bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence of high‐risk stigmata predicts good prognosis even in severely anemic patients with suspected acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Horibe Masayasu , Ogura Yuki , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Kaneko Tetsuji , Yokota Takuya , Okawa Osamu , Nakatani Yukihiro , Iwasaki Eisuke , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Hosoe Naoki , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Yahagi Naohisa , Namiki Shin , Kanai Takanori
Published: April 2018

Background

The need for a blood transfusion, defined as hemoglobin < 70 g/L, is the measure for assessing the risk levels in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, not all patients with a low hemoglobin level have a poor prognosis.

Objective

We assessed the clinical predictive factors associated with poor short‐term prognosis in patients with a low hemoglobin level.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, all consecutive patients with suspected acute UGIB at Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center were enrolled between 2008 and 2015. Then, we extracted those who needed a blood transfusion (hemoglobin < 70 g/L) and explored the variables associated with all‐cause mortality within 28 days after presentation.

Results

Among 1307 patients, 311 needed a blood transfusion and 13 (4.2%) died from all causes. The presence of high‐risk stigmata requiring endoscopic treatment (peptic ulcers; Forrest scores Ia, Ib and IIa; varices with current bleeding or signs of recent bleeding; and spurting or gushing bleeding or visible vessel in other diseases), diagnosed by emergency endoscopy, was a unique factor affecting mortality (odds ratio: 8.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.45–160, P = 0.01). Patients without high‐risk stigmata neither died from UGIB nor had rebleeding, irrespective of the hemoglobin levels.

Conclusions

Patients without high‐risk stigmata showed a good prognosis even if they needed a blood transfusion. This result could facilitate triage of patients with suspected acute UGIB who only need a blood transfusion.
Home Literacy of Dual-Language Learners in Kindergarten From Low-SES Backgrounds
Authors: Wood Carla , Fitton Lisa , Rodriguez Estrella
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to describe home literacy (HL) activities of Spanish-/English-speaking children of low–socioeconomic status backgrounds and examine the relationship between HL and performance on standardized assessments. Parents of 65 dual-language learners (DLLs) in kindergarten completed an HL questionnaire. Parents reported an average of 17 books at home and engaged in active HL activities for 24 minutes a day on average. The relations between HL activities and performance were evaluated using correlations and regression. Analyses revealed a significant relation between HL and children’s language abilities, as measured by a bilingual measure of morphosyntax and semantics. Children’s reported interest in reading was also positively associated with their phonological awareness skills. HL was significantly related to child interest in reading and language performance. These findings suggest that home literacy plays a role in the language and literacy development of DLLs.
Experience in using in psychological training meditations-visualizations "Inner Animal"
Authors: Мальцева Татьяна , Maltseva Tatyana
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the increasing demands on the professional actions of police officers and the importance of conducting training forms of psychological work in the mainstream of an integrative transmitting model of psychological assistance. The results of research of individual psychological traits and strategies for overcoming stress among participants in self-development trainings are presented. The study involved 108 people. According to the results of the meditation-visualization "Inner Animal" the participants were divided into three groups (experimental and two control). In order to find common in the individual-personality features, 16-factor personal questionnaire by R. Cattell (16 PF (A)) was used. Due to the fact that the archetypal image represents an actual psychological problem, for the overcoming of which the person does not have enough conscious ways, the respondents studied the features of the coping behavior using the SACS questionnaire - "Strategies to overcome the stressful situation", which reveals features of behavioral strategies and patterns of overcoming behavior. To compare the samples and determine the significant differences in scores, the t-test of the Student was used. For each factor and coping strategies, the experimental group and control groups were compared. During the training sessions on personal self-development using the meditation-visualization "The Inner Animal" its diagnostic capabilities were revealed.
Assessment of clinical effectiveness of haemoglobin spray as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of sloughy wounds
Authors: Hunt Sharon D , Elg Fredrik , Percival Steven L
Published: April 2018

Objective:

To assess use of an adjunctive topical haemoglobin spray in the treatment of sloughy wounds.

Method:

In addition to a standard wound care regimen, consecutive patients with sloughy wounds self-administered haemoglobin spray treatment twice a week until the wound was healed. All patients were followed-up for 26 weeks. Results were compared with a retrospective cohort of 100 consecutive patients, treated during the same period the previous year with standard wound care alone. Data were collected on wound characteristics including percentage of slough, exudate levels, wound pain, and wound size.

Results:

After 26 weeks, 94/100 patients (94%) treated with haemoglobin spray were completely healed compared with 63/100 control patients (63%). Positive results were evident as early as week one with 52% mean wound size reduction using the heamoglobin spray versus 11% in the retrospective control (p<0.001). At baseline, mean slough coverage was higher in the haemoglobin group, 58% versus 44% in the control group (p<0.001). By week four, mean slough coverage was 1% in the haemoglobin versus 29% in the control group (p<0.001). Reductions in exudate and pain levels (p<0.001) were also observed.

Conclusion:

Overall, results of this evaluation showed the addition of adjunctive haemoglobin spray to standard wound care treatment achieved positive clinical outcomes for patients self-managing complicated sloughy wounds, by supporting reduction of wound exudate and slough within the complex multifaceted process of wound healing.
Glycaemic indices and haemoglobin A1c as predictors for non-healing ulcers
Authors: Moore Kevin J. , Dunn Erin C. , Marcus Erin N. , Koru-Sengul Tulay
Published: April 2018

Objective:

Non-healing lower extremity ulcers (NHLU) are a common podiatric complication of diabetes, with poor glycaemic control as a risk factor for development. Glycaemic indices, such as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), are used to diagnose and to monitor diabetes. Using a population-based, nationally representative sample, we evaluate the relationship between glycaemic indices and NHLU (as defined by the patient) to propose glycaemic thresholds for clinical suspicion of patient NHLU status.

Method:

Using data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), a total of 9769 adults (≥40 years old) with available self-reported diabetes and NHLU status were analysed. Glycaemic index markers, including FPG and HbA1c, were assessed via laboratory analysis from serum blood samples. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine optimal thresholds for FPG and HbA1c to predict NHLU status.

Results:

Compared with those without NHLU, NHLU patients were older, male, had higher rates of diabetes, were more likely to take insulin, and had lower total cholesterol. Youden's Index for NHLU identified the optimal FPG threshold as 117.7mg/dl (sensitivity: 33.5%; specificity: 82.6%). The optimal HbA1c threshold was 5.9% (sensitivity: 43.2%; specificity: 77.3%). HbA1c (Odds ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.96–3.05; Area under curve (AUC) 0.62) was a stronger discriminator of NHLU compared to FPG (OR 2.19; 95%CI 1.57–3.05; AUC 0.60).

Conclusion:

This study identified glycaemic thresholds for suspicion of NHLU development that are lower than the glucose goal levels recommended as optimal by the American Diabetes Association. Health professionals should be aware of these glycaemic indices when screening patients with diabetes for NHLU. Future longitudinal and validation studies are necessary to better discern the ideal glycaemic index thresholds to identify NHLU.
Research roundup: April 2018
Authors: Som Rita
Published: April 2018

In brief

Study finds more opioids are prescribed in the north of England than the south Five novel sub-types of diabetes have been identified Applying a brief intervention to elicit parental concern combined with safety net advice and a point-of-care CRP test appears to reduce antibiotic prescribing in children, research finds
Legal aspects in nurse prescribing
Authors: Gagan Mark
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the legal implications nurse prescribers need to be aware of in their interactions with patients. There have been huge changes as a result of recent common law decisions regarding patient autonomy and the role of the healthcare practitioner when enabling a person to make a decision about their care. It is a reminder that the age of medical paternalism is rapidly becoming a relic of the past and that patients have the legal and ethical right to make decisions about their care supported by healthcare practitioners advocating for them, rather than choosing what should be done to them.
The General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Knott Nigel
Published: April 2018

What the GDPR will mean for the profession as it faces the biggest technical shake-up…
Flora da Bahia: Eugenia sect. Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Santana Karoline Coutinho , Oliveira Marla Ibrahim Uehbe de , Mazine Fiorella Fernanda , Funch Ligia Silveira
Published: April 2018

The flora of Eugenia sect. Eugenia from the state of Bahia, Brazil, is presented. Seventeen species are recognized; an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, comments and maps of their geographic distribution in the state are provided.
Flora da Bahia: Rapateaceae
Authors: Santana Fernanda Afonso , Carneiro-Torres Daniela Santos , Barbosa-Silva Rafael Gomes , Giulietti Ana Maria , De Oliveira Reyjane Patrícia
Published: April 2018

The flora of the Rapateaceae from Bahia State, Brazil, is presented here. Two species of Rapatea, R. paludosa and R. pycnocephala, and one species of Cephalostemon, C. angustatus, are recognized. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and comments for taxa are presented, as well as a map of species distribution in the state.
Flora da Bahia: Plumbaginaceae
Authors: Marreira Evelyne Marques , Almeida Paulo Ricardo Machado , Giulietti Ana Maria , De Oliveira Reyjane Patricia
Published: April 2018

The flora of the Plumbaginaceae from Bahia, Brazil, is presented here. Plumbago zeylanica was the only native (or subspontaneous) species recognized in the state. Descriptions of the family, genus and species, illustrations, a distribution map and general notes are presented.
El trabajo de campo y la identificación de paisajes con potencial para el turismo en el volcán Nevado de Toluca, Estado de México
Authors: Cruz-Mendoza Andrea Estephany
Published: April 2018

Desde un punto de vista operativo, los estudios combinan el inventario y la cartografía de los paisajes, con el uso de indicadores para evaluar de manera precisa y sistemática todos aquellos aspectos que definen su calidad como recurso para el turismo (Serrano, 2008; Nogué et al., 2009). Durante el proceso de identificación de paisajes, una vez caracterizada y cartografiada la información obtenida en gabinete, el trabajo de campo permite corroborar su veracidad sobre el terreno, así como interpretar el significado de los distintos componentes ambientales respecto al paisaje, otorgando mayor rigor al estudio desde una perspectiva científica (Sánchez y Godoy, 2002; Godoy y Sánchez, 2007).Además, el trabajo de campo se constituye como una vía principal para la valoración del potencial de las unidades de paisaje, y sobre todo de los llamados “atractivos turísticos”, es decir, los lugares que son particularmente adecuados para el desarrollo de la actividad. El trabajo de campo permite aprehender la integración de los distintos aspectos del ambiente que intervienen en paisaje, y sus atributos o características visuales, favoreciendo la determinación de aquellos aspectos que contribuyen con más fuerza a la definición de su potencial con fines turísticos (Zuluaga, 2006; Nogué et al., 2009).
Die Deutschen und ihr Theater
Authors: Brauneck Manfred
Published: April 2018

Die Deutschen erwarten von ihrem Theater mehr, als nur unterhalten zu werden. Das vermutete nicht nur der junge Brecht, auch Lessing verband seine Absicht, in Hamburg ein Nationaltheater zu gründen, mit der Hoffnung, dass die Deutschen einmal nicht nur eine Nation sein würden, sondern eine »Kulturnation«. Er war überzeugt, dass dabei das Theater eine zentrale, unterstützende Rolle spielen würde. Ist diese hohe Erwartung, die hierzulande mit dem Theater verbunden wird, das Deutsche am deutschen Theater? Längst nimmt die Institution in Deutschland eine exzeptionelle Stellung im kulturellen Gefüge ein. Aber: Ist das Theater damit überfordert? Will - und kann - es mehr sein als »Abendunterhaltung«? Ein kritischer Blick auf eine deutsche Kulturinstitution.
Verwaltung der unternehmerischen Stadt
Authors: Silomon-Pflug Felix
Published: April 2018

In der geographischen Stadtforschung steht eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Verwaltung der unternehmerischen Stadt bislang aus. Seit den 1990er Jahren werden unter dem Schlagwort New Public Management die Kriterien und Grenzen legitimen Verwaltungshandelns neu bestimmt. Im Anschluss an Michel Foucault und Nicos Poulantzas gelingt es, diese Neuordnungsprozesse über ihre technokratische Eigenlogik hinaus zu analysieren: Am Beispiel kommunaler Liegenschaftspolitik und -verwaltung in Berlin und Frankfurt am Main zeigt Felix Silomon-Pflug, wie außeradministrative Gesellschaften sowie Verwaltungsorganisation und -handeln entlang ökonomischer Prinzipien den Artikulationsraum für unternehmerische Stadtpolitiken schaffen.
Grenzfall Krieg
Authors: Willeke Stephanie
Published: April 2018

Seit den Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001 und der zunehmenden Beteiligung der Bundeswehr an internationalen Kampfeinsätzen werden Kriege und Terrorismus vermehrt in der Gegenwartsliteratur reflektiert. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dabei sind Grenzkonstruktionen wie Freund vs. Feind und Eigenes vs. Fremdes, die hinterfragt und neu ausgelotet werden. Stephanie Willeke stellt verschiedene Kriegsakteure in den Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung und eröffnet so ein multiperspektivisches Bild der literarischen Verarbeitung gegenwärtiger Kriege in deutschsprachigen Romanen. Die Studie bietet sowohl neue Sichtweisen auf das Kriegsgeschehen als auch auf den gesellschaftlichen Diskurs zum Thema.
Zeigen und Verbergen
Authors: Kap-herr Katrin von
Published: April 2018

Obwohl heutige Filme kaum mehr ohne Effekte auskommen, gelten digitale Visual Effects häufig als Störfaktor oder bloßes Spektakel. Nur selten werden althergebrachte Diskurse und Vorurteile hinterfragt und Visual Effects oft als lediglich ins Digitale transformierte Effekte gesehen. Für einen neuen Zugang zu diesem bisher unterrepräsentierten Medienphänomen schlägt Katrin von Kap-herr die Betrachtung der digitalen Visual Effects unter einem Doppelgestus des gleichzeitigen Zeigens und Verbergens vor. Dies lässt eine neue Lesart der Visual Effects zutage treten, welche sich deutlich von den Strategien der analogen Vorgänger absetzt. Die Untersuchung schließt damit eine Lücke für eine deutschsprachige Leserschaft.
Konsum im Spiegel der Medien
Authors: Eichmann Jana
Published: April 2018

Mediale Konsuminszenierungen spielen eine immer größere Rolle in (Unterhaltungs-)Medien - ihre subjektbildenden und vergesellschaftenden Potenziale stehen jedoch bisher kaum im Fokus der Wissenschaft: Konsum und Medien werden meist nur als zwei separate Sozialisationsfaktoren thematisiert. Am Beispiel des Dokutainmentformats »Shopping Queen« entfaltet Jana Eichmann unter Verschränkung und Erweiterung medien- und konsumsoziologischer Ansätze erstmals eine theoretische Perspektive auf Subjektivierungsleistungen von medialen Konsumdarstellungen.
Diskurskonstruktionen und Selbst
Authors: Mucha Katharina
Published: April 2018

Auf welche Weise stellen sprachliche Konstruktionen mentale Realitäten her? Welche kognitiven Prozesse und sprachlichen Konstruktionen unterstützen uns darin, das Leben und uns selbst kohärent zu halten? Was bedeutet »Konditionalität«? Dr. Muchas kognitionslinguistische Studie entwickelt in interdisziplinärer Diskussion ein pragmasemantisches Modell der (interaktionalen) Diskurskonstruktionen, das Prozesse der Selektion, Extension und Resonanz an die jeweilige Perspektive des (Sprecher-)Selbst und instanziierte Schemata rückbindet. In diesem Design nimmt die Studie (schematische) konditionale/binäre und pronominale Konstruktionen in den Blick und verknüpft sie mit der Konzeption des Selbst. Die Korpusanalysen sind einerseits diachron angelegt (17. bis 21. Jahrhundert), andererseits textsorten- und genreübergreifend (Dramen, Briefe, Erzählungen), so dass Zeiträume in schematisch-diskursgrammatischer Perspektive durchschritten und Literatur und Realität miteinander vernetzt werden. Kognitionswissenschaftliche und gesellschaftspolitische Überlegungen zu sowie literarische und nicht-literarische Konfigurationen von sexualisierter Gewalt und Trauma komplettieren die Untersuchung.
Approaching the Jazz Past: MOPDTK’s Blue and Jason Moran’s “In My Mind: Monk at Town Hall, 1959”
Authors: McMullen Tracy
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes two approaches to the jazz past undertaken recently under the aegis of “jazz reenactment”: Mostly Other People Do the Killing’s 2014 release of Blue (a note-for-note re-performance of the Miles Davis Sextet’s 1959 album, Kind of Blue) and Jason Moran’s multi-media re-visiting of Thelonious Monk’s 1959 Town Hall Concert, “In My Mind: Monk at Town Hall, 1959.” I contend that rather than an ironic critique of the canonization of jazz, Blue is a direct product of the same tradition of understanding the past that informs such canonization. This tradition is based in an epistemology that privileges objectivity, logic, boundaries, and an obsession with naming while suspecting the subjective and what cannot be named.  Jason Moran’s “In My Mind,” however, offers a different understanding of the past, one rooted in ambiguity and connection rather than delineation and separation. I argue that this latter understanding offers a necessary critique of conceptions of the past and of self and other found in the dominant Western worldview.
The species of Gonocnemis and Paragonocnemis from Borneo with notes on synonymy in the Oriental species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Bremer Hans J. , Grimm Roland
Published: April 2018

Specimens of the genera Gonocnemis J. Thomson, 1858 and Paragonocnemis Kraatz, 1899 collected on Borneo are evaluated. The following species have been found: Gonocnemis borneensis Ardoin, 1964, G. sericeus sericeus (Fabricius, 1801), G. sumatrensis Pic, 1915, Paragonocnemis (Borneogonocnemis) ruficolor (Pic, 1936), and P. (B.) ardoini Bremer, 1991. Additional newly described and illustrated species are Gonocnemis fouquei sp. nov. and G. schawalleri sp. nov. The status of P. (B.) ardoini Bremer, 1991 and P. (B.) velutinus Bremer, 1998 is discussed. The following new synonymies are proposed: Gonocnemis minutus Pic, 1915 = G. minutissimus Pic, 1916, syn. nov. (the species occurs in Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia), and Paragonocnemis (Borneogonocnemsis) ardoini Bremer, 1991 = P. (B.) velutinus Bremer, 1998, syn. nov.
Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Wolski Andrzej
Published: April 2018

The plant bug tribe Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) is diagnosed and a worldwide key to the genera of the tribe is provided. The taxonomic review of the New World Cylapini genera Amapacylapus Carvalho & Fontes,1968 and Cylapus Say, 1832 is provided, including a key to species, diagnoses and redescriptions of genera and most included species, and descriptions of two new species, Amapacylapus unicolor sp. nov. (Ecuador) and Cylapus luridus sp. nov. (Brazil). Illustrations of the male genitalia, color photographs of the adult and scanning electron micrographs of the selected species are provided. The genus Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Cylapus with all species currently placed in Cylapocerus transferred to Cylapus. The following new combinations are established: Cylapus amazonicus (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov., Cylapus antennatus (Carvalho & Fontes, 1968) comb. nov., and Cylapus tucuruiensis (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov. Peltidocylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) is transferred to the genus Amapacylapus as Amapacylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) comb. nov. Male neotype is designated for Cylapus tenuicornis Say, 1832. The following new country records are provided: Amapacylapus amapariensis Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 (Ecuador, Guyana); Cylapus amazonicus (Bolivia, Ecuador); Cylapus antennatus (Ecuador); Cylapus citus Bergroth, 1922 (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru); Cylapus marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (Nicaragua, Panama); Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador); Cylapus tenuicornis (USA); Cylapus tucuruiensis (Venezuela).
Morphology and biology of Malachius prolongatus (Coleoptera: Melyridae: Malachiinae)
Authors: Asano Makoto
Published: April 2018

Oviposition behaviour, early instars and adult sexual dimorphism of Malachius (Malachius) prolongatus Motschulsky, 1866 (Coleoptera: Melyridae: Malachiinae) are described. Larval morphogenesis and the timing of developmental events are compiled and compared with larval development of three malachiine species studied before. Larvae of Malachius prolongatus at the time of egg hatch exhibit the most advanced morphogenesis currently known in malachiine beetles, especially in the development of labrum, antennae, mandibular condyles, maxillary and labial palps and prolegs. However, similar to previously studied genera, they also bear thoracic egg bursters.
Revision of Epuraea of New Zealand (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: Jelínek Josef , Leschen Richard A. B. , Hájek Jiří
Published: April 2018

Species of the genus Epuraea Erichson, 1845 from New Zealand are revised and redescribed. The New Zealand fauna comprises six species. One new species, Epuraea glabrata sp. nov. is described. Epuraea mayendorfii (Reitter, 1873) is provided as a valid replacement name for Nitidula lateralis (White, 1846), not Nitidula lateralis C. R. Sahlberg, 1820. One new synonymy is proposed, Epuraea mayendorfii (Reitter, 1873) = Epuraea zealandica Sharp, 1878, syn. nov.
Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
Authors: Macháčková Lenka , Mikátová Šárka , Hájek Jiří
Published: April 2018

Type specimens from the collection of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, are currently being catalogued. In this part of catalogue dealing with staphylinine subfamilies Euaesthetinae, Leptotyphlinae, Megalopsidiinae, Oxyporinae, and Steninae we present information on types of four species of Euaesthetinae, two species of Leptotyphlinae, six species of Megalopsidiinae, one species of Oxyporinae, and 130 species of Steninae. Except for the general collection, the type material came mostly from the recently acquired collection of the late Lubomír Hromádka.
Surplus interword phonological similarity in English multiword units
Authors: Lindstromberg Seth
Published: April 2018

Previous studies found that English figurative idioms alliterate at above chance levels. To permit estimation of amounts of surplus alliteration Gries (2011) calculated baseline levels using an analytic method. This article reports a follow-on investigation covering types of multiword unit (MWU) and types of interword, intraMWU phonological similarity (PhS) considered neither by Gries nor by an even earlier study. In contrast to Gries (2011), baseline levels of PhS were estimated using a stochastic method. In samples of figurative idioms upward departures from baseline levels – expressed as standardized effect sizes – ranged from small to medium for assonance, up to large for alliteration, and even larger for rhyme and alliteration-with-assonance. For samples of (relatively) non-idiomatic MWUs upward departures from baselines were generally small or, in the case of academic collocations, downward. The practicality of the stochastic method is discussed, as are a possible role of interword PhS in the conventionalization of word strings and possible roles of interword, intra-idiom PhS in oral communication. Overall, the findings are problematic for a non-usage-based theory but compatible with a cognitive linguistic theory in which motivation can operate entirely within the phonological pole of a MWU.
Computations on register machines with counters
Authors: Savitskiy Igor V.
Published: April 2018

Computational capabilities of register machines with counters is investigated. It is shown that the class of functions that are strictly computable on register machines with counters agrees with that of total recursive functions.
Preparation of slow release nanopesticide microspheres from benzoyl lignin
Authors: Zhou Mingsong , Xiong Zicao , Yang Dongjie , Pang Yuxia , Wang Dongping , Qiu Xueqing
Published: April 2018

In this paper, benzoyl lignin (BzL) was prepared from alkali lignin (AL) by hydrophobic modification, and then nanospheres (BzLCN) were prepared by the reverse solvent method of BzL and λ-cyhalothrin (λC), while BzL served as the carrier material. BzLCN particle size was decreasing with the increasing amount of BzL reaching the minimum diameters of 90–100 nm. The emulsifier 600#further reduces the particle size to about 40 nm. The prepared BzLCN had a remarkable slow release property, while the emulsifier increased the release rate. The formation mechanism of BzLCN showed that BzL mainly contains carboxyl groups and acts as a carrier material. BzL tends to aggregate on the surface of BzLCN nanospheres and provides negative charge and contributes to maintaining its stability. The hydrophobic λC moves toward the interior of the nanospheres. The emulsifier adsorbed on the surface of BzLCN is a steric hindrance and enhances the stability of BzLCN.
Insights into the activity control of the kallikrein-related peptidase 6: small-molecule modulators and allosterism
Authors: Soualmia Feryel , Bosc Elodie , Amiri Sabrina Aït , Stratmann Dirk , Magdolen Viktor , Darmoul Dalila , Reboud-Ravaux Michèle , El Amri Chahrazade
Published: April 2018

The activity of kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is deregulated in various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. KLK6 is thus considered as an attractive therapeutical target. In this short report, we depict some novel findings on the regulation of the KLK6 activity. Namely, we identified mechanism-based inhibitors (suicide substrates) from an in-house library of 6-substituted coumarin-3-carboxylate derivatives. In addition, a molecular dynamics study evidenced the allosteric behavior of KLK6 similar to that previously observed for some trypsin-like serine proteases. This allosteric behavior together with the coumarinic scaffold bring new opportunities for the design of KLK6 potent activity modulators, useful as therapeutics or activity-based probes.
Neuronal RNP granules: from physiological to pathological assemblies
Authors: De Graeve Fabienne , Besse Florence
Published: April 2018

Neuronal cells rely on macro- and micro-cellular compartmentalization to rapidly process information, and respond locally to external stimuli. Such a cellular organization is achieved via the assembly of neuronal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, dynamic membrane-less organelles enriched in RNAs and associated regulatory proteins. In this review, we discuss how these high-order structures transport mRNAs to dendrites and axons, and how they contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of localized mRNA translation. We also highlight how recent biophysical studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying neuronal RNP granule dynamic assembly, remodeling and maturation, in both physiological and pathological contexts.
Unwiderstehliche Horizonte? Zum konzeptionellen Wandel von Hanseraum, Reich und Europa bei Fritz Rörig und Carl Schmitt
Authors: Groth Carsten , Höhn Philipp
Published: April 2018

Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem Wandel von Rauminterpretationen und Europavorstellungen in der deutschen Mediävistik und dem Völkerrecht in den 1940er Jahren am Beispiel des Hansehistorikers Fritz Rörig und Carl Schmitts. Ausgehend von den Diskussionen zwischen Rörig und Schmitt um die Figur des Piraten, die aus ihrer Bekanntschaft aus dem „Kriegseinsatz der Geisteswissenschaften“ entstand, wird nach den Verschränkungen geschichtswissenschaftlicher Konzepte mit zeitpolitischen Fragestellungen gefragt. Unser Beitrag zeigt, dass die als Fragmentierung erfahrene Kriegsniederlage von 1918, der Nationalsozialismus, aber besonders die Kriegserfolge zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges für Intellektuelle wie Schmitt und Rörig katalytisch wirkten, um sich vom Nationalstaat als konstantem Bezugspunkt zu lösen und historische Phänomene mit Begriffen jenseits des Staats zu fassen. Er argumentiert, dass der Schlüssel zu diesem Wandel im relativen Raumverständnis Schmitts und Rörigs lag, nach dem Räume durch soziale Operationen konstituiert wurden. Während Schmitt mit seiner „völkerrechtlichen Großraumordnung“ überstaatliche Reiche zu Völkerrechtssubjekten aufwertete, gelangte Rörig in enger Korrespondenz zu einer Neubewertung des Verhältnisses von Raum, Reich, Hanse und Europa. An die Stelle einer national verstandenen Hanse, die Teil einer protoglobalisierten Weltwirtschaft gewesen sei, verstand er sie nun als Träger eines europäischen Großraumes. Die Vagheit dieser Konzepte ermöglichte ihre Umschreibung nach 1945. Während die Raum- und Reichskonzepte in den 1990er Jahren erst neu entdeckt wurden, setzten die sich von Rörig zur Legitimation des deutschen Eroberungskrieges vorgebrachten Ansätze, historische Phänomene wie die Hanse nicht mehr in einem nationalen, sondern spezifisch europäischen Rahmen zu fassen, nahtlos durch.
Baptisten und 1918/19. Zum Verhältnis von Freikirche und Staat in der Gründungsphase der Weimarer Republik
Authors: Baumann Imanuel
Published: April 2018

Nach dem Ende der Verbindung von Thron und Altar musste das Verhältnis von Kirche und Staat in Deutschland grundlegend neu geordnet werden. Welche Auswirkungen hatte das aber für die Freikirchen? Wie haben sich Freikirchen und Staatsgewalt am Anfang der Weimarer Republik zueinander positioniert, wie haben sie agiert und reagiert? Diese Fragen sollen am Beispiel einer der größten Freikirchen in Deutschland, den Baptisten, exemplarisch analysiert werden. Zunächst beleuchtet der Beitrag die Wahrnehmung von Revolution und Republik seitens des offiziellen Baptismus; in einem zweiten Schritt geht er auf die Behandlung von Freikirchen in der verfassungsgebenden Nationalversammlung ein und widmet sich schließlich, drittens, der Praxis der Verleihung von Körperschaftsrechten nach 1919. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Baptisten dem revolutionären Geschehen von 1918/19 verhalten und kritisch gegenüberstanden, sich jedoch rasch und pragmatisch auf die neuen Gegebenheiten einstellten: Nach der Verabschiedung der Weimarer Reichsverfassung bemühten sie sich intensiv um die Körperschaftsrechte. Doch die staatliche Anerkennung und vollständige rechtliche Gleichstellung mit den Landeskirchen verlief äußert schleppend. Mit dem Ende des Staatskirchentums war für die Freikirchen keine abrupte Zäsur in religionsverfassungsrechtlicher Hinsicht verbunden; es markierte vielmehr den Beginn einer längeren Entwicklung, eines Prozesses, der sich auch nach 1945 noch fortsetzte. Der Kampf der Baptisten um die Körperschaftsrechte in der Weimarer Republik kann dabei als ein Reflex auf ihre Verfolgungsgeschichte im 19. Jahrhundert gedeutet werden.
Techniker an der Macht. Der Ingenieur-Politiker im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Uekötter Frank
Published: April 2018

Der Aufsatz diskutiert, warum Ingenieure in der Zeit von 1930 bis 1970 auffallend häufig in politische Spitzenpositionen aufstiegen, obwohl sie weder zuvor noch danach in nennenswerter Zahl zur politischen Funktionselite zählten. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet in deutsch-amerikanisch vergleichender Perspektive den sozial- und professionsgeschichtlichen Kontext, den autoritären Führungsstil dieser Politiker sowie die unter ihrer Ägide rasant wachsenden Behörden. Als entscheidender Faktor für den Aufstieg präsentieren sich die Verfügbarkeit großer finanzieller Mittel für Infrastrukturprogramme im Gefolge der Weltwirtschaftskrise und die dadurch ermöglichten Bauprogramme von neuartigem Umfang und Geschwindigkeit. Bestehende Wege politischer und administrativer Kontrolle wurden durch den präzedenzlosen Arbeitstakt quasi umgangen. In der Nachkriegszeit erodierten sukzessive die Sonderbedingungen, die den Aufstieg von Ingenieuren in politische Spitzenpositionen ermöglicht hatten, so dass Infrastrukturprojekte zunehmend gesichtslos wirkten.
A converse result for Banach space convergence rates in Tikhonov-type convex regularization of ill-posed linear equations
Authors: Flemming Jens
Published: April 2018

We consider Tikhonov-type variational regularization of ill-posed linear operator equations in Banach spaces with general convex penalty functionals.
Upper bounds for certain error measures expressing the distance between exact and regularized solutions, especially for Bregman distances, can be obtained from variational source conditions.
We prove that such bounds are optimal in case of twisted Bregman distances, a specific a priori parameter choice, and low regularity of the exact solution, that is, the rate function is also an asymptotic lower bound for the error measure. This result extends existing converse results from Hilbert space settings to Banach spaces without adhering to spectral theory.
Dehydrogenation of alcohols and polyols from a hydrogen production perspective
Authors: Campos Jesús
Published: April 2018

The production of hydrogen from renewable resources is still a major challenge in our way to reach a foreseen hydrogen economy. Abstracting the hydrogen contained in alcohols by means of acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions has emerged as a viable method with high potential. This is particularly true when applied to bio-based alcohols such as ethanol, glycerol or sugars, whose hydrogen extrusion is covered in this contribution. A general overview of the development of aceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation reactions and its potential implementation into future biorefineries are discussed.
Accelerated Ageing of Parchment: Investigation of a Photo Catalysed, Low-Heat Approach
Authors: Kern Marie Sarah , Pataki-Hundt Andrea , Wouters Jan , Kirby Daniel P.
Published: April 2018

Accelerated ageing is an often-used tool in conservation research, yet difficult to apply to parchment due to the materials inherent heat sensitivity. The complexity of this organic material makes the analysis of its deterioration especially challenging. An attempt to develop a non-heat ageing protocol for parchment is described in this paper. The work was performed within the scope of a MA-thesis at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart. Samples of a modern new limed goat parchment and pieces of reconstituted parchment made from bovine hide powder were subjected to a combination of light ageing and dynamic ageing at moderate temperatures. All samples were analysed with the goal to observe degradation on as many structural levels as possible: colour measurement via VIS spectrometry and light-microscopic observation of fibre damage were employed to assess visible changes. Shrinkage temperature (Ts) was measured as an indicator for the amount of intact intrafibrillar bonds and the determination of the maximum moisture absorption capacity gave an impression on the parchments overall level of hygroscopy. In addition, PMF (Peptid Mass Fingerprinting) via MALDI/MS TOF was performed on extracts from unaged and light aged goat parchment. The results of the different types of analysis showed significant degradation on different structural levels of the parchment, indicating that accelerated ageing of parchment that uses a combination of light and dynamic ageing may be a viable alternative to the more commonly applied thermal ageing.
New homogenization method for diffusion equations
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuri A.
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we propose and investigate a new homogenization method for diffusion problems in domains with multiple inclusions with large values of diffusion coefficients. The diffusion problem is approximated by the P1-finite element method on a triangular mesh. The underlying algebraic problem is replaced by a special system with a saddle point matrix. For the solution of the saddle point system we use the typical asymptotic expansion. We prove the error estimates and convergence of the expanded solutions. Numerical results confirm the theoretical conclusions.
Semi-Lagrangian difference approximations with different stability requirements
Authors: Shaidurov Vladimir V. , Vyatkin Alexander V. , Kuchunova Elena V.
Published: April 2018

The paper demonstrates different ways of using the semi-Lagrangian approximation depending on the fulfillment of conservation laws. A one-dimensional continuity equation and a parabolic one are taken as simple methodological examples. For these equations, the principles of constructing discrete analogues are demonstrated for three different conservation laws (or the requirements of stability in the related discrete norms similar to the L1, L2, L∞-norms). It is significant that different conservation laws yield difference problems of different types as well as different ways to justify their stability.
Effect of reinforcements on polymer matrix bio-composites – an overview
Authors: Das Lala Sumit , Deoghare Ashish B. , Chatterjee Sushovan
Published: April 2018

The inherent properties of bio-composites such as biodegradability, environment friendly, low cost of production, high strength and durability make them a suitable replacement to traditional materials such as glass and nylon. Bio-polymers are finding wide applications due to their intrinsic properties such as low density, low thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and ease of manufacturing complex shapes. This paper aims toward a comprehensive study on polymer bio-composites. The review mainly focuses on types of reinforcements such as natural fibers, seed shells, animal fibers, cellulose, bio-polymers, bio-chemicals and bioceramics which enhance the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, Young’s modulus and creep behavior, of the composites. The pertinent study carried out in this review explores an enormous potentiality of the composites toward a wide variety of applications.
Myocardial ischaemia as a result of external coronary compression from infective aortic root aneurysm: atypical presentation of prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Sekar Baskar , Wheeler Richard , Masani Navroz , Gallagher Sean
Published: April 2018

This case describes an unusual presentation of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE): an acute coronary syndrome. A 67-year-old male presented with cardiac sounding chest pain on a background of a short history of night sweats, weight loss and general malaise. Four months previously, he had undergone bio-prosthetic aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis and single vessel bypass grafting of the obtuse marginal. Whilst having chest pain, his ECG showed infero-lateral ST depression. Early coronary angiography revealed a new right coronary artery (RCA) lesion that was not present prior to his cardiac surgery. Using multi-modality cardiac imaging, the diagnosis of PVE was made. An aortic root abscess was demonstrated that was causing external compression of the RCA.
Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG
Authors: Lemos Lorena Moreira Carvalho , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum , Siqueira Dalmo Lopes de , Pereira Olinto Liparini , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2018

Abstract There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of ‘Ubá’ mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the ‘Ubá’ mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of ‘Ubá’ mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the ‘Ubá’ mangoes.
Ensino de biologia e história e filosofia da ciência: uma análise qualitativa das pesquisas acadêmicas produzidas no Brasil (1983-2013)
Authors: Augusto Thaís Gimenez da Silva , Basilio Leticia Vieira
Published: April 2018

Resumo O presente estudo se propôs a analisar qualitativamente as dissertações e teses produzidas entre 1983 e 2013, relativas ao Ensino de Biologia que têm como foco temático a História e Filosofia da Ciência, a fim de apontar as contribuições do conjunto dos trabalhos para o ensino e a pesquisa. Os descritores considerados para a análise foram autor, orientador, ano de defesa, grau de titulação (mestrado ou doutorado), programa de pós-graduação, universidade, área de conteúdo, nível escolar e problemáticas de investigação. Foram localizados 86 trabalhos, sendo o primeiro defendido em 1983. Após a leitura, os trabalhos foram classificados em sete problemáticas de investigação: análise de livros didáticos; propostas de ensino; concepções de alunos; concepções de professores; formação de professores; currículo; e contribuições da História e Filosofia da Biologia para o ensino.
O que dizem as propostas curriculares do Brasil sobre o tema saúde e as doenças negligenciadas?: aportes para a educação em saúde no ensino de ciências
Authors: Assis Sheila Soares de , Araujo-Jorge Tania Cremonini
Published: April 2018

Resumo As doenças negligenciadas correspondem a um grupo de agravos de relevância nacional e internacional. O tema das doenças negligenciadas precisa transcender o setor da saúde e sua abordagem deve estar presente também no ensino. Além disso, o controle e a prevenção destes agravos, bem como a saúde, necessitam ser compreendidos como um fenômeno multifacetado. Analisamos o tema das doenças negligenciadas nas propostas curriculares dos estados brasileiros destinados à disciplina de Ciências do 6º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Reunimos ao todo 24 propostas curriculares. Os resultados apontaram que somente nove destes currículos abordaram as doenças negligenciadas como conteúdos de relevância e que persiste ainda a ideia de que a saúde é um bem restritamente biológico ou produto de ações prescritivas e ganhos cognitivos.
John Dewey e os embates sobre a psicologia do número
Authors: Rabelo Rafaela Silva
Published: April 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo teve como foco as representações de John Dewey acerca da educação matemática. Especificamente, teve como objetivo explorar as representações de Dewey sobre o ensino de aritmética e o conceito de número, com base em textos que escreveu após a publicação do manual The psychology of number (TPN), do qual foi coautor. Subsidiaram a análise duas cartas de Dewey em resposta a críticas feitas ao TPN e uma resenha. Alguns dos conceitos mobilizados foram representação, campo e lugar social/institucional, com base em Roger Chartier, Michel de Certeau e Pierre Bourdieu. Ficaram evidentes as disputas entre campos, principalmente entre psicologia e matemática, na determinação de quem possui legitimidade para arbitrar sobre o ensino de aritmética. Também transparecem representações de Dewey acerca da educação matemática, sendo que ele reiterou algumas posições presentes no TPN, como a natureza psíquica do número e a relação com os conceitos de medida e razão.
Reflexões sobre os efeitos da transnacionalização de currículos e da colonialidade do saber/poder em cooperações internacionais: foco na educação em ciências
Authors: Cassiani Suzani
Published: April 2018

Resumo: O Timor-Leste, desde sua independência em 2002, conta com várias cooperações educacionais. Por mais de uma década o Brasil enviou anualmente 50 professores para atuarem na formação de professores em serviço. Porém, ao coordenar esse programa, nos perguntamos até que ponto essas ações poderiam causar efeitos da transnacionalização de currículos, impondo formas de colonialidade do saber/poder. Para tanto, analisamos algumas condições de produção desses discursos em documentos oficiais e em um livro didático elaborado pela cooperação portuguesa. Apontamos que, se por um lado as cooperações internacionais travaram um monólogo eurocêntrico, verticalizado, no qual os saberes locais são silenciados, por outro pode proporcionar o contato com importantes conhecimentos que contribuem na educação para a cidadania e para a consolidação da paz. Esperamos que essas reflexões, no campo da educação em ciências, possam ser propositivas e contribuir com ambos os países, nesse movimento de cooperação educacional sul-sul.
Serological survey of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) at the Curitiba Zoo, southern Brazil
Authors: Morikawa Vivien M. , Zimpel Cristina K. , Paploski Igor A.D. , Kikuti Mariana , Castro Vanessa , Lopes Marcia O. , Biondo Alexander W. , Barros Filho Ivan R. de
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis, affecting humans, domestic and wild animals. The present study aimed to evaluate prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Barbary sheep at the Curitiba zoo. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed using 17 serogroups. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were observed in 23.5% samples and Icterohaemorrhagiae was the only prevalent serogroup. The presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in Barbary sheep indicates exposure to leptospires; thus monitoring and preventive measures are necessary in zoo’s captive animals, since they can act as sentinels of environmental exposure in an area with high movement of people.