bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosecutor at the stage of preparation for court proceedings in criminal cases in the Russian Empire after the judicial reform of 1864
Authors: Gorbachov V. P.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the normative regulation and practical activity of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Empire at the stage of preparation for court proceedings in criminal cases after the judicial reform of 1864. The implementation by the prosecutor of the powers granted to him at this stage was influencing the further course of the criminal process.
On all issues that arose in preparation for the trial, the Prosecutor’s office gave its conclusions, without which the court had no right to make its decisions. In comparison with the defendants and other persons involved in the case, the Prosecutor’s office had advantages in questions of calling witnesses and experts to court. The Prosecutor made the list of persons who were subject to a summons to court and later had the right to additionally call new witnesses. At the same time, the Prosecutor was not obliged to indicate, for clarification of what circumstances he called new witnesses. And the court had no right to refuse to the Prosecutor to call the persons indicated by him. In contrast to this, the rights of the party of the defense were limited to a 7-day period for filing requests to call additional witnesses and the obligation to indicate the circumstances for which new witnesses were called. But the court could refuse to the
party of the defense to satisfy such petitions. The Prosecutor’s office took part in the decision of questions on the challenge of judges. On this issue, the Prosecutor gave his conclusion. In addition, he had the right to challenge the judges. However, the persons involved in the case did not have the right to challenge the Prosecutor from participation in the case. If there were grounds, the Prosecutor should recuse himself from participation in the case. The Prosecutor’s office had certain powers to influence the practice of holding closed court sessions. It gave her conclusion on the consideration of cases in closed or open court sessions, and also appealed against the decisions of the courts, which did not agree with the proposals of the Prosecutor’s office. Prosecutors proposed that the court conduct closed trials on their own initiative or on the instructions of the Minister of justice.
Keywords: Prosecutor’s office, court, defendant, publicity, the challenge of the judge, witness, judicial reform of 1864.
PROBLEMS AND KEY AREAS OF PROVIDING PERSONAL
SECURITY OF PATROL POLICE OFFICER
Authors: Logvinenko M.I. , Podolyaka A.A.
Published: January 2021

The current state of the public atmosphere, the deteriorating criminogenic situation in the country on the basis of sharp political, social changes, complicated by military-armed conflict, anti-terrorist operations, aggravates the actualization of the problem of ensuring and protecting of human rights for life and health in general and certain social groups. Such a tense situation in the society exacerbates the regime of work of law enforcement agencies, among which the greatest burden falls on the patrol police of Ukraine, who, in the performance of their functional duties, directly comes into contact with the society, quickly responding to the offenses, stopping them. The article found that the issue of personal security of the police patrol police is a public issue, since the level of the law, order, stability, the security of individual citizens, society, and state depends on the effectiveness of patrol police activity. Like any working citizen, a police patrol officer is entitled to safe working conditions and occupational safety. The article establishes the need to improve the modern system of personal security of patrol officers in Ukraine by developing programs of psychological and physical training in action in specific situations, especially in extreme situations, to strengthen psychological skills, communication skills, and to develop psychological readiness to act in a certain way in certain real-life circumstances. Legislative personal security requires certain rules and safeguards for the patrol officer to provide a certain level of protection against the danger that threatens him in the course of his duties. However, the practice shows that the guarantees provided are insufficient, leading to an increase in the number of injured patrol officers in the course of their duty. The very specificity of the professional patrol officer’s professional service is in its danger, so the state must provide the highest possible level of protection, while also applying international experience.
Keywords: security, personal safety, the administrative and legal status of the police patrol police, dangerous factors in the patrol police service.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATION OF PERFORMANCE AUDIT IN THE ASPECT OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Authors: Slabunova Yu.V. , Kiiashko Yu.M. , Kartaviy Ya.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the question of the study of the organization of controlling activity in the course of taking measures to manage the financial systems of certain foreign countries. It is emphasized that studying the practices of foreign countries is useful and necessary for the Ukrainian state in the current conditions of repeated attempts of the legislative introduction of innovative methods of management of the domestic financial system. Emphasis is placed on the recognized importance of controlling activities in foreign countries in the management of financial systems. It is established that such control is built on different models. At the same time, many developed countries are characterized by a system of decentralization and, often, the
allocation of certain elements of the audit to a separate branch. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the development of financial control in foreign countries. The issue of exercising such control in the United States of America, the Republic of Turkey, the French Republic, and other countries is considered in general terms. Positive aspects and negative aspects in the organization of controlling activities of some foreign countries were identified. The feasibility and likelihood of introducing positive factors into national legislation were assessed. It has been found that in many developed countries most of the public financial control authorities make extensive use of performance audit as one of their most effective methods. It is established that the purpose of exercising this type of control is to determine the socially significant result from the use of all existing state resources. It is emphasized that in many foreign countries considerable attention is paid to the assessment of the organization and financial control over a wide range of relevant criteria. After all, it is only with a proper assessment of these state measures that it is possible to determine the actual effectiveness of the latter.
Keywords: performance audit, state financial control, control, control activities, financial system management, financial system.
Legal Regime of Information Owned by the National Bank of Ukraine
Authors: Hlyantseva K.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the legal regime of information owned by the National Bank of Ukraine. The content of the concept of information is disclosed and its types are defined. The legal basis for disclosure of information owned by the National Bank of Ukraine is investigated and the aspects of protection are analyzed. Information is any information and/or data that may be stored on a physical medium or displayed electronically. The legislation defines the following types: information about an individual; information of reference and encyclopedic nature; environmental information; product information (job, service); scientific and technical information; tax information; legal information; statistical information; sociological information; other types of information. Information owned by the NBU includes information about an individual, namely information or a set of information about an individual that is identified or can be specifically identified; information about the debtor of the bank (and/or related persons); on credit operations of banks and on the status of the fulfillment of obligations under such operations, analysis and classification of loans; information on
monetary and banking statistics; information on the ownership structure of banks and the composition of banking groups, bank executives.
The legal bases for disclosure of this information are defined in the Laws of Ukraine “On the National Bank of Ukraine”, “On Banks and Banking”, “On Access to Public Information”, Regulations on the Credit Registry of the National Bank of Ukraine, etc.
The regulation on the organization of information security measures in the banking system of Ukraine defines the following principles of information protection: the approach to information security should be systematic (comprehensive); the process of improvement and development of information security must be continuous and carried out by substantiation and implementation of rational means, methods, measures using the best international experience; safeguards against real and potential threats to the
information security of the bank should be timely and adequate; ensuring the proper level of information security of the bank is impossible without the support and control of the bank’s executives; sustainable development of information security systems is only possible if resources, including financial resources, are sufficient. The features of information protection in banking systems are set by the National Bank.

Keywords: the legal regime of information, information, open data, information with restricted access, information security, National Bank of Ukraine, credit register.
INSTITUTE OF PREFECT AS NEW INNOVATIVE MECHANISM OF STATE ADMINISTRATION OF UKRAINE REGIONS
Authors: Myrgorod-Karpova V.V. , Hryb A.А.
Published: January 2021

New Ukrainian power actively enough continues to search effective mechanisms in relation to the effective realization of decentralization of power and reformation of the administrative-territorial device of our country. During the last ten years, questions come into question different Presidents and Governments of Ukraine about the beginning of the realization of these reforms by making alterations in the Constitution of Ukraine in relation to the division of plenary powers of local state administrations and organs of local self-government. One of the last imperious initiatives there is an input in Ukraine of the institute of prefect. The primary objective that is pursued by power men is the replacement of total control after territorial communities from the side of local state administrations on
effective state supervision after legality and constitutionality of decisions of organs of local self-government.
And it must take place by the liquidation of the last and creation of more effective and maximally optimized organ – institute of prefect. This reform envisages the actual substituting of chairmen of local state administrations by prefects with their simultaneous functional change.
As Roman Semenukha marked, deputy of Supreme Soviet of Ukraine of past convocation this new category of civil servants will get corresponding control-observant plenary powers in relation to the organs of local self-government and territorial organs of central executive bodies on the corresponding territory, and in relation to territorial executive bodies yet and will carry out co-ordinating functions. For ordinary Ukrainian self-concept, a prefecture is not clear enough although for the citizens of many countries of the world this category of a civil servant is widespread enough. Therefore the foreign experience of becoming of this institute of state power and its functioning is extremely important, in fact, the analysis of the practice of foreign countries, problems that appeared before them, and ways of their decision, will help the state machine of Ukraine to build a more strong and more effective institute of prefect.
Keywords: institute of prefect, local state administrations, government service.
Tin isotopes via fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis record complex fluid evolution in single cassiterite crystals
Authors: Liu Peng , Mao Jingwen , Lehmann Bernd , Weyer Stefan , Horn Ingo , Mathur Ryan , Wang Fangyue , Zhou Zhenhua
Published: January 2021

Tin isotope geochemistry of cassiterite may allow for reconstructing the fluid evolution of tin ore deposits. Here, we present cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, trace element, and in situ Sn isotope compositions of two cassiterite crystals from an early and a relatively late stage of ore formation of the Xiling vein-style Sn deposit, southeastern China, by femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS). Our results show that the early-stage cassiterite from a high-temperature feldspar-stable hydrothermal environment has core, mantle, and rim zones with a systematic decrease in δ124/117Sn3161A (relative to the Sn standard NIST 3161 A) from +0.38 ± 0.06‰ in the crystal core to –0.12 ± 0.06‰ (2 SE) in the mantle zone. This isotopic evolution, also paralleled by a decrease in Ta content by two orders of magnitude, suggests a fluid batch evolving toward isotopically lighter Sn. The very rim zone of this crystal has an intermediate tin isotope composition at about +0.05‰ δ124/117Sn3161A, combined with elevated Ta, suggestive of a second fluid batch. The late-stage cassiterite crystal from a muscovite-stable hydrothermal environment has a core with an evolved Sn isotope composition at about –0.15‰ δ124/117Sn3161A combined with low Ta, and a rim with heavier Sn isotope compositions up to +0.30 ± 0.08‰ δ124/117Sn3161A and higher Ta contents. As for the early-stage crystal, two different fluid batches must be involved in the formation of this crystal. Our pilot study highlights the advantage of spatially resolved analysis compared to conventional, solution Sn-isotope analysis of bulk cassiterite crystals. The Sn isotope variations at the microscale reveal the complexity of cassiterite crystal growth by a combination of closed- and open-system fluid evolution and isotope fractionation.
Bennesherite, Ba2Fe2+Si2O7: A new melilite group mineral from the Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, Israel
Authors: Krzątała Arkadiusz , Krüger Biljana , Galuskina Irina , Vapnik Yevgeny , Galuskin Evgeny
Published: January 2021

The first barium member of the melilite group, bennesherite Ba2Fe2+Si2O7 [P421m, Z = 2, a = 8.2334(14) Å, c = 5.2854(8) Å, V = 359.29(13) Å3], was discovered in thin veins of rankinite paralava within pyrometamorphic gehlenite hornfels at Gurim Anticline, Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, Israel. Bennesherite occurs in small intergranular spaces between large crystals of rankinite, gehlenite, and garnet together with other Ba-minerals such as fresnoite, walstromite, zadovite, gurimite, hexacelsian, and celsian. It forms transparent, light yellow to lemon-colored crystals with a white streak and a vitreous luster. They exhibit good cleavage on (001), a brittle tenacity, and a conchoidal fracture. The estimated Mohs hardness is 5. Bennesherite has a melilite-type structure with the layers composed of disilicate (Si2O7)6− groups and (Fe2+O4)6− tetrahedra, connected by large eightfold-coordinated Ba atoms. In some grains, epitaxial intergrowths of bennesherite and fresnoite are observed. The structure of the fresnoite, Ba2TiO(Si2O7) with a P4bm space group and unit-cell parameters a = 8.5262(5) Å, c = 5.2199(4) Å, is closely related to the structure of bennesherite. Among all the known minerals of the melilite group, bennesherite has a structure characterized by the lowest misfit degree between the tetrahedral (T1 and T2 sites) and polyhedral (X-site) layers, as it was shown in both natural and synthetic melilite-type phases.
Celleriite, ☐(Mn22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH), a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup
Authors: Bosi Ferdinando , Pezzotta Federico , Altieri Alessandra , Andreozzi Giovanni B. , Ballirano Paolo , Tempesta Gioacchino , Cempírek Jan , Škoda Radek , Filip Jan , Čopjaková Renata , Novák Milan , Kampf Anthony R. , Scribner Emily D. , Groat Lee A. , Evans R. James
Published: January 2021

Celleriite, ☐(Mn22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH), is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup. It was discovered in the Rosina pegmatite, San Piero in Campo, Elba Island, Italy (holotype specimen), and in the Pikárec pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic (co-type specimen). Celleriite in hand specimen is violet to gray-blue (holotype) and dark brownish-green (co-type) with a vitreous luster, conchoidal fracture, and white streak. Celleriite has a Mohs hardness of ~7 and a calculated density of 3.13 and 3.14 g/cm3 for holotype and its co-type, respectively. In plane-polarized light in thin section, celleriite is pleochroic (O = pale violet and E = light gray-blue in holotype; O = pale green and E = colorless in co-type) and uniaxial negative. Celleriite has trigonal symmetry: space group R3m, Z = 3, a = 15.9518(4) and 15.9332(3) Å, c = 7.1579(2) and 7.13086(15) Å, V = 1577.38(9) and 1567.76(6) Å3 for holotype and co-type, respectively (data from single-crystal X-ray diffraction). The crystal structure of the holotype specimen was refined to R1 = 2.89% using 1696 unique reflections collected with MoKα X-ray intensity data. Structural, chemical, and spectroscopic analyses resulted in the formulas:

x ( ◻ 0.58 N a 0.42 ) Σ 1.00 Y ( M n 1.39 2 + F e 0.16 2 + M g 0.01 A l 1.14 F e 0.01 3 + L i 0.28 T i 0.01 ) Σ 3.00 Z A l 6 [ T ( S i 5.99 A l 0.01 ) Σ 6.00 O 18 ] ( B O 3 ) 3 ( O H ) 3 w [ ( O H ) 0.65 F 0.03 O 0.32 ] Σ 1.00 ( for holotype )

and

x ( ◻ 0.51 N a 0.49 ) Σ 1.00 Y ( M n 0.90 2 + F e 0.50 2 + A l 1.36 F e 0.04 3 + L i 0.17 Zn 0.04 ) Σ 3.00 Z A l 6 [ T ( S i 5.75 B 0.25 ) Σ 6.00 O 18 ] ( B O 3 ) 3 ( O H ) 3 w [ ( O H ) 0.35 F 0.17 O 0.48 ] Σ 1.00 ( for co-type )

Celleriite is a hydroxy species belonging to the X-site vacant group of the tourmaline supergroup. The new mineral was approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association, proposal no. 2019-089.

In the Rosina pegmatite, celleriite formed an overgrowth at the analogous pole of elbaite–fluorelbaite–rossmanite crystals during the latest stage of evolution of pegmatite cavities after an event of a pocket rupture. In the Pikárec pegmatite, celleriite occurs as an intermediate growth sector of elbaite, princivalleite, and fluor-elbaite.
Proliferation of non-linear excitations in the piecewise-linear perceptron
Authors: Sclocchi Antonio , Urbani Pierfrancesco
Published: January 2021

We investigate the properties of local minima of the energy landscape of a continuous non-convex optimization problem, the spherical perceptron with piecewise linear cost function
and show that they are critical, marginally stable and displaying a set of pseudogaps, singularities and non-linear excitations whose properties appear to be in the same universality class of jammed packings of hard spheres.
The piecewise linear perceptron problem appears as an evolution of the purely linear perceptron optimization problem that has been recently investigated in [1]. Its cost function contains two non-analytic points where the derivative has a jump. Correspondingly, in the non-convex/glassy phase, these two points give rise to four pseudogaps in the force distribution and this induces four power laws in the gap distribution as well. In addition one can define an extended notion of isostaticity and show that local minima appear again to be isostatic in this phase. We believe that our results generalize naturally to more complex cases with a proliferation of non-linear excitations as the number of non-analytic points in the cost function is increased.
DETECTION OF ACID NEUTRALIZERS IN FRAUDULENT MILK: FULL VALIDATION OF A CLASSICAL QUALITATIVE METHOD
Authors: Gondima Carina , Palhares Marina , Santos Pedro , Sousa Roberto , Junqueira Roberto , Souza Scheilla
Published: January 2021

Neutralization with alkaline compounds is one of the most common adulterations in milk. The rosolic acid method is a classical test widely used in different countries for detection of neutralizers in milk. The official and a modified version were validated in a single laboratory validation process considering four adulterants: sodium bicarbonate(BI), sodium carbonate(CA), sodium hydroxide(HY) and sodium citrate(CI). The modified version, which presented better performance was selected for interlaboratory validation. In this process, samples of raw milk with acidities of 0.19% were neutralized with different concentrations of BI, CA, HY and C and tested for homogeneity and stability. Eight laboratories, which represented different sectors of the milk production chain, received and analysed these samples. The collaborative trial results confirmed the method performance, although sensitivity and precision were inferior to those obtained in the intralaboratory process, demonstrating its applications and limitations
MACROALGAE Fucus vesiculosus OIL: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION USING ALKALINE TRANSESTERIFICATION
Authors: Petry Bruno , Rial Rafael , Freitas Osmar , Barbosa Joyce , Cavalheiro Leandro , Nazário Carlos , Viana Luíz
Published: January 2021

This work studied the obtaining of methyl biodiesel and ethyl biodiesel using alkaline transesterification from macroalgae Fucus vesiculosos oil (FVO). FVO has 86.59% of its composition in unsaturated fatty acids, with a greater quantity of linoleic acid and oleic acid, a chemical composition near the soybean oil, the most used raw material for the production of biodiesel. Linoleic acid (47.88%), and oleic acid (34.66%) are the fatty acids present in the greatest amount in FVO, and unsaturated fatty acids correspond to 86.59% the composition of FVO, a composition of fatty acids close to that of soybean oil, which is the oil most produced and used for the production of biodiesel. To obtain methyl biodiesel (MBFVO) and ethyl biodiesel (EBFVO) the molar ratio oil: alcohol 1: 3 and 1% alkaline catalyst, NaOH, was used. The yield of the transesterification reaction was evaluated by varying the reaction time between 30 and 60 minutes and the highest yields were obtained after 60 minutes of reaction. In order to check the quality of the obtained biodiesel, the properties acidity index, iodine value, water content, specific mass at 20 o C, oxidative stability, cold filter lugging point and kinematic viscosity were evaluated. The oxidative stability had an induction period below the recommended, but it can be corrected with the addition of antioxidants to the biodiesel. All other physical and chemical properties had values within the stipulated by the regulatory agencies, indicating that the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus can be a raw material in potential for production of biodiesel
Taṭwīr al-Wasāil al-Muta‘addidah al-Tafā‘uliyyah bi Istikhdāmi al-Wasīlah al-Iliktrūniyyah li Ta’līm al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah
Authors: Aliah Mujahidatul , Maghfurin Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Lack of use of multimedia influences the lack of students' desire to learn Arabic and their difficulty in understanding. Teacher-centered Arabic teaching contradicts the nature of students with an audiovisual learning model. As a remedy for this problem, we have developed a variety of methods for teaching Arabic with the help of the Power Point Program. It was implemented at the National Islamic High School in Dorongan-Semarang. This research is evolutionary using the DDD-E model, which consists of four steps, namely, designation (Decide) and design (Design) and development (Development) and evaluation (Evaluate). Assessment of the quality of the means is based on the correction of the experts in Article (80%) and teaching methods (84%). To assess the validity of their use we rely on the response of students (80%). The effectiveness of their use is based on the results of the students in the test (64%), and they are 18 students in the eleventh grade selected by purposeful technology.
Desain Pengembangan Kurikulum Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab pada Tujuan Khusus Pemandu Wisata (Tour Guide)
Authors: Tamsil Irvan Maulana
Published: January 2021

Language Arabic, which has now become an international language, has a big contribution in developing science. This Tern shows the existence of active Arabic communication with the languages that exist in this world. By using a language that is understood together, one can establish social relations in the community. The purpose of this study is to design Arabic learning curriculum development specifically for the purpose here of tourism as a tour guide. This research method used library research. The results of the research show that the design learning of Arabic curriculum development is a special purpose tour guide, a tour guide is more, able, fluent and professional in communicating Arabic and knows the ins and outs of the world of tourism, as well as the destination when dealing with tourists from the Middle East.
Model Kampung Arab Santri Bidik Misi Ma‘had Al-Jami’ah: Adopsi dan Adaptasi Kampung Arab Pare Kediri
Authors: Mas’ud Muhammad , Anis Urifatun
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the model and application of the Adopted and adaptive Arab village of the EGYPT Islamic Boarding & Course for English and Arabic village at Pare Kediri to the students of Ya Bismillah Ma'had Al-Jami'ah Putri IAIN Salatiga mission. The method used is interactive qualitative covering three activities: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Data was obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that; 1) learning is carried out with the lecture model, Al-Liqa ', al-tamsil and al-munaqosyah. 2) application of management functions that are adopted includes planning, organizing, leadership, and controlling. 3) the supporting factors in the model of the Arabic village, the santri aiming for the mission of Ya Bismillah Ma'had Al-Jami'ah Putri IAIN Salatiga, namely; the methods used by the ustadz and ustadzah, the curriculum, the materials and teaching materials, the ustadz or ustadzah competences and the holding of learning evaluations. The inhibiting factors include: there are limitations to learning Arabic language tools. Besides that, the ustadz / ustadzah has not found the right model for improving Arabic learning in these institutions due to the students' different educational backgrounds.
The influence of the SCM structure parameters on the engine vibration and optimization the engine power
Authors: Yan Dingao , Nguyen Vanliem
Published: January 2021

In this paper, based on the slider-crank-mechanism (SCM) dynamics model, the dynamic parameters of the engine including the eccentricity (e) between crankshaft centre and cylinder centre of the SCM, the length and radius of the connecting rod and crankshaft, and engine speed are researched on the engine vibration and power, respectively. The dynamic parameters are then optimized based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm developed in MATLAB software to improve the vibration and power of the engine. Both the values of the maximum friction force and maximum torque are chosen as the objective functions. The research results show that the length of the connecting rod (L), radius of the crankshaft (R), eccentricity e, and engine speed (ne) significantly affect the vibration and power of the engine. With the optimized dynamic parameters of L= 136 mm, R= 45 mm, e= 14 mm, and ne= 1850 rpm, the amplitude of oscillation of piston acceleration and the maximum friction force are reduced by 36.3 % and 12.5 % while the maximum torque is increased by 18.6 % in comparison without optimization. Therefore, the vibration and power of the engine are improved.
The seismic analysis and performance of steel frame with additional low-yield-point steel dampers
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Huali Pan , Adedamola Akin-Adewale , Guoqiang Ou , Amin Azka
Published: January 2021

This paper describes the seismic performance of a steel frame with additional LYP steel dampers. LYP steel dampers provides passive energy dissipation device in a structure, it also reduces the lateral forces in efficient way which is produced by seismic wave. The seismic performance of structures is needed in the design of structure, especially in countries where seismic activities occur. This analysis is accomplished with the FEM and software called SAP2000. The steel frame is only analyzed using numerical simulation. This paper describes two steel frames, the first steel frame is a two story steel frame without LYP steel dampers while the second steel frame has with LYP steel dampers. The seismic mechanism analysis was accomplished with the help of nonlinear time history analysis technique and the results for inter-story drift, steel frames, base shear, the displacement of the top story and the stress of the dampers was obtained. The time history analysis was taken out with three different earthquake waves according to the Chinese code for the seismic design of buildings; the earthquake waves were divided into the three different earthquake levels in China which include the frequent, moderate and rare earthquake level. The seismic mechanism analysis was accomplished on the three different earthquakes and three different earthquake levels in China. The modal analysis was taken to obtain the frequency and the period of the steel frames. The steel frames were examined under the different load combination which is also described in the code for the seismic design of buildings to obtain the internal forces of the members of the steel frame which include the axial force, shear force and bending moment. The different load combinations are used to get the stress of the dampers. We notice that the addition of LYP steel dampers increases the seismic resistance of the steel frame as we can observe by a reduction in the displacement of the top story, base shear, and inter-story drift angle by the addition of LYP steel dampers on the steel frame. We can be able to observe the behavior of the frames under the different earthquake levels in China using the pushover analysis.
Exact Solutions of the Two Dimensional KdV-Burger Equation by Generalized Kudryashov Method
Authors: PANDIR Yusuf , EREN Sahragül
Published: January 2021

In this article, the generalized Kudryashov method which provides the exact solutions is examined. It is possible to obtain new exact solutions of the nonlinear differential equations with this method. By implementing this developed method to the two-dimensional KdV-Burger equation, new exact solutions of this equation are found. This new exact solutions are the solutions that are not in the literature. In addition, two and three-dimensional graphics of these new exact solutions have been drawn and their physical behavior has been demonstrated.
Erzurum Jeolojik Oluşumları ve Muş Hamurpet Gölü Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) Üzerine Faunistik Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÖZCAN Serhat , YILDIZ Numan , POLAT Ahmet , İNCEKARA Ümit
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, sıra dışı sulak alan habitatlarına sahip Erzurum Jeolojik Oluşumları’ndan ve Muş Hamurpet (Akdoğan) Gölü’nden toplanan Helophoridae, Hydrochidae ve Hydrophilidae türleri değerlendirilmiştir. Örnekler Haziran 2016-Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında çeşitli lokalitelerden toplanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde; Helophoridae’den 10, Hydrochidae’den 1, Hydrophilidae’den 11 tür ve 1 alttür olmak üzere toplam 23 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 1 tür Erzurum, 14 tür Muş, 1 tür ise hem Erzurum hem de Muş illeri için yeni kayıt olarak sunulmuştur.
Batık Minarelerde Su Seviyesinin Yapıya Olan Etkisinin Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Abdullah , DİNÇER A. Ersin
Published: January 2021

Baraj göllerinin, sular altında bıraktığı yerleşim yerlerinin, su üstünde kalan son mirasları minarelerdir. Türkiye’de iki adet batık minare bulunmaktadır ve su üstünden görülebilmeleri ile cazibe merkezleri haline gelmişlerdir. Uzun yıllar sular altında kalması bu yapıların malzeme kalitesinin düşmesine sebep olmuştur/olacaktır. Bunun yanında; olası bir deprem esnasında var olan zemin hareketine ek olarak suyun çalkalanma etkisinin de eklenmesi bu minarelerin davranışlarının öngörülmesini daha da zorlaştırmaktadır. Yüksek Deprem riski barındıran bölgelerde yer alan her bu yapıların deprem esnasında su ile yapacağı etkileşimin sonuçlarının irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.Bu kapsamda su altında kalan minarelerin davranışlarını incelemek için idealleştirilmiş 2 boyutlu model oluşturulmuş ve yakın fay hareketleri uygulanmıştır. İdealleştirilmiş modelin analizi için tam akupajlı bir yapı-sıvı etkileşim (FSI) modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu modelde yapı kısmın modellenmesi için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi (FEM), sıvı kısmın modellenmesi için ise yumuşatılmış parçacık hidrodinamiği (SPH) kullanılmıştır. Bu iki farklı yöntem ile modellenen alanların etkileşimi için ise kontak mekanik kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan FSI yöntemi birçok problemin çözümü ile doğruluğu kanıtlanan geçerli bir yöntemdir. Farklı su seviyeleri ile oluşturulan idealleştirilmiş modeller, geliştirilen FSI yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar batık minarelerde su kütlesi etkisinin yakın fay altında ne kadar yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Su seviyesindeki değişim ile bu etki doğal olarak değişim göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında farklı su seviyeleri incelenerek batık minareler üzerindeki su kütlesi etkisi ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir.
A Theoretical Study of 2-hydroxyethyl Substituted NHC Precursors Containing ortho–, meta– and para– methylbenzyl: Global Reactivity Descriptors and Prediction of Biological Activities
Authors: BARUT CELEPCİ Duygu
Published: January 2021

In this work, three 2-hydroxyethyl substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors containing ortho–, meta– and para– methylbenzyl fragments are characterized theoretically. Theoretical calculations are performed to gain insight into these three molecules’ electronic properties (HOMO-LUMO energy, MEP and global reactivity descriptors) and biological behaviors. Also, atomic charges are calculated and molecular orbital analysis is performed. In order to investigate the stability of the molecules resulting from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis is used. A predictive study for the biological activities is carried out using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for biologically active structures) online software. Biological activity predictions showed the substance P antagonist, analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the compounds.
Ecballium elaterium’un Farklı Kanser Hücre Hatlarına Karşı Sitotoksik Aktivitesi
Authors: AYDOĞMUŞ-ÖZTÜRK Fatma
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma kapsamında, halk arasında acı kavun olarak bilinen Ecballium elaterium’un, bazı kanser hücre hatlarına karşı sitotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Eski Mısırlılar döneminden beri tanınan bir drog olan E. elaterium birçok hastalığa karşı kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise son derece saldırgan ve tedavisi bulunmayan malign melanoma (SK-MEL-30), kolon kanseri (CACO-2), meme kanseri (MCF-7) ve küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri (H1299) hücre hatlarına karşı E. elaterium’un meyve ve yaprak ekstrelerinin sitotoksik etkileri MTT testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. E. elaterium’un meyve ve yaprak ekstreleri aynı zamanda sağlıklı fare fibroblast hücre hattı (L929) üzerinde denenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; E. elaterium’un meyve ve yaprak ekstreleri; SK-MEL-30 hücre hattına karşı zayıf, H1299 hücre hattına karşı orta, MCF-7 hücre hattına karşı yüksek sitotoksik aktivite sergilemiştir. CACO-2 hücre hattına karşı ise her iki ekstrenin de toksik bir etkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, meyve ekstrelerinin yaprak ekstrelerinden daha yüksek sitotoksik aktivite sergilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Performance of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid as a Function of Reynolds Number and Flow Velocity
Authors: YILDIZ Melih , AKTÜRK Ahmet
Published: January 2021

This study numerically investigates the heat transfer and hydraulic performance of Al2O3-water nanofluids flowing through a horizontal smooth pipe exposed to a constant heat flux. The nanofluids were regarded as four different varying concentrations in the range from 0.01 to 0.04 by a 0.01 increment (by volume) of the nano-particle, Al2O3. Numerical analyses were performed using the finite volume method to solve governing equations in the created three-dimensional domain. The heat transfer and hydraulic characteristics of the nanofluids were separately investigated as a function of both Re number and flow velocity corresponding to the turbulent flow regime. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficients increase remarkably with the increase of Al2O3 fraction, and the maximum overall enhancement ratio was found by 1.30, in the case of the same Reynolds number. In contrast, in the case of the same flow velocities to the base fluid, the convective heat transfer coefficients of the nanofluids worsened with relative to the base fluid due to higher viscosity values of the nanofluids which cause a decrease in Reynolds numbers. Moreover, friction factors with nanofluids increased, which gave rise to the overall enhancement ratios to be at lower than 1.0.
Bazı Tescilli Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinin Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Markörler ile Karakterizasyonu
Authors: TURKAY Şeyda , BAKIR Melike
Published: January 2021

Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) dünya çapında yetiştirilen ve ekonomik açıdan önemli olan yemeklik baklagil bitkisidir. Bu çalışmada, 2011 yılı sonrası tescil edilen 10 tescilli nohut çeşidi 15 SSR markörü içerisinden polimorfizm gösteren 6 SSR markörü kullanılarak genetik benzerlikleri incelenmiştir. Toplam allel sayısı 29 ve her bir lokus için ortalama allel sayısı 4.83 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama heterozigotluk oranı 0.62, PIC (polymorphism information content) değeri 0.41 ile 0.74 arasında ve ortalama 0.58 olarak bulunmuştur. Genetik benzerlik matriksinden Neighbour-joining ve UPGMA kullanılarak oluşturulan genetik ilişki dendogramı ile 10 nohut çeşidinin iki ayrı gruba ayrıldığı görülmüştür. Genetik benzerlik açısından birbirine en yakın çeşitlerin Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından tescil edilen Sezenbey ve Zuhal çeşitleri (%96) ile Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından tescil edilen Ilgaz ve Aslanbey çeşitleri (%96) olduğu, birbirlerine en uzak çeşitlerin ise Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından tescil edilen Seçkin ile Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Merkezi tarafından tescil edilen Akça çeşitleri (%21) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile bazı tescilli nohut çeşitlerin genetik benzerlik ilişkisi belirlenmiş, nohut ıslah çalışmaları ve nohutta gerçekleştirilecek diğer genetik tabanlı çalışmalara katkıda bulunması amaçlanmıştır.
Hypericum taxa of Turkey's flora and intra-population variation of morpho-agronomic traits in H. heterophyllum Vent., an endemic species
Authors: COŞGE ŞENKAL Belgin , USKUTOGLU Tansu
Published: January 2021

Hypericum L. belongs to the Clusiaceae (= Guttiferae) family. There are 98 species or 119 taxa of Hypericum, 49 of which are endemic in Turkey Flora, and the endemism ratio is 41.18%. Some of these species are used in various diseases externally/internally in the form of infusion, decoction, oleate or ointment in traditional treatment in Turkey. H. heteropyhllum is an endemic species that grows in arid, stony or rocky calcareous areas. In our study, the average plant height and number of branches were determined as 52.48±10.65 cm and 7.85±3.01, respectively in full flowering stage. The average length and width of the oval shaped seeds was 2.3220±0.1524 mm and 0.7933±0.0755 mm, respectively. Seeds of the plant is very small and average seed weight of 1000 seeds is 0.75975±0.0300 g. The highest fresh herb weight (587±251.91 g/plant) was obtained from plants collected at full flowering. The wide variation was observed especially in plant height and number of main branches in the measurements made on plants in the natural area.
Fungal Fermantasyonu ile Elma ve Domates Posasının Besleme Değerinin Artırılması
Authors: TOSUN Ramazan , YAŞAR Sulhattin
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada biyoreaktör kullanılarak Aspergillus niger (A. niger) ile elma ve domates posasının katı-faz fermantasyonu yöntemiyle besleme değerinin artırılması ve antibesinsel faktörlerin azaltılması ve ayrıca bazı biyomoleküllerce zenginleştirek fonksiyonel yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Elma ve domates posaları A. niger ile optimum nem (%91), sıcaklık (28 oC) ve pH (4-4.5) değerlerinde 72 saat fermente edilmiştir. Her iki fermantasyonun 0, 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerinde steril koşullarda bağımsız olarak 3 örnekleme yapılmıştır. Örnekler kurutulduktan sonra besin maddeleri, antibesinsel maddeler ve organik asit içerikleri tespit edilmiştir. Elma posasının A. niger ile fermantasyonunda ham kül içeriği artmıştır. Her iki posanın ham yağ ve toplam redükte şeker içeriği A. niger fermantasyonu ile artmıştır. Her iki posanın da A. niger ile fermentasyonu sonucu ham selüloz, asit deterjan fiber, nötr deterjan fiber ve lignin içeriklerinin önemli düzeyde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Elma ve domates posasının A. niger ile fermantasyonunda laktik asit ve toplam organik asit içeriği önemli derecede artmıştır. Tanin içeriği fermantasyona bağlı olarak azalırken pektin içeriği fermente domates posasında azalmış, ancak fermente elma posasında artmıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen fermente son ürünün hayvan beslemede özellikle de kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde organik asitlerce zengin yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılma olanağı artmıştır, ancak elde edilen bu sonuçların hayvan denemesi ile de desteklenmesine ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Çift Pimli ve Yapıştırmalı Kompozit Plakalarda Farklı Yapıştırıcı Türleriyle Gerilme Analizi
Authors: BENLİ Semih , ERZİNCANLI İlker
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada çift pim bağlantısı uygulanmış ve farklı yapıştırıcı türleri ile yapıştırılmış ve farklı oryantasyon açılarında tabakalı kompozit plakada gerilme analizleri incelenmiştir. Analiz, modelleme ve çözüm için ANSYS (V19) sonlu elemanlar yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Modelleme üç boyutlu olarak yapılmıştır. Model üzerine gerekli sınır şartları ve yüklemeler uygulanmıştır. Mevcut çalışmalardan farklı olarak, tabakalı kompozit plaka üzerindeki delik ve pim için kontak analizi yapılmış ve analiz bu şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Malzemeye çekme yükü uygulanmış, malzeme ve delik bölgelerinde farklı yapıştırıcı türleriyle ve buna ilave olarak tabakalı kompozit plakada farklı oryantasyon açılarında modeller arasında meydana gelen gerilmeler belirlenmiştir.
Güçlendirilmiş Bakır Esaslı Kompozit Malzemelerin Mikroyapı ve Sertlik Özellikleri
Authors: ŞAP Emine
Published: January 2021

Deneysel olarak yapılan bu çalışmada, toz metalurjisi metodu kullanılarak Cu-Mo/SiCp metal matrisli kompozit malzeme imal edilmiştir. Bakır ana matris içerisine ağırlıkça % 5, % 10 ve % 15 oranlarında Mo-SiCp tozları eklenerek toz karışımlar elde edilmiştir. Homojen bir karışım elde etmek amacıyla tozlar bir turbula cihazında yaklaşık dört saat karıştırılmıştır. Hazırlanan karışımlara 600 MPa basınç uygulanarak soğuk pres yapılmış olup numuneler oluşturulmuştur. Sonraki aşamada şekillendirilen numuneler argon gazı eşliğinde farklı 2 sinterleme süresi kullanılarak 1000 0C sıcaklıkta sinterleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Üretilen numuneler yoğunluk, mikroyapı ve sertlik deneylerine tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler neticesinde, takviye tozlarının mikroyapıları belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkmış ve sertlik değerlerinde de artışlar tespit edilmiştir.
The effect of financial anxiety on the insurance behavior of Russians in the context of the 2019-nCoV Pandemic
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Medyanik Olga V.
Published: January 2021

In the context of the economic and political uncertainty associated with the 2019-nCoV pandemic, it is necessary to determine the socio-psychological factors involved in the transformation of the behavior of insurance consumers under the influence of a biogenic threat. This study measures financial anxiety and its impact on the insurance behavior of Russian citizens. The correlation, comparative, and regression analyses of the financial anxiety of Russian citizens cover three stages of observation: before the start of the 2019 nCoV pandemic (“FA up to 19 nCoV; N = 766), during the period of quarantine measures announced in Russia in March 2020 (“FA 19-nCoV-1”; N = 856), and after the relaxation of quarantine measures at the end of April 2020 (“FA 19-nCoV-2”; N = 963). Psychological analysis data were obtained from the online survey “Financial anxiety (in the context of insurance)”. The questionnaire is psychometrically reliable and easy to use. It includes five measurement scales: MR1 — Physical manifestations of financial incentive anxiety, MR2 — With money shortages and financial uncertainty, MR3 — The value of insurance coverage, MP4 — Financial Confidence, and MR5 — Perception of insurance and investment risks. It was found that Russian citizens consider it important to have insurance coverage for a “rainy day”, and they showed confidence in the insurance market during the biogenic crisis. However, unfortunately, during the 19-nCoV-1 and 19-nCoV-2 periods, Russian citizens did not feel financially secure, unlike in the period before 19-nCoV. Women showed high scores for physical manifestations of financial anxiety and low financial confidence in the future, in contrast to men, regardless of the observation period.
Problems and prospects for the development of digital technologies in social work with young people
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Mariia M.
Published: January 2021

The global use of information and communication technologies encourages the development and implementation of new digital methods in social work with young people. Digital innovations are becoming not only a source of youth empowerment but also an information resource that helps to reduce the distance between the needs of young people and the institution of social work. The article discusses the current state and prospects of social work with young people in the era of the digital society. The research focuses on reviewing existing digital technologies with young people, determining the limitations of using information and communication technologies in the social sphere, identifying the actual risks of digitalization in social work with young people, and determining the degree of involvement of young people in digital social work. The design of the study is based on the case study method for digitalization processes in non-profit organizations with a social orientation in St. Petersburg, including methods of semi-structured expert interviews (N=11), focus groups (N=4) and document analysis. The study showed an active process of youth mobilization in the activities of socially oriented non-profit organizations as the creator of a digital project. The analysis of NGO’s activities demonstrated the difficulty of transposing quantitative indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of information and communication technologies in social work with young people into socio-psychological indicators. The author concludes that the key task of successful implementation of digital technologies in social work with young people is the need for interdisciplinary interaction and cross-sectoral cooperation, involvement of social enterprises to participate in the development of digital social projects, and training of professionals in social services in the implementation of digital practices.