bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: A leg ulcer induced by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Danielsen L. , Balslev E.
Published: June 2022

This case report describes the treatment of a leg ulcer resembling pyoderma gangrenosum
Case Report: Vacuum-assisted closure of a sacral pressure sore
Authors: Deva A.K. , Siu C. , Nettle W.J.S.
Published: June 2022

This case study illustrates the use of a vacuum suction technique to stimulate the granulation response in a chronic wound in a patient with morbid obesity
Evaluation: Trial of two bandaging systems for chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Wilkinson E. , Buttfield S. , Cooper S. , Young E.
Published: June 2022

A four-layer bandaging system developed at Charing Cross Hospital has been found to be effective in healing chronic venous ulcers but is not available on the Drug Tariff. An alternative system was devised from bandages avai lable on the Drug Tariff and a community-based randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare the two systems. Twenty-nine patients with a total of 35 ulcerated legs were recruited.

Equal numbers of ulcerated legs healed using the two compression systems. Nineteen ulcerated legs did not heal, of which six were withdrawn from the trial - two in the trial system and four in the Charing Cross system. Of the 13 remaining ulcerated legs, for which treatment was completed, the mean reduction in ulcer area was 34% with the trial system and 39% with the Charing Cross system. The change in ulcer area was not statistically significant. However, a much larger trial is required in order to demonstrate definitively that the two bandaging systems are equivalent.
Reviews
Authors: Fowler Ann
Published: June 2022

Burns Trauma Nursing Procedures
What practice nurses need to know about acute kidney injury
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: June 2022

Acute kidney injury is commonly seen in the community. Peter Ellis looks at the issues practice nurses might want to consider in its management in the community and when referral is necessary

The true prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is uncertain, but the incidence is on the increase. The signs and symptoms of AKI vary according to the exact cause of the injury, but in the community the presenting signs will usually include the patient complaining of a reduced urine output. The signs and symptoms of AKI, including oliguria, tend to have a rapid onset. There are a large number of potential causes of AKI. An understanding of the cause and classification of a particular presentation of AKI will provide the practice nurse with useful clues as to its management. The key to management of AKI in the primary care setting is the removal, or reversal, of its cause, if possible. There is a degree of clinical interpretation that needs to be applied to the referral criteria, which will be informed by the patient's age and comorbidities and the nurse's experience of their care needs and the clinical support available in the general practice. People who recover from AKI require life-long monitoring for complications.
An ethnomusical analysis: Albanian highland songs
Authors: Ismaili Nevrije , Krasniqi Nerxhivane
Published: June 2022

Albanian folklore is very rich in genres and different types of folklore. Among them a special place is occupied by the creations of the Albanian oral epic. In this paper we will treat the songs of songs of mountaineers or, as they are popularly known as highland songs. They are folk creations with a spread not in all Albanian territories. They are mostly practiced in the northern folklore areas and have their own independence, conditioned or determined by the specifics of the way of practice. During our work we can summarize the main features and characteristics of mountainers or highland songs. In addition to the treatments and arguments of the theoretical plan, a number of concrete analyzes will be realized and argumented on our conclusion. We believe that in this way, not as an aim in itself, the spaces of this special type of Albanian folklore will become clearer, more complete and in a more general plan. To reach such a definition, we start from the fact that the poetics of these songs is quite distinct and special, in relation to all other types of Albanian historical songs in general. Among other things, for this type of song we would distinguish the way of singing, which is completely different and unrepeatable in general in all other types of historical songs, poetic structure, shortness of poetry or with so many reduced verses, but also with the lack of pronunciation, and therefore of understanding in many cases of the poetic text.
Ramiz Zöhrabovun yaradıcılığında “Azerbaycan rengleri” ve “Rast deramed”inin nezeri cehetden tehliline bir nezer
Authors: Mustafazade Aslan
Published: June 2022

Teqdim olunan meqalede görkemli musiqişünas-alim, Azerbaycan Respublikasının xalq artisti, senetşünaslıq üzre elmler doktoru, professor Ramiz Zöhrabovun “Azerbaycan rengleri” haqqında elmi-tedqiqat eserinin xüsusiyyetleri tedqiq edilmişdir. Melumdur ki, professor Ramiz Zöhrabov xalq musiqi yaradıcılığının araşdırılması istiqametinde bir çox elmi eserlerin müellifidir ve musiqişünasın “Azerbaycan rengleri” adlı kitabı da şifahi eneneli Azerbaycan professional musiqisinin esas janrları ile bağlıdır. Meqalede Azerbaycan renglerinin janr, lad-meqam ve melodik xüsusiyyetlerin tedqiqi meseleleri esas götürülmüşdür. Bundan ireli gelerek meqalede esas meqsed kimi vurğulanmışdır ki, R.Zöhrabov Azerbaycan renglerini şifahi eneneli Azerbaycan professional musiqisinin bir esas janrı kimi seciyyelendirmiş ve onların xüsusiyyetlerini elmi-nezeri aspektden araşdırmışdır. Onu da qeyd edek ki, müasir Azerbaycan musiqişünaslığında reng ve onun janrlarının tedqiqi meseleleri mehdud saydadır.
Meqalede R.Zöhrabovun Azerbaycan renglerinin araşdırılması ile bağlı müddeaları tedqiq edilmiş ve esas prinsipleri işıqlandırılmışdır. Xüsusile bu janrın növleri olan diringi ve deramedin quruluş xüsusiyyetlerinin etraflı tedqiqi gosterilmisdir. Meqalenin metodologiyası nezeri ve tarixi melumatlara esaslanmış ve ireli sürülen fikirler müqayiseli şekilde etraflı tedqiq edilmişdir. Eyni zamanda R.Zöhrabovun yaradıcılığına istinaden “Rast deramedi”nin nezeri esaslarının tehlili meqam, melodik xüsusiyyetler, musiqi forması ve diger cehetler baxımından tehlile celb edilmişdir. Meqalede ilk defe olaraq, R.Zöhrabovun “Azerbaycan rengleri” adlı elmi-tedqiqat eserindeki ireli sürdüyü müddealar kompleks şekilde araşdırılmışdır. Bu zaman “Rast deramedi”nin nezeri cehetden tehlili xüsusile vurğulanmış ve lad-meqam esası ile melodik xüsusiyyetleri nezere çatdırılmışdır. Bele neticeye gelinmişdir ki, professor R.Zöhrabovun bu kitabı Azerbaycan renglerinin seciyyevi janr xüsusiyyetlerinin araşdırılması istiqametinde mühüm ehemiyyet kesb edir.
Historical, cultural and musical analysis of folk songs about the Çanakkale battle in Albanian Music Folklore: Albanian teachers’ opinions
Authors: Avdyli Merxhan , Kryeziu Veli
Published: June 2022

Albanian culture coexisted for a period of over 500 years with Ottoman culture, at the turn of the new century, along with the Balkan troubles that led to the continued embrace of the transition from an old culture to the ideology of the Young Turk movement, and the continuation of joint Albanian-Turkish actions, in order to protect the Albanian Vilayets from the Serbo-Montenegrin occupiers. Early nineteenth-century Turkey emerged from bloody wars on all sides of its borders and from a weak government led by Abdul Hamid II faced a new war in 1915 now in defense of the Dardanelles in the bloodiest battle "The Battle of Canakkale".
The First World War found Albanians divided and occupied in some of its territories, however, from 1912 Albania had declared Independence, but Kosovo, Skopje and Bitola, Ulcinj and Bar had remained outside the borders, while Chameria - the South of Albania had been invaded by Greece. During the First World War a large number of Albanians remained in the Turkish military service, many others joined the Turkish army, mainly Albanians who had migrated to Turkey from the violence of the Serbo-Montenegrin invaders, as well as some more from Kosovo, Skopje, Tetovo, Presevo, Shkodra, Ulcinj, etc who volunteered to help the Turkish army. According to history, oral literature and written documents, many Albanians died heroically, it is said that about 25,000 martyrs had died in this battle. In their honor, the Albanian people composed songs, it is worth mentioning the "song dedicated to the Battle of Canakkale" by the most prominent folklorists of the Albanian nation.
Our research was done through a semi-structured interview with: 5 teachers of Albanian literature (at the same time master’s students at the University "Kadri Zeka" in Gjilan, Kosovo); 5 history teachers (at the same time master’s students at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo); 2 independent researchers from the Institute of History "Ali Hadri" Prishtina, Kosovo.
CD206+ dendritic cells might be associated with Heat-pattern and induced regulatory T cells after treatment with bee venom
Authors: Jung Woo-Sang , Kwon Seungwon , Yang Jung Yun , Jin Chul , Cho Seung-Yeon , Park Seong-Uk , Moon Sang-Kwan , Park Jung-Mi , Ko Chang-Nam , Bae Hyunsu , Cho Ki-Ho
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a widely used therapy in Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM). We previously reported that BV was clinically effective for treating Parkinson’s disease, that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was the main component of BV, and that it induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) by binding CD206 on dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, we aimed to reconfirm our findings in human blood samples and investigate the relationship between CD206+ DCs and clinical syndrome differentiation in TEAM.Methods: We surveyed 100 subjects with questionnaires on cold-heat patternization and obtained their blood samples. The obtained human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMCs) were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After resuspension with ex vivo media, numbers of cells were counted. Tregs were counted after culturing the samples in a 37℃ CO2 incubator for 72 h.Results: We divided the subjects into a relatively high CD206+ group or a relatively low CD206+ group. The heat factor scores of high CD206+ group were significantly higher than that of low CD206+ group (high vs low: 239.2 ± 54.1 vs 208.4 ± 55.1, p=0.023). After culturing with PLA2, Tregs increased in the high CD206+ group but decreased in the low CD206+ group.Conclusion: In this study, we reconfirm that CD206+ DCs induced Treg differentiation by incubating human blood samples with PLA2 and that they showed an association with syndrome differentiation, especially with heat patterns, in TEAM. A heat pattern in TEAM might be one indication for PLA2 therapy because its score was elevated in the high CD206+ group.
A study on the current state of Korean medicine treatment in infertile women: an observational multi-center study protocol
Authors: Choi Su-Ji , Kim Dong-Il
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of female infertility patients who come to Korean medicine clinics and analyze the trends of Korean medicine treatment methods and the effects of female infertility by registry data.Methods: We are recruiting study participants from Korean medicine hospitals and clinics. If female infertility patients come, we will ask them to register for this study. After enrollment, we will collect demographic information, treatment methods, pregnancy results, adverse events, and treatment costs.Result: First, we will analyze the characteristics of patients, the status of the use of Korean medicine treatment interventions, the cost status of Korean medicine infertility treatment, and the delivery characteristics of pregnant women after Korean medicine treatment. Second, we will analyze the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment. The primary outcome is clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes are 12-week pregnancy maintenance rate, degree of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, stress level, and health-related quality of life score.Discussion: This study is the first observational multi-center study in Korea for female infertility. By establishing the registry, we are creating a resource that contains patient-reported outcome measures for female infertility. The registry is expected to provide valuable data for developing Korean medicine Clinical practice guidelines for female infertility.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Sleep Disorder: An overview of Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Jang Won , Yeo Jin Ju , Kim Kyung Sik , Hyun Min Kyung
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this overview was to summarize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for sleep disorders through systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs).Methods: An overview of systematic review was conducted according to the study protocol (reviewregistry1320). A comprehensive literature search was performed using three databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) and three Korean databases (KoreaMed, KMbase, and ScienceON). Final studies were selected by three authors according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data needed for analysis were extracted by a pre-planned extraction framework. Methodological quality of systematic review was assessed using the ‘Assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR2)’.Results: Fourteen SRs and MAs were included, of which eleven SRs were performed MAs. Twelve studies studied insomnia among sleep disorders, and the rest are nightmares and sleep disturbances with PTSD. Ten studies reported the effect of CBT on sleep disorders measured by insomnia severity index (ISI) and sleep onset latency (SOL), and all reported a significant improvement effect. Eight studies reported the effect of CBT on sleep disorders measured by wake time after sleep onset (WASO), and seven studies reported a significant improvement effect. The methodological quality of the studies evaluated with AMSTAR 2 was mainly low or very low because of omission of protocol registration and excluded study list.Conclusions: Practical guidelines and studies show that CBT is effective for sleep disorders, but access to CBT needs to be improved.
Therapeutic Effect of Nangan-geon for an Elderly Patient with Refractory Abdominal Pain: a Case Report
Authors: Son Chang-Gue
Published: June 2022

Objectve: To inform a clinical usefulness of Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) decoction to treat a refractory abdominal pain especially in eldery.Methods: This case report presents an 85-year old male patient who had been suffered with a refractory abdominal pain without any abnormality in laboratory test and radiological examination for 5-years. The clinical outcome was observed by numerical rating scale (NRS) of self-reporting method.Results: Based on his previous multiple normal examination results from Western hospitals and clinical features including thin body (19.6 BMI), nocturnal pain around lower abdomen and cold-sensitivity, author diagnosed him as “deficiency and cold of liver-Qi (肝氣虛寒)” similar to intestinal spasm. After prescription with Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) for one month, all symptoms became improved notably (NRS 5), and almost completely recovered as a level of normal condition in 3 months (NRS 1).Conclusion: This study would show the potential of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) therapies for a refractory functional abdominal pain, and especially efficacy of Nangan-geon against cold-pattern of nonspecific abdominal pain in elderly patients.
A Case Report of Hypersensitivity Vasculitis with Petechiae Improved by Administration of Jeoryoung-tang
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyun , Jo Eun-Heui , Park Ji-Won , Park Min-Cheol
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study is to report a case of hypersensitivity vasculitis with petechiae improved by Jeoryoung-tangMethods: Petechiae was observed in the upper and lower extremities of the patient. The patient also complained of cystitis symptoms such as dysuria and residual urine. Since there were no other accompanying symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or joint pain, the patient was diagnosed with hypersensitivity vasculitis and Jeoryoung-tang was prescribed for about a month.Results: After administering Jeoryoung-tang for about a month, petechiae improved from 8 to 2 points, and cystitis symptoms also improved from NRS 7 to 2 points.Conclusions: Since it has been confirmed that Jeoryoung-tang was effective as the treatment of skin symptoms through this case, Jeoryoung-tang can be prescribed for patients with other type skin diseases. However, since it is difficult to generalize this single case, continuous follow-up studies should be conducted.
Enhancing the sensing behavior of a reduced graphene magnetite-based plasmonic optical fiber sensor
Authors: Alwahib Ali Abdulkhaleq , Saleh Mohammed A. , Abdulrazzaq Mohammed Jalal
Published: June 2022

The D-shaped optical fiber is a base for the magnetite-based graphene nanocomposite (rGO/Fe3O4) for a Pb heavy metal sensing layer. The designed sensor was studied under the effects of rapid annealing, water circulation, and plasmonic tuning. Various annealing temperatures (100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C) were investigated. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature on the transmission results were found at a short wavelength of 300 nm and a minimum point of∼380nm. The bandgap energy was verified between 2.3 and 3.17 eV for 100°C and 400°C, respectively. The sensor results show modification toward a short wavelength by increasing the rapid annealing temperature. Compared with furnace methods, the transmittance shift of the plasmonic effect showed the best performance under the influence of RTA. RTA at 300°C and 400°C offered an acceptable degree of stability at the beginning (1–50 min). The best performance of the proposed sensor was improved by introducing a circulating liquid chamber into the initial design. The resonance shifts due to Pb ion concentration (5, 10, and 15 ppm) were studied for transmission and wavelength shifts. The sensor shift was enhanced by using a free space polarizer controller attached to the second design. The results give detection and sensing potential in the visible range at a possible remarkable response time. The figure of merit was 62.5 a.u., and the maximum sensitivity was 1 a.u./ppm by using a polarizer controller. This article presents the optical characterizations of plasmonic sensor-basedrGO/Fe3O4for detecting Pb ions and enhancing the resonance shift. RTA for composite material and water circulation associated with D-shaped optical fiber enhances response time and stability designed using a polarizer controller.
Stereo-phase rectification for metric profilometry with two calibrated cameras and one uncalibrated projector
Authors: Juarez-Salazar Rigoberto , Rios-Orellana Obed I. , Diaz-Ramirez Victor H.
Published: June 2022

Fringe projection profilometry requires calibrating both cameras and projectors for metric measurements. Cameras are relatively simple to calibrate, but projectors require more sophisticated procedures. In this paper, a fringe projection profilometer with two calibrated cameras and one uncalibrated projector is developed for metric measurements. A phase rectification method, which is crucial for stereo matching, is designed by minimizing the perspective distortion. Also, a simple method for point matching using stereo rectified phase maps is proposed. The principles of metric profilometry using the proposed rectification method are introduced. The developed system is evaluated experimentally by the metric measurement of three-dimensional objects. The obtained results confirm a high accuracy of metric measurement and versatility in the design of fringe projection profilometers with uncalibrated projectors.
Nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide for a mid-infrared 2  µm Tm:YAG ceramic ultrafast laser
Authors: Cai Enlin , Kong Xiangzheng , Zhang Shuaiyi , Xu Jianyi , Liu Yan , Guo Guanghai
Published: June 2022

In this study, a nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide (NiV-LDH) nanosheet was prepared as a saturable absorber (SA) by liquid phase exfoliation and a drop-coating method. The microstructure and optical transmission properties of the obtained NiV-LDH nanosheet were then systematically studied. An “X”-type fold cavity was designed to evaluate the ultrafast laser modulation performance of the NiV-LDH nanosheet with a Tm:YAG ceramic gain medium. A stable passively

Q

-switched mode-locked (QML) pulse centered at 2011.6 nm has successfully been realized, with a repetition frequency of 145 MHz and a pulse duration of 320 ps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the LDH has been used as an SA in a mid-infrared range ultrafast laser.
Experimental real-time GbE MIMO FSO under fog conditions with software defined GNU Radio platform-based adaptive switching
Authors: Htay Zun , Guerra-Yánez Carlos , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Zvanovec Stanislav , Abadi Mojtaba Mansour , Burton Andrew
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate the first, to our knowledge, experimental implementation of a gigabit Ethernet multiple input single output free space optical (FSO) communications link using adaptive switching implemented in the software defined open-source software, GNU Radio, and analyze its performance. A fully functional FSO link with a feedback path is implemented using cost effective off-the-shelf components, i.e., media converters and small form-factor pluggable modules. We propose a switching mechanism at the transmitter to improve the link performance under different fog conditions and provide results for the proposed FSO system compared with a single FSO link. The real-time channel estimation is demonstrated and, based on the channel state information, adaptive switching is carried out in GNU Radio. We show that the proposed system under the heavy fog condition offers almost the same packet error rate under the clear channel but with a reduced data rate by about 100 Mbps (i.e., 600 Mbps).
Superimposed Hermite–Gaussian-correlated Schell-model beam with multiple off-axis vortices
Authors: Zhou Zheng-Lan , Xu Hua-Feng , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Shaohua , Yuan Yangsheng , Han Yashuai , Zhou Zhengxian , Yao Baoli , Qu Jun
Published: June 2022

We first introduce a class of a superimposed Hermite–Gaussian-correlated Schell model with a multiple off-axis vortices beam, with the side lobe of the beam carrying one to four vortex singularities at the source plane. Subsequently, the variation laws of this beam after being focused by a thin lens are studied theoretically to obtain the optimal beam parameters. The numerical simulation results show that the beam possesses a unique multiple vortex structure, phase structure, and orbital angular momentum. Its intensity resembles a spiral staircase rotating around the axes. The rotational symmetry property of the transverse energy flow along the

z

axis was broken by the vortices. The hot spot position can be adjusted flexibly by changing the off-axis distance of vortices. This study is of great significance for nondestructive capture and manipulation of multiple particles or cells.
Plasmonically enhanced composite vortex beam generation using ultra-thin dielectric fork gratings
Authors: Kumar Nirjhar , Arora Ankit , Krishnan Ananth
Published: June 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a simple method for the generation of composite vortex beams using resonant ultra-thin dielectric fork gratings (UFGs) of thicknesses an order of magnitude less than the incident wavelength. The degradation in the diffraction efficiency of these gratings at reduced dielectric thicknesses was computationally shown to be compensated for by introducing a thin continuous gold layer (Au, 30 nm) between the grating and the substrate. At the resonance wavelength, the diffraction efficiency of UFGs with Au was

∼

4

times higher when compared to that of UFGs without Au, which was attributed to plasmon-induced transmission enhancement. UFGs were fabricated with optimized geometric parameters using electron beam lithography. These gratings showed lattice-plasmon resonance at the wavelength corresponding to the grating vector, resulting in vortex beams with a specific wavelength and polarization selectivity. Further, hybrid UFGs were designed by replacing a central concentric circular region of a UFG with another UFG of a different topological charge. These hybrid UFGs resulted in the formation of composite vortex beams, indicating that the relative spatial phase imparted to the lattice plasmon by hybrid gratings was preserved in the leaked radiation. These results can help in designing integrated, ultra-thin, low aspect ratio optical-phase-singularity structures for enhanced optical sources, detectors, and sensing applications.
Analytical Lah-Laguerre optical formalism for perturbative chromatic dispersion
Authors: Popmintchev Dimitar , Wang Siyang , Zhang Xiaoshi , Stoev Ventzislav , Popmintchev Tenio
Published: June 2022

We present a generalized perturbative analytical formalism for evaluation and optimization of the chromatic dispersion of complex ultrafast optical systems. Notably, we identify polynomial and recursive relations associated with the chromatic dispersion orders that are identical to the Lah and Laguerre transforms. We explicitly outline the first ten dispersion terms and dispersion slope parameters and visualize the significance of the chromatic dispersion orders for several advanced ultrafast optical and photonic systems consisting of various optical materials and nanostructures, grating and prism-pair compressors, and hollow-core photonic anti-resonant fibers. The derived simple hypergeometric transforms are applicable for evaluation of infinitely high orders for any type of frequency-dependent phase and can facilitate the optimization of complex optical systems with controlled dispersion balance at the single-cycle waveform extreme.
Measurement of dynamic atomic polarizabilities of Al at 19 wavelengths from 420 nm to 680 nm in electrical exploding wire experiments
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wu Jian , Lu Yihan , Jiang Zhiyuan , Zhang Cheng , Wang Zhenyu , Shi Huantong , Li Xingwen , Zhou Lin
Published: June 2022

The dynamic polarizabilities of Al atom at 19 wavelengths from 420 nm to 680 nm are measured experimentally for the first time. A 15 µm diameter Al wire is heated to the gas/ microdrop stage using a 3 kA, 25 ns pulsed current, and the energy deposition when the resistive voltage reaches its peak is 4.7 eV·atom−1, which is higher than the atomization enthalpy of Al but much lower than its first ionization potential. Two laser interferometric images of the Al gas are obtained simultaneously using a 532 nm laser and an optical parametric oscillator laser. Then an integrated phase method is used to reconstruct the Al atomic linear density distribution based on the known atomic polarizability at 532 nm, which acts as a bridge between the two interferograms to obtain the relative atomic polarizability value at a specific wavelength with respect to the value at 532 nm. The measured dynamic polarizability of Al atom decreases from 13.5×10−24 cm3 to 9.4×10−24 cm3 as the wavelength increases from 420 nm to 680 nm with a measurement error of approximately ±10%. The experimental result fits well with an uncoupled Hartree-Fock approximation, and the reconstructed static polarizability of 8.13 ± 0.79×10−24 cm3 is well matched with reference measurement results.
Analysis of low-frequency THz emission from monolayer graphene irradiated by a long two-color laser pulse
Authors: Guan Zhong , Wang Bincheng , Wang Guo-Li , Zhou Xiao-Xin , Jin Cheng
Published: June 2022

Terahertz (THz) radiations from graphene are expected to provide a powerful light source for their wide applications. However, their conversion efficiencies are limited with either long-duration or few-cycle single-color laser pulses. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that THz waves can be efficiently generated from monolayer graphene by using a long-duration two-color laser pulse at normal incidence. Our simulated results show that low-frequency THz emissions are sensitive to the phase difference between two colors, the laser intensity, and the fundamental wavelength. Their dependence on these parameters can be very well reproduced by asymmetry parameters accounting for electron populations of conduction and valence bands. On the contrary, a newly defined σ parameter including the Landau-Zener tunneling probability cannot precisely predict such dependence. Furthermore, the waveform of THz electric field driven by two-color laser pulses exhibits the typical feature of a half-cycle pulse.
High-power cylindrical vector beam fiber laser based on an all-polarization-maintaining structure
Authors: Liu Xiangzhong , Zhang Yimin , Dong Zhipeng , Lv Jialiang , Dai Chuansheng , Luo Jing , Lu Yuan , Ma Xuexiao , Lin Jiaqiang , Yao Peijun , Gu Chun , Xu Lixin , Zhan Qiwen
Published: June 2022

We propose and demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) high-power cylindrical vector beam (CVB) fiber laser based on the principle of mode superposition. The non-degenerated LPy 11a is generated from the oscillator with the maximum power of 11.9W, whose slope efficiency is 24.4%. Then the stable single TE01 vector beam is achieved by the superposition of LPy 11a and LPx 11b in an all-PM architecture, its output power is 3.1W and mode purity of 91.2%. Due to the all-PM architecture, our configuration is free of adjusting polarization controller (PC) and reliable during long-term operation. This laser could be used as a high-power CVBs source for a wide range of applications towards scientific research and industrial field.
Single-/fused-band dual-mode mid-infrared imaging with colloidal quantum-dot triple-junctions
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Mu Ge , Cao Jie , Luo Yuning , Hao Qun , Chen Menglu , Tan Yimei , Zhao Pengfei , Tang Xin
Published: June 2022

Image data acquired with fused multispectral information can be used for effective identification and navigation owing to additional information beyond human vision, including thermal distribution, night vision, and molecular composition. However, the construction of photodetectors with such capabilities is hindered by the structural complexity arising from the integration of multiple semiconductor junctions with distinct energy gaps and lattice constants. In this work, we develop a colloidal quantum-dot dual-mode detector capable of detecting, separating, and fusing photons from various wavelength ranges. Using three vertically stacked colloidal quantum-dot homojunctions with alternating polarity, single-band short-wave infrared imaging and fused-band imaging (short-wave and mid-wave infrared) can be achieved with the same detector by controlling bias polarity and magnitude. The dual-mode detectors show detectivity up to

8
×

10

10

Jones at the fused-band mode and

3.1
×

10

11

Jones at the single-band mode, respectively. Without image post-processing algorithms, the dual-mode detectors could provide both night vision and thermal information-enhanced night vision imaging capability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first colloidal quantum-dot detector that can achieve such functionality. The operation mode can be changed at a high frequency up to 1.7 MHz, making it possible to achieve simultaneously dual-mode imaging and remote temperature sensing.
High-efficiency InGaN red micro-LEDs for visible light communication
Authors: Huang Yu-Ming , Peng Chun-Yen , Miao Wen-Chien , Chiang Hsin , Lee Tzu-Yi , Chang Yun-Han , Singh Konthoujam James , Iida Z. Daisuke , Horng Ray-Hua , Chow Chi-Wai , Lin Chien-Chung , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Chen Shih-Chen , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: June 2022

In this study, we present a high-efficiency InGaN red micro-LED fabricated by the incorporation of superlattice structure, atomic layer deposition passivation, and a distributed Bragg reflector, exhibiting maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.02% with a low efficiency droop corresponding to an injection current density of

112
  

A
/
cm

2

. The fast carrier dynamics in the InGaN is characterized by using time-resolved photoluminescence, which is correlated to a high modulation bandwidth of 271 MHz achieved by a

6
×

25-μm-sized micro-LED array with a data transmission rate of 350 Mbit/s at a high injection current density of

2000
  

A
/
cm

2

. It holds great promise for full-color micro-displays as well as high-speed visible light communication applications based on monolithic InGaN micro-LED technologies.
Heterogeneously integrated quantum-dot emitters efficiently driven by a quasi-BIC-supporting dielectric nanoresonator
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Ruxue , Zhao Xuyi , Yu Wenfu , Jin Yi , Gong Qian , Wu Aimin
Published: June 2022

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) can make subwavelength dielectric resonators sustain low radiation leakage, paving a new way to minimize the device size, enhance photoluminescence, and even realize lasing. Here, we present a quasi-BIC-supporting GaAs nanodisk with embedded InAs quantum dots as a compact bright on-chip light source, which is realized by heterogeneous integration, avoiding complex multilayered construction and subsequent mismatch and defects. The emitters are grown inside the nanodisk to match the mode field distribution to form strong light–matter interaction. One fabricated sample demonstrates a photoluminescence peak sustaining a quality factor up to 68 enhanced by the quasi-BIC, and the emitting effect can be further promoted by improving the epilayer quality and optimizing the layer-transferring process in the fabrication. This work provides a promising solution to building an ultracompact optical source to be integrated on a silicon photonic chip for high-density integration.
Ultrafast miniaturized GaN-based optoelectronic proximity sensor
Authors: An Xiaoshuai , Yang Hongying , Luo Yumeng , Chu Zhiqin , Li Kwai Hei
Published: June 2022

In this work, a novel ultrafast optoelectronic proximity sensor based on a submillimeter-sized GaN monolithic chip is presented. Fabricated through wafer-scale microfabrication processes, the on-chip units adopting identical InGaN/GaN diode structures can function as emitters and receivers. The optoelectronic properties of the on-chip units are thoroughly investigated, and the ability of the receivers to respond to changes in light intensity from the emitter is verified, revealing that the sensor is suitable for operation in reflection mode. Through a series of dynamic measurements, the sensor is highly sensitive to object movement at subcentimeter distances with high repeatability. The sensor exhibits ultrafast microsecond response, and its real-time monitoring capability is also demonstrated by applying it to detect slight motions of moving objects at different frequencies, including the human heart rate, the vibration of the rotary pump, the oscillation of the speaker diaphragm, and the speed of the rotating disk. The compact and elegant integration scheme presented herein opens a new avenue for realizing a chip-scale proximity sensing device, making it a promising candidate for widespread practical applications.
Effect of preterm birth on early neonatal, late neonatal, and postneonatal mortality in India
Authors: Kannaujiya Ajit Kumar , Kumar Kaushalendra , Upadhyay Ashish Kumar , McDougal Lotus , Raj Anita , James K. S. , Singh Abhishek
Published: June 2022

Despite India having a high burden of infant deaths and preterm birth, there is a clear lack of studies documenting association between preterm birth and infant mortality in India. Additionally, existing studies have failed to account for unobserved heterogeneity while linking preterm birth with infant mortality. Hence, the present study examines association of preterm birth with early neonatal death (ENND), late neonatal death (LNND), and postneonatal death (PNND) in India. We used the reproductive calendar canvassed in the cross-sectional National Family Health Survey 2015–16 (NFHS-4) to identify preterm births. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations for all births, most-, second most-, and third most- recent births occurred in five years preceding NFHS-4. We use mother fixed-effect logistic regression to confirm the associations among all recent births. Among all births, preterm births were 4.2, 3.8, and 1.7 times as likely as full-term births to die during early neonatal, late neonatal, and postneonatal periods respectively. Among most recent births, preterm births were 4.4, 4.0, and 2.0 times as likely as full-term births to die during early neonatal, late neonatal, and postneonatal periods respectively. Preterm births were also associated with risk of only ENND, LNND, and PNND among the second most recent births. Preterm births were associated with risk of only ENND and LNND among the third most recent births. Preterm births were also associated with ENND, LNND, and PNND in the mother fixed-effects regressions. This study establishes associations of preterm birth with ENND, LNND, and PNND in India using over 0.2 million births that occurred in 5 years preceding one of the largest population-based representative household surveys conducted in any part of the world. Our findings call for programmatic and policy interventions to address the considerable burden of preterm birth in the country.
Knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination practices and its barriers among university female students in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarker Rumpa , Islam Md. Saiful , Moonajilin Mst. Sabrina , Rahman Mahmudur , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Ward Paul R.
Published: June 2022

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is the best approach towards its control that may result in alleviating related mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge about breast cancer and both practices and perceived barriers to breast self-examination among female university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 400 female students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Participants were sampled from female dormitories at the university from January to April 2020. Proportionate stratified random sampling was conducted to calculate the study sample from each dormitory. A validated semi-structured self-reported questionnaire was employed to collect data from participants during the survey periods. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, items about knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination practices and its barriers. We applied descriptive and inferential statistics and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Participants were aged between 18–26 years and comprised university students of first year (20%), second year (24%), third year (22%), fourth year (21%) and Master’s (14%). 18% of them reported positive family history (mother, aunt, sister/cousin, grandmother) of breast cancer. The overall mean score of total knowledge items was 15 (SD = 3) out of 43, with an overall correct rate of 34%. The mean score of total knowledge items was significantly higher (p<0.001) among Master’s students and students with family members who have had breast cancer. Only one in five students (21%) ever practiced breast self-examination. The mean score of practice of breast self-examination was significantly higher (p<0.001) among participants who reported having family member of breast cancer. Total knowledge score about breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.54; p<0.001). About 33% participants reported ‘lack of knowledge’ as the main barrier to practicing breast self-examination followed by ‘I do not have the symptoms’ (22%), and ‘shyness/ uncomfortable feelings’ (17%). The study revealed low levels of knowledge about breast cancer and low breast self-examination practices. Our findings highlight the need to develop, implement and promote socially, culturally and demographically appropriate educational interventions programs aimed at breast cancer and breast self-examination awareness and practice in Bangladesh.
Use of an algorithm based on routine blood laboratory tests to exclude COVID-19 in a screening-setting of healthcare workers
Authors: Leers Math P. G. , Deneer Ruben , Mostard Guy J. M. , Mostard Remy L. M. , Boer Arjen-Kars , Scharnhorst Volkher , Stals Frans , Kleinveld Henne A. , van Dam Dirk W.
Published: June 2022

Background

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic leading to exhaustion of the hospital care system. Our health care system has to deal with a high level of sick leave of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 related complaints, in whom an infection with SARS-CoV-2 has to be ruled out before they can return back to work. The aim of the present study is to investigate if the recently described CoLab-algorithm can be used to exclude COVID-19 in a screening setting of HCWs.

Methods

In the period from January 2021 till March 2021, HCWs with COVID-19-related complaints were prospectively collected and included in this study. Next to the routinely performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, using a set of naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples, two blood tubes (one EDTA- and one heparin-tube) were drawn for analysing the 10 laboratory parameters required for running the CoLab-algorithm.

Results

In total, 726 HCWs with a complete CoLab-laboratory panel were included in this study. In this group, 684 HCWs were tested SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative and 42 cases RT-PCR positive. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.853 (95% CI: 0.801–0.904). At a safe cut-off value for excluding COVID-19 of -6.525, the sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 34% (95% CI: 21 to 49%). No SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cases were missed with this cut-off and COVID-19 could be safely ruled out in more than one third of HCWs.

Conclusion

The CoLab-score is an easy and reliable algorithm that can be used for screening HCWs with COVID-19 related complaints. A major advantage of this approach is that the results of the score are available within 1 hour after collecting the samples. This results in a faster return to labour process of a large part of the COVID-19 negative HCWs (34%), next to a reduction in RT-PCR tests (reagents and labour costs) that can be saved.
Cohesión legislativa en la cámara más valorada: El caso del Senado de Chile, 1990-2018
Authors: Campos-Parra Hernán , Navia Patricio Daniel
Published: June 2022

En sistemas bicamerales, resulta equívoco generalizar el comportamiento de una cámara a la otra. Después de discutir los determinantes de la cohesión legislativa, postulamos seis hipótesis que sometemos a prueba con las 4.741 votaciones de proyectos de ley en el Senado de Chile entre 1990 y 2018. El oficialismo es más cohesionado que la oposición. No hay más cohesión en proyectos más importantes, en etapas más avanzadas o en proyectos presentados por el ejecutivo. Hay menos cohesión en el último año, pero no mayor cohesión en el primer año de gobierno.
The Effect of Married Women's Parental Problem Drinking and Gender Equality Consciousness on Marital Communication
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Sun-Hee , Kim Hye-Sun
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of married women's parental problem drinking and gender equality consciousness on marital communication. In October 2019, data was collected on married women in the Southern part of Gangwon Province, and was analyzed by the SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of this study, 42.5% of subjects were ACOAs who were affected by their parental problem drinking. The younger they were, the more gender equality awareness and the better marital communication they had. The shorter their marriage period, the better their marital communication. As for the influence of parental problem drinking on marital communication, the more influence they had on parental problem drinking, the less likely they were to communication. And as for the influence of gender equality awareness on marital communication, the higher the gender equality awareness, the more likely they were to communicate. Based on these results, the interventions to improve marital communication of married women were proprsed.
A Study on the Role of Media and Citizens in the Digital Media Ecosystem: Focusing on the Controversy over the Revision of the Media Arbitration Act
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lim Heung Sun
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on the situation that the rise of digital media has profoundly disrupted traditional media, and trie to review the necessity of the right to request for blocking new articles. The right to request for blocking of reading becomes a point of controversy due to coming into conflict with the right to know, to be forgotten, and freedom of speech on the threshold of the digital era. Digital media has led to an entirely new chapter such as increased news consumption, content, and diversified channels across multiple media platforms. Because of these features, it is acting as a source of spread of ‘fake news’, the potential for damage caused by press reports has increased over the years. In the digital media ecosystem, for the access to legal revision for act on press arbitration, the right to request for blocking of reading should be newly established and the press also should beset up the internal policy related to it. In addition, remedies for damage caused by press reports should be available at damages caused by press reports on a variety of platforms, and the digital age needs to be helped a great deal in growing civil society.
Smart Learning Experience Due to COVID-19
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Hee Hyen , Lee Chun Yee , Park Keum Nyu , Oh Eun Jung
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for future competency reinforcement after confirming whether instructors and learners experience smart learning and learners have core competencies such as creativity, collaboration ability and convergent thinking in the educational environment changed due to COVID-19. The research method was a Mixed method, combination of quantitative research and qualitative research. 503 students from freshmen to seniors enrolled in “C” college participated from September 01 to December 04, 2020. We analyzed the data based on Colaizzi’s phenomenological research method. We found that learning motivation increased, after applying smart learning, which is statistically significant (t=16.28, p<.001). Self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy increased from 3.21 ± 0.32 to 4.01 ± 0.22, which was also statistically significant (t+21.03, p<.001). Pessimistic thinking tendencies increased from 3.14 ± 0.21 to 3.24 ± 0.19, but there was no statistical significance (t=-.93, p=.259). As a result of qualitative analysis of the experience of smart learning, we found 10 themes and 4 theme clusters. Based on the results, we like to say that we should reduce the gap in the use of digital devices between learners and instructors.