bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of spun pile connection with steel jacket strengthening
Authors: Orientilize M , Prakoso W A , Fadel M , Fernaldy R P
Published: January 2021

The amount of spiral reinforcement in the spun pile manufactured in Indonesia is below the minimum requirement. Additional shear reinforcement is needed, particularly on a pile at the adjacent pile cap. To cope with the deficiency, steel jacket is initiated to strengthen the pile. A numerical study was performed to study the effect of steel jacket addition to spun pile behavior. Two different software, SAP and Abaqus were employed. Pushover analysis was performed with a monotonic loading approach. The parameters studied were the steel jacket’s thickness and the existence of adhesive between the steel and the concrete surface. Brittle behavior was detected with the presence of steel jacket which was indicated by the force displacement curve. The steel improves the strength of the spun pile connection but decreases the ductility. It seems that pile is in over reinforced condition. To get a thorough understanding, a 3D model with Abaqus software was performed. Steel jacket is applied on the spun pile without rebar inside concrete fill and thinner steel was selected to prevent over reinforce. Hence, different results were found where spun pile connections behave in a ductile manner. Steel jacket improves not only the strength of spun pile connection but also the ductility.
Utilization of soybean powder as the additional material on calcite precipitation method for improving the strength of liquefiable soil
Authors: Meisnnehr D , Putra H , Yasuhara H
Published: January 2021

This research was carried out to evaluate the addition of soybean in the calcite precipitation method as a soil improvement technique. The evaluated soil was poorly graded and liquefiable sand with a specific gravity of 2.69. The precipitation test was performed to obtain the optimum concentration of grouting solution. Various combinations of soybean and reagent composed of urea and calcium chloride were prepared and were applied to sandy soil through the percolation method. The impacts of soybean on improving the shear strength of treated soil were examined using unconfined compression tests. The result of this study shows that the use of soybean shows a significant enhancement of the soil strength. The strength of 168 kPa was achieved when 60 g/L of soybean added to the grouting solution, which is also promoted a calcite amount of 3% of the soil mass. This research elucidated that the addition of soybean in the calcite precipitation technique is possible to optimize the calcite precipitation method’s applicability as the soil improvement technique.
The behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with nickel slag as fine aggregate towards seawater curing
Authors: Aswad N H , Mustika W , Tachrir  , Hartono Y D
Published: January 2021

This paper is a continuous study that outlines Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) behavior on high strength concrete with nickel slag as fine aggregate. The percentage of nickel slag substitution as fine aggregate varies from 0% to 100% with an increase of 25%. This laboratory study aims to obtain the effect of seawater curing on the concrete compressive strength. The specimens immersed in seawater for 220 days will provide a SCC behavior assessment towards seawater immersion. The results obtained show that concrete with 25% nickel slag gives the most maximum effect. Compared to concrete without slag, SCC with 25% nickel slag has a higher compressive strength of 17%. Besides, the slump test also showed good condition. All specimens using nickel slag in seawater immersion show greater strength when compared to non-slag concrete. This means that concrete is very suitable at a curing age of 220 days when substituted with nickel slag. The mixture using nickel slag of 100% (SCC100 specimen) illustrates a reasonably stable strength from 28 days of immersion.
Functional design for modification of offshore gas platform to manage bird nuisance: case in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A , Sutrisna T , Hidayat Y , Widodo A S , Agustin I A R , Santosa E
Published: January 2021

Since 2014 offshore un-manned gas platforms near Mahakam Delta have been used by hundreds of egrets sleeping/roosting sites, causing nuisance. The objective of the research was to formulate a management plan in general and to plan a functional construction design to modify the existing construction in order to control the bird nuisance. Field visits were conducted in August 2019 and February 2020 to the gas platform complex (i.e. Dx, TMP-2, D), focusing on Dx Platform, of which its operation will be terminated soon. Basically, Dx Platform will be modified as egret’s roosting site. Attractants need to be constructed on Dx Platform, while deterrents should be placed on other adjacent platforms (D and TMP-2). Some suggested attractants are appropriate perch-sites, construction of cover (from strong sea-wind), provision of twigs and branches as nest material, as well as the provision of shallow water and food (fish). Suggestions for deterrents on other platforms are spikes, wire, and some other innovative mechanical/physical devices, and all are tailor-made for platforms. In addition to the Dx Platform modification, in the long term, the root cause of the bird nuisance needs to be tackled, namely the restoration of Mahakam Delta from excessive fish/shrimp ponds development.
Overview the local barrow material of nickel slag mixture as an aggregate foundation layer
Authors: Sulha  , Sarita Umran
Published: January 2021

Southeast Sulawesi Province has numbered material sources, used as barrow to meet road infrastructure needs. Nickel slag production was a waste material of the nickel mining manufacture carry on to growth in this province. This research is one of the exertions to use waste nickle mining manufacture by mixing local barrow material. The mixture of materials is expected to meet specification of pavement layer for road constructions. This research uses quarry sirtu material in Nanga-Nanga and Lasolo Villages as foundation layer material. The method used is an experimental method on the form of gradation, compaction of modified proctor and CBR test. The result showed that the barrow material with nickel slag composition to material from Nanga-Nanga was 60:40 and Lasolo 50:50 met the grade specification as B class foundation material. Base on the AASHTO classification, this material mixture was included within the A1 category. According to CBR test result with unsoaked compaction conditions, Lasolo material has a CBR value of 26.83% dan Nanga-Nanga material reaches 61.78%. The mixture of material Lasolo is not good enough to be used as a highway barrow material. Whereas mixture Nanga-Nanga with nickel slag is applicable for highway capping layer material.
Range, capacity, and closest evacuation route analysis to tsunami evacuation shelter in Pandeglang Regency Banten Indonesia
Authors: Veronica Y , Sutoyo  , Rau M I , Arif C
Published: January 2021

The Regency of Pandeglang is an area prone to tsunami, so the development of disaster preparedness and mitigation system needs to be done. This study aims to analyze the range of the evacuation shelter, calculate the capacity that can be accommodated by the evacuation shelter, and to identify the closest route to the evacuation shelter in Pandeglang Regency. The study was conducted from March until May 2020. The analysis of tsunami hazard zones shows that area of tsunami hazard zone is 579.68 km2, and located in sub-districts bordering the West Coast and the South Coast. There are 28 evacuation shelter in Pandeglang Regency. The analysis of the range of evacuation shelters showed 52.21% of the tsunami hazard zones were covered, while 47.79% were still beyond the range of the evacuation shelters and tsunami safe zones. The results of shelter capacity analysis showed that the evacuation shelter in Pandeglang Regency could only accommodate 44661 refugees. Pandeglang Regency needed at least 64 new evacuation buildings that can accommodate a minimum of 2592 refugees per shelter. This study identified 38 closest routes to tsunami evacuation shelter and tsunami safe zones in Pandeglang Regency.
Effects of population and land-use change on water balance in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Karunia T U , Ikhwali M. Faisi
Published: January 2021

The raw water balance of DKI Jakarta consists of the needs and availability of raw water in DKI Jakarta. The population growth and land-use changes through the year 2030 led the demand for water to increase every year. The aims of this research are to identify and to evaluate the population of land-use changes that affect raw water needs in DKI Jakarta. Data analysis was carried out by processing and calculating from data that had been obtained based on the reference year (2010). Population growth and land conversion in 2010, it will form a change in land-use in 2030 affected to raw water balance in DKI Jakarta. Cisadane and Citarum Rivers, rain harvest and reverse osmosis becomes an alternative water resource to increase the availability of raw water. The amount of raw water deficit after the application of this strategy was reduced by 37.3% from 9661,536 l/s in 2010 to 3604,931 l in 2030. For eliminating the deficit of raw water required additional alternative water resources other forms of Ciawi Reservoir and IPA Buaran III.
Modelling 2D water table and soil moisture distribution in a field installed with sub surface drainage
Authors: Saptomo S K , Arif C , Suwarno W B , Rudiyanto  , Askari M , Matsuda Hiroshi , Tamura Koremasa , Inoue Youichi , Setiawan B I
Published: January 2021

The present study is part of the development of an environment-friendly water management system based on sub surface drainage technology. It is aimed at creating a multipurpose farmland with expectation of increase in both benefits and productivity. Sub-surface drainage pipes which are installed inside mole-drain, functions as water channel that flows water into the drainage channel. Simulation was run using a 2D numerical soil water flow model based on Richard’s equation. It integrates varying soil textures with aim of figuring the optimum setting of sub-drains in response to soil textures. The depth of sub-drain was established at 40cm beneath the surface for all conditions as it is the current installation available in Indonesia. Our simulation shows the variation of soil moisture and pressure over distance, time and different textures under specified spacing of sub-surface installation.
Functional design of smart evaporative irrigation for mina-padi system in Indonesia
Authors: Arif C , Setiawan B I , Saptomo S K , Taufik M , Saputra S F D , Ardiansyah  , Mizoguchi M
Published: January 2021

The smart evaporative irrigation is offered as an appropriate option in regulating irrigation water more effective. Smart means the system of irrigation is automatically controlled by a floating ball valve based on evaporation and evapotranspiration rate without electrical power. The objective was to evaluate the functional design of the evaporative irrigation on water demand aspect particularly for Mina-padi (paddy–fish farming). The system was evaluated based on the experimental field in the lab-scale since 10 July 2020. There were three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CR), wet (WR), and dry (LR) regimes. During the vegetative growth stage, the smart evaporative irrigation worked well. The irrigation was supplied by a floating ball valve automatically according to the evapotranspiration rate. The actual water levels were well kept and fitted to the setpoint as indicated by low mean absolute error (MAE). The CR regime needs more irrigation water and evaporated more water through the evapotranspiration process. Its rate was highest ranged between 5.81 – 6.6 mm/day. On the other hand, the LR regime has the lowest evapotranspiration rate in between 1.65 – 4.09 mm/day. The irrigation control system became crucial for control the evapotranspiration rate in which less irrigation water evaporate less water.
Biogas Production Comparison of Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (L-AD) Methods on Different Enzyme Addition
Authors: Syafrudin  , Nugraha W D , Kahirunnisa A , Ramadan B S , Miftahadi M F , Yumaroh S
Published: January 2021

Biogas, the gas generated from organic fermentation under anaerobic conditions, is an alternative way to combat the energy crisis. Rice husk is a biomass fuel, and as an agricultural country, Indonesia has not utilized this excessive waste opportunity. Bacteria break down organic matter without oxygen, called the Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (L-AD) method with the minimum condition of 10% total solids (TS) and 25% C/N ratio. Lignin content in rice husk could inhibit the degradation processes, hence pretreatment is a prerequisite. This study was designed to determine the optimum pretreatment concentration variation of amylase and cellulase enzyme (9%, 12%, 15%, 18%) in a persistent chemical condition (NaOH 6%). Within 40 days of observation, both biological pretreatments increased biogas yield contrary. The result showed that the pretreatment of a lower concentration of amylase enzyme (9%) produces a significant biogas yield of about 981 ml or 45.82 ml/grTS. On the other way, higher cellulase enzyme concentration (18%) produced 1520 ml or 70.99 ml/TS. The rate of biogas production were (U) 1.27 (ml/gr/TS.day) for amylase and 4.60 (ml/gr/TS.day) for cellulose.
Metals (Fe, Zn, Mn) retention capacity of modified bentonite clay liner
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Gita D I , Sutrisno E , Ramadan B S , Wardhana I W , Yumaroh S
Published: January 2021

Landfill liner acts as a prevention for the migration of contaminants in the form of leachate into groundwater. Textile industry waste dewatered sludge was chosen as an alternative material for the landfill liner composition. In order to increase the quality of the liner, clay material in the form of bentonite was added to reduce the permeability of the sludge, lime to reduce the potential for damage due to leachate immersion, and rice husk ash to reduce the concentration of pollutants in leachate. Although the analysis of the leachate samples from the Jatibarang landfill is below the quality standard, precautions need to be taken to anticipate changes in the intensity of heavy metals in leachate. Therefore, the liner resistance test was carried out against the parameters of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) using the falling head method, and the heavy metal concentration test using AAS. Artificial leachate is used to replace the original leachate. The study results showed that the composition of 39% dewatered sludge + 60% bentonite + 1% lime was able to reduce the efficiency of Fe, Zn, and Mn from the inlet to the outlet by 100%, 71%, and 100%, respectively.
Building a development strategy towards community-based tourism (CBT) in Thekelan Hamlet
Authors: Rezagama A , Budihardjo M A , Zaman B , Yohana E , Ramadan B S , Safitri R P
Published: January 2021

Thekelan Hamlet, located in Batur, Getasan, Semarang Regency, has a suitable location as a tourism village. However, tourist activities have not involved the residents as a whole and only focus on enjoying natural tourism. The development of tourism with the concept of education in Thekelan Hamlet has the potential to increase residents’ income through the integration and development of local wisdom in Community Based Tourism (CBT). Thus, tourists can enjoy the beauty of nature and have the opportunity to interact with the lifestyle of its local community. The purpose of this study was to examine the existing conditions of the Thekelan Hamlet to develop a strategy for developing and managing the tourist village of Thekelan Village according to the concept of Community-Based Tourism (CBT). Based on the study results, it was found that Thekelan Hamlet has the carrying capacity as a tourist village in the form of local wisdom of its people, various tourist attractions, and active tourism activities. In developing Thekelan Hamlet tourism, strategies are formulated by integrating the strengths, weaknesses, potentials, and challenges of Thekelan as a tourist village and emphasizing the concept of Community-Based Tourism (CBT), for example, a collaboration between the community and local government, innovation in various service packages tourism and developing the quality of local human resources related to tourism.
Do gender and age affect an individual’s sense of coherence? an environmental psychology perspective of flood survivals in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana H , Gumelar G , Irianda G
Published: January 2021

There is substantial evidence that in the aftermath of a disaster, an individual’s sense of coherence (SOC) plays an important role in promoting one’s sense of well-being. The SOC is regarded as a core component of the salutogenic model of mental health. Disaster survivors are frequently subjected to traumatic experience and have higher psychological distress prevalence rates than people in the general population. The present study aimed to investigate possible socio-demographic differences (gender and age) on the sense of coherence (SOC) among disaster survivors in Indonesia. A total of 194 respondents (71 male and 123 females) from across the country participated in the online survey. A factorial ANOVA using JASP was conducted to investigate the main effects of gender and age groups and the interaction effect of these variables on the SOC level. The findings were two folds, age group variance was significantly associated with the SOC, while gender did not significantly associate with the SOC. The main effect of Age groups was F (2, 962.773) = 4.307, p = 0.005, indicating a significant difference of SOC between young adult, middle adult, and late adult groups. Theoretical implications and future direction of this study are discussed.
Combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping habitat threat of mentilin (Cephalopachus bancanus)
Authors: Isnaini N , Marhaento H , Subrata S A
Published: January 2021

Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Gunung Menumbing (TGM) is a protected area located in Muntok, West Bangka that has unique plants and animals that represent the low-land forest ecosystems of Bangka-Belitung Island. However, the biodiversity is threatened due to massive destructive activities from illegal tin mining, logging, hunting, and agriculture practices. This study aims to map the habitat threat of the western tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), locally called mentilin, which is one of the most threatened animals in Tahura Gunung Menumbing. To achieve the study objective, this study used the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The AHP analysis was carried out to determine the weight and score of selected parameters that affect to habitat suitability of mentilin and its potential threats. The data were collected from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and questionnaires sent by an electronic mail to experts. In total, there were fourteen experts representing NGO in Bangka Island, ex-poacher, researchers, and governments contributed to the research. The results showed that 62% of the area in the TGM was prone to mentilin habitat. This result indicated that mentilin in the TGM is facing serious threats and conservation actions are urgently needed.
Social conditions in wastewater processing to manage river water quality (study in Cirarab River, Tangerang District, Indonesia)
Authors: Indriyani K , Hasibuan H S , Gozan M
Published: January 2021

Water is essential for a healthy ecosystem and socio-economic development. Global water demand increases annually and will continue to increase significantly. However, the availability of clean water is strongly influenced by pollution, which is heavily influenced by the human population. As rivers are often used as sources for drinking water, its water quality is crucial to be maintained and monitored, one of which is the Cirarab River in Tangerang district. The COD and BOD values of the Cirarab River have exceeded the permissible water quality standards, which are associated with the human activities in the river basin. This research aims to determine the social condition in terms of community and industry participation in wastewater processing in the river basin. This research was conducted through field observation, questionnaires, and deep interviews. This study concludes that the community septic tank ownership is moderate (53%), and the industry WWTP ownerships is low (22%). The recommended strategies are: providing establishment of an individual or communal septic tanks, providing assistance to the community and industries, personnel addition of environmental supervisors, surveillance on wastewater treatment plant operations, wastewater discharge permit re-evaluation, and stronger law enforcement.
Environmental dimension of pandemic COVID-19: case studies of Indonesia
Authors: Hadi S P , Ibrahim M H , Prabawani B , Hamdani R S
Published: January 2021

Pandemic COVID-19 adversely affects all aspects of life. Industries and transportation reduce its activities, causing a decline in demand for logistics significantly. In Indonesia, 2.8 people predicted will be laid off, 2.9-5.2 million people lose a job, unemployment will increase to 7.5%, poverty increases to 27.5 million people (10.2%), economic growth minus 5.32%. On the other side, the air quality index decreased from 155 at the end of March to 69 in April. The indicator of air quality (PM 2.5) decreased from 63.4 ug/m3 to be 20.8 ug/m3. However, there has been increased in the amount of medical waste and energy consumption. This research aims to identify the impacts of pandemic COVID-19 on the environment and the commitment of the government to deal with climate change-related to SDGs. The result of research shows that the new normal increases the number of people infected by COVID-19 significantly. The government’s commitment to dealing with climate change is decreased due to the policy to refocus and reallocate the budget to deal with pandemic COVID-19. It is required to balance the health aspect and economic aspect for the nation’s sustainability and people’s lives.
Potential and control method of bioaerosol emission at composting process in TPST Diponegoro University
Authors: Huboyo H S , Hadiwidodo M , Ramadan B S , Dennyarto R , Muhammad F I
Published: January 2021

Laboratories in university particularly related to biological process have the potential to emit bioaerosol. The composting process in the lab is one of those that produce complex bioaerosol. This study is aimed at analyzing the potential bioaerosol emissions from the composting process at TPST and proposing efforts to reduce emissions toward outside the lab room. To calculate the emission potential of bioaerosol, specific emission factors from the literature are used.The room dimensions for composting are 2.46 x 1.38 x 0.7 m, and there are 18 spaces for the composting process. Based on the the measured dust concentration in the composting room were on average above the ambient air quality standard for TSP (230 ug/m3). Hypotetically, emissions from the composting process at TPST reach a highest point of 4x106 CFU/m3, peak at a distance of 7 m from the source of the composting process. However, the health risks associated with bioaerosol emissions are relatively small because the period of exposure to TPST operators near the composting area is quite small. Control efforts by installing a windbreak fence can minimize the amount of emissions that leave the composting area by 80%.
Significant energy use analysis and energy conservation on Diponegoro University
Authors: Windarta J , Denis  , Mukhammad A F H , Hartadi Y , Aldianto M K , Radityatama C
Published: January 2021

In the current era of technology and information advancements, consumer growth and electrical energy are certainly getting more significant over time. Therefore, Energy Conservation can be carried out to find detailed information on energy usage. How much should be paid in using that energy, Biggest potential user, and ultimately this Conservation energy will show recommendation on Operational Equipment, even the processes. According to the Regulation No. 13 of 2012, concerning an infrastructure that requires large-scale energy use, conservation energy needs to be done as the will for maintaining the balance of energy using further on maintaining Eco saving energy for further generation come as well as Psychology Faculty Universitas Diponegoro from 2016 to 2019 have a specific large number of Energy consumer as education infrastructure that included from 13 Faculty and 5 unit operation. From that faculty, there is spread more inside each faculty called Unit. Overall, In this case from 13 Faculty and 5 Unit, we analyze the detailed recommendation for the Psychology Faculty of Diponegoro University as the newest building infrastructure and Non-Exact type Educational Departement such as Potential energy user of Equipment and Lightning.
Underground river resources potential in Gunungkidul regency for drinking water
Authors: Sarminingsih A , Rezagama A , Wahyudi R S , Munawafa’ S N N
Published: January 2021

Gunungkidul has the potential for raw water from underground rivers with a discharge reaching 1,000 lps. This river is in the middle zone of Gunungkidul Regency and has not been used optimally. This study aims to analyze the condition of water supply in Gunungkidul Regency and to plan the development of water supply in Gunungkidul Regency. The methods used in this study include direct measurement, surveys, and interviews. From the analysis it was found that the available underground river discharge capacity in Gunungkidul Regency was 5,756 lps, while the water demand for each district after accumulation was 4,030 lps. The difference between the available discharge capacity and the water needs of Gunungkidul Regency is 1,726 lps. Furthermore, The discharge capacity of 5,050 lps has not been utilized in Gunungkidul Local Water Company. To reduce the difference in discharge capacity, a regional drinking water supply system originating from the Gunungkidul Regency can be made for several districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Spatial modeling for prediction agricultural land-use change in Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Difanty A , Supriatna S.
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a developing country with high population growth. In terms of urbanization, a large amount of agricultural land has been transformed into an urban area that can directly lead to LULC (land use-land cover) changes. Understanding and accessing LULC changes mainly used simulation models like the Cellular Automata and Markov Chain. This model effectively combines the advantages of long-term predictions and can simulate land-use growth. This study aims to analyze and predict the future scenarios of LULC (2010-2031) in the Jampang Kulon Sub District using Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model by considering the physical and socio-economic drivers of LULC dynamics. The study revealed that agricultural land decreased by 17% from 2020 to 2031. Meanwhile, the neighborhood area will be increased by 41% from 2020 to 2031. The growth of neighborhood areas with a crowded pattern is in the northern and center parts of the Jampang Kulon Sub District. The CA-Markov model used in predicting LULC produced a kappa value of 0,87. This study can provide suggestions and a basis for urban development planning in Jampang Kulon Sub District Sukabumi Regency.
Carrying capacity of air quality analysis as part of air pollution control strategy in Kendal Industrial Estate, Kendal Regency, Central Java
Authors: Hardyanti N , Huboyo H S , Prayoga S
Published: January 2021

The development of the industrial sector in Indonesia produces benefits and carries risks, one of which is air pollution. Industrial estates play an important role as economic growth sources with their emissions should have cared about carrying air quality capacity in their area. The projected carrying capacity of air quality is predicted using a simple box model with the emission factor using IPPS. Historical ambient air quality measurements in this area were also collected. Based on the calculation, results show the constructed industries emission load of SO2, NO2, CO, VOC, and TSP 109 tons/year, 128 tons/year, 42 tons/year, 1263 tons/year, and 2008 tons/year. To comply with the ambient air quality standard, the maximum number of industries that can be accommodated in those areas is 190 industries. The critical parameter for violating ambient air quality standard is TSP. Thus, air pollution control strategy should be focused on reducing TSP emission load.
Brief overview on corrosion behaviour of buried structure at Kariangau industrial complex
Authors: Tanjung R A , A W Yusariarta PP , Wulandari M
Published: January 2021

Kariangau industrial complex (KIK) is an industrial area located in Balikpapan. Many establishments in KIK are companies providing support for the mining, oil, and gas industry. Indeed, for KIK to expand, the companies will build infrastructure both above and underground. For underground structure, either it is a pipeline installation, structural foundation, or buried structure, all will be at risk to degrade by corrosion. This study aims to briefly overview corrosion risk in the buried system or pipeline in KIK. In this research, 5 points of reference were chosen to represent different soil conditions in KIK. The material used is API 5L to define the structure of a pipe used in gas industries. The observation was conducted on the soil condition and material to analyze the corrosion behavior in KIK. The result shows that KIK has low corrosion risk and complex corrosion behavior. Some areas have different corrosion behavior than others, and the condition can be dynamic to time. It is recommended to use this article wisely for engineers to use this article for corrosion engineering in this area.
Biological activity influence of soil and nitrates on the yield of soft spring wheat in crop rotation and permanent sowing in Urals southern chernozems
Authors: Mitrofanov D V , Maksyutov N A , Skorokhodov V Yu , Kaftan Yu V , Galaktionova L V , Mordvintsev M P , Tkacheva T A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents a study of the main factors affecting the yield level of soft spring wheat. This research is based on the study of the biological activity of the soil and the content of nitrates in the Urals southern chernozems. This paper is obtained as a result of field and laboratory studies. The purpose of the research work is to establish the influence of each factor individually on the yield of grain crops according to various predecessors and backgrounds of mineral nutrition. For the first time in the experiment, the methodology of the field experiment, decomposition of linen (applications) and the ionometric method are used. Over 18 years, rich experience has been accumulated, and soil fertilizer options have been developed to increase wheat productivity. Studies show that using balanced fertilizer it is possible to increase the yield of wheat after growing millet in this territory to 9.7 centners per 1 ha, the dependence on the influence of the activity of microorganisms is 71.51 %. In other research options, after the application of mineral fertilizers during the growing season, grain yield of 9.4 and 9.0 kg per 1 ha is noted, and the proportion of the effect of nitrate-nitrogen is 33.82 and 24.67 %. The results obtained are of scientific and practical importance in the field of microbiology, chemistry, agriculture, agronomy and agricultural production.
The use of modern biotechnology of reproduction to improve the Hereford gene pool
Authors: Dubovskova M P , Chizhova L N , Surzhikova E S , Gerasimov N P
Published: January 2021

The gene pool improvement of North Caucasian population is carried out through artificial insemination of herds with sperm from sires carrying the desired alleles of genes associated with meat productivity and beef quality. The frequency of homozygotes in CAPN1 gene was found in Stavropol population of Hereford sires: CC – 6 %, GG – 88 % and more. This indicator was 50.0 % in the LL genotype of somatotropin gene (GH), which is 22-28 % more than that in hetero and homozygotes LV and VV. The frequency of CC genotype was 61 % higher in TG5 DNA-marker than that of the heterozygous CT form. The use of modern biotechnological methods of herd reproduction made it possible to reduce the degree of homozygosity in CAPN1 and TG5 genes by 28.8% and by 18.1% in the next generation. The homozygosity degree in CAPN1 and TG5 genes were less by 28.8 % and 18.1 % in progeny than that in sires. However, the number of effective alleles was higher by 0.53 % and 0.41 % for CAPN1 and TG5 SNP markers in progeny bulls. The observed heterozygosity varied in the range of 0.281-0.344 for gene markers CAPN1, GH and TG5 in the sire group. A high genetic similarity was established between sires and progeny – an average of 0.973. This indicator was 0.999 and 0.970 for GH and TG5 gene-markers. The largest genetic distance was determined in CAPN1 gene – 0.044. Thus, the high plasticity of the gene pool in North Caucasian Herefords population has been proved under the influence of a targeted mating system of parental pairs based on the improvement of herd reproduction biotechnology. The progeny bulls from sires-carriers of the desired alleles had an advantage over peers in growth rate at the age of 3-7 months and 12-15 months, it amounted to 163.9 g (17.7 %; P <0.05) and 160.3 g (14.5 %; P <0.05) respectively.
Stock Plant Material of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Based on Biotechnology
Authors: Tikhomirova L I , Gulikova A A
Published: January 2021

Biotechnology applied in the production of medicinal plant biomass will facilitate the multiplication and use of high-quality renewable medicinal materials without destroying natural resources. The study was aimed at the progeny plants of Hypericum perforatum L., Zolotodolinsky cultivar, morphological and anatomical evaluation to identify differences between conventional plant material and the one obtained through biotechnological methods, its biochemical analysis. The technique was developed for clonal micropropagation of Hypericum perforatum L., Zolotodolinsky cultivar. The paper presents a microscopic analysis of St. John’s wort material grown in tissue culture. The key microscopic signs that have diagnostic value are the structure and size of the epidermis, veins, and also 3 types of floral cups. Macro- and microdiagnostic signs were found to be identical in the intact and progeny plants. A phytochemical analysis suggested the presence of phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts (70%) from H. perforatum progeny plants. The content of extractives was established to make up 12.8±0.6%, a total of flavonoids – 5±1%, the amount of tannins – 6.40±0.01% per ADM of progeny plants. For the first time, Hypericum perforatum L. was established to have the content of xanthones 0.20±0.01% per ADM in terms of mangiferin.
Prospects and method of seed grain storage in a container with gas-regulating medium
Authors: Byshov N V , Latyshenok M B , Makarov V A , Latyshenok N M , Ivashkin A V , Manokhina A A , Starovoytova O A
Published: January 2021

The quality of seed grain storage is an important factor in increasing crop yields. Sowing with poor quality seeds even in favorable weather conditions leads to reduction in yields by more than 10 %. During storage, grain loses its weight and quality. The main causes of such losses are biological losses (resulting from grain respiration, the intensity of which depends on the temperature and humidity of the environment); losses from insect pests, rodents that can penetrate the grain mass. The existing storage methods are labor-intensive and low efficient; therefore, this paper describes the method of seed grain storage in a container with gas-regulating medium. It presents the design of the container and the results of laboratory tests to determine the effect of structural and technological parameters of the container on seed grain germination and the change of the vital activity of insect pests of cereals.
The development of a beverage with a dispersion structure from pea grains of domestic selection
Authors: Veber A L , Leonova S A , Simakova I V , Esmurzaeva Zh B
Published: January 2021

In the new global economy, the problem of deficiency of quality protein consumption seems to be acute despite of the lack of hungering and food redundancy. Milk products are supposed to be one of the main resources of protein. The assortment of milk products is quite wide nowadays but it’s not enough when we consider the variety and volume of production of foodstuffs for healthy diets, vegetarians, and consumers with lactose deficiency. The results of this investigation are based on the collaborative research of the scientists from Omsk State Agrarian University, Bashkir State Agrarian University, and Saratov State Agrarian University. The development of healthy foodstuffs with the use of legumes of domestic selection started in 2014. The objective of this research is to work out and make sufficient scientific evidence of pea cultivars usage in the technology of production of a drink with a dispersion structure. Selected pea cultivars of Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture are used. Combined analysis of technological criteria and indicators, which make nutritive and biological value of selected pea cultivars of Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture (harvest 2019), allows recommending pea cultivar “Chishminsky 229” as the main resource for production of a non-alcoholic beverage with a dispersion structure. The cultivar contains high concentration of amino-acids (tryptophan, lysine, and methionine). It is rich in protein and starch. We suppose the developed beverage will help to solve the problem of protein deficiency and make up a deficiency of nutrients and food fibres.
Analysis of the influence of low temperature on the change of physicochemical parameters of fruit and berry raw materials during storage
Authors: Rodionova L Ya , Sobol I V , Donchenko L V
Published: January 2021

A modern postulate of a healthy lifestyle is consuming products with a high content of natural physiologically valuable ingredients. These types of products include fruits and berries. However, the seasonality of their production makes it necessary to search for effective conservation methods that will not significantly change the physicochemical parameters. Considering that the most popular and advanced method is shock freezing, we have analyzed the influence of low temperatures on the quality characteristics of fruit and berry raw materials and the fractional composition of pectic substances. Due to the pluripotential properties, pectic substances determine the functional value of raw materials. As the research object we have chosen winter apple varieties such as Rennet Simirenko, Gloster, Granny Smith, Korey; stone fruits – cherry varieties such as Podbelskaya, Lyubskaya; cherry plum varieties such as Desertnaya and Kremen; berries - red currant varieties such as Natali and Nenaglyadnaya, black currant varieties such as Pamyat Lisavenko and Orloviya. The varieties of fruits and berries were chosen based on their regional prevalence in southern Russia. It has been established that the low-temperature storage of frozen fruit and berry raw materials decreases the weight ratio of dry solids (1.2 - 4.0%), sugars (4.0 - 9.0%) and pectic substances (4.8 - 24.9%). The titratable acid content increases. According to our findings, the fractional composition of pectic substances changed during low-temperature storage of berries, pomiferous and stone fruits. The fractional redistribution was presented in the form of reduction of protopectin and increase of soluble pectin in all studied berry samples. According to the research results, the functional properties are best preserved in berry raw materials.
Agrophysical properties of typical chernozem depending on its treatment and break crop
Authors: Kotlyarova E G , Kazanbekov I A , Titovskaya A I
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the work is to study the variability of soil density and structure under the break crop influence and the method of basic soil treatment and to identify the most optimal combination thereof to improve the agrophysical properties of typical chernozem. The study was conducted in 2011–2014 in the south-western part of the Central Chernozem Reserve (CCR), Russia. It was found that the density of the 40 cm soil layer before green manure cropping only depends on the main soil treatment method, and before their embedding – both on the soil treatment and on the type of the break crop. The highest soil density was in the black fallow variant – 1.14 g/cm3. The break crop sequence was established, according to which the soil density decreases: annual melilot – mustard – peas – vetch and oats – buckwheat and phacelia. The correlation coefficient r = 0.52 (mean bond) confirms the dependence of soil density during the cover crop embedding on their root weight. A significant decrease in the structural factor during the transition from ploughing (5.2) to energy-saving treatment was found: surface tillage up to 4.6 and subsoil tillage up to 3.9. The improvement of soil structure takes place in the following sequence: annual melilot, vetch and oats, peas, buckwheat, phacelia, mustard. In the south-western part of the CCR, mustard, vetch and oats, buckwheat and phacelia are recommended as a fallow crop with the preferential use of ploughing as the main soil treatment.
Strategy for reducing environmental disaster based on social capital (A case study in Indonesia)
Authors: Wibowo A , Karsidi R , Sudardi B , Wijaya M
Published: January 2021

Social capital is the main resource in developing strategies to overcome natural disasters as well as to mobilize community participation in preserving environmental based-local wisdom. Social capital is the ability of individual and communities to represent their own resources and transgenerational solidarity driven by high trust and shared values to achieve goals through established social relations. This paper is intended to explore why the social capital are able to build communities’ behaviour that minimize the occurrence of environmental degradation. The study was conducted in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province. Historically, the region was the first place for bottled water production in Indonesia. However, the source of the spring water of the region remain sustainable up until now. The study’s results show that the strength of social capital in local communities contributes to the effectiveness of building collective action for environmental conservation. The strength of social capital also accelerates capacity building and transformation process of local institutions in order to reduce environmental degradation. More specifically, social capital entities that play an important role are participation in a network, trust, reciprocity, solidarity, togetherness and mutual cooperation.
The effect of row proportion of maize and soybean intercropping on growth and yield of component crops in sandy soil North Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Astiko W , Ernawati N M L , Silawibawa I P
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine nutrient status, mycorrhiza population, and yields of maize-soybean strip intercropping in sandy soil environments of North Lombok, Indonesia. The experiment designed with Randomized Block Design with three blocks and five treatments, i.e., P1 (2 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P2 (3 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P3 (3 rows of maize : 3 rows of soybean), P4 (4 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean), P5 (4 rows of maize : 3 rows of soybean). The results show that an increase of one more row from 3 to 4 rows significantly decreases the weight of maize cobs (3.5-folds), pods (2.3-folds), and 1000 seeds (1-folds). One row of maize plant density, which was beginning three rows to 4 rows, causes a decrease in the weight of dry root biomass and shoot of maize and soybean plants. The root weight and dried shoots of maize fell to 3.5 and 4.5 times, and the weight of dried roots of soybeans fell to 1.41 times at the age of 92 days after observing the 4:3 ratio of maize and soybean plants.
Mung bean cover crop improved soil organic carbon and maize yield in a semiarid area
Authors: Jaya I K D , Sudirman  , Sudika I W
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to know the potential use of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) as a cover crop and its effect on soil organic carbon and maize yield were studied. Six cover crop treatments; 250,000, 375,000 and 500,000 plants/ha combined with desiccation times at 28 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) and one control treatment (without cover crop), were tested in a semi-arid area of North Lombok. Maize at a density of 98,000 plants/ha was planted two weeks following the desiccation time. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the higher cover crop population density with later desiccation time, produced higher above ground biomass, being the highest at 8.3 Mg/ha and the lowest at 2.6 Mg/ha. The highest cover crop biomass improved soil organic carbon by 60%, nitrogen, phosphorous and potash concentrations in plant tissue by 54%, 54% and 63%, respectively, compared to the one in the control treatment. Maize yield also increased by 24% at the highest cover crop density desiccated at 35 DAS. The use of mung bean as a cover crop sounds promising and further studies are needed to explore more of its potential benefits.
Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in a pine-mahogany mixture stands at specific purpose forest area of Gunung Bromo, Karanganyar
Authors: Ikhsan H Z , Sakya A T , Nufus M , Pertiwi Y A B
Published: January 2021

Forest plays an important role on reducing the impact of global warming as carbon sink. Forest has an ability to absorb carbon on large scale and store it as biomass. This research was aim to determine the potential of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands in Specific Purpose Forest Area (SPFA) of Gunung Bromo. The systematic sampling with random start was used to determine the plot, and the distance between plots were 100 m. In total, there were 35 square plots, 20 × 20 m in size, that had been set up under the pine-mahogany mixture stands. This research was conducted by using non-destructive sampling method by measuring the tree volume. The pine-mahogany stands dominated by the trees with diameter class 20-30 cm. The tree density and stand volume were 431 trees/ha and 229.4 m3/ha. Estimated aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and CO2equivalent in pine stands were 136.53 ton/ha, 64.17 ton C/ha, and 235.29 ton/ha, while for mahogany stands were 33.01 ton/ha, 15.56 ton C/ha, and 57.04 ton/ha, respectively. Thus, the total biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands were 169.63 ton/ha and 79.73 ton C/ha. Meanwhile, total CO2-equivalent was 292.23 ton/ha.