bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLES AND CHALLENGES OF STAY-AT-HOME-FATHERS IN SALATIGA, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Ismoyo Petsy Jessy , Pranasari Andiline Thea
Published: April 2019

This paper describes six men who decided to be a stay-at-home-fathers lived in Salatiga. All respondents believe that parenting roles is a kind of common responsibility for both parent. However, there are also challenges faced by stay-at-home-fathers which divided into the practical challenges related to the double role as father and mother, and also the emotional challenges. Nevertheless, no respondents stated that the roles of stay-at-home-father affects to the concept of masculinity itself but rather a responsibility of a father to protect the family. The division of house works based on gender roles have a close relation to the traditional Javanese concept of a family, which explained that men play an important role as the leader in running all domestic matters as well as being the breadwinner, while women should be responsible to take care of the children and doing house chores. Meanwhile, the idea of equality promoted by feminist thinkers deconstructed the meaning of family that has been understood since a long time ago. The research of this paper uses qualitative phenomenological method, with data collection technique by snowball sampling. In-depth interview conducted for three weeks long to five single fathers and a stay-at-home father living in Salatiga.
ZOULIKHA BOUABDELLAH VISUAL ART AND CONTEMPORARY CALLIGRAPHY IN MODERN ALGERIA
Authors: Ghaniya M. Fyza , Suranta Suranta
Published: April 2019

This study discusses the development of traditional poles that influence modern visual arts based on Aljazair culture, from conservative cultures under Ottoman influence to become Liberals after the French colonization brought to the Modern era. The majority of previous studies only discussed descriptive art variations in Algerian culture or only included elements of art in Algeria. This study uses qualitative methods, data collected by in-depth interviews with Visual Art experts at the best institutions in Indonesia and literature studies on art and culture in Algeria. This paper does not encourage artists to violate Islamic rules in their work. However, this study shows that there are artists who come out of Islamic rules to achieve certain goals and are not taboo in art. The paper concludes that a religious concept that is applied in a state principle does not make and guarantee that all members of the entire community line are fully conservative and obedient to the conservative rules in the state or legislation that must be obeyed in that country.
MEDICAL MANUSCRIPTS IN THE NUSANTARA CONTEXT
Authors: Holil Munawar
Published: April 2019

This article discusses studies that have been conducted on medical manuscripts in the Nusantara, especially those that have been presented in International Symposium on Nusantara Manuscripts initiated by Manassa (The Indonesian Association for Nusantara Manuscripts), National Seminar, and JUMANTARA Journal initiated by the National Library of Indonesia. In addition, it also discusses research on Nusantara medical manuscripts outside the Manassa forum and the National Library of Indonesia, especially those that have been conducted by researchers in Indonesia. The discussion of the results of this research is expected to provide an overview of medical manuscripts that have been studied, who the researchers are, and kind of studies that have been conducted on medical manuscripts in Nusantara. In the next section, it discusses the potential of Nusantara medical manuscripts, especially the manuscripts stored in Indonesia. The discussion in this section focuses on attempts to trace and explain the potential of Nusantara medical manuscript stored in Indonesia. The search effort of these medical manuscripts is based on the information of various manuscript catalogs, in particular the catalog of "local" manuscripts. Through the search of various manuscript catalogs, it‟s expected to know how the potential of Nusantara medical manuscripts. This effort is expected to provide a "map" of the potential of Nusantara medical manuscripts in Indonesia.
The African ape-like foot of Ardipithecus ramidus and its implications for the origin of bipedalism
Authors: Prang Thomas Cody
Published: April 2019

The ancestral condition from which humans evolved is critical for understanding the adaptive origin of bipedal locomotion. The 4.4 million-year-old hominin partial skeleton attributed to Ardipithecus ramidus preserves a foot that purportedly shares morphometric affinities with monkeys, but this interpretation remains controversial. Here I show that the foot of Ar. ramidus is most similar to living chimpanzee and gorilla species among a large sample of anthropoid primates. The foot morphology of Ar. ramidus suggests that the evolutionary precursor of hominin bipedalism was African ape-like terrestrial quadrupedalism and climbing. The elongation of the midfoot and phalangeal reduction in Ar. ramidus relative to the African apes is consistent with hypotheses of increased propulsive capabilities associated with an early form of bipedalism. This study provides evidence that the modern human foot was derived from an ancestral form adapted to terrestrial plantigrade quadrupedalism.
Host-pathogen coevolution increases genetic variation in susceptibility to infection
Authors: Duxbury Elizabeth ML , Day Jonathan P , Maria Vespasiani Davide , Thüringer Yannik , Tolosana Ignacio , Smith Sophia CL , Tagliaferri Lucia , Kamacioglu Altug , Lindsley Imogen , Love Luca , Unckless Robert L , Jiggins Francis M , Longdon Ben
Published: April 2019

It is common to find considerable genetic variation in susceptibility to infection in natural populations. We have investigated whether natural selection increases this variation by testing whether host populations show more genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens that they naturally encounter than novel pathogens. In a large cross-infection experiment involving four species of Drosophila and four host-specific viruses, we always found greater genetic variation in susceptibility to viruses that had coevolved with their host. We went on to examine the genetic architecture of resistance in one host species, finding that there are more major-effect genetic variants in coevolved host-pathogen interactions. We conclude that selection by pathogens has increased genetic variation in host susceptibility, and much of this effect is caused by the occurrence of major-effect resistance polymorphisms within populations.
Identification and comparative analysis of the CIPK gene family and characterization of the cold stress response in the woody plant Prunus mume
Authors: Li Ping , Zheng Tangchun , Li Lulu , Zhuo Xiaokang , Jiang Liangbao , Wang Jia , Cheng Tangren , Zhang Qixiang
Published: April 2019

Prunus mume is an important ornamental woody plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. Freezing stress can adversely impact plant productivity and limit the expansion of geographical locations. Understanding cold-responsive genes could potentially bring about the development of new ways to enhance plant freezing tolerance. Members of the serine/threonine protein kinase (CIPK) gene family play important roles in abiotic stress. However, the function of CIPK genes in P. mume remains poorly defined. A total of 16 CIPK genes were first identified in P. mume. A systematic phylogenetic analysis was conducted in which 253 CIPK genes from 12 species were divided into three groups. Furthermore, we analysed the chromosomal locations, molecular structures, motifs and domains of CIPK genes in P. mume. All of the CIPK sequences had NAF domains and promoter regions containing cis-acting regulatory elements of the related stress response. Three PmCIPK genes were identified as Pmu-miR172/167-targeted sites. Transcriptome data showed that most PmCIPK genes presented tissue-specific and time-specific expression profiles. Nine genes were highly expressed in flower buds in December and January, and 12 genes were up-regulated in stems in winter. The expression levels of 12 PmCIPK genes were up-regulated during cold stress treatment confirmed by qRT-PCR. Our study improves understanding of the role of the PmCIPK gene family in the low temperature response in woody plants and provides key candidate genes and a theoretical basis for cold resistance molecular-assisted breeding technology in P. mume.
A citizen science approach to evaluating US cities for biotic homogenization
Authors: Leong Misha , Trautwein Michelle
Published: April 2019

Cities around the world have converged on structural and environmental characteristics that exert similar eco-evolutionary pressures on local communities. However, evaluating how urban biodiversity responds to urban intensification remains poorly understood because of the challenges in capturing the diversity of a range of taxa within and across multiple cities from different types of urbanization. Here we utilize a growing resource—citizen science data. We analyzed 66,209 observations representing 5,209 species generated by the City Nature Challenge project on the iNaturalist platform, in conjunction with remote sensing (NLCD2011) environmental data, to test for urban biotic homogenization at increasing levels of urban intensity across 14 metropolitan cities in the United States. Based on community composition analyses, we found that while similarities occur to an extent, urban biodiversity is often much more a reflection of the taxa living locally in a region. At the same time, the communities found in high-intensity development were less explained by regional context than communities from other land cover types were. We also found that the most commonly observed species are often shared between cities and are non-endemic and/or have a distribution facilitated by humans. This study highlights the value of citizen science data in answering questions in urban ecology.
Mechanical Damage in the Tillering, Development and Productivity of Wheat
Authors: Czepak Marcio Paulo , Sornberger Valmor , Santana Weslley Do Rosário , Falcão Rosa Luã Víthor Chíxaro Almeida , Oliveira Vinicius De Souza , Santos Karina Tiemi Hassuda dos , Schmildt Omar , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: April 2019

Wheat has great economic importance, especially in the Southern states of Brazil, is a good option for winter cultivation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical damages in the induction of tillering, development and productivity of wheat. Treatments were two methods of mechanical damages (kneading and cutting) combined with five induction time of damages (seedling emergence, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence) and one control (no mechanical damages). Variables evaluated were: tillering, final height of plant, final length of spikes, final number of spikes per m2, number of spikelets per spike and grain yield. The mechanical damages caused by the cutting method did not have positive effects on tillering, development and productivity of the wheat grain at any time of the cut. The kneading method did not increase tillers and productivity, nor did it reduce the number of tillers and productivity. The results, despite not being conclusive, demonstrate to be of the potential of cultivating wheat in an integrated crop-livestock system.
Isolation and Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Species Associated with Shopping Trolleys and Baskets from Supermarkets in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluyede D. C. , Olajubu F. A. , Adejumo T. O.
Published: April 2019

Pathogens on public shared objects among people have generated a lot of public health concerns. People are brought together and thus facilitate transmission of pathogens either directly or indirectly within the supermarkets. This study was aimed at isolating bacteria from items carriage from supermarkets and assesses the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. A total of 253 swab samples were obtained from handles of trolleys and baskets used by customers from four major supermarkets in Akure. Each sample was immediately transferred into 5 ml of peptone water. The samples were processed using a standard microbiological method. Bacteria growths were identified based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Susceptibility test of the isolates was done on Mueller-Hinton agar. The study shows that out of the 353 isolates identified, 37.1% were S. aureus, 49.6% were S. epidermidis, 5.7% were Klebsiella sp and 7.6% were E. coli. Results showed that Ampiclox and Cotrimoxazole (S. aureus in Trolleys), Ampiclox, Zinnacef, Amoxacillin, Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin (S. aureus in baskets), Rocephin (S. epidermidis in trolleys) and Amoxacillin (S. epidermidis in baskets) are ineffective. Regular disinfection of items carriage and educating people to improve hand washing habits are recommended as measures to decreasing transmission of pathogens and their infections.
Impact of Earthquakes on the Transportation Infrastructure of Indonesia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Amirsardari Anita , Sofi Massoud , Lumantarna Elisa , Imran Iswandi , Duffield Colin
Published: April 2019

Indonesia is a high seismic region and one of the most vulnerable countries prone to experiencing damaging earthquakes. It is critical that lifeline infrastructure remain operational or is quickly remediated after an earthquake to minimise physical, social, and economical losses. Not much work has been carried out in understanding the effect of earthquakes on transportation infrastructure systems. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of earthquakes on the transportation infrastructure in Indonesia. This is achieved by firstly reviewing the frameworks and tools for conducting seismic risk assessment of lifeline infrastructure. The critical components of the transportation system are then identified. Various forms of transportation infrastructure damage caused by earthquakes are discussed. An overview of the damaging earthquakes for the past 20 years is presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are provided about the future work required for conducting risk assessment of the transportation infrastructure in Indonesia
Eco Drainage System for Surface Runoff Reduction in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumastuti Cilcia , Chandra Herry Pintardi , Wibisono Kristanto , Hartono Antonius Christopher
Published: April 2019

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) or eco-drainage system has been implemented in developed countries. The aims of the construction of the system are: to minimize surface runoff by capturing and temporarily retain it, to improve the quality of surface runoff, to infiltrate stormwater, to increase evapotranspiration, and to enhance landscape aesthetic value. Learning from the success of the implementation of SUDS in developed countries, the paper presents a model of eco-drainage system for residential area in Indonesia, which consists of rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) and retention ponds. A simulation of stormwater and surface runoff utilization is also presented. At 14,602.26 m2 bare land in Mojokerto Regency, East Java, which is transformed into residential area, the model of eco-drainage system could reduce surface runoff volume almost by 70%. It is recommended to adjust the dimension of rainwater storage tank and retention ponds in order to reduce more surface runoff volume.
Surface Reconstruction, Oxidation Mechanism, and Stability of Cd3As2
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Cupolillo Anna , Nappini Silvia , Bondino Federica , Edla Raju , Fabio Vito , Sankar Raman , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Chiarello Gennaro , Politano Antonio
Published: April 2019

Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) has recently attracted considerable interest for the presence of 3D massless Dirac fermions with ultrahigh mobility and magnetoresistance. However, its surface properties are currently largely unexplored both theoretically and experimentally, due to the very large unit cell and the challenging growth of single‐crystal samples, respectively. Here, by combining ab initio calculations with surface‐science spectroscopic experiments, the presence of a surface reconstruction is unveiled in centimeter‐scale (112)‐oriented Cd3As2 single‐crystal foils produced by the self‐selecting vapor growth. Outermost Cd atoms descend into the As‐sublayer with a subsequent self‐passivation of the dangling bonds with As atoms, forming the triangle lattice previously imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy. Moreover, the oxidation mechanism of this reconstructed surface, dominated by the formation of AsOCd bonds, is revealed. Interestingly, it is found that the band structure of the reconstructed surface of Cd3As2 is quite robust against surface oxidation. Both computational and experimental findings point to a successful exploitation in technology of Cd3As2 single crystals.
Phase‐Responsive Fourier Nanotransducers for Probing 2D Materials and Functional Interfaces
Authors: Kabashin Andrei V. , Kravets Vasyl G. , Wu Fan , Imaizumi Shinji , Shipunova Victoria O. , Deyev Sergey M. , Grigorenko Alexander N.
Published: April 2019

Light scattered by an object contains plethora information about the object which is distributed evenly among all possible Fourier components of light observed in the far‐field. There are some cases, however, where this information is accumulated in the light confined by the object and then encoded in just a few coherent optical beams. Here, Fourier nanotransducers based on 2D plasmonic metamaterials are introduced, which are capable of confining light in 2D plane contacting with a functional interface, gathering information about its properties, and then transmitting the information into discrete optical beams with amplified phase relations. It is shown that phase of light in such beams can be used for probing dynamic physical properties of 2D materials and performing bio/chemical sensing with unprecedented sensitivity. Using a Fourier transducer based on periodic gold nanostructures, ferroelectric response from a single atomic layer of MoS2 is resolved and studied for the first time, as well as the detection of important antibiotic chloramphenicol at fg mL−1 level is demonstrated, which several orders of magnitude better than reported in the literature. The implementation of phase‐responsive Fourier nanotransducers opens new avenues in exploration of emergent 2D structures and radical improvement of biosensing technology.
MoS2 Nanosheets Modified Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Sensitivity Enhancement
Authors: Chen Yaofei , Hu Shiqi , Wang Hao , Zhi Yanyan , Luo Yunhan , Xiong Xin , Dong Jiangli , Jiang Zhupeng , Zhu Wenguo , Qiu Wentao , Lu Huihui , Guan Heyuan , Zhong Yongchun , Yu Jianhui , Zhang Jun , Chen Zhe
Published: April 2019

Benefiting from the unique properties of MoS2 nanosheets including high electron mobility, quantum confinement, nanoscale thickness, etc., an effective way is proposed and demonstrated to enhance the refractive index sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, which is strongly desired all the time in the field of biochemical sensing. The SPR sensors are modified by the physical deposition of MoS2 nanosheets, and the sensitivity dependence on the number of deposition cycles is investigated experimentally. It is found that the sensitivity first increases and then declines with the increase of the number of deposition cycles, meaning an optimal thickness thus existing. By depositing MoS2 nanosheets for two cycles, the maximal sensitivity of 2793.5 nm RIU−1 (RIU: refractive index unit) can be achieved, which shows an enhancement of 30.67% compared with the case without any modification. Taking into account the evanescent field intensity and the propagation length, the experimental results can be well analyzed and explained. Simulation results show that the increase of MoS2 overlayers can enhance the intensity of electrical field penetrating into the analyte solution while reducing the propagation length, which collectively results in the nonmonotonic change of the sensitivity depending on deposition cycles.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Chan‐Lam N2‐Vinylation of 1,2,3‐Triazoles and Tetrazoles
Authors: Motornov Vladimir , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Lukashev Nikolay V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: April 2019

Copper‐catalyzed coupling of π‐deficient NH‐azoles with vinylboronic acids or vinyltrifluoroborate salt provides a direct route to N2‐vinyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and N2‐vinyltetrazoles. The coupling reaction is efficiently catalyzed by (phen)Cu(PPh3)Br with low catalyst loading (5 mol%) under base‐free conditions. The method is applicable for vinylation of unsubstituted, monosubstituted, and disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles with various functionalities with high N2‐selectivity.

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Peptide Tectonics: Encoded Structural Complementarity Dictates Programmable Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lou Shaofeng , Wang Xinmou , Yu Zhilin , Shi Linqi
Published: April 2019

Programmable self‐assembly of peptides into well‐defined nanostructures represents one promising approach for bioinspired and biomimetic synthesis of artificial complex systems and functional materials. Despite the progress made over the past two decades in the development of strategies for precise manipulation of the self‐assembly of peptides, there is a remarkable gap between current peptide assemblies and biological systems in terms of structural complexity and functions. Here, the concept of peptide tectonics for the creation of well‐defined nanostructures predominately driven by the complementary association at the interacting interfaces of tectons is introduced. Peptide tectons are defined as peptide building blocks exhibiting structural complementarity at the interacting interfaces of commensurate domains and undergoing programmable self‐assembly into defined supramolecular structures promoted by complementary interactions. Peptide tectons are categorized based on their conformational entropy and the underlying mechanism for the programmable self‐assembly of peptide tectons is highlighted focusing on the approaches for incorporating the structural complementarity within tectons. Peptide tectonics not only provides an alternative perspective to understand the self‐assembly of peptides, but also allows for precise manipulation of peptide interactions, thus leading to artificial systems with advanced complexity and functions and paves the way toward peptide‐related functional materials resembling natural systems.
Modulation of New Excitons in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide‐Perovskite Oxide System
Authors: Yin Xinmao , Yang Ming , Tang Chi Sin , Wang Qixing , Xu Lei , Wu Jing , Trevisanutto Paolo Emilio , Zeng Shengwei , Chin Xin Yu , Asmara Teguh Citra , Feng Yuan Ping , Ariando Ariando , Chhowalla Manish , Wang Shi Jie , Zhang Wenjing , Rusydi Andrivo , Wee Andrew T. S.
Published: April 2019

The exciton, a quasi‐particle that creates a bound state of an electron and a hole, is typically found in semiconductors. It has attracted major attention in the context of both fundamental science and practical applications. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a new class of 2D materials that include direct band‐gap semiconductors with strong spin–orbit coupling and many‐body interactions. Manipulating new excitons in semiconducting TMDs could generate a novel means of application in nanodevices. Here, the observation of high‐energy excitonic peaks in the monolayer‐MoS2 on a SrTiO3 heterointerface generated by a new complex mechanism is reported, based on a comprehensive study that comprises temperature‐dependent optical spectroscopies and first‐principles calculations. The appearance of these excitons is attributed to the change in many‐body interactions that occurs alongside the interfacial orbital hybridization and spin–orbit coupling brought about by the excitonic effect propagated from the substrate. This has further led to the formation of a Fermi‐surface feature at the interface. The results provide an atomic‐scale understanding of the heterointerface between monolayer‐TMDs and perovskite oxide and highlight the importance of spin–orbit–charge–lattice coupling on the intrinsic properties of atomic‐layer heterostructures, which open up a way to manipulate the excitonic effects in monolayer TMDs via an interfacial system.
Oxygen Release Degradation in Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Mechanisms and Mitigating Approaches
Authors: Sharifi‐Asl Soroosh , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza
Published: April 2019

Widespread application of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) in large‐scale transportation and grid storage systems requires highly stable and safe performance of the batteries in prolonged and diverse service conditions. Oxygen release from oxygen‐containing positive electrode materials is one of the major structural degradations resulting in rapid capacity/voltage fading of the battery and triggering the parasitic thermal runaway events. Herein, the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of the oxygen release phenomena and correlative structural degradations observed in four major groups of cathode materials: layered, spinel, olivine, and Li‐rich cathodes. In addition, the engineering and materials design approaches that improve the structural integrity of the cathode materials and minimize the detrimental O2 evolution reaction are summarized. The authors believe that this review can guide researchers on developing mitigation strategies for the design of next‐generation oxygen‐containing cathode materials where the oxygen release is no longer a major degradation issue.
Lewis‐Säure‐dirigierte regioselektive Metallierungen an Pyridazin
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Jangra Harish , Lenz Tobias , Ebeling Marian , Zipse Hendrik , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2019

Ein‐ oder zweizähnige Lewis‐Säuren leiten eine regioselektive Magnesierung oder Zinkierung an Pyridazin in Position C3 (ortho‐Produkt) oder C4 (meta‐Produkt) ein. Die Regioselektivität der Metallierung wurde mithilfe der berechneten pKs‐Werte von sowohl Pyridazin als auch den Pyridazin‐Lewis‐Säure‐Komplexen erklärt.
Advances in the Cathode Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lee Wontae , Muhammad Shoaib , Sergey Chernov , Lee Hayeon , Yoon Jaesang , Kang Yong‐Mook , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: April 2019

The accelerating development of technologies requires a significant energy consumption, and consequently the demand for advanced energy storage devices is increasing at a high rate. In the last two decades, lithium‐ion batteries have been the most robust technology, supplying high energy and power density. Improving cathode materials is one of the ways to satisfy the need for even better batteries. Therefore developing new types of positive electrode materials by increasing cell voltage and capacity with stability is the best way towards the next‐generation Li rechargeable batteries. To achieve this goal, understanding the principles of the materials and recognizing the problems confronting the state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials are essential prerequisites. This Review presents various high‐energy cathode materials which can be used to build next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. It includes nickel and lithium‐rich layered oxide materials, high voltage spinel oxides, polyanion, cation disordered rock‐salt oxides and conversion materials. Particular emphasis is given to the general reaction and degradation mechanisms during the operation as well as the main challenges and strategies to overcome the drawbacks of these materials.
Lewis Acid Directed Regioselective Metalations of Pyridazine
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Jangra Harish , Lenz Tobias , Ebeling Marian , Zipse Hendrik , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2019

Mono‐ or bidentate boron Lewis acids trigger a regioselective magnesiation or zincation of pyridazine in position C3 (ortho product) or C4 (meta product). The regioselectivity of the metalation was rationalized with the help of calculated pKa values of both pyridazine and pyridazine/Lewis acid complexes.
Dissecting intratumoral myeloid cell plasticity by single cell RNA‐seq
Authors: Song Qianqian , Hawkins Gregory A. , Wudel Leonard , Chou Ping‐Chieh , Forbes Elizabeth , Pullikuth Ashok K. , Liu Liang , Jin Guangxu , Craddock Lou , Topaloglu Umit , Kucera Gregory , O’Neill Stacey , Levine Edward A. , Sun Peiqing , Watabe Kounosuke , Lu Yong , Alexander‐Miller Martha A. , Pasche Boris , Miller Lance D. , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2019

Tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells are the most abundant leukocyte population within tumors. Molecular cues from the tumor microenvironment promote the differentiation of immature myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. However, the in situ dynamics of the transcriptional reprogramming underlying this process are poorly understood. Therefore, we applied single cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) to computationally investigate the cellular composition and transcriptional dynamics of tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 4 early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our scRNA‐seq analyses identified 11 485 cells that varied in identity and gene expression traits between normal and tumor tissues. Among these, myeloid cell populations exhibited the most diverse changes between tumor and normal tissues, consistent with tumor‐mediated reprogramming. Through trajectory analysis, we identified a differentiation path from CD14+ monocytes to M2 macrophages (monocyte‐to‐M2). This differentiation path was reproducible across patients, accompanied by increased expression of genes (eg, MRC1/CD206, MSR1/CD204, PPARG, TREM2) with significantly enriched functions (Oxidative phosphorylation and P53 pathway) and decreased expression of genes (eg, CXCL2, IL1B) with significantly enriched functions (TNF‐α signaling via NF‐κB and inflammatory response). Our analysis further identified a co‐regulatory network implicating upstream transcription factors (JUN, NFKBIA) in monocyte‐to‐M2 differentiation, and activated ligand‐receptor interactions (eg, SFTPA1‐TLR2, ICAM1‐ITGAM) suggesting intratumoral mechanisms whereby epithelial cells stimulate monocyte‐to‐M2 differentiation. Overall, our study identified the prevalent monocyte‐to‐M2 differentiation in NSCLC, accompanied by an intricate transcriptional reprogramming mediated by specific transcriptional activators and intercellular crosstalk involving ligand‐receptor interactions.
Modeling Emulsification in Static Mixers: Equilibrium Correlations versus Population Balance Equations
Authors: Lebaz Noureddine , Sheibat-Othman Nida
Published: April 2019

Two different modeling approaches are adopted to model turbulent breakage during continuous emulsification in static mixers. First, a correlation is developed to predict the droplet mean diameter. Second, a population balance equation (PBE) is applied to track the droplet size distribution (DSD) using two different breakage kernels. The performances of the two approaches are assessed against a large number of experimental data. The correlation is fast to develop and is found to be capable of predicting the mean diameter with an acceptable accuracy while the PBE‐based model gives an excellent prediction of the entire DSD.
Self‐Assembly of Macrocyclic Boronic Esters Bearing Tellurophene Moieties and Their Guest‐Responsive Phosphorescence
Authors: Takahashi Kohei , Shimo Shunsuke , Hupf Emanuel , Ochiai Junichi , Braun Christina A. , Torres Delgado William , Xu Letian , He Gang , Rivard Eric , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: April 2019

Guest‐controlled diastereoselective self‐assembly of a diboryltellurophene and a chiral tetrol bearing an indacene backbone was achieved to give either hetero‐ or homochiral macrocyclic boronic esters, selectively. The heterochiral isomer (hetero‐[2+2]Te) exhibited a higher inclusion ability for electron‐deficient aromatic guests, leading to effective quenching of phosphorescence from the diboryltellurophene moieties. The reported macrocycles collectively represent a promising arene sensing approach based on phosphorescence.
Synthesis of Host‐Guest Hematite Photoelectrodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Francisco Filipe , Dias Paula , Ivanou Dzmitry , Santos Fátima , Azevedo João , Mendes Adélio
Published: April 2019

Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is a promising semiconductor for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, due to its abundance, low‐cost and excellent stability. However, the efficiency of α‐Fe2O3 photoelectrodes has been limited by its low hole mobility and fast electron‐hole recombination. Host‐guest architectures have emerged as a suitable design, which involves the use of a nanostructured collector for high solar absorption while maintaining an ultrathin absorber layer for better charge transport. In this study, a thin mesoporous SiO2 host template coated with a conductive thin layer of TiO2 was optimized to support the α‐Fe2O3 film. The α‐Fe2O3 thin layer was deposited by spray pyrolysis and then coated with a FeNiOOH co‐catalyst. A photocurrent improvement of ca. 85% over planar α‐Fe2O3 thin film reference was registered demonstrating the potential of this host‐guest approach.
Syntheses and analytical characterizations of the research chemical 1‐[1‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]pyrrolidine (fluorolintane) and five of its isomers
Authors: Dybek Michael , Wallach Jason , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Colestock Tristan , Filemban Nadine , Dowling Geraldine , Westphal Folker , Elliott Simon P. , Adejare Adeboye , Brandt Simon D.
Published: April 2019

A number of substances based on the 1,2‐diarylethylamine template have been investigated for various potential clinical applications whereas others have been encountered as research chemicals sold for non‐medical use. Some of these substances have transpired to function as NMDA receptor antagonists that elicit dissociative effects in people who use these substances recreationally. 1‐[1‐(2‐Fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]pyrrolidine (fluorolintane, 2‐F‐DPPy) has recently appeared as a research chemical, which users report has dissociative effects. One common difficulty encountered by stakeholders confronting the appearance of new psychoactive substances is the presence of positional isomers. In the case of fluorolintane, the presence of the fluorine substituent on either the phenyl and benzyl moieties of the 1,2‐diarylethylamine structure results in a total number of six possible racemic isomers, namely 2‐F‐, 3‐F‐, and 4‐F‐DPPy (phenyl ring substituents) and 2”‐F‐, 3”‐F‐, and 4”‐F‐DPPy (benzyl ring substituents). The present study reports the chemical syntheses and comprehensive analytical characterizations of the two sets of three positional isomers. These studies included various low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry platforms, gas‐ and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and GC‐condensed phase and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyses. The differentiation between each set of three isomers was possible under a variety of experimental conditions including GC chemical ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the [M + H – HF]+ species. The latter MS method was particularly helpful as it revealed distinct formations of product ions for each of the six investigated substances.
Differences in long‐term physical activity trajectories among individuals with chronic widespread pain: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martin Kathryn R. , Druce Katie L. , Murdoch Sarah E. , D'Ambruoso Lucia , Macfarlane Gary J.
Published: April 2019

Background

Little is known about long‐term physical activity (PA) maintenance in those with chronic widespread pain (CWP) following an exercise intervention. This study examined PA over time to identify the existence and characteristics of subgroups following distinct PA trajectories.

Methods

Data come from individuals with CWP who took part in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial, receiving either exercise or both exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy treatment. Information, including self‐report PA, was collected at baseline recruitment, immediately post‐intervention, 3, 24 and 60+ month post‐treatment. Analyses were conducted on 196 men and women with ≥ 3 PA data points. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify latent PA trajectory groups and baseline characteristics (e.g., demographics, pain, self‐rated health, fatigue, coping‐strategy use and kinesiophobia) of these groups.

Results

The best fitting model identified was one with three trajectories: “non‐engagers” (n = 32), “maintainers” (n = 144) and “super‐maintainers” (n = 20). Overall, mean baseline PA levels were significantly different between groups (non‐engagers: 1.1; maintainers: 4.6; super‐maintainers: 8.6, p < 0.001) and all other follow‐up points. Non‐engagers reported, on average, greater BMI, higher disabling chronic pain, poorer self‐rated health, physical functioning, as well as greater use of passive coping strategies and lower use of active coping strategies.

Conclusions

The majority of individuals with CWP receiving exercise as part of a trial were identified as long‐term PA maintainers. Participants with poorer physical health and coping response to symptoms were identified as non‐engagers. For optimal symptom management, a stratified approach may enhance initiation and long‐term PA maintenance in individuals with CWP.

Significance

Chronic pain can be a major barrier to engaging in exercise, a popular self‐management strategy. Our findings identify three distinct long‐term physical activity trajectories for individuals receiving the same exercise intervention. This suggests an approach by health care providers which identifies individuals who would benefit from additional support to enhance initiation and long‐term physical activity maintenance could deliver better outcomes for such patients.
On the role of solid particles in CO2 bubble nucleation for solvent regeneration of MEA‐based CO2 capture technology
Authors: Liu Menglong , Tang Siyang , Ma Kui , Liu Changjun , Yue Hairong , Liang Bin
Published: April 2019

Monoethanolamine (MEA) solution has been used widely in the post‐combustion CO2 capture process; however, the high heat duty and reaction temperature (e.g. 125°C) for MEA regeneration leads to a high energy requirement (nearly 70–80% of the total running cost). We report the use of solid particles (H‐Zeolite Socony Mobile‐5 (HZSM‐5), quartz, and activated carbon) to facilitate the mass transfer of CO2 bubble nucleation and enhance the CO2 desorption rate. The results show that the mass transfer of CO2 from liquid phase to gas phase is the rate‐determining step, rather than the chemical reaction. The addition of HZSM‐5 particles in the solution significantly enhanced CO2 bubble nucleation by providing nucleation sites and gas cavities, leading to an average CO2 desorption rate enhancement of 43.2%, and an energy consumption reduction of 23.3%. This process also operated at ∼95°C, which is a much lower temperature than that used in the commercial process and is feasible for industrial applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated segmentation of medial temporal lobe subregions on in vivo T1‐weighted MRI in early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xie Long , Wisse Laura E. M. , Pluta John , de Flores Robin , Piskin Virgine , Manjón Jose V. , Wang Hongzhi , Das Sandhitsu R. , Ding Song‐Lin , Wolk David A. , Yushkevich Paul A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2019

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures are the earliest regions affected by neurofibrillary tangle pathology—and thus are promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, automatic segmentation of the MTL using only T1‐weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the large anatomical variability of the MTL cortex and the confound of the dura mater, which is commonly segmented as gray matter by state‐of‐the‐art algorithms because they have similar intensity in T1w MRI. To address these challenges, we developed a novel atlas set, consisting of 15 cognitively normal older adults and 14 patients with mild cognitive impairment with a label explicitly assigned to the dura, that can be used by the multiatlas automated pipeline (Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields [ASHS‐T1]) for the segmentation of MTL subregions, including anterior/posterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (ERC), Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, and parahippocampal cortex on T1w MRI. Cross‐validation experiments indicated good segmentation accuracy of ASHS‐T1 and that the dura can be reliably separated from the cortex (6.5% mislabeled as gray matter). Conversely, FreeSurfer segmented majority of the dura mater (62.4%) as gray matter and the degree of dura mislabeling decreased with increasing disease severity. To evaluate its clinical utility, we applied the pipeline to T1w images of 663 ADNI subjects and significant volume/thickness loss is observed in BA35, ERC, and posterior hippocampus in early prodromal AD and all subregions at later stages. As such, the publicly available new atlas and ASHS‐T1 could have important utility in the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD and enhancing brain‐behavior studies of these regions.
Predictors and processes of satisfaction with work–family balance: Examining the role of personal, work, and family resources and conflict and enrichment
Authors: Wayne Julie H. , Matthews Russell , Crawford Wayne , Casper Wendy J.
Published: April 2019

Drawing from resource‐based theories, we conduct two studies to investigate the unique and relative importance of personal (e.g., resilience, proactive health behaviors), work, and family resources (i.e., enriched job and family roles, work and family support) to balance satisfaction, and the mediating roles of conflict and enrichment. We test our hypotheses in Study 1 using a cross‐sectional survey of 216 employees and in Study 2 using a time‐lagged survey over 3 months with 220 employees. Across both studies, work and family resources (e.g., enriched job and family characteristics, work and family support) were positively related to balance satisfaction. In general, work resources were more relevant to balance satisfaction than were personal or family resources. In terms of processes, work resources relate to less work‐to‐family conflict and greater work‐to‐family enrichment which in turn, relate to greater balance. In contrast, the family‐to‐work directions of conflict and enrichment were just weakly related to balance. Across the two studies, findings regarding the role of personal resources were mixed. We discuss how these findings expand our understanding of work–family balance and the practical implications for human resource practitioners.
Mutational landscape of penile squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Wang Ke , Chen Yuanbin , Zhou Juan , Liang Ye , Yang Xuecheng , Li Xiaoqi , Cao Yanwei , Wang Dong , Luo Lei , Li Bin , Li Dan , Wang Liping , Liang Zhijuan , Gao Chengwen , Wang Qifeng , Lv Qiang , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Yongyong , Niu Haitao
Published: April 2019

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a malignancy that affects the skin and tissues of the penis, but the knowledge of pathogenesis and carcinogenesis is limited. Here, we characterize the PSCC genomic landscape using whole‐exome sequencing. Of the 30 paired blood and tumor samples, we identified recurrent mutations in 11 genes; confirmed previous findings for FAT1 (4/30), HRAS (4/30), NOTCH1 (4/30), TP53 (3/30) and PIK3CA (3/30); and revealed novel candidate driver genes [CASP8 (4/30), SLITRK2 (3/30), FLG (3/30) and TRRAP (3/30)]. Our in vitro experiments suggested CASP8 was involved in mediating TRAIL‐induced apoptosis of penile cancer cell lines. We also observed the frequently altered pathways for potential therapeutic implications: alterations in the Notch (30% of sample altered), RTK–RAS (26.7% altered) and Hippo (23.3% altered) pathways accounted for over 50% of tumors. The frequently altered genes (>10%) in these pathways were proved to be expressed in penile tumors by immunohistochemistry assay. These findings provide new insight into the mutational and pathway landscapes of PSCC and suggest potential novel therapeutic opportunities for this malignancy.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on metal–organic framework based on copper, zinc, and imidazole coated poly‐l‐lactic acid nanofiber scaffolds
Authors: Telgerd M. D. , Sadeghinia Mohammad , Birhanu Gebremariam , Daryasari M. P. , Zandi‐Karimi Ali , Sadeghinia Ali , Akbarijavar Hamid , Karami M. H. , Seyedjafari Ehsan
Published: April 2019

The presence of inorganic bioactive minerals with polymers can accelerate and promote several processes including: bone cell joining, proliferation, differentiation, and expression of osteogenic proteins. In this study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and imidazole metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles were synthesized and coated over poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. The surface and bioactive features of the scaffolds were characterized. The osteogenic potential of the scaffolds on human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated. Zn–Cu imidazole MOF coated PLLA scaffolds (PLLA@MOF) showed a comparable rate of MSC proliferation with the pure PLLA scaffolds and tissue culture plate (TCP). However, the PLLA@MOF potential of osteogenic differentiation was significantly greater than either pristine PLLA scaffolds or TCP. Hence, coating Zn–Cu imidazole MOF has a significant effect on the osteogenesis of MSC. Therefore, PLLA@MOF is novel scaffolds with bioactive components which are crucial for osteoconductivity and also able to provoke the osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
LncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 regulates cancer cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in triple‐negative breast cancer by interacting with each other
Authors: Liu Ai‐Na , Qu Hua‐Jun , Gong Wen‐Jing , Xiang Jin‐Yu , Yang Miao‐Miao , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2019

Long–non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) AWPPH promotes the progression of liver and bladder cancer, indicating its oncogenic role. The current study aimed to explore the involvement of AWPPH in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the current study, we found that plasma levels of lncRNA AWPPH and microRNA‐21 (miRNA‐21) were upregulated in patients with TNBC than in healthy controls, and the upregulation of plasma lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 distinguished early‐stage patients with TNBC from healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 were significantly and positively correlated in both patients with TNBC and healthy controls. LncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 overexpression led to promoted cancer cells proliferation and improved cancer cell viability under carboplatin treatment, while lncRNA AWPPH small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing played an opposite role. In addition, miRNA‐21 overexpression attenuated the effects of lncRNA AWPPH siRNA silencing on of cancer cell behaviors. LncRNA AWPPH overexpression led to upregulated miRNA‐21 in TNBC cells, while miRNA‐21 overexpression also led to significantly upregulated lncRNA AWPPH expression. Therefore, lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 may regulate cancer cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in TNBC by interacting with each other.