bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeled Impacts of Sea Ice Exchange Processes on Arctic Ocean Carbon Uptake and Acidification (1980–2015)
Authors: Mortenson Eric , Steiner Nadja , Monahan Adam H. , Hayashida Hakase , Sou Tessa , Shao Andrew
Published: May 2020

A regional Arctic ice ocean model incorporating biogeochemical processes occurring inside the sea ice and water column is used to assess changes to the Arctic Ocean's carbon system, including oceanic carbon uptake and ocean acidification, over the recent period of Arctic sea ice decline (1980–2015). Two novel modifications are the following: (1) incorporation of carbon uptake by sea ice algae and (2) modification of the sea ice carbon pump to allow for vertical transport by brine plumes with high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) to the bottom of the mixed layer. The simulated carbon uptake north of 66.5°N increases by 20%, from 110 to 135 Tg C yr−1 from 1980–2015, and the mean pan‐Arctic sea surface pH decreases from 8.1 to 8.0. There is substantial regional and seasonal variability, highlighting potential problems with interpolating sparse measurements. Two sensitivity studies assess the effects of modifications to the near‐surface carbonate system. First, excluding the sea ice carbon pump results in a marked decrease in seasonal variability of pan‐Arctic‐mean sea surface DIC (∼25% less than the standard run) and TA (∼10% less), suggesting that neglecting the ice carbon pump results in models overestimating the saturation state in summer. Second, neglecting the sea ice algae results in an underestimation of the Arctic Ocean's annual carbon uptake (∼3% per year), indicating that the accumulating year‐on‐year underestimation of annual carbon uptake, as a result of neglecting sea ice algae, would lead to increasing error over multidecadal runs of polar ocean models.
On the Generation and Salinity Impacts of Intraseasonal Westward Jets in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Nyadjro Ebenezer S. , Rydbeck Adam V. , Jensen Tommy G. , Richman James G. , Shriver Jay F.
Published: May 2020

While westerly winds dominate the equatorial Indian Ocean and generate the well‐known eastward flowing Wyrtki Jets during boreal spring and fall, there is evidence of a strong westward surface jet during winter that is swifter than eastward currents during that season. A weaker westward jet is found in summer. In this study, we report the occurrence, characteristics, and intraseasonal variability of this westward jet and its impact on mixed layer salinity in the equatorial Indian Ocean using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis with the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA). The westward jet typically occurs in the upper 50 m, above an eastward flowing equatorial undercurrent, with peak westward volume transport of approximately −8 Sv. The westward jet builds up gradually, decays rapidly, and is primarily forced by local intraseasonal wind stress anomalies generated by atmospheric intraseasonal convection. Westward acceleration of the jet occurs when the dominant intraseasonal westward wind anomaly is not balanced by the zonal pressure gradient (ZPG) force. The intraseasonal westward jet generates strong horizontal advection and is the leading cause of mixed layer freshening in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. Without it, a saltier mixed layer would persist and weaken any barrier layers. Existing barrier layers are strengthened following the passage of freshwater‐laden westward jets. Deceleration of the westward jet occurs when the eastward ZPG becomes increasingly important and the westward intraseasonal wind anomalies weaken. A rapid reversal of atmospheric intraseasonal convection‐driven surface winds eventually terminates the westward jet.
Immune checkpoint pathways in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mei Zi , Huang Junwen , Qiao Bin , Lam Alfred King-yin
Published: May 2020

With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy, there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Activation of T cells and immune checkpoint molecules is important for the immune response to cancers. Immune checkpoint molecules include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (TIGIT), glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA). Many clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors, as both monotherapies and combination therapies, have been initiated targeting these immune checkpoint molecules. This review summarizes the functional mechanism and use of various immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC, including monotherapies and combination therapies, and provides better treatment options for patients with HNSCC.
Options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a systematic review and economic model
Authors: Constanti Margaret , Boffa Rebecca , Floyd Christopher N. , Wierzbicki Anthony S. , McManus Richard J. , Glover Mark
Published: May 2020

The 2011 NICE hypertension guideline (CG127) undertook a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of different blood pressure (BP) assessment methods to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. The guideline also undertook a cost–utility analysis exploring the cost-effectiveness of the monitoring methods. A new systematic review was undertaken as part of the 2019 NICE hypertension guideline update (NG136). BP monitoring methods compared included Ambulatory BP, Clinic BP and Home BP. Ambulatory BP was the reference standard. The economic model from the 2011 guideline was updated with this new accuracy data. Home BP was more sensitive and specific than Clinic BP. Specificity improved more than sensitivity since the 2011 review. A higher specificity translates into fewer people requiring unnecessary treatment. A key interest was to compare Home BP and Ambulatory BP, and whether any improvement in Home BP accuracy would change the model results. Ambulatory BP remained the most cost-effective option in all age and sex subgroups. In all subgroups, Ambulatory BP was associated with lower costs than Clinic BP and Home BP. In all except one subgroup (females aged 40), Ambulatory BP was dominant. However, Ambulatory BP remained the most cost-effective option in 40-year-old females as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for Home BP versus Ambulatory BP was above the NICE £20,000 threshold. The new systematic review showed that the accuracy of both Clinic BP and Home BP has increased. However, Ambulatory BP remains the most cost-effective option to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension in all subgroups evaluated.
Brain structural abnormalities in obesity: relation to age, genetic risk, and common psychiatric disorders
Authors: Opel Nils , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Milaneschi Yuri , Grotegerd Dominik , Flint Claas , Leenings Ramona , Goltermann Janik , Richter Maike , Hahn Tim , Woditsch Georg , Berger Klaus , Hermesdorf Marco , McIntosh Andrew , Whalley Heather C. , Harris Mathew A. , MacMaster Frank P. , Walter Henrik , Veer Ilya M. , Frodl Thomas , Carballedo Angela , Krug Axel , Nenadic Igor , Kircher Tilo , Aleman Andre , Groenewold Nynke A. , Stein Dan J. , Soares Jair C. , Zunta-Soares Giovana B. , Mwangi Benson , Wu Mon-Ju , Walter Martin , Li Meng , Harrison Ben J. , Davey Christopher G. , Cullen Kathryn R. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie , Mueller Bryon A. , Sämann Philipp G. , Penninx Brenda , Nawijn Laura , Veltman Dick J. , Aftanas Lyubomir , Brak Ivan V. , Filimonova Elena A. , Osipov Evgeniy A. , Reneman Liesbeth , Schrantee Anouk , Grabe Hans J. , Van der Auwera Sandra , Wittfeld Katharina , Hosten Norbert , Völzke Henry , Sim Kang , Gotlib Ian H. , Sacchet Matthew D. , Lagopoulos Jim , Hatton Sean N. , Hickie Ian , Pozzi Elena , Thompson Paul M. , Jahanshad Neda , Schmaal Lianne , Baune Bernhard T. , Dannlowski Udo
Published: May 2020

Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels. Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI (n = 6420) and genetic data (n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis. The most pronounced effects were found for associations between obesity and lower temporo-frontal cortical thickness (maximum Cohen´sd(left fusiform gyrus) = −0.33). The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
Estimating nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in streams and rivers, within a machine learning framework
Authors: Shen Longzhu Q. , Amatulli Giuseppe , Sethi Tushar , Raymond Peter , Domisch Sami
Published: May 2020

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are essential nutritional elements for life processes in water bodies. However, in excessive quantities, they may represent a significant source of aquatic pollution. Eutrophication has become a widespread issue rising from a chemical nutrient imbalance and is largely attributed to anthropogenic activities. In view of this phenomenon, we present a new geo-dataset to estimate and map the concentrations of N and P in their various chemical forms at a spatial resolution of 30 arc-second (∼1 km) for the conterminous US. The models were built using Random Forest (RF), a machine learning algorithm that regressed the seasonally measured N and P concentrations collected at 62,495 stations across the US streams for the period of 1994–2018 onto a set of 47 in-house built environmental variables that are available at a near-global extent. The seasonal models were validated through internal and external validation procedures and the predictive powers measured by Pearson Coefficients reached approximately 0.66 on average.
Unveiling the reaction mechanism of novel copperN-alkylated tetra-azacyclophanes with outstanding superoxide dismutase activity
Authors: Martínez-Camarena Álvaro , Sánchez-Murcia Pedro A. , Blasco Salvador , González Leticia , García-España Enrique
Published: May 2020

One of the first theoretical studies of the reaction mechanism of a small superoxide dismutase mimetic reveals the key role played by the metal bound water molecule and the molecular organisation.
A high-performance bimetallic cobalt iron oxide catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Guo Donggang , Kang Hongzhi , Wei Pengkun , Yang Yang , Hao Zewei , Zhang Quanxi , Liu Lu
Published: May 2020

Herein, a facile solvothermal approach was designed to produce the CoFe2O4nanospheres with unique porous structure. As an efficient electrocatalyst for OER, the CoFe2O4nanospheres performed high performance.
Morphological evolution of atomically thin MoS2 flakes synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition strategy
Authors: Chen Fei , Su Weitao , Zhao Shichao , Lv Yanfei , Ding Su , Fu Li
Published: May 2020

The evolution of 2D MoS2 flakes from dendritic shape to hexagonal can be realized by the reaction of S and MoO3 powders at different growth temperatures via the chemical vapor deposition method.
Engineering liposomal nanoparticles of cholesterol-tethered amphiphilic Pt(iv) prodrugs with prolonged circulation time in blood
Authors: Datta Payel , Bang Scott , Yue Zhizhou , Beach Travis , Stilgenbauer Morgan , Wang Han , Bowers David J. , Kurokawa Manabu , Xiao Haihua , Zheng Yao-Rong
Published: May 2020

This work demonstrates the development of liposomal nanoparticles of the cholesterol-tethered Pt(iv) prodrug toward reducing premature reduction and extending the circulation time in vivo.
Biogenic synthesis of a silver nanoparticle–SnZrMoP nanocomposite and its application for the disinfection and detoxification of water
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Kaushal Sandeep , Singh Prit Pal
Published: May 2020

A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synthesized by a superficial and green synthetic approach using mulberry leaf extract, with the plant extract playing the role of a reducing agent as well as a capping agent.
Scalable solid-state synthesis of MoS2–NiS2/graphene nanohybrids as bifunctional electrocatalysts for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Lonkar Sunil P. , Pillai Vishnu V. , Alhassan Saeed M.
Published: May 2020

Facile and scalable preparation of nanostructured MoS2–NiS2/graphene nanohybrids as bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting was demonstrated.
Monomolecular covalent honeycomb nanosheets produced by surface-mediated polycondensation between 1,3,5-triamino benzene and benzene-1,3,5-tricarbox aldehyde on Au(111)
Authors: Kunitake Masashi , Tanoue Ryota , Higuchi Rintaro , Yoshimoto Soichiro , Haraguchi Ryusei , Uemura Shinobu , Kimizuka Nobuo , Stieg Adam Z. , Gimzewski James K.
Published: May 2020

A large defect-free and homogeneous honeycomb π-conjugated nanosheet consisted of small aromatic building blocks at the solution/solid interface.
Aerobic C(sp3)–H oxidation and oxygenation of quaternarized quinolines and pyridines by visible-light-induced photocatalysis
Authors: Han Tonghao , Jiang Yunqi , Ji Xiaochen , Deng Guo-Jun , Huang Huawen
Published: May 2020

One stone two birds: two kinds of oxygenation products (>60 new products) including carboxylate inner salts and alcohols have been accessed under mild aerobic photocatalysis.
Regio- and stereoselective halothiolation of alkynes using lithium halides and N-thiosuccinimides
Authors: Liu Shiwen , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo
Published: May 2020

Catalyst-free halothiolation of alkynes by using sulfenylhalide generated in situ by readily available lithium halides and N-thiosuccinimides.
Unjamming of active rotators
Authors: Ravazzano Linda , Bonfanti Silvia , Lionetti Maria Chiara , Fumagalli Maria Rita , Guerra Roberto , Chepizhko Oleksandr , La Porta Caterina A. M. , Zapperi Stefano
Published: May 2020

Active particle assemblies can exhibit a wide range of interesting dynamical phases depending on internal parameters such as density, adhesion strength or self-propulsion.
Discovering the Unmet Needs of People With Difficulties Understanding Speech in Noise and a Normal or Near-Normal Audiogram
Authors: Mealings Kiri , Yeend Ingrid , Valderrama Joaquin T. , Gilliver Megan , Pang Jermy , Heeris Jason , Jackson Pamela
Published: May 2020

Purpose

A proportion of people with a normal audiogram or mild hearing loss (NA-MHL) experience greater-than-expected difficulty hearing speech in noise. This preliminary exploratory study employed a design thinking approach to better understand the clinical pathway and treatment options experienced by this population.

Method

Exploratory survey data were analyzed from 233 people with NA-MHL who had consulted a clinician and 47 clinicians. Qualitative analysis was performed on interview data from 21 people with NA-MHL and seven clinicians.

Results

Results revealed that noisy environments, such as restaurants, were where many people experienced listening difficulties. Most people with NA-MHL were not offered a treatment option at their audiology appointment, and their satisfaction with the appointment was diverse. Many clients reported frustration at being told that their hearing was “normal.” Data from clinicians showed that there is no standard test protocol for this population, and most felt that they did not have adequate training or resources to help NA-MHL clients.

Conclusion

This study discusses the research needs regarding the experience of those with NA-MHL, their help-seeking behaviors, and treatment options. Understanding these needs is the first step to designing projects to improve the quality of life of this population.
Content Words in Child-Directed Speech of Mothers Toward Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tubul-Lavy Gila , Jokel Ariela , Leon-Attia Odelia , Gabis Lidia V.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Our study aimed to analyze the characteristics of content word usage in mother's child-directed speech (
CDS) toward children with autism spectrum disorder compared to mother's CDS toward typically developing children.

Method

We analyzed the lexical characteristics of CDS of mothers of children with autism (16 dyads) and compared them from a language developmental perspective to mothers of 20 typical children at the same level of expressive language development.

Results

Results suggest that mothers of children with autism use equal amounts of content words at the same language level, but the content consists of significantly more concrete nouns and active verbs and rarely the use of abstract nouns, stative verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Conclusion

This study suggests that professionals and parents of children with autism should be aware of the importance of varying their language use of content words.
Design of Monopile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Raktate Tushar , choudhary Rohan
Published: May 2020

Offshore wind turbines are currently considered as a reliable source of renewable energy. Pre-feasibility study includs calculation of preliminary dimensions of the offshore wind turbine structure used to be perform for preliminary costing to achieve at the commercial capacity of project. The main objective of study is to perform preliminary configuration for commercial viability and approximate size of the foundation pile structure. Design nomograms and equations are derived for preliminary design of monopile founded wind turbines situated at offshore of Gujarat. Parametric studies are carried out on various configurations of hollow monopile by changing water depths and properties of soil. A nonlinear static analysis of substructure is carried out considering aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces for various structural and soil parameters. The design of sub structure wind turbine is based on API (American petroleum institute) standards. An example problem involving the design of foundations for The proposed area is located 23-40 km seaward side from the Pipavav port at Gulf of Khambhat off Gujarat coast. The site is easily accessible from the Pipavav and Jaffrabad Port, is taken to demonstrate the proposed calculation procedure. The data used for the calculations are obtained from publicly available sources.
Modelling and Performance Analysis of Electric Car-Sharing Systems Using Petri Nets
Authors: Hamroun A. , Labadi K. , Lazri M.
Published: May 2020

Car sharing systems emerged as a new answer to mobility challenges in smart and sustainable cities. Despite their apparent success, design and exploitation of such systems raise crucial strategic and operational challenges. To help planners and decision makers, simulation, analysis and optimization models are unavoidable. Based on the formal modelling and analysis power of stochastic Petri nets, this paper proposes a discrete event simulation model for electric car sharing systems for performance and analysis purposes, taking into account their complex dynamic behaviour, organization and parameters including capacities of the stations, battery and energy availability, locations of charging stations and also their car maintenance activities, not negligible compared to the case of bike-sharing systems.
Smart Transportation Based Car Pooling System
Authors: Gedam Celesty , Sahare Madhavi , Sachdeo Rajneeshkaur , Kulkarni Nilima
Published: May 2020

Sharing of car is Carpooling, so that multiple number of people can travel in single car. the use of car pooling reduces single individuals Travelling cost , reduces the fuel cost and reduces the number of cars. Due to the growth in the population there is inadequate transportation through their own car . Rather than using different mode of Transportation. It results in increasing number of Traffic on roads also increases pollution and increases time to travel to there destination. So by Smart transportation using car pooling system the individual can travel and share there rides with different people of a same destination. In this paper we have carried outs survey. By reviewing various Literature papers on carpooling it aims to reduce the number of cars by sharing the rides.
Holistic approach for cultural infrastructure with reference to future smart cities
Authors: Gokhale Chaitanya
Published: May 2020

To take the initiative of smart cities to new heights is a responsibility of every citizen. Bona fide progress will be seen when people's approach towards their city will change through awareness and education about the prevalent systems. This paper focuses on improving the cultural aspects of a smart city, especially visually, and on improving governance with reference to the 21st century. A majority of the information deals with the must-haves of smart city, later moving on to more specific problems. In the following paper, evaluation, analysis, ideas, innovative solutions along with comparisons and examples from life have been suggested with a view of enhancing the pre-existent, and further developing the cultural infrastructure of a smart city. This is proposed in a way that will help old traditions and historical heritage keep pace with modernism and other urban developments in the age of internet without changing their essence. This, in turn, will lead to touristic developments. Attention has also been paid to heritage restoration and its methods. Special focus has been given to the aesthetics of proposed, self-designed signage systems of the city. It is hoped that the insights presented herewith encourage greater enthusiasm towards art and encourage appreciation towards the culture and heritage of a smart city. This will add value to the quality of life of its citizens.
Simple Design of Solar Based Watering System for Plants: Application in Multi-Story Buildings
Authors: Hote Mrudula , Dvivedi Ila
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the design of a solar-based watering system for plants in multi-story buildings is proposed. The main advantage of the design is that when the people are out of station or busy for particular days, the proposed solar-based system will water the plants for a particular time in a day. The proposed design is verified on a real-time hardware setup. The main advantage of the proposed design is that the mathematical approach is very simple and no need for any rocket science.
Salutogenic design with healthcare approaches to indoor environment for office premises
Authors: Danilov Alexey , Benuzh Andrei
Published: May 2020

It is statistically proven that a person on average spends about 90% of the time indoors. Therefore, it is not surprising that more and more scientific studies demonstrate that the design, construction and operation of buildings directly affect health. Air, microclimate, water, light, decoration materials - have a powerful effect on both the physical and mental state of people. No company striving for economic growth can ignore the problems arising from the incorrect organization of the workspace, since the internal environment of the premises determines the health of employees, and ultimately the productivity of employees and the company's profit.
Radiologische Diagnostik von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Lell Michael , Detmar Klaus , Schoen Matthias , Fritscher Torsten
Published: May 2020

Die Bildgebung spielt beim Staging von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren eine wichtige Rolle für die Therapieentscheidung insbesondere auch hinsichtlich der Abschätzung möglicher funktioneller Einschränkungen. Die 8. Auflage der TNM-Klassifikation hat einige Neuerungen gebracht, die sich auf das Staging unmittelbar auswirken. Bei den virusassoziierten (humanes Papilloma-Virus, HPV) Tumoren ist die eigentliche klinische TNM-Formel erst nach der Bestimmung des HPV-Status, also erst nach der histologischen Untersuchung möglich. Bei Mundhöhlen- und Hauttumoren wurde die Infiltrationstiefe in das Klassifikationsschema aufgenommen, beim Lymphknotenstaging die extranodale Ausbreitung (extranodal extension, ENE).

Auch in der Nachsorge spielt die radiologische Bildgebung eine entscheidende Rolle, da durch Narbenbildung und rekonstruktive Massnahmen mittels Lappenplastiken Inspektion und klinische Untersuchung erschwert sind. Neben CT und MRT ist mittlerweile auch die PET/CT fest etabliert, von den Krankenkassen akzeptiert und vergütet. Der Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Stand in der radiologischen Diagnostik von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren zusammen.
Quantifizierung von Glukosemetabolismus und Hypoxie mittels PET bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Hoberück Sebastian , Zöphel Klaus
Published: May 2020

Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Bedeutung der FDG- und der Hypoxie-PET bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den verschiedenen Quantifizierungsmöglichkeiten und deren Wertigkeit für die klinische Routine und Forschung. Die FDG-PET erfordert in der klinischen Routine nicht zwingend eine quantitative Analyse. Demgegenüber ist die ausschließlich qualitative Auswertung der Hypoxie-PET durch den im Vergleich zum FDG deutlich niedrigeren Kontrast, den alle Hypoxietracer gemein haben, erschwert.

Dem Nachteil des niedrigeren Kontrastes steht hier die strikt eindimensionale Aufnahme bzw. das Verweilen des Hypoxie-Tracers im hypoxischen Gewebe gegenüber, ein eindeutiger Vorteil im Vergleich zum Hochkontrast-Tracer FDG, dessen Aufnahme in Tumorzellen multifaktoriell ist.

Es gibt eine Vielzahl quantitativer Parameter, die weit über den scheinbar omnipräsenten, aber keinesfalls unumstrittenen maximalen Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) hinausgehen. Deren Erfordernis und ihr Einfluss auf die klinische Routinediagnostik werden dargestellt und kritisch abgewogen.
Pflegebildung in der Pflicht
Authors: Bensch Sandra
Published: May 2020

Auf die Digitalisierung der Berufswelt müssen auch Pflegeschulen und Fortbildungen reagieren. Um digitales Know-how zu vermitteln, braucht es vor allem kompetentes Bildungspersonal, meint Sandra Bensch. Und: einen praktischen Anwendungsbezug.
Sicher durch die Krise
Authors: Schön Wolfram
Published: May 2020

Wenn es um Krisen geht, gibt es Menschen, die daran zerbrechen und solche, die an der Situation wachsen und teilweise sogar gestärkt daraus hervorgehen. In Zeiten von COVID-19 kommt Vorgesetzten eine besonders wichtige Rolle zu.
Implementierung eines Betriebskonzeptes in einer HNO-Klinik im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Weiss Roxanne , Loth Andreas , Guderian Daniela , Diensthuber Marc , Kempf Volkhard , Hack Daniel , Wicker Sabine , Ciesek Sandra , Graf Jürgen , Stöver Timo , Leinung Martin
Published: May 2020

Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie stellt das gesamte medizinische Versorgungssystem vor große Herausforderungen. Gerade in universitären Einrichtungen als Maximalversorger ist eine höhere Exposition zu potenziell infektiösen Patienten oder tatsächlichen COVID-19-Kranken zu erwarten. Es musste kurzfristig ein Betriebskonzept entwickelt werden, das den aktuellen Hygiene-Empfehlungen des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI), den Empfehlungen der führenden Fachgesellschaften und dem daraus abgeleiteten internen Hygieneplan entsprach. Hierbei sind die Patientensicherheit und der Mitarbeiterschutz gleichermaßen zu beachten.

In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene sowie dem Betriebsärztlichen Dienst wurden Maßnahmen festgelegt, um trotz begrenzter diagnostischer und Ausrüstungsressourcen Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die COVID-19-Übertragungsgefahr für Untersucher und Patienten zu minimieren. Hierzu wurde ein Betriebskonzept erarbeitet, das aus verschiedenen Einzelmaßnahmen bestand, wie z. B. der Reduktion der ambulanten Patientenbehandlung auf Notfälle, lebensbedrohliche Erkrankungen und dringliche Nachsorgen, eine Doppeltriage von Patienten sowie die Einführung von Behandlungsteams.

Das neue erarbeitete Betriebskonzept konnte erfolgreich innerhalb weniger Tage umgesetzt werden. Nach ersten Erfahrungen aus dem Realbetrieb und mehreren „Hygienebegehungen“ waren lediglich geringfügige Nachbesserungen des Konzeptes erforderlich. Alle Maßnahmen wurden schriftlich im klinikinternen Qualitätshandbuch dokumentiert und sind allen Mitarbeitern zugänglich. Da es sich bei der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie um einen dynamischen Prozess mit regelmäßiger Änderung des Entwicklungs- und Informationsstandes handelt, wird das Betriebskonzept regelmäßig neu auf Gültigkeit überprüft und ggf. angepasst.
Occipital emissary foramina in adult human skulls and their clinical implications
Authors: Ganapathy Arthi , T. Sadeesh , Rao Sudha
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims: Occipital emissary veins are important sources of bleeding during skull base surgeries like suboccipital craniotomies. To prevent such complications it is important to know the topography and incidence of occipital emissary foramina hence the present study aims to find the incidence and location of occipital emissary foramina in adult human skulls of Indian origin. Materials and methods: One hundred human skulls from the collection of Department of Anatomy Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry and other medical colleges in and around Pondicherry were evaluated. The bones were examined for incidence of occipital emissary foramina. Number of emissary foramina and their distance from the margin of foramen magnum were noted. The patency of the foramina was confirmed by passing a probe through it. Results: Out of the 100 human adult skull bones examined 14(14%) of them showed patent occipital formina. Six of these foramina were present on the left side and six on the right side of midline. Double occipital foramina were seen in two skulls (2%). All the foramina were in proximity to foramen magnum than to the external occipital protuberance. The average distance of the occipital emissary foramina from the margin of foramen magnum was 1.13cm on the left side and 1.10cm on the right side. Conclusion: The present study has shown that the occipital emissary foramina occur at a higher frequency than what has been described earlier in literature.
No, Not That Way, the Other Way: Creating Active Sites in Self-Assembled Host Molecules
Authors: Hooley Richard J.
Published: May 2020

This Account describes our efforts over the last decade to synthesize self-assembled metal–ligand cage complexes that display reactive functional groups on their interiors. This journey has taken us down a variety of research avenues, including studying the mechanism of reversible self-assembly, analyzing ligand self-sorting properties, post-assembly reactivity, molecular recognition, and binding studies, and finally reactivity and catalysis. Each of these individual topics are discussed here, as are the lessons learned along the way and the future research outlook. These self-assembled hosts are the closest mimics of enzymes to date, as they are capable of size- and shape-selective molecular recognition, substrate activation and turnover, as well as showing less common ‘biomimetic’ properties such as the ability to employ cofactors in reactivity, and alter the prevailing mechanism of the catalyzed reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Paddlewheels and Self-Sorting Behavior

3 First-Row Transition-Metal-Mediated Assembly: Sorting and Stereochemical Control

4 Post-Assembly Reactivity

5 Molecular Recognition and Catalysis

6 Conclusions and Outlook
Effect of Extended π-Conjugation of Central Cores on Photovoltaic Properties of Asymmetric Wide-Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Xia Tian , Li Chao , Ryu Hwa Sook , Sun Xiaobo , Woo Han Young , Sun Yanming
Published: May 2020

Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to develop low-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In comparison, the NFAs with a wide bandgap (WBG) have received less attention. Here, three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type WBG NFAs (TPT-T, TPTT-T, and TPTTT-T) have been designed and synthesized with different fused central cores by varying the π-conjugation length and molecular structures, which all exhibit wide optical bandgaps over 1.8 eV. The successive π-conjugation extension of electron-donating central cores (from TPT-T to TPTT-T and to TPTTT-T) induces red-shifted absorption spectra, lower optical bandgap, and enhanced electron mobility simultaneously. As a result, the optimized OSC devices based on TPTTT-T:PBT1-C achieved a power conversion efficiency of 7.42%, which was higher than those of PBT1-C:TPTT-T (6.93%) and PBT1-C:TPT-T (6.11%) based devices. These results indicate that extending the molecular π-conjugation structure is an effective strategy to design efficient NFAs for OSCs.
A Novel Homozygous Frameshift WDR81 Mutation associated with Microlissencephaly, Corpus Callosum Agenesis, and Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia
Authors: Kalmár Tibor , Szakszon Katalin , Maróti Zoltán , Zimmermann Alíz , Máté Adrienn , Zombor Melinda , Bereczki Csaba , Sztriha László
Published: May 2020

Microlissencephaly is a brain malformation characterized by microcephaly and extremely simplified gyral pattern. It may be associated with corpus callosum agenesis and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. In this case report, we described two siblings, a boy and a girl, with this complex brain malformation and lack of any development. In the girl, exome sequencing of a gene set representing 4,813 genes revealed a homozygous AG deletion in exon 7 of the WDR81 gene, leading to a frameshift (c.4668_4669delAG, p.Gly1557AspfsTer16). The parents were heterozygous for this mutation. The boy died without proper genetic testing. Our findings expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of WDR81 gene mutations.
Dynamic aspects of the flip-annihilation process
Authors: Costa L. T. , Ramos A. D.
Published: May 2020

A one-dimensional interacting particle system is revisited. It has discrete time, and its components are located in the set of integers. These components can disappear in the functioning process. Each component assumes two possible states, called plus and minus, and interacts at every time step only with its nearest neighbors. The following two transformations happen: The first one is called flip, under its action, a component in state minus turns into a plus with probability β. The second one is called annihilation, under its action, whenever a component in state plus is a left neighbor of a component in state minus, both components disappear with probability α. Let us consider a set of initial measures to the process. For these measures, we show the upper bound for the mean time of convergence, which is a function of the initial measure. Moreover, we obtain the upper bound to the mean quantity of minuses on the process in each time step. Considering the initial measure concentrated at the configuration whose components are in the state minus, we improved a well-known result that the process is non-ergodic when β < α2/250. Now, we are able to offer non-ergodicity when β < 9α2/1000. We also established new conditions to the ergodicity of the process. Finally, we performed some Monte Carlo simulations for this process.
Transition to a supersolid phase in a two-dimensional dilute gas of electron-hole pairs
Authors: Fil D. V. , Shevchenko S. I.
Published: May 2020

Using coherent-state formalism (the Keldysh formalism), the article describes a transition from a homogeneous superfluid state to a supersolid state in a two-dimensional dilute gas of electron-hole pairs with spatially separated components. Such a transition is heralded by the appearance of a roton-type minimum in the collective excitation spectrum, which touches the abscissa axis as the distance between the layers or the pair density increases. This signals the instability of the system with respect to the appearance of a spatial modulation of the pair density. It has been found that a first-order transition to a hexagonal supersolid phase takes place a little earlier. A theory without phenomenological constants has been developed for an arbitrary relation between the effective masses of an electron and a hole. A phase diagram for the system has been plotted in the variables “the chemical potential of pairs – the distance between the layers.” It has been shown that there is a jump in the average density of the condensate during the phase transition. It has been established that with an increase in the chemical potential, the inhomogeneous phase breaks up into high-density regions surrounded by lines at which the density becomes zero, with these lines forming a continuous network.
Spectrally robust series/parallel-connected triple-junction photovoltaic cells used for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Morikawa Takeshi , Kato Naohiko
Published: May 2020

We have overcome two drawbacks involved in series-connected double-junction (S-2J) and triple-junction (S-3J) photovoltaic cells to compose monolithic modules of artificial photosynthesis consisting of directly connected photovoltaic cells and electrolyzers of the same size. One is current mismatching among the subcells under solar spectrum variation. The other is inefficient utilization of high-energy photons that can generate sufficiently high voltage to promote the target reaction, caused by consumption of two or three photons for extracting a single electron regardless of the photon energies. This arises from the predetermined operating voltage, contrasting to no restriction of the output voltage for solar cells combined with power conditioners. In a series/parallel-connected triple-junction (S/P-3J) photovoltaic cell, the series-connected middle and bottom cells are connected with the top cell in parallel. High-energy photons absorbed in the top cell are efficiently utilized because the photoexcited electrons are directly extracted. Although relative intensities of high-energy photons in the measured solar spectra changes remarkably, the top cell is free from the current matching restriction. On the other hand, current matching between the middle and bottom cells approximately holds, because solar spectrum in the relevant range changes only slightly. Consequently, the S/P-3J significantly improves solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency (ηSTC) and is more advantageous on overcast days owing to the spectral robustness. Using the state-of-the-art electrolyzers, ηSTC = 32%−26% of H2 production by water splitting is estimated on fine and overcast days. CO2 reduction to CO proceeds with ηSTC = 30%−25%. These values are higher than those for the S-2J by 3%−9%.
Identification of Burgers vectors of dislocations in monoclinic β-Ga2O3 via synchrotron x-ray topography
Authors: Yao Yongzhao , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Yukari
Published: May 2020

Dislocations are major structural defects in semiconductor materials, and they have negative impacts on the performance and reliability of electronic devices. The Burgers vector (b→) of a dislocation is one of the most important characteristics that determines its behavior in an operating device. In this study, we used synchrotron x-ray topography (XRT) to perform systematic observations of dislocations in β-Ga2O3, which is a promising wide-bandgap semiconductor for power device applications. By applying the g→⋅b→ invisibility criterion to dislocation contrasts in XRTs taken at multiple reciprocal lattice vectors g→, we identified 12 types of Burgers vectors, including 11 types theoretically predicted by Yamaguchi et al. [Superlattice Microst. 99, 99 (2016)] and b→=⟨100⟩. Some of these Burgers vectors, such as b→=⟨101¯⟩,12⟨132⟩,12⟨13¯2⟩,⟨001⟩, and ⟨100⟩, were confirmed experimentally for the first time.
Assessment of avian sperm DNA fragmentation using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay
Authors: Johnston Stephen D. , López-Fernández Carmen , Pappin Eloise , Hampe Alexandra , Doneley Robert , Lierz Michael , Gosálvez Jaime
Published: May 2020

Herein we report a simple method for assessing avian sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) using the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt). The presence of sperm DNA damage was confirmed indirectly by correlating results of the SCDt determined in three bird species with results of a corresponding neutral comet assay (r=0.99; P<0.005). Frozen–thawed spermatozoa of each species were also incubated at 37°C for 5h and the within- and between-species variation of SDF, as an indicator of sperm DNA longevity, examined. The dynamic assessment of SDF using the SCDt revealed species and individual bird (rooster and turkey) differences in sperm DNA longevity.
A parallelized, automated platform enabling individual or sequential ChIP of histone marks and transcription factors
Authors: Dainese Riccardo , Gardeux Vincent , Llimos Gerard , Alpern Daniel , Jiang Jia Yuan , Meireles-Filho Antonio Carlos Alves , Deplancke Bart
Published: May 2020

Despite its popularity, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) remains a tedious (>2 d), manually intensive, low-sensitivity and low-throughput approach. Here, we combine principles of microengineering, surface chemistry, and molecular biology to address the major limitations of standard ChIP-seq. The resulting technology, FloChIP, automates and miniaturizes ChIP in a beadless fashion while facilitating the downstream library preparation process through on-chip chromatin tagmentation. FloChIP is fast (<2 h), has a wide dynamic range (from 10
6
to 500 cells), is scalable and parallelized, and supports antibody- or sample-multiplexed ChIP on both histone marks and transcription factors. In addition, FloChIP’s interconnected design allows for straightforward chromatin reimmunoprecipitation, which allows this technology to also act as a microfluidic sequential ChIP-seq system. Finally, we ran FloChIP for the transcription factor MEF2A in 32 distinct human lymphoblastoid cell lines, providing insights into the main factors driving collaborative DNA binding of MEF2A and into its role in B cell-specific gene regulation. Together, our results validate FloChIP as a flexible and reproducible automated solution for individual or sequential ChIP-seq.
Fire mosaics and habitat choice in nomadic foragers
Authors: Bliege Bird Rebecca , McGuire Chloe , Bird Douglas W. , Price Michael H. , Zeanah David , Nimmo Dale G.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Models of human habitat choice and landscape use assume that people have negative effects on resource availability, which causes them to avoid regions that are already occupied or that show signs of extensive past use in favor of regions of higher quality. We show that when people engage in activities that increase resource productivity, like burning, there is the potential for these improvements to change habitat preferences in favor of places that have been previously modified and occupied by people. This process changes the way we think about intensification (and the origins of broad-spectrum economies), which may arise not from the negative effects of people on resources, but from the positive (and often unintentional) feedbacks between people and their environments.
Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation
Authors: Nishioka Jun , Obata Hajime , Ogawa Hiroshi , Ono Kazuya , Yamashita Youhei , Lee Keunjong , Takeda Shigenobu , Yasuda Ichiro
Published: May 2020

The mechanism by which nutrients in the deep ocean are uplifted to maintain nutrient-rich surface waters in the subarctic Pacific has not been properly described. The iron (Fe) supply processes that control biological production in the nutrient-rich waters are also still under debate. Here, we report the processes that determine the chemical properties of intermediate water and the uplift of Fe and nutrients to the main thermocline, which eventually maintains surface biological productivity. Extremely nutrient-rich water is pooled in intermediate water (26.8 to 27.6 σ
θ
) in the western subarctic area, especially in the Bering Sea basin. Increases of two to four orders in the upward turbulent fluxes of nutrients were observed around the marginal sea island chains, indicating that nutrients are uplifted to the surface and are returned to the subarctic intermediate nutrient pool as sinking particles through the biological production and microbial degradation of organic substances. This nutrient circulation coupled with the dissolved Fe in upper-intermediate water (26.6 to 27.0 σ
θ
) derived from the Okhotsk Sea evidently constructs an area that has one of the largest biological CO
2
drawdowns in the world ocean. These results highlight the pivotal roles of the marginal seas and the formation of intermediate water at the end of the ocean conveyor belt.
Model identification for prediction of dengue fever disease spreading using Bat Algorithm and backpropagation
Authors: Damayanti A , Hidayati N L , Pratiwi A B
Published: May 2020

Dengue fever disease is one of the public health problems in Indonesia growing rapidly and spreading widely. Dengue fever disease is caused by the dengue virus. The virus is spread by species mosquito Aides Aegypti and Aedes Alboctipus as primer vector as well as Aedes polynesiensis, Aedes scutellaris and AE (Finlaya) niveus as secondary vector. According to data from WHO, Pacific Asean bore 75 percent from dengue burden in the world during 2004 and 2010, while Indonesia is reported as the biggest second country with dengue fever disease cases between 30 endemic countries. One way to have a better understanding of the problem is by identifying the model based on the known data and do prediction. It is expected that the government would take action based on the prediction result. To solve this problem, the researcher using Bat Algorithm and artificial neural network backpropagation. In order to solve this problem. This paper purposes Bat Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network – Backpropagation to identify the spreading model. The purpose of the identification system using neural network backpropagation is to identify the ODE model of spreading dengue fever disease based on actual data. The first process is the estimation of parameters model using bat algorithm, with inquiring for a numeric solution from the ODE model spread of dengue fever disease as an objective function. The second process is model identification using artificial neural networks and the last, prediction of dengue fever spreading. T Based on the simulation result using dengue fever disease data start from January 2013 until December 2017 the MSE is 0.008 for identification process and 0,1728 for prediction process whereas The MSE value in validation process result is 0.1089 for identification process and 0.1617 for prediction process.
The proof of properties of dihedral group and its commutative elements
Authors: Muhammad H , Susilowati L , Fatmawati
Published: May 2020

In the field of abstract algebra, there is an important branch for the foundations of mathematics, namely group. The group is a non-empty set with some certain axioms. In the group, there is an interesting part, that is finite group. For the finite group has been defined the commutativity degree as the comparasion between the number of commutative elements of group and its order. If the finite group is commutative, then its commutativity degree is one. If the finite group is not commutative, then its commutativity degree is less than one. One example of a non-commutative finite group is a dihedral group. A dihedral group is a group which elements are the result of a composition of two permutations with predetermined properties. Keith Conrad in his article entitled “dihedral group” specifically discussed about the special properties of the group. Keith Conrad defined dihedral groups as a result of reflection and rotation operations. All the properties of dihedral groups are proven by geometry approach as the reflection and rotation. The purpose of this study is to prove the properties of dihedral group using functions, furthermore this research will examine which elements are commutative in dihedral group.