bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE MODERN GLOBALIZED WORLD
Authors: Hrabar Nataliia , Grybko Olga
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation of information security mechanism in the modern globalized world, because under the conditions of the global information society rapid development, the wide use of information and communication technologies in all spheres of life, this problem acquires special importance. The main results of the research on the formation of the knowledge system to determine the essence and content of the problem of information security in the modern globalized world are presented. Based on the theoretical approaches and practice of legal relations, which are reflected in publications, domestic legislation, as well as a comparison of domestic practice with foreign experience, legal relations in the field of information security are considered within the framework of administrative law. Ways to increase the effectiveness of administrative and legal regulation of information security are analyzed, taking into account the inter-sectoral nature of administrative legal relations in the field of information security in the context of the need to bring Ukrainsan legislation to international standards in accordance with the declared foreign political priorities. The importance of the development of the global information society and the use of new opportunities to solve current problems is substantiated.
FORCED MIGRATION BY INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS UNDER MARTIAL LAW: THE LEGAL ASPECT
Authors: Hren Larysa , Khmyrov Іhоr , Karlyuk Sergei
Published: March 2023

The article is dedicated to revealing the efficiency of legal documents concerning provision of help to internally displaced persons on the example of work carried out by the Department of social protection of the population in Poltava area. The legal framework of Ukraine is viewed in terms of ensuring rights and freedoms of the internally displaced persons; it is accentuated on an internally displaced person’s obligation to fulfill the duties stipulated by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; statistical data are supplied as to the number of internally displaced persons in Poltava area and the number of social protection workers whose work is linked with rendering quality social services to vulnerable categories of citizens including internally displaced persons (19 territorial social protection centers and 36 centers for rendering social services ensure servicing of 4.5 thousand internally displaced persons); it is proved that a characteristic feature of the social protection field in Poltava area is the systematic approach, owing to which the Complex program for social protection of the Poltava area population is implemented successfully. The quality implementation of laws and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as to rendering assistance to internally displaced persons in the work of the Department of social protection of the population in Poltava area is highlighted.
Synthetic control of correlated disorder in UiO-66 frameworks
Authors: Tatay Sergio , Martínez-Giménez Sonia , Rubio-Gaspar Ana , Castells-Gil Javier , Dong Zhuoya , Mayoral Alvaro , Almora-Barrios Neyvis , Padial Natalia M. , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos
Published: March 2023

Changing the perception of defects as irregularities or imperfections in crystalline frameworks into correlated domains amenable to chemical control and targeted design might offer unprecedented opportunities for the design of porous materials with superior performance or distinctive behavior in catalysis, separation, storage, or guest recognition. From a chemical standpoint though, the establishment of synthetic routes adapted to the systematic control of chemical composition for guiding the generation and growth of correlated disorder is arguably crucial to consider defect engineering a practicable route towards adjusting framework function. By using UiO-66 as experimental platform, we integrate systematic experimental design with high-throughput synthetic and characterization routines for efficient exploration of the framework chemical space and analysis of the corresponding defective materials. Periodic disorder arising from controlled generation and growth of missing cluster vacancies can be chemically controlled by the relative concentration of linker and modulator, which has been used to isolate a crystallographically pure “disordered” reo phase for the first time. Cs-corrected Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy with sub-unit-cell resolution is also used to proof the coexistence of correlated domains of missing linker and cluster vacancies, whose relative sizes are fixed by the linker concentration. The impact of this relative distribution of correlated disorder in the porosity and catalytic activity of the material reveals that, contrarily to the common belief of “the more defects the better”, surpassing a certain defectivity threshold can have a detrimental effect often unaccounted for.
ANJ810 is a novel highly selective MCL1 inhibitor with optimized in vivo clearance and robust efficacy in solid and hematological tumor models
Authors: Rauh Ulrike , Wei Guo , Serrano-Wu Michael , Kosmidis Georgios , Kaulfuss Stefan , Siegel Franziska , Thede Kai , McFarland James , Lemke Christopher , Werbeck Nicolas , Nowak-Reppel Katrin , Pilari Sabine , Menz Stephan , Ocker Matthias , Kaushik Virendar , Hubbard Brian , Ziegelbauer Karl , Golub Todd
Published: March 2023

MCL1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that is frequently amplified in cancer and confers resistance to current standard of care. Therefore, MCL1 is an attractive anti-cancer target. Here we describe ANJ810 as a novel, potent, and selective MCL1 inhibitor and its key design principle of a rapid systemic clearance to potentially minimize AUC-driven toxicities associated with MCL1 inhibition. ANJ810 induced rapid cell killing within 4 hours in vitro but in the same 4-hour window had no impact on cell viability or troponin I release in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, even at supra-pharmacologic concentrations. In vivo ANJ810 induced efficacy in xenograft hematological and solid tumor models despite the short residence time of ANJ810 in plasma. In totality our data support the hypothesis that short-term inhibition of MCL1 with ANJ810 can induce cell apoptosis in tumor cells while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. We therefore intend to advance ANJ810 to clinical trials.
A novel temperature-sensitive immune pathway in plants
Authors: Maruta Natsumi , Trusov Yuri , Gao Wei , Long Lu , Song Chun-Peng , Botella Jose
Published: March 2023

The immune system is crucial for plant survival, although its activation diverts resources away from other important processes, such as growth and reproduction. To balance the need for an effective immune response with the need to maintain overall fitness, plants have evolved immune priming. The priming or pre-activation of defence mechanisms allows plant cells to respond faster and more efficiently to an incoming threat without triggering the actual defence response. In this study, we reveal a novel molecular mechanism of temperature dependent immune priming mediated by the Arabidopsis extra-large GTP binding protein 2 (XLG2) contributing to resistance against pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas syringae. We found that XLG2 rapidly accumulates in the nucleus upon temperature elevation and that nuclear localization is essential for XLG2-mediated defence responses. XLG2 directly interacts with several defence-related transcription factors and stabilizes transcription activation complexes, such as nonexpressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (NPR1) and TGACG sequence-specific binding protein (TGA2). Our observations suggest that XLG2 integrates abiotic and biotic stress signals providing an important balance between immunity and fitness and thus enabling plants to adequately respond to a changing environment.
Zika and chikungunya in Brazil, 2015–2021: space-time clusters, co-occurrence, and associated environmental and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Palasio Raquel Gardini Sanches , Bermudi Patricia Marques Moralejo , Macedo Fernando Luiz de Lima , Santana Lidia Maria Reis , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco
Published: March 2023

Chikungunya and Zika have been neglected as emerging diseases. This study aimed to analyze the space-time patterns of their occurrence and co-occurrence and their associated environmental and socioeconomic factors. Univariate (individually) and multivariate (co-occurrence) scans were analyzed for 608,388 and 162,992 cases of chikungunya and Zika, respectively. These occurred more frequently in the summer and autumn. The clusters with the highest risk were initially located in the northeast, dispersed to the center-west and coastal areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (2018–2021), and then increased in the northeast (2019–2021). Chikungunya and Zika demonstrated decreasing trends of 13% and 40%, respectively, whereas clusters showed an increasing trend of 85% and 57%, respectively. Clusters with a high co-occurrence risk have been identified in some regions of Brazil. High temperatures are associated with areas at a greater risk of these diseases. Chikungunya was associated with low precipitation levels, more urbanized environments, and places with greater social inequalities, whereas Zika was associated with high precipitation levels and low sewage network coverage. In conclusion, to optimize the surveillance and control of chikungunya and Zika, this study’s results revealed high-risk areas with increasing trends and priority months and the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors.
Numerical Analysis of Pore-Scale CO2-Oil Displacement in Heterogeneous Porous Media at Near-Miscible Flow Condition
Authors: Behnoud Parisa , Movaghar Mohammad Reza Khorsand , Sabooniha Ehsan
Published: March 2023

Gas flooding through the injection of CO2 is generally performed to achieve optimum oil recovery from underground hydrocarbon reservoirs, and CO2 capturing and storage. In fact, the second purpose is aimed at reducing the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere and achieving NetZero. Due to the laborious operational circumstances governing the gas injection process under miscibility conditions such as pressure maintenance, many reservoirs are situated in near-miscibility gas flooding operations. In this research, the displacement of oil through carbon dioxide injection under near-miscibility conditions is scrutinized exclusively at the pore scale. In this regard, based on the correlations and data available in the literature, first, the criteria of the near miscibility region are specified. Then, two separate numerical approach are implemented to examined the behavior of CO2-oil at lower-pressure limit of specified region. First, Phase-field coupled with Navier-Stokes equation is used to investigate the CO2-oil displacement by capturing the diffusive interface properties and hydrodynamic properties of fluids. Next, the effect of CO2 mass transfer into the oil phase is incorporated by coupling classical Fick’s law to the system of above equations to track the viscosity reduction of oil and the variation of CO2 diffusion coefficient using TDS module respectively. To better recognize the oil recovery mechanism in pore-scale, qualitative analysis indicates that interface is moved into the bypassed oil due to low interfacial tension in the near-miscible region. Moreover, behind the front ahead of the main flow stream, the CO2 phase can significantly displace almost all the bypassed oil in normal pores and effectively decrease the large amounts in small pores. This is because of mass transfer and capillary cross-flow mechanism caused by simultaneous CO2 and oil flow through the diffusive interface between the phases. The quantitative results also confirmed that taking mass transfer into account in pore-scale simulation and strengthening the diffusion term enhanced oil recovery from 92% to over 98%, approaching the output of miscible gas injection. The outcome of this research emphasizes the significance of applying the CO2-EOR process under near-miscible operating conditions.
The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Schoeler Marc , Ellero-Simatos Sandrine , Birkner Till , Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Olsson Lisa , Brolin Harald , Loeber Ulrike , Polizzi Arnaud , Moschetta Antonio , Montagner Alexandra , Gourdy Pierre , Heymes Christophe , Guillou Hervé , Tremaroli Valentina , Fernández-Real José Manuel , Forslund Sofia , Burcelin Remy , Caesar Robert
Published: March 2023

Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigated the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits were dependent on the gut microbiota, as they were transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids were protective against steatosis but had minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.
Rate-dependent fracture behavior of gelatin-based hydrogels
Authors: Chen Si , Ravi-Chandar Krishnaswamy
Published: March 2023

Hydrogels exhibit rate-dependent fracture behavior, due to solvent diffusion, rearrangement of the polymer network, and other mechanisms. To explore rate-dependent fracture behavior, a series of creep fracture experiments were performed on gelatin-based hydrogels under different controlled humidity, and load conditions. The crack tip boundary condition was controlled to non-immersed and fully water saturated conditions. Additionally, full-field measurements of the displacement field were performed with digital image correlation. From these experiments, we show that humidity influences the crack initiation time but not the growing crack speed, and that water on the crack tip will significantly influence the fracture properties of the failure zone. Schapery's viscoelastic J-like integral was adopted for analysis of the experimental measurement to distinguish bulk viscoelastic dissipation from the fracture process zone dissipation. We show that viscoelastic J-like integral is path-independent and can serve as a characterizing parameter for quasistatic crack growth, which provides a way to predict crack growth speed in the simulations.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 · more
Beyond Schwarzschild: New Pulsating Coordinates for Spherically Symmetric Metrics
Authors: Leon E. A. , Nieto J. A. , Sandoval-Rodriguez A. , Martinez-Olivas B.
Published: March 2023

Starting from a general transformation for spherically symmetric metrics where g_11=-1/g_00, we analyze coordinates with the common property of conformal flatness at constant solid angle element. Three general possibilities arise: one where tortoise coordinate appears as the unique solution, other that includes Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates as a very specific case, but that also allows other similar transformations, and finally a new set of coordinates with very different properties than the other two. In particular, this represents any causal patch of the spherically symmetric metrics in a compactified form. We analyze some relations, taking the Schwarzschild case as prototype, but also contrasting the cosmological de-Sitter and Anti-de-Sitter solutions for the new proposed “pulsating coordinates”.
Pacs numbers: 04.20.Cv, 04.20.Jb, 04.70.Bw, 98.80.-k
Quantum Boosting using Domain-Partitioning Hypotheses
Authors: Chatterjee Sagnik , Bhatia Rohan , Chani Parmeet Singh , Bera Debajyoti
Published: March 2023

Boosting is an ensemble learning method that converts a weak learner into a strong learner in the PAC learning framework. The AdaBoost algorithm is a well-known classical boosting algorithm for weak learners with binary hypotheses. Recently, Arunachalam and Maity presented the first quantum boosting algorithm by quantizing AdaBoost. Their algorithm, which we refer to as QAdaBoost hereafter, is a quantum adaptation of AdaBoost and only works for the binary hypothesis case. QAdaBoost is quadratically faster than AdaBoost in terms of the VC dimension of the hypothesis class of the weak learner. However, QAdaBoost is polynomially worse in the bias of the weak learner.
In this work, we address an open question by Izdebski et al. on the existence of boosting algorithms for quantum weak learners with non-binary hypotheses. We answer this question in the affirmative by developing the QRealBoost algorithm motivated by the classical RealBoost algorithm. The main technical challenge was to provide provable guarantees for convergence, generalization bounds, and quantum speedup, given that quantum subroutines are noisy and probabilistic. We prove that QRealBoost retains the quadratic speedup of QAdaBoost over AdaBoost and further achieves a polynomial speedup over QAdaBoost in terms of both the bias of the learner and the time taken by the learner to learn the target concept class.
Finally, we perform empirical evaluations on QRealBoost and report encouraging observations on quantum simulators by benchmarking the convergence performance of QRealBoost against QAdaBoost, AdaBoost, and RealBoost on a subset of the MNIST dataset and Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset.
Exploring the Influencing Factors on Breast Self-Examination among Women in North shewa Oromia, Region 2022: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hussein Dursa , Gashaw Ketema , Geleta Tinsae Abeya , Girma Derara , Geleta Leta Adugna , Oyato Befekadu Tesfaye
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the cheapest methods used for the early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. However, in Ethiopia, most of the breast self-examinationstudies were not conducted among women in the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the North Shewa Zone, Oromia.
Method: A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study design was conducted from May 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 46 women from four selected districts in North Shewa Zone, Oromia. A Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for FGD
Results: Four themes emerged as the results of the in- focus group discussions, namely knowledge of breast cancer, knowledge regarding breast self-examination, Perceived benefits of treatment, barriers to performing regular BSE and enablers of BSE practice.
Conclusion: The study identified and described the factors influencing BSE practice which are inadequate knowledge regarding BSE practice and BC and also, misconceptions of BC and BSE practice. So, BSE shall be encouraged by improving knowledge of BSE practice and perception of BSE practice and BC through providing special health education for women at all levels. To overcome this problem, effort is needed from health system management like, North Shewa zonal Health Office, and the regional health bureau, Health care providers, cancer associations at the regional health bureau.
Fixed-time Tracking Consensus of Lipschitz-Type Multi-Agent System with a Dynamic Leader: A Time Base Generator Approach
Authors: Liu Fengyi , Yang Yongqing , Zhang Lingzhong
Published: March 2023

This study is concerned with the  xed-time consensus problem for feedforward nonlinear multi-agent systems (FNMSs). A novel output feedback control algorithm which is based on time base generator (TBG) is firstly proposed for the fixed-time consensus of FNMSs. The dynamic observers with TBG gains are further designed, using the outputs of its neighboring agents and output information of the leader. By using ingenious state transformation, a distributed output feedback control input with TBG is designed for each follower to achieve the consensus of FNMSs in a fixed time. Compared with the existing fixed-time consensus works, the FNMSs model proposed allows the leader's control input to be designed, the settling time can be specified in advance and independent of the initial state. TBG-based protocol significantly reduces the magnitude of initial control input. The observer does not include symbolic function, which guarantees the performance of the system. Finally, a numerical example shows the validity of the results.
2D Smagorinsky type large eddy models as limits of stochastic PDEs
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Luo Dejun , Luongo Eliseo
Published: March 2023

We prove that a version of Smagorinsky Large Eddy model for a 2D fluid in vorticity form is the scaling limit of suitable stochastic models for large scales, where the influence of small turbulent eddies is modeled by a transport type noise.
MSC (2020): 60H15, 76D05
Key Management Protocol for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks Based on Zero Trust Security and Chaotic Neural Networks
Authors: Li Guogang , Xie Tong , Zou Cheng , Fu Wenlong
Published: March 2023

In view of the node security risks and key management vulnerabilities in heterogeneous sensor networks, a key management protocol for heterogeneous sensor networks based on zero trust security and chaotic neural networks (KMPHSN-ZTSCNN) was proposed. Taking advantages of the decomposition difficulty of singular matrix and chaotic classification characteristics of Hopfield overload chaotic neural network, the node registration and authentication of sensor network were achieved by blockchain and zero-knowledge proof. The channel state information (CSI) and the adjustable mathematical function were relied on to generate a dynamically changing key to complete continuous verification and achieve zero trust security authentications, thus ensuring data security. The protocol can dynamically allocate different keyspace sizes according to the security level of the group, the storage capacity if the nodeand computing capacity and can adapt to the asymmetric structure of heterogeneous sensor networks. Theoretical proof and experimental performance analysis results show that the protocol is feasible and can meet the security requirements of heterogeneous sensor networks.
Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Nanocomposites from Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Characterization as an Adsorbent to Remove Lead in the Water
Authors: Pham Tran Bao Ngoc , Ngoc Han Tran Thi , Dinh Son Thanh , Tan Nhan Tu Le , Phuc Thien Le Nguyen , Mai Thanh Phong , Nguyen Dinh Quan
Published: March 2023

This research presented a method to synthesize magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose-based nanocomposites using in-situ co-precipitation technique to produce ferromagnetic oxide particles (Fe3O4) that were grafted on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The synthesized material was used to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. Different physicochemical analyst techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the structure of the material upon the different ratios of cellulose nanocrystals/ Fe3O4. The XRD analysis showed that CNC/Fe3O4 nanocomposite has characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to Fe3O4 and cellulose nanocrystals. The FTIR spectrum indicated the specific functional groups of Fe3O4 and CNC in the nanocomposite materials. The size of nanoparticles produced in this work were less than 15 nm with Fe3O4 and roughly 25 nm with CNC via image SEM and TEM. According to these studies, with the same Pb2+ concentration in water of 200 ppm, the best condition for homogenous materials was the 1:1 ratio (cellulose nanocrystals: Fe3O4) and the adsorption capacity at time balance (qe) was 113.2 mg/g. The lead adsorption of material was evaluated by the ICP-OES fitted the Freundlich isotherm model better than the Langmuir isotherm model. The new adsorbent can help removing 60 % of Pb2+ from the solution, and can be magnetically separated from the continuous phase.
Association between physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and self-reported health: population-based cross-sectional analysis of individuals with diabetes and the general population
Authors: Stockhammer Eran , Kosinski Christophe , Zuercher Emilie , Amiguet Michael , Bize Raphaël , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle
Published: March 2023

Background
Diabetes represents a major health burden both at the individual and societal levels. Physical activity is always recommended to reduce the incidence of diabetes and its complications, but its effects on self-reported health are lacking. This study aimed to explore how physical activity and sedentary behaviors were associated with self-reported health in individuals with diabetes and to compare them to individuals from the general population.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2019 follow-up survey of a Swiss cohort of individuals with diabetes (CoDiab-VD; n=649) and the 2017 Swiss Health Survey (SHS; n=21’430). We assessed the association between self-reported health and three exposure variables (physical activity and sedentary behaviors operationalized as sitting time and sitting interruption) with three crude and three adjusted ordinal logistic regression models for two groups of individuals with diabetes (CoDiab-VD,SHS) and the general population (SHS).
Results
Individuals with diabetes were less active and more sedentary than those of the general population. A significant association between higher physical activity levels and better self-reported health was observed, for both individuals with diabetes and the general population. A more sedentary behavior, defined by a longer sitting time, seemed to be associated, with poorer self-reported health only in CoDiab-VD population.
Conclusions
Physical activity is strongly associated with better self-reported health, and sedentary behaviors tend to have a negative association. Sedentary behaviors should be considered when planning lifestyle interventions due to their effect on self-reported health.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01902043
Foliar application of pyroligneous acid acts synergistically with fertilizer to improve the productivity and phytochemical properties of greenhouse-grown tomato
Authors: Ofoe Raphael , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Nasir , Thomas Raymond H. , Abbey Lord
Published: March 2023

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is rich in bioactive compounds and known to have the potential to improve crop productivity and phytochemical content. However, the synergistic effect of PA and fertilizer has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we assessed the biostimulatory effect of different rates of foliar PA application (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% PA/ddH2O (v/v)) combined with full rate (i.e., 0.63, 0.28, 1.03 g) and half rate of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer on the yield and nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Scotia’). Plants treated with 0.25% and 0.5% PA showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and increased potential photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fo), especially when combined with the full NPK rate. Leaf chlorophyll was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by ca. 0.60 and 0.49 folds in plants treated with 2% PA and full NPK rate compared to no spray and water, respectively. Total number of fruits was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by ca. 0.56 folds with the 2% PA irrespective of the NPK rate. The combined 2% PA and full NPK rate enhanced total fruit weight and the number of marketable fruits. Similarly, fruit protein, sugar and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity were significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced by the combined 2% PA and full NPK rate. In contrast, the 0.5% PA combined with half NPK rate increased fruit carotenoid and phenolic contents while the 2% PA plus half NPK rate enhanced fruit flavonoid content. Generally, the synergistic effect of PA and NPK fertilizer increased fruit elemental composition. These showed that foliar application of PA can be a novel and environmentally friendly strategy to increase the productivity and quality of tomato fruits.
The end of post-enlargement migration from Poland?
Authors: Grabowska Izabela , Czeranowska Olga , Wermińska-Wiśnicka Iga
Published: March 2023

Intro: The main aim of this article is to discuss a change in a post-enlargement migration picture of the European Union (EU) through analysing migrant selectivity from households remaining in an origin of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), in Poland. We link the properties of selectivity to various socio-demographic and economic characteristics, which helps us sub-stratify the population of migrants with special focus on young adult migrants who dominated in the phenomenal post-accession migration flows from CEE for many years after the EU enlargement in May 2004, especially to the UK which was the key destination.
Method: Applying the concept of migrant selectivity requires datasets for general populations, such as the Labour Force Survey, in which both migrants and non-migrants can be identified.
Results: We established, contrary to our initial hypothesis about sustaining a positive post-enlargement selectivity of highly educated young adult migrants from Poland, that in a post-Brexit EU, men with intermediate education from rural areas select positively for going to work abroad, predominately to Germany, as it used to be in the pre-EU enlargement period of 2004.
Conclusion: With the help of the concept of migrant selectivity and with the data of Labour Force Survey which covers both migrant and non-migrant population, we were able to explain the phasing out of the social phenomenon of ‘post-enlargement migration’ as young adults with tertiary education are no more overrepresented in migration flows. It means that EU East-West migration normalises.
Forecasting seed production in perennial plants: identifying challenges and charting a path forward
Authors: Journé Valentin , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Oberklammer Iris , Pesendorfer Mario , Bogdziewicz Michał
Published: March 2023

Interannual variability and spatial synchrony of seed production, known as masting, have far-reaching ecological impacts including effects on forest regeneration and the population dynamics of seed consumers, predators, parasites, and diseases. Because the relative timing of management and conservation efforts in ecosystems dominated by masting species often determines their success, there is an urgent need to study masting mechanisms and develop anticipatory forecasting tools for seed production. In this study, we aim to establish seed production forecasting ("mast casts") as a new branch of the discipline. To assess the current state of the ability to model intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of masting, we evaluate the predictive capabilities of three models -foreMast, ΔT, and a sequential model based on the developmental steps of seed production - designed to predict seed production in trees using a pan-European dataset of Fagus sylvatica seed production as a case study. Our hindcasting analysis indicates that the models are moderately successful in recreating seed production dynamics, with the best-performing model achieving R2 = 0.66. The availability of high-quality data on prior seed production significantly improved the model's predictive power, with R2 = 0.78 in the sequential model, suggesting that effective seed production monitoring methods are crucial for creating reliable forecasting tools. In terms of extreme events, the models were better at predicting crop failures than bumper crops, likely because the factors preventing seed production are better understood than the processes leading to large reproductive events. To create widely applicable tools, we need models that can make forecasts over large areas with readily available data. We summarize the current challenges and provide a roadmap to help advance the discipline and encourage the further development of mast forecasting.
The CpG-dependent plant immune response to self-DNA triggers defence hormone signalling and improves fitness
Authors: Durán-Flores Dalia , Heil Martin
Published: March 2023

The accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm or extracellular space is a signal of danger. Plants respond to this signal with a self/non-self-specific activation of early immune signalling events. Here, we asked whether this specificity translates to fitness-relevant resistance to natural enemies. We treated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants with self-DNA and with non-self-DNA from other plant species. Self-DNA treatment induced jasmonic acid and decreased feeding by a chewing herbivore (Spodoptera frugiperda), while self- and non-self-DNA induced salicylic acid and reduced the population densities of two fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and of four bacterial pathogens (Enterobacter sp. strain FCB1, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseoli and pv. syringae, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli). Strikingly, a single self-DNA-treatment increased seed production under field conditions in two seasons ca. 1.5-fold and 3.2-fold, while non-self-DNA had lower or no detectable effects. Stronger responses to self- than non-self-DNA seemingly contradict immunological theory. In mammalian immune cells, toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by microbial DNA but also by mitochondrial (mt)DNA that is rich in unmethylated CpG motifs. Using bean suspension cells, we observed stronger immunogenic effects of genomic DNA than chloroplast DNA or mtDNA. Moreover, in vitro methylation or cleavage of CpG motifs reduced – without eliminating – the H2O2-inducing properties of DNA. We conclude that the plant immune response to DNA comprises a self/non-self-specific induction of major defence hormones that can be adaptive under natural enemy pressure and that unmethylated CpG motifs contribute to the immunogenic effects of DNA in plants.
MISSION AND VISION IN THE LANGUAGE OF SUSTAINABLE BRANDS: SOCIOLINGUISTIC ISSUES
Authors: Ushchapovska Iryna , Vorfolomeiev Mykhailo
Published: March 2023

The article presents the result of the linguistic analyses of sustainable brands’ mission and vision. The mission must be emotional to create a sense of faith in the brand in the target audience and encourage it to decision-making. It is important to correctly use linguistic tools to create certain emotions and reflect sustainable brands’ values. Sustainable development according to the United Nations is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time, sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. There are three dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental, recognizing that these dimensions are interrelated and interdependent. The Sustainable developmental goals (SDGs) consist of seventeen universal transformative goals. In the execution of the SDGs, the role of language is also eminent. The brand is a participant in the communicative process being a sender that transmits the information to a recipient (consumer). The way a brand communicates with its audience is the brand language – a set of verbal and non-verbal tools. The mission statement, being a brand language element, is a clear, concise, and sustainable statement about the reasons for the existence of the brand today. Sustainable brands are brands that undertake sustainable practices in the workings of their business and champion them. They then use brand communication tools to convey these benefits to their end consumer hence enabling them to make conscious decisions while being associated with or buying from that brand. Sustainable brands may use a mission statement to communicate their sustainability approaches. Thus, a mission statement being an emotionally influential communication tool is powerful in achieving sustainable development goals.
LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS OF “ENEIDA” BY IVAN KOTLIAREVSKII IN THE 1798th AND 1980th EDITIONS
Authors: Marchenko Tetiana
Published: March 2023

The issue of restoring the authenticity of the Ukrainian language is timely even during the war in Ukraine, because, as it turned out, language itself is a powerful identifier of national belonging. The first significant step towards was the project of the new Ukrainian spelling (orthography) of 2019, which launched the process of reviving Ukrainian language norms at the phonetic, lexical, and grammatical levels. In this context, the analysis of ancient works written by Ukrainian authors before the Ukrainophobic decrees aims to restore the lost, to determine the ways of returning the long-forgotten, the expediency of using it in the modern language, which is extremely relevant today. Unfortunately, for many decades, the spelling norms of the Ukrainian language were adapted to the language of the state, which established not linguistic, but political rules. That is why even the existing spellings of the Ukrainian language of the 20th century cannot be recognized as proper Ukrainian. Therefore, the linguistic analysis of authentic texts in the Ukrainian language, those publications that were not "censored" by the state machine and contained a living language inherent to its speakers, is gaining great importance. The burlesque-travesty poem “Eneida” by Ivan Kotliarevskii, written at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, is an example of the use of the colloquial Ukrainian language of that time, which is fully presented in the work. Of course, the development of a language at any stage has its own characteristics, so one cannot easily and thoughtlessly copy today what was inherent in the language in the XVIII-XIX centuries; it is important to find the authenticity of the language (at its various levels), which will be logically and correctly recorded in modern standards.
SOURCES OF OUR HEROISM (spiritual and military resilience in Ukrainian folk dumas and modernity)
Authors: Nabok Maryna
Published: March 2023

The source of heroism of the Ukrainian people is considered in the article based on the material of the Ukrainian folk’s dumas. Attention is focused on the spiritual and military stability of the epic heroes of dumas, which are expressions of the national worldview, based on the perception of the land as sacred, which was handed down by ancestors and bequeathed to descendants to preserve it, on loyalty to Ukraine, the Cossack noble society, as an archetypal collective Great Family, on the desire of the military stratum for freedom and the habitual rejection of any violence and superiority over oneself. It is emphasized that this is what explains the exceptional attention and respect of the human personality and patriotism among Ukrainians, the need to preserve repeated established positive cycles of the Ukrainian’s spiritual and everyday life in order to ensure the durability, continuity and continuity of the nation’s ethnic consciousness. Therefore, the heroes of dumas are models of spiritual and military stability, who brought up and passed on the idea of resistance and struggle, hardened the national spirit of millions of Ukrainians, including the warriors-knights in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022. On this basis, we will reveal the meaning of the idea of the Family (Reed), which was transformed in the Ukrainian duma the concepts of «nation», «state». Therefore, the warrior (сossack, knight) in the duma epic is not only the one who defends his native land from the conquering enemy in battle with a saber or a pistol. A warrior is one who opposes any untruth, evil, violence, which is perpetrated by his nation, destroys it as a Great Spiritual and Ideological Race. Inheritance from ancestors, which was formed into a perfect national character, determined that supporting cosmological spiritual heart, which is embedded in Ukrainian knights to this day.
Production and Metabolic Response to the Addition of Live Yeast or Yeast Culture or No Yeast to Lactating Cows
Authors: Britt J. , Gray E.
Published: March 2023

Yeast feeding may be a factor in rumen and abomasal health in the early lactating cow.
Relationship of Body Condition Score and Oxidant Stress on Tumor Necrosis Factor Expression in Dairy Cattle
Authors: O'Boyle N. J. , Corl C. , Gandy J. , Sordillo L. M.
Published: March 2023

Excessive mobilization of body fat in the dairy cow is a well-known risk factor for poor fertility, metabolic problems and increased susceptibility to a variety of infectious diseases. In humans, obese patients have an enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin- 6), which has been recognized to induce a pro-inflammatory environment and facilitate oxidative damage, leading to the initiation and progression of an array of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a similar relationship exists in the dairy cow between obesity, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and susceptibility to disease.
Effect of Johne's Disease Vaccination on Reducing Contamination of the Dairy Farm Environment
Authors: Cumpton A. E. , Wells S. J. , Patton E. A.
Published: March 2023

The results in this study can assist veterinarians and herd owners in decision-making regarding use of JD vaccine as an addition to other management practices to reduce transmission and improve control of JD.
Trichomoniasis in Beef Herds
Authors: Rodning Soren P.
Published: March 2023

Reproductive efficiency is one of the most important factors influencing the economic success of a cow-calf operation. Bovine trichomoniasis, also known as trichomonosis, is a venereal disease caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus that negatively impacts a herd's reproductive efficiency, thereby having a substantial economic impact on a cattle operation. This paper outlines the pathogenesis, prevalence, economic impact and diagnosis of trichomoniasis in cattle, as well as reviewing common guidelines for the prevention and control of trichomoniasis.
Investigation of Accidental Lead Exposure in Feeder Cattle
Authors: Jones C. W. , Checkley S. L. , Booker C. W. , Kendall J. D. , Jim G. K. , Best N.
Published: March 2023

A commercial backgrounding feedlot unknowingly fed lead-contaminated feed as evidenced by finding battery casing fragments and particles of lead plating in the feed bunk of a pen of animals with nervous disease. Investigation into the source of the contamination revealed that a large implement battery had been ground through the feed mixer. Over the next week, more than half of the animals within the pen where the exposure was centered showed evidence of nervous disease progressing to death or were humanely euthanized based on animal welfare considerations. The remainder of the pen showed little or no clinical evidence of exposure. Despite documentation that animals exhibiting no clinical evidence of lead toxicity may still have elevated blood and tissue lead levels, there are insufficient guidelines for ensuring that animals with potential lead exposure will be safe for human consumption. No specific regulations exist regarding the amount of lead permissible in Canadian beef. A disease investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of lead exposure in the feedlot and to formulate a plan for the disposition of exposed and unexposed animals.
Economics of Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Larson Robert L.
Published: March 2023

Biosecurity is the attempt to keep infectious agents away from a herd or feedlot. Diagnostic screening tests of all incoming (apparently healthy) cattle can be used to identify and remove animals that carry contagious pathogens, with the desired result of reducing disease risk. To determine if such a biosecurity strategy is economically rewarding, veterinarians must know the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test, prevalence of carrier animals, cost of testing and cost of the disease should it enter the population. In some situations additional tests, either in series or in parallel, may increase the economic return for a testing strategy. In other situations, cost of screening for biosecurity purposes may be greater than the cost of a rare disease, but the potential disruption in cash flow from that rare occurrence may cause some producers to institute testing to avoid that rare possibility.
Putting it All Together
Authors: Moslock-Carter Brenda
Published: March 2023

Veterinary technicians (LVTs) can play a large role in the implementation of successful udder health programs in private practice. In addition to performing microbiological testing, LVTs can gather on-farm data necessary to evaluate and/or monitor key factors that influence udder health, such as teat-end scoring, hygiene scoring, and parlor performance (i.e. prep routine, timing, and equipment function). Recent software developments have made it possible to seamlessly export culture results directly into DairyComp305®, enhancing the ability to monitor pathogens at both the individual cow and herd levels.
Effects of Delayed Implanting on Feeder Cattle Health, Performance, and Carcass Quality
Authors: Munson R. D. , Thomson D. U. , Rezac D. J. , Reinhardt C. D.
Published: March 2023

The time period in which cattle are initially received into a feeding facility can be a period of intense physiological stress that renders the animal vulnerable to infection by pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Delaying the time at which cattle are given the initial implant may be a way to decrease arrival stress and therefore positively affect health status and performance.
relationship between subclinical hypocalcemia and negative energy balance on the return of ovarian function during the voluntary waiting period of dairy cows
Authors: Caixeta L. S. , Ospina P. A. , Capel M. B. , Nydam D. V.
Published: March 2023

Early resumption of ovarian activity has been reported to be an important factor for the reproductive success of dairy cows because of improved uterine health and fertility. However, early lactation is characterized by a period of negative energy balance (NEB) and mobilization of fat reserves, which is highly associated with a longer postpartum anovulatory period. Moreover, the initiation of milk production and excessive utilization of calcium may lead to a subclinical hypocalcemic status that has been linked to deficient fatty acid metabolism in early lactation. Additionally, subclinical hypocalcemia (SCHP) can result in decreased progesterone (P4) and corpus luteum (CL) functionality, which further decreases reproductive performance in high-producing dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of SCHP and NEB during the first 2 weeks in milk on the ovarian activity during the voluntary waiting period of dairy cows in herds with automatic milking systems (AMS).
Validation of a penetrating captive bolt device with air-channel pithing as a single-step method for euthanasia of cattle in mass depopulation situations
Authors: Shearer J. , Dewell G. , Dewell R. , Derscheid R. , Kleinhenz K. , Shearer L.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a penetrating captive bolt device with a built-in low pressure air-channel pithing as a single-step method for humane euthanasia of cattle in a mass depopulation scenario. Currently, the only single step methods of euthanasia approved for use in cattle are gunshot or barbiturate overdose both of which are impractical for mass depopulation situations.
effect of prepartum housing on metabolic and reproductive health in dairy cows
Authors: Miltenburg C. L. , Bienzle D. , Scholtz E. , Duffield T. F. , LeBlanc S. J.
Published: March 2023

The determinants of metabolic and reproductive health disorders and the degree to which housing and management can influence health are only partially understood. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to determine if a prepartum housing strategy of providing non-competitive feeding and lying access improves metabolic health and immune function and reduces reproductive disease.