bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and Determination of Bioavailable Iron in Sorghum and White bean Noodles
Authors: ElObeid Tahra , Berghofer Emmerich , Kerkadi Abdelhamid
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to find innovative approaches for the production of iron fortified noodles that are natural and economically feasible. The functional food was produced using different combinations . The investigated variables were the ratio of sorghum to white bean flour, pre-gelatinized flours (drum dried or extruded) and guar gum addition while the emulsifier added was kept constant. Investigated parameters were the iron content and its bioavailability, as well as the functional properties (cooking weight, cooking time, cooking loss and texture) of the noodles. Results of the study showed that the content of white bean in the noodles had a direct influence on the iron content and bioavailability. As expected, the iron content and bioavailability was higher the higher the amount of white bean added. Additionally, the iron content and bioavailability was affected by the addition of guar gum and the pregelatinised flours. Iron content of noodles decreased with the increase of guar gum content while the addition of white bean pregelatinised flour showed an increase in the iron content and bioavailability. On examination of the functional properties, the 50% white bean noodles gave the best results in terms of texture, cooking loss, cooking time and cooking weight. Cooking time, cooking weight and cooking loss were comparable to that of durum wheat noodles. Noodles prepared with 50% white bean flour and pregelatinized flours (extruded or drum dried) received the best rankings in the sensory evaluation. The result of this study showed that the higher the amount of white bean added, the superior was the noodle quality, therefore fulfilling the requirements of the objectives i.e. good quality noodles with high iron content and bioavailability.
Anxiety Behaviour Displayed in C57BL/6J Mice Consuming Coffee and Cocoa, but not Observed in Mice Consuming Japanese Green Tea in a High Fat Diet Induced Obesity Model
Authors: Cichello S , Begg D , Weisinger R
Published: May 2014

It is now acknowledged that certain foods may affect mood and behavior. Recently, the food industry has seen a rise in foods containing beverages such as green tea cake, ice-cream, coffee biscuits as per the traditional chocolate as a food and cocoa beverage. Green tea has been suggested to exert numerous health properties, including anxiolytic properties (Vignes et. al. 2006), as does cocoa (i.e. migrane) (Savi et. al. 2002). Numerous studies have studied the consumption of these beverages (i.e. cocoa, coffee and green tea) for their anti-oxidant effect but few studies have included them in a feed format. In this study, mice were allotted into a 16 week treatment of a high-fat, high carbohydrate diet of varying treatments including 1) control diet (21% fat, 36.1% sucrose), 2) 2% cocoa (21% fat, 36.1% sucrose), 3) 2% coffee (21% fat, 36.1% sucrose) and 4) 2% green tea (21% fat, 36.1% sucrose). Subjects were offered the diets in a non-beverage feed format and fresh diet was offered daily. At week 16, the cocoa group mice displayed quicker entry time to dark areas, a greater (p<0.05) amount of time spent in the dark box area and higher (p<0.05) number of peeking events when compared with the control group. In addition, the coffee group mice displayed a higher (p<0.05) re-entries from the light to the dark box area (i.e. anxiety like behavior/ agitation), whereas the green tea group did not display the same level of anxiety like behavior seen in the cocoa and coffee groups. This result may suggest an anxiolytic offset effect against caffeine in green tea versus coffee or another phytochemical component or body compositional changes when consuming a high fat, high sucrose diet.
Patient-reported outcome is influenced by surgical approach in total hip replacement
Authors: Lindgren J. V. , Wretenberg P. , Kärrholm J. , Garellick G. , Rolfson O.
Published: May 2014

The effects of surgical approach in total hip replacement on health-related quality of life and long-term pain and satisfaction are unknown. From the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, we extracted data on all patients that had received a total hip replacement for osteoarthritis through either the posterior or the direct lateral approach, with complete pre- and one-year post-operative Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). A total of 42 233 patients met the inclusion criteria and of these 4962 also had complete six-year PROM data. The posterior approach resulted in an increased mean satisfaction score of 15 (sd 19) vs 18 (sd 22) (p <  0.001) compared with the direct lateral approach. The mean pain score was 13 (sd 17) vs 15 (sd 19) (p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with no or minimal pain was 78% vs 74% (p < 0.001) favouring the posterior approach. The patients in the posterior approach group reported a superior mean EQ-5D index of 0.79 (sd 0.23) vs 0.77 (sd 0.24) (p < 0.001) and mean EQ score of 76 (sd 20) vs 75 (sd 20) (p < 0.001). All observed differences between the groups persisted after six years follow-up. Although PROMs after THR in general are very good regardless of surgical approach, the results indicate that some patients operated by the direct lateral approach report an inferior outcome compared with the posterior approach. The large number of procedures and the seemingly sustained differences make it likely these findings are clinically relevant.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:590–6.
Litigation relating to conditions affecting the shoulder and elbow
Authors: Talbot C. L. , Ring J. , Holt E. M.
Published: May 2014

We present a review of claims made to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) by patients with conditions affecting the shoulder and elbow, and identify areas of dissatisfaction and potential improvement. Between 1995 and 2012, the NHSLA recorded 811 claims related to the shoulder and elbow, 581 of which were settled. This comprised 364 shoulder (64%), and 217 elbow (36%) claims. A total of £18.2 million was paid out in settled claims. Overall diagnosis, mismanagement and intra-operative nerve injury were the most common reasons for litigation. The highest cost paid out resulted from claims dealing with incorrect, missed or delayed diagnosis, with just under £6 million paid out overall. Fractures and dislocations around the shoulder and elbow were common injuries in this category. All 11 claims following wrong-site surgery that were settled led to successful payouts.

This study highlights the diagnoses and procedures that need to be treated with particular vigilance. Having an awareness of the areas that lead to litigation in shoulder and elbow surgery will help to reduce inadvertent risks to patients and prevent dissatisfaction and possible litigation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:574–9.
The Targon Femoral Neck hip screw versus cannulated screws for internal fixation of intracapsular fractures of the hip
Authors: Griffin X. L. , Parsons N. , Achten J. , Costa M. L.
Published: May 2014

We compared a new fixation system, the Targon Femoral Neck (TFN) hip screw, with the current standard treatment of cannulated screw fixation. This was a single-centre, participant-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Patients aged 65 years and over with either a displaced or undisplaced intracapsular fracture of the hip were eligible. The primary outcome was the risk of revision surgery within one year of fixation.

A total of 174 participants were included in the trial. The absolute reduction in risk of revision was of 4.7% (95% CI 14.2 to 22.5) in favour of the TFN hip screw (chi-squared test, p = 0.741), which was less than the pre-specified level of minimum clinically important difference. There were no significant differences in any of the secondary outcome measures.

We found no evidence of a clinical difference in the risk of revision surgery between the TFN hip screw and cannulated screw fixation for patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:652–7.
Clinical outcomes following re-admission for non-infectious wound complications after primary total knee replacement
Authors: Adelani M. A. , Johnson S. R. , Keeney J. A. , Nunley R. M. , Barrack R. L.
Published: May 2014

Haematomas, drainage, and other non-infectious wound complications following total knee replacement (TKR) have been associated with long-term sequelae, in particular, deep infection. However, the impact of these wound complications on clinical outcome is unknown. This study compares results in 15 patients re-admitted for wound complications within 90 days of TKR to 30 matched patients who underwent uncomplicated total knee replacements. Patients with wound complications had a mean age of 66 years (49 to 83) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 37 (21 to 54), both similar to that of patients without complications (mean age 65 years and mean BMI 35). Those with complications had lower mean Knee Society function scores (46 (0 to 100 vs 66 (20 to 100), p = 0.047) and a higher incidence of mild or greater pain (73% vs 33%, p = 0.01) after two years compared with the non re-admitted group. Expectations in patients with wound complications following TKR should be tempered, even in those who do not develop an infection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:619–21.
Using orthopaedic journals for continuing professional development
Authors: Limb D.
Published: May 2014

Continuing professional development (CPD) refers to the ongoing participation in activities that keep a doctor up to date and fit to practise once they have completed formal training. It is something that most will do naturally to serve their patients and to enable them to run a safe and profitable practice. Increasingly, regulators are formalising the requirements for evidence of CPD, often as part of a process of revalidation or relicensing.

This paper reviews how orthopaedic journals can be used as part of the process of continuing professional development.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:565–6.
Provider Counseling to Young Women Seeking Family Planning Services
Authors: Minnis Alexandra M. , Mavedzenge Sue Napierala , Luecke Ellen , Dehlendorf Christine
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT

Contraceptive nonuse and misuse contribute to rates of unintended pregnancy and STDs among young women in the United States. Clinical providers assume an important role in guiding youths’ contraceptive method choices.

METHODS

Sixty‐seven women aged 16–21 were recruited as part of a cohort study, conducted in 2009–2012, that examined provider‐patient interactions during family planning visits at six San Francisco clinics. Interactions between patients and providers were audio‐recorded. Participants completed questionnaires about method preference immediately before seeing the provider; they reported on method choice immediately after the visit and by telephone three and six months later. Transcripts were analyzed to examine providers’ strategies for guiding decision making and addressing youths’ contraceptive concerns. Missed opportunities for promoting young women's reproductive health were identified.

RESULTS

Twenty‐one percent of young women who did not report desiring a hormonal or long‐acting reversible method (IUD or implant) before seeing their provider chose one after counseling. Use of a hormonal or long‐acting reversible contraceptive method at follow‐up was more common among women who had received interactive counseling by providers who guided them to consider contextual influences than among those who had not received such counseling. Attention to relationship characteristics, sexual behavior patterns and STD risk was largely absent from contraceptive counseling.

CONCLUSION

High‐quality strategies used by providers to guide contraceptive decision making were tailored to adolescents’ developmental and environmental needs. Several areas of counseling require increased attention and seem vital to providing comprehensive reproductive health care to adolescents.
Cultural Measures Associated with Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Latino Youth in Southern California: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Becker Davida , Thing James P. , Baezconde‐Garbanati Lourdes , Schwartz Seth J. , Soto Daniel W. , Unger Jennifer B.
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT

Cultural variables have been associated with sexual risk behaviors among Latino youth, but findings across studies are inconsistent.

METHODS

A longitudinal study of acculturation patterns followed Latino youth in Southern California from 2005 to 2012. Data from 995 participants were used in logistic and ordered regression analyses to test whether cultural variables measured in high school were associated with sexual risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, and whether gender moderated these associations.

RESULTS

The cultural value of respect for parents was negatively associated with participants’ odds of reporting an earlier age at sexual debut (odds ratio, 0.8) and condom nonuse at most recent sexual intercourse (0.8). A measure of acculturation reflecting U.S. cultural practices was positively associated with the likelihood of being sexually experienced (1.2), having concurrent sexual partners (1.5) and, among males only, having a greater number of sexual partners (1.3). Second‐ and later‐generation immigrant youth had lower odds of not using a condom at most recent sexual intercourse than first‐generation youth (0.6 and 0.5, respectively). Strength of endorsement of Latino cultural practices was negatively associated with females’ lifetime number of partners (0.8), but positively associated with males’ (1.4).

CONCLUSIONS

The cultural measures associated with Latino youths’ sexual behaviors differed across outcomes and by gender. Further understanding of these associations and their underlying mechanisms may help inform the development of culturally sensitive sexual health interventions.
Variable-Temperature Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy of the Deuterium/Hydrogen Exchange in Liquid D2O
Authors: Unger Miriam , Ozaki Yukihiro , Siesler Heinz W.
Published: May 2014

In the present publication, the deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) exchange of liquid D2O exposed to water vapor of the surrounding atmosphere has been studied by variable-temperature Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) imaging spectroscopy. Apart from the visualization of the exchange process in the time-resolved FT-NIR images, kinetic parameters and the activation energy for this D/H exchange reaction have been derived from the Arrhenius plot of the variable-temperature spectroscopic data.
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Sub-Monolayer Perfluoropolyether Z-Tetraol Films Used in Boundary Lubrication
Authors: Waltman Robert J.
Published: May 2014

Infrared specular reflection spectra of Z-Tetraol on a gold substrate was simulated and studied experimentally. The simulated spectra were obtained using a classical dispersion analysis coupled with solutions of Maxwell's equations for transmission and reflection of electromagnetic radiation. The simulated spectra, which are based on a randomly oriented sample, provide excellent fits for Z-Tetraol over a wide film thickness range. Spectroscopic data are provided for the Z-Tetraol –(CF2O)p– (CF2CF2O)q– main chain. The differences in the transverse and longitudinal optical infrared spectra are discussed for off-normal reflection spectra in the thin film limit. Corrections to the infrared reflection spectra for sub-monolayer coverage using effective medium theory are also discussed.
Instrument Response Standard in Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy at Visible Wavelength: Quenched Fluorescein Sodium
Authors: Liu Mengwei , Jia Menghui , Pan Haifeng , Li Lei , Chang Mengfang , Ren Hua , Argoul Françoise , Zhang Sanjun , Xu Jianhua
Published: May 2014

Time-resolved fluorescence properties of quenched fluorescein sodium, including self-quenching and collisional quenching by iodide, have been studied by using a picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus, together with an upconversion spectrophotofluorometer with a time resolution better than 300 fs. The steady-state fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium reached the maximum when its concentration was 510 μM with pH > 9. Both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime decreased with increasing concentrations of NaI quencher. When the NaI concentration was 12.2 M, a monoexponential decay with a lifetime as short as 17 ps was exactly determined for the first time using the femtosecond-resolved upconversion system. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements of circular permuted green and yellow fluorescent proteins (cpGFP and cpYFP) were reported, demonstrating that the fluorescence decay of quenched fluorescein sodium is a better approximation of the instrument response function (IRF) needed for the accurate deconvolution of fluorescence lifetime data, particularly for detectors used in the visible spectral region. We believe that this picosecond lifetime standard will find wide applications in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
Simulation of Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Absorbance Spectra: Applications to Automotive Clear Coat Forensic Analysis
Authors: Lavine Barry K. , Fasasi Ayuba , Mirjankar Nikhil , Nishikida Koichi , Campbell Jay
Published: May 2014

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a widely used sampling technique in infrared (IR) spectroscopy because minimal sample preparation is required. Since the penetration depth of the ATR analysis beam is quite shallow, the outer layers of a laminate or multilayered paint sample can be preferentially analyzed with the entire sample intact. For this reason, forensic laboratories are taking advantage of ATR to collect IR spectra of automotive paint systems that may consist of three or more layers. However, the IR spectrum of a paint sample obtained by ATR will exhibit distortions, e.g., band broadening and lower relative intensities at higher wavenumbers, compared with its transmission counterpart. This hinders library searching because most library spectra are measured in transmission mode. Furthermore, the angle of incidence for the internal reflection element, the refractive index of the clear coat, and surface contamination due to inorganic contaminants can profoundly influence the quality of the ATR spectrum obtained for automotive paints. A correction algorithm to allow ATR spectra to be searched using IR transmission spectra of the paint data query (PDQ) automotive database is presented. The proposed correction algorithm to convert transmission spectra from the PDQ library to ATR spectra is able to address distortion issues such as the relative intensities and broadening of the bands, and the introduction of wavelength shifts at lower frequencies, which prevent library searching of ATR spectra using archived IR transmission data.
Spectroscopic Investigations on Thin Adhesive Layers in Multi-Material Laminates
Authors: Voronko Yuliya , Chernev Boril S. , Eder Gabriele C.
Published: May 2014

Three different spectroscopic approaches, Raman linescans, Raman imaging, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) imaging were evaluated for the visualization of the thin adhesive layers (3–6 μm) present in polymeric photovoltaic backsheets. The cross-sections of the multilayer laminates in the original, weathered, and artificially aged samples were investigated spectroscopically in order to describe the impact of the environmental factors on the evenness and thickness of the adhesive layers. All three methods were found to be suitable tools to detect and visualize these thin layers within the original and aged polymeric laminates. However, as the adhesive layer is not very uniform in thickness and partly disintegrates upon weathering and/or artificial aging, Raman linescans yield only qualitative information and do not allow for an estimation of the layer thickness. Upon increasing the measuring area by moving from one-dimensional linescans to two-dimensional Raman images, a much better result could be achieved. Even though a longer measuring time has to be taken into account, the information on the uniformity and evenness of the adhesive layer obtainable using the imaging technique is much more comprehensive. Although Raman spectroscopy is known to have the superior lateral resolution as compared with ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, the adhesive layers of the samples used within this study (layer thickness 3–6 μm) could also be detected and visualized by applying the ATR FT-IR spectroscopic imaging method. However, the analysis of the images was quite a demanding task, as the thickness of the adhesive layer was in the region of the resolution limit of this method. The information obtained for the impact of artificial aging and weathering on the adhesive layer obtained using Raman imaging and ATR FT-IR imaging was in good accordance.
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Raman Peak Intensity Ratio of Asymmetric Stretching Vibration (ν3) and Asymmetric Bending Overtone (2ν2) of Methane
Authors: Wang Menghan , Lu Wanjun , Li Lanlan , Qiao Shaohua
Published: May 2014

Raman peaks of the asymmetric stretching vibration (ν3) and the asymmetric bending overtone (2ν2) of methane were studied at elevated pressures and temperatures, from 3 to 51 MPa and from 298.15 to 473.15 K. The peak intensity ratios of ν3 and 2ν2 were calculated, and the relationship among peak intensity ratio, temperature, and pressure/density were derived using equations. Such relationships allow geologists to determine the pressure and density of methane fluid inclusions using Raman spectroscopic measurements of the peak intensity ratios of ν3 and 2ν2.
Determination of the Botanical Origin of Honey by Front-Face Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Lenhardt Lea , Zeković Ivana , Dramićanin Tatjana , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Bro Rasmus
Published: May 2014

Front-face synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is used to classify honey samples according to their botanical origin. Synchronous fluorescence spectra of three monofloral (linden, sunflower, and acacia), polyfloral (meadow mix), and fake (fake acacia and linden) honey types (109 samples) were collected in an excitation range of 240–500 nm for synchronous wavelength intervals of 30–300 nm. Chemometric analysis of the gathered data included principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Mean cross-validated classification errors of 0.2 and 4.8% were found for a model that accounts only for monofloral samples and for a model that includes both the monofloral and polyfloral groups, respectively. The results demonstrate that single synchronous fluorescence spectra of different honeys differ significantly because of their distinct physical and chemical characteristics and provide sufficient data for the clear differentiation among honey groups. The spectra of fake honey samples showed pronounced differences from those of genuine honey, and these samples are easily recognized on the basis of their synchronous fluorescence spectra. The study demonstrated that this method is a valuable and promising technique for honey authentication.
Characteristics of Bone Turnover in the Long Bone Metaphysis Fractured Patients with Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Authors: Wölfl Christoph , Schweppenhäuser Daniela , Gühring Thorsten , Takur Caner , Höner Bernd , Kneser Ulrich , Grützner Paul Alfred , Kolios Leila
Published: May 2014

The incidence of osteoporotic fractures increases as our population ages. Until now, the exact biochemical processes that occur during the healing of metaphyseal fractures remain unclear. Diagnostic instruments that allow a dynamic insight into the fracture healing process are as yet unavailable. In the present matched pair analysis, we study the time course of the osteoanabolic markers bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), as well as the osteocatabolic markers crosslinked C-telopeptide of type-I-collagen (β-CTX) and serum band 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5b), during the healing of fractures that have a low level of bone mineral density (BMD) compared with fractures that have a normal BMD. Between March 2007 and February 2009, 30 patients aged older than 50 years who suffered a metaphyseal fracture were included in our study. BMDs were verified by dual energy Xray absorptiometry (DXEA) scans. The levels of BTMs were examined over an 8-week period. Osteoanabolic BAP levels in those with low levels of BMD were significantly different from the BAP levels in those with normal BMD. BAP levels in the former group increased constantly, whereas the latter group showed an initial strong decrease in BAP followed by slowly rising values. Osteocatabolic β-CTX increased in the bone of the normal BMD group constantly, whereas these levels decreased significantly in the bone of the group with low BMD from the first week. TRAP5b was significantly reduced in the low level BMD group. With this work, we conduct first insights into the molecular biology of the fracture healing process in patients with low levels of BMD that explains the mechanism of its fracture healing. The results may be one reason for the reduced healing qualities in bones with low BMD.
Action-based Digital Tools: Mathematics Learning in 6-year-old Children
Authors: Dejonckheere Peter J. N. , Desoete Annemie , Fonck Nathalie , Roderiguez Dave , Six Leen , Vermeersch Tine , Vermeulen Lies
Published: May 2014

Introduction. In the present study we used a metaphorical representation in order to stimulate the numerical competences of six-year-olds. It was expected that when properties of physical action are used for mathematical thinking or when abstract mathematical thinking is grounded in sensorimotor processes, learning gains should be more pronounced in children with stronger motor capacities than in children with rather low motor capacities.Method. Thirty-four first grade children with a mean age of 6 years and 6 months participated in the experiment with a pre and posttest design. Therefore mouse handling precision, gross and fine motor performances and number line estimation was administered before and after the intervention with a digital number line.Results. In contrast to what was expected, children that performed below the median in a gross motor task benefitted significantly more from the intervention compared to children with scores above the median for such gross motor tasks.Discussion and Conclusion. These results do not only highlight the relationship between motor development and math learning but they also show that children with lower motor capacities are possibly more in need of a strong physical appearance whereby the possibilities for action are clearly visible, even in digital tools.
Empatía y Estrategías de Afrontamiento como Predictores del Bienestar en Estudiantes Universitarios Españoles
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep , Calderón Caterina
Published: May 2014

Introducción. La empatía y las estrategias de afrontamiento han sido asociadas firmemente con el bienestar psicológico percibido por los estudiantes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la empatía, las estrategias de afrontamiento y el malestar psicológico entre estudiantes universitarios.Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal. Noventa estudiantes de educación contestaron algunos cuestionarios (Brief Symptom Inventory, Coping Responses Inventory-Adult y Empathy Affective and Cognitive Test) como parte de un cribado general de salud.Resultados. Los estudiantes con alto riesgo de presentar malestar psicológico obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en estrés empático y estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas. El malestar psicológico mostró una correlación positiva y significativa con la descarga emocional, la evitación cognitiva, la búsqueda de recompensas alternativas y la aceptación/resignación, y una correlación negativa con la resolución de problemas. La descarga emocional y la resolución de problemas explicaron el 29.4% de la varianza del distrés psicológico en estudiantes de educación.Conclusión. Reconocer las emociones de uno mismo y comprender los estados emocionales y las intenciones de los demás es beneficioso para el estudiante. El desarrollo de los propios recursos y estrategias de afrontamiento permitirá a los estudiantes, futuros maestros adaptarse a situaciones estresantes que puede encontrarse en el contexto educativo.
Needs-based Assessment of Students with (suspicion of) Intellectual Giftedness and/or an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Design of a Heuristic
Authors: Burger-Veltmeijer Agnes E. J. , Minnaert Alexander E. M. G. , Van den Bosch Els J.
Published: May 2014

This contribution presents the design of a theoretically grounded assessment Heuristic concerning students with (suspicion of) the coexistence of Intellectual Giftedness and an Autism Spectrum Disorder (IG+ASD). This Heuristic focuses at various cognitive and psychosocial Strengths and Weaknesses (S&Ws) and is called the S&W Heuristic. It deals with the discrepancy between the lack of a theoretically grounded coherent view on assessment and intervention issues concerning students with (suspicion of) IG+ASD and the concomitant problem of biased diagnoses in psycho-educational practice. It aims at a systematic connection between assessment and intervention-indications, by way of systematic dimensional needs-based assessment. One of its merits is that the assessment departs from IG+ASD characteristics, in-stead of IG-characteristics apart from ASD-symptoms, so that camouflage and underachievement might be detected more easily. The S&W Heuristic is explorative in nature and serves as a point of departure in theory-development and psycho-educational praxis concerning IG+ASD and may be Twice-Exceptionalities in general.
Using Shared Reports to Explore the Nature and Resolution of Critical Incidents between Higher Education Teachers and Students
Authors: Panadero Ernesto , Monereo Carles
Published: May 2014

Introduction. A critical incident is an event that occurs in a delimitated place and time producing in the professional an emotional state -usually negative- and destabilizing his/her professional identity. Critical incidents have been used to study teachers’ professional development and identity. This study aim is to better understand the effect of critical incidents in higher education.Method. 11 university teachers and 88 of their students participated in this study. During one semester they filled out three different surveys weekly. During six weeks each teacher and her students reported the occurrence of critical incidents in the classroom using the first survey. After the six weeks, the survey answers were exchanged: the teachers could read the students’ and vice versa. In the second survey the participants reported their reactions after reading the first survey answers. In the third survey students and teachers reported their reactions to the second survey exchange and, additionally, the teachers reflected on their pedagogical strategies.Results. Teachers and students reported different events as critical incidents. Teachers reported challenges to their authority or lack of students’ motivation. Students reported as critical incidents problem during collaborative activities, lack of understanding about tasks’ goals and arguments among peers. Additionally teachers reported to have gained new insights about their pedagogical strategies and proposed changes in their teaching style and classroom activities.Conclusions. The students’ and teachers’ divergent interpretation of events as critical incidents points out the importance of the role of the “educational agent”. This is, teachers are usually in a more salient role as they are directing the classroom and, therefore, have different goals than the students. For this reason they experience critical incidents from different events challenging their role as teachers. The methodology of shared reports is appropriate to provoke reflection and changes on the teachers’ pedagogical strategies.
The Future of Education Research Journals: Challenges and responses
Authors: Post David
Published: May 2014

This special issue of Education Policy Analysis Archives addresses scholarly production and publishing (the two are intimately related) in the field of education. Worldwide scholars are facing similar global pressures for “excellence” and where the personal and institutional production of excellent scholarship is being compared with simple measures.  In some parts of the world, these measures of productivity are fast becoming more immediately consequential than whatever else may be produced as a result of scholarship (purpose, critical reflection, insight, meaning, progress, to list some examples). This essay presents the challenges and responses identified by the eight contributions for this special issue on the future of education research publishing. .
Local Knowledge When Ranking Journals: Reproductive Effects and Resistant Possibilities
Authors: Canagarajah Suresh
Published: May 2014

This article is based on the engagement of a US-based scholar and faculty members in a non-Western university in a mentoring exercise on publishing. It demonstrates how the “list” constructed in a particular academic department in the university for ranking relevant journals for publication has reproductive effects on knowledge construction. The ranking of journals shapes scholarly interactions both inside and outside the academic department, offering limited possibilities for developing local knowledge. A micro-level orientation to publishing is first adopted to bring out how rhetorical and textual choices are influenced by the list of ranked journals. Next, a broad lens perspective is adopted to explore how academic interactions and communication among local scholars are also shaped by such productivity targets to reproduce dominant knowledge. In the final section, the article reports on the way mentoring was reconfigured to identify strategic textual spaces for representing local knowledge within existing publishing conventions.
A critical analysis of quality managment implementation in a small brazilian company
Authors: Schmitz Rauber Jonathan , Viana Borges Marco Antonio , Manoel Júnior Márcio Laênio , Pacheco Diego Augusto de Jesus
Published: May 2014

This project involves identifying major organizational changes occurred in a small company in the printing supplies sector as it implemented the ISO 9001:2000 standard. The case study methodology was used through exploratory research to conduct semi-structured interviews with six employees in addition to participant observation. The desired outcome of this article is the identification of the benefits and difficulties encountered in the implementation process and a comparison between the new and previous practices. The main results of the research relate to the process of professionalization of management practices of the company and the improved internal processes.
Evaluating the implementation of quality management systems in supply networks in Brazil
Authors: Reis João Gilberto Mendes dos , Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira , Machado Sivanilza Teixeira , Oliveira Rone Vieira
Published: May 2014

The development of relationships between organizations through Supply Chain Management, with a view to delivering products and services and consumers has led quality management to go beyond the boundaries of the individual firm and thus spread to the various network actors in which the organization is involved. This has been called Supply Chain Quality Management (SCQM) and consists in developing a quality policy applicable to the whole supply chain. Quality management systems have been successfully implemented within individual companies, but how has this actually affected suppliers, within SCM? This paper conducted a survey in thirteen companies operating in Brazil to assess the effectiveness of SCQM. The results show that companies are still very concerned about quality within their individual companies and ensuring quality from their suppliers still involves performance indicators and depends on the availability of suppliers for each item required.
Quantitative modeling of the Water Footprint and Energy Content of Crop and Animal Products Consumption in Tanzania
Authors: Lyakurwa Felichesmi Selestine
Published: May 2014

A comprehensive understanding of the link between water footprint and energy content of crop and animal products is vitally important for the sound management of water resources. In this study, we developed a mathematical relationship between water content, and energy content of many crops and animal products by using an improved LCA approach (water footprint). The standard values of the water and energy contents of crops and animal products were obtained from the databases of Agricultural Research Service, UNESCO Institute for water education and Food, and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The water footprint approach was applied to analyze the relationship between water requirement and energy of content of crop and animal products, in which the uncertainty and sensitivity was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation technique that is contained in the Oracle Crystal Ball Fusion Edition v11.1.1.3.00. The results revealed significant water saving due to changes in food consumption pattern i.e. from consumption of more meat to vegetables. The production of 1kcal of crop and animal products requires about 98% of green, 4.8% blue water and 0.4% of gray water. In which changes in consumption pattern gave annual blue water saving of about 1605 Mm3 that is equivalent to 41.30m3/capita, extremely greater than the standard drinking water requirement for the whole population. Moreover, the projected results indicated, triple increase of dietary water requirement from 30.9 Mm3 in 2005 to 108 Mm3 by 2050. It was also inferred that, Tanzania has a positive virtual water balance of crop and animal products consumption with net virtual water import of 9.1 Mm3 that is the contribution margin to the water scarcity alleviation strategy. Therefore, developed relationship of water footprint and energy content of crops and animal products can be used by water resource experts for sustainable freshwater and food supply.
Objective and Subjective Comprehension of Jury Instructions in Criminal Trials
Authors: McKimmie Blake M. , Antrobus Emma , Baguley Chantelle
Published: May 2014

It would seem important that jury instructions are clear and comprehensible to jurors if they are to effectively carry out their responsibility in criminal trials. Research suggests, however, that jurors may not fully understand instructions despite reporting high levels of comprehension. The current study (N = 33) surveyed jurors who had recently served on a jury to assess their level of comprehension and the factors that contributed to their decisions. It was found that a substantial proportion of jurors were mistaken about directions relating to beyond reasonable doubt and burden of proof. It also was found that higher levels of self-reported comprehension were associated with self-reported reliance on additional factors to arrive at a decision, and a more positive evaluation of the prosecutions’ case. Overall, although jurors report that they understand directions, they do not appear to use those directions in arriving at a decision. Subjective comprehension appears to be an important factor in understanding the effect of directions on jurors.
The United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems
Authors: Willems Auke
Published: May 2014

This article reviews the background and content of the Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in December 2012, to consider its objectives and potential. As with similar international agreements, the Principles and Guidelines is not legally binding and requires further legislative action to be implemented. This article demonstrates how urgent the need for legal aid reform is and raises realistic expectations about what the international instrument can achieve in this regard. In stressing the urgent need for reforms of legal aid systems, the discussion uses the European Union as an example because of the extensive comparative analysis available and because of the recent European Union Roadmap for Criminal Procedural Rights that aims, inter alia, to improve access to legal aid. To strengthen further the argument, attention also will be paid to the problems surrounding legal aid in the United States, which will indicate some of the Principles and Guidelines’ limitations. Furthermore, the path of implementation of an earlier United Nations General Assembly Resolution will be outlined to articulate what reasonable expectations can be placed on the Principles and Guidelines’ approach to ensuring access to legal aid.
The Sanity of Faith
Authors: Lim Marvin
Published: May 2014

This Article analyzes whether criminal religious fundamentalists should escape culpability for their wrongdoing under the insanity defense. Made especially salient by Muslim jihadists and Christian abortion clinic bombers, this issue touches on a range of topics, including legal philosophy, free exercise and religious accommodations, mental health and the evidentiary utility of neuroscience, and equality concerns touching on racial and ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities. Above all, this issue touches on an underappreciated tension between two pillars of American law: freedom of religion celebrating the idea that people need never account for their reasons for acceding to faith, and a law of responsibility ubiquitously scrutinizing people’s exact reasons for action. It is this tension that most challenges existing doctrinal and scholarly frameworks for the insanity defense, which ultimately fail to justify any distinction between delusion and dogma. Seeking to resolve this tension, this Article argues that reconceptualizing the “cognition of wrongdoing” prong of this defense not only dispatches faith-as-insanity, but also creates a more universally coherent insanity defense framework, resolving the gaps left by existing interpretations in reconciling even less novel phenomena, like psychosis and psychopathy. This prong should place less emphasis on the direct outcomes of a person’s thought processes (e.g., the reasons for a person’s actions), and instead place greater emphasis on the thought process itself—particularly whether a person has a demonstrated capacity to engage with counterarguments. This capacity should be most determinative of a person’s cognition, regardless of whether someone might sincerely believe that his actions are moral—and even, in the many cases where fundamentalists appropriate secular arguments, fully legal. Ultimately, focusing on this capacity for alternative reasoning not only resolves the underappreciated tension between freedom of religious belief and the law of responsibility, but also illuminates the concept of religious accommodations in general.
Empirical Desert and Preventive Justice
Authors: Slobogin Christopher
Published: May 2014

This essay is a response to an article by Paul Robinson, Joshua Barton, and Matthew Lister in this issue of New Criminal Law Review that criticizes an article I authored with Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein entitled Putting Desert in Its Place, which was itself an analysis of several works published by Robinson and various coauthors making the case for “empirical desert.” Robinson’s suggestion that utility can be optimized by a focus on desert as it is viewed by the average citizen opens up a new line of inquiry that could lead to a better appreciation of the influence desert should have on the criminal law. Where we disagree is how much utility a system founded on empirical desert is likely to have. Robinson appears to hold that failing to subscribe to empirical desert in most cases will result in noticeable disutility, whereas I am inclined to believe, consistent with the studies in Putting Desert in Its Place, that only significant, continuous and highly publicized departures from lay views will occasion the loss of compliance and cooperation that Robinson describes. This article also defends the punishment scheme that I have called “preventive justice” against some of the claims made by Robinson, Barton, and Lister.
Life in the Open with Charles Frederick Holder
Authors: Apostol Jane
Published: May 2014

Natural scientist Charles Frederick Holder settled in Pasadena in 1885. As a prolific author, lecturer, and editor, Holder was a key promoter of the region, sport fishing, and natural science. He wrote popular children’s books as well. He is also remembered as an influential figure in education and the arts and as a founder of the Tuna Club on Santa Catalina Island and the Valley Hunt Club in Pasadena and its Tournament of Roses.
Avaliação Comparativa de Teste Imunocromatográfico para Identificação Forense de Sangue Humano
Authors: Longo Paulo Eduardo , Dias Filho Claudemir Rodrigues , Valadares Maria Paula Oliveira , Alonso Emerson da Costa , Gonçalves Silvana Pereira dos Santos , Auler-Bittencourt Eloísa Aurora
Published: May 2014

A determinação de especificidade humana pode indicar a presença de sangue humano, mesmo em amostras antigas provindas de investigações criminais, contaminadas ou em estado de putrefação. O presente estudo visa analisar se há coerência entre os resultados obtidos pelos testes de orientação e específico para sangue humano utilizados rotineiramente na análise forense em comparação com o teste imunocromatográfico para detecção da hemoglobina humana. O diagnóstico por meio do anticorpo anti-hemoglobina humana tem se mostrado eficiente na detecção qualitativa de hemoglobina humana em amostras de sangue depositadas em peças e locais de crime.
Espectroscopia Raman: um novo método analítico para investigação forense em cruzamento de traços
Authors: Gomes Juliano de Andrade , Sercheli Maurício da Silva
Published: May 2014

Em Documentoscopia, o exame de tinta in-situ, sobre a superfície de um determinado suporte, é um desafio para a ciência forense. Hoje em dia, a Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao Espectrômetro de Massa (GC-MS) e a Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (HPLC) são as principais técnicas utilizadas para tal análise. No entanto, tais técnicas são destrutivas e de difícil operacionalidade, pois exigem complicados procedimentos de extração para isolar os componentes da tinta antes da realização dos exames. Nesse contexto, a Espectroscopia Raman tem se mostrado uma técnica promissora e bastante adequada, já que oferece, de modo não destrutivo, a direta identificação e caracterização das tintas encontradas na própria superfície do papel. Assim sendo, este trabalho utiliza-se da Espectroscopia Raman, inicialmente, para identificar e diferenciar tintas de caneta, sendo que uma atenção especial foi dada às tintas de tonalidade preta, as quais são difíceis de serem distinguidas pelas técnicas atuais. Posteriormente, foram selecionados e analisados alguns cruzamentos entre as tintas que apresentaram espectros distintos, ou seja, aquelas tintas que possuem diferentes composições químicas, com o objetivo de identificar a sequência cronológica dos lançamentos. O método baseia-se num tratamento matemático simples dos espectros Raman, obtidos em diferentes profundidades na região do cruzamento. Salienta-se a obtenção de sucesso na utilização desse procedimento, bem como de outro processo empregado para o mesmo propósito: o mapeamento bidimensional na superfície da região de intersecção entre as tintas, seguido da análise estatística de correlação com os espectros coletados individualmente nas tintas envolvidas no cruzamento.