bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Kernel-Attention Framework for Multimodal Representation Learning
Authors: James Liam , Monroe Zara , Roy Jannat
Published: November 2024

The integration of multimodal data in retrieval applications, such as text with accompanying images on platforms like Wikipedia, has emerged as a critical area of research. The challenge lies in effectively representing such multimodal data for efficient retrieval tasks. Traditional deep multimodal learning methods generally involve a two-step process: (1) independent extraction of intermediate features for each modality through separate deep models, and (2) subsequent fusion of these intermediate features into a unified representation. However, these approaches are limited by the lack of mutual awareness among the intermediate features during their extraction, which prevents full utilization of inter-modal information. In this work, we introduce a novel Adaptive Kernel-Attention Framework (AKAF) designed to address these limitations. The AKAF framework incorporates a dynamic modal-aware operation as a core building block to capture complex inter-modal dependencies during the intermediate feature learning stage. This operation is composed of a kernel network to model non-linear inter-modal relationships and an attention network to focus on salient regions within the data, optimizing the representations for binary hash code generation. By introducing mutual awareness across modalities at an early stage, our framework significantly enhances the joint representation quality. Through extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that AKAF achieves substantial improvements in retrieval performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our results underscore the potential of modal-aware learning in advancing multimodal retrieval systems.
Research on Path Planning Optimization Technology of Egg Collecting Robot Based on ROS
Authors: Chen Rui , Lin Weiguo , Gong Dongjun , Sun Yulong , Fan Xiangzhou
Published: November 2024

In order to address the challenges of high labour intensity, low efficiency and harsh working environment in Chinese duck egg collecting operations, this study proposes an optimization technique for egg-collecting robot path planning based on ROS (Robot Operating System). Firstly, the Gmapping algorithm is used to map the laboratory environment for navigation purposes, while the AMCL (Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization) method is used to obtain the pose information of the egg-collecting robot. Secondly，the sequence of egg collecting tasks is determined using the ACA （Ant Colony Algorithm） to compute the shortest path length and node order. Finally， the navigation target points for egg collecting are computed to obtain their world coordinate positions. The global path planning for egg collecting is performed using the Dijkstra algorithm, and the local path planning and obstacle avoidance for the robot is implemented using the DWA (Dynamic Window Approach) algorithm. A test platform was set up based on the actual working environment of the egg-collecting robot to conduct continuous egg collecting navigation experiments, and the final egg collecting navigation accuracy rate was 89.3%.
Assessing the Air Quality Impact of Train Operation at Tokyo Metro Shibuya Station from Portable Sensor Data
Authors: Agarwal Deepanshu , Trinh Xuan Truong , Takeuchi Wataru
Published: November 2024

Air pollution remains a critical global health concern, with 91% of the world's population exposed to air quality exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) standards and indoor pollution causing approximately 3.8 million deaths annually due to incomplete fuel combustion. Subways, as major public transportation modes in densely populated cities, can exhibit fine particulate matter (PM) levels that surpass safety limits, even in developed countries. Contributing factors include station location, ambient air quality, train frequency, ventilation efficiency, braking systems, tunnel structure, and electrical components. While elevated PM levels in underground platforms are recognized, the vertical and horizontal variations within stations are not well understood. This study examines the vertical and horizontal distribution of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ levels at Shibuya Station, a structurally complex hub in the Tokyo Subway System. Portable sensors were employed to measure PM concentrations across different platform levels—both above and underground—and at various locations along the platforms. The results indicate that above-ground platforms have significantly lower PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ levels compared to underground platforms (17.09 μg/m³ vs. 22.73 μg/m³ for PM₂.₅; 39.54 μg/m³ vs. 56.98 μg/m³ for PM₁₀). Notably, the highest pollution levels were found not at the deepest platform but at the one with the least effective ventilation. On the same platform, PM levels varied by up to 63.72% for PM₂.₅ and 120.23% for PM₁₀, with elevated concentrations near the platform extremities compared to central areas. These findings suggest that ventilation efficiency plays a more significant role than elevation in vertical PM variation, while horizontal differences are likely influenced by piston effects from moving trains. The study underscores the risk of exposure to unsafe PM₂.₅ levels in underground platforms, particularly at platform extremities, highlighting the need for improved ventilation strategies to enhance air quality in subway environments.
Multitarget Effects of Nrf2 Signalling in the Brain: Common and Specific Functions in Different Cell Types
Authors: Navarro Elisa , Esteras Noemí
Published: November 2024

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial regulator of cellular defence mechanisms essential for maintaining brain’s health. Nrf2 supports mitochondrial function and protects against oxidative damage, which is vital for meeting the brain's substantial energy and antioxidant demands. Furthermore, Nrf2 modulates glial inflammatory responses, playing a pivotal role in preventing neuroinflammation. This review explores these multifaceted functions of Nrf2 within the central nervous system, focusing on its activity across various brain cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Due to the brain's vulnerability to oxidative stress and metabolic challenges, Nrf2 is emerging as a key therapeutic target to enhance resilience against oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and demyelination, which are central to many neurodegenerative diseases.
Innovations in TB Screening and Preventive Therapy Services for PLHIV in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Catrianiningsih Dani , Sanjaya Guardian Yoki , Chan Geoff , Nababan Betty Weri Yolanda , Triasih Rina , Intani Desthi Diah , Rahayu Endang Sri
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been recommended by Indonesia’s National TB Program since 2014 but has seen limited implementation. This study describes TB screening and TPT initiation from 2019 to 2022 among eight healthcare facilities supported by the Zero TB Yogyakarta (ZTB) project. Data were obtained from the national HIV program reporting system, routinely reported by ART clinics from 2019 to 2022. We conducted a descriptive analysis, comparing the pre-intervention and intervention periods. During the intervention, there was a significant increase in PLHIV visits to healthcare facilities where TPT eligibility was assessed. At health centers, TB screening coverage for PLHIV decreased toward the end of the baseline period but recovered during the intervention. The number of PLHIV starting TPT also rose during the intervention. While the direct impact of ZTB is difficult to measure, the changes observed indicate progress in integrating TB/HIV services and enhancing TB prevention among PLHIV. Ongoing support, training, and supervision of healthcare facilities are crucial for improving TB screening and TPT provision.
Extraction, Process Optimization and Characterization of Garden Cress Seed Oil Grown in Ethiopia
Authors: Erku Eshetie Gelagay , Admassu Tessema Habtamu Admassu
Published: November 2024

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds, from the Brassicaceae family, are rich in essential fatty acids and possess medicinal properties due to their phenol and flavonoid content. Oil extraction was performed using Soxhlet extraction with hexane as the solvent, investigating the effects of heat treatment, particle size, and extraction time on oil yield. A maximum predicted oil yield of 28.65% was achieved using Design Expert software (version 12.0.0), validated with an actual yield of 28.53%. The physical properties of the oil were determined as density (700 ± 10 kg/m³), viscosity (67.65 ± 1.15 mm²/s), and refractive index (1.47). Chemical properties included a free fatty acid value of 0.64%, peroxide value of 3.59 meq/kg, iodine value of 127 g I₂/100 g, and saponification value of 183.84 mg KOH/g. GC-MS analysis revealed that the oil contains 47.81% monounsaturated, 37.88% polyunsaturated, and 14.26% saturated fatty acids.
Maize Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Improves Larval Xenobiotic Detoxification in Two Highly Polyphagous Lepidopteran Pests
Authors: Wang Peng , Zeng Qiyue , Zhao Yi , Sun Xiaomin , Han Yongqiang , Zeng Rensen , Song Yuanyuan , Chen Dongmei , Lin Yibin
Published: November 2024

Release of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) has been recognized to be an important strategy for plant adaptation to herbivore attack. However, whether these induced volatiles are beneficial to insect herbivores particularly insect larvae is largely unknown. We used two important highly polyphagous lepidopteran pests Spodoptera frugiperda and S. litura to evaluate their benefit for xenobiotic detoxification from larval exposure to HIPVs released by the host plant maize (Zea mays). Larval exposure of the invasive alien species S. frugiperda to maize HIPVs significantly enhanced their tolerance to all three well-known defensive compounds 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), chlorogenic and tannic acids in maize, and two commonly used insecticides methomyl and chlorpyrifos. The HIPVs exposure also improved larval tolerance of S. litura third instars to chlorogenic and tannic acids. Furthermore, larval exposure to either maize HIPVs or DIMBOA induced activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in the midguts and fat bodies of the two insects, while the induction was significantly higher by two components together. In addition, expression of four genes encoding uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGT33F28, UGT40L8) and P450s (CYP4d8, CYP4V2) showed similar induction pattern in S. frugiperda. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol, an important component in maize HIPVs also showed the same functions as maize HIPVs, its exposure increased larval xenobiotic tolerance and induced detoxification enzymes and genes. Our findings demonstrate that HIPVs released by the pest-infested host plants are conductive to xenobiotic tolerance of lepidopteran insect larvae. Hijacking the host plant HIPVs is an important strategy of the invasive alien polyphagous lepidopteran pest to counter-defense host plant chemical defense.
Research on Intelligent Identification Method of Pantograph Positioning and Skateboard Structural Anomalies Based on Improved YOLO v8 Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Ruihong , Xiang Baokang , Wu Long , Hu Yanli , Dou Litong , Huang Kaifeng
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The abnormal structural state of the pantograph skateboard is a significant and highly concerned issue that has a sig-nificant impact on the safety of high-speed railway operation. In order to obtain real-time information on the abnormal state of the skateboard in advance, a defect intelligent identification model suitable for the monitoring device of the pantograph skate-board was designed using computer vision based intelligent detection technology for pantograph skateboard defects, combined with improved YOLO v8 model and traditional image processing algorithms such as edge extraction. The results show that the anomaly detection algorithm for the pantograph sliding plate structure has good robustness, maintaining recognition accuracy of 90% or above in complex scenes, and the average time is 12.32ms. Railway field experiments have proven that the intelligent recognition model meets the actual detection requirements of railway sites and has strong practical application value.
Language Models for Predicting Organic Synthesis Procedures
Authors: Vaškevičius Mantas , Kapočiūtė-Dzikienė Jurgita
Published: November 2024

In optimizing organic chemical synthesis, researchers often face challenges in efficiently generating viable synthesis procedures that conserve time and resources in laboratory settings. This paper systematically analyzes multiple approaches to efficiently generate synthesis procedures for a wide variety of organic synthesis reactions, aiming to decrease time and resource consumption in laboratory work. We investigated the suitability of different sizes of BART, T5, FLAN-T5, molT5, and classic sequence-to-sequence transformer models for our text-to-text task and utilized a large dataset prepared specifically for the task. Experimental investigations demonstrated that a fine-tuned molT5-large model achieves a BLEU score of 47.75. The results demonstrate the capability of LLMs to predict chemical synthesis procedures involving 24 possible distinct actions, many of which include various parameters like solvents, reaction agents, temperature, duration, solvent ratios, and other specific parameters. Our findings show that only when the core reactants are used as input, the models learn to correctly predict what ancillary components need to be included in the resulting procedure. These results are valuable for AI researchers and chemists, suggesting that curated datasets and large language model fine-tuning techniques can be tailored for specific reaction classes and practical applications. This research contributes to the field by demonstrating how deep-learning-based methods can be customized to meet the specific requirements of chemical synthesis, leading to more intelligent and resource-efficient laboratory processes.
Challenges to Information Retrieval in the Digital Age
Authors: Ajijola Samuel
Published: November 2024

In an age of pervasive digitization, students' limited familiarity with the vast realm of information poses a significant challenge. This study investigates the hurdles faced by university students in terms of internet access and information retrieval. Objectives encompass understanding the impact of internet access challenges on academic performance, exploring factors influencing students' lack of interest in enhancing internet skills, and identifying barriers to effective internet utilization. Methodologically, a survey approach is adopted, involving 160 purposively selected students as respondents. A structured questionnaire is used for data collection, distributed through Google Forms, resulting in a comprehensive 100% response rate. The study's theoretical foundation rests on the Use and Gratification Theory and Digital Divide Theory, highlighting digital literacy's importance in education. Key findings support alternative hypotheses, revealing the influence of internet connectivity challenges on academic performance, citing factors like cost, inertia, intent, and digital literacy. In conclusion, the study underscores students' reliance on smartphones for internet access, proposing specialized instruction, self-driven skill enhancement, and collaborative efforts to enhance internet accessibility and affordability. Recommendations emphasize specialized instruction, self-driven skill improvement, and collaborative efforts to enhance affordable internet access. Ultimately, tackling these challenges empowers students to navigate the digital landscape and leverage its potential effectively.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling: Protective Effects on the Gut Barrier and Microbiome Interventions in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Meduri Gianfranco Umbertz
Published: November 2024

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway is vital for gut barrier protection, particularly in critically ill patients, where the gut can act as a "motor" for systemic inflammation. This manuscript compiles evidence that GR signaling preserves gut barrier function, alleviates inflammation, and restores interactions between the microbiome and the gut barrier. It emphasizes the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as essential mediators that synergize with GR signaling to stabilize the intestinal barrier, modulate immune responses, and reduce oxidative stress. This review explores a rationale for combining probiotics with glucocorticoid (GC) therapy as a synergistic strategy. Probiotics enhance epithelial barrier integrity, promote SCFA production, and stabilize the microbiome, amplifying the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of GR signaling. This dual approach could mitigate complications such as nosocomial infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Despite its potential, the combination of GC therapy and probiotics requires further validation through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish its efficacy. Future research should explore this integrative strategy to improve patient outcomes, including restoring gut-lung axis integrity, modulation of systemic inflammation, and support for immune homeostasis in critically ill patients.
Hospital Context Determinants of Variability in Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevalence: A Multi-Level Analysis
Authors: Malheiro Rui , Gomes André Amaral , Fernandes Carlos , Fareleira Ana , Lebre Ana , Pascoalinho Dulce , Gonçalves-Pereira João , Paiva José-Artur , Sá-Machado Rita
Published: November 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) represent a major challenge in patient safety that affect services disproportionally. This paper aimed to assess how HAI prevalence varies between hospital services, and what contextual characteristics may explain such variance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients in Portuguese hospitals, using data from the European point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAI prevalence. Study variables included patient, structural and process variables. Variables were tested in a univariate logistic regression as risk factors, with patients clustered in hospitals. Variables with a p-value ≤0.2 were tested in a multivariable model. A total 736 patients from 56 intensive care units (ICU), 3160 from 72 surgical departments and 8081 from 90 medical departments were included. HAI prevalence was 7.9%, 5.9% and 1.7%, respectively. In ICU, only the number of devices was associated with HAI prevalence. In surgical departments, age, comorbidities, being a specialized hospital and a higher ratio of infection prevention and control (IPC) personnel were associated with higher SSI. Safety climate was associated with lower SSI. In Medicine departments, age and devices were positively associated, whereas a larger ratio of IPC nurses was negatively associated. These results may help implement targeted interventions to achieve optimal results in each department.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Storm Events, Overtopping and Morphological Changes in Front of Coastal Structures
Authors: Romão Frederico , Lima Márcia , Coelho Carlos
Published: November 2024

The overtopping phenomena and consequent floods cause significant damage to coastal communities. Morphological changes in front of structures during storms can influence their functionality, affecting their stability and leading to failures, impacting the population that are depending on those coastal interventions for their protection. The effect of climate changes, such as the sea level rise and the increase of the storm’s frequency and intensity, can raise the number of overtopping events over defense structures, also increasing coastal morphological changes, challenging future managers, engineers and the scientific coastal communities. A review about morphological changes in front of coastal defense structures and in natural barriers due to overtopping was conducted. The objective of this review is to find and gather relevant information, sometimes disperse, reflecting and grouping the concepts found in the literature. Additionally, the gaps in scientific research are addressed, focusing on the topics that may be enhanced. Several keywords used in the research were presented, emphasizing the relationship between overtopping and models (physical and numerical), storms, defense structures and morphological changes. The results show that there is limited information available, mainly related to morphological changes in front of coastal defense structures during storm events, showing an opportunity to develop knowledge.
The Big Bang from the Collapse of the Densest Object in the Previous Aeon
Authors: Bao Nicholas , Bao Jian-Bin
Published: November 2024

By analyzing Gurzadyan and Penrose’s anisotropic distribution of concentric low-variance circles with the Planck Collaboration’s large-scale temperature maxima and minima in the CMB, we propose a mechanism initiating the Big Bang: the Universe emerged from the collapse of the densest object in a previous-aeon black hole. While the object collapsed into the Big Bang singularity with minimum entropy, the entropy of the host black hole kept increasing. Thus the Second Law of thermodynamics has never been violated. Where the collapse occurred, or the Center of this Universe, would be at about 0.67 times the radius of the surface of last scattering (currently ca. 30 billion light years) away from us and around Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(279°,-47°). Our results are supported by independent observations of cosmic inhomogeneities and spatial anisotropies.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV): Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Approaches and Some Molecular Aspects - an Updated Review
Authors: Mittova Valentina , Tsetskhladze Zurab R. , Motsonelidze Catherine , Palumbo Rosanna , Vicidomini Caterina , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in rural regions, like the Caucasus, where tick-borne diseases are prevalent. This review provides an up-dated overview of TBEV, encompassing its status, epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, treat-ment options, and recent insights into molecular aspects. Understanding the complexities of TBEV transmission, clinical manifestations, and advancements in diagnostic techniques is crucial for effective management and control strategies. Furthermore, exploring the molecular mecha-nisms underlying TBEV pathogenesis and host interactions can offer valuable insights for devel-oping novel therapeutics and preventive measures. This comprehensive review aims to consoli-date recent research findings and enhance our understanding of TBEV, ultimately contributing to improved public health interventions and patient outcomes.
Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies
Authors: Mallick Rahul , Basak Sanjay , Chowdhury Premanjali , Bhowmik Prasenjit , Das Ranjit K , Banerjee Antara , Paul Sujay , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K
Published: November 2024

Cytokine-mediated inflammation is becoming recognized as a vital role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of brain illnesses, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter brain function, and accelerate disease development. Despite progress in understanding these pathways, effective medicines to target brain inflammation are still limited. Traditional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs are effective in peripheral inflammatory illnesses. Still, they confront substantial hurdles when used on the central nervous system, such as the blood-brain barrier and unwanted systemic effects. The review highlighted the developing treatment techniques for modifying cytokine-driven neuroinflammation, focusing on advances that selectively target critical cytokines involved in brain pathology. Novel approaches, including cytokine-specific inhibitors, antibody-based therapeutics, gene and RNA-based interventions, and sophisticated drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, promise to lower neuroinflammation with greater specificity and safety. Furthermore, developments in biomarker discoveries and neuroimaging techniques improve our ability to monitor inflammatory responses, allowing for more accurate and personalized treatment regimens. Preclinical and clinical trial data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of these tailored techniques. However, significant challenges remain, such as improving delivery across the blood-brain barrier and reducing off-target effects. As research advances, the creation of personalized, cytokine-centered therapeutics has the potential to alter the therapy landscape for brain illnesses, giving patients hope for better results and a higher quality of life.
Behavioral Neuroendocrinology of Reproductive Death Processes in Invertebrates
Authors: Nemes Sal
Published: November 2024

In much of neurobiological research, senescence and death are regarded as negative outcomes of aging. In the lives of animals, however, death may occur in many different ways, including as a natural result of reproduction, a common mode of death in invertebrates. This review examines the intersection of the nervous system, behavior, and reproductive death in three study systems that span the diversity of neural forms and life history strategies in invertebrates. In C. elegans, hermaphrodites experience a shortened lifespan as a result of extreme physiological changes caused by mating. In octopuses, signaling from the neuroendocrine center causes females to deteriorate over the duration of egg-brooding, dying before their offspring hatch. Lastly, in bumblebees, the entire colony perishes due to behavioral changes induced by the interplay of signaling between queens and her workers. Each model offers unique insights into the neuroendocrine control of reproductive death.
Effects of Polyol Types on Underwater Curing Properties of Polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yixuan , Liu Yao , Cui Yiming , Zhao Ming , Peng Shuai , Wang Hecong , Song Zuobao , Zhang Qunchao , Shi Dean , Zhu Yuxue
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop castable polyurethane suitable for applications on wet substrates or underwater construction. Polyurethanes were synthesized using various polyols with similar hydroxyl values, including poly(tetrahydrofuran) polyol, polyester polyol, castor oil-modified polyol, soybean oil-modified polyol, and cashew nut shell oil-modified polyol. The corresponding polyurethane curing products were evaluated for their underwater curing characteristics by volume expansion rates and adhesion strength on dry and wet substrates, combined with analyses of reaction exothermic behavior, wetting properties on dry and wet substrates, interfacial tension, and microstructure characterization from the perspectives of reaction activity and water solubility. The results indicate that polyols with higher hydrophobicity and reactivity to isocyanates lead to reduced side reactions during underwater curing, making them more suitable for underwater applications. Soybean oil-based and cashew nut shell oil-based polyurethanes exhibited fast curing (gel times of 1.15 and 1.35 minutes, respectively), minimal volume change (within 2.5% after 7 days underwater), and strong wet adhesion (2.38 MPa with minimal loss and 1.95 MPa, respectively). The two polyols showed different mechanical properties, providing tailored options for specific underwater engineering applications.
Exploring the Performance of ChatGPT in an Orthopaedic Setting and Its Potential Use as an Educational Tool
Authors: Drouaud Arthur , Stocchi Carolina , Tang Justin , Gonsalves Grant , Cheung Zoe , Szatkowski Jan , Forsh David
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

We assessed ChatGPT-4 vision (GPT-4V)'s performance for image interpretation, diagnosis formulation, and patient management capabilities. We aim to shed light on its potential as an educational tool addressing real-life cases for medical students.

Methods:

Ten of the most popular orthopaedic trauma cases from OrthoBullets were selected. GPT-4V interpreted medical imaging and patient information, providing diagnoses, and guiding responses to OrthoBullets questions. Four fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons rated GPT-4V responses using a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Each of GPT-4V's answers was assessed for alignment with current medical knowledge (accuracy), rationale and whether it is logical (rationale), relevancy to the specific case (relevance), and whether surgeons would trust the answers (trustworthiness). Mean scores from surgeon ratings were calculated.

Results:

In total, 10 clinical cases, comprising 97 questions, were analyzed (10 imaging, 35 management, and 52 treatment). The surgeons assigned a mean overall rating of 3.46/5.00 to GPT-4V's imaging response (accuracy 3.28, rationale 3.68, relevance 3.75, and trustworthiness 3.15). Management questions received an overall score of 3.76 (accuracy 3.61, rationale 3.84, relevance 4.01, and trustworthiness 3.58), while treatment questions had an average overall score of 4.04 (accuracy 3.99, rationale 4.08, relevance 4.15, and trustworthiness 3.93).

Conclusion:

This is the first study evaluating GPT-4V's imaging interpretation, personalized management, and treatment approaches as a medical educational tool. Surgeon ratings indicate overall fair agreement in GPT-4V reasoning behind decision-making. GPT-4V performed less favorably in imaging interpretation compared with its management and treatment approach performance. The performance of GPT-4V falls below our fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeon's standards as a standalone tool for medical education.
Davraz Kayak Merkezi’ne Yönelik Çevrimiçi Müşteri Şikayetlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Toksöz Derya , Gündüz Hazal Ezgi
Published: November 2024

Müşteri şikâyeti, bütün işletmeler için önemli bir değerlendirme unsuru haline gelmiştir. Müşterilerin işletmeler için yaptıkları yorumlar ve değerlendirmeler diğer tüketicilerin o işletmeyi tercih etmesinde veya tercih etmemesinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Müşteri şikayetlerinin bu derece önemli olduğu günümüzde, yürütülen araştırmada Davraz Kayak Merkezi’ni ziyaret eden müşterilerin buraya ilişkin yapmış oldukları olumsuz yorumlar incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Şikayetvar.com’, ‘www.skiciyiz.biz’ ve ‘Tr.snow-forecast.com’ internet sayfalarındaki müşteri yorumları 25.03.2023-27.03.2023 tarihleri arasında derlenmiş ve toplam 52 olumsuz yorum üzerinden içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen yorumlar, kategorilere ayrılarak ve kategorilerden anlamlı üst temalara ulaşılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Davraz Kayak Merkezi’nde çalışan 4 kişi ile araştırma kapsamında görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre müşterilerin en çok şikâyet ettiği unsurun hizmet kalitesi ile ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuç kısmında hizmet kalitesi ve diğer araştırma bulgularına ilişkin öneriler sunularak araştırma sonlandırılmıştır.
Burnout Levels of Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period: A Mixed Model Research
Authors: Şenyurt Ahmet Yasin , Kocabaş Dilek
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the likelihood of burnout among healthcare workers, as well as the likelihood of burnout-related hazards. The study aims to explore burnout in healthcare professionals and the specific changes and challenges brought on by the epidemic. Participants complete the Maslach Burnout Scale Short Form and answer four open-ended questions through Google Forms. The impact of occupation on burnout is minimal, with only slight differences observed between physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers. Change in working hours is associated with higher levels of burnout compared to unchanged working hours. Participants with low and very low levels of burnout report more occupational changes, while those with high and very high burnout levels experience more psychological difficulties. High burnout levels are associated with challenges in working conditions, mask-equipment use, and psychological well-being. These findings are consistent with previous research linking increased workload, alterations in work environment, and psychological difficulties to burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, the findings align with previous studies that highlight the impact of changes in the work environment, increased workload, and psychological factors on burnout.
Early Signs of Gas Recognition Based on Machine Learning Analysis of Passive Acoustics
Authors: Maslennikova Yu. , Nagimov V. , Khakimullina L. , Koloda A.
Published: November 2024

The risk of gas release in a formation under reservoir pressure depletion conditions can lead to a productivity drop. This is particularly critical for carbonates with highly non-uniform properties. Identifying intervals with high gas-oil ratios using conventional PLT methods is challenging when initial gas saturation is low, or wellbore pressure is close to the bubble-point pressure. This paper presents an approach for early gas detection based on machine learning analysis of passive acoustic data as part of PLT data.
Advancing Aboveground Storage Tank Integrity: Exploring and Implementing Online Robotic Inspection
Authors: Krishnan B. , Ali A. , Al Harbi M. , Natarajan E.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing online robotic inspection techniques for aboveground storage tank, with a focus on enhancing inspection efficiency, reducing costs, and minimizing human exposure to hazardous environments. The outcomes of this implementation at ADNOC Distribution assets will also be discussed. The study employs an initial phase of literature review and comparative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of online robotic inspection for aboveground storage tanks and then discuss the implementation results in the final phase. The research began with a comprehensive review of existing literature on online robotic inspection techniques and their applications in industrial settings. Following the literature review, the study involved collecting data on tank types, inspection requirements, and operational constraints from relevant industry sources. Comparative analysis was then conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and safety benefits of online robotic inspection compared to traditional methods. During implementation phase at ADNOC Distribution, online robotic inspection was specifically targeted at firewater tanks due to inherent safety concerns regarding the flash point limitations of hydrocarbon service. This involved the deployment of cutting-edge robotic systems equipped with a suite of sensors and cameras, enabling remote and real-time assessment of tank conditions.

The implementation of online robotic inspection yielded compelling results, showcasing a remarkable 25% reduction in inspection costs when compared to traditional methods. Also, the inspections were completed within a few weeks compared to months taken for traditional method. Furthermore, the adoption of this approach significantly minimized the need for manpower, thereby mitigating human exposure to hazardous environments. Notably, online robotic inspection surpassed traditional techniques by achieving higher inspection coverage, underscoring its efficacy in enhancing the overall quality and comprehensiveness of tank inspection and maintenance practices. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of online robotic inspection in swiftly addressing tank inspections while upholding stringent safety standards. By concentrating on firewater tanks and harnessing the capabilities of advanced robotic technology, the inspection process was expedited without compromising safety. The observed cost reductions and decreased manpower requirements underscore the transformative potential of robotic inspection as a cornerstone technology for optimizing industrial inspection protocols and ensuring the integrity of aboveground storage tank infrastructure.
Water Injection Below Water-Oil Contact in Fractured Carbonate Reservoir. South Turgai Basin Field Case Study
Authors: Mukanov A. R.
Published: November 2024

The NWKK field was discovered in 2004 in South-Turgai Basin, Kazakhstan. Drilling campaign during an exploration and pilot operation periods showed that the field consisted of two parts – super tight western and highly fractured eastern oil pools. The main pay zone is represented by Paleozoic limestones carbonates. Both parts have been infill drilled and put under waterflooding. However, due to different rock properties secondary recover technique was designed and has been behaving differently.

Western part rock properties are poor, so the injectors have been massively stimulated, additional injection pressure facility has been applied and the issue is still not resolved. On the contrary, the east pool has been perfectly developed by waterflooding. Five injectors and twenty-two producers are not uniformly located and form irregular pattern. However, the main feature is that all injectors which are closely located to producers were completed into aquifer. That was dictated by rock properties which are characterized by high intensity of open fractures and poor matrix permeability.

The theory behind this schematic is to avoid waterbreakthrough through the high permeability flow corridors. Moreover, the idea doesn't propose horizontal displacement as the matrix permeability is too low to reach any injectivity or water advancement through the tight zone. Finally, the main goal of downdip injection is not to horizontally displace but to maintain or even boost formation pressure vertically. In other words, the aquifer is charged and stable rise of the contact happened. As the result, since the start of injection in 2014 there is no any drastic changes in watercut trend. From the beginning of the commercial production the watercut sharply increased from 0% up to 80% within one and half year and then has been slowly increasing up to 90% within 12 years without dramatic fluctuation despite the injection of water. In addition, decreasing fluid rates trend first stabilized and after flooding increased to more than 1.5 times as the reservoir pressure nearly doubled from 64 bars to 120 bars. All this led to reduction of annual oil decline rate from 30% to 5%. Thus, profound impact is observed from the water injection below the oil water contact.

That was challenging task to develop such a formation with tight matrix blocks and high angle fracture system. Fortunately, right decision on implementing waterflooding of the aquifer below the contact was made and brings great benefit from the asset in terms of boosting oil production. Nevertheless, currently, engineers consider implementing the cyclic water injection to further improve secondary oil recovery method which already proved to be efficient for highly fractured reservoirs.
Characteristic of Pulse Displacement in Cementation of Vertical Well Washout
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Huang Zhongwei , Li Shuailin , Li Gensheng
Published: November 2024

Displacement of residual fluid at the corners of washout is a problem during primary cementation. This is due to the nature of flow which will form favor flowing path in the displacement. In this paper, we propose a pulse displacement method in which injecting velocity changes with time according to specific functions. The purpose is to break the prior flowing path and increase the performance of displacement. Firstly, we investigate the difference between pulse displacement and constant velocity cementing. Then, we illustrate the influences of velocity function and washout geometry on pulse displacement performance. Results show that pulse displacement is of advantage in primary cementing of washout. Generally, pulse displacement induces strong and stable circular flow near the entrance of washout assisting sweeping displaced fluid. This circular flow becomes negligible when travels around 20 cm from the washout inlet when average velocity (vo) is 1 m/s in this paper. However, the performance is similar for both pulse displacement and constant cementing at location far from the entrance. Furtherly, the parametric analysis shows that the displacement efficiency (DE) reduces with rising of average velocity and there is optimal value of velocity frequency (f) and amplitude (a) to have the best displacing performance. Also, combination with high value of f, vo and a is benefit, but this will induce strong pressure vibration which may lead to downhole problem. Elongation of washout is of advantage for the displacement, but the enlargement of washout diameter has negative effect.
Comprehensive Usages of Multi Detector Pulsed Neutron Logging Tools to Overcome Mature Field's Challenges: Case Study from ACG Field
Authors: Ramazanov Rizvan , Han Xiaogang , Zett Adrian , Atakishiyev Fuad
Published: November 2024

Effective reservoir management of mature fields hinges on sustaining production. In most cases, the reservoir conditions differ from the initial measurement at virgin environment. The Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) field, a substantial asset located in the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, has been developed over more than two decades. With the development of the field, production of reservoir has gradually shifted from Fasila thick uniform sand bodies to Balakhany heterogenous formation. Understanding the changes in the reservoir caused by down flank water and crestal gas injection is pivotal for the success of reservoir development.

Addressing contemporary petrophysical surveillance challenges, Multi Detector Pulsed Neutron (MDPN) technology emerges as a key solution for saturation measurement through casing or surveillance in complex logging scenarios. Challenges may stem from uncertainty of formation water salinity, complex logging environments, complexity of formation lithology, etc. Historically, MDPN is mainly used to measure hydrocarbon saturations by utilizing petrophysical measurements such as formation sigma, C/O, etc. MDPN also furnishes crucial data on well integrity. For instance, open hole gravel pack, a prevalent completion in ACG to prevent the problem of sand production. An innovative pack quality surveillance has been developed, benefiting from pulsed neutron logging technology.

This paper describes the workflow developed for matured field independent of service providers and presents real-world instances of measuring hydrocarbon saturation behind casing. Challenges of using pulsed neutron logging tools in complex logging conditions, such as saturation in open hole gravel pack completion, logging through multiple tubulars, formation lithology effects are also demonstrated and discussed. While saturation garners more attention, well integrity is another main usage of pulsed neutron logging tool, which unfortunately is less explored when compared to saturation. In ACG, Pulsed neutron logging tool is also widely used for Gravel Pack Evaluation (GPE), water flow detection behind casing. Combining reservoir and well integrity surveillance is an efficient way of logging for comprehensive interpretation to address reservoir management and well health diagnostic applications. Logging program optimization can significantly reduce operation cost and maximize the value of MDPN logs. For instance, extracting the baseline saturation logs from GPE surveillance and pack information at high logging speed are also demonstrated in this paper.
Evaluation of Nondamaging Sand Control Method for Reducing Sand Production at the Caspian Depression Field
Authors: Zeinula Aizhan , Abdrazakov Dmitriy , Asanov Karim , Kruglov Ruslan , Kaziyev Danabek
Published: November 2024

This paper describes laboratory and analytical work conducted to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a new formation particle conglomeration technology. The technology is based on pumping a special fluid solution that increases the attraction of reservoir sand particles without using damaging resins, aiming to reduce sand production and enhance well productivity in the formations of the V. Moldabek section at the Kenbay field.

Laboratory studies were performed to test the compatibility and efficiency of the new sand- conglomerating fluid, as well as to assess its application risks. Experiments involved core samples with varying permeability and clay mineral content. Research methods included linear swelling measurements and filtration studies to evaluate the impact on reservoir permeability during the proposed fluid injection. Additionally, the chemical composition of the proposed solution was optimized specifically for the Caspian region to ensure maximum effectiveness.

The application of the new solution in laboratory conditions demonstrated a greater than 70% reduction in sand production and significant improvement in well productivity. Notably, the permeability reduction observed in samples with high clay mineral content was manageable with further optimization. The technology showed promising results with minimal permeability loss in most samples (less than 40%), suggesting its potential to markedly improve extraction efficiency. While some risks of formation fractures were identified, these were planned to be mitigated through controlled injection rates. The findings indicate that the proposed technology can enhance well productivity and profitability by eliminating standby periods for cleaning the wells and replacing costly workover jobs with simple, short injection treatments.
Therapeutic trajectories of families with rare diseases in Chile from the perspectives of patients, carers, and healthcare workers: a qualitative study
Authors: Cabieses Báltica , Obach Alexandra , Roberts Antonia , Repetto Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Background
Rare diseases are conditions that have a low prevalence in the population and a high disease burden and are often chronic and progressive. International evidence concerning the experience of people and families living with rare diseases is scarce, leading to late and erroneous diagnoses, as well as non-specific treatments. This study explored the therapeutic trajectories of people and families living with rare diseases within Chile's public and private healthcare systems from the perspective of patients, caregivers, and medical teams, including the initial symptoms, first consultation, testing, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
Methods
A qualitative exploratory study was conducted through multiple case studies. Sixty participants were interviewed in person and/or virtually: patients (n = 16), caregivers (n = 22), healthcare workers (n = 20), and two patient organisation leaders. The material was analysed using thematic analysis. The project was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo.
Results
After similar initial symptoms and first consultation, three main types of trajectories were identified: (i) the path taken by those who reach a diagnosis for a disease that has specific treatment available; (ii) the journey of those who reach a diagnosis for their health condition, but their disease does not have a specific treatment available; and (iii) the trajectory of those who have not reached a diagnosis and receive symptomatic treatments for symptoms.
Conclusions
The therapeutic trajectories of patients with rare symptoms are similar in terms of initial symptoms and first consultation. However, their paths diverge at the diagnostic stage, with diverse experiences related to these journeys, largely based on having a diagnosis and whether there is a specific treatment. Rare conditions in Chile requires further attention and urgent action that considers those who live with them and their families.