bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Cement Slurry Composition, Mechanical Properties, and Cement Bond Log Output
Authors: Jutten J. J. , Parcevaux P. A. , Guillot D. J.
Published: July 2015

The objective of this paper is to describe and quantify the influence of cement slurry composition on the mechanical properties of the hardened cement and on the main output of the cement bond log: attenuation of the first arrival amplitude.

Laboratory experiments were performed in ambient conditions of pressure and temperature, with a laboratory type cement bond tool coupled to an oscilloscope and a data acquisition unit. The tool was immersed in oil filled, 4.5 inch, 11.3 lbm/ft casing. The annulus between the casing and a 9.5 inch PVC pipe backed by air was filled with the cement slurry.

The following mechanical properties were determined as a function of time: compressive strength, shear bond strength, total chemical contraction, velocity of compressional waves and resonance frequency.

More than 20 different cement slurry formulations were tested, with densities ranging from 10 to 19 lbm/gal, and containing as widely different additives as bentonite, soluble silicate, silica microspheres, hematite, salts, latex, dispersant and fluid loss agent.

Amongst many results and correlations, several conclusions can be drawn. The relationship between compressive strength and velocity of compressional waves, verified for most slurries, is not valid for salt containing slurries, when for all the systems tested, a single relationship exists between Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Particulate extenders like silica microspheres provide, for a given slurry density, higher acoustic impedance and CBL attenuation rate than chemical extenders like soluble silicates. Finally, latex in the cement does not influence the CBL.
A Study of Slip-Stick Motion of the Bit
Authors: Kyllingstad A. , Halsey G. W.
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with torsional oscillations caused by slip-stick motion of the drillcollar section. This phenomenon is associated with a large amplitude, saw-tooth like variation in the applied torque. The term slip-stick motion refers to the belief that the amplitude of the torsional oscillations becomes so large that the drillcollar section periodically comes to a complete stop and does not come free until enough torque is built up in the drillstring to overcome the static friction.

A mathematical model of slip-stick motion is presented. This model includes parameters describing downhole friction effects and a simplified description of the drillstring. The effects of damping, finite rotary table inertia, and the rotary speed control system are discussed. Theoretical predictions from this model are compared with measured torque signals recorded during field drilling.

This kind of drilling performance is likely to be less effective than normal drilling and may also lead to fatigue problems. This paper discusses the possibilities for avoiding severe torsional oscillations by using a more sophisticated feedback system to control the rotary speed.
The Influence of Fermentation on the Content of Alkylresorcinols and Lignans in Plant Products
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Skabeikyte Erika , Krungleviciute Vita , Jakobsone Ida , Bobere Natalija , Bartkevics Vadims , Juodeikiene Grazina
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) with bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus pentosaceus) on the content of alkylresorcinols (ARs) and lignans in plant products (barley bran, pea fiber, and lupine seeds).

Lignans analysis was performed by HPLC-MS/MS, and alkylresorcinols content was evaluated by GC/MS.

We found that with the experimentally tested LAB, under SSF conditions more organic acids were produced and in most cases a higher count of the LAB was found in SSF samples, compared to the SmF samples.

The matairesinol content was increased by using fermentation (from 7.9 to 35.4 % in pea fiber, from 33.2 to 81.5 % in lupine seeds, and from 5.9 to 74.9 % in barley bran), and in most cases a higher content of matairesinol was found in the SSF samples. The content of secoisolariciresinol in the fermented samples was found to be higher, in comparison to the untreated samples. It was found that the total lignans content in the pea fiber had a strong correlation with the amylase activity (R=0.7908; P=0.0177).

Our results suggested that the total ARs content in pea fiber, lupine seeds, and barley bran was 267 µg/g; 1757 µg/g, and 1488 µg/g, respectively, and by using the LAB fermentation, the ARs content was reduced by 40 to 73 %, by 10 to 77 %, and by 24 to 74 %, respectively.

We conclude that by using the LAB fermentation, the concentration of lignans in plant products could be increased, but the ARs content could be reduced, and the proper conditions should be selected for the fermentation, in order to prevent possible losses of these biologically active compounds.
Use of Alkali-activated Aluminosilicatematerialto Enhancebiogas Production from Acidic Whey
Authors: Rugele K. , Skripsts E. , Mezule L. , Pitk P. , Bajare D. , Juhna T.
Published: July 2015

The effect of the addition of novel alkali-activated material (AAM) granules to provide additional buffering capacity, pH stability and increased methane yields in batch scale anaerobic digestion was investigated.The experiments were carried out with 20%, 30% and 40% of acidic whey in 500 ml batch reactors by a single addition of AAM granules (diameter from 2 to 8 mm) at 37 ± 0.5x00B0;C during 30 days. Presence of the AAM in the batch reactors allowedto maintain optimal pH, thus increasingthe yield and rate of methane formation from acid whey.
Phytoremediation and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation in Soil and Treatment Wetlands: A Review
Authors: Truu Jaak , Truu Marika , Espenberg Mikk , Nõlvak Hiie , Juhanson Jaanis
Published: July 2015

Phytoremediation is a technology that is based on the combined action of plants and their associated microbial communities to degrade, remove, transform, or immobilize toxic compounds located in soils, sediments, and more recently in polluted ground water and wastewater in treatment wetlands. Phytoremediation could be used to treat different types of contaminants including petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, explosives, heavy metals and radionuclides in soil and water. The advantages of phytoremediation compared to conventional techniques are lower cost, low disruptiveness to the environment, public acceptance, and potentiality to remediate various pollutants. The use of plants in conjunction with plant associated bacteria (rhizosphere or endophytic) offers greater potential for bioremediation of organic compounds, and in some cases inorganic pollutants than using plants alone in bioremediation. The implementation of treatment wetlands for phytoremediation of wastewater or polluted water originating from various sources allows removing organic and inorganic pollutants from water in an environmentally friendly and economically feasible way.

Presently, different processes of phytoremediation in treatment wetlands are less studied compared to phytoremediation of polluted soils. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the pollutant removal mechanisms in treatment wetlands with vegetation, and how based on this information to improve treatment wetland design and operational parameters to achieve more efficient treatment processes. This review covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in plant–assisted biodegradation in soil and treatment wetlands.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Longitudinal Study Comparison of 2 Techniques with 2 and 5-Years Follow-Up
Authors: Astur Diego C , Gouveia Gustavo B , Borges José H. de Souza , Astur Nelson , Arliani Gustavo G , Kaleka Camila C , Cohen Moises
Published: July 2015

Background :

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of two popular surgical techniques for medial patellofemoral ligament MPFL reconstruction with a minimum of two-year follow-up.

Methods :

Fifty-eight patients with traumatic tear of the medial patellofemoral ligament were included in one of the two surgical groups. Group 1 MPFLs were reconstructed through graft endobutton fixation and Group 2 through graft anchor fixation into the patella. After two to five-year follow-up, patients were asked to answer knee function questionnaires (Fulkerson and Kujala) as well as the SF-36 life quality score.

Results :

There were no statistical difference among postoperative Kujala, Fulkerson, and SF-36 questionnaires scores between Groups 1 and 2. There were statistical significant differences favorable to patients in Group 1 with a shorter follow-up length (2-5 years) compared to those with a longer period of 5-10 years for both Kujala and Fulkerson scores and no difference for group 2.

Conclusion :

Both medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction techniques had similar results in a two to ten-year follow-up according to functions and life quality questionnaires. Furthermore, endobutton fixation for the patellar edge of the graft had better results in patients with 2 years of follow-up than those with 5 years. Gender was not significant for surgical results. Moreover, group 1 patients had higher number of complications.
Superficial Peroneal Nerve Incarceration in the Fibular Fracture Site of a Pronation External Rotation Type Ankle Fracture
Authors: Ellanti P , Mohamed K.M.S , O’Shea K
Published: July 2015

Ankle fractures are common representing up to 10% of all fractures with an incidence that is rising. Both conservative treatment and operative management of ankle fractures can lead to excellent outcomes. Neurovascular injuries are uncommon but can be a source of significant morbidity and associated poor outcome. The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) in the lateral approach and the sural nerve in the posterolateral approach are at risk of injury. We report an unexpected finding of a superficial peroneal nerve incarcerated in the fibular fracture site of pronation external rotation type/ Weber-C ankle fracture. To the best of our knowledge we believe this to be the first English language report of an incarcerated SPN at a fibular ankle fracture site.
Seed sources in SE „Srbijasume“ as a basis for conservation and directed utilization gene pool
Authors: Maksimovic Zoran , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Aleksic Predrag , Sovilj Ljiljana
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the existing seed sources
managed by SE ?Srbijasume?. A proposal has been given for new seed sources to
be designated in forest areas. This paper highlights the significance of seed
sources as a form of in situ conservation, as well as the necessity of
establishing seed orchards as a form of ex situ conservation of forest
genetic resources, which improves the mass production of reproductive
material of forest trees characterized by good genetic quality.
Halo statistics analysis within medium volume cosmological N-body simulation
Authors: Martinovic N.
Published: July 2015

In this paper we present halo statistics analysis of a ?CDM N body
cosmological simulation (from first halo formation until z = 0). We study
mean major merger rate as a function of time, where for time we consider
both per redshift and per Gyr dependence. For latter we find that it scales
as the well known power law (1 + z)n for which we obtain n = 2.4. The halo
mass function and halo growth function are derived and compared both with
analytical and empirical fits. We analyse halo growth through out entire
simulation, making it possible to continuously monitor evolution of halo
number density within given mass ranges. The halo formation redshift is
studied exploring possibility for a new simple preliminary analysis during
the simulation run. Visualization of the simulation is portrayed as well. At
redshifts z = 0?7 halos from simulation have good statistics for further
analysis especially in mass range of 1011 ? 1014 M./h.
Analytical formulations to the method of variation of parameters in terms of universal Y's functions
Authors: Sharaf M.A. , Saad A.S. , Selim H.H.
Published: July 2015

The method of variation of parameters still has a great interest and wide
applications in mathematics, physics and astrodynamics. In this paper,
universal functions (the Y's functions) based on Goodyear's time
transformation formula were used to establish a variation of parameters
method which is useful in slightly perturbed two-body initial value problem.
Moreover due to its universality, the method avoids the switching among
different conic orbits which are commonly occurring in space missions. The
position and velocity vectors are written in terms of f and g series. The
method is developed analytically and computationally. For the analytical
developments, exact literal formulations for the differential system of
variation of the epoch state vector are established. Symbolical series
solution of the universal Kepler's equation was also established, and the
literal analytical expressions of the coefficients of the series are listed
in Horner form for efficient and stable evaluation. For computational
developments of the method, an efficient algorithm was given using continued
fraction theory. Finally, a short note on the method of solution was given
just for the reader guidance.
Computational drug Cumintrazole-analog for the treatment of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Baseer Shehneela , Khan Sajid , Nouroz Faisal
Published: July 2015

Breast cancer is the second death causing disease in the world. Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) are the controlling proteins of this cancer. Real capacity of BRCA1/BRCA2 is to control the cell division, repair the damaged DNA and stabilized the genetic material of the cell. In case of any mutation in these proteins, the division of breast cells will be modified and therefore the cancerous development of cells will start in breast. The essential target of study was to prepare novel synthetic compound to focus on destinations for receptor proteins, located on cells surface, which control the development or stop the multiplication of cancer cells. Subsequent to screening vast measure of information, we outlined novel in-silico medication compound for breast cancer that is able to hinder the uncontrolled development of cells. In docked edifices PHE and GLN are critical communicating build ups for BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins. Atomic recipe of shad sample totally fulfills the Lipinski rule of five. It shows less symptoms and long resistance against breast cancer cells. We infer that our medication shad sample is better than the business drugs available in business sector. As it is non-toxic in nature and has no reactions. The proposed drug is suitable for reduction of the breast cancer in females.Baseer et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2015, 4(8): 410-414
From research to action: Oral Misoprostol for preventing postpartum haemorrhage during home delivery in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Gisby Laura Jane , Mamun Md Abdullah Al
Published: July 2015

While Bangladesh has experienced a remarkable 40% decline in maternal mortality over the past ten years, it remains a major health problem. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most prevalent preventable causes of maternal mortality in the country, accountable for over a quarter of the deaths. In Bangladesh, over 70% of the births take place outside health centres, mostly in poor rural areas. This leads to lack of access to conventional injectable uterotonics (i.e. oxytocin) during the third stage of labour to prevent or treat PPH. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of oral misoprostol as an intervention to prevent PPH in rural Bangladesh during home births that take place without trained birth attendants. A review of the existing literature in electronic database, shows robust evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs)on the effectiveness of oral misoprostol in preventing PPH. Misoprostol has proved significantly effective (RR 0.58, CI 0.380.87) in reducing PPH incidence and to go have a very good safety profile. Furthermore, field trials and operational studies have already proven the feasibility, acceptance and safety of scaling up the use of misoprostol in rural Bangladesh. Therefore, we recommend oral misoprostol to be included in the National Maternal Health Strategy as an intervention to control PPH during home birth in rural Bangladesh.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 2-6
Local governance system for management of public health facilities: Functioning of Rogi Kalyan Samiti in North Eastern States of India
Authors: Nongdrenkhomba Heikrujam Nongyai , Prasad Banuru Muralidhara , Baishya Achyut Chandra , Shome Biraj Kanti
Published: July 2015

In India, the National Rural Health Mission envisaged of having committees with civil society representation at all publicly financed hospitals known as Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS), with mandate to enhance governance in hospitals. There are limited evidences about functioning of these committees in many states, especially in North Eastern (NE) states. This paper analyses the perspective of RKS members and relate to changing community- health system structure for improved governance. The study was conducted in three states Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura of NE Region of India. Using stratified sampling design, 14 RKS/facilities were selected from Manipur, 15 from Meghalaya and 11 from Tripura. Two key informants (mainly, president/secretary of RKS) were interviewed using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire in local language. The major areas of RKS operationalization identified include; constitution, finance management and activities related to health systems strengthening. RKS was constituted during 2006-07 with governing body following issuance of government of India guidelines. The funds (grants and User Fee) were utilized for purchase of furniture, bio-medical waste management etc. The governing body meetings focused mainly on ensuring services; in Tripura 72% of RKS had regular meetings and have shown improvement in functioning of facilities.Formation of RKS model paved way to a new beginning for strengthening health system with involvement of local leaders, civil society to improve governance. The functioning is derived by availability of resources, capacity of committee members and the bureaucratic process. Revision in functioning of RKS model is essential towards self-sustainability and bridge between community-health systems.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 16-22
Prevalence of goiter and iodine status among 6-12 years school age children in district Kohat, Pakistan
Authors: Subhan Fazli , Jahangir Muhammad , Saira Saira , Khattak Rehman Mehmood , Shahab Muhammad , Haq Matiul , Khattak Muhammad Nasir Khan
Published: July 2015

Pakistan is considered to be one of the most severely iodine deficient countries in the region. A decade earlier, 70% of the population was estimated to be at risk of iodine deficiency. However, the recent use of iodized salt has reduced the intensity of the problem. Earlier studies regarding iodine deficiency in Pakistan were restricted to the northern mountainous regions, but have now been extended to the sub-Himalaya areas and the plains of Punjab. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of goiter and iodine status among school children in district Kohat, Pakistan. The 30 cluster approach was adopted for the study. From each cluster, 40 samples were collected from school going children. The palpation method was used to measure goiter grade, whereas, for urinary iodine estimation, the wet digestion method was used. The prevalence of goiter in the district was found to be 35% (37.16% in boys and 33% in girls). The median urinary iodine concentration was found to be 56±31.19?g/L. Estimation of iodine content in salt illustrated that 56.8% people were consuming non-iodized salt and 43.5% were using iodized salt. The current study suggests a severe iodine deficiency in school children of district Kohat and regular iodine supplementation is required on an instant basis.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 42-46
Gender inequities and HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality: Findings from the United Nation countries
Authors: Khammarnia Mohammad , Hatam Nahid , Faraji Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2015

In the last years, the prevalence Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) have increased worldwide, specifically in developing countries due to a number of causes. This study aimed was to determination the relationship between gender inequities, HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality in the United Nation countries. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 2013 and all the countries (187 countries) which were included in the WHO and UN Annual Reports (2012) were considered. One hundred and forty four countries were selected which had the completed indices of gender inequities (GI), HIV morbidity and AIDS mortality in the reports. The findings showed that there was direct association between the gender inequities, HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality (p=0.001). The level of GI among low-income countries (0.41) was higher than others groups, and approximately twice as much as that of high-income countries (0.19). It was noted that GI had a significant association with the AIDS mortality in the high-income countries (p=0.031). Moreover, in the upper middle income countries, the both indices (HIV morbidity and AIDS mortality) had significant positive association with the GI (p<0.05). However, the highest level of significant relationship was between being HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity with the GI in low income countries (p<0.00l). It was observed that GI led to HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity in all countries specifically in developing countries. Specific strategies should be implemented to decrease the gender inequities by the provision of women education and empowermen and improvement of socio-economic status to reduce HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 51-54
Technology-enhanced learning in Asia: New educational possibilities for the tomorrows doctors and tomorrows cures
Authors: Majumder Md Anwarul Azim , Rahman Sayeeda , Azim Md Sayed Shehran
Published: July 2015

South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 55-58
A Modified Thermal Time Model Quantifying Germination Response to Temperature for C3 and C4 Species in Temperate Grassland
Authors: Zhang Hongxiang , Tian Yu , Zhou Daowei
Published: July 2015

Thermal-based germination models are widely used to predict germination rate and germination timing of plants. However, comparison of model parameters between large numbers of species is rare. In this study, seeds of 27 species including 12 C4 and 15 C3 species were germinated at a range of constant temperatures from 5 °C to 40 °C. We used a modified thermal time model to calculate germination parameters at suboptimal temperatures. Generally, the optimal germination temperature was higher for C4 species than for C3 species. The thermal time constant for the 50% germination percentile was significantly higher for C3 than C4 species. The thermal time constant of perennials was significantly higher than that of annuals. However, differences in base temperatures were not significant between C3 and C4, or annuals and perennial species. The relationship between germination rate and seed mass depended on plant functional type and temperature, while the base temperature and thermal time constant of C3 and C4 species exhibited no significant relationship with seed mass. The results illustrate differences in germination characteristics between C3 and C4 species. Seed mass does not affect germination parameters, plant life cycle matters, however.
Where to Target Conservation Agriculture for African Smallholders? How to Overcome Challenges Associated with its Implementation? Experience from Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Baudron Frédéric , Thierfelder Christian , Nyagumbo Isaiah , Gérard Bruno
Published: July 2015

Since the paper by Giller et al. (2009), the debate surrounding the suitability of conservation agriculture (CA) for African smallholders has remained polarized between proponents and opponents. The debate also gave rise to a few studies that attempted to identify the “niche” where CA would fit in the region, but the insight offered by these studies has been limited. In this paper, we first analyze the rationale of adoption where it occurred globally to define “drivers” of adoption. Our analysis suggests that CA has first and foremost been adopted under the premises of being energy-saving (time and/or power), erosion-controlling, and water-use efficient, but rarely to increase yield. We then define the niche where CA fits, based on these drivers of adoption, as systems where (1) the energy available for crop establishment is limited and/or costly (including labor and draft power); (2) delayed planting results in a significant yield decline; (3) yield is limited or co-limited by water; and/or (4) severe erosion problems threaten the short- to medium-term productivity of farmland. In Eastern and Southern Africa, this niche appears rather large and likely to expand in the near future. When implemented within this niche, CA may still be limited by “performance challenges” that do not constitute drivers or barriers to adoption, but limitations to the performance of CA. We argue that most of these performance challenges can (and should) be addressed by agronomic and socio-economic research, and provide four examples where the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and its partners have been successfully alleviating four very different challenges through research and development (R&D) in Eastern and Southern Africa. Finally, we describe an iterative and multi-scale R&D approach currently used by CIMMYT in Eastern and Southern Africa to overcome challenges associated with the implementation of CA by African smallholders. This approach could also be useful for other complex combinations of technologies aiming at sustainable intensification.
Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease: Shared and Distinguishable Features
Authors: Kwakye Gunnar , Paoliello Monica , Mukhopadhyay Somshuvra , Bowman Aaron , Aschner Michael
Published: July 2015

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element necessary for physiological processes that support development, growth and neuronal function. Secondary to elevated exposure or decreased excretion, Mn accumulates in the basal ganglia region of the brain and may cause a parkinsonian-like syndrome, referred to as manganism. The present review discusses the advances made in understanding the essentiality and neurotoxicity of Mn. We review occupational Mn-induced parkinsonism and the dynamic modes of Mn transport in biological systems, as well as the detection and pharmacokinetic modeling of Mn trafficking. In addition, we review some of the shared similarities, pathologic and clinical distinctions between Mn-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease. Where possible, we review the influence of Mn toxicity on dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate neurotransmitter levels and function. We conclude with a survey of the preventive and treatment strategies for manganism and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Global Reprogramming of Transcription in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) during Progressive Drought Stress and after Rewatering
Authors: Hu Ruiyang , Wu Bo , Zheng Huiquan , Hu Dehuo , Wang Xinjie , Duan Hongjing , Sun Yuhan , Wang Jinxing , Zhang Yue , Li Yun
Published: July 2015

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), an evergreen conifer, is the most commonly grown afforestation species in southeast China due to its rapid growth and good wood qualities. To gain a better understanding of the drought-signalling pathway and the molecular metabolic reactions involved in the drought response, we performed a genome-wide transcription analysis using RNA sequence data. In this study, Chinese fir plantlets were subjected to progressively prolonged drought stress, up to 15 d, followed by rewatering under controlled environmental conditions. Based on observed morphological changes, plantlets experienced mild, moderate, or severe water stress before rehydration. Transcriptome analysis of plantlets, representing control and mild, moderate, and severe drought-stress treatments, and the rewatered plantlets, identified several thousand genes whose expression was altered in response to drought stress. Many genes whose expression was tightly coupled to the levels of drought stress were identified, suggesting involvement in Chinese fir drought adaptation responses. These genes were associated with transcription factors, signal transport, stress kinases, phytohormone signalling, and defence/stress response. The present study provides the most comprehensive transcriptome resource and the first dynamic transcriptome profiles of Chinese fir under drought stress. The drought-responsive genes identified in this study could provide further information for understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in Chinese fir.
Quantification of Polyfunctional Thiols in Wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS Following Extractive Alkylation
Authors: Musumeci Lauren , Ryona Imelda , Pan Bruce , Loscos Natalia , Feng Hui , Cleary Michael , Sacks Gavin
Published: July 2015

Analyses of key odorous polyfunctional volatile thiols in wines (3-mercaptohexanol (3-MH), 3-mercaptohexylacetate (3-MHA), and 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone (4-MMP)) are challenging due to their high reactivity and ultra-trace concentrations, especially when using conventional gas-chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). We describe a method in which thiols are converted to pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) derivatives by extractive alkylation and the organic layer is evaporated prior to headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and GC-EI-MS analysis. Optimal parameters were determined by response surface area modeling. The addition of NaCl solution to the dried SPME vials prior to extraction resulted in up to less than fivefold improvement in detection limits. Using 40 mL wine samples, limits of detection for 4-MMP, 3-MH, and 3-MHA were 0.9 ng/L, 1 ng/L, and 17 ng/L, respectively. Good recovery (90%–109%) and precision (5%–11% RSD) were achieved in wine matrices. The new method was used to survey polyfunctional thiol concentrations in 61 commercial California and New York State wines produced from V. vinifera (Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc and non-varietal rosé wines), V. labruscana (Niagara), and Vitis spp. (Cayuga White). Mean 4-MMP concentrations in New York Niagara (17 ng/L) were not significantly different from concentrations in Sauvignon blanc, but were significantly higher than 4-MMP in other varietal wines.
On the Importance of Training Data Sample Selection in Random Forest Image Classification: A Case Study in Peatland Ecosystem Mapping
Authors: Millard Koreen , Richardson Murray
Published: July 2015

Random Forest (RF) is a widely used algorithm for classification of remotely sensed data. Through a case study in peatland classification using LiDAR derivatives, we present an analysis of the effects of input data characteristics on RF classifications (including RF out-of-bag error, independent classification accuracy and class proportion error). Training data selection and specific input variables (i.e., image channels) have a large impact on the overall accuracy of the image classification. High-dimension datasets should be reduced so that only uncorrelated important variables are used in classifications. Despite the fact that RF is an ensemble approach, independent error assessments should be used to evaluate RF results, and iterative classifications are recommended to assess the stability of predicted classes. Results are also shown to be highly sensitive to the size of the training data set. In addition to being as large as possible, the training data sets used in RF classification should also be (a) randomly distributed or created in a manner that allows for the class proportions of the training data to be representative of actual class proportions in the landscape; and (b) should have minimal spatial autocorrelation to improve classification results and to mitigate inflated estimates of RF out-of-bag classification accuracy.
A Meliorated Multi-Frequency Band Pyroelectric Sensor
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Ching , Liu Sheng-Yi , Siao An-Shen
Published: July 2015

This article proposes a meliorated multi-frequency band pyroelectric sensor for detecting subjects with various velocities, namely extending the sensing frequency under good performance from electrical signals. A tactic, gradually increasing thickness of the ZnO layers, is used for redeeming drawbacks of a thicker pyroelectric layer with a tardy response at a high-frequency band and a thinner pyroelectric layer with low voltage responsivity at a low-frequency band. The proposed sensor is built on a silicon substrate with a thermal isolation layer of a silicon nitride film, consisting of four pyroelectric layers with various thicknesses deposited by a sputtering or aerosol deposition (AD) method and top and bottom electrodes. The thinnest ZnO layer is deposited by sputtering, with a low thermal capacity and a rapid response shoulders a high-frequency sensing task, while the thicker ZnO layers are deposited by AD with a large thermal capacity and a tardy response shoulders a low-frequency sensing task. The fabricated device is effective in the range of 1 KHz~10 KHz with a rapid response and high voltage responsivity, while the ZnO layers with thicknesses of about 0.8 μm, 6 μm, 10 μm and 16 μm are used for fabricating the meliorated multi-frequency band pyroelectric sensor. The proposed sensor is successfully designed, analyzed, and fabricated in the present study, and can indeed extend the sensing range of the multi-frequency band.
Revealing the Function and the Structural Model of Ts4: Insights into the “Non-Toxic” Toxin from Tityus serrulatus Venom
Authors: Pucca Manuela , Cerni Felipe , Peigneur Steve , Bordon Karla , Tytgat Jan , Arantes Eliane
Published: July 2015

The toxin, previously described as a “non-toxic” toxin, was isolated from the scorpion venom of Tityus serrulatus (Ts), responsible for the most severe and the highest number of accidents in Brazil. In this study, the subtype specificity and selectivity of Ts4 was investigated using six mammalian Nav channels (Nav1.2→Nav1.6 and Nav1.8) and two insect Nav channels (DmNav1 and BgNav). The electrophysiological assays showed that Ts4 specifically inhibited the fast inactivation of Nav1.6 channels, the most abundant sodium channel expressed in the adult central nervous system, and can no longer be classified as a “non-toxic peptide”. Based on the results, we could classify the Ts4 as a classical α-toxin. The Ts4 3D-structural model was built based on the solved X-ray Ts1 3D-structure, the major toxin from Ts venom with which it shares high sequence identity (65.57%). The Ts4 model revealed a flattened triangular shape constituted by three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and one α-helix stabilized by four disulfide bonds. The absence of a Lys in the first amino acid residue of the N-terminal of Ts4 is probably the main responsible for its low toxicity. Other key amino acid residues important to the toxicity of α- and β-toxins are discussed here.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Peptide Therapeutic and Peptide Vaccine Antibody Co-targeting HER-1 and HER-2 in Esophageal Cancer (EC) and HER-1 and IGF-1R in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Authors: Overholser Jay , Ambegaokar Kristen , Eze Siobhan , Sanabria-Figueroa Eduardo , Nahta Rita , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Kaumaya Pravin
Published: July 2015

Despite the promise of targeted therapies, there remains an urgent need for effective treatment for esophageal cancer (EC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Current FDA-approved drugs have significant problems of toxicity, safety, selectivity, efficacy and development of resistance. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that rationally designed peptide vaccines/mimics are a viable therapeutic strategy for blocking aberrant molecular signaling pathways with high affinity, specificity, potency and safety. Specifically, we postulate that novel combination treatments targeting members of the EGFR family and IGF-1R will yield significant anti-tumor effects in in vitro models of EC and TNBC possibly overcoming mechanisms of resistance. We show that the combination of HER-1 and HER-2 or HER-1 and IGF-1R peptide mimics/vaccine antibodies exhibited enhanced antitumor properties with significant inhibition of tumorigenesis in OE19 EC and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines. Our work elucidates the mechanisms of HER-1/IGF-1R and HER-1/HER-2 signaling in these cancer cell lines, and the promising results support the rationale for dual targeting with HER-1 and HER-2 or IGF-1R as an improved treatment regimen for advanced therapy tailored to difference types of cancer.
Size‐exclusion chromatography as a stand‐alone methodology identifies novel markers in mass spectrometry analyses of plasma‐derived vesicles from healthy individuals
Authors: de Menezes‐Neto Armando , Sáez María José Fidalgo , Lozano‐Ramos Inés , Segui‐Barber Joan , Martin‐Jaular Lorena , Ullate Josep M. Estanyol , Fernandez‐Becerra Carmen , Borrás Francesc E. , del Portillo Hernando A.
Published: July 2015

Plasma‐derived vesicles hold a promising potential for use in biomedical applications. Two major challenges, however, hinder their implementation into translational tools: (a) the incomplete characterization of the protein composition of plasma‐derived vesicles, in the size range of exosomes, as mass spectrometric analysis of plasma sub‐components is recognizably troublesome and (b) the limited reach of vesicle‐based studies in settings where the infrastructural demand of ultracentrifugation, the most widely used isolation/purification methodology, is not available. In this study, we have addressed both challenges by carrying‐out mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of plasma‐derived vesicles, in the size range of exosomes, from healthy donors obtained by 2 alternative methodologies: size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) on sepharose columns and Exo‐Spin™. No exosome markers, as opposed to the most abundant plasma proteins, were detected by Exo‐Spin™. In contrast, exosomal markers were present in the early fractions of SEC where the most abundant plasma proteins have been largely excluded. Noticeably, after a cross‐comparative analysis of all published studies using MS to characterize plasma‐derived exosomes from healthy individuals, we also observed a paucity of “classical exosome markers.” Independent of the isolation method, however, we consistently identified 2 proteins, CD5 antigen‐like (CD5L) and galectin‐3‐binding protein (LGALS3BP), whose presence was validated by a bead‐exosome FACS assay. Altogether, our results support the use of SEC as a stand‐alone methodology to obtain preparations of extracellular vesicles, in the size range of exosomes, from plasma and suggest the use of CD5L and LGALS3BP as more suitable markers of plasma‐derived vesicles in MS.
Le chevet de Saint-Martin-Des-Champs à Paris incunable de l’architecture gothique et temple de l’oraison clunisienne
Authors: Plagnieux Philippe
Published: July 2015

Mis en chantier un peu avant 1135, le chevet du prieuré clunisien de Saint-Martin-des-Champs, à Paris, est sans conteste l’un des monuments fondateurs du nouvel art de bâtir gothique ; de surcroît, son plan a inspiré l’abbatiale de Suger. Toutefois, la connaissance de l’édifice n’a guère été renouvelée depuis l’étude d’E. Lefèvre-Pontalis, parue en 1886, alors que, depuis une quarantaine d’années, l’approche de la première architecture gothique a été profondément renouvelée. Aussi ignorait-on l’importance et la signification de l’édifice qui constitue pourtant l’une des expériences les plus originales dans l’histoire des chevets à déambulatoire. Avec ses sept chapelles rayonnantes jointives, le parti apparaît, en effet, comme un prototype des grands chevets gothiques bien qu’il soit demeuré sans postérité directe, en raison d’un programme trop spécifiquement plié à la volonté du maître d’ouvrage. Probablement convient-il d’attribuer ce projet au prieur Thibaud II, futur évêque de Paris, mais certainement aussi, comme le montre l’étude, au cardinal et légat pontifical Mathieu d’Albano, le plus proche ami de Pierre le Vénérable et, surtout, le défenseur le plus acharné de la tradition monastique face aux Cisterciens. Aussi, le plan du chevet, à double déambulatoire et sept chapelles rayonnantes tangentes ouvertes les unes sur les autres, fut-il conçu de façon à favoriser les solennités liturgiques telles qu’elles étaient pratiquées par les moines de Cluny. Par ailleurs, la conception de l’édifice privilégie l’immense chapelle d’axe tréflée dédiée à la Vierge, dont le culte revêtait une importance fondamentale chez les clunisiens. Quant au luxuriant décor, notamment les chapiteaux à enroulements de rinceaux inspirés de l’enluminure, il témoigne d’une prise de position esthétique à contre-courant des mouvements réformateurs.
La cuisine de l’abbaye cistercienne de Bonport (Pont-de-l’Arche, Eure)
Authors: Épaud Frédéric , Vincent Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2015

The kitchen of the Cistercian abbey of Bonport (Pont-de-l’Arche, Eure), by Frédéric Épaud, with the collaboration of Jean-Baptiste Vincent

Despite important reworkings in the fifteenth century and in the modern period, the kitchen of the Cistercian abbey of Bonport at Pont-de-l’Arche (Eure) preserves enough original elements to allow for the reconstruction of its elevations. The vaulted ground floor, the hood over the fireplace, the upper storey under an open timber-frame roof, as well as the spaces for distribution and circulation indicate how the kitchen functioned, when compared to thirteenth-century kitchens in other monastic orders and princely dwellings.
Pluralisme et monopole religieux en Russie : le cas de l'Église orthodoxe
Authors: Nivière Antoine
Published: July 2015

In the 90s, the Russian Orthodox Church was confronted with religious pluralism that had appeared as a result of the liberal law of 1990 regarding the freedom of conscience. Schisms have occurred even within the Church. A more stringent policy followed in the wake of the law of 1997 which gave Orthodoxy special status. Even deeper changes followed after Putin's arrival to the presidency. Since 2000, the persons in charge in the Patriarchy of Moscow have been more and more bound to political leaders. The Russian Orthodox Church plays a growing role in all domains of life and is particularly active in the diplomacy and the external relations of the State. Within the Church, everything that deviates from the official line is eliminated. These tendencies are likely to continue under the new Patriarch, who is supported by Medvedev and Putin and who, according to Russian observers, is going to transform the Russian Orthodox Church into a leading political institution.
La petite entreprise face au plan de modernisation de l'économie russe : un oubli regrettable
Authors: Kisline Dimitri
Published: July 2015

Small companies have reappeared in Russia after a law was adopted in 1988, but they have since been forgotten within the various plans of economic modernization : they never did in fact become a priority for the authorities. In the 90s, the Russian State preferred to take charge of macroeconomic problems. Since 2000, it has payed attention almost exclusively to the heavy industry, and it has produced important concentrated conglomerates. Nevertheless, President Medvedev has recently declared that he wants to develop the sector of the small enterprise in Russia. Will these changes take place ?
Boris Tchitchérine dans la Russie contemporaine
Authors: Martin Sylvie
Published: July 2015

The present article deals with the « re-discovery » of Boris Chicherin (1848-1904) by researchers in present-day Russia. This new work by Russian historians on Chicherin exists in a broader context of interest in « liberalism». This essay provides insight into Chicherin's philosophy of State in order to assess the link between Liberty and Liberalism in his political philosophy : reading Boris Chicherin in today's Russia means reconsidering the role of the State and rehabilitating the concept of politics.
L'enseignement supérieur en Russie aujourd'hui
Authors: Groppo Armelle
Published: July 2015

Unlike the Soviet political and economic systems, the country's higher education system survived the fall of Communism, although it went through a very deep crisis, one whose impact is still being felt. This article aims to describe and explain the Russian higher education system's current complexity and to link its evolution with the country's traditional and contemporary political practices.

The survival of the education system is due to multiple factors - among them its resourcefulness and capacity to adapt, the increasing number of services offered by an endlessly rising number of establishments, the development of a private sector both opposed to and within the traditional public one. 2005 saw the publication of a « national plan » for higher education as part of the State revival scheme launched by President Putin. The measures were mainly of a financial nature, reflecting the rules of the new public management whose underlying idea is that as stronger universities emerge, weaker ones would either have to disappear or they would have to provide their own funding. Other measures, of a purely administrative nature, were issued with the same objective.

The main aim of all these measures is the creation of world-class universities. This is a key element in the foreign policy of countries considered to be « Great Powers », an exclusive club which Russia wishes to be allowed to join. Becoming an attractive country for higher education, important as it may be, is a difficult objective to achieve with Russia's own resources. Indeed, Russia has to face various obstacles - a deep-rooted demographic crisis which diminishes its human resources, the global economic crisis (coming at a time when almost 60% of students must pay tuition fees), the need to re-invigorate the teaching profession and recruit new professors in order to modernise teaching and research, and finally, general corruption and increasing and widespread xenophobia. President Medvedev has recently increased considerably the Federal State's contribution to the funding of universities not only with the idea of creating a small number of world-class higher educational institutions but also in the hope of reducing the number of students having to pay tuition fees. This is to be considered as a real turning point in the politics of the Russian State. But supplying funding will hardly overcome the above-mentioned obstacles, more particularly corruption and xenophobia. Indeed, xenophobia is a general problem in Russia, not only an academic one, and corruption is rooted in the understanding of power inherited from ancient Russia and the Soviet era. The problem for the Russian State is therefore not only how profoundly to reform the universities, but also - and primarily - how to depart from ancient traditions effectively to modernise both Russian society and its conception of power.