bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pluralist Revolt
Authors: Cahoone Lawrence ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2021

Post–World War Two philosophy in America has been divided into the mainstream of analytic philosophy and a family of nonanalytic schools of thought, for example, continental philosophy and American pragmatism. The current balance of power among these perspectives reflects an event that occurred forty years ago: the “Pluralist Revolt” at the 1979 APA Eastern Division Meetings. What follows is a progress report on the Revolt’s hopes. The tale has something to do with the recent history of philosophy, Richard Rorty, truth, and with the New York Christmas of 1979. It also has to do with recent politics. For while, as the Pluralists hoped, nonanalytic philosophy is today more prominent, and mainstream analytic philosophy more pluralist, than in the 1970s, political trends of recent decades have differently affected analytic and nonanalytic philosophers. The result may be a new version of what C. P. Snow called “The Two Cultures.”
Bloques textuales en la creación de universos ficticios de la novela realista española: un estudio de corpus
Authors: Nieto Caballero Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta un análisis sobre bloques textuales en la novela realista española y su función como elemento que ayuda a configurar los universos ficticios de las historias. El análisis se ha llevado a cabo sobre un corpus de cien novelas de nueve autores canónicos (c. 8 millones de palabras). Para identificar los bloques textuales hemos empleado una metodología de estilística de corpus, que nos ha permitido identificar los ejemplos de manera automática y calibrar su representatividad. Los resultados obtenidos han sido clasificados según grandes bloques de significado: espacio, tiempo, lenguaje corporal, discurso. El análisis de los ejemplos revela la existencia de una serie de hábitos lingüísticos que podríamos considerar transversales y propios de la novela realista como movimiento literario y que van más allá de la idiosincrasia estilística de cada autor.Textual building blocks and the shaping of fictional universes in Spanish Realism: A corpus approach
Discourses on the Edges of Life(V. Salvador, A. Koťátková& I. Clemente, eds.), Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2020
Authors: Morales Esperanza
Published: May 2021

The title of the book shows, based on a metaphor, the use of euphemism to refer to death. The reader can obtain a transversal vision of this subject: from traditional thought to the great change that took place in the 19th century with the professionalization of health and death, and finally, in the present time, the interweaving with technology. The result is the unfolding of a wide variety of discourses: from thinkers, health professionals, patient testimonies through their narratives, stories from the doctors themselves and writers of diverse genres.
El estilo narrativo en H.P. Lovecraft: un análisis cuantitativo de The Call of Cthulhu y otras obras icónicas
Authors: Arroyo-Barrigüete Jose Luis
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo analiza la presencia de un patrón muy específico tanto en The Call of Cthulhu como en otras de las obras icónicas de Lovecraft. Combinando el análisis literario con técnicas computacionales de minería de textos, se ha podido cuantificar dicho patrón, que se articula alrededor de tres ejes. En primer lugar, la creación de una atmósfera vertebrada en torno a los sentimientos de miedo, confianza y tristeza, que además se presentan exactamente en ese orden de importancia, y cuya combinación genera emociones de sumisión y desesperación. El segundo eje está relacionado con el sentimiento de confianza, concentrada principalmente al principio de la obra, momento en el que se busca precisamente dotar de credibilidad a los extraordinarios hechos que se relatarán más adelante, en el clímax de la obra. Por último, el tercer eje es el giro final, en el que se produce una reacción de quien entra en contacto con las monstruosas criaturas, alcanzando una pírrica victoria, que sin embargo resulta inútil a largo plazo. Un sentimiento de ira creciente a lo largo de toda la obra, que alcanza su máximo precisamente en este último evento, refuerza esta idea de reacción última y desesperada.
Subjectivity or?
Authors: Dreier Ole
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to give a brief presentation of an approach to developing the conception of subjectivity in psychology. This conception is developed on the background of the science of the subject of critical psychology as founded by Holzkamp (1983) which considers subjectivity as a core concept in human psychology. In the conception presented in this paper, it is argued that human subjectivity must be grasped as grounded in a subject’s ongoing situated participation and conduct of everyday life in and across various, structurally arranged social practices. It is argued why such a conception of subjectivity is necessary and its main concepts are briefly presented. A critical identification of methodological and conceptual inadequacies in narrower notions of the psyche and subjectivity paves the way for the line of arguments leading to this broader conception of subjectivity.
Key circular RNAs identified in male osteoporosis patients by whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Zhang Haijin , Song Xue , Teng Zongyan , Cheng Sujun , Yu Weigang , Yao Xiaoyi , Song Zhiqiang , Zhang Yina
Published: May 2021

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease with bone loss and microstructural deterioration. Numerous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been proved to participate in various diseases, especially circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the expression profile and mechanisms underlying circRNAs in male osteoporosis have not yet been explored.

Methods

The whole transcriptome expression profile and differences in mRNAs, circRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated in peripheral blood samples of patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls consisting of males ≥ 60-years-old.

Results

A total of 398 circRNAs, 51 miRNAs, and 642 mRNAs were significantly and differentially expressed in osteoporosis compared to healthy controls. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the host genes of significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of cell cycle process: biological process (BP), organelle part cellular components (CC), protein binding molecular function (MF), Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and thyroid hormone signaling pathway. circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using the differentially expressed RNAs. Moreover, key circRNAs (hsa_circ_0042409) in osteoporosis were discovered and validated by qPCR.

Conclusions

The key cicrRNAs plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and could be used as potential biomarkers or targets in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Polysaccharides and polyphenol in dried Morinda citrifolia fruit tea after different processing conditions: Optimization analysis using response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Qingfen , Yang Fei , Jia Dandan , Wu Tian
Published: May 2021

The increasing popularity of Morinda citrifolia has many medical and health benefits because of its rich polysaccharides (PSC) and polyphenols (PPN). It has become popular to brew the dry M. citrifolia fruit slice as tea in some regions of China. In this study, optimize the extraction parameters of M. citrifolia fruit tea polysaccharides and polyphenols using response surface methodology. The results indicated the highest PSC yield of 17% at 46 °C for 11 min and the ratio of water/M. citrifolia fruit powder was 78 mL/g. The optimum extraction of PPN was at 95 °C for 10 min and the ratio of water/M. citrifolia fruit powder 90 mL/g, with 8.93% yield. Using dry M. citrifolia fruit slices as a tea is reported for the first time. Based on the results, the maximum level of PSC can be obtained under condition by infusing about four dried M. citrifolia fruit slice with average thickness and size in warm boiled water for 11 min, taking a 300 mL cup (300 mL of water) for example. The maximum level of PPN can be obtained by adding three slices of dried M. citrifolia fruit slice to boiled water for 10 min. Considering the powder used in our study, the further pulverization of cutting into powder is more conducive to material precipitation. This study provides a scientific basis for obtaining PSC and PPN from dry M. citrifolia fruit slice tea by brewing.
Screening of Alpha Amylase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants and Development of Herbal Tea
Authors: Alakolanga A. G. A. W. , Usna J. F. , Samarasinghe K. G. B. A.
Published: May 2021

Aims: Herbal medicines are widely used because of its health benefits and minimum side effects. There are many underutilized medicinal herbs in Sri Lanka which are not subjected to any scientific study to prove their health benefits. The present study attempted to identify the health benefits and possibility to develop herbal teas from selected herbs; Solanum trilobatum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Acalypha indica and Plectranthus amboinicus.

Study Design:  Complete Randomized Design was employed.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Agricultural Chemistry Laboratory of Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka From November 2018 to March 2019.

Methodology: Leaf samples of these herbs were oven dried for 12 hours at 50 . Infusions were prepared by boiling varying amounts of leaf samples from 1g to 5g in 100 ml of distilled water and tested for antioxidant activity with DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay and α-amylase inhibition activity using Dinitrosalicylic acid method. Sensory evaluation was conducted for the same infusions with ISO-3103 specifications to select the best amounts of samples for consumption. The selected amounts were subjected to chemical analysis.

Results: The best antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition activity were observed in C.halicacabum with 7.71 mg ml-1 and 45.51 mg ml-1 IC50 values respectively. Results confirmed that all leaf infusions contain Anthocyanin (4.20-0.11mg dm-3), Polyphenols (120.49-32.93 mg dm-3  and Free Sugar (262.95-24.67mg dm-3).

Conclusion: Selected herbs show positive responses towards selected biochemical properties and there is a very good potential to develop herbal teas with interesting health benefits with high customer attraction. C. halicacabum shows the best potential among selected herbs. However, it is suggested to carry out further studies to confirm these results and find out any adverse effects of overconsumption.
Investigation on Chemical, Physical and Biological Assets of a Pioneering biomolecule: (2e)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Prop-2-En-1-One
Authors: Vasanthi R. , Jonathan D. Reuben , Sathya S. , Revathi B. K. , Usha G.
Published: May 2021

A chalcone derivative, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (HEHP), C17 H16 O4, has been synthesized from the mixture of 4-hydroxyacetophenone (0.05mol) and 4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde (0.05mol) and by following Claisen-Schmidt reaction mechanism. Three-dimensional molecular structure, orthorhombic crystal system, and Pbca space group for the title compound were elucidated via single crystal XRD spectral study. The appearance of the vibration and absorptions for functional groups were identified using the FT-IR spectrum. 1H and 13CNMR spectra were recorded to recognize the number of unique protons and carbon environments and the best estimation of functionality based on shielding/ deshielding effects. The UV-Visible spectral study gives assistance to appreciate the absorbance and transmittance capabilities of the title molecule while Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the compound indicates the blue light emission in the visible region. Information regarding the endothermic and exothermic processes correlated with the sample was obtained from TG/DTA thermal analysis and the material was found to be stable up to 216°C. Mechanical properties such as the Hardness (HV), Meyer's index (n), Newtonian resistance pressure (W), load independent constant (b) and elastic stiffness constant (Cij) were calculated by performing a Vickers hardness test on the compound and they demonstrate excellent mechanical power. The as-synthesized molecule has been screened for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities and observed to exhibit promising activity against various microorganisms
The Role of Demographic Transition, Technological Innovation on Environmental Degradation in the Congo Basin
Authors: Nguambi Ebai Rascobi Akololos , Ibrahim Ngouhouo , Nkwenti ZonyinObertine
Published: May 2021

Ensuring Environmental sustainability as a means of stimulating growth remains an issue of great concern. In the past decades the environment has been deteriorating and almost every part of the planet has been touched. The main cause of environmental degradation is linked to humans’ activities such as agricultural intensification, population growth and energy consumption. Demographic transition entails many challenges as the population decreases due to a fall in birth rate and high dependency ratio, the technological progress usually improve health care and standard of living thereby increasing the life expectancies. The objective of this paper is therefore to investigate whether excess demography and technological innovation can explain the environmental degradation in the Countries that make up the Congo Basin. By applying the panel ARDL model (PMG), we realized that the demographic variables (Life Expectancy and depending ratio) negatively influence the environmental degradation. We equally found that technological innovation significantly reduces environmental emissions. However, the results do not support the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for most of the countries except for Gabon and the Republic of Congo. Finally this region through policy implementation has to make greater efforts in controlling demographic change and new technologies that are environmentally friendly.
Internal Stress Evolution and Subsurface Phase Transformation in Titanium Parts Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion—An In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Schmeiser Felix , Krohmer Erwin , Schell Norbert , Uhlmann Eckart , Reimers Walter
Published: May 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a metal additive manufacturing technology, which enables the manufacturing of complex geometries for various metals and alloys. Herein, parts made from commercially pure titanium are studied using in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments. Both the phase transformation and the internal stress buildup are evaluated depending on the processing parameters. For this purpose, evaluation approaches for both temperature and internal stresses from in situ diffraction patterns are presented. Four different parameter sets with varying energy inputs and laser scanning strategies are investigated. A combination of a low laser power and scanning speed leads to a more homogeneous stress distribution in the observed gauge volumes. The results show that the phase transformation is triggered during the primary melting and solidification of the powder and subsurface layers. Furthermore, the stress buildup as a function of the part height during the manufacturing process is clarified. A stress maximum is formed below the part surface, extending into deeper layers with increasing laser power. A temperature evaluation approach for absolute internal stresses shows that directional stresses decrease sharply during laser impact and reach their previous magnitude again during cooling.
Inorganic Agents for Enhanced Angiogenesis of Orthopedic Biomaterials
Authors: Šalandová Monika , van Hengel Ingmar A. J. , Apachitei Iulian , Zadpoor Amir A. , van der Eerden Bram C. J. , Fratila‐Apachitei Lidy E.
Published: May 2021

Aseptic loosening of a permanent prosthesis remains one of the most common reasons for bone implant failure. To improve the fixation between implant and bone tissue as well as enhance blood vessel formation, bioactive agents are incorporated into the surface of the biomaterial. This study reviews and compares five bioactive elements (copper, magnesium, silicon, strontium, and zinc) with respect to their effect on the angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) when incorporated on the surface of biomaterials. Moreover, it provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art methodologies used for the in vitro assessment of the angiogenic properties of these elements. Two databases are searched using keywords containing ECs and copper, magnesium, silicon, strontium, and zinc. After applying the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 59 articles are retained for the final assessment. An overview of the angiogenic properties of five bioactive elements and the methods used for assessment of their in vitro angiogenic potential is presented. The findings show that silicon and strontium can effectively enhance osseointegration through the simultaneous promotion of both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Therefore, their integration onto the surface of biomaterials can ultimately decrease the incidence of implant failure due to aseptic loosening.
Soft Robotic Manipulators: Designs, Actuation, Stiffness Tuning, and Sensing
Authors: Dou Weiqiang , Zhong Guoliang , Cao Jinglin , Shi Zhun , Peng Bowen , Jiang Liangzhong
Published: May 2021

Soft robotic manipulators are continuum robots made of soft materials and flexible components. The goal of soft robotic manipulators research is to enable these manipulators to adapt their shapes to cluttered environments and to have safer interactions with human. However, there is still a problem with effectively using soft robotic manipulators in practical applications. The challenges of soft robotic manipulators in terms of materials and structure design, stiffness control, perception, and function control remain to be overcome. Here, an overview of recent advances in this field is presented, covering device architectures, actuation, variable stiffness, and sensing. Actuator technologies are discussed and roughly divided into three categories: a) tendon‐driven actuation, b) fluidic actuation, and c) stimuli‐responsive actuation, which is based on smart materials. Considering the working principle of stiffness variation technologies, stiffness variation technologies can be divided into two categories: a) using the interactions between structural elements, b) direct material rigidity tuning strategies. A briefly review of soft sensing technologies is presented. From the functional perspective, sensor technologies are divide into two categories: proprioception and exteroception. A conception for designing soft robotic manipulators is proposed from the perspective of soft robotic manipulator applications. Finally, the challenges this field faces are discussed.
Malignant mesothelioma: Ongoing controversies about its etiology in females
Authors: Baur Xaver , Frank Arthur L. , Soskolne Colin L. , Oliver L. Christine , Magnani Corrado
Published: May 2021

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is one of the most aggressive cancers with the poorest of outcomes. There is no doubt that mesothelioma in males is related to asbestos exposure, but some authors suggest that most of the cases diagnosed in females are “idiopathic.” In our assessment of the science, the “low risk” of mesothelioma in females is because of the nonsystematic recording of exposure histories among females. Indeed, asbestos exposure is mentioned in only some of the studies that include females. We estimate the risk of MM among females to be close to that in males. The absence of detailed exposure histories should be rectified in future studies involving ​women. As a matter of social justice, the ongoing failure to recognize asbestos as the cause of a majority of cases of MM in females does them, and their kin, a profound disservice.
An intrafamilial phenotypic variability in Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome due to a novel 27 bps deletion mutation
Authors: Zaka Ayesha , Shahzad Shaheen , Rao Hadi Zahid , Kanwal Sadia , Gul Asma , Basit Sulman
Published: May 2021

Ellis‐van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, characterized by ectodermal, skeletal, and cardiac anomalies. We report intrafamilial phenotypic variability in three new EvC syndrome cases. Affected males in this study showed only ectodermal abnormalities, whereas an affected female showed the classical presentation of EvC Syndrome, including bilateral postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and congenital heart defects. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the causative variant, followed by validation and segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. A homozygous deletion variant (c.731_757del) was identified in exon 6 of the EVC gene (NM_153717.2). The identified variant is considered to be the most likely candidate variant for the EvC syndrome in the family based on previous reports validating the role of EVC variants in the EvC syndrome. The disease correctly segregated in the family members, as all affected members were homozygous, and obligate carriers were heterozygous. Our family is remarkable in highlighting the variable expressivity of the EvC phenotype within the same family, due to a homozygous deletion mutation in the EVC gene. The variable expressivity might be due to the hypomorphic nature of mutation, or the presence of additional variants in modifier genes or in the regulatory regions of the EVC/EVC2 genes.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions by Manganese Pincer Complexes
Authors: Nad Pinaki , Mukherjee Arup
Published: May 2021

Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions has emerged as one of the promising technique in synthetic organic chemistry to construct carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds in an environmentally benign and sustainable way. The methodology is highly atom economical and produces water and hydrogen as the byproducts. This protocol, coupled with the earth‐abundant and less toxic manganese catalyst provides a unique opportunity to construct various synthons and biologically important motifs. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made with manganese catalysis based on the pincer ligands for various homogeneous transformations. This review covers the recent progress in the field of manganese catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions, their scope and brief mechanistic discussion.
One‐pot Synthesis of 3‐Acylsilane‐Substituted Isoquinolines via Rhodium (III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of O‐pivaloyl Oximes With Acryloylsilanes
Authors: Yang Zengbao , Zhou Hui , He Maoyao , Li Jianglian , Yang Zhongzhen , Wu Yong
Published: May 2021

A protocol realized by rhodium‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of O‐pivaloyl oximes with acryloylsilane was developed for synthesis of highly functionalized 3‐acylsilane‐substituted isoquinolines. This reaction features mild condition, broad substrate tolerance, operational simplicity and excellent chemoselectivity. Furthermore, 3‐acylsilane‐substituted isoquinoline cores could be further modificated and have important application potential in organic synthesis.
Total Synthesis of Taiwaniaquinoids: A Strategic Account
Authors: Graham Marlowe S. , McErlean Christopher S. P.
Published: May 2021

Due to their novel architectures and promising biological activities, the family of taiwaniaquinoid natural products continues to capture the attention of synthetic chemists. This mini‐review highlights recent advances in the total synthesis of taiwaniaquinoids, with a focus on the overarching synthetic strategies that have been employed to access the structural and stereochemical diversity that exists among these plant secondary metabolites.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−C Cleavage of Carbohydrates: An Efficient Access to Quinazolinone Scaffolds
Authors: Philips Abigail , Raja Dineshkumar , Arumugam Ajithkumar , Lin Wei‐Yu , Chandru Senadi Gopal
Published: May 2021

A copper‐catalyzed oxidative coupling strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 4(3H)‐quinazolinones and benzoimidazoquinazoline using glucose as renewable C1 synthon. Isotope labelling studies using 13C6 D‐glucose and DMSO‐d6 confirmed the role of D‐glucose as C1 source. The significant features of this method include (i) utilization of 0.25 to 0.5 equiv., of D‐glucose as a multi‐C1 synthon; (ii) biomass‐derived platform chemical as carbon synthon; (iii) atom‐economical and benign conditions and; (iv) synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloid and precursor.
Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease in Caribbean Hispanics
Authors: Sariya Sanjeev , Felsky Daniel , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Lali Ricky , Lantigua Rafael A. , Vardarajan Badri , Jiménez‐Velázquez Ivonne Z. , Haines Jonathan L. , Shellenberg Gerard D. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A , Paré Guillaume , Mayeux Richard , Tosto Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Objective

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess the individual genetic propensity to a condition by combining sparse information scattered across genetic loci, often displaying small effect sizes. Most PRSs are constructed in European‐ancestry populations, limiting their use in other ethnicities. Here we constructed and validated a PRS for late‐onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) in Caribbean Hispanics (CH).

Methods

We used a CH discovery (n = 4,312) and independent validation sample (n = 1,850) to construct an ancestry‐specific PRS (“CH‐PRS”) and evaluated its performance alone and with other predictors using the area under curve (AUC) and logistic regression (strength of association with LOAD and statistical significance). We tested if CH‐PRS predicted conversion to LOAD in a subsample with longitudinal data (n = 1,239). We also tested the CH‐PRS in an independent replication CH cohort (n = 200) and brain autopsy cohort (n = 33). Finally, we tested the effect of ancestry on PRS by using European and African American discovery cohorts to construct alternative PRSs (“EUR‐PRS”, “AA‐PRS”).

Results

The full model (LOAD ~ CH‐PRS + sex + age + APOE‐ɛ4), achieved an AUC = 74% (ORCH‐PRS = 1.51 95%CI = 1.36–1.68), raising to >75% inAPOE‐ɛ4non‐carriers. CH‐PRS alone achieved an AUC = 72% in the autopsy cohort, raising to AUC = 83% in full model. Higher CH‐PRS was significantly associated with clinical LOAD in the replication CH cohort (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.19–2.17) and significantly predicted conversion to LOAD (HR = 1.93, CI = 1.70–2.20) in the longitudinal subsample. EUR‐PRS and AA‐PRS reached lower prediction accuracy (AUC = 58% and 53%, respectively).

Interpretation

Enriching diversity in genetic studies is critical to provide an effective PRS in profiling LOAD risk across populations. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:366–376
Hypsochromic Shift of Multiple‐Resonance‐Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence by Oxygen Atom Incorporation
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki , Oda Susumu , Ricci Gaetano , Gotoh Hajime , Tabata Keita , Kawasumi Ryosuke , Beljonne David , Olivier Yoann , Hatakeyama Takuji
Published: May 2021

Herein, we reported an ultrapure blue multiple‐resonance‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) material (ν‐DABNA‐O‐Me) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield and a large rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing. Because of restricted π‐conjugation of the HOMO rather than the LUMO induced by oxygen atom incorporation, ν‐DABNA‐O‐Me shows a hypsochromic shift compared to the parent MR‐TADF material (ν‐DABNA). An organic light‐emitting diode based on this material exhibits an emission at 465 nm, with a small full‐width at half‐maximum of 23 nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.13, 0.10), and a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 29.5 %. Moreover, ν‐DABNA‐O‐Me facilitates a drastically improved efficiency roll‐off and a device lifetime compared to ν‐DABNA, which demonstrates significant potential of the oxygen atom incorporation strategy.
Simultaneous Regulation on Solvation Shell and Electrode Interface for Dendrite‐Free Zn Ion Batteries Achieved by a Low‐Cost Glucose Additive
Authors: Sun Peng , Ma Liang , Zhou Wanhai , Qiu Meijia , Wang Zilong , Chao Dongliang , Mai Wenjie
Published: May 2021

Dendrite growth and by‐products in Zn metal aqueous batteries have impeded their development as promising energy storage devices. We utilize a low‐cost additive, glucose, to modulate the typical ZnSO4 electrolyte system for improving reversible plating/stripping on Zn anode for high‐performance Zn ion batteries (ZIBs). Combing experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, we show that the glucose in ZnSO4 aqueous environment can simultaneously modulate solvation structure of Zn2+ and Zn anode‐electrolyte interface. The electrolyte engineering can alternate one H2O molecule from the primary Zn2+‐6H2O solvation shell and restraining side reactions due to the decomposition of active water. Concomitantly, glucose molecules are inclined to absorb on the surface of Zn anode, suppressing the random growth of Zn dendrite. As a proof of concept, a symmetric cell and Zn‐MnO2 full cell with glucose electrolyte achieve boosted stability than that with pure ZnSO4 electrolyte.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction of Ketimines and Unactivated Dienes
Authors: Zhao Qun , Li Yao , Zhang Qing‐Xia , Cheng Jin‐Pei , Li Xin
Published: May 2021

The enantioselective aza‐Diels–Alder reaction is efficient for constructing chiral tetrahydropyridines, but the catalytic asymmetric aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of ketimines with unactivated dienes is still a challenging topic. Herein, guided by computational screening, a highly enantioselective aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of 2‐aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐ones with unactivated dienes was realized by using a B(C6F5)3/chiral phosphoric acid catalyst system under mild conditions. The reaction has a broad scope with respect to both aza‐Diels–Alder reaction partners and hence offers rapid access to an array of tetrahydropyridine derivatives with pretty outcomes (up to 99 % yield, >20:1 dr and 98:2 er). The reaction is very efficient: lowering catalyst loadings for the model reaction to 0.1 mol %, enantioselectivity is still maintained. The synthetic utility was confirmed by transformations of the products. DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the interpretation of stereoselection.
A 2D Graphitic‐Polytriaminopyrimidine (g‐PTAP)/Poly(ether‐block‐amide) Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 Separation
Authors: Asim Mohd , Khan Abuzar , Helal Aasif , Alshitari Wael , Akbar Usman A. , Khan Mohd Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Poly(ether‐block‐amide)/g‐PTAP mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were developed by incorporating different wt.% (1–10%) of a novel 2D g‐PTAP nanofiller and its effects on membrane structure and gas permeability were studied. The novel 2D material g‐PTAP was synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques including field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated MMMs were investigated to study the interaction and compatibility between Pebax and g‐PTAP. The MMMs showed an effective integration of g‐PTAP nanofiller into the Pebax matrix without affecting its thermal stability. Gas permeation experiments with MMMs showed improved CO2 permeability and selectivity (CO2/N2) upon incorporation of g‐PTAP in the Pebax polymer matrix. The maximum CO2 permeability enhancement from 82.3 to 154.6 Barrer with highest CO2/N2 selectivity from 49.5 to 83.5 were found with 2.5 wt.% of nanofiller compared to neat Pebax membranes.
Statistical characteristics of Arctic forecast busts and their relationship to Arctic weather patterns in summer
Authors: Yamagami Akio , Matsueda Mio
Published: May 2021

Recently, human activity in the Arctic region, such as trans‐Arctic shipping, has increased due to the reduction in Arctic sea ice. Accurate weather forecasts will become increasingly important as the level of human activity in the Arctic continues to increase. Operational numerical weather predictions (NWPs) have been improved considerably over recent decades; however, they still occasionally generate large forecast errors referred to as “forecast busts.” This study investigates forecast busts over the Arctic between 2008 and 2019 using operational forecasts from five leading NWP centers. Forecasts with an anomaly correlation coefficient below its climatological 10th percentile, and a root‐mean‐square error above its 90th percentile at a lead time of 144 hr, are regarded as “busts.” The occurrence frequency of forecast busts decreased from 2008 (13–7%) to 2012 and was between 2 and 6% for the period 2012–2019. Arctic forecast busts were most frequent in the May and July–September periods (~6 to 7%), but less frequent between December and March (~4%). The summertime forecast bust occurred more frequently when the initial pattern was the Greenland Blocking (GB) or Arctic Cyclone (AC) pattern rather than one of the other patterns. Some busts occurred without the weather pattern transition (~22 to 40%), but the others occurred with the pattern transition. These results help users to be careful when they use the forecasts initialized on GB and AC patterns.
Using technology to improve the management of development impacts on biodiversity
Authors: White Thomas B. , Viana Leonardo R. , Campbell Geneviève , Elverum Claire , Bennun Leon A.
Published: May 2021

The mitigation hierarchy (MH) is a prominent tool to help businesses achieve no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Technological innovations offer benefits for business biodiversity management, yet the range and continued evolution of technologies creates a complex landscape that can be difficult to navigate. Using literature review, online surveys, and semi‐structured interviews, we assess technologies that can improve application of the MH. We identify six categories (mobile survey, fixed survey, remote sensing, blockchain, data analysis, and enabling technologies) with high feasibility and/or relevance to (i) aid direct implementation of mitigation measures and (ii) enhance biodiversity surveys and monitoring, which feed into the design of interventions including avoidance and minimization measures. At the interface between development and biodiversity impacts, opportunities lie in businesses investing in technologies, capitalizing on synergies between technology groups, collaborating with conservation organizations to enhance institutional capacity, and developing practical solutions suited for widespread use.
Green apparel buying behaviour: A Stimulus–Organism–Behaviour–Consequence (SOBC) perspective on sustainability‐oriented consumption in Japan
Authors: Dhir Amandeep , Talwar Shalini , Sadiq Mohd , Sakashita Mototaka , Kaur Puneet
Published: May 2021

The green apparel literature has previously examined the disparity between consumers' positive purchase intentions and their actual purchase behaviour. This dichotomous behaviour represents the critical ‘intention–behaviour gap’, which marketers must seek to reduce to increase sales of their products. The current study thus seeks to identify the drivers of green apparel purchase behaviour that may potentially mitigate this gap. The proposed conceptual model is grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Behaviour–Consequence (SOBC) paradigm and is tested through an analysis of cross‐sectional data collected from 387 green apparel product consumers in Japan who were sourced through Macromill Inc. The findings suggest that optimism as the stimulus is positively associated with labelling satisfaction and labelling desire, which, in turn, are positively associated with purchase intentions, representing behaviour. Furthermore, purchase intentions are positively associated with shopping routine and fully mediate the association between shopping routine and buying behaviour. The study provides interesting strategic inputs for green apparel marketers and retailers.
Nested relationships in pro‐environmental purchasing: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Delistavrou Antonia , Tilikidou Irene , Krystallis Athanasios
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the examination of a particular theoretical framework that incorporated the moderating role of demographics in a mediated by negative attitudes relationship between values and pro‐environmental behaviour. The hypothesised hierarchical impact of Universalism (Un) on pro‐environmental purchasing behaviour (PPB) through the mediation of environmental unconcern (EU) was verified, while age was found to moderate the relationship between attitudes and behaviour. Yet, a clear generational effect was indicated as younger consumers (less than 35 years old), who are less inhibited by environmental unconcern, are more likely to get engaged in PPB than their older counterparts are. The verification of this particular theoretical framework revealed nested, not apparent, aspects of the grid of PPB antecedents. It is implied that the overall effort towards PPB should start by inculcating self‐transcendence values in young people's minds and continue by acknowledging, understanding and facing their unconcern tendency instead of just reporting some alleged direct motives towards PPB.
Cascade Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Bimetallic Nanowire and Foam Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Benjamin A. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: May 2021

Cascade electrochemical reduction of CO2 has been investigated on nanostructured bimetallic gold‐copper and silver‐copper catalyst nanowire and foam electrode arrays. The bimetallic electrocatalysts allow for the overall carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to be performed, where CO2 to CO conversion occurring at silver (Ag) or gold (Au) is decoupled from conversion to multicarbon species at Cu. The catalyst fabrication methods permit the catalyst orientation to be controlled and thus investigation of catalyst order on the cascade process. Segmentation of bimetallic electrodes is most versatile for nanofoam arrays. Placement of an Ag foam beneath a Cu foam, where CO produced at Ag must pass through the Cu foam, results in an enhancement in methane, ethanol, and propanol production as compared to the reverse electrocatalyst ordering.
Aurophilic Interactions in Multi‐Radical Species: Electronic‐Spin and Redox Properties of Bis‐ and Tris‐[(Nitronyl Nitroxide)‐Gold(I)] Complexes with Phosphine‐Ligand Scaffolds
Authors: Kira Sayaka , Miyamae Takayuki , Yoshida Kohei , Kanzaki Yuki , Sugisaki Kenji , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Okada Keiji
Published: May 2021

Multinuclear AuIcomplexes with two or three nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide radical anion and phosphine‐ligand scaffolds,(NN‐Au)2‐1 o,(NN‐Au)2‐1 m, and(NN‐Au)2‐1 p, have been synthesized to investigate the influence of AuI−AuI(aurophilic) interactions on the properties of multispin molecular systems. The desired complexes were successfully prepared in moderate yields in a one‐pot synthesis from the corresponding phosphine ligand, AuIsource, parent NN, and sodium hydroxide. Among the prepared complexes,(NN‐Au)2‐1 o, in which an aurophilic interaction was clearly observed by crystal structure analysis, showed characteristic spin−spin interactions, electrochemical properties, and solvatochromic behavior. The results from theoretical calculations also suggested that the differences in properties between complex(NN‐Au)2‐1 oand the other complexes are due to intramolecular aurophilic interactions.
FAM‐Ag‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of heteroaryl‐substituted pyrrolidines
Authors: Beksultanova Nurzhan , Gözükara Zeynep , Araz Mihrimah , Bulut Merve , Polat‐Çakır Sıdıka , Aygün Muhittin , Dogan Özdemir
Published: May 2021

New derivatives of FAM (ferrocenyl aziridinyl methanol) ligands NFAM1–4 (naphthyl ferrocenyl aziridinyl methanol) and CFAM1–4 (cyclohexyl ferrocenyl aziridinyl methanol) were synthesized to form a small ligand library and used as chiral catalysts with AgOAc for the asymmetric synthesis of heteroaryl‐substituted pyrrolidines by the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (1,3‐DC) reaction of azomethine ylides. 2‐Thienyl, 2‐furyl, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐pyridyl aldimines were prepared and used with N‐methylmaleimide, dimethyl maleate, tert‐butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile to form the corresponding heteroaryl‐substituted pyrrolidines. 1,3‐DC reactions yielded the expected cycloadducts in up to 89% yield and up to 76% ee that could be increased up to 95% ee upon crystallization. New chiral ligands NFAM1–4 and CFAM1–4 were fully characterized, and their absolute stereochemistry was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Electrochemically deposited silver nanostructures for use as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates in point‐of‐need diagnostic devices
Authors: Wilson Nicholas G. , Khademi Mahmoud , Docoslis Aristides
Published: May 2021

In a world that increasingly demands answers in real‐time, there exists a distinct need for chemical sensors that can quickly and efficiently detect substances with high sensitivity and selectivity. To address this need, we use surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a powerful analytical technique that can provide ultrasensitive and versatile chemical detection on a mobile platform when implemented on a handheld Raman spectrometer. However, the large laser spot size of handheld Raman spectrometers requires SERS substrates of sufficient surface area. Here, we present a facile method for electrodepositing nanostructured silver (Ag) SERS substrates onto silicon microchips. In this method, silver ions are continuously reduced from a large volume of solution in an apparatus resembling a batch electrochemical reactor. The straightforward protocol is scalable, fast, and reproducible. Further, we investigate the influence of temperature and fluid agitation on the growth of Ag nanostructures with the intention of maximizing surface area coverage. We observe an increase in lateral nanostructure growth from heating due to an increase in the diffusion coefficient. However, no significant increase in lateral nanostructure growth is observed from stirring the reagent solution. Despite the absence of trends in lateral growth, we find that high agitation levels promote the growth of extraneous Ag structures on top of the nanostructured film, indicating the presence of a boundary layer at the silicon surface. Further, we find that increased diffusion rates at high temperatures shift the reaction towards the limits of the mass transfer‐controlled regime.
Progressive tricuspid regurgitation and elevated pressure gradient after transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Lee Wei‐Chieh , Fang Hsiu‐Yu , Chen Huang‐Chung , Chen Yung‐Lung , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Pan Kuo‐Li , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Liu Wen‐Hao , Chen Mien‐Cheng
Published: May 2021

Background

The association of postimplant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients without HF and preexisting abnormal TR and TR pressure gradient (PG) remain unclear.

Hypothesis

This study aimed to explore the clinical outcomes of progressive postimplant TR after permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation.

Methods

A total of 1670 patients who underwent a single ventricular or dual‐chamber transvenous PPM implantation at our hospital between January 2003 and December 2017 were included in the study. Patients with prior valvular surgery, history of HF, and baseline abnormal TR and TRPG were excluded. Finally, a total of 1075 patients were enrolled in this study. Progressive TR was defined as increased TR grade of ≥2 degrees and TRPG of >30 mmHg after implant.

Results

In 198 (18.4%) patients (group 1) experienced progressive postimplant TR and elevated TRPG, whereas 877 patients (group 2) did not have progressive postimplant TR. Group 1 had larger change in postimplant TRPG (group 1 vs. group 2; 12.8 ± 9.6 mmHg vs. 1.1 ± 7.6 mmHg; p < .001) than group 2. Group 1 had a higher incidence of HF hospitalization compared to group 2 (13.6% vs. 4.7%; p < .001). Preimplant TRPG (HR: 1.075; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.032–1.121; p = .001) was an independent predictor of progressive postimplant TR.

Conclusions

After a transvenous ventricular‐based PPM implantation, 18.4% of patients experienced progressive postimplant TR and elevated TRPG. Higher preimplant TRPG was an independent predictor of progressive postimplant TR.
QoS‐aware big service composition using distributed co‐evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Dutta Avik , Jatoth Chandrashekar , Gangadharan G. R. , Fiore Ugo
Published: May 2021

Big services are collections of interrelated web services across virtual and physical domains, processing Big Data. Existing service selection and composition algorithms fail to achieve the global optimum solution in a reasonable time. In this paper, we design an efficient quality of service‐aware big service composition methodology using a distributed co‐evolutionary algorithm. In our proposed model, we develop a distributed NSGA‐III for finding the optimal Pareto front and a distributed multi‐objective Jaya algorithm for enhancing the diversity of solutions. The distributed co‐evolutionary algorithm finds the near‐optimal solution in a fast and scalable way.
Disentangling demographic effects of red deer on chamois population dynamics
Authors: Donini Valerio , Pedrotti Luca , Ferretti Francesco , Corlatti Luca
Published: May 2021

Investigating the impact of ecological factors on sex‐ and age‐specific vital rates is essential to understand animal population dynamics and detect the potential for interactions between sympatric species. We used block count data and autoregressive linear models to investigate variation in birth rate, kid survival, female survival, and male survival in a population of Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra monitored over 27 years within the Stelvio National Park, Central Italian Alps, as function of climatic variables, density dependence, and interspecific competition with red deer Cervus elaphus. We also used path analysis to assess the indirect effect of deer abundance on chamois growth rate mediated by each demographic parameter. Based on previous findings, we predicted that birth rate at [t] would negatively relate to red deer abundance at year [t − 1]; survival rates between [t] and [t + 1] would negatively relate to red deer abundance at year [t − 1] and to the interactive effect of winter precipitation at [t + 1] and chamois density at [t]. Our results showed that birth rate was positively related to spring–summer precipitation in the previous year, but this effect was hampered by increasing red deer abundance. Kid and female survival rates were negatively related to the combined effect of chamois abundance and winter precipitation. Male and female survival rates were negatively related to lagged red deer abundance. The path analysis supported a negative indirect effect of red deer abundance on chamois growth rate mediated by birth rate and female survival. Our results suggest that chamois population dynamics was largely explained by the synergistic effect of density dependence and winter harshness, as well as by interspecific competition with red deer, whose effects were seemingly stronger on the kid–female segment of the population.