bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MATEMATIKA PADA EFEKTIVITAS VAKSIN MENGENDALIKAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nasution Hamidah , Alamsyah Febi , Surbakti Nurul Maulida
Published: June 2024

Abstrak. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ataulebih dikenal Covid-19 adalah virus menular yang sangat berbahaya dan menular denganÂ cepat. Penyebaran Covid-19 terus menjadi tantangan global yang signifikan danÂ dapat menimbulkan kematian. Vaksinasi menjadi strategi penting dalam upaya mengendalikanÂ penyebaran penyakit Covid-19 ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menunjukkanÂ efktivitas vaksinasi dalam mengendalikan penyebaran Covid-19 di wilayah SumateraÂ Utara. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah melalui pengembangan dan analisis modelÂ matematika yang mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi penyebaranÂ penyakit. Dalam model ini, kami menggabungkan parameter vaksinasi denganÂ variabel-variabel terkait penyebaran penyakit seperti tingkat kontak sosial, kekebalanÂ populasi, dan faktor risiko lainnya. Vaksinasi dilakukan terhadap populasi rentan, HasilÂ evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam mengendalikanÂ penyebaran Covid-19 di Sumatera Utara. Dengan menggunakan model matematika,Â dapat memprediksi dampak vaksinasi terhadap penurunan jumlah kasus, tingkatÂ kesembuhan, dan tingkat kematian terkait Covid-19. Selain itu, kami juga menganalisisÂ skenario vaksinasi yang berbeda untuk mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam mengurangipenyebaran penyakit Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar populasi rentanyang divaksin akan memperlambat laju penularan sehingga mengurangi populasi terinfeksi.Â Analisis dari hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa 75% jumlah populasi di ProvinsiÂ Sumatera Utara melaksanakan vaksinasi memberikan penurunan jumlah populasi terinfeksiÂ yang signifikan, grafik populasi terinfeksi turun melandai menuju nol, artinyaÂ kasus Covid-19 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam kurun waktu tertentu berkurang secaraÂ signifikan, Covid-19 bukan pandemi lagi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasarÂ bagi pengambilan keputusan yang berorientasi pada vaksinasi dan upaya pengendalianÂ penyebaran Covid-19 di Sumatera Utara.
Dimensi Metrik Dari Graf Palem
Authors: Mellany Mellany , YULIANTI LYRA , WELYYANTI DES
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari dimensi metrik dari garf palem CkPlSm, untuk k â‰¥ 3,l â‰¥ 2 dan m â‰¥ 2. Graf Palem CkPlSm merupakan graf yang dibangun oleh tiga graf, yaitu Graf Lingkaran Ck, Graf Lintasan Pl , dan Graf Bintang Sm. Penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa dimensi metrik graf palem adalah m, dim(H) = m.
A New Second Derivative Free Iterative Method of Fifth Order of Convergence and Its Applications
Authors: Putri Ayunda , M Imran
Published: June 2024

The primary objective of this article is to derive a new free from second derivative iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. The proposed method is proven to have fifth order of convergence. Comparisons with other iterative methods represent the advantage of the modified method. Observation on applications of the method in problem of chemical equilibrium , binary azeotropic problem, volume from van der Waals equations and eccentric anomaly in Kepler's law exhibits that our method is applicable and preferable.
Sistema de Información Contable en la era digital. Marco de referencia para su administración y control
Authors: Solano Rodríguez Omar Javier , Riascos Erazo Sandra Cristina
Published: June 2024

El libro Sistemas de información contable en la era digital busca abordar los avances tecnológicos en materia de los sistemas informáticos contables que se han desarrollado en los últimos años con el propósito de entregar un conocimiento efectivo a las personas de la alta gerencia y tomadores de decisión a nivel organizacional. El reporte de la información contable y financiera que deben llevar a cabo las organizaciones a través del extensible business reporting language (XBRL) o lenguaje extensible de reportes de negocios e Internet está adquiriendo un destacado papel en el mundo. La red global de redes transporta información sensible relacionada con varios campos distintos, tales como informes de mercado, información financiera y una cantidad de datos de las personas y de las empresas; bibliotecas digitales, producción de cultivos, tráfico de líneas aéreas, etc. Por tanto, el libro tiene la pretensión de abordar las implicaciones de los SIC en los procesos y ciclos de las organizaciones modernas, así como también en el escenario de la era digital que ha conllevado a las empresas a implementar estrategias haciendo uso de los negocios electrónicos: e-business, el comercio electrónico, e-marketing, e-logistic, e-tailer y e-payment, entre otros. Muchos sectores están atravesando un proceso de desregularización y la empresa privada se está convirtiendo en la principal impulsora del crecimiento de la economía. En este sentido, los clientes demandan productos y servicios de mayor calidad, reducción de los plazos, mejora en el servicio, atención personalizada y, todo ello, manteniendo, e incluso, reduciendo los costos. Es así como en el texto se hace una breve exposición sobre el significado de big data y data analytics, y su importancia en el contexto empresarial. Se espera que la información depositada en el libro sea de gran utilidad para los estudiantes de las áreas administrativas y contables, especialmente para los contadores, cuyo quehacer profesional conlleva de forma constante la toma de decisiones en el marco de las organizaciones modernas que se proyectan en un entorno competitivo e innovador e influenciado por las dinámicas de una economía basada en la gestión del conocimiento.
Los emojis en WhatsApp: funciones pragmático-discursivas y multimodalidad

Authors: Padilla Xose A.
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el problema de las funciones de los emojis en WhatsApp, adoptando una perspectiva holística y multimodal y utilizando herramientas pragmáticas, discursivas y no verbales para su análisis. Nuestro trabajo examinará, en primer lugar, las clasificaciones más importantes sobre las funciones de los emojis; y expondrá y ejemplificará, en segundo lugar, una nueva propuesta, basada en tres criterios fundamentales [+-asociación], [+-intensificación], [+-dialógico], que busca superar, en la medida de lo posible, algunos de los problemas que presentan las clasificaciones precedentes. El análisis de los ejemplos de nuestro corpus muestra que los emojis son polifuncionales, es decir, no presentan una asociación necesaria y suficiente entre forma y función. Su descripción funcional, por otra parte, debe realizarse en el seno de un contexto multimodal, es decir, no puede ser separada del resto de códigos (palabras, stickers, vídeos) que conforman el mensaje.
Análisis del funcionamiento pragmático y la distribución regional de los marcadores interrogativos de control de contacto en el corpus PRESEEA. Datos de las comunidades de Madrid, Málaga, Ciudad de México y Santiago de Chile

Authors: Sandoval Cárcamo Jorge , San Martín Núñez Abelardo
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se analizan el funcionamiento pragmático y la distribución regional de los marcadores interrogativos de control de contacto en una muestra de 144 entrevistas del corpus PRESEEA correspondientes a las comunidades de habla de Madrid, Málaga, Ciudad de México y Santiago de Chile. Por un lado, el análisis pragmático de este tipo de marcador del discurso consideró su posición, el tipo de secuencia discursiva y el tema de conversación en el que se insertan. Por otro, su análisis regional se centró en determinar la distribución del empleo de estas partículas en las distintas comunidades hispanohablantes seleccionadas. Los resultados muestran que existen marcadores interrogativos de control de contacto más difundidos que otros y que el marcador ¿no? presenta la mayor frecuencia de uso en la muestra.
Cambios en las formas nominales de tratamiento en español coloquial (del siglo XX al XXI): de tío a bro

Authors: Sanmartin Julia
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación pretende comprobar cómo evolucionan las formas nominales de tratamiento (FNT), usadas con preferencia en el español coloquial de España entre jóvenes en los últimos cincuenta años. Para ello, se ha seleccionado una muestra de ocho FNT (nene -na, tío -a, macho -cha, churri, perra, puta, bro y cari) y se ha analizado a partir de su documentación en tres tipos de datos: fuentes lexicográficas, corpus oral y escrito, y cuestionarios a informantes. Como hipótesis iniciales, se sostiene que estas FNT presentan un incremento de usos disfemísticos entre las mujeres jóvenes (perra, puta); manifiestan las mismas preferencias lexicogenéticas que otros sustantivos recientes del español coloquial (cari y bro); mantienen usos consolidados ya durante el siglo xx (nene -na; tío -a, macho); y se especializan en la selección de destinatarios (perra, puta, bro y macho).
Stalker: o perigo da perseguição
Authors: Telles Lisieux Elaine de Borba , Roza Thiago Henrique
Published: June 2024

Stalker é o termo utilizado para denominar pessoas que possuem um comportamento de perseguição. Esta é uma prática antiga que ficou conhecida na década de 80 e referia-se a perseguidores de artistas. Com o surgimento das redes sociais, esse ato tornou-se mais popular e atualmente qualquer pessoa pode ser vítima de um stalker. A curiosidade nas redes sociais é uma prática normal, mas quando o seguir passa dos limites pode se tornar um grande problema. O stalking é considerado uma prática abusiva e é considerado crime no Brasil de acordo com a Lei 14.132/2021 - crime de perseguição: a perturbação à liberdade ou privacidade da vítima.
البعد الاقتصادي في سياسية الخليفة علي بن ابي طالب(رضي الله عنه)
Authors: محمد الجنـــديل هاشم صائب , علي القيسي محمود دخيل
Published: June 2024

للسياسة الاقتصادية أهمية كبيرة وأثر فعال في الحفاظ على دولة قوية وثابتة في مواجهة التحديات الاقتصادية التي تواجهها ، وفي تعزيز وجودها ، وكذلك إبعاد الفرد والمجتمع عن تأثير الأزمات الاقتصادية من خلال الإدارة الناجحة في الدولة . المجال الاقتصادي والذي بدوره يعمل على الحفاظ على هيبة الدولة ومكانتها .
     ومن هنا كان للسياسة الاقتصادية مكانها اللائق في سياسة الخليفة  علي بن ابي طالب رضي الله عنه . جعلها من أولوياته ، استشعر منه أهميتها في تثبيت أركان الدولة ، وتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية ، واستعادة ثقة الرعايا بعد أن عصفت بهم الانقسامات وتنازعتهم الأهواء ، فعمل على إعادة الهيكلة الجهاز الإداري ، وذلك بالاهتمام باختيار الولاة وفق قاعدة العدل ، والتركيز على العدل في معاملة الرعايا ، وإعادة الدولة إلى سابق عهدها.
     إذ نسعى لبيان سياسة الخليفة علي (رضي الله عنه) رضي الله عنه وإدارته الناجحة والتي نتج عنها الحفاظ على مكانة الدولة سياسياً واقتصادياً ، لإيماننا بحاجتنا إلى الاستفادة من تلك السياسة في وقتنا الحاضر .
محطات مضيئة من تاريخ الحركة النسوية في العراق جمعية مكافحة العلل الاجتماعية 1937-1975
Authors: محمد ابتسام حمود , الطيف حارث عبد الرحمن
Published: June 2024

شهد المجتمع العربي بعد انتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى ظهور العديد من الجمعيات والنوادي وغيرها من التنظيمات السياسية والاجتماعية الاخرى ، وقد امتد ذلك التأثير ليشمل معظم البلدان العربية بما فيها العراق اذ تصدرت النسوة فيه ولاسيما المرأة البغدادية لتأسيس مثل هكذا جمعيات ونوادي اجتماعية وثقافية اسوة بأقرانها في ارجاء الوطن العربي ، وقد اظهر ذلك  الامر مشاركة المرأة بميدان جديد لم تكن قد جربته سابقاً ، ان ما كتب عن هذه الجمعية قليل جداً ولا يكاد يذكر الا في بعض المقالات التي نشرت بصورة قليلة جداً ، لذلك سيتم عرض الموضوع بناءً على ما توفر من معلومات عنها . ومن هذا المنطلق نود ان نبين ان ما سنقدمه عبارة عن محطات تاريخية لأبرز موافق الجمعية وليس سرداً تاريخياً مفصلا .
توصلت الدراسة الى ابرز النتائج :

كان للحرمان الذي طبق على المرأة العراقية ومنعها من المشاركة في الحياة العامة اثناء السيطرة العثمانية اثره في ابعادها عن اظهار مواهبها ودورها في بناء المجتمع ومشاركة الرجل في اعماله .
نجحت المرأة العراقية ولاسيما البغدادية في اثبات قدرتها على مواجهة المصاعب وايجاد الحلول لها وفرض نفسها على الواقع الذي طالما حاول استبعادها من المشهد العام في البلاد.
المشاريع الوحدوية(الهلال الخصيب ، سورية الكبرى، الجامعة العربية)
Authors: خلف العبيدي اياد عادل
Published: June 2024

ان دراسة المشاريع الوحدوية المتتبع لتاريخها ونموها وسيرها وتطورها عدت من الامور المهمة في دراسة الاوضاع التي الت اليها بعد ظهور تلك المشاريع , اذ ان الدول العربية مرت بمجموعة محاولات وحدوية , والتي كانت في كل مرة تشتت الوطن العربي اذ ان طموح الحكام العرب للوحدة في الوطن العربي ادى الى تجزئة الوطن العربي الى دول لها حدودها واستقلالها , اهم تلك المشاريع مشروع الهلال الخصيب ومشروع سورية الكبرى والجامعة العربية .
    يرجع مشروع الهلال الخصيب الى نوري السعيد اذ عد الاخير الفرصة مناسبة لتحقيق مشروع نص على توحيد بلاد الشام  تمهيد لتتحادها مع العراق وهذا ما اكدت عليه مشروع جامعة الدول العربية توحيد البلاد العربية تحت حكم شخصية عربية احد انجال الشريف حسين , اما مشروع سورية الكبرى والذي يرجع طرحه مسودة المشروع الى الامير عبدالله امير شرقي الاردن اذ نص على اقامة دولة سورية بحدودها الطبيعية وان يؤسس اتحاد مركزي لشؤون الدفاع والمواصلات والاقتصاد ويكون رئيس المشروع الامير عبدالله غير ان تلك المشاريع لم تنفذ وبالتالي بقي الوطن العربي على تقسيماته الى دول يحكمها حكام ومستقلين بدولتهم .
The Relationship among EFL Teachers' Efficacy, their Instructional Practices and Preparatory School Students' Performance in Receptive Skills
Authors: Majeed Nahida Taha , Mustafa AL-Okiedy Omar Mahmood
Published: June 2024

The study aims to investigate the relationship among EFL teachers' efficacy, their instructional practices and preparatory school students' performance in receptive skills, through:

assessing the average level of EFL TsE.
assessing the average level of EFL teachers' IPs.
finding out whether there is any relationship between EFL TsE and their IPs.
assessing the average level of EFL students' performance in receptive skills (listening comprehension and reading comprehension).
finding out whether there is any relationship between EFL TsE and their students' performance in receptive skills.
finding out whether there is any relationship between EFL teachers' IPs and their students' performance in receptive skills.The population of the present study represents the total number of EFL teachers who teach the fifth-grade students at the preparatory schools for boys and girls and their students in the city of Kirkuk for the academic year 2021-2022. They are enrolled in thirty-eight preparatory schools, i.e. twenty schools for boys and eighteen schools for girls. These thirty-eight schools including fifty teachers for the fifth grade and 7406 students. The sample of this study includes twenty EFL teachers who are distributed among ten schools who represents 40% of its original population. The sample of the EFL fifth year students is 1630 (893 boys and 737 girls) who represents 22.01% of its original population. The study instruments contain: Teachers' Efficacy Questionnaire (TEQ); Teachers' Instructional Practices Questionnaire (TIPQ); Listening Comprehension Test (LCT) and Reading Comprehension Test (RCT),which have been validated , their reliability as well difficulty level and discrimination power are obtained . The study questionnaires have been administrated to the selected sample of the teachers. The tests of the receptive skills have been administrated to the selected sample of the students. The collected data have been analyzed statistically and the obtained results are as follows:1.There is a positive relationship between EFL preparatory school TsE and their IPs.2. There is a positive relationship between EFL preparatory school TsE and their students' performance in the receptive skills.3. There is a positive relationship between EFL preparatory school teachers' IPs and their students' performance in the receptive skills.4. EFL students' performance increased in lessons including multiple instructions such as, provide opportunities for students to use prior knowledge when solving problems, encourage students to relate facts to real life. In the light of these results, some conclusions and recommendations are presented.
Note Taking in Teaching Literature
Authors: ALazzawi Istabraq Tariq , Yaqoob Marwah Shihab , Abdallah Saeed Rawdan
Published: June 2024

This study tackles the methods of note-taking and their usefulness for students who study literature, whether note-taking is used by university students or not, what is the most used method by university students in taking notes, and how useful this method is for students in remembering the information they recorded in the lecture. The aims of this paper are to state whether EFL university students use note taking methods in their studying of literature or not, and to show which methods are used more than others.
       The sample of this study is 143 third and fourth year students at English department, college of education for Humanities, Tikrit university during the academic year 2020-2021. The data is gathered using a questionnaire to determine students’ note taking methods.
     Finally, the obtained data are analyzed statistically. In the light of these results, some conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further studies are presented.
The Rhetoric of Female Senescence: A Gynocritical Reading of Selected Poems
Authors: Al Douri Arwa Hussein , Al-Doory Awfa Hussein
Published: June 2024

Drawing on the social pattern of aged women and the factors that contribute to their restricted roles and consequently Otherness, this research examines the discourse of female senescence, a process that biologically indicates the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. Employing gynocritical criticism, the research examines the literary representation of old-age women in selected poems written by women who test the lived experience of growing old and the challenge it offers to individualistic conceptions of selfhood. The research argues that the examined poems implicitly highlight certain perspectives on aging such as social withdrawal, involvement, and social clock, so as to explain how old women might deal with later life experiences. The study further argues that the strategy of literary representation in the examined poems can be seen as a means through which women writers are engaged in an intellectual battle speaking for old women's subjectivity against entrenched ageist beliefs. According to this context, the research aims to answer the question of how female poets can work toward denaturalizing the social pattern of old-age women by presenting unstereotypical poetic representation.  The significance of the study springs from the less attention feminist criticism pays to old-age women's literature aiming at debasing the stereotypical models of female senescence.
Fashion and Feminism: A Theoretical and Historical Background
Authors: Jamal Fatima Salah , Mohammed Awfa Hussein
Published: June 2024

The study explores the relationship between fashion and feminism. Throughout history, fashion has been considered as a mechanism of oppression, focusing on the historical role of restrictive garments such as corsets in the objectification of women due to patriarchal influence and societal norms. In the context of corsetry, the paper traces the origins of these garments and their role in physically and metaphorically constraining women to fit into the narrow and idealized standards of beauty dictated by patriarchal societies. It delves into how these oppressive clothing items have been portrayed in literary texts, highlighting the struggles of female protagonists against societal constraints. The study further examines how the feminist movement has actively challenged and rejected these restrictive garments, defying norms and advocating for women's autonomy in clothing choices. The analysis of literary works from various eras reveals how authors have captured and critiqued the oppressive nature of these garments, exposing the damaging effects on women's physical well-being. The study further explores the performative aspects of fashion within the context of patriarchy, drawing upon Judith Butler's theory of performativity to critically analyze the ways in which gender is constructed and reinforced through clothing. The study then delves into the contemporary portrayal of clothing as a means of empowerment and autonomy for women, with  focus on  chick lit genre. It discusses how authors within this genre have utilized fashion as a form of self-expression, empowerment, and agency.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Applied Linguistics: An In-Depth Analysis
Authors: Almadhady Abdullah A.
Published: June 2024

Applied Linguistics is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that examines the practical applications of linguistic theories and concepts in real-world contexts. This study delves into the diverse dimensions of applied linguistics aiming to provide an in-depth analysis of its historical roots, theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and practical implications. By examining key areas such as language acquisition, language teaching, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis, this study aims to shed light on the profound impact of applied linguistics on various aspects of human communication and language use. The current study is relied on a wide range of academic sources, including influential works, contemporary research articles, and theoretical frameworks. The historical development of applied linguistics is traced back to its roots in the mid-20th century, highlighting the major contributions and milestones that have shaped the field. Furthermore, the study explores the theoretical frameworks that underpin applied linguistics, behaviorism, sociocultural, connectionism, and Universal Grammar perspectives, providing a deeper understanding of the conceptual foundations of the discipline.
Commissive Speech Act in Joe Biden’s Selected Speech
Authors: Mohammed Ashwaq Jasim
Published: June 2024

This study deals with analyzing the presidential victory speech selected on November 8, 2020, since it has the purpose of being a piece of discourse with specific goals from a pragmatic perspective. It tackles the use of the main types presented by Searle (1979), who classified commissive speech acts into six types: promise, vowe, refusal, pledge, commit, and offer. Results show that there are three types of illocutionary acts: promise, vowe, and offer. The study tries to answer the following question: (1) What are the main functions of commissive in Joe Biden’s selected victory speech on November 8, 2020? (2) How is commissive conveyed in Biden’s victory speech?
The study aims at classifying the functions of commissive in Biden’s victory speech. Analyzing how the commissive speech acts conveyed in Joe Biden’s victory speech The researcher chooses eight Extracts were selected from Biden’s victory speech. The findings show that the overall relative frequency for selected types of promises commissive speeches is (4), offer (2), and vowe (2). The results show that Biden relied more on utterance (promise) than other commissive speech acts since he committed to some future actions.
The Language of Football: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the FIFA World Cup 2022 Social Media Coverage
Authors: Ghaffori Ayhan A.
Published: June 2024

Sports events are global phenomena around the world. Football is the most common and effective language when it comes to sports. Each language has its own set of tools to achieve ends.  The year 2022 witnessed a distinguished sporting event on Arab lands in the area of the Middle East, the FIFA World Cup. It was the most prominent, important and widely debated event. Qatar hosted the World Championship. It is the first version of the World Cup to be held in a Muslim country in the Middle East, which made it surrounded by a lot of arguments over a number of issues since the announcement of Doha hosting the tournament in 2010. Though the World Cup was held before in controversial countries such as Russia, particularly, regarding its human rights record and stance on LGBT issues, however, no previous tournament has been as controversial as this one. Social media, newspapers and TV channels covered the event with different reactions from one side and contradictory ones from the other. This study uses critical discourse analysis to show how international media entities portrayed the FIFA World Cup version of 2022 hosted by Qatar. The main aim of the study is to understand how the specific characteristics of social, political, and religious issues impact the media discourse and influence the portrayal of the host country. The study also aims at clarifying the most common ideologies that the Western media has presented about the Middle East and the Arab Muslim world. To fulfill the above aims, the study hypothesizes that (i) Western media has presented Qatar World Cup 2022 as a negative version, and (ii) the negative ideologies about the Arab Muslims countries are employed rather directly in different ways. The data are collected from the YOUTUBE channel of BBC NEWS. The data are analyzed linguistically and ideologically within Van Dijk's (1995, 2011) approaches. The study concludes that: (i) the Arab Muslim world is presented as a place suppressing differences, restricting freedoms and gaging mouths in regard to human rights. (ii) the Arab Muslim world is presented as the other whose values and religious ideologies are de-emphasized throughout the negative representations and strategies used in the data under analysis . The politicization of social media to drop the tournament held in Qatar was among the priorities of the Western media to boycott the tournament.
General trends in the development of American historiography in line with the pragmatic turn
Authors: Egorov Denis Ivanovich
Published: June 2024

The pragmatic turn and the philosophy of pragmatism in versions X. Putnam and R. Bernstein are presented in the form of general epistemological attitudes of the most promising areas of historical thought in the United States. Under their methodological influence, everyday practices and the historical experience of rationalization of activities were at the center of research interests. Ideas about the relationship between macro and micro levels of historical reality have changed, determinism has been abandoned, new forms of historical description have appeared. The author's goal is to reveal the content of these concepts, to determine their role in specific research areas, as well as to try to characterize the specifics of the American version of the pragmatic turn. In the first part of the article, the analysis of the most significant trends for the development of historical science in the USA related to the correction of ideological ideas and cognitive principles of the philosophy of pragmatism is carried out. In the second part of the article, the key theses, concepts, conceptual and terminological apparatus of the works of leading experts on transnational, social, environmental, and legal history are correlated with the theoretical provisions of the pragmatic turn in social and humanitarian knowledge. A multidimensional review of the development of modern American historiography is presented. The ways of resolving previous scientific contradictions and constructing new variants of national identity, ways of updating the methodological arsenal and updating historical knowledge are described.
The study of the history of Tsaritsyn's defense in the framework of the publishing project "The History of the Civil War" in the 1930s.
Authors: Kleitman Aleksandr Leonidovich , Savka Olga Gennad'evna
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the history of studying the events of the defense of Tsaritsyn during the Civil War within the framework of the publishing project "IGV", implemented in the 1930s on the initiative and with the active participation of M. Gorky. Based on the documents of the editorial secretariat, which are currently stored in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, it was established that a team of three authors was responsible for writing the corresponding section of the multi-volume work: professional historians, students of M.N. Pokrovsky, G.E. Meerson and E.B. Genkina, and a direct participant in the events, one of the military leaders of the Red Army I.F. Tkachev's army. The work of each of the team members is characterized. It is shown what role participation in this project played in the biographies of the authors. The writing of the history of Tsaritsyn's defense is analyzed in the context of the political, cultural, and intellectual processes that determined the development of historical science during the establishment of the totalitarian system in the USSR. As the study showed, writing a work on the history of Tsaritsyn's defense in 1918, sustained in the spirit of the cult of personality, but possessing formal signs of scientific historical research, was an important task, the solution of which was followed by people who held senior party and government posts in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Two of the three authors who did not show Due to their diligence in this work (G.E. Meerson and I.F. Tkachev), they were arrested and shot. For G.E. Meerson, the failure to write the defense of Tsaritsyn could have been a decisive factor that determined his fate. E.B. Genkina, having managed to successfully complete this work, became a recognized authority in the community of Soviet historians.
Pilgrimage as a Phenomenon and Features of Russian Pilgrimage Activities in Palestine in the Second Half of the 19th – early 20th Centuries
Authors: Pashkovsky Petr Igorevich , Kryzhko Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Bliznyakov Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2024

The author considers the problem of the essence of the phenomenon of pilgrimage and its manifestations using the example of pilgrimage activities of the Russian Empire in Palestine in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of neorealism and the systems approach, the derivative of which was the use of historical-genetic, comparative and activity methods. It is shown that pilgrimage is defined as a journey to holy places and relics of sacred significance along a certain route for religious, health or other purposes. This activity includes four stages and is characterized by the presence of seven functions: spiritual-educational; educational; missionary; communication; uniting parishes; charitable; exchange of experience. The tradition of traveling to holy places has existed throughout human history. In the Christian era the inextricable connection of pilgrimage with religious experience became a special practice. It was revealed that the experience of Russian pilgrimage includes five stages. The third (Palestinian) stage is characterized by an increase in the Russian Empire's interest in the Middle East region. This necessitated the need to argue Russia’s intentions regarding the territories of the Ottoman Empire, contributing to the strengthening of the Russian spiritual presence in Palestine and the intensification of the pilgrimage movement in this direction, which from the second half of the 19th century consistently supported at the state and church levels. As a result, the Russian Spiritual Mission was founded, land plots were acquired and developed in the Holy Land, and infrastructure was created. State and church structures accompanying this activity were founded. Then the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society was created, which became the main organizer of the Russian spiritual presence, missionary and pilgrimage activities in the region during the period under review.
Organic and inorganic amendments enhance the growth and productivity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) by improving soil microbial biomass carbon
Authors:   Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Women University, 60000-Multan, Pakistan, Aziz Abida , Musharaf Arshia ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Women University, 60000-Multan, Pakistan, Hussain Mubshar ,   Institute of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800-Multan, Pakistan, Azhar Muhammad Farooq ,   Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800-Multan, Pakistan, Masood Sajid ,   Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 66800-Multan, Pakistan, Aon Muhammad ,   Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 66800-Multan, Pakistan, Rasheed Khalid ,   Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Old Shujaabad Road, 60000-Multan, Pakistan, Ali Ehsan ,   Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800-Multan, Pakistan, Mehboob Noman ,   Institute of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800-Multan, Pakistan
Published: June 2024

The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural tracts is a serious problem, contributing to soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) depletion. In this regard, the use of chemical fertilizers together with organic amendments is considered as a sustainable approach, which alters SMBC, thereby increasing nutrient availability in soil-plant ecosystems. The present study was thus conducted to examine the effects of various mixes of organic amendments both with and without chemical fertilizers (NPK) on SMBC and pea (Pisum sativum L.) growth. The following eight treatments were established: control, 100% farmyard manure (FYM), 100% compost, 50% compost + 50% FYM, 33% compost + 33% chemical fertilizers (NPK) + 33% FYM, 50% chemical fertilizers + 50% FYM, 50% compost + 50% NPK, and 100% NPK, each with three replications. Results showed that the combination of 33% compost + 33% NPK + 33% FYM (T5) had the most significant impact on plant height, number of leaves, and roots and shoots biomass. Furthermore, the combination of NPK, compost and FYM enhanced the soil organic matter and SMBC, contributing to the increased amounts of available NPK in the soil-plant systems. Based on the results, it has been concluded that 33% compost + 33% NPK, and 33% FYM improves pea productivity due to improved SMBC that contributed to increased nutrient uptake by plants. It has been suggested to the farmers that integrated nutrient management approaches must be adopted for maintaining SMBC and further sustainable crop production.
Calibration of soil and water assessment model for its potential impact on climate change
Authors:   Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan., Bilal Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad ,   Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan., Shahid Muhammad Adnan ,   Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan., Tahir Muhammad ,   Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.
Published: June 2024

The present study is to understand how climatic variables such as precipitation and temperature vary over time and how those changes affect stream flow in the Jhelum River basin in Pakistan under different emission scenarios A2 and B2. The simulation results of HadCM3 were employed to create potential climate change scenarios with the Statistically Downscale Model (SDSM). The calibrated model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to forecast imminent stream flow to develop a proposed future climate change scenario. Results indicated that cooling patterns were identified in the north portion of the study area whereas warming patterns were detected in the south portion. The projected mean annual maximum temperature (Tmax) of 2020’s 2050’s and 2080’s would be 0.3 oC, 0.8 oC, and 0.99 oC, respectively, under the A2 scenario. The changes in mean annual minimum temperature (Tmin) were also observed as it would be 0.4 oC, 0.7 oC, and 1.4 oC during 2020’s (2021-2040), 2050’s (2041-2070) and 2080’s (2071-2100), respectively. Similarly, it was observed that average annual rainfall would rise by 14%, 10%, and 20% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, in the Mangla basin. The results showed an increase in annual stream flows of 100% (1545 m3/sec), with increases in the winter and autumn seasons of up to 409% and 211%, respectively, and a drop in the spring and summer seasons of up to 29% and 25%, respectively, in the 2080’s compared to baseline. Water managers should consider the current trends and variability brought on by climate change to improve water management where water is scarce.
Control of sperm quality in the epididymis by disintegration and removal – A transmission electron microscopy study of abnormal sperm of aflatoxin-treated rat
Authors: Faisal Kunnathodi , Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

The mammalian epididymis is a dynamic organ endowed with diverse roles, including sperm quality control, which appears to occur during the epididymal processing and storage to prevent the misshapen spermatozoa from being present in the ejaculate in large numbers. This quality control mechanism is capable of identifying and removing dead/defective spermatozoa. In this respect, the role of a dense matrix arising from epididymal secretory aposomes/epididymosomes and associated disintegration/dissolution of dead/defective spermatozoa has been reported. This study was conceived to find if the mechanistic details of the disintegration of the parts of the spermatozoa along the length encompass the same or different patterns.

Material and Methods:

We used photomicrographs from the experimental rat model induced into defective/unviable spermatozoa by aflatoxin B1 treatment.

Results:

A meticulous screening of the matrix-embedded spermatozoa reflected different courses of disintegration of the major parts, namely, head, mid-piece, and flagellum. The disintegration of the head began with swelling of the acrosome and its lysis, followed by the gradual disintegration of the nucleus. In the mid-piece, the plasma membrane underwent disintegration first, and this was followed by disorganization and disintegration of the mitochondrial sheath and, subsequently, the outer dense fibers (ODFs). In the flagellum, neither the plasma membrane nor the fibrous sheath (FS) indicated any trace of disintegration initially. Rather, the FS and the plasma membrane were lifted off from the ODF-axoneme complex and, subsequently, with the FS remaining intact, the ODFs and the axonemal doublets on one side disintegrated, followed by disintegration of the remaining ODFs and the axonemal doublets.

Conclusion:

In the disintegration process, the spermatozoa’s head, mid-piece, and flagellum follow different courses, reflecting on the respective structural compositions.
THE STRUCTURE OF CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1921–1939)
Authors: Omelchak Tetiana
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the structure of craft production in the city of Rivne in the interwar period based on the Lutsk Chamber of Crafts. It was established that in the interwar period in Poland, a fairly thorough legislative framework was developed to regulate all spheres of craft and craft production. A fairly large number of craftsmen of various specialties worked in the city of Rivne. The complicated procedure for obtaining a craft card – the main condition for the legal practice of a craft – led to the fact that many craftsmen worked without permits. The development of craft production not only in Rivne but also in the entire Volyn Voivodeship was hindered by such factors as insufficient technical equipment in craft workshops, the manual method of production, an increase in the cost of labor, a low technical level of manufactured products, inefficient organization of the sale of goods, a change in the economic situation and limited support for the craft sector from the Polish authorities. The most common craft specialties in Rivne used cheap local raw materials. These are the specialties of the leather, metal, wood, textile, and service industry groups. Among them are carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, butchers, bakers, etc. Craft production in Rivne in 1921-1939 was mainly aimed at meeting the needs of the local population and, first of all, the rural. Because the solvency of the rural population was low, artisans received a small profit. The rather difficult situation of Rivne artisans and handicraft production was worsened by such unfavorable conditions as competition from the factory industry, stagnation of the construction movement, and an increase in the number of products produced by factories.
INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY OF BOHDAN BARVINSKYI: YEARS OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Authors: Myrosh Volodymyr
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research is to reconstruct the years of study of B. Barvinskyi at Lviv, Vienna and Berlin universities. The research methodology is based on the application of principles (objectivity, historicism, holism) and methods (generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, genetic, psychological and typological) of historiographic research. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the little-known problem of the formation of B. Barvinskyi as a historian during his studies at Lviv, Vienna and Berlin universities. The article has concluded that the professional environment of the Lviv, Vienna and Berlin universities had a significant influence on the intellectual development of B. Barvinskyi. A novice historian was delighted to study history in the "golden" age of European social humanities, when at the same time creators of many historiographical branches and directions – Ukrainian studies, Polonistics, theories and methodologies of history, etc. – worked in different academic centers. The lectures and seminars of O. Redlich, L. Finkel, T. Szymann, B. Dembinsky, E. Mühlbacher, A. Przybram, T. Wojciechowski, H. Bruner, O. Balzer, K. Studinsky, O. Kolessa and many others prominent humanitarians formed the scientific worldview and research tools of the young scientist. However, the most significant for him was the long-term professional communication with M. Hrushevsky, which determined the scientific specialization of B. Barvinskyi in the field of Eastern European medieval studies. After all, persistent self-education had a significant impact on the professional formation of a historian. All this ultimately enabled the young scientist to implement ambitious creative plans and in a short time become one of the prominent representatives of not only Galician, but also all-Ukrainian historiography of the first half of the 20th century.
Rehabilitation Following ACL Repair with Internal Brace Ligament Augmentation in Female Gymnast: A Resident’s Case Report
Authors: Haack Colten , Zeppieri Giorgio , Moser Micheal W
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries continue to be a major source of morbidity in gymnastics. The gold standard is to perform an ACL Reconstruction (ACLR). However, injuries to the proximal femoral attachment of the ACL have demonstrated an ability to regenerate. An alternative surgical intervention to the ACLR in this ACL tear subgroup is an ACL repair. The purpose of this case report is to provide a rehabilitation progression for a female gymnast after an ACL repair with Internal Brace Ligament Augmentation (IBLA).

Case Description

The subject was a 16-year-old female who presented with a Sherman Type 1 proximal avulsion of her ACL. She underwent an ACL repair with IBLA. Physical therapy interventions followed a sequential and multi-phased approach based on time for tissue physiologic healing and individual progression. Patient reported outcomes including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) and the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) were assessed in conjunction with isokinetic strength and hop performance testing to determine return to sport readiness.

Outcomes

The subject completed 42 sessions over the course of 26 weeks in addition to a home exercise program. At return to sport, clinically meaningful improvement was observed in patient reported outcomes including the IKDC, ACL-RSI, and OSPRO-YF. Additionally, strength and hop performance surpassed established thresholds of clinical significance. The subject returned to sport at six months post-operatively.

Conclusion

The subject in this case report returned to full participation in gymnastics six months after an ACL repair with internal bracing following a sequential and multi-phased rehabilitation. The primary ACL repair with IBLA appeared beneficial to this patient and could benefit from additional study in other athletes and athletic populations.

Level of Evidence

Level 5
Gestión educativa de frente a la globalización: reto ante la transformación digital
Authors: Orellana Guevara Catty
Published: June 2024

Este ensayo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la gestión educativa de frente a la globalización, con el fin de concientizar en la necesidad de enfrentar los desafíos que representa y, a su vez, aprovechar las oportunidades que trae consigo. Lo anterior obliga a replantear las estrategias de planificación y gestión educativa en correspondencia con los avances tecnológicos, en especial en países con poco acceso a la tecnología y a la conectividad, que corren el riesgo de quedar en desventaja en un mundo interconectado. Se concluye que, ante el incremento de la digitalización, el centro educativo está forzado a reinventarse y asumir el reto de comprender e implementar sistemas y redes de información para avanzar hacia la universalización pues, es el medio para la transformación de la educación y su integración dentro de la sociedad del conocimiento
Behavioral Finance Factors Influence on Investment Decision Making of Individual Investors in PSX and PMEX
Authors: Khan Azam Anwar , Waqas Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This paper explored how investors in PSX and PMEX make investment decisions that either contribute to the success of PSX and PMEX or seem irrational to them because of the same behavioral factors.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan. This research will select Stock Broker's Individual Investors in PSX and PMEX to be the unit of analysis for the research of heuristic components.
Findings: The analysis of this qualitative research explored that investor in this study use behavioral factors to make their investment decision making, but not have negative experiences using these heuristics. However, their experiences suggest that investors tend to rely on past information from companies which shows that representative heuristic effect investors decision making as well as availability heuristic in investment decision making make investors to take decision irrationally by listening to rumors and tips from broker, friends and family.
Implications/Originality/Value: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan