bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Contact Angle and Surface Energy of Co60Fe20B20Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang S. K. , Chen Yuan-Tsung , Jian S. R.
Published: November 2011

This study examined the deposition of CoFeB thin films on a glass substrate at room temperature (RT), as well as the effects of conducting postannealing at heat annealingTA=150°C for 1 h. The thickness (tf) of the CoFeB thin films ranged from 100 Å to 500 Å. The microstructure, average contact angle, and surface energy properties were also investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that CoFeB films are nanocrystalline at RT and that post-annealing treatment increases in conjunction with the crystallinity. The surface energy of the CoFeB thin films is related to adhesive strength. The CoFeB films form a contact angle of larger than90∘with water as a test liquid. This finding demonstrates that the CoFeB film is hydrophobic. Astfincreases from 100 Å to 500 Å, the surface energy at RT decreases from 40 mJ/mm2to 32 mJ/mm2. During post-annealing treatment, the surface energy increases from 32 mJ/mm2to 35 mJ/mm2, astfincreases from 100 Å to 300 Å; then it decreases to 31 mJ/mm2, astfincreases from 300 Å to 500 Å. The surface energy of the as-deposited CoFeB thin films exceeds that during post-annealing treatment at thicknesses of 100 Å and 200 Å, suggesting that as-deposited CoFeB thin film increases the adhesion.
Patients with Multiple Myeloma Develop SOX2-Specific Autoantibodies after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kobold Sebastian , Tams Sinje , Luetkens Tim , Cao Yanran , Sezer Orhan , Bartels Britta Marlen , Reinhard Henrike , Templin Julia , Bartels Katrin , Hildebrandt York , Lajmi Nesrine , Marx Andreas , Haag Friedrich , Bokemeyer Carsten , Kröger Nicolaus , Atanackovic Djordje
Published: November 2011

The occurrence of SOX2-specific autoantibodies seems to be associated with an improved prognosis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, it is unclear if SOX2-specific antibodies also develop in established multiple myeloma (MM). Screening 1094 peripheral blood (PB) sera from 196 MM patients and 100 PB sera from healthy donors, we detected SOX2-specific autoantibodies in 7.7% and 2.0% of patients and donors, respectively. We identified SOX2211–230as an immunodominant antibody-epitope within the full protein sequence. SOX2 antigen was expressed in most healthy tissues and its expression did not correlate with the number of BM-resident plasma cells. Accordingly, anti-SOX2 immunity was not related to SOX2 expression levels or tumor burden in the patients’ BM. The only clinical factor predicting the development of anti-SOX2 immunity was application of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Anti-SOX2 antibodies occurred more frequently in patients who had received alloSCT (n=74). Moreover, most SOX2-seropositive patients had only developed antibodies after alloSCT. This finding indicates that alloSCT is able to break tolerance towards this commonly expressed antigen. The questions whether SOX2-specific autoantibodies merely represent an epiphenomenon, are related to graft-versus-host effects or participate in the immune control of myeloma needs to be answered in prospective studies.
Clostridium difficileInfection and Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Hospitalized Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Pohl John F. , Patel Raza , Zobell Jeffery T. , Lin Ellen , Korgenski E. Kent , Crowell Kody , MacKay Mark W. , Richman Aleesha , Larsen Christian , Chatfield Barbara A.
Published: November 2011

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) often take proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which helps improve efficacy of fat absorption with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. However, PPI use is known to be associated withClostridium difficile-(C. diff-) associated diarrhea (CDAD). We retrospectively evaluated the incidence ofC. diffinfection from all pediatric hospital admissions over a 5-year period at a single tertiary children's hospital. We found significantly moreC. diff-positive stool tests in hospitalized patients with CF compared to patients with no diagnosis of CF. However, use of a PPI was not associated with an increased risk of CDAD in hospitalized CF patients. In summary,C. diffinfection is more common in hospitalized pediatric CF patients although PPI use may not be a risk factor for CDAD development in this patient population.
Arsenic Exposure and the Induction of Human Cancers
Authors: Martinez Victor D. , Vucic Emily A. , Becker-Santos Daiana D. , Gil Lionel , Lam Wan L.
Published: November 2011

Arsenic is a metalloid, that is, considered to be a human carcinogen. Millions of individuals worldwide are chronically exposed through drinking water, with consequences ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies, such as skin and lung cancer. Despite well-known arsenic-related health effects, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood; however, the arsenic biotransformation process, which includes methylation changes, is thought to play a key role. This paper explores the relationship of arsenic exposure with cancer development and summarizes current knowledge of the potential mechanisms that may contribute to the neoplastic processes observed in arsenic exposed human populations.
Removal of Gutta-Percha/Zinc-Oxide-Eugenol Sealer or Gutta-Percha/Epoxy Resin Sealer from Severely Curved Canals: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Reddy Santhoshini , Neelakantan Prasanna , Saghiri Mohammad Ali , Lotfi Mehrdad , Subbarao Chandragiri Venkata , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Gutmann James L.
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the cleanliness of root canal walls after retreatment using two rotary retreatment files to hand instruments in severely curved canals obturated with gutta-percha and two different sealers. Single rooted mandibular premolars (n=90) with root curvatures were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin (Group 1,n=45) or zinc oxide eugenol sealer (Group 2,n=45). Following retreatment of the specimens (n=15ProTaper Universal Retreatment Files (Subgroup B) or R-Endo retreatment files (Subgroup C) after 1 month, split specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and the percentage of remaining root filling material was statistically compared using one way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons (P=0.05). The R-Endo system performed significantly better than the other two file systems (P<0.05). None of the systems used in this study cleaned root canals thoroughly. The R-Endo system did provide cleaner walls when compared to the other instruments used. The type of root filling materials had an impact on the outcomes with all techniques.
Cardiac Function in 7-8-Year-Old Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rijpert Maarten , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , Evers Inge M. , de Valk Harold W. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Meijboom Folkert J. , Visser Gerard H. A.
Published: November 2011

Offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers (ODMs) are at risk of short-term and long-term complications, such as neonatal macrosomia (birth weight >90th percentile), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cardiovascular morbidity in later life. However, no studies have been performed regarding cardiac outcome. In this study, we investigated cardiac dimensions and function in 30 ODMs at 7-8 years of age in relation to neonatal macrosomia and maternal glycemic control during pregnancy and compared these with those in a control group of 30 children of nondiabetic women. We found that cardiac dimensions and systolic and diastolic function parameters in ODMs were comparable with those in controls. Neonatal macrosomia and poorer maternal glycemic control during pregnancy were not related to worse cardiac outcome in ODM. We conclude that cardiac function at 7-8 years of age in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes is reassuring and comparable with that in controls.
On Spectrum of the Laplacian in a Circle Perforated along the Boundary: Application to a Friedrichs‐Type Inequality
Authors: Chechkin G. A. , Koroleva Yu. O. , Persson L.-E. , Wall P.
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we construct and verify the asymptotic expansion for the spectrum of a boundary‐value problem in a unit circle periodically perforated along the boundary. It is assumed that the size of perforation and the distance to the boundary of the circle are of the same smallness. As an application of the obtained results, the asymptotic behavior of the best constant in a Friedrichs‐type inequality is investigated.
Muscle Plasticity and β2‐Adrenergic Receptors: Adaptive Responses of β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Expression to Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy
Authors: Sato Shogo , Shirato Ken , Tachiyashiki Kaoru , Imaizumi Kazuhiko
Published: November 2011

We discuss the functional roles of β2‐adrenergic receptors in skeletal
muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as
the adaptive responses of β2‐adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions. β2‐Adrenergic receptor stimulation using
anabolic drugs increases muscle mass by promoting
muscle protein synthesis and/or attenuating
protein degradation. These effects are prevented
by the downregulation of the receptor. Endurance
training improves oxidative performance partly
by increasing β2‐adrenergic receptor density in
exercise‐recruited slow‐twitch muscles. However,
excessive stimulation of β2‐adrenergic receptors negates their beneficial effects. Although the preventive effects of β2‐adrenergic receptor stimulation on
atrophy induced by muscle disuse and catabolic
hormones or drugs are observed, these catabolic
conditions decrease β2‐adrenergic receptor expression in
slow‐twitch muscles. These findings present
evidence against the use of β2‐adrenergic agonists in therapy for muscle wasting and weakness. Thus, β2‐adrenergic receptors in the skeletal
muscles play an important physiological role in
the regulation of protein and energy balance.
Preparation of TiO2-Fullerene Composites and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light
Authors: Katsumata Ken-ichi , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Okada Kiyoshi
Published: November 2011

The development of visible light-sensitive photocatalytic materials is being investigated. In this study, the anatase and rutile-C60composites were prepared by solution process. The characterization of the samples was conducted by using XRD, UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman, and TEM. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the decolorization of the methylene blue. From the results of the Raman, FT-IR, and XRD, the existence of the C60was confirmed in the samples. The C60was modified on the anatase or rutile particle as a cluster. The C60didn't have the photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light. The anatase and rutile-C60composites exhibited lower photocatalytic activity than the anatase and rutile under UV light. The anatase-C60exhibited also lower activity than the anatase under visible light. On the other hand, the rutile-C60exhibited higher activity than the rutile under visible light. It is considered that the photogenerated electrons can transfer from the C60to the rutile under visible light irradiation.
Ink-Jet Printing: Perfect Tool for Cantilever Array Sensor Preparation for Microbial Growth Detection
Authors: Lukacs G. , Maloney N. , Hegner M.
Published: November 2011

The use of microcantilever arrays for microbial growth detection provides a rapid and reliable technique for monitoring growth in industrial and clinical applications. Improving the reproducibility and sensitivity of this technique is of great importance. Ink-jet printing has been successfully used in microfabrication and biofabrication due to its high precision; however, only a few microbe-based applications have been reported. Here we demonstrate the advantages of its use for microcantilever based-growth sensing. Four microbial strainsEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureussubsp.aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andCandida albicanswere deposited and successfully grown on agarose-coated cantilevers by ink-jet printing. When compared to the capillary-coating method, ink-jet printing demonstrated more controlled cell deposition on cantilevers. The effect of various conditions on cell morphology was also investigated.
Mass Mixing Effect and Oblique Radiative Corrections in ExtendedSU(2)R×SU(2)L×U(1)Effective Theory
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: November 2011

We analyze the properties of electroweak chiral effective Lagrangian with an extendedSU(2)Rgauge group. Right-handedSU(2)Rgauge bosons affect electroweak observables by mixing with electroweak gauge bosonsWL,μandBμ. We discuss all possible mass mixing terms and calculate the exact physical mass eigenvalues by diagonalization of mixing matrix without any approximate assumptions. The contributions to oblique radiative corrections parameters STU fromSU(2)Rfields are also presented.
Association of the von Hippel–Lindau Protein with AUF1 and Posttranscriptional Regulation of VEGFA mRNA
Authors: Xin Hong , Brown Julie A. , Gong Changning , Fan Hao , Brewer Gary , Gnarra James R.
Published: November 2011

The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene product is the recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is inactivated in patients with VHL disease and in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC). pVHL controls oxygen-responsive gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The VEGFA mRNA contains AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3′–untranslated region, and mRNA stability or decay is determined through ARE-associated RNA-binding factors. We show here that levels of the ARE-binding factor, AUF1, are regulated by pVHL and by hypoxia. pVHL and AUF1 stably associate with each other in cells and AUF1 is a ubiquitylation target of pVHL. AUF1 and another RNA-binding protein, HuR, bind to VEGFA ARE RNA. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) immunoprecipitations showed that pVHL associates indirectly with VEGFA mRNA through AUF1 and/or HuR, and this complex is associated with VEGFA mRNA decay under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxic conditions pVHL is downregulated, whereas AUF1 and HuR binding to VEGF mRNA is maintained, and this complex is associated with stabilized mRNA. These studies suggest that AUF1 and HuR bind to VEGFA ARE RNA under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and that a pVHL–RNP complex determines VEGFA mRNA decay. These studies further implicate the ubiquitin–proteasome system in ARE-mediated RNA degradation. Mol Cancer Res; 10(1); 108–20. ©2011 AACR.
N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea Induces Premalignant Squamous Dysplasia in Mice
Authors: Hudish Tyler M. , Opincariu Laura I. , Mozer Anthony B. , Johnson Micah S. , Cleaver Timothy G. , Malkoski Stephen P. , Merrick Daniel T. , Keith Robert L.
Published: November 2011

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and premalignant endobronchial lesions have been difficult to study in murine models. In this study, we evaluate the topical N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU) murine SCC model, determine the extent to which resulting premalignant airway dysplasia develops, discuss clinicopathologic grading criteria in lesion progression, and confirm that immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns are consistent with those observed in human endobronchial dysplasia and SCC. Male and female FVB mice were treated biweekly with topical NTCU (4, 8, or 40 mmol/L) or vehicle for 32 weeks. Following sacrifice, squamous cell lesions were enumerated and categorized into the following groups: flat atypia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and invasive SCC. The 40 mmol/L NTCU concentration produced the entire spectrum of premalignant dysplasias and squamous cell carcinomas, but was associated with poor survival. Concentrations of 4 and 8 mmol/L NTCU were better tolerated and produced only significant levels of flat atypia. Squamous origin of the range of observed lesions was confirmed with IHC staining for cytokeratin 5/6, p63, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and Napsin-A. This study shows that topical application of high-dose NTCU produces endobronchial premalignant lesions with classic squamous characteristics and should allow for improved preclinical evaluation of potential chemopreventive agents. Cancer Prev Res; 5(2); 283–9. ©2011 AACR.
Circulation: Heart Failure's
Editors' Picks: Most Important Papers in Epidemiology and Outcomes
Authors:   The Editors
Published: November 2011

The following are highlights from the new series,
Circulation: Heart Failure
Topic Review. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, which have published in the
Circulation
portfolio. The objective of this new series is to provide our readership with a timely and comprehensive selection of important papers that are relevant to the heart failure audience, covering a variety of areas within the heart failure field. The studies included in this article represent the most noteworthy research in the areas of epidemiology and outcomes.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α Limits Ischemic Injury, Cardiac Rupture, Post–Myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Death
Authors: Lal Hind , Zhou Jibin , Ahmad Firdos , Zaka Raihana , Vagnozzi Ronald J. , DeCaul Morgan , Woodgett James , Gao Erhe , Force Thomas
Published: November 2011

Background—

The molecular pathways that regulate the extent of ischemic injury and post–myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling are not well understood. We recently demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) is critical to the heart's response to pressure overload. However, the role, if any, of GSK-3α in regulating ischemic injury and its consequences is not known.

Methods and Results—

MI was induced in wild-type (WT) versus GSK-3α
(−/−)
(KO) littermates by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Pre-MI, WT, and KO hearts had comparable chamber dimensions and ventricular function, but as early as 1 week post-MI, KO mice had significantly more left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction than WT mice. KO mice also had increased mortality during the first 10 days post-MI (43% versus 22%;
P
=0.04), and postmortem examination confirmed cardiac rupture as the cause of most of the deaths. In the mice that survived the first 10 days, left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction remained worse in the KO mice throughout the study (8 weeks). Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure were all increased in the KO mice. Given the early deaths due to rupture and the significant reduction in left ventricular function evident as early as 1 week post-MI, we examined infarct size following a 48-hour coronary artery ligation and found it to be increased in the KO mice. This was accompanied by increased apoptosis in the border zone of the MI. This increased susceptibility to ischemic injury–induced apoptosis was also seen in cardiomyocytes isolated from the KO mice that were exposed to hypoxia. Finally, Bax translocation to the mitochondria and cytochrome C release into the cytosol were increased in the KO mice.

Conclusion—

GSK-3α confers resistance to ischemic injury, at least in part, via limiting apoptosis. Loss of GSK-3α promotes ischemic injury, increases risk of cardiac rupture, accentuates post-MI remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction, and increases the progression to heart failure. These findings are in striking contrast to multiple previous reports in which deletion or inhibition of GSK-3β is protective.
The Occupational Aspirations and Expectations of College Students Majoring in Jazz Studies
Authors: Devroop Karendra
Published: November 2011

This study was designed to investigate the occupational aspirations and occupational expectations of college students majoring in jazz studies in the United States. Participants included the population of jazz studies majors ( N = 211) at a large mid-southern university known for its prestigious and internationally recognized jazz program. A response rate of 85% was obtained. Occupational aspirations and occupational expectations were measured on the Jazz Occupational Prestige Index. Results indicated that students aspired to more prestigious occupations but expected to be employed in occupations less prestigious when considering the realities of the job market. A small percentage of students (4.7%) aspired to teach while a higher percentage (15.8%) expected to be engaged in teaching as a profession. The analysis of relationships between variables revealed a low positive relationship between occupational aspiration and support from significant others. All other relationships were negligible.
Distributed Practice and Procedural Memory Consolidation in Musicians’ Skill Learning
Authors: Simmons Amy L.
Published: November 2011

This research was designed to determine whether musicians’ learning is affected by the time intervals interposed between practice sessions. Twenty-nine non-pianist musicians learned a 9-note sequence on a piano keyboard in three practice sessions that were separated by 5 min, 6 hr, or 24 hr. Significant improvements in performance accuracy were observed in Session 2 only in the group whose sessions were separated by 24 hr. There were significant increases in performance speed in Session 2 in all three practice conditions, results which likely were attributable to the inclusion of all Session 1 data in the analysis. Additional significant speed increases were observed in Session 3 only in the groups whose sessions were separated by 6 and 24 hr. These results suggest that sleep-based procedural memory consolidation may enhance performance accuracy in music skill learning, whereas enhancements in performance speed may be attributable to both wake- and sleep-based consolidation processes.
Vulcanization behavior of NBR with organically modified clay
Authors: de Sousa Fabiula D. B. , Scuracchio Carlos H.
Published: November 2011

The rheometric measurements were used to study the kinetics of vulcanization of the nanocomposites nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/organically modified montmorillonite in different concentrations. The presence of clay has modified the rheometric properties of rubber. However the Ea values were not significantly modified with the presence of nanofiller.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Reverse Coracoacromial Ligament Reconstruction for Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
Authors: Shu Beatrice , Johnston Tyler , Lindsey Derek P. , McAdams Timothy R.
Published: November 2011

Background: Enhancing anterior-posterior (AP) stability in acromioclavicular (AC) reconstruction may be advantageous.

Purpose: To compare the initial stability of AC reconstructions with and without augmentation by either (1) a novel “reverse” coracoacromial (CA) ligament transfer or (2) an intramedullary AC tendon graft.

Hypothesis: Reverse CA transfer will improve AP stability compared with isolated coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Six matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders underwent distal clavicle resection and CC reconstruction. Displacement (mm) was measured during cyclic loading along AP (±25 N) and superior-inferior (SI; 10-N compression, 70-N tension) axes. Pairs were randomized to receive each augmentation and the same loading protocol applied.

Results: Reverse CA transfer (3.71 ± 1.3 mm, standard error of the mean [SEM]; P = .03) and intramedullary graft (3.41 ± 1.1 mm; P = .03) decreased AP translation compared with CC reconstruction alone. The SI displacement did not differ. Equivalence tests suggest no difference between augmentations in AP or SI restraint.

Conclusion: Addition of either reverse CA transfer or intramedullary graft demonstrates improved AP restraint and provides similar SI stability compared with isolated CC reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance: Reverse CA ligament transfer may be a reasonable alternative to a free tendon graft to augment AP restraint in AC reconstruction.
Evaluation of biological activity of bone morphogenetic proteins on exposure to commonly used electrospinning solvents
Authors: Madurantakam Parthasarathy A , Rodriguez Isaac A , Beckman Matthew J , Simpson David G , Bowlin Gary L
Published: November 2011

Bone tissue engineering is one of the emerging strategies for developing functionally viable bone substitutes. The recent trend in bone tissue engineering is to combine the benefits of a three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold with biologically active molecules and responsive stem cells. Electrospinning is the most versatile of the scaffold fabrication strategies and may involve the use of an organic solvent at one stage or another. In spite of all distinct advantages of electrospinning, valid concerns about potentially denaturing interactions between the organic solvent and the biomolecules exist. Efforts are ongoing to incorporate osteoinductive molecules, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), during the electrospinning process. The challenge lies in ensuring that the biological activity of these incorporated molecules survives the process. This study was specifically designed to investigate the effects of exposure to commonly used organic solvents on heterodimeric BMP-2/7 using slot-blot assay quantified by infrared imaging and on embryonic myoblasts stably transfected with BMP-specific response element linked to a luciferase reporter – C2C12BRA. Overall, the biological activity of these molecules significantly decreased when exposed to organic solvents but can be restored to their original values by increasing the polarity of the solvent. It was found that an aqueous buffer can effectively overcome the deleterious effects of organic solvents on BMPs, thus generating osteoinductive bone scaffolds.
Bone substitute materials delivering zoledronic acid: Physicochemical characterization, drug load, and release properties
Authors: Sörensen Torben C , Arnoldi Jörg , Procter Philip , Robioneck Bernd , Steckel Hartwig
Published: November 2011

Calcium phosphate-like bone substitute materials have a long history of successful orthopedic applications such as bone void filling and augmentation. Based on the clinical indications, these materials may be loaded with active agents by adsorption offering a perspective for providing innovative drug-delivery systems. The highly effective bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) demonstrated a strong affinity to biominerals and is known to significantly reduce osteoclastic activity. Support of early bone formation and reduction of bone resorption can be promoted after implantation of bioceramics releasing ZOL. The aim of this study was to develop an easy to handle approach to combine ZOL with bone substitutes by use of a dipping technique. The properties of three different materials were investigated by using a number of physicochemical methods such as light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), true density, and surface area measurement to evaluate the feasibility of being potential drug carriers. Besides physicochemical characterization, the bone substitutes were evaluated by their ZOL-loading capacity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the materials were assessed as release systems in an in vitro study. Acontrolled ZOL load in a range of 0.04–1.86 µg/mg material and a release of 0.02–0.18 µg/mg within 30 min is demonstrated. The findings support using the investigated bioceramics as carrier systems to release ZOL. Overall, the results create the base for further development of drug-delivery systems with controlled drug loading and prolonged release and need to be further analyzed in an in vivo study.
From Ars Moriendi to Assisted Suicide: Bonhoefferian Explorations into Cultures of Death and Dying
Authors: Wannenwetsch Bernd
Published: November 2011

The essay is intended to shed light on the back-stage of contemporary debates about death and the dying, and more specifically on newer trends that emphasise the importance of ‘dying well’ and the moral viability of a ‘good death’. It raises the question as to whether there is a hidden conceptual link between the high medieval tradition of ars moriendi and the modern trend towards embracing (assisted) suicide as a final expression of human autonomy and suggests that this link becomes visible only when death is theologically understood in a twofold way: according to its spiritual side on the one hand, and according to its physical on the other. Drawing inspiration from Bonhoeffer’s exposition of the biblical myth of the Fall and his insights into the link between thanatos and techne, the essay suggests that the compulsive fashion in which modern societies tend to shy away from any contact with the dying that is not mediated by technology or bureaucracy is owed to their refusal to acknowledge the dual character of death, as it is open to theological analysis.
What is Orthodox Christian Medicine?
Authors: Nedostup Alexander
Published: November 2011

The term ‘Orthodox Christian medicine’ has become so customary among believers in Russia that the concept behind it is rarely questioned. However, it is worth articulating both for the sake of the profession and for the benefit of patients whether such a phrase is at all meaningful and if so what exactly it stands for. The following analysis, based on a public lecture, draws on the personal experience and reflections of a practicing GP and cardiologist who is also the Chairman of the Society of Orthodox Christian Physicians of Russia.
Finite element analysis of railway disc brake considering structural, thermal, and wear phenomena
Authors: Olshevskiy Alexander , Olshevskiy Alexey , Berdnikov Oleg , Kim Chang-Wan
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this research is to identify the thermomechanical factors to be considered in simulation of the braking process, calculation of the distribution of the contact pressure, and temperature and obtain wear patterns for the disc brake system in operation. The factors affecting the temperature distribution and stress–strain state of disc brakes in railway vehicles are analyzed. The mutual influence of the thermal problem and contact problem was considered. The results of the numerical simulations for the finite element models can be used in optimizing the disc brake design in order to reduce wear and provide higher reliability of the braking system.
Influence of Spousal Education on Partner’s Self-Rated Health
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Hua , Zhao Fang , Luo Jianfeng , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: November 2011

The effect of individual educational attainment on health has been extensively documented in western countries, whereas empirical evidence of education spillover effects in marital dyads is scarce and inconsistent. A total of 2764 individuals (or 1382 marital dyads) were surveyed in the Shanghai Healthy City Project 2008. Logistic regression models were used for analysis, and all analyses were stratified by gender. Significant protective associations were observed in univariate models linking general health status to the individual’s own educational attainment and to their partner’s educational level. After controlling for presence of chronic conditions, lifestyle factors, and social support, these associations were attenuated. The authors found a gender difference in the association of spouse’s educational attainment with self-rated health. The influence of education on health may be partly mediated by lifestyle and other factors.
Pandemic Influenza and Health System Resource Gaps in Bali
Authors: Adisasmito Wiku , Hunter Benjamin M. , Krumkamp Ralf , Latief Kamal , Rudge James W. , Hanvoravongchai Piya , Coker Richard J.
Published: November 2011

The failure to contain pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 in Mexico has shifted global attention from containment to mitigation. Limited surveillance and reporting have, however, prevented detailed assessment of mitigation during the pandemic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To assess pandemic influenza case management capabilities in a resource-limited setting, the authors used a health system questionnaire and density-dependent, deterministic transmission model for Bali, Indonesia, determining resource gaps. The majority of health resources were focused in and around the provincial capital, Denpasar; however, gaps are found in every district for nursing staff, surgical masks, and N95 masks. A relatively low pathogenicity pandemic influenza virus would see an overall surplus for physicians, antivirals, and antimicrobials; however, a more pathogenic virus would lead to gaps in every resource except antimicrobials. Resources could be allocated more evenly across Bali. These, however, are in short supply universally and therefore redistribution would not fill resource gaps.
The Discretion to Search
Authors: Tillyer Rob , Klahm Charles F. , Engel Robin S.
Published: November 2011

Understanding police decision making has been a priority for policing scholars since the middle part of the 20th century. Recent emphasis has focused on examining the decision to search drivers and vehicles during pedestrian and traffic stops. The current study contributes to this body of literature by testing a series of hypotheses based on Skolnick’s notion of “symbolic assailants” and Smith and Alpert’s social conditioning model. Using data gathered from a large, Midwestern municipal jurisdiction over an 8-month period during 2005 and 2006, we estimate a series of hierarchical models to assess the relationship between discretionary searches and driver, vehicle, stop, and officer characteristics. Results indicate that specific driver groups including young, Black males are more likely to be searched for discretionary reasons. This relationship is further conditioned by officer assignment. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Convergent exaptation of leap up for escape in distantly related arboreal amniotes
Authors: Legreneur Pierre , Laurin Michel , Monteil Karine M , Bels Vincent
Published: November 2011

Tetrapods with highly different morphologies occupy ecological niches of the canopy making them ideal for testing the evolution of structures and performances under similar environmental selective pressures. We compared leap up strategies between two distantly related amniote species, Anolis carolinensis (Squamate) and Microcebus murinus (Lemuriform) known to use leaping as their major locomotor mode for predator avoidance. Our comparative analysis and model show that leaping strategies (flat jump trajectory in horizontal leaps, use of forelimbs in landing) are similar in both species. The most striking divergence concerns only the temporal joint sequence accommodation to leaping height, although an identical proximal-to-distal sequence is observed when both taxa leap to maximal height. We suggest a convergent exaptation of leaping biomechanics among arboreal amniotes, which reflects similar biomechanical constraints and evolutionary pressures in these animals.
Composite Mantle Cell and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ho Albert K. , Teman Carolin J. , Smith Gregory P. , Nightingale Daniel R. , Miles Rodney R.
Published: November 2011

Composite lymphomas are rare and involve the concurrent evolution of 2 distinct lymphoma types within a single organ or tissue. This study describes 2 cases of composite mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which has not previously been reported. Each case demonstrated distinct populations of CD20 positive small and large atypical B cells. In both cases, only the small lymphocytes were positive for CD5 and cyclin D1, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed a t(11;14) translocation in the small lymphocytes but not in the large cells. Molecular studies for B-cell clonality showed a possible clonal relationship between the 2 components in one case but not the other. This study describes in detail the morphology, immunophenotype, FISH, and molecular analysis of both components in each case. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first report of juxtaposition of MCL with DLBCL that does not represent transformation of the mantle cell component.
CAM-SE: A scalable spectral element dynamical core for the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Dennis John M. , Edwards Jim , Evans Katherine J. , Guba Oksana , Lauritzen Peter H. , Mirin Arthur A. , St-Cyr Amik , Taylor Mark A. , Worley Patrick H.
Published: November 2011

The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5 includes a spectral element dynamical core option from NCAR’s High-Order Method Modeling Environment. It is a continuous Galerkin spectral finite-element method designed for fully unstructured quadrilateral meshes. The current configurations in CAM are based on the cubed-sphere grid. The main motivation for including a spectral element dynamical core is to improve the scalability of CAM by allowing quasi-uniform grids for the sphere that do not require polar filters. In addition, the approach provides other state-of-the-art capabilities such as improved conservation properties. Spectral elements are used for the horizontal discretization, while most other aspects of the dynamical core are a hybrid of well-tested techniques from CAM’s finite volume and global spectral dynamical core options. Here we first give an overview of the spectral element dynamical core as used in CAM. We then give scalability and performance results from CAM running with three different dynamical core options within the Community Earth System Model, using a pre-industrial time-slice configuration. We focus on high-resolution simulations, using 1/4 degree, 1/8 degree, and T341 spectral truncation horizontal grids.
Verbal ability, social stress, and anxiety in children with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Lanni Kimberly E. , Schupp Clayton W. , Simon David , Corbett Blythe A.
Published: November 2011

The aims of this study were to evaluate the physiological stress and anxiety responses in children with autism following completion of a standardized, social-evaluative stressor (Trier Social Stress Test-Child version), document the relationship between verbal ability, stress, and anxiety, and determine the association between stress and anxiety in children with autism and typical development. Results demonstrated the Trier Social Stress Test-Child version to be a benign stressor for children with autism. Lower verbal ability in children with autism did not predict salivary cortisol or anxiety responses. There was a lack of association between stress andanxiety for both groups, highlighting the importance of considering these terms as separate constructs. Clinical implications and the limited utility of the Trier Social Stress Test–Child version in evaluating psychosocial stress in autism are discussed.
‘Because It Was a Bit Like Going to an Adventure Park’: The Politics of Hospitality in Transnational Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Activist Networks
Authors: Binnie Jon , Klesse Christian
Published: November 2011

This article explores the overlaps between tourism and forms of political activism. The authors examine the politics of hospitality and solidarity within transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer activist networks formed to combat homophobia, biphobia and transphobia in Poland. Based on interviews with participants in the March for Tolerance in Krakow – the city’s annual tolerance and equality march – the authors argue that questions of hospitality were significant in the formation of activist networks related to this event. Conflicts between Polish and foreign activists were often expressed through the language of hospitality. We discuss the labour of producing hospitality and the ethics of recognition of hospitality as a form of solidarity. The failure on parts of activists to inhibit roles recognized as central to the practice of hospitality in an adequate manner led to disenchantment and even disengagement of activists from the event. The discussion of hospitality as a form of solidarity contributes towards existing understandings of both solidarity tourism and queer tourism.
Learning organizations without borders? A cross-cultural study of university HR practitioners’ perceptions of the salience of Senge’s five disciplines in effective work outcomes
Authors: Coldwell David AL , Fried Andrea
Published: November 2011

The learning organization has been put forward as an effective way of conflict management through the adoption of the disciplines of personal mastery, mental models, team learning, systems thinking and shared vision ( O’Keefe and Stewart, 2004 ; Fisher-Yoshida, 2005 ), but this depends to a large extent on the transferability of the concept cross-culturally ( Fisher-Yoshida, 2005 ). This paper investigates the transferability of the learning organization concept in British, German and South African contexts with a sample of university-based human resource (HR) management employees. Specifically, the paper investigates the comparative importance of Senge’s (1990) learning organization disciplines in generating effective work outcomes among HR employees in three different national cultural contexts. It is suggested that the importance of the learning disciplines in different countries may be influenced by prevailing cultural differences. The study interrogates the notion that the model provides a globally relevant tool for general applications in effective work outcomes. A survey was conducted utilizing HR practitioners employed by three separate universities in three countries (the United Kingdom, South Africa and Germany). Specific measuring instruments were constructed to operationalize Senge’s (1990) model. Results suggest influences of national culture on emphases put on specific aspects of the five disciplines in effective work outcomes.
Examining changes in group acceptance of a newcomer from a different culture
Authors: Joardar Arpita
Published: November 2011

A local workgroup’s initial acceptance of a newcomer from a different culture is determined by the group members’ expectations of the newcomer that are influenced by his/her category stereotypes. If the resulting attitude towards the newcomer is not favorable initially, it becomes important to study how it can be changed to ensure that the workgroup functions properly. I draw from expectancy violation theory and argue that a change in group acceptance will occur if a newcomer violates a host group’s expectations of him/her. The findings of my study show evidence of changes in a foreign newcomer’s task-based and relationship-based group acceptance when the newcomer’s performance and cross-cultural adaptability do not confirm the group’s expectations. The direction of the change is determined by whether the violation that occurs is favorable or not.
Leadership for Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Richards Debbie
Published: November 2011

While leadership has been considered in the higher education (HE) sector, including leadership in learning and teaching (L&T), there is an absence of studies that consider the viewpoint of perhaps the key stakeholder—the student. In this article, the student perspective is gained through an online survey containing questions based on the general leadership literature and the HE literature from the academic viewpoint. The survey seeks to explore how student attitudes compare to those of academics concerning what defines a leader for learning and what competencies and capabilities are considered relevant for L&T leaders by those being led to learn.
A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Neuromuscular Response to Lower Extremity Joint Injury
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian G. , McLeod Michelle M. , Lepley Adam S.
Published: November 2011

Background: Neuromuscular alterations are common following lower extremity joint injury and often lead to decreased function and disability. These neuromuscular alterations manifest in inhibition or abnormal facilitation of the uninjured musculature surrounding an injured joint. Unfortunately, these neural alterations are poorly understood, which may affect clinical recognition and treatment of these injuries. Understanding how these neural alterations affect physical function may be important for proper clinical management of lower extremity joint injuries.

Methods: Pertinent articles focusing on neuromuscular consequences and treatment of knee and ankle injuries were collected from peer-reviewed sources available on the Web of Science and Medline databases from 1975 through 2010. A theoretical model to illustrate potential relationships between neural alterations and clinical impairments was constructed from the current literature.

Results: Lower extremity joint injury affects upstream cortical and spinal reflexive excitability pathways as well as downstream muscle function and overall physical performance. Treatment targeting the central nervous system provides an alternate means of treating joint injury that may be effective for patients with neuromuscular alterations.

Conclusions: Disability is common following joint injury. There is mounting evidence that alterations in the central nervous system may relate to clinical changes in biomechanics that may predispose patients to further injury, and novel clinical interventions that target neural alterations may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Surface IgM stimulation induces MEK1/2-dependent MYC expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Krysov Sergey , Dias Samantha , Paterson Alex , Mockridge C. Ian , Potter Kathleen N. , Smith Kelly-Ann , Ashton-Key Margaret , Stevenson Freda K. , Packham Graham
Published: November 2011

Although long considered as a disease of failed apoptosis, it is now clear that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells undergo extensive cell division in vivo, especially in progressive disease. Signaling via the B-cell receptor is thought to activate proliferation and survival pathways in CLL cells and also has been linked to poor outcome. Here, we have analyzed the expression of the proto-oncoprotein MYC, an essential positive regulator of the cell cycle, after stimulation of surface IgM (sIgM). MYC expression was rapidly increased after sIgM stimulation in a subset of CLL samples. The ability of sIgM stimulation to increase MYC expression was correlated with sIgM-induced intracellular calcium fluxes. MYC induction was partially dependent on the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and MYC and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were both expressed within proliferation centers in vivo. Although stimulation of sIgD also resulted in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, responses were relatively short lived compared with sIgM and were associated with significantly reduced MYC induction, suggesting that the kinetics of ERK1/2 activation is a critical determinant of MYC induction. Our results suggest that ERK1/2-dependent induction of MYC is likely to play an important role in antigen-induced CLL cell proliferation.