bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Kinerja Pondok Pesantren Berbasis WebGIS
Authors: Jamalulael Idrus , Susetyo Budi
Published: August 2019

Abstrak
Pentingnya peranan pesantren yang berada di KabupatenBogor menjadi motivasi untuk memecahkan masalah seperti sulitnya mencari letak pesantren dengan merancang dan membuat sebuah sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari letak pesantren serta informasi lain yang terkait. Penerapan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk mengetahui lokasi pondok pesantren yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bogor bagian barat karena SIG mempunyai kemampuan yang sangat luas, baik dalam proses pemetaan dan analisis sehingga teknologi tersebut sering dipakai dalam proses perencanaan tata ruang.Pendekatan sistem berbasis spasial dalam melakukan analisis kinerja pesantren, diharapkan mempermudah dalam pencarian pesantren yang telah diidentifikasi tingkat optimalisasi kinerja pondok pesantren dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) dan CPI (Composite Performance Index) yang dibedakan menggunakan teknik natural bricks, hanya ada dua pesantren di Kabupaten Bogor wilayah barat yang memiliki nilai optimal yaitu pesantren ummul quro al islami dan pesantren sahid. Hal ini disebabkan kedua pesantren  tersebut memiliki luas lahan yang sangat luas sehingga berpotensi unduk dapat dikembangkan membangun sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan pesantren tersebut.

Abstract

The importance of the role of Islamic boarding schools in Bogor Regency is a motivation to solve problems such as the difficulty of finding the location of pesantren by designing and creating a system that can be used to find the location of pesantren and other related information. The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is the right step to find out the location of Islamic boarding schools in the western part of Bogor Regency because GIS has very broad capabilities, both in the process of mapping and analysis so that the technology is often used in the spatial planning process. Spatial based analysis of Islamic boarding school performance is expected to facilitate the search for Islamic boarding schools that have identified the level of optimization of Islamic boarding schools' performance using the Analytical Hierarchy Process and CPI (Composite Performance Index) methods that are distinguished by natural bricks, there are only two Islamic boarding schools. The western region of Bogor Regency has optimal values, namely ummul quro al Islamic boarding schools and sahid Islamic boarding schools. This is due to the fact that the two pesantren have a very large land area so that the potential of the Islamic boarding school can be developed to build the facilities and infrastructure needed by the islamic boarding school.
Pengaruh Pemberian SWD Dan Teknik Alexander Untuk Memperbaiki Postur Tubuh Pasien LBP Tahun 2019
Authors: Segita Riri
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK

Low back pain adalah nyeri punggung bawah yang disebabkan kebiasaan duduk, bekerja membungkuk dalam waktu yang relative lama, atau akibat penyakit degenerative. Perubahan  postur dapat terjadi karena gangguan pada tulang karena proses penuaan yang menyebabkan penurunan kepadatan tulang, perubahan postur terjadi pada usia 35 -55 tahun.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian SWD dan Teknik Alexander untuk memperbaiki postur tubuh pasien low back pain di Rumah Sakit Acmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Tahun 2019. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pre test-post test. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 9 responden yang mengalami perubahan postur tubuh low back pain.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil rata-rata sebelum intervensi SWD dan teknik alexander (63.67 dengan SD 6,144) dan sesudah intervensi (70,11 dengan SD 5,862) perbedaan perubahan postur tubuh low back pain sebelum dan sesudah intervensi SWD dan teknik alexander ( p=0,005) dengan mean different 6,44.

Disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pemberian SWD dan teknik alexander terhadap perubahan postur tubuh low back pain di Rumah Sakit Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Tahun 2019.

 
The Effect of Health and Religious Beliefs on Consumer Consciousness of Using Halal Cosmetics
Authors: Hasibuan Sri Wahyuni , Nasution Yasir , Siregar Safaruddin
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the effect of health and religious beliefs on consumer consciousness of using halal cosmetics. The subjects of this study are adult women who use cosmetics labeled halal and domiciled in Medan city. The number of samples is 100 people based on convenience sampling. Questionnaire is a data collection tool used in this study while the type is quantitative research. The analysis technique uses a variance-based SEM (PLS) approach with the Smart PLS 3 program. The findings of this study are that health and religious beliefs have a significant and positive effect on consumer consciousness of using halal cosmetics. The government, producers and cosmetics users must know that the concept of halal in cosmetics can be used as a global symbol to ensure the quality of the lifestyle of cosmetic consumers in the world. Because halal has positive scores for all lines of society. As healthy, clean, and protected from harmful ingredients. So this study recommends the need for the government which has the authority to consider halal cosmetic concepts to make regulations in producing cosmetics. Whereas for producers is a business opportunity or strategy to get more income. Because someone will be more aware of a positive after experiencing the effects of consuming something that can endanger her life.
Rediseño de la red de monitoreo atmosférico para control y vigilancia de la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Riobamba
Authors: Perugachi Cahueñas Nelly Patricia , Cocha Telenchana Laura Susana
Published: August 2019

Se rediseña la red de monitoreo de calidad del aire para la ciudad de Riobamba, en función de los resultados obtenidos mediante monitoreos de contaminantes con sensores pasivos, sensores activos, caracterización de emisiones y modelos de difusión de contaminantes, se propone una red de monitoreo de contaminantes atmosféricos para el control y vigilancia de la calidad del aire, que cubre un mayor territorio, incluyendo nuevas estaciones de monitoreo, con la finalidad de ajustar y mejorar los resultados que actualmente tiene la red de monitoreo de sensores pasivos que funciona en el cantón.
Cooperativismo y desarrollo sostenible en el Ecuador
Authors: Barba Bayas Diego Ramiro , Morales Noriega Adriana Margarita
Published: August 2019

Las cooperativas por su propio origen y naturaleza, son negocios socialmente responsables por tanto, deberían jugar un papel fundamental en la implementación de la Agenda 2030, mediante la práctica de sus principios y valores y  la reinversión de sus excedentes en los territorios donde ejerce su acción, a través del apoyo financiero en la producción de bienes y servicios, en respuesta a las necesidades de las comunidades locales y así ayudar a la erradicación de los problemas estructurales de la sociedad y el favorecimiento de un desarrollo sostenible e igualitario. La presente investigación, describe el trabajo realizado por las entidades Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del país en relación con los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible, ODS, establecidos; lo cual ha determinado que el aspecto económico- financiero es una prioridad principal para estas entidades, debido al control y la supervisión a la cual están sujetas. Por otro lado, los aspectos sociales y ambientales siguen pendientes, hecho que limita al sector asumir integralmente los compromisos acordados en la V Cumbre Cooperativa de la Américas sobre el tema.
AGE FEATURES OF HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Authors: Fedotov D M , Melkova L A , Gribanov A V
Published: August 2019

The article presents the features of asymmetry of cerebral blood flow determined with use of rheoencephalography of 97 boys aged 7-10 years and 56 boys aged 11-14 years with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It has been found that in primary school the children showed reduction in blood filling intensity and improvement of elastic properties of blood vessels for distribution and resistance in the carotid region, increased elastic properties of blood vessels in the vertebrobasilar area on the left. Obviously, these changes in the cerebral blood flow reflected the specific characteristics of the cerebral blood flow in children with this disorder. For children at secondary school age, there is registered an increase of the blood flow intensity, the tone of large arteries and elastic properties of blood vessels for distribution and resistance in carotid and vertebrobasilar area on the left, which corresponds to the existing ideas about organization of hemodynamic processes in the brain and the role of the left-hemispheric dominance in children in ontogenesis.
Strategi Penatalaksanaan Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren pada Anemia Defisiensi Besi (Laporan Kasus)
Authors: Ronal Ahmad , Aliyah Siti
Published: August 2019

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a type of lesion of the oral mucous consisting of sudden acute, painful, being recurrent, non-infectious, non- vesicular, and immunologically mediated. Chronic iron deficiency will result in iron deficiency anemia which is one of RAS predisposing factors. To ilustrate the complexity of RAS in iron deficiency anemia following the treatment strategies. Case Report: Outpatient woman, thirty years old, not married yet; came with painful aphthous on her tongue causing stiff tongue sensation and difficult to speak. She has frequent aphthous since last two months. Case Management: Diagnosis of RAS was derived from history and clinical presentation whereas iron deficiency anemia condition was derived from hematology examination. Patient has been instructed to increase iron source diet and limit tea consumption. Chlorhexidine gluconate and bee propolis were used as RAS medication. Ferro gluconate, ferrazone, and ascorbic acid were delivered as iron deficiency therapy. RAS treatment in iron deficiency anemia has to be considered both of RAS and iron deficiency condition related to their correlation.
In Search of the Densest Subgraph
Authors: Faragó András , R. Mojaveri Zohre
Published: August 2019

In this survey paper, we review various concepts of graph density, as well as associated theorems and algorithms. Our goal is motivated by the fact that, in many applications, it is a key algorithmic task to extract a densest subgraph from an input graph, according to some appropriate definition of graph density. While this problem has been the subject of active research for over half of a century, with many proposed variants and solutions, new results still continuously emerge in the literature. This shows both the importance and the richness of the subject. We also identify some interesting open problems in the field.
Nonlinear Distortions and Parametric Amplification Generate Otoacoustic Emissions and Increased Hearing Sensitivity
Authors: Böhnke Frank
Published: August 2019

The ear is able to detect low-level acoustic signals by a highly specialized system including a parametric amplifier in the cochlea. This is verified by a numerical mechanical model of the cochlea, which reduces the three-dimensional (3D) system to a one-dimensional (1D) approach. A formerly developed mechanical model permits the consideration of the fluid and the orthotropic basilar membrane in a 1D fluid-structure coupled system. This model shows the characteristic frequency to place transformation of the traveling wave in the cochlea. The additional inclusion of time and space dependent stiffness of outer hair cells and the signal level dependent stiffness of the string enables parametric amplification of the input signal. Due to the nonlinear outer hair cell stiffness change, nonlinear distortions follow as a byproduct of the parametric amplification at low levels constituting the compressive nonlinearity. More distortions are generated by the saturating displacements of the string at high input levels, which can be distinguished from the low-level distortions by the order of additional harmonics. Amplification factors of 15.5 d B and 24.0 d B are calculated, and a change of the traveling-wave mapping is postulated with parametric amplification representing the healthy state of the cochlea.
The Effects of Adding Pyramidal and Convex Diffusers on Room Acoustic Parameters in a Small Non-Diffuse Room
Authors: Azad Hassan , Meyer Julie , Siebein Gary , Lokki Tapio
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of relatively large-scale pyramidal and convex-shaped diffusers on the acoustical properties of a small non-diffuse rectangular room. Room impulse responses (RIRs) were measured in various room configurations to extract the early decay time (EDT), reverberation time (T20), early-to-late arriving sound ratio (C50), and clarity (C80). The difference between the parameters measured in the empty room were chosen to be the reference, and those measured in other room configurations was calculated. Statistical analysis of the measurement results supplements the investigation to determine whether the coverage and type of diffusers contribute significantly to the variation of the acoustical parameters. The results show that adding diffusers in the room generally decreases EDT as well as T20, and increases C50 as well as C80 for both diffuser types. The statistical analysis shows that the coverage of diffusers significantly contributes to the variation of the acoustical parameters in most conditions (octave band, diffuser type). The effect of the diffuser shape is only significant for some of the conditions (at 4 kHz, the number of diffusers). The data presented demonstrate that in a small non-diffuse room the reverberation can be controlled efficiently by redirecting the sound energy towards the most absorbing surfaces.
Factors Affecting Sugarcane Production by Small-Scale Growers in Ndwedwe Local Unicipality, South Africa
Authors: Zulu Nkosingiphile Samuel , Sibanda Melusi , Tlali Bokang Stephen
Published: August 2019

Sugarcane is an important crop worldwide due to its many nutritional and economic uses. Small-scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) are a significant sector of sugarcane production in South Africa. However, the number of SSGs is noted to have declined from as early as the 2000s to the present time. As a result of the declining sugarcane production, there are now generally fewer SSGs. However, it is not clear cut as to what caused the decrease in sugarcane production by SSGs. The primary objective of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the sugarcane production by SSGs in Mona and Sonkombo in Ndwedwe Local Municipality. Data collection was through a well-structured questionnaire administered to 100 SSGs (that is, 50 respondents each from the study sites, namely Mona and Sonkombo) that were randomly selected. The paper employs descriptive statistics to describe farm characteristics, and a production function (Cobb–Douglass production function (CDPF)) analysis using the ordinary least squares (OLS) criterion to estimate the parameters affecting sugarcane production. Results show that late harvesting (by up to three (3) weeks), late fertiliser application (by up to six (6) months, and chemicals (Gramoxone) application (by up to five (5) months) were primary challenges facing SSGs, likely to result in declining sugarcane yield. The CDPF regression analysis reveals that significant predictors of the production function are: labour and the amount of chemicals (Gramoxone) applied. Labour (man-days/ha), amount of chemicals (Gramoxone) applied are found to be statistically significant and positively correlated with sugarcane production. The government, through the relevant Department of Agriculture, including the private sector, should intensify out-grower technical services for SSGs to realise higher production per hectare. Such services would ensure optimal allocation and application of inputs, labour and chemicals (herbicides and pesticides), respectively, at the right time to ensure efficacy. There is also a need to introduce buying consortiums for SSGs to reduce the costs of inputs.
Hermetia illucens Larvae Reared on Different Substrates in Broiler Quail Diets: Effect on Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of the Quail Meat
Authors: Cullere Marco , Woods Michael Josias , van Emmenes Liesel , Pieterse Elsje , Hoffman Louwrens Christiaan , Dalle Zotte Antonella
Published: August 2019

This research aimed at improving the fatty acid (FA) profile of Hermetia illucens larvae (HI) and evaluating the effects of their inclusion in growing broiler quails’ diets on the meat physicochemical quality, including detailed amino acid (AA) and FA profiles, sensory traits, and retail display. HI larvae were reared on two different substrates: layer mash (HI1) and 50:50 layer mash/fish offal (HI2). A total of 300 10-day-old quails were allocated to the three dietary groups (five replicates/each): a soybean meal-based diet was formulated (Control), and two other diets were formulated that included either 10% HI1 or HI2. Quails were fed the experimental diets until slaughter. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Breast meat quality was affected by the dietary treatments, which displayed different proximate compositions and AA and FA profiles. Meat physical quality, sensory profile, and retail display remained unaffected for the most part. Overall, results showed that it is possible to improve the FA profile of the HI-fed quails’ meat and thus lipid quality through substrate modulation of the HI’s diet.
Synthesis of Ring II/III Fragment of Kanamycin: A New Minimum Structural Motif for Aminoglycoside Recognition
Authors: Zárate Sandra G. , Bastida Agatha , Santana Andrés G. , Revuelta Julia
Published: August 2019

A novel protocol has been established to prepare the kanamycin ring II/III fragment, which has been validated as a minimum structural motif for the development of new aminoglycosides on the basis of its bactericidal activity even against resistant strains. Furthermore, its ability to act as a AAC-(6′) and APH-(3′) binder, and as a poor substrate for the ravenous ANT-(4′), makes it an excellent candidate for the design of inhibitors of these aminoglycoside modifying enzymes.
Application of Pitch Derived Parameters to Speech and Monophonic Singing Classification
Authors: Sarasola Xabier , Navas Eva , Tavarez David , Serrano Luis , Saratxaga Ibon , Hernaez Inma
Published: August 2019

Speech and singing voice discrimination is an important task in the speech processing area given that each type of voice requires different information retrieval and signal processing techniques. This discrimination task is hard even for humans depending on the length of voice segments. In this article, we present an automatic speech and singing voice classification method using pitch parameters derived from musical note information and f 0 stability analysis. We applied our method to a database containing speech and a capella singing and compared the results with other discrimination techniques based on information derived from pitch and spectral envelope. Our method obtains good results discriminating both voice types, is efficient, has good generalisation capabilities and is computationally fast. In the process, we have also created a note detection algorithm with parametric control of the characteristics of the notes it detects. We compared the agreement of this algorithm with a state-of-the-art note detection algorithm and performed an experiment that proves that speech and singing discrimination parameters can represent generic information about the music style of the singing voice.
Swing Vibration Control of Suspended Structure Using Active Rotary Inertia Driver System: Parametric Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhang Chunwei , Wang Hao
Published: August 2019

The Active Rotary Inertia Driver (ARID) system is a novel vibration control system that can effectively mitigate the swing vibration of suspended structures. Parametric analysis is carried out using Simulink based on the mathematical model and the effectiveness is further validated by a series of experiments. Firstly, the active controller is designed based on the system mathematical model and the LQR (linear quadratic regulator) algorithm. Next, the parametric analysis is carried out using Simulink to study the key parameters such as the coefficient of the control algorithm, the rotary inertia ratio. Lastly, the ARID system control effectiveness and the parametric analysis results are further validated by the shaking table experiments. The effectiveness and robustness of the ARID system are well verified. The dynamic characteristics of this system are further studied, and the conclusions of this paper provide a theoretical basis for further development of such unique control system.
The Possibility of Using Spent Coffee Grounds to Improve Wastewater Treatment Due to Respiration Activity of Microorganisms
Authors: Vítězová Monika , Jančiková Simona , Dordević Dani , Vítěz Tomáš , Elbl Jakub , Hanišáková Nikola , Jampílek Josef , Kushkevych Ivan
Published: August 2019

Spent coffee ground (SCG) may affect wastewater treatment processes due to high coffee consumption worldwide. The impact of the main chemical compounds present in SCG on respiration activity of sewage sludge was investigated. The results showed approximately two times higher respiration in the samples where various types of SCG were present in comparison with samples without SCG. During intense microbial metabolism, statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in caffeine, total polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid contents after processing and in filtrate was observed. The monitored compounds (caffeine, polyphenols, and chlorogenic acid) deteriorated due to their probable inclusion in microbiological metabolism. Increase in respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds can help to improve wastewater treatment. The research was focused on spent coffee grounds’ impact on the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge taken from small and large wastewater treatment plants. The impact was measured in more detail due to the inclusion of different coffee species (Robusta and Arabica) in diverse concentrations. The novelty of the study can also be seen through the literature overview, where information cannot be found about SCG influence on the respiration activity of microbial communities, and data on the possible SCG aerobic degradation or utilization by a sewage sludge bacterial consortium has also never been reported. The study has shown the possibility of improving wastewater treatment due to respiration activity of microorganisms in the presence of cheap waste material such as coffee grounds.
Dispersal and Repulsion of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Prenol
Authors: Kin Kassandra , Baiocchi Tiffany , Dillman Adler R.
Published: August 2019

Chemosensory cues are crucial for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs)—a guild of insect-killing parasitic nematodes that are used as biological control agents against a variety of agricultural pests. Dispersal is an essential element of the EPN life cycle in which newly developed infective juveniles (IJs) emerge and migrate away from a resource-depleted insect cadaver in order to search for new hosts. Emergence and dispersal are complex processes that involve biotic and abiotic factors, however, the elements that result in EPN dispersal behaviors have not been well-studied. Prenol is a simple isoprenoid and a natural alcohol found in association with EPN-infected, resource-depleted insect cadavers, and this odorant has been speculated to play a role in dispersal behavior in EPNs. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating the behavioral responses of five different species of EPNs to prenol both as a distal-chemotactic cue and as a dispersal cue. The results indicate that prenol acted as a repulsive agent for all five species tested, while only two species responded to prenol as a dispersal cue.
Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance
Authors: Salehi Bahare , Iriti Marcello , Vitalini Sara , Antolak Hubert , Pawlikowska Ewelina , Kręgiel Dorota , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Oyeleye Sunday I. , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Czopek Katarzyna , Staniak Mariola , Custódio Luísa , Coy-Barrera Ericsson , Segura-Carretero Antonio , Cádiz-Gurrea María de la Luz , Capasso Raffaele , Cho William C. , Seca Ana M. L.
Published: August 2019

Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the treatment of many human ailments, mainly inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Besides, Euphorbia-derived products have great potential as a source of bioactive extracts and pure compounds, which can be used to promote longevity with more health.
Interplay between Phosphatases and the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Mitosis
Authors: Kataria Meghna , Yamano Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

Accurate division of cells into two daughters is a process that is vital to propagation of life. Protein phosphorylation and selective degradation have emerged as two important mechanisms safeguarding the delicate choreography of mitosis. Protein phosphatases catalyze dephosphorylation of thousands of sites on proteins, steering the cells through establishment of the mitotic phase and exit from it. A large E3 ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) becomes active during latter stages of mitosis through G1 and marks hundreds of proteins for destruction. Recent studies have revealed the complex interregulation between these two classes of enzymes. In this review, we highlight the direct and indirect mechanisms by which phosphatases and the APC/C mutually influence each other to ensure accurate spatiotemporal and orderly progression through mitosis, with a particular focus on recent insights and conceptual advances.
A Rainfall Data Intercomparison Dataset of RADKLIM, RADOLAN, and Rain Gauge Data for Germany
Authors: Kreklow Jennifer , Tetzlaff Björn , Kuhnt Gerald , Burkhard Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) derived from weather radars provide spatially and temporally highly resolved rainfall data. However, they are also subject to systematic and random bias and various potential uncertainties and therefore require thorough quality checks before usage. The dataset described in this paper is a collection of precipitation statistics calculated from the hourly nationwide German RADKLIM and RADOLAN QPEs provided by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)), which were combined with rainfall statistics derived from rain gauge data for intercomparison. Moreover, additional information on parameters that can potentially influence radar data quality, such as the height above sea level, information on wind energy plants and the distance to the next radar station, were included in the dataset. The resulting two point shapefiles are readable with all common GIS and constitutes a spatially highly resolved rainfall statistics geodataset for the period 2006 to 2017, which can be used for statistical rainfall analyses or for the derivation of model inputs. Furthermore, the publication of this data collection has the potential to benefit other users who intend to use precipitation data for any purpose in Germany and to identify the rainfall dataset that is best suited for their application by a straightforward comparison of three rainfall datasets without any tedious data processing and georeferencing.
Beyond the State of the Art: Novel Approaches for Thermal and Electrical Transport in Nanoscale Devices
Authors: Biele Robert , D’Agosta Roberto
Published: August 2019

Almost any interaction between two physical entities can be described through the transfer of either charge, spin, momentum, or energy. Therefore, any theory able to describe these transport phenomena can shed light on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological effects, enriching our understanding of complex, yet fundamental, natural processes, e.g., catalysis or photosynthesis. In this review, we will discuss the standard workhorses for transport in nanoscale devices, namely Boltzmann’s equation and Landauer’s approach. We will emphasize their strengths, but also analyze their limits, proposing theories and models useful to go beyond the state of the art in the investigation of transport in nanoscale devices.
Multidimensional Self-Concept and Its Association with Problematic Use of Video Games in Spanish College Students
Authors: Castro-Sánchez Manuel , Rojas-Jiménez Mercedes , Zurita-Ortega Félix , Chacón-Cuberos Ramón
Published: August 2019

Background: At present, new technologies provide numerous benefits in their correct use, while the need arises to study the consumption of some technologies, in this case, videogames, due to the negative consequences that they can cause in those subjects who have not yet consolidated their personality due to their excessive use. The study aimed to determine and establish associations between the dimensions of self-concept and the problematic use of videogames and their gender differences. Methods: A total of 525 university students participated in this study, representing 44.7% of the male gender and 55.3% of the female gender, with an average age of M = 20.80 SD = 3.12 years old. The instruments used were the CESR and AF-5 questionnaires. Results: The results reveal the association (p ≤ 0.05) between the problematic use of videogames and the dimensions of self-concept, showing that students with severe or potential problems have lower levels of self-concept. In addition, it has been found that men have more problems associated with the use of video games than women. Men have a greater physical and emotional self-concept, while women have better social self-concept. Conclusions: This study highlights the inverse association between self-concept and problematic use of video games, a fact that shows the need to develop intervention programs aimed at improving self-concept and to reduce the problematic use of video games. Likewise, the levels of self-concept reveal that men have higher scores in the emotional and physical dimension, while women stand out in the social dimension.
Oil-Cooling Method of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Guo Fulai , Zhang Chengning
Published: August 2019

The typical motor has poor heat dissipation conditions that are limited by the installation space and working environment, and the high operation temperature increase has been a bottleneck to improve the power density and torque density. The inner rotor motor is considered to be the research object, and an oil-cooling structure for end winding and stator core is proposed. The heat inside the motor is mainly carried away through the lubricating oil in the form of heat conduction and convection heat transfer. The 3d motor model was built using the ANSYS software. The temperature field of the motor was simulated to analyze the temperature distribution inside the motor under rated and peak working conditions. The low-speed high-torque test and one-hour temperature-rise test of the motor prototype were performed on a bench built in the laboratory. The comparison between the test results with water-cooled motor shows that the temperature-rise rate of oil-cooled motor with the same electromagnetic structure is slower than that of water-jacketed cooled motor, and the temperature difference between the front and back of the motor decreases by 18 °C in half an hour. The oil-cooled method has a good cooling effect on the stator core and works for longer time under rated conditions.
Design and Test of Cryogenic Cold Plate for Thermal-Vacuum Testing of Space Components
Authors: Díez-Jiménez Efrén , Alcover-Sánchez Roberto , Pereira Emiliano , Gómez García María Jesús , Martínez Vián Patricia
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel cryogenic fluid cold plate designed for the testing of cryogenic space components. The cold plate is able to achieve cryogenic temperature operation down to −196 °C with a low liquid nitrogen (LN2) consumption. A good tradeoff between high rigidity and low thermal conduction is achieved thanks to a hexapod configuration, which is formed by six hinge–axle–hole articulations in which each linking rod bears only axial loads. Thus, there is not any stress concentration, which reduces the diameter of rod sections and reduces the rods’ thermal conduction. This novel design has a unique set of the following properties: Simple construction, low thermal conduction, high thermal inertia, lack of vibrational noise when cooling, isostatic structural behavior, high natural frequency response, adjustable position, vacuum-suitability, reliability, and non-magnetic. Additionally, the presented cold plate design is low-cost and can be easily replicated. Experimental tests showed that a temperature of at least −190 °C can be reached on the top surface of the cold plate with an LN2 consumption of 10 liters and a minimum vibration frequency of 115 Hz, which is high enough for most vibration tests of space components.
Intake of Radionuclides in the Trees of Fukushima Forests 1. Field Study
Authors: Yasukawa Chisato , Aoki Shoko , Nonaka Miki , Itakura Masateru , Tsubokura Masaharu , Baba Kei’ichi , Ohbayashi Hiroya , Sugawara Izumi , Seyama Tomoko , Uehara Iwao , Kaida Rumi , Taji Teruaki , Sakata Yoichi , Hayashi Takahisa
Published: August 2019

The earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 led to a meltdown followed by a hydrogen explosion at the Fukushima–Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, causing the dispersal of abundant radionuclides into the atmosphere and ocean. The radionuclides were deposited onto trees and local residences in aerosol or gaseous forms that were partly absorbed by rain or melting snow. Here, we show that the radionuclides attached to the surfaces of trees, in which some radiocesium was incorporated into the xylem through ray cells and through symplastic pathways. The level of incorporated radiocesium varied based on tree species and age because of the ability of radiocesium to attach to the surface of the outer bark. After four years, the radiocesium level in the forest has been decreasing as it is washed out with rainwater into the sea and as it decays over time due to its half-life, but it can also be continuously recycled through leaf tissue, litter, mulch, and soil. As a result, the level of radiocesium was relatively increased in the heartwood and roots of trees at four years after the event. In private forest fields, most trees were left as afforested trees without being used for timber, although some trees were cut down. We discuss an interdisciplinary field study on the immediate effects of high radiation levels upon afforested trees in private forest fields.
At a Microsite Scale, Native Vegetation Determines Spatial Patterns and Survival of Pinus contorta Invasion in Patagonia
Authors: Langdon Bárbara , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Pauchard Aníbal
Published: August 2019

Research Highlights: The invasive species Pinus contorta, has become a new component of the vegetation in the Patagonian Steppe, invading the complex matrix of bare ground, tussock grasses and cushion plants. At a microsite scale, the type of native vegetation is one of the multiple factors determining the establishment of P. contorta and in some cases, increasing its survival, and as a result, the invasion of the species. Background and Objectives: The presence of trees, particularly pines, where they are naturally absent, represents a clear threat to Patagonian steppe ecosystems. Thus, understanding the interaction between pines and native plant species may be the key to understanding the invasion and applying management actions. Pinus contorta is considered one of the most aggressive among the pines species, with recognized impacts on regions in the southern hemisphere and Europe, and it is one of the main invaders in the Patagonian steppe. Our aim in this study is to determine the influence of surrounding vegetation on P. contorta spatial distribution, its establishment and future development in the Chilean Patagonia. Materials and Methods: We used point pattern analysis to determine the existence of spatial associations between P. contorta and the resident vegetation of the Patagonian steppe. Further, a seeding experiment was carried out to assess the influence of the surrounding vegetation during P. contorta establishment and first growing season. Results: We found that young P. contorta individuals are positively associated with the native cushion plant B. magellanica and also to tussock grasses. Seeding experiments showed that P. contorta is influenced by resident plant species during establishment and is able to establish on any ground cover type in the Patagonian steppe, but some resident plant species increase P. contorta survival chances. Conclusions: Pinus contorta is interacting with native vegetation and becoming an active component of the Patagonian steppe mosaic. Although pines can establish in any type of vegetation in the Patagonian steppe mosaics, native cushion and tussock grasses may be facilitating the process and promoting pine survival, allowing it to survive and thrive in this stressful environment.
Chemosensory Characteristics of Two Semanotus bifasciatus Populations
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Shen Sifan , Zhang Shiyu , Wang Hongbin , Kong Xiangbo , Liu Fu , Zhang Zhen
Published: August 2019

Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) is a major forest borer in China, and attractants provide a promising method for the control of this pest. Exploration of the chemosensory mechanisms of S. bifasciatus is important for the development of efficient attractants for this pest. However, little information is available about the olfactory mechanisms of S. bifasciatus. Previous research has indicated that the trapping effects of the same attractant are different between Beijing and Shandong populations of S. bifasciatus. To explore the reasons for this, next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze the antennal transcriptome of both sexes of the two S. bifasciatus populations, and the olfactory-related genes were identified. Furthermore, the expression levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the olfactory-related genes between the two populations were compared. We found that the expression levels of odorant binding proteins (OBPs), odorant receptors (ORs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in male S. bifasciatus of the Beijing population were obviously lower than those in the Shandong population, and most of the conserved SNPs in OBPs and ORs of the two populations showed more diversity in the Beijing population. Our work provides a foundation for future research of the molecular olfactory mechanisms and pest management of S. bifasciatus, as well as other longhorn beetles.
Identification of a Lactic Acid Bacteria to Degrade Biogenic Amines in Chinese Rice Wine and Its Enzymatic Mechanism
Authors: Niu Tianjiao , Li Xing , Guo Yongjie , Ma Ying
Published: August 2019

A L. plantarum, CAU 3823, which can degrade 40% of biogenic amines (BAs) content in Chinese rice wine (CRW) at the end of post-fermentation, was selected and characterized in this work. It would be an optimal choice to add 106 cfu/mL of selected strain into the fermentation broth to decrease the BAs while keeping the character and quality of CRW. Nine amine oxidases were identified from the strain and separated using Sephadex column followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The purified amine oxidase mixture showed a high monoamine oxidase activity of 19.8 U/mg, and more than 40% of BAs could be degraded. The biochemical characters of the amine oxidases were also studied. This work seeks to provide a better solution to degrade BAs in CRW prior to keeping the character and quality of CRW and a better understanding of the degradability of the strain to the BAs.
A Community EcoHealth Index from EnviroAtlas Ecosystem Services Metrics
Authors: Cochran Ferdouz , Jackson Laura , Neale Anne , Lovette John , Tran Liem
Published: August 2019

Human health is inextricably tied to ecosystem services (ES), including those associated with greenspace in urban communities. EnviroAtlas provides close to 100 maps of ES metrics based on high-resolution land cover data in featured communities across the contiguous United States. Using selected EnviroAtlas ES metrics, a Community EcoHealth Index (CEHI) was created based on an ecohealth framework including health promotion and hazard buffering domains. Aggregation of eight selected ES metrics in these domains entailed a weighted distance measure, where objective, data-driven weights were generated. CEHI was calculated by Census Block Group (CBG) at both the local level and the national level for 22 EnviroAtlas communities. Results were mapped to show one- to five-star CBGs or neighborhoods within and across all 22 featured communities. At the national level, CEHI favors communities in forested ecoregions. The local version of CEHI is more appropriate to inform social, economic, and environmental decision-making for improving community ES associated with human health.
The Predictive Value of Emotional Intelligence for Internet Gaming Disorder: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dang Della L. , Zhang Meng Xuan , Leong Karlas Kin-hei , Wu Anise M. S.
Published: August 2019

This one-year longitudinal study examined trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). To date, only cross-sectional research has been conducted to test the protective effects of emotional intelligence against IGD tendency. Based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study aimed to address the research gap by examining not only the direct effects of trait emotional intelligence, but also its indirect effects (via depressive symptoms and coping flexibility) on IGD, with both a cross-sectional and longitudinal design. The participants were 282 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.47; 39.4% males) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline (W1) and one-year follow-up (W2). Path analysis results revealed that trait emotional intelligence had a protective but indirect effect on IGD tendency in both our cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Depression was found to have a significant, full mediating effect on the relationship between: (i) trait emotional intelligence and IGD tendency (W2) and (ii) coping flexibility and IGD tendency (W2), after adjusting for IGD tendency at the baseline (W1). Gender invariance of the path coefficient was also observed in the prospective model. This study provided longitudinal evidence to support the I-PACE model. Interventions should address both IGD and depressive symptoms, and school-based workshops to increase emotional intelligence and coping flexibility are also recommended.
Environmental Influences on Food Behaviour
Authors: Paquet Catherine
Published: August 2019

The ubiquitous presence of food cues in our modern environment is believed to contribute to the rising trends in overconsumption and associated obesity observed over the last few decades [...]
How to Obtain a Reliable Estimate of Occupational Exposure? Review and Discussion of Models’ Reliability
Authors: Spinazzè Andrea , Borghi Francesca , Campagnolo Davide , Rovelli Sabrina , Keller Marta , Fanti Giacomo , Cattaneo Andrea , Cavallo Domenico Maria
Published: August 2019

Evaluation and validation studies of quantitative exposure models for occupational exposure assessment are still scarce and generally only consider a limited number of exposure scenarios. The aim of this review was to report the current state of knowledge of models’ reliability in terms of precision, accuracy, and robustness. A systematic review was performed through searches of major scientific databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed), concerning reliability of Tier1 (“ECETOC TRA”-European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Targeted Risk Assessment, MEASE, and EMKG-Expo-Tool) and Tier2 models (STOFFENMANAGER® and “ART”-Advanced Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Tool). Forty-five studies were identified, and we report the complete information concerning model performance in different exposure scenarios, as well as between-user reliability. Different studies describe the ECETOC TRA model as insufficient conservative to be a Tier1 model, in different exposure scenarios. Contrariwise, MEASE and EMKG-Expo-Tool seem to be conservative enough, even if these models have not been deeply evaluated. STOFFENMANAGER® resulted the most balanced and robust model. Finally, ART was generally found to be the most accurate and precise model, with a medium level of conservatism. Overall, the results showed that no complete evaluation of the models has been conducted, suggesting the need for correct and harmonized validation of these tools.
Pregnant Smokers’ Experiences and Opinions of Techniques Aimed to Address Barriers and Facilitators to Smoking Cessation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fergie Libby , Coleman Tim , Ussher Michael , Cooper Sue , Campbell Katarzyna A
Published: August 2019

Pregnant women experience certain barriers and facilitators (B&Fs) when trying to quit smoking. This study aimed to elicit women’s views on techniques that could help overcome or enhance these. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 pregnant women who had experience of smoking during pregnancy. Participants were prompted to discuss experiences of B&Fs and give suggestions of techniques that could address these appropriately. A thematic analysis was conducted using the one sheet of paper method. Four themes relating to suggested techniques were identified: accessing professional help, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), distraction, and social interactions. Experiences of accessing professional help were generally positive, especially if there was a good rapport with, and easy access to a practitioner. Most women were aware of NRT, those who had used it reported both negative and positive experiences. Praise and encouragement from others towards cessation attempts appeared motivating; peer support groups were deemed useful. Women reported experiencing B&Fs which fell under four themes: influence of others, internal motivation, cues to smoke, and health. Overall, accessing professional support generated positive changes in smoking habits. Establishing ways of how to encourage more women to seek help and raising awareness of different types of support available would seem beneficial.