bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Dynamic Soil Properties by a Systematic Approach
Authors: Hore Ripon , Hore Shoma
Published: July 2024

The aim of the paper is to review the different research manuscripts on dynamic soil properties analysis in Bangladesh. In this case, Wrap faced embankment is significantly better result to build earthquake resilient infrastructure. Wrap faced embankment is basically a sand embankment wrapped around by geotextile layers as a steep embankment. This wrap-faced embankment is filled with different characteristics of sand. In this research, the wrap faced embankment is model by reduce scale in BUET Geotechnical Lab. The shaking table test machine was used to induce earthquake and wave action. The fifteen sensors have been placed in the wrap faced embankment and clay soil layer which was discussion on Hore’s research from 2020 to 2023. The different soil characteristics like accelerations, displacement, pore water pressure and strain has been analyzed in this research. This embankment showed better response to the earthquakes and wave action means stable to seismic and wave action. The results of the research have also been verified by numerical analysis by PLAXIS 3D software. Without knowing the characteristics of the wrap faced embankment during the earthquake, it is impossible to build this type earthquake/wave resisting embankment. The dynamic behavior of wrap faced embankment on soft soil in Bangladesh has been invented by the Hore’s research. Now, it is possible to design and construction of earthquake/wave resistance wrap faced embankment on soft Bangladeshi soil.
Technology for Performing Emergency Dismantling Works at an Industrial Facility Destroyed Due to Military Actions
Authors: Naumov V. , Bilokon A. , Sokolov I. , Plakhtii Ye. , Nesevrya P.
Published: July 2024

This investigation develops an innovative dismantling methodology for industrial facilities impacted by a 2022 missile strike, aiming to restore operations with minimal interruption. The purpose of the research is to establish a rapid and secure dismantling process that integrates seamlessly with ongoing industrial activities, ensuring safety and efficiency. It focuses on the damaged workshop facilities, analyzing the affected structures and utilities to inform emergency dismantling and recovery efforts. Advanced technologies, including specialized excavator attachments and carts, are introduced for precise dismantling, maintaining the integrity of adjacent structures. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of integrating advanced dismantling technologies within active industrial settings, significantly enhancing operational safety and efficiency. The successful application of these methodologies not only aids in the rapid recovery of damaged facilities but also sets a new benchmark for emergency industrial operations. Object of Research: The primary focus is on the damaged industrial workshop facilities, specifically examining the structures, utilities, and operational frameworks affected by the missile strike. This includes the physical site, the technological layout, and the existing industrial processes within the context of emergency dismantling and restoration efforts.
Study on the Control Effect of Pretreatment Measures on the Deformation of Subway Caused by the Excavation of Foundation Pit
Authors: Jia Yahui , Shang Yanliang , Du Jianhua , Dang Hongqian
Published: July 2024

At present, there are many control measures for the deformation of subway caused by the excavation of foundation pit. It is worthy of attention that pretreatment measures can effectively reduce the influence of deformation on the subway tunnel under different working conditions. Therefore, the finite element model is established by Midas/GTS to explore the reinforcement effect of two measures of pit bottom reinforcement and isolation pile reinforcement. The results show that: in the excavation of foundation pit, the two schemes have different effects on controlling the deformation of tunnel structure, and the inclination of diameter line is generally smaller. The deformation characteristics of each component structure of the diameter line after the pit bottom reinforcement are similar to those of the unreinforced condition, while the displacement changes of each structure after the isolation pile reinforcement become uniform and reasonable. Isolation pile reinforcement is better than pit bottom reinforcement, especially in reducing the vertical displacement of the structure. The reduction degree of the maximum horizontal displacement after the isolation pile reinforcement is about 24%–31%. Therefore, when selecting the pretreatment method, priority is given to the isolation pile reinforcement method.
Research on the Influence of Aggregate Content on the Abrasion Resistance of High Performance Concrete
Authors: He Jingjing , Zhang Yong , Lu Haodan , Huang Peng , Fan Lihao
Published: July 2024

Performance tests were conducted on high abrasion resistance concrete with different coarse aggregate contents and sand replacement rates. The influence of aggregate content on the slump, compressive strength, and impact and wear resistance of concrete was analyzed. The results show that when the ratio of slurry to aggregate is 5:5, the slump and abrasion resistance strength of high abrasion resistance concrete decrease with the increase of sand replacement rate, while the compressive strength increases with the increase of sand replacement rate. At a ratio of 5:5–5, the abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete reaches its optimal performance.
Design Optimization of Jacket Substructure of Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: He Ben , Lv Na , Shi Ruilong
Published: July 2024

The design optimization of the jacket substructure could reduce the cost of energy and the correlated carbon cost. The mass of jacket is optimized with respect to maximum stress and displacement responses. Wind and dead loads were applied at the top of the jacket referenced point. Wave load and foundation boundary were applied using Dload and UEL function in the Abaqus subroutine. Six different parameters were evaluated, including the pile height above mudline, the base width, brace thickness and diameter, and the main leg thickness and diameter. The parametrically optimized model has mass minimized by 16%. The maximum stress at the top of the optimal jacket reduced to 274.91 MPa from 288.70 MPa. The maximum displacement at the top increased to 87.37 mm from 83.88 mm, albeit, lower than the code limit of 175 mm. The absolute value of the maximum rotation at the top reduced from 0.309° to 0.304°, which is lower than the code limit of 0.382°. The pile rotation at the mudline increased by 14%, from 0.120° to 0.137°, nonetheless, lower than the DNV code limit of 0.250°. Initial numerical basis has been developed for the parametric design optimization of the jacket substructure. From the parameter studies conducted mathematical models could be developed for efficient numerical optimization.
Research on Permanent Deformation and Maintenance Measures of Existing Asphalt Payment Based on Rut Damage
Authors: Wang Jiangjiao , Fang Fei , Song Jianjun , Chen Futao , Xu Yang , Zhu Peng
Published: July 2024

In order to study permanent deformation of Expressway Asphalt Payment and the corresponding maintenance counter measures which have run away. In this paper, full thickness loading test of asphalt surface is used to analyze the cumulative run deformation capacity and residual bearing capacity of the existing pavement with different run depths and analyze the deformation layer of the core sample after loading and the test results after painting and curing. It is included that the peak rutting depth of existing pavement line to structural damage is 17.6 mm and the permanent rutting deformation depth is 27.3 mm. At the same time, the pavement maintenance counter measures and evaluation standard for permanent deformation of existing asphalt pavement are observed for the three rutting depth ranges.
Effect of Dry-Wet Cycle on Slope Stability of Laterite Subgrade
Authors: Xie Rong , Hu Shengxia , Yong Li , Lin Sen , Bo Kuang , Haojie Wang
Published: July 2024

In order to explore influencing factors of stability of laterite subgrade slope under the action of dry and wet cycle, the indoor direct shear tests of compacted laterite under different dry and wet cycles were carried out, and the strength parameters were obtained. The stress correction method was introduced to analyze the influence of the number of dry and wet cycles on the strength of laterite and the influence of stress correction on the analysis results. Based on the results of direct shear tests, Geostudio finite element software was used to simulate the stability and influencing factors of laterite soil subgrade slopes of different heights under different dry and wet cycle times. The results show: (1) The shear strength of laterite decreased with the increasing of the number of dry and wet cycle times, and the shear strength index of laterite after stress correction was added compared with the before correction. (2) With the increasing of the times of dry and wet cycles, the slope stability coefficient gradually decreases as an exponential function. The stability coefficient after correction is increased compared with before correction, and it have great significance to improve the reliability of direct shear test data by using stress correction method in landslide treatment and filling engineering. (3) The stability coefficient of the subgrade slope decreases monotonically with the increase of slope height, and the smaller the slope height of the slope, the better the overall structural stability.
Construction and Empirical Analysis of Influencing Factor Index of Prefabricated Construction Cost
Authors: Liu Nana , Chen Cheng , Gao Yun
Published: July 2024

The transformation of China’s construction industry is in a period of rapid development, especially the rapid development of prefabricated buildings, but the lack of effective cost control and management, resulting in a substantial increase in its cost, has become a bottleneck restricting its development. Based on the analysis of the composition of the prefabricated construction cost, the paper makes use of the literature and case data to analyze, thus establishing the index system of the influencing factors of the prefabricated construction cost. On this basis, a questionnaire is designed, and SPSS software is used to make an empirical analysis of the influence of various factors on the cost of prefabricated buildings, and the corresponding cost control strategies are given from the perspectives of design, production, transportation, installation and other five aspects.
Optimal Design and Application of Prefabricated Building Production Control in the Context of Intelligent Construction
Authors: Liu Jia , Huang Xiaoya , Chen Jinfeng
Published: July 2024

In order to promote the development of prefabricated building parts in the direction of intelligent production, according to the production process of prefabricated building parts, key technologies such as industrial Internet of Things and visual data acquisition are organically integrated, and the whole production process of prefabricated buildingparts is designed comprehensively, including production line management system, quality management system, equipment management system, etc. And through the industrial Internet of Things technology, data acquisition and monitoring and control platform to carry out data fusion and interaction at all stages of production, to achieve intelligent production of prefabricated buildings; At the sametime, the intelligent production of PC components to carry out virtual simulation analysis. The research shows that the interactive integration of digital industrial Internet of Things technology and data acquisition can be used as an effective path to realize the intelligent production of prefabricated buildings.
Visualization Platform for Rural Prefabricated Intelligent Construction with BIM Technology
Authors: Han Wang , Ran Zhuying
Published: July 2024

Rural construction, as an inevitable issue in the later stages of urbanization, has been put on the agenda with a large number of new or renovated rural residential buildings. Prefabricated building, as a more resource saving and highly customizable architectural model, is undoubtedly an excellent choice for rural areas with more diverse terrains. In order to better promote the popularization of large-scale prefabricated buildings, this article believes that it is necessary to build an intelligent construction visualization platform to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and meet customer requirements. Additionally, this article proposes to use building information modeling (BIM) technology to assist in visualization.
Research on Flexural Performance of Concrete Components in Prefabricated Buildings
Authors: Yi Yanan , Wang Yingjia , Man Xianhui
Published: July 2024

The use of recycled concrete can reduce the extraction of natural aggregates, achieve the reuse of construction waste, and thus achieve environmental protection and economic cost savings. In terms of mechanical properties, the use of recycled materials has the effect of reducing the strength and durability of concrete. Diamond sand has high hardness and good durability, and the addition of concrete can effectively improve the strength of concrete. However, there is little research on the content of diamond sand added. This study aims to add diamond sand to recycled concrete and test the effect of diamond sand content on the flexural performance of recycled concrete under the same recycled material content by changing the content of diamond sand. The aim is to make a certain contribution to the optimization of prefabricated structures.
Analysis on the Influencing Factors and Control Measures of Construction Quality of Prefabricated Building
Authors: Zheng Jieke
Published: July 2024

Under the new situation, the extensive construction and management mode of traditional construction projects has shown many problems in the development process, such as excessive resource waste, serious environmental pollution, and high workload of construction personnel [1]. Therefore, it is imperative to promote the development of Prefabricated building in China. However, in the current quality management practice of Prefabricated building in China, the relevant participants lack the quality management concept and sense of responsibility, resulting in poor construction quality of Prefabricated building, which affects the healthy and sustainable development of China’s construction projects. Based on the case study method, this paper selects the quality management of the construction process of Prefabricated building as the research object, tries to study and analyze the factors affecting the construction quality of Prefabricated building, and formulate scientific development countermeasures to improve the construction quality of Prefabricated building, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of China’s construction projects.
Research on Key Technologies for Translation and Dismantling in Tunnel of Large-Diameter TBM
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zhang Ti , Huo Lei , Wang YiJie , Zhang Shun , Jin Lianjie
Published: July 2024

Based on actual construction cases, this paper focuses on the design of main machine translation tooling and the main machine translation process in the tunnel of large-diameter TBM. Aiming at the design and dismantling tooling of the large-diameter screw machine in the tunnel, the key work of the tooling and the dismantling process was expounded. According to the requirements of the Back-up system retreat to the launching shaft, all Gantries retreat method is designed, the special tooling design is carried out, and the method is explained. SolidWorks 3D modeling software was used to build the disassembly model and conduct finite element analysis to check the strength of the tooling. This case ensures the safety of construction and improves the efficiency of TBM dismantling, which has reference significance for the future dismantling of large-diameter TBM in tunnel.
Study on the Three-Dimensional Place Making in the Core Area of Urban Central Railway Station in the Space Narrative Context
Authors: He Yuan , Shen Duwen , Peng Lili , Xie Chongshi
Published: July 2024

The core area of the urban central rail transit station is the area with the highest concentration of urban population and the most prominent contradiction. Aiming at the problems of fragmentation of above-ground and underground space, low quality of underground space environment, and lack of sense of place, this article puts forward the concept of three-dimensional place making. By introducing the analysis method of spatial narrative, and taking its advantages in shaping the sense of place, integrating the information of place, and constructing the semantics of place, this paper studies the characteristics of the place making of Shenzhen Huaqiangbei Station and Tokyo’s Shibuya Station, explores the spatial narrative logic that can effectively connect the above ground and underground, proposes the design strategy of three-dimensional place making, and explores the possibility of quantitative study of urban three-dimensional space in station area. The study found that the place making of station area should be based on the characteristics of its own space environment. In the area with high three-dimensional degree, complex space environment and large scale of development, it is appropriate to take the walking network as the framework and use deconstructive spatial narrative technique to create places with “multiple themes, multiple scenes and multiple elements” by segmenting and partitioning, so as to realize the organic integration of various spatial elements. This paper, for the first time, applies the spatial narrative theory and method to the study of place making in the core area of rail transit station, and explores a new way for the study of three-dimensional urban design in the urban railway station area.
Application of BIM + AR Smart Assembly Decoration Technology Research on Rural Residential Environment Construction
Authors: Lu Yao , He Sixuan , Li Yang
Published: July 2024

With the popularization and development of prefabricated buildings in rural areas, the application of prefabricated decoration technology in rural residential environment is becoming more and more important, which has also attracted great attention from academia and industry. However, due to many factors, such as low integration, high cost and low market share, the application of this technology in rural residential environment has obvious obstacles. In this paper, based on the modern digital era, firstly, the relevant theories are extensively studied and sorted out, and then the application of BIM + AR intelligent assembly and decoration technology in rural process is studied by means of practical investigation, empirical research and functional analysis. The research shows that the optimization of application mode can better promote the marketization process of assembled decoration technology and help to optimize the construction of rural human settlements. However, to complete the comprehensive optimization of rural human settlements in rural revitalization, further technology market popularization and market adaptation time are required.
Cost Comparison and Analysis of Prefabricated Frame Structures Under Different Assembly Rates
Authors: Xu Ping , Liu Chengming
Published: July 2024

Cost control is one of the important factors in the promotion and application of Prefabricated building. Prefabricated frame structures are widely used in public buildings such as hospitals and schools because of their strong adaptability. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct cost research and scheme comparison for prefabricated frame structures with different assembly rates. This article takes a single building project in a hospital in Chongqing as a research example to demonstrate and analyze the relationship between different assembly rates and construction costs, in order to provide reference for related projects.
Tiebout sorting in online communities
Authors: Lynham John , Neary Philip R.
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a stylized, dynamic model to address the issue of sorting online. There are two large homogeneous groups of individuals. Everyone must choose between two online platforms, one of which has superior amenities (akin to having superior local public goods). Each individual enjoys interacting online with those from their own group but dislikes being on the same platform as those in the other group. Unlike a Tiebout model of residential sorting, both platforms have unlimited capacity so there are no constraints on cross-platform migration. It is clear how each group would like to sort themselves but, in the presence of the other type, only the two segregated outcomes are guaranteed to be equilibria. Integration on a platform can be supported in equilibrium as long as the platform is sufficiently desirable. If online integration of the two communities is a desired social outcome, then the optimal policy is clear: make the preferred platform even more desirable. Revitalizing the inferior platform will never lead to integration and even increases the likelihood of segregation. Finally, integration is more elastic in response to an increase in platform amenities than to reductions in intolerance.
Outcomes of same-day discharge in bariatric surgery
Authors: Cooper Sydney , Patel Shivam , Wynn Matthew , Provost David , Hassan Monique
Published: July 2024

Background

Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced a shift to same-day discharge in bariatric surgery. Current studies show conflicting findings regarding morbidity and mortality. We aim to compare outcomes for same-day discharge versus admission after bariatric surgery.

Methods

Subjects included patients who underwent primary laparoscopic or robotic-assisted sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-En-Y gastric bypass at an academic center. The inpatient group included patients discharged postoperative day one, and the outpatient group included patients discharged on the day of surgery. Primary outcomes included the number of emergency room visits, reoperations, IV fluid treatments, readmissions, and mortality within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were morbidity, including skin and soft tissue infection, pulmonary embolism, and acute kidney injury.

Results

1225 patients met the inclusion criteria. In the gastric sleeve group, 852 subjects were outpatients and 227 inpatients. In the gastric bypass group, 70 subjects were outpatients, and 40 were inpatients. The mean age was 44.63 (17.38–85.31) years, and the mean preoperative BMI was 46.07 ± 8.14 kg/m2. The subjects in the outpatient group had lower BMI with fewer comorbidities. The groups differed significantly in age, BMI, and presence of several chronic comorbidities. The inpatient and outpatient groups for each surgery type did not differ significantly regarding reoperations, IV fluid treatments, or 30-day mortality. The inpatient sleeve group demonstrated a significantly higher readmission percentage than the outpatient group (4.6% vs 2.1%; p = 0.02882). The inpatient bypass group showed significantly greater ER visits (21.7% vs 10%; p = 0.0108). The incidence of adverse events regarding the secondary outcomes was not statistically different.

Conclusion

Same-day discharge after bariatric surgery is a safe and reasonable option for patients with few comorbidities.
Long-term outcomes of magnetic sphincter augmentation in sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Mina A. , Mowoh Daniel P. , Al Khadem Mai , Abbas Mujjahid , Khaitan Leena
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease after bariatric procedures can be challenging. There are very few long-term studies in this arena. This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) reflux management system in a cohort of bariatric patients who had previously undergone sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with a focus on assessing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) scores, medication use, and patient-reported symptoms.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 16 consecutive bariatric patients who received MSA implants following sleeve gastrectomy (n = 14) or gastric bypass (n = 2) surgeries. Data were collected regarding BMI, GERD quality of life assessments (GERD-HRQL), reflux symptoms, and use of PPIs in the sleeve/RGB patients through an extended period with a mean follow-up of 48 months.

Results

Patients were followed up for a range of .5–84 months. Preoperative assessments included upper gastrointestinal imaging (UGI), high-resolution manometry, Bravo pH studies, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Three patients exhibited reflux on UGI, and 13/13 patients had positive Bravo studies preoperatively. Sixteen patients had a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure under 18 mmHg, and eight patients had biopsy-proven esophagitis. Long-term outcomes are as follows. Daily PPI use fell from 88 to 25% at greater than three years. GERD-HRQL scores fell from 50.6 at baseline (range 27–70) and normalized at long-term follow-up. GERD symptom of regurgitation completely resolved. At long term, two patients had dysphagia and two patients had ongoing reflux. No adverse events were noted.

Conclusion

This is the first long-term outcomes study of magnetic sphincter augmentation placement after bariatric surgery. Our study showed the majority of patients had long-term improvement in GERD-HRQL scores and resolution/ relief of their reflux symptoms, with decreased use of PPIs. MSA is a safe, effective and durable management tool for reflux after bariatric surgery in carefully selected patients.
Older caregivers’ depressive symptomatology over time: evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Agapitos Marie , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Robitaille Annie
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of informal caregiving is increasing as populations across the world age. Caregiving has been found to be associated with poor mental health outcomes including depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to examine the mean trajectory of depressive symptomatology in older caregivers in a large European sample over an eight-year period, the effects of time-varying and time-invariant covariates on this trajectory, and the mean trajectory of depressive symptomatology according to pattern of caregiving. The results suggest that depressive symptoms in the full sample of caregivers follow a nonlinear trajectory characterized by an initial decrease which decelerates over time. Caregiver status and depressive symptoms were significantly associated such that depressive symptoms increased as a function of caregiver status. The trajectory in caregivers who report intermittent or consecutive occasions of caregiving remained stable over time. Significant associations were found between sociodemographic, health and caregiving characteristics and the initial levels and rates of change of these trajectories. While these results point to the resilience of caregivers, they also highlight the factors that are related to caregivers’ adaptation over time. This can help in identifying individuals who may require greater supports and, in turn, ensuring that caregivers preserve their well-being.
Voluntary disclosures and monetary policy: evidence from quantitative easing
Authors: Vincenzi Roberto
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of central bank private-sector quantitative easing (QE) policies on firms’ voluntary disclosures. While the effects of QE on borrowing costs and asset prices are well documented, spillovers in the disclosure realm remain understudied. This study specifically analyzes the effects of the Corporate Sector Purchase Program (CSPP), a private-sector QE policy implemented by the European Central Bank (ECB) in 2016 targeting corporate bonds in the euro area. Applying a difference-in-differences methodology to pre- and post-CSPP periods, I find that firms whose bonds the central bank purchased under the CSPP decreased their voluntary disclosures, particularly those related to cash flows and liabilities. My analysis attributes this decrease to reduced demand for firm-specific information from the central bank. My findings highlight the indirect consequences of QE monetary policy tools on corporate disclosure and contribute to the understanding of the transmission of monetary policy and investor-clientele dynamics.
Are authoritative international organizations challenged more? A recurrent event analysis of member state criticisms and withdrawals
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke , Ghassim Farsan
Published: July 2024

Member states’ challenges to international organizations (IOs) are at the heart of the supposed crisis of our multilateral order – from the “African bias” debate surrounding the International Criminal Court, to the United Kingdom’s “Brexit” from the European Union, to Trump’s attacks on the World Health Organization during the COVID-19 pandemic. IOs are regularly challenged by their member states in different ways, ranging from verbal criticisms to withdrawals. But why are some IOs challenged more than others? An important – but so far largely theoretical – academic debate relates to the authority of IOs as an explanatory factor for why some face more challenges: Authoritative IOs may invite more challenges (for example, due to domestic contestation) or fewer challenges (due, in part, to the investment of member states and their greater capacity to resolve conflicts internally). Our article assesses these explanations using the Andersen-Gill approach for analyzing recurrent events of member states’ public criticisms and withdrawals. We do not find strong and consistent evidence that more authoritative IOs are more regularly challenged by their own member states. There is some evidence that authoritative IOs experience fewer withdrawals, but we find stronger evidence for alternative factors such as preference heterogeneity between members, the existence of alternative IOs, and the democratic composition of an IO’s membership. Our study is significant for scholarly debates and real-world politics, as it implies that granting IOs more authority does not make them more prone to member state challenges.
Chlorine-Substituent Regulation in Dopant-Free Small-Molecule Hole-Transport Materials Improves the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Zhang Xiaoye , Li Zhanfeng , Chen Jinbo , Tian Yanting , Liu Baoyou , Si Changfeng , Yue Gang , Dong Hua , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: July 2024

Although doped hole-transport materials (HTMs) offer an efficiency benefit for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), they inevitably diminish the stability. Here, we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules, specifically fluorenone-triphenylamine (FO-TPA)-x-Cl [x = para, meta, and ortho (p, m, and o)], with different chlorine-substituent positions, as dopant-free HTMs for PSCs. These chlorinated molecules feature a symmetrical donor–acceptor–donor structure and ideal intramolecular charge transfer properties, allowing for self-doping and the establishment of built-in potentials for improving charge extraction. Highly efficient hole-transfer interfaces are constructed between perovskites and these HTMs by strategically modifying the chlorine substitution. Thus, the chlorinated HTM-derived inverted PSCs exhibited superior efficiencies and air stabilities. Importantly, the dopant-free HTM FO-TPA-o-Cl not only attains a power conversion efficiency of 20.82% but also demonstrates exceptional stability, retaining 93.8% of its initial efficiency even after a 30-day aging test conducted under ambient air conditions in PSCs without encapsulation. These findings underscore the critical role of chlorine-substituent regulation in HTMs in ensuring the formation and maintenance of efficient and stable PSCs.
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Umwelt Theory and Phenomenology’
Authors: Brentari Carlo , Tønnessen Morten
Published: July 2024

This introduction to the special issue “Umwelt Theory and Phenomenology” is composed of a brief theoretical introduction to phenomenology seen as a key attitude of philosophical research, an investigation of the possibilities offered by a combined application of phenomenology and biosemiotics, and an overview of the articles that are included in the special issue. The theoretical introduction stresses the possibility of distinguishing, within phenomenology, between approaches centred on the object (in other terms, the phenomenon), and subject-centred approaches which have emerged in the wake of Kantian transcendental idealism. The connection with biosemiotics is explored for both kinds of approaches, showing how Uexküll, and many other scholars after him, have used phenomenological tools and perspectives in the study of biological meaning and meaning-making processes. For each article in the collection, the overview of the articles indicates one or two points that we believe are of the greatest interest for the reader.
Assessment of Exposure to Synthetic Pyrethroids with the Use of Silicone Wristbands and Biomonitoring of Urinary Metabolites: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wacławik Małgorzata , Skwarło Dominika , Jurewicz Joanna , Wielgomas Bartosz
Published: July 2024

A novel approach to assess exposure to synthetic pyrethroids includes the use of silicone wristbands (WBs). In this pilot study completed on (n = 24) volunteers, comprising a week-long sampling period, paired urine samples (metabolites), and WBs (native compounds) were analyzed. This study employed a newly developed method for the determination of six pyrethroids in WBs. Permethrin was the most frequently detected compound (58.3%) in WBs and its geometric mean concentration was 79.64 ng/g. The most frequently detected metabolite in urine was 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) (68.06%). The geometric mean concentrations of urinary pyrethroid biomarkers varied from 0.21 ng/mL for 3-PBA to 0.08 ng/mL for cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DBCA). Higher concentrations of urinary metabolites (3-PBA, DBCA, cis-DCCA, and trans-DCCA) and permethrin in WBs were detected in study participants who reported pest control in occupied buildings within the last 5 years. The concentrations of 3-PBA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and permethrin were greater among people using insecticides in their homes. Both the ownership of pets and the use of antiparasitic veterinary drugs also resulted in significantly higher concentrations of metabolites in urine and permethrin in WBs. Silicone wristbands turned out to be a promising tool that may supplement qualitative and quantitative assessment of external exposure and the detection of key sources of pyrethroids in a minimally invasive way. Although our study is only a pilot one with a small number of participants, both urine analysis and wristbands independently allowed for the identification of the same exposure predictors, thereby documenting a certain potential for the practical application of WBs in exposure assessment.
The impact of forage condition on household food security in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alulu Vincent Harry , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia , Lepariyo Watson , Paliwal Ambica , Galgallo Diba , Gobu Wako , Banerjee Rupsha
Published: July 2024

We studied the causal link between forage condition and food security in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia and probed the mechanisms through which the effects occur. The study utilized weekly panel survey data collected over a period of 94 weeks (March 2021–December 2022) from drought-prone pastoral regions and estimated two-stage least squares instrumental variables regression to assess causal impacts. We found that an increase in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) – our proxy for forage condition – by 10% significantly reduced the likelihood of a household experiencing food insecurity by 12 percentage points. The main mechanisms through which improved forage condition increased food security were livestock productivity enhancement, reduced prices of basic food commodities (cereals, legumes, and vegetables), and utilization of better coping strategies by households. These findings suggest the need for interventions and initiatives aimed at boosting livestock productivity and reducing vulnerability to drought-induced poor forage conditions. Efforts focused on the monitoring of forage conditions and supporting market development for livestock feed are important for addressing the adverse impacts of drought and deteriorating forage conditions in the horn of Africa. Furthermore, the monitoring of drought conditions and shocks using high-frequency data has the potential for providing early warning and informing anticipatory action.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of SFX-01 After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage — The SAS Study
Authors: Zolnourian Ardalan , Garland Patrick , Holton Patrick , Arora Mukul , Rhodes Jonathan , Uff Christopher , Birch Tony , Howat David , Franklin Stephen , Galea Ian , Bulters Diederik
Published: July 2024

SFX-01 is a novel drug for clinical delivery of sulforaphane (SFN). SFN is a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator that reduces inflammation and oxidation, improving outcomes after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in animal models. This was a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 28 days of SFX-01 300 mg BD in patients aged 18–80 with spontaneous SAH and high blood load on CT. Primary outcomes were (1) safety, (2) plasma and CSF SFN and metabolite levels and (3) vasospasm on transcranial doppler ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included CSF haptoglobin and malondialdehyde and clinical outcome on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and SAH outcome tool (SAHOT). A total of 105 patients were randomised (54 SFX-01, 51 placebo). There were no differences in adverse events other than nausea (9 SFX-01 (16.7%), 1 placebo (2.0%)). SFN, SFN-glutathione and SFN-N-acetyl-cysteine AUClast were 16.2, 277 and 415 h × ng/ml. Plasma SFN was higher in GSTT1 null individuals (t = 2.40, p = 0.023). CSF levels were low with many samples below the lower limit of quantification and predicted by the CSF/serum albumin ratio (R2 = 0.182, p = 0.039). There was no difference in CSF haptoglobin (1.981 95%CI 0.992–3.786, p = 0.052) or malondialdehyde (1.12 95%CI 0.7477–1.687, p = 0.572) or middle cerebral artery flow velocity (1.04 95%CI 0.903–1.211, p = 0.545) or functional outcome (mRS 1.647 95%CI 0.721–3.821, p = 0.237, SAHOT 1.082 95%CI 0.464–2.525, p = 0.855). SFX-01 is safe and effective for the delivery of SFN in acutely unwell patients. SFN penetrated CSF less than expected and did not reduce large vessel vasospasm or improve outcome. Trial registration: NCT02614742 clinicaltrials.gov.
Quantifying the intensity of high-frequency mechanical impact treatment
Authors: Schubnell Jan , Hanji Takeshi , Tateishi Kazuo , Gkatzogiannis Stefanos , Ummenhofer Thomas , Farajian Majid
Published: July 2024

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a user-friendly and efficient mechanical post-weld treatment method, and the achieved fatigue life improvement is statistically proved and is attributed to HFMI-induced compressive residual stresses amongst other effects. Several studies have shown in the past that the process parameters (treatment time and working speed) have an influence on the stress state introduced by the HFMI treatment. Thus far, however, only device-specific quantitative recommendation for the HFMI treatment exists based on the instructions of each HFMI device manufacturer. It is not clear if a certain treatment time for a given intensity leads to optimum results regarding the enhanced fatigue life and the treatment parameters of the several HFMI devices cannot be directly compared with each other. For these reasons, a universal and simple definition of the HFMI treatment’s intensity based on the kinetic energy of the HFMI pin was used to quantitatively correlate the HFMI-induced compressive residual stress with the HFMI-process parameters for two different HFMI devices: pneumatical impact treatment (PIT) and high-frequency impact treatment (HiFIT). To this purpose, data from former studies of HFMI-treated base material and welded specimens are revaluated. It is shown, that the compressive residual stresses show only slight changes after reaching a threshold value of the applied kinetic energy ($$\approx$$
≈
50 to 100 J/mm). This energy-based approach for the quantification of the treatment intensity was also used for a case study with PIT- and HiFIT-treated transverse stiffeners with different treatment intensities (2 J/mm and 7 J/mm). A high influence of the treatment intensity on the residual stress state was determined.
A Review on the Analysis and Optimal Control of Chemotaxis-Consumption Models
Authors: Corrêa Vianna Filho André Luiz , Guillén-González Francisco
Published: July 2024

In the present review we focus on the chemotaxis-consumption model $$\partial _t u - \Delta u = - \nabla \cdot (u \nabla v)$$

∂
t

u
-
Δ
u
=
-
∇
·

(
u
∇
v
)

and $$\partial _t v - \Delta v = - u^s v$$

∂
t

v
-
Δ
v
=
-

u
s

v

in $$(0,T) \times \Omega $$

(
0
,
T
)
×
Ω

, for any fixed $$s \ge 1$$

s
≥
1

, endowed with isolated boundary conditions and nonnegative initial conditions, where (u, v) model cell density and chemical signal concentration. Our objective is to present an overview of the related literature and latest results on the aforementioned model concerning the following three distinct research lines we have obtained in Corrêa Vianna Filho and Guillén-González (Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl 70, 103795, 2023), Guillén-González and Corrêa Vianna Filho (SIAM J Numer Anal 61(5), 2509–2533, 2023), Guillén-González and Corrêa Vianna Filho (SIAM J Control Optim 61(5), 3156–3182, 2023), Corrêa Vianna Filho and Guillén-González (Appl Math Optim 89(2), 48, 2024): the mathematical analysis, the numerical analysis and the related optimal control theory with a bilinear control acting on the chemical equation.
Impact and Modal Characteristics of Steels Manufactured by a Novel Hybrid Selective Laser Melting Method
Authors: Kayacan Mevlüt Yunus , Yılmaz Mustafa Safa , Alshihabi Mamoun
Published: July 2024

One of the most popular methods of manufacturing metal parts is selective laser melting (SLM). This study uses a novel hybrid manufacturing method for lattice structures, integrating vibration modal and Charpy impact analyses. This integrated approach offers a promising route for advancing the understanding and optimisation of lattice structures in additive manufacturing. This research aims to discover the Charpy impact and vibration-damping behaviours of the 316 L, MS1, and 316 L + 2%Cu alloys and their lattice samples. Charpy impact tests revealed 33 J energy absorption, with the 316 L + 2%Cu material closed hexagon lattice structure. Vibration modal analysis provided insights into dynamic behaviour, aiding in identifying weaknesses. The closed hexagon lattice structure of MS1 exhibited damping ratio of 0.7, indicating its strong potential for vibration-damping applications. Results showcase the potential for widespread industrial applications, emphasising the importance of integrating structural and mechanical assessments in additive manufacturing processes.
Preventable mortality, related socioeconomic, and cultural factors across European countries
Authors: Tavares A. I.
Published: July 2024

Preventable mortality is a societal burden, impacting significantly on a country’s economy. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with the preventable mortality rate across European countries. The major contribution of this study comes from the consideration of cultural values to be related with preventable mortality. The cultural values taken into consideration are uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation which have a strong correlation with economic preferences. For this purpose, panel data from 27 countries was collected for the period 2011–2019. Various models were applied to the dataset, including least squares dummy variable regression, AR(1) model, as well as Driscoll-Kraay, Prais-Winstein, and Hausman-Taylor models. Results show that while preventable mortality rate across European countries closely correlates with GDP per capita, social security expenditures, and air pollution, it is also associated with immigrants per capita and health expenditures. The key findings point to the relationship between cultural values and preventable mortality. These results show that designing effective policies and measures to reduce preventable mortality need to account for the cultural traits of the population.
Computational urban science needs to go beyond computational
Authors: Huang Xiao
Published: July 2024

In this paper, I advocate for a radical expansion of computational urban science to encompass a multidisciplinary, human-centered approach, addressing the inadequacies of traditional methodologies in capturing the complexities of urban life. Building on insights from Jane M. Jacobs and others, I argue that integrating computational tools with disciplines like sociology, anthropology, and urban planning can significantly enhance our understanding and management of urban environments. This integration facilitates a deeper analysis of cultural phenomena, improves urban policy design, and promotes more sustainable, inclusive urban development. By embracing qualitative research methods—such as ethnography and participatory observations—alongside computational analysis, I highlight the importance of capturing the nuanced social fabrics and subjective experiences that define urban areas. I also stress the necessity of including community stakeholders in the research process to ensure that urban science not only analyzes but also improves the lived experiences of urban populations. Furthermore, I underscore the need for ethical governance and the mitigation of biases inherent in computational tools, proposing rigorous model auditing and the inclusion of diverse perspectives in model development. Overall, this work champions a holistic approach to urban science, aiming to make cities smarter, more equitable, and responsive to their residents’ needs.
Hydrogeochemical and stable isotope characteristics of the Shinile and Fafen-Jerer catchment of eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Seifu Tesema Kebede
Published: July 2024

The use of tracers, particularly isotope geochemistry tracers, is the most efficient method for understanding and providing fresh perspectives on hydrologic processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the stable isotope and geochemical characteristics of groundwater alluvial aquifers in eastern Ethiopia. Samples of water from rainfall, surface water, and groundwater sources were gathered and analyzed. The research discovered that EC, pH, and TDS fluctuated from 871 to 6090 μS/cm, 6 to 8.2, and 558 to 3898 mg/L, correspondingly. In both regions major cation and anion concentrations fall in the order of Ca2+  > Na+ > Mg2+  > K+ and SO42−  > HCO3−  > Cl− > NO3− respectively. The most common water types are mixed Na-Mg-Ca, Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and Ca- HCO3−. Hydrogeochemical experiments revealed that carbonate and silicate weathering and ionic exchanges primarily govern the supply of important ions in the waters and the geochemical history. The stable isotopic compositions vary from − 2.772 to − 0.418 ‰ with a mean value of− 1.772 ‰, for oxygen and from− 10.37 to 1.01 ‰ with a mean value of− 4.306 ‰ for hydrogen. The results show precipitation has been found to have more enriched isotope compositions than groundwater. In other words, both the hydrogen and oxygen isotope of groundwater are depleted than the precipitation isotope composition. The findings contribute to our knowledge of the stable isotope and geochemistry and are useful in determining the primary compositions of groundwater, water type, and the hydrogeochemistry of semi-arid areas.