bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pricing Rent-to-Own Options with a Barrier Level: Taking Housing Contracts as an Example
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Long , Ting Chien-Jung
Published: June 2022

Abstract

How to effectually price a rent-to-own option embedded a barrier level? This question is an important issue in financial market. For the purpose, we use the boundary integral method of PDE to derive a closed-form approximate solution of the rent-to-own option embedded a barrier level, where the tenant has the right to buy a specified rental house during the duration of contract. This study finds several characteristics through a sequence of numerical analyses and provides an available method for pricing rent-to-own options taking housing contracts with a barrier level as an example. This paper is original research in pricing a rent-to-own option using a boundary integral method and provides a reference to financial market about the valuation of a rent-to-own option embedded a barrier level well.

JEL classification numbers: C02, G13.
Keywords: Rent-to-own option, Boundary integral method, Green’s function.
Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Mahmood Shaukat  , Hafiz Mahmood Ahmad  , Muhammad Umar Shafiq
Published: June 2022

Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is a rare genetic disorder that presents within the first six months of life. We present the case report of a male child who presented to us in the first month of his life with symptoms of lethargy, constipation, and reluctance to feed. One sibling of the child had died earlier with similar symptoms in the first six months of life. Upon physical examination, the child was lethargic, dehydrated, had bradycardia with hyperreflexia. Serum electrolyte analysis showed hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. Further workup revealed elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels and Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) gene mutation in autosomal recessive patterns. The father was discovered to be heterozygous for the same mutation but is asymptomatic. Diagnosis of neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism was made and the child was managed medically with intravenous fluids, Furosemide, Pamidronate, and Cinacalcet.
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Multifocal myxopapillary ependymoma and iatrogenic spinal cord herniation: management options and lessons learned
Authors: Ayesha Arshad  , Sheheryar Hanif  , Irfana Ishaq Sindhu  , Irfan Yousaf
Published: June 2022

Although myxopapillary ependymoma is a fairly common tumour of the lumbosacral spine, primary multi-focal myxopapillary ependymoma is a rare variant. Drop metastasis and leptomeningeal spread in the craniospinal axis is seen more frequently in the paediatric population, although it is unusual in adults. Surgical resection of the primary lesion remains the standard treatment. As per the authors’ knowledge, to-date there is only one prior case in literature reporting iatrogenic spinal cord herniation with indentation after surgery for thoracolumbar spinal tumour. Here, we are discussing an unusual case of primary multi-focal ependymoma in a 16-year-old Asian boy, with drop metastasis and lepto-meningeal disease, who developed iatrogenic spinal cord herniation after the first surgery for the primary tumour. He presented to the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, after his first surgery.
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A case report of sacrococcygeal foreign body presenting as pilonidal sinus
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Adnan , Ammar Ahmed Siddique , Naqi Syed Asghar , Afzal Ameer , Sarwar Zeeshan , Ahmed Rana Sohail
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pilonidal disease occurs most commonly in those males who have to sit long hours at their work place e.g. online office workers or drivers. It is caused by piercing of broken hairs into the sacrococcygeal region which causes localised inflammation. Inflammation in this area due to any other foreign body is very rare. Among many treatment options for pilonidal sinus, instillation of crystalloid phenol showed promising results in terms of low recurrence rates, low post-operative complications and less healing time. Here, we present the case of a 13-year-old female student who had pilonidal sinus in sacrococcygeal region for six months and was unresponsive to multiple treatments. Later, on exploration it was revealed to contain a small foreign body of 3cm of hard straw of grass. The patient was treated with crystalloid phenol and on regular follow-up she was completely fine by the end of the third week.
Cultura digital, youtubers mirins e a produção de conteúdos midiáticos para o público infantil
Authors: Marcon Karina , Rossi Leonardo José , Carvalheiro Igor Marcus , Silva Felipe da
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a produção de conteúdos audiovisuais publicados na plataforma YouTube destinados ao público infantil, tendo como critério de seleção vídeos produzidos por YouTubers mirins. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória, foram analisados cinco canais de YouTubers mirins, escolhidos a partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos, tais como número de inscritos e total de visualizações dos vídeos mais populares. Elegemos canais com expressividade dentro do YouTube para o público infantil e de cada um deles analisamos o conteúdo do vídeo mais popular, buscando conhecer e descrever o que está sendo consumido pelas crianças.
The Analysis of the Impact of Debt on the Indonesian Economy for the Period 1976-2021
Authors: Junaedi Dedi , Norman Efrita , Salistia Faisal , Arsyad Muhammad Rizal , Paramansyah Arman
Published: June 2022

Foreign debt has an important and inseparable role in the history of Indonesia's national development. The government has changed seven times, foreign debt is always present to fill the development budget deficit. Debt is expected to help move the wheels of the economy, create growth, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. This study aims to analyze the effect of debt, budget, inflation and differences in government regimes on the Indonesian economy (GDP and Income per Capita) in Indonesia for the 1976-2021 period. The study uses secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the World Bank, and other reference sources such as books, journals and scientific papers. The data used are the value of foreign debt, APBN, national income (GDP), population, inflation rate, and government regime in the period 1976 - 2021. The results of multiple regression analysis with dummy variables (using the Eviews 10 application program) show the following results: Foreign debt and APBN have a correlation with the condition of the national economy, especially the value of GDP. Debt and the state budget tend to increase the value of GDP. In terms of debt management as a driver of economic growth, the Suharto Era (New Order) tended to be better than the eras that followed. However, relatively speaking, the Habibe and SBY eras tended to be better than the Megawati era, the Abdurahman Wahid era, and the Jokowi era. In fact, Jokowi's era is no better than previous eras.

 

Keywords: Budget, Inflation, GDP, Indonesian Economy
Pengaruh Matakuliah Kewirausahaan terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Menjadi Wirausaha
Authors: Aderafika Sani Sri , M. Nawawi Zuhrinal
Published: June 2022

The Entrepreneurship course aims to make students learn to understand entrepreneurship, learn to have an entrepreneurial spirit, and learn to be an entrepreneur. This type of research is quantitative research. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship courses in order to increase student interest in entrepreneurship by using multiple regression tests to compare the interests of students who take entrepreneurship courses with those who do not take entrepreneurship courses. In semesters 2, 4, and 6, 30 random samples were obtained for each group of students. The results obtained indicate that the implementation of entrepreneurship courses affects student interest in entrepreneurship. For 2nd semester students they do not take entrepreneurial decisions, but they do take them in high school. On the other hand, 4th semester students are interested in jobs that can guarantee a steady income (job). The results of this study can explain the need for students to accompany the offering of entrepreneurship courses in more practical applications in order to gain a clearer understanding of entrepreneurship.

 

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Course, Interest in Entrepreneurship
Peran PT Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Amanh Bangsa Dalam Penyaluran Kredit Kepada Pengusaha Kecil di Sidamanik
Authors: Abdul Malik Tambunan Maulana , Perdana Indra Ahmad
Published: June 2022

This study describes the role of BPRS in the development and strengthening of the community's economy. The purpose of this study, among others, is to determine the role of BPRS in developing MSMEs in Palopo City and to determine the impact felt by MSME actors in Sidamanik in the BPRS empowerment program. This survey is a field survey with a qualitative survey design and data collection using observation, interview, and documentation techniques.

Keywords: Role, PT. BPRS Bank, Empowerment.
Analisis Valeu For Money Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Politik Pada Program Pembinaan Atlet KONI Asahan
Authors: Tambunan Irma Chairani , Nawawi Zuhrinal M.
Published: June 2022

Value for Money is a performance indicator in a public sector that provides information on whether the budget (funds) provided provides a certain value for the community. The indicators referred to in this case are economic, efficient, and effective. Measuring athlete satisfaction with the services provided by KONI Asahan was carried out on 25 athletes in the Muaythai sport. This study aims to analyze Valur for Money in improving public services at the Asahan Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) in the design of athlete development with Valur for Money analysis. The measurement of athlete satisfaction with the services provided by the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) Asahan is carried out by means of the IKM (Community Satisfaction Index). The results of the study show that all budget funds financed by the government have been used properly through the allocation of funds for coaching athletes and coaches.

Keywords: Service, Value for Money, Athlete
Alman Oryantalist Georg Friedrich Daumer’in (1800-1875) Hz. Peygamber Hakkındaki Görüşleri ve Manzum Hadis Tercümesi
Authors: ÇAP Sabri
Published: June 2022

Edebiyat, felsefe ve teoloji alanlarında birçok eserin yazarı olan Georg Friedrich Daumer’in en önemli eserlerinden birisi Mahomed und sein Werk (Muhammed ve Eseri) adlı kitabıdır. Yazar bu eserde Doğu din, kültür ve medeniyetine dair manzum ve mensur geniş bilgi vermektedir. Söz konusu eserin büyük bir kısmı ise Batı’da ilk defa yazılan manzum hadis tercümelerinden ibarettir. Daumer bu eserde İslâm ve Hz. Peygamber hakkında takdir ve hayranlık ifade eden değerlendirmelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede yazar ve eserlerinin tanıtılması, onun Hz. Peygamber ve İslâm hakkındaki görüşlerinin tesbiti hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca söz konusu eserden seçilen bir miktar Almanca manzum hadis tercümeleri Türkçeleri ile birlikte zikredilmektedir. XIX. asırda Batı dillerinde henüz oldukça sınırlı hadis tercümeleri bulunurken bu eserde çok sayıda hadisin manzum olarak Almanca’ya tercüme edilmesi, İslâm ve Hz. Peygamber’den hayranlıkla bahsedilmesi hadis ilmi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Hadise dair tartışmaların arttığı bir dönemde Hz. Peygamber’in ve İslâm’ın hadislerle ve edebî bir dille bir oryantalist tarafından anlatılması İslâmofobi karşısında kayda değer bir itiraz mahiyetindedir.
Nef’î’yi Tanzîren Keçecizâde Fuad Paşa’ya Yazılmış Manzum Mektup Örneği
Authors: SOFUOĞLU Nesrin
Published: June 2022

Makalemizin konusu “Hâdî” mahlaslı bir şair tarafından yazılmış “Manzum Mektup” örneğidir. Eser müellif hattı olup tek nüsha halindedir. Hâdî, eserin başlangıcında “Fuâd Paşa” ya sunulan bir mektup ve aynı zamanda “Nef’î” merhuma nazîre olduğunu ifade eden mensur bir giriş yapmıştır. Fuâd Paşa’nın hayatı hakkındaki tarihsel bilgilerden hareketle eserin şairinin kimliği ve yazılış tarihi saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Metin incelemesinden hareketle, eserin Türk Edebiyatı’ndaki yeri, şekil ve tür, dil, ifade ve üslûp özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Zemin şiir olan Nef’î’ye ait Genç Osman Kasîdesi’nin de tamamı nakledilmiştir. Ayrıca orijinal metnin transkripsiyon yöntemi ile metin neşri yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızın konusu olan Nef’î’nin Genç Osman Kasîdesi’ne nazîre olan Hâdî’nin manzum mektup örneği, Fuâd Paşa'ya hitaben yazılmıştır. Araştırmalarımız neticesinde manzum mektup örneğinin Hâdî mahlaslı şairin Tanzîmat döneminde yaşamış “Ali Hâdî” isimli bir şair ve müellif olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Manzum mektup türüne de örnek teşkil eden Hâdî’nin eseri, klasik kasîde tertibinde kaleme alınmış bir nazîredir. Eserin Dîvân Edebiyatı’nın kullandığı şekil ve tür özelliklerinin yanı sıra mazmunlar, edebî sanatlar gibi dil, ifade ve üslûp bakımından Klasik dönemin ve Nef’î’nin şiirine yaklaştığını söylemek mümkündür.
Alberto Fabio AMBROSIO, Bir Mevlevinin Hayatı: 17. Yüzyılda Sufilik Öğretisi ve Ayinleri, çev. Ayşe MERAL
Authors: ÇABUK Ezgi
Published: June 2022

Tarihsel süreçte Osmanlı coğrafyasında saygı gösterilen, desteklenen ve önemli bir yere sahip olan tarikatların, İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde ve özellikle de başkentte yoğunlaştığı bilinmektedir. Bu tarikatlardan biri de Mevlevilik’tir. Mevlevilik, ortaya çıktığı dönemden itibaren geniş bir alana yayılmış, kendine özgü adapları olan bir tarikattır. Bu yazı, "Bir Mevlevinin Hayatı: 17. Yüzyılda Sufilik Öğretisi ve Ayinleri" adlı eserin tanıtımı için yazılmıştır.
Engineering design process-based computational thinking abilities among brilliant and talented students
Authors: Sonay Seyit , Kiray Ceylan
Published: June 2022

Computational thinking abilities employed by gifted and talented students in integrated STEM activities based on the EDP are the focus of this investigation. The study makes use of a qualitative research strategy known as the case study design. Students from the Science and Arts Center are among the participants. Based on the EDP, integrated STEM activities were undertaken for 10 weeks and included Lego set-based robotics and 3D modeling exercises. To obtain data, the study relied on the STEM activity booklet, researchers' field notes, and video recordings of instructional processes. Content analysis was used to examine the data that had been gathered. Participating in integrated STEM activities that are based on the EDP, gifted and talented students demonstrate active use of critical thinking skills while providing explanations, making associations, questioning information and giving justifications, solving problems, thinking creatively and making generalizations, and attempting to persuade others. An important contribution to the growing body of knowledge on how gifted and talented kids' computational thinking abilities are enhanced by robotics and 3D robot modeling is supplied by this research.
Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Overview of Basic Concepts and Mechanisms
Authors: El Khiat Abdelaati , Hiba Omar El , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Draoui Ahmed , Jayakumar Arumugam Radhakrishnan , Norenberg Michael D. , Gamrani Halima
Published: June 2022

The liver failure induced encephalopathy is commonly referred as hepatic encephalopathy (HE). For many decades, scientists have tried to describe the symptoms of this disorder revealing a spectrum with different types of HE. Studies on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HE have implicated several factors, mainly neurotoxins, including ammonia, manganese, in addition to changes in various physiological factors, especially an imbalance between true and false neurotransmitters, as well as the involvement of various pro-inflammatory mediators. Such changes impact on the brain, which promote disorders in glia and neurons. This review focuses on the most relevant basic pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with HE.
Schmidt’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Al-rifai Amani , Chbib Joyce , Kdouh Ghassan
Published: June 2022

The Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGA) consists of immune dysfunction affecting two or more endocrine glands and other non-endocrine organs. There are PGA I, PGA II and PGA III. The second type involves dysfunction of the adrenal gland, namely Addison’s disease plus either autoimmune thyroiditis or type I Diabetes Mellitus. We report the case of a 21 year old female known to have Hashimoto disease who has presented with generalized fatigue and abdominal pain induced by an adrenal insufficiency onset. She was diagnosed with PGA II and treated with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine to which her condition quickly responded and eventually improved.
Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Peran Dosen Penasehat Akademik Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Pada Program Studi Manajemen Administrasi Politeknik Belitung
Authors: Fachlovi Venny Resti
Published: June 2022

Academic advisory lecturers have an essential role in encouraging student success in attending lectures. For this reason, academic advisory lecturers tasked with guiding students must prepare themselves as well as possible to optimize their role as academic advisors. This research is quantitative descriptive. The variables in this study are 2 independent variables: the communication variable and the role of the Academic Advisor lecturer, and the dependent variable is the student's academic achievement. The sample in this study was 37 second-semester students of the Administrative Management Study Program. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Based on the study results, the communication variable has a positive and significant effect on student academic achievement. It is shown in hypothesis testing based on the results of the T-test (partial), showing that the communication variable (X1) T-count > T-table (7.580 > 2.032) and significance < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), which means that Ho is rejected. Ha is accepted. The PA lecturer variable has a positive and significant effect on student academic achievement. It is shown in hypothesis testing seen from the results of the T-test (Partial) showing that the role of the PA lecturer (X2) T-count > T-table (3.619 > 2.032) and a significance < 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05), which means that the the the Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. Communication variables and PA lecturers positively and significantly affect student academic achievement. It is shown in the results of hypothesis testing based on the results of the F test showing that the F-count obtained is 80.371 with a significance of 0.000, and the value of the F-table is 3.267. If the results of F-count with F-table are compared, then F-count > F-table (80.371 > 3,267) and significance < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). These results indicate that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a jointly significant influence between the communication variable (X1) and the PA lecturer role variable (X2) on student academic achievement (Y). The suggestion from the results of this study is that PA lecturers should communicate more intensely to their guidance students by motivating students. It can further increase the educational value of the students under his guidance. And students must be more active in communicating with their respective PA lecturers and do not hesitate to PA lecturers to consult if there are problems encountered in lectures.
A Usage-Based Constructionist Approach to Evidentiality in Turkish: The Unevidentiality Construction
Authors: Gedik Tan Arda
Published: June 2022

Coupled with corpora, usage-based construction grammar aims to provide cognitive plausibility for linguistic phenomena. In this vein, this paper combines construction grammar and usage-based approaches to analyze evidentiality in Turkish. While Turkish has been analyzed from a usage-based perspective, evidentiality has not been taken up in a usage-based constructionist approach. By using corpora, association measures, and construction as a notion and a framework, this paper defines the Unevidentiality Construction in a taxonomic space. First, it outlines its semantic properties and then it uses association measures such as faith, delta (∆) p, and ITECX to determine its usage pattern and statistical biases based on corpora. The paper demonstrates a superordinate and lower-level, item-specific instantiations of the construction. The results from association measures and the family of unevidentiality constructions can serve for future linguistic endeavors.
Higher education and the impact of the pandemic on its quality
Authors: Куксин И.Н.
Published: June 2022

проблема качества высшего образования всегда была в центревнимания как российских, так и зарубежных исследователей. Особенно обострился этот вопрос в условиях коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Появились исследовательские группы вузов, которые взяли под пристальное внимание качествоучебного процесса, чтобы вырабатывать методические рекомендации для свое-временной его корректировки. Если 2020 год был годом экстренного поиска, то навтором году пандемии (2021 г.) было ясно, что вузы должны переходить на дистанционную, а некоторые вузы в дальнейшем и на смешанную модель образования. С учетом этих обстоятельств необходимо было выработать инструментарий,с помощью которого следует осуществлять управление качеством высшего образования. Данная статья посвящена обоснованию тех элементов, которые должнысоставлять основу управления и внутренней оценки качества образовательных результатов.

The problem of the quality of higher education has always been inthe focus of attention of both Russian and foreign researchers. This issue has becomeespecially acute in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Researchgroups of universities have appeared which have taken the quality of the educationalprocess under close attention in order to develop methodological recommendations forits timely adjustment. If 2020 was the year of emergency search, then in the secondyear of the pandemic (2021) it was clear that universities should switch to distanceeducation, and some universities in the future to a mixed model of education. Giventhese circumstances, it was necessary to develop a toolkit with which to manage thequality of higher education. This article is devoted to the substantiation of those elementsthat should form the basis of management and internal assessment of the qualityof educational results.
Plataformas de solução de conflitos e sistema de justiça brasileiro pós-COVID-19
Authors: Bragança Fernanda , Andrade Juliana Loss de
Published: June 2022

Diversos estudos com o objetivo de apontar algumas projeções para o sistema de justiça pós-COVID-19 no mundo. Os especialistas parecem concordar que o modelo de Justiça pré pandemia coronavírus não responde de forma ágil, flexível, acessível e economicamente adequada às demandas da sociedade pós-pandemia. Este contexto emergente cria um terreno ainda mais propício ao desenvolvimento de soluções extrajudiciais baseadas na auto composição. O período também foi marcado por projetos pilotos no âmbito dos tribunais brasileiros com o intuito de conferir maior celeridade e efetividade ao tratamento das demandas decorrentes desta conjuntura de crise sanitária através do uso de métodos consensuais. A tecnologia foi um elemento fundamental neste momento, pois possibilitou que as sessões de negociação, mediação e conciliação ocorressem através de videoconferência. Ressalta-se que o desafio daqui para frente consiste em promover a integração de plataformas de solução de conflitos com os sistemas dos tribunais, assim como a automação do maior número de etapas possíveis nessas plataformas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como esta integração está sendo projetada no Brasil, tendo em vista a publicação da resolução n. 358 de 2020 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) que regulamentou a criação de soluções tecnológicas para a resolução de conflitos pelo Poder Judiciário por meio da conciliação e mediação. Esta resolução estabelece que os tribunais terão o prazo de 18 meses para disponibilizar aos seus usuários um sistema informatizado para a composição entre as partes. Esta determinação entende como insuficientes as medidas adotadas até então que se apoiam em aplicativos de vídeo e áudio para interação entre as partes e exige a disponibilização de plataformas que podem ser desenvolvidas pela própria equipe interna dos tribunais quanto por empresas ou outras instituições e que contemplem, pelo menos, as seguintes funcionalidades: cadastro das partes (pessoas físicas e jurídicas) e seus representantes; integração com o cadastro nacional de mediadores e conciliadores do CNJ (CONCILIAJUD); cadastro de casos extrajudiciais; integração com o sistema processual eletrônico do tribunal ou desenvolvimento em plataforma de interoperabilidade; sincronização de agendas/agendamento e geração de atas e termos de forma automatizada. Este tema é relevante na medida em que, neste instante, muitas dúvidas ainda pairam acerca das disposições desta regulamentação e os tribunais estão em vias de escolher qual sistema irão utilizar. Dessa maneira, o aprofundamento sobre o assunto se revela urgente e necessário ao avanço das discussões acerca do futuro do sistema de justiça em nosso país.
Transforming Society by Creating Innovators through Skill & Research Focused Education – A Case Study of Srinivas University
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubrajyotsna
Published: June 2022

Innovation is considered as the lifeblood of higher education institutions and universities in order to survive, sustain, differentiate, monopoly, and develop in their industry. It is postulated that the core Innovations of universities should be focussed in five areas to develop core resources which include physical infrastructure, digital infrastructure, innovative teaching-learning infrastructure, intellectual property infrastructure, emotional infrastructure, and network infrastructure. It is also postulated that the Skill focussed education model contributes to the creation of innovative teaching-learning infrastructure and Research oriented education model contributes to the intellectual property infrastructure of the organization. This paper highlights how a new innovative private university can plan and implement strategies to grow in its lifecycle of survival stage, sustainability stage, differentiation stage, monopoly stage, and developed stage by means of skill enhancement through industry integration model and research oriented curriculum based education model by considering Srinivas university as a case study. This case study elaborates how Srinivas university implements its strategy aggressively to grow as most innovative skill and research focussed education system in India with an objective of transforming society by creating innovators.
Employee Recruitment and Retention: An Overview from a National Perspective
Authors: Gerstenberger Peter
Published: June 2022

Commercial arborists rank recruitment and retention collectively as the third largest problem they face. There is every indication that as the labor market tightens over the next 5-10 years, the problem of finding and keeping good help will only become more serious unless action is taken. There are a variety of techniques the business manager can employ to alleviate the problem; however, each technique is not suitable to all situations. Doing nothing will, at best, only perpetuate the problem. Recruiting and retention must become ongoing functions of business management.
State Regulation of Utility Arboriculture
Authors: Gilmore George
Published: June 2022

The role of state governments in regulating utility arboriculture is primarily for the purpose of protecting and maintaining the aesthetics of public roadways for the traveling public. The utility service companies can realize benefits as the state becomes active in promoting proper tree care standards within utility clearance space requirements. Maryland's Roadside Tree Program is administered to foster cooperation between property owners, local jurisdictions, utility services and other state agencies in the care of trees within the public rights-of-way.
Utility Customer Tree Replacement
Authors: Morris L. Brian
Published: June 2022

Utilities must prune trees in order to safely deliver electrical power and do It In a reliable manner. The ultimate answer to the ever increasingly difficult task of clearing lines from conflicting tree limbs in the urban setting is to have compatible tree species planted in and near the right-of-way rather than the larger maturing species. Duke Power, like many utilities, has decided to take a pro-active approach to the problem and initiate a customer tree replacement program to aid in procuring the customer's agreement to allow the removal of certain incompatible species.
Perceptions and Preferences of Urban Forest Users
Authors: Schroeder Herbert
Published: June 2022

Urban forest resources provide many important benefits to people who live in cities. This paper reviews research from social science and design disciplines that is intended to guide management of urban forests. Research studies have examined benefits of urban forest vegetation, preferred features and characteristics of urban forest settings, and recreational use of these settings.
Texas Municipal Tree and Landscape Ordinances
Authors: Tereshkovich George
Published: June 2022

This paper identifies the many Texas communities that have tree/plant and landscape ordinances and the laws that govern them. However, numerous Texas communities currently lack ordinances pertaining to landscape concerns.
Evaluation of Biorational Pesticides for Use in Arboriculture
Authors: Nielsen David
Published: June 2022

Pest control in urban and community forests is undergoing rapid change in Canada and The United States of America. Anyone who has been involved in pest control during the past 20 years realizes that the rules for pesticide use and their availability have been and are changing. Improved ability to detect minute amounts of pesticide residue, environmental awareness and activism, and increased demand for higher quality landscapes require creativity in terms of pest control approaches and products. Impending legislation and changing consumer attitudes mandate reduction in use of conventional pesticides in landscape maintenance. Biorational insecticides and acaricides, including horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps, bacterial preparations, and entomogeneous nematodes are under increasing development and are being used more widely in arboriculture. Results of investigations with some of these biorational products against important pests of trees and shrubs are reported.
Efficacy of Summer Oil Spray on Thirteen Commonly Occurring Insect Pests
Authors: Baxendale R.W. , Johnson W.T.
Published: June 2022

The limited investigations of the past have shown that, when applied at low concentrations to woody ornamentals in verdant condition, horticultural oil provides a safe and effective means of controlling a wide variety of arthropod pests. This report provides data showing that the superior oil product Sunspray 6E Plus is highly effective against the woolly larch adelgid, cottony maple scale, calico scale, golden oak scale, boxwood psyllid, honeylocust plant bug, sycamore lace bug, European pine sawfly, and the euonymus webworm. Poor to no effect is reported here against adults of the sycamore plant bug, adults and larvae of the imported willow leaf beetle, and Japanese beetle. Phytotoxicity data are also included.
Urban Forests in the Desert?
Authors: Zube Ervin , Kennedy Christina
Published: June 2022

The first concerted efforts to establish urban forests in Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona occurred around the turn of the century. Both cities developed and projected images of oases. During the 1950s Tucson began to abandon the oasis image. Phoenix, however, has maintained that image to date. Differences in life-style and in the availability of water, and the environmental movement of the 1970s have been suggested as factors that influenced the changing image of Tucson. This paper reports on a mail survey that was conducted to explore Tucsonans' attitudes towards urban trees. While respondents believe trees are important for the city and for residential streets, they place greatest emphasis on trees in their own yards and indicate an unwillingness to pay more property taxes for a municipal street tree program.
Developing a Species Profile
Authors: Clark James , Matheny Nelda , McNeil Joe
Published: June 2022

The selection and management of trees depend upon the availability of accurate information about the characteristics of the individual taxa involved. The development of a species profile utilizes a variety of sources of information, ranging from textbooks to personal experience. Both basic and practical knowledge are needed. Aspects of plant biology such as natural range and habitat, phenology and reproductive behavior may provide insights into management. In addition, practical guidelines for pruning, key pests and other management strategies may be invaluable.
Resistance of Plant Cover Types to Tree Seedling Invasion on an Electric Transmission Right-Of-Way
Authors: Bramble W.C. , Byrnes W.R. , Hutnik R.J.
Published: June 2022

A study of resistance of common plant covers to tree invasion was made on an electric transmission right-ofway (ROW) in an oak-hickory forest in central Pennsylvania. Tree seedling counts were made on belt transects in 1984, 1985, and 1986 after ROW maintenance was applied in 1982. Cover types dominated by dense patches of grasses and herbs were highly resistant to tree invasion. Also resistant were shrub covers dominated by blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium and V. vacillans) and bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia). Shrub covers dominated by blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) and witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana) were of low resistance to tree invasion. A tree sprout-shrub cover that developed after handcutting contained numerous tree seedlings.
Estimating Radiation Received by a Person Under Different Species of Shade Trees
Authors: Brown Robert , Gillespie Terry
Published: June 2022

A micrometeorological computer model was used to estimate the radiation that would be received by a person under a range of shade trees. The results provide a relative comparison of tree species in terms of their radiation characteristics for conditions on sunny spring, summer, and winter days. All trees tested provide a significant reduction in the radiation load of a person compared to open conditions. The relative comfort level of the environment under test trees was also determined, using an energy budget 'human thermal comfort1 model. These results demonstrate the general value of shade trees in the landscape, and provide a relative measure of the value of different species.
Systemic Treatment with Acephate for Gypsy Moth Management: Population Suppression and Wound Response
Authors: Reardon R.C. , Webb R.E.
Published: June 2022

Oaks were treated with acephate containing ACECAPs or Mauget Inject-A-Cide 0 units 1984 and/or 1 985. In 1985, both twice-treated (treated in 1984 and 1985) and once-treated (treated only in 1985) oaks had significantly fewer gypsy moth egg masses per tree than did control trees, and twice-treated oaks had fewer than those treated only in 1984. Implantation/injection did more damage to white oak than to red oak group trees.
Vegetation Management: Mowing to Spraying
Authors: Johnstone Richard
Published: June 2022

Ten years ago, Delmarva Power began to change its vegetation maintenance techniques to control costs and improve wildlife habitat of its rights-of-way. Instead of periodically cutting vegetation with mechanical mowers, the Utility began to treat incompatible species of plants with herbicides. This not only resulted in lower right-of-way maintenance costs and improved wildlife habitat, but also improved aesthetics, accessibility, and environmental protection.
Root-Knot Nematodes on Willows: Screening of Salix Species, Cultivars, and Hybrids for Resistance
Authors: Santamour Frank , McCray Batzli Janet
Published: June 2022

Five clones of Salix alba, two cultivars of S. babylonica, and 25 "weeping willow" clones from various arboreta were susceptible to the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria (Race 1 and Race 2), M. incognita, and M. javanica. None of these clones, nor those of 16 other taxa, were susceptible to M. hapla. Clones of some of the other taxa (S. arbutifolia, S. gracilistyla, S. Integra, S. nigra, S. sachalinensis 'Sekka') were resistant to or tolerant of all the nematodes, and a few taxa exhibited differential susceptibilities. Putative hybrids between a susceptible female S. alba clone and some resistant or tolerant taxa were susceptible to all infective nematode species and races. Short-term greenhouse studies indicated that shoot growth of a S. alba clone could be significantly reduced by nematode infestation but growth of S. babylonica 'Babylon' was not affected. The fact remains, however, that most of our widely planted landscape willows are highly susceptible to root-knot nematodes and may be more subject to windthrow because of such infestation.
Formation of Girdling Roots
Authors: Watson Gary , Clark Sandra , Johnson Ken
Published: June 2022

Root crowns of 60 Norway maples, 15 sugar maples, 15 red maples, 10 green ash, 10 honeylocust, and 10 littleleaf lindens were excavated 3-10 years after planting in order to study girdling roots. Girdling roots and potentially girdling roots were more common on maple species. The majority of the girdling roots were either small or new laterals initiated during the first year after transplanting. Lateral roots at perpendicular angles, close to the base of the trunk, are often naturally positioned to develop into girdling roots. Growth of the lateral roots, which is often slow while the root terminal is intact, is stimulated when the terminal is severed as the tree is dug from the nursery. Girdling roots were not related to plantting depth. Only Norway maples frequently had severely girdling roots as mature trees. Mature sugar and red maples had few girdling roots.
Establishing a Local Arborists' Association
Authors: LeBlanc Guy , Brown Dennis
Published: June 2022

A local arborists' association can provide additional benefits to arborists also belonging to national and state organizations, especially in large states. It also benefits the general public in its community, and ultimately the trees in the community's urban forest, by increasing awareness of the value of trees and of currently accepted arboricultural techniques. For such an organization to achieve its goals, it is necessary to create a set of guidelines for members and to have methods for recruiting members, raising funds, and informing the general public.
Can Tree Susceptibility to Borers be Predicted from Root Starch Measurements?
Authors: Dunn James , Potter Daniel
Published: June 2022

The twolined chestnut borer (TLCB) attacks and kills stressed oak trees, especially those that have been weakened by severe drought. We tested the hypothesis that winter root starch reserves of white oak are an indicator of tree vigor, and that trees low in stored starch are especially vulnerable to borer attack during the following summer. Only those trees that were very low in stored root starch were heavily attacked by the TLCB and showed signs of decline or died. A few oaks with high starch reserves were also successfully colonized, but those trees did not show signs of decline and did not die. Thus, winter starch reserves were generally a good predictor of TLCB attacks. Further research is needed to determine if this relationship holds for other hardwood trees and their respective wood borers. Use of root starch ratings to assess tree susceptibility to borers needs further testing in urban settings to determine its practicality for pest management.
England Before and After the Hurricane of 1987
Authors: Graham Andrew
Published: June 2022

The October 1986 hurricane that struck southern England was the first of its magnitude since 1703. Extensive destruction and damage occurred to numerous old trees in forests and gardens. Morris Arboretum arborists traveled from Philadelphia to Sussex County, England to help the staff of Wakehurst Place (an outpost of Royal Botanic Garden, Kew) restore their garden. While there we observed damage patterns, and tree species wind tolerance while noting significance tree losses to the scientific collections and garden landscapes. The Royal Botanic Garden's data collection forms may prove useful to American arborists in collecting and analyzing storm damage data. The Morris Arboretum team cleared debris from a winter interest garden, removed overhead hazards from a half mile of walking paths, and made life-long friends of grateful Wakehurst staff.
A Program for the Basic Formula Method for Tree Valuation
Authors: Fitzpatrick George , Verkade Stephen
Published: June 2022

A program is presented that computes tree valuation by the basic formula method. This program is designed to support portable, hand held, battery operated programmable calculators which are suitable for use in the field. Use of this program eliminates computational error that can jeopardize the validity and practical usefuleness of tree valuation by the basic formula method.
Contracting Municipal Tree Maintenance
Authors: Kennedy Robert
Published: June 2022

The City of Los Angeles, with an urban forest of 680,000 trees, has found that developing a partnership with private industry has provided its citizens with a cost effective and flexible tool to provide a high level of quality service. To make this partnership work definitive specifications and contracts must be prepared, executed and enforced. City staff provides support to and inspection of the contractor to ensure that the specified quality and level of service is achieved.
Factors Affecting the Selection of Logistics Service Providers of Electronic Commerce Entrepreneurs in the Upper Southern Part of Thailand
Authors: Inprom Mallika , Sudhamasapa Cheraporn , Khaninphasut Purimpratch
Published: June 2022

This research aims to study 1) the behavior of logistics service providers of e-commerce entrepreneurs in the upper southern part of Thailand and 2) the influence of marketing mix factors and service quality factors affecting the services of logistics service providers in the upper southern part of Thailand. Questionnaires were distributed to 370 e-commerce entrepreneurs in the upper southern part of Thailand, which has a 0.93 reliability value. The statistics used to analyze data were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The research result indicated that 1) Most of the e-commerce entrepreneurs in the upper southern part of Thailand chose logistics service providers with the fast delivery services, which deliver the products are shipped 1 - 3 times/week, during 1.01 - 4.30 p.m., and the average expenses are 301 - 500 baht/time; and 2) Marketing mix factors had affected on the decision to choose a logistics service provider, such as products, place, physical evidence, and process. In terms of service quality, factors had affected choosing a logistics service provider at the statistical significance, with a prediction coefficient of 40.2 and 46.6%, respectively. This research shows that logistics service providers should pay attention to rapid delivery for e-commerce entrepreneurs to be impressed and come back to use the service again.
Ethical Framework of Digital Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Health Equity
Authors: Prathomwong Piyanat , Singsuriya Pagorn
Published: June 2022

Healthcare is evident in the extensive use of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). Although one aim of technological development and application is to promote health equity, it can at the same time increase health disparities. An ethical framework is needed to analyze issues arising in the effort to promote health equity through digital technology and AI. Based on an analysis of ethical principles for the promotion of health equity, this research article aims to synthesize an ethical framework for analyzing issues related to the promotion of health equity through digital technology and AI. Results of the study showed a synthesized framework that comprises two main groups of ethical principles: general principles and principles of management. The latter is meant to serve the implementation of the former. The general principles comprise four core principles: Human Dignity, Justice, Non-maleficence, and Beneficence, covering major principles and minor principles. For example, the core principle of Human Dignity includes three major principles (Non-humanization, Privacy, and Autonomy), and two minor principles (Explicability and Transparency). Other core principles have their relevant major and minor principles. The principles of management can be categorized according to their goals to serve different core principles. An illustration of applying the ethical framework is offered through the analysis and categorization of issues solicited from experts in multidisciplinary workshops on digital technology, AI, and health equity.
Examining Philippine Competition Policy (1992-2015) through Punctuated Equilibrium Theory
Authors: P. Katigbak Jovito Jose
Published: June 2022

For many democracies, competition in the free market is an essential pillar to ensure the continuous improvement of the standard of living of their citizens. In the Philippines, an anti-trust law was only institutionalized in July 2015 after former President Benigno Aquino III signed into law the Philippine Competition Act (PCA). Despite this major legislative landmark, critics argue that it should have been passed two decades ago. The study finds that the role of political institutions has been instrumental in effecting policy stasis as oligarchs and economic elites maintain close links with the legislators and government officials. Furthermore, the Philippine government has opted to focus on issue-neutral, non-controversial, and public works-centered projects to prevent debate among colleagues and to satisfy demands of constituencies. Interestingly, there was no triggering event to effect policy change. Instead, the passage of the PCA is due to two major reasons: domestic rationale; and global developments.
A Theoretical Model for Strengthening Bank Reputation in Myanmar During Crisis
Authors: Min Tun Phyo
Published: June 2022

This paper attempts to construct a theoretical model for amending the impairment of bank reputation and extend the knowledge for policymakers and managers of private banks regarding the essential factors to consider in building a more substantial bank reputation, particularly during the irregular period in banking sector. The quantitative research approach was employed, and randomly selected 350 private bank customers participated in this study. The questionnaire items were analyzed using partially exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partially confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The hypotheses were estimated and examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. According to the results, structural assurance (β=0.738, p<0.001) and financial assurance (β=0.367, p<0.001) had a significant positive effect on service quality. Moreover, service quality positively affected perceived value (β=0.520, p<0.001), communal influence (β=0.765, p<0.001), and bank reputation (β=0.592, p<0.001). Further, perceived value (β=0.284, p<0.05) and communal influence (β=0.122, p<0.05) with regard to private banks all evidenced a positive direct effect on bank reputation. Therefore, this study statically confirmed the roles of structural and financial assurance in improving service quality and service quality outcomes (perceived value and communal influence), leading to a more incredible bank reputation.