bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myeloid Cell 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein Modulates the Response to Vascular Injury
Authors: Yu Zhou , Ricciotti Emanuela , Miwa Takashi , Liu Shulin , Ihida-Stansbury Kaori , Landesberg Gavin , Jones Peter L. , Scalia Rosario , Song Wen-Chao , Assoian Richard K , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: December 2012

Rationale:

Human genetics have implicated the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and an inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) is in clinical development for asthma.

Objective:

Here we determined whether FLAP deletion modifies the response to vascular injury.

Methods and Results:

Vascular remodeling was characterized 4 weeks after femoral arterial injury in FLAP knockout mice and wild-type controls. Both neointimal hyperplasia and the intima/media ratio of the injured artery were significantly reduced in the FLAP knockouts, whereas endothelial integrity was preserved. Lesional myeloid cells were depleted and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, as reflected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, was markedly attenuated by FLAP deletion. Inflammatory cytokine release from FLAP knockout macrophages was depressed, and their restricted ability to induce VSMC migration ex vivo was rescued with leukotriene B
4
. FLAP deletion restrained injury and attenuated upregulation of the extracellular matrix protein, tenascin C, which affords a scaffold for VSMC migration. Correspondingly, the phenotypic modulation of VSMC to a more synthetic phenotype, reflected by morphological change, loss of α-smooth muscle cell actin, and upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was also suppressed in FLAP knockout mice. Transplantation of FLAP-replete myeloid cells rescued the proliferative response to vascular injury.

Conclusions:

Expression of lesional FLAP in myeloid cells promotes leukotriene B
4
-dependent VSMC phenotypic modulation, intimal migration, and proliferation.
A Crucial Role for p90RSK-Mediated Reduction of ERK5 Transcriptional Activity in Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Le Nhat-Tu , Heo Kyung-Sun , Takei Yuichiro , Lee Hakjoo , Woo Chang-Hoon , Chang Eugene , McClain Carolyn , Hurley Cheryl , Wang Xin , Li Faqian , Xu Haodong , Morrell Craig , Sullivan Mark A. , Cohen Michael S. , Serafimova Iana M. , Taunton Jack , Fujiwara Keigi , Abe Jun-ichi
Published: December 2012

Background—

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality by increasing endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and subsequently accelerating atherosclerosis. Extracellular-signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is activated by steady laminar flow and regulates EC function by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and inhibiting EC inflammation. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of ERK5 in EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Here, we report the critical role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK)/ERK5 complex in EC dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results—

Inducible EC-specific ERK5 knockout (ERK5-EKO) mice showed increased leukocyte rolling and impaired vessel reactivity. To examine the role of endothelial ERK5 in atherosclerosis, we used inducible ERK5-EKO-LDLR
−/−
mice and observed increased plaque formation. When activated, p90RSK associated with ERK5, and this association inhibited ERK5 transcriptional activity and upregulated vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. In addition, p90RSK directly phosphorylated ERK5 S496 and reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. p90RSK activity was increased in diabetic mouse vessels, and fluoromethyl ketone-methoxyethylamine, a specific p90RSK inhibitor, ameliorated EC-leukocyte recruitment and diminished vascular reactivity in diabetic mice. Interestingly, in ERK5-EKO mice, increased leukocyte rolling and impaired vessel reactivity were resistant to the beneficial effects of fluoromethyl ketone-methoxyethylamine, suggesting a critical role for endothelial ERK5 in mediating the salutary effects of fluoromethyl ketone-methoxyethylamine on endothelial dysfunction. Fluoromethyl ketone-methoxyethylamine also inhibited atherosclerosis formation in ApoE
−/−
mice.

Conclusions—

Our study highlights the importance of the p90RSK/ERK5 module as a critical mediator of EC dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis formation, thus revealing a potential new target for therapeutic intervention.
Dimensions of Conservation
Authors: Karlin Beth , Davis Nora , Sanguinetti Angela , Gamble Kristen , Kirkby David , Stokols Daniel
Published: December 2012

Residential energy conservation is among the most efficient means of reducing emissions, yet behavior is lagging behind this potential, suggesting this is an area where psychology can contribute. Research suggests that conservation behaviors may cluster into distinct dimensions, and a greater understanding of these differences could improve intervention. This article explores this idea through systematic literature review and analysis of survey data. Content analysis of 28 articles showed strong support for two primary dimensions (curtailment and efficiency), with up to nine defining attributes. However, analysis also identified inconsistencies, leaving questions about their validity. Factor analysis of survey data identified two principal components along these dimensions; subsequent analyses revealed several differences in their predictors. Results provide support for a dimensional approach and suggest further research into underlying attributes. Although the curtailment versus efficiency dichotomy may be useful, it also has the potential to obscure high leverage maintenance behaviors, especially for renters.
Motivating Sustainable Food Choices
Authors: Campbell-Arvai Victoria , Arvai Joseph , Kalof Linda
Published: December 2012

Small, everyday changes in people’s behavior can have significant positive environmental impacts. To this end, the research reported here focused on the role of an asymmetric intervention (a “nudge”) in motivating choices with positive environmental outcomes. The context of this research was motivating proenvironmental food choice in campus dining halls. An experiment was conducted in which a default menu, presenting only appealing or unappealing meat-free meal options, was compared with more conventional menu configurations. The use of a default menu increased the probability that study participants would choose a meat-free meal option, and this probability increased when appealing default meal options were provided. Neither the provision of information on the menus nor the proenvironmental value orientation and worldview of participants contributed to the logistic model. These results suggest that default-based interventions can be important tools in motivating proenvironmental behavior and can serve to complement information and education efforts over the long term.
Elevated Oral and Systemic Levels of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (sTREM-1) in Periodontitis
Authors: Bostanci N. , Öztürk V.Ö. , Emingil G. , Belibasakis G.N.
Published: December 2012

The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. Soluble (s)TREM-1 is released from the cell surface during the course of infection and is a useful inflammatory biomarker in the early diagnosis of systemic sepsis. The hypothesis of this study was that oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 are elevated in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim was to investigate, by ELISA, the sTREM-1 concentrations in saliva and serum of individuals without periodontitis (control) and persons with chronic or generalized aggressive periodontitis. In saliva, sTREM-1 concentrations were higher in chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in the control group, by 3.3-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively. In serum, these differences were 1.7-fold and 2-fold, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the two forms of periodontitis, neither in saliva nor in serum. Salivary and serum sTREM-1 levels positively correlated with full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters. In conclusion, the increased oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 in periodontitis denote a value for this molecule as a biomarker for the disease and may also have implications in the association between periodontal infections and systemic inflammatory response.
Oral Lining Mucosa Development Depends on Mesenchymal microRNAs
Authors: Otsuka-Tanaka Y. , Oommen S. , Kawasaki M. , Kawasaki K. , Imam N. , Jalani-Ghazani F. , Hindges R. , Sharpe P.T. , Ohazama A.
Published: December 2012

The oral mucosa plays critical roles in protection, sensation, and secretion and can be classified into masticatory, lining, and specialized mucosa that are known to be functionally, histologically, and clinically distinct. Each type of oral mucosa is believed to develop through discrete molecular mechanisms, which remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19 to 25nt non-coding small single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding target mRNAs. miRNAs are crucial for fine-tuning of molecular mechanisms. To investigate the role of miRNAs in oral mucosa development, we examined mice with mesenchymal ( Wnt1Cre;Dicerfl/fl) conditional deletion of Dicer. Wnt1Cre;Dicerfl/fl mice showed trans-differentiation of lining mucosa into an epithelium with masticatory mucosa/ skin-specific characteristics. Up-regulation of Fgf signaling was found in mutant lining mucosal epithelium that was accompanied by an increase in Fgf7 expression in mutant mesenchyme. Mesenchyme miRNAs thus have an indirect effect on lining mucosal epithelial cell growth/differentiation.
Tooth Bleaching Increases Dentinal Protease Activity
Authors: Sato C. , Rodrigues F.A. , Garcia D.M. , Vidal C.M.P. , Pashley D.H. , Tjäderhane L. , Carrilho M.R. , Nascimento F.D. , Tersariol I.L.S.
Published: December 2012

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures. The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to the in vivo bleaching of human (n = 20) premolars were investigated in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe enamel nanostructure. The chemical composition of enamel and dentin was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The enzymatic activities of dental cathepsin B and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were monitored with fluorogenic substrates. The amount of collagen in dentin was measured by emission of collagen autofluorescence with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The presence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the pulp was evaluated with a fluorogenic 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. Vital bleaching of teeth significantly altered all tested parameters: AFM images revealed a corrosion of surface enamel nanostructure; FTIR analysis showed a loss of carbonate and proteins from enamel and dentin, along with an increase in the proteolytic activity of cathepsin-B and MMPs; and there was a reduction in the autofluorescence of collagen and an increase in both cathepsin-B activity and ROS in pulp tissues. Together, these results indicate that 35% hydrogen peroxide used in clinical bleaching protocols dramatically alters the structural and biochemical properties of dental hard and soft pulp tissue.
Masseter Motor Unit Recruitment is Altered in Experimental Jaw Muscle Pain
Authors: Minami I. , Akhter R. , Albersen I. , Burger C. , Whittle T. , Lobbezoo F. , Peck C.C. , Murray G.M.
Published: December 2012

Some management strategies for chronic orofacial pain are influenced by models ( e.g., Vicious Cycle Theory, Pain Adaptation Model) proposing either excitation or inhibition within a painful muscle. The aim of this study was to determine if experimental painful stimulation of the masseter muscle resulted in only increases or only decreases in masseter activity. Recordings of single-motor-unit (SMU, basic functional unit of muscle) activity were made from the right masseters of 10 asymptomatic participants during biting trials at the same force level and direction under infusion into the masseter of isotonic saline (no-pain condition), and in another block of biting trials on the same day, with 5% hypertonic saline (pain condition). Of the 36 SMUs studied, 2 SMUs exhibited a significant ( p < 0.05) increase, 5 a significant decrease, and 14 no significant change in firing rate during pain. Five units were present only during the no-pain block and 10 units during the pain block only. The findings suggest that, rather than only excitation or only inhibition within a painful muscle, a re-organization of activity occurs, with increases and decreases occurring within the painful muscle. This suggests the need to re-assess management strategies based on models that propose uniform effects of pain on motor activity.
New Paradigms on the Transport Functions of Maturation-stage Ameloblasts
Authors: Lacruz R.S. , Smith C.E. , Kurtz I. , Hubbard M.J. , Paine M.L.
Published: December 2012

Fully matured dental enamel is an architecturally and mechanically complex hydroxyapatite-based bioceramic devoid of most of the organic material that was essential in its making. Enamel formation is a staged process principally involving secretory and maturation stages, each associated with major changes in gene expression and cellular function. Cellular activities that define the maturation stage of amelogenesis include ion ( e.g., calcium and phosphate) transport and storage, control of intracellular and extracellular pH ( e.g., bicarbonate and hydrogen ion movements), and endocytosis. Recent studies on rodent amelogenesis have identified a multitude of gene products that appear to be linked to these cellular activities. This review describes the main cellular activities of these genes during the maturation stage of amelogenesis.
Do Korean Immigrant Adolescents Experience Stress-Related Growth During Stressful Intergroup Contact and Acculturation?
Authors: Kim Junhyoung , Suh Wonseok , Heo Jinmoo
Published: December 2012

Asian immigrant adolescents have a difficult time adapting to unfamiliar customs and cultural values as well as interacting with other ethnic groups. During intergroup contacts and acculturation, Asian immigrant adolescents have negative experiences such as discrimination experiences, intergroup anxiety, interracial tension, and limited social support. In spite of such stressful and negative life experiences, some research has shown that individuals may develop the ability to thrive or grow from stressful life events. Using grounded theory, we explored the characteristics of positive psychological changes that occurred as the result of stressful intergroup contacts and acculturation from the perspective of Korean immigrant adolescents. We captured three main themes related to stress-related growth: (a) psychological thriving, (b) cultural and ethnic understandings, and (c) culturally attuned relationships. This finding implies that stressful intergroup contacts and acculturation provide an opportunity in which Korean immigrant adolescents develop coping abilities and enhance a sense of personal growth.
Zhi Mian and “Oistros” of Life
Authors: Dallas Evy , Georganda Evgenia Theodora , Harisiadis Alex , Zymnis-Georgalos Katerina
Published: December 2012

“Oistros,” or oestrus, or estrus, is a concept with many meanings and implications. In ancient Greece oestrus was a gadfly that stung animals and drove them to react. Socrates was the first to use the image allegorically in describing himself as a gadfly that awakens people from their lethargy and laziness. It is connected with the passion for life, with creativity, and an awakening from the indolence of everyday living. It is also directly associated with the female reproductive cycle via the estrogens related to pregnancy and childbirth. It is thus related to the ideas of attraction, union, and creation in general, as well as to spiritual, mental, and psychic elation, enthusiasm, and inspiration. “Zhi Mian” is a concept that the Chinese Institute for Existential Psychology introduced to the existential community a few years ago. It means to “face life directly” and to have the courage to look at our existential issues with no pretenses. This is similar to the concept of “oistros” evolved by “gignesthai,” the Hellenic Association for Existential Psychology, that is, to the awareness and awakening that promote change and turn life into an intense and meaningful experience. When stung by death awareness, we give greater importance to life by realizing our time limitations and are not wasting time as if we were eternal. “Oistros” leads to a life full of passion, energy, and creativity, helping us to achieve the Epicurean dictum that “To live well and to die well is the same task.”
The Impact of Spatial Mismatch on Residents in Low-income Housing Neighbourhoods: A Study of the Guangzhou Metropolis, China
Authors: Zhou Suhong , Wu Zhidong , Cheng Luping
Published: December 2012

This article verifies the hypothesis that a spatial mismatch between jobs and housing exists in two typical low-income housing neighbourhoods, Tangxia and Tongde, in Guangzhou city, where surveys were undertaken. The research shows that the types of residents in Tangxia and Tongde have changed significantly during the past few years. Housing types transferred comprise subsidised rental housing, commercial housing and private lease housing. At the same time, the jobs–housing mismatch among residents in subsidised rental and commercial houses has become striking. The mechanisms responsible for the mismatch vary from a passive process for residents in subsidised rental housing to an active process for those in commercial housing. In comparison, private lease housing residents do not experience a jobs–housing mismatch. This result shows that, with the interaction of the legacy of the socialist land and housing market with the new market-orientated system, government still plays an important role in housing supply. This is especially so for low-income families, who face a ‘passive’ jobs–housing relocation and mismatch, while the market-orientated parts of the system play an active role in people’s job–housing relocation.
Architecture of Descent
Authors: Sezneva Olga
Published: December 2012

The focus of this article is on the relationship between history, identity, and architectural design in a city defined by dispossession and displacement. The former German Königsberg, today’s Russian Kaliningrad, was annexed, repopulated, and rebuilt during the postwar Soviet period. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 cast a critical light on this annexation, and problematized the belonging of the city to Russia by territorially cutting it off. Using two urban designs of historicized architecture that developed recently in the city, this article revisits the specific interface between urban history and the material forms that it takes. The against-the-grain case of Kaliningrad, where the relationship between people and the city demands constant reinterpretation, points to a distinct role that made-appear historical architecture sometimes plays, and demonstrates different selective and expressive processes that enable it. To make sense of the findings, the article develops a new subcategory within a more general notion “heritage”: the architecture of descent. It is especially applicable in cases of disrupted urban development and repossession.
Sesame Oil Accelerates Healing of 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid–Induced Acute Colitis by Attenuating Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Periasamy Srinivasan , Hsu Dur‐Zong , Chandrasekaran Victor Raj Mohan , Liu Ming‐Yie
Published: December 2012

Background: Sesame oil is a component of traditional health food in Asian countries. Acute colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel. The precise etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is believed that an abnormal host response to endogenous antigens causes initial tissue injury with amplification of the immune response. We investigated the protective effect of sesame oil against 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)–induced acute colitis in rats. Methods: Rats were intracolonically instilled with TNBS (120 mg/kg) using a cannula to induce colitis and then orally gavaged with sesame oil (4 mL/kg for 7 days) to attenuate TNBS‐induced acute colitis. The acute colitis activity index (ACAI) was assessed using the colon weight/length ratio (mg/cm), thickness, extension of lesion, diarrhea, and macroscopic and microscopic damage scores. In addition, the degree of inflammation, mucins, and fibrosis was assessed by measuring mast cells, CD68+ cells, neutral mucin, acidic mucin, collagen, and laminin on day 8 after inducing acute colitis. Results: All tested parameters except neutral mucins were significantly higher in TNBS‐induced acute colitis. Sesame oil significantly decreased the degree of inflammation, fibrosis, and acidic mucin and increased neutral mucin. Conclusion: We conclude that sesame oil accelerates the healing of an inflamed colon by inhibiting inflammation, acidic mucin, and fibrosis in TNBS‐induced acute colitis in rats.
The personal and interpersonal rewards of communal orientation
Authors: Le Bonnie M. , Impett Emily A. , Kogan Aleksandr , Webster Gregory D. , Cheng Cecilia
Published: December 2012

People high in communal orientation care for the welfare of others based on others’ needs and desire similar care for themselves. The current study investigates the personal and interpersonal rewards associated with individual differences in communal orientation. We hypothesized that communally oriented people experience rewards from the positive emotion they feel from caring for others. Results from a 4-week daily experience study ( N = 232) indicated that communally oriented people experienced greater self-esteem, greater satisfaction and love in their relationships, and greater love for humanity in daily life. These associations were mediated by greater daily positive emotion and the results were unique to tendencies to give care rather than the desire to receive it. We discuss implications for prosociality and well-being in close relationships and beyond.
TP53 Intronic Mutations in Bovine Enzootic Hematuria–Associated Urinary Bladder Tumors
Authors: Sasani F. , Baghban F. , Brujeni G. H. Nikbakht , Kazemi M.
Published: December 2012

Tumor protein 53 ( TP53) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in urinary bladder tumors in both humans and animals. In cattle, urinary bladder tumors have been reported as occurring spontaneously as well as in conjunction with bracken fern consumption-induced bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). The goal of this study was to evaluate various types of bovine urinary bladder neoplasms for the presence of TP53 alterations, using the polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. DNA was extracted from both epithelial and mesenchymal urinary bladder tumor samples in cattle, associated with the chronic consumption of bracken fern. PCR was performed using primers targeted to exons 5 to 8, following electrophoresis and isolation, and the products were assessed by SSCP. Tumors in which alterations in the electrophoresis patterns were noted included hemangiomas, papillomas, and carcinomas in situ. Exemplars of these tumor types were selected for sequencing, and although no changes were noted in the 5 to 8 exon range, on either side of the designed primers for exon 6, there was some portion of intron 6 in which sequencing demonstrated a deletion of the thyamine nucleotide at position 9332. In summary, although mutations were not observed within exons 5 to 8, this represents the first report of an intronic mutation in the TP53 gene in association with bovine urinary bladder tumors. Mutations within introns can predispose tissues to the development of cancer, and therefore, a possible association between mutations of the introns of TP53 and the development of urinary bladder tumors in cattle with BEH should be further investigated.
Replication of 2 Subtypes of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus of Duck and Gull Origins in Experimentally Infected Mallard Ducks
Authors: Daoust P.-Y. , van de Bildt M. , van Riel D. , van Amerongen G. , Bestebroer T. , Vanderstichel R. , Fouchier R. A. M. , Kuiken T.
Published: December 2012

Many subtypes of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus circulate in wild bird reservoirs, but their prevalence may vary among species. We aimed to compare by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, histology, and immunohistochemistry the distribution and pathogenicity of 2 such subtypes of markedly different origins in Mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos): H2N3 isolated from a Mallard duck and H13N6 isolated from a Ring-billed Gull ( Larus delawarensis). Following intratracheal and intraesophageal inoculation, neither virus caused detectable clinical signs, although H2N3 virus infection was associated with a significantly decreased body weight gain during the period of virus shedding. Both viruses replicated in the lungs and air sacs until approximately day 3 after inoculation and were associated with a locally extensive interstitial, exudative, and proliferative pneumonia. Subtype H2N3, but not subtype H13N6, went on to infect the epithelia of the intestinal mucosa and cloacal bursa, where it replicated without causing lesions until approximately day 5 after inoculation. Larger quantities of subtype H2N3 virus were detected in cloacal swabs than in pharyngeal swabs. The possible clinical significance of LPAI virus-associated pulmonary lesions and intestinal tract infection in ducks deserves further evaluation.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Classification of 41 Bovine Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Grossi A. B. , Leifsson P. S. , Jensen H. E. , Vainer B. , Iburg T.
Published: December 2012

Tumors of the adrenal glands are among the most frequent tumors in cattle; however, few studies have been conducted to describe their characteristics. The aim of this study was to classify 41 bovine adrenal neoplasms from 40 animals based on macroscopic and histologic examination, including electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for melan A, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, vimentin, pan-cytokeratin, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphohydrolase (CNPase), and Ki-67. The tumors were classified as 23 adrenocortical adenomas, 12 adrenocortical carcinomas, 2 schwannomas, 2 pheochromocytomas (1 malignant), and 1 ganglioneuroma. Five histologic features were characteristic of metastasizing adrenocortical tumors: invasion of the capsule, vascular invasion, diffuse growth pattern, spindle-cell morphology, and nuclear pleomorphism. Adrenocortical tumors with at least 3 of these features were classified as malignant. Immunohistochemically, adrenocortical tumors expressed melan A (16/19), vimentin (14/26), cytokeratin (11/26), and chromogranin A (9/27), whereas pheochromocytomas expressed chromogranin A (2/2), synaptophysin (2/2), and vimentin (1/2). Both schwannomas expressed CNPase. An immunohistochemistry panel consisting of antibodies against melan A, synaptophysin, and CNPase was considered most useful to classify bovine adrenal tumors. However, the distinction between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors was based on histologic features as in human medicine.
Differences in Beliefs and Behaviors Between Feminist Actual and Anticipated Mothers
Authors: Liss Miriam , Erchull Mindy J.
Published: December 2012

The transition to parenthood has been linked to an increase in traditional attitudes and behaviors. The goal of our study was to determine whether feminist mothers differed from feminist non-mothers on attitudes and behaviors related to motherhood. Self-labeled feminist mothers ( n = 344) and non-mothers who indicated that they wished to have children ( n = 361; anticipated mothers) were asked about their feminist beliefs, their actual or expected division of labor after they had children, and actual or expected child surname choices. Results indicated that liberal feminist beliefs were higher among anticipated mothers. Liberal feminist beliefs with a focus on equality in the workplace may not be as salient to mothers. Cultural feminist beliefs, however, were higher among actual mothers. Cultural feminism, which focuses on valuing care, communal traits, and the role of women as mothers, may be particularly appealing to mothers. Additionally, feminist anticipated mothers expected a more egalitarian division of labor than feminist mothers actually experienced. Finally, feminist anticipated mothers expected to make significantly more nontraditional name choices for their children than feminist mothers actually made. Feminist women may experience social pressures that are unanticipated by women who are not yet mothers. The impact of cultural feminism on feminist motherhood is also discussed.
Individuation or Identification? Self-Objectification and the Mother–Adolescent Relationship
Authors: Katz-Wise Sabra L. , Budge Stephanie L. , Lindberg Sara M. , Hyde Janet S.
Published: December 2012

Do adolescents model their mothers’ self-objectification? We measured self-objectification (body surveillance and body shame), body mass index, body esteem, and quality of the mother–adolescent relationship in 179 female and 162 male adolescents at age 15, as well as self-objectification in their mothers. Initial analyses indicated no improvement in model fit if paths were allowed to differ for females and males; therefore, a single model was tested for the combined sample. Findings revealed that mothers’ body surveillance negatively predicted adolescents’ body surveillance. Mothers’ body shame was unrelated to adolescents’ body shame but positively predicted adolescents’ body surveillance. Results for the relationship between mothers’ and adolescents’ self-objectification suggest that adolescents engaged in more individuation than modeling. A more positive mother–adolescent relationship predicted lower body shame and higher body esteem in adolescents, suggesting that the quality of the relationship with the mother may be a protective factor for adolescents’ body image. Mother–adolescent relationship quality did not moderate the association between mothers’ and adolescents’ self-objectification. These findings contribute to our understanding about the sociocultural role of parents in adolescents’ body image and inform interventions addressing negative body image in this age group. The quality of the mother–adolescent relationship is a clear point of entry for such interventions. Therapists should work with adolescents and their mothers toward a more positive relationship quality, which could then positively impact adolescents’ body image.
Entrepreneurial Risk Taking of Private Family Firms
Authors: Huybrechts Jolien , Voordeckers Wim , Lybaert Nadine
Published: December 2012

This article aims to increase our understanding of family firms’ entrepreneurial risk-taking behavior by looking at the differences between family and nonfamily firms and by studying variations among family firms. We find empirical support for a positive influence of a nonfamily CEO on the family firm’s level of entrepreneurial risk taking during the initial years of his or her CEO tenure and a leveling out of entrepreneurial risk taking as the CEO tenure of the nonfamily CEO is extended. We build on the concept of psychological ownership to explain these new findings.
Design and analysis of a piezoelectric film embedded smart cutting tool
Authors: Wang Chao , Rakowski Ricard , Cheng Kai
Published: December 2012

The condition of a cutting tool is an important factor for manufacturing processes. Tool wear has a strong influence on the cutting forces, resulting in poor surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. Therefore, the use of a dynamometer to measure cutting forces is a well-known approach, but it has several limitations such as high cost, poor performance in harsh industrial machining environments and possible interference with cutting dynamics. This article presents a novel smart cutting tool using a separate single-layer piezoelectric film as the sensing unit to detect the orthogonal cutting force. Simulations were performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed design, and the model was also able to detect better force measurement sensitivity. Furthermore, cutting trials were carried out to validate cutting tool performance experimentally.
Time-driven activity-based costing in a production planning environment
Authors: Bagherpour Morteza , Nia Afshin Kamyab , Sharifian Mehdi , Mazdeh Mohammad Mahdavi
Published: December 2012

Manufacturing managers are continuously trying to decrease production costs by focusing on activities and resource costs besides the relevant cost drivers. Through a case study, we show how to implement activity-based costing and time-driven activity-based costing techniques in a production planning problem environment. The results can significantly reduce production costs and improve manufacturing profitability index.
Mechanical constraint effect on residual stress and distortion in T-fillet welds by three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Aalami-aleagha M E , Eslampanah A H
Published: December 2012

Severe local heating and the mechanical constraints caused by the initial tack welding or clamping of parts to be arc-welded create undesirable residual stress or distortion in the parts. A three-dimensional model using a finite element method has been developed for the analysis of T-fillet welds with initially different tack-welded types. The temperature-dependent material properties, linear strain hardening, and Von-Mises yield criterion were applied in an uncoupled thermal and mechanical analyses, and the heat source of the weld has been modeled by a combination of volumetric and surface heat flux. The reliability of the modeling procedure has been verified with temperature, displacement, and residual stress measurements found in the literature and from experiments. The results show that the residual stresses and the extent of distortion are influenced by the type of constraint. The residual stress could be reduced but at the expense of enhanced distortion.
Manufacturing tolerance analysis based on the model of manufactured part and experimental data
Authors: Bui M Hien , Villeneuve François , Sergent Alain
Published: December 2012

Tolerance analysis has been the topic of many research publications in the recent past. It is a method to evaluate the quality of products in terms of functional tolerances. Most of the assessment procedures in process planning are based on trial-and-error runs, which are costly and time consuming. There is also a distinct lack of research focus in the area of process plan verification in which input variables are generated from experiments. This article first provides an overview of tolerance analysis. The limits of the previous studies are explored. A method to overcome problems in manufacturing tolerance analysis is then proposed. This method is based on the model of manufactured part and deviation domains to obtain mathematical formulations. These formulations are applied to manufacturing tolerance analyses in which experimental data are used as input variables. The results obtained are then used to verify process plans relative to functional tolerances or to identify achievable functional tolerances taking into account a given process plan and a given number of parts per million. A summary of the method used to obtain the experimental data is presented.
Transition angle, a novel concept for predicting the failure mode in orthotropic materials
Authors: Fakoor Mahdi , Rafiee Roham
Published: December 2012

In this article, transition angle, a new concept for predicting failure mode in orthotropic materials, has been proposed. This angle is introduced as a transition angle from fiber fracture mode to matrix one of orthotropic part. Theoretical calculation of this angle is performed using the concept of microcracks in crack tip damage zone. In order to ensure about the consistency of the proposed approach with the nature of the fracture phenomena in wood, the results obtained from theoretical method are put into contrast with those obtained from practical testing. Transition angle is usable in introducing a safe domain for an angle in loading vector to fiber direction at laminated composite materials and prevents catastrophic failure.
Load distribution in spline coupling teeth with parallel offset misalignment
Authors: Curà Francesca , Mura Andrea , Gravina Michele
Published: December 2012

In spline couplings, torque is theoretically transmitted by all teeth, supporting the same loading level. In practice, due to manufacturing and mounting errors, not all teeth transmit the same amount of torque and as a result an overloading condition may occur. In traditional design practice, this uneven load sharing between teeth is often neglected or taken into account by means of a simplified approach. In this article, a theoretical method, non-finite element method based, is developed in order to determine both exact number of engaging teeth and shared forces in involute spline couplings with parallel offset errors. The described process consists of an iterative procedure, in which algorithm is divided into three main modules: the first one aims to calculate geometrical parameters, the second one analytically determines both deformation and stiffness of teeth and the third one calculates the actual number of engaging teeth and the shared load. The algorithm has been benchmarked against finite element method results, showing a very good agreement.
Independent Effects of Adaptation and Attention on Perceived Speed
Authors: Anton-Erxleben Katharina , Herrmann Katrin , Carrasco Marisa
Published: December 2012

Adaptation and attention are two mechanisms by which sensory systems manage limited bioenergetic resources: Whereas adaptation decreases sensitivity to stimuli just encountered, attention increases sensitivity to behaviorally relevant stimuli. In the visual system, these changes in sensitivity are accompanied by a change in the appearance of different stimulus dimensions, such as speed. Adaptation causes an underestimation of speed, whereas attention leads to an overestimation of speed. In the two experiments reported here, we investigated whether the effects of these mechanisms interact and how they affect the appearance of stimulus features. We tested the effects of adaptation and the subsequent allocation of attention on perceived speed. A quickly moving adaptor decreased the perceived speed of subsequent stimuli, whereas a slow adaptor did not alter perceived speed. Attention increased perceived speed regardless of the adaptation effect, which indicates that adaptation and attention affect perceived speed independently. Moreover, the finding that attention can alter perceived speed after adaptation indicates that adaptation is not merely a by-product of neuronal fatigue.
Persistent Rotating Shift Work Exposure Is a Tough Second Hit Contributing to Abnormal Liver Function Among On-Site Workers Having Sonographic Fatty Liver
Authors: Lin Yu-Cheng , Chen Pau-Chung
Published: December 2012

To investigate the relationship between elevated serum alanine-transaminase (e-ALT) and persistent rotating shift work (p-RSW) among employees with sonographic fatty liver (SFL), the authors performed a retrospective analysis on a cohort of electronics manufacturing workers. The records of 758 workers (507 men, 251 women) with initially normal ALT and a mean age of 32.9 years were analyzed. A total of 109 workers (14.4%) developed e-ALT after 5 years. Compared with those having neither initial SFL nor p-RSW exposure, multivariate analysis indicated that employees who had initial SFL but without p-RSW finally had a higher risk (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-5.1) for developing e-ALT; workers with baseline SFL plus p-RSW had a 3.7-fold increased risk (95% CI = 1.8-7.5). SFL poses a conspicuous risk for the development of e-ALT, and persistent p-RSW exposure significantly aggravates the development of e-ALT among on-site workers with preexisting SFL.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in (bianisotropic) magnetoelectric materials
Authors: Keller Scott M , Carman Gregory P
Published: December 2012

The propagation of electromagnetic plane waves in linear magnetoelectric materials is studied. The wave equation is derived as a generalized two-dimensional eigenvalue problem, and a method of calculating the propagating wave modes is presented. An analytic dispersion relation for general bianisotropic materials is given. Additionally, an analytic model is presented, which decomposes electric and magnetic fields into coupled and uncoupled components. This model provides a methodology for characterizing the coupled field parameters in terms of the polarizations induced by cross-coupling effects in magnetoelectric materials. From this formulation, the interactions of applied fields in magnetoelectric materials are contrasted with conventional material counterparts. This is then used to characterize the fields in terms of polarizations induced by the uncoupled components and cross-coupling parameters. Reciprocal and nonreciprocal configurations of magnetoelectric materials are identified. The similarities and differences of nonreciprocal magnetoelectric materials to Faraday materials are described. Directional dependence of the propagating modes is shown graphically and described.
An investigation of tensile behavior of magnetorheological fluids under different magnetic fields
Authors: Wang Hongyun , Bi Cheng , Zhang Zhonghua , Kan Junwu , Gao Chunfu
Published: December 2012

Stress–strain relationships of magnetorheological fluids under tension tests have been studied over a wide applied magnetic field being generated by a coil carrying different magnitudes of direct current electrical current range. Five tensile behaviors of magnetorheological fluids have been described and explained by structure strengthening effect and decreasing magnetic field strength. The results showed that magnetorheological fluid corresponded to the changes in tensile stress due to the changes in magnetic field. Normalized tensile stress and normalized magnetic field have been proposed to clearly demonstrate the nature of structure strengthening effect during elongation. Under a constant normalized magnetic field, the change of the normalized tensile stress indicated the change of the structure parameter, which showed the existence of structure strengthening effects during elongation. Corresponding to the tensile behavior change, the exponent of tensile yield stress versus magnetic field was also found to vary in different magnetic field ranges.
Quantitative investigation in distributed sensing of structural defects with Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry
Authors: Motamedi M Hosein , Feng Xin , Zhang Xiaotan , Sun Changsen , Ansari Farhad
Published: December 2012

Distributed sensing offers great promise in structural health monitoring of bridges and other types of critical structures. Over the years, a number of different Brillouin scattering–based systems have been developed for distributed sensing, including sensors based on the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer. This study pertains to the quantitative characterization of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer–based sensors for monitoring of distributed strains and detection of defects. This study involved experiments involving a 15-m-long beam and simulated defects. In the experiments, the effect of strain localization at the defect sites was masked by the low spatial resolution of the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer. The Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer–measured response was evaluated by numerical modeling of the beam. Computation of the flexural strains involved a hybrid approach in which the experimentally determined degraded stiffnesses of the defect zones were employed in the finite element model. Unlike the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer–measured strains, finite element model analysis of the beam indicated formation of sharp peaks in the strain distributions at the locations of the defects. The effects of these measurement errors were numerically quantified by separating them from the influence of the spatial resolution errors.
Increasing Knowledge of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Baker Charlene K. , Gleason Kristen , Naai Rachel , Mitchell Jennifer , Trecker Christine
Published: December 2012

Objective: Child sexual abuse is a significant health problem with potential long-term consequences for victims. Therefore, prevention and education programs are critical. This preliminary study evaluates changes in children’s knowledge of sexual abuse using a school-based train-the-trainer curriculum. Emphasis was placed on developing a curriculum that considered the unique cultural context in Hawai‘i. Method: School staff who had been trained on how to implement the My Body, My Boundaries curriculum, which targets the third to fifth grade, were invited to participate in the study. Three schools agreed; students in third grade classrooms in two schools received the curriculum and students in the third school served as the comparison. Result: Children in intervention schools significantly increased their knowledge of appropriate and inappropriate touch and what to do if they experience sexual abuse. Conclusion: Findings suggest the utility of a train-the-trainer model in social work practice to address sensitive topics such as child sexual abuse.
The Campbell Collaboration’s Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Online Training Videos
Authors: Polanin Joshua R. , Pigott Terri D.
Published: December 2012

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are techniques for synthesizing primary empirical studies to produce a summary of effects. To facilitate this goal, the Campbell Collaboration (C2) supports reviews within the disciplines of crime and justice, education, international development, and social welfare. At the annual Campbell Colloquium, experts on systematic review and meta-analysis provide introductory and advanced methodological training to researchers and practitioners. The C2 has filmed the training sessions and offers access to these videos, free of charge, on their website. The purpose of this article is to provide some background on the C2 and to introduce the presentations available on their website.
Effect of Nutritional Support on Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer in a Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Amano Koji , Morita Tatsuya , Baba Mika , Kawasaki Muneyoshi , Nakajima Shinichiro , Uemura Minako , Kobayashi Yuka , Hori Moeko , Wakayama Hiroshi
Published: December 2012

The role of nutritional support on terminally ill patients with cancer in a palliative care unit has not been clarified. A total of 63 patients were retrospectively investigated; the patients receiving individualized nutritional support (intervention group [n = 22]) were compared to the others (control group [n = 41]). The intervention group received individualized nutritional support. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of patients between the groups. The prevalence of bedsores was significantly lower in the intervention group (14% vs 46%, P = .012). The prevalence of edema and the use of antibiotic therapies tended to be lower in the intervention group than in the control group (36% vs 54%, P = .19; 14% vs 27%, P = .34, respectively). Some terminally ill patients with cancer in a palliative care unit might benefit from nutritional support.