bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the anomalous asymptotic behavior of elastic electron scattering of helium
Authors: Liu Ya-Wei , Xiong Tao , Huang Xin-Chao , Yang Ke , Yu Kuan-Li , Hiraoka Nozomu , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: January 2020

For the inelastic electron scattering of atoms and molecules, a consensus has been reached that the first Born approximation is easily approached by decreasing the momentum transfer at the same impact electron energy or increasing the impact electron energy at the same momentum transfer. Although this consensus is applicable for the elastic electron scattering of most atoms and molecules, it is violated for helium where the experimental differential cross sections deviate from the first Born approximation prediction gradually with the decrease of squared momentum transfer at the same impact electron energy. Since this anomalous phenomenon was observed more than 40 years ago, the intrinsic mechanism is not explicit. In the present work, using the high-resolution x-ray scattering, we isolate the scattering contribution from the nucleus and directly obtain the pure electronic structure of helium. Then, the anomalous asymptotic behavior of the elastic electron scattering of helium has been elucidated, i.e., in the small squared momentum transfer region, the scattering contribution from the target’s electrons is counteracted by the one from the atomic nucleus, which results in the residual contribution beyond the first Born approximation being drastically enlarged.
Assessing temporal variability of wind resources in China and the spatial correlation of wind power in the selected regions
Authors: Ren Guorui , Wan Jie , Liu Jinfu , Yu Daren
Published: January 2020

In this study, the temporal variability of wind resources in China and the spatial correlation of wind power in the selected regions are analyzed based on reanalysis wind speed data from 1998 to 2017. The monthly and diurnal variation patterns of wind speed are investigated first. Then the temporal variation patterns of wind power are further studied based on 12 selected regions. The temporal variability of wind resources varies from one region to another, which implies that the variability of wind power can be mitigated by combining wind farms in different regions. So the spatial correlation of wind power between different regions is analyzed. The correlation coefficients generally range from −0.4 to 1.0. Meanwhile, the spatial correlation of wind power on different time scales is further investigated. The correlation coefficients increase with the time scale in most cases. As a result, the monthly and yearly variations of wind power may not be significantly mitigated by interconnecting wind power generated in different regions. However, interconnecting different wind farms can effectively mitigate the hourly fluctuation in wind power due to the less correlation on the hourly time scale. Finally, the influence of the proportion of the installed wind power capacities between combined regions on the mitigation e ffect is discussed.
A collective elastic fluctuation mechanism for decoupling and stretched relaxation in glassy colloidal and molecular liquids
Authors: Xie Shi-Jie , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: January 2020

We propose a microscopic theory for the decoupling of self-diffusion and structural relaxation in glass-forming liquids within the Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) activated dynamics framework. Our central hypothesis is that the heterogeneity relevant to this problem is static fluctuations of local density on the scale of 3–4 particle diameters and how this changes local packing correlations. These fluctuations modify the degree of dynamical cage expansion that mechanistically couples intracage large amplitude hopping and longer range collective elasticity in ECNLE theory. Decoupling only emerges in the deeply supercooled regime where the strongly temperature dependent elastic barrier becomes non-negligible relative to its noncooperative local analog. The theory makes predictions for various aspects of the decoupling phenomenon, including apparent fractional power law Stokes-Einstein behavior, that appear to be consistent with experiments and simulations on hard sphere fluids and molecular liquids. Of central importance is a microscopic connection between the barrier fluctuation variance and most probable barrier height. Sensible results are also obtained for the nonexponential stretching of a generic relaxation time correlation function and its temperature evolution. Nonuniversality can arise from the relative importance of the local and collective barriers (related to fragility) and the precise magnitude of the length scale that defines the transition from local cage to elastic physics. Comparison is made with a traplike model based on a Gaussian distribution of barriers.
NMR studies of the ground states of Ni50-xCoxMn35In15 (x=1, 2.5) and Ni45Co5Mn37In13 Heusler alloys
Authors: Aryal Anil , Dubenko Igor , Pandey Sudip , Chen Jing-Han , Talapatra Saikat , Chlan Vojtech , Stepankova Helena , Matveev Vladimir , Blinov Mikhail , Prudnikov Valerii , Granovsky Alexander , Lähderanta Erkki , Stadler Shane , Ali Naushad
Published: January 2020

Three temperature-induced phase transitions at T=T1, TM/TA, and TC, related to the ferromagnetic order of the martensitic phase (FMMP), martensitic (structural) transitions (MT), and the ferromagnetic order of the austenitic phase (FMAP), respectively, have been observed in the off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys, Ni50-xCoxMn35In15 (x=1, 2.5) and Ni45Co5Mn37In13. The phase transitions temperatures are found to be depended on alloy composition. A kinetic arrest of the AP was observed for Ni47.5Co2.5Mn35In15 in the magnetization measurements during field-cooling cycle (FCC) at 50 kOe. Depending upon the cooling protocols, ZFC and FCC (at H = 50 kOe), two different ground states of the alloys can be found in Ni47.5Co2.5Mn35In15 and Ni45Co5Mn37In13 alloys. The ground states (T=4.2 K and external field H=0) of the alloys was found to be characterized by three main line: two, partially overlapping, at higher frequencies (300-450 MHz), most likely corresponding of manganese resonance lines and one at lower frequency at about 200 MHz. A significant shift in the spectrum of Ni45Co5Mn37In13 by about 100 MHz to higher frequencies was observed. The correlation of magnetizations obtained from magnetic moment and NMR studies is discussed.
Experimental verification and analysis of temperature characteristics of induction generator considering stator loss distribution
Authors: Kim Chang-Woo , Jang Gang-Hyeon , Seo Sung-Won , You Dae-Joon , Choi Jang-Young
Published: January 2020

Induction generators are widely used for hydro power generation as they are both economical and durable. Accurate temperature prediction is important for induction generators because temperature has a large impact on durability and efficiency. In this study, the temperature characteristics of an induction generator, according to the stator loss distribution, were analyzed and verified through experiments. The no-load analysis and the core loss analysis of the induction generator were carried out, and the core losses were distributed to each element for thermal analysis. The experiments were conducted under the no-load condition, and the thermal analysis was performed by applying the natural convection conditions. It was confirmed that the individual component-wise thermal analysis was more suitable for the thermal analysis considering the loss distribution.
Effects of In3+ site occupancy on the magnetic properties of M-type strontium hexaferrites
Authors: Kim Chul Sung , Kim Bongjae , Yoon Sunghyun
Published: January 2020

Effects of nonmagnetic indium ion substitution on magnetic properties of M-type strontium hexaferrites SrFe12-xInxO19 (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) have been studied by crystallographic and magnetic measurements. Samples were prepared by citric auto-combustion method. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction profiles showed that the samples were single phase with the space group P63/mmc and lattice constants a and c increased linearly with In3+ content. Mössbauer spectra showed that In3+ mainly replaced Fe3+ ions in 4f2 sites and that 12k subspectra split into two distinct components 12k1 and 12k2. Analysis of hysteresis curves showed that while the coercive force and the magnetic anisotropy constant decreased thru the whole doping range x, the saturation magnetization first increased until x=0.5 and decreased thereafter. This behavior was explained by the existence of two competing interactions in terms of nonmagnetic indium substitution.
Antiphase boundaries in Ni-Mn-Ga ordered compound
Authors: Heczko Oleg
Published: January 2020

Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga compounds exhibit various magnetoelastic effects and can be considered as an example of magnetoelastic multiferroics. The interactions between magnetic domain walls, twin boundaries or ferroelastic interfaces and antiphase boundaries (APB) was investigated using newly developed method utilizing magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The method exploits the magnetic contrast arising from different magnetic properties of antiphase boundary and bulk. Here the observation of APBs by MFM in both phases is presented; for the first time in ordered L21 parent cubic phase austenite. In modulated 10M martensite exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect we investigate APBs in the presence of twin boundary and the pining of magnetic domain wall on APBs.
Modulation of the optical beam with orbital angular momentum in hot atomic rubidium vapor
Authors: Zeng Lei , Dong Ming-Xin , Ye Ying-Hao , Yu Yi-Chen , Li En-Ze , Zhang Wei-Hang , Zhang Kan , Ding Dong-Sheng , Shi Bao-Sen
Published: January 2020

The effect of self-focusing and defocusing of the optical beam, which is caused by the interaction between a strong light field and medium, plays an important role in nonlinear optics. The difference in the spatial structure of the strong control beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the Gaussian mode will have different effects on self-focusing and defocusing, which has the potential for realizing the modulation of the self-focusing and the defocusing process of the probe light with OAM. In this work, we report the influence of the spatial structure of the control beam on the self-focusing and defocusing process of the probe beam in a hot rubidium vapor cell with a lambda-type configuration. Under the same experimental condition, the control beam with the Laguerre-Gaussian mode contributes more to self-defocusing, while the Gaussian mode promotes the defocusing effect. The result is promising for manipulating the optical beam with OAM.
Microscopic mechanism of water flooding in tight reservoirs
Authors: Li Haibo , Guo Hekun , Yang Zhengming , Meng Lixin , Zeng Qingqiao , Xu Hongcheng , Zhang Hewen , Sun Yuping , Lu Haibing , Wang Xuewu , Meng Huan
Published: January 2020

Based on cores from tight oil reservoirs in Ordos Basin, water flooding experiments with both low and high displacement pressures were carried out. Combined with NMR, quantitative analysis approaches for produced oil under different microscopic effects were established for quantitative research of the microscopic mechanism of water flooding in tight reservoirs. The research indicated that under low displacement pressure, oil recovery mechanisms of hydrophilic cores mainly include displacement, imbibition, and denudation, and those of wetting cores mainly include displacement and imbibition. After increasing the displacement pressure, both hydrophilic and neutral wetting cores have a certain increase in oil recovery. The common point is that both oil controlled by small throats and remaining oil droplets controlled by traps in large pores have been activated, while the discrepancy is that the oil film of the neutral wetting core boundary layer becomes thinner, which improves oil recovery ratio, and these mechanisms have less effect on hydrophilic cores. The amount of oil produced by each type of oil recovery mode was quantitatively analyzed. Percentages of produced oil in hydrophilic cores by flooding and imbibition and denudation are 15% and 12%, respectively, which are the main oil recovery mechanisms; percentages of produced oil in neutral wetting cores by displacement and imbibition are 25% and 2%, respectively, with displacement as the main oil recovery mechanism. After increasing the displacement pressure, oil produced by hydrophilic and neutral wetting cores increased by 6% and 9%, respectively, indicating that with increasing the displacement pressure, a part of the boundary layer of oil could be produced in neutral wetting cores.
Size control of GaN nanocrystals formed by ion implantation in thermally grown silicon dioxide
Authors: Filintoglou K. , Pinakidou F. , Arvanitidis J. , Christofilos D. , Paloura E. C. , Ves S. , Kutza P. , Lorenz Ph. , Gerlach P. , Wendler E. , Undisz A. , Rettenmayr M. , Milchanin O. , Komarov F. F. , Lorenz K. , Katsikini M.
Published: January 2020

The growth of GaN nanocrystals in an amorphous SiO2 matrix by sequential Ga and N implantation and rapid thermal annealing is reported. The effect of the implantation and annealing conditions on the distribution of the implanted ions, as well as the size, static disorder, and stability of the grown GaN nanocrystals, is studied by means of transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Raman scattering, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies. It is found that the optimum temperature range for the post-implantation annealing of the nanocrystals, with a size that ranges from about 3 to 12 nm, is 1000–1100 °C. Higher temperatures result in the dissociation of the nanocrystals and out-diffusion of N and Ga, whereas lower temperatures are insufficient for the growth of GaN nanocrystals. Annealing for 30–90 s is optimum in order to avoid considerable loss of N and Ga. However, upon annealing at higher temperatures within the optimum range, up to 1100 °C, or for longer times, up to 120 s, larger GaN nanocrystals are grown and/or lower static disorder is observed.
High-harmonic generation in lanthanide-containing plasmas
Authors: Boltaev G. S. , Ganeev R. A. , Kim V. V. , Alnaser A. S.
Published: January 2020

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in atoms and molecules allows the study of the static and dynamic properties of these systems. We present the results of HHG studies in the plasmas produced using femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses on the surfaces of lanthanides and their oxides (La, Yb, Pr6O11, and Tb4O7). The plasmas induced by femtosecond pulses have proven to be a more efficient medium for HHG than the plasmas produced by picosecond pulses in the case of two-color pump HHG. We analyze the advantages of laser ablation using femtosecond pulses for the extension of the cutoff energy of generated harmonic in lanthanide plasma. We have shown that Yb plasma is the efficient medium for the harmonic generation up to the 73rd order, which is one of the largest orders generated in laser-produced plasmas.
Central uprising sheet in simultaneous and near-simultaneous impact of two high kinetic energy droplets onto dry surface and thin liquid film
Authors: Ersoy Nuri Erdem , Eslamian Morteza
Published: January 2020

Droplet impact on both dry and wet surfaces is present in several applications, and often multiple droplets, instead of one single droplet, are involved. This paper focuses on the problem of two-droplet impingement on dry and wet surfaces with two Weber numbers (We) of 115 and 230, corresponding to two Reynolds numbers (Re) of 6100 and 8620, respectively. We study impact dynamics phenomena, compare simultaneous and time-delayed impact dynamics of two droplets, and investigate the time evolution of a central uprising sheet formed between the two droplets impinged on dry or wet surfaces, a problem that has been barely studied. A central uprising sheet forms between two impinging droplets at sufficiently high Re and We and short droplet to droplet spacing (high kinetic energy at the point of spread contact). Three different shapes for the central uprising sheet are observed for two droplet impact on a dry surface with various time delays: ordered two-dimensional (2D) semilunar shape (vertical and inclined), curved or C-shaped three-dimensional (3D) shape, and irregular splash. Our experiments show that the central uprising sheet undergoes splashing under conditions not predicted by existing correlations; also, during the early formation of the central uprising sheet, the effect of gravity force on the sheet evolution is negligible. Mixing and surface waves are also studied, taking advantage of liquids with three different colors.
Emerging materials in neuromorphic computing: Guest editorial
Authors: Burr Geoffrey W. , Sebastian Abu , Vianello Elisa , Waser Rainer , Parkin Stuart
Published: January 2020

An introduction to the APL Materials Special Issue on “Emerging Materials in Neuromorphic Computing,” by the guest editors.
Rhythmic variability in Spanish/English bilinguals in
California
Authors: Robles-Puente Sergio
Published: January 2020

In this study two techniques were used to analyze the linguistic
rhythm of Mexican Spanish/English bilinguals in Los Angeles (California):
(i)-nPVI, consisting of measurements of durations of successive pairs of vowels,
and (ii)-voicing ratios, consisting of a function that calculates the voiced and
voiceless portions of the signal. The speech of forty-nine participants in five
groups was examined: (G1)-twelve native speakers of English, (G2)-eight Mexican
Sp/Eng adult bilinguals who have been in L.A. since childhood, (G3)-eleven
Mexican Sp/Eng young bilinguals descendants of immigrants and born in L.A.,
(G4)-seven Mexican Sp/Eng adult bilinguals who moved to L.A. as adults and
(G5)-eleven native speakers of Spanish who have stayed in L.A. for a short
period of time. Both methodologies indicate that G1 and G2 show English-like
rhythm in both languages while G4 and G5 present Spanish-like rhythm. G3
accommodates rhythm depending on the language. Results reveal how rhythm can
suffer attrition and transfer processes depending on the age or length of
exposure to the L2. The study also highlights the unique linguistic situation of
Los Angeles where members of the Mexican community have different levels of
exposure to the Spanish and English languages.
How dependency syntax appeared in the French
Encyclopedia
Authors: Kahane Sylvain
Published: January 2020

In the French
Encyclopedia (1765, Volume 14), Beauzée
made a clear distinction between the notion of government (Fr.
rection) (one word imposes a special form on another)
and the notion of complement. Except for the subject,
Beauzée’s complementation corresponds to the modern notion of
dependency and is illustrated by complete dependency
trees, but by means of verbal description and not diagrams. Starting from
the seminal work of Port-Royal
(1660), which redefined the aim of syntax, we show how Beauzée’s
clear vision of syntactic structure developed in the previous century. Three
other authors are discussed: Buffier
(1709), though unfortunately using an awkward terminology, was
probably the first to propose a detailed dependency-based analysis of
sentences and a dependency-based definition of parts of speech; Girard (1747), preferring a more
constituency-based analysis, proposed a definition of the notions of
government and syntactic functions and a remarkable formalization of word
order rules; Du Marsais (1754), in his contribution to the first articles of
the Encyclopedia, synthesized the main ideas of his predecessors on the
notions of complement, heralding Beauzée’s clear-cut formalization.
Sámuel Brassai in the history of dependency grammar
Authors: Imrényi András , Vladár Zsuzsa
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the syntactic work of Sámuel Brassai with
special regard to his dependency-based theory of the sentence. Brassai is
already relatively well-known as a pioneer in the study of information
structure, where his discoveries predate Gabelentz by several years. The
present work aims to show that Brassai also developed a consistently
dependency-based theory of syntax long before Tesnière. The paper first
discusses the motivations and influences underpinning Brassai’s work.
Secondly, it presents Brassai’s verb-centred theory, expressed both
metaphorically and by sentence diagrams. The latter appeared as early as
1873, thus Brassai may well have been the first to produce verb-centred
dependency diagrams of clause structure. Finally, we show that Brassai’s
discovery of a bipartite (information structural) division of the sentence
does not amount to an early adoption of constituency; rather, it is
seamlessly integrated into his dependency-oriented approach.
Franz Kern
Authors: Osborne Timothy
Published: January 2020

An examination of Franz Kern’s main works (1883a, 1883b, 1884, 1886, 1888) quickly reveals that his concept of
sentence structure is closely similar to many modern analyses in the
tradition of dependency grammar (DG). Kern took the finite
verb as the sentence root and positioned the subject and object phrases as
equi-level dependents of the verb in a like manner. In so doing, he was
rejecting the binary subject-predicate division associated with the works of
some of his contemporaries, most notably, Reed and Kellogg (1876). The aspect of Kern’s understanding of
sentence structure that is particularly valuable in tracing the development
of dependency syntax was his use of sentence diagrams. Kern produced
numerous diagrams that are similar to the stemmas Tesnière used
approximately 60 years later. Thus, Kern’s works on sentence structure stand
as a particularly clear manifestation of dependency syntax long before
dependency grammar became associated primarily with Tesnière’s efforts
(1953, 1959). Interestingly, Tesnière did not cite Kern.
This situation raises a basic question about whether Tesnière knew about
Kern’s works at all, or whether he was indirectly influenced by Kern through
the ideas of other German grammarians following in a tradition that Kern had
helped establish many decades earlier.
The Russian trail
Authors: Sériot Patrick
Published: January 2020

L. Tesnière is not the first inventor of dependency grammars. In
fact, a “climate of opinion” can be formed without any direct contact in
time and space between linguists who do not know each other but came to
similar views because they met the same problems and were dissatisfied with
the Subject/Predicate scheme of classical grammars. A comparison of L.
Tesnière and A. Dmitrievsky is proposed here to reconstruct the multiple
ways which led to the idea of dependency grammars, around the technical
obstacle of impersonal syntactic structures.
Negotiating the intersections between dark tourism and pilgrimage.
Authors: Korstanje M. E. , Olsen D. H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses some of the interconnections between dark tourism and pilgrimage/religious travel within the following four themes: (1) dark tourism and pilgrimage as heritage; (2) dark tourism and pilgrimage as a mechanism of resilience; (3) dark tourism and pilgrimage as a mediator between the self and death; and (4) critical approaches to dark tourism and pilgrimage.
Im(possible) dark tourism in Bulgaria.
Authors: Mileva S.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the (im)possibility of developing dark tourism as a tourism niche market in Bulgaria. In particular, it looks at the complex political and historical development of the country and focuses on the sensitive nature of death and Bulgaria's dark history as it relates to the approach of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church to death and sites of death; the role of communism in the formation of Bulgarian identity; and how Bulgarians today handle their 'difficult heritage' from the socialist/communist period.
Martyrdom and dark tourism in Carthage, Illinois.
Authors: Esplin S. C. , Olsen D. H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines how Carthage Jail, the martyrdom site of Joseph Smith, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, has evolved from a site of tragedy to a site of healing and religious co-operation. As a case study in dark tourism formation, this chapter examines how the Church has transformed the jail, the scene of the faith's greatest suffering, into a pilgrimage destination focusing on triumph rather than tragedy.
Designing experiences at holocaust memorial sites.
Authors: Ward P. , Hill B.
Published: January 2020

After situating Holocaust tourism in the context of dark tourism, principles of experience design are explained and discussed, including the progression of economic value, the Four Realms of Experience, and THEME. Examples are given from specific Holocaust tourism sites to further illustrate how the principles are used in practice, and suggestions for improving the dark Holocaust tourism experience are also discussed.
Bilateral key comparison of INMETRO and INTI humidity standards in the dew/frost-point temperature range from -30 °C to +60 °C (SIM.T-K6.7)
Authors: Brionizio Julio D , Skabar Javier G
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to describe a bilateral comparison carried out by the hygrometry laboratories of the National Metrological Institutes of Brazil and Argentina, INMETRO and INTI, respectively. The comparison, registered as a bilateral key comparison of the Inter American Metrology System (SIM) as SIM.T-K6.7 - INMETRO/INTI, was performed in the range from -30 °C to 60 °C of dew/frost-point temperatures. This paper presents the facilities of the laboratories, the measurement procedures, the uncertainty analysis, the compatibility of the measurement results (by means of the normalised error and by the degree of equivalence) and the degree of equivalence for the dew-point temperatures 1 °C and 20 °C between INTI and the CCT-K6 key comparison reference value by means of a previous comparison between INMETRO and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Comparison of the national standards of air kerma between the PTB and the CPHR for selected x-ray qualities used in radiation protection, diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy (COOMET.RI(I)-S4)
Authors: Büermann Ludwig , Walwyn-Salas Gonzalo , Romero-Acosta Andy L
Published: January 2020

The air kerma calibration coefficients of a set of four transfer ionization chambers and the air kerma-length product calibration coefficients for a set of two transfer pencil-type ionization chambers were compared at the PTB, Germany, and the CPHR, Cuba, for 15 selected radiation qualities as used in mammography, general diagnostic radiology, computed tomography, radiation therapy and radiation protection. The CPHR performed its measurements in the period January to September 2017 and the PTB before (November 2016) and after (December 2017) that period. The comparison results for the selected beam qualities expressed as the ratio of calibration coefficients were in the range (0.98-1.01) and mostly (12 out of 18) consistent within the relative standard uncertainty of the comparison which ranged between 0.6 % and 1 %. Five results were within the extended (k=2) standard uncertainty. One result deviated relatively by 1.9%. A possible reason for the larger deviation is discussed. The results are published in the Key Comparison Data Base (KCDB) of the BIPM as supplementary comparison COOMET.RI(I)-S4.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Characterisation of negative ion beam focusing based on phase space structure
Authors: Haba Yasuaki , Nagaoka Kenichi , Tsumori Katsuyoshi , Kisaki Masashi , Nakano Haruhisa , Ikeda Katsunori , Osakabe Masaki
Published: January 2020

Negative ion beam focusing is a key element for advanced applications of negative ion beams such as accelerators for particle physics, compact accelerators for medical fields, and plasma experiments for nuclear fusion because complicated magnetic fields exist both inside of the source plasma and the grid system. In order to understand the beam focusing, phase space structure measurements for a single beamlet have been performed with a research-and-development negative ion source at the National Institute for Fusion Science. A complicated phase space structure is observed in the direction parallel to the filter magnetic field in the vicinity of the plasma grid, while a single-Gaussian beamlet structure is observed in the direction perpendicular to the filter field. Detailed analyses for the phase space structure of the single beamlet reveal that the complicated structure can be identified as a combination of three beam components with different beam axes. The shifts of each axis are also observed to depend on the ratio of the acceleration voltage for the extraction voltage, which may significantly degrade the beamlet focusing.
Genuine temporal correlations can certify the quantum dimension
Authors: Spee Cornelia , Siebeneich Hendrik , Gloger Timm Florian , Kaufmann Peter , Johanning Michael , Kleinmann Matthias , Wunderlich Christof , Gühne Otfried
Published: January 2020

Temporal correlations in quantum mechanics are the origin of several non-classical phenomena, but they depend on the dimension of the underlying quantum system. This allows one to use such correlations for the certification of a minimal Hilbert space dimension. Here we provide a theoretical proposal and an experimental implementation of a device-independent dimension test, using temporal correlations observed on a single trapped 171Yb+ ion. Our test goes beyond the prepare-and-measure scheme of previous approaches, demonstrating the advantage of genuine temporal correlations.
Estimates of distributed coding of visual objects by single neurons in the human brain depend on which spike sorting technique is used
Authors: Steinmetz Peter N
Published: January 2020

Objective. To determine whether the estimated fraction and degree of distribution of visual responsive neurons in human intracranial microwire recordings depends upon the spike sorting method used. Approach. A large dataset of human intracranial microwire recordings from four brain areas was sorted into single unit activity (SUA) and multiunit activity (MUA) using 4 spike sorting methods previously applied to this type of recording. The responses were examined for visual responses to 33 objects which were presented. Main results. The 4 spike sorting techniques examined here yielded fractions of responsive SUA varying from 8% in the left anterior cingulate cortex to 27% in the right amgdala. The fraction of responsive SUA and MUA depended on the type of spike sorting being used as well as brain area and side being recorded from. Agreement between spike sorting techniques was low (0.04–0.16 on the 0–1 AMIall scale). Significance. Prior estimates of the fraction of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe coding semantic memory of visual objects have yielded fractions ranging from 0.04% by very strict response criteria to 47% by other criteria. A variety of explanations of these differences have been posited, including differences in the type of memory being tested, differences in visual stimuli, as well as technical differences such as spike sorting techniques. This study shows the dependence of the reported fraction of neurons encoding visual objects on the spike sorting technique employed and confirms a distributed representation of visual objects by single neurons in the human brain. Both the variation in the responsive fractions with spike sorting technique and low levels of agreement between techniques highlight the need for better understanding of the signals being extracted in human intracranial microwire recordings.
Annual modulation of the atmospheric muon flux measured by the OPERA experiment
Authors: Mauri N
Published: January 2020

The OPERA experiment, designed to search for νμ
→ντ
oscillations, reached its main goal by observing the appearance of ντ
in the CNGS νμ
beam. Thanks to its location in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, under 3800 m.w.e., it has also been exploited as an observatory for TeV muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In this paper the preliminary measurement of the annual modulation of the atmospheric muon flux with the OPERA detector is reported.
Gravity and antimatter: the AEgIS experiment at CERN
Authors: Pagano D. , Aghion S. , Amsler C. , Bonomi G. , Brusa R. S. , Caccia M. , Caravita R. , Castelli F. , Cerchiari G. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Demetrio A. , Noto L.Di , Doser M. , Evans A. , Fani M. , Ferragut R. , Fesel J. , Fontana A. , Gerber S. , Giammarchi M. , Gligorova A. , Guatieri F. , Haider S. , Hinterberger A. , Holmestad H. , Kellerbauer A. , Khalidova O. , Krasnický D. , Lagomarsino V. , Lansonneur P. , Lebrun P. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Marton J. , Matveev V. , Mazzotta Z. , Müller S. R. , Nebbia G. , Nedelec P. , Oberthaler M. , Pacifico N. , Penasa L. , Petracek V. , Prelz F. , Prevedelli M. , Ravelli L. , Rienaecker B. , Robert J. , Røhne O.M. , Rotondi A. , Sandaker H. , Santoro R. , Smestad L. , Sorrentino F. , Testera G. , Tietje I. C. , Widmann E. , Yzombard P. , Zimmer C. , Zmeskal J. , Zurlo N.
Published: January 2020

From the experimental point of view, very little is known about the gravitational interaction between matter and antimatter. In particular, the Weak Equivalence Principle, which is of paramount importance for the General Relativity, has not yet been directly probed with antimatter. The main goal of the AEgIS experiment at CERN is to perform a direct measurement of the gravitational force on antimatter. The idea is to measure the vertical displacement of a beam of cold antihydrogen atoms, traveling in the gravitational field of the Earth, by the means of a moiré deflectometer. An overview of the physics goals of the experiment, of its apparatus and of the first results is presented.
High energy neutrino astronomy with KM3NeT
Authors: Sapienza Piera
Published: January 2020

The KM3NeT Collaboration aims at the observation of high neutrino sources in the Universe and at the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy. This talk is focused on ARCA. The deployment of the first Detection Units at 3500 m depth offshore CapoPassero (Italy) started and two are in operation. ARCA will made of two buildings blocks made of 115 Detection Units corresponding to an instrumented volume of about 1 km3 and will provide a very large coverage of the neutrino sky - 87% for up going muon neutrinos). The superior angular resolution, 0.1°at energy higher of 10 TeV, will be important for source search. In this talk the detector technology, status and perspectives for detection of high energy neutrinos signals from different candidate sources are discussed.
Geoneutrinos from the rock overburden at SNO+
Authors: Strati V. , Wipperfurth S.A. , Baldoncini M. , McDonough W.F. , Gizzi S. , Mantovani F.
Published: January 2020

SNOLAB is one of the deepest underground laboratory in the world with an overburden of 2092 m. The SNO+ detector is designed to achieve several fundamental physics goals as a low-background experiment, particularly measuring the Earth’s geoneutrino flux. Here we evaluate the effect of the 2 km overburden on the predicted crustal geoneutrino signal at SNO+. A refined 3D model of the 50 χ 50 km upper crust surrounding the detector and a full calculation of survival probability are used to model the U and Th geoneutrino signal. Comparing this signal with that obtained by placing SNO+ at sea level, we highlight a 1.4+1.8
-0.9 TNU signal difference, corresponding to the ~5% of the total crustal contribution. Finally, the impact of the additional crust extending from sea level up to ~300 m was estimated.
Atmospheric Neutrino and Proton Decay Results in Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Okumura Kimihiro
Published: January 2020

Super-Kamiokande (SK) is a 50 kiloton water Cherenkov detector aiming for the detection of several physics such as solar, atmospheric, astrophysical neutrinos, proton decay, WIMP dark matter, etc. It has been running over 20 years since 1996, and achieved several remarkable outcomes in the field of the particle and astrophysics, one of which is the discovery of the neutrino oscillation, bringing the Nobel Prize in physics 2015. SK still accumulates a large number of neutrino events, and simultaneously the physic target and its sensitivity are extended along with the improvement of the analysis method, such as event reconstruction and background rejection. One of the strong motivations for the atmospheric neutrino oscillation measurement is to measure the mass ordering (hierarchy) between ½
2 and ½
3. The atmospheric neutrino is sensitive to the mass hierarchy with help of the matter effect which is given when passing through the Earth. We have performed a detailed analysis to discriminate small signature of the mass hierarchy due to the matter effect. Proton decay is a direct signature anticipated by the grand unified theory (GUT) which is the physics beyond the standard model. Though the major decay modes and GUT models are excluded by the past searches, the efforts to search a glimpse of the proton decay signal are being continued with better event reconstruction and analysis method. In this paper the recent results of the atmospheric neutrino measurement and proton decay search using the most updated dataset taken until 2017 spring are described.
Overview of Project 8 and Progress Towards Tritium Operation
Authors: Pettus Walter C.
Published: January 2020

Project 8 is a tritium endpoint neutrino mass experiment utilizing a phased program to achieve sensitivity to the range of neutrino masses allowed by the inverted mass hierarchy. The Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) technique is employed to measure the differential energy spectrum of decay electrons with high precision. We present an overview of the Project 8 experimental program, from first demonstration of the CRES technique to ultimate sensitivity with an atomic tritium source. We highlight recent advances in preparation for the first measurement of the continuous tritium spectrum with CRES.
Latest oscillation results from T2K
Authors: Scott Mark
Published: January 2020

T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built to measure νμ
disappearance and νe appearance using the J-PARC neutrino beam and the Super-Kamiokande detector. Presented here are the first results in the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations with a combined analysis of appearance and disappearance channels using data from both neutrino- and antineutrino-mode beams. The data included in this analysis comprises 7.48×1020 protons on target in neutrino mode, giving 37 electron-like and 135 muon-like events at the far detector, and 7.47 × 1020 protons on target in antineutrino mode, giving 4 electron-like and 66 muon-like events. Including a constraint on sin2(2θ13) from reactor measurements, the 90% confidence interval for δCP
spans the range [-2.95, -0.44] for the normal mass hierarchy.
Overview on neutrino electromagnetic properties
Authors: Studenikin Alexander
Published: January 2020

There is a short overview on the selected issues of neutrino electromagnetic properties with focus on existed experimental constraints and on the effect of neutrino spin precession in the transversal magnetic field and transversal matter current.
Neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca studied by CaF2(pure) scintillators
Authors: Umehara S. , Kishimoto T. , Nomachi M. , Ajimura S. , Takemoto Y. , Chan W. M. , Takihira K. , Matsuoka K. , Nakatani N. , Trang V. T. T. , Yoshida S. , Wang W. , Chan W. M. , Maeda T. , Ohata T. , Tetsuno K. , Lee K. , Lee X. , Shokati M. , Temuge B. , Akutagawa K. , Kanagawa K. , Katagiri S. , Khai B. T. , Tsuzuki M. , Yotsunaga N. , Moser M. , Ishikawa M. , Kino H. , Kinoshita E. , Sato Y. , Tamagawa Y. , Ogawa I. , Nakajima K. , Tozawa M. , Dokaku F. , Hiyama T. , Takahashi N. , Teranishi K. , Hiraoka H. , Kawasaki K. , Sato H. , Shamoto K. , Shimada M. , Iida T. , Fushimi K. , Hazama R. , Suzuki K. , Ohsumi H.
Published: January 2020

We have studied the neutrino-less double beta decay(0νββ) of 48Ca by using CaF2(pure) scintillators. Analysis for rejection of backgrounds(212Bi→ 212Po events and 208Tl events) was effective to reduce backgrounds in Qββ-value region. No events are observed in the Qββ-value region for the data of 131 days × 86 kg. It gives a lower limit (90% confidence level) of (math) > 6.2 × 1022 year (preliminary) for the half-life of 0νββ of 48Ca.
Solar neutrinos at keV energies: thermal flux1
Authors: Vitagliano Edoardo , Redondo Javier , Raffelt Georg
Published: January 2020

The neutrino flux at Earth is dominated in the keV energy range by the neutrinos produced in the Sun through thermal processes, namely photo production, bremsstrahlung, plasmon decay, and emission in free-bound and bound-bound transitions of partially ionized elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Such a component of the neutrino flux is conspicuously absent from popular analyses of the all-sources spectrum at Earth, whereas if detected it could be a source of information about solar physics. Moreover, it would be the relevant background for keV-mass sterile neutrino dark matter direct searches.
Higgs alignment of visible and dark gauge groups
Authors: Dick Rainer
Published: January 2020

We discuss a dark family of lepton-like particles with their own “private” gauge bosons वμ
and धμ
under a local SU’(2) × U’(1) symmetry. The product of dark and visible gauge groups SU’(2) × U’(1) × SUw
(2) × UY
(1) is broken dynamically to the diagonal (vector-like) subgroup SU(2) × U(1) through the coupling of two fields (math) to the Higgs field and the dark lepton-like particles. This defines a new Higgs portal, where the “dark leptons” can contribute to the dark matter and interact with Standard Model matter through Higgs exchange.
WIMP search from XMASS-I fiducial volume data with background prediction
Authors: Takeda Atsushi
Published: January 2020

XMASS-I is a single-phase liquid xenon detector located underground in Kamioka Observatory mainly aiming direct detection of dark matter. We performed a WIMP search in a fiducial volume containing 96.5 kg liquid xenon using 705.9 live days of data between November 2013 and March 2016. All events remaining in the fiducial volume after data reduction were consistent with only background prediction from careful evaluation of it. In conclusion, a 90% confidence level upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.2×10−44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2 was derived.
Radiogenic neutron background predictions in DEAP-3600 and in situ measurements
Authors: Westerdale S
Published: January 2020

Neutron-induced backgrounds are among the dominant backgrounds in many low-background experiments. One of the main processes that produce these neutrons is the (α,n) reaction occurring in detector components. We present NeuCBOT, a new tool for calculating (α,n) yields and neutron energy spectra in arbitrary materials. By combining NeuCBOT calculations with ex situ measurements of the radioactive contamination of detector components, we predict the neutron backgrounds in the DEAP-3600 WIMP detector.
The LUNA-MV facility at Gran Sasso
Authors: Prati Paolo
Published: January 2020

About 25 year ago LUNA (laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) opened the era of underground nuclear astrophysics installing a home-made 50 kV ion accelerator under the Gran Sasso mountain. A second machine, with a terminal voltage of 400 kV, was then installed and it is still in operation. Most of the processes so far investigated were connected to the physics of solar neutrinos and hence to the hydrogen burning phase in stars. The interest in next and warmers stages of star evolution (i.e. helium and carbon burning) pushed a new project based on an ion accelerator in the MV range called LUNA-MV. Thanks to a special grant of the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR), INFN is now building, inside one of the major halls at Gran Sasso, a new facility which will host a 3.5 MV single-ended accelerator able to deliver proton, helium and carbon beams with intensity in the mA range.
PandaX-III: Searching for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with High Pressure Gaseous Time Projection Chambers
Authors: Han Ke
Published: January 2020

The PandaX-III (Particle And Astrophysical Xenon Experiment III) experiment will search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) of 136Xe at the China Jin-Ping underground Laboratory II (CJPL-II). In the first phase of the experiment, a high pressure gas Time Projection Chamber (TPC) will contain 200 kg, 90% 136Xe enriched gas operated at 10 bar. Microbulk Micromegas, a fine pitch micro-pattern gas detector, will be used for charge readout and enable us to reconstruct tracks of NLDBD events with good energy and spatial resolution. With simulation, we demonstrate excellent background suppression capability with tracking information. In this proceeding, we will give an overview of recent progress of PandaX-III, including data taking of a 20 kg scale prototype TPC.
Results of the first NaI scintillating calorimeter prototypes by COSINUS
Authors: Reindl F , Angloher G , Carniti P , Cassina L , Gironi L , Gotti C , Gütlein A , Maino M , Mancuso M , Marco N Di , Pagnanini L , Pessina G , Petricca F , Pirro S , Pröbst F , Puig R , Schäffner K. , Schieck J
Published: January 2020

Over almost three decades the TAUP conference has seen a remarkable momentum gain in direct dark matter search. An important accelerator were first indications for a modulating signal rate in the DAMA/NaI experiment (today DAMA/LIBRA) reported in 1997. Today the presence of an annual modulation observed by DAMA, which matches in period and phase the expectation for dark matter, is doubtless and supported at > 9σ confidence. Despite the positive evidence from the DAMA experiment the underlying nature of dark matter is still considered an open and fundamental question of nowadays particle physics. No other direct dark matter search experiment could confirm the DAMA claim up to now; moreover, numerous null-results are in clear contradiction with DAMA under so-called standard assumptions for the dark matter halo and the interaction mechanism of dark with ordinary matter. As both bear a dependence on the target material, resolving this controversial situation will convincingly only be possible with an experiment using sodium iodide (NaI) as target, just like DAMA. COSINUS aims to even go a step further by combining NaI with a novel detection approach. DAMA and all other NaI experiments solely measure the scintillation light created by a particle interaction in the NaI crystal. COSINUS aims to operate NaI as a cryogenic calorimeter reading scintillation light and phonon/heat signal. Two distinct advantages arise from this approach, a substantially lower energy threshold for nuclear recoils and particle identification on an event-by-event basis. These key benefits will allow COSINUS to clarify a possible nuclear recoil origin of the DAMA signal with comparatively little exposure of O(100kg days) and, thereby, answer a long-standing question of particle physics. Today COSINUS is in R&D phase; in this contribution we show results from the 2nd prototype, albeit the first one of the final foreseen detector design. The key finding of this measurement is that pure, undoped NaI is a truly excellent scintillator at low temperatures: We measure 13.1% of the total deposited energy in the NaI crystal in the form of scintillation light (in the light detector).