bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Combination of Channel Fracturing with Rod-Shaped Proppant Increases Production in the Egyptian Western Desert
Authors: Gawad A. A. , Long J. , El-Khalek T. , Bashandy R. , Mabrouk T. , Shaaban A. , Mathur A. , Yosry M. , Kraemer C. C. , Bernechea J. M.
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the application for the first time of a novel channel fracturing technique combined with rod-shaped proppant in selected production targets in several fields in the Egyptian western desert. The channel fracturing technique introduces channels within the proppant pack that increase conductivity and effective half-length leading to increased productivity (Gillard et al. 2010). Rod-shaped proppant when used as tail-in in fracturing treatments increases near-wellbore fracture conductivity and prevents proppant flowback due to its particular geometry (McDaniel et al. 2010).

The western desert fields in the Qarun concession area in Egypt are characterized as complex, thin-bedded sequences with heterogeneous laminated sandstones producing mainly from the Abu Roash and Upper Bahariya formations. Hydraulic fracturing has traditionally been employed to produce hydrocarbons from these marginal reservoirs. The channel-fracturing technique was first introduced in the Amana fields in late 2012 combined with rod-shaped proppant for flowback control and conductivity enhancement. Early-time normalized production of the wells fractured with this technique increased by 89% over offset wells fractured conventionally, and the application of the channel fracturing technique eliminated the incidence of premature screen-outs in all fields.

The positive results from implementation of this combined stimulation technique have led to a vigorous expansion of its utilization throughout Egypt's western desert area, including a refracturing campaign for older wells where conventional fracturing techniques did not yield the desired results.
Novel Insight into Polymer Injectivity for Polymer Flooding
Authors: Yerramilli Sanjay Surya , Zitha P. L. , Yerramilli Ramesh Chandra
Published: June 2013

A considerable portion of world reserves are located in mature and viscous oil reservoirs having thickness less than 15 m. Polymer flooding is a mature technology and is the most important EOR method based on full field case histories. Accurate assessment of injectibility of viscous polymer solutions into these reservoirs without induced fractures is a major challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study is to experimentally investigate and model polymer injectivity in porous media using unfiltered partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions for wide range of polymer concentrations (125–5000 ppm) and salinities (5–20 g/L) in high permeability sandstones. Data from rheological measurements and single phase linear core flood studies carried out as a part of this study were utilized for understanding the key microscopic (pore level) mechanisms and for quantifying the injectivity.

Based on the experimental analyses, it was found that viscous nature of polymer solutions and their retention in porous media were the main mechanisms for loss in injectivity. Data obtained from the experiments were used to validate and fine tune the model. Subsequently, with the help of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, filtration theory, permeability reduction model, Non-Newtonian viscosity and Darcy laws numerical modeling was performed for predicting the injectivity losses during polymer injection. A good quality match was obtained with experimental data. Finally, sensitivity of polymer concentration and salinity on injectivity was studied. Further, the results from this study, will serve as an auxiliary input for field scale simulations, will help operators in the selection, design and execution of the field projects and will stand as guidelines for extending the polymer flooding technology for heavy oil reservoirs.
Optimization of Microemulsion Formulations with Linker Molecules
Authors: Quintero Lirio , Pietrangeli Gianna , Salager Jean-Louis , Forgiarini Ana
Published: June 2013

Applications of microemulsion technology in the drilling and production industry have increased in recent years. Some of these applications include oil-based drilling fluid displacement to water-based fluid, near-wellbore remediation, well stimulation, enhanced oil recovery, flow-back recovery in shale gas wells, and cement spacers.

Microemulsion formulations for these applications need to have high oil solubilization and very low interfacial tension, which is achieved with relatively high concentration of surfactants. High-performance microemulsion systems with lower surfactant concentrations are desired in order to optimize the cost of microemulsion technology applications. The reduction of surfactant concentration and cost could be achieved by introducing linker additives in the formulations. The addition of linker molecules enhances the solubilization property of microemulsions, which increases the hydrophilicity and/or the lipophilicity behavior of surfactants.

Previous studies indicate that addition of a proper linker molecule could significantly increase the solubilization of the oil. The lipophilic linker molecules (e.g. long chain amines, acids, alcohols, phenols) increase the interactions between the surfactant and oil, although with some disorder to avoid formation of highly-organized structures and to decrease the viscosity.

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of work carried out to determine the influence of lipophilic and hydrophilic linkers in microemulsions formulated with anionic/nonionic surfactant blends. The interfacial tension, fluids compatibility, and return permeability evaluation of microemulsion formulations containing lipophilic linkers prove that these additives bring a significant improvement in water injection or crude oil production.
A Highly Accurate Modified Method of Characteristics for Convection–dominated Flow Problems
Authors: Machmoum Ahmed , Seaïd Mohammed
Published: June 2013

High-order accurate methods for convection-dominated flow problems have the potential to reduce the computational effort required for a given order of
solution accuracy. The state of the art in this field is more advanced for Eulerian methods than for semi-Lagrangian methods. In this paper, we introduce a new higher
order approach that is based on combining the modified method of characteristics with the gradients computed during solution reconstruction. Special attention is given to
the class of third-order schemes which uses a higher-order method to calculate the departure points and a high-order polynomial reconstruction to interpolate the solution
at the characteristic feet. Numerical experiments are carried out on several benchmark transport-diffusion equations including incompressible Navier-Stokes problems.
The computed results support our expectations for a robust and high-order accurate method.
Numerical Study of Two-grid Preconditioners for 1-d Elliptic Problems with Highly Oscillating Discontinuous Coefficients
Authors: Iliev O. , Lazarov R. , Willems J.
Published: June 2013

Various advanced two-level iterative methods are studied numerically
and compared with each other in conjunction with finite volume discretizations of symmetric
1-D elliptic problems with highly oscillatory discontinuous coefficients. Some of
the methods considered rely on the homogenization approach for deriving the coarse
grid operator. This approach is considered here as an alternative to the well-known
Galerkin approach for deriving coarse grid operators. Different intergrid transfer operators
are studied, primary consideration being given to the use of the so-called problemdependent
prolongation. The two-grid methods considered are used as both solvers
and preconditioners for the Conjugate Gradient method. The recent approaches, such
as the hybrid domain decomposition method introduced by Vassilevski and the globallocal
iterative procedure proposed by Durlofsky et al. are also discussed. A two-level
method converging in one iteration in the case where the right-hand side is only a
function of the coarse variable is introduced and discussed. Such a fast convergence for
problems with discontinuous coefficients arbitrarily varying on the fine scale is achieved
by a problem-dependent selection of the coarse grid combined with problem-dependent
prolongation on a dual grid. The results of the numerical experiments are presented
to illustrate the performance of the studied approaches.
Simulation of Interacting Discontinious Solutions on Dynamically Adaptive Grids
Authors: Breslavsky P.V. , Mazhukin V.I.
Published: June 2013

A further development of the dynamic adaptation method for gas dy-
namic problems describing multiple interactions of the shock waves, rarefaction waves,
and contact boundaries are considered. By the test Woodward — Colella problem the
efficiency of the proposed method for solving problems of gas dynamics with explicit
definition of shock waves and contact boundaries is shown. For the problem solution
mechanism of the adaptation of diffusion type is used. A choice of the adaptation coeffi-
cient for obtaining solution in each of subdomains of quasiuniform grid is substantiated.
The discontinuities interaction between each other is solved by the Riemann problem.
Application of the dynamic adaptation method allowed obtaining solution in 420 cells
which practically coincides with the results of WENO5m method in 12800 cells.
Approximation of the Operator Exponential and Applications
Authors: Gavrilyuk I.P.
Published: June 2013

A review of the exponentially convergent approximations to the operator
exponential is given. The applications to inhomogeneous parabolic and elliptic
equations, nonlinear parabolic equations, tensor-product approximations of multidimensional
solution operators as well as to parabolic problems with time dependent
coefficients and boundary conditions are discussed.
Fully Discrete Galerkin Method For Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations With Weakly Singular Kernels
Authors: BRUNNER H.
Published: June 2013

We analyze the optimal superconvergence properties of piecewise polynomial
collocation solutions on uniform meshes for Volterra integral and integrodifferential
equations with multiple (vanishing) proportional delays. It is shown that for delay integro-differential equations the recently obtained optimal order is also attainable.
For integral equations with multiple vanishing delays this is no longer true.
Contribution of Agricultural Field Production to Emission of Greenhouse Gases (Ghg)
Authors: Bálint Ágnes , Hoffmann Sándor , Anton Attila , Szili-Kovács Tibor , Heltai György
Published: June 2013

According to global inventories the agricultural field production contributes in a significant measure to increase of concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in the atmosphere, however their estimated data of emissions of soil origin differ significantly. Particularly estimates on nitrogen-oxides emissions show a great temporal and spatial variability while their formations in microbial processes are strongly influenced by biogeochemical and physical properties of the soil (eg microbial species, soil texture, soil water, pH, redox-potential and nutrient status) and land use management through the impact of the application of natural and synthetic fertilisers, tillage, irrigation, compaction, planting and harvesting. The different monitoring systems and inventory models were developed mostly from atmospheric chemistry point of view and little comprehensive data exist on the processes related to GHG emissions and their productions in agricultural soils under ecological conditions of Central Europe. This paper presents the new results of a project aimed elaboration of an experimental system suitable for studying relationships between the production and emission of greenhouse gases and plant nutrition supply in agricultural soils under Hungarian ecological conditions. The system was based on a long-term fertilisation field experiment. Mesocosm size pot experiments were conducted with soils originating from differently treated plots. The production of CO2 and N2O was followed during the vegetation period in gas traps built in 20 cm depth. Undisturbed soil columns were prepared from the untreated side parcels of the field experiment and the production of CO2 and N2O was studied at 20, 40 and 60 cm depth. A series of laboratory microcosm experiments were performed to clarify the microbial and environmental effects influencing the gas production in soils. The CO2 and N2O were determined by gas chromatography. The NOx was detected by chemiluminescence method in headspace of microcosms. In the mesocosm and soil columns experiments influence of plant nutrition methods and environmental factors was successfully clarified on seasonal dynamics and depth profile on CO2 and N2O productions. The database developed is suitable for estimating CO2 and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting Direct Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils
Authors: Kolasa-Więcek Alicja
Published: June 2013

Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions are mainly produced in direct emissions from plant and animal production as well as those associated with land use changes. Agriculture is a major source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O emissions from agricultural production has the source primarily in soil fertilized by mineral and organic fertilizers. In Poland, agricultural soils are responsible for 77.1% of emissions. Emissions associated with the animal manner farming amount 22.8%. Studies attempt to modeling and predicting of N2O emissions from Direct Soil Emissions in relation to the use of crops and livestock population. In the analysis an artificial neural networks were used. The best values showing the quality of neural regression model were obtained by multilayer perceptrons MLP. Based on the sensitivity analysis, attempts were taken to determine the extent of the contribution of each selected variables on the estimate of the direct emissions of N2O from agricultural soils. The sensitivity analysis of designed network on the structure MLP 9-4-1 shows that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer consumption has the biggest share in the shaping of N2O emissions from Direct Soil Emissions. The sensitivity analysis of network on the structure MLP 16-5-1 pointed to participate cattle and pigs as the most important in the formation of N2O emissions from Direct Soil Emissions. Among the crops in Poland, which may affect the release of N2O stands out rapeseed and rye. The study was conducted using the statistical package Statistica v. 10.0.
Bee Fauna (Apoidea: Hymenoptera) of the Suez Canal Region, Egypt
Authors: Shebl Mohamed , Kamel Soliman , Mahfouz Hatem
Published: June 2013

The diversity of solitary bees varies depending on the vegetation, nesting habitats, and nesting fragmentation. The agriculture development in the Suez Canal region is receiving a great deal of attention in Egypt, thus, the diversity of solitary bees are essential for high quality production of seeds, vegetables, and fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of solitary bee populations around the Canal region. About 900 - 1000 specimens of bees were collected from different locations of the Ismailia, Suez, and Sinai Governorates. Fifty-five species of bees were identified. With the exception of Melittidae family, all the bee families were present in the Canal region. The total number of species for each family were 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 species for Andrenidae, Colletidae, Apidae, Halictidae, and Megachilidae, respectively. Lasioglossum mandibularie (Morawitz, 1866) is a newly recorded species collected from Egypt. In the Suez Canal region, the most abundant species found with large populations were Andrena ovatula ssp. ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Ceratina tarsata Morawitz, 1872, and Colletes lacunatus Dours, 1872.
Evapotranspiration changes in the forest-steppe and steppe zones under soil mulching
Authors: Shumova Nadezhda
Published: June 2013

This paper contains the method and results of calculation evapotranspiration and its structure - transpiration and evaporation from traditionally tilled and mulched soil. The data considered indicate that in the arid regions of territory under study the evapotranspiration when soil is mulched does not change significantly and only the relation between the transpiration and soil evaporation changes. In the wet regions, evapotranspiration decreases when the soil is mulched which can result in a certain disturbance of the natural structure of the hydrological cycle and possible overmoistening soils.
Determination of the Temperature Field Using Liquid Crystal Thermography and Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Structures in Research on Boiling Heat Transfer in a Minichannel
Authors: Piasecka Magdalena
Published: June 2013

The paper presents the application of liquid crystal thermography for temperature determination and visualisation of two phase flow images on the studied surface. Properties and applications of thermochromic liquid crystals are discussed. Liquid crystals were applied for two-dimensional detection of the temperature of the heating foil forming one of the surfaces of the minichannel along which the cooling liquid flowed. The heat flux supplied to the heating surface was altered in the investigation and it was accompanied by a change in the color distribution on the surface. The accuracy of temperature measurements on the surface with liquid crystal thermography is estimated. The method of visualisation of two-phase flow structures is described. The analysis of monochrome images of flow structures was employed to calculate the void fraction for some cross-sections. The flow structure photos were processed using Corel graphics software and binarized. The analysis of phase volumes employed Techsystem Globe software. The measurement error of void fraction is estimated.
Country’s Development as a Determinant of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity
Authors: Marič Miha , Žnidaršič Jasmina , Uhan Miha , Dimovski Vlado , Ferjan Marko , Djurica Maja , Jeraj Mitja , Janežič Matej
Published: June 2013

Our study is built on the dependence of early-stage entrepreneurial activity on GDP per capita, GDP real growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate, investments and public debt of different countries. We divide the early-stage entrepreneurial activity into necessity-driven and improvement-driven opportunistic entrepreneurial activity. To establish the dependencies we have conducted the regression analyses. Our three main findings are: (a) early-stage entrepreneurial activity does depend on our predictors; (b) necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity is negatively correlated to country’s development; and (c) improvement-driven opportunistic entrepreneurial activity is positively correlated to country’s development.
Examining the Levels of Self-Leadership Perceptions of University Student- Athletes in Terms of Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Türköz Tolga , Mutlu T. Osman , Tabak Akif , Erdoğan Murat
Published: June 2013

The purpose of the present study is to determine the difference of self-leadership perceptions for university student-athletes in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. The research involved 167 university student-athletes aged 18-21 years (Muğla and Kocaeli at Turkey). Self-leadership perceptions were measured by the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire. The number of strategies of selfleadership was calculated in the distribution of mean scores. It was found that variables such as age, education status of mother, and monthly income of the university students do not cause any difference in the levels of self-leadership perceptions. On the other hand, other factors were determined to create statistically significant differences in the use of self-leadership strategies: gender; dealing with sport outside of school; taking part in teams; branch of interested sport; education status of father; socioeconomic status; personal sport history of athletes. It has revealed that not only the psychical factors but also behavioral, cognitive, and psychological factors of self-leadership have important roles in increasing the performance of student-athletes in sport activities.
Seismic and density structure of the lithosphere−asthenosphere system along transect Knipovich Ridge−Spitsbergen−Barents Sea – geological and petrophysical implications
Authors: Krysiński Lech , Grad Marek , Mjelde Rolf , Czuba Wojciech , Guterch Aleksander
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a study of the seismic P−wave velocity and density structure of the lithosphere−asthenosphere system along a 800 km long transect extending from the actively spreading Knipovich Ridge, across southern Spitsbergen to the Kong Karls Land Volcanic Province. The 2D seismic and density model documents 6-8 km thick oceanic crust formed at the Knipovich Ridge, a distinct continent−ocean−boundary (COB), the east− ern boundary of the dominantly sheared Hornsund Fault Zone, and the eastern boundary of the Early Cenozoic West Spitsbergen Fold−and−Thrust Belt. The crustal continent−ocean transitional zone has significant excess of density (more than 0.1 g/cm3in average), charac− teristic for mafic/ultramafic and high−grade metamorphic rocks. The main Caledonian su− ture zone between Laurentia and Barentsia is interpreted based on variations in crustal thickness, velocities and densities. A high velocity body in the lower crust is preferably in− terpreted in terms of Early Cretaceous magmatism channelled from an Arctic source south− wards along the proto−Hornsund zone of weakness. The continental upper mantle expresses high velocities (8.24 km/s) and densities (3.2 g/cm3), which may be interpreted in terms of low heat−flow and composition dominated by dunites. The lower velocities (7.85 km/s) and densities (3.1 g/cm3) observed in the oceanic lithosphere suggest composition dominated by primitive peridotites. The model of mantle allows for successful direct description of subcrustal masses distribution compensating isostatically uneven crustal load. The esti− mated low value of correlation between density and velocity in the mantle 0.12 kg·s·m−4suggests that horizontal density differences between oceanic and continental mantle would be dominated by compositional changes.
Small towns as centres of rural micro-regions
Authors: Vaishar Antonín , Zapletalová Jana
Published: June 2013

Small towns as centres of rural micro-regions

Small towns ensure services on the basic urban level, jobs, social contacts, occasions to travel outside the micro-region, services of the state administration and sometimes also an identity of the micro-region. Mass commuting from villages to small towns is usual for Czechia for a long time. Small towns in peripheral regions are of our interest. Character of these towns is given by the remoteness and bad accessibility from regional centers, by the lack of investments, problems of human capital etc. Nevertheless, the peripheral small towns remain the definite centers of their hinterlands because of the lack of competition in majority of cases. The second demographic transition leads to ageing of rural population. Sub-urbanization and counter-urbanization impacts on the population shift from big and medium cities to the countryside. In the process of globalization, the countryside including small towns plays a role of bearer of the traditional way of life. Transferring the jobs from productive to non-productive branches endangers the countryside by losing jobs in industry. Increasing value of leisure, environment, space, security etc. offers new chances for small towns.
Non-profit organizations in hungarian rural development - a leader+ example in the southern transdanubian region
Authors: Varga Eszter
Published: June 2013

Non-profit organizations in hungarian rural development - a leader+ example in the southern transdanubian region

After reviewing some of the most important features of Hungarian rural development, the paper attempts to explore participation and roles of non-profit organisations in this field, through the lenses of the LEADER+ Programme. As a study area, one of the seven development regions of Hungary, the Southern Transdanubian Region was selected for the analysis. On the basis of the results and the reviewed literature, the author gets to the conclusion that rural non-profit organisations have an important role to play in animating and mobilizing rural population
The Limits of Leadership
Authors: Sobis Iwona , Berg Frits van den , Vries Michiel S. de
Published: June 2013

In Public Administration, it is taken for granted that reforms are initiated and conducted by leaders. However, one can wonder whether change is indeed always coming from leadership and whether the concept thereof as the driving force behind change and the panacea for all the problems encountered during reforms is not a bit overrated in recent literature. This paper presents the argument that it is not the leaders but the employees in the teams and working groups and the experienced organizational members in particular who are the real carriers of reforms. It goes through the recent and older theoretical literature as well as through known empirical research regarding the matter and suggests that mainly co-workers are able to provide reform in terms of content, direction and practical solutions. The conclusion is that leadership is indeed an overrated factor in explaining reforms. The emphasis on leadership disregards an old-fashioned but perhaps still relevant concept, namely that working groups / project teams are oft en self-regulating, despite what leaders believe. Although empirical research taking organizational tenure into account is scarce and scattered, there is some evidence that the communities of practice are important for conserving, changing and developing organizational values and norms.

In consequence, theorizing about reforms and especially the implementation thereof needs to pay more attention to horizontal relations in the organization - the role of colleagues and especially the role of experienced organizational members.
Party Patronage and State Politicisation in The Post- Communist Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Nakrošis Vitalis , Gudžinskas Liutauras
Published: June 2013

This article aims at offering a framework for analysing party patronage and state politicisation based on game-theoretic reasoning. It is argued that in order to reveal the main causal mechanisms behind these phenomena, one can focus on the cooperation between political parties analysis based on the model of prisoner’s dilemma. The article identifies four sets of obstacles to party cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: unstable and polarised party systems; “the rules of the game” legitimising party patronage; dense party networks and their building through patronage; and insufficient regulation and weak enforcement of the merit principle in state administrations. The influence of these causal mechanisms in the post-communist countries can be explored through historical process-tracing and other methods. Finally, the article proposes several country-specific hypotheses for the empirical study of party patronage and state politicisation in Lithuania
The Mixing of Passive and Non-Passive Resultative Adjectives in Polish
Authors: Cetnarowska Bożena
Published: June 2013

Bożena Cetnarowska. The Mixing of Passive and Non-Passive Resultative Adjectives in Polish. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 23-35.

The present paper aims to investigate the class of Polish resultative adjectives. Section 1 gives a brief overview of participial adjectives in Polish, referred to as “resultatives” in studies on Polish wordformation. Sections 2 and 3 examine the ambiguity between perfect and resultative interpretation of participial adjectives, as well as the distinction between subject-oriented and object-oriented adjectives. The discussion in sections 4-6 focuses on the rivalry between two adjectivizing suffixes in Polish: the suffix -ł- (which also appears in past tense forms) and the suffix -n-/-t- (which functions as a passive marker). Special attention is paid to the occurrence of novel nonstandard S-oriented resultative adjectives terminating in -nięty, such as wyblaknięty (colloq.) ‘faded’.
Angioedema in progressive muscular dystrophy: a case report
Authors: Dermendzhiev Svetlan M. , Simeonova Radostina , Murdjeva Marianna A.
Published: June 2013

INTRODUCTION: Systemic allergic reactions, which include angioedema, are very common in clinical practice. There is great diversity in the etiological factors known to trigger angioedema, and in the pathogenetic mechanisms defi ning this condition. Beside the broad spectrum of immuno-allergic reactions involved in the angioedemic pathogenesis, this condition is known to also develop on the background of other disorders. These disorders may be of different etiology and have different pathogenesis (either non-immune or immune) but have one common feature referred to as “serological overlap”. From research and clinical perspective, it is interesting to explore the combination of some rare neurological diseases, such as myopathies and in particular muscular dystrophies with systemic allergic reactions such as angioedema, urticaria and others. It is known that progressive muscular dystrophies (PMD) are hereditary diseases with different types of inheritance - X-chromosome recessive, X-chromosome dominant, autosomal dominant and others. In some forms, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an increased expression of perforin in muscle is found which is evidence for involvement of the cellular immune response in the pathogenesis of myopathy. It is in this sense that it is interesting to explore and discuss a clinical case diagnosed as a facioscapulohumeral form of PMD, which also manifests angioedema with urticaria.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 41-year-old male hospitalized in the Division of Occupational Diseases and Allergology at St. George University Hospital in Plovdiv who suffered two incidents of massive angioedema on the face, back and chest, accompanied by an itchy urticarial rash. In 1985, after hospitalization to the Clinic of Neurology, he was diagnosed with PMD of facioscapulohumeral type. The medical history could not reveal any of the most common etiologic factors such as drugs, food, insects and other allergens that may be associated with the systemic allergic reactions. The abnormalities we found (although they are only of specifi c indices of humoral immunity) give some reasons to assume the hypothesis of possible causation between the primary neurological disorder as a trigger for this kind of allergy.

CONCLUSION: The reported case demonstrates that in addition to the cellular immunity abnormalities we identifi ed, the abnormalities in some components of humoral immunity should also be taken into consideration. Good knowledge of the allergic factors and the mechanisms of allergic reactions is of paramount importance for an effi cacious approach to the problems faced by patients with such rare pathology.
Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 5. General references and supplements to previous parts
Authors: Uhrin Marcel , Danko Štefan , Latková Hana
Published: June 2013

The aim of the bibliography is to provide a list of publications on the raptors and owls of Slovakia and of Slovak authors including articles dealing with various organisational issues. The previous parts, which focused on genera from the orders Accipitrifromes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes, are now followed by a fifth part focusing on the raptor and owl species mentioned in various wider associations in the individualarticles. The species, objective and author indexes and the list of periodicals enable better overview
Lake ice ablation rates from permanently ice-covered Antarctic lakes
Authors: Dugan H.A. , Obryk M.K. , Doran P.T.
Published: June 2013

In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, three large, permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes exist along the floor of Taylor Valley. Lake ice ablation (loss of ice mass) is calculated as the sum of sublimation and surface melt, and is the driver of ice-cover turnover in these systems. In Taylor Valley, both manual and automated lake ice ablation rates have been calculated from 2001 to 2011. Results indicate relatively consistent winter ablation of 0.07–0.21 m (0.2–0.7 mm w.e. d−1). Summer ablation of lake ice is more variable and ranges from 0.25 to 1.62 m (5–31 mm w.e. d−1) over an average 51 day period. Previous to this study, ablation rates have been cited as 0.35 m a−1in the dry valleys from sublimation modeling based on meteorological variables. We show that this value has significantly underestimated mean ablation and ice-cover turnover on the Taylor Valley lakes.
Development Of Insecticide Application Schedule For Management Of Flower Thrips And Pod Borer In Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Hossain Md. Altaf
Published: June 2013

The experiments were conducted to develop insecticide (Imidachlorpid, Imitaf 20SL at 0.5 ml/l) application schedule for the effective management of thrips and pod borer attacking mungbean during kharif-I season of 2010 and 2011. In both the years, suppression of thrips population and pod borer infestation were higher in double sprayed treatment than single spraying. Single spraying at 35 DAS (100% flowering) and 42 DAS (100% podding stage) suppressed flower infestation by thrips upto 86 and 93%, respectively, during 2010 and 100 & 96%, respectively, during 2011. Double spraying at 42 DAS (100% podding) and 49 DAS (seed developing stage) reduced more pod borer infestation as much as 81-83%. In kharif-I 2010, significantly the highest yield (1798 kg/ha) and MBCR (4.67) were obtained from the plots sprayed twice with Imidachlorpid at 42 DAS (100% podding) and 49 DAS (seed developing stage) but in kharif-I 2011, significantly the highest yield (1457 kg/ha) and MBCR (5.75) were obtained from the plots sprayed twice with Imidachlorpid at 35 DAS (100% flowering) and 42 DAS (100% podding stage). The double spray schedule appeared to be more effective than single spraying against pod borer. But single spray at 42 DAS (100% podding stage) appeared as more effective against flower thrips. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 19-28, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15186
Effect Of Sowing Dates On Year Round Production Of Foliage Of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Rahman MM , Hossain MM , Karim AJM Sirajul , Khaliq QA
Published: June 2013

Four genotypes of coriander (CS001, CS002, CS003, and CS004) were planted at twenty different dates starting from 01 March 2008 at 15 days interval to 15 February 2009 at the research farm of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to assess the genotypes for year round production of foliage of coriander. It revealed that the number of plants/m2 and foliage yield/ha decreased with the increase of temperature. The 01 January 2009 sowing gave the maximum foliage yield (6.38 t/ha) followed by 01 December 2008 sowing (6.05 t/ha). The genotype CS003 was the best yielder followed by CS001 and CS002. Performances of genotypes were the poorest during hot periods i.e. 01 April 2008 to 01 October 2008. The genotypes CS001, CS002 and CS003 performed better with regard to foliage production from 01 September 2008 to 15 February 2009 and in 15 March 2008, while the genotype CS008 gave better result from 15 October 2008 to 01 February 2009. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 29-39, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15187
Effect Of Soil And Foliar Applications Of Zinc And Iron On The Yield And Quality Of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Trivedi AP , Dhumal KN
Published: June 2013

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Manjari, Pune (Maharashtra), India during kharif season of 2004 and 2005 to find out the effect of application of zinc and iron and their different modes of applications on growth, yield, and quality of onion. There were 27 treatment combinations with Zn and Fe were applied either in the soil or as foliar spray with cow dung slurry/FYM/gibbrelic acid/amino acids/2,4- D to onion. Application of Zn significantly increased the bulb weight (73.9 g), bulb yield (45 t/ha) when applied with 2,4-D (3 ppm) as foliar spray. Zinc application significantly influenced the bulb quality and recorded the highest A grade bulbs and the lowest poor quality C grade bulbs when applied with 2,4-D (81.9%) as foliar spray. The maximum medium B grade bulbs were obtained with the application of Fe with cow dung slurry (11.4%). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 41-48, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15188
Variability And Character Association In Bangladhonia (Eryngium foetidum L.)
Authors: Mozumder SN , Rahaman MM , Hossain MM
Published: June 2013

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Field Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2005 to July 2006. Twelve genotypes of Bangladhonia (E. foetidum L.) were collected from different parts of Bangladesh and evaluated them to analyze the variations. Most of the yield attributing characters and individual plant performances exhibited insignificant differences among the genotypes. All the genotype had the similar plant and leaf size, number of leaves/plant, weight of leaves/plant, flowering behavior, yields and other qualitative characters. Greater positive correlation was observed between plant populations with yield performances. The symmetric performance indicted that all the genotype belongs from the same species of E. foetidum L. and there was no major phenotypic or genotypic variation among them. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 77-84, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15192
Towards Rational Design of Nanoparticle Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yan Ning
Published: June 2013

This feature article introduces the strategies on the design of highly efficient nanoparticle (NP) catalytic systems in ionic liquids (ILs). The employment of functional ILs as the media for NP preparation and catalysis could prove advantageous in terms of enhancing both NP stability and catalytic activity. Hydroxyl group functionalized ILs, in particular, exhibited a remarkable promotion effect on a variety of reactions catalyzed by NPs, such as hydrogenation over Rh NPs, hydrodehalogenation over Pt NPs and Suzuki reaction over Pd NPs. In some cases, tailor-made stabilizer is used in addition to keep the NPs sufficiently stable. For example, a carboxylic group modified polyvinylpyrrolidone endows NPs three-fold stabilization, including steric, electrostatic and ligand stabilizations, which leads to excellent stability of the NPs. The catalytic activities of these NPs, on the other hand, are not compromised, as each of these stabilizations is not too strong. Following that, the article describes our recent work on the rational design of bimetallic NPs in ILs and the development of multifunctional systems involving NPs for a tandem reaction sequence that convert lignin-derived phenolic compounds into fuels.
Supramolecular Assemblies from Poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymers Mixed with 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid
Authors: Bharatiya Bhavesh , Schumers Jean-Marc , Poggi Elio , Gohy Jean-François
Published: June 2013

Supramolecular assemblies involving interaction of a small organic molecule, 2-hydroxy-6-Naphthoic acid (HNA), with poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymers are utilized to obtain micellar structures in solution, nanostructured thin films on flat substrates and, finally, nanoporous thin films. The formation of hydrogen bonds between HNA and the poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) blocks is confirmed by spectroscopic measurements. The accordingly P4VP/HNA hydrogen-bonded complexes are poorly soluble in 1,4-dioxane, resulting in the formation of micellar structures with a P4VP/HNA core and a polystyrene (PS) corona. Those micelles have been spin-coated onto silicon wafers, resulting in nanostructured thin films consisting of P4VP/HNA dot-like features embedded in a PS matrix. The morphology of those films has been tuned by solvent annealing. Selective dissolution of HNA by methanol results in the formation of a nanoporous thin film. The P4VP/HNA nanodomains have been also cross-linked by borax, and the thin films have been further dissolved in a good solvent for PS, leading to micelles with a structure reminiscent of the thin films.
Amélie, transfert ou lien
Authors: Fonseca Christiane
Published: June 2013

Dans les psychothérapies des états limites et certaines thérapies d’enfants, on peut se demander si la relation entre le patient et l’analyste est de l’ordre du transfert ou du lien. Dans le cas d’Amélie, il s’agit plutôt de lien. Cette fillette carencée souffre d’une angoisse dépressive masquée par une organisation déficitaire et des défenses maniaques. Sa relation à la thérapeute, tantôt fuyante, tantôt familière, apparaît finalement adhésive. C’est surtout grâce à un Pierrot qu’elle peut exprimer son sentiment d’abandon et ses pulsions agressives. Mais, malgré ses progrès relationnels, elle a du mal à accéder au symbolique et sa thérapie se termine par une rupture du lien qui est resté difficile à intégrer.
La fin de la tripartition ?
Authors: Gougou Florent , Labouret Simon
Published: June 2013

La tripartition entre la gauche, la droite modérée et l’extrême droite constituait un des fondements de l’ordre électoral en place en France depuis 1984. Brutalement remise en cause par Nicolas Sarkozy en 2007, la fracture électorale entre l’UMP et le FN ne s’est pas rétablie en 2012 en dépit du redressement de l’extrême droite et du score élevé de Marine Le Pen à l’élection présidentielle. Si le FN demeure une force isolée dans le système partisan, la poursuite de la radicalisation de l’UMP sur l’immigration, l’insécurité et l’identité nationale a abouti à la confirmation des évolutions de la géographie électorale de la droite modérée et des logiques de vote en sa faveur, deux dynamiques qui traduisent un rapprochement des électorats de l’UMP et du FN.
Using Social Media
Authors: Spellos James
Published: June 2013

Social media has become mainstream in both our personal and our professional lives. Some of its uses, including promoting professional development activities, are described in this column.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(6):240–241.
Rapid Response Systems Update
Authors: Winterbottom Fiona , Castex Julie , Campbell Anita
Published: June 2013

Rapid response is a mature concept that is undergoing metamorphosis. The ideal structure and function of these safety teams has not yet been realized but new developments in the field of rapid response systems are evolving.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(6):242–243.
In Vitro Characterization of Calcium Salts as Delivery Vehicles for Insulin
Authors: Al-Zu’be Loay A. , Al-Momani Thakir D. , Al-Bataineh Osama M. , Tahtamouni Lubna H.
Published: June 2013

Normalization of blood glucose levels with systemic insulin or by local administration of insulin to the fracture site can normalize early parameters of fracture healing. However, the short biological half-lives of growth factors and cytokines may impose severe restraints on their clinical usefulness. To find an optimal carrier, calcium salts (Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)) have been investigated as possible delivery vehicles for insulin in osseous repair. Released kinetics was determined for both materials by measuring insulin concentrations using a specific insulin ELISA Kit. The data showed that CaSO4caused a big burst of insulin release, and continues to release the insulin for 5 hours. However, TCP gradually released insulin to the solution in smaller quantities for approximately 12 hours.
Textures of the Hot-Forged Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Bunsch Adam , Ratuszek Wiktoria , Witkowska Małgorzata , Kowalska Joanna , Łukaszek-Sołek Aneta
Published: June 2013

This paper presents the results of the texture investigation in the hexagonal phase and the body-centered cubic  phase of the Ti6Al4V alloy hot-deformed by forging. Forging was performed at two different temperatures on the occurrence of the single  and in the two-phase  +  state. It was found that after deformation both  and  phases are textured and their textures strongly depends on deformation temperature.
Low-Temperature XRD Study of Phase Transformations in NiTi and TiNiCo Shape Memory Alloys Used for the Preparation of the Prototypes of Medical Implants
Authors: Lekston Zdzisław , Zubko Maciej
Published: June 2013

The NiTi shape memory alloys with ternary additions of Co are being considered for future applications in the construction of medical products. In this study the commercially available Ni50.8Ti49.2 medical alloy and Ti50Ni48.7Co1.3 alloy obtained by the conventional VIM technique, were used to prepare shape memory and superelastic staples. The phase transformations in the wires of those alloys after various thermo-mechanical and thermal treatments have been defined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method and three-point bending and free recovery ASTM F2082-06 tests. In this work the courses of phase transformations in the studied alloys were investigated by means of the low-temperature X-ray powder diffraction method. In both alloys after cold working and annealing during cooling two phase transformations occur: from parent B2-phase to rhombohedral R-phase and monoclinic B19’ martensite phase. Such phase transformations are fully reversible during heating and the obtained characteristic temperatures from DSC and X-ray powder diffraction measurements are in good agreement.
Characterization of CdCrTe Layers Obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Sagan Piotr , Popovych Volodymyr , Bester Mariusz , Kuzma Marian
Published: June 2013

In this paper we have obtained CdCrTe thin layers by PLD method using the YAG:Nd3+ laser with pulse length 250μs. Synthesized CdCrTe solid solution with 50% at. of Cr has been taken as a target. The layers were deposited on KCl substrate. The target and films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, TEM microscope and THEED electron diffraction. The morphology of the layers are homogenous. However, we have detected several crystallographic phases: cubic CdTe, hexagonal Cr and hexagonal Te. From the measurements of lattice constant of the layer, their composition was determined to be x=0,14
Characteristic of Crystallite Sizes and Lattice Deformations Changes in the Oxide Layer Formed on Steel Operated for a Long Time at an Elevated Temperature
Authors: Gwoździk Monika
Published: June 2013

The paper presents results of studies on the phase composition, crystallite sizes and lattice deformations of oxide layers formed during a long-term operation on X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel. Test specimens were taken from a live steam pipeline operated at 535°C for 70,000 hours. X-ray studies were carried out on the tube outside surface (on the flue gas side), then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer. X-ray phase analysis was performed using a SEIFFERT 3003 T/T X-ray diffractometer, with a cobalt tube of λCo= 0.17902nm wavelength. crystallographic database were used for the phase identification.