bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vidas tangentes
Authors: Pereira Amanda Villa
Published: April 2023

Há mais de cinco séculos, os contínuos empreendimentos de dominação colonial do território brasileiro e da extração de seus recursos são responsáveis pelo contato e também pelo isolamento voluntário dos povos indígenas nestas terras. Enquanto alguns foram violentamente “atraídos” e “pacificados”, outros evitaram e evitam como puderam e podem qualquer tipo de relação com comunidades exógenas. Ilhados em rincões que ainda lhes permitem certa autonomia, aqueles grupos que optam pelo isolamento são muitas vezes, como no caso de que trato, protegidos pelas barreiras tangenciais, intencionais ou não, proporcionadas por seus vizinhos indígenas e pelas Frentes de Proteção Etnoambiental da Fundação Nacional do Índio. As fotografias contidas neste ensaio foram realizadas a partir de uma incursão de trabalho de campo no estado de Rondônia, entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2016. Com elas, pretendo descrever em imagens algumas das (não)relações que favorecem a existência de um povo do qual sequer se conhece a língua.
Das vertigens da antropologia
Authors: Sacramento Jonatan
Published: April 2023

Representação. Essa é, com certeza, uma das palavras-chave do debate antropológico a partir dos anos 1980, marcado por uma virada ontológica no interior das ciências humanas e da filosofia, e que se refletiu à época, na antropologia, em sua melhor forma, talvez, na publicação de Writing Culture, de 1986. Os questionamentos postos à época e que ecoam até o momento, diziam respeito à capacidade e legitimidade que a etnografia teria para representar o outro e, ao mesmo tempo, se tal tarefa seria desejada e/ou mesmo possível.
O trançado das casas
Authors: Santos Bruna Keese dos
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta um levantamento de manifestações gráficas guarani mbya aplicadas a construções em aldeias da cidade de São Paulo. Procura-se identificar de que maneira os padrões tradicionalmente utilizados na produção da cestaria (ajaka) são trans-postos para outros suportes, evidenciando sua relevância na produção de diferenciação em meio ao diálogo das aldeias com o seu entorno e dos Guarani com o mundo não-indígena. O levantamento, realizado em quatro aldeias do município, buscou elencar aspectos processuais e formais de tais manifestações, revelando como a linguagem visual em-pregada tradicionalmente no artesanato passa por processos que reiteram o uso de variações composicionais e as relações entre os elementos plásticos e gráficos.
THE EFFECT OF TOP EXECUTIVES' EXPERTISE AND BUSYNESS ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY, REAL ESTATE, WHOLESALE, AND RETAIL TRADE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmawati Isna Putri
Published: April 2023

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of top executives' characteristics toward earnings management in the sub-sector of property, real estate, wholesale, and retail trade companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2019. The top executives' characteristics are proxied by their expertise and busyness measured by accounting and financial formal educational background the as well as interlocking directorship. The absolute value of discretionary accruals was used to measure the earnings management. Meanwhile, 220 observations were obtained through a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that top executive expertise is negatively related to earnings management. The control variables, company size, and family ownership negatively affected earnings management; however, audit quality has no significant relationship.
THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH ACCOUNTING ETHICS STANDARDS ISSUED BY AAOIFI IN ACTIVATING THE GOVERNANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Kouzo Ibrahim , Falikhatun
Published: April 2023

Purpose – This study aims to highlight the importance of complying with the ethical standards issued by (AAOIFI) in activating the governance of Islamic banks and financial institutions.
Design/methodology/approach – The descriptive analytical approach was used in the study of ethical standards and governance issued by (AAOIFI) with a review of empirical and descriptive studies related to this subject to derive the importance of compliance with these standards in the governance of Islamic financial institutions, which differ in their philosophy from other conventional institutions.
Findings – The study concluded that ethical standards have a significant and essential impact on activating Islamic governance in Islamic financial institutions as one of the foundations of Islamic law from which they derive the reason for their existence and public confidence in them.
Originality/value – This study fills in the gaps related to the study of the direct and mutual relationship between ethics and governance in Islamic financial institutions and opens the door to more comprehensive studies on this subject.
IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF SSCA KIDYM DYNAMICS PROGRAM MODULE BY USING AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED DLL-PROCEDURE AND BY OTHER MEANS
Authors: Andrieiev Yuriy
Published: April 2023

The paper presents the results of research on the significant increase in the speed of solving the problems of the dynamics of discrete mechanical systems of an arbitrary form with arbitrary links by a special system of computer algebra (SSCA) KiDyM. In particular, an algorithm for determining the parameters of the additional rotation of the central coordinate systems (CS) of solid bodies in the presence of a non-diagonal inertia tensor to transform them into the main central SCs, in which Euler's equations have the simplest form, is implemented. The main central moments of inertia of the body are determined. A simpler description of SC transformations of robot links with open kinematic chains is proposed. It consists in a separate description of the positions of the SC of the links and the positions of the center of mass and the central SC in relation to the SC of the link. This approach leads to localized description of the kinematics of the mechanism and complete information about the inertial parameters of the link, such as mass, inertia tensor, position of the central SC. The possibility of errors in model descriptions is thereby reduced. On the example of the model of the lower limbs of an human like robot, the gain in the number of machine operations of this description is shown. The use of the software-generated DLL procedure for saving the mathematical model of the system is analyzed in detail. If necessary, it is loaded from an external medium (disk) into the computer's memory during numerical integration. For this purpose, a special procedure has been created in SSCA KiDyM, which transforms the internal representation of analytical expressions of the computer algebra system into program code in C++, calls the appropriate compiler, which creates and saves the DLL-procedure on the disk. In the numerical integration block, the system can load it and calculate the right-hand sides of the Cauchy form of the dynamic equations by the Runge-Kutta procedure. The time gain of this integration method compared to direct calculations of formula trees in PC memory for various tasks is shown. The time gain increases with the increase in the complexity of the mechanical system. A criterion for automatically switching such an algorithm depending on the amount of C++ code in the DLL procedure is proposed.
INTERNAL TIME OF A MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Authors: Bеlovol Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

One of the most urgent unsolved problems of modern science is the extension of the second law of thermodynamics to conservative mechanical systems that are in a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. How does the collective motion of the material points of the system, each of which is described by time-reversible equations, become irreversible? Thus, the increase in entropy of an ideal gas in a state close to equilibrium indicates the irreversible nature of the evolution of a conservative mechanical system, which is definitely an ideal gas. That is, entropy acts as internal time and sets the direction to the future or the "arrow of time". The paper deals with obtaining a characteristic of a conservative mechanical system that would have the properties of entropy. The goal is to extend the second law of thermodynamics to conservative mechanical systems that are in a state far from equilibrium. Analytical methods were used to analyze the differential equations of motion of a phase liquid particle as an image of a mechanical system in a multidimensional space. The evolution of the distribution of the probability of a particle of a phase fluid staying on a hypersurface of equal energy is considered. For a conservative mechanical system, a value is introduced whose properties allow us to apply the term "internal time" to it. Its growth determines the difference between future events and past events, which is an inherent property of subjective time. When approaching the state of equilibrium, internal time slows down, and physical time, accordingly, accelerates relative to internal time. Internal time is as universal as physical time, in the sense that it is determined for each system by a universal formula. The proposed approach made it possible to solve the fundamental problem of replacing the averaging of the probability density in the phase space by averaging in time along the trajectory of the point in the phase space. We used the fact that the equation of motion of a conservative system can be obtained as the equation of motion of a particle of a phase liquid, using the law of conservation of matter. The equations of motion of a particle were transferred to the motion of a point. In contrast, when using the traditional approach, the equation of motion of a point in phase space was taken as the basic law of nature. An understanding of internal time allows us understand the emergence of dissipative structures in the future.
Analisis Dampak Indonesia Japan Economic Partnership Agreement terhadap Price-Cost Margins Industri Manufaktur Indonesia
Authors:   Pusat Kebijakan Kerjasama Perdagangan Internasional, Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia, Budiarti Fitri Tri , Hastiadi Fithra Faisal ,   Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia
Published: April 2023

Indonesia Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) merupakan perjanjian kerja sama ekonomi bilateral yang pertama untuk Indonesia. IJEPA diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kompetisi industri manufaktur karena disepakatinya fasilitas khusus untuk peningkatan kapasitas dan daya saing industri manufaktur, yaitu USDFS dan MIDEC. Setelah IJEPA, Price-cost Margins (PCM) Indonesia berfluktuasi. PCM digunakan sebagai indikator persaingan, dikarenakan berhubungan dengan keuntungan rata-rata di sebuah industri. Studi ini menggunakan data panel industri besar dan sedang periode 2004-2012. Dari studi ini disimpulkan bahwa IJEPA mampu menurunkan PCM industri manufaktur Indonesia dengan efisiensi faktor input produksi, penurunan biaya bahan baku industri, dan pencapaian skala ekonomi pada industri tertentu.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU SELF-CONTROL KARYAWAN DENGAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK FAST FASHION
Authors: Nisa Syahidah Izzatun , Muchamad Noerharyono2 Muchamad x , Suryawati Suryawati
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan perilaku self-control karyawan dengan keputusan pembelian produk fast fashion. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 100 responden dengan teknik sampling purposive dengan kuesioner disebarkan secara online. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa data kategorisasi pada variabel perilaku self-control karyawan memiliki self-control tinggi (87%); pada variabel keputusan pembelian menunjukkan bahwa karyawan memiliki keputusan pembelian produk fast fashion yang baik (100%) dengan kategori buruk tidak ada; dan setelah dilakukan uji Korelasi Pearson didapatkan hasil data nilai korelasi koefisien sebesar 0,274 > 0,05 (H0 diterima dan H1 ditolak). Pada hasil Korelasi Pearson tersebut ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan perilaku self- control karyawan dengan keputusan pembelian produk fast fashion. Tingkat hubungan penelitian ini sangat rendah karena koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,110.
PEMBUATAN PELINDUNG GADGET BERBAHAN PERCA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS YANG BERNILAI EKONOMIS
Authors: Mahanani Chytra , Adam Jerusalem Moh. , Nurul Himmah Laila , Sepsilia Elvera Resi
Published: April 2023

Pada era pandemi corona virus saat ini, masyarakat dituntut untuk mengurangi aktivitas di luar rumah yang mempengaruhi perekonomian. Salah satu upaya mempersiapkan pemulihan kondisi perekonomian dengan memberikan pelatihan keterampilan dan pengetahuan mengenai industri kreatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai modal untuk menambah pendapatan. Lingkungan sekitar Panti asuhan banyak sumber daya yang bisa diangkat untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk industri kreatif salah satunya adalah adanya limbah kain perca hasil dari industri kecil konveksi yang ada di Yogyakarta. Kreativitas dan inovasi remaja panti asuhan Al-Muthi’in ini perlu dikembangkan agar bisa menangkap peluang yang ada. Tujuan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas kerajinan tangan bernilai ekonomis, wawasan jiwa kewirausahaan bagi remaja Panti Asuhan Al-Muthi’in sehingga dapat layak jual, dan membuka peluang Home Industry bagi remaja Panti Asuhan Al-Muthi’in sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Sasaran kegiatan ini yaitu remaja Panti Asuhan Al- Muthiin di desa Maguwo, Wonocatur Banguntapan Bantul. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, pelatihan dan praktik. Berdasarkan hasil dari pembuatan produk pelindung gedget berbahan perca dapat diketahui bahwa peserta memahami dan antusian dalam pembuatan produk tersebut terlihat dari produk pelindung gedget yang dihasilkan oleh para peserta. Melalui pelatihan ini para remaja panti memiliki keterampilan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia yang dapat dijadikan bekal membuka usaha sekaligus menciptakan lapangan kerja.
Nonsurgical Interventional Spine Pain Procedures
Authors: Whitaker Colin D. , Stone Benjamin K. , Gregorczyk Jerzy A. , Alsoof Daniel , Hardacker Kyle , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan , Basques Bryce
Published: April 2023

» Nonsurgical interventional spine pain procedures provide an additional treatment option for lower back pain at the traditional bifurcation of conversative vs. operative management.

» Transforaminal epidural steroid injections, radiofrequency ablations, intrathecal drug delivery, and spinal cord stimulation were found to be effective and safe techniques when applied to their specific indication.

» Thermal annuloplasty and minimally invasive lumbar decompression showed mixed support.

» Discography, sacroiliac joint injections, and spinous process spacers lacked sufficient evidence to support efficacy.

» Medial branch blocks and facet joint injections were found to be useful diagnostic tools.
Los medios de comunicación y el terrorismo yihadista: análisis terminológico aplicado a la traducción (DE-ES)
Authors: Montes Sánchez Alba
Published: April 2023

El terrorismo se contempla como un factor complejo que se ha abordado desde numerosos ámbitos de estudio, destacando trabajos sobre el concepto de terrorismo global y yihadismo. No obstante, los trabajos relacionados con la terminología, la traducción o la lingüística aplicada son escasos en esta área. Asimismo, el léxico empleado por los medios de comunicación al abordar contenido relacionado con el terrorismo ha suscitado un gran interés en las investigaciones que hemos desarrollado recientemente. El presente estudio aborda el léxico y la terminología del ámbito del terrorismo desde un enfoque traductológico. Para ello, partimos de un breve análisis sobre el tratamiento que hacen los medios de comunicación de este léxico. En esta comunicación se pretende analizar y resolver las cuestiones lingüísticas que se originan en alemán y español desde una perspectiva traductológica, con el objetivo fundamental de evidenciar el volumen de términos, abreviaturas, siglas y acrónimos que emplea la prensa alemana y española en este campo de especialidad.

 

Terrorism is considered a complex factor that has been approached from numerous fields of study, specially works on the concept of global terrorism and jihadism. However, researches related to terminology, translation or applied linguistics are scarce in this area. Also, the lexicon used by the media when dealing with terrorism-related content has aroused great interest in the research we have recently developed. This research addresses the lexicon and terminology of the field of terrorism from a translational approach. To do this, first, it is presented a brief analysis about the treatment of this lexicon by the media. This study aims to analyze and solve the rising linguistic questions in German and Spanish from a translation perspective, with the main objective of evincing the volume of terms, abbreviations and acronyms used by the German and Spanish press in this field of expertise
Live-fire validation of command-detonation residues testing using an 81 mm IMX-104 munition
Authors: Beal Samuel , Bigl Matthew , Ramsey Charles
Published: April 2023

Postdetonation energetic residues can have environmental impacts that present a risk to military training-range sustainment. As munitions with new explosive formulations are developed and fielded, quantitative methods for assessing their residues are needed. Command detonation (i.e., static firing) allows residue testing to occur early in the acquisition process; however, its representation of live-fire residue production is uncertain due to differences in the initiation mechanism and cartridge orientation. This study aims to validate residue testing by command detonation through statistical comparison of residue deposition rates between live fire and command detonation. Live-fire residues were collected from fourteen 81 mm IMX-104 mortar cartridges fired onto snow, and deposition rates were compared with previous command-detonation tests of the same munition. Average live-fire deposition rates were 8000 mg NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), 60 mg DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), 20 mg RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine), and 2 mg HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) per cartridge. Compared to command detonation, live fire of the study munition produced significantly greater residues of NTO (p < 0.0001) and RDX (p = 0.01) but not DNAN (p = 0.067). Although absolute deposition rates of some IMX-104 compounds differed, command detonation was successful at predicting the order of magnitude of each IMX-104 compound for the studied 81 mm munition.
Oral challenge vs routine care to assess low-risk penicillin allergy in critically ill hospital patients (ORACLE): a pilot safety and feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rose Morgan , Holmes Natasha , Eastwood Glenn , Vogrin Sara , James Fiona , Phung Michelle , Barnes Sara , Murfin Brendan , Rogers Ben , Lambros Belinda , Peel Trisha , Gibney Grace , Slavin Monica , Trubiano Jason
Published: April 2023

Background: Self-reported penicillin allergies are highly prevalent in hospitalised patients and are associated with poor health and health service outcomes. Critically ill patients have historically been underrepresented in prospective delabelling studies in part due to concerns around clinical stability and reliability of penicillin skin testing. Allergy assessment tools exist to identify low-risk penicillin allergy phenotypes and facilitate direct oral challenge delabelling. PEN-FAST is a clinical decision rule that has been validated to predict true penicillin allergy in a cohort of non-critically ill patients. There is however limited evidence regarding the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of direct oral challenges and the use of delabelling clinical decisions rules in the intensive care setting.
Methods: Critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with low-risk penicillin allergy phenotypes (PEN-FAST score < 3) will be randomised 1:1 to direct oral penicillin challenge (single dose 250mg oral amoxicillin or implicated penicillin) or routine care, followed by a 2-hour observation period. Patients will receive a second oral challenge/observation prior to hospital discharge (with subsequent observation for 2 hours). An assessment for antibiotic-associated adverse events will also be undertaken at 24 hours and 5 days post each challenge/observation and again at 90 days post-randomisation. The primary outcome measures are feasibility (proportion of eligible patients recruited and protocol compliance) and safety (proportion of patients who experience an antibiotic-associated immune mediated adverse event or serious adverse event).
Discussion: We will report the feasibility and safety of point-of-care penicillin direct oral challenge in this first randomised controlled trial of low-risk penicillin allergy in critically ill hospitalised patients. Upon completion of the project, important findings will inform the design of planned large prospective multi-centre clinical trials in Australian and international ICUs, further examining safety and efficacy and exploring antimicrobial prescribing-related outcomes following penicillin oral challenge.
Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
Registration Number: ACTRN12621000051842
Date Registered: 20/01/2021
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379735&isReview=true
Version
V 7 09/DEC/2021
Chloroplast Small Heat Shock Protein CsHSP24.6 of Tea Plants Positively Regulates Heat, Light, and Salt Stress Tolerance
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Ma Jing , Han Xueying , Zhu Mengqing , Luo Yuanyuan , Chen Yifan , Fu Zhouping , Ma Guoliang , Gao Liping , Xia Tao
Published: April 2023

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones, which play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, the function of the sHSP gene in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) has not been extensively investigated. In total, 54 C. Sinensis small heat shock proteins (CssHSPs) in the tea plant genome were screened. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CssHSPs in the same group have similar conserved domains and motifs; conversely, significant structural differences exist in the different groups. Most CssHSP genes had tissue-specific expression. They also responded to one or more abiotic or biotic stresses, CsHSP24.6 was selected for functional analysis. The results demonstrated that the expression of CsHSP24.6 increased under abiotic stresses such as temperature, light intensity, and NaCl. In addition, under high temperature and high light intensity treatments, CsHSP24.6 and its target gene CspTAC5 interacted to enhance the heat and light resistances of the plant. CsHSP24.6 facilitates resistance to abiotic stresses in tea plants. These results further support that CsHSP24.6 plays an essential role in maintaining plant growth and development under abiotic stress.
Influence of phylogenetic diversity of plant communities on plant-herbivore-natural enemies interactions
Authors: Alavez Verónica , Santos-Gally Rocio , Gutiérrez-Aguilar Manuel , del-Val Ek , Boege Karina
Published: April 2023

Phylogenetic diversity of plant communities can influence the interaction between plants, herbivores and their natural enemies. Plant communities with phylogenetically distant species tend to present a wide variety of functional traits and ecological niches, which in turn can influence competitive interactions among plants as well as food and habitat quality for herbivores and their natural enemies. To assess the different mechanisms by which phylogenetic diversity of plant communities may influence herbivores and their natural enemies, we established 12 experimental plots of tropical trees with two treatments: high and low phylogenetic diversity. We measured plant growth, and anti-herbivore defenses, herbivore foliar damage, and predator activity in seven species that were present in both treatments. We found significant differences in the expression of plant traits as a function of species identity and their life history, but also depending on the phylogenetic context in which they grew. Pioneer species had higher growth and greater phenolic levels in plots with high phylogenetic diversity, versus plants in plots with low phylogenetic diversity. Herbivore damage was higher in plots with low phylogenetic diversity, where pioneer plants produced less defenses. Finally, predator activity on clay models was greater in plants within the low phylogenetic diversity treatment, but only for non-myrmecophytic species. These results suggest that plant phylogenetic diversity can influence species resource allocation for growth and defenses, and further modify the interaction between plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies. Moreover, such effects likely depend on plant life history and the presence of mutualistic interaction with ants.
Targeting antimalarial metabolites from the actinomycetes associated with the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella using a metabolomic method
Authors: Gamaleldin Noha M. , Bahr Hebatallah S. , Millán-Aguiñaga Natalie , Danesh Mahshid , Othman Eman M. , Dandekar Thomas , Hassan Hossam M. , Ramadan Usama
Published: April 2023

Malaria is a persistent illness that is still a public health issue. On the other hand, marine organisms are considered a rich source of anti‑infective drugs and other medically significant compounds. Herein, we reported the isolation of the actinomycete associated with the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella. Using "one strain many compounds" (OSMAC) approach, a suitable strain was identified and then sub-cultured in three different media (M1, ISP2 and OLIGO). The extracts were evaluated for their in-vitroantimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain and subsequently analyzed by Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS). In addition, MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used to statistically analyze the LC-MS data. Finally, Molecular docking was carried out for the dereplicated metabolites against lysyl-tRNA synthetase (PfKRS1). The phylogenetic study of the 16S rRNA sequence of the actinomycete isolate revealed its affiliation to Streptomycesgenus. Antimalarial screening revealed that ISP2 media is the most active against Plasmodium falciparum strain. Based on LC-HRMS-based metabolomics and multivariate analyses, ISP2-S and M1-S are the optimal media for metabolites production. OPLS-DA suggested that quinone derivatives are abundant in the extracts with the highest antimalarial activity. Fifteen important compounds were identified where 8 of these metabolites were correlated to the observed antimalarial activity of the active extracts. According to molecular docking experiments, saframycin Y3 and juglomycin E showed the greatest binding energy scores (-6.2 and -5.13) to lysyl-tRNA synthetase (PfKRS1), respectively. Using metabolomics and molecular docking investigation, the quinones, saframycin Y3 (5) and juglomycin E (1) were identified as promising antimalarial therapeutic candidates. Our approach can be used as a first evaluation stage in natural product drug development, facilitating the separation of chosen metabolites, particularly biologically active ones.
Gsk3β deficiency in macrophages alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagic autophagy α β γ
Authors: zhang zihao , Li Jinyang , Kong Xiangyi , Sun Xiaohu , Deng Zhenhua , Tang Weiwei , Zhou Haoming , Ni Ming , Xia Yongxiang
Published: April 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic inflammation of liver cells
Based on hepatocyte steteaosis. Its process and pathogenesis are extremely complex,
Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation cause excessive production
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the reasons for the transition from NAFLD
To NASH and severe liver damage. Pink1-mediated mitophagy is selective
Mechanisms that control the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
Species (ROS) by degrading damaged mitochondria. However, contribute
Pink1-mediated mitophagy in NAFLD and its regulatory mechanism are incomplete
Understand. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β is an evolutionarily conserved one
Serine/threonine kinase. Our study shows that p-GSK3β (Ser9) is expressed
Elevated in liver macrophages in NASH patients and diet-induced NASH mice. at
In addition, bone marrow Gsk3β deficiency and Gsk3β inhibitor (SB216763) therapy may be used
Effectively slow the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In functional research,
In the body and in vitro high-fat environment, bone marrow Gsk3β deficiency promotes
PINK1 is expressed on mitochondria and activates parkin by phosphorylation
Ubiquitin protein, which further promotes the occurrence of mitochondrial autophagy and thus decreases
ROS production and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. at
Conclusion, our data confirm the presence of Gsk3β
NASH is developed by regulating Pink1-mediated mitophagy.
Inhibition of Gsk3β may be an effective therapeutic target for NASH.
On the fast track: The benefits of ESG performance on the commercial credit financing
Authors: Huang Yujie , Bai Fuping , Shang Mengting , Ahmad Mahmood
Published: April 2023

Under the strategy of sustainability, whether a company can increase its financing capacity by improving environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is vital to promoting its high-quality development. Based on China's A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2021, this study empirically examines the impact of corporate ESG performance on commercial credit financing (CCF). Following the research results, a company with better ESG performance is more likely to get CCF support from suppliers. Further analysis of the impact mechanisms shows that ESG performance can effectively reduce environmental, social, and governance risks by promoting green innovation, improving social reputation, and reducing operational risks, thereby improving the CCF of enterprises. Our work expands and enriches the theory of informal financing of enterprises, integrated with the more comprehensive assessment criteria for sustainable development.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Community Human Settlement Resilience and Spatial Characteristics Based on the Supply-demand Mismatch between Health Activities and Environment: A Case Study of Downtown Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhong Qikang , Chen Yue
Published: April 2023

Introduction Under the trends toward globalisation, human settlement has increasingly become a key risk factor influencing human life. The equal relationship between human beings and the environment is an important support to improve the resilience of human settlement environment, and the resilience of community human settlement environment is an important determinant to cope with the pressure of globalisation. Thus, focusing on the principal contradictions of community development under the pressure of globalisation, this study explores the connotation of community resilience oriented towards the supply-demand mismatch between community residents' health activities and environment, constructs an organically integrated theoretical framework and evaluation indicator system.
Methods This study takes downtown Shanghai as an example, relying on 2018 land use data, Dorray Sport APP data, geospatial data and urban statistics as data sources, adopting the AHP-entropy weight method and the square grid method; a comprehensive community human settlement resilience index (CRI) model based on the DPSIR model is built to quantitatively analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of community human settlement resilience (CR), and the coupling relation between driving factors and human settlement resilience is quantitatively analysed by using tools such as the geographical detector and Origin software.
Results i) the scores of CR showed a "slide-shaped" fluctuation difference situation; ii) the spatial pattern of CR showed a "pole-core agglomeration and radiation" type and a "ring-like agglomeration and radiation" type. iii) Distance to bus stops, average annual temperature, CO2 emissions, building density and number of jogging trajectories are the dominant factors affecting the resilience level of community human settlement.
Conclusion From the perspective of the supply-demand mismatch between health activities and environment, this paper attempts to offer a general reference for the compilation of similar human settlement evaluation systems in various countries, by sorting out the international experience in the compilation, analysis and calibration of relevant human settlement factor tables, putting forward a new approach for the study of healthy human settlement in communities, which provides references for the constellation of assessments of building healthy community and healthy city all over the world.
Survival of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria In Ice Cream During Storage: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nascimento Manuella Oliveira , Santos Carla Vitória de Fátima Pereira , Rodrigues Viviane Belini , de Alencar Ernandes Rodrigues , Leandro Eliana dos Santos
Published: April 2023

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the results of studies that investigated the survival of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in ice cream, in order to determine the factors that enhance survival during storage. The most expressive factors in enhancing the survival of probiotic strains in ice cream were: (i) microencapsulation of LAB, (ii) addition of prebiotics, (iii) fruit and its derivatives, (iv) vegetable extracts, (v) flours, (vi) use of fat substitute for inulin, and (vii) and adaptation of LAB to cold or heat. The factors that have been shown to reduce the viability of probiotic strains were: (i) substitution of sugar for sweeteners and (ii) storage time. Still contradictory results were found regarding the addition of whey and vitamins and minerals, replacement of cow's milk by other ingredients, change in the amount of fat alone and together with sugar, the influence of the LAB species/subspecies and different methods ice cream manufacturing. Finally, different ice cream packaging materials had no significant effect on survival.
Stable Two Dimensional Na Decorated BeN4: A Potential Candidate for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Hussain Shakaib , Abdul Jalil , ilyas syed zafar , Kanwal Arooba , Ahmed Sarfraz , Hassan Ather
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen, being a powerful energy carrier, possesses the ability to transform the present carbon economy to green hydrogen economy. Since wide range of resources are available for its production, reversible hydrogen storage is the prevalent challenge. Surface activation by adsorption has been reported to increase the hydrogen uptake, thus boosting the storage capacity. In this work, Sodium (Na) decorated Beryllonitrene (BeN4) monolayer has been identified as a hydrogen storage material using first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that Na decorated BeN4 has ability to adsorb upto 12 H2 molecules, leading to high gravimetric density of 4.26 wt%. The adsorption energy per H2 (adsorbate) is moderate i.e., between 0.13 and 0.298 eV, good enough for hydrogen storage in practical applications. AIMD simulations disclose that adsorbate experiences no kinetic hinderance in desorption. Moreover, the desorption temperature of H2 molecule on NaBeN4 monolayer (substrate) varies from 162.5 to 382 K, confirming the reversibility of substrate and thus ensuring its potential for hydrogen storage medium. The short recovery time predicts that the substrate responds rapidly in presence of H2 molecules, which guarantees the fast kinetics of adsorbate. Our calculations predict Na-decorated BeN4 monolayer as an excellent candidate for reversible and high-capacity hydrogen storage material.
Scaling models of visual working memory to natural images
Authors: Bates Christopher , Alvarez George , Gershman Samuel
Published: April 2023

Over the last few decades, psychologists have developed precise quantitative models of human recall performance in visual working memory (VWM) tasks. However, these models are tailored to a particular class of artificial stimulus displays and simple feature reports from participants (e.g., the color or orientation of a simple object). Our work has two aims. The first is to build models that explain people’s memory errors in continuous report tasks with natural images. Here, we use image generation algorithms to generate continuously varying response alternatives that differ from the stimulus image in natural and complex ways, in order to capture the richness of people’s stored representations. The second aim is to determine whether models that do a good job of explaining memory errors with natural images also explain errors in the more heavily studied domain of artificial displays with simple items. We find that: (i) features taken from state-of-the-art deep encoders explain coarse-grained and some fine-grained aspects of trial-by-trial difficulty in natural images, while several reasonable baselines do not; and (ii) deep visual encoders could reproduce set-size effects but overall offered a poorer explanation of human data in the artificial domain. Together, our results suggest that people may rely on distinct cognitive systems or brain areas in artificial versus natural task domains. Moving forward, our approach offers a scalable way to build a more generalized understanding of VWM representations by combining recent advances in both AI and cognitive modeling.
Can lifestyle factors explain racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality among US adults?
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Kilian Carolin , Zhu Yachen , Mulia Nina , Buckley Charlotte , Lasserre Aurélie M. , Rehm Jürgen , Probst Charlotte
Published: April 2023

Background: Racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality exist, and individual-level lifestyle factors have been proposed to contribute to these inequalities. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which the association between race and ethnicity and all-cause mortality can be explained by differences in the exposure and vulnerability to harmful effects of different lifestyle factors.
Methods: The 1997-2014 cross-sectional, annual US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to the 2015 National Death Index was used. NHIS reported on race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latinx), lifestyle factors (alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, physical inactivity), and covariates (sex, age, education, marital status, survey year). Causal mediation using an additive hazard and marginal structural approach was used.
Results: 465,073 adults (18-85 years) were followed 8.9 years (SD:5.3); 49,804 deaths were observed. Relative to White adults, Black adults experienced 21.7 (men; 95%CI: 19.9, 23.5) and 11.5 (women; 95%CI: 10.1, 12.9) additionaldeaths per 10,000 person-years whereas Hispanic/Latinx women experienced 9.3 (95%CI: 8.1, 10.5) fewer deaths per 10,000 person-years; no statistically significant differences were identified between White and Hispanic/Latinx men. Notably, these differences in mortality were partially explained by both differential exposure and differential vulnerability to these lifestyle factors among Black women, while different effects of individual lifestyle factors canceled each other out among Black men and Hispanic/Latinx women.
Conclusions: Lifestyle factors provide some explanation for racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality. Greater attention to structural, life course, healthcare, and other factors is needed to understand determinants of inequalities in mortality and advance health equity.
Multi-omics characterization of cellular state diversity and bidirectional tumor-stroma/immune interactions in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Chaoyang , Fan Junpeng , Lu Funian , Peng Wenju , Qin Tianyu , Zhuang Xucui , Li Yinuo , Hou Xin , Fang Zixuan , Yang Yunyi , Guo Ensong , Yang Bin , Li Xi , Fu Yu , Kang Xiaoyan , Wu Zimeng , Mills Gordon , Ma Xiangyi , Li Kezhen , Wu Peng , Ma Ding , Chen Gang
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with low response rates to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here we conducted a multidimensional analysis encompassing single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and spatial proteomics, combined with genetic and pharmacological perturbations to systematically develop a high-resolution and spatially-resolved map of intra-tumoral expression heterogeneity in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Three context-specific tumor states (Epithelial-cytokeratin (Epi-Krt), epithelial-immune (Epi-imm) and epithelial senescence (Epi-Sen)) that recapitulate squamous differentiation substantially alter the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Bidirectional interactions between Epi-Krt malignant epithelial cells and MMP11+ CAF form an immune exclusionary microenvironment through TGFβ pathway signaling mediated by FABP5. Epi-Imm malignant epithelial cells and NK/T cells interact bidirectionally through interferon signaling. Notably, preliminary analysis of the NACI clinical trial (NCT04516616) demonstrated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) induce a state transition to Epi-Imm with the extent of this transition being associated with pathological complete remission (pCR) to subsequent ICB treatment. These findings provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cellular state diversity and have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies in CSCC and potentially other squamous cancers.
Clinical features and prognosis of pregnancy-related renal damage and pregnancy after chronic kidney disease
Authors: fang li , Shen Bingbing , zhang Huhai , Yin Na , Cai Juan , Zhang Jun , Zhao Hongwen
Published: April 2023

Objective: Explore the different clinical features of pregnancy-related renal damage and pregnancy after chronic kidney disease(CKD), so as to provides the clinical basis for the relationship between renal damage and pregnancy.
Methods:Retrospective analysis the patients with pregnancy and kidney damage
admitted to our hospital between March 2013 and February 2021. Collect the pathology results of renal biopsy, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, albumin(Alb), serum creatinine（Scr）, blood lipids, coagulation function, blood routine and other indicators during pregnancy and postpartum period.
Results: A total of 82 cases were included in this study, including 48 cases in pregnancy-related renal damage group, of which 11 cases (22.92%) were terminated pregnancy. 34 cases in the post-CKD pregnancy group, of which 1 case (2.94%) were terminated pregnancy. There were 30 cases (88.24%) of CKD stage 1-2, the pregnancy outcome and fetal outcome were better in the post-CKD pregnancy group than in the pregnancy-related renal damage group (Ρ was 0.029, 0.036 respectively), there was no statistical significance in the comparison of fetal weight between the two groups (Ρ>0.05). In renal biopsy pathology, 16 cases (33.33%) were mainly focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the pregnancy-related renal damage group, the post-CKD pregnancy group was dominated by 14 cases (43.75%) of IgA nephropathy. Comparison of the first indicators of pregnancy between the two groups showed that estimated glomerular filtration（eGFR）and Alb in the pregnancy-related renal damage group were lower than those in the post-CKD pregnancy group (Ρ was 0.003, 0.000 respectively). Meanwhile, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, total cholesterol（Tch）, triglyceride(TG), and platelet (PLT) counts were higher than the post-CKD pregnancy group (Ρ was 0.005, 0.001, 0.008, 0.031 respectively). The abnormal rate of Scr during pregnancy was 41.67% (20/48) in the pregnancy-related renal damage group, 17.39% (4/23) in the post-CKD pregnancy group, and the abnormal rate of Scr during pregnancy in the two groups was statistically significant (Ρ was 0.043 respectively).
Conclusion: The pathological type of the pregnancy-related renal damage group is mainly FSGS, and the post-CKD pregnancy group is dominated by IgA nephropathy. Patients with stage CKD1-2 can have an active pregnancy after the well control of eGFR, albumin, 24-hour urinary protein quantity and other indicators, there are better pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Abnormal Scr during pregnancy of pregnancy-related renal damage can be improved after 3 months postpartum.
Effectiveness of Ocrelizumab in Primary PrOgRessive mulTiple sclerosis: a mUlticeNter, retrospective, real-world sTudY (OPPORTUNITY)
Authors: Grazia Clara , Bianco Assunta , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Calabrese Massimiliano , Capone Fioravante , Cavalla Paola , Comi Cristoforo , Danni Maura Chiara , Filippi Massimo , Iaffaldano Pietro , Lanzillo Roberta , Fermo Salvatore Lo , Lucisano Alessandra , Lus Giacomo , Marfia Gerolama Alessandra , Marinelli Fabiana , Mirabella Massimiliano , Perin Chiara , Moiola Lucia , Realmuto Sabrina , Toscano Simona , Trojano Maria , Vecchio Domizia , Patti Francesco
Published: April 2023

Ocrelizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody selectively targeting CD20-expressing B cells. The effect of ocrelizumab on primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) has been evaluated during phase 3 trials that enrolled patients under 55 years with a maximum Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 6.5. However, little is known on older disabled patients with longer of disease duration. We aimed to assess clinical effectiveness of ocrelizumab in PPMS patients out of the ORATORIO eligibility criteria. This multicenter retrospective study collected data about the effectiveness of ocrelizumab in PPMS patients who received treatment between May 2017 and June 2022 in the Italian MS centers contributing to the Italian MS Registry who adhered to compassionate use program. The confirmed EDSS worsening (CEW) (defined as either a ≤ 1-point or ≥ 2-points increase in EDSS score from baseline that was confirmed at T12 and T24) was calculated. At the date of data extraction, out of 887 PPMS patients who had received ocrelizumab, 589 (mean age 49.7±10.7 years, 242 [41.1%) females) were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 41.3±12.3 months. A total of 149 (25.3%) received ocrelizumab according ORATORIO criteria (ORATORIO group) and 440 (74.7%) outside the ORATORIO criteria (non-ORATORIO group). No differences in terms of cumulative probabilities of 12- and 24-months of CEW of ≤1 point were found between ORATORIO and non-ORATORIO groups. Cox-regression analyses showed that age older than 65 years (HR 2.76, 25%CI 1.10–3.56; p = 0.01) was associated with higher risk of CEW at 24 months. Patients not responding to ORATORIO criteria for reimbursability may benefit from ocrelizumab treatment, thus suggesting to extend the possible use of this powerful agent in selected patients under the age of 65 years.