bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Compromised Anchor Items on IRT Equating Under the Nonequivalent Anchor Test Design
Authors: Jurich Daniel P. , DeMars Christine E. , Goodman Joshua T.
Published: May 2012

The prevalence of high-stakes test scores as a basis for significant decisions necessitates the dissemination of accurate and fair scores. However, the magnitude of these decisions has created an environment in which examinees may be prone to resort to cheating. To reduce the risk of cheating, multiple test forms are commonly administered. When multiple forms are employed, the forms must be equated to account for potential differences in form difficulty. If cheating occurs on one of the forms, the equating procedure may produce inaccurate results. A simulation study was conducted to examine the impact of cheating on item response theory (IRT) true score equating. Recovery of equated scores and scaling constants was assessed for the Stocking–Lord IRT scaling method under various conditions. Results indicated that cheating artificially increased the equated scores of the entire examinee group that was administered the compromised form. Future research should focus on the identification and removal of compromised items.
Patent Strategy and Management
Authors: Somaya Deepak
Published: May 2012

This review reorganizes and reconceptualizes extant research on patent strategy, which has emerged from diverse roots in economics, law, and management. Accordingly, it is anticipated that this review will help provide structure and direction to what is currently a somewhat disparate and fractured field of study within management. The main proposed framework highlights two important themes within patent strategy research—generic patent strategies and the strategic management of patents. In addition, it is noted that research in each of these themes generally maps onto one or more of three key domains—rights, licensing, or enforcement—within which patent-related strategic actions are typically undertaken. Two summary tables of prior research are provided that juxtapose the three patent strategy domains with different theory lenses adopted in patent strategy research. Finally, the article highlights two promising areas whose connections with patent strategy are beginning to be addressed by research—firms’ overall appropriability strategies and value creation strategies. An overarching conceptual figure maps the different research areas reviewed in the article and highlights the relationships between these research literatures. The reconceptualization and reframing of prior research advanced in this review promises to advance scholarship on patent strategy by illuminating its many links with the broader management field and by identifying opportunities to address important unanswered research questions. It thus provides a useful roadmap to help stimulate and guide future management research in this vital area.
Natural resource abundance and eminent domain: A case study from Africa
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: May 2012

This Viewpoint article draws on the doctrine of eminent domain (or compulsory purchase) as an analytical framework to analyse the regional and local impacts of a new source of oil. Sekondi-Takoradi, an oil city located in Ghana, West Africa, is used as a case study to explore the differentiated experiences of local people. The article shows that, although there are complex distributional issues that require different levels of compensation and betterment to be assessed and paid for, it is unlikely that they will, in fact, even be considered.
Public policy and high growth firms
Authors: Walburn David
Published: May 2012

There are signs that public policy is catching on to an understanding that not only start-up firms can achieve high rates of growth. More research is needed to find out what the needs of more mature enterprises might be, before policy lurches away from supporting early stage companies.
Counter-Commoditization
Authors: Princen Thomas
Published: May 2012

Commoditization seems immutable and unstoppable but, like other social processes, its prevalence is context dependent. The enabling context for commoditization has been cheap fossil fuels, economic growth, and ever-increasing energy and material throughput. In fact, the scientific findings of ecological, climate, footprint, and material flow studies all point in the same direction— excess throughput. We cannot grow our way out of growth-driven crisis; new technologies will not create new sources of energy or new waste sinks. Counter-commoditization measures can take the form of formal policies or of informal social change processes, including processes now under way. Three social change processes are relational decision making, ecological language, and localization. The common thread is relations (between humans and between human systems—especially the economy—and natural systems), context (spatial and temporal, ecological and social). Applied to fossil fuels it is clear that the end of the hydrocarbon era must be accelerated. The normative imperative to support and invest in the “economy of care and connection” becomes ever stronger.
Internationalization of information science education in Nigeria
Authors: Olatokun Wole Michael , Utulu Samuel C. Avemaria
Published: May 2012

Information and knowledge management have become very crucial to the growth and development of countries around the world, including African countries. This is also true about the importance of information science education. This truth has already been accepted in Africa, including Nigeria, where the joint effort of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) led to the establishment of the Africa Regional Center for Information Science (ARCIS) in 1990. The primary objective set for ARCIS was for it, as a regional Center, to internationalize its processes, functions and curriculum. This paper, relying on both primary and secondary data, examines the issue of internationalization of information science education in Nigeria with practical examples reported from experiences at ARCIS. It highlights current achievements ARCIS has recorded in its internationalization efforts, challenges it faces due to the political experiences in Nigeria and competing needs of units and departments at the University of Ibadan, as well as the prospects of ARCIS internationalization efforts. In the end, it is concluded that the internationalization future for ARCIS is bright.
The Development of Empathy and Group Analysis
Authors: Yogev Herzel
Published: May 2012

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Kohut (1984) defined empathy as the capacity to think and feel the other’s internal world. Empathy serves two clinical objectives: (1) Comprehension, by which the analyst perceives what the patient is experiencing at a particular moment and communicates in a verbal or non-verbal manner that the patient’s experience is understood, and (2) Explication, in which the analyst uses this comprehension, accumulated over time, to explain the meaning of the patient’s experience, connecting it with past experiences. In the current article, a continuum theory of empathy is offered, whereby empathy may be viewed as composed of three continuums: the resonance continuum, the comprehension continuum and the identification of needs continuum. These elements are not linear but in interaction with each other and will be detailed below.

It is further proposed that empathy exists in two dimensions: a non-verbal/facial dimension that is timeless, existing only in the here and now, and a verbal dimension that is necessarily in time and involves communication.
Hydroxychloroquine reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal evaluation of the lipid-lowering effect
Authors: Cairoli E , Rebella M , Danese N , Garra V , Borba EF
Published: May 2012

The influence of antimalarials on lipids in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been identified in several studies but not in many prospective cohorts. The aim of this study was to longitudinally determine the effect of antimalarials on the lipoprotein profile in SLE. Patients and methods: Fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) plasma levels were determined at entry and after 3 months of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in a longitudinal evaluation of 24 patients with SLE. Results: a significant decrease in TC (198 ± 33.7 vs. 183 ± 30.3 mg/dl, p = 0.023) and LDL levels (117 ± 31.3 vs. 101 ± 26.2 mg/dl, p = 0.023) were detected after the 3 months of HCQ therapy. The reduction of 7.6% in TC ( p = 0.055) and 13.7% in LDL levels ( p = 0.036) determined a significant decrease in the frequency of dyslipidemia (26% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.013) after HCQ therapy. Conclusion: This longitudinal study demonstrated the beneficial effect of antimalarials on lipids in SLE since this therapy induced a reduction of atherogenic lipoproteins.
Being an Expert Nurse in Pediatric Oncology Care
Authors: Enskär Karin
Published: May 2012

Pediatric oncology has become a highly specialized area, and the transition from novice nurse to expert can be complicated. The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of nurses in pediatric oncology regarding the role of an expert nurse in pediatric oncology. Nurses (n = 66) working in pediatric oncology participated by writing their narratives. The data were analyzed by means of content analysis, and 3 categories were found: an expert has confidence in his or her knowledge, an expert provides high-quality care, and an expert is given possibilities for professional growth. It can be concluded that when nurses are given possibilities for continuous education and reflection, and have a feeling of satisfaction at being able to fulfill a child and his or her family’s needs, this enhances their possibility to become experts and maintain expert competence.
Using First Nations Children’s Perceptions of Food and Activity to Inform an Obesity Prevention Strategy
Authors: Pigford Ashlee-Ann E. , Willows Noreen D. , Holt Nicholas L. , Newton Amanda S. , Ball Geoff D. C.
Published: May 2012

Obesity and associated health risks disproportionately affect Aboriginal (First Nations) children in Canada. The purpose of this research study was to elicit First Nations children’s perceptions of food, activity, and health to inform a community-based obesity prevention strategy. Fifteen 4th- and 5th-Grade students participated in one of three focus group interviews that utilized drawing and pile-sorting activities. We used an ecological lens to structure our findings. Analyses revealed that a variety of interdependent sociocultural factors influenced children’s perceptions. Embedded within a cultural/traditional worldview, children indicated a preference for foods and activities from both contemporary Western and traditional cultures, highlighted family members as their main sources of health information, and described information gaps in their health education. Informed by children’s perspectives, these findings offer guidance for developing an obesity prevention strategy for First Nations children in this community.
Caregiving for Older Latinos at End of Life
Authors: Carrion Iraida V. , Nedjat-Haiem Frances R.
Published: May 2012

This study examined the various settings in which caregiving occurred for terminally ill older Latinos. Qualitative data were collected in Central Florida through in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended interviews. 20 Latinos caring for terminally ill Latinos participated in the study. N = 9 Latino family (unpaid) caregivers provided care in the terminally ill person's home, while N = 4 provided care to a family member in the caregiver's home. N = 4 paid caregivers provided care to terminally ill Latinos who reside in the caregiver's private home and N = 3 in an assisted-living facility. The themes indicate that family (unpaid) caregivers experienced changes in their financial status; they both encountered English language barriers. Geographical distance made caregiving more challenging. Paid caregivers adapted to cultural expectations and their higher income enabled them to hire assistance.
Home Versus Hospital Mortality From Cancer in México (1999-2009)
Authors: Castillo-Guzmán Sandra , Palacios-Ríos Dionicio , Nava-Obregón Teresa Adriana , Torres-Pérez Juan Francisco , González-Santiago Omar
Published: May 2012

Objective:

To analyze the place of death from cancer in México from 1999 to 2009 and find the associated factors.

Methods:

We collected data on mortality by cancer from the national database including age, gender, area of residence, level of education, place of death, and type of cancer.

Results:

The proportion of deaths at home and hospital was 55.67% and 39%, respectively. Factors associated with home deaths were old age, female gender, rural area of residence, and lack of formal education. There was a short but significant decrease in home deaths for cervical cancer and leukemia.

Conclusions:

In México, mortality in home is greater than in hospital for patients with cancer. Our results have important implications for palliative care professionals and health services of México.
Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio determination of micro-lattice cellular structures by analytical, numerical and homogenisation methods
Authors: Ptochos Evangelos , Labeas George
Published: May 2012

The mechanical properties of micro-lattice structures made of interconnected metallic struts are calculated analytically, in order to derive their elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio in the three Cartesian directions. The geometry of the investigated unit cell is a body centered cuboid, which is a more generic case of the well-known body centered cubic geometry.  The Bernoulli–Euler and Timoshenko beam theories are used for the analytical solution of the unit cell response under complex loading. The derived elastic constants are compared to the relative numerical ones. The influence of geometrical parameters on the stiffness coefficients of the cellular structure is parametrically determined. The derived elasticity matrices are introduced in a homogenised numerical model of the core and its results are compared to a numerical model with explicit representation of the core geometry indicating an excellent accuracy, while the solution time is considerably reduced.
From theoria to theory: Leadership without contemplation
Authors: Case Peter , French Robert , Simpson Peter
Published: May 2012

This article explores the transition of the theological and philosophical concept of theoria—contemplation—to the modern notion of theory. Theory derives linguistically from theoria and retains a connection with knowledge. However, it has lost and, moreover, typically excludes theoria’s focus upon the direct experiential knowledge of the divine. In keeping with the thrust of this special issue, we focus on how the secularization of the theological concept of theoria defines in a profound manner the limits and possibilities of thinking and theorizing work and organization. We examine the nature of theoria and the transitions that have led to its metamorphosis. It is suggested that dominant forms of theorizing work and organization are typically performative (Lyotard, 1984). This is illustrated, somewhat ironically, through a review of Spiritual Leadership Theory, which appears to promote spiritual leadership without contemplation.
Contact refusal by children following acrimonious separation: Therapeutic approaches with children and parents
Authors: DeJong Margaret , Davies Hilary
Published: May 2012

This paper aims to build on the existing literature, by presenting some thoughts based on clinical experience with nine families of children referred for intractable contact refusal with one parent following marital separation. This particular group of high-conflict divorce cases engenders an inordinate amount of frustration both within the courts and therapeutic agencies. We outline here our assessment process and therapeutic strategies, as well as consideration of the role of the wider professional system and the courts. We conclude that whether or not direct contact with the rejected parent is achieved, useful therapeutic work can be carried out to assist children in moving on with their lives.
Landscapes of the dead? Natural burial and the materialization of absence
Authors: Hockey Jenny , Green Trish , Clayden Andy , Powell Mark
Published: May 2012

This article questions the emphasis on presence within material culture studies, using the example of a new burial landscape where the UK’s now conventional mortuary culture is often missing. The authors ask how the absences initiated by a death are articulated or materialized when body disposal and memorialization occur outwith a delineated boundary and identifiable buildings, a grave marked with head and kerb stones, and an embalmed body in a hardwood casket. Exploring data generated through an ESRC-funded project, the article examines tensions between the Natural Burial Movement’s goals and the practices of particular natural burial ground owners, managers and bereaved users. These practices, the authors argue, reflect the layers of competing orientations towards the landscape and nature that those involved in natural burial are heir to. In this way, the article draws out the ambiguities and contradictions implicit within the social practices that constitute natural burial and the landscapes within which it occurs.
On the possibility that the revolution that will end capitalism might fail to usher in communism
Authors: Stoetzler Marcel
Published: May 2012

This article argues that further development of John Holloway’s approach in Change the World without Taking Power and Crack Capitalism needs to address two objections: first, some of the tendencies and practices described by Holloway as ‘screams’ and ‘cracks’ may contribute to the emergence of communism (that is, universal human emancipation), but may not cause the demise of capitalism; second, some practices that are (subjectively or objectively) anti-capitalist may not be emancipatory but, to the contrary, reactionary. The need is suggested to take reactionary forms of anti-capitalism, especially fascism, stronger into account. It is proposed to distinguish two dimensions of the negation of capitalism, namely in the sense of, on the one hand, revolution that ends capitalism, and, on the other hand, revolution that ushers in communism, in order to be able to keep both dimensions in sight simultaneously.
Anatomically versus biologically unifocal prostate cancer: a pathological evaluation in the context of focal therapy
Authors: Karavitakis Markos , Ahmed Hashim U. , Abel Paul D. , Hazell Steven , Winkler Mathias H.
Published: May 2012

Objectives:

Since tumor focality in prostate cancer continues to be considered a major limitation for focal prostate therapy, in this study we attempted to compare the pathological features and the proportion of patients with anatomically unifocal versus biologically unifocal tumors (i.e. multifocal prostate cancer in which the secondary nonindex elements are small, low grade and clinically insignificant) who were suitable for focal therapy.

Methods:

Ninety-five consecutive whole mount laparoscopic radical prostatectomy samples underwent pathological assessment (from January 2007 to November 2009). Tumor focality, laterality, Gleason score and volume of individual foci, total tumor volume, pathological stage and surgical margin status were assessed. The index lesion was defined as the largest by volume. Patients suitable for focal ablation were defined as having tumors that were unifocal, organ confined, with a Gleason score (GS) up to 7 prostate cancer, or multifocal, organ confined, GS up to 7 prostate cancer, with one large index lesion and the remaining foci demonstrating features of clinically insignificant disease (total tumor volume of all secondary foci ≤0.5 cm3 with GS ≤ 6).

Results:

Patients with biologically unifocal cancer had significantly lower total tumor volume (3.26 versus 7.28 cm3; p < 0.001), index lesion volume (2.9 versus 7.16 cm3; p < 0.001), rates of seminal vesicle invasion (4% versus 34%; p < 0.001), rates of positive surgical margins (22.4% versus 52.1%; p < 0.001) and rates of 4+3 GS tumors (10.2% versus 29.1%; p = 0.018). The proportion of patients suitable for focal therapy was higher in the biologically unifocal versus anatomically unifocal cancer group, although without reaching statistical significance (65.3% versus 45.8%; p = 0.11).

Conclusions:

Patients with biologically unifocal tumors have better pathological outcome than those with anatomically unifocal disease. At present the assumption that multifocality should a priori exclude patients from any organ-preserving prostate cancer treatment is only theoretical and needs to be validated by future clinical trials since there are a large proportion of patients with multifocal disease apparently suitable for focal prostate therapy.
Political Information Opportunities in Europe
Authors: Esser Frank , de Vreese Claes H. , Strömbäck Jesper , van Aelst Peter , Aalberg Toril , Stanyer James , Lengauer Günther , Berganza Rosa , Legnante Guido , Papathanassopoulos Stylianos , Salgado Susana , Sheafer Tamir , Reinemann Carsten
Published: May 2012

This study examines the supply of political information programming across thirteen European broadcast systems over three decades. The cross-national and cross-temporal design traces the composition and development of political information environments with regard to the amount and placement of news and current affairs programs on the largest public and private television channels. It finds that the televisual information environments of Israel and Norway offer the most advantageous opportunity structure for informed citizenship because of their high levels of airtime and a diverse scheduling strategy. The study contributes to political communication research by establishing “political information environments” as a theoretically and empirically grounded concept that informs and supplements the comparison of “media systems.” If developed further, it could provide an information-rich, easy-to-measure macro-unit for future comparative research.
Identification of binding pockets in protein structures using a knowledge-based potential derived from local structural similarities
Authors: Bianchi Valerio , Gherardini Pier Federico , Helmer-Citterich Manuela , Ausiello Gabriele
Published: May 2012

Background

The identification of ligand binding sites is a key task in the annotation of proteins with known structure but uncharacterized function. Here we describe a knowledge-based method exploiting the observation that unrelated binding sites share small structural motifs that bind the same chemical fragments irrespective of the nature of the ligand as a whole.

Results

PDBinder compares a query protein against a library of binding and non-binding protein surface regions derived from the PDB. The results of the comparison are used to derive a propensity value for each residue which is correlated with the likelihood that the residue is part of a ligand binding site. The method was applied to two different problems: i) the prediction of ligand binding residues and ii) the identification of which surface cleft harbours the binding site. In both cases PDBinder performed consistently better than existing methods.

PDBinder has been trained on a non-redundant set of 1356 high-quality protein-ligand complexes and tested on a set of 239 holo and apo complex pairs. We obtained an MCC of 0.313 on the holo set with a PPV of 0.413 while on the apo set we achieved an MCC of 0.271 and a PPV of 0.372.

Conclusions

We show that PDBinder performs better than existing methods. The good performance on the unbound proteins is extremely important for real-world applications where the location of the binding site is unknown. Moreover, since our approach is orthogonal to those used in other programs, the PDBinder propensity value can be integrated in other algorithms further increasing the final performance.
Regulation of apoptosis by Bat3-enhanced YWK-II protein/APLP2 stability
Authors: Wu Wei , Song Wei , Li Shuchun , Ouyang Songying , Fok Kin Lam , Diao Ruiying , Miao Shiying , Chan Hsiao Chang , Wang Linfang
Published: May 2012

YWK-II protein/APLP2 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved protein family that includes amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid precursor like protein-1 (APLP1). We have previously demonstrated that YWK-II/APLP2 functions as a novel G0-protein-coupled receptor for Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) in cell survival. However, factors regulating the stability and turnover of YWK-II/APLP2 have not been identified. Here we present evidence that human leukocyte antigen-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3), an important regulator involved in apoptosis, can interact with YWK-II/APLP2 and enhance its stability by reducing its ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Co-expression of different Bat3 domain deletion constructs with YWK-II/APLP2 reveals that the proline-rich domain of Bat3 is required for its binding to YWK-II/APLP2. In addition, we find that the protein levels of YWK-II/APLP2 could be enhanced by nuclear export of Bat3 under apoptotic stimulation. We also find elevated levels of Bat3 and YWK-II/APLP2 in human colorectal cancer with a positive correlation between the two. Taken together, these results have revealed a previously undefined mechanism regulating cell apoptosis and suggest that aberrant enhancement of YWK-II/APLP2 by nuclear export of Bat3 may play a role in cancer development by inhibiting cell apoptosis.
Mine Your Own Business: Market-Structure Surveillance Through Text Mining
Authors: Netzer Oded , Feldman Ronen , Goldenberg Jacob , Fresko Moshe
Published: May 2012

Web 2.0 provides gathering places for Internet users in blogs, forums, and chat rooms. These gathering places leave footprints in the form of colossal amounts of data regarding consumers' thoughts, beliefs, experiences, and even interactions. In this paper, we propose an approach for firms to explore online user-generated content and “listen” to what customers write about their and their competitors' products. Our objective is to convert the user-generated content to market structures and competitive landscape insights. The difficulty in obtaining such market-structure insights from online user-generated content is that consumers' postings are often not easy to syndicate. To address these issues, we employ a text-mining approach and combine it with semantic network analysis tools. We demonstrate this approach using two cases—sedan cars and diabetes drugs—generating market-structure perceptual maps and meaningful insights without interviewing a single consumer. We compare a market structure based on user-generated content data with a market structure derived from more traditional sales and survey-based data to establish validity and highlight meaningful differences.
Radical azidation reactions and their application in the synthesis of alkaloids
Authors: Lapointe Guillaume , Kapat Ajoy , Weidner Karin , Renaud Philippe
Published: May 2012

Recent advances in radical azidation using sulfonyl azides are presented. For instance, radical carboazidation using α-iodoketones, desulfitative carboazidation, and anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation of alkenes are described. These novel methods tolerate a large number of functional groups and allow the synthesis of organic azides that would be difficult to synthesize otherwise. The transformation of the azides using reductive processes as well as a Schmidt reaction under nonacidic conditions were used to synthesize alkaloids including indolizidine 167B, monomorine I, cylindricine C, and lepadiformine C.
Peculiarities of axial and radial Ge–Si heterojunction formation in nanowires: Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Shwartz Nataliya L. , Nastovjak Alla G. , Neizvestny Igor G.
Published: May 2012

The process of axial and radial Si–Ge heterostructure formation during nanowire growth by vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism was studied using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. It was demonstrated that radial growth can be stimulated by adding chemical species that decrease the activation energy of precursor dissociation or the solubility of semiconductor material in catalyst drop. Reducing the Si adatom diffusion length also leads to Si shell formation around the Ge core. The influence of growth conditions on the composition and abruptness of axial Ge–Si heterostructures was analyzed. The composition of the GexSi1–xaxial heterojunction (HJ) was found to be dependent on the flux ratio, the duration of Si and Ge deposition, and the catalyst drop diameter. Maximal Ge concentration in the HJ is dependent on Ge deposition time owing to gradual changing of catalyst drop composition after switching Ge and Si fluxes. The dependence of junction abruptness on the nanowire diameter was revealed: in the adsorption-induced growth mode, the abruptness decreased with diameter, and in the diffusion-induced mode it increased. This implies that abrupt Ge–Si HJ in nanowires with small diameter can be obtained only in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process with negligible diffusion component of growth.
Nanotechnology-driven chemistry of boron materials
Authors: Chakrabarti Amartya , Hosmane Narayan S.
Published: May 2012

The chemistry and reactivity of carborane-appended magnetic nanoparticles and boron-based nanomaterials are briefly reviewed with an emphasis on our contribution to this field. The carborane-appended magnetic nanoparticles exhibited great potential to be useful in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). A facile route to synthesize boron nanorods (BNRs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is also demonstrated. While functionalized BNRs and BNNTs have been successfully prepared, the derivatives of BNNTs were investigated as potential carriers for BNCT.
Sex and Genes, Part 1: Sexuality and Down, Prader–Willi, and Williams Syndromes
Authors: Watson Shelley Lynn , Richards Deborah A. , Miodrag Nancy , Fedoroff J. Paul
Published: May 2012

Specific genetic syndromes affect individuals' sexual development, experiences, and fertility. Individuals with specific syndromes can also display inappropriate sexual behavior resulting from vulnerabilities presented by their genetic makeup. Using clinical case studies, we discuss the specific impact that Down, Prader–Willi, and Williams syndromes can have on sexual development and behavior. Applying a biopsychosocial approach, we present the primary sexual effects, such as delayed sexual development and infertility. These genetic syndromes are also associated with challenges that are not specifically sexual in nature but that affect sexual expression, such as self-injury, mental health issues, or epilepsy. Medication side effects are also discussed. We conclude with treatment recommendations for individuals with sexual challenges, considering the unique effects of these three syndromes on sexuality.
Cervical and Breast Cancer–screening Knowledge of Women with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parish Susan L. , Swaine Jamie G. , Luken Karen , Rose Roderick A. , Dababnah Sarah
Published: May 2012

Women with developmental disabilities are significantly less likely than women without disabilities to receive cervical and breast cancer screening according to clinical guidelines. The reasons for this gap are not understood. The present study examined the extent of women's knowledge about cervical and breast cancer screening, with the intention of informing the development and testing of interventions to increase cervical and breast cancer screening rates for these women. In a sample of 202 community-dwelling women with developmental disabilities, most women had little knowledge of cervical and breast cancer screening. Women who were living at home with family caregivers had the most limited understanding of cervical and breast cancer screening. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
Political Ecologies of the Precarious
Authors: Weston Kath
Published: May 2012

Soon after debates about post-Fordism drew attention to the precariousness of employment under new labor regimes, a sense of precarity entered ecological discourse through depictions of climate change that made the hold of life on earth appear increasingly tenuous. Political ecologies of the precarious incorporate an affective stance that allows people to live with apparent contradictions, reassuring them that they can poison the world without limit even as they recognize that a limit must be out there somewhere and suturing them to ecological demise even as they work against it. Through a series of ethnographic “stopgaps” set in Chicago, New Delhi, and Venice, this essay examines the part played by Henry Ford’s iconic product, the automobile, in cultivating this affective stance by bringing “the masses” into an intimate, visceral engagement with the products of synthetic chemistry. The story of how the car became a leading protagonist in quest narratives of the path to sustainability suggests ways to reinvent such affective intimacies by organizing the world into something other than a collection of resources waiting to be managed.
The Changing Terrain of Environmentality: EIONET and the New Landscapes of Europe
Authors: Heatherington Tracey
Published: May 2012

Schemes for biodiversity protection were instrumental to building thelegitimacy of post-national cooperation during the early phases of European integration. Today, Europe’s regime of environmental security suggests new dimensions of territoriality manifest in the adoption of information and communication technologies. This paper explores some changing paradigms for eco-development in Sardinia, Italy and the European Union to consider the political stakes and human dimensions inherent in the creation of databases such as the European Information and Observation Network. It critically expands the concept of “environmentality” in light of insights recognizing the multiscalar dimensions of governance in the global, digital age.
Slaves, Cannibals, and Infected Hyper-Whites: The Race and Religion of Zombies
Authors: McAlister Elizabeth
Published: May 2012

The first decade of the new millennium saw renewed interest in popular culture featuring zombies. This essay shows that a comparative analysis of nightmares can be a productive method for analyzing salient themes in the imaginative products and practices of cultures in close contact. It is argued that zombies, as the first modern monster, are embedded in a set of deeply symbolic structures that are a matter of religious thought. The author draws from her ethnographic work in Haiti to argue that the zonbi is at once part of the mystical arts that developed there since the colonial period, and comprises a form of mythmaking that represents, responds to, and mystifies the fear of slavery, collusion with it, and rebellion against it. In turn, some elements of the Haitian zonbi figure can be found in patterns that haunt recent American zombie films. Zombies in these films are read as figures in a parable about whiteness and death-dealing consumption. This essay suggests that the messianic mood surrounding the presidential candidacy of Barack Obama was consistent with a pattern in zombie films since the 1960s where many zombie-killing heroes are figured as black American males. Zombies are used in both ethno-graphic and film contexts to think through the conditions of embodiment, the boundaries between life and death, repression and freedom, and the racialized ways in which humans consume other humans.
Hauntings of Solidarity in Post-Fordist Italy
Authors: Molé Noelle J.
Published: May 2012

Beginning in the mid-1990s and continuing through the 2000s, Italy’s population of semi-permanent or sub-employed workers doubled, while its safeguarded workforce was halved, a trend particularly salient in Northern Italy. In historical tandem with this immense socio-economic transformation, outstanding public attention, originating in the field of occupational psychology, has been focused on a form of workplace harassment called mobbing ( il mobbing ). Mobbing, I show, both as praxis and site of public discourse, articulates the inchoate threats and ravages of intra- and inter-class solidarities which have become the affective trademarks of post-Fordism. It is but one example of everyday labor practices which signal a far deeper proximity between the detached and atomized workers of a market-oriented labor regime and the Fordist ideals of material stability, valorized toil, and, crucially, affective ties. Italy’s working populations confront Fordist ruins not only as intangible and nostalgic remnants but as a labor force deprived of solidarity between workers even though workers’ affective investment in their labor has intensified. I interrogate how the eerie presence of capitalism’s affective past is reincarnated in mobbing discourse, redeployed to signal at once the solidarity-stripping capacity of post-Fordism and the affinity-affirming spirit of Fordism.
A Post-Fordist Ethnicity: Insecurity, Authority, and Identity in South Africa
Authors: White Hylton
Published: May 2012

The expression of ethnicity in postcolonial public life is typically regarded as a regression to the legacies of a colonial rule of difference. Taking the case of Jacob Zuma’s controversial appeals to his Zuluness in the run-up to the South African elections of 2009, I propose a different analysis that grounds a more contemporary mode of ethnic attachment in the dynamics of post-Fordist sociality. Zuma’s supporters utterly rejected the concatenation of culture, local authority, and ethnic population. It was Zuma’s own identification with Zuluness in his personal life that made him into an intimate, of the very most up-to-date kind. Through this identification his supporters hoped to inhabit an unmediated relationship with a powerful and loving state, in scenes of embrace with ethnically grounded normalcy and security.
Redefining Need, Reconfiguring Expectations: The Rise of State-Run Youth Voluntarism Programs in Russia
Authors: Hemment Julie
Published: May 2012

This article investigates the restructuring of the Russian social welfare system by interrogating Putin-era state-run projects to promote youth voluntarism. Set up in the aftermath of liberalizing social welfare reform, these organizations are interesting hybrids: at the same time as they honor the Soviet past and afford symbolic prominence to Soviet era values, they simultaneously advance distinctively neoliberal technologies of self-help and self-reliance. In dialogue with recent studies in the anthropology of neoliberalism and the anthropology of postsocialism, I consider the implications of these intertwined logics. Focusing on the interpretive work undertaken by one provincial voluntary organization, I argue that it offers a symbolic salve and a measure of recompense to those most disaffected by neoliberal reform, while at the same time inculcating new models of subjectivity and citizenship. In so doing, it encodes a new vision of the common good that has interesting hybrid features and draws on the models that the Putin administration ostensibly disparages.
(Be)Coming Home(r): Nostalgia in Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt
Authors: Taoka Yasuko
Published: May 2012

Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt and the novel upon which it is based, Alberto Moravia's Il Disprezzo , depict the process of making a film adaptation of the Odyssey . While the Odyssey considers the difficulties of returning to a physical home, Moravia and Godard expand the bounds of nostalgia to the temporal and textual realms: the "homes" that are sought are the past and the Odyssey . Moravia depicts these objects of nostalgia as irretrievably lost, while Godard depicts them as never having existed at all. For Godard, the "home" and other origins become idealized when viewed through the lens of nostalgia.
Chaerephon, Telephus, and Diagnosis in the Gorgias
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: May 2012

This paper argues for Olympiodorus's heretofore unsupported claim that the Gorgias begins with an allusion to the myth of Telephus, sets out systematic parallels between the two stories, and shows how this background indicates the place of diagnosis in distinguishing philosophers from rhetoricians and the importance of finding people with whom to talk about how to live. Chaerephon in saying: "I'll also cure it," referring to whatever harm he may have caused Socrates through their lateness at Gorgias's presentation, references the oracle stating that Telephus's wound—caused by Achilles mistaking the Greek for a Trojan—will be cured only by Achilles himself.
Residential Density: The Effects of Tripling College Students
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. , Jackson Shannon , Everhart Deborah
Published: May 2012

Due to a greater number of students enrolling in higher educational institutions, an increase in demand for housing on college campuses exists putting a strain on infrastructure. In order to accommodate the students, some universities are tripling students in residential settings by putting three students in a room originally designed for two. This research investigated whether there are negative effects on students from tripling. Results revealed no differences on depression, anxiety, and stress scales between students who were tripled and those who were assigned double rooms ( n = 141).
Community Service During the First Year of College: What is the Role of Past Behavior?
Authors: Cruce Ty M. , Moore John V.
Published: May 2012

This longitudinal multi-institution study examines the effects of students’ involvement in high school service clubs and their level of civic-mindedness when entering college on their propensity and intentions to volunteer during college. The level of civic-mindedness was measured by a self-rating of their ability to work effectively with others toward solving real-world problems and contributing to the welfare of the community. We found that the impact of college experiences on students’ propensity and intentions to volunteer operates fairly independently of these 2 precollege controls, suggesting that prior findings supporting the impact of college experiences on community service are not biased by self-selection.
Academic and Work-Related Burnout: A Longitudinal Study of Working Undergraduate University Business Students
Authors: Galbraith Craig S. , Merrill Gregory B.
Published: May 2012

We examined the interaction between academic burnout and work-related burnout for a sample of working undergraduate university students. Using a longitudinal design we found that the factors of burnout (Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Efficacy) change significantly over the semester. In addition, the study suggests there are distinct differences in how academic burnout shifts over the semester versus work-related burnout. Whereas academic Exhaustion and Efficacy increase over the semester, work-related Exhaustion and Efficacy significantly decrease. An analysis using a system of simultaneous equations was performed to estimate the contribution of various predictor variables, as well as the simultaneous interactions between academic and work-related burnout.
Student-Athletes’ Misperceptions of Male and Female Peer Drinking Norms: A Multi-Site Investigation of the “Reign of Error”
Authors: Perkins H. Wesley , Craig David W.
Published: May 2012

Data from student-athletes at 15 colleges and universities ( N = 4,258) document extensive misperceptions of peer drinking norms and their association with personal quantity of alcohol consumed. Regardless of actual drinking norms at each school, student-athletes commonly overestimated the alcohol consumption norms (both quantity and frequency levels) of both male and female athlete peers. Perception of the male student-athlete drinking norm was the strongest predictor of drinks personally consumed at parties and bars for both genders in comparison with the effects of the actual male and female norms and demographic variables. The perceived female norm was also a strong predictor of female but not male consumption.
Gender Differences Among Contributing Leadership Development Resources
Authors: Thompson Michael D.
Published: May 2012

Gender differences among contributing student leadership development resources were examined within the context of theory-based perspectives of leadership-related attributes. The findings suggest that students’ increased engagement with institutional constituencies cultivates an environment conducive to students’ cognitive development toward leadership. Implications of the findings for subsequent research on student leadership development are presented.
Gender and Generation in Swedish School Radio Broadcasts in the 1930s: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Lindgren Anne-Li
Published: May 2012

This paper proposes a method for studying historical radio dialogues with participating children. It is an in-depth method focusing on the interaction in dialogues and the aim is to get an understanding of discursive change in a historical perspective, and more specifically how radio dialogues can be understood as sites for negotiations on citizenship norms and values. The focus is on changed notions of gender and generation. Choice of topic, turn taking, and the distribution of questions and answers are analyzed as parts of an ongoing struggle between power relations in which contemporary gender and generational orders were challenged. Thus, the staring point is Critical Discourse Analysis but it is applied on historical material and adapted to radio dialogues. The argument put forward is that the method presented can increase the understanding of how notions of gender and generation have been challenged in everyday practices, here in the form of everyday radio dialogues with participating children. The highly politicized but non-commercial public school broadcasts gave children a voice as competent and active citizens in new ways, and especially in programs produced by female teachers. In particular, these programs transgressed traditional boundaries concerning notions of gender and generation and thus understandings of childhood.