bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Self‐assembly of a Helical Polymer Grafted from a Foldable Polyurethane Scaffold
Authors: Barman Ranajit , Dey Pradip , Mondal Tathagata , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: September 2019

Herein a polyurethane graft poly‐l‐glutamate amphiphilic copolymer was synthesized from a polyurethane (PU)‐based macro‐initiator (containing pendant primary amine groups) through the ring opening polymerization of N‐carboxy anhydride of γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate (BLG‐NCA). On average, twenty two l‐glutamic acids were grafted from each amino group which was pendant on the polyurethane chain with 10 repeating units. The grafted polymer (PU‐PP‐1) exhibits self‐assembly to produce a hydrogel in a wide pH window ranging from pH 5.0 to 8.0 with a critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 5.0 wt % (w/v) at pH 7.4. Furthermore, circular dichroism study revealed the transition of the α‐helix to a random coil upon increasing the pH. Due to the protonation of side chains at pH 4.0, PU‐PP‐1 adopted an α‐helical conformation whereas at pH >8.0 the side‐chain carboxylic acid groups of the PLGAs were ionized, leading to the formation of an extended random coil conformation as a result of charge repulsion. Conformational switching was also supported by FTIR spectroscopy.
Benzylamine as Hydrogen Transfer Agent: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Chemoselective C=C Bond Reduction of β‐Trifluoromethylated α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones via 1,5‐Hydrogen Transfer
Authors: Li Xuewei , Wu Xiaoting , Tang Liang , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: September 2019

An efficient cobalt‐catalyzed chemoselective reduction of β‐CF3‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones using benzylamine as hydrogen transfer agent involving intramolecular 1,5‐hydrogen transfer is reported. The reaction proceeded smoothly with a relatively wide range of substrates including those bearing aromatic heterocycles such as a furyl ring system in high yields (74–92 %). This provides an efficient method for the synthesis of β‐CF3 saturated ketones in one‐pot. This methodology was also applied to the selective C=C reduction of other enone substrates bearing no β‐CF3‐substituent, of which β‐substituted or β,β‐disubstituted enones are tolerated, giving the desired products in good yields (72–75 %). Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves 1,5‐hydrogen transfer.
Combination of rice varieties and cooking methods resulting in a high content of resistant starch
Authors: Kim Ha Ram , Hong Jung Sun , Ryu A‐Reum , Choi Hee‐Don
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives

With the interest in increasing resistant starch (RS) of cooked rice, lowering its digestibility has been attempted but not established yet. Herein, we aimed to develop a simple cost‐effective method to prepare RS‐enriched cooked rice. Various combinations of rice types, cooking methods, and additives were investigated to increase the RS content.

Findings

The high‐amylose cultivar (~28% amylose), retort‐type cooking (121°C, 30 min, 15 psi), and brown rice resulted in higher RS content than that of normal rice, conventional cooking, and white rice, respectively. The effect of various food additives in soaking water on additional RS formation was marginal except for citric acid or soybean oil.

Conclusions

The method for producing RS‐enriched cooked rice was successfully established using high‐amylose brown rice via soaking in 30–40 mg/ml citric acid solution, retort‐type cooking, and drying. Its high RS content is likely due to collective effects from starch retrogradation, amylose‐lipid complex, restricted starch swelling/gelatinization by bran layer and non‐starch dietary fiber, and chemical cross‐linking.

Significance and novelty

A simple cost‐effective method was developed resulting in the highest RS content reported to date for intact cooked rice (7.60%), which can be consumed as‐is or as a rice product ingredient requiring low glycemic index properties.
Deracemization in a Complex Quaternary System with a Second‐Order Asymmetric Transformation by Using Phase Diagram Studies
Authors: Oketani Ryusei , Marin Francesco , Tinnemans Paul , Hoquante Marine , Laurent Anne , Brandel Clément , Cardinael Pascal , Meekes Hugo , Vlieg Elias , Geerts Yves , Coquerel Gérard
Published: September 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Gérard Coquerel at Université de Rouen Normandie. The image depicts a pyramid‐like tetrahedron of the quaternary phase diagram showing where symmetry breaking can take place. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903338.
Acceptance and commitment therapy for breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence: A 3‐arm pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Johns Shelley A. , Stutz Patrick V. , Talib Tasneem L. , Cohee Andrea A. , Beck‐Coon Kathleen A. , Brown Linda F. , Wilhelm Laura R. , Monahan Patrick O. , LaPradd Michelle L. , Champion Victoria L. , Miller Kathy D. , Giesler R. Brian
Published: September 2019

Background

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) has a profound negative impact on quality of life (QOL) for many cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) are particularly vulnerable, with up to 70% reporting clinically significant FCR. To the authors' knowledge, evidence‐based interventions for managing FCR are limited. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) promotes psychological flexibility in managing life's stressors. The current study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of group‐based ACT for FCR in BCS.

Methods

Post‐treatment BCS (91 patients with stage I‐III disease) with clinical FCR randomly were assigned to ACT (6 weekly 2‐hour group sessions), survivorship education (SE; 6 weekly 2‐hour group sessions), or enhanced usual care (EUC; one 30‐minute group coaching session with survivorship readings). FCR severity (primary outcome) and avoidant coping, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress, depression, QOL, and other FCR‐related variables (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline (T1), after the intervention (T2), 1 month after the intervention (T3), and 6 months after the intervention (T4) using intent‐to‐treat analysis.

Results

Satisfactory recruitment (43.8%) and retention (94.5%) rates demonstrated feasibility. Although each arm demonstrated within‐group reductions in FCR severity over time, only ACT produced significant reductions at each time point compared with baseline, with between‐group differences at T4 substantially favoring ACT over SE (Cohen d for effect sizes, 0.80; P < .001) and EUC (Cohen d, 0.61; P < .01). For 10 of 12 secondary outcomes, only ACT produced significant within‐group reductions across all time points. By T4, significant moderate to large between‐group comparisons favored ACT over SE and EUC with regard to avoidant coping, anxiety, depression, QOL, and FCR‐related psychological distress.

Conclusions

Group‐based ACT is a feasible and promising treatment for FCR and associated outcomes in BCS that warrants testing in larger, fully powered trials.
Spiral Crystal Growth in the Czochralski Process—Revisited, with New Interpretations
Authors: Schwabe Dietrich G.
Published: September 2019

Herein, the features of some Czochralski crystals with spiral morphology are investigated in detail to develop a model for their spiral growth. The case of a cylindrically growing crystal with a spontaneous transition to spiral growth is considered. At the onset of spiral growth, the development of a “foot” in the meniscus region is identified. It is shown that the growth of a foot takes place under “flaring growth conditions.” Insufficient axial heat transport through the crystal leads to a concave interface which is behind the flaring growth. The constraints of automatic weight control force the flaring crystal to grow as a spiral. The selection of a single foot is assisted by temperature fluctuations in the melt. Some symmetry breakings during spiral growth, for example, a meniscus deformation by rotation and the azimuthal growth in the meniscus, have been described already by the author earlier. Only recently spiral growth has been encountered with Czochralski silicon, grown at high pulling speed. These hypotheses on spiral growth hold for high‐melting‐point oxides as well as for the lower melting silicon.
Ionic Liquid Modified Single‐use Electrode Developed for Voltammetric Detection of miRNA‐34a and its Application to Real Samples
Authors: Yaralı Ece , Kanat Erkin , Erac Yasemin , Erdem Arzum
Published: September 2019

The ionic liquid (IL) modified chemically activated (CA) pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed for label‐free voltammetric detection of miRNA‐34a, and implemented to the real samples. Firstly, the electrochemical characterization of unmodified PGE, CA‐PGE, IL‐PGE and IL‐CA‐PGE was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as their DNA binding capacity was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The microscopic characterization of the surface of each electrodes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for measuring the oxidation signal of guanine in order to perform a label‐free voltammetric monitoring of a full‐match hybridization specific to miRNA‐34a. The selectivity of biosensor was tested against to miRNA‐155, miRNA‐660 as well as to the mismatch sequence of miRNA‐34a. The further selectivity of this proposed biosensor was studied in the mixture of samples containing miRNA‐34a with other miRNAs (1 : 1). The voltammetric detection of miRNA‐34a was also explored in the artificial serum medium as fetal bovine serum (FBS) and also in total RNA samples isolated from HUH‐7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
Self‐sustained oscillations within the temperature hysteresis in CO oxidation over Pd: Mathematical model of a cascade of continuous stirred‐tank reactors
Authors: Lashina Elena A. , Slavinskaya Elena M. , Chumakova Nataliya A. , Chumakov Gennadii A. , Boronin Andrei I.
Published: September 2019

The results of temperature‐programmed reaction experimental studies and mathematical modeling of self‐sustained oscillations within an inverse temperature hysteresis in CO oxidation over Pd catalyst are presented. The experimental data demonstrate the influence of the reaction medium on the catalyst activity under reaction conditions. Under oxygen excess in the feeding gas mixture and high temperature, the defects appeared on the initially flat surface of metallic palladium due to deep oxidation of palladium (three‐dimensional PdO nanoparticles were observed). The palladium oxide reduced under cooling of the catalytic system, and the catalyst surface became flat again. To take into account these variations of the palladium surface structure, we consider the piecewise‐constant dependence of the rate constant of some reaction step on the concentrations of oxygen species, namely, the dissolved oxygen or oxide in the palladium bulk. The proposed model of the process in the cascade of continuous stirred‐tank reactors that account for these dependences qualitatively describes the inverse temperature hysteresis as well as the oscillatory dynamics within the hysteresis loop which were obtained experimentally.
A Brief Introduction to Integrated Pest Management for Aquatic Systems
Authors: Hubert Terrance D. , Miller James , Burkett Dale
Published: September 2019

Aquatic invasive plants and animals are increasingly becoming a problem, causing severe economic and ecological damage to critical freshwater systems. The best strategy for controlling an invasive pest employs an integrated pest management (IPM) approach using a combination of biological, physical, chemical, and social/cultural control methods. Here, we examine the history and development of IPM and provide a discussion of the components of an IPM program involving development, evaluation, and management. Control approaches will be reviewed and the application of this technique to aquatic systems will be discussed. A discussion of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's (GLFC) Integrated Management of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Control Program will be provided to illustrate the application of IPM to an aquatic system.
Bioinformatics Tools and Workflow to Select Blood Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis: An Application to Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Vandenbrouck Yves , Christiany David , Combes Florence , Loux Valentin , Brun Virginie
Published: September 2019

Secretome proteomics for the discovery of cancer biomarkers holds great potential to improve early cancer diagnosis. A knowledge‐based approach relying on mechanistic criteria related to the type of cancer should help to identify candidates from available “omics” information. With the aim of accelerating the discovery process for novel biomarkers, a set of tools is developed and made available via a Galaxy‐based instance to assist end‐users biologists. These implemented tools proceed by a step‐by‐step strategy to mine transcriptomics and proteomics databases for information relating to tissue specificity, allow the selection of proteins that are part of the secretome, and combine this information with proteomics datasets to rank the most promising candidate biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Using pancreatic cancer as a case study, this strategy produces a list of 24 candidate biomarkers suitable for experimental assessment by MS‐based proteomics. Among these proteins, three (SYCN, REG1B, and PRSS2) were previously reported as circulating candidate biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. Here, further refinement of this list allows to prioritize 14 candidate biomarkers along with their associated proteotypic peptides for further investigation, using targeted MS‐based proteomics. The bioinformatics tools and the workflow implementing this strategy for the selection of candidate biomarkers are freely accessible at http://www.proteore.org.
2D to 3D Manipulation and Assembly of Microstructures Using Optothermally Generated Surface Bubble Microrobots
Authors: Dai Liguo , Ge Zhixing , Jiao Niandong , Liu Lianqing
Published: September 2019

Hydrogel microstructures that encapsulate cells can be assembled into tissues and have broad applications in biology and medicine. However, 3D posture control for a single arbitrary microstructure remains a challenge. A novel 3D manipulation and assembly technique based on optothermally generated bubble robots is proposed. The generation, rate of growth, and motion of a microbubble robot can be controlled by modulating the power of a laser focused on the interface between the substrate and a fluid. In addition to 2D operations, bubble robots are able to perform 3D manipulations. The 3D properties of hydrogel microstructures are adjusted arbitrarily, and convex and concave structures with different heights are designed. Furthermore, annular micromodules are assembled into 3D constructs, including tubular and concentric constructs. A variety of hydrogel microstructures of different sizes and shapes are operated and assembled in both 2D and 3D conformations by bubble robots. The manipulation and assembly methods are simple, rapid, versatile, and can be used for fabricating tissue constructs.
Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheet/Quantum Dot Dynamic Memristive Structure Driven by Photoinduced Phase Transition
Authors: Fu Xiao , Zhang Lei , Cho Hak D. , Kang Tae Won , Fu Dejun , Lee Dongjin , Lee Sang Wuk , Li Luying , Qi Tianyu , Chan Abdul S. , Yunusov Ziyodbek A. , Panin Gennady N.
Published: September 2019

MoS2 2D nanosheets (NS) with intercalated 0D quantum dots (QDs) represent promising structures for creating low‐dimensional (LD) resistive memory devices. Nonvolatile memristors based 2D materials demonstrate low power consumption and ultrahigh density. Here, the observation of a photoinduced phase transition in the 2D NS/0D QDs MoS2 structure providing dynamic resistive memory is reported. The resistive switching of the MoS2 NS/QD structure is observed in an electric field and can be controlled through local QD excitations. Photoexcitation of the LD structure at different laser power densities leads to a reversible MoS2 2H‐1T phase transition and demonstrates the potential of the LD structure for implementing a new dynamic ultrafast photoresistive memory. The dynamic LD photomemristive structure is attractive for real‐time pattern recognition and photoconfiguration of artificial neural networks in a wide spectral range of sensitivity provided by QDs.
Towards an Explicit Construction of Local Observables in Integrable Quantum Field Theories
Authors: Bostelmann Henning , Cadamuro Daniela
Published: September 2019

We present a new viewpoint on the construction of pointlike local fields in integrable models of quantum field theory. As usual, we define these local observables by their form factors; but rather than exhibiting their n-point functions and verifying the Wightman axioms, we aim to establish them as closed operators affiliated with a net of local von Neumann algebras, which is defined indirectly via wedge-local quantities. We also investigate whether these fields have the Reeh–Schlieder property, and in which sense they generate the net of algebras. Our investigation focuses on scalar models without bound states. We establish sufficient criteria for the existence of averaged fields as closable operators, and complete the construction in the specific case of the massive Ising model.
Functoriality of motivic lifts of the canonical construction
Authors: Torzewski Alex
Published: September 2019

Let$$(G,{\mathfrak {X}})$$(G,X)be a Shimura datum andKa neat open compact subgroup of$$G(\mathbb {A}_f)$$G(Af). Under mild hypothesis on$$(G,{\mathfrak {X}})$$(G,X), the canonical construction associates a variation of Hodge structure on$$\text {Sh}_K(G,{\mathfrak {X}})(\mathbb {C})$$ShK(G,X)(C)to a representation ofG. It is conjectured that this should be of motivic origin. Specifically, there should be a lift of the canonical construction which takes values in relative Chow motives over$$\text {Sh}_K(G,{\mathfrak {X}})$$ShK(G,X)and is functorial in$$(G,{\mathfrak {X}})$$(G,X). Using the formalism of mixed Shimura varieties, we show that such a motivic lift exists on the full subcategory of representations of Hodge type$$\{(-1,0),(0,-1)\}$${(-1,0),(0,-1)}. If$$(G,{\mathfrak {X}})$$(G,X)is equipped with a choice of PEL-datum, Ancona has defined a motivic lift for all representations ofG. We show that this is independent of the choice of PEL-datum and give criteria for it to be compatible with base change. Additionally, we provide a classification of Shimura data of PEL-type and demonstrate that the canonical construction is applicable in this context.
Hyperfocus: the forgotten frontier of attention
Authors: Ashinoff Brandon K. , Abu-Akel Ahmad
Published: September 2019

‘Hyperfocus’ is a phenomenon that reflects one’s complete absorption in a task, to a point where a person appears to completely ignore or ‘tune out’ everything else. Hyperfocus is most often mentioned in the context of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but research into its effect on cognitive and neural functioning is limited. We propose that hyperfocus is a critically important aspect of cognition, particularly with regard to clinical populations, and that it warrants significant investigation. Hyperfocus, though ostensibly self-explanatory, is poorly defined within the literature. In many cases, hyperfocus goes undefined, relying on the assumption that the reader inherently knows what it entails. Thus, there is no single consensus to what constitutes hyperfocus. Moreover, some studies do not refer to hyperfocus by name, but describe processes that may be related. In this paper, we review how hyperfocus (as well as possibly related phenomena) has been defined and measured, the challenges associated with hyperfocus research, and assess how hyperfocus affects both neurotypical and clinical populations. Using this foundation, we provide constructive criticism about previously used methods and analyses. We also propose an operational definition of hyperfocus for researchers to use moving forward.
The shortcomings of accurate rate estimations in cultivation processes and a solution for precise and robust process modeling
Authors: Bayer B. , Sissolak B. , Duerkop M. , von Stosch M. , Striedner G.
Published: September 2019

The accurate estimation of cell growth or the substrate consumption rate is crucial for the understanding of the current state of a bioprocess. Rates unveil the actual cell status, making them valuable for quality-by-design concepts. However, in bioprocesses, the real rates are commonly not accessible due to analytical errors. We simulated Escherichia coli fed-batch fermentations, sampled at four different intervals and added five levels of noise to mimic analytical inaccuracy. We computed stepwise integral estimations with and without using moving average estimations, and smoothing spline interpolations to compare the accuracy and precision of each method to calculate the rates. We demonstrate that stepwise integration results in low accuracy and precision, especially at higher sampling frequencies. Contrary, a simple smoothing spline function displayed both the highest accuracy and precision regardless of the chosen sampling interval. Based on this, we tested three different options for substrate uptake rate estimations.
Aortic valve stenosis awareness in Austria—results of a nationwide survey in 1001 subjects
Authors: Hengstenberg Christian , Thoenes Martin , Bramlage Peter , Siller-Matula Jolanta , Mascherbauer Julia
Published: September 2019

Despite the prognostic significance of severe aortic valve stenosis, knowledge is limited in the general population. To document the status quo for Austria, knowledge about valvular heart disease/aortic valve stenosis was documented in 1001 participants >60 years of age. 6.7% of respondents were knowledgeable of aortic valve stenosis, with 1.6% being concerned about the condition (24.1% cancer, 18.8% Alzheimer’s disease, 15.1% stroke). 29.5% were familiar with valvular heart disease (76.7% heart attack, 36.9% stroke). Only 1/3 reported auscultation by their general practitioner (GP) at least every third visit. Typical symptoms of aortic valve stenosis were likely to be reported by 50%. After exposure to further information on aortic valve stenosis, only 20% reported to be more concerned and ready to obtain more disease-related information. Awareness of surgical and catheter-based treatment options was claimed by 77% of respondents. Awareness campaigns on valvular heart disease are warranted to improve patient care in Austria.
ZIP14 is degraded in response to manganese exposure
Authors: Thompson Khristy J. , Wessling-Resnick Marianne
Published: September 2019

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element necessary for proper development and brain function. Circulating Mn levels are regulated by hepatobiliary clearance to limit toxic levels and prevent tissue deposition. To characterize mechanisms involved in hepatocyte Mn uptake, polarized human HepaRG cells were used for this study. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed the Mn transporter ZIP14 was expressed and localized to the basolateral surface of polarized HepaRG cells. HepaRG cells took up 54Mn in a time- and temperature-dependent manner but uptake was reduced after exposure to Mn. This loss in transport activity was associated with decreased ZIP14 protein levels in response to Mn exposure. Mn-induced degradation of ZIP14 was blocked by bafilomycin A1, which increased localization of the transporter in Lamp1-positive vesicles. Mn exposure also down-regulated the Golgi proteins TMEM165 and GPP130 while the ER stress marker BiP was induced. These results indicate that Mn exposure decreases ZIP14 protein levels to limit subsequent uptake of Mn as a cytoprotective response. Thus, high levels of Mn may compromise first-pass-hepatic clearance mechanisms.
Wind-Turbine and Wind-Farm Flows: A Review
Authors: Porté-Agel Fernando , Bastankhah Majid , Shamsoddin Sina
Published: September 2019

Wind energy, together with other renewable energy sources, are expected to grow substantially in the coming decades and play a key role in mitigating climate change and achieving energy sustainability. One of the main challenges in optimizing the design, operation, control, and grid integration of wind farms is the prediction of their performance, owing to the complex multiscale two-way interactions between wind farms and the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). From a fluid mechanical perspective, these interactions are complicated by the high Reynolds number of the ABL flow, its inherent unsteadiness due to the diurnal cycle and synoptic-forcing variability, the ubiquitous nature of thermal effects, and the heterogeneity of the terrain. Particularly important is the effect of ABL turbulence on wind-turbine wake flows and their superposition, as they are responsible for considerable turbine power losses and fatigue loads in wind farms. These flow interactions affect, in turn, the structure of the ABL and the turbulent fluxes of momentum and scalars. This review summarizes recent experimental, computational, and theoretical research efforts that have contributed to improving our understanding and ability to predict the interactions of ABL flow with wind turbines and wind farms.
Intraperitoneal mitomycin C improves survival compared to cytoreductive surgery alone in an experimental model of high-grade pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Sørensen Olaf , Andersen Anders Mikal , Larsen Stein Gunnar , Giercksky Karl-Erik , Flatmark Kjersti
Published: September 2019

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare cancer commonly originating from appendiceal neoplasms that presents with mucinous tumor spread in the peritoneal cavity. Patients with PMP are treated with curative intent by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The value of adding HIPEC to CRS has not been proven in randomized trials, and the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intraperitoneal mitomycin C (MMC) and regional hyperthermia as components of this complex treatment. Xenograft tissue established from a patient with histologically high-grade PMP with signet ring cell differentiation was implanted intraperitoneally in 65 athymic nude male rats and the animals were stratified into three treatment groups; the cytoreductive surgery group (CRSG, CRS only), the normothermic group (NG, CRS and intraperitoneal chemotherapy perfusion (IPEC) with MMC at 35 ºC), and the hyperthermic group (HG, CRS and IPEC at 41 ºC). The main endpoints were survival and tumor weight at autopsy. Adequate imitation of the clinical setting and treatment approach was achieved. The median survival was 31 days in the CRSG, 60 days in NG and 67 days in HG. The median tumor weights at autopsy were 34 g in CRSG, 23 g NG and 20 g in HG. In conclusion, the addition of IPEC with MMC after CRS doubled the survival time and reduced tumor growth compared to CRS alone. Adding regional hyperthermia resulted in a modest improvement of treatment outcome.
Mapping EQ-5D-3L from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Authors: Kiadaliri Ali , Alava Monica Hernández , Roos Ewa M. , Englund Martin
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To develop a mapping model to estimate EQ-5D-3L from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Methods

The responses to EQ-5D-3L and KOOS questionnaires (n = 40,459 observations) were obtained from the Swedish National anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Register for patients ≥ 18 years with the knee ACL injury. We used linear regression (LR) and beta-mixture (BM) for direct mapping and the generalized ordered probit model for response mapping (RM). We compared the distribution of the original data to the distributions of the data generated using the estimated models.

Results

Models with individual KOOS subscales performed better than those with the average of KOOS subscale scores (KOOS5, KOOS4). LR had the poorest performance overall and across the range of disease severity particularly at the extremes of the distribution of severity. Compared with the RM, the BM performed better across the entire range of disease severity except the most severe range (KOOS5 < 25). Moving from the most to the least disease severity was associated with 0.785 gain in the observed EQ-5D-3L. The corresponding value was 0.743, 0.772 and 0.782 for LR, BM and RM, respectively. LR generated simulated EQ-5D-3L values outside the feasible range. The distribution of simulated data generated from the BM model was almost identical to the original data.

Conclusions

We developed mapping models to estimate EQ-5D-3L from KOOS facilitating application of KOOS in cost-utility analyses. The BM showed superior performance for estimating EQ-5D-3L from KOOS. Further validation of the estimated models in different independent samples is warranted.
Using Linked Longitudinal Administrative Data to Identify Social Disadvantage
Authors: Pattaro Serena , Bailey Nick , Dibben Chris
Published: September 2019

Administrative data are widely used to construct indicators of social disadvantage, such as Free School Meals eligibility and Indices of Multiple Deprivation, for policy purposes. For research these indicators are often a compromise between accuracy and simplicity, because they rely on cross-sectional data. The growing availability of longitudinal administrative data may aid construction of more accurate indicators for research. To illustrate this potential, we use administrative data on welfare benefits from DWP’s National Benefits Database and annual earnings from employment from HMRC’s P14/P60 data to reconstruct individual labour market histories over a 5-year period. These administrative datasets were linked to survey data from the Poverty and Social Exclusion UK 2012. Results from descriptive and logistic regression analyses show that longitudinal measures correlate highly with survey responses on the same topic and are stronger predictors of poverty risks than measures based on cross-sectional data. These results suggest that longitudinal administrative measures would have potentially wide-ranging applications in policy as well as poverty research.
The omics approach to bee nutritional landscape
Authors: Chakrabarti Priyadarshini , Morré Jeffery T. , Lucas Hannah M. , Maier Claudia S. , Sagili Ramesh R.
Published: September 2019

Background

Significant annual honey bee colony losses have been reported in the USA and across the world over the past years. Malnutrition is one among several causative factors for such declines. Optimal nutrition serves as the first line of defense against multiple stressors such as parasites/pathogens and pesticides. Given the importance of nutrition, it is imperative to understand bee nutrition holistically, identifying dietary sources that may fulfill bee nutritional needs. Pollen is the primary source of protein for bees and is critical for brood rearing and colony growth. Currently, there is significant gap in knowledge regarding the chemical and nutritional composition of pollen.

Methods

Targeted sterol analysis and untargeted metabolomics were conducted on five commercially available crop pollens, three bee-collected crop pollens, three vegetable oils (often added to artificial protein supplements by beekeepers), and one commonly used artificial protein supplement.

Results

This study reports key phytosterols and metabolites present across a spectrum of bee diets, including some of the major bee-pollinated crop pollens in the western United States. Significant differences were observed in sterol concentrations among the dietary sources tested. Among all quantified sterols, the highest concentrations were observed for 24-methylenecholesterol and further, pollen samples exhibited the highest 24-methylenecholesterol among all diet sources that were tested. Also, 236 metabolites were identified across all dietary sources examined.

Conclusion

Information gleaned from this study is crucial in understanding the nutritional landscape available to all bee pollinators and may further assist in future efforts to develop comprehensive database of nutrients and metabolites present in all bee diets.
Using compression to find interesting one-dimensional cellular automata
Authors: Ahmed Nadim , Teahan William J.
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a novel method for finding interesting behaviour in complex systems based on compression. A new clustering algorithm has been designed and applied specifically for clustering 1D elementary cellular automata behaviour using the prediction by partial matching (PPM) compression scheme, with the results gathered to find interesting behaviours. This new algorithm is then compared with other clustering algorithms in Weka and the new algorithm is found to be more effective at grouping behaviour that is visually similar in output. Using PPM compression, the rate of change of the cross-entropy with respect to time is calculated. These values are used in combination with a clustering algorithm, such as k-means, to create a new set of clusters for cellular automata. An analysis of the data in each cluster is then used to determine if a cluster can be classed as interesting. The clustering algorithm itself was able to find unusual behaviours, such as rules 167 and 181 which have output that is slightly different from all the other Sierpiński Triangle-like patterns, because their apexes are off-centre by one cell. When comparing the new algorithm with other established ones, it was discovered that the new algorithm was more effective in its ability to group interesting and unusual cellular automata behaviours together.
Association between circulating zinc/ferritin levels and parent Conner’s
scores in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: El-Baz Farida M. , Youssef Azza M. , khairy Eman , Ramadan Dina , Youssef Walaa Y.
Published: September 2019

ADHD is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders among children
and adolescents. In this prospective study, we aimed to measure circulating
zinc and ferritin levels in children with ADHD, pick up the deficient ones
to give zinc and iron supplements then compare before and after treatment
according to their Conner’s scores and Wecsler IQ test. Current study
included fifty children diagnosed as having ADHD by DSMV criteria, their
zinc and ferritin levels were measured by Colorimetric method and
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. They were divided
into: group I (zinc only deficient),group II (zinc and ferritin
deficient),group III (non-deficient), cases with mineral deficiency received
zinc (55 mg/day) and/or iron (6 mg/kg/day) for 6 months then reassessed by
parent Conner’s rating scale. In group 1, there was no significant
difference between the Wecsler verbal and non-verbal IQ scores and
oppositional and cognitive problems in Conner’s scores before and after zinc
supplements, although there was significant improvement in attention,
hyperactivity, emotional liability and impulsivity. In group II, there was
significant improvement in verbal and total IQ but not in performance IQ,
also there was significant improvement in hyperactivity, emotional liability
and impulsivity with no significant difference in oppositional, cognitive
problems and inattention before and after zinc/ iron supplements. In
Conclusion, Zinc supplements in adjuvant to the main treatment significantly
improved symptoms of ADHD children. However, a combined zinc and iron
supplements was superior to zinc alone in alleviating ADHD symptoms as well
as IQ improvement.
Do Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease have discrete pathological signatures of gait?
Authors: Mc Ardle Ríona , Galna Brook , Donaghy Paul , Thomas Alan , Rochester Lynn
Published: September 2019

Objective

We aimed to refine the hypothesis that dementia has a unique signature of gait impairment reflective of underlying pathology by considering two dementia subtypes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), and exploring the role of cognition in disease‐specific gait impairments.

Background

Accurately differentiating AD and LBD is important for treatment and disease management. Early evidence suggests gait could be a marker of dementia due to associations between discrete gait characteristics and cognitive domains.

Updated Hypothesis

We hypothesize that AD and LBD have unique signatures of gait, reflecting disease‐specific cognitive profiles and underlying pathologies. An exploratory study included individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to LBD (n = 45) and AD (n = 36) and 29 older adult controls. An instrumented walkway quantified 16 gait characteristics reflecting five independent domains of locomotion (pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry, and postural control). The LBD group demonstrated greater impairments in asymmetry and variability compared with AD; both groups were more impaired in pace and variability domains than controls. Executive dysfunction explained 11% of variance for gait variability in LBD, whereas global cognitive impairment explained 13.5% of variance in AD; therefore, gait impairments may reflect disease‐specific cognitive profiles. With a refined hypothesis that AD‐ and LBD‐specific signatures of gait reflect discrete pathologies, future studies must examine the relationship between a validated model of gait with neural networks, using recognized biomarkers and postmortem follow‐up.

Major Challenges for Hypothesis

Differential diagnosis of AD and LBD used appropriate criteria and required consensus from an expert diagnostic panel to improve diagnostic accuracy. Future work should follow the framework set out in Parkinson's disease to establish unique signatures of gait as proxy measures of disease‐specific pathology; that is, use a validated gait model to explore the progressive relationship between gait, cognition, and pathology.

Linkage to Other Major Theories

These exploratory findings support the theory of interacting cognitive‐motor networks, as the gait‐cognition relationship may reflect cognitive control over motor networks. Unique signatures of gait may reflect different temporal patterns of pathological burden in neural areas related to cognitive and motor function.
Automated systems only: why CISOs should switch off their dumb machines
Authors: Young Spencer
Published: September 2019

Cyber security is supposed to reduce risk and be cost effective at the same time. It's supposed to take the burden of legwork away from the CISO and his or her team. It's supposed to reduce the financial and reputational risk posed by malicious actors in an efficient, intelligent manner.

Cyber security is supposed to reduce risk. What it's not supposed to do is generate reams of near-to-useless information, burying the security team in an avalanche of flags and alerts.

Automating processes ensures that common threats are caught and dealt with early. Security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) can help, stitching together an organisation's disparate policy enforcement infrastructure, such as firewalls, gateways and other types of controllers, as well as existing event management systems, explains Spencer Young of Imperva.
Cloud security: how to protect critical data and stay productive
Authors: Bunting Charlene
Published: September 2019

It is essential that business data is protected wherever it resides. When it comes to Google G Suite and Office 365, it is a complete minefield as to how much proprietary information about a company is contained across all employee inboxes. Microsoft Exchange is likely the biggest source of all that valuable information and is, unfortunately, highly susceptible to security vulnerabilities.
Community advisory boards: Experiences and common practices of clinical and translational science award programs
Authors: Stewart M. Kathryn , Boateng Beatrice , Joosten Yvonne , Burshell Dana , Broughton Hilary , Calhoun Karen , Huff Davis Anna , Hale Rachel , Spencer Nicola , Piechowski Patricia , James Laura
Published: September 2019

Community advisory boards (CABs) are a valuable strategy for engaging and partnering with communities in research. Eighty-nine percent of Clinical and Translational Science Awardees (CTSA) responding to a 2011 survey reported having a CAB. CTSAs’ experiences with CABs are valuable for informing future practice. This study was conducted to describe common CAB implementation practices among CTSAs; document perceived benefits, challenges, and contributions; and examine their progress toward desirable outcomes. A cross-CTSA collaborative team collected survey data from respondents representing academic and/or community members affiliated with CTSAs with CABs. Data representing 44 CTSAs with CABs were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A majority of respondents reported practices reflecting respect for CAB members’ expertise and input such as compensation (75%), advisory purview beyond their CTSA’s Community Engagement program (88%), and influence over CAB operations. Three-quarters provide members with orientation and training on roles and responsibilities and 89% reported evaluating their CAB. Almost all respondents indicated their CTSA incorporates the feedback of their CABs to some degree; over half do so a lot or completely. This study profiles practices that inform CTSAs implementing a CAB and provide an evaluative benchmark for those with existing CABs.
An observational study of a clinical guideline implementation project in primary care
Authors: Eder Milton “Mickey” , Jacobsen Rachel , Mielke Gwen , Luepker Russell V.
Published: September 2019

Explorations of workflow development within primary care allow us to understand initial steps in the pace of knowledge and practice acclimatization within clinics. This study describes use of practice facilitation as an implementation strategy to communicate shared project goals and monitor and support refinement of practice behavior. This study engaged eight health care organizations, including 55 primary care practices, ≈380 clinicians, and ≈620 nursing and support staff in a guideline implementation project regarding United States Preventive Services Task Force use of aspirin recommendations for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Political skill and self-serving counterproductive work behaviors: Moderating role of perceptions of organizational politics
Authors: Zahid Fariha , Butt Arif Nazir , Khan Abdul Karim
Published: September 2019

The scholarship on political skill documents that it is a social savvy, personal style construct, associated with positive personal and organizational outcomes. However, this study takes a counterintuitive view and demonstrates that despite being a positive resource, political skill also has the potential to be used as a self-serving device to achieve one's personal agendas in the form of self-serving counterproductive work behaviors. Borrowing insights from the trait activation theory, this study demonstrates that a context, high in political perceptions, acts as an incentivized condition for politically skilled people to execute its dark side. The results supported the hypothesis and revealed that under high perceptions of organizational politics, political skill will have a significant, positive relation with self-serving counterproductive work behaviors. The study discusses important theoretical and practical implications of these results and extends the domains of political skill and counterproductive work behaviors.
Optimisation modelling to improve the diets of First Nations individuals
Authors: Johnson-Down Louise , Willows Noreen , Kenny Tiff-Annie , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Sadik Tonio , Chan Hing Man , Batal Malek
Published: September 2019

We examined the feasibility of linear programming (LP) to develop diets that were economical, included traditional (cultural, non-market) foods and met the dietary reference intakes (DRI) in a Canadian Indigenous population. Diet optimisation using LP is a mathematical technique that can develop food-based dietary guidelines for healthy eating in Indigenous populations where food insecurity, availability and cost are important considerations. It is a means of developing nutritionally optimal food combinations that are based on economical and culture-specific foods. Observed food consumption data were derived using 24-h food recalls from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study. The LP models were constructed to develop diets meeting DRI, cost and food constraints. Achieving the recommended food intake was not feasible in a model meeting all nutrient requirements. Models that met most nutrient requirements at reduced cost were designed for men and women, separately. In women, it was necessary to increase energy intake to meet most nutrient requirements. Nutrient requirements could not be met for fibre, linoleic and linolenic acids, vitamin D, Ca and K in both sexes, P in women, and Mg and vitamin A in men. Using LP to develop optimal diets for First Nations people, we found simultaneous achievement of all DRI was difficult, suggesting that supplementation might be necessary which goes against recommendations for individuals to meet their nutrient needs through healthy eating patterns. Additionally, to make diets feasible, programmes to reduce market food costs and to support First Nations people in traditional food harvesting are recommended.
The Photisterion in Late Antiquity: Reconsidering Terminology for Sites and Rites of Initiation
Authors: PEPPARD MICHAEL
Published: September 2019

What is a photisterion? Translators usually render the Greek word phōtistērion (site of illumination) as ‘baptistery’ (site of immersion in water). This article reopens the study of phōtistēria, arguing that being ‘immersed’ or ‘illuminated’ evokes different senses of the concomitant meaning of the sites and rites of initiation. It situates late ancient phōtistēria from epigraphic and literary sources in their theological and liturgical contexts. The evidence from Galilee, Syria, Jordan and Cyprus corroborates the idea that many Christians of late antiquity preferred ‘illumination’ to express the composite rite of initiation in a phōtistērion, within which ‘baptism’ was one part.
Representing Timor: Histories, geo-bodies, and belonging, 1860s–2018
Authors: Tsuchiya Kisho
Published: September 2019

This article provides an outline of the historical construction of Timorese (East Timorese and Indonesian West Timorese) geo-bodies and communal identities from the mid-nineteenth century to the present time, thereby reconstructing the origins of many national imaginings amongst the Timorese people. Since the controversial annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia in 1976, (East) Timor has been constructed as a place of two territorial identities: Timor as a part of Indonesia and East Timor as a homogeneous nation distinct from Indonesia. However, representations of Timor had been much more fluid and inconsistent in preceding ages. This article studies various communities’ representations of Timor to reveal dialectic relations between diverse colonial and post-colonial representations of the Timorese spaces and their senses of belonging. Thereby, it problematises the political role of global and regional place-making in a contested Southeast Asian locale.
EARLY MODERN TRAVELLERS IN THE AEGEAN: ROUTES AND NETWORKS
Authors: Loy Michael
Published: September 2019

This study uses the collection of fifteenth- to twentieth-century travel literature from the BSA library to consider issues of (elite) mobility in the Aegean Sea. These texts contain a wealth of information on the routes chosen by travellers between various islands and mainland ports, and on the navigability of the Aegean basin. By using a combination of computational Proximal Point Analysis and Social Network Analysis, these routes are visualised, and discussion focuses on how navigation varied both between centuries and according to the traveller's place of origin. It is suggested that travellers were dependent on other sorts of networks, and that routes travelled were shaped greatly by the economics and politics of the day. It is also proposed that methodologies used in this paper offer great potential for engaging broad-scale sets of archive data.