bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congregation-Based Service Financing Scheme (LASISMA) in Improving Customer Business at BMT NU Larangan Pamekasan Branch
Authors: Hasanah Fitriyatun , Asy’ari Qaiyim , Hayati Nur , Toyyibah Nurul , Ningsih Purnama
Published: July 2024

Financing is one that is really needed by the community to meet their needs, one of which is the financing contained in the BMT NU larangan branch, namely congregation-based service financing (LASISMA), this financing uses the Al qordhul Hasan contract and customers or partners increase every year. In this study, researchers describe. How is the implementation of congregation-based service financing (LASISMA) in the larangan subdistrict customer business at the larangan branch of BMT NU, the researcher also describes what are the inhibiting and supporting factors in congregation-based service financing (LASISMA) at the larangan branch of NU BMT. The result of this research is a congregation-based service financing scheme (LASISMA) in increasing business. customers, the BMT groups members of at least 5 and a maximum of 20 members, then BMT provides basic education and conducts surveys, makes letters of recommendation and monitors the customer's business. Factors that become obstacles and supports in financing LASISMA are the existence of groups that also offer similar financing to LASISMA, namely in the form of groups, and also the customer's lack of understanding in managing their business. And one of the supporting factors is the ease of getting financing and installments.
Optimization of Gold Pawn Product Advantages to Increase Customer Base
Authors: Slamet  , Rosidi Mohammad , Riky Moh.
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the main characteristics that impact customer satisfaction with pawn products at BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, with a specific focus on its Waru Branch. Data for this study were gathered using a qualitative descriptive approach, through interviews conducted with the management, employees, and customers of BPRS Bhakti Sumekar's Waru Branch. In addition, supplementary data were acquired from papers, journals, and internal records of the bank. The research aims to maximize the benefits of gold pawn products in order to broaden the consumer base. BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, previously named BPR Bhakti Sumekar, is a Regional-Owned Enterprise (BUMD) located in Sumenep Regency. It was founded on September 16, 2002, first as a limited liability company (PT) before converting to a BUMD status. BPRS Bhakti Sumekar has a notable presence in the local financial sector with two Cash Offices and 28 Branch Offices, one of which is the Waru Branch.
A Review of The Place of Listening in The L2 Learner Curriculum
Authors: Aminah Suriaman
Published: July 2024

Listening chances are frequently described in second language studies as the linguistic environment - the stage for SLA. The speakers of the target language and their speech to the L2 learners give linguistic input in the form of listening and interaction opportunities embedded in social and pedagogical circumstances. It has been observed that three major conditions are required for a person to learn a second language: (1) a learner who recognizes the need to learn the second language and is motivated to do so; (2) a speaker of the target language who knows it well enough to provide the learner with access to the spoken language and the support (such as simplification, repetition, and feedback) they require for learning it; and (3) a social setting that brings the learner in frequently enough and sustainably. Listening is necessary under two of these conditions and is thus an important way of language development, which is frequently disregarded in language instruction and research. To acquire the language, the learner must come to grasp the input and pay attention to the forms in the input. The more input pupils receive from listening, the richer their knowledge becomes, and the more fluent they become. It is up to educators to plan and arrange listening in such a way that it brings the learner into frequent and sustained contact with target language speakers to make language learning possible.
Poetic Approach in Drama Script Study: Analysing Willy Loman’s Disappointments in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman in Teaching English as a Foreign Language Context
Authors: Sastika Seli
Published: July 2024

This article describes and explains how Culler’s (1997) poetics in the study of literature can be used to gain literary competency for the teaching of literature in an English as a foreign language (EFL) environment. The use of this strategy is discussed using one of the most famous play scripts in American literature: Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Following Culler's poetics technique, the study focuses on one of the themes present in the play script: Willy Loman's (the main character) disappointments, which make up the majority of the story with a dramatic ending: Willy's decision to commit suicide. This article seeks to persuade EFL teachers who study literature to take Culler's side and use poetics as the beginning point for a literature study in order to increase their students’ literary ability.
THE UTILISATION OF THE OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEM (OJS) BY PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATORS
Authors: Supriyanto  , Aurellysa Berlian Santoso
Published: July 2024

In the process of ensuring the quality of education, teachers are required to carry out publications at certain ranks. However, teachers face various obstacles in the publication process. One of them is the adaptation of the use of technology in submitting articles on the “Open Journal System” page. The Unissula Mathematics Education service team targeted this problem by conducting a Workshop on Management of the Use of the Open Journal System (OJS) for teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Pegandon, Kendal Regency. This activity is carried out in a hybrid way, both challenge and offline. In terms of quality, several teachers at SMAN 1 Pegandon have submitted their articles in the journal http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jpsa.Quantitatively, this activity got the enthusiasm of many teachers. This is proven by the presence of teachers who exceed 80% in socialization activities.
MSME EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO INCREASE CONSUMER SATISFACTION
Authors: Mohamad Toha  , Neng Julfa Habibah
Published: July 2024

The primary aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of an MSME empowerment and development initiative in enhancing consumer satisfaction at the Warung Nasi Hj establishment. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of study and research that focuses on the development The approach employed in this service encompasses the utilisation of customer surveys, interviews conducted with store owners, as well as the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data. Dedication has observed a noteworthy enhancement in consumer satisfaction as a result of the adoption of a complete empowerment programme, encompassing initiatives such as product quality improvement, employee training, and novel marketing methods. The findings of the survey indicate that consumers have observed favourable improvements in various aspects, including product quality, customer service, and overall experience at Warung Nasi Hj. Ai. In addition to this, stall proprietors also observed an increase in revenue and a greater portion of the market. The aforementioned findings demonstrate that the implementation of programmes aimed at empowering and developing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) can effectively enhance the quality of MSME operations and yield sustainable profits through the augmentation of consumer happiness and business expansion. This study aims to investigate the relationship between consumer satisfaction, empowerment of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), business development, and marketing strategy.
Financial Literacy Assistance in Banking Products (BPRS Mitra Harmoni) to Primary School Students in Increasing Financial Awareness from an Early Time (Study at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Malang)
Authors: Nazylah Choirun , Umamah Listya R Sayidah , Rinawati Ika
Published: July 2024

The importance of managing finances from an early age aims to ensure that people can manage their finances personally and become financially free. Financial institutions or schools need to take important steps to participate in providing literacy to students from the elementary school level up. The activity method consists of the Activity Planning stage, implementation stage, and closing or observation stage. The results of the literacy activities are: first, providing PowerPoint material. The material contains material that explains various financial institutions and their benefits for our lives in the future. Second, watch a video together, an animated video that contains how to carry out financial transactions at financial institutions correctly, the benefits and goodness that can be obtained when someone diligently saves and puts their money in an official financial institution, the convenience of saving facilities without having to come to a BPRS financial institution Harmony Partners. Third, distribution of financial institution literacy media in the form of brochures and registration forms. Fourth, practice saving. Students practice saving by filling in the account opening registration form as the first step that must be taken. Then the students deposit money as an initial deposit of IDR 10,000.00 to the officer in the cash car. Closing Activities or Evaluation from MI Wahid Hasyim School there are 103 customers and MI NU Sumberpasir School there are 123 customers.
Digital Transformation Training for Village Community Groups in Efforts to Turn Sumberejo Village into a Smart Village
Authors: Yunas Novy Setia , Wibowo Dhimas Bagus Bimasena , Ratu Jessica Gustriana , Novarani Nabila , Putri Pangestika Maharani , Mairisa Puti Zanira , Muhammad Aliyu Dahiru
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of technology in the world which is beneficial for people's lives means it is necessary to master technology as time goes by. This training aims to enable students to provide ideas based on knowledge, to grow and accelerate movement in preparing future cadres and accelerate the achievement of a Smart Village in Sumberejo Village. There are several digital training provided, such as training on using editing applications, namely Canva and Filmora, training on creating and maintaining social media, namely village Instagram and YouTube, training on maintaining and optimizing village websites, and training on financial report management applications for BUMdes. This program was implemented well and smoothly because a regular socialization and training agenda had been implemented for village cadres according to their chosen interests. Regular training is needed for cadres to be able to master soft skills better, and of course, support from the village government is needed for cadres to facilitate the learning process so that it can be useful for village progress.
Analisis Semiotika C.S. Pierce dalam Siniar Horor Kanal Lentera Malam dan Obrolan Santai
Authors: Mitrayudasi Sangkary Asihta , Geraldine Allesandra
Published: July 2024

This article discusses C.S. Pierce's semiotic analysis of icons and symbols in horror podcasts on the Lentera Malam and Obrolan Santai channels. The writing technique uses a qualitative descriptive technique, which describes the discussion based on the dialog or conversation in the podcast. The semiotic approach is used as an analytical approach to explore a sign as a representation of objects, events, circumstances, feelings, and conditions in a broad culture. The podcasts to be analyzed are entitled (1) Pengalaman Metafisik Dokter Forensik, (2) Cerita Horor Perawat Rumah Sakit Terseram. Each podcast will be analyzed using the theory of icons and symbols. There are 14 forms of icons and 16 forms of symbols in the Pengalaman Metafisik Dokter Forensik and Cerita Horor Perawat Rumah Sakit Terseram podcast. Icons are seen in the words berdeham, bayangan, jenazah, dna, penampakan, cicicit-cicicit. Symbols are seen in the words penunggu, merinding, mimpi, pasien, mr. x, indigo.
Machine learning in agile manufacturing; a usecase from offshore wind turbine product lifecycle management (plm) system
Authors: Nickpasand Mehrnoosh , Gaspar Henrique M. , El Jaafari Hassan
Published: July 2024

This paper describes how application of Machine Learning (ML) in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system results in reducing time of engineering change order (ECO), i.e., implementation of the design change’s effects, and thus, improving the responsiveness of the manufacturing system. A current challenge in PLM system is the long duration of engineering change process from when a component in product’s design is changed until when the change is reflected in the manufacturing operation in which the component is consumed. This paper proposes that application of supervised ML, using classification method and a basic neural network algorithm, on 3D graphic design of a product, helps PLM system to predict and locate the placement of the design change in corresponding manufacturing operation faster than the current manual status quo. The model-based structure of such application highlights the practical steps in data preparation, training process, and evaluation of the model in PLM system environment. Throughout the way, the feature, extracted from the digital format of the product design, i.e., 3D graphics, is labelled by its correspondence to the operation in which it is consumed, and sent through the neural network algorithm to train it over such correspondence. The satisfactory result of the evaluation is reflected by learning curve and confusion matrix. With use of data from offshore wind turbine’s (OWT’s) hub in Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy’s (SGRE’s) PLM system, this study denotes the logic behind such application, the methodologies, and frameworks, which are reusable in any typical manufacturing system supported by PLM system. Although, for the utilization of the trained model, there are still some hurdles to overcome. The paper concludes with highlights of challenges, risks and limitations of the model helping other industries to predict potential challenges and realistically estimate the required budget for such implementation.
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro investigation of wound healing, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response in potentially active extracts of Anogeissus dhofarica
Authors: Abuarqoub Duaa , Aburayyan Walid , Rashan Luay , Dayyih Wael Abu , Al-Matubsi Hisham Y.
Published: July 2024

The traditional medicine plant Anogeissus dhofarica is only found in the Jabal Fartak region of Yemen and the Dhofar region of Oman. This plant has been used traditionally for medical purposes to treat wounds, skin tanning, and sores. People use it as an antiseptic, especially women. However, this plant has not been studied in great detail, and there is no scientific proof to back up its traditional uses of it. The goal of this study was to examine the biological properties and phytochemical analysis of various extracts made from A. dhofarica leaves. The powdered leaves of A. dhofarica were extracted using the solvents ethanol (A1), methanol (A3), acetone (A5), and ethyl acetate (A8), yielding concentrations of 3, 0.3, and 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the active phytochemicals, were determined using standard methods. The proliferation potential and IC50 of human dermal fibroblasts were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, wound healing activity, and the inflammatory response to the extracts were all investigated. Our results revealed that the IC50 values for plant extracts A1, A3, A5, and A8 were 9.799 ± 0.07, 5.83 ± 0.9, 8.8 ± 0.12, and 3.98 ± 0.8 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts was observed at high concentrations (p <0.05). However, the lower concentration showed the least cytotoxic effect. For the inflammatory response, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-12p70 were upregulated, and IL-10 was downregulated significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control. For wound healing activity, 0.3 and 0.03 mg/ml of (A8) extract and 0.03 mg/ml of (A3) and (A5) extracts showed complete closure of the scratch after 72 hours of treatment. In this study, we noticed that A. dhofarica plant extracts with a lower concentration are the most effective at healing wounds and have a minimal cytotoxic effect.
Dual Polarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Multi-Band Functioning
Authors: Vijetha T. , Ramakrishna D. , Bharath K.
Published: July 2024

This work presents the development, fabrication, and measurements of a new Ultra-wideband sensing multi-band frequency reconfigurable MIMO Active Integrated Antenna (AIA). The proposed antenna has two frequency reconfigured (switching element PIN diodes) planar inverted F-shape antennas (PIFA) using meandered line (ML) structures and a Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna. The Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna is integrated with 2x2 MIMO Meandered line PIFA elements for spectrum sensing. PIN diodes (BAR 6402V) are used to provide all digital switching on/off combination modes to attain frequency reconfigurability. Varactor diodes are used for tuning over the wide band. The proposed antenna senses a wide frequency band from 0.5GHz-3GHz and provides frequency reconfigurability over the five bands based on BARP6402V switching modes (0.78GHz-1.01GHz, 1.34GHz-1.62GHz, 1.85GHz-2.18GHz, 2.44GHz-2.67GHz, and 2.76GHz-2.80GHz). All the measured resultant performance parameters are compared with simulation software results. The antenna system is fabricated on an FR4 substrate of size 120mmX65mmX1.6mm. The proposed method used to achieve frequency reconfigurable ultra-wideband MIMO provides a high gain 6.15dBi at a frequency of 1.75GHz. The research also analyzed and investigated all 2x2 MIMO resultant parameters like Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Isolation coefficient, Envelope correlation Coefficients (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Multiplexing efficiency, etc. The proposed antenna is applicable for sensing, communication, & UWB sensing, and cognitive radio (CR) applications since it exhibits stable excellent gain and Omni-directional radiation pattern over the desired bands. Because of its reconfigurable nature, the same antenna also supports use in multiple general-purpose applications like GPS tracing, LTE, UMTS, GSM1800, rescue operation, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/ISM/WLAN, CDMA, etc applications.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia and mindfulness-based stress reduction in nurses with insomnia: a non-inferiority internet delivered randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guo Wanran , Nazari Nabi , Sadeghi Masoud
Published: July 2024

Background

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder frequently comorbid with mental health conditions in nurses. Despite the effectiveness of evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), there is a critical need for alternative approaches. This study investigated whether internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction (IMBSR) for insomnia could be an alternative to internet-delivered CBT-I (ICBT-I).

Objective

The hypothesis was that the IMBSR would be noninferior to the ICBT-I in reducing the severity of insomnia among nurses with insomnia. Additionally, it was expected that ICBT-I would produce a greater reduction in the severity of insomnia and depression than IMBSR.

Method

Among 240 screened nurses, 134 with insomnia were randomly allocated (IMBSR, n = 67; ICBT-I, n = 67). The assessment protocol comprised clinical interviews and self-reported outcome measures, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 15-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-I).

Results

The retention rate was 55% with 77.6% (n = 104) of participants completing the study. At post-intervention, the noninferiority analysis of the ISI score showed that the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval was 4.88 (P = 0.46), surpassing the pre-specified noninferiority margin of 4 points. Analysis of covariance revealed that the ICBT-I group had significantly lower ISI (Cohen’s d = 1.37) and PHQ-9 (Cohen’s d = 0.71) scores than did the IMBSR group. In contrast, the IMBSR group showed a statistically significant increase in the FFMQ-15 score (Cohen’s d = 0.67). Within-group differences showed that both the IMBSR and ICBT-I were effective at reducing insomnia severity and depression severity and improving mindfulness.

Conclusion

Overall, nurses demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and adherence to both interventions. The IMBSR significantly reduced insomnia severity and depression, but the findings of this study do not provide strong evidence that the IMBSR is at least as effective as the ICBT-I in reducing insomnia symptoms among nurses with insomnia. The ICBT-I was found to be significantly superior to the IMBSR in reducing insomnia severity, making it a recommended treatment option for nurses with insomnia.
Evaluation of the facial profile of skeletal Class III patients undergoing camouflage orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Xiaobei , Tian Yuan , Guo Runzhi , Li Weiran , He Danqing , Sun Yannan
Published: July 2024

Objective

To identify objective metrics for evaluating the esthetics of facial profiles in skeletal Class III patients undergoing camouflage orthodontic treatment.

Methods

Eighty Asian–Chinese patients classified as skeletal Class III were included. Thirty cephalometric measurements of pre- and posttreatment cephalograms were analyzed. Ten orthodontists assigned visual analog scale (VAS) scores to the pre- and posttreatment profiles based on standardized lateral photographs. Correlations between subjective VAS scores and objective measurements were assessed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Lower incisor (L1) protrusion, nasolabial angle, lower lip-E line distance, SNB angle, and L1 to AP plane were significantly correlated with VAS scores of pretreatment profiles of skeletal Class III patients. Factors such as retraction of the lower incisor, increased interincisal angle and overjet, reduction of lower lip-E line distance, as well as augmentation of the Z angle and nasolabial angle were significantly correlated with the changes in VAS scores post-camouflage orthodontic treatment. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that pretreatment nasolabial angle, changes in the lower lip-E line distance, and pretreatment Pog-NB distance were the key factors influencing the posttreatment facial profile esthetics of skeletal Class III patients with camouflage orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion

Several cephalometric measurements correlate with subjective facial esthetic evaluations of skeletal Class III patients. Changes in lower lip prominence, the pretreatment nasolabial angle, and Pog-NB distance are the main factors related to facial esthetics in skeletal Class III patients after camouflage orthodontic treatment.
Surviving on a Shoestring: An In-depth Look into the Financial Realities of Public Junior High School Teachers
Authors: Jardinico III Evenizer C. , Bacaron Ana-Mae T. , Singson Jonas D. , Grande Jennie H. , Mijares Joecy Grace D. , Capanas Marifel B.
Published: July 2024

Public school teachers in the Philippines play a pivotal role in shaping the nation's future by imparting knowledge and nurturing young minds. However, despite their dedication and commitment, most of them face significant financial hardships, struggling to make ends meet while fulfilling their vital educational responsibilities. Thus, this qualitative phenomenological paper explored the lived experience of financially struggling public-school teachers, gaining an in-depth understanding of their financial realities. The data were gathered from the five (5) participants who were chosen using a purposeful sampling technique and determined using the following inclusion criteria: teachers earning an allowable minimum net pay of five thousand pesos (Php 5,000); engaging in secondary income-generating activities; at least 5 years in the service; and with family dependents. The data were collected utilizing the in-depth, semi-structured interview. Employing a thematic analysis by Moustakas, six (6) major themes emerged that highlighted the financial realities experienced by public junior high school teachers, namely: (1) Financial Struggles and Insufficient Support Systems; (2) The Dual Roles of Educators as Teachers and Earners; (3) The Toll of Financial Stress on Teachers' Well-being and Professional Performance; (4) Debt Trap: The Continuous Cycle of Borrowing and Repayment; (5) Financial Pressures and Sacrifices of Family Obligations; and (6) Boosting Teacher Financial Wellness: Strategies for Stability and Support. Hence, these findings underscore the urgent need for systemic reforms and financial literacy education, offering valuable insights for policymakers to enhance support for educators and improve the quality of education.
Optimization of Foliar Nutrition and Nipping for Quality of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L). Millsp.]
Authors: Kaggod Anuradha , Prasad S. Rajendra , Ramanappa T. M. , Thimmegowda M. N. , Parashivamurty  , Mudalagiriyappa
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted in red sandy clay loam soil at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif to know the influence of foliar nutrition and nipping on crop growth, seed yield and quality in pigeonpea. The experiment replicated six times in split plot design with treatments of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer (WSF)with three different concentration F0 (100% RDF), F1 (75% RDF + 25% WSF (19: 19:19), F2 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) in combination with nipping (N1) and no nipping (N0). The results revealed that seed quality parameters viz.,germination (85.75 %) mean seedling length (48.28 cm), mean seedling dry weight (47.33 mg), seedling vigour index-I (4137), seedling vigour index -II (4112), lower electrical conductivity (1.07 mS ppt-1), total dehydrogenase activity (3.30 A480nm) and  total soluble protein (23.19%) recorded higher in F2N1 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) + nipping) over control (81.42%, 44.59 cm, 41.67 mg seedling-1, 3724, 3346, 1.44 mS ppt-1, 2.22 A480nm, 20.22 %,) respectively.
Incidentally detected asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysm
Authors: Alur Ihsan ,   Private Egekent Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Denizli, Türkiye, Tanrisever Gokhan Yigit , Emrecan Bilgin ,   Düzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Düzce, Türkiye,   Private Egekent Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Denizli, Türkiye
Published: July 2024

Splenic artery aneurysm (SpAA) is the most common among visceral artery aneurysms and accounts for approximately 60% of visceral artery aneurysms. Generally, 80% of cases with SpAA are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea and intra-abdominal bleeding due to aneurysm rupture, hypotension and hemorrhagic shock. The most serious complication is aneurysm rupture and related complications. The most useful method for diagnosis is abdominal CT angiographic imaging. The treatment is mostly surgical, but in appropriate cases, endovascular intervention can also be applied. Medical follow-up can be performed in true splenic artery aneurysms less than 2 cm in diameter. In this article, we wanted to present a fifty-two-year-old female patient with an asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysm that was detected incidentally.
An investigation of the dose-dependent safety of bemiparin sodium: A cell culture study
Authors: Kubat Emre ,   University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye, Gurpinar Ozer Aylin , Demirkiran Tuna ,   Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Türkiye,   University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: July 2024

Aim: Fibroblasts are common cells in subcutaneous tissue and they have an important role on healing process. Although patients who are receiving first-generation low molecular weight heparins are more likely to experience skin responses, there is no study evaluating the effect of bemiparin sodium on subcutaneous fibroblasts following administration. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of bemiparin sodium on fibroblast cell viability in cell culture model. Material and Methods: The L929 cells were incubated for 12 hours in 96-well culture dishes. Fresh medium containing different concentrations of bemiparin was added in five different concentrations (Dilution I: 3,500 IU; Dilution II: 1,750 IU; Dilution III: 875 IU; Dilution IV: 437.5 IU; Dilution V: 218.75 IU). A control group was established with drug-free culture medium. Cell viability analysis was performed after 48 hours of incubation by the standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The change in cell morphology was examined at each dilution by direct and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Results: The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in dilution I compared to the control group (p<0.05). There is a clear deviation from the fibroblastic morphology of the cells in dilution I. The cells have a round morphology with degeneration and nuclear condensation. Conclusion: Although it seems that high doses of bemiparin may have a negative effect on fibroblast cells in subcutaneous tissue, it can be considered that the cytotoxic effects of high concentrations of the drug at the application site will not be clinically significant due to using a single dose per day.
Magnetotaxis and acquisition of detrital remanent magnetization by magnetotactic bacteria in natural sediment: First experimental results and theory
Authors: Mao Xuegang , Egli Ramon , Petersen Nikolai , Hanzlik Marianne , Zhao Xiangyu
Published: December 2013

The widespread occurrence of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) in several types of marine and freshwater sediment, and the role of fossil magnetosomes (magnetofossils) as main remanent magnetization carriers therein, has important paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental implications. Despite numerous studies on MTB biology and on magnetofossil preservation in geological records, no detailed information is yet available on how magnetotaxis (i.e., the ability to navigate along magnetic field lines) is performed in sedimentary environments, and on how magnetofossils possibly record the Earth magnetic field. We provide for the first time experimental evidence for these processes. MTB living in sediment are poorly aligned with the geomagnetic field, contrary to what is observed in water. This can explain the seemingly excessive magnetic moment of most MTB. The observed alignment is sufficient for supporting magnetotaxis across the typical thickness of chemical gradients. Experiments with magnetofossil‐rich sediment suggest that a natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is acquired by magnetofossils in the so‐called benthic mixed layer, where natural MTB populations usually occur. The acquired NRM is proportional to the applied field at least up to ∼160 µT, and its intensity is compatible with values observed in nature for same sediment types. Therefore, if fossil magnetosome chains are not subjected to further alteration by early diagenetic processes, they can provide useful relative paleointensities. We propose a preliminary model to explain early stages of magnetofossil NRM acquisition as the result of a dynamic equilibrium between magnetic torques and randomizing forces due to sediment mixing.
Interaction of the Faroe Bank Channel overflow with Iceland Basin intermediate waters
Authors: Ullgren Jenny E. , Fer Ilker , Darelius Elin , Beaird Nicholas
Published: December 2013

The narrow and deep Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) is an important pathway for cold, dense waters from the Nordic Seas to flow across the Iceland‐Scotland ridge into the North Atlantic. The swift, turbulent FBC overflow is associated with strong vertical mixing. Hydrographic profiles from a shipboard survey and two Slocum electric gliders deployed during a cruise in May–June 2012 show an intermediate water mass characterized by low salinity and low oxygen concentration between the upper waters of Atlantic origin and the dense overflow water. A weak low‐salinity signal originating north‐east of Iceland is discernible at the exit of the FBC, but smeared out by intense mixing. Further west (downstream) marked salinity and oxygen minima are found, which we hypothesize are indicators of a mixture of Labrador Sea Water and Intermediate Water from the Iceland Basin. Water mass characteristics vary strongly on short time scales. Low‐salinity, low‐oxygen water in the stratified interface above the overflow plume is shown to move along isopycnals toward the Iceland‐Faroe Front as a result of eddy stirring and a secondary, transverse circulation in the plume interface. The interaction of low‐salinity, low‐oxygen intermediate waters with the overflow plume already at a short distance downstream of the sill, here reported for the first time, affects the final properties of the overflow waters through entrainment and mixing.
Liquid Phase Heteroepitaxial Growth of Moisture‐Tolerant MOF‐5 Isotype Thin Films and Assessment of the Sorption Properties by Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Tu Min , Fischer Roland A.
Published: December 2013

The moisture‐tolerant metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) of formula [Zn4O(L)3]n (L = di‐substituted carboxypyrazolate derivatives) are fabricated as thin films on self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized gold substrates by employing the step‐by‐step liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) deposition method in a continuous operation mode. The in situ monitoring of the deposition by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction reveal different growth regimes and crystallinities of the obtained thin films in dependence of the chosen alkyl side chain functionality at the carboxypyrazolate linkers, L. To overcome the relatively poor crystallinity and low porosity of a particular homostructured metal‐organic framework type B film, the step‐by‐step heteroepitaxial growth of this MOF B on top of the crystallite surfaces of a well‐grown and lattice‐matched MOF type A is applied. This approach enables the fabrication of oriented, core‐shell‐like MOF B@A surface mounted heterocrystals as an intergrown homogeneous coating for the selective adsorption of volatile organic compounds. The accessible pore volumes of the individual components and the heterostructured films are characterized by performing adsorption measurements of different organic probe molecules using an environmentally controlled QCM instrument. The results show good adsorption capacity, excellent size exclusion selectivity for alcohols, and a high degree of moisture‐tolerance of the heteroepitaxial MOF films.
Fabrication of Highly Flexible, Scalable, and High‐Performance Supercapacitors Using Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film with Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Crystallinity
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Lee Choonghyeon , Jang Jyongsik
Published: December 2013

With developments in technology, tremendous effort has been devoted to produce flexible, scalable, and high‐performance supercapacitor electrode materials. This report presents a novel fabrication method of highly flexible and scalable electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors using solution‐processed polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid film. SEM, TEM, Raman, and XPS analyses show that the PANI/RGO film is successfully synthesized. The percentages of the PANI component in the film are controlled (88, 76, and 60%), and the maximum electrical conductivity (906 S cm−1) is observed at the PANI percentage of 76%. Notably, electrical conductivity of the PANI/RGO film (906 S cm−1) is larger than both PANI (580 S cm−1) and RGO (46.5 S cm−1) components. XRD analysis demonstrates that the strong π–π interaction between the RGO and the PANI cause more compact packing of the PANI chains by inducing more fully expanded conformation of the PANI chains in the solution, leading to increase in the electrical conductivity and crystallinity of the film. The PANI/RGO film also displays diverse advantages as a scalable and flexible electrode material (e.g., controllable size and great flexibility). During the electrochemical tests, the film exhibits high capacitance of 431 F g−1 with enhanced cycling stability.
Maximum‐likelihood maximum‐entropy constrained probability density function estimation for prediction of rare events
Authors: Ahooyi Taha Mohseni , Soroush Masoud , Arbogast Jeffrey E. , Seider Warren D. , Oktem Ulku G.
Published: December 2013

This work addresses the problem of estimating complete probability density functions (PDFs) from historical process data that are incomplete (lack information on rare events), in the framework of Bayesian networks. In particular, this article presents a method of estimating the probabilities of events for which historical process data have no record. The rare‐event prediction problem becomes more difficult and interesting, when an accurate first‐principles model of the process is not available. To address this problem, a novel method of estimating complete multivariate PDFs is proposed. This method uses the maximum entropy and maximum likelihood principles. It is tested on mathematical and process examples, and the application and satisfactory performance of the method in risk assessment and fault detection are shown. Also, the proposed method is compared with a few copula methods and a nonparametric kernel method, in terms of performance, flexibility, interpretability, and rate of convergence. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 60: 1013–1026, 2014
Magnetically induced agitation in liquid‐liquid‐magnetic nanoparticle emulsions: Potential for process intensification
Authors: Olivier Gravel , Pouya Hajiani , Faïçal Larachi
Published: December 2013

Microscopic mixing using magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) unveils exciting ramifications for process intensification in chemical engineering. This study explores the use of oil‐in‐water MNP emulsions to achieve mixing in a nonmagnetic continuous phase tantamount to that occurring in equivalent dilute ferrofluid suspensions. To assess the technique, measurements of the torque exerted by ferrofluid emulsions and suspensions of equal magnetic content were performed in rotating, oscillating, and static magnetic fields. Results show that momentum transfer is fairly alike in amplitude and proportionality for the two types of systems of equal magnetic content under the three types of magnetic fields. This implies that momentum of spinning nanoparticles in the emulsions is transferable to the oil droplets containing them which, in return is then transferred to surrounding nonmagnetic liquid. The magnitude of the resulting mixing allows for the foresight of a versatile MNP mixing technology completely separated from the target phase being mixed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1176–1181, 2014
An Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen with Efficient Luminescent Mechanochromism and Optical Waveguiding Properties
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhang Chuang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhao Yong Sheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2013

In this study, a yellow luminogen (TPE‐DCV) was synthesized by treating tetraphenylethene with two dicyanovinyl units. TPE‐DCV is non‐emissive in solution but becomes a strong emitter when aggregated in poor solvents or in the solid state, thereby displaying a phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission. The solid‐state emission of TPE‐DCV can be reversibly switched between green and yellow with a moderate contrast ratio by grinding and fuming or heating processes owing to the morphological change between thermodynamically stable crystalline phase and the metastable amorphous state and vice versa. Negligible reabsorption and well‐ordered molecular arrangement of the microcrystals of TPE‐DCV make them promising as optical waveguide materials with low optical loss.
Enzymatische Umsetzung von Flavonoiden mit einer bakteriellen Chalconisomerase und einer Enoatreduktase
Authors: Gall Mechthild , Thomsen Maren , Peters Christin , Pavlidis Ioannis V. , Jonczyk Patrick , Grünert Philipp P. , Beutel Sascha , Scheper Thomas , Gross Egon , Backes Michael , Geißler Torsten , Ley Jakob P. , Hilmer Jens‐Michael , Krammer Gerhard , Palm Gottfried J. , Hinrichs Winfried , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: December 2013

Flavonoide stellen eine große Gruppe pflanzlicher Sekundärmetabolite dar und haben eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher biologischer Eigenschaften. Aufgrund dessen stehen sie im Interesse vieler Wissenschaftler, da sie zu vielen industriell interessanten Verbindungen führen können. Das anaerobe Darmbakterium Eubacterium ramulus kann über einen bislang unbekannten Abbauweg diese Flavonoide verstoffwechseln. Über eine Vollgenom‐Sequenzierung wurden in dieser Arbeit die entscheidenden Enzyme, eine Chalconisomerase (CHI) und eine Enoatreduktase (ERED), identifiziert, kloniert und funktionell sogar unter aeroben Bedingungen exprimiert. Mittels Biotransformation des Flavanons zum Dihydrochalcon konnte der Flavonoid‐Abbauweg bewiesen werden. Der beide Enzyme exprimierende E.‐coli‐Stamm kann für die Umsetzung verschiedener Flavanone eingesetzt werden. Dies unterstreicht die Anwendbarkeit des in dieser Arbeit entwickelten biokatalytischen Systems.
Catalytic Enantioselective Amination of Alcohols by the Use of Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology: Cooperative Catalysis by Iridium and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lim Ching‐Si , Sim Derek Sui Boon , Pan Hui‐Jie , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2013

The catalytic asymmetric reduction of ketimines has been explored extensively for the synthesis of chiral amines, with reductants ranging from Hantzsch esters, silanes, and formic acid to H2 gas. Alternatively, the amination of alcohols by the use of borrowing hydrogen methodology has proven a highly atom economical and green method for the production of amines without an external reductant, as the alcohol substrate serves as the H2 donor. A catalytic enantioselective variant of this process for the synthesis of chiral amines, however, was not known. We have examined various transition‐metal complexes supported by chiral ligands known for asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, in combination with chiral Brønsted acids, which proved essential for the formation of the imine intermediate and the transfer‐hydrogenation step. Our studies led to an asymmetric amination of alcohols to provide access to a wide range of chiral amines with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
Metal Oxide‐Coated Three‐Dimensional Graphene Prepared by the Use of Metal–Organic Frameworks as Precursors
Authors: Cao Xiehong , Zheng Bing , Rui Xianhong , Shi Wenhui , Yan Qingyu , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2013

A simple method for the preparation of metal‐oxide‐coated three‐dimensional (3D) graphene composites was developed. The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that served as the precursors of the metal oxides were first synthesized on the 3D graphene networks (3DGNs). The desired metal oxide/3DGN composites were then obtained by a two‐step annealing process. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the obtained ZnO/3DGN and Fe2O3/3DGN materials were used in a photocatalytic reaction and a lithium‐ion battery, respectively. We believe this method could be extended to the synthesis of other metal oxide/3DGN composites with 3D structures simply through the appropriate choice of specific MOFs as precursors.
Hybrid‐Protein‐Zymogene durch Selbstorganisation dendritischer Schutzgruppen
Authors: Ng David Y. W. , Arzt Matthias , Wu Yuzhou , Kuan Seah Ling , Lamla Markus , Weil Tanja
Published: December 2013

Die Steuerung der Aktivität und Zellaufnahme in Abhängigkeit von physiologischen Veränderungen stellt eine wesentliche Eigenschaft von intelligenten Proteintherapeutika dar. Wir beschreiben die Selbstorganisation einer pH‐schaltbaren PAMAM‐Dendrimerhülle auf der Oberfläche von katalytisch aktiven Enzymen (Trypsin, Papain, DNase I), die unter Bildung eines Dendrimer‐Enzym‐Komplexes als supramolekulare Schutzgruppe wirkt. Die Selbstorganisation basiert auf einer pH‐abhängigen Wechselwirkung, die es dem Komplex ermöglicht, reversibel auf pH‐Änderungen im Bereich von pH 5.0 bis 7.4 zu reagieren. In Gegenwart der Dendrimerhülle ist das Enzym inaktiv, während unter sauren Bedingungen durch Abspaltung der Dendrimerhülle die katalytische Aktivität vollständig wiederhergestellt wird. Im Unterschied zu den nativen Proteasen werden die Hybrid‐Protein‐Zymogene effizient in A549‐Zellen aufgenommen. In den sauren Zellkompartimenten erfolgt die programmierte Freisetzung der Proteasen, welche zelltoxisch wirken.
A Chaperonin as Protein Nanoreactor for Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Renggli Kasper , Nussbaumer Martin G. , Urbani Raphael , Pfohl Thomas , Bruns Nico
Published: December 2013

The group II chaperonin thermosome (THS) from the archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum is reported as nanoreactor for atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A copper catalyst was entrapped into the THS to confine the polymerization into this protein cage. THS possesses pores that are wide enough to release polymers into solution. The nanoreactor favorably influenced the polymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol)methylether acrylate. Narrowly dispersed polymers with polydispersity indices (PDIs) down to 1.06 were obtained in the protein nanoreactor, while control reactions with a globular protein–catalyst conjugate only yielded polymers with PDIs above 1.84.
Enzymatic Conversion of Flavonoids using Bacterial Chalcone Isomerase and Enoate Reductase
Authors: Gall Mechthild , Thomsen Maren , Peters Christin , Pavlidis Ioannis V. , Jonczyk Patrick , Grünert Philipp P. , Beutel Sascha , Scheper Thomas , Gross Egon , Backes Michael , Geißler Torsten , Ley Jakob P. , Hilmer Jens‐Michael , Krammer Gerhard , Palm Gottfried J. , Hinrichs Winfried , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: December 2013

Flavonoids are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of biological properties and are therefore of interest to many scientists, as they can lead to industrially interesting intermediates. The anaerobic gut bacterium Eubacterium ramulus can catabolize flavonoids, but until now, the pathway has not been experimentally confirmed. In the present work, a chalcone isomerase (CHI) and an enoate reductase (ERED) could be identified through whole genome sequencing and gene motif search. These two enzymes were successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli in their active form, even under aerobic conditions. The catabolic pathway of E. ramulus was confirmed by biotransformations of flavanones into dihydrochalcones. The engineered E. coli strain that expresses both enzymes was used for the conversion of several flavanones, underlining the applicability of this biocatalytic cascade reaction.