bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Tienen Derechos los Algoritmos?
Authors: González Mario , Ordoñez Hugo , González-Sanabria Juan-Sebastián
Published: June 2024

La creciente influencia de los algoritmos en la sociedad digital plantea interrogantes sobre su estatus legal y ético. A medida que estos algoritmos toman decisiones que afectan a las personas, surge la pregunta de si deberían tener derechos y cómo se pueden proteger esos derechos en un entorno tecnológico en constante evolución. La investigación llevó a cabo un análisis documental exhaustivo de literatura, informes y documentos legales relevantes sobre la ética de los algoritmos, así como investigaciones sobre sus impactos sociales en áreas como la privacidad, la discriminación y la toma automatizada de decisiones. Los hallazgos revelaron que actualmente no existe un consenso claro sobre si los algoritmos deben tener derechos. Sin embargo, se reconoce la necesidad de establecer regulaciones y principios éticos para garantizar su uso responsable y evitar consecuencias negativas. Se identificaron desafíos clave, como la transparencia algorítmica, la discriminación y la privacidad de los datos, que requieren atención adecuada. La regulación y la transparencia son fundamentales para garantizar que los algoritmos sean utilizados de manera justa y equitativa, de modo que protejan los derechos individuales y sociales.
Os “KAGE BUNSHIN NO JUTSU” DE NARUTO E OUTRAS POÉTICAS AUDIOVISUAIS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Pereira Isac
Published: June 2024

Mais do que nunca, as propostas de ensino da Arte em sala de aula na atualidade devem seguir uma estreita relação com produções audiovisuais diversas, não somente no fazer em si, mas em sua leitura, contextualização e apropriação imagética por parte do Arte/Educador e de seus estudantes. Com isso, o presente artigo, a partir de produções gráficas e pictóricas de um estudante do pesquisador (que ora podem ser confundidas com um ensaio poético e/ou ensaio visual), pretende propor um passeio sobre o texto e as imagens dispostas com uma reflexão estendida que privilegie o olhar às produções audiovisuais, especificamente e principalmente animações como Naruto, enquanto arcabouço criativo que estende as experiências de seus espectadores para além das vivenciadas cotidianamente, pautando-se não somente na realidade, conformando memórias e impulsionando ações criativas.  Trata-se de uma abordagem baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica, audiovisual e de campo, com o acervo de desenhos coletados um pouco mais de dois anos pelo pesquisador.
E EU NÃO SOU UM EDUCADOR?
Authors: Mota Silva Renan , Silveira Lemos Flávia Cristina
Published: June 2024

Apesar da presença da temática da identidade e diferença em pesquisas sobre educação no contexto brasileiro, carece o aprofundamento destes conceitos vinculados a figura do “homem” professor na Educação Infantil. Por conta dessa herança histórico-cultural, “homens” inseridos neste exercício profissional encontram dificuldades singulares, como o estranhamento pela escolha da profissão, associação a pedofilia, questionamentos diante da orientação sexual, olhares de suspeita e o preconceito. Assim, o objetivo é mencionar as experiências no percurso de atuação profissional de um professor “homem” na Educação Infantil por meio da autoetnografia tecendo considerações sobre os conceitos de identidade e diferenças associados a estes professores.
A ARTE NA FORMAÇÃO DO SER HUMANO
Authors: Ferreira Ana Letícia , Ferreira Barros Marta Silene
Published: June 2024

Este texto apresenta-se com o objetivo de destacar a presença e as contribuições da arte na formação humana, entendendo as manifestações artísticas na qualidade de símbolos sociais da existência e representação do ser humano, mobilizando o seguinte questionamento: Qual o papel da arte no desenvolvimento humano? As discussões aqui apresentadas sedimentam-se no aporte teórico da Teoria Histórico e cultural desenvolvida por Vigotski, tendo também como suporte o método crítico dialético. Ao longo do artigo se concebe linhas de raciocínio assumindo as linguagens artísticas enquanto produção social e potencializadora do indivíduo, as quais possibilitam desdobrar-se uma análise para se pensar a relação arte e ser humano.
A INSERÇÃO DA PRÁTICA DE DANÇA EM UMA ESCOLA DE CAMPO
Authors: Souza Marco Aurelio da Cruz , Marchi Nascimento Flávia , Dornelles Chagas Jean , Iracet Filipe
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo resulta de reflexões sobre a prática do componente curricular Estágio em Dança III, do curso de Dança - Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Pelotas/RS, realizada com estudantes do 8º ano da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Garibaldi (escola de campo). A proposta do estágio foi trabalhar composição coreográfica com os alunos para além do ato conhecer o conteúdo, mas também de dançar, estimular a criatividade e diferentes formas de expressão, conhecer novas possibilidades de movimentos, perceber a si mesmo e aos outros, e promover essas experimentações corporais que não estão presentes no dia a dia de forma gradual no decorrer das aulas. Para tanto foi utilizado nos processos a busca por movimentos do cotidiano para implementar essas práticas e na construção de repertório em relação a Dança e na construção do trabalho coreográfico desenvolvido coletivamente no desenvolvimento das competências das linguagens da BNCC.
Pojęcie formalizmu oraz jego przejawy i postulaty redukcji w polskim procesie karnym
Authors: Woelke Hubert
Published: June 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie zagadnienia formalizmu w polskim procesie karnym, przy uwzględnieniu zarówno najnowszych jego przejawów, jak i ugruntowanej praktyki organów procesowych. Autor przedstawia także postulaty legislacyjne, zarówno co do kierunku jak i konkretnych zmian. Dokonana zostaje analiza teoretyczna zagadnienia formalizmu, sformułowana jest także jego definicja, a przy tym uwzględnione tło legitymizacji społecznej. Jednocześnie istotną rolę odgrywają doświadczenia praktyczne związane z procesem karnym. Zagadnienie to ma z pewnością duże znaczenie zwłaszcza na gruncie funkcjonalnym i jest przedmiotem zainteresowania legislatorów, rozważających kierunki zmian regulacji dotyczących polskiego procesu karnego.
ENHANCING SENGGIGI AS A LOMBOK TOURISM DESTINATION: A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Sulfardin  , Fatmawati  , Suheldi Rizki , Juniati  , Zitri Ilham , Ali Muhammad , Jaelani Muhammad Aprian
Published: June 2024

Tourism holds immense potential to generate significant benefits for the local economy and communities in Senggigi, Indonesia. However, realizing these benefits requires the implementation of effective strategies for developing tourism destinations. This study explores various strategies for fostering tourism in Senggigi, encompassing infrastructure and facility enhancement, promotional and marketing endeavors, bolstering the local community's capacity for tourism, and garnering support from both governmental and private entities. Moreover, it underscores the paramount importance of engaging the local community in the development process, emphasizing consultation, empowerment, and the mitigation of social and economic impacts. Furthermore, the study advocates for sustainable tourism practices that prioritize environmental protection and the preservation of cultural heritage, alongside robust mechanisms for regulating and enforcing policies to prevent their violation. By adopting and implementing these strategies, Senggigi can ensure that its tourism industry optimally benefits the local community while upholding sustainability and competitiveness in the broader tourism market.
THE EFFECT OF HOOKAH (SHISA) AND VAPING ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Haroon Aqsa , Atoillah Isfandiari Muhammad , Umbul Wahyuni Chatarina
Published: June 2024

Background: The popularity of shisha (hookah) and vaping as alternatives to smoking has increased significantly in recent years. Shisha smoking, prevalent in Arab nations and other regions, exposes users to various harmful substances including nicotine, fine particles, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Similarly, vaping involves inhaling aerosols produced by heating e-liquids containing nicotine and other chemicals. Purpose: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies examining the cardiovascular health effects of shisha and vaping. Methods: Epidemiological patterns and adverse consequences of these practices on cardiovascular health were explored through a systematic search of relevant articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholars. Results: The findings suggest that chronic use of shisha and vaping is associated with respiratory issues and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, shisha smoking has been linked to infectious diseases, pulmonary complications, metabolic syndrome, and adverse effects on fetal development during pregnancy. Conclusion: The review highlights the need for further research to better understand the mechanisms and long-term cardiovascular consequences of shisha and vaping.
Profil Pengetahuan, Ketepatan Tindakan, dan Pemilihan Produk dalam Mengatasi Ketombe pada Mahasiswi Berhijab di Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Prayogo Diva Daeng , Meisya Nur Habibah  , M. Rofiqi Azmi  , Putri Annisa Dewi Maharani  , Dhea Febriyanti Permatasari  , Ulinnuha Akbar  , Hansel Alexander  , Khonsa Nabilah  , Adisti Ratna Sari  , Novreza Avistha Nugroho  , Debby Puspitaningrum  , Galuh Candra Wijayanti  , Gusti Noorrizka Veronika Achmad
Published: June 2024

Ketombe adalah salah satu kelainan kulit kepala yang disertai dengan gatal. Menurut Riset Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, sebanyak 26% masyarakat Indonesia mengalami ketombe dan didominasi oleh kelompok usia remaja (15-24 tahun). Salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya ketombe adalah kurangnya pasokan udara akibat pemakaian hijab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan, ketepatan tindakan, dan ketepatan pemilihan produk dalam mengatasi ketombe pada mahasiswi baru Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Teknik sampling penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Responden penelitian ini sejumlah 161 mahasiswa baru berhijab. Variabel yang diteliti adalah tingkat pengetahuan, ketepatan tindakan, dan ketepatan pemilihan produk sampo dalam mengatasi ketombe. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 86.30% responden pernah mengalami ketombe dan sebanyak 62.59% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi. Dari 87 responden berpengetahuan tinggi; 39 responden (28,06%) tepat dalam memilih tindakan mengatasi ketombe; 47 responden (33,81%) kurang tepat dan hanya 1 responden (0,71%) tidak tepat. Sementara itu, pada responden dengan tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, yang tepat dalam memilih sampo adalah sebanyak 51 (36,69%); kurang tepat 25 (17,98%); dan tidak tepat 11 (7,91%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan, ketepatan tindakan, dan pemilihan produk dalam mengatasi ketombe yang cukup baik. Akan tetapi edukasi tentang hal ini masih perlu dilakukan untuk lebih meningkatkan ketiga hal tersebut.
Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Surabaya Timur
Authors: Rahma Yuniar Putri Sayda  , Anditya Azzahra  , Balqis Aisya Nur Ulinnuha  , Hazna Mariskha Afra  , Michael Septian Margono  , Mohammad Amir Hasan  , Nabila Maulydia Shafa  , Rara Rafika Sari  , Salsabila Putri Hasti Azhari  , Shafa Shafira Maharani  , Siswinara Adhiestanya Imani  , Sukma Widi Astuti  , Yuni Priyandani
Published: June 2024

Stunting (kekerdilan) adalah permasalahan kesehatan serius yang harus ditangani oleh pemerintah karena dampak jangka panjang berpotensi mengganggu ekonomi negara. Pemberian tablet tambah darah merupakan bagian dari program pemerintah untuk mengurangi prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil sehingga dapat mencegah kejadian stunting pada anak. Namun, pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tablet tambah darah masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pemahaman ibu hamil atau yang pernah hamil terhadap pengetahuan tentang stunting, anemia, dan tablet tambah darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional; deskriptif, dengan teknik accidental sampling menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan di Surabaya Timur pada tanggal 27 September 2023 dengan subjek penelitian sejumlah 147 responden ibu hamil atau yang pernah hamil dan berusia 19-55 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skala pengetahuan responden tentang tablet tambah darah pada 40 responden termasuk kurang baik (27,21%), 61 responden (41,50%) termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik, serta 46 responden (31,29%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Sebagian responden masih memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang baik mengenai dosis, waktu minum, dan minuman yang dilarang diminum bersama tablet tambah darah, serta mengenai cara memeriksa adanya anemia dan kadar Hb dalam anemia.
Public Investment and Sustainability of World Economy
Authors: Strelets I. , Chebanov S.
Published: June 2024

As history shows, in difficult periods, there is invariably an increase in the state’s involvement in economic life. As of now, there is a number fundamental macrotrends showing that the world fell into a highly dangerous situation of so called polycrisis. These include more and more evident dysfunction of the US-centric model of globalization, the inexorable formation of new independent centers of international power, extremely high level of geopolitical turbulence. The global financial and economic sphere continues to function due to massive debt pumping which translates to its underlying fragility. That is why the formation of an efficient system of sustainable development, as proclaimed in the UN SDG program, is so urgent. In order to overcome the current state of instability the world economy needs to found and engage stable and reliable sources of long-term capital instead of borrowed money. Such capital is available with the institutional investors, primarily the sovereign wealth funds and pension funds. As for the first ones, in recent years, they have noticeably diversified the goals, directions and objects of their operations. The changes are so serious that a term “sovereign wealth funds 3.0” entered into the analytical discourse. In the activities of most state investors, there is a tendency to shift the focus from the external to the internal one, which does not allow capital to completely dissolve in the global financial system. The geographical priorities of investment are changing: if initially the focus of state funds was on the most developed economies of the world, now it is beginning to shift towards the world majority, which in the future should contribute to a more equal distribution of productive forces and wealth and, as a result, to increase the stability of the world economy and improve the quality of its dynamics. “Sovereign wealth funds 3.0” are also characterized by new methods of funding, when it is provided by giving the fund the right to use cash flows generated by the state assets entrusted to it. Some sovereign wealth funds, having reached a certain level of maturity, enter the global private capital market, partially filling the deficit of reliable debt instruments observed there. Due to the peculiarities of financing and a long-term planning horizon, large sovereign wealth funds are able to painlessly absorb temporary financial losses, compensating them in the long-term perspective. This allows them to carry out the most important long-term projects. Thus, the state investment funds make a significant, though not always visible and appreciated, contribution into the stabilization of the financial market and the global economy at large.
A juvenile Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris escapes from entrapment after colliding with an Australian Golden Orb-weaving Spider Trichonephila edulis web
Authors:   P.O. Box A290, Sydney South NSW 1232, Australia, Mo Matthew , Mo Elouise ,   P.O. Box A290, Sydney South NSW 1232, Australia
Published: June 2024

This note describes an observation of a juvenile Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris escaping from spider silk twice in rapid succession. First, the bird collided with the web of an Australian Golden Orb-weaving Spider Trichonephila edulis, from which it was able to free itself. Then, it became temporarily affixed to a tree branch by a portion of silk still attached to its tail-feathers. Although this individual escaped both events, the mean body mass of the Eastern Spinebill (11 g) places the species within the size range of birds documented in the scientific literature to have succumbed to web entrapment.
Breast Panel Biomarker Changes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Godoy Kris Raychelle , Madrid Manuelito
Published: June 2024

Objectives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the breast panel biomarker changes and tumor intrinsic subtype after neoadjuvant chemotherapy among patients with residual invasive breast carcinoma whose breast specimens were processed at St. Luke’s Medical Center - Quezon City SLMC-QC) from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2023.
Methodology. Cases of residual invasive breast carcinoma status post neoadjuvant systemic therapy were identified by retrospective review of cases. The baseline characteristics, type of biopsy and resection procedures, pre – and post–neoadjuvant ER, PR and HER2 status and pre – and post–neoadjuvant tumor intrinsic subtype were analyzed using frequency and  percentage. The comparison of the changes in pre- and post-neoadjuvant breast panel biomarkers were analyzed by using McNemar test while the changes in the intrinsic tumor subtype was done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results. This study encompassed a total of 43 cases of residual invasive breast carcinoma following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. The data disclosed shifts in the breast molecular profile and intrinsic subtype post-administration of neoadjuvant systemic therapy. The alterations in hormone receptor status, ER and PR, were observed in 11.6% of cases, while HER-2 status exhibited changes in 2.3%.  A 14% change in the tumor intrinsic subtype is observed.  Among the initial 18 Luminal A cases, 1 transitioned to Luminal B, and among the 6 Luminal B cases, 2 become HER2 enriched subtypes. Furthermore, among the initial 12 HER2 enriched cases, three shifted to Luminal B, while all triple-negative cases remained unchanged after chemotherapy.
Conclusion. Based on our findings, alterations in the molecular profile of breast tumors, including shifts in intrinsic subtype after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), could impact patient prognosis. While the data generated from this study may not exhibit statistical significance, its clinical relevance is noteworthy. In summary, retesting of breast biomarkers in the resection specimen is recommended to accurately ascertain the appropriate use of targeted therapy.
Application of Compressible Carbon in Cement to Mitigate Cement Pore Pressure Reduction and Improve Cement Bonding
Authors: Wu Q. , O’Donnell B. J. , Stiles D. A. , Benton J. , Freysteinson J. , Johnson K. , Zhou C. , Robin R. J. , Koester S.
Published: June 2024

A quality cement job is essential to ensure long-term zonal isolation in oil/gas and carbon storage wells. This may be affected by the cement hydration process, during which water is consumed, causing pore pressure reduction and shrinkage, which increases the risk of fluid/gas invasion, formation of microannuli, and even the risk of shear bond strength reduction. In this paper, we present the application of compressible carbon (CC) particles as a cement additive to mitigate cement pore pressure reduction and improve zonal isolation. We designed cement formulations with CC and evaluated them using API standard tests and industry-wide recognized tests to ensure they met functional requirements for well cementing, such as mixability, thickening time, rheology, compressive strength development, fluid loss, and free water. The concept is as follows: When cement is pumped into an annulus, the CC particles will compress under hydrostatic pressure. When the cement is hydrating, the CC will expand to mitigate the pore pressure reduction. To validate the proof of concept, we developed a benchtop high-pressure, high-temperature setup and a pilot-scale test setup. A cement formulation with 9% CC by volume was found to be stable and have controllable performance properties such as thickening time, fluid loss, and free water. We also designed and tested a control slurry without CC for comparison. Both the benchtop and pilot-scale tests demonstrated that adding CC into the cement formulation mitigated the pore pressure reduction during cement hydration. This may reduce the risk of fluid/gas invasion that could result in migration in the set cement. Comparing the cement containing carbon with the control system without carbon, the gas permeability was reduced. The bond strength obtained from shear bond tests improved significantly, which may reduce the risk of debonding and be an indication of the reduction of shrinkage. In addition, a better hydraulic seal was found in one test, but further investigation is needed. Similar mechanical properties such as compressive strength were measured for both cements with and without CC. The data showed that adding CC does not have a negative impact on the hardened cement properties. In fact, adding CC decreased Poisson’s ratio slightly. In this paper, we present the results of proof-of-concept testing for the novel application of CC in cement to improve zonal isolation by mitigating pore pressure reduction. We also present new benchtop and pilot-scale experimental setups to measure pore pressure changes during cement hydration.
High-Temperature, Salt-Resistant, and High-Strength-Controlled Consolidated Resin Slurry for Fracture Plugging during Oil and Gas Well Drilling
Authors: Yang Jingbin , Bai Yingrui , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe
Published: June 2024

The temperature and pressure of deep and ultradeep plugging are gradually increasing, resulting in higher requirements for the performance of plugging materials. In this study, a resin slurry plugging system that can be used to plug lost channels of fractures of different scales in the process of oil and gas exploitation was prepared, and the factors affecting the consolidation of the system under different conditions were studied. The resin slurry plugging system was initially consolidated in 2 hours and completely consolidated in 6–9 hours. It exhibited good viscosity recovery ability and excellent thixotropy characteristics of shear thinning and static thickening, which help realize strong residence and plugging in the fracture. The resin slurry plugging system prepared with 200 000 mg/L salinity water could still achieve good consolidation at 140°C, and the consolidating strength was higher than 5.0 MPa. In addition, the 7.10-MPa consolidation strength of the resin slurry plugging system with aging at 140°C for 15 days could satisfy the long-term plugging needs. Furthermore, the pressure-bearing plugging capacity and degradability of the resin slurry plugging system were investigated. The resin slurry plugging system could be fully filled in the steel wedge-shaped fractured core at 140°C, and the pressure-bearing plugging capacity was up to 13.07 MPa. The resin slurry plugging system could achieve a strong residence in the sand-filling pipe model, forming a high-strength plugging layer, and the pressure-bearing plugging capacity could reach 10.73 MPa. The acid dissolution degradation rate at 140°C was 97.69%, indicating a low degree of damage to the reservoir and meeting the requirements for subsequent plug removal. The excellent properties of the resin slurry plugging system, such as high temperature, high salt resistance, and pressure plugging, provide a new solution for plugging lost formations of fracture cave carbonate rocks.
MUNICIPAL PUBLIC POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikovskaya Larissa ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Yakimets Vladimir ,   Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: June 2024

The article presents an analysis of the main novelties of the reorganization of local self-government related to the proposed draft law No. 40361-8 "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in a unified system of public power" through the prism of the phenomenon of public policy. The latter is a framework concept related to the civil competencies of state/municipal management, the quality and level of public activity of civil society, which allows influencing the adoption of socially significant decisions. Municipal public policy is more based on the use of tools of intersectoral social partnership, which contributes to building a public dialogue of all active parties of the local community and the formation of an "agenda". The reform proposed by the bill "centralizes" local self-government, significantly changing the principles of its territorial and organizational structure, enlarging municipalities by abolishing the settlement level. The multilayered concept of municipal public policy allows us to judge the optimal ratio of political and administrative properties of state and municipal authorities, combining administrative regulation and the use of forms of public participation of the population. From the point of view of the interests of the development of civil self-organization and "grassroots" public initiatives, the desire to make local self-government bodies the lower level of state power through the concept of "unity of public power" is undoubtedly alarming, which can lead to its administratization, affect the quality of the implementation of the principles of municipal public policy, reduce the opportunities for the subjective formation of an increasingly complex society.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS AN OBJECT OF FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS OF MODERN GERMANY
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Kirilina Elizaveta
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of the information factor in modern conditions. The amount of information is rapidly increasing, military methods of warfare have given way to information warfare, and even more countries are including ensuring information security in the list of national interests in their strategy. The article emphasizes that Germany is no exception: the country has an established, developed system of information and analytical support for decision makers, which consists of several elements: private, controlled analytical structures and party funds. The author notes that the research topics of information and analytical centers are devoted to various current areas of foreign policy. One of the main priorities of information and analytical reports at the present stage is the Russian Federation. The article identifies the main areas of research in Russia: military operation in Ukraine, the energy crisis, the current state of security policy, internal problems of Russian society, Russia’s relations with other actors in the international arena. The significance of the scientific article is in the need to take into account the results of the work of information and analytical centers of Germany when forming Russia's foreign policy in the German direction.
SONDERFALL SCHWEIZ: WILLENSNATION (NATION BY WILL) OR MULTICULTURAL POLITY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Abalian Anna
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the origins of Swiss statehood, regarded through the prism of the political and cultural nation concepts. It traces the main stages of the Old Confederation, features of the formation of unique public institutions, such as direct democracy, communalism, eternal neutrality. Special attention is paid to the linguistic factor in the political life of the country and its conflict potential. The author concludes that the cumulative effect of consociational democracy and cross-cutting cleavages, together with institutionalized quadrilingualism, reduces the probability of ethno-political conflicts. Advocating the concept of «nation by will» (Willensnation) as the main source of Swiss statehood, the author appeals to such factors as the peculiarities of the historical development of the country and its geographical position in the environment of European absolutist regimes, direct democracy, «cantonization», religious landscape, high level of literacy of the population, contributed to social communication, economic modernization, system of «linguistic harmony» (Sprachfrieden). In conclusion, it is argued that in the late 19th century on the basis of civil identity, the cultural national consciousness was gradually formed under the influence of the state patriotic discourse, which united a complex of myths, symbols and narratives with the institutions of the Confederation.
The Role and Effect of Music Therapy in Combination Therapy for Cancer Management
Authors: Liu Peijin , Huang Shigao
Published: June 2024

Cancer is one of the major diseases that harm human health. Tumor patients
face a series of problems, including tumor disease symptoms, side effects of treatment,
potential complications of illness, financial problems, and even the threat of death. The
majority of patients are aware of these problems. It often manifests as fear, anxiety,
anger, complaining, and depression. This leads to the generation of negative emotions,
such as insanity and loneliness. These complications, such as feelings and isolation, seriously
affect the quality of life of patients. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy
and radiotherapy cause some side effects and adverse reactions or difficulty in controlling
some symptoms generated by the tumor itself. Therefore, some complementary
and alternative medicines based on conventional cancer treatment have been added. In
recent years, music nursing, as a non-traumatic and psychological therapy, has been applied
to cancer patients, which plays a good role in improving their negative emotions
and improving their quality of life. Moreover, this review summarizes the evolution of
music therapy (MT), exploring the mechanism of MT and its clinical application in cancer
management. In addition, some challenges and perspectives e.g., artificial intelligence
applications for music therapy, are discussed. This work aims to encourage the
broader application of MT for cancer patients to improve the survival experience of cancer
patients, which is low cost, easy to implement, low risk, and efficient method.
Rosmanol Triggers Apoptosis Against MNNG-induced Gastric
Carcinogenesis in Rats through Attenuation of the P13K/AKT/HMBG1
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Niu Yan-Bang , Velu Periyannan , Khalid Awais , Zyoud Samer H. , Kazi Mohsin , Li Yuzhu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignant neoplasm found in China.
Despite numerous therapeutic methodologies to ameliorate the well-being of GC patients, their
efficiency remains inadequate.

Objective:

Rosmanol (RML) is a phenolic diterpene compound with antioxidant and anticancer
activities. In the current research, the apoptotic efficacy of RML on methylnitronitrosoguanidine
(MNNG)-induced GC model was determined.

Materials and Methods:

The rats were allocated into four sets, viz., normal control, MNNG
(200 mg/kg bw) + NaCl, MNNG + RML (20 mg/kg), and RML (20 mg/kg) orally treated for 20
weeks.

Results:

The results exposed that GC rats revealed higher (P<0.05) levels of TBARS and reduced antioxidant status in the stomach and liver tissues counter to other groups. In contrast, the
TBARS level was substantially alleviated (P<0.05) and restored the antioxidant status in RMLadministered rats. Histopathologic assessment of gastric tissue unveiled that an MNNG-induced
group presented squamous cell carcinoma with keratin pearls. The administration of RML reduced GC incidence, and only mild dysplasia was observed. Further, RML alleviated Bcl-2,
P13K, AKT, and HMGB1, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, RML triggered caspase-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis through
the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/HMGB1 pathway, eventually leading to GC cell death. This
highlights that RML may be a potential natural antioxidant employed as a chemoprotective
agent in GC rats.
Formulation and Characterization of Triamcinolone Acetonide Acetate-Loaded Microspheres Prepared by a Static Mixing Technique
Authors: Du Huan-Huan , Wang Li-Rong , Wu Xin-Hong , Liu Xue-Ai , Huo Ming-Wei , Huang Xiang-Xiang , Shi Ling-Zhi , Liu Yawen , Tang Min , Shi Li-Li , Cao Qing-Ri
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Reproducibility and scale-up production of microspheres through spray drying
present significant challenges. In this study, biodegradable microspheres of Triamcinolone
Acetonide Acetate (TAA) were prepared using a novel static mixing method by employing poly(
lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the sustained-release carrier.

Methods:

TAA-loaded microspheres (TAA-MSs) were prepared using a static mixing technique.
The PLGA concentration, polyvinyl alcohol concentration (PVA), phase ratio of oil/water, and
phase ratio of water/solidification were optimized in terms of the particle size, drug loading (DL),
and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TAA-MSs. The morphology of TAA-MSs was examined using
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the physicochemical properties were evaluated
through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The in vitro release of TAA-MSs was compared to that of
the pure drug (TAA) using a water-bath vibration method in the medium of pH 7.4 at 37°C.

Results:

The formulation composition and preparation condition for the preparation of TAA-MSs
were optimized as follows: the PLGA concentration was 1%, the phase ratio of
oil(dichloromethane) /water (PVA solution) was 1:3, the phase ratio of water (PVA solution)/solidification
was 1:2. The optimized TAA-MSs displayed spherical particles with a size range of
30-70 μm, and DL and EE values of 27.09% and 98.67%, respectively. Moreover, the drug-loaded
microspheres exhibited a significant, sustained release, with 20% of the drug released over a period
of 28 days. The XRD result indicated that the crystalline form of TAA in microspheres had
been partly converted into the amorphous form. DSC and FT-IR results revealed that some interactions
between TAA and PLGA occurred, indicating that the drug was effectively encapsulated into
PLGA microspheres.

Conclusion:

TAA-loaded PLGA microspheres have been successfully prepared via the static mixing
technique with enhanced EE and sustained-release manner.
Facile Synthesis and Applications of Flavonoid-Heterocyclic Derivatives
Authors: Farooq Saba , Ngaini Zainab
Published: June 2024

Flavonoids belong to the polyphenol group that naturally exists in fruits, vegetables, tea,
and grains. Flavonoids, as secondary metabolites, show indispensable contributions to biological
processes and the responses of plants to numerous environmental factors. The bioactivity of
flavonoids depends on C6-C3-C6 ring substitution patterns that exhibit bioactive antioxidant,
antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. The synthesis of flavonoids
has been reported by various methodologies. Therefore, the present review systematically
summarizes the synthesis of recent heterocyclic flavonoid derivatives via facile synthetic approaches
since the research in flavonoids is useful for therapeutic and biotechnology fields.
The Potential Effects and Mechanisms of Rhododendron molle against Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Shen Yu , Huang Yongchun , Li Xinyuan , Dai Liangfang , Luo Xiangdong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a self-inflammatory disease with increasing
global morbidity and high disability. The Chinese herbal medicine Rhododendron molle G. Dons has
been conventionally used to control RA without side effects for hundreds of years, but its effect and
mechanism for anti-RA are still unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to study the potential effect and mechanism of R. molle
against RA from the perspective of action targets and molecular pathways.

Methods:

In this study, systemic network pharmacology was used to explore the potential effect and
mechanisms of R. molle against RA, including drug active components collection, target prediction,
PPI network construction, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. At last, molecular
docking was carried out to estimate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms.

Results:

A total of 19 drug-active compounds from R. molle and 188 potential therapeutic targets for
RA were screened. According to the results of molecular docking, the interaction between 4 key
active compounds (rhodojaponin ???, quercetin, kaempferol, rhodojaponin VI) and 10 core target proteins
(TNF, AKT1, ALB, IL-1β, TP53, EGFR, CASP3, MMP9, PTGS2, BCL2) is the closest. The
results of enrichment analysis showed that the most enriched pathways were pathways related to
inflammation, human T-cell leukemia virus type ??? infection, PI3K-Akt and IL-17.

Conclusion:

The Chinese herbal medicine R. molle may regulate multiple pathways by interacting
with multiple drug-active compounds and core targets, and cause the patient's immune system to
respond accordingly, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and relieving joint pain.
In silico and In vitro Assessment of Dimeric Flavonoids (Brachydins) on Rhipicephalus microplus Glutathione S-transferase
Authors: dos Santos Bezerra Wallyson André , Tavares Caio Pavão , Lima Victor Antônio Silva , da Rocha Cláudia Quintino , da Silva Vaz Junior Itabajara , Michels Paul A.M. , Costa Junior Livio Martins , dos Santos Soares Alexandra Martins
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Rhipicephalus microplus, an important cattle ectoparasite, is responsible
for a substantial negative impact on the economy due to productivity loss. The emergence of resistance
to widely used commercial acaricides has sparked efforts to explore alternative products
for tick control.

Methods:

To address this challenge, innovative solutions targeting essential tick enzymes, like
glutathione S-transferase (GST), have gained attention. Dimeric flavonoids, particularly brachydins
(BRAs), have demonstrated various biological activities, including antiparasitic effects. The objectives
of this study were to isolate four dimeric flavonoids from Fridericia platyphylla roots and to
evaluate their potential as inhibitors of R. microplus GST.

Results:

In vitro assays confirmed the inhibition of R. microplus GST by BRA-G, BRA-I, BRA-J,
and BRA-K with IC50 values of 0.075, 0.079, 0.075, and 0.058 mg/mL, respectively, with minimal
hemolytic effects. Molecular docking of BRA-G, BRA-I, BRA-J, and BRA-K in a threedimensional
model of R. microplus GST revealed predicted interactions with MolDock Scores of -
142.537, -126.831, -108.571, and -123.041, respectively. Both in silico and in vitro analyses show
that brachydins are potential inhibitors of R. microplus GST.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study deepen our understanding of GST inhibition in ticks, affirming
its viability as a drug target. This knowledge contributes to the advancement of treatment modalities
and strategies for improved tick control.
Bibliometric Analysis of MSC-based Therapies for Non-COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Huang Shengyu , Wang Dan , Wang Yusong , Ma Qimin , Zhu Zhihao , Liu Xiaobin , Shen Tuo , Wang Xin , Yang Guangping , Ma Shaolin , Guo Guanghua , Zhu Feng
Published: June 2024

Background:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) poses a significant challenge
as it lacks specific treatments and can occur due to various etiologies. Mesenchymal stem
cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for ARDS due to their immunomodulatory,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Despite encouraging findings from preclinical
studies, clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of MSCs in non-COVID-19 ARDS remains
insufficient.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search of three major databases (Web of Science Core Collection,
Scopus, and PubMed) to identify original articles focusing on MSCs in non-COVID-19
ARDS. Subsequently, we employed the bibliometric package in R Studio to analyze and visualize
bibliometric indicators derived from the retrieved articles.

Results:

Our analysis of 244 original studies revealed a notable trend in research on MSCs and
non-COVID-19 ARDS. While the number of publications in this area saw an increase beginning
in 2007, it exhibited a decline after 2019, with only 20 articles published in 2022. Notably, a significant
proportion (131/244) of these studies originated from Chinese scholars. MSC derivatives
emerged as a recent research focus due to their unique advantages as an alternative to MSCs. Specifically,
umbilical cord/placental-derived MSCs have gained traction, surpassing the use of bone
marrow-derived MSCs by 2022. The route of delivery is still mainly intravenous. Despite the potential
advantages of the intratracheal route for lung-related diseases, the intravenous route remains
the preferred mode of drug delivery.

Conclusion:

Research on non-COVID-19 ARDS deserves further attention and investments. Existing
studies have primarily focused on MSC derivatives that have shown clinical efficacy. Furthermore,
umbilical cord/placental-derived MSCs are expected to replace traditional bone marrow-
derived MSCs in research. Intratracheal delivery, which offers advantages for treating pulmonary
diseases, still requires extensive experiments to validate.
Correction of Warfarin Coagulopathy for Non-bleeding Patients in the Outpatient Setting at an Ambulatory Care Organization: Application of Vitamin K Guidance
Authors: Khan Aaminah , DeiCicchi David , Collins Peter , Ranade Ashwini , Zaiken Kathy
Published: June 2024

Background:

Warfarin is an effective anticoagulant but requires close International
Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring and may occasionally require correction of excessive anticoagulation.
Current guidelines provide limited practical guidance on the administration
of vitamin K for the management of supratherapeutic INR levels ≥ 5.0 in non-bleeding outpatients.

Objective:

Based on expert consensus and guidelines, the Atrius Health Anticoagulation Management
Services (AMS) has developed internal guidance for oral vitamin K use in highly selected
populations. This study will describe the internal guidance for oral vitamin K use and present
associated results and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Episodes with INR > 5.0 were included, with vitamin K considered for episodes with
INR ≥ 6. Moreover, compelling indications and exclusions to select ideal patients for vitamin K
intervention were also defined.

Results:

Overall, episodes were managed conservatively; of the 246 collected episodes of excessive
anticoagulation, in 18 episodes (7%), patients received vitamin K, and in 228 (93%) episodes,
patients did not receive vitamin K. The mean index INR was 6.0 (range 5.0 – 10.5, SD
1.07), with nearly 57% of episodes achieving INR correction and 15% of episodes developing
INR overcorrection. High thrombotic risk patients, regardless of hemorrhagic risk, were less
likely to receive vitamin K. Three episodes (1.2%) resulted in bleeding complications. No
thrombotic complications occurred during the 30-day follow-up of the index INR value ≥ 5.0.

Conclusion:

Our internal guidance is a novel, standardized approach that serves as a decision
support tool for the management of warfarin-associated coagulopathy and vitamin K intervention
using patient-specific characteristics and index INR values. This guidance may assist other anticoagulation
management services with practical applications and require validation in a prospective
clinical trial.
Marine-derived Anti-tuberculosis Compounds
Authors: Masand Mukesh , Kumar Sharma Pramod , Balaramnavar Vishal M.
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the largest
cause of death among all infectious diseases, accounting for more than two million fatalities each
year. Marine natural products and some of their derivatives have been found to have potent antitubercular
activity against Mycobacterium TB, and some of them have been chosen as prototype
molecules for the development of novel anti-tubercular drugs. Because of their strong medicinal
qualities, a variety of marine natural products such as terpenoids, alkaloids, pyrones, sterols, and
quinones derived from marine sources have piqued interest in recent decades. In this review study,
we present current discoveries on the anti-tubercular action of marine natural products, emphasizing
their medicinal potential for the treatment of tuberculosis. Based on the research from the last decade,
this review provides a full grasp of marine natural products as anti-tubercular agents, as well as
a plausible mechanism of action.
Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and In Silico Study of 1-(2-ethyl acetate)-2-styryl 5-nitroimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Aragaw Misgana , Degu Sileshi , Abebe Abiy , Abebayehu Mekonnen , Gebreheiwot Bedane Kibrom , Bisrat Daniel , Tadesse Solomon
Published: June 2024

Background:

For more than six decades, the use of metronidazole has been limited
to anaerobic microorganisms. However, there are accounts of metronidazole derivatives exhibiting
strong effectiveness against facultative anaerobic bacteria, suggesting that there may
be another mechanism of action for metronidazole. Recent studies have shown that the enzyme
FabH (β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III), responsible for the first step of fatty
acid biosynthesis (FAB), is a promising target for nitroimidazole derivatives that can be used
as an effective anti-infective agent.

Objective:

This study aimed to synthesize 1-(2-ethyl acetate)-2-styryl nitroimidazole derivatives
and evaluate their in vitro and in silico antibacterial activity

Methods:

We synthesized 2-styryl 5-nitroimidazole derivatives by first condensing metronidazole
with benzaldehydes and then carrying out an acetylation reaction. We evaluated the
antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against three Gram-positive bacterial
strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae)
and three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Klebsiella pneumoniae) using a two-fold serial dilution MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-
2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.

Results:

Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited the highest level of antibacterial effectiveness, with
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 1.56 μg/mL against S. agalactiae and 3.13
μg/mL against P. aeruginosa. Compounds 2 and 4 also exhibited potent activity against K.
pneumonia, with an MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking
studies revealed that both compounds have favorable hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions
with conserved residues in the binding site of the E. coli β-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein
synthase III (FabH) complex.

Conclusion::

Acetylation of 2-styryl-5-nitroimidazoles improved both their biological activity
and binding interaction with the target protein