bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and Perception of Single and Double Consonant Letters in English Words by Korean Learners of English
Authors: Cho Mi-Hui
Published: August 2022

This study investigates how Korean students produce and perceive single and double consonant letters in English words. To this end, twenty-eight Korean learners of English participated in the production and perception tests of English consonants /p, b, s, d, k, g/ with single and double letters. The participants were first asked to produce English words with the target consonants spelled with a single or a double letter. Then, the same participants were asked to choose the same words they heard among the two productions of each native American English speaker’ production: the original production and artificially lengthened production of the target consonant sound. The percentages of the correct production and perception for the target consonant sounds with single consonant letters and double consonant letters were calculated to compare the accuracy of single and double letters. The study results demonstrate three factors influencing the production and perception of English single and double consonant letters. First, the Korean participants’ performance of the double letters was significantly worse than the performance of the single letters for both perception and production. This clearly shows that orthographic forms affect the learners’ production and perception of English words. Second, modality effect was attested such that the participants’ perception of the English single and double letters was significantly worse than the production of the same targets. Third, the participants showed worse performance for the voiceless targets than for the voiced targets both in perception and production, thus showing voicing effect. Further, the participants’ production of the voiceless targets was significantly worse than the production of the voiced targets. Finally, pedagogical suggestions were provided.
Presidensi G20 sebagai Sarana Marketing dan Branding Pariwisata Indonesia serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Peningkatan Kunjungan Wisatawan pada Era Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus di Hotel Melia Bali)
Authors: Santi Putu Nia Purnama , Ardani Wayan , Putri Ida Ayu Sasmitha
Published: August 2022

Presidensi G20 merupakan  wewenang dalam memimpin sebuah forum G20 yang beranggotakan 19 Negara dan 1 Uni Eropa dimana forum ini dibuat demi menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh anggota negara yang bergabung di G20 baik dari segi ekonomi, politik maupun kemajuan negara anggota G20. Dan untuk periode yang pertemuan G20 tahun ini Indonesia resmi untuk mengetuai salah satu forum tersebut dalam periode 1 tahun, hal ini menjadikan kesempatan dalam memperkenalkan Indonesia dan juga mengangkat nama Indonesia di mata dunia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh dari Presidensi G20 sebagai sarana Marketing dan Branding Pariwisata Indonesia serta pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan Kunjungan wisatawan pada era pandemi covid-19 dalam studi kasus di Hotel Melia Bali. Untuk yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang pernah berkunjung maupun menginap di Hotel Melia Bali, dengan sample yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling yang diambil berdasarkan rumus Rao Purba adalah 100 responden. Metode yang digunakan dalam pencarian data adalah observasi dan penyebaran kuisioner dengan teknik pengolahan data atau analisis yang digunakan adalah PLS (Partial Least Square). Dengan hasil yang didapatkan bahwa Presidensi G20 sebagai saran Marketing dan Branding Pariwisata Indonesia serta pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan Kunjungan wisatawan pada era pandemi covid-19 di Hotel Melia Bali adalah positif dan signifikan. Hal ini menunjukan Presidensi G20 dapat dijadikan sebuah peluang untuk mempromosikan dan juga mengangkat citra pariwisata yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan. Pihak manajemen dari Hotel Melia Bali dapat memaksimalkan dalam promosi dalam upaya meningkatkan hunian maupun kunjungan Hotel Melia Bali dengan adanya pertemuan dari G20 tersebut.
Examining the Impact of Regulation on Equity Multi-Cap Funds in India
Authors: Dr. Samyabrata Das
Published: August 2022

Economic growth is facilitated by a sound financial system. “Mutual funds are one of the main sources of capital flows to emerging economies”. “The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the highly powerful capital market regulator in the country and it regulates mutual funds”. The regulatory mechanism for mutual funds is quite strong in India. 11th September 2020 is a significant day for equity multi-cap funds in India. SEBI came out with a circular on that day for equity multi-cap funds. The present study endeavours to critically assess the impact of that circular on equity multi-cap funds. The study is exploratory and uses secondary data. The number of equity multi-cap funds reduced drastically after the regulatory circular. Nevertheless, one notable thing is that many fund houses launched schemes under the category of equity multi-cap funds even after this circular. The results reveal that the AUM of the two big funds (Nippon India Multi-Cap Fund and ICICI Pru Multi-cap Fund) has increased and the expense ratio has decreased in February 2022 in comparison to December 2020. The returns generated by these funds were spectacular also. As such, the impact of the circular should not be treated as a negative one for equity multi-cap funds.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Reward and Recognition Systems Followed in Selected Garments Industries in Tirupur
Authors: Rajeswari .R  , Dr. A.Balamurugan
Published: August 2022

Even though people work for salary or wages (rewards), there are numerous ways of rewarding (motivating) employees according to the task or function performed. The underlying principle for the use of rewards is to motivate or induce behaviours among employees which are viewed as beneficial for enhanced performance whilst inhibiting other behaviours which employers and managers perceive as detrimental to organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Thus, rewards serve as a means of motivating desired behaviors. Incentives, rewards and recognitions are the prime factors that impact on employee motivation. Many researchers opined  that, employees who are well motivated serve as the competitive advantage for any company because their performance leads an organization to accomplishment of its goals. Among financial, economic and human resources. human resources are the most vital that can provide a company’s competitive edge as compared to others. The main aim of the study is to examine the impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation. The present study assess the Factors influencing  reward and recognition systems followed in selected garments industries in Tirupur.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Yang Berprofesi Sebagai Guru Paud Terhadap Perkembangan Emosi Anak
Authors: Melia Chika
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola asuh orang tua yang berprofesi sebagai guru PAUD di sekecamatan Pameungpeuk, untuk mengetahui perkembangan emosi anak PAUD yang orang tuanya berprofesi sebagai guru PAUD. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa  angket. Lalu hasil dari isian angket tersebut diolah dengan menganalisis menggunakan teknik analisis rank Spearman yaitu untuk mencari korelasi dari pola asuh orang tua yang berprofesi sebagai guru PAUD terhadap perkembangan emosi anak. Kesimpulan yang penulis ambil ialah bahwa pola asuh demokratis lebih dipilih oleh orang tua dengan nilai 3,49 dibanding pola asuh permisif  dengan nilai 1,83. Perkembangan emosi anak pun berada pada nilai 3,63 dengan indikator hubungan antar pribadi sedangkan indikator sikap asertif dan aktualisasi diri terdapat pada interval 1,84 – 2,67 yang berarti kedua indikator tersebut dinilai rendah. Maka 85% perkembangan emosi anak dipengaruhi oleh pekerjaan orang tuanya yaitu sebagai guru PAUD.
Studi Komparatif Kisah Maryam Dalam Al – Qur’an Dan Injil
Authors: Nur Latifah Fitri
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti alur, dialog, tokoh dalam kitab suci secara interteks dengan membahas kisah Maryam dalam QS. Imran, Maryam, at-Tahrim, Injil Matius dan Lukas. Salah satu kisah dalam Al-Qur’an yaitu Maryam yang merupakan perempuan yang namanya diabadikan dalam Al-Qur’an dan disebutkan sebayak 34 kali penyebutan serta merupakan panutan bagi perempuan Islam di seluruh dunia hingga kini. Penilitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif content analysis. Adapun dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan (library research). Dalam pembahasan kisah Maryam dalam Al-Qur’an dimulai ketika Hannah istri Imran ingin memiliki keturunan kemudian ketika Maryam diberikan suatu Mukjizat oleh Allah dari hubungan yang bukanlah hasil dari suami istri. Sedangkan dalam Alkitab Maryam disebutkan bernama Maria seorang perawan yang mengandung Roh Kudus. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kisah Maryam terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dari kedua kitab suci. Penulis mencoba mengambil fragmen Maryam dalam QS. Imran,Maryam, dan At-Tahrim serta fragmen Injil Lukas dan Matius.
Penggunaan Media Buletin Adz-Dzikro Dalam Meningkatkan Kegiatan Dakwah di PC Persistri Katapang
Authors: Suhendrayani Utin
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan penggunaan media bulletin untuk meningkatkan kegiatan dakwah di PC Persistri Katapang, untuk menyusun perencanaan penggunaan media bulletin Adz-Dzikro dalam meningkaatkan kegiatan dakwah di Pc Persistri Katapang. Supaya pesan-pesan dakwah tersampaikan kepada mad’u maka perlu diusahakan cara-cara yang tepat baik dalam metode atau media yang akan digunakan untuk berdakawah. Dimana untuk mencapi tujuan tersebut harus mempertimbangkan media komunikasi dan juga kondisi pandemi covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasi melalui wawancara  dan dokumentasi dengan pihak terkait mengenai masalah yang sedang diteliti serta melakukan pengamatan terhadap cara yang diterapkan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan dakwah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dapat diperoleh data bahwa penggunaan media komunikasi buletin Adz-Dzikro dapat meningkatkan kegiatan dakwah di PC Persistri Katapang. Meskipun ada Sebagian responden mengatakan bahwa pengajian rutin tatap muka lebih efektif daripada media komunikasi buletin. Diharapakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya untuk bisa lebih mengembangkan media komunikasi dakwah untuk meningkatkan kegiatan dakwah di PC Persistri Katapang
A study on The attitude of studying and the Yeomjeol spirit of Hyuam Baek In-geol
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Yang Hoon-shik
Published: August 2022

This paper was divided into the attitude of Park Mun-yak-rye’s Geunhak, Jik-do, and practice of integrity incision to find out where Hyuam Baek In-geol (1497-1579) originated from the spirit of Dohak and Jeoleui. This was a vein of Dohak leading to Jeongam Jo Gwang-jo, Hyuam Baek In-geol, and Mukam Seong-hon, reflecting the attitude of as a Sa and a Daebu.
Baek In-geol was a Dohakja who expressed the spirit of Jikdo based on his Geunhak and Yeomjeol. Jikdo refers to “straight do,” which is an unchanging posture. In order to practice this, it was based on an internally clean life and upright incision and could be expressed externally in a direct attitude. This was the pursuit of harmony through which In turned out to be loyal. Therefore, it can be said that his Dohak and the spirit of Jeoleui were embodied in poetry by learning the Dohak of Jo Gwang-jo and studying through Park Mun Yak-rye, and the Yemjeol of integrity incision was harmonized.
It was not easy to examine Baek In-geol's spirit of Dohak and Jeoleui in poetry and sentences. This is because the number of his poems is small, so it is insufficient to examine the whole story. However, this paper is significant in that it revealed that Baek In-geol was a person who promoted the bridge role and Dohak poetry of the Dohakja vein that conveys the spirit of Dohak and Jeoleui inherited from his teacher Jeongam Jo Gwang-jo, and his Jikdo spirit as Mukam Seong-hon.
New nanotechnology approaches for treatment and palliative care of cancer
Authors: Mishra Ayushmita , Shukla Kajal , Sagar Gagan
Published: August 2022

Cancer is one of the major reasons which leads to worldwide mortality and this proportion is increasing day by day, hence advanced better treatments are required to develop. Nanotechnology, or the science of the very small, has immense potential in healthcare, from more effective drug delivery to more rapid and sensitive illness diagnosis. Traditional cancer treatments run the risk of harming healthy tissues while attempting to destroy malignant cells. By controlling medications to selectively target tumor cells, nanotechnology ameliorate chemotherapy and decreases its side effects. The US Food and Drug Administration has already approved the first generation of cancer treatments delivered by nanoparticles (FDA). The application of nanotechnology to cancer detection and medicine delivery has received a lot of attention. It can detect the chemical which relates to cancer quickly and sensitively, allowing scientists to detect molecular changes in a small fraction of cells. Nanotechnology has the potential or we can say it has an innovative approach to develop effective medicinal treatments. Cancer detection, treatment, drug administration, imaging and diagnostic techniques, and immunotherapy will all be discussed in this review paper.
Implementation of nanotechnology in healthcare: immense challenges and opportunities
Authors: Mishra Ayush Chandra , Chaubey Ratnesh , Srivastava Shobhit Prakash
Published: August 2022

Healthcare, being a fundamental human right, has frequently been the focus of technological innovation. Technological advancements have aided in the delivery of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and cheap healthcare. A new generation of nanostructures has emerged as a result of advances in nanoscience. Each one has its own set of characteristics that account for its amazing applicability. Nanotechnology has had a continual impact on healthcare since its birth and has had a significant impact on its evolution, contributing to better outcomes. Nanotechnology's application in healthcare is pushing the life sciences sector to new heights. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve many parts of medical care, including diagnostics, disease monitoring, surgical equipment, regenerative medicine, vaccine development, and medication delivery, thanks to its capacity to alter matter at the atomic level. Advanced research tools that can be used for drug discovery are also opening doors to better treatment options for various diseases. Nanotechnology has made strides toward omnipresence over the previous two decades, and this trend has been hastened by substantial studies in several healthcare industries. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology and its associated nanocarriers/nanosystems to medicine, a field that has yielded several improvements in illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In comparison to traditional nanosystems, some nanosystems have been discovered to be better prospects for theragnostic applications. This review paper will discuss medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limits in fields like gene therapy, targeted medication delivery, and cancer and genetic disease treatment.
Review on nanogel/emulgel formulations of traditional medicines
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Gupta Janhavi , Anand Anubhav , Ojha Smriti
Published: August 2022

Nanotechnology is being ventured into as an emerging trend eliciting improvements in nearly all technological fields, and the pharmaceutical sector is no exception to this. It has been used for many years for synthetic drugs. But nowadays, the focus is on traditional medicines. This work is focused on the nanogel and nanoemulgel formulations of traditional medication and holds strong relevance in the emerging era of nanomedicine. Herbal medicines are making a resurgence in the twenty-first century, as the dangers and limitations of modern medicine become increasingly evident, and herbal remedies are considered a balanced and reasonable approach to treatment. Advances in analysis and clinical research demonstrate the efficacy of herbal drugs in disease prevention and treatment. The main issue with herbal remedies is their inability to dissolve and stabilize. New technical breakthroughs have the potential to eliminate the problems connected with herbal therapy.Nanoformulations reflect the interface between new technology and herboceuticals. Thus nanosized novel drug delivery system of herbal drugs has a potential future due to their high drug encapsulation capacity, homogeneity, low toxicity, and improved stability.
PENGUNGKAPAN PERISTIWA SETELAH PERIODE PELAPORAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sintawati Diana , Meydiana Dita , Paramitha Nahda , Yahfis Wulandari , Putri Afifa Rizky
Published: August 2022

The emergence of Covid-19 in Indonesia in 2020 affected the economic conditions of the country and companies from various sectors. This pandemic event could have a material impact on the company's financial statements in 2020 that require adjustments. This study aims to analyze the account of events after the reporting period during the pandemic in the telecommunications sector company in 2020. The research method used is a literature study with the data obtained in the form of secondary data from the financial statements of telecommunications companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2020. The results reveals that some companies present pandemic events in the event accounts after the reporting period as events that do not need to be adjusted because they do not affect the number of certain accounts in the financial statements results based on research, non-adjusting event pandemic evoked events. These financial events are recorded in the Financial Notes (CALK) as information so that it can be an illustration that the financial statements have reflected the actual conditions.
PENGELOLAAN PERMINTAAN DAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PADA UMKM TRAFO PRODUCTION
Authors: Oktalia Adeline , Emilya  , Agriffina Joicelyn , Ella Monica , Sinambela Fitriana Aidnilla
Published: August 2022

This study discusses how to manage demand and production capacity at UMKM Trafo Production.  At the beginning of the pandemic, Trafo Production caused a fairly large negative impact on the world economy which had experienced a decline. Hence, this study aims to determine the types of demand patterns used by consumers, understand how to handle production capacity to meet consumer demand and to understand how to inventory demand with a waiting and queuing system.  In this study, we use a qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by describing or describing the UMKM Trafo Production in order to find out what services are provided by MSME and also the responses by consumers so that they can know the services provided and input from consumers through the interview method. In the results of the economic recovery that occurred when the implementation of the new normal era so that the number of service requests began to return to indicate a demand so that it experienced an increase by Trafo Production which required services in the field of videography, photos, logos and others related to postings on social media.  The pattern of market demand for UMKM Trafo Production is also influenced by time, such as at the beginning of the month.
ANALISIS KARBON DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI KAWASAN REHABILITASI DAS PT ASMIN BARA BRONANG
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Mudzakir Hasan , M. Sopan  , Samek Jay H.
Published: August 2022

Rehabilitasi DAS adalah upaya dalam mengembalikan kondisi alam terutama di sepanjang aliran sungai untuk konservasi. Kegiatan meliputi penanaman pohon di sepanjang DAS, pemeliharaan, evaluasi dan monitoring tahunan. Kegiatan ditujukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan maupun penurunan kondisi dari tahun sebelumnya untuk nilai peningkatan karbon kawasan, manfaat hutan bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan/ DAS, dan peningkatan keanekaragaman hayati. Pengamatan masih dilakukan pada plot permanen yang diamati dari tahun 2020. Dari luas 250 ha dibuat 51 plot permanen tersebar merata di kawasan dengan ukuran plot 20x20 meter. Intensitas sampling yang diambil untuk pengamatan berkala ini adalah 0,816%. Disamping itu juga diamati populasi burung di kawasan.Hasil monitoring 2021 diketahui ada peningkatan jumlah karbon 4,33 ton carbon di semua plot permanen yang ada di kawasan dan peningkatan total karbon kawasan 530,26 ton karbon dan pada setiap kawasan terdapat peningkatan jumlah karbon sebesar 2,02 ton karbon selama waktu setahun. Peningkatan jenis flora fauna yang ada di kawasan, terdapat 14 jenis pohon dan 27 jenis semai di plot pengamatan;, dengan indeks kekayaan Menhinnick untuk pohon dan semai 0,66 dan 0,54; Indeks kekayaan Margalef utuk pohon dan semai 2,13 dan 2,21; Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon untuk pohon dan semai 0,99 dan 1,72; Indeks keanekaragaman Simpson untuk pohon dan semai 0,50 dan 0,73; Keseringan muncul di plot untuk setiap jenis dari kelas pohon dan semai 0,38 dan 0,62. Jenis dominan di kawasan adalah jtumih, geronggang, kahoi, tatumbu dan kambalitan masih bertahan seperti tahun 2020. Keanekaragaman jenis burung yang ada 30 jenis yang didominasi oleh jenis burung langka dan species kunci.

Kata Kunci : Karbon, peningkatan keanekaragaman hayati dan Rehabilitasi DAS
EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN LiDAR UNTUK MENAKSIR TINGGI DAN DIAMETER POHON DALAM KEGIATAN INVENTARISI SUMBERDAYA HUTAN
Authors: Wahyudiono Sugeng , Suhartati Tatik , Suwadji Siman , Simbolon Jhonanda Putra
Published: August 2022

Inventarisasi Sumberdaya Hutan merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam pengeloaan hutan yang terpenting oleh karena setiap kebijakan yang akan diambil dalam pengelolaan sangat bergantung dari hasil inventarisasi. Cara inventarisasi yang diterapkan selama ini pada umumnya secara terestris atau secara manual dihitung di lapangan, di mana cara ini memerlukan waktu lama, tenaga, biaya tinggi. Upaya memperkecil biaya dan mempersingkat waktu dengan menggunakan foto udara, citra satelit maupun foto drone/LiDAR.LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) adalah teknologi penginderaan jauh yang menggunakan sinar laser kontinyu yang dipancarkan dari pemancar untuk mengetahui jarak suatu objek serta instrumen LiDAR terhubung ke pesawat dan satelit yang digunakan untuk survei dan pemetaan. Data yang diperoleh dari LiDAR adalah jumlah pohon perhektar (N), tinggi (H), diameter setinggi dada (DBH). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan data yang dihasilkan LiDAR dengan data terestris dan persen perbedaan diantara keduanya. Pengujian dilakukan dengan t-tes, jika uji statistik tidak berbeda nyata maka hasil LiDAR bisa digunakan, jika berbeda maka data LiDAR tidak bisa digunakan pengganti terstris.Hasil perhitungan dengan LiDAR dan terestris untuk jumlah pohon terdapat perbedaan 11,3% di mana perhitungan LiDAR lebih tinggi, untuk tinggi pohon terdapat perbedaan – 2,2% artinya perhitungan dengan LiDAR lebih rendah, untuk diameter pohon setinggi dada terdapat perbedaan – 0,3% artinya perhitungan LiDAR lebih rendah. Walaupun terdapat perbedaan setelah dilakukan uji statistik dari ke tiga parameter tersebut dinyatakan non signifikan artinya hasil perhitungan dengan LiDAR tidak beda nyata dengan hasil terestris dan data hasil LiDAR datanya dapat digunakan pengganti terestris.

Kata Kunci : Efisie, lidar, Terestris
"A Study on Motivational Factors for Work Performance Among Female Employees"
Authors: Sharma Pooja , M.L Dr. Shailaja.
Published: August 2022

A woman is a man's better half as his wife, and if she works, she is a man's finest asset as well as the best asset of her entire family. Money is the only essential element for a successful life, but the source of that money is equally as important. A daughter who makes money benefits her parents as well as her spouse financially up to and even after marriage. Growing globalization emphasizes the significance of women working both locally and internationally. However, the extent to which they are motivated at work is a research question that lured the researcher to explore this study on motivational factors for work performance among female employees. The goal of the study is to determine if personal efficacy, specific supportive elements may or cannot have an influence on working women's motivation for their jobs. The concept of Quality of Work Life has emerged as an important determinant of model of employment. Wages and salaries do not indicate how good the employer is but the organizational ethics does. Building a women's network is astonishing as the number of ladies increases the emotional as well as the organizational bonds in the working environment. Ladies are truly influenced by the sex synthesis of the Internet in their professions, so framing gatherings can genuinely enable ladies for innovation. Effective management is also about ensuring better quality of work life to the working class. The quality of work by the employees define the satisfaction level of the employees which can be achieved through motivation. In order to ensure great motivation to the employees the organization and the employer should understand the need and wants of the employees and their expectations from the workplace. This research is going to help with finding out the important factors leading to motivation of female employees using tools such as correlation and descriptive statistics.
PLTS Design for Small Industry Needs
Authors: Saut Situmorang
Published: August 2022

The need for electricity both for industry, offices, as well as the general public and individuals is increasing. However, this increase in electricity demand is not accompanied by an increase in electricity supply. Based on these problems, solar energy was chosen as an alternative energy to produce electrical energy. The tool used here is a solar cell, because it can convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy (photovoltaic process). In order for solar energy to be used at night, during the day the electrical energy produced is stored in a battery controlled by the regulator. The regulator output is directly connected to the inverter from DC to AC current. The results of the solar module test (photovoltaic) show that the average output power reaches 38.24 Watt, and the current obtained is 2.49 A (Amperes). This is because the photovoltaic when following the direction of the sun's movement will always position the photovoltaic to remain facing the sun so that it will still be able to capture the sun's rays optimally.
Optical Cable Backbone Network Design In The Province Kalimantan Middle Use Technology DWDM OTN
Authors: Saut Situmorang  , Azarya NJ Siahaan  , Charla Tri Selda
Published: August 2022

In designing the backbone network for the province of East Kalimantan using Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Optical Transport Network (OTN) devices which cover 10 districts and cities consisting of 34 segments, of which 34 segments consist of 10 OTN DWDM sites and 16 Optical Land Amplifier sites ( OLA). From the results of the design and simulation of the backbone network, it was found that the value of the Optical Link Power Budget (OLPB) < 50 dBm where this value is the ideal value in deploying a DWDM OTN backbone network, and the range of the Optical Signal Noise Ratio (OSNR) is between 20 dBm < OSNR < 40 dBm, which is the ideal value for OSNR, and has an Optical Rise Time Budget (ORTB) < 60 ps, and also has a segment margin system of > 7 dB.
Initiatives to enhance medical subspecialist training in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Nzala Selestine , Simuyemba Moses C. , Zyambo Cosmas , Musenge Emmanuel , Wahila Ruth , Kalusopa Victoria M. , Mwiinga Christabel , Makukula Marjory K. , Mukwato Patricia Katowa - , Kafumukache Elliot , Goma Fastone
Published: August 2022

Introduction: There is a significant shortage of medical subspecialists in Zambia. The government of Zambia, through programmes at the Ministry ofHealth, spends considerable resources to send patients outside the country for subspecialist medical treatment. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the current situation pertaining to medical subspecialty training at the University of Zambia School of Medicine (UNZASOM) and to illustrate the new programmes that are to be introduced. 

Methods: We collected data from formal desk reviews on the state of medical specialisation in Zambia, the UNZASOM graduation archives and patient referral records at the Ministry of Health (MoH). In addition, information on planned subspecialist programmes is presented.

Results: From the first graduates in 1986up to 2019, UNZASOM produced 3 51 medical specialists, 63 (18%) in Internal Medicine, 77 (22%) in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 82 (23%) in Paediatrics&Child Health, 68 (19%) in General Surgery, 17 (5%) in Anaesthesia & Critical Care, 20 (6%) in Orthopaedics &Trauma and 8 (2%) in Urology. The remaining graduates were in Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, Infectious Diseases, Paediatric Surgery and Pathology contributing 1% each. To enhance medical subspecialist training at UNZASOM, new curricula for Breast Surgery, Urology, Glaucoma, Vitreo-retinalSurgery, Adult Gastroentero logy, Forensic Pathology, Dermatology & Venereology, Ophthalmology, Gynaecological Oncology and Paediatric anaesthesia, Infectious Diseases, and Gastroenterology were developed. Since 2013, only 44 % of patients requiring subspecialist treatment out of Zambia got assisted with the remainder still on the waiting list or having had bad outcomes.
Determinants of small for gestational age among HIV exposed infants delivered at the Women and Newborn hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Ndui Augustus , Kasonka L , Vwalika B
Published: August 2022

Objectives:  To explore the factors that influence small for gestational age outcome among HIV exposed infants delivered at the Women and Newborn Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Materials and Methods: This was a facility-based unmatched case control study nested in the Zambia Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS) conducted at the Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka district between October 2017 and February 2021. Convenience sampling was used to select all the 53 HIV exposed small for gestational age infants (as cases) and 152 HIV unexposed small for gestational age infants (as controls). An excel data extraction tool was used to extract categorised variables from the ZAPPS data set into Stata version 19. Chi-square test was used to test for association, foetal and maternal variables with a p-value of 0.2 at univariate analyses were entered into a multiple logistic regression model.

Results: The proportion of SGA, though not statistically significant, was found to be 19.9% among the HIV exposed infants compared to 17.3% in the unexposed group (p= 0.34). More than three quarters of participants in both the HIV positive arm (71.7%) and HIV negative arm (81.3%) were aged between 20-35 years. On multivariate analysis, Maternal chronic illness [AOR: 4.39, 95% CI: (1.66 - 11.6), p=0.003] and spontaneous preterm delivery [AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: (1.02 - 2.46), p=0.040] had a strong association with small for gestational age. Tertiary Level of education [AOR: 0.45, (0.24 - 0.85), p=0.014] was found to be significantly protective against small for gestational age. Maternal factors such as married status [AOR: 0.74, (0.48 - 1.13), p=0.164], secondary level of education [AOR: 0.82, (0.54 - 1.24), p=0.743], history of stillbirth [AOR: 1.31, (0.92-1.85), p=0.123] and the Mid-upper arm circumference [AOR: 0.96, (0.92-1.00), p=0.064] was not associated with small for gestational age.  

Conclusion: There was no association between maternal HIV infection and SGA. Maternal chronic illness and spontaneous preterm birth increase the odds of SGA outcome while tertiary level of education is protective. Further research is needed to broaden the evidence base for addressing small for gestational age as a gateway to improve perinatal mortality, and for policy implementers to devise cost-effective and sustainable ways of reaching the at-risk population.
PKM Karang Taruna dalam Pelaksanaan Konselor Teman Sebaya menuju Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja
Authors: Harsono Harsono , Rinayati Rinayati , Sugiharto Sigit
Published: August 2022

Remaja masih mengalami masa transisi dan beresiko mengalami masalah, antara lain adalah masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Jenis risiko kesehatan reproduksi yang harus dihadapi remaja antara lain adalah pernikahan dini, kehamilan, aborsi, penyakit menular seksual (PMS), kekerasan seksual, serta masalah keterbatasan akses informasi dan pelayanan kesehatan. Karena sebab itu remaja masih memerlukan pendampingan, bimbingan, dan penatalaksanaan serius dalam mengatasi masalah yang akan dan sudah dihadapinya. Teman sebaya mempunyai andil  yang besar dalam kehidupan remaja, inti dari pertemanan sebaya adalah bagaimana seseorang dapat diterima dalam suatu pergaulan dengan teman yang terdapat kesamaan dalam usia, lingkungan dan garis hidup. Tim PKM melaksanakan kegiatan ini dengan tujuan untuk melatih anggota karang taruna agar mampu menjadi konselor teman sebaya di lingkungan tempat tinggalnya,dengan hasil akhir mampu meningkatkan kesehatan repoduksi remaja diwilayah RW 09 Gondoriyo Ngaliyan Kota Semarang. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan melalui kegiatan ceramah, role play, studi kasus, pendampingan dan observasi serta evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan PKM menunjukan bahwa nilai post test yang mengalami kenaikan dari nilai pre test 88.75 menjadi 93.33, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pelatihan ini dapat diterima dan diserap dengan baik oleh peserta

Teenager are still experiencing a transition period and are at risk of experiencing problem, including teenager reproductive health problems.  Types of reproductive health risks that must be faced by adolescents include early marriage, pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexual violence, and the problem of limited access to information and health services.   Because of that teenagers still need assistance, guidance, and serious management in overcoming the problems that they will and have already  faced.  Peers have a big role in the lives of teenagers, the essence of peer friendship is how a person can be accepted in an association with friends who have similarities in age, environment and life line.  The community services team carried out this activity with the aim of training youth  members to be able to become peer counselors in their neighborhood, with the final result being able to improve teenagers reproductive helath ini the RW 09 Gondoriyo Ngaliyan Semarang.   The method of carrying out activities is through lectures, role plays, case studies, mentoring and observation and evaluation.  The results of the community services activity showed that the post-test value increased from the pre test score of 88,75 to 93,33, so it can be said that this training was well received and absorbed by the participants
血清淀粉样蛋白A1(SAA1)与肿瘤疾病发展的综述
Authors:   川北医学院, 唐 发亮
Published: August 2022

血清淀粉样蛋白A1(SAA1)是血清淀粉样蛋白A家族的其中一种蛋白，其本质属于一种载脂蛋白。另外SAA1还是一种急性期蛋白，在炎症和组织损伤反应中高度表达。这种蛋白可能是某些肿瘤的潜在生物标志物。在SAA1与肿瘤发展的关系方面，目前许多研究者对此进行了深入的实验研究和理论探索，目的旨在为一些肿瘤疾病的诊断提供新的思路，本文就近些年来对SAA1与肿瘤发展的研究进展加以综述。
Comprehensive Evaluation of China's Green Urbanization Level--Measurement Based on Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Wenjie Pan , Weiyue Mei Daniel
Published: August 2022

Along with the shift of China’s economy from a high-speed development stage to a high-quality development stage, traditional urbanization is also transforming into the form of green and low-carbon. Based on the connotation of green urbanization, this paper selects 2007-2021 as the research period; measures the green urbanization level of 31 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government through a comprehensive index of indicators and analyzes the relative and absolute differences among different regions with the Dagum Gini coefficient and the dynamic evolution of distribution model. The results show that the overall green urbanization level at the provincial level has been improving, with the characteristics of the eastern region exhibiting high quality, and the central and western regions exhibiting high growth. The results also demonstrate significant intra-regional differences between the eastern and western regions, with the intra-regional differences in the northeast displaying a trend of ‘maintenance-expansion-contraction’. While the intra-regional differences in the central and western regions are generally decreasing, the uneven green urbanization level among different regions is also gradually being alleviated; however, more attention must be paid to the long-standing gap between the eastern and other regions in China.
Mycophagous Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera) in The Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Varatharajan R.
Published: August 2022

Mycophagous Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera:) are recognizable as (a) fungal-hyphae-feeding mycetophagous Phlaeothripinae, living on fungi that infest dry twigs and (b) fungal-spore-feeding sporophagous Idolothripinae, usually present on leaf litter. In the Indian subcontinent, out of 765 species of known Thysanoptera, nearly 152 species in 66 genera fall within the mycophagous group of the Phlaeothripidae with 54 idolothripine and 98 phlaeothripine species. Taxonomic diversity of these species in bamboo- and oak-leaf litter and pine forests in the sub-Himalayan ecosystems of North-Eastern India are discussed in this article, along with the diversity that is apparent in their developmental patterns, thrips-plant-fungus association, and phenotypic plasticity, supplemented with a note on their ecological implications.
Population Dynamics of Mango Fruit Flies Bactrocera spp.
Authors: Begam S. Naziya , Jalaluddin S. Mohamed , Sithanantham S. , Shanthi M. , Thiruvudainambi S . , Beaulah A.
Published: August 2022

Population dynamics of fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and B. correcta Bezzi were studied in mango ecosystem at Veppalampatti location in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu from October 2017 to September 2018. The fluctuations in the occurrence of adult fruit flies were assessed by methyl eugenol trap catches at fortnight intervals in fixed locations. The results revealed that B. dorsalis reached the first peak (116.00 flies/trap) in first fortnight of June, 2018. Relatively, the initial counts of B. correcta was maximum and the first peak (195.00 flies/trap) was observed during first fortnight of October, 2017. Correlation of trap catches with weather parameters revealed that B. dorsalis trap catches were influenced to an extent of 63%, whereas B. correcta occurrence was correlated with rainfall only.
Repellency of Plant Essential Oils to Key Coleopteran Stored Grain Insects of Rice
Authors: Patil Naveenkumar B. , G. Basana Gowda , Adak Totan , G Guru Pirasanna Pandi , Annamalai Mahendiran , Rath P. C. , Jena Mayabini
Published: August 2022

Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the repellant effects of three essential oils from plants viz., orange, eucalyptus and cinnamon oils against four major coleopteran stored grain insect pests of rice viz., Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum. The % repellency (PR) and index of repellency (RI) were observed to range from 10 to 100% and 0.00 to 0.90, respectively. Eucalyptus oil @ 5% showed maximum repellent action against Tribolium castaneum, registering PR and RI values of 93.33 (F=0.921), 100 (F=1.66), 100 (F=3.772) and 0.07, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively at 3, 6 and 12 hrs after treatment and were found significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Chemical profiling of tested oils through GCMS showed presence of 2- 3 chemical constituents amounting to >90 % of total composition of oil. The results highlight the repellency effects of the essential oils and indicate that these can be ecofriendly ones for the post-harvest protection of rice.
Impact of Neem Oil on Developmental Stages of Honey Bee Apis mellifera L.
Authors: G. Kaur , R. Singh , A. Singh
Published: August 2022

Toxicity of neem oil on developmental stages of Apis mellifera L. was evaluated by applying three concentrations within the marked comb cells with micropipette as single (applied only once) and multiple exposures (at one day interval up to capping of cells) on different age groups of larvae (1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 days). Results revealed that maximum survival was observed in controls (both negative and positive) and at par with 0.05% (T1) and 0.1 % (T2) concentrations. Minimum survival of larval stage was found in 1% (T3). Same trend was also observed in emerged pupae (CD=17.9) and in mortality of adult bees (CD=15.3). Significant difference in the survival of larval (p<0.05), emerged pupae (p<0.05) and mortality of adult (p<0.05) honey bees was found within stages originating from treated larvae. Both in single or multiple doses, it was found that larvae treated at 1-2 days age group was significantly affected as compared to other stages.
Evaluation of Some Ecofriendly IPM Approaches in Sorghum
Authors: Anandhi P. , Ambethgar V.
Published: August 2022

Some ecofriendly IPM modules were evaluated against insect pests of sorghum. These included: timely sowing (41st standard week-SW); seed treatment with imidacloprid 70WS @ 3 g/ kg seed; installing fishmeal trap @ 12/ ha up to 30 days after emergence (DAE); bund cropping with sorghum + bhendi; releasing egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis at 35 DAE; spraying NSKE 5% at 60 DAE. These recorded minimum pest load with highest cost benefit ratio. This IPM package was compared to local common farmers’ practice and the results proved that these approaches are superior.
Persistence and Degradation Behaviour of Dimethoate in Grapes
Authors: Reddy Banka Kanda Kishore , Bhuvaneswari K. , Paramasivam M. , Suganthi A. , Geetha P.
Published: August 2022

Through a field experiment, the dissipation pattern of dimethoate in grapes was evaluated during December 2020 - February 2021. Dimethoate 30%EC was sprayed twice at ten-days interval at recommended (X) dose (445 g a.i ha-1) and double the recommended (2x) dose (890 g a.i ha-1). The samples were collected from 0 (2hr), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days or till degradation to below detectable level (BDL) and at harvest time. The residues were extracted by the modified QuEChERS method and analyzed by LCMS. The method performance was satisfactory in terms of SANTE guidelines and with good linearity (r2>0.99). The mean total dimethoate residue including omethoate was 1.047 and 2.168 mg kg-1 at x and 2x doses, respectively with half-lives of 5.47 and 5.59 days. The calculated Risk Quotient (RQ) at both x and 2x dose with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) indicated that for dimethoate these are not safe for human health due to the intake of residue.
Behavioural Response of Stored Product Insects to Light And Bait Sources in Paddy Storage Godown
Authors: Sathiyaseelan M. , Jayaraj J. , Shanthi M. , Sujatha K.
Published: August 2022

This study was carried out at the Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, from July to August 2021. Behavioural response of lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica, red flour beetle Tribolium spp. and Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella to different light and bait sources revealed that the incandescent light 25W was effective with R. dominica (17.08%), Tribolium spp. (9.28%) and S. cerealella (2.98%) followed by compact fluorescent light (CFL) 18W attracting R. dominica, Tribolium spp. and S. cerealella. The least trapping efficiency was observed with CFL 15W and light emitting diodes (LED) 20W lights. The behavioural response to bait when analysed revealed that maximum attraction was observed in wheat flour 41.41% followed by cracked sorghum (32.14%), sorghum flour (24.09%) and pearl millet flour (24.08%).
Susceptibility of Imidacloprid Resistant Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) to Cyantraniliprole
Authors: S. Rajna , G. K. Mahapatro , S. Subramanian , Chander Subhash , Kelageri Sudhakar
Published: August 2022

The susceptibility of five north Indian populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) against a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid and a comparatively novel, diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole has been analysed in this study. It was found that the Sriganganagar and Bathinda populations were moderately resistant to imidacloprid with LC50 values 845.55 and 765.65 mg/ l, respectively; while, the LC50 value for cyantraniliprole was around 4.5 and 4.3 mg/ l for both the populations. The relative resistance ratio for imidacloprid was 14.53 and 13.16 for Sriganganagar and Bathinda populations, respectively, whereas, for cyantraniliprole, no resistance was observed. The pairwise comparisons of LC50s of various populations did not exhibit any cross-resistance. The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of using cyantraniliprole as an alternative for imidacloprid resistant B. tabaci populations in north India.
Effect of IPM Modules on Major Pests and their Natural Enemies in King Chilli Capsicum Chinense in Northeast India
Authors: Thangjam Rojeet , Kadam Veronica , Borah R. K. , Saikia D. K. , Nath P. D. , Singh H. R.
Published: August 2022

A field experiment to evaluate some IPM modules against major pests viz., Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci and their natural enemies viz., coccinellids and spiders occurring in king chilli Capsicum chinense Jacquin was carried out during rabi (2014-16) at Jorhat, Assam. The results revealed that module M2 with seedling root dip treatment with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 40g a.i./ ha + growing of border crop (okra)+ spraying of imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 40g a.i./ ha at 20 days after transplanting at 15 days interval is the most effective in suppressing aphids and whitefly followed by lambdacyhalothrin instead of imidacloprid in both the seasons. The insecticidal treatment modules had a significant effect on the pest and the viral diseases, thereby increasing the yield, with maximum yield obtained in module M2 (3564.44 kg/ ha) and with a maximum cost-benefit ratio of 1: 4.85.
Ecofriendly Management of Major Insect Pests of Stored Maize
Authors: Tiwari Sangeeta , Yadav Sunita
Published: August 2022

The laboratory experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to study the efficacy of seed protectants namely fly ash, paddy husk and it’s ash, turmeric powder, silica gel, neem leaves and oil, eucalyptus leaves and oil, canola oil and boric acid against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts on stored maize (genotype HQPM 1). The results revealed that neem oil was the most ecofriendly treatment against S. oryzae with 94.76% adult mortality, 12.54x population growth after 6 months and 0% grain damage (pooled data). In case of R. dominica, maximum mortality (91.90%) and 0% grain damage was observed in neem oil but minimum growth (12.44-) value was observed for canola oil. The neem oil was also found effective against T. granarium (92.83% mortality; 0% grain damage), and the least (60.04 larval growth was observed with canola oil. Neem oil showed maximum (80%, 80% and 86.67%) repellency against S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. granarium, respectively which was followed by eucalyptus oil. The neem oil showed 86% germination which was followed by eucalyptus oil (84%). The boric acid showed adverse effects on germination of maize seeds.
New Record of Deltocephaline Leafhopper Genus Bhavapura Chalam and Rao from Himachal Pradesh and Mizoram
Authors: Nikoshe Akash P. , Meshram Naresh M. , Kumari Richa
Published: August 2022

The monotypic leafhopper genus Bhavapura Chalam and Rao (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae; Paralimnini) is described herein as new record from Himachal Pradesh and Mizoram. Distribution records for the genus are updated here and detailed redescriptions and diagnosis along with the illustrations for the species are provided.