bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge hiding, emotional exhaustion and job performance: the role of psychological resilience
Authors: Tran Pham Toan Khanh
Published: October 2024

Purpose

As an emerging novelty, knowledge hiding has received considerable attention in management literature. Drawing on conversation of resources theory, this study aims to investigate how knowledge hiding impacts job performance among employees through the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. This work further offers deeper insight into the moderating mechanism of psychological resilience in these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Three time-lagged sets of data (N = 362) were collected among employees in Vietnamese firms. The partial least squares structural equation modeling method was applied to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

Empirical findings indicate that knowledge hiding positively impacts emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion serves a mediating role in the link between knowledge hiding and job performance. The results also show how psychological resilience moderates the relations between knowledge hiding, emotional exhaustion and job performance.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that managers can reduce the harms of knowledge-hiding behaviors by enriching employees’ resources and bolstering their psychological resilience.

Originality/value

This inquiry explores the mechanism linking knowledge-hiding behaviors and job performance through the mediator of emotional exhaustion. In addition, this study extends the current knowledge by investigating the moderating role of psychological resilience in the relations between knowledge-hiding, emotional exhaustion and job performance.
Text analysis and optimization strategy of an app’s privacy policy from the perspective of dual perception: taking Chinese shopping apps as an example
Authors: Wang Xu , Dai Chunyan , Wang Yazhao , Bao Linhao
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of apps’ privacy policies and to propose improvement and optimization strategies, which are of great significance for establishing a transparent and responsible privacy protection framework that ensures compliant collection and use of users’ information and effective protection of their privacy.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper obtained privacy policy texts for 100 shopping apps through Web crawlers and manual downloads. Based on the perspective of perceived usefulness, thematic analysis is conducted through the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model and comparison with existing policies. Based on the perspective of perceived ease of use, readability analysis is conducted through content analysis and formula calculation.

Findings

The apps privacy policies can be divided into seven themes. The authors benchmark these seven topics with the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the E-Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China and the General Data Protection Regulation. It is found that there are omissions in the information collection and use and juvenile protection of the existing apps. Through the indicators’ readability analysis and calculation, it is found that the existing apps privacy policies have good performance in the readability indicators such as naming method, frame directory and so on. However, text personalization and text readability need to be improved and optimized.

Originality/value

At the theoretical level, this paper constructs a model from the dual perception perspectives of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and analyses the apps’ privacy policy texts at a fine-grained level. At the practical level, based on large-scale apps’ privacy policy text data, this paper conducts multi-dimensional research from theme analysis, authoritative law benchmarking analysis, content analysis and text readability calculation and analysis. At the same time, this paper identifies the current problems of apps’ privacy policies and puts forward countermeasure suggestions for their content improvement and optimization.
The simple analytics of the environmental Kuznets curve: a reformulation
Authors: Chingri Subhrasil , Mondal Debasis
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to review the relationship between per capita income and aggregate emission in an economy populated by rational agents. According to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, pollution–income relationship is an inverted U-shaped curve. This paper aims to derive that relationship in an endogenous way and extends the relevant literature in an important way.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper formulated a general equilibrium model of homogenous population with identical tastes and preferences. Production side is modelled with firms operating in a monopolistically competitive environment. The approach is modelling the economy in an analytical way so that closed form solutions can be achieved. Model simulations have also been performed to get a clear view of results.

Findings

This study shows that increasing returns to scale in abatement technology ceases to be a sufficient condition for the generation of the EKC hypothesis. The general equilibrium structure of the model allows studying the endogenous evolution of income, emissions and prices of the abatement goods in a unified setting.

Originality/value

The paper is novel and original in nature. The results are new in the literature. These results extend and generalise the previous research work in this area in an important way. The sufficient condition that is obtained in this study limits the applicability of EKC in an otherwise identical economy as used in previous literature. Therefore, this paper adds value to the ongoing research related to EKC.
Action research on circular economy strategies in fashion retail
Authors: Silva Susana C. , Neiva Carolina Rocha , Dias Joana Carmo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to explore the role and impact of action research in the adoption of circular economy strategies by a fashion retail brand. This exploration is motivated by the need to address the underutilization of action research in management studies, despite its potential to foster a deep understanding of organizational processes and to drive positive transformations. The study seeks to illustrate how action research can contribute to the practical implementation of sustainability initiatives, specifically within the context of new environmental legislation and growing demands for sustainable practices in retailing.

Design/methodology/approach

This research employs an action research methodology, particularly suited to the retail field, where understanding and influencing organizational processes are key. Through a detailed case study of a fashion retail brand, the study illustrates how action research facilitates the adoption of circular economy strategies.

Findings

The findings of this study underscore the effectiveness of action research in implementing circular economy strategies within the fashion retail industry. Specifically, it highlights how this approach has led to the successful reduction of waste and reintegration of products into their lifecycle.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in its thorough application of action research to measure and refine the outcomes of circular economy strategies in retailing. This novel approach provides substantial insights into the potential of the circular economy to drive practical innovations in business practices within retail.
The comprehensive analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow with rectangular porous medium through expanding/contracting channel
Authors: Ahmadi Azar Ali , Jalili Payam , Jalili Bahram , Ganji D.D.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study examines fluid flow within a rectangular porous medium bounded by walls capable of expansion or contraction. It focuses on a non-Newtonian fluid with Casson characteristics, incompressibility, and electrical conductivity, demonstrating temperature-dependent impacts on viscosity.

Design/methodology/approach

The flow is two-dimensional, unsteady, and laminar, influenced by a small electromagnetic force and electrical conductivity. The Hybrid Analytical and Numerical Method (HAN method) resolves the constitutive differential equations.

Findings

The fluid’s velocity is influenced by the Casson parameter, viscosity variation parameter, and resistive force, while the fluid’s temperature is affected by the radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and power-law index. Increasing the Casson parameter from 0.1 to 50 results in a 4.699% increase in maximum fluid velocity and a 0.123% increase in average velocity. Viscosity variation from 0 to 15 decreases average velocity by 1.42%. Wall expansion (a from −4 to 4) increases maximum velocity by 19.07% and average velocity by 1.09%. The average fluid temperature increases by 100.92% with wall expansion and decreases by 51.47% with a Prandtl number change from 0 to 7.

Originality/value

Understanding fluid dynamics in various environments is crucial for engineering and natural systems. This research emphasizes the critical role of wall movements in fluid dynamics and offers valuable insights for designing systems requiring fluid flow and heat transfer. The study presents new findings on heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular channel with two parallel, porous walls capable of expansion and contraction, which have not been previously reported.
Seizing overflows: exploring how accounting becomes emancipatory
Authors: Plesner Åsa
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Through an in-depth case study, this paper aims to investigate how workplace struggles can meaningfully change management accounting practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an archival study drawing on 10 years of governmental documents, news media and a court case. The theoretical notions of framing and overflowing are used to investigate how a calculative change was introduced, problematized and reverted.

Findings

An initiative to increase care quality through the empowerment of care recipients led to a calculative change and to an intensification of work, which union representatives turned into a health and safety complaint. “Seizing” the overflow from the calculative change and “redirecting” it into the health and safety arena allowed the unions to draw support from the national work health and safety agency. In response, the organization rolled back the calculative change.

Originality/value

This paper introduces the notions of seizing and redirecting overflows. When combined with conduits of overflows, a part of Callon’s (1998) conceptual apparatus that previously has received little attention, these notions constitute a framework that helps identify conditions that make emancipatory uses of accounting and control outputs possible.
Experimental investigation on tailoring compressive properties and energy absorption of 3D printed gradient star re-entrant hybrid auxetic structure
Authors: Sondagar Hardik D. , Kumar Shailendra
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a widely used 3D printing technique for the fabrication of mechanical metamaterials with intricate geometries. Gradient strategy is applied to geometric parameters of gradient star re-entrant hybrid auxetic (GSRA) structure. Deformation behaviour is studied under compressive loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of gradient geometric parameters on mechanical properties, namely, specific strength (SS), specific modulus (SM) and specific energy absorption (SEA).

Design/methodology/approach

Response surface methodology (RSM) is implemented for the design of experiments of gradient geometric parameters to minimize the number of experimental tests. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material is used for the fabrication of GSRA structures by FFF technique. The best set of gradient parameters has been optimized maximizing all three responses using RSM and artificial neural network optimization technique.

Findings

During compressive testing, row-wise deformation is observed with two-stage plateau regions, which results in increase in SEA of the structure. Furthermore, based on analysis of variance and 3D response plots, it is found that height gradient is the most influencing gradient geometric parameter on SS and SM, whereas the wall thickness gradient has maximum influence on SEA. Meanwhile, the interaction effect of wall thickness gradient and height gradient has maximum influence on SS, SM and SEA.

Research limitations/implications

This study of applying gradient strategy to geometric parameters is limited to GSRA structure under compressive loading. In addition, findings are valid within the selected range of gradient geometric parameters. These findings are useful for the selection of gradient geometric parameters to maximize SS, SM and SEA of GSRA structure simultaneously. These outcomes pave the way for designing light-weight gradient hybrid auxetic structures in the field of construction, aerospace, automobile and biomedical engineering.

Originality/value

Limited experimental study is available on investigating the influence of gradient geometric parameters on mechanical properties, namely, SS, SM and SEA, and deformation behaviours of hybrid auxetic structures. This study directly addresses the above research gaps.
Physiological and morphological traits affect contemporary range expansion and implications for species distribution modelling in an amphibian species
Authors: Edwards Owen M. , Zhai Lu , Reichert Michael S. , Shaughnessy Ciaran A. , Ozment Logan , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2024

Species range shifts due to climate alterations have been increasingly well‐documented. Although amphibians are one of the most sensitive groups of animals to environmental perturbations due to climate change, almost no studies have offered evidence of poleward distribution shifts in this taxon in response to climate warming. Range shifts would be facilitated by variation in traits associated with the ability of species to persist and/or shift their range in the face of climate change, but the extent and consequences of intraspecific variation in these traits is unclear.

We studied the role of intraspecific variation in the ongoing range shift of green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) in response to climate change. We explored factors that are often associated with range shifts to test the hypothesis that there are differences in these traits between recently range‐expanded and nearby historical populations. We then tested the consequences of intraspecific variation for modelling climate‐induced range shifts by comparing species distribution models (SDMs) that used as input either data from the entire species range or separate inputs from ‘subpopulations’ corresponding to the historical range or the recently expanded range. We expected that building a separate SDM for each population would more accurately characterize the species range if historical and expanded populations differed in traits related to their response to climate.

We found that critical thermal minimum decreased and thermal breadth increased with latitude, but the effect of latitude was significantly stronger for expanded populations compared to historical populations. Additionally, we found that individuals from expanded populations had longer leg lengths when compared to their historical counterparts. Finally, we found higher model accuracy for one of the population‐level SDMs than the species‐level SDM.

Our results suggest that thermal tolerance and dispersal morphologies are associated with amphibian distributional shifts as these characteristics appear to facilitate rapid range expansion of a native anuran. Additionally, our modelling results emphasize that SDM accuracy could be improved by dividing a species range to consider potential differences in traits associated with climate responses. Future research should identify the mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation along climate gradients to continue improving SDM prediction of range shifts under climate change.
cba‐miR‐222‐3p involved in photoperiod‐induced apoptosis in testes of striped hamsters by targeting TRAF7
Authors: WANG Shuo , XU Jinhui , WANG Xingchen , WANG Mingdi , XUE Huiliang , WU Ming , FAN Chao , CHEN Lei , XU Laixiang
Published: October 2024

The role of miRNAs in the regulation of seasonal reproduction in rodents, particularly in relation to photoperiod changes, is still poorly understood. Previous studies on miRNA transcriptomes of striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis) testes have indicated that the photoperiodism of testes, especially apoptosis, may be influenced by miRNAs. As a functional miRNA, cba‐miR‐222‐3p in striped hamster testes exhibits suppression under a short photoperiod. To elucidate the potential role of testicular cba‐miR‐222‐3p in the seasonal reproduction of striped hamsters, we exposed male striped hamsters to different photoperiods or injected miRNA agomir into the testes and observed the effects of these treatments, particularly some indicators related to apoptosis. The results showed that the levels of apoptosis in the testes increased in short daylength, accompanied by a significant decrease in cba‐miR‐222‐3p expression and an increase in TRAF7 expression. Dual luciferase reporter assays verified the targeting relationship between cba‐miR‐222‐3p and TRAF7 predicted by bioinformatics. In addition, the expression of TRAF7 decreased in the testes, which injected miRNA agomir, leading to inhibition of apoptosis, and the expression of key genes (MEKK3, p38, p53) in the downstream MAPK signaling pathway of TRAF7 was suppressed. These results suggest that short daylength induces testicular apoptosis in striped hamsters, and one possible mechanism is that the decreased expression of miR‐222‐3p in testes reduces the repression of TRAF7 translation, thereby activating the MAPK pathway and affecting the level of testicular apoptosis. These findings reveal the potential role of miR‐222‐3p in animal reproduction and provide new insights into the regulation of rodent populations.
Dis/incremental Dwelling and the Right to the Beach in Jamestown, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Malkoc Bianca , Johnson Leigh
Published: October 2024

In mid‐2020, the municipal authority of Accra, Ghana levelled the dwellings of approximately 450 residents remaining in an informal beach settlement in Jamestown, long the centre of an artisanal fishing economy. The destruction marked the culmination of at least four demolition cycles to clear ground for a Chinese‐financed commercial harbour. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between demolitions, we demonstrate how residents erected smaller, more precarious structures designed for ease of disassembly/reassembly using cheaper, salvaged building materials—a tactic we term dis/incremental dwelling. We interpret these practices of everyday refusal as asserting residents’ “right to the beach”—a claim to access beach and marine space, to participate in convivial associative life and the informal fishing economy, and to resist political marginalisation from infrastructure development and ocean grabbing. The right to the beach provides a conceptual and political vocabulary to centre just coastal futures in urban West Africa and beyond.
Midwifery Continuity of Care During Pregnancy, Birth, and the Postpartum Period: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lundborg L. , Åberg K. , Liu X. , Norman M. , Stephansson O. , Pettersson K. , Ekborn M. , Cnattingius S. , Ahlberg M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare pregnancy outcomes in a midwifery continuity of care (MCoC) model to standard midwifery care in Sweden.

Design

Matched cohort study.

Setting

Public healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, Stockholm, Sweden.

Population

Women giving birth at Karolinska University Hospital site Huddinge in Stockholm between January 1, 2019, and August 31, 2021.

Methods

Data on all births including MCoC and standard care, during the time period, were retrieved from the national Swedish Pregnancy Register. Propensity score matching was applied to obtain a matched set from the standard care group for every woman in the MCoC model. Based on the matched cohort, we estimated risk ratios (RR) for binary outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Outcome Measures

Interventions during labor, mode of birth, and preterm birth (< 37 gestational weeks).

Results

Compared with standard care, women in the MCoC model were more likely to give birth spontaneously (RR 1.06 95% CI 1.02–1.10) and less likely to have an elective cesarean on maternal request (RR 0.24 95% CI 0.11–0.51). The risk of preterm birth was also reduced in the MCoC group (RR 0.51 95% CI 0.32–0.82).

Conclusion

The MCoC model was associated with fewer medical interventions and improved pregnancy outcomes.
Ensuring that psychological interventions are delivered as intended on mental health inpatient wards
Authors: Berry Katherine , Handerer Fritz , Bucci Sandra , Penn Georgia , Morley Helen , Raphael Jessica , Lovell Karina , Price Owen , Edge Dawn , Drake Richard J. , Haddock Gillian
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Talk, Understand and Listen for InPatient Settings (TULIPS) was a multi‐centred randomized control trial of an intervention that aimed to increase patient access to psychological therapies on acute mental health wards. This paper aims to: (i) describe a strategy for designing a psychological intervention that is implementable in inpatient mental health settings; (ii) describe methods for assessing the fidelity of interventions within these settings; (iii) report on the extent to which fidelity was achieved in the TULIPS trial.

Methods

The TULIPS intervention was designed using information from a systematic review, stakeholder interviews, pilot work and a consensus workshop. We assessed fidelity to the model in terms of the delivery and dose of essential elements of the intervention, quality of intervention delivery, engagement of participants with the intervention and differentiation between the intervention and usual care.

Results

Although the TULIPS intervention targeted known barriers to the delivery of psychological interventions on mental health wards, we found issues in implementing aspects of the intervention that were dependent upon the participation of members of the multidisciplinary team. Psychologists were able to overcome barriers to delivering individual therapy to patients as this provision was not reliant on the availability of other staff.

Conclusions

The intervention period in the study was 6 months. A greater period of time with a critical mass of psychological practitioners is needed to embed psychological interventions on inpatient wards. Our fidelity framework and assessment methods can be used by other researchers implementing and testing psychological therapies within inpatient environments.
Association of human leucocyte antigen loci with vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: Potential role of the interaction between platelet factor 4‐derived peptides and MHC‐II
Authors: Petito Eleonora , Bury Loredana , Antunes Heck Lilian , Sadler Brooke , De Candia Erica , Podda Gian Marco , Falanga Anna , Stefanini Lucia , Boccatonda Andrea , Sciancalepore Patrizia , Florio Igor , Imbalzano Egidio , Marcucci Rossella , Noris Patrizia , Panella Marta , Santoro Rita Carlotta , Turi Maria Costanza , Vaudo Gaetano , Di Paola Jorge , Rondina Matthew T. , Gresele Paolo
Published: October 2024

No risk factors have been identified for vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) so far. The aim of this study was to identify human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles potentially associated with VITT susceptibility. Specific HLA class II alleles were detected with significantly higher frequency in VITT patients compared with Italian controls: DPB1*17:01, DQA1*05:01, and DRB1*11:04. In silico analysis revealed increased affinity of DRB1*11:04 for a platelet factor 4 (PF4)‐derived peptide, ITSLEVIKA, that contains two amino acids present in the specific binding site of anti‐PF4 antibodies from VITT patients. Our findings show for the first time a genetic predisposition to developing anti‐PF4 antibodies in response to Ad‐vector vaccines.
Language Development of Japanese Children Raised in Institutional Care
Authors: Okumura Yuko , Higuchi Hiroki , Sakamoto Yuka , Minami Yasuhiro , Mugitani Ryoko , Ito Kayoko , Kobayashi Tessei
Published: October 2024

Background

Nurturing environments have a critical influence on children's language development. It is unclear to what extent nurturing environments in institutions influence children's language development.

Methods

The present study investigated the early lexical development in Japanese children raised in institutional care (IC) (N = 86; 10–33 months; 37 boys) and compared their lexical skills to a large sample of age peers being raised in biological family care (BFC) (N = 1897; 937 boys) using vocabulary checklists.

Results

Our results present three main findings: (1) Japanese IC children did not exhibit a delay in productive vocabulary compared with BFC children, although their comprehensive vocabulary was delayed; (2) IC children who experienced maltreatment showed poorer vocabulary scores than non‐maltreated IC children; (3) both the duration at the institution and the number of books read to them significantly predicted children's vocabulary scores.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the Japanese institutions included in the present study did not show a negative impact, at least on productive vocabulary, and may competently foster children's language development. We discussed the relationship between institutional environments and children's language development.
Genetic Variants Supporting the Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Japan
Authors: Hijikata Minako , Morimoto Kozo , Ito Masashi , Wakabayashi Keiko , Miyabayashi Akiko , Yamada Hiroyuki , Keicho Naoto
Published: October 2024

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD; OMIM 244400) is a rare genetic disorder affecting motile cilia and is characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance in the airway epithelium that leads to chronic oto‐sinopulmonary manifestations. To date, over 50 PCD‐causing genes have been identified, with these genes and their variants varying globally across populations. We performed targeted resequencing of 42 PCD‐causative genes in 150 Japanese patients suspected of having PCD and identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 51 patients. Among these, 24 patients exhibited a homozygous deletion of DRC1 exons 1–4, the most common cause of PCD in Japan. The allele frequency of this deletion was estimated at 0.0034 (95% CI: 0.0025–0.0044), based on bioinformatic analysis of 7906 whole‐genome sequences from the general Japanese population. Additionally, RNA sequencing of nasal samples supplemented in silico variant predictions, aiding in the identification of causative variants. Considering potential ethnic differences, it is essential to accumulate global data on these variants and their functional impacts.
Subphenotypes of adult‐onset diabetes: Data‐driven clustering in the population‐based KORA cohort
Authors: Dong Qiuling , Xi Yue , Brandmaier Stefan , Fuchs Markéta , Huemer Marie‐Theres , Waldenberger Melanie , Niu Jiefei , Herder Christian , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Koenig Wolfgang , Bönhof Gidon J. , Gieger Christian , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Rospleszcz Susanne , Grallert Harald
Published: October 2024

Aims

A data‐driven cluster analysis in a cohort of European individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has previously identified four subgroups based on clinical characteristics. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive statistical assessment to (1) replicate the above‐mentioned original clusters; (2) derive de novo T2D subphenotypes in the Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA) cohort and (3) describe underlying genetic risk and diabetes complications.

Methods

We used data from n = 301 individuals with T2D from KORA FF4 study (Southern Germany). Original cluster replication was assessed forcing k = 4 clusters using three different hyperparameter combinations. De novo clusters were derived by open k‐means analysis. Stability of de novo clusters was assessed by assignment congruence over different variable sets and Jaccard indices. Distribution of polygenic risk scores and diabetes complications in the respective clusters were described as an indication of underlying heterogeneity.

Results

Original clusters did not replicate well, indicated by substantially different assignment frequencies and cluster characteristics between the original and current sample. De novo clustering using k = 3 clusters and including high sensitivity C‐reactive protein in the variable set showed high stability (all Jaccard indices >0.75). The three de novo clusters (n = 96, n = 172, n = 33, respectively) adequately captured heterogeneity within the sample and showed different distributions of polygenic risk scores and diabetes complications, that is, cluster 1 was characterized by insulin resistance with high neuropathy prevalence, cluster 2 was defined as age‐related diabetes and cluster 3 showed highest risk of genetic and obesity‐related diabetes.

Conclusion

T2D subphenotyping based on its sample's own clinical characteristics leads to stable categorization and adequately reflects T2D heterogeneity.
‘treesliceR': a package for slicing phylogenies and inferring phylogenetic patterns over evolutionary time
Authors: Araujo Matheus L. , Gabriel S. S. Ferreira Luiz , Nakamura Gabriel , Túlio P. Coelho Marco , Rangel Thiago F.
Published: October 2024

Phylogenetic indexes summarize the evolutionary information within a given assemblage pool based on the topology and branch lengths of a hypothesized phylogenetic tree. However, different historical contingencies experienced by these assemblages can unevenly distribute evolutionary information through time and over the phylogeny. ‘treesliceR' is an R package containing tools to flexibly cut phylogenies at different depths, and also has built‐in functions to assess spatially explicit phylogenetic patterns over time. ‘treesliceR' can slice phylogenies in any temporal orientation (‘rootwardly' or ‘tipwardly'), using different criteria (million years or phylogenetic diversity). Moreover, ‘treesliceR' contains functions to assess the rates of accumulation of any phylogenetic information (e.g. α and β diversities) through time. These functions are unique to the package and provide outputs that are ready‐to‐use in graphing functions. We demonstrated the main uses of ‘treesliceR' by investigating areas of paleo‐endemism and neo‐endemism of Passeriformes in Australia. Finally, we mapped rates of accumulation of phylogenetic β‐diversity (Cpβrate) across Australia. ‘treesliceR' is an open‐source R package under continuous progress, designed to decompose temporally any phylogenetic information.
How the Rejection of Incompatible Speech Acts Transforms Human Cognition
Authors: Stovall Preston
Published: October 2024

Engaging with the literature on transformative conceptions of rationality, I argue for the following position on the way reason transforms human cognition: when the capacity for knowing that one ought to do something is directed at one's own speech acts, an initially domain‐specific and practical grasp of genus/species relations – manifest in the ability to select among the various permitted ways to do as one judges one ought – becomes a mechanism through which the reflective study of genus/species relations hones the domain‐general classificatory abilities that accompany adult human language use. In this fashion, our instinctive behaviors may be transformed: we might cease to respond to events simply as (e.g.) fearful or enraging, recognize these motivations as cases of cowardice and recklessness, and begin to treat them as opportunities for courage and restraint.
Interpersonal Reasoning: A Philosophical Psychology of Testimonial Trust
Authors: Marušić Berislav
Published: October 2024

Anscombe famously said, “It is an insult and it may be an injury not to be believed.” But what is it to believe someone? My aim is to show that understanding what it is to believe someone requires a conception of a distinctive kind of interpersonal reasoning. To do so, I develop an analogy between interpersonal reasoning and an Anscombean conception of practical reasoning. I suggest that the distinctive ‘form’ of interpersonal reasoning is recognition. I furthermore argue that this is to be understood as a primarily logical, rather than epistemological point. In concluding, I explain why a notion of interpersonal reasoning makes available an ethics of thought and, specifically, an account of testimonial injustice.
Seen and named in narratives: denizens of hell in the early Middle Ages
Authors: Shanzer Danuta
Published: October 2024

This article discusses a special type of narrative: encounters with named individuals in hell. The catchment is broad (Homer to Dante) but the focus is on the early Middle Ages. Philological and literary techniques elucidate and reinterpret a number of important visionary texts, Anglo‐Saxon, Merovingian, and Carolingian. Boniface, Ep. 115 re‐emerges as a woman’s vision. Gregory of Tours, DLH 8.5 (Guntram’s banquet of 585), where Chilperic is sighted, finds a place within the Roman tradition of the dark or terrifying banquet and the dangerous telling of dreams. In the Visio Pauperculae (terminus post quem = 3 October 818), Queen Irmengard’s torture is reinterpreted by reference to the NT and to contemporary legal realia. An argument is made for an old emendation that required a romantic and courtly reading, including a fuzzy connection to Dante’s Inferno 5.
Planting native trees in degraded grassy woodland does not restore species composition
Authors: Nichols Peter W. B. , Morris E. Charles
Published: October 2024

Restoration of degraded former Cumberland Plain Woodland by planting of native trees and shrubs was undertaken by Greening Australia (NSW) on the Cumberland Plain, west of Sydney, Australia, from the mid‐1990s. Our study examined the success of this restoration in stands of two ages using species composition as the criterion. The starting point (pasture) and the target (reference woodland) were sampled to document the extent of progress of species composition from pasture through young (3–5 years) and old (9–11 years) restoration stands to reference woodland across three sites at two surveys. Comparisons showed restored stands of both ages differed significantly from pasture, and from each other, showing decreasing similarity between the restoration stands and pasture at all sites. Despite this, species composition in restored stands at all three sites was still significantly different from reference sites, showing that none had achieved the target reference state after 11 years. The trajectory of restored sites between the two surveys was not towards the reference state. Restoration resulted in the establishment of 20 (71%) of the planted species. Recruits from five planted species were found. A further 40 unplanted native ground layer species were found in restoration. Structurally, tree cover increased with time since restoration and was higher in the restored sites. Ground cover, which was very high in pasture was lower in some restored sites. The majority of the unplanted native species were resprouters, and their presence in the above‐ground vegetation was most likely by vegetative resprouting from the bud‐and‐tuber bank as ground cover was lower with the increase in tree cover and shade. Tree and shrub planting by itself has not yet progressed the restored areas to the species composition of reference sites. Additional tools will be needed to assist restoration, specifically the addition of re‐seeder native plants not able to persist through vegetative resprouting after restoration. Measures to control the burden of weeds present in the pasture seed bank are also required.
Improving Teacher Training Through Emotion Recognition and Data Fusion
Authors: Albaladejo‐González Mariano , Gaspar‐Marco Rubén , Mármol Félix Gómez , Reich Justin , Ruipérez‐Valiente José A.
Published: October 2024

The quality of education hinges on the proficiency and training of educators. Due to the importance of teacher training, the innovative platform Teacher Moments creates simulated classroom scenarios. In this scenario‐based learning, confusion is an important indicator to detect users who struggle with the simulations. Through Teacher Moments, we gathered 7975 audio recording responses from participants who self‐labelled their recordings according to whether they sounded confused. Our dataset stands out for its size, for not including actor‐generated audio, and for measuring confusion, a neglected emotion in artificial intelligence (AI). Our experiments tested unimodal approaches and feature‐level, model‐level and decision‐level fusion. Feature‐level fusion demonstrated superior performance to unimodal methods, achieving a balanced accuracy of 0.6607 on the test set. This outcome highlights the necessity for further investigation in the overlooked area of confusion detection, particularly employing realistic datasets like the one used in this study and exploring new methods. Beyond teacher training, the insights of this research also extend to other directions, such as other professionals making critical decisions, user interface design or adaptive learning systems.
General Industrial Process Optimization Method to Leverage Machine Learning Applied to Injection Moulding
Authors: Charest‐Finn Meaghan , Dubay Rickey
Published: October 2024

The development of machine learning (ML) technologies is driving changes across many sectors. In industrial settings, this is called the fourth industrial revolution and encompasses several technologies pushing the boundaries of industrial automation. In this study, a general industrial process optimization (GIPO) methodology is formulated in the context of Industry 4.0 and tested on an industrial injection moulding machine (IMM). GIPO aims to encourage the practical inclusion of industrial artificial intelligence at all levels of the manufacturing process, while enabling industrial equipment to adapt to a changing processing environment. Special attention is given to the generality of the methodology so that it can be extended to other applications. In the example case study presented here, GIPO combines K‐nearest neighbours classification and nearest neighbours optimization methods to optimize an injection moulding process effectively. Practical implementation conducted on the IMM demonstrates a novel methodology to leverage data mining and ML methods in a real‐world setting to improve production quality, production time and energy cost.
Couples therapy and the challenges of building trust, fairness, and justice
Authors: Daneshpour Manijeh
Published: October 2024

The cornerstone of the contextual family therapy model is predicated on the belief that all family members benefit from trustworthy relationships, which result from (a) acknowledging the contributions of deserving family members, (b) engaging in responsible interactions, and (c) ensuring a fair distribution of relational burdens and benefits. Nonetheless, conflicts may arise when one partner asserts a claim to relational resources based on need, while the other believes they are entitled to such resources based on merit. Based on relational ethics and the development of trust, this paper focuses on the therapist's role in facilitating the conflict‐resolution process to assist couples in reestablishing individual responsibility and accountability within the systemic framework of couple therapy. It elucidates several clinical strategies, including (a) cultivating trust through fairness and focusing on the importance of reciprocity and equitable give‐and‐take, (b) detecting destructive entitlement, and (c) marital relationships and ethics of care. Several clinical examples are discussed, as well as common couple relational issues associated with horizontal and vertical relationships, partnership, and fusion, and the impact of gender and power dynamics and trustworthiness based on the feminist lens.
The small molecule ZPD‐2 inhibits the aggregation and seeded polymerisation of C‐terminally truncated α‐Synuclein
Authors: Peña‐Díaz Samuel , Ventura Salvador
Published: October 2024

Protein aggregation, particularly the formation of amyloid fibrils, is associated with numerous human disorders, including Parkinson's disease. This neurodegenerative condition is characterised by the accumulation of α‐Synuclein amyloid fibrils within intraneuronal deposits known as Lewy bodies or neurites. C‐terminally truncated forms of α‐Synuclein are frequently observed in these inclusions in the brains of patients, and their increased aggregation propensity suggests a role in the disease's pathogenesis. This study demonstrates that the small molecule ZPD‐2 acts as a potent inhibitor of both the spontaneous and seeded amyloid polimerisation of C‐terminally truncated α‐Synuclein by interfering with early aggregation intermediates. This dual activity positions this molecule as a promising candidate for therapeutic development in treating synucleinopathies.
Study of Vibration‐Ultrasonic Combined Fatigue on 7075‐T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhao Ziyu , Tang Sen , Chen Mingsan , Liu Yongjie , He Chao , Xu Bo , Wang Chong , Wang Qingyuan
Published: October 2024

Components in aero‐engine are likely excited in multiple resonance models in dynamic loads. This paper proposes an accelerated fatigue testing method that combines the vibration test with ultrasonic loading to develop a feasible experimental system for combined cycle fatigue (CCF) and explore the CCF characteristics in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) associated with very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) conditions. A thin plate specimen of 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy with two natural frequencies of 2 and 20 kHz is designed for the experiment. The stress waveform and distribution during real‐time monitoring provide validation for the method. Finally, the influences of composite loads are demonstrated by exploring the characteristics of the S–N curves and fracture morphology. The results suggest that the increase in both axial and bending stress markedly diminishes fatigue life, while the difference in stress levels under combined loading is revealed through variations in fatigue striation morphology.
Utilizing Spatial Statistical Bounds on Residual Stress Fields From Cold Expansion: Effects on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
Authors: Andrew Dallen L. , Ribeiro Renan , Thomsen Mark , Ocampo Juan , Alaeddini Adel , Popelar Carl F. , Han Hai Chao
Published: October 2024

This paper assesses the impact of utilizing statistically defined residual stress fields from cold expansion (Cx) in linear elastic, multi‐point fracture mechanics analyses using the spatial analysis of residual stress (SpARS) methodology. There is significant value and interest in leveraging the increased fatigue life afforded by Cx, but it is imperative to quantify the variability of the residual stress to understand the expected variability in benefit due to Cx. Comparisons of the predicted fatigue lives from SpARS‐produced statistical residual stress fields are made to fatigue test data. Results demonstrated that the less compressive 95% upper bound from the mean residual stress would be a reasonable strategy as it supplies a compromise between safety and inherent material and process variability while still producing a sizable improvement in predicted fatigue life. In this study, using SpARS to incorporate statistically representative residual stress fields in fatigue crack growth analyses demonstrates a methodology to aircraft structural engineers for improved fleet management and allow increased aircraft availability through fewer inspections.
The role of magnesium oxide addition in densification of AlON transparent ceramics by pressureless sintering
Authors: Zhang Chenyun , Sun Zehan , Shi Ying
Published: October 2024

Pressureless sintering processing was adopted to fabricate transparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramics by using magnesium oxide (MgO) as a sintering additive into synthetic single phased aluminum oxynitride powder. Under the condition of adding 0.6 wt% magnesium oxide, the relative density of aluminum oxynitride ceramics increased from 98.67% with no addition to 99.9% after being held at 1800°C for 24 h, coupled by a reducing of average grain size from 190 µm to 130 µm. The optical linear transmittance of the AlON ceramic sample (thickness 1.2 mm) reached 84.2% at the wavelength of 1100 nm. The microstructural characterizations by energy dispersive spectroscopy and atom probe tomography indicated that the doping Mg element was uniformly dispersed inside aluminum oxynitride grains of as‐sintered ceramics. It was demonstrated that magnesium oxide played a key role in inhibiting the movement of grain boundaries, eliminating pores, leading to the fully densification of aluminum oxynitride ceramics.
Clinical Risk Management in Mental Health Services: 10 Principles for Best Practice
Authors: Doyle Michael , Grundy Andrew , McGleenan Katherine , Nash Michael , Deering Kris
Published: October 2024

Risk assessment and management are a fundamental part of clinical practice globally within mental health services. In the United Kingdom (UK), the evidence to support the effectiveness of structured risk assessment and management remains limited, although the perception remains that structured management frameworks are effective in reducing risk in mental health care. Despite the importance of risk management within mental health services, the most recent UK wide guidance was published in 2009, while international guidance for the assessing and management of service user risks also appears sparse. This perspective paper reports on a consultation and co‐production project to provide up‐to‐date best practice principles in clinical risk management to enhance the consistency, quality and safety of mental health practice in the UK mental health services, and for mental health services in other English speaking countries. A three‐stage approach was used including literature review, referral to mental health experts for review and final evaluation and sign off by users of mental health services as experts by experience. Ten principles for best practice were confirmed as a benchmark for practice and are offered as a benchmark to improve the quality and safety of mental health practice.