bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AL-FEC for Improved Mobile Reception of MPEG-2 DVB-T Transport Streams
Authors: Gozálvez David , Gómez-Barquero David , Stockhammer Thomas , Luby Michael
Published: October 2009

We investigate the use of application layer FEC protection in DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) networks for the provision of mobile services. Mobile reception is characterized by variations of the received signal caused by fast fading and shadowing. DVB-T was originally designed for fixed and portable reception, and generally does not provide enough quality in mobile environments. The link layer protection mechanism MPE-FEC (Multi Protocol Encapsulation-Forward Error Correction) was standardized in DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld) for the protection of mobile TV services. Although DVB-T itself does not incorporate any link or application layer protection mechanism, AL-FEC (Application layer Forward Error Correction) protection can be introduced in DVB-T in a backwards compatible way. By means of AL-FEC, it is possible to improve the robustness of DVB-T services for the provision of mobile TV. In this paper, we explain the concept of AL-FEC protection in DVB-T and evaluate its performance by means of laboratory measurements and dynamic simulations with shadowing. We study different configurations of AL-FEC and compare its performance with MPE-FEC. In this paper, we discuss some implementation aspects of AL-FEC in real scenarios and propose an implementation based on Raptor codes and hash sequences. We also present results obtained by a first AL-FEC prototype for DVB-T that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.
Robust Controller Design for Modified Projective Synchronization of Chen‐Lee Chaotic Systems with Nonlinear Inputs
Authors: Lin Jui-sheng , Pai Neng-Sheng , Yau Her-Terng
Published: October 2009

This study demonstrates the modified projective synchronization in Chen‐Lee chaotic system. The variable structure control technology is used to design the synchronization controller with input nonlinearity. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a nonlinear controller and some generic sufficient conditions can be obtained to guarantee the modified projective synchronization, including synchronization, antisynchronization, and projective synchronization in spite of the input nonlinearity. The numerical simulation results show that the synchronization and antisynchronization can coexist in Chen‐Lee chaotic systems. It demonstrates the validity and feasibility of the proposed controller.
Existence of Positive Solutions for Multiterm Fractional Differential Equations of Finite Delay with Polynomial Coefficients
Authors: Babakhani A. , Enteghami E.
Published: October 2009

Existence of positive
solutions has been studied by A. Babakhani and V. Daftardar‐Gejji (2003) in case
of multiterm nonautonomous fractional differential equations with constant
coefficients. In the present paper we discuss existence of positive solutions in
case of multiterm fractional differential equations of finite delay with polynomial
coefficients.
From 1 Sun to 10 Suns c‐Si Cells by Optimizing Metal Grid, Metal Resistance, and Junction Depth
Authors: Chaudhari Vikrant A. , Solanki Chetan S.
Published: October 2009

Use of a solar cell in concentrator PV technology requires reduction in its series resistance in order to minimize the resistive power losses. The present paper discusses a methodology of reducing the series resistance of a commercial c‐Si solar cell for concentrator applications, in the range of 2 to 10 suns. Step by step optimization of commercial cell in terms of grid geometry, junction depth, and electroplating of the front metal contacts is proposed. A model of resistance network of solar cell is developed and used for the optimization. Efficiency of unoptimized commercial cell at 10 suns drops by 30% of its 1 sun value corresponding to resistive power loss of about 42%. The optimized cell with grid optimization, junction optimization, electroplating, and junction optimized with electroplated contacts cell gives resistive power loss of 20%, 16%, 11%, and 8%, respectively. An efficiency gain of 3% at 10 suns for fully optimized cell is estimated.
Combination PPARγand RXR Agonist Treatment in Melanoma Cells: Functional Importance of S100A2
Authors: Klopper Joshua P. , Sharma Vibha , Bissonnette Reid , Haugen Bryan R.
Published: October 2009

Nuclear hormone receptors, including RXR and PPARγ, represent novel therapeutic targets in melanoma. We have previously shown that the DRO subline of the amelanotic melanoma A375 responds to rexinoid and thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatmentin vitroandin vivo. We performed microarray analysis of A375(DRO) after TZD and combination rexinoid/TZD treatment in which the calcium binding protein S100A2 had increased expression after rexinoid or TZD treatment and a synergistic increase to combination treatment. Increased S100A2 expression is dependent on an intact PPARγreceptor, but it is not sufficient to mediate the antiproliferative effects of rexinoid/TZD treatment. Over expression of S100A2 enhanced the effect of rexinoid and TZD treatment while inhibition of S100A2 expression attenuated the response to rexinoid/TZD treatment, suggesting that S100A2 is necessary for optimal response to RXR and PPARγactivation by respective ligands. In summary, we have identified potential downstream mediators of rexinoid and TZD treatment in a poorly differentiated melanoma and found that alterations in S100A2 expression affect RXR and PPARγsignaling in A375(DRO) cells. These studies provide insight into potential mechanisms of tumor response or resistance to these novel therapies.
Malnutrition in Developed Countries
Authors: Puntis John W.L.
Published: October 2009

Malnutrition has repeatedly been shown to be common among hospitalised patients in developed societies. Despite being a contributor to adverse outcomes it may go unrecognised unless formal assessment is routinely undertaken. The nutrition support team plays important roles in educating staff with regard to the importance of nutrition to all patients, and ensuring effective and safe interventions. Healthcare organisations have a responsibility to promote nutritional care as a key priority. Multidisciplinary working, flexibility and good communication between different departments are requirements for effective nutritional support in hospital.
Malnutrition in Developing Countries – A Changing Face
Authors: Solomons Noel W.
Published: October 2009

Malnutrition connotes abnormalities of both over- and undernutrition. Developing countries are characterized by widespread poverty due to scarce economic resources or inequitable distribution of wealth across society. Although undernutrition states such as underweight, stunting and wasting in the population and hospital management of severe, third-degree clinical nutrition have been the classical concerns of developing-country nutrition, the process of nutrition transition has changed this one-sided balance. Today, a dual burden of deficient and excessive nutrition must be addressed in the community and in the clinic. While specific rates of undernutrition decline, population growth drives the number of undernourished children ever higher worldwide. Although not new in occurrence, public health attention to deficiencies of vitamin A, iodine, iron, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin B12 has taken new impetus. Overweight and obesity rates are rising in certain subpopulations of developing countries, and the metabolic syndrome is becoming established in low-income societies. It is important that the concepts and priorities for developing countries be continually updated, as attempted here, so that we do not latch onto the realities of past decades to create myths that obscure the contemporary evolution of malnutrition across the globe.
Treatment Methods and Goals in Pediatric Malnutrition
Authors: Kolaček Sanja
Published: October 2009

Hospital malnutrition remains a widespread problem throughout European hospitals, affecting 20–40% of adult and pediatric patients. In combination with an underlying disease, malnutrition impairs immune and muscle function, prolongs wound healing, initiates intestinal dysfunction, and therefore, increases the risks of serious complications and reduces quality of life. Ideally the role of nutritional support is to prevent undernutrition and, if it is already present, to restore normal nutritional status, while avoiding nutritional complications, and to promote developmentally adequate feeding habits and skills. This article aims to discuss how to achieve this in pediatric patients and describe the eligible methods of nutritional treatment. The choice of treatment method depends on the underlying disease, age of the patient, gastrointestinal status, possibilities of oral intake, and costs and family feeding habits. With regard to all these factors, and particularly the individual nutritional needs and current nutritional status, the intensity of nutritional support should increase in a stepwise manner from intensified dietetic counseling, over various modalities of enteral feeding to parenteral nutrition. As a general recommendation, when the clinical condition precludes oral intake, enteral nutrition should be used whenever there is a functional gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral nutrition is reserved for children with inexistent, inaccessible or dysfunctional gut, and under these clinical conditions it is a lifesaving procedure. Regardless of the modality of nutritional support, in severely malnourished children, particular care should be taken to avoid the development of the refeeding syndrome. The goals of nutritional management are best achieved, and with an optimal cost-benefit ratio, through the establishment of a nutrition support team, consisting of a pediatrician with an expertise in clinical nutrition, a nurse, a dietician/nutritionist and, if possible, a pharmacist.
Elevated Circulating Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Levels in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Landburg P.P. , Nur E. , Maria N. , Brandjes D.P.M. , Biemond B.J. , Schnog J.B. , Duits A.J.
Published: October 2009

Inflammation and angiogenesis are of importance in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). Recently, the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) has been shown to be a key mediator of angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study we determined serum SDF-1 levels in consecutive adult sickle cell patients during the clinically asymptomatic state as well as during painful crisis. Serum SDF-1 levels were significantly elevated in HbSS/HbSβ⁰-thalassaemia patients [n = 42; 5,177 pg/ml (2,438–7,246)] compared to HbSC/HbSβ+-thalassaemia patients [n = 16; 2,405 pg/ml (1,365–3,047)] and healthy HbAA controls [n = 45; 2,894 pg/ml (2,577–3,334)] (p = 0.001). No significant increments were observed during painful crisis (n = 40). SDF-1 levels were significantly higher in SCD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) compared to patients without PHT. Elevated circulating SDF-1 levels occur in patients with SCD and may play a role in the pathophysiology of SCD-related PHT.
First Two Years’ Response to Growth Hormone Treatment in Very Young Preterm Small for Gestational Age Children
Authors: Garcia R.A.M. , Longui C.A. , Kochi C. , Arruda M. , Faria C.D.C. , Calliari L.E.P. , Monte O. , Pachi P.R. , Saenger P.
Published: October 2009

Background: Growth hormone (GH) is a therapeutic option for small for gestational age (SGA) children without spontaneous catch-up. There are few reports on preterm SGA children. Prematurity is an additional risk factor for adult short stature. Aim: To describe GH efficacy in preterm SGA patients. Methods: Twenty-five preterm SGA patients, 2–4 years old, treated with GH 0.066 mg/kg/day, were compared with 14 age-matched preterm SGA historical controls. Height, weight, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, fasting glucose and insulin were measured every 6 months. Results: At start of GH treatment, mean height and weight were –2.4 and –2.4 SDS, respectively. There was a significant increment in height SDS of 1.3 and 2.1 during the 1st and the 2nd year of GH therapy, respectively. There was no significant difference between the progression of chronological and bone ages. A significant increase in IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and molar ratio was observed during GH therapy. There was no difference in glucose, insulin or HOMA-IR index. Conclusion: We showed for the first time that the height increment of preterm SGA with GH treatment is similar to that described in other studies with term SGA patients. Therefore, short-term GH treatment in a subset of preterm SGA patients between 2–4 years of age was able to promote adequate growth recovery with no excessive bone age acceleration or adverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
Effects of a Twelve-Week Randomized Intervention of Exercise and/or Diet on Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance, and Other Metabolic Parameters in Obese Preadolescent Children
Authors: Shalitin S. , Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L. , Yackobovitch-Gavan M. , Nagelberg N. , Karni Y. , Hershkovitz E. , Loewenthal N. , Shtaif B. , Gat-Yablonski G. , Phillip M.
Published: October 2009

Aims: To compare the short- and long-term effects of intervention programs on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: 162 obese children (6–11 years) were randomly assigned to three 12-week interventions with a 9-month follow-up period: exercise (E): 90 min moderate exercise 3 days/week (n = 52); diet (D): balanced hypocaloric diet, weekly meetings with dietician (n = 55), and diet + exercise (D+E) (n = 55). Changes in anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic profile and psychological outcome were assessed. Results: At 12 weeks BMI-SDS, cardiometabolic profiles, and psychological score improved in all groups. The decrease in BMI-SDS was greater in D and D+E compared with E (p < 0.001), without a significant difference between the first two groups. Waist circumference and LDL cholesterol decreased more in D+E compared with E (p = 0.026 and p = 0.038, respectively). The increase in adiponectin was greater in D and D+E compared with E (p = 0.004). Anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables regressed without significant differences between groups after 9 months. However, BMI-SDS, body fat percentage and LDL cholesterol were lower compared to baseline. Conclusions: Diet alone or combined with exercise are the most effective short-term interventions for weight loss and improved cardiometabolic profiles, without a difference between them. In the long term, obese children need the long-term support of maintenance approaches.
Evaluation of Megacell™ MEM as a Storage Medium for Corneas Destined for Transplantation
Authors: Smith Valerie A. , Johnson Terrell
Published: October 2009

Purpose: Gibco’s Minimum Essential Medium with Earle’s salts and HEPES supplemented with glutamine, antibiotics (EB MEM) and 2% foetal calf serum (FCS) is used in European eye banks to store corneas. Although FCS is important to endothelial cell survival in this medium, it is a potential biohazard. Megacell MEM, formulated to reduce the FCS requirement of cells by a factor of 5, has therefore been evaluated as a corneal storage medium. Methods: Corneal stromal and epithelial cells were incubated in Megacell MEM (serum-free or 2% FCS) to assess their viability in these media. Endothelial cell densities of paired corneas held in either EB MEM 2% FCS or Megacell MEM (serum-free or 2% FCS) were measured over 5 weeks. Discs subsequently punched from the centre of these corneas were weighed, dried and reweighed to determine hydration levels. Results: Both corneal stromal and epithelial cells proliferated in Megacell MEM 2% FCS. Relative to EB MEM, 2% FCS Megacell MEM prolonged the viability of corneal endothelial cells and improved their morphological appearance, irrespective of whether it contained FCS or not. This was independent of corneal swelling. Conclusion: Serum-free Megacell MEM is a better storage medium than EB MEM 2% FCS for corneas destined for transplantation
Heat (Shock) and the Skin
Authors: Polla Barbara S.
Published: October 2009

Whereas hyperthermia has long been used in dermatology for the therapy of diseases as diverse as syphilis gonorrhea, psoriasis or melanoma, the understanding of the biological effects of heat shock on the skin attracts new interests to an old field. The proteins induced by heat (stress or heat shock proteins) appear to play a general role in protection from cellular injury and eventually in the natural defences from solar radiation. On the other hand these ubiquitous proteins may also be involved in the immunopathology of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or leprosy.
The Muir-Torre Syndrome: A Disease of Sebaceous and Colonic Neoplasms
Authors: Schwartz Robert A. , Goldberg David J. , Mahmood Fayyaz , DeJager Robert L. , Lambert Clark , Najem Ahmad Z. , Cohen Philip J.
Published: October 2009

The Muir-Torre syndrome of sebaceous neoplasms of the skin, with or without keratoacanthomas, and multiple low-grade visceral malignancies with prolonged survival is a rare disorder. Colonic polyps are frequently present, and the syndrome appears to be familial. We report 2 unrelated patients with the Muir-Torre syndrome. Each case exhibited sebaceous adenomas. Gastrointestinal findings included colonic adenocarcinomas and a tubulovillous adenoma. Although an unusual disease, the Muir-Torre syndrome requires recognition because these patients are at risk for multiple primary malignancies and may have family members also at risk.
«Bowel Bypass Syndrome»
Authors: Vion B. , Mancarella A. , Frenk E.
Published: October 2009

A 36-year-old woman presented a typical bowel bypass syndrome; tetracycline-HCl was only temporarily effective; the patient was cured by the reconstitution of the normal bowel anatomy.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Region Involvement in the Genetic Predisposition to Alopecia areata
Authors: Orecchia G. , Belvedere Cuccia , Martinetti M. , Capelli E. , Rabbiosi G.
Published: October 2009

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) of classes I and II were studied in 127 patients with alopecia areata (AA). The patients were subdivided into different groups depending on (1) hair loss area, (2) sex, (3) pathogenesis, (4) response to topical immune modulators (squaric acid dibutylester and diphencyprone) and (5) age of onset of the disease. The frequencies of class I HLA markers (loci A, B, C) were not significantly different from the controls. However, among the class II antigens (loci DR, DQ), the frequency of DR5 was increased in both alopecia areata and alopecia universalis when compared with the control group. In particular, DR5 was strongly linked to the early-onset form. The highest DR5 frequency (62%) was found in the group of patients which presented both the early onset and the most severe form of the disease (p < 0.01; RR = 3.14). A decrease of the HLA-B8 phenotype frequency was found in the alopecia areata group versus the alopecia universalis one. No significant deviation was found between the female patients and the control group. However, an increase of CW3 and a decrease of DRl was seen in the males. In the group including ‘combined’, ‘prehypertensive’, ‘atopic’ alopecia of Ikeda’s classification the frequency of HLA-A28 and DR5 was increased and that of DRl was decreased in comparison with the ‘common’ type of alopecia and the controls. It was not possible to find any relationship between these genetic markers and the response to topical immune modulators.
Pseudotail Associated with Spinal Dysraphism
Authors: Aso M. , Kawaguchi T. , Mihara M. , Shimao S. , Morimoto K. , Sakinaga Y.
Published: October 2009

A 5-year-old girl had a caudal appendage and her left buttock was larger than the right buttock. X-ray examination revealed spina bifida and bony defect of sacrum; computed tomography demonstrated the extension of the tumor from subcutaneous tissue to the spinal canal. Histologically, the pseudotail contained lobulated fatty tissue which was consistent with lipoma. It emphasizes the fact that even lesions that are not situated in the median line should be carefully explored before excision.
Necrobiosis-Lipoidica-Like Skin Manifestation in Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis (Liebow)
Authors: Akagi Mayumi , Taniguchi Shinkichi , Ozaki Motoaki , Imamura Sadao , Kitaichi Masanori , Matsui Yusaku , Ohshima Yoshio
Published: October 2009

A 58-year-old man developed 3 indurative erythematous lesions like necrobiosis lipoidica on the right lower leg. He had had similar cutaneous lesions 1.5 years previously. These had been surgically excised, and a histologic diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica was made at another hospital. He was diagnosed as having lymphomatoid granulomatosis by lung biopsy in our hospital. Nasal involvement was confirmed in later examinations and the skin lesions were also considered to be the cutaneous manifestation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. This outlines that cutaneous manifestations may allow early diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
Exercise Training and Dietary Glycemic Load May Have Synergistic Effects on Insulin Resistance in Older Obese Adults
Authors: Kirwan John P. , Barkoukis Hope , Brooks Latina M. , Marchetti Christine M. , Stetzer Bradley P. , Gonzalez Frank
Published: October 2009

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the combined effects of exercise and dietary glycemic load on insulin resistance in older obese adults. Methods: Eleven men and women (62 ± 2 years; 97.6 ± 4.8 kg; body mass index 33.2 ± 2.0) participated in a 12-week supervised exercise program, 5 days/week, for about 1 h/day, at 80–85% of maximum heart rate. Dietary glycemic load was calculated from dietary intake records. Insulin resistance was determined using the euglycemic (5.0 mM) hyperinsulinemic (40 mU/m2/min) clamp. Results: The intervention improved insulin sensitivity (2.37 ± 0.37 to 3.28 ± 0.52 mg/kg/min, p < 0.004), increased VO2max (p < 0.009), and decreased body weight (p < 0.009). Despite similar caloric intakes (1,816 ± 128 vs. 1,610 ± 100 kcal/day), dietary glycemic load trended towards a decrease during the study (140 ± 10 g before, vs. 115 ± 8 g during, p < 0.04). The change in insulin sensitivity correlated with the change in glycemic load (r = 0.84, p < 0.009). Four subjects reduced their glycemic load by 61 ± 8%, and had significantly greater increases in insulin sensitivity (78 ± 11 vs. 23 ± 8%, p < 0.003), and decreases in body weight (p < 0.004) and plasma triglycerides (p < 0.04) compared to the rest of the group. Conclusion: The data suggest that combining a low-glycemic diet with exercise may provide an alternative and more effective treatment for insulin resistance in older obese adults.
Hepatic Disease in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Authors: Mooyaart B.R. , de Jong G.M.T. , van der Veen S. , Driessen L.H.H.M. , Beukeveld G.J.J. , Grond J. , Gips C.H.
Published: October 2009

A standardized hepatological investigation was performed in 9 unselected patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). The aim of this study was to detect early liver involvement due to EPP and to determine the significance of several diagnostic procedures. Scintigraphy revealed slight enlargement of liver and spleen in all cases. Light microscopic examination of liver tissue in 7 patients showed protoporphyrin deposition in 4 and signs of fibrosis in 3 cases. Cirrhosis was not found. Electron microscopical examination (EM) of all 7 cases was negative and needle-shaped crystals were not found. Therefore we regard EM of little diagnostic value in the detection of early liver involvement. The literature on fatal and asymptomatic cases of liver involvement in EPP is discussed with emphasis on possible predictive and provocative factors. A proposal for EPP patients intending to reduce possible risk factors is made.
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Metastases in Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Jüttner F.-M. , Smolle J. , Popper H. , Schneider G.
Published: October 2009

Solitary pulmonary lesions were detected roentgenographically in two melanoma patients during routine follow-up examinations. Melanoma metastases were suspected and the tumors were surgically removed. One turned out to be bronchogenic carcinoma, the other was found to be a chondroma. These cases indicate that in suspected solitary pulmonary melanoma metastases a surgical approach may be reasonable.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Different Skin Tumors
Authors: Bauknecht T. , Gross G. , Hagedorn M.
Published: October 2009

Specific binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was measured in 62 skin tumors of different severity. Within a group of 28 benign tumors, 11 of 15 condylomata acuminata were receptor positive, whereas the investigated mesenchymal tumors and normal skin as a control were receptor negative. 6 of 18 basal cell epitheliomas bound EGF specifically. In the group of precancerous and malignant skin tumors, 7 of 8 squamous cell carcinomas had the highest number of EGF binding sites and a high affinity state, whereas 5 malignant melanomas were receptor negative. The clinical relevance of these findings is not yet clear due to the short follow-up of the patients.
Malignant Pyoderma
Authors: Aram Homayoun
Published: October 2009

A 41-year-old man developed multiple suppurative ulcers and subcutaneous inflammatory nodules and abscesses on the face, the trunk and the extremities. Repeated bacterial and fungus cultures gave nonspecific and inconstant results. Light-microscopic studies showed diffuse inflammatory reaction in the dermis with abscess formation and tissue destruction. There was no evidence of blood vessel inflammatory changes. The course of the disease was characterized by marked chronicity and partial response to systemic steroid and antibiotic therapy. Treatment with clofazimine resulted in a marked improvement of the lesions. Laboratory test results suggest that a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity, associated with increased concentrations of immunoglobulins, may have been the pathogenic event in this case.
Skin Involvement in Hemopathies: Specific Cutaneous Manifestations of Acute Nonlymphoid Leukemias and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Ricevuti Giovanni , Mazzone Antonino , Rossini Silvano , Rizzo Salvatore Carlo , Ricevuti Giuseppe , Bosatra Manuela , Jucci Aura , Dell’Acqua Raffaella , Sacchi Severino
Published: October 2009

The course of a hemopathy may be characterized by the appearance of cutaneous lesions. In such cases a correct histological investigation is needed, especially when the lesions have an aspecific appearance. It is important, therefore, to recognize the cases characterized by cutaneous involvement of typical systemic disease cells. Lymphomas and leukemias are the hemopathies which more frequently present specific and nonspecific cutaneous manifestations (with an approximate incidence of 3–40 and 6–50%, respectively). In the period 1977–1983 we examined 337 patients affected with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and 243 patients affected with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in order to verify the incidence of specific cutaneous manifestations.
Multiple Fibrofolliculomas and Trichodiscomas
Authors: Moreno A. , Puig L. , de Moragas J.M.
Published: October 2009

A late-onset, sporadic case of multiple fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas is reported. This case and other reports in the literature suggest to the authors that benign neoplasms derived from the mesodermal component of the pilar apparatus may present in various combinations and may also be associated with other hamartomatous skin proliferations. The wide spectrum of published combinations may be due to similarities in clinical presentation and biopsy-sampling uncertainties
Atypical Pityriasis rosea
Authors: Imamura Sadao , Ozaki Motoaki , Oguchi Motoi , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Horiguchi Yuji
Published: October 2009

Six cases of pityriasis rosea with atypical morphology and distribution of the eruption are reported. The eruption did not show a typical ‘Christmas-tree’ arrangement, confined to the trunk and proximal parts of the extremities. However, the histology of the eruption revealed dyskeratotic cells in the epidermis and extravasated erythrocytes in the dermis, which were recently reported as rather characteristic findings of this disease. Prodromal symptoms, course and response to therapy were compatible with pityriasis rosea. Histological examination is important and helpful for the diagnosis of atypical cases.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Associated with Bowen’s Carcinoma, B Lymphocytopenia and Decreased Immune Functions
Authors: Maeda K. , Jimbow K. , Fukushima M. , Sawada Y. , Fujinaga K.
Published: October 2009

A case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis associated with Bowen’s carcinoma, persistent B lymphocytopenia and decreased immune functions is reported. Human papilloma virus 5 (HPV-5) DNA was shown to be associated with the DNA from the tumor tissue by Southern blot hybridization using P-labeled HPVDNA sequences cloned on plasmid vectors. The associated Bowen’s carcinoma in our case may be caused by multiple-factor relationships which include (a) an oncogenic potential of infected virus; (b) an inherited abnormality in immune function, and (c) the decreased immune function resulting from the viral infection itself. A marked B lymphocytopenia appears to be associated with persistent viral infection.
Osteoma cutis: A Case of Probable Exacerbation Following Treatment of Severe Acne with Isotretinoin
Authors: Brodkin Roger H. , Abbey Albert A.
Published: October 2009

A florid case of osteoma cutis was observed following isotretinoin treatment of severe cystic acne in which a few scattered osteomata of the skin were observed prior to the treatment with isotretinoin.
Trimethylmethoxyphenyl-Retinoic Acid (Ro 10-1670) and Lymphocyte DNA Synthesis Activity in vitro
Authors: Claudy A.L. , de Bouteiller O. , Touraine J.L.
Published: October 2009

Trimethylmethoxyphenyl-retinoic acid (TMMPRA), the main active therapeutic form of etretinate, was used for in vitro studies on human lymphocytes. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis remained unchanged when TMMPRA was added to the cultures at a concentration range of 1.25–25 μg/ml culture medium. No modulatory activity of the drug on DNA synthesis was seen on cultured lymphocytes stimulated by lectins (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A) or by a mitogen selective for a T lymphocyte sub-population, phorbol myristate acetate. Concanavalin A induced T suppressor cell activity tested toward the proliferative response to allogeneic stimuli was lowered by TMMPRA. The results indicated that TMMPRA alone or in the presence of lectins or phorbol myristate acetate did not inhibit or stimulate DNA synthesis activity in vitro but that the drug could lower T suppressor cell activity.
Adénome tubulaire apocrine: à propos d’un cas
Authors: Kanitakis J. , Hermier C. , Thivolet J.
Published: October 2009

Tubular apocrine adenoma is a rare, benign apocrine tumour of the skin, histologically distinct from other epithelial proliferations, showing apocrine differentiation. A new case of this uncommon lesion is reported herein and a review of the literature concerning this tumour is made.
Prurigo nodularis Associated with Malabsorption
Authors: Suárez C. , Pereda J.M. , Moreno Martín , García-González F. , Gómez-Orbaneja J.
Published: October 2009

The case of a 7 2-year-old female with a syndrome of malabsorption associated with prurigo nodularis is reported. The patient had been suffering from these disorders for 16 years. The pathological alteration of her malabsorption syndrome was an idiopathic sprue. 5 months after treatment with gluten-free diet supplemented with vitamins and iron, the disappearance of the clinical and analytical alterations was complete.
On Arthropathic Psoriasis: X-Ray Peculiarities
Authors: Lomuto M. , Cammisa M. , Ditano G.
Published: October 2009

A radiographic study of the hands, using the method of optical enlargement or ‘microradioscopy’, was carried out on a group of 58 psoriatic patients suffering from different clinical forms of the disease, but without clinical symptoms of arthropathy. A significant statistical incidence for the following lesions was revealed: (a) focal discontinuity and irregularity of the tuft cortical, similar to a nail-stroke; (b) focal lamellar thickening of the periosteum; (c) small intraspongous geodes; (d) increase of the intracortical striae; (e) small juxta-articular erosions. The radiological aspect of the hands, characterized by monolateral and variously combined lesions (with the almost constant presence of the erosions of the tuft cortical) is characteristic, enough to be recognized as a marker of the disease. The authors assume that psoriasis is a systemic disease characterized by accelerated turnover, and that cutaneous and bone lesions represent a different clinical expression of this same biological process.
Treatment Modalities of Psoriatics Over a 6-Year Period (1975–1981)
Authors: Foged E.K. , Schmidt H.
Published: October 2009

For an evalutaion of the various treatments given to psoriatics, a total of 243 outpatients, all seen in 1975, were followed during a 6-year period. 18.1% underwent only one sort of treatment, 44.9% two sorts and 18.1% three sorts. The rest underwent four or more treatment modalities. Topical steroids were the most commonly used form of therapy given to 88.5%. Grenz-rays were given in small amounts to 73.3%, most often as a supplement to topical steroids. Methotrexate was given to 12.3%, PUVA to 13.6%, etretinate to 3.3% and UVB to 1.2%. 26.3% were treated as inpatients during the observation period, and finally 7.0% were treated at the Dead Sea.
Toxicity of Handcleaners
Authors: van Ketel W.G. , Bruynzeel D.P. , Bezemer P.D. , Stamhuis H.I.
Published: October 2009

The irritancy of commercially available liquid handcleaners was determined by means of soap chamber test (with Big Finn Chambers®). This in vivo method appeared to registrate the irritant effects of the cleaners very well. Several alkaline soaps were tested in addition to surfactants and soaps with a neutral or low pH. Alkaline soaps were not extra irritating than other handcleaners. The cleaner with the highest irritancy score had a low pH. It was concluded that the pH was not a useful parameter to predict the irritancy of handcleaners.
Lymphocytotoxicity for Oral Mucosa in Lichen planus
Authors: Simon, Jr. Miklós , Reimer Georg , Schardt Michael , Hornstein Otto Paul
Published: October 2009

The in vitro effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes on syngeneic oral epithelial cells was investigated in 23 patients suffering from lichen planus of skin and/or mucous membranes and in 18 healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers as controls. A modified 51Cr release macro-assay was used. The result shows a significant lymphocytotoxic effect on the epithelial target cells, giving evidence of cytolytic activities of blood lymphocytes on autologous epithelial cells. We consider these lymphocytes to be involved in the complex pathogenesis of lichen planus.
Frequency of Malignant Neoplasms in 248 Long-Term Methotrexate-Treated Psoriatics
Authors: Nyfors A. , Jensen H.
Published: October 2009

The frequency of malignant neoplasms was studied in 248 psoriatics treated with a single, weekly, oral dose of methotrexate ranging from 5 to 25 mg. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 14 years with a median of 7 years. The following 10 malignant neoplasms were found: ovarian cancer 3, breast cancer 2, esophageal cancer in 1 male, pancreatic cancer in 1 female, malignant lymphoma in 1 female and 1 male and 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotal skin. As the observed number of malignant neoplasms was considerably smaller than the expected number, it is concluded that methotrexate therapy as used in the treatment of psoriasis does not seem to contribute to the development of malignant neoplasms.
Porphyria cutanea tarda and Pregnancy
Authors: Goerz Günter , Hammer Gerhard
Published: October 2009

A female patient with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) clinically cured by a low-dose chloroquine treatment showed neither exacerbation of the disease nor an increased excretion of urinary porphyrins during pregnancy. The role of estrogens and gestagens as clinical manifestation factors of PCT is discussed. According to our observation the porphyrogenic effect of the estrogens seems to have been overestimated.
Reticular Telangiectatic Erythema after Implantation of a Pacemaker
Authors: Kint A. , Vermander F.
Published: October 2009

A case of a telangiectatic erythema appearing after implantation of a pacemaker is described. The eruption cleared completely after removal of the battery.
Pemphigus Provoked by D(-)Penicillamine
Authors: Ruocco V. , de Luca M. , Pisani M. , de Angelis E. , Vitale O. , Astarita C.
Published: October 2009

We present the results of our experiments with in vitro tissue cultures of normal human skin, carried out in order to clarify the mechanism(s) by which D(-)penicillamine provokes pemphigus. Various concentrations of D(-)penicillamine were added to the culture medium and produced acantholytic splitting, closely similar to control lesions produced by pemphigus serum, whereas no lesions occurred in controls cultured without the drug. This suggests to us that the pemphigus of D(-)penicillamine is due to biochemical mechanisms and is not mediated by antibodies. Integrating our data with those of previous clinical and experimental studies on idiopathic pemphigus vulgaris leads us to think that the pemphigus antigen(s) might be present in certain structures of the cell membrane of epithelial cells, which are linked with the initial phases of keratin differentiation.
Histopathology of the Saburral Tongue
Authors: Mascaró J.M. , Ferrando J. , Palou J. , Bombí J.A.
Published: October 2009

Optical microscopical studies were carried out on biopsies from 22 patients affected by saburral tongue (ST). The histopathological pattern consisted of a papillomatous acanthosis covered with a very thick horny layer. Abundant colonies of banal germs were seen in the keratin. There was an alternation of suprapapillary orthokeratosis and interpapillary parakeratosis. Under the keratin layer all the keratinocytes were large and clear with a glycogen-filled cytoplasm. Two specimens, studied with a transmission electron microscope, only showed that the keratinocytes were filled with glycogen. The clear glycogen-filled epithelial cells are common either in normal lingual epithelium or in some pathological conditions. The microscopic field of ST is quite similar to that of the hairy black tongue; but these peculiar clinical aspects of the tongue do not evolve one through the other.
Pemphigus vulgaire et maladie de Kaposi
Authors: Amblard P. , Reymond J.L. , Beani J.C. , Zambelli P.
Published: October 2009

The occurrence of a Kaposi sarcoma during the course of a therapy for a pemphigus vulgaris is reported. Only five such associations have been previously described in the literature. On the other hand, several works have reported simultaneous occurrence of a Kaposi sarcoma with anomalies of the immune or lymphoïd systems (lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, Waldenström disease, mycosis fongoïdes). Hypothesis concerning the Kaposi sarcoma genesis can be suggested on the basis of these observations and remain to be confirmed.
Studies on Fibronectin in the Skin
Authors: Fyrand Ole
Published: October 2009

Fibronectin is a normal glycoprotein in the human organism. It is important in cell/cell and cell/fiber interactions, and demonstrates a specific affinity to collagen. Fibronectin is abundantly present in the skin, mainly in the dermoepidermal junction area, and in the papillary dermis. In lesional skin in dermatitis herpetiformis, the distribution of fibronectin is affected resulting in haziness, gradual degradation and total disintegration, often with the formation of globular droplets. Intraepidermal deposition of fibronectin is found in lesional skin as inter- and intracellular accumulations, mainly in the stratum corneum area. The possible pathophysiological significance of fibronectin is discussed.
Variations of cAMP in Epidermis and Plasma of Male Adult Subjects
Authors: Schwarz W. , Schell H. , Hornstein O.P. , Bernlochner W. , Weghorn C.
Published: October 2009

Over a time span of 66 h (sampling time at every 6th hour ) the cAMP content in superficial skin punch biopsies of 8 male volunteers (medical students aged 20–30 years) and simultaneously the cAMP level in plasma were measured. By means of autocorrelation (2α ≤ 5%) a circadian rhythm in the epidermal cAMP could be demonstrated. Sharp maxima were detected at midnight, whereas minima (not so clearly expressed) were seen at 6 a.m. A variation in plasma cAMP during the day was also established but no significant hint for a circadian rhythm could be found by autocorrelation.
Naevus comedonicus in Homozygous Twins
Authors: Giam Yoke Chin , Ong Beng Hock , Rajan V.S.
Published: October 2009

This is the first case report of bilateral naevus comedonicus seen in a pair of twins in Singapore. 3 other family members were similarly affected. Though both sexes were affected, there were more males affected as compared to females. Recent reports support a familial inheritance. Our pedigree showed an autosomal dominant inheritance. The extensive involvement seen in the twins suggest that they may be homozygous for this condition.
Dermatophytic Flora of Ankara (Turkey)
Authors: Kölemen Fikret
Published: October 2009

During the period July 1, 1976, to December 31, 1978,1,227 dermatophytes were isolated from 2,702 specimens taken from suspected cases of dermatophytosis. The dermatophytic flora was found to consist mainly of anthropophilic species. Trichophyton rubmm was by far the most frequently isolated species. Tinea capitis was caused in 36.1% of all cases by Trichophyton verrucosum, in 13.9% by Microsporum canis and Trichophyton violaceum, in 11.1% by Trichophyton schoenleinii and Trichophyton granulosum, in 5.·5% by Microsporum audouinii and in 2.8% by Trichophyton sulfureum and Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum gypseum. Athlete’s foot was caused in the ratio 1:5.3:16.7 by Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton interdigitale and T. rubrum.
Follow-Up Study of Patients with Contact Dermatitis Caused by Chromates, Nickel, and Cobalt
Authors: Dooms-Goossens A. , Ceuterick A. , Vanmaele N. , Degreef H.
Published: October 2009

The patch test results from 1,000 patients tested with the ICDRG standard series are analyzed for positive reactions to potassium dichromate, nickel sulphate, and cobalt chloride. Nickel appears to be the most common sensitizer, especially among women, although false-negative reactions may occur if it is tested with a 2.5% concentration in yellow petrolatum. Chromate dermatitis is generally of occupational origin among men. It is also quite common among Belgian women, probably because of the widespread use of Javel® (liquid bleach), containing sodium dichromate as a colouring and stabilizing agent. Positive patch test reactions to cobalt are generally accompanied by allergic reactions to nickel or chromate. Its role as a primary allergen, however, must never be overlooked. The relationship between these metals and hand and foot eczema is evaluated. The results of a follow-up questionnaire are given. More than 70% of the patients allergic to chromates or nickel continued to suffer from contact eczema after the diagnosis had been made and therapeutic measures taken.
Study of the Effects of Hydrocortisone and Hydrocortisone 17-Butyrate Ointments on Plasma ACTH Levels and Synacthen Responses in Children with Eczema
Authors: Marten R.H. , Byrne J.P.H. , Peiris S. , Butler J. , Keenan J.
Published: October 2009

This study compares the effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis of two dosage schedules of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and hydrocortisone ointments in 20 children suffering from eczema. Children with moderately extensive eczema received either 30 g of 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate or 30 g of 1% hydrocortisone ointment weekly for 4 weeks without occlusion. Children with extensive eczema received either 60 g of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate or 60 g of hydrocortisone weekly for 4 weeks. All four groups showed some clinical improvement. Although many of the children appeared to have some impairment of adrenal function prior to entering the trial, no further significant depression of the HPA axis as reflected by the plasma ACTH levels and a 30-min Synacthen test was observed during the trial. On the basis of 4 weeks’ treatment, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate did not have a significantly different effect on the HPA axis in children from that of hydrocortisone.
The Phagocytosis of Candida Albicans Blastospores and Germ Tubes by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Scherwitz Christian , Martin Rainer
Published: October 2009

This in vitro study investigates the phagocytosis and killing rate of Candida albicans blastospores and germ tubes by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Suspensions of C. albicans blastospores and germ tubes were incubated for 60 and 150 min with a neutrophil suspension. The rate of phagocytosis was found to be 92 ± 3% for blastospores, but only 9.5 ± 2.5% for germ tubes. The candidacidal activity rate was 29 ± 6% for blastospores, but only 5.5 ± 1.5% for germ tubes. Electronmicroscopically, cytoplasmic and plasma membrane alterations of phagocytized yeast cells lying in phagosomes were observed. Short germ tubes surrounded by a phagosomal membrane were found in neutrophils. Older, longer germ tubes were seen in an extracellular position. Usually, several neutrophils were adjacent to these long tubes. Obviously phagocytosis could not take place owing to the size of the germ tubes. The findings indicate that the transition of the yeast phase to the mycelium phase in a case of Candida infection may be a mechanism enabling the parasite to escape phagocytosis by the host.
Lichenoid Dermatitis due to Chlorpromazine Phototoxicity
Authors: Matsuo I. , Ozawa A. , Nüzuma K. , Ohkido M.
Published: October 2009

A 75-year-old woman had lichenoid and bullous lesions in the sun-exposed areas. She had a history of cerebral embolism and received chlorpromazine (CPZ) until consultation at our clinic. Patch tests with CPZ were negative, but photopatch tests were positive at relatively high concentrations of CPZ and ultraviolet light radiation sites of 310, 340 and 370 nm. Rapid improvement of the lesions occurred upon discontinuation of CPZ and the avoidance of exposure to sunlight. From these results, the patient was considered to show lichenoid eruptions due to CPZ phototoxicity rather than photoallergy.
Coincidence of Vitiligo, Alopecia areata, Onychodystrophy, Localized Scleroderma and Lichen planus
Authors: Brenner Wilhelm , Diem Edgar , Gschnait Fritz
Published: October 2009

The unique coincidence of five dermatological disorders, which occurred in a 39-year-old patient, is discussed. The clinical and laboratory examination did not reveal a common underlying cause. It is hoped this report will stimulate the recognition of other cases and thus aid in determining whether the coincidence of these disorders is a true association of diseases with a common underlying factor or a rare abnormality.
Zur Ultrastruktur der Epidermolysen mit junktionaler Blasenbildung
Authors: Anton-Lamprecht I. , Schnyder U.W.
Published: October 2009

Junctional blister formation is the common feature of four clinically different types of inherited epidermolyses with atrophies but lack of scarring which, as a group, have been termed epidermolysis bullosa atrophicans. The Herlitz type is the most common one among them. Based on a material of 24 cases aged 2 days to 42 years at the time of biopsy, ultrastructural data on the pathomorphogenesis are reported. Blisters form in the dermo-epidermal junction area between the basal lamina and the basal cell plasma membrane. A well-developed basal lamina-anchoring fibrils complex covers the blister floor. Hypoplasia of hemidesmosomes precedes blister formation and is a constant finding in intact junction areas without any other signs of disturbances. It is, therefore, regarded as a causal factor in the pathogenesis. Nail loss as a result of junctional separation within the nail bed, secondary changes in older blisters and formation of slowly healing granulation tissues are also reported. – Early diagnosis is made available by electron microscopy as shown in our early childhood cases. Genes coding for junctional epidermolyses seem to be far more frequent than those coding for the scarring or dystrophic types.