bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories of Korean and heritage language proficiencies and their association with maladjustment among Korean multicultural adolescents
Authors: Park Jisu , Han Yoonsun
Published: December 2022

This study identified changes in Korean and heritage language proficiencies across five waves (2011–2015) and examined the association between linguistic acculturation trajectories and adjustment (2016) among Korean adolescents with immigrant family backgrounds (N = 1441; 51.21% female; Mage(baseline) = 9.97). All adolescents were from multiethnic families with 91.65% comprising a non‐Korean Asian mother (e.g., Japan, Philippines, China, Thailand) and Korean father. Parallel process latent class growth modeling and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to estimate the trajectories of linguistic acculturation and their effects on adolescents' future adjustment. Linguistic acculturation trajectories were classified into three latent groups. Bilingual adolescents demonstrated better adjustment over adolescents in other trajectories. Findings highlight the importance of considering patterns of change in linguistic acculturation for understanding Korean multicultural adolescents' adjustment.
Retrospective cohort assessment of survival and complications of zygomatic implants in atrophic maxillae
Authors: Vrielinck Luc , Moreno‐Rabie Catalina , Coucke Wim , Jacobs Reinhilde , Politis Constantinus
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To report on zygomatic implant (ZI) survival rate and associated complications through a longitudinal retrospective cohort assessment.

Material and Methods

A total of 940 ZIs (rough: 781, machined: 159; immediate loading: 454, delayed loading: 486) and 451 standard implants (rough: 195, machined: 256; immediate loading: 58, delayed loading: 393) were placed in 302 adult patients with atrophic maxilla from December 1998 till September 2020. Following data collection reported complications were grouped based on their origin as infectious/ non‐infectious biological and mechanical. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors and preceding complications leading to implant loss (P < 0.05).

Results

The survival rate of ZI was found to be 89.9% and the average time between implant placement and an eventual loss was 4.8 years. The mean ZI follow‐up period was 7.9 ± 4.9 years. Amongst the infectious biological complications, sinusitis was the most reported (n = 138) occurring at a mean follow‐up time‐point of 4.5 years, whereas infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia occurred more frequently in the non‐infectious biological category (n = 8, meantime: 0.3 years). The prosthetic screw fracture was the most reported complication of mechanical origin (n = 29, meantime: 4 years). Furthermore, sinusitis, standard implant loss, zygomatic/peri‐zygomatic region infection, and oroantral communication were significantly associated with ZI loss.

Conclusions

ZI placement offered a high survival rate for the rehabilitation of severely atrophied maxilla with most losses occurring within the first 5 years at follow‐up. The most frequently observed complication was sinusitis which tends to develop several years following implant placement.
Barjeel Art Foundation: Cross‐National Bridge Building and Decolonisation of the History of Art
Authors: Kelly Mary
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on the Barjeel Art Foundation based in Sharjah, UAE. Using a case study approach the work demonstrates how art, art exhibitions and museum spaces are positioned as influencers in the formation of an inclusive space within the History of Art for scholarship on modern and contemporary art from the Middle East and North Africa. Founded in 2010, the Barjeel is a strong proponent for cross‐national bridge building through national and international temporary exhibitions. However, in 2018 the foundation altered their exhibition practice from temporary shows to a long‐term display at the Sharjah Art Museum (SAM). I argue that this shift in exhibition practice from temporary/travelling to long‐term/stationary is demonstrating the foundation's pendulum swing away from acting as cross‐national bridge builder towards being an important supporter for the decolonisation of art history. To be clear, since its founding the Barjeel has always supported the development of Arab modern art through art collecting and temporary exhibition practices; however, since 2018, the foundation's curatorial choices are showing acknowledgment of the clear distinctions between engagement with art collecting or art criticism and the practices used in the discipline of the History of Art. To support this claim, the study argues that the Barjeel's recent long‐term show at SAM is posing nuanced art historical questions, which engage with yet move far beyond art criticism and political discourse. In addition, through its long‐term exhibition at SAM the Barjeel is defining its purpose away from modernism tied to Europe and making valuable contributions to region specific modernism in the History of Art.
Synergies between Schools and Rural Museums: Insights from the Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Pérez‐Izaguirre Elizabeth , Arrieta Urtizberea Iñaki , Boixaderas Elena Ramírez
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes synergies between two rural museums and schools in the Spanish Pyrenees: Ecomuseu dels Valls d'Àneu and Espacio Pirineos. The foundation, organization, and development of these museums, neither of which has an education department, are examined via qualitative fieldwork (documentary analysis and interviews). Documentary analysis reveals differences in the conditions under which the museums were founded: Ecomuseu dels Valls d'Àneu was a collective initiative by local agents based on the new museology of the 1980s, whereas Espacio Pirineos was a political initiative by the town council with the aim of promoting tourism. These differences can be seen in each center's relationships with schools, the Ecomuseu dels Valls d'Àneu's network being more developed. Nonetheless, in both museums, activities and exhibitions to attract schools are of fundamental importance. The findings show that, in the absence of education departments in rural museums, it is vital to establish networks between museums and educational entities to consolidate relationships and museum education.
Content and sentiment analysis of gabapentinoid‐related tweets: An infodemiology study
Authors: Mathieson Stephanie , O'Keeffe Mary , Traeger Adrian C. , Ferreira Giovanni E , Abdel Shaheed Christina
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The increasing number of gabapentinoid (pregabalin and gabapentin) harms, including deaths observed across countries is concerning to health‐care professionals and policy makers. However, it is unclear if the public shares these concerns. This study aimed to describe posts related to gabapentinoids, conduct a content analysis to identify common themes and describe adverse events or symptoms.

Methods

Keywords of ‘pregabalin’ or ‘Lyrica’ or ‘gabapentin’ or ‘Neurontin’ were used to search for related tweets posted by people in the community between 8 March and 7 May 2021. Eligible tweets included a keyword in the post. We extracted de‐identified data which included descriptive data of the total number of posts over time; and data on individual tweets including date, number of re‐tweets and post content. Data were exported separately for pregabalin‐ and gabapentin‐related tweets. A 20% random sample was used for the thematic analysis.

Results

There were 2931 pregabalin‐related tweets and 2736 gabapentin‐related tweets. Thematic analysis revealed three themes (sharing positive experiences and benefits of taking gabapentinoids, people voicing their negative experiences, and people seeking opinions and sharing information). Positive experiences of gabapentinoids were related to sharing stories and giving advice. This was contrasted to negative experiences including ineffectiveness, withdrawals, side effects and frustration related to cost and insurance coverage. Brain fog was the most common adverse symptom reported. Gabapentinoid‐related deaths were only mentioned in three tweets.

Discussion

The increasing public health concern of gabapentinoid‐related deaths was not translated to Twitter discussions.
‘When God sees us in the circuses’: Salvian of Marseille’s De gubernatione Dei and the critique of Roman society
Authors: Stutz Jonathan
Published: December 2022

This article addresses Salvian of Marseille’s treatise on God’s governance (De gubernatione Dei), one of the most important sources for the Germanic peoples’ period of migration at the beginning of the fifth century. It focuses in particular on Salvian’s critique of public entertainment, in the middle of Book VI. As I would like to show, his invective against this aspect of Roman life is closely connected to the theme underlying the entire treatise, since it offers a key argument for Salvian’s attempt to demonstrate collective responsibility for the present crisis. At the same time, the author’s critique of the circus and the theatre stands as a defining point in his greater appeal for moral reform, letting him challenge the desire in Trier to bring back the city’s glorious past through a restoration of public entertainment.
Sustainable development in equine anaesthesia
Authors: Haseler Callum J. , West Eleanor , Louro Luís Filipe , Petruccione Ilaria , White Kate L. , Pierce J. M. Tom
Published: December 2022

Climate change is ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st century’, and healthcare provision itself comes at an environmental cost. Volatile anaesthetic agents are potent greenhouse gases, but emissions arising from these waste anaesthetic gases can be dramatically reduced through a number of simple actions. This editorial lays out the options for more sustainable equine anaesthesia.
Social influences predicting involvement in couple relationship education
Authors: Totura Garrison Christine M. W. , Neely Daniel , McGill Julianne , Adler‐Baeder Francesca
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study explored the implementation climate of couple relationship education (CRE), specifically the positive role intimate partners, group members, and program facilitators have on one's beneficial involvement in programming.

Background

For CRE programs to be effective, participants need to be actively involved, yet little is known about social influences in the program encouraging participation in CRE. The perceived involvement of influential others was expected to moderate the relationship between intentions to participate and actual CRE involvement, with this involvement related to improvements in marital quality.

Method

Participants (584 men; Mage = 38.9 years and 627 women; Mage = 36.4 years) completed online surveys assessing study variables pre‐ and post‐CRE programming.

Results

Perceived intimate partner involvement contributed to better individual involvement and relationship quality for women with low intentions to participate in CRE, whereas both perceived partner and group involvement tended to have a protective effect for men's involvement.

Conclusion

This study primarily demonstrates the importance of the perception of one's intimate partner's involvement in predicting individual involvement in CRE programs.

Implications

Determining predictors of program involvement assists with understanding the context of CRE effectiveness and skill acquisition for those intended to benefit.
Ferulic acid improves glucose homeostasis by modulation of key diabetogenic activities and restoration of pancreatic architecture in diabetic rats
Authors: Salau Veronica F. , Erukainure Ochuko L. , Olofinsan Kolawole O. , Bharuth Vishal , Ijomone Omamuyovwi M. , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: December 2022

There are increasing concerns on the rising cases of diabetes mellitus with type 2 diabetes (T2D) being of major interest as well as the cost of its treatment. Plant phenolic compounds are natural and potent antioxidants that have been widely reported for their antidiabetic activities properties, one of which is ferulic acid. The effect of ferulic acid (FA) on major diabetogenic activities and pancreatic architecture linked to T2D was investigated in T2D rats. T2D was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats using the fructose‐streptozotocin model. Diabetic rats were treated with FA at 150 or 300 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Normal control consisted of rats administered with food and water, while diabetic control consisted of untreated diabetic rats. Metformin was used as the standard drug. The rats were humanely sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment. Their blood, liver, and pancreas were collected for analysis. Total glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities were analyzed in the liver, while the pancreas and serum from blood were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, purinergic and cholinergic enzyme activities, and amylase and lipase activities. The pancreatic tissue was further subjected to microscopic and histological examinations. FA caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level, with concomitant increase in serum insulin level. Treatment with FA also led to elevated levels of GSH, HDL‐c, SOD, and catalase activities, while concomitantly suppressing malondialdehyde, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL‐c, NO, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels, acetylcholinesterase, ATPase, ENTPDase, 5′‐nucleotidase, lipase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, and fructose‐1,6‐biphosphatase activities. Histology analysis revealed an intact pancreatic morphology in FA‐treated diabetic rats. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed an intact pancreatic ultrastructure and increased number of insulin granules in β‐cells. Taken together, these results portray that the antidiabetic potentials of ferulic acid involves modulation of major diabetogenic activities and maintenance of the pancreatic ultrastructure architecture.
Cost‐utility analysis of emicizumab for the treatment of severe hemophilia A patients in Canada
Authors: Yu Jacky K. , Wong William W. L. , Keepanasseril Arun , Iorio Alfonso , Edginton Andrea N.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

EHL FVIII products and emicizumab provide clinicians with other prophylactic options for treating hemophilia A, however, it is unclear if emicizumab is a cost‐saving option. The objective of this study is to estimate the health and economic effects of using prophylactic EHL FVIII, SHL FVIII, and emicizumab in severe haemophilia A patients.

Materials and Methods

A state‐transition Markov model evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of prophylactic SHL FVIII, EHL FVIII, and emicizumab in a cohort of 2‐year‐old male patients over a lifetime horizon in the form of a cost‐utility analysis using a Canadian provincial ministry of health payer perspective. The transition probabilities, costs, and utilities were obtained from literature and the Canadian Bleeding Disorders Registry. Probabilistic sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model.

Results

The base‐case analysis, over a lifetime horizon, resulted in a total cost and utilities per person for SHL FVIII, EHL FVIII, and emicizumab of $27.2 million (M), $36.7 M, and $26.2 M, respectively, and 31.30, 31.16, and 31.61 quality‐adjusted life years, respectively. Emicizumab treatment resulted in 29 and 16 less bleeds in a lifetime compared to SHL FVIII and EHL FVIII, respectively. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that emicizumab was cost‐saving 100% of the time compared to SHL FVIII and EHL FVIII.

Conclusion

The cost‐utility analysis showed that emicizumab is more effective and may be less costly than FVIII for Canadian haemophilia A patients, conditional on drug cost assumptions. Our model indicates that emicizumab may be a potentially favourable treatment option for minimising healthcare costs and providing higher effectiveness.
Thirty‐two years' experience of treating fulminant hepatitis in a Japanese single center
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Yasui Shin , Kondo Takayuki , Nakamura Masato , Arai Makoto , Kanda Tatsuo , Yokosuka Osamu , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Abe Ryuzo , Kato Naoya
Published: December 2022

Aim

The prognosis of patients with acute liver failure has improved dramatically in the past three decades due to advances in medical critical care and use of liver transplantation (LT) in Western countries, where the etiology of acute liver failure is different from that in Japan. We analyzed patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) and late‐onset hepatic failure (LOHF) admitted to our unit over a 32‐year period to clarify the nature of Japanese patients with FH and LOHF.

Methods

A total of 137 Japanese patients with FH and LOHF between 1986 and 2017 were analyzed for etiologies, disease types, treatment protocols, and outcome.

Results

Of 137 patients, 124 were FH (53 acute type and 71 subacute type) and 13 LOHF. The major etiology was due to viral infections in 48% of patients. A total of 23.4% of patients recovered without LT, 7.3% received LT, and 69.3% died without LT. The number of patients showed rise and fall without an evident decrease during the period. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis increased after the establishment of autoimmune hepatitis criteria in 1999 (p < 0.001), and that with indeterminate cause decreased (p < 0.01). The mean age was older in the last decade than in the first decade (p = 0.036). Spontaneous and overall survival rates were not different during the period.

Conclusions

The prognosis of our patients with FH and LOHF has not improved, probably because of aging and the increasing proportion of etiologies with poor prognosis and difficult‐to‐treat patients without response to medications regardless of advancement of clinical management, including artificial liver support devices and LT.
The relation of standards and power in management and organization research: Core notions and alternative avenues
Authors: Langer Sarah
Published: December 2022

This paper explores how management and organization research has shed light on the relation between standards and power. The narrative literature review intersects so far unconnected categorizations from standardization and power literatures to systematically map out the broad knowledge structure of the power‐related literature on standardization. As a result, the paper details six power‐related notions of standardization. Building on the review, the paper summarizes neglected issues and suggests new avenues for future research. The analysis reveals that research widely tends toward either/or conceptions in terms of the empowering or disempowering dynamics of standardization. To descend from this dichotomous perspective in future research, the paper finally recommends exploring the dialectics of standardization in more detail: first, by analyzing standards as a reflection of existing power structures and contestations; second, by investigating standards as subject to power logics and interests; and third, by scrutinizing standardization as the dynamic interplay of powerlessness and powerfulness.
Evaluation of an international health partnership to capacity build emergency, trauma and critical care nurse education and practice in Zambia: An experience from the field
Authors: Carter Chris , Notter Joy
Published: December 2022

Aim

To evaluate an international health partnership project to capacity build emergency, trauma and critical care nurse education and practice in Zambia.

Background

Zambia continues to face a significant workforce challenge and rising burden of communicable and non‐communicable diseases, compounded by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In response to these, the Zambian Ministry of Health is investing in specialised nurses. Emergency, trauma and critical care nursing education and training were seen as one of the solutions. North–south partnerships have been identified as a force for good to capacity build and develop emerging specialities.

Sources of evidence

We use an evaluative approach, which includes desk research, a rapid literature review and documentary data analysis from published papers, government reports and project documentation. Ethics committee approval was sought and gained in both Zambia and the UK.

Discussion

A critical review of the evidence identified three key themes: challenges with changing education and practice, developing Zambian faculty for sustainability and the effect of an international health partnership project on both Zambia and UK. The outcomes from this project are multifaceted; however, the main achievement has been the implementation of emergency, trauma and critical care graduate programmes by the Zambian faculty.

Conclusion

This experience from the field outlines the benefits and limitations of a north–south partnership and the importance of transparency, shared ownership and collegiate decisions. It has facilitated knowledge exchange and sharing to capacity build emergency, trauma and critical care nursing.

Implications for nursing practice

Lessons learned may be applicable to other international nursing partnerships, these include the need for deep understanding of the context and constraints. Also, the importance of focusing on developing long‐term sustainable strategies, based on research, education and practice was noted.

Implications for nursing policy

This paper outlines the importance of developing nursing education and practice to address the changing burden of disease in line with Zambian national policy, regional and international standards. Also, the value of international nursing partnerships for national and international nursing agendas was described.
The burden of non‐SARS‐CoV2 viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Barcelona (Spain): A long‐term, clinical, epidemiologic and economic study
Authors: Vila Jorgina , Lera Esther , Andrés Cristina , Piñana Maria , Rello‐Saltor Victoria , Tobeña‐Rué Marc , Balcells Joan , Benítez‐Díaz Zaira , Aller Marta Beatriz , Muñoz Rosario , Vázquez Ana , Rodrigo Carlos , Soler‐Palacín Pere , Antón Andrés
Published: December 2022

Background

Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are the leading cause of hospitalization in children. In Catalonia (Spain), information is scarce about the burden of viral LRTIs in paediatric hospitalizations. The aim of this study is to describe epidemiological, clinical, virological and economic features of paediatric hospitalizations due to viral LRTI.

Methods

From October 2012 to December 2020, children aged <16 years admitted to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Catalonia (Spain) with confirmed viral LRTI were included in the study. Virus seasonality, prevalence, age and sex distribution, clinical characteristics, hospital costs and bed occupancy rates were determined.

Results

A total of 3,325 children were included (57.17% male, 9.44% with comorbidities) accounting for 4056 hospitalizations (32.47% ≤ 12 months): 53.87% with wheezing/asthma, 37.85% with bronchiolitis and 8.28% with pneumonia. The most common virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (52.59%). Influenza A was associated with pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 7.75) and caused longer hospitalizations (7 ± 31.58 days), while RSV was associated with bronchiolitis (OR 6.62) and was the most frequent reason for admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (11.23%) and for respiratory support (78.76%). Male sex, age ≤12 months, chronic conditions and bronchiolitis significantly increased the odds of PICU admission. From October to May, viral LRTIs accounted for 12.36% of overall hospital bed days. The total hospitalization cost during the study period was €16,603,415.

Conclusions

Viral LRTIs are an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization and PICU admission in children. The clinical burden is associated with significant bed occupancy and health‐care costs, especially during seasonal periods.
CCN1 secreted by human adipose‐derived stem cells enhances wound healing and promotes angiogenesis through activating the AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Shiyi , Sun Xuer , Zhang Lixia , Chen Minliang , Fu Huijuan
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to explore the role of cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) an extracellular matrix protein in hADSC‐treated wound healing. Immunofluorescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to demonstrate the secretion of CCN1 by hADSCs, isolated from human fat tissue. We investigated the role of CCN1 in wound healing by knockdown of CCN1 expression in hADSCs using CCN1 siRNA. Conditioned medium of hADSCs or hADSCs with CCN1 knocked down (hADSC‐CMCCN1↓) was collected. After treatment with plain DMEM/F12, hADSC‐CM, hADSC‐CMCCN1↓, or recombinant human CCN1 (rhCCN1), the wound healing abilities of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assayed, and the AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), signalling pathway was detected using western blotting. Next, we created full‐thickness skin wounds on the backs of the mice and different treatments were applied to the wound surface. Wound size was measured using a digital camera on days 0–10, and evaluated. H&E and immunohistochemical staining were performed, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to evaluate blood perfusion. The wound model and wound‐healing assay showed that the hADSCs‐CM and rhCCN1 groups had enhanced wound healing compared to the hADSCs‐CMCCN1↓ group. Further, CCN1 and hADSCs‐CM promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs through the AKT signalling pathway. We concluded that CCN1 secreted by hADSCs enhances wound healing and promotes angiogenesis by activating the AKT signalling pathway. CCN1 plays a vital role in the regulation of hADSCs‐CM during wound healing.
Etude Structurale et Ultrastructurale du Rein de la Tanche, Tinca tinca L., Apres Intoxication Experimentale Par Absortion de Nitrate de Plomb
Authors: Ronckro V. , Gázquez A. , Redondo E. , Moyano M.C. , Duran E.
Published: December 2022

Structural and ultrastructural study of tench (Tinca tinca, L.) kidney after experimental intoxication with lead nitrate

A structural and ultrastructural study of tench kidney was carried out after acute intoxication with lead nitrate. 21 dosed and 8 control adult tcnchs were used.

Alterations were characterized by proliferative glomerulonephritis which was more evident the longer the experiment was prolonged. Hyaline nephrosis developed, which was located especially in the first part of the proximal convoluted tubule. This alteration reached the second part of this tubule in group IV (7 days post‐intoxication), were epithelial necrosis was developed simultaneously. The intoxication triggered a degeneration of all cellular forms in the haematopoietic tissue, mainly heterophils, macrophages and eosinophils. In group IV and group V (9 days post‐intoxication) an overall necrosis of this cellular forms was observed.
Acetate Blood Serum Levels in Cows Starved for 24 Hours and in Cows Fed Different Levels of Energy and Protein before Calving
Authors: Björkman C. , Forslund K. , Jönsson G. , Olsson T.
Published: December 2022

When 10 lactating cows were starved for 24 hours, the mean concentration of acetate in their blood serum decreased steadily to approximately 30 per cent of the normal level.

Feeding an 80 per cent excess of energy and 100 per cent excess of protein to 13 cows for the eight weeks preceding parturition did not affect their blood acetate concentrations either two weeks before or at parturition, suggesting that, in this period, the influence of parturition is more Important than the diet for the blood acetate level. Three weeks after parturition the acetate concentrations had increased irrespective of the cows’ diets before parturition.
Histopathological Observations on Regression of Skin Lymphosarcoma in Five Cows
Authors: Ishino S. , Kadota K. , Nakagawa M. , Yoshino T.
Published: December 2022

Five cases of bovine skin lymphosarcoma (BSL) were studied histopathologically on regression of the tumours. Neoplastic cells might be excluded by desquamation, with a hyperkeratotic epidermis in the upper dermis. In the lower dermis, lymph nodes and kidneys, neoplastic cells might become degenerated at the sites of small lymphoid cell infiltration and be dared away by macrophages. The regression of tumours in BSL might be concerned with immunological mechanisms.
Feed Refusal of Pigs Caused by Fusarium Mycotoxins in Argentina
Authors: Marpegan M. R. , Perfumo C.J. , Godoy H. M. , de Miguel M. Sala , Diaz E. , Risso M. A.
Published: December 2022

Studies were carried out in order to determine the cause of a feed refusal condition in pigs observed in Argentina in early 1986.

Mycological and chemical analysis of wheat grain and processed food, in which wheat was about 40%, showed a heavy growth of Fusarium graminearum in most of the samples. Deoxynivalenol (DON) levels varied from 1 to 20 ppm in wheat grain and from 1.7 to 8 ppm in formulated diets.

Two feeding trials were performed with fattening ration containing 8 ppm of DON. Feed refusal associated with reduced food intake and weight loss was observed mainly during the first 6 to 7 days. The differences in food consumption were statistically significant when compared with findings in animals on a diet free of DON.

Pathological studies of two pigs showed no gross lesions. Flydropic degeneration of hep.itocytes, degenerative changes in the renal tubular epithelium, and eosinophilic infiltrates in some lymphatic organs were the most remarkable microscopic findings. Levels of DON found in wheat and in refused commercially prepared feed correlated with feed refusal conditions previously reported in the literature and two experimental feeding trials.
Optical coherence tomography – basic optical principles
Authors: Irsch Kristina
Published: December 2022

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an optical analogue to ultrasound imaging. The much higher speed of light compared with sound allows for finer cross‐sectional views of the retina and anterior segment. Since it is extremely difficult to directly detect the shorter “echo” times it takes light to travel from different structures at axial distances within the eye, interferometry is used. Incident light is thus split into two beams, and the beam backscattered from the ocular tissue is then compared (“interfered”) with the beam that has travelled a known time from the reference mirror. Broadband (i.e., low “coherence”) light sources are used, because they produce a wider band of wavelengths, and thereby enable greater sensitivity in comparing the travel time differences of the two beams. In time‐domain OCT, the reference mirror position is altered, so that interference patterns are generated whenever the two beams have travelled almost the same amount of time. In spectral‐domain OCT, the reference mirror position is fixed and the mixed interference patterns are separated via spectral wavelength analysis. This lecture will explain underlying concepts of OCT with a discussion of cutting‐edge technological developments.
Prevalence and risk factors of corneal abnormalities in 60 years and older; Tehran geriatric eye study
Authors: Yekta Abbas Ali , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Moniri Mohamadreza , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Yekta Reihaneh , Yekta Yeganeh
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of some corneal abnormalities and determine their important risk factors of elderly population of Tehran.

Methods: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study was a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 60 years and older of the population of Tehran using stratified cluster random sampling. The participants underwent complete optometric and ophthalmic examination. Firth's logistic regression analysis was used to model the most important risk factors.

Results: Of 3781 invited individuals, 3310 participated in the study. Age and sex standardized prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of posterior embryotoxon (PE), punctate epithelial defect (PED), pigment on endothelium (POE), corneal dystrophy (CDys), corneal vascularization (CV) and corneal degeneration (CDeg) was 0.08% (0.02–0.40), 8.77% (6.64–11.51), 0.57% (0.33–0.98), 0.53% (0.33–0.82), 0.95% (0.60–1.52), and 44.87% (41.80–47.98), respectively. Overall, 49.08% of study participants had some type of corneal abnormality in at least one eye. Based on the results of model building, PED had a positive association with age (OR: 2.03 for >80 years old vs. 60–64 years. old, p: 0.001) and an inverse association with socioeconomic status (SES) (OR: 0.52 for highest vs. lowest, p: 0.004). CDeg had a positive association with age (OR: 2.79 for >80 years. old vs. 60–64 years old; p 80 years. old vs. 60–64 years. old, p: 0.028) and an inverse association with SES 20 (OR: 0.17 for high vs. lowest, p: 0.017) and female sex (OR: 0.44, p: 0.048). Among all variables, age had the highest standardized coefficient (age standardized coefficient was 0.090, 0.193, and 0.191 for PED, CV, and CDeg, respectively).

Conclusions: Overall, one in every two people aged 60 years and over has at least one corneal abnormality, especially CDeg. Age was the most important determinants in the occurrence of corneal abnormalities. Therefore, Priority should be given to old people in designing diagnostic and treatment interventions.
Surgical removal of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) accidentally injected inside crystalline lens
Authors: Parikakis Efstratios , Kontomichos Loukas , Batsos Georgios , Peponis Vasileios , Mpouratzis Nikolaos , Mpisoukis Anastasios , Karagiannis Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To present a rare case of accidental injection of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into crystalline lens in a patient with diabetic macular edema, which was surgically removed by uneventful phacoemulsification.

Methods: A 41‐year‐old male patient had been treated with multiple aflibercept intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema in his right eye, but he showed suboptimal response. So, we decided to treat this patient with intravitreal injection of Ozurdex. The implant was inadvertently injected inside the lens. Subcapsular cataract was formed during the course of 3 weeks at the precise site of the insertion and there was an increase of intraocular pressure, which was addressed with topical anti‐glaucoma medication. Despite all that, the macular edema regressed.

Results: We performed cataract surgery and simultaneous removal of the Ozurdex implant 3 months after the injection. Phacoemulsification was completed without any complications as the posterior capsule remained intact the entire surgical time and the one‐piece intraocular lens was successfully placed in the bag.

Conclusions: The injection of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into the crystalline lens is a rare complication that can be effectively managed with the surgical extraction of the implant from the lens and implantation of a one‐piece intraocular lens in the posterior chamber in the bag without any complications.
Effect of idiopathic epiretinal membrane on the macular ganglion cell complex measurement in eyes with glaucoma
Authors: Nakakura Shunsuke , Asaoka Ryo , Oogi Satomi , Aoki Ryota , Matsuya Kanae , Terao Etsuko , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and associated SUKIMA on ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurements in eyes with glaucoma.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 41 eyes of 34 patients with glaucoma with idiopathic ERM and 41 eyes of 41 patients with glaucoma without ERM as controls (matched with age, axial length, and mean visual field deviation). The thicknesses of GCC layers (retinal nerve fibre layer [RNFL], ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer [GCIPL] and GCC [RNFL + GCIPL]) were measured with swept source optical coherence tomography. We investigated the presence of SUKIMA (the gap between the ERM and retinal surface) and its effect on GCC measurements.

Results: RNFL, GCIPL, and GCC were thicker in ERM (+) eyes than in control (31.0 ± 12.3 μm vs. 22.7 ± 10.8 μm, 62.6 ± 12.2 μm vs. 53.8 ± 5.9 μm, and 91.8 ± 16.6 μm vs. 76.8 ± 13.3 μm, respectively; p < 0.01). Eyes with ERM‐associated SUKIMA (+) had thicker GCIPL and GCC compared with those with ERM but no SUKIMA (−) and controls (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: ERM‐associated SUKIMA influences GCC thickness and can result in underestimations of glaucoma severity. We should check the presence of ERM using B mode scan and also check the SKIMA sign.

References

1. Sakimoto S, Okazaki T, Usui S, et al. Cross‐sectional imaging analysis of epiretinal membrane involvement in unilateral open‐angle glaucoma severity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59, 5745–5751 (2018).

2. Murase A, Asaoka R, Inoue T, et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography parameter and visual function in eyes with epiretinal membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 62, 6 (2021). doi:10.1167/iovs.62.6.6

3. Govetto A, Lalane RA III, Sarraf D, et al. Insights Into epiretinal membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical coherence tomography staging scheme. Am J Ophthalmol 175, 99–113 (2017).

4. Fung AT, Galvin J, Tran T. Epiretinal membrane: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 49, 289–308 (2021).
Acquired night blindness due to rod dysfunction after long‐term haemodialysis
Authors: Abdi Rhizlane
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To report the clinical findings in 10 patients who developed night blindness after long‐term haemodialysis.

Methods: The medical charts of the 10 patients were examined. The fundus photographs, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomographic (SD‐OCT) images, full‐field ERGs, and blood chemistry panels were analysed.

Results: The mean age of the 10 patients (4 men) at the time of diagnosis was 70 years. The mean duration of the haemodialysis was 23 years. The visual acuity of the patients was preserved at 20/30 or better except in 1 eye. Ophthalmoscopy showed white flecks that were scattered over the midperipheral retina in all the eyes. SD‐OCT showed mild macular degeneration in 5 eyes. The scotopic ERGs elicited by dim flashes were absent, and those elicited by bright flashes had negative waveforms. The photopic ERGs were relatively well preserved. These data indicated a rod‐specific dysfunction that may account for the night blindness. The plasma concentration of vitamin A was within the normal range in 4 of the patients and slightly lower than the normal limit in 1 of the patients. Administration of vitamin A was performed for 1 patient, and the symptom of night blindness and scotopic ERGs were improved 3 months later.

Conclusions: Long‐term haemodialysis can be associated with the night blindness that may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, even though the plasma concentration of vitamin A in these patients was within the normal range.
Hysterectomy for benign indication and risk of cataract in women in South Korea
Authors: Sim Haeun , Jeong Jeonga , Kang Min Ji , Hwang Jehyung
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Results from previous studies on the relationship between female reproductive hormones, especially oestrogen, and the incidence of cataracts are limited. This study sought to evaluate the effects of hysterectomy on the risk of lens opacity in Korean women.

Methods: This retrospective cohort utilized data collected from 2007 to 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance database. A total of 255 576 postmenopausal women were included. Participants were divided into those who did and did not undergo hysterectomy. The hysterectomy group was further divided into two subgroups according to the adnexal surgery performed. Comparison of the prevalence of cataract between the control group, hysterectomy alone group, and hysterectomy with adnexal surgery group was performed.

Results: The control group included 137 999 participants who did not undergo hysterectomy. The treatment group consisted with 93 719 women who underwent hysterectomy alone or hysterectomy with adnexal surgery. The control group showed a higher incidence of cataracts than the treatment group, as analysed by the 1:1 propensity score matching method and adjusted for variables.

Conclusions: All participants in the treatment group had a lower incidence of cataract than those in the control group. These findings may help physicians identify the role of female reproductive hormones in cataract development.

References

1. Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Ederer F. Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:916–25.

2. Gavin KM, Jankowski C, Kohrt WM, Stauffer BL, Seals DR, Moreau KL. Hysterectomy is associated with large artery stiffening in oestrogen‐deficient postmenopausal women. Menopause 2012;19:1000–7.

3. Chang HJ, Han SH, Lee JR, et al. Impact of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve: serial changes of serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. Fertil Steril 2010;94:343–9.
Visual prognosis after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma and its relationship with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness
Authors: Cisneros‐Arias Pablo , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Moscarda Eva Nuñez , Orejudo Marta , Aramburu Julia , Fernandez Miguel Castillo , Suñer Marta , Rivasés Guillermo P. , Gabás Javier Mateo , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Barreda María Dolores Díaz , Borghi Luca Bueno
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To report a case of pituitary adenoma showing the prognostic correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer analysis by OCT and the final postoperative visual result.

Methods: A 55‐year‐old female patient with loss of visual acuity in the right eye. During the clinical study a pituitary adenoma was found. OCT showed greater involvement of the retinal nerve fibre layer of the right eye. It was decided to perform surgery to remove the adenoma.

Results: A greater improvement is obtained in the left eye than in the right eye after surgery. This result was expected according to the range of involvement shown in the pre‐surgical OCT.

Conclusions: OCT is a rapid, non‐invasive, quantitative and objective method for measuring this parameter, which is why this tool has been shown to be fundamental in the follow‐up of these patients and in making decisions such as the appropriate time to operate. The greater the involvement of the retinal nerve fibre layer, the worse the visual prognosis of each eye.
Longitudinal analysis of Irvine‐Gass syndrome using swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Aoun Safa Ben , Meriem Ouederni , Fehmy Nafaa , Sassi Hela , Cheour Monia
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To monitor macular edema in Irvine‐Gass (IG) syndrome using Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT) and describe different features.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study carried out at the Ophthalmology department of Habib Thameur University Hospital of Tunis between January 1st 2020 and December 30th 2021. Patients with pseudophakic macular edema were included. Patients with ocular or systemic diseases that may interfere with ocular imaging (Age‐related macular degeneration, diabetes and central venous occlusion) were excluded. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and SS OCT at first presentation (M1) and 2 months (M2) after treatment with topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), serous retinal detachment thickness (SRDT) and diameter of the largest cystic intraretinal space (DCS) were measured and compared. Paired samples T‐test and McNemar test were performed using 21.0 SPSS.

Results: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients (5 males and 9 females) were eligible for the study. The median age was 69 years ±8 years. Pseudophakic macular edema interested the right eye in 12 eyes. Qualitative analysis of SS OCT revealed serous retinal detachment in 11 eyes (73%) on M1 and 9 eyes (60%) on M2. Cystic intraretinal spaces were present in 14 eyes (100%) on M1 and 10 eyes (66%) on M2. CRT decreased significantly from 505.73 μm on M1 to 342.93 μm on M2 (p = 0.000), it affected the four macular quadrants significatively (p = 0.004). SRDT decreased from 134.80 μm on M1 to 56.33 μm on M2 (p = 0.03) and DCS from 287.93 μm on M1 to 104.93 μm on M2 (p = 0.000). Mean CCT was 205.60 μm on M1 and 210.20 μm on M2 with no significant difference (p = 0.90).

Conclusions: SS OCT provides qualitative and quantitative analysis for the monitoring of the IG syndrome. It demonstrated improvement of the retinal measurements during the first 2 months with significant regression of the CRT, the SRDT and the DCS. Therefore, the choroid seems to be spared in the regeneration process.
Association of age‐related macular degeneration on Alzheimer or Parkinson disease
Authors: Jee Donghyun
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To determine the association of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: The study population consisted of 308 340 participants aged 50 years or older from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort. After exclusion of participants with AMD during 2002, participants were detected for AMD during 2003–2005. Starting from January 1, 2006, all participants were followed up for AD and PD until December 31, 2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AD and PD risk.

Results: Compared to non‐AMD participants, AMD patients had higher risk for AD (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25–1.74) and PD (aHR 1.46, 95% CI 1.14–1.88). The risk‐increasing association of AMD with AD (aHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.39–3.66) and PD (aHR 2.02, 95% CI 1.00–4.08) were preserved among participants who were never‐smokers, did not consume alcohol, and exercised regularly. Finally, AMD was associated with higher risk of AD (aHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.46–2.65 for age < 70 years and aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26–1.86 for age ≥ 70 years) and PD (aHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29–2.80 for age < 70 years and aHR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.04 for age ≥ 70 years) according to subgroups divided by age.

Conclusions: Compared to non‐AMD participants, AMD patients had higher risk for AD and PD even among those with healthy lifestyle behaviours. Patients with AMD must be closely monitored for possible subsequent development of AD or PD.