bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota: a perspective for bipolar disorders
Authors: Milani Payam Gonbari , Nazari Armaghan , Fallahasgari Mohammad , Vadaei Sima
Published: May 2024

Psychiatric disorders, notably major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, stand out as some of the most incapacitating conditions worldwide. Approximately 4.4% of the global population grapples with depression, making it a significant health concern. Bipolar disorder is distinguished by alternating episodes of depression and mania, interspersed with periods of normal mood. The beginning and progression of mental illnesses are becoming more influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics stand out as highly promising agents for modulating microbiota and have been studied for their potential to treat a broad range of illnesses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, arthritis and mental health issues. This review delves into the connection between bipolar disorders and gut microbiota, elucidates the mechanisms through which probiotic bacteria alleviate bipolar symptoms and examines the potential of incorporating probiotic bacteria as an efficacious element in the therapy of bipolar disorder.
New good large (n,r)-arcs in PG(2,29) and PG(2,31)
Authors: Daskalov Rumen
Published: May 2024

An $(n, r)$-arc is a set of $n$ points of a projective plane such that some $r$, but no $r+1$ of them, are collinear. The maximumsize of an $(n, r)$-arc in $\PG(2,q)$ is denoted by $m_r(2,q)$. In this article a $(477, 18)$-arc, a $(596,22)$-arc, a $(697,25)$-arc in PG(2,29) and a $(598, 21)$-arc, a $(664, 23)$-arc, a $(699, 24)$-arc, a $(769, 26)$-arc, a $(838,28)$-arc in PG(2,31) are presented. The constructed arcs improve the respective lower bounds on $m_r(2,29)$ and $m_r(2,31)$ in \cite{MB2019}. As a consequence there exist eight new three-dimensional linear codes over the respective finite fields.\\
The Relation between constants in generic and degenerate subspaces of free unital associative complex algebra
Authors: Sosic Milena
Published: May 2024

From the study of the constants in the generic and the degenerate weight subspaces of the free unitary associative complex algebra B, it follows that the constants in the degenerate weight subspaces of the algebra B can be constructed from the corresponding constants in the generic case by a certain specialization procedure. Here we consider that each constant in each generic weight subspace of the algebra B can be expressed by certain iterated q-commutators.
Confirmamos o recebimento do resumo retificado e o mesmo será publicado nos Anais do XXVI SEMIC 2022.
Authors: De Oliveira Carneiro Hiolany , Joselisa Maria Chaves
Published: May 2024

A arte se constitui em importante recurso didático pedagógico que possibilita a expansão da consciência, além do saber formal de ensino para um despertar que envolve um processo de ensino-aprendizagem, totalmente inovador e motivador (ALMEIDA, 2016).
On Failing to Get Out
Authors: Dent Jerome
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: This article juxtaposes the film Get Out with visual media ostensibly within and outside of the film's genre to expand our understanding of horror, the psychoanalytics of spectatorship and identification, and the work of critical race theory. Yoking together horror and the slave narrative, I highlight the moments when identification shifts between the protagonist and the antagonist, a subject split that engenders neither wholesale resistance nor complete identification but an irresistible collusion between both.
Immobilization of photorefractive solitons by charge anchoring on conductive walls: publisher’s note
Authors: Tari Hamed , Bile Alessandro , Nabizada Arif , Fazio Eugenio
Published: May 2024

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 48, 6508 (2023)10.1364/OL.506249.
Research on influencing factors of college teachers’ second child fertility intentions——Taking Jinan as an example
Authors: Yao Yanling
Published: May 2024

Background

Fertility intentions, as a direct driver of fertility behavior, play an important role in the implementation of national fertility policy and population development. This study explored the influencing factors of college teachers’ second child fertility intentions in Jinan, China on the basis of TPB.

Methodology/Principal findings

Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper employs basic characteristics analysis, difference analysis, and factor analysis related to the fertility intentions of the participants. Analysis found participants between 31 and 40 years old had the highest second child fertility intentions, and participants with a college-age first child had the lowest second child fertility intentions. Attitude and subjective norms had a positive impact on second child fertility intentions, and policy awareness had a positive impact on attitude, which indirectly affected second child fertility intentions. Subjective norms had the greatest influence on second child fertility intentions, followed by attitude, and policy awareness had the least influence on second child fertility intentions.

Significance/Future research

The findings of this paper can enrich the theoretical research on fertility intentions, and also provide more optimal practical references for the formulation and propagation of China’s fertility policy as well as the improvement of the division of family roles in China. Future research can further explore the impact of fertility policy on the fertility intentions of other groups.
Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Han Hyun Jin , Choi Kyungson , Suh Hae Sun
Published: May 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We used real-world data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients. In contrast a long-term decrease from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000 individuals was found in the age-standardized incidence rates. Meanwhile, age-standardized prevalence rates ascended from 8.93 to 9.67 per 100,000 individuals, with a remarkable increase in the age-specific prevalence rate for those aged 80 years and above. Survival rates were notably better in younger or treated patients, and in those who underwent Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The time of diagnosis did not affect the survival of patients younger than 65 years. However, the most recent survival rates were significantly lower for patients 65 or older, as shown in the unadjusted Cox survival analysis. After adjustments in the analysis, it was found that the overall survival rates of the most recently diagnosed group improved significantly compared with those diagnosed earlier, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.97). This improvement may potentially be influenced by the enhanced treatment alternatives available for newly diagnosed older patients aged 65 years or older. In conclusion, aging appears to fuel an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases and mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes and devise efficacious care strategies for older patients.
Does coronavirus disease 2019 history alone increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after surgery? Prospective observational study using serology assessment
Authors: Oh Ah Ran , Kang Eun-Suk , Park Jungchan , Lee Sangmin Maria , Jeong Mijeong , Lee Jong-Hwan
Published: May 2024

Background

Concern exists about the increasing risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective

We conducted a prospective observational study that compared the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with and without a history of COVID-19.

Methods

From August 2022 to November 2022, 244 adult patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery were enrolled and allocated either to history or no history of COVID-19 groups. For patients without a history of confirming COVID-19 diagnosis, we tested immunoglobulin G to nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-CoV-2 for serology assessment to identify undetected infection. We compared the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, defined as a composite of atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, and the need for additional oxygen therapy according to a COVID-19 history.

Results

After excluding 44 patients without a COVID-19 history who were detected as seropositive, 200 patients were finally enrolled in this study, 100 in each group. All subjects with a COVID-19 history experienced no or mild symptoms during infection. The risk of postoperative pulmonary complications was not significantly different between the groups according to the history of COVID-19 (24.0% vs. 26.0%; odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.37; P-value, 0.92). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was also similar (27.3%) in excluded patients owing to being seropositive.

Conclusion

Our study showed patients with a history of no or mild symptomatic COVID-19 did not show an increased risk of PPCs compared to those without a COVID-19 history. Additional precautions may not be needed to prevent PPCs in those patients.
Genetic associations between Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Wei Yitong , Wu Haibo , Zhang Li
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous studies revealed that sleep disorders are potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). However, the causal associations between RBD and cardiovascular diseases remained unknown.

Materials and methods

We used the latest and largest summary-level genome-wide association studies of RBD, stroke and its subtypes, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF) to select genetic variants as the instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to test the causal associations between RBD and the cardiovascular diseases above. Inverse variance weighted method was used as the main analysis.

Results

After multiple comparisons, genetically predicted RBD was significantly associated with the risk of HF [odds ratio (OR) = 1.033, 95% CI 1.013–1.052, p = 0.001]. Leave-one-out analysis further supported the robustness of the causal association. Furthermore, we identified a suggestive association between genetically predicted MI and RBD (OR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.546–0.940, p = 0.016). However, in our study no associations were identified of RBD with CAD or stroke and its subtypes.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted the potential associations between RBD and cardiovascular diseases at genetic level, including HF and MI. More studies were required to clarify the biological mechanisms involved the associations.
Pt-Ru bimetallic nanoclusters with peroxidase-like activity for antibacterial therapy
Authors: Wei Chuang , Gao Yijun , Li Peifeng
Published: May 2024

Drug-resistant bacteria arising from antibiotic abuse infections have always been a serious threat to human health. Killing bacteria with toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an ideal antibacterial method for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Here, we prepared Pt-Ru bimetallic nanoclusters (Pt-Ru NCs) with higher peroxidase (POD)-like activity than Pt monometallic nanoclusters. Pt-Ru can easily catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to produce ·OH, thereby catalyzing the transformation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbiphenylamine (TMB) to blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB). We utilized the POD-like activity of the Pt-Ru NCs for antibacterial therapy. The results showed that at doses of 40 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, the Pt-Ru NCs exhibited extraordinary antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating the enormous potential of Pt-Ru NCs as antibacterial agents.
Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae)
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Wan Tao , Wang Yang , Zhao Peng , Liu Yang
Published: May 2024

The praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae) is an insect that has medicinal and esthetical importance, and being a natural enemy for many insects, the species is used as a biological control agent. In this publication, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the fine morphology of antennae of males and females of this species. The antennae of both sexes are filiform and consist of three parts: scape, pedicel, and flagellum (differing in the number of segments). Based on the external morphology and the sensilla distribution, the antennal flagellum is could be divided into five regions. Seven sensilla types and eleven subtypes of sensilla were observed: grooved peg sensillum (Sgp), Bohm bristles (Bb), basiconic sensillum (Sb), trichoid sensillum (StI, StII), campaniform sensillum (Sca), chaetic sensillum (ScI, ScII, ScIII), and coeloconic sensillum (ScoI, ScoII). In Mantodea, the ScoII is observed for the first time, and it is located on the tip of the flagellum. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other insects and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed. The males and females of the mantis could be distinguished by the length of antennae and number of Sgp. Males have antennae about 1.5 times longer and have significantly larger number of Sgp compared to females. The sexual difference in distribution of the Sgp suggests that this type of sensilla may play a role in sex-pheromones detection in mantis.
Dynamic risk assessment of a coal slurry preparation system based on the structure-variable Dynamic Bayesian Network
Authors: Liu Ming , Wu Liping , Hou Mingjun
Published: May 2024

In order to strengthen the safety management of coal slurry preparation systems, a dynamic risk assessment method was established by using the bow-tie (BT) model and the Structure-variable Dynamic Bayesian Network (SVDBN). First, the BT model was transformed into a static Bayesian network (BN) model of the failure of a coal slurry preparation system by using the bow-tie model and the structural similarity of the Bayesian cognitive science, based on the SVDBN recursive reasoning algorithm. The risk factors of the coal slurry preparation system were deduced using the Python language in two ways, and at the same time, preventive measures were put forward according to the weak links. In order to verify the accuracy and feasibility of this method, the simulation results were compared with those obtained using GeNIe software. The reasoning results of the two methods were very similar. Without considering maintenance factors, the failure rate of the coal slurry preparation system gradually increases with increasing time. When considering maintenance factors, the reliability of the coal slurry preparation system will gradually be maintained at a certain threshold, and the maintenance factors will increase the reliability of the system. The proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and safety management of coal slurry preparation systems.
Piercing the corporate veil system and creditors protection: Based on the investigation of debt paying ability—Empirical evidence from the 2005 Company Law amendment
Authors: Tian Jun , Chen Zuopeng , Zhu Yue
Published: May 2024

This paper uses the difference-in-differences model to research how the “piercing the corporate veil” system marked by the 2005 Company Law amendment affects the level of corporate creditor protection. The research results show that private enterprises and local state-owned enterprises are sensitive and significant to this legal amendment. In contrast, local state-owned enterprises are more sensitive and have a stronger motivation to protect the interests of creditors. The motivation of companies with weaker profitability for creditor protection lasts not only for the year of law revision but also extends to the year of implementation. With the law’s implementation, the growth effect of creditor protection for local state-owned enterprises has become more significant. Further analysis shows that the main findings of this article are more significant in companies with larger debt scales, companies with a higher year-on-year growth rate of operating income, companies with controlling shareholders, and companies with higher stock market capitalization. From an empirical research view, this paper explains the economic effect and mechanism of the whole corporate personality under the complete system and adds economic evidence for how the law acts on the capital market.
Primary health care preparedness to integrate diabetes care in Blantyre, Malawi: A mixed methods study
Authors: K. Banda Chimwemwe , Banda Ndaziona P. K. , Gombachika Belinda T. , Nyirenda Moffat J. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Muula Adamson S.
Published: May 2024

Background

There is limited access to diabetes care services at primary care facilities in Malawi. Assessing the capacity of facilities to provide diabetes care is an initial step to integrating services at primary care.

Aim

To assess the preparedness for delivering diabetes services at primary care level within the Blantyre District Health Office (DHO) to support the response to NCD epidemic in Malawi.

Setting

Blantyre DHO primary care facilities.

Materials and methods

A mixed methods approach nested in a national needs assessment for NCD response in Malawi was used. Fourteen primary healthcare facilities from Blantyre DHO were assessed. A tool adapted from the WHO rapid assessment questionnaire was used to identify human resource, equipment, supplies, and medication needed for comprehensive diabetes care. Descriptive statistics were done to analyze the quantitative data. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess if there was a statistically significant difference between urban and rural facilities. Seventeen health care workers from the selected facilities participated in key informant interviews. Framework analysis method guided the qualitative data analysis. The quantitative and qualitative data were merged and displayed jointly.

Results

The quantitative assessment showed that none of the facilities assessed had capacity to provide all the interventions recommended by WHO for diabetes care at primary level. Eight (57%) of the facilities had the capacity to diagnose diabetes, monitor glucose, prevent limb amputations and manage hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: differences in level of preparedness and implementation of diabetes care; disparities in resources between urban and rural facilities; low utilization of diabetes services; and strategy and policy recommendations for improvement of diabetes care.

Conclusion

Inadequate health financing resulted in significant disparities in the available resources between the rural and urban facilities to offer diabetes care services. There is need to develop national policies and guidelines for diabetes care to strengthen the capacity of primary care facilities to facilitate achievement of universal health coverage.
Refining animal welfare of wild boar (Sus scrofa) corral-style traps through behavioral and pathological investigations
Authors: Westhoff Katharina M. , Fetzer André , Schwan Zarah , Büttner Kathrin , Lang Johannes , Lierz Michael
Published: May 2024

Wild boar trapping has been used as a management tool to control wild boar populations. However, it is increasingly criticized due to animal welfare concerns. While cortisol levels have been used to assess trap-related stress in wild boar, data on trap-related injuries and behavioral data are scarce. We aimed to evaluate three different corral-style traps for wild boar according to available mammal trapping standards to investigate and refine animal welfare in wild boar trapping. We examined 138 wild boars captured and killed by head shot in 27 capture events. Traps were closed by remote control only if the complete group were trapped. The behavior of the animals in the trap and during culling was recorded on video. All wild boars were examined and a pathological and radiological examination of the heads for trap- and shot-related injuries followed. Trap-related injuries occurred in 33% of the animals with superficial mild skin defects to skull fractures. One out of three traps met all the set requirements. A wire-meshed trapping system failed all. After installing an incomplete barrier in the center of the trap to slow down trapped animals, the fracture rate in one trap type was significantly reduced by 29% (p < 0.05). Our data showed that the type of trap (p = 0.007) and the number of animals trapped at once (p = 0.002) had a significant influence on the number of escape attempts. Trapping larger groups reduced the escape attempts. We emphasize the importance of an accurate pathological examination to evaluate animal welfare in traps and call for adjusting the injury categories listed in the standards and make a proposal for wild boar live trapping.
Predictive role of preoperative sarcopenia for long-term survival in rectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Su Qiutong , Shen Jia
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To identify the predictive role of sarcopenia in long-term survival among rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery based on available evidence.

Methods

The Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched up to October 20, 2023, for relevant studies. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were the endpoints. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and survival.

Results

Fifteen studies with 4283 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that preoperative sarcopenia significantly predicted poorer OS (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.67–2.57, P<0.001), DFS (HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.39–2.48, P<0.001) and CSS (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.31–2.56, P<0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on neoadjuvant therapy indicated that sarcopenia was a risk factor for worse OS and DFS in patients who received (OS: HR = 2.44, P<0.001; DFS: HR = 2.16, P<0.001) but not in those who did not receive (OS: HR = 2.44, P<0.001; DDFS: HR = 1.86, P = 0.002) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In addition, subgroup analysis based on sample size and ethnicity showed similar results.

Conclusion

Preoperative sarcopenia is significantly related to poor survival in surgical rectal cancer patients and could serve as a novel and valuable predictor of long-term prognosis in these patients.
Sepsis risk in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Wang Sipei , Zhao Sheng , Jin Shanshan , Ye Tinghua , Xinling Pan
Published: May 2024

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTI) is a prevalent condition in those with diabetes, and in severe cases, it may escalate to sepsis. Therefore, it is important to analyze the risk variables associated with sepsis in diabetes individuals with UTI.

Methods

This research was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. From January 2011 to June 2022, a group of individuals with diabetes were identified as having UTI at a tertiary hospital situated in Southeastern China. Patient data, including information on urine culture, was collected retrospectively from a clinical record database. The participants were categorized into the sepsis and non-sepsis groups. The risk variables were derived using both uni-and multiple- variable regression analysis.

Results

The research included 1919 patients, of whom 1106 cases (57.63%) had positive urine cultures. In total, 445 blood culture samples were tested, identifying 186 positive cases (41.80%). The prevalence of bacteria in urine and blood samples was highest for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Moreover, 268 individuals (13.97%) exhibited sepsis. The regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between sepsis and albumin (ALB)<34.35 g/L, C-reactive protein (CRP)>55.84 mg/L and white blood cell count (WBC) >8.485 X 109/L in diabetic cases with UTIs. By integrating the three aforementioned parameters, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.809.

Conclusions

The early detection of sepsis in diabetic individuals with UTI may be achieved using a comprehensive analysis of CRP, WBC, and ALB test findings.
Phenotypic characterization of Guraghe and Jimma cattle breeds in Ethiopia: Implications for breed differentiation and in-situ conservation
Authors: Mustefa Amine , Aseged Tesfalem , Kenfo Hizkel , Hunde Kebebew
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize Guraghe and Jimma cattle breeds at the farm level and quantify the relationships between them. Eight morphometric measurements and sixteen morphological traits were recorded for a total of 313 (221 females and 92 males) randomly selected adult cattle from three purposively selected districts. Univariate and multivariate analysis procedures of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 9.0) were used to analyze the data. Clear morphological and morphometric variations were not observed between the two cattle breeds. All of the studied cattle populations possessed straight-edged ears, a sloppy rump profile, and straight face and back profiles. Moreover, the majority of the studied cattle possess widely spaced curved horns, red-colored uniform body color patterns, and erected small humps located at the cervicothoracic position. In addition to their phenotypic similarities, multivariate analysis also failed to reveal significant differences between the two breeds. These results suggest the inseparable nature of the two cattle breeds. However, such similarities in phenotypic traits between the two cattle breeds do not necessarily indicate genetic similarities. Therefore, further genetic characterization is recommended to quantify the degree of genetic relationship between the breeds. In the meantime, it is recommended to design breed-specific in situ conservation as well as genetic improvement programs that consider cattle breeds as one. Furthermore, an inclusive and uniform breed name that can represent the two cattle populations is obtained from the country’s steering committee for indigenous animal genetic resources.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at Alemgena Health Center, Sebeta, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hayre Kedija , Takele Mihiretu Kumie , Birri Dagim Jirata
Published: May 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. Evaluation of TB treatment outcome enables health institutions to measure and improve the effectiveness of TB control programs. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and identify associated factors among TB patients registered at Alemgena Health Center, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Method

A retrospective study was conducted; Secondary data were collected from medical records of 1010 TB patients treated at Alemgena Health Center between September 2012 and August 2018, inclusively. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with TB treatment outcomes. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The proportion of males and females was almost equal. Among the patients 64.7% were in the age group 15–34, 98% were new cases, 31.2% were smear positive, 13% were HIV positive and 40.3% had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. 94.2% of the patients had successful treatment outcome, with 26.9% cured and 67.3% treatment completed, whereas 5.8% had unsuccessful treatment outcomes, of whom 4.2% died and 1.5% defaulted. Death rate was higher among patients older than 44 years (10.4%) than among children (0%). In bivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment success rate was 3.582 (95% CI 1.958–6.554, p-value = .000) times higher in the age group 44 and below compared to the age group 45 and above.

Conclusion

Treatment success rate exceeded the one targeted by WHO. Age was found to be associated with treatment outcome. Success rate has to be improved for TB patients in the age group greater than 45 years of age.
Poor long-term outcomes despite improved hospital survival for patients with cryptococcal meningitis in rural, Northern Uganda
Authors: Okwir Mark , Link Abigail , Opio Bosco , Okello Fred , Nakato Ritah , Nabongo Betty , Alal Jimmy , Rhein Joshua , Meya David , Liu Yu , Bohjanen Paul R.
Published: May 2024

Background

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a major cause of death among people living with HIV in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We previously reported that a CM diagnosis and treatment program (CM-DTP) improved hospital survival for CM patients in rural, northern Uganda. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on long-term survival.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda evaluating long-term survival (≥1 year) of CM patients diagnosed after CM-DTP initiation (February 2017-September 2021). We compared with a baseline historical group of CM patients before CM-DTP implementation (January 2015-February 2017). Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed time-to-death in these groups, adjusting for confounders.

Results

We identified 318 CM patients, 105 in the Historical Group, and 213 in the CM-DTP Group. The Historical Group had a higher 30-day mortality of 78.5% compared to 42.2% in the CM-DTP Group. The overall survival rate for the CM-DTP group at three years was 25.6%. Attendance at follow-up visits (HR:0.13, 95% CI: [0.03–0.53], p <0.001), ART adherence (HR:0.27, 95% CI: [0.10–0.71], p = 0.008), and fluconazole adherence: (HR:0.03, 95% CI: [0.01–0.13], p <0.001), weight >50kg (HR:0.54, 95% CI: [0.35–0.84], p = 0.006), and performance of therapeutic lumbar punctures (HR:0.42, 95% CI: [0.24–0.71], p = 0.001), were associated with lower risk of death. Altered mentation was associated with increased death risk (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10–2.42, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Long-term survival of CM patients improved after the initiation of the CM-DTP. Despite this improved survival, long-term outcomes remained sub-optimal, suggesting that further work is needed to enhance long-term survival.
Estimation of standardized real-time fatality rate for ongoing epidemics
Authors: Qu Yuanke , Lee Chun Yin
Published: May 2024

Background

The fatality rate is a crucial metric for guiding public health policies during an ongoing epidemic. For COVID-19, the age structure of the confirmed cases changes over time, bringing a substantial impact on the real-time estimation of fatality. A ‘spurious decrease’ in fatality rate can be caused by a shift in confirmed cases towards younger ages even if the fatalities remain unchanged across different ages.

Methods

To address this issue, we propose a standardized real-time fatality rate estimator. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the estimator. The proposed method is applied for real-time fatality rate estimation of COVID-19 in Germany from March 2020 to May 2022.

Findings

The simulation results suggest that the proposed estimator can provide an accurate trend of disease fatality in all cases, while the existing estimator may convey a misleading signal of the actual situation when the changes in temporal age distribution take place. The application to Germany data shows that there was an increment in the fatality rate at the implementation of the ‘live with COVID’ strategy.

Conclusions

As many countries have chosen to coexist with the coronavirus, frequent examination of the fatality rate is of paramount importance.
A simplified pneumonia severity index (PSI) for clinical outcome prediction in COVID-19
Authors: Chang Shu-Ching , Grunkemeier Gary L. , Goldman Jason D. , Wang Mansen , McKelvey Paul A. , Hadlock Jennifer , Wei Qi , Diaz George A.
Published: May 2024

Background

The Pneumonia Score Index (PSI) was developed to estimate the risk of dying within 30 days of presentation for community-acquired pneumonia patients and is a strong predictor of 30-day mortality after COVID-19. However, three of its required 20 variables (skilled nursing home, altered mental status and pleural effusion) are not discreetly available in the electronic medical record (EMR), resulting in manual chart review for these 3 factors. The goal of this study is to compare a simplified 17-factor version (PSI-17) to the original (denoted PSI-20) in terms of prediction of 30-day mortality in COVID-19.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, the hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 2/28/20–5/28/20 were identified to compare the predictive performance between PSI-17 and PSI-20. Correlation was assessed between PSI-17 and PSI-20, and logistic regressions were performed for 30-day mortality. The predictive abilities were compared by discrimination, calibration, and overall performance.

Results

Based on 1,138 COVID-19 patients, the correlation between PSI-17 and PSI-20 was 0.95. Univariate logistic regression showed that PSI-17 had performance similar to PSI-20, based on AUC, ICI and Brier Score. After adjusting for confounding variables by multivariable logistic regression, PSI-17 and PSI-20 had AUCs (95% CI) of 0.85 (0.83–0.88) and 0.86 (0.84–0.89), respectively, indicating no significant difference in AUC at significance level of 0.05.

Conclusion

PSI-17 and PSI-20 are equally effective predictors of 30-day mortality in terms of several performance metrics. PSI-17 can be obtained without the manual chart review, which allows for automated risk calculations within an EMR. PSI-17 can be easily obtained and may be a comparable alternative to PSI-20.
lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is downregulated in patients with ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Pan-Lizcano Ricardo , Núñez Lucía , Piñón Pablo , Aldama Guillermo , Flores Xacobe , Calviño-Santos Ramón , Vázquez-Rodríguez José Manuel , Hermida-Prieto Manuel
Published: May 2024

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of deaths occurring in the acute phase of an ischemic event. Although it is known that genetics may play an important role in this pathology, the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the expression of 10 lncRNAs in patients with and without VF in AMI. For this purpose, the expression of CDKN2B-AS1, KCNQ1OT1, LIPCAR, MALAT1, MIAT, NEAT1, SLC16A1-AS1, lnc-TK2-4:2, TNFRSF14-AS1, and UCA1 were analyzed. After the analysis and Bonferroni correction, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS showed a statistical significance lower expression (P values of 2.514 x 10−5). In silico analysis revealed that six proteins could be related to the possible effect of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1: AGO3, PLD4, POU4F1, ZNF26, ZNF326 and ZNF431. These in silico proteins predicted to have a low cardiac expression, although there is no literature indicating a potential relationship with VF in AMI. Thus, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 shows a significant lower expression in patients with VF in AMI vs patients without VF in AMI. Literature data suggest that the role of CDKN2B1-AS is related to the miR-181a/SIRT1 pathway.
Uma fénix à procura das cinzas?
Authors: Borges Susana , Neto Sérgio Gonçalo , Serrano Clara
Published: May 2024

Enquanto o Estado Novo, no contexto do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, se reposicionava perante o crescimento da oposição interna e a nova geopolítica da Guerra Fria, o jornal A Nação (1946-1948) foi um instrumento de propaganda e doutrinação da extrema-direita. As suas páginas foram pautadas por temas recorrentes do ideário fascista, fazendo o jornal a defesa de Mussolini e do Nazismo. Tendo presente os conceitos de «palingénese» e de «comunidades imaginadas», assim como outros elementos estruturantes do fascismo, este artigo pretende analisar de que modo os seus leitmotiven foram pensados numa estratégia discursiva agressiva e mobilizadora. Por outro lado, procura passar em revista outros elementos, como a secção poética, a iconografia e uma certa visão do mundo que, a certo ponto, se julgou transcendente. Sobretudo, a referência à palingénese permitirá mensurar de que modo a hipótese de um «renascimento» foi (ou não) equacionado.
Conspiracionismo de extrema-direita entre Estado Novo e transição democrática (1945-1975)
Authors: Marchi Riccardo
Published: May 2024

Durante o Estado Novo e a transição democrática, a extrema-direita portuguesa analisou todas as crises do regime à luz da visão conspiracionista. Herdado da cultura política contrarrevolucionária do Século XIX, o conspiracionismo foi aplicado pela extrema-direita portuguesa a partir de 1945 para desvendar o alegado plano contra o Império português. Neste sentido, a extrema-direita denunciou uma estrutura piramidal e hierárquica controlada pela elite globalista e integrada por diferentes atores nacionais. Embora não exista uma versão única do complô partilhado por todos os protagonistas da extrema-direita, os agentes da conspiração denunciados tendem a ser sempre os mesmos. A extrema-direita portuguesa não trouxe nenhuma contribuição doutrinária ao conspiracionismo elaborado pelas congéneres europeias, mas limitou-se apenas à sua aplicação ao caso português, sem alcançar os objetivos esperados na mobilização, radicalização e liderança das direitas autoritárias e ultramarinistas.
Dowel bars – reinforcing elements of cement concrete pavements
Authors: Bedřich Stanislav , Grošek Jiří
Published: May 2024

Our aim is to analyze the function of reinforcement elements (dowel bars) in cement concrete pavement to highlight the influence of these elements on the service life of the pavement as a whole and to find possible alternatives to existing products that are freely available on the Czech market. That is, how these elements in the form of dowel bars should work properly so that the function meets the design assumptions of a rigid pavement. We describe the procedure for inserting dowel bars during paving, which is directly related to the possibilities of using different dowel bars. Finally, we summarize the possibilities of using alternative materials, shapes, or sizes of dowel bars and the possibilities of their use in the Czech Republic.
The use of concrete slurry waste to improve the properties of the stabilised soil
Authors: Davidová Vendula , David Tomáš , Mondschein Petr , Reiterman Pavel
Published: May 2024

It is often necessary to use stabilising additives during construction to improve the resulting soil properties to ensure the good quality of civil engineering structures. These additives are often produced at high temperatures and with a high carbon footprint. This paper focuses on soil stabilization with waste concrete slurry, which is produced during the production of fresh concrete. The selected clay soil was stabilized with cement and CSW at 2, 4, and 6 % by weight of soil. Compressive strength, the resistance to freezing and thawing, Initial bearing index (IBI), and California bearing capacity (CBR) were monitored. The research did not confirm better performance of CSW binder even at higher dosage compared to cement, which was due to the high water content of the mixtures. Positive results were achieved especially in Freez-Thaw resistance.
Analysis of the effect of hydration heat resulting in the formation of cracks on the experimental block of the spillway at Orlik reservoir
Authors: Potůčková Simona , Holý Milan , Kolísko Jiří
Published: May 2024

This article concentrates on the numerical analysis of hydration heat resulting in formation of cracks on the experimental block of the spillway at Orlik Reservoir and its verification with the experimental measurement. In order to eliminate the maximum of critical factors which could lead to appearance of early age cracking and faulty execution of the spillway, an experimental block was concreted. It served as a trial block for all steps of the execution process as well as a validating temperature measurement during cement hydration to confirm with the preliminary numerical analysis.
Characteristics of fibres based on secondary raw materials and their use in concrete technology
Authors: Sedlmajer Martin , Bubeník Jan , Zach Jiří , Novák Vítězslav
Published: May 2024

Different types of fibres in cementitious composites, particularly in concrete, are currently used for a number of reasons. Fibres are being added to improve mechanical properties (especially steel and glass fibres), to increase the durability – to reduce occurrence of microcracks during the concrete aging (mainly synthetic and cellulose fibres), or to increase the fire resistance (polypropylene fibres). Within the study, characterization of different types of alternative fibres (fibres generated during waste recycling that would otherwise end in incinerators or landfills) with possible use in cementitious composites. These were fibres from recycled PET bottles, paper, and mineral wool, whose properties were compared to the traditionally used cellulose and polypropylene fibres. In the experimental part, the thickness, length, shape, and surface of individual fibres were monitored by an optical microscope. Furthermore, the amount of heat of combustion was determined by the calorimetric method, and the differential thermal analysis (DTA) was carried out for determination of the impact of high temperature on monitored fibres. The microstructure of fibres was monitored using a scanning electron microscope. The focus of the experimental study was on fibres usable in concrete and capable of enduring high temperature stress.
Links between heteronormativity dimensions and life satisfaction in Chilean lesbian, gay and bisexual university students
Authors: Sandoval Lucas , Orellana Ligia , Schnettler Berta , Riquelme-Segura Leonor , Sepúlveda José , Reutter Karol
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can hold heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, which comprise assumptions regarding gender essentialism and men and women’s expected behaviours in relationships. In this population, adherence to heteronormativity may increase a sense of discrepancy between the “current” and the “ought” self. This self-discrepancy, in turn, has a negative impact on life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between two dimensions of heteronormativity –gender essentialism and normative behaviours– and life satisfaction, both directly and mediated by self-discrepancy. Method: A sample of 232 LGB university students in Southern Chile answered an online questionnaire that included the Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, the Self-Discrepancy Index, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Structural equation models were performed to test these relationships. Results: Gender essentialism and normative behaviour were negatively and positively associated with life satisfaction, respectively. Likewise, self-discrepancy was negatively linked to life satisfaction. The analysis showed no evidence for the mediating role of self-discrepancy in this model. Conclusion: LGB university students can adhere to different dimensions of heteronormativity, which in turn may relate differentially to life satisfaction.
Tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino en dos centros de salud de la ciudad de Santa Fe en el periodo 2019-2021
Authors: Rispero Valentina , Espinoza Marisa , Seiref Samuel
Published: May 2024

El cáncer de cuello uterino es una de las principales causas de muerte en las mujeres. Se trata de una patología prevenible y curable gracias a su detección temprana a través de la prueba de VPH y la prueba de Papanicolaou.  El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar cuáles de aquellas mujeres que consultaron por diferentes motivos en dos de los centros de salud de la Ciudad de Santa Fe, tenían realizado un PAP en los últimos tres años. Adicionalmente, se compararon la distribución por edades de las mujeres tamizadas en estos dos centros de salud. Durante  el año 2021 consultaron 1773 mujeres, el rango de edad fue de 25 a 65 años, con una edad media de 38 años en ambos casos (RIQ 17) para ambos centros de salud. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (<0,001) entre las mujeres con PAP que asistieron al CAPS A (n= 521; 58%) y las del CAPS B (n= 408; 47%). La cobertura de tamizaje de forma oportunista resulta insuficiente en los centros de salud estudiados. El tamizaje podría resultar más efectivo si formara parte de la práctica de todos los servicios de atención primaria y no solo de los correspondientes a salud sexual y reproductiva, y si se buscara de manera activa a las mujeres con riesgo de padecer CCU, ya que en su mayoría estas quedan fuera de la consulta espontánea.
Morbilidad neonatal asociada a diabetes gestacional en un centro perinatológico de Santa Fe
Authors: Redondo Fernando , Carrera Liza , Costa Lucas , Contini Daniel , Falcó Omar
Published: May 2024

La diabetes gestacional (DG) es la alteración metabólica más frecuente asociada al embarazo y el hijo de madre diabética gestacional (HMDG) presenta mayor probabilidad de complicaciones neonatales. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de trastornos neonatales en HMDG. Realizamos este estudio de casos y controles en el Centro Perinatológico de Santa Fe, desde el 01/10/2017 hasta el 01/08/2018. Población conformada por 254 pacientes: 127 RN HMDG (casos) y 127 controles RN HMnD (hijos de madre no diabética). Todos los RN fueron examinados por neonatólogos y estudiados con Ecocardiografía Doppler color. Se midieron y compararon las complicaciones neonatales en ambos grupos.  Observamos: 1) Morbilidad Metabólica en los RN expuestos: 25,9% vs 7,08%, OR: 4,6; IC95%: 2,09-10,09), p<0,001. 2) Morbilidad Respiratoria 18,1% vs 7,08% OR: 2,85; IC 95%: 1,26- 6,43) p<0,001. 3) Hospitalización Neonatal 26,6% vs 5,5% en el grupo control OR: 6, IC: 2,54-14,2, p= 0,0001. 4) Defectos Congénitos, incluidas cardiopatías congénitas, no se observaron diferencias de significación entre los grupos estudiados. El trastorno metabólico más frecuente fue hipoglucemia neonatal (11,8% vs 4,7%) OR: 2,7; IC: 1,01- 7.2 p= 0,04. síndrome de dificultad respiratoria transitoria (10,2 vs 3,1 %) OR: 3,5 IC: 1,11-11,06) p=0,01. En suma: los HMD presentaron mayor morbilidad metabólica, respiratoria y hospitalización neonatal. DG es una enfermedad prevalente, por lo que es necesario el abordaje integral de estas gestantes con los adecuados controles prenatales y la disposición del equipo de salud para la asistencia neonatal.
Difference in badminton‐specific endurance evaluated by a newly developed on‐court test between competitive levels: A pilot study of female players
Authors: Ando Ryosuke , Hoshikawa Yoshihiro , Iizuka Taro , Suita Masashi , Kameda Mai , Nakashima Hirotaka , Ozaki Hiroki
Published: May 2024

We developed a test to evaluate badminton‐specific endurance. The study included 10 female badminton players. Five participants were ranked in Japan's top 100 national rankings (ranked), whereas the others were unranked (unranked). Participants reacted quickly with badminton‐specific steps from the base center to the four sensors at each corner of a singles badminton court. On each set, they reacted eight times to randomized instructions at stage‐specific intervals (1.2, 1.0, and 0.8 s for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively), which were performed six times with a rest of 20 s in each stage (8 movements × 6 sets × 3 stages). On a different day, participants ran on a treadmill as a comparative test. Blood lactate concentration (BLa) was measured on each test. In the badminton‐specific test, ranked participants had lower BLa (4.2 ± 1.7 mM vs. 6.3 ± 3.1 mM), with medium or large effect sizes. The average reach time to sensors was shorter in ranked participants (1.56 ± 0.03 s vs. 1.62 ± 0.07 s), with medium or large effect sizes. BLa was similar between groups, with trivial or small effect sizes in the running test. These results suggest that the newly developed test can evaluate badminton‐specific endurance.