bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas Permeability Evolution Mechanism and Comprehensive Gas Drainage Technology for Thin Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Wang Fangtian , Zhang Cun , Liang Ningning
Published: September 2017

A thin coal seam mined as a protective coal seam above a gas outburst coal seam plays a central role in decreasing the degree of stress placed on a protected seam, thus increasing gas permeability levels and desorption capacities to dramatically eliminate gas outburst risk for the protected seam. However, when multiple layers of coal seams are present, stress-relieved gas from adjacent coal seams can cause a gas explosion. Thus, the post-drainage of gas from fractured and de-stressed strata should be applied. Comprehensive studies of gas permeability evolution mechanisms and gas seepage rules of protected seams close to protective seams that occur during protective seam mining must be carried out. Based on the case of the LongWall (LW) 23209 working face in the Hancheng coal mine, Shaanxi Province, this paper presents a seepage model developed through the FLAC3D software program (version 5.0, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MI, USA) from which gas flow characteristics can be reflected by changes in rock mass permeability. A method involving theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was used to analyze stress relief and gas permeability evolution mechanisms present during broken rock mass compaction in a goaf. This process occurs over a reasonable amount of extraction time and in appropriate locations for comprehensive gas extraction technologies. In using this comprehensive gas drainage technological tool, the safe and efficient co-extraction of thin coal seams and gas resources can be realized, thus creating a favorable environment for the safe mining of coal and gas outburst seams.
Proportional-Type Performance Recovery DC-Link Voltage Tracking Algorithm for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators
Authors: Kim Seok-Kyoon
Published: September 2017

This study proposes a disturbance observer-based proportional-type DC-link voltage tracking algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The proposed technique feedbacks the only proportional term of the tracking errors, and it contains the nominal static and dynamic feed-forward compensators coming from the first-order disturbance observers. It is rigorously proved that the proposed method ensures the performance recovery and offset-free properties without the use of the integrators of the tracking errors. A wind power generation system has been simulated to verify the efficacy of the proposed method using the PSIM (PowerSIM) software with the DLL (Dynamic Link Library) block.
Dynamic Strain Aging Behaviour in AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel under As-Received and As-Welded Conditions
Authors: Muhamed Guma , Gündüz Süleyman , Erden Mehmet , Taştemur Demet
Published: September 2017

In the current study, dynamic strain ageing (DSA) phenomena in 316L austenitic stainless steel was investigated under as-received and as-welded conditions. A tensile test was carried out on as-received and as-welded samples for the temperatures of 25–800 °C at a strain rate of 1 × 10−3 s−1. Microstructure and fracture surfaces were investigated by optic and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). 316L austenitic stainless steel showed different DSA behavior under as-received and as-welded conditions, which are discussed in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties.
The Skin Bacterium Propionibacterium acnes Employs Two Variants of Hyaluronate Lyase with Distinct Properties
Authors: Nazipi Seven , Stødkilde Kristian , Scavenius Carsten , Brüggemann Holger
Published: September 2017

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and other glycosaminoglycans are extracellular matrix components in the human epidermis and dermis. One of the most prevalent skin microorganisms, Propionibacterium acnes, possesses HA-degrading activity, possibly conferred by the enzyme hyaluronate lyase (HYL). In this study, we identified the HYL of P. acnes and investigated the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Investigations include the generation of a P. acnes hyl knockout mutant and HYL activity assays to determine the substrate range and formed products. We found that P. acnes employs two distinct variants of HYL. One variant, HYL-IB/II, is highly active, resulting in complete HA degradation; it is present in strains of the phylotypes IB and II. The other variant, HYL-IA, has low activity, resulting in incomplete HA degradation; it is present in type IA strains. Our findings could explain some of the observed differences between P. acnes phylotype IA and IB/II strains. Whereas type IA strains are primarily found on the skin surface and associated with acne vulgaris, type IB/II strains are more often associated with soft and deep tissue infections, which would require elaborate tissue invasion strategies, possibly accomplished by a highly active HYL-IB/II.
A Facile Oxidative Opening of the C-Ring in Luotonin A and Derivatives
Authors: Ibric Amra , Dutter Kathrin , Marian Brigitte , Haider Norbert
Published: September 2017

An oxidative ring opening reaction of the central ring C in the alkaloid Luotonin A and two of its derivatives was found to occur upon heating with an excess amine and potassium carbonate in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution in the presence of air oxygen. The structure of the novel amide-type products was elucidated and a possible mechanism for this reaction is proposed. Four of the new compounds show moderate in vitro anticancer activity towards human colon adenocarcinoma cells.
A 24-GHz Front-End Integrated on a Multilayer Cellulose-Based Substrate for Doppler Radar Sensors
Authors: Alimenti Federico , Palazzi Valentina , Mariotti Chiara , Virili Marco , Orecchini Giulia , Bonafoni Stefania , Roselli Luca , Mezzanotte Paolo
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a miniaturized Doppler radar that can be used as a motion sensor for low-cost Internet of things (IoT) applications. For the first time, a radar front-end and its antenna are integrated on a multilayer cellulose-based substrate, built-up by alternating paper, glue and metal layers. The circuit exploits a distributed microstrip structure that is realized using a copper adhesive laminate, so as to obtain a low-loss conductor. The radar operates at 24 GHz and transmits 5 mW of power. The antenna has a gain of 7.4 dBi and features a half power beam-width of 48 degrees. The sensor, that is just the size of a stamp, is able to detect the movement of a walking person up to 10 m in distance, while a minimum speed of 50 mm/s up to 3 m is clearly measured. Beyond this specific result, the present paper demonstrates that the attractive features of cellulose, including ultra-low cost and eco-friendliness (i.e., recyclability and biodegradability), can even be exploited for the realization of future high-frequency hardware. This opens opens the door to the implementation on cellulose of devices and systems which make up the “sensing layer” at the base of the IoT ecosystem.
UWB Monitoring System for AAL Applications
Authors: Kolakowski Jerzy , Djaja-Josko Vitomir , Kolakowski Marcin
Published: September 2017

Independent living of elderly persons in their homes requires support that can be provided with modern assistive technologies. Monitoring of elderly persons behaviour delivers valuable information that can be used for diagnosis and detection of health problems as well as triggering alerts in emergency situations. The paper includes a description of the ultra wideband system developed within Networked InfrasTructure for Innovative home Care Solutions (NITICS) Active and Assisted Living (AAL) project. The system can be used as a component of AAL platforms. It delivers data on users localization and has a fall detector functionality. The system also provides access to raw measurement results from Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors embedded in the device worn by the monitored person. These data can be used in solutions intended for elderly person’s behaviour investigation. The system was investigated under laboratory conditions as well as in home environment. The detailed system description and results of performed tests are included in the article.
Understanding Chinese Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Sustainable Fashion Products: The Moderating Role of Face-Saving Orientation
Authors: Wei Xiaoyong , Jung Sojin
Published: September 2017

In a culture where collectivism is pervasive such as China, social norms can be one of the most powerful tools to influence consumers’ behavior. Individuals are driven to meet social expectations and fulfill social roles in collectivist cultures. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate how Chinese consumers’ concern with saving face affects sustainable fashion product purchase intention and how it also moderates consumers’ commitment to sustainable fashion. An empirical data set of 469 undergraduate students in Beijing and Shanghai was used to test our hypotheses. Results confirmed that face-saving is an important motivation for Chinese consumers’ purchase of sustainable fashion items, and it also attenuated the effect of general product value while enhancing the effect of products’ green value in predicting purchasing trends. The findings contribute to the knowledge of sustainable consumption in Confucian culture, and thus their managerial implications were also discussed.
How Smog Awareness Influences Public Acceptance of Congestion Charge Policies
Authors: Zhou Lingyi , Dai Yixin
Published: September 2017

Although various studies have investigated public acceptance of congestion charge policies, most of them have focused on behavioral and policy-related factors, and did not consider the moderating influence that individual concern about smog and perceived smog risk may have on public acceptance. This paper takes the congestion charge policy in China, targeted at smog and traffic control, and checks how smog awareness—including smog concerns and perceived smog risks, besides behavioral and policy-related factors—might influence public acceptance of the policy. In this paper, we found both a direct and moderating causal relationship between smog awareness and public acceptance. Based on a sample of 574 valid questionnaires in Beijing and Shanghai in 2016, an ordered logistic regression modeling approach was used to delineate the causality between smog awareness and public acceptance. We found that both smog concerns, such as perceived smog risk, and willingness to pay (WTP) were both directly and indirectly positively correlated with public acceptance. These findings imply that policymakers should increase policy fairness with environmental-oriented policy design and should express potential policy effectiveness of the smog controlling policy to citizens to increase their acceptance level.
Unlocking Value Creation Using an Agritourism Business Model
Authors: Broccardo Laura , Culasso Francesca , Truant Elisa
Published: September 2017

Agritourism has achieved a greater importance in the last decade, but despite this relevance, the definition is not aligned everywhere, depending on the contingency variables of the context in which agritourism is located. This paper aims at analyzing the business model’s key success factors of Italian agritourism by studying their structural, social and economic features, integrated with a sustainability approach. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of agritourism, located in an Italian region. The empirical results show relevant and useful elements to support the sustainable development of agritourism business models in Italy, linking theory, policy and practices. Indeed, these results, together with others related to the economic dimension of the farms, their specialization, and the characteristics of the farmers make it possible to argue that there are common elements, which offer potential for agritourism. In addition, it was possible to identify two different models of agritourism. Agritourism can open new horizons in rural sustainable development, with possible beneficial effects on the environment, society, agricultural heritage and economic growth. In particular, regional policy developers should take into consideration these elements in order to direct correctly efforts. The research shows also some interesting theoretical implications as it contributes to enrich the literature on this particular kind of business model. At the same time, it helps family owners to increase the overall understanding of their agritourism, in order to finalize adequate planning and communication.
Amenity/Lifestyle Migration in the Chilean Andes: Understanding the Views of “The Other” and Its Effects on Integrated Community Development
Authors: Matarrita-Cascante David , Zunino Hugo , Sagner-Tapia Johanna
Published: September 2017

Within the context of domestic amenity/lifestyle migration, we are interested in understanding the way local rural residents and migrants: (1) view each other; and (2) how those views affect an integrated community development. Using alterity theory as a guiding framework, we engaged in a qualitative study to examine such views and their effects along the lines of three axes: an epistemological (what people know about the other), an axiological (how people value the other), and a praxeological (how people interact with the other) one in the Chilean community of Malalcahuello. Findings suggests that, overall, both types of residents know little of the other, have and constantly reproduce negative value judgments of the other, and relate only in mundane non-significant ways. We provide explanations of how these relate to the reported diminished community development efforts in town.
Special Issue on “Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Applications”
Authors: Brischetto Salvatore , Maggiore Paolo , Ferro Carlo
Published: September 2017

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a well-known technology, first patented in 1984 by the French scientist Alain Le Mehaute [...]
ST-Producing E. coli Oppose Carcinogen-Induced Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Mice
Authors: Li Peng , Lin Jieru , Snook Adam , Waldman Scott
Published: September 2017

There is a geographic inequality in the incidence of colorectal cancer, lowest in developing countries, and greatest in developed countries. This disparity suggests an environmental contribution to cancer resistance in endemic populations. Enterotoxigenic bacteria associated with diarrheal disease are prevalent in developing countries, including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) producing heat-stable enterotoxins (STs). STs are peptides that are structurally homologous to paracrine hormones that regulate the intestinal guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) receptor. Beyond secretion, GUCY2C is a tumor suppressor universally silenced by loss of expression of its paracrine hormone during carcinogenesis. Thus, the geographic imbalance in colorectal cancer, in part, may reflect chronic exposure to ST-producing organisms that restore GUCY2C signaling silenced by hormone loss during transformation. Here, mice colonized for 18 weeks with control E. coli or those engineered to secrete ST exhibited normal growth, with comparable weight gain and normal stool water content, without evidence of secretory diarrhea. Enterotoxin-producing, but not control, E. coli, generated ST that activated colonic GUCY2C signaling, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production, and cGMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in colonized mice. Moreover, mice colonized with ST-producing E. coli exhibited a 50% reduction in carcinogen-induced colorectal tumor burden. Thus, chronic colonization with ETEC producing ST could contribute to endemic cancer resistance in developing countries, reinforcing a novel paradigm of colorectal cancer chemoprevention with oral GUCY2C-targeted agents.
Implication of Directly Connected Impervious Areas to the Mitigation of Peak Flows in Urban Catchments
Authors: Hwang Junshik , Rhee Dong Sop , Seo Yongwon
Published: September 2017

The existence of impervious areas is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of urban catchments. They decrease infiltration and increase direct runoff in urban catchments. The recent introduction of green infrastructure in urban catchments for the purpose of sustainable development has contributed to the decrease in directly connected impervious areas (DCIA) by isolating existing impervious areas, and consequently, has also contributed to flood risk mitigation. This study coupled the width function-based instantaneous hydrograph (WFIUH), which is able to handle the spatial distribution of the impervious areas, with the concept of the DCIA to assess the impact of decreasing DCIA on the shape of direct runoff hydrographs. Using several scenarios for typical green infrastructure and the corresponding changes of DCIA for a test catchment in Seoul, South Korea, this study evaluated the effect of green infrastructure on the shape of the resulting direct runoff hydrographs and reducing peak flows. The results showed that the changes in the DCIA immediately affect the shape of the direct runoff hydrograph, and decrease peak flows by up to 12% depending on spatial implementation scenarios in the test catchment. This study demonstrates the importance of the DCIA concept for the evaluation of green infrastructures in urban catchments, enabling quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of impervious areas, and also changes to the DCIA by various types of green infrastructure. The results of this study also suggest that more effective and well-planned green infrastructures could be introduced in urban environments for the purpose of flood risk management.
miR-203 Suppresses Bladder Cancer Cell Growth and Targets Twist1
Authors: Shen Jie , Zhang Jianhua , Xiao Minhui , Yang Junfeng , Zhang Ningnan
Published: September 2017

miR-203 is an epigenetically silenced tumor-suppressive microRNA in tumors. This study was designed to investigate the effects of miR-203 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of bladder cancer (BCa) cells. The expression levels of miR-203 in BCa tissues, normal adjacent tissues, and BCa cell lines were detected. BCa cells were transfected with miR-203 mimic and inhibitor to investigate the effect of miR-203 on cell functions and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cotransfection with miR-203 inhibitor and shRNA of the predicted target gene Twist1 (si-Twist1) was performed to investigate the target relationship of miR-203 and Twist1. The effects of knockdown of Twist1 on cell functions were also investigated. The expression of miR-203 was significantly reduced in BCa tissues and cells, in comparison with the control. miR-203 mimic significantly reduced cell viability, invasion, migration, and EMT, and enhanced cell apoptosis. On the contrary, miR-203 inhibitor showed the opposite results. However, the administration of si-Twist1 cancelled the effect of miR-203 inhibitor on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. These demonstrated that miR-203 may function as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in BCa by negatively targeting Twist1. Both Twist1 and miR-203 might be explored as potential targets for studying the mechanism related to BCa pathogenesis and therapy.
Overexpression of Glypican 5 (GPC5) Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Suppressing Sp1-Mediated EMT and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Sun Yu , Xu Kai , He Miao , Fan Guilian , Lu Hongming
Published: September 2017

Glypican 5 (GPC5) belongs to the family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). It was initially known as a regulator of growth factors and morphogens. Recently, there have been reports on its correlation with the tumorigenic process in the development of some cancers. However, little
is known about its precise role in prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we explored the expression pattern and biological functions of GPC5 in PCa cells. Our results showed that GPC5 was lowly expressed in PCa cell lines. Upregulation of GPC5 significantly inhibited PCa cell proliferation
and invasion in vitro as well as attenuated tumor growth in vivo. We also found that overexpression of GPC5 inhibited the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, which was mediated by Sp1. Taken together, we suggest GPC5 as a tumor suppressor in PCa and provide promising therapeutic strategies for PCa.
Greatly Enhanced Merger Rates of Compact-object Binaries in Non-spherical Nuclear Star Clusters
Authors: Petrovich Cristobal , Antonini Fabio
Published: September 2017

The Milky Way and a significant fraction of galaxies are observed to host a central massive black hole (MBH) embedded in a non-spherical nuclear star cluster. We study the secular orbital evolution of compact-object binaries in these environments and characterize the excitation of extremely large eccentricities that can lead to mergers by gravitational radiation. We find that the eccentricity excitation occurs most efficiently when the nodal precession timescale of the binary’s orbit around the MBH due to the non-spherical cluster becomes comparable (within a factor of ∼10) to the timescale on which the binary is torqued by the MBH due to the Lidov–Kozai (LK) mechanism. We show that in this regime the perturbations due to the cluster increase the fraction of systems that reach extreme eccentricities (

) by a factor of ∼10–100 compared to the idealized case of a spherical cluster, increasing the merger rates of compact objects by a similar factor. We identify two main channels that lead to this extreme eccentricity excitation: (i) chaotic diffusion of the eccentricities due to resonance overlap; (ii) cluster-driven variations of the mutual inclinations between the binary orbit and its center-of-mass orbit around the MBH, which can intensify the LK oscillations. We estimate that our mechanism can produce BH–BH and BH–neutron star binary merger rates of up to

and

, respectively. Thus, we propose the cluster-enhanced LK mechanism as a new channel for the merger of compact-object binaries, competing with scenarios that invoke isolated binary evolution or dynamical formation in globular clusters.
Un destin commun et assumé : bien accueillir les mineurs isolés étrangers
Authors: Radjack Rahmethnissah , Touhami Fatima , Minassian Sevan , Moro Marie Rose , Hollande Flora
Published: September 2017

Rahmeth Radjack et ses collègues présentent leur belle expérience de la prise en charge en consultation des jeunes étrangers isolés, au cœur de la « Maison de Solenn », Maison des adolescents de l’hôpital Cochin. Travail difficile mais conduit avec exigence et une grande humanité par l’ensemble des professionnels.
À la frontière du réel : les séries américaines, une inspiration pour comprendre les dynamiques organisationnelles
Authors: Dreyfuss Laurence , Rascol-Boutard Sylvie
Published: September 2017

Cet article analyse les modélisations du monde du travail et des comportements en organisations qui peuvent être co-construites à partir du visionnage de séries télévisuelles. Ces dernières s’avèrent inspirantes pour comprendre les dynamiques organisationnelles.
L’évolution du contrat psychologique d’apprentis du supérieur
Authors: Léné Alexandre
Published: September 2017

Notre article porte sur le contrat psychologique qui se noue entre l’apprenti et l’organisation qui l’accueille. Il s’agit d’une part, d’appréhender les attentes des apprentis vis-à-vis de leur employeur et les obligations qu’ils estiment avoir envers lui et, d’autre part, de comprendre la façon dont ce contrat psychologique évolue au cours de la période de formation. Nous mobilisons pour cela une étude sur une population d’élèves-ingénieurs.
L’évitement comme alternative potentielle à l’acceptation de la vidéo-protection dans un contexte « mandatory »
Authors: Diard Caroline
Published: September 2017

La vidéo-protection est une technologie choisie par les dirigeants afin de protéger les personnes et les biens. Certaines activités comportent une obligation légale d’installation de caméras. Parmi elles, les banques sont particulièrement représentatives. Les salariés du secteur bancaire se retrouvent dans une situation de «  mandatory  », d’activité réglementée. Certains salariés acceptent, d’autres, dans l’ incapacité conventionnelle d’émettre un refus, peuvent choisir d’adapter leur comportement. La mise en place d’un système de vidéo-protection imposé aux collaborateurs questionne alors sur la modification de l’attitude au travail et sur la mise en œuvre éventuelle de stratégies d’évitement. Dans un cadre réglementaire établi, lorsque l’activité impose les caméras, les collaborateurs modifient-ils leur comportement pour les éviter ? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, ce travail s’appuie sur les théories relatives aux stratégies de «  coping  », à la notion de «  mandatory  » ainsi qu’à celle d’acceptation. Notre enquête qualitative menée au sein d’une banque f in 2016 auprès de 10 salariés, démontre que les collaborateurs ne changent par leur façon d’être et de travailler en présence de caméras. La vidéo-protection est acceptée par une majorité d’entre eux compte tenu du secteur d’activité dans lequel ils évoluent.
Transformation digitale et avènement des plateformes programmatiques : la publicité digitale en question
Authors: Daidj Nabyla , Delecolle Thierry , Diridollou Cédric , Morin Catherine
Published: September 2017

Cette recherche mobilise le concept de plateforme pour analyser la transformation digitale à l’œuvre dans le secteur de l’achat d’espace médias confronté depuis 2012 à l’émergence de plateformes programmatiques. Ces plateformes permettent aux éditeurs de diffuser des invendus et aux annonceurs d’acheter des espaces en rabais à l’aveugle. La transformation se caractérise par l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs intermédiaires dans la chaîne allant de l’annonceur à l’éditeur. Une revue de littérature sur le concept de plateformes permet de poser les bases d’une grille d’analyse des logiques d’acteurs à travers treize entretiens de professionnels de la publicité digitale. Elle illustre les ressorts économiques associés aux plateformes mais aussi les rôles des acteurs et les enjeux auxquels doivent répondre les acteurs historiques pour justifier leur valeur ajoutée sur le marché. De plus, elle montre que les acteurs sur les versants peuvent inf luencer la configuration de la plateforme et appelle une réf lexion sur l’évolution des plateformes.
Le réseau d’entreprises de l’Économie sociale et solidaire Le Relais : les transactions dans la transposition de la France au Sénégal
Authors: N'Dione Mbinky Madeleine
Published: September 2017

Les idées et pratiques d’entreprises appartenant au secteur de l’Économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) française se diffusent à l’international, notamment en Afrique subsaharienne. Les entreprises concernées revendiquent un partenariat dit « gagnant-gagnant », basé sur la réciprocité. L’échange, la négociation, le don/contre-don étant à la base du partenariat selon les acteurs d’organismes étudiés, l’approche de la transaction sociale appuie l’analyse de la transposition d’un type d’entreprise à but socio-économique appelé Le Relais, de la France vers le Sénégal. Comment ce réseau d’entreprises français du secteur de l’ESS trouve-t-il sa place en gardant son « esprit » dans un contexte totalement différent ? Un modèle d’entreprise du secteur de l’ESS français a-t-il vocation à s’étendre, à se généraliser ? L’analyse repose sur des données empiriques issues d’une recherche doctorale sur des coopérations entre organismes français et sénégalais.
La transaction sociale : un entremêlement des registres de l’émotionnel et du rationnel
Authors: Foucart Jean
Published: September 2017

Le statut du corps et le rapport aux objets apparaissent bien souvent comme secondaires dans l’analyse de la vie sociale. Il en va de même pour les émotions, présentées comme un mode de communication irrationnel. Notre point de vue est différent : il souligne l’importance de la matérialité. Les émotions sont spécifiques à la corporéité, donc à la matérialité. Les émotions n’émergent pas à l’état pur en dehors de situations ou de contextes concrets dont on fait l’expérience.
Chômage, déficit, dette publique
Authors: Heyer Éric , Timbeau Xavier
Published: September 2017

Cette étude fournit un cadre de réflexion pour le débat public sur la trajectoire attendue de l’économie pour les cinq années à venir, « à environnement inchangé et engagements tenus ». À l’horizon 2022, l’économie française devrait croître à un rythme légèrement supérieur à celui de sa croissance potentielle. Cette croissance devrait s’établir en moyenne à un niveau proche de 1,6 % au cours du prochain quinquennat. La probabilité pour que l’économie retombe en récession ou que la croissance moyenne soit supérieure à 3 % est extrêmement faible (proche de 5 %). Le taux de chômage se réduirait progressivement et atteindrait 8 % fin 2022. Si à court terme la probabilité d’une hausse du chômage n’est pas nulle (supérieure à 13 %), le taux de chômage devrait s’établir à un niveau inférieur à celui de 2017 avec toutefois une probabilité faible (inférieure à 15 %) d’être en dessous de 7 %. Ce scénario est compatible avec une réduction graduelle du déficit des administrations publiques qui s’établirait à 1,2 point de PIB en 2022. La probabilité de retrouver un solde public équilibré en 2022 est toutefois faible (inférieure à 5 %). Sous cette hypothèse de politique budgétaire et en considérant différents scénarios de taux d’intérêt souverains, la dette publique diminuerait pour atteindre 90,8 points de PIB en 2022. Par ailleurs, notons que dans toutes les simulations, la dette publique ne dépasserait pas les 100 points de PIB à l’horizon 2022.
L’interprétation structurelle et relationnelle de l’ imago Dei
Authors: Betschart Christof
Published: September 2017

Pour mettre en honneur la dimension relationnelle et dialogique de la personne humaine, beaucoup d’exégètes et de théologiens, surtout depuis Karl Barth, refusent une interprétation structurelle de l’ imago Dei . Ma contribution propose plutôt de montrer qu’une interprétation relationnelle de l’image doit être articulée avec une interprétation structurelle et que toutes les deux sont marquées par une tension téléologique. Edith Stein concrétise cette thèse dans sa réflexion sur l’individualité de la personne humaine qui, dans sa perspective, est condition d’un enrichissement mutuel qui ne concerne pas seulement la diversité des vécus, mais l’enrichissement par les personnes elles-mêmes. La thèse de Stein pourrait être énoncée de la manière suivante : pour valoriser une approche relationnelle et communionnelle, il faut en même temps valoriser une approche ontologique et structurelle de la personne humaine, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne son individualité qualitative.
El impacto de la incertidumbre en la transición a la edad adulta: Posiciones biográficas y consecuencias sobre la vida
Authors: Artegui Alcaide Izaskun
Published: September 2017

Las transformaciones del mercado laboral han provocado la diversificación de los tiempos de trabajo. Las pautas temporales que guiaban el transcurso vital se erosionan: la incertidumbre se instala en las vidas. Los jóvenes que se encuentran en la última etapa de la transición a la edad adulta sufren con especial crudeza esta situación. Las expectativas que construyeron en el pasado chocan con su presente. A través del análisis de veinticuatro entrevistas en profundidad, estudiamos de qué manera impacta la incertidumbre sobre estos jóvenes y qué efectos tiene sobre sus vidas. Los datos producidos en el trabajo de campo nos muestran que tanto el nivel de impacto, como las consecuencias de la incertidumbre, son diferentes en los jóvenes que siguen la secuencia del ciclo vital estandarizado y en quienes la han abandonado.
La pertinencia heurística del concepto de ‘tiempo en abundancia’ para el análisis del tiempo de desempleo desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Araújo Emilia , Franch Mónica
Published: September 2017

Este texto pretende ofrecer una reflexión de carácter exploratorio sobre la pertinencia de usar lo concepto ‘tiempo en abundancia’ para comprender la experiencia del tiempo durante el desempleo, desde una perspectiva de género. A partir de una breve conceptualización sobre exceso y escasez temporal en las sociedades basadas en el capitalismo, las autoras proponen un marco analítico inicial para comprender hasta qué punto la idea de “tener mucho tiempo” caracteriza la experiencia de las personas en paro, y cómo el género afecta esa experiencia. La reflexión se basa en una investigación llevada a cabo en Portugal, con dos grupos focales de personas en situación de desempleo, divididos por género. Los resultados reafirman estudios anteriores sobre la experiencia del tiempo de personas desempleadas, mostrando que, aunque existan semejanzas entre el tiempo de hombres y mujeres en paro, también hay importantes diferencias que se relacionan a sus diferentes roles en las esferas productiva y reproductiva. La novedad, en este caso, es que esas diferencias no únicamente refuerzan el papel reproductivo de las mujeres, como la literatura afirma, sino que también muestran aberturas para usos recreativos individuales y colectivos. El concepto “tiempo en abundancia”, al no tener una connotación de valor a priori, nos parece promisor para aprehender este tipo de experiencia que, en última instancia, traduce un descontento con la centralidad del trabajo (reproductivo y productivo) en la definición social de los sujetos y en sus usos del tiempo.
Notas sobre la crisis de cuidados: distribución social, moralización del tiempo y reciprocidad del tiempo donado en el ámbito doméstico-familiar
Authors: Legarreta Iza Matxalen
Published: September 2017

Los cambios acaecidos en las sociedades occidentales en las últimas décadas configuran una nueva forma de responder a la provisión de cuidados que ha sido definida en términos de crisis. Esta nueva organización agudiza las desigualdades de género existentes y genera nuevas relaciones de poder asimétricas aunque, al mismo tiempo, ofrece también oportunidades de resignificación del trabajo doméstico y los cuidados. El artículo analiza la crisis de cuidados en relación a la distribución social del tiempo donado en el ámbito doméstico-familiar, así como a su significación y representaciones (moralización y reciprocidad). Para ello, emplea los datos cuantitativos producidos mediante la Encuesta de Presupuestos de Tiempo del Instituto Vasco de Estadística - Eustat y el material generado a través de grupos de discusión.
Los alzados del patio del palacio al-Badi’ de Marrakech. ¿Diseño y construcción por el método de “prueba y error”?
Authors: Almagro Antonio
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se analizan los alzados de las cuatro crujías que rodean el patio central del palacio al-Badi’ de Marrakech. Pese a haber sido expoliados de todos sus recubrimientos ornamentales, presentan suficientes huellas como para hacer una lectura e interpretación, no sólo de su disposición original, sino del proceso proyectual y constructivo que los generó. Resulta de especial relevancia el hecho de poderse distinguir varios arrepentimientos y correcciones en la composición de al menos dos de los alzados que pueden ser observados gracias al expolio de los recubrimientos. Así, resulta posible verificar cómo una disposición inicial de las pilastras adosadas con que se articulaban las fachadas fue modificada demoliendo parcialmente las ya construidas para disponer otras con distinto ritmo y menor separación. En algunas zonas se observan hasta tres soluciones sucesivas distintas. El trabajo incluye también el estudio de otras estructuras secundarias del palacio.
Property Evaluation of Nitrided Layers of Porous Sintered Iron
Authors: Mechachti Said , Benchiheub Omar , Abidi Abdenabi , Gherraf Noureddine , Zidani Mosbah , Farh Hichem
Published: September 2017

Powder metallurgy was mainly used to produce automobile parts such as beds self-lubricating bearings, and gear wheels. In order to investigate the effect of porosity on the mechanical and tribological properties of sintered steel, specimens with 10%, 20%, and 30% porosity were produced on samples of parallelepipedic form, with technical of iron powders that has been used in a large industrial area. Sintering was carried out at 1100 ° C for 2 hours in an argon atmosphere. Metallographic studies such as pore formation, saturated area, and the nitrided layer analyses were performed by microscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that the irregular pore formation tendencies increase with an increase in porosity (%). Furthermore, an increase in porosity has proven to decrease the mechanical properties and increase the wear trace area and the friction coefficient of sintered steel.
Prediction of a Turbulent Flow in Bluff Body Stabilized Burner by Using Two Classical Models of Turbulence
Authors: Habib Merouane
Published: September 2017

In present study, a detailed investigation of an annular jet at high diameter ratio r = 0,905 has been reported numerically. The numerical simulation was performed by making use of the commercial CFD code which discretizes the solution domain into quadrilateral elements and use a numerical finite volume method coupled with a multigrid resolution scheme. In this research the applications of k-epsilon and k-omega models for prediction of a turbulent flow in annular jet are described. The flow governing equations are solved by using a performed coupled algorithm. The results of predicted axial velocity profiles are compared with the experimental data. The computations indicated that the results predicted by k-epsilon model are in good agreement with the experiment.
Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate from Groundwater Using Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Ouakouak Abdelkader , Youcef Leila , Boulanouar Djihad , Achour Samia
Published: September 2017

The objective of this work is to study the phosphate adsorption from natural waters by using a granular activated carbon (GAC). Experiments were carried out with synthetic solutions of phosphate prepared using groundwater (mineralized drinking water). Batch tests were carried out in order to study different operating parameters such as the effect of contact time, pH, initial phosphate concentration and adsorbent dosage. In addition, the adsorption kinetic data were simulated using the pseudo first order, the pseudo second-order and the intra-particle diffusion model. The sorption equilibrium was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms model. Results show that the phosphate adsorption was reversible and the quantity adsorbed reached its maximum value (2.82 mg/g) after 30 min. It was also found that phosphate uptake was affected by variation of pH, initial concentration of phosphate and granular activated carbon dosage. The adsorption improved with increase in pH values, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage. The results of kinetic studies revealed that pseudo-second-order model adequately described the adsorption phosphate on GAC and the intra-particle diffusion involved in the adsorption mechanism. Also, isotherm study showed that Langmuir isotherm best fit the data and the adsorption was a physical type.
Microbial-Derived Butyrate Promotes Epithelial Barrier Function through IL-10 Receptor–Dependent Repression of Claudin-2
Authors: Zheng Leon , Kelly Caleb J. , Battista Kayla D. , Schaefer Rachel , Lanis Jordi M. , Alexeev Erica E. , Wang Ruth X. , Onyiah Joseph C. , Kominsky Douglas J. , Colgan Sean P.
Published: September 2017

Commensal interactions between the enteric microbiota and distal intestine play important roles in regulating human health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, produced through anaerobic microbial metabolism represent a major energy source for the host colonic epithelium and enhance epithelial barrier function through unclear mechanisms. Separate studies revealed that the epithelial anti-inflammatory IL-10 receptor α subunit (IL-10RA) is also important for barrier formation. Based on these findings, we examined if SCFAs promote epithelial barrier through IL-10RA–dependent mechanisms. Using human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), we discovered that SCFAs, particularly butyrate, enhanced IEC barrier formation, induced IL-10RA mRNA, IL-10RA protein, and transactivation through activated Stat3 and HDAC inhibition. Loss and gain of IL-10RA expression directly correlates with IEC barrier formation and butyrate represses permeability-promoting claudin-2 tight-junction protein expression through an IL-10RA–dependent mechanism. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which microbial-derived butyrate promotes barrier through IL-10RA–dependent repression of claudin-2.
The Dutch Reformed Church as a prominent established South African church: In transition towards the 21st century
Authors: Kruger Pieter , Van der Merwe Johan M.
Published: September 2017

The Dutch Reformed Church (Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk) is in transition because of the influences of the more recent South African epochs of democratisation, Africanisation and globalisation. The histories of these epochs extend over more than 20 years and have had a significant influence on the church. The Dutch Reformed (DR) Church changed institutionally because its place and influence within society changed considerably as a result of political and social transformation since 1994. The ongoing process of Africanisation that accompanies these transformations brings certain reactions to the bosom of the church via the experiences of its members. Most are Afrikaners being more inclined to westernised social frames of reference. Ironically, these people are more susceptible to the effects of globalisation, especially secularisation, which transposes the religious set-up of the DR Church into an open and individuated system. These developments pose major challenges to the DR Church in the sense that it has to reconsider how it approaches society, what it can contribute to the ecumenical church, why it is necessary to reflect on its denominational identity and what its academic, theological endeavours in these regards entail.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article has an interdisciplinary scope because the multiplicity of the present-day calls for interdisciplinary academic reflection. For the purpose of this article, Church Historiography helps to systemise recent ecclesiastical developments within the DR Church. To clarify the influences of these developments on the DR Church, sociological premises are incorporated to describe them within a broader social context. References to the conducted empirical study serve to explain respondents’ (members of the DR Church) social and religious constructs regarding these ecclesiastical and sociological phenomena.
Nori Motives of Curves With Modulus and Laumon 1-motives
Authors: Ivorra Florian , Yamazaki Takao
Published: September 2017

Let k be a number field. We describe the category of Laumon 1-isomotives over k as the universal category in the sense of M. Nori associated with a quiver representation built out of smooth proper k-curves with two disjoint effective divisors and a notion of for such “curves with modulus”. This result extends and relies on a theorem of J. Ayoub and L. Barbieri-Viale that describes Deligne's category of 1-isomotives in terms of Nori's Abelian category of motives.
Finite Element and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods with Perfect Matched Layers for American Options
Authors: Song Haiming , Zhang Kai , Li Yutian
Published: September 2017

This paper is devoted to the American option pricing problem governed by the Black-Scholes equation. The existence of an optimal exercise policy makes the problem a free boundary value problem of a parabolic equation on an unbounded domain. The optimal exercise boundary satisfies a nonlinear Volterra integral equation and is solved by a high-order collocation method based on graded meshes. This free boundary is then deformed to a fixed boundary by the front-fixing transformation. The boundary condition at infinity (due to the fact that the underlying asset's price could be arbitrarily large in theory), is treated by the perfectly matched layer technique. Finally, the resulting initial-boundary value problems for the option price and some of the Greeks on a bounded rectangular space-time domain are solved by a finite element method. In particular, for Delta, one of the Greeks, we propose a discontinuous Galerkin method to treat the discontinuity in its initial condition. Convergence results for these two methods are analyzed and several numerical simulations are provided to verify these theoretical results.
Learning Non-Negativity Constrained Variation for Image Denoising and Deblurring
Authors: Wei Tengda , Wang Linshan , Lin Ping , Chen Jialing , Wang Yangfan , Zheng Haiyong
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a heuristic Learning-based Non-Negativity Constrained Variation (L-NNCV) aiming to search the coefficients of variational model automatically and make the variation adapt different images and problems by supervised-learning strategy. The model includes two terms: a problem-based term that is derived from the prior knowledge, and an image-driven regularization which is learned by some training samples. The model can be solved by classicalε-constraint method. Experimental results show that: the experimental effectiveness of each term in the regularization accords with the corresponding theoretical proof; the proposed method outperforms other PDE-based methods on image denoising and deblurring.
Tentatives pour dynamiser un réseau d’épidémiosurveillance : suivi des avortements chez les ruminants en Charente-Maritime. 2e partie - Aspects techniques
Authors: Boucard Claude , Lepareur François , Stroh Patrick , Vindrinet Robert , Dinand Daniel , Lacroix Michel
Published: September 2017

Having described, in a first communication, the aspect of controls in the introduction of a program of energization of the epidemiological network of Charente-Maritime, the second communication expose the actions for statements of abortions. This second part treats specially of technical aspects.
Infection à virus “West Nile”. Situation épidémiologique. Risques pour l’homme. Épizootie en France en 2000-2001
Authors: Zientara Stéphan
Published: September 2017

West Nile fever. epidemiological situation. Riskes for man. epizootic in france 2000-2001

West Nile fever is caused by a positive RNA virus which belongs to the Flaviviridiae family. First described in 1937 in Africa, this virus has been isolated in America, Asia and Europe. The virus is transmitted from birds to birds by hematophagous arthropods (in particular mosquitoes). West Nile infection is usually asymptomatic in humans but can cause severe nervous disorders (encephalitis). In France, during summer 2000, 76 cases of equine infection were reported in South of France. A serological survey has shown that 8,3 % of horses were seropositive. The surveillance of the virus was performed in birds and mosquitoes.
Bacillus cereus et hygiène des denrées alimentaires
Authors: Catsaras Marc
Published: September 2017

Bacillus cereus and hygiene of foodstuffs

After recalling general characters of Bacillus cereus : bacteriology and pathogenic role, the auther explained all the aspects, past and present, of B. cereus role in collective food poisoning, role which was some a little minor.