bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Özel Yetenek Sınavına Hazırlanan Bireylerin Yetersizlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Türkçapar Ünal , Eroğlu Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Spor bilimleri fakülteleri özel yetenek sınavına hazırlanan bireylerin yetersizlik düzeylerinin nasıl şekillendiği incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021 yılında Kahramanmaraş ilinde spor bilimleri fakülteleri özel yetenek sınavı hazırlık gruplarında bulunan 108 erkek ve 152 kadından oluşan toplam 260 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada verilerin toplanması için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ve Yetersizlik duygusu Ölçeği kullanıldı. Ayrıca katılımcıların yetersizlik duygusu düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla; Akdoğan ve Ceyhan (2012) tarafından geliştirilen yetersizlik duygusu ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak SPSS 21.0 istatistik programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin Yetersizlik duygusu ile alt boyutları (Cesaretin kırılması (CK) puanı ortalaması 19.22 ± 5.60, Kendi değerini yadsıma (KDY) puanının ortalaması 12.87 ± 4.28, Yararsız üstünlük çabası (YÜÇ) puanının ortalaması) arasında pozitif yönde güçlü bir korelasyon vardır. Alt boyutların kendi aralarında ise pozitif yönde orta düzeyde korelasyon olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların yetersizlik duygusu düzeylerinin şekillenmesinde yaş ve okul başarısı düzeylerinin belirleyici faktör olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Celebrating Outstanding Science at the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology’s 30th Anniversary Congress
Authors: Bilgiç Asli , Bogdanov Ivan , Pasquali Paola , Suppa Mariano , Richard Marie-Aleth , F Murrell Dedee
Published: December 2021

THE ANNIVERSARY edition of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology’s (EADV) 30th Congress was held between 29th September and 2nd October 2021. As COVID-19 remains a barrier to global travel, the EADV’s 30th Anniversary Congress was staged virtually, providing access to the latest research, breakthroughs, and scientific advances to dermato-venereology professionals.
A Case Report: Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Presenting as Hoarseness Secondary to
Vocal Cord Palsy
Authors: Ng Kee Kwong Foon , Brodie Fiona , McArthur Claire , MacGregor Fiona
Published: December 2021

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a rare cause of a cranial nerve X palsy. Patients more commonly present with stroke or transient ischaemic attacks. An undetected and untreated ICA dissection can have serious consequences. Here, the authors present two cases of ICA dissection presenting with isolated vagal nerve palsy presenting with hoarseness. CT scans provided good evidence of ICA in both cases. The patients were treated with antiplatelet agents and made a good recovery with complete resolution of symptoms.
Successful Management of Parsonage–Turner Syndrome with Steroids in the Post-acute Weakness Phase: A Case Report
Authors: Butt Mehmood Ahmed , Agadi Kuchalambal , Butt Manju Mehmood , Butt Maliha Mehmood
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Parsonage–Turner Syndrome (PTS) is a rare disease of the brachial plexus of unclear aetiology. The limited data available typically describes involvement of branches of brachial nerves. The authors present a case of PTS with a rare combination of unilateral brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. They also highlight successful treatment with pharmacological intervention despite several months’ delay in diagnosis. The 35-year-old female presented with acute onset of severe left shoulder pain followed by severe progressive weakness of the left shoulder muscles, progressive weakness of her voice, nasal regurgitation of fluids, paroxysmal bouts of coughing, and exertional dyspnoea at rest. The symptoms remained undiagnosed for about 10 months. A clinical diagnosis of exclusion of PTS was finally made, and treatment with steroids, neurotropic drugs, and physiotherapy was started. The patient has recovered significantly since then and continues to improve.

Conclusion: The authors presented a case of PTS with a rare combination of brachial plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and phrenic nerve injuries. This case was also remarkable for the significant improvement in her symptoms with treatment, despite the delay in diagnosis. This bears evidence that steroids and adjuvant therapy is useful even months after onset of the disease.
Phytocoenology and Population Structure of Species of the Genus Malva L. in the Ganja-Gazakh Region (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Nasirovа A.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the mallow genus — Malva L. characteristic of the meadow vegetation of the Ganja-Gazakh region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. From 11 species of the genus Malva L. distributed on the territory of Azerbaijan, 4 species (Malva sylvestris L., Malva nicaeensis All., Fl. Pedem, Malva pusilla Sm., Malva parviflora L.) are found in the Ganja-Gazakh region. The species M. parviflora was first identified by us in this territory. The species M. parviflora and M. sylvestris are not widely distributed in this territory. The structure of populations of M. pusilla and M. nicaeensis species was studied. 7 populations in which M. pusilla and M. nicaeensis species are distributed were phytocoenological evaluated. 3 cenopopulations in which the species M. nicaeensis is common were evaluated in different years. All groups of plant ontogenesis are found in the studied populations. It was found that in different years in the populations of these two species of the genus mallow, recovery is weak, and aging is intense. During the analysis of the population structure, reproduction indices — Ib and aging — Iq were determined, which are important population indicators. The integral characteristic of the demographic structure of M. pusilla and M. nicaeensis species is determined, the populations are estimated, the composition, age (height) and the degree of effectiveness of their ontogenesis are studied. The dynamics of changing ontogenesis in the cenopopulations of M. pusilla and M. nicaeensis species in various environmental conditions, depending on the positive or negative influence of its factors on the structure of ontogenesis, is revealed.
Burn Wound Healing Activity of Prunella Grandiﬂora L. Exctract
Authors: Bolotnik E. V. , Alekseeva L. I. , Larionov L. P.
Published: December 2021

The qualitative composition of phenolic acids and burn wound healing activity of Prunella grandiﬂora L. extract were studied. The content of rosmarinic (621±5 mg/g), coffeic (11.2±0.2 mg/g), syringic (46.5±1.4 mg/g), n-coumaric (25.8±0.5 mg/g), and ferulic (42.7±2.9 mg/g) acids in dry extracts of P. grandiﬂora was determined by HPLC. Three new burn-healing agents of different composition containing 5% of the dry extract of Prunella grandiﬂora L. (big-ﬂowered self-heal) were developed. The developed agents were tested on male Wistar rats with second- and third-degree thermal burns. An assessment of skin restoration was carried out in experimental and control groups of animals. It was revealed that animals treated with the developed soft dosage forms restored the epithelium and coat 6–8 days faster that those treated with compositions containing no extract under study. It was found that the developed soft dosage forms based on P. grandiﬂora extract exhibit anti-inﬂammatory and wound-healing action.
Morphofunctional Changes in Oral Mucosa Vessels when Healing a Wound Defect Using a Polymer Membrane
Authors: Koniaeva A. D. , Varakuta E. Yu. , Leuman A. E.
Published: December 2021

This works aims to study morphofunctional changes in the vessels of the oral mucosa during regeneration of a wound defect with and without a polymer membrane.

An experiment was carried out on 35 white Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. To form a wound defect, a ﬂap of the oral mucosa was excised, which was covered by a polymeric piezoelectric membrane in the rats of group 2. Histological examination was carried out on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days: the control material was taken, histological preparations were made according to the standard method. In the lesion focus and surrounding tissues, speciﬁc areas and numerical densities of arterioles, venules and capillaries were determined; the pericapillary diffusion index, Kernogan index and arterio-venular ratio were calculated.

On the 3rd day, all indicators in all experimental groups did not signiﬁcantly differ from each other, but had signiﬁcant differences from the control group. On the 7th day of the study, in the 1st group, the numerical density of open arterioles and venules corresponded to the control group. In group 2, the numerical density of capillaries and altered venules, as well as the index of pericapillary diffusion, signiﬁcantly differed from the control. On the 12th day of the study, the numerical density of open venules reached control values in the uncoated group. In the 2nd group, all indicators corresponded to the control values.

Protection of the wound defect from microbial contamination and re-traumatization, the presence of piezoelectric properties of the membrane under study contributed to a more effective restoration of vessels. This conﬁrms the efﬁcacy of the membrane under study when used as a wound covering.
Sixth International Congress of Entomology, Madrid (1935): politics and science
Authors: Albaladejo C. Martín , Vivar F. Carmona
Published: December 2021

Using the Sixth International Congress of Entomology (Madrid, 1935) as an example, we present a representative case of science as a social construct and its importance to the history of the winning side of a war to construct a memory that supports its own version of events. The Congress was held prior to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939); however, the proceedings were not published until 1940. An examination of the proceedings and of archival documents show the exclusion of contributions initially intended for publication, particularly those by Spanish entomologists who were politically aligned with the Second Spanish Republic, the losing side, and who, as a result, suffered reprisals after the military conflict. These documents suggest that their contributions were rejected for reasons unrelated to their scientific investigations but due to the political inclinations of the editor.
USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO CREATE GEOGRAPHICAL BASES FOR THEMATIC MAPS
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Byamba Oyunkhand , Kasyanova Elena L. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2021

The development of science always depends on technological progress. Cartography is rapidly changing and developing with the introduction of new computer technologies, such as GIS and remote sensing of the Earth. Recently, there have been qualitatively new types of cartographic products, in particular 3D terrain models, which in cartography are becoming a universal, optimal and operational method for displaying terrain. The article discusses a method for creating a three-dimensional digital terrain model in the form of an irregular triangulation network based on SRTM data and GIS technology on the example of the Khenti aimag of Eastern Mongolia.
METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE FORECAST OF THE DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AREAS IN THE NOVGOROD REGION
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Belousov Artem O. , Bogdanov Vladimir L. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the problem of irrational use of agricultural land and land relations in the Novgorod region. The most important sign of such use is the annual reduction in the area of this category. Based on the use of the SPACE analysis method by the authors to assess the level of agricultural development in the Novgorod region, taking into account its natural resource potential, the position of this region in the North-Western Federal District was determined as with low agricultural production, and a number of problems in the field of land relations in the region that hinder rational land use were identified. In order to identify these problems, the authors used the method of extrapolating a number of dynamics with the calculation of optimistic and pessimistic ways of developing land relations in the region. As a result, the authors systematized the main reasons for the destruction of land relations in the Novgorod region into natural, organizational, economic and social ones, and also developed direc-tions for improving the use of agricultural land in the Novgorod region, including through the use of rental mechanisms, in order to achieve the rational use of such land.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL AREAS PROTECTION IN THE SYSTEM OF BIOLOGICAL FARMING
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Larionov Yurij S. , Baikov Konstantin S. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zharnikov Valeriy B. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to study the possibilities and develop recommendations for the formation of sustainable agricultural land use, primarily in relation to the protection and preservation of agricultural land in the system of biological farming (biofarming). The article characterizes the fundamentals of bio-agriculture, the role in its implementation of the law of soil fertility (Yu. S. Larionov, 2010), which determines a new vision of the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles for the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes. The main result of the research is determined as the system of basic land protection measures, which provides land fertility in the system of biolog-ical farming based on root turnover and regulation of edaphytic and epiphytic processes, and includes: the crop rotation of different root system types on each field; green manuring and mulching; performing agricultural melioration measures, providing additional conditions for interaction of biota and inert matter; saving and collecting of water, as the basic energoinformational component of the agroecosystem in root layer; preservation of the integrity of arable and other soil horizons with living organisms living in them and in adjacent areas (in the biocenosis); biological regulation of the growth and development of cultivated plants to ensure their protection; carrying out biostimulation of the organic residues decomposition processes. This is the main content of the soil protection system of agricultural land, the stable preservation of their fertility in the system of biofarming, which can become the basis of ecologically verified agricultural production in the near future.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GEODYNAMIC SITUATION OF THE VORONEZH CRYSTALLINE MASSIF FROM GEODETIC DATA
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Mazurov Boris T. , Panzhin Andrey A. ,   Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences (IM UВ RAS), Abzhaparova Dinara A. ,   Osh State University
Published: December 2021

Repeated geodetic measurements allow you to evaluate such geodetic elements as coordinates, heights, and directions. And also represent discretely the field of displacement vectors of geodesic points. The obtained vectors allow us to determine the stress-strain state of the earth's surface according to the accepted model. There is a reasonable opinion about the significant presence of rotational (vortex) movements in geodynamic processes. Here, the corresponding algorithms are used for the territory of the Voronezh Crystal massif. Separately, it is possible to calculate the differential characteristics of the vector field, called divergence (div) and rotor (vortex, rot, curl). The article proposes to determine the rotor field from discrete geodetic observations of displacement vectors on the surface of the studied territory. The most important continuation of this research work is the method of mathe-matical modeling of geodynamic systems for predictive purposes. For the study of complex (nonlinear) geodynamic processes, an appropriate mathematical basis should be chosen. Here, attention is drawn to the involvement of the mathematical foundations of field theory. To evaluate the characteristics of vector fields when using repeated geodetic measurements, the method of finite elements can be used. Dividing the territory under study into triangles allows us to determine the deformation characteristics after calculating the elements of the strain tensor. In particular, the value of the angular velocity of the triangle rotation relative to its center of gravity is found. Next, it is easy to calculate the value of the rotor. The example given in the article of real geodetic observations on the Voronezh crystal massif confirms the possibility of predicting the location of an upcoming seismic event – an earth-quake.
STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF THE FAULT ZONES ON VEGETATION COVER OF STATE TERRITORY OF THE NATURE SANCTUARY "DOLINSKY" (SAKHALIN ISLAND) USING EARTH’S REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors:   Sakhalin State University, Kuptsova Olesya V. , Lobishcheva Inna I. ,   Sakhalin State University, Verhoturov Alexey A. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melkiy Vyacheslav A. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Fault zones on the territory of Nature Sanctuary “Dolinsky” (Sakhalin Island), which are characterized by high geodynamic activity, are generally well distinguished when analyzing satellite imagery materials. In any territory, it is not difficult to identify the various plant communities that occupy it, as well as to determine their state by the content of phytomass determined by the vegetation index NDVI. The aim of the study is to test the validity of the hypothesis about the formation of abundant vegetation cover within the fault zones by analyzing the state of various plant communities by the volume of phytomass. Methods: decryption and analysis of Earth remote sensing data from Sentinel, Landsat and SRTM generation, geoinformation mapping on the ArcGIS platform. Results. In the course of the study, the state of the Nature Sanctuary “Dolinsky” analyzed by Landsat-8, Sentinel-2A satellite sur-veys, as well as SRTM data. Fault zones identified using the software systems ArcGIS, QGIS, and PyLEFA by lineament analysis, vegetation was classified by the maximum likelihood method, and its condition was determined by the values of the NDVI index, which reflects the content of phytomass in the study area. As result of the work carried out, an increase in phytomass revealed, and, consequently, good conditions for the growth of plant communities confined to the zones of distribution of faults of the earth's crust, and the reliability of the working hypothesis confirmed.
HISTORY OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND FURTHER TRENDS OF ITS USE IN CARTOGRAPHY
Authors:   Transport Monitoring Center LLC, Batyrova Karshiya S. , Poshivaylo Yaroslava G. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the application of augmented reality (Augment Reality, AR) technologies in cartography. A review of the main stages of the formation of technologies and significant achievements in various spheres of human activity is carried out. An overview of the manufacturers of devices and technologies holding leading positions in the augmented reality market is made. Two main directions of AR application in cartography are highlighted: expansion of analog maps and improvement of navigation applications. A comparative analysis of navigation cartographic applications with augmented reality from the point of view of their functionality is given. A scheme of the use of AR technology in cartography is given, in which marker-based, markerless and spatial variants of augmented reality technology are considered. The conclusion about the need for wider introduction of augmented reality technologies into thematic cartography is made.
Shared Vowels in English Loanwords in Arabic: Variation in Similarity-Based Adaptation
Authors: Alahmari Musa
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates vowel adaptation in English-based loanwords by a group of Saudi Arabic speakers, concentrating exclusively on shared vowels between the two languages. It examines 5 long vowels shared by the two vowel systems in terms of vowel quality and vowel duration in loanword productions by 22 participants and checks them against the properties of the same vowels in native words. To this end, the study performs an acoustic analysis of 660 tokens (loan and native vowel sounds) through Praat to measure the first two formants (F1: vowel height and F2: vowel advancement) of each vowel sound at two temporal points of time (T1: the vowel onset and T2: the peak of the vowel) as well as a durational analysis to examine vowel length. It reports that measurements of the first two formants of vowels in native words appear to be stable during the two temporal points while values of the same vowel sounds occurring in loanwords are fluctuating from T1 to T2 and that durational differences exist between loanword vowels in comparison with vowels of native words in such a way that vowels in native words are longer in duration than the same vowels appearing in loanwords..
The Refined Image of the Oriental in Browning’s Two Victorian Plays:
A Psychoanalytic Reading
Authors: Khaled Al-Jezawi Hanan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which Robert Browning dissociates himself from the predominant Orientalist mode that viewed the Orient as a zone for exoticism. Despite his misconception of the Orient, there are bright aspects in his plays which can be described as a kind of reverence and respect. The study is a psychoanalytic reading of the oppressed Oriental who tries to assimilate, yet he fails. Consequently, psychological problems such as alienation that results from racial prejudice, a damaged self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts develop. At the same time, the study examines betrayal. In other words, the characters surrounding the central character allow Browning to construe the loyalty of the protagonist and the reversal involved in betrayal as stoically accepted. Luria: A Tragedy (1846) and The Return of the Druses (1843) are two Victorian plays to be explored in this study drawing on Frantz Fanon’s psychoanalytic criticism..
The Effect of Ultrasonic Surgery Tool in the Treatment of Tonsillolithiasis
Authors: TUNA YALÇINOZAN Eda
Published: December 2021

Objective
This study aimed to reveal the effects of the ultrasonic surgical tools in tonsillolith treatment alongside its complaints as an office-based surgical procedure.
Material and Method
Forty-four patients included in this study who were aware of the white-yellowish lesions on their tonsils concurrently complained of either halitosis and/or the foreign body sensation. Patients were asked to mark their pain scores on the visual analog scale for the pain on the 1st day after the procedure. Halitosis and foreign body sensation were questionnaired before the procedure. The surgical procedure was performed under local anesthesia with the probe of the ultrasonic surgical tool after the tonsilloliths were removed. Tonsils were examined again, also halitosis and foreign body sensation were questionnaired on the postoperative 6th and 12th month period.
Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in the patients’ halitosis complaint on the postoperative 6th (p=0.001) and 12th (p=0.000) month when compared to first attendance to the clinic. The foreign body sensation in the throat also had a statistically significant decrease in the postoperative 6th (p=0.000) and 12th month (p=0.000). Results showed that there is a statistically significant improvement of tonsilloliths on the postoperative 6th month (p=0.000) and 12th month (p=0.000).
Conclusion
The use of ultrasonic surgical tools in the treatment of tonsilloliths can be a favorable one-day office procedure. With its short duration of application, the lower pain scores, the day to return a normal diet, and its satisfactory results this procedure can be carried out easily and safely.
ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ «НОВЫЕ СКИФЫ» В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена истории становления и функционирования общественно-политического движения «Новые скифы», возникшего в начале 2010-х годов на идейной платформе, близкой к евразийцам и неоевразийцам. Движение возглавил один из участников молодежного крыла евразийцев П. В. Зарифуллин, он же стал главным его идейным вдохновителем. «Новые скифы» опираются на наследие Л. Н. Гумилева, но берут за точку отсчета не степняков вообще (тюрок, монгольские племена и др.), а древних скифов. Поэтому свою мировоззренческую задачу они видят в смене вектора российской истории, вместо праславянской основы они обращаются к древнескифской. Анализируя основные письменные труды Зарифуллина, а также учитывая его видеовыступления, автор статьи приходит к выводу об использовании парарелигиозных методов, близких к сектантским, для привлечения единомышленников. Движение имеет деструктивный характер, в идейном багаже его основателя немало русофобии, антицерковных (против православия) высказываний, и в целом этот утопический проект предполагает идейное освобождение территории от всего имеющегося исторического наследия.
The article is devoted to the history of the formation and functioning of the social and political movement «New Scythians», which arose in the early 2010s on an ideological platform close to the Eurasians and neo-Eurasians. The movement was headed by one of the members of the youth wing of the Eurasianists P.V. Zarifullin, he also became its main ideological inspirer. «New Scythians» rely on the legacy of L. N. Gumilyov, but they take as a starting point not the steppe inhabitants in general (Turks, Mongol tribes, etc.), but the ancient Scythians. Therefore, they see their ideological task in changing the vector of Russian history, instead of the Proto-Slavic basis, they turn to the Old Scythian one. Analyzing the main written works of Zarifullin, as well as taking into account his video performances, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that para-religious methods, close to sectarian ones, are used to attract like-minded people. The movement has a destructive character, in the ideological baggage of its founder there is a lot of Russophobia, anti-church (against Orthodoxy) statements, and in general, this utopian project presupposes the ideological liberation of the territory from all existing historical heritage.
ZO-1 Intracellular Localization Organizes Immune Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Neyrinck-Leglantier Déborah , Lesage Julien , Blacher Silvia , Bonnomet Arnaud , Hunziker Walter , Noël Agnès , Dormoy Valérian , Nawrocki-Raby Béatrice , Gilles Christine , Polette Myriam
Published: December 2021

Delocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from tight junctions plays a substantial role in epithelial cell plasticity observed during tumor progression. In vitro, we reported an impact of ZO-1 cyto-nuclear content in modulating the secretion of several pro-inflammatory chemokines. In vivo, we demonstrated that it promotes the recruitment of immune cells in mouse ear sponge assays. Examining lung cancers, we showed that a high density of CD8 cytotoxic T cells and Foxp3 immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment correlated with a cyto-nuclear expression of ZO-1. Taken together, our results support that, by affecting tumor cell secretome, the cyto-nuclear ZO-1 pool may recruit immune cells, which could be permissive for tumor progression.
Mass Spectrometry for O-GlcNAcylation
Authors: Yin Ruoting , Wang Xin , Li Cheng , Gou Yuhan , Ma Xuecheng , Liu Yongzhao , Peng Jianfang , Wang Chao , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2021

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) at proteins with low-abundance expression level and species diversity, shows important roles in plenty of biological processes. O-GlcNAcylations with abnormal expression levels are associated with many diseases. Systematically profiling of O-GlcNAcylation at qualitative or quantitative level is vital for their function understanding. Recently, the combination of affinity enrichment, metabolic labeling or chemical tagging with mass spectrometry (MS) have made significant contributions to structure-function mechanism elucidating of O-GlcNAcylations in organisms. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive update of MS-based methodologies for quali-quantitative characterization of O-GlcNAcylation.
Effects of Negation and Uncertainty Stratification on Text-Derived Patient Profile Similarity
Authors: Slater Luke T. , Karwath Andreas , Hoehndorf Robert , Gkoutos Georgios V.
Published: December 2021

Semantic similarity is a useful approach for comparing patient phenotypes, and holds the potential of an effective method for exploiting text-derived phenotypes for differential diagnosis, text and document classification, and outcome prediction. While approaches for context disambiguation are commonly used in text mining applications, forming a standard component of information extraction pipelines, their effects on semantic similarity calculations have not been widely explored. In this work, we evaluate how inclusion and disclusion of negated and uncertain mentions of concepts from text-derived phenotypes affects similarity of patients, and the use of those profiles to predict diagnosis. We report on the effectiveness of these approaches and report a very small, yet significant, improvement in performance when classifying primary diagnosis over MIMIC-III patient visits.
Microhabitat Variability in Human Evolution
Authors: Patalano Robert , Hamilton Rebecca , Finestone Emma , Amano Noel , Heddell-Stevens Phoebe , Itambu Makarius , Petraglia Michael , Roberts Patrick
Published: December 2021

Climate variability and hominin evolution are inextricably linked. Yet, hypotheses examining the impact of large-scale climate shifts on hominin landscape ecology are often constrained by proxy data coming from off-site lake and ocean cores and temporal offsets between paleoenvironmental and archaeological records. Additionally, landscape response data (most commonly, records of vegetation change), are often used as a climate proxy. This is problematic as it assumes that vegetation change signifies global or regional climate shifts without accounting for the known non-linear behavior of ecological systems and the often-significant spatial heterogeneity in habitat structure and response. The exploitation of diverse, rapidly changing habitats byHomoby at least two million years ago highlights that the ability to adapt to landscapes in flux had emerged by the time of our genus’ African origin. To understand ecosystem response to climate variability, and hominin adaptations to environmental complexity and ecological diversity, we need cross-disciplinary datasets in direct association with stratified archaeological and fossil assemblages at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. In this article, we propose a microhabitat variability framework for understandingHomo’s adaptability to fluctuating climates, environments, and resource bases. We argue that the exploitation of microhabitats, or unique ecologically and geographically defined areas within larger habitats and ecoregions, was a key skill that allowedHomoto adapt to multiple climates zones and ecoregions within and beyond Africa throughout the Pleistocene.
Climate Change Projections of Temperature Over the Coastal Area of China Using SimCLIM
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Hou Xiyong , Piao Yingchao , Feng Aiqing , Li Yinpeng
Published: December 2021

Facing the western Pacific Ocean and backed by the Eurasian continent, the coastal area of China (hereafter as CAC) is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change due to the compound effects of land-ocean-atmosphere, and thus is prone to suffer huge climate-related disaster losses because of its large population density and fast developed economy in the context of global warming. Here in this study the near- (2040), mid- (2070), and long-future (2100) mean, minimum, and maximum temperature (Tmean, Tmin, and Tmax) projections based on the statistic downscaling climate prediction model (SimCLIM) integrated with 44 General Circulation Models (GCMs) of CMIP5 under three representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) scenarios are evaluated over CAC and its sub-regions. Multi-model ensemble of the selected GCMs demonstrated that there was a dominating and consistent warming trend of Tmean, Tmin, and Tmax in the Chinese coastal area in the future. Under RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios, the annual temperature increase was respectively projected to be in the range of 0.8–1.2°C for 2040, 1.5–2.7°C for 2070, and 1.6–4.4°C for 2100 over the entire CAC. Moreover, a spatial differentiation of temperature changes both on the sub-regional and meteorological station scales was also revealed, generally showing an increment with “high south and low north” for annual average Tmean but “high north and low south” for Tmin and Tmax. An obvious lower increase of Tmean in the hotter months like July and August in the south and a significant sharper increment of Tmin and Tmax in the colder months such as January, February, and December in the north were expected in the future. Results derived from this study are anticipated to provide insights into future temperature changes and also assist in the development of target climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in the coastal area of China.
Preclinical Immune Response and Safety Evaluation of the Protein Subunit Vaccine Nanocovax for COVID-19
Authors: Tran Thi Nhu Mai , May Bruce Pearson , Ung Trong Thuan , Nguyen Mai Khoi , Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang , Dinh Van Long , Doan Chinh Chung , Tran The Vinh , Khong Hiep , Nguyen Thi Thanh Truc , Hua Hoang Quoc Huy , Nguyen Viet Anh , Ha Tan Phat , Phan Dang Luu , Nguyen Truong An , Bui Thi Ngoc , Tu Tieu My , Nguyen Thi Theo , Le Thi Thuy Hang , Dong Thi Lan , Huynh Trong Hieu , Ho Phien Huong , Le Nguyen Thanh Thao , Truong Cong Thao , Pham Hoang Phi , Luong Cong Y. , Y Nie Lim , Cao Minh Ngoc , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Le Thi Thanh , Vuong Duc Cuong , Nguyen Le Khanh Hang , Do Minh Si
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern. The development of vaccines with high immunogenicity and safety is crucial for controlling the global COVID-19 pandemic and preventing further illness and fatalities. Here, we report the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, Nanocovax, based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular (soluble) portion of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that Nanocovax induced high levels of S protein-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in three animal models: BALB/c mouse, Syrian hamster, and a non-human primate (Macaca leonina). In addition, a viral challenge study using the hamster model showed that Nanocovax protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanocovax did not induce any adverse effects in mice (Mus musculus var. albino) and rats (Rattus norvegicus). These preclinical results indicate that Nanocovax is safe and effective.
Antibiotic Resistances and Molecular Characteristics of Clostridioides difficile in ICUs in a Teaching Hospital From Central South China
Authors: Meng Xiujuan , Huang Xun , Peng Zhong , Wang Yaowang , Liu Sidi , Zeng Cui , Duan Juping , Wen Ximao , Fu Chenchao , Wu Anhua , Li Chunhui
Published: December 2021

Clostridioides (C.) difficile is a major healthcare-associated pathogen inducing infectious diarrhea. Approximately 25–33% of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and 90% of patients with pseudomembranous enteritis are caused by C. difficile infection (CDI). Stool samples were collected from hospitalized adults with presumptive AAD in four nonneonatal intensive care units (ICUs). Diagnosis of CDI was based on both clinical symptoms and laboratory results. The stool specimens were transferred onto CDIF (C. difficile agar), and C. difficile was finally confirmed by the latex agglutination test. Toxin-producing genes tcdA (A), tcdB (B), and cdt (CDT) were detected by PCR, and all isolates were performed multilocus sequence typing analysis. The antibiotic susceptibility of C. difficile isolates was assessed by the agar dilution method. A total of 184 C. difficile were isolated from 857 specimens in our study, the isolation rate of C. difficile was 21.5% (184/857). The 184 C. difficile were isolated from 179 patients, among these 115 patients were toxin-positive, giving the incidence of CDI being 58.0/10,000 patient days in the four ICUs. Among these 115 toxin-positive C. difficile isolates, 100 (87.0%) isolates produced two toxins (A+B+CDT-), three (2.6%) isolates were A+B+ with binary toxin-producing (A+B+CDT+), and 12 (10.4%) isolates only produced one toxin (A-B+CDT-). A total of 27 sequencing types (STs) were obtained. The most prevalent was ST3 (34 isolates), followed by ST39 (27 isolates), ST54 (19 isolates), ST26 (16 isolates), ST35 (15 isolates), and ST2 (13 isolates). All the ST26 isolates were nontoxigenic. Meanwhile, five STs were newly discovered. Although multidrug resistance was present in ≥50% of these C. difficile isolates, all of them were susceptible to tigecycline, fidaxomicin, metronidazole, and vancomycin. In conclusion, C. difficile isolates producing two toxins (A+B+CDT-) were dominant in our hospital. The most prevalent was ST3, and all ST26 isolates were NTCD. Although multidrug resistance was present in ≥50% of the C. difficile isolates, metronidazole, tigecycline, fidaxomicin, and vancomycin were still effective treatments for CDI in our hospital.
Absence of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 Gene Is Significantly Associated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Pakistani Population and Poor Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-Control and Case Series Analysis
Authors: Ajaz Sadia , Zaidi Sani-e-Zehra , Ali Saleema Mehboob , Siddiqa Aisha , Memon Muhammad Ali , Firasat Sadaf , Abid Aiysha , Khaliq Shagufta
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1) encoding gene is implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, clinical outcomes, and survival. Contradictory results have been reported in different studies. The present investigation based on a representative Pakistani population evaluated the GSTT1-absent genotype in breast cancer risk and prognosis.

Methods

A prospective study comprising case-control analysis and case series analysis components was designed. Peripheral blood samples were collected from enrolled participants. After DNA extraction, GSTT1 genotyping was carried out by a multiplex PCR with β-globin as an amplification control. Association evaluation of GSTT1 genotypes with breast cancer risk, specific tumor characteristics, and survival were the primary endpoints.

Results

A total of 264 participants were enrolled in the molecular investigation (3 institutions). The study included 121 primary breast cancer patients as cases and 143 age-matched female subjects, with no history of any cancer, as controls. A significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility (p-value: 0.03; OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.08-4.29) was reported. The case-series analysis showed lack of association of GSTT1 genotypes with menopause (p-value: 0.86), tumor stage (p-value: 0.12), grade (p-value: 0.32), and size (p-value: 0.07). The survival analysis revealed that GSTT1-absent genotype cases had a statistically significant shorter overall survival (OS) than those with the GSTT1-present genotype cases (mean OS: 23 months vs 33 months). The HR (95% CI) for OS in patients carrying GSTT1-absent genotype was 8.13 (2.91-22.96) when compared with the GSTT1-present genotype.

Conclusions

The present study is the first report of an independent significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility in a Pakistani population. It is also the foremost report of the association of this genotype with OS in breast cancer cases. Upon further validation, GSTT1 variation may serve as a marker for devising better population-specific strategies. The information may have translational implications in the screening and treatment of breast cancers.
Gut Microbiome and Its Associations With Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Toxicities in Cancer Patients With Pelvic Radiation Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bai Jinbing , Barandouzi Zahra A. , Rowcliffe Claire , Meador Rebecca , Tsementzi Despina , Bruner Deborah Watkins
Published: December 2021

Aim

Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can impact the gut microbiome in patients with cancer and result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the effects of RT on the gut microbiome and the associations between the gut microbiome and GI toxicities in patients treated with pelvic RT.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from their earliest records to August 2020. The articles screening process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mixed Method Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality for each included study. All study findings were synthesized and presented in narrative format. Thirteen studies were included. The gut microbiome of fecal samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing approaches.

Results

There were disparities in alpha and beta diversities that existed across the studies. Divergent results were found among various phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus. Moreover, alteration in the gut microbiome diversity and abundance related to cancer treatment was associated with pelvic toxicities, specifically diarrhea. Following treatment, increases in the abundance of Bacteroides was associated with diarrhea and radiation enteritis.

Conclusions

Pelvic RT can disrupt the diversity and abundance of commensal gut microorganisms. A dysbiotic gut microbiome showed a promising association with radiation enteritis through alterations of the intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, and intestinal repair mechanisms; however, confounders, such as diet, were not thoroughly addressed.
A Three lncRNA Set: AC009975.1, POTEH-AS1 and AL390243.1 as Nodal Efficacy Biomarker of Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Bi Zhao , Qiu Peng-Fei , Zhang Yue , Song Xing-Guo , Chen Peng , Xie Li , Wang Yong-Sheng , Song Xian-Rang
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The study aimed to explore whether the expression of lncRNAs in primary tumors could predict nodal efficacy after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for HER2+ breast cancer.

Methods

Total RNA was extracted from HER2+ breast cancer tissues before NAT (n=103) and from 48 pairs of cancers and para-cancers tissues that did not receive NAT. Different lncRNAs were selected by microarray, validated by qPCR, and analyzed to illuminate their potential as nodal efficacy biomarkers after NAT.

Results

Our results demonstrated that three lncRNA sets, lncRNA-AL390243.1, POTEH-AS1, and lncRNA-AC009975.1, were up-regulated in non-apCR tissues. The AUC value was 0.789 (95%CI: 0.703-0.876). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the expression of lncRNA-AL390243.1 (OR 5.143; 95% CI: 1.570-16.847), tumor type (OR 0.144; 95% CI: 0.024-0.855), and nodal stage (OR 0.507; 95% CI: 0.289-0.888) as independent predictors for apCR after NAT in HER2+ patients (all p<0.05). Then the three predictors were used to create a predictive nomogram. The AUC value was 0.859 (95%CI: 0.790-0.929). The calibration curve showed a satisfactory fit between predictive and actual observation based on internal validation with a bootstrap resampling frequency of 1000. Patients with higher expression of lncRNA-AL390243.1 had worse survival. LncRNA-AL390243.1 was up-regulated more in the nodal positive subgroup than in the nodal negative subgroup (p=0.0271).

Conclusion

The lncRNA-AL390243.1, POTEH-AS1, and lncRNA-AC009975.1 were upregulated in non-apCR breast cancer tissues. These three lncRNAs might have the potential to be used as predictive biomarkers of nodal efficacy of HER2+ breast cancer. Further studies are required to illuminate the underlying molecular mechanisms further.
Clinical Features and Prognostic Risk Prediction of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Authors: Yao Shuyan , Jin Zhili , He Lingbo , Zhang Ruoxi , Liu Menghan , Hua Zhengjie , Wang Zhao , Wang Yini
Published: December 2021

Background

Malignancies, especially lymphoma, are a common cause of adult secondary HLH and an independent risk factor for the prognosis of HLH patients.

Methods

Patients with lymphoma alone or concurrent lymphoma-associated phagocytic syndrome (LAHS) admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study.

Findings

There were 348 lymphoma patients, 104 concurrent with LAHS. The pathological type of lymphoma without LAHS was dominated by B-cell lymphoma, while those with LAHS were T/NK-cell lymphoma predominantly (p < 0.001). Superficial lymph node enlargement was more significant in patients with B-LAHS (p = 0.006), while patients with T/NK-LAHS had lower neutrophil counts (p = 0.005), lower fibrinogen levels (p < 0.001), higher transaminase levels, and more co-infection with EBV (p < 0.001). B-LAHS had significantly higher IL-10 levels than with T/NK-LAHS (p = 0.006), and NK/T-LAHS had significantly higher IP-10 levels than other T-LAHS (p = 0.008). Age, platelet count, IPI, history of NK/T lymphoma, and no remission of HLH were independent risk factors for prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated phagocytic syndrome (NHL-LAHS), and a prognostic risk score model for NHL-LAHS was developed.

Conclusion

LAHS is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis. The prognostic risk score model for NHL-LAHS with a good fit and validation for the test has value for clinical application.