bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product Development of Fresh Bread Substituted with Puree Taro Beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) as an Alternative Food Source of Fiber in the Elderly
Authors: Aini Rahayu  , Fatma Tresno Ingtyas  , Esi Emilia  , Marini Damanik
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the production of white bread as a substitute for puree taro beneng as a food source of fiber in the elderly. Knowing the acceptability of panelists to plain bread with taro beneng puree substitution 25%, 50% and 75% from the aspect of color, aroma, taste and texture. Knowing the nutritional content (ash content, moisture content, carbohydrate content, fat content, protein content and fiber content). This type of research is experimental research with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 1 control and 3 treatments for formulation development from the number of substitutes for beneng taro puree (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch), namely: F1 (75% wheat flour: 25% taro puree), F2 (50% wheat flour: 50% taro puree), F3 (25% wheat flour: 75% taro puree). The acceptance test used 30 elderly panelists with a hedonic test (very like, like, somewhat like, don't like, really don't like). The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively and analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test method and the follow-up test using the Man-Whitney. The research results showed that the best white bread that was most popular with the panelists based on the acceptability test results was the F2 treatment (50% wheat flour: 50% taro puree) with average values ​​for color (3.77), aroma (3.8), taste and texture (4.23). The results of the analysis of nutrient content were 31.79% water content, 1.80% ash content, 49.1 gr carbohydrates, 8.81 gr protein, 9.08 gr fat and 4.51 gr crude fiber.
DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL ABILITY TEST INSTRUMENT BASED ON SCIENCE GENERIC SKILLS
Authors: Ambarita Arta Elsa , Dibyantini Ratu Evina , Sutiani Ani , Muchtar Zainuddin , Sinaga Marudut
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop an initial ability test instrument based on science generic skills in the form of a scholastic test and develop a final chemistry evaluation test instrument in the topic of thermochemistry as well as find out the validity of the content and construction validity of the instrument. Research and development research, with a 4D development model consisting of 4 main stages, namely: Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate, due to time constraints this research was only up to develop. The results of the content validity test by experts obtained an average percentage of material aspects, namely 87.08%, construction aspects, namely 90.41%, language aspects, 92.5% and additional rules, 96.67%, so the question instrument is suitable for use. Based on the construction validation test data, it was found that of the 20 questions on the scholastic potential test tested, there were 19 questions that were valid and considered appropriate, while 1 other item was invalid, while of the 20 questions on the chemistry test tested, there were 17 questions that were valid and considered feasible, leaving 3 questions other invalid. For further research, it is hoped that this instrument can be implemented.
VISIBLE WAVELENGTH EFFECT ON TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN GREENHOUSE EFFECT: LABORATORY DESIGN
Authors: Isnawati Isnawati , Sriyati Siti , Prima Eka Cahya , Riandi Riandi
Published: July 2024

School internships typically adhere to a standard format, employing basic tools for educational purposes. Among these, the greenhouse effect modelling laboratory, traditionally conducted under direct sunlight, faces challenges due to the variability introduced by cloud cover. This variability limits the ability to study the influence of light wavelength on the greenhouse effect, an aspect not accounted for when using sunlight alone. This research aims to explore the impact of light wavelength on temperature changes within greenhouse effect models. In our methodology, we employed an experimental setup that simulated the greenhouse effect using artificial light sources of varying wavelengths: red (641 nm), orange (592 nm), yellow (586 nm), green (536 nm), and blue (474 nm). The experiment involved monitoring the temperature increase within the model greenhouse under each light condition, thereby isolating the effect of wavelength from other environmental variables. The results revealed a direct correlation between light wavelength and the rate of temperature increase in the greenhouse model. Specifically, longer wavelengths were associated with a quicker rise in temperature, highlighting the significant role of wavelength in the greenhouse effect's efficiency. This study underscores the necessity of incorporating wavelength considerations into greenhouse effect models, particularly in educational settings. By integrating such experiments into school curricula, students can gain a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the greenhouse effect, moving beyond the limitations of traditional sunlight-based experiments.
Рассуждения по модулю I. Логика невыводимости
Authors: Зайцев Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: July 2024

Целью данной работы является обеспечение возможности формализации одного из вариантов рассуждений по модулю, в котором заключение следует из множества посылок и множества дополнительных условий (модуля), но не следует из этих множеств по отдельности. Будучи построена, такая логика, во-первых, позволит описать важные типы правдоподобных аргументативных рассуждений, во-вторых, представляет собой интересный пример немонотонной логики.
Для решения поставленной задачи предлагается на первом этапе формализовать отношение невыводимости между множеством посылок и заключением в виде системы своеобразных невыводимостей. В статье сначала семантически характеризуется такая логика. Затем строится соответствующее исчисление и доказывается его семантическая адекватность. Получившаяся система обладает рядом интересных свойств. В ней больше нет стандартных парадоксов следования, но их заменили новые парадоксы: «противоречие следует из любой выполнимой формулы», «закон не следует не из чего». Для аксиматизации потребовалось существенно модифицировать понятие подстановки формулы на место переменной так, чтобы сохранить невыводимость.
Дальнейшие перспективы работы в этом направлении связаны с построением семейства логик, в которых комплексное отношение выводимости будет включать невыводимость как свою составную часть.
Логический многоугольник для реляционных высказываний: правила построения и применения
Authors: Черкашина Оксана Викторовна
Published: July 2024

Цель настоящей работы — сформулировать правила построения и применения геометрических фигур для выявления и выражения логических отношений (контрарности, субконтрарности, контрадикторности, подчинения) между высказываниями об n-местных отношениях (n — натуральное число, n > 1; пример подобного высказывания для n = 2: «Каждый юрист знает некоторого логика»). Такие фигуры должны быть построены по аналогии с логическим квадратом, однако для высказываний с n-местным предикатом, а не одноместным, как квадрат. Правила сформулированы и фигуры построены. Эти правила и графическое представление основаны на теоретических положениях, также сформулированных в настоящей работе.
Для достижения цели были выявлены виды подлежащих рассмотрению высказываний и особенности рассматриваемых логических отношений при n > 1, в том числе взаимная выразимость этих отношений, показано, как эти особенности могут быть отраженыграфически и как графическое представление можно использовать для получения информации о логических отношениях произвольно выбранного высказывания с другими.
Предлагаемые правила направлены на выявление, а не только на выражение логических отношений. Будучи алгоритмами, эти правила более эффективны для их выявления, чем исчисление предикатов.
В работе построены соответствующие геометрические фигуры для n = 2, n = 3. Показано, что для других n они могут строиться аналогичным образом, и что логический квадрат также можно рассматривать как частный случай такой фигуры для n = 1.Построенное в настоящей работе графическое представление отношений между высказываниями, в сочетании с правилами его построения и применения, можно называть «логическим многоугольником».
Предлагаемое в работе графическое представление является первым и, на момент написания статьи, единственным успешным решением проблемы построения сходных с логическим квадратом фигур для выражения отношений между высказываниями о многоместных отношениях (для n ⩾ 3), а также проблемы единого представления таких фигур, построенных для разных n.Настоящая работа, вместе с другими статьями её автора, может быть одним из исходных пунктов в новом направлении исследования — аналога силлогистических теорий, но для высказываний об отношениях.
Альтернативы семантике Крипке для эпистемической логики
Authors: Долгоруков Виталий Владимирович
Published: July 2024

В статье обсуждаются затруднения, которые вызывает использование стандартной семантики Крипке для анализа эпистемических сценариев: присутствие в модели возможных миров, неразличимых никакой формулой; комбинаторный взрыв (экспоненциальный рост множества возможных миров при линейном усложнении сценария); гиперспецификация предлагаемой моделью первоначального эпистемического сценария. Рассматриваются альтернативные варианты построения эпистемической логики, которые стремятся преодолеть данные затруднения: семантика структур знания и синтаксическая эпистемическая логика, также предлагается подход к построению диаграмматической эпистемической логики.
WITHDRAWN: Net of subsidies as a driver to tackle the negative impact of capital income tax on economic growth: A dynamic CGE application to CEMAC countries
Authors: Tchoffo Rodrigue Nobosse , Tchio Severin Sezine , Tafakeu M. , Dounya Claude Matsop
Published: July 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Optimization Study to Maximize Biodiesel Yield Produced from Waste Vegetable Oil for a Pilot Scale Plant
Authors: Hanumanthegowda Kavitha Singonahalli , Shivanna Dinesh Mayasandra , Kumar Annadurai Arun , Hegde Akhila Subramanya
Published: July 2024

Given the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and the unpleasant release of primary and secondary pollutants, while burning these fossil fuels, it has become essential to look for alternative fuels. Hence, the paper focuses on producing fuel that is environmentally friendly as well as economically feasible. Following the transesterification reaction, the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil in the presence of sodium methoxide catalyst was optimized using Design of Experiments software. The process was performed on the lab scale and pilot plant scale in a portable skid-mounted reactor plant of capacity 25 L capable of producing 15 L/batch, and 60 L/day. The performance of product biodiesel was then assessed by blending it with commercial diesel made from petroleum and testing its ability to burn in an internal combustion engine. The study provided a good biodiesel yield of (99%), which is commercially viable.
Enhancing Biofuel Pellet Quality using Combined Torrefaction and Co-pelletization Processes of Palm Kernel Shell and Empty Fruit Bunch
Authors: Sang Chang Siaw , Samad Noor Asma Fazli Abdul , Saleh Suriyati Binti
Published: July 2024

Palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are potential biomass resources for producing solid biofuel for energy applications. However, raw EFB and PKS are not uniform in size and pose rotting behavior. Torrefaction and co-pelletization are both effective methods to improve their combustion and mechanical characteristics. This study aims to investigate the effect of torrefaction temperature and the blending ratio of PKS and EFB on the mechanical and combustion characteristics of co-pellets. Initially, PKS and EFB underwent torrefaction process for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (210°C, 240°C, and 270°C). Then, both torrefied PKS and EFB were blended at five different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) with carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder (10% by weight). The results showed that a higher torrefaction temperature resulted in an increment of the higher heating value (HHV) but weaker mechanical strength. Pellets with a blending ratio of PKS to EFB (75:25) torrefied at 240°C showed the comparatively best pellet quality in terms of HHV (17.94 MJ/kg), high compressive strength (3.5 MPa), low ash content (3.97 wt%), and the lowest density changes (0.66%), which satisfy the requirements set in standard EN ISO 17255-6 for good quality pellets, indicating that a high quality biofuel pellet can be produced using the combined approach of torrefaction and co-pelletization.
Exome Sequencing of 963 Chinese Families Identifies Novel Epilepsy Candidate Genes
Authors: Fan Shaohua , Ma Yu , Su Ke , Zhou Mingshan , Liu Yihan , Lu Guangqin , Li Chengjie , Wang Tianqi , Li Yingfeng , Zhang Qi , Guan Xia , Han Xiong , Li Wenling , Ren Rongna , Zhong Min , Ding Ding , Jiang Yong-hui , Peng Gang , Wang Yi , Wu Qihui
Published: July 2024

Epilepsy, a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is often accompanied by detrimental psychological consequences and other comorbidities. We perform exome sequencing on 963 patient-parent trios, revealing differences in genetic epidemiology between Chinese and European epilepsy cohorts. The diagnostic yield for known epilepsy genes is 40%. Pathogenic variants are most commonly identified in SCN1A, KCNQ2, and DEPDC5. Additionally, we identify 15 novel monogenic epilepsy candidates in at least two patients diagnosed with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, non-acquired focal epilepsy, or genetic generalized epilepsy, including ADCY2, BCAR3, CDC45, CHRNG, CRTC2, CSMD1, CSMD2, KDM6B, KIF1B, PLEKHM3, PPP4R1, RASGRP2, SGSM2, SYNE1, and ZFHX3. Aside from ADCY2, which is implicated in the GABAergic synapse pathway based on KEGG analysis, the remaining 14 candidates do not belong to known epilepsy pathways. Local field potential recordings in zebrafish and calcium imaging experiments validated associations for 11 candidates, excluding those unsuitable for functional analyses. Furthermore, CRTC2 overexpression leads to hippocampal neuronal hyperactivity using multi-electrode arrays and electrophysiology. We have documented the first-line medications prescribed for patients harboring variants in the novel candidate genes. This study expands our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of epilepsy and provides opportunities for early diagnosis and personalized medicine approaches.
Evaluation of Ecosystem Functions Across Three Ecosystem Types in Afromontane Forest in Kenya
Authors: Mwania Felistas Mbinya , Muriu Simon Mwangi , Gichuru Virginia Gathoni , Teucher Mike , Habel Jan Christian
Published: July 2024

Ecosystem functions play a crucial role in providing essential goods and services to humans, either directly or indirectly. However, anthropogenic activities have significantly impacted species composition, affecting key processes like predation and pollination. This study aimed to evaluate ecosystem functions across three ecosystem types in Taita-Taveta County, Coastal Kenya. The study focused on cloud forest (Chawia), exotic plantation (Fururu), and agricultural land in Taita Hills. Vegetation characterization and Proxies for ecosystem functions including pollination and predation activities were assessed. Twenty transects, each measuring 256m, were established per ecosystem type. Pollination was evaluated using daily pan traps, and arthropods were morphotyped. Predation was assessed using artificial caterpillar dummies set up for 24 hours over 15 days per ecosystem type. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, were performed to compare pollinator diversity and predation activity, across the ecosystem types. Results showed that Chawia forest had the highest pollinator abundance (7.71 ± 0.68), followed by agricultural land (7.16 ± 0.51) and Fururu forest (4.67 ± 0.76). Dipterans (n = 2,951, 77.97%), were the predominant pollinators, followed by Hymenopterans (n = 553, 14.61%) and Coleopterans (n = 281, 7.42%). Predation activity varied across ecosystems, with the highest activity in Chawia forest (3.97 ± 0.16), followed by agricultural land (3.56 ± 0.16), and Fururu forest (3.05 ± 0.12). In conclusion, the Chawia forest exhibited greater diversity and played a vital role in providing ecosystem functions. Exotic plants in the Fururu forest led to reduced ecosystem processes. Therefore, conserving natural forests by planting native flowering plants maintains forest integrity and promotes ecosystem functions.
Assessment of Short-Term Effects of Heat Waves and Warm Days on Human Health in Santiago-Chile.
Authors: González Patricia , Ortíz Valentina , Domínguez Alan , Moraga Ana María , Zaror Claudio , Rodríguez Lisdelys González
Published: July 2024

Exposure to heat waves (HW) and warm days (WD) is an emerging public health concern. This study assesses the short-term effects of HW and WD on mortality and morbidity in the most populated city of Chile (Santiago de Chile). A time series analysis was developed for three boroughs (Santiago Centro, Cerro Navia, and El Bosque) located covering the warm period during the years 2011–2016. The number, and duration of HW and WD in each borough were determined. Daily counts of death, hospital admission, daily maximum temperature, and environmental variables were analyzed. To assess the risk of death or hospitalization for different causes and age groups during HW or WD events Generalized Additive Models were used. Results show that HW events can be localized and may not affect all areas equally. Santiago Centro had the highest tendency to record HW (16 events) and WD (152 days). The significant risk of HW-related mortality events in Santiago Centro was 2.79 [95% CI: 1.07-7.27], affecting people over 24 years old. For the three communes, the attributable risk of exposure to hot events is greater than 33.8% (mortality) and 3.9% (morbidity). This is the first approximation in the most populated Chilean city to set up robust databases to support science-based policy-making aimed at reducing health risks related to extreme weather conditions.
Generic semi-automated radiofluorination strategy for single domain antibodies: [18F]FB-labelled single domain antibodies for PET imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein-α or Folate Receptor-α overexpression in cancer
Authors: Dierick Herlinde , Navarro Laurent , Ceuppens Hannelore , Ertveldt Thomas , Antunes Ana Rita Pombo , Keyaerts Marleen , Devoogdt Nick , Breckpot Karine , D’Huyvetter Matthias , Lahoutte Tony , Caveliers Vicky , Bridoux Jessica
Published: July 2024

Background
Radiofluorination of single domain antibodies (sdAbs) via N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) has shown to be a promising strategy in the development of sdAb-based PET tracers. While automation of the prosthetic group (PG) has been successfully reported, no practical method for large scale sdAb labelling has been reported. Therefore, we optimized and automated the PG production, enabling a subsequently efficient manual conjugation reaction to an anti-fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-α sdAb (4AH29) and an anti-folate receptor (FR)-α sdAb (1012). Both the alpha isoform of FAP and the FR are established tumour markers. FAP-α is known to be overexpressed mainly by cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast, ovarian, and other cancers, while its expression in normal tissues is low or undetectable. FR-α has an elevated expression in epithelial cancers, such as ovarian, brain and lung cancers. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as PET-imaging, can provide a detailed picture of the characteristics of both the tumour and its environment, which is critical for the success of cancer treatments.
Results
[18F]SFB was synthesized using a fully automated three-step, one-pot reaction. The total procedure time was 54 minutes and results in [18F]SFB with a RCP > 90% and a RCY d.c. of 44 ± 4% (n = 13). The conjugation reaction after purification produced [18F]FB-sdAbs with a RCP > 95%, an end of synthesis activity > 600 MBq and an apparent molar activity > 10 GBq/µmol. Overall RCY d.c. were 9% and 5 ± 2% (n = 3) for [18F]FB-1012 and [18F]FB-4AH29, respectively.
Conclusion
[18F]SFB synthesis was successfully automated and upscaled on a Trasis AllInOne module. The anti-hFAP-α and anti-hFR-α sdAbs were radiofluorinated, yielding similar RCYs d.c. and RCPs, showing the potential of this method as a generic radiofluorination strategy for sdAbs. The radiofluorinated sdAbs showed a favourable biodistribution pattern and are attractive for further characterization as new PET tracers for FAP-α and FR-α imaging.
Effect of dimension size and window size on word embedding in classification tasks
Authors: Držík Dávid , Kapusta Jozef
Published: July 2024

In natural language processing, there are several approaches to transform text into multi-dimensional word vectors, such as TF-IDF (term frequency - inverse document frequency), Word2Vec, GloVe (Global Vectors), which are widely used to this day. The meaning of a word in Word2Vec and GloVe models represents its context. Syntactic or semantic relationships between words are preserved, and the vector distances between individual words correspond to human perception of the relationship between words. Word2Vec and GloVe generate a vector for each word, which can be further utilized. Unlike GPT, ELMo, or BERT, we don't need a model trained on a corpus for further text processing. It's important to know how to set the size of the context window and the dimension size for Word2Vec and GloVe models, as an improper combination of these parameters can lead to low-quality word vectors. In our article, we experimented with these parameters. The results show that it's necessary to choose an appropriate window size based on the embedding method used. In terms of dimension size, according to our results, dimensions smaller than 50 are no longer suitable. On the other hand, with dimensions larger than 150, the results did not significantly improve.
Custom exome panel revealed new mutations in MAPK14 and novel mutation in RUNX2 gene in patients with PCOS
Authors: ARIKAN Yunus , ONAT Taylan
Published: July 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy and is both phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. A large number of genetic variants have been found in different genes, so far. Based on the literature, we identified 7 genes and aimed to find new causative variants in these genes. We created a targeted PCOS panel including major genes in the steroidogenezis, WNT, MAPK, and TGFβ pathways and analyzed whole-exome sequencing results. We compared the minor allele frequency (MAF) values of different variants with our results and calculated deleterious scores of newly found variants using various web-based prediction tools and ACMG pathogenicity criteria. We found a novel missense mutation (p.Thr355Ile) in the RUNX2 gene in one patient and heterozygous mutations in the MAPK14 gene (c.306_5delT and c.*8G > T) in another patient with PCOS. Five novel pathogenic moderate (PM2) intronic variants in 4 different genes in total were introduced for the first time. We also decoded 7 genes in patients with PCOS in our cohort. Two more candidate genes (MAPK14 and RUNX2) may be related to PCOS.
Global Linkages across Sectors and Frequency Bands: A band spectral panel regression approach
Authors: Lyu Jingjing , Süssmuth Bernd
Published: July 2024

We introduce the technique of band spectral panel regression to analyze global linkages across sectors and frequency bands. It relies on decomposing time series --allowably measured in mixed observation frequency-- into "deviation cycle" dynamics by frequency band. We use it to compute measures of real co-movement, trade linkage, financial market integration, and policy coordination band by band. Considering intra-industry as well as inter-industry linkage indicators, we apply it to data of contemporary China and its 20 major trading partners in the pre-trade war and pre-pandemic era. Band-specific fixed effects and band-industry-specific interaction terms are included. For labor intensive industries co-movement through intra-industry trade linkages is found to be band-specific. Moreover, our results clarify the puzzle of financial globalization implying real regionalization or contagious synchronization of cyclical dynamics. We find the latter to hold in the 4-6 years band and the former in the 6-10 years range.
JEL classification: C32, C49, E32, F40
Fiber reinforced epoxy composites for femur fractures: a mechanical investigation
Authors: Atia Eyad , Kamel Mustafa , Ali Waheed , Badran Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Femur fractures, often resulting from trauma or osteoporosis, pose significant challenges due to their effect on mobility and life quality. Metallic implants like titanium and stainless steel, despite their strength and biocompatibility, present problems related to stress shielding, altered biomechanics, and limitations in diagnostic imaging. This research suggests the use of biocompatible epoxy composites fortified with kevlar fibers (KF), carbon fibers (CF), hybrid fibers, and flax as potential replacements for metallic implants to address these issues. Our examination of the biomechanical reactions of these composites under tensile and flexural stresses revealed that kevlar fiber composites demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties with a maximum tensile strength of 283.5 MPa and flexural strengths of 53 MPa and 90.4 MPa for the first and second modes, respectively, at a 24% volume fraction. While flax fibers offer the advantage of being natural, their performance was found to be subpar. Carbon and hybrid fiber composites showed performance similar to flax but inferior to kevlar. Interestingly, the inclusion of kevlar in hybrid composites enhanced performance compared to carbon composites. All composites experienced a 50% reduction in ductility when transitioning from the first to the second flexural mode, but this was offset by a significant increase in flexural strength. These findings suggest that kevlar fiber-reinforced composites, despite addressing the problems associated with metallic implants, show promise as an alternative material for femur implants due to their superior mechanical properties. Further research is required for clinical application to optimize fiber mixtures, enhance composite structures, and assess in vivo biocompatibility.
Health impacts of takeaway management zones around schools in six different local authorities across England: a public health modelling study using PRIMEtime
Authors: Rogers Nina , Amies-Cull Ben , Adams Jean , Chang Michael , Cummins Steven , Derbyshire Daniel , Hassan Suzan , Keeble Matthew , Liu Bochu , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Savory Bea , Rahilly John , Smith Richard , Thompson Clare , White Martin , Mytton Oliver , Burgoine Thomas
Published: July 2024

Background
In England, the number of takeaway food outlets (‘takeaways’) has been increasing for over two decades. Takeaway management zones around schools are an effective way to restrict the growth of new takeaways but their impacts on population health have not been estimated.
Methods
To model the impact of takeaway management zones on health, we used estimates of change in and exposure to takeaway outlets (across home, work, and commuting buffers) based on a previous evaluation suggesting that 50% of new outlets were prevented from opening because of management zones. Based on previous cross-sectional findings, we used changes in takeaway exposure to estimate changes in BMI, from 2018 to 2040. Finally, we used PRIMEtime, a proportional multistate lifetable model, and BMI change to estimate the impact of the intervention, in a closed-cohort of adults (25–64 years), in terms of incidence of 12 non-communicable diseases, obesity prevalence, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs saved by 2040 in six selected local authorities across the rural-urban spectrum in England (Wandsworth, Manchester, Blackburn with Darwen, Sheffield, North Somerset, and Fenland).
Results
By 2031, compared to no intervention, reductions in outlet exposure ranged from 3 outlets/person in Fenland to 28 outlets/person in Manchester. This corresponded to per person reductions in BMI of 0.68 and 0.08 kg/m2, respectively. Relative to no intervention, obesity prevalence was estimated to be reduced in both sexes in all LAs, including by 2.3 percentage points (PP) (95% uncertainty interval:2.9PP, 1.7PP) to 1.5PP (95%UI:1.9PP, 1.1PP) in males living in Manchester and Wandsworth by 2040, respectively. Model estimates showed reductions in incidence of disease, including type II diabetes (eg: 964 (95%UI:1565, 870) fewer cases /100,000 population for males in Manchester)), cardiovascular diseases, asthma, certain cancers and low back pain. Savings in healthcare costs (millions(£)) ranged from £0.90 (95%UI: £1,23, £0.54) in Fenland to £5.44 (95%UI:£3.87, £7.45) in Manchester. Gains in QALYs/100,000 person were broadly similar across local authorities.
Conclusions
Takeaway management zones in England have the potential to meaningfully contribute towards reducing obesity prevalence and associated healthcare burden in the adult population, both at the local level and across the rural-urban spectrum.
rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai Proches)
Authors: Watson Conall H , Gsell Pierre-Stéphane , Hall Yper , Camacho Anton , Riveros Ximena , Enwere Godwin , Vicari Andrea , Nadlaou Séverine Danmadji , Toure Alhassane , Sani Ismaila M , Diallo Abdourahamane , Kolie Cece , Duraffour Sophie , Maomou Andre , Dore Kassie , Djidonou Honora A , Bagayoko Aminata , Damey Philos P. , Camara Mabetty , Diallo Fatoumata , Oumar Fofana Thierno , Toure Kalidou , Diaby Mohamed , Sylla Lansana , Conde Doussou , Kaba Ibrahima Lansana , Tipton Tom , Eggo Rosalind M , Marks Michael , Roberts Chrissy H , Strecker Thomas , Günther Stephan , Keita Sakoba , Edmunds John W , Carroll Miles W , Henao-Restrepo Ana Maria
Published: July 2024

Background
Zaire Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks can be controlled using rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and other public health measures. People in high-risk areas may have pre-existing antibodies from asymptomatic Ebolavirus exposure that might affect response to rVSV-ZEBOV. Therefore, we assessed the impact pre-existing immunity had on post-vaccination IgG titre, virus neutralization and reactogenicity following vaccination.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 2,115 consenting close contacts (“proches”) of EVD survivors were recruited. Proches were vaccinated with rVSV-ZEBOV and followed up for 28 days for safety and immunogenicity. Anti-GP IgG titre at baseline and day 28 was assessed by ELISA. Samples from a representative subset were evaluated using live virus neutralization.
Results
Ten percent were seropositive at baseline. At day, 28 IgG in baseline seronegative (GMT 0.106 IU/mL, 95% CI: 0.100 to 0.113) and seropositive (GMT 0.237 IU/ml, 0.210 to 0.267) participants significantly increased from baseline (both p<0.0001). There was strong correlation between antibody concentration and virus neutralization in day 28 samples (Spearman's rho 0.75). Vaccinees with baseline IgG antibodies against Zaire Ebolavirus had similar safety profiles to those without detectable antibodies (63.6% vs 66.1% adults experienced any adverse event; 49.1% vs 60.9% in children), with almost all adverse events graded as mild. No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination. No EVD survivors tested positive for Ebolavirus by RT-PCR.
Conclusions
These data add further evidence of rVSV-ZEBOV safety and immunogenicity, including in people with pre-existing antibodies from suspected natural ZEBOV infection, whichdo not blunt rVSV-ZEBOV immune response. Pre-vaccination serological screening is not required.
Identifying Hot Spots of Breast Cancer Prevalence and their Association with Industrialized Areas in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Villa-Guillen Diana Evelyn , Villa-Carrillo Jorge Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Background
Breast cancer is a significant public health concern in Sonora, Mexico, which has a history of industrial pollution. Hermosillo, the state capital, exhibits both of these characteristics. Prior studies suggest that living in areas with high levels of pollutants may contribute to a higher incidence of breast cancer, creating what is known as a "hot spot" in that specific region.
Purpose
This study aims to assess the potential association between living in an industrialized area and the presence of breast cancer hot spots in Hermosillo.
Methods
The research collected clinical data on breast cancer cases between 2013 and 2023 and pinpointed neighborhoods with a high prevalence of breast cancer using hot spot analysis (ArcGIS software version 10.8.2). The odds ratio was used to compare the likelihood of finding a breast cancer case in industrialized areas versus non-industrialized neighborhoods (R version 4.3.1).
Results
The study observed a link between industrialized areas and high breast cancer rates (unadjusted OR = 6.94, 95% CI (0.94, 50.8), p-value = 0.05)), particularly in women aged 65 + in 33 industrialized neighborhoods located at Hermosillo's northwest (OR = 2.70, 95% CI (1.27, 5.72), p-value = 0.009).
Conclusions
In this study cohort, there is a link between industrialized areas and high breast cancer rates in Hermosillo, with hot spots for women aged 65 + living in 33 neighborhoods in the city's northwest. Further extensive studies are needed to confirm these findings in other cities in Sonora, Mexico.
Patients’ Experience of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Continuous Feedback, and a Solution-Focused Approach (Using DIALOG+) in Psychosis Care in Sweden
Authors: Lundmark Marcus , Allerby Katarina , Gremyr Andreas , Andersson Ann-Christine
Published: July 2024

Background
Involving patients in their care and including them in continuous follow-up is a challenge. This challenge is often compounded by a lack of self-reported outcome measures. Incorporating such measures could aid healthcare professionals in collaboratively designing care plans and adjusting treatments as therapy progresses. Previous research highlights the positive impact of continuous feedback based on treatment outcomes and problem-solving methodology in routine psychiatric care. DIALOG + is a digitally supported conversational tool designed to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of patient-clinician meetings by incorporating continuous self-reported outcomes and a solution-focused approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the disparities in patients' experiences when using DIALOG + compared to standard treatment and to examine the implications for clinical use within a Swedish setting.
Methods
A qualitative study was designed to describe patients’ experiences using DIALOG + in psychosis outpatient care in Sweden. A convenience sample of patients who used DIALOG + three times or more was included in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten patients. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
The analysis identified two themes: 'The supportive features of DIALOG+' and 'Providing a constructive structure'. These themes consist of six sub-categories: Expanded the understanding of my health; Moving toward improvement; Provided memory support; Empowering participation; Distinguishing DIALOG + as a constructive complement, and Experiences of the digital tool.
Conclusion
The structure of DIALOG+, including continuous feedback and the solution-focused approach, seems to enhance person-centred care for patients with psychotic disorders, fostering shared decision-making and aiding memory support. It also facilitates a collaborative understanding of the patients’ health concerns and personal goals, which shows that DIALOG + could be useful as a tool to develop care plans that are more tailored to the patients’ needs. Despite some concerns about structured dialogues, DIALOG + holds promise for improving patient-clinician interactions and treatment outcomes in psychosis care in Sweden. Additional research is planned, which will include an exploration of clinicians' experiences with DIALOG + as well as observational and effectiveness studies.
Bacillus-derived cycle lipopeptides modulate microbiome structure and enzymatic activity of soil and increase productivity of Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Dilbaryan Diana S. , Poshvina Darya V. , Burlakov Eugene O. , Domanskaya Olga V. , Iashnikov Alexander A. , Palamarchuk Irina , Teslya Anastasia V.
Published: July 2024

Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) are well-known secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus bacteria. Current research into the role of lipopeptides in soil microbial ecology suggests that their importance goes beyond the suppression of phytopathogens. Aims. In our work, we studied CLPs (bacillomycins and fengycins) as modulators of agroecosystem microbiome structure (taxonomic) and its functional properties (enzymatic activity) that lead to improved soil health and consequently productivity of growing plants. Methods. In a 56-day study, we conducted microcosm and field experiments to assess the biodiversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding; and the activity of extracellular enzymes using fluorometric microplate enzyme assays with fluorogenic-labelled substrates. The obtained data were subjected to static and mathematical processing in order to predict the enzymatic activity of the soil based on metabarcoding data. Results. The metabolic activity of the soil microbial community has been found to be stimulated by the application of CLPs to soil. Microbial enzymes involved in the cycling of carbon (3 enzymes), nitrogen (2 enzymes) and phosphorus (1 enzyme) were activated in the experimental condition. Exposure to CLPs did not alter the alpha diversity of the bacteria but increased the alpha diversity of the fungi. DNA metabarcoding showed that the action of CLPs altered the relative abundance of approximately 20% of the bacterial and fungal ASVs that comprised the dominants. The effect was the same for both bacteria and fungi: the relative abundance of most of these ASVs increased. The constructed network of relationships between enzyme activity and changes in the microbial community allowed us to identify potential taxa of bacteria and fungi that determine the activity of specific enzymes. Finally, we tested the CLPs-based preparation on potato tubers and found that it improved the physiological and biochemical parameters of plants. Conclusions. Thus, the use of purified Bacillus-derived CLPs allowed better characterization of the biological effects exerted by soil bacilli on the soil microbiome. In addition, CLPs were found to be non-toxic and stimulating to soil microbiota, which may lead to the development of biopreparations to improve crop productivity.
Plasticity of blood meal origin of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia: A systematic review
Authors: Ashine Temesgen , Kochora Abena , Shibru Hailu , Bekele Alemayehu , Assefa Muluken , Gidisa Bedasa , Negash Nigatu , Weetman David , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Gadisa Endalamaw , Massebo Fekadu
Published: July 2024

Background
The efficacy of vector control tools depends on the behaviors of vector species. Many studies have sought to determine the blood meal origin of Anopheles mosquitoes in different settings of Ethiopia. This systematic review aims to generate the overall and species-specific source of blood meal of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia.
Method
A comprehensive search was conducted between March 11 and April 2, 2024, to locate studies that met predetermined selection criteria. After exhaustive screening, evaluation and critical appraisal of the selected studies, data were extracted using a pre-prepared template in Excel. Data were analyzed using STATA-14 software to produce a descriptive statistical summary of the overall and species-specific blood meal sources of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia. The study was conducted based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The protocol of this study was registered on international prospective register of systematic reviews, registration no. CRD42024515725.
Result
Of the 2,431 studies located, 27 met the inclusion criteria. In a total of 215 data points, 18,771 Anopheles mosquitoes that belonged to 23 species or species complex were tested for blood meal source. The dominant blood meal sources were bovine, 36.0% (n = 6,758) and human, 29.4% (n = 5,520). Anopheles arabiensis accounted for 67.9% (n = 12,741) followed by An. pharoensis, An. demeilloni and An. stephensi with 10.0%, 5.6% and 4.4% of the tested anophelines, respectively. Overall, there is no difference in mean proportion of An. arabiensis detected with domestic animals’ blood, 33.4% (95% CI, 32.4–34.4%), when compared with human blood, 31.8% (95% CI, 30.9–32.8%). However, higher proportion of outdoor collected An. arabiensis were found to feed on bovine, 47.9 (95% CI, 35.3, 60.6) when compared to human, 12.9 (95% CI, 0.8, 24.9, P < 0.01). The foraging ratio, which accounts for host availability, was high for bovine (FR = 0.7) when compared to human (FR = 0.2) for An. arabiensis indicating preferential feeding on bovine hosts. This host preference was supported by the host preference index (human: bovine = 0.4).
Conclusion
Bovine and human hosts were the common sources of blood meal for Anopheles mosquitoes. When considering host availability into account, An. arabiensis showed a preferential feeding on bovine/cattle. Targeting domestic animals, bovines and ovine with endectocides could supplement the current vector control interventions.
Biodetoxification of both AFB1 and ZEN by Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in gastrointestinal environment and in mice
Authors: Wu Jianwen , An Wei , Wang Zhenlong , Gao Boquan , Wang Jiaxue , Zhao Ya , Han Bing , Tao Hui , Guo Yaping , Wang Jinquan , Wang Xiumin
Published: July 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in production, posing a serious threat to the food and feed industry and resulting in a substantial economic burden. Therefore, finding a safe and efficient method for biodegradation of mycotoxins is of utmost important in addressing this issue. Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1, capable of degrading AFB1 and ZEN, was isolated and cultured in our laboratory in vitro. In this study, we conducted detoxification tests on AFB1 and ZEN using B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in gastrointestinal environment and in mice, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 can effectively degrade both mycotoxins present in feed within gastrointestinal environment. Following degradation by B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1, the toxicity of the AFB1 and ZEN product decreased compared to their original levels. Furthermore, B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 exhibited excellent detoxification effects on AFB1 and ZEN when tested in mice. These results indicate that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 possesses the ability to degrade both AFB1 and ZEN, making it suitable for application in the food and feed industry as a means to reduce economic losses caused by mycotoxins.
Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of Tuberculosis (TB)patients in accessing care at (public-private mix) PPM clinics in Myanmar (2022)
Authors: Khaing Myat Noe Thiri , U Nandi , Maw Lu , Arkar Htet , Naing Saw , Thet May Me
Published: July 2024

Background
The financial burden of tuberculosis (TB) can hinder patients and their families, creating obstacles throughout the care cascade, despite TB prevention and control being provided free of charge. The study focused on quantifying the financial burden faced by TB patients seeking care in Myanmar's private health sector.
Methods
This cross-sectional telephone survey included 695 adults seeking TB treatment from various private providers in four states and regions with high TB burden in Myanmar. Telephone interviews were conducted in May and June 2022. Both direct and indirect costs incurred from the patient and their household perspective were valued in 2022 and estimated throughout pre- and post-TB diagnosis episodes. The TB-affected households were defined as experiencing catastrophic health expenditure if their expenditure due to TB exceeded 40% of their capacity to pay, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.
Results
The findings showed patients made a median of 7.9 clinic visits throughout their treatment, with the median total cost for the entire TB treatment being $53.4, including direct medical and testing costs ($11.8) and direct non-medical patient expenditure ($11.6). Pre-treatment costs were higher compared to post-treatment costs. During the intensive phase, TB care cost was nearly free, but during the continuation phase, it was a median of $2.6.
About 16.1% of patients experienced catastrophic health expenditure due to TB treatment, with expenses exceeding 40% of their capacity to pay. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with a history of hospitalization (AOR,11.46; P<0.01), seeking care from regions other than Yangon (AOR, 2.8; P<0.01), and using coping strategies (AOR, 10.35; P<0.01), were more likely to face catastrophic financial burdens. Higher monthly household income (over 300,000 MMKs or 162 USD) was associated with a decreased risk of incurring catastrophic health expenditure (AOR, 0.29; P<0.01).
Conclusions
Persons with TB in Myanmar faced risk of catastrophic costs, even when treated in the private sector with free diagnostic charges and anti-TB medicine. The study highlighted the need for additional strategies or policies to make TB care affordable and mitigate the financial burden of TB-affected households.
Coinfection of horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) with Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) and Anaplasma marginale Theiler (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Uruguay
Authors: Morales Diuliani Fonseca , Parodi Pablo , Reis Luana Ferreira Viana dos , Nascimento Mariana Cavalcanti , Rodrigues Gratchela Dutra , Nunes Leandro Silva , Menchaca Alejo , Riet‐Correa Franklin , Krolow Tiago Kütter , Lucas Martín , Saravia Anderson , Domingues William Borges , Campos Vinicius Farias , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira
Published: July 2024

Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are primarily transmitted by the biological vector Rhipicephalus microplus (tick). However, Anaplasma marginale may also be mechanically transmitted through the bites of haematophagous flies such as tabanids. While biological transmission by ticks is the predominant route for Babesia species, some reports suggest that mechanical transmission via fomites contaminated with merozoites may occur, implicating mechanical vectors such as tabanids in disease spread. This study investigated the presence of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in tabanids from three localities in Uruguay previously evaluated for the presence of A. marginale. PCR amplification targeting the Rap-1a and gp45 genes, which are specific to the merozoite stage and capable of mechanical transmission, followed by Sanger sequencing was performed. The findings revealed that 4.21% of the tabanids were infected with B. bigemina, with the highest prevalence in Tacuarembó (28.57%), followed by Paysandú (3.22%) and Colonia (1.75%). Dasybasis missionumfrom Tacuarembó, Poeciloderas lindnerifrom Paysandú, and Tabanus sp. from Colonia were found to be infected. Additionally, a coinfection rate of 2% with A. marginale was observed.