bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and survivability of the Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) reared under hyper-saline, hypo-saline and freshwater environments in a closed aquaculture system
Authors: Hassan H. U. , Ali Q. M. , Ahmed A. E. , Gabol K. , Swelum A. A. , Masood Z. , Mushtaq S. , Saeed  , Gul Y. , Rizwan S. , Zulfiqar T. , Siddique M. A. M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract Salinity is one of the most critical environmental parameters regarding fish physiology, modifying food intake and growth performance in many fish species. The present study has investigated the effects of different salinity levels on growth performance, feeding and survival of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer juveniles. Asian seabass juveniles were reared at 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 22 (T3), 36 (T4), and 42 (T5) ppt salinity. Approximately eight hundred thirty fish individuals with an average weight of 1.24±0.52 g were randomly distributed (166 fish/Tank) in 5 concrete tanks (each tank 30×6×4 ft, volume 19,122 L) for forty days. Juveniles were initially fed 42% crude protein-containing diets at a rate of 6% of their body weight per day. The results showed that salinity level had a significant effect on the weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), total biomass and health indices (p<0.05). The highest WG (39.11±1.49 g), ADWG (1.00±0.12 g), SGR (8.74±0.03% d-1) and lowest FCR (0.96±0.20) were observed with T3 treatment, which was significantly higher compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). Among the health indices, the highest hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were found with T3 treatment, significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were found among the treatments in terms of survival rate (p>0.05), but the maximum survival rate (98.89±0.0%) was observed in the T3 and T2 treatments. The maximum level of crude proteins (19.99±1.4%) was found in the whole-body biochemical composition of Asian seabass juveniles in the T3 treatment group. The second-order polynomial regression showed that 20 ppt salinity is optimum for the best growth of Asian seabass. Thus, the present study recommends 20 to 36 ppt salinity for the commercial farming of Asian seabass under a closed aquaculture system.
What triggers phenological events in plants under seasonal environments? A study with phylogenetically related plant species in sympatry
Authors: Pereira C. C. , Boaventura M. G. , Cornelissen T. , Nunes Y. R. F. , de Castro G. C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract In this study, we evaluated variation in vegetative and reproductive phenological events of four phylogenetically related plant species subjected to a seasonal environment. To this aim, we sampled 15 individuals of each plant species every fortnight for one year, between January and December of 2017. To assess when a given phenophase occurred more intensely in the population, the Fournier intensity index was used and the synchrony of individuals of the sample in a given phenological event was estimated using the activity index. The Rayleigh (Z) test was used to determine whether the phenological events have seasonal distribution. The relationship of abiotic factors (photoperiod, precipitation, relative humidity and temperature) with the intensity of phenophases was evaluated for each plant species using generalized linear models (GLMs). The phenophases of all plants showed a seasonal distribution pattern, as well as variation in synchrony of phenophases and specific sets of abiotic factors significantly influenced their phenophases. New leaves, for example, were produced throughout the seasons, with intense leaf fall in the dry season. Flowering periods, on the other hand, did not overlap. Indeed, species exhibited sequential flowering and asynchronous flowering among individuals. Our results suggest that the phenological patterns of four sympatric plant species are directly linked to climatic variables, but different abiotic factors affected different phenophases.
Diplomacia e Estado na primeira modernidade
Authors: Mainka Peter Johann
Published: March 2022

RESUMO Na virada para os Tempos Modernos, os contatos entre os Estados pré-modernos nascentes começaram a aumentar. Representações diplomáticas esporádicas e específicas tornaram-se permanentes e gerais. A Itália renascentista deu impulsos importantes ao desenvolvimento da diplomacia moderna na prática, logo seguida pelas grandes monarquias ou dinastias. Cada um dos Estados e seus diplomatas procurou seu posicionamento específico no sistema dos Estados europeus, que estava em processo de consolidação. O Congresso de Vestfália contribuiu muito para se estabelecer e ajustar esse sistema frágil de Estados europeus, embasado nos princípios de igualdade e soberania, mas também de diferença e hierarquia. Com base numa bibliografia específica e atual, este artigo investiga o período da formação da diplomacia moderna no contexto das transformações da primeira modernidade.
Eugenia, racismo científico e antirracismo no Brasil: debates sobre ciência, raça e imigração no movimento eugênico brasileiro (1920-1930)
Authors: Souza Vanderlei Sebastião de
Published: March 2022

RESUMO O artigo analisa os debates sobre eugenia, raça e imigração no Brasil nos anos 1920 e 1930, atentando para os antagonismos e as disputas entre os adeptos do racismo científico, que viam na questão racial o grande dilema nacional, e aqueles que negavam o determinismo racial, denominados aqui de “antirracistas”. O autor destaca que a eugenia brasileira foi bastante polissêmica e mobilizou diferentes polêmicas científicas, raciais e políticas sobre miscigenação racial, seleção imigratória e branqueamento da população. O artigo explora especialmente os embates produzidos no Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Eugenia, realizado em 1929, e as ambivalências raciais promovidas no complexo contexto dos anos 1930, o que mobilizou distintos projetos e interpretações sobre eugenia, seleção racial e identidade nacional, inclusive com impacto na Constituinte de 1933-1934.
Hacia la “operación histórico-cinematográfica”: el cine del Holocausto en la construcción del conocimiento histórico
Authors: Bevilacqua Gilda
Published: March 2022

RESUMEN Las implicancias actuales del cine en el desarrollo del conocimiento histórico, su papel decisivo en la difusión de ideas y en la memoria colectiva nos convocan a problematizar los modos en que las películas sobre el pasado son, no sólo una fuente o un producto derivado de la historiografía, sino constructoras ineludibles de lo que las sociedades entienden por pasado y por los eventos que las marcaron profundamente, como el Holocausto. En este trabajo abordaremos el rol del cine en la construcción del conocimiento histórico, en general, y de este evento, en particular. Presentaremos distintas consideraciones sobre el conocimiento histórico, para caracterizar el lugar insoslayable del cine en dicha construcción. Abordaremos los vínculos e influencias entre la cinematografía y la historiografía sobre el Holocausto. Finalmente, reflexionaremos acerca del estado de arte de estas representaciones y su porvenir.
Sexo por “oitavas”: o “torpe” uso dos corpos e a escravidão em Minas Gerais no século XVIII
Authors: Souza Alexandre Rodrigues de
Published: March 2022

RESUMO O meretrício foi uma realidade no território minerador durante o Setecentos. Mas esta atividade muitas vezes foi confundida com outros comportamentos sociais mais visíveis, como o concubinato, os “tratos ilícitos”, o adultério ou as relações entre pessoas desiguais. Aqui se argumenta que a prática social de sexo por “oitavas” era um meio de adquirir recursos, num contexto de economia mineradora e escravista, onde havia grande circulação de riquezas. Analiso termos, diálogos e valores que fundamentam o lugar econômico do meretrício na capitania de Minas Gerais durante a primeira metade do século XVIII, utilizando como fonte as visitas pastorais e um dicionário produzido por Antônio da Costa Peixoto em Vila Rica, Minas Gerais, no qual o autor apresenta frases e termos da “língua mina”, idioma do grupo Gbe da África Ocidental, traduzidas para “palavras portuguesas correspondentes”.
Reliability of a digital system for models measurements in BBO grading: A pilot study
Authors: MIRANDA Paula Martins Bravo , FERNANDES Luciana Quintanilha Pires , SEVILLANO Manuel Gustavo Chavez , CARVALHO Felipe de Assis Ribeiro , CAPELLI JUNIOR Jonas
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, no method is considered effective for the evaluation of digital models in the Certification Examination of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics (BBO), considering the parameters of the currently used manual method. Objective: Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the reliability of an evaluation method for digital models that could be used in the BBO exam, compared to the gold standard. Methods: Measurements were performed by five previously calibrated examiners. Samples of ten sets of plaster models of the final phase of orthodontic treatment were measured using a manual method (Objective Grading System, OGS). These models were digitized using a 3D scanner and exported to Geomagic Qualify software, in which the measurements were made with the proposed digital method. These measurements were repeated using five models, after fifteen days. The intra-examiner performance with this method was analyzed with a paired t-test, whereas the inter-examiner analysis was carried out with analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. To compare the manual and digital methods, a paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed. Results: A statistically significant difference was found. The results showed that, when compared to the manual method, the digital method was effective in measuring the OGS in four of the seven variables studied: Marginal Ridge, Overjet, Occlusal Contact, and Interproximal Contact. The variables Alignment, BL inclination, and Occlusal Relationship showed a great amount of dispersion in the findings. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to develop an adequate digital methodology that can be used for all OGS variables.
O USO DE TECIDOS COMO RECURSO NO PSICODRAMA CLÍNICO E SOCIOEDUCACIONAL
Authors: Strauch Vanessa Ramalho Ferreira , Santana José Murilo Oliveira
Published: March 2022

RESUMO Este estudo objetiva descrever a potência do método sociopsicodramático a partir do uso dos tecidos como recurso na investigação e intervenção clínica e socioeducacional. Caracteriza-se como estudo de múltiplos casos, de natureza qualitativa, dados coletados e registrados de dois prontuários clínicos e do diário de campo de sociodramas realizados com educadores e sala de espera de uma clínica-escola de fisioterapia. Identificamos o uso do tecido como eficaz recurso facilitador para aquecimento, redução da tensão e estados de alarme, estabelecimento de vínculos, comunicabilidade não verbal, visualização global da produção concretizada, promover mudança de percepção, relaxamento, oportunizar a emergência dos dramas vividos e dos papéis pouco desenvolvidos.
Genetic variability of Physalis ixocarpa and P. philadelphica from physicochemical fruit traits
Authors: Santos Keylla Souza dos , Passos Adriana Rodrigues , Silva Luiz Cláudio Costa , Silva Alismário Leite da , Tanan Tamara Torres
Published: March 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic divergence of two species of Physalis based on fruit traits, as well as the correlations between these traits. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block, with three treatments (P. philadelphica and the green and purple varieties of P. ixocarpa), and six replicates. The following traits were evaluated: average fruit mass (AFM), soluble solids (SS), longitudinal fruit diameter (LFD), transversal fruit diameter (TFD), total fruit mass (TFM), number of fruit per plant (NF), reducing sugars (RS), and total sugars (TS). Genetic divergence was estimated by Tocher’s and the UPGMA methods. There was genetic divergence between the Physalis species, with a higher contribution of AFM, LFD, and TFD, mainly by Tocher’s method. A positive correlation was observed between AFM x LFD, AFM x TFD, and LFD x TFD, and a negative correlations between LFD x TFM, TFD x TFM, and NF x RS. The species were discriminated by total sugars. The AFM, LFD, TFD, and TS traits show significant genetic variation and high values of heritability; therefore, they are suitable targets for the genetic breeding of the evaluated Physalis species.
THE SENSORY EXAMINATION CAPSULE: SIMULTANEOUS TESTING OF MULTIPLE SENSORY ORGANS
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Anna Krupa , Justyna Kutyba , Natalia Czajka , Piotr Skarżyński
Published: March 2022

Sensory disorders are one of the most common problems in modern society, affecting both communication and quality of life. Most of these disorders can be avoided by performing regular screening tests and minimising risk factors. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the modern techniques built into the Sensory Examination Capsule for testing most of the senses. This new screening tool has the potential to significantly reduce the costs associated with health care by providing earlier and more accurate medical diagnoses.
A PSYCHOPHYSICAL MODEL OF ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVEL FROM A HUMAN SOUND PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Fasanya Bankole
Published: March 2022

Background

Acceptable noise level (ANL) is a metric developed for quantifying the maximum amount of background noise one is willing and able to accept – when not tired or tensed – while involved in mundane work. ANLs have been shown to vary with the individual although they are generally independent of age, gender, and hearing sensitivity. This study develops a psychophysically based mathematical model of ANL that includes an individual’s sound judgment bias and discriminability.

Material and methods

This paper expands Stevens’ mathematical model of sound power to develop an explicit psychophysical model. The model includes an individual’s judgment bias and sound discriminability to predict their ANL and uncovers the reason for individual ANL variability.

Results

Using simulated data, the developed model shows how an individual’s ANL can be predicted based on their sound discriminability and judgment bias score. A regression analysis on the simulated data showed an R-square of 0.85 (p = 0.0001) between discriminability and simulated ANL data. There was a logarithmic relationship between individual ANL and sound discriminability.

Conclusions

The model well replicates human auditory sound processing. The higher the ANL, the higher the individual’s judgment bias toward the background noise and the better their ability to discriminate between the signal and background noise.
AUDITORY EFFECTS OF PERSONAL MUSIC SYSTEMS IN YOUNG ADULTS: A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY
Authors: Ghosh P.G. Vipin , Chowdri N. Varsha , M.V. Deeksha
Published: March 2022

Background

Noise exposure damages cochlear hair cells resulting in sensorineural hearing loss along with other symptoms like tinnitus and vertigo. One source of loud sound exposure in young adults is personal music systems (PMS). The present study investigated the auditory- related symptoms in regular PMS users by administering a questionnaire on PMS usage and associated symptoms in individuals who were regular users of PMS and compared results with non-regular PMS users.

Material and methods

There were 260 young adults who participated in the study. Individuals who used PMS for ≥1 hour per day at a volume control setting of ≥60% for ≥2 years were considered regular PMS users, while other participants were considered non-regular PMS users. A custom-made questionnaire with a total of 24 questions was administered to all participants.

Results

Statistical analysis indicated that the occurrence of symptoms such as reduced hearing and vertigo were significantly higher in regular PMS users than in non-regular users. However, other symptoms such as tinnitus, difficulty in perception of speech in noisy situations, ear pain, and headache were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions

The findings substantiate the harmful effects of regular PMS usage on hearing and related functions. They also document the incidence of associated symptoms.
DEVELOPMENT, STANDARDIZATION, AND VALIDATION OF BISYLLABIC PHONEMICALLY BALANCED TAMIL WORD TEST IN QUIET AND NOISE
Authors: Chinnaraj Geetha , Neelamegarajan Devi , Ravirose Udhayakumar
Published: March 2022

Background

The present study aimed to develop and standardize a phonemically balanced bisyllabic word test in Tamil for adult listeners.

Material and methods

In total, 1015 bisyllabic Tamil words were collected from different sources; 20 Tamil speakers rated the words for familiarity and 5 experts validated the content. Based on the familiarity rating and content validation, 760 words were shortlisted for phonemic balancing. Then 25 phonemically-balanced lists were prepared with 25 words in each. The prepared lists were presented to 100 normal-hearing listeners at 40 dB SL in quiet, and 30 listeners in noise at −5 dB SNR for the standardization process. The lists were also presented at different sensation levels (SLs) in quiet to 30 listeners to obtain a psychometric function.

Results

The mean speech identification scores (SISs) in adults was 99.8% in quiet. The results revealed no significant difference in SIS across the 25 word lists, indicative of list equivalency. The scores increased as the level increased from 10 to 40 dB SL for all the lists, suggesting homogeneity in difficulty and audibility. However, in noise, only 23 lists were equivalent to each other.

Conclusions

All the test lists can be utilized for testing during audiological evaluation in quiet, and 23 word lists are useful in noise.
PRELIMINARY PSYCHOACOUSTIC INVESTIGATION OF THE SIAM PROCEDURE TO MEASURE FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE LIMENS
Authors: Weaver Aurora , DiGiovanni Jeffrey , Edwards Ryleigh , Lynch Erin , Ries Dennis , Vinson Hayes , Cannon Anne Rankin
Published: March 2022

Background

The study investigated the cause of varying estimates of frequency difference limens (DLs) in delayed comparison tasks involving pitch retention in auditory working memory (AWM). Using procedures adapted from the method of constant stimuli (MCS) and the single-interval adjustment matrix (SIAM), we sought to determine via 3 experiments whether the disparity in frequency DLs obtained using each procedure was due to the method of measurement (Experiment 1), the response format (Experiment 2), or performance feedback (Experiment 3).

Material and methods

Five adults (ages 21 to 38 years) with hearing within normal limits participated in Experiments 1 and 2, and seven adults (ages 20 to 30 years) with hearing within normal limits participated in Experiment 3. Delayed comparison tasks were used to evaluate frequency DLs under SIAM and MCS.

Results

Our preliminary results suggest that DL values for pitch discrimination are more influenced by response format than by the measurement procedure or performance feedback. Regardless of the method used, DL values were greater in the condition containing intervening stimuli compared to the condition lacking intervening stimuli.

Conclusions

Preliminary findings suggest there is consistency in the listener’s adopted criterion (i.e., judgment rationale) across the psychoacoustic methods investigated. Performance measures suggest that SIAM is as accurate as MCS, but it is noteworthy that two SIAM measurement runs using the "same/different" response format is more efficient than four runs with MCS. Future application of the SIAM procedure for measuring DL values might, with larger sample sizes, identify additional factors that contribute to performance and the listener’s adopted criterion, since data collection time is appreciably shorter with SIAM.
Physical Inactivity and Its Associated Factors among Adults in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019
Authors: Alias Nazirah , Ying Ying Chan , Kuang Kuay Lim , Ahmad Ahzairin , Mat Rifin Halizah , Shahein Nik Adilah , Baharudin Azli
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for worldwide mortality with major implications towards general health. Monitoring the level of physical inactivity may reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia. Methodology: Data was obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. It was a cross-sectional, population-based survey which employed two- stage stratified random sampling design. A total of 10,356 out of 10,472 respondents were interviewed using a short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Overall, the prevalence of physical inactivity among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia was 24.6% (95% CI: 23.2, 26.1). Results from multivariable logistic model showed that Chinese ethnicity (aOR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.67), urban dwellers (aOR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57), those who were single (including widow, widower and divorcee) (aOR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.61), students (aOR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.40), higher household income earners (aOR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.68) and those with hypercholesterolaemia (aOR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.51) were significantly more likely to be physically inactive. Conclusion: Specific and appropriate intervention towards targeted group is in crucial need to increase the level of physical activity and to promote an active living towards an active and healthy Malaysia.
Six Sigma Practices Integrated with IR 4.0 for Sustainability in Malaysian Healthcare Industry
Authors: Muslim Akanmu Diekola , Nordin Norshahrizan
Published: March 2022

Provision of safe, reliable, and affordable care while improving performance and efficiency remains a challenge in the healthcare sector. This study, therefore, reviews the previous researches on the effect of six sigma and industrial revolution 4.0 technologies (IR 4.0) on sustainability as there is still a paucity of literature on the implementation of the practices in the healthcare sector. Notably, the growing challenges within service organizations have motivated healthcare organizations to upgrade their conventional delivery system to a smart sophisticated systems. Thus, this present study makes an attempt to model these practices as integrated with IR 4.0 technologies into achieving sustainability in the healthcare industry. In order to fill the void of this gap, this study intends to investigate the joint effects of six sigma and IR 4.0 technologies on sustainable performance of healthcare delivery services. The study confirms the future direction of the public health sector that is recently employing new technologies in its service systems. The data shall be collected from the top management employees, the health practitioners who are working and familiar with the services and operations of the organization and are familiar with the smart tools to expedite services for healthcare. This study extends the current literature on IR 4.0 technologies and six-sigma as enablers of economic, environmental and social sustainability. This study shall unfold the significant contribution of operations management practices and how sustainable performance can be enhanced through performance variation and strategic implementation of modern technologies in the healthcare sector.
Analysis of processes in magnetorheological sealer considering for magnetic fluid deformation
Authors: Nesterov S.A. , Egorov I.S.
Published: March 2022

The small size of the working gap in the sealer makes many physical measurements difficult or impossible. The main way to study the processes inside the device is to use analytical and numerical mathematical modeling. Most researchers apply finite-element calculation of magnetic field and analytically find the difference in pressure. Currently, there are few studies devoted to multiphysics numerical calculations of the processes in magnetorheological seal. The use of numerical models allows considering the dependence of rheological properties of magnetic fluid on hydrodynamic, temperature and magnetic fields, the real geometry of the working zone. Compared to the analytical models, a numerical one includes a smaller number of assumptions and allows visualizing various flow parameters, which are especially important for the analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the deformation of the magnetorheological plug in case of pressure difference held by the sealer. The study is based on the developed numerical model with the related calculation of magnetic and hydrodynamic fields. The study is carried out based on the theories of ferrohydrodynamics, hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field. Integrated finite-element modeling of the magnetic and hydrodynamic fields of the magnetorheological sealer in Comsol Мultiphysics has been used. A numerical model of the magnetorheological sealer characterized by automatic rearrangement of the boundaries of the liquid plug based on the balance of pressures inside the liquid has been developed. The distribution results of magnetic induction and pressure in the working gap of the sealer, considering changes in the boundaries of the magnetic fluid, has been obtained. Comparison of the results of the obtained retained pressure drop and the results of other models has been carried out. A numerical mathematical model that considers the deformation of the magnetorheological plug has been developed. The model makes it possible to estimate the influence of centrifugal forces of the rotating shaft on the retained pressure drop. The results can be used to create high-speed seal components. The difference of the value of analytical calculation does not exceed 5 %. The assumption about full filling of the working gap with magnetic fluid 2,5 times underestimates the retained pressure difference at high shaft rotation speeds.
Inclusive Technology of Interaction between Specialists of Preschool Educational Institutions “Outside The Office” as an Effective Form of Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Akulova E.G.
Published: March 2022

The article proposes practice-oriented innovative approaches to teaching children with special educational needs. The author describes the problems due to which the process of increasing the availability of quality education for these children is greatly complicated. He also offers a technology to solve these problems. It's essence is in the introduction of effective forms of work to prevent the "social exclusion" of these children. The proposed inclusive technology “Outside the Office” is part of the technological complex “Park of Inclusive Technologies: From Loneliness to People”, which became the winner of the “All-Russian Competition of the best psychological and pedagogical programs and technologies in the educational environment — 2019”. The testing of the inclusive technology “Outside the Office” was carried out for 4 years on the basis of the Kindergarten No. 13 of Tomsk. Methods were developed and put into practice for including children with special educational needs among their peers, as well as effective methods and techniques for working with narrow specialists and additional education teachers. The article claims that the basis of the inclusive technology “Outside the Office” is the cultural-historical concept of the development of mental functions of L.S. Vygotsky. The tasks, the participants of the inclusive process, the basic technological principles and the content of the inclusive technology “Outside the Office” are described.
On the development of N. A. Mislavsky's scientific legacy on the problem of breathing regulation on the basis of clinical data
Authors: Sergievsky M. V.
Published: March 2022

Among the physiologists of the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century N.A. Mislavsky undoubtedly belongs to the leading importance in the study of the mechanisms of respiratory regulation. Based on the results of careful physiological and morphological experiments in 1885 he made a number of conclusions, which were the basis of a certain direction in understanding and solving the whole problem of respiratory regulation in general.He belongs to a specific definition of the concept of "respiratory center". He wrote: "The respiratory center must be that place of the nervous system, the destruction of which leads to an irreversible cessation of respiratory movements. He determined its location and boundaries in the medulla oblongata and provided the first evidence of the division of the respiratory center into aspiratory and expiratory parts.
On the dynamics of 17-ketosteroids in urine during treatment of rheumatism with antirheumatic agents
Authors: Valimukhametova D. A.
Published: March 2022

To date, there is no consensus on the etiology of rheumatism. The most common is the streptococcal theory of rheumatism - about -hemolytic streptococcus type A (V. T. Talalaev, N. D. Strazhesko, A. I. Nesterov, Aschoff, Grff, Fahr and others) and the streptococcal theory (G. D. Zaleski, O. P. Peterson, Swift and others). The authors' point of view on the pathogenesis of rheumatism is relatively consistent. All authors recognize that in the pathogenesis of rheumatism the leading role is played by the disturbance of two systems: hyaluronidase-hyaluronic acid system and disturbance of hormonal function of pituitary-adrenal system, namely, inhibition of ACTH synthesis, which is a stimulator of adrenal cortex hormones.
A case of latent hermaphroditism detected during an appendectomy
Authors: Rakhmatullin R. N.
Published: March 2022

Hermaphroditism in men is an extremely rare phenomenon. From the available literature we managed to find only one case from Tashkent (described by I.M. Georgadze and Yunusov).Patient G., 20 years old, was admitted with symptoms of acute appendicitis. Objectively: the appearance of a healthy young man, of average height, regular build. One testicle was absent, the right spermatic cord was not palpable.
Clinic and treatment of influenza
Authors: Reznik A. E.
Published: March 2022

The 1957 influenza pandemic swept every country in the world and was characterized by an extremely high morbidity rate. Such a widespread spread of influenza has attracted the attention not only of medical professionals but also of the general public to the issues of influenza clinic and prevention.The first reliable description of a flu epidemic dates back to 1510, when the disease, which began in Malta, spread to Italy, France, Spain and other European countries. According to Hirsch, from 1510 to 1850 there were 9 extensive pandemics and 125 separate pandemic outbreaks in Europe. One of the most significant pandemics began in Bukhara in May 1889 and spread throughout the globe within a year and a half. The most violent influenza pandemic in human history, "Spanish Flu," began in 1918 and within a year and a half covered every part of the globe, causing enormous casualties.
A case of photo-imaging agent poisoning
Authors: Fedorov M. I. , Talantov V. V.
Published: March 2022

Acute lethal poisonings with photoprothylene ("metol") are described extremely rarely. In the available literature we found only one work devoted to the clinic and morphology of this poisoning (T.A. Savelieva). This issue is also insufficiently covered in manuals on occupational and domestic poisonings, which affects the provision of effective care. From this point of view, our case can be of interest for clinicians, forensic physicians and pathologists.
Schools of Kazan surgeons and their importance for the development of national surgery
Authors: Sokolov N. V.
Published: March 2022

Kazan has long been one of the centers of surgical culture, and it is not without reason that Academician H. N. Burdenko said in his speech in 1940 at the meeting devoted to the 175th anniversary of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute: "The Kazan and Kharkov centers (surgical) have created interesting and original concepts, animating the attention of scientific and practical surgeons and obliging them to test and apply their suggestions." The development of surgical schools in Kazan is connected with the names of V.I. Razumovsky (1857-1935) and A.V. Vishnevsky (1874-1948) - the natives of Kazan University.
New apparatus for determining the basic metabolism (AOV type)
Authors: Abdrakhmanov M. I. , Logvinov I. A.
Published: March 2022

By order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, the team of the Kazan Design Bureau designed and tested a new, closed-type apparatus for determination of basal metabolism. A distinctive feature of the new apparatus from similar apparatuses of other types (Douglas-Holden, Mole, etc.) is that it makes it possible to conduct basic metabolism tests in humans in three ways: with pure oxygen alone (bellows volume - 6 liters); with a gas mixture of 30 liters of atmospheric air and 6 liters of pure oxygen, with a chemical carbon dioxide absorber turned off, or with the same gas mixture with a carbon dioxide absorber turned on.
Prospects for the development of health care in the Tatar ASSR for its 40th anniversary
Authors: Yarmukhametova R. Yu.
Published: March 2022

As a result of the tireless concern of the Communist Party and the Soviet government about the people's health, the health indicators of Tatarstan were completely transformed - smallpox, cholera, and parasitic typhus disappeared, which constituted a real disaster for the working people in b. In the Kazan province, malaria was defeated, the diseases of diphtheria, scarlet fever and other infections sharply decreased. Thanks to the legislation on labor protection and health-improving measures at work, the incidence of sickness with disability has significantly decreased. These shifts in the health status of the population have been strikingly reflected in the reduction in mortality rates to the lowest levels in the world. So, the mortality rate in Tatarstan in 1958 was 7.9 per 1000 population, while in the USA in the same 1958 the total mortality rate was 9.5 per 1000, in France - 11.1, in England - 11, 7. The natural population growth in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic also left far behind the aforementioned most developed capitalist countries: in Tataria, the natural population growth in 1958 was 22.1 per 1000 population, while in the USA it was 14.8, in France - 7.0 , in England - 5.1.
On the treatment of patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer with ganglion blocking drugs
Authors: Ischenko I. K.
Published: March 2022

An extensive literature is devoted to the conservative treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The idea of an ulcer not as an isolated lesion of the stomach or duodenum, but as a suffering of the whole organism underlies the comprehensive treatment of this disease. A huge role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease belongs to the nervous system, and in the symptomatology - to the symptom of pain. Hence the desire in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease to affect the nervous system in its various links - to relieve pain.
Tissue therapy for amenorrhea
Authors: Ivanova V. I.
Published: March 2022

Tissue therapy, developed and introduced into medical practice by Academician V.P. Filatov, became widespread in the Soviet Union and attracted everyone's attention. This prompted us to use the tissue therapy method in the treatment of amenorrhea, both primary and secondary. For replanting, we used earlier the ovary and spleen of the calf, and later we began to use the placenta of puerperas. The fabrics were prepared according to the temporary instructions of the USSR Ministry of Health from 27 / VII-50.
About hemolytic anemia Markiafava - Micheli
Authors: Krasnoperov F. T.
Published: March 2022

Chronic hemolytic anemia with predominantly intravascular hemolysis was described as early as 1908 by Chaoferard and Troisier (2 cases). In 1911 Markiafava identified this disease as a peculiar form of anemia, and in 1928 Micheli gave a detailed description of the disease. In the domestic literature, individual diseases of this kind have been described more than once. Since the pathogenesis and therapy of this disease remain unclear, the description of the clinic and therapy of even isolated cases deserves publication.
To the diagnosis of appendicitis
Authors: Alimov Z. Z.
Published: March 2022

Based on the study of long-term results in 308 patients operated on for chronic and acute appendicitis and followed up for 1-2 years, it was revealed that the percentage of diagnostic errors remains high (according to our data, in chronic appendicitis in 24 % and in acute appendicitis in 10 % of cases) and testifies, on the one hand, to the insufficient quality of doctors' diagnostics, on the other, to the difficulties of recognition, due to the variety of complaints, an unclear clinical picture and due to the lack of objective symptoms for recognizing appendicitis.
The work of "home help" in the context of its combination with an ambulance station
Authors: Musin M. F. , Borchaninova E. A.
Published: March 2022

Until February 1958, the ambulance station in Kazan, as in most cities of the Russian Federation, operated independently of the home help carried out separately by each district polyclinic in the city. The disunity of ambulance and "home help" introduced many organizational difficulties into the service of the population, and often led to the fact that therapeutic patients generally remained without medical assistance at home at night. This was explained by the fact that home help at polyclinics was provided by one doctor on duty, who himself accepted calls and, as they accumulated, at his own discretion (alone, without a nurse) went to service, having 5-6 calls on hand. In the absence of a doctor in the polyclinic, no one was left on the phone, and many patients, not receiving medical help through the polyclinic, had to go to the ambulance, which, in turn, could not cope with the duties of the polyclinics of the entire city. Therefore, the night home help service was clearly underperforming, making a very limited number of calls.
Stopping atonic postpartum hemorrhage with "metrohemostat" by V.E. Rogovin
Authors: Kozlov L. A.
Published: March 2022

The fight against postpartum atonic bleeding is carried out using mechanical (massage of the uterus, pressing the aorta, tamponade of the uterine cavity), thermal (ice on the uterine region) and pharmacological (pituitrin, ergotine, etc.), which are usually used in combination with one another. When it is not possible to stop bleeding by the listed measures, they resort to amputation or extirpation of the uterus. However, it is not always possible to perform the operation in a timely manner, especially in rural conditions, as a result of which maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage is high.
Taking blood from donors under local anesthesia
Authors: Rosenzweig K. I.
Published: March 2022

Puncture of the vein of the elbow bend with an ordinary sharpened needle with good technique causes only slight pain in the donor. However, when taking blood for transfusion, due to the large diameter of the Dufo needle, a certain effort is still required from the donor to overcome pain, which can be significant in some subjects. Striving to maximize donor sparing during blood donation is necessary not only for reasons of humanity, but also in order to attract a larger number of donors.
Kazan Medical Institute for the 40th anniversary of the Tatar ASSR
Authors: Vyaselev R. A.
Published: March 2022

Revived by the October Revolution and warmed by the Leninist national policy, the Tatar people in the friendly family of the peoples of the USSR for 40 years of intense and successful struggle to build socialism in the country have achieved considerable success in the field of science, culture and health care. A branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, research institutes, a university and numerous other higher and secondary educational institutions, in which more than 30 thousand students study, operate in the capital of the republic - Kazan.
Opisthorchiasis in Laishevsky district of TASSR
Authors: Khamidullin R. I.
Published: March 2022

Examining carp fish caught in the areas of Laishev on the Kama and Kamsky Ustye on the Volga, we found its high infestation with opisthorchis metacercariae. Thus, 96 out of 112 ides were affected (85.7%), out of 52 bream - 38, out of 13 asps - 4. The pathogenicity of metacercariae was proved by feeding dogs with this fish. All 16 dogs that received raw fish (ide, bream, asp) fell ill with opisthorchiasis with the appearance of opisthorchis eggs in their feces and detection of helminths upon opening in the bile ducts of the liver, gall bladder, pancreatic duct.
To the question of the times of surgery for acute appendicitis
Authors: Spiridonov A. N.
Published: March 2022

The discussion we renewed about the time of the operation for acute appendicitis does not pretend to be an exhaustive solution to the issue, but is only an attempt to clarify some points, the most relevant and still not resolved. This attempt is made by us on the basis of a study of literature, with a predominance of American, and our own experience on the material of a large industrial city.
On the method of collecting material on maternal mortality
Authors: Pisarevsky N. N.
Published: March 2022

The solution of the problem of reducing the incidence and mortality of women in connection with pregnancy, abortion and childbirth ("maternal mortality"), the problem posed by the MMM in the 2nd five-year plan, cannot do without properly set accounting. know where to direct your attention. Meanwhile, accounting for maternal mortality suffers from some defects, which were felt by all who studied this issue, as can be seen from the relevant literature.
Schilder Paul. (Paralysis agitans pictures in alcoholics. Journ. Nerv Dis. 76. 586-88)
Authors: Galant Yves.
Published: March 2022

Schilder Paul. (Paralysis agitans pictures in alcoholics. Journ. Nerv Dis. 76. 586-88) notes in alcoholics conditions similar to those in paralysis agitans. These states find their expression in changes in tone, a mask-like face, in a special form of tremor, in the convergence of outstretched arms, resting on the flexor contracture in the elbow joint, etc.
Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll’s Mitt. № 3. 1933)
Authors: Galant Yves.
Published: March 2022

Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll's Mitt. No. 3. 1933) provides an overview of the drug treatment of various states of depression: true endogenous depression (melancholy), reactive depression and psychogenic depression. The former arise from unknown causes; the second group also refers to endogenous depressions, but with them there is a provoking mental cause.
On the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. D-r Becker (Zentrlbl. F. Chir. 1933. No. 27)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: March 2022

Dr. Becker (Zentrlbl. F. Chir. 1933. No. 27) suggests for the correct installation of fragments of the shin bones, in case of their fracture in the diaphyseal part, in addition to applying a Kigschner nail on the calcaneus, grab the upper fragment of the tibia with a metal bracket.
Methods of work of a health center in dairy and livestock sovkhozes
Authors: Yavnel A. Yu.
Published: March 2022

On the basis of the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated 30/31/31 - the central task for the near future in the field of agriculture is the organization and strengthening of the socialist sector of animal husbandry - state farms and collective farm dairy farms, 1931 and 1932. should be the years of the same decisive turning point in the development of animal husbandry as 1929 and 1930 were in the organization of socialist grain farming.
From the experience of professional and hygienic work on the introduction of female labor into industry
Authors: Fridlyand I. G.
Published: March 2022

The main task of building a socialist society the elimination of all types of exploitation of man by man "requires, as one of its most important prerequisites, a restructuring of social relations that would ensure complete equality for women.
To the symptomatology of liver syphilis
Authors: Likht L. M.
Published: March 2022

In the symptomatological complex, which outlines the contours of the luetic lesion of the liver, ascites is given little attention; some authors consider it a very rare symptom, and, therefore, not deserving much attention; others do not even mention him at all.
Allergic inflammation
Authors: Ado A. A.
Published: March 2022

Relatively not so long ago, the doctrine of the inflammatory response was enriched by the concept of "allergic inflammation" (von Pirquet 1907-08). However, the subsequent experimental and clinical study of these inflammatory forms has deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis of each inflammatory reaction so much that it can rightfully be called a stage in the new history of inflammation. From time immemorial, the doctor knew the variety of forms of development and course of inflammation. The construction of these numerous modifications of inflammation in most cases remained unclear. In his practice, each doctor encounters forms of extremely rapidly developing inflammation. Notae verae inflammationis is especially prominent in these cases. Tissue lesions end in necrosis. This one symptom already indicates the rapid development of this form of inflammation. But the rate of its formation can also be registered when studying other inflammatory signs preceding necrosis. A characteristic feature of the development of a normal skin test in an allergic person is the appearance within the first half an hour, literally "before the eyes" of the observer, hyperemia, edema on the periphery of the injection and even infiltration at the injection site.
MP Konchalovsky - Internal Medicine Clinic. General part G. M. I. 1933.
Authors: Luria R.
Published: March 2022

The new manual for the clinic of internal diseases is a collective work of prof. MP Konchalovsky and his collaborators and is essentially an introduction to the study of internal diseases, reflecting the attitudes of the school of MP Konchalovsky.
Camphor phenol as a prophylactic agent for aseptic operations. D-r Karl Urban (Zentralbl. F. Chir., 1933. No. 35)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: March 2022

Camphor phenol as a prophylactic agent for aseptic operations. Dr. Karl Urban (Zentralbl. F. Chir., 1933. No. 35) performed over 8000 aseptic operations over 8 years, where, before closing the skin wound, he injected subcutaneously 10-20 drops of camphor phenol.
Examination of the menisci in the knee joints. D-r P. Miiller (Zntralbl. F. Chir., 1933, no. 35)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: March 2022

Examination of the menisci in the knee joints. Dr. P. Miiller (Zntralbl. F. Chir., 1933, no. 35) observed the annunciation of menisci in 1% of cases with the simultaneous existence of artritis deformans in patients.
On tetanic phenomena in ether anesthesia. W. N. Kemp (Amesth. A. Analg. 1933, 12)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: March 2022

On tetanic phenomena in ether anesthesia. W. N. Kemp (Amesth. A. Analg. 1933, 12) believes that increased breathing during ether-oxygen anesthesia leads to blood alkalosis.
On the treatment of puerperal sepsis by local interstitial vaccination. Spirit o (Zbl. F. Gyn., 1933, no. 33)
Authors: Manenkov P.
Published: March 2022

On the treatment of puerperal sepsis by local interstitial vaccination. Spirit about (Zbl. F. Gyn., 1933, No. 33) considers a good therapeutic method - repeated injections, every 3 days, deep into the parenchyma of the vaginal part of 1/3 cc. sant. multivalent vaccine (streptococci 1 billion, staphylococci and gonococci 500 million each and Escherichia coli 300 million in 1 cc).