bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of Pakistani children
Authors: Khan Sabeen Abid , Khan Anusha , Malik Munir Iqbal
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Primary hypertriglyceridemia is a rare condition in children. Hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis is most commonly reported in adults, accounting for third most common cause after gallstones and alcohol consumption. The study aims to highlight the frequency of hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of children presenting in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

A retrospective review of paediatric patients with pancreatitis was conducted in Shifa International hospital, Islamabad, from 2013 to 2020. All patients under 18 years of age who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Medical records of patients were checked for symptoms, signs, age, growth parameters and laboratory investigations. Patients who had HTG were reviewed in detail for family history of pancreatitis or dyslipidemias.

Results

We found a cohort of 6 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia after excluding secondary causes. Out of these 6 patients, 4 (66.6%) were male and 2 (33.3%) were female. Minimum age of our patient was 2 months and maximum was 17 years with a mean age of 6.5 years. Two patients presented less than one year of age. Mean triglyceride levels was 1,599 + 523 mg/dL. Four patients (66.6%) had acute pancreatitis, one each (16.6%) had recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Family history was positive for hyperlipidaemia in two patients who had positive consanguinity. Patients with positive family history were symptomatic at earlier age.

Conclusions

This is the first study to highlight primary hypertriglyceridemia presenting as pancreatitis in paediatric population from Pakistan. All patients had triglycerides level of greater than 1000 mg/dL.
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 due to a novel PTRF/CAVIN1 pathogenic variant in a child: effects of metreleptin substitution
Authors: Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , v.Schnurbein Julia , De Laffolie Jan , Hahn Andreas , Siebert Reiner , Wabitsch Martin , Kamrath Clemens
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Congenital generalized lipodystrophies (CGLs) are a heterogeneous group of rare autosomal recessive disorders characterized by near/total absence of body fat. Pathogenic variants in polymerase-I and transcript release factor gene (PTRF), or CAVIN1, is responsible for CGL4. In addition to generalized fat loss, patients with CGL4 were reported to suffer from myopathy, malignant cardiac arrhythmias, gastrointestinal disorders, and skeletal abnormalities. Here we describe the phenotype of a child with CGL4 due to a rare, novel pathogenic variant in the PTRF/CAVIN1 gene and the long-term effects of metreleptin substitution on comorbidities.

Case presentation

We describe a now 20-year-old female patient. At the age of 14-years, she was referred to the University Clinic because of uncontrolled diabetes with an HbA1c of 9.3%, requiring 2.4 IU insulin/kg total-body-weight to normalize blood glucose, hepatomegaly, and hypertriglyceridemia of 515 mg/dL. Additionally, she was suffering from malignant cardiac arrhythmia, myopathy, and hyperCKemia. In light of these clinical findings, she was diagnosed with CGL due to a rare, novel variant in the PTRF gene, and was started on metreleptin, a synthetic analog of human leptin. After the initiation of metreleptin treatment, insulin therapy could be stopped and improvement of sonographically assessed liver size was observed, even though serum liver function test stayed mildly elevated. Furthermore, a noticeable improvement of the serum triglyceride levels was also seen. Medical care and regular follow-up visits are being carried out by a multi-disciplinary team.

Conclusions

Although CGL4 is rare, due to its life-threatening comorbidities and the opportunity for an early intervention, it is important that the clinicians should recognise these patients.
Mapping the Critical System: Kant and the Highest Good
Authors: Sweet Kristi
Published: April 2022

This essay considers Kant’s concept of the highest good from a systematic point of view. The two spheres of freedom and nature—of the practical and theoretical—need to be brought into a causal relation for the highest good to be achieved. Kant seems to offer numerous possibilities for how human beings are able to think that it is possible for the highest good to be attainable. I argue that it is only in the thirdCritique, however, that Kant articulates an answer that also establishes freedom and nature within a larger system. The thirdCritiquedoes this by positing a third, independent and mediating sphere of human experience that allows a transition between freedom and nature to be effected. This answer to the problem of the highest good is distinctive because the causal efficacy of reason in attaining its own demands is preserved. I examine Kant’s view by way of an analysis of his discussion of ‘territory’ and ‘domain’ in the Introduction to the text.
The Ultraviolet Bleach corpus
Authors: Knoblock Natalia , Malkin Ryan
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a new corpus of computer-mediated communication on the topic of Trump’s comments about household disinfectants and ultraviolet light as cures for COVID-19. The corpus, named the Ultraviolet Bleach (UVB) corpus, contains message board comments devoted to Trump’s suggestions. It was collected in May 2020 and consists of twenty-six files, with a total size of 2,344,164 word tokens. The paper includes frequency lists of words and clusters, keywords, and keywords in context, identified with the help of the corpus management software Sketch Engine. The corpus highlights the “receiving end” of political communication since it involves reactions to Trump’s televised briefing, and it will be of interest to researchers of political communication, populist and conspiratorial discourse, public opinion, and language aggression.
Recent progress in terahertz metamaterial modulators
Authors: Degl’Innocenti Riccardo , Lin Hungyen , Navarro-Cía Miguel
Published: April 2022

The terahertz (0.1–10 THz) range represents a fast-evolving research and industrial field. The great interest for this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which lies between the photonics and the electronics ranges, stems from the unique and disruptive sectors where this radiation finds applications in, such as spectroscopy, quantum electronics, sensing and wireless communications beyond 5G. Engineering the propagation of terahertz light has always proved to be an intrinsically difficult task and for a long time it has been the bottleneck hindering the full exploitation of the terahertz spectrum. Amongst the different approaches that have been proposed so far for terahertz signal manipulation, the implementation of metamaterials has proved to be the most successful one, owing to the relative ease of realisation, high efficiency and spectral versatility. In this review, we present the latest developments in terahertz modulators based on metamaterials, while highlighting a few selected key applications in sensing, wireless communications and quantum electronics, which have particularly benefitted from these developments.
Unraveling the temperature dynamics and hot electron generation in tunable gap-plasmon metasurface absorbers
Authors: Khosravi Khorashad Larousse , Argyropoulos Christos
Published: April 2022

Localized plasmons formed in ultrathin metallic nanogaps can lead to robust absorption of incident light. Plasmonic metasurfaces based on this effect can efficiently generate energetic charge carriers, also known as hot electrons, owing to their ability to squeeze and enhance electromagnetic fields in confined subwavelength spaces. However, it is very challenging to accurately identify and quantify the dynamics of hot carriers, mainly due to their ultrafast time decay. Their nonequilibrium temperature response is one of the key factors missing to understand the short time decay and overall transient tunable absorption performance of gap-plasmon metasurfaces. Here, we systematically study the temperature dynamics of hot electrons and their transition into thermal carriers at various timescales from femto to nanoseconds by using the two-temperature model. Additionally, the hot electron temperature and generation rate threshold values are investigated by using a hydrodynamic nonlocal model approach that is more accurate when ultrathin gaps are considered. The derived temperature dependent material properties are used to study the ultrafast transient nonlinear modification in the absorption spectrum before plasmon-induced lattice heating is established leading to efficient tunable nanophotonic absorber designs. We also examine the damage threshold of these plasmonic absorbers under various pulsed laser illuminations, an important quantity to derive the ultimate input intensity limits that can be used in various emerging nonlinear optics and other tunable nanophotonic applications. The presented results elucidate the role of hot electrons in the response of gap-plasmon metasurface absorbers which can be used to design more efficient photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and photodetection devices.
Flexible MXene/copper/cellulose nanofiber heat spreader films with enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Qin Yue , Li Linhong , Li Maohua , Wei Xianzhe , Xiong Shaoyang , Xia Juncheng , Kong Xiangdong , Wang Yandong , Cai Tao , Deng Lifen , Lin Cheng-Te , Nishimura Kazuhito , Yi Jian , Jiang Nan , Yu Jinhong
Published: April 2022

To deal with the heat dissipation problem produced by a high integrated circuit, the preparation of heat spreaders with excellent heat transportation performance is increasing in demand. The Ti3C2 MXene sheets and copper particles were fully contacted with cellulose nanofibers by a high-speed mixer, and the composite film was prepared as a heat spreader under the action of the vacuum-assisted filtration. The MXene sheets are connected by the esterification of the carboxyl group in MXene and the hydroxyl group in cellulose nanofibers to form a chemical bond and consist of the main skeleton of the composite film. Due to the synergistic effects of MXene and copper particles, the in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities of the composite film reach 24.96 and 2.46 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Compared with the pure cellulose nanofiber films, the thermal conductivity of composite films increased by 2819.2 and 187.6%, respectively. By designing two applications of composite films in the actual use process, the excellent heating conduction abilities in two directions have been proved. This measure to improve the thermal conductivities of composite films by MXene-copper binary fillers also provides ideas for the novel heat spreader.
The role of Ag layer in the optical properties of PN junction thin films
Authors:   General Directorate of Education in Babylon Governorate, Hilla, Iraq, Dhahir D. M. , Alrubaie A. J. K. ,   Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babil, Iraq, Mohammed K. A. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Baron A. S. ,   Department of Physics, College of science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Abood M. M. ,   Ministry of Education, General Directorate For Education in Najaf, Alkhayatt A. H. O. ,   Department of Physics, College of science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Published: April 2022

CdS/PbS and CdS/PbS capped with Ag thin layer thin films were organized by chemical bath deposition technique. The effect of silver layer on the optical properties (absorption and direct and indirect band gap) were investigated. It was observed from the absorption spectra of the thin films that the silver layer that deposited on the surface of film has a very important influence on the location of the absorption peak as well as the amount of the energy gap. The band gaps were found in the range 1.75 to 2.38 eV
ON AN EPITAPH TO DIMITRY OF ROSTOV (ON THE HISTORY OF THE EPITAPH’ GENRE IN THE 18TH СENTURY)
Authors: Fedotova Marina
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes an epitaph dedicated to Dimitry of Rostov. It was written in Ukraine after the death of the metropolitan in 1709, but before his official canonization in 1757. Unlike the two other well-known epitaphs dedicated to Saint Dimitry (the funeral oration by Stephen Yavorsky and the inscription by Michail Lomonosov engraved on the silver icon case of his tomb complex), this text, which belongs to the syllabic epitaph genre, was an inscription under Dimitry’s lifetime portrait that was kept in the Novgorod-Seversky monastery. This epitaph, like the first two texts, can be clearly characterized as a baroque text, however, it differs significantly from them in content and style. It reflects other artistic phenomena of baroque poetics and has the features of synthesis, a combination of an iconographic image and signature, illustrations and text, words and images. The portrait-icon with verses was delivered to Rostov to metropolitan Arseny (Matseevich) through Fyodor Dubyansky, the confessor of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. For a long time, it was preserved at the tomb of St. Dimitry in the interior of the Trinity (Conception) monastery. This epitaph reflects the Ukrainian tradition, in which portraits with epitaphs were hung at the graves of bishops and churchwardens. Who was the author of this epitaph to Dimitry of Rostov? It was most certainly a representative of the Ukrainian elite who knew Dimitry’s biography very well. Perhaps it was Ioann (Maksimovich), the future metropolitan of Tobolsk. The location of the original icon with the inscription is unknown, but a copy has survived in the museum of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery. However, this epitaph continued to exist in the written tradition. Several copies of it are known, and its text was reproduced and perceived separately from the iconographic model as a hagiographic text. It served, in turn, as a source of other such texts dedicated to Dimitry of Rostov and created after his canonization. The subsequent fate of this epitaph is also associated with the phenomena of the new cultural epoch, in which different types of art did not merely complement each other, but also led to the expansion of artistic expression, to the creation, interaction and interchangeability of new artistic forms, evolution of genre, which are undoubtedly important for the studying the genre poetics of the 18th century.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Satisfaction of Tax Administration Users in Morocco during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ait Lhassan Imad , Bedraoui Oumayma , Akhannich Otmane
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The objective of any change in public administrations is to improve their management system to provide a better service to the citizen user. This is how policy makers defend their political agendas. However, the effectiveness of the digital transformation of public services is not limited to the promulgation of laws but to their impact on the satisfaction of users of public administration and its perception by the public agent and the citizen. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the satisfaction of users of public administration, and more particularly of tax administration.

Design / Method / Approach: This is an empirical study with a quantitative approach using a questionnaire administered to 107 taxpayers. We analyzed data through the structural equation method with SmartPls software to study the relationship between five sub-variables of digital transformation and user satisfaction.

Originality / Value: The results show a significantly positive relationship between three sub-variables of digital transformation and user satisfaction: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and website design.

Research Limitations / Future Research: In addition, public administrations need to stay abreast of current trends in service digitalization. The success of the digitization of the administration is conditioned by the commitment and involvement of all stakeholders. This is with the view to providing quality services in real-time, thus meeting users' expectations.

Paper type: Empirical
LC-MS/MS assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel in children with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Dai Hao-ran , Hu Ya-hui , Long Jia-yi , Xia Ying , Guo Hong-li , Xu Jing , Ding Xuan-sheng , Chen Jing , Lu Xiao-peng , Chen Feng
Published: April 2022

Perampanel (PER) is the first clinically available selective antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor approved globally for the treatment of epilepsy. Studies have recently underlined the significant association between dose-exposure-effect-adverse events of PER in patients with epilepsy, so the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of PER is critical in clinical practices, especially for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to several limits in previous published analytical methods, herein, we describe the development and validation of a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for monitoring PER in human plasma samples. Protein precipitation method by acetonitrile containing PER-d5 as internal standard was applied for the sample clean-up. Formic acid (FA, 0.2 mM) in both aqueous water and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phases and the analyte was separated by an isocratic elution. Qualification and quantification were performed under positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode using the m/z 350.3 → 219.1 and 355.3 → 220.0 ions pairs transitions for PER and PER-d5, respectively. Potential co-medicated anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have no interference to the analysis. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 1.00–2,000 ng mL−1 for PER. The intra- and inter-batch precision, accuracy, recovery, dilution integrity, and stability of the method were all within the acceptable criteria and no matrix effect or carryover was found. This method was then successfully implemented on the TDM of PER in Chinese children with drug-resistant epilepsy. We firstly confirmed the apparent inter- and intra-individual PER concentration variabilities and potential drug-drug interactions between PER and several concomitant ASMs occurred in Chinese pediatric patients, which were also in line with previous studies in patients of other race.
Contextual teaching material development model
Authors: Listiadi Agung
Published: April 2022

Learning accounting so far only uses student activity sheets or books or handouts. This obviously can cause students to be vulnerable to disinterest, difficulty in learning accounting, less motivated and abstract lessons. This study aims to determine the extent, to which the process of making printed teaching materials model products is in the form of real document transactions that contextually integrate student worksheets in accounting. By designing learning experiences that are close to real-world conditions, so that they can grow knowledge and skills in the field of accounting, through innovation in creating product models of printed teaching materials that are contextually integrated with working papers in the accounting field. The method, designed in this research, is the Thiagarajan (4D) development model, which consists of the Define stage, Design stage, Develop stage, and Dissemination stage. The results showed that the product in this development research was in the form of appropriate teaching materials to support the application of the scientific approach in implementing the curriculum. Overall, the teaching materials made are real and contextual, students are motivated to learn well by using Real document transaction products because learning is like using transaction proof documents in the real industrial world
Investigation of the awareness of rural students on M-learning using smartphones
Authors: Taiwo Samuel O. , Uleanya Chinaza , Ayandibu Ayansola O.
Published: April 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden transition from face to face to online teaching and learning practices in various parts of the world. Meanwhile, the level of awareness and adoption of mobile learning (M-learning) by means of smartphones in many rural parts of Africa tends to be considered low. The reasons for this include various factors, such as poor access to internet facilities, a lack of funds, the cost of smartphones, amongst others. This study investigates the level of awareness of South African rural higher institution students (SARHISs) on M-learning using smartphones. A quantitative method was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling was used to select the institution and the 75 respondents who took part in the study. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, entitled “Smartphone questionnaire (SQ)”. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 25. The findings of the study show that the adoption of M-learning using smartphones by the respondents who are students from the South African Rural Higher Institution (SARHIS) is moderate – a little above the average. Based on the study, it is recommended, that students’ awareness should be raised and that M-learning should be supported given the recent transition from onsite to online teaching and learning practices
Criminological and criminal law aspects of the definition of suicide
Authors: Zadorozhnyi Nazar
Published: April 2022

The article analyses the basic approaches to the definition of suicide, used in Ukraine and throughout the world. The importance of modelling the definition of suicide in the context of scientific analysis of this phenomenon is emphasized. The linguistic nature of the terms "self-killing" and "suicide" is studied. Suicide definitions, used by international and reputable health organizations and institutions, are collected. The available scientific definitions of Ukrainian researchers, which were formulated in the past, are presented and analysed. The inexpediency of considering all suicides violent is justified. Arguments in favour of conciseness and clarity of the recommended definition of suicide are presented and attention is focused on the negative impact of overloaded definitions. A claim that self-killing as a result of mental disorders cannot be considered suicide is criticised. As a result, a distinctive vision of the problem of suicide has been formulated and substantiated, recommendations, considering its definition, have been provided.
In addition, an analysis of the essence of the definition of suicide with the use of corpus delicti modelling is performed. The controversial position that suicide can be committed by inaction is discussed. Emphasis is placed on intent as an integral part of the definition of suicide. The so-called "demonstrative" suicides are analysed and the criminal law concepts of direct, indirect intent and negligence are designed in the context. It is stated, that committing suicide by negligence is impossible. The position that intentional self-killing of minors cannot be considered suicide and such actions should be qualified as an "accident" has been analysed. This position is criticized
Cyber insecurity in the wake of COVID-19: a reappraisal of impacts and global experience within the context of routine activity theory
Authors: Olofinbiyi Sogo Angel
Published: April 2022

Shortly after the enthronement of COVID-19 on the global continent, cyberspace became a dominant arena for social, economic, religious, educational, recreational and political activities across the world. This paper draws insights from the existing literature to illustrate how COVID-19 has provided situational opportunities for cyber criminals to strike and exploit people of their valuable resources through creating fraudulent websites as well as spreading of malware and ransomware to vulnerable users. To this end, routine activity theory becomes very dominant and crucial in understanding the underlying basis for the increased cybercrimes that currently characterize the cyber space. The study demonstrates that the twin phenomenon of coronavirus and cyber insecurity has not only instilled fears into the hearts of cyber users but has also negatively impacted the global economy in various ways that cannot be quantified by any study. Since all measures put in place to contain the threats of the horrible virus, have, hitherto, remained counterproductive, the paper recommends essential cyber hygiene practices (such as, antivirus protection, malware and phishing awareness, weak spots identification, intelligent techniques, risk management approach, zero trust design, home network security and general cybersecurity awareness) as a coping strategy to salvage both the public health and security sectors from the twin occurrence of Covid-19 pandemic and cyber insecurity, which has respectively inflicted and claimed millions of lives, and jeopardized significant portions of the global economy. Providing a continued cyber-safe remote-working environment for employees will be of ultimate measure
Constitutional-legal aspects of information security in the context of globalization
Authors: Farzullaeva Afat Elkhan
Published: April 2022

One of the main issues of world politics since the 21st century is a scientific and technological breakthrough that can have far-reaching consequences in all areas of human activity. The computerization and information revolution have led to scientific and technological progress in the military field. The application of high technology has radically changed the nature and capabilities of conventional armaments, intelligence and military command systems, and expanded the possibilities of long-distance warfare. Today, the tactics of creating conflicts in many military and other fields with the help of information technology are changing in the world. Who controls information and misinformation plays an important role. Sometimes misinformation becomes a dangerous weapon. Although the existing terms "Information Security" and "Information War" are more commonly used in the military field, they are beginning to take on a slightly different meaning with the development of mass media and communication technologies. This article identifies the legal characteristics and legal specifics of the information rights of citizens, proclaimed by the Constitution of Azerbaijan. The article substantiates the need to consider the constitutional and legal foundations of information security as a complex political and legal phenomenon. It is proposed to analyze the constitutional and legal aspects of information security in the synthesis of constitutional ideology, constitutional theory and constitutional practice of the development of Azerbaijani statehood. The author proves that the constitutional legal provision of the information security of Azerbaijan considers positive international experience in this field
Peculiarities of legal regulation of compulsory termination of land ownership in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Nastina Olga
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the principles of land law regulation and the legal framework for the forced termination of private ownership of land and the acquisition of state ownership of land under martial law. The following scientific tasks are solved in the article: the content of some grounds for termination of private ownership of land plots, which are the grounds for state acquisition of land ownership under the legal regime of martial law; the procedure of compulsory alienation and seizure of land plots under martial law is analyzed, gaps in the current legislation are identified and ways of settling legal conflicts are proposed.
The elaboration of the topic is based on the provisions of the general theory of land and civil law, where, taking into account the latest advances in science, conceptual recommendations are provided for building a legal structure of forced termination of land ownership.
The research was conducted on the basis of an analysis of the provisions of Ukrainian civil and land legislation, measures of forced alienation and seizure of land. The article provides coverage of current issues and legislative features of the termination of private ownership of land and the acquisition of state rights of landowners under martial law.
The existence of the procedure of forced alienation of property, the procedure of forced seizure of property in favor of the state, different in form, content and mechanism in the legal regulation, is explained. The forcible termination of the right of private ownership of land under martial law entails the acquisition by the state of the rights of the owner. Compulsory alienation of land must follow the advance payment of alienation; the procedure for withdrawing land for the needs of the state may provide for the following reimbursement.
Proposed ways to resolve legal conflicts by systematizing the grounds for state acquisition of property rights in martial law and filling gaps in legislation, by developing a separate mechanism that regulates the procedure of forced expropriation of land in martial law, decisions to determine the list of land, for which forced expropriation or seizure of land may be applied.
Modeling of the reservoirs heating with the aim of oil recovery increasing
Authors: Lubkov Miсhail , Mosiichuk Kateryna
Published: April 2022

The object of the research is optimal installation of the heat injection wells for reservoirs heating in order to increase oil recovery and, accordingly, support oil production in the hard-reaching heterogeneous reservoirs. One of the most problematic areas in modern oil production is the difficulty of extracting high-viscosity oil from the reservoirs. So far, the most effective method to overcome this problem is the thermal method. However, the possibilities of this method are limited by its high energy consumption and the cost of relevant practice research. Thus, less expensive corresponding methods of mathematical modeling become more important. This investigation uses a combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary thermal conductivity problem. Numerical modeling of the temperature distribution around heat injection wells are carried out, taking into account the heterogeneity of the thermal properties of the oil reservoir and the conditions of convective heat exchange at the reservoir’s boundaries. The proposed method, due to its high accuracy and convergence of the solutions, allows to obtain reliable practical results and has a number of advantages in comparison with the same research methods. It is established that the process of heating of oil reservoirs is slow and energy consuming, so to increase profitability, it is obviously necessary to use associated production products, such as associated gas. It is shown that less wet layers heat up better and there is no sense to heat the layer for more than two weeks, because the radius of the effective heating area (with a temperature exceeding 80 °C required for outcome of high-viscosity oil from the rock) in this case is sufficient. It is also found that the operation of heat-injection wells is more profitable with their joint interaction, in that case the effective heating area of the oil reservoir and, accordingly, the number of production wells will be the largest. Another hand, the main factor in the location of heat-injection wells is defined by special characteristics of the oil-bearing section of the reservoir in each case. The configurations of the location of heat-injection wells, which were presented in this paper, cover the most optimal cases of the installations of considered oil-bearing section of the reservoirs and can be used in practice.
Analysis of existing models of climate change and identification of zones which are suitable for agricultural production in the context of rural territories
Authors: Drebot Oksana , Zinovchuk Natalia , Vysochanska Mariya , Sakharnatska Lyudmyla
Published: April 2022

The object of research is the methodology of existing models of climate change and the identification of areas that are suitable for agricultural production.
The consequences of natural disasters (floods, tornadoes, tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc.) are the destruction of local ecosystems and the local economy, the emergence of threats to food and water supply, the creation of social conflicts, internal and external migration. Damage from natural disasters is estimated at billions of dollars. The economies of countries in which natural disasters are being synchronized cannot recover on their own and need international assistance, especially the placement of climate refugees in other countries. An analysis of recent research and publications shows that its authors do not even pose such a problem. In the period from 2011 to 2020 alone, the number of natural disasters in the world increased 7 times, in particular in Europe – 41 times.
The study shows that the concept of anthropogenic impact on climate change, sustainable development and possible adaptation through environmental and energy and resource conservation measures must be considered erroneous. International spending on climate change adaptation programs around the world is inefficient. The theoretical basis on which these concepts have been built so far needs to be revised, and the environmental policy of all countries of the world is subject to radical transformation.
The practical significance of research is to improve the model of climate change, which is used to develop forecast scenarios for world events, based on the dependence of CO2 emissions. from anthropogenic human activity. Since the results of any mathematical model depend on the input data and the correlation of the relationships embedded in such a model, the percentage of reliability and probability of implementation of such a model is also estimated. Therefore, climate models developed at the initiative of the International Group of Experts on Climate Change cannot be used as a basis for substantiating recommendations for the transformation of agriculture in accordance with climate change.
Importance of Interpersonal Relationships in CBGT
Authors:   ,   Portland State University, Badley Alexxa
Published: April 2022

A literature review was conducted to answer the question, can CBGT, and its emphasis on interpersonal relationships bolster the treatment of depression in adolescents? Adolescents were defined as anyone between the ages of 13-17, and depression was diagnosed by the DSM-V. It was found that CBGT had strong effectiveness in the treatment of depression, lowering symptoms across the board. Teens found solidarity in having others that could relate to them and their personal experiences. Potential downfalls were the fact that time management was crucial to better treatment, making sure everyone had a chance to speak, as well as strong communication with the group therapist to tailor treatment to the needs of the group, without which, treatment could become less effective.
In situ synthesis, structural chemistry and vibrational spectroscopy of Zn-doped Ca5Mg4(VO4)6
Authors: Tolkacheva Anna S. , Shkerin Sergey N. , Petrova Sofya A. , Fedorova Olga M. , Titova Svetlana G. , Leonidov Ivan I.
Published: April 2022

The phase formation of the solid solution Ca5Mg4–xZnx(VO4)6 (0≤x≤4) was studied in situ using differential scanning calorimetry and high-temperature X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD). XRPD analysis shows the appearance of unavoidable secondary pyrovanadate phases using conventional synthesis methods. The local structure of the solid solution was verified by vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of the infrared and Raman spectroscopy data allows establishing the main features between vanadate garnets and their isostructural analogs among natural silicates.
A method of mild deoxydichlorination of aldehydes catalyzed by Triphenylphosphine oxide
Authors: Shipilovskikh D. A. , Konkova M. F. , Nikonov I. P. , Gladysheva M. M. , Shipilovskikh S. A.
Published: April 2022

The catalytic system of triphenylphosphine oxide and phthaloyl dichloride catalysing conversion of aldehydes to 1,1-dichlorides is reported. The reaction proceeds via a P (V) catalysis manifold in which triphenylphosphine oxide turnover is achieved using phthaloyl dichloride as a consumable reagent. The application of the developed method on substrates of different structures was demonstrated. We showed the use of unsaturated compounds, including aromatics with and without electron donating / withdrawing groups, as well as saturated aliphatic compounds. The possibility of using the developed method on a gram scale was also demonstrated with the deoxydichlorination reaction of 0.03 mol of benzaldehyde catalyzed by triphenylphosphine oxide as an example. The proposed method may be of interest for the production of different herbicides, insecticides and fungicides for the agricultural industry.
The Draft of Catherine II’s Penal Regulations in the Context of European Penitentiary Thought
Authors: Vasilieva Svetlana
Published: April 2022

This article considers the “penitentiary turn” in the ideological content of Catherine II’s penal policy, i. e. the transition from the punitive orientation of justice to the principle of rehabilitation by means of punishment. The author mostly refers to The State of the Prisons of England and Wales (1777), a fundamental work by English philanthropist and penologist John Howard and Empress Catherine II’s handwritten draft of the Penal Regulations (1787). Relying on the techniques of intellectual history, the article aims to analyse the polemical, historiographical, and legal assessments of Catherine’s legislative initiatives and review debatable issues. The consideration of the ideological content of the Penal Regulations in the context of eighteenth-century European (mainly English) penitentiary thought makes it possible to perceive it as an attempt to systematise and summarise the best practices of European countries based on the “principles of love and mercy”. The author compares Catherine’s penitentiary ideas and the basic principles of organising prison affairs promoted by John Howard. The author concludes that their basic positions are similar and were later embodied in the modern principles of the philosophy and practice of corrective punishment. However, the main concepts of penitentiary reform in Howard’s writings are characterized by a personal-psychological approach, with a pronounced focus on the moral and religious conversion of convicts in the conditions of a rehabilitating imprisonment. The project of the Russian empress is distinguished by a strictly state approach, increased attention to economic issues, and the problem of the establishment of a penitentiary service. In the era of Catherine II, Russian penal policy became systematic and elaborated, with expressed intentions of correction by punishment. The Russian penitentiary apparatus began to take on the appearance of a system with a clear centralised structure.
Confrontation in the Punitive System of Ryazan and the Escape of Political Prisoners in 1921
Authors: Tarasov Oleg
Published: April 2022

This article examines the peculiarities of provincial prisons during the formation of the Soviet corrective labour system. It is based on previously unpublished historical documents and materials from the the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of Ryazan Region. Despite the general goals of the Soviet state’s corrective labour policy, the formative period was characterised by a dispersion of punitive functions among several departments and fierce competition for the monopoly over the execution of punishments. Based on historical material from Ryazan province, the author illustrates the spectrum of these interdepartmental contradictions, referring to a case connected with the detention of a group of political prisoners in Ryazan. He also gives a detailed description of the appearance of the group in Ryazan, whose background was the mass riots among prisoners that occurred in Butyrskaya prison in April 1921. One of the consequences was a sudden dispersal of political prisoners to provincial places of detention and a mass escape of anarchists from a hastily organised political prison in Ryazan. In the form of a narrative, the article provides a detailed description of the actions of various provincial authorities and officials to ensure strict isolation for political prisoners in Ryazan, presents an ordered chronology of events, and interprets the actions of the participants. As a compromise, they established the organisation of “political prison” in an unprepared building of the former corrective detention department with serious violations of the regime’s requirements. Based on information from official documents, the author describes the requirements for maintaining political prisoners formed by the Punitive Department. The article shows the impact of the events of 1921 in the Ryazan “political prison” on the subsequent development of the system of detention in Ryazan province. It is concluded that the reason for the mass escape of a group of anarchists was the organisational unpreparedness of provincial places of detention and the interdepartmental struggle of the local structures of central departments. Finally, one of the possible consequences of this emergency was the exclusion of Ryazan from the list of provinces in which a network of political isolation prisons was established a few years later.
Custodians: Commandants of the Special Settlements of Western Siberia in the Inter-War Period
Authors: Krasilnikov Sergey
Published: April 2022

The latest papers on the activities of the protective bodies of the Stalin era demonstrates a gap between the scale and depth of the study of the institutional aspects of the system itself, with a major focus on objects, the target groups of repression, and the degree of development of activity (behavioural practices of the corps of specific implementers of the state’s repressive policy). Thus, while the circle of initiators and the upper and middle links of the punitive system are part of scholarly research, the numerous nomenclature workers of the lower level and direct executors of directives remain outside analysis. The above is also true about the personnel of penitentiary institutions. During early Stalinism, the establishment of the largest segment of the system of isolation and forced labor (i. e., the special peasant settlements) required strict deadlines and the recruitment of commandants. Being a part of the GULAG apparatus, the commandant corps, whose basic functions were similar to those of camp workers (supervision, punishment, and organisation of industrial and everyday internal activities), occupied lower positions in the hierarchy of protective organisations. They had limited opportunities for promotion, tighter control over their activities by the local party nomenclature, and a multitude of conflicts with the latter. Based on the available sources and literature, the author reconstructs the basic aspects of the activity, everyday life, and nomenclature of the commandant corps of special settlements in Western Siberia. In addition to specific historical methods, the work refers to concepts developed by R. K. Merton and M. Foucault (functionality, disciplinarity, deviant behaviour) and the use of a database containing brief biographies of commandant office employees. These help us to identify the conditions, incentives, and motivation of their activities, and the typology of normative and deviant behaviour. It is concluded that the commandant corps was both an embodiment and a hostage of the Stalinist management model, in which the line between norm and deviance was blurred. The functioning of the special settlements system was ensured by high mobility, personnel “dropout”, and the ability of commandants to adapt their activities in extreme conditions.
Comparison of Cognitive Function between Intracerebral Haemorrhage Stroke Patients with and without Hypertensive Crisis
Authors: Wicaksono Mohammad Arianto Satrio , Juli Cep , Calista Chandra , Gamayani Uni , Cahyani Aih , Ong Paulus Anam
Published: April 2022

Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) stroke is characterized by neurological dysfunction, caused by focal collection of blood within the brain parenchyma or ventricular system that is not caused by trauma. Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for intracerebral haemorrhage. Hypertensive crisis, which is a more severe type of uncontrolled hypertension may aggravate the cognitive outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive function between intracerebral haemorrhage stroke patients with and without hypertensive crisis. Methods: This study was a retrospective comparative analytic study, combined with a case-control study from August to November 2020. All medical records of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, who were admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2019, were collected. The total score of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) which was recorded in the medical record was taken and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney test. The MMSE was conducted on the day of discharge, and the minimum education level of the patients was elementary school. Results: We found a total of 109 medical records with ICH, 67 of which were with hypertensive crisis. The median MMSE score in the hypertensive crisis group was slightly higher than in the non-hypertensive crisis group. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in MMSE scores between intracerebral haemorrhage patients with and without hypertensive crisis (p-value=0.439). Conclusion: There is no difference in cognitive function between intracerebral haemorrhage patients with and without hypertensive crisis. Further study is of great value to explore the relation between intracerebral haemorrhage patients with and without hypertensive crisis.
Language and Globalization (and modern society)
Authors: Chakraborty Subha
Published: April 2022

The need for acquisition of new languages as a skill has never been more prevalent than now, in this post WW2 world where the co-operative initiations taken by nations has resulted in professionals to actively pursue communicative efforts in order to establish them and their brand internationally.
Now due to the colonial past of United Kingdom, English has taken a predominant place in connecting the world. However, it is to be noted that a lot of the world still either don't speak English or refuse to give English predominance in their culture. Therefore, to reach them one must garner
a knowledge of their language and develop a cultural intelligence be fitting enough to use the newly learned language with high efficiency. Hence, this balance in business communication across the world with its everdemanding nature for it to tip to one common international language with national
and regional identity associated with their respective languages, is currently very delicate. Some countries actively have given into the concept of English as the international language while others still want to define their world with the boundaries defined by their linguistic identity.
That is the clash we seen in language and its associated identity as a result of this globalizing world