bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A protocol for evaluating a multi-level implementation theory to scale up obstetric triage in referral hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Williams Caitlin Rain , Bogdewic Stephanie , Owen Medge , Srofe Emmanuel K. , Ramaswamy Rohit
Published: March 2020

Background Ghana significantly reduced maternal and newborn mortality between 1990 and 2015, largely through efforts focused on improving access to care. Yet achieving further progress requires improving the quality and timeliness of care. Beginning in 2013, Ghana Health Service and Kybele, a US-based non-governmental organization, developed an innovative obstetric triage system to help midwives assess, diagnosis, and determine appropriate care plans more quickly and accurately. In 2019, efforts began to scale this successful intervention into six additional hospitals. This protocol describes the theory-based implementation approach guiding scale-up and presents the proposed mixed-methods evaluation plan. Methods An implementation theory was developed to describe how complementary implementation strategies would be bundled into a multi-level implementation approach. Drawing on the Interactive Systems Framework and Evidenced Based System for Implementation Support, the proposed implementation approach is designed to help individual facilities develop implementation capacity and also build a learning network across facilities to support the implementation of evidence-based interventions. A convergent design mixed methods approach will be used to evaluate implementation with relevant data drawn from tailored assessments, routinely collected process and quality monitoring data, textual analysis of relevant documents and WhatsApp group messages, and key informant interviews. Implementation outcomes of interest are acceptability, adoption, and sustainability. Discussion The past decade has seen a rapid growth in the development of frameworks, models, and theories of implementation, yet there remains little guidance on how to use these to operationalize implementation practice. This study proposes one method for using implementation theory, paired with other kinds of mid-level and program theory, to guide the replication and evaluation of a clinical intervention in a complex, real-world setting. The results of this study should help to provide evidence of how implementation theory can be used to help close the “know-do” gap.
Biospeckle optical coherence tomography in speedy visualizing effects of foliar application of plant growth hormone to Chinese chives leaves
Authors: RAJAGOPALAN UMAMAHESWARI , Kabir Mahjabin , Lim Yiheng , Kadono Hirofumi
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of applying the contrast of the speckles obtained as noise in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to monitor short term activity changes during foliar application of phytohormones to a plant. Plant growth hormone, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was sprayed onto the leaf of Chinese chives and after 60 minutes, OCT images (1frame:512x2048pixles) were recorded at 10 frames per second for a period of 60 seconds.

Contrast across the temporal axis was calculated for each pixel of the structural images and biospeckle OCT contrast images were obtained under the condition of before and after application of GA3 for different concentrations 0, 40, and 100 mM. Application of 40 mM GA 3 failed to show any differences in the OCT structural images; however, bOCT contrast image was clearly different. Although the mechanism for the contrast difference is not clear, it can be said there is a large change across the temporal scale with the application of GA 3 . This could be due to the changes in the leaf surface structures. Demonstration of OCT utilizing the speckle contrast is believed to have the potential as a promising tool in plant physiology.
Effects Of Environmental Factors And Atmospheric Pollution In The Incidence Of Hospital Admissions By Stroke In São Paulo City
Authors: Takahashi Andre , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara , Paiva Laércio da Silva , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Adami Fernando
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To analyze the association between ambient temperature, air humidity and atmospheric pollution with the incidence of hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo in 2016. Results: An average in the year 2016 was observed for CO of 0.58 ppm (SD = 0.12), not exceeding 0.81 ppm. For MP10, there was an annual average of 28, 26 μg / m3 (SD = 7.13), ranging from 20, 45 μg / m3 to 42.81 μg / m3. MP2.5 had a mean of 2016 of 13.40 μg / m3 (SD = 5.01). SO2 had an annual average of 1,90 μg / m3 (SD = 0,90), with a minimum of 1,20 μg / m3 and a maximum of 4,20 μg / m3. It is observed that the higher incidence values of stroke were stated in the colder and drier months at the year between May and August, that is evident looking for the female incidence of 769 in August and the male incidence of 8.92 in July. This fact matches with high concentrations of the pollutants, mostly SO2 that had the most relevant value of 4.2 μg / m3 in July.
SARS-CoV-2 infected host cell proteomics reveal potential therapy targets
Authors: Bojkova Denisa , Klann Kevin , Koch Benjamin , Widera Marek , Krause David , Ciesek Sandra , Cinatl Jindrich , Münch Christian
Published: March 2020

A novel coronavirus was recently discovered and termed SARS-CoV-2. Human infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), for which, at this point, over 80,000 cases resulting in over 2,500 deaths have been reported in over 40 countries. SARS-CoV-2 shows some similarities to other coronaviruses. However, treatment options and a cellular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Here we identify the host cell pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-19 infection and reveal that drugs targeting pathways prevent viral replication in human cells. We established a human cell culture model for infection with SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate. Employing this system, we determined the SARS-CoV-2 infection profile by translatome and proteome proteomics at different times after infection.These analyses revealed that SARS-CoV-2 reshapes central cellular pathways, such as translation, splicing, carbon metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways were tested in cellular infection assays and prevented viral replication. Our results reveal the cellular infection profile of SARS-CoV-2 and led to the identification of drugs inhibiting viral replication. We anticipate our results to guide efforts to develop therapy options for COVID-19.Authors Denisa Bojkova, Kevin Klann, and Benjamin Koch contributed equally to this workData associated with the preprint has been made available on the authors' website.
Tree Age Influences Nutrient Partitioning among Annually Removed Aboveground Organs of Peach
Authors: Zhou Qi , Melgar Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research was to assess how fruit tree age influences nutrient partitioning patterns in aboveground organs. We selected 6-year-old (mature) and 20-year-old (old) ‘Cresthaven’ peach trees and measured the macronutrient concentrations in organs removed during pruning, thinning, harvesting, and leaf fall for 3 years. Then, we calculated the total amount of nutrients removed at each event and studied the partitioning patterns between mature and old peach trees. The results showed that mature peach trees had higher phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in fruit mesocarp and fallen leaves than old trees. When we estimated the total nutrient content, mature peach trees allocated more nitrogen (N), P, K, and calcium (Ca) to pruned wood and harvested fruit but had less N and Ca in senescing leaves compared with old peach trees. The results of this study suggest that the different proportion of organs removed through orchard management practices from trees of different ages as well as the concentration of nutrients in these organs must be considered when estimating nutrient restitution needs and tree nutritional requirements.
Metasomatism-controlled hydrogen distribution in the Spitsbergen upper mantle
Authors: Tang Wenting , Hui Hejiu , Ionov Dmitri A. , Chen Wei , Zhang Lisha , Xu Yongjiang
Published: March 2020

Hydrogen concentrations in minerals of peridotite xenoliths in alkali basaltic rocks from Quaternary volcanoes in northwest Spitsbergen were measured using polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to trace the effects of geologic processes on hydrogen distribution in the continental lithospheric mantle. The mineral grains show hydrogen profiles with lower concentrations at rims suggesting diffusive hydrogen loss during the entrapment and transport of the xenoliths in magma. However, hydrogen concentrations in the centers of the grains are uniform and appear to represent hydrogen abundances in the Spitsbergen upper mantle. The olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene contain 1–10, 130–290, and 350–560 ppm H2O, respectively. Hydrogen abundances away from metasomatic melt conduits recorded by Type 1 xenoliths are correlated with the concentrations of incompatible trace elements, indicating that hydrogen distribution is related to mantle metasomatism. By contrast, hydrogen near the melt conduits, recorded by Type 2 xenoliths, shows no regular correlations with incompatible trace elements (except Nb in clinopyroxene) and may be affected by fractional crystallization of amphibole in the conduits. Hydrogen contents decrease away from the melt conduits and are controlled by the interaction between the depleted host mantle and percolating metasomatic melts. Therefore, the metasomatic melt could have variably hydrated the Spitsbergen upper mantle via different processes. The H2O/Ce ratios of the melt in equilibrium with clinopyroxene near the metasomatic melt conduits range from 93 to 218, i.e., within the oceanic island basalt (OIB) range. This is consistent with that the metasomatic melt could have been derived from OIB-type sources evidenced by the Sr-Nd isotope compositions of the xenoliths.
Effects of the dissolution of thermal barrier coating materials on the viscosity of remelted volcanic ash
Authors: Müller Dirk , Hess Kai-Uwe , Kueppers Ulrich , Dingwell Donald B.
Published: March 2020

The chemical interaction between remelted volcanic ash and ceramic coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and/or gadolinium zirconate (GZO) is of special importance for the design of volcanic ash melt-resistant thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for aviation turbine technologies. The spreading and infiltration potential of the melts is strongly influenced by the melt viscosity. Thus the interpretation of infiltration experiments and modeling of infiltration processes both rely on accurate viscosity data. Melt viscosity may be significantly altered by the dissolution of the YSZ or GZO thermal barrier coatings during the infiltration process. Here, we have determined the influence of YSZ and GZO additions to the viscosity of a series of volcanic ash melts using high-temperature concentric cylinder viscometry. All samples have been characterized fully after viscometry. At 6.5 wt% of YSZ or GZO, both dopants lead to a reduction of viscosity in a temperature range between 1297–1640 °C in air. The magnitude of the decrease in viscosity depends weakly on volcanic ash melt composition. The viscosity effect has been parameterized in the following form:

Δ η = x ⋅ m dopant

whereby x is a melt-composition specific coefficient of viscosity decrease, and mdopant represents the added amount of YSZ/GZO (wt%). This viscosity reduction should contribute to an acceleration of the physical infiltration of TBCs via remelted volcanic ash.
MİRASIN PAYLAŞILMASI SÖZLEŞMESİ VE BUNUN ARABULUCULUK BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZER DENİZ Miray
Published: March 2020

Mirasın paylaşılması, miras ortaklığının sona erme biçimlerinden biridir. Mirasın paylaşımı mahkeme kararıyla veya iradi olarak yapılabilir. Mirasın sözleşmeyle paylaşılabilmesi için tüm mirasçıların bu yönde anlaşması gerekir. Mirasın paylaşılması sözleşmesinde irade özgürlüğü prensibi esastır. Bu ilke kapsamında, öncelikle paylaşma her zaman istenebilir. Ayrıca, paylaşmanın ne şekilde yapılacağına dair hükümler emredici nitelikte değildir. Bir başka deyişle, hem mirasbırakan hem de mirasçılar, mirasın paylaşımı konusunda irade serbestîsi prensibine dayanarak kendi kurallarını belirleyebilirler. Miras hukukunda genellikle birden fazla taraf vardır. Bu durum, özellikle mirasçılara ulaşmayı ve mirasın mahkeme aracılığıyla paylaşılmasını zorlaştırır. Dolayısıyla, genelde uygulamada miras davaları oldukça uzun sürmekte ve epey masraflı olmaktadır. Bu noktada, yargılama süresini ve masrafını azaltmayı amaçlayan arabuluculuk yönteminin mirasın paylaşımına elverişliliği değerlendirilmelidir. Arabuluculuk yöntemi, gönüllülük ve bağımsızlık esasına dayanır ve sürece yargı yolundan daha esnektir. Gerek mirasçılar gerekse mirasbırakanın alacaklıları bakımından, mirasın paylaşılmasının uzun süren dava yerine kısa sürede daha esnek çözümler sunan arabuluculuk yöntemiyle yapılması her taraf için daha yararlı olacaktır.
RESMİ SİCİL VE SENETLERLE İSPAT
Authors: KAVAK Yalçin
Published: March 2020

Resmi sicil, içeriği hakkında, ilgisi ve menfaati olan kişilerin bilgi edinmelerini sağlayan ve resmi memurlar tarafından tutulan kayıtlardır. Resmi senetler ise, kanun veya tarafların iradesiyle resmi şekle bağlanan, resmi görevli kişiler tarafından kanunda belirtilen şekle uygun olarak düzenlenen senetlerdir. Medeni Kanun m.7 hükmü, resmi sicil ve senetlerin doğruyu yansıttığı konusunda bir karine kabul etmiş ve bu karinenin aksinin her türlü delille kanıtlanmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak Medeni Usul Hukuku Kanunu m.201 hükmü, senede karşı senet mecburiyeti getirmiştir. Ayrıca aynı Kanun m.204 hükmü, ilamlarla noterler tarafından düzenlenen senetleri, sahtelikleri ispat olunmadıkça, kesin delil saymış ve bu suretle resmi sicil ve senetlerin içeriğinin doğru olmadığının ispatı hususunda Medeni Kanun m.7/II hükmü ile getirilmiş bulunan delil serbestisi daraltılmıştır. İsviçre’de federal nitelikte bir medeni usul hukuku kanunu 2011 yılından beri vardır. Ayrıca, İsviçre’ de taraflar arasında bir eşitlik sağlamak amacıyla, karinenin aksini ispatlayacak tarafa, resmi sicil ve senetlerin doğru olmadığını her türlü delille ispat etme imkanı verilmiştir. Bu nedenle, ülkemizde başka kanun hükümleri ile aksini ispata getirilmiş olan kısıtlamalar, MK.m. 7 hükmünün ruhu ve amacı ile bağdaşmamaktadır.
Pemahaman Konsep Siswa melalui Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbantuan Simulasi PhET
Authors: Rais Asep Abdur , Hakim Lukman , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand students' concepts on indicators exemplifying the level of understanding of student concepts through guided inquiry. The population of this study was all  grade XI students in one of the high schools in Palembang. This research is quantitative research. The results of understanding students' concepts can be seen from the results of the posttest of each class using t-test. Based on the results of the study showed there were differences between students in the experimental class and the control class. This can be seen from the t-test using SPSS 22 obtained significant results (2 –tailled  of 0.00. These results indicate the guided inquiry model has an influence on understanding the concepts of physics.
Türkiye’de İller Arası Otomobil Yolculuklarının Çekim Yöntemi ile Modellenmesi ve CBS Ortamında İncelenmesi
Authors: VİTOŞOĞLU Yaşar , GÜNGÖR H. Canan , YALINIZ Polat
Published: March 2020

Literatürde başlangıç-son (O-D) matrislerini elde etmek için birçok model olmasına rağmen, ev anketlerini veya yol kenarı görüşmelerini esas alan yaklaşımların kullanılması pahalıdır. Bu nedenle, O-D matrislerini elde etmek için daha ucuz olan yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden birisi Bell tarafından geliştirilmiş olup, yolculuk matrislerini taşıt sayımlarından elde etmektedir. İller arası otomobil yolculuk matrisini bulmak için bu model kullanıldıktan sonra, çekim esaslı bir yolculuk dağıtımı modeli geliştirilmiştir. Elde edilen matris, daha sonra mekânsal analizleri gerçekleştirmek için Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ortamına aktarılmıştır.
Biodegradation of low molecular weight polyacrylamide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effect of the molecular weight
Authors: Song Wenzhe , Zhang Yu , Hamidian Amir Hossein , Yang Min
Published: March 2020

The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 106 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0–52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 107 Da, 11.2–17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 106 to 6.45–7.42 × 105 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 107 to 3.76–5.87 × 106 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 105 and 5.68 × 105 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.
Influence of filter layer positions and hydraulic retention time on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by porous asphalt pavement
Authors: Luo Hui , Guan Lin , Jing Zhaoqian , Zhang Zeyu , Hu Xiaobo , Tao Mengni , Wang Yin
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the removal processes of nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N and phosphorus (TP) from surface runoff by performing experiments on the filter layers in porous asphalt pavement (PAP). Experiments were conducted to compare the differences of the filter layer placed at the top, the middle or the bottom of PAP. The effects of retention time on the removal of the pollutants and the adsorption capacity of PAP materials were also investigated. Results indicated that the filter layer placed under the bed course improved the removal rates of pollutants compared to the other two cases on the whole. The concentration of TP in the effluent decreased by 80% after the 48 h retention time. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the positions of filter layers and the temporary retention time of surface runoff within the bed course of PAP were critical parameters for determining the removal processes of pollutants. Thus, a certain retention time for surface runoff in bed course is of great importance for PAP to serve as an effective low impact development technology for stormwater management.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in soils of greenhouses located in Aksu Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Olgun Bihter , Doğan Güray
Published: March 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic compounds that are generally absorbed on organic fraction of soils. It is known that some PAHs, which can pass to air, soil, water and food as a result of natural or anthropogenic processes, have carcinogenic, toxic and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. One of the important steps that is identified in the transition takes place during agricultural production. Greenhouses are commonly used as a type of agricultural production especially during the winter season in mid and temperate climates. Greenhouse cultivation is abundant in Antalya Aksu Region in Turkey. Two sampling campaigns (autumn and winter) were carried out to sample the soils in 53 glass and polyethylene covered greenhouses. The samples were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 16 PAHs. The result showed that four ring PAHs were dominant in the region. In the winter season, PAHs concentrations increase because of low volatility of motor vehicle exhaust related PAHs in the atmosphere and of coal and wood combustion emissions used in the heating of greenhouses and surrounding village houses. The cross plots of diagnostic ratios also confirmed coal and wood combustion and traffic emissions in the region.
Regional comparisons of the accessibility and use of ICT in the regions of Russia: the possibility of using integrated indicators
Authors: Bychkova S. G. , Parshintseva L. S.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study. The aim of the study is a statistical analysis of the accessibility and the use of information and communication technologies for the population and households based on the developed integrated indices in the regional aspect.

Fundamental international documents refer to the increasing role of information in all spheres of society, and indicate that the number of the poorest households with, for example, a mobile phone is higher than that with the access to clean drinking water.

Thus, it can be noted that the level of accessibility and use of information and communication technologies is a priority for the development of both individual countries and the world community as a whole.

Materials and methods. Methods of grouping and multidimensional classification, analysis of variation, normalizing, construction of multidimensional averages and correlation analysis, as well as tabular and graphical methods of visual representation of the results of the study were used as statistical tools for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to process the primary information.

Results. Comparison of currently used indicators has revealed the need to develop and build integrated indices in four main areas of ICT research: infrastructure (physical and information), ICT accessibility (physical and price affordability), the use of ICT (by the population and households, enterprises and organizations, in the public sector), knowledge and skills (education, digital skills). In this study, the analysis was carried out according to the characteristics of the accessibility and the use of ICT for the population and households. The results of the study at the federal district level led to the conclusion that, despite the existence of a unified policy in the field of ICT development and information society at the federal level, there are significant differences in the management of this process and the level of implementation of system development measures for ICT in individual federal districts and regions. The main result of the study is the classification of regions by levels of accessibility and use of ICT. The analysis revealed a significant direct relationship between the components of ICT accessibility and its use. The ratings based on the calculated multidimensional averages allowed us to reveal the leader and lagging regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the development of ICT and information society.

Conclusion. According to the results of the statistical research positions of regions of the Russian Federation on the accessibility levels and the use of information and communication technologies were determined, as well as a direct relationship between the indices of accessibility and the use of ICT was revealed as a whole in the Russian Federation, and in individual federal districts.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane /Platelets Rich Plasma/Gelrite-Based Hydrogel Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ahmadipour Saeedeh , Varshosaz Jaleh , Hashemibeni Batool , Safaeian Leila , Manshaei Maziar
Published: March 2020

Background:

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a monomer with silicon structure and an
internal nanometric cage.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to provide an injectable hydrogel that could be easily located in open or
closed bone fractures and injuries, and also to reduce the possible risks of infections caused by bone graft either
as an allograft or an autograft.

Methods:

Various formulations of temperature sensitive hydrogels containing hydroxyapatite, Gelrite, POSS and
platelets rich plasma (PRP), such as the co-gelling agent and cell growth enhancer, were prepared. The hydrogels
were characterized for their injectability, gelation time, phase transition temperature and viscosity. Other physical
properties of the optimized formulation including compressive stress, compressive strain and Young’s modulus as
mechanical properties, as well as storage and loss modulus, swelling ratio, biodegradation behavior and cell toxicity
as rheometrical parameters were studied on human osteoblast MG-63 cells. Alizarin red tests were conducted
to study the qualitative and quantitative osteogenic capability of the designed scaffold, and the cell adhesion to
the scaffold was visualized by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:

The results demonstrated that the hydrogel scaffold mechanical force and injectability were 3.34±0.44
Mpa and 12.57 N, respectively. Moreover, the scaffold showed higher calcium granules production in alizarin red
staining compared to the control group. The proliferation of the cells in G4.5H1P0.03PRP10 formulation was significantly
higher than in other formulations (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The optimized Gelrite/Hydroxyapatite/POSS/PRP hydrogel scaffold has useful impacts on osteoblasts
activity, and may be beneficial for local drug delivery in complications including a break or bone loss.
A Peptide Construct Mediates Focal Adhesion Pathway Through the Activation of Integrin Receptor
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Kakavandi Naser , Rezaee Shima , Shabani Mohammad , Najafi Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Background:

The integrin family receptors stimulate the cellular proliferation and migration through
the focal adhesion pathway by the activation of PTK2, VASP and TSP1 proteins. The purpose of this study was
to investigate the integrin-ligated motifs through the activation of focal adhesion pathway.

Methods:

A chimeric peptide was predicted from the integrin-mediated ligands by bioinformatics tools. The
VSMCs were treated with the chimeric peptide and simvastatin. The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein and gene
expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. AutoDock Tools
were used for the docking technique.

Results:

The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein expression levels increased significantly in the VSMCs treated with
chimeric peptide in conversely with the effects of simvastatin. The docking results suggested two motifs in the
chimeric peptide.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the chimeric peptide activated the focal adhesion pathway. The motifs 1 and 2 may be
directly involved in the transduction of signal by integrin family receptors.
Development of an Oral Amphotericin B Formulation as an Alternative Approach to Parenteral Amphotericin B Administration in the Treatment of Blood-Borne Fungal Infections
Authors: Wasan Kishor M.
Published: March 2020

:

In the Fall of 1999, we presented at medical “Grand Rounds” to a number of Infectious Diseases physicians
at Vancouver General Hospital about the co-administration of several antifungal compounds in the treatment
of blood-borne fungal infections to patients who were immunocompromised (i.e. cancer patients, patients
waiting organ transplantation, HIV/AIDs patients, etc.). During the presentation, a physician from the back of the
room called out “can you develop an oral formulation of amphotericin B which could be effective and not have
the side-effects associated with the parenteral formulations of the drug”. The physician stated that an oral formulation
would be a big step forward, improving patient compliance, helping in pre-treatment without admitting
patients to the hospital prior to organ transplantation and it would be cost-effective.
Initially, I responded to the physician, that it would not be possible to develop an oral amphotericin B formulation
that could be absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a high enough concentration to be effective in treating
blood-borne fungal infections and yet remains non-toxic due to the physical chemical properties of the drug.
However, as I travelled back to my lab from the meeting, it struck me that our understanding of how lipids had
been processed and orally absorbed from the GI had advanced to the point the maybe incorporating amphotericin
B into such lipids might work.
Within several years, our laboratory was able to develop a novel oral amphotericin B formulation that was indeed
effective in treating systemic fungal infections without the side-effects associated with the drug in a variety of
fungal animal models.
Organic Triads for Solar Cells Application: A Review
Authors: Zając Dorota , Sołoducho Jadwiga , Cabaj Joanna
Published: March 2020

The need to find alternative sources of energy and environmental protection has
resulted in the significant development of organic photovoltaics. The synthesis of organic
compounds that will ensure the efficiency of the cells has become a key issue. In this
work, we present an overview of materials based on donor-linker-acceptor structural motifs,
and summarize the current state of research which can help in the design of new, effective
photovoltaic materials.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA ONLINE PARA DOCENTES QUE ATUAM NO ATENDIMENTO PEDAGÓGICO AO ESCOLAR EM TRATAMENTO de SAÚDE
Authors: Ferreira Jacques de Lima , Behrens Marilda Aparecida
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar um processo de formação continuada online que foi ofertado aos professores que atuam no atendimento pedagógico ao escolar em tratamento de saúde (APETS), durante uma pesquisa aprovada pelo CNPq “Eureka – Ambiente Virtual favorecendo a formação continuada onlinedos professores que atuam com escolares em tratamento de saúde”. A problemática investigada foi a seguinte: Como a formação continuada na modalidade onlinepode contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores que atuam no atendimento pedagógico ao escolar em tratamento de saúde e quais as repercussões dessa formação pedagógica? Numa abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso que envolveu 295 docentes de diversos estados brasileiros que atuam no APETS. Os dados foram coletados a partir de dois questionários (processual e diagnóstico), com perguntas abertas e fechadas que propiciaram a análise de conteúdo baseada na perspectiva de Bardin (2011), e contou com o auxílio do softwareAtlas Ti. Os resultados revelaram que o processo de formação onlineofertado aos professores que atuam no APETS contribui para o desenvolvimento profissional docente quando os construtos trabalhados na formação continuada contemplam a relação entre educação e saúde, numa visão inovadora que garanta a conexão entre a teoria e a prática.
JOGOS DIGITAIS NA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Veloso Ana Isabel , Costa Liliana , Ribeiro Tânia
Published: March 2020

Na sociedade contemporânea, existem duas tendências que serviram de mote aos desafios expostos neste artigo: o envelhecimento populacional, que é uma realidade na sociedade atual em constantes mudanças econômicas, políticas e sociais; e o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), que representa um dos grandes problemas de saúde, afetando principalmente pessoas com mais de 55 anos. As plataformas digitais, concretamente os jogos digitais, podem ajudar: na promoção de uma vida ativa; na autonomia; e na reabilitação do idoso. Com o objetivo de fomentar essa ajuda foram concebidos e desenvolvidos dois jogos, JUMP e o PhysioFun, descritos no presente artigo. O jogo JUMP foi concebido e desenvolvido em participatory designcom os alunos de uma Universidade de Terceira Idade. Este pretende promover a aprendizagem para o envelhecimento ativo, ajudar a sensibilizar para hábitos de vida saudáveis e eventualmente influenciar o jogador para mudar os seus comportamentos menos benéficos para outros mais saudáveis. O jogo PhysioFun foi concebido e desenvolvido numa metodologia de investigação de desenvolvimento com os profissionais de saúde e pretende servir como uma ferramenta completar à fisioterapia na reabilitação de pacientes vítimas de AVC. Para além disso, apresentam-se recomendações para o designde jogos para idosos e vítimas de AVC.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Gonçalves Taisa Grasiela Gomes Liduenha , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
Published: March 2020

Orientada pela tríade “campo, educação e políticas públicas”, a Educação do Campo é um fenômeno concreto recente da realidade brasileira. Este artigo analisa a produção científica sobre o tema da Educação do Campo presente na agenda de pesquisas acadêmicas consolidada em artigos científicos disponíveis nas bibliotecas eletrônicas SciELO e Educ@. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo está ancorado na abordagem bibliométrica e na análise de conteúdo dos artigos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a literatura científica publicada abrange o período entre 2007 e 2015, e que os principais temas tratados nos artigos são: políticas públicas, formação de educadores de campo, multisseriação, história da educação do campo, currículo, desenvolvimento, ensino de ciências, movimentos sociais e juventude, e trabalho e educação.
EXISTIR PARA RESISTIR
Authors: Souza Elizeu Clementino de
Published: March 2020

O texto discute articulações entre saúde e doença, tomando como objeto de investigação as aprendizagens biográficas que os sujeitos constroem sobre processos de adoecimento, especialmente em suas experiências com doenças crônicas, notadamente portadores do HIV/AIDS, através de narrativas de colaboradores publicadas na Revista Saber Viver, na Seção “Conte sua história”. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, toma-se como método de investigação a pesquisa (auto)biográfica e, como fonte, narrativas de experiência desses sujeitos com o adoecimento, considerando-as como dispositivo de subjetivação, intermediado pelas palavras, com vistas a discutir aspectos conceituais sobre educação terapêutica do paciente, numa perspectiva que articula cuidado-saúde-doença. As análises das narrativas buscam depreender aprendizagens biográficas e modos como os sujeitos narram suas experiências e dão sentido à doença, à saúde, aos tratamentos, aos preconceitos e às diferentes formas de enfrentamento da/sobre a doença, possibilitando analisar aprendizagens biográficas e modos como os sujeitos aprendem a (con)viver com a doença, a superar preconceitos e construir formas de enfrentamento da soropositividade.
Abuso e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes:
Authors: Zanella Maria Nilvane , Lara Angela Mara de Barros
Published: March 2020

O artigo possui como objetivo elaborar uma discussão teórico-metodológica sobre o tema abuso e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Para articular o objeto optou-se por elencar uma série de informações que contribuem para diferenciar o abuso e a exploração sexual, o comportamento dos abusadores e das vítimas, os mitos e a realidade em torno do tema, os sinais e sintomas e, finalmente, os traumas daqueles que sofrem abuso. A pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico aborda as informações divulgadas pelo Observatório Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (OBS) com vistas a melhor compreender o perfil das crianças e adolescentes abusados em relação ao critério idade e sexo. Para finalizar, apresentamos informações práticas sobre como a escola pode operacionalizar a rede de proteção e a formação de profissionais queatuam na rede de atendimento básico da criança e do adolescente em municípios de médio e pequeno porte.
Experiences and Needs of Multicultural Youth and Their Mentors, and Implications for Digital Mentoring Platforms: Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Radlick Rebecca Lynn , Mirkovic Jelena , Przedpelska Sarah , Halvorsen Brendmo Elanor , Gammon Deede
Published: March 2020

Background

Mentoring programs (ie, programs that connect youths with adult volunteers) have been shown to improve outcomes across the behavioral, social, and academic domains of youth development. As in other European countries, mentoring programs have few traditions in Norway, where interventions for multicultural youths are usually profession driven and publicly funded. Faced with the risk of disparities in education and health, there is a need to better understand this group’s experiences and requirements relative to mentoring. This would also serve as a basis for designing and implementing digital support.

Objective

The objective of this study was to gain insight into multicultural youth mentees’ and adult mentors’ experiences and needs in the context of an ongoing mentoring program, how digital support (electronic mentoring) might address these needs, and how such support could be designed and implemented.

Methods

The study used a qualitative approach, with data from 28 respondents (21 mentees and 7 mentors). In total, 4 workshops with mentees as well as semistructured interviews with mentees and mentors were conducted. The sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.

Results

In total, 3 main themes were identified from the experiences and needs reported by the mentees and mentors. These included a need for connection, help in achieving goals, and the need for security and control. Subthemes encompassed a desire to socialize with others, balancing the nature of the relationship, paying it forward, building trust, sharing insights and information with peers, goal-oriented mentees and mentors wanting to assist with goal achievement, and the fundamental need for privacy and anonymity in the digital platform.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are supported by the literature on traditional mentoring, while also offering suggestions for the design of digital solutions to supplement the in-person mentoring of multicultural youth. Suggestions include digital support for managing the mentee-mentor relationships, fostering social capital, and ways of ensuring security and control. Features of existing electronic health apps can be readily adapted to a mentoring program context, potentially boosting the reach and benefits of mentoring.
Daily Self-Monitoring of Symptoms and Skills Learning in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder Through a Mobile Phone App: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Helweg-Jørgensen Stig , Beck Lichtenstein Mia , Fruzzetti Alan E , Møller Dahl Christian , Pedersen Susanne S
Published: March 2020

Background

Patient self-monitoring via mobile phones during psychotherapy can enhance and provide an overview of psychotherapeutic progress by graphically displaying current and previous symptom scores, providing feedback to the patient, delivering psychoeducative material, and providing timely data to the therapist or treatment team.

Objective

This study will aim to assess the effects of using a mobile phone to self-monitor symptoms and acquire coping skills instead of using pen and paper during psychotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Dialectical behavior therapy will be performed to treat BPD. The primary outcome is the mean time needed to learn coping skills directed at emotion regulation; the secondary outcome is changes in the BPD symptom score as measured by the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder.

Methods

This study is a pragmatic, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited through five public general psychiatric outpatient treatment facilities in Denmark. Patients are randomly assigned, on a 1:1 basis, to either the mobile phone condition (using the Monsenso mDiary mobile app) or pen-and-paper condition. Patients will complete several self-report questionnaires on symptom severity; assessments by trained raters on BPD severity will be performed as well. Survival analysis with a shared frailty model will be used to assess the primary outcome.

Results

Recruitment began in June 2017 and was completed in February 2019 after 80 participants were recruited. The study ended in February 2020. It is expected that the benefits of mobile phone–based self-report compared to the pen-and-paper method will be demonstrated for skill learning speed and registration compliance. To our knowledge, this is the first trial exploring the impact of cloud-based mobile registration in BPD treatment.

Conclusions

This trial will report on the effectiveness of mobile phone–based self-monitoring during psychiatric treatment. It has the potential to contribute to evidence-based clinical practice since apps are already in use clinically.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03191565; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03191565

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/17737
Effectiveness of Strychnos ligustrina Bl. Extract as Feed Supplementation to Increase Immune System of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) wich againts Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Zubaidah Anis , Faidah Kuny Riski , Samsundari Sri
Published: March 2020

One of the problems of intensive cultivation of tilapia is the attack of Streptococcosis disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. To prevent it is necessary to prevent the use of natural antibiotics that is Strychnine bush extract. The method used in this research is the experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (RAL), then the data is analyzed by using ANAVA. In this research, there were five treatments with various dosages, namely treatment (K: 0%), (A: 5%), (B: 10%), (C: 15%) and (D: 20%), each treatment was repeated four times. The main parameters used are hematocrit level, leukocrit level, leukocyte count and phagocytosis activity. As a supporting parameter is water quality and MIC (Minimum Inhibitation Concentration) test. The results showed that dosage of Strychnine bush extract did not affect the level of hematocrit and leukocrit level, but significant effect on leukocyte count with the highest value at treatment B with 10% dose is 11,9 × 105 cell / mm3. Giving extract also significant effect on phagocytosis activity with the highest phagocytosis value at treatment B with dose of 10% that is 32%.Keywords: Imune system, Streptococcosis, antibiotics, Minimum Inhibitation Concentration
Growth performance of Wader Cakul juvenile (Puntius binotatus) with different stocking density
Authors: Prasetyo Dony , Zubaidah Anis , Noviana Vera
Published: March 2020

One of the freshwater fishes thatbegan to bedeveloped is Wader fish, but there is still a lot of information that has notbeen supportedon fish farming techniques. One of them is the optimal stocking density for cultivation. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rates of the WaderCakulfish (Puntiusbinotatus).This research was conductedin May - July 2018. The method used in this study was to use aCompletely Randomized Design with 4 training, namely P1 (2 fish/liter), P2 (3 fish/liter), P3 (4 fish/liter) and P4 (5 fish/liter).Each treatment was repeated3 times. The main parameters were absolute growth rate (length and weight gain)(GR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR).Data were analyzedusing ANOVA (analysis of variance) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test. The results showed that different stocking densities gave significant values (P <0.05) for GR, SGR, SR and FCR comparisons. The best treatment in this study was P1 with a growth value of 0.31 ± 0.01 gram, SGR 3.50 ± 0.03%, Long Growth 1.97 ± 0.05 cm, SR 85.07 ± 2.17% and FCR 1.47 ± 0.02. P1 (2 fish/liter) is the best maintenance to increase the growth, survival rate, and feed efficiency of thecakulwader fish.
Effectiveness of strychnine bush extract (Strychnos ligustrina blume) against to prevalence and survival rate of Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Zubaidah Anis , Samsundari Sri , Hidayaturrahmi Hidayaturrahmi
Published: March 2020

One of the problemsofintensive catfish culture is the attack of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. To prevent it is necessary to prevent the use of natural antibiotics that is strychnine bush extract. The purpose of this research is to know the ability of strychnine bush extract (Strychnos ligustrina Blume) using methanol solvent in inhibiting the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and its effect on prevalence and survival rate in Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The method used in this research is the exsperimen method by using complete randomized design (RAL). In this study there were five treatments with different doses of treatment (P1: 6%), (P2: 12%), (P3: 18%), (P4: 24%) and (P5: 30%), each treatment was repeated three replications. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using ANAVA and continued with LSD test. The results showed that the giving of strychnine bush extract with different concentrations had a very significant effect on the width of the Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial resistance zone. The lowest inhibition of the treatment (P1: 6%) with a resistance of 1.79 mm. While the highest inhibition of treatment (P5: 30%) with 8.29 mm inhibition power. In prevalenceofdumbo catfish with givingofsongga extract very real effect, treatment with lowest prevalence is treatment (P4: 24%) with prevalence value 23,3% andhighestpervalence that is treatment (P5: 30%) with prevalence value equal to 40 %. In the synthesisofdumbo catfish with the giving of strychnine bush extract have a very real effect, the treatment with lowest stability is treatment (P4: 30%) with 77% syntax value and the highest synthesis of treatment (P5: 24%) with 90% syntax value. This study resulted in the conclusion that the best treatment for prevalence and survival rate is treatment (P4: 24%). As for the higher inhibition power dose strychnine bushextractis used then the higher the power inhibition.
Effectiveness of extract Songga wood (Strychnos lucida) towards survival and antibody titers on Tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) that infected Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Zubaidah Anis , Samsundari Sri , Fitriani Vivi
Published: March 2020

Nile Tilapia or Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of commodity with a high number of consumers. But, Streptococcus agalactiae attack caused a decline in production. One way to reduce these diseases by using natural materials of songga wood (Strychnos lucida R.Br) where the songga wood contains many compounds like alkaloid, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, which can inhibit bacterial growth by damaged cell membrane. The results showed that the inhibitory songga wood extract against Streptococcus agalactiae was highly significant, and shows with the highest survival rate of 90% and proved by theincreasingantibodytitersafteraddingsonggawood extract.
The problem of understanding and interpretation of African philosophy
Authors: Chukwujekwu Ejike Sam-Festus
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to the problem of interpretation and understanding of African philosophy as a phenomenon of intercultural communication. It is a question of the presence of stereotypes in perception and assessments of African philosophy: from the assertion of its interiority and non-philosophical character to the propaganda of its primacy in the whole of world philosophy as the theorized core of spiritual life. The author also indentified the significant obstacle in the study of African philosophy and understanding of its status in the history of world philosophy. Also the article touched the importance of African revival, and the key factors to its revival, the idea of Afrocentrism was also been mentioned as the key solution for the African revival. In this work, ethnophilosophy is further considered as the source of the whole philosophy of Africa. Attention is also paid to the problem of misunderstanding and misinterpretation of African philosophy and culture in the framework of world or universal philosophy and science. Also in the article, issue of searching for African identity is being raised, the ideas and impacts of some African thinkers, also socio-political concepts such as Pan-Africanism, Negritude, African socialism, African humanism, Afrocentrism and others, which had a serious impact on African socio-political life were also identified. The diversity of ethnic cultures, and its roles in the black continent were mentioned, and as well, emphasis on ethical issues, religions representations and superstitions.