bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Post Conflict Interventions Measures on the Reconstruction of Public Primary Teacher Training Colleges in South Sudan
Authors: Nyiel Peter Ador Riak , Gakunga Daniel Komo , Imonje Rosemary Khitieyi
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the influence of humanitarian assistance post conflict interventions measures on reconstruction of public teacher training colleges in South Sudan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design and a total of 1953 respondents including the principals, tutors and teacher students from 3 registered and operational teacher training colleges in South Sudan. Stratefied random sampling technique was used to select 321 respondents as the sample size. Pilot study was conducted to asses validity and reliability of the instruments of the study. The study collected primary data using questionnaires and interview guides. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Besides descriptive statistics, the study used inferential statistics including correlation and regression analysis. The results were presented using Tables and Figures. The study established that humanitarian assistance post conflict interventions measures (p<0.05) were all significant. Therefore, the study rejected the formulated hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypotheses since their p-values were all less than 0.05 as 5 per cent was considered as the level of significance in the study. Based on regression beta coeffecients and the p-values of the individual variables, the study concluded that humanitarian assistance post conflict interventions measures had positive and significant influence on reconstruction of public teacher training colleges. The study recommended that efforts or reconstructing teachers training college cannot bear fruits unless stakeholders including the humanitarian organizations have been actively involved.
Preliminary investigation of potent thiols in Cypriot wines made from indigenous grape varieties Xynisteri, Maratheftiko and Giannoudhi
Authors: Copper Alexander Willem , Collins Cassandra , Bastian Susan E. P. , Johnson Trent E. , Capone Dimitra L.
Published: March 2021

Polyfunctional thiols have previously been shown to be key aroma compounds in Sauvignon blanc and more recently in Chardonnay wines. Their role in other wine varieties such as those made from three popular indigenous Cypriot grape varieties has remained unexplored. As an extension of a previous project that profiled the sensory and chemical characteristics of Cypriot wines and their comparison to Australian wines, this study aimed to investigate five potent thiols in Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Giannoudhi, Pinot gris, Chardonnay and Shiraz wines.
Wines were analysed utilising Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA) with derivatisation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The varietal thiols measured were 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4MSP) that has an aroma of “boxwood” and “cat urine” at high concentration, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SH) which has been described as having a “grapefruit/tropical fruit” aroma, and 3-sulfanylhexyl acetate (3SHA) that has also been described as having an aroma of “passionfruit”. Additionally, two other potent thiols were measured including benzyl mercaptan (BM) that has an aroma of “smoke and meat” and furfuryl thiol (FFT) that has been described as having a “roasted coffee” like aroma. The reason these thiols are known as potent thiols are due to their very low aroma detection thresholds in the low ng/L (ppt) range. Of the thiols that were measured, 3SH was the only varietal thiol detected in the red wine samples. All of the white wine samples contained 3SH, BM and 3SHA, whereas 4MSP was only detected in Pinot gris and three Xynisteri wines. The potent thiol, FFT, was detected only in the Chardonnay and four of the Xynisteri wines. Interestingly the thiols that were present in the samples were found at concentrations above their aroma detection thresholds (determined in hydroalcoholic solutions), especially 3SH which was found in an order of magnitude above its aroma detection threshold. These findings provide early knowledge of the presence of these thiols in Cypriot wines, compared with Australian wines and establish any relationships between this chemical data with previous wine sensory profile data.
OCUPAÇÃO ESPACIAL MIGRAÇÃO E MOBILIDADE URBANA: A CONSTRUÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE IMPERATRIZ-MA
Authors: Alencar Lima Jorcelyo , De Andrade Borges Alencar Elisangela
Published: March 2021

Partindo de uma abordagem sobre ocupação e aglomeração espacial em escala nacional, este artigo orienta-se pelas migrações internas objetivando discutir questões de mobilidade urbana, utilizando como exemplo a construção econômica do município de Imperatriz originada por fluxos migratórios a partir da segunda metade do século XX. No estudo dessa construção o método materialismo-histórico auxilia na busca para se constituir os elementos necessários à compreensão do fenômeno migratório, enquanto processo histórico-social, constituinte da própria dinâmica da construção econômica desse município.
DEGRADACIÓN AMBIENTAL ANTRÓPICA DE LAS BARRANCAS EL CONDE Y MALINALLI DE LA CIUDAD DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO
Authors: Gutiérrez Pacheco Victor , Silva Gómez Sonia Emilia
Published: March 2021

Un porcentaje de los desechos generados en la ciudad de Puebla se elimina sin control en el sistema de barrancas de la urbe. Por esta causa y debido a la presencia de asentamientos humanos irregulares, dichas barrancas sufren procesos de degradación que ponen en riesgo su continuidad y con ello los servicios ecosistémicos que proporcionan a la ciudad. Tal situación se exhibe en el estado en que se encuentran las barrancas El Conde y Malinalli, el cual ejemplifica lo que ocurre en el sistema urbano de barrancas. La evaluación se hizo a través de los índices de Margalef y de Pielou, así como de un conjunto de nueve indicadores que miden diversos componentes de las barrancas. Los resultados indican que el grado de diversidad de especies en ambas barrancas es medio a alto. La barranca El Conde presenta un estado ecosistémico pobre, que es el segundo nivel más bajo en una escala de cinco niveles de calidad y tiene que ver con el impacto generado por la acción antrópica, mientras que la barranca Malinalli exhibe un nivel de calidad excelente. La diversidad de especies, en tanto indicador de alta calidad ecológica y criterio para la preservación de los ecosistemas, sustenta la propuesta de recuperar y conservar ambas barrancas, acción urgente para el caso de la barranca El Conde por el impacto antrópico que exhibe.
HEALTH RISK DUE TO HEAVY METAL(LOID)S EXPOSURE THROUGH FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AND SEDIMENTED DUST IN PEOPLE LIVING NEXT TO A BEACH CONTAMINATED BY MINE TAILINGS
Authors: Cáceres Dante D. , Flores-Jimenez Paulina , Hernández Kelly , Peres Frederico , Maldonado Ana K. , Klarián José Klarián , Cáceres Dante A.
Published: March 2021

The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) and the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) due to exposure to metal(loid)s were assessed in children and adults living adjacent to a beach contaminated with mine tailings. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) were determined in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and sedimented dust (SD) in school and residential microenvironments. The HI in children was 13.8, 8.1, 5.4, 2.4, 2.3 and 1.8-times greater than the safety threshold (1.0) for Cr, As, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Cd, respectively; 84.1 % explained by dermal contact and 10.9 % by ingestion of SD. The CRI for Cr and As was 3.7 and 3.2 times above the acceptable risk (> 1 × 10–4), explained by the inhalation of PM2.5 and SD, respectively. In adults, the CRI for As and Cr was 46.0 and 2.8 times greater than 1 × 10–4; As risk is explained by dermal contact and inhalation of SD, and Cr by inhalation of PM2.5. This study reports a high risk of potential adverse health effects on children and adults due to exposure to these elements present in the particles and dust studied.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON AIR QUALITY IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS OF EXTREMADURA, SOUTHWEST SPAIN: A CASE STUDY IN USUALLY LOW POLLUTED AREAS
Authors: Cerrato-Álvarez Maria , Miró-Rodríguez Conrado , Pinilla-Gil Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Lockdown measures were established in Spain from 14th March 2020, to flatten the pandemic curve of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The increasingly stringent implementation of these measures has made it possible to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on the most relevant air pollutants present in ambient air. Whereas most published reports focus on highly polluted urban areas, the present work aims to quantify variations in the levels of NO2, O3 and BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene) due to the COVID-19 lockdown in usually low polluted urban and suburban areas within Extremadura (Spain). Compared to the reference period from 2010 to 2019, significant reductions in NO2 levels occurred in the suburban stations of Badajoz, Cáceres, Mérida, Plasencia and Zafra (–50.4 %, –71.6 %, –55.2 %, –64.6 % and –51.8 %, respectively), likely due to the limitation of road traffic as the primary source of nitrogen oxides (NOx). These percentages of reduction are similar to data reported in high polluted areas. Similarly, O3 levels have decreased slightly by –9.9 % in Badajoz, –9.5 % in Mérida and –18.2 % in the Monfragüe National Park. The reduction in O3 levels may be due to a decrease in NOx limiting atmospheric conditions and the influence of weather conditions (high cloudiness and rainy days) during the lockdown period. No defined trend was observed for VOCs (BTX), probably due to the very low levels of these contaminants, close to the detection limit both during the lockdown and the reference periods.
The Axiom of Choice: The Last Great Controversy in Mathematics
Authors: Hulkewicz Josephine
Published: March 2021

This paper explores multiple perspectives and proofs regarding the validity of what is considered to be one of the – if not THE - most controversial proofs in the field of mathematics, historical and contemporary applications alike. We consider the various explanations and equivalents of the axiom along with the more widely receptive alternatives. Furthermore, we review the resistance the axiom has encountered in various fields and its potential use in the research and expansion of said fields.
Localization System for Indoor Mobile Robot Using Large Square-Shaped Reflective Marker
Authors: Seki Hiroaki , Kawai Ken , Hikizu Masatoshi ,   Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan,   Faculty of Production Systems Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
Published: March 2021

A localization system using reflective markers and a fisheye camera with blinking infrared lights is useful and safe for mobile robot navigation in an environment with coexisting humans and robots; however, it has the problems of low robustness and a small measurable range for marker detection. A large, square-shaped reflective marker, with solid and dotted edges, is proposed for more reliable localization of indoor mobile robots. It can be easily detected using Hough transform and is robust for occlusion. The coordinates of the four corners of the square-shaped marker determine the robot’s localization. Infrared lighting with a new LED arrangement is designed for a wide measurable range via brightness simulation, including the effect of observation and reflection angles. A prototype system was developed, enabling the 2D position and orientation to be detected with an accuracy of 60 mm and 3◦, respectively, within a 4 m2 area.
Phylogenetic Study of Madura Cattle Based on Mitochondrial Cyt b and D-loop Sequences
Authors: Firdhausi Nirmala Fitria , Farajallah Achmad , Perwitasari Dyah
Published: March 2021

Madura Cattle is one breed of local cattle from Indonesia. Madura cattle are estimated to originate from a crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos javanicus. Another presumption is that Madura cattle are the result of a crossbreeding between B. indicus males and mixed B. javanicus or Bos taurus. Tracing the history of Madura cross and another cattle phylogenetic based on maternal lineage can be done by analyzing the variation of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The purpose of this study was to determine the clarity of the origin of Madura cattle based on maternal lineage using mtDNA markers Cyt b and D-loop. This research is expected to provide genetic information and the origin of Madura cattle, so that it can be used to help improve the breeding and conservation program for Madura cattle. The results of the phylogeny tree reconstruction, using the Cyt b and D-loop genes showed that Madura cattle originated from Sampang region (Polagan, Golbung, and Komis) were grouped into two types of maternal origin. Madura cattle clade I are grouped with B. indicus and B. taurus, while Madura cattle clade II are grouped with B. javanicus. A crossbreeding between B. javanicus and B. indicus is estimated to have been carried out since the entry of Hindu culture brought by the India peoples to Indonesia around 1800 years ago. The crossing between B. javanicus and B. indicus was then more intensively carried out at the time of the government's promoting the development of Ongol cattles (B. indicus) in the days of the Dutch East Indies. The length segment of Cyt b that can be amplified is 230 bp and the D-loop segment of varying length, 577 bp for the Madura 41 and 29 samples, and 624 bp for sample 32.
Feed Evaluation Based on in Vitro Gas Production of Tropical Forages with Addition of Different Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Level
Authors: Putri Widya Kenshiana , Noviandi Cuk Tri , Adiwimarta Kustantinah
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and gas production based on fermentation in the rumen of nine types of forage tropical feed commonly used in Indonesia. The forages used in this study were: mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.), tayuman leaves (Bauhinia purpurea), bamboo leaves (Bambusa arundinaceae), canary leaves (Canarium indicum L.), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catapa L.), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala), tehtehan leaves (Duranta repens), and turi leaves (Sesbania grandiflora). Measurements of in vitro gas production were carried out at 10 observation points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 hour). Tannin activity was measured for each sample at observation points using measurements of gas production divided into three groups with modified levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG), ie samples without PEG (P1); sample + PEG in the amount of 200 mgDM (P2); and PEG + samples of tannins contained in each forage based on literature studies (P3). Data were analyzed for a variance by following the factorial completely randomized design (CRD) pattern. Statistical analyzes were performed on all data by following the general linear procedure in PROC GLM from SAS. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results of gas production calculations showed that crude protein (CP) from each forage ranges from 5.75 - 22.37% where the highest CP was owned by turi leaves (S. grandiflora). The content of crude fiber (CF) ranged from 5.30 - 20.93%. The most optimal measurement of gas production was in the sample given PEG in the amount of 200mg/kg with a significant difference (P<0.05). The higher of the tannin content contained in the forage, the lower of gas produced. Measurement of tannin content showed that condensed tannin content varied from turi leaves by 0.20% to the highest in mahogany leaves by 8.60%. The addition of 200 mg/100mgDM of PEG optimizes the rate of forage gas production, especially for grass plants (gramineae).
A Signal-seeking Phase Iia Trial of Palbociclib in Advanced Cancers With Cell Cycle Pathway Alterations – A Substudy of the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics (Most) Program
Authors: Thavaneswaran Subotheni , Sebastian Lucille , Kansara Maya , Ballinger Mandy , Espinoza David , Lin Frank , Lee Chee , Sjoquist Katrin , Grady John , Cowley Mark , Joshua Anthony , Qiu Min , Oakes Samantha , Simes John , Thomas David
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The D-type cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK) complex phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein, thereby driving cell cycle progression. This process is blocked by inhibitors of CDK4/6. As part of the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics program, this phase IIa trial tested the clinical activity of CDK4/6 inhibitor monotherapy in tumors with cell cycle pathway alterations.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients ≥ 18 years old, with advanced or metastatic solid cancers, along with amplification of CDK4/6, CCND1/2/3, or loss of function alterations in CDKN2A were recruited. The primary objective of this signal-seeking trial was to evaluate the clinical activity of palbociclib – a composite of objective responses and the ratio of time to progression (TTP) on palbociclib, to TTP on treatment preceding trial entry.RESULTS: Ten patients had CDK4/CDK6 or Cyclin D1 amplifications, six patients had CDKN2A deletions. After a median follow-up of 35 months, there were no objective responses. Seven patients had stable disease and one had non-complete response/non-progressive disease (non-CR/non-PD) based on evaluation of a non-target lesion. Two of these seven patients maintained stable disease for at least 6 months, as did the patient with non-CR/non-PD. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 11.0 months respectively. No unexpected toxicities were observed. Translational correlates yielded strategies for targeting cell cycle interactions with other molecular pathways and the immune system.CONCLUSION: Palbociclib monotherapy was not associated with any objective responses, but stable disease lasting at least 6 months was observed in 19% of patients. There was no clear relationship with alteration type or histotype. The signals of immune activation provide insights into the design of future trials, with a combination approach adding checkpoint blockade to CDK4/6 inhibition.
The Landscape of Iron metabolism-related Genes for Overall survival prediction in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Cao Huang , Huang Heqing , Zhan Hongliang , Liu Zhengsheng , Lu Kaihong , Zhang Ting , Miao Chaohao , Wu Zhun
Published: March 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most commonly occurring cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite improvements in early detection and treatment, the morbidity and mortality remain high because of complex molecular mechanisms and cellular heterogeneity in HCC. Immunotherapy therapies have been identified to be an effective treatment strategy for HCC. However, novel model is still needed to predict the survival and clinical immunotherapy response in HCC. Here we established a gene signature using iron metabolism-related genes form the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the survival outcomes were validated from International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC). Distinct subtypes (high- and low-risk subtypes) were characterized by different clinical outcomes. The high-risk subtype was featured by better survival outcomes, upregulation of immune checkpoints expression, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTLA-4) expression, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3(TIM-3) expression and T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) expression, upregulated cell cycle relevant pathways and better response for immunotherapy. Thus our finding suggested that the novel model may be useful as a biomarker for prognostic predication, immunotherapy and cell cycle inhibitors may be efficacious for high-risk subtype of HCC patients.
Effects of Reducing PbO Content on the Elastic and Radiation Attenuation Properties of Germanate Glasses: A New Non-toxic Candidate for Shielding Applications
Authors: Buriahi M.S. Al- , Olarinoye I.O. , Mutuwong C. , Elsaeedy H. I. , Tonguç Barış Tamer
Published: March 2021

This work presents a detailed study on the effects of reducing PbO content on the elastic and radiation shielding properties of germanate glasses described by the chemical formula 50GeO2-(50-x)PbO-xZnO, where x between 0 and 50 mol % with step of 10. A theoretical analysis based on Makishima-Mackenzie's theory (MM-theory) was employed to obtain the elastic moduli of the studied glass specimens. Moreover, the Monte Carlo simulations were applied via Geant4 platform to assess the radiation shielding ability of the GeO2-PbO-ZnO glass system by evaluating several fundamental properties such as gamma and neutron transmission factors, total cross sections, effective atomic numbers, 1/e penetration depths, and exposure buildup factors. We found that the bulk elastic modulus increased from 50.751 GPa to 85.389 GPa as the PbO content increased from 50 mol % to 0. The results of the linear attenuation coefficient show that the cross sections of (σ)PE, (σ)CE, and (σ)pp dominates the photon attenuation at 0.15 ≤ E ≤ 0.08; 0.8 < E < 8, and 8 < E < 15 MeV respectively. Moreover, the present glasses have superior photon absorbing capacity compared to ordinary and barite concrete; RS-253-G18 and RS-360 commercial glass shields. This suggests that the GeO2-PbO-ZnO glass system can be used as a non-toxic shielding material in the nuclear facilities.
The Komagataeibacter europaeus GqqA is the prototype of a novel bifunctional N-Acyl-homoserine lactone acylase with prephenate dehydratase activity
Authors: Werner Nadine , Petersen Katrin , Vollstedt Christel , Garcia Pablo Perez , Chow Jennifer , Ferrer Manuel , Fernandes-Lopez Laura , Falke Sven , Perbandt Markus , Hinrichs Winfried , Betzel Christian , Streit Wolfgang R.
Published: March 2021

Previously, we reported the isolation of a quorum quenching protein (QQ), designated GqqA, from Komagataeibacter europaeus CECT 8546 that is highly homologous to prephenate dehydratases (PDT) 1. GqqA strongly interfered with N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing signals from Gram-negative bacteria and affected biofilm formation in its native host strain Komagataeibacter europaeus. Here we present and discuss data identifying GqqA as a novel acylase. ESI-MS-MS data showed unambiguously that GqqA hydrolyzes the amide bond of the acyl side-chain of AHL molecules, but not the lactone ring. Consistent with this observation the protein sequence does not carry a conserved Zn2+ binding motif, known to be essential for metal-dependent lactonases, but in fact harboring the typical periplasmatic binding protein domain (PBP domain), acting as catalytic domain. We report structural details for the native structure at 2.5 Å resolution and for a truncated GqqA structure at 1.7 Å. The structures obtained highlight that GqqA acts as a dimer and complementary docking studies indicate that the lactone ring of the substrate binds within a cleft of the PBP domain and interacts with polar residues Y16, S17 and T174. The biochemical and phylogenetic analyses imply that GqqA represents the first member of a novel type of QQ family enzymes.
Errors linked to medication management in nursing homes: An interview study
Authors: Bengtsson Mariette , Ekedahl Ann-Britt Ivarsson , Sjöström Karin
Published: March 2021

Background: The number of errors in medication management in nursing homes is increasing, which may lead to potentially life-threatening harm. Few studies on this subject are found in the municipal nursing home setting, and causes need to be identified. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of errors connected to medication management in nursing homes by exploring the perspective of first-line registered nurses, registered nurses, and non-licensed staff involved in the care of older persons. Methods: A qualitative research approach was applied based on semi-structured interviews with 21 participants at their workplaces: Seven in each of the occupational categories of first-line registered nurses, registered nurses and non-licensed staff. Subcategories were derived from transcribed interviews by content analysis and categorized according to the Man, Technology, and Organization concept of error causation, which is as a framework to identifiy errors.Results: Mistakes in medication management were commonly perceived as a result of human shortcomings and deficiencies in working conditions such as the lack of safe tools to facilitate and secure medication management. The delegation of drug administration to non-licensed staff, the abandonment of routines, carelessness, a lack of knowledge, inadequate verbal communication between colleagues, and a lack of understanding of the difficulties involved in handling the drugs were all considered as risk areas for errors. Organizational hazards were related to the ability to control the delegation, the standard of education, and safety awareness among staff members. Safety issues relating to technology involved devices for handling prescription cards and when staff were not included in the development process of new technological aids. A lack of staff and the lack of time to act safely in the care of the elderly were also perceived as safety hazards, particularly with the non-licensed staff working in nursing homes.Conclusions: The staff working in nursing homes perceive that the risks due to medication management are mainly caused by human limitations or technical deficiencies. Organizational factors, such as working conditions, can often facilitate the occurrence of malpractice. To minimize mistakes, care managers need to have a systemwide perspective on safety issues, where organizational issues are essential.
Single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa: a potential tool for karyotyping
Authors: Vacarizas Joshua , Taguchi Takahiro , Mezaki Takuma , Okumura Masatoshi , Kawakami Rei , Ito Masumi , Kubota Satoshi
Published: March 2021

The short and similar sized chromosomes of Acropora pose a challenge for karyotyping. Conventional methods, such as staining of heterochromatic regions, provide unclear banding patterns that hamper identification of such chromosomes. In this study, we used short single-sequence probes for tandemly repetitive 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and core histone genes to identify specific chromosomes of Acropora pruinosa. Both the probes produced intense signals in fluorescence in situ hybridization, which distinguished chromosome pairs. The locus of the core histone gene was on chromosome 8, whereas that of 5S rRNA gene was on chromosome 5. The sequence of the 5S rRNA probe was composed largely of U1 and U2 spliceosomal small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes and their interspacers, flanked by short sequences of the 5S rRNA gene. This is the first report of a tandemly repetitive linkage of snRNA and 5S rRNA genes in Cnidaria. Based on the constructed tentative karyogram and whole genome hybridization, the longest chromosome pair (chromosome 1) was heteromorphic. The probes also hybridized effectively with chromosomes of other Acropora species and population, revealing an additional core histone gene locus. We demonstrated the applicability of short-sequence probes as chromosomal markers with potential for use across populations and species of Acropora.
Genetic basis of some physiological traits and their association with yield in pre-breeding germplasm of bread wheat (Triticum aestivm L.)
Authors: Arif Mian Abdur Rehman , Imran Muhammad , Waheed Muhammad Qandeel , Arif Anjuman , Singh Sukhwinder , Shokat Sajid
Published: March 2021

The rise in human population necessitates the use of all available tools to enhance wheat productivity. In this regard, pre-breeding has mobilized novel under-utilized genetic variation into breeding programs. However, this germplasm needs to be characterized for its efficient utlization. This investigation was initiated to evaluate the early and late sown wheat pre-breeding germplasm for physiology and yield related traits and to associate the mapped SNPs using association mapping approach. Our results indicate that the germplasm performed better in early sowing in comparison to late planting where grain yield (Yd) was found positively correlated with water use efficiency (WUE), heading time and chlorophyll contents (Chl). We discovered a total of 210 associations involving 155 SNPs. Taking into consideration either early or late sowing and the mean values only 12 markers traits were involved with germination, plant height, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Chl, carotenoids and Yd. Our correlations and mapping results indicate that higher WUE along-with Chl can be targeted as indirect physiological markers to enhance wheat yield.
Influence of hydrological factors on bacterial community structure in a tropical monsoonal estuary in India
Authors: Ammini Parvathi , Catena Michela R , Vijayan Jasna , Phadke Nikhil , Gogate Nikhita
Published: March 2021

In the present study, we analysed variations in bacterial community structure along a salinity gradient in a tropical monsoonal estuary (Cochin estuary, CE), on the southwest coast of India, using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). Water samples were collected from eight different locations thrice a year, to assess the variability in the bacterial community structure and to determine the physico-chemical factors influencing the bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla in the estuary followed by Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Statistical analysis indicated significant variations in bacterial communities between freshwater, mesohaline and euryhaline regions, as well as between the monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) periods. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis demonstrated that the bacterial communities cluster according to different salinity regimes of the estuary. Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a clear spatial and temporal variation in the distribution of bacterial communities in the CE. Abundance of Betaproteobacteria was high in the freshwater regions, while Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobactera were more abundant in mesohaline and euryhaline regions of the estuary. Correlagram based on Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated the impact of different physico-chemical variables on the distribution of dominant phyla, class and genera. Spatial and temporal variations in bacterial community structure could be due to regional variations in environmental conditions imparted by allochthonous inputs, monsoonal rainfall, and tidal influence.
Are Caveolin-1 minor alleles more likely to be risk alleles in IR mechanisms in metabolic diseases?
Authors: Abaj Faezeh , Saeedy Said Abdul Ghafour , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Associations are present between insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic factors. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is involved in glucose/lipid homeostasis and may modulate IR signaling. We investigated the relationship between CAV1 and IR signaling in modulating dyslipidemia and fat composition in overweight and obese women with a prevalent variant in the CAV1 gene.
Results

There were no statistical differences in FPG, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR (p > 0.05) between CAV1 variants. Individuals with AA and AG alleles were slightly older and had higher BMI, FMI, and VLF values; and tended to have lower total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). HOMA-IR levels predicted fat mass index (FMI) 0.47 (0.08,0.87), visceral fat level (VFL) 0.65 (0.23,1.07), TC 6.82 (1.76,11.88) and HDL-C -1.663 (-3.11, -0.214) only between minor allele carriers in unadjusted and adjusted models. (, CI (P < 0.01). Our r
Establishment of dopaminergic neuron purification system in mice for the Parkinson’s disease study
Authors: Sheng Kit-Yeng , Hayakawa Hideki , Baba Kousuke , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Mochizuki Hideki , Nakano Toru , Yamaguchi Shinpei
Published: March 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The key neuropathological hallmarks in the brain of patients with PD are Lewy body (LB) inclusions, consisting of misfolded α-synuclein proteins. Despite extensive efforts, the molecular link between LB inclusions and DA neurodegeneration remains elusive because of the lack of a suitable approach. Here, we aimed to establish a novel dopa-decarboxylase (Ddc) fluorescent reporter mouse model that allows the identification and collection of DA neurons using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Successful enrichment of Ddc-expressing cells was validated by RNA-sequencing analysis. This approach allowed us to analyze the effect of α-synuclein accumulation on the DA neuron’s transcriptome prior to neurodegeneration occurrence. We found that lipid-related process genes, followed by protein modification and degradation-related process genes, were upregulated in the α-synuclein-injected DA neurons. The activation of fatty acid-binding protein 1 (Fabp1) was particularly evident and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, our mouse model system and datasets provide a new method and insights into molecular mechanisms in PD.
Finite-size corrections in critical symmetry-resolved entanglement
Authors: Estienne Benoit , Ikhlef Yacine , Morin-Duchesne Alexi
Published: March 2021

In the presence of a conserved quantity, symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies are a refinement of the usual notion of entanglement entropy of a subsystem. For critical 1d quantum systems, it was recently shown in various contexts that these quantities generally obey entropy equipartition in the scaling limit, i.e. they become independent of the symmetry sector. In this paper, we examine the finite-size corrections to the entropy equipartition phenomenon, and show that the nature of the symmetry group plays a crucial role. In the case of a discrete symmetry group, the corrections decay algebraically with system size, with exponents related to the operators' scaling dimensions. In contrast, in the case of a U(1) symmetry group, the corrections only decay logarithmically with system size, with model-dependent prefactors. We show that the determination of these prefactors boils down to the computation of twisted overlaps.
Brand imitation in the modern simulacrum market versus marketing ethics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Cherenkov Vitaly I. , Starov Sergei A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Gladkikh Igor V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article presents some brand imitation issues considering the specific features of the contemporary postmodern economy where tangible items (products) are factually replaced with their simulacra (brands). The contradiction between the “spirit and letter” of the American Marketing Association Code of Ethics and the opportunities to violate its rules while branding is highlighted. It is shown that brands represented as simulacra open extensive opportunities for imitating brand leaders. A semantic ramification of terms “brand leader” and “brand imitator” in Anglophone Internet environments is represented. A typology of brand leader imitation methods with relevant examples and comments is given. The concept of “consumer confusion” is clarified and the factors determining the impact of imitated brand leaders on consumer behavior are systemized and analytically described. The legal aspects of a brand imitation strategy (proactive and reactive options) are briefly discussed. The article is supplied with relevant tables and pics.
Internationalization of state-owned enterprises from emerging markets: Overview of theoretical approaches
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Klishevich Daria S. , Panibratov Andrey Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article presents the analysis of the theoretical and empirical research on the phenomenon of the internationalization of state-owned enterprises from emerging market countries. Contemporary internationalized state-owned enterprises are far from the uncompetitive and ineffective firms of the 20th century that mostly operated domestically and give examples of truly exciting international strategies. However the question stays open, namely how exactly state ownership shapes their international strategies. The existing studies are vast and lack systematization, and the purpose of this article is to analyze the most widely used theoretical approaches that investigate internationalization of emerging markets of stateowned enterprises. The most popular theoretical approach to study the internationalization of emerging markets of state-owned enterprises is the institutional perspective that studies how the interplay of state ownership of companies and institutional environment shapes their international strategies. Nevertheless, the synergy of theoretical approaches is needed in order to extend knowledge on the internationalization of the state-owned enterprises. Examples of such a synergy are presented in this paper. It also offers prospects for future research and further topics to study. Analysis of theoretical approaches that study internationalization of emerging markets of state-owned enterprises helps map the research field and show where it is moving. The paper has value for both academia and practitioners that deal with the global expansion of state-owned enterprises from emerging markets.
Literary museums: new discussions
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture, Balash Aleksandra N.
Published: March 2021

The author of the article reviews the proceedings of a scientific conference held in 2018 by the Association of Literary Museums at the Union of Museums of Russia (with the participation of the V. I. Dahl State Museum of History of Russian literature). The conference proceedings are considered as an important step made by Russian Literary museums toward defining the venues for their further development, as well as an attempt to coordinate intellectual contributions by the employees involved in practical museum work and museum researchers. The author stresses the unanimity of the proceeding’s contributors in their approach to the history of literary museums, to the determination of the specific features of their fund’s collections and the principles of their acquisition. Going beyond traditional museographic descriptions is analyzed in the discussion of methods and forms of a museum’s interpretation of the biography and work of the writer, presentation of the author’s texts by means of museum expositions and in museum educational programs. It is important to raise the question of the role of museums in the dynamics of the modern literary process and artistic culture. The author analyzes the concepts of literary heritage, both its material and intangible parts, which the contributors to the proceedings regard as a resource for further development and exploration of new formats for presentation and intercommunication with the museum audience. It is shown that overcoming the local institutional experience is a necessary stage in the development of literary museums. The Association of Literary museums can play a positive role in such development, in particular, by coordinating research.
Regarding the problem of restitution of African art pieces removed from Benin during the British military expedition of 1897: practice and legal aspects
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chebanenko Sergey B.
Published: March 2021

The question of the fate of the “Benin bronze” is part of a more general problem of the restitution of African art pieces exported from the continent, during the period of European colonial rule. The difference between the history of the looting of the monuments of the Benin Kingdom (the territory of modern Nigeria) by British troops from many other examples of the removal of original African heritage, is in the fact, that in this case there was a robbery committed as a result of a military conflict, both sides of which were politically independent. The political independence of each party, strictly speaking, does not allow for the situation to be considered in the system of relations “metropolis — colony”. Modern owners of Benin monuments, spread across a number of museums and other collections in the world, recognize the injustice of their acquisitions, but they do not always recognize the possibility and necessity of restitution of these artifacts. This is facilitated by the complexity of the history of objects after their exportation from Africa and the absence of, in most cases, legal grounds for their direct return. Recently, the situation has changed significantly, making it possible to transfer a vast portion of art pieces, originating from Benin, on the basis of not so much the letter of the law, but on the desire to restore justice.
Chen Huanzhang and his role in studying the history of Chinese economic thought in the West at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors:   Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borokh Olga
Published: March 2021

The article explores the experience of introducing traditional Chinese economic ideas to Western scholars, using the example of Chen Huanzhang’s book “The Economic Principles of Confucius and his School” (1911). Chen Huanzhang was the first Chinese scholar who acted as an intellectual mediator in disseminating knowledge about Chinese economic thought in the West against the background of predominant efforts at bringing the achievements of Western economics to China. Chen Huanzhang spoke from the standpoint of Confucianism, and a unique combination of classical Chinese and American economic education enabled him to integrate deep knowledge of Chinese tradition with mastering the basics of Western methodology. Using little-known primary sources, the article analyzes the specifics of structure and economic terminology of Chen Huanzhang’s work, with priority attention paid to his interpretation of relations between production and consumption based on ancient Chinese classics. It was demonstrated that Chen Huanzhang strived to produce a modernized interpretation of consumption aimed at regulating human desires that was compatible with demands of economic development and the inheritance of traditional moral standards. Evaluation of the impact of the book on Western academic circles is based on the study of reviews published in the early 1910s (the author of one of them being J. M. Keynes). The final section of the article identifies the reasons for the evident growth of interest in the work of Chen Huanzhang in China, where he was forgotten for a long time.
The collection as a text-forming mechanism: A case study of a playful bachelor song
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Bartmiński Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Based on the example of the Old Polish song “Pannom świat, / A mężatkom niebo, / A wdowusiom raj, raj, raj, / A babkom piekło” (En. lit. ‘For maidens the world / For married women heaven, / And for widows paradise, paradise, paradise / And for crones hell’) and its many variants in Polish song folklore, the author discusses the text-forming mechanism of the basic collection: maiden — married woman — widow — crone, which is the starting point to introduce some coupled, or mirrored collections of the type: heaven — paradise — purgatory — hell. The concepts of collection and complex are applied here as useful analytical tools which allow for identification of culturally stable stereotypical sets, and for labelling them with the use of superordinate lexemes, e.g. VEHICLES: coach-in-four — royal coach — stagecoach — wheelbarrow; DRINKS: wine — beer — weak, home-brewed beer — water, etc. The analysis of a multi-variant song, performed in the present study, leads to the conclusion that Albert Lord’s oral-formulaic theory of atext of folklore needs to be extended by introducing a more general idea of the “textual pattern” active on the level of individual text elements, as well as on the level of an entire text. In the case discussed in the present paper, the factor that integrates the whole message is constituted by a mocking intention assigned to the male (“bachelor’s”) point of view.
Towards a linguistic vision of the world at the paremiological level of language
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kotova Marina Yu. , Raina Olga V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

This article examines the thematic groups of the Russian paremiological minimum of Grigoriy Permyakov, and its reflection in various foreign paremiological corpora, to support the idea of the specifics of a linguistic picture of the world at the paremiological level of language. The authors’ collections of Slavonic proverbs from 2000–2019 are utilized. The work applies the approach of contrastive paremiological studies promulgated by Valeriy Mokienko, in order to demonstrate the systematic characteristics of the paremiological level of expression: polysemantic, currently synonymous (70 groups) and antonymous (30 groups) Russian proverbs. Some proverbs are found in several synonymous and/or antonymous pairs: from our database, the total number of proverbial synonyms is 195 out of 500 proverbs, and of proverbial antonyms 83 out of 500 (as a result, approximately 39% of our Russian paremiological minimum are in a synonymous relationship and approximately 17% of proverbs are in an antonymous relationship). The authors conclude that the synonymous proverbs appear in all 12 groups of our thematic classification of Russian proverbs and the antonymous Russian proverbs appear in 10 thematic chapters out of 12. It is proposed that the thematic subgroups, containing synonyms or/and antonyms, are the dominating segments of the Russian proverbial representation of the world, which highlight the most important sides of the Russian conception of life embodied in proverbs.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAUT DAN PAKU TERHADAP KUAT LENTUR BALOK LAMINASI KAYU MAHANG DAN MERANTI
Authors: Puluhulawa Indriyani , Alamsyah Alamsyah , Rafika Diana , Khoirunisak Khoirunisak
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The addition of bolts and nails as a shear connector on the laminate beam was expected to anticipate the problem on the laminate beam which only uses glue adhesive. The samples were a specimen of material properties and a specimen of the laminated beam, the dimension was 76 x 5 x 5 cm with three types of adhesive variation. The MOR value was obtained by one point load on the middle of the span. The value was the load and deflection, further calculated the value to get MOR and MOE. The MOR result of the addition of nail as the connector on the laminate beam by glue was increased 36.9%. In contrast, the addition of bolt was decreased 49.86% compared to MOR BL LM. The addition of nails and bolts to laminated beams that used glue already showed the effect to decrease the MOE value of the laminate beam.Keywords: Connector bolt and nail, Flexural strength, Laminate beam. ABSTRAK Penambahan baut dan paku sebagai perekat diharapkan dapat mengantisipasi masalah yang umum terjadi pada balok laminasi yang hanya menggunakan perekat lem. Sampel yang dibuat meliputi sampel properties material serta sampel balok laminasi berukuran 76 x 5 x 5 cm sebanyak 3 tipe variasi jenis perekat. Nilai MOR diperoleh dengan pemberian beban satu titik ditengah bentang. Nilai yang diambil adalah beban dan lendutan, yang kemudian dihitung untuk mendapatkan nilai MOR dan MOE. Hasilnya penambahan paku sebagai penghubung/perekat pada balok laminasi yang menggunakan lem, dapat meningkatkan nilai MOR sebesar 36,9%, sedangkan penambahan baut menyebabkan penurunan nilai MOR sebesar 49,86% dibandingkan terhadap nilai MOR BL LM. Penambahan paku dan baut pada balok laminasi yang menggunakan lem juga dapat menurunkan nilai MOE dari balok laminasi itu sendiri. Kata kunci: Perekat baut dan paku, Kuat lentur, Balok laminasi.