bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of ridge‐furrow and plastic mulching planting patterns on microflora and potato tuber yield in continuous cropping soil
Authors: Qin S. , Yeboah S. , Wang D. , Zhang J.
Published: September 2016

Planting patterns have distinctive effects on the soil micro‐ecological environment and soil quality. To explore the effects of film mulch ridge‐furrow (FMRF) cropping on soil microbial properties and potato yield, a study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in a continuously cropped field under nonfilm‐mulched flat plot (CK), half‐mulched flat plot (T1), fully mulched ridge cropping (T2), fully mulched furrow cropping (T3), half‐mulched ridge cropping (T4) and half‐mulched furrow cropping (T5) planting patterns. Our results indicate that T3 increased the average bacteria/fungi (B/F) ratio by 253% compared to CK. On average, half‐mulched ridge cropping increased the bacteria population and aerobic Azotobacter by 9 and 19%, respectively, compared with CK. On average, T3 had the greatest inhibitory effect on fungi populations. Half‐mulched furrow cropping had the most anaerobic Azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria. The study showed that FMRF increased soil bacteria, especially Azotobacter but reduced fungi and actinomycetes. Treatment T2 gave the greatest potato yield, followed by T4, whereas the greatest biomass yield was recorded in T4. Full‐mulch furrow cropping methods produced the greatest nutrient use efficiency. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of soil microbe and plant responses to plastic mulch and planting patterns under semi‐arid conditions.
The oldest known clerid fossils from theMiddleJurassic ofChina, with a review ofCleridae systematics (Coleoptera)
Authors: KOLIBÁČ JIŘÍ , HUANG DIYING
Published: September 2016

Three fossil beetles recorded fromInnerMongolia,China (Callovian,MiddleJurassic, approximately 165 Ma) are assigned toCleridae and constitute the earliest known representatives of this family. Two of the fossils are described asProtoclerus korynetoidesgen. et sp.n.and the third asWangweiella callovianagen. et sp.n.Ninety‐six morphological characters of the larvae and adults of 17 extant clerid representatives and seven cleroid families as outgroups were analysed under maximum parsimony with, and without, fossil species included in the matrix. The results indicate thatProtoclerusgen.n.is a separate lineage within the family, whereasWangweiellagen.n.is sister to the rest ofEpiclininae. The resulting trees are compared with the most recent morphological and molecular phylogenies ofCleridae. The trees presented appear congruent with the latest molecular phylogenies. The evolution ofCleridae, as well as their biogeography and systematics, are briefly reviewed. A complete list of clerid fossil species described to date is provided.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32240D3D-2A7A-41F6-B485-A66F2265CB8A.
Circulating hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p may be novel biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kim B.‐S. , Jung J.‐Y. , Jeon J.‐Y. , Kim H.‐A. , Suh C.‐H.
Published: September 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level, which can be measured in cells, tissues, and body fluids including plasma. Differences in miRNA expression levels suggest an epigenetic mechanism and changed expression levels are emerging as a novel biomarker for various diseases. We attempted to identify circulating miRNAs associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Korean population and elucidate their significance for clinical phenotype. An expression profiling analysis using miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was conducted with pooled miRNA from 10 patients with SLE and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Nine miRNAs were differentially expressed between the SLE and HC. To verify this, we performed quantitative PCR for various miRNA from SLE patients (n = 70) and HCs (n = 40). The hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p were significantly up‐regulated in plasma of SLE patients (P = 0.048, P = 0.039, and P = 0.046, respectively). Especially, the hsa‐miR‐223‐3p was significantly associated with oral ulcer (P < 0.001) and lupus anticoagulant (P = 0.031). Thus, plasma hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐223‐3p may be promising novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical manifestation of SLE.
The Arabidopsis UDP‐glycosyltransferases UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, contribute to cold, salt and drought stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation
Authors: Li Pan , Li Yan‐Jie , Zhang Feng‐Ju , Zhang Gui‐Zhi , Jiang Xiao‐Yi , Yu Hui‐Min , Hou Bing‐Kai
Published: September 2016

The plant family 1 UDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the biggest GT family in plants, which are responsible for transferring sugar moieties onto a variety of small molecules, and control many metabolic processes; however, their physiological significance in planta is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that two Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase genes, UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, could be strongly induced by various abiotic stresses, including cold, salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly enhanced plant tolerance to low temperatures as well as drought and salt stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants generated by RNAi (RNA interference) and CRISPR‐Cas9 strategies were more susceptible to adverse conditions. Interestingly, the expression of UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 is directly controlled by CBF1 (CRT/DRE‐binding factor 1, also named DREB1B) in response to low temperatures. Furthermore, we identified the enzyme activities of UGT79B2/B3 in adding UDP‐rhamnose to cyanidin and cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside. Ectopic expression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity in coping with abiotic stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants showed reduced anthocyanin levels. When overexpressing UGT79B2/B3 in tt18 (transparent testa 18), a mutant that cannot synthesize anthocyanins, both genes fail to improve plant adaptation to stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, identified as anthocyanin rhamnosyltransferases, are regulated by CBF1 and confer abiotic stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation.
Assessment of method reliability and determination of reference intervals for rotational thromboelastometry in horses
Authors: Junge Hannah K. , Ringer Simone K. , Mayer Nathalie , Schwarzwald Colin C.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

To assess the measurement reliability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements in horses, establish reference intervals for healthy horses, and evaluate the relationship between ROTEM variables, hematologic variables, and standard coagulation tests.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Fifty healthy and 10 diseased adult horses.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Blood was sampled from 10 healthy and 10 diseased horses and samples were repeatedly analyzed to evaluate measurement reliability of various ROTEM variables. Four different ROTEM assays (ie, EXTEM, INTEM, FIBTEM, and APTEM) were run simultaneously under standardized conditions. The device‐related, operator‐related, and day‐to‐day variability for the majority of ROTEM variables was very low to low, as indicated by a coefficient of variation (CV) of < 15%. Most of test‐retest variability of ROTEM variables appeared to be device‐related. Blood samples from 50 clinically healthy horses were used to establish reference intervals for ROTEM variables. Multiple stepwise regression analyses identified associations of different ROTEM variables with hematocrit, total protein concentration, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time.

Conclusions

ROTEM is a feasible method to evaluate coagulation in horses. Its measurement reliability is acceptable, but device‐related measurement variability has to be considered. Reference intervals are presented, but the influence of hematocrit, platelet count, and fibrinogen concentration may need to be taken into account when interpreting individual test results.
Defining colloid osmotic pressure and the relationship between blood proteins and colloid osmotic pressure in dairy cows and calves
Authors: Kish Jennifer L. , McGuirk Sheila M. , Friedrichs Kristen R. , Peek Simon F.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To establish the reference interval for colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in neonatal and adult cattle and to investigate associations between COP and total protein, albumin, or globulin in the two populations sampled.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational study.

Setting

Animals were sampled on commercial dairy farms in Southern Wisconsin, and samples were processed and analyzed in a clinical pathology laboratory at a university teaching hospital.

Animals

Forty adult lactating Holstein cows between 2 and 4 years of age and 40 healthy Holstein calves of both sexes between 2 and 7 days of age.

Interventions

Adult cows were sampled by coccygeal venipuncture into standard heparinized vacutainer tubes, calves were sampled by jugular venipuncture also into heparinized vacutainer tubes.

Measurements and Main Results

For adult cows, the mean COP was 22.52 mm Hg, with a standard deviation of 1.0. For calves, the mean COP was 19.6 mm Hg, with a standard deviation of 1.9. Good correlation was demonstrated in adults between COP and albumin concentrations (r2= 0.72) and between COP and both total protein concentration (r2= 0.74) and globulin (r2= 0.65) in calves. For adults, regression plots established best fit relationships of COP = 0.472 (albumin) + 6.49, whereas for calves, two regression equations could be described; COP = 0.305 (globulin) + 8.62, and 0.268 (total plasma protein) + 2.73.

Conclusions

Suggested normal ranges (mean ± 2 standard deviations) for COP in adult lactating dairy cows and calves between 2 and 7 days of age were 21–25 mm Hg and 17–23 mm Hg, respectively.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of oral rivaroxaban in healthy adult cats
Authors: Dixon‐Jimenez Amy C. , Brainard Benjamin M. , Brooks Marjory B. , Nie Ben , Arnold Robert D. , Loper Daniel , Abrams Jessica C. , Rapoport Gregg S.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

To determine the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban (RVX), in healthy cats and to evaluate the clinicopathologic effects of various plasma RVX concentrations within target therapeutic ranges established for people.

Design

Prospective randomized cross‐over study performed between July 2013 and November 2014.

Setting

Veterinary university teaching hospital.

Animals

Six healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (3 males, 3 females).

Interventions

Cats were treated with oral RVX at single, fixed doses (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg PO), q 12 h for 3 days (1.25 mg); q 24 h for 7 days (2.5 mg); and q 24 h for 28 days (1.25 mg). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, blood chemistry, and RVX anticoagulant activity based on prolongation of dilute prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), activated Factor X (FXa) inhibition (anti‐Xa activity [aXa]) and high‐pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of drug concentration.

Measurements and Main Results

Treated cats had no signs of hemorrhage or clinicopathologic off‐target adverse effects. There were dose‐dependent prolongations of coagulation times and increase in aXa, with peak effect at 3 hours postadministration. There was a direct correlation between plasma RVX concentration and dilute prothrombin time and aXa. Coagulation parameters returned to baseline by 24 hours after the last dose.

Conclusions

Oral RVX was well tolerated by healthy cats with predictable pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effects. Clinical studies of RVX are warranted in cats with heart disease.
Evaluation of Three Human Cervical Fusion Implants for Use in the Canine Cervical Vertebral Column
Authors: Morrison Emily J. , Litsky Alan S. , Allen Matthew J. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Hettlich Bianca F.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To assess technical feasibility and mechanical properties of 3 locking plate designs (Zero‐P, Zero‐P VA, and Uniplate 2) for use in the canine cervical spine.

Study Design

Prospective ex vivo study.

Animals

Cadaver cervical spines from skeletally mature large breed dogs (n = 18).

Methods

Specimens were screened using radiography and allocated into balanced groups based on bone density. Stiffness of intact C4–C5 vertebral motion units was measured in extension, flexion, and lateral bending using nondestructive 4‐point bend testing. Uniplate 2 was then implanted at C4–C5 and mechanical testing was repeated. Mechanical test data were compared against those from 6 spines implanted with monocortical screws, an allograft ring spacer, and PMMA.

Results

The Zero‐P and Zero‐P VA systems could not be surgically implanted due to anatomical constraints in the vertebral column sizes of the canine cervical spines used in this study. Fixation with Uniplate 2 or with screws/PMMA significantly increased stiffness of the C4–C5 vertebral motion units compared to unaltered specimens (P < .001) in extension. Stiffness of the titanium screw/PMMA fixation was significantly greater than the Uniplate 2 construct in extension. Flexion and lateral bending could not be evaluated in 3 of 6 specimens in the Uniplate 2 group due to failure at the bone/implant interface during extension testing.

Conclusion

Fixation with Uniplate 2 was biomechanically inferior to screws/PMMA. Particularly concerning was the incidence of vertebral fracture after several testing cycles. Based on our results, Zero‐P, Zero‐P VA, and Uniplate 2 cannot be recommended for use in dogs requiring cervical fusion.
Removal of Cr, Ni and Co in the water of chromium mining areas by using Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L
Authors: Sasmaz Ahmet , Dogan Ibrahim Mete , Sasmaz Merve
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the use of Lemna gibba and Lemna minor plant species to absorb Cr, Ni and Co from Alacakaya mining area water. Lemna gibba and L. minor were separately placed to feed into two reactors. Water and plant samples were collected for eight consecutive days, and the pH, electric conductivity and temperature of the water were measured. The plants were washed, dried and burned at 300°C for 24 h in a drying oven. The samples were then analysed by ICP‐MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) for concentrations of Cr, Ni and Co, which were 1.2, 0.9 and 0.5 μg L−1 respectively. On Day 8, the determined uptake of L. gibba and L. minor were: 196 and 398% for Cr; 307 and 1473% for Ni; and 166 and 223% for Co respectively. Lemna gibba and L. minor were thus effective in absorbing Cr, Ni and Co from mining water.
A practical procedure for the microbiological monitoring of activated sludge plant functioning
Authors: Castillo González Eduardo , De Medina Salas Lorena , Contreras Gutiérrez Alejandra
Published: September 2016

The activated sludge process is one of the most used procedures for removing organic materials and nutrients from wastewater. In this article, microbiological monitoring was applied to supervise the functioning of an activated sludge plant. Samples were taken weekly at three points: aeration tank, returned sludge and effluent. Identification of four functional groups of microorganisms, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, protozoa, metazoa and algae in fresh specimen investigation were used to assess the performance of the plant. The results revealed that initially there were undesirable microorganisms in the aeration tank and in the returned sludge. The density of these organisms was reduced and replaced by Gram‐negative bacteria, ciliates, rotifers and nematodes, which was an indication of stabilization. The microbiological analysis using groups of microorganisms for assessment of the functioning of the activated sludge plant proved to be a reliable, simple and inexpensive method for monitoring the start‐up and operation of plants.
El papel de la auditoría forense en un caso de lavado de activos en Santiago de Cali
Authors: Grajales-Quintero Jhonny , Hormechea-Jiménez Karina Del Carmen , Trujillo-Guapacha Brandon Andrés
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo de investigación analiza, desde la perspectiva de la auditoría forense, un caso específico de lavado de activos en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es examinar el procedimiento judicial y penal del caso de lavado de activos, teniendo en cuenta el papel cumplido por la auditoría forense en la búsqueda de fraude financiero. Esta investigación es un estudio de caso; se utilizó un método inductivo de investigación, lo cual permitió que se observaran las peculiaridades del caso objeto de estudio, al tiempo que hace posible la aplicación de los resultados obtenidos en otros casos de la misma índole. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos, se encuentran los argumentos suficientes que se consideran evidencia o material probatorio para judicializar este caso de lavado de activos; además, se da a conocer cómo los procedimientos de auditoría forense fueron fundamentales para que las autoridades tomaran una decisión acerca del rumbo de los acusados y poder cerrar el caso. La investigación permite concluir que la auditoría forense jugó un papel relevante en la resolución del caso, ya que por medio de las herramientas que esta brinda se pudo esclarecer la realidad financiera que rodeaba a las personas implicadas en el delito.
Comisiones de la Verdad y posibles aprendizajes para el caso colombiano.
Authors: Millán Hernández Juanita Andrea
Published: September 2016

Las comisiones de la verdad han sido empleadas como una de las herramientas de la justicia transicional para coadyuvar en el proceso de la verdad, la justicia y la reparación de las víctimas. Las especificidades de diversas formas y modelos
de comisiones de la verdad pueden ser de ayuda frente a la posibilidad de tener en Colombia una comisión de la verdad que dé cuenta de los hechos ocurridos en el marco del conflicto armado interno.

 
Discursive frictions: the transitional justice paradigm, land restitution and gender in Colombia.
Authors: Meertens Donalda Jeanine
Published: September 2016

En la transición hacia un estado “pos-acuerdos de paz” en Colombia se crean unos escenarios particulares en los cuales el modelo universal de la Justicia Transicional, implementado a través de la política pública, en este caso la de la restitución de tierras, se encuentra con diversos elementos de lo local.  Esto es entendido no sólo en su acepción material de tierra y territorio, sino como una perspectiva desde la cual se conjugan discursos sobre la sociedad campesina, la familia, el género, la justicia y el desarrollo. En el siguiente texto analizamos los (des)encuentros entre los diferentes discursos de género, con miras a la capacidad transformadora de la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras, en materia de justicia de género. Para el análisis se emplea el concepto de fricciones, que nos permitirá ver las interacciones complejas, los conflictos ocultos y los resultados ambiguos, pero también las nuevas posibilidades de agencia.   
The Long Road to State-Building in Latin America and its Impact on Regionalization Processes
Authors: Pastrana Buelvas Eduardo , Castro Alegría Rafael Fernando
Published: September 2016

El artículo aborda, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, el impacto que el largo y tortuoso proceso de construcción del Estado en Latinoamérica ha tenido sobre la forma en que se han desarrollado los procesos de regionalización en el subcontinente. Primero, se contrastan las ideas clásicas y contemporáneas sobre la soberanía, a fin de establecer de forma diferenciada la manera en que dicho principio, desde una perspectiva histórica, ha tomado forma en la construcción del Estado y en la concreción de procesos de regionalización tanto en Latinoamérica como en Europa. Segundo, se presentan los elementos generales del pensamiento sobre la integración europea conectándolos con su experiencia histórica. Tercero, se interpreta el proceso de construcción de los Estados nación latinoamericanos y el impacto que haN tenido en su renuencia a ceder soberanía a entes supranacionales. Cuarto, se destaca el rol que han desempeñado ideas, tales como el panamericanismo, latinoamericanismo, suramericanismo y bolivarismo en el desarrollo de los procesos de regionalización en Latinoamérica. Quinto, se definen los rasgos característicos de las tres olas de integración y la renuencia de los Estados latinoamericanos a transferir soberanía a las arquitecturas de gobernanza regional. Sexto, se compara el concepto de soberanía en América Latina y en Europa así como el impacto que ha tenido en sus respectivos procesos de regionalización. Finalmente a partir de la compresión de la problemática del proceso inconcluso de construcción del Estado en Latinoamérica, se evalúan las perspectivas de desarrollo de los procesos de regionalización actuales.
Análisis de las relaciones sociales durante el embarazo en mujeres con y sin morbilidad materna extrema. Medellín, 2011-2012
Authors: Agudelo Londoño Sandra Milena , González-Ortiz Luz Denise , Vélez-Álvarez Gladis Adriana , Gómez-Dávila Joaquín , Gómez-Arias Rubén Darío
Published: September 2016

Introducción: los vínculos que establecemos se configuran en redes sociales. El análisis de estas redes nos permite comprender su influencia en la salud materna, asunto poco estudiado. Objetivo: caracterizar las redes sociales de gestantes con y sin diagnóstico de morbilidad materna extrema. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de las redes de seiscientas mujeres: 150 maternas diagnosticadas con morbilidad materna extrema y 450 gestantes sanas, configurándose así un estudio de casos y controles. Las maternas estuvieron hospitalizadas en hospitales de Medellín durante el 2011 y el 2012, donde respondieron una encuesta de caracterización de las relaciones sociales durante el embarazo. Resultados: las maternas reportaron relaciones extensas, densas y cercanas y se mostraron satisfechas con el soporte social recibido. La morbilidad materna extrema se asoció con la exposición a alguna forma de agresión, contar con un mayor número de contactos y mayor satisfacción con la red. Este último puede ser un sesgo del diseño utilizado.
Gasto farmacéutico en diabetes mellitus en una región de España según el Clinical Risk Group, 2012
Authors: Alvis Estrada Luis , Vivas-Consuelo David , Caballer-Tarazona Vicent , Usó-Talamantes Ruth , Sancho-Mestre Carla , Buigues-Pastor Laia
Published: September 2016

Se pretende estimar la multimorbilidad asociada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con el gasto farmacéutico, para lo cual se realizó un estudio de corte transversal durante el año 2012. Se identificó a 350 015 individuos diabéticos, a través de códigos clínicos, usando la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades y el software 3M Clinical Risk Groups. Todos los pacientes fueron clasificados en cuatro grupos de morbilidad. El primer grupo corresponde al estadio inicial, el segundo grupo incluye el núcleo de multimorbilidad de pacientes en fases intermedia y avanzada, el tercer grupo incluye pacientes con diabetes y enfermedades malignas, y el último grupo es de pacientes en estado catastrófico, principalmente enfermos renales crónicos. La prevalencia bruta de diabetes fue de 6,7 %. El gasto promedio total fue de € 1257,1. La diabetes se caracteriza por una fuerte presencia de otras condiciones crónicas y tiene un gran impacto en el gasto farmacéutico.
Gestión del talento humano en salud pública. Un análisis en cinco ciudades colombianas, 2014
Authors: Molina Marím Gloria , Oquendo-Lozano Tatiana , Rodríguez-Garzón Sergio , Montoya-Gómez Nilton , Vesga-Gómez Celmira , Lagos-Campos Nancy , Almanza-Payares Rita , Chavarro-Medina Martha , Goenaga-Jiménez Eloina , Arboleda-Posada Gladys
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: describir las condiciones laborales del personal de salud vinculado a programas de salud pública. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a una muestra representativa de 672 personas vinculadas a instituciones de salud habilitadas por el Ministerio de Salud en el 2013, que proveían servicios y programas de salud pública. Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren que la mayor parte del personal vinculado a servicios y programas de salud pública tenía formación en medicina, enfermería y odontología, condiciones laborales problemáticas —dado que predomina la contratación de corto plazo— y la cobertura en capacitación en salud pública era baja. La mayor idoneidad en salud pública de los encuestados se asoció con haber aprobado el examen de conocimiento para ingresar a la institución y tener evaluación del desempeño. Conclusión: se evidenció limitación en la formación y en la capacitación y deficientes condiciones laborales del personal que laboraba en los programas de salud pública.
Gubernamentalidad y relaciones de inclusión/ exclusión: los dispositivos de intervención social dirigidos a mujeres inmigradas en España
Authors: Galaz Valderrama Caterine Joanna , Montenegro Martínez Marisela
Published: September 2016

Las migraciones internacionales se han erigido como un campo de preocupación de los procesos de control y gobierno en las sociedades europeas contemporáneas, conformándose como “problema social” que es preciso atender desde diferentes estamentos públicos. De la necesidad de gestión de estos grupos poblacionales emergen leyes, reglamentos, discursos, planes de actuación y procesos de intervención cuyo efecto principal es la reproducción y solidificación de las relaciones de poder presentes en las sociedades de instalación. A partir de diversas investigaciones en el campo de los servicios que se prestan a mujeres inmigradas en el Estado español, se analizan las maneras en las que se instalan mecanismos de gubernamentalidad que contribuyen a la construcción de una “otra problemática y carente” que es necesario atender para su correcta integración social; mecanismos que ayudan a legitimar la necesidad de adaptación de estas personas a un contexto de desigualdad jurídica, social y cultural que resulta incuestionado.
Cartografías de la experiencia: consideraciones sobre metodología y redes sociales potentes
Authors: León Cedeño Alejandra Astrid , Varas Mansano Sonia Regina
Published: September 2016

La universidad pública tiene como uno de sus pilares promover aproximaciones cotidianas entre academia y comunidad, mejorando sus intervenciones a través de la investigación, docencia y extensión. El presente artículo busca cartografiar la experiencia de acercamiento entre una universidad pública brasileña y un movimiento social preliminarmente llamado “red”, cuyos nexos se están estrechando siguiendo el campo teórico-metodológico horizontal propuesto por diversas vertientes en Psicología Social. El trabajo de investigación en lo cotidiano ha servido como bisagra que favorece la articulación entre políticas públicas, movimientos sociales y universidad. Asimismo, la cartografía posibilita comprender y trabajar tres tipos de líneas en la red: duras, flexibles y de fuga, promoviendo el diálogo e intercambio de experiencias para favorecer la potenciación de ese colectivo.
Desmedicalización de la experiencia de dolor en mujeres: usos de plataformas virtuales y procesos de agenciamiento subjetivo
Authors: Amigot Patricia , Pujal i Llombart Margot
Published: September 2016

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el uso de las plataformas virtuales por parte de personas afectadas por un dolor crónico sin causa orgánica. Se trata de un malestar emergente, creciente y controvertido en sociedades globalizadas, tecnologizadas y occidentalizadas, que afecta a mujeres en una ratio de 20/1 y que ha sido incluido en la categoría clínica de fibromialgia. Se parte de los estudios sobre el biopoder, la medicalización de la experiencia y del enfoque de género en salud, para desde allí analizar las posibilidades y límites de las plataformas en línea que facilitan procesos de agenciamiento subjetivo y transformaciones corporales, subjetivas, sociales y políticas significativas. La aproximación metodológica es cualitativa y la fuente de datos la constituyen los intercambios en cuatro blogs o foros en línea. Los resultados y la discusión final abordan la recuperación de las mujeres y la posterior simbolización de su experiencia conflictiva en los foros, así como los alcances y límites en términos de agenciamiento
Homonacionalismo en Cataluña: una visión desde el activismo LGTBI
Authors: Sadurní Núria , Pujol Joan
Published: September 2016

El homonacionalismo constituye un marco conceptual que permite comprender cómo las políticas LGTB han sido instrumentalizadas en la construcción de una diferenciación geopolítica de carácter colonial. Construye relaciones de equivalencia entre las posiciones de sujeto ‘homosexual’ y ‘nacional’ que permite una diferenciación intra-nacional y entre-naciones de sujetos y poblaciones, justificando políticas de afirmación con base en el avance en algunos de los derechos humanos. Este fenómeno ha sido identificado principalmente en las políticas LGTB de EE. UU. y su desarrollo teórico se está extendiendo por el mundo. Ante los recientes desarrollos, tanto en términos de identidad nacional como de prácticas y marcos legales en defensa de los derechos LGTB, Cataluña podría constituir un territorio propicio para la construcción de un excepcionalismo que alimente discursos homonacionalistas. En este trabajo, se explora este tipo de discurso en narrativas construidas con activistas de grupos LGTBI en Barcelona, constatando su presencia y la consolidación de una normatividad que es cuestionada por las activistas.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rib Orientation on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages
Authors: Brahim Berrabah
Published: September 2016

The effect of rib orientation on flow and heat transfer in a four-pass square channel with skewed ribs in nonorthogonal-mode rotation was numerically studied by using omega-based Reynolds stress model (SMC−ω). Two cases are examined: in first case, the ribs are oriented with respect to the main flow direction at an angle of −45 deg in the first and third passage and at an angle of +45 deg in the second passage. The second case is identical to the first case with the ribs oriented at angle of +45 deg in the three passages. The calculations are carried out for a Reynolds number of 25,000, a rotation number of 0.24, and a density ratio of 0.13. The results show that the secondary flows induced by −45 deg ribs and by rotation combine partially destructively in the first and third passage of first case. In contrast, for second case, the secondary flows induced by +45 deg ribs and by rotation combine constructively in the first passage, while the flow is dominated by the vortices induced by +45 deg ribs in the third passage. In first case, a significant degradation of the heat transfer rate is observed on the coleading side of the first passage and on both cotrailing and coleading sides of the third as compared to second case. Consequently, the rib orientations at +45 deg are preferred in the radial outward flowing passage with an acceptable pressure drop. The numerical results are in agreement with the available experimental data.
Natural Convective Nanofluid Flow in an Annular Space Between Confocal Elliptic Cylinders
Authors: Tayebi Tahar , Chamkha Ali J. , Djezzar Mahfoud , Bouzerzour Abdeslem
Published: September 2016

The natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer in an annulus of two differentially heated confocal elliptic cylinders filled with the Cu–water nanofluid are investigated numerically. The outer cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature Tc while the inner cylinder is kept at a differentially higher constant temperature Th. Equations of continuity, momentum, and energy are formulated using the dimensionless form in elliptic coordinates for two-dimensional steady, laminar, and incompressible flow, which is expressed in terms of stream function, vorticity, and temperature. The basic equations are discretized using the finite-volume method. Using a developed code, calculations were performed for Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 3 × 105), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ  ≤ 0.12), and eccentricity of the inner ellipse, ε1 = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9. The eccentricity of outer ellipse and the angle of orientation are fixed at 0.6 deg and 0 deg, respectively. Results are presented in the form of stream lines, isotherm plots, and local and average Nusselt numbers. The results discussed in this present work show the existence of a very good agreement between the present results and those from the previous researches.
A Nonlinear State Feedback for DC/DC Boost Converters
Authors: Gehan O. , Pigeon E. , Menard T. , Pouliquen M. , Gualous H. , Slamani Y. , Tala-Ighil B.
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the control problem for static boost type converters using a high gain state feedback robust controller incorporating an integral action. The robust feature allows to achieve the required performance in the presence of parametric uncertainties, while the integral action provides an offset free performance with respect to the desired levels of voltage. The adopted high gain approach is motivated by both fundamental as well as practical considerations, namely the underlying fundamental potential and the design parameter specification simplicity. The stability and convergence analysis has been carried out using an adequate Lyapunov approach, and the control system calibration is achieved throughout a few design parameters which are closely related to the desired dynamical performances. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach has been corroborated by numerical simulations and probing experimental results.
A Low-Cost, Automated Wafer Loading System With Submicron Alignment Accuracy for Nanomanufacturing and Nanometrology Applications
Authors: Duenner Andrew , Yao Tsung-Fu , De Hoyos Bruno , Gonzales Marianna , Riojas Nathan , Cullinan Michael
Published: September 2016

This paper introduces a low-cost, automated wafer alignment system capable of submicron wafer positioning repeatability. Accurate wafer alignment is critical in a number of nanomanufacturing and nanometrology applications where it is necessary to be able to overlay patterns between fabrication steps or measure the same spot on a wafer over and over again throughout the manufacturing process. The system presented in this paper was designed to support high-throughput nanoscale metrology where the goal is to be able to rapidly and consistently measure the same features on all the wafers in a wafer carrier without the need for slow and expensive vision-based alignment systems to find and measure the desired features. The wafer alignment system demonstrated in this paper consists of a three-pin passive wafer alignment stage, a voice coil actuated nesting force applicator, a three degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) wafer handling robot, and a wafer cassette. In this system, the wafer handling robot takes a wafer from the wafer cassette and loads it on to the wafer alignment stage. The voice coil actuator is then used to load the wafer against the three pins in the wafer alignment system and align the wafer to an atomic force microscope (AFM)-based metrology system. This simple system is able to achieve a throughput of 60 wafers/h with a positional alignment repeatability of 283 nm in the x-direction, 530 nm in the y-direction, and 398 nm in the z-direction for a total capital cost of less than $1800.
Fabrication of Metal–Polymer Nanocomposites by In-Fiber Instability
Authors: Lin Ting-Chiang , Zhao Jingzhou , Cao Chezheng , Javadi Abdolreza , Yang Yingchao , Hwang Injoo , Li Xiaochun
Published: September 2016

Thermal fiber drawing process has emerged as a promising nanomanufacturing process to generate high-throughput, well aligned, and indefinitely long micro/nanostructures. However, scalable fabrication of metal–polymer nanocomposite is still a challenge, since it is still very difficult to control metal core geometry at nanoscale due to the low-viscosity and high-surface energy of molten metals in cladding materials (e.g., polymer or glass). Here, we show that a scalable nanomanufacture of metal–polymer nanocomposite via thermal fiber drawing is possible. Polyethersulfone (PES) fibers embedded with Sn nanoparticles (<200 nm) were produced by the iterative size reduction thermal fiber drawing. A post-characterization procedure was developed to successfully reveal the metal core geometry at submicron scale. A three-stage control mechanism is proposed to realize the possible control of the metal nanoparticle morphology. This thermal drawing approach promises a scalable production of metal–polymer nanocomposite fibers with unique physicochemical properties for exciting new functionalities.
Experimental Analysis of Friction and Wear of Laser Microtextured Surface Filled With Composite Solid Lubricant and Lubricated With Grease on Sliding Surfaces
Authors: Hua Xijun , Caesar Puoza Julius , Sun Jianguo , Zhang Peiyun , Ji Jinghu , Wang Hao , Fu Hao , Kang Zhengyang
Published: September 2016

Experimental studies of friction and wear on textured surfaces filled with composite solid lubricant and lubricated with grease were conducted on a sliding plain bearing to enhance the working performance and lifetime under different conditions. Circular microdimples of different diameters were fabricated on GCr15 bearing steel specimens using the semiconductor sound and light pumped Nd:YAG laser machining equipment. Ring-on-ring tribological test configuration with GCr15 tribopairs under a combined non-Newtonian lubrication of grease and composite lubricant was performed. The results showed that the surface textures on specimen GCr15 bearing steel material filled composite solid lubricant and lubricated with grease (TLG), reduced the friction by 27%, 46%, and 75% of the grease only (TG), solid lubricant only (TL), and nonlubricated (T) specimens, respectively. The textured specimen with dimple diameter of 109 μm lowered the maximum coefficient of friction by 38% and enhanced the antiwear properties of GCr15 bearing steel material remarkably. This indicated that grease has great potential in promoting service life and working performance of sliding plain bearing when combined with composite solid lubricant in a laser-textured surface. It is therefore beneficial for applications in the machinery and automotive components industries in saving energy and reducing CO2 emission.
Methodology to Improve the Cylindricity of Engine Cylinder Bore by Honing
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Wang Xiaoqing , Wang Daming , Yao Zhenqiang , Xi Lifeng , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: September 2016

Cylindricity of engine cylinder bore is identified as one of the crucial factors to exert great influence on engine performance including piston friction and wear, energy consumption, and gas emission. Cylindricity at macroscopic level as well as surface roughness at microscopic level such as peak roughness, core roughness, and valley roughness of engine cylinder bore is typically generated by honing operations. However, the selection of the process parameters of honing is currently based on empirical methods since honing is mechanically complex process. It thus makes a significance to analytically investigate honing operation to effectively improve the cylindricity of engine cylinder bore based on its functional requirements. This research aims to explore the methodology on achieving the desired cylindricity for engine cylinder bore through several approaches including simulating honing motion trajectory, improving honing head structure, coordinating cylinder bore honing with its previous boring operation, and optimizing honing parameters such as honing velocity, stroke speed, and overrunning distance. The research presents a systematical thinking to achieve macrogeometrical features in the honing of engine cylinder bore and a theoretical approach for the successful selection and optimization of honing process parameters.
Promoting Model-Based Definition to Establish a Complete Product Definition
Authors: Ruemler Shawn P. , Zimmerman Kyle E. , Hartman Nathan W. , Hedberg Thomas , Barnard Feeny Allison
Published: September 2016

The manufacturing industry is evolving and starting to use three-dimensional (3D) models as the central knowledge artifact for product data and product definition, or what is known as model-based definition (MBD). The model-based enterprise (MBE) uses MBD as a way to transition away from using traditional paper-based drawings and documentation. As MBD grows in popularity, it is imperative to understand what information is needed in the transition from drawings to models so that the models represent all the relevant information needed for processes to continue efficiently. Finding this information can help to define what data are common amongst different models in different stages of the lifecycle, which could help to establish a common information model. The common information model is a source that contains common information from domain specific elements amongst different aspects of the lifecycle. To help establish this common information model, information about how models are used in the industry within different workflows needs to be understood. To retrieve this information, a survey mechanism was administered to industry professionals from various sectors. Based on the results of the survey a common information model could not be established. However, the results gave great insight that will help in further investigation of the common information model.
In-Line Dimensional Metrology in Nanomanufacturing Systems Enabled by a Passive Semiconductor Wafer Alignment Mechanism
Authors: Yao Tsung-Fu , Duenner Andrew , Cullinan Michael
Published: September 2016

One of the major challenges in nanoscale manufacturing is defect control because it is difficult to measure nanoscale features in-line with the manufacturing process. Optical inspection typically is not an option at the nanoscale level due to the diffraction limit of light, and without inspection high scrap rates can occur. Therefore, this paper presents an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based inspection system that can be rapidly implemented in-line with other nanomanufacturing processes. Atomic force microscopy is capable of producing very high resolution (subnanometer-scale) surface topology measurements and is widely utilized in scientific and industrial applications, but has not been implemented in-line with manufacturing systems, primarily because of the large setup time typically required to take an AFM measurement. This paper introduces the design of a mechanical wafer-alignment device to enable in-line AFM metrology in nanoscale manufacturing by dramatically reducing AFM metrology setup time. The device consists of three pins that exactly constrain the wafer and a nesting force applied by a flexure to keep the wafer in contact with the pins. Kinematic couplings precisely mate the device below a flexure stage containing an array of AFM microchips which are used to make nanoscale measurements on the surface of the semiconductor wafer. This passive alignment system reduces the wafer setup time to less than 1 min and produces a lateral positioning accuracy that is on the order of ∼1 μm.
Structural Deflection's Impact in Turbine Stator Well Heat Transfer
Authors: Pohl Julien , Thompson Harvey M. , Guijarro Valencia Antonio , López Juste Gregorio , Fico Vincenzo , Clayton Gary A.
Published: September 2016

In the most evolved designs, it is common practice to expose engine components to main annulus air temperatures exceeding the thermal material limit in order to increase the overall performance and to minimize the engine-specific fuel consumption (SFC). To prevent overheating of the materials and thus the reduction of the component life, an internal flow system is required to cool the critical engine parts and to protect them. This paper shows a practical application and extension of the methodology developed during the five-year research program, main annulus gas path interaction (MAGPI). Extensive use was made of finite element analysis (FEA (solids)) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD (fluid)) modeling techniques to understand the thermomechanical behavior of a dedicated turbine stator well cavity rig, due to the interaction of cooling air supply with the main annulus. Previous work based on the same rig showed difficulties in matching predictions to thermocouple measurements near the rim seal gap. In this investigation, two different types of turbine stator well geometries were analyzed, where—in contrast to previous analyses—further use was made of the experimentally measured radial component displacements during hot running in the rig. The structural deflections were applied to the existing models to evaluate the impact inflow interactions and heat transfer. Additionally, to the already evaluated test cases without net ingestion, cases simulating engine deterioration with net ingestion were validated against the available test data, also taking into account cold and hot running seal clearances. 3D CFD simulations were conducted using the commercial solver fluent coupled to the in-house FEA tool SC03 to validate against available test data of the dedicated rig.
Frequency and Magnitude of Head Accelerations in a Canadian Interuniversity Sport Football Team’s Training Camp and Season
Authors: Muise Daniel P. , MacKenzie Sasho J. , Sutherland Tara M.
Published: September 2016

The increased awareness of concussion in sport has led to an examination of head impacts and the associated biomechanics that occur during these sporting events. The high rate of concussions in football makes it particularly relevant.1 The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently, and to what magnitude, Canadian University football players get hit in training camp and how this compares to practices and games in regular season. An ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that, on average, players were hit significantly more in games (45.2 hits) than training camp sessions (17.7 hits) and practices (8.0 hits), while training camp was associated with significantly more hits than practices (p < .001, η2 = .392). Multiple positional differences were found. In particular, significantly more hits were experienced by offensive linemen (36.7 hits) and defensive linemen (31.6 hits) compared with all other positions (p < .001, η2 = .247). Study outcomes determined players/positions most at risk for concussion due to head impacts, which is beneficial in forming concussion prevention and assessment strategies.