bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of intelligent algorithms for distributed fiber disturbance detection in complex environments
Authors: Yang Linhui , Yang Xing
Published: February 2025

The development of modern infrastructure has improved gradually with the growth of the economy. Various industries necessitate a lot of protection and require a lot of construction volume. The safety of people and property will be greatly threatened if a threat happens. Consequently, the Internet of Things (IoT) device and technology-based safety perimeter system are essential. Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFSs) are a developing IoT infrastructure and offer a promising solution for continuous monitoring of extensive areas, but they face challenges in complex environments where ambient noise and disturbances can mask true intrusion signals. The objective of the study is to develop intelligent algorithms that enhance the detection capabilities of DOFS in complex environments, focusing on effectively separating disturbance from background noise. Data collection involved capturing six different types of disturbances such as mild touching, knocking, hitting, slapping, trampling, and occasional wagging. Then, pre-processing of input data is performed by applying z-score normalization. Feature extraction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for capturing time-frequency features from DOFS signals is implemented. The study proposed a novel dynamic barnacle mating algorithm-tuned long short-term memory (DBM-LSTM) method that effectively utilizes temporal pattern recognition to distinguish disturbance events. The results demonstrated accuracy in distinguishing intrusion events from ambient noise, with an improved accuracy rate of 99.73%. This indicates that the study highlights a major advancement toward the goal of superior safety system performance in complicated environments.
Validation of a clinical prediction model for falls in community-dwelling older adults with COPD: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Nguyen Khang T. , Ellerton Cindy , Wald Joshua , Raghavan Natya , Macedo Luciana G. , Brooks Dina , Goldstein Roger , Beauchamp Marla K.
Published: February 2025

Background

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at a higher risk of falls. This preliminary study aims to externally validate a previously developed clinical prediction model for falls in community-dwelling older adults with COPD.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a 12-month prospective cohort study. Older adults (≥60 years) with COPD, who reported a fall in the past year and/or had balance concerns, were tracked for 12-month future falls. Baseline predictors included 12-month history of ≥2 falls, total chronic conditions, and Timed Up and Go Dual-Task (TUG-DT) test scores. Model performance was assessed for discrimination (c-statistic), calibration (E:O, CITL, and calibration slope), and clinical value (decision curve analysis).

Results

The study included 89 participants (average age 73 ± 9 years; 83 females; FEV1%predicted = 47%). Of these, 35 (39%) reported ≥1 future fall, totaling 89 falls. The model demonstrated acceptable discrimination (c-statistic = 0.62, CI [0.51,0.72]), and calibration (E:O = 1, CITL = 0, and a calibration slope = 1). Decision curve analysis showed greater clinical value when using the prediction model compared to screening for fall history alone.

Conclusions

A 12-month history of ≥2 falls, higher total chronic conditions, and worse TUG-DT test scores, predicts falls in community-dwelling older adults with COPD. Larger studies are needed before clinical application.
Anatomical Suitability of a Standard Subclavian Branched Endograft in Previous Zone 2 Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Leone Nicola , Andreoli Francesco , Bartolotti Luigi Alberto Maria , Ferri Andrea , Silingardi Roberto , Gennai Stefano
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical suitability of the Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis in patients treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair in landing zone 2. Materials and methods: A total of 517 cases were consecutively treated between 1999 and 2023, of which 102 were deployed in landing zone 2. A total of 92 patients were included in a single-center, retrospective, preclinical suitability study. The suitability for the investigational device was defined according to the manufacturer’s instructions for use. Extended suitability was also evaluated, including patients initially excluded for left subclavian artery measurements. Secondary outcomes were suitable and non-suitable patient comparisons, analysis of exclusion causes, and anatomical characteristics associated with suitability. A logistic regression model evaluated associations between baseline anatomical characteristics and non-suitability. Results: Seventy patients (76.1%) were suitable for implantation, which increased to 77 (83.6%) when analyzing extended suitability. Eighty-seven percent of suitable patients could have been treated with 5 aortic components, and 4 side branch configurations fitted 89.2% of suitable cases. A short prevertebral left subclavian artery length and a short proximal aortic landing zone were the most common causes of anatomical exclusion. The aortic landing zone diameter (odds ratio [OR]=0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.75–0.93, p=0.001) and length (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.14–1.53, p<0.001) along with subclavian length (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.07–1.31, p=0.001) were significantly associated with the odds of suitability. Conclusions: The Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis was anatomically suitable for more than 3 quarters of cases. A limited number of stent-graft configurations could fit the cohort in a remarkable number of patients, paving the way for wide application of this off-the-shelf device.

Clinical Impact

The present paper highlighted a significant feasibility rate for the Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprothesis among patients previously treated with TEVAR and proximal landing in zone. The limited number of stent-graft configurations that could have been implanted in a considerable portion of our cohort could help clinicians to develop a proper endovascular inventory related to this device, paving the way for its wide application.
Digital Leadership: Towards a Dynamic Managerial Capability Perspective of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Leader Capabilities
Authors: Hossain Sahadat , Fernando Mario , Akter Shahriar
Published: February 2025

A new form of human-machine collaborative capabilities has been called to complement traditional capabilities to ensure higher but more responsible performance in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven organizational environments. Dynamic Managerial Capabilities (DMC) allow organizations to use their resources to neutralize threats and harness opportunities in competitive environments. Using DMC as our theoretical framework, we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews to explore the dimensions of leaders’ capabilities in AI environments with two specific aims. First, to identify the leaders’ essential capabilities in the AI environment and second, to develop a novel AI-driven digital leadership capability framework to lead AI-driven organizations effectively. Our findings show that leaders who dynamically manage AI tools and processes are better equipped to succeed in organizations where AI is a key factor. Our findings have theoretical implications for DMC theory and leadership as well as practical implications for effectively managing ethical issues of emerging technologies. We conclude by outlining research opportunities on how AI-driven leader capabilities can make digital leadership more effective.
RISE-MX, a real-world study of patients with moderate/severe inflammatory bowel disease returning for hospital follow-up in Mexico: baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment and disease status
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez Manuel Alejandro , Bosques-Padilla Francisco J. , Miranda-Cordero Rosa María , Yamamoto-Furusho Jesus K.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by periods of remission and relapses, and treatment is based on phenotype, risk factors, and disease severity. Treatments include 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), thiopurines, methotrexate, calcineurin inhibitors, corticosteroids (CS), biological therapy (BxT), and, more recently, small molecules.

Objective:

To determine the baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and disease status of patients in Mexico with a history of moderate/severe IBD returning for hospital follow-up (Index Day).

Design:

This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, and prescribed treatments were collected from a retrospective review (3 years) of each patient’s medical records.

Results:

A total of 326 patients with a diagnosis of moderate/severe IBD at least 6 months before the Index Day were included in the analysis: 95 patients (29.2%) had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 231 (70.9%) ulcerative colitis (UC). In the CD group, 45.3% ( n = 43) had a Harvey Bradshaw Index score ⩾8 or Crohn’s Disease Activity Index ⩾220; 10 patients had a B1-non-stenosing, non-penetrating phenotype and 17 had stenosis (B2). In the UC group, 18.2% ( n = 42) had moderate/severe disease and the most frequent presentation was pancolitis ( n = 56). Regarding treatment over the previous 3 years: for CD, 62 (65.3%) received CS and 20.0% ( n = 19) were CS-dependent; 30.5% received 5-ASA + IMS; 27.4% BxT + IMS; and 38.9% 5-ASA + IMS + BxT. In the case of UC, 74.9% ( n = 173) received CS and 32.9% ( n = 76) were CS-dependent; 64.5% received 5-ASA + IMS; 2.2% BxT + IMS; and 31.6% 5-ASA + IMS + BxT.

Conclusion:

In Mexico, 45.3% of CD patients and 18.1% with UC presented with moderate/severe disease activity. Conventional therapy was used to treat the majority of patients, and the availability of more advanced therapies and a personalized treatment approach is needed to improve clinical outcomes in the future.
Epidemiology of acromioclavicular joint separations presenting to emergency departments in the United States between 2004 and 2023
Authors: Boufadel Peter , Fares Mohamad Y , Daher Mohammad , Lopez Ryan , Khan Adam Z , Abboud Joseph A
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation is a common injury that results from direct or indirect trauma to the shoulder. The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence, demographic variations, and injury mechanisms of AC joint separations in the United States from 2004 to 2023.

Methods

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried to identify all patients who visited participating emergency departments between 2004 and 2023 and were diagnosed with an AC joint separation. Examined variables included age, sex, year, and injury mechanisms. National injury estimates were calculated using sample weights. Annual incidence rates were calculated using U.S. Census population estimates.

Results

A total of 4163 AC joint separations were recorded, representing an estimated 196,983 injuries. The overall incidence rate was 3.1 per 100,000 person-years. The highest incidence of AC joint separations was among patients aged 10 to 30 years (47.6%), and the majority of patients were male (83.9%). Sports-related injuries had a significantly greater incidence rate compared to transportation-related and fall-related injuries (p < 0.001). The most common injury mechanisms involved bicycles (15.9%), football (10.5%), stairs/steps (6.0%), and snowboarding (5.8%).

Conclusion

The incidence of AC joint separations has increased over the past two decades, with the majority caused by sports-related and transportation-related injuries. Level of Evidence: III
Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Foot Screening Based on Digital Image Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anggreni Ni Kadek Indah Sunar , Kristianto Heri , Handayani Dian , Yueniwati Yuyun , Irawan Paulus Lucky Tirma , Rosandi Rulli , Kapti Rinik Eko , Purnama Avief Destian
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Early detection of diabetic foot complications is essential for effective management and prevention of complications. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on digital image analysis offers a promising noninvasive method for diabetic foot screening. This systematic review aims to identify a study on the development of an AI model for diabetic foot screening using digital image analysis.

Methodology:

The review scrutinized articles published between 2018 and 2023, sourced from PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. The keyword-based search resulted in 2214 relevant articles and nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The article quality assessment was done through Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS). Data were extracted and analyzed using NVivo.

Results:

Thermal imagery or foot thermogram was the main data source, with plantar temperature distribution patterns as an important indicator. Deep learning methods, specifically artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are the most commonly used methods. The highest performance is demonstrated by the ANN model with MATLAB’s Image Processing Toolbox that is able to classify each type of macula with 97.5% accuracy. The findings show the great potential of AI in improving the accuracy and efficiency of diabetic foot screening.

Conclusion:

This research provides important insights into the development of AI in digital image–based diabetic foot screening. Future studies need to focus on evaluating clinical applicability, including ethical aspects and patient data security, as well as developing more comprehensive data sets.
The Right Coronary Artery Myocardial Bridging: A Case Series
Authors: Velayutham Ramanathan , G Parthiban , Vinayagam Premnath , VK Gowtham
Published: February 2025

Myocardial bridging of the coronary artery has been increasingly recognized as a cause of angina, myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death owing to the advanced imaging systems being available. It has been most commonly found to occur in the left anterior descending artery as it runs down the interventricular groove between the right and left ventricle. Here we report two cases of isolated right coronary artery bridging with different clinical profiles and their importance in clinical practice. We also discuss the pathophysiology, complications, and management of myocardial bridging in regard to the two cases.
Genetic and phenotypic responses of temperature-independent Hessian fly-resistant durum wheat to larval attack during heat stress
Authors: Subramanyam Subhashree , Nemacheck Jill A. , Suetsugu Taylor E. , Flynn Rachel D. , Faik Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Background

Wheat production is increasingly challenged by the devastating damage caused by insect pests. The advent of global warming is further exacerbating this threat. Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), a dipteran gall midge, is a destructive pest of host wheat (Triticum aestivum) having severe economic consequences. Planting wheat cultivars harboring resistance genes is the most effective and economical Hessian fly management strategy. However, heat stress poses a challenge to this strategy, as elevated temperature often breaks down Hessian fly resistance in wheat. Our prior study identified temperature-independent resistant T. turgidum (durum wheat) accessions that maintained resistance to Hessian fly when challenged with an increased temperature of 30 °C. In this study, we carried out follow-up characterization of these durum lines to highlight molecular components involved during Hessian fly resistance or susceptibility in wheat following heat stress.

Results

Temperature-independent resistant durum lines were greater than 70% resistant to multiple Hessian fly biotypes at the elevated temperature of 30 °C. At the molecular level, these lines showed increased transcripts of Hfr-1, a gene encoding an antinutrient lectin, unlike the heat-triggered susceptible durum wheat. The Hessian fly susceptibility-associated biomarker genes were significantly upregulated in the durum wheat with heat-triggered susceptibility at 30 °C, resembling the gene expression profile observed in susceptible wheat. None of these susceptibility-associated genes were differentially expressed in the temperature-independent resistant wheat. Genes involved in oxidative stress and jasmonic acid pathways did not reveal any specific expression pattern attributed to either heat stress or larval feeding. Neutral red staining revealed limited cell wall permeability in the temperature-independent resistant wheat, unlike the heat-triggered susceptible durum plants that were highly permeable similar to a wheat line susceptible to Hessian fly at 20 °C.

Conclusions

Temperature-independent resistant durum wheat lines provided robust resistance to multiple Hessian fly biotypes at higher temperatures. These lines offer a valuable resource for wheat producers for providing resistance following heat stress.
Noise is an underrecognized problem in medical decision making and is known by other names: a scoping review
Authors: Dlugos Kayla V. , Mazwi Mjaye , Lao Robert , Honjo Osami
Published: February 2025

Unwanted random variability in day-to-day decision making referred to as ‘noise’ is associated with unhelpful variation that affects both the reproducibility and quality of decision making. Although this is described in other fields, the prevalence of noise in medical decision making and its effects on patient outcomes and the process and efficiency of care have not been reported and are unknown. This review sought to explore noise as a feature of medical decision making, as well as explore potential sources of noise in this setting. The search generated 2,082 results. Analysis of 14 studies included in the review (11 PubMed, 3 reference mining) suggests noise is a driver of unhelpful practice variation and may have important effects on care efficiency and reproducibility. 7 of the 14 studies demonstrated pattern noise, 3 demonstrated occasion noise, and 5 demonstrated stable pattern noise. The decision making in 8 studies demonstrated level noise, and lastly the decision making in 4 of the studies demonstrated system noise, a combination of both pattern and level noise. Additional study is required to ascertain how to measure and mitigate noise in medical decision making, as well as better understand the sources of noise present. Clinical trial number not applicable.
Evaluating the implementation of PROMs and PREMs in routine clinical care: co-design of tools from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Amat-Fernandez Clara , Pardo Yolanda , Ferrer Montse , Bosch Guillermo , Lizano-Barrantes Catalina , Briseño-Diaz Renata , Vernet-Tomas Maria , Fumadó Lluís , Beisani Marc , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Bach-Pascual Anna , Garin Olatz ,   Hospital de Mar Patient-Reported Measures Group, Pont Ángels , Zamora Víctor , Argudo Nuria , Bach Anna , Benaiges David , Castells Xavier , Cecchini Lluis , Chamoun Betty , Hurtado Marta , Hurtado Marta , Noguera Alicia , Pérez-Piñero Maribel , Pérez-Sáez María José , Servitja Sonia , Siles Cristina , Villatoro Montserrat , Chamoun Betty , Valderas Jose Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

Implementation of patient-reported measures (PRMs) is an integral element for patient-centered models; however, there is still hardly any quantitative evidence regarding its impact in routine care settings. The objective of this study was to codesign two concise tools that allow for a standardized and longitudinal assessment of the implementation of PRMs in routine care in terms of acceptability and perceived value from the perspective of both patients and healthcare professionals.

Methods

A list of constructs and items to be presented, separately, to patients and healthcare professionals was created from evidence gathered through a narrative literature review. Focus groups, composed of either patients or healthcare professionals from different chronic conditions, were conducted for the co-design of independent assessments. Once agreement was reached, the content validity was examined in separate consensus meetings.

Results

A total of 10 patients and 10 healthcare professionals participated in the focus groups. After 7 focus groups, the PRMs Implementation Assessment Tool for patients (PRMIAT-P) was developed with 33 items in 9 constructs, and the tool for healthcare professionals (PRMIAT-HP) had 33 items in 16 constructs. Content validity was confirmed for both tools.

Conclusions

The perspective of patients and healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of PRMs in routine care can be evaluated quantitively with the PRMIAT tools. These tools are understandable, concise and comprehensive, and can be used in multiple settings and for different chronic conditions. They have been codesigned as a standard set to facilitate both longitudinal assessments and performing benchmarking among different initiatives.
AZIN1 level is increased in medulloblastoma and correlates with c-Myc activity and tumor phenotype
Authors: Sesen Julie , Martinez Tyra , Busatto Sara , Poluben Larysa , Nassour Hassan , Stone Caroline , Ashok Karthik , Moses Marsha A. , Smith Edward R. , Ghalali Aram
Published: February 2025

Background

AZIN1 is a cell cycle regulator that is upregulated in a variety of cancers. AZIN1 overexpression can induce a more aggressive tumor phenotype via increased binding and resultant inhibition of antizyme. Antizyme is a protein that normally functions as an anti-tumor regulator that facilitates the deactivation of several growth-promoting proteins including c-Myc. MYC plays a critical role in medulloblastoma pathogenesis. Its amplification serves as a defining characteristic of group 3 medulloblastomas, associated with the most aggressive clinical course, greater frequency of metastases, and shorter survival times.

Methods

Medulloblastoma tissues (68 TMA, and 45 fresh tissues, and 31 controls) were stained (fluorescence and immunohistochemical) for AZIN1. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the AZIN1 level. Phenotypically aggressive cellular features were measured by increased invasion, colony formation and proliferation. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated AZIN1 knocked-out cells were orthotopically implanted in the cerebellum of nude mice (n = 8/group) with a stereotactic frame. Tumor growth was monitored using the In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS).

Results

Here, we investigated the role of AZIN1 expression in medulloblastoma. We found that overexpression of AZIN1 in medulloblastoma cells induces phenotypically aggressive features. Conducting in vivo studies we found that knocking-out AZIN1 in tumors corresponds with reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival. Clinical specimens are revealing that AZIN1 is highly expressed and directly correlates with MYC amplification status in patients.

Conclusion

These data implicate AZIN1 as a putative regulator of medulloblastoma pathogenesis and suggest that it may have clinical application as both a biomarker and novel therapeutic target.
Mullerian anomalies: revisiting imaging and classification
Authors: Dixit Rashmi , Duggireddy Chitty Suvarna , Pradhan Gaurav Shanker
Published: February 2025

Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are a group of uncommon but treatable causes of infertility and pregnancy complications. This review describes the embryology, American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification 2021, and corresponding imaging features of MDA. The three phases of embryological development of Mullerian duct structures are described. The main emphasis is on the ASRM 2021 classification of MDA into nine descriptive categories, while the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE) classification is also briefly described where necessary. MRI imaging features of MDA along with the acquisition techniques are discussed in detail, as MRI is the ideal imaging modality for MDA diagnosis. In addition, the current role of imaging modalities such as hysterosalpingography and ultrasound including 3D transvaginal ultrasound is also elucidated. The review aims to revisit the MRI imaging features of Mullerian anomalies and reiterates that an accurate description of each anomaly and precise communication with clinicians is the priority rather than rigidly fitting the anomaly into one particular category.

Critical relevance statement

The ASRM 2021 classification of Mullerian anomalies has re-defined the criteria for an arcuate uterus. Radiologists must know of the new classification and imaging features and try to describe each anomaly accurately rather than forcefully fitting an anomaly into a definite category.

Key Points

MDA has an important role in infertility and pregnancy complications.

Knowledge of imaging features helps radiologists aid patient management; MRI is the preferred imaging modality for MDAs.

An accurate MRI-based description of Mullerian anomalies is crucial, avoiding the pitfalls of rigid categorization.

Graphical Abstract
The role of imaging in defining cardiovascular risk to help cancer patient management: a scoping review
Authors: Farì Roberto , Besutti Giulia , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Ligabue Guido , Piroli Francesco , Mantovani Francesca , Navazio Alessandro , Larocca Mario , Pinto Carmine , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Tarantini Luigi
Published: February 2025

Objective

This scoping review explores the potential role of cancer-staging chest CT scans in assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk in cancer patients. It aims to evaluate: (1) the correlation between non-gated chest CT and the conventional Agatston score from cardiac CT; (2) the association between coronary calcium scores from non-gated chest CT and CV risk in non-oncological patients; (3) the link between coronary calcium assessed by non-gated chest CT and CV events or endothelial damage in cancer patients.

Methods

Three different searches were performed on PubMed, according to the three steps described above. Both original articles and systematic reviews were included.

Results

Many studies in the literature have found a strong correlation between coronary calcium scores from non-gated chest CTs and the conventional Agatston scores from gated cardiac CTs. Various methodologies, including Agatston scoring, ordinal scoring, and the “extent” and “length” methods, have been successfully adapted for use with non-gated chest CTs. Studies show that non-gated scans, even those using iodinated contrast, can accurately assess coronary calcification and predict CV risk, with correlations as high as r = 0.94 when compared to cardiac CTs. In oncological settings, studies demonstrated a significant link between coronary calcium levels on non-gated chest CTs and higher CV risk, including MACE and overall mortality.

Conclusions

Radiological assessment of coronary calcium on non-gated CT scans shows potential for improving CV risk prediction.

Critical relevance statement

Non-gated chest CT scans can detect endothelial damage in cancer patients, highlighting the need for standardized radiological practices to assess CV risks during routine oncological follow-up, thereby enhancing radiology’s role in comprehensive cancer care.

Key Points

Cancer therapies improve outcomes but increase cardiovascular risk, requiring balanced management.

Coronary calcification on non-gated CT correlates with Agatston scores, predicting cardiovascular risk.

Routinely performed CTs predict cardiovascular risk, optimizing the management of cancer patients.

Graphical Abstract
Frequency, phenotypes, and neuroimaging of early post stroke movement disorders: a prospective study
Authors: Samra Eslam , Roushdy Tamer , Zaki Amr S. , Mansour Alia H. , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Shalash Ali
Published: February 2025

Background

A prospective observational study recruited patients with acute stroke. Patients were assessed for the presence of post-stroke movement disorders PSMDs during the first week of stroke. This study aimed to identify the frequency, clinical characteristics, and neuroimaging of early PSMDs (within the first week) and followed for 1 year.

Results

A total of 600 patients were recruited; 21 patients (3.5%) with PSMDs were detected. Thirteen (2.2%) patients presented with intention tremor/ataxia and eight (1.3%) presented with other movement disorders (most commonly, chorea and tremor). One patient presented with periodic left upper limb shaking with right subcortical watershed infarction, and one patient developed palatal myoclonus with right middle cerebral artery infarction. Patients with PSMDs had significantly lower stroke severity (NIHSS) and were more likely to have lacunar strokes (p < 0.001 and < 0.006, respectively) than patients without PSMDs. Early PSMDs were more associated with posterior circulation strokes (84.25%).

Conclusions

Early PSMDs are commonly hyperkinetic, more associated with small vessel disease, and less severe and posterior circulation strokes, implying their clinical importance for the proper management of stroke patients.
Modeling seismic attenuation and dispersion in partially-saturated rocks based on fluid distribution from CT scans
Authors: Ba Jing , Che Haojie , Sun Chao , Zhang Lin , Carcione José M.
Published: February 2025

The anelastic properties of seismic waves (attenuation and velocity dispersion) in partially saturated rocks depend on the spatial distribution of pore fluids. We map the fluid distributions in the three sections of a limestone core sample with X-ray computed tomography (CT scans) and obtain the radii and volume fractions of the gas patches. These statistical data are input into an infinituple-porosity model with partial saturation, the results of which are compared with the forced oscillation (from 0.004 to 100 Hz) and ultrasonic (1 MHz) measurements, and the results by the fractal model, the continuous random media model and the finite-element method. The anelastic properties show significant differences along different sections due to the fluid distribution. We show that it is possible to effectively characterize seismic anelasticity in a partially saturated limestone by using actual fluid distributions from CT scans and an appropriate petro-elastic model. The agreement between theory and experiment proves the validity of our approach.#xD;
SV-P illumination with P-sources and vertical geophones
Authors: Hardage Bob A.
Published: February 2025

Recent research at the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) has focused on probing deeply buried rocks with shear-wave illumination. The challenge has been that the seismic data that were available to the research team were data generated by vertical-vibrators and recorded with vertical geophones. This BEG research has now demonstrated important, but conflicting, facts: (1) vertical vibrators and vertical geophones can produce excellent quality SV-P data, but (2) in some instances, vertical vibrators and vertical geophones do not produce usable SV-P data. This paper focuses on what causes such dramatic differences in the quality of vertical vibrator/vertical geophone SV-P images. The science involved in generating good-quality SV-P data with vertical vibrators and vertical geophones seems to now be understood. The material that follows presents the SV-P imaging principles developed at BEG that should be invaluable in utilizing legacy, vertical-vibrator data in carbon storage investigations.
Circulant systems can get synchronized with cross-variable coupling
Authors: Shivakumar R. , Shekofteh Yasser , Natiq Hayder , Parastesh Fatemeh , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Jafari Sajad
Published: February 2025

Diffusive coupling plays a crucial role in numerous applications by facilitating the diffusion of energy or information among systems. Typically, this type of coupling is defined by the same variables in coupled systems. However, this paper demonstrates that in circulant systems, diffusive coupling can be applied to cross variables with cyclical symmetry. This approach results in a unique form of synchronization known as circulant synchronization, occurring among the cross variables. Furthermore, a dynamic analysis reveals that these systems can exhibit various synchronization manifolds, including periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic attractors.
Comparative Effects of Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting on Visual Recovery in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Oya Soichi , Yoshida Shinsuke , Saito Akira , Iihoshi Satoshi , Obata Hiroto , Yamasaki Atsushi , Koizumi Takahiro , Shojima Masaaki , Suzuki Kaima , Ooigawa Hidetoshi , Kohyama Shinya , Kikkawa Yuichiro , Kurita Hiroki
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) reduce the risk of stroke, their efficacy in improving decreased vision is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of CEA and CAS on ocular blood flow (OBF) and visual acuity (VA) in patients with carotid artery stenosis, while also exploring the possible relevance of postoperative microembolisms to visual recovery.

METHODS:

The results of 78 procedures (CEA, 39; CAS, 39) performed in 76 patients with carotid artery stenosis were prospectively analyzed. OBF was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy to assess the mean blur ratio, which reflects the absolute retinal blood flow. VA was assessed using Contrast Sensitivity Vision-1000, which measures contrast sensitivity, and the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated as a measure of VA. Microembolisms were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging immediately after surgery, and their effects on retinal vessels were assessed using optical coherence tomography of the central fovea.

RESULTS:

Both treatments significantly enhanced OBF (MBR: 31.4 to 37.9 [P < .0001] for CEA; 33.9 to 37.8 [P = .007] for CAS). VA improved significantly after CEA (AULCSF: 1.03 to 1.06, P = .02), but not after CAS (1.08 vs 1.06, P = .37). In the analysis of all 78 patients, those with postoperative microembolisms showed poorer visual improvement (AULCSF change 0.01 vs −0.07, P = .01). In addition, among 39 patients assessed with optical coherence tomography, retinal vessel density decreased significantly more after CAS than CEA (−0.5 vs 1.1, P = .04).

CONCLUSION:

Although carotid revascularization can enhance OBF, VA improved only after CEA. Microembolisms appear to impair visual recovery. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing visual function in patients with carotid artery stenosis and the need for personalized treatment approaches based on individual visual profiles and stroke risk.
Early-life environment shapes claw bilateral asymmetry in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus)
Authors: Latini Lorenzo , Burini Gioia , Mazza Valeria , Grignani Giacomo , De Donno Riccardo , Bello Eleonora , Tricarico Elena , Malavasi Stefano , Nascetti Giuseppe , Canestrelli Daniele , Carere Claudio
Published: February 2025

Developmental plasticity refers to an organism's ability to adjust its development in response to changing environmental conditions, leading to changes in behaviour, physiology, or morphology. This adaptability is crucial for survival and helps organisms to cope with environmental challenges throughout their lives. Understanding the mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity, particularly how environmental and ontogenetic factors shape functional traits, is fundamental for both evolutionary biology and conservation efforts. In this study we investigated the effects of early-life environmental conditions on the development of claw asymmetry in juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus, N=244), a functional trait essential for survival and ecological success. Juveniles were randomly divided between four different rearing conditions characterized by the presence or absence of physical enrichments (e.g., substrate and shelters), which were introduced at different developmental stages in separated groups to assess the timing and nature of their effect. Results revealed that exposure to substrate alone, without additional stimuli, consistently promoted claw asymmetry, regardless of the timing of its introduction, while the 6th developmental stage emerged as the critical period for claw differentiation. By identifying the environmental factors that influence developmental outcomes in lobsters, and the timing of these effects, this study improves our understanding of developmental plasticity and offers valuable insights for optimizing conservation aquaculture and reintroduction strategies.
Οι τοιχογραφίες του παρεκκλησίου του Αγίου Αποστόλου Ανδρέα της Μονής Βατοπεδίου
Authors: Σεραφειμίδης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2025

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη των τοιχογραφιών που κοσμούν το εσωτερικό του παρεκκλησίου του Αγίου Αποστόλου Ανδρέα της Μονής Βατοπεδίου. Το παρεκκλήσιο, το οποίο βρίσκεται στον ανώτερο όροφο της βόρειας πτέρυγας της Μονής, στη συμβολή του βόρειου με τον δυτικό τοίχο, φέρει τοιχογραφίες που ιστορήθηκαν το 1798 από άγνωστους ζωγράφους. Στο πλαίσιο της έρευνας, οι αδημοσίευτες μέχρι σήμερα αυτές τοιχογραφίες μελετήθηκαν συστηματικά, με σκοπό την επιβεβαίωση ή την απόρριψη παλαιότερης άποψης που τις απέδιδε στο αγιορείτικο εργαστήριο των Γαλατσιάνων ζωγράφων. Παράλληλα, εξετάστηκαν οι τοιχογραφίες πέντε ακόμη μνημείων της Μονής, οι οποίες έχουν επίσης αποδοθεί στο συγκεκριμένο καλλιτεχνικό εργαστήριο: α. της τράπεζας (1786), β. του νάρθηκα του παρεκκλησίου του Αγίου Δημητρίου (1791), γ. του νάρθηκα του παρεκκλησίου του Αγίου Νικολάου (1802), δ. του εξωνάρθηκα και της λιτής του κυριακού της σκήτης του Αγίου Δημητρίου (1806) και ε. της λιτής του καθολικού της Μονής (1819). Ως εκ τούτου, η μελέτη επιδιώκει να προσφέρει νέες οπτικές σχετικά με την ταυτότητα των ζωγράφων του παρεκκλησίου του Αγίου Αποστόλου Ανδρέα, να εμπλουτίσει τη γνώση σχετικά με την τέχνη τους και να συμβάλει στις ευρύτερες προσπάθειες των τελευταίων ετών που αποσκοπούν στην αποτίμηση της συνολικής καλλιτεχνικής τους παραγωγής.
Trends in Smart Restaurant Research: Bibliometric Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Cardona-Acevedo Sebastián , Martínez Rojas Ezequiel , Ramírez Dávila Juana , Rodriguez-Correa Paula , Palacios-Moya Lucia , Teodori de la Puente Renata , Agudelo-Ceballos Erica , Benjumea-Arias Martha
Published: February 2025

Background The automation of processes and services has transformed various industries, including the restaurant sector. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and big data have been increasingly adopted to enhance service delivery, improve user experiences, and enable data traceability. By collecting user feedback and analyzing sentiments, these technologies facilitate decision-making and offer predictive insights into future food preferences. This study aims to explore current research trends in intelligent restaurants, focusing on technological applications that improve service and decision-making. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. A total of 94 academic documents were reviewed from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on publications related to intelligent restaurant systems, particularly involving IoT and automation technologies. Results The analysis revealed that the United States, India, and China have contributed the most to the field, with a particular emphasis on China’s implementation of IoT architecture and robotics in restaurant settings. Chinese restaurant innovations, particularly in robotics, are among the most frequently cited in the literature. The study identifies these countries as leading the research in the intelligent restaurant domain. Conclusions Technologies such as IoT, machine learning, RFID, and big data are driving advancements in restaurant automation, enhancing service efficiency and user experience. The United States, India, and China are leading research in this area, with China standing out for its application of robotics and IoT in restaurants. This research provides a foundation for future studies aimed at improving predictive models for food selection and service optimization.
Assessment of perioperative bleeding in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries: A single-center study
Authors: Kulkarni Malavika , Shah Hitesh Hasmukhlal , subbiah Sanjana , Kanakalakshmi Sushma Thimmaiah , Shenoy Laxmi , KrishnaBhat RamaRani , D'mello Priya Genevieve
Published: February 2025

Background “Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders involving collagen type I with a 10–30% incidence of bleeding diathesis placing these individuals at an increased risk of bleeding. Our study aims to ascertain the risk factors that increase the propensity of perioperative blood transfusions in pediatric population. Methods A single center retrospective observational study of patients aged <18 years undergoing orthopedic surgeries at our tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to August 2024 were included and each surgery was analyzed as a discrete event. Age, type of OI, number of osteotomies, and number of bones operated simultaneously were recorded. The fall in hemoglobin, requirement for blood transfusions and associated factors were analyzed. Results Amongst 53 individuals who underwent surgery, 141 procedures were analyzed. The mean age was 11.07± 5.29 years, majority (n=33;62.2%) were phenotypically type III OI, and 42/53 (79%) patients underwent multiple osteotomies. Significant hemoglobin fall was observed after surgery (p<0.001) and was considerable in patients undergoing various osteotomies (p=0.002). Older children showed a smaller drop in hemoglobin level. Patients with type III OI showed significant hemoglobin fall (1.82 ± 0.86 g/dL). The transfusion requirement was seen in 23 (16.3%) surgeries besides it was significant in those undergoing multiple osteotomies (p= <0.05). Conclusion Our study inferred that the fall in hemoglobin was significant postoperatively in OI patients and was associated with younger age, type III OI, and multiple osteotomies. Before performing orthopedic surgeries on patients with OI, surgeons might consider the latter risk factors to explore therapeutic options aimed at reducing hemorrhage and improving outcomes.
Deformational symmetries of smooth functions on non-orientable surfaces
Authors: Kuznietsova Iryna , Maksymenko Sergiy
Published: February 2025

Given a compact surface $M$, consider the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms $\mathcal{D}(M)$ of $M$ on $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M,\mathbb{R})$ defined by the rule: $(f,h)\mapsto f\circ h$ for $f\in \mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M,\mathbb{R})$ and $h\in\mathcal{D}(M)$.
Denote by $\mathcal{F}(M)$ the subset of $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M,\mathbb{R})$ consisting of functions $\func\colon M\to\mathbb{R}$ taking constant values on connected components of $\partial{M}$, having no critical points on $\partial{M}$, and such that at each of its critical points $z$ the function $f$ is $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}$ equivalent to some homogenenous polynomial without multiple factors.
In particular, $\mathcal{F}(M)$ contains all Morse maps.
Let also
$\mathcal{O}(f) = \{ f\circ h \mid h\in\mathcal{D}(M) \}$ be the orbit of $f$.
Previously, the algebraic structure of $\pi_1\mathcal{O}(f)$ was computed
for all $f\in\mathcal{F}(M)$, where $M$ is any orientable compact surface distinct from $2$-sphere.
In the present paper we compute the group $\pi_0\mathcal{S}(f,\partial\mathbb{M})$, where $\mathbb{M}$ is a Möbius band, and $\mathcal{S}(f,\partial\mathbb{M}) = \{ h\in\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{M}) \mid f\circ h = f, \ h|_{\partial \mathbb{M}} = \mathrm{id}_{\mathbb{M}}\}$ is the subgroup of the corresponding stabilizer of $f$ consisting of diffeomorphisms fixed on the boundary $\partial \mathbb{M}$.
As a consequence we obtain an explicit algebraic description of $\pi_1\mathcal{O}(f)$ for all non-orientable surfaces distinct from Klein bottle and projective plane.
Milnor attractors and period incrementing on pattern iterations of flat top tent maps
Authors: Silva Luís , Silva Teresa M.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the family of non-autonomous dynamical systems obtained by iterating tent maps with a flat top of constant value $u$ introduced at instants $i$ such that $s_i=0$, where $s$ is a binary sequence that we call the iteration pattern.
We introduce symbolic dynamics and study the kneading invariants for these dynamical systems. More precisely, we define the kneading invariants $K(u,s)$ as symbolic sequences and study sufficient conditions for a symbolic sequence to be a kneading invariant $K(u,s)$ for some $u$, for each iteration pattern $s$.
Finally, we describe the parameters $u$ for which there are Milnor attractors for iteration patterns $s$ such that $s_{np}=0$ for all $n$, as limits of parameter sequences corresponding to local attractors, organized according to a period-incrementing structure.
Multiplicity of solutions to critical p-Laplace equations involving a Hardy potential
Authors: Le Diem Hang T. , Le Phuong
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we prove the existence of at least $N$ pairs of nontrivial solutions to the doubly critical quasilinear elliptic problem
\[
-\Delta_p u - \frac{\lambda}{|x|^p}|u|^{p-2}u
=a(x)|u|^{p-2}u + |u|^{p^*-2}u
\]
in $\mathbb{R}^N$, as well as in smooth bounded domains, where $1< p< N$, $0< \lambda< (({N-p})/{p})^p$ and $a$ is strictly positive in a small ball.
Our results hold under the assumption that $N\ge p^2$ and $\lambda$
and $\|a^+\|_{L^{N/p}}$ are small enough.
To circumvent difficulties due to the lack of compactness of the problem, we combine Krasnosel'ski{\u\i}'s genus with a recent classification result by Oliva,
Sciunzi, Vaira (J. Math. Pures Appl. {\bf 140} (2020), 89-109) and global compactness results by Li, Guo, Niu (Nonlinear Anal. {\bf 74} (2011), no.\ 4,
1445-1464).
Metodología para identificar áreas prioritarias de restauración post-incendio: estudio del incendio forestal de Sierra Bermeja 2021.
Authors: Perales-Vallejo Manuel J. , Hueso-González Paloma , Ruiz-Sinoga José Damián
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una metodología preliminar que permita
identificar las zonas de actuación prioritarias en la restauración post-incendio en el
incendio forestal ocurrido en Sierra Bermeja (provincia de Málaga) en 2021. El fuego
afectó a un entorno serpentínico donde se produjo uno de los incendios más relevantes de las últimas décadas en la provincia de Málaga, con 8.401 hectáreas calcinadas. Para la delimitación de las zonas de actuación prioritarias, se han utilizado una
metodología multicriterio que combina técnicas de teledetección, muestreo y analíticas de suelos y modelos para el cálculo de tasas de erosión. Todo ello integrado en
un entorno SIG. Los resultados de la metodología propuesta arrojan que tres áreas
de Sierra Bermeja presentan una importante severidad incendiaria y graves problemas de regeneración natural por su afección en suelos, cubierta vegetal y elevadas
tasas erosión
Internacionalización de la educación superior en Colombia: retos y perspectivas desde la experiencia de la Asociación Colombia-Challenge Your Knowledge
Authors: Anzola Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Este capítulo esboza los principales retos que ha asumido Colombia en materia de internacionalización y que se han procurado atender por las instituciones de educación superior (IES) con otros estamentos. Así las cosas, se presentan, además, algunos aprendizajes a partir de la experiencia de CCYK, de tal suerte que se pueda fomentar un trabajo más colegiado entre los distintos actores que coparticipan en el ecosistema de la educación superior en torno a la gestión de su internacionalización.