bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can ESG Performance Mitigate Credit Risk?
Authors: Pan Jun
Published: January 2024

With the development and improvement of the banking and financial systems, people are increasingly concerned about the impact of non-financial factors on corporate performance and long-term value. Using a sample of Chinese A-shared listed commercial banks operating from 2013 to 2022, this study investigate the association between environment, social and government (ESG) combined scores and bank credit risk. By conducting descriptive tests, autocorrelation tests and mixed regression analysis,we find that a banks ESG performance is negatively associated with its credit risk. In addition, we took a closer look at banks' good performance on the environmental and governance pillars of ESG ratings and found that these two pillars can reduce credit risk more effectively than the social pillars. Our research provides new ideas for risk management and bank governance, helping banks to incorporate ESG scores into their daily management and risk monitoring, enabling banks to prevent risks more effectively and take effective measures.
On the Reform of WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Suggestions
Authors: Guan Han
Published: January 2024

WTO dispute settlement is a very important mechanism for settling international trade disputes, which plays an important role in promoting the stable development of international trade and creating a fair and just international trade environment. However, with the change of political and economic situations, dispute settlement mechanism has appeared more and more malpractice, including the lengthy and inefficient procedures, the unreasonable regulation of implementation and so on. The dispute settlement mechanism is now facing a crisis as a result of the closure of the Appellate Body. Expediting the process of reforming the dispute settlement mechanism is necessary so as to make sure that the dispute settlement mechanism remains effective in facilitating international trade. Although countries have made some suggestions, it has not reached agreement on the specific scheme of the reform. This article focuses on the issue of dispute settlement mechanism analysis and puts forward reform proposals so as to promote the further improvement of the dispute settlement mechanism.
Research on the New Mode of E-commerce Based on AI Authentication- POIZON App
Authors: Liao Yaxuan , Sun Jiekai
Published: January 2024

With the development of the Internet, large Chinese e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, Jingdong, and Pinduoduo are developing rapidly. In recent years, trendy e-commerce platforms, represented by POIZON App, have gradually emerged. The birth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) authentication has created a new e-commerce model for the POIZON platform and also provides new convenience for the majority of consumers. This paper is based on the "AI +e-commerce" new situation to carry out the AI authentication of the new mode of e-commerce discussion, this paper also analyzes the development of the current situation of AI authentication, its advantages and disadvantages, and this research found that consumers believe that the main advantage of AI authentication is the authentication of fast and convenient to use. But at present, AI authentication has not entered the public's vision, its utilization rate and popularity are still very low, and most consumers believe that it can not meet the authentication needs. At the same time, technical difficulties need to be overcome, but AI authentication technology still has a broad development prospect, half of the consumers believe that the future trend is AI authentication, supplemented by artificial authentication. This paper can provide suggestions for solving the various defects of the current AI authentication and successfully entering the market, and provide reference for other e-commerce platforms of the same type.
Sustainable Development and ESG Initiatives in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Case Study of Johnson & Johnson Medical Corporation
Authors: Wu Xiaoyue
Published: January 2024

As global concerns about sustainability and corporate responsibility continue to grow, this paper explores the evolving landscape of social development trends and the profound impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives in the corporate world. Utilizing Johnson & Johnson Medical Corporation as a compelling case study, this paper delves into the company's rich history and enterprise background, examines recent developments in the pharmaceutical industry, and dissects the extensive ESG information disclosed by Johnson & Johnson. Our analysis encompasses three vital dimensions of ESGEnvironment, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governanceproviding a comprehensive view of the company's commitment to sustainability. Finally, this paper illuminates the broader implications of these initiatives, not only for the pharmaceutical market but for the entire global business ecosystem. The research employed qualitative and quantitative methods, incorporating interviews, surveys, and financial data analysis, to assess the effectiveness of Johnson & Johnson's ESG strategies. The results indicate that Johnson & Johnson's ESG initiatives have led to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, increased supplier diversity, enhanced global health equity, and improved employee well-being, reinforcing its commitment to sustainability and ethical governance. These findings highlight the transformative potential of ESG practices in shaping a more sustainable, equitable, and accountable future for the healthcare industry and beyond.
Enterprises Experiencing Multiple Inquires under the Registration System: Evidence from Bloomage Biotechnology
Authors: Si Hanchen
Published: January 2024

Since the registration system officially was implemented on the SSE Star Market in 2019, its unique audit and inquiry system has been highly concerned by the market. Under this system, the Shanghai Stock Exchange can question the proposed listed companies several times during its review process until all disclosures have been complied with or there are no new matters to be verified. The study will take Bloomage Biotechnology Ltd, which has experienced four rounds of inquiries, as the object of the case study and summarize the reasons for its multiple rounds of inquiries in terms of internal and external factors by collating the information of its four rounds of letters of inquiry and replies. From the internal factors, the main reason for these multiple inquiries are disclosure problems and insufficient investment in research and development. From the external factors, the reason is the strict regulatory policies of the pharmaceutical industry. At present, there are few research papers on audit inquiries of the registration system and the case studies are even more lacking. Hence, these results provide important case support for audit inquiries, which enrich researches on audit inquiries to a certain extent.
Investigating the Impact of Business, Financial, and Debt Restructuring on Enterprises
Authors: Fang Yan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the various methods of corporate restructuring and the motivations and results behind them. In the context of a globalized economy, many companies choose to restructure to adapt to the changing market environment and challenges. Through the research method of literature review, we focus on three main restructuring methods: business restructuring, financial restructuring, and debt restructuring, and carry out in-depth analysis through the cases of Wesfarmers and Coles, Dell, and General Motors. The results show that each recombination method has its specific advantages and disadvantages. Business restructuring focuses on the business and strategic aspects of the company and may result in greater operational efficiency and risk reduction. Financial restructuring focuses on the capital structure and financial health of the company but may bring financial risks. Debt restructuring is a solution to financial stress and is designed to ensure the long-term survival of the company. Different companies choose different restructuring strategies according to their specific situations and needs.
An Analysis of Value Investing in Different Industries
Authors: Wen Rui
Published: January 2024

This paper navigates through diverse sectors, starting with real estate, where value investing demands a nuanced understanding of unique challenges, such as low liquidity and strategic leverage use. The technology sector, with its disruptive innovations, challenges traditional investment paradigms. Examples like Amazon reshaping retail underscore how disruptive technologies erode value in traditional sectors. In healthcare, the impact of clinical trial results on stock performance is dissected using Moderna and Pfizer as case studies, highlighting the sector's asymmetrical response to positive and negative outcomes. This paper concludes by addressing the limitations of value investing, emphasizing challenges related to time horizon, industry dynamism, and market efficiency assumptions. This paper advocates for a balanced approach combining historical wisdom with adaptability in a dynamic market landscape. Acknowledging the limitations, investors are encouraged to embrace a forward-looking mindset, recognizing the evolving nature of industries. The resilience of value investing lies in its storied past and its ability to adapt, offering a guiding philosophy for modern investors navigating multifaceted financial terrains.
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR A MEDICAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Жаксылык Г.Б. , Пащенко Г.Н.
Published: January 2024

Развитие медицинской техники и технологий в целом и медицинских информационных систем в частности связано с изменением потребностей отрасли здравоохранения, включая неуклонный рост знаний в области медицины, усложнение методов обследования, диагностики и лечения. В статье рассматриваются существующие медицинские информационные системы и выделяются особенности данных систем. Приводится анализ процессов и разбор алгоритма существующих информационных систем. Данная статья посвящена разработке прототипа медицинской информационной системы, позволяющей автоматизировать взаимоотношения внутри медицинских учреждений. В результате анализа сформирована оптимальная модель информационной системы для медицинских учреждений. Приводится описание разработанной медицинской информационной системы.
USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR CHURN PREDICTION IN THE TELECOM INDUSTRY
Authors: Тукенова Г.С. , Молдагулова А.Н.
Published: January 2024

В этой статье описывается насколько эффективно подход глубокого обучения может быть использован для процесса прогнозирования оттока в телекоммуникационной отрасли с большей точностью и меньшим временем обработки. Наблюдается, что системы интеллектуального анализа данных постепенно преуспевают в прогнозировании оттока клиентов за предыдущие пару лет. Разработка мощной модели прогнозирования оттока является критически важной задачей, которая включает в себя множество исследований непосредственно от узнаваемого доказательства идеальных показателей, от огромного объема доступной информации о клиентах до выбора успешной системы интеллектуального анализа информации, соответствующей списку возможностей.
Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Induced by Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Rare Patient Presentation to a Spine Surgery Clinic
Authors: Shermetaro Jacob , Bridges Michael , Patel Nilesh , Vosko Brian
Published: January 2024

Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord is a disease involving the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord that can manifest in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Nitrous oxide (N2O)–induced SCD of the spinal cord is a result of N2O interfering with the metabolism of vitamin B12 and results in nervous system demyelination. This is an infrequent complication of N2O anesthesia; however, cases are rising with recreational N2O use. This case report describes a patient with SCD of the spinal cord induced by recreational N2O abuse. The patient presented to a spine surgery clinic with a 3-week history of progressive global weakness and paresthesias. After a detailed history and physical examination, the diagnosis was made and supported by various tests and imaging findings. Despite marked neurologic deficits, the patient's symptoms improved markedly with therapy and vitamin B12 supplementation. Spine surgery clinicians may be confronted with these cases and should be aware of this atypical presentation of SCD. As in our case, patients may present with neurologic deficits of unclear etiology. Neurologic dysfunction may be irreversible; therefore, accurate diagnosis, medical treatment, and complete neurologic evaluation are of the utmost importance to prevent additional progression.
Поглощение гиперзвуковых волн в легированных монокристаллах ниобата лития
Authors: Еганян А. В. , Коканян Н. Э. , Коканян Э. П.
Published: January 2024

В рамках изотопической модели дефекта получены новые выражения для быстрой оценки коэффициентов затухания продольных и поперечных гиперзвуковых волн в легированных монокристаллах ниобата лития в режиме Ахиезера. Показано, что введение в кристалл примесей приводит к изменению как величины коэффициента затухания звука, так и его температурной зависимости.
Արատի իզոտոպական մոդելի շրջանակներում ստացվել են լեգիրված լիթիումի նիոբատի միաբյուրեղներում՝ Ախիեզերի ռեժիմում երկայնական և լայնական հիպերձայնային ալիքների կլանման գործակիցների արագ գնահատման համար նոր արտահայտություններ։ Ցույց է տրված, որ բյուրեղում խառնուկների ներմուծումը բերում է ինչպես ձայնի մարման գործակցի մեծության, այնպես էլ դրա ջերմաստիճանային կախվածության փոփոխությանը։
Within the framework of the defect isotopic model, new expressions for the rapid estimation of the absorption coefficients of longitudinal and transverse hypersonic waves in the alloyed lithium niobate single crystals in the Akhiezer regime have been obtained. It is shown that the introduction of impurities in the crystal leads to a change in both the magnitude of the sound attenuation coefficient and its temperature dependence.
The relationship between G1 (c.260 G>A) and G4 (c.721 G>A) polymorphisms in the GDF9 gene and the litter size of sheep: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Budiyanto Agung , Hartanto Slamet , Widayanti Rini , Setyawan Erif , Wardono Heru , Gustari Sri
Published: January 2024

Objective: The results of G1 and G4 polymorphisms as litter-size (LS) markers of ewes remain contradictory. The aim was to evaluate the impact of G1 (c.260 G>A) and G4 (c.721 G>A) polymorphisms on the LS of sheep by synthesizing data from multiple previous studies.
Methods: Data were extracted from 14 eligible articles. The genotypes of G1 and G4 polymorphisms were homozygous wild-type (WW), heterozygous (WM), and homozygous mutanttype (MM). The standardized mean difference (SMD) method using random effect models was employed to determine the effect size of G1 and G4 polymorphisms on LS under dominant, recessive, additive, and co-dominant genetic models. Heterogeneity was analyzed with the I2 statistic index. Publication bias was depicted with funnel plots and tested by Egger’s and Begg’s tests.
Results: The study showed that the correlation between G1 polymorphism and LS in sheep was not significant (p > 0.05) under all genetic models. The influence of G4 polymorphism on the LS of sheep was found significantly (p < 0.05) under dominant [SMD = 0.28, I2 = 0% (no heterogeneity)] and co-dominant [SMD = −0.14, I2 = 36% (moderate heterogeneity)] genetic models. The WM genotype of G4 polymorphism increased LS, while the MM genotype reduced LS in sheep. Publication bias among G1 and G4 polymorphism studies was absent in all genetic models.
Conclusion: Thus, the study revealed that G4 polymorphism could be a potential genetic marker for LS in ewes. On the contrary, G1 polymorphism has no association with the LS of ewes.
Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) fruit ethanolic extract exerts attenuative effect on hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric function’s disorders in alloxan-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Santoso Putra , Simatupang Arin , Fajria Annisha , Rahayu Resti , Jannatan Robby
Published: January 2024

Objective: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a potent medicinal plant in Asia. This present study aimed to reveal the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract in alleviating hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric balance disorders, histopathology of the cerebellum, and tissue oxidative stress in diabetic mice induced by alloxan.
Materials and Methods: Diabetes induction was performed by intraperitoneally injecting alloxan monohydrate [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Subsequently, the mice were treated daily with an ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg BW per oral) for 28 days, followed by measurements of blood glucose, paw sensitivity, motoric balance, histopathology of the cerebellum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were elucidated by liquid chromatography.
Results: Higher doses of Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the elevation of random and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and improve paw sensitivity responses (p < 0.05) and motoric balances (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Moreover, Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (p < 0.05) and suppress MDA levels in the blood (p < 0.05) while blunting the MDA in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed 39 compounds in the Andaliman extract belonging to the groups of alkaloids (26 compounds), flavonoids (12 compounds), and terpenoids (1 compound).
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit is capable of ameliorating diabetic neuropathy, motor balance disorders, and Purkinje cell degeneration while also reducing oxidative stress in the peripheral system. Hence, Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for formulation as an herbal remedy against the detrimental outcomes of diabetes mellitus.
The meta-analysis of beef cattle body weight prediction using body measurement approach with breed, sex, and age categories
Authors: Firdaus Frediansyah , Atmoko Bayu , Baliarti Endang , Widi Tri , Maharani Dyah , Panjono Panjono
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of the study was to use a meta-analysis to identify the correlation between linear body measurements, including body length (BL), wither height (WH), heart girth (HG), and body volume (BV), and body weight in beef cattle by breed, sex, and age as categories.
Materials and Methods: These results can be used as a method for predicting beef cattle body weight. This study used systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines to create a checklist. The first stage was searching for papers relevant to the study objectives. The second stage was searching
using the keywords beef cattle, body weight, body measurement, and correlation. The third stage was reviewing the title and abstract. The fourth stage was abstracting information from selected papers, and the last stage was tabulating data.
Results: The results from this study were obtained, and 32 papers were eligible for the meta-analysis stage. The correlation between linear body measurement and body weight of beef cattle showed that HG (r = 0.88) and BV (r = 0.97) were significantly (p < 0.05) different compared to BL
(r = 0.74) and WH (r = 0.72). The correlation between HG and body weight, and the categorization of cattle breeds showed significantly (p < 0.05) different results. The correlation between BV and body weight of cattle according to breed categories showed results that were not significantly (p
> 0.05) different, while age was significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, to predict beef cattle body weight, it is necessary to use HG or BV, with breed, sex, and age of cattle as categories.
The antioxidant role of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed extract against acute reproductive toxicity by uranyl acetate in male rats
Authors: Neamah Ghusoon , Alkhfaji Muna , Shaheed Heba
Published: January 2024

Objective: The main goal of the study was to find whether pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) extract has any preventive or antioxidant properties against acute uranyl acetate (UA)-induced reproductive cytotoxicity.
Material and Methods: Four groups each, including 10 adult male rats, were randomly assigned. (GI): the control group was given 1 ml of purified water orally for 30 days. (GII): Rats were given orally, a single dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. UA (GIII): Rats consumed 40 mg/kg b.w. of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) orally every day for 30 days. (GIV): Rats received a single dose (150 mg/kg b.w.) of UA plus a daily oral dose of PSE (40 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Animal sacrifice was used for oxidative stress and histopathological study.
Results: Showed significantly (p ≥ 0.001) elevated malondialdehyde levels in the GII group (6.19 ± 0.4), while GIII and GIV showed no significant differences. Glutathione peroxidase showed a significant (p ≥ 0.001) decrease (2.55 ± 0.2) in the GII group, while in groups (GIII and GIV), it showed a significant (p ≥ 0.001) increase (4.61 ± 0.16, 4.28 ± 0.032), respectively. The histopathological study for GII groups showed sloughing of epithelial cells lining the seminiferous tubules with a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in some tubules. Many sections revealed hyperplasia of the epithelial cells lining the seminiferous tubules with necrosis. The GIII and GIV groups showed normal histological structures with an increase in spermatogenesis in the testes and epididymis tissues.
Conclusion: We concluded that UA causes oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in the rat reproductive system. Pumpkin extract plays a role in improving the activity of the reproductive system.
Clostridium perfringens sialidase interaction with Neu5Ac α-Gal sialic acid receptors by in-silico observation and its impact on monolayers cellular behavior structure
Authors: Kurnia Ryan , Soebandrio Amin , Harun Vivi , Nugroho Christian , Krisnamurti Desak , Poetri Okti , Indrawati Agustin , Tarigan Simson , Natih Ketut , Ibrahim Fera , Sudarmono Pratiwi , Silaen Otto
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Clostridium perfringens sialidase treatment on monolayer cell behavior using computational screening and an in vitro approach to demonstrate interaction between enzyme-based drugs and ligands in host cells.
Materials and Methods: The in silico study was carried out by molecular docking analysis used to predict the interactions between atoms that occur, followed by genetic characterization of sialidase from a wild isolate. Sialidase, which has undergone further production and purification processes exposed to chicken embryonic fibroblast cell culture, and observations-based structural morphology of cells compared between treated cells and normal cells without treatment.
Results: Based on an in silico study, C. perfringens sialidase has an excellent binding affinity with Neu5Acα (2.3) Gal ligand receptor with Gibbs energy value (ΔG)—7.35 kcal/mol and Ki value of 4.11 μM. Wild C. perfringens isolates in this study have 99.1%–100% similarity to the plc gene, NanH, and NanI genes, while NanJ shows 93.18% similarity compared to the reference isolate from GenBank. Sialidase at 750 and 150 mU may impact the viability, cell count, and cell behavior structure of fibroblast cells by significantly increasing the empty area and perimeter of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, while at 30 mU sialidase shows no significant difference compared with mock control.
Conclusion: Sialidase-derived C. perfringens has the capacity to compete with viral molecules for attachment to host sialic acid based on in silico analysis. However, sialidase treatment has an impact on monolayer cell fibroblasts given exposure to high doses.
Effect of dietary supplementation with zinc-methionine on ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, methane production, and nutrient digestibility: An in vitro study
Authors: Anam Moh , Astuti Andriyani , Widyobroto Budi , Agus Ali
Published: January 2024

Objective: The principal objective of this research was to examine the influence of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) addition on feed on the in vitro ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, methane production, and digestibilities of feed nutrients.
Materials and Methods: The dosage of Zn-Met as a source of organic Zn was added to feed based on dry matter (DM) as follows: 0-without Zn addition (CON), 30 Zn mg/kg-low (LZM), 60 Zn mg/kg-medium (MZM), and 90 Zn mg/kg-high (HZM).
Results: The results indicated significant impacts of Zn-Met addition on various parameters. Compared to the CON group, all Zn-Met treatments resulted in increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (linear; p < 0.001), carboxymethyl-cellulase activity (linear; p < 0.001), and gas production at 48-h of incubation (linear; p < 0.001, quadratic; p < 0.001). Additionally, the MZM and HZM groups exhibited higher levels of amylase activity (linear; p < 0.001), protease activity (linear; p = 0.006), microbial protein (linear; p = 0.009), DM digestibility (linear; p < 0.001), organic matter (OM) digestibility (linear; p < 0.001), crude protein (CP) digestibility (linear; p = 0.004), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility (linear; p = 0.003) than CON treatment. However, the treatments did not have
any noteworthy effects on pH, the individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) proportions, NH3-N concentration, and methane production (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: It could be summarized that supplementing 60 and 90 Zn mg/kg DM as Zn-Met could improve the in vitro ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, and nutrient digestibility without affecting methane production.
Cryptosporidium species diagnosis in handlers of domestic pigeons in Baghdad City: Molecular and microscopic approaches
Authors: Hashim Yahya , Zubaidi Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence and diagnosis of molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium infection in handlers of domestic pigeons in Baghdad City. Traditional and molecular diagnostic methods were employed to detect and identify Cryptosporidium species.
Materials and methods: Sixty stool samples were collected from the handlers of domestic pigeons, and various techniques, including direct smear, flotation concentration, staining methods, and DNA extraction coupled with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were utilized.
Results: The results obtained from traditional methods indicated an overall infection rate of 55% in handlers of domestic pigeons, while significant variations were noted between male and female handlers. Age group 21–40 years were found to have higher infection rates were found to have higher infection rates. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium also displayed temporal variability throughout the study period. Molecular analysis using nested PCR revealed higher infection rates of 86% in handlers of domestic pigeon samples. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of Cryptosporidium parvam species in handlers of domestic pigeons, indicating zoonotic transmission potential.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among handlers of domestic pigeons in Baghdad City.
Investigation of aspergillosis outbreak in young ducklings: Unraveling the role of hatcheries in Aspergillus fumigatus transmission
Authors: Shemy Ahmed , Mekky Hoda , Bosila Mohamed , Elbayoumi Khaled , Amer Mohamed , Elaish Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Objective: Aspergillosis is a disease that affects several species of birds and causes substantial losses in the poultry business. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the pathogen responsible for a respiratory outbreak among juvenile ducklings.
Material and Methods: An epidemic of Aspergillosis infected a total of 800 Muscovy ducks that were being reared in El-Beheira Governorate. Tissue samples were obtained to isolate suspected fungi from diseased birds and the hatchery environment. In addition, identification and molecular characterization were performed on the obtained fungal isolates.
Results: Affected birds displayed acute respiratory manifestations such as difficulty breathing, gasping for air, nasal discharge, and a mortality rate of up to 28.1%. Postmortem examination revealed bronchitis, tracheitis, congested lungs, air sacculitis, severe multifocal granulomatous pneumonia, a congested, enlarged liver, and a congested kidney with nephritis. Mycological examination revealed seven Aspergillus (A.) spp. isolates from ducklings and six from hatcheries. Isolate colonial morphology and microscopical examination were as follows: A. fumigatus, A. niger, Syncephalastrum racemosum, and four untypable isolates. These isolates were further identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) gene was detected. Four representative isolates were submitted for sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis. The source of duckling infection might be linked to the hatchery environment due to the observed similarity of isolates from both affected birds and the hatchery, as evidenced by phylogenetic analysis.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the significance of appropriate hatchery control in preventing infection in young ducklings. Furthermore, the use of molecular identification techniques would be helpful for tracing the source of infection and rapid diagnosis of Aspergillus in the field.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding microbiota composition and influencing factors among the general population in Jazan province: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajab Bander , Jahlan Riyadh , Mobarki Ameer , Alhazmi Osama , Hakami Ehab , Shayari Waleed , Darabshi Nawaf , Basamad Abdulgader , Alhazmi Abdulaziz
Published: January 2024

Objective: The human gut microbiota is crucial to maintaining health and preventing diseases. The general population‘s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding microbiota composition and the factors affecting it remain poorly understood in Saudi Arabia. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the general population in the Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia regarding the gut microbiota and its main influencing factors.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a validated self-administered online questionnaire to collect data from participants aged 18 years and older. The study population excluded nonresidents of the Jazan region, individuals below 18, and those who declined to participate. Nonrandomized convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the Jazan Province, targeting the general population.
Results: One thousand one hundred twenty-six participants completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 93%. Most participants (50.4%) had average microbiota knowledge, 14.7% demonstrated good understanding, and 34.9% had poor knowledge. Regarding probiotics, the findings indicated that 76.4% of participants exhibited insufficient knowledge, 21.1% had average knowledge, and 2.5% displayed good knowledge. Most participants (65.7%) held a neutral attitude toward antibiotics and probiotics.
Conclusion: This study highlights a significant gap in understanding probiotics among the general population in the Jazan Region. Comprehensive education and awareness campaigns are urgently needed to promote a better understanding of microbiota composition, its significance for health, and the potential benefits of probiotics. Effective public health initiatives should be developed to provide accurate and up-to-date probiotic information, fostering positive health outcomes.
The anti-obesity properties of Anredera cordifolia leaf extract in rats fed a high-fat diet through inhibition of adipogenesis
Authors: Rusdiana Rusdiana , Widyawati Tri , Sari Dina , Widjaja Sry , Putra Deddi
Published: January 2024

Objective: Various disease complications are a risk of overweight or obesity, so losing weight can reduce the risk of diseases caused by obesity. Binahong leaf ethanol extract (Anredera cordifolia) is a weight-loss herbal preparation.
Aim: This study aims to analyze whether A. cordifolia extract is effective in losing weight by affecting the mechanism of adipogenesis in an animal obesity model.
Materials and Methods: Animals were grouped into six groups as follows: the normal diet (K1), the negative control group (K2), the positive control group with Orlistat at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW (K3), an ethanol extract of A. cordifolia leaves at doses of 50 mg/kg BW (P1), 100 mg/kg BW group (P2), and 150 mg/kg BW (P3). All rats were fed a diet that consisted of high fat for eight weeks, except K1. Afterward, the treatments were given based on group distribution. Then, the rats were treated based on their groups for 4 weeks, and the high-fat diet was still given during the treatment for the control groups (K2). Anthropometric examinations such as body weight, length, and the circumference of the abdomen were measured. Metabolic parameters, including blood glucose, cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and abdominal fat weight, were measured using molecular parameters that measured PI3K levels and Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in abdominal fat tissue samples using the ELISA method.
Results: ERK levels of abdominal fat were lowered in the treatment group using the extract of A. cordifolia (50 mg/kg BW (P1) and 100 mg/kg BW (P2)) compared to the control group that was given a high-fat diet without treatment. The control group, which was fed a high-fat diet without treatment, had an average ERK level of 10.17 ± 2.98 ng/ml, P1 (50 mg/kg BW). Furthermore, when ethanol extracts were used as opposed to the control group, which received a high-fat diet without treatment, there was an increase in phosphoinositide three-kinase (PI3K) levels (K2). The control group received 9.35 ± 2.87 ng/ml, the treatment group received 100 mg/kg BW (P2) 9.48 ± 1.54 ng/ml, and the treatment group received 150 mg/kg BW (P3) 7.87 ± 1.79 ng/ml. The weight of fat in the abdomen differed between the groups that received a high-fat diet without treatment (K2) and those that received a high-fat diet with treatment (P1, P2, P3; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Anredera cordifolia extract possesses anti-obesity activities by decreasing ERK and increasing PI3K levels, as well as reducing abdominal fat weight.
Liquid Biopsy Strategies in Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors:   , Drees Esther Erica Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

In this thesis we describe studies that focus on extracellular vesicle associated
microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) as blood-based biomarkers for response assessment in
lymphoid malignancies. It highlights pre-analytical, technical and developmental
aspects of biomarker assay development as well as translational EV-miRNA
studies in patients with hematological malignancies. We studied retrospective
and prospectively collected sample cohorts from patients with classic Hodgkin
lymphoma (cHL), multiple myeloma (MM) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma
(DLBCL).
Analisis Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Dan Persaingan Usaha Di Era Digitalisasi
Authors: Sinaga Irene Puteri A. S. , Rizky Gerhan Muhammad , Sodikin Khoirul
Published: January 2024

Dewasa ini kemajuan perkembangan teknologi melesat begitu cepat. Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu cepat melahirkan era digitalisasi. Hampir seluruh aktivitas manusia kini bergantung kepada sistem digital tak luput juga aktivitas ekonomi, yang mana akibat hal tersebut melahirkan banyak tantangan baru bagi para pelaku usaha. Dengan adanya dinamika yang baru membuat pola persaingan usaha semakin kompleks dan perlu regulasi yang mumpuni untuk dapat menopang hal tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tantangan persaingan usaha dan hukum persaingan usaha di era digitalisasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis terhadap perkembangan persaingan usaha di era digitalisasi secara yuridis. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan penelusuran dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Rujukan data yang digunakan adalah buku, makalah, surat kabar daring, serta bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya ditinjau dengan seksama dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek yang dinilai memiliki keterkaitan. Hasil penelitian kami menunjukan bahwasanya Indonesia dalam perkembangan ekonomi digital belum bisa dikatakan sempurna. Undang-Undang No 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat tidak mengatur secara spesifik persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam ekonomi digital dan juga terkait definisi pelaku usaha dalam Undang-Undang  No 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat hanya mendefinisikan pelaku usaha hanya sebatas pelaku usaha dalam negeri, lantas karena lemahnya regulasi yang dimiliki besar potensi terjadinya praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam ekonomi digital.
Prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) infection and co-infection among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt
Authors:   Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt., El-Shenawy Reem
Published: January 2024

Viral hepatitis is considered a public health issue facing the entire world. The World Health Organization encouraged all countries to work together to eliminate this fatal infection and achieve the 2030 agenda. The present study aimed to investigate the silent infection of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt, to control and avoid chronic infection early on. This cross-sectional study included 184 randomly selected hospitalized children from three different hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. They were children aged between a few months to 15 years to determine viral hepatitis infection and co-infection. Antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV IgM), hepatitis E virus (HEV IgM), hepatitis C virus (HCV Ab), and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) were performed by ELISA. If the ELISA results were positive, the viral load was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Other laboratory investigations included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and complete blood count. Only five children (2.71%) had HCV Ab positive with no other viral (A, B, and E) co-infections as determined by ELISA. Also, the RT-PCR detected HCV RNA in these ELISA positive children. The remaining children (179/184) were all negative for all hepatitis viruses’ markers (HAV IgM, HEV IgM, HBs Ag, and HCV Ab). In conclusion, this study documented that, Cairo hospitals serving Egyptian children had a low prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E). More research with larger sample sizes from hospitals across Egypt is needed.
Study of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt., Mohamed Tamer
Published: January 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a functional and/or structural kidney damage that lasts more than three months duration. This study aimed to analyze CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels in chronic CKD patients specifically, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to assess the adaptive cell-mediated immunity. The study measured absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts by flowcytometry among participating individuals. The study included 146 subjects, 40 CKD patients and tested positive for COVID-19, 44 CKD patients and tested negative for COVID-19 and 62 normal individuals as controls. There was a significant impact of COVID-19 infection in CKD patients showing lower absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes values to more than six folds compared to the control individuals (Odds Ratio: 72.63, p= 0.0001). Also, there was a significant correlation between the decrease in absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts and the advanced stages of CKD. Therefore, the study indicated that CKD causes an obvious alteration in the body immune system as decreased CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels alongside with the advanced CKD stages. While COVID-19 infection exposes CKD patients to be 50% more likely to express lower values of CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels compared to the negative tested CKD patients. In conclusion, poor immune response and increased morbidity and mortality could be correlated with CKD patients especially when associated with COVID-19 infection as comorbidity.
Evaluation of Interleukin-17 A Levels in Patients with Breast Carcinoma
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., El-Batal Heba
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a highly common form of cancer that impacts a considerable proportion of women on a global scale. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a cytokine that has both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects, which can vary depending on the specific tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-17A can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, we compared concentrations of serum IL-17A in patients suffering from breast carcinoma and normal control women by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study included 86 women, 44 patients that were diagnosed with breast carcinoma, and 42 normal control women. Serum IL-17A levels in both case and control groups were measured by sandwich ELISA kits. The IL-17A serum level was significantly higher among patients with breast carcinoma than in the control group (p<0.001). The serum IL-17A concentration was significantly higher in estrogen receptor-positive cases than in estrogen receptor-negative cases (p=0.033). The highest levels of IL-17A were detected in patients with stage 2 breast carcinoma rather than stage 3 with no significant correlation. There was no correlation between IL-17A level and tumor size, lymph node invasion, or metastasis in patients with breast cancer. In conclusion, a high level of IL-17A in breast carcinoma patients compared to the control group was detected in our study. It indicates that IL-17A could be a promising biomarker for diagnosis of breast cancer and may play a role in tumor development. High levels of IL-17A were not a predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients as it was not related to tumor size, lymph node invasion, or metastasis.
Ética en la educación superior: un eje transversal indiscutible en la formación pre y postgradual
Authors:   Comité Iberoamericano de Etica y Bioética; Caja Nacional de Salud, Mansilla Canelas Gonzalo
Published: January 2024

La educación superior es el pilar fundamental de la formación profesional en toda sociedad. En la actualidad todas las sociedades se enfrentan a una crisis de valores éticos debido al avance rápido de la tecnología y de las tendencias sociales. La actividad educativa es una acción que perdura más allá de las actividades de aula. Los valores éticos deben ser incorporados en el programa de enseñanza. La formación docente en ética es esencial por su papel de modelo a seguir y convertirse en un agente que promueve el análisis y motiva la solución de dilemas éticos. La investigación educativa también es una disciplina para la incorporación de contenido ético en la formación de los educandos, sumándose retos actuales como ser el enfoque de cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, así como el perfil de género y ética ambiental.
La bioética en la sociedad, industria y educacion 5.0
Authors:   Comité Iberoamericano de Ética y Bioética, Álvarez Becerra Rina María ,   Universidad Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Valdez Alvarez Carla María ,   Egresada Maestría Gerencia Pública Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann
Published: January 2024

La bioética ha cobrado relevancia en el ámbito del debate público, político y educativo, ya que contribuye con herramientas epistemológicas y metodológicas, que orientan el juicio ético para proponer soluciones frente a los desafíos relativos a las ciencias de la vida y la salud. El rol de la educación para el desarrollo de competencias morales bioéticas con alcance global en la Sociedad 5.0, supone superar la adopción única del principialismo como estándar orientador, sino favorecer un diálogo y reflexión omnipresente que oriente la aplicación de los principios bioéticos. Es necesario entonces promover mayor conciencia de la bioética con una perspectiva social y comunitaria, orientando al logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Este desafío se puede superar mediante la creación de valores para identificar el potencial creativo de los seres humanos mediante la mejora del sistema educativo conocido como educación 5.0. La educación 5.0 representa una oportunidad para promover una formación completa que aliente la reflexión y la capacidad del hombre para emitir juicios y decisiones que no solo se centren en el propio acto moral de decidir, sino de justificarlos.
Etica en la divulgación científica como tendencias emergentes en la educación investigacion y desarrollo territorial
Authors:   Comité Iberoamericano de Ética y Bioética, Bustamante Cabrera Gladys Inés ,   Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Gaytán Bertruy Ivonne Adriana ,   Comité Iberoamericano de Ética y Bioética; Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
Published: January 2024

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19 se detectaron en los medios de comunicación de mayor circulación; contenidos de desinformación y noticias falsas, exponiendo datos no regulados e información engañosa sobre los resultados de las medidas y mecanismos de seguimiento de las investigaciones en torno a la enfermedad, revelando en ellas, una carencia de rigurosidad científica y divulgativa, que dio como respuesta, que algunos grupos de científicos y centros de investigación de prestigio, tomaran la decisión de integrar redes para desmitificar algunos supuestos informes resultantes de investigaciones, así como implementar nuevas metodologías de transferencia de conocimiento científico, en donde se confrontaba la información fake de redes sociales, para visualizar que tal veracidad era cuestionable, y que los usuarios eran objeto de influencia, generando una infodemia incierta, por algunos datos que eran imprevisiblemente ciertos, para ello, algunos centros de investigación o instituciones Públicas de Educación superior de Latino y Centro América preocupados porque la sociedad encuentre fuentes e información confiable, tomaron la decisión y oportunidad de demostrar la veracidad de la información que se emitía a través de la consolidación de redes de investigación y del aumento de inversión en investigaciones experimentales.
Factors Affecting Online Purchase Intention on Social Media Users During the Pandemic in Jakarta
Authors: Muhammad Sadat Andi , Saidani Basrah , Sholikhah  , Prompreing Kattareeya
Published: January 2024

This study analyzes the factors influencing online purchase intention among social media users in Jakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the literature, many variables can be used to explain the phenomenon of online purchases. However, this research is limited to the main variables such as social media marketing, customer trust, e-Word of mouth, brand image, and online customer reviews. The data collection method was carried out through a questionnaire with a purposive sampling technique via a google form, which was distributed using social media networks, namely WhatsApp group and Facebook, which are popular platforms in the country. The relationship of each independent variable to the dependent variable was tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using Smart PLS version 3. A total of 238 sample units spread across the DKI Jakarta area were successfully collected and processed. The results of the data analysis show that of the five hypotheses proposed, only one is significant, namely, online customer reviews have a significant relationship to online purchase intention during the Covid-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta.