bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des journalistes à la cour
Authors: Ribard Dinah
Published: June 2019

Cet article porte sur un certain nombre d’écrits d’actualité des années 1660, dont certains sont devenus des archives, d’autres ont été fabriqués pour être publiés, certains conservés puis publiés, éventuellement comme de la littérature. Ces écrits, qui parlent de la cour et peuvent se présenter comme ayant été écrits à la cour, forment un dispositif politique, dont l’un des principes est la différenciation entre écrits d’action et écrits d’information ou de littérature ; le fait de déclarer qu’on publie des documents d’action, ou qu’on pourrait le faire, c’est paraître se tenir hors de l’action. L’article revient sur ce principe fondateur du système informationnel de la monarchie absolue, et sur la place de la cour dans ce système.
Raconter les fêtes de cour : publier, archiver, agir
Authors: Roussillon Marine
Published: June 2019

Les récits des fêtes ont souvent été lus comme autant de traces d’événements disparus, d’archives d’une cour dominée par l’oralité et les divertissements éphémères. À partir du cas des Plaisirs de l’île enchantée, première fête organisée par Louis XIV à Versailles, il s’agit ici de déplacer l’intérêt vers une compréhension des opérations d’archivage qu’ils mettent en œuvre : comment ils se constituent en archives de la cour et comment ce statut est utilisé dans des actions. L’article étudie plus précisément deux des opérations d’archivage qui ont constitué la relation officielle des Plaisirs de l’île enchantée : l’évocation dans le récit des pratiques d’écriture du duc de Saint-Aignan, premier gentilhomme de la Chambre du roi, et l’insertion problématique des écrits de Molière produits pour les fêtes, La Princesse d’Élide et Le Tartuffe. Il montre qu’en décrivant la cour comme un lieu dominé par les plaisirs éphémères, les récits construisent leur propre valeur d’archive et se constituent en lieu de pouvoir. S’y inscrire, comme le font Saint-Aignan et Molière, est un moyen de publier une relation personnelle avec le roi et un rôle à la cour, de conserver une faveur éphémère et de pérenniser, voire d’institutionnaliser, des positions précaires. Loin de fournir un récit transparent de l’événement, ou même un éloge hyperbolique qu’il suffirait de corriger, le livre de fêtes apparaît comme le produit composite d’actions multiples, qu’il faut situer pour en saisir les enjeux.
Le courtisan nouvelliste et l’érudit à Versailles : les frères Dangeau et l’archivage de la cour
Authors: Martignon Maxime
Published: June 2019

À partir d’une réflexion sur les pratiques d’archivage des frères Dangeau, cet article a pour objectif de réinterroger la place des intermédiaires à la cour et d’analyser la capacité d’action de ces individus à partir des pratiques d’écriture. Le marquis de Dangeau, diariste, fournissait des informations à son frère, l’abbé de Dangeau, un érudit parisien. Transformées en ressource, avec d’autres informations extraites des imprimés du temps ou des cercles nouvellistes, elles permettaient à son frère de devenir central par la connaissance des carrières curiales à Versailles. Il avait en outre fabriqué une archive pour le roi afin de montrer leur savoir-faire familial, et l’avait intitulée Journal des bienfaits du roi. L’article s’appuie en outre sur les Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon, les lettres de Mme de Sévigné et la correspondance de Mme de Maintenon afin de montrer comment le marquis de Dangeau était advenu comme informateur, non seulement de la plupart des courtisans, mais du roi même dont il était le messager.
De la cour au « Monde » : la mise en scène de leur influence sociale par les princes d’Orléans au xxe siècle comme substitut d’une vie curiale disparue
Authors: Goyet Bruno
Published: June 2019

Cette étude des succédanés de la vie de cour autour des princes d’Orléans en exil permet d’analyser l’archivage des pratiques curiales à rebours : quand il n’y a plus de réalité consistante mais plus qu’une référence symbolique à une pratique disparue, comment les archives publiques ou privées peuvent-elles garder des traces de cette référence symbolique et comment les prétendants au trône vont-ils tenter de les instrumentaliser pour maintenir une illusion de vie curiale ? 1o Les archives diplomatiques traitent les princes comme des individus hors du commun, ce qui leur permet d’arguer de la persistance de leur exceptionnalité même en république ; d’autant que celle-ci ne peut négliger leurs relations avec les cours européennes encore en exercice. 2o Les archives privées des Orléans déposées aux Archives nationales sous l’appellation de « maison de France » sont le lien symbolique le plus fort qui les rattache au pouvoir perdu, à toutes ses prétentions et aux réalités financières entraînées par le statut du prétendant impossible à réduire à un simple particulier. 3o Les carnets mondains de la presse conservatrice comme les listes des visiteurs venus rendre un hommage formel aux princes dans le respect des pratiques mondaines matérialisent des réseaux de révérence sociale envers la symbolique princière ; les princes comme le monde lui-même font toujours référence à la vie de cour quand ils décrivent cet usage de la présentation et de la reconnaissance mutuelle. Toutes ces archives fabriquent une illusoire continuité avec les grands rituels curiaux de la monarchie.
Postface
Authors: Roche Daniel
Published: June 2019

Considérant que les archives sont partie prenante des fonctionnements sociaux qu’affecte le développement d’une société de cour identifiable à l’échelle européenne, cette postface montre la manière dont les archives participent des moyens de communication mis en œuvre par des organisations curiales de plus en plus structurées. Elle souligne la manière dont les études de cas réunies dans ce dossier mettent en lumière les interactions que les archives tissent entre les cours et le monde extérieur, entre présent de l’action politique et longue durée monarchique, entre gestion pratique des réalités curiales et enjeux de la représentation princière.
Les figures de l’étranger dans les Mémoires de Saint-Simon : comment peut-on être étranger à la cour ?
Authors: Sanson Aurélie
Published: June 2019

Saint-Simon livre dans ses Mémoires des éléments permettant de comprendre non seulement sa perception de l’étranger, mais aussi la place des étrangers à la cour de France à la fin du Grand Siècle. L’analyse du champ sémantique de l’extranéité utilisé par l’auteur met en lumière une conception de l’étranger propre au monde curial, fondée davantage sur la notion de souveraineté que sur celle de provenance. L’étranger prend le plus souvent le visage des diplomates ou des princes en visite, qui, inclus dans le cérémonial de la cour, y occupent cependant une position à la marge, matérialisée par l’étiquette. En revanche, le service pour les hommes et le mariage pour les princesses enclenchent un processus de naturalisation informelle de ces étrangers installés en France, parachevé par l’intériorisation des codes de la cour. Ce faisant, Saint-Simon inscrit l’intégration des étrangers venus d’ailleurs dans une dynamique propre à la société de cour, avec, pour corollaire l’effacement des caractères liés à l’extranéité et l’affirmation d’un cosmopolitisme reposant sur une identité curiale européenne.
Les spécificités culturelles de la production de musique metal. Le cas de l’industrie de la musique live en France
Authors: Guibert Gérôme
Published: June 2019

Au-delà de la réception et du partage de la culture metal, on peut se demander quelles sont les spécificités culturelles des processus de production de la musique metal par rapport aux autres musiques populaires, si elles existent. Notre travail en cours porte plus précisément sur la question de la musique live. Comment fonctionne l’économie du concert metal en France ? Y a-t-il des particularités dans le fonctionnement de la chaine de production du metal ? Existe-t-il des acteurs spécifiques ? On montrera que, depuis le début des années 2000, on assiste à une croissance de l’offre d’événements associés au metal et d’entreprises impliquées dans la production de cette musique. Toutefois, une visibilité et un succès plus grands semblent incertains car la légitimité du metal est en partie construite sur un plébiscite restreint dans l’espace public.
Critical Challenges in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation
Authors: Menon Sreekumar A. , Muchnick Marc , Butler Clifford , Pizur Tony
Published: June 2019

This research paper explores critical challenges in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation based on insights from an exploratory qualitative single case study in the Canadian Oil and Gas Industry. The study was conducted in a Canadian case organization using twenty interviews from members of four project role groups of senior leaders, project managers, project team members, and business users. The study further collected and reviewed project documents from the ERP implementation for triangulation. The research evoked a comprehensive list of sixty critical challenges and out of which, the top twelve challenges discussed in detail were drawn from the responses of participants from all four project role groups. The study findings indicated that critical challenges were significant during ERP implementation. This research is one of first case studies in the Canadian oil and gas industry that focuses on critical challenges in ERP implementation projects.
Earnings Management Incentives and the Pricing of Discretionary Accruals
Authors: Draief Sondes
Published: June 2019

The objective of this research is to investigate whether earnings management incentives influence the pricing of discretionary accruals. Specifically, we verify if growth opportunity, leverage, free cash flow, insider trading and financial distress are useful to investors to discriminate between opportunistic and informative earnings management.

Using a sample of 486 American firms for the period 2002-2010, we find that discretionary accruals are positively related to stock returns. This relation is more intensive in high growth firms and high levered firms. Indeed, these firms use more informative earnings management to communicate future prospects and good financial situation to external investors. However, discretionary accruals are negatively priced by investors in distressed firms. These firms have a greater incentive to manage earnings opportunistically to hide any financial problem. Likewise, we detect a negative relationship between discretionary accruals and stock returns in firms with excessive free cash flow revealing the opportunistic perspective of earnings management. Finally, we demonstrate that investors award positive (negative) value to discretionary accruals in case of insider buying (selling).
Power and Discipline: The Role of Accounting in the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna between 18th and 19th Centuries
Authors: Sordo Carlotta del , Fornasari Massimo , Orelli Rebecca L.
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to fill a gap in the scant literature on accounting practices in non-Anglo-Saxon countries in under- researched periods by exploring the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna, an Italian non-profit institution. The research draws upon original 18th and 19th century documents found in the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna and offers an internal perspective of the development of accounting technology before and after an ‘intacco’ episode, thus attempting to shed light on the significance of accounting in that context. The originality of the Ravenna episode, compared to other similar ones experienced by Monti, consists in its extension over time and in its recurrence by three generations of administrators linked by kinship bonds, who systematically damaged the Monte between 1797 and 1837. The new form of control of the Monte’s activities after the “intacco” based on accounting technologies, and realised a new relation between power and knowledge in which accounting was the tool to exercise disciplinary power, thus making people more governable. Accounting technologies relied upon a more articulated financial statement that included the institute’s transactions and events.
De bijzondere arbeidsovereenkomst van de handelsvertegenwoordiger
Authors: Zwemmer Johan
Published: June 2019

De bijzondere arbeidsovereenkomst van de handelsvertegenwoordiger.

Over het onderscheid met de agentuurovereenkomst, het Zako-arrest van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie en over het bestaansrecht van deze bijzondere arbeidsovereenkomst.
Christian Faith, Intellectual Disability, and the Mere Difference / Bad Difference Debate
Authors: Gould James B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

The mere difference view, endorsed by some philosophers and Christian scholars, claims that disability by itself does not make a person worse off on balance—any negative impacts on overall welfare are due to social injustice. This article defends the bad difference view—some disability is bad not simply because of social arrangements but because of biological deficits that, by themselves, make a person worse off. It argues that the mere difference view contradicts core doctrines of Christian faith. The analysis focuses on intellectual rather than physical or sensory disabilities.
A Time-Averaged Method for Ship Maneuvering Prediction in Waves
Authors: Yao Jianxi , Liu Zuyuan , Su Yan , Cheng Xide , Song Xuemin , Zhan Chengsheng
Published: June 2019

The concept of time-averaged motion is introduced to analyze the coupled ship maneuvering and seakeeping problem. Based on this concept, new equations of ship motion, referred to as time-averaged equations, are proposed for ship maneuvering prediction in waves. The present work is to describe and verify the new method. For the latter, the maneuverability of container ship S-175 in regular waves is predicted by solving the equations, where forces and wave-induced high-frequency motions are approximated by means of a modeling approach. The results are compared with available experimental data. It is indicated that the new method is very promising because satisfactory agreements are found between predictions and experiments. In addition, the influences of wave-induced high-frequency motions on maneuverability are analyzed and discussed.
Assessment of Domestic and Wild Animals Pets Owned by Residents of Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: James Oshita Bukie, , James Akumba Ityavyar, , Veronica Okpotu,
Published: June 2019

Peting is an age-old habit of keeping either domestic or wild animals as man’s companion. In Makurdi metropolis, residents also keep pets.  This study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the Domestic and Wild Animal pets owned by residents of Makurdi Metropolis. Questionnaire was used and structured into 2 sections namely, socio- demographic characteristics of residents and ownership of domestic and wild animals pets.  Simple and systematic random samplings were used to select sample locations in which a total of 250 questionnaires were administered; Descriptive statistics, Students t-test and chi-square analysis were used to analyzed data. Result showed that, out of the 250 respondents; 144 were male respondents while 106 were female respondents. Residents of Makurdi Metropolis owned both domestic and wild animal’s pets. The commonest domestic animal pet was the Dog. While the commonest wild animal pet was the Red Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas). It was therefore recommended that more Enlightenment campaigns on the danger of zoonotic diseases transmission associated with pets and their preventive measures should be given to residents of Makurdi metropolis to forestall future public health hazards.
Initial Development of Clonal Seedlings of Coffea canephora Submitted to Different Irrigation Depth
Authors: Reboli Pagoto André Lucas , Oliveira Vinicius De Souza
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depth on initial development of Coffea canephora seedlings. The study was carried out at the farm Perobas, in the municipality of Rio Bananal, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments, comprising different depths of irrigation, being: 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 mm dia-1. At 55 days after planting the seedlings were evaluated for characteristics:stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of aerial part and dry mass of the root system. The stem diameter and dry mass of the root system presented an inverse behavior to the increase of the irrigation depth. The plant height and dry mass of aerial part presented an increasing effect in relation to the variation of the irrigation depth. The 5 mm dia-1 irrigation depth provides the best result for development in the initial stages of the root system of the seedlings, while the irrigation depth of 15 mm dia-1 favored a greater accumulation of dry mass of aerial part of the seedlings.
Calculation and Analysis of the Amber Interval in Traffic Flow
Authors: Xinyu Meng , Jian Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhaoping Meng
Published: June 2019

According to the relationship between the speed of vehicle and the amber light, we establish the differential equation model of the amber light duration. And based on the relevant conditions given in the title, three differential equation models of amber light duration under different conditions are obtained. Considering the traffic condition and driver's habit, we calculate a value that is most suitable to the actual demand. The sensitivity and stability of the model and its related factors are analyzed. We improve the model for the problem of difficult area.
Effect of Mandatory Adoption of IFRS on Earnings Predictability of Firms in the Financial Services Sector
Authors: I. Ebirien Godwin , Nkanbia-Davies Lillian O. , Chukwu Gospel J.
Published: June 2019

Aims: The paper empirically investigated the effect of mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards on earnings predictability of deposit money banks and insurance firms. 

Study Design: It adopted ex post facto research design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nigeria and covered the period 2008 to 2014.

Methodology: The study used 196 firm-year observations obtained from annual reports of the deposit money banks and insurance firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It formulated two hypotheses and tested the hypotheses using random effect model of Generalized Least Square Method.

Results: The regression results revealed that the mandatory adoption of IFRS did not improve earnings predictability of firms in the services sector, based on earnings and cash flows. The results also showed that the earnings predictability in the post mandatory IFRS adoption period was not significantly different between DMBs and insurance firms.

Conclusions: Nigeria has relatively short IFRS experience and preparers are still contending with several evolving issues. The paper recommends sustained training for both the preparers, users and regulators so as to improve financial reporting and consequently enhance earnings predictability.
Effect of Fermentation on the Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Contents of African Bush Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) Seeds
Authors: Oluwanifemi Helen Ayeni , Okhonlaye Ojokoh Anthony
Published: June 2019

Aim: Effect of fermentation on nutrient and anti-nutrient contents of defatted and un-defatted African bush mango seeds.

Study Design: Ground African bush mango seeds used in this study were divided into two portions; A, and B. Portion A was defatted while portion B was not defatted; both portions were fermented.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology and Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State between November 2017 and July 2018.

Methodology: Microbial analysis was carried out using pour plate technique. The temperature, pH and total titratable acidity were monitored throughout the fermenting period. Proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient contents of the samples were carried out using standard methods.

Results: Seventeen microorganisms comprising 11 bacteria and 6 molds were isolated and identified as; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, S. epidermis, B. licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. plantarum, L. brevis, Aspergillus clavatus, A. flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium chrysogenum and A. fumigatus. The pH and TTA values reduced and increased respectively while the temperature varied significantly as the fermentation day increases. The non-defatted fermented sample showed increase in protein (10.34-12.09%), moisture (6.98-7.84%) and carbohydrate contents (24.98-29.20%); while there was a reduction in the ash (3.91-2.93%), fibre (1.55-1.30%) and fat (52.24-46.64%) contents. The defatted fermented sample showed an increase in the protein content (17.39-26.44%) while there was a reduction in the moisture (26.60-26.46%), carbohydrate (41.02-38.96%) ash (4.07-3.01%), fat (9.44-4.02%) and fibre contents (1.48-1.11%). The mineral composition of the fermented samples increased significantly when compared to the raw samples. The anti-nutrient content of the samples decreased significantly with fermentation.

Conclusion: This study revealed that African bush mango seeds can be defatted and fermented to produce food of enhanced nutritional value.
Cerebrospinal fluid T1 value phantom reproduction at scan room temperature
Authors: Yamashiro Akihiro , Kobayashi Masato , Saito Takaaki
Published: June 2019

The T1 value of pure water, which is often used as a phantom to simulate cerebrospinal fluid, is significantly different from that of in‐vivo cerebrospinal fluid. The purpose of this study was to develop a phantom with a T1 value equivalent to that of in‐vivo cerebrospinal fluid under examination room temperature (23°C–25°C). In this study, 1.5 and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanners were used. We examined the signal intensity change in relation to pure water temperature, the T1 values of acetone‐diluted solutions (0–100 v/v%, in 10 steps), and the correlation coefficients obtained from volunteers and the prepared phantoms. The T1 value was close to the value reported in the literature for cerebrospinal fluid when the acetone‐diluted solution was 70 v/v% or higher at scan room temperature. The value at that time was 3532.81–4704.57 ms at 1.5 T and it ranged from 4052.41 to 5701.61 ms at 3.0 T. The highest correlation with the values obtained from the volunteers was r = 0.993 with pure acetone at 1.5 T and r = 0.991 with acetone 90 v/v% at 3.0 T. The relative error of the best phantom‐volunteer match was 32.61 (%) ± 6.71 at 1.5 T and 46.67 (%) ± 4.31 at 3.0 T. The T1 value measured by the null point method did not detect a significant difference between in vivo CSF and acetone 100 v/v% at 1.5 T and acetone 90 v/v% at 3.0 T. The T1 value of cerebrospinal fluid in the living body at scan room temperature was reproduced with acetone. The optimum concentration of acetone for cerebrospinal‐fluid reproduction was pure acetone at 1.5 T and 90 v/v% at 3.0 T.
NASADAD: The view from SAMHSA, from a state and from CMS
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

Last week, state directors and other attendees of the annual meeting of the National Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) were treated to a stunning opening reception by the delegation from Hawaii, including entertaining, dancing, music and delicious food. The next morning, they heard from federal and state officials about important issues they are dealing with — starting with how to use the STR and SOR grants.
Is naloxone really needed in buprenorphine product?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

The word on the street has been out for some time — it's not true that the naloxone in the buprenorphine combination product (Suboxone, for example) prevents euphoria if the opioid, which is meant to be dissolved in the mouth, is ingested. More than 20 years ago, this was the premise when the federal government subsidized the development of the first buprenorphine‐naloxone product, paving the way for Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals — now Indivior — to make a fortune on its Suboxone product. There was yet another delay when the patent expired, but generic manufacturers couldn't break the code for blending the naloxone with the buprenorphine, furthering the fortunes of RBP/Indivior.
The Stomatopod Telson: Convergent Evolution in the Development of a Biological Shield
Authors: Yaraghi Nicholas A. , Trikanad Adwait A. , Restrepo David , Huang Wei , Rivera Jesus , Herrera Steven , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Caldwell Roy L. , Zavattieri Pablo D. , Kisailus David
Published: June 2019

Mantis shrimp are aggressive marine crustaceans well known for their rapid and powerful hunting strategies. Less well known, however, is the ability of some species of mantis shrimp to defend themselves from the repeated blows of conspecifics during ritualized fighting using a shield‐like segment of abdominal armor called the telson. Multiscale structure–mechanical property relationships of this damage‐tolerant biological composite is examined in order to reveal strategies that nature uses for resisting failure from repeated high‐energy impacts. The telson structures of the smashing‐type species, Odontodactylus scyllarus, and the less aggressive spearing‐type species, Lysiosquillina maculata, are compared in order to better understand the ecological pressures driving the formation and use of the telson as a biological shield. A higher bulk compressive stiffness is identified within the smasher telson, which is attributed to its concave macromorphology, thicker cuticle, and higher degree of mineralization within its exocuticle. The presence of ridges at the dorsal surface suggests a role in imparting compliance for energy absorption. Fracture analysis identifies an enhanced toughening mechanism of crack twisting within the smasher telson, attributed to its well‐defined pitch‐graded helicoidal fibrous micro‐architecture. Such findings may prove useful for the design of lightweight composite materials with potential flexibility and improved damage tolerance.
Capture, immobilization, and Global Positioning System collaring of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus): Lessons learned and suggested best practices
Authors: Isbell Lynne A. , Bidner Laura R. , Omondi George , Mutinda Mathew , Matsumoto‐Oda Akiko
Published: June 2019

As the value of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in addressing primatological questions becomes more obvious, more studies will include capturing and collaring primates, with concomitant increased risk of adverse consequences to primate subjects. Here we detail our experiences in capturing, immobilizing, and placing GPS collars on six olive baboons (Papio anubis) in four groups and 12 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in five groups in Kenya. We captured baboons with cage traps and vervets with box traps, immobilized them, and attached GPS collars that were to be worn for 1 year. Adverse consequences from the trapping effort included incidental death of two nonsubjects (an adult female and her dependent infant), temporary rectal prolapse in one baboon, superficial wounds on the crown of the head in two vervets, and failure to recapture/remove collars from two baboons and two vervets. Obvious negative effects from wearing collars were limited to abrasions around the neck of one vervet. A possible, and if so, serious, adverse effect was greater mortality for collared adult female vervets compared with known uncollared adult female vervets, largely due to leopard (Panthera pardus) predation. Collared animals could be more vulnerable to predation because trapping favors bolder individuals, who may also be more vulnerable to predation, or because collars could slow them down or make them more noticeable to predators. Along with recommendations made by others, we suggest that future studies diversify trapping bait to minimize the risk of rectal prolapse, avoid capturing the first individuals to enter traps, test the movement speeds of collared versus noncollared animals, include a release system on the collars to avoid retrapping failure, and publish both positive and negative effects of capturing, immobilizing, and collaring.
Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)
Authors: Schrock Allie E. , Leard Corinne , Lutz Meredith C. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Gazes Regina Paxton
Published: June 2019

Many nonhuman primates live in complex social groups in which they regularly encounter both social stressors such as aggression and social support such as that provided by long‐term affiliative relationships. Repeated exposure to social stressors may result in chronically elevated cortisol levels that can have deleterious physical effects such as impaired immune function, cardiovascular disease, and reduced brain function. In contrast, affiliative social relationships may act as a buffer, dampening the release of cortisol in response to acute and chronic stressors. Understanding how social stressors and social support predict cortisol levels is therefore essential to understanding how social situations relate to health and welfare. We studied this relationship in 16 socially housed captive brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus[Sapajus]apella) by comparing long‐term hair cortisol levels with behavioral measures of social stress (dominance rank, rank certainty, and amount of aggression received) and social support (amount of affiliation and centrality in the affiliative social network of the group). Dominance rank, rank certainty, amount of affiliation, and age were not significant predictors of long‐term cortisol levels in this population. Instead, long‐term cortisol levels were positively related to the amount of aggression received and negatively related to centrality in the affiliative social network of the group. This pattern may be attributed to the species’ socially tolerant dominance system and to the availability of social support across the dominance hierarchy.
Oxidative Coupling of Terminal Rhenium Pnictide Complexes
Authors: Abbenseth Josh , Diefenbach Martin , Hinz Alexander , Alig Lukas , Würtele Christian , Goicoechea Jose M. , Holthausen Max C. , Schneider Sven
Published: June 2019

The isolation of rhenium(V) complexes with terminal phosphide and arsenide ligands was achieved upon decarbonylation of rhenium(III) pnictaethynolates. One‐electron oxidation of the pnictide complexes yielded Pn−Pn (Pn=P, As) coupling products, which were spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized. Computational bond analysis suggests that these complexes are best described as {Pn2}0 complexes that are stabilized by donor–acceptor interactions with the metal and a pyrazole ligand.
Elucidating the Structural Composition of an Fe–N–C Catalyst by Nuclear‐ and Electron‐Resonance Techniques
Authors: Wagner Stephan , Auerbach Hendrik , Tait Claudia E. , Martinaiou Ioanna , Kumar Shyam C. N. , Kübel Christian , Sergeev Ilya , Wille Hans‐Christian , Behrends Jan , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Kramm Ulrike I.
Published: June 2019

Fe–N–C catalysts are very promising materials for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. This work gives fundamental insights into the structural composition of an Fe–N–C catalyst and highlights the importance of an in‐depth characterization. By nuclear‐ and electron‐resonance techniques, we are able to show that even after mild pyrolysis and acid leaching, the catalyst contains considerable fractions of α‐iron and, surprisingly, iron oxide. Our work makes it questionable to what extent FeN4 sites can be present in Fe–N–C catalysts prepared by pyrolysis at 900 °C and above. The simulation of the iron partial density of phonon states enables the identification of three FeN4 species in our catalyst, one of them comprising a sixfold coordination with end‐on bonded oxygen as one of the axial ligands.
Fe/nanoporous carbon hybrid derived from metal–organic framework for highly effective microwave absorption
Authors: Heng Liuyang , Zhang Zilong , Chen Xiqiao , Wang Shuai , Wu Zhuang , Xie Zhiyong , Tang Zhixiang , Zou Yanhong
Published: June 2019

A novel Fe/nanoporous carbon (Fe/NPC) composite was synthesized via Fe3O4 nanoparticles coating in metal–organic framework. The pyrolysis conditions are carefully optimized, and the effects of pyrolysis temperature on electromagnetic parameters have been systematically analyzed. Among these candidates, the Fe/NPC composite pyrolyzed at 800 °C (Fe/NPC‐800) shows the eminent microwave absorption due to interface polarization and well matched characteristic impedance. The results indicate that the effective reflection loss absorption bandwidth of Fe/NPC‐800 reaches 5.6 GHz (12.4–18 GHz) with a thickness of 1.8 mm. It provides an exciting clue for the fabrication of lightweight and highly effective microwave absorbers in the future.
Boric acid‐induced immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in model insectGalleria mellonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Gwokyalya Rehemah , Altuntaş Hülya
Published: June 2019

Boric acid (BA) is widely used in various industrial process and can be accessed to nontarget organisms. This study aimed to investigate the insecticidal effects of BA and its toxic activities with respect to immunologic and genotoxic effects usingGalleria mellonellalarvae as a model. BA concentrations (78.125–10,000 ppm) were administrated to the larvae using the feeding method. Concentration‐dependent mortality was observed in all larval groups. Probit analysis revealed LC30, LC50, and LC70values to be 112.4, 320.1, and 911.4 ppm, respectively. These concentrations were used in all bioassays. Drastic reductions in total hemocyte counts along with changes in differential hemocyte counts were observed following BA treatment. Cell viability assays showed dose‐dependent reductions in viable cells and an increase in the necrotic and apoptotic ratios after BA treatment. However, mitotic indices of larval hemocytes did not change at all BA concentrations. The cytotoxic effect of BA led to a significant reduction in cellular immune responses such as encapsulation, melanization, and nodulation activities of treated larvae. While BA increased micronucleus ratios at the highest concentration, comet parameters indicating DNA damage increased inG. mellonellalarval hemocytes at all concentrations. These report that BA suppresses the immune system ofG. mellonellaand also poses risks of genotoxicity at high concentrations.
Morphology engineering of Aspergillus oryzae for l‐malate production
Authors: Chen Xiulai , Zhou Jie , Ding Qiang , Luo Qiuling , Liu Liming
Published: June 2019

Aspergillus oryzae is a competitive natural producer for organic acids, but its production capacity is closely correlated with a specific morphological type. Here, morphology engineering was used for tailoring A. oryzae morphology to enhance l‐malate production. Specifically, correlation between A. oryzae morphology and l‐malate fermentation was first conducted, and the optimal range of the total volume of pellets in a unit volume of fermentation broth (V value) for l‐malate production was 120–130 mm3/ml. To achieve this range, A. oryzae morphology was improved by controlling the variation of operational parameters, such as agitation speed and aeration rate, and engineered by optimizing the expression of cell division cycle proteins such as tyrosine‐protein phosphatase (CDC14), anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activator protein (CDC20), and cell division control protein 45 (CDC45). By controlling the strength of CDC14 at a medium level, V value fell into the optimal range of V value and the final engineered strain A. oryzae CDC14(3) produced up to 142.5 g/L l‐malate in a 30‐L fermenter. This strategy described here lays a good foundation for industrial production of l‐malate in the future, and opens a window to develop filamentous fungi as cell factories for production of other chemicals.
Familial history of heart disease and increased risk for elevated troponin in apparently healthy individuals
Authors: Cohen Noa , Brzezinski Rafael Y. , Ehrenwald Michal , Shapira Itzhak , Zeltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani , Milwidsky Assi , Rogowski Ori
Published: June 2019

Background

Family history of heart disease (FH‐HD) is associated with an increase drisk of subsequent HD. High sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) is arecognized biomarker of myocyte injury even in HD free patients. We examined the association between FH‐HD and hs‐cTnT in apparently healthy individuals.

Hypothesis

FH‐HD is associated with elevated hs‐cTnT in apparently healthy individuals.

Methods

In a cross sectional study we analyzed data of apparently healthy individuals (n=3,821) recruited for the Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Inflammation Survey (TAMCIS). Blood samples were obtained for hs‐cTnT and high sensitive CRP (hs‐CRP) among other tests. FH‐HD was defined as first degree family member with HD diagnosis and classified as premature if the diagnosis was done before the age of 55 for men or 65 for women.

Results

Elevated hs‐cTnT (>14 ng/L) was more common in FH‐HD of any age, and in premature FH‐HD (FH‐P‐HD) participants than in participants without FH‐HD (4.4% vs 2.0%, p<0.001 and 4.3% vs 2.0%, p=0.001, respectively). Adjustmentfor potential risk factors with association to elevated hs‐cTnT (age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, hs‐CRP, smoking and physical activity), showed that FH‐HD and FH‐P‐HD remained significantly associated with elevated hs‐cTnT (OR=1.62, p=0.025 and OR=1.70, p=0.039, respectively). Furthermore, we found that a significant interaction between FH‐HD or FH‐P‐HD and high levels ofhs‐CRP (>3 mg/L) increased the risk for elevated hs‐cTnT (OR=3.07, p=0.036 for FH‐HD and OR=3.25, p=0.053 for FH‐P‐HD).

Conclusions

FH‐HD and its interaction with elevated hs‐CRP levels were significantly associated with elevated hs‐cTnT in apparently healthy individuals suggesting that an inflammatory process may be involved in this association.
Thorough QTc Evaluation and the Safety of Supratherapeutic Doses of Odanacatib in Healthy Subjects
Authors: McCrea Jacqueline , Mostoller Kate , Mahon Chantal , Liu Chengcheng , Liu Fang , Zajic Stefan , Panebianco Deborah , Chakravarthy Manu , Brandquist Christine , Gutierrez Maria , Stoch S. Aubrey
Published: June 2019

Assessing risk for QTc interval prolongation in a thorough QTc study is a standard recommendation when evaluating new chemical entities. As part of the clinical development program for odanacatib, an oral selective inhibitor of cathepsin K previously in development for the treatment of osteoporosis, 2 clinical studies in healthy subjects assessed pharmacokinetics and overall safety (including potential for delayed ventricular repolarization) of a supratherapeutic dose. In study 1, subjects received a supratherapeutic dose regimen of odanacatib (300 mg on day 1, then daily multiple doses of 25 mg to day 21) or placebo. In study 2 (days 1–4), subjects received the odanacatib supratherapeutic dose regimen or moxifloxacin (positive control, single 400‐mg dose on day 4; matching placebo for odanacatib/moxifloxacin) or placebo. All doses were administered with a high‐fat meal. In study 1 (N = 12), the supratherapeutic dosing regimen achieved exposure ∼3.5‐fold of the proposed therapeutic dose (50 mg once weekly) and was sufficiently well tolerated to permit assessment in the thorough QTc study (study 2). In study 2 (N = 116), the primary objective was placebo‐corrected change from baseline in QTcF interval (Fridericia's correction), assessed by replicate electrocardiograms (12‐lead Holter recordings; days –1 through 7). Supratherapeutic odanacatib dosing was not associated with increased risk of prolonged QT interval, unlike moxifloxacin (confirming assay sensitivity). Pooled safety data across both studies suggested that the safety profile of odanacatib at high exposures was similar to placebo, with a small clustering of oral cavity adverse events. Odanacatib was not associated with increased risk of prolonged QT interval.
Dental dam utilization by dentists in an intramural faculty practice
Authors: Imbery Terence A. , Carrico Caroline K.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

From casual observation of our colleagues, only a few individuals use the dental dam for operative procedures in their faculty practice. The purpose of this study was to obtain faculty perceptions of the dental dam, quantify its utilization in their intramural faculty practice, and determine the factors that influence dental dam usage.

Material and Methods

A survey containing 11 questions was sent to 19 faculty members who teach full time and maintain an intramural dental practice involving operative dentistry. Thirty electronic dental health records of the 19 providers were reviewed to gather the following information from restorative procedures they completed: isolation methods, tooth location and involved surfaces, and dental restorative material.

Results

Overall, dental dam was utilized for 30% of all restorative procedures and was used less than 20% of the time for placement of class II and class III composite resins. Dental dam utilization rate by general dentists was 37% and 17.6% for prosthodontists. Those general dentists with prior history of military dental practice had a utilization rate of 78.6% and nonmilitary dentists only 7.6%. Eight faculty members responded to the questionnaire for a 42% return rate. Those who practiced dentistry in the military strongly agreed that the dental dam is the standard of care, improves their quality of restorative work, and should be documented in the dental record.

Conclusions

There were significantly different dental dam utilization rates between general dentists and prosthodontists and between dentists with prior military experience and those without.
Mapping the field of international peace education programs and exploring their networked impact on peacebuilding
Authors: Pugh Jeffrey D. , Ross Karen
Published: June 2019

Conventional wisdom holds that international education builds cross‐cultural capacity, and evaluations of peacebuilding interventions point to significant impacts. Yet, little scholarship links these fields or explores the significance of networks of participants in either area for mobilizing transnational peacebuilding capital. We address this by examining how peace and conflict‐oriented international education (PCIE) programs enable construction of lasting alumni networks, and how these can contribute to longer‐term conflict prevention and peacebuilding activities after participants return home. We draw upon an original dataset of 178 PCIE programs and a survey of program founders and staff.
A nonparametric approach to detecting changes in variance in locally stationary time series
Authors: Chapman J.‐L. , Eckley I. A. , Killick R.
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a nonparametric approach to detecting changes in variance within a time series that we demonstrate is resilient to departures from the assumption of normality or presence of outliers. Our method is founded on a local estimate of the variance provided by the locally stationary wavelet framework. Within this setting, the structure of this local estimate of the variance will be piecewise constant if a time series has piecewise constant variance. Consequently, changes in the variance of a time series can be detected in a nonparametric setting. In addition, using a simulation study, we explore the robustness of our approach against the typical assumption of normality and presence of outliers. We illustrate the application of the approach to changes in variability of wind speeds at a location in the United Kingdom.
Changes in drug load during lacosamide combination therapy: A noninterventional, observational study in German and Austrian clinical practice
Authors: Reinhardt Fritjof , Weber Yvonne G. , Mayer Thomas , Luef Gerhard , Joeres Lars , Tennigkeit Frank , Dedeken Peter , De Backer Marc , Hellot Scarlett , Lauterbach Thomas , Webers Tanja , Arnold Stephan
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Effects of antiepileptic drug (AED) load changes in patients with focal seizures have not been well evaluated.

Methods

SP1065 (NCT01673282) was a noninterventional, prospective, observational study conducted in a clinical practice setting. Patients (aged ≥18 years) with focal seizures were enrolled within 7 days of being prescribed adjunctive lacosamide. Observation period was ~6 months. Drug load was assessed using percentage change in ratio of actual prescribed dose and World Health Organization defined daily dose (DDD) for concomitant AEDs and all AEDs (including lacosamide). Subgroups were defined for patients with at least one concomitant sodium channel–blocking AED (SCB [+]) and those without (SCB [−]).

Results

A total of 311 patients were assessed for safety, 302 for measurement of drug load, and 240 for effectiveness. Ratio of AED dose to DDD decreased for concomitant AEDs (−9.6%) and increased for all AEDs (including lacosamide; 15.5%). Median reduction in focal seizure frequency per 28 days was 100% (range: −100, 2275.8). 70.4% and 61.7% of patients had a ≥50% or ≥75% reduction in seizure frequency, respectively; 50.8% became seizure‐free. In the SCB (+) subgroup (n = 149), ratio of AED dose to DDD decreased for concomitant AEDs (−15.0%) and increased for all AEDs (10.7%). In the SCB (−) subgroup (n = 153), ratio of AED dose to DDD decreased for concomitant AEDs (−4.4%) and increased for all AEDs (20.2%). Fifty‐seven patients (18.3%) reported ADRs, most commonly dose >400 mg/d (7.1%). Seventeen patients (5.5%) had ADRs leading to discontinuation.

Significance

Addition of lacosamide resulted in reduction of concomitant AED drug load regardless of whether concomitant AEDs were SCB (+) or SCB (−). These results indicate that addition of lacosamide in patients with focal seizures could allow clinicians to withdraw or reduce the dose of less well‐tolerated or less effective AEDs.
Somatic mutations substantially increase the per-generation mutation rate in the coniferPicea sitchensis
Authors: Hanlon Vincent C. T. , Otto Sarah P. , Aitken Sally N.
Published: June 2019

The rates and biological significance of somatic mutations have long been a subject of debate. Somatic mutations in plants are expected to accumulate with vegetative growth and time, yet rates of somatic mutations are unknown for conifers, which can reach exceptional sizes and ages. We investigated somatic mutation rates in the conifer Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) by analyzing a total of 276 Gb of nuclear DNA from the tops and bottoms of 20 old-growth trees averaging 76 m in height. We estimate a somatic base substitution rate of 2.7 × 10−8 per base pair within a generation. To date, this is one of the highest estimated per-generation rates of mutation among eukaryotes, indicating that somatic mutations contribute substantially to the total per-generation mutation rate in conifers. Nevertheless, as the sampled trees are centuries old, the per-year rate is low in comparison with nontree taxa. We argue that although somatic mutations raise genetic load in conifers, they generate important genetic variation and enable selection both among cell lineages within individual trees and among offspring.