bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of heart failure on the clinical course and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. Results of the Cardio‐COVID‐Italy multicentre study
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Lombardi Carlo M. , Tedino Chiara , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Ameri Pietro , Barbieri Lucia , Bellasi Antonio , Camporotondo Rita , Canale Claudia , Carubelli Valentina , Carugo Stefano , Catagnano Francesco , Dalla Vecchia Laura A. , Danzi Gian Battista , Di Pasquale Mattia , Gaudenzi Margherita , Giovinazzo Stefano , Gnecchi Massimiliano , Iorio Annamaria , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Leonardi Sergio , Maccagni Gloria , Mapelli Massimo , Margonato Davide , Merlo Marco , Monzo Luca , Mortara Andrea , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Piepoli Massimo , Porto Italo , Pozzi Andrea , Sarullo Filippo , Sinagra Gianfranco , Volterrani Maurizio , Zaccone Gregorio , Guazzi Marco , Senni Michele , Metra Marco
Published: November 2020

Aims

To assess the prognostic value of a history of heart failure (HF) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods and results

We enrolled 692 consecutive patients admitted for COVID‐19 in 13 Italian cardiology centres between 1 March and 9 April 2020. Mean age was 67.4 ± 13.2 years, 69.5% of patients were males, 90 (13.0%) had a history of HF, median hospitalization length was 14 days (interquartile range 9–24). In‐hospital death occurred in 37 of 90 patients (41.1%) with HF history vs. 126 of those with no HF history (20.9%). The increased risk of death associated with HF history remained significant after adjustment for clinical variables related to COVID‐19 and HF severity, including comorbidities, oxygen saturation, lymphocyte count and plasma troponin [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death: 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–4.02; P = 0.006 at multivariable Cox regression model including 404 patients]. Patients with a history of HF also had more in‐hospital complications including

acute HF (33.3% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001), acute renal failure (28.1% vs. 12.9%, P < 0.001), multiorgan failure (15.9% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.004) and sepsis (18.4% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.006). Other independent predictors of outcome were age, sex, oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure at arterial gas analysis/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2). In‐hospital treatment with corticosteroids and heparin had beneficial effects (adjusted HR for death: 0.46; 95% CI 0.29–0.74; P = 0.001; n = 404 for corticosteroids, and adjusted HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.25–0.67; P < 0.001; n = 364 for heparin).

Conclusions

Hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and a history of HF have an extremely poor outcome with higher mortality and in‐hospital complications. HF history is an independent predictor of increased in‐hospital mortality.
Autonomous dishwasher loading from cluttered trays using pre‐trained deep neural networks
Authors: Voysey Isobel , George Thuruthel Thomas , Iida Fumiya
Published: November 2020

Autonomous dishwasher loading is a benchmark problem in robotics that highlights the challenges of robotic perception, planning, and manipulation in an unstructured environment. Current approaches resort to a specialized solution, however, these technologies are not viable in a domestic setting. Learning‐based solutions seem promising for a general purpose solutions; however, they require large amounts of catered data to be applied in real‐world scenarios. This article presents a novel learning‐based solution without a training phase using pre‐trained object detection networks. By developing a perception, planning, and manipulation framework around an off‐the‐shelf object detection network, we are able to develop robust pick‐and‐place solutions that are easy to develop and general purpose requiring only a RGB feedback and a pinch gripper. Analysis of a real‐world canteen tray data is first performed and used for developing our in‐lab experimental setup. Our results obtained from real‐world scenarios indicate that such approaches are highly desirable for plug‐and‐play domestic applications with limited calibration. All the associated data and code of this work are shared in a public repository.
On the border between land and water: The environmental conditions of the Neolithic occupation from 4.3 until 1.6 ka BC at Serteya, Western Russia
Authors: Kittel Piotr , Mazurkevich Andrey , Wieckowska‐Lüth Magda , Pawłowski Dominik , Dolbunova Ekaterina , Płóciennik Mateusz , Gauthier Emilie , Krąpiec Marek , Maigrot Yolaine , Danger Maxime , Mroczkowska Agnieszka , Okupny Daniel , Szmańda Jacek , Thiebaut Eva , Słowiński Michał
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of a palaeoecological study of Neolithic archaeological layers from a wetland, multilayer site, Serteya II (Western Russia). It contains, domestic structures, rich organic artefacts, skeletons, and ecofacts preserved within lacustrine deposits that are extremely important on a European scale. We employed a set of specialised palaeoecological analyses and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating to identify the principal environmental conditions which attracted Neolithic hunter‐fisher‐gatherer communities from 4300 to 1600 cal. BC. The distinct impact of communities using a nonproductive economy on the ecology of the palaeolake shore zone was recorded. Also, palaeolake water level changes influenced the palaeoeconomic activity of local Neolithic societies, such as gathering of plants (for the medicinal use or serving as dietary components), fishing activities, and possible funeral practices. In addition, the identified phases of high‐water level changes, which were responses to climatic oscillations, were correlated with supraregional climatic events, especially ca. 6.2, 5.9, and 4.2 ka cal. BP. Thus, our results allowed for the reconstruction of environment transformations and conditions of Neolithic communities' activity, as well as for a better understanding of the relationships between local Neolithic communities' way of life and neolithisation processes in Eastern Europe.
Geoarchaeological framework of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene sites in the Aucilla River Basin, Northwest Florida, USA
Authors: Halligan Jessi J.
Published: November 2020

The karstic Aucilla River of Northwest Florida is renowned for its well‐preserved late Pleistocene cultural material and Rancholabrean fauna. Much of this material was recovered by avocational SCUBA divers from displaced contexts in mid‐channel sinkholes, but underwater excavations into sediment banks on sink margins have demonstrated that faunal material and early artifacts can be recovered in situ from inundated terrestrial strata that contain dateable organics and microfossils useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Underwater environmental data document the transition of Aucilla River localities from isolated spring‐fed ponds into an inter‐connected fluvial system due to rising sea levels and climate amelioration with several major periods of sinkhole infilling during the late Quaternary. Late Pleistocene components on land are largely absent or are undateable; these components, located in a subtropical cypress swamp in shallow clay‐rich soils, tend to be less well‐preserved, but still contain a rich record of human use on the landscape.
Point Shear-Wave Elastography Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging for the Prediction of Liver-Related Events in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Sampere Lisa Hernandez , Vermehren Johannes , Mücke Victoria T. , Graf Christiana , Peiffer Kai-Henrik , Dultz Georg , Zeuzem Stefan , Waidmann Oliver , Filmann Natalie , Bojunga Joerg , Sarrazin Christoph , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Mücke Marcus M.
Published: November 2020

Chronic viral hepatitis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our study shows good comparability of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and transient elastography. pSWE is a promising tool for the prediction of liver-related events in patients with viral hepatitis, particularly in patients with cHCV.

Chronic viral hepatitis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for the prediction of the following liver-related events (LREs): new diagnosis of HCC, liver transplantation, or liver-related death (hepatic decompensation was not included as an LRE). pSWE was performed at study inclusion and compared with liver histology, transient elastography (TE), and serologic biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, Fibrosis-4, FibroTest). The performance of pSWE and TE to predict LREs was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and a Cox proportional-hazards regression model. A total of 254 patients with a median follow-up of 78 months were included in the study. LRE occurred in 28 patients (11%) during follow-up. In both patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV), pSWE showed significant correlations with noninvasive tests and TE, and median pSWE and TE values were significantly different between patients with LREs and patients without LREs (both P < 0.0001). In patients with HCV, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for pSWE and TE to predict LREs were comparable: 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.747-0.969) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.737-0.967) (P = 0.93). In Cox regression analysis, pSWE independently predicted LREs in all patients with HCV (hazard ratio, 17.9; 95% CI, 5.21-61-17; P < 0.0001) and those who later received direct-acting antiviral therapy (hazard ratio, 17.11; 95% CI, 3.88-75.55; P = 0.0002). Conclusion: Our study shows good comparability between pSWE and TE. pSWE is a promising tool for the prediction of LREs in patients with viral hepatitis, particularly those with chronic HCV. Further studies are needed to confirm our data and assess their prognostic value in other liver diseases.
Network security and user abnormal behavior detection by using deep neural network
Authors: Pan Yun
Published: November 2020

In the big data network environment, because traditional user abnormal behavior detection methods cannot meet the needs of massive data detection, it cannot quickly respond to constantly updated abnormal behaviors and malware, and does not consider user behavior management. The accuracy of abnormal detection and stability are insufficient. By combining with network traffic analysis technology, this paper propose a custom user abnormal behavior detection model based on deep neural networks which implements fine‐grained analysis of network traffic and customizes user behavior management settings to enable user abnormal detection to meet the requirements of specific network environments. The custom user abnormal behavior detection model uses the data of network traffic analysis as the input vector of the deep neural network algorithm to detect unknown abnormal behaviors in massive data and implement custom user behavior management. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy, can effectively implement custom user behavior management, and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional user abnormal behavior detection methods.
Prenatal diagnosis of Kagami‐Ogata syndrome
Authors: Molinet Coll Cristina , Sabrià Bach Joan , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Alarcón Allen Ana , Monk David , Gómez del Rincón Olga , Milà Recasens Montserrat , Martínez Crespo Josep Maria
Published: November 2020

Kagami‐Ogata syndrome (KOS14) is a rare congenital disorder associated with defective genomic imprinting of the chromosome 14q32 domain. Typical features include polyhydramnios, small and bell‐shaped thorax, coat‐hanger ribs, dysmorphic facial features, abdominal wall defects, placentomegaly, severe postnatal respiratory distress and intellectual disability. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first case where ultrasound findings such as: severe polyhydramnios, a small bell‐shaped thorax, a protuberant abdomen and characteristic dysmorphic face prompted directed family interrogation finally leading to the prenatal diagnosis of KOS14.
Does Q‐MIX pretreatment improve the dentin bond durability of a two‐step self‐etch adhesive?
Authors: Tuncer Safa , Tekçe Neslihan , Demirci Mustafa , Kara Tuncer Aysun , Baydemir Canan
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze and assess the effects of three particular dentin pretreatment solutions on the bond durability of a two‐step self‐etch adhesive (Optibond XTR) applied to dentin after ageing for 2 years. Thirty‐five third molars which were extracted (n = 5 for μTBS, n = 2 for nanoleakage) were divided into five groups: Group 1:Control (no pretreatment), Group 2:17% EDTA, Group 3:2% CHX, Group 4:17% EDTA plus 2% CHX, Group 5: Q‐Mix. After the pretreatments of dentin, the dentin adhesive was applied as per the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Half of the specimens were subjected to μTBS tests for 24 hr, while the remaining half were subjected to the tests after being kept for 2 years in water storage. Also, nanoleakage was evaluated with FE‐SEM by examining silver nitrate deposits. The data obtained were evaluated using a two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey Post Hoc test. The dentin pretreatments did not affect the 24 hr and 2 years μTBS values for OptiBond XTR. At 24 hr, the EDTA + CHX group (50.3 ± 4.9) showed that the highest μTBS value was obtained. Water ageing significantly reduced the μTBS results and after 2 years the highest μTBS value was obtained from the Q‐Mix group (37.7 ± 5.2). Different dentin pretreatments do not alter the 24‐hr μTBS and were not able to preserve the bond strength after 2 years of ageing. Q‐Mix was able to slow down the regression in the strength of the dentin bond as well as nanoleakage over time.
Anxiety Sensitivity Prospectively Predicts Increased Acute Posttraumatic Stress and Related Symptoms After Sexual Assault
Authors: Short Nicole A. , Lechner Megan , Bell Kathy , Black Jenny , Buchanan Jennie , Ho Jeffrey , Reed Gordon , Corzine Amanda , Riviello Ralph , Martin Sandra L. , Liberzon Israel , Rauch Sheila , McLean Samuel A.
Published: November 2020

Anxiety sensitivity is a potential risk factor for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and has been hypothesized to contribute to PTSS development. However, few prospective studies have evaluated whether anxiety sensitivity predicts PTSS. In a subsample of 48 women sexual assault survivors enrolled as part of a larger prospective observational study, elevated anxiety sensitivity measured via a brief assessment 1 week after experiencing a sexual assault was concurrently associated with PTSS at 1 week and prospectively predicted PTSS 6 weeks after the event, with small‐to‐medium effect sizes, η2p = .10, even after covarying for trauma history. Heightened anxiety sensitivity at 1‐week postevent also interacted with time to predict anxiety and depression both before and after sexual assault, with medium‐to‐large effect sizes, ηp2 = .21– .24. This is consistent with research linking anxiety sensitivity to PTSS, but this was the first prospective study of which we are aware to demonstrate that anxiety sensitivity in the acute posttrauma period predicts PTSS among women who have recently experienced sexual assault. Future research should use the full Anxiety Sensitivity Index to replicate findings in a larger sample and explore whether targeting anxiety sensitivity could mitigate the development of PTSS in this vulnerable population.
Evaluation of the Scan Duration and Mechanical and Thermal Indices Applied for the Diagnostic Ultrasound Examinations
Authors: Fatahi Asl Jafar , Farzanegan Zahra , Tahmasbi Marziyeh , Birgani Shadab Moradi , Malekzade Mehrnaz , Yazdaninejad Hamid
Published: November 2020

Objective

Although epidemiological studies have failed to show the harmful effects of ultrasound in humans, as a form of energy, ultrasound has the potential to cause bio‐effects in tissues. Therefore, clinical guidelines have been established for ultrasound technology related to human safety, which include Thermal (TI) and mechanical (MI) indices. The appropriate TI and MI ranges for embryonic examinations are between 0–1.0 and 0–0.4, respectively. The accepted TI and MI ranges are 0–2.0 and 0–1.9, respectively, for general ultrasound examinations. In addition, the scan duration should be kept as low as possible. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the scan duration, TI, and MI as measures of acoustic output during ultrasound studies.

Methods

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted for patients undergoing pregnancy checkups, routine checkups, and initial diagnosis ultrasound examinations. Samples were selected from imaging departments of 4 educational hospitals based on convenience sampling and 321 checklists completed by direct observation of ultrasound examinations.

Results

For pregnancy scans, the mean TI and MI were obtained as 0.32 ± 0.27 and 1.15 ± 0.13, respectively. For non‐pregnancy examinations, the mean value of TI and MI were 0.30 ± 0.29 and 1.07 ± 0.35, respectively. Therefore, mean TI for pregnancy and non‐pregnancy examinations and mean MI for non‐pregnancy studies obtained lower than the permitted values, while the mean MI was higher than the permitted level for first trimester of pregnancy. Also, relatively suitable scan durations were seen in reviewed studies.

Conclusion

From this study, it may be concluded that the reported ultrasound scans were safe.
Hybrid/Integrated Silicon Photonics Based on 2D Materials in Optical Communication Nanosystems
Authors: You Jie , Luo Yukun , Yang Jie , Zhang Jianghua , Yin Ke , Wei Ke , Zheng Xin , Jiang Tian
Published: November 2020

Silicon (Si) photonics have established as leading technologies in addressing the rapidly increasing demands of huge data transfer in optical communication systems with compact footprints, small power consumption, and ultradense bandwidth, which are driven by the next generation supercomputers and big data era. Particularly, Si photonics will penetrate into optical communication links at an ever‐small scale, namely chip‐to‐chip and on‐chip. However, the nanostructures made of Si with an indirect bandgap are not ideal candidates for on‐chip light sources, modulators, and photodetectors, which most‐frequently require optical materials with direct bandgap. Thanks to the advent of graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and other two‐dimensional (2D) materials, which can facilitate extraordinary progresses in improving device performance at the ultrathin scale, their integration with Si photonics furnishes a heterogeneous platform to construct fully functional and highly integrated photonic communication systems. In this work, the current advancements in the on‐chip applications of Si photonics‐2D materials heterostructures, inclusive of all essential chip‐scale modules and integrated circuits, as well as the future prospective and challenges are reviewed and discussed. The present study sets out to objectively measure the feasibility of the hybrid integration between Si photonics and 2D materials in on‐chip optical communications and the advanced applications beyond.
CG‐SENSE revisited: Results from the first ISMRM reproducibility challenge
Authors: Maier Oliver , Baete Steven Hubert , Fyrdahl Alexander , Hammernik Kerstin , Harrevelt Seb , Kasper Lars , Karakuzu Agah , Loecher Michael , Patzig Franz , Tian Ye , Wang Ke , Gallichan Daniel , Uecker Martin , Knoll Florian
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The aim of this work is to shed light on the issue of reproducibility in MR image reconstruction in the context of a challenge. Participants had to recreate the results of “Advances in sensitivity encoding with arbitrary k‐space trajectories" by Pruessmann et al.

Methods

The task of the challenge was to reconstruct radially acquired multicoil k‐space data (brain/heart) following the method in the original paper, reproducing its key figures. Results were compared to consolidated reference implementations created after the challenge, accounting for the two most common programming languages used in the submissions (Matlab/Python).

Results

Visually, differences between submissions were small. Pixel‐wise differences originated from image orientation, assumed field‐of‐view, or resolution. The reference implementations were in good agreement, both visually and in terms of image similarity metrics.

Discussion and Conclusion

While the description level of the published algorithm enabled participants to reproduce CG‐SENSE in general, details of the implementation varied, for example, density compensation or Tikhonov regularization. Implicit assumptions about the data lead to further differences, emphasizing the importance of sufficient metadata accompanying open datasets. Defining reproducibility quantitatively turned out to be nontrivial for this image reconstruction challenge, in the absence of ground‐truth results. Typical similarity measures like NMSE of SSIM were misled by image intensity scaling and outlier pixels. Thus, to facilitate reproducibility, researchers are encouraged to publish code and data alongside the original paper. Future methodological papers on MR image reconstruction might benefit from the consolidated reference implementations of CG‐SENSE presented here, as a benchmark for methods comparison.
Determinants of cough and caregivers' quality of life in pediatric asthma exacerbations
Authors: Teoh Laurel , Chatfield Mark D. , Acworth Jason P. , McCallum Gabrielle B. , Chang Anne B.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

In hospitalized and nonhospitalized children with asthma exacerbations, we evaluated the determinants of (a) prolonged cough on day‐14 and (b) asthma quality of life (QoL) questionnaires for parents (PACQLQ) on day‐21. We hypothesized that children with more severe acute asthma are more likely to have prolonged cough and/or poorer PACQLQ during the recovery phase.

Design

Prospective cohort study performed during 2009–2011.

Methodology

Two hundred and forty‐four children aged 2–16 years presenting with acute asthma to the Emergency Departments of two hospitals were recruited. Clinical history, examination, baseline asthma severity, and acute asthma severity on presentation were documented. Validated daily cough diaries and weekly PACQLQ were recorded for 14 and 21 days, respectively.

Results

34.4% and 32.2% of children who returned the daytime and nighttime cough diaries respectively had a prolonged cough. Those on regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were significantly more likely to have a daytime or nighttime cough score of ≥1 on day‐14 (odds ratio [ORadjusted] = 4.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65, 13.35, p = .004 and ORadjusted = 2.65, 95% CI 1.05, 6.69, p = .040, respectively). PACQLQ on day‐21 was significantly poorer in younger children (mean difference [MD] = −0.04 per year, 95% CI −0.08, −0.01, p = .016), those on ICS (MD = −0.31, 95% CI −0.52, −0.09, p = .005), leukotriene antagonists (MD = −0.42, 95% CI −0.83, −0.02, p = .040) and in those who had an unplanned visit for asthma on day‐21 (MD = −1.20, 95% CI −1.61, −0.78, p = .0001).

Conclusions

Post an acute asthma exacerbation, children on regular ICS were more likely to have prolonged cough and poorer QoL. While this may be reflective of asthma severity or control, its association deserves further evaluation.
Neotypification ofPandanus odorifer, the correct name forP. odoratissimus(Pandanaceae)
Authors: Callmander Martin W. , Gallaher Timothy J. , McNeill John , Beentje Henk , Nadaf Altafhusain B. , Middleton David J. , Buerki Sven
Published: November 2020

Pandanus odorifer(Pandanaceae) is an economically important species distributed on coasts from India and Sri Lanka to South China through tropical Asian countries.Pandanus odoratissimushas been widely used as the accepted name for the species, butP. odoratissimusis in reality a superfluous and illegitimate name. No original material ofP. odoriferhas been traced, and a neotype is designated here for that name.
Comparison and evolutionary analysis of Brassica nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) genes and importance for disease resistance breeding
Authors: Zhang Yueqi , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: November 2020

The Brassica genus contains many agriculturally significant oilseed and vegetable crops, however the crop yield is threatened by a range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Nucleotide Binding Site Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) genes play important roles in plant innate immunity. The evolution of NLR genes is influenced by genomic processes and pathogen selection. At the whole genome level, whole genome duplications (WGDs) generate abundant gene copies, most of which are lost during genome fractionation. At sub‐genomic levels, some retained copies undergo duplication forming clusters which facilitate rapid evolution through recombination. The number, distribution and genetic variations of the NLR genes vary among Brassica species and within populations suggesting differential selection pressure exerted by pathogen populations throughout the evolutionary history. A study of the evolution of disease resistance genes in agriculturally important plants such as Brassicas helps gain insights into their function and inform the identification of resistance genes for breeding of resistant lines.
Selective Chlorination of Germanium Hydrides
Authors: Hafner Thomas , Torvisco Ana , Traxler Michael , Wolf Melanie , Uhlig Frank
Published: November 2020

Methods for the selective chlorination of organogermylhydrides are given by the selective functionalization of organogermylhydrides of types R3GeH, R2GeH2 and RGeH3 (R = alkyl, aryl). The use of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) allows the direct conversion of Ge‐H functions into their monochlorinated derivatives R2Ge(Cl)H and RGe(Cl)H2.
Consistent QFT description of non-standard neutrino interactions
Authors: Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín , Tabrizi Zahra
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Neutrino oscillations are precision probes of new physics. Apart from neutrino masses and mixings, they are also sensitive to possible deviations of low-energy interactions between quarks and leptons from the Standard Model predictions. In this paper we develop a systematic description of such non-standard interactions (NSI) in oscillation experiments within the quantum field theory framework. We calculate the event rate and oscillation probability in the presence of general NSI, starting from the effective field theory (EFT) in which new physics modifies the flavor or Lorentz structure of charged-current interactions between leptons and quarks. We also provide the matching between the EFT Wilson coefficients and the widely used simplified quantum-mechanical approach, where new physics is encoded in a set of production and detection NSI parameters. Finally, we discuss the consistency conditions for the standard NSI approach to correctly reproduce the quantum field theory result.
Holography and unitarity
Authors: Giddings Steven B.
Published: November 2020

Abstract

If holography is an equivalence between quantum theories, one might expect it to be described by a map that is a bijective isometry between bulk and boundary Hilbert spaces, preserving the hamiltonian and symmetries. Holography has been believed to be a property of gravitational (or string) theories, but not of non-gravitational theories; specifically Marolf has argued that it originates from the gauge symmetries and constraints of gravity. These observations suggest study of the assumed holographic map as a function of the gravitational coupling G. The zero coupling limit gives ordinary quantum field theory, and is therefore not necessarily expected to be holographic. This, and the structure of gravity at non-zero G, raises important questions about the full map. In particular, construction of a holographic map appears to require as input a solution of the nonperturbative analog of the bulk gravitational constraints, that is, the unitary bulk evolution. Moreover, examination of the candidate boundary algebra, including the boundary hamiltonian, reveals commutators that don’t close in the usual fashion expected for a boundary theory.
Erfolgreiche Behandlung einer chronischen Prurigo mit Dupilumab
Authors: Winkler Julia K. , Haenssle Holger A. , Enk Alexander , Toberer Ferdinand , Hartmann Martin
Published: November 2020

Chronische Prurigo ist durch anhaltenden Pruritus, teils einhergehend mit sekundären Kratzläsionen, gekennzeichnet. Die Abklärung der Genese ist von besonderem Stellenwert, wobei eine atopische Diathese häufig einen ätiologischen Faktor darstellt. Wir präsentieren einen Patienten mit chronischem Pruritus multifaktorieller Genese (atopische Diathese, chronische Niereninsuffizienz, Diabetes mellitus, Polyneuropathie). Nach multiplen erfolglosen Vortherapien behandelten wir den Patienten mit Dupilumab, worunter sich ein sehr positiver Erkrankungsverlauf mit deutlicher Besserung der Lebensqualität zeigte.
Sicherheitskultur in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Höppchen Isabel , Ullrich Charlotte , Wensing Michel , Poß-Doering Regina , Suda Arnold J.
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Krankenhäuser in Deutschland betreiben ein Risikomanagement, welches die Prävention und systematische Aufarbeitung unerwünschter Ereignisse unterstützen kann. Ein wichtiger Aspekt davon ist die Etablierung einer Sicherheitskultur. Die Erhebung der Sicherheitskultur findet im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher selten und fast ausschließlich durch quantitative Instrumente statt. Im Fachbereich Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie ist in Deutschland eine hohe Zahl an bestätigten Behandlungsfehlern und Risikoaufklärungsmängeln verzeichnet. Deshalb untersucht die vorliegende Studie die Sicherheitskultur in diesem Fachbereich.

Fragestellung

(I) Wie nehmen Ärzte der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie den Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen im klinischen Alltag wahr, und (II) was sind die relevanten Bestandteile einer Sicherheitskultur aus ärztlicher Perspektive?

Material und Methoden

Es wurden 14 Einzelinterviews mit Ärzten der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie geführt. Die Interviews wurden audioaufgezeichnet, transkribiert und anhand der Thematic Analysis nach Braun und Clarke und des Yorkshire Contributory Factors Framework analysiert. Zur Organisation der Daten wurde die Software MAXQDA verwendet.

Ergebnisse

Es konnte ein starker Einfluss der Führungskräfte auf den Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen im ärztlichen Team festgestellt werden. Von Chefärzten wurde erwartet, eine gute Sicherheitskultur vorbildhaft vorzuleben, da sie durch ihr Verhalten die Handlungsweisen des Teams in sicherheitsrelevanten Situationen beeinflussen.

Diskussion

Der Einbezug von Chefärzten in die Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Sicherheitskultur in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie sollte aufgrund der Bedeutsamkeit hierarchischer Strukturen in Betracht gezogen werden.
Pelvic organ prolapse after laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with vaginal hysterectomy: the POP-UP study
Authors: Vermeulen Carolien K. M. , Veen Joggem , Adang Caroline , van Leijsen Sanne A. L. , Coolen Anne-Lotte W. M. , Bongers Marlies Y.
Published: November 2020

Introduction and hypothesis

The objective was to review the long-term prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) after laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) compared with vaginal hysterectomy (VH).

Methods

An observational cohort study was conducted amongst women who underwent an LH or a VH for benign indications during the period 1996–2004: the POP-UP study. The prevalence of POP was inventoried by a questionnaire involving the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and a pelvic floor examination (POP-Q). Women were divided into groups based on route and indication of hysterectomy: LH, VH-1 (for nonprolapse), and VH-2 (prolapse).

Results

Four hundred and six of the 706 eligible patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 247 underwent POP-Q examination. Sixty-eight patients (17%) received treatment for prolapse; 8% LH, 10% VH-1, and 29% VH-2 (Chi-squared test, p < 0.001). The prevalence of vaginal vault prolapse (apical surgery or ≥ stage 2 at POP-Q) was 4.4% for LH and 5.8% for VH-1 (p = 0.707); and 23% for VH-2 (VH-2 versus others, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of prolapse ≥ stage 2 in any compartment was 62% (n = 153) in total and in 42% of the LH group, 51% of the VH-1 group, and 84% of the VH-2 group (Chi-squared test, p < 0.001). A symptomatic POP (anatomical POP ≥ stage 2 with bulging) was present in 11% of the population.

Conclusions

No difference was found in the prevalence of POP between LH and VH for nonprolapse indications. However, POP after VH for prolapse occurs more frequently than after hysterectomy for other indications.
Energy minimizing N-covering maps in two dimensions
Authors: Bevan Jonathan J. , Deane Jonathan H. B.
Published: November 2020

We show that theN-covering map, which in complex coordinates is given by$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}(z):=z \mapsto z^{N}/\sqrt{N}|z|^{N-1}$$uN(z):=z↦zN/N|z|N-1and whereNis a natural number, is a global minimizer of the Dirichlet energy$$\mathbb {D}(v)=\int _B |\nabla v(x)|^2 \, dx$$D(v)=∫B|∇v(x)|2dxwith respect to so-called inner and outer variations. An inner variation of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$uNis a map of the form$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}\circ \varphi $$uN∘φ, where$$\varphi $$φbelongs to the class$$\mathcal {A}(B):=\{\varphi \in H^1(B;\mathbb {R}^2): \ \det \nabla \varphi = 1 \ \text {a.e.}, \ \varphi \arrowvert _{\partial B}(x) = x\}$$A(B):={φ∈H1(B;R2):det∇φ=1a.e.,φ|∂B(x)=x}andBdenotes the unit ball in$$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2, while an outer variation of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$uNis a map of the form$$\phi \circ u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$ϕ∘uN, where$$\phi $$ϕbelongs to the class$$\mathcal {A}(B(0,1/\sqrt{N}))$$A(B(0,1/N)). The novelty of our approach to inner variations is to write the Dirichlet energy of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}\circ \varphi $$uN∘φin terms of the functional$$I(\psi ;N):= \int _{B} N |\psi _{_R}|^2 + \frac{1}{N} |\psi _\tau |^2 \, dy$$I(ψ;N):=∫BN|ψR|2+1N|ψτ|2dy, where$$\psi $$ψis a suitably defined inverse of$$\varphi $$φ, and$$\psi _{_R}$$ψRand$$\psi _{\tau }$$ψτare, respectively, the radial and angular weak derivatives of$$\psi $$ψ, and then to minimise$$I(\psi ;N)$$I(ψ;N)by considering a series of auxiliary variational problems of isoperimetric type. This approach extends to includep-growth functionals ($$p>1$$p>1) provided the class$$\mathcal {A}(B)$$A(B)is suitably adapted. When$$1<p<2$$1<p<2, this adaptation is delicate and relies on the deep results of Barchiesi et al. on the space they refer to in Barchiesi et al. (Arch Ration Mech Anal 224(2):743–816, 2017) as$$\mathcal {A}_p$$Ap. A technique due to Sivaloganthan and Spector (Arch Ration Mech Anal 196:363–394, 2010) can be applied to outer variations. We also show that there is a large class of variations of the form$$v=h\,\circ \,u_2\,\circ \,g$$v=h∘u2∘g, wherehandgare suitable measure-preserving maps, in which$$u_2$$u2is a local minimizer of the Dirichlet energy . The proof of this fact requires a careful calculation of the second variation of$$\mathbb {D}(v(\cdot ,\delta ))$$D(v(·,δ)), which quantity turns out to be non-negative in general and zero only when$$\mathbb {D}(v(\cdot ,\delta ))=\mathbb {D}(u_2)$$D(v(·,δ))=D(u2).
Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Li Tao , Wan Ting , Yao Xiaoqian , Qi Huihong , Chen Xuefeng , She Man , Hu Qianqian , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the time trend of axial length (AL) and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019.

Methods

This was a 7-year observational study of 985 four-year-old and 1059 five-year-old children in Shanghai. AL, horizontal and vertical corneal curvature, spherical equivalent (SE), and body height and weight were measured. Furthermore, a questionnaire was collected, including time outdoors and bad eyesight habits.

Results

In 4-year-old children, no significant difference was found in AL (P = 0.526), but significant differences were observed in SE (P = 0.001), horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.006), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.004), height (P < 0.001), and weight (P = 0.022) from 2013 to 2019. In 5-year-old children, no significant differences were found in AL (P = 0.304), SE (P = 0.200), or weight (P = 0.292), but significant differences were observed in horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.040), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.015), and height (P < 0.001) from 2013 to 2019. Multivariate analyses revealed that AL was mainly significantly associated with boys and time outdoors in the 4- and 5-year-old children.

Conclusions

The AL of 4- and 5-year-old children remained relatively stable in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between AL elongation and environmental risk factors.
LoRAS: an oversampling approach for imbalanced datasets
Authors: Bej Saptarshi , Davtyan Narek , Wolfien Markus , Nassar Mariam , Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: November 2020

The Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) is widely-used for the analysis of imbalanced datasets. It is known that SMOTE frequently over-generalizes the minority class, leading to misclassifications for the majority class, and effecting the overall balance of the model. In this article, we present an approach that overcomes this limitation of SMOTE, employing Localized Random Affine Shadowsampling (LoRAS) to oversample from an approximated data manifold of the minority class. We benchmarked our algorithm with 14 publicly available imbalanced datasets using three different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and compared the performance of LoRAS, SMOTE and several SMOTE extensions that share the concept of using convex combinations of minority class data points for oversampling with LoRAS. We observed that LoRAS, on average generates better ML models in terms of F1-Score and Balanced accuracy. Another key observation is that while most of the extensions of SMOTE we have tested, improve the F1-Score with respect to SMOTE on an average, they compromise on the Balanced accuracy of a classification model. LoRAS on the contrary, improves both F1 Score and the Balanced accuracy thus produces better classification models. Moreover, to explain the success of the algorithm, we have constructed a mathematical framework to prove that LoRAS oversampling technique provides a better estimate for the mean of the underlying local data distribution of the minority class data space.
Corporate taxes and high-quality entrepreneurship
Authors: Venâncio Ana , Barros Victor , Raposo Clara
Published: November 2020

We examine the impact of corporate taxation on entrepreneurship, using a quasi-natural experiment, which substantially reduced the corporate tax rate for start-ups located in inland municipalities in Portugal. Using a difference-in-differences approach and IV regression, we find that the tax reform increased firm entry and new firm job creation. The entrepreneurs who took advantage of this tax reform are relatively older, and are better-educated individuals. Their start-ups are relatively larger, more productive, and are more likely to survive the first 3 years. These findings suggest that corporate taxation is an imperative constraint for entrepreneurship, particularly for high-quality entrepreneurs. These better-educated individuals find it easier to overcome the hurdles of tax legislation and to make use of the opportunities created by a specific tax reform.
The MEFISTO and WPT Electric Field Sensors of the Plasma Wave Investigation on the BepiColombo Mio Spacecraft
Authors: Karlsson T. , Kasaba Y. , Wahlund J.-E. , Henri P. , Bylander L. , Puccio W. , Jansson S.-E. , Åhlen L. , Kallio E. , Kojima H. , Kumamoto A. , Lappalainen K. , Lybekk B. , Ishisaka K. , Eriksson A. , Morooka M.
Published: November 2020

This paper describes the design of MEFISTO (Mercury Electric Field In-Situ Tool) and WPT (Wire Probe Antenna) electric field sensors for Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) on the BepiColombo Mio spacecraft (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The two sensors will enable the first observations of electric fields, plasma waves and radio waves in and around the Hermean magnetosphere and exosphere. MEFISTO and WPT are dipole antennas with 31.6 m tip-to-tip length. Each antenna element has a spherical probe at each end of the wire (15 m length). They are extended orthogonally in the spin plane of the spacecraft and enable measurements of the electric field in the frequency range of DC to 10 MHz by the connection to two sets of receivers, EWO for a lower frequency range and SORBET for higher frequencies. In the initial operations after the launch (20 Oct. 2018), we succeeded to confirm the health of both antennas and to release the launch lock of the WPT. After Mercury orbit insertion planned at the end of 2025, both sensors will be fully deployed and activate full operations of the PWI electric field measurements.
On differences in substituent effects in substituted ethene and acetylene derivatives and their boranyl analogs
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław , Krygowski Tadeusz M.
Published: November 2020

This article is the first attempt to present different influence of substituent effects on double and triple bonds and, conversely, to present the impact of these bonds on the electronic structure of substituents. For this purpose, quantum-mechanical calculations were made for X-substituted derivatives of ethene and acetylene with 27 diverse substituents representing a wide spectrum of electronic properties, from strongly electron-accepting to strongly electron-donating ones. In addition to these systems, their boranyl derivatives are also investigated. It turns out that the Hammett substituent constants do not correctly describe changes in the CC bond length in any of the considered family of systems. However, the relationships with the CB bond length are significantly better. It is shown that the triple bond in acetylene derivatives is much more resistant to external perturbations than the double bond in the analogs containing an ethene unit. As a consequence, in acetylene derivatives, the substituent effects on CC bond length are about half of the substituent effects in ethene derivatives. We suggest that the observed lack of a clear linear correlation between the length of the CC triple bond in acetylene derivatives and the value of electron density on this bond is due to the disturbing additional interaction between the structure of the X substituent in thexyplane and theπbond being in the same plane in the acetylene unit—on the contrary, this interaction is not possible in ethene analogs.
Antiandrogene Behandlung von Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in der ambulanten Nachsorge
Authors: Voß Tatjana , Reichel Rebecca , Calvano Daniela
Published: November 2020

Die antiandrogene Behandlung von Menschen mit paraphilen Störungen, die Sexualstraftaten begangen haben, gilt inzwischen als Standard zur Reduktion ihres Rückfallrisikos. Oftmals ist die medikamentöse Behandlung eine Voraussetzung, dass eine sichere Entlassung aus dem 63iger Maßregelvollzug in ein stabiles Nachsorgesetting möglich ist. Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung weisen sowohl ein erhöhtes Risiko auf, Sexualstraftaten zu begehen, als auch ein erhöhtes einschlägiges Rückfallrisiko. Daher stellt auch für Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) eine möglicherweise langfristige antiandrogene Behandlung eine wichtige Option zur Reduktion von paraphilen Phantasien dar und reduziert eine entsprechende paraphile Ansprechbarkeit sicher und nachhaltig. Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert bei 8 Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung, die eine Sexualstraftat begangen haben, die Sicherstellung einer indizierten antiandrogenen Behandlung im ambulanten Setting im Rahmen eines Gesamtbehandlungsplans mit dem Schwerpunkt des Monitorings von unerwünschten Anwendungswirkungen.
Should Couch Potatoes Be Encouraged to Use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation?
Authors: Minerva Francesca
Published: November 2020

A very high percentage of the world population doesn’t exercise enough and, as a consequence, is at high risk of developing serious health conditions. Physical inactivity paired with a poor diet is the second cause of death in high income countries. In this paper, I suggest that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) holds promise for “couch potatoes” because it could be used to make them more active, without causing any major side-effect. I also argue that other, less safe, tools could be used to achieve the goal of decreasing physical inactivity, insofar as they have overall fewer side-effects than physical inactivity.
Erratum zu: Typen von Weiterbildungseinrichtungen – Überblick und Ausdifferenzierungen für die Programm- und Organisationsforschung
Authors: von Hippel Aiga , Stimm Maria
Published: November 2020

Ein Erratum zu dieser Publikation wurde veröffentlicht: 10.1007/s40955-020-00164-1
Biomass energy as a possibility for innovative agriculture initiatives
Authors: Pimenta Ribeiro Ana , Dalmolin Silvio
Published: November 2020

In searching for sustainable solutions for humans’ necessities, clean and safe energy possibilities have been pursued. The objective of this research is to develop a procedure that improves the integration of renewable technologies into local planning processes. The methodology should be suitable for different contexts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of energy production through agricultural waste, ensuring the sustainability and development of clean technologies, the ideal allocation of the energy production unit, and the costs involved in the enterprise. The research hypothesis is that the potential for sustainable use of biomass can be identified and evaluated, thus showing the way for an improved energy plan for Brazil. The study area is within the Doce River Basin in Brazil. The methods developed in the study could be relevant for municipalities to record their potentials for energy production and pursue investments and local arrangements, promoting sustainable biomass energy generation. The results show that with proper investment, the energy generation through biomass residues could be viable and pay itself in a short amount of time, moreover in a scenario where the agricultural area is increased, growing the power generation capacity of a biomass power plant. The current agricultural production would cover 20% of the local energy demand.
Lightweight rigidly foldable canopy using composite materials
Authors: Ando Kensuke , Izumi Bunji , Shigematsu Mizuki , Tamai Hiroki , Matsuo Jun , Mizuta Yuki , Miyata Takeshi , Sadanobu Jiro , Suto Kai , Tachi Tomohiro
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a novel origami-based portable deployable canopy system developed using fiber reinforced plastics. A modular system composed of multiple developable strips is proposed to provide a one degree-of-freedom deployment motion from a flat-folded state to a fully deployed state. Each strip is comprised of panels with embedded compliant hinges whose pattern is created in a planar configuration through the laying out of prepreg composite sheets and multi-step curing. The design process of a canopy using this system is demonstrated herein. To capture the complex behaviors and functionality, the design process involves developing different analytical models for each step starting with a simplified model and ending with a refined model. In this case, we defined a parametric design family from rigid origami theory and determined preliminary design parameters through a multi-objective optimization (MOO) scheme in order to balance performance against manufacturing constraints. We then applied geometric nonlinear analyses to assess the kinematic behaviors of the folding actions and also the buckling behavior of the structure in its deployed state. The analyses indicated the need for stability improvement, provided using tension elements. The structure was divided into developable parts that can be manufactured in a planar state. With a total mass of 27 kg, the system can be carried by two or three persons and deployed within a minute.