bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperialismo, formação econômica russa e Revolução de 1917
Authors: De Campos Fábio Antonio
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como a combinação entre o imperialismo no limiar do século XX e a particularidade da formação econômica russa determinou a Revolução de 1917. Para tanto, o artigo se apoia na tese de “desenvolvimento desigual e combinado” de Lênin e Trotsky e sua relação com os principais fatos históricos que compõem temas como: industrialização, capital internacional, questão agrária e guerra. Nossa conclusão é de que a Revolução de 1917 se apresenta ao mesmo tempo como uma fratura no modo de produção capitalista, impondo-se como marco mundial que influi sobre outros espaços capitalistas, e a especificidade de um caso de economia dependente cujo enfrentamento de suas contradições criou um experimento social inovador contra o capitalismo.
“Negro e branco pobre, tudo é escravo, mas tem tudo na mão”: discussões sobre raça e classe no romance Jubiabá de Jorge Amado
Authors: Santana Geferson
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa como Jorge Amado representou os problemas em torno da ideia de raça e classe, no Brasil, a partir do romance Jubiabá, publicado em 1935. Esta obra construiu o primeiro herói negro da literatura brasileira, Antônio Balduíno, inspirado na estética do realismo socialista da União Soviética (URSS), que nos incita a discutir sobre os elementos conceituais em torno desse movimento artístico-literário e como este influenciou na produção intelectual do escritor baiano. Esta análise nos permitiu entender como os tipos (personagens) e cenários foram criados numa relação dialógica com o contexto histórico da cidade de Salvador da primeira metade do século XX.
Régimen de trabajo y participación en los procesos de recuperación de empresas en Argentina en el nuevo siglo
Authors: DEUX MARZI María Victoria
Published: October 2019

En este artículo describimos y analizamos procesos de recuperación de empresas desarrollados en el período 2000 – 2015. Transcurridos veinte años de las primeras recuperaciones de empresas, interesa especialmente analizar y caracterizar procesos que han logrado sostenerse con relativa estabilidad durante un período que aquí consideramos que ha traspuesto el de la estricta recuperación (etapa fundacional e incipiente recuperación). Así, centrándonos en la fase de consolidación de los procesos, nos preguntamos por las características de las formas económicas y las relaciones sociales que efectivamente se han consolidado en los procesos analizados, y por la naturaleza y los alcances de las transformaciones que en ambos (formas económicas y relaciones sociales) han tenido lugar. Todo ello, nos acerca a conocer si las nuevas configuraciones laborales constituyen una experiencia de trabajo socialmente distinta.
Submetido em: 10/04/2019Aceito em: 01/06/2019
OS EFEITOS DA MOBILIZAÇÃO PRECOCE EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Pacheco Tatiane Ribeiro , Monte Fernando Viegas do
Published: October 2019

The development of generalized weakness related to the critical patient is one of the recurrent complications in an intensive care unit. Reduced muscle strength increases weaning time, hospitalization, risk of infection. Physiotherapy is fundamental in these patients as a resource for prevention of muscle weakness, hypotrophy and recovery of functional capacity. The critical patient admitted to the ICU has severe motor restrictions. Adequate bed positioning and early patient mobilization may represent one of the only possibilities for individual interaction with the environment and should be considered as a source of sensory motor stimulation and prevention of complications secondary to immobility. Some studies address the role of kinesiotherapy in critically ill patients, who in the initial phase are seen as “very sick” or “very clinically unstable” for mobilization interventions. However, early mobilization activities demonstrate benefits. Delaying the beginning of the exercises only helps to intensify the patient’s functional deficit. The objective of this study is to review the literature related to the effects of kinesiotherapy in patients admitted to intensive care units.
 
Received on: 03/03/2019Reformulated on: 06/30/2019Approved on: 06/30/2019
Síndrome de DiGeorge/velocardiofacial: reporte de un caso
Authors: Acosta-Aragón María A. , Torres-Hernández Daniela , Fletcher-Toledo Tatiana
Published: October 2019

El síndrome de DiGeorge, también conocido como síndrome velocardiofacial o síndrome de deleción 22q11, se caracteriza por la ausencia congénita del timo y la glándula paratiroides. La tríada clásica de este trastorno es cardiopatía congénita, endocrinopatía con hipocalcemia e inmunodeficiencia primaria. Sin embargo, el síndrome puede exhibir múltiples alteraciones y manifestaciones clínicas pleiotrópicas que, a menudo, resultan en dismorfismo facial y alteraciones en el paladar. Clínicamente se evidencia mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones respiratorias o gastrointestinales recurrentes y, en los casos de aplasia tímica, se requiere tratamiento con antibióticos profilácticos y trasplante tímico, mientras que en los demás se hace manejo expectante. En este manuscrito se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 18 meses de edad, remitido al servicio de genética por presentar diversas alteraciones fenotípicas. Se describe el proceso mediante el cual se llegó al diagnóstico de síndrome de DiGeorge, a su manejo y pronóstico, y se hace una breve revisión de la literatura.
Políticas de Agrocombustíveis no Brasil: Paradigmas e Disputa Territorial
Authors: Fernandes Bernardo Mançano , Welch Clifford Andrew , Gonçalves Elienai Constantino
Published: October 2019

O artigo versa sobre os sentidos das políticas governamentais, das ações dos movimentos camponeses e das corporações neste momento de intensificação da expansão das áreas de culturas para produção dos agrocombustíveis. Os autores analisam as relações e suas contradições a partir das influências dos paradigmas sobre as políticas de governos e sobre as ações das organizações. Discutem como as políticas e as ações modificam os parâmetros dos paradigmas. A partir de trabalho de campo, estudam três experiências de movimentos camponeses, sendo dois deles vinculados à Via Campesina. Estudam também documentos da Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura (CONTAG) para comparar as posturas dos movimentos camponeses frente às políticas e relações com o agronegócio. Com essas análises, os autores refletem sobre a relação existente entre território material e imaterial, confrontando as realidades, teorias, conceitos e ideologias por meio do debate paradigmático.
Sustentabilidade na Agricultura e Geografia Agrária: O Contexto da Agricultura Orgânica no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Barros Regina Cohen
Published: October 2019

A preocupação que orienta o presente trabalho é subsidiar os atuais debates sobre as dinâmicas recentes do espaço rural brasileiro, inserindo-o no escopo da geografia agrária; analisando especificamente o estado do Rio de Janeiro, que passa por transformações provocadas pela intensificação da urbanização no campo; e redefinindo os conceitos “rural” e “urbano” para a geografia, a partir das mudanças geradas pelo processo histórico e pela lógica capitalista de desenvolvimento. A agricultura orgânica no estado do Rio de Janeiro emergiu no setor da horticultura e na mesma região de domínio dessa atividade no estado -- a região serrana fluminense. Como a olericultura só era cultivada nos moldes convencionais, a agricultura orgânica se voltou para o mercado consumidor da região metropolitana, sendo, contudo, comercializada através de nova estrutura que garantia a procedência orgânica dos produtos. Inicialmente, os produtores eram de base urbana e iniciavam um novo negócio. O crescimento das oportunidades do produto orgânico no mercado metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro e uma maior divulgação dessa prática agrícola atraíram novos produtores, requerendo um processo de conversão para aqueles agricultores já envolvidos na horticultura convencional.
Ilha de Guaratiba: Paisagem Verde Para Quem?
Authors: Dias Alice Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo trata das imagens construídas da paisagem verde/rural no imaginário social, que levaram moradores de diversas partes da cidade, inclusive de bairros nobres do Rio de Janeiro, a escolher a Ilha de Guaratiba (área periurbana) como local de moradia a partir da década de 1970. Trata ainda dos conflitos e expectativas que essa inserção acabou por provocar. Os primeiros outsiders a se instalar, entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, ocuparam sítios. Os seguintes, a partir da década de 1990, ocuparam condomínios fechados recém-lançados. A construção desses condomínios e posterior decreto da prefeitura propondo transformar a Ilha num bairro de classe média projetaram a possibilidade de um futuro não cogitado até então, gerando uma série de sentimentos e ações conflitantes entre os primeiros outsiders e antigos moradores ainda ligados ou não à agricultura. Em defesa de seus valores e consequentes necessidades, cada ator social/político vem utilizando as “armas” que tem em mãos, tendo em vista suas diferentes trajetórias sociais. Enquantopara os primeiros outsiders a proteção da paisagem verde é o foco de suas ações, para os antigos moradores -- aqueles que não encontram em “seu lugar” tal paisagem -- a mudança, mesmo que lamentada, é a melhor opção prática para resolução de seus problemas.
Espaços Públicos: a Cidade em Cena (I) A Fabricação do Filme. O Relato de uma Aventura
Authors: Gomes Paulo Cesar Da Costa
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta o relato do processo de construção de uma experiênciaque consistiu em operacionalizar o uso de imagens na Geografia não somente analisando-as, mas produzindo-as. Esse procedimento resultou em um filme que pretende ser, simultaneamente, um instrumento de pesquisa e uma discussão metodológica sobre o uso de imagens pelos geógrafos.
O Muro é a Notícia: o Discurso da Ordem e o Ecolimite do Santa Marta
Authors: Machado Ana Brasil
Published: October 2019

Os ecolimites foram significados de diferentes maneiras em um intenso debatepúblico, onde o discurso da ordem apareceu com relativo destaque. No Morro de Santa Marta, localizado no bairro de Botafogo, Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, o muro ganhou visibilidade e se coadunou com outras ações do poder público no intuito de modificar a morfologia da favela. Esses empreendimentos, baseados em imagens da favela, da cidade, da floresta e do muro, projetam uma reordenação espacial, ressignificando as relações entre as diferentes ordens espaciais colocadas em jogo pela construção dos ecolimites. O objetivo aqui é discutir esse novo cenário, considerando a ideia de ordem como elemento estruturante, a partir de notícias veiculadas no jornal O Globo.
Reflexões sobre o Ensino Superior e a Pós-graduação em Geografia
Authors: Galvão Maria do Carmo Correia
Published: October 2019

Este artigo foi redigido em 1989 (atualizado para essa publicação) e expressaum momento de discussão dos rumos do ensino superior e da expansão da pós-graduação em Geografia, até então concentrada em poucos cursos localizados nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. É, sobretudo, uma reflexão sobre a Geografia e sua posição no debate ambiental da época, que se mantém bastante atual. Ambiente e natureza são debatidos na perspectiva geográfica da totalidade espacial resultante da articulação físico/social, sociedade/natureza. A unidade da Geografia na abordagem do ambiente é enfatizada e associada ao ensino da Geografia, ressaltando o papel da formação de geógrafos e licenciados. Manter a sintonia entre a formação do profissional e novas questões da sociedade, apoiada na identidade disciplinar da Geografia é um processo permanenteao Ensino Superior e à Pós-graduação em Geografia, tendo tido como resultante uma multiplicação de novos cursos, muito além dos sete cursos de pós-graduações existentes quando da redação original desse artigo.
O Comércio Atacadista Carioca (1855-1900): Padrões e Processos Espaciais
Authors: Alves Vitor De Araujo
Published: October 2019

Na segunda metade do século XIX começa a se desenrolar com mais intensidadea separação entre os usos do solo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, processo que norteia o presente artigo. O objetivo é participar dessa discussão através da análise dos padrões e processos espaciais relacionados aos comerciantes atacadistas, que serão vistos nos anos de 1855 e 1900. Partimos da premissa de que os atacadistas, mais do que meros responsáveis pelo depósito e comercialização de produtos “em grosso”, cumprem ainda o papel da intermediação comercial. A articulação entre as escalas espaciais da produção  e do consumo não deve ser subestimada, principalmente num mundo onde ainda predominam a dificuldade e a lentidão nas comunicações. Por fim, a cadeia comercial de exportação do café será vista como um caso à parte e terá mais dois recortes temporais intermediários, possibilitando uma análise espacial mais detalhada.
Homenagem à Bertha K. Becker do Professor Pedro Pinchas Geiger da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Geiger Pedro Pinchas
Published: October 2019

Geografias Vividas
Avaliação da Chuva de Granizo no Riacho São Gonçalo, Inserido na Sub-Bacia Puiú, no Sertão dos Inhamuns
Authors: Melo Cristiane E Castro Feitosa , Cruz Maria Lucia Brito da
Published: October 2019

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a chuva de granizo, após um ano de baixo índice pluviométrico, na área do riacho São Gonçalo, localizado na sub-bacia Puiú, no sertão dos Inhamuns. A precipitação média, dentro das suas condições originais, sofreu uma mudança expressiva, em que houve um aumento de seus valores, e as chuvas que vêm ocorrendo no Ceará se devem à presença de um sistema meteorológico denominado Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis, que ocorre com maior frequência de dezembro a fevereiro. No entanto, a ocorrência de granizo é devido à formação de nuvens do tipo cumulonimbus, que se desenvolvem verticalmente. Sob o ponto de vista metodológico, adotou-se a concepção sistêmica, em que foi iniciada com a observação in loco do nível de chuva, por meio da marcação do pluviômetro instalado nas casas de moradores, na área do riacho São Gonçalo. A coleta da precipitação, de dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014, para as análises climáticas, teve seus valores comparados aos limites determinados pela Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME), evidenciando que a análise diária das chuvas como componente ambiental é de fundamental importância para indicar o nível de precipitação na área e como forma de gerar expectativa ao agricultor.
Bases metodológicas e neurofuncionais da avaliação de ocorrência de dor / sofrimento em animais
Authors: Prada Irvênia Luiza de Santis , Massone Flávio , Cais Arif , Costa Paulo Eduardo Miranda , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: October 2019

Identificar e consequentemente evitar situações que sujeitem animais a sofrimentos têm sido um objetivo bem definido, em Bioética. Entretanto, o assunto é complexo, basicamente por duas razões (lASP - Intemational Association for the Study of Pain- SHORT; POZNAN, 1992, p. 64): 1. dor/sofrimento são fenômenos de vivência subjetiva (McGRATH; FINLEY, 2000. p. 15-19); 2. os animais, assim como os bebês humanos, não nos informam verbalmente a respeito do que sentem. Propõe-se, assim, uma visão abrangente da ciência, sustentada pelo método racional, que possa embasar a avaliação das mais diversas situações em que são utilizados animais: experimentação científica, uso para fins didáticos, produção, exibição em circos, parques e zoológicos, entre outros, particularizando-se a polêmica questão da possibilidade de o uso do sedém e de esporas causar dor / sofrimento nos animais durante treinamentos e provas de rodeio. Para tanto, analisa-se a similitude de configuração morfofuncional das vias neurais da dor, comparativamente ao ser humano, recorrendo-se, assim, ao Princípio da Homologia, preconizado pela LASA - Laboratory Animal Science Association. Para se identificar a vivência de dor / sofrimento em animais, são também analisadas as possibilidades (Anais do Simpósio "The Detection and Relief of Pain in Animais" - B. V.A. - British Veterinarian Association) de ocorrência de Sinais Fisiológicos, bem como de Comportamento Sugestivo dessa vivência. Formas substitutivas de procedimentos que envolvem a ocorrência de dor / sofrimento de animais, nas mais variadas situações em que são utilizados, devem ser buscadas, pretendendo-se sempre preservar suas condições de bem-estar. Essa postura não apenas é compatível como direito natural dos animais, de não serem sujeitados a sofrimentos, como ainda é coerente com a condição de dignidade que pretendemos merecer, como seres humanos.
Estimating the Burden of Cost in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Human Capital Approach
Authors: Jones Chris A. , Fernandez Luca P. , Weimersheimer Peter , Zakai Neil A. , Sharf Michael , Mesa Oscar A. , Peters Christian , di Carlo Antonio , Norotsky Mitchell C.
Published: October 2019

With advances in organ matching and preventing acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become a focus of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Given that cGvHD often presents years following a transplant, our objective was to estimate its burden of cost resulting from allogeneic HSCT based on published estimates of incidence, morbidity, the value of lost work time and survivorship. Our choice of a ten-year time horizon is novel to the field of rare disease and was determined to be meaningful after consultations with present co-authors, including five physicians, one of whom is a transplant surgeon. A total of 44 450 cGvHD patients in the United States were estimated to require treatment over the next decade (from 2015 to 2025). This estimate is based on the last 5 years of trends reported in the transplant registries. What is not reported in any registry is that these patients will accrue a total of 605 631 years of lost wages, a collective lost productivity that will cost society over $27 Billion in the decade ahead: more than five times ($27B vs. $5.2B) the estimated ten-year cost of treating the condition.
Mobile Integrated Healthcare: Preliminary Experience and Impact Analysis with a Medicare Advantage Population
Authors: Castillo Daniel J. , Myers J. Brent , Mocko Jonathan , Beck Eric H.
Published: October 2019

Background: Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) is a novel, patient-centered approach to population management. This concept creates a needs-matched, time appropriate assignment of one or more members of a multi-professional clinical team to care for patients on a scheduled or unscheduled basis. The selection of the site of care for scheduled interventions is driven by patient choice and, most often occurs in the patient’s home; unscheduled interventions are guided by a 5-point triage system and, based on acuity, may be treated in the home, primary care office, urgent care or, rarely, in an emergency department.

Methods: An MIH team was assigned to deliver a care coordination program for a Medicare Advantage PPO (MAPPO) population (55% female, 71.2 years mean age), with risk assignment and interventions designed to affect potentially avoidable utilization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), emergency department, and medical inpatient admissions. Patients participating in the MIH program were compared with contemporaneous, risk-matched non-participants as well as to actuarially expected cost and utilization based on historical claim experience.

Results: All measured trends demonstrated favorable results for patients participating in the MIH program when compared against a matched cohort: 19% decrease in emergency department per member per month (PMPM) cost, 21% decrease in emergency department utilization, 37% decrease in inpatient PMPM cost, 40% decrease inpatient utilization, all measures reached statistical significance. Member experience satisfaction scores and patient activation measures also showed favorable preliminary trends.

Conclusion: This initial impact analysis of a MIH care coordination program for this MAPPO population demonstrates promising trends regarding utilization, cost, member experience and patient activation. These preliminary findings indicate both that implementation of such a program is feasible and strongly suggest meritorious impacts upon the health, experience and cost of care for the population.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Rivaroxaban versus Acenocoumarol in the Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Spain
Authors: Rubio-Terrés Carlos , Graefenhain de Codes Ruth , Rubio-Rodríguez Darío , Evers Thomas , Grau Cerrato Santiago
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, from the Spanish National Health System perspective, the cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban (20 mg/day) versus use of acenocoumarol (5 mg/day) for the treatment of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at moderate to high risk for stroke. Methods: A Markov model was designed and populated with local cost estimates, efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in stroke prevention in NVAF compared with adjusted-dose warfarin clinical results from the pivotal phase III ROCKET AF trial and utility values obtained from the literature. Warfarin and acenocoumarol were assumed to have therapeutic equivalence. Results: Rivaroxaban treatment was associated with fewer ischemic strokes and systemic embolisms (0.289 vs. 0.300 events), intracranial bleeds (0.051 vs. 0.067), and myocardial infarctions (0.088 vs. 0.102) per patient compared with acenocoumarol. Over a lifetime time horizon, rivaroxaban led to a reduction of 0.041 life-threatening events per patient, and increases of 0.103 life-years and 0.155 quality-adjusted lifeyears (QALYs) versus acenocoumarol treatment. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7045 per QALY and €10 602 per life-year gained. Sensitivity analysis indicated that these results were robust and that rivaroxaban is cost-effective compared with acenocoumarol in 89.4% of cases should a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30 000/QALY gained be considered. Conclusions: The present analysis suggests that rivaroxaban is a cost-effective alternative to acenocoumarol therapy for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolisms in patients with NVAF in the Spanish healthcare setting.
Cost-effectiveness of Chloride-liberal versus Chloriderestrictive Intravenous Fluids among Patients Hospitalized in the United States
Authors: Perrault Louise , Makhija Dilip , Beer Idal , Laplante Suzanne , Iannazzo Sergio , Raghunathan Karthik
Published: October 2019

Background: Patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) during critical illness or major surgery are at risk for renal sequelae such as costly and invasive acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) and chronic dialysis (CD). Rates of renal injury may be reduced with use of chloride-restrictive intravenous (IV) resuscitation fluids instead of chloride-liberal fluids.

Objectives: To compare the cost-effectiveness of chloride-restrictive versus chloride-liberal crystalloid fluids used during fluid resuscitation or for the maintenance of hydration among patients hospitalized in the US for critical illnesses or major surgery.

Methods: Clinical outcomes and costs for a simulated patient cohort (starting age 60 years) receiving either chloride-restrictive or chloride-liberal crystalloids were estimated using a decision tree for the first 90-day period after IV fluid initiation followed by a Markov model over the remainder of the cohort lifespan. Outcomes modeled in the decision tree were AKI development, recovery from AKI, progression to acute RRT, progression to CD, and death. Health states included in the Markov model were dialysis free without prior AKI, dialysis-free following AKI, CD, and death. Estimates of clinical parameters were taken from a recent meta-analysis, other published studies, and the US Renal Data System. Direct healthcare costs (in 2015 USD) were included for IV fluids, RRT, and CD. US-normalized health-state utilities were used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

Results: In the cohort of 100 patients, AKI was predicted to develop in the first 90 days in 36 patients receiving chloride-liberal crystalloids versus 22 receiving chloride-restrictive crystalloids. Higher costs of chloride-restrictive crystalloids were offset by savings from avoided renal adverse events. Chloride-liberal crystalloids were dominant over chloride-restrictive crystalloids, gaining 93.5 life-years and 81.4 QALYs while saving $298 576 over the cohort lifespan. One-way sensitivity analyses indicated results were most sensitive to the relative risk for AKI development and relatively insensitive to fluid cost. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses with 1000 iterations, chloride-restrictive crystalloids were dominant in 94.7% of iterations, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios below $50 000/QALY in 99.6%.

Conclusions: This analysis predicts improved patient survival and fewer renal complications with chloriderestrictive IV fluids, yielding net savings versus chloride-liberal fluids. Results require confirmation in adequately powered head-to-head randomized trials.
Case Report: Labial Veneer All Porcelain With Press Method For Improving Aesthetic On Patient With Central Diastema Case
Authors: Prawesthi Endang , Hasan Moh
Published: October 2019

Patients with central diastema disorders often feel shame and less of confident. The disorder can be repaired by a Labial veneer restoration. This restoration is an improvement in the form of a layer on the labial surface of the tooth selected because it gives satisfactory aesthetic results and maintains the tooth structure. At this time, the method of fabricating labial veneer all porcelain growing rapidly, such as making labial veneer all porcelain with base layer using press method like all porcelain E-max press. This paper aims to determine the stages and problem solving of the difficulties that arise in the procedure of fabricating labial veneer all porcelain with the basic layer of labial veneer using press method. The method is based on working model done in dental laboratory, starting from work model preparation, wax contouring (wax up), Sprueing, Investing, Preheating, Pressing, Divesting, Cutting sprue and Build-up porcelain. Results obtained from making this labial veneer all porcelain is a tightly closed diastema that forms a contact of the field, smooth and glossy surface and good aesthetic.
Comparison Of Risk Organ Distribution With Target Volume Size Variations	Using Rapid ARC And IMRT Techniques For Case Of Lung Cancer
Authors: Supriyaningsih Eny , Winarno Guntur , Firmansyah Trisno
Published: October 2019

This study aims to know how big the difference between dose distribution Rapid Arc and IMRT technique and gains on PTV dose 95%. This research is a descriptive qualitative research data obtained from Phantom to take three the size of the volume of the tumor is seen from the organs at risk of Medulla spinalis, heart, healthy and the lung from the results of the data processing and then analyzed the distribution of the received dose organs at risk. Data analysis is done using the Software eclipse. The result show received dose between flashes IMRT technique and Rapid arc technique on the size of the volume of cancer 250 cm3, 500 cm3, 750 cm3 on the part of the heart and the lungs, Rapid arc provides better radiation dose compared with IMRT but only the medulla spinalis get higher doses but still below the maximum dose organ and gains received on PTV dose 95% with the technique of Rapid Arc higher than IMRT technique.
رحلة الحج وأثرها في الصلات بين الدولتين المرينية والمملوكية
من القرن7-9ه/ 13-15م
Authors: الوداني فتحية محمد
Published: October 2019

تعد موضوعات التواصل الحضاري بين المسلمين في شتى الأقاليم ذات أهمية، لما تمثله من حقيقة مهمة ينبغي إبرازها والإفادة منها في عالمنا المعاصر، لاسيما في ظل الظروف الراهنة للعالم الإسلامي، وفي كافة النواحي السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والعلمية، وهي وجوب التكامل فيما بين أقاليمه، حتى يتمكن من تجاوز ما يمر به من ظروف، والبحث الذي بين أيدينا يقدم صورة للتواصل بين أبناء أقاليم العالم الإسلامي، وهو ماقام بين دولة بني مرين( )، ودولة المماليك( )، من خلال رحلة إلى الحج، هادفًا إلى إبراز أثر هذه الرحلة على العلاقات السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية بين الدولتين، ومدى اهتمام سلاطين بني مرين برحلة الحج بوصفها ركنًا من أركان الإسلام، وإبراز مالهذه الرحلة من دور في توثيق الصلات بين الدولتين، وما يعنيه اعتراف سلاطين بني مرين بحكم المماليك للمشرق العربي( )، بعد سقوط بغداد – الخلافة العباسية - على يد المغول 656ه/1258م.
A NOVEL STRAIN OF SHIGELLA SPECIES OUTBREAK IN A RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL IN PEMAGATSHEL, BHUTAN, 2012
Authors: Tsheten Tsheten , Tshering Dorji , Gyem Kinley , Dorji Sangay , Wangchuk Sonam , Irfani Tri Hari , Letho Letho
Published: October 2019

Background: A cluster of suspected shigellosis was reported from health center in Pemagatshel district to Royal Center for Disease Control on 14th May 2012. The investigation was done to determine the cause and risk factor for the outbreak so that appropriate control and prevention measures can be implemented.Methods: A descriptive study was used for the outbreak investigation. The food items and drinks served to boarding students were collected from the mess in-charge in order to assess their risk for the outbreak. The kitchen and its premises were inspected to study the likely contamination by rodents and other animals. The water and stool specimens were tested in the laboratory to identify all possible enteric pathogens.Results: 82 boarding students were affected with an overall attack rate of 28% (82/294). Diarrhea was the predominant symptom followed by abdominal pain and headache. The onset date of the cases varied between 11th and 18th May, 2012. Shigella species was isolated from stool specimens that showed resistant to amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole. Water specimen collected from source, distribution reservoir and tap water at school were found grossly contaminated.Conclusion: The outbreak was caused by novel strain of Shigella species which was not detected earlier in Bhutan. The promotion and provision of boiled water will greatly reduce the incidence of shigellosis especially in boarding facility.
Synthesis of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxycoumarin: experimental and computational evidence for intramolecular and intermolecular C-F…H-C bond
Authors: Mzozoyana Vuyisa , van Heerden Fanie R , Grimmer Craig
Published: October 2019

4-(2-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (6) was synthesized by Pechmann reaction under mild conditions via a three step-reaction. The solution-state 1H NMR spectra of 6 showed a strong intramolecular interaction between F and H5 (J
FH = 2.6 Hz) and 13C NMR suggested that this C-F…H-C coupling is a through-space interaction. The 2‑D HOESY spectrum and 1H‑{19F} 1‑D spectrum were also done to confirm this F…H interaction. The single crystal X-ray structure and the DFT-optimized structure showed that the fluorinated phenyl ring favours the orientation with the fluorine atom is closer to H5 than H3. The X-ray structure also showed the existence of the intermolecular C-F…H-C interactions.
Constraints on the Occurrence and Distribution of 1–20 MJup Companions to Stars at Separations of 5–5000 au from a Compilation of Direct Imaging Surveys
Authors: Baron Frédérique , Lafrenière David , Artigau Étienne , Gagné Jonathan , Rameau Julien , Delorme Philippe , Naud Marie-Eve
Published: October 2019

We present the first statistical analysis of exoplanet direct imaging surveys combining adaptive optics (AO) imaging at small separations with deep seeing-limited observations at large separations allowing us to study the entire orbital separation domain from 5 to 5000 au simultaneously. Our sample of 344 stars includes only confirmed members of nearby young associations and is based on all AO direct-imaging detection limits readily available online, with addition of our own previous seeing-limited surveys. Assuming that the companion distribution in mass and a semimajor axis follows a power-law distribution and adding a dependence on the mass of the host star, such as

, we constrain the parameters to obtain

,

, and

at a 68% confidence level, and we obtain

for the overall planet occurrence rate for companions with masses between 1 and 20

in the range of 5–5000 au. Thus, we find that occurrence of companions is negatively correlated with a semimajor axis and companion mass (marginally) but is positively correlated with the stellar host mass. Our inferred mass distribution is in good agreement with other distributions found previously from direct imaging surveys for planets and brown dwarfs, but is shallower as a function of mass than the distributions inferred by radial velocity surveys of gas giants in the 1–3 au range. This may suggest that planets at these wide and very wide separations represent the low-mass tail of the brown dwarfs and stellar companion distribution rather than an extension of the distribution of the inner planets.
Reanalysis of the Pulsar Scenario to Explain the Cosmic Positron Excess Considering the Recent Developments
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei
Published: October 2019

The slow diffusion of cosmic rays could be common around pulsars as indicated by the recent observations of HAWC, which can significantly change the pulsar interpretation of the well-known positron excess. Meanwhile, the latest measurement by AMS-02 shows a clear high-energy cutoff in the positron spectrum. Here, we check all the identified pulsars under the two-zone diffusion model to explain the new AMS-02 data. We find that the candidates must be nearby and middle-aged. Geminga, which was generally believed to be a very likely candidate, has recently been disfavored by Fermi-LAT observations of the GeV γ-ray flux. Following recent studies which indicate that PSR B1055−52 is much closer to the Earth than previously assumed, we propose for the first time that PSR B1055−52 is the most promising source of the positron excess. PSR B1055−52 can well reproduce both the intensity and the high-energy cutoff of the AMS-02 positron spectrum.
A Reverse Shock in GRB 181201A
Authors: Laskar Tanmoy , Eerten Hendrik van , Schady Patricia , Mundell C. G. , Alexander Kate D. , Duran Rodolfo Barniol , Berger Edo , Bolmer J. , Chornock Ryan , Coppejans Deanne L. , Fong Wen-fai , Gomboc Andreja , Jordana-Mitjans Núria , Kobayashi Shiho , Margutti Raffaella , Menten Karl M. , Sari Re’em , Yamazaki Ryo , Lipunov V. M. , Gorbovskoy E. , Kornilov V. G. , Tyurina N. , Zimnukhov D. , Podesta R. , Levato H. , Buckley D. A. H. , Tlatov A. , Rebolo R. , Serra-Ricart M.
Published: October 2019

We present comprehensive multiwavelength radio to X-ray observations of GRB 181201A spanning from ≈150 s to ≈163 days after the burst, comprising the first joint ALMA–VLA–GMRT observations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow. The radio and millimeter-band data reveal a distinct signature at ≈3.9 days, which we interpret as reverse-shock (RS) emission. Our observations present the first time that a single radio-frequency spectral energy distribution can be decomposed directly into RS and forward shock (FS) components. We perform detailed modeling of the full multiwavelength data set, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to construct the joint posterior density function of the underlying physical parameters describing the RS and FS synchrotron emission. We uncover and account for all discovered degeneracies in the model parameters. The joint RS–FS modeling reveals a weakly magnetized (σ ≈ 3 × 10−3), mildly relativistic RS, from which we derive an initial bulk Lorentz factor of Γ0 ≈ 103 for the GRB jet. Our results support the hypothesis that low-density environments are conducive to the observability of RS emission. We compare our observations to other events with strong RS detections and find a likely observational bias selecting for longer lasting, nonrelativistic RSs. We present and begin to address new challenges in modeling posed by the present generation of comprehensive, multifrequency data sets.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Comparison of Lag Measurement Methods with Simulated Observations
Authors: Li Jennifer I-Hsiu , Shen Yue , Brandt W. N. , Grier C. J. , Hall P. B. , Ho L. C. , Homayouni Y. , Horne K. , Schneider D. P. , Trump J. R. , Starkey D. A.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the performance of different methodologies that measure the time lag between broad-line and continuum variations in reverberation mapping data using simulated light curves that probe a range of cadence, time baseline, and signal-to-noise ratio in the flux measurements. We compare three widely adopted lag-measuring methods: the interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF), the z-transformed discrete correlation function (ZDCF), and the Markov chain Monte Carlo code JAVELIN, for mock data with qualities typical of multiobject spectroscopic reverberation mapping (MOS-RM) surveys that simultaneously monitor hundreds of quasars. We quantify the overall lag-detection efficiency, the rate of false detections, and the quality of lag measurements for each of these methods and under different survey designs (e.g., observing cadence and depth) using mock quasar light curves. Overall JAVELIN and ICCF outperform ZDCF in essentially all tests performed. Compared with ICCF, JAVELIN produces higher quality lag measurements, is capable of measuring more lags with timescales shorter than the observing cadence, is less susceptible to seasonal gaps and signal-to-noise ratio degradation in the light curves, and produces more accurate lag uncertainties. We measure the Hβ broad-line region size–luminosity (R–L) relation with each method using the simulated light curves to assess the impact of selection effects of the design of MOS-RM surveys. The slope of the R–L relation measured by JAVELIN is the least biased among the three methods and is consistent across different survey designs. These results demonstrate a clear preference for JAVELIN over the other two nonparametric methods for MOS-RM programs, particularly in the regime of limited light-curve quality as expected from most MOS-RM programs.
Formation of Power-law Electron Energy Spectra in Three-dimensional Low-β Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Li Hui , Stanier Adam , Kilian Patrick
Published: October 2019

While observations have suggested that power-law electron energy spectra are a common outcome of strong energy release during magnetic reconnection, e.g., in solar flares, kinetic simulations have not been able to provide definite evidence of power-laws in energy spectra of nonrelativistic reconnection. By means of 3D large-scale fully kinetic simulations, we study the formation of power-law electron energy spectra in nonrelativistic low-β reconnection. We find that both the global spectrum integrated over the entire domain and local spectra within individual regions of the reconnection layer have power-law tails with a spectral index p ∼ 4 in the 3D simulation, which persist throughout the nonlinear reconnection phase until saturation. In contrast, the spectrum in the 2D simulation rapidly evolves and quickly becomes soft. We show that 3D effects such as self-generated turbulence and chaotic magnetic field lines enable the transport of high-energy electrons across the reconnection layer and allow them to access several main acceleration regions. This leads to a sustained and nearly constant acceleration rate for electrons at different energies. We construct a model that explains the observed power-law spectral index in terms of the dynamical balance between particle acceleration and escape from main acceleration regions, which are defined based upon a threshold for the curvature drift acceleration term. This result could be important for explaining the formation of power-law energy spectrum in solar flares.
Electron Acceleration in Blazars: Application to the 3C 279 Flare on 2013 December 20
Authors: Lewis Tiffany R. , Finke Justin D. , Becker Peter A.
Published: October 2019

The broadband spectrum from the 2013 December 20

-ray flare from 3C 279 is analyzed with our previously developed one-zone blazar jet model. We are able to reproduce two spectral energy distributions (SEDs), a quiescent and flaring state, the latter of which had an unusual SED, with hard

-ray spectrum, high Compton dominance, and short duration. Our model suggests that there is insufficient energy for a comparable X-ray flare to have occurred simultaneously, which is an important constraint given the lack of X-ray data. We show that first- and second-order Fermi acceleration are sufficient to explain the flare, and that magnetic reconnection is not needed. The model includes particle acceleration, escape, and adiabatic and radiative energy losses, including the full Compton cross section, and emission from the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton processes. We provide a simple analytic approximation to the electron distribution solution to the transport equation that may be useful for simplified modeling in the future.
Investigating Particle Acceleration in the Wolf–Rayet Bubble G2.4+1.4
Authors: Prajapati Prachi , Tej Anandmayee , Palacio Santiago del , Benaglia Paula , CH Ishwara-Chandra , Vig Sarita , Mandal Samir , Ghosh Swarna Kanti
Published: October 2019

The supersonic winds produced by massive stars carry a large amount of kinetic power. In numerous scenarios such winds have been proven to produce shocks in which relativistic particles are accelerated emitting nonthermal (NT) radiation. Here, we report the first detection of NT emission from a single stellar bubble, G2.4+1.4, associated with a WO star. We observed this source with the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope in Band 4 (550–850 MHz) and Band 5 (1050–1450 MHz). We present intensity and spectral index maps for this source that are consistent with synchrotron emission (average spectral index, α = −0.83 ± 0.10). The fraction of the available kinetic wind power that is converted into cosmic-ray acceleration is estimated to be of the order of a few percent. This finding constitutes an observational breakthrough and gives new insight on the NT physical processes taking place in the environments of isolated massive stars. In particular, our results show that non-runaway isolated massive stars are capable of accelerating relativistic particles and are therefore confirmed as sources of Galactic cosmic rays.
Travestimento: literatura, gênero e escritura
Authors: Queiroz Leandro Júnio Santos
Published: October 2019

Este artigo, excerto de minha pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado que investiga a escritura do travestimento homoerótico como representação identitária na literatura brasileira, discorre sobre o conceito de travestimento, utilizado denotativa e metaforicamente na literatura. A roupa e a escrita são tecnologias clássicas, daí nossa abordagem sobre o travestimento físico e literário. Tal conceito é desenvolvido na abordagem das profícuas relações entre literatura, gênero e escritura. Tal como a tecnologia, o gênero é fruto das relações sociais e, portanto, insere-se no contexto da performatividade. Neste sentido, a literatura, tal qual outras artes como o cinema, a teledramaturgia, o teatro e a pintura, podem ser considerados ricos recursos oriundos das mais diversas tecnologias da comunicação, questionando as construções sociais e a normatividade imposta.
La Famiglia Modotti: Transnational Family
Authors: Zampogna-Krug Ashley Marie
Published: October 2019

This article explores how the Modotti family, despite rarely residing together in one country, maintained a common identity based on shared spaces crafted from correspondence and international political involvement. Their everyday stories challenge the traditional assimilation paradigm and reveal how family bonds fostered activism. In the midst of immigrant restriction and heightened surveillance, the Modottis exemplify how la famiglia transcended boundaries.
Des « rabbins en soutanes ». L’influence du modèle majoritaire chrétien sur le judaïsme français au XIXe siècle
Authors: Sebban Joël
Published: October 2019

Cette recherche vise à mettre en lumière les formes de séduction et de rejet qu’exercent les cultes chrétiens, en particulier le catholicisme en tant que culte majoritaire, sur le judaïsme français au XIXe siècle. Cet aspect extrêmement sensible de l’histoire juive contemporaine demeure largement méconnu par les historiens, davantage préoccupés par les dimensions politique, économique et sociale de l’intégration des israélites dans la nation. Il est pourtant inscrit dans les cadres mêmes du « système des cultes reconnus » qui assimile, par la force des choses, le culte juif aux cultes chrétiens.
L’exclusion des journalistes juifs des publications fascistes en Italie
Authors: Levin Gallina Fanny
Published: October 2019

La persécution des Juifs en Italie constitue l’un des aspects les plus tragiques du totalitarisme fasciste. Dans le sillage des études récentes consacrées à l’exclusion des intellectuels, ce travail entend retracer l’histoire, à peine étudiée, des journalistes victimes des lois raciales. En l’espace de quelques semaines, ils furent recensés et rayés du tableau professionnel. Relégués au rang de citoyens de seconde zone, beaucoup furent contraints de prendre le chemin de l’exil.
Nutrition status and quantification of blood minerals by TXRF spectroscopy in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students
Authors: Gonçalves Alexandra Vieira , Pereira Rafaela Corrêa , Bissoli Marcos Coelho , Sanson Ananda Lima , Afonso Robson José de Cássia Franco , Angelis-Pereira Michel Cardoso de
Published: October 2019

This study investigated whether university students following a vegetarian diet differed from non-vegetarian students in nutrient intake, biochemical, hematological and blood mineral profile of nutritionally relevant elements. In total, 107 students from a university, following either a non-vegetarian or a vegetarian diet for at least 1 year prior to the study, were recruited in two stages, setting up two experiments. Nutrient intake (experiment 1, n = 58), and biochemical and hematological parameters (experiment 2, n = 49) were evaluated. TXRF spectroscopy was used for determination of trace elements in whole blood. Vegetarians showed differences in nutrient intake, mainly higher consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and fiber. No significant differences in the biochemical and hematological parameters were found. The prevalence of abnormal parameters in a considerable number of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were found, mainly regarding high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC). TXRF spectroscopy proved to be a simple tool for determining nutrition-relevant elements (K, Fe, Cu and Zn) in blood samples. The high incidence of abnormal parameters, regardless of the dietary pattern, raises concern about the high prevalence of bad eating habits among young university students. Particularly for the vegetarian students, these results may partly counteract the beneficial lifestyle of a vegetarian diet evidenced by previous studies. It is important for students to be aware of its potential nutritional limitations. In this context, food and nutrition education programs in the academic context could contribute to set up autonomous and healthy subjects, regardless of the diet chosen.