bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological characterization of coronavirus noncanonical transcripts in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lin Ching-Hung , Chen BoJia , Chao Day-Yu , Hsieh Feng-Cheng , Lai Chien-Chen , Wang Wei-Chen , Kuo Cheng-Yu , Yang Chun-Chun , Hsu Hsuan-Wei , Tam Hon-Man-Herman , Wu Hung-Yi
Published: October 2023

Background

In addition to the well-known coronavirus genomes and subgenomic mRNAs, the existence of other coronavirus RNA species, which are collectively referred to as noncanonical transcripts, has been suggested; however, their biological characteristics have not yet been experimentally validated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

To comprehensively determine the amounts, species and structures of noncanonical transcripts for bovine coronavirus in HRT-18 cells and mouse hepatitis virus A59, a mouse coronavirus, in mouse L cells and mice, nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed. To experimentally validate the synthesis of noncanonical transcripts under regular infection, Northern blotting was performed. Both Northern blotting and nanopore direct RNA sequencing were also applied to examine the reproducibility of noncanonical transcripts. In addition, Northern blotting was also employed to determine the regulatory features of noncanonical transcripts under different infection conditions, including different cells, multiplicities of infection (MOIs) and coronavirus strains.

Results

In the current study, we (i) experimentally determined that coronavirus noncanonical transcripts were abundantly synthesized, (ii) classified the noncanonical transcripts into seven populations based on their structures and potential synthesis mechanisms, (iii) showed that the species and amounts of the noncanonical transcripts were reproducible during regular infection but regulated in altered infection environments, (iv) revealed that coronaviruses may employ various mechanisms to synthesize noncanonical transcripts, and (v) found that the biological characteristics of coronavirus noncanonical transcripts were similar between in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Conclusions

The biological characteristics of noncanonical coronavirus transcripts were experimentally validated for the first time. The identified features of noncanonical transcripts in terms of abundance, reproducibility and variety extend the current model for coronavirus gene expression. The capability of coronaviruses to regulate the species and amounts of noncanonical transcripts may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronaviruses during infection, posing potential challenges in disease control. Thus, the biology of noncanonical transcripts both in vitro and in vivo revealed here can provide a database for biological research, contributing to the development of antiviral strategies.
Surviving the nonsurvivable combination of a mycotic aneurysm progressing into a concomitant aorto-bronchial- and aorto-esophageal fistula, a case report
Authors: Somers Tim , Klarenbeek Bastiaan R. , Kouijzer Ilse J.E. , Verhagen Ad F.T.M. , Verkroost Michel W.A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Aortic mycotic aneurysms are a rare but life-threatening condition and may be associated with aorto-bronchial- and aorto-esophageal fistulas. Although both very rare, they carry a high mortality and require (urgent) surgical intervention. Surviving all three conditions concomitantly is extraordinary. We describe a patient who underwent staged repair of such combined defects.
The prevalence of lynch syndrome (DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency) in patients with primary localized prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry screening
Authors: Oka Suguru , Urakami Shinji , Hagiwara Kiichi , Hayashida Michikata , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Miura Yuji , Inoshita Naoko , Arai Masami
Published: October 2023

Background

Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable human cancers. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant inheritance caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are also associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer. However, prostate cancer has not been defined as a Lynch syndrome-associated cancer. The proportion of Lynch syndrome patients in primary prostate cancers is unclear. In this study, we investigated MMR protein loss using universal immunohistochemical screening to determine the prevalence of Lynch syndrome in patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy.

Methods

One hundred twenty-nine surgical specimens from radical prostatectomy performed at Toranomon Hospital between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively tested using universal screening with immunohistochemistry staining for expression of the MMR proteins MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6. For all suspected MMR-deficient patients, germline genetic tests focusing on MMR genes were performed.

Results

MMR protein loss was found in only one patient (0.8%) who showed dual MSH2/MSH6 loss. This patient showed a single nucleotide pathogenic germline mutation from c.1129 C to T (p.Gln377*) at exon 7 in the MSH2 gene. He was diagnosed with a primary prostate cancer at 66 years of age. He had a documented history of Lynch syndrome (Muir–Torre syndrome) with previous colon cancer, sebaceous tumor, and keratoacanthoma as well as subsequent bladder cancer, all of which also showed dual MSH2/MSH6 loss. He also had a strong family history of colorectal and other Lynch syndrome-associated cancers. The pathological stage was pT3aN0M0, and the pathological grade was Gleason 7(4 + 3) with tertiary pattern 5.

Conclusions

In this study, immunohistochemical screening of MMR proteins for Lynch syndrome was performed in a series of prostate cancer cases. The prevalence of Lynch syndrome in localized prostate cancer was 0.8%, which is low compared with other Lynch syndrome-associated cancers.
Cancer origin tracing and timing in two high-risk prostate cancers using multisample whole genome analysis: prospects for personalized medicine
Authors: Nurminen Anssi , Jaatinen Serafiina , Taavitsainen Sinja , Högnäs Gunilla , Lesluyes Tom , Ansari-Pour Naser , Tolonen Teemu , Haase Kerstin , Koskenalho Antti , Kankainen Matti , Jasu Juho , Rauhala Hanna , Kesäniemi Jenni , Nikupaavola Tiia , Kujala Paula , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Riikonen Jarno , Kaipia Antti , Murtola Teemu , Tammela Teuvo L. , Visakorpi Tapio , Nykter Matti , Wedge David C. , Van Loo Peter , Bova G. Steven
Published: October 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PrCa) genomic heterogeneity causes resistance to therapies such as androgen deprivation. Such heterogeneity can be deciphered in the context of evolutionary principles, but current clinical trials do not include evolution as an essential feature. Whether or not analysis of genomic data in an evolutionary context in primary prostate cancer can provide unique added value in the research and clinical domains remains an open question.

Methods

We used novel processing techniques to obtain whole genome data together with 3D anatomic and histomorphologic analysis in two men (GP5 and GP12) with high-risk PrCa undergoing radical prostatectomy. A total of 22 whole genome-sequenced sites (16 primary cancer foci and 6 lymph node metastatic) were analyzed using evolutionary reconstruction tools and spatio-evolutionary models. Probability models were used to trace spatial and chronological origins of the primary tumor and metastases, chart their genetic drivers, and distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic subclones.

Results

In patient GP5, CDK12 inactivation was among the first mutations, leading to a PrCa tandem duplicator phenotype and initiating the cancer around age 50, followed by rapid cancer evolution after age 57, and metastasis around age 59, 5 years prior to prostatectomy. In patient GP12, accelerated cancer progression was detected after age 54, and metastasis occurred around age 56, 3 years prior to prostatectomy. Multiple metastasis-originating events were identified in each patient and tracked anatomically. Metastasis from prostate to lymph nodes occurred strictly ipsilaterally in all 12 detected events. In this pilot, metastatic subclone content analysis appears to substantially enhance the identification of key drivers. Evolutionary analysis’ potential impact on therapy selection appears positive in these pilot cases.

Conclusions

PrCa evolutionary analysis allows tracking of anatomic site of origin, timing of cancer origin and spread, and distinction of metastatic-capable from non-metastatic subclones. This enables better identification of actionable targets for therapy. If extended to larger cohorts, it appears likely that similar analyses could add substantial biological insight and clinically relevant value.
Anorexia nervosa during COVID-19: loss of personal control and alexithymia as important contributors to symptomatology in adolescent girls
Authors: Jarvers Irina , Ecker Angelika , Schleicher Daniel , Kandsperger Stephanie , Otto Alexandra , Brunner Romuald
Published: October 2023

Background

In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a steady increase in adolescent anorexia nervosa admissions has been observed. Contributing factors may have been uncontrollable changes in school attendance due to lockdowns and social restrictions. However, patients’ reports on the impact of these factors have not been assessed in detail as of yet. Furthermore, alexithymia, the difficulty to identify and describe one’s own emotions, has increased during the pandemic and is known to be heightened in eating disorders. Thus, it may have contributed to symptom severity in anorexia nervosa during the pandemic.

Methods

The present study examined pandemic-related changes in social media use, body satisfaction, and perceived loss of control and their impact on depressive, anxious, and eating disorder symptomatology in a sample of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 23). Additionally, the influence of current alexithymia as a cross-diagnostic risk factor was assessed. Adolescents answered questionnaires once shortly after admission to inpatient, outpatient, or daycare treatment.

Results

An increase in perceived loss of control during the pandemic and heightened alexithymia explained a significant portion of variance in present depressive symptomatology, which in turn contributed to eating disorder symptomatology.

Conclusions

These relationships emphasize alexithymia and perceived loss of control as valuable constructs for early screenings and interventions.
Effects of cell phone presence on the control of visual attention during the Navon task
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Kawashima Tomoya , Shinohara Kazumitsu
Published: October 2023

Background

Although cell phones can provide great convenience to our lives, research has shown that they can also affect our behavior, even when not in use. It seems that having a cell phone nearby may not be ideal when the user needs to concentrate on work. However, little is known about whether cell phone presence specifically impairs attentional control.

Methods

This study investigated whether cell phone presence can influence attentional control in the Navon task, which involves spatial switching of attention between global and local levels.

Results

It was found that the reaction time for all types of trials decreased when the participants had a cell phone nearby compared to when they had a mobile battery nearby. It was also found that phone dependency led to more incorrect responses among participants, but this effect was independent of the influence of phone presence on the Navon task performance.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that cell phone presence may have a positive influence on the perceptual process of the Navon letter, suggesting that the effects of phone presence are not always negative. One implication provided by this study is that it is possible to challenge the assertion that cell phones should always be excluded from the workplace by highlighting the positive effects of their presence.
The effectiveness and user experience of a biofeedback intervention program for stress management supported by virtual reality and mobile technology: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kerr Jasmine I. , Weibel Raphael P. , Naegelin Mara , Ferrario Andrea , Schinazi Victor R. , La Marca Roberto , Hoelscher Christoph , Nater Urs M. , von Wangenheim Florian
Published: October 2023

Background

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) can be used for stress management. Recent feasibility studies suggest that delivering HRV-BF in virtual reality (VR) is associated with better user experience (UX) and might yield more beneficial changes in HRV than two-dimensional screens. The effectiveness of a VR-supported HRV-BF intervention program has, however, not been investigated yet.

Methods

In this study, 87 healthy women and men were assigned to a VR-supported HRV-BF intervention (INT; $$n=44$$

n
=
44

) or a wait-list control (WLC; $$n=43$$

n
=
43

) group. The INT came to the lab for four weekly HRV-BF sessions in VR using a head-mounted display. Between lab sessions, participants were asked to perform breathing exercises without biofeedback supported by a mobile application. Stress-related psychological and psychophysiological outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at a follow-up four weeks after the intervention in both groups. A psychosocial stress test was conducted post-intervention to investigate changes in stress reactivity. UX was assessed after each HRV-BF session in the INT.

Results

Analysis revealed that LF increased significantly from pre- to post-, whereas pNN50 increased and chronic stress decreased significantly from pre-intervention to follow-up in the INT compared to the WLC. Anxiety and mental fatigue decreased significantly, while mindfulness and health-related quality of life increased significantly from pre- to post- and from pre-intervention to follow-up in the INT compared to the WLC (all small effects). The two groups did not differ in their stress reactivity post-intervention. As for UX in the INT, the degree of feeling autonomous concerning technology adoption significantly decreased over time. Competence, involvement, and immersion, however, increased significantly from the first to the last HRV-BF session, while hedonic motivation significantly peaked in the second session and then gradually returned to first-session levels.

Conclusions

This HRV-BF intervention program, supported by VR and mobile technology, was able to significantly improve stress indicators and stress-related symptoms and achieved good to very good UX. Future studies should control for potential placebo effects and emphasize higher degrees of personalization and adaptability to increase autonomy and, thereby, long-term health and well-being. These findings may serve as a first step towards future HRV-BF applications of cutting-edge, increasingly accessible technologies, such as wearables, VR, and smartphones, in the service of mental health and healthcare.

Trial registration

The study was registered retrospectively as a clinical trial on ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN11331226, 26 May 2023).
Multi3Generation: Multitask, Multilingual, and Multimodal Language Generation
Authors: Lloret Elena , Barreiro Anabela , Bhatt Mehul , Bugarín-Diz Alberto , Modoni Gianfranco E. , Silberztein Max , Calixto Iacer , Korvel Grazina , Diamantaras Konstantinos , Katsalis Alkiviadis , Turuta Oleksii , Russo Irene , Erdem Aykut
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to highlight the critical importance of language generation today. In particular, language generation is explored from the following three aspects: multi-modality, multilinguality, which play crucial role for NLG community. We present the activities conducted within the Multi3Generation COST

Action (CA18231), as well as current trends and future perspectives for multitask, multilingual and multimodal language generation.
THE PRACTICE OF BENCHMARKING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH IN FMCG SECTOR PRODUCTIONS
Authors: Portnov Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2023

Increasing labor productivity has been on the agenda of science for many years. The search continues for optimal ways to improve with a parallel search for measurement methods both at the country level in the form of national projects, and at the enterprise level in the form of initiatives to optimize the production process, including the introduction of integrated work systems.

As part of the application of the diagnostic approach, a synthesis of two functions is assumed: management and analytics. The basis of this approach is the idea of continuous monitoring of the state of production systems to diagnose and make preventive management decisions to prevent a decrease in production efficiency, including labor productivity. One of the advantages of the diagnostic approach is the applicability of methods and tools in almost any field.

The article discusses benchmarking as one of the possible tools for a diagnostic approach to the analysis and management of labor productivity. The possibility of adapting this tool is revealed. The practical applicability of benchmarking to an application is demonstrated using the example of mass production. An example of benchmarking between two production lines within the same production unit is given. The main goal of adaptation and application is to identify best practices for the effective management of production equipment to increase labor productivity.

Purpose is to formalize benchmarking as a tool for analyzing labor productivity.

Methodology: the article used the methods of analysis and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data using benchmarking.

Results: approbation of benchmarking as a tool for measuring labor productivity based on real data from production lines.

Practical implications: application of the method in the framework of assessing the efficiency of production equipment at industrial enterprises of the in-line type.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Kozin Igor N. , Chuvashlova Marina V.
Published: October 2023

The competitiveness of industry is one of the most important conditions for economic development and the success of international trade. The state is carrying out a set of measures within the framework of the program “Industrial Development and Increasing its Competitiveness”. The goals set in the national program reflect the development of general trends in industries and do not allow assessing the achieved level of competitiveness. An assessment of the results in terms of changes in the competitiveness of the industry would make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of state support measures and the use of budgetary funds.

Purpose. Development of a methodology for assessing the level of competitiveness of industrial production in the regions, based on the calculation of indicators of own production, growth rates of production volumes, the number of organizations, return on assets and profitability of products.

Methodology the article used statistical methods of analysis, calculation of single, group and integral indices.

Results. Based on the calculation of integral indices, a rating of the regions of the Volga Federal District was formed in terms of the level of development of industrial production.

Practical implications. The obtained results can serve as a basis for assessing industrial development at the regional level, which can be used to determine the financing of priority areas and directions of the economic policy of the region.
Data-Driven Order Fulfillment Consolidation for Online Grocery Retailing
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Tong , Wang Xiaoqing , Deng Yuming , Cao Lei
Published: October 2023

Improving fulfillment efficiency is critical for long-term sustainability of online grocery retailing. In this paper, we study reducing order fulfillment cost by order consolidation. Motivated by the observation that a significant percentage of buyers place multiple orders within a short time interval, we propose a scheme that attempts to consolidate such “multiorders” to reduce the number of parcels and hence, the shipping cost. At the same time, it cannot significantly disturb the existing order fulfillment process or undermine the customer service level. Successful execution of the scheme requires a prediction of multiorder probabilities and a control policy that selectively prioritizes order processing. For the prediction task, we formulate a binary classification problem and use machine-learning algorithms to predict in real time the probability of a multiorder. For the control task, our proposal is to hold arriving orders in a temporary order pool for potential consolidation and to determine the release timing by a dynamic program. The proposed solution is estimated to capture 92.8% of all the multiorders at the cost of holding the orders for about 20.3 minutes on average. This translates to more than 10 million U.S. dollars of order fulfillment cost saving annually.

History: This paper was refereed.
Re-endodontic Treatment. Part 2: How?
Authors: Edwards David , Dowling Nisha , Gemmell A , Bonsor Stephen J
Published: October 2023

Where primary root canal treatment has failed, case selection is critical. If the reason for failure can be identified and overcome, then this is the main aim of re-treatment. The second of this two-part series discusses ways in which failed cases can be predictably re-treated, using a series of cases to illustrate key points.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Root canal re-treatment can offer a predictable treatment option with awareness of common pitfalls..
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning on Developing Communicative Strategies in English for Specific Purpose Tour Guide Language Training Course at Tertiary Level
Authors: Huang Jian-Hao
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of collaborative learning on learners’ communicative strategies in English for specific purpose (ESP) tour guide training course. The 12-week study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, following the instruction of twelve topics in the ESP language training course. A total of 60 ESP language learners participated in the study. The experimental group was instructed using collaborative learning in the ESP tour guide language training and the control group was taught using a lecture-based approach. Data from the communicative strategies questionnaire were collected to assess the effectiveness of collaborative learning on learning communicative strategies in the ESP context. The results of the study showed that the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group on both the oral problem coping strategy scale and the listening problem coping strategy scale of the communicative strategies scale in the ESP environment. Based on the findings of the study, collaborative learning is effective in enhancing the language learners' communicative strategies in tour guide training course. Moreover, the study suggests that there should be a critical reflection on the ESP training course currently offered for tour guide language learners.
The Role of Job Satisfaction in Preschool Teachers’ Well-Being: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Idris Wan Izani Wan , Hermawati Desi , Hidayat Riyan , Nasir Nurihan
Published: October 2023

Teacher well-being is a stimulating topic frequently appearing in studies over long periods. Teachers are typically exposed to stress that, when addressed, can lead to low morale and positively impact their work. This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and well-being among preschool teachers in Selangor. We used a quantitative research method and correlational research design to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions. The current study involved 977 government preschool teachers selected using a cluster random sampling method. After data cleaning, a data set of 610 respondents was used for this study. This study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS for data analysis. SEM Analysis showed that job satisfaction positively influences teachers' well-being. However, our results also showed that the subconstruct of job satisfaction with students did not significantly influence preschool teachers' well-being.
Iron Production Industry in Western Chongqing During the Late Ming Dynasty: A Perspective from Smelting Related Materials
Authors: Li Yuniu , Sun Zhigang , Qiu Tian , Bai Jiujiang , Huang Wan
Published: October 2023

abstract: Four iron smelting related sites were discovered in Zouma Town, western Chongqing, China. Among these sites, two (Luduizi and Tieshazitu) were dated to the end of the Ming Dynasty in the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries a.d. and the other two (Gaoluchang and Nianmigou) were dated to the Late Qing Dynasty in the nineteenth century. Large amounts of smelting-related materials were excavated from these sites. Ten metallographic samples collected from excavated slags, a furnace wall, and iron ore were prepared and analyzed. This article reports the first scientific analysis of smelting-related materials in the area. The results provide a preliminary understanding of iron production technology in Chongqing in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
The Archaeology of Ancient Japanese Gardens
Authors: Pearson Richard
Published: October 2023

abstract: This article summarizes the results of archaeological research on some 20 Japanese garden sites dating from the fourth to twelfth centuries a.d., emphasizing the site plan, remains of structures, stone groupings, and ponds. Associated plant remains from five sites are tabulated and briefly discussed. I introduce some early Chinese and Korean antecedents and provide historical context. Gardens with rectangular ponds were introduced from the continent in the Asuka Period (a.d. 538–710). From the Nara Period (a.d. 710–794), garden making was naturalized in a Japanese asymetrical curving style in which structures were located away from the central axis. The gardens discussed here represent a small sample of the original gardens. They include two early examples of an adopted continental style (i.e., Uenomiya and Furumiya), a garden from an imperial palace site, gardens enclosing Heian Period shinden type architecture (raised residence with side wings) and its adapted Pure Land form, and a garden associated with the palace of a retired emperor. Plantings show a combination of flowering trees and shrubs, many introduced from the continent, combined with native deciduous and evergreen trees. Continental examples of gardens with rectangular ponds belong to royal palaces and were symbols of royal authority, as were the examples dated to the Asuka Period. In the Heian Period, state gardens such as Shinsen'en were used for state functions and required ample space and simple organization, while gardens sponsored by elite courtiers such as the Fujiwara show the expression of Buddhist belief. In the Toba Rikyū, built by retired emperors under a complex insei (retirement) system, imperial mausolea shared the landscape with mansions, Buddhist temples, and chapels. Groupings of stones, curving streams, dry landscapes, and low waterfalls probably all occurred as early as the Nara Period.
Seized by Insanity
Authors: David Anthony
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Fall 2023 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2023 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Anthony David, Parul Kapur, John Keeble, Diane Hinton Perry, Austin Woerner, Nafis Shafizadeh, Wiam El-Tamami, Jamie Lyn Smith, and Jim Shepard.
The Double Doors
Authors: Perry Diane Hinton
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Fall 2023 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2023 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Anthony David, Parul Kapur, John Keeble, Diane Hinton Perry, Austin Woerner, Nafis Shafizadeh, Wiam El-Tamami, Jamie Lyn Smith, and Jim Shepard.
Last mile access-based FSO and VLC systems
Authors: Sabri Atheer A. , Hameed Samir M. , Hadi Wael A. H.
Published: October 2023

Free-space optics (FSO) and visible light communication (VLC) are interesting solutions for last mile access due to their benefits over conventional wired and wireless communication systems, including easy installation, low latency, high bandwidth, and low cost. This study aims to present last mile access using hybrid FSO/VLC, addressing the shortcomings of each technology. A hybrid system might, for instance, use VLC to give last meter connectivity to specific buildings and FSO to provide high-bandwidth outdoor connectivity across vast distances. In this paper, three proposed scenarios are designed using Optisystem and Matlab software, employing pulse amplitude modulation with four levels (PAM-4). The first scenario involves designing the last mile of the FSO-VLC system. In contrast, the second uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to increase the data transmission capacity by enabling multiple optical signals at various wavelengths. The last scenario entails using VLC systems and the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach to accommodate several users simultaneously. The simulation results show that the proposed system can fulfill outdoor link distances of more than 10 km and indoor coverage of about 2 m with a bit-error rate (BER) of 1.5×10−32 for a 10 Gbps data rate. However, the proposed systems can achieve the same data rate with a reduced FSO distance under different turbulence and weather conditions.
Active control of terahertz surface plasmonic wave excitation using electromagnetically induced transparency based graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Li Quan , Su Hao , Xu Guanghong , Chen Tai , Zhang Xueqian , Wang Shuang
Published: October 2023

Surface plasmonic waves (SPWs) that propagate at meta-dielectric interface are a good source of information carrier waves for on-chip photonic devices, where SPW excitation is one key procedure. Recently, controlling SPW excitation using metasurface methods has drawn considerable attention owing to their design flexibility, wherein achieving dynamic control is of great importance. However, most studies in the terahertz regime so far are working in a passive way or only dynamically controllable at the propagation process. In this work, an active design for controlling terahertz SPWs at the excitation process is proposed using graphene metasurfaces based on the manipulation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. Large modulation depth with controllable SPW excitations is demonstrated. Our method is flexible and promising in achieving more controlling degree of freedom, which can find broadband applications in future integrated devices and systems.
Modeling functional cell types in spike train data
Authors: Zdeblick Daniel N. , Shea-Brown Eric T. , Witten Daniela M. , Buice Michael A.
Published: October 2023

A major goal of computational neuroscience is to build accurate models of the activity of neurons that can be used to interpret their function in circuits. Here, we explore usingfunctional cell typesto refine single-cell models by grouping them into functionally relevant classes. Formally, we define a hierarchical generative model for cell types, single-cell parameters, and neural responses, and then derive an expectation-maximization algorithm with variational inference that maximizes the likelihood of the neural recordings. We apply this “simultaneous” method to estimate cell types and fit single-cell models from simulated data, and find that it accurately recovers the ground truth parameters. We then apply our approach toin vitroneural recordings from neurons in mouse primary visual cortex, and find that it yields improved prediction of single-cell activity. We demonstrate that the discovered cell-type clusters are well separated and generalizable, and thus amenable to interpretation. We then compare discovered cluster memberships with locational, morphological, and transcriptomic data. Our findings reveal the potential to improve models of neural responses by explicitly allowing for shared functional properties across neurons.
Mycobacterium ulcerans not detected by PCR on human skin in Buruli ulcer endemic areas of south eastern Australia
Authors: Velink Anita , Porter Jessica L. , Stinear Timothy P. , Johnson Paul D. R.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) causes Buruli ulcer (Buruli), a geographically restricted infection that can result in skin loss, contracture and permanent scarring. Lesion-location maps compiled from more than 640 cases in south eastern Australia suggest biting insects are likely involved in transmission, but it is unclear whether MU is brought by insects to humans or if MU is already on the skin and inoculation is an opportunistic event that need not be insect dependent.

Methods

We validated a PCR swab detection assay and defined its dynamic range using laboratory cultured M. ulcerans and fresh pigskin. We invited volunteers in Buruli-endemic and non-endemic areas to sample their skin surfaces with self-collected skin swabs tested by IS2404 quantitative PCR.

Results

Pigskin validation experiments established a limit-of-detection of 0.06 CFU/cm2 at a qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) of 35. Fifty-seven volunteers returned their self-collected kits of 4 swabs (bilateral ankles, calves, wrists, forearms), 10 from control areas and 47 from endemic areas. Collection was timed to coincide with the known peak-transmission period of Buruli. All swabs from human volunteers tested negative (Ct ≥35).

Conclusions

M. ulcerans was not detected on the skin of humans from highly Buruli endemic areas.
Reduction in maternal mortality ratio varies by district in Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia: Estimates by cross-sectional studies using the sisterhood method and a household survey of pregnancy and birth outcomes
Authors: Kea Aschenaki Zerihun , Lindtjorn Bernt , Tekle Achamyelesh Gebretsadik , Hinderaker Sven Gudmund
Published: October 2023

Background

Few studies assess the magnitude, variations, and reduction of maternal mortality at a lower administrative level. This study was conducted to estimate the life time risk (LTR) of maternal death and the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and assess the reduction in MMR.

Methods

This is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in six districts of Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia, from July 2019 to May 2020. The study was conducted with men and women aged 15–49 years. By creating a retrospective cohort of women of reproductive age, we calculated the LTR of maternal mortality and approximated the MMR using the total fertility of the rural Ethiopian population. Variations in maternal mortality was assessed based on characteristics of the respondents, like age, sex, and the districts where they lived. Reduction in MMR was examined using the estimates of the sisterhood method and the 5-year recall of pregnancy and birth outcome household survey.

Results

We analysed 17374 (99.6%) respondents: 8884 (51.1%) men and 8490 (48.9%) women. The 17,374 respondents reported 64,387 maternal sisters. 2,402 (3.7%) sisters had died; 776 (32.3%) were pregnancy-related deaths. The LTR of maternal death was 3.2%, and the MMR was 623 (95% CI: 573–658) per 100,000 live births (LB). The remote district (Aroresa) had a MMR of 1210 (95% CI: 1027–1318) per 100,000 LB. The estimates from male and female respondents were not different. A significant reduction in MMR was observed in districts located near the regional centre. However, no reduction was observed in districts located far from the regional centre.

Conclusions

The high MMR with district-level variations and the lack of mortality reduction in districts located far from the centre highlight the need for instituting interventions tailored to the local context to save mothers and accelerate reductions in MMR.
Predictors of time to death among preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia: A cohort study
Authors: Huka Alo Edin , Oljira Lemessa , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu , Bushra Abdulmalik Abdela , Ahmed Ibsa Abdusemed , Tura Abera Kenay , Tuluka Angefa Ayele
Published: October 2023

Background

Although the survival of preterm neonates has improved, thanks to advanced and specialized neonatal intensive care, it remains the main reason for neonatal admission, death, and risk of lifelong complication. In this study, we assessed time to death and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A hospital based retrospective cohort was conducted among preterm neonates admitted to NICU at public hospitals in west Guji and Borena zones, Oromia National Regional State, southern Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used to select records of preterm neonates admitted to both major hospitals in the study area. Data on neonatal condition, obstetric information, and status at discharge were collected from admission to discharge by trained research assistant through review of their medical records. Kaplan Meir curve and Log rank test were used to estimate the survival time and compare survival curves between variables. Cox-Proportional Hazards model was used to identify significant predictors of time to death at p<0.05.

Result

Of 510 neonates enrolled, 130(25.5%; 95% CI: 22–29) neonates died at discharge or 28days. The median survival time was 18 days with an interquartile range of (IQR = 6, 24). The overall incidence of neonatal mortality was 47.7 (95% CI: 40.2–56.7) per 1000 neonatal days. In the multivariable cox-proportional hazard analysis, lack of antenatal care (AHR: 7.1; 95%CI: 4–12.65), primipara (AHR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.16–4.43), pregnancy complications (AHR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.94–6.0), resuscitation at birth (AHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.28–0.77) and not receiving Kangaroo mother care (AHR: 9.3, 95% CI: 4.36–19.9) were predictors of preterm neonatal death.

Conclusion

Despite admission to NICU for advanced care and follow up, mortality of preterm neonates was found to be high in the study settings. Addressing major intrapartum complications is required to improve survival of neonates admitted to NICU.
The practice of sustainable fashion of luxury boutique fashion brands in Vietnam: What go right, and what go wrong
Authors: Nguyen Khai T. , Nguyen Phuong Ngoc-Duy , Nguyen Long Thang Van , Nayak Rajkishore , Nguyen Thang Q.
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the current practices and challenges for the sustainable fashion of luxury boutique fashion brands (LBFBs) in Vietnam. A series of in-depth interviews with 20 founders and managers of LBFBs in Vietnam was conducted. Findings show that sustainable practices improve ethnic cultures, strengthen the usage of local resources, promote sustainable lifestyle, and thereby contributing to sustainable development of the boutique fashion brands. However, the brands face some challenges while dealing with their stakeholders such as shortage of available internal resources, bias in consumer perception and purchase behaviors, and legal barriers to achieve accredited environment certification that, in turn, weaken the sustainable practices in the local context. Results also provide some insightful information for small & medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to adjust their sustainability practices in order to improve their competitive advantages in the marketplace.
Cumulative pre-cooling methods do not enhance cycling performance in tropical climate
Authors: Collado Aurélie , Rinaldi Kévin , Hermand Eric , Hue Olivier
Published: October 2023

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed cooling techniques (combination of internal and external strategies, with and without menthol) during warm-up for a time trial in tropical climate. Seven heat-acclimatized trained male road cyclists participated in three experimental sessions consisting of 20-min cycling performances on a velodrome track in ecological hot and humid conditions (Guadeloupe, French West Indies; WBGT: 27.64±0.27°C; relative humidity: 76.43±2.19%), preceded by a standardized 30-min warm-up and the ingestion of cold menthol water (1) with a cooling vest soaked in ice water (ICE-VEST), (2) with a cooling vest soaked in ice menthol water (MEN-VEST), and (3) without a vest (NO-VEST). Cycling performance (total distance, distance traveled per 2-min block), physiological parameters (core body temperature recorded, heart rate) and perceptions (exertion, thermal comfort, thermal sensation) were assessed. No between-condition differences were found for physiological parameters, the total covered distance or the distance traveled per 2-min block. However, distance traveled per 2-min decreased with time (p = 0.03), with no difference between conditions, suggesting a variation in pace during the cycling performance trial (e.g., mean±SD: 1321±48.01m at T2; 1308±46.20m at T8, 1284±78.38m at T14, 1309±76.29m at T20). No between-condition differences were found for perception of exertion, thermal comfort and thermal sensation during the warm-up (11.83±3.34; 2.58±1.02; 4.39±0.94, respectively) and the performance (17.85±0.99; 2.70±1.25; 5.20±1.20, respectively) but the pairwise comparisons within condition revealed a significant increase of TS values from T0 (4.57±1.13) to T20 (6.00±0.58) only in NO-VEST condition (p = 0.04). The absence of modification of thermal sensation at the end of the cycling test under the mixed conditions (ICE-VEST and MEN-VEST) suggests a beneficial effect of wearing a cooling vest on thermal sensation although it had no effect on performance.
Effects of ferulic acid on growth performance and intestinal oxidation indexes of Jilin white geese under lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Yingkun , Zhang Tao , Jia Fangyuan , Li Haojia , Sun Meng , Fu Zengyu , Zhou Haizhu , Guo Wei , Gao Yunhang
Published: October 2023

In geese breeding, due to the frequent influence of drugs and environmental and other factors, geese are extremely prone to oxidative stress, which adversely affects growth and development, geese meat quality, down production, and severely affects the development of the geese industry. Ferulic acid from plant extracts can be used as a feed additive, which is safe and non-toxic, and it can exert certain therapeutic effects on oxidative stress in geese. This experiment investigated the effect of ferulic acid on the growth performance, organs indices, and intestinal oxidative indices of Jilin white geese under lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress. Geese were randomly divided into six groups: C (blank control), L (lipopolysaccharide control), F1 (60 mg/kg ferulic acid), F2 (120 mg/kg ferulic acid), F3 (180 mg/kg ferulic acid), and F4 (240 mg/kg ferulic acid). Groups L and F1–F4 were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide and group C with an equivalent volume of normal saline on days 14,17 and 20, and 10 animals from each group were randomly selected for slaughter on day 21. The results showed that: 1) On day 14, the final body weight and average daily feed intake were significantly higher in group F3 than in group L, and on day 21, the final body weight was significantly higher in group F3 than in group L. 2) The thymus index was significantly higher in group F4 than in group L. 4) In the duodenum, MDA activity was reduced in group C compared with that in group L. 5) In the jejunum and ileum, MDA was significantly lower in group F3 than in group L. These results show that the addition of 180 mg/kg of ferulic acid to the diet can promote the growth of geese and alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress in all intestinal segments.
COVID-19’s shadow on families: A structural equation model of parental stress, family relationships, and child wellbeing
Authors: von Suchodoletz Antje , Bélanger Jocelyn , Bryan Christopher , Ali Rahma , Al Nuaimi Sheikha R.
Published: October 2023

The present study seeks to contribute to developmental science in emergencies by investigating associations between COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors, parents’ stress, family relationships, and child wellbeing. In doing so, we build on recent research that generalizes the assumptions of the Family Stress Model beyond direct economic stressors of households to macro-contextual stressors that operate at the societal level. In the case of our study, these stressors relate to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as health risks and confinement-related stresses. Participants were 783 parents of young children (75% female, Mage = 34.61 years) residing in the United Arab Emirates. They completed an online survey in Fall 2020 and Spring 2021, measuring how the pandemic impacted their lives and the lives of their child (Mage = 47.54 months). A subsample of parents (n = 96) completed the survey for two children. Structural equation modeling showed that pandemic-related stressors contributed to higher stress among parents which, in turn, resulted in lower parent-reported child wellbeing at various times during the pandemic. Family relationships mediated the association between parents’ stress and child wellbeing. The present study contributes to our understanding on how large-scale disruption due to COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors gets inside the family, the strength and direction of associations (concurrently and over time), and the timing of mechanisms that impact family processes. The results highlight the need to support families with young children in managing disruptions due to emergencies, such as a global public health crisis, and to determine ways of preventing longstanding consequences on family structures and children’s lives.
Evaluating antibiotic regimens for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in children
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Dong Jie , Huang Jiaotian , Zhang Keyuan , Lu Xiulan , Zhao Xin , Xiao Changqiong
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe consequence of infections from Streptococcus pyogenes. The early identification and timely intervention with appropriate anti-infective agents are pivotal for managing pediatric STSS. This study evaluates the effectiveness of various treatment regimens for STSS in children.

Methods

Clinical data of children with STSS resulting from β-hemolytic streptococcal infections in two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed from January 2009 to April 2023. Additionally, literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure on pediatric STSS was examined. Antimicrobial treatments were categorized into four groups based on their compositions, with an additional categorization for adjunct therapeutic drugs.

Results

Of 32 confirmed STSS cases, all displayed sensitivity to ampicillin, β-lactam antibiotics, and vancomycin, but resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. From the literature, 23 studies with 50 cases were extracted, leading to a total of 82 patients for evaluation. The efficacy rates varied significantly among the four treatment groups. Notably, the standard penicillin-containing group exhibited the highest efficacy (86.4%), while the group with macrolides/unused antibiotics registered a 0% efficacy rate. The other two groups demonstrated efficacy rates of 32.1% and 42.3%.

Conclusion

For pediatric STSS, Streptococcus pyogenes shows notable sensitivity to ampicillin. Implementing timely β-lactam antibiotics, specifically penicillin, in conjunction with clindamycin and intravenous immunoglobulins enhances the treatment success rate.