bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF LIPIDS, FATTY ACIDS AND LIPOPHILIC SUBSTANCES OF СONSOLIDA AMBIGUA (L.) P.W. BALL & HEYWOOD AND NIGELLA SATIVA L. SEEDS
Authors: Asilbekova Daniya Tolimbekovna , Bobakulov Khairulla Mamadievich
Published: March 2021

The seeds of two medicinal plants from Ranunculaceae family – Consolida ambigua (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood (Syn. Сonsolida ajacis Schur, ajacsova consolida, larkspur) and Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) cultivated in Uzbekistan was analyzed. Free and bound lipids were isolated from the seeds, the fatty acid composition of their neutral, glyco- and phospholipids was established. It was revealed that unsaturated components dominate among the ordinary fatty acids of seed lipids – oleic (C. ambigua) and linoleic (N. sativa). Their rare homologues – 11(Z)-eicosaenoic (C. ambigua) and 11,14(Z,Z)-eicosadienoic (Nigella sativa) acids were esterified mainly in the triacylglycerol molecules, and were found as free fatty acids of the studied oils.
The major compounds among the 26 constituents of the essential oil of N. sativa seeds were p-cymene, terpinolene, β-pinene, limonene and sabinene.
COMPLEX COMPOUNDS BASED ON PINOSTROBIN OXIME
Authors: Adekenov Sergazy Mynzhasarovich , Baysarov Gabiden Maratovich , Zhabayeva Anar Nikhanbaevna , Suntsova Lyubov' Petrovna , Dushkin Aleksandr Valer'yevich
Published: March 2021

The article studied the structural features of solid dispersions of pinostrobin oxime with arabinogalactan, disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone and basic magnesium carbonate obtained by mechanochemical treatment. The obtained complexes of pinostrobin oxime with arabinogalactan, disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and basic magnesium carbonate have increased water solubility in comparison with the initial pinostrobin oxime. The thermal effects of pinostrobin oxime and its complex compounds have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. At the same time, on the DSC-curve, the melting peak of solid dispersions of pinostrobin oxime with disodium salt of glycyrrhizated acid and pinostrobin oxime with arabinogalactan is not displayed, which is associated with the intermolecular interaction of the components of the complex, where the molecule of pinostrobin oxime forms a bond with a complexformation agent during mechanochemical treatment. The complex of pinostrobin oxime with magnesium carbonate is not formed, as evidenced by the thermal curve, where the melting of the sample begins at 182 °C, and complete destruction occurs at a temperature of 782 °C, which is similar to the melting peak of the initial pinostrobin oxime. The results of studying intermolecular bonds in complexes of pinostrobin oxime by the method of NMR-relaxation indicate that the times of spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation are very sensitive to intermolecular interaction and to the diffusion mobility of molecules.
PEAT HUMIC ACIDS – PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTIVE AGENTS
Authors: Bratishko Kristina Aleksandrovna , Zykova Mariya Vladimirovna , Ivanov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Buyko Evgeniy Evgen'yevich , Drygunova Larisa Aleksandrovna , Perminova Irina Vasil'yevna , Belousov Mikhail Valer'yevich
Published: March 2021

A present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of humic acids (HA) isolated by sodium hydroxide and sodium pyrophosphate from nine peat species of the Tomsk region different by botanical composition, degree of decomposition and ash content. All HA samples had shown the AOA in the study. As the results of four research methods, it was found that HAs are highly effective in inhibiting the free ABTS•+ radical cation, superoxide anion radical O2-•, hydroxyl radical HO•, and are able to bind Fe2+ in a wide range of concentrations. The activity of HAs in different tests was not equal between samples; HAs isolated by sodium hydroxide have had a higher AOA in inhibition of the superoxide anion–radical O2-• in the model reaction compared to HAs isolated by sodium pyrophosphate within the same peat species. In the study of iron binding activity, an inverse relationship was observed. In the model reactions of the free ABTS•+ radical cation and the hydroxyl radical HO• inhibition, a comparable level of activity was registered between the HA samples isolated by different solutions. Such an uneven distribution of the activity between various HA samples can be explained by the unequal chemical parameters of their structure, which depend on their origin and method of isolation. Using of such classical antioxidants with an established mechanism of action as comparison drugs, as a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol - "Trolox", a water-soluble antioxidant – ascorbic acid, a classic chelator – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a classic trap of a hydroxyl radical – mannitol, it is possible to conclude that the investigated HAs are effective antioxidants belonging to the groups of proton donors and complexing agents.
ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL AND WATER-ALCOHOL EXTRACTS OF ORIGANUM VUL-GARE L., GROWING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY
Authors: Zykova Irina Dement'yevna , Efremov Aleksandr Alekseyevich
Published: March 2021

The antiradical properties of essential oil and water-alcohol extracts of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), which grows in the Krasnoyarsk territory, were studied in model reactions with a free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Essential oil is obtained by exhaustive hydro-distillation. Separate fractions of oil: first 10 minutes from the start of the distillation, the second – after 20 min, the third after 40 min, and the fourth in 80 minutes, a fifth fraction was collected after the end of hydroponically. The results of the DPPH test showed that all the studied samples of essential oil exhibit anti-radical activity (ARA), the values of which increase from 30.4% (the first fraction) to 51.0% (the fifth). The ARA of O. vulgare whole oil was 36.1%. The ARA values of O. vulgare water-alcohol extracts vary from 56.6 to 100% depending on the alcohol concentration and the volume of the added extract. The highest anti-radical activity is 70% extract, and the lowest – 96%. According to the ARA value, the studied extracts and essential oil are O. vulgare, which grows in the Siberian region, can be arranged in the following order: 70% water-alcohol extract > 40% extract > 20% extract > water extract > 96% alcohol extract > essential oil.
A „Tudás Templomai” hívők és szerzetesek nélkül? – Avagy tudásmenedzsment a felsőoktatásban
Authors: Bencsik Andrea , Marosi Ildikó
Published: March 2021

Az egyre gyorsuló változások, az egyre szigorodó követelmények között kiéleződő verseny rákényszeríti a gazdasági élet szereplőit a tudásmenedzsment-rendszerek mint versenytényező kialakítására és működtetésére. Ám a piaci változások nem állnak meg az egyetemek, a főiskolák falainál, begyűrűznek a felsőoktatási intézmények életébe is. A szerzők tanulmányukban – nagy léptékben – végigkövetik, hogy milyen változtatások történtek az elmúlt néhány évben, és megvizsgálják, rendelkezik-e a felsőoktatás a tudásmenedzsment szervezeti és működésbeli feltételeivel, illetve milyen lehetőségek rejlenek ennek a szellemnek a kiteljesítésében. Ez egyúttal a felsőoktatási intézményekből kikerülő fiatalok magatartását, munkához való hozzáállását is jellemzi, mely előrevetíti a piaci viszonyok között működő szervezeteken belüli tudásmegosztás, tudástranszfer érvényesítésének képességét.
Exploring basic numerical capacities in children with difficulties in simple arithmetical achievement
Authors:   Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Educación, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Castro Cañizares Danilka ,   Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Mayor, Chile, Dartnell Pablo ,   Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Educación, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Estévez Pérez Nancy ,   Departamento de Neurodesarrollo Infantil, Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, Cuba
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Current cognitive theories suggest that mathematical learning disabilities may be caused by a dysfunction in the ability to represent non-symbolic numerosity (non-symbolic skills), by impairments in the ability to associate symbolic numerical representations with the underlying analogic non-numerical magnitude representation (symbolic and numerical mapping skills), or by a combination of both deficits. The aim of this study was to contrast the number sense hypothesis and the access deficit hypothesis, to identify the possible origin of the varying degrees of arithmetical difficulties. Method: We compared the performance of children with very low arithmetic achievement (VLA), children with low arithmetical achievement (LA), and typically achieving peers (TA), in non-symbolic, symbolic and numerical mapping tasks. Intellectual capacity and working memory were also evaluated as control variables. The sample comprised 85 Chilean children (3rd to 6th grades) from the Public General Education System. Data were included in several covariance analyses to identify potentially different behavioural profiles between groups. Results: The results showed deficits in both non-symbolic numerosity processing and number-magnitude mapping skills in children with VLA, whereas children with LA exhibited deficits in numerical mapping tasks only. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis of impaired non-symbolic numerical representations as the cognitive foundation of severe arithmetical difficulties. Low arithmetical achievement, in contrast, seems to be better explained by defective numerical mapping skills, which fits the access deficit hypothesis. The results presented here provide new evidence regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying the different behavioural profiles identified in children with varying degrees of arithmetical difficulties.
Factor Structure and Invariance Analysis of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD-R) in a Brazilian Population
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil, Faro Andre ,   Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, USA, Nunes dos Santos Daiane ,   Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil, Eaton William W. ,   Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, USA
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD-R) was developed to provide an efficient screening scale for depression syndrome, mimicking the original CESD, one of the most widely used screening tools to measure depressive symptoms globally. This investigation examined the factor structure of the CESD-R with a non-clinical Brazilian population. Method: We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of two adult samples, and also conducted invariance analysis by sex and place of residence of the participants. The full sample consisted of 1,427 adults, divided into two groups. The first sample (n = 400) was used for the EFA and the second sample (n = 1027) for the CFA. Results: The EFA indicated an internal structure composed of a single factor, which explained 53.2% of the variance. The CFA attested to the unidimensionality of the measure. Fit indices and reliability indicators showed values higher than expected, without modifications in the initial structure. The model was invariant in relation to the variables investigated at four different levels (configural, metric, scalar, and strict). Conclusions: Our findings support the utility of the CESD-R and suggest its validity for application to the Brazilian population in general.
Explanining the vigor (relative and absolute) in seeds: the biological meaning behind the mathematician
Authors: Pereira Vanderley José
Published: March 2021

Seed vigor is the totality of all properties that determine a rapid and uniform emergence and development of normal seedling under a wide range of conditions. However, the physiological quality within a seed lot is not  homogeneous, generating a quality gradient between seeds. Thus, the vigor expressed by the final percentage of normal seedlings tends to underestimate the quality of the batch, considering the total number of seeds. One possible method for correcting such an effect would be to weight vigor by germination, generating an index called relative vigor. The index reflects the “success” of viable seeds in maintaining their potential under stress. In this context, this review article proposes the possibility of using a new measure for vigor and new interpretation of relative vigor, as well as providing the mathematical basis for its use.
Molecular Docking Study of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Xanthone-Derived Isolates as Anti Androgen
Authors: Suhandi Cecep , Fadhilah Ersa , Silvia Nurfianti , Atusholihah Annisa , Prayoga Randy Rassi , Megantara Sandra , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Published: March 2021

Androgen receptor (AR) is the member of steroid hormone receptor involved in the progression of prostate cancer growth due to receptor over-activation. On the other hand, mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a medicinal plant contains xanthone-derived compounds which were known to have cytotoxic activity towards any types of human cancer cells. This research aims to determine xanthone-derived isolates potency from mangosteen as AR antagonists. The study was carried out through molecular docking assay utilizing AutoDock 4.2.6 using androgen receptor obtained from PDB ID 2AM9, testosterone as native ligand, and bicalutamide, flutamide, and nilutamide as reference. The results indicated that three isolates (1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone, mangostinone, and trapezifolixanthone) have the highest potency to be AR antagonist seen from the lower bond-free energy value than all of reference ligand. The lowest bond-free energy was provided by mangostinone with a ΔG value of -10.05 kcal/mol. However, the highest difference of residual amino acids interaction with testosterone and similar interaction with bicalutamide was provided by 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone, with five different amino acids with testosterone and nine similar amino acids with bicalutamide, respectively. Interestingly, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone has similar hydrogen bond with the key residue amino acids of AR (705-Asn and 711-Gln) which indicates probably partial agonist activity while mangostinone has the highest amount of hydrogen bond in the absence of hydrogen bond towards key residual amino acids of AR. The results concluded that three specific derived-xanthone compounds were predicted to have activity as AR antagonists.Keywords: Prostate cancer, Androgen receptor, Mangosteen, Xanthone, Molecular docking.
Correlation Between Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) Fractions in 4T1 Cell Line
Authors: Annisaa' Eva , Sasikirana Widyandani , Ekawati Nuraini , Dini Intan Rahmania Eka
Published: March 2021

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) is one of Indonesian plant used for traditional medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Parijoto on T47D cells. Therefore, we intended to know the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these fractions in 4T1 cell line (a Mus musculus mammary carcinoma). This cancer causes the greatest number of cancer-related deaths This study also investigated the correlation between antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Parijoto fractions. Discovering the type of correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity of botanical extracts could relieve in screening for cytotoxic agent from natural products. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity investigated using the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methods. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction is the higher antioxidant activity (IC50:1.77 μg/mL) and the higher cytotoxicity (IC50:133.57 μg/mL). There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient=0.957) between antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in 4T1 cell line, but the correlation was not significant (p=0.188).Keywords: Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume), antioxidant, cytotoxic, 4T1 cell line.
Bone Resorption in Ameloblastoma and Its Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Jackson Jackson , Halim Johni , Anggraeni Rezky , Sandra Ferry
Published: March 2021

Ameloblastoma, a tumor located in the jaw, grows slowly but locally invasive. Ameloblastoma expands in the jaw based on a mechanism resorbing the surrounding bone. To date, the bone resorption mechanisms of ameloblastoma are associated with the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. RANKL plays an important role in generating osteoclastogenesis. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix. TNF-α can induce the formation of osteoclast and modulate the MMPs. In this review the bone resorption mechanism of ameloblastoma as well its signaling pathway will be disclosed.Keywords: Ameloblastoma, RANKL, MMPs, TNF-α.
The Role of Small and Medium - sized Enterprises to Promote Halal Tourism: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: HENDIJANI Roozbeh BABOLIAN , SANNY Lim
Published: March 2021

Purpose - The tourism industry on a global scale has become a competitive market and knowing about the experience of tourists plays an important role in destination development. One of the growing segments in the tourism industry is halal tourism. The competitiveness of Indonesia as the most country with the largest Muslim population demonstrates a need for improvement at promoting halal tourism. This study planned to find out the role of different factors such as amenities, access and attraction on the satisfaction and intention to visit of Muslim tourists.

Design – The outcomes determined important attributes which can be useful for SMEs, destination marketers and stakeholders in Indonesia to have a better marketing strategy for promoting halal tourism.

Methodology - A quantitative approach was used where self-administrated questionnaires were distributed among Muslim inbound tourists in Jakarta, Indonesia. Statistical analysis such as descriptive analysis, simple and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the collected data.

Findings - The results of this study found ‘amenities’ significantly affected the satisfaction of Muslim tourists who visited Indonesia and there was a significant relation between satisfaction and intention to revisit this country.

Originality - This research was one of the few to assess the importance of SMEs to promote halal tourism in Indonesia.
An Exploration of Environmental Practices in the Hospitality Industry. Evidence from Hotels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: LAMMI D. K. , TESFAYE Z.
Published: March 2021

Hotels create unforeseen damages to the environment by depleting natural resources and driving out wastes. Studies have rarely been conducted to investigate the nexus between hotels and the environment in Ethiopia. This study aims to explore environmental practices among Addis Ababa hotels. The quantitative research design was applied to the study. The data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The totels' environmental practice indicators were examined under the themes of water-saving, energy-saving, green purchase, and waste management. Within these themes, the installation of energy-efficient bulbs, installation of a key card for light; using energy-efficient appliances; regular maintenances of water and electric facilities; the installing of dual toilet and other low flow water technologies; placing of dustbins; sorting and disposing of solid wastes, and buying of local products were implemented to a certain extent. The study implicates the requirement of intervention to make hotel operation environmentally sustainable.
Cost Optimization of the Medical Tourism Market Research Project in Poland and Turkey
Authors: CHMIELEWSKI Mariusz , KUCZAMER-KŁOPOTOWSKA Sylwia , BOGUSZEWICZ-KREFT Monika , AYCI Ali
Published: March 2021

Research and development projects constitute a specific group of activities carried out in the course of scientific research. The purpose of this article was the analysis of the planned research and development project related to the research on medical services market in Poland and Turkey in the aspect of cost optimization. The analyzed project was designed to examine consumer behavior in the market of a new and growing tourism sector, i.e. medical tourism. Medical tourism is currently defined as the traveling of people to a foreign country in order to undergo planned treatment there, caused by financial or qualitative reasons or due to the unavailability of services in the country of residence. The aim of the planned research project was to compare the behavior of two different groups of stakeholders on two different markets - Polish and Turkish. Efficient implementation of a research project requires precise planning of all activities that should be conducted. The performed analysis showed that regardless of the location of the planned project, its schedule consists of similar components, but the time and costs associated with the project will be different and will largely depend on the location of the research. In the article, in order to optimize the basic parameters of a research project carried out in various destinations, a traditional project management tool, i.e. the Gantt chart, was used, and complemented with the cost gradient concept. The use of both those tools made it possible to identify activities, the change of which has the greatest impact on the cost and time optimization of the project in Poland and Turkey. The analysis of the research project carried out in various destinations showed that, regardless of the location of the research project, shortening its time is associated with a similar increase in the cost of the project, despite the fact that it concerns different activities in both analyzed cases. As a rule, the implementation of a project, including a research project, should be preceded by planning, which enables its subsequent optimization using traditional project management tools.
Hubungan Dukungan Suami terhadap Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Sholeh Rais , Agrina Agrina , Safri Safri
Published: March 2021

Early breastfeeding initiation was the began of early breastfeeding with the mother at least one hour after birth. This research aims to determine correlation between husband's support for the implementation of early breastfeeding. The research method used is quantitative by using a research design that is descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. Sampling method using accidental sampling technique with total sample 30 respondents. This research used questionnaires and observation sheet as measuring instrument. The inclusion criteria in this studied were normal birth mothers without any indication and complications such as Pre Eclampsia Severe and Hemoraghic Post Partum, normal-born infants who did not experience Low Birth Weight and Asphyxia, and mothers was accompanied by the husband during labor.Research results will of analyzed using alternative test Fisher Exact. The results showed significant correlatied between husband’s supported for implementation of early breastfeeding (p value 0,030). Healthcare workers can be still develop related to IMD in post partum with the of husband's supported so that implementation of IMD for children can be perfect.
Hubungan Koping Spiritual dengan Post Stroke Depression pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik setelah Tiga Bulan Serangan
Authors: Handayani Fitria
Published: March 2021

Background: The prevalence of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) among ischemic stroke survivor after three months onset is high. PSD is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Spiritual coping was correlated with good mood among chronic illness patient. However, correlation study between spiritual and PSD was not exist. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between spiritual coping and PSD among ischemic stroke survivor after three months onset.Method: The design of the study was correlational design. There were 68 respondents involved. The inclusion criteria were ischemic stroke after three months onset, no aphasia, no hearing impairment, and the total score of Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was more than 12. The tools were HAMD-GRID 17 (PSD) and Spiritual Coping Questionaire (SCQ). Validation language conducted in two cycles and the test reliability used alpha cronbach (.776). Ethical approval was conducted by ethical committee of Medicine Faculty. The data collection used was survey. The statistical analyze used the Spearman-rho. Results: The results of the study show that demographic characteristic were equal between male and female. The age ranged 51 to 60 was 42.6%, unemployment patient was 61.8%, and the income less than Rp 1,000,000 was 63.2%. Statistical analyses showed that no correlation between spiritual and PSD (r -.155,  p .205). Discussion: Spiritual transformation process is a complex process and diverse among social situation. Transformation in spiritual responses should be gained in advance study to identify the developing of PSD.
Fenomena Kecanduan Penggunaan Gawai (Gadget) pada Kalangan Remaja Suku Bajo
Authors: Chaidirman Chaidirman , Indriastuti Diah , Narmi Narmi
Published: March 2021

Background: Socially the use of devices causes teenagers to become less sociable. Many teenagers spend most of their time playing gadgets so they carry them wherever they go. This happens to the Bajo tribes who experience social changes that have an impact on their life patterns.Method: This study was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach with the population in this study were the teenagers of the Bajo Tribe in Wakatobi Regency as many as 227 people and the number of samples was six adolescences Bajo Tribe. Using samples with a purposive sampling technique. For gathering the data, the investigator employed interview and observation guidelines, video recorder, and field note. The researchers used observation, interview and video recording in collecting the data and employed thematic analysis in data analysis. Results: The results of the research on these were three themes including namely the use of devices, addiction and socialization revealed that the use of devices requires costs for operations and excessive use of devices will have an impact on health where adolescents have a sense of dependence on devices that have attractive designs, and cause individual and indifferent attitudes. Discussion: The conclusion of this study is that adolescents begin to lose time for socializing due to the use of devices that are interested in the applications in it
Tingkat Depresi Mahasiswa Keperawatan di Tengah Wabah COVID-19
Authors: Santoso Agus , Ardi Wandria Robi , Prasetya Rikhan Luhur , Dwidiyanti Meidiana , Wijayanti Diyan Yuli , Mu'in Muhammad , Ulliya Sarah , Handayani Fitria , Sulisno Madya , Ni’mah Maftukhatun , Aisah Nur Aas
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of students. Students feel stressed and sad, anxious, frustrated, confused and do not know how to overcome their conditions. Depression occurs because of negative thinking about oneself and others, so special management is needed in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the depression levels of students in the pandemic.Methods: The method in this study was a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. Descriptive analysis is used to provide a description of the level of depression that occurs in students. Data collection used the Beck Deperession Inventory II (BDI II), sampling used a total sample of 148 respondents (students with an average age of 18-20 years old). The process of collecting data is done by using the google form survey method.Results: Students experienced mild mood disorders (25.7%), severe depression (12.2%), low depression (8.1%), moderate depression (0,7%) and extreme (0.7%).Conclusion: Depression in the pandemic of COVID-19 requires special attention in management to prevent mental disorders.
Kajian Literatur: Perawatan Mulut sebagai Intervensi Pencegahan Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia pada Pasien Kritis
Authors: Sari Nindya Rachma Gardhika , Utami Reni Sulung
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial pneumonia which develops after the patient received 48 hours of mechanical ventilation intubation. VAP raises various problems such as prolong length of stay and ventilator time, increase treatment costs, and increase risk of death. Appropriate and effective oral care is one of the nursing interventions that can reduce the incidence of VAP. The aim of this study was to identify procedure of oral care for prevention of VAP in critical patients. Methods: This research method is a literature review. Literature is searched through electronic database such as EBSCOhost, Scopus, Science Direct, and Proquest. The inclusion criteria of article were randomized controlled trials or randomized clinical trial designs, evaluate oral care effects on the prevention of VAP in critically ill patients, full text articles and publication years from January 2013 to May 2020. Results: Search results found as many as 38 articles, but only 9 articles were eligible to be reviewed. This review indicate that oral care has a significant effect on the prevention of VAP. The combination of toothbrush and swab is the most appropriate equipment. Chlorhexidine 2% was the most influential solution in reducing the incidence of VAP, while the frequency of oral care was most effective when adjusted to the results of the Back Oral Assessment Score (BOAS). Conclusion: This result reinforces the use of chlorhexidine in the oral care of mechanically ventilated patients. Oral care assessment needs to be done by nurses to guide in determining the frequency of oral care.
Penolakan Indonesia dalam Meratifikasi Konvensi UNESCO Tahun 2001 tentang Perlindungan Cagar Budaya Bawah Air
Authors: Widiasa Rizky
Published: March 2021

The 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage houses countries that have a vision and mission to protect underwater relics. By emphasizing the aspects of cooperation based on notification and reporting, this convention normatively measures the implementation of programs that depend on the capabilities of its member countries as a regime for archaeological relics preservation that sank on the seabed. Until now the Indonesian government has not ratified the convention and even tends to reject it. In fact, Indonesia as an archipelagic country has the responsibility to preserve the legacy of underwater cultural heritage in its sea area. This article analyzes the strategic decision of the Indonesian government to delay ratifying the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. The theory of state participation in international organizations suggests that a convention requires commitment from the parties involved to solve global problems. Ratification is needed by the state to be bound by the convention to achieve national interests. In the end the decision not to join the convention was due to its impact which did not provide benefits for the state.
Perspektif Baru Politik Luar Negeri China dalam Konstelasi Politik Global: Resensi Buku
Authors: Alunaza Hardi
Published: March 2021

Seiring peran dan pengaruh China terhadap banyak negara di dunia semakin berkembang, dipandang perlu untuk memahami bagaimana perspektif China terhadap hubungan luar negerinya dengan negara lain dalam konstelasi politik global. Hasil tinjauan buku ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk mengeksplorasi tren dan tema baru dalam kebijakan luar negeri China. Selain membuka peluang baru untuk penelitian, buku ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan bagi para stakehorlder yang memiliki peran strategis dalam proses formulasi dan kebijakan luar negeri di Indonesia. Buku ini secara spesifik di bagi menjadi tiga bagian. Pertama, penyunting dalam buku ini menjelaskan mengenai isu nasional dalam politik domestik China. Bagian kedua, melihat bagaimana konsep dan kekuatan individu dapat mempengaruhi kekuasaan. Serta, melihat bagaimana interaksi China dengan negara lain baik di kawasan maupun di panggung dunia internasional. Ketiga komponen dalam penjelasan buku ini memberikan gambaran umum mengenai banyaknya perspektif baru tentang interaksi dan aktivitas China dalam formulasi politik luar negerinya dengan negara-negara di dunia.
Corpus-based typology: applications, challenges and some solutions
Authors: Levshina Natalia
Published: March 2021

Over the last few years, the number of corpora that can be used for language comparison has dramatically increased. The corpora are so diverse in their structure, size and annotation style, that a novice might not know where to start. The present paper charts this new and changing territory, providing a few landmarks, warning signs and safe paths. Although no corpus at present can replace the traditional type of typological data based on language description in reference grammars, corpora can help with diverse tasks, being particularly well suited for investigating probabilistic and gradient properties of languages and for discovering and interpreting cross-linguistic generalizations based on processing and communicative mechanisms. At the same time, the use of corpora for typological purposes has not only advantages and opportunities, but also numerous challenges. This paper also contains an empirical case study addressing two pertinent problems: the role of text types in language comparison and the problem of the word as a comparative concept.
Development of ash condensation performance of paper materials via saccharides and Nano HAP application
Authors: Bai Yuanyuan , Wang Hao , Borjigin Tsolmon , Zheng Han , Yang Yang , Xie Jiao , Wang Meng , Zhan Jianbo , Wan Ying , Liu Wen
Published: March 2021

The ash condensation ability of the cigarette paper is an important factor affecting the cigarette grades. In this study, we put forward an effective method of improving this ability. Xanthan gum was successfully synthesized, applied as an ash integrator in the dip-coating process of cigarette paper production, and showed good performance. Cationic guar gum, cellulose phosphate and Hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been added in the pulp and showed better performance of the ash condensation property. The ash become much whiter and the scatter of the ash have been suppressed. Moreover, the further addition of HAP would result in a worse combustion efficiency, leading to the burning out of the cigarette in early time.
A partly disordered 2 × 2 × 2 – superstructure of γ-brass related phase in Mn–Ni–Zn system
Authors: Ghanta Sivaprasad , Das Anustoop , Kamboj Rajat , Jana Partha P.
Published: March 2021

The T phase in the Mn–Ni–Zn system was obtained as a product of high-temperature solid-state syntheses from the loaded composition of MnxNi2−xZn11 (x = 0.2–1.5)/MnxNi15.38−xZn84.62 (x = 1.54–11.54). The crystal structure of the T phase has been explored by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The structures were solved in the face-centered cubic space group

F

4
‾

3
m

$F‾{4}3m$

(216) and contain 409–410 atoms/unit cell. The lattice constants were found to be a = 18.1727(2) and 18.1954(1) Å for crystals C1 and C2, respectively. The crystal structure denoted the T phase is a (2aγ)3-superstructure of the ordinary cubic γ-brass-type phase. The phase is isostructural to (Fe, Ni)Zn6.5. A “cluster” description has been used to visualize the crystal structure of the title phase. The structures have been constructed by the five distinct clusters and they are situated about the high symmetry sites of the face-centered cubic lattice. The T phase is stabilized at a valance electron concentration of 1.78, which is slightly higher than those expected for typical γ-brass Hume‐Rothery compounds.
Politische Religionspädagogik in transnationaler Perspektive
Authors: Herbst Jan-Hendrik
Published: March 2021

Derzeit wird erneut über die politische Dimension religiöser Bildung debattiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund legt der Artikel frei, dass es in den langen 1960er-Jahren eine transnationale Tradition politischer Religionspädagogik gab. Im Rahmen dieser Tradition fand ein transnationaler Wissenstransfer statt, der anhand der Methodologie und Forschungsergebnisse des Historikers Gerd-Rainer Horn untersucht werden kann. Exemplarische Ergebnisse stellen Adolf Exelers Rezeption lateinamerikanischer Befreiungskatechese und Emilio Alberichs Aufnahme deutschsprachiger politischer Religionspädagogik dar. Um Wiederholungszwänge zu vermeiden und Potenziale zu heben, sollte dieser Traditionsstrang auch heute bewusst sein.
Paideia in der US-amerikanischen Religionspädagogik: Beispiele eines transnationalen Wissenstransfers bei Edward Farley, Sara Little und James Fowler
Authors: Emmelmann Moritz
Published: March 2021

Der Begriff paideia ist in der US-amerikanischen Religionspädagogik seit geraumer Zeit gebräuchlich. Sein Bedeutungsumfang variiert und es wäre überzogen, ihn einen Leitbegriff zu nennen. Mit einer gewissen Regelmäßigkeit aber dient paideia dazu, amerikanische Fachtermini in einen kontinentalen bildungstheoretischen Horizont zu rücken und von dorther zu hinterfragen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz zeigt am Beispiel dreier namhafter Autorinnen und Autoren, dass dieser transnationale Wissenstransfer sich bislang vorrangig auf Schriften des deutschen Altphilologen Werner Jaeger (1888–1961) gestützt hat. Diese Schriften stehen in Zusammenhang mit Jaegers Unterstützung nationalsozialistischer Rassen- und Bildungsideologie. Die amerikanische Aneignung des Begriffs paideia führt somit vor Augen, dass ein vertieftes transnationales Gespräch auf dem Gebiet der Religionspädagogik möglich ist, dass es aber zwingend angewiesen ist auf theoriegeschichtliche und disziplingeschichtliche Begleitforschung.
Equalization of Training Protocols by Time Under Tension Determines the Magnitude of Changes in Strength and Muscular Hypertrophy
Authors: Martins-Costa Hugo C. , Lacerda Lucas T. , Diniz Rodrigo C.R. , Lima Fernando V. , Andrade André G. P. , Peixoto Gustavo H. , Gomes Mateus C. , Lanza Marcel B. , Bemben Michael G. , Chagas Mauro H.
Published: March 2021

Martins-Costa, HC, Lacerda, LT, Diniz, RCR, Lima, FV, Andrade, AGP, Peixoto, GH, Gomes, MC, Lanza, MB, Bemben, MG, and Chagas, MH. Equalization of training protocols by time under tension determines the magnitude of changes in strength and muscular hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1770–1780, 2022—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 training protocols equalized by tension (TUT) on maximal strength (1 repetition maximum [RM]), regional cross-sectional areas (proximal, middle, and distal), and total cross-sectional areas (sum of the regional cross-sectional areas) of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles. Thirty-eight men untrained in resistance training participated in the study and were allocated under 3 conditions: Protocol 3s (n = 11; 12 repetitions; 3s repetition duration), Protocol 6s (n = 11; 6 repetitions; 6s repetition duration), and Control (n = 11; no training). Training protocols (10 weeks; bench press exercise) were equated for TUT (36 seconds per set), number of sets (3–4), intensity (50–55% of 1RM), and rest between sets (3 minutes). Analysis of variance was used to examine a percentage change in variables of interest across the 3 groups with an alpha level of 0.05 used to establish statistical significance. Protocols 3s and 6s showed no differences in the increase of total and regional muscle cross-sectional areas. There were no differences in regional hypertrophy of the pectoralis major muscle. In the triceps brachii muscle, the increase in distal cross-sectional area was greater when compared with the middle and proximal regions. Both experimental groups had similar increases in the 1RM test. In conclusion, training protocols with the same TUT promote similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, considering that the protocols used different numbers of repetitions, the results indicate that training volumes cannot be considered separately from TUT when evaluating neuromuscular adaptations.
Identifying the need for simplification of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment in residents of aged-care facilities: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Thomas Lowri Hughes , Evans Philip MS , Kalhan Atul
Published: March 2021

Background: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in frail older adults is made challenging by the impact of physical and cognitive decline on self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG), administration of medications, especially injectable therapies, and risk of hypoglycaemia.Aims and objectives: (1) To revisit the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in adults with T2DM living in aged-care facilities; (2) to evaluate the impact of simplification of T2DM treatment on quality of life (QOL), morbidity and mortality in this population; and (3) to identify higher risk older adults in whom simplification of therapy will be most appropriate.Methods: MEDLINE was searched using the following concept areas: aged-care facilities, T2DM, anti-diabetic therapies, morbidity, mortality and QOL. Results (and additional literature identified by citation checking) were screened and assessed against pre-defined eligibility criteria. Standardised structures for extracting, appraising and reporting the literature were used.Results: Hypoglycaemia is common in adults with T2DM in aged-care facilities. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) needs to be interpreted cautiously in this cohort, with additional capillary BG monitoring needed to identify individuals at risk of hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Simplification of T2DM treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality in frail older adults.Conclusion: In residents of aged-care facilities, simplification of T2DM treatment can help deliver optimal individualised patient-centred care and improve QOL.
SRF STEWART RHIND SCIENCE WRITING ESSAY: Why our current embryo experimentation laws are like a medical school toilet
Authors: May Georgia
Published: March 2021

This essay discusses the uncanny similarities between the toilets at the Leeds School of Medicine and our current regulations on embryo experimentation. Topics touched upon include the reasons behind the establishment of the 14-day rule on embryo culture, why there is a call for an extension to 28 days, and why this may be met with opposition. The author concludes that, much like the toilets at the Worsley building, our current legislation may no longer be fit for purpose and that re-opening the conversation about our 14-day rule is necessary in light of shifting scientific and societal opinion.
Language Night 2020
Authors: Butkevičiūtė Veronika , Zubaitienė Vilma , Lisauskaitė Agnė
Published: March 2021

Language Night 2020 is aiming to present a very versatile as well as a fascinating phenomena of Spoken Language. Authors of Language Night 2020 in a briliant manner describe Informal Language in the context of various foreign languages: la langue français, polish, finnish and many others. It gives to readers a wonderful opportunity to rethink language's border (probably it might be necessary to push it further slightly or the opposite). Moreover, our Collection of Articles suggest to all of us to expand our knowledge on Spoken Language and to experience it together.
The public procurement system in Belarus: a regional aspect
Authors: Krivorotko Yuri
Published: March 2021

The paper presented here is the country research and has an analytical character concerning a regional aspect of the public procurement system in Belarus. Stages of the public procurements system’s formation and its legislative base and the development of the electronicization of purchases are considered. The public procurement system at the sub- national level is analyzed and weak points are emphasized. Corruption aspects and ways of their minimization in the public procurement activity are showed. Debatable issues and ways of procurement activity improvement in Belarus regions are presented.

The methodology of research is based on the analysis of a series of data on public procurements in the regions of Belarus, including budgetary expenditures on public procurement in the local governments of the Belarus regions and the e-auctions procurement at the Universal Commodity Exchange. Statistical data for analysis was obtained from official sources, such as the State Statistics Committees, Ministry of Finance, Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC) Belarusian Universal Commodity Exchange, and on-line databases of analytical centres working in this field, etc.
Total quality management in municipalities of the Klaipeda region
Authors: Burkšienė Valentina
Published: March 2021

The modern world obliges us to develop sustainably. Regions need to turn to sustainability by using all the available tools. Many authors emphasize total quality management (TQM) as a very important tool for the sustainable functioning of the public sector. But analyses show that public organizations are not keen to introduce TQM.

This paper reveals the TQM spectrum in Klaipeda county (region) municipalities. Research disclosed that municipalities are not willing to implement TQM if it is not imperative. The paper argues that improving managerialism and common understanding can increase the willingness for TQM.
Simulation of the influence of structural parameters of the processing industry on its efficiency (on the example of the EU countries)
Authors:   SI “Institute of Regional Research Named After M. I. Dolishniy of The Nas Of Ukraine”, Ishchuk Svitlana , Sozanskyy Luybomyr ,   SI “Institute of Regional Research Named After M. I. Dolishniy of The NAS Of Ukraine”
Published: March 2021

The industry – and primarily its processing sector – was and remains the leading economic activity, which can be evidenced by intensified reshoring processes in developed EU countries. However, the competitiveness or the enduring ability to withstand competition due to the availability of appropriate potential, can be realized only if a high level of efficiency is achieved. This largely depends on the existing structural parameters, by which authors of this study understand the relationship between the shares of different types of industry (based on the level of processability – high-tech, medium-high-tech, moderately-low-tech and low-tech) in output of the processing industry. The article aims to simulate the influence of the processing industry structure (in terms of the levels of its processability and import dependence of the productions) on the industry’s efficiency. Using the correlation and regression analysis on the example of individual EU countries (Germany, Poland, Czech Republic), the authors’ hypotheses about the impact of the share of high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, as well as the share of imports in the intermediate consumption of these industries, on the efficiency (the share of gross value added in output) of the processing industry were substantiated. Based on the criteria indicating the increased technological level and reduced import dependence, economic and mathematical models of optimization of the output structure and intermediate consumption of the processing industry have been created, which were then solved by applying the linear programming method. The authors present mathematical proofs of the relationship between the change in structural parameters (the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries and the share of imports in the structure of their intermediate consumption) of the processing industry and the ratio of gross value added/output. Proven scientific hypotheses, as well as the obtained results of simulation, create a theoretical and methodological basis for the selection of criteria for structural transformation of the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy.