bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN MAJELIS TAKLIM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN BERAGAMA DI LINGKUNGAN MUSHOLLA NURUL IMAN
Authors: Augusti Alifian Khafif , Hidayanti Henny Narendrany
Published: February 2024

Salah satu faktor pembentuk kesadaran beragama adalah faktor eksternal yaitu majelis taklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran majelis taklim dalam upaya-upaya apa saja yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran beragama. Sample penelitian yaitu Ketua dan Wakil Ketua Majelis Taklim Nurul Iman. Metode penelitian dengan field research, Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tahapan mereduksi, mendisplay, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan upaya majelis taklim Nurul Iman dalam meningkatkan kesadaran beragama melalui kegiatan sosial dan keagamaan. Dan kegiatan tersebut memiliki manfaat terhadap kesadaran beragama
Penguatan Kekuasaan Kehakiman di Indonesia Melalui Peradilan Etik
Authors: Damaitu Emanuel Raja , Kautsar Christian Adam
Published: February 2024

Abstrak:Hakim sebagai salah satu aparat penegak hukum yang menjadi ujung tombak keadilan di masyarakat ketika terjadi sebuah sengketa harus memegang teguh etika dan moralitas. Peradilan dan etika adalah dua kata yang bisa dibedakan, tetapi tidak bisa dipisahkan. Untuk menjaga kepercayaan publik (public confidence) terhadap profesi hakim, baik itu hakim negara bagian maupun hakim federal dan institusi peradilan di Amerika Serikat, setiap ada pelanggaran terhadap Code of Judicial Conduct akan dilakukan tindakan disipliner dan bahkan pemberhentian hakim yang telah terbukti berperilaku tidak pantas tersebut. Penegakan kode etik hakim di Italia dilakukan oleh asosiasi hakim (dan jaksa) secara internal. Keberadaan peradilan etik pada akhirnya akan semakin memperkuat kekuasaan kehakiman dan kebijaksanaan peradilan sebagai lembaga yang menyelesaian sengketa di masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Kekuasaan Kehakiman; Peradilan Etika; Perbandingan Hukum.

Abstract:Judges as one of the law enforcement officers who spearhead justice in society when a dispute occurs must uphold ethics and morality. Judiciary and ethics are two words that can be distinguished, but cannot be separated. In order to maintain public confidence in the profession of judges, both state judges and federal judges and judicial institutions in the United States, every violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct will be subject to disciplinary action and even dismissal of judges who have been proven to have behaved inappropriately. Enforcement of the code of ethics of judges in Italy is carried out by associations of judges (and prosecutors) internally. The existence of an ethical court will ultimately further strengthen judicial power and judicial policy as an institution that resolves disputes in society.Keywords: Judicial Power; Justice Ethics; Comparative Law.
Dados, algoritmos e plataformas
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Peixoto , Soares Evandro Smarieri , Faleiros Fabiano Galletti , Francis Laura , Schiavetto Stefano
Published: February 2024

"Dados, algoritmos e plataformas" é uma entrevista com Pablo E. "Manolo" Rodríguez, realizada neste ano de 2022. Junto com “Comunicación e información: la refundación de la tecnología, las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales en Gilbert Simondon”, transcrição da conferência proferida por ele no evento Informação, tecnicidade, individuação: a urgência do pensamento de Gilbert Simondon, realizado na Unicamp em 2012, ela traz para o dossiê dois momentos distintos, separados por um intervalo de dez anos, de sua reflexão sobre como pensar teórica e politicamente a partir de Simondon, e os desafios que tal postura intelectual coloca para as ciências sociais.
Time
Authors: Schnall Adrian M.
Published: February 2024

Time
My index finger was reaching for 
the up button on the elevator 
when the voice sounded above, 
Code Blue Tower 8. Code Blue Tower 8.
I broke for the stairs. 
 
They were getting the paddles in place; 
the First Year with the floppy hair, Ethan, 
pumping the chest; the Night Float,
Emily, manning an Ambu-Bag;
Jamie, the Resident, running the code.
 
I dared a look at the face – 
Ken, with whom I’d traded jokes 
for twenty years – Ken, whom I’d told 
yesterday his time was coming – 
he’d be back home, maybe two days.
 
Clear! barked Jamie. Hands backed away,
motion suspended. A very long second.
The shape on the bed gave a shudder.
Then Jamie’s voice: Excellent, a rhythm.
 
A rhythm – but no pulse.
Hands were pumping again, 
counting, squeezing in air. 
The spark was there on the screen – 
life, dancing across it – 
but none of the tiny muscles 
in the heart were listening. 
 
Epi. Atropine. Thirty minutes. 
Ethan looked up at Jamie, she 
shot a glance at me. Someone 
had to say it – and first 
right of refusal to the guy 
with gray hair.
 
A power none of us wished for – 
a power none of us have – 
but the world pretends.
 
I felt my head move up and down.
Jamie’s eyes found the clock – 
7:44 AM, she said. Time.
Space Economy: Global Dimension and France’s Experience
Authors: Klinova M.
Published: February 2024

Various approaches to the space economy are considered, its components are highlighted. Space and the knowledge about it, being the bedrock of the space economy, are considered as a public good. The space economy as a factor of geopolitics and realization of sustainable development goals is an area of competition and cooperation for global actors. On the one hand, the leading role of the State and its expenditures now and next in space exploration and development is emphasized, on the other hand, the growing role of public and private companies’ partnership is gaining momentum, including commercial projects for launching people into space not only for research, but also for recreational purposes by reusable launch vehicles. The gap between the USA as a leader of the space economy and its competitors exploring and using space for civil and military purposes has been statistically proven. The traditional disparity between spending on civilian and military projects in space is shrinking, and the parity may be set by 2030. The key role of France – the leading country of the EU and of the countries of the ESA – in the genesis and development of the space economy in the West European part of the continent is revealed. Such an important role of France is largely due to the attention that has historically been paid to this sphere of the national economy, based on the use of nuclear technologies by the only nuclear power in the EU. The dynamics of the space economy is not in favor of France and Europe, largely due to insufficient financing (both public and private), with a great difference between European space budget and that of the USA and China. The conclusion is made that it is unlikely for France (and the EU) to bridge the gap with these leaders in the foreseeable future, despite the planned increase in investments for this innovative sector of the economy.
A New Seafood Import Policy for Nations to Combat Illegal Fishing
Authors: Roberson Leslie , Hosch Gilles , Wilcox Chris , Dominguez Martinez Rosa Mar , Sant Glenn , Klein Carissa
Published: February 2024

The environmental and social sustainability of seafood is jeopardized by rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Regulations implemented by fishing countries and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations are insufficient to combat illegal fishing; complementary efforts from the consumer end of the supply chain are essential. Despite the growing reliance on imported seafood globally, only four market states have implemented legislation to regulate the legality of seafood products from other countries. We provide an overview of the existing import regulations to address the widespread confusion about the structure and scope of these measures. We propose eight key design criteria for more effective seafood import policies, emphasizing the need for a centralized, fully electronic catch documentation and import monitoring system with automated fraud checks and a broad scope of species covered. The Australian government is currently developing its new seafood import policy and has the opportunity to design a world-leading system that encourages multilateral cooperation to help combat illegal fishing. Through the implementation of import regulations that address key flaws in existing frameworks, market states like Australia can foster a more cohesive and effective front against illegally sourced seafood, improving the sustainability of global fisheries.
Artificial Intelligence as A Complementary Tool for Clinic Decision-Making in Stroke and Epilepsy
Authors: Shah Smit P , Heiss John D
Published: February 2024

Neurology is a quickly evolving specialty that requires clinicians to make precise and prompt diagnoses and clinical decisions based on the latest evidence-based medicine practices. In all Neurology subspecialties, Stroke and Epilepsy in particular, clinical decisions affecting patient outcomes depend on neurologists accurately assessing patient disability. Artificial intelligence (AI) can predict the expected neurological impairment from an AIS (Acute Ischemic Stroke), the possibility of ICH (IntraCranial Hemorrhage) expansion, and the clinical outcomes of comatose patients. This review article informs readers of artificial intelligence principles and methods. The article introduces the basic terminology of artificial intelligence before reviewing current and developing AI applications in neurology practice. AI holds promise as a tool to ease a neurologist’s daily workflow and supply unique diagnostic insights by analyzing data simultaneously from several sources, including neurological history and examination, blood and CSF laboratory testing, CNS electrophysiologic evaluations, and CNS imaging studies. AI-based methods are poised to complement the other tools neurologists use to make prompt and precise decisions that lead to favorable patient outcomes.
Large Scale Speech Recognition for Low Resource Language Amharic, an End-to-End Approach
Authors: Ejigu Yohannes Ayana , Asfaw Tesfa Tegegne
Published: February 2024

Speech recognition, or automatic speech recognition (ASR), is a technology designed to convert spoken language into text using software. However, conventional ASR methods involve several distinct components, including language, acoustic, and pronunciation models with dictionaries. This modular approach can be time-consuming and may influence performance. In this study, we propose a method that streamlines the speech recognition process by incorporating a unified recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture. Our architecture integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) with an RNN and employs a connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss function.
Key experiments were carried out using a dataset comprising 576,656 valid sentences, using erosion techniques. Evaluation of the model performance, measured by the word error rate (WER) metric, demonstrated remarkable results, achieving a WER of 2%. This approach has significant implications for the realm of speech recognition, as it alleviates the need for labor-intensive dictionary creation, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of ASR systems, and making them more applicable to real-world scenarios.
For future enhancements, we recommend the inclusion of dialectal and spontaneous data in the dataset to broaden the model's adaptability. Additionally, fine-tuning the model for specific tasks can optimize its performance for targeted objectives or domains, further enhancing its effectiveness in those areas.
Cancer Drugs and Target Prediction in Human. Minireview
Authors: Calderon Guzman David , Osnaya Brizuela Norma , Valenzuela Peraza Armando , Ortiz Herrera Maribel , Ortega Garcia Diego , Juarez Olguin Hugo , Barragan Mejia Gerardo
Published: February 2024

The present minireview assessed the benefits of using artificial intelligence applications in healthcare at predicting the targets of bioactive small molecules in human. Method. The tool is a tuned algorithm, with novel data in web interface. Results. We used tables to order the information of Swiss Target Prediction that allow predictions on combination of chemotherapies and probable side effects. This tool is useful to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying a given phenotype or bioactivity, to rationalize possible favorable or unfavorable side effects and to predict off-targets of known molecules as well as to clear the way for drug repurposing. Predictions are done using a ligand-based approach to compare the similarity between a query molecule and the known ligands of a large collection of protein targets. Conclusion. This study allowed us to formulate recommendations for the use of some of the chemotherapeutic agent groups in cancer patients at a low cost. It is very important and beneficial for patients that take medicine for a longer period and on whose lives depend on such treatment.
Assessing the Decade After: A Critical Analysis of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the Libya Intervention
Authors: Estriani Heavy Nala
Published: February 2024

Currently, 12 years post-NATO intervention, Libya falls into the category of a fragile state, with worsening indices in the economic, security, and social aspects since 2011. While not a new topic, the situation in Libya in 2011 can always serve as a lesson and exemplification of the discourse on humanitarian intervention, specifically the principal aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The current situation in Libya raises questions about whether there were flaws in the military intervention carried out by the NATO alliance in 2011. This paper aims to analyze the just ad bellum features related to the principal aspects within R2P were implemented in the NATO intervention in Libya. Thus, this study argues that the failure of the military intervention in Libya is due to the non-fulfillment of the basic aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), especially in relation to just ad bellum, such as right authority, last resort, just cause, right intention, proportional means, and reasonable prospects in carrying out humanitarian intervention.
Hubungan Pengetahuan K3 dan Sikap dengan Unsafe Action pada Mekanik Bengkel di Pulogebang Jakarta Timur
Authors: Cakraningrum Sri Aji , Rinawati Seviana , Wardani Tyas Lilia
Published: February 2024

The average motorcycle repair industry grows and operates in the informal sector. Mechanic activities such as oil change services, oil filter replacement, carburetor cleaning, spare parts replacement, and engine disassembly usually come into contact with chemicals such as lubricants or oils, thinners, battery fluids, and gasoline. These activities can lead to work accidents and diseases such as slips, sprains, pinches, falls, and being hit by work equipment such as pliers and screwdrivers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between occupational safety and health knowledge and attitudes towards unsafe actions in mechanics in Pulogebang, East Jakarta. This study uses an analytical observational research method with a quantitative research approach. The research design used was a cross-sectional study conducted at a motorcycle automotive workshop. The sampling method used was a saturated sampling technique with 38 respondents. The tools used in this study were questionnaires on occupational safety and health knowledge, attitude, and unsafe action. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between occupational safety and health knowledge (p=0.000) and attitude (p=0.000) with unsafe action. Occupational safety and health knowledge had a wald value of 4.732 and attitude had a wald value of 4.806. Therefore, the attitude variable had a greater influence on unsafe action. The Nagelkerke R-Square of 0.582 means that the variables of knowledge and attitude could explain 58.2% of the variance in unsafe action. There is a significant relationship between K3 knowledge and attitude with unsafe action among mechanics in Pulogebang, East Jakarta.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 10.02.2024 г. по 16.02.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: February 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 10.02.2024 г. по 16.02.2024 г.
Assessing a Customized, Interactive Online Information Literacy Tutorial: The Getting Started with Research Module
Authors: Amsberry Dawn , Behler Anne
Published: February 2024

Following the creation of online information literacy tutorial in response to the shift to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a team of librarians developed a multi-pronged approach to assessing the module to determine how well it met the stated learning objectives. This article describes the assessment of the Getting Started with Research information literacy module, a learning experience developed using RISE software and accompanied by a Google Forms research log for students to complete. The authors present results from both a rubric-driven and textual analysis study undertaken to assess student responses to the research logs that accompany the module, and discuss how the findings of the study will inform future practice.
Diseño de un plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa de turismo sostenible en el distrito de Pucusana
Authors:   , Espinoza Ramos María Alejandra
Published: February 2024

Este proyecto se fundamenta en el diseño de un plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa destinada a servicios turísticos y en la cual se desarrollen actividades de turismo sostenible, ubicada en el distrito de Pucusana, Lima, Perú. La actual propuesta se diseña valorando el gran potencial de los recursos naturales en la zona, y promueve el desarrollo y explotación racional de sus recursos, que a su vez generan oportunidades beneficiosas para los pobladores de esta localidad. Impulsando de esta forma una cultura ambiental positiva focalizada en la práctica turística. Durante el estudio se establecen los lineamientos para la ejecución y viabilidad de la propuesta, definiendo su rentabilidad a partir de los siguientes puntos: i) Plan estratégico; ii) Plan de Marketing; iii) Plan de operaciones; iv) Plan de recursos Humanos y v) Plan financiero, fundamentándose teóricamente en Weinberger (2009), a partir de ello se logró el análisis de este sector potencial contextualizado en la implementación de hábitos y cultura ecológica haciendo de ello una propuesta diferente, que a su vez puede ser provechosa a nivel experiencial, financiera y empresarial para esta localidad.
Hábitos de higiene oral en estudiantes de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. 2020
Authors:   , Arellano Cotrina Josabet Johana
Published: February 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación de la frecuencia de los hábitos de higiene bucal y sus factores asociados de los alumnos de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Se aplicó el método de encuesta estructurada validada por la Universidad de Chile vía virtual en Google Forms. Teniendo como resultados que la frecuencia de buenos hábitos de higiene bucal en estudiantes de la carrera de estomatología fue de 49.8% mientras que la frecuencia de malos hábitos de higiene bucal fue de 50.2%, siento este último mayor. Con estos concluimos que los alumnos de la Universidad Científica del Sur de primer a último año de la carrera de Estomatología presentaron malos hábitos de higiene bucal.
Tackling Well Productivity and Sustainability in a Jurassic Horizontal HPHT Well with the First Multistage Unconventional Hydraulic Fracturing in MFS Formation: A Case Study of an Exploration Well
Authors: Bosalhah A. , Al-Mulla S. , Duggirala V. , Ayyavoo M. , Al-Saqabi M. B. , Mubarak A. , Salem A. , Enkababian P. , Peiwu L. , Fituri M. , Pochetnyy V.
Published: February 2024

The unconventional Lower Najmah Limestone MFS fractured reservoir is a nanodarcy rock located below the Najmah Kerogen source rock. The first horizontal well drilled across the MFS is in North Kuwait and was drilled to explore the hydrocarbon potential. The 3D seismic interpretation and several seismic attributes indicate that the well location is likely to encounter a high fracture corridor area to support production after multistage hydraulic fracturing.

The lateral length is approximately 1,900 ft placed in the MFS after reaching the planned total depth (TD), 18,900 ft. The well was completed using a 15,000-psi-rated openhole multistage completion (MSC) system to place six hydraulic proppant fractures and access most of the nearby natural fractures in the reservoir. Over 20 well interventions were conducted by coiled tubing (CT) to shift the MSC frac ports, log the well by caliper and spinners, perforate stages, attempt milling out the inner completion seats, and, finally, perform nitrogen lifting of the hydraulic fracturing treatment fluids to the surface.

Due to the high-pressure nature of the reservoir and multiple additional completion challenges, it was difficult to initiate hydraulic fractures into the formation below the maximum allowable working pressure of completion. Therefore, 20 ft of 12 shots per foot (SPF) perforations were added per stage for four stages, which significantly lowered the fracture initiation pressures. Complete data fracturing analysis was conducted in each stage to redesign stimulation treatments. Four unconventional hydraulic proppant fracturing stages were successfully completed, sequencing high-viscosity slickwater and a crosslinked fluid system placing 110,000 lbm of proppant per stage into the formation. Multiple milling attempts were conducted with CT to reach TD but were unsuccessful due to uncertain obstructions. However, an unconventional method was applied and finally succeeded in accessing the full lateral and flowing back the well.

This work highlights the operational and technical challenges and solutions to design, execute, and evaluate the first horizontal well in the MFS reservoir, Kuwait. The developed workflow presents solutions for future horizontal wells drilled through the unconventional Najmah and similar formations across Kuwait. The work provides valuable lessons learned, insights, and perspectives for the complexity of the MFS to optimize production from challenging reservoirs.
Formation Damage During CO2 Storage: Analytical Model, Field Cases
Authors: Shokrollahi Amin , Prempeh Kofi Ohemeng Kyei , Mobasher Syeda Sara , George Parker William , Zulkifli Nazliah Nazma , Zeinijahromi Abbas , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: February 2024

This study develops analytical models and explicit formulae to characterize well injectivity and reservoir behavior during CO2 injection in layer-cake aquifers and depleted gas fields, while considering formation damage. The methodology involves deriving 2-phase flow equations incorporating permeability damage mechanisms and upscaling. While formation damage reduces injectivity, in situ permeability decreases in swept areas redirect gas to unswept zones, enhancing storage capacity. The developed models are also applied to three real reservoirs—A, B, and C located in the formation L in Malaysia. The results indicate that as the damage factor d transitions from 1, representing a damage-free reservoir, to the critical value dc where the well impedance remains constant during injection, there is a notable increase in sweep efficiency for reservoir A, rising from 3% to 53%. Similarly, in the case of reservoir B, the sweep shows a significant increase from 7% to 50%. Additionally, for reservoir C, the sweep undergoes a substantial rise from 1% to 52%. The study introduces explicit formulae reflecting these processes and contributes novel insights by creating a fast-analytical tool, providing a valuable addition to understanding CO2 injection processes in diverse geological settings.
Experimental Study of Self-Degrading Diverting Agent Particles Used for Improving Hydraulic Fracture Placement
Authors: Trif V. Cosmin , Ganea V. Aurelian , Foidas I.
Published: February 2024

Fluid placement is essential to obtain a successful stimulation treatment. Formation heterogeneity, varying stress distribution among formations and irregular fluid injectivity via perforations may lead to uneven fracture propagation along the formation net thickness. Isolation techniques provide solutions to such issues and can range from using mechanical restrictions that redirect the fluid flow, up to the use of specially designed particles placed in the flow stream to divert the treatment. Mechanical methods can include packers, bridge plugs and sand plugs which are used to mechanically separate the stimulation process into multiple stages pumped along the wellbore path. Ball sealers are part of the same category, designed to seal individual perforations during the pumping process and completely isolate a section of the wellbore to divert the injected fluid to subsequent zones. Another method that is widely used in large pay zones is coiled tubing in which accurate frac generation and fracture growth adjustments can be monitored in real time. Non-mechanical isolation designs consist of soluble or insoluble particles, with different sizes and compositions, mixed within the stimulation fluid that accumulate at the wellbore wall to form a low permeability cake, forcing fluid flow into areas with lower injectivity. Such particles are known as diverting agents and dissolve as a function of temperature and type of the injected or produced fluids. The study presents the main isolation techniques used during multi-stage fracturing operations and the laboratory investigation results affecting the selection of solid diversion agents such as material chemistry, particle size, particle shape, particle size distribution, temperature and type of carrier fluid.
Producer Acid Stimulation to Remove Near Wellbore Damage in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs: Lessons Learned, Best Practices and Challenges in Penglai Oilfield, Bohai Bay
Authors: Zheng Jv , Zhang Yanxu , Dai Xianghui , Wang Yuejie , Li Wentao , Fu Yangyang , Gou Xinjun , Cao Jun , Zhao Ning , Li Changwei , Liao Zuan , Cui Qingzhen
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the evolution of acid stimulation to remove the near wellbore damage in producers at Penglai Oilfield which is the largest offshore oilfield in China. The near-wellbore plugging has been observed in certain wells within the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. So far, producer acid stimulation has been performed in over 200 wells. This paper will review the design change, lessons learned, current best practices and challenges in acid stimulations.

Producer acid stimulation in Penglai Oilfield was first executed in two wells through coiled tubing in 2007 with positive outcomes. Since then, acid stimulation designs have improved as more studies were performed and field trials were made, such as larger acid volume to increase the treated radius, customized acid recipe for effective removal of solids, modified procedures for flowback into FPSO, and improved execution methods through selective production string, coiled tubing, sliding sleeve, or ESP-bypass, etc. An acid stimulation database is created to aggregate well parameters, formation properties, stimulation design variables, and productivity matrices.

Various designs were evaluated using the integrated database to guide the future improvements. This study shows that both hydrofluoric (HF) based acid system and a new chelant fluid system prove to be effective in removing the near wellbore plugging for the Penglai field. Laboratory evaluation of acid systems serves its purpose for initial benchmarking; but it loses fidelity in testing conditions that are not realistic to reflect the complicated environment of rapidly varying lithology, scales, waterflooding, etc. Therefore, continuous evaluation, summarization, and optimization of the results of the previous treatments are vital factors contributing to the ongoing improvement of acidization effectiveness in the Penglai Oilfield.

This study also highlights the continuous optimization of handling emulsion issues after acidizing. The flowback stream right after stimulation is depressurized and filtered, then directed into the injectors. This practice mitigates the issues in FPSO caused by the acid stimulation and has no impact to the designated injectors.

This study showcases significant advancements in acid diversion techniques, specifically emulsion diversion, resulting in improved acid distribution across intervals exceeding 500 feet in thickness. These advancements have been implemented since 2022 and have yielded highly encouraging production outcomes. This study presents an innovative method that solved the emulsion challenges after acid stimulation through flowing back into water injectors after processing the stream.
Gravel Pack Optimization in Frade Field Through Bottomhole Data Analysis
Authors: Latini C. , Govinathan K. , Tibbles R. , Jain S. , Wassouf P. , Pereira E. B. , Neumann L. F. , Rodrigues V. F. , Andrade T.
Published: February 2024

Proper design of sand control completions is critical for maintaining well integrity and achieving productivity objectives. This is particularly important in Frade, a deepwater field situated 120 km offshore Brazil, where wells to be completed with gravel packs have narrow pressure operating windows. This paper demonstrates the optimization process of gravel pack operations in the field through detailed data evaluation.

The continuous improvement process involved pre-designing the gravel pack placement, conducting comprehensive post-job data analysis, optimizing models, and redesigning subsequent wells. To enhance and standardize these processes, an industry standard software was utilized, facilitating an integrated workflow encompassing all stages of the operation, including wellbore displacements, step rate tests, and gravel pack treatments.

Sand control completions are intricate, and many variables can jeopardize the integrity of a gravel pack, especially in challenging environments like the Frade Field. This paper introduces instances of issues encountered during sand control installations in the field, such as screen plugging, severe losses, fracturing, and complications with the pumping equipment. The automated processing of surface and downhole gauge data allowed for timely and detailed evaluations, maximizing the value of the acquired data. Furthermore, it facilitated the effective implementation of lessons learned and model calibration within the same campaign, ultimately leading to successful gravel pack treatments.

This paper presents examples that highlight the significance of collecting and thoroughly analyzing bottomhole data. It demonstrates how data analysis and incorporation of lessons learned can optimize gravel pack operations to maximize the success of future treatments.
Mechanisms of Degradation of Cement in CO2 Injection Wells: Maintaining the Integrity of CO2 Seals
Authors: Mura Miki , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: February 2024

The degradation of cement due to CO2 exposure affects its transport and mechanical properties, resulting in potential fluid leakage from wells used for CCUS. This study focused on investigating the mechanisms of cement degradation in CO2 injection wells. We employ a fully integrated 3-D reservoir simulator that incorporates fluid flow, geomechanics, and geochemistry, along with a new model designed to accurately replicate the changes in rock properties resulting from cement degradation. Chemical reactions, including dissolution and precipitation, between CO2-rich brine and cement minerals are modeled, allowing for changes in rock and cement properties. Porosity is recalculated considering volume changes due to chemical reactions, and permeability is reevaluated using the Kozeny-Carman equation. Based on the simulation results, the chemo-mechanical composite layer model reassesses mechanical properties, considering the mineral composition of cement. According to the simulation results, the chemical changes in cement exhibited three stages: 1) dissolution of primary minerals, 2) precipitation of carbonates, and 3) re-dissolution of carbonates. While reactions 1 and 2 played a major role, they led to a decrease in rock porosity and a degradation of mechanical properties. However, as the dissolution of primary minerals diminished and the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 began, the porosity increased, accompanied by an increase in mechanical stiffness. The predicted values of porosity were compared to experimental data obtained from prior studies, confirming their consistency for short-term CO2 exposure, which can be reproduced in experiments. These mechanisms of cement degradation and the alteration of mechanical properties that occur in CO2 injection wells agree well with experiments. Our numerical simulator that fully integrates flow, geochemistry, and geomechanics with a chemical reaction model can be used to model more complex cement geometries to evaluate the risks of CO2 escape along the wellbore annulus.
Polymer Induced Permeability Reduction: The Influence of Polymer Retention and Porous Medium Properties
Authors: Abdelgawad Khaled Zidan
Published: February 2024

Polymer injection finds wide application in enhancing oil recovery (EOR) for heterogeneous reservoirs containing viscous crude. While injection of polymer effectively reduces mobility ratios toward favorable levels and enhances sweep efficiency, it necessitates consideration of potential drawbacks, notably the risk of significant permeability reduction induced by polymer injection. This reduction arises from interactions between the injected polymer and the reservoir rock, occurring either deeper in the reservoir or near the wellbore. In addition, the extent of permeability reduction is influenced by diverse factors, including rock mineral composition, oil saturation, temperature, salinity of formation brine, formation pore structure, polymer type and molecular weight, shear rates within porous media, and the quality of injection water. Accurately assessing permeability reduction holds paramount importance in polymer selection, allowing a comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of polymer flooding for specific reservoir conditions while mitigating potential losses in polymer injectivity during field operations. Severe permeability reduction induced by polymer injection may result from factors such as excessive polymer retention within the reservoir rock, fluids/rocks incompatibility, pore throat clogging due to accumulation of large polymer molecules, shear-induced thickening near the wellbore, improper polymer solution preparation.

Within this study, we delve into the utilization of coreflooding data as an evaluative tool for permeability reduction due to polymer injection. A novel interpretation method is introduced, establishing a correlation between polymer retention and the resulting permeability reduction observed in coreflooding experiments. This approach effectively couples the aspects of polymer retention and the rock quality index, leading to a proficient alignment with permeability reduction trends derived from existing data, particularly concerning sandstone and carbonate rock samples. Recognizing the pivotal role of permeability reduction in the polymer selection process, this approach underscores its significance as a pivotal design parameter. While prior methodologies have been proposed, many exhibit limitations in terms of scalability. Through precise evaluation of permeability reduction utilizing empirical data, this approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of polymer behavior within deeper reservoir layers. Furthermore, it enables the anticipation of potential injectivity challenges and contributes to the refinement of project design, thus enhancing overall operational outcomes.
A Deep Learning Framework for Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Optimization of Hydrogen from H2S – A Maari Reservoir Study
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Qasim Abdulaziz , Shehri Abdallah Al , Yousef Ali
Published: February 2024

A particularly corrosive and poisonous by-product of a range of feedstocks, including fossil resources like coal and natural gas as well as renewable resources, is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is also a possible source of hydrogen gas, a significant green energy carrier. Our business would greatly benefit from the recovery of H2 from chemical compounds that have been classified as pollutants, such as H2S. Due to the large volumes of H2S that are readily accessible across the world and the expanding significance of hydrogen and its by-products in the global energy landscape, attempts have been undertaken in recent years to separate H2 and Sulphur from H2S using various methods. In addition to deep gas reservoirs, hydrogen sulfide may be found in a wide range of other reservoir types. Due to their low use, these gas reserves often have little economic viability. Thanks to novel strategies for converting hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen and its remaining components, it has become possible to efficiently recover hydrocarbons and its hydrogen sulfide components.

This paper introduces a unique deep learning (DL) architecture for improving field recovery over time based on thermal-enhanced recovery. We investigated performance of the framework on the Maari Field in New Zealand. The ultimate goal is to optimize recovery and, within the limits of processing, reach a specific volume of H2S. The optimization results indicate the ability to increase oil and natural gas recovery while constraining H2S levels within the reservoir and converting the associated H2S into hydrogen. The deep learning architecture that has been built provides a technique for developing field strategies to improve sustainability for thermal-enhanced recovery strategies. The framework is flexible enough to incorporate additional reservoir and production parameters.
Enhancing Dispersion Test Analysis for Shale Drilling: Particle Size Distribution and Cation Exchange Insights
Authors: Lai Bitao , Wang Jihong , He Wenwu , Wan Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

Dispersion, which poses a significant challenge to wellbore stability during shale drilling, is influenced by various factors such as shale petrological and mechanical properties, as well as shale-fluid interactions. The effectiveness of shale inhibitors in alleviating these interactions has traditionally been evaluated using the standardized conventional dispersion test. In this test, measured quantities of sized shale particles are exposed to formulated fluids in a roller-oven cell for a specified duration. Subsequently, the shale particles are washed, dried, and the recovery percentage is determined, with higher rates indicating improved inhibitor performance. While the conventional dispersion test is widely used due to its simplicity, the test provides limited, and at times, misleading information.

This paper presents an enhanced dispersion test method and analysis by incorporating particle size analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) tests before and after the conventional dispersion test. Three standard shales exhibiting diverse reactive and dispersive characteristics are selected along with three fluids containing different chemicals and inhibitors for conducting these advanced dispersion tests and analyses.

The study highlights the capabilities of the new method for obtaining comprehensive data, not only the recovery rate at a specific particle size but also the particle size distribution curves before and after the dispersion tests. Analyses of particle size distribution provide valuable insights into the particle size shift after shales interact with different fluids. This detailed understanding of the dispersion properties contributes to a more effective design and optimization of shale inhibitors and enhances borehole cleaning processes. Additionally, the application of ICP-OES analysis enables the identification of cation exchanges between the drilling fluids and shales and the exploration of the relationship between cation exchange and dispersion. A higher release of Ca2+ indicates potentially stronger dispersion.
An Analytical Model for Water Evaporation During CO2 Injection for Geological Storage
Authors: Russell T. L. , Bedrikovetsky P.
Published: February 2024

Formation damage during CO2 injection into depleted gas or oil reservoirs, or in aquifers, is highly affected by connate water evaporation into injected gas. For example, precipitated salts accumulate into dried-up zone around the well. Dried rock liberates fine clay particles. The aim of the work is creation of an analytical model for connate water evaporation into injected CO2 during coreflood and injection in vertical well.

The mathematical model considers non-equilibrium evaporation accounting for changing interfacial area. The interfacial area is derived separately from approximating the porous media as a sphere pack and from the averaging of individual water patches. The resulting model is solved analytically using the method of characteristics, permitting the calculation of the water saturation and vapour concentration profiles during the evaporation process. Finally, we match 5 laboratory tests, determine the typical form of evaporation interface, and upscale the results for injection well conditions.

Tuning of laboratory data exhibits high agreement for 5 laboratory tests and allows for characterization of field-scale evaporation dynamics from laboratory testing. The total evaporation time is provided explicitly by the model, and a criterion is presented for determining whether evaporation occurs within finite time. This work provides key insights into the behaviour of CO2 injection wells and can contribute to producing explicit formulae to predict mobilisation of fine clays and precipitation of salts due to rock drying.
Comparative Experimental Study of High-Density Drilling and Workover Fluids
Authors: Al Moajil Abdullah. M. , Alghizzi Ahmed. G. , Caliskan Sinan. , Almubarak Tariq
Published: February 2024

Comparative assessment experimental study was conducted for high density NaBr and CaCl2/CaBr2 brines and water-drilling fluids based on manganese tetraoxide and barite as weighting agents. The main objective of this study were to evaluate the core damage caused by such drilling/workover fluids.

XRD/XRF were used to determine the composition of the core plug samples. CT scan was utilized to assess the effect of workover fluids, workover brines, and acid recipe on fluid invasion profile. The mudloop system was exploited to expose core plugs to workover fluids and assess the effectiveness of treatment recipes in restoring core plug permeability at 280°F. Filter press was used to generate filter cake and assess fluid filtration rates. Solubility testing was conducted using HCl/formic and DTPA-based recipes with mud cakes generated at 280°F

The solubility of the filter cake generated by water-based drilling fluids weighed with BaSO4, mixture of BaSO4\Mn3O4, and Mn3O4 were 40, 65, and 85 wt%, respectively in 5 wt% HCl/9 wt% formic acid mixture. DTPA-based recipe increased the barite-based filter cake solubility from 40 to 60 wt%. The observed reduction in dolomite core plug permeability was a stronger function of core plug characterization than drilling fluid type. The core damage was higher in heterogeneous core plugs samples. The core damage increased with drilling fluid filtrate volume, regardless of the drilling fluid type. Coreflood and CT scan testing indicated the examined manganese tetroxide water-based drilling fluid was less damaging to core plug samples than barite water-based drilling fluid. The factor controlling acid propagation into core plug was not reaction limited. Acid propagated in the flow direction where higher permeable steaks exist. Acid propagation and drilling fluid invasion profiles were a function of core plug characteristics. The core damage caused by CaCl2/CaBr2 brines were significantly higher than NaBr brine. The injection of low salinity brine removed the core damage caused by heavy brines (i.e., precipitated salts).
Improved Completions and Fracturing Technology Enhances Efficiency and Sustained Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Watson Mark , Wilson Stuart , Barbero Pablo
Published: February 2024

To attain higher hydrocarbon production and maintain oil and gas rates at optimal values for a determined time require prudent drilling, and subsequently completing and fracturing the well. are some of the essential criteria for positive cash flow.

Oil and gas production is essential to meet world energy demand. The objective of any hydrocarbon field development is to attain higher sustained production rates. The need for the use of best practices in drilling, completion, fracturing, and production management during the duration of a well becomes essential. Drilling of long horizontal laterals through the reservoir section has been a game-changing alternate to vertical wells. Production is substantially increased with horizontal wells; long-term sustainability is achieved and development cost is considerably reduced.

This paper highlights state of the art completions and fracturing technology used in moderate to tight oil and gas reservoirs for enhanced and sustained productivity. After proper assessment of the field using data from geoscience, delineation wells, and logs, an optimal horizontal drilling design is put together. Wells drilled in the field can be completed in multiple ways depending on the reservoir properties, well trajectory, and production objectives. The best completions are those that are customized for the reservoir parameters and well trajectory and will provide optimal inflow of reservoir fluids to the well. The best fracturing technique is to place a high conductivity path between the well and reservoir without causing damage to either the reservoir or completions. Depending on the reservoir, acid or proppants are selected such that fracture conductivity is maintained through most of well life. Many examples are provided in this paper.