bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biophysical Impact of Multiple Surface Forcings on Land Surface Temperature Over Eastern China
Authors: Li Yitao , Li Zhao‐Liang , Wu Hua , Liu Xiangyang , Si Menglin , Li Jing , Shen Pengke
Published: October 2023

Over the past decades, human activities have directly or indirectly driven the land surface changes in eastern China. These anthropogenic forcings could trigger biochemical feedback and alter the surface biophysical properties, thus affecting local temperature. However, the latter is recognized as the “noise” and ignored when assessing historical or future climate. Here, we adopt the “observation minus reanalysis” (OMR) method to isolate the biophysical temperature footprint of multiple surface changes in eastern China over 2001–2018, using remote sensing land surface temperature and reanalysis skin temperature. A spatial regression model was used to separate the contributions from different processes. We find the biophysical feedbacks of surface changes have an annual cooling effect of −0.072 K/decade in eastern China, and the contributions from urban expansion, agricultural development, and natural vegetation greening are 0.042, −0.042, and −0.072 K/decade, correspondingly. The Northeast Plain shows agricultural activities induced cooling of −0.040 K/decade; the Loess Plateau shows natural vegetation recovery dominated cooling of −0.145 K/decade; the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain demonstrates a predominant urbanization warming effect of 0.124 K/decade; the Middle‐lower Yangtze shows natural vegetation greening related cooling of −0.106 K/decade. Both the intensity of the land surface changes and the temperature sensitivities drive the large spatial variability of the temperature effect. Overall, the temperature effects of surface changes are spatially heterogeneous and show considerable magnitudes. We emphasize that vegetation changes in eastern China show a strong surface cooling effect, and may contribute to the regional climate mitigation in the context of global warming.
Global database of cement production assets and upstream suppliers
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliya , Tang Kevin , McCarten Matthew , Reece Steven , Kampmann David , Hickey Conor , Bayaraa Maral , Foster Peter , Layman Courtney , Rossi Cristian , Scott Kimberly , Yoken Dave , Christiaen Christophe , Caldecott Ben
Published: October 2023

Cement producers and their investors are navigating evolving risks and opportunities as the sector’s climate and sustainability implications become more prominent. While many companies now disclose greenhouse gas emissions, the majority from carbon-intensive industries appear to delegate emissions to less efficient suppliers. Recognizing this, we underscore the necessity for a globally consolidated asset-level dataset, which acknowledges production inputs provenance. Our approach not only consolidates data from established sources like development banks and governments but innovatively integrates the age of plants and the sourcing patterns of raw materials as two foundational variables of the asset-level data. These variables are instrumental in modeling cement production utilization rates, which in turn, critically influence a company’s greenhouse emissions. Our method successfully combines geospatial computer vision and Large Language Modelling techniques to ensure a comprehensive and holistic understanding of global cement production dynamics.
A novel sorting signal for RNA packaging into small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Oka Yuma , Tanaka Kosei , Kawasaki Yuki
Published: October 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in the transport of functional RNAs to target recipient cells in numerous physiological processes. The RNA profiles present in EVs differed significantly from those in the originating cells, suggesting selective and active loading of specific RNAs into EVs. Small EVs (sEVs) obtained by stepwise ultracentrifugation have been reported to contain non-sEV components. Analysis of sEVs separated from non-sEVs components revealed that microRNAs may not be released by sEVs. This has raised interest in other RNA types, such as mRNA, which may be functional molecules released by sEVs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying selective loading of mRNA into sEVs remain unclear. Here, we show that the part of 3′ untranslated region (UTR) sequence of RAB13 selectively enriches RNA in sEVs and serves as an RNA signal for loading into sEVs. Our results demonstrate that RAB13 is the most enriched RNA in sEVs, and this enrichment is primarily driven by its 3′UTR sequence. These findings highlight the potential of the RAB13 3′UTR sequence as an RNA signal that enables the loading of target RNA into sEVs. This technology has the potential to improve EV-based drug delivery and other applications.
A multimodal deep learning model for predicting severe hemorrhage in placenta previa
Authors: Akazawa Munetoshi , Hashimoto Kazunori
Published: October 2023

Placenta previa causes life-threatening bleeding and accurate prediction of severe hemorrhage leads to risk stratification and optimum allocation of interventions. We aimed to use a multimodal deep learning model to predict severe hemorrhage. Using MRI T2-weighted image of the placenta and tabular data consisting of patient demographics and preoperative blood examination data, a multimodal deep learning model was constructed to predict cases of intraoperative blood loss > 2000 ml. We evaluated the prediction performance of the model by comparing it with that of two machine learning methods using only tabular data and MRI images, as well as with that of two human expert obstetricians. Among the enrolled 48 patients, 26 (54.2%) lost > 2000 ml of blood and 22 (45.8%) lost < 2000 ml of blood. Multimodal deep learning model showed the best accuracy of 0.68 and AUC of 0.74, whereas the machine learning model using tabular data and MRI images had a class accuracy of 0.61 and 0.53, respectively. The human experts had median accuracies of 0.61. Multimodal deep learning models could integrate the two types of information and predict severe hemorrhage cases. The model might assist human expert in the prediction of intraoperative hemorrhage in the case of placenta previa.
Parallel signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human Y-chromosome phylogeography support the Two Layer model of East Asian population history
Authors: Silcocks Matthew , Dunstan Sarah J.
Published: October 2023

The Two Layer hypothesis is fast becoming the favoured narrative describing East Asian population history. Under this model, hunter-gatherer groups who initially peopled East Asia via a route south of the Himalayas were assimilated by agriculturalist migrants who arrived via a northern route across Eurasia. A lack of ancient samples from tropical East Asia limits the resolution of this model. We consider insight afforded by patterns of variation within the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by analysing its phylogeographic signatures jointly with the human Y-chromosome. We demonstrate the Y-chromosome lineages enriched in the traditionally hunter-gatherer groups associated with East Asia’s first layer of peopling to display deep roots, low long-term effective population size, and diversity patterns consistent with a southern entry route. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily ancient Mtb lineage 1. The remaining East Asian Y-chromosome lineage is almost entirely absent from traditionally hunter-gatherer groups and displays spatial and temporal characteristics which are incompatible with a southern entry route, and which link it to the development of agriculture in modern-day China. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily modern Mtb lineage 2. This model paves the way for novel host-pathogen coevolutionary research hypotheses in East Asia.
Larmor precession in strongly correlated itinerant electron systems
Authors: van Loon Erik G. C. P. , Strand Hugo U. R.
Published: October 2023

Many-electron systems undergo a collective Larmor precession in the presence of a magnetic field. In a paramagnetic metal, the resulting spin wave provides insight into the correlation effects generated by the electron-electron interaction. Here, we use dynamical mean-field theory to investigate the collective Larmor precession in the strongly correlated regime, where dynamical correlation effects such as quasiparticle lifetimes and non-quasiparticle states are essential. We study the spin excitation spectrum, which includes a dispersive Larmor mode as well as electron-hole excitations that lead to Stoner damping. We also extract the momentum-resolved damping of slow spin waves. The accurate theoretical description of these phenomena relies on the Ward identity, which guarantees a precise cancellation of self-energy and vertex corrections at long wavelengths. Our findings pave the way towards a better understanding of spin wave damping in correlated materials.
The climate benefit of seagrass blue carbon is reduced by methane fluxes and enhanced by nitrous oxide fluxes
Authors: Eyre Bradley D. , Camillini Nicola , Glud Ronnie N. , Rosentreter Judith A.
Published: October 2023

Blue carbon is carbon stored long-term in vegetated coastal ecosystems, which constitutes an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, because methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have higher global warming potentials (GWP) than CO2, their production and release during organic matter diagenesis can affect the climate benefit of blue carbon. Here, we present a meta-analysis synthesizing seagrass CH4 and N2O fluxes and long-term organic carbon burial rates, and use these data to estimate the reduced climate benefit (offsets) of seagrass blue carbon using three upscaling approaches. Mean offsets for individual seagrass species (34.7% GWP20;1.0% GWP100) and globally (33.4% GWP20;7.0% GWP100) were similar, but GWP20 offsets were higher, and GWP100 offsets were lower than globally, for the Australian region (41.3% GWP20;1.1% GWP100). This study highlights the importance of using long-term organic carbon burial rates and accounting for both CH4 and N2O fluxes in future seagrass blue carbon assessments.
Challenges Facing SMEs: Political Ideology, Values Prioritisation and the Governance Trap
Authors: Stevenson Ann
Published: October 2023

The rate of progress towards meeting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the target date of 2030 has slowed substantially, affected especially by the COVID-19 pandemic. Investment in SDGs is underfunded, while the contributions of both the public and private sectors are still overwhelmingly directed towards the linear economy. Developed economies and stable polities score well overall relative to challenged economies and unstable regions, exacerbated by chronic underinvestment in low- and middle-income countries. Although originating from different starting principles, the concepts of sustainable development and of the circular economy have many features in common, such that the latter has direct relevance to a number of SDGs. However, the circular economy as currently defined and applied is a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the SDGs, requiring supporting systems to action and optimise the social and environmental agendas. The challenge is to embed all three sustainability pillars into a formal, consistently applied operational circular economy framework. There are encouraging signs of convergence, though a robust theoretical assimilation and underpinning of the two concepts has yet to be attempted. The extent of integration will determine how and with what speed the circular economy will be systematically applied to achieving the SDGs.
Circularity and Sustainable Cities
Authors: Vangsbo Peter
Published: October 2023

Cities across the world are paying attention to the circular economy agenda, as it is increasingly acknowledged that cities are the key drivers of sustainable consumption and are key in realising a green transition. Cities across the globe echo the following sentiments: it is time to accelerate; reduce; reuse; recycle; rethink. Cities are ready to replace current practices by adopting a circular, restorative approach where nothing is considered waste. For cities, the circular economy is a way to improve the quality of life of citizens by creating jobs and spurring innovation while reducing resource needs. A circular economy makes business sense by using new and emerging technology to create opportunities for innovation and the development of new products and production techniques. This chapter examines how the entire supply chain, guided by municipalities, can work to drive a circular economy transition. Areas of action and different approaches are tested by which municipalities can address and adopt a circular economy mindset. Examples of specific circular economy experiences are showcased, with initiatives at district and area levels as exemplars to demonstrate how cities across the global can engage in concrete circular economy best praxis.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Protein Sensing
Authors: Bharatiya Debasrita , Parhi Biswajit , Swain Susobhan , Swain Sarat K.
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, a detailed study is carried out on the development of different graphene (G)-based nanocomposites, and their elaborate protein sensing applications using various platforms are discussed. G-based nanocomposites are smart and contain multipurpose components that are mechanically tailored with high conductivity; they have a hierarchical structure and morphology-based electrically, biologically, and catalytically rich and functionalized parameters, making them very useful materials for current needs. It seems the requirement for G-based nanocomposites is increasing day by day and this trend will hold for a few more decades. The use of these nanocomposites has invaded into a broad range of domains, such as storage materials, electronics, optical devices, sensors and biosensors, antimicrobials, cancer treatment, drug delivery and cell imaging. The measurement of different properties at the nanoscale level has been achieved by several techniques such as XRD, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, SEM, TEM, EIS, and fluorescence methods. These G-based nanocomposites are generally derived by the combination of organic polymers, naturally available polymers, metal oxides, inorganic salts, etc. This chapter summarizes the types of G-based nanocomposites that are used in the preparation of graphene-derived composites at the nanoscale level, their chemistry, and their advantages for protein-sensing purposes.
Graphene-based Nanocomposite Sensors for Infectious Disease
Authors: Yasri Sora , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: October 2023

Single sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb-shaped lattice nanostructure form a carbon allotrope known as graphene. There are a number of double bonds found in the graphitic carbon allotrope. Graphene is a substance that can be used to great effect in practically every aspect of human life at a very low cost. Researchers find the study of graphene a very fascinating research topic because of its excellent functionality. Graphene nanocomposites are used in a variety of areas, including super capacitors, sensor systems, solar cells, studies on corrosion prevention, and medical applications. The application of graphene in biomedicine could significantly help to increase the diagnostic sensitivity and selectivity characteristics of testing methods, particularly in clinical laboratory detection. Biosensors made of graphene are currently obtainable. The authors of this brief chapter provide an overview of graphene-based nanocomposite sensors for infectious disease. Numerous recent studies in the area of clinical medicine support the viability of adopting graphene-based nanocomposites for the detection of medical disorders. This chapter provides a concise summary and discussion of the specific uses of graphene-based nanocomposites in the detection of many infectious diseases, including those caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.
Atomic fragment approximation from a tensor network
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Zhu Xi
Published: October 2023

We propose atomic-fragment approximation (AFA), which uses the tensor network (TN) as a platform to estimate the molecular properties through “adding up” fragment properties.
Evaluation and comparison of UV/H2O2 and adsorption on active carbon as a tertiary wastewater treatment for pharmaceutical removal within a small WWTP: a pilot study
Authors: Knytl Vladislav , Mašín Pavel , Vlčková Věra , Semerád Jaroslav , Michalíková Klára , Najmanová Petra , Cajthaml Tomáš
Published: October 2023

Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are ubiquitous in the environment and represent typical anthropogenic micropollutants.
Harnessing single-atom catalysts for CO2electroreduction: a review of recent advances
Authors: Chen Chang , Li Jiazhan , Tan Xin , Zhang Yu , Li Yifan , He Chang , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Chao , Chen Chen
Published: October 2023

We use an alchemical furnace as the main concept, with three pillars representing the general synthesis strategies for SACs. The four “elixirs” within the furnace chamber represent the diverse regulation strategies for SACs in CO2RR applications.
A high performance AIE-active sonosensitizer for efficient sonodynamic tumor therapy
Authors: Zhao Wei , Fu Chao , Gao Hanyi , Zhou Yizhao , Yan Caihong , Yin Yuli , Hu Rong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2023

An organic sonosensitizer bearing a low-energy gap and aggregation-induced emission features was constructed for efficient tumor therapy based on ultrasound irradiation triggered-ROS generation.
Highly sensitive solid-state nanopore aptasensor based on target-induced strand displacement for okadaic acid detection from shellfish samples
Authors: Elaguech Mohamed Amin , Yin Yajie , Wang Yunjiao , Shao Bing , Tlili Chaker , Wang Deqiang
Published: October 2023

Okadaic acid (OA) is a marine toxin that is frequently found in a wide variety of shellfish and can cause major health complications.
A review on the measurement of the bending rigidity of lipid membranes
Authors: Karal Mohammad Abu Sayem , Billah Md. Masum , Ahmed Marzuk , Ahamed Md. Kabir
Published: October 2023

This review outlines the techniques used to assess the membrane bending rigidity and presents the findings obtained by manipulating membrane constituents and experimental conditions. This could have implications for biomedical research applications.
Machine learning-driven prediction of band-alignment types in 2D hybrid perovskites
Authors: Mahal Eti , Roy Diptendu , Manna Surya Sekhar , Pathak Biswarup
Published: October 2023

Using molecular and elemental features a machine learning model has been proposed to classify 2D perovskites based on their intramolecular band alignment types (Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb) which directs their applicability on specific devices.
In-plane gradient design of flow fields enables enhanced convections for redox flow batteries
Authors: Pan Lyuming , Xie Jianyu , Guo Jincong , Wei Dongbo , Qi Honghao , Rao Haoyao , Leung Puiki , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou , Wei Lei
Published: October 2023

This work proposes an in-plane gradient flow field design which enhances the under-rib convections for redox flow batteries. Furthermore, generalized structured approaches have been proffered for future scientific research.
Optimal congestion management in network routers subject to constraints, disturbances, and noise using the model predictive control approach
Authors: Nasiri Bijan , Bayat Farhad , Mohammadkhani MohammadAli , Bartoszewicz Andrzej
Published: October 2023

A predictive queue management method is proposed for constrained congestion control in internet routers in the face of communication delays. The proposed method uses the queue and router models, input traffic rate, and queue length to precisely characterise the entire process. The model that has been built is then used to construct an optimal constrained active queue management (CAQM) strategy using the model predictive control method. Important factors, such as link capacity, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sessions, round‐trip time, and a few others, have been selected and used to linearise the interconnection of TCP. Then, an efficient MPC‐based structure to manage the CAQM in the face of unknown disturbances is designed. Simulations are used to validate the proposed method's effectiveness and robustness.
Factors and features of creating an effective management system in dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Konkina Vera , Martynushkin Alexey
Published: October 2023

The dairy cattle industry is the most important sector of the economy involved in ensuring the country's food security in a tense geopolitical situation. Modern business conditions in agriculture in general and dairy farming are associated with a high level of uncertainty, so agricultural economic entities require effective management tools. The article presents an algorithm for creating a control system at modern enterprises in the dairy cattle breeding industry. The information base for a comprehensive assessment included the data of Rosstat and the accounting financial statements of agricultural producers. An effective management system should include the already existing positive experience of management in agriculture and modern management tools. The current cost management system should ensure the implementation of basic functions - accounting, analysis, control. To do this, the article identifies factors having a direct impact on the management system. According to the authors, these are the organizational and legal forms of an economic entity, the specialization of an economic entity (type of products produced, its nomenclature and assortment), the scale of the activity of an economic entity (production volumes as a whole for the enterprise and in the context of the product range), types of market where the agricultural enterprise carries out supply and marketing activities, the selected technology for agricultural production, internal and external information flows, the resource potential of an economic entity. By influencing these factors, it is possible to ensure the generation of value in the economic activities of agricultural producers. The conclusions made in the article can be used to develop and justify management systems at agricultural enterprises of the Russian Federation.
The development of tea tourism in Sochi on the experience of the Chinese tea plantations
Authors: Zhang Yuyewan
Published: October 2023

According to the characteristics of the economic development of tea garden tourism, this article analyzes the problems of economic development of tourism on tea plantations in Sochi on the experience of Chinese tea plantations, and put forward several measures, according to the analysis of market demand, resource use problems, product development problems for promoting tourism on tea plantations in Sochi and trade cooperation. The RMP statistical analysis model is applicated in this article: resource, market, product, which was put forward by the Chinese scientist Wu Bihu.
Phenotyping of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) breeding lines in terms of productivity in the Omsk oblast
Authors: Marakaeva Tatiana , Zaitsev Sergey , Leovkina Albina , Bashinskaya Oksana , Babushkin Denis
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of studying the main elements of seed productivity in 15 breeding lines of F6-7 generations of lentils obtained from interspecific crossings of varieties Aida (Russia), Vekhovskaya (Russia), Vostochnaya (Russia) and Shyraily (Kazakhstan). The purpose of the study is to research the phenotypic variability of lentil breeding lines according to the elements of the crop structure and select valuable genotypes as sources of productivity to create varieties adapted to the conditions of the region. Phenotyping of the breeding material was carried out in the field and laboratory conditions in 2020-2022 at the training and experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. During the study period, very dry climatic conditions developed in 2020 (HTC = 0.62) and 2021 (HTC = 0.68), slightly dry - in 2022 (hydrothermal coefficient = 1.02). The ecological plasticity of the breeding lines was assessed by the value of the intensity and stability indicators of the stability index.The ecological plasticity of the breeding lines was assessed by the value of the intensity and stability indicators of the stability index. As a result, it was found that 11 genotypes belong to the group of varieties of intensive type, 4 - semi-intensive. Of the 15 lines, only 11 show stable seed productivity in all weather conditions, and 4 are characterized as unstable. Based on the research, valuable genotypes were selected that will be used as sources of seed productivity in further breeding and the creation of new adapted, high-yielding varieties of lentils in the region.
Influence of seeding rates on productive qualities of winter triticale in the foothill zone conditions
Authors: Basieva Madina
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of seeding rates on the productivity of winter triticale. Depending on the variety and seeding rate, field germination ranged from 63.4 to 75.7%. Higher field germination is characterised by the winter triticale variety Zimogor from 69.4 to 75.7%. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spike and the weight of the grain depended on the seeding rate. Increase in seeding rate led to a reliable increase in productivity of all three varieties of winter triticale. The highest yield was obtained at a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha of germinated seeds, and the lowest - at a seeding rate of 3 million pieces/ha. Consequently, according to the results of our research, we can conclude that the difference in yield between the variants of the experiment was determined by the ear fineness and weight of grain in it (to a less extent), and mainly determined by the number of plants preserved at the time of harvesting. The highest productivity was characterised by the Zimogor variety with a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha. On average, its biological yield was 7.60 tonnes/ha. The yield of the Kapriz and Valentin 90 varieties was significantly lower by 1.46 t/ha and 0.70 t/ha, respectively.
The use of green constructions as a means of reducing the noise pollution
Authors: Lisienkova Liubov , Rekus Irina , Nosova Lyudmila , Puzach Sergey
Published: October 2023

The main problems of a modern world are increased energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, urban runoff, and the urban heat island effect.They caused by buildings. Another urgent issue – noise pollution. These problems negatively affects human physical and psychological health. The soliton of the problems is a green construction. The article provide the analysis of the modern green wall technologies, a detailed look at the different vertical greening systems, their benefits and disadvantages, and how each of these systems reduce noise. The result revealed that there is no universal gardening system, it should be selected individually. In terms of noise reduction, hydroponic systems with green wall panels are the most noise-reducing systems. We evaluate the indicators of the effectiveness of green wall systems and select the rational solutions for integrated greening systems of buildings, compare existing technological solutions with innovative solution, patented by the authors. The result is presented by the development of technology with modular green systems, which will expand the practice of technological design, experimental construction and renovation of buildings, to improve the quality of the urban environment through rational construction and technological solutions and appropriate work methods.
Methodology for assessing the territory development in the context of sustainability
Authors: Medvedeva Lyudmila , Averina Anastasia
Published: October 2023

Contemporary conditions of socio-economic uncertainty hinder the progressive sustainable development of territories, that requires the improvement of methodological tools for mitigating external factors and continuing the implementation of sustainable development concepts in rural areas. Despite the complexity of the development of socio-economic processes, rural areas are a guarantor of the country's food security. Rural areas are ready to actively implement sustainable development programs by integrating efforts together with state support, therefore they are the object of this study. The article examines in detail the role and place of rural areas in achieving sustainable development outcomes, summarizes the conditions that have a negative impact on socio-economic transformations at the territorial level. Additionally, the ways to improve methodological tools are suggested which allow assessing the territory development, and based on the findings, adjust the program of territory functioning in the context of sustainability. It is known that by implementing and achieving the objectives of sustainable development, the territory can reach a new level of socio-economic transformation and meet the goals in terms of economic stability, high life quality of the population, environmental and social stability. The following methodological techniques are applied in the study: various methods of information analysis (horizontal and vertical analysis), visual presentation of the material, economic and mathematical modeling, forecasting tools.
Indicator plants of anthropogenic disturbances: Scientific approach, educational technologies
Authors: Safonov Andrei
Published: October 2023

The technology of using the indicative properties of plants both for obtaining scientific results and teaching this technique to students and young scientists is proposed for implementation. Aspects of research organization and didactic work in the implementation of the environmental monitoring program of Donbass are highlighted. Over the period of research (1996-2023), high levels of pollution and anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems in the industrial areas of Eastern Europe have been established. The data are based both on experiments in open landscapes and laboratory conditions, special procedures for statistical processing and interpretation of the results. These localities of intensive economic use are the places of great scientific and applied interest to ecologists and educators in this area. Indicator plants are visual objects in the knowledge of the fundamental nature and practical use for information about the quality of the environment. In scientific and educational activities the following are important: organization of a laboratory, availability of equipment, functioning of a museum, a card-index, a herbarium fund, the possibility of introducing case studies technology, the theory of solving inventive tasks, conducting interactive lectures, seminars, demonstration experiments and special modern technologies for training environmental specialists – modeling and land-use forecasting and urbanized environment. Methods of implementation of scientific and pedagogical experiment on phytomonitoring and ecological expertise with the help of plants have been introduced into work with students, postgraduates and young scientists of the Department of Botany and Ecology of Donetsk State University.
Influence of climatic parameters on potatoe yield under irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Vasilyeva Tatiana , Mushinskiy lexander , Saudabaeva Aliia , Tyurikov Denis
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of we analyzed the relationship between the yield of potatoes of 10 different varieties and the air temperature during the growing season: Nevsky (1 St), Spiridon (2 St), Kavaler, Zakhar, Sapfir, Ariel, Kashtak, Krepysh, Lekar’, Fioletik. Our studies have shown that potatoes have specific requirements for irrigation in order to obtain good and high-quality tuber productivity. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the yield of potatoes directly depends on water regime, on the amount of precipitation during the growing season. High air temperatures adversely affect the yield of potatoes, but varietal specificity must be taken into account. We analyzed the relationship between the yield of potatoes of 10 different varieties and the air temperature during the growing season. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in most cases, the relationship between potato productivity and air temperature (r2) during the growing season has a negative relationship, with the exception of the varieties "Kashtak", "Krepysh", "Fioletik". The relationship (r2) of potato varieties "Kashtak", "Krepysh", "Fioletik" with air temperature during the growing season has a strong significant positive correlation.
Spatial structure and morpholody of understory in the southern taiga zone of central Siberia
Authors: Vais Andrey , Melnik Alexandra , Mantulina Alina , Luzina Elizaveta , Nemich Victor , Mikhaylov Pavel
Published: October 2023

The spatial structure of understory is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the present study was to reveal the role of spatial distribution of the understory and its influence on the morphological and other forest characteristics in young stands. Visual and instrumental forest measuress were conducted to assess the spatial distribution of understory (forest inventory data for Boguchanskoye, Daurskoye and Manskoye forestries in 1965–1975 were used). In Central Siberia, the spatial structure of understory is significantly influenced by the number of understory trees and the share of conifers in the stand composition. Quality of the understory worsens with increase in its number and age. At the same time, the condition of young trees growing in groups is lower. Competition in groups accelerates growth in height, making trees growing in groups higher than those arranged uniformly after 30 years of age. It was confirmed that the spatial structure of understory changes from a group to a uniform one with age. The analysis of variance showed that group arrangement of the understory significantly influences its quality and the share that dominant forest-forming species (spruce) takes in the young generation. In the case of uniform arrangement, a significant characteristic is the number of understory trees. Group spatial structure significantly influences the quality of understory and its growth rate in the southern taiga zone of South Siberia. In Central Siberia, abandoned agricultural lands are restocked mainly with coniferous (Scots pine) and deciduous (birch) species.
Effect of probiotic feed additive on physiological and biochemical parameters of horses
Authors: Ivannikova Regina , Bessarabova Ekaterina , Smirnova Ekaterina , Lunegov Alexander
Published: October 2023

Studies were conducted to study the effect of the feed additive ProVetin on the physiological and biochemical parameters of horses. The beneficial effect of the feed additive on the hematological and biochemical profile of the blood of horses was noted. Depending on the dose of the feed additive, the activation of the body's defense mechanisms and energy metabolism is established. In the group of animals receiving a feed additive at a dose of 20 g per head, 45 days after the start of administration, an increase in the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes relative to the initial level was noted – by 1.6% (142.4 ±13.9 g / l, P < 0.05) and 6.9% (9.3± 0.8 x1012 / l, P < 0.05) accordingly. In horses treated with ProVetin at a dose of 30 g per head, after 1.5 months, hemoglobin increased by 1% (146.9±12.2 g/l, P < 0.05), the number of red blood cells by 2.1% (9.0±1.4x1012/l), total protein by 16% (76.6±6.0 g/ll, P ≤ 0.05), albumins by 19% (38.4±2.6 g/l, P ≤ 0.05).
Impact assessment of national grower trout mixed fodders on the condition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) during its farming in cages
Authors: Kagan Il'ya , Kuzov Anton , Firsova Angelina , Grigoriev Vadim , Maltseva Tatiana
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the study results of the various recipes of production trout mixed fodders produced by LLC "RybProm" on the condition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) during its cultivation in cages in comparison with the feed produced by Coppens. The physiological condition of the studied fish was evaluated, haematological, biochemical studies and pathological and anatomical autopsy were carried out. It was shown that the feed coefficient in the control group was 1.2, and in the experimental feeds from 1.3 to 1.5. Of the three studied feeds, the feed "Recipe #3" is practically not inferior in feed coefficient and growth rate to the control group. The conducted researches at the cage trout farm showed that the feeds of domestic production correspond to imported analogues. All studied feed recipes are safe for the health of rainbow trout and are sufficiently balanced for its cultivation in cages.
Influence of the drug flavobetin on markers of endogenous intoxication, morbidity and milk productivity of cows
Authors: Kuzminova Elena , Koshaev Andrey , Abramov Andrey , Semenenko Marina , Semenenko Ksenia
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of studying the effect of the drug flavobetin on the indicators of endogenous intoxication, morbidity and milk production of cows. Flavobetin contains betaine hydrochloride, taurine and agrimony herb, has hepatoprotective, antioxidant and metabolic properties. For the experiment in the dry period two groups of cows were formed, 20 heads each: in the 1st experimental group the drug flavobetin in the dose of 50 g per head was used daily for a month; cows of the 2nd control group were intact. The results of the research indicate that the use of flavobetin in cows during the dry period helps to reduce the blood level of ketone bodies, medium mass molecules and lipid peroxidation products, which positively affects the course of labor and the postpartum period in animals. The preventive efficiency of flavobetin was confirmed by a decrease in the incidence of cows with ketosis – by 15%, retention of the placenta – by 10% and postpartum endometritis – by 15%. The use of the drug had a positive effect on the milk productivity of cows, increasing their milk yield and reducing the number of somatic cells in milk.
Features of the course of compensated, subcompensated and decompensated intestinal dysbiosis in cats
Authors: Tresnitskiy Sergey , Lutsay Vladimir , Ananev Lev , Sysoeva Natalya , Rudenko Andrei , Rudenko Pavel
Published: October 2023

The treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in animals remains one of the most complex and urgent problems in veterinary medicine to this day. Recently, a steady increase in pathologies has been recorded, accompanied by the development of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of various etiologies in animals. Despite the constant improvement of methods for correcting the intestinal microbiota, the occurrence of dysbacteriosis in various pathological processes not only does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases. This study revealed definite pathogenetic features of intestinal dysbiosis in cats of varying severity. It has been established that substantial changes occur in the blood of cats with dysbiosis, and with the decompensated third degree of severity, profound hematological shifts occur. The differences found may have significant clinical and laboratory importance since they complement the available data on intestinal dysbiosis in cats, which, in our opinion, will improve diagnostic and prognostic approaches, as well as therapeutic and preventive measures. Keywords: dysbiosis, cats, pathogenesis, compensated, subcompensated, decompensated.
Estimation of the mass of the centrifugal electric pump unit of the spacecraft thermal control system
Authors: Bobkov Alexandr
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the problem of estimating the mass of a centrifugal electric pump unit of a spacecraft thermal control system at the stage of preliminary design. The energy parameters of the electric pump are considered as the initial information relevant for the specified assessment: mass and volume flow V(m3/sec), head H (Joule/kg) and speed factor ns (dimensionless parameter). Based on the known data, using a third-order equation, an approximation of the graphical dependence of the reduced mass Mm of aggregates on the mass flow rate of the coolant (kg/sec) was carried out. An analysis of the equation showed that starting from the value m =0.15 kg/sec, the dependence becomes asymptotic, indicating the invariance of the reduced mass of the unit with a further increase in flow. The obtained dependence, covering a narrow range of variation, does not allow us to evaluate the changes of the reduced mass of the unit when designing a unified series of designs of the centrifugal electric pump unit of the spacecraft thermal control system, taking into account changes in such energy parameters as head, volume flow and speed coefficient. Therefore, at the 2nd stage of the study, an analysis of the influence of these parameters was carried out within the framework of the graph V = f (H), containing the level lines ns = const and Mm = const. It follows from the graph that if the increase in pressure H is due to an increase in the number of revolutions of the rotor, then such a modification of the unit is not accompanied by an increase in the radial dimensions and absolute mass of the design of the centrifugal electric pump unit.
Development and Research of a Regression Model for Assessing the Efficiency of Gas Compressor Units Operating Modes
Authors: Astapov Vladislav , Melnikova Daria , Ozerkina Irina
Published: October 2023

This article addresses the issue of improving the energy efficiency of gas transportation equipment in main gas pipelines. To ensure the operation of gas compressor units (GCUs), transported gas is used, and as a result, compressor stations (CSs) consume a significant amount of fuel gas for their own needs. Therefore, increasing the length of main gas pipelines requires a high degree of fuel gas utilization efficiency. The article demonstrates the principles of using GCUs for gas transportation and the operating modes of GCUs. An analysis of methods for assessing the efficiency of GCU operation is conducted. To obtain a forecast of GCU operating modes, a mathematical model for evaluating the efficiency of GCU operating modes is proposed based on real statistical data of equipment operating mode parameters during industrial operation of GCUs in main gas pipelines. The regression model for GCU operating efficiency obtained from calculating the dependency of fuel gas consumption on pressure drop and transported gas flow inadequately reflected the GCU operating mode. To improve accuracy, a regression model for assessing the efficiency of GCU operating modes is developed based on quadratic dependencies on pressure drop, transported gas flow, and gas temperature at the inlet, satisfying the dispatcher control of GCU efficiency.
Experimental research on the RUDN University campus on the issue of exhaust fumes
Authors: Tzybizov D.A. , Shekhovtsova A.S
Published: October 2023

The object of the study is the campus/student housing of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba. According to a number of monitoring centres, the Central Federal District of Russia ranks first among all districts in terms of vehicle exhaust emissions, with some 2,825 tonnes of vehicle exhaust emitted per year. Noise pollution is also an important contributor to environmental and human health impacts. Its impact extends to the surrounding area. The chapter describes the field research on the RUDN campus, as well as the results of the conducted research.
Calculation of dynamic operating modes refrigeration machines with electric energy sources
Authors: Babenkov Yu.I. , Romanov V.V. , Galka G.A. , Bazhutkina N.A. , Yuritsyn A.A.
Published: October 2023

The method of calculating the dynamic operating modes of refrigerating machines with electric power sources is described. As an example, the results of the calculation and data of experimental studies of the processes of starting a refrigerating machine with an electric asynchronous motor are given.
Modeling of the temperature field on the rake surface of the lathe cutter taking into account the evolution of cutting forces
Authors: Fominov Evgeny , Gvindjiliya Valery , Lavrenova Tatyana , Filonenko Lyubov , Cherednichenko Olga
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted to modeling the temperature field on the rake surface of the hard alloy lathe cutter when turning the work piece from structural steel 30 for a given value of the operating time of the cutting system. The assessment of the thermal state is made taking into account the change in cutting forces during machining. To do this, a model of the evolution of the radial and axial components of the cutting force was built, taking into account its growth in time and the influence of irregular kinematic vibrational perturbations. The calculation of the average temperature values for each section of the rake surface was made on the basis of the scientific approach described earlier, according to which the heating of the contact occurs due to the viscous dissipation of the friction energy in the surface plastically deformed micro layers of the chip. The calculation of the temperature values along the rake surface was carried out by the finite element method on a solid-state model of a fragment of the cutting part of the tool, as a result of which temperature values for the control planes were obtained. The results of digital modeling demonstrate a good correspondence of the calculated temperature values to the experimental data obtained by the semi artificial thermocouple method. The error of modeling the temperature field without taking into account heat exchange with the environment was 7.7-8.6%.
Improving the energy efficiency of backup energy supply sources in base stations of mobile networks
Authors: Yuldashev Khurshid , Mamasodikova Nodira , Ergashev Kakhramon
Published: October 2023

In the work in the MATLAB program, an IGBT-transistor inverter was modelled to improve the energy efficiency of a mobile uninterruptible power supply. In order to improve the efficiency of the uninterruptible power supply, its principal and structural diagrams have been developed.
Design of a smoke protection system for a closed car park
Authors: Frolova Anastasiya , Sorokina Karolina , Frolov Dmitry
Published: October 2023

Today, this topic is relevant due to the fact that smoke and toxic combustion products that are released during fires are the main cause of death. According to statistics, about 42% of victims of smoke exposure get severe poisoning, eventually leading to death. At the same time, 70% of all those killed in a fire die precisely from the effects of smoke. The article discusses two types of smoke removal systems for closed car parks (traditional and impulse), analyzes the design features of these systems, performs calculations and evaluates the profitability of these systems in terms of energy consumption and economic costs.
Design optimization of the suspension unit of the liner in the combustion chamber housing
Authors: Velikanov Peter , Velikanova Nina , Ivanov Peter , Aliev Rafik
Published: October 2023

The design of the suspension unit of the flame tube in the housing of the annular combustion chamber of a ground-based gas turbine installation of a gas pumping unit is given for placing it in a device for fixing the flame tube in the combustion chamber housing, where automatic clearance selection is required arising between the contacting surfaces of the docking nodes of the combustion chamber and the nozzle apparatus of the turbine, when the combustion chamber is operating as part of the engine. The proposed design of the suspension unit of the flame tube in the annular combustion chamber housing makes it possible to increase the reliability and resource of the combustion chamber and, in general, the entire ground-based gas turbine installation by eliminating the jamming of the split rings in the cups of the suspension units and the misalignment of the pushers relative to the suspension units and split support rings.