bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enlarged periventricular space and periventricular lesion extension on baseline brain MRI predicts poor neurological outcomes in cryptococcus meningoencephalitis
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Ryu Young Jin , Moon Jangsup , Lee Soon-Tae , Jung Keun-Hwa , Park Kyung-Il , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Chu Kon
Published: March 2021

In Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis, brain MRI findings might reflect the phathomechanism of disease progression that is fungal accumulation in the peri-venular space and consequent invasion into the parenchyma. This study analyzed serial brain MRI findings of 76 patients with cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in association with the disease progression and outcomes. MRI parameters included the enlarged periventricular space (ePVS) score (range 0–8), periventricular lesion extension, cryptococcoma, and hydrocephalus. Clinical outcomes at 2-week, 10-week, and 6-month were evaluated using modified Rankin scale (mRS). At 6 months, 15 (19.7%) patients died and 34 (44.1%) had poor neurological outcomes (mRS scores > 2). At baseline, an ePVS score of ≥ 5 (Odds-ratio [OR]: 94.173, 95% confidence-interval [95%CI]: 7.507–1181.295, P < .001), periventricular lesion extension (OR: 51.965, 95%CI: 2.592–1041.673, P = .010), and presence of encephalitis feature (OR: 44.487, 95%CI: 1.689–1172.082, P = .023) were associated with 6-month poor outcomes. Presence of two or more risk factors among encephalitis feature, ePVS score ≥ 5, and periventricular lesion extension at baseline, was associated with 6-month poor outcomes (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978, P < .001) and mortality (AUC: 0.836, P < .001). Disease progression was associated with interval development of cryptococcoma and hydrocephalus. Brain MRI findings might be useful in predicting outcomes and monitoring the progression of cryptococcus meningoencephalitis.
Presence of interplate channel layer controls of slip during and after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake through the frictional characteristics
Authors: Nakata Ryoko , Hori Takane , Miura Seiichi , Hino Ryota
Published: March 2021

There are significant differences between the middle and southern segments of the Japan Trench in terms of the seismic and aseismic slips on the plate interface and seismic velocity structures. Although the large coseismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake was limited to the middle segment, the observed negative residual gravity anomaly area in the southern segment corresponds to the postseismic slip area of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. A density distribution model can explain the different slip behaviours of the two segments by considering their structural differences. The model indicates that the plate interface in the south was covered with a thick channel layer, as indicated by seismic survey imaging, and this layer resulted in a residual gravity anomaly. Numerical simulations which assumed evident frictional heterogeneity caused by the layer in the south efficiently reproduced M9 earthquakes recurring only in the middle, followed by evident postseismic slips in the south. This study proposes that although the layer makes the megathrust less compliant to seismic slip, it promotes aseismic slips following the growth of seismic slips on the fault in an adjacent region.
Development of PUFF–Gaussian dispersion model for the prediction of atmospheric distribution of particle concentration
Authors: Lee Jooyong , Lee Sungsu , Son HyunA , Yi Waon-ho
Published: March 2021

Mt. Baekdu’s eruption precursors are continuously observed and have become a global social issue. Volcanic activities in neighboring Japan are also active. There are no direct risks of proximity-related disasters in South Korea from the volcanic eruptions at Japan or Mt. Baekdu; however, severe impacts are expected from the spread of volcanic ash. Numerical analysis models are generally used to predict and analyze the diffusion of volcanic ash, and each numerical analysis model has its own limitations caused by the computational algorithm it employs. In this study, we analyzed the PUFF–UAF model, an ash dispersion model based on the Lagrangian approach, and observed that the number of particles used in tracking substantially affected the results. Even with the presence of millions of particles, the concentration of ash predicted by the PUFF–UAF model does not accurately represent the dispersion. To overcome this deficit and utilize the computational efficiency of the Lagrangian model, we developed a PUFF–Gaussian model to consider the dispersive nature of ash by applying the Gaussian dispersion theory to the results of the PUFF–UAF model. The results of the proposed method were compared with the field measurements from actual volcanic eruptions, and the comparison showed that the proposed method can produce reasonably accurate predictions for ash dispersion.
Automatic lumen detection and magnetic alignment control for magnetic-assisted capsule colonoscope system optimization
Authors: Yen Sheng-Yang , Huang Hao-En , Lien Gi-Shih , Liu Chih-Wen , Chu Chia-Feng , Huang Wei-Ming , Suk Fat-Moon
Published: March 2021

We developed a magnetic-assisted capsule colonoscope system with integration of computer vision-based object detection and an alignment control scheme. Two convolutional neural network models A and B for lumen identification were trained on an endoscopic dataset of 9080 images. In the lumen alignment experiment, models C and D used a simulated dataset of 8414 images. The models were evaluated using validation indexes for recall (R), precision (P), mean average precision (mAP), and F1 score. Predictive performance was evaluated with the area under the P-R curve. Adjustments of pitch and yaw angles and alignment control time were analyzed in the alignment experiment. Model D had the best predictive performance. Its R, P, mAP, and F1 score were 0.964, 0.961, 0.961, and 0.963, respectively, when the area of overlap/area of union was at 0.3. In the lumen alignment experiment, the mean degrees of adjustment for yaw and pitch in 160 trials were 21.70° and 13.78°, respectively. Mean alignment control time was 0.902 s. Finally, we compared the cecal intubation time between semi-automated and manual navigation in 20 trials. The average cecal intubation time of manual navigation and semi-automated navigation were 9 min 28.41 s and 7 min 23.61 s, respectively. The automatic lumen detection model, which was trained using a deep learning algorithm, demonstrated high performance in each validation index.
Inflation of tumor mutation burden by tumor-only sequencing in under-represented groups
Authors: Asmann Yan W. , Parikh Kaushal , Bergsagel P. Leif , Dong Haidong , Adjei Alex A. , Borad Mitesh J. , Mansfield Aaron S.
Published: March 2021

With the recent FDA approval of tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) status as a biomarker for treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor regardless of tumor type, accurate assessment of patient-specific TMB is more critical now more than ever. Using paired tumor and germline exome sequencing data from 701 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma, including 575 self-reported White patients and 126 self-reported Black patients, we observed that compared to the gold standard of filtering germline variants with patient-paired germline sequencing data, TMB estimates were significantly higher in both Black and White patients when using public databases for filtering non-somatic mutations; however, TMB was more significantly inflated in Black patients compared to White patients. TMB as a biomarker for patient selection to receive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy without patient-paired germline sequencing may introduce racial bias due to the under-representation of minority groups in public databases.
Quantitative investigation reveals distinct phases in Drosophila sleep
Authors: Xu Xiaochan , Yang Wei , Tian Binghui , Sui Xiuwen , Chi Weilai , Rao Yi , Tang Chao
Published: March 2021

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for the molecular and genetic dissection of sleeping behaviors. However, most previous studies were based on qualitative or semi-quantitative characterizations. Here we quantified sleep in flies. We set up an assay to continuously track the activity of flies using infrared camera, which monitored the movement of tens of flies simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. We obtained accurate statistics regarding the rest and sleep patterns of single flies. Analysis of our data has revealed a general pattern of rest and sleep: the rest statistics obeyed a power law distribution and the sleep statistics obeyed an exponential distribution. Thus, a resting fly would start to move again with a probability that decreased with the time it has rested, whereas a sleeping fly would wake up with a probability independent of how long it had slept. Resting transits to sleeping at time scales of minutes. Our method allows quantitative investigations of resting and sleeping behaviors and our results provide insights for mechanisms of falling into and waking up from sleep.
Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography utilizing nanobody technology for expression screening of membrane proteins
Authors: Jin Fei , Shen Cheng , Wang Yao , Wang Mengqi , Sun Minxuan , Hattori Motoyuki
Published: March 2021

GFP fusion-based fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography (FSEC) has been widely employed for membrane protein expression screening. However, fused GFP itself may occasionally affect the expression and/or stability of the targeted membrane protein, leading to both false-positive and false-negative results in expression screening. Furthermore, GFP fusion technology is not well suited for some membrane proteins, depending on their membrane topology. Here, we developed an FSEC assay utilizing nanobody (Nb) technology, named FSEC-Nb, in which targeted membrane proteins are fused to a small peptide tag and recombinantly expressed. The whole-cell extracts are solubilized, mixed with anti-peptide Nb fused to GFP for FSEC analysis. FSEC-Nb enables the evaluation of the expression, monodispersity and thermostability of membrane proteins without the need for purification but does not require direct GFP fusion to targeted proteins. Our results show FSEC-Nb as a powerful tool for expression screening of membrane proteins for structural and functional studies.
TagBiFC technique allows long-term single-molecule tracking of protein-protein interactions in living cells
Authors: Shao Shipeng , Zhang Hongchen , Zeng Yong , Li Yongliang , Sun Chaoying , Sun Yujie
Published: March 2021

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are critical for cellular activity regulation. Visualization of PPIs using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) techniques helps to understand how PPIs implement their functions. However, current BiFC is based on fluorescent proteins and the brightness and photostability are suboptimal for single molecule tracking experiments, resulting in either low spatiotemporal resolution or incapability of tracking for extended time course. Here, we developed the TagBiFC technique based on split HaloTag, a self-labeling tag that could conjugate an organic dye molecule and thus offered better brightness and photostability than fluorescent proteins for PPI visualization inside living cells. Through screening and optimization, we demonstrated that the reconstituted HaloTag exhibited higher localization precision and longer tracking length than previous methods. Using TagBiFC, we reveal that the dynamic interactions of transcription factor dimers with chromatin DNA are distinct and closely related to their dimeric states, indicating a general regulatory mechanism for these kinds of transcription factors. In addition, we also demonstrated the advantageous applications of TagBiFC in single nucleosome imaging, light-burden imaging of single mRNA, low background imaging of cellular structures. We believe these superior properties of our TagBiFC system will have broad applications in the studies of single molecule imaging inside living cells.
Cooperation between oncogenic Ras and wild-type p53 stimulates STAT non-cell autonomously to promote tumor radioresistance
Authors: Dong Yong-Li , Vadla Gangadhara P. , Lu Jin-Yu , Ahmad Vakil , Klein Thomas J. , Liu Lu-Fang , Glazer Peter M. , Xu Tian , Chabu Chiswili-Yves
Published: March 2021

Oncogenic RAS mutations are associated with tumor resistance to radiation therapy. Cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence therapy outcomes. However, the nature of these interactions and their role in Ras tumor radioresistance remain unclear. Here we use Drosophila oncogenic Ras tissues and human Ras cancer cell radiation models to address these questions. We discover that cellular response to genotoxic stress cooperates with oncogenic Ras to activate JAK/STAT non-cell autonomously in the TME. Specifically, p53 is heterogeneously activated in Ras tumor tissues in response to irradiation. This mosaicism allows high p53-expressing Ras clones to stimulate JAK/STAT cytokines, which activate JAK/STAT in the nearby low p53-expressing surviving Ras clones, leading to robust tumor re-establishment. Blocking any part of this cell-cell communication loop re-sensitizes Ras tumor cells to irradiation. These findings suggest that coupling STAT inhibitors to radiotherapy might improve clinical outcomes for Ras cancer patients.
Architectural control of metabolic plasticity in epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Al-Masri Maia , Paliotti Karina , Tran Raymond , Halaoui Ruba , Lelarge Virginie , Chatterjee Sudipa , Wang Li-Ting , Moraes Christopher , McCaffrey Luke
Published: March 2021

Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to adapt to changing conditions during cancer progression, whereas metabolic dependencies limit plasticity. To understand a role for the architectural environment in these processes we examined metabolic dependencies of cancer cells cultured in flat (2D) and organotypic (3D) environments. Here we show that cancer cells in flat cultures exist in a high energy state (oxidative phosphorylation), are glycolytic, and depend on glucose and glutamine for growth. In contrast, cells in organotypic culture exhibit lower energy and glycolysis, with extensive metabolic plasticity to maintain growth during glucose or amino acid deprivation. Expression of KRASG12V in organotypic cells drives glucose dependence, however cells retain metabolic plasticity to glutamine deprivation. Finally, our data reveal that mechanical properties control metabolic plasticity, which correlates with canonical Wnt signaling. In summary, our work highlights that the architectural and mechanical properties influence cells to permit or restrict metabolic plasticity.
Population genomics and haplotype analysis in spelt and bread wheat identifies a gene regulating glume color
Authors: Abrouk Michael , Athiyannan Naveenkumar , Müller Thomas , Pailles Yveline , Stritt Christoph , Roulin Anne C. , Chu Chenggen , Liu Shuyu , Morita Takumi , Handa Hirokazu , Poland Jesse , Keller Beat , Krattinger Simon G.
Published: March 2021

The cloning of agriculturally important genes is often complicated by haplotype variation across crop cultivars. Access to pan-genome information greatly facilitates the assessment of structural variations and rapid candidate gene identification. Here, we identified the red glume 1 (Rg-B1) gene using association genetics and haplotype analyses in ten reference grade wheat genomes. Glume color is an important trait to characterize wheat cultivars. Red glumes are frequent among Central European spelt, a dominant wheat subspecies in Europe before the 20th century. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to characterize a global diversity panel of 267 spelt accessions, which provided evidence for two independent introductions of spelt into Europe. A single region at the Rg-B1 locus on chromosome 1BS was associated with glume color in the diversity panel. Haplotype comparisons across ten high-quality wheat genomes revealed a MYB transcription factor as candidate gene. We found extensive haplotype variation across the ten cultivars, with a particular group of MYB alleles that was conserved in red glume wheat cultivars. Genetic mapping and transient infiltration experiments allowed us to validate this particular MYB transcription factor variants. Our study demonstrates the value of multiple high-quality genomes to rapidly resolve copy number and haplotype variations in regions controlling agriculturally important traits.
Mass spectrometric based detection of protein nucleotidylation in the RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Conti Brian J. , Leicht Andrew S. , Kirchdoerfer Robert N. , Sussman Michael R.
Published: March 2021

Coronaviruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), encode a nucleotidyl transferase in the N-terminal (NiRAN) domain of the nonstructural protein (nsp) 12 protein within the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Here we show the detection of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and uridine monophosphate-modified amino acids in nidovirus proteins using heavy isotope-assisted mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS peptide sequencing. We identified lysine-143 in the equine arteritis virus (EAV) protein, nsp7, as a primary site of in vitro GMP attachment via a phosphoramide bond. In SARS-CoV-2 replicase proteins, we demonstrate nsp12-mediated nucleotidylation of nsp7 lysine-2. Our results demonstrate new strategies for detecting GMP-peptide linkages that can be adapted for higher throughput screening using mass spectrometric technologies. These data are expected to be important for a rapid and timely characterization of a new enzymatic activity in SARS-CoV-2 that may be an attractive drug target aimed at limiting viral replication in infected patients.
Preparation of a magnetic metal–organic square and metal–organic cubes using 4,5-bis(2-imidazolinyl)imidazolate: slow magnetization relaxation behavior in mixed-valent octamanganese(ii/iii) clusters
Authors: Kamebuchi Hajime , Murakami Hiroki , Shiga Ryosuke , Tadokoro Makoto
Published: March 2021

Functional metal–organic squares (MOSs) and metal–organic cubes (MOCs) are important building units for zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks (ZMOFs), which are required to exhibit solid-state properties, such as dielectric and magnetic properties.
238U–206Pb dating of U-series disequilibrium zircons by secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Yong-Shu , Li Qiu-Li , Liu Yu , Liu Ping-Ping , Chung Sun-Lin , Li Xian-Hua
Published: March 2021

Theoretical and analytical methods for 238U–206Pb dating of U-series disequilibrium zircons by secondary ion mass spectrometry are developed. U–Pb dates improve age precision 3 times better than U–Th dating for zircon >150 ka.
Differences in diterpenoid diversity reveal new evidence for separating the genus Coleus from Plectranthus
Authors: Grayer Renée J. , Paton Alan J. , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Howes Melanie-Jayne R.
Published: March 2021

Striking differences in abietane diterpenoids between species of Plectranthus and Coleus are highlighted, supporting their recent taxonomic split, and underpinning the selection of species with potential medicinal and other economic importance.
Green sonochemical synthesis of BaDy2NiO5/Dy2O3 and BaDy2NiO5/NiO nanocomposites in the presence of core almond as a capping agent and their application as photocatalysts for the removal of organic dyes in water
Authors: Yousefi Seyede Raheleh , Sobhani Azam , Alshamsi Hassan Abbas , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: March 2021

The sonochemical synthesis of Dy2BaNiO5 nanocomposites is reported, for the first time. The metal nitrates and core almond are used as precursors and capping agent, respectively. Effect of sonication power is investigated in this work.
Force chains in crystalline and frustrated packing visualized by stress-birefringent spheres
Authors: Fischer David , Stannarius Ralf , Tell Karsten , Yu Peidong , Sperl Matthias
Published: March 2021

Stress-birefringent spheres in a triangular lattice exposed to a vertical force.
A dual-mode label-free electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of procalcitonin based on g-C3N4-NiCo2S4-CNTs-Ag NPs
Authors: Xu Xiaoting , Li Xuan , Miao Juncong , Liu Lei , Huang Xinyi , Wei Qin , Cao Wei
Published: March 2021

A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometric i–t curve (i–t) dual-mode analysis is proposed for early quantitative detection of procalcitonin (PCT).
Global identification of the cellular targets for a multi-molecule system by a photochemically-induced coupling reaction
Authors: Zhao Meimei , Yao Lu , Zhang Xiaowen , Wang Lichao , Tu Pengfei , Zeng Kewu
Published: March 2021

We established a target identification technology for multi-molecule systems by preparing DHBP-bound Fe3O4 NPs with photochemically-induced crosslinking capacity.
A porphysome-based photodynamic O2 economizer for hypoxic tumor treatment by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Zheng‡ Rongrong , Chen‡ Xiayun , Zhao Linping , Yang Ni , Guan Runtian , Chen Ali , Yu Xiyong , Cheng Hong , Wang Chang , Li Shiying
Published: March 2021

A porphysome-based photodynamic O2 economizer is developed to inhibit mitochondrial respiration for enhanced photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumors.
Stabilization of the hindered urea bond through de-tert-butylation
Authors: Yang Yingfeng , Ying Hanze , Jia Yunchao , Chen Yingying , Cheng Jianjun
Published: March 2021

A facile acid-assisted de-tert-butylation reaction that can instantly “turn off” the dynamicity of hindered urea bonds (HUBs) and stabilize HUB-containing structures.
VCD spectroscopy reveals that a water molecule determines the conformation of azithromycin in solution
Authors: Demarque Daniel P. , Kemper Michael , Merten Christian
Published: March 2021

Despite the large and flexible structure of azithromycin, VCD spectroscopy is sensitive to a single molecule of water incorporated in the hydrogen bonding network above the macrocycle.
A single quantum dot-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for antibody-free detection of ten-eleven translocation 1
Authors: Hu Juan , Yao Jie , Wang Jufeng , Pan Li-yuan , Qiu Jian-Ge , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: March 2021

We developed a single quantum dot-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for antibody-free detection of ten-eleven translocation 1.
The trimorphism of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Braun Doris E.
Published: March 2021

A computationally driven experimental search for polymorphs of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid confirmed the third form and the small energy differences between the polymorphs.
Excited state dipole moments and lifetimes of 2-cyanoindole from rotationally resolved electronic Stark spectroscopy
Authors: Hebestreit Marie-Luise , Lartian Hilda , Henrichs Christian , Kühnemuth Ralf , Meerts W. Leo , Schmitt Michael
Published: March 2021

The rotationally resolved electronic spectrum of 2-cyanoindole has been measured and analyzed using evolutionary strategies. Dipole moments, transition dipole, and life time of the isolated molecule have been extracted and compared to ab initio calculations.
High-resolution FTIR spectroscopy of benzaldehyde in the far-infrared region: probing the rotational barrier
Authors: Liang Yue , Zhang Yichi , Fábri Csaba , Ma Jiarui , Zhao Jianbao , Billinghurst Brant , Chen Ziqiu
Published: March 2021

The assignment of the fundamental and the first two hot bands of the –CHO torsional mode in benzaldehyde.
Tuning the edge states in X-type carbon based molecules for applications in nonlinear optics
Authors: Yang Cui-Cui , Zheng Xue-Lian , Tian Wei Quan , Li Wei-Qi , Yang Ling
Published: March 2021

Introduction of carbonyl group stabilizes the zigzag edges while keeping good 2nd NLO properties of X-type graphene nanoribbons and further addition of functional groups (NH2/NO2) significantly enhances the NLO properties of those nanomaterials.
Separation, characterization and hypoglycemic activity in vitro evaluation of a low molecular weight heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting body of Phellinus pini
Authors: Yang Kai , Jin Yuezhong , Cai Ming , He Pengfei , Tian Baoming , Guan Rongfa , Yu Genrong , Sun Peilong
Published: March 2021

Isolation and characterization of low molecular weight heteropolysaccharides with in vitro hypoglycemic activity from Phellinus pini.
Unravelling the effects of procyanidin on gliadin digestion and immunogenicity
Authors: Ricardo Dias , Telmo Francisco , Catarina Bessa Pereira , Nuno Mateus , Victor de Freitas , Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
Published: March 2021

The effect of procyanidin dimer B3, a common food tannin, on the digestion of gliadin proteins was investigated by monitoring the changes in the immunogenic peptides produced duringin vitrodigestion and immunoreactivity.
Classification of minerals and the assessment of lithium and beryllium content in granitoid rocks by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Janovszky Patrick , Jancsek Krisztián , Palásti Dávid J. , Kopniczky Judit , Hopp Béla , M. Tóth Tivadar , Galbács Gábor
Published: March 2021

LIBS analysis is efficient in the classification of mineral grains and the prospecting of Be and Li in granitoid rocks.
Recent progress in materials development for CO2conversion: issues and challenges
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Modak Arindam , Samanta Arnab , Kole Kanika , Jana Subhra
Published: March 2021

A comprehensive and critical in-depth discussion on the development and prospect of several advanced materials for conversion of CO2to value added chemicals is provided, together with their current status, technical feasibility and future opportunities.
Regulating the solution structural integrity and slow magnetic relaxation behavior of two Dy6 clusters with a pyridine–triazole ligand
Authors: Li Hai-Ye , Pang Xu-Hong , Tao Ye , Huang Fu-Ping , Zou Hua-Hong , Liang Fu-Pei
Published: March 2021

Two {Dy6} skeletons consolidated by nitrate (1) and hydroxide (2) have been isolated. HRESI-MS reveals that 1 retains a higher structural integrity and fragment stability. While 2 has a typical slow magnetic relaxation of SMM behavior.
Nonlinear optical properties of diaromatic stilbene, butadiene and thiophene derivatives
Authors: Kukkonen Esa , Lahtinen Elmeri , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Haukka Matti , Konu Jari
Published: March 2021

Stilbene and butadiene derivatives display NLO activity with SHG intensities up to 32 times to that of urea for 2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxy-4′-nitrostilbene.
pH-Responsive expandable polycarbonate–doxorubicin conjugate nanoparticles for fast intracellular drug release
Authors: Liang Enhui , Guo Zhihao , Hu Zhuang , Chen Zhangpei , Reheman Aikebaier , Wang Jiwei , Hu Jianshe
Published: March 2021

Nanoparticles with tertiary amines were prepared, which are pH-responsive, expanding to expose the acid-sensitive chemical bond and accelerating drug release.
A tertiary amine group-based organogelator with pH-trigger recyclable property
Authors: Liu Dan , Dai Shanshan , Wang Li , Liu Ya , Lu Hongsheng
Published: March 2021

The separation and recovery of oils and organogelators can be easily realized by tuning the pH value.
Organocatalytic aminocarbonylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with N,N-dimethyl carbamoylsilane
Authors: Yang Shou-Shan , Ren Ying-Zheng , Guo Yu-Yu , Du Guang-Fen , Cai Zhi-Hua , He Lin
Published: March 2021

Schwesinger's superbase can efficiently activate the Si–CONMe2 bond and initiate the aminocarbonylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones and N,N-dimethyl carbamoylsilane.
Gender-dependent reproductive toxicity of copper metal–organic frameworks and attenuation by surface modification
Authors: Ji Xiaotian , Mo Yousheng , Li Haishan , Zhao Wanling , Zhong Aiqi , Li Shengqing , Wang Qi , Duan Xiaopin , Xiao Jisheng
Published: March 2021

HKSUT-1 is more toxic in male mice than that in female mice, affecting testis histology, sperm development and pregnancy rate. F-HKSUT-1 with folic acid modification relieves reproductive toxicity and even improves pregnancy and fetus development.
Merging kinetic resolution with C–H activation: an efficient approach for enantioselective synthesis
Authors: Sumit  , Chandra Devesh , Sharma Upendra
Published: March 2021

This review summarizes the recent advancements in transition-metal (TM) catalyzed enantioselective C–H activation via kinetic resolution approach.
Squaramide-catalysed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of naphthol and unsaturated pyrazolones
Authors: Wei Ran , Gao Li , Li Gaihui , Tang Li , Zhang Guoshun , Zheng Feilang , Song Heng , Li Qingshan , Ban Shurong
Published: March 2021

The first method for carrying out enantioselective, organocatalytic Michael-type Friedel–Crafts alkylation of naphthol and unsaturated pyrazolones was reported.
The cross-talk between lateral sheet dimensions of pristine graphene oxide nanoparticles and Ni2+ adsorption
Authors: Atawneh Majdoleen , Makharza Sami , Zahran Sahar , Titi Kariman , Takrori Fahed , Hampel Silke
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the removal of nickel(ii) ions by using two sizes of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO – 450 nm and GO – 200 nm).
Patterned few nanometer-thick silver films with high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity
Authors: He Xie , Cao Qijie , Pan Jing , Yang Liu , He Sailing
Published: March 2021

Patterned few nanometers thick silver films with high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility and stability.
Supramolecular gel formation regulated by water content in organic solvents: self-assembly mechanism and biomedical applications
Authors: Liao Lieqiang , Jia Xinjian , Lou Haoxiang , Zhong Jinlian , Liu Huijin , Ding Shunming , Chen Chao , Hong Sanguo , Luo Xuzhong
Published: March 2021

Supramolecular hydrogels with solution–gel–crystal transition, pH- and thermo-reversible characteristics were constructed via a solvent-mediated strategy and applied to cell cultivation and controllable drug release.
An efficient and scalable synthesis of 2,4-di-N-acetyl-l-altrose (l-2,4-Alt-diNAc)
Authors: Niedzwiecka Anna , Sequeira Carita , Zhang Ping , Ling Chang-Chun
Published: March 2021

An efficient and scalable synthesis of pseudaminic acid precursor l-2,4-Alt-diNAc was developed from l-fucose. The desired l-altro configuration and N-acetamido substitutions ensued from a sequence of highly regio- and stereoselective transformations.
Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent
Authors: Arcucci Silvia , Ramos-Delgado Fernanda , Cayron Coralie , Therville Nicole , Gratacap Marie-Pierre , Basset Céline , Thibault Benoit , Guillermet-Guibert Julie
Published: March 2021

PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
Identification of differentially expressed genes and the role of PDK4 in CD14+ monocytes of coronary artery disease
Authors: Du Pei , Guo Ren , Gao Keqin , Yang Shuang , Yao Baige , Cui Haobo , Zhao Ming , Jia Sujie
Published: March 2021

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by development of atherosclerosis (AS), which is the leading cause of mortality and disability. Our study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients compared with those from non-CAD controls, which might pave the way to diagnosis and treatment for CAD. Methods. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed by BGISEQ-500, followed by analyzing with R package to screening DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by R package. In addition, we validated the results of RNA-seq using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we explored the function of selected ten genes in LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes by RT-qPCR. Results. a total of 2897 DEGs were identified, including 753 up- and 2144 down-regulated genes in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plasma membrane and cell periphery of cell component, immune system process of biological process, NF-κB signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. In LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes, the mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion. In the present study, we suggested that PDK4 might play a role in progression of CAD. The study will provide some pieces of evidence to investigate the role and mechanism of key genes in the pathogenesis of CAD.
Recurrent neural network based optimal integral sliding mode tracking control for four‐wheel independently driven robots
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Huang Yu , Rong Youmin , Li Gen , Wang Hui , Liu Chao
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates robust path tracking issue of the four‐wheel independent driven robot (FWIDR) under time‐varying system uncertainties and unavoidable external disturbances. A robust optimal integral sliding mode tracking control (OISMTC) scheme based on double feedback recurrent neural network (DFRNN) is proposed for the FWIDR system. Firstly, the presented OISMTC scheme modifies nominal optimal control part by exploiting an additional integral term to improve the tracking accuracy. Then, the designed DFRNN utilizes a double feedback loops structure to enhance the robustness against large system uncertainties by learning to approximate nonlinear systems. The adaptive law of the DFRNN is presented based on the Lyapunov theory to obtain favourable approximation performance in the presence of the time‐varying operating conditions. Moreover, the asymptotic stability of the resultant FWIDR system is guaranteed by mathematical analysis. Finally, practical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed DFRNN‐OISMTC method.
Robust event‐triggered T–S fuzzy system with successive time‐delay signals and its application
Authors: Vadivel Rajarathinam , Joo Young Hoon
Published: March 2021

This study isrelevant to the topic of a robust event‐triggered mechanism for the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system with successive time‐delay (STD) signals and its application, where the uncertainties satisfy the randomly occurring form. Firstly, an event‐triggered communication scheme is introduced, which can adaptively adjust the communication threshold to save limited communication resource. The primary aim of this study is to model an event‐triggered mechanism with STD, which ensures that the suggested T–S fuzzy system achieves extended dissipative with permissible uncertainties. Secondly, by using the relaxed integral inequality technique, single and double auxillary function‐based integral inequalities to evaluate the derivative of the designed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, quadratically stable condition is established for the delayed fuzzy system in terms of linear matrix inequalities and analyse the , passivity, mixed and passivity, ‐dissipativity execution by choosing the weighting matrices can be solved simultaneously in a standard framework based on the idea of extended dissipative. Finally, simulation studies are given to verify the effectiveness of the derived results, among them one example was supported by the real‐life application of the benchmark problem in the sense of STD signals.
Low-frequency radio spectra of submillimetre galaxies in the Lockman Hole
Authors: Ramasawmy J. , Geach J. E. , Hardcastle M. J. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Bondi M. , Calistro Rivera G. , Cochrane R. K. , Conway J. E. , Coppin K. , Duncan K. J. , Dunlop J. S. , Franco M. , García-Vergara C. , Jarvis M. J. , Kondapally R. , McCheyne I. , Prandoni I. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. , Wang L.
Published: March 2021

Aims. We investigate the radio properties of a sample of 850 μm-selected sources from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) using new deep, low-frequency radio imaging of the Lockman Hole field from the Low Frequency Array. This sample consists of 53 sources, 41 of which are detected at >5σ at 150 MHz.

Methods. Combining these data with additional observations at 324 MHz, 610 MHz, and 1.4 GHz from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Jansky Very Large Array, we find a variety of radio spectral shapes and luminosities (L1.4 GHz ranging from ~4 × 1023−1 × 1025) within our sample despite their similarly bright submillimetre flux densities (>4 mJy). We characterise their spectral shapes in terms of multi-band radio spectral indices. Finding strong spectral flattening at low frequencies in ~20% of sources, we investigate the differences between sources with extremely flat low-frequency spectra and those with ‘normal’ radio spectral indices (α > −0.25).

Results. As there are no other statistically significant differences between the two subgroups of our sample as split by the radio spectral index, we suggest that any differences are undetectable in galaxy-averaged properties that we can observe with our unresolved images, and likely relate to galaxy properties that we cannot resolve, on scales ≲1 kpc. We attribute the observed spectral flattening in the radio to free–free absorption, proposing that those sources with significant low-frequency spectral flattening have a clumpy distribution of star-forming gas. We estimate an average spatial extent of absorbing material of at most several hundred parsecs to produce the levels of absorption observed in the radio spectra. This estimate is consistent with the highest-resolution observations of submillimetre galaxies in the literature, which find examples of non-uniform dust distributions on scales of ~100 pc, with evidence for clumps and knots in the interstellar medium. Additionally, we find two bright (>6 mJy) S2CLS sources undetected at all other wavelengths. We speculate that these objects may be very high redshift sources, likely residing at z > 4.
Euzophera Punicaella Mooze (Lepidoptera) bioecology and development of host entomophagic equilibrium in biocenosis
Authors: Kimsanboev Khujamurod , Rustamov Atkham , Jumaev Rasul , Usmonov Mukhriddin
Published: March 2021

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Pomegranate has been grown in Central Asia for almost 2,000 years. More than 25% of pomegranates in Central Asia are located in Uzbekistan. Pomegranate fruit pest (Euzophera punicaella Mooze) is one of the main pests that reduce the basic quality and export yield of pomegranate. When chemical control measures are applied against them, pomegranates lose their quality and export character and do not always give the expected results. The larvae develop inside the fruit, which is why the effectiveness of medicines is low. We used entomophagous biological agents against this pest, such as Trichogram pintoi, Trichogram chilonis, Trichogram evanescens, Trichogram dendrolimi, and Trichogram ostrinae. For pomegranate fruit worms, Bracon hebetor Say entomophagy was highly effective when used in the laboratory in a ratio of 1:10. It is obvious that biological control measures provide high quality and high efficiency.
Forest fires in Volga federal district of the Russian Federation (2000-2020 years)
Authors: Fazylova Alsu , Nasyrova Elina , Faritova Liana , Elizaryev Alexey
Published: March 2021

Using statistical data, the dynamics of forest fires in the Volga federal district of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2020 years is analyzed. The number and area of forest fires were considered as the initial data. At the same time, the total area of forest fire and of burned forests were taken into account separately. It was found that during the period under review, the minimum number of fires was recorded in 2000, and the maximum in 2018. Out of 14 subjects included in the Volga federal district, forest fires in the Republic of Bashkortostan were studied in detail. The dependence of the number of fires by season is established. Using correlation analysis of the statistical data for 2000-2020, the fact of strong dependence between the number of fires in the Volga federal district and forest area covered by fire was established.
Development of the natural fodder base organisms during breeding of carp fish larvae using soy milk in saltwater drainage system of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nosirov O. , Tosheva N. , Mustafaeva Z. , Yuldashov M. , Kamilov B.
Published: March 2021

In May-June 2019, the development of organisms of the natural food base in fry ponds was studied during the rearing of cultured cyprinids in the brackish water of the drainage system and when using a new type of fertilization/feeding of larvae - soy milk. In the samples, 76 species, forms and varieties of microalgae were noted. The total number of phytoplankton microalgae was 108,512.5 x 103 cl/l, biomass -20.5776 mg/ml. 10 species were found in the zooplankton of ponds (rotifers, cladocerans, copepods); the number of zooplanktoners varied 20.5 - 266.5 thousand ind./m3, biomass - 0.14 - 406.3 g/m3. 12 species of organisms have been recorded in the benthofauna. From a technological point of view, the results of rearing with the use of soy milk turned out to be very high: in 1 month of rearing juveniles of cyprinids in monoculture, fry of 4.5 - 9 g in size were grown from prelarvae with a yield of 43 - 49%.
Cultivation of carp fish in polyculture using soy milk in saltwater drainage system of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tosheva N. , Nosirov O. , Yuldashov M. , Kamilov B.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a new type of fertilizer/feed for Uzbekistan were developed when growing fry to underyearlings. In four experimental nursery ponds (1-3 ha each) with brackish water (2.5 - 3.9‰), cultured carp fish were grown in a pond polyculture using mineral fertilizers and wheat bran soaked in soy milk. In different variants, the total fish productivity was 27 - 48.9 q/ha, underyearlings of all species reached an average weight of more than 100 g, the yield was 76-88%, provided that they were stocked with 5-10 gram fry in early July. Juveniles of cyprinids can be successfully reared in brackish water fed from a collector-drainage system in Uzbekistan.
Representatives of Lepidoptera groups occurred in forestry and agricultural crops and their effective entomophage types
Authors: Jumaev Rasul , Gazibekov Abdumannon , Sulaymonov Otabek , Sobirov Bekzod
Published: March 2021

This article summarizes the data collected on the basis of several years of scientific and practical research, and identifies the bioecology of the main Lepidoptera family with high rates of economic damage to forest and agricultural crops, developmental stages, and species composition and systematics. Accordingly, several species of parasitic entomophages belonging to the families Trichogrammatidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae were studied and systematically analyzed for species composition.
Types of soy plant pests and measures against them in the condition of Uzbekistan
Authors: Zuparov M. , Ablazova M. , Irgasheva N.
Published: March 2021

This paper observed that soybean crops were contaminated with a number of specialized and omnivorous pests in the field, during the storage of grain in warehouses and private households. The study identified 18 species of pests belonging to different families. The main pest of the soybean crop is Dalucho 70% (at a consumption rate of 5.0 l/t), Cruiser Extra 362 from insecticide seed pesticides against autumn night worms. (When planted with 3.0 l/t, the biological efficiency reaches 85-90% and protects the soybean during the entire growing season and prevents pest damage. The main pest of soybeans in field studies against cotton bollworm is the poaching parasite in middle and older cotton According to the results of experiments on the application of nightshade worms in different proportions, the efficiency was 29.8% on the 3rd day, 44.5% on the 7th day and 75.0% on the 10th day when the ratio of free-range and host insects was 1:5. When the parasite was applied at a ratio of 1:10, the biological efficiency was 20.7% on day 3, 42.1% on day 7 and 68.0% at 10 days. The last variant in the observations was 20.3% on day 3 when the parasite was used at a ratio of 1:15, 34.4% at 7 days and 56.1% at 10 days.
Agrochemical properties of degraded desert sandy soils of Uzbekistan
Authors: Karimov Muradjon , Namozov Normamat , Teshaboev Bekzod
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of research conducted in desert sandy soils. The study found that the humus content in the soil was moderate in the upper layer, very low and low in the nitrate form of nitrogen, the amount of mobile phosphorus was low in the surface layer of the soil, and very low in the 1 m layer, high and very high in exchangeable potassium.
Relationship between life of mate butterflies and leading selection characteristics
Authors: Khudayberdieva U. , Navruzov S. , Rajabov N. , Karimov O. , Fozilova K.H.
Published: March 2021

This article examines the history of silkworm breeding, the role of silkworm breeding in the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the role of silkworm breeding in the development of the industry. This is because the interrelationship of traits of economic value is of great importance in selection and breeding work. The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 at the Silk Research Institute of Uzbekistan. The life expectancy of the experimental butterflies was 10.9-12.8 days and the variability was 33.9-56.6%. The coefficient of variability indicates the degree of diversity in the population on this trait. Thus, it is clear from the results that the population of “Marvarid” and “Liniya 27” has the ability to carry out selection work on the sign of life expectancy of female butterflies.
Importance of breeding mulberry trees under vegetative (in vitro) methods in high-quality silk production in Uzbekistan
Authors: Umarov Shavkat , Mirzaeva Yorkinoy , Yalgashev Khurshid , Fozilova Khurshida , Khaydaraliev Javokhir
Published: March 2021

In the first direction of this article, the new Marhamat, Mustaqillik-18 and Jararik-12 varieties of mulberry have economic value characteristics, such as leaf stem size, leaf length, leaf width, leaf stem length, leaf weight, leaf stem weight, leaf stem weight, and net leaf weight. In addition, the systems of mulberry silkworms Liniya-101 and Liniya-205 were cultivated with Marhamat, Jararik-12 and Mustaqillik-18 and Tajik seedless varieties of mulberry. The second direction of the study was the experiments on in vitro propagation of new varieties of tobacco, and the cost-effectiveness of testing in the conditions of production of positive data obtained on the basis of the results of 2017-2020. At the same time, it can be seen that the economic efficiency of mulberry varieties grown and introduced in vitro is 4,695,300 UZS, net profit is 1,577,500 UZS, and the size of profitability is 39.6% contrast to the comparator.