bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on Routing Techniques and Devolopment of a Secured Routing Techniques for Improving Performance and Security of Manets
Authors: SARKAR SAPTARSHI KUMAR , GHOSH JAYEETA , BISWAS RAKTIMA , FAIZAN MD
Published: February 2023

In this part, the requirement of conviction similarly to the need of Energy over the existent Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector protocol (AODV) has caused the development of the proposed set of rules termed as, “The Refined Trust and Energy primarily based totally Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector set of rules (ReTE-AODV)” that has been a prominent technique for winning conviction except Energy structured Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector algorithms (TEAODV) and the classical The projected set of rules shall effectively path packets from supply to vacation spot with a choice of dependable host via the shortest viable path that could devour lesser power for traversal of packets. Clustering Algorithms are extensively used to control the nodes correctly in huge scale networks. In order to limit this overhead a brand new set of rules referred to as B-CLUSTER is proposed in those researches which has a precept of electing heads at a time in a single election and feature the 2d CH as Reserved CH. When the primary CH leaves the Cluster, re-election isn't always required with-inside the proposed version because the reserve CH is said as the brand new CH. In summary, for any given wi-fi community, new routing and safety set of rules are proposed on this studies paintings for infrastructure primarily based totally and infrastructure much less networks. The ReTE-AODV and B-CLUSTER algorithms are proposed on this studies paintings are beneficial for secured routing in infrastructure much less.
Community VAT implementation în the Romanian tax system
Authors: Tilea Doina Maria , Nicolau Irina Ana , Dinu Ana-Maria
Published: February 2023

One Stop Shop became operational from July 1st, 2021. There are three types of regime: Union States regime, Non-Union States regime and Import regime. All distance sales of services and intra-Community sales of goods are now covered by the States of the Union regime.
JEL codes: M41, E62, H32
Binding analysis of horse and bovine ferritins using beads immobilized with alpha-casein-: detection of ferritin binding or nonbinding with heme using alpha-casein-immobilized beads
Authors: Hasegawa Ryo , Takahashi Ayana , Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Orino Koichi
Published: February 2023

Ferritin, iron storage protein, binds heme on its surface although it’s physiological role has not been elucidated yet. Firstly, this study analyzed the bindings of bovine and horse spleen ferritins to beads immobilized with α-casein (CasB) with the heme-mediated ferritin-binding capacity of α-casein (Cas). These spleen ferritins were added to solutions containing CasB, and the supernatant and beads obtained by centrifugation was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE or Native-PAGE) to detect ferritin. In case of horse spleen ferritin, CasB partly bound ferritin, and CasB-bound ferritin was detected only in the pelleted beads before the second addition of CasB to the first supernatant obtained before washing the beads, while the amount of ferritin detected in the first and second supernatants was similar. After addition of bovine spleen ferritin to CasB, some ferritin was also detected in the pelleted beads as CasB-binding protein, and the other ferritin was also detected in the supernatant as ferritin with no heme. On the other hand, the serum ferritin in fetal bovine serum showed little binding in the binding with CasB. These results suggest the following: CasB selectively detects heme-binding ferritin in tissue and serum ferritin, circulating ferritin contains little heme, and ferritin is intracellularly compartmented in heme catabolism as well as protection against its oxidative stress.
Insights of the degradation of plastics PET and PE type under composting conditions using coffee pulp as substrate
Authors: Dussán Mariana , García Andrés A. , López-Gonzalez Mar , Ruiz Christhy V.
Published: February 2023

The indiscriminate use, the alarming accumulation of plastic, and its subsequent poor well-disposal and management have generated the current environmental problem. As an environmentally friendly and effective strategy, composting processes arise like a method for waste treatment. This study explored the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and low-density polyethylene (PE) plastic types under composting conditions for 90 days using coffee pulp as substrate into the compost. The degradation was estimated from weight variation over time, the thermal stability of the PET and PE samples was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) whereas the chemical and morphological changes on the samples were assessed by FT-IR and SEM. The bacterial communities of composting were also investigated by 16S rRNA gene clone analysis. The results showed a partial degradation of PET and PE samples under composting conditions for the period of time considered. However, a strong adhesion effect was observed for PE samples which give place to a variation on the thermal stability of the samples. 16S RNA gene clone analysis showed that Sphingobacterium was the dominant bacteria, which is not related with the degradation of plastic material on composting. This result could be related with a reduced degradation during the composting treatment.
Developing research skills in medical students online using an active research study
Authors: Asghar Aziz U R , Aksoy Murat , Graham Alison I , Baseler Heidi A
Published: February 2023

Developing research skills and scholarship are key components of medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated that all teaching be delivered online. The purpose of our study was to use an online questionnaire to quantitatively evaluate medical student perspectives on development of their research and scholarship skills, teaching content and format, and tutor performance. In addition, we captured free text responses from both students and tutors on the positives and negatives of online teaching and suggested improvements. We also compared summative assessment marks for the online course with those obtained from previous in-person teaching sessions. Students were largely positive about most aspects of the online course utilising an active research study. Students agreed that they were able to acquire research skills, particularly related to data analysis, transferable skills, and giving scientific presentations. The assessment marks for the online course were comparable between the online course and the in-person laboratory teaching from previous years. Students enjoyed the convenience of online teaching and the availability of course resources, but least liked the lack of in-person interaction and laboratory training. Tutors enjoyed the collaborative aspects of online teaching, but least liked the lack of face-to-face interactions with students. Our study demonstrates that delivering online teaching, which involves students in active research, engages and motivates them to develop their research and scholarship skills. We recommend that educators consider incorporating a current research study in their undergraduate courses as this can enhance the student learning experience as well as the research project itself.
Chronic Non-toxic Megacolon Secondary to Diverticulitis: a case report
Authors: Donnarumma Biagio , Maio Rossella Di , Izzo Carmine , Pilone Vincenzo
Published: February 2023

Purpose: There are very few known cases of secondary non-toxic megacolon caused by complicated diverticulitis in literature and none of these have ever presented ab-extrinsic compression.
Methods: We present the case of a 65-year-old female patient with an unknown history of diverticulosis who presented to our hospital with a distended abdomen secondary to the obstruction of the sigmoid-rectum junction identified by an abdominal CT scan.
Results: Complicated diverticulitis created a fibrous string from the sigmoid-rectum junction to the homolateral ovary which caused an extrinsic compression leading to intestinal obstruction and non-toxic megacolon.
Conclusion: The purpose of this report is to share our experience and therapeutic choices to enrich the literature and prmote a better understanding of the disease.
Telomerase Expression Related with Poor Immune Response to HCV Core Antigen in Egyptian HCV Patients’ PBMCs
Authors: Ibrahim Iman Hassan , Ali Ola Sayed M. , El-Sahar Adel Ahmed , Elrefaei Mohamed , El-Sheikh Nabila
Published: February 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. This study aimed to assess serum hTERT level and its relation to the progression of liver disease. Also, it aimed to assess the effect of HCV core protein on memory T-cells in HCV patients with or without HCC, and the correlation between memory cells phenotype and the progression of the disease in the same patients. hTERT level in serum was assessed through relative quantitative RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess T-cells responsiveness (as IFN-γ secretion) before and after stimulation with HCV core protein, and memory CD8+ cells phenotype using several differentiation markers. hTERT was found to be increased in a stepwise manner upon comparing its level in controls, chronic hepatitis patients, cirrhotic patients, and HCC patients. T-cells showed a similar manner of stepwise decrease in response (decreased IFN-γ secretion) in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC and controls. Also, late differentiated memory cells (CD8+ CD27- CD28- CD45RA+CCR7-) were depleted in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC. In conclusion, these results suggest a negative correlation between hTERT and IFN-γ secretion by T- cells in HCV patients and that this relationship along with the depletion of late differentiated memory cells could help the progression of liver disease to HCC.
Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration
Authors: Lathe* Richard , Schultek* Nikki M. , Balin Brian J. , Ehrlich Garth D. , Auber Lavinia Alberi , Perry George , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Corry David B. , Doty Richard L. , Rissman Robert A. , Nara Peter L. , Itzhaki Ruth , Eimer William A. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Collaborators Intracell Research Group Consortium
Published: February 2023

Microbial infections of the brain can lead to dementia, and for many decades microbial infections have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, a causal role for infection in AD remains contentious, and the lack of standardized detection methodologies has led to inconsistent detection/identification of microbes in AD brains. There is a need for a consensus methodology; the Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative aims to perform comparative molecular analyses of microbes in post-mortem brain versus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, olfactory neuroepithelium, oral/nasopharyngeal tissue, bronchoalveolar, urinary, and gut/stool samples. Diverse extraction methodologies, PCR and sequencing techniques, and bioinformatic tools will be evaluated, in addition to direct microbial culture and metabolomic techniques. The goal is to provide a roadmap for detecting infectious agents in patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD. Positive findings would then prompt tailoring of antimicrobial treatments that might attenuate or remit mounting clinical deficits in a subset of patients.
CELA1 Mediates Progressive Emphysema in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Devine Andrew J. , Smith Noah J. , Joshi Rashika , Fan Qiang , Borchers Michael T. , Clair Geremy C. , Adkins Joshua N. , Varisco Brian M.
Published: February 2023

Chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (CELA1) is a serine protease that is neutralized by α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and prevents emphysema in a murine antisense oligonucleotide model of AAT-deficient emphysema. Mice with genetic ablation of AAT do not have emphysema at baseline but develop emphysema with injury and aging. We tested the role of CELA1 in emphysema development in this genetic model of AAT-deficiency following tracheal lipopolysacharide (LPS), 8 months of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, aging, and a low-dose tracheal porcine pancreatic elastase (LD-PPE) model. In this last model, we performed proteomic analysis to understand differences in lung protein composition. We were unable to show that AAT-/- mice developed more emphysema than wild type with LPS. In the LD-PPE model, AAT-/- mice developed progressive emphysema from which Cela1-/-&AAT-/- mice were protected. In the CS model, Cela1-/-&AAT-/- mice had worse emphysema than AAT-/-, and in the aging model, 72-75 week-old Cela1-/-&AAT-/- mice had less emphysema than AAT-/- mice. Proteomic analysis of AAT-/- vs. wildtype lungs in the LD-PPE model showed reduced amounts of AAT proteins and increased amounts of proteins related to Rho and Rac1 GTPases and protein oxidation. Similar analysis of Cela1-/-&AAT-/- vs. AAT-/- lungs showed differences in neutrophil degranulation, elastin fiber synthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Thus, Cela1 prevents post-injury emphysema progression in AAT-deficiency, but it has no effect and potentially worsens emphysema in response to chronic inflammation and injury. Prior to developing anti-CELA1 therapies for AAT-deficient emphysema, an understanding of why and how CS exacerbates emphysema in Cela1 deficiency is needed.
N-BEATS Perceiver: A Novel Approach for Robust Cryptocurrency Portfolio Forecasting
Authors: Sbrana Attilio , de Castro Paulo André Lima
Published: February 2023

Cryptocurrencies are well-known for their high volatility and unpredictability, posing a challenge for forecasting using traditional methods. To address this issue, we explore variations of the N-BEATS deep learning (DL) architecture by adding convolutional network layers, Transformer mechanisms, and the Mish activation function, and propose a novel approach for forecasting cryptocurrency portfolios. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that our model variations outperform other DL and traditional forecasting methods in numerous evaluation metrics, making them powerful tools for predicting cryptocurrency prices and portfolios in the rapidly-evolving cryptocurrency market. Furthermore, our newly proposed N-BEATS Perceiver model, a Transformer-based N-BEATS variation, exhibits a robust risk profile with less downside compared to other models and performs exceptionally well when evaluated using the TOPSIS method across a wide range of portfolio evaluation parameters. These results underscore the potential of our approach and specifically highlight the N-BEATS Perceiver's potential for selecting portfolios and forecasting cryptocurrency prices, offering valuable insights into the development of more accurate and reliable models for cryptocurrency forecasting.
Single-cell RNA sequencing applications in abdominal aortic aneurysm: A mini review
Authors: Algabri Yousif A.
Published: February 2023

In the past decade, advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have revolutionized biomedical research, enabling the characterization and analysis of the transcriptomes of single cells with remarkable precision and throughput. Specifically, scRNA-seq has assisted in the identification of novel or rare cell types, the analysis of single-cell trajectory formation and stem or progenitor cell development, and the single-cell resolution comparison of healthy and disease-related tissues. The generation of cell atlases of the mammalian heart and blood vessels, as well as the elucidation of mechanisms involved in cardiovascular development and stem or progenitor cell differentiation, demonstrate the importance of these applications to the advancement of cardiovascular research over the past decade. This review examines the applications of scRNAseq in AAA research and discusses the molecular pathways of cardiovascular development and diseases uncovered by scRNA-seq analysis that could be implemented in clinical practice.
Impact of the electrode conductivity on the electrolyte interfacial structuring and its implications to the Na0/+ electrochemical performance
Authors: Rakov Dmitrii , Sun Ju , Cherepanov Pavel , Arano Khryslyn , Howlett Patrick , Simonov Alexandr , Chen Fangfang , Forsyth Maria
Published: February 2023

The molecular and ionic assemblies at an electrode/liquid electrolyte interface, i.e., electric double layer (EDL), define battery performance by directing the formation of stable interphases. An unstable interphase can hamper metal-cation diffusion, lead to continuous electrolyte consumption, and also promote non-uniform electrochemical processes, like dendrite formation. The co-selection of electrolyte chemistry and initial cycling conditions together are generally considered for the design of desirable interphases. At the same time, the dielectric nature of the electrode material is largely ignored, notwithstanding high unreliability of the assumption that the nature of the EDL and the mechanism of the interphase formation at metallic and semiconductive electrodes are identical. Here we show that the dielectric nature of the charged electrode greatly affects the interfacial metal-anion-solvent composition; therefore, different interphase chemistry will be formed, suggesting different initial cycling conditions on a case-by-case basis to form the desired interphase. This phenomenon correlates with the metal ion solvation chemistry and the adsorption of species at the electrified electrode due to competition of van der Waals and Coulombic interactions.
The World as God’s Property in Psalm 24:1-2 as the Source of Man’s Right Attitude Towards Creation
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: February 2023

The ongoing discussion on various forums regarding human responsibility for the ecological state of the surrounding world, should include the voice of the word spoken in the Bible by God, the Creator of heaven and earth. For believers, this very voice has a decisive power, however, it has been neglected for so long and the effects that can be seen with the naked eye. The binding power of this word can become an important argument in that discussion and catalyst for actions in the area of environmental protection, to which Pope Francis draws so much attention. This paper joins the unanimous choir of nature defenders, and it aims at drawing the reader’s attention to selected aspects of human relationship with the world, presented in the opening verses of Psalm 24. The passages provide a clear testimony to the biblical authors’ awareness of both the dependence of the world - including man - on its Creator, and the essential moral implications of that fact. It may help us realize our responsibility for the world around us as well as the necessity to react whenever the positive interaction between man and the environment is at risk. That is how, the beauty and richness of creation can become a path to God, its Creator.
Standardized Criterion of Presepsin Reference Interval for Accurate and Early
Diagnosis of Sepsis
Authors: Mirza Faraz Hassan , Baig Faraz Ahmed , Syed Serajuddaula , Kumar Ashok , Shahid Moazzam Ali
Published: February 2023

Background:

Presepsin is a soluble analog of CD14, recently validated as a new biomarker for sepsis. Different cut-off levels of Presepsin for the diagnosis of sepsis have been proposed however, the optimum threshold for early clinical discrimination of sepsis from non-infectious conditions remains unknown.

Objective:

This work was undertaken to define the reference interval of Presepsin for Sepsis according to the CLSI C28-A3c approved guideline.

Methods:

Reference individuals (N=72) receiving in-patient care at ICU for sepsis and complications were selected for the study. Presepsin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reference limits were calculated using the non-parametric robust method.

Results:

Overall, the reference range for Presepsin in sepsis patients was 24.2 -872.2 pg/mL (90% confidence interval). Peak values for males were relatively higher than for females and the presepsin concentrations were influenced by age.

Conclusion:

Proposed reference interval could assist in accurate and early diagnosis of sepsis which would eventually improve the outcome in patients of all age groups.
Enlightening the Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Epileptic Heart
Authors: Akyüz Enes , Saleem Qamar Hakeem , Sari Çiğdem , Auzmendi Jerónimo , Lazarowski Alberto
Published: February 2023

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological degenerative disease with a high incidence,
affecting all age groups. Refractory Epilepsy (RE) occurs in approximately 30-40% of
cases with a higher risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent studies
have shown that spontaneous seizures developed in epilepsy can be related to an increase
in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS) production. Increasing ROS
concentration causes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, destruction of nuclear genetic
material, enzyme inhibition, and cell death by a mechanism known as “ferroptosis” (Fts).
Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) induces Fts, while oxidative stress is
linked with increased intracellular free iron (Fe+2) concentration. Fts is also a non-apoptotic
programmed cell death mechanism, where a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)
dependent hypoxic stress-like condition appears to occur with accumulation of iron and
cytotoxic ROS in affected cells. Assuming convulsive crises as hypoxic stress, repetitive
convulsive/hypoxic stress can be an effective inducer of the “epileptic heart” (EH),
which is characterized by altered autonomic function and a high risk of malignant or fatal
bradycardia. We previously reported that experimental recurrent seizures induce cardiomyocyte
Fts associated with SUDEP. Furthermore, several genes related to Fts and hypoxia
have recently been identified in acute myocardial infarction. An emerging theme
from recent studies indicates that inhibition of GPX4 through modulating expression or
activities of the xCT antiporter system (SLC7A11) governs cell sensitivity to oxidative
stress from ferroptosis. Furthermore, during hypoxia, an increased expression of stress
transcriptional factor ATF3 can promote Fts induced by erastin in a HIF-1α-dependent
manner. We propose that inhibition of Fts with ROS scavengers, iron chelators, antioxidants,
and transaminase inhibitors could provide a therapeutic effect in epilepsy and improve
the prognosis of SUDEP risk by protecting the heart from ferroptosis.
Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik) as a Source of Phenolic Compounds - their Content,
Changes during Processing, Antioxidant and Biological Activities
Authors: Amarowicz Ryszard , Pegg Ronald B.
Published: February 2023

While often recognized as a good plant protein source and a rich source of essential nutrients including
folate, iron, manganese and phosphorus, lentils (Lens culinaris L.) also contain healthful bioactive compounds.
They possess a number of phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids such as flavan-
3-ols, flavonols and anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, as well as saponins and phytic acid. This review provides
a summary of the types and levels of phenolic compounds found in the cotyledon of lentils as well as
their seed coats. The values define broad ranges due to varied cultivars, horticultural practices, climatic conditions
during lentil development, and the different phenolic extraction approaches employed. The prepared lentil
extracts were found to possess marked antioxidant activity, as assessed by in vitro assays, with the results clearly
indicating that the endogenous phenolic compounds dictated this activity. Processing of raw lentils in the
forms of cooking, germination and fermentation was determined to affect the phenolics’ contents: phenolic content
of some lentils decreased while those of others increased, most likely due to the release of bound phenolics
from the plant wall matrix. Finally, a summary of some of the positive biological activities observed for lentil
extracts from cell culture and animal studies is given.
Nanomaterials as a Potential Target for Infectious Parasitic Agents
Authors: Alsharedeh Rawan H. , Rezigue Meriem , Bashatwah Rasha M. , Amawi Haneen , Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Obeid Mohammad A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: February 2023

Despite the technological advancement in the era of personalized medicine and therapeutics
development, infectious parasitic causative agents remain one of the most challenging areas of research
and development. The disadvantages of conventional parasitic prevention and control are the emergence
of multiple drug resistance as well as the non-specific targeting of intracellular parasites, which results
in high dose concentration needs and subsequently intolerable cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology has attracted
extensive interest to reduce medication therapy adverse effects including poor bioavailability and
drug selectivity. Numerous nanomaterials-based delivery systems have previously been shown in animal
models to be effective in the treatment of various parasitic infections. This review discusses a variety of
nanomaterials-based antiparasitic procedures and techniques as well as the processes that allow them to
be targeted to different parasitic infections. This review focuses on the key prerequisites for creating
novel nanotechnology-based carriers as a potential option in parasite management, specifically in the
context of human-related pathogenic parasitic agents.
An Improved Synthesis of Disubstituted 2H-indazoles using Microwaves
Authors: Jena Sushovan , Chanda Kaushik
Published: February 2023

Microwaves have been used to produce a practical, high-yielding, and scalable synthesis
method for producing disubstituted 2H-indazoles. With this technique, a large class of 2H-indazoles
can be effectively produced from substituted 2-bromobenzaldehyde, aromatic amine and NaN3 using
[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3 as catalysts. With outstanding purity and yields, the current one-pot synthetic
sequence enables the addition of two structural diversity points to broaden the chemical space.
Ultrasound-promoted Regioselective Synthesis of 2-aryl-quinazolinones
Using Citric Acid as a Natural and Efficient Media and Catalyst
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila Zare
Published: February 2023

A three-component reaction under ultrasound irradiation and with a catalytic amount of
citric acid was presented for the synthesis of a series of 2-aryl-quinazolin-4(1H)-ones with excellent
efficiency and short reaction time. This one-pot reaction with 2-aminobenzonitrile, ammonium hydroxide
or glycine and benzaldehydes is a clean and safe route for the environment at room temperature.
Mild reaction conditions, green environment, excellent performance, simple method and reduction
of environmental consequences are the advantages of the present method. The structures of many
synthesized 2-aryl-quinazolin-4(1H)-one compounds were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR
spectral data and elemental analysis.
Antifungal Properties of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia Fruit Extracts against Candida Species Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients
Authors: Norouzi Zohre , Madani Mahboobeh , Amjad Leila , Shakib Pegah
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With the increasing drug resistance and risks of the drugs, we investigated the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.

Materials and Methods::

Candida species isolated from 50 patients were identified by routine mycological methods, including morphology of corn mil agar, chromium agar, germination, and biochemical methods. The anti-candida properties of the extracts and essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia were investigated using agar diffusion and microdilution test. The essential oil was then analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results:

The major constituents of Pinus longifolia essential oil included 23.16% alpha-pinene, 2.59% beta-caryophyllene, 23.61% delta-3-carene, 0.24% carcin-4-hydroxy, 13.56% m-cymene, 0.45% alpha-humulene, and 2.12% junipene. The major constituents of Pinus eldarica essential oil included 29.13% alpha-pinene, 14.22% beta-caryophyllene, 11.70% delta-3-carene, -14.22% carcin-4-hydroxy, 4.29% beta-pinene, 3.59%, alpha humulene, and 8.86% junipene. The results of antifungal tests showed that aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts had a weak anti-candida effect. By changing the solvent and using petroleum ether solvent, it was found that petroleum ether extract and cone essential oil of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica exhibited a relatively strong anti-candida effect.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Comparison of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of four extracts of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica against different Candida showed that the lowest MIC and MFC were related to essential oil, petroleum ether extract, methanolic extract, ethanolic extract, and aqueous extract, respectively.
Role of Animal Models in Parkinson's Disease (PD): What Role They Play in Preclinical Translational Research
Authors: Srivastava Rajnish , Dilnashin Hagera , Kapoor Devesh , Aparna Sai , Heidarli Elmira , Singh Surya Pratap , Jain Vivek
Published: February 2023

Background:

Animal models for drug discovery and development in Parkinson ’s disease have played an important role in the characterization of the pathophysiology of diseases and associated mechanisms of injury, drug target identification, and evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for toxicity/ safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy.

Objective:

The review is intended to reform the scope, advantages, and limitations of various Parkinson’s Disease models and their scope in translational research. The lack of a gold standard for PD animal models presents a major challenge in devising a validation system. This review is an attempt to provide a way to adopt the validation approach for PD animal model for research.

Methods:

Because underlying disease mechanisms are so similar across species, it is possible to extrapolate results from Parkinson's disease studies using animal models. Furthermore, behavioural tests used to access the neurobehavioral test with its limitations were explored for rodents, non-human primates, lower-order animals, and invertebrates. The role of gender selectivity and non-selectivity is the one major concern in PD model validation that is addressed in the review.

Results:

The rigorous validation has been done on animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on comparisons to the human state. Regarding toxicological and safety investigations in PD, non-animal options must be thoroughly validated. There are both advantages and disadvantages to using animal models of Parkinson's disease as proof-of-concept research.

Conclusion:

The specific animal model selected for a given drug to be tested and developed depends on the goal of the specific study.
Inter-organ Crosstalk and the Effect on the Aging Process in Obesity
Authors: Armutcu Ferah , Ozen Oguz Aslan
Published: February 2023

Aging is characterized by progressive regression in tissue and organ functions and an increased
risk of disease and death. Aging is also accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation.
Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases, leading to an
increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose
tissue is one of the mechanisms implicated in the progression of these diseases. As a real endocrine
organ, adipose tissue secretes many mediators and hormones (adipokines) to maintain metabolic
homeostasis, and their dysfunction has been causally linked to a wide range of metabolic
diseases. Dysfunctional adipose tissue participates in interorgan communication both by producing
new signaling mediators and by transforming or disrupting signal mediators, reaching from other
organs. In addition to obesity and similar metabolic diseases, this situation causes dysfunction in
more organs in the aging process, and the complexity of the problem causes challenges in the diagnosis
and treatment processes. This review aims to highlight recent developments and current information
supporting the relationship between obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction with aging
and the role of homeostatic and physio-pathological processes that mediate interorgan communication
in aging progress. More understanding clearly of interorgan communication in the process of
obesity and aging will facilitate the early diagnosis as well as the management of treatment practices
in short- and long-term organ dysfunction.
In vitro/In vivo Evaluation of Elastic Nano-lipid Carriers of Aztreonam for
Pneumonic Lungs
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sayani
Published: February 2023

Background:

The liposomal inhalation of drugs has been extensively researched for the
invasion of biofilms and macrophages in the infected lungs.

Objective:

The present study aimed to explore the in vitro and in vivo effects of elastic nano-lipid
vesicles of aztreonam for pulmonary delivery.

Methods:

Elastic nano lipid vesicles of the drug were successfully prepared with the commonly
abundant lung phospholipids (LIPOID S PC-3, LIPOID PC 16:0/16:0), cholesterol, and span 20.
Four such formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in vitro diffusion, and
cytotoxicity. The best formulation was subjected to stability, in vivo drug deposition on the pneumonic
lungs, and histopathological studies.

Results:

The characterization of the lipid vesicles in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and surface
morphology confirmed the formation of stable nanolipid vesicles of the drug. The presence of
surfactant in the lipid vesicles exhibited high bilayer stability, entrapment, and diffusion of the
drug. The in vitro diffusion study revealed the biphasic characteristic with an initial burst, followed
by sustenance for 8 h. A remarkable drug uptake was observed in the epithelial cell line of
CHO Cricetulus griseus in the presence of surfactant. The drug was retained on the pneumonic
lungs for 8 h. The histopathological study of lung tissue revealed that surfactant-based lipid vesicles
could attenuate lung fibrosis significantly.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that elastic nano lipid vesicular system of aztreonam could be a
paradigm for targeting and localization of the drug with a long residence time in the lungs.
A Comprehensive Review on Potentially Therapeutic Agents against
COVID-19 from Natural Sources
Authors: Shahali Ali , Azar Zahra Jafari , Ardeshir Rashid Alijani
Published: February 2023

Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the recent pandemic
and worldwide outbreak of respiratory disease. Since there are no known specific drugs for
fighting this virus and the process for new drug development is lengthy, scientists have been trying
to develop drugs against this viral infection. The potent antiviral activity of natural products has
been confirmed in several previous studies. Viral and host proteins contributing to COVID-19 infections
can be targeted by natural compounds derived from plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms.
The most important of these compounds are polyphenols (e.g., anthraquinone polyphenol,
hinokinin, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate), alkaloids (e.g., isoquinoline, 10-
hydroxyusambarensine, anisotine, and adhatodine), and terpenoids (salvinorin A, thymoquinone,
bilobalide, ginkgolide A, and celastrol) from plants, sulphated polysaccharides (carrageenans,
chondroitin sulfate C, and fucoidan) from marine organisms, and glycocin F and lactococcin G phycocyanin,
and lipopeptide from microorganisms. This study reviews these compounds and their
mechanism of action for treating COVID-19 infection and guides researchers in developing effective
and safe therapeutic agents against this disease from naturally derived compounds.
An Exploratory Study on Code Smells during Code Review in OSS
Projects: A Case Study on OpenStack and WikiMedia
Authors: Nanthaamornphong Aziz , Boonchieng Ekkarat
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Open-source software (OSS) has become an important choice for developing
software applications, and its usage has exponentially increased in recent years. Although
many OSS systems have shown high reliability in terms of their functionality, they often exhibit
several quality issues. Since most developers focus primarily on meeting clients’ functional requirements
within the appropriate deadlines, the outcome suffers from poor design and implementation
practices. This issue can also manifest as software code smells, resulting in a variety of
quality issues such as software maintainability, comprehensibility, and extensibility. Generally
speaking, OSS developers use code reviews during their software development to discover flaws
or bugs in the updated code before it is merged with the code base. Nevertheless, despite the
harmful impacts of code smells on software projects, the extent to which developers do consider
them in the code review process is unclear in practice.

Methods:

To better understand the code review process in OSS projects, we gathered the comments
of code reviewers who specified where developers should fix code smells in two OSS projects,
OpenStack and WikiMedia, between 2011 and 2015.

Results:

Our findings indicate that most code reviewers do not pay much attention to code smells.
Only a few code reviewers have attempted to motivate developers to improve their source code
quality in general. The results also show that there is an increasing tendency to provide advice
concerning code smells corrections over time.

Conclusion:

We believe that this study's findings will encourage developers to use new software
engineering practices, such as refactoring, to reduce code smells when developing OSS.
De las compañías terrestres a las tropas de Aviación Militar, unidades de protección de las bases aéreas colombianas durante las misiones aéreas, 1921-1942
Authors: Domínguez Coral Manuel Antonio , García Serna Juan Guillermo
Published: February 2023

Hablar de Defensa de Bases conduce indudablemente al nacimiento de la aviación militar en Colombia y la asignación de personal para custodiar la costosa inversión del Gobierno Nacional. También es volver en el tiempo para hablar de las “compañías terrestres” que se convir-tieron en “tropas terrestres de aviación” y luego en Infantería de Aviación. Este capítulo investiga el origen y la evolución de estas primeras unidades, su posterior desarrollo con la llegada de las misiones aéreas, las cuales contribuyeron con el nacimiento de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. De esta manera, se establece que la “Infantería de Aviación”, al ser una rama proveniente del Ejército, encuentra una marcada diferencia hasta bien entrada la década de los años 1970, cuando los servicios aéreos se separaron para convertirse en armas individuales, se desarrollan entrenamientos propios destinados a la defensa de una instalación aeronáutica y su personal, no a combatir unidades terrestres enemigas en igualdad de condiciones.
Percepciones del liderazgo y autoridad de oficiales y alféreces femeninas de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”
Authors: Peña Silva John Alberto , Gutiérrez Garay Oskar
Published: February 2023

El liderazgo está presente en todas las sociedades y culturas, y es parte esencial para el funcionamiento de las organizaciones y agrupaciones sociales. Dentro de la formación militar es primordial que como miembros de la Fuerza se cuente con habilidades, destrezas, actitudes y apti-tudes del militar, dentro de las cuales se encuentra el liderazgo, sin que esto represente distinciones de género. El propósito de este estudio fue presentar un panorama general sobre las percepciones del liderazgo y autoridad de las oficiales y alféreces femeninas de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes José María Córdova, a fin de ahondar en los factores que influyen en los arquetipos y las construcciones propias y de referencia sobre el liderazgo femenino y el ejercicio de su autoridad. Para tal fin se aplicó inves-tigación cualitativa descriptiva mediante un estudio observacional, de tipo analítico y transversal, en la cual se empleó la técnica de grupo focal, uno conformado por seis (6) oficiales femeninas y otro por seis (6) alféreces femeninas. Se concluyó que las percepciones de oficiales y alféreces femeninas están enmarcadas en factores internos y externos que moldean el arquetipo de líder femenina como referencia y como concepto propio de su liderazgo y autoridad. Asimismo, si bien se halló diferencias sutiles y naturales frente a los homólogos masculinos, se destaca que desde las diferencias están en capacidad de ejercer el liderazgo, aplicar la autoridad y llevar a los grupos de trabajo en dirección al logro de los objetivos propuestos. También fue posible concluir que elementos como los estereotipos, la cultura instruccional, las experiencias previas y los líderes previos inciden en la percepción del liderazgo, mientras que los niveles de comunicación, las relaciones sociales y los esquemas morales influyen en las percepciones sobre la autoridad.
Injertación en plantas de cacao
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se da a conocer la injertación de la plantas de cacao.
Labranza de conservación
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Un cultivo que ha tomado gran importante en oriente colombiano es el de la soya. En este clip se presentan recomendaciones para la labranza directa de conservación en el cultivo.
Limpieza de semillas yuca forrajera
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

El siguiente clip tecnológico, permite conocer cómo se realiza la limpieza de semilla en la Yuca Forrajera. Desde que se selecciona hasta cómo desinfectarla.
Llenado de bolsas para la producción de forestales
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Tener una producción organizada y con plántulas de calidad, traen ventajas para el futuro de sus productos. Para esto, viveros especializados y certificados proporcionan materiales de excelencia que brindan confianza a los productores del país. En este clip se da a conocer el paso a paso para el llenado de bolsas para la producción de forestales.
Manejo de malezas en cebolla de rama
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se da a conocer el control de malezas de cebolla de rama en el departamento de Boyacá.
Manejo de potreros: aforo
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

El aforo es una técnica para determinar la carga animal o numero de bovinos que podemos temer en el potrero. en este clip se explica la forma de realizar el aforo.
Cosecha de guayaba
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Las frutas y su agroindustria son renglones con gran potencial económico para el país, en este clip se muestran las recomendaciones para la cosecha del cultivo de guayaba.
Empaque de los cítricos
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se muestran las recomendaciones para el empaque de los cítricos, los cuales tienen como objetivo proteger las frutas y evitar que se golpeen.
Empaque de mango
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se muestran las recomendaciones para el empaque del mago, el cual tiene como objetivo proteger las frutas y evitar que se golpeen.
Empaque del plátano
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Aprenda en este clip tecnológico a empacar correctamente los frutos de plátano, para transportar y comercializar.
Fertilización o abonado pimentón condiciones protegidas
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip nos enseñan como se debe fertilizar correctamente un cultivo de pimentón.
Identificación sigatoka
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

El presente video muestra las recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para identificar la sigatoka en el cultivo del plátano.
Implementos para preparar bloques nutricionales de forma artesanal
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Este video muestra cuales con los implementos necesarios para la elaboración de bloques nutricionales, para asegurar alimento de calidad del ganado en épocas de escasez artesana o manualmente.
Effects of Social Media Use on Connectivity and Emotions During Pandemic-Induced School Closures: Qualitative Interview Study Among Adolescents (Preprint)
Authors: Liang Elisa , Kutok Emily R , Rosen Rochelle K , Burke Taylor A , Ranney Megan L
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine social media and technology use during a time in which technology served as adolescents’ primary form of socialization. The literature is mixed regarding how increased screen time during this period affected adolescent mental health and well-being. The mechanisms by which screen time use affected adolescent psychosocial outcomes are also unknown.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to deepen our understanding of how social media and technology use, social connectivity, and emotional well-being intersected during pandemic-related school closures.

METHODS

English-speaking adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were recruited on Instagram for a brief screening survey; 39 participants were purposefully selected to complete a semistructured interview regarding their social media and technology use during the pandemic. Interview summaries were abstracted from recordings, and deductive codes were created for the primary question stems. These codes were subsequently reviewed for the main themes.

RESULTS

The main themes were as follows: adolescent social media and technology use during school closures usually allowed for more and easier social connectivity, but the amount and relative ease of connectivity differed according to purpose and type of use. Emotions, particularly those of stress and happiness, were connected to whether adolescents actively or passively engaged with social media and technology.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest a nuanced relationship among social media and technology use, adolescent social support, and emotional well-being, including during the pandemic. Specifically, how adolescents use or engage with web-based platforms greatly influences their ability to connect with others and their feelings of stress and happiness. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and as technology in general remains at the core of the adolescent experience, future research should continue to examine how adolescents navigate and use web-based spaces in beneficial and harmful ways. This will inform education and interventions that foster healthy social media and technological habits.