bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Açık İşletme Demir Cevherleşmesinin Asit Maden Drenajı Oluşumuna Yönelik Kestirimlerinin Araştırılması (Adana/Saimbeyli)
Authors: DOKUZLAR Ayşe , YAPICI Nil
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma, Adana İli, Saimbeyli İlçesi, Kaburluk Mevkiinde bulunan demir cevherleşmesinin Asit Maden Drenajı (AMD) oluşumuna yönelik kestirimlerin araştırılması hakkında arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarını ve Asit Üretme Potansiyeli (AÜP), Nötürleştirme Potansiyeli (NP) ile ilgili statik testleri içermektedir. Bölgedeki demir cevheri oluşumu Üst Devoniyen şeyl kumtaşı-kireçtaşı ardalanmasının tabanında Orta Devoniyen dolomitik kireçtaşları içerisinde bir kapanda yerleşmiştir. Araziden alınan cevher ve yan kayaç örnekleri üzerinde jeokimyasal ve statik testler kapsamında XRF, XRD, toplam S (toplam kükürt), NP (Nötralizasyon potansiyeli), AÜP (Asit Üretim Potansiyeli), Çamur pH, fışırdama ölçümleri yapılmış, elde edilen verilere göre örneklerin NP, NNP (Net nötralizasyon potansiyeli), AÜP, Nötürleşme potansiyel oranı (NPO= NP/AÜP) değerlendirilmiştir. Cevherleşmenin parajenezini hematit, götit, siderit ve limonit, yan kayaç parajenezini ise dolomit, kalsit ve pirit mineralleri oluşturmaktadır. Yan kayaç örneklerinde % toplam S: 0,21-0,42, NP (∑NP (kg/ton)): 289,07-478,07, AÜP sülfürik asit eşdeğerleri (kg/ton): 13,13- 26,25 tespit edilmiştir. NPO değerleri, 11,01-31,26 aralığında hesaplanmıştır. Cevherde yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre: %toplam S: 0,03-0,09, NP (∑NP (kg/ton)): 8,07-53,16, AÜP sülfürik asit eşdeğerleri (kg/ton):1,56-5,56 tespit edilmiştir. NPO değerleri ise 2,58-16,50 olarak hesaplanmıştır. NPO değerlerine göre yan kayaç ve cevherli örneklerin asit üretme potansiyeli bulunmamaktadır. Ancak, maden sahasının faaliyete geçildiği zamanlarda asit üretme potansiyel ihtimali mevcut olduğundan, kinetik testlerin bölgede maden faaliyeti başladıktan sonra yapılması önerilmektedir.
Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleri İle Burdur Gölü’ndeki Alansal Değişiminin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KAYA Özümcan Alara , KAPLAN Gordana
Published: January 2021

Sürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetiminde kuraklığın izlenmesi, göller gibi su kütleleri için oldukça önemlidir. Su alanlarının haritalanması ve izlenmesi için uzaktan algılama yöntemleri ve teknikleri, son yıllarda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Göller Yöresi bölgesinde, Isparta ile Burdur illeri arasında bulunan Burdur Gölü'nün 2009 ile 2019 yılları arasındaki alansal değişimi, uzaktan algılama teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Landsat-7, Landsat-8 ve Sentinel-2 uydu görüntülerine obje bazlı sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Sınıflandırmada, literatürde de sık kullanılan, normalleştirilmiş su fark indeksi (NDWI) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan görüntüler Eylül ayını kapsamaktadır. Ek olarak mevsimsel değişim analizi için, 2017 ve 2019 yıllarının Nisan ve Mayıs aylarına ait Sentinel-2 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; Burdur gölünün 2009-2019 yılları arasında 17 km2 alan kaybettiğini göstermektedir. Landsat görüntüleri ile 2009-2019 yıllarına ait Eylül ayı verilerinin korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır ve analiz sonucu R2 = 0,94 olarak elde edilmiştir. 2017 ve 2019 yıllarında, bahar ile sonbahar mevsimleri arasında, su alanında gözlenen azalma 2 km2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sınıflandırma doğrulukları %90 - %96 arasında değişmektedir En yüksek sınıflama doğruluğu Sentinel-2 görüntüleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, su alanlarındaki alansal değişimlerin uzaktan algılama verileri ve teknikleriyle yüksek doğrulukta belirlenebileceğinin önemli bir örneğidir.
Produção científica de docentes de uma universidade estadual pública: o caso da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba
Authors: Dantas Millena Nunes , Barbosa José Etham de Lucena , Borges Anna Karolina Martins , Lopes Sérgio de Faria , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho avalia indicadores de produtividade científica do corpo docente da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), entre os anos de 2011-2015. Um total de 911 currículos Lattes foram avaliados quanto ao número de publicações de livros, capítulos de livros, artigos, fomento (bolsistas PQ), título acadêmico, participação em programas de pós-graduação (PPG) e a soma de orientações concluídas a discentes de graduação e pós-graduação. Contabilizou-se um total de 3.816 artigos, 383 livros e 1.257 capítulos de livros. 55,8% dos artigos foram publicados pelos docentes integrantes da pós-graduação. 14 docentes são detentores da bolsa produtividade CNPq. 290 docentes não tiveram nenhuma publicação científica no período analisado. Os pesquisadores das áreas das Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Biológicas apresentaram uma maior produção científica quanto à publicação de artigos em periódicos. As áreas de Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas tiveram a maioria de suas publicações associadas a livros e capítulos de livro em editoras nacionais. O maior número de publicações em revistas indexadas em bases internacionais está associado a docentes vinculados aos Departamentos de Biologia e de Enfermagem. Constata-se que a produção científica está concentrada em uma minoria de docentes, especialmente aqueles ligados a algum programa de pós-graduação, sobretudo os docentes pertencentes às áreas de Ciências Biológicas e Ciências da Saúde.
Classification of social and medical services to the population of the region
Authors: Sakaeva Elvira Zinurovna
Published: January 2021

Taking into account the individual needs of recipients of social and medical services, they are provided with specific medical services in the form of inpatient, semi-stationary and in the form of social services at home. The article examines the classification of social and medical services in all forms of public service.
A Ciência em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Santos Raimundo Nonato Ribeiro dos
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which was established in the world in that year 2020, is one of those breaking points that mark the history of humanity, as well as the discovery of fire, the invention of the press, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, world wars, among other moments. In common, both allowed a leap in the evolution and survival of humanity, transforming its entire social organization and spheres such as Education, Science, the Environment, Politics and Labor relations.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Health-seeking behaviour among Patients with Tuberculosis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Onyango Peggy Achieng , Ter Goon Daniel , Rala Ntombana Mc’ Deline
Published: January 2021

Background:

South Africa is hugely overburdened with the cases of Tuberculosis (TB); individual’s lack of knowledge, attitude towards the disease and delays in health-seeking behaviour, are indirectly associated with death. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and treatment of TB, and further examined the health-seeking behaviour of TB patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 327 conveniently selected participants with TB from three community health centres in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect demographic details, knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behaviour variables. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was considered at alpha <0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%.

Results:

The majority of these TB patients indicated that cold air (76.5%), a dusty environment (85.9%), TB bacteria in the air (88.4%), and smoking (84.7%) had caused the disease. About 87.2% of the respondents indicated that TB treatment duration took six months or longer. Participants thought that follow-up sputum tests are an important part of TB treatment (70.6%); non-adherence to TB treatment might lead to drug-resistant TB or death (80%); TB disease could turn into HIV if not properly treated (77.4%) and that individuals with TB disease have HIV (59.9%). About 56.9% participants felt that TB treatment is difficult, takes a long time, is unpleasant, interferes with work or marriage, and people who drink and smoke are to blame for its spread (60.6%). The majority of the participants (74.0%) disagreed with TB being an African disease and 53.5% did not associate TB with poverty. The majority of the participants (92%) indicated that follow-ups at clinics were avoided because of stigmatisation. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the informal housing scheme was a statistically significant (p<0.05) factor determining the correct knowledge of TB (AOR=0.556; 95% CI: 0.316-0.977). There was a statistically significant association among TB knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behaviour.

Conclusion:

The participants generally had good knowledge about TB; however, there were misconceptions regarding its spread by cold air and dusty environments. The majority of participants did not attend follow-up TB treatment because of fear of stigmatisation. Formal settlements are associated with the correct knowledge of TB. Measures aimed at addressing the misconceptions about TB and its treatment are needed.
Curso de especialização em Gestão Pública Avançada da Fundação Escola de Governo de Santa Catarina frente a modelos de administração pública:
Authors: Da Costa Welliton Saulo , Ronconi Luciana Francisco de Abreu , Menezes Elaine Cristina de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar qual tendência tem prevalecido, em termos dos modelos deadministração pública (AP), na formação de especialistas em gestão pública egressos do cursoGestão Pública Avançada (GPA) da Fundação Escola de Governo de Santa Catarina (ENA). É uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Quanto aosprocedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizados pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documentale survey, por meio de um questionário aplicado a egressos do curso GPA. Os dados coletadosforam analisados considerando as seguintes categorias: práticas de gestão, papel do servidor,responsividade, funções administrativas, política pública, accountability, interesse público e tipos decoprodução. Entre os principais resultados, observa-se a prevalência dos seguintes paradigmas deadministração pública na formação dos egressos do curso GPA: Nova Gestão Pública, nas categoriasde análise práticas de gestão, papel do servidor, responsividade, funções administrativas, políticapública e accountability; Modelo Burocrático, na categoria práticas de gestão; e Modelos ou PropostasEmergentes nas categorias interesse público e tipos de coprodução. O estudo demonstrou que aformação dos egressos do curso GPA tende a se alinhar, com mais intensidade, às práticas associadasà Nova Gestão Pública, com ênfase na formação técnica em detrimento da formação política. Assim,considerando o objetivo da ENA com o curso GPA, fazem-se necessárias inovações nas práticas deensino mais afinadas com os modelos emergentes de administração pública. Este estudo pode serutilizado como subsídio para outras investigações, bem como tais resultados podem servir para oaperfeiçoamento de políticas de formação e capacitação de servidores públicos.
choque das políticas econômicas de incentivo ao consumo com a lei federal n º 12.305/10 e seus reflexos nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Trujillo Fernando Diego , Trujillo Tatiane Sampaio , Rasoto Vanessa Ishikawa
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar se, no período entre 2010 e 2017, os efeitos da políticaeconômica de incentivo ao consumo no Brasil, iniciada em 2007, impactaram na geração total dosresíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). E pretende-se analisar se a Lei Federal nº 12.305/10 obteve êxitono período de políticas econômicas voltadas à expansão do consumo, especificamente em relaçãoà ordem de prioridade dos objetivos propostos na lei para a gestão dos RSU. Por fim, almeja-sedemonstrar os principais reflexos da geração de RSU nos municípios brasileiros. Utilizou-se comometodologia um estudo exploratório, com abordagem de natureza qualitativa, e de procedimentobibliográfico e documental. Apresentou-se como resultado que a política econômica de estímulo aoconsumo adotada pelo Governo Federal brasileiro pode ter contribuído com o aumento na geraçãototal dos RSU no período analisado, de 2010-2017. Essas medidas econômicas representaram umpossível choque com a principal base da Lei Federal nº 12.305/10, que consiste na não geraçãoe redução dos RSU, na medida em que, a partir de 2010, houve um aumento da geração totaldos RSU e não uma diminuição. Como consequência dessa elevação, são impostas aos municípiosexternalidades negativas que podem provocar impactos de ordem social, ambiental, financeira, desaúde e territorial.
landscape for vaccine candidates of COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Maciel Vladimir , Ruiz de Gamboa Ulisses
Published: January 2021

The insurgency of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) has attracted the attention of the public, authorities and academics. To date, no chemical treatment has proven efficient in clinical tests to combat the virus. The hope for the resumption of socioeconomic activities is found in the discovery of vaccines that can immunize people on a large scale. According to the World Health Organization, there are 29 vaccine candidates in the clinical evaluation phase and 138 candidates in the pre-clinical evaluation phase. In the race to discover a vaccine there are initiatives from several laboratories and research centers. However, some countries stand out - there is a concentration of initiatives. This leads us to question whether this ability to promote research, development and seek innovation in the health field is not only associated with the size of economies, but also with the quality of the business environment. Thus, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between innovation and economic freedom, using econometric methodology (e.g. Panel Data Analysis) combined with non-parametric methodology (e.g., Data Envelopment Analysis). Our results allow us to infer how additional economic freedom can increase innovation for different levels of economic freedom within the countries. By doing so, we can explore why there is concentrated vaccine initiatives in few countries and a better understanding of the landscape for vaccine candidates of COVID-19.
Public-Private Partnership Evaluation Models: Perspectives from the Public Governance to Defend the Public Interest
Authors: Matos Nyalle Barboza , Gonçalves Andréa de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

The widespread use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has resulted in the identification of a number of issues related to lack of governance and inefficient assessments of the quality of service provided.  In this context, the objective of this research is to identify the characteristics and conditions used to implement governance mechanisms that ensure the public interest in existing PPP contracts.  Based on previous governance research, this study integratively categorized nine governance mechanisms based on the three principles established by the OECD (2012): Clear and Legitimate Institutional Framework; Rationale for proper VfM assessment and Transparent and Healthy Budget Process. The contribution of this research is to systematize the relevant literature on the subject, clarifying the complexity of these issues and offering new theoretical insights to identify the characteristics and conditions used as Value for Money governance and valuation mechanisms, capable of making a difference in the success and evaluation of PPPs in the public interest aspect.
Caminhos da Governança
Authors: Lino de Brito Rodrigo , Gonçalves Coimbra Flexa Raquel
Published: January 2021

A última edição especial da Revista do Serviço Público de 2020 explora os caminhos daimplementação de princípios, mecanismos, ritos e práticas da governança pública – temaatual e necessário, mas de recente maturação no âmbito governamental.
COVID-19–Related Knowledge and Practices Among Health Care Workers in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shaikhain Talal Ahmad , Al-Husayni Faisal Abdulmohsen , Alhejaili Essam Awadh , Al-Harbi Maha Nawaf , Bogari Anas Abdullah , Baghlaf Bayan Abdulaziz , Alzahrani Mohammed Saeed
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Health care workers are at the front line against COVID-19. The risk of transmission decreases with adequate knowledge of infection prevention methods. However, health care workers reportedly lack a proper attitude and knowledge of different viral outbreaks.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care workers in Saudi Arabia toward COVID-19. Assessment of these parameters may help researchers focus on areas that require improvement.

METHODS

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 563 participants recruited from multiple cities in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was shared via social media applications, which contained questions to health care workers about general information regarding COVID-19 and standard practices.

RESULTS

The mean age of the study population was 30.7 (SD 8) years. Approximately 8.3% (47/563) of the health care workers were isolated as suspected cases of COVID-19, and 0.9% (n=5) were found positive. The majority agreed that social distancing, face masks, and hand washing are effective methods for preventing disease transmission. However, only 63.7% (n=359) knew the correct duration of hand washing. Almost 70% (n=394) strictly adhered to hand hygiene practices, but less than half complied with the practice of wearing a face mask. Significant differences in health care workers' attitudes were observed on the basis of their city of residence, their adherence to COVID-19 practices, and their compliance with the use of a face mask. Among the health care workers, 27.2% (n=153) declared that they will isolate themselves at home and take influenza medication if they experience COVID-19 symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of health care workers in Saudi Arabia presented acceptable levels of general knowledge on COVID-19, but they lack awareness in some crucial details that may prevent disease spread. Intense courses and competency assessments are highly recommended. Prevention of disease progression is the only option for the time being.
Patient Safety Informatics: Meeting the Challenges of Emerging Digital Health (Preprint)
Authors: McInerney Ciarán , Benn Jonathan , Dowding Dawn , Habli Ibrahim , Jenkins David A. , McCrorie Carolyn , Peek Niels , Randell Rebecca , Williams Richard , Johnson Owen A.
Published: January 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The fourth industrial revolution is based on cyber-physical systems and the connectivity of devices. It is currently unclear what the consequences are for patient safety as existing digital health technologies become ubiquitous with increasing pace and interact in unforeseen ways. In this paper, we describe the output from a workshop focused on identifying the patient-safety challenges associated with emerging digital health technologies. We present a definition of Patient Safety Informatics that was informed by the workshop and existing literature, discuss the challenges identified in the workshop, and present recommendations to address the patient-safety concerns posed by them. A key implication of considering the challenges and opportunities for Patient Safety Informatics is the interdisciplinary contribution required to study digital health technologies within their embedded context. The principles underlying our recommendations are those of proactive and systems approaches that relate the social, technical and regulatory facets underpinning patient safety informatics theory and practice.
Reversing Type 2 Diabetes in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Web-based Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup , Sortsø Camilla , Lauridsen Jørgen T , Jakobsen Pernille R , Laursen Ditte H , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Søndergaard Jens , Brandt Carl J
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Lifestyle interventions can delay and reverse the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and decrease morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest that digital coaching based on real-time monitoring can lead to clinically relevant weight loss, as well as decreased or normalized hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for a significant number of patients.

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program (LIVA 2.0) for patients with T2D who are motivated for lifestyle changes leads to significant weight loss and decreased HbA1c, compared to usual care.

METHODS

In a randomized controlled single-blinded trial, 170 patients with T2D were enrolled from March 2018 to March 2019 and randomized to the intervention (100) and control (70) groups. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The intervention comprised an initial face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching. The same healthcare professional coach provided synchronous and asynchronous multimodal feedback and used digital behavioral change techniques enabled by an app providing live monitoring of lifestyle behaviors. Primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes were changes in HbA1c, body composition, lipids, and quality of life at 6 months.

RESULTS

At 6 months, 75 patients (75%) in the intervention group and 53 patients (76%) in the control group remained in the study. Mean body weight loss was 4.2 kg (95% CI, 5.5- 3.0) in the intervention group vs 1.5 kg (95% CI, 2.57- 0.48) in the control group (P = .005). In the intervention group, 36 (52%) patients lost > 3% body weight, compared to 12 (32%) patients in the control group. Mean HbA1c was lower in both groups at 6 months, with reductions of 8.2% (95% CI, 11.01 to 5.29) and 5.5% (95% CI, 8.75 to 2.76) for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P = .203). In the intervention group, 24 (32%) had an HbA1c <6.5% at 6 months, compared to 8 (15%) in the control group (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS

Reduction in body weight and remission rate for HbA1c, as well as improved body composition can be enhanced by using digital lifestyle coaching for patients with T2D.

CLINICALTRIAL

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03788915 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03788915
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR2-10.2196/19172

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/19172
Algorithm-Enabled, Personalized Glucose Management for Type 1 Diabetes at the Population Scale: Prospective Evaluation in Clinical Practice (Preprint)
Authors: Scheinker David , Gu Angela , Grossman Joshua , Ward Andrew , Ayerdi Oseas , Miller Daniel , Leverenz Jeannine , Hood Korey , Lee Ming Yeh , Maahs David M , Prahalad Priya
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) is recommended as the standard of care by the American Diabetes Association for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Few hardware-agnostic, open-source, whole-population tools are available to facilitate the use of CGM data by clinicians such as physicians and certified diabetes educators.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a tool that identifies patients appropriate for contact using an asynchronous message through electronic medical records while minimizing the number of patients reviewed by a certified diabetes educator or physician using the tool.

METHODS

We used consensus guidelines to develop timely interventions for diabetes excellence (TIDE), an open-source hardware-agnostic tool to analyze CGM data to identify patients with deteriorating glucose control by generating generic flags (eg, mean glucose [MG] >170 mg/dL) and personalized flags (eg, MG increased by >10 mg/dL). In a prospective 7-week study in a pediatric T1D clinic, we measured the sensitivity of TIDE in identifying patients appropriate for contact and the number of patients reviewed. We simulated measures of the workload generated by TIDE, including the average number of time in range (TIR) flags per patient per review period, on a convenience sample of eight external data sets, 6 from clinical trials and 2 donated by research foundations.

RESULTS

Over the 7 weeks of evaluation, the clinical population increased from 56 to 64 patients. The mean sensitivity was 99% (242/245; SD 2.5%), and the mean reduction in the number of patients reviewed was 42.6% (182/427; SD 10.9%). The 8 external data sets contained 1365 patients with 30,017 weeks of data collected by 7 types of CGMs. The rates of generic and personalized TIR flags per patient per review period were, respectively, 0.15 and 0.12 in the data set with the lowest average MG (141 mg/dL) and 0.95 and 0.22 in the data set with the highest average MG (207 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS

TIDE is an open-source hardware-agnostic tool for personalized analysis of CGM data at the clinical population scale. In a pediatric T1D clinic, TIDE identified 99% of patients appropriate for contact using an asynchronous message through electronic medical records while reducing the number of patients reviewed by certified diabetes care and education specialists by 43%. For each of the 8 external data sets, simulation of the use of TIDE produced fewer than 0.25 personalized TIR flags per patient per review period. The use of TIDE to support telemedicine-based T1D care may facilitate sensitive and efficient guideline-based population health management.
Impact of Gamification on the Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Quit of Smokers: Observational Study of Two Gamified Smoking Cessation Mobile Apps (Preprint)
Authors: Rajani Nikita B , Mastellos Nikolaos , Filippidis Filippos T
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The proportion of smokers making quit attempts and the proportion of smokers successfully quitting have been decreasing over the past few years. Previous studies have shown that smokers with high self-efficacy and motivation to quit have an increased likelihood of quitting and staying quit. Consequently, further research on strategies that can improve the self-efficacy and motivation of smokers seeking to quit could lead to substantially higher cessation rates. Some studies have found that gamification can positively impact the cognitive components of behavioral change, including self-efficacy and motivation. However, the impact of gamification in the context of smoking cessation and mobile health has been sparsely investigated.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the association between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and frequency of use of gamification features embedded in smoking cessation apps on self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking.

METHODS

Participants were assigned to use 1 of the 2 mobile apps for a duration of 4 weeks. App-based questionnaires were provided to participants before app use and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after they started using the app. Gamification was quantitatively operationalized based on the Cugelman gamification framework and concepts from the technology acceptance model. The mean values of perceived frequency, ease of use, and usefulness of gamification features were calculated at midstudy and end-study. Two linear regression models were used to investigate the impact of gamification on self-efficacy and motivation to quit.

RESULTS

A total of 116 participants completed the study. The mean self-efficacy increased from 37.38 (SD 13.3) to 42.47 (SD 11.5) points and motivation to quit increased from 5.94 (SD 1.4) to 6.32 (SD 1.7) points after app use. Goal setting was perceived to be the most useful gamification feature, whereas sharing was perceived to be the least useful. Participants self-reported that they used the progress dashboards the most often, whereas they used the sharing feature the least often. The average perceived frequency of gamification features was statistically significantly associated with change in self-efficacy (β=3.35; 95% CI 0.31-6.40) and change in motivation to quit (β=.54; 95% CI 0.15-0.94) between baseline and end-study.

CONCLUSIONS

Gamification embedded in mobile apps can have positive effects on self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking. The findings of this study can provide important insights for tobacco control policy makers, mobile app developers, and smokers seeking to quit.

CLINICALTRIAL
Virtual Mind-Body Programming for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Emard Nicholas , Lynch Kathleen A , Liou Kevin T , Atkinson Thomas , Green Angela K , Daly Bobby , Trevino Kelly , Mao Jun J
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing is critical for patients with cancer; however, it can also reduce their access to psychosocial coping resources.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore patient experiences to generate a model of how virtual mind-body programs can support the psychosocial well-being of patients with cancer.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative study among patients (aged ≥18 years) who participated in a virtual mind-body program offered by a National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Center during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program consisted of mind-body group therapy sessions of fitness, yoga, tai chi, dance therapy, music therapy, and meditation. Live integrative medicine clinicians held each session via Zoom videoconferencing for 30-45 minutes. In semistructured phone interviews (n=30), patients were asked about their overall impressions and perceptions of the benefits of the sessions, including impacts on stress and anxiety. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory.

RESULTS

Among the 30 participants (average age 64.5 years, SD 9.36, range 40-80, 29 female), three major themes were identified relating to experiences in the virtual mind-body program: (1) the sessions helped the patients maintain structured routines and motivated them to adhere to healthy behaviors; (2) the sessions enhanced coping with COVID-19-related-stressors, allowing patients to “refocus” and “re-energize”; and (3) the sessions allowed patients to connect, fostering social relationships during a time of isolation. These themes informed the constructs of a novel behavioral-psychological-social coping model for patients with cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Virtual mind-body programming supported patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic through a behavioral-psychological-social coping model by enhancing psychological coping for external stressors, supporting adherence to motivation and health behaviors, and increasing social connection and camaraderie. These programs have potential to address the behavioral, psychological, and social challenges faced by patients with cancer during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The constructs of the conceptual model proposed in this study can inform future interventions to support isolated patients with cancer. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the specific benefits of virtual mind-body programming for the psychosocial well-being and healthy behaviors of patients with cancer.
Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency and Associated Factors among Non-pregnant and Non-lactating Rural Women (18-49 Ages) in Mirab-Badwacho District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Setegn Sisay , Abera Ermias
Published: January 2021

Background: Non-pregnant and non-lactating women are the most vulnerable and neglected segments in most society. However, the non-pregnant and non-lactating women are the best window of opportunity to implement strategies, to correct maternal and child death and improve good pregnancy outcomes especially in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency and associated factors among rural women (18-49 ages) in Mirab-Badwacho district, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was employed. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 634 study participants. Data were collected by structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics was done and the association between the dependent and independent variables was measured using OR at 95% confidence interval. Results: The overall prevalence of chronic energy deficiency among non-lactating and non-pregnant women was 35.2% (95% CI: 31.5%, 38.9%). Age of the respondents (AOR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.46), family size (AOR= 1.61, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.27), meal frequency per day in the past 24 hours (AOR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.26, 8.05), drinking treated water (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.08), and past history of illness (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.26) were statistical significantly associated with women’s chronic energy deficiency.Conclusion: Chronic energy deficiency was found to be high in the study area. Therefore, sustained health and nutrition education should be recommended to the communities on health care practices, proper water treatments, feeding practices and dietary diversifications in order to improve health and nutrition outcomes of non-pregnant and non-lactating women.
A Semantic Analysis of Normal Derivatives of Body Part Terms in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Wardat Mahmud Hussein
Published: January 2021

This study deals with nouns derived from body part terminology in Jordanian Arabic. It aims at identifying those nouns and examining their semantic association with body part terms. It indicates that a large number of the nouns are semantically related to their corresponding body parts; thus, their meaning could be predicted from the meaning of body part terms. Further, the physical characteristics of position, shape and function of body parts are the basis of the semantic association. However, very few of the derived nouns are not semantically related to body part terms. In addition, all the derived nouns designate objects in a variety of lexical semantic domains external to the body part domain. Finally, it is concluded that Jordanian Arabic has the capability of expanding its lexicon on the basis of body part terminology.
Importance of LCMS in Forced Degradation Studies for new Chemical Entities
Authors: Anusha Kota  , M.V.Kumudha Valli
Published: January 2021

Forced degradation studies shows the chemical behaviour of the molecule which in turn helps in the development of formulation and package. In addition, the regulatory guidance is very general and does not explain about the performance of forced degradation studies. In pharmaceutical industry, mandatory degradation tests are important to determine the mechanisms and measure the potential degradants during the analysis of drug material and to help to elucidate the composition of degradation materials. The Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrum analysis (L.C.M.S) is a short term widely established liquid chromatography and a methodology utilizing a natural fluid process. L.C.M.S. is commonly employed in the laboratories for qualitative testing of drug substances, drugs and biological samples. Degradation studies, metabolic screening, metabolite identity and in vivo drug screening, impurity identification, amide mapping, glycoprotein mapping were consistently used in pharmaceutical development by LCMS. The FDA and ICH guidelines sets out the requirement for stability testing data to understand how the quality of the drug substance and drug product changes over time under the influence of various environmental factors. Knowledge of molecular stability helps to select the correct formulation and package as well as to provide proper storage conditions and shelf life, which is essential for regulatory documentation. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may form impurities when exposed to excipients or environmental variables such as light, high temperatures, acidic or basic conditions, humidity; and the oxidative atmosphere. Considering that these impurities may have an impact on safety and efficacy, it is necessary to know how these impurities are produced from the drug product and to establish the path of their formation. In this context, forced drug degradation studies have been used to characterize the physicochemical stability of APIs. These studies are also essential in the validation of analytical methodologies, in order to demonstrate the selectivity of methodologies. The API and its impurities and to develop strategies to avoid the formation of degradation products. The objective of this review is to demonstrate how forced degradation studies have been conducted and application of LCMS tools in related studies.
Allium Cepa (Onion) Extract Enhances and Protects Testicular Function and Architecture against Paraquat Induced Oxidative Damage.
Authors: Uzozie Chikere Ofoego  , Ejike Daniel Eze  , Elizabeth Obioma Nweke  , Ifechukwu Justicia Obiesie  , Ikechukwu Smart Mbagwu  , Okafor Emeka Christian  , Rabiu Mohammed Karimah
Published: January 2021

Allium cepa (A. cepa) is consumed for its health benefits. This study investigated the therapeutic potentials of ethanolic extract of A. cepa bulbs against paraquat-induced testicular toxicity in animal model. Thirty Wistar rats were split into control and five test groups (n=5). Group A (Control) received feed and water; test groups (B-F) were treated orally as follows: group B (20 mg/kg b.w. of paraquat for 4weeks); group C (1000 mg/kg b.w. of A. cepa extract for 4weeks); group D (a co-administration of 20 mg/kg b.w. of paraquat and 100 mg/kg b.w. of A. cepa extract for 4weeks); group E (a co-administration of 20 mg/kg b.w. of paraquat and 1000 mg/kg b.w. of A. cepa extract for 4weeks); and group F (1000 mg/kg b.w. of A. cepa extract for 2weeks before co-administration with 20 mg/kg b.w. of paraquat for 2weeks). In the end, sperm count, morphology, motility, sera testosterone levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as histology of the testes were assessed. Paraquat administration caused significantly (P<0.05) reduced sperm count, motility, alteration in sperm morphology and induced cell death. Oral gavage of paraquat also caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum testosterone and SOD levels with concomitantly elevated MDA levels. However, following the co-administration with ethanolic extract of A. cepa to experimental rats, there was an improvement in sperm parameters (count, motility and morphology) as well as in sera testosterone and SOD levels. It can be concluded that A. cepa exerts strong antioxidant effects in a dose-dependent manner in ameliorating testicular toxicity induced by paraquat in animal models.
Impact of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga Asanas along with Diet Supplements on Haemoglobin Level among Female Collegiate
Authors: G.Tharani  , G.Preethi  , K.Kamatchi  , G.Yuvarani  , G.Vaishnavi  , S.Jenifer Augustina
Published: January 2021

Haemoglobin is a conjugate iron containing protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs during all body functions. In India, anaemia is a widespread condition, due to lack of haemoglobin in children, non-pregnant women, and pregnant women. Anaemia increases the risk  of  death  during  pregnancy  and leads  to  fatigue,  poor motor and  mental  performance  in  adolescent  girls.  Recent literature  also  suggests  an  independent  association  of  chronic  anaemia  with  increased  mortality  in  a  variety  of  conditions including chronic kidney disease, heart failure, acute coronary syndromes and acute stroke. Hence, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence and progression of anaemia from mild to a severe form in young girls. Although the current medical management is effective in improving the Hb level, researches have found few adverse effects due to the high dose usage of such medications. Thus,  this  study  intended  to  investigate  the  effects  of  aerobic  exercise  versus  yoga  along  with  diet  supplement  on  the haemoglobin level. 20 female collegiate between 17 to 22 years with a BMI range of 20-25 kg/m2 and haemoglobin level from 8 to 11.5g/dl participated in this study. 10 subjects in Group A performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise and 10 subjects in Group B performed yoga asanas for 1 hour in the morning for 2 months after taking 5 grams jaggery and raisins. The result of this study suggested that both aerobic activity and yoga asanas along with raisins and jaggery helped to speed up the Hb synthesis and reduce mental and physical fatigue.
El método de intervención del desarrollo cognitivo de Ohta.
Authors: Chacón Ramírez Miriam Elena
Published: January 2021

El tratamiento del autismo ha sido por largo tiempo objeto de interés de muchos psicólogos, psiquiatras, maestros, y por supuesto de muchos padres de familia. Existe una gran gama de tratamientos de índole educativo como farmacológico. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aportar algunas reflexiones en torno al Método de Intervención del Desarrollo Cognitivo de Ohta. Este método fue creado por dos doctores del Departamento de Neuropsiquiatría de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Tokio, el doctor Masataka Ohta y la doctora Yoko Nagai.
Misión de la universidad de cara al siglo XXI, vista desde la iglesia.
Authors: Barrantes Ureña Hugo. Mons.
Published: January 2021

No Presenta
Víctima y criminalización primaria: alcances políticos criminales
Authors: González Cordero Iván
Published: January 2021

La reflexión sobre el tema de la víctima escapó al quehacer de los criminólogos hasta fechas relativamente recientes, del mismo modo en que se la relegó dentro del diseño de los procesos penales de corte inquisitivo. Hoy, ella constituye uno de los ejes centrales de la política criminal y es muchas veces en su nombre que se promueven reformas legales sustantivas que tienen como consecuencia una nueva fase expansionista del Derecho Penal, a través de la creación de nuevos tipos delictivos y el incremento desproporcionado de las penas. Este resultado negativo, cuyos pregonados efectos en la disminución de delitos carecen de respaldo científico, volucra el sacrificio de principios fundamentales del Derecho Penal en un Estado democrático y deja de lado la posibilidad de instituir políticas sociales de naturaleza extrapenal, que cumplan funciones de prevención de ciertas formas de delincuencia y de asistencia a las potenciales víctimas o a las que ya sufrieron el delito. El impacto del tema de la víctima en el quehacer legislativo, a través de distintos discursos como el de la inseguridad ciudadana, se relaciona también con el desarrollo de políticas supranacionales para combatir ciertos delitos y las tendencias a la globalización, que requiere estructuras compatibles, incluso en el plano penal, para el fomento y tutela de intereses privados y la disminución del Estado social.
Aprendizaje cooperativo y sus aspectos prácticos: una estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza en grupos grandes
Authors: Jiménez Morales Patricia
Published: January 2021

El aprendizaje cooperativo es una estrategia pedagógica en la cual los estudiantes trabajan en subgrupos pequeños dentro de un grupo grande. Esta técnica permite potenciar una serie de procesos cognitivos superiores como el análisis, la resolución de conflictos y el razonamiento matemático entre otros. El profesor actúa como un mediador del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. La metodología utiliza técnicas que pueden ayudar a la enseñanza en aulas con grupos numerosos de estudiantes, siempre y cuando se dé un cambio en la mentalidad del docente y un adecuado apoyo institucional; además, favorece la adquisición de aprendizajes significativos y promueve que el estudiante participe activamente en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje
Remendar lo social: Espíritus testimoniantes, árboles dolidos y otras epistemologías del dolor en Colombia
Authors: Castillejo Cuéllar Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Este texto explora, en el marco de un proceso de restitución de tierras en Colombia2, la importancia que el vínculo con los antepasados (con los “espíritus”, con los “invisibles”, o con “lo fantasmal”, en tanto entidades actuantes) tiene para remendar lo social -es decir, para reconocer corporalmente el territorio/cuerpo dañado por la violencia, para retornar a los espacios del terror y la desaparición y para rehabitar la fractura producto de la violencia-. Se sitúa concretamente en el Caribe Colombiano, alrededor del trabajo de una red donde participan miembros, hombres y mujeres de organizaciones afrocolombianas, raizales, campesinas e indígenas regionales. En su momento, una red de apoyo y acompañamiento colectivo que surge como parte de un proceso de cuidado mutuo de sus integrantes en tiempos de desplazamientos forzados y amenazas, hace dos décadas.
Presentación del número
Authors: Revista de Historia y Política Ciencia Nueva
Published: January 2021

N/A
A Brother and Sister with the Same Karyotype: Case Report of Two Siblings with Partial 3p Duplication and Partial 9p Deletion and Sex Reversal
Authors: Selby Susan Cordes , Iwata-Otsubo Aiko , Delk Paula , Nebesio Todd , Gohil Anisha , Martinez Wilfredo , Matlock Peggy , Vance Gail
Published: January 2021

Duplications of 3p and deletions of 9p occurring separately are well
described; however, there are few reports of individuals with unbalanced
translocations resulting in both of these chromosomal abnormalities. We
report two siblings with the same unbalanced male karyotype and sex
reversal.
The Effect of Hippotherapy on Posture and Trunk Control in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy-A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Özdemir Filiz , Arslan Faruk
Published: January 2021

Background: Hippotherapy is recognized as an integrative therapy in
rehabilitation programs as it provides a basis for neurological function
and sensory processing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects
of hippotherapy on posture and trunk control in children with spastic
diplegic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: This study which a
pre-test/post-test quasi experimental model with a control group was
included 24 participants aged 7-12 years. In addition to routine
physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for participants in
experimental group, hippotherapy training sessions lasting 30 minutes
were given once a week for 12 weeks each, under the direction of a
physiotherapist. Postural alignment changes were evaluated by using New
York Posture Rating Chart (NYPR). Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) was used
to evaluate trunk control. Results: The mean age was 13.62 ± 3.17 years.
Mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.34 ± 3.38 kg / m2. There was no
statistically significant difference between groups in terms of age,
gender, BMI, and GMFCS (p> 0.05 for all). There was no
difference in NYPR results between the groups (p> 0.05).
Total TIS score and static sub-parameter scores were higher in
experimental group, after the treatment (p <0.05), whereas
there was no difference in terms of dynamic and coordination
sub-parameters. Conclusions: We concluded that hippotherapy is a viable
treatment strategy to obtain functional results in children with spastic
diplegic cerebral palsy. However, we emphasize that effectiveness of
hippotherapy in different age groups should be investigated with larger
sample groups.
Fulminant hepatorenal syndrome due to Acetaminophen toxicity: A case report
Authors: Nekoukar Zahra , Moghimi Minoo , zakariaei Zakaria , Fakhar Mahdi , Tabaripour Rabeeh
Published: January 2021

Hepatorenal syndrome is a rare life-threatening complication of
acetaminophen toxicity. It is not responsive to fluid therapy and need
performing an emergent liver transplantation. Here, we introduce a
24-year-old woman with a history of chronic high doses of acetaminophen
consumption, presenting with nausea, vomiting, lethargy, oliguria, and
severe metabolic acidosis.