bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modular properties of surface operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SU(2) SQCD
Authors: Ballav Sourav , John Renjan Rajan
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We study half-BPS surface operators in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetric QCD in four dimensions with gauge group SU(2) and four fundamental flavours. We compute the twisted chiral superpotential that describes the effective theory on the surface operator using equivariant localization as well as the Seiberg-Witten data. We then use the constraints imposed by S-duality to resum the instanton contributions to the twisted superpotential into elliptic functions and (quasi-) modular forms. The resummed results match what one would obtain from the description of surface operators as the insertion of a degenerate operator in a spherical conformal block in Liouville CFT.
Integrability of black hole orbits in maximal supergravity
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Zahraee Zahra
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We study the dynamics of a pair of extremal (half-BPS) black holes in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 8 supergravity, as a potentially solvable model of gravitational dynamics. As a diagnosis of hidden symmetries, we ask whether the perihelion of the orbits precesses over time. We consider black hole charge vectors with arbitrary misalignment. First, we use scattering amplitude methods to compute the leading post-Newtonian correction for general mass ratios. This computation is greatly simplified by introducing a suitable on-shell superspace. Second, we study the probe limit to all orders in velocity and Newton’s constant through a ten-dimensional brane setup. In all cases we find no precession. We relate this to the absence of scalar triangle integrals.
Photon masses in the landscape and the swampland
Authors: Reece Matthew
Published: August 2019

Abstract

In effective quantum field theory, a spin-1 vector boson can have a technically natural small mass that does not originate from the Higgs mechanism. For such theories, which may be written in Stückelberg form, there is no point in field space at which the mass is exactly zero. I argue that quantum gravity differs from, and constrains, effective field theory: arbitrarily small Stückelberg masses are forbidden. In particular, the limit in which the mass goes to zero lies at infinite distance in field space, and this distance is correlated with a tower of modes becoming light according to the Swampland Distance Conjecture. Application of Tower or Sublattice variants of the Weak Gravity Conjecture makes this statement more precise: for a spin-1 vector boson with coupling constanteand Stückelberg massm, local quantum field theory breaks down at energies at or below ΛUV= min((mMPl/e)1/2,e1/3MPl). Combined with phenomenological constraints, this argument implies that the Standard Model photon must be exactly massless. It also implies that much of the parameter space for light dark photons, which are the target of many experimental searches, is compatible only with Higgs and not Stückelberg mass terms. This significantly affects the experimental limits and cosmological histories of such theories. I explain various caveats and weak points of the arguments, including loopholes that could be targets for model-building.
SMEFT top-quark effects on ΔF = 2 observables
Authors: Endo Motoi , Kitahara Teppei , Ueda Daiki
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We investigate model independent top-quark corrections to ΔF = 2 processes for the down-type quarks within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Dimension-six ΔF = 1 operators contribute to them through renormalization group evolutions and matching conditions. We provide a complete one-loop matching formula from the top quarks for ΔF = 2 transitions. We also demonstrate these corrections on

$$ \Delta {M}_{B_s} $$

Δ

M

B
s

in the left-right symmetric model, which are compared with the conventional calculation.
Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to the Cervical Lymph Nodes: Outcomes of Compartment‐Oriented Lymph Node Resection
Authors: Rivera‐Robledo Carlos Gustavo , Velázquez‐Fernández David , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Sierra Mauricio , Pérez‐Enriquez Bernardo , Rivera‐Moscoso Raul , Chapa Mónica , Herrera Miguel F.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma after initial treatment is challenging. Surgical reintervention is recommended, but cure after surgery in uncertain and surgical morbidity may be high. This study evaluates the effect of compartment‐oriented lymph node dissection (LND) on clinical and biochemical cure rate as well as the related complications.

Patients and methods

All patients who underwent LND for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma between 2000 and 2015 were included. Demography, the extent of the initial surgery, usage of 131I, the pattern of recurrence, diagnosis, details of the surgical reintervention, histological findings, surgical morbidity, and clinical and biochemical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

There were 11 (12.7%) males and 75 (87.2%) females with a mean age of 42.8 ± 14.6 years. Seventy‐seven patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and in 67 (77.9%) some type of LN resection. In 76 (88.3%), 131I was administered after the initial surgery. We localized suspicious lymph nodes by US in all patients, and metastases were documented before surgery by FNA in 63. Seven (8.13%) patients underwent central LND, 63 (73.2%) lateral LND and 16 (18.6%) both, central and lateral LND. Major complications occurred in 6 patients (6.9%). Sixty‐two (72.0%) patients received 131I after surgery. A second surgical re‐exploration was performed in 30 (34.8%) patients, and 7 patients required 3 or more additional LND. In a mean follow‐up of 59.4 ± 39 months, 51 (59.3%) patients are clinically, radiologically and biochemically free of disease.

Conclusions

In this series, compartment‐oriented lymph node resection of recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma leads to a final clinical and biochemical disease‐free status of 59.3% with 6.9% of major complications.
Integrating routine clinical interventions with single-case methodology: Parallels, differences and bridging strategies
Authors: Tate Robyn L. , Perdices Michael , Wakim Donna
Published: August 2019

Clinical practice offers the opportunity for the clinician to be a scientist-practitioner in the workplace. This, in turn, facilitates building practice-based evidence. But this can only occur if the effects of the interventions are objectively and systematically evaluated. To this end, single-case methodology is a valuable tool to implement an intervention in a scientifically rigorous manner and gather data on treatment effectiveness. It is possible to incorporate single-case methods into routine clinical practice by using a few simple strategies. This paper examines the ways in which single-case methodology departs from (a) routine clinical practice and (b) the familiar between-groups research design, such as the randomised controlled trial. It presents five practical strategies that will bridge the gap between routine clinical practice and single-case methodology. The Model for Assessing Treatment Effect is described as providing context for and a framework to self-evaluate the scientific rigour in clinical practice and benchmark service delivery.
Online gaming and gaming disorder: more than just a trivial pursuit
Authors: Columb David , Griffiths Mark D. , O’Gara Colin
Published: August 2019

Gaming disorder is set to be included in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems alongside other behavioural addictions (gambling disorder) and substance-related addictions. Given the popularity of online gaming, this is set to become an increasingly common presentation to general mental health professionals, addiction specialists, and general practitioners. This article briefly examines online gaming and describes the characteristics of gaming disorder. Some features of online gaming that have addictive potential and similarities to other addictive behaviours such as gambling disorder are discussed. Finally, the article examines treatment options available for gaming disorder and treatment going forward from an Irish perspective.
High calcium intake from fat-free milk, body composition and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover clinical trial
Authors: Gomes Júnia Maria Geraldo , de Assis Costa Jorge , Ribeiro Priscila Vaz de Melo , Alfenas Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

We evaluated the effects of high-Ca fat-free milk v. low-Ca control diet on adiposity and on glycaemic control. Fourteen subjects with type 2 diabetes (aged 49·5 (sd 8·6) years, BMI 29·4 (sd 4·5) kg/m2, low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d)) were included in this randomised, crossover clinical trial. Subjects participated in two 12-week experimental sessions (high-Ca fat-free milk (HC) or low-Ca control (LC)) separated by 8-week washout. Subjects daily consumed in the laboratory a breakfast shake containing 700 mg (HC) or 6·4 mg (LC) of Ca. Energy-restricted diets containing 800 mg of dietary Ca/d were prescribed. Dietary records data indicated the consumption of 1200 mg of Ca/d during HC and of 525 mg of Ca/d during LC. There was a greater reduction in body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio after HC. Serum 25-hydoxyvitamin D and homeostatic model assessment-2 β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) increased, and serum uric acid, parathormone (PTH) and glycated Hb (HbA1c) concentrations reduced after HC. In addition, changes from baseline in terms of serum uric acid, glucose, HbA1c and PTH concentrations were lower, and those of HOMA2-%B, serum Ca and 25-hydoxyvitamin D were higher after the HC than after LC. The consumption of approximately three servings of fat-free milk and 1200 mg of dietary Ca/d enhanced weight loss, improved body composition and promoted glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d).
Legal Mediators: British consuls in Tengyue (western Yunnan) and the Burma-China frontier region, 1899–1931
Authors: WHEWELL EMILY
Published: August 2019

British consuls were key agents for the British imperial presence in China from 1842 to 1943. Their role, which was to perform administrative duties that protected the rights of British subjects, is most prominently remembered in connection with the east coast. Here larger foreign communities and international maritime trade necessitated their presence. However, British consuls were also posted to the far southwest province of Yunnan and the Burma-China frontier region. This article sheds light on the role of consuls working in the little-known British consular station of Tengyue, situated close to the Burma-China frontier. Using the reports of locally stationed consuls and Burmese frontier officials, it argues that consuls were important mediators of legal power operating at the fringes of empire for British imperial and colonial interests in this region. They represented British and European subjects, and were mediators in legal disputes between British Burma and China, helping to smooth over Sino-British relations and promoting British Burmese sovereign interests. The article serves to shift our attention from the British presence in China on the east coast to the southwestern frontier, demonstrate the importance of consular legal duties, and emphasize the trans-imperial nature of British legal roles across this region.
Sovereignty, Mastery, and Law in the Danish West Indies, 1672–1733
Authors: Simonsen Gunvor
Published: August 2019

In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, officers of the Danish West India and Guinea Company struggled to balance the sovereignty of the company with the mastery of St. Thomas’ and St. John's slave owners. This struggle was central to the making of the laws that controlled enslaved Africans and their descendants. Slave laws described slave crime and punishment, yet they also contained descriptions of the political entities that had the power to represent and execute the law. Succeeding governors of St. Thomas and St. John set out to align claims about state sovereignty with masters’ prerogatives, and this balancing act shaped the substance of slave law in the Danish West Indies. Indeed, the slave laws pronounced by and the legal thinking engaged in by island governors suggest that sovereignty was never a stable state of affairs in the Danish West Indies. It was always open to renegotiation as governors, with varying degrees of loyalty to the company and at times with questionable capability, strove to determine what sovereignty ought to look like in a time of slavery.
Stress effects on cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder: Does childhood trauma play a role?
Authors: Kuehl Linn K. , Schultebraucks Katharina , Deuter Christian E. , May Anita , Spitzer Carsten , Otte Christian , Wingenfeld Katja
Published: August 2019

Impaired cognitive functioning constitutes an important symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially associated with elevated cortisol levels. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) enhance the risk for MDD and can contribute to disturbances in the stress systems, including cortisol and cognitive functions. In healthy participants, cortisol administration as well as acute stress can affect cognitive performance. In the current study, we tested cognitive performance in MDD patients with (N = 32) and without (N = 52) ACE and healthy participants with (N = 22) and without (N = 37) ACE after psychosocial stress induction (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) and a control condition (Placebo-TSST). MDD predicted lower performance in verbal learning and both selective and sustained attention, while ACE predicted lower performance in psychomotoric speed and working memory. There were no interaction effects of MDD and ACE. After stress, MDD patients were more likely to show lower performance in working memory as well as in selective and sustained attention compared with participants without MDD. Individuals with ACE were more likely to show lower performance in verbal memory after stress compared with individuals without ACE. Our results indicate negative effects of MDD and ACE on distinct cognitive domains. Furthermore, MDD and/or ACE seem to enhance susceptibility for stress-related cognitive impairments.
Meteotsunami Spotted for the First Time in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: August 2019

The Persian Gulf, a region with high-end resorts and oil-related infrastructure dotting its shorelines, was hit in 2017 by weather-induced waves that rolled roughly a kilometer inland.
2019 AGU Section Awardees and Named Lecturers
Authors: Bell Robin , Holmes Mary
Published: August 2019

Eighty-two distinguished scientists receive accolades from groups representing their disciplines within AGU, the world’s largest Earth and space science society.
Alpine Glacier Shrinkage Drives Shift in Dissolved Organic Carbon Export From Quasi‐Chemostasis to Transport Limitation
Authors: Boix Canadell Marta , Escoffier Nicolas , Ulseth Amber J. , Lane Stuart N. , Battin Tom J.
Published: August 2019

The export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from catchments is considered as an important energy flux through streams and a major connection between terrestrial and aquatic systems. However, the impact that predicted hydrological changes due to glacier retreat and reduction in snow cover changes will have on DOC export from high‐mountain streams remains unclear. In this study, we measured daily runoff and DOC yield during 1 year in Alpine streams draining catchments with different levels of glacier coverage. DOC yield showed a varied response to runoff across the catchments and varied seasonally as a function of the degree of glaciation and vegetation cover. Using space‐for‐time substitution, our results indicate that the controls on DOC yield from Alpine catchments change from chemostasis to transport limitation as glaciers shrink.
Heavy Noble Gas Isotopes as New Constraints on the Ventilation of the Deep Ocean
Authors: Seltzer Alan M. , Pavia Frank J. , Ng Jessica , Severinghaus Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2019

Past studies of noble gas concentrations in the deep ocean have revealed widespread, several percent undersaturation of Ar, Kr, and Xe. However, the physical explanation for these disequilibria remains unclear. To gain insight into undersaturation set by deep‐water formation, we measured heavy noble gas isotope and elemental ratios from the deep North Pacific using a new analytical technique. To our knowledge, these are the first high‐precision seawater profiles of 38Ar/36Ar and Kr and Xe isotope ratios. To interpret isotopic disequilibria, we carried out a suite of laboratory experiments to measure solubility fractionation factors in seawater. In the deep North Pacific, we find undersaturation of heavy‐to‐light Ar and Kr isotope ratios, suggesting an important role for rapid cooling‐driven, diffusive air‐to‐sea gas transport in setting the deep‐ocean undersaturation of heavy noble gases. These isotope ratios represent promising new constraints for quantifying physical air‐sea gas exchange processes, complementing noble gas concentration measurements.
Source Parameter Variability of Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes in Japanese Subduction Zones
Authors: Chu Shanna , Beroza Gregory C. , Ellsworth William L.
Published: August 2019

The physical mechanism of intermediate‐depth earthquakes is still uncertain. Dehydration embrittlement and thermal shear heating mechanisms are the leading hypotheses, and each has been supported both by observations and experiments. Slab character is likely to affect either mechanism. We apply uniform processing to data sets from the two main subduction zones in Japan: the older, colder, and faster‐subducting Pacific plate and the younger, warmer, and slower‐subducting Philippine Sea plate. We compare the stress drops and radiated efficiencies of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in these settings and find no significant differences between the scaling of source properties. In particular, we find both an increase of stress drop and apparent stress with increasing moment for the Pacific Plate subduction in Hokkaido and for the Philippine Sea Plate subduction in Kyushu. We suggest that this, along with apparent invariance of radiated efficiency, suggests that an embrittlement process is more important in these regions than a thermal shear mechanism.
Assimilation of Remotely Sensed LAI Into CLM4CN Using DART
Authors: Ling X. L. , Fu C. B. , Guo W. D. , Yang Z.‐L.
Published: August 2019

Plant leaves play an important role in water, carbon, and energy exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. Assimilating remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) into land surface models is a promising approach to improve our understanding of those processes. Toward this goal, this study uses the Community Land Model with carbon and nitrogen components (CLM4CN) coupled with the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI data are assimilated via the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter. A random 40‐member atmospheric forcing ensemble is used to drive the CLM4CN to provide background error covariance. The results show that assimilating GLASS LAI and updating both LAI and leaf C/N is an effective method to provide a high‐accuracy estimate of LAI. The simulations always systematically overestimate LAI, especially in low‐latitude regions, with the largest bias up to 5 m2/m2, which are effectively corrected in the analyzed LAI, with the bias reduced to ±1 m2/m2. Significantly improved regions are located in central Africa, Amazonia, southern Eurasia, northeastern China, and western Europe, where evergreen/deciduous forests and mixed forests are dominant. Except for the temperate zone in the Southern Hemisphere, the analyzed LAI can well represent seasonal variations. The most pronounced assimilation impact in low‐latitude regions is attributed to large initial forecast error covariance and sufficient background errors. The MOD 16 evapotranspiration estimates and upscaled gross primary production have been used to evaluate the assimilation impact, which highlight neutral to highly positive improvement.
Aspergillus oryzae spore germination is enhanced by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Veerana Mayura , Lim Jun-Sup , Choi Eun-Ha , Park Gyungsoon
Published: August 2019

Poor and unstable culture growth following isolation presents a technical barrier to the efficient application of beneficial microorganisms in the food industry. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is an effective tool that could overcome this barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of plasma to enhance spore germination, the initial step in fungal colonization, using Aspergillus oryzae, a beneficial filamentous fungus used in the fermentation industry. Treating fungal spores in background solutions of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) with micro dielectric barrier discharge plasma using nitrogen gas for 2 and 5 min, respectively, significantly increased the germination percentage. Spore swelling, the first step in germination, was accelerated following plasma treatment, indicating that plasma may be involved in loosening the spore surface. Plasma treatment depolarized spore membranes, elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels, and activated mpkA, a MAP kinase, and the transcription of several germination-associated genes. Our results suggest that plasma enhances fungal spore germination by stimulating spore swelling, depolarizing the cell membrane, and activating calcium and MAPK signaling.
Production of a photohexapeptide library from entomopathogenic Photorhabdus asymbiotica PB68.1
Authors: Zhao Lei , Bode Helge B.
Published: August 2019

A library of new peptides named photohexapeptides was identified from entomopathogenic Photorhabdus asymbiotica PB68.1 after the NRPS-encoding gene phpS was activated via promoter exchange.
Synthesis of glycosyl chlorides using catalytic Appel conditions
Authors: Pongener Imlirenla , Nikitin Kirill , McGarrigle Eoghan M.
Published: August 2019

Good yields of α-glycosyl chlorides were obtained from glycosyl hemiacetals, using oxalyl chloride and 5 mol% Ph3PO as catalyst.
Prognostic roles of the transcriptional expression of exportins in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lubiao , Huang Yanlin , Zhou Liang , Lian Yifan , Wang Jialiang , Chen Dongmei , Wei Huan , Huang Mingsheng , Huang Yuehua
Published: August 2019

Aims: A large number of studies have suggested that exportins (XPOs) play a pivotal role in human cancers. In the present study, we analyzed XPO mRNA expression in cancer tissues and explored their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Transcriptional and survival data related to XPO expression in HCC patients were obtained through the ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Sequence alteration data for XPOs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and c-BioPortal. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).

Results: Compared with normal liver tissues, significant XPO mRNA overexpression was observed in HCC cancer tissues. There was a trend of higher XPO expression in more advanced clinical stages and lower differentiated pathological grades of HCC. In HCC patients, high expression of XPO1, CSE1L, XPOT, XPO4/5/6 was related to poor overall survival (OS), and XPO1, CSE1L and XPO5/6 were correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The main genetic alterations in XPOs involved mRNA up-regulation, DNA amplification and deletion. General XPO mutations were remarkably associated with worse OS and mostly affected the pathways of RNA transport and oocyte meiosis.

Conclusion: High expression of XPOs was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. XPOs may be exploited as good prognostic biomarkers for survival in HCC patients.
Correlation tracking via robust region proposals
Authors: Han Yuqi , Nan Jinghong , Zhang Zengshuo , Wang Jingjing , Zhao Baojun
Published: August 2019

Recently, correlation filter‐based trackers have received extensive researching interest because of their simplicity and superior running speed. However, such trackers perform poorly when the target undergoes occlusion, viewpoint change, or other challenging attributes due to pre‐defined sampling strategy. To tackle these issues, the authors propose an adaptive region proposal strategy to facilitate object tracking. To be more specific, a novel tracking monitoring indicator is advocated to forecast tracking failure. Afterwards, detection and scale proposals were incorporated, respectively, to recover from model drift as well as handle aspect ratio variation. The algorithm was tested on several challenging video sequences, which demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art trackers.
Chronisch-persistierende Neurolues mit epileptischen Anfällen, distaler Neuropathie und kognitiver Einschränkung trotz wiederholter antibiotischer Therapie
Authors: Karrasch Matthias , Pfister Wolfgang , Baier Michael , Axer Hubertus , Witte Otto W. , Nürnberger Matthias
Published: August 2019

Eine 55-jährige Patientin stellte sich zur Abklärung eines generalisierten epileptischen Anfalls in der zentralen Notaufnahme unseres Universitätsklinikums vor. Im Rahmen der weiteren Untersuchungen fielen kognitive Einschränkungen und eine axonal-demyelisierende Polyneuropathie auf. Laborchemisch war initial lediglich eine leichte Pleozytose in der Liquoruntersuchung auffällig. Im Rahmen der weiteren Abklärung der klinischen Beschwerden und der Liquorpleozytose konnte bei der Patientin infektionsserologisch eine chronisch-persistierende Treponema-pallidum-Infektion gesichert werden. Die gleiche Diagnose konnte anschließend auch bei dem Lebenspartner der Patientin gestellt werden. Bei generalisierten epileptischen Anfällen, zunehmenden kognitiven Einschränkungen und axonal-demyelinisierender Polyneuropathie unklarer Genese sollte eine Neurolues differenzialdiagnostisch erwogen und eine Liquoruntersuchung durchgeführt werden.
Nicht invasive Hirnstimulation und Furchtextinktion
Authors: Herrmann Martin J. , Mühlberger Andreas , Ehlis Ann-Christine , Deckert Jürgen , Polak Thomas
Published: August 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel: Obwohl stress- und angstbedingte Störungen weit verbreitet sind, ist die Wirksamkeit entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen nicht optimal. In jüngster Zeit wurde in einer Reihe von Studien der zusätzliche Nutzen einer nicht invasiven Hirnstimulation (NIBS) bei der Psychotherapie von Angsterkrankungen untersucht. Um die Effektivität der Hirnstimulation in Kombination mit einer Psychotherapieweiter zu verbessern, ist es notwendig, die Modulation von therapierelevanten Lernprozessen besser zu verstehen.

Material und Methode: In diesem systematischen Review werden die Studien dargestellt, die eine Modulation der Furchtextinktion beim Menschen mittels NIBS untersuchen.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 7 Studien identifiziert und analysiert werden, die entweder die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) oder die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) bei der Furchtextinktion verwenden.

Schlussfolgerungen: Das Review zeigt, dass mittels NIBS das Extinktionslernen verbessert werden kann. Die Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse in klinische Studien wurde bereits begonnen, sodass damit zu rechnen ist, dass in den nächsten Jahren genauere Informationen zu den optimalen Stimulationsparametern vorliegen.
Angst und Panik
Authors: Feldker Katharina , Notzon Swantje
Published: August 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel: Die Forschung zu den neuronalen Korrelaten von Angst und Panik hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterentwickelt. Seit 1989 Gormans Hypothese zur Neuroanatomie der Panikstörung erschien, wurden viele Studien in den Bereichen Bildgebung und Neurochemie durchgeführt.

Material und Methoden: Wir geben eine Übersicht über die Datenlage zu funktionellen Netzwerken bei Angst und Panik mit einem Schwerpunkt auf funktionellen Bildgebungsstudien.

Ergebnisse: Für das Verständnis der Panikstörung ist von einem komplexen Modell multipler neuronaler Netzwerke mit Beteiligung von weitaus mehr Hirnregionen als zunächst angenommen auszugehen. Ein mögliches erweitertes neuro­anatomisches Netzwerkmodell der Panikstörung umfasst den präfrontalen Kortex, den zingulären Kortex, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Insel, Hirnstamm, Hippocampus, Amygdala und den Bed Nucleus der Stria Terminalis. Neurochemisch ist eine Vielzahl von Neurotransmittern an der Entstehung der Panikstörung beteiligt.

Schlussfolgerungen: Für das Verständnis der funktionellen Netzwerke bei Angst und Panik sind interdisziplinäre Forschung sowie eine dimensionale und transdiagnostische Herangehensweise essenziell.
„Aufsuchende Psychotherapie“ für Patienten mit schwerer Agoraphobie
Authors: Plag Jens , Liebscher Carolin , Fehm Lydia , Lueken Ulrike , Gagel Detlev E. , Fydrich Thomas , Ströhle Andreas
Published: August 2019

Die Agoraphobie ist eine häufige Angsterkrankung und kann durch die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) effizient behandelt werden. Für Patienten, die aufgrund einer schweren Symptomausprägung die eigene Wohnumgebung nicht selbstständig verlassen können, ist jedoch häufig die Aufnahme einer ambulanten Psychotherapie unmöglich. Das Pilotprojekt der „aufsuchenden Psychotherapie“ bietet deshalb in Berlin eine manualbasierte KVT an, die im häuslichen Bereich der Betroffenen beginnt. Den Schwerpunkt der Behandlung bildet eine 5-wöchige Intensivphase, in der durch eine Expositionstherapie die Mobilität der Patienten zeitnah wieder hegestellt und so die Fortsetzung der KVT im Rahmen der ambulanten Regelversorgung ermöglicht werden soll. Das speziell für diese Patientengruppe konzipierte Therapiemanual wird im Verlauf des Projekts kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt, um es möglichst optimal auf die Bedürfnisse der Patienten zu adaptieren und so eine größtmögliche Behandlungssicherheit herzustellen. Ziel des Projekts ist es, dass eine aufsuchende Komponente bedarfsgerecht als Teil der ambulanten KVT etabliert und finanziell adäquat durch die Kostenträger kompensiert wird.
Psychotherapie der Angststörungen
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich , Rieger Maria , Favreau Mathias
Published: August 2019

In der Behandlung von Angststörungen gibt es sehr gute empirische Belege für die Wirksamkeit kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie, insbesondere bezgl. Expositionsbehandlung. Als pharmakologische Behandlung von Angststörungen werden SSRIs und SNRIs als Pharmakotherapie der Wahl empfohlen. Dennoch gibt es einen Anteil an Patienten, die von der gängigen Therapie nicht ausreichend profitieren oder eine Behandlung ablehnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst das aktuelle psychotherapeutische Vorgehen für die einzelnen Angststörungen beschrieben. Aktuelle Forschungsfelder zur Weiterentwicklung der Psychotherapie sowie alternative verhaltenstherapeutische Therapieverfahren und Modalitäten werden anschließend erläutert. Der Einsatz von Achtsamkeit und ACT bei Angststörungen, neue Expositionsmöglichkeiten durch virtuelle Realität, internetbasierte Therapieangebote, Anregungen zur Expositionspraxis anhand des inhibitorischen Lernens, Besonderheiten in der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie die Umsetzung von Kurzzeittherapieprogrammen werden vorgestellt.
Beidseitige periorbitale Gesichtsschwellung
Authors: Kern Coralie , Rotter Nicole , Lammert Anne
Published: August 2019

Wir berichten über den seltenen Fall einer beidseitigen periorbitalen nekrotisierenden Fasziitis (PONF) bei einem 86-jährigen Patienten und dessen erfolgreicher Therapie basierend auf einer breit angelegten intravenösen Antibiose, frühzeitigem radikalen chirurgischen Débridement und zweizeitiger plastischer Rekonstruktion.
Bordetella Pertussis Antibody Levels in DPT/Pentavalent Immunized Preschool Nigerian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bassey Glory Ekpo , Ekanem Emmanuel Eyo , Okpara Henry Chima , Eyong Komomo Ibor
Published: August 2019

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease and antibodies formed are known to decline with time. The aim of this study was to measure Bordetella pertussis/toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in different age groups of Nigerian children and determine the age at which booster dose may be required. A total of 422 children, aged 6 to 60 months, were tested for the presence of B. pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay). The highest positivity rate was in the 6 to 11 months of age group, while the highest negativity rate was in the age group of 24 to 35 months. We conclude that B. Pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies response is weak in Nigerian children after three doses of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus)/pentavalent vaccination, and there is a rapid decline of antibody levels between 12 and 35 months. We recommend that booster vaccination should be given at 12 to 15 months of age.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Rooming-in and Breastfeeding in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal
Authors: Avram Carmen M. , Yieh Leah , Dukhovny Dmitry , Caughey Aaron B.
Published: August 2019

Objective Our cost-effectiveness analysis investigated rooming-in versus not rooming-in to determine optimal management of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal (NOW).

Study Design A decision-analytic model was constructed using TreeAge to compare rooming-in versus not rooming-in in a theoretical cohort of 23,200 newborns, the estimated annual number affected by NOW in the United States. Additional considerations included the effect of breast milk versus formula milk in evaluating the need for pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were needed for pharmacotherapy and neurodevelopment. We assumed a societal perspective in evaluating costs and maternal-neonatal quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Model inputs were derived from literature and varied in sensitivity analyses.

Results Rooming-in resulted in fewer neonates requiring pharmacotherapy when compared with not rooming-in. The rooming-in group had more neonates with intact/mild neurodevelopmental impairment and fewer cases of moderate to severe impairment. Rooming-in resulted in cost savings of $509,652,728 and 12,333 additional QALYs per annual cohort. When the risk ratio of need for pharmacotherapy in rooming-in was varied across a clinically plausible range, rooming-in remained the cost-effective strategy.

Conclusion Maternal rooming-in with newborns affected by NOW leads to reduced costs and increased effectiveness. Management strategies should optimize nonpharmacological interventions as first-line treatment.
Vibration-induced floatation of a heavy liquid drop on a lighter liquid film
Authors: Pototsky Andrey , Oron Alexander , Bestehorn Michael
Published: August 2019

We carry out a theoretical study of vibration-induced saturation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for an isolated liquid drop on the surface of a less dense finite-thickness carrier film. Without vibration, a heavy drop falls through the carrier film by forming a stretching liquid column until the bottom tip of the column reaches the solid substrate and the carrier film ruptures. We show that an externally applied vertical vibration prevents the rupture of the film and enables stable flotation of the drop. A hydrodynamic model is used to study the effect of inertia on the long-time dynamics of the drop. It is shown that rupture can only be prevented when the Reynolds number is nonzero.
Numerical study of droplet formation in the ordinary and modified T-junctions
Authors: Li Xinlong , He Liqun , He Yi , Gu Hailin , Liu Minghou
Published: August 2019

This work presents a flexible manipulation solution on droplet formation based on the modified T-junction with a rectangular rib to reduce the droplet size and improve monodispersity. The droplet formation in the ordinary and modified T-junctions is numerically investigated using the verified three-dimensional volume of fluid method. The results reveal that the modified T-junction can significantly enlarge the dripping regime and droplet-generable regimes while decreasing the jetting regime. In the modified T-junction, the droplet detachment is much easier as the detachment driving forces are strengthened, while the resistance forces are weakened. By investigating the droplet formation in the ordinary and different modified T-junctions with change in viscosity, surface tension, and wall wettability, it is found that the dominant geometric factor affecting the droplet formation is the rib height, not the rib width. Based on the rib height, two modified scaling laws are proposed to predict droplet size in squeezing and dripping regimes. The wall wettability can deteriorate the droplet formation in the ordinary T-junction, while the rib in the modified T-junction can weaken this adverse effect.
Charm-quark decays violate charge–parity symmetry
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: August 2019

In the quest to understand how particles behave differently from their antiparticles, the LHCb experiment has a promising new result.
Germany’s most visited museum struggles to complete renovations
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: August 2019

A preeminent museum of inventions reinvents itself to explore the social relevance of scientific and technological progress.
Proteomic analysis of axillary buds of sugarcane at different cutting stages: evidence for alterations in axillary bud gene expression
Authors: Maranho Rone C. , Benez Mariana M. , Maranho Gustavo B. , Neiverth Adeline , Santos Marise F. , Carvalho Ana Lúcia O. , Gonela Adriana , Mangolin Claudete A. , Machado Maria de Fátima P. S.
Published: August 2019

Productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crops varies at each cutting stage, reaching critical rates close to the fifth cut (fourth ratoon). Knowledge of proteins involved in the regrowth of sugarcane within the cutting process is important for the development of cultivars with greater longevity. The present study presents new information that the proteome of axillary buds is changed in successive cuts in sugarcane culture. Proteins were identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation–quadrupole–time-of-flight) mass spectrometry and the Mascot tool. A reduction in the number of proteins was evident in the axillary buds of the fifth cut, as well as a reduction in the number of proteins exclusively detected in the axillary buds with the first cut, an indicator of reduction in the expression of genes that may be essential for the stability of culture development. The reduction in agricultural productivity, sprouting and tillering at advanced stages of the sugarcane crop is accompanied by alterations in axillary-bud gene expression, where <50% of the proteins (47.65%) were detected in both the first (plant cane) and in the fifth (fourth ratoon) cutting stage, whereas >50% (52.35%) were expressed in either the axillary buds of the plant cane or the axillary buds of the fourth ratoon. All MS data are available via jPOST and ProteomeXchange with identifiers JPST000331 and PXD007957, respectively.
First molecular phylogeny of Laevicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) with description of a new species of Lynceus from Chile and an updated key to species in the Americas
Authors: Sigvardt Zandra M. S. , Rogers D. Christopher , De los Ríos Patricio , Palero Ferran , Olesen Jørgen
Published: August 2019

The first molecular phylogeny of Lynceus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata) is presented together with a description of a new species of laevicaudatan branchiopod from Chile, Lynceus huentelauquensis, sp. nov. DNA sequences were obtained from six species of Lynceus using freshly collected specimens from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia and combined with GenBank sequences from previous studies. Specimens of the new species were collected from a pool on the Huentelauquén Plains near Huentelauquén City. Our molecular analyses placed L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. within Lynceus and close to a cluster of Australian species, and revealed morphological misidentifications, cross-contamination, or incorrect upload in earlier GenBank sequences. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is separated from other Lynceus primarily by the morphology of the rostrum and the male claspers. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is the first described laevicaudatan from Chile, the sixth from South America, and the 13th from the Americas. The morphology of laevicaudatans from the Americas is reviewed and an updated key to the (male) Lynceidae of the region is provided. Our study highlights the necessity of a revision of Laevicaudata using multiple genetic markers as well as thorough morphological studies on a greater number of taxa. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A783D96-B270-40DF-8361-11BA063C9A0F
Relationships between nitrogen removal processes and functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil in a horizontal surface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Zhu Yinuo , Li Jing , Cai Zhangjie , Li Wei , Lei Yinru , Zhang Manyin , Cui Lijuan
Published: August 2019

Plant species could significantly affect the nitrogen removal processes mediated by microorganisms in constructed wetlands. However, the links between nitrogen removal processes in the rhizosphere and the related functional microorganisms in a horizontal surface flow constructed wetland in winter remain poorly understood. In this study we collected 24 rhizosphere soils from Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis to evaluate potential nitrogen removal activities, namely the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and their relationship with functional genes (i.e. nitrate reductase, nirS, and ammonia mono-oxygenase, amoA, of ammonia-oxidising archaea, AOA, and ammonia-oxidising bacteria, AOB) in denitrifiers and nitrifiers in winter. DEA and PNR were significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil of T. orientalis than P. australis, which was due to the higher abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the rhizosphere of T. orientalis. AOB were the major predictor of PNR in rhizosphere soil of T. orientalis, whereas AOA were more important for P. australis. In addition, denitrifiers containing the nirS gene were found to be the main drivers of DEA, and AOA and AOB also contributed to the denitrification process in the rhizosphere soil of both plants. Furthermore, the abundance of nitrifiers was significantly affected by the C:N ratio, soil organic matter and moisture, whereas the abundance of denitrifiers was affected by soil moisture and pH.
Increasing throughput in x-ray computed tomography measurement of surface topography using sinogram interpolation
Authors: Körner Lars , Lawes Simon , Bate David , Newton Lewis , Senin Nicola , Leach Richard
Published: August 2019

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that has recently gained interest as a tool to measure surface topography. Large acquisition times are a major shortcoming of XCT. One contributing factor to the acquisition time is that a measurement can require the acquisition of thousands of radiographic projections. This paper explores the combined effects of undersampling, i.e. taking fewer radiographic projections and sinogram interpolation, i.e. estimating the missing radiographic projections by interpolation. Different degrees of sinogram interpolation are investigated through the measurement of the surfaces of a metal, additively manufactured part. The quality of the measurement result is assessed via the analysis of the reconstructed volumes, through the computation of quantitative indicators of spatial resolution and noise, and via the analysis of surface topographies extracted from the reconstructed volumes. The quality of the surfaces is assessed through the use of statistical models designed to estimate repeatability errors in the reconstruction, and through the computation of surface texture parameters. Results obtained with no undersampling and no sinogram interpolation are taken as reference. It is shown that noise in the volumetric reconstruction increases with respect to the reference with larger degrees of undersampling, but the increment can be partly compensated by sinogram interpolation with the effects on spatial resolution more difficult to interpret. The computation of surface texture parameters results in similar values for all but one case, the largest undersampling. The topography of the reconstructions indicate that the repeatability error remains similar in all experimental conditions, excluding the case of largest undersampling. Overall, the results indicate that a reduction of the acquisition time of XCT topography measurement is feasible. However, the obtained surface topographies suffer, and large undersampling creates unrecoverable negative effects on the spatial resolution, the noise characteristics and the obtained topographies, even when sinogram interpolation is used.
Reverberation in a narrow relativistic line Seyfert galaxy
Authors: Kalli S , Zoghbi A
Published: August 2019

Seyfert galaxy NGC 5506 is an excellent target for X-rays reverberation, since its spectrum shows both narrow and broad components of the Kα Iron line, and its AGN shows strong X-rays variability. Using different XMM-Newton satellite observations, we study the spectrum in the energy band 2-10 keV.
Synchrotron Emission and Self-Absorption in GRB Afterglows
Authors: Zouaoui E , Mebarki N
Published: August 2019

GRBs are the most energetic phenomena in the universe. For this, two types of shocks were suggested for the prompt emission and the jet within the medium environment. In this work we try to treat the radiation of the GRB afterglows by synchrotron emission mechanisms. Moreover, by ignoring the diffusion of the Inverse Compton scattering, the absorption effect like synchrotron self-absorption is also studied and discussed.
Generalized Störmer and dynamical behavior of charged particles near magnetic planet
Authors: Leghmouche A , Mebarki N
Published: August 2019

We study the motion of charged dust grains at arbitrary distants from a rotating magnetic planet,we show that the model treated for dipole field is an excellent approximation in most cases for a generalized Stormer problem, But that fundamentally new physics arises with the inclusion of a quadrupolar magnetic term. In particular,the appearence of a new trajectories for different kind of charged dust grains,which are meaningful when the individual and a comparable impact of the co-rotational and gravitational fields is considered.Furthermore,a detailed mathematical treatment of equilibrium state for various phase spaces for charged components in prograde or retrograde rotation direction with analytical solutions for a non linear parametric system.
Lyra black holes and Hawking radiation
Authors: Bouhallouf Habiba
Published: August 2019

Sen and Dunn constructed a field equation which is analogous to Einstein’s field equations based on the Lyra’s geometry and gave series type solution to the static vacuum field equations which correspond to black holes. In this work, the Hawking radiation near the trapping horizon of Lyra black holes is derived and the obtained results are discussed.
Transport in exclusion processes with one-step memory: density dependence and optimal acceleration
Authors: Teomy Eial , Metzler Ralf
Published: August 2019

We study a lattice gas of persistent walkers, in which each site is occupied by at most one particle and the direction each particle attempts to move to depends on its last step. We analyse the mean squared displacement (MSD) of the particles as a function of the particle density and their persistence (the tendency to continue moving in the same direction). For positive persistence the MSD behaves as expected: it increases with the persistence and decreases with the density. However, for strong anti-persistence we find two different regimes, in which the dependence of the MSD on the density is non-monotonic. For very strong anti-persistence there is an optimal density at which the MSD reaches a maximum. In an intermediate regime, the MSD as a function of the density exhibits both a minimum and a maximum, a phenomenon which has not been observed before. We derive a mean-field theory which qualitatively explains this behaviour.