bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning integrated graphene oxide‐based diagnostics, drug delivery, analytical approaches to empower cancer diagnosis
Authors: Das Suparna , Mazumdar Hirak , Khondakar Kamil Reza , Kaushik Ajeet
Published: September 2024

Machine learning (ML) and nanotechnology interfacing are exploring opportunities for cancer treatment strategies. To improve cancer therapy, this article investigates the synergistic combination of Graphene Oxide (GO)‐based devices with ML techniques. The production techniques and functionalization tactics used to modify the physicochemical characteristics of GO for specific drug delivery are explained at the outset of the investigation. GO is a great option for treating cancer because of its natural biocompatibility and capacity to absorb medicinal chemicals. Then, complicated biological data are analyzed using ML algorithms, which make it possible to identify the best medicine formulations and individualized treatment plans depending on each patient's particular characteristics. The study also looks at optimizing and predicting the interactions between GO carriers and cancer cells using ML. Predictive modeling helps ensure effective payload release and therapeutic efficacy in the design of customized drug delivery systems. Furthermore, tracking treatment outcomes in real time is made possible by ML algorithms, which permit adaptive modifications to therapy regimens. By optimizing medication doses and delivery settings, the combination of ML and GO in cancer therapy not only decreases adverse effects but also enhances treatment accuracy.
Sodium Alginate/Poly (Acrylicacid) Hydrogel Composite, Potential Carrier for Fibroblast Growth Factor1 (FGF1) Delivery
Authors: Sisakht Mahsa Mollapour , Gholizadeh Fatemeh , Shahravi Zahra , Doust‐Vaghe Yasaman Kiani , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir
Published: September 2024

Fibroblast growth factor1 is a powerful signaling molecule that plays a critical role in injury repair of diverse tissue by stimulating cell growth and angiogenesis. FGF1 has significant role in the cell fate and regulating inflammation with short half‐life and poor in vivo stability. The encapsulation of the growth factor in the hydrogel led to peptide protect from the degradation and/or immune recognition and enable controlled drug delivery over a longer period of time. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a hydrogel carrier with adjustable release rate while maintaining bioactivity of FGF1. Here we describe an optimal ratio of sodium alginate and polyacrylic acid without additional cross linker containing optimum amount of FGF1 with the potential of sustained release to be used as a therapeutic agent. The carrier was characterized by FTIR, contact angle and swelling ratio. The activity of FGF1 after release from the hydrogel was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot. Further assessment of genes related to inflammation were evaluated by RTPCR. This hydrogel is able to deliver growth factors by restricting the essential proteins within the matrix to prevent rapid proteolysis and explosive release and is therefore widely applicable.
Aqueous Compatible Post‐Synthetic On‐Column Conjugation of Nucleic Acids Using Amino‐Modifiers
Authors: Saraya Jagandeep S. , Sammons Scott R. , O'Flaherty Derek K.
Published: September 2024

Nucleic acid conjugation methodologies involve linking the nucleic acid sequence to other (bio)molecules covalently. This typically allows for nucleic acid property enhancement whether it be for therapeutic purposes, biosensing, etc. Here, we report a streamlined, aqueous compatible, on‐column conjugation methodology using nucleic acids containing a site‐specific amino‐modifier. Both monophosphates and carboxylates were amenable to the conjugation strategy, allowing for the introduction of a variety of useful handles including azide, aryl, and hydrophobic groups in DNA. We find that an on‐column approach is superior to post‐synthetic template‐directed synthesis, mainly with respect to product purification and recovery.
Hemilabile Thio– and Selenoethers in Bis(benzimidazolyl)Amine Copper Complexes Relevant to the Active Sites of Copper‐Dependent Monooxygenases
Authors: Sánchez‐Eguía Brenda N. , Hernández‐Toledo Hugo , Lidin Sven , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Nordlander Ebbe , Bertaina Sylvain , Orio Maylis , Castillo Ivan
Published: September 2024

Copper complexes supported by benzimidazole‐based tetradentate neutral ligands featuring thio‐ and selenoether donors, resemble the coordination environment of the active site in copper dependent monooxygenases Dopamine‐β‐monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine‐α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The cuprous complexes react with O2 at low temperature generating a reactive copper‐oxygen species assigned to a side‐on cupric–superoxo complex, which activates the C─H bond of dihydroanthracene. Based on structural, 1H and 77Se NMR, and EPR spectroscopic characterization, together with DFT computations, the selenoether moiety likely acts as a hemilabile ligand in these scaffolds, which results in an electrophilic cupric–superoxide intermediate poised for H‐atom transfer, as has been proposed for related bis(benzimidazole)‐thioether analogues and selenoether‐modified enzymatic systems.
Intensifying Cyclopentanone Synthesis from Furfural Using Supported Copper Catalysts
Authors: Patil Adarsh , Engelbert van Bevervoorde Maurik , Neira d'Angelo Fernanda
Published: September 2024

This work addresses catalytic strategies to intensify the synthesis of cyclopentanone, a bio‐based platform chemical and a potential SAF precursor, via Cu‐catalyzed furfural hydrogenation in aqueous media. When performed in a single step, using either uniform or staged catalytic bed configuration, high temperature and hydrogen pressures (180 °C and 38 bar) are necessary for maximum CPO yields (37 and 49 %, respectively). Parallel furanic ring hydrogenation of furfural and polymerisation of intermediates, namely furfuryl alcohol (FFA), limit CPO yields. Employing a two step configuration with optimal catalyst bed can curb this limitation. First, the furanic ring hydrogenation can be suppressed by using milder conditions (i. e., 150 °C and 7 bar, and 14 seconds of residence time). Second, FFA hydrogenation using tandem catalysis, i. e., a mix of β‐zeolite and Cu/ZrO2, at 180 °C, 38 bar and 0.6, allows sufficient time for CPO formation and minimises polymerisation of FFA, thereby resulting in 60 % CPO yield. Therefore, this work recommends a split strategy to produce CPO from furfural. Such modularity may aid in addressing flexible market needs.
Strategic Engineering of Compressible, Fibrous, Mesoporous Monoliths for High‐Flux Separation of Viscous Fuel Oil With Tunable Joule‐Heating Effect
Authors: Jeong Songah , Kwak Youngwoo , Jeong Seo Yoon , Kang Jinhyeok , Nam Changwoo , Kim Hyungwoo
Published: September 2024

This paper demonstrates the strategic molecular design of functional polymer monoliths comprised of mesoporous fibers with stimuli‐responsive Joule‐heating properties for the rapid and efficient recovery of viscous fuel oil from water. The mesoporous fibers were composed of carefully selected monomers, which spontaneously entangled with each other to form a spongy monolith in a one‐pot synthesis process. The subsequent addition of polypyrrole nanoparticles to the polymer produced superwettable intertwined fibers with strain‐responsive conductivity, allowing the monolith to be used as a compressible, fibrous, and porous adsorbent with a high‐flux separation capability and a tunable electrical heating effect. This adsorbent was demonstrated to successfully separate different types of low‐viscosity oil from water in a continuous, highly efficient process. It also induced a rapid increase in the temperature during the recovery of marine fuel oil (MFO 380), with a minimal compression of 3% under an external voltage. The proposed adsorbent can thus be used for the effective recovery of various fuel oils and improved further by incorporating other synergistic components for various water‐treatment systems.
Long‐term efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors for elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure: The OASIS‐HF study
Authors: Amioka Michitaka , Kinoshita Hiroki , Fuji Yuto , Nitta Kazuhiro , Yamane Kenichi , Shokawa Tomoki , Nakano Yukiko
Published: September 2024

Aims

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been widely demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, data on the extent to which rehospitalization is suppressed following HF hospitalization are limited. This study investigated the effects of SGLT2i on rehospitalization and cardiovascular death.

Methods and results

The OASIS‐HF study, a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study, enrolled 361 patients aged ≥75 years hospitalized for acute decompensated HF. The impact on composite events of HF rehospitalization or cardiovascular death and the number of annual rehospitalizations were evaluated between the conventional medical therapy and SGLT2i groups. The change in eGFR slope at the 1‐year mark after the initiation of treatment in both groups was also assessed. Over an average follow‐up period of 24.9 months, composite events occurred in 70 (35.4%) of the conventional therapy group and 36 (22.1%) of the SGLT2i group (log‐rank: P = 0.016). The average number of rehospitalizations for HF per year was 0.22 ± 0.13 vs. 0.14 ± 0.08, respectively (P = 0.019). The change in eGFR over 1 year was significantly slower in the SGLT2i group compared with the conventional group (−3.55 ± 8.46 vs. −1.42 ± 7.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

The SGLT2i are not only associated with the reduction of the composite events of HF rehospitalization or cardiovascular death and protect against worsening renal function but also with a decrease in long‐term repeated HF rehospitalizations.
Exploring the Neural Mechanisms of Mirrored‐Self Misidentification in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sun Zhen , Chen Gang , Gan Jinghuan , Tang Yuqiao , Wu Hao , Shi Zhihong , Yi Tingting , Yang Yaqi , Liu Shuai , Ji Yong
Published: September 2024

Objective

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition that causes a range of cognitive disturbances, including mirror‐self misidentification syndrome (MSM), in which patients cannot recognize themselves in a mirror. However, the mechanism of action of MSM is not precisely known. This study aimed to explore the possible neural mechanisms of action of MSM in AD using dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI).

Methods

This study included 48 AD patients, 13 in the MSM group and 35 in the non‐MSM group. The permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was quantitatively monitored by measuring the transfer rate (Ktrans) of the contrast agent from the vasculature to the surrounding tissue using DCE‐MRI. The concentration of contrast agents in different brain regions was measured, and the Patlak model was used to calculate Ktrans. Ktrans values were compared between the left and right cerebral hemispheres in different brain areas between the MSM and non‐MSM groups. Additionally, the difference in Ktrans values between mild and severe MSM was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors for MSM.

Results

The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare two groups and revealed elevated Ktrans values in the left thalamus, left putamen, left globus pallidus, left corona radiata, and right caudate in the MSM group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased Ktrans values in the left putamen (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.26) and left globus pallidus (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.31) may be risk factors for MSM. After dividing MSM patients into mild and moderate‐severe groups, the Ktrans values of the thalamus in the moderate‐severe group were greater than those in the mild group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study revealed the relationship between BBB permeability and MSM in AD. MSM is associated with BBB breakdown in the left putamen and globus pallidus. The left putamen and globus pallidus may function in mirror self‐recognition. Higher BBB permeability in the thalamus may reflect the severity of AD in MSM.
Establishing a novel score system and using it to assess and compare the quality of ChatGPT‐4 consultation with physician consultation for obstetrics and gynecology: A pilot study
Authors: Lan Lan , Yang Ling , Li Jinyan , Hou Jia , Yan Yunsheng , Zhang Yaozong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In the current study, we aimed to establish a quantified scoring system for evaluating consultation quality. Subsequently, using the score system to assess the quality of ChatGPT‐4 consultations, we compared them with physician consultations when presented with the same clinical cases from obstetrics and gynecology.

Methods

This study was conducted in the Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, a tertiary‐care hospital with approximately 16 000–20 000 deliveries and 8500–12 000 gynecologic surgeries per year. The detailed data from obstetric and gynecologic medical records were analyzed by ChatGPT‐4 and physicians; the consultation opinions were then generated respectively. All consultation opinions were graded by eight junior doctors using the novel score system; subsequently, the correlation, agreement, and comparison between the two types of consultation opinions were then evaluated.

Results

A total of 100 medical records from obstetrics and 100 medical records from gynecology were randomly selected. Pearson correlation analysis suggested a noncorrelation or weak correlation between consultations from ChatGPT‐4 and physicians. Bland–Altman plot showed an unacceptable agreement between the two types of consultation opinions. Paired t tests showed that the scores of physician consultations were significantly higher than those generated by ChatGPT‐4 in both obstetric and gynecologic patients.

Conclusion

At present, ChatGPT‐4 may not be a substitute for physicians in consultations for obstetric and gynecologic patients. Therefore, it is crucial to pay careful attention and conduct ongoing evaluations to ensure the quality of consultation opinions generated by ChatGPT‐4.
The associations of family atmosphere, religiosity and lifestyle with self‐esteem and self‐control among Saudi adolescents
Authors: Saquib Juliann , Saquib Nazmus , Chamsi Basha Amjad , Aljundi Saadi , Rajab Ahmad Mamoun , Rajab Tawfik Mamoun , Almazrou Abdulrahman
Published: September 2024

We assessed, with validated instruments, whether family atmosphere, religiosity or lifestyle were significant correlates of self‐esteem and/or self‐control among adolescents (Grades 7–12, n = 2067) in Saudi Arabia. Participants' mean age was 15.5 years; 64% were boys. Higher scores in family atmosphere and religiosity and having fewer lifestyle risk factors were significantly related to higher self‐esteem and self‐control scores (p < .05; adjusted linear regression models). The odds of scoring low (below median) in both self‐esteem and self‐control decreased incrementally across the increasing quartiles of family atmosphere and religiosity; the odds decreased incrementally across decreasing number of lifestyle risk factors (p < .05; adjusted multinomial regression). Programmes supporting healthy lifestyles, positive family environments and religiosity may boost self‐esteem and self‐control among adolescents.
Development of commercial applications for weather forecasts
Authors: Herdan B , Otten H
Published: September 2024

The European market for commercial meteorological services has been growing rapidly, with a number of the European National Meteorological Services (NMSs) providing services on a commercial basis and the private sector developing steadily. In this paper we summarise analysis of the European market size and structure. The majority of the paper is then devoted to providing a range of typical examples of innovative meteorological services which are provided on a commercial basis by the NMSs and the private sector.
Long‐term nanoplastics exposure contributes to impaired steroidogenesis by disrupting the hypothalamic‐testis axis: Evidence from integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis
Authors: He Qian , Li Xin , Xie Caiyan , Zhang Mingzhe , Lai Zebin , Zhou Yan , Luo Lei , Yang Yunxiao , Qu Mengyuan , Tian Kunming
Published: September 2024

Cumulative evidence suggested that nanoplastics (NPs) cause male toxicity, but the mechanisms of which are still misty. Steroidogenesis is a key biological event that responsible for maintaining reproductive health. However, whether dysregulated steroidogenesis is involved in NPs‐induced impaired male reproductive function and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In our study, Balb/c mice were continuously exposed to pristine‐NPs or NH2‐NPs for 12 weeks, spanning the puberty and adult stage. Upon the long‐term NPs treatment, the hypothalamus and testis were subjected to transcriptome and metabolome analysis. And the results demonstrated that both primitive‐NPs and NH2‐NPs resulted in impaired spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, as evidenced by a significant reduction in sperm quality, testosterone, FSH, and LH. The expression of genes involved in hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testis (HPT) axis, such as Kiss‐1 and Cyp17a1 that encoded the key steroid hormone synthetase, was also diminished. Furthermore, the phosphatidylcholine and pantothenic acid that mainly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly reduced in the testis. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome indicated that down‐regulated Cyp17a1 was associated with decreased metabolites phosphatidylcholine and pantothenic acid. Overall, we speculate that the disturbed HPT axis induced by long‐term NPs contributes to disordered glycerophospholipid metabolism and subsequently impaired steroidogenesis. Our findings deepen the understanding of the action of the mechanism responsible for NPs‐induced male reproductive toxicology.
Characterizing Biomechanics of Limbal Niche Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Dimmock Ryan , Zhang Yilong , Butt Gibran F. , Rauz Saaeha , Huang Zhihong , Yang Ying
Published: September 2024

The limbal niche is an adult source of epithelial stem cells which regenerate the cornea epithelium. The architecture and biomechanical properties of the limbus have previously been demonstrated to change due to aging and disease. This study aims to non‐destructively and simultaneously quantify these limbal niche properties, along with their age‐related changes. A lab‐built vibrational optical coherence elastography (OCE) device consisting of a phase‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a vibrational stimulator has been used to collect structural images and the depth‐resolved elasticity of human corneoscleral tissues (aged 4–96 years old). The limbal palisades of Vogt (POV) were delineated well in OCT images which were validated by histology. The POVs have been spatially mapped with simultaneous elasticity measurements in cross‐sections, showing tissue stiffness distributions across the undulations. A significant influence of age on the dimensions of the POVs was explored. The elastic modulus within the limbal niches for the ≥65‐year‐old group was significantly higher than that of the <65‐year‐old group.
Molecular Biomarkers for In Vitro Thrombogenicity Assessment of Medical Device Materials
Authors: Patel Mehulkumar , Parrish Anna , Serna Carlos , Jamiolkowski Megan , Srinivasan Keerthana , Malinauskas Richard , Lu Qijin
Published: September 2024

To develop standardized in vitro thrombogenicity test methods for evaluating medical device materials, three platelet activation biomarkers, beta‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), soluble p‐selectin (CD62P), and a plasma coagulation marker, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), were investigated. Whole blood, drawn from six healthy human volunteers into Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution A was recalcified and heparinized over a concentration range of 0.5–1.5 U/mL. The blood was incubated with test materials with different thrombogenic potentials for 60 min at 37°C, using a 6 cm2/mL material surface area to blood volume ratio. After incubation, the blood platelet count was measured before centrifuging the blood to prepare platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) and platelet‐free plasma (PFP) for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis of the biomarkers. The results show that all four markers effectively differentiated the materials with different thrombogenic potentials at heparin concentrations from 1.0 to 1.5 U/mL. When a donor‐specific heparin concentration (determined by activated clotting time) was used, the markers were able to differentiate materials consistently for blood from all the donors. Additionally, using PFP instead of PPP further improved the test method's ability to differentiate the thrombogenic materials from the negative control for β‐TG and TAT. Moreover, the platelet activation markers were able to detect reversible platelet activation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In summary, all three platelet activation markers (β‐TG, PF4, and CD62P) can distinguish thrombogenic potentials of different materials and detect ADP‐induced reversible platelet activation. Test consistency and sensitivity can be enhanced by using a donor‐specific heparin concentration and PFP. The same test conditions are applicable to the measurement of coagulation marker TAT.
Need for specially designed educational support groups: Young women's experiences of being identified with BRCA pathogenic variants
Authors: Johnsen Kjærsti Busk , Strømsvik Nina
Published: September 2024

In Norway, genetic testing is permitted from the age of 16, and females identified with pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes (BRCA PVs) can manage their cancer risk through screening programs and/or by undergoing risk‐reducing surgery from the age of 25 years'. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe how women under the age of 25 years' experience the genetic counseling and testing process for BRCA PVs and living with an increased cancer risk. Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with five women with BRCA PVs. Thematic cross‐case data analysis with systematic text condensation was used. Three main themes were identified: (1) experience with genetic counseling and testing, (2) impact of pathogenic variants on participants' future, and (3) social and psychological support needs. Women perceive genetic counseling as a source of information and care. The decision for genetic testing was made autonomously, both in line with and conflicting with the parents' wishes. Living with genetic risk adds a layer of worry and pressure regarding future decisions. Many experienced loneliness owing to a lack of contact with other young women with BRCA PVs. The results of this study indicate the need for better support after genetic testing, such as the need for educational support groups specially designed for these young women and a meeting place with their peers. Genetic counselors need to emphasize the opportunity for follow‐up counseling and give assistance to choose suitable psychologists.
Advances in the Clinical Study of Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement
Authors: Zhao Nannan , Shen Yuanyu , Shi Dafa , Mao Yumeng , Wang Guangsong , Xiao Gang , Xu Dongyuan , Yan Gen
Published: September 2024

Nuclear overhauser enhancement is a confounding factor arising from the in vivo application of a chemical exchange saturation transfer technique in which two nuclei in close proximity undergo dipole cross‐relaxation. Several studies have shown applicability and efficacy of nuclear overhauser enhancement in observing tumors and other lesions in vivo. Thus, this effect could become an emerging molecular imaging research tool for many diseases. Moreover, nuclear overhauser enhancement has the advantages of simplicity, noninvasiveness, and high resolution and has become a major focus of current research. In this review, we summarize the principles and applications of nuclear overhauser enhancement.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
A population‐based study on the associations of thyroid cancer with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Yang Tzong‐Hann , Cheng Yen‐Fu , Lin Herng‐Ching , Chen Chin‐Shyan
Published: September 2024

Background

Emerging concerns link periodontitis to an array of cancers, notably thyroid cancer, though investigations into these associations are still in the nascent stages. This population‐based study aimed to investigate the association of thyroid cancer with chronic periodontitis using Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID2010).

Methods

This case‐control study utilized LHID2010, selecting 2,775 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, matched with 8,325 controls based on age, sex, income, and the presence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, human papillomavirus infection, and tobacco use disorder using propensity‐score matching. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of thyroid cancer with chronic periodontitis.

Results

A chi‐squared analysis demonstrated a significant disparity in the prevalence of chronic periodontitis between those diagnosed with thyroid cancer and the controls, with prevalence rates of 38.5% and 24.1% respectively, and a p‐value less than 0.001. The odds ratio (OR) for having prior chronic periodontitis among patients with thyroid cancer compared to controls was 1.991, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.816–2.184 and a p‐value less than 0.001. The association was similar between sexes, yielding adjusted ORs of 1.991 (95% CI = 1.816∼2.184) for men and 1.962 (95% CI = 1.765−2.182) for women, indicating a statistically significant higher prevalence of chronic periodontitis in both male and female patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer compared to their control counterparts.

Conclusion

The findings highlight chronic periodontitis as a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer, underscoring the importance of integrated health surveillance and preventive strategies that encompass oral health.

Plain Language Summary

This study aimed to explore the link between thyroid cancer and chronic periodontitis. Using Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID2010), we selected 2,775 patients with thyroid cancer and matched them with 8,325 individuals without the disease based on age, sex, income, and other health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, HPV infection, and smoking habits. The study used statistical models to examine the relationship between thyroid cancer and chronic periodontitis. The findings showed that 38.5% of thyroid cancer patients had chronic periodontitis, compared to 24.1% of the control group. The odds of having chronic periodontitis were nearly twice as high in thyroid cancer patients. This pattern was consistent for both men and women. The study underscores the strong connection between chronic periodontitis and thyroid cancer, emphasizing the importance of raising public awareness about the potential risks of periodontitis.
Role of Multisensory Marketing of Bath Amenities in Luxury Hotel Customers' Perceived Value
Authors: Park Jungkun , Yun Jeewoo , Ahn Jiseon
Published: September 2024

The popularity of sensory marketing has piqued the interest of luxury service providers in designing service environments to stimulate the senses of customers seeking a unique luxury experience. Providing high‐quality hotel products allows an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage through brand differentiation. This study explores the link between the multisensory marketing of bath amenities (stimulus), perceived value (organism), and behavioral intention (response) based on the stimulus–organism–response framework. The data were collected from luxury hotel customers in the United States. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed relationships. The results show that customers with a high level of sensory experience tend to perceive high hedonic, quality, and prestige values. Further, perceived value affected customers' behavioral intentions (i.e., purchase and revisit intentions) through satisfaction. These findings offer useful guidelines for service providers on how they can achieve sustainable growth by differentiating brands using sensory attributes.
Histological characterization of rat vocal fold across different postnatal periods
Authors: Li Xumao , Lin Xinsheng , Xie Xinqiao , Chen Xiangyu , Xie Yuhui , Sun Guangbin
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the vocal fold histological characteristics during different postnatal periods in rats, especially older rats.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats aged 4 days, 4 and 12 weeks, and 12 and 24 months were used for the experiment. Five larynges were obtained for each age and cut into 5‐μm consecutive sections. The expression of Ki‐67 was assessed using immunohistochemistry to examine cell proliferation. Elastic van Gieson staining was used to detect the collagen and elastin concentrations. The cell type was determined using multicolor immunofluorescence.

Results

Ki‐67 was not expressed in the macula flava (MF) of 12‐week‐, 12‐month‐, and 24‐month‐old adults. Collagen fibers in the lamina propria (LP) increased with age. The elastic fiber concentrations in the LP decreased significantly at 24 months (p < .01) but remained stable in the MF. All posterior MF cells showed strong glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin‐positive reactions with weaker expressions of CD68 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). The myofibroblasts (α‐SMA‐positive) and macrophages (CD68‐positive) in the LP of the 24‐month‐old rats were significantly the highest (p < .01).

Conclusion

The extracellular matrix in the LP increases with age, presenting as an increase in collagen with the loss of elastin, which may be due to myofibroblast proliferation. Moreover, the cellular properties or extracellular matrix components of the mature MF in rats are comparable to those in humans.
Development of pH‐responsive Hydrogel from Copolymers of Artemisia vulgaris Seed Mucilage, Mucin, and poly(methacrylate) for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir Sodium
Authors: Taslim Fouzia , Ashraf Muhammad Umer , Farooq Muhammad , Mahmood Asif , Sarfraz Rai Muhammad , Ijaz Hira , Shahid Nariman , Gad Heba A.
Published: September 2024

To cope with the constraints of conventional drug delivery systems, site‐specific drug delivery systems are the major focus of researchers. The present research developed water‐swellable, pH‐responsive methacrylic acid‐based hydrogel scaffolds of Artemisia vulgaris seed mucilage with mucin and loaded with acyclovir sodium as a model drug. The developed hydrogel discs are evaluated for diverse parameters. Drug loading efficiency in all formulations ranges from 63% to 75%. The hydrogels exhibited pH‐dependent swelling, displaying optimum swelling in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and insignificant swelling in an acidic buffer (pH 1.2), in addition, they responded well to electrolyte concentrations. The sol‐gel fraction is estimated ranging from 60 to 95%. Dissolution studies unveiled sustained drug release for 24 h in a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, exhibiting zero‐order release kinetics. Moreover, FTIR spectra confirmed the drug‐excipient compatibility. SEM photomicrographs revealed a rough and porous surface of hydrogel discs with several pores and channels. The PXRD diffractograms exposed the amorphous nature of the polymeric blends. The findings of acute toxicity studies proved the developed hydrogel network is biocompatible. Therefore, these outcomes connote the newly created network as a smart delivery system, able to dispatch acyclovir sodium into the intestinal segment for a prolonged period.
Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Cyanovinylene‐Containing Conjugated Organic Polymers for Efficient Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Guo Qiqi , Lu Meihan , Zhang Yang , Gong Weitao
Published: September 2024

The pursuit of innovative organic materials and the examination of the “structure‐function” correlation in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial and highly desirable. Current research focuses on the creation of novel conjugated organic polymers with polycarbonyl groups and examining the impact of electrode structure on the function of lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, two novel cyanovinylene‐based conjugated organic polymers, NBA‐TFB and NBA‐TFPB, are synthesized using a Knoevenagel condensation reaction with naphthalene diimide as the integral unit. The performance of NBA‐TFB and NBA‐TFPB as cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries is investigated. Improved conductivity and increased active site density in NBA‐TFPB resulted in superior electrochemistry compared to NBA‐TFB. Specifically, NBA‐TFPB exhibited a larger reversible capacity (87.58 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and 88.34% retention after 100 cycles), exceptional rate capability (66.13 mAh g−1 at 5C), and robust cycling stability (99.58% coulombic efficiency at 1C and 60.71% retention after 2000 cycles). This study expands the family of diimide‐based naphthalene polymers and provides a strategy for enhancing the performance of organic electrode materials containing polycarbonyl structure.
Molecular Design of Active Layer for High‐Performance Stretchable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Yafei , He Feng
Published: September 2024

Stretchable organic solar cells (SOSCs) have advanced rapidly in the last few years as power sources required to realize portable and wearable electronics become available. Through rational material and device engineering, SOSCs are now able to retain their photovoltaic performance even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. However, reconciling a high efficiency and an excellent stretchability is still a huge challenge, and the development of SOSCs has lagged far behind that of flexible OSCs. In this perspective article, recent strategies for imparting mechanical robustness to SOSCs while maintaining high power conversion efficiency are reviewed, with emphasis on the molecular design of active layers. Initially, an overview of molecular design approaches and recent research advances is provided in improving the stretchability of active layers, including donors, acceptors, and single‐component materials. Subsequently, another common strategy for regulating photovoltaic and mechanical properties of SOSCs, namely multi‐component system, is summarized and analyzed. Lastly, considering that SOSCs research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future directions are pointed out.
States fueling workforce growth, but momentum at risk of slowing
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2024

Direct payments to provider agencies for worker recruitment/retention and increased funding for behavioral health services are among the key strategies states have been deploying in increasing numbers to boost the mental health and substance use treatment workforce, according to a newly published report.
Reevaluation of Recipient Vessel Selection in Breast Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Lemdani Mehdi S. , Crystal Dustin T. , Ewing Jane N. , Gala Zachary , Amro Chris , Azoury Said C. , Broach Robyn B. , Rhemtulla Irfan A. , Serletti Joseph M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Current consensus has established the internal mammary vessels (IMV) over the thoracodorsal vessels (TDV) as the preferred recipients for microvascular breast reconstruction due to their superior flow rates and long‐established outcomes. Yet, there are occurrences where the IMVs are not reliable and may subsequently prompt intraoperative decision‐making. Several options exist, including the contralateral IMVs, thoracoacromial vessels, and TDVs. The appropriate sequence for vessel choice is not universally agreed upon. This study reevaluates the TDVs to highlight their viability as a second‐line intraoperative alternative to the IMV and provide reference to the straightforward dissection required for harvest.

Methods

A retrospective, single‐institution, breast‐level analysis examining 4754 breast free flaps from 2978 patients undergoing bilateral free flap reconstruction was conducted. Postoperative complications within 180 days were evaluated, and cohorts based on anatomic anastomosis (IMV vs. TDV) were created to compare outcomes. Subanalysis was conducted based on flap laterality as well as whether a flap was planned or converted intraoperatively.

Results

Of 4754 breast free flaps, 4269 (89.8%) used the IMV while 485 (10.2%) used the TDV. Most complication rates between the TVD and IMV were not significantly different. Rates of flap loss were 1.0% and 1.2% for the IMV and TDV anastomosis (p = 0.59). IMV and TDV anastomosed flaps experienced similar rates of fat necrosis (6.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.915). However, multivariable analysis of all breasts regardless of laterality showed that skin necrosis was significantly less likely in TDV breasts (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29–0.71, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Given the relative similarity in cohort outcomes, TDV anastomosis can be considered a viable alternative to the IMV when the IMV is unavailable or technically disadvantageous. The TDV artery remains a robust and reliable option in the present‐day plastic surgeon's repertoire for breast reconstruction.
Hermite solution for a new fractional inverse differential problem
Authors: Beroudj Mohammed Elamine , Mennouni Abdelaziz , Cattani Carlo
Published: September 2024

Mathematics, mathematical modeling of real systems, and mathematical and computer methodologies aimed at the qualitative and quantitative study of real physical systems interact in a nontrivial way. This work aims to examine a new class of inverse problems for a fractional partial differential equation with order fractional
, which leads to the spectral problem involving Hermite's differential equation. We introduce proven theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the current problem. We obtain solutions in the form of series expansion using the Hermite orthogonal basis. Finally, we discuss the convergence analysis of the obtained solutions.
Bifurcation, quasi‐periodic, chaotic pattern, and soliton solutions for a time‐fractional dynamical system of ion sound and Langmuir waves
Authors: Elmandouh Adel
Published: September 2024

This paper strives to investigate the time fractional system that characterizes the ion sound wave influenced by the ponderomotive force induced by a high‐frequency field, as well as the Langmuir wave in plasma. Initially, based on the qualitative theory for planar integrable systems, four‐phase portraits are found in the
phase plane under certain conditions on the physical parameters. These conditions are used to prove analytically the existence of solitary, kink (anti‐kink), periodic, super‐periodic, and unbounded wave solutions. The correspondence between the energy levels, phase orbits, and consequently the type of the solution is announced. We derived the bounded wave solutions associated with the phase orbits, which are shown to be consistent with the qualitative analysis of the types of solutions. Moreover, we studied the consistency between the obtained solutions by investigating the degeneracy of the solutions through the transmission between the phase orbits, or equivalently, through the dependence on the initial conditions. With the presence of perturbed periodic terms, the quasi‐periodic behavior and chaotic patterns are investigated.
Inverse cosine convex functions: Algebraic, geometric, and analytic perspectives
Authors: Samraiz Muhammad , Imran Atika , Naheed Saima
Published: September 2024

In this article, we investigate a new class of convexity named inverse cosine convex functions (ICCF). We explore and examine some algebraic and geometric features by presenting the graphs of several significant ICCF functions for visual demonstration. By using this proposed class of functions, we derive the Hermite–Hadamard (HH) inequality and certain refinements applicable to functions whose first derivative in absolute value is an ICCF. To derive the main consequences, we mainly use Hölder's, Hölder–İşcan, and power‐mean integral inequalities. Furthermore, it is proved that the results obtained using Hölder–İşcan and improved power‐mean integral inequalities have better approximations compared to other techniques. This novel idea of inverse cosine convexity allows us to explore new horizons of research and may motivate researchers to investigate such classes of convexity.
Global‐in‐time well‐posedness of solutions for the 2D hyperbolic Prandtl equations in an analytic framework
Authors: Dong Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we consider the 2D hyperbolic Prandtl equations on the half plane. Firstly, we obtain the global existence of solutions by using the classical energy methods in an analytic framework. Then, we prove the uniqueness of solutions. Besides, we also obtain a time exponential decay in analytic regularity norm of the solutions for any time
.
An in‐band full‐duplex antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN using differential‐feed based neutral coupling for isolation enhancement
Authors: Prasad D. Venkata Siva , Tripathi Shrivishal , Paltani Punya P.
Published: September 2024

This article introduces a unique design approach for a compact in‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) antenna with good isolation in a wider bandwidth at the 2.4 GHz WLAN. The meander slot baluns are innovatively constructed in the feeding network, one balun on the top substrate layer and the other on the bottom substrate layer of the ground, to realize double differential feeding and polarization diversity. The metallic vias that connect one of the baluns in the feeding network with the co‐radiating patch further reduce the antenna's overall size. The balun's neutral coupling characteristics of differential potentials, which reduce the leakage currents by creating null potential, and differential filtering, which suppresses the leakage currents by non‐coupling fields, generate high isolation in the antenna. The designed balun offers a stable differential feed with a trivial magnitude and phase imbalances of (0.04–0.06) dB and , respectively. The antenna offers a minimum isolation of 78 dB with a wider bandwidth of 130 MHz. The far‐field measurement shows broadside radiation with low cross‐polar levels of less than −32 dB. A prototype is fabricated on FR‐4 substrate layers with an overall size of (0.8 × 0.8 × 0.012) ( is the free space wavelength of the frequency GHz) to validate the proposed design performance. The measured results of the prototype properly correlate with the simulated results.
Assessment of dual time point protocols to produce parametric Ki images in FDG PET/CT: A virtual clinical study
Authors: Reshtebar Niloufar , Hosseini Seyed Abolfazl , Zhuang Mingzan , Rahmim Arman , Karakatsanis Nicolas A. , Sheikhzadeh Peyman
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This simulation study investigated the feasibility of generating Patlak Ki images using a dual time point (DTP‐Ki) scan protocol involving two 3‐min/bed routine static PET scans and, subsequently, assessed DTP‐Ki performance for an optimal DTP scan time frame combination, against conventional Patlak Ki estimated from complete 0–93 min dynamic PET data.

Methods

Six realistic heterogeneous tumors of different characteristic spatiotemporal [18F]FDG uptake distributions for three noise levels commonly found in clinical studies and 20 noise realizations (N = 360 samples) were produced by analytic simulations of the XCAT phantom. Subsequently, DTP‐Ki images were generated by performing standard linear indirect Patlak analysis with t*‐min (Patlakt* = 12) using a scaled population‐based input function (sPBIF) model on 66 combinations of early and late 3‐min/bed static whole‐body PET reconstructed images. All DTP‐Ki images were evaluated against respective DTP‐Ki images estimated with Patlakt* = 12 and 0–93 min individual input functions (iIFs) and against gold standard Ki images estimated with Patlakt* = 12, 0–93 min iIFs and tissue time activity curves from all reconstructed WB passes 12–93 min post injection. The optimal combination of early and late frames, in terms of attaining the highest correlation between DTP‐Ki with sPBIF and gold standard Ki was also determined from a set of 66 different combinations of 2‐min early and late frames. Moreover, the performance of DTP‐Ki with sPBIF was compared against that of the retention index (RI) in terms of their correlation to the gold standard Ki. Finally, the feasibility and practicality of DTP protocol in the clinic were assessed through the analysis of nine patients.

Results

High correlations (>0.9) were observed between DTP‐Ki values from sPBIF and those from iIFs for all evaluated DTP protocols while the mean AUC difference between sPBIF and iIFs was less than 10%. The percentage difference of mean values between DTP‐Ki from sPBIF and from iIFs was less than 1%. DTP Ki from sPBIF exhibited significantly higher correlation with gold standard Ki, in contrast to RI, across all 66 DTP protocols (p < 0.05 using the two‐tailed t‐test by Williams) with the highest correlation attained for the 50‐53‐min early + 90‐93‐min late scan time frames (optimal DTP protocol).

Conclusion

Feasibility of generating Patlak Ki [18F] FDG images from an early and a late post injection 3‐min/bed routine static scan using a population‐based input function model was demonstrated and an optimal DTP scan protocol was determined. The results indicated high correlations between DTP‐Ki and gold‐standard Ki images that are significantly larger than those between RI and gold‐standard Ki.
“Support the strong” or “Help the weak?”: The effects of social comparison and social distance on cooperative behavior in the dictator game
Authors: Sun Qian , Li Qinglei , Qian Jiamin , Luo Shasha , Liu Yongfang
Published: September 2024

Within an object‐interdependent context, we conducted three experiments to investigate the influence of social comparisons on cooperative behavior, as well as to assess the mediating and moderating effects of related variables. In Experiment 1 (n = 207), we examined whether social comparisons impact cooperative behavior toward a comparator in a dictator game task. Here, we specifically focused on the mediating effects of evaluation of others' competence, along with three other potential mediators: self‐competence evaluation, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Following the insights gained from Experiment 1, we proceeded to Experiments 2 (n = 279) and 3 (n = 298) to further explore whether social distance moderates the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence. The results of all three experiments consistently indicated that upward (vs. non‐) comparison facilitated cooperative behavior, whereas downward (vs. non‐) comparison hindered it. Furthermore, our findings revealed that evaluation of others' competence served as a mediator between social comparison and cooperative behavior when the comparator (i.e., the cooperative partner) was perceived as being at a far‐distance, whereas the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence disappeared when social distance was close. These results reveal the pivotal role of evaluating others' competence and social distance in social interactions from the perspective of social comparison, which provides insights into how to promote cooperative behavior.