bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia Management of Oculocardiac Reflex in Strabismus Surgery: A Case Study
Authors: Ritonga Diva Zuniar , Yadi Dedi Fitri , Adli Muhamad
Published: June 2021

There are various types of eye surgery with each requires special attention in anesthesia management. Strabismus surgery has several risks that need to be considered; one of which is oculocardiac reflex. The oculocardiac reflex is a condition characterized by decreased heart rate caused by the pressure on the globe or by traction on the extraocular muscles and conjunctiva or the orbital structures. This reflex can manifest as an asystole if left untreated. This is a case report of a 19-year-old male with ASA classification 1 presented with esotropia of left and right eyes. General anesthesia was used for anesthesia with 100 mcg fentanyl, 100 mg propofol, and 25 mg atracurium for induction and, for airway management, LMA size 3 was used. Sevoflurane 2–3 vol% with oxygen and nitrous oxide was given as maintenance. During the surgery, the heart rate dropped to 35 beats per minute when the operator pulled the medial rectus muscle in the first eye. The surgery was then paused and the heart rate was incrementally increased to 65 beats per minute without any other intervention. Then, as the operator pulled the medial rectus muscle in the second eye, the heart rate decreased to 55 beats per minute and the surgery continued with the heart rate slowly increased without any intervention. The remaining surgery time was uneventful. Knowledge and early intervention of oculocardiac reflex conditions should be well understood by all anesthesiologist to avoid more catastrophic conditions.
Leitura antes e depois da aposentadoria: representações e práticas de professoras
Authors: Oliveira Neto Antônio Durães de , Veloso Geisa Magela
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a constituição das práticas e representações de leitura de professoras aposentadas, mapeando os processos e as funções do ler antes e depois da aposentadoria. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e aplicou-se um questionário a 55 docentes. Como revisão de literatura, lançou-se mão dos estudos de Batista (1998); Britto (1998); Corsino (2010); Guareschi (1995); Moscovici (1978; 2015); Zilberman (1999). Constatou-se, à luz dos estudos de Serge Moscovici (1978) acerca da Teoria das Representações Sociais, que, no decurso das trajetórias vividas, ocorreram mudanças relacionadas à finalidade das práticas leitoras. Na infância e adolescência, as representações de leitura foram construídas no contexto da ausência de livros e leituras, e nas atitudes vinculadas ao incentivo e à prática, direcionadas à família e à escola. Na fase adulta, antes da aposentadoria, a leitura tinha um caráter obrigatório, vista como fundamental para a atuação docente em sala de aula. Depois de se aposentarem, as práticas de leitura das professoras ganham novos contornos e passam a ser realizadas a partir de seus interesses pessoais, ou seja, leem o que querem e quando querem, sem terem consigo a imposição de realizarem leituras para atender a uma necessidade profissional.
Das cartas jesuíticas aos blogs de ciência: a diversidade de vozes e formas de noticiar o conhecimento científico no Brasil Parte III – desde 1950
Authors: Fioravanti Carlos
Published: June 2021

Fundamentada em acervos on-line de jornais e publicações históricas, esta retrospectiva expõe a diversidade de atores – religiosos, viajantes, advogados, agrônomos, botânicos, zoólogos, físicos, matemáticos, médicos, jornalistas profissionais e blogueiros – e de formas impressas – cartas, livros, jornais, revistas, blogs – envolvidos na disseminação do conhecimento sobre zoologia, botânica, antropologia e agricultura no Brasil desde o século XVI. Esta terceira e última parte apresenta os primeiros repórteres científicos – Julio Abramczyk e José Hamilton Ribeiro –, a cobertura de ciência, tecnologia e ambiente das revistas das editoras Abril e Globo, as revistas e cadernos de informática, as publicações de produção híbrida e os efeitos da internet sobre as formas de divulgar ciência. Em conjunto, nota-se o nascimento, morte, sobreposição e complementação de estilos, formas, veículos de comunicação impressa e das pessoas que os fizeram.
Weltliteraturand Its Others: The Serbian Poem in Eckermann'sConversations with Goethe
Authors: Selimović Ena
Published: June 2021

A critical account of the Serbian poem in Goethe's conversations with Eckermann reveals the place of Balkan folk poetry in the discourse on world literature and adds a neglected narrative to the myriad genealogies of comparative literature. Building on Laura Doyle's concept of inter-imperiality, the essay foregrounds how language politics manifest the variegated contours Europe takes in Goethe's formulation of world literature. While recent scholarship in comparative literature largely examines Goethe's Eurocentrism through his invocation of an unnamed Chinese novel, an analysis of the inter-imperial and translational project of world literature gives form to multiple spheres of Orientalism.
Cu–Fe nanoparticles containing nanocomposites:
synthesis, stabilization and antibacterial activity
Authors: Bakina Olga V. , Lozhkomoev Aleksandr S. , Glazkova Elena A. , Vornakova Ekaterina A. , Chzhou Valeriya R. , Lerner Marat I.
Published: June 2021

Currently, soft hydrogels with antimicrobial properties are widely used in biomedical applications as dressings and wound healing agents. In the present work, Cu–Fe nanoparticles with different component ratios were obtained by the joint electric explosion of iron and copper wires in an argon atmosphere. Bimetallic nanoparticles had a clear interface between the iron and copper phases at the particle level. Cu–Fe nanoparticles had high antibacterial activity against a wide bacterial spectrum. In connection with dusting and entrainment of nanoparticles, for the convenience of biomedical application, compositions were created based on non-toxic biocompatible polymers – polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide. The suspension of nanoparticles was pretreated with ultrasound for 5 min at a frequency of 22.4 kHz. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as a nanoparticle stabilizer. The stability of the suspension was investigated by the sedimentation method. The resulting compositions effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginisa ATCC 9027.
Methodological and Methodical Support for the Organization of an Inclusive Educational and Training Process for Athletes with Disabilities in Karate
Authors: Kohut Iryna , Marynych Viktoriia , Chebanova Kateryna
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study: to determine the key principles of methodological and systematic support for the organization of an inclusive educational and training process for athletes with disabilities in karate.

Materials and methods. The experts in the field of physical culture and sports participated in the study, namely: honored coach of Ukraine, honored worker of physical culture and sports of Ukraine, chairman of the Sports Committee for People with Disabilities of the Ukrainian Karate Federation, athletes with disabilities who have the status of world champions and Deaflympics champions, etc. All experts had sports (professional) experience from 5 to 20 years. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, the method of expert evaluation, questionnaire surveys. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of mathematical statistics. Expert evaluation was performed by the ranking method. The degree of agreement of the experts was determined using the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance.

Results. In the course of the study, the methodological and systematic aspects of the organization of the inclusive educational and training process for athletes with disabilities in karate were determined. One of the main features in the organization of karate training sessions among people with disabilities is their nosological group. The further selection of means and methods of educational and training work depends on the nosological group. During inclusive training sessions, the greatest attention is paid to correctional and compensatory (14.6%), recreational and health (13.6%), and preventive (13.4%) work. At the same time, no less important is the solution of such a problem as the socialization of people with disabilities through sports, as a system of relationships in society.

Conclusions. Properly selected methodological and systematic support affects the effectiveness of the organization of the inclusive educational and training process. This support has its own characteristics, which, firstly, depend on the nosological group, secondly, are characterized by the correct choice of means, methods, principles and functions implemented during classes, and thirdly, are aimed at the socialization of people with disabilities.
Impact of Aquafitness Training on Physical Condition of Early Adulthood Women
Authors: Kashuba Vitalii , Andrieieva Olena , Hakman Anna , Grygus Igor , Smoleńska Olga , Ostrowska Małgorzata , Napierała Marek , Hagner-Derengowska Magdalena , Muszkieta Radosław , Zukow Walery
Published: June 2021

Background. The physical benefits of fitness for middle-aged women are well-known. Unlike the usual training sessions, aquafitness occupies a special place among the types of health-related exercise training. Its health-enhancing effect results from the activation of the body's functional systems, the gravitational unloading of the musculoskeletal system, high energy expenditures, and overall body hardening effect. 

The objective of this study was to evaluate the health-enhancing effects of an aquafitness program on the functional indicators and physical fitness of early adulthood women. 

Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, anthropometric techniques, pedagogical methods, and methods of mathematical statistics were used. The functional status of the body was assessed with the indices characterizing the function of the cardiorespiratory system, which are commonly used. The study was conducted at the Sport Life fitness club, Chernivtsi. The study involved 48 women aged 21-31 with an average age of 26.3 years. The subjects took part in a six-month aquafitness program consisting of 60-min sessions, three times a week. The program was developed by the authors and included aquatic stretching, body shaping and bodybuilding exercise, aquadance, aquatic gymnastics, and aqua tae-bo. 

Results. After participation in the exercise program: vital capacity increased from 45.96±4.69 to 48.88±0.68; strength index increased from 35.80±1.07 to 43.26±0.71; Robinson's index increased from 85.72±12.34 to 89.63±10.11; Shtange test increased from 30.28±10.32 to 37.78±12.34; Hench test changed from 16.48±4.24 to 25.19±4.58; Kerdo index decreased from 5.23±0.74 to 0.88±0.38; and Rufier's test decreased from 12.21±4.26 to 8.03±2.14. The assessment of somatic health of the women showed a significant improvement (p<0.05). Positive changes in the autonomic system were detected.

Conclusion. The developed aquafitness program can be an effective tool for health improvement and body weight management in early adulthood women.
The Effect of Metacognitive Supported Argument-Based Learning Approach on Conceptual Change and Metacognition in Physics Education
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Erdoğan , KOCAKÜLAH Sabri
Published: June 2021

The process of conceptual change begins when a preconception of a student fails to solve a problem. It ends when the student abandons his preconception and accepts a scientific concept. Although the theory and variables of conceptual change have been defined, how the theory would be implemented in a class environment has not been defined. For this reason, a course incorporating an argumentation approach supported with metacognitive strategies in accordance with the theory of conceptual change was designed and implemented for the subject of special relativity theory. A qualitatively dominant status mixed-method approach was used as the research design. The participants of the study were 51, 10th-grade students studying at a secondary school. Data were collected with qualitative and quantitative measurement tools. It was concluded that the applied course contributed positively to the students' conceptual changes and regulation of cognition (planning, monitoring, evaluating).
Analysis of the collection of the genus Iris (Iridaceae) in the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS (Vladivostok, Russia)
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Stoletova N.V. , Mironova L.N. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS
Published: June 2021

The article provides brief information about the history of the introduction of representatives of the genus Iris, analyzes the composition of the introduced varieties included in the modern collection in the BGI FEB RAS, and which are at various stages of the introduction study. The current volume of the collection is 188 species andvarieties, of which 88 varieties are included in the I. hybrida hort. group, 30 varieties in Siberia, 33 varieties in the Japanese group, 15 varieties in the Species Hybrid group and 22 species and forms of local and foreign flora.
Genus Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) in the south of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Barkalov V.Yu. , Korznikov K.A. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Sundukov Yu.N. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS
Published: June 2021

The spread of two species of oleaster – Elaeagnus angustifolia and E. multiflora, cultivated and wild in the south of the Far East of Russia, has been clarified. Their invasive potential is assessed. Only a single case of invasion of E. multiflora into natural plant communities in vicinity of the Nevelsk in southern Sakhalin has been identified. Previously, this species was known only in culture or as wild in places of former culture in the southwest of Sakhalin and Kunashir Island (southern Kuril Islands).
Calculated dependence of determination of actual dose of microsand and influence of its value on efficiency of coagulation process in Actiflo clarifier
Authors: Karpychev E.A.
Published: June 2021

Operational test of the preliminary water cleaning systems is the first and most critical stage when putting into pilot operation a water treatment plant at a thermal power plant (TPP). We have sufficient experience of equipment setting up and operating when most traditional devices of preliminary water purification are used. Also, the main stages and features of the work carried out are known, and a sufficient amount of methodological literature has been published, compared to employment of modern and promising devices. These devices include Actiflo clarifiers. The main feature of the Actiflo technology is introduction of microsand into the stream of treated water. It forms the so-called “centers” of coagulation and is used to make wastewater sludge heavier. The development of a methodology to assess the impact of the actual dose of microsand on the water clarification process will contribute to the solution of the priority task of adapting the promising Actiflo technology for water treatment systems of TPPs. In laboratory studies, the method of pilot coagulation has been used. It allows us to assess the efficiency of coagulation process using generally accepted methods of quantitative analysis of indicators of natural water quality. In subsequent industrial tests, along with the quantitative analysis of water, the actual value of the microsand dose has been assessed using measurements of the proportions of separate fractions in the formed sand-sludge pulp. The results of laboratory and industrial studies of “cold” coagulation process of the Kama River water using Actiflo clarifiers have been obtained. The dependence of efficiency effect of water clarification on the dose of coagulant and the dose of microsand has been determined. To check and maintain the operating mode of the clarifier, a method to assess the actual values of the microsand dose has been developed and proposed. The research results are applicable for low-turbidity colored surface water sources. The results of operating tests of Actiflo clarifiers can be used as practical examples for coagulating water in devices similar in design, for example, VTI-M clarifiers. The proposed method to assess the actual dose of microsand can be used as a technological parameter during the development of the parameter tables when Actiflo clarifiers are used.
Women’s Potential and Challenges in the Local Algerian Radio: The Case of «Al-Hudhna» Radio (Content Analysis)
Authors: Badji Yakoub , Selami Saidani
Published: June 2021

According to the importance and their multiple contributions to development in society, there are communities where women are still disproportionately affected by media inequality. Especially through the kind of programs that have been ignored by the mass media, despite a smaller amount of content featuring their lack of expertise and views or even their attitudes, and due to the lack of academic research in this field in Algeria. In addition to the Algerian women’s needs in media contents, this inquiry aims to discuss the contents of Algerian local radio «Al-Hudhna» for women. This study aims to identify their various media issues and essential needs, including economic, cultural, health, entertainment needs, to constitute a platform for media strategic planning and to employ the media message to meet those needs for Algerian women.
Voltammetric bienzymatic sensor for sucrose determination in honey
Authors: Kornii A. , Borets A. , Tananaiko O.
Published: June 2021

An electrochemical sensor based on nanostructured planar carbon electrodes (nanoSPCE) modified with a SiO2 biocomposite film containing MnO2 particles and enzymes glucose oxidase and invertase was developed. MnO2 particles obtained by electrochemical deposition possessed electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and invertase (Inv) were encapsulated into SiO2 film by method of electroassisted deposition. The electrode modified with biocomposite film nanoSPCE/MnO2/GoX/Inv/SiO2 was electroactive toward sucrose. The indicator reaction was oxidation of H2O2 – the product of bienzymatic reaction which was catalyzed by MnO2 on the electrode surface. The linearity range of the calibration graph for the voltametric determination of sucrose using developed modified electrode is 0.017-0.342 mg/ml, the detection limit is 0.006 mg/ml. The obtained nanoSPCE/MnO2/GoX/Inv/SiO2 electrode demonstrated satisfactory stability of the analytical signal during one month of operation. The developed method was used for sucrose determination in the honey samples. The 50-fold molar excess of glucose and fructose does not interfere the determination of sucrose.
Development and Validation of HPLC-MS Method of Determination of Memantine Hydrochloride for Study of Dissolution Profiles
Authors: Yegorova A. , Skrypynets Yu. , Leonenko I. , Maltsev G. , Kashutskуy S. , Voitiuk O.
Published: June 2021

A method for quantitative determination of memantine hydrochloride by HPLC with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS), suitable for the study of dissolution profiles of tablets "Mematon IС" was developed. Chromatographic determination was performed using a mobile phase of methanol - 0.1% (v/v) aqueous solution of formic acid (55:45) on a column of Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 size 10 cm Ч 4.6 mm (3.5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The linearity interval in the appropriate dissolution media is 35 - 150 % of the normalized content of memantine hydrochloride in the tablet. The method is validated on the parameters of specificity, accuracy, correctness, linearity in the studied range of concentrations, robustness. The stability of the tested solutions and reference solutions in the case of their storage at room temperature for 24 hours was confirmed. It is established that in the case of the study of solutions prepared in a dissolution medium of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution pH 1.2, there is a need to preneutralize hydrochloric acid before analysis, because it, as stronger than formic acid, almost completely ionizes all dissolved molecules, which leads to a significant deviation of the linear dependence of the analytical signal on the concentration of the analyte. Neutralization is performed with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution, which is added to the sample of the test solution. The release of more than 85 % of memantine hydrochloride in 15 min in all dissolution media indicates the similarity of the dissolution profiles and does not require the calculation of the similarity factor f2.
An Identification and Study of Amino Acids of Erigeron annuus Herb
Authors: Kovalev S. , Golovach A. , Kovalev V.
Published: June 2021

Amino acids in the extract of Erigeron annuus herb were determined using an automatic precolumn derivatization with fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV Vis detection. This objective is reached with automatic derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) for primary amino acids and 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) for secondary amino acids. Then derivatization integrates into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The applied procedure is fast with easily reproduced results. The insufficient knowledge about amino acids composition of herb of Erigeron annuus is the basis for study. This work reports on content of 16 free and bound amino acids (391.41 μg/mg) in the plant raw material and influence’s evaluation of different extraction types on the amino acid profile. The total content of free amino acids was 4.66 μg/mg; proline prevailed (2.498 μg/mg). The total content of bound amino acids was 386.7 μg/mg; proline (146.8 μg/mg), arginine (67.8 μg/mg), phenylalanine (25.8 μg/mg), asparagine (24.3 μg/mg), histidine (20.4 μg/mg), alanine (18.2 μg/mg), serine (16.6 μg/mg), valine (16.0 μg/mg) were the dominant amino acids. Nine amino acids were classified as essential.
Psychological Features in Breast Cancer Patients, Depending on the Presence of Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Vasileva A.V. , Karavaeva T.A. , Mizinova E.B. , Lukoshkina E.P.
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of a clinical-psychopathological and experimental psychological study carried out on 91 women with breast cancer (aged 35—65, mean age 55.8±11.08 years). The sample was divided into two groups, 51 women with a diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) developed as a result of their illness and 40 stress-resistant women. The author’s semi-structured anamnestic interview was used to study the clinical and socio-psychological characteristics of patients. Methods: Trauma Screening Questionnaire (Brewin et al., 2002), Impact of Event Scale (Tarabrina, 2001), Type of Attitude to the Disease measure (Vasserman et al., 2014), G. Ammon’s Ego Structure Test (Tupitsyn et al., 1998), Mental Health Assessment measure (Bocharov, Tupitsyn, 1999), The Personal Views Survey III- R (Leontiev, Rasskazova, 2006), Experiences in Close Relationships (Kazantseva, 2008). Results: In patients with PTSD, low parameters of resilience, the dominance of maladaptive types of attitude to the disease, and deficient and destructive personality structures (aggression, anxiety, deficient external and internal boundaries of the self, and destructive narcissism and sexuality) were revealed.
The Psychoemotional Condition of Nurses of The Psychiatric Profile in the Arctic
Authors: Solovevskaia N.L. , Tereshchenko P.S.
Published: June 2021

Professional activity in the conditions of the Arctic has certain features affecting the psycho-emotional condition of a person that can lead to the development of psychosomatic disorders and physical diseases. We evaluated the level of anxiety of psychiatric nurses (N=55) in the conditions of the Arctic for the purpose of early identification of premorbid states, prevention of emergence of psycho-emotional disturbances, and psychosomatic diseases in nurses. We determined that work experience, age, and shift work influenced the level of situational and personal anxiety. It was revealed that an increase in anxiety which is a symptom of psycho-emotional tension, depended on social factors (income and marital status), shift work, and managerial responsibilities and can be aggravated both with features of professional activity, and accommodation to the conditions of the Far North.
Earthquake migration in the Fairbanks, Alaska seismic zone
Authors: Gedney Larry , Estes Steve , Biswas Nirendra
Published: June 2021

abstract

Since a series of moderate earthquakes near Fairbanks, Alaska in 1967, the “Fairbanks seismic zone” has maintained a consistently high level of seismicity interspersed with sporadic earthquake swarms. Five swarms occurring since 1970 demonstrate that tightly compacted centers of activity have tended to migrate away from the epicentral area of the 1967 earthquakes. Comparative b-coefficients of the first four swarms indicate that they occurred under different relative stress conditions than the last episode, which exhibited a higher b-value and was, in fact, a main shock of magnitude 4.6 with a rapidly decaying aftershock sequence. This last recorded sequence in February 1979 was an extension to greater depths along a lineal seismic zone whose first recorded activation occurred during a swarm two years earlier. Focal mechanism solutions indicate a north-south orientation of the greatest principal stress axis, σ1, in the area. A dislocation process related to crustal spreading between strands of a right-lateral fault, similar to that which has been inferred for southern California, is suggested.
The observation of a universal shape regularity in earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions
Authors: Bloom E. D. , Erdmann R. C.
Published: June 2021

abstract

On performing a statistical analysis of the data available from both the National Geophysical and Solar Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC) and other, smaller data bases, a convincing shape regularity was observed in the derived earthquake frequency-magnitude (f-M) distributions. The f-M distributions were obtained from sets of events originating within widely separated regions on the Earth. The regions have geological diversity and areas greater than 6 × 105 km2. To within estimated error, the shape of total world data agrees with similar plots of data subsets taken from these eight separate regions of the Earth.
Spphases from the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle
Authors: Faber Sonja , MÜller Gerhard
Published: June 2021

abstract

Precursors to S and SKS were observed in long-period SRO and WWSSN seismograms of the Romanian earthquake of March 4, 1977, recorded in the United States at distances from 68° to 93°. According to the fault-plane solution, the stations were close to a nodal plane and SV radiation was optimum in their direction. Particle-motion diagrams, constructed from the digital data of the SRO station ANMO (distance 89.1°), show the P-wave character of the precursors. Several interpretations are discussed; the most plausible is that the precursors are Sp phases generated by conversion from S to P below the station. The travel-time differences between S or SKS and Sp are about 60 sec and indicate conversion in the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle. Sp conversions were also observed at long-period WWSSN stations in the western United States for 2 Tonga-Fiji deep-focus earthquakes (distances from 82° to 96°).

Special emphasis is given in this paper to the calculation of theoretical seismograms, both for Sp precursors and the P-wave coda, including high-order multiples such as sP4 which may arrive simultaneously with Sp. The Sp calculations show: (1) the conversions produced by S, ScS, and SKS at interfaces or transition zones between the upper and lower mantle form a complicated interference pattern, and (2) conversion at transition zones is less effective than at first-order discontinuities only if their thickness is greater than about half a wavelength of S waves. As a consequence, details of the velocity structure between the upper and lower mantle can only be determined within these limits from long-period Sp observations. Our observations are compatible with velocity models having pronounced transition zones at depths of 400 and 670 km as have been proposed for the western United States, and they exclude much smoother structures. Our study suggests that long-period Sp precursors from pure thrust or normal-fault earthquakes, observed at distances from 70° to 95° close to a nodal plane and at azimuths roughly perpendicular to its strike, offer a simple means for qualitative mapping of the sharpness of the transition zones between the upper and lower mantle.
Reexamination of some larger La Malbaie, Québec, earthquakes (1924-1978)
Authors: Stevens Anne E.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The locations of all instrumentally recorded earthquakes of magnitude greater than 412, which occurred in the St. Lawrence Valley near La Malbaie, Québec, in the period 1927 to 1978, have been reexamined, along with some smaller associated events. Although the cataloged epicenters scattered on both shores of the St. Lawrence River, the relocated epicenters fall into two distinct epicentral areas, which coincide with the ends of the 70-km-long northeast trending zone of recent microearthquake activity. This zone lies mainly beneath the St. Lawrence River between Ile aux Lièvres to the northeast and Ile aux Coudres to the southwest.

The major St. Lawrence earthquake of 1925 originally located (±40 km) close to the town of La Malbaie, near the middle of the current microearthquake zone, is relocated 30 ± 15 km northeast near Ile aux Lièvres. If the pattern of the past half-century continues, significant earthquakes may be expected only near the two ends of the zone.

Structures known at present from geological or geophysical data do not explain completely the preferential stress concentrations near Ile aux Lièvres and Ile aux Coudres. However, the Charlevoix impact crater and Logan's contact together may influence the concentration of regional stress producing the larger earthquakes just beyond the crater rim near Ile aux Lièvres.
Geodetically derived strain at Shelter Cove, California
Authors: Snay Richard A. , Cline Michael W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

To monitor crustal motion, the National Geodetic Survey observed, during 1976, a small geodetic network in the Shelter Cove area of northern California. This network straddles part of the fault which ruptured during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Analysis of the new survey data, combined with observations of a larger 1930 network, yields an estimate of N13.2°W ± 4.5° for the direction of maximum right-lateral shear strain through the area. This value agrees well with the average strike of the straddled fault and with the average strike of the San Andreas Fault's underwater path between Point Arena and Shelter Cove. The mean shear strain rate in this direction is 1.01 ± 0.18 (10−6) rad/yr for the 1930 to 1976 time interval where a region undergoing homogeneous strain more accurately describes the data than models allowing for the existence of surface slippage.
A procedure to resolve areas of different source mechanism when using the method of composite nodal plane solution
Authors: Mendiguren Jorge A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The composite nodal plane solution method fails when it is applied to a region where the events have different source mechanism in different areas. Presented here is a systematic procedure to delimit those areas and find their particular source mechanism. In its first step, the method consists of a graphical analysis of the regional distribution of P first motion data of all events as recorded at each station. From that analysis, it is possible to identify small areas where the events have the same source mechanism. In a second step, those elemental areas are expanded into adjacent areas with compatible P data until they cover the whole seismic region under study. The method resolves the source mechanism in each area and allows the identification of anomalous ones.
Microearthquake spectra in the southeastern United States
Authors: Marion George E. , Long Leland Timothy
Published: June 2021

abstract

Displacement spectra from microearthquakes in the Clark Hill Reservoir Area and the Jocassee Reservoir Area, both in the Piedmont Crystalline Province, showed similar spectral properties typified by a sharp spectral corner, ω-cubic, high-frequency decay and ratios of P- and S-wave corner frequencies predominantly greater than unity. Displacement spectra from microearthquakes in the Maryville Tennessee Area in the Folded Appalachian Province showed transitional spectral corners, ω-square or less high-frequency decay and a ratio of P- to S-wave corner frequencies less than or equal to unity. These spectral characteristics are interpreted as evidence for a possible regional variation in the earthquake mechanism. The Clark Hill and Jocassee spectral characteristics are best explained by an earthquake mechanism typical of an equidimensional fault which nucleates rupture at a point of high resistance to slip and ruptures at a velocity greater than the S-wave velocity along an existing fracture. The Maryville spectral characteristics are best explained by rupture at velocities less than the S-wave velocity along faults which may show premature arrest of movement.
Microseisms: A twenty-six-second spectral line in long-period earth motion
Authors: Holcomb L. Gary
Published: June 2021

abstract

A narrow-band microseismic peak exists in worldwide earth background near a period of 26 sec. During storms, the amplitude of this ground motion increases to high levels which allows detailed studies of its characteristics. Analysis indicates that the energy arrives as Rayleigh waves from a source in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The most significant property of this microseismic peak is that it is nondispersive, thereby eliminating deep-water ocean-wave dispersion as the mechanism for isolating the narrow-band energy.
The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys. Part 1. The case of incidentSHwaves
Authors: Bard Pierre-Yves , Bouchon Michel
Published: June 2021

abstract

In this study is presented the extension to time domain calculations of the Aki-Larner method (Aki and Larner, 1970), developed to investigate the scattering of plane waves at irregular interface. Seismograms computed at the surface of a soft basin for SH waves vertically incident are compared with results obtained by finite difference, finite element, and asymptotic ray theory methods. The method is then applied to a study of the seismic response of sediment-filled valleys to incident SH waves. Various geometries and rheological parameters are considered. The study shows the important role played by the nonplanar interface, which, when the incident wavelengths are comparable to the depth of the valley, results in the generation of Love waves which may have much larger amplitude than the disturbance associated with the direct incident signal. In the presence of a high-velocity contrast between the sediments and the underlying bedrock, these local surface waves can be reflected several times at the edges of the valley, resulting in a long duration of the ground shaking in the basin. In the case of a lower impedance contrast, these waves may produce disturbances on the outer sides of the valley.
Slip vectors on faults near Salt Lake City, Utah, from quaternary displacements and seismicity
Authors: Pavlis Terry L. , Smith R. B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Slip vectors, derived from striations on variably oriented faults along the west and south sides of a bedrock spur north of Salt Lake City, Utah, indicate a consistent relative motion between the spur and the Salt Lake Valley during Quaternary time. The possibility of motion of coherent crustal blocks during basin and range type faulting suggests: (1) segmentation of major fault zones, such as the Wasatch fault zone, into independent crustal blocks, complicates the evaluation of earthquake hazards because of the unknown relationships between individual faults; and (2) if this pattern of crustal deformation is characteristic of the Basin and Range Province, then fault-plane solutions for this area should be carefully evaluated because they may reflect local displacements rather than the effects of the regional stress field.
Estimation of maximum magnitude and recommended seismic zone changes in the western Great Basin
Authors: Ryall Alan S. , VanWormer J. D.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Recent seismic zone maps show large values of maximum expected ground motion for the zone of large historic earthquakes in central Nevada, but low values along a zone of major faults in the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone (SNGBZ). Estimates of maximum magnitude for this zone, based on a comparison of mapped faults with seismicity, range from 8.0 or greater in the area south of Bishop to 7.5 to 7.8 in the area between Bishop and Susanville. With population concentrations in the Reno-Carson City-Tahoe area, the northern SNGBZ represents the most serious seismic risk for the Nevada-eastern California region, and seismic zone maps should be changed to reflect this risk. In compiling these maps, magnitude-acceleration relationships should be used that are appropriate to source types and propagation paths in the Great Basin. Relationships between maximum acceleration and magnitude based on source-receiver paths along the California coast (i.e., Schnabel and Seed, 1973) may overestimate near-source acceleration in the Great Basin by a factor of 2 or more.
Fault parameters of the St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of February 28, 1979
Authors: Hasegawa H. S. , Lahr J. C. , Stephens C. D.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Fault parameters of the Ms 7.1 St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of February 28, 1979, are determined from an analysis of P-wave first motions, fundamental-mode surface waves, and aftershock data. The preferred P-wave nodal plane has a shallow (12°) angle of dip and indicates underthrusting in a northerly (N13°W) direction, which is also close to the azimuth (N8°W) of the deviatoric compression (P) vector. Aftershock activity during the 24-hr interval immediately following the main shock extends over an area of 3200 km2, which is taken to represent the fault area of the main shock. Because aftershock activity outlines a fault area with nonrectangular geometry, fault length (50 to 80 km) and width (50 to 65 km) are not well defined. Estimates of focal depth from aftershock activity fall in the range 10 to 20 km, which surface-wave analysis is unable to restrict further. For the main shock, seismic moment, Mo, is 2.5 × 1027 dyne-cm (0.25 × 1021 N.m) and average dislocation, 2 meters. Average rupture velocity falls in the range 2.5 to 3 km/sec. Apparent stress, ησ, is 5 bars (0.5 MPa) and stress drop, Δσ, 35 bars (3.5 MPa). These values are considered typical of large-magnitude interplate earthquakes.
RMS accelerations and spectral amplitudes of strong ground motion during the San Fernando, California earthquake
Authors: McGuire Robin K. , Hanks Thomas C.
Published: June 2021

abstract

An estimate of the Fourier amplitude spectrum of horizontal shear-wave motion is obtained using the Brune seismic source model in the presence of anelastic attenuation, from which the root-mean-square acceleration (arms) can be calculated. Predicted spectral amplitudes and values of arms are compared to observations for 160 free-field or basement-level components of horizontal acceleration of the San Fernando earthquake. For a stress drop of 50 bars and a faulting duration of 10 sec, observed and predicted spectral amplitudes and values of arms are in reasonable agreement: the observations conform to the predicted attenuation with distance (which is frequency-dependent for spectral amplitudes and proportional to R−3/2 for arms), but exceed predicted values by an average factor of about 3. Some of this difference is attributable to azimuthal variation in source excitation and the highly nonuniform distribution of stations with azimuth; the remainder results from the high-stress drop associated with the initial rupture for this earthquake. Predictions made by the model are nonetheless in agreement, both in terms of attenuation and amplitude, with spectral amplitudes estimated by empirical models calibrated with records from a wide variety of earthquakes.
Internet of Things in Agriculture for Smart Farming
Authors: Fadziso Takudzwa
Published: June 2021

Internet of Things in Agricultural Farming’ deals with the use IoTs in providing farmers the means to do multiple parallel things with wifi connected and increase their productivity in turn increasing their yearly revenue and profits. This will not only help the farmer but the raw materials which come out will be more than what would have yielded if the farmer had done all by themselves. The IoT network comprises systems and a network of web-connected intelligent devices that employ encoded networks like sensors, processors, and interactive hardware to receive, send and store data. The use of IoT in Agricultural Farming is no doubt going to greatly enhance farming and improve yields.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: A Review for CMS Optimization
Authors: Fadziso Takudzwa
Published: June 2021

Agriculture has a critical role to play in the financial domain. Likewise, automation of multiple processes in agriculture has been a great concern as well as an alarming subject across the world. The population all over the world is growing at a high rate and with this increment, demand for agriculture and its jobs is also growing exponentially. The usual techniques that were used by the farmers are not efficient enough to meet these requirements. Along these lines, new digital techniques are presented. These new strategies satisfy the proper management of agricultural products as well as services so that farmers can make the most of technology to increase their profit rates. AI in the agricultural landscape has initiated a revolutionary change. It has guarded the harvest yield from different declining factors such as environmental changes, over population, dynamic business demands, and food safety issues. By using artificial intelligence we can foster smart farming practices to limit the loss of farmers and give them high returns. Using artificial intelligence platforms, one can collect an enormous amount of information from government and public sites or real-time monitoring and collection of different information is likewise possible by utilizing IoT (Internet of Things) and afterward can be explored with precision to empower the farmers for resolving every one of the issues faced by farmers in the agriculture area. This research is conducted in order to help local farmers everywhere in the world to manage their agriculture practices all the more effectively. The strategy discussed in this paper is leveraging the model of waterfall methodology for planning and creating a system smart enough by performing a sequential cycle that starts with data collection, requirement analysis, plan, coding, and testing and finally implements that system as a whole. This system can also be used to foster ideas to manage normal issues in agriculture information systems, to improve the policy programs, the augmentation, and analysis practices, and to manage data on agriculture. Finally, conclusion about agricultural information systems are discussed and suggestions for additional development of agriculture data systems is presented.
GDR Cinema on Swedish Television
Authors: Stjernholm Emil
Published: June 2021

This article studies the import of East German films by Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Radio, and their reception in the Swedish public sphere. While few GDR films reached theatrical distribution, Swedish television imported and broadcasted over 30 productions by the state-owned film studio DEFA during the 1970s and 1980s, making this the primary distribution window for East German film in Sweden. Relying on sources such as Sveriges Radio’s in-house correspondence and screening reports, the weekly Sveriges Radio magazine Voices in Radio/Television (Röster i Radio/TV) and the public service corporation’s annual reports, this study sheds light on the political, economic and ideological considerations involved in the cultural exchange between Sweden and the GDR.
The Process of Establishing the Hungarian Television
Authors: Rajcsányi Péter
Published: June 2021

The study discloses the secretly held facts of the establishment of Hungarian Television. It analyses the four-year-long process, including fiascos of political decisions, infighting in governmental economic and political organizations, financial aspects, as well as personal conflicts and battles. It discusses the factors leading to the original resolution of establishing Hungarian Television and also the factors contributing to the failure of the resolution. Beyond showing the role and activities of the Television Department itself, the article presents the peculiarities of Hungarian Television stemming from the changes sweeping the Hungarian political, economic and social life between 1952 and 1957.
Transformation of commensal to a pathogen: Blood stream infection due to coagulase negative staphylococci among patients attending tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Das Anupam , Singh Vikramjeet , Pandey Pranshu , Sen Manodeep , Agarwal Jyotsna
Published: June 2021

Aim of this study was to know the prevalence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Blood Stream Infection (BSI) among patients attending a Superspeciality hospital in North India. Objective of this study was to compare incidence of CoNS in ICU and ward patients suffering from BSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

This retrospective hospital based study was conducted in the Microbiology Department, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow for a period of two years (January, 2017 -December, 2018). Blood samples from a total of 6498 patients from Out-Patient, In-Patient and Intensive care unit departments were subjected to aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture. Culture positive broth was subcultured on Blood Agar and MacConkey Agar to isolate pathogens in pure culture. Pure cultured isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method as per CLSI 2018.

During the study period, out of total 3284 samples in 2017 and 3214 in 2018, 663 and 595 were found to be culture positive respectively.Staphylococci were isolated from 636 (9.78%) patients (10.2% in 2017 and 9.2% in 2018). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 18.8% and CoNS from 81.2% of total Staphylococcal isolates. Among CoNS isolates 70.7% were found to be Methicillin Resistant CoNS (MRCoNS).

This study observed CoNS as a major cause of BSI as compared to Staphylococcus aureusThe significance of CONS bacteremia should be evaluated better in light of clinical profile of the patient. Better screening and infection control practices in the future can decrease the rate of methicillin resistant CoNS in our centre.