bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s Online Handwriting Quality Analysis.
Authors: Akouaydi Hanen , Hamdi Yahia , Boubaker Houcine , Zaied Mourad , Alaya Cheikh Faouzi , Alimi Adel
Published: June 2021

An innovative e-learning project is presented in this paper, which is a mobile workbook that teaches handwriting at school. This mobile application proposes a new qualitative and quantitative analysis process of online cursive handwriting. It gives a real-time feedback, detects mistakes and helps teachers evaluate children’s writing skills. The main aim of this notebook is to aid kids learn how to write correctly. We analyze handwriting according to major criteria like shape, kinematics of the trace, position respect to the reference lines,

stroke order and direction.
Measuring Structural and Psychological Empowerment in Nursing Profession: Scale Validation through Pilot Study
Authors: Najia Shaikh  , Ashique Jhatial  , Muneerudin Soomro
Published: June 2021

Research in the field of the nursing profession has attained its heights, especially in the developed countries. Most of the research in this field has addressed nursing empowerment, work attitude, and organizational outcomes. This study aims to extend understanding of whether structural and psychological empowerment drive work outcomes. Thus, this study has attempted to develop and customize a scale for primary data collection. Researchers highlighted various steps of questionnaire development, data collection procedure, and establishing reliability and validity at the pilot level. These steps help researchers to ground data collection tools in extant literature. Initial findings from pilot study data are reported. Data for this study was collected through a closed-ended questionnaire by employing a convenience sampling technique from registered nurses from public-private sector hospitals in Hyderabad, Sindh. Cronbach’s alpha, mean, and corrected total-item correlation for all items are well above the threshold values. Findings of EFA shown that there are seven factors in the model. The CFA identified that every factor arises as a single factor and loads onto its construct with significant levels of indices.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii infection among Orang Asli communities in Slim River, Perak
Authors: Saidin Syazwan , Abu Bakar Adibah , Mohd Zain Badrul Munir
Published: June 2021

Entamoeba infection is still widespread in Malaysia’s rural area particularly among Orang Asli communities which usually associated with poverty and lack of sanitation. Due to scarce information on these Entamoeba infections in Slim River, Perak we conducted this study to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors towards this infection. A total of 55 stool samples from voluntary participants with and without symptoms of amoebiasis were collected and examined using PCR technique. PCR analysis showed 16.4% stool samples were detected positive for Entamoeba spp., discriminated as 7.3% that were positive for E. histolytica and 9.1% for E. dispar. No E. moshkovskii was detected at all. Factors such as indiscriminate defecation, improper sewage disposal and not washing hand after playing with soil or gardening showed significant association with E. histolytica infection; while gastrointestinal symptom such as vomiting was associated with E. dispar infection. In conclusion, the study reveals there is still an occurrence of Entamoeba spp. among Orang Asli communities in Slim River, Perak. This implies that good personal and hygiene practices should be enhanced through awareness strategy to control Entamoeba infections in Orang Asli communities in Malaysia.
The Oxford Face Matching Test: A non-biased test of the full range of individual differences in face perception
Authors: Stantic Mirta , Brewer Rebecca , Duchaine Bradley , Banissy Michael J. , Bate Sarah , Susilo Tirta , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey
Published: June 2021

Tests of face processing are typically designed to identify individuals performing outside of the typical range; either prosopagnosic individuals who exhibit poor face processing ability, or super recognisers, who have superior face processing abilities. Here we describe the development of the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT), designed to identify individual differences in face processing across the full range of performance, from prosopagnosia, through the range of typical performance, to super recognisers. Such a test requires items of varying difficulty, but establishing difficulty is problematic when particular populations (e.g., prosopagnosics, individuals with autism spectrum disorder) may use atypical strategies to process faces. If item difficulty is calibrated on neurotypical individuals, then the test may be poorly calibrated for atypical groups, and vice versa. To obtain items of varying difficulty, we used facial recognition algorithms to obtain face pair similarity ratings that are not biased towards specific populations. These face pairs were used as stimuli in the OFMT, and participants were required to judge whether the face images depicted the same individual or different individuals. Across five studies the OFMT was shown to be sensitive to individual differences in the typical population, and in groups of both prosopagnosic individuals and super recognisers. The test-retest reliability of the task was at least equivalent to the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Glasgow Face Matching Test. Furthermore, results reveal, at least at the group level, that both face perception and face memory are poor in those with prosopagnosia, and are good in super recognisers.
ACIDOS GRASOS, TOCOFEROLES Y FITOESTEROLES EN ACEITES DE SEMILLAS DE GRANADILLA Y ZAPALLO EXTRAIDO CON CO2 SUPERCRITICO
Authors: Baquerizo Canchumanya Mery , Artica Mallqui Luis , Rosales Papa Hermes , Rodríguez Paucar Gilbert
Published: June 2021

En la presente investigación se determinó las características fisicoquímicas, composición de ácidos grasos, tocoferoles y fitoesteroles del aceite obtenido de semillas de granadilla y zapallo mediante la tecnología del CO2 supercrítico. Se obtuvieron los frutos de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) y zapallo (Cucurbita maxima) y se extrajeron las semillas, luego deshidratadas a 60°C x 24 horas y posterior molienda para la obtención del aceite en extractor de fluido supercrítico bajo las condiciones de 350 bar y 50°C y flujo de CO2 de 3 mL/min. Se analizaron la composición de ácidos grasos, en la fracción saponificable de los aceites, se encontró ácido araquidónico y oleico y 82,37 % de ácidos grasos insaturados en semilla de granadilla y ácido oleico, araquidónico y linoleico y 76,01 % de ácidos grasos insaturados en semilla de zapallo y en la fracción insaponificable presentó α-Tocoferol de 17,85 μg/g en granadilla y 33,67 μg/g en zapallo y en la composición de fitoesteroles se encontró β-sitosterol 13,56 mg/100g en granadilla y 19,50 mg/100g en zapallo. Estos aceites obtenidos presentan características fisicoquímicas de aceites comestibles y presentan alto porcentaje de ácidos grasos insaturados, por lo que pueden ser aprovechados en formulaciones en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC FILMS BASED ON COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND BUTYL ACRYLATE OBTAINED BY HETEROGENEOUS POLYMERIZATION IN SEMICONTINUOUS
Authors: Neira Velázquez M. Guadalupe , Puca Pacheco Mercedes , Canché Escamilla Gonzalo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work was to synthesize copolymers of styrene (St) and butyl acrylate (AB) cross-linked with allyl methacrylate by semicontinuous heterogeneous polymerization in order to study the mechanical properties of the polymeric films prepared from the latexes obtained. Copolymer latexes were stable and nanoparticles with spherical morphology were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The latexes had final conversions between 92,5 and 97,0%, which were determined by the gravimetric method, and a solids content close to 20%. The nanoparticles of latex had an average diameter of 59,1; 55,1 and 49,0 nm for monomer dosing rates of 0,75; 0,45 and 0,15 g/min, respectively. By means of mechanical characterization of the polymeric films and according to the statistical analysis, it was found that when the monomer dosage rate decreased in the synthesis, the mean particle diameter and molecular weight also decreased, and with it a decrease in its Young's Modulus (MPa).
Orbital Evolution of Equal-mass Eccentric Binaries due to a Gas Disk: Eccentric Inspirals and Circular Outspirals
Authors: D’Orazio Daniel J. , Duffell Paul C.
Published: June 2021

We solve the equations of two-dimensional hydrodynamics describing a circumbinary disk accreting onto an eccentric, equal-mass binary. We compute the time rate of change of the binary semimajor axis a and eccentricity e over a continuous range of eccentricities spanning e = 0 to e = 0.9. We find that binaries with initial eccentricities e
0 ≲ 0.1 tend to e = 0, where the binary semimajor axis expands. All others are attracted to e ≈ 0.4, where the binary semimajor axis decays. The e ≈ 0.4 attractor is caused by a rapid change in the disk response from a nearly origin-symmetric state to a precessing asymmetric state. The state change causes the time rates of change

a

̇

and

e

̇

to steeply change sign at the same critical eccentricity resulting in an attracting solution where

a

̇

=

e

̇

=
0

. This does not, however, result in a stalled, eccentric binary. The finite transition time between disk states causes the binary eccentricity to evolve beyond the attracting eccentricity in both directions resulting in oscillating orbital parameters and a drift of the semimajor axis. For the chosen disk parameters, binaries with e
0 ≳ 0.1 evolve toward and then oscillate around e ≈ 0.4 where they shrink in semimajor axis. Because unequal mass binaries grow toward equal mass through preferential accretion, our results are applicable to a wide range of initial binary mass ratios. Hence, these findings merit further investigations of this disk transition; understanding its dependence on disk parameters is vital for determining the fate of binaries undergoing orbital evolution with a circumbinary disk.
L’égalité comme norme d’action publique après la décentralisation. L’éducation et les gouvernements régionaux
Authors: Dupuy Claire
Published: June 2021

En France, comme dans les autres pays européens où les politiques d’éducation ont été au moins pour partie régionalisées, le débat politique et certains pans du débat académique ont placé en leur centre la question de l’égalité. Cet article propose de contribuer à la réflexion en s’intéressant aux normes d’action publique et à leurs évolutions après les réformes institutionnelles ayant présidé aux transferts de compétences éducatives aux gouvernements régionaux en France. La régionalisation de compétences éducatives a-t-elle conduit à un changement des normes sectorielles partagées par les acteurs de l’éducation ? L’égalité sociale et l’égalité territoriale à l’école sont-elles devenues des normes de second rang pour l’action publique régionale derrière des normes sectorielles privilégiant en particulier l’innovation et la différenciation territoriale ? Pour examiner ces questions, deux périodes qui correspondent chacune à une conjoncture critique des politiques régionales d’éducation ont été sélectionnées. La première suit immédiatement les transferts des lycées aux gouvernements régionaux et la seconde commence à la fin des années 1990 lorsque les gouvernements régionaux introduisent des mesures d’action publique en dehors du cadre formel des compétences prévues par les lois de décentralisation. Sur cette base, l’article montre que les normes sectorielles d’égalité prévalant avant la décentralisation des lycées continuent à structurer l’élaboration de l’action publique par les gouvernements régionaux après la décentralisation. L’égalité persiste comme norme d’action publique en éducation après la régionalisation.
Enseigner les « faits religieux » ? Aléas d’une expression malheureuse, du rapport Joutard (1989) aux préconisations du Conseil des sages de la laïcité (2018)
Authors: Rota Olivier
Published: June 2021

L’expression « fait(s) religieux », popularisée par le rapport de Régis Debray sur l’enseignement du fait religieux dans l’école laïque (2002), a longtemps été présentée comme « de bonne diplomatie », à défaut de relever d’une « bonne épistémologie ». Le présent article retrace l’histoire de l’adoption de cette expression par les milieux de l’enseignement et de la recherche depuis le rapport Joutard (1989). Nous présenterons le contexte qui a présidé à cette adoption, puis retracerons les éléments du débat scientifique depuis 2002, jusqu’à la note du Conseil des sages de la laïcité au ministre de l’Éducation nationale, datée du 25 novembre 2018. Ce dernier document, qui se présente comme la synthèse argumentée de deux décennies de débats, pointe du doigt les insuffisances et les contradictions d’une expression qui pouvait déjà apparaître comme dépassée au début du millénaire, mais dont l’usage a persisté faute de meilleures propositions.
Expérimenter les massages en classe pour contribuer au bien-être à l’école ? Étude qualitative des effets constatés par les enseignants
Authors: Necker Sophie
Published: June 2021

Dans un contexte scolaire où le bien-être est considéré à la fois comme objectif et moyen (pour mieux apprendre), une multitude et une diversité d’actions, de projets et programmes sont conçus et mis en œuvre dans le but de contribuer au bien-vivre à l’école. Cet article analyse les effets attribués à un programme de massage entre élèves par neuf enseignants qui y ont participé avec leur classe, le Massage In Schools Programme (MISP). Dans une approche qualitative à posture inductive, des entretiens semi-directifs ont permis de repérer ce que le MISP a « fait » aux classes. Les effets pointés par les enseignants sont valorisés principalement positivement. Ils concernent les élèves comme les enseignants et appartiennent à différents registres de l’activité humaine. Ils incitent à interroger la spécificité de ce qui se joue dans ce programme en termes d’expérience vécue et de bien-être perçu. Ils conduisent également à discuter la conséquence du programme sur l’évaluation (au sens étymologique) des élèves et de leurs comportements, par les enseignants.
Is the role of purpose at a crossroads? A novel conceptualization and insights from the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Winter Andreas , Germelmann Claas Christian
Published: June 2021

Le débat sur le rôle de l'objectif dans le management organisationnel et le marketing prend de l'ampleur. Si les partisans comme les détracteurs voient leurs positions confirmées, aucun consensus ne s'est encore dégagé sur la définition de l’objectif, et une réflexion scientifique essentielle fait défaut. L'article fournit une compréhension fondamentale de l'objectif supérieur défini comme une raison primordiale, qui s’inscrit dans le long terme, jamais entièrement réalisable et indispensable pour qu'une organisation existe. Il l'introduit comme un élément central du management organisationnel. Un cadre conceptuel est dérivé pour éclairer ses dimensions ainsi que pour fournir des lignes directrices pour une utilisation opérationnelle. En utilisant les informations de la pandémie COVID-19, l'article met en évidence différents aspects du cadre et met en lumière les rôles clés de la pertinence perçue et de l'authenticité perçue pour le développement d'un objectif supérieur. L'article se termine en résumant les résultats, en identifiant les limites principales et en discutant d’autres voies futures de recherches.
For the love of IT ® : Comment améliorer l’efficacité des slogans contenant le pronom IT ?
Authors: Didi Alaoui Mohamed , Mathurin Élise
Published: June 2021

Cet article propose un cadre d’analyse pour améliorer l’efficacité des slogans contenant le pronom it . En se fondant sur des recherches en linguistique sur la référence et sur la théorie des niveaux de représentation, nous avançons que les slogans contenant un pronom it faiblement ( vs fortement) référentiel sont plus efficaces lorsqu’ils sont intégrés dans une publicité proposant un cadrage abstrait ( vs concret). Nous suggérons que cet effet d’adéquation entre le continuum de référentialité de it et le degré d’abstraction de la publicité permet de fluidifier le traitement de l’information du consommateur, ce qui améliore par la suite ses réponses attitudinales et comportementales. Cet article met également en avant les contributions théoriques de ce cadre d’analyse dans la littérature sur les slogans et propose différentes implications managériales qui convergent avec certaines pratiques existantes.
The role of attitudes towards specific types of ads on decisions regarding the search for a position
Authors: Linhart Zdeněk , Uxová Kristýna , Pexová Tereza , Boháček Jiří , Matisko Peter , Špaček Miroslav
Published: June 2021

L'attitude envers un type spécifique d'annonces (AST) génère des décisions fatales et rapides. L'incorporation de l'attitude à l’égard de la publicité en général (AAG) échoue en raison de l'acceptation anticipée d'AST. Les appels de peur, d'intrusion et de défi de ceux cherchant leur propre poste dans leur future carrière ont été utilisés pour trouver AST. L'objectif était d'opérationnaliser la rétention des sujets émergents en fonction des attitudes trouvées envers des types spécifiques d'annonces. Trois études de cas ont observé l'effet de la pression stipulée d'une part, des annonces intrusives et instructives d'autre part, des entretiens d'embauche, et troisièmement, des offres d'emploi. Premièrement, les attitudes opposées des jeunes et des moins jeunes permettent à ces derniers de résister à la pression de l'AG due à l'accumulation d'expériences en termes d’affects et d’émotions. Deuxièmement, les entretiens d'embauche ont montré que les groupes à style managérial démocratique acceptent l'AST des stoïciens et les épicuriens acceptent l'AST le style managérial libéral. Troisièmement, les messages AST testés sur les publicités sont en concurrence avec la gestion du personnel. Par conséquent, les campagnes AST peuvent augmenter la productivité des managers si elles sont utilisées.
Santé mentale au travail : des problèmes aggravés par la pandémie
Authors: Gril Emmanuelle
Published: June 2021

En plus de ses conséquences désastreuses sur l’économie, la pandémie de COVID-19 a eu de lourdes répercussions sur la santé mentale de la population. Les travailleurs n’ont pas échappé à cette vague de fond qui menace d’en engloutir plusieurs sur son passage. Constats et pistes de solution.
On a lu pour vous – L’exemple des grands aventuriers, de Amy Posey et Kevin Vallely
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: June 2021

Alors que le monde traverse une longue crise, comment utiliser la sagesse acquise par les grands aventuriers pour mieux faire face à l’adversité ? Qu’on affronte les plus grosses vagues, les glaciers les plus dangereux, les sommets les plus périlleux, voire une salle de conseil d’entreprise, les embûches sont parfois similaires. Cet ouvrage présente sept aventures, soit autant de leçons de vie et… de leadership.
Hartman and Nirenberg type results for systems of delay differential equations under $ (\omega,Q) $-periodic conditions
Authors: Amster Pablo , Déboli Alberto , Pinto Manuel
Published: June 2021

We consider the \begin{document}$ (\omega,Q) $\end{document}-periodic problem for a system of delay differential equations, where \begin{document}$ Q $\end{document} is an invertible matrix. Existence and multiplicity of solutions is proven under different conditions that extend well-known results for the periodic case \begin{document}$ Q = I $\end{document} and anti-periodic case \begin{document}$ Q = -I $\end{document}. In particular, the results apply to biological models with mixed terms of Nicholson, Lasota or Mackey type, and also vectorial versions of Nicholson or Mackey-Glass models.
Apprendre à affronter l’incertitude dès l’école primaire grâce à la discussion à visée philosophique
Authors: Briançon Muriel , Marty Amanda
Published: June 2021

L’article expose en quoi la discussion à visée philosophique (DVP) participe à apprendre à affronter l’incertitude et l’inconnu. À partir de l’idée que la pensée complexe est nécessaire en éducation, sont redéveloppées les thèses philosophiques de la Non-réalité qui indiquent que l’inconnu peut et doit avoir sa place dans les apprentissages scolaires. L’élève peut-il apprendre à affronter les incertitudes à l’école primaire ? L’incertitude étant liée à la notion d’inconnu, celle-ci peut-elle devenir un nouvel objet de savoir scolaire ? Dans notre perspective théorique de L’Altérité enseignante et de l’Aussersein meinongien, il existe bien un savoir de l’inconnu qui mérite sa place dans les apprentissages scolaires. La discussion à visée philosophique peut-elle alors devenir le dispositif privilégié au service de cet apprentissage ? Notre revue des moyens d’affronter l’incertitude et la recension de ses dimensions nous permet d’établir des grilles d’interprétation des propos d’élèves de six à onze ans recueillis lors de deux DVP. Nos interprétations montrent que la DVP permet aux enfants de travailler directement leur rapport à l’inconnu (non-savoir). Des zones non pensées et des compétences à développer pourraient devenir de nouveaux enjeux d’apprentissages dans l’école de demain.
Le rôle de l’enseignant dans la construction de contenus en situation de débats philosophiques ou disciplinaires
Authors: Destailleur Audrey
Published: June 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche basée sur l’observation de douze séances de débats menées au cycle 3 de l’école élémentaire en philosophie, en lecture-littérature et en sciences. Partant d’une analyse didactique comparative, il s’agit de mettre en évidence les spécificités de l’organisation et de la conduite des débats par l’enseignant au cours des débats en philosophie. L’analyse du notre corpus constitué de la retranscription de ces trois séries de débats mis en œuvre en philosophie, en lecture-littérature et en sciences par quatre enseignants, permet de spécifier les choix des enseignants concernant la mise en œuvre singulière du débat en philosophie et de décrire de manière contrastive la gestion discursive des débats dans les autres disciplines par les enseignants en se centrant sur l’étayage.
Treating Bruised Badges
Authors: Rubim Lucas , Rubim Felipe , Papazoglou Konstantinos , Blumberg Daniel M.
Published: June 2021

Policing may lead officers to physical, psychological, and emotional distress. Nonetheless, there is an additional, albeit less studied, threat to officers' well-being. Moral risks, an umbrella term encompassing two interrelated moral struggles—moral distress and moral injury—exacerbate officers' emotional difficulties, spiritual distress, and job dissatisfaction, as well as increase the likelihood of officer misconduct. However, there are psychological interventions that help to minimize the intensity of the psychological and behavioral problems associated with these moral risks and facilitate officers' recovery from these difficulties. This chapter examines the utilization of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and other techniques to treat the moral suffering of law enforcement personnel. It provides practical suggestions for using the strategies of these modalities to increase police officers' well-being.
An Interview With Chief DeGiusti of the Ypsilanti, MI Police Department
Authors: Steinert Steven W.
Published: June 2021

Chief DeGiusti, of the Ypsilanti Police Department, provides his insights about working as a police Chief in Ypsilanti, MI. He discusses aspects of police training and performance enhancement that are currently in place and those that are still needed. Chief DeGiusti also discusses his philosophies of policing and how he works to implement those philosophies within his department. Chief DeGiusti provides a unique perspective about how researchers can contribute to meaningful change in law enforcement.
Organizational Resilience During Times of Trauma
Authors: Rhone Cynthia Calloway
Published: June 2021

Effective communication and resilience are integral components in an organization's structure, particularly during and after situations of trauma. Trauma includes both internal factors (i.e., layoffs, mergers, unexpected changes in management, lack of positive social support) and external factors (natural disasters, economic insecurity, social violence). An organization's level of resilience to these factors is determined by the event's type, timing, location, rate of recurrence, and duration. In addition, proactive planning impacts organizational resilience. This chapter will focus on the importance of resilience during times of trauma, how resilience relates to leadership, and mental health experiences by employees.
Environmental Crimes and Green Victimization
Authors: Fegadel Averi R.
Published: June 2021

The field of criminology continues to give little attention to the behaviors and crimes that adversely impact the environment although decades of research has highlighted these crimes result in greater social harms, losses, and deaths compared to traditional street crimes. Moreover, these crimes are met with little consequences despite several laws and regulations charged with protecting the environment and public welfare. As a result, residents of minority and poor communities are faced with social, racial, and economic inequalities. This draws attention to the green victimization of marginalized groups and underrepresented populations worldwide. In the United States, these groups include Native Americans, low-income white communities, and prisoners. On a global scale, examples include the Amungme tribe, those who work and live near tanneries in Bangladesh, and Indigenous environmental activists. The chapter seeks to identify and raise awareness of invisible victims of environmental crimes.
The Victimization of Older Adults in Prison
Authors: Daquin Jane C. , Helmly Victoria , Daigle Leah E.
Published: June 2021

Researchers have documented the differential risks that people in prison face of victimization. Although older adults in prison—those 50 years or older—generally face lower risks of being victimized than younger people in prison, the unique experience of this group warrants investigation. Connected to the importation/deprivation and the lifestyle/routine activities perspectives, older adults in prison face challenges connected to their physical and mental health that may shape their likelihood of victimization. These challenges are considered through the lens of gerontology and the life course perspective to illuminate how those who work with people in prison may better serve older adults.
Small-Scale Development of Product
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Agarwal Swati , Khan Suphiya
Published: June 2021

Small-scale product development is not for everyone, and it needs a high level of discipline, dedication, persistence, and creativity as well as a lot of work. Before setting up a small-scale business, one needs seed money, physical location of the business venture, construction work, equipment/machinery maintenance, management skills, accounting skills, and last but not least, marketing skills. For the development of any area, the small-scale industry development is very important mainly for the income source of the community and for employment opportunities. On the basis of study, four strategies that are used for the development of small-scale industries were found, and these strategies are 1) promotion and development of institutional, business groups, and cooperatives; 2) determination brands; 3) strategy competition with low cost and product development; 4) to improve final access market orientation strategies. On the basis of analysis of these strategies, they are prioritized, and the first priority is strategy.
The Role of the Indian Government in Bioentrepreneurship
Authors: Mathur Shubhita
Published: June 2021

Entrepreneurship correlates to the entrepreneur who is creative, has risk taking capability, promotes capital formation, and seeks out investment opportunities in the market. In the National Institute for Transforming India Aayog's 5th Governing Council, the Government of India (GoI) aims to take the Indian economy to USD 5 trillion by 2024. Thus, India needs to significantly increase employment opportunities for which GoI is promoting skill development through biotechnology entrepreneurship and investing appreciably with a special focus on R&D to develop India into a world class bio-manufacturing hub. The DBT in collaboration with BIRAC has implemented flagship schemes such as ‘Make in India' and ‘Start up India'. The major objectives of this chapter are to lay out (1) the role of GoI to empower startups for growth through innovation and design, (2) a detailed overview of the various schemes offered by GoI for promoting skill development and innovation through bio-entrepreneurship, (3) major challenges faced by the government for implementation of schemes.
Bioentrepreneurship in Agricultural Biotechnology
Authors: Jain Avni , Singh Neha , Kumari Sonu , Khan Suphiya
Published: June 2021

The agricultural biotechnology sector shares a common scientific foundation with the therapeutic biotechnology sector, including similar characteristics of a lengthy time to market for emerging products. But the challenges, goals, and opportunities for agricultural applications of biotechnology provide a very different context for innovation and entrepreneurs. Innovation means something novel, which can be a process or a way of doing something novel. Biotechnology entrepreneurship is summing all integrated activities that can create, develop, and finally, commercialize a biotechnology product. These sectors offer new business opportunities that, like agricultural biotechnology trait creation, enable entrepreneurs to think about creating disruptive businesses, not just disruptive technologies for today's business models. In this chapter, the authors conclude the unique aspects of entrepreneurship in the industry of biotechnology in contract with other industries and also discuss the importance of biotechnology entrepreneurs in agriculture.
Challenges of the Homeless People During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Omar Noralina , Jasni Mohd Alif
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade, the problem of homelessness has increased. The number of homeless people has been increasing dramatically in the last few years, and the composition of the homeless community has also changed significantly during that period. In Malaysia, they are marginalized communities that are excluded by the society or excluded by themselves due to various factors. They also lack various resources and abilities to meet living needs. The challenges of homeless life turned out to be worse when the country faced the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. Three challenges were discussed in this chapter: loss of livelihood, obtaining food, compliance to SOPs and health levels. Effective interventions should take into account these challenges and the constraints of existing life to ensure their survival and well-being as well as reduce the population of homeless people in the country.
Pandemics
Authors: Moye Carol A.
Published: June 2021

The whisper of COVID-19 floated through schools like a wind blowing in the midst of a late winter day. A harbinger of something remote seemed so far away from everyday life, yet imminently chilling and foreboding. Spring 2020 erupted into distinct intersections: COVID-19 and the murder of George Floyd. What began as a highly anticipated sense of renewal morphed into living life in a bubble of surrealism in the midst of a national shutdown. Americans became astounded witnesses to the disruption, and at times destruction, of their lives and livelihoods, signifying a modern-day time of trials and tribulations. No time in recent history has tested the fortitude of so many. Yet, this time has also presented an opportunity to determine who educators are and who they will become. The uncertainty as a result of the shutdown of the education system, its transformation, and re-launch has driven educators to reevaluate their future roles.
Electronic Payment Systems in Electronic Commerce
Authors: Kuscu Rana Atabay , Cicekcisoy Yasemin , Bozoklu Umit
Published: June 2021

Technological advances and correspondingly the spreading usage of the Internet have significantly changed commerce, and also the concept of money has become more abstract. Customers with the help of the technological advances don't have the necessity of cash money, and consumers/firms tend towards alternative payment methods. At this point, electronic commerce (e-commerce) web sites have started to use block chaining payment methods. In this digital world, new payment technologies have started to spread far and wide thanks to fast improvements in payment technologies, and they offer different options in payment methods. Each electronic payment (e-payment) system has some advantages; however, each of them has some disadvantages as well. The aim of this study is to investigate the e-payment systems which are different from traditional payment methods.
Evaluating E-Commerce-Related Distribution and Warehousing in Terms of Sustainability
Authors: Demirkıran Yeliz , Dizbay Ikbal Ece
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, the relationships between logistics operations and e-commerce are investigated. The logistics operations are discussed under the distribution and warehousing subjects. The effects of e-commerce on these activities are analyzed by considering the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability in a broad perspective. For evaluating distribution of e-commerce products, current last-mile operations, trends, and future expectations are investigated in the sustainability concept. Furthermore, the effects of e-commerce on warehouse types and operations are presented. Besides that, location and layout of warehouses, materials used in warehouse buildings, and material handling equipment are discussed with a sustainability perspective.
Exploring the Influence of Live Streaming in Mobile Commerce on Adoption Intention From a Social Presence Perspective
Authors: Liu Zixi , Yang Jian , Ling Lin
Published: June 2021

With the rise of live streaming, many internet companies began to carry out the live streaming business, and this system was applied in various fields. Due to the emergence of e-commerce live streaming in recent years, the studies on it are not comprehensive. And for the construction of live streaming of mobile e-commerce, it is rarely considered from the perspective of users' hedonic needs. This study combined with the social presence theory to build a conceptual model explored the impact of this system on users' intention to adopt from the perspective of enjoyment feeling. The results show visual scene positively affects users' perceived enjoyment, visual scene and communication function have positive effect on social presence, social presence has positive effect on perceived enjoyment, and perceived enjoyment positively affects users' adoption intention. Finally, the authors provide practical suggestions and strategies for platform operators and sellers.
Influence Factors of Online Shopping Food Quality Performance Considering the Relationship Quality
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Xie Lijuan , Xu Lan
Published: June 2021

Most of the existing research relating to online shopping are focused on the analysis of customers' purchase intention and loyalty, but lack influencing factors on the quality performance of online shopping food. This article introduces the relationship quality, and constructs a model of relationship quality, logistics service quality, information sharing, supplier quality management and quality performance. This is done through an empirical study, taking 145 online food businesses as an example. At the same time, the relationship quality not only has an effect on the quality performance through information sharing, logistics service quality and supplier quality management, but also has an indirect effect on quality performance through information sharing and logistics service quality or information sharing and supplier quality management.
What Makes Customers Repurchase Grocery Products from Online Stores in Korea
Authors: Park Jin Yong , Thangam Dhanabalan
Published: June 2021

To understand customer repurchase intention in online stores, the present study has evolved with three variables: customer trust, loyalty, and satisfaction. A theoretical model was also developed to examine customer repurchase intention towards online shopping. The observation unit of this research is online stores and the analytical unit is the customers who have been purchasing grocery products via online. A random sampling technique was used to select the respondents and who are easily accessible. The data was collected from 645 online customers in Seoul. The data was analyzed with a structural measurement equation model by using Partial Least Square 3.0. Outcomes of study showed that, customer satisfaction and trust were the significant predictors of customer repurchase intention. The effect of customer loyalty towards repurchase intention seems to be very low. Hence, online retailers have advised to concentrate more on the activities needed to increase customer loyalty and to purchase more.
Impact of Mood of the Millennial Customers on Purchase of Apparels Online
Authors: Thakur Anusha
Published: June 2021

In today's scenario, the millennials are keen towards the mobile technology wherein they expect to use the best of it in all aspects of their lives. Online channels help the millennials to enhance their shopping experiences by taking a glance at the reviews, ratings, value, and pricing of the products. This can be attributed to the streamlined services coupled with the free trials and delivery, and additional discounts offered by the apps. But, at the same time, how their mood affects their decision is still a question. For instance, if the consumers are in a good mood, they are likely to shop more. However, if they are in a low mood, they might not shop for anything. This study includes the mind and mood analysis of the young millennial consumers while shopping for apparels online. The study will involve in-depth interviews of 21 customers. The analysis will be done through the Leximancer tool. Additionally, this chapter would help the retailers understand the range of mood, which the customers display while purchasing apparels online and accordingly devise their strategies.
Commissioning Development to Externals
Authors: Gokce Yasir
Published: June 2021

Bringing externals in the critical business processes and having them assume some or all of the responsibilities associated with the critical business functions comes with information security risks whose impact, if materialized, could be disastrous for business and therefore warrants a meticulous and holistic approach for managing those risks. Compounded with the engagement of externals in the development process, risks facing a development project require robust risk management by the outsourcing organization. The organization should be able influence the security behavior of those externals and induce them to comply with certain secure development principles and practices. Delving deep into those risks brought about by suppliers, this study aims at offering a methodology in addressing the risks associated with commissioning some or all components of a would-be-developed product to externals and shows how those risks can be mitigated by controlling the security behavior of suppliers through well-tailored contractual provisions.
Foundations for Knowledge and Belief Management
Authors: Girle Roderic A.
Published: June 2021

Three foundational principles are introduced: intelligent systems such as those that would pass the Turing test should display multi-agent or interactional intelligence; multi-agent systems should be based on conceptual structures common to all interacting agents, machine and human; and multi-agent systems should have an underlying interactional logic such as dialogue logic. In particular, a multi-agent rather than an orthodox analysis of the key concepts of knowledge and belief is discussed. The contrast that matters is the difference between the different questions and answers about the support for claims to know and claims to believe. A simple multi-agent system based on dialogue theory which provides for such a difference is set out.
Identifying Forward and Backward Linkages From China's Infrastructure Investment in Africa
Authors: Omoruyi Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell
Published: June 2021

The continent of Africa must industrialize to eradicate poverty and create jobs for its 12 million African youth who join its workforce yearly. One of the major factors hindering industrialization has been the insufficient stock of productive infrastructure that would permit companies to thrive in industries with robust comparative advantage. Within the context of Africa-China cooperation, China has emerged as a key partner to several African nations, including financing as well as constructing large-scale infrastructure projects. With emphasis on the Tazara railway, Mombasa-Nairobi railway, and Ghana Bui hydropower dam, this paper employs backward and forward linkages theory to investigate what role these three Chinese-led infrastructure projects play in African infrastructure development and what the infrastructure investment leads to concerning creating new opportunities and businesses for Africa. The paper discovers that these three Chinese-led infrastructure projects have multiple gains and linkages for and beyond the three various projects areas. Above all, these three Chinese-led infrastructure projects were seen by the Chinese government to fulfil its goals in Africa.
Textured K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Thin Films by Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition on SrTiO3 Substrates for MEMS Applications
Authors: Pham Ky Nam , Vu Trong Dai , Nguyen Nguyen Dinh , Vu Tien Dat
Published: June 2021

Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films were fabricated on (100) oriented SrTiO3 substrates by spin coating a stable environmentally friendly aqueous KNN precursor. Homogeneous films with an average grain size down to 60 nm were observed after heat treatment at 900 °C. The high degree of texture was confirmed by XRD. The intensity of the KNN (100) reflection for films on (100) oriented substrates increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 900 °C. The ferroelastic and piezoelectric properties of the film was confirmed by PFM. Local piezoelectric properties of selected films will be discussed in relation to the processing conditions, microstructure and orientation of the substrate.
Production and Characterization of RE3+:Yb2O3  Nanoparticles
Authors: Unal Fatma , Kazmanli Kursat
Published: June 2021

In this study, doped ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) with different dopant type (Eu and / or Tb) and undoped were synthesized by wet chemical method using nitrate salt as a starting source. Afterwards, they were calcined at 900 °C for 4 h. The crystal structure phase, size, and morphology of undoped and doped Yb2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Undoped and doped NPs were exhibited cubic bixbyite-type crystal structure (Ia-3 space group). Lattice parameter changes caused by dopant element in NPs were examined using X-ray peak profile analysis. In order to investigate the occuring changes in the crystal structure, average crystallite size (CS) and lattice parameter (LP) values were computed with Williamson–Hall (W–H) and Cohen-Wagner (C–W) methods, respectively. It was observed that the crystal structure of the doped NPs expanded compared to the undoped Yb2O3 NPs, which explains the increase in the LP and CS values. The LP values of all the NPs were ranged from 10.444 Å (R2 = 94.9) to 10.453 Å (R2 = 81.8) while the CS of them were between 19 nm (R2 = 95.9) and 24 nm (R2 = 88.8). All the NPs exhibited nearly spherical and agglomerate structure and there were also few pores between the agglomerate particles in the structure. Besides, continuous agglomerate morphology formation was observed in particles containing Tb. The average nanoparticle size values were varied between 46 and 115 nm depending on the dopant element.
Infrared Switching of Self-Heating VO2/ITO Films for Smart Window
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhao Zheng Jing , Li Dong Lai , Li Jing Bo , Zhao Yong Jie , Jin Hai Bo
Published: June 2021

The unique metal to insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it receiving extensive attention in the application of smart window. As for VO2-based smart window, the critical transition temperature (Tc) is required to be reduced to near room temperature for practical applications. In this paper, we fabricated VO2 films on ITO glass by hydrothermal method and applied voltage to ITO, therefore, the joule heat generated by ITO triggered the complete MIT of VO2 at room temperature in very short time ~3 s with applied voltage of 12 V. The VO2 film on ITO substrate shows obviously widened hysteresis behavior in the reversible transition process with a thermal hysteresis width of ~33 °C. The widened hysteresis loop makes it possible to stabilize the rutile phase (R) of VO2 at room temperature via applying a low holding voltage of 6 V. The proposed VO2/ITO film exhibits promising application in active smart window, and possesses advantages of simple structure, easy-fabricated and low-cost.
Study on Control Method of Magnetic Flux Density Waveform in AC Magnetic Measurement
Authors: Takita Nobuhiro , Yun Kyyoul
Published: June 2021

To estimate the magnetic properties of the magnetic material, magnetic flux density waveform (B waveform) must be sinusoidal wave. However, it is necessary to control the exciting waveform in consideration of the distortion, because voltage waveform induced by B-coil is distorted due to the magnetic properties. As a result, the IBCM can make B waveform sinusoidal wave with the least number of feedbacks than any control method. Because the IBCM performs noise cancelling for measured waveform and make accurate exciting waveform from measured waveform.
Magnetic Flux Density under Single Harmonic Distortion
Authors: Kaczmarek Michał , Stano Ernest
Published: June 2021

In the paper the change of the magnetic flux density under single harmonic distortion is discussed. Presented results show the dependence of the value of the magnetic flux density in the toroidal magnetic core made from the Ni80Fe20 tape of the phase angle of higher harmonic in relation to the main harmonic of distorted magnetizing current. Moreover, the influence of higher harmonic depends from it frequency and it becomes undetectable above 15th higher harmonic, even if its level reaches 50% of the RMS value of the main harmonic of distorted magnetizing current. Laboratory tests were carried out for the magnetic toroidal core of iCT with a current ratio equal to 300 A / 5 A. The oscilloscope is used to measure waveforms of the excitation current and the secondary voltage through the voltage probes. Build in numerical integration is used to determine the magnetic flux density from secondary voltage. In the case of tested 5th higher harmonic the highest value of the magnetic flux density is obtained for phase angle equal to 90° between main and higher harmonics, while the lowest is obtained for 270°. This depends from the initial phase of the magnetic field strength and results from the integration of distorted secondary voltage with the particular content of higher harmonics.