bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivesicular droplets: a cell model system to study compartmentalised biochemical reactions
Authors: Nuti N. , Verboket P. E. , Dittrich P. S.
Published: August 2017

We present a droplet-based microfluidic device for the generation of Multivesicular droplets (MVDs). This novel system serves as a platform to study the compartmentalisation of cells and as a scaffold for the construction of artificial cell/protocell models.
RNA-sequencing dissects the transcriptome of polyploid cancer cells that are resistant to combined treatments of cisplatin with paclitaxel and docetaxel
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Lu Fei , Lan Rongfeng
Published: August 2017

RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may contribute to drug resistance in cancer cells treated with combined treatments of cisplatin with paclitaxel and docetaxel.
Graphite particles induce ROS formation in cell free systems and human cells
Authors: Zerbi G. , Barbon A. , Bengalli R. , Lucotti A. , Catelani T. , Tampieri F. , Gualtieri M. , D'Arienzo M. , Morazzoni F. , Camatini M.
Published: August 2017

The edges of carbonaceous graphitic particles, naked from any inorganic and/or organic compounds can promote ROS formation in cell free systems and in human cells.
Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of a phenanthrodithiophene (fused-bibenzo[c]thiophene) derivative
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Enoki Toshiaki , Aoyama Satoshi , Ohshita Joji
Published: August 2017

A fused-bibenzo[c]thiophene, 2,9-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)phenanthro[9,8-bc:10,1-b′c′]dithiophene (PHDT-Si), has been designed and developed as a new expanded π-conjugation skeleton.
One-flask synthesis of pyrazolone thioethers involving catalyzed and uncatalyzed thioetherification pathways of pyrazolones
Authors: Mukherjee Prasun , Das Asish R.
Published: August 2017

One-pot thioetherification of pyrazolones through cross-coupling as well as an aromatic SN2 pathway using elemental sulfur as the sulfur source.
Photoswitchable chromic behavior of conjugated polymer films for reversible patterning and construction of a logic gate
Authors: Kim Daigeun , Kim Jongho , Lee Taek Seung
Published: August 2017

Photoswitchable fluorescent films were constructed using a conjugated polymer as a fluorescence-color changeable unit and a photochromic molecule as a phototriggered, selectively energy-accepting component.
Three-dimensional crystal structure of novel aluminophosphate PST-5 solved using a powder charge flipping method
Authors: Chang Shuai , Jang Hoi-Gu , Lee Kwan-Young , Cho Sung June
Published: August 2017

Novel PST-5 which resists structure solution has been solved using a powder charge flipping method.
A facile molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on graphene: application to the selective determination of thiamethoxam in grain
Authors: Xie Tianjiao , Zhang Min , Chen Pan , Zhao Haitian , Yang Xin , Yao Lei , Zhang Hua , Dong Aijun , Wang Jing , Wang Zhenyu
Published: August 2017

In this study, we report a facile method for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer based graphene for the electrochemical detection of thiamethoxam residue.
Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Authors: Li Yadong , Yang Desong , Cui Jianghu
Published: August 2017

Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an agricultural antibacterial agent for crop disease management.
Nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure based gas sensor for acetone and formaldehyde detection
Authors: Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Murali G. , Kim Tae-Hyung , Kim Jee Hun , Lim Young Jin , Kim Byoung-Suhk , Sahay P. P. , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2017

Here, we demonstrated the formation of active sites O2− and O− on the surface of nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure, gas sensing mechanisms and fluctuations in potential barrier height before and after insertion of acetone and formaldehyde.
Transcriptomic analysis and driver mutant prioritization for differentially expressed genes from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with high glucose tolerance generated by UV irradiation
Authors: Chen Ying , Lu Zhilong , Chen Dong , Wei Yutuo , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Jun , Guan Ni , Lu Qi , Wu Renzhi , Huang Ribo
Published: August 2017

Driver mutations of aSaccharomyces cerevisiaemutant phenotype strain with high sugar tolerance were sought by the PheNetic network.
Pressure-induced changes in the electronic structure and enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of SnS2: a first principles study
Authors: Javed Y. , Rafiq M. A. , Ahmed Nisar
Published: August 2017

Hydrostatic pressure reduces the band gap and increases the ZT value of SnS2.
E/Z isomerization effects on aggregation-enhanced emission of tetraphenylethene derivatives assisted by host–guest recognition
Authors: Li Lijie , He Lipeng , Liu Xiaoning , Liu Haomin , Hu Linlin , Guo Pingxia , Bu Weifeng
Published: August 2017

Pure E and Z stereoisomers of tetraphenylethene derivatives functionalized with dibenzylamine groups were isolated. Both supramolecular polymerization and photophysical changes were more significant in the case of the former than in the latter.
First-principles study on the electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of ABO3 (A = La,Sr, B = Fe,Co) perovskites
Authors: Jia Ting , Zeng Zhi , Lin H. Q. , Duan Yuhua , Ohodnicki Paul
Published: August 2017

The electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of ABO3 (A = La,Sr, B = Fe,Co) perovskites are investigated using first-principles calculations.
Molecular recognition with cyclodextrin polymer: a novel method for removing sulfides efficiently
Authors: Li Linlin , Duan Zunbin , Chen Jinshe , Zhou Yulu , Zhu Lijun , Xiang Yuzhi , Xia Daohong
Published: August 2017

A series of cyclodextrin polymers (CDPs) were synthesized and they were used for removing different sulfides by molecular recognition. It's showed that β-CDP has a more suitable cavity size for removing DBT.
Synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazinedione derivatives bearing three-dimensional turbine-type structures via domino reaction of phthalhydrazide and vinylketones
Authors: Xu Ya-Lun , Fu Ji-Ya , Liu Chun-Hui , Ding Tao
Published: August 2017

A domino reaction of phthalhydrazide and vinylketone in the presence of phosphotungstic acid was established, and 3D turbine-type tetrasubstituted 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazinedione derivatives were conveniently obtained with up to 95% yield.
Gap maximum of graphene nanoflakes: a first-principles study combined with the Monte Carlo tree search method
Authors: Cao Zhi-Peng , Zhao Yu-Jun , Liao Ji-Hai , Yang Xiao-Bao
Published: August 2017

The energy gap of graphene nanoflakes is important for their potential application in nano-devices; however, it is still a challenge to perform a systemic search of systems with large gaps due to the presence of numerous candidates.
A dodecanethiol-functionalized Ag nanoparticle-modified ITO anode for efficient performance of organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Sundari Ganapathy Abirama , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Jeeva Palanivel , Panimozhi Sekar
Published: August 2017

Increment of current efficiency with DT-Ag NPs coated devices was strongly related to energy transfer between radiated light generated from CBP:Ir(mpidmb)2(acac) emissive layer and LSPR excited by DT-Ag NPs layer.
Tailoring silica–rubber interactions by interface modifiers with multiple functional groups
Authors: Sun Zheng , Huang Qiang , Zhang Liqun , Wang Youzhi , Wu Youping
Published: August 2017

Tailoring silica–rubber interactions using TMPMP (TV0) and single (TV1), double (TV2) and triple (TV3) VTES modified TMPMP.
Mechanistic investigation of a Ru-catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination reaction for a batch or continuous process scale-up: an industrial perspective
Authors: Changi Shujauddin M. , Yokozawa Tohru , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Nakajima Hikaru , Embry Matthew C. , Vaid Radhe , Luciani Carla V. , Wong Sze-Wing , Johnson Martin , Moher Eric D.
Published: August 2017

Scale-up of a pharmaceutical process step via an experimental and model driven approach.
A new route to N-aromatic heterocycles from the hydrogenation of diesters in the presence of anilines
Authors: Shi Yiping , Kamer Paul C. J. , Cole-Hamilton David J. , Harvie Michelle , Baxter Emma F. , Lim Kate J. C. , Pogorzelec Peter
Published: August 2017

The hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acids and their esters in the presence of anilines provides a new synthesis of heterocycles.
Near-infrared luminescent metallacrowns for combined in vitro cell fixation and counter staining
Authors: Martinić Ivana , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Nguyen Tu N. , Foucher Frédéric , Gosset David , Westall Frances , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Petoud Stéphane
Published: August 2017

Combined cell fixation and near-infrared counter staining was achieved using LnIII/ZnII MCs with pyrazinehydroxamic acid upon illumination with UV-A light.
Process exploration and assessment for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether from carbon dioxide and water
Authors: Hankin A. , Shah N.
Published: August 2017

Direct utilisation of CO2is shown to be no less thermodynamically favourable than CO in the production of dimethyl ether.
Non-affine lattice dynamics of defective fcc crystals
Authors: Krausser Johannes , Milkus Rico , Zaccone Alessio
Published: August 2017

The mechanical, thermal and vibrational properties of defective crystals are important in many different contexts, from metallurgy and solid-state physics to, more recently, soft matter and colloidal physics.
Towards a rational morphology control of frozen copolymer aggregates
Authors: Jennings Laurence , Waton Gilles , Schosseler François , Mendes Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Novel insights into the formation of frozen copolymer aggregates through emulsion evaporation explain how the evaporation rate tunes their morphology.
Chiral amplification of disodium cromoglycate chromonics induced by a codeine derivative
Authors: Berride F. , Troche-Pesqueira E. , Feio G. , Cabrita E. J. , Sierra T. , Navarro-Vázquez A. , Cid M. M.
Published: August 2017

Chromonic liquid crystals (CLC) are lyotropic phases formed by discotic mesogens in water.
Effective potentials induced by self-assembly of patchy particles
Authors: García Nicolás Ariel , Gnan Nicoletta , Zaccarelli Emanuela
Published: August 2017

Effective colloid–colloid interactions can be tailored through the addition of a complex cosolute.
A formamidinium–methylammonium lead iodide perovskite single crystal exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic properties and long-term stability
Authors: Li Wen-Guang , Rao Hua-Shang , Chen Bai-Xue , Wang Xu-Dong , Kuang Dai-Bin
Published: August 2017

Mixed cation formamidinium–methylammonium perovskite alloy single crystal outstrips the sole cation single crystal in both long-term stability and optoelectronic properties.
Recent progress in nanostructured silver sulfide: from synthesis and nonstoichiometry to properties
Authors: Sadovnikov S. I. , Gusev A. I.
Published: August 2017

This review is focused on recent progress in the synthesis and design of different forms of nanostructured silver sulfide from nanopowders to colloidal solutions, quantum dots and heteronanostructures.
High throughput fabrication of mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells
Authors: Baker Jenny , Hooper Katherine , Meroni Simone , Pockett Adam , McGettrick James , Wei Zhengfei , Escalante Renán , Oskam Gerko , Carnie Matthew , Watson Trystan
Published: August 2017

Near infrared sintering in less than 25 seconds for enhanced commercial viability of screen printed perovskite solar cells.
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles supported on functionalized nanosilica using deep eutectic solvent for an electrochemical enzymatic glucose biosensor
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan Siva , Guadalupe-Ferreira García M. , Prokhorov E. , Estevez-González M. , Pérez Ramiro , Esparza Rodrigo , Meyyappan M.
Published: August 2017

Synthesis of AuNPs supported on nanosilica, mediated by deep eutectic solvent (DES), for efficient immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and enhanced direct electron transfer in an enzymatic biosensor.
Co-deposition towards mussel-inspired antifouling and antibacterial membranes by using zwitterionic polymers and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Xie Yi , Tang Chengqiang , Wang Zehao , Xu Yuanting , Zhao Weifeng , Sun Shudong , Zhao Changsheng
Published: August 2017

Bacterial attachment and the subsequent colonization on the surfaces of bio-materials usually result in biofilm formation, and thus lead to implant failure, inflammation and so on.
Influence of ligand shell ordering on dimensional confinement of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanoplatelets
Authors: Cho Junsang , Jin Ho , Sellers Diane G. , Watson David F. , Son Dong Hee , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: August 2017

The extent of ordering of a ligand shell dictates the dimensions of colloidally grown CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets.
Exploring the effects of interfacial carrier transport layers on device performance and optoelectronic properties of planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Khadka Dhruba B. , Shirai Yasuhiro , Yanagida Masatoshi , Ryan James W. , Miyano Kenjiro
Published: August 2017

The performance of perovskite device was found to be influenced by the interface quality and bulk defect activities induced in perovskite grown on HTL during device fabrication.
Room-temperature synthesis and optimized photoluminescence of a novel red phosphor NaKSnF6:Mn4+for application in warm WLEDs
Authors: Xi Luqing , Pan Yuexiao , Zhu Mengmeng , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: August 2017

A novel red fluoride phosphor NKSF:Mn was obtained at room temperature by controlling the ratio of NaF to KF. The chromaticity coordinates of phosphor NKSF:Mn are very close to the CIE coordinates of ideal red ascribed to the contribution of particularly strong zero-phonon lines.
A novel photo- and hydrochromic europium metal–organic framework with good anion sensing properties
Authors: Zhang Chenghui , Sun Libo , Yan Yan , Shi Huaizhong , Wang Bolun , Liang Zhiqiang , Li Jiyang
Published: August 2017

A new multifunctional Eu-MOF based on a cationic viologen ligand has been synthesized. It exhibits interesting photochromism, hydrochromism and sensing ability for detection of toxic Cr2O72− and CrO42− anions.
Ultrafast photoresponse organic phototransistors based on pyrimido[4,5-g]quinazoline-4,9-dione polymer
Authors: Quinn Jesse T. E. , Haider Fezza , Patel Haritosh , Khan Daid A. , Wang Zhi Yuan , Li Yuning
Published: August 2017

A pyrimido[4,5-g]quinazoline-4,9-dione (PQ) based polymer, PPQ2T-BT-24, is used as a photosensitive and charge transport semiconductor for ultrafast organic phototransistors (OPTs).
The role of mass spectrometry analysis in bacterial effector characterization
Authors: Scott Nichollas E. , Hartland Elizabeth L.
Published: August 2017

Many secreted bacterial effector proteins play a critical role in host–pathogen interactions by mediating a variety of post-translational modifications, some of which do not occur natively within the eukaryotic proteome. The characterization of bacterial effector protein activity remains an important step to understanding the subversion of host cell biology during pathogen infection and although molecular biology and immunochemistry remain critical tools for gaining insights into bacterial effector functions, increasingly mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomic approaches are also playing an indispensable role. The focus of this editorial is to highlight the strengths of specific MS approaches and their utility for the characterization of bacterial effector activity. With the capability of new generation MS instrumentation, MS-based technologies can provide information that is inaccessible using traditional molecular or immunochemical approaches.
Auditory Training for Adults Who Have Hearing Loss: A Comparison of Spaced Versus Massed Practice Schedules
Authors: Tye-Murray Nancy , Spehar Brent , Barcroft Joe , Sommers Mitchell
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The spacing effect in human memory research refers to situations in which people learn items better when they study items in spaced intervals rather than massed intervals. This investigation was conducted to compare the efficacy of meaning-oriented auditory training when administered with a spaced versus massed practice schedule.

Method

Forty-seven adult hearing aid users received 16 hr of auditory training. Participants in a spaced group (mean age = 64.6 years,
SD
= 14.7) trained twice per week, and participants in a massed group (mean age = 69.6 years,
SD
= 17.5) trained for 5 consecutive days each week. Participants completed speech perception tests before training, immediately following training, and then 3 months later. In line with transfer appropriate processing theory, tests assessed both trained tasks and an untrained task.

Results

Auditory training improved the speech recognition performance of participants in both groups. Benefits were maintained for 3 months. No effect of practice schedule was found on overall benefits achieved, on retention of benefits, nor on generalizability of benefits to nontrained tasks.

Conclusion

The lack of spacing effect in otherwise effective auditory training suggests that perceptual learning may be subject to different influences than are other types of learning, such as vocabulary learning. Hence, clinicians might have latitude in recommending training schedules to accommodate patients' schedules.
Building Creative and Collaborative Toolkits for Graduate Student Funding Pursuits in CSD
Authors: Anjum Javad , Nagaraj Naveen
Published: August 2017

The main theme of this brief tutorial is to assist Communication Sciences and Disorders graduate students and faculty mentors in their independent and collective pursuits of funding opportunities. Readers can make use of the proposed strategies to build creative and collaborative funding toolkits and adopt them to suit their goals of identifying and applying to a wide range of graduate student funding opportunities. Special emphasis will be placed on ways of effectively utilizing the array of cloud-sharing and fund-searching tools to facilitate the fund-seeking process. A primer on drafting successful funding applications and ways of evaluating the integrity of resources will be discussed as well.
Technology Training in Speech-Language Pathology: A Focus on Tablets and Apps
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey , Dukhovny Elena
Published: August 2017

Use of tablet computers has become ubiquitous in speech-language pathology assessment and intervention. With hundreds of applications of variable quality available, clinical training programs have the added responsibility of teaching students systematic, critical-thought-driven approaches to technology selection and evaluation. The purpose of this article is two-pronged: (1) we describe a systematic approach to tablet/app implementation piloted within the Norma S. and Ray R. Rees Speech, Language, and Hearing Clinic at California State University, East Bay and, (2) we present the results of a survey that identifies current practices in app selection in other university clinics.
Viability of Online Learning for Ensuring Basic Skills in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Krimm Hannah , Schuele Melanie C. , Brame Cynthia
Published: August 2017

Students begin graduate school with a wide range of knowledge and disparate levels of skill established in undergraduate education and/or prerequisite courses. This study evaluated an online learning module for ensuring basic phonetic transcription knowledge and skill in matriculating graduate students. Students' knowledge of International Phonetic Alphabet symbols and their skill transcribing familiar and unfamiliar words improved after completing module activities, and gains maintained in the absence of module activities. Knowledge and skill discrepancies diminished between students who had previously taken a phonetics class and students who had not. Online learning may be a viable solution for ensuring foundational knowledge in speech-language pathology graduate students.
Multi‐modal imaging, model‐based tracking, and mixed reality visualisation for orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Lee Sing Chun , Fuerst Bernhard , Tateno Keisuke , Johnson Alex , Fotouhi Javad , Osgood Greg , Tombari Federico , Navab Nassir
Published: August 2017

Orthopaedic surgeons are still following the decades old workflow of using dozens of two‐dimensional fluoroscopic images to drill through complex 3D structures, e.g. pelvis. This Letter presents a mixed reality support system, which incorporates multi‐modal data fusion and model‐based surgical tool tracking for creating a mixed reality environment supporting screw placement in orthopaedic surgery. A red–green–blue–depth camera is rigidly attached to a mobile C‐arm and is calibrated to the cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging space via iterative closest point algorithm. This allows real‐time automatic fusion of reconstructed surface and/or 3D point clouds and synthetic fluoroscopic images obtained through CBCT imaging. An adapted 3D model‐based tracking algorithm with automatic tool segmentation allows for tracking of the surgical tools occluded by hand. This proposed interactive 3D mixed reality environment provides an intuitive understanding of the surgical site and supports surgeons in quickly localising the entry point and orienting the surgical tool during screw placement. The authors validate the augmentation by measuring target registration error and also evaluate the tracking accuracy in the presence of partial occlusion.
Green communication via cooperative protocols using message‐passing decoder over additive white Gaussian noise channels
Authors: Farès Haïfa , Vrigneau Baptiste , Berder Olivier , Scalart Pascal
Published: August 2017

In wireless networks, the cooperative diversity is an implicit form of space diversity commonly used when other conventional transmit diversity methods might not be practical. It was largely proved that cooperative transmission, where a source and a relay cooperate to communicate with a unique destination, is power‐efficient compared to the point‐to‐point transmission. However, the model considered when stating this conclusion is counting only the transmission power consumption. In this study, the authors study the effect of taking into account not only the transmission power at each transmission node but also the processing power consumed in each reception node on the overall end‐to‐end performance. They formulate the optimisation problem aiming to minimise the total power consumption in order to achieve a target performance constraint, where the total power consumption stands for the sum of the transmission power and the processing power consumed in the decoding (neglecting other forms of power consumption). The authors' analysis relies on the characterisation of an information‐theoretic bound on the decoding power of any modern code to achieve a specified bit error probability while operating at a certain gap from the capacity. As this bound is built on the sphere‐packing analysis, this study focuses on message‐passing decoders. Using this theoretical framework, the improvement of well‐known cooperative protocols over the original non‐cooperative point‐to‐point system system is reinvestigated in terms of total power consumption. Thanks to this theoretical framework, a new classification of the studied cooperative protocols is given revealing some surprising conclusions. In particular, the selective decode‐and‐forward protocol is no more constantly preferred to its simpler alternative, i.e. the decode‐and‐forward protocol.
Optimal and simple near optimal non‐coherent detection in amplify‐and‐forward two‐way relaying over fast fading channels
Authors: Masjedi Maryam , Doost‐Hoseini Ali Mohamad , Gazor Saeed
Published: August 2017

Two‐way relaying tends to become a celebrated technique in communication networks because of its unique characteristic in establishing a two‐step bilateral information exchange mechanism between users' pairs, as well as, arranging a virtual spatial diversity scenario. In this paper, two‐way relaying under amplify‐and‐forward strategy, and fast Rayleigh fading environment is considered. We investigate two distinct cases in which the relay retransmits users' superposed signals, either directly or after complex conjugation in two‐ or three‐phase modalities. We derive the optimal detection rule which is inherently computational complex. Two closed‐form suboptimal structures are proposed to circumvent this formidable problem. In the first form, we incorporate the destination noise into the relay counterpart, and assume Gaussian conditional distribution for the received signal in the latter. The first detector is designed using less stringent approximation and consequently has a better performance, whereas the second one benefits from a very low computational complexity and simple implementation and is more suitable for applications with strict computational and energy constraints such as sensor networks. Furthermore, we consider the imperfect self‐channel information case and extend the corresponding results. Bit error rate analyses and accompanying computer simulations show an improvement of about 5 dB over existing methods.
A low complexity detector for downlink SCMA systems
Authors: Tian Lining , Zhao Minjian , Zhong Jie , Xiao Pei , Wen Lei
Published: August 2017

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a novel non‐orthogonal multiple access scheme for 5G systems, in which the logarithm domain message passing algorithm (Log‐MPA) is applied at the receiver to achieve near‐optimum performance. However, the computational complexity of Log‐MPA detector is still a big challenge for practical implementation, especially for energy‐sensitive user equipments in the downlink scenario. A region‐restricted detector with an improved Log‐MPA (RRL detector) is proposed for downlink SCMA systems, in which the complexity is reduced from two perspectives. To avoid unnecessary calculations when searching the superposition constellation exhaustively, the proposed RRL detector updates the function nodes only within a restricted search region. While constellation points outside the search region are neglected, the performance is well maintained which is verified by simulations. Besides, the original Log‐MPA heavily relies on exponential operations, resulting in high computational complexity. To solve this problem, an improved Log‐MPA is also put forward in this study to make a better compromise between complexity and performance. Simulation results show that the complexity of the RRL detector is reduced considerably while the bit error rate performance degrades unnoticeably.
Second‐order sliding mode observers for fault reconstruction in power networks
Authors: Mellucci Chiara , Menon Prathyush P. , Edwards Christopher , Ferrara Antonella
Published: August 2017

This study proposes a two‐sliding mode (SM) observer to detect and reconstruct a certain class of load altering faults in a power network. The observer design is based on the recently proposed multivariable super‐twisting structure. The IEEE benchmark power networks used to test the scheme are modelled as a semi‐explicit class of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). For the purpose of developing the detection scheme, only the phase angles of the generators are measured, which represent a subset of the differential states of the DAEs. The objective is to estimate the differential states (the phase angles and frequencies of the generators), the algebraic states (the phase angles of the load bus tensions) and to reconstruct a class of load altering faults affecting the network. The proposed observer is assessed in simulation on two IEEE benchmarks: the 9‐bus and 14‐bus networks, so as to verify its capability to correctly estimate the differential and algebraic states of the network in spite of its complexity and uncertainty. Moreover, the capability of the proposed scheme to detect the presence of a load altering fault, to exactly identify its position in the network, and to precisely reconstruct the shape of the fault itself is shown and discussed.
Fixed‐time consensus tracking control for second‐order multi‐agent systems with bounded input uncertainties via NFFTSM
Authors: Huang Yi , Jia Yingmin
Published: August 2017

This paper is devoted to the fixed‐time consensus tracking control for second‐order multi‐agent systems with bounded input uncertainties under a weighted directed topology. Firstly, a novel non‐singular fixed‐time fast terminal sliding mode (NFFTSM) surface with bounded convergence time in regardless of the initial states is designed, and the explicit expression of the settling time is provided. Fair and unprejudiced comparisons show that the proposed NFFTSM has faster convergence performance than most typical terminal sliding modes in the existed results. Subsequently, by employing the proposed NFFTSM, a non‐singular fixed‐time distributed control protocol for second‐order multi‐agent systems is designed, which only requires one‐hop information of the neighbours without the global topology information and has the advantage of fast convergence performance both in the reaching phase and sliding phase. Rigorous proofs show that the fixed‐time consensus tracking control for second‐order multi‐agent systems can be guaranteed by the proposed distributed control protocol. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Finite‐time tracking control for pneumatic servo system via extended state observer
Authors: Zhao Ling , Zhang Bin , Yang Hongjiu , Wang Yingjie
Published: August 2017

In this study, a non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode finite‐time tracking control strategy is presented to improve response rapidity and control precision of a pneumatic servo system via an extended state observer. The extended state observer is designed to estimate total disturbances of the system. Moreover, the proposed controller is established to ensure good performances of the closed‐loop system. In addition, both sufficiently small observation error and stabilisation of the closed‐loop system are proved in finite time. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Line start permanent magnet motors with double‐barrier configuration for magnet conservation and performance improvement
Authors: Sarani Esmaeil , Vaez‐Zadeh Sadegh
Published: August 2017

This study proposes a new configuration for line start permanent magnet (PM) motors with low consumption of PM material, providing improved performance. The configuration is developed by analysing PM flux density distribution in the machine airgap and focusing on the d‐axis armature reaction flux path and also different magnetisation types in the PM poles. It features double flux barriers for each rotor pole to facilitate near sinusoidal flux density distribution. Main characteristics of a motor with the proposed configuration are analysed by finite element method (FEM) and compared with the characteristics of a motor with the conventional configuration. Finally, the motor is built and tested. The FEM and experimental results verify the advantages of the proposed configuration. The results show that the required PM material reduces by one‐third, while desirable performance is provided. The machine is capable of working with delta connection causing negligible circulating current and low torque ripples.
A compositive control method of low‐voltage ride through for PMSG‐based wind turbine generator system
Authors: Xing Pengxiang , Fu Lijun , Wang Gang , Wang Yi , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2017

Converting the surplus power into rotor kinetic energy by changing the control functions of machine side converter (MSC) and grid side converter (GSC) is considered to be an efficient way for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to accomplish low‐voltage ride through (LVRT) without additional hardware components. However, because of the time delay of grid fault detection and the control system inertia, the dc‐link capacitor may still be subjected to overvoltage in the early tens of milliseconds after a grid fault happens. This study proposes a compositive control method of LVRT for PMSG‐based WTGS, in which the surplus power during LVRT is converted into rotor kinetic energy by controlling the electrical power of the PMSG according to the grid‐connected power of the GSC, and a crowbar circuit is reserved to consume the surplus power before MSC reacts to the grid fault. The proposed method does not change the control functions of MSC and GSC, and the related control parameters resetting can be avoid. Besides, it can also provide reactive power support to assist the grid voltage recovery. Simulations and experiments proved the proposed method to be feasible and effective.
Feasibility of fast restoration of power systems by micro‐grids
Authors: Zhao Zhiqi , Ooi Boon‐Teck
Published: August 2017

This study shows that with fast and flexible power electronic converter interfaces, micro‐grids can quickly re‐energise blacked‐out transmission lines without overvoltage. After the transmission lines are re‐energised, micro‐grids can speed up (i) the reconnections of generators and loads; (ii) the re‐synchronisation of severed transmission line sections back to the original grid. Micro‐grids have active power to energise auxiliary motors of large thermal plants in black start. Faster restoration is limited by steam‐turbine plants because they cannot be speeded up beyond thermodynamic constraints.
Mild and Efficient Vicinal Dibromination of Olefins Mediated by Aqueous Ammonium Fluoride
Authors: Shing Tony , Yeung Ying-Yeung , Ng Wing
Published: August 2017

A mild and efficient vicinal dibromination of olefins has been developed by using saturated aqueous ammonium fluoride solution as the promoter. Inexpensive and commercially available N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was used as the brominating reagent. The corresponding vicinal dibromoalkanes could be obtained in good to excellent yields.
Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Umpolung Allylation of N-Fluor­enyl Imines to Prepare 1,4-Disubstituted Homoallylic Amines
Authors: Niu Dawen , Wan Liqiang , Tian Lan , Liu Jie
Published: August 2017

The discovery and development of an Ir-catalyzed asymmetric umpolung allylation of imines is discussed here. This method produces 1,4-disubstituted homoallylic amines, a class of compounds that are difficult to access by conventional methods. This reaction proceeds through a sequence involving an allylation and a 2-aza-Cope rearrangement event. The unique mechanistic feature of this reaction could be the reason for its broad substrate scope. The products of this reaction are useful intermediates for various bioactive and natural products. Besides its immediate synthetic utility, we expect this transformation to inspire the development of other umpolung functionalizations of imines and Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Reaction Discovery

3 Substrate Scope

4 Conclusion
Chemoselective Synthesis of N-(Aminoalkyl/amidino)phenyl Naphthalene-1-carboxamides and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamides and Their Anticoagulant Screening
Authors: Ma Eunsook , Nguyen Thi
Published: August 2017

N-[(Aminoalkyl)phenyl]-1-naphthamides and N-[(amino­alkyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamides were selectively synthesized from the corresponding cyanonaphthamides by catalytic hydrogenation. N-(Amidinophenyl)-1-naphthalenecarbox­amides and N-(amidinophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamides were chemoselectively obtained from the corresponding O-acetylamidoximes or amidoximes, respectively, by catalytic hydrogenation. The products were screened for their anticoagulant effects in human plasma, as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time and the prothrombin time in vitro. Amidines and 5,6,7,8-tetra­hydronaphthamides were more active than aminoalkyl compounds and naphthamides.
Consecutive Aminolithiation–Carbolithiation of a Linear Aminoalkene Bearing Terminal Vinyl Sulfide Moiety to Give Hydro­indolizine
Authors: Yamamoto Yasutomo , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Kaneshige Atsunori , Hashimoto Aiko , Kaibe Sachiho , Miyawaki Akari , Yamada Ken-ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: August 2017

Aminolithiation–carbolithiation tandem cyclization of an aminoalkene bearing vinyl sulfide moiety proceeded smoothly using stoichiometric amounts of BuLi. Both aminolithiation and carbo­lithiation were in equilibrium at room temperature, and the stereochemistry of the cyclization was thermodynamically controlled. At –78 °C the reaction was kinetically controlled and the cyclized product, 1,2-disubstituted octahydroindolizine, was obtained with good dia­stereoselectivity.
Polyfluorophenyl Ester-Terminated Homobifunctional Cross-Linkers for Protein Conjugation
Authors: Liu Zheng , Guo Jun , Wang Jian , Zhang Ru-Yan , Wang Ya-Cong , Chen Xiang-Zhao , Yin Xu-Guang , Du Jing-Jing , Lei Ze , Xin Ling-Ming , Gao Xiao-Fei
Published: August 2017

Along with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, p-nitrophenyl, and phenylseleno esters, tetra- and penta-fluorophenyl esters were comparatively evaluated in term of their reactivity and hydrolytic stability. Their homobifunctional cross-linkers were prepared to conjugate proteins with small molecules, including carbohydrates, fluorescent dyes, and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. The conjugations proceeded under mild conditions, affording the corresponding protein conjugates with good efficiency.
Using a Guided Machine Learning Ensemble Model to Predict Discharge Disposition following Meningioma Resection
Authors: Muhlestein Whitney , Akagi Dallin , Kallos Justiss , Morone Peter , Weaver Kyle , Thompson Reid , Chambless Lola
Published: August 2017

Objective Machine learning (ML) algorithms are powerful tools for predicting patient outcomes. This study pilots a novel approach to algorithm selection and model creation using prediction of discharge disposition following meningioma resection as a proof of concept.

Materials and Methods A diversity of ML algorithms were trained on a single-institution database of meningioma patients to predict discharge disposition. Algorithms were ranked by predictive power and top performers were combined to create an ensemble model. The final ensemble was internally validated on never-before-seen data to demonstrate generalizability. The predictive power of the ensemble was compared with a logistic regression. Further analyses were performed to identify how important variables impact the ensemble.

Results Our ensemble model predicted disposition significantly better than a logistic regression (area under the curve of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, p = 0.01). Tumor size, presentation at the emergency department, body mass index, convexity location, and preoperative motor deficit most strongly influence the model, though the independent impact of individual variables is nuanced.

Conclusion Using a novel ML technique, we built a guided ML ensemble model that predicts discharge destination following meningioma resection with greater predictive power than a logistic regression, and that provides greater clinical insight than a univariate analysis. These techniques can be extended to predict many other patient outcomes of interest.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Eseonu Chikezie , ReFaey Karim , Garcia Oscar , Salvatori Roberto , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo
Published: August 2017

Objective This study presents a comparative analysis of cost efficacy between the microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches, evaluating neurological outcome, extent of resection (EOR), and inpatient hospital costs.

Design This study was a retrospective chart review.

Setting This study was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Participants The study group consisted of 68 patients with transsphenoidal surgeries between January 2007 and January 2014.

Main Outcome Measures Two-sample t-tests and Pearson's chi-square test evaluated inpatient costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), volumetric EOR, and neurological outcomes.

Results Total inpatient costs per patient was $22,853 in the microscopic group and less ($19,736) in the endoscopic group (p = 0.049). Operating room costs were $5,974 in the microscopic group and lower in the endoscopic group ($5,045; p = 0.038). Operative time was 203.6 minutes in the microscopic group and 166.3 minutes in the endoscopic group (p = 0.032). The QALY score, length of hospital stay, and postoperative outcomes were found to be similar between the two cohorts. Multivariate linear regression modeling suggested that length of stay (p < 0.001) and operative time (p = 0.008) were important factors that influenced total inpatient costs following transsphenoidal surgery.

Conclusion This study shows that transsphenoidal surgery is more cost effective with the endoscopic approach than with the microscopic approach and depends on efficiency in the operating room as well as reduction in the length of hospitalization.
Variable Bone Density of Scaphoid: Importance of Subchondral Screw Placement
Authors: Swanstrom Morgan , Morse Kyle , Lipman Joseph , Hearns Krystle , Carlson Michelle
Published: August 2017

Background Ideal internal fixation of the scaphoid relies on adequate bone stock for screw purchase; so, knowledge of regional bone density of the scaphoid is crucial.

Questions/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate regional variations in scaphoid bone density.

Materials and Methods Three-dimensional CT models of fractured scaphoids were created and sectioned into proximal/distal segments and then into quadrants (volar/dorsal/radial/ulnar). Concentric shells in the proximal and distal pole were constructed in 2-mm increments moving from exterior to interior. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU).

Results Bone density of the distal scaphoid (453.2 ± 70.8 HU) was less than the proximal scaphoid (619.8 ± 124.2 HU). There was no difference in bone density between the four quadrants in either pole. In both the poles, the first subchondral shell was the densest. In both the proximal and distal poles, bone density decreased significantly in all three deeper shells.

Conclusion The proximal scaphoid had a greater density than the distal scaphoid. Within the poles, there was no difference in bone density between the quadrants. The subchondral 2-mm shell had the greatest density. Bone density dropped off significantly between the first and second shell in both the proximal and distal scaphoids.

Clinical Relevance In scaphoid fracture ORIF, optimal screw placement engages the subchondral 2-mm shell, especially in the distal pole, which has an overall lower bone density, and the second shell has only two-third the density of the first shell.
Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren's Disease in the Palm
Authors: Flynn Darren , Stothard John , Mansha Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Purpose Percutaneous needle fasciotomy is performed in the authors' department to treat Dupuytren's contracture at metacarpophalangeal joints. This study aimed to establish its safety and efficacy, compared with standard fasciectomy.

Materials and Methods All patients who had this procedure performed over the study period were sent the validated British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) postal questionnaire assessing surgical outcome. Hand function and disability were assessed using the Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM).

Results Statistically significant improvement was achieved in Dupuytren's contracture at the mean follow-up of 15 months (SD +/− 10). Approximately 97% of the fingers fully corrected at surgery remain straight. Recurrence rate was 2.2% among fully corrected fingers. However, 2 (40%) out of 5 partially corrected fingers had recurrence. No complication of any kind was noted and no antibiotics used. Hand function was measured using PEM score correlated well with the residual contracture.

Conclusion Percutaneous needle fasciotomy is safe, effective, has very low complication rates, and yields comparable results to standard fasciectomy.
Early Macrophage Activation in Preterm Newborns and Respiratory Disease
Authors: Milan Anna , Priante Elena , Nardo Daniel , Tosato Francesca , Pantano Giorgia , Baraldi Eugenio , Zaramella Patrizia
Published: August 2017

Monocyte-macrophages have a role in host defense and tissue remodeling. Classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages from preterm newborns are analyzed, and the role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is evaluated. Observational study was conducted on the blood samples (BSs) and tracheal aspirates (TAs) collected at 48 to 72 hours of life in preterm newborns. Flow-cytometry was performed to identify monocytes and M1 or M2. Prenatal factors, gestational age, birth weight, acute RDS and BPD were assessed and related to the M1 and M2 levels and M2/M1. One hundred nine subjects were included, and 100 were followed up. M1 and M2 increase and decrease, respectively, according to the gestational age and birth weight. Higher M2 and lower M1 levels in TAs were found after maternal chorioamnionitis. BPD patients have low M1 with high M2 in blood samples (BSs), as well as in tracheal aspirates (TAs). No relation was found between activation pattern and prenatal variables or the RDS grade. The correlation between gestational age or birth weight and M1 could reflect a more mature macrophage system, capable to push undifferentiated macrophages toward the classical pathway. We speculate that adequate early classical macrophage activation could be crucial to protect lungs from post-natal injuries, preventing the development of BPD.
Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in patients under antithromboembolic therapy
Authors: Abdel Samie Ahmed , Dette Stephan , Voehringer Ulrich , Sun Rui , Theilmann Lorenz
Published: August 2017

Background Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) carries several risks (e. g., pancreatitis and bleeding). The risk of bleeding is increased in patients with a compromised coagulation system, often due to antithromboembolic therapy. Recent guidelines caution to perform endoscopic procedures that carry a high risk of bleeding in these patients. However, data to support current recommendations are scarce, and EST frequently has to be performed as an emergency procedure. Therefore, it was the aim of our retrospective study to evaluate the rate of procedural bleeding in patients undergoing EST in our endoscopy unit while on antithromboembolic therapy.

Methods Between March 2005 and August 2015, 1798 consecutive patients underwent EST at HELIOS Hospital in Pforzheim, Germany. Concomitant therapy with anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents was noted, and bleeding following sphincterotomy was recorded.

Results We observed 54 bleeding events in 1482 patients (3.6 %) without and 20 events in 316 patients (6.3 %) with antithromboembolic therapy. Bleeding was recorded in 7 out of 123 patients (5.7 %) taking aspirin, in one out of 34 patients (2.9 %) taking clopidogrel, and in 12 out of 209 patients under heparin (5.7 %). Compared to controls, no statistically significant increase in the bleeding rate was seen. However, we observed an association between a lower physical health score and increased bleeding rate. If precut was necessary for biliary tract access, the bleeding rate increased significantly (p < 0.01).

Conclusion Bleeding following EST is neither increased in patients taking clopidogrel and/or aspirin or heparin and rarely requires transfusion of packed red blood cells nor does it lead to an increased mortality. However, bleeding following EST seems to occur more frequently in patients with a compromised health status or following precut of the papilla.
Key Concepts in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Padley Steve
Published: August 2017

Key Concepts in Contemporary Literature offers a comprehensive overview of the literature and critical debates of the period since 1945. Setting texts in their historical, political and cultural contexts, it demonstrates how literature has dealt with and been shaped by the changing face of the modern world.