bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATION STYLE OF TALKSHOW PROGRAM BROADCASTERS TO ATTRACT LISTENER AT REGIONAL PUBLIC BROADCASTING RADIO (RSPD) KLATEN
Authors: Elvira Anastasia , Sarjono Herning Suryo , Itasari Andri Astuti
Published: December 2024

In communicating, everyone has a dif erent communication style. In Klaten, CentralJava, there is Radio Siaran Publik Daerah (RSPD) Klaten. The broadcaster'scommunication style can be used to attract listeners at RSPD Klaten. By using acommunication style, an announcer can influence the message conveyed to thecommunicant or listener so that smooth communication and interaction can beestablished. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the communicationstyle of talk show broadcasters to attract listeners on Radio Siaran Publik Daerah(RSPD) Klaten. This study used communication style theory by Steward L. Tubbs andSylvia Moss. Qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach were used byresearchers in this study. Data collection techniques are carried out throughobservation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study show that thecommunication style of broadcasters has its own communication style. Thecommunication style used by the announcer of the talk show program to attractlisteners at RSPD Klaten, using the equalitarian style, the structuring style and thecontrolling style.
Keywords : Communication Style, Announcer, RSPD Klaten, Talk Show Program
Peningkatan Partisipasi Politik Wanita Dalam Kehidupan Berdemokrasi Di Kelurahan Mojosongo, Kecamatan Jebres, Surakarta
Authors: Suryo Herning , Giri Kartika
Published: December 2024

Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan bekal peningkatan partisipasi wanita dalam kehidupanberdemokrasi. Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini hendaknya dapat bermanfaat bagi berbagai pihak: wanitaMasyarakat, Tokoh - Tokoh masyarakat dan seluruh pengurus PKK RT 03 RW XIV Kalurahan MojosongoKecamatan Jebres Surakarta, kegiatan ini memberikan kontribusi untuk lebih meningkatkan partisipasi politikwanita dalam kehidupan berdemokrasi. Bagi Perguruan Tinggi, kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat inimerupakan pelaksanaan Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang ke tiga dan hasilnya dapat sebagai masukan yangberharga bagi perkembangan Unit LPPM dan sebagai pendukung kegiatan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang lainyaitu Pendidikan dan Penelitian. Realisasi Pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakanpada tanggal 18 Oktober 2017 bertempat di PKK RW 03 RW XIV Kelurahan Mojosongo Kecamatan JebresSurakarta. Kelompok Sasaran Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini adalah wanita, masyarakat, Tokoh â€“ tokohMasyarakat dan pengurus PKK RT 03 RW XIV Kelurahan Mojosongo Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta. Metode yangditerapkan 1. Metode ceramah, dimaksudkan untuk menyampaikan materi penyuluhan .2. Metode tanya jawab,untuk memperjelas materi yang disampaikan. 3. Metode diskusi, untuk memperjelas kesamaan pandangan terhadapsuatu konsep dan masalah. Diharapkan target luaran Kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini cukup efektif didalam meningkatkan partisipasi politik wanita dalam kehidupan berdemokrasi, pengetahuan dan wawasan tentangpeningkatan partisipasi politik wanita. Dari hasil kegiatan tersebut diharapkan suatu kegiatan yang berkelanjutandan diharapkan ada kegiatan lain yang bermanfaat.Keywords: Demokrasi; Partisipasi politik; Partisipasi wanita; Pemilu.
Pendampingan Penyusunan Pencatatan Keuangan Sederhana Bagi Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) Olahan Makanan di Desa Polengan, Kec. Srumbung, Kab. Magelang
Authors: Sugiharti Rr. Retno , Sarfiah SudatiNur , Septiani Yustirania
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada para pelaku usaha mikro kecil di desa Polengan, Kecamatan Srumbung, Kabupaten Magelang. Metode pelaksanaannya adalah pendampingan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan sederhana, tim pelaksana melakukan kegiatan ini dengan fokus pada peningkatan pengetahuan dasar tentang penyusunan laporan keuangan sederhana. Pendampingan dilakukan pada materi pembukuan dan penyiapan sistem akuntansi dan keuangan bagi pengusaha kecil. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mensosialisasikan hasil simulasi pembukuan dan penyusunan laporan keuangan sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Untuk mengetahui bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berhasil, identifikasi keberhasilannya adalah jika pengusaha kecil dapat membuat laporan keuangan yang baik dan menyusun laporan sesuai format yang ada. Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) yang ingin menggunakan prinsip laporan keuangan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai posisi keuangan, kinerja keuangan, dan laporan arus kas. Usaha ini akan berpengaruh pada modal awal pengembangan usaha, dan kerjasama dengan bankable syaratnya disiplin. Disiplin dalam hal pencatatan baik keuangan usaha maupun pencatatan legalitas usaha.
Pericardial Effusion In A Pediatric Patient With Remote Exposure To Covid-19: A Case Report
Authors:   Pediatrics, University of Florida, Ascension Sacred Heart, Pensacola, USA, Abdul-Hadi Thaer , Litra Florentina , Ismail Alaa ,   Pediatrics, University of Florida, Ascension Sacred Heart, Pensacola, USA
Published: December 2024

Acute Coronavirus 19 is known to manifest mainly with respiratory symptoms, but cardiac involvement and complications
were also frequently reported, especially in the adult patient population. Such cardiac complications include heart failure,
acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, myocarditis, and pericardial effusion, resulting in tamponade in some cases. We
describe a 7-year-old African American male who developed pericardial effusion five months after an asymptomatic acute
COVID illness proven by positive COVID-19 IgG titers and a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. This patient did not meet the
diagnostic criteria for Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. His treatment course was complicated by recurrent
pericardial fluid accumulation requiring multiple pericardiocentesis and extended courses of Ibuprofen and Colchicine.
On the universality of star formation efficiency in galaxies
Authors: Polzin Ava , Kravtsov Andrey V. , Semenov Vadim A. , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: December 2024

We analyze high-resolution hydrodynamics simulations of an isolated disk dwarf galaxy with an explicit model for unresolved turbulence and turbulence-based star formation prescription. We examine the characteristic values of the star formation efficiency per free-fall time, ϵff, and its variations with local environment properties, such as metallicity, UV flux, and surface density. We show that the star formation efficiency per free-fall time in ≈10 pc star-forming regions of the simulated disks has values in the range ϵff≈0.01−0.1, similar to observational estimates, with no trend with metallicity and only a weak trend with the UV flux. Likewise, estimated using projected patches of 500 pc size does not vary with metallicity and shows only a weak trend with average UV flux and gas surface density. The characteristic values of ϵff≈0.01−0.1 arise naturally in the simulations via the combined effect of dynamical gas compression and ensuing stellar feedback that injects thermal and turbulent energy. The compression and feedback regulate the virial parameter, αvir, in star-forming regions, limiting it to αvir≈3−10. Turbulence plays an important role in the universality of ϵff because turbulent energy and its dissipation are not sensitive to metallicity and UV flux that affect thermal energy. Our results indicate that the universality of observational estimates of ϵff can be plausibly explained by the turbulence-driven and feedback-regulated properties of star-forming regions.
PEMBERDAYAAN REMAJA DENGAN PENERAPAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA MELALUI PEMBIASAAN DI DESA BULAK KECAMATAN JATIBARANG INDRAMAYU
Authors: Taryudi Taryudi , Wardatussa’idah Indah
Published: December 2024

Pada era globalisasi yang semakin berkembang, anak-anak remaja menjadi rentan terhadap pengaruh ideologi luar yang dapat mengancam nilai-nilai Pancasila. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan remaja dengan menerapkan profil pelajar Pancasila melalui pembiasaan di Desa Bulak, Kecamatan Jatibarang, Indramayu, guna menyongsong Indonesia Emas 2045. Analisis situasi menunjukkan adanya degradasi moral dan perilaku menyimpang di kalangan remaja mitra, seperti pencurian, seks bebas, dan minuman keras. Permasalahan ini akan diselesaikan melalui kolaboratif kegiatan penyuluhan, pembentukan perkumpulan olahraga, seni, dan keagamaan. Solusi yang ditawarkan meliputi penyuluhan nilai-nilai Pancasila, pembentukan komunitas olahraga sepak bola, kelompok seni marawis, dan kegiatan pengajian rutin. Jenis luaran yang diharapkan termasuk artikel ilmiah, diseminasi terbatas, dan bahan ajar. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi langkah-langkah konkret seperti pembentukan komunitas, penyelenggaraan kegiatan rutin, dan pengaplikasian nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam setiap aktivitas. Diharapkan pengabdian ini dapat memberikan solusi konkret untuk meningkatkan kesadaran nilai-nilai Pancasila dan mencegah perilaku menyimpang di kalangan remaja. Dengan pondasi yang kuat dibuktikan dengan dimilikinya pendidikan dan ilmu pengetahuan yang cukup serta tertanamnya nilai-nilai Pancasila pada diri mereka, mudah-mudahan anak-anak remaja tersebut kelak akan menjadi generasi yang dapat mewujudkan harapan bangsa yaitu terciptanya kondisi bangsa Indonesia yang aman, tenteram, terkendali, maju, dan dapat menjaga negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Terlebih mereka akan menjadi generasi emas pada tahun 2045. Sehingga perlu pemberdayaan profile pelajar Pancasila dalam pembiasaan hidup sehari-hari.
The COVID-19 pandemic and journalistic ethics: Spanish citizens’ demand for external control of health communication in the media
Authors: Maciá-Barber Carlos
Published: December 2024

The disinformation that threatened media coverage in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a serious threat by the population, which became a crucial ethical challenge for health information. This nationwide study is part of a global research project whose primary objective was to know and delve further into the behavior of citizens in the face of journalistic information related to COVID-19, to determine the channels used by audiences to learn about the pandemic and their personal informative interaction through social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram). The field sample (June 2022) comprised 1,800 online surveys (carried out using the CAWI system) of persons aged 18 years and older residing in the country. Quotas were established by sex, age and Autonomous Community. The sampling error is ±2.34, with a confidence level of 95.5% and p = q = 0.5. The data collected were processed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package. The results confirm a majority belief (values 4 + 5/5) that journalism pursues the truth (59.5%). They also show in adults the predominance of a high confidence in their ability to detect falsehoods, as opposed to the low self-perception confessed by young people. Inversely proportional is the verifying effort of these population groups. There is no homogeneous agreement that discrimination against vulnerable groups (obese people, smokers, the elderly, migrants) was encouraged despite the medium-high caliber of the assessment (3.35/5.00). The most notorious finding was to confirm the majority social demand (values 4 + 5/5 = 72.6%) to implement some external control on the professional collective that guarantees ethical adequacy and quality in the informative coverage of health issues, which suggests a system of journalistic co-regulation.
Attitudes of non-native students towards learning English as a foreign language: a case study in secondary schools in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Alsoudi Sharif , Al Harthy Salim , Al Harthy Azza , Al Harthy Zainah
Published: December 2024

Attitudes are crucial in education, impacting students’ motivation, engagement, and achievement. This study explored Omani high schoolers’ attitudes towards learning English and the differences in their attitudes per their demographics and other variables. The Attitudes Toward English scale was used with 576 students. The findings showed that the students’ attitudes were mildly positive and that significant differences also emerged. Private school and science-track students showed more positive attitudes than government school and humanities students. Supplementary training also improved their attitudes, and parental education levels positively predicted their attitudes. More favorable attitudes strongly correlated with higher English achievement, indicating a need to nurture positive perspectives. The study provided insights into Omani students’ attitudes toward English and showed that fostering positivity might enhance students’ motivation, proficiency, and outcomes. Further research can evaluate interventions for shaping students’ constructive attitudes.
IL-33 and soluble ST2 in follicular fluid are associated with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Tang Maoxing , Sun Xuedong , Li Ping , Deng Weifen , Zhan Xi , Sun Peng , Shi Yuhua
Published: December 2024

Background

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common reproductive disease that is associated with chronic inflammation in ovaries. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a pro-inflammatory IL-1 family cytokine, and functions as an alarmin reflecting inflammatory reaction. Our study aimed to investigate levels of IL-33 and its soluble receptor (sST2) in both follicular fluid (FF) and paired serum during different stages of POI, and evaluate their predictive potentials for POI. Furthermore, we attempted to determine whether IL-33 and sST2 were associated with embryo quality.

Methods

A total of 148 women, including 50 patients with biochemical POI (bPOI) (10 IU/L < follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≤ 25 IU/L), 46 patients with POI (25 IU/L<FSH ≤ 40 IU/L) and 52 age-matched control women with normal ovarian reserve were involved in this study. FF and paired serum were collected from these women. IL-33 and sST2 were measured using quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

FF IL-33 levels were significantly increased in bPOI and POI patients compared to controls. They exhibited positive associations with FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH), whereas negative correlations with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and antral follicle count (AFC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that for POI prediction, FF IL-33 had a better predictive accuracy (AUC 0.901) with high sensitivity (82.61%) and good specificity (84.62%) than those for bPOI prediction. IL-33 levels in paired serum did not differ among three groups. Regarding sST2, its levels in FF declined with POI progression. Contrarily, they showed negative associations with FSH and LH, but positive correlations with AMH, E2, T and AFC. ROC analysis revealed that FF sST2 had comparatively weak potentials for both bPOI and POI prediction compared to those of FF IL-33. Similarly, there was no significant alteration of sST2 in paired serum among three groups. Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that FF IL-33 levels were negatively associated with the rates of Day-3 good-quality embryos (r=-0.206, P=0.012), whereas FF sST2 did not.

Conclusion

Our study revealed an increased abundance of FF IL-33, whereas an sST2 deficiency with POI development. This implies that IL-33 and sST2 levels might be associated with the development of POI.
Burden of thyroid cancer in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021: observation, comparison, and forecast from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Meng Ziang , Pan Ti , Yu Jingjing , Shi Chao , Liu Xuxu , Xue Dongbo , Wang Jing , Ma Biao
Published: December 2024

Background

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in China. Current research primarily focuses on clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as underlying mechanisms, lacking epidemiological studies on the burden of the disease in China and worldwide.

Methods

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was utilized to assess the incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years of TC in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using the Joinpoint and R software.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence rates of TC in China have been consistently rising, and their growth rates are far higher than the global average. In China, TC usually occurs in patients aged 50-59, and the crude death rate generally increases with age. The burden of death among females has gradually declined, while that among males has continued to increase and surpassed females at the beginning of the 21st century. The burden of TC is heavy among middle-aged and elderly populations and the younger populations is also rapidly rising. The increased number of TC is mainly attributed to epidemiological changes, while the increase of deaths in China is primarily due to aging and population. Additionally, we predict that the age-standardized incidence rate of TC in China will continue to grow slowly over the next decade, while the age-standardized death rate will gradually decline among females and stabilize among males.

Conclusion

It is imperative to avoid over-screening and over-treatments for TC. Meanwhile, we should also avoid missing aggressive types of TC that may have an impact on overall survival. Additionally, understanding the mechanisms of metastasis and improving clinical treatments should be prioritized for further investigation. TC remains a significant public health challenge in China, necessitating a careful balance of the cost-benefit ratio.
Muramyl dipeptide potentiates Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid-induced nitric oxide production via TLR2/NOD2/PAFR signaling pathways
Authors: Im Jintaek , Jeon Jun Ho , Lee Dongwook , Park Jeong Woo , Jun Woohyung , Lim Suwon , Park Ok-Jin , Yun Cheol-Heui , Han Seung Hyun
Published: December 2024

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) are considered as key virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, which is a representative sepsis-causing Gram-positive pathogen. However, cooperative effect of S. aureus LTA and PGN on nitric oxide (NO) production is still unclear despite the pivotal roles of NO in initiation and progression of sepsis. We here evaluated the cooperative effects of S. aureus LTA (SaLTA) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal structure of PGN, on NO production in both a mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7 and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Although MDP alone did not affect NO production, MDP potently enhanced SaLTA-induced NO production via the expression of inducible NO synthases. The enhanced NO production was ameliorated in BMMs from TLR2-, CD14-, MyD88-, and NOD2-deficient mice. Moreover, the augmented SaLTA-induced NO production by MDP was attenuated by inhibitors specific for PAFR and MAP kinases. Furthermore, MDP also potently increased SaLTA-induced activities of STAT1, NF-κB, and AP-1 transcription factors, and specific inhibitors for these transcription factors suppressed the elevated NO production. Collectively, these results demonstrated that MDP potentiates SaLTA-induced NO production via TLR2/NOD2/PAFR, MAP kinases signaling axis, resulting in the activation of NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT1 transcription factors.
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and ferroptosis: a review of pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Ma Chao , Li Haoyu , Lu Shuwen , Li Xian
Published: December 2024

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an inflammatory orbital disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Owing to the ambiguous nature of the pathogenesis, contemporary pharmacological treatment strategies predominantly involve the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. However, the adverse effects associated with these agents in clinical practice necessitate further investigation into the disease’s pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic targets and pharmacological interventions. Recent studies suggest that ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, may play a role in TAO pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the involvement of ferroptosis in TAO and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. Key topics include the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology of TAO, along with the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis. Evidence supporting ferroptosis in TAO and the therapeutic implications of targeting this pathway are also discussed, alongside challenges and future directions in this emerging research area.
The impact of glucose metabolism on inflammatory processes in sepsis-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Cheng Shilei , Li Yufei , Sun Xiaoliang , Liu Zhirui , Guo Liang , Wu Jueheng , Yang Xiaohan , Wei Sisi , Wu Guanghan , Xu Shilong , Yang Fan , Wu Jianbo
Published: December 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and critical complication of sepsis, marked by high incidence and mortality rates, with its pathogenesis still not being fully elucidated. Recent research has revealed a significant correlation between the metabolic reprogramming of glucose and sepsis-associated ALI (S-ALI). Throughout the course of S-ALI, immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, undergo metabolic shifts to accommodate the intricate demands of immune function that emerge as sepsis advances. Indeed, glucose metabolic reprogramming in S-ALI serves as a double-edged sword, fueling inflammatory immune responses in the initial stages and subsequently initiating anti-inflammatory responses as the disease evolves. In this review, we delineate the current research progress concerning the pathogenic mechanisms linked to glucose metabolic reprogramming in S-ALI, with a focus on the pertinent immune cells implicated. We encapsulate the impact of glucose metabolic reprogramming on the onset, progression, and prognosis of S-ALI. Ultimately, by examining key regulatory factors within metabolic intermediates and enzymes, We have identified potential therapeutic targets linked to metabolic reprogramming, striving to tackle the inherent challenges in diagnosing and treating Severe Acute Lung Injury (S-ALI) with greater efficacy.
Radioimmunotherapy: a game-changer for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xue Huichan , Chen Yunshang , Zhou Yun
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with conventional treatments offering limited effectiveness in advanced stages, due to distant metastases and treatment resistance. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown promise, but their efficacy as standalone therapies are often insufficient. This has led to increased interest in combining ICIs with radiotherapy, known as radioimmunotherapy (iRT), to enhance treatment outcomes. This review explores the mechanisms that underlie the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy can induce the “abscopal effect”, eliciting systemic immune responses that reduce tumor burdens outside the treated area. It also increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) on tumor cells, improving immune recognition. Furthermore, radiotherapy can modify the tumor microenvironment by inducing metabolic reprogramming to bolster anti-tumor immunity. We discuss strategies for optimizing iRT, including considerations of radiation doses, fractionation schedules, and treatment site selection, which significantly influence immune responses by enhancing MHC-I expression or promoting T-cell infiltration. Clinical evidence supports the efficacy of iRT in NSCLC and other cancers, though challenges in standardizing treatment protocols and managing side effects persist. Overall, radioimmunotherapy presents a promising approach to improving NSCLC treatment outcomes. Ongoing research into its mechanisms and the refinement of treatment may reshape clinical practice, offering more effective and personalized options for patients with advanced lung cancer. Further studies are essential to validate these findings and optimize therapeutic protocols.
Comparing needle types and aspiration techniques in EUS-TA to optimize diagnostic efficacy and specimen quality in patients with pancreatic lesions
Authors: Shang Rumin , Han Xiangming , He Fangwei , Huang Lihua , Zeng Cui , Chen Kun , Lv Fei , Ding Xiangwu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs), we compared the diagnostic efficacy of a 19G fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needle and a 22G ProCore fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needle, We also compared the specimen quality between the standard suction (SS) technique and heparinized wet-suction (HWS) technique.

Methods

All cases of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) by 19G FNA or 22G FNB for SPLs in a single-centre hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnostic yield was compared between the 19G and 22G groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify optimal factors for a correct histological diagnosis. We also examined tissue integrity, the length of the tissue cores, and the rate of blood cell contamination between the SS and HWS groups.

Results

One hundred seventy-one and sixty-three patients were included in the comparisons of needle types and suction techniques, respectively. The 19G group had higher histological diagnosis rates compared to the 22G group for the first pass (87.8% vs. 70.4%, p = 0.005), the second pass (82.2% vs. 65.4%, p = 0.012), the first two passes (90.0% vs. 72.8%, p = 0.004), and the final diagnosis (91.1% vs. 79%, p = 0.025). Through macroscopic on-site evaluation, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the 22G group required a third needle pass compared to the 19G group (88.9% vs. 67.8%, p = 0.002). The total procedure time was shorter in the 19G group than in the 22G group (p < 0.001). The HWS group showed superiority over the SS group in terms of the total length of tissue cores (p < 0.001) and the total length of white tissue cores (p = 0.005). The HWS group, compared to the SS group, can enhance the tissue integrity (p = 0.024) and reduce blood cell contamination (p = 0.040) during the first needle pass. There was no significant difference in complication rates between the needle puncture groups (p = 0.770) or the aspiration technique groups (p = 0.654).

Conclusion

Compared to the 22G FNB needle, endoscopists should consider using the 19G FNA needle when appropriate. Furthermore, the use of the HWS technique for the first pass is recommended to improve specimen quality.
Perspectives of traditional herbal medicines in treating retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Liu Shihui , Matsuo Toshihiko , Matsuo Chie , Abe Takumi , Chen Jinghua , Sun Chi , Zhao Qing
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants, also known as herbs, have been discovered and utilized in traditional medical practice since prehistoric times. Medicinal plants have been proven rich in thousands of natural products that hold great potential for the development of new drugs. Previously, we reviewed the types of Chinese traditional medicines that a Tang Dynasty monk Jianzhen (Japanese: Ganjin) brought to Japan from China in 742. This article aims to review the origin of Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine), and to present the overview of neurodegenerative diseases and retinitis pigmentosa as well as medicinal plants in some depth. Through the study of medical history of the origin of Kampo, we found that herbs medicines contain many neuroprotective ingredients. It provides us a new perspective on extracting neuroprotective components from herbs medicines to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Retinitis pigmentosa (one of the ophthalmic neurodegenerative diseases) is an incurable blinding disease and has become a popular research direction in global ophthalmology. To date, treatments for retinitis pigmentosa are very limited worldwide. Therefore, we intend to integrate the knowledge and skills from different disciplines, such as medical science, pharmaceutical science and plant science, to take a new therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the future, we will use specific active ingredients extracted from medicinal plants to treat retinitis pigmentosa. By exploring the potent bioactive ingredients present in medicinal plants, a valuable opportunity will be offered to uncover novel approaches for the development of drugs which target for retinitis pigmentosa.
Clinical characteristics and quality care indicators of pediatric stroke in a referral center of Colombia: eleven-year experience (pediastroke)
Authors: Valencia-Cifuentes Valeria , Llanos-Leyton Natalia , Gómez-Ayala Maria Camila , Ariza-Insignares Camila , Rivillas Julian Alejandro , Granados-Sánchez Ana María , Márquez Juan Camilo , Galvis-Blanco Laura , Cruz-Zamorano Santiago , Gómez-Castro Juan Fernando , Lasso Rubén Eduardo , Rámirez-Muñoz Luis Miguel , Castro-Varela Juan Manuel , Benavides-Llano Paula Andrea , Amaya Pablo
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to describe clinical variables and quality care indicators in pediatric stroke management at a high-complexity pediatric care center in Latin America.

Methods

Retrospective study of patients with stroke, aged 2–18 years from 2011 to 2021. The principal outcomes were the mRs and mortality. Differences between groups were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test. We used logistic regression to explore the association between characteristics reported as relevant in literature and mortality.

Results

One hundred thirty six patients included, with a median age of 11 years, 54% were male. 47% were hemorrhagic strokes, followed by ischemic strokes at 39%. One-third of the cases presented in hospital. 51% of the patients had no prior medical history. The most common symptoms were altered consciousness, headache, and hemiparesis. The median door-to-image time was 123 min. The most frequent etiologies in ischemic stroke were arteriopathies and cardiac pathology, while vascular malformation and coagulopathies were predominant in hemorrhagic stroke. No patient received reperfusion therapy. At discharge, 48% of patients had a favorable mRs. The mortality rate was 21%. Patients with in-hospital stroke have approximately 7.37 times the odds of dying compared to those with out-of-hospital stroke. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke have approximately 7.46 times the odds of dying compared to those with ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

Significant gaps exist in the epidemiology and quality indicators of pediatric stroke care compared to adult protocols. Implementing a “Pediatric code stroke” protocol and conducting prospective studies are crucial for improving pediatric stroke care and outcomes.
Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder associated with a mutation in SCN9A gene – Case report and own experiences
Authors: Szczupak Mateusz , Wierzchowska Jolanta , Cimoszko-Zauliczna Maria , Kobak Jacek , Kosydar-Bochenek Justyna , Radys Wojciech , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka , Religa Dorota , Krupa-Nurcek Sabina
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, influenced by various factors. Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by sudden bouts of pain accompanied by autonomic symptoms.

Material, methods and aim

This manuscript presents the case of a 9-year-old boy with paroxysmal extreme pain syndrome and provides a review of the literature. Additionally, a genealogical analysis of the boy’s family was conducted to determine the total number of affected family members. The clinical data included an analysis of genetic tests to identify the mutation confirming PEPD.

Result and conclusion

A mutation in the SCN9A gene causes the disease, and due to the small number of patients worldwide (around 500, according to literature reports), an effective method of preventing extreme pain attacks had not been established at the time of writing this manuscript. Based on information from scientific sources and the authors’ experiences, it can be firmly stated that various, often difficult-to-identify factors cause paroxysmal extreme pain. This syndrome necessitates further research and the exploration of effective treatment methods.
Is diagnostics of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo with a mechanical rotation chair superior to traditional manual diagnostics? A randomized controlled crossover study
Authors: Hentze Malene , Hougaard Dan Dupont , Kingma Herman
Published: December 2024

Background

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. While various techniques and technologies have improved BPPV diagnostics and treatment, optimizing BPPV healthcare pathways requires a comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic modalities across diverse clinical settings.

Objective

To compare traditional manual BPPV diagnostics (MD) with diagnostics done with the aid of a mechanical rotation chair (MRC) when using videonystagmography goggles with both modalities.

Methods

This prospective, open-label, randomized diagnostic crossover study involved 215 adults with typical BPPV symptoms at a tertiary University Hospital-based outpatient clinic (Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark). Participants referred by general practitioners or otorhinolaryngologist clinics underwent both traditional manual and MRC diagnostics with the aid of videonystagmography goggles. The order of the diagnostic modalities was randomly assigned, and the two modalities were separated by a minimum of 30 min. The primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of traditional MD compared to MRC diagnostics. The secondary outcome was the agreement between the two modalities.

Results

The MRC demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity for BPPV detection in general for all participants (p = 0.00). Compared to MRC diagnostics, traditional MD displayed a sensitivity of 69.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 59.8–78.1), specificity of 90.9% (95% CI: 83.9–95.6), PPV of 88.0% (95% CI: 83.9–95.6), and NPV of 75.8% (95% CI: 67.5–82.8). The overall inter-modality agreement was 80.5% (95% CI: 75.2–85.8, Cohen’s kappa 0.61). While both modalities detected unilateral posterior canal BPPV equally good (p = 0.51), traditional MD underperformed for non-posterior BPPV (significantly) and in subgroups referred by ENTs (trend) or with impaired cooperation during traditional MD (significantly).

Conclusion

Traditional manual BPPV diagnostics remains a valuable first-line approach for most patients. However, MRC diagnostics offers advantages for complex BPPV cases, patients with impaired cooperation, patients referred from otorhinolaryngologist clinics, and those with negative traditional MD but an evident BPPV history. MRC may be useful as a second opinion diagnostic tool for treatment-resistant BPPV.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05846711.
Brain spatial reconciliation through multisensory integration in the impact of pandemic fatigue on workplace
Authors: Arinta Rizka Tri , Satwiko Prasasto , Widjaja Robert Rianto , Kusrohmaniah Sri
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the prevalence of fatigue, reduced interpersonal interaction, and heightened stress in work environments. The intersection of neuroscience and architecture underscores how intricate spatial perceptions are shaped by multisensory stimuli, profoundly influencing workers’ wellbeing. In this study, EEG and VR technologies, specifically the Emotiv Epoc X, were employed to gather data on perception and cognition. Through the analysis of statistical data, independent component analysis (ICA), and perception metrics, the research explored the brain’s responses to various sensory stimuli encountered in the workplace. This research aims to examine how individuals adapt to work environments that expose them to multiple sensory stimuli, by observing brain activity and perception processing. The findings indicate that integrating multisensory stimuli, such as light, sound, and smell, can significantly enhance employees’ performance and perception of their workspaces. The Bayesian brain mechanism, which prioritizes key sensorimotor inputs, plays a critical role in continuously adjusting the brain’s perception of sensory information. This mechanism operates through sensory weighting, wherein the brain assigns greater importance to the most relevant sensory inputs, depending on the specific demands of the work environment. For instance, visual elements, such as lighting and color schemes, along with olfactory stimuli in high-density environments, are instrumental in shaping workers’ perceptions of the spatial dimensions, ambiance, and emotional responses within the workplace. This underscores the potential of multisensory integration as a form of reconciliation between architecture and the cognitive demands of office spaces.
Cognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease: latest developments and future directions
Authors: Wang Xilong , Liu Ziqi , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhang Junze , Wang Yanru , He Shihao , Wang Rong
Published: December 2024

Cognitive dysfunction is common in Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, current knowledge of cognitive impairment in MMD is inadequate. In this review, we explored the characteristics of altered cognitive function associated with MMD and offered recommendations aimed at guiding potential research endeavors into the cognitive dysfunction in MMD. Cognitive functions, including executive function, intelligence, memory and so on, show characteristic declines in MMD. The effects of cerebral revascularization surgery on cognitive impairment are controversial. Currently, there is still a lack of relevant research on cognitive impairment. Research on the pathogenesis and etiology associated with Moyamoya disease as well as long-term cohort studies, are important future directions.
Risk factors and simple scoring system for predicting postoperative nutritional status of Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Die Xiaohong , Feng Wei , Song Aohua , Liu Wei , Wang Yi , Guo Zhenhua , He Dawei
Published: December 2024

Background

Nutritional problem after surgery for Hirschprung’s disease (HSCR) was not optimistic. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative undernutrition for patients with HSCR and establish a scoring system for predicting postoperative undernutrition.

Methods

Retrospective review of 341 patients with HSCR who received Laparoscopic-assisted pull-through surgery in a tertiary-level pediatric hospital was conducted with assessments of clinical data. Univariate/multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors of postoperative undernutrition, and establish a scoring system for predicting postoperative nutritional status based on the sum of adjusted odds ratios (ORs).

Results

The postoperative undernutrition of 341 patients with HSCR was 29.9%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-breast feeding (mixed: OR = 6.116, artificial: OR = 12.00), preoperative undernutrition (risk of malnutrition: OR = 7.951, malnutrition: OR = 8.985), non-parental caregivers (OR = 3.164), long-segment HSCR (OR = 12.820), postoperative complications within 30 days (grade 1 ~ 2: OR = 2.924, Grade 3 ~ 4: OR = 6.249), and surgery for other systemic malformation (OR = 5.503) were risk factors for postoperative undernutrition (all p < 0.05), and scoring system was developed based on these determinants. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the derivation sample was 0.887 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.839–0.934) and that of the validation sample was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.772 ~ 0.920) with the optimal cut-off value of 12; calibration curves of the derivation sample showed considerable predictive performance for postoperative undernutrition.

Conclusion

Risk factors identified affecting postoperative undernutrition should be taken seriously in patients with HSCR. We successfully developed a desirable scoring system to predict postoperative nutritional status, which might be helpful for clinical practice.
Factors influencing concurrent wasting, stunting, and underweight among children under five who suffered from severe acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Dassie Godana Arero , Chala Fantaye Tesfaye , Charkos Tesfaye Getachew , Sento Erba Midhakso , Balcha Tolosa Fufa
Published: December 2024

Background

Wasting, stunting, and underweight in children are complex health challenges shaped by a combination of immediate, underlying, and systemic factors. Even though copious data demonstrates that the causation routes for stunting and wasting are similar, little is known about the correlations between the diseases in low- and middle-income nations.

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the factors that concurrently affect wasting, stunting, and underweight in <5-year-olds with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

Method

This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched every electronic database that was available, from the medRxiv pre-print site, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Scopus, in addition to the Science Direct search engine. We considered research conducted in low- and middle-income nations on <5-year-olds with SAM. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.

Results

After screening and selecting 12 eligible studies, 1,434,207 records were included for analysis. The prevalence of factors influencing concurrent wasting, stunting, and being underweight was 26.42% in low-middle -income countries (LMI). The prevalence was higher in men, with wasting, stunting, and underweight at 14.2, 4.1, and 27.6%, respectively. Unprotected drinking water was associated with stunting [odds ratio = 0.68; 95CI (0.50, 0.92)]. Being male is another factor (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.68). Lack of prenatal care follow-up was associated with a lower risk of wasting (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.64), while low birth weight (<2.5 kg), diarrhea, having a younger child, and being from a poor household were associated with wasting, stunting, and underweight. Other factors included body mass index (BMI) for age aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: (0.07, 0.895); maternal education: stunting [aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: (0.09, 0.89)], underweight [aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: (0.01, 0.73)], and open defecation, stunting [aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.32)], underweight [aOR = 1.92, 95% CI: (0.042, 0.257)]). Likelihood of being underweight increased with birth order (second born, aOR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.09–3.36; third born, aOR = 6.77, 95% CI 2.00–22.82).

Conclusion

Inadequate dietary intake, illness, food insecurity, poor maternal and child care, poor hygiene and sanitation, and healthcare inaccessibility contribute to SAM.
Dietary antioxidant index and hypertension in the Iranian population: a nested case–control study within the Fasa adults cohort study
Authors: Firooznia Mohammad amin , Rahimlou Mehran , Sekhavati Eghbal , Motazedian Mohammadreza , Tabrizi Reza
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition associated with numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiac complications. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments, offer promising avenues for hypertension management. However, the precise relationship between dietary antioxidants and hypertension risk necessitates further investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and hypertension risk using a nested case–control design.

Method

A matched nested case–control study was conducted within the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS), comprising 975 participants aged 35–70 years. Cases (n = 325) were hypertensive patients, while controls (n = 650) were individuals without hypertension, matched for sex and age. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DAI was computed based on standardized intake of antioxidants. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between DAI and hypertension risk, adjusting for confounding variables.

Results

A significant inverse correlation was observed between DAI and hypertension risk across all models (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86–0.93, p < 0.001). This association remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders, including BMI, smoking, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and educational status. In conclusion, higher DAI values were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, highlighting the potential benefits of antioxidant-rich diets in hypertension prevention.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions as a complementary approach to hypertension management.
A higher global diet quality score is associated with lower risk of obesity among male university students in Lebanon: a pilot study
Authors: Mourad Najwa , Kharroubi Samer , Nasreddine Lara , Hwalla Nahla
Published: December 2024

Objective

This pilot study aims to assess the diet quality amongst Lebanese male university students using the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), identify its association with obesity, and determine the key drivers of consumption of foods associated with higher NCDs risk.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling approach, comprising 385 male students aged between 18 and 24 years at the American University of Beirut. Dietary data was collected using 24-h recall, where participants detailed all foods and beverages consumed in the past 24 h, including portion sizes. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle factors and drivers of food consumption data were also collected. GDQS scores were categorized as high (≥23), moderate (15–23), or low (< 15) indicating low, moderate and high NCD risk, respectively. A multiple logistic regression was applied to assess association of GDQS with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.

Results

The results showed that the majority of male university students had low (47%) or moderate (47%) GDQS scores, with only a small proportion (4%) showing high scores. Foods contributing to low GDQS scores were determined, with taste emerging as the primary factor influencing food group consumption. Additionally, individuals in health-related majors and higher academic year of study had higher GDQS scores, and those with higher GDQS scores had a lower risk of obesity. The study findings suggest that a high proportion of the study sample are at a higher risk of NCDs given their dietary quality, demonstrated an association between low GDQS scores and obesity risk, and identified education as a predictor of diet quality.

Conclusion

This study calls for larger studies assessing dietary habits and quality amongst Lebanese university students to provide context-specific evidence for the development of targeted interventions aimed at the promotion of healthier eating habits in this population group and curbing the NCDs epidemic in the country.