bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information needs and information seeking behaviour of rural dwellers in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Yap Ching Seng , Huong Tiew Fidella Nga , Anak Ngadan Alpha , Ho Poh Ling
Published: July 2022

This research aims to investigate the information needs and information seeking behaviour of the rural dwellers in Sarawak focusing on identifying their information needs; examining their use of information sources; assessing their perception of quality and accessibility of the information sources; and determining the barriers to information seeking. An interviewer-administered questionnaire survey is adopted for data collection, from the rural dwellers, covering broadly the northern, central, and southern regions of Sarawak. This study covers a broader range of information needs (12 types) and use of information sources (20 sources) of the rural dwellers in Sarawak. Using a quota sampling technique based on geographical region, data are collected from 130 respondents in each region, a total of 390 respondents. This paper reports the research findings using descriptive statistical analysis. The rural dwellers have the highest needs in the area of religion, health and medical, as well as entertainment, leisure, and sports. They have the lowest needs for information about social welfare, politics, and general/state election. The popularity of digital sources such as the Internet, social media, and mobile applications have become the main source of information seeking of the rural dwellers, with the traditional sources such as television, radio, and newspapers are still being widely used. When the perception of information source quality and accessibility is high, the frequency of using the source for information seeking is also high. Poor infrastructure and limited financial ability are cited as the main barriers to information seeking among the rural dwellers.
Who really contributes to information science research? An analysis of disciplinarity and nationality of contributors to ten top journals
Authors: D. Lund Brady
Published: July 2022

Understanding the shifts in contributions to the discipline of Information Science, and its subdisciplines/specialties of Library Science and Information Science, is important for researchers, educators, and advocates in this field. This study analyzes the disciplinary and national affiliations of authors in ten top Information Science journals from 2015-2019. Findings indicate that significant discrepancies exist among the authorship of journals examined, with journals like Journal of Documentation having a large majority of authors from Library and Information Science schools, while journals like Information Processing and Management have only a small number of computers from Library and Information Science relative to disciplines such as computer science. Nationality findings indicate that Europe, North America, and Asia have significant representation in these Information Science publications, though developing countries are severely underrepresented compared to developed countries. These findings highlight significant discrepancies in contributions to Information Science research and the need for more Library and Information Science contributors, particularly from developing countries. International and interdisciplinary collaboration may be particularly helpful in achieving this goal.
The explanatory power of social capital in determining knowledge sharing in higher education: A case from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuqrin Abdullah , Zhang Zuopeng (Justin) , Alzamil Aljawharah , Mutambik Ibrahim , Alhabeeb Abdullah
Published: July 2022

Knowledge sharing strengthens individual creativity, critical thinking and innovation. It also improves research and development endeavors, performance and productivity at the organizational level. Knowledge sharing decreases the amount of red-tape faced by organizations, firms and individuals in achieving economic, as well as social improvements. Notwithstanding the plethora of empirical studies on knowledge sharing determinants, much confusion has been produced by differing conclusions. Using original data collected via questionnaires from a sample of 404 participants at a Saudi public university, this analysis tested the effect of social capital on knowledge sharing intentions and behaviors. Findings from the Structural Equation Model found support to the hypotheses claiming positive associations between social ties, trust, identification, reciprocity, shared language, and shared vision and knowledge sharing. This study proposes a practice-based strategy for higher learning institutions to improve knowledge sharing behaviors built on the two components of enhancing enabling environments and technical skills. On the theoretical level, this study argues that the effects of social capital constructs differ with respect to the context considered. In higher education, social capital is thought to have a weak significant positive explanatory power on knowledge sharing behaviors.
Perceptions towards research data sharing: A qualitative study of Nigerian academics
Authors: Abdullahi Khalid Ayuba , Noorhidawati A.
Published: July 2022

Open science provides transparency to research processes by means of open data as data sharing initiates. The need for data sharing among scholars and researchers was evident, the uptake however is slow due to the benefits and detriments of the practices. This paper explores the perceptions of Nigerian academics towards research data sharing practices. Participants from five universities in Nigeria were purposively sampled. Data were gathered through interviews with 22 participants. Their perception towards data sharing was reflected through their awareness, understanding and familiarity of the practice. Most of the participants perceived that data sharing would add value to their professional reputation and fast-track their research progression, however a few of them perceived data sharing as disquieting. The academics labelled data privacy and cultural orientation to be those risks associated with data sharing. The study provides deeper understanding of data sharing and the opportunity for academics to know diverse insights of data sharing practices that would guide scholars in intensifying a variety of data management services, which then can be personalized to their exclusive needs. Further investigation could be done through quantitative research approach to inform data sharing behavior in a larger scale in order to improve the current practices.
Into the unknown: Do people in low literacy rate areas practise digital reading?
Authors: Samsuddin Samsul Farid , Mohamed Shaffril Hayrol Azril , Mohamed Nor Aini , Bolong Jusang
Published: July 2022

Various initiatives have been taken to bridge the urban-rural digital divide in Malaysia, which has impacted the change of mindset among the rural community in terms of acceptance and assimilation of digital technologies in their daily life. This includes digital literacy-related activities for self-development, especially in cultivating reading habits. The main purpose of this study is to investigate digital reading practices among rural communities in low literacy rate areas in promoting reading culture in Malaysia under the 10-year National Reading Decade (DMK) 2021-2030 programme. A quantitative design of the study which involved 400 rural community respondents from 4 selected states in Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, Sarawak, and Sabah) using the multi-stage and mixed sampling method in administering the survey questionnaires. This study found that rural communities in low literacy rate areas in Malaysia did practice digital reading, primarily on smartphone. The empowerment of digital literacy in terms of digital reading practices is believed to be able to narrow down the digital divide among rural communities. The findings are expected to provide useful guidance for rural development in ICT and create better understanding and awareness among policymakers to create a rural society which is learned and well-informed through a more inclusive digital reading practices.
Assessing academic librarians’ awareness on the importance and knowledge of collection development policy in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Buhari , Yanti Idaya M.K. , Samsul Farid S.
Published: July 2022

Despite the importance of collection development policy (CDP) in developing library collection, little has been written about the awareness and knowledge of those who are responsible for formulating, maintaining, and updating this policy, especially in Nigeria where collection development challenges seem to be rampant. Therefore, this study assesses Nigerian academic librarians’ awareness on the importance and knowledge of CDP and also determines whether academic librarians’ educational level and working experience influence their awareness on the importance and knowledge of CDP. The study employed a quantitative methodology using a survey research design. One hundred and thirty-six (I36) academic librarians were recruited from three selected academic libraries in the Northwestern zone of Nigeria using a random sampling method. A survey questionnaire developed based on the IFLA (2001) guideline for collection development policy was used to collect the data. Descriptive and Spearman correlational analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that academic librarians had a high level of awareness on the importance and knowledge of CDP. The findings also revealed that academic librarians’ educational level influenced their awareness on the importance (p = .000) and knowledge of CDP (p = .009). However, academic librarians’ working experience did not influence their awareness on the importance (p = .100) and knowledge of CDP (p = .307). This study has contributed to the management of academic libraries by providing useful information on the importance and knowledge of CDP among academic librarians in Nigeria. The study suggests that various educational programs are necessary to continue to improve the awareness on the importance and knowledge of CDP among library professionals in Nigeria.
Sustainability of digital collections for Nigerian academic libraries: An exploration of conception, indicators for fulfillment and accrued benefits
Authors: Yakubu Hajara , Noorhidawati A. , Kiran K.
Published: July 2022

Collection management in libraries has evolved alongside the developments of the new technologies effecting libraries. As digital collections are increasingly becoming the preferred resources by remote library users, librarians are faced with the challenge of proving a seamless continuation of efficient accessibility to these digital collections over time. This study aims to explore librarians’ understanding of the sustainability of digital collections, the criteria for its fulfilment, and their perspectives on the accrued benefits of the practice. The study employs a qualitative approach, with purposive sampling of 25 experienced librarians and library ICT personnel from three federal universities in Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions were used in the data collection. Result reveals that the academic librarians are insightful about what it means by sustaining digital collections in their respective universities. The themes generated are the provision of access, digitization, preservation, task functions, and services. The criteria to be achieved for the sustainability of digital collections, includes skilled manpower, professional development, defined roles, ICT infrastructure, funding, and maintenance. The movement for sustaining digital collections in academic libraries in Nigeria will benefit the library’s reputation, improve the services offered, aid in the preservation of the collections, promote resource sharing, and reduce time and cost. The study suggests that academic librarians need ongoing training to keep them abreast of the latest technology for crucial understanding in a bid to sustain their digital collections.
Institutional Characteristics Influencing Medical Student Selection of Primary Care Careers: A Narrative Review and Synthesis
Authors: Seehusen Dean A. , Raleigh Meghan F. , Phillips Julie P. , Prunuske Jacob , Morley Christopher P. , Polverento Molly E. , Kovar-Gough Iris , Wendling Andrea L.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: There is an ongoing shortage of primary care physicians in the United States. Medical schools are under pressure to address this threat to the nation’s health by producing more primary care graduates, including family physicians. Our objective was to identify institutional characteristics associated with more medical students choosing primary care.
Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review with narrative synthesis to identify medical school characteristics associated with increased numbers or proportions of primary care graduates. We included peer-reviewed, published research from the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The existing literature on characteristics, including institutional geography, funding and governance, mission, and research emphasis, was analyzed and synthesized into summary statements.
Results: Ensuring a strong standing of the specialty of family medicine and creating an atmosphere of acceptance of the pursuit of primary care as a career are likely to increase an institution’s percentage of medical students entering primary care. Training on regional campuses or providing primary care experiences in rural settings also correlates with a larger percentage of graduates entering primary care. A research-intensive culture is inversely correlated with primary care physician production among private, but not public, institutions. The literature on institutional financial incentives is not of high enough quality to make a firm statement about influence on specialty choice.
Conclusions: To produce more primary care providers, medical schools must create an environment where primary care is supported as a career choice. Medical schools should also consider educational models that incorporate regional campuses or rural educational settings.
REINVENTAR A DOCÊNCIA: PROBLEMATIZANDO O TEMPO DA PANDEMIA NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO
Authors: Ferreira Lúcia Gracia
Published: July 2022

O estágio supervisionado é uma disciplina obrigatória das licenciaturas que foi muito impactada pela pandemia da COVID-19, devido ao seu caráter prático de atuação profissional. Dessa forma, buscamos neste artigo problematizar o tempo da pandemia para o desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, tomando como ponto de entrada a reinvenção da docência. Sabemos que a profissão de professor foi atingida pela crise sanitária de modo peculiar, visto que foi necessário a implementação do ensino remoto emergencial, em razão da suspensão das atividades presenciais. Com isso, aqui encontram-se partilhadas de narrativas de estudantes de um estágio supervisionado ocorrido durante a pandemia, produzidas a partir de uma situação-problema proposta como atividade avaliativa da disciplina. Assim, deu-se no âmbito qualitativo e exploratório no primeiro semestre letivo do ano de 2020. As narrativas são expostas em blocos e mostraram que a pandemia exigiu mudanças nos modos de organizar e desenvolver os estágios supervisionados dos cursos de licenciaturas. Além disso, impulsionou a construção de muitas aprendizagens da docência, relacionadas as incertezas que pairam sobre a profissão docente para os quais devemos estar preparados, que na docência é preciso refletir e também infletir, questionar, não ceder, reconhecer as necessidades, construir, mobilizar, ressignificar, reinventar entre outros. Dessa forma, o tempo da pandemia foi problematizado no estágio supervisionado e pudemos aprender com isso.
The composition of board committees in family firms: Does ownership matter?
Authors: Agnese Paolo , Arduino Francesca Romana
Published: July 2022

Board committees perform many of the board of directors’ functions, making informed decisions within the framework of delegated authority and providing specific recommendations to the board on the matters in their domain. Their composition draws significant attention from shareholders, as they represent the locus where important decisions are formally taken. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of ownership in designing the board committees in family firms, especially considering the recent quest for sustainable corporate governance that requires sustainability expertise in the board of directors. The relative importance of family owners and institutional investors may be moderated by the presence of family members in the firm management.
Sustainability reporting: The way to standardized reporting according to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in Germany
Authors: Ulrich Patrick , Metzger Jasmina
Published: July 2022

The importance of sustainability is increasing in society as well as in the corporate environment. To force companies to deal with the topic in greater detail, the European Commission has revised the directive that regulates this reporting. This new version is to be mandatory from 2024 for reports on the 2023 business year. For this reason, companies must urgently deal with the increased requirements and implement them, because studies show that companies are not yet really well prepared for the innovations
Board gender diversity and corporate environmental sustainability: A research agenda
Authors: Ricci Federica , Scafarto Vincenzo , Della Corte Gaetano
Published: July 2022

Environmental sustainability as a pillar of corporate sustainability has gained increasing prominence in policy and academic discourses (Birindelli, Iannuzzi, & Savioli, 2019). The rise of regulatory frameworks, combined with stakeholder pressures to discourage actions that are harmful to the community and the environment, are driving companies to respond to the increased demand for environmental sustainability as a means to enhance their reputation and sustain their business over time. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the role of board gender diversity in corporate environmental sustainability, outlining the current state of research and providing an agenda for future research.
Molecular Histology as a Novel Proxy for Ancient DNA and Protein Sequence Preservation
Authors: Anderson Landon
Published: July 2022

Researcher ability to accurately screen fossil and sub-fossil specimens
for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal
exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation
on a broad scale but are of limited use for specimens of similar
depositional environments and/or ages. Cell and tissue molecular
histology is thus proposed as a proxy for determining sequence
preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy.
Molecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why
fossil/sub-fossils of some depositional environments and or geologic
ages preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection
of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND THE RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA IN IRAQI PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors:   Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Khaleel Marwa F. , Al-Moayad Hala A. ,   Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential factor for angiogenesis and plays important role in placental development. Objective: To investigate the association between VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +936 Cytosine/Thymine (C/T) and -634 Guanine/Cytosine (G/C) and preeclampsia risk. Methods: A total of 50 cases of pregnant women with preeclampsia and 50 healthy pregnant women (as a control) were involved in this case control study. Blood samples were collected form each woman and the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted. Amplification of VEGF gene was done by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then detection of SNPs-634 G/C and +936 C/T were carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequency of different genotypes of VEGF SNPs +936 C/T &-634 G/C are in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. VEGF polymorphism +936 C/T appeared in 3 genotypes after digestion with restriction enzymes Cytosine Cytosine (CC), Cytosine Thymine (C/T) & Thymine Thymine (TT). VEGF SNP -634 G/C appeared in 3 genotypes after digestion with restriction enzymes; those were Guanine Guanine (GG), Guanine Cytosine (GC) and CC. The heterozygous genotype CT of polymorphism +936 C/T was more frequent among preeclamptic patients than the controls (26% versus 16%). Likewise, TT genotype was more frequent among preeclamptic patients (8% versus 2%) with no significant differences. At the allelic level, the difference was more prominent. The frequency of mutant allele (T allele) was much more frequent in preeclamptic patients than controls (21% versus 10%) with a statistically significant difference (p=0.049). Although CC genotype of polymorphism -634 G/C was more frequent among preeclamptic patients than controls (14% versus 10%), the difference was not significant (p=0.704). Likewise, there were no significant differences in allele frequency. Conclusion: The study suggested that the mutant T allele of VEGF +936 C/T polymorphism was associated with increased preeclampsia risk and disease development. Keywords: Vascular endothelial growth factor, polymorphisms, preeclampsia Citation: Khaleel MF, Al-Moayad HA. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and the risk of preeclampsia in Iraqi pregnant women. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 106-112. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.14
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE IN HOSPITAL ACQUIRED AND COMMUNITY ACQUIRED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN AN IRAQI COHORT: FREQUENCY, ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND THE PERCENTAGE OF BLA KPC RESISTANCE GENE
Authors:   Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq,, Nasser Heba H. , Abdulrahman Thanaa R. ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq,, Malik Arif S. ,   Dept. of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen in hospital and community-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI and CAUTI). It is showing a high resistance towards many antibiotics Objective: This study aims to estimate the percentage of K. pneumoniae in HAUTIs and CAUTIs, antibiotic resistance, extended spectrum bata lactamase (ESBL), and detect the beta lactamase K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (bla KPC) resistance gene and presence of mutation in this gene. Methods: A total of 200 urine samples were collected randomly; K. pneumoniae was cultured and isolated on MacConkey agar, antibiotic sensitivity testing and ESBL detection were performed by Vitek 2 system, then DNA was extracted, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for KPC gene were done. Results: There was 7% (14 isolates) of K. pneumoniae (50%) HAUTI and (50%) CAUTI. ESBL was positive in 3 isolates (21.43%). Percentage of positive bla KPC gene was 42.8%. KPC gene sequencing showed high rate of mutation in positive isolates reaching to 50 different nucleotides. Conclusion: This work has increased the knowledge on K. pneumoniae causing HAUTI and CAUTI in Iraqi patients. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, hospital acquired urinary tract infection, community acquired urinary tract infection, ESBL, bla KPC gene. Citation: Nasser HH, Abdulrahman TR, Malik AS. Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospital acquired and community acquired urinary tract infections in an Iraqi cohort: Frequency, antibiotic susceptibility and the percentage of bla KPC resistance gene. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 121-131. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.16
ASSOCIATION OF ANTI-COXSACKIE VIRUS-B IgG WITH AUTOANTIBODIES RELATED TO TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Hassan Hakeem Gh. , Al-Shuwaikh Arwa M. ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Auqili Raid K. ,   Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Coxsackievirus B is a virus may cause type 1 diabetes. There are links between Coxsackievirus B infections and type 1 diabetes. The presence of autoantibodies in pancreatic beta cells has been linked to the development of type 1 diabetes following Coxsackievirus B infection. Objective: To detect autoantibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes. Also, to find if there is an association between pancreatic beta cell autoantibodies and Coxsackievirus-B IgG. Methods: This study was done from January to March 2021, it included two groups of 75 children; their ages ranged from one month to fifteen years. Children with type 1 diabetes were admitted to the diabetic and endocrine glands center in Thi-Qar governorate, whereas children without diabetes (control group) were admitted to Bint Al-Huda Children's Hospital in Nasiriyah/Thi-Qar. Venous blood was taken from each person for estimation of random blood sugar, serum fructosamine, and HbA1c in the laboratory of the diabetic and endocrine glands center. Pancreatic beta cell autoantibodies and anti-Coxsackievirus-B IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The statistical analyses were done using SPSS 25. The study population P-values below 0.05 to be statistically significant. The study was authorized by Al-Nahrain University's Institutional Review Board and parental consent was taken. Results: The patients had significantly greater levels of random blood sugar, fructosamine, and HbA1c than healthy controls. Anti-islet antigen, anti-islet cell, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, and anti-Coxsackievirus-B IgG antibody titers were greater in patients than controls. The majority of autoantibodies tested correlated with Coxsackievirus-B IgG antibodies. Conclusion: Anti-Coxsackievirus-B IgG antibody positivity was associated with autoantibodies related to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Coxsackievirus B, type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies Citation: Hassan HG, Al-Shuwaikh AM, Al-Auqili RKD. Association of Anti-Coxsackie Virus-B IgG with autoantibodies related to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 132-138. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.17
RISK FACTORS OF ACNE VULGARIS AMONG MOSUL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM IRAQ
Authors:   University Primary Health Care Center, Nineveh Health Directorate, Mosul, Iraq, Khaleel Fanar F.
Published: July 2022

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, which is a significant health problem among adolescents and young adults. It affects 85-100% of people at some point in their lives, and it usually begins at puberty. Acne can persist into the 30s and beyond. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for development of acne vulgaris among Mosul University students in Mosul- Iraq. Methods: A case-control study conducted to 300 persons (150 cases and 150 controls) aged 18-35 years selected randomly among Mosul University students who attended university primary health care that located inside Mosul University, Iraq, during the sixth month period from august 2019 to January 2020. Results: Of the acne vulgaris cases (150 cases) that included in the study, 45 % are males and 55% are females, those with age group 18-23 years has 1.8 risk for developing of acne, always stress has 2.7 risk, female cases with irregular cycle have 58 times risk. 53% of female & 46% of male have acne on their face and male patients have 35 risk for acne on their shoulder, oily skin has 3 times risk, two and more members in family with acne have 4 risk followed by 3 times risk of one family member with acne, student’s mobile use has about 2 times risk for developing of acne. Conclusion: There were several significant factors associated with acne formation in the study, which play a role in acne formation including age, psychological status, menstrual cycle irregularity, site of appearance of acne, nature of the skin, family history, using student's mobile. Keywords: Acne vulgaris, risk factors, university students Citation: Khaleel FF. Risk factors of acne vulgaris among Mosul University Students from Iraq. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 51-58. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.7
CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEARING LOSS (DEAFNESS) IN CHILDREN ATTENDING THE MEDICAL CITY HOSPITAL, BAGHDAD, IRAQ
Authors:   Al-Madain General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Qasim Mohammed F. , AbdulKareem May N. ,   National Center for Audiology and Speech Therapy, Baghdad, Iraq, Issa Maha A. ,   National Center for Audiology and Speech Therapy, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is one of the commonest and neglected childhood disabilities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most of childhood hearing impairment is preventable. Studies showed that 31% of hearing impairment cases are caused by prenatal and postnatal infections, 17% are birth-related causes, 4% are ototoxic medications and about 8% related to other causes such as maternal substance abuse. Objective: To review factors associated with HL in a sample of children attending the Medical City Hospital in the Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic and Auditory Clinic; including congenital, early, or late onset and to investigate risk factors associated with HL. Methods: A cross sectional study, included children <15 years with hearing loss attending the Medical City Hospital in the Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic and Auditory Clinic during the period from the 1st of July 2021 till the 30th of October 2021. Results: One hundred and one children with HL; 65.3% of them were males, 71.3% were preschoolers, 60.4% of them had family history of deafness, Severe deafness was found among 45.5% of children. Management was by Cochlear implantation for 60.4% of them and hearing aid for the rest. Causes of deafness were unknown in 39.6% of children, congenital among in 37.6%, acquired in 15.8% and mixed causes in 6.9%. Conclusion: Hearing impairment is severe deafness in most of the children included in this study. Family history, congenital infections and otitis media were the major causes of hearing impairment. Finally, cochlear implant was the management of choice in the majority of these children. Keywords: Hearing loss, cochlear implant, otitis media Citation: Qasim MF, AbdulKareem MN, Issa MA. characteristics and factors associated with hearing loss (deafness) in children attending the Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 68-76. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.9
The Growing Field of Nonprofit Accounting Research: 21st Century Data Sources, Topics, and Opportunities
Authors: Mercado Julie M , Parsons Linda M. , Smith Kyle A.
Published: July 2022

We document trends in nonprofit accounting research during the past two decades, specifically identifying data sources used, research topics investigated, and journals that published this work. Accessibility to new data sources has allowed scholars to broaden the overall scope of research questions examined and better understand the ramifications of a wide variety of factors on organizational performance, managers' behavior, and donor decision making. Our findings indicate that accessible and affordable digitized data opened the field to scholars who may have previously perceived data collection as a barrier to entry in the field. Nonprofit accounting research has increased significantly and is now published broadly in a wide array of journals. As the field has developed, those who conduct nonprofit research have diversified the data sources and research methods in their research designs. Overall, the trends in availability and variety of data bode well for the future of nonprofit accounting research.
Dua Tahun Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Aditama Tjandra Y.
Published: July 2022

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PENGARUH MODUL TERMOKIMIA BERBASIS STEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH KAPITA SELEKTA KIMIA
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Medan, Amdayani Susilawati , Dalimunthe Makharany ,   Universitas Negeri Medan, Nasution Haqqi Annazili ,   Universitas Negeri Medan
Published: July 2022

This research is motivated by the low ability of students in developing critical thinking skills and problem solving and the lack of student motivation to develop science and link chemistry with other science. This research is a quantitative research. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-based modules on learning outcomes and student motivation. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data collection method used was a multiple choice test to measure learning outcomes and a questionnaire to analyze learning motivation. The results showed that the use of STEM-based modules had an effect on student learning outcomes and learning motivation in selected subjects.
Operating Principles for Crisis Management in the Republic of Moldova at the Current Stage
Authors: Mereuţă Gheorghe
Published: July 2022

The scientific approach is an in-depth analysis of the concept of crisis management, which emerged as a result of the new current conditions of manifestation of insecurity or instability in the world, and based on them highlighting the most relevant and effective ways and tools to implement them. The content of the article includes the identification and establishment of the system of forces and means involved in the prevention, control and resolution of both internal and external crisis situations, as well as the procedures and tactics of action associated with these actions. This approach is a practical reflection, based exclusively on the national legislation of the Republic of Moldova, which needs to be undertaken immediately, regarding the need to create an integrated system, at national level, of interministerial and inter-agency crisis management, under a leadership unique, able to ensure timely and uniform management of crises at the national level, as well as their management at the international level, if necessary.
Diaspora Remittances, Renewable Energy
and Enterprise Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Ojapinwa Victor T. , Lawani Dami
Published: July 2022

While sizeable research have been carried out on the role of diaspora remittances on economic growth and
other social-economic factors, not many studies have linked diaspora remittances and entrepreneurship
development. Even studies that have linked diaspora remittances and entrepreneurship development
excluded the role of renewable energy investment. This is in spite of the argument that renewable energy is
major channel by which entrepreneurship activities can lead to job creation as a result of increase in
demand in the a competitive market. This study examined the impact of diaspora remittances and
renewable energy investment while allowing for change in enterprise growth in Nigeria from 1990 to
2020. The study reported three main findings. Firstly, diaspora remittances have positive relationship
with enterprise growth but lack significance in all forms. Secondly, renewable energy has positive
relationship with enterprise growth but lost its significance at all levels. Again, the marginal impact of
diaspora remittances on enterprise growth is not increasing with the level of renewable energy development
adopted. This implies that diaspora remittances have not contributed to improved enterprise growth in
Nigeria because the phenomenon is not expended on renewable energy development.
Investigating the Efficiency of Indonesian
Employee Pension Funds
Authors: Seran Pascalis , Sucahyo Usil Sis , Atahau Apriani Dorkas Rambu , Supramono Supramono
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the performance of Indonesian employee pension funds based on technical and
scale efficiencies. Our sample is 40 Indonesian pension funds in the 2011-2017 period, resulting in 280
firm-year observations. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to measure pension funds’ efficiency
levels. The results show Indonesian employee pension funds generally cannot operate efficiently. However,
based on their size, large pension funds exhibit better technical efficiency levels than small pension funds.
Conversely, small pension funds perform better in scale efficiency. Other findings document that, from the
ownership perspective, state-owned enterprise (SOE) pension funds exhibit better technical efficiency levels
than non-SOE ones. This study also proposes the managers of Indonesian employee pension need to improve
their pension fund performance by reducing operational and investment costs and engaging in greater
investment diversification.
Kendali Genetik Stay Greenness dan Hasil serta Identifikasi Segregan Transgresif pada Empat Populasi F2 Sorgum
Authors: Munarti  , Wirnas Desta , Trikoesoemaningtyas  , Muhamad Syukur  , Sobir  , Didy Sopandie
Published: July 2022

Karakter stay greenness pada sorgum berkaitan dengan kemampuan mempertahankan kehijauan daun dan laju fotosintesis pada kondisi cekaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi kendali genetik karakter agronomi, stay greenness serta identifikasi segregan transgresif empat populasi F2 sorgum. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan bulan Februari sampai Mei 2020 di Kebun Percobaan IPB University Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, dengan ketinggian 250 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah populasi Numbu x Samurai 2, Kawali x Pahat, Kawali x B69, Super 2 x PI-150-20-A, dan tujuh genotipe tetuanya. Setiap populasi terdiri atas 300 tanaman F2 dan masing-masing tetua sebanyak 60 tanaman. Pendugaan kendali genetik berdasarkan nilai skewness dan kurtosis. Identifikasi segregan transgresif menggunakan karakter terpilih berdasarkan nilai parameter genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter bobot biji per tanaman dikendalikan banyak gen aditif pada populasi Numbu x Samurai 2 dan Kawali x Pahat, sedangkan karakter stay greenness pada semua populasi dikendalikan banyak gen aditif. Semua karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas sedang sampai tinggi. Delapan belas individu dari persilangan Kawali x B69 dan Super 2 x PI-150-20-A diduga sebagai segregan transgresif berdasarkan karakter bobot biji per tanaman dan stay greenness. Segregan yang diperoleh digalurkan dengan menerapkan metode pedigree.

Kata kunci: aksi gen, aditif, indeks transgresif, keragaman genetik
Respon Morfologi dan Fisiologi Lima Varietas Padi pada Pemberian Pupuk Organik Diperkaya Mikroba
Authors: Adwiyani Pustika , Sugiyanta  , Maya Melati  , Titi Candra Sunarti
Published: July 2022

Pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba sebagai sumber bahan organik tanah berperan menjaga kesuburan lahan dan produktivitas tanaman. Beragam varietas memiliki respon yang berbeda pada pemupukan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari respon morfologi dan fisiologi lima varietas padi pada pemberian pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2020 sampai dengan Januari 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Percobaan dilakukan dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan petak utama adalah empat dosis pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba yaitu 0, 10, 20, dan 30 ton ha-1 dan anak petak adalah lima varietas padi yaitu IPB 3S (padi tipe baru), Inpari 24 (inbrida beras merah), Hipa 18 (hibrida), Inpari 32 (varietas unggul baru), dan Tarabas (japonica). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tajuk, kehijauan daun, jumlah gabah total per malai, dan anakan produktif. Produktivitas gabah yang dihasilkan setelah pemberian 10 hingga 30 ton ha-1 pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba meningkat sebesar 12.91% hingga 32.5%. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba hingga 30 ton ha-1 masih dapat meningkatkan produktivitas gabah per hektar, sehingga dosis optimal penggunaan pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba belum dapat ditentukan.

Kata kunci: hibrida, kehijauan daun, mikroba, serapan hara, varietas unggul baru
Volume Change Measurement of Collapsible Soil Stabilized with Lime and Waste Lime
Authors: Al-Juari Khawla A.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a series of laboratory tests to evaluate the effects of lime and waste lime on the volume change and strength characteristics of moderately collapsible soil selected from Al-Rashidia in Mosul city. The tests are performed at different percentages of lime and waste lime of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0% by dry weight of soil. One dimensional compression tests are conducted to clarify the influences of relative compaction, compaction water content, vertical stress level and curing time on the volume change and strength characteristics. The results of this study indicated a decrease in the plasticity, swelling potential and swelling pressure of treated soil. The soil became non-plastic at (3&6)% of lime and waste lime respectively. Swelling pressure and swelling potential reached to zero at 2% lime and 2&7 days of curing time. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reached to maximum value at optimum stabilizers content. The UCS of lime treated soil is more than that treated by waste lime at different curing time. The collapse index and potential of treated soil are found less than that of natural soil and decrease with increasing stabilizer content until drop to zero at 2% lime. Collapsing increased continuously with applied stresses, but with curing time reached a maximum value at 2 day. On the other hand, collapsing of treated soil with lime is less than that of waste lime treated soil at different curing time and stresses.
Use of Crushed Bricks as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Kallak Fadia S.
Published: July 2022

The investigation reported in this paper is carried out to study the feasibility of using crushed bricks to substitute the coarse aggregate (gravel) in concrete. Two types of concrete mixing are prepared. The first one is a mixture of 1:2:4 without crushed bricks and is used as a reference mixture .The second one is made of different weight of crushed bricks (as a percentage from the weight of the coarse aggregate). A total of 30 numbers of concrete specimens are casted with and without crushed bricks and tested under compression and split tension as per relevant to British standard specifications. Test results indicated that using crushed bricks reduces the strength of concrete. Also, the percentage of water to cement ratio increases for constant slump when the percentage of crushed bricks increased.
Effect of Tooth Geometry on Gear Pump Performance
Authors: Saleem Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the capability to use unstandard gears and their effect on the performance of the gear pumps are investigated. These effects include pump flow rate, trapped volume between two meshing gears, and pulsation flow rate factor. Equations for the pump flow rate are derived and a computer program has been written to evaluate all parameters and performance. The gear used in this work is unstandard one with correction factor of (+ 0.5). The simulation results showed that the theoretical flow rate increases when unstandard gears are used. Results showed also that the trapped volume and pulsation flow rate factor are reduced when unstandard gears are used.
PdCu Electrocatalysts for Selective and Stable Nitrate Reduction to Nitrogen
Authors: Lim Jeonghoon , Chen Yu , Cullen David , Lee Seung Woo , Senftle Thomas , Hatzell Marta
Published: July 2022

Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate in waste can enable efficient waste remediation (NO3- to N3) or waste valorization (NO3- to NH4+) depending on the selectivity of the catalyst. Palladium and copper electrocatalysts typically exhibit exceptional nitrate and nitrite binding properties, allowing for effective destruction of nitrate. However, rational steering of selectivity through material design remains a critical challenge for PdCu electrocatalyst. Here, we use the electrochemical underpotential deposition method to synthesize palladium nanocube electrocataysts with controlled copper surface coverage (e.g. partial and full copper coatings). We then examine the potential for NO3- destruction (conversion) and catalyst selectivity. We identify that partial copper-coated Pd nanocubes effectively facilitate the reduction of 95% of NO3-. Partial surface coverage of copper also allows exposure of Pd(100) surface facets, allowing selective reduction of NO3- to N3 with 89% selectivity over 20 consecutive cycles (80 hours). Complete copper-covered Pd nanocubes effectively facilitate the reduction of 98.8% of NO3-. Complete coverage of copper also prevented exposure of Pd surfaces (100), promoting selective reduction of NO2- to NH4+ with a 70% selectivity over 20 consecutive cycles (80 hours). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that NO3- and NO2- can easily be reduced to NO* on the Cu surface (100). The adsorbed NO* then migrates favorably from the Cu(100) surface to the Pd(100) surface, where NO* is hydrogenated to form an NOH* intermediate that readily dissociates to generate N*. N* can then be coupled with NO* on the surface of Pd (100) with high NO* coverage to form N2O*, which is the precursor intermediate for N2 formation.
Accurate Modeling of Bromide and Iodide Hydration with Data-Driven Many-Body Potentials
Authors: Caruso Alessandro , Zhu Xuanyu , Paesani Francesco
Published: July 2022

Ion–water interactions play a central role in determining the properties of aqueous systems in a wide range of environments. However, a quantitative understanding of how the hydration properties of ions evolve from small aqueous clusters to bulk solutions and interfaces remains elusive. Here, we introduce the second generation of data-driven many-body energy (MB- nrg) potential energy functions (PEFs) representing bromide–water and iodide–water interactions. The MB-nrg PEFs use permutationally invariant polynomials to reproduce two-body and three-body energies calculated at the coupled cluster level of theory, and implicitly represent all higher-body energies using classical many-body polarization. A systematic analysis of the hydration structure of small Br−(H2O)n and I−(H2O)n clusters demonstrates that the MB-nrg PEFs predict interaction energies in quantitative agreement with “gold standard” coupled cluster reference values. Importantly, when used in molecular dynamics simulations carried out in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble for single bromide and iodide ions in liquid water, the MB-nrg PEFs predict extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra that accurately reproduce the experimental spectra, which thus allows for characterizing the hydration structure of the two ions with high level of confidence.
UNIVERSIDADE BRASILEIRA E EPISTEMOLOGIAS DESCOLONIZADAS: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ENSINO COM UMA COMUNIDADE NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS, BRASIL
Authors: Bessa Sônia , Guedes Cristiano
Published: July 2022

A Chapada dos Veadeiros, no estado de Goiás, um local de difícil acesso com serras, morros e encostas íngremes, foi abrigo para escravos que fugiam. Esses escravos e seus descendentes foram se estabelecendo pelas serras em volta dos rios, das encostas e dos vales, que chamavam de “vãos”. Assim foi se formando a comunidade Kalunga. Este artigo relata a experiência de um Encontro de Saberes entre 33 estudantes universitários de Pedagogia e a comunidade quilombola Kalunga do Vão do Moleque, em Goiás, em 2018. Com base em relatos e registros desse evento acadêmico, que combinou ensino, pesquisa e extensão, verificou-se um proveitoso diálogo entre os conhecimentos acadêmicos e os saberes quilombolas, abordando-se as dimensões étnico-racial, política, historiográfica, pedagógica e epistemológica. Saberes quilombolas, com suas ciências e cosmologias, são fundamentais para o ensino com diversidade epistemológica. O Encontro de Saberes pode promover a descolonização do modelo de conhecimento segmentado, fragmentado e eurocêntrico ainda predominante nas universidades brasileiras.