bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New mechanisms of action of diclofenac and the possibility of their implementation in pain treatment – narrative review
Authors: Kurbiel Agnieszka , Przeklasa-Muszyńska Anna , Kocot-Kępska Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Diclofenac is a drug from the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and its basic anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism used in the clinic is the inhibition of COX2 and COX1. This narrative review, based on a review of selected works from 1978 to May 2024, presents preclinical studies that describe new non-cyclooxygenase mechanisms of action of diclofenac. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies have shown the direct participation of diclofenac in nociceptive processes by affecting numerous ion channels – potassium, sodium, calcium, acid-sensitive ion channels. The effect on NMDA, TRP receptors, thromboxane and prostanoid receptors has been documented. The antinociceptive effect of diclofenac has been demonstrated at the spinal level through the activation of PPARgamma and the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and microglia activation, as well as the impact on the antinociceptive NO–cGMP pathway, the adrenergic and opioid systems. It has also been shown that diclofenac can affect the level of endorphins and arachidonic acid, regulate the synthesis of interleukins and lipoxygenase. Diclofenac in the experiment also modulates neurological processes, e.g. prevents the death of dopaminergic neurons, blocks the formation of transthyretin amyloid or reduces apoptosis after brain tissue damage. Many studies have confirmed the role of diclofenac in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, which constitutes its potential anticancer properties. In addition, it has been shown that diclofenac has antibacterial and antifungal effects. Further clinical studies are required to clarify the role of diclofenac in the mechanisms of nociception in humans, as well as the possibility of implementing diclofenac in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases and their accompanying pain syndromes.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Moderator Variable in PD. BPR KALSEL
Authors: Rasyid Muhammad Zakiyyul Fuad , Al Faridho Awwal Muhammad , Nashoha Muhammad Rizalun , Hermawan Hengki Dwiyan
Published: February 2025

The objectives of research are to describe transformational leadership style, employee performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and to examine the influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as moderator variable. Sampling technique is stratified sampling. The respondent of research is 77 persons. The analysis tool is Partial Least Square (PLS). Research respondent is the employee of PD. BPR of South Kalimantan. Result of research indicates that transformational leadership style and employee performance remain in high category. Transformational leadership style has significant direct influence on employee performance. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) belongs to high category. The moderating nature of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is moderating of strengthening which means that higher organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) will empower the influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance.
Economia de Francisco e Clara:
Authors: Teixeira Tania Cristina , Silveira Emmanuele Araújo , Costa Christian Rodrigues , Duarte David Ferreira
Published: February 2025

Uma nova configuração e uma ressignificação da economia está sendo moldada em um contexto de extrema importância para as sociedades, as nações e as comunidades, em que temos assistido a destruição da vida e dos recursos naturais – que são a essência e a dádiva da Casa Comum, em suas diferentes localidades. Penalizando e destruindo a fauna, a flora e provocando a mortandade de seres humanos e de outras espécies, a economia atual tem se mostrado cada vez menos humanista. Além disso, a dureza dos tempos atuais, provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19 – que tem ceifado vidas, impedido a normalidade da vida cotidiana e do desenvolvimento social do trabalho –, vem privando uma parte significativa das populações de atuarem no meio social. Esse processo nos obriga a repensar a organização sistêmica em que vivemos, encampada na geração da riqueza, na qual, em contrapartida, verifica-se o empobrecimento geral das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade financeira e social – culminando na elevação da concentração de renda em âmbito nacional e, inclusive, mundial. Diante de tal problemática, o Papa Francisco faz, com a Economia de Francisco e Clara, um chamamento aos jovens que estão dispostos a repensar a economia com propostas que entreguem mais justiça social, inclusão, democracia e participação.
As dimensões de sustentabilidade são determinantes no nível de satisfação com a vida do indivíduo?
Authors: Figueiredo Antônio Diego Alves de , Gerhard Felipe , Paula Thiago Matheus de , Victor Caio , Silva Felipe Roberto da
Published: February 2025

O desenvolvimento sustentável tem três pilares majoritários: ambiental, social e econômico. Em conjunto, tais pilares possuem o potencial de influenciar diretamente o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Seguindo esses princípios, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar a influência das dimensões da sustentabilidade, i.e., ambiental, social e econômico, sobre a satisfação com a vida individual. Para tal, os efeitos dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) sobre a satisfação com a vida individual referentes a 127 países foram examinados por meio da construção de modelos de regressão múltiplas. Os resultados da análise revelam influências de valência tanto positiva quanto negativa de ODSs específicas sobre a satisfação com a vida. As relações significantes identificadas no primeiro modelo de regressão serviram de base para a construção de um segundo modelo voltado à análise das três dimensões da sustentabilidade sobre a satisfação com a vida. Com efeito, as dimensões social e econômica apresentaram efeitos positivos sobre a satisfação com a vida, ao passo que a dimensão ambiental apresentou impacto negativo. Os resultados destacam a complexidade presente na relação entre sustentabilidade e satisfação com a vida, revelando a necessidade de se intensificar os componentes tanto humanos quanto socioeconômicos na inter-relação entre os dois temas.
Impact of Tectonic Activity on Ancient Civilizations
Authors: Force Eric R.
Published: February 2025

Impact of Tectonic Activity on Ancient Civilizations: Recurrent Shakeups, Tenacity, Resilience, and Change observes a remarkable spatial correspondence of zones of active tectonism (i.e. plate boundaries in the earth’s crust) with the most complex cultures of antiquity (“great ancient civilizations”), and continues to explore the meaning of this relationship from a number of independent angles. Due to resulting site damage, this distribution is counter-intuitive. Nevertheless, systematic differences between “tectonic” and “quiescent” cultures show that tectonic activity corresponded in antiquity with more cultural dynamism. Data of several independent types support direct cultural influence of tectonism, including vignettes of the impact of tectonism in specific ancient cultures. An expectation of change seems to be a feature such tectonic cultures shared, and led to an acceleration of development. These dynamics continue though much obscured in the present day.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Automating Image Analysis for Faster Diagnoses
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Moses H. Mugo
Published: February 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into radiology has revolutionized the field by augmenting diagnostic accuracy and streamlining workflows. This paper examines AI’s capabilities in automating image analysis, reducing diagnostic errors, and alleviating the burden on radiologists in the face of increasing imaging volumes. Highlighting applications such as anomaly detection, segmentation, and classification, AI demonstrates its potential to improve efficiency and reliability across various imaging modalities. However, its adoption faces challenges including ethical concerns, legal implications, and the need for robust validation. This review emphasizes the necessity of collaboration among technology developers, healthcare professionals, and regulators to ensure the safe and effective deployment of AI in radiology.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology, Medical Imaging, Image Analysis, Anomaly Detectio
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. L DI KLINIK PRATAMA LESTARI TAHUN 2024
Authors: Novita Yanti R. , Sandra Sandra
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Midwifery Care is care that is provided continuously to mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, newborns and family planning which aims to continuously improve the health of mothers and babies with an obstetric management approach method with varney's line of thought and documented in the form of SOAP, carried out at the Pratama Lestari Clinic on June 1-July 10, 2024. Midwifery care is carried out in NY. L is 29 years old, G2P1A0H1. In antenatal care, there is a gap, namely that triple elimination skinning is not carried out. In childbirth period I lasts for 12 hours and 30 minutes, period II lasts for 25 minutes, period III lasts for 30 minutes there is a gap, namely manual placental action is carried out, stage IV lasts for 2 hours, the baby is born spontaneously and there is a gap, namely IMD is not carried out on the baby, weight is 3100 grams, body length is 49 cm, and neonatal visits are carried out 3 times there is no gap between theory and practice. The postpartum period runs normally without complications, 4 visits are made. Mrs. L's family planning care chose Kb MAL as her contraceptive method. From these results, it can be concluded that the comprehensive care provided to Mrs. L has not met the standards.
 
Asuhan Kebidanan Komprehensif adalah asuhan yang diberikan secara berkesinambungan kepada ibu selama kehamilan, persalinan, nifas, bayi baru lahir dan KB yang bertujuan agar kesehatan ibu dan bayi terus meningkat dengan metode pendekatan manajemen kebidanan dengan alur fikir varney dan didokumentasikan dalam bentuk SOAP, dilaksanakan di Klinik Pratama Lestari pada tanggal 1 Juni- 10 Juli 2024. Asuhan kebidanan dilakukan pada NY. L umur 29 tahun, G2P1A0H1. Pada asuhan antenatal care terdapat kesenjangan yaitu tidak dilakukan skining tripel eliminasi. Pada persalinan kala I berlangsung selama 12 jam 30 menit, kala II berlangsung selama 25 menit, kala III berlangsung selama 30 menit terdapat kesenjangan yaitu dilakukan tindakan manual plasenta, kala IV berlangsung selama 2 jam, Bayi lahir spontan dan terdapat kesenjangan yaitu tidak dilakukan IMD pada bayi, berat 3100 gram, panjang badan 49 cm, dan dilakukan kunjungan neonatus sebanyak 3 kali tidak terdapat kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik. Masa nifas berjalan normal tanpa ada penyulit, dilakukan kunjungan sebanyak 4 kali. Asuhan keluarga berencana Ny.L memilih Kb MAL sebagai metode kontrasepsinya. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa asuhan komprehensif yang diberikan pada Ny. L belum memenuhi standar.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Akademik Febiiain Fattahul Muluk Papua Terhadap Loyalitas Mahasiswa Dengan Kepuasan Mahasiswa Sebagai Variabel Intervening.
Authors: Rasyidi Ahlan , Risamasu Ferdinand , Kambu Arius Andreas
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of the quality of FEBI IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua's academic services on student loyalty with student satisfaction as an intervening variable both directly and indirectly. The research method used is quantitative with an explanatory design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 123 respondents. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and distributing questionnaires. The data analysis method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. The research results show that academic service quality has a significant effect on student loyalty, academic service quality has a significant effect on student satisfaction, student satisfaction has a significant effect on student loyalty, and student satisfaction can be an intervening variable between academic service quality and student loyalty.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Dosinaeng Rafael B. D. R. , Kambuaya Balthasar , Tuhumena Ruben
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership and job satisfaction on employee work discipline, mediated by work motivation, as well as examine the relationships among these variables. This research employs a quantitative method with a population consisting of employees working in the Bureau of General Affairs and Leadership Administration of Papua Province. The sample consists of 158 employees selected using the simple random sampling technique. Data collection methods include observation, literature review, and questionnaire distribution. Data analysis is conducted using path analysis with the aid of SPSS version 3.0 software. The results indicate that leadership has a significant influence on work motivation, whereas job satisfaction does not significantly affect work motivation. Furthermore, work motivation has a significant impact on work discipline. Leadership also significantly affects work discipline through work motivation, while job satisfaction does not significantly influence work discipline through work motivation.
Co-operatives in Northern Ireland: Resisting the neoliberal peace?
Authors: Perrin Eleonore
Published: February 2025

Post-peace agreement Northern Ireland offers a perfect example of an economic recovery driven by capital accumulation instead of long-term social needs. The result is an increasingly vulnerable environment where neoliberal economic policies leave many communities behind. For those, the peace dividends promised at the beginning of the peace process have far from materialised (Knox, 2016). Left to fend for themselves, some have looked towards alternative economics to sustain decent employment and foster ways of living with dignity. Even then, we are left wondering whether social economics can be co-opted into diverting the responsibility for economic recovery away from political and economic elites. Yet, in this “toxic mix of neoliberalism and sectarianism” (Murtagh & McFerran, 2015, p. 1598), can collective economic practices forge a way towards resisting the violence of the neoliberal peace?
THE ADJACENCY SPECTRUM OF TRIANGULAR BOOK GRAPHS
Authors: Komarullah Hafif
Published: February 2025

Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that in its application represents objects with vertices and relationships between objects with edges. One of the studies of graph theory is the graph spectrum which is the arrangement of eigenvalues and their multiplicity. This research aims to determine the characteristic polynomial equation and spectrum of triangular book graph using adjacency matrix. The methods used in this research are library study, axiomatic descriptive, and pattern detection. The result of this research is the characteristic polynomial equation and the general form of the adjacency spectrum of the triangular book graph (K1,1,n)
FIQH'S CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Agustiar
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development is a global challenge that requires a holistic approach, including economic, social and environmental dimensions. Countries with a majority Muslim population have the potential to utilize fiqh, as a system of Islamic law and ethics, to support sustainable development. This research aims to explore the contribution of fiqh to sustainable development and public policy. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical design, this research examines relevant literature, analyzing policy documents. The research results show that fiqh provides a strong ethical and normative foundation to support sustainable development. Fiqh principles such as justice ('adl), public benefit (maslahat), and amanah (trust) are very relevant in overcoming the challenges of sustainable development. Analysis of policy documents reveals that although there are initiatives to integrate fiqh principles in public policy, implementation is still limited and sporadic. In conclusion, fiqh has great potential to contribute to sustainable development by offering strong ethical and normative guidance for creating a more just and sustainable society. It is recommended that future research conduct in-depth case studies in countries with a majority Muslim population to evaluate the implementation of fiqh principles in sustainable development policies, as well as analyze their effectiveness on sustainable development indicators. In addition, it is important to develop a practical framework for the implementation of fiqh principles, conduct comparative studies with other countries, examine the role of stakeholders, and assess the impact of educational programs and public awareness. Long-term evaluation is also needed to measure the real impact on sustainable development and community welfare.
THE DOWNSIDES OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOP CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING: EFL STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Setyo Utami
Published: February 2025

As developing Cross-Cultural Understanding (CCU) brings a lot of benefits to cross-cultural communication, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers around the world have started a new trend of promoting CCU through the use of social media. However, despite the advantages people can get from this method, there are also some disadvantages that they should take into account. Therefore, this research tries to discover some negative impacts of using social media in order to develop CCU based on what 21 EFL students in Indonesia have experienced. This research is a case study that employs questionnaires and interviews as the data collection methods. Meanwhile, the data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The research study results in the finding of 6 negative impacts that social media could cause when they were used as a tool to develop CCU. Those negative effects include xenocentrism, exposure to inappropriate and negative contents, language shift, cultural stereotyping, culture shift, and social media addiction.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN FORMING A TOLERANT GENERATION ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY IN THE ISLAMIC MODERN BOARDING SCHOOL DARUSSALAM GONTOR
Authors: Syarifah  , Maskuri  , Junaidi Mistar
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the implementation of inclusive education values at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, a well-known Islamic educational institution in Indonesia. This study's primary goal is to comprehend how the implementation of inclusive education characters that include tolerance, cultural diversity, and interfaith dialogue are applied in a multicultural context in this pesantren. The research method used was a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and participatory observation as the main instruments of data collection. The research subjects included teachers, students, and administrators at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Qualitative data obtained from interviews and observations were analysed using content analysis. The results revealed various practices and efforts made by this institution in implementing inclusive education values. The findings also identify the challenges and opportunities faced in the process of implementing these values. This research has important implications for further understanding of Islamic religious education in a multicultural context and can provide guidance for similar educational institutions in realising inclusive and tolerant religious education in an increasingly diverse world.
THE EFFECT OF NUMERACY LITERACY SKILLS ON VERBAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN VIEWING BY LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Siskawati Fury Styo , Chandra Fitriana Eka
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the correlation and effect of numeracy literacy skills on verbal and written communication skills which are reviewed based on learning outcomes. The sample used was 35 students of the mathematics education study program at Jember Islamic University. The data collection method is a test, the instrument of the test is in the form of questions and documentation, and instrument documentation is in the form of learning outcome scores. The data analysis method is SEM PLS. The first analysis results that can be conveyed are related to the validity of the indicators for each variable, namely that they show that all valid indicators represent variables with values ​​greater than 0.500, the model used is good with results above 0.200. Furthermore, it can be said that there is a positive correlation between numeracy literacy skills and oral and written communication skills as well as direct learning outcomes. Apart from that, there is also an indirect positive correlation between numeracy literacy skills and verbal and written communication skills through reviewing learning outcomes where the results show positive values. Apart from showing a correlation, this research also shows an effect, where it is known that there is an effect between numeracy literacy skills and verbal and written communication skills as well as direct learning outcomes. Then there is also an effect between numeracy literacy skills and verbal and written communication skills through reviewing learning outcomes where the value is greater than 1,960. Based on the results of the research, recommendations that can be made are that teachers are expected to familiarize students with meaningful learning by providing practice questions that can train their numeracy literacy skills so that learning outcomes can be maximized. Other mathematical abilities can be taught, especially communication skills, both verbal and written.
Especialización industrial y flujos comerciales en la economía vasca a lo largo de los años noventa
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Bustillo Mesanza Ricardo
Published: February 2025

La economía vasca experimentó un intenso crecimiento en el output industrial durante la década de los noventa, el cual se vio favorecido por la depreciación de la peseta entre 1992 y 1995, como queda reflejada en la tendencia hacia la expansión del superávit comercial con el exterior y del déficit con el resto del Estado Español. Las alteraciones sufridas en la especialización productiva vasca reflejan un desplazamiento hacia las actividades de elasticidad-renta superior y una proyección en el comercio intraindustrial, aunque siga manteniendo todavía una alta concentración manufacturera en ramas tradicionales o intermedias.
MOBILE PHONE USE AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NASARAWA STATE
Authors: MUSA LADAN MOHAMMED  , THOMAS EJEH AMEH
Published: February 2025

This study examines the contributions of mobile phone use to poverty reduction among low-income households and vulnerable groups in Lafia, Akwanga and Karu Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is used as the theoretical basis for this study. The data for this study were obtained from primary source. A sample of respondents in the selected local government area of Lafia, Akwanga and Karu respectively were carried out using two sampling techniques: Multi-stage Sampling and Purposive Sampling. The sample size was obtained through the Cochran (1997) formula. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to examine the contributions of mobile phone use to poverty reduction among low-income households and vulnerable groups in Lafia, Akwanga and Karu Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State. The finding of the study shows that the current level of mobile phone penetration and usage makes a positive contribution to poverty reduction of low-income households and vulnerable groups in Lafia, Akwanga, and Karu Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State. Therefore, the study recommends that government and mobile phone network providers should make mobile phones more affordable and network service available in rural and underserved areas of the State so as to enable the vulnerable groups maximize its usage with the view to combating their poverty.
Autonomie de la femme : développement de l’Afrique
Authors:   Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY (Côte d’Ivoire), NIANGORAN Adjo Apolline
Published: February 2025

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les éléments déclencheurs de l’autonomie de la femme africaine. En effet, l’évaluation forte et la responsabilité rationnelle qui sont des caractéristiques essentielles de l’autonomie, conduisent la femme africaine à une prise de conscience et à une confiance en soi. Ainsi, l’autonomie de la femme fait référence à sa capacité à prendre des décisions concernant sa propre vie, ses droits et ses choix sans dépendre d’une autorité extérieure. À travers la méthode analytique, l’objectif est de montrer que l’autonomie de la femme représente un levier essentiel pour le développement de l’Afrique. En donnant à la femme plus de pouvoir décisionnel, un meilleur accès à l’éducation et à l’économie, on peut construire une société plus équitable, résiliente et prospère pour l’avenir. Le développement du continent est intrinsèquement lié à la promotion des droits et de l’autonomie des femmes.
L’IA et le développement en Afrique
Authors:   Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY (Côte d’Ivoire), KOUADIO Konan Jean-Marc
Published: February 2025

À l’instar de tous les pays du monde, le développement est un impératif pour les pays d’Afrique, d’autant plus que le continent abrite la population la plus jeune de la planète, avec un taux de naissance des plus élevés. Et sur ce continent, les défis par pays sont énormes pour espérer atteindre le stade de pays développé. Mais il faut bien commencer quelque part en faisant des choix stratégiques. Ainsi, au nombre des choix stratégiques prioritaires du moment, nous inscrivons l’IA. Ce travail voudrait donc établir une corrélation parfaite entre l’IA et le développement de l’Afrique. En effet, l’IA pourrait offrir de potentiels avantages aux pays du continent dans leur processus de développement. Pour cela, il faudrait déjà lever certains obstacles internes à nos pays respectifs sur les plans politique, social et économique. Faute de quoi, l’IA aurait du mal à y émerger. Dès lors, comment l’Afrique doit-elle s’y prendre pour tirer pleinement parti de l’IA dans divers secteurs pour amorcer son développement ? Cette étude propose, à partir d’approches analytique et critique, des solutions pour relever le défi de l’IA en Afrique dans des domaines où sa nécessité s’impose afin d’impulser le développement.
Les théories physiques selon Einstein
Authors:   Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY (Côte d’Ivoire), KOUASSI Kpa Yao Raoul
Published: February 2025

Dans le domaine de la cosmologie, Einstein soutient que la dynamique des théories physiques les a fait passer des théories physiques constructives aux théories physiques à principes. Pour comprendre cette dynamique, il nous a paru nécessaire de partir des théories explicatives ignorées par Einstein, pour comprendre le reste. Les deux parties du développement ont d’abord montré que les théories physiques constructives allant de Copernic à Newton sont nées de l’héritage grec mis en place depuis l’Antiquité et n’ont pas réussi à franchir le pas qui en fait des théories physiques à principes, malgré la puissance des lois scientifiques et les principes mathématiques. Le passage aux théories physiques à principe s’est imposé, dans la reconsidération des principes physiques en physique comme des axiomes depuis l’avènement de la théorie de la relativité et qui orientent la physique comme un ensemble de théories à principes. L’analyse a été dominée par les avis d’Einstein qui a opéré le changement radical qui rend la physique autonome et qui a aussi émis le vœu que l’histoire de la physique ne se fasse pas en ignorant l’avis prépondérant des physiciens.
A look at the local growth of the main foreign communities in Italy over the last twenty years
Authors: Amante Marina , Mucciardi Massimo
Published: February 2025

In the field of population studies, the process of spatial concentration tends to raise multiple and diverse issues. For this reason, the spatial settlement of foreign nationals in Italy has gained increasing interest because of its effects on social cohesion, integration programs and urban dynamics. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to assess the spatial distribution of foreign nationals in Italy in the years 2003 to 2023. Following new insights and using a population growth model, the study aims to discover patterns of concentration or dispersion of the foreign population within the different municipalities and metropolitan cities of Italy, making a temporal comparison. The analysis strategy used to achieve the aim is based on a local spatial analysis applied to the exponential development patterns, in addition to the global spatial analysis. The analysis conducted in this study finds spatial inequalities in the pattern of foreign population growth, highlighting areas with different levels of urbanization in relation to the different foreign citizenships considered.
Low fertility in context: the case of Italy
Authors: Comolli Chiara Ludovica , Carucci Agata Maria Madia , Bianchino Antonella
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies have shown that fertility behaviour in Italy, as elsewhere, strongly depends on subnational contextual factors. With this study we add to that literature investigating how group-specific fertility rates differ across fine-graded local areas’ characteristics. We utilize ISTAT micro-level vital registration records including all births registered in each Italian municipality for the year 2022 and information about parity and parents’ age to construct age- and parity- specific fertility rates. We match fertility data with the municipalities’ Inner Areas classification measuring the availability of (distance from) crucial services, and with other indicators of municipalities’ socioeconomic conditions that may influence fertility, such as per capita income, the share of high-tech workers and the availability of public childcare services. First, we present a descriptive illustration of the most recent group-specific fertility rates in different kinds of local areas in terms of population size, geographical location, and inner area class. Second, we utilize linear regression models to investigate the association between local areas’ characteristics and age- and parity-specific fertility rates.
Weighting a snowball sample through a pseudo-calibration: the case study of same-sex civil unions in Italy
Authors: Terribili Marco Dionisio
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an approach to addressing the challenges of selection bias and non-probabilistic characteristics of snowball sampling design, particularly in the context of social research involving hidden or hard-to-reach populations. The primary aim is to refine the weighting methodology of snowball sampling by introducing the pseudo-calibration technique to adjust the direct weights, equal to one, according to some available auxiliary variables, with the ultimate goal of producing more reliable and unbiased estimates.
The data for this case study is derived from a snowball sample survey, called the “Over the Rainbow” project, carried out on Instagram users who tag their photos with popular LGBTQ+ community hashtags. The username list is collected using web-scraping tools that identify relevant users. To address the sampling design's limitations, the study employs calibration and post-stratification methods. Calibration involves adjusting the weights of the sample data to match known population totals, while post-stratification involves dividing the sample into subgroups that align with known demographic distributions.
The proposed sampling weights are benchmarked on the Istat survey on all civil unions between same-sex couples, celebrated by Italian municipalities since 2016; this known totals source represents a reliable external reference to adopt sampling weights. The expected results of this study are twofold. First, the application of calibration should yield sample weights that are more representative of the target population, by aligning the sample distribution with known population totals. Second, post-stratification is anticipated to define pseudo-weights, adjusting the direct weights equal to one, refining the sample by ensuring that the subgroups within the sample correspond proportionally to those in the broader population. The combination of these methods is expected to significantly reduce the biases associated with traditional snowball sampling and attribute sampling weights not just equal to 1, as usually happens in snowball sampling.
The paper contributes to the statistical and social research field by offering a methodologically sound approach to improving the accuracy of snowball sampling designs, with practical implications for studying hard-to-reach populations on social media platforms.
Maf-family bZIP transcription factor NRL interacts with RNA-binding proteins and R-loops in retinal photoreceptors
Authors: Corso-Díaz Ximena , Liang Xulong , Preston Kiam , Tegshee Bilguun , English Milton A , Nellissery Jacob , Yadav Sharda Prasad , Marchal Claire , Swaroop Anand
Published: February 2025

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) perform diverse functions including the regulation of chromatin dynamics and the coupling of transcription with RNA processing. However, our understanding of their actions in mammalian neurons remains limited. Using affinity purification, yeast-two-hybrid and proximity ligation assays, we identified interactions of multiple RBPs with NRL, a Maf-family bZIP transcription factor critical for retinal rod photoreceptor development and function. In addition to splicing, many NRL-interacting RBPs are associated with R-loops, which form during transcription and increase during photoreceptor maturation. Focusing on DHX9 RNA helicase, we demonstrate that its expression is modulated by NRL and that the NRL-DHX9 interaction is positively influenced by R-loops. ssDRIP-Seq analysis reveals both stranded and unstranded R-loops at distinct genomic elements, characterized by active and inactive epigenetic signatures and enriched at neuronal genes. NRL binds to both types of R-loops, suggesting an epigenetically independent function. Our findings suggest additional functions of NRL during transcription and highlight complex interactions among transcription factors, RBPs, and R-loops in regulating photoreceptor gene expression in the mammalian retina.
In-Hospital vs 30-Day Sepsis Mortality at US Safety-Net and Non–Safety-Net Hospitals
Authors: Law Anica C. , Bosch Nicholas A. , Song Yang , Tale Archana , Lasser Karen E. , Walkey Allan J.
Published: May 2024

Importance

In-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis is frequently measured for benchmarking, both by researchers and policymakers. Prior studies have reported higher in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis at safety-net hospitals compared with non–safety-net hospitals; however, in critically ill patients, in-hospital mortality rates are known to be associated with hospital discharge practices, which may differ between safety-net hospitals and non–safety-net hospitals.

Objective

To assess how admission to safety-net hospitals is associated with 2 metrics of short-term mortality (in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality) and discharge practices among patients with sepsis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective, national cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 66 years and older, admitted with sepsis to an intensive care unit from January 2011 to December 2019 based on information from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to September 2023.

Exposure

Admission to a safety-net hospital (hospitals with a Medicare disproportionate share index in the top quartile per US region).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Coprimary outcomes: in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: (1) in-hospital do-not-resuscitate orders, (2) in-hospital palliative care delivery, (3) discharge to a postacute facility (skilled nursing facility, inpatient rehabilitation facility, or long-term acute care hospital), and (4) discharge to hospice.

Results

Between 2011 and 2019, 2 551 743 patients with sepsis (mean [SD] age, 78.8 [8.2] years; 1 324 109 [51.9%] female; 262 496 [10.3%] Black, 2 137 493 [83.8%] White, and 151 754 [5.9%] other) were admitted to 666 safety-net hospitals and 1924 non–safety-net hospitals. Admission to safety-net hospitals was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.13) but not 30-day mortality (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04). Admission to safety-net hospitals was associated with lower do-not-resuscitate rates (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91), palliative care delivery rates (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.73), and hospice discharge (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78-0.87) but not with discharge to postacute facilities (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, among patients with sepsis, admission to safety-net hospitals was associated with higher in-hospital mortality but not with 30-day mortality. Differences in in-hospital mortality may partially be explained by greater use of hospice at non–safety-net hospitals, which shifts attribution of death from the index hospitalization to hospice. Future investigations and publicly reported quality measures should consider time-delimited rather than hospital-delimited measures of short-term mortality to avoid undue penalty to safety-net hospitals with similar short-term mortality.
Clinical value of nano‐carbon lymphatic tracer for regional lymph node dissections of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shao Feng , Zhou Qi , Yu Fei , Pan Lelin , Li Lijun
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Regional lymph node (LN) volume decreases after neoadjuvant therapy, requiring a tracer for more accurate detection. Nano‐carbon tracer is a third‐generation tracer with several advantages, but its use for LN detection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for middle and low rectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and safety of anoscope‐guided subrectal injections of nano‐carbon suspension in this patient population.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 45 patients with middle and low rectal cancer admitted to our institution from March 2019 to March 2022. All patients received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and were divided into nano‐carbon injection (n = 23; anoscope‐guided injections of nano‐carbon suspension in the rectal submucosa 2 cm above the dentate line 24 h preoperatively) and control (n = 22; directly underwent surgery) groups. The LN detection and complication rates were compared between the groups.

Results

The total and mean numbers of LNs and small LNs and the number of patients with > 12 LNs were significantly higher in the nano‐carbon injection group than in the control group. The total number of positive LNs and LN metastasis did not differ between the groups, nor did the anastomotic leakage, bleeding, stenosis, and abscess occurrence rates.

Conclusions

Anoscope‐guided nano‐carbon lymphatic tracing increased the LN detection rate, caused less trauma, and resulted in fewer postoperative complications than the direct surgical procedure. Thus, it is an effective, safe, and practical method that may improve dissections and the postoperative pathological staging accuracy.
Reconfigurable Hanging Drop Microarray Platform for On‐Demand Preparation and Analysis of Spheroid Array
Authors: Kim Hwisoo , Kim Bumsoo , Kim Soo Jee , Choi Yejin , Kim Irene Hae‐Rim , Han Jieun , Park Young‐Gyun , Han Yong‐Mahn , Park Je‐Kyun
Published: May 2024

In response to the increasing demand for spheroid‐based cancer research, the importance of developing integrated platforms that can simultaneously facilitate high‐throughput spheroid production and multiplexed analysis is emphasized. In addition, the understanding of how the size and cellular composition of tumors directly influence their internal structures and functionalities underlines the critical need to produce spheroids of diverse sizes and compositions on a large scale. To address this rising demand, this work presents a configurable and linkable in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture kit (CLiCK) for spheroids, termed CLiCK‐Spheroid. This platform consists of three primary components: a hanging drop microarray (HDMA), a concave pillar microarray (CPMA), and gradient blocks. The HDMA alone produces a homogeneous spheroid array, while its combination with the gradient block enables one‐step generation of a size‐gradient spheroid array. Using the size‐gradient spheroid arrays, the occurrence of necrotic cores based on spheroid size is demonstrated. Additionally, spheroids in a single batch can be conveniently compartmentalized and regrouped using a CPMA, enhancing the versatility of spheroid arrays and enabling multiplexed drug treatments. By combining the different assembly methods, this work has achieved high‐throughput production of cell composition‐gradient spheroid arrays, with noticeable variations in morphology and vascularization based on cell compositions.
Enhanced Ocular Delivery of Beva via Ultra‐Small Polymeric Micelles for Noninvasive Anti‐VEGF Therapy
Authors: Yang Ruhui , Tang Sicheng , Xie Xiaoling , Jin Chaofan , Tong Yuhua , Huang Wenjuan , Zan Xingjie
Published: May 2024

Pathological ocular neovascularization resulting from retinal ischemia constitutes a major cause of vision loss. Current anti‐VEGF therapies rely on burdensome intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab (Beva). Herein ultrasmall polymeric micelles encapsulating Beva (P@Beva) are developed for noninvasive topical delivery to posterior eye tissues. Beva is efficiently loaded into 11 nm micelles fabricated via self‐assembly of hyperbranched amphiphilic copolymers. The neutral, brush‐like micelles demonstrate excellent drug encapsulation and colloidal stability. In vitro, P@Beva enhances intracellular delivery of Beva in ocular cells versus free drug. Ex vivo corneal and conjunctival‐sclera‐choroidal tissues transport after eye drops are improved 23‐fold and 7.9‐fold, respectively. Anti‐angiogenic bioactivity is retained with P@Beva eliciting greater inhibition of endothelial tube formation and choroid sprouting over Beva alone. Remarkably, in an oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) model, topical P@Beva matching efficacy of intravitreal Beva injection, is the clinical standard. Comprehensive biocompatibility verifies safety. Overall, this pioneering protein delivery platform holds promise to shift paradigms from invasive intravitreal injections toward simplified, noninvasive administration of biotherapeutics targeting posterior eye diseases.
Two‐Photon Excited Magneto‐Photoluminescence in Exciplex Material for 3D Mapping of Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Chenghao , Chang Qingda , Zhang Shuchun , Shi Bojun , Dai Chenghu , Zhang Chuang , Yin Baipeng , Pang Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

Two‐photon excited fluorescence materials with sufficient responsiveness to magnetic field are essential for applications such as 3D mapping of magnetic field distributions based on magneto‐optical effect. In this study, a two‐photon excited magneto‐photoluminescence (MPL) in the intermolecular exciplex of 1,1‐bis[(di‐4‐tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane and tris(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)phenyl)borane (TAPC:3TPYMB) is observed. This MPL can be attributed to the promotion of delocalization of excitons in the exciplex under two‐photon excitation, resulting in a weakened spin‐exchange interaction and thereby enhancing the magnetic field‐sensitive spin conversion process. The temperature‐dependent MPL further validates the strong correlation between the delocalization of excitons in the exciplex and the enhanced MPL observed during temperature variation. Combining the penetration capability and magneto‐optical effect of two‐photon excited fluorescence in TAPC:3TPYMB exciplex, a novel magnetic sensor suitable for 3D mapping of magnetic field distributions is further developed. The present work not only enhances the understanding of the magneto‐optical coupling mechanism but also opens up opportunities for the application of molecular materials in opto‐spintronic devices.
High‐Quality γ‐CsPbI3 Cuboid Crystallites Grown by Amorphous‐Complex Conversion for Efficient and Bright Deep‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ma Zhen‐Yu , Zhu Bai‐Sheng , Ru Xue‐Chen , Yin Yi‐Chen , Feng Li‐Zhe , Ding Guan‐Jie , Zhou Mei‐Yu , Song Yong‐Hui , Zhou Hong‐Min , Wang Cheng‐Ming , Hao Jing‐Ming , Yao Hong‐Bin
Published: May 2024

Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite has great potential to fabricate deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to excellent color purity, thermal stability, and carrier mobility. However, fabricating high‐quality CsPbI3 thin films for high‐performance LEDs remains challenging. While it is demonstrated that hydrogen bonds between organic ammonium cations and molecule additives can lead to high‐quality organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite films, this method cannot be applied to CsPbI3 thin films due to the absence of hydrogen bonds between Cs+ ions and additives. In this study, an amorphous complex‐seed‐crystal growth process to fabricate high‐quality γ‐CsPbI3 cuboid crystallite thin films, is reported. During the initial annealing, the metastable intermediates formed crystal nucleate seeds and transformed into amorphous complex intermediates, maintaining stability at an elevated temperature for perovskite crystallization. With prolonged annealing, the amorphous complex around the nucleate seeds gradually converts to γ‐CsPbI3 perovskite, enabling us to fabricate CsPbI3 thin films with high crystallinity and orientation. The resulting deep‐red LEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.5% and a high maximum luminance of 3158 cd m−2. Moreover, the devices show significantly suppressed efficiency roll‐off, maintaining an EQE of 14.8% even under a high current density of 500 mA cm−2.
In(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective [2+3+1] Annulation of 3‐Formylchromones with α‐Methylstyrenes for Divergent Synthesis of Tetrahydroxanthones
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Sim Hyo Seon , Aslam Mohammad , Rubio Peter Yuosef M. , Lee Yong Rok
Published: May 2024

An In(III)‐catalyzed [2+3+1] annulation strategy is developed for the diastereoselective construction of diversely functionalized tetrahydroxanthones bearing chromone rings. This protocol is based on a three‐component reaction involving various 3‐formylchromones and α‐methylstyrenes via a carbonyl‐ene and formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. Notable features of this reaction include its wide substrate scope, high tolerance towards functional groups, atom economy, and excellent diastereoselectivity. In addition, the synthesized tetrahydroxanthones are readily transformed into 2‐hydroxybenzophenone products.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Oxazoles: Aminotrifluoromethylation of Alkynes/in‐situ Cyclization
Authors: Jang Jihoon , Cho Eun Jin
Published: May 2024

We report the development of a four‐component electrochemical method for the synthesis of CF3‐oxazoles, utilizing alkynes and NaSO2CF3 in MeCN. The method leverages the simplicity and mildness of the reaction conditions, despite the inherent complexity of utilizing four distinct components through aminotrifluoromethylation of alkyne followed by in‐situ cyclization. Notably, in addition to MeCN solvent, the presence of residual water in the reaction mixture also contributed as a coupling partner. The synthesis involves a sequence of four controlled oxidation steps under constant potential with graphite electrodes, facilitated by the mediator TMEDA, highlighting the precision achievable in electrochemistry.