bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias-variance decomposition in Genetic Programming
Authors: Kowaliw Taras , Doursat René
Published: March 2016

We study properties of Linear Genetic Programming (LGP) through several regression and classification benchmarks. In each problem, we decompose the results into bias and variance components, and explore the effect of varying certain key parameters on the overall error and its decomposed contributions. These parameters are the maximum program size, the initial population, and the function set used. We confirm and quantify several insights into the practical usage of GP, most notably that (a) the variance between runs is primarily due to initialization rather than the selection of training samples, (b) parameters can be reasonably optimized to obtain gains in efficacy, and (c) functions detrimental to evolvability are easily eliminated, while functions well-suited to the problem can greatly improve performance—therefore, larger and more diverse function sets are always preferable.
Integral inequalities involving generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operators
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Purohit Sunil Dutt , Prajapati Jyotindra C.
Published: March 2016

Using the generalized Erdélyi-Kober fractional integrals, an attempt is made to establish certain new fractional integral inequalities, related to the weighted version of the Chebyshev functional. The results given earlier by Purohit and Raina (2013) and Dahmaniet al.(2011) are special cases of results obtained in present paper.
Negotiating narratives, accessing asylum: Evaluating language policy as multi-level practice, beliefs and management
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura
Published: March 2016

Theories of language policy increasingly emphasise focusing on the specific contexts in which language management occurs. In government settings, policy seeks to shape how individuals interact with officials. Australian asylum procedure is an area where policy aims at tight control. I examine how communication is managed in this setting, in which successful outcomes are so important. After reviewing the relevant policy documents, I explore the experiences of individual refugees and migration agents through a series of qualitative interviews. I consider the relationship between language management, beliefs and practice in this context and find that individual experiences in this setting can differ. This article demonstrates the impact of several agents in the co-construction of the refugee narrative, noting that while standardisation is institutionally valued, variation is inevitable. The findings suggest that outcomes depend on much more than just official policy.
Human Resource Management in Sports: A Critical Review of its Importance and Pertaining Issues
Authors: Weerakoon Ranjan Kumara
Published: March 2016

This paper will illustrate the meaning and importance of human resource management (HRM), human resource planning, and strategic human resource management, which are critically important for an organization’s effectiveness and must be effectively managed (Doherty, 1998). This study used the literature review method to acquire its final results. The relevant HRM literature review was done according to the purpose of the study. It used the purposive random sample method for selecting relevant literature. This study shows the current economic environment in the sports industry; the second part of the study critically analyzes the value of the strategic management of employees for the effective and efficient operation of sports organizations. It also critically evaluates human resource planning and other pertinent issues in terms of legislation, recruitment, selection, training, induction, and reward management from different international examples in sports management. Over the past few decades, increasing competition, globalization, and continuous changes in the market and in technology have emphasized the need to rethink the management of the organization and of human resources for the sake of overcoming significant challenges (Taylor et al., 2006). Therefore, managers should use strategic human resource management to overcome significant issues and to form well-planned strategies so that the organization may succeed.
Traduire : pluralité et convergence
Authors: Martinelli Lorella
Published: March 2016

Translation has always been characterized by a variety of methodologies adopted to reach different objectives. If until some years ago scholars were discussing the interdisciplinary nature of translation, today we prefer to define it a « multidiscipline », - this is a term that underlines both the disciplinary autonomy of the field and the plurality of approaches and perspectives that characterize it.

The aim of this paper is to expose, from an accurate diachronic analysis, a rich intersectorial reciprocity that gives extreme relevance to the theory/theories of translation within the evolution of humanistic and social disciplines.
Mutation and Human Exceptionalism: Our Future Genetic Load
Authors: Lynch Michael
Published: March 2016

Although the human germline mutation rate is higher than that in any other well-studied species, the rate is not exceptional once the effective genome size and effective population size are taken into consideration. Human somatic mutation rates are substantially elevated above those in the germline, but this is also seen in other species. What is exceptional about humans is the recent detachment from the challenges of the natural environment and the ability to modify phenotypic traits in ways that mitigate the fitness effects of mutations, e.g., precision and personalized medicine. This results in a relaxation of selection against mildly deleterious mutations, including those magnifying the mutation rate itself. The long-term consequence of such effects is an expected genetic deterioration in the baseline human condition, potentially measurable on the timescale of a few generations in westernized societies, and because the brain is a particularly large mutational target, this is of particular concern. Ultimately, the price will have to be covered by further investment in various forms of medical intervention. Resolving the uncertainties of the magnitude and timescale of these effects will require the establishment of stable, standardized, multigenerational measurement procedures for various human traits.
Is Continued Genetic Improvement of Livestock Sustainable?
Authors: Hill William G
Published: March 2016

Large genetic improvements in the quantitative traits of growth, production, and efficiency of farmed livestock have been made over recent decades, and by introduction of genomic technology these are being enhanced. Such continued improvement requires that there be available variation to utilize. The evidence is that little variation has been lost and such rates are indeed sustainable in the future.
NEXT-GENERATION WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING PLATFORMS AND FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR BACTERIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: I. Hassan Yousef , Lepp Dion , Zhou Ting
Published: March 2016

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are increasingly being used by microbiologists for characterizing bacterial isolates. A draft genome can now be obtained within a few days. With the recent technological advancements in NGS, the affordability and feasibility of this technique promises to redirect such tasks from research laboratories to the daily practices of clinical and environmental microbiology laboratories in the near future. This short technical note will introduce the average microbiologist, who may have only limited knowledge of NGS technologies, to the most commonly used platforms currently on the market. The advantages and disadvantages of each platform and the technical-terminology essential to navigate the planning phase of any bacterial genome assembly are also highlighted.
EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM D - GLUCONATE FORTIFICATION ON HEAT STABILITY OF GOAT’S MILK AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SENSORY CHARACTERISTIC AND TEXTURE PROFILE OF YOGHURTS DURING COLD STORAGE
Authors: Znamirowska Agata , Szajnar Katarzyna , Pawlos MaÅgorzata , Kalicka Dorota
Published: March 2016

Average consumption of magnesium in Poland does not satisfy people’s daily demand for this element; therefore it is necessary to supplement it. In the conducted experiment there was established the possibility of using magnesium D-gluconate for enriching yoghurts and goat’s milk. The highest dose of magnesium, which did not cause protein precipitation during pasteurization, was the addition of 20 mg of magnesium for 100 g of goat’s milk. Fortification with magnesium decreases pH and increases the hardness of yoghurts. Yoghurts enriched with magnesium during the whole storage period were better preferred by consumers than control yoghurts (without magnesium). Fortification with magnesium increases the intensity of milky-creamy taste and decreases the intensity of “goat” taste in goat’s milk yoghurts. The amount of the introduced magnesium does not significantly change the cohesiveness and adhesiveness of yoghurts within 21-day-storage period.
THE EFFECT OF FIBRE FROM VARIOUS ORIGINS ON THE PROPERTIES OF DOUGH AND BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Ivanišová Eva , Tokár MariÃ¡n , Bojňanská Tatiana
Published: March 2016

Wheat bread is a major component of people´s diet all over the world. There has been increasing demand for food products with additional health benefits. Fibre is an important component of diet and nutrition and is one of the groups of biologically important substances consumed in insufficient quantity. In this respect, the enrichment of bread with the functional fibre is interest for the consumer as well as the cereal industry. Different materials can serve as a source of fibre for bread, either directly industrially prepared (inulin, potato fiber) or natural materials with a high content of fibre. The aim of this work was to monitor changes in quality parameters of flour, dough and bread depending on the type and amount of addition.
Mixes of wheat flour and additives were prepared by substitution of wheat flour by 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of inulin; 1, 3, 5 and 7% of potato fiber; 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of malt; 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of naked barley. For the evaluation of dough Farinograph was used; bread quality was evaluated 24 hours after baking (volume, specific loaf volume, volume efficiency, cambering etc.). The sensory evaluation was conducted according to sensory descriptor. The addition of fibre as nutritionally important component is justified by the positive impact on the health of consumers. However non-bakery crops contain elements which might negatively influence the technological properties. Based on the results obtained by observing the rheological properties of the tested doughs, it can be stated that the use of additives worsened the physical properties of doughs and the technological and organoleptic quality of final products. The composite flours had longer dough development time and dough stability, whereas the degree of dough softening decreased caused by destruction and shortening of gluten. Dough showed worse workability and the decrease of the water absorption which is undesirable from an economic point of view since it increases the amount of flour needed to produce bread of the same weight. The loaves prepared with an addition were evaluated to be of a lesser quality from the technological point of view in comparison with pure wheat loaves. The additions reduced the volume of bread except for barley which in addition up to 30% has increased the bread volume in comparison to control loaves. Based on comprehensive evaluation (including organoleptic) maximum acceptable additions can be recommended as follows: inulin up to 5% , potato fiber up to 7%, malt up to 10% and naked barley up to 30%. Fiber content bread with the recommended added amount was 5.13% for inulin, 7.80% for potato fiber, 4.98% for matl and 6.75% for naked barley.
THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ANEMOPHILOUS POLLEN WITH ALLERGENIC POTENTIAL AFTER COLLECTION AND STORAGE
Authors: Shevtsova Tetiana , Petrová Jana , Brindza JÃ¡n , Garkava Kateryna , Kordiaka Rafal , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to determine and compare microbiological contamination of anemophilous pollens (Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Betula verrucosa Ehrh. 'Youngii', Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus mugo Turra, Pinus armandii Franch., Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks) after collection and after not long-term storage. Samples were picked by hands aseptically in the territory of the same environmental conditions in Slovakia. Colonies of mesophilic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli, total coliforms, fungi and yeast were found on pollen samples by dilution plating method. It was found significant differences in content of lactobacilli for birch pollens and fungi and yeast on pine pollens, depending on the stages – collection and storage. The microbiological quality of Betula pollen is better than Pinus pollen after collection and storage. Species factor affects the microbiota of anemophilous pollen.
Oper spielen — Opern schaffen Entstehungs- und Aufführungsgeschichte der ersten ungarischen Operntragödie
Authors: Tallián Tibor
Published: March 2016

The paper investigates the genesis as well as the performance history of Ferenc Erkel’s first opera. Bátori Mária, the first Hungarian tragic national opera was premiered on 8 August 1840 at the Hungarian Theatre in Pest. In it, Erkel adapted the model of Italo-French romantic opera. Further representations of Bátori Mária spanned over the following two decades. Based on contemporary critical reviews, the author offers a reconstruction of the performances, traces the soloists’ artistic carreer, and highlights the difficult process of professionalization of Hungarian opera playing.
Stage and folk tradition in the cultural history of the Kállai kettős (Couple Dance of Kálló)
Authors: Paksa Katalin
Published: March 2016

Zoltán Kodály’s Kállai kettős [Couple Dance of Kálló] was premiered by the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble in Budapest in 1951. However, it was not in Kodály’s work that the folk songs arranged in it were first presented to the cultured public. In the interchange of folk tradition and high culture they have already cropped up in the past three hundred years, among others in stage productions. This paper examines the folkloristic sources of Kodály’s work from a dual angle: how they were connected to the stage before Kodály’s arrangement and how their variants were embedded in the folk tradition. Today Kállai kettős is living also a “double life”: Kodály’s work is part of the national canon, but it is also present in the traditional productions of the revivalists of Nagykálló.
Preview of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) hides marketing and challenges in Eastern Africa
Authors: Mwinyihija M. , Mekonnen H.
Published: March 2016

Camel production in the world has continued taking a centre stage in livestock economics and food security. More conspicuously is the prominence of Camel hide production for specialized leather artifacts worldwide. Of Interest has been the growth of the Camel milk, meat and hide industry in Eastern Africa. Previous areas that had not registered Camel slaughter particularly in the urban and peri-urban areas have become areas of interest with gradual increase demonstrated in this study. However the decline in prices worldwide, poor production technique, inadequate policy and legal frame work and disincentives have been a ‘bottleneck’, in the rapid and potential wealth creating Camel hide industry in Eastern Africa. Indeed with appropriate strategy the potential is rife for the development of the Industry, if appropriate interventions are developed for the cited challenges. The increase of camel meat in urban environment is an indicator that the industry is poised to grow even further. Thus the urgency to attend to the evolving needs is equally critical by all the stakeholders, core or no-core.
Deposition of zeolite nanoparticles onto porous silica monolith
Authors: Gackowski Mariusz , Bielanska Elzbieta , Szczepanowicz Krzysztof , Warszynski Piotr , Derewinski Miroslaw
Published: March 2016

A facile and effective method of deposition of ZSM-5 (MFI framework topology) zeolite nanoparticles (nanocrystals) onto macro-/mesoporous silica monolith is demonstrated in this paper. The electrostatic interaction between zeolite and silica monolith was controlled by cationic polyelectrolytes, which were adsorbed onto either silica monolith or zeolite nanocrystals. The effects of time, concentration of zeolite nanocrystals, type of polyelectrolyte and ultrasound treatment were examined. It was found that deposition of nanocrystals on silica monolith modified with polyelectrolyte resulted in a monolayer coverage. Adsorption of nanocrystals modified with polyelectrolyte resulted in a multilayer coverage on the silica monolith due to the agglomeration of particles. On the other hand, the use of excess amounts of polyelectrolyte in the modification of nanoparticles leads to a low coverage of silica monolith by zeolite nanoparticles and is the result of the competition between polyelectrolyte and modified nanocrystals on the silica monolith surface.
A Study on Causality Investigation of the Mentoring Function Configuration Factors for a Hotel Organization
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jeong Wook , Kim Sung Hyuk , Kim Hong-bumm
Published: March 2016

As a hotel organization is a typical human-resource intensive industry, many researchers have proposed a mentoring function to alleviate a variety of problems that occur here. However, despite the criticality of mentoring in hotel organizations, some studies didn’t utilize the components of the mentoring function correctly. To fill this gap, the purpose of this research was to verify a causality that is an Interface of the Mentoring Function Component in a hotel organization. Also, a referenced paper on this research developed a mentoring function that reflected the characteristics of the hotel, and in this process, it was suggested that there is a causal relationship between the mentoring function configuration factors. In addition, after the theoretical consideration in this study, we were able to secure the rationale of this study in a Social Learning Theory(Bandura, 1986). Through this, the hypothesis was set and verified by empirical analysis. We carried out this study using employees of 5-star hotels within the metropolitan area(400 parts) and conducted confirmatory factor analysis which confirmed a suitable structure of the factors proposed in this study. Finally, we tested the hypothesis through structural equation modeling analysis. The implications of this study are as follows. By verifying the causal relationship between the mentoring function configuration factors, a theoretical depth of the mentoring function was found to be better. In practice, it can be inferred that the mentor’s advice for the mentee’s he career henceforth is better than the current work.
A Study on the Effect of Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control on Behavior Intention toward Food Tourism: Focusing on the Modified Theory of Planned Behavior Using Emotional Factors
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Sohn Jeong Gi , Han Sang-Il
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, pleasure and arousal in predicting the behavior of food tourists using TPB and PA factors. The survey was undertaken from the first of July to the 19th of July on food tourist who visited Jeonju Hanok Village. A total of 261 responses were collected. Excluding missing data, 256 useable samples were collected for analysis. This study used IBM SPSS 18.0 for frequency analysis, regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is found that the attitude factor positively impacts behavioral intention. Second, it is found that the factor of subjective norms also has a positive impact on behavioral intention. Third, it is found that the pleasure factor positively impact on behavioral intention. Fourth, it is found that arousal factor positively impact on behavioral intention. The theoretical implication for TPB and the practical implications and the limitations for food tourist are discussed.
A Comparative Study of Travel Activities, Travel Expenditures and Information Use between First - Time Visitors and Repeat Visitors: Based on Jeju and Gangwon Tour
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Sung-Mi , Park deukhee , Kah Junghye
Published: March 2016

This study aims to understand differences among travel activities (planned and participated), travel expenditures, and information use between first-time and repeat visitors. Fifteen travel activities were identified from the related literature in order to measure levels of travel activities planned and involved. Moreover, travel expenditures were categorized into accommodation, food, entertainment, shopping, sightseeing, and transportation. Information use was tested in two phases, before and during trips. First, the results indicate that the number of prior visits of repeat visitors to the destination during the past year is reported to be more than four times. Second, repeat visitors are more likely to plan and participate in travel activities and spend money on accommodations and entertainment than are first-time visitors. Third, repeat visitors are more likely to use word of mouth before trips, and cell phone and navigation during trips, to obtain travel information than are first-time visitors. By understanding the results of this research, tourism destination marketers can understand the economic value of repeat visitors, and hence should develop marketing strategies focusing on repeat visitors.
The Software Environment R for Official Statistics and Survey Methodology
Authors: Templ Matthias , Todorov Valentin
Published: March 2016

The open-source programming language and software environment R is currently one of the most widely used and popular software tools for statistics and data analysis. This contribution provides an overview of important R packages used in official statistics and survey methodology and discusses the usefulness of R in the daily work of a statistical office. Examples of activities and developments in R related projects in several national and international statistical offices are given. The focus is not only on the internal infrastructure that national and international statistical offices provide for using R but also on some interesting R related projects carried out in those institutes. Two particular packages (laeken and sdcMicro) and one data set (Statistics on Earnings Survey) are used to illustrate the usefulness (and the user-friendliness) of R and to present methods available in R. In addition, the access to international statistical databases like WDI of World Bank and UN COMTRADE with R is illustrated.
Treatment of Multivariate Outliers in Incomplete Business Survey Data
Authors: Bill Marc , Hulliger Beat
Published: March 2016

The distribution of multivariate quantitative survey data usually is not normal. Skewed and semi-continuous distributions occur often. In addition, missing values and non-response is common. All together this mix of problems makes multivariate outlier detection difficult. Examples of surveys where these problems occur are most business surveys and some household surveys like the Survey for the Statistics of Income and Living Condition (SILC) of the European Union. Several methods for multivariate outlier detection  are collected in the R-package modi. This paper gives an overview of modi and its functions for outlier detection and corresponding imputation. The use of the methods is explained with a business survey dataset. The discussion covers pre- and post-processing  to deal with skewness and zero-inflation, advantages and disadvantages of the methods and the choice of the parameters.
GCPM: A ?exible package to explore credit portfolio risk
Authors: Jakob Kevin , Fischer Matthias
Published: March 2016

In this article we introduce the novel GCPM package, which represents a generalized credit portfolio model framework. The package includes two of the most popular mod- eling approaches in the banking industry namely the CreditRisk+ and the CreditMetrics model and allows to perform several sensitivity analysis with respect to distributional or functional assumptions. Therefore, besides the pure quanti?cation of credit portfolio risk, the package can be used to explore certain aspects of model risk individually for every arbitrary credit portfolio. In order to guarantee maximum ?exibility, most of the models utilize a Monte Carlo simulation, which is implemented in C++, to achieve the loss dis- tribution. Furthermore, the package also o?ers the possibilities to apply simple pooling techniques to speed up calculations for large portfolios as well as a general importance sample approach. The article concludes with a comprehensive example demonstrating the ?exibility of the package.
Visualizing GeoData with R
Authors: Kolb Jan-Philipp
Published: March 2016

The processment of information related to a geographic location has long been difficult due to lacking data sources and processing power. The recent changes in the rise of web-based technologies like OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Google Maps change the picture.With R it is possible to execute a large amount of data and to produce appropriate visualisations. The challenge is to find the necessary spatial information. In this paper an overview is given to reflect the possibilities spatial visualisations in the context of social sciences. Moreover, it provides an introduction to spatial visualisation.Sources for spatial data and methods of data collection are described and examples of visualisations are presented.
Simulation Tools for Small Area Estimation: Introducing the R-package saeSim
Authors: Warnholz Sebastian , Schmid Timo
Published: March 2016

The demand for reliable regional estimates from sample surveys has been substantially grown over the last decades. Small area estimation provides statistical methods to produce reliable predictions when the sample sizes in regions are too small to apply direct estimators. Model- and design-based simulations are used to gain insights into the quality of the introduced methods. In this article we present a framework which may help to guarantee the reproducibility of simulation studies in articles and during research. The introduced R-package saeSim is adjusted to provide a simulation environment for the special case of small area estimation. The package may allow the prospective researcher during the research process to produce simulation studies with a minimal eort of coding.
Comparative Analysis of Protaper and Waveone Systems to Reduce Enterococcus Faecalis from Root Canal System in Primary Molars – An in Vitro Study
Authors: Pinheiro Sérgio Luiz , Pessoa Carolina , da Silva Josianne Neres , Gonçalves Rafael Orro , Duarte Danilo Antonio , da Silveira Bueno Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2016

Objective: To assess, in vitro, the ability of the ProTaper™ and WaveOne™ systems to reduce Enterococcus faecalis contamination in primary molars. Study design: Sixty roots of primary molars were contaminated with E. faecalis. Roots were randomly allocated to one of four groups (n=20): ProTaper™, WaveOne™, control A, or control B. The files used were S1 and S2/F1 and F2 (ProTaper™ system) and 25.08 (WaveOne™ system). In control group A, the root canal was left uninstrumented, whereas in control group B, the root canal was irrigated with NaCl 0.9%. E. faecalis was sampled from the root canal system before and after instrumentation and the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U were used. Results: There were no differences in E. faecalis counts between pre-instrumentation counts in the ProTaper™ and WaveOne™ (p>0.05). The ProTaper™ system led to an 89.36% reduction in E. faecalis burden, versus 78.10% with the WaveOne™ system (p>0.05). Instrumentation time was shorter with WaveOne™ (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The ProTaper™ and WaveOne™ systems were equally effective in reducing Enterococcus faecalis in primary molars. The WaveOne™ system was associated with shorter instrumentation time.
Cementoblastoma Solely Involving Maxillary Primary Teeth- A Rare Presentation
Authors: Urs Aadithya B , Singh Hanspal , Rawat Garima , Mohanty Sujata , Ghosh Sujoy
Published: March 2016

Cementoblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm of odontogenic ectomesenchyme origin, involving the roots of any tooth, which occurs predominantly in second and third decade of life. Very few cases of cementoblastoma associated with a primary tooth or having a maxillary presentation have been reported in the past. Here, a rare case of a ten year old boy who presented to the department with a swelling in maxillary posterior region since one month is being discussed. The radiographic presentation was mimicking an odontoma. The final diagnosis was cementoblastoma. We have advocated the use of polarized microscopy to support the histopathological diagnosis with respect to its cemental origin. Cementoblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radio-opaque lesions in the transitional dentition.
Primary Teeth and Hair as Indicators of Environmental Pollution
Authors: Shishniashvili TE , Suladze NN , Margvelashvili VV
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To study the influence of environmental pollution on the mineralization of dental hard tissues by using biosubstrates: teeth and hair. :Study design: At the first stage epidemiological survey was conducted in polluted and less polluted areas of Tbilisi (Georgia). We studied 525 children aged 3 and 4 years. Caries prevalence and intensity was defined by the methodology of World Health Organization. At the second stage the chemical elements content was studied in hair and teeth hard tissues of 24 children by X - ray fluorescent spectroscopy method. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in the polluted region was 46%, caries intensity − 1.92 (± 2.842). In the less polluted region prevalence was 37%, caries intensity − 1.47 (± 2.571). These data are statistically reliable (p < 0.05). The study of hair and tooth tissues showed that the toxic elements (Pb, Hg, Sn, Ti) content in these tissues was higher in environmentally unfavorable than in favorable conditions. Conclusion: Hair and dental tissues can be used as indicators of environmental pollution. Our survey showed that toxic elements content in dental hard tissues was higher and the level of essential elements was less in polluted than in less polluted areas of Tbilisi.
Orthodontic Treatment of Maxillary Incisors with Severe Root Resorption Caused by Bilateral Canine Impaction in a Class II Division 1 Patient
Authors: Chang Na-Young , Park Jae Hyun , Lee Mi-Young , Cho Jin-Woo , Cho Jin-Hyoung , An Ki-Yong , Chae Jong-Moon
Published: March 2016

This case report shows the successful alignment of bilateral impacted maxillary canines. A 12-year-old male with the chief complaint of the protrusion of his maxillary anterior teeth happened to have bilateral maxillary canine impaction on the labial side of his maxillary incisors. Four maxillary incisors showed severe root resorption because of the impacted canines. The patient was diagnosed as skeletal Class II malocclusion with proclined maxillary incisors. The impacted canine was carefully retracted using sectional buccal arch wires to avoid further root resorption of the maxillary incisors. To distalize the maxillary dentition, two palatal miniscrews were used. After 25 months of treatment, the maxillary canines were well aligned without any additional root resorption of the maxillary incisors.
Leveling the Playing Field? Communication Technology as a Predictor of Future Attainments for Deaf Young Adults
Authors: Garberoglio Carrie Lou , Dickson Duncan , Cawthon Stephanie , Bond Mark
Published: March 2016

Communication technologies are often proposed to level the playing field for individuals with disabilities, but the benefits may be magnified for deaf individuals in particular due to the communication barriers experienced by these individuals. In this paper, we set out to test the assumption that increased engagement with communication technology, specifically computer-mediated communication, during adolescence would contribute to actual attainment gains in adult life for deaf individuals in three domains: life, education, and employment. A secondary analysis using the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2) was conducted, allowing for a longitudinal examination of deaf individuals' experiences in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Findings revealed that deaf individuals who engaged with computer-mediated communication at higher frequencies during adolescence did not reveal discernible gains in adult life attainments in any domain. We propose that the benefits of communication technology only go so far, and that achieving greater equitable outcomes for deaf individuals requires larger systemic change.
Disability, Health, and Happiness in the Shakespearean Body
Authors: Wood David Houston
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Rights Enabled: The Disability Revolution from the US, to Germany and Japan, to the United Nations
Authors: Patterson Lindsey
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Professional Community: Facilitating Organizational Cultures in Support of Inclusion
Authors: Kruse Sharon , Lillie Timothy
Published: March 2016

A major problem in the effort to help students with disabilities understand and exercise their rights lies in the lack of community between parents and children on the one hand and the schools on the other. This article outlines the concept of professional community and how it can be useful. We propose that a school culture that is in support of inclusion will be a school culture that will be more likely to engage effectively with parents and students, a primary step in the process of teaching students how to effectively exercise rights as adults.
From the Field -- Andrew Downer v. Dudley Council
Authors: Aspis Simone
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Introduction to the Symposium on Supporting Students with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Stodden Robert , Dowrick Peter
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Promising Practices: Improving the Quality of Higher Education for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Izzo Margo , Hertzfeld Jennifer , Simmons-Reed Evette , Aaron Jennifer
Published: March 2016

A program improvement cycle for increasing the quality of postsecondary programs for students with disabilities is described. Nine promising practices were selected from a review of promising practices submitted by 21 model demonstration projects that have been charged with improving the quality of postsecondary education for students with disabilities. These nine practices were divided into three phases of the program improvement cycle: (1) assessing the climate of the institution; (2) delivering professional development activities to administrators, faculty and students; and (3) building capacity for institutional change. Focus group comments from faculty and students are infused throughout the article to illustrate the beliefs and recommendations of these two primary stakeholders.
Analysis of the Workforce Investment Act: Implications for Persons with Disabilities, Postsecondary Education and Life-long Learning Opportunities
Authors: Jahier Robert , Graf Jennifer
Published: March 2016

On July 1, 2000, the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) took effect replacing the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The overall purpose of WIA is to create an integrated workforce participation and employment system that meets the needs of job seekers as well as the employment needs of the nation's employers. Regulations, policies and reports from Congress and the U.S. Department of Labor have made it clear that persons with disabilities are among those who are supposed to benefit from this restructuring. This recent passage of federal policy could lead to changes in the manner in which students with disabilities are supported in post secondary education and other life long opportunities leading to subsequent employment. This article will review the new policy and analyze specific components of the policy concerning persons with disabilities and postsecondary education and life long learning opportunities.
Transition from Two-Year to Four-Year Institutions for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Burgstahler Sheryl , Crawford Lyla , Acosta Joie
Published: March 2016

Acquiring a bachelor's degree is prerequisite to many career opportunities. Yet, students with disabilities in two-year colleges are often unsuccessful in making the transition to four-year schools. This study was undertaken to document the concerns of students with disabilities in two-year institutions of higher education as they transfer to four-year schools, the perceptions of faculty and staff members regarding the challenges these students face, and recommended steps that can be taken to improve the postsecondary outcomes of these transfer students. A survey was completed by, and focus groups were conducted with, postsecondary staff members. In addition, college students with disabilities were asked to complete a survey. Students with disabilities reported their concerns to include differences in disabled student services, the cost of programs, skills in self-advocacy, differences in social life, availability of educational accommodations, access to technology, and the transfer process. Postsecondary staff reported some of the challenges faced by transfer students to be adjusting to the differences in academic requirements and support services, having poor study and self-advocacy skills, securing financial support, working through the transfer process, and adjusting to a larger, less personal environment. This study also reports suggestions from postsecondary staff about how two-year and four-year colleges can work separately and together to improve the postsecondary outcomes of transfer students with disabilities.
Creating Futures: Potential of Video Empowerment in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Dowrick Peter , Skouge James
Published: March 2016

Social progress benefits from positive future expectations which are often diminished in the disability community and higher education. Considerable potential exists in the use of video and related technologies to create images of positive futures where previously there was none. These potentials stem from proven practices of self modeling and feedforward, methods to teach new skills with carefully planned and edited videos that show future capability of the individual on video. These practices have been applied to a diversity of ages, situations, and human conditions. We extend these practices to video-based futures planning, in which teenagers find meaning in their current educational setting to prepare them for adulthood and to putting individuals with disabilities in control of the video production to assemble television shows illustrating personal advocacy or community environments with positive outcomes for themselves, their families, and their neighbors. The examples show the considerable potential for support in the postsecondary educational environment.
Postsecondary Education Services and Employment Outcomes within the Vocational Rehabilitation System
Authors: Gilmore Dana , Schuster Jennifer , Zafft Cynthia , Hart Debra
Published: March 2016

This article examines provision of postsecondary education services by the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) system to eligible individuals with disabilities nationwide. The results of a secondary analysis of elements of the RSA-911 database from the Rehabilitation Services Administration in FY 1997 are discussed. The extent to which individuals within the VR system receive postsecondary education services is compared to the rate of individuals with and without disabilities participating in postsecondary education in the general population. An association between receipt of postsecondary services and VR outcomes is examined. Findings show that receiving postsecondary education services has little effect on the rate of successful closures in the VR system. Individuals receiving postsecondary education services from VR do show higher rates of competitive employment and improved employment outcomes including higher earnings and greater number of hours worked per week. Differences in receipt of postsecondary education services by disability type and the policy implications are discussed.
Introduction: Anthropology in Disability Studies
Authors: Kasnitz Devva , Shuttleworth Russell
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
The Cultural Context of Ethicists' Case Examples and Consumer Narratives of Decisions About Life Supporting Technology
Authors: Kaufert Joseph
Published: March 2016

Ethicists and clinical decision-makers, in order to illustrate moral, legal, and cultural issues, commonly use constructed case studies. They convey a sense of immediacy, practicality, and concrete experience required for teaching ethical and clinical decision-making. Unfortunately, their relation to the events reported is also often problematic in the sense that they decontextualize and reconstruct accounts to sustain biomedical and ethical frameworks.
Blindness Prevention in Mali:Are Improvements in Sight?
Authors: Kaplan-Myrth Nili
Published: March 2016

International public health policy for the prevention of disability is premised on the homogenizing stance that there is a universal, static conceptualization and experience of disability. A review of key debates in disability studies literature illustrates the extent to which subject formations, including the notion of the Disabled person, are shaped by social, cultural, political, and historical contexts. Research on blindness prevention in Mali is then presented as a case study of the lack of fit between WHO and local definitions of disability. In addition to engaging with disability studies scholarship, this article is also a response to the call made by medical anthropologists to think critically about the relationship between poverty and health inequalities.
The World in 3D: Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dysnumia
Authors: Raphael Dana , Salovesh Mike , Laclave Martha
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Other Research -- Serving Students with Disabilities: Reflections of a Community College Teacher
Authors: Johnson Robert
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Book, Video, and Film Reviews
Authors: Authors Various
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Disability and the Political Economy of Place: Case Study of a Voluntary Organization in South India
Authors: Erevelles Nirmala
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Enabling Geographies? Non-Governmental Organizations and the Empowerment of People Living with HIV and AIDS
Authors: DelCasino Vincent
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Language Barriers: Exploring the Worlds of the Deaf
Authors: Butler Ruth , Skelton Tracey , Valentine Gill
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
The Illusion of Inclusion: Geographies of the Lives of People with Developmental Disabilities in the United States
Authors: Metzel Deborah , Walker Pamela
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Book Review -- Promises Promises: Disability and Terms of Inclusion
Authors: Darcy Simon
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Personally Speaking: A Critical Reflection of Factors Which Blur the Original Vision of Personal Assistance Services
Authors: Marfisi Carol
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
New Policies Related to Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled People in Poland
Authors: Zolkowska Teresa , Kasior-Szerszen Iwona
Published: March 2016

The social and economic transformation process initiated in Poland in 1989 has changed the conditions of the functioning of the vocational rehabilitation process and hiring of disabled people. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is societal and vocational integration allowing the disabled person to be a self-sufficient and productive member of society. The role which rehabilitation should fulfill is dependent on the assumptions of the nation's politics together with its main societal goals. The purpose of this article is to introduce the reader to legislative and administrative changes that took place in Poland over the last decade in the area of vocational rehabilitation and the employment of people with disabilities.
Paradigms of American Social Research on Disability: What's New?
Authors: Scotch Richard
Published: March 2016

In this paper, I discuss aspects of the recent history of disability research in the United States, particularly in the social sciences, that reflect the evolving nature of disability politics and corresponding public policies and programs. Current movements in research are discussed in the context of the social organization of professional and scientific research on disability and rehabilitation.
Toward A Non-Dualistic Disability Paradigm: Beyond Connectedness
Authors: Ratliffe Clark , Haley Janice
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
From the Field -- People with Disabilities (PWDs) and Genocide: The Case of Rwanda
Authors: Blaser Art
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Disabled Sex and the Movies
Authors: Harris Leslie
Published: March 2016

The mass media play an important role in socialisation and influence the construction of meaning. They shape the way people perceive the world around them. Many people have no contact with disabled people so gain their knowledge of disability from the mass media. It therefore becomes important understand how the media shape reality. This paper uses aspects of semiotics to examine the construction of meaning and some of the signs, symbols, and icons of disability imagery with particular emphasis on the intersection of sexuality and disability on the silver screen. Comparisons are drawn between negative and positive portrayals of sex involving disabled characters. Adult videos produced specifically for the devotee market are contrasted with those produced for a wider audience.
Blindness, Discipline, and Reward: Louis IX and the Foundation of the Hospice des Quinze Vingts
Authors: Wheatley Edward
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Poetry -- Crip Pocket
Authors: Brown Steven
Published: March 2016

No abstract available
Emergent Disabilities and Centers for Independent Living: The Case of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Taylor Renee , Eisele Heather
Published: March 2016

Over 500 Centers for Independent Living exist internationally. Centers for Independent Living are community-based, empowerment-oriented organizations that provide advocacy and linkage to resources for individuals with a wide range of disabilities. Historically, people with invisible disabilities such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have not made extensive use of Centers for Independent Living, and have not been formally introduced to the independent living philosophy. Conversely, Centers for Independent Living have encountered difficulty outreaching to and serving individuals with CFS, and have not been adequately informed about their resource needs and entitlements. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and knowledge about chronic fatigue syndrome among staff members of a Center for Independent Living before and after an educational intervention designed to raise awareness about CFS and provide guidance about the resource needs and entitlements of the CFS population. Before the intervention, over half (62%) of the staff members regarded CFS as having a biological cause, most considered CFS as a severe or very severe condition (76%), and most (74%) were of the opinion that an empowerment-oriented, independent living philosophy would benefit individuals with CFS. As a result of the intervention, all (100%) respondents either gained increased factual information about CFS, increased empathy toward individuals with CFS, or increased general awareness of CFS. Most (67%) respondents reported that the intervention changed their prior level of awareness of CFS, empathy toward those with CFS, or awareness of the medical legitimacy of CFS. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for community-based alternatives to health care for individuals with emergent disabilities in the 21st century.