bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Analysis of Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Mouse Cartilage Reveals Overlapping Epigenetic Signatures of Aging and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Izda Vladislav , Dunn Christopher M. , Prinz Emmaline , Schlupp Leoni , Nguyen Emily , Sturdy Cassandra , Jeffries Matlock A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Cartilage epigenetic changes are strongly associated with human osteoarthritis (OA). However, the influence of individual environmental OA risk factors on these epigenetic patterns has not been determined; herein we characterize cartilage DNA methylation patterns associated with aging and OA in a mouse model.

Methods

Murine knee cartilage DNA was extracted from healthy young (16‐week, n = 6), old (82‐week, n = 6), and young 4‐week post–destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) OA (n = 6) C57BL6/J mice. Genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns were determined via Illumina BeadChip. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The top seven most differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were confirmed by pyrosequencing in an independent animal set. Results were compared to previously published human OA methylation data.

Results

Aging was associated with 20,940 DMPs, whereas OA was associated with 761 DMPs. Merging these two conditions revealed 279 shared DMPs. All demonstrated similar directionality and magnitude of change (Δβ 1.0% ± 0.2%, mean methylation change ± SEM). Shared DMPs were enriched in OA‐associated pathways, including RhoA signaling (P = 1.57 × 10−4), protein kinase A signaling (P = 3.38 × 10−4), and NFAT signaling (P = 6.14 × 10−4). Upstream regulators, including TET3 (P = 6.15 × 10−4), immunoglobulin (P = 6.14 × 10−4), and TLR7 (P = 7.53 × 10−4), were also enriched. Pyrosequencing confirmed six of the seven top DMPs in an independent cohort.

Conclusion

Aging and early OA following DMM surgery induce similar DNA methylation changes within a murine OA model, suggesting that aging may induce pro‐OA epigenetic “poising” within articular cartilage. Future research should focus on confirming and expanding these findings to other environmental OA risk factors, including obesity, as well as determining late OA changes in mice.
Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Photosensitizer‐Loaded Nano‐Superartificial Dendritic Cells with Directly Presenting Tumor Antigens and Reversed Immunosuppression for Photodynamically Boosted Immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Liu Jie , Li Yueying , lin Xun , Chu Yongli , Wang Wenting , Huang Shiyun , Li Wei , Peng Jin , Liu Chuyao , Cai Lintao , Deng Wenbin , Sun Chengming , Deng Guanjun
Published: October 2022

The success of tumor immunotherapy highlights the potential of harnessing immune system to fight cancer. Activating both native T cells and exhausted T cells is a critical step for generating effective antitumor immunity, which is determined based on the efficient presentation of tumor antigens and co‐stimulatory signals by antigen‐presenting cells, as well as immunosuppressive reversal. However, strategies for achieving an efficient antigen presentation process and improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment remain unresolved. Here, aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) photosensitizer‐loaded nano‐superartificial dendritic cells (saDC@Fs‐NPs) are developed by coating superartificial dendritic cells membranes from genetically engineered 4T1 tumor cells onto nanoaggregates of AIE photosensitizers. The outer cell membranes of saDC@Fs‐NPs are derived from recombinant lentivirus‐infected 4T1 tumor cells in which peptide‐major histocompatibility complex class I, CD86, and anti‐LAG3 antibody are simultaneously anchored. These saDC@Fs‐NPs could directly stimulate T‐cell activation and reverse T‐cell exhaustion for cancer immunotherapy. The inner AIE‐active photosensitizers induce immunogenic cell death to activate dendritic cells and enhance T lymphocyte infiltration by photodynamic therapy, promoting the transformation of “cold tumors” into “hot tumors,” which further boosts immunotherapy efficiency. This work presents a powerful photoactive and artificial antigen‐presenting platform for activating both native T cells and exhausted T cells, as well as facilitating tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.
Facilely Achieved Self‐Biased Black Silicon Heterojunction Photodiode with Broadband Quantum Efficiency Approaching 100%
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Loh Joel Y. Y. , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: October 2022

Photodiodes are fundamental components in modern optoelectronics. Heterojunction photodiodes, simply configured by two different contact materials, have been a hot research topic for many years. Currently reported self‐biased heterojunction photodiodes routinely have external quantum efficiency (EQE) significantly below 100% due to optical and electrical losses. Herein, an approach that virtually overcomes this 100% EQE challenge via low‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures and drift‐dominated photocarrier transport in a heterojunction photodiode is proposed. Broadband near‐ideal EQE is achieved in nanocrystal indium tin oxide/black silicon (nc‐ITO/b‐Si) Schottky photodiodes. The b‐Si comprises nanostalagmites which balance the antireflection effect and surface morphology. The built‐in electric field is explored to match the optical generation profile, realizing enhanced photocarrier transport over a broadband of photogeneration. The devices exhibit unprecedented EQE among the reported leading‐edge heterojunction photodiodes: average EQE surpasses ≈98% for wavelengths of 570–925 nm, while overall EQE is greater than ≈95% from 500 to 960 nm. Further, only elementary fabrication techniques are explored to achieve these excellent device properties. A heart rate sensor driven by nanowatt faint light is demonstrated, indicating the enormous potential of this near‐ideal b‐Si photodiode for low power consuming applications.
Nanoneedles Induce Targeted siRNA Silencing of p16 in the Human Corneal Endothelium
Authors: Maurizi Eleonora , Martella Davide Alessandro , Schiroli Davide , Merra Alessia , Mustfa Salman Ahmad , Pellegrini Graziella , Macaluso Claudio , Chiappini Ciro
Published: October 2022

Nanoneedles can target nucleic acid transfection to primary cells at tissue interfaces with high efficiency and minimal perturbation. The corneal endothelium is an ideal target for nanoneedle‐mediated RNA interference therapy aimed at enhancing its proliferative capacity, necessary for tissue regeneration. This work develops a strategy for siRNA nanoninjection to the human corneal endothelium. Nanoneedles can deliver p16‐targeting siRNA to primary human corneal endothelial cells in vitro without toxicity. The nanoinjection of siRNA induces p16 silencing and increases cell proliferation, as monitored by ki67 expression. Furthermore, siRNA nanoinjection targeting the human corneal endothelium is nontoxic ex vivo, and silences p16 in transfected cells. These data indicate that nanoinjection can support targeted RNA interference therapy for the treatment of endothelial corneal dysfunction.
Elastic Fibers/Fabrics for Wearables and Bioelectronics
Authors: Zhang Yufan , Zhou Jiahui , Zhang Yue , Zhang Desuo , Yong Ken Tye , Xiong Jiaqing
Published: October 2022

Wearables and bioelectronics rely on breathable interface devices with bioaffinity, biocompatibility, and smart functionality for interactions between beings and things and the surrounding environment. Elastic fibers/fabrics with mechanical adaptivity to various deformations and complex substrates, are promising to act as fillers, carriers, substrates, dressings, and scaffolds in the construction of biointerfaces for the human body, skins, organs, and plants, realizing functions such as energy exchange, sensing, perception, augmented virtuality, health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and intervention therapy. This review summarizes and highlights the latest breakthroughs of elastic fibers/fabrics for wearables and bioelectronics, aiming to offer insights into elasticity mechanisms, production methods, and electrical components integration strategies with fibers/fabrics, presenting a profile of elastic fibers/fabrics for energy management, sensors, e‐skins, thermal management, personal protection, wound healing, biosensing, and drug delivery. The trans‐disciplinary application of elastic fibers/fabrics from wearables to biomedicine provides important inspiration for technology transplantation and function integration to adapt different application systems. As a discussion platform, here the main challenges and possible solutions in the field are proposed, hopefully can provide guidance for promoting the development of elastic e‐textiles in consideration of the trade‐off between mechanical/electrical performance, industrial‐scale production, diverse environmental adaptivity, and multiscenario on‐spot applications.
Mapping the Binding Energy of Layered Crystals to Macroscopic Observables
Authors: Moazzami Gudarzi Mohsen , Aboutalebi Seyed Hamed
Published: October 2022

Van der Waals (vdW) integration of two dimensional (2D) crystals into functional heterostructures emerges as a powerful tool to design new materials with fine‐tuned physical properties at an unprecedented precision. The intermolecular forces governing the assembly of vdW heterostructures are investigated by first‐principles models, yet translating the outcome of these models to macroscopic observables in layered crystals is missing. Establishing this connection is, therefore, crucial for ultimately designing advanced materials of choice‐tailoring the composition to functional device properties. Herein, components from both vdW and non‐vdW forces are integrated to build a comprehensive framework that can quantitatively describe the dynamics of these forces in action. Specifically, it is shown that the optical band gap of layered crystals possesses a peculiar ionic character that works as a quantitative indicator of non‐vdW forces. Using these two components, it is then described why only a narrow range of exfoliation energies for this class of materials is observed. These findings unlock the microscopic origin of universal binding energy in layered crystals and provide a general protocol to identify and synthesize new crystals to regulate vdW coupling in the next generation of heterostructures.
Br Vacancy Defects Healed Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaic Modules with Certified Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 36%
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Liu Chong , Gao Yanyan , Zhu Shusheng , Chen Fang , Huang Boyuan , Xie Yi , Liu Yaqing , Ma Mengen , Wang Zhen , Wu Shaohang , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Mai Yaohua
Published: October 2022

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are expected to power the Internet of Things ecosystem, which is attracting ever‐increasing attention as part of the rapidly developing distributed communications and electronics technology. The power conversion efficiency of IPVs strongly depends on the match between typical indoor light spectra and the band gap of the light absorbing layer. Therefore, band‐gap tunable materials, such as metal‐halide perovskites, are specifically promising candidates for approaching the indoor illumination efficiency limit of ∼56%. However, perovskite materials with ideal band gap for indoor application generally contain high bromine (Br) contents, causing inferior open‐circuit voltage (VOC). By fabricating a series of wide‐bandgap perovskites (Cs0.17FA0.83PbI3−xBrx, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.6) with varying Br contents and related band gaps, it is found that, the high Br vacancy (VBr) defect density is a significant reason that leading to large VOC deficits apart from the well‐accepted halide segregation. The introduction of I‐rich alkali metal small‐molecule compounds is demonstrated to suppress the VBr and increase the VOC of perovskite IPVs up to 1.05 V under 1000 lux light‐emitting diode illumination, one of the highest VOC values reported so far. More importantly, the modules are sent for independent certification and have gained a record efficiency of 36.36%.
0.5 m Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Blue Energy Harvesting of All‐Sea Areas
Authors: Feng Junrui , Zhou Hanlin , Cao Zhi , Zhang Enyang , Xu Shuxing , Li Wangtao , Yao Huilu , Wan Linyu , Liu Guanlin
Published: October 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest ocean wave blue energy is flourishing, yet the research horizon has been limited to centimeter‐level TENG. Here, for the first time, a TENG shell is advanced for ocean energy harvesting to 0.5 m and an excellent frictional areal density of 1.03 cm−1 and economies of scale are obtained. The unique structure of the multi‐arch shape is adopted to untie the difficulty of fully getting the extensive friction layer contact. An inside steel plate is vertically placed in the center of every TENG block, which can activate the TENG to achieve complete contact even at a tilt angle of 7 degrees. The proposed half‐meter TENG (HM‐TENG) has a broad response band from 0.1 to 2 Hz, a total transferred charge quantity up to 67.2 µC, and one single TENG can deliver an open‐circuit voltage of 368 V. Coupled with the self‐stabilizing and susceptible features the ellipsoid shell brings, the HM‐TENG can readily accommodate itself to the all‐weather, all‐sea wave energy harvesting. Muchmore, the HM‐TENG is also applied to RF signal transmitters. This work takes the first step toward near‐meter‐scale enclosures and provides a new direction for large‐scale wave energy harvesting.
Measuring food insecurity: An introduction to tools for human biologists and ecologists
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Scaggs Shane A. , Dufour Darna L. , Adams Ingrid K.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Food insecurity is a significant and growing concern undermining the wellbeing of 30% of the global population. Food in/security is a complex construct consisting of four dimensions: availability, access, utilization, and stability, making it challenging to measure. We provide a toolkit human biologists/ecologists can use to advance research on this topic.

Methods

We review the strengths and limitations of common tools used to measure food access and utilization, the two dimensions most proximate to people's lived experience, and emphasize tools that provide data needed to best link food security with human biological outcomes. We also discuss methods that provide contextual data human biologists/ecologists will find useful for study design, ensuring instrument validity, and improving data quality.

Results

Food access is principally measured using experience‐based instruments that emphasize economic access. Social access, such as food sharing, is under‐studied and we recommend using social network analysis to explore this dimension. In terms of utilization, emphasis has been on food choice measured as dietary diversity. Food preparation and intrahousehold distribution, also part of the utilization dimension, are less studied and standardized instruments for measuring both are lacking. The embodiment of food insecurity has focused on child growth, although a growing literature addresses adult mental wellbeing and chronic and infectious disease risk.

Conclusions

We see the potential to expand outcomes to include reproductive and immune function, physical activity, and the gut microbiome. Human biologists/ecologists are well‐positioned to advance understanding of the human health impacts of food insecurity and provide data to support intervention efforts.
Celiac disease prevalence and predisposing‐HLA in a cohort of 93 Williams‐Beuren syndrome patients
Authors: Ghisleni Cecilia , Parma Barbara , Cianci Paola , De Paoli Anita , Pangallo Elisabetta , Agovino Teresa , Cereda Anna , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Villa Roberta , Fossati Chiara , Modena Piergiorgio , Giudici Carolina , Morando Carla , Memo Luigi , Onesimo Roberta , Zampino Giuseppe , Salvatore Silvia , Agosti Massimo , Selicorni Angelo
Published: October 2022

Williams‐Beuren syndrome is considered to be at increased risk for celiac disease, as for recent literature data and celiac disease guidelines, despite pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Our study analyzed the prevalence of autoimmune disorders, HLA DQ2 and/or DQ8 haplotypes, of transglutaminase antibodies and of diagnosis of celiac disease in a cohort of 93 Williams‐Beuren syndrome's patients (mean age 21.26 years). Our study showed an increased prevalence of celiac disease equal to 10.8% (10/93 patients). We did not find a significant different frequency of predisposing HLA in subjects with Williams‐Beuren syndrome compared to literature data in the general population (49.5% vs. 42.9%, with p > .1), nor a susceptibility to autoimmunity. This suggests that the increased prevalence of celiac disease in Williams‐Beuren syndrome cannot be ascribed to HLA haplotype and may be related to other factors that still need to be identified in these patients.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Intermolecular C(sp3)−H Amidation
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Wang Hao , Day Craig S. , Martin Ruben
Published: October 2022

A nickel‐catalyzed site‐selective intermolecular amidation of saturated C(sp3)−H bonds is reported. This mild protocol exhibits a predictable reactivity pattern to incorporate amide functions at C(sp3)−H sites adjacent to nitrogen and oxygen atoms in either cyclic or acyclic frameworks, thus offering a complementary reactivity profile to existing oxidative‐type processes or metal‐catalyzed C(sp3)−N bond‐forming reactions operating via two‐electron manifolds.
Lessons Learned from the Grouping of Chemicals to Assess Risks to Human Health
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Mehling Annette , Landsiedel Robert
Published: October 2022

In analogy to the periodic system that groups elements by their similarity in structure and chemical properties, the hazard of chemicals can be assessed in groups having similar structures and similar toxicological properties. Here we review case studies of chemical grouping strategies that supported the assessment of hazard, exposure, and risk to human health. By the EU‐REACH and the US‐TSCA New Chemicals Program, structural similarity is commonly used as the basis for grouping, but that criterion is not always adequate and sufficient. Based on the lessons learned, we derive ten principles for grouping, including: transparency of the purpose, criteria, and boundaries of the group; adequacy of methods used to justify the group; and inclusion or exclusion of substances in the group by toxicological properties. These principles apply to initial grouping to prioritize further actions as well as to definitive grouping to generate data for risk assessment. Both can expedite effective risk management.
Synthesis of cobalt A2B triaryl corroles bearing methoxy or hydroxyl groups and their activity in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhu Zheng‐Mei , Peng Wei‐Yu , Yang Wu , Ling Chen , Zhang Hao , Si Li‐Ping , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: October 2022

Four A2B cobalt corrole complexes 1–4 appending two methoxy or hydroxyl groups on the 10‐meso phenyl group had been synthesized. Four cobalt corroles showed high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the organic phase and in the aqueous phase. The hydrogen evolution pathway was EECEC when using acetic acid as proton source. When trifluoroacetic acid was used as proton source, the hydrogen evolution route via EECEC or EECC depending on the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid. Cobalt corrole 4 showed the best HER performance with the kobs of 122.68 s−1 in organic phase and the TOF of 832.2 h−1 in aqueous phase respectively. The results suggested the phenyl hydroxyl group at the cobalt corrole peripheral may act as the proton relay group in HER and the o‐hydroxyl of phenyl was better than m‐ hydroxyl for proton relay.
Textural, rheological and sensorial properties of mayonnaise fortified with Asian sea bass bio‐calcium
Authors: Wijayanti Ima , Prodpran Thummanoon , Sookchoo Pornsatit , Nirmal Nilesh , Zhang Bin , Balange Amjad , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: October 2022

Asian sea bass bio‐calcium (ASBC) can be fortified in low calcium food product such as mayonnaise. To ensure the smoothness of fortified products, the particle size and fishy compounds of ASBC must be reduced. Ultrasonicated ASBC (U‐ASBC) was applied for different times (5–15 min) in the presence of hexane. ASBC and U‐ASBC had mean particle size (D43) of 21.87 ± 19.54 and 7.83 ± 7.10 μm, respectively. U‐ASBC had lowered volatile compounds. Mayonnaise fortified with ASBC had the augmented firmness, consistency and cohesiveness with increasing ASBC levels (0%–10%) (p < 0.05). ASBC raised lightness (L*) and total color difference (ΔE*), but decreased a* and b*‐values of mayonnaise in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). Higher G′, G″, viscosity and shear stress value were observed in mayonnaise sample added with ASBC. However, lower acceptability was attained when mayonnaise was added with ASBC at level higher than 2.5% due to fishy odor and grittiness perceived by panelists. The lower droplet size with higher zeta potential of mayonnaise added with ASBC or U‐ASBC was related with the lower creaming index. Mayonnaise added with 7.5% U‐ASBC (M‐UBC‐7.5) had higher viscosity with lower creaming and thermal creaming index (p < 0.05) than control and that containing 2.5% ASBC (M‐BC‐2.5). Denser and smaller droplet sizes were observed for M‐BC‐2.5 and M‐UBC‐7.5 than control. Lowest moisture, fat and carbohydrate contents were attained for M‐UBC‐7.5 with the higher protein, ash and calcium content (p < 0.05). Fortification of mayonnaise with ASBC at 2.5% or U‐ASBC at 7.5% increased calcium content by 54 or 174 times, respectively, without sensorial changes.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products using Gold Catalysis
Authors: De Soumik , Dan Aritra Kumar , Sahu Raghaba , Parida Sagarika , Das Debadutta
Published: October 2022

Gold catalysis is an extremely enthusiastic field of investigation in the catalysis area. The development of alternative, highly inventive, precompetitive techniques based on gold catalysis has paved the way for executing a broad spectrum of chemical transformations from uncomplicated starting materials. The total synthesis of natural products is a complex and more complicated task. An amalgamation of natural product synthesis through gold‐catalysis has been a thought‐provoking job. The protocol has solved several problems related to the synthesis of numerous complicated natural products. Thus, this review has outlined some of the most notable benchmarks from the last seven years (2015–2021) on gold catalysis and their application in the total synthesis of numerous natural products. The strategy acquired by the authors to accomplish the total synthesis will be elaborately discussed by emphasizing the role of the gold‐catalyzed reactions.
Well‐posedness, optimal control and discretization for time‐fractional parabolic equations with time‐dependent coefficients on metric graphs
Authors: Mehandiratta Vaibhav , Mehra Mani , Leugering Günter
Published: October 2022

We study distributed optimal control problems governed by time‐fractional parabolic equations with time dependent coefficients on metric graphs, where the fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. Using the Galerkin method and compactness results, for the spatial part, and approximating the kernel of the time‐fractional Caputo derivative by a sequence of more regular kernel functions, we first prove the well‐posedness of the system. We then turn to the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the distributed optimal control problem. By means of the Lagrange multiplier method, we develop an adjoint calculus for the right Caputo derivative and derive the corresponding first order optimality system. Moreover, we propose a finite difference scheme to find the approximate solution of the state equation and the resulting optimality system on metric graphs. Finally, examples are provided on two different graphs to illustrate the performance of the proposed difference scheme.
Association between body mass index and subcortical volume in pre‐adolescent children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study
Authors: Hwang In‐seong , Hong Soon‐Beom
Published: October 2022

Conflicting associations exist between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and subcortical brain volumes. This study assessed whether obesity might have a confounding influence on associations between ASD and brain subcortical volumes. A comprehensive investigation evaluating the relationship between ASD, obesity, and subcortical structure volumes was conducted. Data obtained included body mass index (BMI) and T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance images for children with and without ASD diagnoses from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Brain subcortical volumes were calculated using vol2Brain software. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the subcortical volumes similarly or differentially associated with BMI in children with or without ASD and examine association and interaction effects regarding ASD and subcortical volume impact on the Social Responsiveness Scale and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores. Bilateral caudate nuclei were smaller in children with ASD than in control participants. Significant interactions were observed between ASD diagnosis and BMI regarding the left caudate, right and left putamen, and right and left ventral diencephalon (DC) volumes (β = −0.384, p = 0.010; β = −0.336, p = 0.030; β = −0.317, p = 0.040; β = 0.322, p = 0.010; β = 0.295, p = 0.021, respectively) and between ASD diagnosis and right and left ventral DC volumes regarding the VABS scores (β = 0.434, p = 0.014; β = 0.495, p = 0.007, respectively). However, each subcortical structure volume included in the ventral DC area could not be measured separately. The results identified subcortical volumes differentially associated with obesity in children with ASD compared with typically developing peers. BMI may need to be considered an important confounder in future research examining brain subcortical volumes within ASD.
Abstraktion digitaler Bauwerksmodelle als Grundlage für das digitale Instandhaltungsmanagement
Authors: Hartung Robert , Liepe Dominic , Klemt‐Albert Katharina
Published: October 2022

Das Instandhaltungsmanagement von Bauwerken der Infrastruktur ist eine herausfordernde Aufgabe. Ingenieurbauwerke auf Straßen und Schienenwegen sind charakterisiert durch lange Nutzungszeiten von 100 Jahren und mehr. Im Rahmen der Nutzungszeit ergeben sich daher besondere Anforderungen an eine lebenszyklusorientierte Datenorganisation, die Informationen aus Planung und Bau, aber insbesondere aus dem Betrieb erfassen muss. Hierfür stehen den Betreibern i. d. R. Bauwerksmanagementsysteme (BMS) zur Verfügung, die eine bauwerksbezogene Datenorganisation ermöglichen. Durch den Einsatz neuer digitaler Methoden, wie Building Information Modeling (BIM), können insbesondere die Datenorganisation und die Prozesse der Zusammenarbeit in der Instandhaltung unterstützt werden. Grundlage bilden objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle, die neben der Geometrie die semantischen Informationen strukturieren und Verknüpfungen zu weiteren Datenplattformen ermöglichen. Der Aufsatz stellt dar, wie diese Modelle möglichst effizient als geometrisch vereinfachte Bauwerksmodelle – sog. abstrakte Bauwerksmodelle – erstellt werden und somit Anwendungsfelder für eine digitale Instandhaltung geschaffen werden können. Die geometrische Abstraktion ermöglicht es insbesondere für Bestandsbauwerke, effizient digitale Bauwerksmodelle zu erzeugen und mit semantischen Informationen anzureichern. Diese können die Grundlage für eine Informationsanreicherung, eine weitere Detaillierung oder eine strukturierte Schadensverortung am digitalen Modell bilden.
Spatial genome organization, TGFβ, and biomolecular condensates: Do they talk during development?
Authors: Vicioso‐Mantis Marta , Martínez‐Balbás Marian A.
Published: October 2022

Cis‐regulatory elements govern gene expression programs to determine cell identity during development. Recently, the possibility that multiple enhancers are orchestrated in clusters of enhancers has been suggested. How these elements are arranged in the 3D space to control the activation of a specific promoter remains unclear. Our recent work revealed that the TGFβ pathway drives the assembly of enhancer clusters and precise gene activation during neurogenesis. We discovered that the TGFβ pathway coactivator JMJD3 was essential in maintaining these structures in the 3D space. To do that, JMJD3 required an intrinsically disordered region involved in forming phase‐separated biomolecular condensates found in the enhancer clusters. Our data support the existence of a relationship between 3D‐conformation of the chromatin, biomolecular condensates, and TGFβ‐driven response during mammalian neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss how signaling (TGFβ), epigenetics (JMJD3), and biochemical properties (biomolecular condensates nucleation) are coordinated to modulate the genome structure to guarantee proper neural development. Moreover, we comment on the potential underlying mechanisms and implications of the enhancer‐mediated regulation. Finally, we point out the knowledge gaps that still need to be addressed.
Importin α/β and the tug of war to keep TDP‐43 in solution: quo vadis?
Authors: Doll Steven G. , Cingolani Gino
Published: October 2022

The transactivation response‐DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) is an aggregation‐prone nucleic acid‐binding protein linked to the etiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). These conditions feature the accumulation of insoluble TDP‐43 aggregates in the neuronal cytoplasm that lead to cell death. The dynamics between cytoplasmic and nuclear TDP‐43 are altered in the disease state where TDP‐43 mislocalizes to the cytoplasm, disrupting Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs), and ultimately forming large fibrils stabilized by the C‐terminal prion‐like domain. Here, we review three emerging and poorly understood aspects of TDP‐43 biology linked to its aggregation. First, how post‐translational modifications in the proximity of TDP‐43 N‐terminal domain (NTD) promote aggregation. Second, how TDP‐43 engages FG‐nucleoporins in the NPC, disrupting the pore permeability and function. Third, how the importin α/β heterodimer prevents TDP‐43 aggregation, serving both as a nuclear import transporter and a cytoplasmic chaperone.
Some new results on Cox–Czanner divergence and their applications in survival studies
Authors: N. Unnikrishnan Nair , Subhash Silpa , Sunoj S. M.
Published: October 2022

In the present communication, we propose a quantile‐based measure for the divergence between two survival functions. This can also be used in a dynamic way where the divergence between survival functions varies with time. Several new properties of the proposed measure are investigated with suitable examples. The behavior of the measure for various reliability models is also investigated. A real data analysis is employed to compare the relative efficacy of two treatment groups using the proposed divergence measure.
First Occurrence of Megastigmane Glucosides in a Plant of Retama Genus
Authors: Ouissem Bensaid Sara , Carbone Marianna , Palomba Letizia , Bicha Sabrina , Bentamene Ali , Carannante Arianna , Gavagnin Margherita , Letizia Ciavatta Maria
Published: October 2022

Chemical investigation of Retama sphaerocarpa collected in Algeria resulted in the isolation of two megastigmane glucosides, compounds 1 and 2, along with a series of isoflavones and phenol derivatives. Compound 1, named retamoside, was new and its structure was determined by extensive application of spectroscopic methods, including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR and CD. The anti‐inflammatory properties of co‐occurring main megastigmane, saurobaccioside B (2) and structurally related vomifoliol (3) on LPS‐stimulated murine macrophages RAW 274.7 have been evaluated.
Development of duplex real‐time PCR for quick detection of cryptosporidiosis in goats
Authors: Sharma Atul Kumar , Gururaj K. , Sharma Rama , Goel Anjana , Paul Souvik , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Cryptosporidium spp. is the most important foodborne and waterborne pathogens and a leading cause of mortality from foodborne and waterborne gastrointestinal diseases. In neonates of domestic animals, it is associated with consistent diarrhea and dehydration. Cryptosporidium infection begins with the ingestion of sporulated oocytes disseminated by carrier animals that consistently contaminate the environment. Many diagnostic tests are available including microscopy and antigen trap‐ELISA, but none of the diagnostic tests available currently cannot differentiate between active and passive infection in the host. In the current study, to address this challenge an mRNA‐based duplex TaqMan® probe PCR was developed to target the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene and 18SSU rRNA gene in a single tube that can detect metabolically active cryptosporidial oocysts. The mRNA transcripts are the direct indicator of any actively replicating cell and they will help decipher the active stages of its lifecycle in a host. This diagnostic assay was standardized by computing transcript copy number‐based limit of detection (LOD). For COWP and 18SSU rRNA genes, the LOD was 7.08 × 1004 and 5.95 × 1005, respectively. During active infections, the oocyst wall protein will be active and so its COWP gene transcripts will act as a marker for active infection. While transcripts for 18SSU rRNA are constitutively expressed in cryptosporidial life cycle. This current diagnostic assay will be a quantitative marker that will help assess the active stages of Cryptosporidium infection in neonates. The disease dynamics will help better understand to formulate the control strategies and contain infection among healthy animals.
Non‐surgical extirpation of a non‐infectious expanding tricuspid valve mass by percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy
Authors: Asllanaj Blerina , Urzua Alexander , Dota Anthony , Levisman Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Marantic endocarditis refers to a noninfectious lesion, usually in the aortic and mitral valves, that is most commonly seen in advanced malignancy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammatory conditions, including antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), are a rare etiology making up less than 20% of reported cases. The condition is thought to be due to a hypercoagulable state and found postmortem with rates in autopsy series ranging from 0.9% to 1.6%. In comparison to infective endocarditis, marantic endocarditis has a greater tendency for valve vegetations to embolize. Common treatment modalities include anticoagulation or valve replacement. Although percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of right‐sided heart chamber thrombi exists, there are limited reports demonstrating its use with regards to treatment of right‐sided endocarditis. We present the case of an older male with a history of Factor V Leiden and APS who was admitted due to a rapidly expanding mass on the tricuspid valve (TV). Despite serial blood cultures being negative, the patient received adequate antibiotic therapy for more than 4 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an enlarged TV vegetation with an increased diameter from 10 to 30 mm over 6 weeks. Due to the patient's high operative risk and concern for embolization complications, a multidisciplinary decision was made to perform percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of the TV vegetation. Subsequent biopsy of the lesion confirmed it was noninfectious and nonmalignant. Thus, the patient was started on systemic anticoagulation for prevention of thromboembolic events.
An unusual case of Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome revealed by status epilepticus in a Malian patient
Authors: Djimdé Samba O. , Yalcouyé Abdoulaye , Koïta Abdou , Samir Hassana , Kebkiba Pofinet , Gueli Chrystelle Awovi , Maïga Alassane B. , Sissoko Adama S. , Landouré Guida
Published: October 2022

The Duke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological condition with unknown prevalence, globally. To date, <100 cases have been reported worldwide. We report the case of an 18‐year‐old patient admitted for status epilepticus seizure, and who presented a right hemiparesis, body asymmetry, joints ankylosis, and mental retardation. Brain CT‐scan revealed left hemisphere atrophy, skull bone thickening, and hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinuses; all consistent with DDMS. Seizures improved remarkably on Levetiracetam and Valproate. This is the first report of an unusual DDMS in Mali, and the diagnosis delay highlights the challenges for the management of these diseases in resource‐limited settings.
Quadrivalvular nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a patient with clear cell cervical cancer
Authors: Gabelmann Valentin , Grabs Felix , Diestelmeier Simon , Heindl Felix , Vosseler Markus , Münzel Thomas , Sagoschen Ingo , Wild Johannes
Published: October 2022

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare finding, which is mostly associated with malignant diseases leading to hypercoagulability. We report the case of a severe quadruple valve nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a patient with clear cell cervical cancer.
Acute post‐traumatic dermoid peritonitis: A rare entity
Authors: Fendri Sami , Rejab Haitham , Trigui Ayman , Abid Bassem , Majdoub Youssef , Bouzid Ahmed , Fourati Kais , Boujelbene Salah
Published: October 2022

Rupture of ovarian dermoid‐cyst is rare case. We report the case of a woman admitted for acute post‐traumatic abdominal pain due to ruptured ovarian cyst. The patient was operated and we found a very abundant peritoneal effusion with left ovarian cyst which was broken. we performed a left adnexectomy.
A rare soft tissue tumor of the big toe: Superficial acral fibromyxoma
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Teborbi Anis
Published: October 2022

Superficial acral fibromyxoma (SAF) is a rare and benign soft tissue tumor that has a predilection to develop in acral sites. Its treatment is surgical excision. Follow‐up is recommended due to the risk of recurrence. The purpose of this case is to raise awareness of this recently described neoplasm.
Preparation of Shaped Binder‐Free SSZ‐13 Zeolite and Its Application in CO2 Adsorption and Catalysis
Authors: Jiang Yulin , Zhou Wei , He Ning , Yan Siyang , Chen Shaoyun , Liu Jiaxu
Published: October 2022

SSZ‐13, small‐pore zeolite with chabazite (CHA) topology, exhibits outstanding performance in gas adsorption‐separation and catalysis. However, most of the studies on SSZ‐13 zeolite are limited to the powder form. In practical application, the SSZ‐13 zeolite should be shaped with a certain amount of inert binder into technical form resulting in reduced performance. Herein, shaped binder‐free SSZ‐13 zeolite was prepared by treating the extruded SSZ‐13/SiO2 sample with amantadine solution under hydrothermal conditions, to crystallize the SiO2 binder into the zeolite phase. The characterization and DFT calculation results point out that the recrystallization of SiO2 binder in shaped SSZ‐13 into zeolite crystal could improve the physical and chemical properties. Enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity and catalysis performance in CO2‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane were also found on the shaped binder‐free SSZ‐13 zeolite.
Pareto Optimization of Low‐Density Polyethylene in a Tubular Reactor Using a Hybrid Strategy
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Zahan Khairul Azly , Muhammad Dinie , Murat Muhamad Nazri
Published: October 2022

Multi‐objective optimization (MOO) to produce low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) in a tubular reactor is performed for three different purposes, namely, maximizing the monomer exchange rate, lowering operational costs, and increasing the productivity. The ASPEN simulator is used to resolve optimization problems. Here, MOO of particle swamp optimization (MOPSO), non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II), and a hybrid strategy of NSGA II‐MOPSO are employed as a model‐based optimization for LDPE production in a tubular reactor. The results demonstrated that the hybrid strategy of NSGA II‐MOPSO is the most effective MOO strategy. Using the hybrid strategy, the discovered solution set provides the utmost precision and diversity along the Pareto front.
Hijacking the Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathway of Escherichia coli to Produce Muropeptides
Authors: Rousseau Antoine , Michaud Julie , Pradeau Stéphanie , Armand Sylvie , Cottaz Sylvain , Richard Emeline , Fort Sébastien
Published: October 2022

Soluble fragments of peptidoglycan called muropeptides are released from the cell wall of bacteria as part of their metabolism or as a result of biological stresses. These compounds trigger immune responses in mammals and plants. In bacteria, they play a major role in the induction of antibiotic resistance. The development of efficient methods to produce muropeptides is, therefore, desirable both to address their mechanism of action and to design new antibacterial and immunostimulant agents. Herein, we engineered the peptidoglycan recycling pathway of Escherichia coli to produce N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminyl‐(1→4)‐1,6‐anhydro‐N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐muramic acid (GlcNAc‐anhMurNAc), a common precursor of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive muropeptides. Inactivation of the hexosaminidase nagZ gene allowed the efficient production of this key disaccharide, providing access to Gram‐positive muropeptides through subsequent chemical peptide conjugation. E. coli strains deficient in both NagZ hexosaminidase and amidase activities further enabled the in vivo production of Gram‐negative muropeptides containing meso‐diaminopimelic acid, a rarely available amino acid.
Development of green‐colour‐emitting pyrotechnics as a core for 3D temperature imaging sensors inside coal boilers
Authors: Kanitkar Swarom , Zhou Yan , Haynes Daniel , Sabolsky Edward M. , Chorpening Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Efficiency in the control operation of the boilers for coal and coal with biomass can be further improved if the flue gas temperature distribution can be better characterized. This is very difficult in these harsh environmental systems, where spatially resolved measurements are nearly impossible with solid‐state sensors. In this work, we evaluate the development of pyrotechnic compounds that would serve as the basis for a novel optical mapping of the temperature inside coal boilers. For this purpose, various green‐colour‐emitting pyrotechnics using BaCl2 · 2H2O and Ba(NO3)2 as the green light source were prepared, as this colour offers a distinct signal from the combustion‐based background in the boiler. These pyrotechnics were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and tested using a flat‐flame burner. Furthermore, the composition was varied to evaluate the effect of different metal fuels such as Sn, Co, and Mg, as well as various binders such as ethylcellulose, shellac, parlon, and PVC on green light emission. The emission intensity and the apparent ignition temperature were strongly dependent on the metal type, with Mg showing higher intensities. On the other hand, the effect of the binder showed that the ignition behaviour, emission intensity, and spectral purity were influenced by the nature and exothermicity of the binder. The addition of other potential green light‐producing materials, such as boric acid, increased the intensity of emission by 17% for a BaCl2 · 2H2O‐based composition. This study identified prospective compositions with intense and bright green‐colour emissions that have high spectral purities.
Artificial and Semi‐artificial Photosynthesis (AP and SAP) Systems Based on Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mo Guanglai , Wang Qiao , Lu Wanyue , Wang Chen , Li Peng
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Recently, artificial and semi‐artificial photosynthesis have attracted extensive attentions in addressing the crisis of energy from fossil fuels and reducing excessive CO2 emission. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as ideal platforms for constructing artificial photosynthesis systems due to their unique properties like large specific surface area, high porosity and diverse framework topology, and tunable functionalities. This review discussed the characteristics, superiorities and challenges of MOF‐based photocatalysts, and detailed summarization of several common design strategies for MOF‐based artificial systems, including i) enhancement of light absorption, ii) acceleration of the charge separation and transfer, and iii) introduction of additional active units. Particularly, we give examples showing the applications of MOF‐based photocatalysts, where the mechanisms of superior photocatalytic activity and selectivity are also analyzed, thereby providing theoretical guidance for rational design of MOF‐based photocatalysts. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of MOF‐based photocatalysts are prospected.
A novel fuzzy based deep neural network for rain fall prediction using cloud images
Authors: Manoj Stanislaus Oswalt , Harshavardhanan Pon , Victor Akila , Arumugam Sajeev Ram
Published: October 2022

The most challenging aspect of weather forecasting is predicting rainfall. In contrast, timely and precise rainfall forecasting is immensely useful in developing effective security measures for active infrastructure projects, logistics, agricultural activities, air transport operations, and flood scenarios. Artificial intelligence has been established to predict rain precipitation, but very little research has been conducted on images than time‐series data to predict rainfall. However, the accuracy of the prediction model utilizing pictures is lower when compared to time series data. Thus a novel fuzzy based deep neural network (NFDNN) model was created to increase rainfall prediction performance. Initially, our research utilized input cloud images, in which the fuzzy wavelet incorporated with neural networks is utilized to identify clouds in the sky. Second, the types of clouds are determined by a fuzzy deep neural networks cloud classifier in which the adaptive fuzzy sparse representation is used. Then, the density‐based spatial clustering for applications containing noise clustering method was used to detect rainy clouds by evaluating the cloud's color and density from the fuzzy deep neural network cloud classifier. Finally, rainfall was predicted using information such as cloud categorization, appearance, and height obtained from cloud position and cloud types. As a result, the proposed NFDNN model gives a better prediction result than the existing methods.
Mechanochemical Preparation of Edge‐Selectively justify Hydroxylated Graphene Nanosheets Using Persulfate via a Sulfate Radical‐Mediated Process
Authors: Huang Cuiyu , Lin Jin , Tang Heqing , Wang Qin , Majima Tetsuro , Wang Nan , Luo Zhihong , Zhu Lihua
Published: October 2022

The production of water‐dispersed graphene with low defects remains a challenge. The dry ball milling of graphite with additives produces edge‐selectively functionalized graphene. However, the “inert” additives require a long milling time and cause inevitable in‐plane defects. Here, the mechanochemical reaction of graphite with persulfate solved the above drawback and produced edge‐selectively hydroxylated graphene (EHG) nanosheets through a 2 h ball‐milling and a subsequent 0.5 h sonication. The mechanochemical cleavage of persulfate yielded SO4⋅− to spontaneously oxidize graphite to form the carbon radical cations selectively at edges, followed by hydroxylation with water of moisture. Because the O−O bond dissociation energy of persulfate is 20 % of the graphitic C−C bond, the rather low milling energy allowed the hydroxylation of graphite at edges with nearly no in‐plane defects. The obtained EHG showed high water‐dispersibility and excellent photothermal and electrochemical properties, thereby opening up a new door to fabricate graphene‐based composites.
Embody Thanksgiving as a leadership trait
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: October 2022

In this column, I often discuss developing skills to enhance your leadership skillset or toolbox. Thanksgiving, or actively practicing gratitude, is one of those characteristics that will make you a better leader. I go back and forth with myself when determining whether thanksgiving is a skill to develop or a personality trait. I choose to believe that even someone who has never spent time contemplating things for which to be grateful can become a person filled with thanksgiving through intentional practice.