bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PELATIHAN LADDER DRILL DENGAN METODE ASCENDING DAN DESCENDING TERDADAP PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN DAN KELINCAHAN
Authors: Fikri Muhammad Dzul , Wiriawan Oce , Widodo Achmad
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penurunan prestasi atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh latihan Ladder Drill dengan metode latihan ascending dan metode latihan descending terhadap peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.

Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode quasi-experiment. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design yang dilaksanakan dalam 24 kali pertemuan dalam 8 minggu. Instrumen tes kecepatan menggunakan lari 40 meter, sedangkan instrumen kelincahan menggunakan shuttle run test. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengolah hasil penelitian menggunakan uji-t, MANOVA, dan Post Hoc dengan uji Scheffe.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan yang signifikan dari metode ascending dan descending. Sedangkan analisis post hoc uji Scheffe tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok ascending dan kelompok descending terhadap kecepatan dan kelincahan.

Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua metode ascending dan descending, dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan sama baiknya terhadap atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.

Abstract

This research was motivated by a decrease in the achievement of futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. This study aims to examine the effect of ladder drill training with ascending training methods and descending training methods on increasing speed and agility in futsal extracurricular students at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.

The type of research in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The design used in the study was the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design which was carried out in 24 meetings in 8 weeks. The speed test instrument uses 40 meters running, while the agility instrument uses the shuttle run test. Analysis of the data used to process the research results using the t-test, MANOVA, and Post Hoc with the Scheffe test.

The results showed a significant increase in speed and agility from the ascending and descending methods. While the post hoc analysis of the Scheffe test, there was no significant difference between the ascending and descending groups in terms of speed and agility.

The results of this study concluded that both ascending and descending methods can improve speed and agility as well as futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.
Developmental role of PHD2 in the pathogenesis of pseudohypoxic pheochromocytoma
Authors: Eckardt Luise , Prange-Barczynska Maria , Hodson Emma J , Fielding James W , Cheng Xiaotong , Lima Joanna D C C , Kurlekar Samvid , Douglas Gillian , Ratcliffe Peter J , Bishop Tammie
Published: October 2021

Despite a general role for the HIF hydroxylase system in cellular oxygen sensing and tumour hypoxia, cancer-associated mutations of genes in this pathway, including PHD2, PHD1, EPAS1 (encoding HIF-2α) are highly tissue-restricted, being observed in pseudohypoxic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) but rarely, if ever, in other tumours. In an effort to understand that paradox and gain insights into the pathogenesis of pseudohypoxic PPGL, we constructed mice in which the principal HIF prolyl hydroxylase, Phd2, is inactivated in the adrenal medulla using TH-restricted Cre recombinase. Investigation of these animals revealed a gene expression pattern closely mimicking that of pseudohypoxic PPGL. Spatially resolved analyses demonstrated a binary distribution of two contrasting patterns of gene expression among adrenal medullary cells. Phd2 inactivation resulted in a marked shift in this distribution towards a Pnmt−/Hif-2α+/Rgs5+ population. This was associated with morphological abnormalities of adrenal development, including ectopic TH+ cells within the adrenal cortex and external to the adrenal gland. These changes were ablated by combined inactivation of Phd2 with Hif-2α, but not Hif-1α. However, they could not be reproduced by inactivation of Phd2 in adult life, suggesting that they arise from dysregulation of this pathway during adrenal development. Together with the clinical observation that pseudohypoxic PPGL manifests remarkably high heritability, our findings suggest that this type of tumour likely arises from dysregulation of a tissue-restricted action of the PHD2/HIF-2α pathway affecting adrenal development in early life and provides a model for the study of the relevant processes.
Interleukin role in the regulation of endothelial cell pathological activation
Authors: Carbone Maria Luigia , Failla Cristina Maria
Published: October 2021

Interleukins (ILs) are the group of cytokines firstly identified as expressed by leukocytes and playing different immunomodulatory functions. With increasing evidence of a constant crosstalk between leukocytes and endothelial cells in the regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation, a role of ILs also in endothelial cell stimulation and vascular inflammation has been shown. ILs act on endothelial cells both in an autocrine and a paracrine manner. In fact, a cross regulation is present among ILs expressed by different cell types, leading to amplification or blocking of the initial inflammatory signal with the secretion of additional ILs or involvement of other adjacent cells and tissues. Based on selective structural features, ILs can be divided into four major groups, a fifth group comprises ILs that do not fit into any of the other four. Most of the ILs playing a role in endothelial cell activation belong to the IL1-like cytokine group, but the number of ILs involved in vascular inflammation is constantly growing, and a special contribution of IL6, IL8, and IL17 has been underlined. This review aims at presenting current knowledge and at underling missing information about the role of IL in activating endothelial cells in selected pathological settings such as tumours, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and viral infection.
Breast cancer chemotherapy vascular toxicity: a review of mediating mechanisms and exercise as a potential therapeutic
Authors: Mclaughlin Marie , Florida-James Geraint , Ross Mark
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer chemotherapy, although very potent against tumour tissue, results in significant cardiovascular toxicity. The focus of research in this area has been predominantly towards cardiotoxicity. There is limited evidence detailing the impact of such treatment on the vasculature despite its central importance within the cardiovascular system and resultant detrimental effects of damage and dysfunction. This review highlights the impact of chemotherapy for breast cancer on the vascular endothelium. We consider the most likely mechanisms of endothelial toxicity to be through direct damage and dysfunction of the endothelium. There are sharp consequences of these detrimental effects as they can lead to cardiovascular disease. However, there is potential for exercise to alleviate some of the vascular toxicity of chemotherapy, and the evidence for this is provided. The potential role of exercise in protecting against vascular toxicity is explained, highlighting the recent in-human and animal model exercise interventions. Lastly, the mediating mechanisms of exercise protection of endothelial health is discussed, focusing on the importance of exercise for endothelial health, function, repair, inflammation and hyperlipidaemia, angiogenesis, and vascular remodelling. These are all important counteracting measures against chemotherapy-induced toxicity and are discussed in detail.
The Phenomenon of the Freedom Party: the Effect of Newness or the Beginning of a New Value Cleavage?
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the reasons of success of the Freedom Party in the 2020 Seimas elections. The case of Freedom Party is particularly interesting as it did not appeal to the median voter like previous new parties, but took a clearly liberal stance on such vulnerable issues (in rather conservative Lithuanian society) as LGBT rights. The article examines several probable accounts of the success story of the party: the newness of the party, the value shift in the society and the realignment of the voters. The article employs the data of the 2020 post-election survey and other relevant data sets. The analysis revealed that the effect of novelty contributed somewhat to the success of the Freedom Party, but the main reason for its good performance was the ability to mobilize liberal-minded voters, the number of which increased significantly compared to the 2016 Seimas elections. The party was able not only to take advantage of the changing values of the new generation, but also to consolidate liberal-minded voters who were previously dispersed. The results of the analysis suggest that attitudes on the conservatism–liberalism dimension have become an important factor determining party preferences in Lithuania, while so far, the only significant cleavage in Lithuania was based on different attitudes towards Russia and the Soviet past.
Epic Games v. Apple: Fortnite battle that can change the industry
Authors: Ambrasaitė Paulina , Smagurauskaitė Agnė
Published: October 2021

When Apple Store was launched, there were 500 applications available for iPhone users. Since then, the number of applications in the App Store skyrocketed and in 2017 reached around 2.2 million. In recent years, the number of apps in the App Store is steadily declining, due to Apple’s decision to remove old apps that do not function or the apps that do not follow current app guidelines. The distribution of the apps is only available through the App Store, where the only available payment processor is controlled by Apple. That places Apple in a unique position.The case Epic Games v. Apple raises a broader discussion, whether Apple as the “gatekeeper” of Apps can restrict distribution and access to the apps in the iOS operational system, and whether that kind of activity can be deemed as a monopolist and restrictive competition in App distribution market. This paper will analyze and critically evaluate the recent lawsuit that was brought up against Apple by Epic Games. The main aspect of this analysis is whether Apple can legally restrict the developer’s ability to distribute the applications through the App Store and if it does not restrict the competition. This article is composed of several chapters. Chapter one will examine the relevant facts of the Epic and Apple lawsuit and will summarize the key arguments of this case. The second chapter will explore the relevant legislation and the relevant market related to previously mention proceedings and will explain how the doctrine of the essential facility might affect the case. Chapter three will delve into similar cases brought up earlier and will cover the distribution of digital goods. Chapter four will provide conclusions and the paths moving forward.The object of the paper is to perform a detailed analysis of the case. The purpose of the paper is an assessment of the relevant facts and legal framework regarding Epic’s claim, as well as analyze the topics of foreclosure and dominance in the market. To write this paper several academic writing methods such as descriptive to provide readers with relevant legislation and inform them about relevant facts of the case, also analytical to form the readers’ opinions regarding the recent events and activities of both sides of the suit, also a comparative to compare different legal frameworks in the United States of America and European Union regarding the regulation of monopoly were used. There is no doubt this topic has enormous relevance because of its’ possible after-effects. Epic’s claim already has an impact not only on Apple but also on the whole app development and distribution industry of digital goods and might create a precedent to the similar cases. Currently, this claim is only discussed in the media, and there is no precedent. This article will not give a clear answer to how this lawsuit will be resolved, because it mainly depends on court interpretation of the relevant market. We would rather give a few alternative solutions to this case.
Third party cookies: what kind of world is without them?
Authors: Juškaitė Justė , Janušauskaitė Milda Aušrinė
Published: October 2021

In the article “Third-party cookies: what kind of world is without them?” the decision to remove third-party cookies is being analysed. This objective is being pursued, firstly, because of the problems that have arisen as a result of the “cookies” lack of compliance with law norms. Firefox and Safari were the first ones to make these changes, followed by Google, the largest “giant” in the market. Knowing the benefits of third-party cookies, it has become clear that there will be a need to find alternatives to replace this technology. The following solutions were proposed: “Privacy Sandbox”, contextual targeting, Firefox implemented an enhanced security program “Firefox 69”, and Safari’s privacy feature “Intelligent Tracking Protection”.The article also describes the possible nature of the digital advertising market after the implementation of this change, which will determine the necessity for marketing and business companies to change the strategies in the development of their activities. The article also analyses the legal mechanisms and aspirations of the European Union institutions in the legislative process, which will help to ensure consumer rights in the field of data protection.
Possibilities and perspectives of remote work of courts of Lithuania
Authors: Malakauskas Arnas , Matulytė Raminta
Published: October 2021

This article analyses the topic of opportunities and perspectives of remote proceedings of the courts of Lithuania. Based on international documents, legal acts and legal doctrine, information provided by the National Courts Administration, interviews with judges and attorneys, the situation of remote criminal proceedings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is presented. An analysis of the impact of remote proceedings of courts on the rights and obligations of participants in criminal proceedings was also performed. This article provides insights into the legal regulation and practice of remote proceedings of courts in the future.
The Belief Stories in the Texts of Oral History of the People in Late Adulthood Period
Authors: Gocół Damian
Published: October 2021

In my article, I analyze selected belief stories from the oral history texts. The research material contains the three biographical accounts of the people in late adulthood (over 65). The belief stories (belief tales) are one of the genres of speech typical for the accounts rooted in a folk view of the world. The demonic characters appear in them, e. g. the devil, the striga or the południca. The belief stories contain a detailed description of the world. They have an explanatory function. They are to explain how the world works. Belief stories do not appear often in the oral history texts created by the people in late adulthood who were not related to the countryside or were related to it in a limited extent. This way of shaping the narrative may be related to changes in the rationality of the narrators. The common and the scientific view of the world intersect in their narratives. The narrators add the numerous comments to their belief stories, in which they distance themselves from the folk view of the world or try to scientifically rationalize the fantastic events. Nevertheless, the fragments in which other genres of speech are realized, especially in anecdotes, reveal a clear relationship between the narrative of oral history and the common sense and belief vision of the world. The narrators often explain their own experiences by introducing elements of belief tales into other genres. Such fragments reveal the schemes of punishment and reward, non-worldly divine intervention, anthropomorphization of inanimate objects and assigning them the rank of demonic beings. Despite the intersection of different types of rationality in the narratives, a belief-based vision of the world still plays an important role in shaping of the oral narratives about the past.
Roadblock on the Way of Disabled Students in the Higher Education
Authors:   Department of Education, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390002, India, Pandey Aditi
Published: October 2021

The development of any nation depends on its citizens. Every citizen has their contribution to the development of a nation even the disabled person. They also have an equal rights to get a higher education. Higher education increases the chance of employability, thus, affirming dignified life for persons with disabilities. As per Census 2011, in India, out of the 121 Cr population, about 2.68 Cr persons are ‘disabled’ which is 2.21% of the total population. But it has been seen that very few of these people reach higher education. According to census 2011, 61% of the disabled children aged 5-19 years are attending an educational institution, 12% attended educational institutions earlier while 27% never attended educational institutions. That makes the author think and ask about how our higher education institutions are accessible for disabled students. How inclusive are our higher education institutions? In the light of the above-mentioned problems the present paper has discussed the education of children with special needs in higher education specifically with respect to visual impairment, hearing impairement, locomotor disability, and speech-related impairment. The discussion starts with what all kind of legal provisions and reservations which are there for them in higher education and how many are utilized and used by them. What all things are there in the new education policy for them specifically in higher education, whether their needs have been realized in detail or it has been just touched superficially and at the end, few suggestions related to all these issues have been discussed.
State Spending on Public Benefit Programs and Child Maltreatment
Authors: Puls Henry T. , Hall Matthew , Anderst James D. , Gurley Tami , Perrin James , Chung Paul J.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

To determine the association between states’ total spending on benefit programs and child maltreatment outcomes.

METHODS

This was an ecological study of all US states during federal fiscal years 2010–2017. The primary predictor was states’ total annual spending on local, state, and federal benefit programs per person living ≤100% federal poverty limit, which was the sum of (1) cash, housing, and in-kind assistance, (2) housing infrastructure, (3) child care assistance, (4) refundable Earned Income Tax Credit, and (5) Medical Assistance Programs. The main outcomes were rates of maltreatment reporting, substantiations, foster care placements, and fatalities after adjustment for relevant confounders. Generalized estimating equations adjusted for federal spending and estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

States’ total spending was inversely associated with all maltreatment outcomes. For each additional $1000 states spent on benefit programs per person living in poverty, there was an associated −4.3% (adjusted IRR: 0.9573 [95% CI: 0.9486 to 0.9661]) difference in reporting, −4.0% (adjusted IRR: 0.903 [95% CI: 0.9534 to 0.9672]) difference in substantiations, −2.1% (adjusted IRR: 0.9795 [95% CI: 0.9759 to 0.9832]) difference in foster care placements, and −7.7% (adjusted IRR: 0.9229 [95% CI: 0.9128 to 0.9330]) difference in fatalities. In 2017, extrapolating $1000 of additional spending for each person living in poverty ($46.5 billion nationally, or 13.3% increase) might have resulted in 181 850 fewer reports, 28 575 fewer substantiations, 4168 fewer foster care placements, and 130 fewer fatalities.

CONCLUSIONS

State spending on benefit programs was associated with reductions in child maltreatment, which might offset some benefit program costs.
Biologics for Asthma and Allergic Skin Diseases in Children
Authors: De Keyser Heather Hoch , Chipps Bradley , Dinakar Chitra ,   SECTION ON ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY and SECTION ON PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY AND SLEEP MEDICINE
Published: October 2021

An estimated 7 million children in the United States have asthma, which causes a significant health care burden and affects quality of life. The minority of these children have asthma that does not respond to Global Initiative for Asthma steps 4 and 5 care, and biological medications are recommended at this level in the 2019 Global Initiative for Asthma recommendations. In addition, biologics have been introduced into the care of children with allergic skin diseases. Omalizumab and mepolizumab are approved for children as young as 6 years, and benralizumab and dupilumab are approved for people aged ≥12 years. Reslizumab is approved only for people aged ≥18 years. These monoclonal antibodies may be added for appropriate patients when asthma or allergic skin diseases are not well controlled. Pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists should work together and be aware of the benefits and risks of these medications for their patients, as well as the practical implications of providing these options for their patients. This clinical report serves as an evaluation of the current literature on these types of medications in the treatment of children with asthma and allergic skin disease.
Absolute summability of conjugate Fourier integrals by Voronoi-Nerlund method
Authors: Volkova N.I. , Ogol N.P.
Published: October 2021

We establish conditions of absolute summability of Fourier integrals and conjugate Fourier integrals by Voronoi-Nerlund method.
On numerical solution by method of V.K. Dzyadyk of Goursat problem with constant coefficients
Authors: Burlachenko V.P. , Romanenko Yu.I.
Published: October 2021

By means of Fourier-Chebyshev operators we construct, by approximative method, the generalized polynomial that approximates the solution of Goursat problem with constant coefficients. We obtain the efficient estimate of this approximation.
Construction of approximate solution and stability map of one set of differential equations with periodic coefficients, which can be reduced to canonical form
Authors: Shevchenko V.M. , Semenov V.O.
Published: October 2021

We construct the approximate solution and stability map of one set of differential equations with periodic coefficients.
First floristic study on epiphyllous bryophytes of the state Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Pesiu Elizabeth , Sarimi Muhammad Syafiq , Shafie Nor Aishah , Koid Chin Wen , Ghazaly Maziah , Norhazrina Nik , Pócs Tamás , Lee Gaik Ee
Published: October 2021

A floristic exploration was carried out of the epiphyllous bryophytes in Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, in the state of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Epiphyllous liverworts are reported for the first time from Terengganu. A total of 54 species from 18 genera and seven families of epiphyllous bryophytes were discovered, and of these, 43 liverworts are newly reported from Terengganu. The largest family is represented by Lejeuneaceae, with 44 species (81%) from 12 genera, and the largest genus is Cololejeunea, with 15 species (28%). Most of the species (43 spp., 69%) have an Indo-Pacific distribution.
Bogactwo i ubóstwo w średniowiecznej myśli chrześcijańskiej
Authors:   prof. dr hab., Katedra Ekonomii, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach, Polska, Zagóra-Jonszta Urszula
Published: October 2021

The subject of consideration is wealth and poverty in the views of representatives of Christian and medieval thought. The attitude to wealth and social inequalities has evolved along with the development of the Christian religion and its penetration into the higher spheres of society. Both the New Testament and the early church fathers are mostly negative about wealth and getting rich. In later centuries, private property no longer aroused such emotions – it was even thought that poverty is not pleasing to God. Property inequalities and the division of society into states were accepted, claiming that people cannot be equal to each other but equal to God. Canonist thought reached the highest level in the works of Thomas Aquinas.
Koszty systemu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w gminach w ujęciu procesowym
Authors:   mgr, Katedra Ekonomii Politycznej, Wydział Ekonomii i Finansów, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Łajewski Mateusz
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to identify the processes involved in the management of municipal waste in communes and to determine their cost-intensity. The research was carried out on 40 randomly selected communes of the Podlaskie voivodeship, which ensure the representativeness for this region. The following research methods were used: studies of the literature on the subject, analysis of national and local legal acts, and analysis of reports on the implementation of the budget for 2019. In addition, the multiple regression method was used to determine the level of influence of the explanatory variables (costs attributed to the processes of the municipal waste management system) on the explained variable (total costs of the municipal waste management system). The research shows that in a process approach, this system includes seven processes: establishing the legal framework for the system’s operation; providing the technical infrastructure; determining the method of financing the service; selecting the service contractor; collecting and transporting municipal waste; managing municipal waste; as well as controlling and monitoring the system. The analysis of the budget execution reports of 40 communes in the Podlaskie voivodeship shows that the municipal waste management systems generating the highest costs are in municipalities and cities with poviat rights and the lowest in rural communes, while the highest level of costs per capita are in urban-rural communes. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis determined that processes 5 and 6 – collection and transport of municipal waste – as well as its management, are the most cost-intensive and also determine the total system costs.
Wybrane koncepcje pomiaru nierówności dochodowych
Authors:   dr hab., Katedra Ekonomii, Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Politechnika Koszalińska, Polska, Przekota Grzegorz
Published: October 2021

Determining the level of income inequality requires the adoption of a specific measurement methodology. The aim of the study was to review and discuss the methodologies used to measure income inequality. Four measures are presented, each based on different assumptions. These measures were the Gini coefficient, Theil coefficient, Kukuła coefficient and unevenness coefficient. The first three measures, and in particular the Gini coefficient, are commonly described in the literature, while the unevenness coefficient is the author’s proposal for measuring income inequality. The empirical material for the research consists of data on the distribution of disposable income by decile groups in households in Poland for the years 2005–2017. The most important issue in practice regarding the measurement of income inequality was the transfer principle. Depending on the methodology adopted, the transfer of income is treated differently. The Gini, Theil and Kukula coefficients respond to any change in the income distribution, while the unevenness coefficient only to changes above the average. In a situation where the Gini coefficient (Theil and Kukula) decreases (increases), the level of inequality decreases (increases), but it is not known which transfers led to such a result. The decreasing (growing) unevenness coefficient means that these were transfers from groups with shares in income above (below) the average for groups with shares below (above) the average.
Nierówności w rozwoju cyfrowym w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   dr hab., prof. UEK, Katedra Statystyki, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Polska, Ulman Paweł , Ćwiek Małgorzata ,   dr, Katedra Statystyki, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Polska
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to assess the degree of differentiation of digital development in the European Union countries and to determine the factors that differentiate them. The research is based on data from Eurostat databases. The analysis included 20 indicators describing individual aspects of the digital development of countries, i.e. the use of digital technologies by individuals and households, activities of individuals in the field of e-administration, Internet use, ICT usage in enterprises and the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector. The study was conducted for all European Union countries, except for Malta, for which the data was found to be too deficient. In order to comprehensively present the problem of differentiation in the digital development of the studied European Union countries, the methods of linear and non-linear ordering were used. Linear ordering made it possible to indicate the position of individual countries in relation to the others due to digital development and its individual elements, while non-linear ordering allowed for their grouping into homogeneous groups using the full set of diagnostic variables. The conducted research confirmed the existence of significant disproportions in the digital development of the European Union countries and the still large spatial differentiation in the level of digital development between the southern and northern parts of the community. The analysis of inequalities within individual areas showed that the disproportions in access to the Internet and the necessary equipment are much smaller than the level of inequality related to the use of digital technologies in enterprises or in the public space. This implies efforts to strengthen digital skills.
Wzbogacona rzeczywistość a nierówności społeczne
Authors:   mgr, Katedra Systemów Informacyjnych i Logistyki, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin, Polska, Nieradka Piotr
Published: October 2021

This paper focuses on the technology of extended reality, whereby the aim is to draw attention to selected issues related to technology and solutions in the extended reality area in the context of social inequalities. The first part of the article discusses the essence of extended reality technology, paying attention to its place in the modern economy, along with a description of such solutions. The remainder of the study focuses on the issue of social inequality, with particular emphasis on the impact of extended reality on the problem of the digital gap and digital divide. The article presents the results of original research undertaken on a group of 88 respondents with both CAWI and equipment supporting augmented reality technology, of which 39.36% declared testing with this type of equipment in the past. The article also presents the results of original research with the use of XR equipment. XR-related solutions are currently still perceived as luxury goods, despite both the increasing availability for users and undoubtedly unique advantages. These include realism of generated experiences and the phenomenon of immersion in the synthetic world. The analysis of the role of such solutions in the context of social inequality provides a conclusion about their dichotomous nature. On the one hand, by popularizing the XR technology, the possibility of overcoming barriers and inequalities resulting from individual characteristics or social position is created, which leads to the improvement in the life situations of some people who have been struggling with exclusion so far. On the other hand, it provides the conclusion that such advanced technology entering everyday life has the potential to create another digital divide, which in the long term will result in increasing digital disproportions and exclusion.
Seniorzy „niewykluczeni” cyfrowo
Authors:   dr, Instytut Nauk Socjologicznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Garwol Katarzyna , Stebila Ján ,   PaedDr, PhD., Katedra Techniky a Technológií, Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Slovensko
Published: October 2021

The article describes the ways and scope of using digital technologies by Polish seniors. Older people are commonly considered to be digitally excluded people, and thus have difficulties with using the Internet and the equipment that is used to connect to it. The article presents a selective review of research that seems to contradict the thesis on the digital exclusion of seniors. More and more often they are active visitors of the virtual world, they carry out a number of activities via the Internet and appreciate the benefits it brings them. Seniors constitute a significant group both in Polish society and in the society of the entire European Union. Over the years, their percentage in relation to the general population will increase. To illustrate this fact, a significant part of the article describes the place of seniors in the demographic structure of Poland along with forecasts for the future in this area. The use of digital technologies by older people is described successively, especially with regard to the Internet and its devices. Possible reasons for the reluctance of older people to use IT technologies were analysed and exemplary government programs aimed at activating seniors in this area were described. Next, the results of research on the use of internet banking and online commerce by older people were presented, which showed that over the last decade their approach to these activities has changed significantly and they have become active participants in the online services market. Attention was drawn to the importance of the determinant of the age from which a given person can be considered a senior, as the results of the research differ significantly depending on whether the analysis covers people aged 60+ or 65+. In conclusion, it was accepted that modern seniors should no longer be defined as digitally excluded, despite the fact that this stereotype is still common in society.
Zmiany zachowań konsumenckich w zakresie przeprowadzania transakcji gotówkowych i bezgotówkowych
Authors:   dr, Katedra Finansów, Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Politechnika Koszalińska, Polska, Szczepańska-Przekota Anna
Published: October 2021

Contemporary changes involving the computerization of everyday life affect its every sphere. This is especially true of the financial world. Until recently, the basic form of payments were of cash, whereas currently they constitute only a small part of all in trade. Even in everyday shopping, payment cards are already widely used, and traditional money is systematically being replaced by non-cash money. Taking these observations into account, the aim of the study was to identify the pace of changes in consumer attitudes in the use of selected services offered by the banking sector, i.e. the use of ATMs and the use of payment cards. The work was based on quarterly data for the period 2005 Q1 – 2020 Q1 provided by the National Bank of Poland. The analyses examined the rate of changes and their seasonal distribution. The analyzed data show that society uses fewer and fewer cash withdrawals from ATMs, although larger amounts are withdrawn. The fact that ATMs are used less frequently reduces their number. However, the non-cash payments market is constantly developing. This form is characterized by the highest growth dynamics. There are also changes in seasonal behavior. Today, more transactions are made in the second and third quarters. Quite unexpectedly, it was observed that the number of transactions in the fourth quarters was lower than the number of transactions in the second and third quarters. However, the fewest transactions are invariably carried out in the first quarters. Depending on the instrument, the differences amount to two to ten percentage points. In general, research shows that in a stable market, trust in non-cash money grows at the expense of cash. Only a crisis situation – in 2020 it was the declaration of a pandemic – there is a slightly increased interest in cash.
Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Pediatric Primary Care Practice in Europe
Authors: Huss Gottfried , Magendie Christine , Pettoello-Mantovani Massimo , Jaeger-Roman Elke
Published: October 2021

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Morphological and cultural variability in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing vascular wilt of banana in Kerala
Authors: Lishma N. P. , Cherian K. Anita
Published: October 2021

Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most important diseases that affects the banana production which leads to huge economic loss. Thus, to avoid yield loss and manage the disease on time, morphological and cultural characterization of the pathogen is essential as a preliminary identification step. Thirty isolates were collected from different banana growing regions of Kerala. The isolates were grown on half strength PDA medium. The isolates showed extreme variations in their cultural and morphological characters. Most of the isolates produced white coloured aerial mycelium and few of them were greyish white with white to pink pigmentation. Colony diameter ranged from 59.6 to 90.0 mm at seven days after incubation at 25ºC. The mycelial growth rate varied from 0.83 cm/day to 2.40 cm/day. Length and breadth of macroconidia ranged from 15.01 to 20.20 μm and 2.14 to 5.07 μm whereas, it ranged from 4.49 to 7.42 μm and 1.35 to 3.13 μm for microconidia. The diameter of chlamydospores varied from 5.68 to 9.58 μm. Whereas, the inter septal length and breadth of hyphae varied from 16.14 μm to 22.94 μm and 4.22 μm to 6.57 μm. The cluster analysis based on the quantitative parameters classified the isolates based on variety and genome of the host plants. All the isolates from Rasthali/Poovan (AAB) and Njalipoovan (AB) belonged to the cluster A1 whereas the isolates from Kadali and Chenkadali varieties of banana formed the cluster A2. While, the clustering based on qualitative parameters was irrespective of the variety or genome of the host plant.
An assessment of constraints faced by sesame growing farmers in Kerala
Authors: Sreepriya S. , Girija T.
Published: October 2021

Identification of constraints and providing timely suggestions are important for sesame farmers in Kerala as the state has been witnessing a declining trend of the crop production. The study is concerned with the constraints faced by sesame growing farmers in Kerala. A field survey was conducted in three districts of Kerala viz., Alappuzha Kollam and Thrissur. Respondents included 30 farmers from each district. Garrett Ranking technique was used to rank the constraints faced in sesame production. As per the survey, high labour cost, excessive rain, drought, weed infestation, labour unavailability, pest and diseases, marketing problem, transportation, drying and threshing problem and storage problem were the constraints identified in the decreasing order of rank. Suggestions and methods to overcome the constraints were also provided.
Study on wear characteristics of tractor drawn rotavator blade of different steel materials
Authors: Yadav K. Aravinda , Sharma Ajay K.
Published: October 2021

A rotavator is popularly used to reduce the amount of time and labour spent in field preparation. However, wear of rotavator blades is very high, especially in sandy soil, which significantly affects its working life. The wear test of selected rotavator blades were conducted in circular soil bin made up of different steel materials like medium carbon steel (M1), high carbon steel (M2) and boron steel (M3) to observe the effect of different steel materials on wear. The wear rate of M1 blade, M2 blade and M3 blade were 26.36, 24.96 and 24.05 mg/min, respectively. The boron steel blade was found having maximum hardness 41.8 Rc followed by high carbon steel blade (41.3 Rc) and medium carbon steel blade (39.9 Rc).
Electronic sensors and biosensor used for automation in the food industry
Authors: Handa Priyanka , Singh Bhupinder
Published: October 2021

The current health pandemic and crisis has added a mountain of challenges across the food and beverage industry, as consumer buying patterns are changing and both production of goods and other business operations have been disrupted. Human touch should be minimized to reduce such kind of infections. So automation of food industry should be increased. The food industry has traditionally lagged behind other industries in adopting new technology, and plant automation is no exception. However, rapid advances in computer technology and heightened expectations of consumers and regulatory agencies for improved food quality and safety have forced the food industry to consider automation of most manufacturing processes. Though the food industry presents many unique challenges to complete automation, the industry has been successful in putting many automatic processes into place. Sensors and controllers are electronic devices and are the main backbone for the automation of food industry. In this paper some important electronic sensors and biosensors used for food automation are described.
Improvement of Educational Products Validation form in professional postgraduate programs
Authors: Zihlmann Karina Franco , Mazzaia Maria Cristina
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Educational Product and Technical-Technological Product constitute a specificity of postgraduate programs in the professional modality, a product that must be carefully evaluated by the programs and recorded on platforms of evaluating bodies. In 2019, a working group from the teaching area was assembled to create a Validation Form for these products. Thus, this article aims to present a proposal for improving this Validation Form for Educational/Technical-Technological Products, based on reflections treated in scientific articles and scientific events from the area, focusing on the relevance and need for this type of evaluation in a standardized way. It is intended to collaborate with the improvement of the evaluation processes and procedures of Educational/Technical-Technological Products for the necessary accuracy, representativeness, and homogeneity, which will allow the real dimensioning of the contributions of these products. This involves not only training qualified professionals, but also transforming practices in the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) [Brazil's Unified Health System], promoting advances in science and in its fields of application.
Privatização da CASAL no contexto da mercantilização da água na América Latina
Authors: Félix Tatiana Lyra Lima , Santos Neto Artur Bispo dos
Published: October 2021

Resumo No decorrer deste texto buscar-se-á apreender a categoria da mercadoria no interior da teoria marxiana, como ponto de inflexão para a compreensão do processo de transformação da água e do serviço de saneamento básico em mercadoria. A partir da crítica marxiana ao sistema do capital, intenta-se desvelar a peculiaridade da privatização da Companhia de Saneamento Básico de Alagoas (Casal) e como esta se plasma enquanto elemento de aprofundamento da dependência econômica da América Latina em relação aos imperativos do sistema financeiro e às diretrizes dos organismos de fomento internacional, os quais têm como premissa essencial expandir os mecanismos de acumulação mediante a espoliação das riquezas hídricas.
PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS ON ANXIETY CONTROL IN DENTISTRY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Soares Lopes Camila , De Azevedo Moreira Suellen , De Come Ramos Marcela , Viana Viola Naiana
Published: October 2021

Anxiety in dental patients is a problem for both dental surgeons and patients. Thus, therapies that aim to control this anxiety and thus favor the patient's collaboration during treatment become factors frequently studied in search of the best alternative for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review in the literature the use of herbal medicines in the control of dental anxiety. The bibliographic search was carried out in the databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scielo, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library. 57 articles were included in this study. Research evidence points to Valeriana officinalis and Passiflora incarnata as the most studied herbal medicines for controlling anxiety and adverse effects. Studies prove the relative safety in the use of these drugs, as well as their effectiveness, low cost, less concentration of active ingredients with better effects and lesser side effects when compared to benzodiazepines. However, the use of these medicinal plants requires further clarification as to their real effectiveness, correct dosage and side effects in conscious sedation in Dentistry.
Temperature and RH of normal concrete and mortar subjected to drying in an indoor residential environment
Authors: Kamran Mohammad , Sarkar Kaustav
Published: October 2021

The evolution of internal temperature and relative humidity (RH) distributions in initially saturated normal concrete and mortar cubes with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 stored in an indoor residential environment were recorded for over a year. Measurements at regular intervals were taken at six different depths from the exposed drying surface of each specimen. It was found that the internal temperature at all depths in the mortar and concrete samples followed the variations of ambient temperature closely, irrespective of the w/c ratio. While the effect of the w/c ratio on the mean internal RH in mortar was statistically negligible, it became discernible in concrete at points where the material had relatively lower saturation levels and when the effect of evaporation was low due to a low ambient temperature. A higher dosage of polycarboxylic ether based superplasticiser was found to delay the drop in internal RH. The recorded values of internal RH over the period of study were found to be conducive for the onset and propagation of carbonation-induced corrosion. A two-parameter linear model for the prediction of critical drying time with respect to spatial distance from the drying surface was developed.
Novel rotor effective wind speed estimation method for light detection and ranging application
Authors: Zhang Bojiong , Lin Yonggang , Chen Wenting , Liu Hang , Li Wei , Sun Yong , Liu Hongwei
Published: October 2021

The ‘Cyclops’ effect of the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system means that the LiDAR system can only measure wind speed at one point in space at a certain moment. However, for the purposes of wind turbine control, considering the wind information at the rotor plane with time stamps can be more precise. The wind speed attenuates due to the induction zone; however, Taylor's frozen hypothesis is commonly used in the application of LiDAR for the rotor effective wind speed estimation. The wind turbine is controlled directly by LiDAR measured data with constant time delay, which weakens LiDAR's effectiveness. In this paper, a novel LiDAR data pre-processing method is demonstrated. The Medici induction zone model is further refined with initial wind speed and different measured distances for accurate estimation. Furthermore, it makes online variable time delay of LiDAR data computation possible with the solution of the separated differential equation. Finally, the novel method is fully verified through field test results. The results show that the initial wind speed affected the attenuation factor within 1.4 times rotor radius and the error between the experimental value and the theoretical value is within 0.1 m/s.