bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Pressure Growth and Characterization of Seven‐Layered CuBa2Ca6Cu7O17±δ Single Crystals
Authors: Ming Xue , Li Boyu , Zheng Bo , Liu Yuecong , Zhang Yuhang , Li Tian‐Yi , He Chengping , Zhu Xiyu , Song Dongsheng , Ge Binghui , Wen Hai‐Hu
Published: October 2024

In cuprates, the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is closely related to the number n of CuO2 planes per unit cell. The studies on multi‐layered cuprates offer insights into the physical properties and pairing mechanisms of superconductivity. However, the synthesis and stability of ultra‐multilayered cuprates pose significant challenges. Here, a newly discovered seven‐layered cuprate CuBa2Ca6Cu7O17±δ grown under high pressure is reported. Magnetization and transport measurements confirm bulk superconductivity with Tc of ≈85 K. The magnetization hysteresis loops, critical current density (Jc), and irreversibility fields of CuBa2Ca6Cu7O17±δ are also investigated. The novel compound CuBa2Ca6Cu7O17±δ provides an ideal platform for studying the physics of multi‐layered cuprates.
Air‐Pyrolysis Precision Synthesis of Functional Porous Carbon Materials
Authors: Ding Rong , Zhou Yu‐Pu , Zhang Yu‐Chuan , Chen Hao , Zeng Fu‐Rong , Wang Yu‐Tao , Liu Bo‐Wen , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Zhao Hai‐Bo
Published: October 2024

Carbon materials play a pivo tal role across various advanced applications, yet their synthesis traditionally necessitates inert atmospheres to avert oxidation at high temperatures, thus inflating production costs and resource utilization. Achieving precision synthesis of functional porous carbon materials via air‐pyrolysis remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a streamlined, one‐step lava‐like carbonization approach is introduced enabling the fabrication of porous carbons boasting tailored morphologies (0‐3D), elevated specific surface areas (540.7–1047.6 m2g⁻¹), heteroatom doping, and commendable carbon yields (20‐39.1%) through direct pyrolysis within an air environment. Leveraging recyclable boric acid as a reaction medium, a lava‐like flowing protective barrier above 170 °C is engendered that spontaneously creates an oxygen‐free‐like milieu devoid of high pressure or intricate procedures. This boron‐containing lava serves dually as a template and chemical activator, facilitating pore formation and catalyzing porous carbon production. Notably, the method accommodates a spectrum of carbon sources, encompassing sugars, proteins, graphene oxide, and their metal mixtures. The resultant morphologically customizable carbons exhibit excellent performance in areas as diverse as microwave absorption and electrocatalysis. This work pioneers a novel pathway for large‐scale precision synthesis of high‐quality carbon materials via air‐pyrolysis under mild conditions.
An Organic Small Molecule Electrode with Intermolecular Intercalation and Synergistic Effects for High‐Rate Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhao Yuxuan , Kang Fangyuan , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun
Published: October 2024

Designable molecular structures, unique ion‐coordination charge storage mechanisms, and resource sustainability enable organic electrode materials to become potential candidates for alkali metal‐ion batteries (AMIBs). Herein, integrating the excellent π–π stacking ability of Hexaazatriphenylene units and strong electron‐withdrawing properties of cyano (C≡N) groups into one moleuce, a π‐conjugated organic compound 1,4,5,8,9,11‐Hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN) is synthesized and systematically investigated as electrodes in Li/Na/K‐ion batteries. Explored by mechanism characterizations and density functional theory calculations, HAT‐CN can provide nine redox‐active sites for Na/K‐ions to intercalate/de‐intercalate, among which six Na/K‐ions are distributed evenly to both sides of conjugated skeletons through intermolecular intercalation and three Na/K‐ions are stored with the synergistic effect of C≡N groups. Employing HAT‐CN as electrodes, AMIBs are found to exhibit high reversible capacities, excellent rate capabilities, and stable cycle performances. After 100 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1, Na‐ion batteries present 415.6 mAh g−1 with a capacity fading rate of 1.2% per cycle. Meanwhile, K‐ion batteries maintain 345 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency ≈100%. Li‐ion batteries display superlithiation performances with ultra‐high reversible capacity. This work emphasizes the necessity of comprehensively studying the electrochemical performance of organic electrodes in different secondary battery systems and is conducive to maximizing electrode functionality.
Incorporation of Multiple Binding Sites into an Adaptive MOF for Sieving Butane Isomers
Authors: Song Danhua , Ji Zhenyu , Zou Shuixiang , Li Hengbo , Zhou Yunzhe , Chen Cheng , Wu Mingyan , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2024

Efficient separation of liner alkanes from branched alkanes is of prime importance in the petrochemical industry. Herein an adaptive metal‐organic framework FJI‐H38 is reported with 1D channel which can vary delicately ≈4.0 Å. The activated FJI‐H38 displays extremely large butane (n‐C4H10) capacity, especially at low pressure (44.15 cm3 g−1 at 298 K and 0.1 bar), but barely adsorbs isobutane (iso‐C4H10). Remarkably, FJI‐H38 possesses a high n‐C4H10/iso‐C4H10 selectivity of 246.75. Gas‐loaded single crystal X‐ray analysis and modeling calculation reveal that the synergetic effect of pore confinement and surfaces decorated with uncoordinated carboxyl group plays a critical role in the capture of the relatively smaller n‐C4H10 while the exclusion of the larger iso‐C4H10. In addition, dynamic breakthrough tests explicitly prove FJI‐H38 displays prominent separation performance for n/iso‐C4H10 under various conditions with ultra‐high productivity of high‐purity n‐C4H10 (42.48 L/kg, ≥99.0%) and iso‐C4H10 (42.35 L/kg, ≥99.95%).
A Universal Ternary Solvent System of Surface Passivator Enables Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 26%
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Huang Hao , Yang Yingying , Wang Min , Qu Shujie , Lan Zhineng , Jiang Tongtong , Wang Zhiwei , Du Shuxian , Lu Yi , Suo Yi , Cui Peng , Li Meicheng
Published: October 2024

Surface passivation is a vital approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in which the passivator solvent is an inevitable but easy‐ignored factor on passivation effects. Herein, a universal ternary solvent system of surface passivators is proposed through comprehensively considering the solubility and selective perovskite dissolution of the solvent to maximize the passivation effect. Tetrahydrothiophene 1‐oxide (THTO) is selected as the passivation promoter by comparing the binding energy with perovskite and the ability to distort the perovskite lattice among various aprotic polar solvent molecules, which can facilitate the passivator's reaction with perovskite and achieve sufficient passivation on perovskite surface. Besides, chlorobenzene (CB) is used as the diluting agent to minimize the amount of isopropanol (IPA), inhibiting the additional solvent‐induced defects. As a result, the planar PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.05%, (certificated 25.66%). Besides, the unencapsulated devices exhibit enhanced stability, which can maintain 95.23% and 95.68% of their initial PCE after 2000 h of storage in ambient air and 800 h of light‐soaking in N2‐glovebox. Moreover, this ternary solvent system also exhibits a well applicability and reliability in different passivator such as PEAI, BAI, and so on.
Piezoelectric Heterojunctions as Bacteria‐Killing Bone‐Regenerative Implants
Authors: Fan Youzhun , Zhai Jinxia , Wang Zhengao , Yin Zhaoyi , Chen Haoyan , Ran Maofei , Zhu Zurong , Ma Yubin , Ning Chengyun , Yu Peng , Mao Chuanbin
Published: October 2024

Heterojunctions are widely used in energy conversion, environmental remediation, and photodetection, but have not been fully explored in regenerative medicine. In particular, piezoelectric heterojunctions have never been examined in tissue regeneration. Here the development of piezoelectric heterojunctions is shown to promote bone regeneration while eradicating pathogenic bacteria through light‐cellular force‐electric coupling. Specifically, an array of heterojunctions (TiO2/Bi2WO6), made of piezoelectric nanocrystals (Bi2WO6) decorating TiO2 nanowires, is fabricated as a biocompatible implant. Upon exposure to near‐infrared light, the piezoelectric heterojunctions generate reactive oxygen species and heat to kill bacteria through photodynamic and photothermal therapy, respectively. Meanwhile, the mechanical forces of the stem cells grown on the implant trigger the heterojunctions to produce electric fields that further promote osteogenesis to achieve osteointegration. The heterojunctions effectively suppress postoperative recurrent infections while promoting osseointegration through the local electric fields induced by cells. Therefore, the piezoelectric heterojunctions represent a promising antibacterial tissue‐regenerative implant.
Paper‐Based Electronics: Toward Sustainable Electronics
Authors: Gomez‐Gijon Sonia , Ortiz‐Gómez Inmaculada , Rivadeneyra Almudena
Published: October 2024

The emergence of paper‐based electronic devices marks a significant leap forward in the design of flexible, lightweight, and eco‐friendly electronics. Paper‐based electronic sensors represent a transformative approach to creating flexible, lightweight, and environmentally friendly electronics. This review will discuss recent applications of paper‐based electronics, mainly in exploring emergent technologies employed in developing innovative sensors for chemical analysis. Furthermore, the role of paper‐based electronics in electrochemical, and physical sensing, specifically addressing relative humidity, temperature, pressure, and strain sensors will be commented. In addition, the integration of paper electronics in energy harvesting and storage is discussed, covering solar cells, tribogenerators, antennas, and supercapacitors. These advancements underscore the versatility and potential of paper‐based electronics in diverse applications, from wearable health monitors to sustainable energy solutions, paving the way for the future of recyclable and biodegradable electronic devices.
Threefold Impact on Reaction Coordinate Mapping of Zirconium Based Tri‐Chalcogenide Pseudo‐Monolayers as Emerging Ultrathin Catalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Prasanna Ponnappa Kechanda , Chakraborty Sudip
Published: October 2024

The continuous quest of finding optimum catalysts for photo‐electrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting has been revolving around 2D ultrathin materials because of the fact of exploiting both the surface area. In this work, a threefold impact is envisaged route to enhance the activity both in terms of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the emerging Zirconium Tri‐sulfides (ZrS3) based pseudo‐monolayers. Due to the unique and distinct electronic properties of the tri‐chalcogenide systems as compared to the di‐chalcogenide counterpart of Zirconium, one could afford to explore the implications of not only single‐atom functionalization and vacancy defect, but also the external strain to expedite the bifunctional catalytic activity in this promising material. Rigorous electronic structure calculations have been performed for the mentioned threefold effect on not only the band‐edge alignment, but going beyond to it by further constructing the reaction coordinate mapping corresponding to HER and OER mechanism. The repercussion of external strain in addition to the single atom functionalization and vacancy defect on the adsorption free energies of the prime intermediates of HER and OER reaction has been further correlated with the work function variation in this pseudo‐monolayer system.
Dual Strategies of Na+ Electrolyte Additives and Dendrites Protective Ti3C2TX‐MXene/Zn Anode with 2D MXene Nanosheet Encased Niobium Pyrophosphate (NbP2O7) Composite Binder‐Free Cathode for Stable Zinc‐Ion Storage
Authors: Patil Amar M. , You Hyo‐Min , Jadhav Arti A. , Hong Jongwoo , Das Sushanta K. , Dhas Suprimkumar D. , Lim Tae Jin , Lee Eunbyoul , Chung Kyung Yoon , Kim Kyeounghak , Jun Seong Chan
Published: October 2024

Zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising next‐generation energy storage systems (ESS) owing to high safety, material abundance, environmental friendliness, and low cost; however, the energy density of ZICs must be improved to compete with lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, the study implements three strategies to enhance the electrochemical performance and manage dendritic growth on Zn anodes, including crafting a highly efficient redox electroactive niobium pyrophosphate (NbP2O7)/Ti3C2TX‐MXene binder‐free cathode, incorporating a NaClO4 additive electrolyte, and applying a protective Ti3C2TX‐MXene layer on Zn anode. The cathode facilitates rapid Zn2+ ion diffusion and a stable host structure. An electrostatic protection layer formed in additive electrolyte and MXene layers regulates the uniform distribution of the electric fields and supports the equalization of nucleation sites. These results are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ZICs display an excellent specific capacitance (113.3 F g−1 at 1.5 A g−1) in aqueous additive electrolytes. The flexible solid‐state ZICs exhibits a volumetric capacitance of 865.05 mF cm−3, and an energy density of 0.347 mWh cm−3 at 2.29 mW cm−3 along with capacitance retention of >100% over 38 000 charge‐discharge cycles.
Hybrid Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Electric Field Energy Harvester for Simultaneous Wind and Electric Field Energy Capture in High‐Voltage Transmission System
Authors: Wang Qianwang , Hu Dongyang , Huang Xiaolong , Chen Zehong , Yuan Zitang , Zhong Lipeng , Sun Qiuqin , Wang Feng , Xu Sixing , Chen She
Published: October 2024

With the development of smart grids, efficient condition monitoring of high voltage transmission system has become crucial, necessitating reliable power supplies for distributed sensors. Traditional energy harvesters often focus on either internal or external sources, limiting overall efficiency. This study introduces a triboelectric‐electromagnetic‐electric field hybrid energy harvester (TEE‐HEH) that synergistically integrates triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), electromagnetic generators (EMGs), and electric field energy harvesters (EEHs) to simultaneously capture electric field and wind energy. Electric field energy is harvested via displacement currents between transmission lines and the ground, while TENGs and EMGs efficiently capture low‐ and high‐speed wind energy, respectively, enabling broadband harvesting (2.3–10 m s−1). The synergistic combination of TENG, EMG, and EEH within the TEE‐HEH leads to significantly enhanced energy capture efficiency from multiple sources. At a wind speed of 5 m s−1, a transmission line voltage of 25 kV, and a distance of 1.5 m, the TEE‐HEH achieved peak power outputs of 18.5 mW (TENG), 262 mW (EMG), and 1.85 mW (EEH), demonstrating enhanced energy collection efficiency. An environmental monitoring system has been powered, demonstrating the TEE‐HEH's practicality for dual‐source energy harvesting in smart grid applications.
Dynamic Water Microskin Induced by Photothermally Responsive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks for High‐Performance Light‐Tracking Water Evaporation
Authors: Tian Liang , Han Lihua , Wang Fang , Shen Haixia , Li Qing , Zhu Liangliang , Chen Su
Published: October 2024

Solar‐driven interfacial water evaporation is attracting increasing attention as a promising environmentally‐friendly solution to freshwater scarcity. It has been proven that a thin water layer on photothermal materials can prevent solar energy from invalidly heating the excess water to enhance the evaporation rate. However, the current water layers are usually formed on inelastic materials via confined capillarity, which are static and uncontrollable. Herein, we propose a flexible hydrogel‐based photothermal conversion material with thermal responsiveness by facile frontal polymerization, which can generate a unique dynamic water microskin (DWMS) during the solar evaporation process. The copolymerized hydrogel, introduced by the second polymeric poly(vinyl alcohol) network and thermally responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), exhibits reinforced mechanical strength and photothermally triggers reversible shrinking/swelling cycles that enable a thin water layer (≈32 µm) to balance the feedwater supply and photothermic energy input dynamically. As a result, a stable superior vaporization rate of 8.7 kg m−2 h−1 is achieved based on a cylindrical hydrogel with 6 cm height under 1 sun. Moreover, the simultaneous responsive bending allows efficient omnidirectional solar evaporation by light‐tracking to ensure maximum perpendicular solar absorption, which provides an alternative strategy for durable high‐efficiency solar evaporators for effective thermal management and solar utilization.
Characterisation of Fatty Acid Profiles in Tasmanian Atlantic Salmon Muscle, Oocytes and Eggs in Differing Fully Commercial Settings
Authors: Svendsgaard Freja , Zhan Xin , Adams Louise R. , Nichols David S. , Amoroso Gianluca , Codabaccus Mohamed B. , Adams Mark , Wilson Richard , Anderson Kelli
Published: October 2024

Tasmanian Atlantic salmon broodstock may be conditioned in flow‐through (FT) systems where water quality fluctuates and temperatures approach their upper limit of thermal tolerance, or in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) where conditions are comparatively cool and stable. The impact of broad conditioning approach on the molecular cargo of salmon eggs has never been explored in dynamic commercial settings. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise the reproductive features of broodstock conditioned using different commercial approaches and determine whether the fatty acid (FA) profiles of muscle, oocytes and eggs varied between groups during vitellogenesis and at stripping. The collective conditioning approach had a marked impact on the somatic and reproductive dynamics of female salmon broodstock, and the eggs produced by each group of fish were fundamentally different in terms of their FA composition. Of particular note is the increased maternal investment of saturated FAs (mg.g−1) and monounsaturated FAs (percent and mg.g−1) by FT‐based eggs, and the higher n3 polyunsaturated FA (percent and mg.g−1), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, percent and mg.g−1), arachidonic acid (ARA, percent), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, percent), n3:n6 ratio and ARA:EPA ratio of RAS‐based eggs. These metrics combined with the apparently higher prevalence of neural development and survival of RAS embryos suggest that RAS eggs were of higher quality. On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that FT broodstock attempt to prepare their offspring for a (presumably) challenging early life environment by producing larger eggs that are proportionally rich in short‐chain FAs and contain a higher total quantity of FAs per egg.
Unravelling the Effect of Crystal Facet of Derived‐Copper Catalysts on the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide under Unified Mass Transport Condition
Authors: Zhao Zi‐Hao , Ren Dan
Published: October 2024

Altering the physical structure and chemical property of copper, i.e., particle size, surface morphology, composition or crystal facet, has been demonstrated to be effective in steering the selectivity of products in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. However, these modifications generally result in the change of active surface area, leading to differences in geometric current density and local pH, which are also demonstrated to be the key factors for observed selectivity change. In this work, we deconvolute the effect of mass transport and local pH from the effect of crystal facet by investigating five copper‐based catalysts with identical roughness factor for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in an H‐cell. Interestingly, CuO‐derived catalyst stands out as the best catalyst for C−C coupling. At −1.07 V vs. RHE, the faradaic efficiency of C2+ product reaches 44.3 %, with a partial current density of −21.6 mA cm−2. Electrochemical adsorption of *OH reveals that the C2+ product selectivity of derived‐copper catalysts correlates positively with the ratio of Cu(100)/Cu(110) of five catalysts. Additionally, in situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the percentage of low‐frequency‐band linear CO (LFB‐CO), which is attributed to the adsorbed *CO on Cu(100) facet, increases with the C−C coupling efficiency.
Printing Cell Embedded Sacrificial Strategy for Microvasculature using Degradable DNA Biolubricant
Authors: Shi Jiezhong , Wan Yifei , Jia Haoyang , Skeldon Gregor , Jan Cornelissen Dirk , Wesencraft Katrina , Wu Junxi , McConnell Gail , Chen Quan , Liu Dongsheng , Shu Wenmiao
Published: October 2024

Microvasculature is essential for the continued function of cells in tissue and is fundamental in the fields of tissue engineering, organ repair and drug screening. However, the fabrication of microvasculature is still challenging using existing strategies. Here, we developed a general PRINting Cell Embedded Sacrificial Strategy (PRINCESS) and successfully fabricated microvasculatures using degradable DNA biolubricant. This is the first demonstration of direct cell printing to fabricate microvasculature, which eliminates the need for a subsequent cell seeding process and the associated deficiencies. Utilizing the shear‐thinning property of DNA hydrogels as a novel sacrificial, cell‐laden biolubricant, we can print a 70 μm endothelialized microvasculature, breaking the limit of 100 μm. To our best knowledge, this is the smallest endothelialized microvasculature that has ever been bioprinted so far. In addition, the self‐healing property of DNA hydrogels allows the creation of continuous branched structures. This strategy provides a new platform for constructing complex hierarchical vascular networks and offers new opportunity towards engineering thick tissues. The extremely low volume of sacrificial biolubricant paves the way for DNA hydrogels to be used in practical tissue engineering applications. The high‐resolution bioprinting technique also exhibits great potential for printing lymphatics, retinas and neural networks in the future.
Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium Complexes With N‐Phenylpicolinamide Ligands: Preparation and Catalytic Activity in Transamidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Jie , Luo Yu‐Zhou , Yao Zi‐Jian
Published: October 2024

A series of N,N‐chelate half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes based on N‐phenylpicolinamide ligands has been prepared with good yields through a facile route. These air and moisture stable N,N‐chelate half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes showed good catalytic efficiency in transamidation reactions between aromatic amines and amides under mild reaction conditions. A variety of secondary amides was obtained in high yields under open flask condition with broad substrates and good group tolerance. The excellent catalytic activity, broad substrate range, and mild reaction conditions make this catalytic system a potential candidate for industrial production. In addition, the structure of the prepared ruthenium complex has been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Curing reactions, reaction kinetics, and latency of epoxy resin cured with L‐tryptophan and L‐tyrosine
Authors: Rothenhäusler Florian , Hüser Daniel , Ruckdaeschel Holger
Published: October 2024

In the research on amino acids as bio‐based curing agents for epoxy resins, L‐tryptophan and L‐tyrosine have emerged as promising alternatives. Understanding the curing reactions and reaction kinetics is crucial for designing an appropriate curing regime to tailor the mechanical properties of thermosets. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the curing reactions, curing kinetics, and latency of epoxy resin cured with L‐tryptophan or L‐tyrosine in the presence of urea‐based accelerators. L‐tryptophan involves three distinct curing reactions, corresponding to its three functional groups, while data on L‐tyrosine as a curing agent is less definitive. The degree of cure can be reliably predicted using model‐free kinetics for all resin systems studied. Overall, the inclusion of accelerators facilitates rapid curing at elevated temperatures while maintaining adequate processability for up to four weeks of storage at room temperature.
Preparation of styrene‐phenylamine monomer copolymer nanospheres and its performance for stabilizing CO2 foam
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Zhang Jian , Wang Xiujun , Huang Bo , Hua Zhao , Fang Shenwen
Published: October 2024

Improving the stability of CO2 foam is a core concern in CO2 foam flooding oil recovery technology. Using hydrophobic nano‐SiO2 to enhance the stability of CO2 foam is a common approach, but hydrophobic nano‐SiO2 faces challenges, such as easy aggregation, difficult dispersion, and performance needs to improve. In this article, a novel dispersion of styrene‐phenylamine monomer copolymer (PSSN) nanosphere with primary amine groups on the surface was synthesized. The synthesis conditions of PSSN were optimized, and its performance for stabilizing CO2 foam was evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that PSSN had better performance for stabilizing CO2 foam than that of hydrophobic nano‐SiO2 when using cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) as the foaming agent. With the CAB concentration of 4000 mg/L and PSSN concentration of 100 mg/L in the brine having salinity of 8460 mg/L, the half‐life of CO2 foam at 90°C was 131 min, which was 43 min longer than that stabilized by hydrophobic nano‐SiO2 under the same conditions. This is for the first time that polystyrene microspheres with amine groups on the surface was used to stabilize CO2 foam. The study provides a new nanoparticle option for stabilizing CO2 foam.
Enhancing Burning Rate of Ammonium Nitrate by Ammonia Borane: Mechanism from Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yu Yin , Jiang Jun , Ye Cai‐Chao , Ju Xue‐Hai
Published: October 2024

The development of ammonium nitrate (AN)/ammonia borane (AB) as a green propellant is crucial for their applicability in different engines. This study investigates the release patterns of small products, particularly nitrogen‐containing molecules, during the initial pyrolysis of AN/AB at low and high pressures using ReaxFF MD simulations. Compared with pure AN, the addition of AB gives the hybrid system enhanced reactivity, leading to faster decomposition and higher energy release. The results show that the consumption of AN in the S13 system (AB with a mass ratio of 12.6 %) is accelerated at 1.47 MPa. NO2 and NO are produced through HNO3 and NO3. At 6.89 MPa, AN exhibits the fastest decomposition rate in the S15 system. The high pressure enhances more reactions of NO with free radicals such as NH and accelerates the release of N2. As the percentage content of AB increases to 15.3 %, more H2O while more NO2 is generated. The effect of AB on the generation of radicals such as H2 and H, is analyzed. AB not only promotes the initial pyrolysis of AN but also accelerates the conversion of intermediates.
Elucidating the Photo‐Induced Electronic Structure and Mechanisms of ZnAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide: A DFT Study
Authors: Wang Yi , Li ZiXian , Liu Huijie , Dong Wenjing , Zhao Yufei , Liu Lihong
Published: October 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been regarded as excellent catalysts for a variety of photocatalytic applications including the hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen fixation, et al. The elucidation of the photocatalytic mechanism of LDH‐based photocatalysts under light irradiation, especially at the ultraviolet (UV) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) region, at the molecular level has remained elusive. In this study, the photo‐induced electronic structure of ZnAl‐LDH materials was investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanism, both in the UV and DUV region, was gained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The UV and DUV regions exhibit distinct excitation characteristics, revealing the complex interactions between electrons and holes within the system. The DUV region significantly promotes electron transfer, indicating the potential application of LDH materials as a DUV catalysis material. This study elucidates the electron transfer kinetics in LDHs upon UV and DUV irradiation, thereby offering new perspective for the development of photocatalytic materials under different light region.
Simulated Exact Confidence Intervals: With Applications to Censored Exponential Reliability Data
Authors: Lindqvist Bo Henry , Taraldsen Gunnar
Published: October 2024

A method for constructing exact simulated confidence intervals is presented, valid for situations with both discrete and continuous observations. The idea of the method is to invert a data generating function, which needs not be monotone, and where special attention is taken when the data generating function contains jumps. The method is applied to obtain exact confidence intervals for certain types of censored data from exponential distributions. The censoring schemes under study are earlier treated in the literature, and a comparison to these approaches is considered. The connection to fiducial inference is discussed, and a difference in the paradigm of obtaining intervals for the parameter is studied.
Fruit and vegetable waste as a raw material for obtaining functional antioxidants and their applications: A review of a sustainable strategy
Authors: García‐González Adilson G. , Pasiano Rivas‐García  , Carlos Escamilla‐Alvarado  , Ramírez‐Cabrera Mónica A. , Paniagua‐Vega David , Uriel Galván‐Arzola  , Cano‐Gómez José J. , Escárcega‐González Carlos E.
Published: October 2024

The growing concern about environmental sustainability and increasing fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) generation have stimulated research into their potential valorization. This paper explores using this type of waste to obtain beneficial antioxidants in various fields of study. It is imperative to delve into the problems associated with FVW, shedding light on the staggering amounts generated and the environmental and economic challenges of waste disposal. The biochemical composition of FVW reveals the diverse array of components present, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and of course antioxidants, which can be obtained through different extraction methods, depending on the conditions, the efficiency and the purpose that is required during the process of separation of these compounds from the organic matter. Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals, which contributes to combating various conditions and diseases to promote and preserve human health. Several groups of antioxidants have been described, such as polyphenolic compounds in significant amounts in plant biomass as FVW. These antioxidants demonstrate benefits, efficacy and potential applications in industries like medicine, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and functional foods. The valorization of FVW as a source of antioxidants presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management and the production of natural antioxidants. This approach contributes to environmental preservation and promotes circular economy principles by transforming waste into valuable resources. This paper provides valuable insights into the vast potential of FVW valorization for antioxidant production and its application across diverse industries.
Accuracy of warm ischemia time measurement using a surgical intelligence software in partial nephrectomies: A validation study
Authors: Khandekar Archan , Porto Joao G. , Daher Jean C. , Freitas Pedro F. S. , Asselman Dotan , Suarez Maritza M. , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Parekh Dipen J. , Punnen Sanoj
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to compare the accuracy of warm ischemia times (WITs) derived by a surgical artificial intelligence (AI) software to those documented in surgeon operative reports during partial nephrectomy procedures and to assess the potential of this technology in evaluating postoperative renal function.

Patients and methods

A surgical AI software (Theator Inc., Palo Alto, CA) was used to capture and analyse videos of partial nephrectomies performed between October 2023 and April 2024. The platform utilized computer vision algorithms to detect clamp placement and removal, enabling precise WIT measurement. Expert‐reviewed surgical videos served as the ground truth. Platform‐derived WITs were compared to those in surgeon operative reports using paired‐sample t‐tests. Additionally, we analysed the correlation between platform‐derived WITs and postoperative creatinine levels extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) integrated via health level seven (HL7) messaging protocols.

Results

Of 64 eligible cases, 61 were included in the final analysis. Platform‐derived WITs were within 1 min of the ground truth in all procedures, within 30 s in 97%, and within 10 s in over 80%. The mean difference between platform‐derived WITs and ground truth was 8.3 s, significantly lower than the 2.45 min difference for operative reports (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between platform‐derived WIT and postoperative creatinine changes, aligning with the view that WIT may not independently determine postoperative renal function. Although not the primary goal of this study, significant correlations were observed between WIT, tumour size and RENAL score.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the high accuracy of a surgical intelligence platform in measuring WIT during partial nephrectomies. The findings support the use of AI‐based surgical time measurement for precise intraoperative documentation and highlight the potential of integrating these data with EHRs to advance research on surgical outcomes.
AIEE—Active Green Fluorescence Imaging Technique for Latent Fingerprint Application
Authors: Purushothaman Palani , Nishanthi S. , Induja B. , Umabharathi P. S. , Sethupathi M. , Karpagam Subramanian
Published: October 2024

Latent fingerprint imaging is a crucial tool for national security and crime recognition, requiring environmentally sustainable, nontoxic materials. To address this need, we have developed a green fluorescence‐emitting material, THCHO, that binds effectively to latent fingerprints, enabling clear, high‐resolution visualization. The solution produces strong green fluorescence that highlights fingerprint imprints with exceptional detail and contrast. The material is applicable across various substrates, making it efficient for on‐site visualization. The synthesized organic conjugated material THCHO rapidly visualizes precise fingerprint substructures within 5 s using a simple spray method. It maintains high contrast and low interference across different substrates, such as glass, aluminum foil, plastic, and ironware, even in diverse backgrounds. Additionally, the THCHO material demonstrates high stability, retaining its fluorescence imaging capabilities for up to 35 days and after water washing. This is the first report of using a conjugated organic thiophene material for latent fingerprint fluorescence imaging, suggesting potential applications in other fields.
Inhibition Control by Continuous Extractive Fermentation Enhances De Novo 2‐Phenylethanol Production by Yeast
Authors: Brewster Alessandro , Oudshoorn Arjan , van Lotringen Marion , Nelisse Pieter , van den Berg Emily , Luttik Marijke , Daran Jean‐Marc
Published: October 2024

Current microbial cell factory methods for producing chemicals from renewable resources primarily rely on (fed‐)batch production systems, leading to the accumulation of the desired product. Industrially relevant chemicals like 2‐phenylethanol (2PE), a flavor and fragrance compound, can exhibit toxicity at low concentrations, inhibit the host activity, and negatively impact titer, rate, and yield. Batch liquid‐liquid (L‐L) In Situ Product Removal (ISPR) was employed to mitigate inhibition effects, but was not found sufficient for industrial‐scale application. Here, we demonstrated that continuous selective L‐L ISPR provides the solution for maintaining the productivity of de novo produced 2PE at an industrial pilot scale. A unique bioreactor concept called “Fermentation Accelerated by Separation Technology” (FAST) utilizes hydrostatic pressure differences to separate aqueous‐ and extractant streams within one unit operation, where both production and product extraction take place ‐ allowing for the control of the concentration of the inhibiting compound. Controlled aqueous 2PE levels (0.43 ± 0.02 g kg−1) and extended production times (>100 h) were obtained and co‐inhibiting by‐product formation was reduced, resulting in a twofold increase of the final product output of batch L‐L ISPR approaches. This study establishes that continuous selective L‐L ISPR, enabled by FAST, can be applied for more economically viable production of inhibiting products.
Effects of Goreisan in the Perioperative Period of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kajikawa Hiroyuki , Matsuura Keita , Ii Yuichiro , Tabei Ken‐ichi , Nakamura Naoko , Ishikawa Hidehiro , Nishiguchi Yamato , Matsuda Kana , Kagawa Ken , Ichikawa Naoki , Araki Tomohiro , Shindo Akihiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Perifocal brain edema sometimes occurs after DBS surgery, but it is transient and does not affect the final prognosis. Transient deterioration of cognitive function has been reported in patients with frontal edema in the first postoperative week. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Goreisan in preventing edematous changes after DBS and determine the influence of edema on cognition.

Methods

We included 29 patients with PD who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS and who were divided into 2 groups: those using (11 patients) and those not using Goreisan (18 patients). At 1 week postoperatively, all patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. We measured the volume of edema either in the frontal white matter or STN on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Finally, brain edema, motor function, and cognitive function were compared between the groups with and without Goreisan.

Results

In the FLAIR image 1 week postoperatively, the average postoperative frontal subcortical edema (FE) volume of the group with Goreisan was significantly lower than that without Goreisan (2249 ± 2186 mm3, 6261 ± 7213 mm3, respectively, p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis with age, preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, FE, and peri‐STN edema (SE) as factors, and MMSE at 1 week postoperatively as the dependent variable showed that preoperative MMSE score and SE were significant as associated factors.

Conclusions

FE after DBS surgery may be alleviated using Goreisan. SE and preoperative MMSE scores were associated with MMSE scores 1 week postoperatively.

Trial Registration

Not applicable
Lessons to learn from pilot studies in clinical trials: The example of a trauma‐focused treatment for female survivors of intimate partner violence
Authors: Sánchez‐Ferrer Silvia , Antón Ana A. , Miguel‐Alvaro Alejandro , Crespo María
Published: October 2024

Background

Research on pilot studies is scarce, despite their importance for the development of effective clinical trials. There is a lack of work addressing the process, limitations and strategies derived from these studies. This gap is even more evident in research studying targeted populations, such as victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), who present specific difficulties, such as high dropout rates, or require the application of challenging treatments, such as trauma‐focussed exposure therapy.

Aim

This paper describes a pilot study (PS) implemented as a preliminary step in the development of a clinical trial (CT), in which a trauma‐focussed treatment for survivors of IPV with post‐traumatic symptomatology was applied. The problems identified in the PS and the solutions that were implemented in the CT are described. Additionally, comparisons between the PS and CT with respect to participant adherence to treatment and satisfaction, as perceived by the participants and the therapist, are analysed.

Results

Results indicate that satisfaction with the treatment was high in both studies; dropouts showed a significant decrease in the CT (25% in CT vs. 75% in the PS; p = .028), while group cohesion increased.

Conclusions

It is concluded that conducting pilot studies allows adapting treatments to the study population, which seems to increase the quality of clinical trials, subsequently improving the evidence of psychological interventions.
“It Can't Just Be the Younger People”: Exploring Young Activists' Perspectives on Intergenerational Tensions and Solidarities for Climate Justice
Authors: Trott Carlie D.
Published: October 2024

Youth activism for climate justice is inherently intergenerational. Fundamentally, young activists demand urgent action by today's adult power‐holders for the security and well‐being of their own and future generations. Despite intergenerationality being core to the movement, few studies with young activists have explored their views and experiences of intergenerational relations and tensions and how to advance intergenerational solidarities for climate justice. Addressing these critical topics, the present study used in‐depth interviews with young activists (ages 15–17) in the climate justice movement across the US. Themes generated through reflexive thematic analysis centre on: (1) youths' adoption of “next generation” and “last generation” identities, respectively emphasising the heightened climate risks faced by their own and future generations, and the closing window of opportunity to prevent catastrophic climate breakdown; (2) their experiences of hostile and benevolent adultism; and (3) the need for adults to listen to, take seriously, centre, amplify, and—most importantly—respond to youths' demands. They urge adults, particularly those in powerful positions, to use their age‐based privilege, political enfranchisement, material resources, professional status, and decision‐making authority to uplift young people's voices and tangibly advance climate justice through solidarity‐driven intergenerational partnerships and action. Implications for youth‐centred research and policy are discussed.
A case report of hepatic subcapsular hematoma: Newborn with an autoimmune hemolytic condition
Authors: Li Yunxin , Wang Aijie , Huang Ranran , Zhang Guowei
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma in a newborn baby detected with an autoimmune hemolytic condition due to ABO incompatibility. Magnetic resonance imaging could be helpful in differentiating hepatic subcapsular hematoma from other abdominal masses.
Synthesis of Dibenzoazulene Derivatives via Pd‐Catalyzed (3+2) Alkyne Annulation of Dibenzosuberenone
Authors: Ma Zhuangzhuang , Qin Liyuan , Shangguan Zhichun , Shu Yilin , Ma Junlong , Liang Qi , Li Cheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Duan Zheng , Zhang Deqing
Published: October 2024

Non‐benzenoid PAHs with pentagon/heptagon pairs have unique electronic structures and promising opto‐electronic properties. However, the construction of pentagon/heptagon pair units in these PAHs is challenging. Herein, we developed a Pd‐catalyzed (3+2) alkyne annulation reaction of heptagons, and constructed heptagon/pentagon pairs. The substrate scope is wide and the yield is good to moderate. A series of dibenzoauzlene derivatives were synthesized and their opto‐electronic properties were systematically studied by UV‐vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the dibenzoazulene derivative was further transformed to tropylium cation and tropyl radical, which showed bathochromic shifted absorption and switched aromaticity.
3D Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined With Chemometrics as a Tool for Control of Imprinted Protein Purification From Template Molecules
Authors: Burmistrova Natalia A. , Ilicheva Polina M. , Presnyakov Kirill Yu. , Pidenko Pavel S. , Rutledge Douglas N.
Published: October 2024

Imprinted proteins (IPs) are promising alternatives to natural recognition systems, such as biological receptors or antibodies. One of the crucial stages during development of IPs is removal of the template molecules from its complex with the protein. In this study, bovine serum albumin was imprinted in the presence of 4‐hydroxycoumarin (4‐HC); purification of IPs were carried out by dialysis, and fluorescence 3D spectroscopy was used to monitor the IP purification process. Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) was further investigated via several chemometric algorithms (principal component analysis [PCA], parallel factor analysis [PARAFAC], and independent components analysis [ICA]). We found that the models using PARAFAC and ICA worked better than those of PCA. It was shown that PARAFAC and ICA analyses allow not only to recognize IP sample with signal close to nonimprinted protein, but also to provide recommendations on the optimal dialysis time.
Modeling an Industrial Hydrochlorination of Glycerol – A Systematic Study of Basic Reactor Types
Authors: Baum Philipp Adrian , Gerlach Martin , Hamel Christof
Published: October 2024

Modeling and optimization of real chemical reactors is challenging. A program to systematically compare the performance of an existing reactor with basic reactor models was built. The program was tested on the hydrochlorination of bio‐based glycerol in a bubble column. The model‐based approach provided insights into the reactor's concentration profiles, mass transfer, and mixing. In this case study, a plug‐flow tubular reactor (PFTR) is sufficient as a model for process intensification. Based on the results, a novel reactor design that significantly improves yields was proposed and simulated.
Understanding the Mineral Nutrient Value of Wheat Residue
Authors: Adams Curtis B. , Rogers Christopher W. , Marshall Juliet M. , Hatzenbuehler Patrick , Walsh Olga S. , Thurgood Garrett , Dari Biswanath , Loomis Grant , Tarkalson David
Published: October 2024

There is a substantial pool of mineral nutrients contained in wheat residue, concentrated in K, which has substantial economic value. Given this value, it is important for wheat producers to weigh the relative benefits of residue harvest, which gives immediate but marginal revenue gains, and residue retention, which has multifaceted benefits that include substantial savings on future nutrient costs. Persistent removal of nutrients from agronomic systems through residue harvest affects soil nutrient availability in the short‐ and long‐term, and the timing and magnitude of these changes will depend on the cropping system and soil. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.