bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of sexual health during old age
Authors: Mishra Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Discussion on sexual health revolves around an individual’s ability to (a) be intimate with a partner, (b) communicate about sexual needs and desires, (c) be sexually functional, (d) act intentionally and responsibly, and (e) set appropriate sexual boundaries. Sexually functional indicates to have desire, become aroused, and obtain sexual fulfilment. The author of this work argues that in the context of old age or elderly people, there exists misconception that older adults are neither sexually active nor interested in sex, it no so. They have sexual desires, however, the extent (and nature) may vary. The fact is that older adults are still sexually active, although the frequency of sexual activity tends to decline with age. In terms of need for research-led discussion, it is important to note that sexual health is of lifelong importance; it is vital for overall health and wellbeing. More specifically, older people have specific needs relating to their sexual health. Sexual health throughout the life course is increasingly recognised as important to maintaining one's overall ‘health’, and ‘well-being’ (including ‘relationships’). However, evidence on effective interventions to support later-life sexual health is limited. It is pertinent to note that at advanced (old) age, older adults encounter several challenges in matters pertaining to fulfilment of sexual desire due to complex and multiple factors. Understanding sexual activity of older adults requires deeper insight into physical, mental and emotional aspects of health, in its totality. This paper aims to research into how people during old age can better manage their sexual health. Secondary data (‘qualitative’ in nature) have been used, and method of data analysis is ‘descriptive’. The paper briefly concludes that (a) people of both sexes during their old age are (still) sexually active, and (b) prioritizing self-care (keeping physical and emotional well-being) is crucial for sexual health among older adults. Communication is key to maintain healthy sexual life at later stages of life; elderly people need to learn to be open to mutually finding new ways, that “best suits them”, for the dual purposes of enjoying (a) sexual intercourse, and (b) intimacy.
atlas de foraminiferos planctonicos e ostracodes do aptiano-albiano (cretaceo) da margem continental brasileira
Authors: Guilherme Diemer Kochhann Karlos , Krahl Guilherme , Nunes Zardin Tamires , Monticelli Petró sandro , a. b. santos filho marcos , fauth gerson , m. lopes fernando , ceolin daiane , henrique de oliveira lima francisco ,   german d. patarroyo camargo
Published: July 2024

Durante o período Cretáceo, entre 143 e 66 milhões de anos antes do presente, o Oceano Atlântico Sul estava em seus estágios iniciais de abertura. Particularmente, na margem continental do Brasil ao norte da elevação de Rio Grande, a circulação oceânica era restrita pela configuração fisiográfica com altos topográficos a sul e a norte, e pouco se conhece sobre os impactos dessa configuração paleoambiental pretérita nas biotas que habitavam essa área do Oceano Atlântico. O presente atlas visa apresentar espécies microfósseis de foraminíferos planctônicos e ostracodes marinhos que foram preservadas nas rochas sedimentares das bacias de Santos, Campos, Sergipe-Alagoas e Potiguar, depositadas na transição entre o Aptiano e o Albiano (subdivisões do Cretáceo), há aproximadamente 113 milhões de anos. Essas rochas registram o primeiro estabelecimento de condições marinhas após a deposição de espessos intervalos evaporíticos (sal) e seus conteúdos fossilíferos de foraminíferos e ostracodes permitem estimarmos a idade das rochas e reconstruir as condições ambientais pretéritas. Os foraminíferos planctônicos são organismos unicelulares que secretam uma testa calcária e possuem ampla distribuição geográfica, pois flutuam na superfície dos oceanos, sendo normalmente utilizados para correlações de longa distância e datações de rochas sedimentares. Já os ostracodes são microcrustáceos que secretam uma carapaça calcária e são excelentes indicadores das condições ambientais em que vivem, ou em que viveram. O atlas foi elaborado no escopo de projetos de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação (PD&I) em parceria da PETROBRAS com o Instituto Tecnológico de Paleoceanografia e Mudanças Climáticas (itt OCEANEON) da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Este livro será distribuído para instituições de ensino e pesquisa no Brasil, colaborando para preencher a lacuna de bibliografia especializada em língua portuguesa na área de conhecimento. Por fim, este livro materializa a sinergia da cooperação entre a PETROBRAS com o itt OCEANEON promovida pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP).
papel do ensino superior no desenvolvimento profissional e da criatividade de trabalhadores
Authors: Corrêa Rafaella , Mourão Luciana
Published: July 2024

O ensino superior exerce relevante papel no desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e genéricas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as variáveis criatividade e percepção de desenvolvimento profissional entre trabalhadores com ensino médio (n=174) e com diploma universitário (n=150). A amostra teve um predomínio de mulheres (64,2%). Foram aplicados presencialmente os instrumentos Prova de Imaginação Criativa para Adultos e a Escala de Percepção Atual do Desenvolvimento Profissional. Para a análise de dados utilizamos testes t de Student, com cálculo do tamanho do efeito pelo d de Cohen. Trabalhadores com ensino superior apresentaram médias mais elevadas na percepção de desenvolvimento profissional e no desempenho criativo. Concluímos que o ensino superior contribui para a aquisição de competências profissionais e para o desenvolvimento da criatividade. Esses achados trazem reflexões acerca dos projetos político-pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação, tendo em vista o amplo papel de desenvolvimento de competências que se espera do ensino superior.
Evidências de validade do Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r)
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Margareth , Grecco dos Santos Rejane Rosaria , Brilmann Mirna
Published: July 2024

O desejo por alimentos desempenha um papel importante na neurobiologia do comportamento alimentar. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r), questionário composto por 15 itens com alternativas de respostas do tipo Likert. Em uma amostra do Sul do Brasil composta de 491 adultos, sendo 440 (89,6% mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 77 anos, dos quais a escolaridade de nível superior se destacou, 52,3% (n = 257). O FCQ T-r demonstrou excelente confiabilidade com alpha de Cronbach de 0,94, para uma estrutura unifatorial evidenciada pela análise fatorial exploratória, resultado que corrobora com o gráfico scree plot. Desta forma, há evidências que apontam para o uso de uma pontuação total para esta escala. Seu rápido preenchimento (15 itens) o torna um instrumento útil na prática clínica para avaliar a compulsão alimentar. Conclui-se que a versão brasileira do FCQ T-r é uma medida válida e precisa no contexto brasileiro, possibilitando pesquisas futuras na área.
Degradation of dual-species biofilms using hydrolytic enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis 170 strain
Authors: Ganchev I. , Dzhelebov G.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Biofilms, that are the community of microorganisms attached on biotic or abiotic surfaces coated with a self-produced matrix, composed by exopolymeric substances, dominate in all habitats on the surface of the Earth, except in the oceans, accounting for ~80% of bacterial and archaeal cells. Hydrolytic enzymes have a number of industrial applications and have been indicated as an alternative to the traditional chemical methods that are used to eradicate microbial biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the ability of enzymatic extracts produced by Bacillus subtilis 170 to remove multispecies biofilms, formed by the interaction of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains. After culture in liquid medium, containing inorganic nitrogen sources, the bacterial hydrolytic extracts showed protease (250 U/mL) activity. Cell-free supernatants of B. subtilis 170 strain with proteolytic activity were the most effective, and promoted the complete removal of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms. Of the treatments using cell-free supernatants of B.subtilis 170 with proteolytic enzyme activities with 250 U/mL, total biofilm degradation was observed for both dual-species biofilms in this study. Thus, the hydrolases produced by Bacillus subtilis 170 strains evaluated here are highlighted as an interesting tool in the fight against microbial biofilms.
Living Qur`an in Yasinan Tradition During Rabu Abeh Ritual in Gampong Lhok Pawoh, Southwest Aceh
Authors: Makmunzir Makmunzir , Hasan Abdur Rokhim , Lubis Zakaria Husin , Samad Sri Astuti A. , Sangaji Ruslan
Published: July 2024

This article discusses an interesting phenomenon in Gampong Lhok Pawoh, where the community continues to maintain and preserve the tradition of yasinan in the Rabu Abeh ritual, despite the shifting or even extinction of many religious traditions in the modern era. This research employed qualitative methods (field research) and adopted Spradley's ethnography approach and the perspective of the living Qur'an. The aim of this study is to describe how the Qur'an comes alive in the yasinan tradition of the Rabu Abeh ritual, which is still upheld by the community of Gampong Lhok Pawoh, as well as the significance of this tradition in their daily lives. The findings reveal that the yasinan tradition in the Rabu Abeh ritual is a tangible manifestation of the living Qur'an among the people of Gampong Lhok Pawoh in Aceh Barat Daya. This tradition is performed every year on the last Wednesday of Safar, as a plea for safety and protection from potential disasters on the day of Rabu Abeh. The community perceives the connection between verse 19 of Surah Al-Qamar/54, which depicts an ill-fated day, and the Rabu Abeh day, hence they collectively recite Surah Yasin as a prayer and safeguard against potential calamities on that day. The tradition holds strong spiritual and social meanings within the community, serving as an effort to seek salvation from Allah SWT, preserving cultural heritage, fostering social bonds, and cultivating good and respectful personalities. Moreover, the tradition reminds the community of the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships with nature, while strengthening solidarity and preserving customs and culture.
Isrāīliyyāt Discourse in Virtual Space: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Gus Baha's Interpretation in Santri Gayeng YouTube Channel
Authors: Farahdiba Ani Nabila , Alfarisi Ahmad , Ibrahim Aji Muhammad , Kamil Ahmad Zaidanil
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim's (Gus Baha') interpretation of Surah an-Naml verses 39-40 about the transfer of the throne of Queen Bilqis to the presence of Prophet Solomon a.s. This research is worth reviewing because there is a rejection of the interpretation by Gus Baha' in the Tafsir Jalālayn by Jalāluddīn al-Mahalli and Jalāluddīn al-Suyuṭi. This analytical descriptive study is derived from online media, namely the interpretation study by Gus Baha' published on the Santri Gayeng YouTube platform, making it a virtual ethnography.\. The author uses Labov and Waletzky's narrative structure analysis approach to explore Gus Baha's five interpretive structures, namely 1) Orientation, 2) Climax, 3) Evaluation, 4) Resolution, and 5) Coda. Based on this study's results show that Gus Baha' rejects Jalaludin al-Suyuṭi's interpretation, which explains that Bilqis' throne emerged from under the chair. According to him, this does not make sense, and that is isrāīliyyāt. Despite rejecting this interpretation, Gus Baha' gives his audience freedom regarding their belief in isrāīliyyāt. Gus Baha's rejection of isrāīliyyāt is based on his figure who is a rationalist. This research also proves that the tradition of the cult of a tafsir essay that is quite phenomenal among pesantren is no longer done. Gus Baha' has succeeded in breaking the habit of pesantren in sacralizing a work of interpretation with his efforts to review the tradition of reading the book. The review was carried out by criticizing, reflecting, and understanding more deeply.
Ali Mustafa Yaqub's Criticism Method of Hadith in Determining Islamic Law: Analysis of Performing Hajj with Unlawfully Obtained Wealth
Authors: Dadah Dadah , Rahmah Siti , Fatia Azharia , Chalida Sri , Aniqa Sania
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine Ali Mustafa Yaqub's approach to critiquing hadith in the formation of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly focusing on the modern issue of performing hajj with unlawfully gained wealth. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research utilizes Yaqub's hadith criticism framework to explore this issue. Findings from the discourse and analysis illustrate that Yaqub's method offers profound insights into the complexity of Islamic legal matters, particularly concerning Hajj with unlawful fund, by underscoring the significance of sanad quality and its legal implications. The study concludes that Yaqub's analytical methodology in examining the legality of Hajj with unlawful wealth comprises three primary elements: sanad as well as matan critique, and hadith interpretation. In critiquing the sanad, Yaqub not only relies on personal judgment but also consults experts in hadith studies and authoritative texts. Additionally, he conducts comparisons of scholars' opinions to evaluate narrator reliability. In matan critique, he not only considers linguistic conformity and Quranic alignment but also conducts editorial analysis and contextualizes it. Moreover, in interpreting the hadith, he demonstrates a deep understanding of the prohibition of using unlawfully obtained funds for performing Hajj, despite the hadith's weak classification. Yaqub effectively presents his argument against using prohibited funds for Hajj within Islamic principles. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach in addressing contemporary challenges in Islamic law.
Syarah Hadith with Saga: Methodological Study of the Book of An-Nail Al-Hatsîts Fî Hikâyât Al-Hadîts by Al Imam Al Faqih Abu Laits As-Samarqandi
Authors: Nuralita Fadila Ikke , Ahmadi Rizqa , Noorhidayati Salamah
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the syarah of the book an-Nail al-Hatsîts fî Hikâyât al-Hadîts (NHfHH) by Al-Imam Al Faqih Abu Laits As-Samarqandi with a focus on the study of syarah hadith methodology. This work by As-Samarqandi is classified as a book in the sufism genre which is arranged thematically and containing various explanations (syarah) of the saga. This research employs a qualitative design with literature research methods. Next, hadith data was collected from primary sources, namely NHfHH, and then the data was read by using the takhrij hadith method to trace the hadith reference sources. This research found out that NHfHH by As-Samarqandi is using ijmali syarah method which explained its syarah globally. Next, the writing of the syarah is originated from companions, tabi'in, sufism, explanation of verses of the Al-Qur’an, verses of poetry and unidentified sources. The sharia style of this book has five varieties; namely fiqh, social, sufi lore, linguistics and education. In addition, As-Samarqandi uses expository narration based on actual facts and data. In a suggestive narrative, it is based on events that involve the reader's imagination so that it is equipped with character dialogue, scenes of events and their resolution. The written book is comprehensively divided into chapters according to what is needed by society and is a tool for socialization about social values, motivation and uplifting the soul. Thus, this makes this work easy to understand as well as educates people on how to behave and do good deed, and also being willing to tolerate various events. Apart from that, it teaches an attitude of getting closer to Allah and trying to change a bad personality into a good one. In brief, NHfHH proves that the style of writing syarah hadith books has developed following the need of the society of prophetic messages.
Hadith in Cakrawala al-Qur'an by Yunahar Ilyas: A Study on Quotations and Authenticity of Transmition (Riwayat)
Authors: Husna Jannatul , Awaled Muhammad Ghofi , Shamsu Lilly Suzana binti
Published: July 2024

Incorporating hadith into the interpretation of the Quran is essential. One of Indonesian Muslims' favourite thematic tafsir books is Cakrawala al-Qur'an by Yunahar Ilyas. This article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the author's intellectual biography, the methodology for quoting hadith, and the process of verifying the authenticity of the hadith used to support the interpreter's arguments. This study employs qualitative research methods, specifically using documentation and interviews for data collection. The primary reference for this work is Cakrawala al-Qur'an, published by Itqan Publishing in 2015. Through document analysis, significant insights are uncovered regarding Yunahar Ilyas' expertise, methodology, and the quality of the hadith quoted. The study concludes that Yunahar Ilyas is a highly influential expert in Quranic interpretation and sciences in Indonesia. When citing hadith, he employed four methods, with the most common being the inclusion of the hadith without the sanad but mentioning the mukharrij (collector of hadith) in the translation. Of the nine hadiths analysed, three were critically reviewed: one was found to be fake (maudhu'), one was classified as weak (daif), and one as good (hasan). Despite their varying levels of authenticity, these three hadith texts align with the essence of the Quran, other hadiths, logical reasoning, and historical facts.
Eschatology in the Quran: Charles Sanders Peirce's Semiotic Study of Surah Al-Waqi'ah
Authors: Ramadhan Aji Rizqi , Arsyad Hairuddin , Sopian Asep , Fadlurrahman Irsyad
Published: July 2024

This research aims to examine eschatological verses in Surah Al-Waqiah using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, focusing on the relationship between the representamen (sign) and the object it represents. Peirce classified signs into three distinct categories: icon, index, and symbol. The study, which was conducted as library research using descriptive qualitative methods, employs content analysis for data interpretation. Upon analysis, it identifies eight verses featuring icons where the sign closely resembles the object it represents, such as depicting the destruction of the universe as akin to the end of the world. It also identifies nine verses containing indices that clarify cause-and-effect relationships on the Day of Judgement, including the elevation or debasement of groups based on their worldly status, as well as the consequences of indulgence and major sins leading to hellfire. Furthermore, 17 verses use symbols that have conventional relationships, such as the "right" and "left" groups to represent categories of individuals in the afterlife and fruit-bearing trees representing perpetual pleasure in heaven. Peirce’s semiotics offers a new perspective for understanding the Quran's message concerning eschatological events that will occur on the Day of Judgement
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BENTUK SISTEM KOMPARTEMEN INDIVIDU YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP TOTAL HAEMOCYTE COUNT DAN PERTUMBUHAN LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus)
Authors: Putri Sayira Yuliantari Ardian , Mulyono Mugi , Sektiana Sinar Pagi , Soebjakto Slamet , Bahrawi Samsul
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bentuk sistem kompartemen individu (SKI) yang berbeda terhadap total haemocyte count (THC) dan kinerja produksi lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus). Penelitian meliputi persiapan wadah, penebaran benih, pengelolaan pakan, monitoring kualitas air, monitoring pertumbuhan, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, panen, dan pemeriksaan THC. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu menggunakan SKI tabung, SKI prisma segitiga, dan SKI kubus. Nilai terbaik ditemukan pada penggunaan SKI tabung dibanding SKI prisma segitiga dan SKI kubus dengan THC 1,33 ± 0,12 x 106 sel ml-1, survival rate 83%, feed conversion ratio 9,63 ± 0,48, pertumbuhan bobot 51,83 ± 5,35 g ekor-1, pertumbuhan panjang 7,05 ± 0,09 cm ekor-1, dan specific growth rate 1,50 ± 0,07 % hari-1. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perbedaan bentuk SKI memengaruhi kinerja produksi dan tingkat stress lobster budidaya.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the use of different shapes of individual compartment system (ICS) on the total haemocyte count (THC) and growth performances of sand lobster (Panulirus homarus). The research included container preparation, seed stocking, feed management, water quality monitoring, growth monitoring, pest and disease control, harvesting, and the examination of THC. The experimental units of the study were arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD). This study employed three treatments and three replications, i.e., tube ICS, triangular prism ICS, and cube ICS. The best values were found in the use of tube ICS compared to triangular prism ICS and cube ICS with a THC of 1.33 ± 0.12 x 106 cells ml-1, a survival rate of 83%, a feed conversion ratio of 9.63 ± 0.48, a weight growth of 51.83 ± 5.35 g individual-1, a length growth of 7.05 ± 0.09 cm individual-1, and a specific growth rate of 1.50 ± 0.07% day-1. The results of this study concluded that differences in ICS shapes affected the production performances and the stress level of the cultivated lobster.
PEMBERIAN FUCOIDAN SECARA ORAL DARI HASIL EKSTRAKSI Sargassum sp. UNTUK MENANGGULANGI MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA PADA IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Muahiddah Nuri , Isnansetyo Alim
Published: July 2024

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) adalah salah satu penyakit yang sering menyebabkan kematian pada ikan, dan disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Salah satu cara untuk menanggulangi penyakit bakteri yang menyerang ikan adalah dengan menggunakan imunostimulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fucoidan secara oral terhadap perkembangan gejala penyakit ikan lele yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila.  Penggunaan metode asam digunakan untuk mengekstraksi fucoidan dari Sargassum sp. Penelitian ini melibatkan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan P1, P2, P3, dan P4, masing-masing meliputi kontrol, 2, 4, dan 6 g fucoidan per kilogram pakan. Pakan diberikan kepada ikan dalam jumlah 5% dari berat kering pakan terhadap biomassa ikan. Setelah itu, dilakukan uji tantang dengan memberikan dosis 0,1 mL per ikan dari A. hydrophila dengan kepadatan 2,77 x 107 sel per ml secara intraperitonial satu minggu setelah pemberian fucoidan secara oral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fucoidan secara oral dengan dosis 2, 4, dan 6 g fucoidan per kilogram pakan tidak menghasilkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam sintasan (P>0,05) dan tidak mampu menunda MTD pada ikan yang terinfeksi A. hydrophila KP1 jika infeksi dilakukan di bawah LD50. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menambahkan dosis fucoidan pada pakan ikan lele untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik.Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) is a disease that often causes death in fish, and is caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. One of ways to overcome bacterial diseases that attack fish is to use immunostimulants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of fucoidan on the development of disease symptoms in catfish infected with A. hydrophila. The acid method was used to extract fucoidan from Sargassum sp. This experiment involved four treatments and three replications. Treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively, included control, 2, 4, and 6 g of fucoidan per kilogram of feed. Feed was given to fish in an amount of 5% of the dry weight of the feed to fish biomass. After that, a challenge test was carried out by giving a dose of 0.1 mL per fish of A. hydrophila with a density of 2.77 x 107 cells per mL intraperitoneally one week after oral administration of fucoidan. The results showed that oral administration of fucoidan at doses of 2, 4, and 6 g of fucoidan per kilogram of feed did not result in a significant increase in survival (P>0.05) and was unable to delay MTD in fish infected with A. hydrophila KP1 if infection carried out below LD50. Further study needs to be done by adding a dose of fucoidan to catfish feed to get better results.
Value Determinants in Mixed-Income Housing Developments
Authors: Ndumo Dumisani , Okoro Chioma
Published: July 2024

While some recent studies have focused on the effect of mixed-income housing on the property values in the surrounding neighbourhoods, there is gap in the knowledge on effect determinants of value have on various components of value. Understanding the relationship between value components and determinants of value is imperative to attaining sustainable housing in South Africa. The determinants and value components were established from literature. The relationship between the two variables was evaluated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 82 participants experienced in valuing property within mixed-income housing developments. Multiple regression analysis showed that neighbourhood determinants significantly influenced monetary value and non-monetary value while environmental determinants had a significant influence on social benefits accruing to other stakeholders in mixed-income housing. As mixed-income housing gains traction in South Africa, the results of this study will serve as development guidelines on critical determinants of value and the extent of their influence on property value in mixed-income housing.
JARER Editorial Vol 9, Issue 1, June 2024
Authors: Olaleye Abel
Published: July 2024

This is JARER Editorial Vol 9, Issue 1, June 2024
“Mata Hari” in the Don Version
Authors: Venkov Andrey ,   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mamsirov Hamitbi ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Published: July 2024

Introduction. During the civil war on the Don, in the conservative Cossack region, in the cities of Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog, women played an important role in the Bolshevik underground and in the organization of Soviet intelligence. Methods and materials. The historiography of this problem is extremely insignificant. In the article, the task was set to find out the reasons for such a feature, relying on a fairly large selection of memoirs and documents and using comparative and anthropological research methods. Analysis. It was found out that many women during the civil war resolutely joined the ranks of one of the opposing sides and sometimes, on their own initiative, fought with special “female methods.” The underground Don committee created by the Bolsheviks consisted of 4 men and 5 women. The women who led the underground were transferred to the Don across the front line. Local women who were part of the underground were used as couriers to cross the front line with intelligence data. The leaders turned out to be good organizers. For the sake of obtaining information, the underground women could enter into close relations with the enemy representatives they were interested in, use their “charms” to lure and destroy white officers, and ruthlessly, without proceedings, destroy in their midst someone who was suspected of treason. Results. It was impossible to organize an intelligence network in Cossack villages, where the majority of the population supported whites, and the Bolsheviks relied on cities with large Ukrainian, Jewish, and Greek populations. The contemptuous attitude of the enemy towards women inherent in traditional society was taken into account. The women selected for underground work were distinguished by promiscuity and ruthlessness. Authors’ contributions. The material on the situation on the Don was prepared by A.V. Venkov. The material on the principles of the organization of intelligence and counterintelligence and the involvement of women in this work was prepared by H.B. Mamsirov.
Central Clearing Counterparties in the Financial Accounts of the United States
Authors: Guse Matthew , Hoops Matthew , Perozek Maria
Published: July 2024

The March 7, 2024, release of the Z.1 Financial Accounts of the United States (the Accounts) introduced a new supplementary table, Central Clearing Counterparties (table L.132.c), which separately reports financial assets and liabilities of central clearing counterparties (CCPs). CCPs in the Accounts are financial intermediaries that support the functioning of financial markets by taking on counterparty credit risk and providing clearing and settlement of securities and derivatives.
Temporal changes in glochidia larval occurrence and condition index in freshwater mussels, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) collected from a wetland of Bangladesh
Authors: Salam Md. Abdus , Biswas Shishir , Hossain Md. Sazzad , Sultana Nur-A , Uddin Md. Jasim
Published: July 2024

Information on glochidia larval occurrence and release time from the brooding mussels are crucial for the development of larval rearing system or commercial collection of juveniles from the wilds. We report monthly changes in glochidia larval occurrence and condition index (CI) in freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, collected from a wetland in Bangladesh. Specimens were drawn monthly over a year from October 2021 to September 2022. Lamellidens marginalis females displayed glochidia larvae in the supra-branchial chamber over ten months from March to December. No glochidia larva was reported in females during January and February when the water temperature remained below 18°C. All females carried glochidia larvae during March and April, indicating no larval shedding at this time. The percentage of females containing glochidia larvae dropped suddenly in May (22.22%), suggesting that glochidial release from the gill chamber to the environment was initiated by May. Larval presence in only some females (22% to 86%) at each sampling date from May to September implied an extended glochidial discharge period till September when the water temperature was above 24°C. The CIs varied from 0.36 to 0.79, with two distinct peaks in December and March when all females carried glochidia larvae. In conclusion, monthly changes in larval occurrence and discharge could be primarily related to temperature and the existence of larvae in mussels could affect the CIs in L. marginalis.
Проблемы «языка инклюзии»: на примере наименований людей с ментальными особенностями
Authors: Руднева Екатерина Алексеевна
Published: July 2024

Язык, находясь в тесной связи с социальными, культурными и политическими процессами, не только отражает, но и формирует их. В фокусе исследования – публичный дискурс, включающий тексты об инклюзивных проектах, а именно мастерских для широкой аудитории. В статье анализируются наименования благополучателей и то, как выбор слов влияет на создание их образа. Материал исследования составили тексты, размещенные в интернете; сплошная выборка наименований сотрудников инклюзивных мастерских; данные веб-корпуса (для проверки частотности и даты первой фиксации); интервью, где участникам (с диагнозами и без) предлагалось высказать свое мнение по поводу тех или иных выражений и поделиться своим опытом. Подробно обсуждается номинация «люди с ментальными особенностями», а также актуальные идеологии и причины, по которым она оказывается проблематичной. Многочисленные варианты различаются по степени эвфемистичности и устойчивости словосочетаний: так, «люди с особенностями» могут быть «с ментальными особенностями», «особенностями развития», «особенностями интеллектуального развития», «развития психики и интеллекта»; «с нарушениями» – «интеллектуальными», «ментальными», «психическими», «умственными»; «с инвалидностью» – «ментальной» или «по психическому расстройству»; фиксируются варианты с прилагательными «особый», «особенный», «нейроотличный» и др. Хотя многие из этих выражений используются как взаимозаменяемые, они несут дополнительные оттенки значений и могут обозначать категории, пересекающиеся лишь частично, а также отличаются по тем идеологиям, которые стоят за ними. Основные выделенные закономерности – это вариативность и эвфемистичность наименований, а также новизна некоторых из них («ментальные особенности», «нейроотличный»). «Язык инклюзии» эвфемистичен и в более широком смысле, т. к. находится на стадии становления, стремясь найти корректные формулировки для обозначения тех смыслов и категорий, которые составляют социальную проблему, и предлагая новые этические модели. Кроме того, он ориентирован в большей степени на тех, кто связан с темой, и может оказаться не ясным для неспециалистов. Это обусловлено как особенностями функционирования этого языка, который касается профессиональных областей и учитывает прогрессивные идеологии, так и низкой осведомленностью общества.
«Командный забег»: об образовательном неравенстве в современной России
Authors: Мартыненко Александра
Published: July 2024

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Evaluation of the effects of sodium valproate on plasma homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in epileptic patients
Authors: Aman-Mohammady A. , Qujeq D. , Saadat P. , Hajian-Tilaki K.
Published: July 2024

Objective: to investigate the effects of sodium valproate on plasma concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in epileptic patients with long-standing tonic-clonic seizures compared to newly diagnosed epileptic patients and healthy controls.

Material and methods. The study included 90 participants (mean age 36.30±12.83 years, the majority (58.89%) were males) divided into three groups: 30 non-epileptic people (control Group 1), 30 newly diagnosed epileptic patients (Group 2), and 30 patients with long-term tonic-clonic seizures epilepsy (Group 3). In Group 3, patients received sodium valproate therapy. All subjects underwent clinical and neurological examinations. Differences in plasma levels of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in three groups were investigated after 6 months of follow-up.

Results. Homocysteine level in Groups 2 and 3 was increased; for Group 2 it was significantly higher than for Groups 3 and 1 (p=0.001). Plasma folate level in Groups 2 and 3 was decreased; for Group 3 it was significantly higher than for Group 2 and lower than for Group 1 (p=0.001). Vitamin B12 level in Groups 2 and 3 was decreased, but the difference was not significant (p=0.090). In Groups 1 and 2, a significant correlation was observed between the indicators.

Conclusion. Sodium valproate аdministration might disrupt the homeostatic level of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 and cause irregularity of their plasma contents in epileptic patients with long-standing tonic-clonic seizures.
Atypical course of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (Dravet syndrome)
Authors: Abusueva B. A. , Shanavazova M. D. , Askevova М. A. , Khalilov V. S. , Bobylova M. Yu.
Published: July 2024

A clinical observation of a patient with Dravet syndrome caused by SCN1A gene mutation is presented. Dravet syndrome   is a severe epileptic encephalopathy that occurs in early childhood, accompanied by seizure polymorphism, drug-resistant course and severe cognitive impairment. The current clinical case confirms the opportunity for drug controlled course of Dravet syndrome. A two-year remission was achieved using polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs. Currently, a complete remission during duotherapy with topiramate in combination with levetiracetam is sustained. The described clinical case also demonstrates preservation of cognitive functions: the child successfully acquires full general education program. It should be noted that upon early relief of epileptic seizures, no cognitive functions become affected.
Sex or Smartphone? – Analysis of the Relationship between Problematic Smartphone Usage and Sexual Activity Based on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous IDs and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Gosztonyi M.
Published: July 2024

Objective. Our study explores the correlation between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and diminished offline sexual activity within a European Union member state characterized by a semi-peripheral economy. Background. Smartphones, as pervasive technological advancements, have transformed societal landscapes, embedding themselves into various facets of life and exacerbating physical and emotional reliance. Over 50% of users continue smartphone use despite adverse effects on daily life, indicating an escalation in PSU. Our research extends existing PSU literature by investigating its relationship with offline sexual inactivity among middle-aged individuals.
Study Design. A representative sample from 2023 was analyzed using both homogeneous (Two-NN) and heterogeneous (HIDALGO) dimensional identification estimators alongside machine learning algorithms to explore the link between PSU and offline sexual inactivity. Participants. The study utilized data from a telephone survey conducted with 1005 individuals, ensuring representation across gender, education, income level, and type of settlement.
Measurements. Data encompassed economic, sociodemographic, usage patterns, and addiction-related aspects of smartphone use. A key variable assessed preferences between mobile phone use or engaging in sexual intercourse.
Results. Nearly half of the participants expressed a preference for smartphone usage over offline sexual activity. The analysis highlighted the intricate link between individual and social aspects of PSU and a blend of socioeconomic factors, revealing two significant partitions significantly influencing sexual inactivity: PSU at the individual level and PSU articulated within social relationships.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate a significant correlation between PSU and offline sexual inactivity, with socioeconomic variables also playing a critical role. The research underscores the need for further exploration of PSU's impact on offline sexual activity, emphasizing the importance of both personal and social psychological dimensions of smartphone usage.
Freedom of Conscience as an Object of Religious Security
Authors: Meshcheryakova A. F.
Published: July 2024

The paper describes the category of «religious security». As there is no legal definition, the author reveals its doctrinal meaning and content. On the basis of a systematic interpretation of the norms of law governing security issues, it is proved that freedom of conscience should be considered as the most important element of the mechanism for ensuring religious security, that is, as its object. In modern society, there are a number of negative factors and trends cultivated based on religion, which pose threats to religious security in general and to its objects individually. For example, religious extremism, which is a significant obstacle to the realization of freedom of conscience, being one of such. The author investigates two key approaches to understanding freedom of conscience — restrictive and expansive. Given that freedom of conscience is not equivalent to freedom of religion, it is stated that this legal institution has positive and negative connotations. It is the presence of this circumstance that determines the specifics of freedom of conscience as an object of religious security. It is concluded that in this capacity it can act only when its implementation does not go beyond the limits of permissible behavior and does not pose a threat of violation of other rights and legally protected interests of the individual, society and the state.
Organizational and Legal Aspects of the Activities of the Cheka Bodies at the Local Level in the Context of New Archival Documents: Theoretical and Historical Legal Issues
Authors: Shatalov E. A.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of some collections of archival documents that have different values and significance for studying certain areas of activity of the Cheka bodies at the local level. For the first time, archival materials introduced into scientific circulation demonstrate those areas of activity of the Cheka bodies that are still insufficiently covered by science. These, in particular, include extrajudicial practice, rulemaking in the field of criminal, criminal procedure law, solving operational and official tasks, implementing punitive measures, their interaction with other Soviet authorities and institutions locally. At the same time, they reveal some important organizational and legal features, problems of the formation and functioning of the state mechanism of Bolshevik Russia in wartime conditions. The classification and analysis of archival documents characterizing certain areas of activity of the Cheka bodies at the local level provide a deeper understanding of the nature and scientific value of the materials, and, accordingly, make it possible to develop methods of working with them for more effective organization of research in this area.
Comparative assessment of the osmotic and anti-inflammatory activity of soft dosage forms of pyrimidine drugs on hydrophilic bases in an experiment
Authors: Izmailov Alexander G. , Dobrokvashin Sergey V. , Izmailov Sergey G. , Lukoyanychev Egor E. , Zharinov Andrey Yu.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite the constant search for new medications for local prevention of surgical infection, the problem of purulent-inflammatory complications from postoperative soft tissue wounds remains relevant to this day.
AIM: To experimentally study the osmotic activity and anti-inflammatory properties of the developed xymedone-containing ointment composition levoxycol in comparison with the well-known ointment dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine + chloramphenicol (levomekol).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The anti-inflammatory properties of the ointments were studied in vivo on 60 outbred male Wistar rats, which were divided into three groups, 20 animals each. The first group served as control. In the second group of animals, levomekol ointment was used, in the third group — levoxycol. An assessment of the osmotic activity of the experimental ointment composition levoxycol in comparison with a known drug was carried out in an in vitro experiment. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ointments, a model of carrageenan-induced edema of rat paws was used. To analyze differences in the frequency of the studied outcomes in groups of animals, the Mann–Whitney U test was used.
RESULTS: Osmotic activity showed that wipes soaked in ointment forms absorbed the following amount of contrast (Me [Q1; Q3]): levomekol — 28.2 (26.4; 31.3) ml; levoxycol — 41.8 (39.5; 43.4) ml (p=0.001). The anti-inflammatory activity of the ointment forms manifested itself in the form of suppression of swelling of the rats' paws at 3 and 5 hours after the injection of carrageenan. When using the ointment form of levomekol, the volume of displaced liquid with the introduction of carrageenan, starting from 3 hours, was 1.8±0.19 ml. When using the ointment form of levoxicol, the amount of displaced liquid when carrageenan was administered, starting from 3 hours, was 1.57±0.16 ml (p=0.013).
CONCLUSION: In vitro experiments have shown that the ointment form of levoxicol has a longer osmotic activity; experimental data in vivo indicated that the use of the developed ointment form of levoxicol, in contrast to the ointment form of levomekol, has a positive effect on the course of inflammatory processes in soft tissues in the first 2–3 hours by reducing the volume of displaced fluid.
Association of galectins-1 and -3 with proangiogenic factors and endothelial dysfunction in colon cancer
Authors: Kurnosenko Anna V. , Reyngardt Gleb V. , Poletika Vadim , Kolobovnikova Yulia V. , Urazova Olga I.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: A key role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer is assigned to inducers of neoangiogenesis — vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors, the effects of which can probably be modulated by galectins-1 and -3.
AIM: To study the relationship between the content of galectins-1 and -3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors with the number of circulating endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colon cancer, depending on the degree of tumor differentiation and its spread.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=20) with a verified diagnosis of colon cancer (International Classification of Diseases code C18–C20) were examined; the comparison group included healthy volunteers (n=10), matched by gender and age. The study material was peripheral blood. The content of galectin-1, galectin-3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors was assessed by enzyme immunoassay, and counting of desquamated endothelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Statistical processing was performed in the Jamovi 2.3.21 software package for Windows. Differences between samples were assessed by calculating the Mann–Whitney U test. Relationships were established by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The results were considered reliable at the level of statistical significance p 0.05.
RESULTS: In patients with colorectal cancer, the level of vascular endothelial factor was higher than in healthy donors by 18%, the level of galectin-1 was 2.6 times higher, galectin-3 was 1.6 times higher compared to healthy donors, the level of epidermal growth factor did not differ significantly. The content of galectins-1 and -3 was closely interrelated (ρ=0.843, p 0.01), with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the blood plasma (ρ=0.311, p=0.032 — galectin-1; ρ=0.310, p 0.033 — galectin-3, respectively). The number of desquamated endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer was 8 times higher than in healthy people, and directly correlated with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (ρ=0.307, p 0.05), galectin-1 (ρ=0.650, p 0.01) and galectin-3 (ρ=0.622, p 0.01).
CONCLUSION: An increase in the content of galectins-1 and -3 in the blood plasma of patients with colon cancer positively correlates with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and does not depend on the stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation.