bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic Chemicals from Wood: Selective Depolymerization and Dearomatization of Lignin via Aqueous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lindenbeck Lucie , Barra Vanessa , Dahlhaus Sira , Wende Luca , Beele Björn , Schebb Nils , Rodrigues Bruno , Slabon Adam
Published: October 2023

Replacing crude oil as the primary industrial source of carbon-based chemicals has become crucial for both environmental and resource sustainability reasons. In this scenario, wood arises as an excellent candidate, whilst depolymerization approaches have emerged as promising strategies to unlock the lignin potential as a resource in the production of high-value organic chemicals. However, many drawbacks, such as toxic solvents, expensive catalysts, high energy inputs, and poor product selectivity have represented major challenges to this task. Herein, we present an unprecedented approach using electrocatalysis for the simultaneous depolymerization and dearomatization of lignin in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. By employing water/sodium carbonate as a solvent system, we demonstrated a pathway for selectively depolymerizing lignin under reductive electrochemical conditions using carbon as an electrocatalyst. After reductive electrocatalysis, the presence of aromatic compounds was no longer detected via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further characterization by NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry revealed the major presences of sodium levulinate, sodium 4-hydroxyvalerate, sodium formate, and sodium acetate as products. By achieving a complete dearomatization, valuable aliphatic intermediates with enhanced reactivity were selectively obtained, opening new avenues for further synthesis of many different organic chemicals, and contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy.
A SURVEY OF FACIAL GENDER CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology,  Longowal, Punjab (India), Laxmi Priya
Published: October 2023

: Gender is the most critical demographic attribute of human beings. Gender classification from facial images is widely used in computer vision for surveillance, a straightforward task for humans, and a challenging task for machines. This paper provides a study of facial gender classification in the field of computer vision. We highlight the challenges faced during the image capturing process due to factors such as illumination, angle, occlusion, and expressions. We also review various feature extraction approaches used by previous researchers to perform the facial gender classification task. This paper also compares the performances of previous methods on various face datasets to perform gender classification. We observed from the previous studies that good performance had been achieved for a dataset of facial images taken in a controlled environment. However, much more work needs to be done to increase the accuracy and robustness of facial gender classification, especially in uncontrolled environments.
AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING INFANTS’ DISEASES USING CLIPS.
Authors:   Deanship of Admissions and Registration  University of Hafr Al-Batin  Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia, Khaled Wail Hamood
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a knowledge-based system to help parents diagnose some of their children's diseases at an early stage and to give them insight into whether they should see a doctor. It covers the most common diseases encountered by pediatric specialists, such as intestinal obstruction, dehydration, anemia, etc. An overview of these diseases is provided, the etiology of the disease is outlined, and treatment suggestions for the most common diseases are given when possible. CLIPS was used to develop the proposed expert system.
Biogenesis, inheritance, and 3D ultrastructure of the microsporidian mitosome
Authors: Hacker Christian , Sendra Kacper , Keisham Priyanka , Filipescu Teodora , Lucocq James , Salimi Fatemeh , Ferguson Sophie , Bhella David , MacNeill Stuart A , Embley Martin , Lucocq John
Published: October 2023

During the reductive evolution of obligate intracellular parasites called microsporidia, a tiny remnant mitochondrion (mitosome) lost its typical cristae, organellar genome, and most canonical functions. Here, we combine electron tomography, stereology, immunofluorescence microscopy, and bioinformatics to characterise mechanisms of growth, division, and inheritance of this minimal mitochondrion in two microsporidia species (grown within a mammalian RK13 culture-cell host). Mitosomes ofEncephalitozoon cuniculi(2–12/cell) andTrachipleistophora hominis(14–18/nucleus) displayed incremental/non-phasic growth and division and were closely associated with an organelle identified as equivalent to the fungal microtubule-organising centre (microsporidian spindle pole body; mSPB). The mitosome–mSPB association was resistant to treatment with microtubule-depolymerising drugs nocodazole and albendazole. Dynamin inhibitors (dynasore and Mdivi-1) arrested mitosome division but not growth, whereas bioinformatics revealed putative dynamins Drp-1 and Vps-1, of which, Vps-1 rescued mitochondrial constriction in dynamin-deficient yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Thus, microsporidian mitosomes undergo incremental growth and dynamin-mediated division and are maintained through ordered inheritance, likely mediated via binding to the microsporidian centrosome (mSPB).
Performance and robustness analysis reveals phenotypic trade-offs in yeast
Authors: Trivellin Cecilia , Rugbjerg Peter , Olsson Lisbeth
Published: October 2023

To design strains that can function efficiently in complex industrial settings, it is crucial to consider their robustness, that is, the stability of their performance when faced with perturbations. In the present study, we cultivated 24Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains under conditions that simulated perturbations encountered during lignocellulosic bioethanol production, and assessed the performance and robustness of multiple phenotypes simultaneously. The observed negative correlations confirmed a trade-off between performance and robustness of ethanol yield, biomass yield, and cell dry weight. Conversely, the specific growth rate performance positively correlated with the robustness, presumably because of evolutionary selection for robust, fast-growing cells. The Ethanol Red strain exhibited both high performance and robustness, making it a good candidate for bioproduction in the tested perturbation space. Our results experimentally map the robustness–performance trade-offs, previously demonstrated mainly by single-phenotype and computational studies.
ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICA EM MANUAIS DO ENSINO SUPERIOR EM QUÍMICA: NOMENCLATURA E ALQUIMIA
Authors: Teixeira Yana Bárbara da Silva , Lira Priscila Duarte de , Antunes Ettore Paredes
Published: October 2023

Para graduandos em Química, é importante ter uma perspectiva histórica da formação dessa ciência a fim de compreender os processos de quebra de paradigmas que levaram ao estabelecimento de saberes e ao abandono de teorias alquímicas. Com esse objetivo – de abordagem da perspectiva histórica –, esta pesquisa analisou a presença de discussões acerca da ruptura com a alquimia e a construção da nomenclatura química, presentes nos principais manuais (livros) de Química utilizados no Brasil para o Ensino Superior. Os manuais foram selecionados observando-se as ementas de três universidades públicas para as disciplinas de Química Geral, Físico-Química, Química Analítica e Química Orgânica. A partir disso, os textos e recursos visuais relacionados ao tema definido, ou que mencionassem a construção do conhecimento como um complexo processo, foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Constatou-se que, por seu caráter expositivo, os manuais praticamente não apresentam tais discussões, apresentando a nomenclatura de forma a-histórica e atemporal, o que não permite aos estudantes reconhecer a revolução científica que deu origem à Química. Dessa forma, cabe a professores e a disciplinas específicas, quando existentes na grade curricular, a função de promover a formação crítica e reflexiva dos futuros cientistas.
NO CULTIVO DE UMA OFICINA COM ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA INDÍGENA: A SOBERANIA DE UM SABER DA MATEMÁTICA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Ludvig Isadora Cristina , Flores Cláudia Regina , Wagner Débora Regina
Published: October 2023

O Grupo de Estudos Contemporâneos e Educação Matemática (GECEM) elabora e desenvolve oficinas com matemática, arte, professores e estudantes para exercitar e reivindicar outros modos de fazer educação matemática com arte, nas escolas e nos espaços de formação. Este artigo apresenta os detalhes de uma oficina produzida a partir de uma obra do artista indígena Jaider Esbell, desenvolvida com estudantes de Ensino Fundamental da Escola Básica Professora Herondina Medeiros Zeferino, localizada em Florianópolis/SC. O intuito da oficina é problematizar as imagens naturalizadas da e sobre a matemática que, no ambiente escolar, acontece como efeito da colonialidade do saber, sendo, ao mesmo tempo, uma possibilidade para que os modos e os meios sejam interrogados, visto que reiteradamente se insiste em um único viés de ensino, de aprendizagem e de matemática na escola.
PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES SOBRE SABERES E EXPLICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICOS DE ESTUDANTES EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Pereira Elrilene da Cruz , Marques Clara Virgínia Vieira Carvalho Oliveira
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo trata de um recorte de pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar as percepções de um grupo de professores de ciências do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Rede Pública de Ensino de Codó – Maranhão, no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento da elaboração de explicações científicas construídas por seus alunos durante o processo da educação científica, com o intuito de compreender a dinâmica da prática docente sobre a mediação em cima dos argumentos científicos trabalhados no chão da escola. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso, utilizando-se do instrumento da entrevista para obtenção dos dados. Os resultados e discussões alcançados por meio análise de conteúdo revelaram que os professores compreendem a importância do preparo profissional e do planejamento do trabalho docente reflexivo em relação à elaboração e ajustes das explicações científicas construídas pelos alunos. A maioria deles destacou o conhecimento científico como ferramenta fundamental para as suas aulas e para o sucesso da aprendizagem de ciências. No entanto, ficou perceptível que a vivência do trabalho científico na dinâmica escolar ainda é superficial. Portanto, sugerimos que a formação docente e a dinâmica escolar ainda precisam ser melhoradas, principalmente para intensificar a possibilidade de assegurar linguagem e argumentação científica aos alunos dessa localidade.
MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO SOBRE HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA EM CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Costa Leticia Baluz Maciel , Silva Neto Benjamim Cardoso da
Published: October 2023

A presente pesquisa se trata de um mapeamento sistemático que tem como objetivo mapear pesquisas de periódicos que realizaram estudos acerca da análise, da situação, da caracterização e da presença de disciplinas que versam sobre a história da matemática em cursos de licenciatura em matemática brasileiros. É uma pesquisa qualitativa e se estrutura em torno de um mapeamento sistemático realizado com buscas em duas bases de dados, o Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e a plataforma SciELO durante o mês de janeiro de 2023. Foram encontrados sete artigos científicos que analisaram projetos de cursos, ementários, programas, matrizes curriculares e planos de disciplinas de instituições de ensino superior de todos os estados brasileiros, e que apontaram ênfases nos estados do Ceará, Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul e Minas Gerais. Constatou-se a importância de que os cursos apresentem disciplina específica sobre ou meios de abordagens de temáticas sobre a história da matemática, história da educação matemática e história para o ensino de matemática, tendo em vista a sua relevante importância para a formação de professores.
DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA CRIANÇAS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PROPOSTAS DE ATUAÇÃO AMBIENTAL APRESENTADAS NA REVISTA CIÊNCIA HOJE DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Almeida Laiane Morais de , Sousa Carlos Erick Brito de
Published: October 2023

Ao longo dos anos, a divulgação científica e a educação ambiental vêm sendo alvo de muitas discussões e pesquisas no mundo todo, evidenciando a preocupação com a forma como as informações científicas e ambientais estão sendo divulgadas ao público geral, bem como sobre os materiais utilizados para essa divulgação. Nesse sentido, esses estudos apontam o texto de divulgação científica como potencial recurso didático para auxiliar no processo de difusão desses conhecimentos por tratar de temáticas atuais de forma clara e objetiva. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo analisa as propostas de atuação ambiental apresentadas nos textos da Revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e de tipologia documental, na qual realizamos um estudo a partir do referencial da análise de conteúdo. A análise foi realizada em 34 revistas que correspondem às edições de junho de 2018 a junho de 2021, totalizando 81 textos que compõem o nosso corpus de análise. Em nossas análises, constatamos que a divulgação científica das questões ambientais na revista partem de uma concepção conservacionista do meio ambiente, priorizando os aspectos físicos e biológicos da crise ambiental, preocupando-se demasiadamente com a resolução de problemas ambientais, deixando de apresentar reflexões significativas sobre as relações sociais e políticas que são intrínsecas à questão ambiental, resultando numa leitura considerada simples, superficial e despolitizada do meio ambiente aos seus leitores.
Revisiting Inequality and Caste in State and Social Laws: Perspectives of Manu, Phule and Ambedkar
Authors: Sanil Akanksha
Published: October 2023

The Constitution, as a formal legal document, reflects a commitment to secure to all citizens, Equality, Justice, and Liberty, as a non-negotiable duty of the State. The nature and context of present society, however, is embedded in its socio-cultural development through civilisations. This study aims to engage with such a manifestation of state power as revealed in the text Manavdharmashastra, that marked the origin of codified social laws to derive legitimacy and establish a ‘divine’ authority to rule. Subsequently, the pioneers to critique the dysfunctions of Manu’s social laws became a subject of interrogation by social reformers like Jyotirao Phule and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. Methodologically, our effort will be to weave together an intertextual analysis based on scientific observation of the case of caste subaltern, through three widely acknowledged texts—Manusmriti, Phule’s Slavery (Gulamgiri), and Ambedkar’s Annihilation of Caste, on ideals of society and governance, in order to present a historical legacy into the origins of social hierarchy as an institutional mechanism to perpetuate inequality among subjects. The aim is to develop an approach to evaluate the ancient political thought of Manusmriti, and probe contradictions and realism in actions, with explicit excerpts of relevant texts, to authenticate the credibility of facts and its alignment with the central thought. The article eventually attempts to suggest alternatives to secure the vision of an ideal Indian society that aims to disintegrate the institution of caste.
Синтез, строение и свойства 4-метил-N-[2-(пентафторфенилиминометил)фенил]метилбензолсульфамида и комплекса меди(II) на его основе
Authors: Власенко В.Г. , Бурлов А.С. , Николаевский С.А. , Ширяева А.А. , Мащенко С.А. , Кискин М.А.
Published: October 2023

Новые азометиновое соединение 4-метил-N-[2-(пентафторфенилиминометил)фенил]метилбензолсульфамид и комплекс Cu(II) на его основе получены и охарактеризованы методами 1Н ЯМР, ИК-спектроскопии и элементного анализа. Кристаллическая структура азометина и его комплекса изучены методом рентгеновской монокристальной дифракции. По данным РСА установлено, что комплекс Cu(II) кристаллизуется в триклинной пространственной группе Р–1, элементарная ячейка содержит две кристаллографически независимые моноядерные молекулы с близкой геометрией. Ионы меди в комплексе имеют искаженное тетраэдрическое окружение из четырех атомов азота, сформированное двумя бидентатно координированными азометиновыми лигандами. По данным магнетохимических измерений установлено, что комплекс Cu(II) является парамагнитным.
Determinants of the Professional Decision-Making Behaviors of Social Workers in Social and Economic Support Services in Turkiye
Authors: ACAR Burak , ÖZBAYRAK Gamze , YAMAN Ömer Miraç
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the decision-making of social workers through their professional experience. The qualitative research method and case study design were employed in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of twenty participants and the data obtained has been descriptive analyzed. Eight key elements have been identified that have an impact on the participants’ decision-making process. The chief elements of social workers’ included: descriptions, assessment phase, previous experiences, worldviews and ideologies, education, professional experiences and practice, exchanging ideas with their colleagues, and their own institutional and non-institutional expectations. Emotions and culture also form the social worker’s professional decision. The mentioned factors are a rule rather than an exception and these factors make it difficult for the social worker to develop rational decisions. To prevent these effects, the social worker should be aware of the transition between personal and professional values and take the responsibility to deal with them.
Correlation of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein (PAPP-A) in Serum and Follicular Fluid with Oocyte and Embryo Quality in PCOS and non-PCOS Women Undergoing ICSI Cycle
Authors:   High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Salim Altimimi Zeena , Ali Jwad Mufeda ,   High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Abdulwahid Mohammed Amal ,   High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Published: October 2023

Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein (PAPP-A) is a zinc metalloproteinase in the insulin growth factor system (IGFs) produced by the syncytiotrophoplast region of the placenta. It plays a critical function in the cleavage of IGFBP4. In the ovary IGFs, it regulates follicular and oocyte maturation, and steroidogenesis. While in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia it causes follicular environment changes and early ovulation resulting in lower oocyte and embryo quality in patients and this will decrease the success of pregnancy in women enrolled in the ICSI cycle. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of PAPP-A levels in serum and follicular fluid in women with PCOS and non-PCOS with oocyte and embryo quality in women undergoing ICSI cycle. 45 infertile Iraqi women were enrolled. Women with PCOS had to meet at least two of the three criteria set by the Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRMS criteria, the age of the included women ranged between 20-45 years. In non-PCOS patients, PAPP-A has higher level in serum and follicular fluid but without a statistically significant difference matching with PCOS group. In addition, there was no significant correlation between PAPP-A levels in serum and follicular fluid with oocytes and embryo characteristics. However, PAPP-A levels are higher in serum and follicular fluid in women with positive pregnancy but without significant differences. PAPP-A had no correlation with oocyte and embryo quality.
EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY IN TEACHING SPANISH (FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zuev Mikhail B.
Published: October 2023

Mastering foreign languages is traditionally one of the ways of obtaining universal competencies in the educational process. The choice of studying Spanish as a component of the trend of continuity of education leads to the need to create an individual educational route. The article examines the ways of forming the educational trajectory of teaching Spanish in the context of the development of intercultural communication and the increasing need of an individual for personal improvement. The study demonstrates the possibilities of choosing the forms of learning a foreign language in the Russian and Spanish educational systems, which contributes to the development of universal and, accordingly, professional competencies necessary for personal growth. The leading factor for building an individual educational route is the need for communication in foreign languages, hence the priority of the communicative method as the main form of organization of foreign language teaching. The paper considers the peculiarities of foreign language teaching styles, their connection with educational historical and cultural traditions and information technologies. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the forms of linguistic and non-linguistic education in Russia and Spain, which helps to form an individual educational route for the student. The result of the study demonstrates for the student the possibilities of obtaining linguistic and non-linguistic education in domestic and foreign teaching practices and building an individual educational route taking into account personal needs and professional motivations.
Increased density of Thalassiosira sp with different doses of silicate fertilizer
Authors: Erlangga Erlangga , Andira Ayu , Erniati Erniati , Mahdaliana Mahdaliana , Muliani Muliani
Published: October 2023

The research was conducted in 11-25 July 2020 at Water Quality and Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Malikussaleh. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) non factorial with 4 treatments and 3 replications. With treatment A: culture of Thalassiosira sp with 15 ppm silicate fertilizer, treatment B: culture of Thalassiosira sp with 17 ppm silicate fertilizer, treatment C: culture of Thalassiosira sp with 19 ppm silicate fertilizer, treatment D: culture of Thalassiosira sp with 21 ppm silicate fertilizer. The result showed that the effect of silicate fertilizer with different dosage gave a different significant to cells Thalassiosira sp density and significantly different to cells Thalassiosira sp peak populasion. The highest average cell density value was found in treatment A (15 ppm) of 419,10 x 104 cells/ml, then treatment B (17 ppm) of 256,67 x 104 cells/ml, followed by treatment C (19 ppm) of 216,29 x 104 cells/ml and treatment D (21 ppm) of 102,90 x 104 cells/ml. The highest cell populasion peak is found in treatment A (15 ppm) of 689,67 x 104 cells/ml, then treatment B (17 ppm) of 389,33 x 104 cells/ml, followed by treatment C (19 ppm) of 388 x 104 cells/ml and treatment D (21 ppm) of 156 x 104 cells/ml. the water quality of the study in standard condision is pH 6,9-8, salinity 32 ppt, light intensity 800-2500 lux, and temperature 25-290C.Keywords: Density; Thalassiosira; silicate
Functional properties from nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) frame protein hydrolysis
Authors: Prasetyo Dwi Yanuar Budi , Setyastuti Aryanti Indah , Kresnasari Dewi , Apriliani AGS Dwi
Published: October 2023

This study was to determine the functional properties of fish protein hydrolysis produced from tilapia frame. This study used a factorial design where the first factor was different types of proteolytic enzymes (E1 = bromelain, E2 = papain) and the second factor was different hydrolysis time (T1 = 5 hours, T2 = 6 hours) and was carried out with 3 replications. The results of the analysis showed that the different types of enzymes and hydrolysis time had a significant difference on the yield, degree of hydrolysis, proximate, viscosity, and protein solubility. This product has the potential to be used as food additives that can give special function properties so further research needs to be carried out to investigate these special functional properties for health and reduce the fat content that can affect the self-life product.Keywords: Functional properties; Protein hydrolysis; Nile tilapia frame
Induction of Oodev Hormone to increase Gonad Maturity Rate Female Betta Fish (Betta splendens) Through Feed
Authors: Lestari Tuti Puji , Farida Farida , Merli Merli
Published: October 2023

Betta fish are freshwater ornamental fish that are very popular and have quite high economic value, but the reproductive process still depends on the spawning season, so an increase in reproductive potential is needed. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the role of each induction Oocite development (Oodev) hormone in the diet to betta fish female final maturation process and morphology gonads. Completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications.The main factors are Oodev hormone dosage: 0.0 mL.kg-1 fish weigh; 0.5 mL.kg-1 fish; 1.0 mL.kg-1 fish; 1.5 mL.kg-1 fish and 2.0 mL.kg-1 fish. We used 135 female broodstock with an initial weight range ± 1-2.15 g.ekor-1 and at stage II of gonad maturation. Fish were fed three a day at 07.00 am, 12.00 am, and 05.00 pm at satiation level during 45 days. During the final maturation, gonad morphology, survival rates, and water quality were observed. The results show that Oodev hormone induction could improve final maturation up to 266.66%. This result is comparatively higher than 0.0 mL.kg-1 and 0.5 mL.kg-1 fish hormone induction and produces 100% of mature broodstock. Thus, the Oodev hormone induction at optimal dose of 1.16 mL.kg-1 of fish can improve the induction maturation up to 2-3 times faster maturation frequency on the out of spawning seasonKeywords:Female Betta splendens; final maturation; Oodev; feed
Grafting Success of Çakıldak Hazelnut Cultivar on Corylus Colurna L. Seedling Rootstock in Spring and Summer Periods
Authors: ATEŞ Banu Demirel , BALTA Fikri
Published: October 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the grafting success of hazelnut on Corylus colurna L. seedling rootstock in the spring and summer periods in Ünye, Ordu.
Materials and Methods: The rootstock material was 2-3 years old Corylus colurna L. seedlings. The scion was Çakıldak (Corylus avellana L.) cultivar. For three years (2020-2022) in the spring, whip grafting on five different dates (4 April, 11 April, 18 April, 25 April and 2 May) and patch budding on three different dates (2 May, 9 May and 16 May) were applied under unheated high plastic tunnel conditions. Daily fresh scions and stored scions (SS) at 4°C were used for whip grafting. For two years (2020 and 2021), Corylus colurna L. seedlings were grafted with patch budding technique on 3 different dates (August 6, August 13 and August 20) under open field conditions. Graftings and buddings were made directly on the tubed seedlings.
Results: The success and shoot development in whip grafting and patch budding in the spring were significantly affected by grafting dates over three years. Whip graftings gave the most successful results using SS on April 4 (93.3%) and April 11 (86.6-93.3%) in 2020 and 2022. They developed shoots between 171.8 cm and 212.2 cm depending on year, grafting date and scion type. Patch buddings in the spring gave in the most successful results on 16 May 2020 (93.3%) and 16 May 2022 (83.3%). They developed shoots between 150 cm and 218, depending on year and grafting date. Patch buddings in summer resulted in the highest success on 20 August 2020 (93.6%) and 20 August 2021 (80%). Their shoot developments were between 206 cm and 228, depending on year and grafting date.
Conclusion: As a result, successful results were obtained from grafting trials of Çakıldak hazelnut cultivar on Corylus colurna L. rootstock in the spring and summer periods under Ünye ecological conditions. It has been evaluated that the data will contribute to the establishment of the hazelnut nursery sector and will shed light on future research.
Tüketici Etnosentrizminin Yerli Ürün Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Türk Menşeili Fındıklı Çikolata Markaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Derya
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin Türk menşeili fındıklı çikolata markalarını satın alma niyetleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye’de ikamet eden 18-65 yaş arası fındıklı çikolata tüketen kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem kitlesini, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 943 fındıklı çikolata tüketicisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde öncelikle ölçeklere güvenilirlik, geçerlilik ve faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin yönü ve büyüklüğü pearson korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Son olarak ise, değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır.

Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırma sonucunda, tüketicilerin büyük çoğunluğunun fındıklı çikolata ürünlerine karşı marka sadakati geliştirdikleri ve alışverişlerinde ürünün menşei ülke bilgisine dikkat ettikleri görülmüştür. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda, tüketici etnosentrizmi ile yerli ürün satın alma niyeti arasında pozitif yönde ve yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçları tüketici etnosentrizminin yerli ürün satın alma niyetini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda işletmelerin stratejik kararlar alırken tüketicilerin fındıklı çikolata tüketim tercihleri ve yerli ürünlere bakış açıları hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalarının, fındıklı çikolata pazarında rekabet avantajı elde etmelerine ve bu yönde pazarlama stratejileri geliştirmelerine katkı sağlayabileceği ifade edilebilir.
Farklı Saklama Süresi ve Sıcaklıklarının Fındıkta (Corylus avellana L.) Polen Canlılığı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: KİLİN Özkan , BİLGİLİ Melse Su , ÇETİNBAŞ GENÇ Aslıhan
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 2 fındık genotipi ve 2 fındık çeşidine (Corylus avellana L.) ait polen taneleri için en uygun polen saklama sıcaklığını belirlemek ve polen saklama işlemi için en uygun genotipi ve çeşidi tespit etmektir.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Corylus avellana L.’nın ‘Sarı’ ve ‘Yomra’ genotipleri ile, ‘Palaz’, ve ‘Kara fındık’ çeşitlerine ait polen taneleri Akçakoca/Düzce'den toplandıktan sonra 20 °C, 4 °C ve -20 °C’de 45 gün boyunca saklanmış ve 0., 15., 30. ve 45. günlerdeki polen canlılık oranları floresein diasetat/propidium iyodür protokolüne göre belirlenmiştir.

Araştırma bulguları: Tüm örneklerde polen canlılık oranları, saklama süresi ve saklama sıcaklığı arttıkça azalmıştır. 20 °C’de saklama polen canlılığının hızla azalmasına neden olmuştur. 4 °C’de saklama tüm örnekler için yeterli canlılık oranları sağlasa da en uygun saklama sıcaklığı -20 °C olarak belirlenmiştir. Polen saklama için en uygun olan genotipin ‘Sarı’, çeşidin ise ‘Palaz’ olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm örnekler arasında saklama için en uygun örneğin ‘Sarı’ genotipi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Elde edilen bulguların fındıkta yapay ya da tamamlayıcı tozlaşma süreçleri ile ilgili çalışmalar için yararlı olabileceği ve türün tozlaşma ve döllenme biyolojisi gibi önemli yaşamsal süreçlerde ortaya çıkan kısıtlayıcı faktörlerin çözümlenmesine katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Tombul Fındıkta Rehabilitasyon Uygulamalarının Verim ve Kaliteye Etkileri
Authors: KARAGÖL Selim , İSLAM Ali
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Ordu ilinde yaşlanmaya yüz tutmuş Tombul fındık bahçelerinde rehabilitasyon uygulamalarının verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Yöntem: 2019-2020 yıllarında iki yıl süre ile 2 farklı ilçede 3 farklı bahçede yürütülen bu araştırmada her bahçe kontrol ve rehabilitasyon alanı olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Araştırma sahasında 2 şer dekar veya 100 er ocak olacak şekilde parseller oluşturulmuştur. Kontrol parselinde üreticiler geleneksel uygulamalarına devam etmiş, rehabilitasyon parsellerinde ise fındık için modern tarım teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Toprak ve bitki besin elementleri analizleri, gübreleme, zirai mücadele işlemleri, budama ve dip sürgünlerinin alınması, yabancı ot mücedelesi deneme süresince düzenli bir şekilde yapılmıştır. Denemede, verim ve meyve kalite parametreleri incelenmiştir.

Araştırma Bulguları: Rehabilitasyon parsellerindeki verim değerleri kontrol parsellerine göre daha yüksek çıkmış ve bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Rehabilitasyon parsellerindeki kontrole göre verim artışı değerleri bitki başına ilk yıl %67 ikinci yıl ise %60 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benzer şekilde rehabilitasyon uygulamaları kontrole göre GKAV değerlerini ilk yıl %29.8, ikinci yıl ise %53.8 oranında artırmıştır. İki yıllık bulgular ışığında rehabilitasyon ve kontrol parsellerinde sırasıyla, meyve ağırlığı 2.46- 1.98 g, iç oranı %56.34 - %49.12, kabuk kalınlığı da 1.00 – 1.03 mm değerlerinde çıkmış olmakla birlikte rehabilitasyon uygulamalarının anılan özellikler üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli çıkmamıştır.

Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular rehabilitasyon uygulamalarının bahçelerde önemli verim artışı sağlayacağını, üreticiler ve bölge ekonomisi açısından önemli katkılar sunacağı kanısındayız. Bununla birlikte rehabilitasyon uygulamaları bitkilerde kusurlu meyve oranını azalttığı için meyve kalite özellikleri üzerine olumlu etki yapmaktadır.
Fındık Meyvesi ile Yaprakların Mineral Bileşimleri Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: TARAKÇIOĞLU Ceyhan
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, geleneksel ihraç ürünümüz olan fındığın mineral bileşimleri ile yaprakların besin element içerikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Ordu yöresinde kırk adet fındık bahçesinden Tombul ve Palaz fındık çeşitlerine ait yaprak ve meyve örnekleri alınmış ve bu örneklerde bazı besin element analizleri yapılmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Fındık meyvesinin ortalama %2.90 azot (N) ve %15.36 protein içerdiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada fındık meyvesinin 100 gramında ortalama 333 mg fosfor (P), 451 mg potasyum (K), 172 mg kalsiyum (Ca), 161 mg magnezyum (Mg), 1.31 mg sodyum (Na), 4.27 mg demir (Fe), 3.04 mg bakır (Cu), 2.45 mg çinko (Zn), 6.67 mg mangan (Mn) ve 1.44 mg bor (B) içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre ise N, P, K, Mg, Zn ve B bakımından fındık bitkisinin farklı oranlarda yetersiz beslendiği saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Tombul ve Palaz fındık çeşitlerinde meyvenin mineral bileşimleri ile yaprakların besin element içerikleri arasında önemli ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Her iki çeşitte fındık meyvesi ile yaprakların P, Ca ve Mn içerikleri arasında önemli pozitif; meyvenin Ca içeriği ile yaprakların P içerikleri arasında önemli negatif ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.
Kabuklu Fındık Meyvesinde Derin Öğrenme Tabanlı Kusurlu Meyvelerin Tespiti
Authors: KIVRAK Oğuzhan , GÜRBÜZ Mustafa Zahid
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, fındıktaki kaliteyi artırabilmek amacıyla kabuklu fındıkta kusurlu olanları manuel bir süreç olmaktan çıkartıp otomatik olarak tanımlanması için bir yöntem geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çatlak, kırık, delik gibi kusurlu fındıkların derin öğrenme tabanlı bir yapay zeka modeli ile sınıflandırması amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılacak veri kaynağı için cep telefonu vasıtasıyla fotoğraf çekilmesi suretiyle veriler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Kayıt altına alınan veriler bir etiketleme uygulaması sayesinde kusurlu ve sağlam olmak üzere 2 sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Son olarak etiketlenen veriler test, validasyon ve eğitim olmak üzere 3 parçaya ayrılmıştır. Facebook firmasının geliştirmiş olduğu Detectron2 uygulaması üzerinde Faster R-CNN modeli çalıştırılmıştır.

Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmada dijital dönüşüm adımı olarak bir görüntü işleme teknolojisiyle kusurlu ve sağlam fındıklar mAP ölçeğine göre %92 başarı ile tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Fındıkta kaliteyi ve randımanı arttırmak için sağlam fındık ile kusurlu fındığın ayıklanması gerekmektedir. Bu süreçte bir karar destek sistemi olarak görüntü işleme ile kusurlu fındığın tespit edilmesi çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan deney sonuçlarına göre kusurlu fındığın %92 başarı ile tespit edildiği gösterilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma kusurlu fındığın ayıklama sürecinde yardımcı bir yapay zeka uygulaması olarak kullanılabilecektir.
Dünya Fındık Üretiminde ABD’nin Yeri ve Geleceği
Authors: ERDOĞAN Veli
Published: October 2023

ABD’de fındık tarımının %99’u Oregon eyaletinin Willamette vadisinde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Vadide ağaçların ölümüne yol açan fındık yanıklığı hastalığı (EFB: Anisogramma anomala) yaygındır ve ancak yoğun ilaçlama sayesinde üretim yapılabilmektedir. Sökülen bahçeler nedeniyle üretim alanı 1990’larda azalma eğilimine girmiştir. Öte yandan Oregon State Üniversitesinde (OSU) ıslah çalışmaları sayesinde son 20 yılda önemli değişimler yaşanmıştır. Gassaway çeşidinde genetik dayanıklılık keşfedilmesi ve genin aktarılarak Jefferson, McDonald, PloyO ve Yamhill gibi verimli ve kaliteli yeni çeşitler geliştirilmesi fındık tarımını kurtarmış ve yeni bir ivme kazandırmıştır. Doku kültürleri tekniği ile hızla çoğaltılan bu çeşitler ile 2012 yılından itibaren plantasyonlarda hızlı bir artış gerçekleşmiş ve üretim miktarı 77.500 tona ulaşmıştır. Dikili alan toplamı 2023 itibariyle 376.000 dekara çıkmıştır ancak bunların 1/3’ü henüz verim çağında değildir. Bu nedenle önümüzdeki 5-10 yıl içinde üretimin 100.000 tonu geçmesi beklenmektedir. Yeni bahçelerde sık dikim (6x3m), yer üstü ve yer altı damla sulama, fertigasyon, makinalı budama gibi modern teknikler uygulanmaktadır. Öte yandan, ABD’nin doğusunda Rutgers Üniversitesinde (New Jersey) 1996 yılında başlayan fındık ıslahı çalışmaları OSU ile iş birliği halinde devam etmektedir. 2020 yılında tescil edilen, soğuklara ve EFB’ye dayanıklılığını Corylus americana’dan alan Beast çeşidinin adaptasyon çalışmaları devam etmektedir. Daha önceden aşırı soğuk ve EFB baskısı nedeniyle fındığın yetiştirilemediği ABD’nin doğu ve orta eyaletlerinde fındık yetiştirilmeye başlanması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle, uzun vadede üretimde büyük artış yaşanabileceği ve ABD’nin dünya fındık üretiminde söz sahibi olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.
Using Virtual Outcrop Models as a Geological Learning Media
Authors: Fajar M. Haris Miftakhul , Widodo Amien , Puswanto Eko , Alfany Marsha Khairia , Wirayudhatama Mahendra , Abdullah Fikri
Published: October 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors due to a new wave of technology rising shortly, specifically geological learning models. Using research and development methods, the research aims to develop more scientific observations as a provision for pre-field work activities at Geophysical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Furthermore, we need a media that can provide learning that can emphasize process skills and students' abilities to determine and understand the objective concepts of material. Virtual outcrop models integrated with video learning platform can fulfil the learning process by providing experience in observations outcrops directly in the class. A three-dimensional (3D) Virtual Outcrop Model (VOMs) was created using the photogrammetry software Agisoft PhotoScan based on photos taken in the field using smartphones and drones. The existence of this media is expected to add direct experience to visualize how geological phenomena occur in nature. The learning activities are divided into four sequential stages: observation, data collection, interpretation, and hypothesis giving. 87% of respondents stated that learning models using VOMs and videos can boost their knowledge of scientific observation. This learning method can help improve academic achievement because it applies technology implementation in theory and practice, providing geological information to us
Hematological Response Studies of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) Fed with Fermented Feed on the Fermentation of Kelakai Leaves (Stenochlaena palustris)
Authors: Fauzana Noor Arida , Redha El , Aminah
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional value of fermented feed on kelakai leaves that are feasible as climbing perch feed and the hematological response of climbing perch raised by fermentation-based feeding of kelakai leaves. The study was carried out using an experimental method on the maintenance of climbing perch which was fed based on fermented leaves with 5 treatments and 3 tests. The parameters observed are the nutritional content of feed based on fermented leaves and hematological responses which include erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values. The results of the research on the nutritional content of feed showed that fermented feed on kelakai leaves has a protein content of 27%-31%, crude fiber content of 4%-7%, water content of 12%-14%, ash content of 11%-13%, fat content of 4%-6%. It was concluded that there was a decrease in fiber content and fat content and an increase in protein content, water content, and ash content. It happens gradually in line with the increase in probiotic dose. The results of the study on the hematological response of climbing perch are erythrocytes range from 1.65-3.91, leukocytes range from 223.23-287.43, hematocrit ranges from 15.30-35.07 and hemoglobin ranges from 5.37-10.33. The results of the proximate analysis of feed based on the fermentation of kelakai leaves showed that the values of water content, ash content, crude fiber, protein, and fat were in the recommended range. The hematological response of climbing perch shows good results and is in the normal range.
Implementation of Electronic Module Based Multiple Representation on Buffer Solution Materials to Improve Students’ Self-Regulated Learning and Cognitive Learning Outcomes
Authors: Syam Irfan Kamaludin , Louise Isana Supiah Yosephine
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine the differences between self-regulated learning (SRL) and cognitive learning outcomes (CLO) of students who use multiple representation-based e-modules with students who use other teaching materials without being based on multiple representations on buffer solution materials and to determine the percentage of effective contribution. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIPA at one of the high schools in Yogyakarta. The sampling technique carried out is cluster random sampling with a quasi-experiment method by posttest-only control group design. The instruments used are questionnaires on self-regulated learning and cognitive learning outcomes. The data analysis technique used in the field test results used Hotelling's Trace test and the results of effective contribution were obtained from the Partial Eta Squared value. The results showed that the significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 was rejected, which means that there are differences in SRL and CLO of students between students who use multiple representation-based e-modules and students who use other teaching materials without multiple representations based on buffer solution materials. The percentage of effective contribution of the use of e-modules to SRL by 16.5%, CLO by 11.8%, and SRL and CLO by 20.3%.
Chemistry Students' Mathematics Ability and Their Understanding of Buffer Solution
Authors: Habiddin Habiddin , Nagol Irene Lusita
Published: October 2023

Mathematics's role in solving chemical phenomena has been well known. Basic mathematical operations such as integral, logarithm and differentiations are the tools for communicating chemistry concepts. This paper describes the effect of chemistry students' mathematical ability on understanding buffer solutions. 56 First-year university chemistry students at a public University in Malang, East Java, taking basic chemistry modules involved in this study. The respondents participated on a voluntary basis after getting a piece of comprehensive information about the study. An equivalent basic mathematical skill test (BMST) and Buffer Solution Test (BST) was implemented for data collection. This study found a positive correlation between students' mathematical ability and success in answering relevant buffer solution questions. The contribution of mathematical knowledge in predicting chemistry students' success in answering relevant buffer solution questions was also essentially high.
Analysis of The Critical Thinking Style of Prospective Biology Teachers Students
Authors: Syahfitri Jayanti
Published: October 2023

The critical thinking style that a person has will determine the extent of critical thinking skills. This study aims to look at differences in the critical thinking styles of biology teacher candidates based on academic level. The method applied in this study is non-experimental with a comparative design. The instrument used was the Yanpiaw Creative-Critical Style Test which was given to a number of prospective biology teacher students from semester 2, semester 4, semester 6 and semester 8 as respondents. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the average critical thinking style between students in semester 2 and semester 6 (sig. 0.011 < 0.05) and between semester 2 and semester 8 (sig. 0.029 < 0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that academic level or level does not always affect a person's critical thinking style, but it is also possible due to academic majors, behavior style, ethnicity (culture). Therefore, it is important for an educator to provide learning methods and media that are able to support the development of students' critical thinking styles
Way of Biology Teachers to Train HOTS to the Students in Online Learning Process
Authors: Ulfah Aulia Hermawati , Retnawati Heri , Supahar Supahar
Published: October 2023

The implementation of HOTS in the learning process is considered capable of improving the quality of education in Indonesia. However, in online learning conditions, there are many obstacles and limitations to training HOTS in Biology lesson. This study aims to describe biology teachers' knowledge, preparation, and implementation of HOTS training during online learning. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology. This study involved 12 Biology teachers at SMA and SMK in West Java. The data collection technique is carried out through interviews via WhatsApp Call. The data analysis technique used is through reduction, data review, and conclusions drawing. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the teacher’s understanding of HOTS learning is still weak, and the implementation of HOTS training during online learning is still not optimal. The most widely used learning model is Problem based Learning. The constraint implementation of online HOTS training is inseparable from the online learning barriers, but teachers also continue to try to handle these barriers with various solutions.