bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIKALISME AGAMA: Dekonstruksi Tafsir Ayat-Ayat “Kekerasan” Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Abdillah Junaidi
Published: May 2017

Berbagai aksi radikalisme atas nama agama dalam dunia Islam memberikan kesan seakan-akan mewajibkan pemeluknya untuk melakukan kekerasan dalam menyelesaikan setiap persoalan sehingga memunculkan opini bahwa agama Islam identik dengan kekerasan. Di dalam al-Qur’an, pengertian jihad fi sabilillah sebenarnya lebih menekankan pada upaya atau perjuangan meningkatkan ibadah semata-mata karena Allah dan bukan untuk kepentingan yang lain. Al-Qur’an memang memperbolehkan tindak kekerasan tetapi pada saat tertentu dan dengan persyaratan yang sangat ketat sekali serta sangat dipengaruhi aspek kesejerahan ketika ayat-ayat tersebut diturunkan. Al-Qur’an sama sekali tidak mengijinkan tindakan kekerasan apalagi terorisme atas nama Tuhan. Tulisan ini bermaksud melakukan dekonstruksi tafsir ayat-ayat yang ditengarai memicu aksi radikalisme dengan menggunakan paradigma kualitatif eksploratif berupaya mengeksplorasi, memahami dan menafsirkan ayat-ayat tersebut.
POTRET PEMIKIRAN RADIKAL JARINGAN ISLAM LIBERAL (JIL) INDONESIA
Authors: Idris Muh.
Published: May 2017

Jaringan Islam Liberal adalah salah satu lokomotif yang menggerakan tata nilai pemikiran keagamaan yang menekankan pada pemahaman Islam yang terbuka, toleran, inklusif dan kontekstual. Di Indonesia penyebaran Islam liberal telah berlangsung sejak awal tahun 70-an dan sejak tahun 2001, sejumlah aktivis dan intelektual muda Islam memulai penyebaran gagasan Islam liberal secara lebih terorganisir. Jaringan Islam Liberal mencoba membangun dan mengembangkan suasana beragama yang transformatif dan inklusif, menampakkan signifikansinya untuk selalu “dilirik” oleh komunitas umat. Melalui pemahaman keagamaan yang holistik dan pola keagamaan yang inklusif, umat Islam diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan krisis kemanusiaan, serta menjadikan modernitas sebagai proses yang memberikan manfaat sebesar-besarnya bagi manusia.
MEMAHAMI AGAMA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ESOTERIK
Authors: Ikbal M.
Published: May 2017

Artikel ini memperkenalkan aspek esoterik dalam memandang dan memahami hakekat agama. Pendekatan ini penulis tawarkan mengingat kekeliruan persepsi terhadap agama umumnya disebabkan karena agama hanya dilihat dari aspek eksoteris saja. Akibatnya, orang cenderung menghakimi dengan mengatakan bahwa suatu agama tertentu adalah benar dan yang lainnya adalah salah. Kecenderungan semacam ini pada gilirannya akan memunculkan sikap eksklusif di kalangan penganut agama dan tidak jarang pada akhirnya memicu konflik antar umat beragama.
A HUMANISTIC PHYLOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS ON WOMEN EXISTENCE IN THE FIQIH OF SYAFII
Authors: Nur Iffatin
Published: May 2017

Artikel ini mengkaji kedudukan kaum wanita dalam fiqh Imam Syafi’i. Untuk itu, beberapa karya besar Imam Syafi’i seperti Kitab al-Umm, al-Risalah fi Ushul al-Fiqh, Qaul Qadim dan Qaul Jadid ditelaah secara mendalam dengan menggunakan pendekatan filsafat Humanis. Semangat pemberdayaan kaum perempuan yang menampakan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dalam karya al-Syafi’i dapat ditemukan baik dalam aspek metodologi (ushul Fiqh) maupun pada produk hukum (Fiqh) yang dihasilkan oleh beliau. Dalam aspek metodologi, pengembangan prinsip-prinsip Maslahah Mursalah yang mengacu pada kepentingan masyarakat luas merupakan suatu indikasi bahwa nilai-nilai kemanusiaan menjadi bahan pertimbangan utama dalam mengeluarkan suatu produk hukum.
KEMISKINAN, PEREMPUAN DAN AGAMA
Authors: Taufik Taufik
Published: May 2017

Kemiskinan telah menjadi persoalan serius yang dihadapi masyarakat kontemporer. Problem ini seringkali menempatkan kaum perempuan pada posisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Pada satu sisi, perempuan dituntut untuk berperan di semua sektor, namun di lain sisi muncul tuntutan agar perempuan tidak melupakan ”kodratnya” sebagai perempuan. Artikel ini mencoba mengulas peran agama dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan dan ketertindasan perempuan. Mengingat agama memiliki seperangkat nilai dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam menggerakkan spirit perubahan sekaligus pemberdayaan bagi kaum perempuan.
KONSEP ‘IRFAN DALAM SAJAK-SAJAK IMAM KHOMEINI
Authors: Putra Andi Eka
Published: May 2017

Imam Khomeini (1902 M—1989 M) adalah sosok sufi yang produktif yang banyak menulis buku-buku bertema ‘irfan. Ia menggunakan istilah ‘irfan, bukan tasawuf, karena dalam mazhab Syi’ah istilah ‘irfan lebih populer ketimbang tasawuf. Sejak usia muda Imam Khomeini sudah menulis dan mengamalkan ajaran sufi. Pemikirannya tentang ‘irfan banyak dituangkan dalam bentuk sajak sufistik. Sajak merupakan media bagi Imam Khomeini untuk menyampaikan kerinduannya kepada Allah. Jenis ‘irfan dalam pandangan Imam Khomeini cenderung simbolik dan menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan filosofis. ‘Irfan dan filsafat dalam pandangan Imam Khomeini tidak terpisah. Bahkan jika dikelompokkan, maka model ‘irfan Imam Khomeini adalah ‘irfan atau tasawuf falsafi.
Efek Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) pada Ekspresi Telomerase dari Kanker Payudara Tikus yang Diinduksi dengan DMBA
Authors: Sastyarina Yurika , Khotib Junaidi , Sukardiman Sukardiman
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, 7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA),  plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. Present study was designed to investigate the influence of Andrographis paniculata extract on telomerase activities on DMBA induced breast cancer in the female rat Sprague Dawley strain. DMBA-induced mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week by oral DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight. Mammary cancer occurred in 75 % animals nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compare with normal control F(1.8) = 731.711; p < 0.001. This study was also designed to investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract mammary carcinoma induced by DMBA. Administration of three different dose of Andrographis paniculata (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) had statistically different with mammary gland volume of DMBA treated rat F (4.17) = 92.777; p<0.05. So, Andrographis paniculata has significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells were harvested on day 90 and stained with routine histology staining, hematoxylineosin, for morphological qualitative analysis, immunohistochemical examination. The lesions observed from the removed samples ranged widely from benign to malignant. The results showed that DMBA induce cell proliferation, nuclear irregularities, and numerous mitoses and induced cell necrosis. The effect of Andrographis paniculata inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. On immunohistochemical examination, it shows that Andrographis paniculata can stimulate of telomerase enzyme.

 

Key word: Andrographis paniculata, DMBA, mammary cancer, cell proliferation

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Telah dilakukan penelitian efek ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) pada ekspresi telomerase terhadap kanker payudara tikus betina (Sprague dawley) yang diinduksi dengan 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) menggunakan metode imunohistokimia. Diketahui model kanker payudara dengan induksi DMBA untuk menginvestigasi perubahan dari sel epitel yang terjadi selama prorses karsinogenesis kanker payudara. Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto pada tikus yang mengalami kanker payudara menyebabkan penurunan volume tumor dan ditinjau dari aspek hispatologi dan imunohistokimia adanya ekstrak sambiloto menyebabkan penghambatan proliferasi sel, penurunan ekspresi telomerase dan meningkatkan apoptosis.

 

Kata Kunci : Andrographis paniculata,DMBA, kanker payudara, proliferasi sel
Bioaktivitas Biji Kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypty
Authors: Rijai Laode
Published: May 2017

ABCTRACT
 
Kolowe seed (Chydenanthus excelsus) bioactivity against Aedes aegypti masquito larvae was investegated. Assay of Kolowe seed preparation used fresh seed powder, dry powder, rough extract (methanol extract), n- butanol extract fraction, and aethyl acetate extract fraction. Plant material taken from Kamaru, Buton, Indonesia on March 2007. Fresh powder bioactivity (LC50 = 230.60 ppm); dry powder (LC50 = 225.55 ppm); rough extract/ methanol (LC50 = 245.70 ppm); n- butanol extract fraction (LC50 = 235.75 ppm); aethyl acetate extract fraction (LC50 = 250.55 ppm). The research results illustrated that the bioactivity seed from kolowe strong enough against mosquito larvae A. aegypti and dry powder has a stronger bioactivity than the other.
 
Keywords : Kolowe Seed (Chydenanthus excelsus), Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae
 
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penelitian bioaktivitas biji kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti telah dilakukan. Sediaan biji kolowe yang diuji adalah serbuk biji segar, serbuk kering, ekstrak kasar (ekstrak metanol), ekstrak fraksi n-butanol, dan ekstrak fraksi etilasestat. Bahan tumbuhan diambil dari Kamaru, Buton, Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2007. Bioaktivitas serbuk segar (LC50 = 230,60 ppm); serbuk kering (LC50 = 225,55 ppm); ekstrak kasar/metanol (LC50 = 245,70ppm); ekstrak fraksi n-butanol (LC50 = 235,75 ppm); ekstrak fraksi etilasetat (LC50 = 250,55 ppm). Hasil penelitian tersebut menggambarkan bahwa bioaktivitas biji kolowe cukup kuat terhadap larva nyamuk A. aegypti dan serbuk kering memiliki bioaktivitas lebih kuat dari lainnya.
 
Kata Kunci: Biji Kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus), larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Aktivitas Antibakteri Tumbuhan Prinjak (Aleurites moluccana (L.)) terhadap Bakteri Salmonella thyposa dan Vibrio cholera
Authors: Ibrahim Arsyik
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

A research which antibacterial activity test from Prinjak plant (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd  to several pathogens bacterial, which aims to determine the antibacterial activity of bark prinjak (A. moluccana L.) against bacteria Salmonella thyposa and Vibrio cholerae. Extracts used is crude methanol extract. Examination of antibacterial with Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) method, and followed by agar diffusion method with using paper disks. ANOVA analisis test it is obtained very significant results, followed by BNJ advanced test, BNJ test obtained the best concentration is 1.75 % results of the bacteria Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae thiposa.

 

Key words: A. moluccana  L. Willd, antibacterial activity, S. thiposa, V.cholera

 

ABSTRAK

 

Telah dilakukan penelitian Aktivitas Antibakteri Tumbuhan Prinjak (Aleurites moluccana (L.) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kulit batang prinjak (A. moluccana  (L.) Willd., terhadap bakteri Salmonella thyposa dan Vibrio cholera. Ekstrak yang digunakan adalah ekstrak kasar metanol. Metode uji yang digunakan adalah uji Daya Bunuh Minimum (KBM), dan dilanjutkan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan paper disk. Hasil analsisis uji ANOVA aktivitas antibakteri diperoleh hasil yang sangat signifikan, dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan BNJ, hasil uji BNJ diperoleh konsentrasi terbaik adalah 1,75% terhadap bakteri Salmonella thiposa dan Vibrio cholera. 

 

   Kata kunci: A. moluccana  L. Willd, aktivitas  antibakteri, S. thiposa, V.cholera
Isolasi Antioksidan Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry) Asal Papua
Authors: Ahmad Islamudin , Lestari Risna
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

Research about active antioxidant compounds isolated from plants ant nests (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry) from Papua by the method of column chromatography has been done. This study aimed to explore the isolation of the active class of compounds as antioxidants from ant nest plant. Isolates obtained using the method of column chromatography and antioxidant activity of the ant nest plants isolates tested used spraying method with free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) after eluted on thin-layer chromatography. At separation by column chromatography, eluate collected in vials with a volume of 10 ml. Based on the results of fractionation, separation of the components obtained by 74 vials. Identification using TLC by determining the Rf value of each component. The same Rf value is considered as a single fraction. Based on the results obtained seven fractions TLC. Active isolates (F6) obtained by spraying. The results of fraction of spot with DPPH staining showed that the isolates was considered the most active isolates as seen from the formation of a yellow color that is lighter and more dominant than the other fractions, this indicates that the fraction (F6) binds more free radicals (DPPH).

 

Key words: antioxidant, isolates, Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl).

 

ABSTRAK

 

Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi senyawa aktif antioksidan dari tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry) asal Papua dengan metode kromatografi kolom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari isolat golongan senyawa yang aktif sebagai antioksidan dari tumbuhan sarang semut. Isolat diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom dan aktivitas antioksidan isolate sarang semut diuji menggunakan metode penyemprotan dengan radikal bebas DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) setelah dielusi pada kromatografi lapis tipis. Pada pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom, eluat ditampung dalam vial dengan volume 10 ml. Berdasarkan hasil fraksinasi, diperoleh komponen hasil pemisahan sebanyak 74 vial. Identifikasi menggunakan KLT dengan cara menentukan nilai Rf masing-masing komponen. Nilai Rf yang sama dianggap sebagai satu fraksi. Berdasarkan hasil KLT di dapatkan 7 fraksi. Isolat  aktif (F6) yang diperoleh dengan penyemprotan. Hasil pewarnaan spot fraksi dengan DPPH menunjukan bahwa isolat yang dianggap paling aktif adalah isolat yang dilihat dari terbentuknya warna kuning yang lebih terang dan lebih dominan dibanding fraksi yang lainnya, ini menandakan bahwa fraksi (F6) lebih banyak mengikat radikal bebas (DPPH).

 

Kata kunci: antioksidan, isolat, Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl).
Potensi Biji Kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus) Sebagai Pisisidal
Authors: Rijai Laode
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
 
Kolowe seeds (C. excelsus) has strong potential as piscicidal. Research conducted on the potential piscicidal bioindikator swamp eel fish (Synbranchus bengalensis Mc.Cllel), which is one of the pests in shrimp ponds. The piscicidal test results of kolowe seeds to S.bengalensis fish are fresh seed powder (LC50 = 305, 50 ppm); dry powder (LC50 = 315.35 ppm); crude methanol extract (LC50 = 345.20 ppm); frakasi n-Butanol extract (LC50 = 265.85) and the fraction of ethylacetate extract (LC50 = 650.90). The results are quite robust and selective as the most dominant secondary metabolites are saponins.
 
Key words: C. excelsus, Piscicidal
 
ABSTRAK
 
Biji kolowe (C. excelsus) memiliki potensi yang kuat sebagai pisisidal. Penelitian potensi pisisidal dilakukan terhadap bioindikator ikan belut rawa (Synbranchus bengalensis Mc.Cllel) yang merupakan salah satu hama pada tambak udang. Hasil uji pisisidal biji kolowe terhadap ikan S.bengalensis tersebut adalah serbuk biji segar (LC50 = 305, 50 ppm); serbuk kering (LC50 = 315,35 ppm); ekstrak kasar metanol (LC50 = 345,20 ppm); ekstrak frakasi n-Butanol (LC50 = 265,85); dan esktrak fraksi etilasetat (LC50 = 650,90). Hasil penelitian tersebut cukup kuat dan selektif karena metabolit sekunder paling dominan adalah saponin.
 
Kata Kunci: Biji C. excelsus, pisisidal
Analisis Kandungan Garam Gunung Asal Krayan Kabupaten Nunukan Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Herman Herman , Rusli Rolan
Published: May 2017

Has been studied composition of mountain salt from Krayan, Nunukan, East Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the composition of the minerals contained in the  mountain salt. Mountain salt is obtained from wells Krayan District residents were further prepared for analysis using a technique using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), further by looking at the pattern of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Based on the results obtained AAS has identified mineral deposits include: Na, K, Mg, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ba, and Sr. From the results of XRD shows that the main peak of the salt Krayan shows major peaks for NaCl crystals with impurities such as KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and AlCl3. SEM observation showed that morphology of Krayan salt have cube shape which is the shape of NaCl crystals with space group Fm3m and lattice parameter (a) 5.620 Ã…
Keywords : Mountain Salt, krayan, AAS, XRD, SEM
 
Abstrak
Telah dilakukan penelitian analisis kandungan garam gunung asal Krayan Kabupaten Nunukan Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi mineral yang terkandung dalam garam gunung. Garam gunung diperoleh dari sumur warga Kecamatan Krayan yang selanjutnya dipreparasi untuk dianalisis dengan menggunakan menggunakan teknik Spektrometer Serapan Atom (SSA), selanjutnya dengan melihat pola Difraksi Sinar X (XRD), dan Scanning Elektron Microscopy (SEM). Berdasarkan hasil SSA telah diidentifikasi diperoleh kandungan mineral antara lain: Na, K, Mg, Al, Cu,  Zn, Fe, Ba, dan Sr. Dari hasil XRD terlihat bahwa puncak utama dari  garam krayan tersebut menunjukkan puncak utama untuk Kristal NaCl, dengan impurities antara lain KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, dan AlCl3. Selain itu hal ini didukung pula oleh pengamatan SEM, bahwa morfologi SEM garam krayan memperlihatkan bentuk kristal kubus yang merupakan  bentuk dari  Kristal NaCl  dengan  grup ruang  Fm3m  dengan panjang  kisi kristal 5,620 Ã….
Kata Kunci : Garam Gunung, Krayan, SSA, XRD,SEM
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NOS CONTEÚDOS DE ECOLOGIA DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Freire Laísa Maria , Dos Santos Ana Paula Neves , Miceli Bianca Sarpa
Published: May 2017

O conhecimento ecológico é indispensável ao enfrentamento de problemas ambientais contudo, na sua relação com a Educação Ambiental (EA) tem sido alvo de críticas. Além disso, o livro didático (LD) tem histórica influência na seleção e organização dos conteúdos e métodos de ensino influenciando o trabalho do professor. Deste modo, buscamos olhar para os textos presentes em LD escolares do ensino médio e identificar onde e como a questão ambiental está apresentada; identificar temas ambientais presentes nos conteúdos de Ecologia e o tipo de abordagem da EA nos textos selecionados. Foram analisados dois LD do ensino médio a partir de análises de conteúdo. Caracterizamos as unidades de Ecologia nos livros e selecionamos dois textos complementares presentes no LD1 e um texto principal presente do LD2 para a análise de conteúdo e inferência sobre as abordagens da EA presentes no material. Os três textos selecionados foram escolhidos por terem um eixo comum “consumo”.  Os resultados mostraram que os temas ambientais estão presentes nos LD, embora a maior parte esteja inserida em um “texto complementar” sendo apresentado como uma informação extra. Observou-se que vários textos presentes no livro se situam em macrotendências conservacionistas da EA, além de apresentar uma visão utilitarista, pragmática onde a natureza é vista apenas como uma fonte de recursos para o ser humano. Conclui-se que, embora as questões ambientais se façam presentes nos LD, a forma com que esses temas são apresentados compromete a formação de cidadãos ambiental e socialmente conscientes.
Uma sequência didática para trabalhar a Educação Ambiental Crítica com alunos das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: MULINE LEONARDO SALVALAIO , CAMPOS CARLOS ROBERTO PIRES
Published: May 2017

Atividades voltadas para o ensino fundamental nas séries iniciais, as quais podem despertar no educando o interesse e a participação social, revelam-se como basilares na incorporação de novas atitudes no cotidiano dos alunos. Logo, materiais didático-pedagógicos que auxiliem o educador a trabalhar os temas de Educação Ambiental de maneira lúdica são fundamentais dentro do ambiente escolar. Desenvolvemos uma sequência didática, baseada nos três momentos pedagógicos propostos por Delizoicov et al (2011), para o trabalho dos temas ambientais da perspectiva crítica. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em uma turma do quinto ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Serra (ES). Trata-se de um estudo de práticas pedagógicas, desenvolvido com abordagem qualitativa, construído a partir de observações dos autores dentro de uma perspectiva fenomenológica. Quanto aos objetivos fixados, temos ciência de que alcançamos quando buscamos mostrar para os educadores a necessidade de se trabalhar a Educação Ambiental de forma crítica e comprometida com a realidade do aluno e, ainda, com atividades que instiguem no educando a participação e o senso de pertencimento, quando ofertamos, principalmente, a tarde de jogos e as palestras para os debates dos temas relevantes na atualidade sobre a questão proposta.
LIGAÇÕES ENTRE O ENSINO DE GINÁSTICA ARTÍSTICA ESCOLAR E O DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR DE CRIANÇAS: UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Vinciprova Chiesse de Andrade Thais , Da Silva Rocha Érica Cristina , Paraíso Alves Marcelo , Vinciprova Fonseca Maria Da Conceição
Published: May 2017

Em virtude de novas tecnologias e mudanças que estão acompanhando a contemporaneidade, a falta de atividade física e estímulos motores estão cada vez mais comuns. Isso torna o papel do professor de Educação Física ainda mais importante, visto que muitos alunos são quase exclusivamente estimulados a práticas orientadas de exercícios físicos durante a aula de Educação Física Escolar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir a contribuição da Ginástica Artística (GA) para o desenvolvimento motor da criança no Ensino Fundamental – anos iniciais. A metodologia é composta de uma a revisão bibliográfica, onde buscamos artigos, livros, sites, anais de eventos relacionados ao tema e dissertações e teses que defendem a proposta do mesmo. O estudo é relevante na medida em que procura discutir a Ginástica Artística como colaboradora no processo de desenvolvimento motor da criança, oportunizando outro enfoque à modalidade, na maioria das vezes vista como um esporte de alto nível e difícil acesso, sendo quase inexistente na escola. Um segundo aspecto a ser ressaltado é a falta de estudos e publicações sobre a GA, o que dificulta o aprimoramento de profissionais interessados em atuar na modalidade. É possível perceber que a Ginástica Artística possui características próprias que podem servir para aumentar os estímulos motores e desafiar o aluno a buscar mais, sendo uma boa opção de conteúdo para o Ensino fundamental – anos iniciais. Fazendo uma análise das habilidades motoras que devem ser desenvolvidas nessa fase escolar, identificamos uma relação direta das mesmas com as atividades desenvolvidas na Ginástica Artística.
Pesquisa Científica no Curso de Enfermagem: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Pereira , Silva Ilda Cecília Moreira da , Albuquerque Gabriela Girão
Published: May 2017

O curso de enfermagem vem buscando modificar o perfil do profissional, através de uma formação técnica, científica, crítica e reflexiva por intermédio da pesquisa científica. Porém, parte desses alunos são desestimulados ao realizar essa atividade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo buscar evidências cientificas sobre a percepção do aluno de enfermagem acerca da pesquisa científica. Utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão integrativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em bases de dados na área da saúde e os descritores utilizados foram: estudantes de enfermagem e pesquisa em enfermagem. Foram encontrados 15 artigos. Percebeu-se que os alunos entendem a importância da pesquisa científica na formação e no desenvolvimento acadêmico e profissional. A falta de integração entre instituições de ensino superior e os serviços de saúde foi apontada como dificuldade para realização e elaboração de pesquisas cientificas. As instituições de ensino superior, as atividades de extensão e o apoio docente foram apontados como essenciais no estímulo do aluno ao ato constante da pesquisa. Considera-se a necessidade da mudança do perfil do professor para melhor desenvolvimento do aluno e a busca por metodologias e instrumentos para o estímulo do estudo e do desenvolvimento da prática em questão. Além disso, melhor integração ensino com os serviços de saúde.Palavras-chave:  Estudantes de Enfermagem, Pesquisa Científica, Metodologia.
On the decay rate of solutions of the Bresse system with Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law
Authors: Khader Maisa , Said-Houari Belkacem
Published: May 2017

We consider the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional Bresse system coupled with the heat conduction, wherein the latter is described by the Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law. We study the decay properties of the solution using the energy method in the Fourier space (to build an appropriate Lyapunov functional) accompanied with some integral estimates. In fact we prove that the dissipation induced by the heat conduction is very weak and produces very slow decay rates. In addition in some cases, those decay rates are of regularity-loss type. Also, we prove that there is a number (depending on the parameters of the system) that controls the decay rate of the solution and the regularity assumptions on the initial data. In addition, we show that in the absence of the frictional damping, the memory damping term is not strong enough to produce a decay rate for the solution. In fact, we show in this case, despite the fact that the energy is still dissipative, the solution does not decay at all. This result improves and extends several results, such as those in Appl. Math. Optim. ( 2016 ), to appear, Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 18(4) ( 2016 ), 1550045, Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 38(17) ( 2015 ), 3642–3652 and others.
On characterizations of randomized computation using plain Kolmogorov complexity
Authors: Hirahara Shuichi , Kawamura Akitoshi
Published: May 2017

Allender, Friedman, and Gasarch recently proved an upper bound of [Formula: see text] for the class [Formula: see text] of decidable languages that are polynomial-time truth-table reducible to the set of prefix-free Kolmogorov-random strings regardless of the universal machine used in the definition of Kolmogorov complexity. It is conjectured that [Formula: see text] in fact lies closer to [Formula: see text], a lower bound established earlier by Buhrman, Fortnow, Koucký, and Loff. It is also conjectured that we have similar bounds for the analogous class [Formula: see text] defined by plain Kolmogorov randomness. In this paper, we provide further evidence for these conjectures. First, we show that the time-bounded analogue of [Formula: see text] sits between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Next, we show that the class [Formula: see text] obtained from [Formula: see text] by imposing a super-constant minimum query length restriction on the reduction lies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally, we show that the class [Formula: see text] obtained by further restricting the reduction to ask queries of logarithmic length lies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Functional Characterization of C-terminal Ryanodine Receptor 1 Variants Associated with Central Core Disease or Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: Parker Remai , Schiemann Anja H. , Langton Elaine , Bulger Terasa , Pollock Neil , Bjorksten Andrew , Gillies Robyn , Hutchinson David , Roxburgh Richard , Stowell Kathryn M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Central core disease and malignant hyperthermia are human disorders of skeletal muscle resulting from aberrant Ca2+ handling. Most malignant hyperthermia and central core disease cases are associated with amino acid changes in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the skeletal muscle Ca2+-release channel. Malignant hyperthermia exhibits a gain-of-function phenotype, and central core disease results from loss of channel function. For a variant to be classified as pathogenic, functional studies must demonstrate a correlation with the pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia or central core disease.

Objective: We assessed the pathogenicity of four C-terminal variants of the ryanodine receptor using functional analysis. The variants were identified in families affected by either malignant hyperthermia or central core disease.

Methods: Four variants were introduced separately into human cDNA encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Following transient expression in HEK-293T cells, functional studies were carried out using calcium release assays in response to an agonist. Two previously characterized variants and wild-type skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor were used as controls.

Results: The p.Met4640Ile variant associated with central core disease showed no difference in calcium release compared to wild-type. The p.Val4849Ile variant associated with malignant hyperthermia was more sensitive to agonist than wild-type but did not reach statistical significance and two variants (p.Phe4857Ser and p.Asp4918Asn) associated with central core disease were completely inactive.

Conclusions: The p.Val4849Ile variant should be considered a risk factor for malignant hyperthermia, while the p.Phe4857Ser and p.Asp4918Asn variants should be classified as pathogenic for central core disease.
A weighted difference of L1 and L2 on the gradient minimization based on alternating direction method for circular computed tomography
Authors: Lu Wanli , Li Lei , Cai Ailong , Zhang Hanming , Wang Linyuan , Yan Bin
Published: May 2017

Iterative reconstruction algorithms for computed tomography (CT) through total variation (TV) regularization can provide accurate and stable reconstruction results. TV minimization is the L1-norm of gradient-magnitude images and can be regarded as a convex relaxation method to replace the L0 norm. In this study, a fast and efficient algorithm, which is named a weighted difference of L1 and L2 ( L1 -  αL2) on the gradient minimization, was proposed and investigated. The new algorithm provides a better description of sparsity for the optimization-based algorithms than TV minimization algorithms. The alternating direction method is an efficient method to solve the proposed model, which is utilized in this study. Both simulations and real CT projections were tested to verify the performances of the proposed algorithm. In the simulation experiments, the reconstructions from the proposed method provided better image quality than TV minimization algorithms with only 7 views in 180 degrees, which is also computationally faster. Meanwhile, the new algorithm enabled to achieve the final solution with less iteration numbers.
Comparative Study of Nutritional Status of Children (02-24 Months) with Acute Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia
Authors: Shampa Nazmun Nahar , Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Billah Mallick Masum , Kabir ARM Luthful , Saha Narayan Chandra
Published: May 2017

Background: Acute Bronchiolitis and pneumonia pose significant morbidity and mortality of under five children. This outcome is further influenced by poor nutritional status of the affected child because of depressed immunity.Objective: We sought to evaluate nutritional status of children suffering from acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital from July, 2010 to June, 2011. A total of 50 patients of pneumonia aged 2-24 months and 50 patients of acute bronchiolitis of same age were enrolled in this study according to case definitions. After enrolment, the patients were thoroughly assessed with particular emphasis on the anthropometric measurements. Weight, length, MUAC and OFC were measured and recorded in a pretested semi structured questionnaire. For each group Z score of weight for age, weight for length, length for age, OFC and MUAC were calculated. Z score +2 to -1 was defined as normal, -1 to -2 z score as mild poor, -2 to -3 z score as moderate poor and <-3 z score was defined as severe poor status.Results were compared between pneumonia group and bronchiolitis group by using calculated Z value. A calculated Z value more than 1.96 was regarded significant (calculated z value > 1.96 is equivalent to p value< 0.05). Results: Children with pneumonia more often had severe underweight (weight for age <-3 SD) (50% vs. 30%, p= 0.04), microcephaly (OFC <-3SD) (30% vs. 12%, p= 0.03), and low MUAC (<115 mm) (40% vs. 10%, p= 0.03) compared to those with bronchiolitis. Although, there was an increased trend of severe wasting (weight for length <-3 SD) and severe stunting (length for age <-3 SD) in children with pneumonia compared to those with bronchiolitis, the difference was not significant.Conclusion: There thus, the overall nutritional status in children having pneumonia was poor compared to those with bronchiolitis. However, multicenter case control study with larger sample is imperative to consolidate our observation.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 9-14
Clinical Profile of Kawasaki Disease (KD) in Children admitted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Miah Mamun , Hoque Kazi Zahidul , Islam Md Ashraful , Sultana Akhand Tanzi , Paul Shubhra Prakash , Alam Md Jahangir
Published: May 2017

Background : Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile, self-limiting vasculitis of the medium-and small-sized arteries of unknown etiology. Recently its incidence is increasing worldwide.Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate its presenting symptoms, clinical features and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of complete and incomplete KD in children.Materials & Methods : Medical records of 20 children with KD admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital from January, 2011 to December 2014, were reviewed. Demographic features, diagnostic clinical features of KD, and additional clinical findings including arthritis and/or arthralgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms and central nervous system symptoms were recorded for each patient. Besides, available laboratory findings collected on admission before Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration were reviewed. The diagnosis of complete and incomplete KD was made using the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations.Results : About two-thirds of the children (65%) were 30  60 months, 20% were < 30 months and 15% were 60 or above 60 months old with mean age being 42 months. Over half (55%) of the children were female and 50% affected in summer season. Of the five principal signs, polymorphous skin rash was predominant (90%), followed by changes in oral mucosa or lip (85%), conjunctival hyperemia (75%), cervical lymphadenopathy (70%) and changes in distal extremities and gastrointestinal symptoms (each 65%). Majority of the children had raised WBC (75%), raised ESR (95%), increased platelet count (70%) and elevated CRP (75%). Uveitis was a predominant complication (45%), followed by facial paralysis (30%) and neurosensory hypoacusia (20%). Cardiovascular complications were less commonly found (30%). Neither age nor sex was found to be associated with type of Kawasaki disease (p = 0.450 and p = 0.535 respectively). Sixty percent of the patient fulfilled the criteria of complete KD and the rest incomplete KD. However, cervical lymphadenopathy and changes in distal extremity were significantly common in complete KD than those in incomplete KD (p = 0.019 and p = 0.05 respectively).Conclusion : In this study 60% of the patient fulfilled the criteria of complete KD and the rest incomplete KD.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(2) January 2017: 216-219
Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Masdor Noor , Altintas Zeynep , Tothill Ibtisam
Published: May 2017

Campylobacteriosis is an internationally important foodborne disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni. The bacterium is prevalent in chicken meat and it is estimated that as much as 90% of chicken meat on the market may be contaminated with the bacterium. The current gold standard for the detection of C. jejuni is the culturing method, which takes at least 48 h to confirm the presence of the bacterium. Hence, the aim of this work was to investigate the development of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor platform for C. jejuni detection. Bacterial strains were cultivated in-house and used in the development of the sensor. SPR sensor chips were first functionalized with polyclonal antibodies raised against C. jejuni using covalent attachment. The gold chips were then applied for the direct detection of C. jejuni. The assay conditions were then optimized and the sensor used for C. jejuni detection, achieving a detection limit of 8 × 106 CFU·mL−1. The sensitivity of the assay was further enhanced to 4 × 104 CFU·mL−1 through the deployment of a sandwich assay format using the same polyclonal antibody. The LOD obtained in the sandwich assay was higher than that achieved using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (106–107 CFU·mL−1). This indicate that the SPR-based sandwich sensor method has an excellent potential to replace ELISA tests for C. jejuni detection. Specificity studies performed with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrated the high specific of the sensor for C. jejuni.
Towards Automatic Bird Detection: An Annotated and Segmented Acoustic Dataset of Seven Picidae Species
Authors: Vidaña-Vila Ester , Navarro Joan , Alsina-Pagès Rosa
Published: May 2017

Analysing behavioural patterns of bird species in a certain region enables researchers to recognize forthcoming changes in environment, ecology, and population. Ornithologists spend many hours observing and recording birds in their natural habitat to compare different audio samples and extract valuable insights. This manual process is typically undertaken by highly-experienced birders that identify every species and its associated type of sound. In recent years, some public repositories hosting labelled acoustic samples from different bird species have emerged, which has resulted in appealing datasets that computer scientists can use to test the accuracy of their machine learning algorithms and assist ornithologists in the time-consuming process of analyzing audio data. Current limitations in the performance of these algorithms come from the fact that the acoustic samples of these datasets combine fragments with only environmental noise and fragments with the bird sound (i.e., the computer confuses environmental sound with the bird sound). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to release a dataset lasting more than 4984 s that contains differentiated samples of (1) bird sounds and (2) environmental sounds. This data descriptor releases the processed audio samples—originally obtained from the Xeno-Canto repository—from the known seven families of the Picidae species inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula that are good indicators of the habitat quality and have significant value from the environment conservation point of view.
Information Entropy and Measures of Market Risk
Authors: Pele Daniel , Lazar Emese , Dufour Alfonso
Published: May 2017

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the information entropy of the distribution of intraday returns and intraday and daily measures of market risk. Using data on the EUR/JPY exchange rate, we find a negative relationship between entropy and intraday Value-at-Risk, and also between entropy and intraday Expected Shortfall. This relationship is then used to forecast daily Value-at-Risk, using the entropy of the distribution of intraday returns as a predictor.
The Optimal Road Grade Design for Minimizing Ground Vehicle Energy Consumption
Authors: Liu Junhui , Feng Lei , Li Zhiwu
Published: May 2017

Reducing energy consumption of ground vehicles is a paramount pursuit in academia and industry. Even though the road infrastructural has a significant influence on vehicular fuel consumption, the majority of the R&D efforts are dedicated to improving vehicles. Little investigation has been made in the optimal design of the road infrastructure to minimize the total fuel consumption of all vehicles running on it. This paper focuses on this overlooked design problem and the design parameters of the optimal road infrastructure is the profile of road grade angle between two fixed points. We assume that all vehicles on the road follow a given acceleration profile between the two given points. The mean value of the energy consumptions of all vehicles running on the road is defined as the objective function. The optimization problem is solved both analytically by Pontryagin’s minimum principle and numerically by dynamic programming. The two solutions agree well. A large number of Monte Carlo simulations show that the vehicles driving on the road with the optimal road grade consume up to 31.7% less energy than on a flat road. Finally, a rough cost analysis justifies the economic advantage of building the optimal road profile.
Scale-Model Experiments for the Surface Wave Influence on a Submerged Floating Ocean-Current Turbine
Authors: Shirasawa Katsutoshi , Minami Junichiro , Shintake Tsumoru
Published: May 2017

In order to harness the kinetic energy of marine currents, we propose a novel ocean-current turbine with a horizontal axis. The turbine can be moored to the seabed and function similarly to kites in a water flow. To operate such turbines in a marine current, the resulting rotor torque needs to be canceled. Therefore, the proposed turbine is designed with a float at its top and a counterweight at its bottom. Thus far, we have verified the turbine stability and blade performance through towing experiments. As the next step, we constructed a scale-model turbine to confirm the mooring system. This experiment was performed at a circulating water channel with wave-making facilities. The influence of waves on the floating body was also investigated. In this paper, we report the behavior of the scale-model turbine moored to the tank bottom and discuss the influence of surface waves.
U.S. Higher Education and the Crisis of Care
Authors: Downing David
Published: May 2017

This essay situates the fate of the humanities within the broad perspective of the geopolitical economy of neoliberal capitalism. This article adapts Nancy Fraser’s historical analysis of the three phases of the “crisis of care” to understand our latest phase (1975–2017) of the capitalist world system. With respect to higher education, the shift towards privatization has had devastating effects, especially for the humanities and social sciences. By reconsidering the public and social benefits of higher education, we can restore the educational core of the humanities.
Predictors of Segmented School Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children from a Northwest England Low-Income Community
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Curry Whitney , Knowles Zoe , Noonan Robert , McGrane Bronagh , Fairclough Stuart
Published: May 2017

Background: Schools have been identified as important settings for health promotion through physical activity participation, particularly as children are insufficiently active for health. The aim of this study was to investigate the child and school-level influences on children′s physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours in a sample of children from a low-income community; Methods: One hundred and eighty-six children (110 boys) aged 9–10 years wore accelerometers for 7 days, with 169 meeting the inclusion criteria of 16 h∙day−1 for a minimum of three week days. Multilevel prediction models were constructed to identify significant predictors of sedentary time, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity during school hour segments. Child-level predictors (sex, weight status, maturity offset, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment) and school-level predictors (number on roll, playground area, provision score) were entered into the models; Results: Maturity offset, fitness, weight status, waist circumference-to-height ratio, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity, number of children on roll and playground area significantly predicted physical activity and sedentary time; Conclusions: Research should move towards considering context-specific physical activity and its correlates to better inform intervention strategies.
Inhaled Antibiotic Therapy in Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Maselli Diego , Keyt Holly , Restrepo Marcos
Published: May 2017

The management of patients with chronic respiratory diseases affected by difficult to treat infections has become a challenge in clinical practice. Conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis require extensive treatment strategies to deal with multidrug resistant pathogens that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia species and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM). These challenges prompted scientists to deliver antimicrobial agents through the pulmonary system by using inhaled, aerosolized or nebulized antibiotics. Subsequent research advances focused on the development of antibiotic agents able to achieve high tissue concentrations capable of reducing the bacterial load of difficult-to-treat organisms in hosts with chronic respiratory conditions. In this review, we focus on the evidence regarding the use of antibiotic therapies administered through the respiratory system via inhalation, nebulization or aerosolization, specifically in patients with chronic respiratory diseases that include CF, non-CF bronchiectasis and NTM. However, further research is required to address the potential benefits, mechanisms of action and applications of inhaled antibiotics for the management of difficult-to-treat infections in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
dFmr1 Plays Roles in Small RNA Pathways of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Specchia Valeria , D’Attis Simona , Puricella Antonietta , Bozzetti Maria
Published: May 2017

Fragile-X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation accompanied by other phenotypes, including macroorchidism. The disorder originates with mutations in the Fmr1 gene coding for the FMRP protein, which, with its paralogs FXR1 and FXR2, constitute a well-conserved family of RNA-binding proteins. Drosophila melanogaster is a good model for the syndrome because it has a unique fragile X-related gene: dFmr1. Recently, in addition to its confirmed role in the miRNA pathway, a function for dFmr1 in the piRNA pathway, operating in Drosophila gonads, has been established. In this review we report a summary of the piRNA pathways occurring in gonads with a special emphasis on the relationship between the piRNA genes and the crystal-Stellate system; we also analyze the roles of dFmr1 in the Drosophila gonads, exploring their genetic and biochemical interactions to reveal some unexpected connections.
The Role of Phytochemicals in the Inflammatory Phase of Wound Healing
Authors: Shah Ahmed , Amini-Nik Saeid
Published: May 2017

Historically, plant-based products have been the basis of medicine since before the advent of modern Western medicine. Wound dressings made of honey, curcumin and other phytochemical-rich compounds have been traditionally used. Recently, the mechanisms behind many of these traditional therapies have come to light. In this review, we show that in the context of wound healing, there is a global theme of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals in traditional medicine. Although promising, we discuss the limitations of using some of these phytochemicals in order to warrant more research, ideally in randomized clinical trial settings.