bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inženiera Jāņa Jagara (1894–1970) profesionālā un sabiedriskā darbība
Authors: Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: October 2021

Pētījums atklāj inženiera Jāņa Jagara (1894–1970) dzimtas un viņa darbības daudzpusību 20. gadsimtā. Viņš studējis Rīgas Politehniskajā institūtā (RPI), Pirmā pasaules kara laikā uzturējies Krievijā. Pēc atgriešanās Latvijā 1919. gada sākumā absolvējis Baltijas Tehnisko augstskolu (BTA), kas bija nodibināta uz RPI bāzes. J. Jagars darbojās Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskajā strādnieku partijā (LSDSP), ar tās atbalstu kļuva par Rīgas pilsētas Būvvaldes vadītāju, pēc Kārļa Ulmaņa (1877–1942) organizētā valsts apvērsuma tika apcie¬tināts, pēc tam – atbrīvots un vadījis inženieru biroju, 1940. gada jūnijā iekļauts Augusta Kirhenšteina (1872–1963) vadītajā valdībā, ieņemot satiksmes ministra amatu. Otrā pasaules kara laikā evakuējies uz Padomju Krieviju. Pēc kara J. Ja¬gars bija Latvijas Valsts universitātes (LVU) docents, strādāja dažādos celtniecī¬bas projektēšanas institūtos.

The research reveals facts about the family of engineer Jānis Jagars (1894– 1970) and the versatility of his work in the 20th century. He studied at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and stayed in Russia during World War I. After returning to Latvia in the beginning of 1919, he graduated from the Baltic Technical University (BTU; Baltische Technische Hochschule, also Baltic Higher Technical School), which was established on the basis of RPI. J. Jagars participated in the activities of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (LSDWP), which supported his becoming the Head of the Riga City Construction Board. After the coup organized by Kārlis Ulmanis (1877–1942) he was arrested, then – released, after which he headed an engineering office. In June 1940, he joined the government headed by Augusts Kirhenšteins (1872–1963), where he held the position of Minister of Transport. He evacuated to the Soviet Russia during World War II. After the war, J. Jagars was an Assistant Professor at the State University of Latvia (SUL) and worked in various construction design institutes.
Dressing Up
Authors: Block Elizabeth L.
Published: October 2021

How wealthy American women—as consumers and as influencers—helped shape French couture of the late nineteenth century; lavishly illustrated.

French fashion of the late nineteenth century is known for its allure, its ineffable chic—think of John Singer Sargent's Madame X and her scandalously slipping strap. For Parisian couturiers and their U.S. customers, it was also serious business. In Dressing Up, Elizabeth Block examines the couturiers' influential clientele—wealthy women in the United States who bolstered the French fashion industry with a steady stream of orders. Countering the usual narrative of the designer as solo creative genius, Block shows that these women—as high-volume customers and as pre-Internet influencers—were active participants in the era's transnational fashion system.

Block describes the arrival of the U. S. nouveaux riches on the French fashion scene, joining European royalty, French socialites, and famous actresses on the client rosters of the best fashion houses—Charles Frederick Worth, Doucet, and Félix, among others. She considers the mutual dependence of couture and coiffure; the participation of couturiers in international expositions (with mixed financial results); the distinctive shopping practices of U.S. women, which ranged from extensive transatlantic travel to quick trips downtown to the department store; the performance of conspicuous consumption at balls and soirées; the impact of U.S. tariffs on the French fashion industry; and the emergence of smuggling, theft, and illicit copying of French fashions in the American market as the middle class emulated the preferences of the wealthy. Lavishly illustrated, with vibrant images of dresses, portraits, and fashion plates, Dressing Up reveals the power of U.S. women in French couture.

Winner of the Aileen Ribeiro Grant of the Association of Dress Historians, an Association for Art History grant, and a Pasold Research Fund grant.
МОНИТОРИНГ ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ORCHIS PURPUREA HUDS. НА ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМОЙ ПРИРОДНОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ «МЫС МАРТЬЯН», "Наука юга России"
Authors: Крайнюк Е.С.
Published: October 2021

Приведены результаты многолетнего мониторинга (1986–2020 гг.) редкого вида Orchis purpurea Huds. на особо охраняемой природной территории «Мыс Мартьян» на Южном берегу Крыма. В Крыму вид охраняется Красными книгами Российской Федерации, Республики Крым и города Севастополь. На изученной территории вид встречается в фитоценозах формации Querceta pubestentis, на высотах 100–200 м н.у.м. Выявлено от двух до семи местонахождений с общей численностью от 32 до 176 особей. Большинство ценопопуляций было малочисленным (от одной до нескольких особей) и не появлялось ежегодно. Стабильными были только три ценопопуляции, сохраняющие место локализации во все годы наблюдений. Площадь ценопопуляций маленькая – 1, 5 и 10 м. Абсолютная численность – 1–14 особей на 1 м (№ 1), 5–15 особей на 5 м (№ 2) и 24–147 на 10 м (№ 3). Плотность колебалась от 2,1 (№ 2) до 6,7 (№ 1) и 8,5 особей на 1 м (№ 3). Распределение особей – контагиозное, что определяется преобладающим вегетативным типом размножения. По классификации А.А. Уранова и О.В. Смирновой ценопопуляции нормальные, неполночленные, с бимодальными возрастными спектрами с двумя максимумами на вегетативных и генеративных особях, молодые или средневозрастные. Сенильные ценопопуляции не выявлены. По классификации «дельта – омега» Л.А. Животовского ценопопуляции оценены как зреющие, зрелые или стареющие. Высокие значения индексов восстановления (1,88–5,24) и замещения (1,9–5,2) свидетельствуют о достаточных возможностях ценопопуляций к самоподдержанию. Мониторинг ценопопуляций редких орхидных – необходимая мера оценки перспектив их устойчивости и сохранения в природных условиях.
ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ МНОГОГРАННОГО НАУЧНО-КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ФТИЗИОПУЛЬМОНОЛОГОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ МОЛДОВА С ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫМ НИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА В ОБЛАСТИ БОРЬБЫ С ЭТИМ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЕМ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследователь
Authors: Болотникова В.А. , Яворский К.М. , Александру С.М. , Тудор Е.М. , Вильк В.В. , Брумару А.Г. , Олейник В.К. , Аксентий Е.И. , Кульчицкая С.С.
Published: October 2021

В рамках международной интеграции в настоящей статье рассмотрены и отражены события и факты из опыта многолетнего плодотворного сотрудничества двух научно-исследовательских центров – ПМСУ «Институт фтизиопульмонологии “Кирилл Драганюк”» (Р. Молдова) и ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» (Россия), их значимость в борьбе с туберкулезом (ТБ) у детей и подростков. Изложены основные проблемы отечественной фтизиатрии детского и подросткового возраста, современные приоритетные направления и инновации в профилактике, диагностике, лечении и реабилитации больных ТБ детей и подростков в Республике Молдова.
Development of Wideband Multi-Channel Receiver for Direction Finding of Communication Signals
Authors: Chang Jaewon , Ahn Junil , Joo Jeungmin , Lee Dongweon
Published: October 2021

In wireless environments, wideband receivers are used in a communication intelligent system to detect unknown signals and obtain azimuth information. To design a wideband receiver that performs multiple signal detection and direction finding simultaneously, it is necessary to consider a reception structure composed of multiple channels. In this paper, we propose a wideband multi-channel receiver for direction finding of unknown wideband communication signals including frequency hopping signals. A signal processing method for detecting received signals and estimating azimuth information is presented, and components of the manufactured wideband receiver are described. In addition, test results of the signal detection performance by mounting the proposed wideband multi-channel receiver on the flight system are included.
Metastatic colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes: prognostic and genetic interactions
Authors: Ottaiano Alessandro , Circelli Luisa , Santorsola Mariachiara , Savarese Giovanni , Fontanella Daniela , Gigantino Valerio , Di Mauro Annabella , Capuozzo Maurizio , Zappavigna Silvia , Lombardi Angela , Perri Francesco , Cascella Marco , Granata Vincenza , Capuozzo Maurizio , Nasti Guglielmo , Caraglia Michele
Published: October 2021

The present study was undertaken to analyze prognostic and genetic interactions between type 2 diabetes and metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients’ survival was depicted through the Kaplan–Meier product limit method. Prognostic factors were examined through the Cox proportional‐hazards regression model, and associations between diabetes and clinical‐pathologic variables were evaluated by the χ2 test. In total, 203 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were enrolled. Lymph nodes (P = 0.0004) and distant organs (> 2 distant sites, P = 0.0451) were more frequently involved in diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes. Diabetes had an independent statistically significant negative prognostic value for survival. Highly selected patients with cancer and/or diabetes as their only illness(es) were divided into three groups: (a) seven oligo‐metastatic patients without diabetes, (b) 10 poly‐metastatic patients without diabetes, and (c) 12 poly‐metastatic diabetic patients. These groups of patients were genetically characterized through the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (San Diego, CA, USA) platform and TruSigt™Oncology 500 kit, focusing on genes involved in diabetes and colorectal cancer. Gene variants associated with diabetes and cancer were more frequent in patients in group 3. We found that type 2 diabetes is a negative prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer. Diabetes‐associated gene variants could concur with malignancy, providing a rational basis for innovative models of tumor progression and therapy.
Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance to LSD1 inhibitors in small cell lung cancer occurs through a TEAD4‐driven transcriptional state
Authors: Yan Wen , Chung Chi‐Yeh , Xie Tao , Ozeck Mark , Nichols Timothy C. , Frey Jessica , Udyavar Akshata R. , Sharma Shikhar , Paul Thomas A.
Published: October 2021

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, consisting of intratumoral and intertumoral neuroendocrine (ASCL1 and/or NEUROD1), mesenchymal‐like, and YAP‐driven transcriptional states. Lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A) inhibitors have recently been progressed to clinical trials in SCLC based on a promising preclinical antitumor activity. A potential clinical limitation of LSD1 inhibitors is the heterogeneous drug responses that have been observed in SCLC cell lines and patient‐derived models. Based on these observations, we studied molecular and transcriptional signatures that predict patient response to this class of drug. Employing SCLC patient‐derived transcriptional signatures, we define that SCLC cell lines sensitive to LSD1 inhibitors are enriched in neuroendocrine transcriptional markers, whereas cell lines enriched in a mesenchymal‐like transcriptional program demonstrate intrinsic resistance to LSD1 inhibitors. We have identified a reversible, adaptive resistance mechanism to LSD1 inhibitors through epigenetic reprogramming to a TEAD4‐driven mesenchymal‐like state. Our data suggest that only a segment of SCLC patients, with a defined neuroendocrine differentiation state, will likely benefit from LSD1 inhibitors. It provides novel evidence for the selection of a TEAD4‐driven mesenchymal‐like subpopulation resistant to LSD1 inhibitors in SCLC patients that may require effective drug combinations to sustain effective clinical responses.
Characterization of Alzheimer's disease‐like neuropathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy using the DBA/2J mdx mouse model
Authors: Hayward Grant C. , Caceres Daniela , Copeland Emily N. , Baranowski Bradley J. , Mohammad Ahmad , Whitley Kennedy C. , Fajardo Val A. , MacPherson Rebecca E. K.
Published: October 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disorder caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. In addition to muscle pathology, some patients with DMD will exhibit cognitive impairments with severity being linked to age and type of genetic mutation. Likewise, some studies have shown that mdx mice display impairments in spatial memory compared with wild‐type (WT) controls, while others have not observed any such effect. Most studies have utilized the traditional C57BL/10 (C57) mdx mouse, which exhibits a mild disease phenotype. Recently, the DBA/2J (D2) mdx mouse has emerged as a more severe and perhaps clinically relevant DMD model; however, studies examining cognitive function in these mice are limited. Thus, in this study we examined cognitive function in age‐matched C57 and D2 mdx mice along with their respective WT controls. Our findings show that 8‐ to 12‐week‐old C57 mdx mice did not display any differences in exploration time when challenged with a novel object recognition test. Conversely, age‐matched D2 mdx mice spent less time exploring objects in total as a well as less time exploring the novel object, suggestive of impaired recognition memory. Biochemical analyses of the D2 mdx brain revealed higher soluble amyloid precursor protein β (APPβ) and APP in the prefrontal cortex of mdx mice compared with WT, and lower soluble APPα in the hippocampus, suggestive of a shift towards amyloidogenesis and a similar pathogenesis to Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the utility of the D2 mdx model in studying cognitive impairment.
Transition Metal Carbides Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Leonard Brian M.
Published: October 2021

Electrochemically splitting water into its two elemental components, hydrogen and oxygen, is being heavily investigated as a path toward renewable energy. Hydrogen has been viewed as an energy carrier which could store wind, solar, and other forms of renewable energy for later use. In order to develop the hydrogen economy, new stable, and economical water splitting catalysts need to be developed. Transition metal carbides (TMC) are robust materials consisting of only metal and carbon atoms. These compounds are electrically conducting, and resistant to degradation in conditions typical of electrochemical water splitting reactions. TMCs have been found to have an electronic structure that is similar to Pt and are being investigated as cost‐effective, stable materials for both hydrogen and oxygen reactions. These TMC catalysts have been modified using several approaches including forming nanoparticles to increase surface area, adding conducting carbon and doped carbon support materials, doping the metal carbide to alter the electronic structure, and creating heterointerfaces with other metals and compounds. Fundamental studies on the nitrogen (N‐doped) carbon composites have shown a significant synergistic effect by modifying the electronic structure and thus the hydrogen binding energy. The nitrogen sites also provide a unique and beneficial binding site for H atoms during the electrochemical process. The most challenging but promising area of study focuses on the combination of TMC compounds with another catalyst material to create optimized interfaces. These heterointerface materials are difficult to probe experimentally and further optimize but with advances in density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, several predictive models have been established. Through these modifications, several catalyst systems have shown catalytic activity and stability that rivals precious metal catalysts at greatly reduced cost. In addition, some of the synthetic methods could be easily scaled for industrial applications. The future of TMC catalysts is extremely promising and with improvements in scalable synthesis methods, activity, and stability, these carbide catalysts will likely be utilized in commercial electrolysis applications.
Low Valent Main Group Compounds in Small Molecule Activation
Authors: Weetman Catherine
Published: October 2021

Since the discovery that main group elements can mimic transition metals, efforts have focussed on harnessing main group elements' abilities to break strong bonds to enable new sustainable methodologies. In this regard, use of small molecules, such as those found in greenhouse gases, is a prime target for incorporation into catalytic cycles to produce value‐added products. Initial challenges in main group chemistry focussed on the ability to isolate these highly reactive low‐oxidation state species, whilst also maintaining the reactive sites. An array of low valent compounds have been successfully isolated (i.e., multiple bonds, tetrylenes, anions, and cations), through careful ligand design, and have challenged traditional bonding models and preconceptions of the main group elements. Current advances have highlighted how reactive these low‐valent sites are with the ability to activate strong bonds, such as those found in small molecules (e.g., H
2
, CO, CO
2
, etc.). This represents the first step in a redox‐based catalytic cycle, as the low‐valent main group center undergoes oxidative addition reactions. Current challenges remain in reductive elimination, and thus functionalization of the small molecule, but examples of low‐valent main group elements in catalysis are starting to emerge and represent a bright future for main group chemistry. This article highlights the achievements of low valent main group elements, with a focus on group 2, 13, and 14 elements, in small molecule activation as well as the fundamental concepts that have aided the development of this rapidly advancing field.
Valence Tautomerism in D‐Block Complexes
Authors: Gransbury Gemma K. , Boskovic Colette
Published: October 2021

The need for both improved energy efficiency of information communication technologies, and increased data storage density to meet the requirements of contemporary society, has enhanced interest in the miniaturization of electronic devices. The ultimate in miniaturization is a single molecule and the possibility of utilizing individual molecules as device components has afforded the scientific field of molecular materials. So‐called “smart” materials respond to an external stimulus and such stimuli‐response can be achieved at the molecular level. Molecular materials that can be switched between forms with different electronic structures in response to an external stimulus offer the possibility of controlled switching between species with different physical and electronic properties, including most obviously, color. The phenomenon of valence tautomerism (VT) involves stimulated intramolecular electron transfer between a redox‐active metal and ligand, sometimes accompanied by a spin transition at the metal center. While best known for cobalt–dioxolene systems, other redox‐active metal and ligand combinations can also display VT. Known since 1980, in recent times, the field of VT has expanded in a range of directions, spanning from enhancing understanding of the fundamental science and development of new examples, to incorporation of VT species into technologically relevant media, including nanoparticles, thin films, and deposition on surfaces. Particularly exciting are developments in the use of density functional theory calculations, which now allow for accurate evaluation of the likelihood and characteristics of potential VT transitions in yet‐to‐be synthesized compounds. This article presents the fundamental aspects of valence tautomerism in d‐block complexes before comprehensibly describing recent developments and possible future implications.
Metal Complexes and Clusters in Single‐Molecule Electronics
Authors: Vezzoli Andrea
Published: October 2021

Single‐molecule electronics has evolved significantly in the past two decades. The first studies that focussed on simple, wire‐like organic compounds have been useful to establish the mechanism of charge transport, but the chemical complexity of the molecular component has been rapidly increased to allow the fabrication of functional devices such as switches and transistors. Organometallic compounds feature prominently in molecular electronics because as they offer, for instance, a straightforward way to impart redox activity and to control on the HOMO–LUMO gap, but they can also be used to study and exploit phenomena unique to the nanoscale world, such as quantum interference and Coulomb blockade effects. This article will present progress in the use of mono‐ and polynuclear (cluster) organometallic molecular wires in single‐molecule junctions, highlighting the breakthrough studies that advanced our understanding of nanoscale charge transport phenomena.
Programmable Zwitterionic Droplets as Biomolecular Sorters and Model of Membraneless Organelles
Authors: Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Paganini Carolina , Kopp Marie R. G. , Linsenmeier Miriam , Küffner Andreas M. , Arosio Paolo
Published: October 2021

Increasing evidence indicates that cells can regulate biochemical functions in time and space by generating membraneless compartments with well‐defined mesoscopic properties. One important mechanism underlying this control is simple coacervation driven by associative disordered proteins that encode multivalent interactions. Inspired by these observations, programmable droplets based on simple coacervation of responsive synthetic polymers that mimic the “stickers‐and‐spacers” architecture of biological disordered proteins are developed. Zwitterionic polymers that undergo an enthalpy‐driven liquid–liquid phase separation process and form liquid droplets that remarkably exclude most molecules are developed. Starting from this reference material, different functional groups in the zwitterionic polymer are progressively added to encode an increasing number of different intermolecular interactions. This strategy allowed the multiple emerging properties of the droplets to be controlled independently, such as stimulus‐responsiveness, polarity, selective uptake of client molecules, fusion times, and miscibility. By exploiting this high programmability, a model of cellular compartmentalization is reproduced and droplets capable of confining different molecules in space without physical barriers are generated. Moreover, these biomolecular sorters are demonstrated to be able to localize, separate, and enable the detection of target molecules even within complex mixtures, opening attractive applications in bioseparation, and diagnostics.
A Single‐Droplet Electricity Generator Achieves an Ultrahigh Output Over 100 V Without Pre‐Charging
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Yahui , Cai Han , Yao Mingfang , Zhang Haodong , Guo Linqi , Lv Zhenjie , Li Mengqiu , Lu Xichi , Ren Chao , Zhang Penglei , Zhang Yanxin , Shi Xian , Ding Guifu , Yao Jinyuan , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2021

The working principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), contact electrification and electrostatic induction, has been used to harvest raindrop energy in recent years. However, the existing research is mainly concentrated on solid–liquid electrification, and adopts traditional electrostatic induction (TEI) for output. As a result, the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEGs) is severely constrained. Therefore, previous studies deem that the DEG output is limited by interfacial effects. This study reveals that this view is inappropriate and, in reality, the output strategy is the key bottleneck restricting the DEG performance. Here, a switch effect based on an electric‐double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) is introduced, and an equivalent circuit model is established to understand its working mechanism. Without pre‐charging, a single droplet can generate high voltage over 100 V and the output is directly improved by two‐orders of magnitude compared with TEI, which is precisely utilizing the interfacial effect. This work provides insightful perspective and lays solid foundation for DEG applications in large scale.
Preparation of Passive Daytime Cooling Fabric with the Synergistic Effect of Radiative Cooling and Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Sun Yilan , Ji Yating , Javed Muhammad , Li Xiaoyan , Fan Zhuizhui , Wang Youquan , Cai Zaisheng , Xu Bi
Published: October 2021

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) has attracted intensive attention due to its great potential in reduced energy consumption. However, the practical application for PDRC is greatly affected by geographical location and the intrinsic cooling power. Herein, a composite flexible fabric with the synergistic effect of evaporative cooling and radiative cooling is reported. A porous polymer coating with both a high solar reflectivity (90%) and a high infrared thermal emissivity (83%) is fabricated on the top side of the fabric, which can achieve effective PDRC performance. Meanwhile, hygroscopic salts are loaded on the bottom side of the fabric, which can capture water vapor at night and realize evaporative cooling during the daytime. The temperature reduction of 10.8 °C can be achieved under the direct sunlight irradiation (465 W m−2) for the prepared fabric in the outdoor experiment. The combination of radiative cooling and evaporative cooling breaks through the traditional single passive cooling mode and has great potential in further improving the performance of passive cooling.
Room Temperature VOCs Sensing with Termination‐Modified Ti3C2Tx MXene for Wearable Exhaled Breath Monitoring
Authors: Li Xin , An Zijian , Lu Yanli , Shan Jianzhen , Xing Huan , Liu Guang , Shi Zhenghan , He Yan , Chen Qingmei , Han Ray P. S. , Wang Di , Jiang Jing , Zhang Fenni , Liu Qingjun
Published: October 2021

Room temperature volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors usually suffer from severe humidity interference and insufficient sensitivity against VOCs, which greatly restricts its practical applications. Herein, the authors simultaneously reduce the hydrophilicity while improving the VOCs sensitivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene by introducing hydrocarbon terminations. The termination‐modified Ti3C2Tx (Ti3C2Tx‐M2) sensor demonstrates fivefold enhancement in ethanol sensitivity at room temperature, while response against water vapor has been reduced by 71% compared with pristine Ti3C2Tx. In addition, the modification also contributes to the arrest of sensor degradation that refines the sensing stability. On this basis, the MXene‐based VOCs sensor is employed for in situ, real‐time monitoring of exhaled ethanol as a proof‐of‐concept by integrating it with a wearable detection tag. Owing to the suppressed humidity interference and amplified VOCs response, the Ti3C2Tx‐M2 sensor could dynamically track the exhaled ethanol variations after alcohol intake. This work not only demonstrates a facile modification strategy to promote the sensitivities of MXene‐based VOCs sensor, but also a promising scheme for facile breath analysis, shedding lights on MXene‐based wearable medical electronics and intelligent healthcare.
Self‐Host Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Character: Multi‐Functional Applications in OLEDs
Authors: Dong Ruizhi , Li Jiuyan , Liu Di , Li Deli , Mei Yongqiang , Ma Mengyao , Jiang Jingyang
Published: October 2021

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials that can exhibit high efficiencies in non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are highly desired. On the base of a reference TADF molecule (4‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone (BP‐DMAC) containing benzoyl/acridine as acceptor/donor, 9‐phenyl‐9H‐3,9“‐bicarbazole (PBCz) is incorporated to the benzoyl side to design and develop a novel emitter, (4‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)phenyl)(9‐phenyl‐9H‐[3,9″‐bicarbazol]‐6‐yl)methanone (PBCz‐BP‐DMAC). The introduction of PBCz unit is proved to endow PBCz‐BP‐DMAC the additional self‐host feature, in addition to its original aggregation‐induced emission and TADF characters. As a result, the non‐doped OLED of PBCz‐BP‐DMAC exhibits sky‐blue emission with remarkable external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.0% and rather low efficiency roll‐off (6%) at a brightness of 1000 cd m−2, while its doped device reveals a maximum EQE of 27.5%; the spectra and color coordinates of the doped and non‐doped devices are almost identical. It also acts as a host to sensitize green iridium phosphor (fac‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium(III), Ir(ppy)3) with high EQE of 23.6%. More fascinatingly, the simplified single‐emitting‐layer all‐TADF white OLED utilizing PBCz‐BP‐DMAC as host emitter in combination with an orange TADF emitter (4CzTPN‐Ph) realizes a state‐of‐the‐art EQE of 20.6%. Evidently PBCz‐BP‐DMAC is one of the best sky‐blue TADF materials and exhibits multi‐functional applications in OLEDs with excellent performance.
Observation of Room‐Temperature Dark Exciton Emission in Nanopatch‐Decorated Monolayer WSe2 on Metal Substrate
Authors: Rahaman Mahfujur , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Pan Yang , Schwartz Rico , Milekhin Ilya , Sharma Apoorva , Salvan Georgeta , Gemming Sibylle , Korn Tobias , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: October 2021

The presence of strong spin–orbit coupling in the valence band and weak spin‐splitting in the conduction band result in the lowest energy exciton in WX2 (X = S, Se) being spin forbidden and optically dark. Because of their long lifetimes, dark excitons are highly attractive for quantum optics and optoelectronic applications. To date, studying dark excitonic emissions is limited to cryogenic temperatures or requires very complex experimental configurations to observe them at room temperature (RT). Here, the radiative decay of dark exciton related emission in WSe2 monolayers is studied using both conventional and tip‐enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) at RT. Monolayer WSe2 flakes are sandwiched between noble metal substrates and polydimethylsiloxane nanopatches providing a strong local electrostatic out‐of‐plane dipole moment with respect to the 2D plane resulting in the observation of dark excitonic emission at RT. The spatial distribution of this dark exciton related emission is studied by TEPL with a spatial resolution of <10 nm confirming the confinement of these excitons within the polydimethylsiloxane nanopatches. The tip‐enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) investigation excludes any local strain induced effects and reveals a direct correlation between dark excitons and defects in WSe2. Finally, removal of the nanopatches led to the recovery of bright excitonic emission in WSe2.
Unconventional Resistive Switching Behavior in Fibroin‐Based Memristor
Authors: Chang Ke , Dong Anhua , Yu Xinna , Liu Binbin , Zhao Xinhui , Wang Renzhi , Gan Zhikai , Jiang Kang'an , Niu Yiru , Dong Xinyuan , Zheng Diyuan , Li Yizhen , Bao Peng , Zhao Zhuyikang , Wang Hui
Published: October 2021

Transient memristor, which can be decomposed in water after completing the designed task, has shown great potentials in data security, implantable medical devices, and eco‐friendly electronics. However, the further development of transient memristors is hindered by lacking practical approaches to deal with the dilemma between stability and degradability of the device. Here, using Ag‐doped fibroin film as a switching medium, an unconventional right‐angled‐like resistive switching behavior is observed. Based on this novel resistive switching characteristic, a high‐performance transient memristor is designed and fabricated. A self‐assembled Ag nanoclusters model is proposed to interpret this unique electron‐transport property. The self‐assembled silver nanoclusters can redistribute the charge flux and lower the potential barrier, leading to novel switching characteristics. Furthermore, the device can work at ultralow operating voltages (0.03 V) over 300 cycles with an extremely high memory window of 107. The experimental findings open up a new path to design high‐performance transient memristors for a safe and reliable data storage system.
Combined UAV‐ and tractor‐based stripe rust monitoring in winter wheat under field conditions
Authors: Dammer Karl‐Heinz , Garz Andreas , Hobart Marius , Schirrmann Michael
Published: October 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to monitor the health status of several crop fields of a farmer in full coverage. For a complete and fast monitoring, however, high flight altitudes are usually needed, especially if large areas should be observed in short time intervals. In this case, the resolution on the ground becomes insufficient to detect specific symptoms of crop diseases because a ground resolution in the submillimeter scale is needed. This study pursued the idea of performing remote UAV imaging to detect discoloration in combination with near‐surface tractor imaging to detect the uredospore layers as characteristic signs of stripe (yellow) rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To simulate healthy and diseased field parts, the 3‐yr experimental design included controlled infected plots and those sprayed with fungicides as healthy controls. Imaging, disease severity, and crop development rating were performed along a time series. Significant differences between infected and control plots occurred in the UAV imagery using the normalized green–red difference index from a median (upper three leaves) infested leaf area of 3% and for the tractor images using the maximally stable extreme regions detector from 3 and 5%, respectively. In the future, it is conceivable that farmers will combine UAV (aerial monitoring of crop damage of complete fields) and tractor (ground monitoring to determine the cause) imaging for automatic scanning of the health status.
Effects of continuous cropping on soil, senescence, and yield of Tartary buckwheat
Authors: Zhang Yu , Guo Rongyu , Li Shihong , Chen Yan , Li Zhendong , He Peiyun , Huang Xiaoyan , Huang Kaifeng
Published: October 2021

The yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) is significantly affected by continuous cropping. This study aimed to clarify the effects of continuous cropping on the growth and yield formation of Tartary buckwheat. Tartary buckwheat cultivar Jinqiao was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different continuous cropping years on the rhizosphere soil, root morphology and physiology, senescence, and yield of Tartary buckwheat. Available nutrients, number of actinomycetes, soil enzyme activities, and contents of total chlorophyll and soluble protein in the leaves of Tartary buckwheat continuously decreased with an increase in continuous cropping years. However, the pH and number of fungi showed a continuous increasing trend. The number of bacteria in rhizosphere soil, root morphological indexes and root activity, and oxidase activity of the leaves initially increased and then decreased. Compared with that of the control, the yield of Tartary buckwheat significantly reduced by 6.36, 24.85, 78.62, and 83.10% with 1, 2, 3, and 4 yr of continuous cropping, respectively. Therefore, continuous cropping reduces the yield of Tartary buckwheat by destroying the microenvironment system of rhizosphere soil, inhibiting the growth and development of the root and shoot systems, and accelerating senescence.
Splenectomy for primary immune thrombocytopenia revisited in the era of thrombopoietin receptor agonists: New insights for an old treatment
Authors: Mageau Arthur , Terriou Louis , Ebbo Mikael , Souchaud‐Debouverie Odile , Orvain Corentin , Graveleau Julie , Lega Jean‐Christophe , Ruivard Marc , Viallard Jean‐François , Cheze Stéphane , Dossier Antoine , Bonnotte Bernard , Perlat Antoinette , Gobert Delphine , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Jeandel Pierre‐Yves , Dernoncourt Amandine , Michel Marc , Godeau Bertrand , Comont Thibault
Published: October 2021

Although splenectomy is still considered the most effective curative treatment for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), its use has significantly declined in the last decade, especially since the approval of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs). The main objective of the study was to determine whether splenectomy was still as effective nowadays, particularly for patients with failure to respond to TPO‐RAs. Our secondary objective was to assess, among patients who relapsed after splenectomy, the pattern of response to treatments used before splenectomy. This multicenter retrospective study involved adults who underwent splenectomy for ITP in France from 2011 to 2020. Response status was defined according to international criteria. We included 185 patients, 100 (54.1%) and 135 (73.0%) patients had received TPO‐RAs and/or rituximab before the splenectomy. The median follow‐up after splenectomy was 39.2 months [16.5–63.0]. Overall, 144 (77.8%) patients had an initial response and 23 (12.4%) experienced relapse during follow‐up, for an overall sustained response of 65.4%, similar to that observed in the pre‐TPO‐RA era. Among patients who received at least one TPO‐RA or rituximab before splenectomy, 92/151 (60.9%) had a sustained response. Six of 13 (46%) patients with previous lack of response to both TPO‐RAs and rituximab had a sustained response to splenectomy. Among patients with relapse after splenectomy, 13/21 (61.2%) patients responded to one TPO‐RAs that failed before splenectomy. In conclusion, splenectomy is still a relevant option for treating adult primary ITP not responding to TPO‐RAs and rituximab. Patients with lack of response or with relapse after splenectomy should be re‐challenged with TPO‐RAs.
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody‐drug conjugates for multiple myeloma: An update
Authors: Lakshman Arjun , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: October 2021

Patients with multiple myeloma who are refractory to currently available effective therapies have short expected survival. Modalities harvesting the knowledge of the immune characteristics and microenvironment of myeloma such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐lymphocytes, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), and antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown potential in early phase trials. Based on data from phase 2 studies, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide cel), an anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen CAR T‐product and belantamab mafodotin (belamaf), an ADC are currently approved in the relapsed/refractory setting. bsAbs have shown promise with quick and deep responses. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on these treatments from clinical trials.
Catalytic Asymmetric Strecker Reaction of Ketoimines with Potassium Cyanide
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Morita Yusuke , Kiyokawa Mari , Hoshino Kimihiro , Ooi Takashi
Published: October 2021

A catalytic asymmetric Strecker reaction of ketoimines with potassium cyanide (KCN) is developed. Control experiments reveal the involvement of a retro‐Strecker reaction, which inevitably decreases the product yield and enantioselectivity. The use of a protic additive in combination with a chiral 1,2,3‐triazolium ion as a catalyst allows for the highly efficient and enantioselective cyanide addition to various ketoimines.
Na2S2O8‐Mediated Tandem One‐Pot Construction of 3,3‐Disubsituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Alkyl Radical Sources
Authors: Yao Zhen , Zhang Xin , Luo Zhenli , Pan Yixiao , Zhao Haoqiang , Li Bohan , Xu Lijin , Shi Qian , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: October 2021

Tandem one‐pot synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted 3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones bearing a quaternary carbon center from readily available 1,2‐diaminobenzenes, α‐ketoesters and 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines mediated by cheap and stable Na2S2O8 has been achieved. This transition‐metal‐free protocol operates under mild thermal conditions, delivers high product yields for a wide variety of substrates and displays good compatibility with diverse functional groups and facile scalability. Choosing a suitable oxidant and an acid additive is very crucial for the success of this transformation. Mechanistic investigations provide evidence for the involvement of a radical chain mechanism.
In Situ Modulation of A‐Site Vacancies in LaMnO3.15 Perovskite for Surface Lattice Oxygen Activation and Boosted Redox Reactions
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Mi Jinxing , Shi Lin , Liu Haiyan , Liu Jun , Ding Yun , Shi Jianqiang , He Minghua , Wang Zisha , Xiong Shangchao , Zhang Qinfang , Liu Yuefeng , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Chen Jianjun , Li Junhua
Published: October 2021

Modulation of A‐site defects is crucial to the redox reactions on ABO3 perovskites for both clean air application and electrochemical energy storage. Herein we report a scalable one‐pot strategy for in situ regulation of La vacancies (VLa) in LaMnO3.15 by simply introducing urea in the traditional citrate process, and further reveal the fundamental relationship between VLa creation and surface lattice oxygen (Olatt) activation. The underlying mechanism is shortened Mn−O bonds, decreased orbital ordering, promoted MnO6 bending vibration and weakened Jahn–Teller distortion, ultimately realizing enhanced Mn‐3d and O‐2p orbital hybridization. The LaMnO3.15 with optimized VLa exhibits order of magnitude increase in toluene oxidation and ca. 0.05 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) increase of half‐wave potential in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The reported strategy can benefit the development of novel defect‐meditated perovskites in both heterocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
Chemoenzymatic conversion of furfural to methyl‐2‐furotate
Authors: Song Miaojia , Lu Jianping , Zhang Yu , Sun Yongming , Yuan Zhenhong , Wang Zhongming
Published: October 2021

Furfural (FF) is an important bio‐based platform compound derived from lignocellulose. It can be converted into many industrially valuable chemicals, a typical one being methyl‐2‐furoate (MF). At present, MF production depends largely on vigorous one‐step chemical catalysis (oxidative esterification), in which expensive catalysts (precious metals) and a high temperature (60–120 °C) are required. To reduce the costs of this procedure, a mild, green, and cheap chemoenzymatic process is proposed where FF is initially chemically oxidized to furoic acid (FA), and then FA is enzymatically esterified to MF. Neither step requires an expensive catalyst, and both occur at low temperatures (30–50 °C). For the chemical oxidation process, the optimized FA yield of 83.7% was obtained at 40 °C with an FF/BTIC (1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) imidazolium chloride) molar ratio of 0.18, 10 mL N‐methyl pyrrolidone, and 0.1 MPa oxygen pressure. For the enzymatic esterification, the optimized MF yield reached 80.6% at 50 °C with 50 mg•mL−1 enzyme loading and an alcohol/acid ratio of 7:1. Kinetic studies demonstrated the oxidation to be a sixth‐order reaction, and the esterification to be an endothermic reaction. For both oxidation and esterification reactions, the relationship between the rate constant and temperature agreed well with the Arrhenius equation. For esterification, the relationship between the equilibrium constant and the temperature also agreed with the Van't Hoff equation. A 67.5% MF yield was obtained when sequential oxidation and esterification were initiated from FF. The development of chemoenzymatic processes for MF production from FF is effective and has potential value in decreasing the production cost of MF. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Hyperthermia ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization versus monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Qiang , Wang Xiaohu , Chen Weiqiang , Jin Xiaodong , Liu Xinguo , Ye Fei , Dai Zhongying , Zheng Xiaogang , Li Ping , Sun Chao , Liu Xiongxiong , Zhang Qiuning , Luo Hongtao , Liu Ruifeng
Published: October 2021

Background and aims

The existing evidence has indicated that hyperthermia ablation (HA) and HA combined with transarterial chemoembolization (HATACE) are the optimal alternative to surgical resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the COVID‐19 crisis. However, the evidence for decision‐making is lacking in terms of comparison between HA and HATACE. Herein, a comprehensive evaluation was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of HATACE with monotherapy.

Materials and Methods

Worldwide studies were collected to evaluate the HATACE regimen for HCC due to the practical need for global extrapolation of applicative population. Meta‐analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.3 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Results

Thirty‐six studies involving a large sample of 5036 patients were included finally. Compared with HA alone, HATACE produced the advantage of 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate (OR:1.90; 95%CI:1.46,2.46; p < 0.05) without increasing toxicity (p ≥ 0.05). Compared with TACE alone, HATACE was associated with superior 5‐year OS rate (OR:3.54; 95%CI:1.96,6.37; p < 0.05) and significantly reduced the incidences of severe liver damage (OR:0.32; 95%CI:0.11,0.96; p < 0.05) and ascites (OR:0.42; 95%CI:0.20,0.88; p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis results of small (≤3 cm) HCC revealed that there were no significant differences between the HATACE group and HA monotherapy group in regard to the OS rates (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions

Compared with TACE alone, HATACE was more effective and safe for HCC. Compared with HA alone, HATACE was more effective for non‐small‐sized (>3 cm) HCC with comparable safety. However, the survival benefit of adjuvant TACE in HATACE regimen was not found for the patients with small (≤3 cm) HCC.
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide Dimers from Goji Berry and Their Potential Anti‐AD Activity
Authors: Chai Tian , Zhang Wen‐Han , Jiao Hui , Qiang Yin
Published: October 2021

Three undescribed hydroxycinnamic acid amide dimers 1–3 were isolated and identified from an extract of Goji berry. Their molecular structures were elucidated based on NMR, MS, and IR spectra analysis. Compounds 1–3 were hydroxycinnamic acid amide dimers, which possess a cyclic butane moiety formed by head‐to‐head connection. These compounds at 25 μM showed the disaggregation potency on the copper‐mediated Aβ1‐42 aggregation ranging from 27.3±3.2 to 31.0±2.9 %. This study provides new information on the antiaging traditional usage of goji berry.
Synthetic Aurones: New Features forSchistosoma mansoniTherapy
Authors: Silva Torres Daniel , Alves de Oliveira Bruna , Souza d Silveira Lígia , Paulo da Silva Marcos , Rodrigues Durães Pereira Vinícius , Moraes Josué , Rúbia Costa Couri Mara , Fortini Grenfell e Queiroz Rafaella , Martins Parreiras Patrícia , Roberto Silva Márcio , Azevedo Alves Lara , Carius de Souza Vinícius , Vanessa Zabala Capriles Goliatt Priscila , Gomes Vasconcelos Eveline , Alves da Silva Filho Ademar , de Faria Pinto Priscila
Published: October 2021

In this work, two synthetic aurones revealed moderate schistosomicidal potential inin vitroandin vivoassays. Aurones (1) and (2) promoted changes in tegument integrity and motor activity, leading to death of adultSchistosoma mansoniworms inin vitroassays. When administered orally (two doses of 50 mg/kg) in experimentally infected animals, synthetic aurones (1) and (2) promoted reductions of 56.20 % and 57.61 % of the parasite load and stimulated the displacement towards the liver of the remaining adult worms. The oogram analysis revealed that the treatment with both aurones interferes with the egg development kinetics in the intestinal tissue. Seeking an action target for compounds (1) and (2), the connection with NTPDases enzymes, recognized as important therapeutic targets forS. mansoni, was evaluated. Molecular docking studies have shown promising results. The dataset reveals the anthelmintic character of these compounds, which can be used in the development of new therapies for schistosomiasis.
Catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from kissing papillary muscles
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Akrawinthawong Krittapoom
Published: October 2021

Very thick left ventricular papillary muscles (PAMs) may kiss each other and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can originate from the sides of the PAMs facing each other. In such a setting, mapping of those PVCs is confusing and rendering catheter ablation challenging.