bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical characterization of water and metallic contamination of Mytilus galloprovincialis in the coastal zone of Saidia
Authors: Kasmi Khaoula , Belhaj Kamal , Chafi Abdelhafid
Published: August 2021

Water is a vital natural resource for life. The metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is increasing due to the effects of urbanization and industrialization. As a result, heavy metals contamination has become a serious threat to public health because of their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in the food chain. This investigation aims to evaluate seawater's Physico-chemical quality and assess the contamination risks of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels by Cadmium, Zinc, Iron, and Copper. The study was carried out in three stations of Saidia coast during July 2019. The seawater was analyzed for its Physico-chemical parameters, and ICP-AES determined the heavy metals content in mussels. The results show that the tested water has a pH value ranging between 7.48-7.62 with nitrate and nitrite content range between 0-4.78 mg/L, 0.007-0.181 mg/L, respectively. The recorded water conductivity and oxydability values ranged from 22 to 55 mS/cm and from 5.67 to 10.47 mg/L. The mean concentration found in the mussels were in decreasing order, Iron (13.5 mg/kg), Zinc (2.3 mg/kg), Copper (0.65 mg/kg) and Cadmium (0.02 mg/kg), respectively. The obtained results indicate that all values are below the threshold recommended by Food and agriculture organization and world health organization.
Ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L; effect of different microalgae diets and ration on broodstock conditioning
Authors: Drissou Hidaya , Ouagajjou Yassine , Aghzar Adil
Published: August 2021

Three diets based on three microalgae species (Tetraselmi ssuecica, Isochrysis galbana, and Chaetoceros calcitrans) and three feeding rations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used to understand the ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during Broodstock conditioning. Generally, mussels increase their consumption regarding food availability for all diets, and it is evident that the highest consumption was recorded with a feed ratio of 3%. During the study, I. galbana and C. calcitrans strains show the high consumption (1.58 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) and (1.58µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) compared with T. suecica (1.542 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.023) recorded at 3% food ration of monospecific diets. Same results were recorded for ingestion but with great learning for I. galbana in triscpecific diet (0.70 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.052) compared to C. calcitrans(0.36 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.037) and T. suecica (0.25 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.126), respectively.The analysis of ANOVA has shown that both diet and food availability affect significantly the ingestion (F = 30.9, df = 2, p < 0.001 and F = 4.4, df = 6, p < 0.001) during mussel conditioning.
Feeding and growth coupling during different development larvae phases of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L. from Amsa Bay
Authors: El Moussaoui Mohamed Ali , Ouagajjou Yassine , Aghzar Adil , Ait Chattou El Mustafa , Saoud Younes , Nhhala Hassan
Published: August 2021

Spat supply for mussel farming in Morocco is essentially based on seed capture and collection from natural beds. However, natural irregularity recruitment in exploited areas and encountered difficulties during spat collection operations have led to develop and improve reproduction techniques under controlled conditions in hatcheries. The present study focused on the larvae phase aiming at assessing growth rate varies between different development stages. Trocophore larva stage had a size of 63.25 μm and reached the pedivilegere stage with a size of 272.56 μm in 18 culture days. Length growth was more significant than width growth for both H-batch and T-batch. For instance, larvae grew in terms of length quickly in H-batch than T-batch (11.10± 1.30 and 9.67 ± 1.17 μm day-1), and the same pattern was observed for T-batch larvae. Inversely, the total biomass consumed was higher during T-batch larvae rearing than H-batch ones. In contrast, the effect of feeding on growth was observed more significantly for H-batch larvae (t=7.55, df=23, p<0.001) than T-batch ones (t=4.13, df=23, p<0.001). However, the specific feeding effect was revealed higher for I. galbana for both batches rather than C. calcitrans and T. suecica. However, the larvae growth reduction is linked to the beginning of tissue synthesis.
Applying Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for surface condition indicators modeling of a flexible pavement
Authors: Mehdi Mohammed Amine , Cherradi Taoufik , El Karkouri Said , Qachar Ahmed
Published: August 2021

In Morocco, as in all world countries, deteriorating road conditions, increasing traffic loads, and decreasing funds have presented a complex management challenge for the road maintenance and rehabilitation process. Hence the need to assess the condition of the pavement network, decide on maintenance strategies, set rehabilitation priorities and implement a maintenance management system. In this regard, Geographic Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool for managing and analyzing data referenced to a geographic location, especially in the field of road infrastructure where information on pavement sections stored in textual databases can be linked by location and attribute in geographical maps. This paper presents a case study, explores the ability of a GIS to visualize the different levels of surface degradation of flexible pavement through the analysis of GIS surface indicator matrices and the reduction of road databases containing the results of the environmental inspection carried out in 2018 on a 50 km section of the Moroccan national road number 06 from KP 0+080 to KP 0+130, applying the Moroccan method carried out by the Moroccan National Center for Road Studies and Research. These thematic maps can justify a budgetary request for the investment of public funds and help in maintenance decisions.
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of coastal sediments in Al-Hoceima Bay (Central Rif, Morocco)
Authors: Lamgharbaj Mustapha , El Ansari Rachid , El Talibi Hajar , El Moussaoui Said , Cherkaoui Dekkaki Hinde , Etebaai Issam
Published: August 2021

This work aims to characterize the morphosedimentaty dynamics of the shores of Al-Hoceima Bay through geochemical and mineralogical analysis of surface sediments. The results reveal a direct relationship between marine hydrodynamic forcing on the one hand and detrital inputs from land on the other. Calcimetric analysis makes it possible to highlight the transport and deposition processes at the beaches of Al-Hoceima bay. The difference in the reasonably high carbonate contents in the western beaches (Isli, Cala Bonita and Quemado) (> 60%) and low in the beaches of the central and eastern zone (Sfiha, Souani, Salina and Lharch) (≈ 15%) are mainly due to the influence of coastal currents, littoral drift, and fluvial action. The higher levels of heavy minerals in Lharch beach (18%) are expressed by volcanic outcrops of Cap Quelates and Jbel Tamsamen. The low values at the Souani and Tayth beaches (7% on average) are due to erosion by the two types of coastal drift, NW-SE and NNE-SSW, which carry the sediments of schist origin brought by the Oueds Ghiss and Nekôr. In contrast, the reasonably high contents in the Sfiha beach (12%) are attributed to the accumulation of allochthonous sediments by NW-SE littoral drift which carries sediments of volcanometamorphic origin from Rass Quelates.
Modeling and Mapping of coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion using SEAWAT code and GALDIT index technique: the case of the Rmel aquifer – Larache, Morocco
Authors: El Hamidi Mohamed Jalal , Larabi Abdelkader , Faouzi Mohamed
Published: August 2021

The study area of Rmel-O. Ogbane aquifer, located in the north of Morocco, currently faces major water challenges related to the sustainable management of water resources. Climate change and Sea-Level-Rise can increase the risks and costs of water resources management and impact water resources' quantity and quality. Hence, for planning and management, an integrated approach is developed for linking climate models and groundwater models to investigate future impacts of climate change on groundwater resources. Climate projections show an increase in temperature of about 0.45 °C and a reduction in precipitation of 16.7% for 2016-2050. Simulations of seawater intrusion corresponding to various combinations of groundwater extraction predicted climate change and sea-level-rise show that the area will be contaminated on the NW sector of the coastal part. The toe would reach about 5.2 km inland and intrude on high salinity (15–25g/l). Beyond these zones, the contamination of the aquifer will be limited. Moreover, these results were confirmed by the application of the GALDIT method. They reveal that the fringe littoral areas of the aquifer are the most affected by seawater intrusion, with a high risk in the north-western part of the study area.
Mechanical Chuck Design and Slip Strength Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhi
Published: August 2021

Chuck is one of the key parts of coal mine tunnel drill, its performance directly affects the performance of the machine. In view of the existing problems of the hydraulic chuck, the structure of the new hydraulic chuck is designed and its working principle is briefly described. The strength of slips is analyzed by finite element method. The calculation results show that the initial design of slips meets the requirements of tunnel drilling rigs.
Study on Fatigue Strength of Main Anti-collision Structure of Main Pier
Authors: Wang Jifeng , Guan Liangchao , Ge Jing
Published: August 2021

In order to improve the efficiency of water transport, avoid energy waste and protect the environment of the ocean and river, the protection of large transport vessels is particularly important. With the continuous development of waterway regulation and the continuous improvement of navigation conditions, the number of ships sailing in the Yinzhouhu section is increasing, and the risk of bridges being hit by ships is also gradually increasing. There are two common ways of bridge anti-collision: independent anti-collision system and its own anti-collision system. The former often adopts the form of independent anti-collision pier, which is generally used in the anti-collision area of old bridges, New bridges generally do not use this method, the latter mainly uses the method of improving the structural firmness of piers to achieve anti-collision, which is the most commonly used and more economical anti-collision method at present. In order to select a more reasonable standard of ship impact force and lay out reasonable anti-collision facilities, the anti-collision facilities of left branch main pier (55, 56) and right branch main pier (76, 77) of ZhongKai Yinzhouhu super-large bridge are studied and designed to provide reference for bridge design.
Study on Discrimination Model of Water Inrush Source in Binhuang Mining Area of China
Authors: Gao Ying , Li Tao , Liu Hongyang
Published: August 2021

Groundwater flow into the mine by coal mining, which threatens the safety of coal mine. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the source of the water flowing into the coal mine. Taking binhuang mining area in Shaanxi Province as the research background, the discrimination models of six water inrush sources had been studied. The composition of 256 water samples was determined and the water quality characteristics of 6 water sources were analyzed. Fisher linear discriminant function model was established by selecting 9 indexes of water quality components. By testing the discriminant effect, it is considered that the probability of K1L aquifer misjudging as Q aquifer and surface water is high, and the misjudgment rate is 30.4%. Combined with the analysis of geological conditions, it is considered that K1L aquifer has a good hydraulic connection with Q aquifer and surface water. Aiming at the problem of misjudgment, the neural network analysis model is used, and the misjudgment rate is reduced to 0%.
A Hybrid Fire Warning Model Based on Cellular Automata
Authors: Lin Jiayang , Fan Qiang , Lu Jie , Peng Yuhui , Sun Wencheng
Published: August 2021

The rapid development of cities and the increasing complexity of its internal structure have led to pressing fire security problems, which calls for an effective and accurate comprehensive fire warning model. Most existing fire warning models predict only for a single fire scenario and can hardly balance the speed and accuracy in their predictions, which are not suitable for large-scale scenarios with complex structures. This paper proposes a fire warning model that includes both forest and building area based on Cellular Automata. Experimental areas were established to simulate fire warning according to the proposed hybrid model. The experimental results have shown that the model can quickly and accurately simulate the fire spread process and provide effective support for emergency decision-making in complex scenarios.
Analysis of Landslide Stability Based on the Morgenstern-Price Method
Authors: Fan Qiang , Lin Jiayang , Sun Wencheng , Lu Jie , Chen Peihua
Published: August 2021

The landslide is a kind of natural disaster caused by slope instability. Due to its wide distribution, frequent occurrence, and damaging effects, many countries in the world suffer from it. Sichuan Province in China is a landslide-prone area since it locates in the seismic zone. In this paper, the Morgenstern-Price method is used to analyze the stability of a landslide in Sichuan Province, and heavy rainfall is also simulated to analyze the landslide stability under such conditions, which can provide assistance for geological disaster prevention in the future.
Study on Preparation of Perforated Plate and Biofilm Colonization for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Chang-Jung , Liu Han , Li Jiehua , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2021

At present, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is mainly based on the solidification agent and then landfilled. How to make the fly ash harmless and reuse it will become an important step in the circular economy. In this study, the fly ash was treated by water extraction and milling to remove the soluble chloride ions and stabilize the heavy metals, and then the perforated plate was prepared by adjusting the composition and sintering technology. Research on biofilm colonization on the perforated plates is expected to achieve the purpose of stabilizing and recycling the fly ash. The fly ash is subjected to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 with two-stage water extraction, 2h ball milling, and then mixed at a mass ratio of waste glass powder, Palygorskite powder and the milled fly ash of 7:2:1, and calcined at 850°C for 20 minutes to prepare perforated plate. The results show that the prepared perforated plate has a rough surface, developed internal porosity, and its water absorption rate is 19.5%. The perforated plate is used as the biofilm carrier to be applied to the biological contact oxidation tank, and the natural biofilm colonization method is adopted for the 36-day biofilm culture. The average growth rate of the biofilm on the perforated plate reached 672.22 mg/(L·d), and the maximum microbial biomass was 12.1g/L.
Study on the Adsorption Performance of Various Adsorbents on Hazardous and Noxious Substances
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Chang Wen , Tian Yujun
Published: August 2021

Hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) leakage from ship accidents has been one of the major sources of ship pollutions. Due to the varieties of HNS, the complexity of physical and chemical properties, the harmfulness of potential accidents, and the difficulty of accident prevention, HNS leakage could cause huge social and environmental impacts. HNS emergency response methods and technologies are currently in the early and exploring stage. As a big HNS import and export country with the increasing transportation volume, the risk of HNS pollution accidents in the ports has been significantly increasing over the recent years. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the HNS response technology, especially to the adsorption performance of various adsorbents against HNS. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the degree of adsorption of different adsorbents by selecting the representative HNS, which are commonly transported in the volume, for example, benzene, styrene, and vegetable oil. For inert substances with low saturated vapor pressure (vegetable oil and styrene), the degree and rate of adsorption of the investigated materials were found to be inversely proportional to the mass per unit area (area density). Moreover, these investigated adsorbents were shown to exhibit a good adsorption retention rate against inert substances. This study can provide the technical standard to select the most suitable adsorbents for the relevant HNS leakage.
Microanalysis of the Substances in Positive and Negative Electrodes of a LiMn2O4 Battery for Road Vehicles under Over-charge and Over-discharge
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Liu Jun , Gu Zhengjian , Xiao Haiqing , Zhu Yusong , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2021

With an 11Ah LiMn2O4 battery as the object of study, through disassembling the battery after normal charge and normal discharge as well as over-charge and over-discharge, and using such methods as x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, this study explores the micro-changes that happened to the material for the anode and cathode of this lithium battery after over-charge and over-discharge, and provides the measures to prevent batteries from charge and discharge, so as to avoid potential safety problems during the use of lithium batteries.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Liquid Holding Capacity of Eeddy Current Tools
Authors: Du Xiaolei , Tian Jihong , Yao Fengsheng
Published: August 2021

In view of the problems existing in the field application of eddy current tools, the research on eddy current tools drainage gas recovery was carried out.Based on Fluent software and ground experiments, the optimal structure size of the eddy current drainage gas production tool is determined as follows: the wing height of the helix is 1.5mm, the diameter of the helix is 50mm, the wing width of the helix is 2mm, and the helix Angle is 55°, which provides reference for field application.
Study on the Influence of the New Type of Powder Metallurgy Ti-Al-Nb Alloy Hot Press Sintering Process on the Microstructure
Authors: Fang Shuang , Zhang Mincong , Yu Qiuying , Xiong Huaping
Published: August 2021

Based on the hot-pressing sintering process, the kinetics of hot-pressing sintering crystal grain growth and the hot-pressing sintering densification kinetics, the mixing ratio of the raw material powder and the hot-pressing sintering system are designed. The pressure is maintained at 30 MPa from the temperature rise to the end of the sintering process, and wait until the temperature reaches the corresponding hot pressing sintering temperature (1200°C~1400°C), keep the corresponding time for 1.5h~4.5h, stop heating and depressurize, and the alloy billet is cooled to room temperature with the furnace. The main phases of Ti2AlNb powder and hot pressing sintering process are TiAl and Ti3Al.
The Design of Automatic Batching Device for Anaerobic Fermentation of Fresh Kitchen Waste in Community
Authors: Fang Shijie , Li Wuyingni , Li Xurong , Jiang Haoyuan , Zhang Chenhao , Wu Yuxuan , Ma Donghe
Published: August 2021

In this paper, according to the real situation of the treatment of fresh kitchen waste in large and medium-sized communities, and combined with the study that fresh waste can be converted into environmental protection enzyme by anaerobic fermentation, a community fresh kitchen waste treatment device which can automatically complete feed transportation, proportioning ingredients, self-fermentation and regular reminders is proposed.By using hydraulic device and moving pulley conveying chain, single chip microcomputer control, combined with weighing, flow, infrared, Ph detection and other sensing technology, the community kitchen waste automatic treatment, emission reduction and efficiency.
Der Hund mit Bewegungsstörung – Lahmheit oder Lähmung?
Authors: Hoffmann Susanne
Published: August 2021

Wenn sich Besitzer in der Praxis melden, weil ihr Tier nicht mehr richtig laufen kann, dann stellt
sich häufig die Frage: Ist es ein orthopädisches Problem, ein neurologisches Problem oder sogar
beides? Wie kann beides voneinander unterschieden werden und welche therapeutischen Maßnahmen
sind jeweils sinnvoll?
Schrödingers Katze
Authors: Börner Doris
Published: August 2021

Neulich war ich im Gespräch mit einem Quantenphysiker – wie ein
Ausflug in eine andere Welt. „Stell Dir vor, in einer Kiste befindet sich
eine Katze. Diese Katze ist gleichzeitig lebendig und tot, denn die
kohärente Überlagerung beider Zustände ist auch ein
möglicher Zustand.“ Aha?! Eine echte
„Blick-über-den-Tellerrand-Challenge“ und wie gesagt, eine
andere Welt. Oder am Ende doch dieselbe?
Faszination Faszie – Die
Fascia thoracolumbalis bei
Hunden mit Diskushernie
Authors: Ryser Manuela , Ryser-Inderbitzin Melchior
Published: August 2021

Faszien sind in aller Munde. Vormals als fast funktionslose
Bindegewebshüllen betrachtet wird diesen bemerkenswerten Fasern nun
immer mehr Beachtung geschenkt. In der Humanmedizin gilt die Fascia
thoracolumbalis bereits als möglicher Ursprungsort schmerzhafter
Prozesse. Die Autorin versucht mithilfe einer Studie im Rahmen einer
Masterarbeit zu klären, ob dies auch für den Hund zutreffen
könnte.
Repertorium der Phänomene:Neukonzeption eines vollständig in der Materia medica referenzierten Repertoriums mit phänomenbasierter Struktur und Bayes-Gradierung
Authors: Schäferkordt Rainer
Published: August 2021

Durch die vollständige Analyse der wichtigsten Werke der Materia medica und die Erstellung eines homöopathiespezifischen Thesaurus wurde ein neues Repertorium konzipiert. Neben der phänomenbasierten, dissoziierten Struktur ist es geprägt vom Bayes-Theorem, das die Herausarbeitung des §153-Grundsatzes ermöglicht.
Design and Characterization of a Fluorescent Reporter Enabling Live-cell Monitoring of MCT8 Expression
Authors: Graffunder Adina Sophie , Paisdzior Sarah , Opitz Robert , Renko Kostja , Kühnen Peter , Biebermann Heike
Published: August 2021

The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a specific thyroid hormone transporter and plays an essential role in fetal development. Inactivating mutations in the MCT8 encoding gene SLC16A2 (solute carrier family 16, member 2) lead to the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, a condition presenting with severe endocrinological and neurological phenotypes. However, the cellular distribution pattern and dynamic expression profile are still not well known for early human neural development.

Objective Development and characterization of fluorescent MCT8 reporters that would permit live-cell monitoring of MCT8 protein expression in vitro in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cell culture models.

Methods A tetracysteine (TC) motif was introduced into the human MCT8 sequence at four different positions as binding sites for fluorescent biarsenical dyes. Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells were transfected and stained with fluorescein-arsenical hairpin-binder (FlAsH). Counterstaining with specific MCT8 antibody was performed. Triiodothyronine (T3) uptake was indirectly measured with a T3 responsive luciferase-based reporter gene assay in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney 1 cells for functional characterization.

Results FlAsH staining and antibody counterstaining of all four constructs showed cell membrane expression of all MCT8 constructs. The construct with the tag after the first start codon demonstrated comparable T3 uptake to the MCT8 wildtype.

Conclusion Our data indicate that introduction of a TC-tag directly after the first start codon generates a MCT8 reporter with suitable characteristics for live-cell monitoring of MCT8 expression. One promising future application will be generation of stable hiPSC MCT8 reporter lines to characterize MCT8 expression patterns during in vitro neuronal development.
Dual Drainage of TAPVR—An Exquisite Connection
Authors: Satsangi Amitabh , Singh Dharmraj , Hote M. P.
Published: August 2021

Dual drainage or double-connection total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare variant in which all four pulmonary veins enter a common venous chamber that then drains into the systemic veins via two or more channels at the supracardiac, cardiac, or infra-cardiac levels. The traditional classification of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) does not categorize dual drainage separately.

We present a case of TAPVR with dual drainage in a 6-year-old child with a rare variety of connection.
Using the photoinduced L3 resonance shift in Fe and Ni as time reference for ultrafast experiments at low flux soft x-ray sources
Authors: Jana Somnath , Muralidhar Shreyas , Åkerman Johan , Schüßler-Langeheine Christian , Pontius Niko
Published: August 2021

We study the optical-pump induced ultrafast transient change of x-ray absorption at L3 absorption resonances of the transition metals Ni and Fe in the Fe0.5Ni0.5 alloy. We find the effect for both elements to occur simultaneously on a femtosecond timescale. This effect may hence be used as a handy cross correlation scheme, providing a time-zero reference for ultrafast optical-pump soft x-ray-probe measurement. The method benefits from a relatively simple experimental setup as the sample itself acts as time-reference tool. In particular, this technique works with low flux ultrafast soft x-ray sources. The measurements are compared to the cross correlation method introduced in an earlier publication.
Material considerations for the design of 2D/3D hot electron transistors
Authors: Turker Furkan , Rajabpour Siavash , Robinson Joshua A.
Published: August 2021

Combining two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) materials provides a unique route to enabling next-generation hot electron transistors (HETs)—a vertical ballistic device, promising for high-frequency applications since they are not limited by electron velocity saturation, fabrication limitations, or short channel effects. The early demonstrations of HETs suffered from poor material and interface qualities and thick device components. The revival of the HET, with a cut-off predicted frequency above 1 THz, can be correlated with the arrival of 2D materials. Here, we discuss HET operating principles, examine HET material architectures with and without tunneling barriers, and review heterostructure considerations. We discuss material and interface properties that control barrier and base performance and critically review recent 2D/3D HETs for tunneling efficiency, output current density, current gain, and output conductance. Finally, we provide an overview of 2D and 3D semiconductors that form Schottky barriers with graphene that may be utilized as a collector while considering the device physics and growth issues.
The effect of solid particle size and concentrations on internal flow and external characteristics of the dense fine particles solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pump under low flow condition
Authors: Wang Yanping , Li Weiqin , He Tielin , Han Chuanfeng , Zhu Zuchao , Lin Zhe
Published: August 2021

In the energy conversion device and fluid transport equipment, the solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pump occupies a large proportion, but the transport mechanism of dense fine particles has not been studied in detail. In this work, the solid–liquid two-phase flow in a centrifugal pump was numerically simulated by the mixture model. Two-phase performance tests with different particle concentrations and particle sizes at a low flow rate (0.6Qd) were conducted, and dimensionless analysis on the effect of particle concentrations and particle sizes on head and efficiency was conducted. The results show that the increase in particle size and particle concentration can increase the influence coefficient of head and efficiency and the influence of the two parameters on efficiency is greater than that on the head on the whole. The increase in particle size and concentration will lead to more uneven distribution of the solid volume fraction in the pump. The transport of dense fine particles absorbs a large amount of energy, which leads to the relative decrease in the kinetic energy of the liquid phase and inhibits the generation of the vortex in the impeller passage.
Reversible oxygen-induced p-doping of mixed-cation halide perovskites
Authors: Shin Dongguen , Zu Fengshuo , Koch Norbert
Published: August 2021

To fully unlock the potential of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) for use in optoelectronic devices, a comprehensive understanding of their electronic properties is in strong demand but presently lacking. This photoelectron spectroscopy study reveals that the thin films of three important mixed-cation/mixed-halide MHPs behave like intrinsic semiconductors with a very low defect concentration. The Fermi level position in the bandgap can be varied by almost 1 eV by choosing substrates of appropriate work function for samples that were handled under inert conditions. Upon oxygen exposure, two organic/inorganic-cation MHPs become strongly p-doped due to oxygen diffusion into the bulk, a process that is fully reversible when storing the samples in ultrahigh vacuum. In contrast, all-inorganic CsPbI1.8Br1.2 exhibits no electronic property changes upon oxygen exposure. Nonetheless, oxygen is found to effectively remove (light-induced) lead-related surface states of CsPbI1.8Br1.2.
Asymmetric boundary conditions and their relevance in minimal passive mass species transport in time-periodic electro-osmotic flows
Authors: Huang Hsin-Fu , Huang Kun-Hao , Kuo Ju-En
Published: August 2021

A set of dimensionless groups along with constraints on their values are formulated to serve as an indication of the parametric combinations, leading to minimal enhancement of streamwise passive species transport in time-periodic electro-osmotic microchannel flows with asymmetric hydrodynamic slip and zeta potential boundaries. While the slip lengths and zeta potentials are mostly treated as uncoupled in the electrokinetic transport literature, we incorporate into the analysis wall surface charge/potential coupled apparent slip lengths and find that more than one minimal enhancement instances may be achieved during a zeta potential sweep, provided that the uncharged surface slip length ratio is large enough.
Links between East Coast Lows and the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall along the eastern seaboard of Australia
Authors: Kiem Anthony S. , Twomey Callum , Lockart Natalie , Willgoose Garry , Kuczera George , Chowdhury AFM Kamal , Manage Nadeeka Parana , Zhang Lanying
Published: August 2021

East Coast Lows (ECLs) are intense low-pressure systems which occur over the subtropical east coasts of southern and northern hemisphere continents. ECLs are typically associated with gale force winds, large seas, storm surges, heavy rainfall and flooding. While ECL impacts are typically seen as negative the rainfall associated with ECLs is also very important for urban water security within the heavily populated eastern seaboard of Australia (ESA). This study investigates historical ECLs to gain insights into the timing, frequency, intensity and location of ECL occurrence as well as the magnitude and spatial extent of ECL impacts on rainfall. The different characteristics and impacts associated with different ECL sub-types are highlighted and it is proposed that this spatial and temporal variability in ECL behaviour at least partially explains why the ESA is hydroclimatically different to the rest of Australia and why different locations within the ESA have such different rainfall patterns—and therefore different levels of flood and drought risk. The-se insights are critical to the objectives of the New South Wales government funded Eastern Seaboard Climate Change Initiative (ESCCI), in particular Project 5 which focuses on the water security impacts of ECLs. The results of this work will be used to produce climate-informed stochastic daily rainfall simulations that are more realistic than existing stochastic rainfall simulation methods at preserving the statistics important for catchment-scale hydrology (e.g. clustering of extreme events, long-term persistence, frequency/duration/magnitude of wet and dry spells). These simulated rainfall sequences, that incorporate the spatial and temporal hydroclimatic variability caused by ECLs and other climate phenomena, are important inputs into the hydrological models used to determine current and future urban water security within the ESA.
Case study on the use of dynamically downscaled climate model data for assessing water security in the Lower Hunter region of the eastern seaboard of Australia
Authors: Lockart Natalie , Willgoose Garry , Kuczera George , Kiem Anthony S. , Chowdhury AFM Kamal , Manage Nadeeka Parana , Zhang Lanying , Twomey Callum
Published: August 2021

A key aim of the Eastern Seaboard Climate Change Initiative (ESCCI) is under-standing the effect of climate change on the eastern seaboard of Australia, and the implications for climate change adaptation in this area. The New South Wales (NSW) / Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Regional Climate Modelling project (NARCliM) has produced three dynamically downscaled reanalysis climate datasets along with 12 downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections of current (1990–2009) and future climate. It is expected that the NARCliM dataset will be used for many climate change impact studies including water security assessment. Therefore, in this study we perform a case study investigation into the usefulness and limitations of using NARCliM data for water security assessment, using the Lower Hunter urban water supply system managed by Hunter Water Corporation. We compare streamflow and reservoir levels simulated using NARCliM rainfall and a gridded historical rainfall dataset (AWAP) and focus our analysis on the differences in the simulated streamflow and reservoir levels. We show that when raw (i.e. not bias-corrected) NARCliM rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data is used to simulate streamflow and reservoir storage levels, some of the NARCliM datasets produce unrealistic results when compared with the simulations using AWAP; for example, some NARCliM datasets simulate reservoirs at or near empty while the AWAP reservoir simulations rarely drop below 60%. The bias-corrected NARCliM rainfall (corrected to AWAP) produces estimates of streamflow and reservoir levels that have a closer, but still inconsistent, match with the streamflow and reservoir levels simulated using AWAP directly. The inconsistency between the simulations using bias-corrected rainfall and historical AWAP rainfall is potentially because while bias-correction reduces systematic deviations it does not fix temporal rainfall sequencing issues. Additionally, the NARCliM PET is not bias-corrected and using bias-corrected rainfall with uncorrected PET in hydrological models results in physical inconsistencies in the rainfall-PET relationship and simulated streamflow. We demonstrate that rainfall plays a large role in the streamflow simulations, while PET seems to play a large role in the reasonableness of the simulated reservoir dynamics by determining the evaporation losses from the reservoirs. The downscaled GCM datasets that simulate the greatest average PET for 1990–2009 show reservoirs often (unrealistically) near empty. This study highlights the need to assess the validity of all climate data for the applications required, with a focus on long-term statistics for reservoir modelling and ensuring realism and coherence across all projected variables.
Coherent Potential Vorticity Maxima and Their Relationship to Extreme Summer Rainfall in the Australian and North African Tropics
Authors: Hoang Lam P. , Reeder Michael J. , Berry Gareth. J. , Schwendike Juliane
Published: August 2021

Extreme rainfall in the tropics is frequently linked with coherent synoptic-scale potential vorticity (PV) disturbances. Here, an objective technique is used to identify coherent synoptic-scale cyclonic PV maxima with a focus on those that occur during summer over the African and Australian tropics. These two regions are chosen for comparison because of their geographical and climatological similarities. In particular, in both regions oceans lie equatorward and extensive deserts lie pole-ward, a juxtaposition that produces a reversal in the mean north-south temperature gradient and, through thermal wind, a low level easterly jet.In general, in the lower troposphere there are more coherent PV maxima in the tropics in the summer hemisphere than the winter hemisphere. These coherent PV maxima generally move with the background flow in the lower troposphere. The largest meridional flux of coherent PV maxima lies along eastern Australia with about half of the coherent PV maxima generated through the filamentaton and eventual isolation of midlatitude PV. In contrast, in the north African tropics, coherent PV maxima are generated mostly in the tropics and move westward through the west African monsoon region.Composites based on the extreme rainfall days for two regions are broadly similar with large, statistically significant PV maxima to the east of the maximum positive rainfall anomalies. The vertical structures of the PV fields in the two regions reveal a cyclonic PV maximum in the mid-troposphere collocated with the maximum of diabatic heating. The composite horizontal wind structures in the Australian tropics show structures similar to mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), whereas in the African tropics, they are similar to easterly waves.
Meteorological drivers of extreme fire behaviour during the Waroona bushfire, Western Australia, January 2016
Authors: Peace Mika , McCaw Lachlan , Santos Bradley , Kepert Jeffrey D. , Burrows Neil , Fawcett Robert J. B.
Published: August 2021

The Waroona bushfire burnt 69,000 ha south of Perth in January 2016. During the first two days of the fire, there were two pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events and two destructive evening fire runs. Over 160 homes were destroyed and there were two fatalities. This case study examines in detail the links between the meteorological observations and the fire behaviour reconstruction.The first pyroCb developed on Wednesday 6 January 2016, when the fire made an unexpectedly fast run in light prevailing winds. The pyroCb produced lightning strikes that ignited a new fire downwind of the main head fire. A second pyroCb developed on Thursday morning, against normal diurnal thunderstorm trends. Similar to the previous evening, the fire spread faster than expected, given the near-surface meteorological conditions.On both evenings there were destructive ember storms over the towns of Waroona (Wednesday) and Yarloop (Thursday). Examination of the meteorological observations has linked these ember showers to the onset of downslope winds, locally known as `scarp winds'. As downslope winds are associated with strong localised turbulence, they provide a mechanism for transport of large numbers of firebrands.The periods of extreme fire behaviour at Waroona were against normal diurnal expectations and did not coincide with the highest observed Fire Danger Index (FDI) values, which occurred at around 1600 LT. This study links both pyroCb events to accelerated fire spread, which presents a hazard to firefighters that is not accounted for in traditional, surface based methods of fire prediction. Downslope winds similar to those that impacted the Waroona fire occur at many locations. They provide a highly localised mechanism for destructive evening ember showers.This investigation into the Waroona fire describes the potential impacts of fireatmosphere feedback processes. Consequently, it highlights the need for predictive methods and tools that anticipate fire behaviour which is not steady-state. Planned simulations using a coupled fire-atmosphere model will allow further insights into features of this case study.
Forgiveness through Writing
Authors: Crowley John Patrick , Denes Amanda , Ponivas Ambyre , Makos Shana , Whitt Joseph
Published: August 2021

Research has identified that writing can help individuals find forgiveness for their romantic partners in the wake of relational transgressions, but little is known about the actual narrative components that bring about changes in forgiveness. The current study sought to investigate the narrative components that contribute to month-long changes in forgiveness for romantic partners who have recently experienced a relational transgression. It also sought to uncover emotional and biological mechanisms that can help account for the associations between narrative components and forgiveness outcomes. The results revealed components of narratives that may both contribute to an increase and decrease in forgiveness over the course of one-month. Additionally, emotional expression and testosterone were identified as potential mediators and moderators of the associations between narrative components and changes in forgiveness.
Absidia corymbifera
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sarbhoy A. K.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Absidia corymbifera
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte in soil, compost and vegetable debris but also pathogenic for man and warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: This species is a common cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis'). Infection in man may involve the central nervous system (RMVM 1, 341), ear (1, 473) or lung (5, 159); see also Dodge (1936), p. 112; Emmons
et al.
(1963), p. 194. In cattle it is a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), p. 53; 4, 507) and has been recorded in the rumen (4, 1850), causing abomasal ulcers (Gitter & Austwick, 1959) and also lymph node infection (3, 134). In the guineapig,
A. corymbifera
can cause an enlargement of the lymph nodes which simulates pseudotuberculosis (2, 1721; Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), p. 48). Infection of mink, fowl (Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), pp. 48-49) and the pig (3, 1249) have been recorded, as has experimental infection of mice (2, 1917). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Infection occurs from airborne spores which are a characteristic component of the airspora of farm buildings.
Gilbertella persicaria var. indica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sarbhoy A. K.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Gilbertella persicaria var. indica
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pear, tomato, apple, peach,
Thevetia neriifolia
flowers; and also from soil. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of pear, peach, tomato and apple. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Known only from India. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.
Mucor pusillus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sarbhoy A. K.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mucor pusillus
[Rhizomucor pusillus]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on stored grain and in soil, etc. and also pathogenic for man and animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis') in man and animals. Infection of the human lung (RMVM 2, 690), eye (as
Absidia cornealis
Dodge (1936), p. 114) and ear (Dodge (1936), p. 111) have been recorded. Gitter & Austwick (1957) recorded
M. pusillus
associated with bovine abomasal ulcers and it is also a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 53), Austwick & Venn (4, 1506)). There are also published records of infection of the horse and the pig (see Ainsworth & Austwick, pp. 48, 50) and the harp seal (3, 1664). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.
Rhizopus stolonifer
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sarbhoy A. K.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Rhizopus stolonifer
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (
Artocarpus integrifolia
[Artocarpus integer]
), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (
Ipomoea batatas
) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies,
Drosophila melanogaster
, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).
Corynebacterium fascians
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Corynebacterium fascians
[Rhodococcus fascians]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts; Stapp (40: 584) lists members of 30 genera belonging to 18 families, but only 2 are monocotyledons including pea, chrysanthemum and strawberry. DISEASE: Fasciation of sweet pea, leafy gall of
Chrysanthemum
and other plants. The pathogen induces the development at soil level of many buds or short, thick, distorted stems with misshapen leaves. The outgrowths may superficially resemble galls. Economic losses occur mainly on ornamentals. Cauliflower disease of strawberry is produced by the combined action of this organism and a nematode (38: 218). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America and Northern Europe (CMI Map 426). Some records before 1936 may have been confused with
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(CMI Descript. 42), which was then thought to cause this disease. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil borne and is also transmitted on the seed coat and on plant cuttings.
Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Saccharum officinarum
; also produces a limited amount of infection when inoculated into
Sorghum halepense
and
S. vulgare
but, unlike
P. rubrilincans
, it does not affect
Zea mays
. DISEASE: Mottled stripe of sugarcane. Stripes are paler than those of red stripe disease, speckled and often fewer per leaf. No top rot occurs. Of minor economic importance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apparently less widespread than
P. rubrilineans
. Reported in Africa (Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Tanzania), Asia (Ceylon), Australasia (Fiji, New South Wales, Queensland), Europe (Italy), North America (U.S.A.), Central America (Barbados, Guadelope, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico), South America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru). (CMI Map 337). TRANSMISSION: Wind and rain are thought to be the most important factors in spread within fields. It is introduced to new areas in diseased setts.