bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat Utilization, Interspefic Interactions and Status of a Recolonized Population of Bighorn Sheep at a Wild Horse Range
Authors: Schemnitz Sanford , Coates Kevin
Published: July 2020

Data have been collected from 05-86 to 11-87 to aid in the development of a management program for Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA). The purpose of this report is to summarize progress toward completing the following Objectives: 1. Determine the size, and age/sex composition of the sheep herd at BICA; determine the general health of the herd. 2. Analyze the seasonal food habits of sheep and wild horses; analyze the dietary overlap of these species; analyze the foraging behavior of sheep in habitats occupied exclusively by sheep and compare with the foraging behavior of sheep in habitats used in common with horses and/or humans. 3. Analyze seasonal habitat use throughout the annual cycle; analyze activity patterns during all daylight hours and relate to habitat use; identify and describe sensitive use areas for consideration in future sheep management programs. 4. Determine the total habitat potential of BICA.
Assessment of Vertebrate Species Distribution and Status within Fort Laramie National Historic Site
Authors: Armstrong David
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this on-going study are to: ( 1) develop a complete list of vertebrate species for Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FLNHS): (2) establish an information base on vertebrate populations: ( 3) identify threatened, endangered, and overpopulated species and recommend applicable managemant actions: and ( 4) assess the impact on wildlife populations of grazing by horses. Although these were recognized in advance as ambitious goals, each is, to some extent, being met.
Development and Application of a Statistical Model for the Cumulative Effects of Human Intervention on Bald Eagle Habitat in the Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Anderson Donald , Montopoli George
Published: July 2020

The research underway has three primary objectives. The first of these is to test the transferability of the cumulative effects model (CEM) developed for the Bridger-Teton National Forest to the Grand Teton National Park. The second major objective is the development of computer software which will easily implement the CEM into the management decision process. For this objective it is necessary that the software be available on standard personal computers, that it provide appropriate tables and graphics suitable for reports, and that it be flexible in terms of the range of "what if" questions that might be posed by the manager. The last objective is to implemant the CEM and the computer package developed to assess the bald eagle habitat in Grand Teton National Park.
Submerged Shorelines of Jackson Lake, Wyoming: Do They Exist and Define Postglacial Deformation on the Teton Fault?
Authors: Pierce Kenneth , Colman Steven
Published: July 2020

The Teton fault is one of the most active normal faults in the world, as attested by the precipitous high front of the Teton Range. After deglaciation of northern Jackson Hole about 15,000 years ago (Porter and others, 1983), offset on the Teton fault southwest of Jackson Lake has totaled 60-80 feet (19-24 m) (Gilbert and others, 1983). In less than the last 9 million years, offset on the Teton fault has totaled 25,000-30,000 ft (7,500-9,000 m) (Love and Reed, 1971).
White Pelican Reproduction in the Molly Islands Breeding Colony, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Compared to other North American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, breeding colonies, the Molly Islands Colony is a minor colony consisting of 400-600 adults (Lier and Behle, 1966: Diem and Condon, 1967: Sloan, 1973; Diem, 1976). Despite its small size, the colony is unique for these reasons: 1) it is the only White Pelican breeding colony in a national park; 2) the location of the colony at an elevation of 2,357 m is the highest recorded for any breeding colony of the species; 3) discovered in 1890, the colony has had variable surveillance since 1917, with relatively intense monitoring since 1965: 4) the breeding population is composed of birds from both coasts of North America; and 5) the colony's nesting sites on the two Molly Islands change frequently with no predictable pattern. In addition, a cumulative substrate uplift along the north shore of Yellowstone lake appears to have significantly raised the stable water level of the southern arms of the lake. Consequently, the major objective of this project is to continue monitoring changes in the reproductive success of the Molly Islands White Pelican colony and to continue studies of the factors influencing those changes.
Fire and Landscape Dynamics in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Romme William , Despain Don
Published: July 2020

This study is an investigation of long-term patch dynamics in the mosaic of forest communities covering the subalpine plateaus of Yellowstone Park. Our specific objectives are the following: (1) We will map the present forest mosaic of a 600,000-ha area, showing the age (number of years since the last destructive fire) and successional stage of each more-or-less homogeneous patch of forest. (2) Using this map, we will measure the area of each patch created by past fires, determine the size distribution of patches, and estimate the frequency and predictability of formation of patches of each size. (3) We will reconstruct the changes during the last 200-300 years in individual forest stands and in the entire landscape mosaic, and use these reconstructions to answer the following questions: (a) Has the Yellowstone landscape been characterized by quasi-equilibrium conditions, in which the proportion of the total area covered by early, middle, and late successional stages and the diversity of plant communities represented have remained more-or-less constant, or have these parameters fluctuated greatly in the last 250 years? (b) If we find that the entire landscape has been in a state of equilibrium (which we may not find), then what is the minimum land area necessary for landscape dynamics to approach this condition, i.e., to what extent could the Park be divided into isolated subunits without these subunits losing the quasi-equilibrium state? (c) How have the proportions of forest successional stages varied over time in units of the Park that have special ecological interest, such as elk summer range, grizzly bear habitat, or the watershed of Yellowstone Lake?
The Relationship of Climate to Sedimentation Rates in Lakes and Ponds in Yellowstome National Park
Authors: Wright, Jr. H.
Published: July 2020

The problem posed concerns the relative importance of climate, fire, hillslope erosion induced by overgrazing, and nutrient enrichment as recorded in selected lakes in the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park especially during the last 150 years, When populations of elk are known to have fluctuated greatly, and when slight climatic changes are suggested from other lines of research.
Virgin River Spinedace Habitat Preference Study
Authors: Deacon James , Rebane Anga
Published: July 2020

Thus far in the study, 4 species of endemic fishes and 2 introduced trout species have been collected, measured for total length, and in some cases, weighed, and then released. Sampling has been accomplished by electroshocking on 6, 7, 8, and 9 July, 1987, at 4 sites on the East and North Forks of the Virgin River, as well as 1 site on the Santa Clara River, and 1 site on Moody Wash near Mogatsu Creek, a tributary of the Santa Clara River. Seining, measuring, and releasing was done on 3, 4, and 20 September, 4 and 10 October, and on 9 and 10 January, 1988, at five sites on the East and North Forks of the Virgin River. Electroshocking was used on 9 January, 1988 at one of the North Fork sites, utilizing a backpack electroshocker unit borrowed from Donna Withers, of the Nevada Department of Wildlife. On 24, 29, and 30 August, fish were surveyed by seining or dip netting at Lytle Ranch, on Beaver Dam Wash, a tributary of the Virgin River, for purposes of determining favorable habitat conditions under a different regime. Electroshocking was determined to be limited in use in the Virgin River system, due to the frequent turbidity of the water, and the depth of the pools. In winter we have not collected substantial numbers of any species, with either electroshocking or seining techniques. It is possible that the fish are located in places unaccessible to our sampling techniques, or possibly they have undertaken significant migration to other locations, most likely towards the warmer waters of lower elevations. Mass mortality can be ruled out due to the fact that all fish species have been observed to reappear in early spring. We need to revise our sampling techniques, and are working on a variety of different procedures to be able to collect fish in winter, or find out where they live. The limitations of the winter habitat may prove to be an important factor in the continued success of the spinedace in the Virgin River in Zion. The borrowed electroshocking equipment seems marginally successful in sampling fishes in the highly conductive water of the Virgin. A more powerful unit needs to be procured. When the water is clear, shocking works well because the fish can be visualized and netted while immobilized by the shocker, but the frequent turbidity of the water would make any fish not surfacing impossible to see and catch, even though it was immobilized.
Vegetation Communities of Zion National Park
Authors: Harper Kimball , Sanderson Stewart , McArthur E.
Published: July 2020

The overall objectives of this study are to 1) provide a map of the current vegetation of Zion National Park (ZNP), 2) provide a listing of all vascular plants known for the Park, 3) list all rare, endangered and exotic plant species growing within the Park and describe the distribution and habitat preferences of each as fully as possible, 4) list representative locations for examples of undisturbed stands of each of the major vegetational types, and 5) present our basic field data to the Park on computer disks with software programs that will permit employees to access data files easily and systematically. These objectives are being satisfied through systematic sampling of the vegetation at 1. 6 km intervals. Ideally, the samples should be taken at all section corners using cadastral survey maps, but some remote portions of the park have never been surveyed. As a consequence, we have established a master grid system overlaying the entire Park. Where survey lines do exist our grid system is completely congruent with them. For ease of identifying grid intersection points for data retrieval, we have assigned alphabetical letters to the north-south lines and arabic numbers to the east-west lines. A master map is on file at ZNP headquarters at Springdale, Utah.
Cardiac Telemetry, Natality and Genetics of a Recolonized Population of Bighorn Sheep at a Wild Horse Range
Authors: Coates Kevin , Schemnitz Sanford
Published: July 2020

Data were collected from 05-88 to 12-88 in continued research to aid in the development of a management program for Rocky Mountain bighorn Sheep (Ovid c. canadensis) at Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BICA). A principle goal of the management program at BICA is to promote the continued expansion of a recolonized population throughout ancestral habitat in the area (BICA 1984). In previous research at BICA (Coates and Schemnitz, 1988), we identified 3 factors as potentially limiting to herd expansion: visitor and (or) vehicular disturbance of bighorns (esp. reproductive ewes), competition with horses for grasses, and possible genetic constraints on recruitment resulting from small founder-group size.
Development of a Recreational use Model for the San Juan River
Authors: Nations Dale , Chalk Bruce
Published: July 2020

The objective of this project is to develop management alternatives to reduce campsite and attraction crowding along the San Juan River and to specifically address overcrowding at two sites, Grand Gulch and Slickhorn Canyons. In addition, once the model is operational it can be used to assist in the development of a general river management plan.
Jackson Lake Archaelogical Project
Authors: Connor Melissa
Published: July 2020

The Jackson Lake Archaeological Project completed its 5th and final field season in late October, 1988. While the current drought caused many problems, the lowered water levels in Jackson Lake allowed more archaeological work to be accomplished than imagined at the inception of the project in 1984. Funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, the work was completed by crews from the Midwest Archaeological Center of the National Park Service. During the project, 109 archaeological sites were recorded. This is the highest density of sites in any area in the Grand Teton-Yellowstone area and is presently reshaping the thinking of archaeologists about the importance of this area in prehistoric times. The materials found range in time from Paleo-Indian materials (ca. 11,000 - 9,000 years before present) to a historic trapper/hunter cabin (ca. A.D. 1875-1910). Much of the prehistoric material is badly disturbed by wave action due to the reservoir. However, survey, testing, and excavation by the Park Service crews, study of the landforms by U.S. Geological Survey geologist Dr. Ken Pierce, and backhoe trenching by the University of Wyoming succeeded in defining a significant amount of information.
Reproductive Biology of Cyphoderris strepitans: Copulatory Behavior and the Effect of Nuptual Feeding on Male Acoustic Activity
Authors: Sakaluk Scott , Snedden W.
Published: July 2020

Cyphoderris strepitans is a relic species of the Haglidae, an ancient group abundant during the Triassic and thought to have given rise to the modern crickets and katydids. C. strepitans occurs in disjunct 'pockets' only in the mountains of Wyoming and Colorado and little is known of its role in the ecology of these sensitive areas. Several features of this animals behavior are of interest to the evolutionary biologist. The mating period of C. strepitans occupies a very narrow time window of approximately 1 month and under ideal weather conditions most mating can take place within a period of several weeks. Males becore acoustically active very early in the spring (early May) and are able to stridulate at temperatures below 0Â° C (Dodson et al 1983). In addition to providing females with a spermatophore at mating, males also provision females with a nuptial gift. This food gift takes the form of the male's fleshy matathorasic wings; females feed on the wing material, and resultant flow of heamolymph, while in copula. The mating behavior of C. strepitans has not previously been adequately described and thus it was the first objective of this study to quantify the specific behaviors of the copulatory sequence. The environmental conditions under which males stridulate are extremely harsh and calling likely represents a physiologically costly endeavor. In a previous study (Sakaluk et al 1987) we hypothesized that non-virgin males, having invested in both a spermatophore and nuptial provisioning and thus lost a significant energy reserve, should be limited in their ability to sustain calling in a demanding environmnent. This should result in reduced attraction of females and consequently reduced remating success. The results of our 1986 study were inconclusive although significant differences between groups were noted (Sakaluk et al 1987). Our second objective was to retest this hypothesis using more sensitive techniques.
Vegetation Communities of Zion National Park
Authors: Harper Kimball , Sanderson Stewart , McArthur E. , Tuhy Joel
Published: July 2020

The overall objectives of this study are to (1) provide a map of the current vegetation of Zion National Park (ZNP), (2) provide a listing of all vascular plants known for the Park, (3) list all rare, endangered and exotic plant species growing within the Park and describe the distribution and habitat preferences of each as fully as possible, (4) list representative locations for examples of undisturbed stands of each of the major vegetational types, and (5) present our basic field data to the Park on computer disks with software programs that will permit employees to access data files easily and systematically. These objectives are being satisfied through systematic sampling of the vegetation at 1.6 km intervals. Ideally, the samples should be taken at all section corners using cadastral survey maps, but some remote portions of the park have never been surveyed. As a consequence, we are using the Universal Transverse Mercator grid system for describing locations of all study plots.
An Analysis of Composition, Distribution, and Habitat Use of Reintroduced Desert Bighorn Sheep in Arches National Park, Utah
Authors: Haas C. , Workman Gar
Published: July 2020

The ecology of a reintroduced population of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni} is being investigated in Arches National Park. National Park Service objectives are: (1) determine general ecological parameters, including population and social dynamics, seasonal distribution and habitat use patterns, and general health characteristics; and (2) develop a comprehensive program of habitat analysis and evaluation that can be used to determine habitat suitability and identify transplant sites in other National Park Service units.
Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima, Propagation and Revegetation
Authors: Hughes Harrison , Weglinski Eugene
Published: July 2020

The focus of this research is two-fold. First it is to develop a methodology for the asexual production of blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.) propagules. Furthermore, these propagules are to be evaluated for their use in revegetation of disturbed areas within Canyonlands National Park.
Feeding Selectivity of Montane and Long-Tailed Voles (Microtus montanus and M. longicaudus)
Authors: Jannett, Jr. Frederick
Published: July 2020

Monitoring populations of these species of voles (1982-1988) has shown that Microtus longicaudus exhibits relatively stable numbers while M. montanus has dramatic fluctuations in some habitats. The study sites for M. montanus have been chosen to include primary and secondary habitat, and proximate and isolated habitat patches. Vegetation has heretofore not been quantitatively analyzed. The purpose of the research begun in 1989 is to ascertain how selectively these species feed, and to assess vegetation as a factor in demographic processes in the two species.
Field Metabolic Rates and Cohort Analysis in Microtine Rodents
Authors: Negus Norman , Berger Patricia , Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Objectives of this study have been to analyze cohort responses to environmental fluctuations and to compare the energetics in two species of microtine rodents Microtus montanus and M. longicaudus.
Giardia and Other Parasites of Small Mammals in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: O'Dell William , Watkins Raychel , Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this study are to document the effects of parasitism on vole (Microtus spp.) population dynamics and to determine the potential of small mammals in Grand Teton National Park to serve as reservoirs of human parasites. Immediate goals for 1989 were to (1) continue the documentation of the incidence and prevalence of small mammal parasites, (2) determine the age at which Giardia infections are contracted by the Microtus host, (3) identify ticks associated with small mammals, and (4) survey small mammals for Babesia infections.
Fire History of the Lamar River Drainage, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Authors: Barrett Stephen , Arno Stephen
Published: July 2020

This study's goal is to document the fire history of the Lamar River drainage, southeast of Soda Butte Creek in the Absaroka Mountains of northeastern Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Elsewhere in YNP investigators have documented very long-interval fire regimes for lodgepole pine forests occurring on rhyolitic derived soils (Romme 1982, Romme and Despain 1989) and short-interval fire regimes for the Douglas-fir/grassland types (Houston 1973). No fire regime information was available for lodgepole pine forests on andesitic derived soils, such as in the Lamar drainage. This study will provide managers with a more complete understanding of YNP natural fire history, and the data will supplement the park's Geographic Information System (GIS) data base. Moreover, most of the study area was severely burned in 1988 and historical tree ring data soon will be lost to attrition of potential sample trees.
The Role of Subnivean Access in Winter Habitat Selection of Marten in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Sherburne Stuart , Bissonette John
Published: July 2020

This research project has two primary goals. The first is to determine home range spatial dynamics of marten (Maxes americana) in Yellowstone relative to habitat type. Results of this analysis will aid in the understanding of marten habitat selection. The study's second goal is aimed at identifying the habitat variables that influence subnivean access. A proximate factor analysis of subnivean access behavior will be conducted to determine the components that make old growth suitable for marten. Results from both objectives will allow assessment of the effects of the 1988 fires in Yellowstone on marten habitat.
Vegetation Communities of Zion National Park
Authors: Harper Kimball , Sanderson Stewart , McArthur E.
Published: July 2020

The overall objectives of this study are to (1) provide a map of the current vegetation of Zion National Park (ZNP), (2) provide a listing of all vascular plants known for the park, (3) list all rare, endangered, and exotic plant species growing within the park and describe the distribution and habitat preferences of each as fully as possible, (4) list representative locations for examples of undisturbed stands of each of the major vegetational types, and (5) present our basic field data to the park on computer disks with software programs that will permit employees to access data files easily and systematically. These objectives will be satisfied using field data collected in the growing seasons of 1987, 1988, and 1989 at 0.01 ha survey plots. Those plots were laid out at the intersections of a grid with intersections 1.6 km apart. Ideally, the samples should have been taken at all section corners using cadastral survey maps, but some remote areas in the park have not been surveyed. As a consequence, the Universal Tranverse Mercator grid system is used as the reference system for describing plot locations. A total of slightly over 310 survey plots have been sampled in the park.
Front Matter and Table of Contents
Authors: Boyce Mark , Plumb Glenn
Published: July 2020

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
Reclamation of Disturbed Lands in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Authors: McKell Cyrus
Published: July 2020

This report covers the first half of a project dealing with establishment of field study plots to guide reclamation of disturbed areas in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and comparable sites. Unpredictable weather in the current drought cycle has required the rescheduling of field work to coincide with favorable soil moisture conditions. In April, 1990, study sites were established in two locations; near Paige, AZ and Hall's Crossing, UT. The site at Paige was ripped prior to planting, and the site at Hall's Crossing was located on fill over a dump area. At each site, 8 replications of 4 planting treatments involving 10 native species of grasses, forbs and shrubs were set out. Treatments were designed to create optimal conditions for establishment; including seeding with a mulch cover, transplanting of container-grown plants, planting into a small water collecting basin, and planting into a basin plus receiving a slow-release fertilizer pellet and a water retaining soil amendment. Tasks remaining are replanting some plants in March, 1991, gathering plant establishment data in March, and completing a literature review on land revegetation under arid conditions.
Climatic Factors, Reproductive Success and Population Dynamics in the Montane Vole, Microtus montanus
Authors: Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Multiannual fluctuations in population density ("cycles") of small rodents are well known (Elton 1942). Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon (for reviews see Krebs and Myers 1974, Finerty 1980, Taitt and Krebs 1985). However, none of these hypotheses, alone or in combination, have been able to explain the causality of cycles.
Effects of Domestic Livestock and Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Smith Michael , Dodd Jerrold
Published: July 2020

The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk (Cervus elaphus), buffalo (Bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and antelope (Antilocapra americana) have historically used the area. Moose (Alces alces) are currently relatively abundant. Currently, livestock continue to use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Large grazing wildlife also inhabit the Park area. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources, to achieve desired plant community goals by effectively managing grazing.
Status, Distribution, and Management of Mountain Goats in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Laundre John
Published: July 2020

Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) are not thought to be historic natives to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. They occurred in the area before 10,000 B.P. but all evidence indicates they were extirpated from the area by the time Europeans arrived. The Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks introduced goats into the area in the mid 1900's. Goats have expanded in numbers and range and are occasionally seen within Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. There is concern that their presence in the Parks might negatively impact native plants and animals. This study assessed the current distribution of mountain goats and their potential impact on fauna and flora of the Parks. The current distribution of mountain goats in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem was determined by consulting area resource managers, perusing sighting records, and conducting field surveys. The potential impact of goats on the fauna and flora of Yellowstone and Grand Teton Parks was assessed by compiling all available information on mountain goat behavior and ecology.
Insect Response to the 1988 Fires in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Lavigne Robert , Lockwood Jeffrey , Christiansen Tim , Shaw Scott
Published: July 2020

Collection of insect abundance and distribution data for the 1990 field season in Yellowstone National Park was initiated in early June, using several methods: litter sampling, pit traps, sweeping and Malaise traps. Final collections were made during the first week of September.
Modification of acid on beta zeolite catalysts by ion-exchange method for ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether
Authors: Thapplee Montri , Krutpijit Chadaporn , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit ฺีBunjerd
Published: August 2020

The catalytic ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether (DEE) over the synthesized beta zeolite (BEA) with different acidity on catalysts having Na and mixed Na-H forms was studied. The Na form of BEA catalyst was synthesized via the hydrothermal process, including non-calcined (Na-BEA_N) and calcined (Na-BEA_C) catalysts. The Na-BEA_C catalyst was successively used in the synthesis of different mixed Na-H forms under the ion-exchange method using the ammonium nitrate solution at 70°C for 2 h/cycle. In the present study, two different cycles were chosen, including one cycle (M-BEA_1) and four cycles (M-BEA_4) to compare the amount of acidity on catalysts. The results indicated that the M-BEA_1 catalyst exhibited a large surface area and contained the highest moderate acid site, which strongly affected the optimal catalytic activity at low temperature (<250°C) with ethanol conversion of 74.6% and DEE yield of 27.3%. However, the increased number of ion-exchange cycles had not shown remarkable effects on catalytic activity due to low surface area and moderate acidity.
Label-free microendoscopy using a micro-needle imaging probe for in vivo deep tissue imaging
Authors: Park Kwanjun , Kim June Hoan , Kong Taedong , Sun Woong , Lee Jonghwan , Yang Taeseok Daniel , Choi Youngwoon
Published: August 2020

We report a label-free imaging method for microendoscopy that uses a needle-type imaging probe. We inserted a thin GRIN lens that had been attached to a fiber bundle into a medical-grade needle that was used as an imaging probe. The introduction of the needle probe into biological tissue allows for direct access to deep regions that we otherwise could not achieve because of the multiple light scattering. To minimize invasiveness, we introduced the illuminating probe on the tissue surface, using an oblique back-illumination configuration. We achieved three-dimensional depth imaging by changing the depth of penetration. Since only the imaging probe goes deep into the tissue while leaving the illumination channels outside, the achievable signal depends on the location of the illumination channels. We explored this point and investigated the optimal condition for the illumination distance in a systematic way. We also applied this method to ex vivo, as well as in vivo, imaging of a mouse brain, and confirmed that we had visualized the microvasculature embedded deep within the brain.
Random two-frame interferometry based on deep learning
Authors: Li Ziqiang , Li Xinyang , Liang Rongguang
Published: July 2020

A two-frame phase-shifting interferometric wavefront reconstruction method based on deep learning is proposed. By learning from a large number of simulation data based on a physical model, the wrapped phase can be calculated accurately from two interferograms with an unknown phase step. The phase step can be any value excluding the integral multiples of π and the size of interferograms can be flexible. This method does not need a pre-filtering to subtract the direct-current term, but only needs a simple normalization. Comparing with other two-frame methods in both simulations and experiments, the proposed method can achieve better performance.
Discrete optics in optomechanical waveguide arrays
Authors: Xu Xinbiao , Ren Linhao , Shi Lei , Zhang Xinliang
Published: August 2020

The propagation properties of light in optomechanical waveguide arrays (OMWAs) are studied. Due to the strong mechanical Kerr effect, the optical self-focusing and self-defocusing phenomena can be realized in the arrays of subwavelength dielectric optomechanical waveguides with the milliwatt-level incident powers and micrometer-level lengths. Compared with the conventional nonlinear waveguide arrays, the required incident powers and lengths of the waveguides are decreased by five orders of magnitude and one order of magnitude, respectively. Furthermore, by adjusting the deformation of the nanowaveguides through a control light, the propagation path of the signal light in the OMWA can be engineered, which could be used as a splitting-ratio-tunable beam splitter. This Letter provides a new platform for discrete optics and broadens the application of integrated optomechanics.
Parallelized fiber Michelson interferometers with advanced curvature sensitivity plus abated temperature crosstalk
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Yan-Xin , Zhang Wei-Gang , Kong Ling-Xin , Yue Yang , Yan Tie-Yi
Published: August 2020

In this Letter, we proposed a super sensitive optic-fiber curvature sensor with ultra-low temperature crosstalk based on Vernier effect and achieved it experimentally. This sensor composes a pair of parallelized 2CFMIs (2-core-fiber Michelson interferometers) in similar lengths, both of which are involved sensing, but there is a rotation angle between their cross-sections. When the rotation angle approaches 180°, the magnification factor for curvature sensitivity is doubled compared with conventional Vernier effect, while for temperature it is always 1. Therefore, advanced curvature sensitivity and abated temperature crosstalk can be realized simultaneously when demodulating Vernier envelops. The experiment results indicate that the curvature sensitivity of this sensor reached

214.533

n
m

/

m

−
1

, and temperature crosstalk was as low as

0.000276

m

−
1

/

∘

C

. The fabrication process is extremely flexible and repeatable, and the magnification factor of Vernier effect could be controlled conveniently.
Vertically aligned GaN nanorod arrays/p-Si heterojunction self-powered UV photodetector with ultrahigh photoresponsivity
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Tang Xin , Yang Yuhui , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang
Published: August 2020

Self-powered photodetectors have demonstrated potential for developing future wireless and implantable devices. Herein, we present a self-powered UV photodetector with an ultrahigh photoresponse based on vertically oriented and high crystalline quality

n

-type GaN nanorod arrays: poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-Si heterojunction. Benefiting from the highly efficient separation and transport of photoexcited electron–hole pairs, significant improvements in photoresponsivity are experimentally obtained. In a zero-biased self-powered detection mode, a

6.7

A

W

−
1

responsivity and

2.68

×

10

13

Jones detectivity are achieved under 355 nm light illumination, and the response time is as low as 0.29/3.07 ms (rise/fall times).
Enhanced efficiency of organic light-emitting devices by using a directly imprinted nanopillared ultrathin metallic electrode
Authors: Ma Chi , Liu Yue-Feng , Gao Xiu-Min , Bi Yan-Gang , Zhang Xu-Lin , Yin Da , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: August 2020

An ultrathin metal film with high transmittance and conductivity has been demonstrated to be a promising transparent electrode for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, mediocre surface morphology and continuity of evaporated metal films and the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) energy loss between the metal electrode and organic layer still limit the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OLEDs. Here, nanoimprint lithography has been directly applied on the ultrathin Au film with underlying uncured photopolymer to fabricate the nanopillared anode. Both the conductivity and transmittance of the nanopillared ultrathin Au film have been improved due to the improvement of continuity and surface smoothness. As we expected, the SPPs mode has been coupled into photons and further extracted from OLEDs by using the nanopillared Au film anode. Finally, 19.2% and 70.1% enhancement of current efficiency were achieved compared to the planar device with ultrathin Au anode and ITO anode, respectively.
Energy transfer upconversion in Nd:YAG at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Cante S. , Mackenzie J. I.
Published: August 2020

The precise characterisation of the ground state absorption cross
section around 800 nm for Nd:YAG from
room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature is presented. These
results enabled the measurement of the energy transfer upconversion
macroparameter over the same temperature range for 0.3at.%- and
0.6at.%-doped samples via a simple automated z-scan technique. The
main absorption cross section peak at 808 nm is found to increase from (6.90 ± 0.30) pm2 at the highest, to (42.30 ± 2.10)
pm2 at the lowest
temperatures. Over the same range, the energy transfer upconversion
parameter increases from (21.5 ± 2.3) 10−18 cm3/s
to (52.6 ± 2.5) 10−18 cm3/s and from
(36.0 ± 2.8) 10−18 cm3/s to
(65.7 ± 1.9) 10−18 cm3/s, for the
0.3at.%- and 0.6at.%-doped crystals, respectively. Although energy
transfer upconversion is known to limit room temperature operation on
the 946 nm transition for this laser, we
demonstrate that when the crystal is cooled to liquid nitrogen
temperature, despite a twofold increase in the macroparameter, it has
a negligible effect on performance.
Cifuentes Honrubia, J. L. (2018). Construcciones con clítico femenino lexicalizado. Madrid: Verbum. 422 Páginas
Authors: Torres Soler Julio
Published: July 2020

Reseña: Cifuentes Honrubia, J. L. (2018). Construcciones con clítico femenino lexicalizado. Madrid: Verbum. 422 Páginas
Characterization and identification of charcoal of inedible Kerandang fish (Channa pleurophthalmus Blkr) body parts and potential antiallergenic properties
Authors: Aryani Aryani , Suprayitno Eddy , Sasmito Bambang Budi , Hardoko Hardoko
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: The study about the antiallergenic properties of inedible fish body parts is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the charcoal from the body parts of Kerandang fish (Channa pleurophthalmus Blkr) and identify its antiallergenic properties. Materials and Methods: This study used some non-edible body parts extracted from the Kerandang fish (i.e., the scalp, scales, and dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fins) using a maceration method with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform). The identification of active compounds in the extract was carried out using liquid chromatography– high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis, while the antihyaluronidase activity was determined using the antihyaluronidase test. The highest charcoal antihyaluronidase activity-extract was applied to ovalbumin-induced mice for 7 days with various doses (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg). The specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 8. Results: Our LC-HRMS analysis showed that the active compound of charcoal in the caudal fins of Kerandang fish was hexadecanamide. The highest inhibition (IC50) of hyaluronidase was found in the ethyl acetate extract of fish caudal fins at a concentration of 4 mg/mL. We found that 15 mg/kg body weight of charcoal of fish caudal fins suppressed IgE expression in male mice. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the charcoal of non-edible body parts of Kerandang and one of its constituent, hexadecanamide, may have strong antiallergic effects.
Tanulók, szülők és tanárok perspektívái az iskolai zenei nevelés céljáról és feladatáról
Authors: Pintér Tünde Kornélia , Csíkos Csaba
Published: July 2020

Az elmúlt néhány évtizedben számos negatív visszajelzés számolt be zeneoktatásunk hanyatló állapotáról, amelyek az ének-zene tantárgy alacsony presztízsére és a zenei élmények hiányára hívták fel a figyelmet.Az előzetes kutatások kimutatták, hogy az ének-zene az egyik legkevésbé kedvelt iskolai tantárgy a tanulók körében (Csíkos, 2012; Dohány, 2013; Pintér, 2020a). Jelen kutatás célja, hogy megvizsgálja, hogyan ítélik meg a tanulók, szülők és énektanárok az iskolai zeneoktatás célját és szerepét. A vizsgálat első részében kérdőíves módszer segítségével vizsgáltuk meg a zene- (N = 506) és nem zenetagozatos tanulók (N = 536) ésszüleik hangszerjátékát, az otthoni zenei környezet jellegzetességeit, valamint az iskolai zeneoktatás céljáról alkotott nézeteit. A vizsgálat második részében ének-zenét tanító tanárokkal (N = 15) készítettünk interjút az iskolai zeneoktatás céljáról alkotott nézeteikről. Az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy a zenetagozatos tanulók és szüleik családjában magasabb arányban fordultak elő közös zenei tevékenységek, zenei hangszerek, mint a nem zenetagozatos tanulók otthonában. Továbbá a zenetagozatos tanulók és szüleik az ének-zene órákat több aktív zenei tevékenységhez és élményhez társítottak, míg a nem zenetagozatos diákok és szüleik elsősorban a lexikális tudás elsajátítását várták el az énekórák folyamán. Ugyanakkor némely nem zenetagozatos tanuló nemtetszését fejezte ki az ének-zene tanulása kapcsán. A megkérdezett tanárok többsége a zenei élmények és a zenei alapismeretek kialakítását egyaránt fontosnak ítélte, azonban hozzátették, hogy az ének-zene tantárgy alacsony óraszáma alapvetően megnehezíti a kitűzött célok iskolai gyakorlatban történő megvalósítását.
SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN HAIRY ROOTS OF ASTRAGALUS PENDULIFLORUS LAM.
Authors: Ambros Elena Valerievna , Kotsupiy Ol'ga Viktorovna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna , Zheleznichenko Tat'yana Vital'yevna , Novikova Tat'yana Ivanovna
Published: August 2020

Agrobacterium rhizogenes – mediated genetic transformation of medicinal plant A. penduliflorus Lam. using A4-RT, R-1601, 15834 SWISS strains was performed. The competences for transformation of three types of explants: hypocotyls, cotyledons, and primary shoots were tested. The virulent strain (15834 SWISS) and types of explants for transformation (primary shoots and cotyledons) with high growth index (I) were determined. The frequency of transformation of cotyledons by strain 15834 SWISS after 4 weeks of cultivation was 15.4% (I = 59.6), hypocotyls – 9.1% (I = 7.3) and primary shoots – 37.5% (I = 21.0). After 8 weeks of cultivation I increased 4.5 times for primary shoots (I = 94.5 ± 0.20) and cotyledons (I = 265.8 ± 0.35), for cultures from hypocotyls – 5.97 times (I = 43.6 ± 0.30). The roots’ transgenic status and the absence of agrobacterium contamination were confirmed by PCR analysis using rolB-, virC-specific primers. The lines of hairy roots characterized by active increases of biomass with high content of biologically active metabolites were selected, moreover, the content of metabolites in hairy root cultures exceeded their content in the roots of introduced plants. The maximum accumulation of compounds was found in hairy roots obtained from primary shoots (pectins – up 7.8%, protopectins – up 15.3%) and cotyledons (tannins – up 16.1%, triterpenic saponins – up 30.5%) after 8 weeks of cultivation. High perfor-mance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that hydrolysates of extracts of hairy roots from primary shoots contained 2 flavonol aglycones – quercetin and isorhamnetin whereas ethanol extracts were characterized by presence of quercetin and 4 flavonoid components. In hairy roots from cotyledons the maximum of phenolic compounds (PСs) content did not differ significantly at 8 and 12 weeks of cultivation (1.38 ± 0.01 and 1.49 ± 0.06% of dry weight, respectively). The content of PCs in hairy roots from primary shoots increased two-fold from 4 to 12 weeks of cultivation (up 1.24 ± 0.18%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in A. penduliflorus using A. rhizogenes.
STUDY OF SEPARATE FRACTIONS OF ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS L. HERB FOR THE PRESENCE OF DIFFER-ENT GROUPS OF BAS
Authors: Suina Irina Olegovna , Terninko Inna Ivanovna , Generalova Yuliya Eduardovna , Burtseva Yelena Vladimirovna , Bazanova Yelizaveta Sergeyevna
Published: August 2020

The objective of the work was generation of Aristolochia clematitis L. herb fractions and their further study for the presence of different groups of biologically active substances (including aristolochic acids), which was achieved by addressing the following tasks: obtaining fractions from A. clematitis L. herb, preliminary TLC test, HPLC fraction analysis. Fractionation scheme for A. clematitis L. herb extracts was proposed. 4 fractions with different distribution of biologically active substances (chloroform, butanol, ethylacetate and water) were obtained. Using the TLC method and HPLC analysis the aristolochic acids were detected in the chloroform fraction only, suggesting that chloroform is a selective extractant for aristolochic acids. Presence of hydroxycinnamic acids in fractions was defined by HPLC method. Trace quantities of cinnamic acid were found in all fractions, with the highest content noted in the chloroform fraction. Caffeic acid is seen in all fractions, the highest content of butanol is typical of butanol fraction. Chlorogenic acid is present in almost all fractions, its basic amount accounted for 96% ethanol sub-fraction of ethyl-acetate fraction and 20% ethanol sub-fraction of butanol fraction. Some nitrogen-containing substances were identified in ethyl-acetate fraction, presumably of alkaloid type, but not the aristolochic acids, which makes possible further study of ethyl-acetate extracts.
O crime de não saber ler
Authors: Almeida Railson Gomes
Published: July 2020

O estudo se propõe a vislumbrar o espetáculo Ledores do Breu da Cia do Tijolo – SP, procurando observar as interfaces entre esse teatro e alguns conceitos do educador Paulo Freire. Primeiro daremos enfoque a peça que teve sua estreia no ano de 2015; depois, selecionaremos alguns entendimentos do pensamento de Paulo Freire sobre educação: seu conceito de dialogicidade, considerando o diálogo horizontal como abordagem educativa; a ideia de provocar o pensamento crítico no aluno, entendendo que educar também é um ato político; a prática da educação como ato de liberdade que rebate com o pensamento de uma educação bancária; e o ideal de alfabetização, considerando que “a leitura do mundo precede a leitura da palavra”. Por fim, observamos os conceitos freireanos em sua relação com a encenação, na qual é nítida a assimilação dessas ideias no corpo espetacular. Concluímos assim que a Cia do Tijolo se vale do pensamento freireano, objetivando uma melhor aproximação com os espectadores procurando causar neles a reflexão por meio desse manifesto teatralizado.
Made in transit
Authors: Massena Pedro
Published: July 2020

Narratives of place and displacement, and their relationship with the identity making process, occupy nowadays a central position towards the definition of contemporary art. The aim of this article is to analyse the current relationship between economical, social and political conflicts and representational systems in the realm of contemporary art. The work of Adrian Paci, his creative thought and process, question among other issues, the realm of transitional belonging as we can see in projects such as The Column (2013) or Centro di Permanenza Temporanea (2007). These reflections generate a new poetical and sensitive matrix on the debate about conflict in a global era and the edifice of identity. Security has become the sacrament of our time, blessed by the omnipresence of borders that transformed our own skin on a partitioning device, generating latitudes that have become silent, blocking prisons.
Deslocamentos na percepção do Outro colonial desde a arte contemporânea
Authors: Ribero Rueda Laura , De Souza Gabriel , Becker Amanda
Published: July 2020

O artigo tematiza o passado colonizado e a percepção do Outro nas fronteiras da fotografia contemporânea. Uma vez que, o nascimento da fotografia foi simultâneo ao estabelecimento da antropologia, formatando estereótipos e imaginários sobre a outredade ao longo do século XIX, e que estão presentes nas representações fotográficas contemporâneas. Assim, questiona-se quais imaginários e estereótipos criados desde o colonialismo são colocados em evidência na arte contemporânea, através do analises da produção artística de Julie Moos e Santiago Sierra, que por meio de suas obras fazem novas leituras e deslocamentos dos paradigmas coloniais em relação à outredade. Projetos artísticos contemporâneos que transgredem os antigos modelos fotográficos herdados do colonialismo.
Curso Híbrido de Violão
Authors: Beltrame Juciane Araldi , Rosa Garcia Marcos
Published: July 2020

Este texto apresenta uma pesquisa realizada coletivamente, envolvendo bolsistas de iniciação científica, estudantes da graduação e pós-graduação e professores orientadores. O estudo teve como objetivo compreender como se constitui o ensino híbrido na estruturação e desenvolvimento de um curso de extensão de instrumento a partir da perspectiva dos professores e alunos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso cujo campo empírico é o curso híbrido de iniciação ao violão ofertado para a comunidade externa à universidade. Como resultado, percebemos o aprendizado de todos os lados: alunos da graduação aprendem a fazer pesquisa, alunos do mestrado vão a campo e conhecem nova bibliografia, alunos da extensão aprendem violão e outros aprendem com a análise e divulgação dos dados. Por fim, o curso híbrido se mostrou eficaz, cumprindo seus objetivos, e pode ser uma alternativa à cursos de música futuros e conectados Internet.