bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunting the hunter: using genetic profiling for improved management of shark attacks on humans
Authors: Clua Eric Emile Germain , Meyer Carl , Linnell John , Baksay Sandra , Haguenauer Anne , Vely Michel , Vignaud Thomas , Planes Serge
Published: July 2021

DNA evidence is routinely used to identify individual predators responsible for attacks on people and livestock in terrestrial settings. However, the use of transfer DNA techniques in aquatic environments20 for similar purposes is a recent development. To date, DNA barcoding has been used successfully to identify shark species depredating fish catches and biting surfboards and neoprene surfaces. In this study we demonstrate the successful DNA barcoding and fingerprinting of individual sharks from transfer DNA collected directly from the wounds of two shark bite victims. The successful use of DNA techniques to identify both species and specific individuals responsible for shark bites opens the door to selective removal of these individuals as an innovative shark bite risk management strategy. This selective approach would be a more effective, eco-responsible, cost-effective and ethical solution for vulnerable taxa than ongoing non-selective culling campaigns.
Direct Electron Acceleration By An Intense Nonparaxial Cosh-Gaussian Laser Beam Driven Electron Plasma Wave in Plasma
Authors: Purohit Gunjan , Gaur Bineet , Raizada Amita , Kothiyal Pradeep
Published: July 2021

Excitation of electron plasma wave by an intense short laser pulse is relevant to electron acceleration process in laser plasma interactions. In this work, the self-focusing of an intense cosh-Gaussian laser beam in collissionless plasma have been studied in the non-paraxial region with relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities. Further, the effect of self-focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam on the excitation of electron plasma wave and on subsequent electron acceleration has been investigated. Analytical expressions for the beam width parameter/intensity of cosh-Gaussian laser beam and the electron plasma wave have been established and solved numerically. The energy of the accelerated electrons has also been obtained. The strong self-focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam in plasmas stimulates a large amplitude electron plasma wave, which further accelerates the electrons. The well-established laser and plasma parameters have been used in numerical computation. The results have been compared with paraxial ray approximation, Gaussian profile of laser beam and only with the relativistic nonlinearity. Numerical results suggest that the focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam, the amplitude of electron plasma wave, and energy gain by electrons increases in non-paraxial region, when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are simultaneously operative. In addition, it has also been observed that the electron plasma wave is driven more efficiently by a cosh-Gaussian laser beam that accelerates plasma electrons to higher energies.
Development of Multi Diagonal based OCDMA System for Free Space Optical Communication System
Authors: Chauhan Dushyant Singh , kaur Gurjit , Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2021

The performance of FSO communication link is subject to numerous atmospheric factors in wireless communication like fog, rainfall, and haze which leads to deteriorate the performance of a system in term of BER and power at the receiver side. Due to numerous advantages of OCDMA over other access techniques, it allows various users to access a channel simultaneously without intervention with the other user. It has the ability to provide security, large number of users, privacy, reduce interference from multiple users and operate asynchronously. So, in this paper, Multi-Diagonal codes along with the fiber brags grating filters for Spectral amplitude coded OCDMA technique is developed for FSO system and performance analysis is performed in terms of BER and received power.
Review of Clinical and radiological outcome of 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fracture managed with J nails in elderly osteoporotic individuals.
Authors: Chandak R M , Sharma Mohit , Jha Amrit
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Proximal humeral fracture is 3rd most common fracture in elderly population.Selection of appropriate implant is always challenging to get optimum results in theseosteoporotic bones. Though locking plates are gold standard, major complications range from9% to 36%. Many percutaneous fixation techniques described in the literature are associated with pin site infections, pin backout and loss of reduction.Objective: To study clinical and radiological outcome of J nail technique for Neer’s three orfour part proximal humeral fractures in patients more than 60 years age.Materials and Method: We retrospectively studied 60 patients of 3 or 4 part proximal humeral fractures, >60 years of age treated with J nail technique from the period of 2015 to 2017. J nails were made using 2 mm 12 inches blunt tip L (Lambrinudi) wires. At final follow-up, clinical outcome was assessed using Constant Score and radiological evaluation was done according to the Bahr criteria. Statistical analysis was performed.Results: The mean Constant Score at final follow-up was 90. The postoperative reduction was excellent in 98% of patients and remained excellent in 90%. The mean postoperative neck shaft angle was 135.0° and final neck shaft angle was 131.4°. No deep infection was seen. No avascular necrosis of humeral head was found till follow up upto 2 yrs.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the functional and radiological outcomes obtained with J nailing are excellent and similar to locking plates and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation with many other advantages of being simple, minimally invasive, avoiding muscle transfixation and no pin site infections. This surgical technique can be considered as one of the effective technique for fixation of proximal humeral fractures in elderly osteoporotics.
Synchronous Colorectal Carcinoma: Three Cases Report and Literature Review
Authors: chen jingfeng , Wang Yi-shuo , Cheng Chuan , Yan Li-ping , Gao Peng , Mao Xin-wu , Wang Jian-ping , Shao Chu-xiao , Xu Jie
Published: July 2021

Background: Multiple primary colorectal cancers (MPCC) includes synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SC) and metachronous colorectal carcinoma (MC), which are defined as multiple malignant colorectal tumors that occur simultaneously or heterochrony. Comparing to isolate colorectal cancer, the incidence of SC is still rare. At present, there are few literatures describing the cases and reviews of SC. Case presentation: Here, we present three cases of SC. The first patient was admitted to our hospital because of a 5-month history of abdominal pain associated with difficult defecation. PET-CT revealed that a mass lesion of the splenic flexure of colon and another mass in sigmoid. Colonoscopy demonstrated double lesions in splenic flexure and sigmoid. Then we performed traditional open subtotal colon resection. Postoperative pathology confirmed that there are malignant characteristics of the double lesions. Another patient was suffered from with dizziness and fatigue for more than 2 years. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT shows irregular thickening of the ascending colon wall and colonoscopy reveals that there is a tumor in rectum and many polyps in sigmoid. Then we underwent radical resection of rectal cancer and right colon cancer in a laparoscopic operation. Postoperative pathology confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum and ascending colon. The third patient had hematochezia for 1 year. Both rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and colonoscopy showed that there are two lesions in the rectum, and conventional laparoscopic APR surgery was performed. Postoperative pathology confirmed malignant tumors in the rectum respectively. The mini review summed up the main points about prevalence, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, pathological, treatment and molecular mechanism features of SC based on current literature, which probably has significant distinctions with solitary tumors. Conclusions: Compared with isolated colorectal cancer, SC usually has a low stage，grade and incidence, but the age, sex and location is still a controversial issue. Colonoscopy and surgery are considered to be the best diagnosis and treatment method for SC. At present, serrated adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are considered to be closely related to SC. MSI and gene mutation are two molecular mechanisms that lead to SC.
Insight Into Impacts of Sewage Discharge and River Self-Purification on Microbial Dynamics and Pathogenicity in River Ecosystem
Authors: Xie Yuyang , Liu Xiaolin , Ni Shou-Qing , Wei Haiwei , Chen Xue , Ismail Sherif , Ahmad Shakeel , Lee Taeho
Published: July 2021

Sewage directly discharge causes serious environmental problems. Here, the effects of treated and untreated sewage on the river ecosystem were investigated. The variations of microbial community structure, including infectious pathogenic bacteria and functional bacteria related to nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD metabolism were studied in detail. Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly decreased, while, Proteobacteria containing various infectious pathogens, such as Vibrio and Helicobacter, significantly increased after the discharge of raw sewage. Although the microbial structure was slightly restored and the abundance of most pathogenic bacteria was also slightly reduced through river self-purification, direct discharge of raw sewage caused severe and short-term irreversible damage to the river environment. Direct discharge also introduced various pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD, increasing the corresponding functional bacteria and their related genes. Furthermore, the high abundance of pathogenic bacteria of the drain outlet was mainly from raw sewage rather than bacteria reproduction caused by water deterioration according to the RDA analysis. With these results, direct discharge disturbed the ecological balance of the river. Therefore, more attention is needed to provide a hygienic situation for people and all sewage should be treated properly. In conclusion, all sewage should be treated properly before discharge into ecosystems to mitigate its negative impacts on receiving water bodies.
Emerging Developments Regarding Nanocellulose-based Membrane Filtration Material Against Microbes
Authors: Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Kasim Noor Azilah Mohd , Knight Victor Feizal , Ong Keat Khim , Noor Siti Aminah Mohd , Halim Norhana Abdul , Shah Noor Aisyah Ahmad , Jamal Siti Hasnawati , Janudin Nurjahirah , Misenan Muhammad Syukri Mohamad , Ahmad Muhammad Zamharir , Yaacob Mohd Hanif , Yu Wan Md Zin Wan
Published: July 2021

Wide availability and diversity of dangerous microbes poses a considerable problem for health professionals and in the development of new healthcare products. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop membrane filters that have antibacterial properties to solve this problem. Without proper protective filter equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. A combination of nanotechnology and biosorption is expected to offer a new and greener approach to improve the usefulness of polysaccharides as an advanced membrane filtration material. Nanocellulose is among the emerging materials of this century and several studies had proven its usefulness in filtering microbes. Its high specific surface area enables the adsorption of various microbial species, and its innate porosity can separate various molecules and retain microbial objects. Besides that, the presence of an abundant OH groups in nanocellulose allows its surface modification which can increase its filtration efficiency through the formation of affinity interactions toward microbes. In this review, an update of the most relevant uses of nanocellulose as a new class of membrane filters against microbes is outlined. Key advancements in surface modifications of nanocellulose to enhance its rejection mechanism is also critically discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on the development of nanocellulose as a membrane filter against microbes.
An Intelligent Feature Selection using Archimedes Optimization algorithm for Facial Analysis
Authors: NEGGAZ Imène , FIZAZI Hadria
Published: July 2021

Human facial analysis (HFA) has recently become an attractive topic for computer vision research due to the technological progress and the increase of mobile applications. HFA explores several issues as gender recognition, facial expression, age, and race recognition for automatically understanding social life. In addition, the development of several algorithms inspired by swarm intelligence, biological inspiration, and physical/mathematical rules allow giving another dimension of feature selection in the field of machine learning and computer vision.
This paper develops a novel wrapper feature selection method for gender recognition using the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The paper's primary purpose is to automatically determine the optimal face area using AOA to recognize the gender of a human person categorized by two classes (Men and women). In this paper, the facial image is divided into several sub-regions (blocks), where each area provides a vector of characteristics using one method from handcrafted techniques as the local binary pattern (LBP), histogram oriented gradient (HOG), or Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The proposed method (AOA) is assessed on two publicly datasets: Georgia Tech Face dataset (GT) and the Brazilian FEI dataset. The experimental results show a good performance of AOA compared to other recent and competitive optimizers as Sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO), Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO), Harris Hawks Optimize (HHO), Multi-verse Optimizer (MVO) and Manta-ray Foraging Optimizer (MRFO) in terms of accuracy and the number of the selected area.
The Problem with “The Measurement Problem”.
Authors: Ali Muhammad
Published: July 2021

This paper argues that the “Measurement Problem” is foundationally moot, using the abstraction of “Color Guessing Game”. It has been reasoned that the preferred question to ask is, once taken the measurement, what is the certainty that the measured physical state of quantum system is the original intended state governed by absolute laws of nature. The certainty of the measured state [[EQUATION]] of the physical system with wave function [[EQUATION]] being the original intended state is given by [[EQUATION]], given that the measurement probe’s wave function interaction with[[EQUATION]] is unknown. It has been argued that measured state’s interactions with other quantum system corresponds to classical reality, which can be changed by the act of measurement.
2020 Global Conference on Wireless and Optical Technologies (GCWOT) Help Pro
Authors: KHAN ALI YOUSUF , Luque-Nieto Miguel Angel , Batool Samiya , Ahmed Hammad , Saeed Abdul Hadi , Asif Zaid
Published: July 2021

Information and Communication Technologies are regularly used in medicinal services and associations around the world. The Android working framework-based electronic contraptions, for example, Smartphones, smart TV and tablets are comprehensively utilized for numerous purposes. Within android devices, there are distinctive types of health and medical applications that provide ease to patients and their caretakers to lessen time [1]. This undertaking includes a thought that is proposed, to save lives by a single tap. It is very advantageous for users in case of emergency: through this application, an ambulance could be available within 100 meters of the user’s real-time location. The Dijkstra algorithm is used in this application by Google Maps API (Application Programming Interface) and this way nearest ambulance arrives on time. Consequently, not only time is efficiently saved but also precious lives.
The Effect of Preoperative Hypoalbuminemia on Complications After Primary Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Yang , Jiang Lingxiao , Liu Hankun , Pan Zhengqi , Wang Hua , Chen Liaobin
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To explore the risk factors of preoperative hypoalbuminemia and its’ effects on complications in elderly with the primary hip arthroplasty.
Methods

A total of 211 elderly inpatients who underwent hip arthroplasty were collected. All patients were divided into control group (preoperative serum albumin ≥ 35 g/L) and case group (preoperative serum albumin < 35 g/L). The risk factors of preoperative hypoalbuminemia and the postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results

Compared to controls, hypoalbuminemia patients were older (P = 0.026), had lower BMI (P = 0.045), higher Cardiac function score (P < 0.0001), higher ASA scores (P = 0.023), longer hospital stay (P < 0.001). The intraoperative albumin loss in case group was significantly higher than that of in control group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to controls, hypoalbuminemia patients had higher risk for any complication (P = 0.014), such as delayed wound healing, pleural effusion, and pneumonia. The risk of postoperative complications increased by 6.9% with every 1 year old increasing (age > 60). The risk of postoperative complications in case group was 1.89 times higher than that in control group.
Conclusion

Patients with older age, poor nutritional status and more than 2 concomitant diseases are more likely to develop preoperative hypoalbuminemia. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is related to the increased incidence of postoperative complications. Perioperative albumin loss is not only due to perioperative blood loss, but also related to vascular permeability and abnormal albumin metabolism.
Promotion of tumor progression induced by continuous low-dose administration of antineoplastic agent gemcitabine or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin
Authors: CHEN Yanshen , LIU Hua , ZHENG Qiaowei , LI Houli , YOU Huining , FENG Yan , CHENG Kai , MA Wenbing , ZHUO Yingchen , KOU Jianrong , LI Min , FENG Weiyi
Published: July 2021

Background: There are indications that certain antineoplastic agents at low dosages may exhibit abnormal pharmacological actions, such as promoting tumor growth. However, the phenomenon still needs to be further confirmed, and its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.Methods: Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed as representative antineoplastic agents to observe effects of continuous low-dose chemotherapy with GEM or GEM combined with CDDP (GEM+CDDP) on tumor formation and growthin xenograft tumor models in vivo. Tumor and endothelial cell functions, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, as well as bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) mobilization, were evaluated with transwell, MTT or flow cytometry analysis in vitro, respectively. Histological methods were employed to assess angiogenesis in tumor tissues.Results: The results showed that tumor formation and growth were both significantly promoted by GEM or GEM+CDDP at as low as half of the metronomic dosages, which were accompanied by enhancements of angiogenesis in tumor tissues and the release of proangiogenic BMDCs in the circulating blood. Additionally, GEM or GEM+CDDP at low concentrations dramatically facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Cell-cycle arrest, activation of associated apoptotic proteins, and inhibition of apoptosis were also observed in tumor cells. Conclusions: These findings indicate that, the continuous low-dose administration of GEM and GEM+CDDP can promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression in vivo by inhibiting apoptosis, mobilizing BMDCs, and promoting angiogenesis in certain dose ranges. These findings urge further investigations to avoid the potential risks in current empiric continuous low-dose chemotherapy regimens with antineoplastic agents.
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Statistical Multivariate Analysis “PCA” in the Mediterranean Kabylia
Authors: kab Amel , Djerbal Lynda , bahar Ramdane
Published: July 2021

Landslides are one of the most catastrophic geo-risks observed in northern Algeria, particularly in the regions of mountain ranges (Mediterranean Kabylia), where the processes are spectacular. Over the past decade, the landslides risk has become increasingly amplified in urban space, mainly affecting the economy and human life. This highlights the importance and the need to predict the spatial occurrence of these events in the national territory. In order to better manage this phenomenon, decision-makers must be able to have susceptibility maps, allowing them to identify areas in their region where new landslides will have a higher probability of being triggered in the future and of predefine the damage associated with this phenomenon. However, approaches to assessing landslide sensitivity require a good knowledge of previously observed scenarios and include data collection and management, as well as spatial and statistical analyzes. In this study, a new multivariate statistical approach "PCA" was proposed to produce landslide susceptibility maps of the study area in a GIS system. This study allows the automatic analysis of most of the parameters related to the occurrence of slope failures while reducing the factors not influencing the triggering of landslides, this eliminates the effect of redundancy between the factors studied.
Survey of Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and The Genetic Transmission Networks Among HIV-Infected Individuals in Southwestern China, 2014-2020
Authors: Xu Xiaoshan , Luo Liuhong , Song Chang , Li Jianjun , Chen Huanhuan , Zhu Qiuying , Lan Guanghua , Liang Shujia , Shen Zhiyong , Cao Zhiqiang , Feng Yi , Liao Lingjie , Xing Hui , Shao Yiming , Ruan Yuhua
Published: July 2021

Background

Pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) can limit the effectiveness of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PDR among HIV-infected individuals that initiated antiretroviral therapy in 2014–2020 in southwestern China.
Methods

Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Qinzhou, Guangxi. We obtained blood samples from individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV in 2014–2020. PDR and genetic networks analyses were performed by HIV-1 pol sequences by using the Stanford HIV-database algorithm and HIV-TRACE, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the potential factors associated with PDR.
Results

In total, 3236 eligible patients were included. The overall prevalence of PDR was 6.0% (194/3236). The PDR frequency to NNRTI (3.3%) was much higher than that to NRTI (1.7%) and PI (1.2%) (p < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among individuals aged 18–29 (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR):1.79, 95% CI: 1.28–2.50) or 30–49 (aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.73–4.82), and infected with CRF08_BC (aOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.58–6.59). A total of 1429 (43.8%) sequences were linked forming transmission clusters ranging in size from 2 to 119 individuals. Twenty-two individuals in 10 clusters same drug resistant mutations (DRMs), mostly to NNRTIs (50%, 5/10).
Conclusions

The overall prevalence of PDR was medium, numerous cases of the same DRMs among genetically linked individuals in networks further illustrated the importance of surveillance studies for mitigating PDR.
Feasibility Study and Direct Extraction of Endogenous Free Metallic Cations Combining Hemodialysis and Chelating Polymer
Authors: Natuzzi Marco , Grange Coralie , Gréa Thomas , Brichart Thomas , Aigle Axel , Bechet Denise , Hautefeuille Benoit , Thomas Eloise , Ayoub Jean-Yves , Bonnet Jeanne-Marie , Louzier Vanessa , Allaouchiche Bernard , Couturier Aymeric , Montembault Alexandra , Oliveira Paula Nunes , David Laurent , Lux François , Tillement Olivier
Published: July 2021

In this article, we report the conception and the use of dialysis based medical device for extraction of metals. The medical device is obtained by addition in the dialysate of a functionnalized chitosan that can chelate endogenous metals like iron or copper. The water soluble functionnalized chitosan is obtained after controlled reacetylation and addition of DOTAGA. Due to the high mass of chitosan, the polymer cannot cross through the membrane and the metals are trapped in the dialysate during hemodialysis. Copper captation has been evaluated in vitro using an hemodialysis protocol. Feasibility study has been performed on healthy sheep showing no acute toxicity of the whole procedure and first insights of metallic extraction even on healthy animals.
Arsenic Induced Free Radicals Mediated Genotoxicity and Protective Features of Ocimum Gratissium L.
Authors: Mishra Nikhil , Tripathi Seema , KUMAR ANIL
Published: July 2021

Arsenic toxicity is a worldwide geogenic problem for large number of populations. The major problem of arsenicosis is generation of free radicals and related genotoxicity, In the present study three plants species Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, were examined by both in vivo and in vitro methods in Oryctolagus cuniculus L to know the free radical scavenging property in Sodium Arsenite induced oxidative stress and related genotoxicity. Oxidative stress was evaluated considering MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT & GPx, and genotoxicity was examined by comet assay and RAPD test. In the present study, Na3AsO3 was found to generate free radicals in lymphocytes of O. cuniculus and best recovery was reported (MDA-4.78 ± 0.05; GSH-2.87 ± 0.50;SOD-1.78 ± 0.03;CAT-2.72 ± 0.02;GPx-7.43 ± 0.01) under exposure of ethanolic leaf extract of O. gratissimum. Na3AsO3 was also found to cause polymorphic bands and increased comet tail in lymphocytes which was found significantly recovered by exposure of ethanolic leaf extract of O. gratissimum.
Multiple Outbreaks Resulting from Asymptomatic Infection in Spreading of COVID-19
Authors: Li Jun , Ma Mingju
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we establish a compartmental model for the transmission of COVID-19 with both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. The difference is that in our model, we consider the infection caused by multiple contacts with asymptomatic infected population. Through the dynamic analysis of the model, we found that when there is only one contact with an asymptomatic infected people, the system has a unique threshold to control the disease. When there is two contact with asymptomatic infected population, the system will undergo forward bifurcation, backward bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, supercritical Hopf bifurcation, subcritical Hopf bifurcation, and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation with codimension 2. Finally, we give The complete bifurcation diagram and global phase diagram of the system, and the biological significance of our results are also given.
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients With Chondrosarcoma Older Than 60 Years ：an Analysis of 610 Cases from the SEER Database
Authors: Chen Tailong , Zhou Nan , Tang Zhongxin , Guo Xing , Wang Wengang
Published: July 2021

Background

Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of bone tumor which more commonly found in adults range from 40 to 60 years old. Few studies has described the characteristic and prognostic factors of patients older than 60 years. This study aimed to study this feature and identify the prognostic factors based on SEER database.
Methods

Thus, we collected clinicopathological data of chondrosarcoma patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database from 1975 to 2018, and then use the Kaplan-Meier to analyze the patients’ survival. We also utilize Cox proportional hazard model to explore the prognostic factors and relevant characteristic including patients’ baseline demographics (age, race, and gender), tumor characteristics (tumor extension, histologic subtype, therapy, primary site, stage and grade.
Results

After the implementation of exclusion criteria, there were 610 patients with chondrosarcoma older than 60 years. Our data showed that the incidence of chondrosarcoma is slightly higher in men than in women (52.3% vs 47.7%). In general, 90.8% of tumor had metastasized to distant sites. Meanwhile, 41.8% of tumors occurred in axial location (pelvis, spine, and ribs), 50.8% of tumors occurred in extremity (long or short bones of the upper or lower extremity), and 7.4% in other location (mandible, skull, and other atypical locations). Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.553; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.754–3.716), grade (g2:HR:=1.299; 95% CI:=0.888-1.900, g3:HR = 1.839;95% CI = 1.174–2.881, g4:HR = 3.284,95%CI = 2.053–5.253), distant metastasis (HR = 3.264; 95% CI= (2.288–4.058), non-surgery perform (HR = 2.854; 95% CI = 2.022–4.028) were independent risk factors for 5-year overall survival.
Conclusion

In conclusion, higher grade, non-surgery perform, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and distant metastasis indicated worse prognosis survival. Surgery can significantly improve the survival time of patients.
Trends in Veteran Population Use to Veterans Affairs Chiropractic Care
Authors: Burdick Ryan , Corcoran Kelsey , Zhao Xiwen , Lisi Anthony
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has initiated various approaches to provide chiropractic care to Veterans. Prior work has shown substantial increase in use of VA chiropractic care between fiscal years (FY) 2005-2016. However, the extent of the availability of these services to the Veteran population remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of Veteran use of VA chiropractic services, both from on-site care at VA facilities and VA purchased care from community care providers. This study analyzed facility characteristics associated with chiropractic use by both care delivery mechanisms (on-site and in the community).MethodsCross-sectional analyses of administrative data were conducted for FY 2014-19. Data were obtained from VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse. The variables extracted included number of unique Veterans receiving VA chiropractic care on-site and in the community, total Veteran population of the VA facilities, size of the VA chiropractic workforce (measured as Full-Time Equivalent, FTE), and facility characteristics (geographic region and the facility complexity). Descriptive statistics, mixed model, and multivariant models were used to analyze data.ResultsUse of VA chiropractic care increased over the six-year period for both on-site and community care. National average for on-site use of the population was 1.27% in FY14 and 1.48% in FY19. Community care use was 0.29% and 1.76% for the same years. Use at individual facilities varied widely in each FY. Factors such as chiropractor FTE, geographic locations, and the complexity of the VA facility are associated with use of chiropractic services.ConclusionThe VA has expanded the non-pharmacologic treatments available to Veterans by providing chiropractic services, yet chiropractic use remains low compared to other US populations. As Veterans have a high prevalence of pain and musculoskeletal conditions, continued work to assess and achieve the optimal levels of chiropractic use in this population is warranted.
Preoperative Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and the Risk of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Patients With Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Receiving Coronary Arteriography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fu Han , Yang Shicheng , Guo Zhigang , Fu Naikuan
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary arteriography /percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, we evaluated whether preoperative fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic and prediabetic patients who received CAG/PCI impacted the occurrence of postoperative CIN.Methods: We reviewed the incidence of preoperative FBG and postoperative CIN in 3437 patients with CAG/PCI from January 1, 2019, to May 28, 2021 in Tianjin Chest Hospital. Patients were divided into 5 groups based on their preoperative FBG levels. Blood samples were collected at admission and at 48 h and 72 h after operation to determine the serum creatinine levels of patients. P for trend was used to analyze the trend between preoperative FBG levels and the increased risk of CIN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to exclude the influence of the confounding factors, and some high-risk confounders were selected for subgroup analysis.Results: We found that patients with elevated preoperative FBG levels had higher body mass index (BMI), received PCI more often, and had higher basal SCr levels. The incidence of CIN in the 5 groups of patients was 6.7%, 10.5%, 17.5%, 18.4%, and 23.2%. The trend test was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) (1.000, 1.425, 2.489, 2.704, 3.234). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that in the main high-risk subgroups including BMI, PCI, hypertension, and age>65, patients with elevated preoperative FBG levels (≥150 mg/dL) had a higher risk of CIN. There was a significant relationship between higher preoperative FBG levels and greater risk for CIN in patients with HbA1c 6.5%-8.0% (P=0.007) and HbA1c 8.0%-9.5% (P=0.011). Conclusions: Results of our cross-sectional study shows that elevated preoperative FBG levels are independently associated with the risk of CIN in diabetic and prediabetic patients undergoing CAG/PCI, and that the incidence of CIN gradually increases with an increase in preoperative FBG levels. Therefore, patients with elevated preoperative FBG at admission should be carefully monitored and more active measures should be taken to prevent CIN.
Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict clinical deterioration in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Azadbakht Javid , Rashedi Sina , Kooraki Soheil , Kowsari Hamed , Tabibian Elnaz
Published: July 2021

Objectives We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model to predict clinical deterioration defined as either death or intensive care unit admission of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods This prospective, multicenter study investigated 172 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients who underwent a chest computed tomography (CT) scan between March 20 and April 30, 2020 (development cohort), as well as an independent sample of 40 consecutive patients for external validation (validation cohort). The clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were gathered, and logistic regression along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.Results The overall clinical deterioration rates of the development and validation cohorts were 28.4% (49 of 172) and 30% (12 of 40), respectively. Seven predictors were included in the scoring system with a total score of 15: CT severity score\(\ge\)15 (Odds Ratio (OR)=6.34, 4 points), pleural effusion (OR = 6.80, 2 points), symptom onset to admission ≤ 6 days (OR = 2.44, 2 points), age\(\ge\)70 years (OR = 2.44, 2 points), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.24, 2 points), dyspnea (OR = 2.17, 1.5 points), and abnormal leukocyte count (OR = 1.89, 1.5 points). The area under the ROC curve for the scoring system in the development and validation cohorts was 0.823 (CI [0.751–0.895]) and 0.558 (CI [0.340–0.775]), respectively.Conclusion This study provided a new easy-to-calculate scoring system with external validation for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to predict clinical deterioration based on a combination of seven clinical, laboratory, and radiologic parameters.
Low-temperature Plasma Jet Activated Media Induces Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells via the Cytochrome c/caspase 3 Pathway
Authors: Fukuhara Hideo , Szili Endre J. , Oh Jun-Seok , Chiaki Kawada , Yamamoto Shinkuro , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Furihata Mutsuo , Tsuda Masayuki , Furuta Hiroshi , Lindsay Howard D. , Short Robert D. , Hatta Akimitsu , Inoue Keiji
Published: July 2021

Current methods used to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer are inadequate due to a high recurrence rate after surgery and occurrence of adverse events such as interstitial pneumonia following intravesical instillation therapy. Low-temperature plasma is a new form of physical therapy that provides a rich source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative solutions, created by pre-treatment of aqueous media with plasma before application to target cells, lead to the destruction of cancer cells through oxidative stress pathways. This study focuses on the effects of plasma activated media (PAM) in bladder cancer cells. PAM treatment increases up regulation of p21 and down regulation of Cyclin D and CdK4 leading to cell cycle arrest, and concomitantly depolarises the mitochondrial membrane leading to increased mitochondrial ROS production. Cell cycle arrest and increased mitochondrial ROS production induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells in vitro and in a bladder cancer tumour in vivo via the pro-apoptotic caspase 3/cytochrome c pathway. These observations highlight the potential of plasma activated solutions as a new adjuvant therapy in the clinical treatment of bladder cancer.
Correlations obtained from optical spectra of Fe-pnictides using an extended Drude-Lorentz model
Authors: Lee Seokbae , Seo Yu-Seong , Roh Seulki , Song Dongjoon , Eisaki Hirosh , Hwang Jungseek
Published: July 2021

We introduce an analysis model, an extended Drude–Lorentz model, and apply it to Fe-pnictide systems to extract their electron–boson spectral density functions (or correlation spectra). The extended Drude–Lorentz model consists of an extended Drude mode for describing correlated charge carriers and Lorentz modes for interband transitions. The extended Drude mode can be obtained by a reverse process starting from the electron–boson spectral density function and extending to the optical self-energy, and eventually, to the optical conductivity. Using the extended Drude–Lorentz model, we obtained the electron–boson spectral density functions of K-doped BaFe 2 As 2 (Ba-122) at four different doping levels. We discuss the doping-dependent properties of the electron–boson spectral density function of K-doped Ba-122. We also can include pseudogap effects in the model using this new approach. Therefore, this new approach is very helpful for understanding and analyzing measured optical spectra of strongly correlation electron systems, including high-temperature superconductors (cuprates and Fe-pnictides).
EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendroglias
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Xie Lesi , Li Jiao , Li Conghui , Zheng Kang , Zhao Xiaofeng , Yang Aifen , Xu Xiaofeng , Tao Huaping , Qiu Mengsheng , Yang Junlin
Published: July 2021

Background

The conversion of astrocytes activated by nerve injuries to oligodendrocytes is not only beneficial to axonal remyelination, but also helpful for reversal of glial scar. Recent studies have shown that Sox10 transcription factor can achieve this transdifferentiation process in collaboration with some unknown factors in the pathological microenvironment. The extracellular factors underlying the cell fate switching are not known.
Methods

Astrocytes were obtained from mouse cortical dissociation culture and purified by differential adherent properties. The lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocyte lineage cells was carried out by Sox10-expressing virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, meanwhile, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib were adopted to investigate the function of EGF signaling in this fate transition process. Pharmacological inhibition analyses were performed to examine the pathway connecting the EGF with the expression of oligodendrogenic genes and cell fate transdifferentiation.
Results

EGF treatment facilitated the Sox10-induced transformation of astrocytes to O4+ induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs) in vitro. The transdifferentiation of astrocytes to iOPCs went through two distinct but interconnected processes: (1) dedifferentiation of astrocytes to astrocyte precursor cells (APCs); (2) transformation of APCs to iOPCs, EGF signaling was involved in both processes. And EGF triggered astrocytes to express oligodendrogenic genes Olig1 and Olig2 by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) pathway. In addition, we discovered that EGF can enhance astrocyte transdifferentiation in injured spinal cord tissues.
Conclusions

These findings provide strong evidence that EGF facilitates the transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendroglias, and suggest that targeting the EGF-EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for myelin repair in injured central nervous system (CNS) tissues.
Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of selenium yeast on improving eggshell quality in aged laying hens
Authors: Liu Zhexi , Cao Yutao , Ai Yue , Yin Xiaonan , Wang Lingli , Wang Mengyao , Zhang Bingkun , Wu Keliang , Guo Yuming , han hongbing
Published: July 2021

Background

Egg internal and eggshell quality were deteriorated in aging laying hens. Improving egg and shell quality can prolong the laying cycle. Although, selenium yeast (SY) has been found with the potential to enhance the laying performance and egg quality, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effect and molecule mechanism of selenium yeast on egg and shell quality in aged laying hens.
Methods

Three hundred 76-week-old Jing Hong laying hens were divided into four equal treatments and fed with Se-deficient diet (SD), 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 mg/kg selenium yeast diet (SY0.15, SY0.30 and SY0.45). At the end of the trial, we evaluated the plasma and tissue selenium content, plasma antioxidant capacity and egg quality. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the boosting effect of selenium yeast on eggshell quality. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis was performed to screen out the key candidate genes related with eggshell quality affected by selenium yeast.
Results

Dietary selenium yeast supplementation enhanced the eggshell strength (SY0.45) (P < 0.01) and reduced the shell translucence (SY0.15, SY0.30 and SY0.45) to ameliorate the eggshell quality. Moreover, body Se status and plasma antioxidant capacity were significantly enhanced by selenium yeast supplementation (P < 0.05), and showed a dose-dependent effect. Transcriptomic and WGCNA analysis identified some key candidate genes involved in eggshell quality including cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP), ovalbumin (OVAL), solute carrier family 6 member 17 (SLC6A17), solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and proenkephalin (PENK). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that selenium may alter the biological process including eggshell mineralization, ion transport and laying period to affect eggshell formation.
Conclusion

Selenium yeast enhanced eggshell strength and reduced the shell translucence by improving antioxidant capacity, selenium status, and regulating the processes of shell mineralization, ion transport and laying period. These findings provide a novel molecule biomarker for affecting eggshell quality regulated by selenium.
Impact of white-mater mask selection on DTI histogram-based metrics as potential biomarkers in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Fouto Ana R , Nunes Rita G. , Pinto Joana , Alves Luísa , Calado Sofia , Gonçalves Carina , Rebolo Margarida , Viana-Baptista Miguel , Vilela Pedro , Figueiredo Patrícia
Published: July 2021

Purpose Histogram-based metrics extracted from diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) have been suggested as potential biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but methods and results have varied across studies. This work aims to assess the impact of mask selection for extracting histogram-based metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on their sensitivity as SVD biomarkers.Methods DTI data were collected from 17 SVD patients and 12 healthy controls. For each participant, FA and MD maps were estimated; from these, histograms were computed on two alternative whole-brain white-matter masks: normal-appearing white-matter (NAWM) and mean FA tract skeleton (TBSS). Histogram-based metrics (median, peak height, peak width, peak value) were extracted from the FA and MD maps. These were compared between patients and controls, and correlated with the patients’ cognitive scores (executive function and processing speed).Results White matter mask selection significantly impacted FA and MD histogram metrics and affected their ability to discriminate between groups. Moreover, we observed that the mask can influence the correlations with cognitive measures. Nevertheless, the MD peak height and MD peak width metrics remained significantly correlated with executive function, regardless of the mask.Conclusion Our results corroborate previous reports and further support the value of DTI histogram-based metrics as SVD biomarkers. However, they also highlight the importance of the processing methodology, in particular the choice of white matter mask, as hence the urgent need to mitigate the lack of standardized MRI data-processing pipelines.
Research on the Mechanisms of Internal Gear Honing by use of Cone-shape Honing Wheel with Tool Tilt Angle
Authors: Guo Zheng , Li Yan , Guo Wen-Chao , Zhang Wu-Gang , Gao Feng , Zhang Dong-Ya
Published: July 2021

Ring gear is an important transmission component, but restricted by its ring-shape structure, the tooth surfaces are pretty hard to be finished after heat treatment. Honing is the most commonly used finishing technique for external gear, but for ring gear, it is inconvenient. In this paper, a new type of cone-shape honing wheel is proposed and the honing mechanism is studied for improving the honing performance of ring gear. First of all, the mathematical model of the honing technology by use of cone-shape honing wheel is built, and the merits of the new honing method are discussed. Then, the contact conditions between the honing wheel and the work gear are analyzed, and it is found that the tool tilt angle of the honing wheel has good influences on the honing mark distribution of the work gear. Finally, the honing simulations for ring gear by use of cone-shape honing wheel are carried out, by which the feasibility of the new honing technique are verified.
Angelicin Shows Antitumor Effects On The Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Negatively Regulating DUSP6-Mediated cMYC-MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Na , Shang Qianhui , Qi Jiajia , Li Qionghua , Sun Yutong , Chen Jinhuan , Deng Jing , Dan Hongxia , Xie Liang , Chen Qianming
Published: July 2021

Background: Angelicin has been reported to have antitumor effects on many cancers. However, few studies on angelicin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been performed. Methods: In this study, we performed a cell cycle and apoptosis assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay to assess the effects of angelicin on malignant phenotypes of OSCC in vitro. To determine the potential regulatory mechanism, we conducted differentially expressed genes analysis of OSCC cells. Subsequently, nude mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate the function of angelicin and validate the regulatory mechanism in vivo. Results: The results showed that angelicin inhibited the malignant phenotype of OSCC in vitro and reduced tumor formation in vivo. Mechanistically, angelicin induced the downregulation of the significantly different gene—dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) and the downstream transcription factor c-MYC in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that angelicin has antitumor effects on OSCC by negatively regulating the DUSP6-mediated cMYC-MAPK signaling pathway and is a promising antitumor drug in OSCC therapy.