bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN HERBARIUM PADA KONSEP KLASIFIKASI SISTEM BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE TANAMAN APOTIK HIDUP; SUATU ANALISIS PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PRAKTIKUM DI SMP NEGERI 6 KOTA SORONG
Authors: Thenu Fine
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; penerapan pembuatan herbarium spesimen tanaman apotik hidup terhadap penerapan pembelajaran konsep klasifikasi nomenclature binomial melalui kegiatan praktikum pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Sorong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunkan adalah kelas E dan F Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes tertulis, angket, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang akan digunakan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji reliabilitas, validitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda. Data yang akan diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, dan uji hipotesis yakni dengan uji t one sample dan uji T two sample independent. Hasil penelitian yakni uji t di kelas kontrol pada hasil tes tertulis adalah t  = 1,315, pada hasil angket t hitung > t tabel, di kelas eksperimen pada hasil eksperimen pada hasil tes tertulis t hitung = 0, 868 < t tabel hitung  = 1,314, hasil angket t hitung > t tabel. Hasil uji t kelas eksperimen terhadap kelas kontrol yakni pada tes tertulis t  hitung = 0,012 < t tabel = 1,674, pada hasil angket t  hitung = 0,865 < t  = 1,674. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran dengan pembuatan herbarium tanaman apotik hidup berbeda positif dibanding pendekatan klasikal pada motivasi belajar siswa dan secara langsung pada prestasi belajar dan berbeda lebih baik pada kerjasama, keaktifan, motivasi siswa tetapi kurang baik pada ketepatan penggunaan waktu pada proses belajar mengajar.
AKTIVITAS LARUTAN TANAMAN SIRIH HUTAN (Piper aduncum L.) SEBAGAI PEMICU PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR MERANG (Volvariella volvaceae L)
Authors: Dewi Fitriya Candra
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian yakni untuk mengetahui aktivitas larutan tanaman sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.) sebagai pemicu pertumbuhan jamur merang (Volvariella volvaceae). Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen. Sampel adalah jerami tangkai buah padi, larutan hasil destilasi dari akar, batang, daun. Instrumen pengambilan data yakni dokumentasi, observasi, lup. Tempat  penelitian di Laboratorium MAN Model Sorong dan Laboratorium MIPA UNIMUDA Sorong  serta Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama Penyakit (LPHP) Sorong. Uji prasyarat menggunakan uji normalitas. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji mann-whitney. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan statistik SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa konsentrasi larutan akar terbaik yakni pada konsentrasi 25% a symp sig 2 tailed 0,280 > dari 0,05 pada hari ke 2. Konsentrasi larutan dari batang terbaik yakni 20% a symp sig 2 tailed 0,353 > dari 0,05 pada hari ke 5. Konsentrasi larutan dari daun terbaik yakni 30% a symp sig 2 tailed 0,353 > dari 0,05 pada hari ke 5. Larutan akar, batang dan daun secara keseluruhan dapat memicu pertumbuhanjamur Volvarialla volvaceae L dan yang terbaik adalah larutan dari daun dengan konsentrasi terbaik yakni 30% a symp sig 2 tailed 0,353 > dari 0,05 pada hari ke 5.
PENGARUH APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ALAM SEKITAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP N 10 KABUPATEN SORONG
Authors: Kasdin Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran biologi menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis alam sekitar sekolah sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP N 10 Kabupaten Sorong pada bulan Mei 2016, dengan mengunakan populasi yang berjumlah 40 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 20 siswa untuk kelas VIIIA dan 20 siswa untuk kelas VIIIB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis komperatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes, yang sebelumnya diuji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Hasil uji validitas pada instrumen yang digunakan valid. Data tes berdistribusi homogen dan semua normal. Hasil uji t-test paired sampel kelas VIIIA yakni thitung > ttabel (0,401 < 2,09 ) dan kelas VIIIB thitung > ttabel (15,884 > 2,10092) sehingga ada perbedaan pada hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis alam sekitar sekoalah lingkungan alam sekitar sekolah sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran dan dari hasil tes siswa yang diperoleh bahwa aplikasi pembelajaran tersebut efektif sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran.
PEMANFAATAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG (DIRECT INSTRUCTION) MENGGUNAKAN MIKROSKOP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGAMATI OBYEK DENGAN MIKROSKOP BAGI SISWA VII A DI SMP MUH. AL-AMIN KOTA SORONG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Herawati Andar
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar bagi Siswa VII A di SMP Muh. Al - Amin Kota Sorong melalui pemanfaatan model pembelajaran langsung menggunakan mikroskop pada materi mengamati obyek menggunakan mikroskop. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti dengan guru. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu reduksi, penyajian data serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) pemanfaatan model pembelajaran langsung menggunakan mikroskop dapat meningkatkan partisipasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan prestasi belajar dapat dilihat melalui aspek mendengarkan penjelasan pada siklus I sebesar 36% meningkat menjadi sebesar 76% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mencatat penjelasan siklus 1 sebesar 58% meningkat menjadi sebesar 91% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam memperhatikan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 45% meningkat menjadi sebesar 82.% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam bertanya siklus I sebesar 30% meningkat menjadi sebesar 61% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjawab pertanyaan siklus I sebesar 35% meningkat menjadi sebesar 88% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mengeluarkan pendapat siklus I sebesar 52% meningkat menjadi sebesar 91% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menghargai pendapat teman siklus I sebesar 70% meningkat menjadi sebesar 97% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjelaskan kembali siklus I sebesar 24% meningkat menjadi sebesar 61.% pada siklus II. (b) Pemanfaatan model pembelajaran langsung menggunakan mikroskop dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam mengamati obyek dengan mikroskop. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 58,70 meningkat menjadi 70,12 pada siklus II.
EVALUASI PENIALAIAN KINERJA GURU BERSERTIFIKASI DI SD INPRES 25 KABUPATEN SORONG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Herawati Etti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Penialaian Kinerja Guru Bersertifikasi di SD Inpres 25 Kabupaten Sorong. di Kabupaten Sorong, ditinjau dari empat kompetensi, yaitu: kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi sosial, dan kompetensi profesional.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan model Goal Oriented of Evaluation. Subjek penelitian adalah 78 orang Guru Bersertifikasi di SD Inpres 25 Kabupaten Sorong. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, lembar observasi, lembar penilaian, dan dokumentasi. Validasi instrumen dilakukan dengan validasi isi dan validasi konstruk. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis deskriptif kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai PK Guru secara keseluruhan guru Bersertifikasi di SD Inpres 25 Kabupaten Sorong mempunyai kinerja dengan kategori baik. Namun dilihat dari masing-masing kompetensi, tiga kompetensi mendapatkan penilaian cukup, yaitu kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi sosial dan kompetensi profesional, sedangkan kompetensi kepribadian mendapatkan penilaian baik.
DEFECTOS SUPERFICIALES DE LAS LIMAS MECANIZADAS DE PERMEABILIDAD. Estudio in vitro
Authors: TERÁN AYALA SILVANA. , LARENAS CORTEZ ANGÉLICA. , GUILLÉN GUILLÉN RAQUEL
Published: November 2019

La negociación de la anatomía del sistema de conductos radiculares comienza con la permeabilización para crear una guía de desplazamiento. Actualmente se fabrican instrumentos mecanizados para permeabilidad con nuevas aleaciones que son mucho más flexibles, resistentes y eficaces. Objetivo: Evaluar los defectos superficiales de distintos sistemas mecanizados de permeabilización usados en conductos curvos artificiales. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro constituido por 90 bloques de acrílico con conductos curvos artificiales de 45 grados, que fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos siendo: G1: R-pilot (12.5/ .04) y G2: WaveOne Gold Glider (15/ .02). Cada lima fue usada y esterilizada en autoclave para ser observada bajo un escaneo de microscopia electrónica de barrido a 500x cada 0, 3, 6, 9 usos. Las fotografías obtenidas fueron subdividas por tercios coronal, medio y apical para ser evaluadas por 3 endodoncistas calibrados y ciegos al tratamiento realizado para evaluar los defectos superficiales del instrumento. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal Wallis con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Conclusión: es posible reutilizar los instrumentos mecanizados de permeabilidad tomando en cuenta su curvatura y ciclos de esterilización, lamentablemente no se puede prever signos visibles de deformación plástica que puedan conducir a la fractura del instrumento.
IV Encuentro de jóvenes investigadores en escenarios de ciencia y paz
Authors: Administrativas, económicas y contables Facultad de ciencias
Published: November 2019

Resúmenes
Title 2.0: Discrimination Law in a Data-Driven Society
Authors: Casey Bryan
Published: November 2019

More than a quarter century after civil rights activists pioneered America’s first ridesharing network, the connections between transportation, innovation, and discrimination are again on full display. Industry leaders such as Uber, Amazon, and Waze have garnered widespread acclaim for successfully combatting stubbornly persistent barriers to transportation. But alongside this well-deserved praise has come a new set of concerns. Indeed, a growing number of studies have uncovered troubling racial disparities in wait times, ride cancellation rates, and service availability in companies including Uber, Lyft, Task Rabbit, Grubhub, and Amazon Delivery.

Surveying the methodologies employed by these studies reveals a subtle, but vitally important, commonality. All of them measure discrimination at a statistical level, not an individual one. As a structural matter, this isn’t coincidental. As America transitions to an increasingly algorithmic society, all signs now suggest we are leaving traditional brick and-mortar establishments behind for a new breed of data-driven ones. Discrimination, in other words, is going digital. And when it does, it will manifest itself—almost by definition—at a macroscopic scale. Why does this matter? Because not all of our civil rights laws cognize statistically-based discrimination claims. And as it so happens, Title II could be among them.

This piece discusses the implications of this doctrinal uncertainty in a world where statistically-based claims are likely to be pressed against data-driven establishments with increasing regularity. Its goals are twofold. First, it seeks to build upon adjacent scholarship by fleshing out the specific structural features of emerging business models that will make Title II’s cognizance of “disparate effect” claims so urgent. In doing so, it argues that it is not the “platform economy,” per se, that poses an existential threat to the statute but something deeper. The true threat, to borrow Lawrence Lessig’s framing, is architectural in nature. It is the algorithms underlying “platform economy businesses” that are of greatest doctrinal concern—regardless of whether such businesses operate inside the platform economy or outside it. Second, this essay joins others in calling for policy reforms focused on modernizing our civil rights canon. It argues that our transition from the “Internet Society” to the “Algorithmic Society” will demand that Title II receive a doctrinal update. If it is to remain relevant in the years and decades ahead, Title II must become Title 2.0.
La Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe y su papel en la defensa de la autonomía universitaria
Authors: Graue Wiechers Enrique
Published: November 2019

La autonomía universitaria como la conocemos hoy es un fenómeno fundamentalmente latinoamericano que empezó a gestarse con el movimiento estudiantil de la Federación Universitaria de Córdoba, Argentina, en 1918. La llamada Reforma de Córdoba fue un suceso histórico que supuso una reconfiguración radical en las relaciones entre las universidades, las sociedades y los estados latinoamericanos. En virtud de ella, los actores dueños del poder político y económico perdieron su influencia y control sobre las universidades, permitiendo a las clases medias urbanas acceder y participar en la toma de decisiones. Éstas irrumpieron en los recintos universitarios con la firme intención de cultivarse en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento y establecer un sistema de movilidad social basado en el mérito y no en la herencia.
Cierre de ciclos e inicio de nuevos proyectos
Authors: Sáez Hugo Enrique
Published: November 2019

Entrevista al Secretario General de la UDUAL, Dr. Roberto Escalante, por el Director de la revista Universidades, Hugo Enrique Sáez, con motivo del 70 aniversario de la Unión de Universidades para América Latina y el Caribe.
A Literature Review on the Impact of Games on Learning English Vocabulary to Children
Authors: Lafta Jassim Lina , Dzakiria Hisham
Published: November 2019

Digital games play a significant role in the life of the new generation. Although there are many criticisms, many studies focus on the importance of digital games in improving learner’s vocabulary in the target language. Researchers have begun conductingseveral researches on how using games in the class can foster vocabulary learning. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of digital games on children’s vocabulary learning depending on a literature review. Many studies focus on the impacts of digital games on different aspects of education. This conceptual paper aims to shed light on some games' benefits, and challenges which educators and children face in the use of digital games. The findings of this paper show that Games are used not only for making children successful in EFL classes but more importantly, for motivating them and increasing the cooperation among children. In addition,the findings state that there are advantages as well as disadvantages in using games for learning English vocabulary.
The Effect of Utilizing Digital Storytelling on Developing Oral Communication Skills for 5th Grade Students at Rafah Primary Schools
Authors: Abu Elenein Ayman
Published: November 2019

The study aimed at identifying the effect of utilizing digital storytelling on developing oral communication skills for 5th grade students at Rafah Primary schools. It  adopted quasi-experimental approach. Two tools are used to collect data: a checklist of oral communication skills and a pre-post achievement test.  To analyze data, the researcher used many statistical means such as, means, standard deviation, t-test and anova. The study revealed many findings that there was a positive effect of digital storytelling on developing oral communication skills. The study also recommended that digital storytelling should be used to develop students' oral performance at primary and secondary schools.
Investigating the Impact of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum on Moroccan Graduates’ Career
Authors: Belkbir Riham
Published: November 2019

Knowledge of a foreign language opens new possibilities of mobility and cooperation for professionals in the contemporary world. Policy makers acknowledge the important role that foreign languages, especially English, play in the professional development of experts and try to present this language at tertiary level. Generally, an ESP course is designed to improve students’ communication skills not merely for the exam, but also for situations in a specific workplace. This paper investigates the impact that English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum has on Moroccan graduates in the career experience. It also explores whether the ESP courses are more expedient in the workplace than traditional English courses, and how ESP curriculum should be reshaped to adapt the needs of the job market. The data are collected through online interviews from 6 participants whose majors were English and who graduated from Moroccan universities and all the participants have at least one year of work experience in English-speaking countries. The results of this research indicate that universities ESP curriculum design, work place, and teachers’ specific field knowledge do have notable influence on participants in the work environment. They show that the current ESP in use fails to capture the learners’ needs and skills in the workplace communication. The study divulges that there is a huge discrepancy of the perceptions of the students’ needs between the ESP teachers and employers in both academic and occupational situations.  Furthermore, the study’s findings recommended that Moroccan universities should re-design or develop their ESP curriculum to allow their students meet the future job requirements as well as supplementing extra materials through teachers’ continual needs analysis.
Language Learning Strategies: A Comparative Study of Young and Adolescent Cambodian Learners
Authors: Nhem Davut
Published: November 2019

Various aspects of second language learning such as motivation, social contexts, personality, learning styles or learning strategies should be taken into consideration when it comes to teaching and learning a new language. in this respect, one of the most overlooked factors is a language learning strategy. Language learners should be aware of “how to learn a language” to be a successful language learner. As language learning strategy has been recognized as the important factor in learning a second language (O'Malley & Chamot, 1990; and Oxford, 1990), this study therefore investigated language learning strategies employed by young and adolescent learners of English in Cambodia context. The data were collected through a questionnaire, developed by Oxford (1990) from 152 students. The findings showed that students mostly used cognitive, metacognitive and social strategies. In addition, when examining if young learners use different learning strategies from adolescent learners, no statistical difference was found, except for two learning strategies, namely, cognitive and compensation strategies used more frequently by young learners.
Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe2O4/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation
Authors: Jermy B Rabindran , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Alamoudi Widyan A , Almohazey Dana , Dafalla Hatim , Hussain Allehaibi Lina , Baykal Abdulhadi , Toprak Muhammet S , Somanathan Thirunavukkarasu
Published: November 2019

The combination of magnetic nanoparticles with a porous silica is a composite that has attracted significant attention for potential multifunctional theranostic applications. In this study, 30 wt % CuFe2O4 was impregnated into a matrix of monodispersed spherical hydrophilic silica (HYPS) nanoparticles through a simple dry impregnation technique. The chemotherapy drug cisplatin was loaded through electrostatic equilibrium adsorption over 24 h in normal saline solution. The presence of cubic spinel CuFe2O4 on HYPS was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis) analysis. The HYPS particles showed a surface area of 170 m2/g, pore size of 8.3 nm and pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g. The cisplatin/CuFe2O4/HYPS nanoformulation showed the accumulation of copper ferrite nanoparticles on the surface and in the pores of HYPS with a surface area of 45 m2/g, pore size of 16 nm and pore volume of 0.18 cm3/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping analysis showed the presence of homogeneous silica particles with nanoclusters of copper ferrite distributed on the HYPS support. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis of CuFe2O4/HYPS showed paramagnetic behavior with a saturated magnetization value of 7.65 emu/g. DRS UV–vis analysis revealed the functionalization of cisplatin in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination in the CuFe2O4/HYPS composite. Compared to other supports such as mesocellular foam and silicalite, the release of cisplatin using the dialysis membrane technique was found to be superior when CuFe2O4/HYPS was applied as the support. An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the potential of CuFe2O4/HYPS as an anticancer agent against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The results show that the nanoparticle formulation can effectively target cancerous cells and could be an effective tumor imaging guide and drug delivery system.
Investigating the Temperature Distribution of Diatomic Carbon in Comets Using the Swan Bands
Authors: Nelson Tyler , Cochran Anita L.
Published: November 2019

We present high spectral resolution observations of comets 122P/de Vico and 153P/Ikeya–Zhang obtained with the Tull Coudé spectrograph on the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith telescope of McDonald Observatory. We used these data to study the distribution of the lines of the

C2 (Swan) bands. We show that the data are best represented with two rotational temperatures, with the lowest energy lines being at a relatively cool temperature and the higher energy lines being at a higher temperature. We discuss the implications of this two-temperature distribution and suggest future work.
Spectroscopic Orbits of Subsystems in Multiple Stars. VI.
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei
Published: November 2019

Thirteen spectroscopic orbits of late-type stars are determined from the high-resolution spectra taken with the CHIRON echelle spectrometer at the 1.5 m Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory telescope. Most (HIP 14194B, 40523A, 41171A, 51578A, 57572B, 59426A, 62852B, 66438A, 87813B, and 101472A) are inner subsystems in hierarchical multiple stars with three or four components. The periods range from 2.2 to 1131 days. Masses of the components, orbital inclinations, and projected rotation velocities are estimated, and the presence or absence of the lithium line is noted. In addition to those systems, HIP 57021 is a simple 54 day twin binary, and HIP 111598 is a compact triple-lined system with periods of 5.9 and 271 days. This object is likely old, but, nevertheless, the secondary component in the inner pair does not rotate synchronously with the orbit. The period–eccentricity diagram of 528 known inner low-mass spectroscopic subsystems (including 36 from this paper series) is given. The distribution of the inner periods is smooth, without any details around the tidal circularization period of ∼10 days.
Kinematics of the Palomar 5 Stellar Stream from RR Lyrae Stars
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Mateu Cecilia , Iorio Giuliano , Pearson Sarah , Bonaca Ana , Belokurov Vasily
Published: November 2019

Thin stellar streams, formed from the tidal disruption of globular clusters, are important gravitational tools, sensitive to both global and small-scale properties of dark matter. The Palomar 5 stellar stream (Pal 5) is an exemplar stream within the Milky Way: its ∼20° tidal tails connect back to the progenitor cluster, and the stream has been used to study the shape, total mass, and substructure fraction of the dark matter distribution of the Galaxy. However, most details of the phase-space distribution of the stream are not fully explained, and dynamical models that use the stream for other inferences are therefore incomplete. Here we aim to measure distance and kinematic properties along the Pal 5 stream in order to motivate improved models of the system. We use a large catalog of RR Lyrae-type stars (RRLs) with astrometric data from the Gaia mission to probabilistically identify RRLs in the Pal 5 stream. RRLs are useful because they are intrinsically luminous standard candles and their distances can be inferred with small relative precision (∼3%). By building a probabilistic model of the Pal 5 cluster and stream in proper motion and distance, we find 27 RRLs consistent with being members of the cluster (10) and stream (17). Using these RRLs, we detect gradients in distance and proper motion along the stream, and provide an updated measurement of the distance to the Pal 5 cluster using the RRLs,

. We provide a catalog of Pal 5 RRLs with inferred membership probabilities for future modeling work.
Diagnostics of Collisions between Electrons and Water Molecules in Near-ultraviolet and Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Bodewits D. , Országh J. , Noonan J. , Ďurian M. , Matejčík Š.
Published: November 2019

We studied the dissociation reactions of electron impact on water vapor for several fragment species at optical and near-ultraviolet wavelengths (200–850 nm). The resulting spectrum is dominated by the hydrogen Balmer series, by the OH (A 2Σ+ − X 2Π) band, and by the emission of ionic H2O+(A 2A1 − X 2B1) and OH+(A 3Π − X 3Σ−) band systems. Emission cross sections and reaction channel thresholds were determined for energies between 5 and 100 eV. We find that the electron impact dissociation of H2O results in an emission spectrum of the OH (A 2Σ+ − X 2Π) band that is distinctly different from the emission spectra from other excitation mechanisms seen in planetary astronomy. We attribute the change to a strongly non-thermal population of rotational states seen in planetary astronomy. This difference can be utilized for remote probing of the contribution of different physical reactions in astrophysical environments.
Coronae of Zero/Low-metal, Low-mass Stars
Authors: Washinoue Haruka , Suzuki Takeru K.
Published: November 2019

Recent theoretical studies suggest the existence of low-mass, zero-metal stars in the current universe. To study the basic properties of the atmosphere of low-mass first stars, we perform one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations for the heating of coronal loops on low-mass stars with various metallicities. While the simulated loops are heated up to ≥106 K by the dissipation of Alfvénic waves originating from the convective motion irrespective of metallicity, the coronal properties sensitively depend on the metallicity. Lower-metal stars create hotter and denser coronae because the radiative cooling is suppressed. The zero-metal star gives more than 40 times higher coronal density than the solar-metallicity counterpart, and as a result, the UV and X-ray fluxes from the loop are several times higher than those of the solar-metallicity star. We also discuss the dependence of the coronal properties on the length of the simulated coronal loops.
VER J2227+608: A Hadronic PeVatron Pulsar Wind Nebula?
Authors: Xin Yuliang , Zeng Houdun , Liu Siming , Fan Yizhong , Wei Daming
Published: November 2019

We report the detection of GeV γ-ray emission from the very-high-energy γ-ray source VER J2227+608 associated with the “tail” region of supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7. The GeV γ-ray emission is extended and spatially coincident with molecular clouds traced by CO emission. The broadband GeV to TeV emission of VER J2227+608 can be well fitted by a single power-law function with an index of 1.90 ± 0.04, without obvious indication of spectral cutoff toward high energies. The pure leptonic model for the γ-ray emission can be marginally ruled out by the X-ray and TeV data. In the hadronic model, the low energy content of CRs and the hard γ-ray spectrum, in combination with the center bright source structure, suggest that VER J2227+608 may be powered by the Pulsar wind nebula instead of shocks of the SNR. And the cutoff energy of the proton distribution needs to be higher than ∼400 TeV, which makes it an attractive PeVatron candidate. Future observations by the upcoming Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory and the Cherenkov Telescope Array in the north could distinguish these models and constrain the maximum energy of cosmic rays in SNRs.
XMM-Newton RGS Spectroscopy of the M31 Bulge. I. Evidence for a Past AGN Half a Million Years Ago
Authors: Zhang 张 Shuinai 水乃 , Wang Q. Daniel , Foster Adam R. , Sun Wei , Li Zhiyuan , Ji Li
Published: November 2019

Existing analysis based on spectra from the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on board XMM-Newton already shows that the G-ratio of the O vii Heα triplet in the inner bulge of M31 is too high to be consistent with a pure optically thin thermal plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE). Different processes that may affect properties of diffuse hot plasma were proposed, such as resonance scattering (RS) and charge exchange (CX) with cold gas. To determine which physical process(es) may be responsible for this inconsistency, we present a systematic spectroscopic analysis based on 0.8 Ms XMM-Newton/RGS data, together with complementary Chandra/ACIS-S images. The combination of these data enables us to reveal multiple non-CIE spectroscopic diagnostics, including but not limited to the large G-ratios of Heα triplets (O vii, N vi, and Ne ix) and the high Lyman series line ratios (O viii Lyβ/Lyα and Lyγ/Lyα, and N vii Lyβ/Lyα), which are not expected for a CIE plasma, and the high iron line ratios (Fe xviii 14.2 Å/Fe xvii 17 Å and Fe xvii 15 Å/17 Å), which suggest much higher temperatures than other line ratios, as well as their spatial variations. Neither CX nor RS explains all these spectroscopic diagnostics satisfactorily. Alternatively, we find that an active galactic nucleus (AGN) relic scenario provides a plausible explanation for virtually all the signatures. We estimate that an AGN was present at the center of M31 about half a million years ago and that the initial ionization parameter ξ of the relic plasma is in the range of 3–4.
Revision of the Afrotropical genus Pulchrisolia Szabó (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Sceliotrachelinae)
Authors: Lahey Zachary , van Noort Simon , Polaszek Andrew , Masner Lubomir , Johnson Norman
Published: November 2019

The genus Pulchrisolia Szabó is revised. Pulchrisolia maculata Szabó is redescribed and nine species are described as new: P. ankremos Lahey, sp. nov. (Ghana, Ivory Coast), P. asantesanavan Noort & Lahey, sp. nov. (South Africa), P. diehoekensis van Noort & Lahey, sp. nov. (South Africa), P. ellieae Lahey, sp. nov. (Madagascar), P. nephelae Lahey, sp. nov. (Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria), P. robynae van Noort & Lahey, sp. nov. (South Africa), P. sanbornei Lahey & Masner, sp. nov. (South Africa), P. teras Lahey, sp. nov. (Madagascar), and P. valerieae Polaszek & Lahey, sp. nov. (Zambia). The genus is diagnosed from Afrisolia Masner & Huggert, Isolia Förster, and Sceliotrachelus Brues, and a key is provided to the platygastrid genera of the Isolia-cluster.
Une ancienne rue commerciale chinoise dans la « ville diffuse » d’aujourd’hui : le projet « Hanzhengjie » à Wuhan
Authors: Xun Yi
Published: November 2019

L’article propose de revenir sur le rôle du e-commerce dans le changement de la morphologie urbaine et de questionner la capacité de la technologie numérique à sauvegarder la culture immatérielle d’une ancienne rue-marché célèbre de la ville de Wuhan, la rue « Hanzheng ». Confrontée à une transition rapide des villes chinoises vers une « urbanité diffuse », cette rue-marché est en situation de déclin. Pour y faire face, le projet d’aménagement « Hanzhengjie » comprend la création d’un centre de commerce de gros du même nom associé à un site de vente en ligne. Le texte analyse l’importance de la « mise en réseau » des activités de cette rue pour qu’elle puisse continuer à jouer un rôle de nœud sur le réseau urbain. La technique numérique tire profit de la qualité de concentration-déconcentration du nœud et permet de réunir, d’intégrer et de diffuser les flux transitant par cette plate-forme d’échanges réels et virtuels.
Vers des algorithmes à dess(e)ins : intégration du design dans la conception d’une datavisualisation
Authors: Guerin Caroline , Chandesris Maguelonne , Remy Anaïs
Published: November 2019

L’ère du numérique ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine de la connaissance du marché de la mobilité. Les très nombreuses données générées sont parfois complexes à appréhender, à la fois du fait de leur caractère immatériel, mais aussi parce qu’elles ne font pas sens de manière autonome. Pour autant, leur caractère numérique les rend calculables au moyen d’algorithmes pour mieux connaître et anticiper la demande de mobilité sur un territoire. SNCF a conduit des travaux exploratoires en équipe pluridisciplinaire sur ce sujet. Dans ce contexte complexe, innover ensemble constitue un défi : comment créer un langage commun pour façonner du nouveau à partir d’une « matière numérique » immatérielle et dénuée de sens ? La démarche d’innovation par le design a permis de faciliter la collaboration entre les différentes parties prenantes du projet et de générer de manière itérative des pistes innovantes d’algorithmes, à la fois pour les différents traitements de données, et en particulier pour les donner à voir et à explorer.
Algorithmes, formes diachroniques et métadesign
Authors: Bourganel Rémy , Hugon Stéphane , Badr Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Les algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique ( machine learning ) et d’apprentissage profond ( deep learning ) semblent permettre au design d’envisager les données calculées comme un matériau dont l’intégration dans la conception de produits et services grand public interroge les méthodes et la portée du projet de design. Les formes expérientielles que permet ce matériau sont conversationnelles et diachroniques. Elles incarnent les configurations et les architectures des échanges en mouvements, tels des objets intermédiaires permanents et dynamiques qui synthétisent l’itération entre l’intention du concepteur, le comportement de l’utilisateur et le calcul auto- apprenant de motifs. Théoriquement, la variation de ces formes est infinie. Pourtant, certaines d’entre elles, archétypales, sont récurrentes. Nous explorons la dualité entre les opportunités d’émergences en apparence infinies contre les nécessités du langage ; les opportunités d’encapacitation et les perspectives pour le projet de design.
Design et hospitalité : quand le lieu donne leur valeur aux soins de santé
Authors: Pellerin Denis , Coirié Marie
Published: November 2019

Cet article a pour sujet le design en milieu hospitalier gériatrique. Au départ simple réaménagement de l’espace, le projet évolue en co-design, et remet aux usagers, patients et soignants, un lieu désormais évolutif. L’analyse montre les difficultés d’agir en designer dans un milieu aussi contraint. Pour préserver la capacité d’innover, une approche constructiviste a été adoptée : observations des pratiques du lieu, transdisciplinarité, diagnostics et évaluations itératives, pour une transmission aux acteurs. Aujourd’hui s’ouvre la préoccupation d’un design de recherche : comment partager les résultats, stabiliser une méthode, discuter d’un passage à l’échelle pour soutenir la pertinence du design dans les lieux de soin, et inscrire ainsi la valeur d’un lieu comme un facteur de la qualité et de l’efficacité des soins.
Design participatif en santé mentale : le cas des troubles obsessionnels compulsifs
Authors: Gehamy Céline , Morgiève Margot , Briffault Xavier
Published: November 2019

L’article présente une expérimentation montrant le rôle que peut jouer le design dans la compensation du handicap associé aux troubles mentaux, en l’occurrence les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs (TOC). Nous montrons l’impact positif important que peut avoir un dispositif technique simple co-conçu par une équipe pluridisciplinaire de sociologues, psychologues, ergothérapeutes, ingénieurs, psychiatres, designer, avec une personne présentant des troubles s’exprimant par des rituels de vérification qui sont au quotidien un véritable handicap. Solidement articulées aux sciences sociales, les sciences du design ont un rôle important à jouer dans les logiques émergentes de prise en charge en psychiatrie, qui dépassent le simple colloque singulier patient/thérapeute dans le cadre du cabinet.
Design et stratégies d’entreprise : première étude pour modéliser les dynamiques d’engagement dans un projet de recherche
Authors: Berger Estelle , Ocnarescu Ioana , Pain Frédérique
Published: November 2019

Dans un contexte d’hyper compétitivité, pour anticiper et mieux réagir à la complexité des marchés et aux évolutions de la société, il ne suffit pas d’aller vite mais de penser autrement. Interrogeant les systèmes et procédures au filtre de l’humain, le design est à même d’accompagner les transformations dont ont besoin les entreprises pour répondre aux exigences d’attractivité, de compétitivité et de recherche de sens. La mise en place du laboratoire de recherche commun Exalt Design Lab en juin 2017 représente un terrain d’étude de ce phénomène d’intégration du design comme élément stratégique pour les organisations. Dans le cadre de cette recherche-action, cette étude multicas a été menée auprès des cinq partenaires industriels impliqués. Nous proposons une lecture qualitative des motivations qui les ont poussés dans cette démarche. Suivant une approche abductive, nous mettrons en perspective les moments clés et les facteurs internes comme externes, afin d’analyser leurs dynamiques d’engagement. Enfin, nous mobilisons deux concepts pour mettre en évidence la dimension collective de l’enclenchement d’un processus de changement : l’existence d’une communauté apprenante de pairs et le rôle de passeur de frontières . Cette première étude participe du programme de recherche du laboratoire commun, et sera prolongée dans les trois années à venir.
Repenser les chaînes de publication par l’intégration des pratiques du développement logiciel
Authors: Fauchié Antoine , Parisot Thomas
Published: November 2019

La rencontre des univers du livre et du développement logiciel est à l’œuvre dans plusieurs expérimentations de chaînes éditoriales, faisant apparaître de nouvelles approches et de nouvelles pratiques de design. Les étapes du processus d’édition sont réévaluées, repensées, re-conçues, notamment par l’avènement d’un environnement profondément numérique. Quelles sont les influences des méthodes et des outils du développement web sur les chaînes de publication des livres ? Nous nous focaliserons ici sur quatre aspects : la modularité des étapes et outils d’édition, l’ouverture des formats, la réduction de la distance entre le contenu et ses usages et l’économie acquise qui concerne principalement l’humain. Cet article constitue un bref panorama des efforts nécessaires pour envisager une évolution des chaînes d’édition, en sollicitant les pensées d’Ivan Illich et de Gilbert Simondon. Nous interrogerons des systèmes innovants inspirés de la méthode Agile, chère au monde du développement logiciel.
L’infini du livre : entre numérique et tangible
Authors: Jamet-Pinkiewicz Florence
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux livres augmentés associant pop-up et projections numériques, et plus largement aux objets éditoriaux hybridant livre d’art, performance et création animée, pour construire plusieurs typologies. La confrontation des différentes expérimentations menées dans le large champ du livre numérique invite à se demander si les livres imprimés peuvent cesser d’en être les modèles. Comment certains objets reprennent-ils une forme livresque qui ne se donne plus à lire seulement, mais à voir et à entendre ? Comment inaugurent-ils de nouveaux champs d’expérience entre numérique et tangible ? Cette étude où sont distingués successivement les livres « homothétiques », les éditions « hybrides », les « livres-spectacles », les « livres enchantés », les « livres animistes » et les interfaces papier-écran, est traversée par la question du design d’expérience. Elle en propose plusieurs définitions en montrant comment il s’écarte aujourd’hui de la conception centrée utilisateur, pour créer une relation émotionnelle. Concevoir une expérience c’est en effet penser une histoire que se racontent des humains. C’est aussi, par l’expérience, cheminer vers un design humaniste.
Enjeux de la recherche par le design pour l’enseignement de futurs professionnels designers engagés dans les problématiques de la ville durable
Authors: Le Bœuf Jocelyne , Orsoni Florent
Published: November 2019

Associer recherche et formation est devenu depuis quelques années dans les écoles de design françaises, un défi pour repenser la question de leur enseignement (Findeli, 2000). Pour ces écoles issues de la culture des arts appliqués ce défi se situe à plusieurs niveaux, celui de l’acquisition de connaissances en recherche par les enseignants et celui des liens entre théorie et pratique (Findeli, 2001). Si l’articulation théorie et pratique a toujours été au centre de la pédagogie par le projet, la posture réflexive inhérente à la recherche, ouvre de nouveaux horizons de fondations épistémiques pour l’enseignement professionnel. L’expérience menée depuis quelques années à L’École de design Nantes Atlantique au sein du Design Lab Ville durable, s’inscrit dans cette démarche. Notre analyse s’appuie sur différents formats pédagogiques, où s’articulent des démarches itératives entre les acquisitions de connaissances sur le durable, les pratiques de projet et une acculturation à la recherche des équipes encadrantes. Nous analysons également les interactions avec le réseau des partenaires impliqués dans les projets. Ceux-ci participent à la professionnalisation des futurs designers pour comprendre les questions politiques et de gouvernance, les enjeux publics et privés dans ces domaines. La mise en œuvre d’une culture de la recherche par le design au sein du Design Lab nous a permis d’instaurer des bases solides et d’orienter les questions pour développer les compétences de nos étudiants dans ce contexte complexe de la ville durable (Bourg et Papaux, 2015).
Le patient comme acteur du design en e-santé : design participatif d’une application mobile pour patients cardiaques
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie , Bonneville Luc , Redpath Calum
Published: November 2019

Dans cet article, nous proposons une réflexion sur la notion d’engagement du patient lors du design d’une technologie de e-santé. Cette notion demeure mal définie dans les modèles de design mobilisés lors de la conception de technologies en santé. Nous présentons un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire impliquant des médecins, des chercheurs en sciences sociales, des développeurs de logiciels et des patients. Le but de ce projet est de permettre aux patients ayant eu un infarctus du myocarde de gérer leurs facteurs de risque et leurs processus de soins à travers une plate-forme de e-santé. Sur la base des résultats de la première phase de l’étude, nous examinons l’engagement progressif des patients dans le processus de conception. Nous verrons que cette approche contribue à créer les conditions pour l’engagement du patient en soutenant l’apprentissage mutuel (entre les différentes parties prenantes) et en partageant les savoirs expérientiels à intégrer dans le design d’une technologie de e-santé.
The CARE Case Study Method for Teaching Community Health Nursing
Authors: Schlenker Emily C. , Sullivan Kerber Cindy H.
Published: November 2019

The CARE Case Study Method for Teaching Community Health Nursing

The CARE case study method of teaching is used in this community health nursing course to stimulate critical thinking and help students apply theory to clinical practice. The acronym CARE stands for Case study, Application, Research, and Evaluation. [more...]
Preserving the Mother Tongue of English Language Learners
Authors: Acosta Jatnna
Published: November 2019

The growing presence of English language learners (ELLs) in classrooms throughout the country highlights the need for effective strategies in the process of language acquisition. Through the language acquisition process students are able to progress towards becoming fluent in the English language and ultimately perform on the same academic level as their English-speaking peers. The issue arises when ELLs enter the classroom with a language or word gap that places them at an academic disadvantage. Bilingual education is an option that is offered to students seeking to enhance their native language abilities as they acquire the English language. However, bilingual education is limited to the presence of a specific language community and an effective language teacher. This chapter presents the benefits of preserving the mother tongue among ELLs and the strategies necessary to replicate mother tongue preservation with language learners in non-bilingual classrooms.
Improving Teachers' Digital Competence to Bridge the Language Gap
Authors: Caravello Manuela , Huertas-Abril Cristina A. , Gómez-Parra María Elena
Published: November 2019

This chapter aims to examine the digital skills that foreign language teachers must have in our global interconnected society and the ways in which they can acquire them. Pedagogical and digital innovation has been traveling along the same lines for some time. In recent years, however, in all fields of education—and more specifically in the didactic of foreign languages—several methods and techniques that increase the use of digital technology have been developed. Consequently, all teachers must keep up with the times. In this light, the objective of this chapter is to reflect on the pedagogical scenario that the digital age has set up, as well as on the ideal portrait that teachers must have. Then, the authors will focus on the specific digital skills that teachers who want to “flip” their teaching process should have: What are the basic knowledge and skills that a teacher must master if they wish to rethink their practices and embark on a flipped classroom approach?
Social Media Support and the Need of Counselling From Experts in Autonomous Language Learning
Authors: Gómez-Parra María Elena , Huertas-Abril Cristina A.
Published: November 2019

Autonomous language learning is a hot topic in the scientific community as the omnipresence of ICT has increased its importance since the ‘90s. This chapter discusses the role of social media to increase learners' autonomy in 21st century society, and how it problematizes the situations in which learners are completely autonomous (e.g., language learning through free-access websites). The autonomous learner needs to develop certain skills connected to digital competence, learning how to learn, motivation, responsibility, and perseverance. For this purpose, a SWOT analysis has been carried out to help the authors clarify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, which derived from ICT, impact on language learners' autonomy. In this light, the research project PRY 208/17 aims at fostering autonomous language learning by using technology. The initial results bore out that specific abilities on autonomous learning, and personality traits benefit highly from language expert counselling and coaching, which have proved to improve the results.