bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional point cloud reconstruction of inverse synthetic aperture radar image sequences based on back projection and iterative closest point fusion
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Shuai , He Tingting , Tian Biao , Chen Zengping
Published: December 2022

In order to recover the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the target from sequential inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images, the factorisation method is generally used. It requires a large number of high‐quality matched feature points from different ISAR images. If the number of extracted feature points is insufficient, the restored 3D structure is not obvious. Furthermore, the mismatching of feature points will greatly affect the quality of target reconstruction. However, the factorisation method only uses the information from the ISAR images, while that from imaging geometry is not sufficiently considered. ISAR imaging is a kind of projection, and the projection plane information could be taken into account for the 3D reconstruction. Hence, a new 3D reconstruction method for stable targets from sequential ISAR images is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ISAR images are preprocessed with the CLEAN algorithm. The maximum between‐cluster variance method is applied to extract feature points from the processed images. Moreover, the image projection plane and projection equation corresponding to different ISAR images are analysed by using imaging geometry information. According to the projection equation, the feature points are back‐projected (BP) to the 3D space. Finally, the 3D point clouds obtained by the BP from multiple radar images are fused by the iterative closest point algorithm to restore the 3D structure of the target. The simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness and robustness of this method.
Transition from anti-solar to solar-like differential rotation: Dependence on Prandtl number
Authors: Käpylä P. J.
Published: December 2022

Context. Late-type stars such as the Sun rotate differentially due to the interaction of turbulent convection and rotation.

Aims. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of the effective thermal Prandtl number, which is the ratio of kinematic viscosity to thermal diffusivity, on the transition from anti-solar (slow equator, fast poles) to solar-like (fast equator, slow poles) differential rotation.

Methods. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations in semi-global spherical wedge geometry were used to model the convection zones of solar-like stars.

Results. The overall convective velocity amplitude increases as the Prandtl number decreases, in accordance with earlier studies. The transition from anti-solar to solar-like differential rotation is insensitive to the Prandtl number for Prandtl numbers below unity, but for Prandtl numbers greater than unity, solar-like differential rotation becomes significantly harder to excite. Magnetic fields and more turbulent regimes with higher fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers help to achieve solar-like differential rotation in near-transition cases where anti-solar rotation is found in more laminar simulations. Solar-like differential rotation occurs only in cases with radially outward turbulent angular momentum transport due to the Reynolds stress at the equator. The dominant contribution to this outward transport near the equator is due to prograde propagating thermal Rossby waves.

Conclusions. The differential rotation is sensitive to the Prandtl number only for large Prandtl numbers in the parameter regime explored in this study. Magnetic fields have a greater effect on the differential rotation, although the inferred presence of a small-scale dynamo did not lead to drastically different results. The dominance of the thermal Rossby waves in the simulations is puzzling because they are not detected in the Sun. The current simulations are shown to be incompatible with the currently prevailing mean-field theory of differential rotation.
Chasing extreme planetary architectures
Authors: Chauvin G. , Videla M. , Beust H. , Mendez R. , Correia A. C. M. , Lacour S. , Tokovinin A. , Hagelberg J. , Bouchy F. , Boisse I. , Villegas C. , Bonavita M. , Desidera S. , Faramaz V. , Forveille T. , Gallenne A. , Haubois X. , Jenkins J. S. , Kervella P. , Lagrange A.-M. , Melo C. , Thebault P. , Udry S. , Segransan D.
Published: December 2022

Context.Planet(s) in binaries are unique architectures for testing predictions of planetary formation and evolution theories in very hostile environments. Their presence in such a highly perturbed region poses a clear challenge from the early phase of planetesimals accretion to the dynamical evolution and stability through a very long period of time (several Gyrs in some case).

Aims.The combination of radial velocity, speckle interferometry, high-contrast imaging and high-precision astrometry with interfer-ometry, offers a unique and unprecedented set of observable to push the exploration of the extreme planetary system HD 196885. By dissecting the physical and orbital properties of each component, we aim at shedding light on its global architecture and stability.

Methods.We used the IRDIS dual-band imager of SPHERE at VLT, and the speckle interferometric camera HRCAM of SOAR, to acquire high-angular resolution images of HD 196885 AB between 2015 and 2020. Radial velocity observations started in 1983 with CORAVEL at OHP have been extended with a continuous monitoring with CORALIE at La Silla, and ELODIE and SOPHIE at OHP over almost 40 yr extending the radial velocity measurements HD 196885 A and resolving both the binary companion and the inner giant planet HD 196885 Ab. Finally, we took advantage of the exquisite astrometric precision of the dual-field mode of VLTI/GRAVITY (down to 30 µas) to monitor the relative position of HD 196885 A and B to search for the 3.6 yr astrometric wobble of the circumpri-mary planet Ab imprinted on the binary separation.

Results.Our observations enable to accurately constrain the orbital properties of the binary HD 196885 AB, seen on an inclined and retrograde orbit (iAB= 120.43 deg) with a semi-major axis of 19.78 au, and an eccentricity of 0.417. The GRAVITY measurements confirm for the first time the nature of the inner planet HD 196885 Ab by rejecting all families of pole-on solutions in the stellar or brown dwarf masses. The most favored island of solutions is associated with a Jupiter-like planet (MAb= 3.39MJup), with moderate eccentricity (eAaAb= 0.44), and inclination close to 143.04 deg. This results points toward a significant mutual inclination (Ф = 24.36 deg) between the orbital planes (relative to the star) of the binary companion B and the planet Ab. Our dynamical simulations indicate that the system is dynamically stable over time. Eccentricity and mutual inclination variations could be expected for moderate von Zipele Kozai Lidov cycles that may affect the inner planet.
Structural and dynamical modeling of WINGS clusters
Authors: Biviano A. , Mamon G. A.
Published: December 2022

Numerical simulations indicate that cosmological halos display power-law radial profiles of pseudo phase-space density (PPSD), Q ≡ ρ/σ3, where ρ is the mass density and σ is the velocity dispersion. We tested these predictions for Q(r) using the parameters derived from the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis performed with the MAMPOSSt mass-orbit modeling code on the observed kinematics of a velocity dispersion based stack (σv) of 54 nearby regular clusters of galaxies from the WINGS data set. In the definition of PPSD, the density is either in total mass ρ (Qρ) or in galaxy number density ν (Qν) of three morphological classes of galaxies (ellipticals, lenticulars, and spirals), while the velocity dispersion (obtained by inversion of the Jeans equation using the MCMC parameters) is either the total (Qρ and Qν) or its radial component (Qr, ρ and Qr, ν). We find that the PPSD profiles are indeed power-law relations for nearly all MCMC parameters. The logarithmic slopes of our observed Qρ(r) and Qr, ρ(r) for ellipticals and spirals are in excellent agreement with the predictions for particles in simulations, but slightly shallower for S0s. For Qν(r) and Qr, ν(r), only the ellipticals have a PPSD slope matching that of particles in simulations, while the slope for spirals is much shallower, similar to that of subhalos. However, for cluster stacks based on the richness or gas temperature, the fraction of power-law PPSDs is lower (esp. Qν) and the Qρ slopes are shallower, except for S0s. The observed PPSD profiles, defined using ρ rather than ν, appear to be a fundamental property of galaxy clusters. They would be imprinted during an early phase of violent relaxation for dark matter and ellipticals, and later for spirals as they move toward dynamical equilibrium in the cluster gravitational potential, while S0s are either intermediate (richness and temperature-based stacks) or a mixed class (σv stack).
Functional Effect of Lesser Yam Symbiotic Yoghurt on Hypercholesterolemia Wistar Rats
Authors: Rosida  , Santi S. S.
Published: December 2022

Synbiotic lesser yam yoghurt is fermented drink made from the mixture of cow’s milk and lesser yam extract which has functional benefits. Lesser yam yoghurt contains lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid, inulin, and soluble fiber which can improve the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia sufferers. This study aims to determine the effect of the intake of lesser yam yoghurt on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia wistar rats. This study used nested randomized design with two factors, the first factor was a feeding group (0,1,2,3,4 ml/day, while the second factor was the time of blood collection (0, week 1 and week 2). The data obtained were analyzed by using ANAVA and further test DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with a level of 5%. The results showed that giving lesser yam yoghurt for 2 weeks had a significant effect on the lipid profile improvement. Rats from 4 ml of yoghurt treatment experienced a decrease in total serum cholesterol by 48.4%, triglyceride levels by 35.8% and LDL levels by 65,5% and an increase in serum HDL levels by 150.3%. So it can be concluded that the intake of synbiotik lesser yam yoghurt has functional benefits in improving the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia rats.
The Bioavailability Prediction and Screening Phytochemicals of Sansevieria Trifasciata Leaves Extract
Authors: Oomariyah Nur , Dijk Gertian van
Published: December 2022

Leaves and rhizomes of Sansevieria trifasciata are used to treat some infectious diseases and have anti-diabetes potential. Active compounds and their bioavailability are not known yet. This study aimed to identify phytochemical compounds of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves and their orally bioavailability by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation. Leaves were obtained from the Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University. After drying in an oven (38±2°C) for seven days and pulverized, the powder leaves macerated in 5 ml 100% methanol/g. After five days, extracts were filtered and evaporated using the rotary evaporator system. A bioactive test was carried out by mixing extracts with a reagent to screen alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Samples were injected into GC-MS using column (HP5), fused silica tubing 30 m long (0.25 mm I.D) filled with acetonitrile. Sansevieria trifasciata bioactive was analyzed using the Swiss-ADME tool to check their bioavailability. The qualitative screening showed the presence of main plant compounds. The GC-MS analysis presented phytol, stigmasterol, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The SwissADME showed bioavailability phytochemicals of Sansevieria trifasciata not orally available according to Lipinski’s rules using SwissADME. It indicated that extract of Sansevieria trifasciata has promising potential as an alternative medicine compound.
Mechanical Behavior of Coronary Stent for Flexibility of Ring Made of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 using Finite Element Method (FEM)
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Fadly Hi. , Sukiman B. , Latif Lita Asyriati , Rais Sandi
Published: December 2022

Cases of death caused by cardiovascular disease are commonly coronary heart disease. The most well-known way to treat it is by installing a stent. Several studies related to the development of stents have been done. Continues in the materials used, one of which is the development of biodegradable materials so that the stent will dissolve in the body over time. In addition, when installed, the stent should be able to adjust its shape to the blood vessel and have a minimum tension so that it will not injure the vessel wall. This study investigated a bare metal stent with magnesium alloy AZ31 material using a strut mirror design (S><). The study used two stent conditions, namely crimped and expanded stent, to obtain changes in angle and maximum stress on the bending moment when simulated. The bending moment test simulates the finite element method (FEM) on Abaqus 6.14 software. The study results showed that to get the highest flexibility in crimped stent conditions, the best flexibility using von Mises stress in the safety limit is 0.011 N.mm bending moment and 50 μm thickness, with a curvature index of 0.0519 mm.
Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents of Meretrix sp. from Bancaran Estuary, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarwati Reni , Purnomo Tarzan , Fitrihidajati Herlina , Rachmadiarti Fida , Anggorowati Rahayu Dwi
Published: December 2022

People in South East Asia region have consumed hard clam for a long time. This clam also actively collected and traded by local people around beaches and estuaries in Indonesia. The purposes of this research were to analyze protein and content of hard clam (Meretrix sp.) collected from Bancaran Estuary, Indonesia and to evaluate the content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The sample of clams was collected by hand picking during low tide. Fresh samples of clams were kept in a cool box. Fresh samples of the flesh were taken for analysis of nutrient and heavy metal content as well. The content of fat was analyzed using soxhlet method; meanwhile the protein content was analyzed using Kjeldahl method. In addition, the content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the flesh of hard clam were tested using atomic adsorption spectroscopy. The results indicated of the flesh of hard clam contained fat and protein, namely 3.25±0.42% and 10.26±0.46% respectively. Meanwhile, the content of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) were 0.0306±0.0053 ppm and 0.0458±0.0035 ppm respectively. The level of Cd and Pb were lower than the level of maximum acceptable limit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the flesh of hard clam was safe for consumption.
Application of Metric Dimensions to Minimize the Installation of Fire Sensors on The Rectorate Building of Pasifik Morotai University
Authors: Parera Cicilya Orissa F. , Salmin Munazat , Bustan Ariestha Widyastuty , Mahmud Rauman
Published: December 2022

The metric dimension of the connected graph G for each 𝑣 𝜖 𝑉(𝐺) to the set W is . The set r (ν|W) = (d(ν, w1), d(ν,w2),…d(ν,wk) W is called the resolving set if every vertex u,v in G, if u ≠ ν , then r (u|W) ≠ r (ν|W) . Then the resolving set with the minimum cardinality can be called the minimum resolving set. The cardinality is called the metric dimension of G and is denoted by dim(G). This study aims to study and apply the concept of metric dimensions to minimize the installation of fire sensors in a building and focus on saving procurement costs and monitoring security against fire hazards. The Rectorate Building of the Pasifik Morotai University is under study, which consists of 3 floors with 55 rooms. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the fire sensors needed on the first floor were three, and on the second floor, three. There were three fire sensors on the third floor, so the number of fire sensors that will be installed in the Morotai University Pacific Rectorate Building is nine, regardless of the relationship between the floors.
Implementation of the Problem Based Learning Model With E-Learning Media Through the Google Classroom Application in Introduction to Information Technology Courses
Authors: Rahman Zeinor , Suswanto Budyi
Published: December 2022

Good education can be realized by providing effective support in the teaching and learning process. One of the supports in the learning process is the use of models and media, including the Problem Based Learning model with E-learning media through the Classroom application. This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes of Class A semester 1 Uniba Madura and to find out how students respond after applying the Problem Based Learning model with E-learning media through the Classroom application. The method used in this research is Pre-Experimental Design type One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The analysis of learning outcomes obtained shows that the t-count value in class A semester 1 is 2.097 and class B semester 1 is 2.100 with a t table of 2.056. This shows that after applying the Probem Based Learning learning model with E-learning media using Classroom, learning outcomes have increased. While the N-Gain value obtained results of 0.6 and 0.5 which indicate moderate criteria. This means that students' understanding of mathematical concepts increases. In addition, the results of the analysis of student responses showed scores in the range of 60%-80%. This states that student responses show good satisfaction with the given model.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Space Pattern Changes in Buildings
Authors: Rahim Mustamin , Mustamin Muhammad Tayeb , Darmawijaya
Published: December 2022

A COVID-19-pandemic has been spreading since early 2020 throughout the world. It has a serious impact on all aspects of human life and has an influence on changes in the pattern of human activitiesin buildings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the changes of occupant behavior and space pattern in buildings through a literature study, online information from the COVID-19 response team,and government and non-governmental organizations. The study results show that activities in buildings are closely related to the risk of spreading the virus, so a design strategy that responds to a pandemic is needed to reduce the risk of infection. It is necessary to develop an air ventilation system that can inhibit virus transmission, changes in spatial and circulation patterns to reduce the risk of transmission, and the selection of building materials that can inhibit the transmission process. Therefore, the role of architects and building designers is very important in realizing buildings that are responsive to pandemics. The results of this study can serve as inspiration for sustainable building design and response to pandemics in the future.
Waste Management in Laluin Village, South Halmahera
Authors: Suhartini  , Harisun Endah , Conoras M. Amrin MS
Published: December 2022

Waste is an ecological problem today and will always increasing rapidly according to the needs of the community. The problem of waste in coastal areas occurs because of the limited land for the community who live in coastal areas, it supported by inadequate infrastructure facilities, especially waste disposal facilities. The condition that occurs in the coastal area of Laluin village is most people throw solid waste in the area around their homes, they hope the waste will be carried by the tidal currents of the seawater.The result is the accumulation of solid waste along the residential area of the fishing community of Laluin village. This study aims to provide direction for waste management so that the community can live in a healthy environment. The study method uses observation and literature review. The result shows the community who throws the waste to sea because no government regulation arranges waste management and low awareness of the community who care about the environment. Therefore, waste management is needed for coastal sustainability.
Developing and Evaluating the ARSy: Augmented Reality Solar System for Students Elementary School Learning
Authors: Kusumaningsih Ari , Agustisyani Dimas , Imamah  , Abdul Fatah Doni
Published: December 2022

The existence of smartphones has facilitated society in this era. Many schools are beginning to leave the outdated approach and adopt the new one. Individuals are forced to interact remotely and maintain their distance in crowded spaces due to the present pandemic, which makes it difficult for people to carry out activities and interact. Many educational materials are not delivered to pupils because teachers find it difficult to perform online learning. In the modern era, smartphones are outfitted with augmented reality technologies. Just by aiming the camera at the marker, users may see the learning material of 3D objects.Educational augmented reality (AR) technologies are an excellent approach to presenting and engaging students with any subject in the classroom. Textbooks and traditional teaching methods cannot compete with the advantages of this technology. We developed an augmented reality solar system application for elementary school thematic lessons and evaluated the application for elementary students. The application was tested using a user experience questionnaire, and the results showed a number above 2.00, indicating that it functioned very well and received positive feedback from respondents.
Hybrid Powerplant Using Solar and Wind Energy
Authors: Tri Widyaningrum Vivi , Sahru Romadhon Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Solar and wind energy sources can be used sustainably without worrying about running out. However, both energy sources have a weakness, namely in the rainy or cloudy season the energy produced is not large. So that an alternative is sought, namely by combining them which is usually called a hybrid system. The purpose of developing hybrid technology here is that if one energy source cannot produce energy, the other energy source will replace it as an energy supplier to the load. In the hybrid system, the utilization of solar energy uses a solar cell, while for the utilization of wind energy it uses a turbine generator.From the results of the study, it can be seen that the electrical energy produced by solar power plants is much greater than the electrical energy produced by wind power plants. In addition, solar power plants are still able to produce electrical energy, even though the solar cell is not exposed to sunlight. Meanwhile, in wind power plants, the electrical energy produced depends on the speed of the wind that blows. This means that for areas where the wind speed is unstable, it is better to use solar power plants compared to wind power plants.
Air flow analysis of 20 hp three phase induction motor
Authors: Bhosale Anuprita , Nandagopal Sathyanarayanan , Jebaseelan Davidson , Ramasami Siva Kumar , Natesan Chokkalingam Lenin
Published: December 2022

The present work deals with steady state air flow analysis of electric motor having 20 hp rating running at 1450 rpm. The motor is being used to run the belt pull system to drive the exhaust fan in the industry. Air flow analysis of electric motor is carried out to predict temperature distribution over the motor. The modeling of the complete motor is done in CATIA. Meshing of whole geometry is done in ICEM CFD14.5. Results are obtained using FLUENT. In this research only copper losses and iron losses are taken into consideration based on the output obtained from electrical simulation software. The copper and iron losses are found out from electromagnetic analysis using Motorsolve software. Losses are treated as heat source or input to find out temperature distribution. To improve the accuracy, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed by considering the air flow around casing and fins and thermal generation due to the losses. It is observed that there is a significant rise in temperature on casing and on fins for 30 °C ambient temperature.
Extreme Krankheitsfälle und ihre überraschende Besserung
Authors: von Rosen Jürgen Freiherr
Published: December 2022

In die naturheilkundliche Schlosspark-Klinik Gersfeld in der Rhön kommen auch viele Patienten, denen die Schulmedizin in behandlungsresistenten Fällen nicht mehr helfen kann. Oft möchten die Patienten schmerzfrei werden, ohne eine schwierige und riskante Operation über sich ergehen lassen zu müssen. Manche Schmerzen bestehen schon seit Jahren. Die naturheilkundliche Behandlung reicht von der praxiseigenen Störfeldtherapie mit homöopathischen Mitteln über intensive Fußreflexzonenmassage bis hin zur Testung auf Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten mittels des Bioresonanzverfahrens, die oft auch bei Krankheitsbildern, bei denen man keinen Zusammenhang vermutet, eine große Rolle spielen. In vielen Fällen können auch jahrelang bestehende Schmerzsyndrome mit kurzen und einfachen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten gebessert und oft sogar geheilt werden. Der Beitrag berichtet von den interessantesten Fällen aus der 40-jährigen Bestehungsgeschichte der Klinik.
Pure Autonomic Failure – eine seltene Ursache orthostatischer Intoleranz
Authors: Haubrich Christina , Klingenheben Thomas
Published: December 2022

Bei Patienten mit seltenen neurologischen Erkrankungen wie Pure Autonomic Failure oder Multisystematrophie können zunächst kardiovaskuläre Symptome wie orthostatische Kreislaufstörungen oder Herzfrequenzschwankungen mit symptomatischer Tachykardie auftreten. Neben diesen kardiovaskulären Symptomen bestehen typischerweise weitere Beschwerden und Funktionsstörungen des autonomen Nervensystems. Diese Patienten benötigen einen multimodalen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Ansatz und sollten in einer spezialisierten Ambulanz für das autonome Nervensystem (ANS) umfassend untersucht werden. Um die Patienten frühzeitig aufklären und unterstützen zu können, sollten sie im Idealfall kardiologisch und neurologisch behandelt werden. Der Beitrag stellt anhand eines klinischen Fallbeispiels Diagnostik und Therapie der seltenen Diagnose eines Patienten mit Pure Autonomic Failure in einer spezialisierten Sprechstunde für das autonome Nervensystem dar.
Die Vermessung der Neugeborenen
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: December 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

„Wann immer einen die Dinge erschreckten, sei es eine gute Idee, sie zu
messen“, wird der Hauslehrer der Gebrüder Alexander und
Wilhelm von Humboldt in dem vielbeachteten Roman „Die Vermessung der
Welt“ von Daniel Kehlmann zitiert. Der Vermessung der Neugeborenen, genauer
gesagt der Erfassung ihres intrauterinen Wachstums, sind die ersten beiden
Originalarbeiten dieser Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und
Neonatologie (ZGN) gewidmet. Für den 1. Beitrag wurden an einem
(retrospektiven) Kollektiv von knapp 13000 Low-risk-Schwangerschaften die fetalen
biometrischen Parameter zwischen der 15. und 42. Gestationswoche neu ausgewertet.
Auf diese Weise wurden aktualisierte Perzentilen für die
gegenwärtige mitteleuropäische Bevölkerung generiert, die
sich statistisch teils signifikant von den herkömmlichen Referenzkurven
unterscheiden und nunmehr für die pränatale Diagnostik
zusätzlich zur Verfügung stehen. In der 2. Arbeit ging es –
auf einer Datenbasis von mehreren Millionen (!) Einlingsschwangerschaften –
um die Normierung der kindlichen Geburtsgewichte auf die mütterlichen
Körpermaße, eingeteilt in 6 Körperhöhengruppen mit
jeweils 3 Gewichtsgruppen. Es ergab sich eine klare Abhängigkeit der
neonatalen Maße von der maternalen Statur, weshalb die individualisierten
Geburtsgewichtsperzentilen (IGGP) genutzt werden sollten, um Fehleinstufungen von
Neugeborenen als small bzw. large for gestational age (SGA bzw. LGA) zu vermeiden.
Beide Artikel belegen auch, dass die mitunter als unmodern betrachtete
„Auxologie“, die Lehre vom menschlichen Körperwachstum, noch
immer ihre Bedeutung hat – weniger wegen des „Erschreckens
über die Dinge“ (s. o.), wohl aber wegen der notwendigen
Aufmerksamkeit für den sich stetig wandelnden anthropometrischen
Referenzrahmen.
Ausbreitungsdynamik der Alpha- und Beta-Virusvarianten von
SARS-CoV-2 zum Beginn ihres Auftretens in der Stadt Köln im
Januar und Februar 2021
Authors: Weirich Anastasia , Wiesmueller Gerhard A. , Hurraß Julia , Kossow Annelene
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie Sich ständig verändernde
Virusvarianten des neuartigen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 stellen das
Gesundheitswesen vor große Herausforderungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit
soll die Analyse der größeren Ausbruchsgeschehen der Varianten
Alpha und Beta in Köln ein effektives und schnelles Reagieren auf neue
Virusvarianten und zukünftige Pandemien sowie das Ableiten
zielführender Maßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung
ermöglichen.

Methodik Im Beobachtungszeitraum vom 22. Januar bis 23. Februar 2021
wurden alle dem Gesundheitsamt Köln gemeldeten SARS-CoV-2 positiv
getesteten Personen sowie deren Kontaktpersonen individuellen telefonischen
Befragungen von Mitarbeitenden des Gesundheitsamtes unterzogen. Diese Daten
bildeten zum einen die Grundlage der epidemiologischen und deskriptiven
Gegenüberstellung der Alpha- und der Beta-Variante im Vergleich zum
zuvor vorherrschenden Wildtyp. Zum anderen waren sie auch Basis der grafischen
Aufarbeitung von Clustern, die durch die beiden Virusvarianten gebildet wurden,
in Form sogenannter Timelines. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden alle
Cluster mit ≥10 Individuen für den betrachteten Zeitraum
berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Von den im Beobachtungszeitraum in Köln 3780 positiv
auf SARS-CoV-2 getesteten Personen waren 818 Fälle auf die
Virusvarianten Alpha und Beta zurückzuführen. Dabei breitete
sich die Alpha- gegenüber der Beta-Variante trotz strenger
nicht-pharmazeutischer Eingriffe schnell aus. Im Rahmen der Clusteranalyse
wurden fünf größere Ausbruchsgeschehen im
Beobachtungszeitraum in Köln ermittelt. Zu den Alpha-Varianten-Clustern
gehörten zwei Kindertageseinrichtungen und ein Kloster, wohingegen zu
den Beta-Varianten-Clustern eine Gemeinschaftsunterkunft für
Geflüchtete und ein Alten- und Pflegeheim zählten. Mithilfe der
Clusteranalyse wurde die Kernrolle des häuslichen Settings für
die Ausbreitung der untersuchten Virusvarianten aufgezeigt. Zudem wurde ein
hoher Anteil an Fällen unbekannten Infektionsortes/-kontaktes
für den Wildtyp und die Alpha-Variante festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Clusteranalysen stellen ein äußerst
nützliches Instrument in der Ermittlung von
Infektionsorten/-kontakten und Übertragungswegen sowie der
Eruierung bestehender Schutzmaßnahmen und Hygienekonzepte dar. Da
entsprechende Cluster als ungünstigstes Ausbreitungsszenario zu
betrachten sind, liefern sie wichtige Erkenntnisse für Modifizierungen
im weiteren Handeln sowohl für diese als auch für
zukünftige Pandemien.
Die onkologische Versorgung von Brustkrebspatientinnen mit
vorbestehender Behinderung – Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie
über wahrgenommene Barrieren, kommunikative Schwierigkeiten und
Bedarfe
Authors: Klee Inna , Büscher Hannah , Groß-Kunkel Anke , Pfaff Holger , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne , Groß Sophie Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

Menschen mit Behinderung finden im Hinblick auf ihre individuellen
Bedürfnisse bislang wenig Berücksichtigung in der
Gesundheitsversorgung. Die Studie erhebt die Innenperspektive von
Brustkrebspatientinnen mit einer vorbestehenden Behinderung in Bezug auf Bedarfe
und Barrieren in der onkologischen Versorgung. Hierzu wurden qualitative,
leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt und mittels qualitativer
Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Eingeschlossen wurden 23 Patientinnen mit
körperlichen Behinderungen, chronischen körperlichen
Erkrankungen, Sinnesbehinderungen, psychischen Erkrankungen und/oder
geistiger Behinderung. In Abhängigkeit von der Art der Behinderung
standen für Patientinnen unterschiedliche Barrieren im Vordergrund. Um
die von Menschen mit Behinderung erlebten Barrieren in der Versorgung abzubauen,
ist es notwendig, die Kooperation von Versorgenden aus verschiedenen
Versorgungsbereichen zu fördern sowie Versorgende im Umgang mit Menschen
mit Behinderung zu schulen.
Seltene Erkrankungen am KfN
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: December 2022

Das Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen in München (KfN) behandelt vor allem chronisch kranke Patienten aus nahezu allen schulmedizinischen Fachdisziplinen und auch immer wieder Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen. Selbstverständlich brauchen diese Patienten einen betreuenden Facharzt, das KfN ergänzt die bestehende konventionelle Therapie jedoch um komplementärmedizinische Behandlungsansätze. Betroffene Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen können immer wieder stationär aufgenommen werden (z. B. 1 × jährlich). Während des stationären Aufenthalts wird der Patient auch geschult, sodass er in der Lage ist, einige Behandlungsbausteine im Anschluss in eigener Regie fortzuführen. Der Beitrag stellt 4 Patientenfälle mit seltenen Erkrankungen sowie die Behandlungsmethoden am KfN in München vor.
Convenient and Scalable Synthesis of Aryldichlorophosphines and Primary Arylphosphines via Perthiophosphonic Anhydrides
Authors: Kilian Petr , Picthall Daniel , Surgenor Brian A.
Published: December 2022

A scalable synthetic route to both primary arylphosphines ArPH2 and aryldichlorophosphines ArPCl2 is reported. The C–P bond formation was performed in a highly regiospecific manner through electrophilic substitution of selected aromatic hydrocarbons (ArH) with phosphorus pentasulfide. The resultant perthiophosphonic anhydrides Ar2P2S4 were then reacted with LiAlH4 to give primary phosphines ArPH2. Subsequent reaction of ArPH2 with phosgene solution gives dichlorophosphines ArPCl2. Each reaction step requires minimum purification and uses commercially available and economical precursors. The scope of the reaction was shown to include alkoxy and phenoxy substituted benzenes as well as naphthalene and fluorene as starting materials.
Mobile Technology in Medicine: Development and Validation of an Adapted System Usability Scale (SUS) Questionnaire and Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Evaluate User Experience and Acceptability of a Mobile Application in MRI Safety Screening
Authors: Cheah Wai-Hun , Mat Jusoh Norhasiza , Aung Myat Moe Thwe , Ab Ghani Azizah , Mohd Amin Rebuan Husbani
Published: December 2022

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safety screening is a crucial procedure for patient preparation before entering into MRI room. Many hospitals in Malaysia are still using the MRI safety checklist printed form. Besides, clinicians will not get a definite conclusion about whether the patient is contraindicated for MRI or not. Hence, we have created one mobile application named MagnetoSafe to overcome this issue. The application will provide an instant decision on whether the patient has no contraindication, relative contraindication, or absolute contraindicated for MRI. We need to check for acceptability and user experience for any newly created mobile application.

Objective This study was designed to check the validity of the adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and System Usability Scale (SUS) Questionnaire.

Method The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were investigated. Subsequently, 52 fully completed responses were collected.

Results Face and content validity of the questionnaires are considered acceptable with only minor changes to Item 10 of SUS. The Cronbach's alpha for the SUS questionnaire (10 questions) is −0.49, which is not acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha for TAM questionnaire (3 domains; 14 questions) is acceptable, which is 0.910 for perceived usefulness, 0.843 for perceived ease of use, and 0.915 for intention to use.

Conclusion Face validity of the adapted SUS and modified TAM questionnaires is acceptable with only minor changes to Item 10 in SUS. Content validity with experts is good. However, the reliability of the SUS questionnaire is not acceptable and therefore adapted SUS will not be used for assessing user experience. The reliability of the modified TAM questionnaire with the original three-factor structure is considered acceptable and can be used to evaluate the user's acceptability of MagnetoSafe.
Blood in the Brain on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Kumar Sunil , Singh Anuradha , Jain Shweta , Phadke Rajendra Vishnu
Published: December 2022

Intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage is not uncommon and results from a wide variety of causes ranging from trauma to tumor. Many a time, it is not possible to determine the exact cause of non-traumatic hemorrhage on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a high-resolution (3D) gradient-echo sequence. It is extremely sensitive to the inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field and highly useful in identifying the small amount of hemorrhage, which may be inapparent on other MR pulse sequences. In this review, we present different pattern of an intra-parenchymal brain hemorrhage on SWI with emphasis on differential diagnosis.
Calcific Discitis Seems to be a Common Incidental Finding in Adults
Authors: Gossner Johannes
Published: December 2022

Calcific discitis seems to be a rare cause of back pain in adults. Imaging shows a calcification of the nucleus pulposus with extension through the endplates on computed tomography. This can be accompanied by bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging. In a retrospective review of 150 patients, 4 cases of calcific discitis were found (2.8%). None of the patients reported about back pain. Therefore, it seems that symptomatic cases of calcific discitis are a rare occurrence in contrast to the quite frequent incidental finding of asymptomatic cases on imaging. Knowledge of the various imaging appearances of calcific discitis is necessary for radiologists, because especially in acute cases with substantial bone marrow edema, this benign entity may be confused with infectious spondylodiscitis or malignancy.
Opportunities for Increasing Access to Effective Contraception in Australia
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Botfield Jessica R.
Published: December 2022

Effective contraception can prevent unintended pregnancies, however there is an unmet need for effective contraception in Australia. Despite their being a range of contraceptive methods available, access to these remains equitable and uptake of the most effective methods is low. There is an opportunity to reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies in Australia by improving the uptake of effective contraception for those who desire this. Improving access will require increasing consumer health literacy about contraception, as well as the option of telehealth as a mode of service delivery, and stronger investment in contraceptive services through appropriate reimbursement for providers. There is also a need to test new models of care to increase access to and use of effective contraception in Australia, including nurse and midwifery-led models of contraceptive care and pharmacy involvement in contraceptive counseling.
Absence of Meckel's Cave with Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: AlHatmi Asma , Al-Qassabi Ahmed , Raniga Sameer Bhimjibhai , Al Ajmi Eiman
Published: December 2022

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a disabling painful condition along the course of the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve that most commonly occurs due to vascular compression or conflict at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. We report a 27-year-old female patient who presented with pain and an electric shock-like sensation on the right side of her face that started three years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was done and revealed no neurovascular conflict along the course of the trigeminal nerve. The absence of Meckel's cave with atrophy of the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve on the affected side was reported. The absence of Meckel's cave is an exceedingly rare cause of TN, and only a handful of reported cases in the literature suggest the association between them.
Transperineal Ultrasound as an Adjunctive Modality in the Evaluation of ‘H or N’ Type of Recto-urethral Fistula: Technical Note
Authors: Ravisandhiran Bharathi , Chandola Stuti , Bhalla Deeksha , Bajpai Minu , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Jana Manisha
Published: December 2022

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) encompass a complex spectrum of congenital anomalies and H/N type anorectal malformations are extremely rare. In the presence of colostomy, an augmented pressure colostogram with or without retrograde or micturating cystourethrogram is the investigation of choice. Transperineal ultrasound is an imaging technique that allows a fairly accurate morphological assessment of ARMs along with dynamic evaluation of the anorectal structures and pelvic floor anatomy. Here we describe the role of transperineal ultrasound as an adjunctive modality in diagnosis of one such complex anomaly.
Spiral scanning nano-profiler using normal vector tracing method
Authors: Miyawaki Takashi , Endo Katsuyoshi
Published: December 2022

Unlike interferometers that obtain data from the entire sample, three-dimensional (3D) measuring instruments acquire data from multiple points. A nano-profiler measures slopes at different points on the surface to determine the sample shape, while a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) utilizes contact or non-contact height displacement probes for taking measurements. Therefore, the 3D measurement time increases if the area to be measured is wide. This leads to a reduced measurement accuracy owing to environmental changes. To reduce the 3D measurement time, a nano-profiler that rotates measured objects at a constant velocity and quickly scans each measurement point by following a spiral trajectory was designed. The developed nano-profiler measures angular distribution instead of height distribution. This makes it possible to reduce the drive error during rotation. Compared to an interferometer, the measurement time was reduced from 163 to 17 min with the nano-profiler and a 10 nm peak-to-valley difference was achieved. The slope measurement with spiral scanning was confirmed to be a quick and accurate shape measurement technique that can be used while manufacturing high-precision optical components.
A truncated Davidson method for the efficient “chemically accurate” calculation of full configuration interaction wavefunctions without any large matrix diagonalization
Authors: Cotton Stephen J.
Published: December 2022

This work develops and illustrates a new method of calculating “chemically accurate” electronic wavefunctions (and energies) via a truncated full configuration interaction (CI) procedure, which arguably circumvents the large matrix diagonalization that is the core problem of full CI and is also central to modern selective CI approaches. This is accomplished simply by following the standard/ubiquitous Davidson method in its “direct” form—wherein, in each iteration, the electronic Hamiltonian operator is applied directly in second quantization to the Ritz vector/wavefunction from the prior iteration—except that (in this work) only a small portion of the resultant expansion vector is actually even computed (through the application of only a similarly small portion of the Hamiltonian). Specifically, at each iteration of this truncated Davidson approach, the new expansion vector is taken to be twice as large as that from the prior iteration. In this manner, a small set of highly truncated expansion vectors (say 10–30) of increasing precision is incrementally constructed, forming a small subspace within which diagonalization of the Hamiltonian yields clear, consistent, and monotonically variational convergence to the approximate full CI limit. The good efficiency in which convergence to the level of chemical accuracy (1.6 mhartree) is achieved suggests, at least for the demonstrated problem sizes—Hilbert spaces of 1018 and wavefunctions of 108 determinants—that this truncated Davidson methodology can serve as a replacement of standard CI and complete-active space approaches in circumstances where only a few chemically significant digits of accuracy are required and/or meaningful in view of ever-present basis set limitations.
Effect of the electronic pressure on the energy and magnetic moment of charged test particles in turbulent electromagnetic fields
Authors: Balzarini B. , Pugliese F. , Dmitruk P.
Published: December 2022

In this work, we perform direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics with a background magnetic field, representing solar wind plasma, and introduce test particles to explore how a turbulent electromagnetic environment affects them. Our focus is on the terms of the electric field present in the generalized Ohm's law that is usually dismissed as unimportant. These are the Hall and the electronic pressure (EP) terms, but we concentrate primarily on the latter. We discover that the EP term generates an acceleration of the particles, which represent protons, in the direction parallel to the background magnetic field, in contrast to the known preferential perpendicular energization. By studying the electric field itself, we are able to detect the type of structures of the EP field that produce such parallel acceleration. These are thin and elongated structures placed on top of a monotonic and near-zero background. A statistical study to understand the real significance of the electronic pressure term is also performed.
Multiscale equilibration of highly entangled isotropic model polymer melts
Authors: Svaneborg Carsten , Everaers Ralf
Published: December 2022

We present a computationally efficient multiscale method for preparing equilibrated, isotropic long-chain model polymer melts. As an application, we generate Kremer–Grest melts of 1000 chains with 200 entanglements and 25 000–2000 beads/chain, which cover the experimentally relevant bending rigidities up to and beyond the limit of the isotropic–nematic transition. In the first step, we employ Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model to equilibrate the large-scale chain structure above the tube scale while ensuring a spatially homogeneous density distribution. We then use theoretical insight from a constrained mode tube model to introduce the bead degrees of freedom together with random walk conformational statistics all the way down to the Kuhn scale of the chains. This is followed by a sequence of simulations with carefully parameterized force-capped bead–spring models, which slowly introduce the local bead packing while reproducing the larger-scale chain statistics of the target Kremer–Grest system at all levels of force-capping. Finally, we can switch to the full Kremer–Grest model without perturbing the structure. The resulting chain statistics is in excellent agreement with literature results on all length scales accessible in brute-force simulations of shorter chains.