bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of oyster mushroom on different agricultural wastes
Authors:   Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan., Baig Shahjahan , Saleem Mushtaq ,   Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan., Zia Sadia ,   Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan.
Published: May 2024

Oyster mushrooms are the best known due to their nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on pretreated lignocellulosic agricultural wastes comprising of corn cobs, rice straw and ground nut shells. Agricultural waste conserves finite phosphate resources and embedded energy from industrial nitrogen fixation. It is also a way of sustainable food production. A dense white mass of mushroom mycelium colonized the substrate within 17 days of incubation at 300C in dark phase. Subsequently, massive fructification appeared within 50 to 60 days in light phase after spawning. The study was further extended to repeated-harvest and maximum average yield of mushroom obtained was 197.8 g/Kg of dried corn cobs, followed by rice straw and ground nut shells. The yield was drastically reduced after third harvest and not noteworthy, which might be attributed to the exhaustion of nutritional constituents of substrates available for growing mushroom.
Assessment of population structure and genetic diversity study of landraces and elite rice varieties commonly grown in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology P. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria., Olorunfemi A. , Adegbaju M. S. ,   Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology P. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University South Africa., Akinyele B. O. ,   Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology P. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria., Osekita O. S. ,   Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba- Akoko, Nigeria., Fayeun L. S. ,   Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology P. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria., Komolafe O. B ,   Division of Plant Physiology, India Agricultural Research Institute, IARI Pusa, India.
Published: May 2024

A set of 21 rice genotypes including both elite varieties and landraces were characterised based on their population structure using genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) markers. A model-based method was used to delineate clusters of individuals based on their genotypes at multiple loci using a Bayesian approach. The population structure analysis separated the 21 genotypes into 3 sub-populations and the grouping were consistent with the ancestral heritage of most of the genotypes whose pedigree is known. Whereas, further clustering analysis based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), separated the 21 genotypes into 5 clusters. The reason for the disparity in the number clusters may be because of the different grouping methods. The knowledge obtained from both population structure and genetic diversity of the selected rice genotypes is an important contribution to future development of rice varieties for deferent agro-ecological zones in Nigeria.
Isolation and characterization of bioactive phytochemicals from chloroform extract of Adenodolichos paniculatus (hua) Hutch. & Dalz (Fabaceae)
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria., Kyahar I. F. , Onwuliri A. E. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria., Ehinmidu J. O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., Oladosu P. O. ,   Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research  and Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Phytochemicals are the chemicals extracted from plants which make them significant source of drugs with potential for thousands of years. Adenodolichos paniculatus have been observed to have some medicinal applications. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize some bioactive phytochemicals from the chloroform root extract of A. paniculatus which may justify its use by traditional healers. A. paniculatus roots were collected, identified, dried and pulverized. The pulverized plant material was subjected to serial exhaustive extraction using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Vacuum liquid chromatography of the chloroform root extract led to a number of fractions. TLC analysis was used to study the different fractions. This isolation and purification afforded a dark orange liquid which was subjected to physical spectroscopic identification using IR and GC-MS. The major phytochemicals identified were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), undecanoic acid, 10-bromo-(10-bromoudecanoic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) and n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid). These findings support the traditional use of Adenodolichos paniculatus in various diseases treatments specifically sore throat infections.
Development of novel lozenges tablets containing chloroform root extract of Adenodolichos paniculatus (hua) Hutch. & Dalz (Fabaceae)
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria., Kyahar I. F. , Onwuliri A. E. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria., Ehinmidu J. O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria., Oladosu P.O. ,   Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Medicinal plants have been widely used as a source of medicine to combat ailments including infectious disease and may constitute a reservoir of new antimicrobial substances to be developed. Adenodolichos paniculatus is a medicinal plant widely used for the traditional remedy of coughs, dysentery, diarrhea and sore throat infections. The aim of this study was to formulate Adenodolichos paniculatus chloroform root extract as a novel lozenge tablet and to evaluate their antibacterial and tablet parameters. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as the test bacteria. The extract was formulated into Lozenge tablets using wet granulation method with gelatin and sucrose as binder and diluent respectively. Uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, bacterial susceptibility tests were conducted on two batches of formulated Lozenges of 25 and 50 mg and a reference standard formulation, StrepsilsR, containing Amylmetacresol (0.6 mg) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (2 mg). Results showed that both batches passed the tablet weight uniformity test with mean crushing strengths of 10.4 and 13.1 KgF, respectively. S. pyogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were susceptible to both batches with inhibition zones ranging from 18.00-25.50, 16.00-21.50 and 9.00-12.00 mm and 22.00-26.50, 20.50-23.00 and 10.00-13.00 mm respectively. The bacterial susceptibility compared favorably with the standard formulation as the difference between the inhibition zone diameters of each test bacteria and the standard formulation was not statistically significant (p˃0.05). The result indicated that there was a delayed release of the extract from the test lozenges with batch 1 (25 mg) being from 30 minutes and batch 2 (50 mg) from 60 minutes compared to that of the standard formulation which had immediate drug release at 5 minutes. The method used for the formulation and the sticky nature of the extract might not allow and promote the immediate release of the antibacterial extract from the dosage form.
Comparative study on the growth rate and physico-chemical properties of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using Zea mays l. (corn) and Triticum asetivum l. (wheat) flour substrates
Authors:   Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Achugbu Adaeze Nnedinma , Emeka Goodness Ebubechukwu ,   Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Ilodibia Chinyere Veronica ,   Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Achugbu Obioma Erochukwu ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Significance of yeasts in food technology as well as in human nutrition, as alternative sources of protein to cover the demands in a world of low agricultural production and rapidly increasing population, makes the production of food grade yeasts important. The comparative study on the growth rate and physicochemical properties of yeast was carried out using corn and wheat flour substrates. 50 g of wheat and corn flour each was weighed into a calibrated culture plastic rubber. 120 ml of distilled water was added with 5 ml of lemon juice. The sample was stirred and kept under room temperature at 26°C. The growth of the yeast were observed every three days for two weeks and recorded in millimetre. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture grown using corn flour gave a mean growth of 12.18±0.38 for the first week and 15.24±1.21 for the second week. On the other hand, the growth of yeast produced from wheat flour gave 8.29±0.35 and 10.46±1.23 for first and second week respectively. The result also showed that yeast produced from corn flour grew rapidly than the wheat flour. The acid value of yeast produced from corn flour was 17.95 mgKOH/g, saponification value of 9.5 mgKOH/g, ester value of 164.37 mgKOH/g, iodine value of 87.63 gI2/100g, peroxide value of 16.0 mEq/kg, free fatty-acid of 9.02%, refractive index of 1.50, specific gravity of 0.902, density of 5 g/cm3 and pH of 5, while yeast produced from wheat flour had an acid value of 14.3 mgKOH/g, saponification value of 5.3 mgKOH/g, ester value of 152.1 mgKOH/g, iodine value of 66.0 gI2/100g, peroxide value of 10.1 mEq/kg, free fatty-acid of 5.2%, refractive index of 0.6, specific gravity of 0.561, density of 3.2 g/cm3 and pH of 5. The result showed that the physico-chemical properties of yeast produced from corn flour were higher than that produced from wheat flour with p value of 0.001.
Consumption of some Nigerian local rice varieties and effect on development of insulin resistance and obesity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Shehu Shaayau , Yahaya Salisu Yusuf ,   Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Qalam University, Katsina, Nigeria., Malami Ibrahim ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Imam Mustapha Umar ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

There is evidence to suggest that the increased incidence of insulin resistance and obesity is associated with the consumption of energy-dense and highly processed foods like polished rice. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of consumption of selected local rice varieties on some markers of insulin resistance and obesity using Drosophila melanogaster. Five different local rice varieties (Jamila, Kwandala, Mai-bakin carki, Yar-katabore and Yar-washagi) were subjected to proximate composition analysis, which showed that the unpolished local varieties had a better deposit of nutrients. Thereafter, adult flies were raised on diets containing either polished or unpolished forms of the five different local rice varieties for seven days and thereafter, analysed for weight and locomotor ability, as well as the levels of glucose, trehalose, glycogen and triglycerides in the hemolymph and expression levels of ACC and Pepck genes. Drosophila melanogaster flies on the polished rice groups showed increased weight, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, compared to those on the unpolished rice (p<0.05). Changes in gene expression were in line with the biochemical changes. The study, thus, suggested that the substitution of polished with unpolished local rice may reduce the risk of insulin resistance and obesity, as well as their related complications.
Modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore by Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs)-Loaded Transferrin Conjugated Nanoparticles
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria., Avan Erhunmwunsee Dalton , Ngozi Paulinus Okolie ,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria., Ojowu Johhn Ojowu ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Markudi, Benue State, Nigeria., Faluyi Ezekiel ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Making the optimal cancer treatment choice can be challenging and more challenging is harnessing the therapeutic potential of bioactive molecules isolated from plants. The mitochondrion is the main organelle of oxidative stress in cells. Increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a key phenomenon in cell death. The protein transferrin (Tf) was conjugated to the NPs with the role to actively targeting them to the cancerous cells. Peg-GNPs, Tf-GNPs, Peg-G-ACGs and Tf-Peg-G-ACGs were successfully synthesized by probe sonication method and yielded NPs with size about 100 nm, with polydispersity index around 0.20 and a negative zeta potential of about − 30 mV. Mitochondria, isolated from rat liver were exposed to different concentrations of Tf-peg-G-ACGs. Their ability to induce mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening were assessed spectrophotometrically. In the absence of CaCl2, Tf-peg-G-ACGs caused a concentration-dependent induction of mPT pore opening by 13, 11.3, 8.7, and 2.7 folds, at concentrations 10, 20,50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively, when compared with the control with no attendant inhibitory activity which was intensified in the presence of Calcium to 22, 19.7, 15 and 8.3 folds at concentrations 10, 20,50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Tf-peg-G-ACGs showed improved ability to induced mitochondrial membrane pore opening which can be explored for the treatment of cancer.
Investigating the breeding habitats and kdr allele frequency of malaria vectors in Anambra Central Senatorial Zone, Southeast Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka 420102, Anambra State, Nigeria., Ogbuefi Emmanuel O. , Aribodor Dennis N. ,   Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka 420102, Anambra State, Nigeria., Oyeniyi Tolulope A. ,   Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos 101212, Lagos State, Nigeria., Obiefula Emmanuel I. ,   Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka 420102, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Malaria, transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, is a parasitic disease of major public health importance in Nigeria. Various classes of insecticides have played significant role in the control and elimination of malaria by attacking the vectors. Unfortunately, the success of the use of insecticides in the control of malaria vectors is threatened by the emergence of insecticidal resistance. This study was therefore aimed at determining the resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s. l. in communities in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria. Larval samples were collected from diverse habitats and reared to adult for susceptibility test. Target site resistance assays were carried out and genotypic differentiation test was performed to assess variability of the allelic frequencies of the kdr (L1014F) mutation. The results showed that Anopheles gambiae was the predominant vector (54.2%), followed by Anopheles coluzzii (45.8%). The distribution of the frequency of resistant allele of the kdr gene F (L1014F) showed that the number of homozygous resistant genotype (RR) in Awka North LGA for An. gambiae and An. coluzzii species was highest (31), followed by Awka South (20), and Njikoka (5) LGAs. Also, the number of Heterozygous resistant genotype (Rr) was highest in Awka South (7), followed by Awka North (2), and none was recorded in Njikoka LGA. Homozygous resistant genotype (RR) was frequently observed in the three study areas of Anambra State and is a threat to the use of pyrethroids for insecticidal control of malaria vectors. There is an urgent need for implementation of insecticide resistance management and monitoring in Anambra State to assess the spread of resistance which may expand malaria vector resistance to the remaining classes of insecticides (organophosphates and carbamates) on the long run.
Role of phytohormone on in vitro regeneration of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]
Authors:   MS student, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh., Koly Mokaram Hanifa , Hoque Md. Ekramul ,   Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh., Khatun Khadiza ,   Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh., Jannat Kazi Meftahul ,   MS student, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh., Islam Md. Rafiqul ,   Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
Published: May 2024

Phytohormones are small molecules present in very low concentrations in plants and provide a promising strategy to improve mass culture biotechnology due to their intrinsic role in growth, development, and survival. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction and shoot regeneration in tea. The experiment was conducted at Complete Randomize Design (CRD) with three replications. Callus induction and shoot regeneration was done by using Murashige & Skoog (MS) media supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Benzyl Adenine (BA), and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D). Shoot tips and nodal segments were used as explant. The highest percentage (86.51%) of callus induction was observed in the combined treatment of 2.00 milligram per litre (mg/L) BA + 1.50 mg/L 2, 4-D in 2.12 weeks. The same treatment produced the highest weight of calli, which was 0.18, 0.56, and 1.11 grams (g) for 6, 10, and 14 weeks after inoculation (WAI), respectively. The highest percentage (84.39%) of shoot induction was recorded with 2.00 mg/L BA + 2.00 mg/L NAA in 32.43 days. The maximum number (1.42, 2.46, and 4.49) and the highest length of the shoot (1.41, 3.28, and 4.61 cm) at 60, 90, and 120 DAI (days after inoculation) were also recorded from the same treatment. No callus or shoot induction was recorded in the controlled treatment. The protocol developed from the present study might be useful for the large-scale production of healthy, disease-free planting material for tea.
Physicochemical parameters and plankton diversity in water from selected ponds within Makurdi Metropolis
Authors:   Department of Physics, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria., Ode Omenka Samuel , Shima N. Judith ,   Department of Biological Science, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria., Odo Joel Inya ,   Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria., Amuta Enemy Victoria ,   Department of Biological Science, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Physicochemical parameters and plankton diversity in water from five (5) selected ponds was investigated. In the investigation, some physicochemical parameters of water, the composition and abundance of plankton were determined. Some of the parameters include temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates and phosphate. The samples were collected and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi for analysis. The preserved plankton samples were observed using a digital Celestron compound microscope and digital Celestron cosmos dissecting microscope. A combination of keys and guides provided were used for identification of the plankton species. A total of 13 different plankton species, with a total abundance of 308 were observed. The most abundant species was Chlorella vulgaris with an abundance of 85 and was observed in all three pond types. This was followed by Scenedesmus acutus (45) which was observed only in the concrete and liner ponds. Paramecium was next and was observed only in the earthen and concrete ponds. The rest of the plankton species were observed in only one pond type. The physicochemical parameters for the selected earthen, concrete and liner ponds were also selected. The pH and dissolved oxygen were observed to be higher in the concrete pond and lowering the liner pond. The electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid were however lower in the concrete pond and higher in the earthen pond, both the temperature and turbidity were higher in the liner pond and lower in the earthen pond. The phosphate concentration was also higher in the linear pond and lower in the earthen pond, while the concentration of Nitrite was equal in both earthen and concrete pond with no amount observed in the liner pond.
Acute toxicity profile of crude methanolic stem bark extract of Parkia biglobosa in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Mewar International University (MIU), Masaka, Nasarawa State, Nigeria., Josiah James Gana , Adama John Yisa ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.,   Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety (ACEMFS), Federal University of Technology Minna,  Niger State, Nigeria., Etta Hannah Edim ,   Department of Animal and environmental Biology, Cross River Universityof Technology, Calaber,  Cross River State, Nigeria., Imoisi Chinyere ,   Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mewar International University (MIU), Masaka, Nasarawa State, Nigeria., Jiya Zipporah ,   Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Despite the high demand for herbal medicines for treatment of health disorder, there are still concerns associated with not only their use, but their safety. This study was aimed at providing information on the potential toxicity profile of the stem bark extracts of P. biglobosa in goats. For this purpose, the stem bark parts of P. biglobosa were collected and processed. The acute toxicity, biochemical and histopathological analysis in goats were determined. The results of phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, oils, phlobatannins, reducing sugar, saponins and tannins (condensed and hydrolysable). The results of acute toxicity studies showed no mortality with up to 5000 mg/ kg of the body weight. The blood collected revealed that, CMSBE has no significant (p>0.05) effect on biochemical parameters of WAD goats. However, there were slight changes in glucose concentration, cholesterol and triglyceride level, though they were no statistically significant (p>0.05). The extracts did not also have deleterious effect on morphology of the tissues observed during histopathology. The study has scientifically established that, stem bark extract of P. biglobosa have LD50 that is greater than 5,000 mg/kg and it can be inferred that the plant might have a wide margin of safety typical of treatment of some diseases. It is therefore recommended that despite the non-toxicity as demonstrated in this present study, detailed toxic and pharmacological effects of the extracts of P. biglobosa stem bark in other animals should be investigated.
Evaluating the effectiveness of various remediation therapies on the engineering properties of oil-contaminated soils
Authors:   Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology,  Ozoro, Delta State Nigeria., Akwenuke O. M. , Asibeluo U. N. ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro,  Delta State Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study was embarked upon to ascertain the effectiveness of using physical and biological remediation procedures to amend the impact of oil pollution on soil engineering properties. Soil contaminated with crude oil at a mix ratio of 20:1 (percentage by weight), was remediated with charcoal (C2), charcoal + seaweed extract + groundnut plant (C3), and charcoal + wood ash + groundnut plant (C4). During the procedure, the soil’s total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level was determined through American Public Health Association (APHA) approved procedures; while the geotechnical (maximum dry density “MDD”, optimal moisture content “OMC, and California bearing ratio “CBR”) and electrical properties (electrical conductivity “EC”, dielectric constant “ɛʹ, and electrical resistivity “ρ”) were measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved procedures. The results depicted that the TPH, ɛʹ and ρ-values of the contaminated soil samples declined by 56.71%, 82.01% and 72.80%; 31.65%, 36.85% and 19.92%; and 56.32%, 62.03% and 60.27%, respectively in the C2, C3 and C4 samples after the remediation program; while the soil EC increased by 103.45%, 145.68% and 135.34% in the C2, C3 and C4 samples, respectively. Likewise, the C2, C3 and C4 samples CBR, MDD and OMC values increased by 29.49%, 34.75% and 50.30%; 7.87%, 11.02% and 4.72; and 12.02%, 28.01% and 40.38%, respectively at the end of the experimental period. These findings portrayed that hybridized remediation therapies are better remediating techniques in remediating contaminated soils; hence sustaining the integrity of the soils’ geotechnical and electrical properties.
Prevalence and management of neonatal jaundice in a hospital, Jos-Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Management, Federal College of Medical Laboratory Science & Technology, Jos-Nigeria., Etukudoh Nkereuwem Sunday , Obeta Uchejeso Mark ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Management, Federal College of Medical Laboratory Science & Technology, Jos-Nigeria., Garang Mabweh John ,   Department of General Practice/ Family Medicine, National Hospital Abuja-Nigeria., Ejinaka Obiora Reginald ,   Department of Medical Parasitology & Entomology, Federal College of Medical Laboratory Science & Technology, Jos-Nigeria., Ibanga Imoh ,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal College of Medical Laboratory Science & Technology, Jos-Nigeria., Kuruyang Tompe Akawu ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Management, Federal College of Medical Laboratory Science & Technology, Jos-Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) is one of the most common conditions that require medical attention in neonates. The medical condition is because of the imbalance between bilirubin production and its excretion. The accumulation of serum bilirubin in excess, elevates the values of bilirubin in neonates up to a high concentration as noted in the medical laboratory assay causing the yellowish colouration of skin and the eye. A retrospective study was carried out in OLA hospital from 2019 t0 2021 for neonates delivered within the period. The incidence of neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) in this study was 11.7%. The most common risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) is ABO incompatibility, Preterm gestation and low birth weight (<2.5kg). Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) is a common problem encountered in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of hospitals as seen in OLA Hospital in Jos. The recommended strategies that is involve in the prevention and control of neonatal jaundice include; health education on neonatal jaundice, identification of risk factors, early detection of neonatal jaundice, proper assessment of babies with neonatal jaundice and early referral for good medical management.
The monetary policy and price stability nexus: The Nigerian case (1981-2016)
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria., Oladosu Deborah , Oladele Seun ,   Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The study evaluated the effects of monetary policy on price stability in Nigeria for the period 1981-2016. The consumer price index was used as the dependent variable while money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and treasury bill rates were the independent variables. The research made use of secondary data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and World Bank Development Indicators. The study employed Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL). The unit root test showed that all the time series data were not stationary series. The result showed in the short-run and long-run, exchange rate, money supply, GDP and open market operations have significant effects on price stability in Nigeria while interest rate is significant only in the short-run. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others, that Central Bank of Nigeria increase interest rates during inflation in order to control money supply and consequently inflation. Government should take policy actions swiftly so as to reduce lag problems. Also, monetary policy alone cannot be used to maintain price stability. It should, therefore, be supplemented by fiscal measures, non-monetary and non-fiscal measures.
Critical strategic analysis forecast: A case study of Post Holdings Buying Weetabix company
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Society, University of South Wales, United Kingdom., Oshilalu Adeyemi Z. , Amaugo Amarachi ,   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Society, University of South Wales, United Kingdom.
Published: May 2024

There is no denying the fact that businesses have evolved due to globalization and technological advancements. Many organizations are therefore confronted with increasing levels of challenges in the business world. As a result, companies must develop strategic plans not just for their sustainability, but also an expansion of their consumer base as well as increase their competitiveness and profitability. Business expansion through mergers and acquisitions is one of such innovative strategies developed by companies to remain competitive. Many companies are now exploring this approach as the strategic choice that can enhance the growth and survival of their organizations. This paper presents the analysis case study of the acquisition of Weetabix by Post Holdings and discusses the strategic position of the company, evaluating their key stakeholders, giving analyses of the external factors driving this strategy as well as the industry factors impacting the strategical approach utilized. The strategic position of the company was determined using Porter’s generic strategy and Bowman’s strategy clock indicating the differentiation leadership and clock position 4 - differentiation strategy respectively based on perceived added value of their products. Power-interest grid developed confirmed that Post Holdings, with the highest shares, exhibit the highest influence in matters relating to the acquisition and decision-making process. An external analysis, in the form of a PESTLE strategic framework, was conducted to identify factors that could possibly obstruct the smooth running of the business. Finally, the internal analysis examines the degree of Post Holdings/Weetabix’s competitiveness using Porter’s five forces.
Effect of earnings generation and retention capacity on the financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Akonye Chinazu , Nwoye Ugochukwu J. ,   Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Adeniyi Segun I. ,   Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Okoye Emma I. ,   Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the generation and retention capacities of financial earnings of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. There has been a widening gap between earnings generated and portion of the earnings retained thereof vis-a-vis the annual financial profits disclosures by DMBs, hence this study examines whether Earnings Generation Capacities (EGC) and Earnings Retention Capacities (ERC) of DMBs optimize their annual financial profit disclosures. This study adopts the ex post facto research design using secondary data from annual reports of seven DMBs from 2015 to 2020. Panel Regression Technique aided by E-View 9.0 statistical software was used for analyses. The results show that EGC and ERC have significant positive and negative effects respectively on the profitability of DMBs in Nigeria. This implies that assets of the DMBs are underutilized and cost management strategies under-optimized thereby undermining the achievement of optimal earnings generation and retention capabilities. The study recommends that DMBs need to improve on their asset utilization strategies and also adopt efficient in-house cost curtailment initiatives on Procurement and Equipment Asset Maintenance Costs (PEAMC) to enable DMBs to boost profitability, and strengthen going concern to meet shareholders’ return expectations.
Accountability and revenue generation in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Finance and Taxation, Caleb University, Lagos State, Nigeria., Audu Solomon Ibrahim , Babatayo Kolawole Olayemi ,   Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Nigeria’s tax revenue to GDP has averaged at about 6% until recently when it was reported at 10.68% which is still low compared to developed economies that have an average of 30%. Hence, the focus of this study is to assess the influence of accountability on the level of revenue generation in Nigeria. The research design used in this study is the ex post facto research design. The study covered a twenty-year period which spans from 2002 to 2021. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data in the study. The result of the analysis showed that government effectiveness, regulatory quality and the rule of law all have a positive influence on oil revenue in Nigeria. It also revealed that political stability, regulatory quality and rule of law all have a positive influence on non-oil revenue in Nigeria. Overall, the results showed that accountability significantly influences oil and non-oil revenue. Hence, the study concluded that accountability has a significant influence on revenue generation in Nigeria. It was recommended that laws be reviewed to reflect the current day realities and as such enhance revenue generation in Nigeria.
Influence of perceived economic dilemma on ethical choices of auditors
Authors:   Mallam Sanusi Lamido College of Business and Management Studies, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria., BELLO Muhammed Akinkunmi , OGUNGBENLE Simeon Kayode ,   Mallam Sanusi Lamido College of Business and Management Studies, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This paper is an in-depth analysis of the pressures that come upon the auditors in public practice and corporate organisations. Struggle is the meaning of life. When you try to solve one problem you tend to complicate others. Several literature and previous were reviewed, the majority of them with discovery and strong perception that ethical dilemmas involved choosing powerful seemingly ‘justifiable’ non-ethical considerations over strict ethical choices. Such is sometimes the economic dilemma created when auditors are being accountable for their actions. The auditors are sometimes confronted with conflict of interest as considered in most literature reviewed. The TP (Temporary Predictive Behaviour) Cognitive Model with Moral Seduction Theory also forms part of the analysis in this paper. This economic dilemma faced is prop out of fright of the “self-fulfilling prophecy effect” which was further described as the auditor’s fear to precipitate client failure after the release of a warning signal because of its impact on current and potential investors, creditors, suppliers, and customers. The paper concluded that the eventual evaluation of the auditors is vital to the investment decision of the clients’ financial statement users and poses a danger to the continued existence of the client. The study further recommended action that may provide greater economic incentives for the auditor to conduct an ethical audit.
Phytochemical studies of wheat-plantain composite flours enriched with velvet beans flours
Authors:   Department of Food Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria., Adebayo T. K , Ibrahim M.C ,   Department of Food Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Wheat, which is an expensive grain, is not adequate to meet the nutritional requirements of the end users. Hence, enrichment of wheat with easily affordable underutilized legumes and fruits that have superior nutritional value is a good approach to producing functional foods and this is also a good way to reduce the cost of wheat importation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the flour blends processed from wheat-plantain flour blends enriched with velvet bean. Wheat, plantain and Velvet flours composite were prepared in the ratio 240:37.5:22.5, 210:60:30 and 150:105:45 respectively and 100% wheat flour was used as the control. Phytochemicals revealed that total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, L-Dopa, DPPH and FRAP ranged from 41.22 – 383.09 mg/GAE/100 g, 42.94 – 83.11 mg/CE/100 g, 0.41– 1.66 mg/100 g, 0.91 – 1.21%, 33.12 – 46.85 mg/AAE/100 g and 4.05 – 6.29 mg/FeSO4/100 g, respectively. Addition of plantain and velvet beans flour blends to the wheat flour significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the phytochemical properties of the flour blends. The blends could therefore be used to produce any functional food. Hence, its food applications are highly recommended.
OLE! Dairy model
Authors: Llanos Eduardo , Candioti Francisco , Stirling Sofia , Cajarville Cecilia , Fariña Santiago , Diéguez Francisco
Published: May 2024

The process of intensification of the dairy sector has been characterized in recent decades by the increase in milk production per hectare, the increase in livestock density, the inclusion of more concentrates in the diet, and the improvement of the genetic merit of dairy cows. The use of models has productive, environmental, and economic advantages. The objectives of the study were to describe a new model, “OLE! Dairy model”, to (a) simulate the biophysical performance of a pasture-based dairy production system; (b) evaluate the predictive capacity of the model with a set of statistical parameters, comparing its results with the biophysical performance of experimental studies of dairy farm systems, and (c) calibrate by adjusting the technical coefficient. The experimental design combines two feeding strategies with a different proportion of pasture in the diet and two animal genotypes. We make a description of the biophysical component and the calculations proposed in the “OLE! Dairy model”. Then a variety of parameters was calculated for model testing, including the Mean Squared Error, the Relative Prediction Error, the square root of the MSE, the Concordance Correlation Coefficient, and the Model Efficiency. The model presented a good predictive capacity for stocking rate and concentrate, pasture, and reserve intake. The predictive capacity of the model for individual production and area production improves after performing a rapid calibration, which allows for avoiding overestimations or underestimations that generate erroneous measurements in the planning and management of milk production systems, and can be adjusted to different conditions of production of the region.
Uso medicinal da Cannabis sativa na oncologia veterinária
Authors: Ramalho Alves Miriam , Ultramari Fettback Leticia
Published: May 2024

The growing use of Cannabis sativa for medicinal purposes, both in human and veterinary medicine, in various treatments, including oncology, has been gaining prominence due to the potentially beneficial therapeutic properties of its compounds. The animal body has an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that regulates several physiological functions and is composed of phytocannabinoids that activate cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), which bind to endogenous (AEA and 2-AG) and exogenous (THC and CBD) cannabinoids. The objective of this review was to research scientific articles on the role of the endocannabinoid system in cancer patients in order to evaluate the feasibility of using cannabinoids in these patients, in search of improving quality of life.
Remission of diabetes mellitus in an intact female dog
Authors: Queiroz Jéssica , Rosa Gislaine Nonino
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among dogs. It is a set of metabolic disorders resulting from tissues' lack of sensitivity to insulin action, and/or its relative or absolute deficiency. The clinical manifestations observed include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, persistent hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. Its classification and etiology in dogs are not yet well defined but may be associated with immune-mediated, genetic, infectious, hormonal and metabolic factors, as well as certain pharmaceuticals. According to the AHAA® 2018 guidelines (American Animal Hospital Association) for Diabetes Management in Dogs and Cats, therapeutic strategies in all cases include insulin therapy, dietary management, and recognition and elimination/minimization of factors associated with insulin resistance. This report presents the case of an 8-year-old intact a dog, Yorkshire Terrier breed, presenting clinical characteristics suggestive of diestrus and mammary nodule at the time of the DM diagnosis. The therapeutic strategy included adjunctive diet for diabetic patients, adequate caloric intake, insulin therapy, ovariohysterectomy and mastectomy. After the start of treatment, a reduction in persistent hyperglycemia with improvement of clinical manifestations could be observed even before surgical approaches, as diestrus progressed to anestrus. It is concluded that, although canine DM remission is uncommon, it is possible when appropriate insulin therapy is instituted associated with dietary adjustment and reduction of factors causing insulin resistance.
Molecular Genetic Identification of Some Sweet Sorghum - Sorghum bicolor L. (Ankolib) Accessions – Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Hassaballa Lina
Published: May 2024

This study is an attempt to identify some Sudanese Sweet Sorghum (Ankolib) [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] accessions using two types of DNA-based markers: RAPD and SSR. Seven (Ankolib) accessions were assayed, namely: Black Ankolib, Black White Ankolib, Dark Red Ankolib, Red Yellow Ankolib, White Ankolib, White Black Ankolib and Bengaga. All of the accessions were uniquely identified and fingerprinted. The levels of polymorphism among the accessions as revealed by (22) RAPD primers and (16) SSR primer pairs were (58%) and (76%) respectively, indicating that SSRs markers were highly polymorphic. The scored data of the two markers were analyzed using the Dice Coefficient to assess genetic relationships among the (7) (Ankolib) accessions. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that the accession Bengaga was distantly related to the other (6) accessions which all showed a close genetic similarity among them. UPGMA cluster analysis generated a dendrogram for each marker alone and for the combined data of the two markers. It was observed that in all of the dendrogram the accession Bengaga was found in a unique cluster thus indicating its uniqueness, since it is the only accession that has seeds that produce flour besides its juicy sweet stem.
Community Engagement in Routine Vitamin A Supplementation: Opportunity for first Contact for Children 6-11 Months of Age in the two Health Districts in Far North Cameroon
Authors: Izacar Gaël Bita André
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the most cost-effective interventions with the greatest impact in reducing infant and child mortality. The implementation of this intervention is done through routine mass campaigns in health facilities (HFs) following the child immunization schedule. Mass VAS campaigns are costly, donor-driven, and heavily dependent on funding for mass immunization campaigns. According to DHIS 2 (2020) data, Kaele and Guidiguis health districts had VAS coverage below 70% for 6-11 months in 2019. Results: In the two health districts, 188 people benefited from capacity building on VAS activities. That is 42 health workers (HWs) and 146 community health workers (CHWs). Of the 3520 children (50.5% girls and 45.5% boys; Guidiguis=1696 and Kaele=1824; average age= 7 months) who received their first dose of vitamin A (first contact), 2194 (62.32%) were in the HF and 1326 (37.66%) at the community (25.73% in advanced strategies and 11.93% in home visits (HVs). Conclusion: The capacity building of HWs and CHWs to be involved in VAS programs is a form of community engagement that could help catch up with children who are not accessing HFs services at the community level for VAS. We recommend further comparative research on the cost-effectiveness of community engagement in VAS programs versus mass vitamin A campaigns.
Development of a Novel Beverage with Cactus Juice (Opuntia Ficus Indica) and date Palm sap (Phoenix Dactylifera L)
Authors: M. Ennouri
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility to produce a beverage combining Opuntia ficus Indica juice (OFIJ) and date palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (DPS). Beverages (B1, B2, B3) were formulated by mixing the juice and date palm sap at different ratios (40:60%, 30:70%, 20:80%) whereas OFIJ and DPS were considered as the controls. Sensory evaluation using 5-point hedonic scale was performed and showed that the control DPS was the most appreciated in term of aftertaste and overall acceptability. Among the formulated beverages B3 is more appreciated than B2, followed by B1. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the sedimentation and serum separation increase considerably after 28 days of cold storage traducing the instability of beverages. Microbial analysis carried out during 42 days of cold storage revealed the absence of total coliforms, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli for all drinks and that after 28 days of storage the beverages cannot be consumed.