bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum complement 3 is a potential biomarker for assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Chen Rongyi , Ma Lingying , Lv Peng , Lin Jiang , Li Chaolun , Yan Yan , Jin Xuejuan , Dai Xiaomin , Ji Zongfei , Chen Huiyong , Ma Lili , Sun Ying , Jiang Lindi
Published: January 2021

Background. Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, lacking convenient and feasible biomarkers to identify disease activity. We aimed to evaluate the value of complements in distinguishing active TA. Methods. Consecutive patients were enrolled from the prospective East China TA cohort from April 2008 to June 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to their baseline Kerr score. The value of complements and other biomarkers in identifying disease activity were analysed with cluster analysis, ROC curves, and combined tests. An independent group of patients from July 2019 to December 2019 were employed to validate the results.Results. Of the enrolled 519 patients, 406 (72.2%) cases were identified as active disease. Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and complement 3 (C3) levels were observed in the active group. Elevated C3 (≥1.085 g/L) had a high value to identify active TA with a sensitivity of 69.9%, specificity of 66.7% and AUC of 0.715. Combining the CRP (≥10.65 g/L; sensitivity, 50.7%; specificity, 82.4%) and C3, the sensitivity could be improved to 85.1% in parallel test and the specificity could be improved to 94.1% in serial test. Validation was further performed to confirm the value of C3 for disease activity assessment. The accuracy of the parallel test of CRP and C3 in external validation with independent 53 TA cases was 72.73% with the AUC of 0.721. Conclusion. Elevated C3 could effectively evaluate the disease activity of TA, and C3 combining with CRP could further improve the disease activity evaluation.
Population turnover facilitates cultural selection for efficiency
Authors: Chimento Michael , Alarcon-Nieto Gustavo , Aplin Lucy
Published: January 2021

Selection for more efficient socially learned behaviors over alternatives is crucial for cumulative cultural evolution, yet our understanding of such cultural selection in animals is limited. We performed a cultural diffusion experiment using 18 populations of wild-caught great tits Parus major to ask whether more efficient foraging traditions are selected for, and whether this process is affected by turnover. We show that gradual replacement of individuals greatly increases the probability that a more efficient behavior will invade a population's cultural repertoire, out-competing an established inefficient behavior. Turnover does not increase innovation rates, but instead increases adoption rates, as immigrants are more susceptible to novel, efficient behaviors. An agent based model further supported our results by demonstrating that this effect holds across populations of different types of learners. Altogether, these results provide strong evidence for cultural selection for efficiency in animals, and highlight the importance of population turnover for this process.
Placental Changes in Anemia, Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Mithil Potuganti  , B. R. Zambare
Published: January 2021

Background: To assess the changes occurring in the placenta due to anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and whether these changes were reversible with treatment when they were diagnosed in early stages. Subjects and Methods: The study is conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DVVPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar on 200 anemic patients, 180 PIH patients and 650 GDM patients. Placentae were collected, stored in a 10% formalin solution. Morphological changes in respect to shape, weight, diameter, thickness, number of cotyledons and site of insertion of the cord are observed and documented. Results: In anemic patients who has undergone treatment, there were a smaller number of irregular (37/100) and round (63/100) round placentae were seen, whereas in the untreated anemic group, round (09/100) round and irregular (91/100) irregular placentae were seen. In PIH group with treatment, round (57/90) placentae and irregular (33/90) placentae were seen, whereas, in the untreated group, 13/100 round/oval placentae were observed and 77/100 irregular placentae were seen. Conclusion: Morphology of placenta is on error mode in untreated anemia, PIH and GDM. Diagnosis in the first trimester and on consequent treatment till the delivery is resulting in decreasing of irregular morphology of placenta and wellbeing of newborns.
A Study of Tibial Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa Along With Its Variations in Its Branching Pattern
Authors: W Benjamin  , Raghavendra V Pisale  , SA Premchand  , Edward Indla  , Seema Valsalan Ennazhiyil  , VR Akshara  , Lovely S Livingston
Published: January 2021

Background: A detailed Knowledge of these variations in motor branching patterns will help the surgeons when certain procedures are done for calf reduction and also when selective neurectomy is required. It is also required by the anesthetists to give neurolytic blocks. Subjects and Methods: 40 formalin-fixed lower limbs of adult human cadavers were selected. The origin of the tibial nerve, variations in a branching pattern, number of muscular branches given was studied by dissection. The Level of origin of these nerves was taken to the apex of the head of the fibula (AHF). Results: In 70 % of specimens the origin of the Tibial Nerve was < 12 cm and in 30 % it was between 12-24 cm above the level of AHF. In 10% of cases, the sural nerve originated from the nerve to the medial head of gastrocnemius (MHG). In 82.5% of specimens, the MHG received one branch from the tibial nerve and in 17.5% it received two branches. The lateral head of Gastrocnemius (LHG) received one branch from the tibial nerve. In 10%, there was a common branch for the LHG and the soleus muscle. 90% of specimens had one branch and 10% had two branches that supplied the soleus muscle. A single branch supplied the plantaris muscle. The popliteus muscle also received a single branch. Conclusion : The results in the study provide information that is required by the anatomists, surgeons, radiologists and anesthetists.
Analysis of emergency situations at railway transport facilities
Authors:   Far Eastern Fire and Rescue Academy – branch of Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia, Koshkarov Ruslan V. , Koroleva Lyudmila A. ,   Department of fire safety, emergency and rescue equipment and automobile industry, Saint Petersburg State University of emergency situations of Russia
Published: January 2021

The work is aimed at summarizing information about the current state and features of rescue and emergency activities in emergency situations at railway transport facilities. Analytical methods were used to study Russian and foreign publications, legal acts and other sources on rescue and emergency recovery activities aimed at eliminating consequences of emergency situations at railway transport facilities. The article concludes that there is a need for practical interaction between the control bodies and the functional warning and response subsystem.
Protein-polysaccharide interactions in dairy production
Authors: Smykov I. T.
Published: January 2021

The review article examines the main global trends in the development of scientific research in the field of increasing the efficiency of dairy products production using polysaccharides of various origins and purposes. It has been shown that non-traditional polysaccharides of plant origin are increasingly involved in industrial production, including polysaccharides of aquatic organisms, which have both enhanced technological properties — emulsifying, gel-forming, texturizing, etc., and innovative nutraceutical properties that make it possible to create food products with new properties and attractive to consumers. It is noted that the nature of proteinpolysaccharide interactions, depending on the types of proteins and polysaccharides used in various combinations and conditions of their interactions, can be completely different, which directly affects the organoleptic properties of the finished product. Modern research confirms that the properties of a food product are largely laid down at the molecular — nanoscale, and the development of research on protein-polysaccharide interactions, with the aim of their practical use in the production of dairy products, should be aimed at finding basic patterns in these interactions.
Historical and statistical data on the development of the domestic alcoholic beverages industry
Authors: Khurshudyan S. A. , Kobelev K. V. , Ryabova A. E.
Published: January 2021

The method of historical and statistical data analysis makes it possible to identify development and characteristic patterns, both temporary and permanent, production criteria for various branches of the food industry. The application of this method made it possible to trace formation of the alcohol industry inRussiaand identify critical historical events that influenced its development. The article presents and analyzes statistical data on the production of the main types of alcoholic beverages industry since 1913.
Trace-element segregation to dislocation loops in experimentally heated zircon
Authors: Peterman Emily M. , Reddy Steven M. , Saxey David W. , Fougerouse Denis , Quadir M. Zakaria , Jercinovic Michael J.
Published: January 2021

To evaluate the mechanisms driving nanoscale trace element mobility in radiation-damaged zircon, we analyzed two well-characterized Archean zircons from the Kaapvaal Craton (southern Africa): one zircon remained untreated and the other was experimentally heated in the laboratory at 1450 °C for 24 h. Atom probe tomography (APT) of the untreated zircon reveals homogeneously distributed trace elements. In contrast, APT of the experimentally heated zircon shows that Y, Mg, Al, and Pb+Yb segregate to a set of two morphologically and crystallographically distinct cluster populations that range from 5 nm tori to 25 nm toroidal polyhedra, which are confirmed to be dislocation loops by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocation loops lie in {100} and {001} planes; the edges are aligned with <100>, <101>, and <001>. The largest loops (up to 25 nm diameter) are located in {100} and characterized by high concentrations of Mg and Al, which are aligned with <001>. The 207Pb/206Pb measured from Pb atoms located within all of the loops (0.264 ± 0.025; 1σ) is consistent with present-day segregation and confirms that the dislocation loops formed during our experimental treatment. These experimentally induced loops are similar to clusters observed in zircon affected by natural geologic processes. We interpret that differences in cluster distribution, density, and composition between experimentally heated and geologically affected zircon are a function of the radiation dose, the pressure-temperature-time history, and the original composition of the zircon. These findings provide a framework for interpreting the significance of clustered trace elements and their isotopic characteristics in zircon. Our findings also suggest that the processes driving cluster formation in zircon can be replicated under laboratory conditions over human timescales, which may have practical implications for the mineralogical entrapment of significant nuclear elements.
Thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational (IR/Raman) behavior of mixed type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite by density functional theory
Authors: Ulian Gianfranco , Moro Daniele , Valdrè Giovanni
Published: January 2021

The present investigation reports the equation of state, thermodynamic, and thermoelastic properties of type AB carbonated apatite [CAp-AB, Ca10(CO3)B(PO4)5(CO3)A, space group P1], as obtained from density functional theory simulations and the quasi-harmonic approximation. The static (0 K) third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state resulted in the parameters K0 = 104.3(8) GPa, K′ = 4.3(1), and V0 = 517.9(2) Å3, whereas at room temperature (300 K) they were KT = 101.98 GPa, K′ = 4.12, and V0 = 524.486 GPa. Thermodynamics and thermoelasticity were calculated in the temperature range 0–800 K and between 0 and 30 GPa.

Furthermore, the dependence of the infrared/Raman spectra of type-AB carbonated apatite with pressure is also reported, which could be useful for researchers interested in vibrational spectroscopy. The theoretical results corroborate the few experimental ones on a similar type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite and provide further details over wide pressure and temperature ranges on the elastic, thermodynamic, and infrared/Raman properties of this important mineral found in both geological and biological environments.
Non-equilibrium evolution of Bose-Einstein condensate deformation in temporally controlled weak disorder
Authors: Radonjic Milan , Pelster Axel
Published: January 2021

We consider a time-dependent extension of a perturbative mean-field approach to the homogeneous dirty boson problem by considering how switching on and off a weak disorder potential affects the stationary state of an initially {equilibrated} Bose-Einstein condensate by the emergence of a disorder-induced condensate deformation. We find that in the switch on scenario the stationary condensate deformation turns out to be a sum of an equilibrium part{, that actually corresponds to adiabatic switching on the disorder,} and a dynamically-induced part, where the latter depends on the particular driving protocol. If the disorder is switched off afterwards, the resulting condensate deformation acquires an additional dynamically-induced part in the long-time limit, while the equilibrium part vanishes. {We also present an appropriate generalization to inhomogeneous trapped condensates.} Our results demonstrate that the condensate deformation represents an indicator of the generically non-equilibrium nature of steady states of a Bose gas in a temporally controlled weak disorder.
Jerusalem Inscription of Yoḥannəs IV, Emperor of Ethiopia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Frantsouzov Sergej A. ,   Institute of Oriental manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

The article contains the first publication of the text and commented translation of an inscription in the Gə‘əz language engraved in AD 1890–1891 over the entrance to the oratory of the Residence of the Archbishop of the Ethiopian Church in Jerusalem, which is situated in the Old City, near the 8th station of the Via Dolorosa. A considerable moneyed assistance of the Ethiopian community in the Holy City by the second great integrator of Ethiopia in the Modern Times, the Emperor Yoḥannəs IV, which is commemorated in the inscription, proved to be reflected also in his correspondence with local monks enclosed to a chronicle of him.
About some exotic features of Turkic languages («Turkic miracles»)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Guzev Viktor G.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the grammar of modern Turkish language; on the basis of the modern Turkish language are considered structural features of Turkic languages, which determine the specificity of all the Turkic languages; Turkic languages from the position of General linguistics; attracted for research in the Turkic material developments linguists naturalhow.
From Westernization to De-Westernization: Turkish-American relations in Historical Perspective of the 1940s — 2010s
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shlykov Pavel V.
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes the nonlinear dynamics of Turkish-American relations in the historical perspective of the last seven decades (from the 1940s up to the late 2010s). The development of Turkish-American relations demonstrates an interesting paradox — the same factors that made the two countries closer led to the divergence of the two “strategic partners”. The paper explores the current crisis of Turkish-American relations in three interrelated dimensions: as a decline of the «Turkish model», as an erosion of the institutional solidarity within NATO, and as strategic divergence in perceptions of regional and international security threats.
APEC’S place in modern political and economic processes in Greater East Asia
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosyakov Dmitrij V.
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the history of such an authoritative international organization as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation-APEC. This organization, created to address issues of economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, has gradually turned into the main platform for political negotiations, at which key issues of international security and international relations are discussed.
Technologies of using the religious factor in Vietnam: features of the political history of the main religious groups from the beginning of the 17 century to the present time
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kolotov Vladimir N.
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the technologies for creating religious communities, provoking conflicts between different religious groups and using local controlled conflicts for geopolitical purposes. Immersion of political contradictions in the cultural and religious environment allows skillfully concealing the interests of the forces that stand behind the conflicts they provoked.
The state and prospects of cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kosov Yurij V. , Nikolaenko Anastasiya V. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Pogodin Sergej N. ,   Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Li Jingcheng ,   Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the current state of cooperation between the Eurasian economic Union and the silk road. Analyzes the prospects of economic integration of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Discusses the historical development of relations between the two countries. It is noted that Eurasian economic integration is a more productive and mutually beneficial with China.
Russian-Chinese cooperation in the tourism projects as factor of world politics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Matveevskaya Anna S.
Published: January 2021

World politics considers international tourism as a means of promoting diplomatic, cultural, economic and social interaction. The role of tourism in country’s image and prestige is noted. State policy should be oriented to maximize the benefits of international tourism cooperation. The importance of international tourism in political discourse emphasizes the participation of Russia and China in international tourism projects that serve as a source of cultural, social and economic development.
American strategy towards the world order after the Cold War. Digest of World Politics
Authors:   MGIMO University, Istomin Igor A.
Published: January 2021

After the end of the Cold War, the United States emerged as a country with the greatest economic and military capabilities, which was eager to play an active role in restructuring institutions of international order. This article aims to assess the U. S. record from the 1990s till mid — 2010s in global governance, assessing the main changes in its strategy during this period. The paper is organized mainly in accordance with a chronological principle. However, considerations on the American policies are preceded by the exploration of the theoretical discussion on the main contradictions in the attitude of major powers towards international orders. After that, the strategies of three U. S. administrations dealing with global economic regulation and institutions for maintaining international security are consistently analyzed. The paper demonstrates that during the last quarter of a century the United States pursued a wide range of policies towards international institutions. The environment in which Washington conducted its foreign policy changed dramatically, reducing its ability to direct the restructuring of international norms. Nevertheless, the U. S. approach, at least in part, was shaped by the strategic choices made by its leadership. Moreover, Washington’s policies throughout this period clearly diverged from expectations set in the theoretical literature as they included a major revisionist component.
Global research community for the study of the Russian Arctic: state and prospects
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kharlampieva Nadezhda K. ,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the scientific, technical and political and legal space of the Arctic, the identification of the principles of interdisciplinary scientific and practical cooperation in this region, the determination of the potential of educational programs for the study of international interaction in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Extraction of bioavailable phosphorus in soils and sediments using an ultrasonic washing machine
Authors: Ka Ling Ting , Yokota Kuriko , Saga Makoto , Inoue Takanobu
Published: January 2021

For improving the management of watershed eutrophication, methods for measuring bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) are more important than measurements of total phosphorus (TP). BAP in particulate form (P-BAP) is an important substance that promotes eutrophication, especially during rainy seasons. Only a portion of particulate phosphorus (PP) is taken up by algae that contribute to eutrophication. Erosion and runoff associated with rainfall transport PP bound to sediments and soil particles to surface waters, thus increasing PP concentration. This research evaluated an extraction method using an ultrasonic washing machine for extraction time and frequency. Extraction at a frequency of 28–45 kHz and an extraction time of 1 min resulted in extracted P concentrations almost the same as concentrations extracted using conventional methods. This new method requires less time and is more efficient than conventional methods because it extracts P from multiple samples in a single step. Results indicate that extraction using an ultrasonic washing machine is a promising method for rapidly obtaining BAP from sediments and soil particles.
Generation of active Co(III) and peroxodiphosphate by synergistic electrocatalytic system with phosphate and the mediator cobalt(II) and its degradation performance
Authors: Li Dongmei , Li Wenjie , Zhang Quan , Wang Yizhi , Lin Hongyu , Feng Li , Li Shaoxiu , Deng Yue , Xiao Qiurong , Chen Jiongxi , Dong Qi
Published: January 2021

The promising synergistic electrocatalytic system of phosphate (PO43−) with the mediator cobalt(II) (for short E-Co(II)-PO43−) was employed to degrade cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The exploration in the electrocatalytic process revealed that the main intermediate active oxidation products were Co(III), accompanied with hydroxyl radicals and peroxodiphosphates (P2O84−). Their synergistic electrocatalytic degradation rate to MB and total organic carbon (TOC) was up to 100 and 60% in 40 min, respectively, which was 5 times and 2.6 times that in a direct electrocatalytic system, correspondingly. The degradation process of the E-Co(II)-PO43− system on MB started with the bond being broken at the N-C junction of the MB molecule and intermediate active oxidation substances being generated, such as phenothiazine, 2-amino-5-(N-methylformamide) benzene sulfonic acid and N1,N1-dimethyl-1,4 diaminobenzene. Then, the intermediates were degraded into aniline, phenol and benzene sulfonic acid, and eventually decomposed into inorganic substances like CO2 and water. The electrocatalytic degradation mechanism of E-Co(II)-PO43− system on MB was the combination of indirect oxidation of the intermediate oxidants like Co(III), P2O84− and the hydroxyl radical with direct electrocatalysis on the platinum titanium electrode, where the electrocatalytic oxidation of Co(III) was dominant.
Numerical study on dynamic behavior of entrapped air in a partially filled pipe
Authors: Guo Hengliang , Guo Ye , Huang Biao , Liu Jiachun
Published: January 2021

Rapid filling in horizontal partially filled pipes with entrapped air may result in extreme pressure transients. This study advanced the current understanding of dynamic behavior of entrapped air above tailwater (the initial water column with a free surface in a partially filled pipe) through rigid-column modeling and sensitivity analysis of system parameters. Water and air were considered as incompressible fluid and ideal gas, respectively, and the continuity and momentum equations for water and a thermodynamic equation for air were solved by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of system parameters were examined in detail, including tailwater depth, entrapped air volume, driving head, pipe friction, and relative length of entrapped air and pipe. The results indicate that the presence of tailwater can mitigate the peak pressure when with identical initial volumes of entrapped air, as it can be considered to reflect a certain amount of loss of the net driving head. However, the peak pressure can increase as much as about 45% for the cases with fixed pipe length, due to the reduction in the initial entrapped air volume. The rise time for the first peak pressure was closely related to pipe friction, whereas the oscillation period (defined as the time duration between the first and second peaks) was virtually irrelevant. The applicability of the rigid-column model was discussed, and a time scale relevant indicator was proposed. When the indicator is larger than 20, the relative difference between the peak pressure estimation and experimental measurements is generally below 5%.
Cultivation of energy microalga Chlorella vulgaris with low–toxic sludge extract
Authors: Chen Xiurong , Wang Shanshan , Sun Xiaoli , Lu Quanling
Published: January 2021

Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in different proportions of activated sludge extracts, which was from the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing tetrachlorophenol. The growth period of C. vulgaris could be shortened for about 10 days when sludge extract was mixed into BG11 culture substrate, and the growth of C. vulgaris was promoted during the period of adaptation and logarithmic period. In the stable and decay period, when the proportion of sludge extract increased to 50%, cell proliferation was inhibited. There was an evident positive correlation between the total and average amount of starch polysaccharide with sludge concentration. When C. vulgaris was cultivated with pure sludge extracts, the total amount of starch and polysaccharide was up to 103 and 125 mg/L. Therefore, the low-toxic sludge extracts were more beneficial to the accumulation of carbohydrates. In the 100% sludge extracts culture medium, chlorophyll-a in C. vulgaris was accumulated to 30.2 mg/L on the 25th day. Through the analysis of algal cells' ultrastructures, it was shown that the photosynthesis was strengthened greatly with low-toxic sludge extracts. The results show that the rich heterotrophic carbon source in the sludge extract can be used as an excellent medium for Chlorella. It provides new ideas for the harmless utilization of surplus sludge as a resource. At the same time, the use of nutrients in the sludge extract to cultivate Chlorella is of great significance to low-cost algae cultivation.
PASSIVE PROCEDURAL POSITION AND THE PROBLEM OF DISHONESTY OF THE PARTIES IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: SUKHOVA Nadezhda V. , Chamaletdinova Faniya F.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the approach of legal science and law enforcement to the issue of abuse of rights. The authors emphasize that the reform of procedural legislation in the first two decades of the 21st century corresponds to the tendencies of internationalization of the civil process, within the framework of which the principle of accessibility of justice in its true understanding as a legal value is concretized. In this sense, the authors state that the abuse of the right to sue is one of the most important problems of civil procedural law, requiring a solution in order to increase the fairness and efficiency of national legal proceedings. The analysis of a passive procedural position is carried out in the path of abuse of law. The authors acknowledge that, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to severely punish dishonesty of the parties in court in order to promote good faith in civil proceedings is a response to the established jurisprudence. In addition, this article draws attention to the fact that the most important problems today are related to the improvement of mechanisms for encouraging the execution of procedural laws and rules of civil proceedings, and not just the system of punishment for dishonest behavior. This formulation of the practical problem determines the research methodology. According to the authors, the solution of serious problems associated with the dishonesty of the parties should be based not only on a theoretical (and monistic) approach, but on a pluralistic and communicative approach. And in this sense, this study is new. This article concludes that the failure of the procedural theory in the study of the phenomenon of abuse of rights and the explanation of conscientiousness in the civil proceedings is a fact of scientific development, subject to methodological research — a methodological assessment of this fact; the question arises about the essence of the phenomenon; special purposes of civil procedure — the directions of development of procedural law inevitably give rise to their own legal interpretations, in particular, this is observed in the case of assessing the good faith in the judicial proceedings for purposes of other branches of law.
PARTY AND INDEPENDENT-INDIVIDUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE MECHANISM OF ENSURING THE DEMOCRATIC MANDATE OF THE POPULAR TRUST IN A CONSTITUTIONAL STATE
Authors: Gutorova Alla N.
Published: January 2021

The party system in contemporary Russia has a number of features that should be taken into account in the course of the legal research and search for the optimal correlation of party and independent (individual) representation in the constitutional mechanism of the popular trust mandate. In our opinion, it is the features of the Russian party system at the present stage of its historical development, not multiparty as such, that determine the main vector of constitutional-legal regulation of these public relations and the relevant assessment of this phenomenon in Russian legal science.
The research methodology is based on a comparative legal method that allowed the comparison of party and independent representation in the popular representation system. The use of the historical and legal method is determined by the need to identify the features of the development of the party system in modern Russia through the prism of historical facts. The forecasting method has allowed determining the prospects of further development of the Russian political system.
The constitutional system of the Russian Federation over the past decades has demonstrated a very decisive rejection of the one-party ideological system and the transition to the nascent but steadily developing multiparty system. As the real multiparty system and political competition become stronger, the individual-independent form of popular representation will give way to the party mandate of popular trust until the institution of “independent” single-member deputies becomes a thing of the past, not only in the State Duma, but also in the legislative (representative) bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. “Independent-individual” national representation is more preferably for the local government, that is non-partisan national representation (in the general federal sense). By its constitutional and legal nature, the municipal popular representation is “independent and individual” in relation to political parties.
The social functions of the public relations service of the regional executive branch
Authors: Vdovkina Natalya I. , Ponomareva Yulia E.
Published: January 2021

This article studies the social functions of a public relations service of a regional executive authority on the example of the information and publishing department of the labor and employment agency of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Public Relations Service is regarded as a social institution, wherein this institute is interpreted as an approved and stable set of statuses and roles. This set acts in society, and its goal is to form an environment for effective public communications between social actors. The authors consider the main approaches to the analysis of the service responsible for public relations as a social institution; in addition, they define the specifics of the social functions of the service implementing public relations — the executive authority of the region. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the public relations service, which operates in the structure of the authority, determines, among other things, a positive idea about all public authorities in general. The purpose of the study is to analyze the social function of the public relations service of the regional executive authorities. The authors have employed the following methods: expert survey, content analysis of media materials, secondary analysis of data from sociological analysis of the image of the state employment service of the population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Based on the results of theoretical, methodological, and empirical studies, the authors conclude that in addition to the obvious social function of information, the public relations service performs a managerial social function through the creation of an information and communication environment in which an effective dialogue between social actors unfolds. The public relations service of the executive branch of the region, in turn, has its own specifics of these social functions. This is one of the social institutions that creates the conditions not only for the gradual and growing development of the image of the executive branch, but also for the development of a favorable perception of the population about public services provided by the government.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) Antagonists: Potential Targets in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Afshari Amir R. , Motamed-Sanaye Ali , Sabri Hamed , Soltani Arash , Karkon-Shayan Sepideh , Radvar Sarvin , Javid Hossein , Mollazadeh Hamid , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: January 2021

The current standard of care in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as the most
morbid brain tumor, is not adequate, despite substantial progress in cancer therapy.
Among patients receiving current standard treatments, including surgery, irradiation, and
chemotherapy, the overall survival (OS) period with GBM is less than one year. The high
mortality frequency of GBM is due to its aggressive nature, including accelerated
growth, deregulated apoptosis, and invasion into surrounding tissues. The understanding
of the molecular pathogenesis of GBM is, therefore, crucial for identifying, designing,
and repurposing potential agents in future therapeutic approaches. In recent decades, it
has been apparent that several neurotransmitters, specifically substance P (SP), an undecapeptide
in the family of neuropeptides tachykinins, are found in astrocytes. After binding
to the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), the SP controls cancer cell growth, exerts antiapoptotic
impacts, stimulates cell invasion/metastasis, and activates vascularization.
Since SP/NK-1R signaling pathway is a growth driver in many cancers, this potential
mechanism is proposed as an additional target for treating GBM. Following an evaluation
of the function of both SP and its NK-1R inhibitors in neoplastic cells, we recommend
a unique and promising approach for the treatment of patients with GBM.
Deep Learning in the Quest for Compound Nomination for Fighting COVID-19
Authors: Mernea Maria , Martin Eliza C. , Petrescu Andrei-José , Avram Speranta
Published: January 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic initiated an unprecedented response from
clinicians and the scientific community in all relevant biomedical fields. It created an incredible
multidimensional data-rich framework in which deep learning proved instrumental
to make sense of the data and build models used in prediction-validation workflows
that in a matter of months have already produced results in assessing the spread of the
outbreak, its taxonomy, population susceptibility, diagnostics or drug discovery and repurposing.
More is expected to come in the near future by using such advanced machine
learning techniques to combat this pandemic. This review aims to unravel just a small
fraction of the large global endeavors by focusing on the research performed on the main
COVID-19 targets, on the computational weaponry used in identifying drugs to combat
the disease, and on some of the most important directions found to contain COVID-19 or
alleviating its symptoms in the absence of specific medication.
The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Miuli Andrea , Mosca Alessio , Pettorruso Mauro , Guirguis Amira , Corkery John Martin , Martinotti Giovanni , Di Giannantonio Massimo , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: January 2021

Background:

Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged
among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes.
Among them, benzydamine (BZY), normally prescribed as an OTC anti-inflammatory drug, is reportedly
being diverted and recreationally used.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate how the misuse of BZY has been reported, illustrating
its psychotropic molecular mechanism, and studying its psychopathological effects.

Methods:

We firstly conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the abuse of BZY
and its effects. For data gathering purposes, both PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines were followed.
All research methods were approved by PROSPERO (identification code
CRD42020187266). Second, we analysed BZY-related data from the European Monitoring Agency
(EMA) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) database recorded during 2005-2020 regarding its
abuse.

Results:

Eleven articles, published during 1997-2019, were included in our systematic review, including
five case reports, four surveys, and two retrospective case series analyses. While nine articles
dealt with the recreational use of BZY, two described an oral overdose of the drug. When specified,
dosages of BZY consumed ranged from 500 to 1500mg. The EMA dataset contained three
cases of BZY abuse.

Conclusion:

Results from the systematic review showed BZY might be diverted for typical hallucinogenic
properties occurring at high dosages. Healthcare professionals should be warned about a
possible misuse/abuse of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug and be vigilant when prescribing
it. Physicians working in emergency units should know that psychotic symptoms may be
related to BZY abuse.
PTSD in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Chamaa Farah , Bahmad Hisham F. , Darwish Batoul , Kobeissi Jana M. , Hoballah Malak , Nassif Sibell Bou , Ghandour Yara , Saliba Jean-Paul , Lawand Nada , Abou-Kheir Wassim
Published: January 2021

Background:

In December 2019, Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China witnessed an
outbreak of a novel type of coronavirus (COVID-19), named severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The sharp rise in the number of infected cases and the surge spike in
fatalities worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this rapid outbreak
a global pandemic in March 2020. The economic, health, and social ramifications of COVID-19 induced
fear and anxiety all over the world.

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to discuss how precautionary measures and restrictions imposed
by governments, such as quarantines, lockdowns, and social distancing, have not only caused
economic losses, but also a rise in mental health problems specifically post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).

Methods:

A deep comprehensive review of the relevant literature regarding the pandemic and its
debilitating consequences on the psychological status of the public was performed.

Results:

This review illustrates that the pandemic had a traumatic impact on the psychological functioning
of the public, particularly COVID-19 survivors, older adults, and healthcare workers, due to
difficulties in coping with new realities and uncertainties.

Conclusion:

In this review, we have discussed the psychological implications of this pandemic and
we have provided an extensive background for understanding options regarding PTSD management
in healthy individuals and those with preexisting conditions.
Crosstalk Between Covid-19 and Associated Neurological Disorders: A Review
Authors: Ramachandran Anu K. , Das Subham , Joseph Alex
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is a global pandemic, primarily affecting the pulmonary system but its effects
on other systems are not certain. Coronavirus, the causative organism, binds with angiotensinconverting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lungs and produces pneumonia-like symptoms.
Other than lungs, ACE2 receptors are also seen in the endothelium of blood vessels. Therefore,
viruses can bind to the ACE2 that is present in the endothelium of brain blood vessels and thus can
invade BBB, leading to neuronal damage. It is also believed that olfactory cells rich in ACE2 receptors
may act as the main route of viral spread into various parts of the brain. The reported neurological
effects of SARS-CoV-2 include cerebrovascular diseases, ageusia and anosmia, Guillain Barre
Syndrome, and viral encephalitis. The extent of neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection
warrants the necessity of further research to systematically classify neurological complications
associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, its diagnosis, and treatment. As ACE2 receptors are present
in various other organs, it is obligatory to study the effect of coronavirus on other organs also.
Since the long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 are unclear, more studies should be conducted to
confirm the effect of the virus on the central nervous system. This review highlights the reported
neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and its mechanism.
Akut apandisit ile birlikte bisiklet yaralanması olan bir çocuk hastada travmanın neden olduğu intrabdominal apse: Olağandışı bir sunum
Authors: Uysal Mehmet , Kuruçay Yıldıray
Published: January 2021

Karın içi apselere, genellikle penetran travma, bağırsak yırtılması veya karın içi ameliyatı sonucu karın içine giren bakteriler neden olur. Karın içindeki apseler karın boşluğu veya karın içindeki bir organ bir şekilde tehlikeye girdiğinde ve bakteriler girebildiğinde gelişebilir. Bu tür durumlar arasında apandisit , bağırsak yırtılması, penetran travma, ameliyat ve Crohn hastalığı veya ülseratif kolit yer alır. Abdominal apsenin bulunduğu yere bağlı olarak, ek nedenler suçlanabilir. Akut apandisit yaygın karşılaşılan ve acil cerrahi gerektiren akut batın tablosudur. Apendikste inflamasyon, gangrenöz değişiklikler ve perforasyon için apendiks lümeninin obstrüksiyonunun gerekli olduğuna inanılmaktadır.Burada nadir görülen travma sonrası karın duvarını da içine alan intraabdominal apse ve akut apandisit birlikteliğini sunmak istedik.
Renovascular Hypertension Due To Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis: A Case Report Of A 4-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Güngörer Vildan , Yılmaz Resul , Sert Ahmet , Nayman Alaaddin , Arslan Şükrü 
Published: January 2021

Renovascular hypertension is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Renovascular hypertension causes 5-10% of childhood hypertension. Renal artery stenosis is the most important cause of renovascular hypertension. Patients with renovascular hypertension may be asymptomatic or present with many symptoms such as headache, vomiting, convulsion, heart disease, and sudden death. In renovascular hypertension, surgical treatment may be required in severe high blood pressure that does not respond to medical treatment.
In this study, we present a four-month-old infant who developed renovascular hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis, which was controlled by angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Evaluation of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Thrombocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume in Children with Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Authors: Yorulmaz Alaaddin
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Rotavirus is most common agent responsible for acute gastroenteritis in Turkey as its in the world. There are no studies about the relationship between hematologic parameters and clinic of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. The aim of this study is to compare the values of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis with healthy controls. Patients with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis, who were admitted to our Department of Pediatric Health and Diseases between January 2016 and January 2017, were included in this study. Patients' data were reviewed, retrospectively. Age, gender, seasonal distribution, symptoms, duration of hospitalization, course of disease, type of acute gastroenteritis, frequency of nosocomial infections and complications were investigated. 210 patients diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis were included in the study. 116 (55.2%) of the patients were male and 94 (44.8%) were female. The mean age of our patients was 39.09±17.64 months. There was no statistically significant difference between genders in terms of mean ages. Mean hospitalization time of patients was 3.75±2.03 days. In our study, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume values were found statistically higher in patients with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis than in healthy subjects. We think that these parameters will be indicative to predict the course of the disease and complications.
The Role of Context in Language Teachers’ Self Development and Motivation
Authors: Thompson Amy S.
Published: January 2021

This book unpacks data from conversations with bi-/multilingual EFL teachers to provide insights into the formation of ideal teacher selves. The author discusses the complexities surrounding the development of the teachers’ selves and motivation, as well as their intertwinement with the sociopolitical realities of their individual contexts.
A carnavalização do ensino jurídico como fuga de um habitus pinguinizado
Authors: Cavalcante Costa Pablo , Rodrigues de Sousa Maria Sueli
Published: January 2021

O presente texto traz o ensino jurídico com Warat por meio da categoria habitus de Bourdieu correlacionada com a formação de práticas especificas do ensino jurídico reproduzidas em um processo que ele chama de “pinguinização”. A problemática é: como a carnavalização do ensino jurídico, proposto por Warat pode ajudar na modificação do habitus jurídico presente no campo do ensino do direito? Ao analisar o processo de pinguinização, há de se perceber que as práticas reproduzidas no interior do campo jurídico tendem a transformar operadores do direito em pinguins, comprometidos com valores distantes da realidade social, e acomodados na ordem dominante. A saída indicada por Warat seria a carnavalização do ensino jurídico com vistas a desfazer as representações ideológicas e explodir às avessas as ordens totalitárias que permeiam este campo.