bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voice Disorder Prevalence and Vocal Health Characteristics in Adolescents
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Voice disorders impede communication and detract from quality of life, yet little is known about how voice problems present in adolescents. This study characterized the prevalence of voice problems and vocal health characteristics of adolescents throughout the US.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of adolescent voice problems in the US as well as the symptoms, voice use patterns, and risk factors associated with these problems.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospectively performed, cross-sectional survey study conducted from March to June 2023 included a probability sample of adolescents (aged 13-17 years) who were located across the US.

Main Outcome and Measures

Adolescents were surveyed concerning voice use, voice symptoms, demographic information, and substance use patterns. The Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) was also completed. Fisher exact tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression were used to compare those with and without reported voice problems.

Results

Five-hundred and two adolescents participated (51.6% participation rate), including 248 female (49.4%), 7 nonbinary (1.3%), 254 male (50.6%), 4 transfemale (0.7%), and 3 transmale individuals (0.5%) (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.3] years). The lifetime prevalence of voice problems was 24.3%, and current prevalence was 7.4%. Voice-related diagnoses included dysphonia associated with acute illness, vocal hyperfunction, benign lesions, and muscle tension. The mean (SD) VFI score was 4.7 (8.09) for part 1, 1.6 (3.2) for part 2, and 2.1 (3.2) for part 3. Adolescents with voice complaints presented with significantly higher VFI scores than those without voice problems (Cohen d for part 1 = 0.78, part 2 = 0.59, and part 3 = 0.79). Voice problems interfered with daily tasks, prevented participation in extracurricular activities, limited the ability to sing, and were associated with school absences. Voice use patterns associated with voice problems included frequent loud voice use, coughing, and/or throat clearing. Risk factors for increased voice problem prevalence included part-time employment in childcare (odds ratio [OR], 6.4; 95% CI, 1.6-26.3), singing (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1), performance-related extracurricular activities (ie, musical theater [OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6 ], karaoke [OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.3-6.9]), vaping (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), and/or secondhand smoke exposure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7). Adolescents identifying as transgender were more than 4 times (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 0.63-31.2) as likely to report voice problems compared with cisgender adolescents.

Conclusions

The results of this survey study illuminate the nature of voice problems in adolescents and may guide clinicians in preventing and treating voice disorders in this population. Future work may define the mechanisms through which these factors are associated with the risk for voice disorders in adolescents and determine whether observed relationships are causal or associative.
Healthcare workers' memories in the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of visual perspective and event centrality in subjective temporal distance
Authors: Bilgin Ezgi , Öner Sezin
Published: July 2024

We investigated the factors associated with subjective temporal distance of pandemic‐related events in a sample of healthcare workers. A total of 257 healthcare workers were asked to recall two COVID‐19 pandemic‐related events that impacted them the most at the beginning of the pandemic (April–May 2020), and rated event centrality, phenomenological characteristics, subjective temporal distance, and visual perspective (field vs. observer) for each reported event. Results showed a negative relationship between subjective temporal distance and event centrality only for memories remembered from the field perspective (field memories), but not those remembered from the observer perspective (observer memories). Furthermore, event centrality enhanced recollection of sensory and perceptual details, which, in turn, resulted in memories being felt temporally closer to people. However, only field memories, not observer memories, revealed this pattern, showing that recollective experience shaped by visual perspective mediates the relationship between event centrality and subjective temporal distance.
Xylazine continues its spread: Millennium drug test report
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

The Millennium Health “Signals Alert” online news report announced last week that xylazine use is spreading to the West Coast. This is not deliberate, intentional use, as xylazine is known to cause horrific skin wounds that sometimes result in amputation. Rather, drug users are learning that the illicit fentanyl supply is increasingly contaminated with xylazine. At the same time, xylazine is increasing in New England; rates of use in the Eastern U.S. are now double the national rate of 15.6%, according to Millennium, a drug‐testing laboratory.
CDC: Parents think the kids are alright, but they aren't
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

The link between emotional problems and substance use is clear; many people use substances to assuage anxiety or depression, and when these substances are not prescribed, adolescents can get into serious trouble. Yet, many parents are unaware of their teens' suffering.
Polaritons in Photonic Hypercrystals of van der Waals Materials
Authors: Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Kumar Brijesh , Prasath S.S. Jatin , Dixit Saurabh , Kumar Rohit , Bapat Aneesh , Sharma Parul , Caldwell Joshua D. , Kumar Anshuman
Published: July 2024

In‐plane Hyperbolic Phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are quasiparticles formed via coupling of photons and optical phonons in in‐plane hyperbolic materials and offer unique applications in sensing, thermal emitters and high‐resolution imaging. However, the large momentum mismatch between photons and these in‐plane HPhPs has restricted their technological potential as most experimental demonstrations rely on sophisticated and expensive near‐field detection schemes. In this work, using the example of α‐MoO3, it is demonstrated that by constructing photonic hypercrystals of this material, one can not only excite these in‐plane HPhPs in the far field but also tune the far field response via twisting the hypercrystal lattice with respect the lattice of α‐MoO3. The findings will pave the way for the development of practical in‐plane HPhP devices as well as provide access to new fundamental physics of such materials via conventional and well developed far‐field measurement techniques.
Engineering Metal Electron Spin Polarization to Regulate p‐Band Center of Se for Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Dandan , Chao Yunfeng , Guo Kaiyang , Wang Zhuosen , Yang Mingxing , Zhu Jianhua , Cui Xinwei , Xu Qun
Published: July 2024

Sluggish ion diffusion of large sodium ions is one of the main drawbacks challenging the development of metal selenides‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). A spin‐state regulating strategy is first proposed in this work to lift the p‐band center (ɛp) of Se for a fast Na+ transfer kinetic in (Co,Cu)Se2. By utilizing the electron transfer from Cu to Co, the π‐symmetry t2g of Co is fully occupied to decrease the spin polarization. The resultant electron repulsion between Co and Se weakens Co–Se bond to lift the ɛp of Se. The enhanced sodium adsorption energy effectively accelerates the ion transfer at the active material–electrolyte interface. As a result, the (Co,Cu)Se2/NC electrode exhibits an superior sodium storage performance with a capacity of 445 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, 312 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1, and 363 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 10.0 A g−1. The insight into the working mechanism of regulating spin‐state of metals to lift the p‐band center of Se can provide guidelines for the development of both metal selenides‐based anode material and high‐performance SIBs.
Sensory Nervous System‐Inspired Self‐Classifying, Decoupled, Multifunctional Sensor with Resistive‐Capacitive Operation Using Silver Nanomaterials
Authors: Yang Yoonji , Jung Byung Ku , Park Taesung , Ahn Junhyuk , Choi Young Kyun , Oh Seongkeun , Lee Yong Min , Choi Hyung Jin , Seo Hanseok , Oh Soong Ju
Published: July 2024

Self‐classification technology has remarkable potential for autonomously discerning various stimuli without any circuit or software assistance, enabling it to realize electronic skin. In conventional self‐classification systems that rely on complex circuitry for operation, integrating the sensing and algorithm processing units inevitably leads to bulkiness in devices and bottlenecks in signal processing. In this study, the novel double‐sided structure inspired by the human nervous system is newly designed for a self‐classifying sensor (SCS) without the need for additional circuits. The sensor is layered with Ag nanocomposites that have been mechanically enhanced via interface engineering and surface treatment techniques. This structure enables the resistance‐capacitance hybrid operation, facilitating the detection and distinguishment of changes in strain, pressure, and temperature within a single device, which mimics the human sensing recognition process. Moreover, the intensity of the applied stimuli is determined by analyzing the detected signal, and precise localization of the stimuli is achieved by arraying the sensors. With its self‐classification capabilities, SCS opens promising avenues for applications in soft robotics and advanced multifunctional sensor platforms, providing a sensing system characterized by simplicity and efficiency.
Anchoring Solvent Molecules onto Polymer Chains Through Dynamic Interactions for a Wide Temperature Range Adaptable and Ultra‐Fast Responsive Adhesive Organogels
Authors: Zheng Xiuwen , Zhou Xiangfu , Yang Yaolong , Xiong Wenjie , Ye Shuling , Xu Yiting , Zeng Birong , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong
Published: July 2024

Organogels are less explored toward on‐sink flexible and stretchable electronics compared to hydrogels, due to the challenges in simultaneously achieving biocompability, satisfactory mechanical properties, environmental‐adaptive adhesion capability, and fast stimuli‐response. Herein, it is shown that a boronate ester polymer organogel with dynamic covalent and hydrogen bonds formed between the polymer networks and organic solvents meets all the above requirements. This is achieved through the gelation of a polymer bearing with boronic acid, imidazolium salt, and amide groups (named QBAM) in ethylene glycol (EG). The strong interactions between the polymer chains and the EG not only improve the toughness of QBAMs, but also inhibit the volatilization of EG, leading to a wide temperature (−10 to 190 °C) adaptability. Due to the abundant hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction, QBAM organogels are highly adhesive to a variety of substrates. The presence of imidazolium salt endows QBAM organogels with promising ionic conductivity. Strain sensors fabricated with QBAM organogels fit well on human skin and exhibit the advantages of high strain sensitivity (GF = 9.049), fast response (≈60.4 ms), good cyclic stability, and broaden temperature adaptability. This work opens up a new avenue for the design of multifunctional and biocompatible organogels for on‐skin devices.
New Understanding toward Lithium Morphologic Evolution in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Chun , Wu Xuyang , Yuan Wei , Zhang Xiaoqing , Jiang Simin , Zhao Bote , Chen Yu , Zhang Guanhua , Zeng Yubin , Liu Qing , Gu Furui , Tang Yong , Xie Yingxi
Published: July 2024

The generation of dendrites is a common issue of lithium metal battery, while the failure mechanism is still uncovered especially at low current densities/capacities. To better understand the mechanical factors caused by lithium morphologic evolution in the whole dynamic process of a cycle, this study proposes a failure mechanism of the lithium metal anode under a safe condition of rather low current density/capacity. The anode and the electrolyte fail to maintain effective contact throughout the dynamic cycling process due to the accumulation and extrusion of lithium deposits. To guarantee effective contact, a facile and low‐cost mechanical stamping method for lithium metal anode modification is accordingly presented. The curved lithium electrode can stably cycle for more than 300 cycles at 3 mA cm−2. This study is believed to provide a more in‐depth understanding toward the evolvement of lithium morphology to boost practical use of the lithium metal anodes.
Achieving High Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Voltage Boosting Strategy
Authors: Wang Qianwang , Hu Dongyang , Huang Xiaolong , Yuan Zitang , Zhong Lipeng , Sun Qiuqin , Wang Feng , Xu Sixing , Chen She
Published: July 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received significant attention as an energy harvesting technology capable of converting mechanical energy from the environment into electrical power. However, due to its inherent high impedance and low charge transfer output characteristics, the output of TENG is often relatively small. Current research typically focuses on switching on and off under intrinsic voltage for performance management. To further improve output performance, an energy management strategy is proposed that aimed at voltage boosting in this study. This strategy ingeniously designs the discharge sequence of two discharge switches to adjust the connection between the intrinsic capacitor and the matched capacitor, thereby facilitating instantaneous charge transfer under voltages surpassing the intrinsic voltage and significantly enhancing the power density. Combining this strategy with a power converter has significantly enhanced the energy storage efficiency of capacitors, thereby enabling improved power supply for sensor devices. Moreover, experimental results show a power density of 324.8 kW m−2, indicating a 100% increase compared to the direct discharge strategy. With such high output power, five parallel 10‐watt commercial lamps can be illuminated. This strategy introduces a novel idea for achieving high performance output from TENG.
Sustainable Spinning of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers with Excellent Toughness and Inherent Potential for Functionalization
Authors: Fan Ruxia , Knuuttila Katarina , Schmuck Benjamin , Greco Gabriele , Rising Anna , Linder Markus B. , Aranko A. Sesilja
Published: July 2024

Despite impressive progress in the field, there are still several major bottlenecks in producing fibers from recombinantly produced spider‐silk‐like proteins to replicate the extraordinary mechanical properties of spider major ampullate silk. The conventional artificial fiber spinning processes rely primarily on organic solvents to coagulate proteins into fibers and require complex post‐treatments to obtain fibers with valuable properties. This is due to challenges in obtaining soluble silk proteins, but also because the native silk spinning process leading to the hierarchical organization of the silk proteins is not fully understood and is hard to replicate in a manner applicable to industrial settings. Here, recombinant spider‐silk fusion proteins are efficiently produced and processed into as‐spun fibers with a toughness modulus of 120 MJ m−3 and extensibility of 255% using solely aqueous solutions. The spider‐silk fusion proteins assemble in a manner similar to that reported for native spider silk: they phase separate induced by salting out, followed by alignment and a secondary structure transition triggered by shear forces and dehydration. Finally, the design of the fusion silk proteins enables straightforward functionalization of the fibers under mild all‐aqueous conditions via a simple biomolecular click reaction both pre‐ and post‐spinning.
Liquid‐Like Surfaces with Enhanced De‐Wettability and Durability: From Structural Designs to Potential Applications
Authors: Cheng Xiaopeng , Zhao Ran , Wang Shutao , Meng Jingxin
Published: July 2024

Liquid‐like surfaces (LLSs) with dynamic repellency toward various pollutants (e.g., bacteria, oil, and ice), have shown enormous potential in the fields of biology, environment, and energy. However, most of the reported LLSs cannot meet the demands for practical applications, particularly in terms of de‐wettability and durability. To solve these problems, considerable progress has been made in enhancing the de‐wettability and durability of LLSs in complex environments. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the recent progress in LLSs, encompassing designed structures and repellent capabilities, as well as their diverse applications, offering greater insights for the targeted design of desired LLSs. First, a detailed overview of the development of LLSs from the perspective of their molecular structural evolution is provided. Then highlight recent approaches for enhancing the dynamic de‐wettability and durability of LLSs by optimizing their structural designs, including linear, looped, crosslinked, and hybrid structures. Later, the diverse applications and unique advantages of recently developed LLSs, including repellency (e.g., liquid anti‐adhesion/transportation/condensation, anti‐icing/scaling/waxing, and biofouling repellency) are summarized. Finally, Perspectives on potential innovative advancements and the promotion of technology selection to advance this exciting field are offered.
An Integrated Optogenetic and Bioelectronic Platform for Regulating Cardiomyocyte Function
Authors: Bolonduro Olurotimi A. , Chen Zijing , Fucetola Corey P. , Lai Yan‐Ru , Cote Megan , Kajola Rofiat O. , Rao Akshita A. , Liu Haitao , Tzanakakis Emmanuel S. , Timko Brian P.
Published: July 2024

Bioelectronic medicine is emerging as a powerful approach for restoring lost endogenous functions and addressing life‐altering maladies such as cardiac disorders. Systems that incorporate both modulation of cellular function and recording capabilities can enhance the utility of these approaches and their customization to the needs of each patient. Here we report an integrated optogenetic and bioelectronic platform for stable and long‐term stimulation and monitoring of cardiomyocyte function in vitro. Optical inputs are achieved through the expression of a photoactivatable adenylyl cyclase, that when irradiated with blue light causes a dose‐dependent and time‐limited increase in the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate with subsequent rise in autonomous cardiomyocyte beating rate. Bioelectronic readouts are obtained through a multi‐electrode array that measures real‐time electrophysiological responses at 32 spatially‐distinct locations. Irradiation at 27 µW mm−2 results in a 14% elevation of the beating rate within 20–25 min, which remains stable for at least 2 h. The beating rate can be cycled through “on” and “off” light states, and its magnitude is a monotonic function of irradiation intensity. The integrated platform can be extended to stretchable and flexible substrates, and can open new avenues in bioelectronic medicine, including closed‐loop systems for cardiac regulation and intervention, for example, in the context of arrythmias.
SHISA3 Reprograms Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Toward an Antitumoral Phenotype and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Shimeng , Yu Bingbing , Sheng Chunjie , Yao Chen , Liu Yang , Wang Jing , Zeng Qi , Mao Yizhi , Bei Jinxin , Zhu Bin , Chen Shuai
Published: July 2024

The main challenge for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy lies in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Repolarizing M2‐like tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) into inflammatory M1 phenotype is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Here, this study shows that the tumor suppressive protein SHISA3 regulates the antitumor functions of TAMs. Local delivery of mRNA encoding Shisa3 enables cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming TAMs toward an antitumoral phenotype, thus enhancing the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) antibody. Enforced expression of Shisa3 in TAMs increases their phagocytosis and antigen presentation abilities and promotes CD8+ T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity. The expression of SHISA3 is induced by damage/pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) in macrophages via nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcription factors. Reciprocally, SHISA3 forms a complex with heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) to activate NF‐κB signaling thus maintaining M1 polarization of macrophages. Knockout Shisa3 largely abolishes the antitumor efficacy of combination immunotherapy with Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and PD‐1 antibody. It further found that higher expression of SHISA3 in antitumoral TAMs is associated with better overall survival in lung cancer patients. Taken together, the findings describe the role of SHISA3 in reprogramming TAMs that ameliorate cancer immunotherapy.
Lichtinduzierter Elektronentransfer in einer [NiFe]‐Hydrogenase: Eine Photochemische Abkürzung für die Katalytische Wasserstoffspaltung
Authors: Karafoulidi‐Retsou Chara , Lorent Christian , Katz Sagie , Rippers Yvonne , Matsuura Hiroaki , Higuchi Yoshiki , Zebger Ingo , Horch Marius
Published: July 2024

[NiFe]‐Hydrogenasen katalysieren die reversible Spaltung von molekularem Wasserstoff in Protonen und Elektronen. Hier untersuchen wir mittels IR‐ und EPR‐Spektroskopie den Einfluß von Temperatur und Licht auf eine sauerstofftolerante und thermostabile [NiFe]‐Hydrogenase. Dabei haben wir festgestellt, dass sich das Gleichgewicht zwischen zwei katalytischen [NiFe]‐Zuständen, Nia‐C und Nia‐SR′′, als Funktion der Temperatur drastisch ändert. Dies deutet auf einen thermischen Austausch von Elektronen zwischen dem aktiven [NiFe]‐Zentrum und den Eisen‐Schwefel‐Clustern des Enzyms hin. Darüber hinaus zeigten in situ IR‐ und EPR‐Experimente während eines Belichtungsexperiments eine ungewöhnliche photochemische Reaktion des Enzyms. Das vollständig reduzierte katalytische Hydrid‐Intermediat Nia‐SR′′ wandelt sich lichtinduziert reversibel in den katalytischen Nia‐L Zustand um. Im Gegensatz zur bekannten Photolyse des stärker oxidierten Hydrid‐Intermediates Nia‐C handelt es sich bei der Photokonversion von Nia‐SR′′ zu Nia‐L um eine Redoxreaktion am aktiven Zentrum, die einen lichtinduzierten Elektronentransfer zu den Eisen‐Schwefel‐Clustern des Enzyms beinhaltet. Durch das Auslassen des Nia‐C Intermediates stellt dieser direkte Reaktionsweg eine potenzielle photochemisch induzierte Abkürzung des katalytischen Zyklus dar, in die mehrere Redoxzentren des Enzyms involviert sind. Insgesamt deuten unsere Ergebnisse auf eine Umverteilung von Elektronen über thermische und photochemische Reaktionskanäle in diesem Enzym hin und zeigen die Möglichkeit auf, die Katalyse von [NiFe]‐Hydrogenasen durch Licht zu beschleunigen oder zu kontrollieren.
Customizing Aniline‐Derived Molecular Structures to Attain beyond 22 % Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Shiang , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhiteng , Feng Xiaolong , Du Yachao , Zhou Tianxiang , Chen Xin , Liu Pengchi , Liu Lei , Zhang Junqi , Chen Qiyong , Xi Lili , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Tian Qingwen
Published: July 2024

The characteristics of the soft component and the ionic‐electronic nature in all‐inorganic CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite typically lead to a significant number of halide vacancy defects and ions migration, resulting in a reduction in both photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Herein, we present a tailored approach in which both anion‐fixation and undercoordinated‐Pb passivation are achieved in situ during crystallization by employing a molecule derived from aniline, specifically 2‐methoxy‐5‐trifluoromethylaniline (MFA), to address the above challenges. The incorporation of MFA into the perovskite film results in a pronounced inhibition of ion migration, a significant reduction in trap density, an enhancement in grain size, an extension of charge carrier lifetime, and a more favorable alignment of energy levels. These advantageous characteristics contribute to achieving a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.14 % for the MFA‐based CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite solar cells (PSCs), representing the highest efficiency reported thus far for this type of inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the resultant PSCs exhibits higher environmental stability and photostability. This strategy is anticipated to offer significant advantages for large‐area fabrication, particularly in terms of simplicity.
Room‐Temperature Ripening Enabled by Hygroscopic Salts for Hole‐conductor‐Free Printable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 20 %
Authors: Zheng Ziwei , Chen Long , Li Daiyu , Ma Yongming , Xia Minghao , Cheng Yanjie , Wang Chaoyang , Xie Jiayu , Wang Xiaoru , Zhang Guodong , Zhou Yang , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: July 2024

Solution‐processed perovskite films generally possess small grain sizes and high density of grain boundaries, which intensify non‐radiative recombination of carriers and limit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. In this study, we report the room‐temperature ripening enabled by the synergy of hygroscopic salts and moisture in air for efficient hole‐conductor‐free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs). Treating perovskite films with proper hygroscopic salts in damp air induces obvious secondary recrystallization, which coarsens the grains size from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. It's proposed that the hygroscopic salt at grain boundaries could absorb moisture and form a complex which could not only serve as mass transfer channel but also assist in the dissolution of perovskite grains. This activates mass transfer between small grains and large grains since they possess different solubilities, and thus ripens the perovskite film. Consequently, p‐MPSCs treated with the hygroscopic salt of NH4SCN show an improved power conversion efficiency of 20.13 % from 17.94 %, and maintain >98 % of the initial efficiency under maximum power point tracking at 55±5 °C for 350 hours.
A Macrocyclic Hybrid PET/MRI Probe for Quantitative Perfusion Imaging In Vivo
Authors: Kretschmer Jan , Chiaffarelli Remy , Vuozzo Marta , Cotton Jonathan , Blahut Jan , Ráliš Jan , Dračínský Martin , Matějková Stanislava , Seeling Ulrike , Schmid Andreas M. , Martins André F. , Polasek Miloslav
Published: July 2024

Perfusion dynamics play a vital role in delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to tissues while removing metabolic waste products. Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) use contrast agents to visualize perfusion and clearance patterns; however, each technique has specific limitations. Hybrid PET/MRI combines the quantitative power and sensitivity of PET with the high functional and anatomical detail of MRI and holds great promise for precision in molecular imaging. However, the development of dual PET/MRI probes has been hampered by challenging synthesis and radiolabeling. Here, we present a novel PET/MRI probe, [18F][Gd(FL1)], which exhibits excellent stability comparable to macrocyclic MRI contrast agents used in clinical practice. The unique molecular design of [18F][Gd(FL1)] allows selective and expeditious radiolabeling of the gadolinium chelate in the final synthetic step. Leveraging the strengths of MRI and PET signals, the probe enables quantitative in vivo mapping of perfusion and excretion dynamics through an innovative voxel‐based analysis. The diagnostic capabilities of [18F][Gd(FL1)] were demonstrated in a pilot study on healthy mice, successfully detecting early cases of unilateral renal dysfunction, a condition that is typically challenging to diagnose. This study introduces a new approach for PET/MRI and emphasizes a streamlined probe design for practical synthesis and improved diagnostic accuracy.
The relationships of personality organization, mental illness attitudes and perspectives toward psychotherapy: The mediating role of emotional self‐disclosure
Authors: Rahimian Bougar Mojtaba , Khavasi Sara , Khodarahimi Siamak , Mazraeh Nasrollah , Merati Alireza , Hesam Maeda , Alavi Pantea Sadat
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the relationships between personality organization, Mental Illness Attitude (MIA), and Perspectives Toward Psychotherapy (PTP) with regard to the mediating role of Emotional Self‐Disclosure (ESD) by utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). A sample of 266 outpatients with mental health disorders was selected using a purposive sampling method. Data collection involved the use of the Inventory of Personality Organization, The Illness Attitudes Scale, Emotional Self‐Disclosure Scale, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help‐The10‐item (ATSPPH‐SF). The results revealed that personality organization, MIA, and ESD have significant associations with PTP. Also, MIA has a positive indirect relationship with PTP through ESD as a mediator, while personality organization negatively correlated to PTP through ESD. Personality organization, MIA, and ESD collectively accounted for 72.8% of the variance in PTP. Findings demonstrated an adequately fitting model about the direct and indirect associations of personality organization and MIA with PTP about the mediating role of ESD. This model has implications for psychotherapeutic and community‐based initiatives in individuals with mental health disorders.
CD4+CD8αlow T Cell Clonal Expansion Dependent on Costimulation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Beck Felix , Nguyen Phuong , Hoffmann Anne , Loyal Lucie , Thiel Andreas , Melzer Marc , Apel Hannah , Pierer Matthias , Krasselt Marco , Seifert Olga , Glimm Anne‐Marie , Hagemann Tobias , Rothe Kathrin , Wagner Ulf
Published: July 2024

Objective

CD4+CD8+ T cells are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are not only associated with joint erosions in established disease but are also present in the preclinical stages of RA. This study aims to further investigate their expansion in the context of T cell clonality in patients with RA, as well as their responsiveness to T cell–targeted treatment.

Methods

Single‐cell RNA (scRNA) and single‐cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing data were used to determine coreceptor expression and TCR sequences to assess the clonality of CD4+CD8+ T cells in patients with RA (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 2). Peripheral CD4+CD8+ T cells and their subpopulations were measured in patients with RA (n = 53), patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n = 52), and healthy donors (n = 50) using flow cytometry. In addition, changes in CD4+CD8+ T cell frequency were prospectively observed in patients with RA receiving therapy with abatacept for 12 weeks.

Results

We observed an increase of CD4+ T cells expressing CD8α in patients with RA, both in comparison to patients with PsA and healthy controls. Clonality analysis revealed that these CD4+CD8αlow T cells are part of large T cell clones, which cluster separately from CD4+CD8− T cell clones in the scRNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) gene expression analysis. Treatment with abatacept significantly reduced the frequency of peripheral CD4+CD8αlow T cells, and this was linked to reduction in disease activity.

Conclusion

In patients with RA, clonal expansion of CD4+ T cell culminates in the emergence of peripheral CD4+CD8αlow T cells, which are associated with disease activity and diminished upon abatacept treatment and could contribute to disease pathogenesis.

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Moderate altitude as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations. Results from a case–control multicenter–multiregional study
Authors: Ibarra‐Ibarra Blanca Rebeca , Luna‐Muñoz Leonora , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín
Published: July 2024

Background

Living in high‐altitude regions has been associated with a higher prevalence of some birth defects. Moderate altitudes (1500–2500 m) have been associated with some congenital heart diseases and low birth weight. However, no studies have been conducted for other isolated congenital malformations.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence at birth of isolated congenital malformations in low and moderate altitudes and to determine if moderate altitudes are a risk factor, such as high altitudes, for isolated congenital malformations adjusted for other factors.

Methods

The study consisted of a case–control multicenter‐multiregional study of 13 isolated congenital malformations. Cases included live births with isolated congenital malformations and controls at low (10–1433 m) and moderate altitudes (1511–2426 m) from a Mexican registry from January 1978 to December 2019. Prevalence per 10,000 (95% CI) per altitude group was estimated. We performed unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models (adjusted for maternal age, parity, malformed relatives, socioeconomic level, and maternal diabetes) for each isolated congenital malformation.

Results

Hydrocephaly and microtia had a higher at‐birth prevalence, and spina bifida, preauricular tag, and gastroschisis showed a lower at‐birth prevalence in moderate altitudes. Moderate altitudes were a risk factor for hydrocephaly (aOR 1.39), microtia (aOR 1.60), cleft‐lip‐palate (aOR 1.27), and polydactyly (aOR 1.32) and a protective effect for spina bifida (aOR 0.87) compared with low altitudes.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence that moderate altitudes as higher altitudes are an associated risk or protective factor to some isolated congenital malformations, suggesting a possible gradient effect.
Childhood B cell leukemia: Intercepting the paths to progression
Authors: Cobaleda Cesar , Vicente‐Dueñas Carolina , Nichols Kim E. , Sanchez‐Garcia Isidro
Published: July 2024

B‐cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B‐ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, arising most often in children aged 2–5 years. This distinctive age distribution hints at an association between B‐ALL development and disrupted immune system function during a susceptible period during childhood, possibly triggered by early exposure to infection. While cure rates for childhood B‐ALL surpass 90% in high‐income nations, survivors suffer from diminished quality of life due to the side effects of treatment. Consequently, understanding the origins and evolution of B‐ALL, and how to prevent this prevalent childhood cancer, is paramount to alleviate this substantial health burden. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of the etiology of childhood B‐ALL and explores how this knowledge can inform preventive strategies.
Assessment of luminescent copper nanomaterials as anti‐germs, anti‐proliferation efficiencies using green nano‐strategy
Authors: Elavarasan Vidhya , Vijayakumar Subramaniyan , Aldawood Saad , Thangaswamy Selvankumar , Prathipkumar Subramaniyan
Published: July 2024

For the first time, we suggest using leaf extract from Ocimum americanum as the economically viable bio‐fabrication of copper nanomaterials. The residuals of leaf extract bio‐capping provide the stability of the nanomaterials in‐situ. UV–Vis and XRD confirmed the formation, with the UV–Vis spectrum of Cu‐NMs revealing a surface plasmon resonance characteristic peak at 350 nm. FT‐IR analysis was employed to examine the functional groups. FE‐SEM with EDX was used to assess the morphology and carry out an elemental analysis of the nanomaterials. Diffusion and MTT assays were used to study the antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The synthesized copper nanomaterials exhibited in‐vitro cytotoxicity against human skin cancer (A431) cell lines. Green nanomaterial was examined against the methylene blue dye, photodegradation was reduced by up to 90.6% within 50 minutes. The copper nanomaterials synthesized in our study exhibit promising applications in biomedicine and environmental pollution research.
Preparation of liquid silicon‐based carbon dots and application for luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Lu Tianshun , Xu Shuhong , Gao Lianping
Published: July 2024

Liquid silicon‐based carbon dots (CDs) with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 50% were prepared using N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (DAMO), citric acid, and n‐butylamine as raw materials. Firstly, the optimized characters have been determined, namely, the optimal DAMO, citric acid, and n‐butylamine addition amounts of 1 mL, 0.9 g, and 1 mL, a reaction time of 3 h, and a reaction temperature of 160°C. Further research has confirmed that the increase in fluorescence intensity of CDs is mainly due to the introduction of DAMO, in which the two amino groups in DAMO play a major role. In addition, the Si‐O‐Si group generated by the hydrolysis of siloxane groups is connected to the surface of the CDs and forms a core–shell structure, which modifies the defects on the surface and enhances the fluorescence intensity of the CDs. Finally, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on liquid silicon‐based CDs were assembled by spin coating. The obtained device has a transparency of up to 80% and an optical efficiency of 2.4%.
Cognitive functioning in adult psychiatric patients with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Eberhard D. , Gillberg C. , Billstedt E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Studies of cognitive functioning in patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often used healthy comparison groups. The present study examines cognitive profiles, including general intellectual and executive functions, in a young adult psychiatric outpatient clientele with ADHD and evaluates whether their cognitive profiles can help differentiate them from patients with non‐ADHD‐associated psychiatric disorders.

Methods

The study group comprised 141 young adult psychiatric patients (age range 18–25 years) of whom 78 had ADHD. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th version and subtests from Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System. Clinical psychiatric assessments and diagnostic evaluation were performed.

Results

The ADHD group (including all subtypes) had significantly lower verbal comprehension and full‐scale intelligence quotient than the non‐ADHD group. Tests measuring working memory or executive function did not separate those with and without ADHD.

Conclusion

The results of our study suggest that, except for the need to establish overall cognitive performance level, the clinical implication of testing is small if the purpose is to “rule out” an ADHD diagnosis.
Mechanism of green and knowledge process toward minimizing innovation risks: A direct and configuration approach
Authors: Alam Sajjad , Zhang Jianhua , Khan Naveed , Dandan Wen
Published: July 2024

Due to a significant reduction in the availability and standard of natural resources, numerous firms are claiming to implement environmentally sustainable practices. This research constructs and validates green variables within the knowledge management (KM) process, drawing on resource‐based views (RBV) and organizational learning theory. It aims to explain how manufacturing firms minimize innovation risk. The author followed a combined methodology of Smart partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Primary response data were collected from industry experts and literature studies to develop items for the knowledge aptitude model to decrease innovation risk (KMIR). The mixed variables of the KM and green process were validated through the fsQCA technique. The outcome of PLS‐SEM showed a positive connection between certain green variables to minimize innovation risk. fsQCA examines the combined approach of green implementation and KM practice; the finding indicated significant connections between green variables and the KM process to KMIR. This study can be measured as innovative in the KMIR field, as it has validated and developed its constructs based on primary data. It can help scholars and industry experts acquire a head start in the KMIR field, and this mechanism will assist with the investigation of the green variables and knowledge domain, providing an outline for future studies.
Successful treatment of a complete Susac syndrome in a 16‐year‐old boy: A case report
Authors: Kashipazha Davood , Bahramy Mohammad Ali , Razaghi Mahshad , Rahimi Zeinab
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

We reported a pediatric case of SuS with a complete diagnosis triad. Although the optimal treatment of SS is unclear, prompt diagnosis and treatment can result in almost a complete recovery.

Susac's syndrome (SuS) is a rare, autoimmune disorder known as a typical triad of sensorineural hearing impairment, central nervous system involvement, and multiple branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAOs). It is usually misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed because its symptoms may vary at the presentation time. Diagnosis can be established based on neuroimaging, ophthalmic examination, and audiometry, which match the clinical symptoms. SuS is very limited and rare in childhood and can be easily misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. We report a 16‐year‐old boy patient with a completed SuS triad including BRAO in fluorescent angiography (FA), mild to moderate sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL), “Snowball lesions,” and “pearl of string” signs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Successful treatment was achieved with methylprednisolone, rituximab, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. SuS is a rare disorder, which rarely presents with a full triad and all the manifestations may not be present at the onset of the disease, leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Our case is exceptional because he was in a pediatric age and presented with a complete triad of SuS which adds to the rarity of this disease. Although optimal treatment of SuS is unclear, our treatment regimen resulted in almost a complete recovery.
Successful treatment for an adult with bilateral posterior teeth crossbite by miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion: A case report
Authors: Fan Yuan , Li Yuanyuan , Fan Manlin , Lin Yanfang , Xu Jiarong , Li Zhihua , Luo Jun
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Successful treatment by miniscrew‐assisted rapid expansion and clinical aligner therapy for an adult diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) by clinical examinations and Yonsei transverse analysis.

Adult orthodontic diagnosis and treatment with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) is challenging. Miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) is a fast and low‐risk method to expand the width of maxillary basal bone. This case report describes a 23‐year‐old female with mandible deviation and bilateral posterior teeth crossbite. She was diagnosed as MTD by the clinical examinations and Yonsei transverse analysis, and treated by the MARPE and clinical aligner therapy. After 26 months' treatment, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images showed that the width of maxillary basal bone increased by 3.8 mm, that of zygomatic arch and nasal bone increased by 1.0 and 1.9 mm, respectively, and the bilateral posterior teeth crossbite was corrected. Furthermore, the dental midline of lower arch was consistent with that of upper arch and face, the molars arrived Angle Class II and canines was Class I relationships, the profile was maintained, the facial asymmetry was improved. The results of seventeen‐month follow‐up showed that the effect of orthodontic treatment is very stable. This case report demonstrates that MARPE is the effective approach for patients with MTD and facial asymmetry, which provide the alternative for the treatment of similar cases.
Dual Electron Donating Metal‐Boron Reaction Center Boosts Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis from N2 and CO2
Authors: Yodsin Nuttapon , Mano Poobodin , Takahashi Kaito , Namuangruk Supawadee
Published: July 2024

Urea (NH2CONH2) production by electrosynthesis at mild conditions has been hampered due to the lack of systematic evaluation of pathways in effectively activating inert N2 and CO2 molecules and facilitating the formation of C−N bonds. In this work, we evaluated 16 transition metal (M) atoms anchored on carbon nitride nanosheet with boron (B) doping (M−B@C2N) for boosting urea production by theoretical calculations. All possible urea synthesis pathways, (i) CO2 pathway, (ii) OCOH pathway, (iii) CO pathway, and (iv) NCON pathway, were comparatively studied on Cu, Fe, Co, Ni−B@C2N. This systematic calculation identified that the first reduction of *N2 is the key step for urea synthesis. We found that the bond index of *N2 shows a strong correlation with ΔG*N2→*NNH, so they are promising descriptors for screening. Through the screening, we found that Nb‐ and Mo−B@C2N show a low limiting potential of −0.56 and −0.53 V. Although previous studies found that spin could promote C−C bond formation on M−B@C2N, we found that for C−N coupling, such effects by spin were only active for Nb−B@C2N. Combining boron and early transition metal atoms allows for neighboring reaction sites that simultaneously donate electrons to activate inert N2 and CO2 for efficient urea synthesis.
Ability of x‐ray computed tomography to resolve critical flaw size in laser‐based, paste stereolithography ceramic printing of alumina
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Rossy Andrés Márquez , Dehoff Ryan R. , Nelson Andrew T.
Published: July 2024

Complex alumina parts were printed using vat photopolymerization (VPP), which is a stereolithography‐based additive manufacturing (AM) technique used to shape ceramic preforms, or green parts. The critical flaw size was determined using classical fracture mechanics techniques. The strength and fracture toughness were measured and compared to flaws detected in x‐ray computed tomography (XCT or CT) distributions as well as the fracture surfaces. The strength was lower compared traditionally made alumina, and that is due to layering effects, slurry defects, and printing defects. The critical flaw size from fracture mechanics was 206 µm. XCT has high enough resolution to detect the critical flaw size and much smaller features, where the average flaw size observed in CT scans was around 80–100 µm. The fracture surfaces indicate that flaws causing failure are larger than that of the critical flaw size (∼300 µm), but fracture surfaces do not show definitive features compared to traditionally made ceramics. Since XCT can observe flaws smaller than the critical flaw size, this method can be used as a screening technique.
A Data‐Driven Approach for Enhanced CO2 Capture with Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Liang Guangchao , Zhang Min
Published: July 2024

To attain carbon neutrality, significant efforts have been made to capture and utilize CO2. The homogeneous hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by transition metal complexes, particularly the ruthenium complexes, has demonstrated significant advantages and is regarded as a viable approach for practical application. Insertion of CO2 into the Ru−H bond, producing the Ru‐formate product, is the key step in the hydrogenation of CO2. In order to parameterize the catalytic activities in the CO2 insertion into the Ru−H bond, the concept of simplified mechanism‐based approach with data‐driven practice (SMADP) has been introduced in this paper. The results showed that the hydricity of the Ru−H complex (ΔGH‐) might serve as a single active descriptor in the process of CO2 insertion, and that a novel ruthenium complex in CO2 catalysis may not be easily obtained by mere modification of the auxiliary ligand at the ruthenium metal site.
Chemoselectivity Switch between Enantioselective [2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement and Conia‐Ene‐Type Reactions of Propargyloxyoxindoles
Authors: Gao Yu‐Lin , Yang Yang , Wu Chen , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: July 2024

Despite the existence of three competing reactions for propargyloxyoxindoles, we report a chemoselectivity switch between enantioselective propargyl [2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement and Conia‐ene‐type reactions, with suppression of the [1,2]‐Wittig‐type rearrangement. Using C1‐symmetric imidazolidine‐pyrroloimidazolone pyridine as the ligand and Ni(acac)2 as the Lewis acid, diverse 3‐hydroxy 3‐substituted oxindoles containing allenyl groups were obtained in up to 98 % yield and 99 % ee via asymmetric propargyl [2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement. In the presence of AgOTf‐Duanphos, chiral spiro dihydrofuran oxindoles were given in up to 98 % yield and 91 % ee through a Conia‐ene‐type reaction.