bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El papel del lenguaje en la construcción de explicaciones en la clase de ciencias en contextos bilingües a través del enfoque CLIL
Authors: Mancipe Triviño Mauricio , Ramírez Valenzuela Cynthia Marcela
Published: April 2019

This paper covers the issue with respect to elaborating explanations about natural phenomena in the Science class in bilingual contexts (Spanish (L1) – English (L2)), in which the role of the language is analysed from two perspectives: communicative and explanatory. To do so, this article focuses on the categorisation of cognitive-linguistic abilities exhibited by the students throughout the implementation of the designed unit, as well as analysing the expressions used by them from the communicative perspective; this analysis is born from the upcoming and growing concern of bilingualism implementation in Colombia and Latin America. The methodology used follows an interpretative-qualitative analysis with an inductive analysis approach, analysing the collected information during the didactic implementation in recordings, products developed by students and class diaries from a sample of 25 and 19 students belonging to two private secondary schools located in Cajicá and Bogotá, Colombia. The document presents the reflections arisen from the analysis categories built to assess the collected information: socio-linguistic abilities, communication of ideas in both L1 and L2, the conceptual, social, epistemological and didactic aspects of knowledge. It was found a close link between the L2 proficiency and the depth of the explanations elaborated by the students, enabling the more competent students in L2 to communicate better using the scientific language and getting to more complex explanations. Moreover, the implementation re-dimensioned the content perspective applied by some teachers when using the CLIL approach, placing bilingualism in the Science classes in a dimension distant from transmitting information, being a medium that fosters communicative and explanatory processes by nurturing different cognitive-linguistic abilities.
Uji Prestasi Air Heater pada Pelat Bergelombang Melintang dengan Variasi Kecepatan Udara Masuk
Authors: Yunianto Bambang , Suryo Sumar Hadi , Oktavian Dicky
Published: April 2019

Energi surya merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan non-konvensional yang tersedia secara bebas sebagai sumber energi yang memberikan simpanan bahan bakar bebas polusi. Cara yang paling sederhana dan paling efisien untuk memanfaatkan energi surya adalah mengubahnya menjadi energi termal untuk aplikasi pemanasan dengan menggunakan kolektor surya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perbedaan efisiensi antara kolektor pelat dengan bentuk datar dan pelat dengan bentuk gelombang melintang. Modifikasi dari pelat penyerap panas tersebut dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan panas. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan mencari nilai panas yang berguna, panas yang masuk, panas yang hilang, koefisien panas yang hilang secara keseluruhan. Panas yang berguna merupakan panas yang dihasilkan oleh kolektor pada saat pengujian. Panas yang masuk adalah panas yang berasal dari lampu halogen yang ditujukan ke kolektor. Panas yang hilang adalah panas yang tidak dapat dimaksimalkan oleh kolektor. Koefisien panas yang hilang secara keseluruhan adalah panas yang hilang pada bagian atas, bawah dan samping kolektor dan efisiensi adalah hasil kinerja dari kolektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil temperatur dari 3 buah sensor yang berada pada ruangan, pelat penyerap panas dan tempat keluar kolektor. Kemudian mengetahui efisiensi kolektor pemanas udara dari 7 variasi kecepatan udara yaitu 2.1 m/s, 2.3 m/s, 2.4 m/s, 3 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 4 m/s, 4.5 m/s. Terakhir adalah membandingkan nilai efisiensi kolektor pelat datar dan pelat gelombang melintang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pelat gelombang melintang lebih tinggi menghasilkan panas dibanding pelat datar dan semakin meningkat kecepatan udara maka efisiensi juga akan meningkat.
Review on the genus Tectaria Cav. from India
Authors: Patil Sachin M. , Kachhiyapatel Ronak N. , Rajput Kishore S.
Published: April 2019

The fern genus Tectaria Cav. (Tectariaceae) is one of the largest, morphologically diverse and more complex genera having difficulties in identifying the species and their groups. Since its description, a number of new genera had been separated from it or merged within it created considerable ambiguity. Thus, the main aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive information of the taxonomy, cytology, anatomy, palynology and molecular research carried out so far on the genus Tectaria. Present work is not merely compilation but includes personal observations and is presented here after critical evaluation.
Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
Authors: M.A. Tahoon , E.A. Gomaa , M.H.A. Suleiman
Published: April 2019

Sodium ion micro-solvated clusters, [Na(H2O) n]+, n = 1–7, were completed by (DFT) density functional theory at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level in the gaseous phase. At the ambient situation, the four, five and six micro-solvated configurations can convert from each other. The investigation of the sequential water binding energy on Na+ obviously indicates that the influence of Na+ on the neighboring water molecules goes beyond the first solvation layer with the hydration number of 5. The hydration number of Na+ is 5 and the hydration space (rNa-O) is 2.43 Å. The current study displays that all our simulations have an brilliant harmony with the diffraction result from X-ray scattering study. The vibration frequency of H2O solvent was also determined. This work is important for additional identification of the Na+(H2O)n clusters in aqueous medium.
Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Kacmaz Aysecik , Deniz Nahide Gulsah , Aydinli Serdar Goksin , Sayil Cigdem , Onay-Ucar Evren , Mertoglu Elif , Arda Nazli
Published: April 2019

In the course of biological properties of quinone derivatives, the N(H)-, S- and S,S-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized by reactions of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with different amines (2-morpholinoaniline, tert-butyl 4-aminobenzoate, 4-tert-butylbenzylamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline, 2-amino-5,6-dimethylbenzothiazole, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) and thiolat (sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate). All new products were characterized by MS-ESI, UV-Vis, FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells were evaluated by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Although all derivatives inhibited cell growth, the most active compound was 2-(tert-butylthio)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione 5 (IC50=10.16 μM) against the HeLa cells.
The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
Authors: Pikosz Marta , Czerwik-Marcinkowska Joanna , Messyasz Beata
Published: April 2019

Filamentous green algae (FGA) frequently forms dense mats which can be either mono- or polyspecies. While various defense mechanisms of competition in algae are known, little is known about the interactions between different species of FGA. An experiment in controlled laboratory conditions was conducted to gather data on the changes in amino acids (AA) concentrations in FGA species in the presence of exudates from different other species. The aim of the present study was to identify the AA whose concentrations showed significant changes and to assess if the changes could be adaptation to stress conditions. The major constituents of the AA pool inCladophora glomerata, C. fractaandRhizocloniumsp. were Glutamic acid (Glu), Aspartic acid (Asp) and Leucine (Leu). In response to chemical stress, that is the increasing presence of exudates, a significant increase in the concentrations Proline (Pro) and Tryptophan (Trp) was noted. The increase in Proline levels was observed inC. fractaandRhizocloniumin response to chemical stress induced byC. glomerataexudates. As the concentration of exudates increased in the medium, there was a progressive shift in the pattern of AA group in FGA.
Simultaneous TE and TM designer surface plasmon supported by bianisotropic metamaterials with positive permittivity and permeability
Authors: Xia Lingbo , Yang Biao , Guo Qinghua , Gao Wenlong , Liu Hongchao , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili , Zhang Shuang
Published: April 2019

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface modes existing at the interface between a metal and a dielectric material. Designer SPPs with a customer-defined property can be supported on the surface of suitably engineered metallic structures. They are important for various applications, ranging from chemical sensing to super-resolution imaging. In conventional systems, SPPs are transverse magnetic (TM) polarized, because of their origin in the collective electron oscillation along the surface. In this work, we show that both transverse electric (TE) and TM designer surface plasmons can be supported at the interface between a suitably designed bianisotropic metamaterial and a normal dielectric material without involving either negative permittivity or negative permeability. We further propose a realistic bianisotropic metamaterial for implementation of the double surface modes. The bianisotropic metamaterial demonstrated here may have tremendous applications in optical information processing and integrated photonic devices.
Early antiinflammatory therapy attenuates brain damage after sah in rats
Authors: Vadokas Georg , Koehler Stefan , Weiland Judith , Lilla Nadine , Stetter Christian , Westermaier Thomas
Published: April 2019

Background

Early inflammatory processes may play an important role in the development of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Experimental studies suggest that anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing drugs might have beneficial effects, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early treatment with methylprednisolone and minocycline on cerebral perfusion and EBI after experimental SAH.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SAH using the endovascular filament model. 30 minutes after SAH, they were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous injection of methylprednisolone (16mg/kg body weight, n=10), minocycline (45mg/kg body weight, n=10) or saline (n=11). Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP) and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) over both hemispheres were recorded continuously for three hours following SAH. Neurological assessment was performed after 24 hours. Hippocampal damage was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (caspase 3).

Results

Treatment with methylprednisolone or minocycline did not result in a significant improvement of MABP, ICP or LCBF. Animals of both treatment groups showed a non-significant trend to better neurological recovery compared to animals of the control group. Mortality was reduced and hippocampal damage significantly attenuated in both methylprednisolone and minocycline treated animals.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that inflammatory processes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of EBI after SAH. Early treatment with the anti-inflammatory drugs methylprednisolone or minocycline in the acute phase of SAH has the potential to reduce brain damage and exert a neuroprotective effect.
Validity of free testosterone calculation in pregnant women
Authors: Schuijt M P , Sweep C G J , van der Steen R , Olthaar A J , Stikkelbroeck N M M L , Ross H A , van Herwaarden A E
Published: April 2019

Objective

Increased maternal testosterone concentration during pregnancy may affect the fetus. Therefore it is clinically relevant to have a quick and reliable method to determine free testosterone levels. Current calculators for free testosterone are suspected to perform poorly during pregnancy due to suggested competition between high levels of estradiol and free (bio-active) testosterone for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding. Therefore, it is claimed that reliable calculation of free testosterone concentration is not possible. However, recent evidence on SHBG-binding sites questions the estradiol effect on the testosterone-SHBG binding during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated whether the free testosterone concentration can be calculated in pregnant women.

Design and methods

Free testosterone was measured with a specially developed equilibrium dialysis method combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Free testosterone was also calculated with the formulas of Vermeulenet al.and Rosset al.

Results

Total and free testosterone measured in healthy men and women were in good agreement with earlier reports. In pregnant women, total testosterone values were higher than in non-pregnant women, whereas free testosterone values were comparable. Calculated free testosterone levels in pregnant women were highly correlated, but marginally higher, compared to measured free testosterone levels.

Conclusions

We developed an equilibrium dialysis–LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of free testosterone in the low range of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Although during pregnancy total testosterone is increased, this is not the case for free testosterone. The free testosterone formulas perform well in pregnant women.
Cholestasis-associated glucocorticoid overexposure does not increase atherogenesis
Authors: van der Geest Rick , van der Sluis Ronald J , Groen Albert K , Van Eck Miranda , Hoekstra Menno
Published: April 2019

Chronic glucocorticoid overexposure predisposes to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans. Cholestatic liver disease is associated with increased plasma glucocorticoid levels. Here, we determined – in a preclinical setting – whether the chronic presence of cholestatic liver disease also induces a concomitant negative impact on atherosclerosis susceptibility. Hereto, regular chow diet-fed atherosclerosis-susceptible hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E (APOE)-knockout mice were treated with the bile duct toxicant alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) for 8 weeks. ANIT exposure induced the development of fibrotic cholestatic liver disease as evident from collagen deposits and compensatory bile duct hyperproliferation within the liver and the rise in plasma levels of bilirubin (+60%; P < 0.01) and bile acids (10-fold higher; P < 0.01). Adrenal weights (+22%; P < 0.01) and plasma corticosterone levels (+72%; P < 0.01) were increased in ANIT-treated mice. In contrast, atherosclerosis susceptibility was not increased in response to ANIT feeding, despite the concomitant increase in plasma free cholesterol (+30%; P < 0.01) and cholesteryl ester (+42%; P < 0.001) levels. The ANIT-induced hypercorticosteronemia coincided with marked immunosuppression as judged from the 50% reduction (P < 0.001) in circulating lymphocyte numbers. However, hepatic glucocorticoid signaling was not enhanced after ANIT treatment. It thus appears that the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids is uncoupled from their metabolic effect under cholestatic disease conditions. In conclusion, we have shown that cholestatic liver disease-associated endogenous glucocorticoid overexposure does not increase atherosclerosis susceptibility in APOE-knockout mice. Our studies provide novel preclinical evidence for the observations that the hypercholesterolemia seen in cholestatic human subjects does not translate into a higher risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
A Kantian Critique of Grotius
Authors: Marey Macarena
Published: April 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

During the last few years, it has become usual to turn to some seventeenth century readings of the traditional idea of an original common possession of the earth for philosophical aid to explain and support the rights of persons in situations of extreme need, including refugees. Hugo Grotius’s conception of this idea is one of the most cited ones. In this paper, I hold that a Grotian reading of the idea of an original common possession of the earth is not a fruitful principle if we want to elaborate a solid defence of the rights of the ones in need. I reconstruct and analyse the role this idea has in Grotius’s theory of private property and present objections to it from a Kantian perspective.
Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the Newly Adopted Child
Authors: Jones Veronnie Faye , Schulte Elaine E. ,   COUNCIL ON FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION, AND KINSHIP CARE, Springer Sarah , Szilagyi Moira Ann , Forkey Heather , Greiner Mary V. , Harmon David , Lee Paul , Nalven Lisa Maxine , Sagor Linda Davidson , Thackery Jonathan D. , Waite Douglas , Zetley Lisa W.
Published: April 2019

Children who join families through the process of adoption, whether through a domestic or international route, often have multiple health care needs. Pediatricians and other health care personnel are in a unique position to guide families in achieving optimal health for the adopted children as families establish a medical home. Shortly after placement in an adoptive home, it is recommended that children have a timely comprehensive health evaluation to provide care for known medical needs and identify health issues that are unknown. It is important to begin this evaluation with a review of all available medical records and pertinent verbal history. A complete physical examination then follows. The evaluation should also include diagnostic testing based on findings from the history and physical examination as well as the risks presented by the child’s previous living conditions. Age-appropriate screenings may include, but are not limited to, newborn screening panels and hearing, vision, dental, and formal behavioral and/or developmental screenings. The comprehensive assessment may occur at the time of the initial visit to the physician after adoptive placement or can take place over several visits. Adopted children can be referred to other medical specialists as deemed appropriate. The Council on Adoption, Foster Care, and Kinship Care is a resource within the American Academy of Pediatrics for physicians providing care for children who are being adopted.
A new spotted Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) from Bhutan
Authors: Gyeltshen Choki , Dalström Stig , Gyeltshen Nima , Tobgay Kezang
Published: April 2019

A new species of Chiloschista from a restricted area in Bhutan is described and illustrated. It is compared with C. parishii from Myanmar and Thailand, which has similarly colored flowers and from which it differs by the larger flowers, 15–18 mm versus 8–10 mm, and the lack of a glandular and pubescent, erect and curved callus lobe inside the lip, which is generally seen in other similarly colored species of this genus.

Key Words: Aeridinae, Bhutan, Himalaya, new Chiloschista, Orchidaceae, Vandeae
Tabligh Melalui Media Sosial LINE
Authors: Wijaya M. Mukti Ariyandi , AS Enjang , Ridwan Aang
Published: April 2019

This research is to know form of tabligh management through social media LINE, material or message submitted, and segubation muballagh on account of Apostle Apostle. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Because the main purpose of this research is to illustrate and explain the tabligh through LINE social media. This research is done by taking steps: determining the research method, determining the type and source of data, determining the technique of data collection, and finally processing and analyzing the data. The results show that the form of tabligh management through LINE social media is by using tabligh bi al-kitabah (writing media), with different appearance by inserting images and combining with writing or message to be conveyed into unity of picture quotes delivered through social media LINE, material or message delivered using material derived from the Qur'an, Hadith of the Prophet, and advice of scholars with different themes adapted to everyday life, and segmentation muballagh on the account of Apostles Apostle is all human who are Muslims who use the internet media especially active users who use social media, access the media and see and read the messages tabligh delivered Apostle Messenger in his account.

 

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk pengelolaan tabligh melalui media sosial LINE, materi atau pesan yang disampaikan, dan segementasi muballagh pada akun Teladan Rasul. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Karena tujuan pokok dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan dan memberikan penjelasan tentang tabligh melalui media sosial LINE. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menempuh langkah-langkah: menentukan metode penelitian, menentukan jenis dan sumber data, menentukan teknik pengumpulan data, dan akhirnya mengolah dan menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pengelolaan tabligh melalui media sosial LINE adalah dengan menggunakan bentuk tabligh bi al-kitabah (media tulisan), dengan tampilan yang berbeda dengan menyisipkan gambar dan menggabungkan dengan tulisan atau pesan yang akan disampaikan menjadi kesatuan gambar quotes yang disampaikan melalui media sosial LINE, materi atau pesan yang disampaikan menggunakan materi yang bersumber dari al-Qur’an, Hadits Nabi Saw, dan nasihat para ulama dengan tema yang berbeda-beda yang disesuaikan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, dan segmentasi muballagh pada akun Teladan Rasul adalah seluruh manusia yang beragama Islam yang menggunakan media internet terutama pengguna aktif media sosial yang menggunakan, mengakses media tersebut serta melihat dan membaca pesan-pesan tabligh yang disampaikan Teladan Rasul dalam akunnya.
Strategi Tabligh Gus Nur
Authors: Maesaroh Sarah
Published: April 2019

This research reveals about Gus Nur planning on tabligh by using grave media, actualizing / performing tabligh activities, and how feedback from Gus Nur tabligh activity. Researchers use descriptive analysis method with qualitative approach. From the result of research that Gus Nur planning include the introduction of audience so that message delivered can influence congregation, use media and method that have harmony can invite attention of pilgrims. Implementation of tabligh in the form of lectures from the podium continued in the grave with the use of shroud and keranda as a visualization of the dead. Feedback received in the form of instantaneous and delayed feedback that is positive and negative. The positive feedback received is to thank Gus Nur who became the way of Allah's guidance so repent. Negative feedback in the form of accusations of magic, heresy, shirk, kafir and misleading. From the feedback that appears, he replied from the book “Dakwah dari dalam Kubur” and facebook "Gus Nur Ngaji Bareng".

 

Penelitian ini mengungkapkan tentang perencanaan Gus Nur terhadap tabligh dengan menggunakan media kuburan, aktualisasi/pelaksanaan kegiatan tabligh, dan bagaimana feedback dari kegiatan tabligh Gus Nur.  Peneliti menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif  dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa perencanaan Gus Nur meliputi pengenalan khalayak sehingga pesan yang disampaikan dapat mempengaruhi jamaah, menggunaan media serta metode  yang memiliki keselarasan dapat mengundang perhatian jamaah. Pelaksanaan tabligh yakni berupa ceramah dari podium yang dilanjut di dalam kubur dengan penggunaan kain kafan dan keranda sebagai visualisasi orang meninggal. Feedback yang diterima berbentuk feedback seketika dan tertunda yang bersifat positif dan negatif. Adapun feedback positif yang diterima yakni mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Gus Nur yang menjadi jalan hidayah Allah sehingga bertaubat. Feedback negatif berupa tudingan sihir, bid’ah, syirik, kafir dan menyesatkan. Dari feedback yang muncul, beliau jawab dari buku “Dakwah dari dalam Kubur” dan facebook “Gus Nur Ngaji Bareng”.
Implementasi Pesan Dakwah melalui Radio Streaming dan Pemahaman Keagamaan Mad’u
Authors: Nasrulloh Litath Mainna , Kuswana Dadang , Shodiqin Asep
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of message of da'wah through radio streaming to increase mad’u religious understanding for one month follow program broadcast da'wah radio Dahlia. This research uses content analysis method. The results showed the increase in religious understanding mad’u better than ever. This is indicated by the attitude and behavior of mad’u who already reflect the values ​​of Islamic religious teachings. It can be concluded that the implementation of da'wah message through radio streaming Dahlia FM is quite effective and gives satisfactory results. As evidenced from the mad’u who changed far better in increasing their understanding of religion.

 

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan pesan dakwah melalui radio streaming terhadap peningkatan pemahaman keagamaan mad’u selama satu bulan mengikuti program siaran dakwah radio Dahlia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman keagamaan mad’u lebih baik lagi dari sebelumnya. Hal ini terindikasi dari sikap dan perilaku para mad’u yang sudah mencerminkan nilai-nilai ajaran agama Islam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi pesan dakwah melalui radio streaming Dahlia FM cukup efektif dan memberikan hasil yang cukup memuaskan dengan dibuktikan para mad’u yang berubah jauh menjadi lebih baik lagi dalam peningkatan pemahaman keagamaannya.
RISET TERINTEGRASI KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN SITUS KAPAL TENGGELAM SS AQUILA DI TELUK AMBON, INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Wisha Ulung Jantama , Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Ondara Koko , Ridwan Nia Naelul Hasanah , Kusumah Gunardi
Published: April 2019

Situs kapal tenggelam Steam Ship (SS) Aquila atau SS Duke of Sparta merupakan salah satu situs peninggalan arkeologi bawah air yang berada di Teluk Ambon. Saat ini,Situs SS Aquila mulai dikenal sebagai salah satu lokasi penyelaman kapal tenggelam oleh para penyelam lokal dan internasional. Akan tetapi, lokasi Situs SS Aquilaterletak di dalam kawasan terminal pertamina dan berada pada jalur lalu lintas laut, selain itu banyaknya muara sungai yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan yang berdampak negatif terhadap keberadaan situs tersebut. Penelitian terintegrasi di situs arkeologi bawah air tersebut sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui permasalahan terhadap situs SS Aquila dalam pengembangan potensi wisata di Teluk Ambon. Riset dilakukan secara terintergasi meliputi pendekatan arkeologi laut yaitu kegiatan penyelaman, videografi bawah air, pelaksanaan survei hidro-oseanografi dan pengamatan dengan Side Scan Sonar. Posisi situs SS Aquila berada pada kedalaman 15-35m.Kondisi badan kapal masih cukup utuh di beberapa bagian, namun beberapa bagian kapal telah hancur dan hilang seperti crane, cerobong, dan propeller. Kondisi hidro-oseanografi di sekitar situs sangat sesuai untuk wisata selam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terintergrasi tersebut, bahwa situs SS Aquila dapat dikembangkan sebagai lokasi wisata selam minat khusus (kapal tenggelam). Akan tetapi, sejumlah upaya untuk pengembangannya perlu dilakukanpengkajian lebih lanjut terhadap nilai historis situs dan tingkat kerentanan kawasan situs. Dalam upaya pelestarian situs SS Aquila direkomendasikan kepada pemerintah setempat untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang pentingnya situs arkeologi laut, dan pelatihan terkait wisata selam kapal tenggelam berkelanjutan kepada pelaku wisata dan masyarakat.
The Concept of a ‘Peasant War’ in Soviet and Western Historiography of the ‘Troubles’ in Early 17th-Century and Early 20th-Century Russia
Authors: Perrie Maureen
Published: April 2019

The concept of ‘peasant wars’ in 17th- and 18th-century Russia was borrowed by Soviet historians from Friedrich Engels’ work on the Peasant War in Germany. The four peasant wars of the early modern period were identified as the uprisings led by Ivan Bolotnikov (1606-1607), Sten’ka Razin (1667-1671), Kondratiy Bulavin (1707-1708) and Emel’ian Pugachev (1773-1775). Following a debate in the journal Voprosy istorii in 1958-1961, the ‘first peasant war’ was generally considered to encompass the period c.1603-1614 rather than simply 1606- 1607. This approach recognised the continuities in the events of the early 17th century, and it meant that the chronological span of the ‘first peasant war’ was virtually identical to that of the older concept of the ‘Time of Troubles’. By the 1970s the term, ‘civil wars of the feudal period’ (based on a quotation from Lenin) was sometimes used to define ‘peasant wars’. It was recognised by Soviet historians that these civil wars were very complex in their social composition, and that the insurgents did not exclusively (or even primarily) comprise peasants, with Cossacks playing a particularly significant role. Nevertheless the general character of the uprisings was seen as ‘anti-feudal’. From the 1980s, however, R.G. Skrynnikov and A.L. Stanislavskiy discarded the view that the events of the ‘Time of Troubles’ constituted an anti-feudal peasant war. They preferred the term ‘civil war’, and stressed vertical rather than horizontal divisions between the two armed camps. Western historians, with the notable exception of the American historian Paul Avrich, generally rejected the application of the term ‘peasant wars’ to the Russian uprisings of the early modern period, regarding them as primarily Cossack-led revolts. From the 1960s, however, Western scholars such as Teodor Shanin (following the American anthropologist Eric Wolf) began to use the term ‘peasant wars’ in relation to the role played by peasants in 20th-century revolutionary events such as those in Russia and China. Some of these Western historians, including Avrich and Wolf, used the term not only for peasant actions in the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, but also for peasant rebellions against the new Bolshevik regime (such as the Makhnovshchina and the Antonovshchina) that Soviet scholars considered to be counter-revolutionary banditry. The author argues that, in relation to the ‘Time of Troubles’ in early 20th-century Russia, the term ‘peasant war’ is not entirely suitable to describe peasant actions against the agrarian relations of the old regime in 1905 and 1917, since these were generally orderly and non-violent. The term is more appropriate for the anti-Bolshevik uprisings of armed peasant bands in 1918-1921, as suggested by the British historian Orlando Figes.
National resource availability: undeniable value, divine providence, resource curse or economic development potential
Authors: Shuklina Zinaida
Published: April 2019

The article presents the author’s approach to understanding the main problem of national resource supply through the prism of choosing the fundamentals and directions that can move the situation from the dead point, highlighting conceptual ideas and placing emphasis on the development of the country’s economy. Assuming the idea of multiplying, increasing the national wealth of the country, the author considers the availability and structure of resources, the correlation of resource use, income generation and distribution. Countries rich in natural resources are perceived and assessed ambiguously, and in this connection the concepts and concepts of the «curse of resources» and «Dutch disease» appeared in science, the importance of which is reduced to the state management of the economy and resources. The ideas of development can be very different. The statesmen need to make a strategic choice between eroding national sovereignty within the framework of deepening integration into a single world civilization, building up the power and dominating the country as an empire, with a hyper-egoistic orientation only to increase the welfare of ruling elites or dynamically improve the quality of life of Russians with the recognition of the value of each individual at the state level. And this task is not only a constitutional guarantee, but an ideological development, a socio-economic ideology and a worldview. The emergence and adoption of a search strategy for the best solution in the allocation, combination of resources and structuring of the economy, in determining an exceptional resource-technological path for the benefit of the country and the people is extremely relevant. The optimistic scenario is related to synergetic processes in the innovation economy, as in space and time transformations take place in the worldview, creativity and activity, in understanding the role of man in the resource environment, in applying new methods and technologies for managing natural and economic resources, taking into account environmental safety and technological development. Depending on the chosen path, idea, development stage, different resources can be involved, but the development goal should be understood clearly, implemented systematically and in a complex manner.
The study of tensile deformations at the lower boundary of the package of asphalt concrete layers based on tests of the installation of shock loading
Authors: Tiraturyan Artem , Vladimir Akulov , Bodrov Ilya , Simakova Anastasia , Farnieva Marina
Published: April 2019

Currently, in the road sector of the Russian Federation, there has been a modernization of the system of operation of the road complex. In this regard, there is a tendency to introduce new technologies for monitoring the condition of road pavements. One of these is the high-performance FWD dynamic loading drum set, which allows you to measure pavement trough bowls. In this paper, examples and models are given to evaluate the reliability of the results from the FWD installation, as well as the dependence of the experimental and software data on the deflection bowl of the road structure. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that a significant reworking of methods for calculating non-rigid pavements and the creation of a new method for predicting fatigue damage is being carried out. Nevertheless, the application of this empirical dependence requires an assessment of its adequacy and the possibility of using layers for structures and materials used in the practice of the Russian Federation. It is possible to solve this problem by comparing the actual values of tensile deformations with the calculated values determined on the basis of the mechanical-mathematical model of the stress-strain state of the road structure. The sections of the M-4 “Don” and M-3 “Ukraine” federal highways were chosen as experimental constructions that were used to work out methods for calculating tensile deformations. Measurements at these sites were carried out by installing shock loading FWD every 100 m. At the same time, at each impact impact, the plates of the coating deflection were recorded. Based on the resulting bowls of the deflections, tensile deformations were calculated at the lower boundary of the package of asphalt concrete layers. Next, a statistical processing of the measurements of the deflection bowl was made. To assess the adequacy of the results obtained, the American mathematical model MnLayer was applied. During the calculation, the main parameters of the stress-strain state, including tensile deformations, were determined. Analyzing the data obtained from the calculation of tensile stresses in mathematical models of given road structures, a comparative graph was constructed illustrating the dependence of the actual deflection cup indicators with those obtained in the MnLayer program.
An effective stress analysis for predicting the evolution of SCR–seabed stiffness accounting for consolidation
Authors: Zhou Zefeng , O'Loughlin Conleth D. , White David J.
Published: April 2019

Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are an efficient solution to transfer hydrocarbons from deep-water seabeds to floating facilities. SCR design requires an assessment of the fatigue life in the touchdown zone, where the riser interacts with the seabed, which relies on reliable estimates of the SCR–seabed stiffness over the design life. Current models for SCR–seabed stiffness consider only undrained conditions, neglecting the development and dissipation of excess pore pressures that occur over the life of the SCR. This consolidation process alters the seabed strength and consequently the SCR–seabed stiffness. This paper summarises experimental data that show that long-term cyclic vertical motion of an SCR at the touchdown zone leads to a reduction in seabed strength due to remoulding and water entrainment, but that this degradation is eclipsed by the regain in soil strength during consolidation. The main focus of this paper is on prediction of the temporal changes in seabed strength and stiffness due to long-term cyclic shearing and consolidation, to support calculations of SCR–seabed interaction. The predictions are obtained using a framework that considers the change in effective stress and hence soil strength using critical state concepts, and that considers the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of elements. The merit of the model is assessed by way of simulations of SCR centrifuge model tests with over 3000 cycles of repeated undrained vertical cycles in normally consolidated kaolin clay. Comparisons of the simulated and measured profiles of SCR penetration resistance reveal that the model can capture accurately the observed changes in SCR–seabed stiffness. Example simulations show the merit of the model as a tool to assess the timescale in field conditions over which this order of magnitude change in seabed stiffness occurs. It is concluded that current design practice may underestimate the seabed stiffness significantly, but the new approach allows rapid checking of this for particular combinations of SCR and soil conditions.
Small-scale laboratory test on expansive soil stabilized by CCR-Fly ash columns
Authors: Darikandeh Farahnaz , Viswanadham B. V. S. , Arabani Mahyar
Published: April 2019

Volumetric changes in expansive soils due to seasonal moisture changes can seriously damage foundations. In the small-scale laboratory study reported in this paper, the effect of inserting columns made from calcium carbide residue (CCR) and fly ash (FA) to reduce the swelling potential of expansive soil was examined. An attempt was made to determine the mineralogical changes in the soil and to identify newly generated reaction products by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The strength gain of the stabilised soil was investigated using unconfined compressive strength tests. It was found that the heave of the soil with columns of CCR and FA installed by in situ mixing and compaction reduced by up to 88% and 57%, respectively. The compressive strength of samples increased up to two-fold, and around the same level, for both installation methods after 90 d of curing. This increase in strength was an outcome of soil modification and stabilisation. The XRD results indicated the change in soil mineralogy. Further studies are required to study the cyclic swell–shrink behaviour of the stabilised expansive soil.
Yahya Kemal Beyatlı’nın Eserlerinin Eğitsel Değerler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALYILMAZ Cengiz , ŞAHİN Harun
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırma ile Yahya Kemal Beyatlı’nın eserlerindeki
eğitsel değerlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden
olan durum çalışması şeklinde hazırlanan bu araştırmada veriler doküman
incelemesi yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde nitel analiz
tekniklerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır ve içerik analizi söz konusu
sınıflandırmaya göre yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları Şahin (2018)
tarafından yapılan araştırmada toplanan verilerden yola çıkılarak
oluşturulmuştur. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı’nın eserleri incelendiğinde, birçok değer
unsurunu barındırdığı görülmektedir. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı’nın eserlerinde
evrensel değerlerden kişilerarası ilişki değerleri kapsamında ele alınabilecek
ve en fazla karşılaşılan iki değer “sevgi” ile “vatan ve millet sevgisi” olarak
belirlenmiştir. Ulusal değerlerden kişilerarası ilişki değerleri kapsamında ise
iki değer tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmada “birlik olma” ve
“misafirperverlik” değerlerine ulaşılmıştır.
As aventuras de Kreber: jogo digital sobre o metabolismo energético
Authors: Moreira Baêta Frederico José , Hornink Gabriel Gerber
Published: April 2019

A Bioquímica e áreas relacionadas têm vários conceitos abstratos e difíceis de serem compreendidos, nesse sentido, desenvolveram-se muitas inovações educacionais, destacando-se os jogos digitais. Os jogos têm um caráter lúdico e motivacional que incentiva os estudantes durante a aprendizagem com uma maneira diferente de aprender. Objetiva-se apresentar a criação e avaliação do jogo digital “As aventuras de Kreber”, no qual se trabalham conceitos envolvidos na formação de ATP. As etapas de criação foram: escolha do sistema de autoria, criação do storyboard; prototipagem, implementação e testes. O jogo foi desenvolvido no Game maker, incluindo três fases, sendo avaliado por 19 estudantes de uma disciplina de Bioquímica, por meio de questionário com princípios de usabilidade e jogabilidade. Em cada fase, o personagem (Kreber) deveria passar por desafios e responder perguntas relacionadas à temática, evitando perder pontos decorrentes dos obstáculos. A partir da avaliação, constatou-se que o jogo apresentou boa usabilidade e jogabilidade, assim como adequada apresentação dos conteúdos. Destacou-se o retorno positivo dos alunos sobre o uso do jogo e reforço sobre os temas abordados em sala de aula, de forma lúdica/divertida. O jogo digital teve boa aceitação pelos estudantes, auxiliando-os na compreensão dos conteúdos abordados.
Effect of lacosamide on epileptiform activity and structure-function relations in the brain of rats with chronic focal epilepsy
Authors: Litvinova S. A. , Avakyan G. G. , Nerobkova L. N. , Voronina T. A. , Gladysheva N. A.
Published: April 2019

The aim was to study the effect of lacosamide on epileptiform activity (EрA) and structure-function relations in the brain in the course of development of the epileptic system in rats with cobalt-induced chronic epilepsy. Materials and methods. To model chronic focal epilepsy, we used topical applications of cobalt on the sensorimotor zone of the rat cortex. The effect of lacosamide (20 mg/kg) on the cobalt-induced epileptiform activity was analyzed in parallel with with the monitoring of spectral-coherent changes in the brain during the development of the epileptic system (ES). Results. In the first 30 minutes after the administration, lacosamide briefly enhanced the EрA in the hippocampus and ipsilateral cortex, and also strengthened the cortical-hippocampal (at stage 1) and cortical-hypothalamic connections (at stage 2). Two hours after the drug administration, a decrease in EрA was observed at stages 1 and 2 of the ES development, especially in the contralateral cortex and hippocampus. At all frequency ranges, the level of the inter-center connections decreased (most pronounced in the cortical-hippocampal links). Conclusion. The effect of lacosamide on EрA in the rat brain with cobalt-induced epileptogenic focus is characterized by a decrease in EрA, two hours after the drug administration. This effect is most expressed in the cortex and hippocampus, and is accompanied by a decrease in the level of the corticalhippocampal connections.
CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY AND OPTIMIZATION OF PATIENT TREATMENT
Authors: Madjidova Yo. N. , Solikhzoda A. A. , Maksudova Kh. N.
Published: April 2019

Aim – to study the clinical and neurological manifestations in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and optimize the therapy. Materials and methods. Fifty patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were examined. Of these, 28 were females and 22 were males; their average age was 32.6±11.4 years. All patients had true pharmacoresistant epilepsy, i. e., the seizures occurred on the background of adequate polytherapy with anticonvulsants; the use of anticonvulsants had no effect on the course of the disease. All patients underwent clinical and neurological examination. The patients were blindly divided into two therapeutic groups: the main group consisted of 25 patients who were prescribed with the combined therapy, which included a biologically active polypeptide at a dose of 10 mg/day for 20 days with a subsequent transition to hopantenic acid (500 mg twice a day for 2 months). The second group did not receive these drugs. For the anticonvulsant therapy, both groups received the combinations of valproic acid (30 mg/kg at two daily doses) and carbamazepine (5 mg/kg at three daily doses). The significance of differences was determined by the paired and unpaired Student’s t-test. The differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results. The data on the occurrence of subjective and focal neurological symptoms indicated the prevalence of complaints characteristic of general cerebral symptoms in the form of headaches, dizziness, as well as subjective symptoms of cerebral asthenia. In addition, some patients complained of short-term memory impairments. In most cases, drug-resistant epilepsy developed on the background of organic brain damage. In 87.2±6.9% of cases, we encountered a Chvostek sign indicating an increased excitability of the nervous system. Both groups of patients showed positive yet different clinical dynamics: the number of seizures decreased in 40% of patients taking the polypeptide regulator and hopantenic acid, and in 28% of patients in the comparison group (p<0.05). Conclusion. In order to optimize the anticonvulsant therapy, it is recommended to prescribe a combination of valproate and carbamazepine; to increase the efficacy of the combined therapy it is recommended to add the polypeptide regulator and hopantenic acid.
Surgical treatment of drug resistant epilepsy in Sturge-Weber syndrome: review of the literature and clinical case presentation
Authors: Ibatova G. S. , Akshulakov S. K. , Malyshev S. M. , Khachatryan R. G. , Alekseeva T. M. , Shershever A. S. , Khachatryan W. A.
Published: April 2019

The paper addresses the relatively rare inherited neurodermal disorder – Sturge-Weber syndrome that can manifest in epileptic seizures. We describe updated concepts, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and surgical treatment of the disease. We examined medical records of 21 patients (aged from 1 to 11 years) with Sturge-Weber syndrome treated over the period of 1996-2016. After surgical treatment of 10 patients (five cases with hemispheretomy and five – with multifocal resection), positive outcomes (Engel class I, II) were found in 70% of cases, and negative (Engel class III, IV) – in 20% of cases. Оne child suddenly died during epileptic seizures. In non-operated children (age from 2 to 5 years) under our observation, an improvement was noted in six cases, no changes – in three cases, and a further progression of the disease – in three cases. In this article, we analyze two of these cases in detail.
Efficacy of levetiracetam monotherapy in epilepsy associated with benign epileptiform discharges of childhood
Authors: Borovkova N. A. , Malov A. G.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To analyze efficacy of levetiracetam monotherapy in patients with epilepsy associated with benign epileptiform discharges of childhood (BEDC). Materials and methods. We examined 29 pediatric patients with idiopathic and symptomatic BEDC-associated epilepsy, including continuous spike-and-wave epileptiform activity during slow-wave sleep (CSWS) in the stage of clinical remission. Of those, 12 children received antiepileptic treatment with valproic acid, and 17 children received levetiracetam. The examination included passive awake EEG recordings (with functional tests) as well as daytime sleep EEG recordings (within 60 minutes). Results. Levetiracetam was no less efficient in monotherapy of BEDC-associated epilepsy (including the CSWS patterns) than the traditionally used valproic acid, especially in idiopathic forms of epilepsy. Conclusion. Levetiracetam can be recommended for the first-choice basic anti-epileptic monotherapy treatment.