bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kommunernes produktivitet: Hvilken betydning har kommunens administrative organisering og de lokale økonomiske grundvilkår?
Authors: Houlberg Kurt , Ibsen Marius
Published: March 2022

Budgetinstitutioner og organisering har ifølge budgetlitteraturen stor betydning for offentlige organisationers økonomiske resultater. Men kan en bestemt administrativ organisering være med til at styrke en kommunes produktivitet? Empirisk viser analysen, at både kommunernes økonomiske grundvilkår og administrative organisering har betydning for produktiviteten. Produktiviteten er lavere, jo mindre økonomisk presset kommunen er, jo mindre kommunen er, og/eller hvis kommunen er organiseret med en direktionsmodel uden opdelt administrativt ansvar. En direktionsmodel kan ifølge tidligere undersøgelser styrke tværgående, strategiske og overordnede økonomistyringshensyn i form af budgetbalance og udgiftsstyring. Indeværende analyse peger på, at direktionsmodellens – intenderede – afkobling til de faglige miljøer og medarbejdere omvendt ser ud til at svække hensynet til den kommunale produktivitet. Valget af administrativ organisering ser dermed ud til at indebære et trade-off mellem en stærk udgiftsstyring og en høj produktivitet.
Activism in Danish foreign policy: UN, NATO, EU and the Nordic cooperation
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus Brun , Ringsmose Jesn
Published: March 2022

This introductory article commences with a brief overview of the existing literature on Danish foreign policy activism. We argue that the concept – activism – is useful in terms of labelling Danish foreign policy in general but also that the notion of activism hampers a more nuanced understanding of Denmark’s recent foreign policy as it relates almost entirely to Danish security policies. To more comprehensively appreciate the true nature of Danish foreign policy, we have to be more precise when operationalizing the concept of activism and engage with a compartmentalized understanding of Denmark’s policies vis-à-vis her international surroundings. We do both in the article’s second main section and we develop a typology for analyzing different types of foreign policies. In the article’s third and last section, we compare four major institutional tracks in Danish foreign policy: EU, NATO, UN and the Nordic track.
Anmeldelse af På vej til borgerløn
Authors: Midtgaard Søren Flinch
Published: March 2022

Erik Christensen, På vej til borgerløn, Forlaget Hovedland, 2017 (anmeldt af Søren Flinch Midtgaard)
Organ donation and nudging
Authors: Midtgaard Søren Flinch , Albertsen Andreas
Published: March 2022

For many, receiving an organ transplantation is the only viable way to prolong their lives and increase their quality of life. However, the demand for organs exceeds supply. Are there efficient and ethically acceptable ways of increasing the number of organ donors? Recently, nudging has been proposed as an attractive policy instrument. Nudging eschews coercing people. It affects instead the choice architecture within which people make their choices. Still, autonomy concerns arise. Accordingly, we have to make a difficult trade-off between augmenting people’s welfare, on the one hand, and respecting their autonomy on the other. An opt-out system in which people count as donors unless they state otherwise is, however, likely to increase donations considerably, and to do so at acceptable costs in terms of infringements on autonomy.
The limits of the law, the socioeconomic bias in turnout, and the justification of compulsory voting
Authors: Thaysen Jens Damgaard
Published: March 2022

Since nonvoting is concentrated among badly off electors, the introduction of compulsory voting will raise electoral turnout among badly off electors more than among well off electors. Therefore, compulsory voting increases the political influence of the worst off. This well-founded empirical claim is central to the two most prominent arguments in favor of compulsory voting. According to both arguments, compulsory voting is justified because of the good consequences of increasing the political influence of badly off electors. It is, however, not possible to justify compelling well off electors to vote on the grounds that it is desirable to raise turnout among badly off electors. Therefore, both arguments fail.
”Det er ligesom en eksamen”: et eksplorativt studie af borgerstrategier inden mødet med det offentlige
Authors: Bisgaard Mette
Published: March 2022

Studier inden for offentlig forvaltning har vist, at borgernes karakteristika og adfærd i mødet med frontlinjepersonalet har betydning, når der bliver truffet beslutninger. Vi ved imidlertid ikke ret meget om borgerne som aktører. Med udgangspunkt i kvalitativt interviewmateriale med forældre, der har været til møde i Statsforvaltningen, gennemføres en eksplorativ undersøgelse af, hvordan borgere forbereder sig og udtænker strategier forud for mødet. Analysens første del viser, at borgernes strategier og forberedelse er karakteriseret ved fire forskellige dimensioner: De søger råd og vejledning, de forbereder indhold og dokumentation, de planlægger attitude og personlig fremstilling, og de forbereder sig mentalt. Men der er forskel på omfanget og indholdet af forberedelsen, hvilket afspejles i fire forskellige klienttyper: den kampklare, den selvkørende, den rådsøgende og den umiddelbare klient.
Intimate citizenship in the 21st century
Authors: Mørck Yvonne , Rosenbeck Bente
Published: March 2022

T.H. Marshall’s understanding of citizenship from 1950 continues to be reworked and expanded, for example with the concept of intimate citizenship. In general, the term refers to having or not having control over one’s body, feelings, relationships and identities. Intertwining the concepts of intersectionality (i.e., identifying interlocking systems of power/social stratification) and intimate citizenship offers a strong analytical approach to key challenges facing late-modern Danish society in relation to citizens’ personal and intimate lives. This applies to, e.g., violence against women in ethnic minority families, the living conditions of minority ethnic LGBT people and the rights of intersexed people. Thus, the claim to full citizenship also includes equality and sexual rights. Moreover, as the intersectional analytical approach is under continuous development, we wish to emphasize the need for more intersectionality-inspired analyses of everyday lives and practices.
A changing landscape of elderly care
Authors: Dahl Hanne Marlene
Published: March 2022

Elderly care is at the top of the political agenda nationally and globally due to changing demography, declining fertility rates, increasing labor market participation rates of women and the financial crisis. Elderly care has been theorized successfully within feminist care theory. However, changing societal and political conditions in the Nordic welfare regime such as professionalizing, late modernizing, degendering and neoliberalizing indicate the inadequacy of this theoretical framework. In critical dialogue with – and extension of – the feminist theory of care, I argue in favor of introducing new analytical concepts from philosophy and political science such as assemblage, relatedness, logics, multilevel governance and transnational discourses. These concepts are elaborated in view of the contemporary (human) condition.
Are women inferior to men as teachers ... according to students?
Authors: Binderkrantz Anne Skorkjær
Published: March 2022

International studies have found a gender difference in student evaluations where female teachers are evaluated lower than their male colleagues. This article investigates whether this is also the case in the Danish context. The article draws on evaluations from Aarhus BSS where a common procedure is in place for evaluating all teaching across study programs with varying gender composition of students and teachers. The material includes almost 30,000 student evaluations of more than 1,000 different teachers. Rather than a general gender bias, the analysis finds a relation between the composition of teachers, student gender and the evaluation of teachers of different gender.
Anmeldelse af Whatever Happened to Party Government? Controversies in American Political Science
Authors: Jensen Henrik
Published: March 2022

Mark Wickham-Jones, Whatever Happened to Party Government? Controversies in American Political Science. University of Michigan Press, 2018 (anmeldt af Henrik Jensen)
Will action follow words? Conditions for credibility of leadership intentions
Authors: Andersen Lotte Bøgh , Jakobsen Mads Leth
Published: March 2022

Talk without action is both cheap and ineffective. When leaders communicate a leadership intention to their followers, the credibility is important if the intention is going to affect the behavior of the followers. This article develops a theory about the conditions for credibility of leadership intentions. These conditions are good if the institutional framework, the leader’s characteristics and goals, and the leader’s prior behavior make it plausible that present and future leaders both can and will ensure that the intention is realized. To contribute to future research, the article develops expectations concerning the conditions for credibility and their effects. It also contains several points for practitioners and presents a terminology for developing the credibility of one’s own leadership intentions.
Span of control and leadership satisfaction in public and private organizations
Authors: Bro Louise Ladegaard , Langagergaard Joachim , Jacobsen Christian Bøtcher
Published: March 2022

Public leaders are managing an increasing number of employees. The literature on span of control holds arguments about positive as well as negative effects of larger spans of control, but we lack empirical studies, which directly compare the consequences of span of control in public and private organizations. Furthermore, we lack panel studies, which investigate the consequences of changes in span of control. This article focuses on leadership satisfaction and investigates the importance of span of control among 11,234 public and private employees and shows that span of control is negatively associated with leadership satisfaction, and that this negative relationship is slightly stronger in public organizations compared with private organizations. Furthermore, a panel study of a subsample provides some support for the argument that changes in leadership satisfaction occur in relation to changes in span of control –especially at lower spans of control.
When research and policy development interact: experiences from the Leadership Committion’s secretariat
Authors: Grøn Caro
Published: March 2022

When research and policy development interact, it can take a number of forms. This article provides insights from a very extensive cooperation in which the researcher took up a part-time position within the civil service. The article chronicles the cooperation and inductively presents a number of competing demands in this type of cooperation, as they appeared in the process. Finally, the article discusses what can be learned by practitioners and researchers who consider entering similar extensive cooperation.
Politisering af frivillighed i samspillet mellem den offentlige og den frivillige sektor: ”Vi skal tænke gadekæret ind”
Authors: Fehsenfeld Michael
Published: March 2022

Der er bred enighed om, at samspillet mellem den offentlige og den frivillige sektor har ændret karakter de seneste årtier. Men hvad betyder det for forståelsen af begreber som frivillighed og borger og relationen mellem borger og stat? Denne artikel undersøger politiske diskurser omkring samspillet mellem den frivillige og den offentlige sektor. Teoretisk tages der udgangspunkt i politisk antropologis forståelse af politik som en fortolkningspraksis, som skaber og definerer mening om og i den sociale verden. Det empiriske materiale udgøres af 30 interviews med lokalpolitikere og forvaltningschefer fra fem danske kommuner. På baggrund af kritisk diskursanalyse viser analysen, hvordan politiske diskurser konstruerer en ideal borgeridentitet og en forståelse af kommunen som et konsensusbåret fællesskab. Disse konstruktioner legitimeres via reference til idylliserede fremstillinger af fælles kulturelle og historiske symboler.
Decision processes in agriculture
Authors: Nielsen Helle Ørsted , Pedersen Anders Branth
Published: March 2022

Bounded rationality theory, first developed by Herbert Simon (1947), is one of the first contributions to political science that explicitly focuses on decision processes and links cognitive science to research on decision processes at the level of both the individual and organisations. In line with more recent behavioral research, bounded rationality theory holds that public policy design should build on a realistic model of human behavior. The article analyzes the decision processes of Danish farmers against their responses to two versions of pesticide taxes implemented in Denmark, one in 1998 and the other in 2013. The two taxes achieved different success rates, although neither version achieved the pesticide reductions predicted by ex-ante models that built on the assumption of farmers as economically rational. We find that farmers’ decision processes are consistent with features of bounded rationality, which may partially explain why the taxes were not as effective as predicted. However, with the second version of the tax adopted in 2013, the tax rate was doubled, which may have prompted  farmers to give higher priority to economic objectives, possibly explaining why this recent version of the tax has been more successful.
Beslutningsprocesser under EU-formandskaber
Authors: Nedergaard Peter , Friis Maja , Jensen Mads Dagnis
Published: March 2022

Denne artikel analyserer beslutningsprocesserne i centraladministrationerne under varetagelsen af formandskaberne i den Europæiske Union (EU). Gennem et Most Different Systems Design sammenlignes det polske, danske og cypriotiske EU-formandskab i årene 2011-2012, som tilsammen udgjorde en såkaldt Trio. De tre lande adskiller sig politisk, administrativt og geografisk. På trods af disse forskelle og forskelle i politiske reaktionsmønstre kan der også spores betydelige ligheder landene imellem. De viser sig, når man inddrager hele formandskabsprocessen og embedsmændenes meget centrale rolle heri. Med et datagrundlag bestående af interviews med over 80 embedsmænd i alle tre medlemslande dækkende en periode på cirka tre år, påvises det i artiklen, at der er generaliserbar viden om EU-formandskabernes beslutningsprocesser.
Imperiet slår igen: handlemuligheder og reformbeslutninger
Authors: Christiansen Peter Munk , Klitgaard Michael Baggesen
Published: March 2022

Koordinerede beslutningsprocesser og institutionaliseret samspil mellem stat og relevante interessegrupper skabte konsensus og stabilitet om politiske løsninger i den klassepolitiske æra. Det var en velegnet model i udviklingen af velfærdssamfundet, mens regeringer på den anden side af klassepolitikken har sværere ved at anvende korporativ konsensuspolitik i forbindelse med reformer, som påfører organiserede interesser koncentrerede tab. Vi argumenterer for, at det nye postklassepolitiske terræn til gengæld tilbyder reformregeringer øget fleksibilitet i alliancedannelserne med samfundets organiserede interesser, og øger de strategiske muligheder regeringer har for at maksimere eget aftryk på den førte politik. Men det er samtidig en fleksibilitet, der har en pris i form af reduceret konsensus og stabilitet omkring trufne beslutninger. Vi illustrerer relevansen af argumentet i casestudier af (dele af) kommunalreformen fra 2007, loven om lærernes tjenestetidsaftale fra 2013 samt nedsættelsen af familieejede virksomheders arveafgift i Danmark fra 2017. Skiftende danske regeringer gennemførte i alle tre tilfælde politiske reformer gennem strategiske alliancer med nogle organisationer mod andre, og der blev i alle tilfælde brudt med traditionelle allierede i det interessepolitiske terræn. I alle tilfælde fik reformregeringen også sin politik igennem. Men vi viser også, at de valgte løsninger vedvarende antastes af alternative politiske koalitioner.
The empire strikes back: options and reform decisions
Authors: Christiansen Peter Munk , Klitgaard Michael Baggesen
Published: March 2022

Political decision making based on institutionalized coordination between the state and relevant societal interests facilitated consensus and generated stable political solutions in the era of class politics. Beyond class politics and in the era of permanent austerity, governments are often caught in situations in which they pursue reform intentions that necessitate infliction of concentrated losses on organized interests, which reduce the possibility to achieve consensus. We argue that partisan governments in the post-class politics terrain rather than experiencing reduced reform capacities have more room for maneuvering and more flexibility in formation of viable reform alliances with organized interest groups. In effect, governments have improved strategic opportunities to maximize a partisan imprint on policy. The price they pay, however, is reduced consensus and reduced political stability around the decisions and policies that are carried through. We illustrate the relevance of this theoretical argument in case studies of three significant policy decisions in Denmark: a) (parts of) the local government reform from 2007, b) the decision to regulate public school teachers working conditions by law from 2013, c) the reduction of the inheritance taxes imposed on family-owned companies from 2017. In all three cases, the government implemented reforms in strategic alliances with some interest groups against the preferences of others and broke with traditional allies in the interest group terrain. In all three cases, the government maximized policy influence and had to accept that the policy decisions remain contested by alternative coalitions and majorities.
The Liberal Party: Party change despite or because of a strong party organization?
Authors: Christiansen Flemming Juul
Published: March 2022

In 2020, the Liberal Party of Denmark (Venstre) celebrated its 150-year jubilee. After 2001, the party dominated government formation and occasionally became the largest party in the electorate after dwindling support until the 1980s. The party managed to transform itself from a class-based party with strong support from rural areas to a catchall centre-right party. The article uses Harmel and Janda’s (1994) party change perspective to study the case of the Liberal Party, in particular since the 1980s. It notes that the party made ideological changes, first in a neo-liberal, and later in a more centrist direction, both times with inspiration from abroad. Leadership changes and internal trouble in the Conservative Party also catalyzed changes. The Liberal Party did not change its organization until after it had gained voters and office, and the relative strength of its party organization did not prevent changes, unlike what the theory would expect. Instead, it seems to have provided the party with more resources and time to make a change. The article discusses the party’s influence on public policies and its general situation in 2020, having lost the general election of 2019, with a new party leader, and fewer party members.
Anmeldelse af Livet i Magtens Rugekasse. Fortalt gennem fem generationer
Authors: Christensen Jens Peter
Published: March 2022

Poul Erik Mouritzen (red.), Livet i Magtens Rugekasse. Fortalt gennem fem generationer. Aarhus: Politica, 2020, 220 sider, 199 kr. (anmeldt af Jens Peter Christensen)
Den gode borger: minoritets- og majoritetsunges definitioner på og oplevelser af medborgerskab i Danmark
Authors: Bakkær Simonsen Kristina
Published: March 2022

Unges evne og vilje til medborgerskab er jævnligt til debat. Specielt unge med minoritetsetnisk baggrund anklages for ikke at forstå, hvad det vil sige at være en god borger. På baggrund af induktiv analyse af 71 interviews viser jeg, at minoritets- og majoritetsunge deler en opfattelse af ”den gode borger” som lovlydig og socialt og økonomisk bidragende. Samtidig har gruppernes forskellige status i det danske samfund betydning for, hvilke af den gode borgers kendetegn de betoner mest, og i hvilken grad de oplever at have magt til at (om)definere medborgerskabet. Mens majoritetsunge lægger vægt på, at den gode borger er politisk reflekterende, er minoritetsunge mere optagede af ikke at træde ved siden af og stikke uden for rammerne. Analysen illustrerer dermed, hvordan status og magt former medborgerskabsdefinitioner.
Samskabelse sat i system? Kommunernes brug af 17-4-udvalg
Authors: Kjær Ulrik , Opstrup Niels , Kjærgaard Thomsen Mette
Published: March 2022

En måde at organisere samskabelse på i kommunerne er udvalg nedsat efter styrelseslovens § 17, stk. 4. Disse 17-4-udvalg kan ikke tage beslutninger, kan nedsættes ad hoc, kan have medlemmer, der ikke er valgt til kommunalbestyrelsen, og søger ofte at arbejde på tværs af traditionelle sektorområder. For at et 17-4-udvalg kan have potentiale som forum for samskabelse, må det kræves, at udvalget har politikudvikling som fokus, og at der udover kommunalpolitikere også er eksterne ikkeoffentlige aktører som medlemmer. En rundspørge til alle landets kommuner viser, at otte ud af ti kommuner har et eller flere 17-4-udvalg. Selvom der oftest sidder en kommunalpolitiker for bordenden som formand, så har de fleste udvalg eksterne medlemmer. Og en stor del af dem arbejder med politikudvikling. Samlet har to ud af tre 17-4-udvalg potentiale som samskabelsesforum. Fra kommunernes synsvinkel bidrager især disse 17-4-udvalg med at gøre det politiske arbejde mere lydhørt overfor borgerne og tilføre et bedre vidensgrundlag for politiske beslutninger.
Co-creating governance: Potentials and challenges
Authors: Øllgaard Bentzen Tina
Published: March 2022

Co-creation is on the rise in Danish municipalities as a strategy for solving societal problems as well as problems related to governance in the public sector. In this article, a theoretical framework for co-creating governance is developed and used to analyze potentials and challenges in co-creating a pedagogical supervision system in Roskilde Municipality. The results show that co-creating governance strengthens ownership of supervision solutions, employees’ motivation to work with supervision as well as a perception of supervision as more supportive of task quality and efficiency. However, the results also show that co-creating governance systems demands substantial resources and requires facilitation and support throughout the chain of command. In addition, concerns about accountability and risks of de-coupling relevant actors may arise in the complex co-creation processes.
Følelser i politik: en ny tilgang til at forstå politisk adfærd
Authors: Hansen Kristina Jessen
Published: March 2022

Følelser bliver ofte anset for at være problematiske i et demokratisk samfund, hvor rationaliteten efter sigende bør råde. Men følelser er reelt uomgængelige i politik, fordi politik handler om mennesker, og følelser gennemsyrer al menneskelig beslutningstagning. Denne artikel giver en introduktion til forskningen i følelser i politik, der er inde i en hastig udvikling i disse år. Artiklen behandler, hvad følelser er, og giver et overblik over en række specifikke følelsers funktioner, eksempelvis vrede, medfølelse og frygt, samt deres konsekvenser for politisk adfærd. Med afsæt i seks udbredte misforståelser runder artiklen af med at opstille seks principper for, hvordan følelsers betydning for politik kan forstås.
Markedsstyring indenfor statens mure: statsgarantimodellen som en markedsbaseret styringsform i dansk transportinfrastruktur
Authors: Christensen Lene Tolstrup
Published: March 2022

Artiklen bidrager til den danske forvaltningslitteratur ved at præsentere, analysere og begrebsliggøre en udbredt, men overset styringsform statsgarantimodellen (SGM), som har stor betydning i fremtidens infrastrukturpolitik. Artiklen undersøger, hvordan statsgarantimodellen (SGM) har udviklet sig til en markedsbaseret styringsform i den danske infrastrukturstyring på transportområdet, som er domineret af et hierarkisk styringsparadigme. Ved hjælp af et eksplorativt kvalitativt casestudie og med udgangspunkt i begrebet om styringsparadigmer (Torfing et al., 2020) tilpasset infrastruktur viser artiklen, at SGM blev opfundet som en markedsbaseret styringsmodel til at realisere megainfrastrukturprojekter udenfor den bureaukratiske styringsform. Overgangen fra en styringsmodel for enkeltstående infrastrukturprojekter til en markedsbaseret styringsform sker ved, at der dannes driftsselskaber, der bidrager med ekspertise og finansiering til det eksisterende hierarkisk styrede transportnetværk. Over tid udvikles styringsmodellen til offentlig transport og mellemstore infrastrukturprojekter, hvor markedsbaserede styringselementer integreres ind i den bureaukratiske styringsform, hvorved normerne for finansiering i det hierarkiske styringsparadigme ændres. Over tid reduceres det politiske handlerum i forhold til eksisterende og nye SGM-projekter af modellens markedsbaserede låsemekanismer.
Emotions in politics: a new approach to understanding political behavior
Authors: Hansen Kristina Jessen
Published: March 2022

Emotions are often seen as problematic in a democratic society where rationality should apparently rule. However, emotions are inevitable in politics, because politics is about people, and all human decision making is based on emotions. This article gives an introduction to research in emotions in politics, which is progressing rapidly. The article discusses what emotions are and gives an overview of the functions of specific emotions, e.g., anger, compassion and fear, as well as their consequences for political behavior. Finally, the article highlights six widespread misunderstandings and lists six principles for understanding the link between emotions and politics.
Transcriptome analysis of the pathogenic ciliate Miamiensis avidus after hydrogen peroxide treatment
Authors: Kim Hyunsu , Lee A-Reum , Jeon Kyung-Yoon , Ko Eun-Ji , Cha Hee-Jae , Ock Mee Sun
Published: March 2022

Background: The scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus is a highly pathogenic ciliate responsible for serious damage to various organs of aquaculture fish. In particular, the olive flounder aquaculture industry is suffering massive losses due to M. avidus infection. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most widely used chemicals for scuticociliate treatment. Despite the superior killing effect of H2O2, studies on transcription levels and gene expression changes after H2O2 treatment are limited. We conducted an mRNA transcriptome analysis to compare the expressed gene (DEG) profiles between the ciliate and cyst-like stages of M. avidus after H2O2 treatment.Methods: We applied differentially expressed gene profiling to identify DEGs during the ciliate and cyst-like stages of M. avidus. Results: There were 5,967 DEGs among the 9,075 transcripts identified, and 50 of these DEGs were significantly different (p<0.05). Among these, 21 DEGs were upregulated and 29 were downregulated in the cyst-like stage. The most significantly upregulated genes during the change to the cyst-like stage were cytochrome c oxidase genes. Genes related to the calcium channel were also highly upregulated.Conclusion: The significant upregulation of cytochrome c gene expression and cytosolic calcium ion channel-related gene expression after H2O2 treatment suggests that ciliate mortality occurred through apoptosis. The formation of the cyst-like stage is considered a temporary form during the process of apoptosis. Information on the gene expression profile of M. avidus in response to H2O2 is expected to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of action of therapeutic agents against this pathogen.
Alguns achados sobre Ética em Freire na obra “Educação como prática da liberdade”
Authors: Carlos Dafiana do Socorro Soares Vicente , Silva Eduardo Jorge Lopes da
Published: March 2022

Ética é um tema necessário à vida social e aos seres humanos nas obras de Paulo Freire. Sendo assim, o presente artigo apresenta alguns achados sobre ética no livro “Educação como prática da liberdade”. O objetivo foi identificar enunciados sobre a ética, presente no discurso freireano, os quais foram analisados através da abordagem teórico-metodológica da “Análise Arqueológica do Discurso” de Foucault (2000). Ao efetivar a escavação na obra acima citada, foram identificados vários achados, cuja regularidade em meio à dispersão assinala a presença de diferentes modos de registrar a questão “ética” em Freire. Os significantes encontrados, associados ao objeto em questão foram: “integração”, “consciência”, “criticidade”, “sujeito” e “humanização”. Logo, o pensar ético freireano na obra supracitada denota sua importância como dispositivo para a formação da consciência crítica dos seres humanos, para que eles saiam da condição de sujeito-objeto, de mero expectador, manipulado, coisificado, enquadrado, para a condição de sujeito-humanizado, sujeito ético.
A influência da Unesco nas estratégias vinculadas à educação básica nos Planos do Mercosul Educacional
Authors: Diniz Júnior Carlos Antônio
Published: March 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o(s) alinhamento(s) das estratégias vinculadas à educação básica presentes nos Planos do Mercosul Educacional às orientações editadas pelo Projeto Principal de Educação para a América Latina e Caribe (PPE) no âmbito da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação (Unesco). De natureza qualitativa, a investigação teve por base a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Foram analisados documentos editados pela Unesco e os Planos do Mercosul Educacional, coletados na UNESDOC – Biblioteca digital da UNESCO – e no web site oficial do Mercosul Educacional. Além disso, tomaram-se por base estudos que tratam da educação no contexto da mundialização e do Mercosul (Educacional). Entre os resultados, destaca-se a compreensão, no âmbito dos processos de desenvolvimento dos pais, de que a educação é elemento-chave para esses processos. Além disso, observou-se que a Educação Básica foi ganhando gradativamente maior espaço nos referidos planos, trazendo elementos associados à integração regional, à focalização nas camadas sociais mais vulneráveis, à formação continuada de professores e à maior participação da sociedade nos processos decisórios. Contudo, reforça-se que o Mercosul Educacional se constitui como espaço para a confluência de ideias reformistas já expressas nos documentos da Unesco e de outros organismos internacionais.
Ensino remoto emergencial e a docência na educação superior
Authors: Deimling Natalia Neves Macedo , Reali Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
Published: March 2022

Considerando a relevância de estudos que realizem mapeamentos para desvendar e examinar o conhecimento já elaborado apontando os enfoques e as lacunas existentes sobre determinado tema, objetivou-se com este trabalho traçar as principais características e tendências dos artigos publicados no Brasil que discutem os impactos do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) na formação e no trabalho dos professores da educação superior. Para tanto, tomou-se como fonte de dados 33 artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2021, disponíveis em quatro repositórios científicos: Scielo, Portal de Periódicos da Capes, Scopus e Google Acadêmico. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico de abordagem qualitativa do tipo estado do conhecimento. Para a análise, foram consideradas as áreas de conhecimento, regiões do país, temas, objetivos e abordagens metodológicas adotadas pelos trabalhos selecionados. Entre outros aspectos, foi possível identificar a ausência de trabalhos das áreas de Ciências Biológicas, Ciências Agrárias e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e observar que, embora os estudos sobre as percepções dos professores, marcados sobretudo por depoimentos e relatos da experiência profissional, configurem-se como o principal tipo de pesquisa realizada, são poucos os artigos publicados por autores de instituições privadas ou que tomem como base dados provenientes dessas instituições. Além disso, foi identificada uma escassez de estudos que discutem os impactos do ERE na percepção de professores que atuam em cursos de licenciatura. Espera-se com este trabalho oferecer a quem se interessar uma percepção acerca da evolução dos estudos sobre o tema, configurando-se como base para o desenvolvimento de ações e pesquisas futuras.
The Philosophy of Computer Games – Introduction
Authors: Bakels Jan-Hendrik
Published: March 2022

The Philosophy of Computer Games—this special issue's topic—might seem in vogue and out of date at the same time. Out of date on the one hand, because the first wave of philosophical approaches to computer games peaked about ten years ago. On the other hand, a renewed turn to computer game aesthetics and especially the turn towards a phenomenology of computer games that has gained some new momentum recently seem to have brought new attention to what philosophy has to offer to game studies (and vice versa), raising new questions and putting new emphases on old ones.
The Game Studies Crisis: What Are the Rules of Play?
Authors: Ouellette Marc , Conway Steven
Published: March 2022

Though no field or discipline’s historical vector presents itself as a strictly linear building of knowledge, the historical trajectory of Game Studies is problematic: certainly not linear, yet also not even multiplicious or rhizomatic. Instead, we are cyclical. Past debates often re-emerge, zombie-like, muttering the same arguments, often encased in binaries as endemic to our field as they are to the objects we study: unbridgeable disagreements on fundamental concepts; incompatible ontologies and epistemologies; incommensurability writ large. We view this as a chronic issue which has of late culminated in a crisis, exacerbated by changing institutional prerogatives championing multidisciplinary approaches and demands for “public impact”. This article takes a metaphysical approach, performing a meta-review to search for the root cause of our field’s cyclical nature. We identify and explore a key issue, namely our continuing status as pre-paradigmatic field, and ask questions designed to provoke ways forward, to provide more inflection points and fewer endless loops.
Playing with Plants, Loving Computers: Queer Playfulness beyond the Human in Digital: A Love Story by Christine Love and Rustle Your Leaves to Me Softly by Jess Marcotte and Dietrich Squinkifer
Authors: Gáti Daniella
Published: March 2022

This article argues that queer playfulness sets up a utopian relationality based on desire and vulnerability between human players and their nonhuman Others. Specifically, using the indie games Rustle Your Leaves to Me Softly by Jess Marcotte and Dietrich Squinkifer and Digital: A Love Story by Christine Love as case studies, the article reconfigures the notion of queer playfulness from its more familiar conceptualizations in queer game studies as residing less in willful resistance and agentive subversion than in the willing subjection of the playing self to the play and pleasure of the nonhuman Other—in the case of these games, plants and computers. Thus, queerness manifests as a precarious form of desire that does not seek to and cannot master its object. Ultimately, the article posits queer playfulness as a radical decentering of the human subject and the playing ego in favor of a humble, vulnerable, and contingent form of relationality between humans and their unassimilable Others.
Stage 2 registered report: investigating a preference for certainty in conversation among autistic adults
Authors: Wilson Alexander C. , Bishop Dorothy V.M.
Published: March 2022

Social communication difficulties are a diagnostic feature in autism. These difficulties are sometimes attributed, at least in part, to impaired ability in making inferences about what other people mean. In this registered report, we tested a competing hypothesis that the communication profile of adults on the autism spectrum can be more strongly characterised by reduced confidence in making inferences in the face of uncertain information. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the performance of 102 autistic and 109 non-autistic adults on a test of implied meaning, using a test of grammaticality judgements as a control task. We hypothesised that autistic adults would report substantially lower confidence, allowing for differences in accuracy, than non-autistic adults on the test of implied meaning compared to the grammaticality test. However, our results did not suggest this. Instead, we found that accuracy and confidence were both reduced to a similar extent on the test of implied meaning in the autistic group compared to the control group, although these were only subtle differences. This pattern of results was specific to inference-making, as the autistic and non-autistic groups did not differ on the grammar test. This supports the idea that specific differences in pragmatic language processing can exist in autism in the absence of core language problems. Importantly, this pattern of results (differences on the test of implied meaning and no differences on the grammar test) was reversed in a group with self-reported reading difficulties, indicating that the differences in inference-making were specific to the autistic group. Lastly, we found relationships between Intolerance of Uncertainty, performance on the test of implied meaning, and self-reported social communication challenges. This supports the idea that discomfort with uncertainty plays a role in the pragmatic language and communication challenges in autism.
Morphometric Study of Foramina Transversaria in Cervical Vertebrae and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Mehta Gyata , Mokhasi Varsha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae is the presence of Foramen Transversarium (FT) in the transverse process. This foramen usually contains vertebral artery (except in C7 vertebra), veins and sympathetic plexus. The deformity and variations of this foramen may result in derangement of neurovascular structures passing through it, which may lead to various symptoms. The aetiology of morphological variations is related to developmental factors, mechanical stress and variations in the course of vertebral artery. Some studies have been done on accessory FT, but few give detailed analysis of morphometric variations of FT in cervical vertebrae. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the morphological and morphometric variations in the FT of cervical vertebrae (typical and atypical). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospectively designed osteological observational study. The duration of the study was six months, from Dec 2019 to May 2020. The study was conducted on 750 cervical vertebrae (265 typical and 485 atypical). In each cervical vertebrae, the FT was observed for the following parameters; shape, size, maximum anteroposterior diameter, maximum transverse diameter, area and number. Digital vernier caliper was used for morphometric measurements. Photographs were taken and archived. Descriptive analysis and evaluation was done with SPSS statistics programme. results: In 300 (40%) vertebrae, shape of the FT was bilaterally symmetrical and in 450 (60%) vertebrae, it was asymmetrical on both sides. It was observed that maximum anteroposterior diameter and transverse diameter were seen in C1 vertebrae. There was no significant statistical difference between the mean diameters of the left and right side. Maximum area was also seen in C1 vertebrae, with values of 34.76 mm2 on left and 34.84 mm2 on right. Out of the 750 cervical vertebrae, 113 (15%) showed an accessory FT in the transverse process. Amongst these, in 30 (4%) cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT were present bilaterally and in 83 (11%) seen on one side only. conclusion: The present study demonstrates that different cervical vertebrae (typical and atypical) show considerable morphological variations in terms of shape, size, area and number of FT. Awareness of such variations is of significance to anatomists, clinicians and surgeons.
A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence and Clinico-social Profile of High Risk Pregnancies in Rural Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ibrahim R Mohammed , Priyadarsini SP , Nayeem R Abdul , Somasundaram VM , Kumar N Saravana , Balasubramanian R
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Around 10-30% of mother during their antenatal period can be classified as high risk and out of these 70-80% accounts to perinatal morbidity or mortality. Special care must be given to women with high risk pregnancies to make sure the best possible outcomes. Early identification and regular followup of high risk pregnancies will reduce the loss of mother as well as newborn. Aim: To identify the prevalence of high risk pregnancies and factors associated with it in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. High risk pregnancies were identified using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and a scoring system developed by Dutta and Das (1990) on a 235 women of more than 20 weeks of pregnancy. The association between high risk pregnancies and socio-demographic variables were analysed. The frequency, percentage and analytical statistics was done using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Total of 235 pregnant mothers who were interviewed for the prevalence of high risk pregnancy was found to be 15.32%, Moderate and high risk pregnancies combined were 42.13% whereas 57.87% were of low risk pregnancy with no known risk factors. Major risk factors identified were anaemia (33.19%), undernutrition (31.06%), previous Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) (13.62%), abortion (8.51%). Early and late age at pregnancy was not associated with moderate to high risk pregnancy. Parity and high socio-economic condition were significantly associated with high risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The present study found that 42.13% pregnancies were moderate to high risk pregnancies. Early detection of these high risk pregnancies must be done at primary healthcare level using a uniform scoring system by a trained health workers, which may reduce the adverse events.
Willingness to Purchase Electric Two Wheelers in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ukesh M. , Chandrakumar M. , Rohini A. , Vanitha G.
Published: March 2022

The low-speed category has seen negative growth in the past two quarters of 2021. The market share of the low-speed sector used to be upwards of 70 percent in all the previous years, and that has plummeted to less than 15 percent in the last quarter of October-December 2021. The low-speed electric two-wheelers are not subsidised under the FAME II programme that promotes only high-speed motorcycles depending on their battery capacity at Rs 15,000 kwh, which has made the entry-level high-speed electric two-wheelers cheaper than many of the low-speed ones. The electric two-wheeler market is classified into three divisions, low-speed, city-speed, and high-speed. While the low-speed category is dying away, the city speed segment (up to 50 km/h) is gaining popularity due to competitive price and lower replacement costs of batteries. Adoption in the high-speed sector, i.e. 70 km/h, is limited but may rise in the next several years as the battery prices come down. “We haven’t seen better days than the previous few months in the whole EV adventure. In the previous 15 years, we together sold roughly 1 million e2w, e-three wheelers, e-cars, and e-buses, and we will most likely sell the same 1 million units in only one year beginning January 22. The latest good developments in EV policy under FAME 2 are a game-changer.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the willing to purchase decision of respondents about electric two wheelers.

Methods: Primary data has been collected from 120 respondents through interview using well-structured questionnaire from Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. Probit analysis was used to know the clear picture about major influencing variable used as a deciding factor for purchase of electric two wheelers.

Findings: The conclusion of this study was age, gender, monthly income, place of residence, source of information were influencing the willing to purchase decision of respondent about electric two wheelers. Electric two wheeler are protecting the global from global warming.

Interpretation: From the study the respondents are shifting to battery based vehicles or bikes because some of respondents are concerns about environmental issue and society are stating that the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness and concern about environmental issues.
Gene Therapy: Recent Advancement and Challenges
Authors: Aggarwal Adamya , Mittal Rahul
Published: March 2022

Background: Gene therapy involves delivering therapeutic genomic material to a target tissue to modify expression of a protein or induce other characteristic changes. Recent advancements in the field, including FDA-approval of numerous gene therapies, are paving the way for future technological progress. While gene therapy can be either somatic or germline, most research and drug development has focused on somatic cells. In this article, we discuss the recent advancements and challenges associated with gene therapy.

Main Text: There are multiple types of gene therapies, including hematopoietic stem cell therapy, CAR-T cell therapy, and Crispr/Cas9 gene therapy. Rare diseases and cancers are being researched to determine methods of treatment using gene therapy, and several clinical trials have been performed within the last decade to test the efficacy of new therapeutic drugs, many of them at least somewhat successful. However, gene therapy does pose some challenges, including large-scale manufacturing of vectors, precision of gene delivery to target tissue, and, most importantly, the immune responses of patients.

Conclusions: The near future is an exciting time for new gene therapy technologies and strategies. Researchers and patients can look forward to new advancements in base editing, prime editing, and RNA-targeted editing technologies. Furthermore, future research can focus on new genetic targets, such as genes whose functions may still be unknown and epigenomic elements.
Effects of Organic Inputs on Soil Health with Special Reference to Potash Management
Authors: Das Dipankar , Goswami Jogesh , Medhi B. K. , Saikia Amarjit , Gharphalia Bikash Jyoti , Pegu Lolesh , Chutia Roji
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Instructional cum Research Farm and department of agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during kharif season in the year 2015 to study the effect of different organic inputs on soil health with special reference to potash management in scented paddy variety Badshah bhog. Organic fertilization improves the soil structure and texture, enhances the water holding capacity of the soil and increases the microorganism activity in the soil, thereby sustained soil fertility and productivity. Ten treatment combinations of organic inputs were laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The experimental field was acidic in reaction with sandy loam in texture. The results revealed that application of different treatment significantly influenced the soil health. Among different organic inputs, the highest available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were recorded in enriched compost (100% RDK i.e., Recommended Dose of Potassium). The narrow C:N and C:P ratio in soil were found in enriched compost (100% RDK) and C:K ratio was found to be reduced in banana vermicompost (100% RDK). Banana vermicompost (100% RDK) was found to registered highest microbial biomass carbon (MBC), Dehydrogenase (DH) and Phosphomonoesterase (PMHes) activity but significantly at par with enriched compost (100% RDK). The organic inputs as a whole enhanced the physico-chemical and biological properties of soil. The study revealed that application of enriched compost (100% RDK) and banana vermicompost (100% RDK) were beneficial for potash management in organic cultivation of scented paddy to sustain soil health under agro-ecological situation of Assam.