentation. The results concluded that the overall 74% roughness change with rectangular-curved magnets (i.e., from initial Ra as 251 nm to final Ra as 66 nm was observed using rotational speed of workpiece as 500 rpm, tool feed as 50 mm/min and 45 min of finishing time), which was more efficient than the existing results of circular-type magnets. Also, the significant improvement in surface texture from the initial to the final finished copper workpiece was confirmed through the scanning electron microscopic images.
Characterization of thermal effects and optimization in laser drying process of pepper berries (Piper nigrum L.): A feasibility study
Authors: Kamarul Syafiqah Fatihah , Tamrin Khairul Fikri
Published: September 2024

Conventional drying methods use comparatively high temperatures for prolonged periods of time, hence lowering the final product quality and changing consumer preferences. Laser drying is a reasonably effective drying technique that has advantages over traditional drying techniques. Pepper berries were dried by laser dryer at different drying conditions and the morphology, structural characterization, and thermal characteristics of laser-processed berries were studied. The process conditions for laser drying of pepper berries were optimized by using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. The interaction of the independent variables including laser power, laser speed, and number of laser passes with the dependent variable which is the heat-affected zone was determined. It was observed that the laser speed had a notable influence on heat heat-affected zone. The optimized drying parameters were laser power of 0.81 W, laser speed of 9.4 mm/s, and five laser passes. At these optimum conditions, the predicted heat-affected zone was found to be 1495.08 μm. A validation experiment was conducted at optimum conditions to ensure the suitability of the model.
A 2D numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer performance within heat sink package equipped with cylindrical fins improved with helical trapezoidal wings and filled by radiative nanofluid
Authors: Massoudi Mohamed Dhia , Ben Hamida Mohamed Bechir
Published: September 2024

Cooling electronic devices using heat sinks is one of the main fields in which academics are working to develop them. This manuscript presents a novel numerical study using Comsol Multiphysics to optimize heat sink performance through the strategic integration of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative nanofluid and innovative helical trapezoidal wings on cylindrical fins. The research advances the field by systematically replacing classical cylindrical fins with those provided with cylindrical wings as a first step, and with trapezoidal shapes as a second step and subsequently introducing helical trapezoidal wings instead of the aligned shape to enhance efficiency. Comsol Multiphysics 3.4 software is used to conduct the study applying finite element method. The 2D heat sink problem is modelled as a square cavity, which is equipped with 2D longitudinal section of cylindrical fins and filled with MHD radiative nanofluid. The study examined the impact of using cylindrical wings attached laterally on the cylindrical fins. Then, the efficiency of cylindrical wings is compared with trapezoidal shape. Finally, the helical trapezoidal wings are used to enhance the heat sink efficiency. The findings reveal substantial performance improvements: with nanofluid by 42.83%, enhancement with radiation by 54.19%, with cylindrical wings by 22.38%, and a superior 10.7% efficiency increase with trapezoidal wings. In addition, using helical trapezoidal wings is the optimum for the heat sink performance by 7.26%. This work is poised to appeal to a broad readership by offering valuable insights into optimizing heat sink configurations for enhanced thermal management.
Evaluating the TIG welding process mechanically and microstructurally in relation to welding parameters
Authors: Yesudhasan Brucely , Deena Rose D , Ramesh Kannan C , Manikandan D , Senthilkumar N
Published: September 2024

The exceptional mechanical qualities of super martensitic stainless steel have led to its widespread use in structural components subjected to cyclic loadings. The Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process, an essential technology for modern industrial fabrication, offers potential improvements in weld quality through precise parameter adjustments. This study investigates the effects of varying TIG welding parameters, specifically welding speed (S), welding current (I), voltage (V), and gas flow rate (GFR). Parameters were explored within the ranges of 50–150 mm/min for welding speed, 10–20 volts for voltage, 90–160 amperes for welding current, and 8–20 l/min for gas flow rate. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we identified optimized values of 120 mm/min for welding speed, 15 volts, 140 amperes, and 15 l/min for gas flow rate, which significantly enhance the strength and quality of welds. Mechanical testing such as tensile and hardness tests along with bead profiles and microstructural characterization were conducted to validate the strength and integrity of the welds under these optimized conditions. The findings suggest that, compared to baseline settings, optimizing both energy use and welding quality not only conserves resources but also improves the durability and performance of welded joints. SEM analysis of AISI 410 S SMSS weldment reveals grain boundaries, 42% ferrite in elongated bands, 44% delta ferrite phase of martensite, and scattered globular Cr2C3, indicating a complex microstructure with mixed phases.
Lithic technology before and after the Storegga tsunami (8200 cal BP): Dissolving large-scale regional trends to identify social impact of crisis in western Norway
Authors: Damlien Hege , Nyland Astrid J , Redmond James J
Published: September 2024

Around 8200 years ago, the Storegga tsunami hit the west coast of South Norway. The physical extent of the tsunami has been well documented but the consequences of the event for contemporary societies have received little attention beyond broad generalizations and, more recently, demographic studies based on statistical modeling of radiocarbon dates. In this paper, we explore whether the different physical impacts of the Storrega tsunami could have initiated observed regional developments in lithic technology. We have analyzed lithic assemblages from 30 carefully selected Middle and Late Mesolithic sites (dated between c. 7500 and 5000 cal BC) spread across six designated “focus areas” along the coast of western South-Norway. We identified five blade production concepts in use during the Late Mesolithic and highlight potentially significant differences in their spatial and temporal distribution. Although neither the tsunami nor the environmental stresses experienced by Mesolithic communities appear to have prompted large breaks in traditional practices, we suggest that the event marks a point in time from where specific differences and modifications in lithic technology start developing at a local scale. We argue that sudden, yet transitory events such as the Storegga tsunami, may rupture the historical contingency of social networks and communication lines resulting in changing social contexts influencing material change.
The Khonkho tephra: A large-magnitude volcanic eruption coincided with the rise of Tiwanaku in the Andes
Authors: Marsh Erik J , Harpel Christopher J , Damby David E
Published: September 2024

We report a tephra deposit in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia, which was deposited by a major, previously unrecognized eruption sometime between AD 400 and 720. Archaeological data suggest these centuries were characterized by a substantial community migration to Tiwanaku, where social interaction networks gave birth to one of the Andes’ first large complex societies. Here we provide an initial characterization of this tephra, based on samples from the archaeological site Khonkho Wankane. The same tephra is present at two other archaeological sites in the region. Given the great distance to the nearest active volcano, this tephra layer likely derives from a large-magnitude, Late-Holocene explosive eruption of a Central Andean volcano. We suggest that this major event be included in the human history of the region, given its inferred magnitude and wide dispersal area. Future research could confirm the Khonkho tephra at other sites, identify the source volcano, estimate its volume, and more precisely date the eruption.
Electroacupuncture inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the dorsal root ganglion of rats with spared nerve injury
Authors: Xia Yangyang , Xue Meng , Sun Yalan , Wang Ying , Huang Zhihua , Huang Cheng
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Neuropathic pain can be provoked by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to effectively alleviate neuropathic pain with few side effects, but its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether 2 Hz EA stimulation suppresses TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the DRG following spared nerve injury (SNI) in a rat model.

Methods:

In this experiment, SNI rats were given 2 Hz EA once every other day for a total of 21 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to assess SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and western blotting and immunoﬂuorescence staining were used to determine the levels of pain-related signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory mediators in the DRG.

Results:

SNI up-regulated HMGB1, TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor-88 adaptor protein (MyD88) and NF-κB p65 protein expression in the DRG. In addition, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that SNI induced higher levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in the DRG. We also demonstrated co-localization of TLR4 and MyD88 with both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and isolectin GS-IB4 in the DRG of SNI rats, respectively. Meanwhile, 2 Hz EA stimulation effectively reversed the elevations of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 induced by SNI in the DRG, which was coupled with amelioration of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggested that inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the DRG by 2 Hz EA might be exploited as a therapeutic option for neuropathic pain.
Dr Bonté Elgood (1874–1960): First woman doctor in Egypt and pioneer of maternal and child care
Authors: Timmis Christopher
Published: September 2024

Bonté Elgood, née Amos, was one of the early women doctors who qualified from the progressive London School of Medicine for Women, established in 1874. She chose to practice in Egypt which was then under British administration. When she arrived in 1900, Egyptian medical provision for mothers and children was rudimentary where it existed at all. For over 50 years, Bonté Elgood played an important role in setting up maternity care and child health services, first in Cairo and later in the whole country. For her work, she was awarded the OBE and CBE by the British government, and she also received decorations from the French and Egyptian governments.
The Dynamics of Family Financial Socialization: Impact on Financial Self-efficacy and Financial Behavior
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Singh Manjit
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The objectives of the study include examining the role of family financial socialization (FFS) in shaping young adults’ financial self-efficacy (FSE), understanding how FSE contributes to financial behavior (FB), and exploring the mediating role of FSE in the relationship between FFS and FB of young adults.

Design/Methodology:

Using a quantitative technique, data were collected from 395 university students in Punjab, India. The study utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to scrutinize and decipher the intricate interconnections among the variables.

Findings:

The results support the hypotheses, demonstrating the significant influence of FFS on FSE and FB, as well as the mediating role of FSE.

Practical/Social Implications:

Educational institutions and policymakers can integrate these findings into financial education programs to boost financial literacy and self-efficacy among young adults. Additionally, policymakers can encourage parents to actively engage in open financial discussions with their children.

Originality/Value:

This study broadens the scope of existing research by investigating FFS through multiple dimensions and focusing on university students in Punjab, a previously underexplored demographic. It also uniquely examines the mediating role of FSE in the relationship between FFS and FB.
Exploring the Landscape of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Indian Medical Research: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Hazarika Rima , Sudhier K. G.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revolutionised medical research in India by offering a rapid and precise method for amplifying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences crucial for various applications in healthcare. It aims to investigate publication growth, leading authors, productive journals, collaborating countries, keywords, institutional affiliations and funding agencies involved in PCR-related research within India.

Methodology:

A scientometric analysis assessed India’s PCR research performance using 10,509 articles from Scopus (2013-2022). Biblioshiny and VOSviewer aided data analysis, while Microsoft Excel facilitated computations.

Results:

The finding reveals the continuous growth in PCR publications, with significant contributions from researchers like Aman Sharma from the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (Chandigarh) and journals like the Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. Notable contributors hail from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. International collaborations, especially with the United States, underscore the global outreach of PCR research in India. Keyword analysis reveals emerging trends and research themes in PCR, reflecting its evolving role in addressing contemporary health challenges. Funding agencies such as the Indian Council of Medical Research and the Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DBT) are crucial in supporting PCR research endeavours.

Conclusions:

This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of PCR research in India, highlighting areas for future investigation and collaboration to further advance medical research and healthcare outcomes.
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) With Incarcerated Women: Exploring the Role of Prison Activities as a Determinant of Preparedness for Re-entry
Authors: TenNapel Mindi , Jahic Ilma , Caspers Heather , Kim Joseph
Published: September 2024

This study was part of a 5-year Prison Research and Innovation Network (PRIN) project to explore the shared perceptions of the prison climate among incarcerated women. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) was used to partner with incarcerated women as equal partners in the project. Focus group interviews were conducted with the incarcerated women in the fall of 2020. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify incarcerated women’s perceptions of prison climate in the correctional facility. An item pool was developed from the themes identified, and a new prison climate survey was administered to 436 incarcerated women. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationship between prison activity, correctional practices, and preparedness for re-entry. The results indicated the importance of prison activities, as incarcerated women who reported that the prison offers sufficient activities were more likely to feel supported and had a more positive view of the board of parole, which were in turn associated with preparedness for re-entry. Policies targeted toward creating prison activities and programs for re-entry should become a priority for prison leadership and the department of corrections.
Built Environment and Anxiety Among Adolescents: To What Extent Can Resilient Family Protect Youth?
Authors: Park Yangjin , Wood Bethany , Crutchfield Jandel , Park Keundeok
Published: September 2024

One third of U.S. adolescents experience anxiety. As adolescents spend more time outside the family, built environmental risk factors become salient. Although resilient family protects youth from various adversities, it is unclear how effective family resilience can buffer extrafamilial risks. This study examined the moderating role of family resilience in the association between neighborhood, school, and racial discrimination risk factors on adolescent anxiety. Using multiyear data (2016–2020) from the National Survey of Children’s Health ( n = 81,809), the hierarchical logistic regression analysis suggests that neighborhood violence/safety, lack of neighborhood support, lack of school engagement, lack of school safety, and racial discrimination increased adolescent anxiety. Meanwhile, family resilience indicates both promotive and protective effects. Particularly, family resilience alleviated the positive association between lack of school engagement and adolescent anxiety. Among various built environment risk factors, family resilience was found to alleviate adolescent anxiety in the school context. Although family resilience was not found to be a panacea against all risks in neighborhood and school, adolescents experiencing anxiety due to lack of school engagement may take advantage of family resilience.
Psychological Resources and New Product Development Team Adaptability: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Marques Dominic L. , Aubé Caroline , Rousseau Vincent , Brunelle Eric
Published: September 2024

Despite the importance of adaptability for new product development team performance, empirical research that explores the factors promoting their adaptive capacity is limited. This study draws from psychological resource theories to examine how and under which conditions team psychological capital enhances the adaptivity of new product development teams. Data were collected from 198 student teams who took part in a project management simulation. Results showed that the positive relationship between team PsyCap and team adaptivity travels through team creativity and that the level of outcome focus moderates the first stage of this relationship.
Moving Beyond ChatGPT: Local Large Language Models (LLMs) and the Secure Analysis of Confidential Unstructured Text Data in Social Work Research
Authors: Perron Brian E. , Luan Hui , Victor Bryan G. , Hiltz-Perron Oliver , Ryan Joseph
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language tasks. However, their use in social work research is limited by confidentiality and security concerns when processing sensitive data. This study addresses these challenges by evaluating the performance of local LLMs (LocalLLMs) in classifying and extracting substance-related problems from unstructured child welfare investigation summaries. LocalLLMs allow researchers to analyze data on their own computers without transmitting information to external servers for processing. Methods: Four state-of-the-art LocalLLMs—Mistral-7b, Mixtral-8 × 7b, LLama3-8b, and Llama3-70b—were tested using zero-shot prompting on 2,956 manually coded summaries. Results: The LocalLLMs achieved exceptional results comparable to human experts in classification and extraction, demonstrating their potential to unlock valuable insights from confidential, unstructured child welfare data. Conclusions: This study highlights the feasibility of using LocalLLMs to efficiently analyze large amounts of textual data while addressing the confidentiality issues associated with proprietary LLMs.
Inhuman Rhetoric: Generative AI and Crisis Communication
Authors: Piller Erick
Published: September 2024

This article considers the rhetorical risks of using generative AI to compose organizational communication during crises or in the aftermath of tragedies. It focuses on a case study in which representatives of Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College of Education and Human Development disclosed their use of ChatGPT to write a response to a school shooting at another university. The author argues that although generative AI can often be useful in technical and professional communication, it can also undermine perceptions of “rhetorical humanity” if its use is disclosed or discovered, making it rhetorically risky in certain contexts. Thus, knowing when not to utilize AI is an important aspect of AI literacy for practitioners.
Rhetorics of Authenticity: Ethics, Ethos, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Deptula Adrianna , Hunter Paul Thompson , Johnson-Sheehan Richard
Published: September 2024

This article examines issues of authenticity involved in using generative AI to compose technical and professional communication (TPC) documents. Authenticity is defined through an Aristotelian understanding of ethos, which includes goodwill ( eunoia), practical wisdom ( phronesis), virtuousness ( arete), and Fromm's concepts of true self and pseudo self. The authors conducted an initial analysis of AI affordances that align with TPC concerns—genre, plain language, and grammatical/mechanical correctness. The preliminary results show that these affordances may be limited by issues of inauthenticity. The authors suggest that in order to address AI's limitations, writers should adopt a rhetoric of authenticity via real-world engagement, human centeredness, and personal style.
Family Management of Hypertension in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sales Paloma Cesar de , McCarthy Margaret M. , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan , Melkus Gail D’Eramo , Chyun Deborah
Published: September 2024

In Brazil, research indicates that primary family members are the main source of support for individuals with chronic conditions such as hypertension (HTN). The burden of caregiving not only hinders effective HTN management but can also cause stress and anxiety, potentially leading to HTN in caregivers. Despite this, few studies have explored the impact of caregiving on these family members. Aims of the study were to: (1) Describe the prevalence of blood pressure (BP) control in family members of individuals with HTN; (2) identify family member perspectives on facilitators and barriers to HTN management; and (3) identify influences that help or interfere with family member functioning (levels of stress, quality of life [QOL], and caregiver burden). This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 213 family members randomly selected from 3 Family Health Strategy units. Family members were largely female ( n = 143; 67.1%); the mean age was 60.1 years ( SD ± 17.02) and 42.6% ( n = 96) had less than a high school education. The three most important facilitators and barriers were related to medication, medical visits, healthy eating, physical activity, and stress. The mean systolic BP was 132.7 ( SD ± 21.9) mmHg and a diastolic BP of 85.9 ( SD ± 18.1) mmHg with 120 (56.3%) of family members classified as having normal BP. In regard to family member contributions to the self-care of the individual with HTN, family members displayed low levels of self-care maintenance ( n = 148; 69.4%) and management ( n = 47; 71.2%) support, while a slight majority ( n = 114; 53.5%) had adequate levels of self-care confidence in supporting the individual with HTN. Family members ( n = 189; 88.8%) showed moderate-to-high levels of perceived stress, but good physical ( n = 189; 88.7%) and mental QOL ( n = 196; 92%) and low levels of caregiver burden ( n = 113; 53.1%). A variety of contextual sociocultural influences were associated with the outcomes under study. Family-based interventions are urgently needed to address the inadequate management of HTN.
Channeling personal initiative through team coordination: A heat map analysis of soccer players’ aggregate behavioral initiative
Authors: Taylor Erik C. , Beus Jeremy M.
Published: September 2024

Personal initiative is an influential individual-level construct but less is yet known about team initiative’s functioning and influence on team performance. This work addresses the nature and function of team initiative—a form of proactive behavior that is self-starting, future-focused, and intended to overcome barriers to goal achievement to solve team problems or facilitate team success—and how it relates to team performance. Drawing from the human capital resources perspective, we argue that team initiative only enhances team performance insofar as team members’ personal initiative efforts can be integrated into team processes and transformed into valuable team resources. Based on this perspective, we posit team coordination as the key emergence-enabling mechanism between team initiative and team performance. We also argue that teams can experience “too much of a good thing” with respect to team initiative and theorize that teams have a diminishing capacity to coordinate initiative to resolve team task demands. We test these expectations using satellite-derived player heat map data and team passing network matrices from the 2014 and 2018 FIFA Men’s World Cups. Our findings reveal that team coordination mediates the relationship between team initiative and team performance, but with diminishing marginal benefits of increased team initiative.
Doughnut-hungry behavioral tasks
Authors: Fernandez-Leon Jose A.
Published: September 2024

Insightful theoretical and experimental research has shown toroidal representations of entorhinal grid cells working in continuous attractor neural networks. However, this commentary underscores a critical aspect: these toroidal representations do not exist in isolation from the environment within the brain’s neural networks. Instead, they arise as a response to dynamic requirements within the relational context of the task being performed. This view highlights the adaptive nature of these neural representations discussing their emergence based on specific task-related demands rather than as pre-existing, independent neuronal structures.