bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of mandatory disclosure on rewarding online reviews based on S-O-R theory
Authors: Liang Wen-Yau , Huang Chun-Che , Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill) , Chen Jia-Chi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Up to 89.1% of consumers have changed their decisions due to the influence of online reviews. In order to increase the number of reviews, some websites and platforms have adopted feedback incentives. Research shows that offering review incentives does increase the likelihood of consumers writing reviews. However, the review reward system also brings some problems. Consumers may doubt the authenticity of product reviews that are incentivized by rewards, believing that reviewers are only writing reviews for personal gain, which has a negative impact on the credibility of the reviews. To address this issue, this study proposes a mechanism for mandatory disclosure of review incentives as research demonstrates that transparent online communication of a platform’s efforts can substantially boost review helpfulness restore trust in online platforms, and even improve purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) theoretical framework and utilizes a simulated situational questionnaire to investigate the impact of online reviews on consumers' emotional and behavioral responses within the context of a mandatory disclosure review reward system. The model identifies four key constructs: review quality as the Stimulus, review credibility and review usefulness as the Organism, and purchase intention as the Response. Data were collected through the questionnaire and subsequently analyzed to understand these relationships.

Findings

The results show that review quality has a significant positive impact on review credibility, review usefulness and purchase intention. Similarly, review credibility and review usefulness also have significant positive impacts on purchase intention.

Originality/value

To mitigate the potential negative effects of review reward systems, this study introduces a mandatory disclosure of the review reward and examines its impact using a simulated situational questionnaire. The study hypothesizes that mandatory disclosure of rewarded reviews enables consumers to identify these reviews, which may, in turn, enhance their purchase intentions.
The impact of new generative AI chatbots on the switch point (SP): toward an artificial emotional awareness (AEA)
Authors: Saviano Marialuisa , Thomas Asha , Del Prete Marzia , Verderese Daniele , Sasso Pasquale
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on integrating humans and technology in customer service within the framework of Society 5.0, which emphasizes the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI). It examines how effectively new generative AI-based chatbots can handle customer emotions and explores their impact on determining the point at which a customer–machine interaction should be transferred to a human agent to prevent customer disengagement, referred to as the Switch Point (SP).

Design/methodology/approach

To evaluate the capabilities of new generative AI-based chatbots in managing emotions, ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini and Copilot are tested using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF). A reference framework is developed to illustrate the shift in the Switch Point (SP).

Findings

Using the four-intelligence framework (mechanical, analytical, intuitive and empathetic), this study demonstrates that, despite advancements in AI’s ability to address emotions in customer service, even the most advanced chatbots—such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Copilot—still fall short of replicating the empathetic capabilities of human intelligence (HI). The concept of artificial emotional awareness (AEA) is introduced to characterize the intuitive intelligence of new generative AI chatbots in understanding customer emotions and triggering the SP. A complementary rather than replacement perspective of HI and AI is proposed, highlighting the impact of generative AI on the SP.

Research limitations/implications

This study is exploratory in nature and requires further theoretical development and empirical validation.

Practical implications

The study has only an exploratory character with respect to the possible real impact of the introduction of the new generative AI-based chatbots on collaborative approaches to the integration of humans and technology in Society 5.0.

Originality/value

Customer Relationship Management managers can use the proposed framework as a guide to adopt a dynamic approach to HI–AI collaboration in AI-driven customer service.
Developing lesson study collaboration in Scotland
Authors: Leakey Sarah , Mynott John Paul
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Translating lesson study (LS) into a new country comes with implementation challenges. Scotland is no exception to this. We explore how researchers have adapted and developed parts of the LS cycle to enhance collaborative advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

We present two LS cases: one exploring English lessons with 7–8-year-olds and the second exploring fractions with 8–9-year-olds. Both cases were mapped against an LS conceptual model. The cases were analysed using collaborative advantage theory to identify elements that supported collaboration or caused collaborative inertia.

Findings

Collaborations are impacted by input factors, such as planning and feedback tools, which influence the development of processes and emergent states. Shared cognition emerged as a dominant theme influencing collaborative advantage in LS and was related to the development of shared mental models, joint endeavour and psychological safety. It is hypothesised that additional adaptations, such as a mock lesson, may minimise collaborative inertia by revealing hidden differences in team members' interpretation of meaning.

Originality/value

A novel approach to combining collaborative advantage theory with advances in the conceptualisation of LS offers new insights into the features and complexities of collaboration within LS in Scotland.
Social engagements of recently migrated adults and elderly living in urban areas: an analysis of longitudinal aging study (LASI) in India
Authors: Thomas M. Benson , Jose Joemet , Jaleel Abdul
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the social engagement of individuals who have recently migrated to cities in India. The objective is to assess the capacity of these migrants to foster social connections in their newfound urban settings, aiming to advocate for urban governance reforms that facilitate inclusive planning for the holistic well-being of all residents, including migrants.

Design/methodology/approach

Using quantitative data from the first phase of the longitudinal aging study in India (LASI-2020), this study introduces the term “social engagement” to characterize the interactions of migrants. Incorporating 18 relevant variables, the research uses the Chi-square test to explore correlations between these factors and the social engagement of recent migrants in cities. In addition, multivariate logistic regression is used to identify traits that empower migrants to achieve significant levels of social engagement.

Findings

This study reveals that a substantial proportion of recent migrants (over 70%) experience social isolation in their new urban environments. Factors such as increasing age, female gender and lower educational attainment significantly contribute to this isolation. Moreover, wealth, religious affiliations and previous urban experiences play pivotal roles in shaping social engagement among urban migrants. Interestingly, age itself does not directly impact migrants’ social engagement; instead, the intersection of factors such as education, wealth and prior urban experiences assumes a critical role.

Practical implications

Recognizing that social engagement is an integral part of everyday life in contemporary urban societies, it is imperative for urban governance in India to establish structures and systems that facilitate social engagement for the elderly, including migrants. Urban administrators and planners must integrate these dimensions into planning and administrative processes to foster inclusivity for all elderly populations, including migrants, within urban areas.

Originality/value

Addressing a noticeable gap in existing literature, this paper initiates a discourse on the social engagement of recent migrants residing in Indian cities, with specific focus on the intricate interplay of aging, gender, migration status, wealth and education.
Exploring the moderating role of university environmental performance in shaping students’ environmental awareness and behaviors
Authors: Eroğlu Erdal , Aydemir Dev Mine , Dalgın Kübra
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of university environmental performance in the relationship between students’ environmental awareness and behavior, with a particular focus on the imperative for universities to adopt comprehensive sustainability frameworks.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative research methodology, the study administered a survey to 775 undergraduate students from diverse academic departments at a public university. The survey aimed to assess students’ environmental awareness, behaviors and perceptions of university environmental performance. The Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test were applied, and a simple moderation analysis was performed.

Findings

The results indicate that environmental awareness significantly influences students’ environmental behaviors. Crucially, the perception of environmental performance moderates the relationship between environmental awareness and behavior. The relationship between environmental awareness and environmental behaviors becomes stronger when environmental performance increases.

Research limitations/implications

While the scope of this research is limited to a single institution, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings, future studies could extend this investigation to multiple universities to confirm and expand upon these results.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing body of literature by emphasizing the critical role universities play in cultivating students’ environmental awareness and behaviors, and it underscores the importance of institutional environmental performance in promoting sustainable practices within academic environments. Although previous research has explored environmental awareness and behavior, this study offers a unique contribution as it establishes a connection between the awareness-behavior gap and environmental performance.
Pathways from supervisor incivility to workplace deviance: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and supervisor-targeted aggression
Authors: Madan Poornima , Srivastava Shalini , Gupta Bindu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Drawing on the frustration-aggression-displacement (FAD) hypothesis, this study investigates the link between supervisor incivility and workplace deviant behavior through the mediating pathways of supervisor-targeted aggression and emotional exhaustion. Additionally, it examines the moderating role of psychopathy in the relationships between supervisor incivility and supervisor-targeted aggression and supervisor incivility and emotional exhaustion.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from hotel employees through a three-wave study, and variance-based partial least square structural equation modeling (VB-SEM) was employed to analyze the hypothesized associations.

Findings

Results indicate that supervisor-targeted aggression and emotional exhaustion mediate the relationships between supervisor incivility and workplace deviant behavior. However, psychopathy did not show any significant moderating effect.

Practical implications

The findings provide valuable insights for managers to develop effective strategies for reducing organizational incivility and deviant behaviors.

Originality/value

This study identifies two mediating mechanisms linking supervisor incivility to workplace deviant behavior and adds to the limited understanding of how supervisor incivility can lead to negative employee behaviors.
The assembly of plant communities in relation to overlap in mycorrhizal and pathogenic root fungi
Authors: Schamp Brandon S. , Jones Riley , Fahey Catherine , Brazeau Hannah , Koyama Akihiro , Maherali Hafiz , Antunes Pedro M.
Published: January 2025

Plant species commonly associate with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and pathogenic root fungi, with many plants overlapping in their fungal community compositions. Overlap in AM fungi could promote coexistence by favouring competitively inferior or rare plants, or through the establishment of common mycorrhizal networks. Coexistence could also, however, be impeded if shared AM fungi disproportionately benefit competitively superior or abundant plant species. Overlap in pathogenic root fungi among closely growing plant species should increase the likelihood that an uninfected plant becomes infected, leading to reduced coexistence.

Using vegetation plot data from an old‐field plant community along with high‐throughput sequence data on AM and pathogenic root fungal associations, we conducted three specific evaluations. First, we used null models to determine whether estimated overlap in AM or pathogenic root fungi among coexisting plant species was higher or lower than expected by chance. Second, we assessed whether estimated overlap in AM and pathogenic fungi differed between positively co‐occurring and negatively co‐occurring plant species. Third, we examined whether variation in plot‐level plant species richness was explained by the degree of estimated overlap in AM and pathogenic root fungi among those species.

We found no evidence that estimated overlap in AM or pathogenic root fungal communities was higher or lower than expected under our null model. Additionally, positively and negatively co‐occurring pairs of plant species did not differ in their estimated overlap in either group of fungi. However, plant species richness was significantly higher in plots where plants were estimated to overlap more in AM fungi and significantly lower in plots where plant species were estimated to overlap more in pathogenic root fungi. Our results suggest that overlap in root fungal associations among plant species appears to be predictive of plant species richness, and therefore the assembly of plant communities.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Human–wildlife coexistence needs more evidence‐based interventions to reduce the losses of crops, livestock and fishery catches
Authors: Huang Cheng , Chen Yiqing , Li Li‐Li , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa , Wang Yi , Onditi Kenneth O. , Li Zhongqiu , Feng Limin , Liu Yang , Lee Tien Ming
Published: January 2025

Evidence‐based interventions designed to reduce wildlife‐caused losses are essential for human–wildlife coexistence. The lack of systematic summarization of research effort and evidence makes it challenging for researchers, managers and policymakers to prioritize interventions for evaluation and implementation.

Here, we compiled experimental case studies of nonlethal technical interventions designed to reduce the losses of crops, livestock and fishery catches caused by terrestrial carnivores, elephants, farmland birds and marine fauna worldwide. Then, we summarized the research effort and the performance of interventions by their sensory stimuli and target animals.

We found that: (i) 54 of 88 interventions included in this study had statistically effective evidence, where only 39% (21/54) were evaluated with more than three experiments; (ii) physical‐, sound‐, chemical‐ and light (or visual) ‐based interventions were the most in numbers and their performance varied greatly; (iii) farmland birds, seabirds and cetaceans were the most studied animal groups while there are only a few experiments for elephants; and (iv) the interventions for marine fauna generally had no impact on the target catch of fisheries.

Syntheses and applications: Our results indicated that collective effort is needed to further evaluate interventions using various sensory stimuli and launch incentive programs to motivate the implementation of interventions, particularly related to marine fauna conservation. Our synthesis could be helpful for stakeholders to tackle the negative human‐wildlife interactions outlined as Target 4 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Educational attainment as a potential effect modifier of alcohol use and 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality in the United States—A longitudinal analysis of mortality linked survey data from 1997 to 2018
Authors: Probst Charlotte , Zhu Yachen , Kilian Carolin , Kerr William , Rehm Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Aims

To measure effects between educational attainment and alcohol use as a driver of unequal alcohol‐attributable mortality.

Design

Nation‐wide cohort study using a longitudinal design, linking data from the 1997–2018 National Health Interview Survey to mortality data of the National Death Index in 2019. The study has an average follow‐up time of 10.7 years (SD = 6.4).

Setting

United States.

Participants

Nationally representative sample of adults aged 25 years and older.

Measurements

The outcome was time to 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality, censored or last presumed alive by 31 December 2019. Socioeconomic status was operationalized via educational attainment; alcohol use was self‐reported and operationalized using a categorical measure with lifetime abstainers as reference category.

Findings

Of a total of 562 632 adults, 901 (635 men and 266 women) died during follow‐up from a 100% alcohol‐attributable cause of death [15 per 100 000 person years (PY)]. We found a strong interaction effect between low education and Category III alcohol use (>60 g and >40 g per day for men and women, respectively), which was of additive nature as shown by the Aalen's additive hazards model, with 83.68 additional deaths per 100 000 PY (95% confidence interval = 16.48–150.87) found in individuals with low education with Category III drinking compared with a situation when there was no interaction between the two risk factors. A large and statistically significant relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 32.05 from the Cox model supported the interaction. For individuals with low education, the risk associated with Category III drinking was double that for those with high education.

Conclusions

In the United States, people with combined low education and high alcohol consumption (>60 g/day for men, >40 g/day for women) appear to have a higher risk of 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality compared with other combinations of educational attainment and drinking.
Effectiveness of Root Canal Irrigation and Dressing for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review Assessing Complementary Timeframes
Authors: Immich Felipe , Rödig Tina , Kanzow Philipp , Piva Evandro , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero
Published: January 2025

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are used in root canal treatment. However, further research is needed to assess their effectiveness at time points not considered in previous guidelines. This review complements the systematic review by Rossi‐Fedele and Rödig (2023) by considering time points excluded by the latter. A search was conducted in PubMed‐MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and repositories between March and May 2024. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data from 212 teeth for irrigation and 108 for dressings. No significant differences in pain reduction within 7 days or radiographic reduction of apical lesion size were found between 2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and various NaOCl concentrations. Single and multiple visit protocols also showed no significant differences in postoperative pain. Two studies had a ‘low risk’ of bias and two ‘some concerns’. Evidence suggests that Ca(OH)2 dressings may not offer additional benefits.
Apical Surgery and Resurgery After Recurrent Failure in Traumatised Immature Teeth: Reflections on Management Based on Two Case Reports
Authors: Machado Ana Laura Schauenberg , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Anastacio Maurício Denicol , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Weidlich Patrícia , Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger
Published: January 2025

This study reports two cases of traumatised non‐vital immature teeth (IT). Both underwent surgical and nonsurgical treatments after healing failure. In the first case, both maxillary central incisors underwent revascularization as the first treatment option. Failure was detected in tooth #8 after 15 months, while tooth #9 showed periapical healing and further root development. Apical microsurgery was performed because of persistent cystic fluid during nonsurgical retreatment. In the second case, there was recurrent endodontic treatment failure in tooth #9 after nonsurgical mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug placement and apical surgery (AS). Endodontic resurgery comprised debridement, apical and lateral root surface planning and removal of remaining MTA from the bone lesion. For both cases, histopathological examination revealed the presence of inflammatory cysts. Periapical healing was observed 1 year after treatment. Apical surgery, and even resurgery, should be considered as alternatives to tooth extraction in growing patients with IT and recurrent healing failure.
Understanding the consumer, carer and stakeholder experiences of residential respite care
Authors: Huynh Andrew Liem Hieu , Lee Kathryn , Dang Christa , Savvas Steven , Batchelor Frances , Yates Paul , Amadoru Sanka
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Residential aged care respite clients are vulnerable and prone to poor health‐care outcomes. Improvements in the quality of care for this cohort are urgently needed. However, before proposing changes in care models, a nuanced understanding of relevant issues affecting respite care consumers and professionals is required. We aimed to explore perspectives of consumers, carers, health‐care workers and aged care workers involved in residential respite care (RRC).

Methods

We used purposive sampling to recruit respite consumers, their family members, residential aged care staff and health‐care workers across metropolitan Melbourne for semi‐structured telephone interviews and electronic surveys regarding RRC. Thematic analysis of interviews and surveys was performed.

Results

Twenty‐three semi‐structured in‐depth interviews (five family members, four residential aged care staff, five general practitioners, two nurse practitioners, seven hospital staff) and 12 electronic surveys (five family members, three general practitioners, four hospital staff) were completed. Five key themes were identified: (1) reasons for using respite care vary; (2) expectations and understanding of respite care vary; (3) structural and funding factors influence the experience and quality of care; (4) care professionals often lack timely access to accurate health‐care information; and (5) medical management and health‐care needs of respite residents are complex.

Conclusions

These findings from multiple stakeholders highlight several issues regarding the benefits of and problems with RRC, and the interfaces between the aged care and health‐care sectors. Understanding these issues is pivotal in informing targeted and systemic interventions to improve RRC.
Lower bounds of projection weighted symmetric discrepancy on uniform designs
Authors: Zheng Hao , Fu Kang , Xiao Yao
Published: January 2025

A critical aspect of experimental designs is to determine the effective and efficient lower bounds of the discrepancy criterion in uniform designs. These lower bounds serve as benchmarks for measuring the design uniformity and for constructing uniform designs. Nowadays, symmetric discrepancy and projection weighted symmetric discrepancy are two commonly used discrepancy criteria. In this paper, we investigate the general lower bounds of these two discrepancies for symmetric multi‐level designs and present sharp lower bounds for three‐level designs, thereby complementing the existing lower bound theory of discrepancies in uniform designs. Several design examples are used to validate the theoretical results presented. Furthermore, we conduct two popular practical computer experiments to evaluate the performance of uniform designs based on these two discrepancies.
Impact of Cannulation Strategy and Extracorporeal Blood Flow on Recirculation During Veno‐Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Pooth Jan‐Steffen , Förster Jil Kristin , Benk Christoph , Diel Patric , Brixius Sam Joé , Maier Sven , Supady Alexander , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid Leander , Haimerl Gerd‐Walter , Czerny Martin , Benk Julia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is increasingly used in the treatment of severe respiratory failure. Despite a significant increase in the worldwide use of extracorporeal lung assist devices recirculation remains a common complication and is associated with a reduced effectiveness of ECMO support and increased hemolysis. In this observational study we aimed to investigate the impact of cannula configuration and extracorporeal flow on recirculation.

Materials and Methods

An observational retrospective study was performed, which included all patients, who received V‐V ECMO and recirculation measurements at the University Medical Center Freiburg between August 2021 and June 2023. Recirculation and extracorporeal flow were determined using ultrasonic indicator dilution technology. Patients were divided into subgroups according to their type of cannulation (dual lumen single‐site vs. bifemoral vs. femoro‐jugular).

Results

A total of 215 recirculation measurements in 47 patients were performed. Dual lumen single‐site cannulation was associated with significantly lower recirculation rates (8.7% [0.0; 12.0]) compared to single lumen dual‐site cannulation (femoro‐jugular: 17.6% [0.0; 25.8]; bifemoral: 27.9% ± 13.4%). In addition, a positive linear correlation was observed between extracorporeal flow and recirculation in all subgroups. Recirculation increased significantly with rising extracorporeal flow in all subgroups.

Conclusion

Recirculation is a common complication in V‐V ECMO and can lead to a reduction of ECMO effectiveness. Particular attention should be paid to optimal positioning of the cannulas in patients with more than one cannula. The ultrasonic indicator dilution method is a simple and quick method for measuring recirculation in V‐V ECMO and can be used at an early stage if effectiveness decreases.
Is ‘me‐time’ selfish?: Daily vitality crossover in dual‐earner couples
Authors: Cho Eunae , Allen Tammy D. , Meier Laurenz L.
Published: January 2025

This multisource daily diary study examined the recovery outcomes of working mothers' time spent for the self (i.e. me‐time) and whether the benefits crossover to their husbands. Drawing on the recovery literature, we hypothesised that working mothers' me‐time positively relates to their vitality. In line with the crossover theory, we expected a positive relationship between mothers' and their husbands' vitality, mediated via hostile marital interaction. Because working mothers commonly associate guilt with spending time for themselves, we further examined whether the benefits of me‐time are qualified by mothers' guilt‐proneness. Data were collected from 79 dyads of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with children at bedtime for two work weeks. As expected, working mothers' me‐time positively related to their own vitality, controlling for their time spent for others. Moreover, mothers' vitality positively related to their husbands' vitality, which was mediated by mothers' hostile marital interaction reported by husbands. Contrary to our expectation, the well‐being benefits of me‐time were similar across working mothers regardless of their guilt‐proneness. Bridging two streams of research on recovery and crossover, this study represents an important contribution to the literature.
Serial Dual Mediating Effects of Self‐Esteem and Peer Support in the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Life Satisfaction Among Refugee Children in Korea
Authors: Cui Lina , Chen Shanshan , Paine Karin Kyung , Nho Choong Rai
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to verify the serial mediating effects of self‐esteem and peer support in the relationship between acculturative stress and life satisfaction of refugee children living in Korea and to explore social work implications for the adaptation and development of refugee children. Primary data from a 2023 study was used, based on 71 research participants (33 boys, 38 girls) included in the analysis. Results of the study are as follows: First, refugee children's acculturative stress had a positive effect on their life satisfaction. Second, self‐esteem and peer support had a serial dual mediating effect on the impact of refugee children's acculturative stress on life satisfaction. Based on these results, social work policy and practice implications were discussed in order to ameliorate acculturative stress and improve self‐esteem and peer support of refugee children living in Korea.
Short‐term evaluation of renal biochemical parameters in dogs completing chemotherapy for lymphoma
Authors: Venman L , Sparks T , Swallow A
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To identify if chemotherapeutic drugs in the CHOP‐based protocol led to an increase in renal parameters in dogs with lymphoma during therapy and investigate whether factors such as prednisolone use or age affected this result.

Methods

Data were obtained retrospectively from private referral practice records of dogs diagnosed with lymphoma receiving a CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol between 2015 and 2019. Dogs included received a CHOP‐based protocol as their first treatment, received four full cycles and were in remission at the end of the protocol. Blood samples obtained at baseline and at the time of final chemotherapy administration were analysed for serum biochemistry and haematology including creatinine, urea, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, total protein, haematocrit, neutrophil and platelet count. Data were analysed using paired t‐tests. Changes in the same measures were investigated for possible age effects using Pearson correlations. Changes in these measures were compared between dogs receiving or not receiving prednisolone using 2‐sample t‐tests without the assumption of equal variances. Changes were jointly compared to both age and prednisolone use in general linear models. Significance was taken as P < 0.05.

Results

Thirty dogs met the inclusion criteria. No significant changes in serum creatinine concentrations were observed. Increased serum albumin concentration at the end of treatment was observed in younger dogs not receiving prednisolone.

Impact/Clinical significance

Short‐term changes in renal parameters following a CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol in dogs were not observed. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Declaration of interest

No funding was received and no conflict of interest to declare.
Factor V Serves as an Early Biomarker for Graft Loss After Liver Transplant: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Gravely Annabel K. , Claasen Marco P. A. W. , Ivanics Tommy , Winter Erin , Peralta Peregrina , Selzner Markus , Sapisochin Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

Background

Low post‐operative day (POD) 1 Factor V has been retrospectively associated with graft loss after liver transplantation when stratified by a cutoff of 0.36 U/mL. We aimed to validate this prospectively.

Methods

Patients transplanted at Toronto General Hospital were recruited (May 2018–March 2021). Factor V measurements were obtained on POD1‐3, 5, and 7. Graft and patient survival at 3, 6, and 12 months were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. We identified an optimal cutoff through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the Youden index. Kaplan–Meier method and Log‐rank tests were used to assess/compare survival.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐nine patients were included. One hundred and eight had Factor V >0.36 and 21 had ≤0.36 U/mL. This cutoff was predictive of 6‐ and 12‐month graft survival and 12‐month patient survival. With an optimal cutoff of 0.46 U/mL on POD1, 87 patients had Factor V >0.46 and 42 had ≤0.46 U/mL. Three‐, 6‐, and 12‐month graft survival rates were 100%, 98.8%, and 98.8%, for patients with Factor V >0.46 U/mL, and 92.9%, 87.7%, and 87.7% for Factor V ≤0.46 U/mL. Similarly, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month patient survival rates were 98.8%, 96.4%, and 95.0% for patients with Factor V >0.46 U/mL, and 92.9%, 88.0%, and 82.9% for Factor V ≤0.46 U/mL. Stratification below the novel cutoff was associated with decreased graft survival at months 3 (p = 0.012), 6 (p = 0.006), and 12 (p = 0.006), and decreased patient survival at 12 months (p = 0.022).

Conclusions

Factor V serves as an early biomarker for graft loss, with an optimal predictive cutoff of 0.46 U/mL in this prospective population. Validation of this new cutoff is necessary.
Prevalence of female hirsutism and PCOS in the United States: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Matthew , Nguyen William , Haq Zaim , Guo William , Briley James
Published: January 2025

Background

Current research on hirsutism reveals disparities and knowledge deficiencies, particularly in underrepresented cohorts. Our objective is to scrutinize demographic variances in hirsutism rates.

Patients and Methods

Using the All of Us database, we conducted a cross‐sectional analysis encompassing 172,401 women. We calculated prevalence rates and odds ratios for hirsutism among all women and those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), examining various epidemiological factors.

Results

Among the sampled women, hirsutism prevalence was 1.37%; in PCOS‐afflicted females, it was 19.12%. Asian and Hispanic women exhibited diminished hirsutism likelihoods, whereas African‐American counterparts showed elevated likelihood. Additionally, females aged 60–74 and 75+ demonstrated reduced hirsutism risks. Higher education and income above $ 50,000 correlated with heightened hirsutism likelihoods. PCOS females had substantially elevated hirsutism probabilities compared to the general female cohort. Within PCOS cohorts, African‐American females had heightened hirsutism rates, while Hispanic females showed lower rates.

Conclusions

In conclusion, hirsutism prevalence is generally low among United States females but markedly higher in PCOS cases. Notably, certain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, both in the general populace and among PCOS patients, exhibit significantly disparate hirsutism rates.
Exploring the Implementation of Cognitive Screening in First‐Episode Psychosis Settings: The CogScreen Implementation Study
Authors: Zbukvic Isabel , Fisher Evangeline , Stainton Alexandra , Bryce Shayden , Kartal Dzenana , Kunin Marina , Nicholas Jennifer , Hamilton Craig , Smith Desiree , Murphy Mackenzie , Llerena Joshua , Unsworth Lee , Cheng Nicholas , Bowden Stephen C. , Chakma Symphony , Clark Scott Richard , Francey Shona , Gao Caroline , Gee Donna , Gelok Elle , Harris Anthony , Hatfield Lilianne , Hopkins Liza , Morell Rachel , O'Halloran Chris , Purdon Scot , Schubert K. Oliver , Scully Alana , Tang Hejun , Thomas Adrian , Thompson Andrew , Uren Jacqueline , Wood Stephen J. , Zhao Wendi , Allott Kelly
Published: January 2025

Aim

Accurate and appropriate cognitive screening can significantly enhance early psychosis care, yet no screening tools have been validated for the early psychosis population and little is known about current screening practices, experiences, or factors that may influence implementation. CogScreen is a hybrid type 1 study aiming to validate two promising screening tools with young people with first episode psychosis (primary aim) and to understand the context for implementing cognitive screening in early psychosis settings (secondary aim). This protocol outlines the implementation study, which aims to explore the current practices, acceptability, feasibility and determinants of cognitive screening in early psychosis settings from the perspective of key stakeholders.

Methods

Young people with first episode psychosis (n = 350), caregivers (minimum n = 10) and service providers (minimum n = 12) will be recruited from primary and specialist early psychosis services in Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney, Australia. Two implementation science frameworks will inform data collection and analysis: the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A mixed‐methods design will be employed to collect and analyse data from questionnaires with young people, interviews with all stakeholder groups, and administrative processes. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data will be analysed through content analysis using deductive and inductive coding.

Results and Discussion

This protocol paper presents the rationale and methods for the CogScreen implementation study.

Conclusion

Together with accuracy findings, results from the implementation study will provide insights about the practices, experiences, enablers and barriers to cognitive screening in early psychosis services.
Contribution of Infrastructural Availability for School Growth and Sustainable Improvement in Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Tororo District
Authors: Charles Muweesi , Athieno Marcellina , Kaweesi Muhamadi , Taddeo Kaahwa Yuda , Mugagga Anthony Muwagga
Published: January 2025

The study sought to establish the contribution of infrastructural availability to school growth and sustainable improvement of academic performance in selected secondary schools in Tororo District. The study employed a qualitative approach, and data were collected from school administrators, the management team and teachers using open‐ended questions based on interviews. Results were analysed thematically and presented verbatively. Findings showed that teaching aids, such as lesson plans, blackboard rulers, chalkboards, and textbooks are available and help improve academic performance, but overcrowded classrooms, poor ventilation and small space compared with the number of learners for a particular class are linked to lower levels of student engagement and learning. Noise levels have a significant impact on both teacher and student performance, and proper levels of natural illumination increase test results and teacher and student moods. Lack of commitment leads to skipping school and failing to complete assessment tasks. It was concluded that the Ugandan government supports the building of classrooms, libraries and laboratories in schools; teaching aids, such as textbooks lesson plans, blackboard rulers and chalkboards, raise teachers' morale to hold classes consistently, which helps schools expand and sustain improvements in academic performance. However, classrooms have poor ventilation and are overcrowded because of large enrolments. It is recommended that the government should improve the school infrastructure by renovating the classrooms, providing desks for children, making supplementary funding available to low‐performing schools and providing teachers with accommodations at schools to check the late coming, early departure and regular absenteeism of teachers on duty.
Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Artificial Intelligence Acceptance and Usage in Research Creativity Scale Among Faculty Members: Insights From the Network Analysis Perspective
Authors: Al‐Rousan Ayoub Hamdan , Ayasrah Mohammad Nayef , Salih Yahya Shimaa Mkhymr , Khasawneh Mohamad Ahmad Saleem
Published: January 2025

The acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic settings, particularly in the context of research creativity, is a growing area of interest. This study aimed to design and validate the AI Acceptance and Research Creativity Scale (AIA&RCS) among faculty members. This exploratory mixed‐method was conducted among 720 faculty members. A literature review and participant interviews were conducted in the qualitative phase to generate and develop items. In the quantitative phase, face validity, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated a 4‐factor model of the scale with ‘perceived usefulness and effectiveness of AI in research creativity’, ‘ethical issues in research’, ‘trusted in AI capabilities’ and ‘willingness to use AI’ accounting for 51.6% of the variance. This arrangement was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with fit indices that were at suitable levels. Then, the network analysis took into account the four‐factor structure of AIA&RCS further. Similarly, the exploratory graph analysis (EGA) indicated the four‐factor configuration of the AIA&RCS. The 25‐item scale is well‐suited for measuring AI acceptance and research innovation among faculty because of its psychometrics.
The Impact of School Service Quality on Student Learning Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Public and Private High Schools in China
Authors: Guo Tao , Li Tianxin , Qi Zhanyong
Published: January 2025

This study examined the relationship between school service quality and student learning satisfaction in public and private high schools in China, considering the influence of students' socioeconomic background and household registration location. A comparative study was conducted using a questionnaire administered to 22,588 students in 20 districts in X City in China. Following the structural equation modelling (SEM), the study found that four factors of school service quality (e.g. reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) positively influenced student learning satisfaction in both public and private high schools. Additionally, measurement invariance was maintained across different school types, socioeconomic background and household registration location, which validates the comparability of data across these diverse groups. Latent mean comparison revealed that students from private high schools and those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds experienced greater satisfaction with school services quality and learning experience than their peers in public schools and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The study emphasised the need for educational policies that address these disparities to improve the quality of education in public schools and support students from less advantaged backgrounds. Such policies are crucial for promoting equitable educational opportunities and enhancing overall student satisfaction.
Telepathy, Other Minds, and Category Errors
Authors: Motta Sébastien
Published: January 2025

In this paper, I explore several issues surrounding what is called “telepathy” in the context of the problem of other minds. I begin with a quick review of the conditions in which this notion arose and the difficulties to which it gave rise upon its introduction. This review will allow me, after having shown that the notion of telepathy provides no path to the problem's solution, to draw a distinction between two discursive levels: an epistemological or ontological level, on the one hand, and a semantic or logical level, on the other. I maintain that it is at the second level that the deepest and most intractable difficulties relating to the “powers of the mind” arise. These difficulties occupy a blind spot in discussions involving the notion of telepathy (Alan Turing will provide a striking illustration of this). Finally, I suggest that this pseudo‐solution (telepathy) is at root a response to a pseudo‐problem—the inaccessibility of other minds—since the difficulties with the intelligibility of telepathy are parallel to those with which the problem of “other minds” is freighted.
Exploring pre‐ and in‐employment experiences of refugees in Germany: A Bourdieusian approach
Authors: Haak‐Saheem Washika , Fontinha Rita , Brewster Chris , Jastram Sarah Margaretha , Ahmady Ahmad Zubair
Published: January 2025

Employment is crucial to the integration of refugees in host countries. Using Bourdieu's theory of practice and data from interviews with refugees, employment agency representatives, and managers, we examine these issues through two complementary studies conducted in Germany. Study I explores how refugees experience the recognition of their academic and professional credentials while seeking employment, Study II examines the question of how various actors, including employment agencies, employers, and colleagues, contribute to the development of relevant cultural capital. Our finding show that refugees' pre‐ and in‐employment experiences are largely shaped by their foreignness and by national institutions' protectionism. Even where foreign qualifications are formally recognized, employers invoke criteria such as the lack of local professional experience. While this research echoes the theory of practice by showing the limited capacity of refugees to access and accumulate capital, our analysis shows that while the collaborative efforts of different actors can provide information and guidance‐related benefits, they offer limited support to refugees to access or utilize forms of capital to advance employment effectively.
Role Incongruity of Women in United States Law Enforcement: A National Survey Exploring Global and Specific Resistance in a Gendered Organization
Authors: Garcia Venessa
Published: January 2025

Since the 1990s, there has been a lot of research on women in policing and resistance to their entry into the field. Much of the research has examined specific resistance (i.e., individualized resistance based on perceived performance), whereas fewer studies today examine global resistance (i.e., resistance to women police in general). Applying role congruity theory, global and specific resistance by men coworkers, administrators, and the public was examined for a national sample of 358 women in United States law enforcement. It was found that women in law enforcement received slightly more global resistance from the public, whereas men coworkers displayed more specific resistance, and specific resistance was more likely to occur in areas related to the perceived ability of women to handle a masculine job. Multivariate analyses revealed that law enforcement remains a gendered organization with continued role incongruity for women.