bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research process on deep learning methods for heart sounds classification
Authors: Wu Weifeng , Zhang Yongqian , Xu Qianfeng , Zhao Jiuzhou , Yan Rongguo
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are still the primary threats to people’s health around the world. Automatic heart sound classification technology, as a fast and efficient means for diagnosis and treatment, is of great clinical significance. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning algorithms are widely used in automatic heart sound classification. This paper reviewed the key technologies related to the automatic classification of heart sounds in recent years, including heart sound denoising, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification recognition. The classification and recognition technologies related to deep learning are presented in detail, with a focus on the application and development of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network, as well as various combination models for heart sound classification in the past five years.
Marketing Strategy Research for Liuzhou River Snail Noodles on European and American Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms
Authors:   School of business,Guangxi University,100 Daxue Road ,Nanning, Guangxi Province, China, SUN QI ,   seven_0618@163.com, HUANG YUTING ,   School of business,Guangxi University,100 Daxue Road ,Nanning, Guangxi Province, China;manon_huang@163.com
Published: October 2023

With the continuous development of globalization and digitalization, cross-border e-commerce platforms have become an effective means of promoting and selling distinctive products in European and American countries. This study focuses on the marketing strategy of Liuzhou River Snail Noodles, a traditional Chinese delicacy, on cross-border e-commerce platforms in Europe and America. Through in-depth market research, consumer behavior analysis, and the collection of online sales data, we explore the market potential and challenges of Liuzhou River Snail Noodles on cross-border e-commerce platforms in European and American countries. The research reveals that Liuzhou River Snail Noodles possess a unique taste and cultural appeal, attracting the interest of a portion of European and American consumers. However, successfully marketing Liuzhou River Snail Noodles on cross-border e-commerce platforms requires overcoming multiple obstacles, including language and cultural differences, food safety standards, and logistics. Therefore, the development of practical market promotion strategies and brand building is crucial. Finally, this study offers several recommendations, including customized product packaging, active engagement on social media, and the establishment of partnerships, to assist Liuzhou River Snail Noodles in achieving success on cross-border e-commerce platforms in European and American countries. This research provides valuable insights and guidance for the promotion of Chinese specialty cuisine in international markets.
The Application Research of Balanced Scorecard in Corporate Performance Management: A Case Study of Boshen Corporation Limited
Authors: SUN QI
Published: October 2023

With the continuous integration of management accounting practices within enterprises, there has been ongoing innovation in performance assessment methodologies. The balanced scorecard, a pivotal tool within management accounting, assumes a significant role in evaluating an organization's strategic performance. It facilitates the harmonious amalgamation of financial management and business development, offering a comprehensive depiction of the company's operational landscape. By means of feedback mechanisms and effective problem-solving, the balanced scorecard contributes to the company's sustained evolution. This study centers on the case of Boshen Co., Ltd., delving into the current application landscape and identified challenges in corporate performance assessment. It subsequently presents precise recommendations, aiming to furnish guidance and insights towards the establishment of an impeccable strategic performance evaluation framework for the company.
Comparative sonographic assessment of the spleen in individuals with and without sickle cell anaemia in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Alaneme LN  , Ugwu NI  , Orji MO  , Akhigbe AO  , Ugwuegbu JU  , Isiozor I
Published: October 2023

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) is a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa and commonly affects the spleen, with associated increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of the spleen in patients with HbSS in steady state and to compare findings with those of individuals with normal adult haemoglobin (HbAA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study. Haemoglobin phenotypes were determined using haemoglobin electrophoresis. The spleen was scanned using transabdominal ultrasonography. Splenic size and parenchymal echotexture were assessed. Data was analysed with SPSS software, version 20.

Results: One-hundred-and-twenty participants were recruited for the study, made up of 60 patients with HbSS and 60 age-and-sex-matched individuals with HbAA. They were made up of 54 (45%) males and 66 (55%) females, aged 2 to 32years, with mean age of 15.78 ±7.2 years for HbSS and 15.80 ±7.5years for HbAA participants. Thirteen (21.7%) patients with HbSS had autosplenectomy, 7 (11.7%) had splenomegaly, 6 (10%) had shrunken spleens, while 34 (56.7%) had normal sized spleens. All the participants with HbAA had normal splenic size with age. Of the 47 patients with HbSS whose spleen were visualized, 20 (42.6%) had abnormal splenic echotexture, whereas all the 60 (100%) participants with HbAA, had normal echotexture. There was significant difference in splenic echotexture in patients with HbSS compared to those with HbAA (p <0.05).

Conclusion: A number of patients with HbSS have abnormal splenic size and echotexture compared to those with HbAA. There should be adequate follow up of patients with HbSS to prevent possible resultant splenic complications.
A Structural Equation Model of Governing Factors Influencing the Development of Sustainable Insurance Product in the Future
Authors: Ismalina Poppy , Junarsin Eddy , Maftuchah Istiana
Published: October 2023

Designing and proposing sustainable insurance programs to insurance companies that run their businesses in Indonesia have been one of the insurers’ approaches to creating more stable and certain industry climate. Moreover, the Indonesian Financial Services Authority or OJK encourages financial services sector actors in creating, developing sustainable product innovations, and supporting financing of production activities that can create economic growth, social justice and environmental quality improvement. We conduct survey and analyze whether insurance companies in Indonesia are interested in implementing sustainable finance in insurance industry and developing sustainable insurance products. Participants’ responses depict insurance firms’ paradigm on sustainable insurance. In this study a framework is proposed for governing factors that impact the development of sustainable insurance product in the future such as the level of knowledge, readiness, and current sustainable insurance product development. To clarify the relationships, a structural equation model is utilized to examine the framework fit with the hypothesis for the four latent variables of this study. Acceptable goodness of fit is established for validity of the measurement model. The test of validity is accepted for the structural model in this study. The SEM results conclude that an insurer’s knowledge of sustainable finance principles affects the insurance firm’s readiness to implement sustainable insurance. Subsequently, the insurer’s readiness affects its current level of sustainable insurance product development. Eventually, the insurer’s knowledge and current development in sustainable insurance products have a positive effect on the insurance firm’s willingness to develop sustainable insurance products in the future. Thus, this study provides valuable information about factors affecting the development of sustainable insurance products in the future as a key for a successful implementation of sustainable finance in Indonesian insurance industry.
Expanding opportunities for social language and social inclusion among adult learners
Authors: Case Rod , Nall Matthew
Published: October 2023

This article explores how research on the teaching of pragmatics, specifically as it relates to the use of explicit and implicit instruction, can serve as a guide for expanding the instruction of social language to immigrant students in Australia as well as other students. The curriculum and expectations from the Australian Migrant English Program (AMEP) are used as an example, but teachers working in similar programs can benefit as well. Several activities specific to explicit and implicit instruction are used to illustrate how to teach social language to learners from beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels of proficiency.
The Traces of Spice Trade in Malay Text Records in the Riau Archipelago
Authors: Priyo Joko Purnomo
Published: October 2023

The 18th until 19th century was a golden period/era of Riau Islands as a hub of spices trade in western Nusantara (Indonesia). In geographical aspect, Riau Islands border Malaka Strait to the west and the South China Sea to the north, so that this region was known as the gate of the world spices trade to Nusantara. The major commodities from Riau Islands is gambier which flourish in Tanjungpinang and catch the world’s attention. Foreigners who came and did trade in this region were welcomed by Malay society. A warm and dynamic interaction by Malay people with foreigners like Chinese, Arabs, and Indians generated certain cultural acculturation. That was proof that foreign culture was adapted to the prevailing culture of Malay society in the Riau Islands. This research aims to probe the trace of the spices trade in Riau Island which is written in Malay text in the form of hikayat, syair, and text about medicine and traditional medication. Several things discussed in this research are 1) the forms of cultural acculturation, 2) the uses of spices commodities, and (3) the roles of the spices trade center in the Riau Islands. The finding shows that the cultural interaction of Malay society in the Riau Islands is related to the history and the regional role as the gate and the hub of the world spices trade.
Effect Analysis of Quality Control Circle on Improving the Qualification Rate of Bowel Preparation for Electronic Colonoscopy in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ma Xincheng , PENG Lei
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of quality control circle activities on enhancing the qualified rate of bowel cleansing before electronic colonoscopy in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 200 patients from the Department of Gastroenterology at our hospital were selected as study subjects during the second quarter of 2022. The quality control circle management group conducted focused discussions to comprehensively evaluate the current situation, analyze underlying factors, calculate the qualified rate of bowel preparation, and implement appropriate control measures. Conclusion: The qualified rate of bowel preparation significantly improved after the implementation of the quality control circle activities, with statistical significance (P < 0.05).
Analysis of risk factors for subcutaneous emphysema after urology department of Da Vinci robotic surgery and risk model construction
Authors: XING Yanzi , MA Xincheng
Published: October 2023

This study aims to retrospectively analyze the incidence of postoperative subcutaneous emphysema in patients with Da Vinci robotic surgery, in order to clarify the influencing factors, and establish a risk prediction model, early prevention and early intervention treatment, so as to reduce the occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema and further development of harm to patients. By selecting 120 patients in our hospital and divided into control group and experimental group according to the requirements, the risk factors of subcutaneous emphysema were observed and analyzed. Finally, there were statistical differences in age, operation duration, repeated access into human tissue, and pneumoperitoneum pressure (P <0.05). Finally, by controlling the variable factors and effective postoperative care, reduce the occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema in urology robotic surgery.
Photo journals with refugee youth: Methodological reflections of conducting research during the pandemic
Authors: Gonzalez Emilia , Ruiz-Casares Monica
Published: October 2023

The use of visual methods as a research tool has increased worldwide, along with the need to understand the nuanced and contextual benefits, challenges, and risks of their use. Based on participatory approaches, visual methods can offer an adaptable, interactive, and critical way of engaging with refugee young people, making research more accessible and representative. In Montreal, the COVID-19 pandemic forced programs, services and research involving refugee young people to adapt to meet the needs of this population while respecting physical distancing guidelines. Little is known about the strengths and challenges of using visual methods in the context of physical distancing, especially with refugee young people. In this paper, we describe some of the strengths and challenges of using photo journals, a form of visual methods, with refugee young people (11-17 years old) to document their experiences participating in Say Ça!, a Montreal community-based mentoring program, during the pandemic. Six young people participated in photo journals and individual interviews, and 11 volunteers participated in focus group discussions. The journals prompted young people to describe themselves, their favourite moments at Say Ça! and moments when things did not go as planned. In the findings, we describe opportunities and challenges of using photo journals to engage migrant young people in research during the pandemic. Photo journals facilitated building a rapport with young people, overcoming communication challenges, ensuring valid consent throughout the study, and addressing power dynamics between participants and researchers. Challenges included recruitment, confidentiality, and study logistics. In this paper, we present key lessons learned from using photo journals as a method to capture the perspectives of refugee young people. We argue that by including the views of service users, programs may gain a richer understanding of the elements that contribute to refugee young people wellbeing and, ultimately, help improve community-based support for this population in Montreal and other welcome programs.
“Going hybrid on a dime”
Authors: Snyder Kristen , Johnson Michael , Snyder Karolyn
Published: October 2023

This study contributes to research on Quality in Education and examines what possibilities now exist for schools to reinvent and transform using technology-based systems as part of the equation. It is speculated that the pandemic has changed the future of work emphasizing hybrid solutions and networking. The purpose of this article is to present findings from phase two of the qualitative case study to examine what happened to a private school when it went “hybrid on a dime” to maintain attractive quality education.
Examining the impact of tourism on economic growth in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Akyürek Salim , Allen Richard David William , Bahcelerli Nesrin Menemenci
Published: October 2023

Examining the impact of tourism on economic growth in the Republic of South Africa (1995–2020) is the subject of this thesis. Tourism is widely recognized as one of the factors that contributes to a country's long-term economic development and helps to raise average income per person across the board. In this regard, international tourism makes a lot of positive contributions to economic growth in a variety of ways. One of the most fundamental reasons why tourism is so important is that money from tourism helps cover the country's need for foreign currency and, as a result, contributes to the reduction of the balance of payment deficit. Argue that, in addition to the information previously stated, the tourism industry contributes to economic development in a number of different ways. For example, tourism profits can be invested in fixed assets; tourism promotes a competitive market and investments in new facilities; tourism stimulates other sectors of the economy through direct, indirect, and induced effects; tourism creates job opportunities; and tourism promotes foreign travel and exchange rates. The ARDL model and the Granger causality test were utilized in this thesis to determine the connection between the dependent and independent variables. The findings suggest that tourism has a beneficial influence on South African economic development, but exports and exchange rates have a negative impact. Given that there is a causal link between tourism and economic development, our evidence of reliance may support the deployment of these strategies. All of this was done by using the Eviews statistical software.  Also, when tourism is promoted and it is discovered that growth rates are interdependent, it may be acceptable to impose tourist laws since these rules take into consideration the degree of tail dependency that occurs between growth rates over time.
Psychological issues of the relationship between self-esteem and aggression in students studying in different faculties
Authors: Jabbarov Rashid , Mustafayev Mushviq , Aliyev Jeyhun , Nasibova Ulviyya , Bayramov Matlab
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of psychological issues of the relationship between self-esteem and aggression in students studying in different faculties. The main goal here is to study the effect of the levels of self-esteem on the levels of aggression and to reduce aggression by developing self-esteem. 186 students (94 technical faculty, 92 humanities faculty) who studied in the 2nd year participated in the research. According to the study, there is a relationship between the level of self-esteem of students and the level of aggression, and these relationships are significant at p=0.01 and p=0.05. It became clear that the higher the level of self-esteem, the lower the levels of aggression. In addition, it was found that there is a statistically significant relationship between students' self-esteem and aggression, academic achievement and self-actualization. A direct relationship between self-esteem and self-actualization was found (r=0.276; p=0.002). Research has shown that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and self-esteem. This fact supports the positive relationship between self-esteem and self-attitude. The higher the student's self-esteem level, the more important academic achievement or educational value is to him (p<0.002 level). Thus, depending on the level of self-esteem, aggressive behavior is manifested. This happens at the same level for both technical and humanitarian faculties. The facts show that the aggressive behavior of students with low academic achievement is a psychological defense mechanism, which mediates false self-esteem.
Uso da ferramenta curva ABC na classificação dos principais produtos em uma loja de pequeno porte do ramo de materiais elétricos e hidráulicos
Authors: Prates Antônio Augusto Beck , Sanjulião Lo-Ruana Karen Amorim , Reis Maria José , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Reis João Carlos , Reis Fernanda Medeiros Dutra , Rodrigues Thales Volpe , De Oliveira Marco Aurélio
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho desenvolve um estudo focado na aplicação da ferramenta curva ABC, em uma loja varejista de materiais para construção. Atualmente, manter a gestão de estoque e o gerenciamento do mix de produto é fundamental para a sobrevivência das empresas. Muitas empresas apresentam elevadas quantidades dos itens no seu estoque, podendo ser causado por falta de planejamento de compra.  Assim este trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar a gestão de estoque em uma loja do setor de Casa e Construção, a partir da utilização da ferramenta Curva ABC, e indicar os principais produtos comercializados, visando custos e lucratividade, que devem ser priorizados no planejamento e controle do estoque da operação. O desenvolvimento aconteceu em forma de um estudo de caso, sendo qualificado este trabalho como pesquisa descritiva e de caráter quantitativo, com buscas de dados. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que 80% dos custos referem-se a 27,27% da quantidade de itens comercializados e 80% do lucro foi oriundo de 29,32% dos itens comercializados.
Assessment of Neonates with Extended Sick Neonate Score (ESNS) for Predicting Mortality in a Tertiary Care Center in Dharwad, Karnataka, India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maria Yeruva Ramani , Konded Kavita Shantmalappa , Prakash Kulkarni Poornima , Kandagal Jasmine
Published: October 2023

Introduction: High neonatal mortality rates may be attributed to the lack of early recognition of severe illness, early and safe referral, and proper care. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple, cost-effective scoring system that can be quickly applied to newborns referred from peripheral to tertiary care settings in resource-constrained areas. The Extended Sick Neonate Score (ESNS) is one such scoring system used to assess the severity of illness in critically ill neonates and predict their outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Extended Sick Newborn Score in predicting outcomes for neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 122 outborn neonates admitted to the NICU of SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital in Dharwad, Karnataka, India, from June 2021 to June 2022. All the required parameters for scoring, such as respiratory effort, heart rate, mean blood pressure, axillary temperature, capillary filling time, random blood sugar, SpO2, Moro reflex, and modified Downe’s score, were assessed and documented in a predesigned proforma. The ESNS was calculated upon admission to predict the outcomes. Statistical analysis included ANOVA test and independent t-test, using SPSS version 17.0 and MS Excel. Results: The study evaluated a total of 122 neonates, including 78 males and 44 females. Of these, 99 were term neonates and 23 were preterm neonates. The mean age for term neonates was 8.5 days ±8.6, and for preterm neonates, it was 4.1 days ±4.3. Term neonates with an ESNS Score ≤11 exhibited higher mortality, while preterm neonates with an ESNS score ≤12 showed higher mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of the ESNS score in predicting death were 78.57% and 99.07%, respectively. The ESNS score at admission was significantly lower in non-survivors compared to survivors, and it demonstrated a positive correlation with the outcome. Conclusion: This study found a significant correlation between the ESNS score at admission and in-hospital mortality. The use of the ESNS score is an acceptable method for risk stratification and prognosis of newborns in the NICU.
Factors Influencing on Capital Structure in India with Special Reference to CNX Junior NIFTY
Authors: Praveen A. M.  , Marisetty Nagendra
Published: October 2023

This study examines the factors that influence the capital structure of companies listed on India's CNX Junior Nifty index. Capital structure refers to the combination of debt and equity financing utilized by a company. The capital structure choice is one of the most critical decisions made by financial management. The study investigates the factors that influence the capital structure, considering the debt-equity ratio as the dependent variable and liquidity, profitability, growth, tangibility, and size as independent variables. The study employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and panel data analysis, to assess the impact of financial variables on the DER. A sample of 40 companies constituting the National Stock Exchange's CNX Junior Nifty was analyzed from 2020 to 2023 The study reveals that while Profitability (ROE) consistently exhibits a significant negative relationship with the DER, other variables such as Liquidity, Growth, Tangibility, and Size exhibit varying degrees of correlation but lack consistent statistical significance. The findings provide valuable insights into the factors that impact the capital structure decisions of Indian companies in the context of the CNX Junior Nifty index.
Studies on Depth Wise Distribution of Available Nutrients of Soil under Different Land Use Planning of Kanpur Nagar (U. P.), India
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Sharma Sanjeev , Soni Arpita , Sachan Ravindra , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: October 2023

An investigation was carried out during 2021-22 at various land use planning of Kanpur Nagar (U.P.) to evaluate the availability of nutrients effect of various land use planning on soil. The 504 representative soil samples with 3 depths viz. 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm soil samples were taken with manually driven post hole auger and processed for soil analysis from different land use planning of Kanpur Nagar. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Sulphur, micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) and notable available Nitrogen in different lands low in ranged from 112.4 – 199.3 kg ha-1. The Phosphorus availability was found in ranged from 8.40 - 19.90 kg ha-1, while Potassium was found in ranged from 111.30 - 192.10 kg ha-1. However the availability of Sulphur, was found in ranged from 7.40 - 23.80 mg kg-1 and the availability of micro nutrients like - available Iron ranged from 4.34- 16.9 mg kg-1, available Manganese ranged from 1.10- 10.9 mg kg-1, available Copper ranged from 0.47 – 3.76 mg kg-1, and available Zinc ranged from 0.33- 2.54 mg kg-1.
Genetic Diversity Assessment Using D2 Statistics in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]
Authors: Patel Ujjaval , Patil Harshal E. , Vadodariya G. D. , Ray Purnima
Published: October 2023

Aim: The current investigation was carried out using total of 101 finger millet genotypes was carried out at two locations in four environments to study diversity.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: 6 Months at Hill Millet Research Station and College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari.

Methodology: D2 statistics was used for study of diversity in 101 genotypes.

Results: The perusal of the data for diversity studies revealed that intra-cluster distance ranged from 59.93 to 96.56. Highest inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters VI and XI followed by cluster pair VI and VII.

Conclusions: Based upon high yielding genotypes and large inter-cluster distances, it is advised to attempt crossing of the genotypes from clusters VI and XI as well as VIII and XIII which may produce broad spectrum of favourable genetic variability for yield improvement in finger millet.
Multifunctional Nanoclay‐Based Hemostatic Materials for Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: Tan Ya , Yang Qian , Zheng Meng , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Yang Huaming
Published: October 2023

Bleeding to death accounts for around 30–40% of all trauma‐related fatalities. Current hemostatic materials are mainly mono‐functional or have insufficient hemostatic capacity. Nanoclay has been recently shown to accelerate hemostasis, improve wound healing, and provide the resulting multifunctional hemostatic materials antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and healing‐promoting due to its distinctive morphological structure and physicochemical properties. Herein, the chemical design and action mechanism of nanoclay‐based hemostatic, antibacterial, and pro‐wound healing materials in the context of wound healing are discussed. The physiological processes of hemostasis and wound healing to elucidate the significance of nanoclay for functional wound hemostatic dressing design are outlined. A summary of the features of various nanoclay and product types used in wound hemostatic dressings is provided. Nanoclay can be antimicrobial due to the slow release of metal ions and has an abundant surface charge allowing for high affinity for proteins and cells, which can activate the coagulation reaction or facilitate tissue repair. Nanoclay with a microporous structure can be used as drug carriers to create composites critical for inhibiting bacterial growth on wounds or promoting the regeneration of vascular, muscle, and skin tissues. Directions for further research and innovation of nanoclay‐based multifunctional materials for hemostasis and tissue regeneration are explored.
Polarographische Bestimmung von m‐Dinitrio‐, s‐Trinitrobenzol und Tetranitromethan
Authors: Cruse Kurt , Haul Robert
Published: October 2023

Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung handelte es sich darum, eine einfache Methode aufzufinden, um das bei der Nitrierung von m‐Dinitrobenzol (m‐DNB) entstehende s‐Trinitrobenzol (s‐TNB), sowie das dabei als Nebenprodukt anfallende Tetranitromethan (TNM) quantitativ nebeneinander zu bestimmen.
Zum Problem des Einzelelektrodenpotentials
Authors: Strehlow Hans
Published: October 2023

Die physikalische Bedeutung eines Galvanipotentials sowie die zu seiner Berechnung notwendigen Voraus‐setzungen werden diskutiert. Die von verschiedenen Autoren vorgenommenen Aufteilungen der Hydratationsenergie von Halogeniden in die Einzelionenwerte werden gegeneinander abgewogen. Es wird gezeigt, daß in allen Lösungsmitteln die Solvatationsenergie eines Halogenions größer als die eines Alkaliions mit gleichem Kristallionenradius ist, wenn die Löslichkeit der Alkalihalogenide in diesen Lösungsmitteln nicht extrem klein ist. Das Oberflächenpotential an der Grenzfläche Wasser/inertes Gas wird zu etwa — 0,4 V berechnet. Neuere theoretische und experimentelle Arbeiten zum Einzelelektrodenpotential werden unter Berücksichtigung der entwickelten Vorstellungen besprochen.
Zur Thermodynamik binärer azeotroper Gemische
Authors: Huditz F.
Published: October 2023

Es wird eine Rechenmethode beschrieben, die es mit Hilfe eines 2konstantigen Näherungsansatzes für das Integral der Gibbs‐Duhem‐Margulesschen Differentialgleichung erlaubt, aus der Kenntnis der Daten des azeotropen Punktes (Totaldampfdruck und Flüssigkeitszusammensetzung) sowie der Dampfdrucke der reinen Komponenten die Total‐ und Partialdampfdruckisothermen über das ganze Mischungsgebiet zu berechnen.
Crystal growth and dislocations
Authors: Frank F. C.
Published: October 2023

The theory of the growth of perfect crystals deriving from Gibbs and Volmer, shows that new crystal layers cannot be nucleated at an appreciable rate at low supersaturation. The essential truth of this theory is confirmed by the growth of crystals in polyhedra, which would otherwise be incomprehensible. But on this theory, by itself, the growth rate of such crystals would be virtually zero. This is not usually the case (though the necessary conditions have apparently been realized in Hawards experiments). The discrepancy is removed by considering that a real crystal contains dislocations and may therefore consist of only one layer of atoms perpetually overlapping itself. Such a crystal can grow to an unlimited size without any nucleation of new layers. The rate of growth of such a crystal can be calculated; it is proportional to the square of the supersaturation for low values and to the first power of the supersaturation for higher values in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the experimental results of Volmer and Schultze. The theory indicates that an almost flat crystal surface will show spiral growth steps, ending on dislocations. These are observed in many different cristals, confirming that this mode of growth is very common. Finally, some discussion is given to the way in which dislocations are produced in the growth process.
Probleme der Verdampfung
Authors: Knacke O. , Stranski I. N. , Wolff G.
Published: October 2023

Kinetische Berechnung des Kondensationskoeffizienten — Geringe Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit von Kristallen mit Valenzgitter — Verdampfung des NH4Cl — Verdampfung von Kristallen mit erheblichen Gitterstörungen.
Die dielektrische Polarisation von Komplexen des molekularen Jods mit organischen Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Kortüm G. , Walz H.
Published: October 2023

In Cyclohexanlösung werden die Dipolmomente der Molekülkomplexe Jod‐Dioxan, Jod‐Pyridin, Jod‐Benzol, Jod‐Naphthalin, Jod‐Diphenyl über die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten bestimmt. Die Dipolwerte lassen sich nach Festlegung der Dissoziationskonstanten der Komplexe mittels Löslichkeitsmessungen durch Ausdehnung des Debyeschen Extrapolationsverfahrens auf Vierkomponentensysteme unter Einbeziehung des Massenwirkungsgesetzes berechnen. Sie erweisen sich als unerwartet hoch und sind ein Hinweis auf die starke Polarisation des Jodmoleküls bereits im Grundzustand des Komplexes. Die Werte der Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Komplexe als unmittelbares Maß für die freie Bildungsenthalpie und damit für die Beständigkeit der Molekülverbindungen zeigen gleichen Gang wie die Dipolmomente.
Adsorption an Grenzflächen zwischen flüssigen Phasen. II: Elektrolytadsorption und Aufbau der elektrischen Doppelschichten
Authors: Ohlenbusch Hans‐Dieter
Published: October 2023

Nach einer Untersuchung der an Öl‐Wasser‐Grenzen auftretenden Phasengrenzpotentiale wird festgestellt, daß bei Adsorption von ionisierten Teilchen praktisch die gesamte Doppelschicht sich in der wäßrigen Phase befindet. Der Aufbau dieser Doppelschicht wird unter Berücksichtigung des Ionenvolumens diskutiert und das Potential als Funktion der Flächenladung bestimmt. Diese Beziehung ermöglicht die Beschreibung der Adsorption oberflächenaktiver Elektrolyte, sowie der dadurch verursachten Änderung der Grenzflächenspannung. Die freie Grenzflächenenergie enthält einmal, wie bei der Adsorption ungeladener Substanzen, ein osmotisches Glied, dargestellt durch die Szyszkowskische Gleichung, zum anderen einen elektrostatischen Anteil, der den Energieinhalt der gesamten elektrischen Doppelschicht wiedergibt. Die Aufladung der Grenzfläche durch die adsorbierten Ionen führt für sie zu einer Verminderung der Oberflächenaktivität oder anders formuliert: zu einer Verschiebung des Dissoziationsgleichgewichtes des betreffenden Elektrolyten in der Grenzfläche. Die erhaltenen Beziehungen werden abschließend mit experimentellen Meßwerten verglichen.
Zum Mechanismus der Dampfphasenitrierung aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Geiseler G. , Reinhardt H.
Published: October 2023

Es wird die Geschwindigkeit der Dampfphasenitrierung des Äthans mit Salpetersäure und die der thermischen Zersetzung des Nitroäthans unter vergleichenden Bedingungen gemessen. Die Nitriergeschwindigkeit verläuft bezüglich der Salpetersäure nach einem Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante folgt der Funktion k = 4,49 · 1015 exp (– 47500/RT) sec−1. Nitroäthan zerfällt unter Nitrierbedingungen in Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren ebenfalls nach 1. Ordnung. Die Abhängigkeit der Zerfallskonstante von der Temperatur läßt sich durch die Gleichung k = 2,59 · 1011 exp (– 40200/RT) sec−1 beschreiben. Aus den Meßergebnissen folgt, daß beim Dampfphasenitrierprozeß der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt mit ziemlicher Sicherheit der Zerfall der Salpetersäure in OH‐ und NO2–Radikale ist, die thermische Zersetzung der gebildeten Nitrokohlenwasserstoffe unter Nitrierbedingungen keine wesentliche Rolle spielt und der größte Teil der Oxydationsprodukte sehr wahrscheinlich auf dem Wege über intermediär gebildete Nitrite entsteht.
Zur Bedeutung der Tonerde für die Struktur des Ammoniakkatalysators
Authors: Peters Cl. , Schafer K. , Krabetz R.
Published: October 2023

Es wurden mittels der Methode der Elektronenmikroskopie, Adsorption, Chemisorption und Röntgenographie Untersuchungen am NH3‐Kontakt durchgeführt. In Übereinstimmung mit den Daten der Literatur ergibt sich folgendes Bild über die Rolle der Tonerde im Kontakt.

Im unreduzierten Zustand des Kontaktes bildet die Tonerde als Spinell FeO · Al2O3 Mischkristalle mit dem

Spinell FeO·Fe2O3 wobei das Aluminium sich auf Fe+++‐Gitterplätzen befindet. Bei der Reduktion bilden sich Eisenkristallite von 100‐1000 AE Größe. Zwischen diesen scheidet sich die Tonerde als Spinell FeO · Al2O3 und γ–Al2O3 aus. Es zeigt sich, daß nur der Tonerdegehalt bis zu 3% katalytisch wirksam ist. Oberhalb dieser Konzentration vergrößert er nur die Dicke der ausgeschiedenen Zwischenschichten. Diese Zwischenschichten verhindern, daß die Eisenkristalle unter Oberflächenschwund rekristallisieren. Der Tonerdegehalt bestimmt die Ausbildung des Porengefüges und die Größe der inneren Oberfläche. Es besteht kein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Aktivität des Kontaktes und seinem Tonerdegehalt sowie seiner Gesamtoberfl¨︁che. Jedoch besteht eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Konstanten der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der freien, nicht vom ausgeschiedenen Aktivator bedeckten Eisenoberfl¨︁che.
Thiol‐Disulfide Exchange Kinetics and Redox Potential of the Coenzyme M and Coenzyme B Heterodisulfide, an Electron Acceptor Coupled to Energy Conservation in Methanogenic Archaea
Authors: Laird Maxime G. , Adlung Norman , Koivisto Jari J. , Scheller Silvan
Published: October 2023

Methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea play important roles in the global carbon cycle by interconverting CO2 and methane. To conserve energy from these metabolic pathways that happen close to the thermodynamic equilibrium, specific electron carriers have evolved to balance the redox potentials between key steps. Reduced ferredoxins required to activate CO2 are provided by energetical coupling to the reduction of the high‐potential heterodisulfide (HDS) of coenzyme M (2‐mercaptoethanesulfonate) and coenzyme B (7‐mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate). While the standard redox potential of this important HDS has been determined previously to be −143 mV (Tietze et al. 2003 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390053), we have measured thiol disulfide exchange kinetics and reassessed this value by equilibrating thiol‐disulfide mixtures of coenzyme M, coenzyme B, and mercaptoethanol. We determined the redox potential of the HDS of coenzyme M and coenzyme B to be −16.4±1.7 mV relative to the reference thiol mercaptoethanol (E0’=−264 mV). The resulting E0’ values are −281 mV for the HDS, −271 mV for the homodisulfide of coenzyme M, and −270 mV for the homodisulfide of coenzyme B. We discuss the importance of these updated values for the physiology of methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea and their implications in terms of energy conservation.
Streptococcus intermedius lung infection masquerading as malignancy
Authors: Saleem Saliha , Nelson Taylor B.
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Streptococcus intermedius can cause aggressive infections. One such example as reported in this case is lung abscess which may be mistaken as malignancy on lung imaging.
Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins: An Update
Authors: Hao Meng , Xu Hui
Published: October 2023

Podophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignan lactone derived from different plants of Podophyllum. It consists of five rings with four chiral centers, one trans‐lactone and one aryl tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton with multiple modification sites. Moreover, podophyllotoxin and its derivatives showed lots of bioactivities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and insecticidal properties. The demand for podophyllotoxin and its derivatives is rising as a result of their high efficacy. As a continuation of our previous review (Chem. Eur. J., 2017, 23, 4467–4526), herein, total synthesis, biotransformation, structural modifications, bioactivities, and structure–activity relationships of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives from 2017 to 2022 are summarized. Meanwhile, a piece of update information on the origin of new podophyllotoxin analogues from plants from 2014 to 2022 was compiled. We hope that this review will provide a reference for future high value–added applications of podophyllotoxin and its analogues in the pharmaceutical and agricultural fields.
China's aging population: A review of living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing
Authors: Zhao Litao
Published: October 2023

China's rapid population aging and remarkable family‐level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family‐based elderly care. The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational living to alternative living arrangements such as living with spouse only and solo living. However, ample evidence suggests that Chinese families have demonstrated considerable resilience amidst profound sociodemographic changes. This review article highlights the importance of government–society cooperation in meeting the social challenges of population aging. A key factor is the persistient filial piety norms, which enable children living far or close, migrant or nonmigrant, to rearrange financial, instrumental, and emotional support to aging parents. Equally important is the step‐in of the government to share elderly care responsibilities, provide support through deepening pension and healthcare reforms, and implement the active and healthy aging agenda. How the two factors play out over the next decade and beyond will have profound implications on the living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing of older adults in China.
Awareness and use of tranexamic acid in the management of postpartum hemorrhage among health care professionals in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Onwujekwe Ogochukwu , Mosanya Adaobi Uchenna , Ekwuazi Kingsley , Iyoke Chukwuemeka
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, practice, and barriers regarding the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among health care providers in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among health professionals (doctors, pharmacists, and nurses) in two Nigerian tertiary teaching hospitals (one federal and one state). A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed and 207 were returned (response rate: 94%) and analyzed using SPSS for inferential statistics with a level of significance of P < 0.05.

Results

Only 23.7% of the respondents had good knowledge of TXA use in PPH (P < 0.001), and awareness of the recent World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation on the use of TXA for PPH was low (19.8%, P < 0.001). The majority of the respondents had neither prescribed nor dispensed TXA (30%, P < 0.001). Very few respondents used TXA for all cases of PPH (16.4%, P < 0.001). Barriers against its use include nonawareness of the latest WHO recommendation, preference for other uterotonics, and cost of the drug.

Conclusions

There was poor knowledge of TXA, poor awareness of its recommendation, and low use for PPH among different cadres of health care providers.
A Roadmap from Functional Materials to Plant Health Monitoring (PHM)
Authors: Babangida Abubakar A. , Uddin Azim , Stephen Kukwi Tissan , Yusuf Bashir Adegbemiga , Zhang Liqiang , Ge Daohan
Published: October 2023

Soft bioelectronics have great potential for the early diagnosis of plant diseases and the mitigation of adverse outcomes such as reduced crop yields and stunted growth. Over the past decade, bioelectronic interfaces have evolved into miniaturized conformal electronic devices that integrate flexible monitoring systems with advanced electronic functionality. This development is largely attributable to advances in materials science, and micro/nanofabrication technology. The approach uses the mechanical and electronic properties of functional materials (polymer substrates and sensing elements) to create interfaces for plant monitoring. In addition to ensuring biocompatibility, several other factors need to be considered when developing these interfaces. These include the choice of materials, fabrication techniques, precision, electrical performance, and mechanical stability. In this review, some of the benefits plants can derive from several of the materials used to develop soft bioelectronic interfaces are discussed. The article describes how they can be used to create biocompatible monitoring devices that can enhance plant growth and health. Evaluation of these devices also takes into account features that ensure their long‐term durability, sensitivity, and reliability. This article concludes with a discussion of the development of reliable soft bioelectronic systems for plants, which has the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics.
Clamps and saddles – Part 2: Remarks on detailing and testing
Authors: Eltvik Liv , Haspel Lorenz , Misiek Thomas
Published: October 2023

The article presents the current status of the revision of EN 1993‐1‐11 with regard to the design of saddles and clamps for ropes or for parallel wire tension components for suspended structures. The focus here is on presenting a general approach for clamps. For saddles, emphasis is on types where the slip resistance is – in addition to the component from deviation forces – increased by clamping forces, although general aspects are also covered. This part 2 deals with the geometrical requirements for clamps and in particular saddles and with the associated verification of the transverse pressure. Finally, testing is briefly discussed, with the emphasis on linking the design and the confirmation of the assumptions made thereby with the tests.
A review of human dog‐bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya (2017–2021)
Authors: Kung′u Peris , Brodbelt David
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Dog bites continue to be a serious public health issue due to their association with the transmission of rabies virus. In Kenya, there are no studies estimating dog‐bite incidence. Annual mortalities resulting from dog‐mediated rabies are estimated at 523 (95% confidence interval 134–1100). The main objective of this study was to assess major risk factors associated with dog bites in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya, between 2017 and 2021.

Methods

We recruited 387 dog‐bite patients (cases) and 387 non‐bite patients (controls) for the case–control study from the Mutomo Mission Hospital and the Ikutha Level 4 Hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between risk factors and dog‐bite cases. In the final model, pairwise interactions among variables were evaluated. The model fit was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve.

Results

The study found that the dog‐bite incidence was highest in Kanziko ward in Kitui South subcounty. Fifty‐one percent (108 bites) of dog‐bite victims were children under 15 years of age, with 53% (N = 68) being men and 36% (N = 77) being bitten on the limbs. Dog bites mostly (44%, N = 93) occurred between October and December (short rainy season). Age group and season were identified as the most significant variables for high dog‐bite incidence in Kitui South subcounty.

Conclusions

Promotion of responsible dog ownership and reinforcement of dog control policies may prove more effective in reducing dog‐bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty.