bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating infection pattern of viral bioaerosols: A case study of COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Akinyemi M.L , Okoro E.E. , Sanni S.E. , Afolalu S.A.
Published: March 2021

The dynamics of viral bioaerosols are unknown; hence, its detection and control may be complicated. In this study, the structural analysis of Influenza A, SARS Coronavirus, and IBV Coronavirus was adequately discussed. The infection pattern of the SARS coronavirus was further investigated using the dataset from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Nigeria, and ‘Ourworldindata’ for datasets in parts of China. The artificial neural network (ANN) tool was used to determine the COVID-19 infection in Lagos. It was observed that many unaccounted COVID-19 patients are roaming the region. It is recommended that the Lagos government embark on compulsory house-to-house testing to detect potential COVID-19 carriers.
Overview Of Physicochemical And Surface Properties Of Nanoparticles For Engineering Applications
Authors: Afolalu Sunday A. , Okwilagwe Osise , Abdulkareem Ademola , Emetere Moses E. , Ongbali Samson O. , Yusuf Olabisi Omolola
Published: March 2021

Over the past few decades, scientists and engineers have been working on mastering the intricacies linked with nanoscale particles. Now researchers have gained valuable insight on how to create tailor-made nanoparticles with physicochemical properties never envisaged before. Theseengineered nanoparticles offer far-reaching applications in medicine, cosmetology, engineering, food packaging, and bioprocessing, to achieve specific performance goals. This review focuses on the electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, vibrational, and surface properties of nanoparticles, their method of preparation, technique for particle size control, and engineering applications.
A comparative study of rental value of residential properties at border communities of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria
Authors: Oloke O.C. , Ezema I. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Emetere M. , Omeje M. , Jesusegun D.
Published: March 2021

This study delves into the pattern and level of development of two adjacent border communities of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria to compare the effect on rental values of residential properties in the two communities. The study attempted to find out if there are significant differences as well as definite relationship between the values. Questionnaires were distributed to two groups of respondents which are 84 estate surveying and valuation firms in Ikeja, Lagos and 152 residential property owners/residents in the two communities. Data were analysed with statistical tools such as tables, percentages and mean. Student’s t-test statistics was used to ascertain the difference in rental values while Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to establish the degree of relationship. The importance of factors influencing rental values was determined using the relative importance index. Analysis were presented in percentages, tables and charts and then discussed. Result showed that there are significant statistical differences in rents of the two communities despite the proximity. It was further observed that neighbourhood density and level of infrastructure development play vital roles in the gaps observed in rental values. However, the Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that there is a relatively strong positive correlation between rental values of properties in the two communities. The research therefore concluded that for property market on the Ado-Odo/Ota side of the emerging Lagos megacity to attain its full potential, there is the need for major urban renewal, investment in physical and economic infrastructure via partnership with private sectors and property owner in the communities.
Prediction of Attenuation using Visibility variations and other Meteorological Parameters in George, Western Cape, South Africa.
Authors: Aborisade O.B , Ojo J.S , Owolawi P.A , Adedayo K.D
Published: March 2021

In this work, the impact of selected atmospheric parameters on attenuation of terrestrial and satellite signals over George, Western Cape in South Africa for the purpose of planning reliable and resilient free space optical communication links has been presented. The meteorological parameters data (visibility, temperature, rainfall rate, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed and wind direction) were obtained for ten years (2010 – 2019) from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). Total attenuation for the studied location was calculated from attenuation due to aerosol scattering, attenuation due to rain and attenuation due to scintillation. Three different wavelengths namely: 850 nm, 1200 nm and 1500 nm within the optical windows were used in calculating the wavelength dependent functions (attenuation due to aerosol scattering and attenuation due to scintillation). The result shows that attenuation due to rain was observed to account for 58% of the total attenuation and it is wavelength independent. Attenuation due to rain based on subtropics model was found to be about half of the calculated value based on temperate model. Further result shows total attenuation for worst visibility period (summer) throughout the year in the studied location is 7.7 dB/km (aerosol scattering: 0.53dB/km; rain: 4.5 dB/km and scintillation: 2.7 dB/km) at 850 nm. Overall results will be applicable in the area of the design and implementation of a reliable free space optical (FSO) links in the studied location.
Short review on the atmospheric bioaerosols
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Oloke O.C. , Afolalu S.A. , Joshua O.
Published: March 2021

The variability of bioaerosols cut across seasonal changes, indoor encasements, outdoor sources, and atmospheric conditions. Hence, the easiest way to curb disease-carrying bioaerosols requires an in-depth understanding of the factors mentioned above. In this short review, the physical and biological properties of bioaerosols were discussed. It was discovered that its biological and physical properties are salient to determine its diffusion, deposition, control, and measurement.
Exploring Pressure-Temperature Trends toward Climatic change in Ikogosi
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E.
Published: March 2021

Global warming is sketching the isobars on weather maps in a different way, owing to new patterns and their climatic imprint. Climatological reports have shown that atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the past five decades has strong affiliations with human stimulus. Any infinitesimal change in air pressure could produce a dramatic climatic effect, such as wind, precipitation, diurnal perturbations and storms. Pressure in air is the pointing device for atmosphere’s circulation, and consequently, determines how humidity circulates. Progressive studies on air pressure from both experimental and theoretical sources have corroborated with each other. The potential for atmospheric pressure is a function of the individual sum of oxygen, carbondioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and noble gases in air. Although, it is difficult to predict the life span of these atmospheric gases, we cannot assume that the abundance of either of these gases has remained constant over geologic time. This study focuses on analyzing weather changes in Ikogosi SW Nigerian, in conjunction with pressure for almost four decades, using curve fitting regression analysis and statistical methods relative to direct plots. The result reveals exponential trends of growth in pressure-temperature measurement indicative of weather change. In view of this, recommendations are given based on indices of measurement shown by occurrence and the force of atmospheric pressure.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Material Waste Generation From Building Construction Projects In Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Tongo S. O. , Adeboye A. B. , Oluwatayo A. A.
Published: March 2021

Studies recognized that construction waste constitutes about 30-40% of the overall solid waste deposited at the landfill sites worldwide, and to have impact on our personal lives and the entire world around us. This research studied building life cycle and waste generation by building projects in southwest Nigeria by the use of structured questionnaire applied to representatives of professionally registered firms of the Nigerian construction industry in the region. A total of four hundred and three (403) questionnaires were randomly administered to the professionally registered firms within the study area, out of which only two hundred and sixty-one (261) of those returned were considered valid and usable. The retrieved data was profiled and rank using the 5 points Likert scale. The study found that post-construction stage activities had the greatest affinity for material waste generation with the highest mean score of 3.5172 and followed by the construction stage activities with the mean score of 3.0672 indicating that waste generation at this stage is moderate. Based on this, the study concludes that there is a need to develop incentives that will encourage the industry professionals to imbibe waste prevention and minimization strategies that will help limit waste generation by the different building life cycle stages.
A Review of Analytical Methods Used in Microplastics Quantification
Authors: Fred-Ahmadu Omowunmi H. , Benson Nsikak U. , Ayejuyo Olusegun O.
Published: March 2021

Microplastics are pervasive contaminants that have attracted the attention of researchers over the last decades. Studies have detected and investigated different sizes of microplastics in the environment. However, the methods used for sample collection and quantification of microplastics for similar environmental matrices differ, based on the resources and equipment available to the researchers. This variation makes the comparison of results from different regions or researchers challenging. This paper presents a review of some of the methods that have been employed in microplastics quantification. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of some of the methods and recommend that standardized methods need to be developed in order to simplify inter-study comparison.
Simulated sea-level rise under future climate scenarios for the Atlantic Barrier lagoon coast of Nigeria using SimCLIM
Authors: Oloyede Mary O. , Williams Akan B. , Benson Nsikak U.
Published: March 2021

One of the challenges of climate change in most coastal regions of the world is sea-level rise. This is of serious consequence as the coastal zone plays host to a large human population, abundant natural resources, and several ecosystem services. To alleviate the effect of climate change, proper planning of the coastal area is necessary to enhance the process of adaptation. This study attempts to project an estimate of the rate of sea-level rise along the coastline of Lagos, Nigeria in various time slices, i.e., 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 for all 4 RCP scenarios, as recommended by the IPCC using the simCLIM model. The result obtained shows the median projected sea-level rise values range from 11.86 cm to 49.22cm for RCP 2.6; 11.73 cm to 58.91 cm for RCP 4.5; 11.28 cm to 62.28 cm for RCP 6.0; 11.92 cm to 84.25 cm for RCP 8.0 respectively. Based on the results of the projections obtained in this study, coastal planning is advisable to provide a means of adaptation for the inhabitants as the consequence of lack of planning could lead to avoidable losses.
Sustainability and Genetic Diversity of Under-exploited African Plants: A Collection Expedition in Nigeria - Facts, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Omonhinmin A.C. , Popoola J.O. , Ejoh S. A. , Mordi R.
Published: March 2021

Plant genetic diversity loss particularly of under-utilized species threatens several developmental goals in Africa. Preferred safeguard strategies and techniques have failed in stemming this situation exacerbated by dearth in global information and poor research attention on such species amongst other pitfalls. The study involved an expedition to; generate eco-geographical and related information on 30 under-utilized species; evaluate the prevailing situations for collection exercises in Nigeria, in the attempt to instigate globally relevant researches, conservation and sustainable partnerships. A two-phased systematic field survey (North and South) employing a 50 km regular transect distance, covering the wet and dry seasons, a cumulative distance of 8168 km, 192 communities in 34 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. Collection diversity was determined with Simpson’s Diversity index (1-D) as well as species abundance. 703 accessions of 30 plants species were collected. 13% of the total species (16% -South; 40% - North) were common to both regions. High diversity (D = 8) was recorded for the collection. The wetter southern states were significantly more diverse (D = 0.7- 0.9) than the north. The north west and some south eastern state recorded lesser diversity and the FCT the least (D = 0). 6 species recorded significant species abundance across the study area. The study area is heavily imparted yet houses a considerable diversity of the species surveyed. It is imperative to pursue integrated strategies to harness the plentiful flora as well as cultural resources resident therein. The species studied can be employed to tackle the challenges of climate change, livelihood, economy, food and nutrition security and farmer/grazers/construction activity unrest.
Sugar Alcohol- Xylitol Production Using Saccharomyces Species Isolated From Palm Wine For Sustainable Development In Food Industry
Authors: Nwinyi Obinna C , Kalu Amara
Published: March 2021

Xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar alcohol, is produced chemically on a large scale. This study was carried out to locally produce xylitol using yeast isolates, which were isolated from palm wine. The yeast Saccharomyces species were identified using morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. Xylitol production was carried out at 30 °C using glucose and D-xylulose, which were added to the mineral media. From the results we obtained, the Saccharomyces species isolated can be used for biological production of xylitol.
Distribution and the use of diagnostic ratios for source investigation in urban soils of the Yenagoa City, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Leizou Kaywood Elijah
Published: March 2021

Yenagoa is a non-industrialized city. This work aims to investigate the distribution, content and source of the sixteen United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of the Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The PAH concentrations in the urban soil samples were performed using GC–MS method. The Swali market axis of the city had the highest concentration (∑PAHs). The burden of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs follows a decreasing order: Phenanthrene > acenaphthene>cenaphthylene>naphthalene> anthracene>fluorine and while the burden of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs follows the decreasing order: Pyrene> Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene > indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (InP> Chrysene> Fluoranthene> Benzo(a)anthracene> Benzo(k)fluoranthene> Benzo(b)fluoranthene. PAH fingerprint ratios for determining both petrogenic and pyrogenic (pyrolytic) PAH accumulation was employed. The Ph/An ratio for the soil samples were 2.49, 3.47, 0.613, 1.59, 1.99 and 2.44 respectively. This may be indicative of pyrogenic (pyrolytic) origin. Ind(1,2,3-cd)P and DbahA were high in the soils, this may indicate a major concern for carcinogenic risk and demands an urgent attention from policy makers and the government.
The influencing factors on the performance of agricultural extension agents in corn farming (a study conducted in Gorontalo province)
Authors: Walangadi Y T , Bahua M I , Arham M A , Jamil M H
Published: March 2021

Performance is the response or success of the work actually achieved by individuals in an organization. Agricultural extension workers have basic tasks and functions that must be carried out to achieve good performance. The instructor who performs well can position himself as a motivator, educator, facilitator and dynamicator that has an impact on changes in farmer’s behavior in farming. The specific goal of this study is to 1) identify the internal factors influencing the performance of agricultural extension agents in corn farming in Gorontalo Province and 2) analyze the extent to which the internal factors influence the performance of agricultural extension agents in corn farming in Gorontalo Province. This study employed a survey method and involved 123 extension agents as the sample. The data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that variables of agricultural extension agents’ characteristics, work ability, and motivation are the internal factors that partially and simultaneously provide a significant effect on the performance of agricultural extension agents in Gorontalo Province. The extent to which internal factors influence the performance mentioned above is 52.7%.
Income and expenditure composition household poor maize farmers
Authors: Baruwadi M H , Akib F H Y , Saleh Y , Tenriawaru A N
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the income and expenditure of low-income families of corn farmers and assess their proportion of income and expenditure. The study was conducted in Gorontalo Province in May - July 2018 using the survey method. The total number of respondents was 90 farmers with a multistage purposive sampling technique. The selection of poor farmer respondents based on the condition of the house where the corn farmers live. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively and using income and expenditure analysis. The results showed the income of poor households of Gorontalo Province’s corn farmers every year is 14,413 million per year and expenditure of 20.34 million per year; 2) The composition of the income of poor households of corn farmers is 79.11% sourced from corn farming and the remaining 20.89% comes from outside corn farming, while the composition of expenditure is food consumption 56.01%, non-food consumption 22.09%, cigarette consumption 18.18% and use for energy 3.72 %.
Perception of entrepreneurs, small and medium industries in household product development and waste processing of chips corn in Province of Gorontalo
Authors: Hasan Ani M. , Halid Amir , Saleh Hasdiana , Rukka R M
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was: 1) Knowing the perception of small and medium enterprises industry players in Gorontalo Province. 2) Analyzing the Effect of perception or interest in the development of products cornflakes in Gorontalo Province. The research was conducted in two (2) District of Gorontalo and Pohuwato. The study begins from April to June 2019 with a sample of 54 people. The results showed those perceptions or interest through institutional aspects IKM / Industrial RT, the introduction and training of IKM / Industrial RT, and the capacity of SMEs / Industrial RT towards the development of chips and corn waste products on the recapitulation are in both categories with a percentage value 80 percent. Based on calculations that have been done by using multiple linear regression analysis was obtained that perception or interest simultaneously significant effect on the increase in the development of chips and corn waste products in Gorontalo Province. While partially the positive and significant impact that institutional IKM / Industrial RT, the introduction and training of IKM / Industrial RT and the capacity of SMEs / Industrial RT towards the development of chips and corn waste products in Gorontalo Province.
The effectivity testing bio-organic fertilizer toward the plant’s growth and productions of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Authors: Gubali H , Abdullah N
Published: March 2021

Farmers tend to use chemical fertilizer to boost their water spinach production. Consumers’ demand for high quality and the chemical-free product should be considered in using less chemical fertilizer. A possible solution is using a safe and eco-friendly bio-organic fertilizer. In general, this study purposes of supporting food security, which can provide food with the best quality and safe to consume by people and not harm the environment. Moreover, this study aims to acknowledge the effectivity of bio-organic fertilizers (Petrobio, Marolis, and Fertismart) toward the plant’s growth and production of water spinach. This study used the factorial plan in RAL, which consists of 2 factors. First, the bio-organic fertilizer that has 3 stages: Petrobio, Marolis, and Fertismar. Second, the use of NPK fertilizer: without NPK, 50% used, and 25% used for each trial should pass three times examination. The result shows that using bio-organic fertilizer can affect the plant’s growth and productions, with the evidence of the plant’s height, number of leaves, and plant’s net-masses. Bio-organic could decrease the application of chemical fertilizer; by contrast, it can’t substitute NPK to boost the water spinach production. The best result was from the fertilized plant using Marolis alongside with NPK.
Effect type chilli and concentration of CMC toward vitamin c and dissolved solid of smoked fish chilli sauce
Authors: Sulistijowati R , Tahir M , K U Nur
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of type chilli and concentration of CMC toward Vitamin C and a solid total of smoked fish chilli sauce. The treatments were: A Type of chilli (A1 cayenne chilli, A2 cayenne, and curly chilli, A3 curly chilli; B concentration of CMC (B1 CMC 0.5%, B2 CMC 1%). The parameters analysed were, vitamin C used titration and dissolved solid used gravimetry method. The data were used Anova testing. The result showed that treatment chilli combination significantly influence to increased Vitamin C compared without combination. Vitamin C A2B1 2.38% and A2B2 2.46%. The concentration of CMC non-significant to Vitamin C. Type chilli and concentration CMC non-significant influence to dissolved solid. The all treatment value of total solid > 40 as standard of chilli. So A2B2 could be used as good formula smoked fish chilli sauce to increased vitamin C and dissolved solids.
Expected genetic progress of F2 resulted from crossovers of paddy Situ Patenggang variety with IPB 3S variety
Authors: Sudharmawan A A K , Widianti M , Bahrun A H
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the expected genetic progress of the F2 population resulting from the crossing of Situ Patenggang variety with IPB 3S variety, which was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, Nyur Lembang Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency in July to December 2018. The material used in this study is Situ Patenggang varieties, IPB 3S varieties, Inpari 32 varieties, F1 resulting from the crossing of Situ Patenggang varieties with IPB 3S varieties and F2 selfing from F1. Using Augmented design with RAK models. Analysis of Hope Genetic Progress (KGH) allegedly using the formula Knight (1979). The results showed that the high expected genetic progress value was found in the characters of productive tillers, number of nonproductive tillers, number of seeds containing panicle, number of empty seedlings, and weight characteristics of 1000 seeds, while genetic progress was quite high in the length of panicle characters.
Application of local seaweed extracts to increase the growth and yield eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Yusuf R , Mahfudz  , Muhardi  , Syakur A , Mas’ud H , Latarang B , Kartika D , Kristiansen P
Published: March 2021

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the horticultural vegetables that is widely distributed in Indonesia. It is just like other vegetables, and eggplant offers a variety of health benefits. Seaweed is one of a group of marine plants that containing many important minerals. Seaweed also contains a growth-promoting hormone. This research aims to study the effect of application of various types of local seaweed extracts on growth and yield of eggplant. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consist of 6 treatments: P0 = without fertilizer (control), P1 = fertilizer NPK, P2 = Seaweed Cauelerpa sp, P3 = Seaweed Sargassum sp, P4 = Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, P5 = Seaweed Ulva sp. Each treatment is repeated 4 times to obtain 24 units of the experiment. The results of this research showed that the application of seaweed extracts significantly affected on growth and yield of eggplant plants (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and chlorophyll content but did not show significant on first flowering appear, roots fresh weight and root dry weight. All seaweeds show a potential to replace the use of NPK in improving the growth and yield of eggplant.
Strategy for developing pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) as the local food of West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Karim I , Syahadat E F , Khaerati R , Nurlela  , Akhsan  , Fudjaja L
Published: March 2021

In Indonesia, West Sulawesi is one of the potential areas for the development of pearl millet, and it is potential local food which strengthens food security as a source of carbohydrates, anti-oxidant, and fiber. This research aims to analyze IFE and EFE, then SWOT analysis, in order to figure out the strategies to develop pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) farming. This research was conducted in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research results ten strategies are 1) plotting pearl millet as a potential superior local food of West Sulawesi with high fiber content and anti-oxidants, 2) building adequate infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of pearl millet marketing to potential markets, 3) maximizing the potential of land and the use of farming equipment to maximize production, 4) Ease of access to capital by activating microfinance institutions in rural areas, 5) Increasing the capacity of farmer human resources by strengthening institutions, counseling and training based on local resources, 6) Procurement of farming equipment to assist farmers in increasing production and productivity, 7) Introducing pearl millet to the market and consumers as a local Mandar food in order to substitute rice and other foods, 8) support of government in training of processing and diversifying pearl millet into industrial products, 9) the use of environmentally friendly agricultural technology and inputs in an effort to produce quality products, 10) Maintaining the pearl millet to continue to exist by continuing to support farmers with a variety of policies.
Feasibility of ATC (Alkali Treated Cottonii) Agroindustry in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Nuryadi A M , Bafadal A , Sara L , Rianda L , Rahmadanih
Published: March 2021

Seaweed produced in Southeast Sulawesi Province is generally still marketed in the form of dried seaweed or has not been processed into finished products or semi-finished products in agroindustry. This condition makes the price of seaweed at the level of farmers is very unstable so that the increase in welfare for farmers and regional income is not realized. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of seaweed agroindustry investment that produces a carrageenan type of ATC (Alkali Treated Cottonii) in Southeast Sulawesi Province and design a feasibility development scenario. The feasibility of ATC agroindustry investment is analyzed by Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (NBCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period (PBP), Break-Even Point (BEP) and sensitivity analysis in various scenarios. The results showed that: (1) Seaweed Agroindustry in Southeast Sulawesi Province, which produces carrageenan type of ATC, is feasible to be developed because it has an NPV value of Rp.25,860,430,430,- NBCR 4.46, IRR 50.04 and PBP 1.90. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis on several scenarios of changes in agroindustry conditions, it is suggested that agroindustries must be able to maintain the stability of the selling price of ATC and the amount of production due to the changes that occur in these aspects have the most significant impact on agroindustry profits.
Performance of the agronomic traits of six advanced promising lines of red rice (oryza sativa l.) grown on the paddy field
Authors: Sadimantara G R , Febrianti E , Afa LO , Leomo S , Muhidin  , Brahmiyanti C W
Published: March 2021

Rice in Indonesia is still the main staple food, and every year the demand has increased. Indonesian governments have policies to reach self-sufficiency. The strategic programs to increase rice production were through breeding programs. The research was conducted on paddy fields in the village of Ranomeeto District of South Konawe. The study was carried out from October 2018 to April 2019. This study aimed to determine the differences in the agronomic traits in the aspect of vegetative and generative character from some new types of advanced red rice promising lines grown on the paddy field. The experiment was laid out based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), which consisted of six red rice lines (GS12-1, GS12-2, GS44-1, GS44-2, GS16-1, GS16-2) and one check variety (trisakti). Each treatment was repeated four times, so there were 28 experimental units. Parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf area, number of tillers, panicle length, total grain number, 1000-grain weight, filled grain percentage, unfilled grain percentage and dry weight per m2 The results showed that there were differences in the agronomic traits of the promising rice lines GS12-1, GS12-2, GS44-1, GS44-2, GS16-1, GS16-2, and trisakti variety on paddy field. The new type of advanced red rice promising lines can well be adapted on paddy fields obtained in GS16-1 lines, followed GS16-2 lines and GS44-2 lines.
Effect of differential shading on the vegetative character of dwarf banana cavendish
Authors: Muhidin  , Nurmas A , Sadimantara G R , Leomo S , Yusuf D N , Ridwan I
Published: March 2021

Bananas are important food crops and source minerals, carbohydrate and vitamins. Banana demanding increases every year, but the production capacity still low. One obstacle is the limited land that can be used to cultivate. One effort to increase banana production is through the development of banana as interplanting in an agroforestry system. The aim of the research is to select and characterization of a dwarf banana plant under low light intensity. The research was conducted in the field laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The source of germplasm of dwarf cavendish banana comes from two regions, namely the mainland region of Southeast Sulawesi and the island region of Southeast Sulawesi. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with shade treatment consisting of 3 levels, namely n1=shade level < 25 % (light shade), n2=shade level 25-50 % (medium shade), and n3 = shade level 50-75 % (heavy shade). Observations were made on the vegetative and generative parameter: The vegetative variables include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. It could be concluded that based on the vegetative character, there is no significant difference between dwarf cavendish banana growing on light shade and heavy shade.
Preliminary study: Introduction pest of long bean flowers in South Sulawesi
Authors: Aminah S N , Nasruddin A , Abdullah T , Fatahuddin  , Syatrawati
Published: March 2021

Long bean (Vignaunguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) family Leguminosaeas the famous vegetable in Asia, growth widely at lowland and highland including Indonesia. The purpose of research is to identify pest of long bean flowers in farmer field that reduce loss yield. The survey about presence of insect-pest incidence conducted at long bean field in Pakkabba village, north Galesong district, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi (5°14’8’’S, 119°24’1’’E) in July 2019. Visual observation in long bean field was conducted diagonally in fivesampling points (used 10 long bean flowers from three plants per sampling point). The sample contained symptoms of long bean pest were collected, identified and recorded. The result show spotted pod borer Marucatestulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) after mass rearing pest in laboratory. Based the survey, this is potential pest caused loss yield of long bean and need more working manage it.
The potential for developing sago-taro intercropping in South Sulawesi: a review
Authors: Syafiuddin M , Zubair H , Jayadi M , Baharuddin B , Busthanul N
Published: March 2021

FAO predicts that by 2050, food production will need to increase by up to 60 percent, while at the same time there will be a scarcity of agricultural resources, especially land / land and water. Therefore, modernization of agriculture, exploiting the potential of marginal land resources and high adaptation-powered food crops such as sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) is an option. However, investment in sago cultivation is seen as inefficient because it is long-term so it is not attractive, especially for poor farmers. This review is aimed at discussing the potential of developing sago plants efficiently through the introduction of Japanese taro plant, satoimo (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum) into sago plantations, forming the sago-taro intercropping system in South Sulawesi. It was found that the native sago vegetation area in South Sulawesi, namely in the Luwu Raya regions, was socio-economically and culturally and ecologically potential for developing sago plants. It is also known that satoimo taro has a high economic potential, and is ecologically tolerant of shade so that it can be introduced into sago plantations — up to four or five years old — to form intercropping plantations. It can be concluded that intercropping of sago-taro, both of ecologically and socio-economically and culturally has high potential to be developed in South Sulawesi, especially in the Luwu Raya regions.
A study on the erosion hazard rate of Limboto Lake catchment area
Authors: Eraku S , Jamil M H
Published: March 2021

Damages to the land resources, mainly those happening on the drainage basin at Alo, Gorontalo occur in consequence of degradation of the ground surface layer as hit by raindrops and rainwater flow that carry soil surface. This issue becomes quite serious due to illegal logging and agricultural land conversion, mostly for maize fields as one of Gorontalo’s top commodities. As an attempt to analyze the problems, this study is undergone through field observation and documentation. This study covers aspects of socio-biogeophysical characteristics of the Alo drainage basin and analyzes the level of soil surface erosion and tolerable erosion rate. The result shows that 98.75 percent of erosion hazard is classified into low-to-moderate, covering approximately 6,874.721 hectares. Meanwhile, 1.25 percent of the high-to-extreme level of erosion hazard is 98.79 hectares wide. This suggests that the inappropriate use of land is more likely to increase the erosion hazard rate.
Extensive study of minimum agricultural land to support the food security
Authors: Usman A , Tajidan  , Tahlil  , Tanaya I G L Partha , Wuryantoro  , Bulkis S
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the availability of food, income and food purchasing power of the residents of the City of Mataram and (2) To estimate the availability and area of minimum agricultural land for food in the City of Mataram. The research was conducted by survey method, and primary data collection was carried out by structured interviews using a list of questions, while secondary data collection was carried out by recording or copying from secondary sources at the relevant agencies. Data analysis was performed using functional equations with income constraints aided by SPSS software. The results showed that there was enough available food in the city of Mataram sourced from local production and sourced from food supply outside the city of Mataram, respectively. Amounted to 44% and 56% of the total rice food needs of 45,375 tons/year in 2013. Rice food expenditure is relatively small, which is between around 1.67% of the total income per capita of the population of Mataram City of Rp 5,880,000 / capita/year, so that in terms of access to rice food is relatively easy and inexpensive. The land for food continues to decrease due to land conversion from agriculture to non-agriculture use with a range of 4% per year. Without controlling the land conversion, it is projected that Mataram city is going to be rare in land for food within 25 years. To support regional food security in the city of Mataram city needs at least 453 to 569 hectares to produce the food sustainably, assuming a constant population.
Farmer’s response on government policy in soybean UPSUS
Authors: Balla P Tandi , Hamire Muh Arby , Wahab Arman , Asrida Rukiah , Rukka R M
Published: March 2021

The increase in the production of rice commodities, corn, and soy (Pajale) continues to be encouraged by the government to provide adequate needs to avoid exports. This program has been conducted intensively on the activities of the state BUDGET-year 2017. The purpose of this research is 1) to know the response of farmers to the soy UPSUS program, and 2) to know the income received by farmers in the soybean UPSUS Program. The method of research is conducted using the survey method, the form of primary data collection by providing questions to the respondent, hereinafter, to know the level of admission of soybean farming is done using R/C ratio analysis. As a result, the average age of farmers in productive age (45), all farmers have participated in formal education, and among them, there are 17 people at basic educated. Mostly there are three people as Family members. Experience farming range between 26 and 32 years, and the area of land tenure > =1.7 ha. Revenue acquisition of farmers Upsus in the 1 -time production process (on average four months) obtained a net profit of Rp 4.960.000, -with R/C Ratio acquired the value of 2.03, which means that soybean cultivation deserves to cultivated.
Completing the empty room for legal control of drug and food control in the region
Authors: Ismail Dian Ekawaty , Nggilu Novendri M. , Hamid Tome Abdul , Halim H
Published: March 2021

The existence of an empty regulation on food and drug control by BPOM at the level of the law shows the authority of BPOM in implementing constitutional activism in terms of ensuring the quality and quality of basic needs of citizens, namely drugs and food. This paper aims to describe the legal politics of establishing regional regulations on improving drug and food control as part of the constitutional effort to fill the regulatory space at the law level with regional regulations as a legal umbrella for the implementation of drug and food control in the regions. The approach used in this paper is the statute approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach, and the analytical technique in extracting legal material is prescriptive analysis. The results of the study found that the regulatory space for drug and food control by BPOM at the level of the law can be filled with the formation of regional regulations, bearing in mind that the problem also faced by BPOM in supervision is a follow-up of the results of supervision by the regions, so that the formation of regional regulations reflects the regional commissioners together with BPOM in the regions to guarantee everyone’s right to quality and the quality of the basic needs of citizens which includes medicine and food. The regional regulation to be formed will regulate the principles and objectives; the duties and authority of the regional government; licensing; business operation; guidance and supervision; coordination; community participation and business actors; appreciation; funding; provisions for investigation; penalty.
Business model analysis of coconut shell processor in North Sulawesi
Authors: Nordy F. L. Waney , Lolowang Tommy F. , Rawung Handry
Published: March 2021

This research aim about coconut shell industry model in North Sulawesi. Respondent of this research is owner, manager, and employee which play role in this venture. Canvas approach use for mapping business model and qualitative analysis and SWOT use for development planning model. Crucial factors for created competitive advantage for coconut shell business is the availability of raw material, market target, and adequate of human resources. Limited channels, tools, and traditional techniques are several factors that make the business unprofitable. Then the opportunities obtained include high market demand, availability of new technology, and business partners. An external factor that poses a threat is the presence of new arrivals. The products have not fully met the standards due to the simple technology used. The development of a more innovative and competitive business model enhances the essential elements of the coconut shell model canvas. Strategies are needed to improve aspects of production technology, information networks, a culture of innovation, strong partnerships and relationships, a high entrepreneurial spirit and mentality as well as good quality products and services. Increasing economic value in a more integrated group of coconut industry processors requires strong partnerships between coconut farmers, processors and consumers.
Evaluation of vegetable farming system
Authors: Kaharuddin  , Solle M S , Zubair H , Syaifuddin  , Amiruddin A
Published: March 2021

At the upstream of Jeneberang watershed, horticultural cultivation is a primadonna that is very much in demand by the farmer community, although the cropping system practiced by farmers is still far from the rules of soil and water conservation. The research aims to obtain information about the cropping system models and soil and water conservation techniques implemented by farmers on the upstream of Jeneberang WATERSHED. The results showed that the vegetable cropping system, practiced by farmers, was to grow vegetables in line with the slopes and the application of conservation techniques was not carried out by reason: 1) The high groundwater content that resulted in Plant tuber to be quickly rotten/damaged, 2) high moisture content on the soil will result in pests will develop rapidly.
Agro-climate and intensity of the disease rot of bacteria in two planting seasons
Authors: Fatmawati  , Faisal F , Aflaha I , Amin N , Baharuddin
Published: March 2021

Bacterial grain rot caused by bacteria Burkholderia Glumae (BG), is a new disease found in South Sulawesi. Maros area as one of rice production centers began to be detected by BG attack in 2015 from the results of monitoring BBKP Makassar, but there are no further studies on the epidemiology of the disease in cropping. BBB disease can easily infect through the seeds. The spread of seedlings without the seed health test and the inclusion of the hybrid import seeds also spur the spread and malignancy of BBB disease in the field. Extreme weather changes are one of the factors that cause an explosion of the disease in various countries so that it can cause a loss of results ranged from 40-70%. This research aims to determine the agroclimatic relationship to the intensity of BBB disease. Based on the observation of the agroclimatic and the intensity of the BBB disease in Maros Regency for two planting seasons (IP 300-Rendan) shows that the dominant disease attack occurs during the rainy season (November-March) in the planting season of IP 300 and With air temperature ranging from 320 C and humidity 67%. The disease intensity of some varied varieties ranges from 17.5-73%
Economic behavior of vegetable farmer in Enrekang
Authors: Muis Mufidah , Bakri R
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the economic attitudes of the domestic farmers in the Enrekang district. The research location is purposive with methodological consideration, vegetable cultivation in South Sulawesi. Respondents were taken by simple random sampling about 10% of the population of the households of vegetable farmers in Tongko village and the village of Area AllaEnrekang District, The method of research used is a survey method. The data collected in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Moreover, previous research reports that support this research. Farmer activities (combination cassava, corn, and vegetable) require a fee of Rp 4.910.720, and the income earned amounted to Rp 13.716.773 per year. The income of farmer’s household was Rp 36.608.664, with a composition of 45.92% of the outside work over 37.47% farming.
Spatial analysis of flood-prone areas and flood discharge
Authors: Marwah S. , Alwi L , Astriwana  , Akmal  , Baharuddin B
Published: March 2021

The Wanggu watershed is a natural ecosystem that is very sensitive to changes in land use. Increased changes in land use and geomorphological conditions in the Wanggu watershed such as slope levels, altitude, soil texture, natural drainage density, rainfall factors and the influence of infrastructure development (road construction, housing) will affect the hydrological response of the watershed and become the cause of increased flood vulnerability in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors causing flood vulnerability and its impact on the city of Kendari and the Wanggu watershed and to determine the level and distribution of flood vulnerability in the Wanggu watershed area by utilizing geographic information system technology (GIS). This study uses Scoring, weighting, and Overlay methods on several parameters causing floodings such as rainfall, land use, slope, soil texture and height, drainage density, and infrastructure. The results showed that the causes of flooding in Wanggu watershed are rainfall, land-use change does not match the ability class because it is dominated by 40.1% flat slope, medium to rough soil texture 82.3%, altitude 29.0%, moderate drainage density 89.3% and run-off discharge 82.53 m3s-1. The Wanggu watershed has four flood vulnerability classes, namely safe 27.7%, rather vulnerable 16.0%, vulnerable class 32.6%, and very vulnerable class 23.6%. The flood hazard class that dominates the Wanggu River Basin area is the Prone Class.
Contribution of pine Resin’s income in partnership with Central Mamasa forest management unit
Authors: Trivena  , Dassir Muh
Published: March 2021

The development of forest management Unit provides opportunities for forest exploitation and the opportunity of the parties to participate in managing forest resources in accordance with their characteristics and remain the surrounding community. This research aims to determine the contribution of pine sap tapping to farmers ’ income, knowing how much regional income from the results of pine sap tapping activities, and describing the pattern of pine sap Business partnership. The study was conducted for four months from April to July 2019. The population of this research, namely pine sap farmers, the company, the Union of Central Mamasa forest management, and related stakeholders in forestry management and decision-makers. Data collection is done with in-depth interviews, focused group discussions, and observations. Data analysis is done in a qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results of this study showed that the activity of pine sap tapping will contribute farmers ’ income from pine sap tapping partnership patterns of 60,688% of the total income of farmers every month. The pattern of the partnership that is located in pine resin in central Mamasa KPH is a pattern of cooperation and share for the result or benefit-sharing from the pattern of the cooperation of pine sap KPH, the central Mamasa with PT. Kencana Hijau Bina Lestari provide For the yield to the region of pine resin production amounting to 12.5% of the local benchmark price agreed per 1 (one) kilogram.