bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmopolitan Interest Rates
Authors: Olaniyan Tejumola
Published: June 2020

Much scholarly effort over the last two to three decades has been spent debating cosmopolitanism and attacking or refurbishing its older understanding as something owned by the West and a marker of civilization that others should strive for. The criticisms, however, have tended to emphasize the Eurocentric origins and constitutive cultural exclusionism of cosmopolitanism more than anything else. A second and newer origin of cosmopolitanism that is more commonly referenced today as cosmopolitanism’s modern foundation is one in which we find an inextricable imbrication of three Cs: conquest, commerce, and cosmopolitanism. Global commerce was the condition of possibility of cosmopolitanism, but what had long structured global commerce was a composite of rapacity, enslavement, violence, domination, and some good. The author proposes that the contemporary study of cosmopolitanism reacquaint itself with what continues to make it possible as aspiration, if not reality for all: global commerce and its conditions. To make commerce legible in cosmopolitanism, he asserts, is to accommodate the talk of profit, loss, assets, accumulation, interests, interest rates, and the likes in our theorizations. Using this analogy, the author speculates on what sort of “cosmopolitan interest rates” might be assigned to the social and economic debts owed to the descendants of slaves who suffered great loss at the hands of cosmopolitan global commerce. He concludes that it is a rate of interest that says to live as a social being is to be obligated in any number of ways to one another and the overall optimal health of that sociality.
Bringing Afropolitanism to the Arctic Circle
Authors: Wendt Selene
Published: June 2020

This article provides a brief overview of a few thematic exhibitions that the author has curated, highlighting the importance of contemporary African art within a wider international context. The author highlights African and African diaspora artists whose careers continue to thrive internationally. Some might argue that their success has been dependent on their representation in powerful galleries, and to some extent this is certainly true. Nevertheless, it is a small step in the right direction that relocating to major cities in Europe or the United States is no longer an absolute prerequisite for African artists who wish to gain international success and recognition. As the exhibitions and artists addressed in this article convey, cosmopolitanism as a metaphor for mobility, and the ideal of co-existence, diversity, and tolerance as its unifying and defining factors, translates beautifully into the language of contemporary art. Most important, if we strip cosmopolitanism completely bare and look beneath its seductive veneer, its real potential and beauty becomes visible, revealing a commitment to ethics and a genuine engagement with the plight of others. When contemporary artists use their success and privilege to address sharp social criticism that questions the global, social, and cultural inequities that exclude most from the cosmopolitan party, something magical happens that gives cosmopolitanism a necessary dimension of hope and possibility that is truly worth celebrating.
An auxin transport network underlies xylem bridge formation between the hemi-parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and host Arabidopsis
Authors: Wakatake Takanori , Ogawa Satoshi , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken
Published: June 2020

Parasitic plants form vascular connections with host plants for efficient material transport. The haustorium is the responsible organ for host invasion and subsequent vascular connection. After invasion of host tissues, vascular meristem-like cells emerge in the central region of the haustorium, differentiate into tracheary elements and establish a connection, known as a xylem bridge, between parasite and host xylem systems. Despite the importance of this parasitic connection, the regulatory mechanisms of xylem bridge formation are unknown. Here, we show the role of auxin and auxin transporters during the process of xylem bridge formation using an Orobanchaceae hemiparasitic plant, Phtheirospermum japonicum. The auxin response marker DR5 has a similar expression pattern to tracheary element differentiation genes in haustoria. Auxin transport inhibitors alter tracheary element differentiation in haustoria, but biosynthesis inhibitors do not, demonstrating the importance of auxin transport during xylem bridge formation. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of PIN family auxin efflux carriers and AUX1/LAX influx carriers correlate with DR5 expression patterns. The cooperative action of auxin transporters is therefore responsible for controlling xylem vessel connections between parasite and host.
A novel cylindrical overlap-and-fling mechanism used by sea butterflies
Authors: Karakas Ferhat , Maas Amy E. , Murphy David W.
Published: June 2020

The clap-and-fling mechanism is a well-studied, unsteady lift generation mechanism widely used by flying insects and is considered obligatory for tiny insects flying at low to intermediate Re. However, some aquatic zooplankters including some pteropod (i.e. sea butterfly) and heteropod species swimming at low to intermediate Re also use the clap-and-fling mechanism. These marine snails have extremely flexible, actively deformed, muscular wings which they flap reciprocally to create propulsive force, and these wings may enable novel lift generation mechanisms not available to insects, which have less flexible, passively deformed wings. Using high-speed stereophotogrammetry and micro-particle image velocimetry, we describe a novel cylindrical overlap-and-fling mechanism used by the pteropod species Cuvierina atlantica. In this maneuver, the pteropod's wingtips overlap at the end of each half-stroke to sequentially form a downward-opening cone, a cylinder, and an upward-opening cone. The transition from downward-opening cone to cylinder produces a downward-directed jet at the trailing edges. Similarly, the transition from cylinder to upward-opening cone produces downward flow into the gap between the wings, a leading edge vortex ring, and a corresponding sharp increase in swimming speed. The ability of this pteropod species to perform the cylindrical overlap-and-fling maneuver twice during each stroke is enabled by its slender body and highly flexible wings. The cylindrical overlap-and-fling mechanism observed here may inspire the design of new soft robotic aquatic vehicles incorporating highly flexible propulsors to take advantage of this novel lift generation technique.
Swim bladder enhances lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies in female plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus)
Authors: Vetter Brooke J. , Sisneros Joseph A.
Published: June 2020

The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) is an established model for investigating acoustic communication because the reproductive success of this species is dependent on the production and reception of social acoustic signals. Previous work showed female midshipman have swim bladders with rostral horn-like extensions that project close to the saccule and lagena, while nesting (type I) males lack such rostral swim bladder extensions. The relative close proximity of the swim bladder to the lagena should increase auditory sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies. Here, we test the hypothesis that the swim bladder of female midshipman enhances lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies. Evoked potentials were recorded from auditory hair cell receptors in the lagena in reproductive females with intact (control condition) and removed (treated condition) swim bladders while pure tone stimuli (85–1005 Hz) were presented by an underwater speaker. Females with intact swim bladders had auditory thresholds 3–6 dB lower than females without swim bladders over a range of frequencies from 85–405 Hz. At frequencies from 545–1005 Hz, only females with intact swim bladders had measurable auditory thresholds (150–153 dB re: 1 µPa). The higher percentage of evoked lagenar potentials recorded in control females at frequencies>505 Hz indicates that the swim bladder extends the bandwidth of detectable frequencies. These findings reveal that the swim bladders in female midshipman can enhance lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies, which maybe important for the detection of behaviorally relevant social signals.
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel
Published: June 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway.

The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles.

In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
Effect of psychiatric illness on oral tissue, gingival and periodontal health among non-institutionalized psychiatric patients of Mangalore, India
Authors: Nayak Sangeeta , Pai Keshava , Shenoy Ramya
Published: June 2020

Aim of the study

Psychiatric illness makes overall health weaker. Different types of Psychiatric illness causes various oral changes. The research aimed at assessing the oral health parameters among non-institutionalized psychiatric patients of private set up.

Subject or material and methods

In this cross-sectional study 250 psychiatric patients were examined. The parameters related to psychiatric illness were documented using their medical records. A questionnaire including demographic details, oral hygiene practices, habits, occupation, and income was used. A t full mouth examination was carried out to assess oral changes, oral dryness , plaque, gingival and periodontal status.

Results

The age of the participants ranged from 21 - 70 years with a mean age of 36 years.The majority of participants were suffering from psychiatric illness like depression, schizophrenia, mood disorders and mania respectively. Majority of the participants suffering from psychiatric illness were homemakers. This study showed a link between low income population to psychiatric illness. The participants also reported oral dryness which may be partly due to psychiatric medications. Gingival and plaque index scores showed statistically significant association to presence of psychiatric illness.

Discussion

The present study reported different oral conditions in the psychiatric patients. The3-4 decade were affected age group

Conclusions

Subjects with psychiatric illness were having poor oral health. Dental examination should be incorporated as a part general examination. Policymakers need to consider optimal methods of intervention for mental disorders among low-income individuals. This group of patients who are making major part of the population of the society should be attended with utmost care.
Infestation indices and characterization of injuries of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Barbados cherry
Authors: Louzeiro Léo Rodrigo Ferreira , Souza-Filho Miguel Francisco , Raga Adalton , Bulgarelli Carla A. , Klaczko Louis Bernard
Published: June 2020

Females of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) have a serrated ovipositor that causes severe physical damage to soft fruit. This behaviour results in the early ripening and accelerated rotting of infested fruit. In addition, feeding by larvae softens of the fruit peel, causing in a depreciation in commercial value. In this study, results of infestation indices, pupal viability, egg-adult period, degradation time of infested fruit, and description of physical injuries caused by oviposition and larval feeding of D. suzukii in Barbados cherries (Malpighia emarginata DC., Malpighiaceae) are described. Overall, our results and discussion contribute to the understanding of the status of D. suzukii as an insect pest of the Barbados cherry.
Promoção da Saúde: adesão municipal às ações de combate ao sobrepeso e obesidade infanto-juvenil
Authors: Victorino Silvia Veridiana Zamparoni , Shibukawa Bianca Machado Cruz , Rissi Gabrieli Patricio , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: June 2020

Objetivou-se analisar a adesão municipal às ações de promoção da saúde relacionadas às atividades físicas e práticas corporais, para crianças e adolescentes para o enfrentamento do sobrepeso e obesidade. Estudo exploratório, transversal, quantitativo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa corresponderam aos 30 municípios pertencentes à 15ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. Coletaram-se os dados através de um questionário estruturado aplicado aos gestores informantes de cada município e consulta aos relatórios públicos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, no período de abril a junho de 2014. Analisou-se os dados por estatística descritiva simples e matriz de vizinhança com a co-ocorrência de ação entre os municípios, sendo utilizada como suporte para construção e análise de rede. Verificou-se que, em 2008, as crianças e adolescentes apresentavam 31% (n = 37.588) de sobrepeso e 24% (n = 19.635) de obesidade, sendo um percentual com crescimento gradativo alcançando 40% (n = 46.878) e 43% (n = 36.997) em 2013, respectivamente. A quantidade de ações de promoção em saúde implementadas nos municípios e relacionadas à atividade física variou de 35% a 80%, dos quais 56,7% desenvolviam entre 35% a 50%; 26,7% de 51 a 65% e 16,6% desenvolviam ações entre 66 a 80% das preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Nenhum município realiza mais de 80% das ações preconizadas, o que reforça a necessidade da atuação interdisciplinar no enfrentamento do sobrepeso/obesidade infanto-juvenil, reconhecendo os obstáculos estruturais, humanos e logísticos para a busca de soluções que conduzam um estilo de vida mais saudável, com vistas à maior qualidade de vida futura.
Developing clinical leadership in New Zealand hospice staff nurses
Authors: Simmons Scott W , Jacobs Stephen , McKillop Ann
Published: June 2020

Background:

Staff nurse clinical leadership is a relatively new concept that includes the elements of collaboration, coordination, patient advocacy, and often quite autonomous decision-making required of palliative care nurses. Staff nurses need structural and psychological empowerment to develop as clinical leaders.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to establish baseline data regarding the self-perceived structural and psychological empowerment experienced by New Zealand hospice staff nurses and their ability to practise as clinical leaders.

Methods:

An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used, which included questionnaires measuring structural and psychological empowerment and clinical leadership behaviours and focus group discussions.

Findings:

Survey respondents reported that they were moderately psychologically and sometimes or rarely structurally empowered and felt that they can practise as clinical leaders most of the time. Two themes were identified from the focus groups.

Conclusion:

New Zealand staff hospice nurses felt that—despite feeling only moderately psychologically empowered, and only sometimes or rarely structurally empowered—they practise as clinical leaders most of the time.
Replacing a thin lens by a thick lens
Authors: Mikš Antonín , Novák Pavel
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with the problem of replacing a thin lens by a thick lens with approximately the same properties as the thin lens. Equations enabling the calculation of the parameters of a thick lens that has the same focal length and the same value for one of the Seidel aberration coefficients (either the Seidel aberration coefficient of spherical aberration or the Seidel aberration coefficient of coma) as the thin lens are derived. A comparison of the proposed method for calculating the parameters of the thick lens with existing methods is given in examples. Further, the problem of replacing a thick lens made of optical glass with a given refractive index by another thick lens with a different refractive index but with the same focal length and the same Seidel aberration coefficient of spherical aberration is investigated.
Raman mediated ultrafast all-optical NOR gate
Authors: Datta Tanmoy , Sen Mrinal
Published: June 2020

A new device architecture has been proposed in this paper implementing the all-optical cascadable logic NOR functionality. The device functions based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in silicon nanocrystal embedded slotted photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW). Substantial miniaturizations both in operating power and overall footprint of the device have been achieved owing to the ultrahigh SRS gain of silicon nanocrystal and strong spatio-temporal confinement of the SPCW. Successful operation of the device has been demonstrated at a pulse rate that is as high as 125 Gbps.
Dynamics of optical injection in an external cavity based FP-LD for wide tunable microwave signal generation
Authors: Lee Muyoung , Nakarmi Bikash , Won Yong Hyub
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of optical injection in an external cavity based Fabry-Pérot laser diode (ECFP-LD) for wide tunable microwave signal generation. The ECFP-LD is a specially designed FP-LD that has a self-locked single dominant mode. The injected beam power is varied to analyze the dynamics of optical beam injection on the ECFP-LD. The ECFP-LD shows the interesting behavior of red-shift followed by hopping to another self-injected mode equivalent to FP-LD external and internal cavity modes separation, which provides the fine and coarse tuning of the self-injected mode. The optical beating of the injected beam and the self-injected mode, whether it is the fine red-shifted self-injected mode or the hopped self-injected mode equivalent to the external or internal cavity mode separation, provides a wide tunable range of microwave generation. We obtained fine tuning of 3 GHz for every self-injected mode, and coarse tuning of 15 GHz and 150 GHz, which is equivalent to the free spacing tuning of the external cavity (0.12 nm) and internal FP-LD cavity (1.17 nm), with change in the power of the injected beam. The maximum coarse tuning range is about 3.72 nm, and the corresponding beating frequency tuning range is 330 GHz. Hence, a wide tunable microwave frequency can be obtained by optical beating of the shifted/hopped self-injected mode and the injected beam.
Orbital-angular-momentum-amplifying helical vector modes in Yb3+-doped three-core twisted microstructure fiber
Authors: Li Boyao , Zhou Guiyao , Liu Jiantao , Xia Changming , Hou Zhiyun
Published: June 2020

A helical Yb3+-doped three-core microstructure fiber (YTMF) amplifier is proposed in this paper, so as to solve the problem of generation and transmission of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams. The fiber is composed of three Yb3+-doped cores with a regular triangle shape and a longitudinal helical structure. The experimental results show that the 1064nm laser can be amplified due to the fluorescence amplification characteristics of the doped material Yb3+. Furthermore, theoretical analysis indicates the modes in YTMF at 1064nm, which is located in the amplified wavelength, can support nine modes carrying OAM. Therefore, the related experiments were performed and verified that the transmission modes can respectively carry 1, 2, and 3-order OAM at 1064nm in different coupling cases. These excellent properties indicate that the combination of doped materials and helical fiber provide favorable conditions for the generation and amplification of OAM, which provides a basis for the further development of OAM beams in the field of quantum communication and dense space division multiplexing.
Asia-Pacific Optical Sensors Conference: focus issue introduction
Authors: McGoverin Cushla , Vanholsbeeck Frédérique , Dawes Judith M. , Mizuno Yosuke , Fan Xinyu
Published: June 2020

This feature issue of Optics Express contains 17 articles expanding on recent advances in optical sensors presented at the eighth Asia-Pacific Optical Sensors Conference (APOS 2019) held in Auckland, New Zealand, from November 19 to 22, 2019. These articles span sensing for real-time positioning, refractive indices, strain, gas, and temperature using a variety of methods including photoacoustic computed tomography, coherent optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometry, enhanced Bragg gratings, and phase-sensitive optical frequency-domain reflectometry.
1-D imaging of rotation-vibration non-equilibrium from pure rotational ultrafast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Chen Timothy Y. , Goldberg Benjamin M. , Patterson Brian D. , Kolemen Egemen , Ju Yiguang , Kliewer Christopher J.
Published: June 2020

We present one-dimensional (1-D) imaging of rotation-vibration
non-equilibrium measured by two-beam pure rotational hybrid
femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps
CARS). Simultaneous measurements of the spatial distribution of
molecular rotation-vibration non-equilibrium are critical for
understanding molecular energy transfer in low temperature plasmas and
hypersonic flows. However, non-equilibrium CARS thermometry until now
was limited to point measurements. The red shift of rotational energy
levels by vibrational excitation was used to determine the rotational
and vibrational temperatures from 1-D images of the pure rotational
spectrum. Vibrational temperatures up to 5500 K were detected in a

C
H

4

/

N

2

nanosecond-pulsed pin-to-pin plasma
within 2 mm near the cathode. This approach enables study of
non-equilibrium systems with 40 µm spatial resolution.
Topological Anderson phase in quasi-periodic waveguide lattices
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: June 2020

The topological trivial band of a lattice can be driven into a topological phase by disorder in the system. This so-called topological Anderson phase has been predicted and observed for uncorrelated static disorder, while in the presence of correlated disorder, conflicting results are found. Here we consider a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger waveguide lattice in the trivial topological phase and show that quasi-periodic disorder in the coupling constants can drive the lattice into a topological nontrivial phase. A method to detect the emergence of the topological Anderson phase, based on light dynamics at the edge of a quasi-periodic waveguide lattice, is suggested.
POTENSI LOGAM OKSIDA SEBAGAI FOTOKATALIS DEGRADASI PLASTIK DI AIR LAUT
Authors: Safaat Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Microplastics have been found in Indonesian seas from surface to sediments with varying amounts, sizes and shapes. Microplastics in surface and sediments can negatively affect biota. Microplastic can stick to the surface and enter the marine biota through direct consumption, inhalation, and trophic transfer. A number of approaches have been proposed to deal with the plastic debris. This includes combustion, thermal degradation, biodegradation and photocatalysis. A nanostructure photocatalyst can be an environmentally friendly way to fix the problem of plastic debris. Metals can catalyze dissociation of hydroperoxides and increase oxidative cutting of polyolefins. In this review, we want to assess the feasibility of metal oxides as photocatalysts for plastic degradation, especially in seawater. Metal oxides can catalyze plastic degradation and form several compounds along the chain, such as hydroxyl (alcohol), peroxide, carbonyl groups, esters, and low molecular weight molecules. In general, metal oxide modification can increase the effectiveness of the plastic degradation photocatalytic process.
A passzív sportfogyasztás komplex elemzése
Authors: Balogh Renátó , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: June 2020

Az alacsony fogyasztói érdeklődés a magyar klubok üzleti alapú működésének egyik legfőbb gátja, éppen ezért a passzív sportfogyasztás vizsgálata felettébb szükségszerű a magyar labdarúgásban. Kutatásunkban a passzív sportfogyasztás komplex elemzését végeztük el, amely a szurkolókra és a mérkőzésektől távolmaradókra egyaránt kiterjedt. Vizsgálati módszerünk a szurkolók esetében szurkolói motivációs skála, míg a távolmaradók esetében sportfogyasztástól való tartózkodási skála volt. A skálák megbízhatóságát Cronbach-alfa érték számítással teszteltük, melynek eredménye a legtöbb faktor esetében meghaladta az elvárt küszöbértéket. Kutatási eredményeink cáfolják azt a közvélekedést, hogy a sikertelenség központi szerepet játszik az alacsony nézői érdeklődésben. Vizsgálatunk során arra a következtetésre jutottunk, hogy a szurkolókat, nézőket a siker helyett, inkább az olyan szocio-kulturális tényezők csalogatják ki a stadionokba, mint a csapattal való azonosulás és ahhoz való lojalitás.
Etiologies of neonatal cholestasis at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Benzamin Md. , Khadga Mukesh , Begum Fahmida , Rukunuzzaman Md. , Mazumder Md. Wahiduzzaman , Lamia Khan Nahid , Islam Md. Saidul , Rahman AZM Raihanur , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: June 2020

Background Neonatal cholestasis is an important etiology of chronic liver disease in young children. It has a varied etiology. There is considerable delay in presentation and diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis in Bangladesh. Lack of awareness and knowledge among the pediatricians regarding etiological diagnosis and outcome of neonatal cholestasis is the reasons for poor outcome in major portion of cases in Bangladesh.

Objective To evaluate the etiological spectrum of neonatal cholestasis.

Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. We reviewed medical records of children who were diagnosed with neonatal cholestasis. Complete diagnostic profiles of every cases with age of presentation, male-female ratio and final diagnosis were analyzed.

Results A total of 114 children with neonatal cholestasis were evaluated. Subjects’ male-female ratio was 1.92: 1.0, and mean age at hospitalization was 92.7 (SD 39.5) days. Biliary atresia was the most common etiology (47.4%), followed by idiopathic neonatal hepatitis/INH (21.9%). Other identified etiologies were, toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus b19), rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes/TORCH infection (8.61%), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis/PFIC (4.4%), galactosemia (4.4%), choledochal cyst (3.5%),  sepsis (1.8%), urinary tract infection/UTI (1.8%), hypothyroidism (1.8%), lipid storage disease/Niemann-Pick disease (0.9%), non-syndromic paucity of interlobular bile ducts (2.67%), and Caroli’s disease (0.9%).

Conclusion  In Bangladesh, neonatal cholestasis cases are most often due to obstructive causes, particularly biliary atresia. Idiopathic (INH), infectious (primarily TORCH), metabolic, and endocrine causes followed in terms of frequency.
Fecal calprotectin and its association with functional dyspepsia in children
Authors: Manoppo Jeanette , Somali Rizal , ASPR PITIKA
Published: June 2020

Background Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein found normally in small amounts within the digestive tract. Fecal calprotectin measurement is used as a biomarker to identify digestive tract inflammation. Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common health issues in children, occurring in 3-27%, and accounts for considerable quality of life impairment and health care expenses.

Objective To determine fecal calprotectin concentration in generally healthy children as well as to assess for a possible association between fecal calprotectin and functional dyspepsia.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2019 in primary school-aged children in Manado, North Sulawesi. Subjects consisted of 38 children aged 6–12 years. Fecal calprotectin was measured in subjects’ stool specimens, and considered to be normal if fecal calprotectin concentration of < 50 μg/g. Diagnosis of functional dyspepsia was defined using the parent-filled Rome IV questionnaire form. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Phi-coefficient correlation tests.

Results Thirty-eight subjects, 22 boys and 16 girls, were grouped according to fecal calprotectin concentration (normal vs. elevated) and functional dyspepsia diagnosis. Mean fecal calprotectin concentration was 312.45 μg/g in the functional dyspepsia group and 20.89 μg/g in the healthy group. Elevated fecal calprotectin was found in 55.6% of the functional dyspepsia group and 10.3% of the healthy group. There was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin elevation and functional dyspepsia (r=0.471; P=0.004).

Conclusion Current fecal calprotectin physiological cut-off level of 50 μg/g seems valid for children aged 6–12 years. Elevated fecal calprotectin is associated with functional dyspepsia in children.
Effects of probiotic on gut microbiota in children with acute diarrhea: a pilot study
Authors: Samsudin Dion Darius , Firmansyah Agus , Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Yuniar Irene , Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Roeslani Rosalina Dewi
Published: June 2020

Background Acute diarrhea is a common health problem in Indonesia. During acute diarrhea, changes in gut microbiota are marked by decrease beneficial microbes Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and increased pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter and Clostridium. Such microbial imbalances are known as dysbiosis. Treatment with probiotics may help repair dysbiosis, quicken healing time, and decrease complications.

Objective To assess for dysbiosis during acute diarrhea, and determine if it can be normalized by probiotic treatment.

Methods This placebo-controlled, unblinded clinical trial was performed in Budhi Asih District Hospital, Jakarta, from January to March 2018. Twenty-four children age 6-24 months with acute diarrhea and 12 healthy children were enrolled. First fecal specimen was collected for all subjects and analyzed using non-culture real time PCR to count the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, Clostridium, and all bacteria. Children with diarrhea were assigned to probiotic or placebo treatment for 5 days and the second fecal specimen was analyzed two weeks after the diarrhea subsided.

Results Prior to treatment, significant higher amounts of Lactobacillus were observed in children with acute diarrhea than in healthy controls [median (interquartile range/IR): 1.52x103 (1.22x104) vs. 6.87x10 (2.41x102), respectively; proportion in percentage (from total bacteria population): 0.044% vs. 0.003%, respectively]. However, median (IR) Clostridium was significantly higher in healthy controls than in children with acute diarrhea [2.37x102 (4.64x103) vs. 4.67 (1.50x102), respectively (P<0.05), with proportion of 0.01% vs. 0.0001%, respectively]. Children who received probiotics had significantly higher count of Bifidobacterium compared to the placebo group [1.94x104 (4.97x104) vs. 1.74x103 (2.08x107), respectively, with proportion of 0.394% vs. 0.081%, respectively].

Conclusion This pilot study do not find evidence of dysbiosis in children with acute diarrhea. Group who received probiotic had higher Bifidobacterium count compared towards those who received placebo.
The Image of the Kazakh People and the Kazakh Steppe in the Treatise of A.I. Levshin «Description of the Kyrgyz-Cossack, or Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky, Hordes and Steppes»
Authors: Gundova O.E.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the image of the Kazakh steppe and the Kazakh people, created by the famous scientist and statesman A.I. Levshin in his fundamental work -"Description of the Kyrgyz-Cossack, or Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky, hordes and steppes." In the work of the researcher, the steppe appears as a huge, remote, little-studied space, an anhydrous and poor in vegetation desert, economically suitable, first of all, for the development of nomadic cattle breeding. A.I. Levshin's perception of the Kazakh people, like other representatives of the European educated society, takes place within the framework of an enlightening worldview and its characteristic opposition of “savagery” and “civilization”. At the same time, the researcher to a greater extent used such theoretical model of comprehension the “wild” people, according to which the Kazakh society is at a lower stage of world-historical development than the civilized society to which the author relates. Kazakhs, in the perception of A.I. Levshin, these are “halfwild predators”, “nomadic robbers”, albeit not without completely positive qualities.
The Situation of the Jewish Community of Omsk in the Context of Religious Policy of the State in the Second Half of 1945-1960s
Authors: Zibert N.P.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the legal and socio-economic situation of the jewish community, which functioned in Omsk from 1945 to 1960. The archival documents studied by the authors show that the anti-religious policy pursued in the region under consideration was accompanied by numerous violations and administrative arbitrariness of the soviet authorities against Jewish communities. this was due not only to the desire of local authorities to destroy religious remnants among the population, but also to eradicate "bourgeois nationalism", used as an accusation in the course of mass repressions against national minorities. At the same time, it should be noted the specifics of the functioning of the Jewish community, which sought to preserve its national identity in the new political conditions. Thus, despite the prayer ritual adapted to modern conditions and the recitation of prayers for the soviet government and for comrade Stalin. The community carefully supervised the process of burial in the Jewish cemetery, preventing the burial of people of other nationalities and religions. Great importance was given to the traditional religious holiday, the preparation for which was carried out in the face of opposition of local authorities and gross interference in the internal affairs of the community. In the end, administrative pressure and repressive measures of local authorities led, if not to the complete disappearance of the community, then to a significant damping of religious life within it.
State Measures to Terminate the Illegal Marriage Relations of the Old Believers and the Effectiveness of These Measures in the Tomsk Province in the 19th Century
Authors: Ilyin V.N.
Published: June 2020

The question of the practice of implementing state measures of secular and ecclesiastical authorities to combat the illegal marriage relations of the Old Believers on the example of the Tomsk province in the 19th century. The author has studied a rich complex of unique archival data, which made it possible to identify the specifics of the object under study within a specific region. In particular, it was revealed that the initiators in initiating cases of illegal cohabitation, primarily, were local ministers of the official Orthodox Church. At the same time, they demanded that the secular authorities take more decisive measures, namely of an administrative nature, in the fight against the consolidated marriages of the Old Believers. According to the firm conviction of the imperial authorities, unified marriages contributed to the “growth of the split," and, accordingly, in their opinion, one of the effective methods of easing the tendency toward a “split" is precisely the separation of persons who have married together. This process was often carried out using harsh police measures. However, in the end, imperial officials and clergymen were forced to state that neither spiritual convictions nor forceful influence brought the expected results.
Studying Settlement Gorodishche 1 in the Zonalnyi District
Authors: Kazakov A.A. , Kazakova O.M.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the publication of obtained materials from a site in the Itkul archaeological district that includes a settlement called Gorodishche 1. The site is located on the southern shore of Lake Bol'shoi Itkul, on the border of the Zonalnyi and Troitskii districts. The land plot of the settlement has a complex layout and is limited by a moat. At the site, an area of 64 square metres was excavated, as a result, a dwelling pit and a small part of the moat were investigated. The dwelling was a semi-hut of a semi-rectangular form with an open hearth. The area of the dwelling was about 28 square metres. The location of the materials in the dwelling pit shows the special features of the layout. The place of entrance was identified. The economic zone was distinguished by the location of the hearth and the accumulation of ceramics around it; it was located at the farthest wall from the entrance. There were not many finds in the cultural layer. The finds were represented by clusters of ceramics. The vessels were round-bottomed, of lowered proportions, decorated with ornament in the upper part. The most common elements of the ornament were pits. There was also a comb duck ornament. Just one element was used in the ornamental composition. The features of the ceramic complex allowed the authors to refer the studied site to the Fominskaya stage of the Kulaiskaya culture and date it within the 2nd-4th centuries. The material is published for the first time.
Stacked Bi-directional LSTM Layer Based Model for Prediction of Possible Heart Disease during Lockdown Period of COVID-19
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar , Dutta Shawni
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium. CVD is not a single disease. It is a cluster of diseases and injuries that affect the cardiovascular system i.e. the heart and blood vessels. Heart failure is concern in patients with COVID-19. Alternately mental anxiety during lockdown period od COVID-19 may increase CVD. For assisting health care system, an automated tool is proposed in this paper that uses Reccurrent Neural Network (RNN). A stacked bi-directional LSTM layer based model is proposed in this paper that considers interfering factors from past health records while detecting patients with cardiac problems. Experimental results have indicated promising accuracy of 93.22% in predicting patients with cardiac troubles.
SPIRITUAL VALUE OF ALTHUSSER AND IDEOLOGICAL GRAMSCY HEGEMONY ANALYSIS
Authors: Ghazalba Muhammad Ahsana
Published: June 2020

This study is a literature that is entirely derived from written sources. Sholawat or Singir become the object of research material, The focus of this study is the spiritual values and the ideology contained in sholawat, analysis using the theoryAlthusser and Gramsci's ideological hegemony, Ideology contained in shoalawat namely 1)persuasive,2) Identity, 3) Reward and 4) Punishment, While the spiritual values that exist inside sholawat namely 1)To the praise of the Prophet Muhammad, 2) Birth of the Prophet SAW, 3) Phoenix Prophet Muhammad, 4) Glory Qur'an and praise for, 5) Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad, and 6) Tawassul To the Prophet Muhammad.
Antitumor effects of citrinin in an animal model of Sarcoma 180 via cytogenetic mechanisms
Authors: Filho José Williams Gomes de Oliveira , Dos Santos Andrade Teresinha de Jesus Aguiar , De Lima Rosália Maria Tí´rres , Dos Reis Antonielly Campinho , Hameed Aneela , Santos José Victor de Oliveira , Afzal Muhammad Inam , De Menezes Ag-Anne Pereira Melo , De Alencar Marcus Viní­cius Oliveira Barros , Silva Dulce Helena Siqueira , Dias Ana Carolina Soares , Ferreira José Roberto de Oliveira , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ferreira Paulo Michel Pinheiro , Salehi Bahare , Qamar Muhammad , Umer Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Martins Natália , De Castro e Sousa Joào Marcelo , Melo Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Citrinin (CIT) is a cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic metabolite obtained from Penicillium citrinum, that has been increasingly searched as an anticancer drug candidate. In this study, we assessed the antitumor effects of citrinin, using cytogenetic biomarkers for genotoxicity in Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells of mice. Citrinin, extracted from P. citrinum acetonitrile extract, was characterized by LC-MS. Cytotoxic assessment was done through using comet (alkaline version) and micronucleus assays. In S-180 cells, CI50 of CIT was 3.77 Î¼g/mL, while at 12.5 and 100 Î¼g/mL, CIT was as cytotoxic as doxorubicin (2 Î¼g/mL). At 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Î¼g/mL, it induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in S-180 cells, especially at 2 Î¼g/mL, triggering oxidative damage similar to hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). The antitumor effects were evidenced by a marked increase in S-180 cells apoptosis and necrosis due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic cytogenetic effects (micronucleus formation), as well as by induction of nucleoplasm bridges and nuclear buds, culminating in S-180 apoptosis and necrosis. CIT has potential as drug candidate for antitumor purposesbyinvolving cytogenetic mechanisms.
Phytochemical characterization of the Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. metabolites by UPLC-QTOF and antifungal activity evaluation
Authors: Andrade Jacqueline C. , Dos Santos Antí´nia T.L. , Da Silva Ana R.P. , Freitas Maria A. , Afzal Muhammad Inam , Gonçalo Maria I.P. , Fonseca Victor J. A. , Costa Maria do S. , Carneiro Joara N. P. , Sousa Erlí¢nio O. , De Matos Yedda M. L. S. , De Freitas Thiago S. , De Sousa Amanda K. , Morais-Braga Maria F. B. , Coutinho Henrique D. M. , Ali Shinawar Waseem , Salehi Bahare , Imran Muhammad , Umer Muhammad , Ul-Haque Ehsan , Setzer William N. , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and modulatory potential of the Ziziphus joazeiro bark and leaf extracts, both in isolation and in association with fluconazole, against resistant species from the Candida genus. Antifungal assays were used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract in isolation and in combination with fluconazole using the broth microdilution method and spectrophotometric readings, followed by verification of the minimum fungicidal concentration by solid medium subculture. According to the cell viability curve, both extracts inhibited fungal growth in a concentration dependent manner, in addition to showing inhibitory concentrations similar to fluconazole. However, the extracts behaved in a fungistatic manner with minimum inhibitory concentration > 8.19 mg/mL and IC50 values ranging from 0.450 mg/mL to 9 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration for both extracts decreased when in combination with fluconazole, with the AEL standing out against Candida albicans URM 4387, displaying an IC50 equal to that of fluconazole (0.002 mg/mL). Nevertheless, fluconazole antagonism was observed against the tested strains. Overall, the evaluation of both extracts against Candida spp. presented inhibitory concentration values greater than fluconazole. Moreover, despite these being chemically complex crude extracts, they did demonstrate antifungal effects and properties that concur with their ethno-biological aspect.
Preventive therapy of antioxidant vitamins against the blood choline levels in cardiovascular patients
Authors: Ali Muhammad Asif , Nasir Muhammad , Pasha Talat Naseer , Javid Imran , Muzaffar Rizwana , Rashid Anjum , Ur Rehman Habib , Gondal Tanweer Aslam , Imran Muhammad , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Iqbal Zafar , Ahmed Sheraz
Published: June 2020

Therapeutic role of antioxidant against lipid profile and lipoprotein (choline) was observed by the different researchers, but  clinical evidences required about the use of antioxidant vitamins against the lipoproteins. Patients with clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) confirmed by standard diagnostic techniques were followed. Newly or recently, diagnosed case subjects were recruited wherever possible. At least 120 cases, subjects both male and female with CVD were selected from a local hospital. Four groups developed on the base of antioxidant therapy and blood samples were collected at zero day, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days. vitamins C and E are the major dietary cellular and lipid antioxidants, respectively; we found no evidence to support the use of vitamin or antioxidant supplements in the reduction of mortality. However, they are helpful in the management of prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Phytol anti-inflammatory activity: Pre-clinical assessment and possible mechanism of action elucidation
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Zihad S. M. Neamul Kabir , Sifat Nazifa , Khan Md. Roich , Paul Arkajyoti , Salehi Bahare , Islam Tawhida , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Martins Natália , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: June 2020

Phytol (PHY) is an acyclic natural diterpene alcohol and a chlorophyll constituent that exhibits several pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. Here, we aimed to assess the PHY anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo, and to deepen knowledge on the possible mechanism of action. For this purpose, egg albumin (in vitro) test was performed by using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as a standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). For in vivo test, male Wistar albino rats were treated (intraperitoneally) with 100 mg/kg of PHY and/or standard NSAIDs ASA (100 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (Diclo-Na, 10 mg/kg) to evaluate the combined effect of PHY in formalin-induced paw edema model. Furthermore, an in silico (CADD) study was accomplished to assess the effect of PHY against cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and 2 enzymes, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ÎºB), and interleukin-1Î² (IL-1Î²). Results revealed that PHY exhibits dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect using the egg albumin method. PHY (100 mg/kg) co-treated with ASA and/or Diclo-Na reduced paw edema better than PHY alone or NSAIDs individual groups. Computational study showed that PHY efficiently interacts with COX-1 and 2, NF-ÎºB, and IL-1Î². In conclusion, PHY exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, possibly via COX-1 and 2, NF-ÎºB, and IL-1Î² dependent pathways.