bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation data for the horizontal jump of children and adolescents
Authors: Gomez-Campos Rossana , Vidal-Espinoza Ruben , Castelli Correia de Campos Luis Felipe , Andruske Cynthia Lee , Sulla-Torres Jose , Urra-Albornoz Camilo , Cossio-Bolaños Wilbert , Alvear-Vasquez Fernando , Mendez-Cornejo Jorge , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: April 2021

The Horizontal Jump (HJ) is a daily tool that could be used to categorize the level of muscle fitness performance of the lower limbs. The goal was to compare the muscle fitness with those of international studies and to propose percentiles to assess the HJ performance of children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total number of 3023 children and adolescents between the ages of 6.0 to 17.9 were studied. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and lower limb muscle fitness were evaluated. The student HJ performance values in Chile were inferior when compared to HJ performance in Brazil, Poland and Europe. For the Greek study, differences occurred only from age 6 to 15 years old. In comparison to Colombia, students showed better muscle fitness performance. These differences appeared in childhood and lasted until the beginning of adolescence. Percentiles were created to assess the lower limb fitness being an easy tool to be used and applied to classify lower limb strength.
Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes and Antenatal Depression Based on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
Authors: Chen Xin-Ning , Hu Yao , Hu Wei-Hong , Xia Xian , Li Xiao-Tian
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between antenatal depression and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study enrolled pregnant women between gestational ages of 12-20 weeks to complete the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and followed them for delivery from September 2015 to September 2016. Participants were classified into mild, moderate, and severe depression groups according to the SDS scores. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between antenatal depression and perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), cesarean section use, hypertension disorders, gestational diabetes, and thyroid diseases during pregnancy. An age-stratified analysis was performed.

Results:

A total of 4,663 pregnant women were analyzed. As a result, 13.8%, 1.7%, and 0.2% of women were classified as mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Severely depressed mothers were at higher risk for PTB (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =11.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13-60.03), especially spontaneous PTB. Moderate-depressed women were at higher risk for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.10-12.27), while women with mild depression tended to choose cesarean sections (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.49). Age-stratified analysis indicated an elevated risk of adverse outcomes associated with depression in women aged <25 years, but the association was not significant.

Conclusions:

Antenatal depression was associated with PTB, hyperthyroidism, and cesarean use. Studies with large sample sizes should verify the relationship between PTB and antenatal depression to avoid casual events.
Granulosa Cell Biomarkers to Predict Oocyte and Embryo Quality in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Huang Ruo-Han , Zhou Wen-Hui
Published: April 2021

Abstract

With the development of human assisted reproductive technology (ART), an objective, accurate, and non-invasive method to assess the quality and viability of oocytes and embryos remains one of the most significant goals. Granulosa cells (GCs) play an essential role in oocyte development. GCs can differentiate into mural GCs (MGCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) under the influence of oocytes. MGCs promote the growth and development of follicles by secreting cytokines and steroid hormones. Simultaneously, CCs can form cumulus-oocyte complexes to communicate with oocytes through gap junctions and promote oocyte growth and maturation. Seeking suitable biomarkers in GCs provides a direction for the non-invasive assessment of oocyte and embryo abilities during ART procedures. To date, only a few studies have investigated potentially effective GC biomarkers during ART processes, such as the apoptosis of GCs, transcriptomic characteristics of GCs, quality and quantity of mitochondria in GCs, and telomere length of such cells. These are potential reference indices for screening high-quality oocytes and embryos. Independent studies on MGCs and CCs can provide more effective results. Although there is scope for optimization and improvement, the results have become increasingly accurate with the constant advances in technology. Due to the heterogeneity of the study population and technical limitations, clinical tests for GCs cannot be performed as part of routine tests, but their prospects are promising. This article reviews the biomarkers that have been studied in MGCs and CCs.
Clinical Application Potential of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chemotherapeutic Ovarian Failure
Authors: Fu Zi-Jie , Li Xiao-Dong , Wei Da-Wei , Ding Xue-Lei
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Chemotherapy is often used for female malignancies, but it can increase the risk of premature ovarian failure in women of reproductive age through different mechanisms. Therefore, how to protect ovarian function and preserve fertility has attracted great attention of oncologists and gynecologists. Recently, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine. Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other sources, UCMSCs have a broader application potential due to their properties of lower immunogenicity, fewer ethical issues, and non-invasive collection. Paracrine is one of the most important therapeutic mechanisms of UCMSCs, which can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidative stress, immune regulation, and other therapeutic effects. Studies in animal models have shown that UCMSCs can restore ovarian function after chemotherapy injury. However, most of the relevant researches are still in the preclinical stage. In this article, the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure will be overviewed, and the clinical application potential of UCMSCs in chemotherapeutic ovarian injury will be discussed.
Complex Aortic Aneurysm Associated with Multiple Splanchnic Arterial Aneurysms and A Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Chaudhari Nikhil Vilas , Bedi Varinder Singh , Agarwal Sandeep , Yadav Ajay , Satwik Ambarish , Srivastava Apurva
Published: April 2021

A 50-year-old male diabetic, hypertensive and chronic smoker presented with complex aortic, splanchnic aneurysms with impending rupture of iliac artery aneurysm, underwent coiling of celiac artery, internal iliac artery, and fenestrated/chimney endovascular aortic repair. One month later, the patient landed in an emergency due to bleeding complications of common hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery aneurysms, which were managed successfully using endovascular techniques. The mayhem of progressive nature of the disease in the patient continued as he had left lower limb ischemia due to occlusion of the iliac artery and iliac limb of the aortic graft device as he continued to smoke. All of the above sequences of events occurred over a period of 5 years. He also developed a giant aneurysm of left anterior descending of 6.8 cm diameter, which had to be repaired by open surgical technique. The patient has been followed up for 6 years since his first presentation, and he was managed successfully from all the catastrophe of events using endovascular techniques. Giant coronary artery aneurysm with previous aneurysms at multiple sites is quite unusual and rare. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the clinical characteristics, diagnostic method, and the treatment of these cases.
Factors Affecting Contralateral Extremity Following Lower-Extremity Major Amputation
Authors: Nishan B , Sivakrishna K , Hudgi V Vishal , Ahsan VP , Vivekanand
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Lower-extremity amputation is performed in patients who are at risk due to acute limb ischemia (ALI), chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), and diabetic foot infections, yet the proportion of patients who progress to amputation of their contralateral extremity following major amputation is not well defined. This study determines the rate of subsequent minor or major amputation of a contralateral extremity.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing lower-extremity major amputation at JIVAS from 2011 to 2015. Outcomes included the proportion of patients who underwent minor or major amputation of contralateral extremity for a follow-up of 3 years.

Results:

From 2011 to 2015 period, 113 patients underwent major lower-extremity amputation. The mean age of patients was 59.5 years. Seventy-five percent were male, 88% were diabetic, 69% were hypertensive, 19% had renal insufficiency, 35% had coronary artery disease, 15% were smokers, 31% presented with diabetic foot infections, 20% presented with ALI (four patients underwent contralateral major amputation within the same admission), and 48% presented with CLTI who underwent an initial major amputation. After ipsilateral major amputation, 54% had normal contralateral extremity (four patients had ALI and six patients had CLTI and underwent revascularization), 14% underwent contralateral minor amputation (toe/transmetatarsal), 4% underwent contralateral major amputation (below/above the knee), 6% lost to follow-up, and 19% were dead at follow-up for 3 years. In this study, there is no significant difference between factors (gender and comorbidities) affecting contralateral limb amputation in patients who underwent major amputation.

Conclusions:

Preexisting comorbidities and gender might not affect contralateral limb amputations in patients with major amputation. Good control of comorbidities in the follow-up and diligent foot care probably play a role in predicting contralateral limb amputations. Vascular surgeons should be alert, and close surveillance and counseling of patients should be followed to prevent subsequent amputation in their contralateral lower extremity.
Air in the Aortic Wall
Authors: Pradhan Aniket , Perin Giordano
Published: April 2021

An 81-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a 48-h history of central chest pain radiating to the back. Observations revealed hypoxia, tachycardia, and hypotension. Biochemistry revealed raised inflammatory markers (white cell count: 18.5 × 109/L and C-reactive protein: 62.5 mg/L) and reduced renal function (creatinine: 157 μmol/L and urea 10.2 mmol/L). Computed tomographic (CT) scan (CT aortogram) revealed the presence of air in a diseased thoracic and abdominal aorta wall with no evidence of aneurysm (A, B, and C). Wall thickening at the cecal pole was noted as well (D). A diagnosis of acute aortitis was made, and the patient was started on intravenous antibiotics. Blood cultures isolated Clostridium septicum. Follow-up CT aortogram performed at 2 weeks revealed a resolution of the pockets of air. Colonoscopy revealed the presence of a fungating cecal mass (adenocarcinoma) as a source of bacteremia leading to aortitis; further, staging identified the disease as nonresectable.
Suprarenal Inferior Vena Cava Ligation
Authors: Kumar Vignesh , Purushothaman Vijayan , Bagaria Dinesh , Agarwal Harshit
Published: April 2021

Inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries account for about 25%–40% of abdominal vascular injuries. Blunt vena cava injury has a lower survival rate than penetrating injury. They may present with torrential bleed. In extreme cases, ligation of the IVC may have to be done as a damage control procedure. However, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially when the suprarenal IVC is ligated. It can lead to acute kidney injury and lower limb compartment syndrome. Suprarenal IVC ligation has been done in oncological resections, as it is a chronic disease that allows collateral vessel formation. However, there is a paucity of data on the ligation of the suprarenal IVC in acute trauma. We present a case of penetrating injury to the IVC which was managed initially by suprarenal IVC ligation, followed by synthetic interposition graft placement once the patient stabilized hemodynamically. The case highlights that this approach can be viable as a damage control procedure in exsanguinating patients.
A Peculiar Case of Iliac Vein Aneurysm
Authors: Chellasamy Rajeev Thilak , Munuswamy Hemachandren , Saichandran B V , Rath Durga Prasad
Published: April 2021

Venous abdominal aneurysm is a rare entity, especially at the iliac vein. This condition is very rare and is usually grave when the aneurysm ruptures. It requires immediate treatment, surgically or by endovascular technique, to prevent such complications. Most of the iliac vein aneurysm cases are associated with arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We report the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with iliac vein aneurysm secondary to AVF. He was treated surgically after a failed endovascular procedure. The venous aneurysm had numerous feeder vessels which were difficult to manage intraoperatively. It prompted us to ligate the common iliac artery and do grafting between the common iliac artery and the common femoral artery. Iliac vein aneurysm diagnosis requires precise clinical suspicion, and the treatment is based on patients' clinical presentation and radiological features. Use of appropriate imaging modalities facilitates a correct preoperative diagnosis which consequently improves the surgical outcome.
Long-Standing Traumatic Femoro-Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting with Congestive Cardiac Failure After 35 Years
Authors: Ojo Olugbenga Olalekan , Onakpoya Uvie Ufuoma , Akintomide Anthony Olubunmi , Adenekan Anthony Taiwo
Published: April 2021

Acquired arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) could either be traumatic or iatrogenic, though a spontaneous etiology was described by Syme in 1831. Penetrating injuries from stab wounds account for a large proportion of civilian cases of traumatic AVFs. Chronic or long-standing AVFs are characterized by significant shunting of blood from the arterial to the venous system. We report a case of a large traumatic femoral AVF, presenting with features of congestive cardiac failure (CCF), in a 54-year-old male after a remote stab injury to the right groin. The patient had also developed signs of unilateral chronic venous insufficiency in the involved limb. Following clinical examination, duplex ultrasound, and computed tomography angiography, the diagnosis of chronic AVF was confirmed. He successfully underwent open surgical repair with a dramatic resolution of symptoms of CCF.
Outcome of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Graft in Lower Limb for Hemodialysis
Authors: Haseen Mohd A , Yadav Mayank , Singh Sumit P , Yadav Renu
Published: April 2021

Background:

The burden of chronic kidney disease and the incidence of end-stage renal disease in India are continuously increasing. For each of these patients, adequate vascular access for dialysis is essential for survival. Access to patients' blood can come in the form of a catheter, native arteriovenous fistula (AVF), or prosthetic graft. It is apparent that the number of new “incident” patients and “prevalent” patients will continue to increase, requiring stable forms of vascular access. An alternative to autologous AVF is placement of a synthetic vascular graft prosthesis.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study which aims to evaluate the outcome of 10 consecutive patients with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) made for hemodialysis in patients with exhaustive veins/failed AVFs with central venous catheters (CVCs) in situ.

Results:

The mean age of patients in our study was 54 years. The primary patency rate of AVGs was 50% and 30%, whereas the secondary patency rate was found to be 80% and 60% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively.

Conclusion:

AVGs can be used as an alternative to AVFs with acceptable results.
Rare foreign bodies encountered in ophthalmic practice
Authors: Menon Sudha , Kumar Praveena S. , Pai H. Vijaya
Published: April 2021

Ocular trauma and retained foreign bodies in the eye form a common occurrence in ophthalmic practice. Mild trauma may often be overlooked and patients, quite often, present late with serious complications. The clinical presentations and management of three patients who presented with a FB in the anterior chamber, within the lens, and within the orbit, respectively, are discussed. The diagnostic and management issues are highlighted along with a brief review of relevant literature.
Optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Sahu Jigyasa
Published: April 2021

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is an emerging technology in the field of glaucoma, probably due to its role in potentiating early diagnosis as well as evaluating subtle positive effects after therapy. Being a noninvasive modality, it is gaining wide popularity in ophthalmic diagnostics. Recent studies have shown a decrease of different blood flow indices like peripapillary and macular vessel and perfusion density in glaucoma patients when compared to the normal population. It has been shown to have acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. This article aims to discuss the pros and cons of imbibing OCT-A in the armamentarium of glaucoma diagnostics. Furthermore, limitations and fears of such a step have been discussed along with the scope for further research areas. Its relative newness, cost inefficiency, and lack of normative data pose diagnostic dilemmas to glaucoma specialists. On the other hand, the never extinguished inquisitiveness of studying blood flow in glaucoma has been sustained by growing research in this field.
An unusual presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Keerthhi Dhevi R. S. , Geetha G. , Shanker M. Prabhu , Anusha V.
Published: April 2021

We report a rare case of bilateral Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease coexisting with sub hyaloid hemorrhage in one eye, in a 59-year-old female who presented with diminution of vision in both eyes, right more than left. The anterior segment examination was within normal limits. Fundus examination and imaging revealed features typical of VKH in one eye and these features masked by subhyaloid hemorrhage in the other eye. Varied differential diagnoses appropriately ruled out, subjective and clinical improvement with systemic steroids hits the bull's eye diagnosis of probable VKH with early disease manifestation coexisting with subhyaloid hemorrhage secondary to valsalva maneuver.
Role of Doppler Ultrasound in Assessing the Severity of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the Lower Limb
Authors: Islam Syeda Nilufar , Deka Nabanita , Hussain Zohaib
Published: April 2021

Background:

Peripheral arterial disease is defined as a clinical disorder in which there is a stenosis or occlusion of the arteries of the limbs. The most common etiology is ischemia due to occlusive disease. The objective of this study is to assess the severity of lower-limb peripheral arterial diseases based on various Doppler parameters.

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 55 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of lower-limb peripheral arterial disease. Both inpatients and outpatients attending the authors' institute were taken up for the study. In this study, Doppler sonography was performed using 3–12 MHz linear array and 1–7 MHz curvilinear array transducers (SAMSUNG RS80A Ultrasound System).

Results:

Out of 55 patients, Doppler sonography demonstrated echogenic plaques in 32 patients and corkscrew collaterals in 15 patients. Monophasic waveform with peak systolic velocity ratio of >2:1 was found in 42 patients, which is consistent with significant stenoses.

Conclusion:

Our study shows that Duplex Doppler sonography aided by color Doppler sonography can accurately locate the site and severity of stenosis/occlusion. It is safe, cost-effective, repeatable, and noninvasive.
Clinical and Pathological Examination of Jaw Masses
Authors: Aydin Sedat , Demir Mehmet Gökhan , Baran Hacer
Published: April 2021

Introductıon:

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathological features of the patients who presented with a mass in the jaw.

Materıals and Methods:

Clinical files and histopathological records of 69 patients who presented to our clinic with complaints of swelling or mass in the upper or lower jaw between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:

Of the cysts and tumoral lesions in patients, 50.7% (35/69) were located in the maxilla and 49.3% (34/69) were located in the mandible. 23 (32.8%) odontogenic cysts, 11 (15,7%) non-odontogenic cysts, 15 (21.4%) odontogenic tumors, 12 (17,4%) local metastases from adjacent tissues to maxilla and mandible, 5 (7.1%) other distant metastases. Among the odontogenic cysts, the most common radicular cysts were 39.13% (10/23), the second had dentigerous cyst 34.78% (8/23). In our 11 patients with non-odontogenic cysts, only nasoalveolar cysts were observed. The distribution of odontogenic tumors are; 40% (6/15) odontoma, 26.6% (4/15) giant cell reparative granuloma, 20% (3/15) ameloblastoma, 6.6% (1/15) rates of cementoma and odontogenic fibroma.

Conclusıon:

When the etiologic causes of the patients who have complaints of mass in the jaw are examined, we can encounter many different pathologies. Although odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts are the most common benign masses, we should consider the masses that metastasize to this region and the primary tumors originating from this region.
Brainstem Vertigo
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Sahana Ranita
Published: April 2021

Stroke at the brain stem and cerebellum may cause sudden vestibular syndromem and isolated audiovestibular loss can herald impeding for infarction at the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. Patients complaining sudden isolated dizziness or vertigo are higher chance for the stroke than the general population. Proper bedside assessment of the patient is superior to the imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging for detecting the central cause. Misdiagnosis of the stroke in patient of brain stem vertigo leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The overdiagnosis of this clinical entity will cause unnecessary costly workups and medical treatment. It is important for a clinician to differentiate brain stem vertigo with isolated dizziness or vertigo from the benign disorders of the labyrinth as the treatment strategy and prognosis are different in these two situations. Bedside clinical indicators are often helpful to identify the central pathology, and so neuroimaging should be advised accordingly. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and current management of the brain stem vertigo. This article will surely increase awareness among the clinicians for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the brain stem vertigo.
Pharmacists Knowledge and Contribution during Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic in Sudan, 2020
Authors: Ahmed Nahid Osman , Saeed Ali Awadallah
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Pharmacist's knowledge about the different aspects of this pandemic is crucial because it influence their role and contribution as a frontline health-care provider, as pharmacies and most of the pharmacy practice sectors are kept open even during lockdowns providing counseling and patient care. Pharmacist can provide valuable services during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these services may include: Provide reliable information on the disease, participate in public education on preventive measures, referring of suspected cases, insuring continuous supply of medicine.

Methods:

A web-based, cross-sectional study, conducted using the survey instrument to obtain the responses from Sudanese pharmacists during the period from May 26, 2020, to June 3, 2020. A 14-item survey instrument was developed. The web-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the Sudanese pharmacists. A self-reported structured questionnaire was divided into three sections: Demographic characteristics, questions assessing the knowledge, and one question for the pharmacist contribution during the pandemic.

Results:

The present study showed that 51.1% of pharmacists have good knowledge about the COVID-19. The work experience and education level significantly (P < 0.05) influence pharmacist knowledge. Majority of pharmacists contribute to different activities during the pandemic, for example, providing patients with transmission information (94%), provide factual and reliable information on the diseases symptoms (93.1%), providing patients with prevention information (91.1%).

Conclusion:

The present study identified that pharmacists have good knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, pharmacists contributed in many activities as a frontline health-care provider during this pandemic.
Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Woya Ashenafi Abate , Tekile Abay Kassa
Published: April 2021

Anemia is one of the most widely spread public health problems, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study (the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey 2016) was used as a source of data. Participants were 8385 children aged from 6 to 59 months selected in a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The level of hemoglobin was determined by HemoCue analyzer. The risk factors of anemia were computed by logistic regression (α=0.05). The result revealed that more than half (57.3%) of children aged 6-59 months were found anemic of which 3.1% had severe anemia, 29.2% had moderate and 25% mild anemia. The anemia status of the children’s mother (OR: 3.01, CI: 0.34, 6.75), living in Somali region (OR: 5.73, CI: 1.86, 17.71), living in rural areas (OR: 1.84, CI: 1.38, 2.83), age of study participants (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.29,1.45) among 24-42 months old children (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.16,1.08) among 43-59 months old children, rich and medium parents (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.20,0.73), smoker mother (OR: 0.02, CI: 0.00, 0.05) were the risk factors of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6-59 months. The overall prevalence of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months was high. It is argued that measures that prevent childhood illnesses and maternal anemia need to be put in place in order to reduce anemia among Ethiopian children.
A cluster-genetic programming approach for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Tarekegn Adane Nega , Alemu Tamir Anteneh , Tegegne Alemu Kumlachew
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern. It commonly spreads through the air and attacks low immune bodies. TB is the most common and known health problem in low and middle-income countries. Genetic programming (GP) is a machine learning model for discovering useful relationships among the variables in complex clinical data. It is more appropriate in a circumstance when the form of the solution model is unknown a priori. The main objective of this study is to develop a model that can detect positive cases of TB suspected patients using genetic programming approach. In this paper, Genetic Programming (GP) is exploited to identify the presence of positive cases of tuberculosis from the real data set of TB suspects and hospitalized patients. First, the dataset is pre-processed, and target variables are identified using cluster analysis. This data-driven cluster analysis identifies two distinct clusters of patients, representing TB positive and TB negative. Then, GP is trained using the training datasets to construct a prediction model and tested with a separate new dataset. With the 30 runs, the median performance of GP on test data was good (sensitivity=0.78, specificity=0.95, accuracy=0.89, AUC=0.91). We find that GP shows better performance in predicting TB compared to other machine learning models. The study demonstrates that the GP model might be used to support clinicians to screen TB patients.
Genetic Modification of Animals: Potential benefits and concerns
Authors: Mbah David A. , Tawah Chi Lawrence , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan
Published: April 2021

Genetic modification (GM), a process whereby gene and genotype frequencies are changed among individuals of each generation, is driven by  natural and artificial forces. Natural forces include mutation, fitness and migration/introgression, while artificial forces include selection,  crossbreeding and transgenesis/genetic engineering. Genetic modification, driven by natural forces, is essentially adaptive, while modification driven by artificial forces is controlled by human intervention aimed at meeting food, health and other needs. Conventional genetic modification, under sexual reproduction within species, produces both beneficial and negative effects. Modern genetic modification – interspecific exchange of genes using genetic engineering – has beneficial and negative effects as well, which are at varying degrees depending on the species involved. Control/management systems/mechanisms are developed and applied to enable societal benefits while minimizing/preventing negative effects of conventional and modern genetic modification. Targeted analysis of selected nutrients in animal products is made on a case-by-case basis to test substantial equivalence of any compositional changes resulting from genetic modification. Unique identifiers are established to track GM animals and their products in the food chain.

Modification génétique, processus par lequel les fréquences des gènes et des génotypes sont changes parmi les individus de chaque génération, est entraînée par des forces naturelles et artificielles. Les forces naturelles incluent la mutation, compétence de mère/père pour se  reproduire/survivre et la migration / introgression. Les forces artificielles comprennent la sélection, le croisement et la transgénèse / génie génétique. La modification génétique entraînée par les forces naturelles est essentiellement adaptative, tandis que celle entraînée par les forces artificielles est contrôlée par une intervention humaine visant à répondre aux besoins alimentaires, sanitaires et autres. La modification génétique conventionnelle, lors de la reproduction sexuelle au sein des espèces, produit des effets à la fois bénéfiques et négatifs. Modification génétique moderne - échange interspécifique de gènes par génie génétique - a également des effets bénéfiques et négatifs mais à des degrés divers selon les espèces impliquées. Des systèmes / mécanismes de contrôle / gestion sont développés et appliqués pour permettre des avantages pour la société tout en minimisant / empêchant les effets négatifs des modifications génétiques conventionnelles et modernes. Une analyse ciblée de nutriments sélectionnés dans les produits d’origine animale est effectuée au cas par cas afin de tester l’équivalence substantielle de tout changement de composition résultant d’une modification génétique. Des identifiants uniques sont établis pour suivre les animaux GM et leurs produits dans la chaîne alimentaire.
The Comparability of Lipid-based and Body Mass Index-based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores: Using the Rwanda 2012-2013 Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey Data
Authors: Berchmans Niyibizi Jean , Kufre Joseph Okop , Naomi Levitt , Rulisa Stephen , Ntawuyirushintege Seleman , Tumusiime David , Nyandwi Alypio , Ntaganda Evariste , Ayele Birhanu , Bavuma Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Background

In Rwanda, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ranked second of the most common cause of death in 2016.  CVD risk score tools have been recommended to identify people at high risk for management.

Objective

To assess the comparability of body mass index (BMI)-based and lipid-based CVD risk scores in Rwandan population.

Methods

Secondary analysis was conducted on 4185 study participants extracted from the dataset of Rwanda 2012-2013 non-communicable diseases risk factors survey. Individual CVD risk scores were calculated using both BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms, one at a time. Spearman rank’s coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were used to compare the two tools.

Results

About 63.5% of participants were women. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI-based algorithm and lipid-based algorithm vis-à-vis a 10-year CVD risk prediction (Spearman rank correlation coefficients > 0.90, p<0.001) considering either men, women or overall study participants. There was a moderate agreement between BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms vis-à-vis CVD risk characterization, kappa = 0.52; p-value p<0.001 considering either overall study participants or men and kappa = 0.48; p-value p<0.001 considering women.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest the use of BMI-based algorithm, a cost effective tool compared to lipid-based tool, can be alternatively used in resource-limited settings. 

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):166-184
Perioperative Nursing Training in Rwanda in Partnership with American Universities: The Journey So Far
Authors: Mukantwari Joselyne , Omondi Lilian , Ryamukuru David
Published: April 2021

Nurses within a surgical team play such a fundamental role in the success of a surgery that they require specific training for the purpose. However, in Rwanda, there has been a severe scarcity of perioperative nurses. This article describes the collaborative effort for perioperative nursing training by the University of Rwanda (UR) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) with the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program and a consortium of American Universities. The goal of the HRH program has been to build up the capacities of health professionals both in academia and clinical settings so as to address the shortage of qualified staff. In that regard, the UR in 2015 started a Masters program in nursing in eight specialties, of which one was perioperative nursing. The aim of this paper is to highlight the training process, success, and challenges of perioperative nursing training in Rwanda.

The training has so far been successful, with the 19 nurses who completed the program working now in academic and clinical teaching institutions. Students in the program have also increased their number of research publications in peer-reviewed journals and international conference presentations. The UR and its partners are investing in the sustainability and excellence of this program. Using the import-of-experts approach to train Rwandans within their country, the program addresses the scarcity of specialists in various disciplines within the nursing profession. As a consequence,  countries where the lack of specialized nurses poses challenges may adopt this partnership strategy.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):185-196
Stunting among Under Five Years Old Children in Rwanda: Influences of Family Planning Status and Household Size and Composition
Authors: Bigirimana Jean Bosco
Published: April 2021

Background

Stunting is one of the main challenges resulting in high child mortality and morbidity thought out the world, especially in many developing countries, including Rwanda. The overall prevalence rate of stunting is estimated at around 38% of under five years old children in Rwanda.

Objective

To examine the influences of household size and composition and family planning status on stunting among children under five in Rwanda.

Methods

The current study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study that used the secondary data analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2014-2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between family planning and household size and composition.

Results

The sum-total of children under five in the household (log odds=0.373(p<.05), CI=0.0577, 0.689), maternal age at childbirth (log odds=-0.682(p<.05), CI=-1.222, -0.141), fertility preference (log odds =-0.296(p<.05), CI=-0.549, -0.0427), and unmet need for family planning (log odds = 0.297(p<.05), CI= 0.0193, 0.574) were statistically significant associated with stunting among studied children.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest a significant association between stunting and family planning and household size and composition.

 

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):112-130
PENGUJIAN EKSISTENSI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhammad Fajar  , Hariyanto
Published: April 2021

Tujuan studi adalah untuk menguji eksistensi fenomena environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Metode yang digunakan dalam  penelitian ini adalah metode regresi kuadratik yng diestimasi dengan ordinary least square dengan terlebih dahulu merekonstruksi varibel prediktor. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah emisi karbondioksida per kapita (metrik ton) bersumber dari World Bank Dataset, PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto) nominal (ribuan Rupiah) dan jumlah penduduk yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa fenomena EKC eksis terjadi di Indonesia yang diindikasikan dari koefisien komponen kuadrat pada model signifikan. Ini menyiratkan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat penggunaannya. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi pada titik tertentu yang bermuara pada aktivistas produksi, membuat manusia sadar bahwa lingkungan dan alam harus dijaga dan berkesinambungan untuk kebutuhan ekonomi generasi mendatang.
Percepción sensorial de diferentes marcas de cerveza utilizando el método Tarea de Clasificación (Sorting task)
Authors: Llanos Caballero Bernabé , López Leiva Yanela Hilenni , Carrasco Mendoza Girodel Ronaldo , Anticona Zamora Winy Vanessa
Published: April 2021

El método de tarea de clasificación es una técnica de caracterización sensorial que analiza e interpreta la respuesta sensorial de los consumidores. Esta técnica clasifica las muestras en grupos rigiéndose a la similitud sensorial que hay entre ellas. Es una prueba rápida y muy útil, ya que se puede realizar con consumidores habituales que pueden ser capaces de describir de manera correcta el producto, ahorrando la etapa de entrenamiento de panelistas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las similitudes y/o diferencias de la cerveza. Se trabajó con 4 marcas de cerveza las cuales fueron: Pilsen Trujillo, Pilsen Callao, Golden y Cusqueña Dorada. Para tal evaluación se trabajó con 20 consumidores habituales de cerveza de la ciudad de Trujillo, donde probaron las diferentes muestras y formaron grupos respecto a su olor, visual, turbidez, textura y sabor. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico para observar las similitudes/diferencias de las distintas muestras evaluadas por el método de tarea de clasificación mediante gráficas. Las cervezas Pilsen Trujillo y Golden no tienen diferencia notable, más bien tienen una similitud significativa. Las cervezas Pilsen Callao tiene poco grado de similitud con Pilsen Trujillo y la cerveza Cuzqueña Dorada es la que presenta mayor diferencia notable con respecto a las otras cervezas.
Los saberes didácticos experienciales: Reflexiones para el abordaje de una problematización
Authors: Arroyave R. Yovany A.
Published: April 2021

El artículo hace parte de la primera fase del proyecto de tesis doctoral titulado Posibilidades estéticas de la reconfiguración de los saberes pedagógicos y los saberes didácticos experienciales: reflexiones para el abordaje de una problematización.El propósito de esta reflexión teórica es reconocer la relevancia y trascendencia de los presupuestos ético-estéticos en la reconfiguración de los saberes pedagógicos y los saberes didácticos experienciales. Se partede la pregunta ¿Cómo desvelar los saberes experienciales ocultos en los saberes pedagógicos y didácticos de los maestros en formación de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Antioquia, cuando los narran en sus prácticas pedagógicas?Esta investigación sigue la triada dialógica hegeliana de tesis, antítesis y síntesis, que articula las partes y el todo de la investigación cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico.A partir de esta mirada, se concluye que este proceder le posibilita al hermeneuta identificar las formas en las que los maestros en formación narran su experiencia en la práctica pedagógica para desvelar, a partir desus relatos, las reconfiguraciones que establecen de las nociones de saber pedagógico y saber didáctico.
Kendini Gerçekleştirme Bağlamında Kur’an’da Umut
Authors: CÖMERT Cennet Feyza
Published: April 2021

Birey, özünde var olan potansiyel ve yeteneklerini keşfederek kendisini tanır ve olgunlaşmaya başlayarak kendini gerçekleştirme yoluna girer. İnsanın kendini gerçekleştirmesi, bireyin hem kendini bulma sürecinde gerçek kimliğine ulaşması ve içindeki aradığı bütünlüğe ulaşması için atılmış önemli bir adım; hem de bu süreçte kendine doğru mesafe kat ettiren gelişimsel bir yürüyüştür. Umut ise bireyin yaşamı ile ilgili olumlu beklentileri ve geleceğe yönelik arzuları olup bireyin kendisine yabancılaşmasını engeller ve kendini gerçekleştirmesine yardımcı olur. Bu çalışmanın konusu; insanın kendini gerçekleştirmesinde önemli bir etken ve değer olan umut kavramının Kur’ani boyutlarını bilimsel açıdan tahlil etmektir. Çalışmanın temel amacı ise insanın kendini gerçekleştirmesinde önemli etkisi olan umut kavramının Kur’an bağlamında bireyin: a) harekete geçmesinde, b) hedefine ulaşmasında ve c) kendini gerçekleştirmesindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada mikro yöntem bağlamında tarihsel dokümantasyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, umut kavramının Kur’an’da hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı olarak geçtiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca insanın umutsuzluğa düşmemesi için harekete geçmesine, hedeflerine ulaşmasına ve kendini gerçekleştirebilmesine yardımcı olan birçok ayetin olduğu görülmektedir.
Tüketim Kültürünün Bir Örneği Olarak Kur'an'da Gösterişçi Dindarlık
Authors: ATMACA Meryem Sümeyye
Published: April 2021

İnsanın yaşadığı her dönemde var olan ancak, dünya üzerinde son yüzyılda etkisi daha fazla hissedilir hâle gelen tüketim kültürü, sosyal yaşamdaki birçok dengeyi de etkilemiştir. Böylece tüketim, insanın ihtiyacına yönelik gerçekleştirdiği bir davranış olmaktan çıkmış ve artık insan, tüketmeyi bir ihtiyaç olarak görmeye başlamıştır. İnsan, varlığını tüketimle görünür hâle getirmeye çalışmıştır. Kapitalist düzenin hâkim olduğu dünyada, toplumdaki yabancılaşma artmıştır. Samimi insan ilişkileri yerini, daha bireysel ilişkilerin var olduğu küresel bir dünyaya bırakmıştır. İnsanlar, göstergelerle birbirlerine mesaj vermeye başlamışlardır. Bu göstergeler, genellikle marka değeri olan ürünlerdir. Bu çalışmada, tüketim kültürü bağlamında Kur’an’da gösterişçi dindarlığın görünümleri sosyolojik olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı ise, tüketim kültürü bağlamında gösterişçi dindarlığın sosyolojik görünümlerini a) lüks tüketim ve yapılan harcamalar bakımından gösterişçi dindarlık, b) itikadi açıdan gösterişçi dindarlık ve c) ameli açıdan gösterişçi dindarlık yönünden ele almaktır. Bu çalışmada, açıklayıcı yöntem bağlamında tarihsel dokümantasyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. Öyle ki Kur'an, gösterişçiliği eleştirmiş ve dünya hayatının geçiciliğinden bahsetmiştir. Bu anlamda samimiyetle yapılmayan ibadetlerin kabul edilmeyeceğini ve katıldıkları ilim meclislerinin, münafıklara hiçbir faydasının olmayacağını vurgulanmıştır.
FINANCIAL APPRAISAL AND ANALYSIS OF MINERALS AND METALS TRADING CORPORATION (MMTC)
Authors:   Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Published: April 2021

India is a nation with vast geographical diversities, providing a variety of mineral and metal resources, crucial for the economic development of a country. There are many public sector enterprises in India engaged in the business of these natural resources. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation (MMTC) Ltd. is one of the leading public sector enterprises involved in the business of minerals and metals at international as well as national level. This paper aims to study the performance and efficiency of MMTC Ltd. during the period from 2000- 01 to 2010-11 using various financial and statistical tools for analysis and interpretation of the data obtained basically from the published reports of the corporation. The study, in addition to checking the growth in business examines the liquidity, solvency, profitability and activity of the corporation and found it growing. The analysis further reveals that the liquidity position of the corporation is comfortable but profitability wise it is precariously placed.
TaTME, tips para iniciar la curva de aprendizaje
Authors: Mattacheo Adrián , Tognelli Joaquín , Lococo Julio
Published: April 2021

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Effect of Coping Strategies Education on Knowledge and Behaviors of Women Experienced Workplace Bullying
Authors: Ali Shimaa M. H. , Elsherbeny Eman M. M. , Ahmed Mervat A. , Mohamed Hussein M. M. F.
Published: April 2021

Context: Workplace bullying is defined as the perceived situation in which an employee is systematically and repeatedly the target of work-related or personal harmful acts. Workplace bullying is an occupational stressor shown to have particular detrimental health outcomes for those targeted.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of coping strategies education on knowledge and behaviors of women experienced workplace bullying.

Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/posttest) design was used to achieve this study's aim. The study was conducted at Beni-Suef University affiliated to the Ministry of Higher Education. The study conducted on a convenient sample of 500 women working at Beni-Suef University. They included 360 employee women from different age groups, educational backgrounds, and job positions. The sample also includes 100 nurses and 40 workers. The study used two tools. The researcher designed a structured interview questionnaire to assess the women's socio-demographic profile and their knowledge regarding workplace bullying. The second tool was a coping behavior checklist for workplace bullying designed by the researcher to assess the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying.

Results: shows that 36.0% of the studied women were in the age group ≥30 with a mean age of 34.38±4.33. Half of the studied women suffering from all mentioned health effects, followed by absenteeism 15%, then depression 12%, and 7% suffering decreased self-esteem, the least health problems 6% was for a physical problem (cardiovascular, diabetes mellites, and neuromuscular problems). The study reveals a statistically significant improvement of women's knowledge regarding workplace bullying at post compared to pre educational intervention and at follow up phase compared to the post-intervention phase at p <0.001. The results also show a highly statistically significant improvement in the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying between pre and post-intervention phases and between post and follow up phases of intervention at p <0.001.

Conclusion: The research hypotheses were supported. The women exposed to the coping strategies education had improved knowledge and behaviors compared to their pre-education level. Effective organizational interventions are recommended to help prevent and address bullying incidents, and robust legislative mechanisms are also recommended to allow for restitution and compensation, particularly for women.