bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive response as a criterion for assessing individual human radiosensitivity. Review
Authors:   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko I.N. , Akleev A.V. ,   Urals Research Center of Radiation Medicine, FMBA RF,   Chelyabinsk State University, Petushkova V.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Neyfakh Е.А. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko B.S. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ktitorova O.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ganeev I.I. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kuzmina N.S. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS,   Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, Selivanova E.I. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: March 2022

Most studies of radioadaptive response (RAR) in vivo have revealed its effective induction both by chronic and single irradiation of a human organism with low doses. The classical way of the for-mation of RAR on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was noted as in occupationally irradiated personnel as in residents of areas with increased natural or man-made accidental high background radiation. In some studies, the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and children liv-ing in the Chernobyl pollution zone showed the phenomenon of increasing the radiosensitivity of PBL. A comparative analysis of the influence of two types of radiation (gamma and betta) with close RBE showed comparable effectiveness to induce an adaptive response in human PBL in the mode of chronic exposure in the long term. Evidence of RAR in vivo was also obtained in the study of DNA end-points and chromosomal damage. In an experiment with the effect on neutrophils of peripheral blood of the elderly people (age 63-84 years) induced by acute gamma-rays in a wide range of doses (0.1; 0.25; 1; 4 and 10 Gy) the greatest radioresistance of their phagocytic and lysosomal activity is shown. Gamma-rays at low doses (0.1 Gy) stimulated the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils in vitro using activated pyrogen (Pyrogernalum). The article presents some mechanisms of RAR in vivo. The study of radioadaptive response should be considered as an indispensable factor for assessing and controlling individual human radiosensitivity.
Determining the Optimal Virtual Reality Exergame Approach for Balance Therapy in Persons With Neurological Disorders Using a Rasch Analysis: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Wiskerke Evelyne , Kool Jan , Hilfiker Roger , Sattelmayer Karl Martin , Verheyden Geert
Published: March 2022

Background

Virtual reality (VR) exergames have gained popularity in the rehabilitation of persons with neurological disorders as an add-on therapy to increase intensity of training. Intensity is strongly dependent on the motivation of the patient. Motivation can be increased by delivering variation within training and challenging exercises. However, patients are often underchallenged, as exergame difficulty often does not match the patient’s ability. A Rasch analysis can establish hierarchy of exergame items in order to assist the delivery of patient-centered therapy.

Objective

The aim of this study was to apply the Rasch model to create a hierarchical order of existing VR balance exergames and to relate these exergames to the abilities of persons with neurological disorders, in order to deliver challenge and variation.

Methods

A total of 30 persons with stroke and 51 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) were included in the study. All participants performed a training program, lasting 3 weeks for persons with MS and 4 weeks for persons with stroke, in which they performed VR balance exergames with a movement recognition–based system (MindMotion GO; MindMaze SA). VR exercise scores, Berg Balance Scale scores, and clinical descriptive data were collected. Berg Balance Scale and device scores were analyzed with the Rasch model using a repeated-measures approach to examine whether the distribution of exercise scores fitted the Rasch model. Secondly, a person-item map was created to show the hierarchy of exercise difficulty and person ability.

Results

Participants completed a selection of 56 balance exercises (ie, items), which consisted of a combination of various balance tasks and levels (ie, exercises). Using repeated measures, this resulted in a count of 785 observations. Analysis showed strong evidence for unidimensionality of the data. A total of 47 exercises (ie, items) had a sufficiently good fit to the Rasch model. Six items showed underfit, with outfit mean square values above 1.5. One item showed underfit but was kept in the analysis. Three items had negative point-biserial correlations. The final model consisted of 47 exercises, which were provided for persons with low to moderate balance ability.

Conclusions

The VR exercises sufficiently fitted the Rasch model and resulted in a hierarchical order of VR balance exercises for persons with stroke and MS with low to moderate balance ability. In combination with the Berg Balance Scale, the results can guide clinical decision-making in the selection of patient-focused VR balance exercises.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03993275; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03993275
Natural Language Processing to Identify Digital Learning Tools in Postgraduate Family Medicine: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Yan Hui , Rahgozar Arya , Sethuram Claire , Karunananthan Sathya , Archibald Douglas , Bradley Lindsay , Hakimjavadi Ramtin , Helmer-Smith Mary , Jolin-Dahel Kheira , McCutcheon Tess , Puncher Jeffrey , Rezaiefar Parisa , Shoppoff Lina , Liddy Clare
Published: March 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the growing need for digital learning tools in postgraduate family medicine training. Family medicine departments must understand and recognize the use and effectiveness of digital tools in order to integrate them into curricula and develop effective learning tools that fill gaps and meet the learning needs of trainees.

Objective

This scoping review will aim to explore and organize the breadth of knowledge regarding digital learning tools in family medicine training.

Methods

This scoping review follows the 6 stages of the methodological framework outlined first by Arksey and O’Malley, then refined by Levac et al, including a search of published academic literature in 6 databases (MEDLINE, ERIC, Education Source, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) and gray literature. Following title and abstract and full text screening, characteristics and main findings of the included studies and resources will be tabulated and summarized. Thematic analysis and natural language processing (NLP) will be conducted in parallel using a 9-step approach to identify common themes and synthesize the literature. Additionally, NLP will be employed for bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the identified literature.

Results

The search strategy has been developed and launched. As of October 2021, we have completed stages 1, 2, and 3 of the scoping review. We identified 132 studies for inclusion through the academic literature search and 127 relevant studies in the gray literature search. Further refinement of the eligibility criteria and data extraction has been ongoing since September 2021.

Conclusions

In this scoping review, we will identify and consolidate information and evidence related to the use and effectiveness of existing digital learning tools in postgraduate family medicine training. Our findings will improve the understanding of the current landscape of digital learning tools, which will be of great value to educators and trainees interested in using existing tools, innovators looking to design digital learning tools that meet current needs, and researchers involved in the study of digital tools.

Trial Registration

OSF Registries osf.io/wju4k; https://osf.io/wju4k

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/34575
eHealth policy in Spain: a comparative study between general population and groups at risk of social exclusion in Spain (Preprint)
Authors: Fernández Da Silva Ángela , Barral Buceta Bran , Mahou Lago Xosé María
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the healthcare sector has experienced accelerated progress in terms of the inclusion of ICTs in its procedures and formalities. However, public administrations have been unable to adapt to the peculiarities of the most vulnerable groups, leaving them on the margins of the healthcare system and contributing to the widening of the so-called digital divide.

OBJECTIVE

This article presents the results of a research work developed between 2018 and 2021, which aims to verify how autonomous health systems address the limitations that different groups of users or collectives, in exclusion or at risk of social exclusion, experience in their interaction with electronic health services, determining how inclusive these web portals are (or are not).

METHODS

Based on the analysis of the literature, three dimensions have been constructed to identify the level of inclusion of web portals: the perception of quality, the perception of usability and the importance attributed to their content. In order to obtain data on each of these dimensions, a study was designed based on the user test methodology as a central element (identifying and evaluating eleven vulnerable groups) and, in parallel, a survey of the general population and heuristic tests.

RESULTS

A high percentage of vulnerable people affected by risk factors are not receiving adequate healthcare due to the digitalization of the system and the implementation of scarcely inclusive health web portals, which pose significant barriers in service provision for the 11 selected collectives. Meanwhile, the general population is being introduced to eHealth benefits, although the latter did not have high levels of digitization or a broad portfolio of services.

CONCLUSIONS

The general population values the services relatively positively, but only a minority of them make intensive use of them, and they are not widespread in Spain as a whole. Meanwhile, the population at risk of exclusion lacks the skills and resources to make real use of eHealth, needing "digital intermediaries" from the social sphere to achieve results. eHealth policies are not taking into account people with higher levels of marginalization, aggravating their exclusion and the digital divide.
Digital Social Prescribing Post-Digital Literacy Education Program: Quasi-experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Hocheol , Nam Hae Kweun , Lim Joo Aeh , Nam Eun Woo
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization has suggested providing welfare services using digital devices to combat aging related issues, such as social isolation and depression in people aged 65 and above. Digital literacy education programs in South Korea, a nation with a substantial older population, are expected to help older people participate in online welfare services in order to increase their social support, self-esteem and well-being.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to 1) assess the effects of digital literacy education on digital device usage in people, aged 65 and above, living in rural areas in South Korea. 2) evaluate the positive effects of digital literacy education on depression, happiness, quality of life, self-efficacy, and cognitive function. 3) provide a basis for national policies on digital health care for the people over 65.

METHODS

we conducted a quasi-experimental design study amongst people aged 65 and above, living in Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea. Participants: Experimental group: 62 people who volunteered to attend digital literacy program; Control group: 68 people who did not wish to receive digital literacy education and were part of the older adult center of Wonju-si. A digital literacy education program was conducted to evaluate smartphone use competency followed by a customized questionnaire survey to assess its effects based on: demographics, happiness, subjective health, depression, quality of life, self-efficacy and cognitive function. Chi-square test and paired t-test were conducted to analyze key indicators of pre- and post-education changes in the experimental group and difference-in-differences regression analysis was conducted to understand effects of key indicators.

RESULTS

The participants of the experimental group showed a significant increase in smartphone usage and video recording capacity than the control group. Happiness and cognitive function score for dementia screening increased significantly by a mean of 3.7 and 1.1 points respectively, after the digital literacy education.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital literacy education for older adults in rural areas greatly increased smartphone use, video recording capacity, happiness and cognitive function. Based on these findings, the government may implement digital literacy education for older adults in rural areas to increase their happiness and cognitive function.
Predicting Clinical Intent from Free Text Electronic Health Records (Preprint)
Authors: Noor Kawsar , Dobson Richard JB , Smith Katherine , Bennett Julia , O’Connell Jade , Romao Luis , Fisk Jessica , Hunt Monika , Philippo Gary , Xu Teresa , Wong Wai Keong
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

After a patient consultation, a clinician determines the steps in the management of the patient. A clinician may for example request to see the patient again or refer them to a specialist. Whilst many clinicians will typically record their intent as ‘next steps’ in the patient’s clinical notes, in some cases the clinician may forget to indicate their intent as an order or request, e.g. failure to place the follow-up order. This consequently results in patients becoming ‘lost-to-follow up’ and may in some cases lead to adverse consequences.

OBJECTIVE

Train a machine learning model to detect a clinician’s intent to follow up with a patient from the patient’s clinical notes.

METHODS

Trained a machine learning model to detect clinical intent using a dataset of annotated clinical notes taken from the bariatric clinic from the University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS trust. A total of 3000 notes were annotated by three blinded annotators. This dataset was then used to train a natural language processing (NLP) multilabel classification model.

RESULTS

Annotators systematically identified 22 possible types of clinical intent and annotated 3000 Bariatric clinical notes. The annotation process revealed a class imbalance in the labeled data and we found that there was only sufficient labeled data to train 11 out of the 22 intents. We used the data to train a BERT based multilabel classification model and reported the following average accuracy metrics for all intents: macro-precision: 0.91, macro-recall: 0.90, macro-f1: 0.90.

CONCLUSIONS

NLP models can be used to successfully detect clinical intent in clinical free text notes.
Design and Preliminary Findings of Adherence to the Self-Testing for Our Protection From COVID-19 (STOP COVID-19) Risk-Based Testing Protocol: Prospective Digital Study (Preprint)
Authors: Herbert Carly , Kheterpal Vik , Suvarna Thejas , Broach John , Marquez Juan Luis , Gerber Ben , Schrader Summer , Nowak Christopher , Harman Emma , Heetderks William , Fahey Nisha , Orvek Elizabeth , Lazar Peter , Ferranto Julia , Noorishirazi Kamran , Valpady Shivakumar , Shi Qiming , Lin Honghuang , Marvel Kathryn , Gibson Laura , Barton Bruce , Lemon Stephenie , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus David , Soni Apurv
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Serial testing for SARS-CoV-2 is recommended to reduce spread of the virus; however, little is known about adherence to recommended testing schedules and reporting practices to health departments.

OBJECTIVE

The Self-Testing for Our Protection from COVID-19 (STOP COVID-19) study aims to examine adherence to a risk-based COVID-19 testing strategy using rapid antigen tests and reporting of test results to health departments.

METHODS

STOP COVID-19 is a 12-week digital study, facilitated using a smartphone app for testing assistance and reporting. We are recruiting 20,000 participants throughout the United States. Participants are stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on history of COVID-19 infection and vaccination status. High-risk participants are instructed to perform twice-weekly testing for COVID-19 using rapid antigen tests, while low-risk participants test only in the case of symptoms or exposure to COVID-19. All participants complete COVID-19 surveillance surveys, and rapid antigen results are recorded within the smartphone app. Primary outcomes include participant adherence to a risk-based serial testing protocol and percentage of rapid tests reported to health departments.

RESULTS

As of February 2022, 3496 participants have enrolled, including 1083 high-risk participants. Out of 13,730 tests completed, participants have reported 13,480 (98.18%, 95% CI 97.9%-98.4%) results to state public health departments with full personal identifying information or anonymously. Among 622 high-risk participants who finished the study period, 35.9% showed high adherence to the study testing protocol. Participants with high adherence reported a higher percentage of test results to the state health department with full identifying information than those in the moderate- or low-adherence groups (high: 71.7%, 95% CI 70.3%-73.1%; moderate: 68.3%, 95% CI 66.0%-70.5%; low: 63.1%, 59.5%-66.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Preliminary results from the STOP COVID-19 study provide important insights into rapid antigen test reporting and usage, and can thus inform the use of rapid testing interventions for COVID-19 surveillance.
The Political Language of Disaster: Indonesian Government Communication for Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alnizar Fariz , Manshur Fadlil Munawwar
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is one of the most populous countries exposed to Covid-19 with a high mortality rate. The pandemic has been in Indonesia since March 2020, but before the Covid-19 virus was officially declared to enter Indonesia, the Indonesian government previously took this threat lightly. It showed that the Indonesian government was using political language such as disaster communication. Some disparaging comments left public officials. This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques. The primary data is derived from President Joko Widodo’s speech at Bogor Palace and the tweets of @kemenkes @BNPB and @Jokowi’s Twitter accounts related to Covid-19. This research examines how the Indonesian government communicates its policies in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this research is intended to reveal the narrative developed by the Indonesian government in campaigning for policies to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. The results show that there are doubts from the government in determining the policies to be taken to overcome the spread of Covid-19. The narrative developed by the government—like the phrase “new normal” and “enggak mudik” phrase—is a narrative that is intended to create calm, even though it can endanger public health.
Influences of Critical Thinking Disposition on Situated Academic Writing Self-efficacy of EFL Students
Authors: Alsowat Hamad H.
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the influences of critical thinking disposition (CTD) on EFL undergraduates’ situated academic writing self-efficacy (SAWSE). A total of 243 Saudi students completed Yoon’s Critical Thinking Disposition (YCTD) instrument and the Situated Academic Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (SAWSES). The findings revealed that students had medium levels of CTD (M=3.26, SD=0.56) and SAWSE (M=3.20, SD=0.68). Eagerness, fairness, and objectivity scored the highest levels on CTD, whereas prudence had the lowest level. In addition, findings revealed significant differences in levels of situated academic writing self-efficacy among students who had high, medium, and low levels of critical thinking disposition. The correlations between subscales of CTD and SAWSE were all positive and statistically significant. Besides, the self-confidence subscale of CTD had the most significant impact on all three aspects of SAWSE. The study paved the way to understand how students’ situated academic writing self-efficacy changes as a result of critical thinking deposition. Implications for EFL teachers and future directions were discussed.
Emerging Technologies: Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Paul Tiwari Siddhartha
Published: March 2022

As advances in emerging technologies continue to transform the business landscape, knowledge sharing will become increasingly important to leveraging the unique core competencies of organizations so as to gain a competitive advantage. Despite emerging technologies being so popular in news and media publications, knowledge sharing remains an area of research that is under-researched in the emerging technologies context. This research aims to identify the barriers and factors to knowledge sharing within an emerging technology context. A comprehensive in-depth interview was conducted with 38 professionals working in 5 organizations engaged in the field of emerging technologies in order to arrive at the findings discussed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the surveys, we found that there are six main factors driving the need for sharing knowledge. The six factors are: regular cadence, integrating expertise from different teams, diversity-inclusive social environment, Interconnected platforms that are accessible to all, a regular update schedule that needs to be followed, to create points of contact within different departments of an organization in order to facilitate sharing. It is important to note that the distribution and use of knowledge in organizations is dependent on the interactions between individuals.
Olvidar a los clásicos: Las Teorías sobre el pentecostalismo en América Latina
Authors: Mansilla Aguero Miguel Angel , Orellana Urtubia Luis
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de las principales teorías de las ciencias sociales aplicadas al pentecostalismo latinoamericano, seleccionando a autores y autoras más reconocidos de México, Ecuador, Chile, Argentina y Brasil. En términos generales, las teorías aplicadas al pentecostalismo latinoamericano, se pueden sintetizar en cinco presupuestos: religión popular; teoría de la comunicación; movimiento social; dramaturgia y de las emociones.
Actividad antimicrobiana de Streptomyces sp. Y15 contra bacterias patógenas y evaluación de medios de cultivo para la producción de antibióticos
Authors: Evangelista-Martínez Zahaed , Ríos-Muñiz Diana E. , Gómez-Cano Jessica , Montoya-Hidalgo Ashley C. , Ochoa-Solórzano Reyna E.
Published: March 2022

Una característica notable de las bacterias Streptomyces es la capacidad para producir metabolitos secundarios. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar estreptomicetos con actividad antibacteriana y usarlos contra bacterias patógenas de plantas y humanos, así como evaluar la producción de antibióticos en diferentes medios de cultivo. Para seleccionar estreptomicetos con actividad antibacteriana, se empleó el método de difusión de disco de agar en 31 aislados, de los que fue seleccionado un aislado, que posteriormente se cultivó en nueve medios para evaluar la producción de metabolitos inhibitorios. Se detectaron tres aislados con actividad inhibitoria contra al menos cuatro especies patógenas. El estreptomiceto nombrado Y15 presentó actividad antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Dickeya dadantii, y Pectobacterium carotovorum. La producción de los metabolitos antimicrobianos se mantuvo cuando Y15 creció en un medio con limitada concentración de fuente de nitrógeno. La presencia de compuestos con nitrógeno orgánico provocó una disminución en la producción de los metabolitos antibacterianos. El aislado Y15 se identificó como miembro del género Streptomyces mediante la secuencia del gen 16S rDNA. La composición del medio de fermentación es un factor importante para modular la producción de antibióticos, que tiene impacto sobre la cantidad y diversidad de los metabolitos secundarios producidos.
A Study of Colour Image Encryption with Chaos Logistic Map and DNA Encoding Techniques
Authors: Chaukade Anmol Kumar , Murali P.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The encryption of image has really become an important task in today’s world as there is a continuous advancement of technology day-by-day. There is a need to protect the images like texts, encrypt them and then transfer them through a channel. As the fast-growing era is more inclined towards the usage of images during conversations, cryptography becomes an essential tool to cipher the information before transferring it over a medium. The transmission channel could be insecure therefore data that is getting transferred must be secured enough so that only the genuine receiver should decode the original meaning of the image. Moreover, the general compatibility of an image should be done before encrypting it and that image could be preprocessed using existing image processing techniques. However, the proposed system is a study of how cryptography tends to be an efficient tool for security and the proposed system is implementation of DNA sequence encoding which provides an additional layer to it. It is divided into four modules. The first module consists of generating a secret key with the help of chaotic logistic map and check the behaviour of the chaotic system. Next phase is to apply the DNA concepts thereby making the quality of image more complex and after that perform the overall encryption with the help of confusion and diffusion technique to get the result as encrypted image. The last phase would be to decode the image and get the original plain image. The performance metrics and evaluated and analysed with the existing methodologies as a comparison. Moreover, a good encrypted image should be able to deal with the different types of attacks that are happening while transmission. Keywords: Chaos logistic map, DNA, encryption, image processing, confusion, cryptography
Mapping & Visualization of Education Systems Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Chaubey Suraj , Ram Abhishek , Shaikh Abdul Raheman
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The blockchain technology, proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, is being regarded as a possibility by businesses, including the financial training, and medical services industries, due to its decentralization and non-altering features. The current admission process of students involves hard copies of students and those documents are provided after their graduation, which can be eliminated by using blockchain technology for the storage of student data on IPFS. While many colleges are migrating to cloud storage, there are various threats associated with the clouds. Most schools and colleges store their student's data locally with no backup and some even don't use backup storage. COVID*19 has recently caused DDOS attacks and ransomware attacks to various colleges. Besides the fact that these traditional database practices often create a mix-up of the students' data, there is also the problem that the data can be misplaced. The purpose of this project will be to implement a model for using blockchains to implement Mapping & Visualization of Education System that maintains students’ privacy and confidentiality. As a result of using hashes and decentralized data storage, the proposed model provides greater security. Additionally, the use of a blockchain based technology to maintain Student Management System’s data a highly trusted and reliable model.
Women Safety App
Authors: Sankar E. , Karthik CH. Aditya , Kiran A. Sai
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In today’s world, people using smart phones have increased rapidly andhence, a smart phone can be used efficiently for private security or various protection purposes hence, a smart phone can be used efficiently for private security or various other protection purposes. The dangeous incidents that outraged the entire other protection purposes. The heinous incidents that outraged the entire nation have waken us to go for the safety issues. So we have created a app so that women can feel safe when they go outside. In The feature of this application is to send application is to send the message to the registered contacts continuously, i.e. sharing the message to the registered contacts continuously and sharing the live location. Continuous location tracking information helps to seek out the location, tracking information helps to find the location of the victim and can be rescued safely. Index Terms: Android Application, Women Safety, Java, protection
PEMBERDAYAAN KADER DASAWISMA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN METODE KERANJANG TAKAKURA
Authors: Hegard Sukmawati (Scopus ID: 57189732715) Ni Made , Pratiwi Anny Eka , Juwita DAP Ratna
Published: March 2022

Kesehatan dan sampah merupakan dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Sampah identik dengan sesuatu yang kotor dan berbau busuk. Penumpukan sampah dapat menimbulkan pencemaran air dan tanah, serta menimbulkan masalah sanitasi lainnya. Sanitasi buruk merupakan media yang tepat bagi perkembangbiakan pathogen maupun vektornya sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber munculnya kejadian penyakit menular. Partisipasi masyarakat merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam memecahkan permasalahan sampah, karena keberhasilan dalam pengelolaan sampah terletak pada kontribusi partisipasi masyarakatnya.  Sebual merupakan sebuah banjar yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Jembrana, Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali. Banjar Sebual berlokasi di perbatasan kota kabupaten dan dilewati oleh jalan provinsi. Masyarakat di wilayah ini masih mengelola sampah dengan cara penimbunan di pekarangan, pembakaran, dan bahkan diantaranya melakukan pembuangan sampah ke sungai. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai kesehatan lingkungan dan memberikan pembekalan mengenai teknik pengolahan sampah rumah tangga dengan metode sederhana, yaitu komposting Takakura. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terbagi menjadi tiga tahap, persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi pemaparan materi melalui presentasi, penayangan video peraga, dan demonstrasi langsung pengolahan sampah rumah tangga dengan komposting Takakura. Rancangan evaluasi kegiatan meliputi evaluasi kehadiran, partisipasi aktif kader, membandingkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan kader dalam pengelolaan sampah melalui pre-test dan post-test, serta evaluasi kepuasan kader terhadap keberlanjutan program. Program PKM ini telah berjalan dengan lancar dan peserta telah memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup untuk melakukan pengolahan sampah rumah tangga dengan metode komposting keranjang Takakura. Hasil evaluasi terhadap pengetahuan peserta menunjukkan kenaikan skor pengetahuan dari rerata 27.5 (pre-test) dan terjadi kenaikan skor rerata menjadi 90.0 (post test). Evaluasi terhadap kepuasan peserta terhadap keberlangsungan program dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui dialog dan secara umum peserta menyatakan puas dengan kegiatan ini dan menyatakan telah memberikan pengetahuan baru bagi peserta.
Covid-19: A Pharmacotherapeutic Perspective
Authors: Khan Bushra Hasan , Singh Shivangna , Ahmad Jameel , Ahmad Farida
Published: March 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 disease has been difficult to tackle owing to the lack of typical therapeutic options. Many antivirals, antimalarial, and biologics are being carefully evaluated for treatment. This literature analysis aims to shed light to the ongoing studies concerning treatment possibilities for COVID-19 and assist as a reserve for health experts.

Objectives: This literature review was done to underline the efficacy and safety of existing treatment alternatives for COVID-19 and the cautious use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.

Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase and SCOPUS were meticulously browsed utilizing an amalgamation of the keywords "COVID 19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "treatment." All categories of articles together with clinical guidelines, case-studies and systematic reviews were assessed.

Conclusions: Treatments that unswervingly target SARS-CoV-2 are not present so far; however, several antivirals (Remdesivir) and antimalarials (Hydroxychloroquine) have appeared as valuable treatment possibilities. Remdesivir and convalescent plasma may be expected to play a beneficial role in serious patients with respiratory failure. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonists could also be utilized in patients who progress and display evidence of cytokine release syndrome. Corticosteroids need to be avoided lest there is a gripping indication for their usage. Available evidence for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 must be utilized till recognized treatments are derived into reality.
Phytochemical Screening and Emulgel Formulation of Jernang Resin Extract (Daemonorops Draco (Willd) Blume)
Authors: M Wulandari , A Arianto , Y Yuandani
Published: March 2022

Objective: Daemonorops draco (Willd) Blume is a plant that produces jernang, which is a red resin that sticks to the outer skin of the fruit. Also known as dragon's blood, it is used as a traditional medicine for wound healing, anti-diarrhea, etc. as a natural coloring agent. Emulgel is an emulsion that contains a gel base in a certain ratio. Emulgel has the advantages of increasing drug absorption, easy to apply and more comfortable, not sticky on the skin. This study aims to determine the class of secondary metabolites contained in jernang in the form of simplicia and their extracts and to make jernang resin extract emulgel preparations that can be used as wound medicine.

Method: Jernang simplicia collected by dry method. The extract was made by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, separating the solvent using a rotary evaporator and concentrating it on a water bath. Phytochemical screening was carried out on simplicia and extracts. The emulsion formulation of jernang resin extract was made in three formulas with various levels of extracts P1 (2.5%), P2 (5%) and P3 (7.5%), using Tween 80 and Isopropyl myristate (IPA) as surfactants and oil phase, and 1% Carbopol as a gel base, then the emulgel was made with a ratio of emulsion and gel base of 4: 1 so that the variations of the extract were made into three formulas P4 (2%), P5 (4%) and P6 (6%)

RESULTS: The results of phytochemical screening showed that jernang simplicia contained flavonoid, glycoside and saponin compounds. Also compounds that are non-polar, namely steroids / triterpenoids. Whereas in the form of the extract it contains flavonoid class compounds, this is because the 96% ethanol solvent is semi-polar so that the compounds contained in the ethanol extract are polar compounds, namely flavonoids which are the largest content of compounds in jernang. Jernang P4 extract emulgel (2%) organoleptically has the best physical appearance, has the characteristics of a thick, slightly clear consistency, brownish red color, has a distinctive smell of jernang mixed with the aroma of Tween 80, and is homogeneous.

Conclusion: Based on the test results, it can be concluded that in the form of jernang simplicia, it contains polar compounds (flavonoids, glycosides and saponins) and non-polar (steroid / terponoid groups) and in the form of jernang resin extract contains flavonoid class compounds. Organoleptically, the jernang resin extract emulgel with a content of 2% (P4) is the best formula compared to other formulas.
A Review On Brief Insight Into Spontaneous Human Combustion
Authors: Patil Tulsi , Soni Arun , Acharya Sanjeev
Published: March 2022

The pseudoscientific principle of spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the combustion of a living human body without an obvious external cause of ignition. Spontaneous Human Combustion eludes condition in which human body is found with huge segments of center parts of body reduced to fiery debris and substantially less harm to the head and extremities, and insignificant harm to the immediate surroundings of the body. The review was aimed to find the possible causalities of Spontaneous Human Combustion. There are basically two types of SHC and the etiology are found on the basis of some hypothesis. All the possible causative factors are covered and a treatment approach is also provided.
Beta-Cyclodextrin As An Excipient In Drug Formulation
Authors: A Bhargav
Published: March 2022

After its discovery nearly 30 years ago, (2-Hydroxy –propyl) Beta –Cyclodextrin, a highly soluble derivative of Beta –Cyclodextrin, has been an authorized excipients of drug formulation in both the US and European pharmacopoeia. It is recommended for use in oral and parenteral formulations as a solubilizer and stabilizer. The majority of medications taken by mouth have low aqueous solubility and dissolution rates. Beta-Cyclodextrin that has been chemically modified Dynamic complex formation used to enchance the Low aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate, and reduced drug stability. Cyclodextrin form inclusion complexes with appropriately sized guest molecules to improve aqueous solubility, physical chemical stability, and bioavailability of drugs. Cyclodextrin is a group of compounds made up of glucose monomers arranged in a donut form. They are non-reducing, crystalline cyclic oligosaccrides with a truncated core that produces a hydrophilic outer surface. Cyclodextrin and its derivatives have become common modalities for increasing oral bio availability and absorption rate as a result of these effects. Cyclodextrin has been positioned as an effective facilitating and usable excipients. This article discusses the widespread use of Cyclodextrin as excipients in drug formulations as well as recent Cyclodextrin developments.
Ketorolac Tromethamine for Sustained Ocular Delivery; Novel In-Situ Gels Development and Evaluation
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Sharma Vandana , Sharma Mukesh , Soni S. L
Published: March 2022

Objective: Ophthalmic ketorolac is used to treat itchy eyes caused by allergies. It also is used to treat swelling and redness (inflammation) that can occur after cataract surgery. Ketorolac is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Methods: Ocular bioavailability is always poor from conventional ophthalmic drops due to spillage and nasolachrymal drainage. Ocular in situ gels can increase the drug residence time thus increasing bioavailability. Polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 934) was used as the gelling agent in combination with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K4M) which acted as a viscosity enhancing agent. Compatibility studies of the drug excipients were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared formulations were characterized for clarity, pH, drug content, sol-to-gel transition by scanning electron microscopy, in-vitro and in-vivo drug release, ocular irritation and stability.

Results: FTIR spectras revealed that, there was no interaction between LEV and excipients. The formulated gels were transparent, uniform in consistency and had spreadability with a pH range of 7.1 to 7.4. Rheological studies revealed that the formulations were psuedoplastic in nature, drug content of sterile in situ gels was found to be 92-98%.Release kinetic study showed that the formulation followed first order diffusion controlled and the optimized formulations was having good antibacterial efficacy.

Conclusion: The said promising formulation (F4) would be able to offer benefits such as increase residence time, prolonged drug release, reduction in frequency of administration and thereby definitely prove to improve the patient compliance.
Evaluation of anticataleptic activity of Hydroxytyrosol on Haloperidol induced Catalepsy in Experimental Animal
Authors: Bansode Mira T , Chaware V. J , Redasani V. K
Published: March 2022

Catalepsy is a symptom resulting from problems with the nervous system, and causes muscular rigidity. People with the symptoms may also be less sensitive to touch and have a decreased sensitivity to pain. Catalepsy generally causes people to be unresponsive to speech. It is similar to catatonia, a condition marked by strange movements, lack of movement, and/or general non responsiveness. However, it typically has an underlying physiological cause and does not cause stereotyped movements.
Study of an Exhaust Gas Heat Separation System for the Beet Harvester
Authors: Dorokhov A. S. , Aksenov А. G. , Sibirev A. V. , Mosyakov M. A. , Sazonov N. V.
Published: March 2022

It was noted that increased soil moisture worsens the quality of harvesting root crops due to a decrease in the completeness of separation. To increase the separating capacity of a slotted cleaner for root crops, it was proposed to improve the heating of the separating surface with hot exhaust gas. (Research purpose) To optimize the design and technological parameters of an exhaust gas heat separation system of the sugar beet harvester power plant. (Materials and methods) Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM developed an exhaust gas heat separation system for harvesting root crops and potatoes in high moisture conditions using the heat of the harvester power plant exhaust gases. The cleaning quality of the separating system of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester was determined under the gradual engine load from 0 to 100 percent of the nominal rated power. The temperature of the exhaust gases was measured with the assumption of changes in the engine load and its effective power. (Results and discussion) The experiment revealed an increase in the completeness of the separation of a root crops heap from 96.0 to 98.8 percent at 26-32 percent soil moisture due to the separation system in the form of a cleaning star, which uses the heat of the engine exhaust gases. The established optimal values of the factors under consideration are as follows: the separating star rotation rate is 21.8 revolutions per minute, the distance between the separating star and the deflector is 128.4 millimeters. (Conclusions) It was determined that the high quality of the technological process of root crops harvesting in high soil moisture conditions ensuring a 97-percent separation efficiency is possible if optimize the separating device design and technological parameters and maintain the separating star rotation rate at 20-22 revolutions per minute and the distance between the separating star and the deflector within 120-140 millimeters. The authors noted the prospects of developing this system and the need for theoretical and experimental studies to improve the design and technological process of the harvester separating system.
Structural and Functional Models for Building New Generation Automated and Robotic Dairy Farms
Authors: Kirsanov V. V.
Published: March 2022

The authors showed that large dairy complexes for over 2,000 cows create an increased environmental burden on the environment. The main tasks arising in this case were named: creating an optimal indoor microclimate for different age and gender groups of animals; providing sparing and comfortable modes of technological, veterinary and sanitary care and keeping animals; waste recycling; increasing the productive longevity of cows up to 4-5 lactations. (Research purpose) To develop methodologies for modular construction of an expanded standard-size range of new generation automated and robotic livestock farms. (Materials and methods) The authors proposed the main criteria and indicators for building a "smart" farm: minimum feed costs per unit of production; reduced energy consumption; optimal capital intensity of equipment and engineering structures per one livestock place; the minimum cost per unit of production with its high quality. The authors received the criterion equation for the total functional of the dairy farm. (Results and discussion) The authors analyzed the structural and functional diagrams of various configuration and size dairy farms (T-H-shaped), including combined storage farms, which make it possible to create a combined functional and logistics infrastructure consisting of standard modular units. The authors proposed the concept of building a technological module for a "smart" robotic farm for 400 heads with combined sectional feed and waste storage facilities, a robotic milking parlor, a multifunctional electrified robotic feed loader-pusher-dispenser and equipment for microclimate differentiated provision.  (Conclusions) The authors developed methods, models, structural and functional schemes for modular construction of new generation automated and robotic dairy farms of various shapes and sizes. Their following advantages were confirmed: the optimal construction time, a sparing effect on biological objects and the environment, an increase in the production digitalization and automation level, the animal productive longevity, the dairy farming profitability in general.
Local and scalable detection of genuine multipartite single-photon path entanglement
Authors: Caspar Patrik , Oudot Enky , Sekatski Pavel , Maring Nicolas , Martin Anthony , Sangouard Nicolas , Zbinden Hugo , Thew Rob
Published: March 2022

How can a multipartite single-photon path-entangled state be certified efficiently by means of local measurements? We address this question by constructing an entanglement witness based on local photon detections preceded by displacement operations to reveal genuine multipartite entanglement. Our witness is defined as a sum of three observables that can be measured locally and assessed with two measurement settings for any number of parties N. For any bipartition, the maximum mean value of the witness observable over biseparable states is bounded by the maximum eigenvalue of an N×N matrix, which can be computed efficiently. We demonstrate the applicability of our scheme by experimentally testing the witness for heralded 4- and 8-partite single-photon path-entangled states. Our implementation shows the scalability of our witness and opens the door for distributing photonic multipartite entanglement in quantum networks at high rates.
Operational nonclassicality in minimal autonomous thermal machines
Authors: Bohr Brask Jonatan , Clivaz Fabien , Haack Géraldine , Tavakoli Armin
Published: March 2022

Thermal machines exploit interactions with multiple heat baths to perform useful tasks, such as work production and refrigeration. In the quantum regime, tasks with no classical counterpart become possible. Here, we consider the minimal setting for quantum thermal machines, namely two-qubit autonomous thermal machines that use only incoherent interactions with their environment, and investigate the fundamental resources needed to generate entanglement. Our investigation is systematic, covering different types of interactions, bosonic and fermionic environments, and different resources that can be supplied to the machine. We adopt an operational perspective in which we assess the nonclassicality of the generated entanglement through its ability to perform useful tasks such as Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, quantum teleportation and Bell nonlocality. We provide both constructive examples of nonclassical effects and general no-go results that demarcate the fundamental limits in autonomous entanglement generation. Our results open up a path toward understanding nonclassical phenomena in thermal processes.