bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous surgeries in bariatric surgery (literature review)
Authors: Smirnov Alexander V. , Stankevich Vladimir R. , Panchenkov Dmitriy N. Panchenkov , Sharobaro Valentin I. , Ivanov Yuri V. , Velichko Yevgeny A.
Published: January 2021

Based on the available publications, the article presents an analysis of the studies on the simultaneous implementation of cholecystectomy, ventral and paraesophageal hernia repair during a bariatric intervention. If there is a clinical picture of chronic calculous cholecystitis, simultaneous cholecystectomy is justified and does not lead to a significant increase in the number of complications. In the case of asymptomatic gallstones, the optimal tactics remains controversial, both a surgical treatment and observation are possible. In the absence of gallstone disease, all patients after the surgical correction of the excess weight are prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid, while performing preventive cholecystectomy is not recommended. A simultaneous ventral hernia repair is justified only for small defects ( 10 cm) of the anterior abdominal wall. If a paraesophageal hernia is detected in patients with morbid obesity, bariatric surgery may be combined with cruroraphy.
Chest computed tomography for outcome prediction in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19: A retrospective analysis of 38,051 cases
Authors: Morozov Sergey P. , Chernina Valeria Yu. , Blokhin Andreevich I. , Gombolevskiy Victor A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:In the current epidemiological situation, computed tomography (CT) of chest organs plays an important role in disease diagnosis. Clinical and CT data allow physicians to quickly establish the probability of the presence and prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
AIMS:This study aimed to predict outcomes in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 based on chest CT and a semi-quantitative visual pulmonary lesion grading system (CT 04).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of the Unified Medical Information and Analytical Service and Unified Radiological Information Service records from March 01, 2020 to July 30, 2020 was performed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients diagnosed with U07.1 (laboratory-verified coronavirus infection) from March 01, 2020 to July 30, 2020 and referred for a chest CT by a physician with suspected community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19; the maximum period between laboratory verification and CT was not more than five days. The observation period for each patient was at least till 30 days from the date of CT. CT was performed in 48 medical organizations providing primary medical care to adults in Moscow. The exclusion criterion was a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results by July30, 2020. The CT 04 scale is recommended for use in the Russian Federation to estimate the volume of lung parenchyma lesions when COVID-19 is suspected.
RESULTS:The total sample volume was 38,051 patients. In this study, the risk of death was three times higher for CT-4 than for CT-0. In the KaplanMeier survival curve, the survival rate of patients in the CT-3 category was almost three times lower (hazard ratio = 2.94) than in the CT 02 categories; in addition, the higher the initial category of CT, the lower the risk of deterioration. The time for hospitalization decreased with the increase in the CT grade.
CONCLUSION:The visual CT 04 scale can be used to predict outcomes, such as hospitalizations and deaths, in patients suspected of COVID-19 who underwent chest CT in primary health care.
MosMedData: data set of 1110 chest CT scans performed during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Morozov Sergey P. , Andreychenko Anna E. , Blokhin Ivan A. , Gelezhe Pavel B. , Gonchar Anna P. , Nikolaev Alexander E. , Pavlov Nikolay A. , Chernina Valeria Yu. , Gombolevskiy Victor A.
Published: January 2021

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic decreasing availability of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription and the snowballing growth of medical imaging, especially the number of chest computed tomography (CT) scans being performed, methods to augment and automate the image analysis, increasing productivity and minimizing human error are of particular importance. The creation of high-quality datasets is essential for the development and validation of artificial intelligence algorithms. Such technologies have sufficient accuracy in diagnosing COVID-19 in medical imaging. The presented large-scale dataset contains anonymized human CT scans with COVID-19 features as well as normal studies. Some studies were tagged by radiologists using binary pixel masks of regions of interest (e.g., characteristic areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities). CT data were acquired between March 1, 2020, and April 25, 2020, and provided by municipal hospitals in Moscow, Russia. The presented dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0).
Shock digitalisation of education: The perception of participants of the educational process
Authors: Nazarov V. L. , Zherdev D. V. , Averbukh N. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined both by the importance of the problem of digital transformation of education in general, and by the specific conditions, which arose during the crisis caused by COVID-19. The long-termconsequences of the emergency transition of Russian education to the distance format, taking into account the ongoing pandemic, have yet to be assessed, but the reaction ofthe participants in the educational process to the first period of the total distance learning should be analysed immediately as a basis for future management decisions.

Aim. The aim of the present research is a comprehensive analysis of the perception of the experience of an emergency transition to a distant education format by the main participants in the educational process.

Methodology and research methods. Online survey based on Google forms was employed as the main method. The respondents to the survey included participants in the educational process, mostly permanently residing in the Sverdlovsk region (99% of the respondents). The survey was conducted in September – October 2020. The survey participation was voluntary and completely anonymous. As a result of the survey conducted, more than 24,500 original responses were received and processed. The data obtained were compared with the results of secondary studies (primarily, with the monitoring studies of the Higher School of Economics).

Results. The research findings demonstrate a number of significant shortcomings in the strategy of digital transformation of education, such as the insufficient development of the digital communication infrastructure in the regions, the technological and competence-based digital inequality, the lack of well-developed methods of using digitaleducational tools, the lack of high-quality content, the lack of full-fledged integrated educational resources on the market. The shortcomings mentioned above apparently led to a decrease in the quality of education during the period of self-isolation and provoked a reaction of rejection of digital educational forms and an increase in technological pessimism among a significant part of the respondents. The results are presented in correlation with secondary studies, which confirms the reliability of the general conclusions.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the attraction, systematisation and analytical generalisation of original material on the urgent problem of digital transformation of education, collected in one of the largest and technologically advanced regions of the Russian Federation.

Practical significance. The current article makes it possible to more accurately assess the situation in regional education and provides reference points both for conducting longitudinal research and for making current and strategic management decisions in Russian education at the regional and federal level.
Avances en la producción de líneas de tomate Solanum lycopersicum Mill. con resistencia genética al perforador del fruto Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenèe 1854) (Lepidoptera: Crambiade)
Authors: Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio
Published: January 2021

El perforador del fruto Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée 1854) (Lepidoptera: Crambridae) es una de las principales plagas del cultivo del tomate en Colombia y reduce la producción hasta en un 77 %. Todas las variedades comerciales de tomate son sensible a la plaga. El control químico es el método más utilizado mediante la aplicación de insecticidas altamente tóxicos cuya eficiencia puede verse comprometida debido a la biología del insecto. La resistencia genética a esta plaga como método de control sostenible y económico se ha estudiado y aprovechado poco. En el presente artículo se hace una síntesis del estudio del Grupo de investigación en mejoramiento genético y producción de hortalizas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, cuyo objetivo fue obtener líneas de tomate con resistencia genética al perforador del fruto N. elegantalis en especies silvestres del género Solanum spp. Dicha resistencia, presente en las especies silvestres del género, pudo ser transferida con relativo éxito mediante hibridación sexual a la variedad comercial UNAPAL Maravilla, de la especie Solanum lycopersicum. Los retrocruzamientos, acompañados de selección, permitieron obtener líneas recombinantes RC4 con resistencia al perforador y peso promedio del fruto, color y formato similares al del padre recurrente.
Influencia de palizadas en la estructura del zooplancton en un embalse tropical
Authors: Velásquez-Duque Yesica , Villabona-González Silvia Lucía , Palacio-Betancur Hilda
Published: January 2021

Las palizadas son acumulaciones de madera en los cauces de los ríos y en sus llanuras de inundación de tamaño variable cuya composición depende de las características del bosque ripario. En este estudio se evaluó la influencia de la palizada formada en la cola del embalse Amaní en la estructura espacial y temporal del zooplancton durante las estaciones de sequía y lluvia del 2016 y su relación con el fitoplancton y las condiciones físicas y químicas influenciadas por la palizada. Se tomaron muestras de plancton y se determinaron las variables físicas y químicas en las zonas situadas antes, en el inicio, la mitad, el final y después de la palizada a lo largo del eje del embalse. Se registraron 64 taxones de los tres principales grupos de zooplancton (rotíferos, cladóceros y copépodos). Las diferencias espaciales y temporales en la densidad del zooplancton fueron significativamente diferentes y se relacionaron con la transparencia y la disponibildad de algunos nutrientes. Los mayores valores de los descriptores de diversidad del zooplancton se estimaron en la mitad, al final y después de la palizada, probablemente porque esta ofrece mayor disponibilidad de hábitats, diversidad trófica y refugio. La comunidad presentó cambios temporales en la dominancia de taxones probablemente como consecuencia de las fluctuaciones del nivel del embalse durante las tres temporadas analizadas.
WAIVER OF SUBJECTIVE RIGHT INSTITUTE: LEGAL NATURE AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Southwest State University, Chebotareva I. N. , Pashutina O. S. ,   Southwest State University, Revina I. V. ,   Southwest State University
Published: January 2021

The nature of a subjective right causes the possibility of a criminal proceedings participant willingly, based on own interests and wishes, both to exercise the right exactly and waive it and not to use the provided procedural possibilities. Within the criminal proceedings, the waiver of the right institute is new, underdeveloped. There is practically no understanding of its subject matter and the extent of its exercise at the level of doctrine and jurisprudence as opposed to the foreign experience and civil legal regulation, which causes definite scientific interest in this topic. The paper carries out the look-back analysis of the definition of the nature of the waiver of the subjective right in Russian legal doctrine. This institute is relatively new and little researched in the Russian doctrine, which determines a particular scientific interest in the study of this issue. The paper provides the authors’ description of the waiver of the subjective right. In respect to the Russian criminal procedural legislation, the authors highlight the necessity to distinguish between the refusal of a right and the refusal to exercise a right by the participants in the criminal procedural activity; analyze the differentiated approach of the legislator on this issue. Based on the theoretical and legal analysis, the authors define that the waiver of the subjective right has definite essential features, forms, and ways of implementation, as well as specify the criteria for its admissibility. The paper proves the conclusion that the waiver of the right within the criminal process is possible under such conditions, as the direct willingness of a subject of criminal law relations to waive a right; the awareness of the existence of a particular procedural right and the consequences of such refusal; the form of a waiver showing its voluntary nature by implementing the intended freedom of choice. The authors expressed the proposals aimed at the improvement of norms of current criminal procedural legislation.
Thomas Hobbes és a természeti állapot dilemmái II.
Authors: Nagy Levente
Published: January 2021

The primary purpose of this paper is to reflect upon four aspects of the Hobbesian state of nature. Firstly, the question is whether we can interpret this original state as a mythical, abstract,imaginative and timless state, focusing only on the final conclusion of the Hobbesian theory, orit may contain a well-defined timspan, having its own historical development based on a clearlogical construction. Secondly, this study aims at examining the natural character of man inthe state of nature, and his harmony with his environment in respect with their „naturalness”.Thirdly, it tries to describe the assumed interpersonal relationships within the „primitve” state.Fourthly, the paper presents different states of nature reasoned out from a close reading of thetext. All four aspect may help us to get a better understanding of the ambivalent character of theHobbesian state of nature.
Sex-Composition of Living Children and Women’s Fertility Desire in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Hai Yen Nguyen , Sukontamarn Pataporn , Ngoc Hoang Dang Truc
Published: January 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sex-composition of children and women’s fertility desire in Vietnam.
Materials and methods: Using data from the 2014 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), we investigate the association between sex composition of children and desire for additional children among women in reproductive age (15 to 49 years) across Vietnam (N=5,605).
Results: Multivariate logistic regression models showed statistically significant association between sex composition of children and women’s fertility desire, after controlling for social norms of fertility preference, demographic and socioeconomic factors. For each group of women (those with one child, two children, and three or more children) women with no sons are more likely to have higher fertility desire compared to women with at least one son. However, women with both son (s) and daughter (s) tend to have lower fertility desire compared to those who have all sons.
Conclusion: Vietnam’s traditional cultural norm of son preference has a strong influence on fertility desire. Besides, mix-gender preference is also documented. The government should enforce the law more strictly regarding the prohibition of ultrasounds to detect fetal sex to reduce the feasibility of sex selection abortion. In addition, the government should improve the social ideology of the role of women in the family and society through mass media.
Exploring Women’s Health Information Needs During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Javanmardi Marzieh , Noroozi Mahnaz , Mostafavi Firouzeh , Ashrafi-Rizi Hasan
Published: January 2021

Objective: Pregnant women need health information to ensure their health and to have a healthy delivery. Therefore, equipping them with adequate information can bring desired health outcomes for them and their fetus. The present study was conducted to explore health information needs of women during pregnancy.
Materials and methods: The present research was a qualitative study. Thirty-nine participants (pregnant women, midwives, and obstetricians) were selected through purposeful sampling in Isfahan from June to November 2016. Data were collected through in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews, daily notes and field notes.
Results: Data analysis led to emergence of ten sub-categories including: "common complaints during pregnancy", "problems and complications in pregnancy", "factors affecting fetal health", "proper nutrition and take supplements during pregnancy", "sex during pregnancy", "exercise during pregnancy", "diagnostic tests in pregnancy", "fetal growth and development", "types of childbirth and preparation for delivery" and "baby care and breastfeeding" and finally the main category was the "health information needs".
Conclusion: Regarding the health information requests of pregnant women, their needs should be identified and taken into consideration when planning educational programs for this group of women.
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Hasanzadeh Malihe , Babapour Nooshin , Farazestanian Marjaneh , Hashem Niay Torshizi Farzaneh
Published: January 2021

Objective: Small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor with the great aggravation that comprises 0.5 to 3 percent of cervical tumors and progresses rapidly with early lymphogenous and hematogenous metastases.
Case report: We reported a 40 years old woman with cervical cancer in stage IB2 that had radical hysterectomy with mistaken diagnosis of squamous cervical cancer. The disease has progressed after 50 days of surgery with a 6 cm tumor in vaginal cuff; review of pathology demonstrated small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma.
Conclusion: Recognition of this separate histopathological entity with IHC analysis is important. Chemoradiotherapy and multimodality therapeutic approaches could improve the survival rates.
Level of Adherence to GOLD Guidelines for Management of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Is There a Difference Between Patient Management in Different Hospital Wards?
Authors: Paknejad Omolbanin , Shiri Akram , Naderpour Zeinab
Published: January 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of GOLD guideline in patients with an acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). 
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with COPD exacerbation referred to Shariati hospital from January 2014 to March 2015 were investigated. The level of adherence to GOLD guideline in three areas of hospital admission, therapeutic components of inpatient management (pharmacologic treatments, respiratory support) and discharge plan was assessed via reviewing patients’ medical profile. Each subject was classified as complete, non-complete and not evaluated in terms of adherence to the guideline.
Results: In this study, 125 patients with mean age of 67.64±1.71 years including 100 (80%) males were studied. Also, 104 and 21 patients were hospitalized in pulmonology and general medicine wards, respectively. In the present study, the adherence to GOLD recommendations for hospital admission, pharmacologic treatment and non-pharmacologic management were 92, 97.6 and 44.2%, respectively. Despite the high level of adherence to pharmacologic management, total adherence to non-pharmacologic interventions was poor.
Conclusion: Although high level of adherence to pharmacological management of COPD was observed, there was overtreatment particularly in case of antibiotics prescription. In addition, non-pharmacological management was not considered in over half of the patients.
Animación misionera en el magisterio pontificio y la pastoral
Authors: Martínez Sáez Juan F.
Published: January 2021

El magisterio del papa Francisco es una clara convocatoria a cada uno de los bautizados, y a la Iglesia en su conjunto, a constituirse en un “estado permanente de misión”. Esta contribución presenta una síntesis del magisterio y la práctica pastoral pontificios desde antes del Concilio Vaticano II hasta el actual sucesor de Pedro, con relación a la animación misionera como instrumento pastoral para que los bautizados participen en la misión de la Iglesia. La intención es mostrar cómo la idea de que el espíritu universal y misionero del evangelio corresponde a todos los bautizados se ha ido extendiendo progresivamente en la Iglesia con el objetivo de llegar a que sea la autocomprensión habitual de los cristianos y de las comunidades cristianas. A ello ha contribuido tanto el magisterio de los papas como su práctica pastoral con respecto a la Iglesia universal, en particular a través de las Obras Misionales Pontificias (OMP), así como otras iniciativas carismáticas ligadas a instituciones de carácter misionero. Así, se ha ido perfilando de manera gradual el concepto teológico-pastoral de animación misionera, su sentido y su metodología. El recorrido histórico de pontificados anteriores al papa Francisco hace comprender que él, aunque prescinda del uso literal de la expresión animación misionera, a la vez implementa su contenido y sus formas en su magisterio, sus palabras, sus gestos y sus acciones, así como su ministerio pastoral hacia la Iglesia universal para que todo bautizado sea discípulo misionero y dé esperanza fundada en “una nueva etapa evangelizadora.
El discernimiento: de la espiritualidad a la ética
Authors: Mifsud Tony
Published: January 2021

El tema del discernimiento se ha reducido al campo de la espiritualidad con una clara referencia a la vida religiosa y sacerdotal. Sin embargo, en san Pablo tiene una innegable aplicación ética, ligada a la vocación cristiana en general. Por otra parte, la espiritualidad es la base y fundamento del ethos cristiano. Por tanto, el tema del discernimiento constituye un puente entre la espiritualidad y el ethos cristiano, capaz de erigirse como un método de llegar a juicios éticos concretos. Tradicionalmente, en la Teología Moral se recurría a dos métodos: la deontología (la aplicación de la norma a la realidad) y la teleología (la finalidad determina la eticidad del acto). El artículo propone un tercer método: el discernimiento ético, que presupone una consecuencia y una coherencia entre la fe profesada y la vivencia cotidiana. El artículo comienza con un estudio del término discernimiento en el pensamiento teológico de san Pablo, para pasar luego a las reglas de discernimiento en los Ejercicios Espirituales de san Ignacio de Loyola y terminar con una comprensión más acabada de su significado en las reflexiones del Papa Francisco. Después de aclarar el significado del término discernimiento queda manifiesto que esta categoría constituye un puente sólido entre la espiritualidad y la ética, siendo un método para traducir la vivencia espiritual en un compromiso ético. Se termina con la propuesta de un método concreto para la formación de un juicio ético.
Fernán González, S. J. (Comp.). (2020). Curas guerrilleros patriotas y curas realistas. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Historia, 628 p.
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: January 2021

Innegable es para todos el gran influjo ejercido por la Iglesia en América desde los inicios del dominio hispánico a través de una presencia institucional que permeaba todos los ámbitos de la vida social, económica y cotidiana de entonces. Un poder que alcanzaba tanta preponderancia como el poder político, de manera que Dios y Rey se constituían en los máximos ejes de autoridad. El siglo XIX despuntó con intensas convulsiones políticas tras irrumpir la etapa revolucionaria que comprometió tanto a España como a las colonias de ultramar, con lo cual se abrió paso en la Nueva Granada, en 1810, el periodo de Independencia, que se extendería por más de una década.
Research on the Türbe Complex of Suleiman the Magnificent in Szigetvár and its Fortification
Authors: Pap Norbert
Published: January 2021

Researchers have been searching for the türbe (tomb) of Suleiman the Magnificent in Szigetvár, Hungary for over 110 years. Although scholars from a variety of disciplines have published numerous works on the subject, their meth- odologies have been limited to those established before 2013. In the last several years, newer multidisciplinary examinations have been conducted and as a result, the former examination sites (i.e., locations along the Almás stream and the Blessed Virgin Mary church in Turbék) were abandoned and a new location identified. This paper gives an overview of the principal findings over the last 110 years, highlighting contradictions and interpreting the geographical descriptions of these sources.
NEEDS ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH CURRICULUM FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Isnaniah Isnaniah , Hayati Nor Millah
Published: January 2021

The awareness of English language mastery leads to the effort of learning the language as early as possible. Since English is used as a foreign language in Indonesia, therefore English have to be introduced to the early childhood and elementary children institutions. When a foreign language is introduced to young learners, it requires special knowledge about how children acquire and learn language, so a proper learning method can be formulated as well. This research aims to conduct the needs analysis in developing English curriculum for early childhood and elementary school children. This research employed a case study research. It was carried out through surveys with relevant subject and related stakeholder at LKP SQUARE Education Center English Program Balai Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan pendidikan Masyarakat (BP-PAUD dan Dikmas) Kalimantan Selatan. The object of the research is the subject's response including the tendency of the teachers for applying the curriculum in their teaching activities, the students’ performance, and the students’ character. The data were collected through interview, questionnaire, and observation. The data were analysed descriptively. The finding showed that the young learners need to master English skill actively and confidently.Keywords- Needs Analysis, Curriculum Development, English for Young Learners
THE USE OF WHATSAPP APP IN DISTANCE LANGUAGE LEARNING IN PANDEMIC COVID-19: A CASE STUDY IN NAHDLATUL ULAMA UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Kholis Adhan
Published: January 2021

Lately, pandemic covid-19 has changed the educational field including learning methods from conventional learning to distance learning. This shift needed more adaptation for all parts like stakeholders, teachers, and also students. Evidently, various efforts have been made by teachers in simplifying teaching and learning such as applying some digital technologies like WhatsApp App, an asynchronous communication to reach the students’ presence with any spaces and time. This study aimed to describe and to evaluate the use of utilizing WhatsApp App in distance language learning for the English Education Department Students of Nahdlatul Ulama University of Yogyakarta. The research design of this study was a case study. Furthermore, this study gave the detailed information, description, and understanding deeply in relation to the use of WhatsApp App in remote teaching. Students’ perception and the factors affecting the effectiveness were investigated through a questionnaire. The results showed that WhatsApp App can support and helped the language learning to be more effective and efficient for the reason that it was accessible and low technology for distance learning. The students were more responsive and enthusiastic in joining the class. Indeed, it has given more facilities and satisfaction in practice.
Saviour Siblings - Current Overview, Dilemmas and Possible Solutions?
Authors: Samardžić Sandra O.
Published: January 2021

In certain cases, when an already born child is affected with a fatal disease and needs transplantation, the only possible solution could be the creation of saviour sibling. Saviour sibling is a term that refers to a child born through a procedure in which an embryo, created in vitro, is being tested in order to determine whether such an embryo could provide stem cells or tissue for an already born, ill child. If the embryo is both, a matching donor and free of the disease, it could be implanted and after the birth of a child, the umbilical cord stem cells or tissue could be used for treatment of a sick sibling. However, this procedure poses a number of dilemmas. This paper aims to give a brief analysis of these issues, to address some of the main concerns and to provide possible solutions for future regulation of this technique.
The Relationship Between Doctors, Patients and the Law in North American and British Literature
Authors: Kennedy Victor
Published: January 2021

In common law jurisdictions today, the relationship between doctors and patients is generally considered to be a private one (Dorr Goold and Lipkin Jr., 1999). Like most professions, doctors are governed to a large extent by professional associations with their own Codes of Ethics. To practice medicine in the United States, Canada, or Britain, doctors must be licensed by their local Board or College1. Government control of doctor-patient relationships is generally limited to funding, but in a few areas, in particular, those that are considered to be matters of public morality or ethics, criminal statutes can apply. Historically, reproductive rights have often fallen under state control. This paper will compare fictional representations of state interference with reproductive rights in three science-fiction dystopias, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (Atwood, 1985), P.D. James’s Children of Men (James, 1992), and Harlan Ellison’s “A Boy and His Dog” (Ellison, 1969), and examine the real-world situations and concerns that these stories comment upon.
Vulnerable consumers, their health and urgent supply of electrical energy in Slovenian legal framework
Authors: Tomažič Luka Martin , Bračič Suzana , Bratina Borut
Published: January 2021

The question of access to a cost-accessible source of electrical energy during the winter months is one of the pressing concerns of social security even in developed states. We will analyse the complex legal, health and economic issues that are connected with the notion of who a vulnerable consumer is as defined in the Slovenian Energy Code (EZ-1). We will do so by analysing the nature of electrical energy in the Slovenian legal framework and then by evaluating the legal solutions proposed for vulnerable consumers. Consequences for an individual’s health, with a focus during the winter months, will be assessed and a comparative overview of legal solutions will be performed. Lastly, we will argue that the current solution may well be economically untenable and that a revision might be in order.Vprašanje dostopa do stroškovno dostopnega vira električne energije v zimskih mesecih je tudi v razvitih državah eden od nujnih vprašanj socialne varnosti. Analizirali bomo kompleksna pravna, zdravstvena in ekonomska vprašanja, povezana s pojmom, kdo je ranljivi potrošnik glede na opredelitev v slovenskem Energetskem zakonu (EZ-1). Tega se bomo lotili z analizo narave električne energije v slovenskem pravnem okviru in nato z oceno zakonskih rešitev, ki so predlagane za ranljive potrošnike. Ocenili bomo posledice za zdravje posameznika, s poudarkom na zimskih mesecih, in podali primerjalni pregled zakonskih rešitev. Sklepno bomo trdili, da bi bila sedanja rešitev lahko ekonomsko nevzdržna, zato bi bila priporočljiva sprememba zakonodaje.
The Right to Cyborgization in Slovenia
Authors: Ivanc Blaž
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the legal aspects of the phenomenon of cyborgization. There is a structured debate about legal and ethical admissibility of the use of scientific and technological interventions in the field of biomedicine, by which we transform or supplement the functioning of the natural human organism in the direction of an increasingly artificial human being. In the discussion, we ask ourselves, to what extent or in what sense it’s possible to talk about the right of a person to cyborgization. After discussing the typology of scientific and technological interventions or technologies that can be classified in the field of cyborgization, the discussion draws attention to ethical dilemmas. First, it identifies the distinction between medically indicated interventions, which means cyborgization, and medically unindicated. In the next step, the discussion deals with the distinction between cyborgization interventions, which must be controlled from the point of view of ethics, and other interventions. It tries to define the typology of existing or future unethical and unlawful interventions. Finally, the discussion opens the questions on the way, content and approach to the legal regulation of the phenomenon of cyborgization and attempts to assess the quality of the current legal regulation of that area.
The Legal Framework for Academic Professional Development for Radiographers in Higher Education
Authors: Žunić Ljubica
Published: January 2021

Technology has changed the world of radiography, setting the request for development and promotion of radiography occupation. This article focuses on key factors of education for radiologic technologist / radiographer. The important role of EFRS in promoting and developing advanced educational standards and qualifications for radiographers is elaborated. Harmonization and development of radiographer’s profession following technological development considers cooperation among educational institutions, employers and professional bodies, within the framework of European and national legislation. Society should provide the conditions for further education. Obtaining a master's and / or doctoral degree, and integration in teaching and research activities, helps transform radiographers into leadership roles within their departments.
Specyfika i konkurencyjność banków spółdzielczych w Polsce
Authors: Musialik Klaudia
Published: January 2021

Bankowość spółdzielcza postrzegana jest głównie jako mało nowoczesna bankowość tradycyjna o charakterze lokalnym. W związku z tym podjęto taki, a nie inny temat artykułu, by pokazać jego konkurencyjność w różnych obszarach. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie różnic i podobieństw między bankami spółdzielczymi a bankami komercyjnymi i SKOK-ami. Przedstawiono również wybrane dane statystyczne dotyczące tych instytucji. Ponadto, zamierzeniem autorki artykułu było zbadanie stopnia konkurencyjności bankowości spółdzielczej. Autorka w artykule weryfikowała hipotezę badawczą, że najbardziej konkurencyjnymi spośród banków spółdzielczych, banków komercyjnych, jak i SKOK-ów są banki spółdzielcze, co jest oceniane przez klientów w perspektywie ich zadowolenia. Badanie przeprowadzono za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety. Ukazało ono, że w ocenie klientów występują zarówno dobrze prosperujące obszary instytucji finansowych, jak i te, które wymagają poprawy.
Evaluation of Different Quantity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Characteristics of Koi Carp
Authors: Sangeetha K. , Rajan M.R.
Published: January 2021

Background: Nanoparticles such as Se, Cu, Fe, FeO, Zn and ZnO play a vital role in aquaculture operations and are essential microminerals to enhance fish growth. The dietary supplementation of nanoparticles produces better survival, growth, antioxidant levels and immunity in aquatic organisms. The present work aimed to evaluate the different quantity of Iron oxide nanoparticles on the Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Characteristics of Koi carp. Methods: Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using SEM, EDAX, FT-IR, XRD and VSM. Different quantity of iron oxide nanoparticles such as 0, 10,20,30,40 and 50mg/100g-1 was prepared along with the fish meal, groundnut oil cake, wheat flour and tapioca flour for feed I(Control), II, III, IV, V and VI respectively. Feed utilization, hematological and biochemical composition of Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var.koi were estimated after 21 days. Result: The feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, feed conversion ratio, Growth and Specific Growth Rate, Gross and Net Growth Efficiency of Koi carp was higher in Ex. Feed IV. The Hematological parameters of Koi carp gradually increased from Feed I to VI. Total protein, carbohydrate and lipid in muscle, gill and liver of Koi carp were higher in Feed VI and lower in feed I. The present work suggests that growth parameters are better in feed IV and hematological and biochemical parameters are higher in feed VI.
Basotho Medicinal Plants Second Edition - Meriana ya dimela tsa Basotho Kgatiso ya Bobedi
Authors: Moffett Rodney
Published: January 2021

As a Mosotho I believe this publication assists in documenting the deep indigenous knowledge of our forefathers and helps preserve the proud tradition of the Basotho Nation. Dr Chris Nhlapo Vice-Chancellor, Cape Peninsula University of Technology This publication is an important contribution to the documentation of medicinal plant use by the Basotho. It contains a comprehensive list of known medicinal plants, their up-to-date scientific names, their vernacular names, as well as their uses. This book will appeal to experts, as well as to readers who are unfamiliar with traditional medicinal plant uses. Professor Ntsamaeeng Moteetee Department of Botany and Plant Technology, University of Johannesburg
Relating the South African soil taxonomy to the World Reference Base for soil resources
Authors: van Huyssteen CW
Published: January 2021

The South African Taxonomic soil classification system (SAT) is well established and utilised in South Africa. However, it is not internationally well known and therefore the need arose to provide a tool by which South African soil taxonomists can convert South African soil classifications and profile descriptions to the international classifications of the World Reference Base (WRB) for soil resources. The diagnostics and tacit knowledge presented in this publication are therefore based on the SAT and the WRB. When necessary, further substantiation was derived from the Land Type Survey of South Africa. The adopted procedure is effective in providing a reasonable classification based on the South African soil forms and families, while excluding certain WRB soil groups and qualifiers, because these are irrelevant to South African taxonomy. Lastly, this publication also highlights some peculiarities, omissions and inconsistencies observed between the SAT and WRB.
Obedience and Servant Leadership: Apollis, Appies, Buti, Buys
Authors: Baron Eugene , Botha Nico A.
Published: January 2021

In celebrating a quarter of a century of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URSCA) (1994 2019), quite a few well-organised activities and events took place. These activities reflect a mix of serious academic seminars and liturgical celebrations of which the ones in the Cape, both in Belhar and at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) warrant special mention. In his sermon based on John 17 at the closing liturgical celebration at UWC, Prof Daan Cloete raised several pertinent issues pertaining to unity and justice as a challenge to the leadership of URCSA. Despite all the significant events taking place throughout the year (2019), there has been a major deficit. Attempts at serious historiography are few and far between. This book is an attempt at starting such a study process. However, to put it modestly to contribute to the writing of the history of the URCSA. It has been resolved to start right at the beginning: the founding synod of URCSA with a specific focus on the constituting moderature. The book discusses the issues that were looming large at the founding Synod in 1994 which captures the ‘miracle’ and the euphoria that emerged amidst some delicate matters and issues that would have posed some serious impediments that would have jeopardise the unification before it even started. In calling into service the pastoral or praxis cycle the contributions of the first moderature of URCSA: Rev Nick Apollis (moderator), Rev Leonardo Appies (Scriba Synodii) Rev Dr Sam Buti (Assessor) and Rev JD Buys (Actuaris), of the 1994 General Synod elections are presented in this book. The authors were interested in answering the question: In what way did the moderature members of URCSA assist in the transformation of church and society? The book showcases, how not only systems and structures are essential in transformation processes, but people - who take up the task in obedience and servitude.
Monitoring Prediabetes Screening in Two Primary Care Offices in Rural Appalachia: A Quality Improvement Process
Authors: Clark Rebecca T. , Mullins Christine M. , Hemphill Jean C.
Published: January 2021

Background

One-third of the U.S. population has prediabetes, but 90% remain undiagnosed because healthcare providers are not screening for this condition.

Objective

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to monitor prediabetes screening and identification, and implement evidence-based recommendations including registered dietician referral.

Methods

This project involved using an evidence-based screening tool to measure individual risk of prediabetes. Aggregate data was collected to evaluate screening implementation, evidence-based recommendations offered by providers, and assess patient risk factors.

Results

The percentage of patients at risk for prediabetes was 41.3% (n = 111). The most frequent risks were identified as overweight, history of hypertension, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and older age. Providers offered education on weight loss 68.5% (n = 76) and exercise 76.6% (n = 85) but referred 33.3% (n = 37) patients for nutrition education. The screening rates were 52.3% (n = 176) and 72.5% (n = 244) in clinics A and B respectively.

Conclusions

A gap remains in using evidence-based recommendations to decrease risk of prediabetes. Prediabetes screening identified a greater percentage of persons in this population.

Implications for Nursing

There is a need for consistent practice of evidence-based recommendations. This project set the benchmark for future efforts to educate, encourage, and measure providers successes.
The Religious Court's Decisions on Divorce: A Maqāṣid Sharīʿa Perspective
Authors: Nizar Muchamad Coirun
Published: January 2021

Maqāṣid sharīʿa is considered as a theory that can be applied to analyze the objectives of Islamic law. One of the developments of Islamic law in Indonesia, and in the Muslim world in general, is concerned with religious courts’ decision made by judges. This study analyzes court decisions from the maqāṣid sharīʿa perspective. This qualitative study focused on the divorce cases from the religious court of Salatiga district, Central Java. Twenty percent of the cases in 2017 were proportionally selected. This study shows that there were various reasons of divorce, ranging from constant quarrels to spousal negligence. The other reason was conversion, where one couple left Islam. The court decisions on those divorce cases suggest that the judges attempt to uphold the principles of maqāṣid sharīʿa, such as the preservation of life, descendant, asset and religion. Depending on the respective case, the judges may grant the petition if it will give a greater benefit to the parties concerned that does not contrary to the maqāṣid sharīʿa.
Social Sciences and Global Turbulence: Rebooting the Mainstream
Authors: Mart'yanov V. , Fishman L.
Published: January 2021

After the collapse of the bipolar world, the neoliberal mainstream emerged in the global hierarchy of social sciences, built on three axiomatic pillars: Western domination, capitalism (free market) and liberalism (the value of individual autonomy). Nowadays, one can more and more often witness criticism and disintegration of the mainstream, which claimed the universality of descriptions and legitimation of modern societies that have reached the end of history in the form of open-access liberal market democracies. The purpose of the article is to find out how transformations of the prevailing political and economic orders, configurations of the subjects of geopolitical dominance and their legitimate metaphors determine the direction of changes in the social sciences mainstream. The hypothesis of the research is that the prevailing principles of stratification and distribution of public resources will be less and less valuable and institutionally related to capitalism, market and democracy, since an appeal to the latter does not lead to an increase in the available opportunities for the majority of the population in practice. The global change in social ontology, the structure of economic reproduction and legitimate foundations of the political order bring about a drop in the credibility and relevance of mainstream concepts focused on the axiomatics of market values and liberal rhetoric. Intellectual attempts to restore the relevance of the neoliberal mainstream through the construction of local utopias (flat world, creative class, knowledge economy, etc.), the introduction of complementary concepts of civil repair (J. Alexander), sociocultural trauma (P. Shtompka), unworthy government (bad governance), dependence on previous development (path dependence) or gauge (N. Rozov) do not save from growing conceptual stretch. Formation of a society without tangible economic growth and a declining need for mass labor leads to the inevitable transformation of the mainstream. Alternative and peripheral theories that describe the contours of a global future mainly in non-market, non-capitalist and, possibly, non-liberal categories are becoming more influential. These are concepts that fix new formats for the distribution of public resources, less and less connected with the market, democracy and hegemony of the West, but increasingly – with rental mechanisms, distributive political regulation and differentiated value of different social groups for the national state. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Expert Institute of Social Research (“опн”). Project no. 20-011-31025 “Alternatives to Political Mainstream amidst the Crisis of the Global World Order”.
An Update on the Chemistry, Pharmacology and Dose Calculations of Mepivacaine Hydrochloride for Podiatrists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Reilly Ian , Burt Nicola , Reilly Rebecca , Swami Ajay
Published: January 2021

Local anaesthetic agents suppress action potentials in excitable tissues by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. In doing so they inhibit the depolarisation of nociceptive nerve fibres and so prevent the transmission of pain impulses. UK legislation allows HCPC-registered Podiatrists with POM-A annotation access to six local anaesthetic drugs and two of these with the addition of adrenaline. The use of local anaesthetia has transformed the treatment of nail pathology by Podiatrists. In the UK, the drug of choice in podiatric practice is 3% mepivacaine hydrochloride: it is a good choice of drug for digital anaesthesia. This paper will review the chemistry, pharmacology and dose calculation of mepivacaine, and challenge some of the orthodoxy over the rigid calculation of maximum safe dosages.