bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Epigenetic Markers of Prostate Cancer by NotI-Microarray Analysis
Authors: Dmitriev Alexey A. , Rosenberg Eugenia E. , Krasnov George S. , Gerashchenko Ganna V. , Gordiyuk Vasily V. , Pavlova Tatiana V. , Kudryavtseva Anna V. , Beniaminov Artemy D. , Belova Anastasia A. , Bondarenko Yuriy N. , Danilets Rostislav O. , Glukhov Alexander I. , Kondratov Aleksandr G. , Alexeyenko Andrey , Alekseev Boris Y. , Klein George , Senchenko Vera N. , Kashuba Vladimir I.
Published: September 2015

A significant need for reliable and accurate cancer diagnostics and prognosis compels the search for novel biomarkers that would be able to discriminate between indolent and aggressive tumors at the early stages of disease. The aim of this work was identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers for characterization of different types of prostate tumors. NotI-microarrays with 180 clones associated with chromosome 3 genes/loci were applied to determine genetic and epigenetic alterations in 33 prostate tumors. For 88 clones, aberrations were detected in more than 10% of tumors. The major types of alterations were DNA methylation and/or deletions. Frequent methylation of the discovered loci was confirmed by bisulfite sequencing on selective sampling of genes:FGF12,GATA2, andLMCD1. Three genes (BHLHE40,BCL6, andITGA9) were tested for expression level alterations using qPCR, and downregulation associated with hypermethylation was shown in the majority of tumors. Based on these data, we proposed the set of potential biomarkers for detection of prostate cancer and discrimination between prostate tumors with different malignancy and aggressiveness:BHLHE40,FOXP1,LOC285205,ITGA9,CTDSPL,FGF12,LOC440944/SETD5,VHL,CLCN2,OSBPL10/ZNF860,LMCD1,FAM19A4,CAND2,MAP4,KY, andLRRC58. Moreover, we probabilistically estimated putative functional relations between the genes within each set using the network enrichment analysis.
An Update on the Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Pediatric Keratoconus
Authors: El Rami Hala , Chelala Elias , Dirani Ali , Fadlallah Ali , Fakhoury Henry , Cherfan Carole , Cherfan George , Jarade Elias
Published: September 2015

Keratoconus is a degenerative disease that affects adolescents and young adults and presents with variable thinning and conical deformation of the corneal apex. The resultant irregular astigmatism can progress to levels that can significantly affect everyday activities and overall quality of life. Therefore, stopping the progression of the disease is an essential part in managing patients with keratoconus. Corneal collagen cross-linking is a minimally invasive procedure that stiffens the anterior corneal stroma by creating strong covalent bonds between collagen fibrils. Over the past decade, many studies have proved its safety and efficacy in halting keratoconus progression in adults. This review of the literature highlights the growing trend towards using this treatment in pediatric keratoconic patients. In children, keratoconus tends to be more severe and fast progression is often encountered requiring closer follow-up intervals. Standard cross-linking shows comparable results in children with a good safety-efficacy profile during follow-up periods of up to three years. Further research is needed to standardize and evaluate transepithelial and accelerated cross-linking protocols as these could be of tremendous help in a population where cooperation and compliance are major issues.
Theoretical Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of Axially Loaded Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Steel Tubes
Authors: Huang Yijie , Sun Yuedong , Sun Huangsheng , Wang Qing
Published: September 2015

A new mechanical model for analysing the behaviour of axially loaded recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tubes (RACFSTs) stub columns is presented in this study. The model is derived from the typical elastoplasticity, the nonlinear elastic mechanics, and the properties of materials. Based on the mechanical model, a novel numerical program is developed. The mechanical model and the numerical program are adopted to study the effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage on RACFST mechanical behaviour. The complete load-deformation relationship of specimens, the steel tube axial and circumferential stresses, and the performance of the confined core concrete and the variation of interaction are also investigated. The analytical results indicate that this model is able to capture the mechanical behaviour of RACFST. It is also found that the axial and circumferential stresses of steel tube change nonlinearly during the loading stages. It is concluded that the behaviour of the confined core concrete is significantly influenced by the confining pressure. The steel tube confinement could improve the mechanical behaviour of RAC effectively and the RCA replacement percentage slightly changes the response of core concrete. Finally, the relations between confined core concrete and confining pressure are analysed.
BIM Application to Select Appropriate Design Alternative with Consideration of LCA and LCCA
Authors: Shin Young-su , Cho Kyuman
Published: September 2015

Advancements in building materials and technology have led to the rapid development of various design solutions. At the same time, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of such solutions have become a great burden to engineers and project managers. To help conduct LCA and LCCA conveniently, this study (i) analyzed the information needed to conduct LCA and LCCA, (ii) evaluated a way to obtain such information in an easy and accurate manner using a building information modeling tool, and (iii) developed an Excel spreadsheet-based framework that allowed for the simultaneous implementation of LCA and LCCA. The framework developed for LCA and LCCA was applied to a real building case to evaluate three possible alternatives for an external skin system. The framework could easily and accurately determine which skin system had good properties in terms of the LCA and LCCA performance. Therefore, these results are expected to assist in decision making based on the perspectives of economic and environmental performances in the early phases of a project, where various alternatives can be created and evaluated.
The Expression Patterns of c-Fos and c-Jun Induced by Different Frequencies of Electroacupuncture in the Brain
Authors: Qiu Zheng-Ying , Ding Yi , Cui Lu-ying , Hu Man-Li , Ding Ming-Xing
Published: September 2015

To investigate patterns of c-Fos and c-Jun expression induced by different frequencies of electroacupuncture (EA) in the brain, goats were stimulated by EA of 0, 2, 60, or 100 Hz at a set of “Baihui, Santai, Ergen, and Sanyangluo” points for 30 min. The pain threshold was measured using the potassium iontophoresis method. The levels of c-Fos and c-Jun were determined with Streptavidin-Biotin Complex immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the pain threshold induced by 60 Hz was 82.2% higher (P<0.01) than that by 0, 2, or 100 Hz (6.5%, 35.2%, or 40.9%). EA induced increased c-Fos and c-Jun expression in most analgesia-related nuclei and areas in the brain. Sixty Hz EA increased more c-Fos or c-Jun expression than 2 Hz or 100 Hz EA in all the measured nuclei and areas except for the nucleus accumbens, the area septalis lateralis, the caudate nucleus, the nucleus amygdala basalis, and the locus coeruleus, in which c-Fos or c-Jun expressions induced by 60 Hz EA did not differ from those by 2 Hz or 100 Hz EA. It was suggested that 60 Hz EA activated more extensive neural circuits in goats, which may contribute to optimal analgesic effects.
Performance Requirements on Remodeling Apartment Housing and TOPSIS Evaluation
Authors: Cho Jaeho , Chun Jaeyoul
Published: September 2015

Functional improvement needed in remodeling projects is determined by users in a complex manner since remodeling projects require performance improvement against deterioration. This study defines fundamental Remodeling Performance Criteria (RPC) for apartment housing by referring to performance criteria of both domestic and international performance-related systems. In this case study, performance evaluation of Construction Element Method (CEM) for remodeling projects was conducted based on RPC. For the objective evaluation of CEM, performance scores were calculated and normalized by using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model, which is used in a multicriteria decision-making method. The TOPSIS evaluation model allows for a comprehensive and comparative analysis on the performance of the remodeling solution. The TOPSIS model in this study suggests a standard logic of performance evaluation for aged buildings as it analyzes the degree of deterioration at the prior remodeling phase and predicts the performance improvement level for CEM at the remodeling planning phase.
Use of a Combination of MRSS-ANP for Making an Innovative Landfill Siting Decision Model
Authors: Younes Mohammad K. , Basri N. E. Ahmad , Nopiah Z. M. , Basri H. , Abushammala Mohammed F. M.
Published: September 2015

Landfill siting is a complex, multicriteria decision-making problem that needs an extensive evaluation of environmental, social, land use, and operational criteria. Integration of a median ranked sample set (MRSS) and an analytic network process (ANP) has been implemented to rank the associated criteria and select a suitable landfill site. It minimizes the uncertainty and the subjectivity of human judgments. Four groups of experts with different backgrounds participated in this study, and each group contained four experts. The respondent preferences were ranked in a 4-by-4 matrix to obtain the judgment sets for the MRSS. These sets were subsequently analyzed using ANP to obtain the priorities in the landfill siting criteria. The results show that land topology and distance from surface water are the most influential factors, with priorities of 0.18 and 0.17, respectively. The proposed integrated model may become a promising tool for the environmental planners and decision makers.
Research on Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Method in Data Sparse Regions: A Case Study of Xichong River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Xing , Li Donglong , Zhang Hongbo , Cai Shixiang , Li Xiaodong , Ao Tianqi
Published: September 2015

The NPS pollution is difficult to manage and control due to its complicated generation and formation mechanism, especially in the data sparse area. Thus the ECM and BTOPMC were, respectively, adopted to develop an easy and practical assessment method, and a comparison between the outputs of them is then conducted in this paper. The literature survey and field data were acquired to confirm the export coefficients of the ECM, and the loads of TN and TP were statistically analyzed in the study area. Based on hydrological similarity, runoff data from nearby gauged sites were pooled to compensate for the lack of at-site data and the water quality submodel of BTOPMC was then applied to simulate the monthly pollutant fluxes in the two sections from 2010 to 2012. The results showed agricultural fertilizer, rural sewage, and livestock and poultry sewage were the main pollution sources, and under the consideration of self-purification capacity of river, the outputs of the two models were almost identical. The proposed method with a main thought of combining and comparing an empirical model and a mechanistic model can assess the water quality conditions in the study area scientifically, which indicated it has a good potential for popularization in other regions.
Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism with Hypertension in Emiratis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Interaction with Obesity Status
Authors: Alsafar Habiba , Hassoun Ahmed , Almazrouei Shaikha , Kamal Wala , Almaini Mustafa , Odama Unini , Rais Naushad
Published: September 2015

The association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension has been extensively studied throughout various ethnic populations but largely with inconsistent findings. We investigated these associations in Emirati population and their interaction with obesity status. Saliva samples were collected from a total of 564 Emiratis (277 T2DM and 297 healthy). DNA was extracted and the samples were genotyped forACEI/D polymorphism by a PCR based method followed by gel electrophoresis. Upon evaluation of theACEI/D polymorphism amongst all T2DM, hypertensive patients, and respective controls regardless of obesity status,ACEDD genotype was not found to be associated with either T2DM [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34,p=0.086] or hypertension [odd ratio (OR) = 1.02,p=0.93]. When the genetic variants amongst the nonobese and obese population were analyzed separately, the risk genotypeACEDD conferred significantly increased risk of hypertension in nonobese population [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80,p=0.02] but was found to be protective against the hypertension in the obese group ((OR) = 0.54,p=0.01). However, there was no effect of obesity status on the association ofACEgenotypes with T2DM. The risk of hypertension associated withACEDD is modulated by obesity status and hence future genetic association studies should take obesity into account for the interpretation of data. We also confirmed thatACEI/D polymorphism is not associated with T2DM risk in Emirati population.
Derivation of Asymptotic Dynamical Systems with Partial Lie Symmetry Groups
Authors: Iwasa Masatomo
Published: September 2015

Lie group analysis has been applied to singular perturbation problems in both ordinary differential and difference equations and has allowed us to find the reduced dynamics describing the asymptotic behavior of the dynamical system. The present study provides an extended method that is also applicable to partial differential equations. The main characteristic of the extended method is the restriction of the manifold by some constraint equations on which we search for a Lie symmetry group. This extension makes it possible to find a partial Lie symmetry group, which leads to a reduced dynamics describing the asymptotic behavior.
Exertional Myopathy in a Juvenile Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Entangled in a Large Mesh Gillnet
Authors: Phillips Brianne E. , Cannizzo Sarah A. , Godfrey Matthew H. , Stacy Brian A. , Harms Craig A.
Published: September 2015

A juvenile female green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was found entangled in a large mesh gillnet in Pamlico Sound, NC, and was weak upon presentation for treatment. Blood gas analysis revealed severe metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. Plasma biochemistry analysis showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, marked hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia. Death occurred within 24 hours of presentation despite treatment with intravenous and subcutaneous fluids and sodium bicarbonate. Necropsy revealed multifocal to diffuse pallor of the superficial and deep pectoral muscles. Mild, multifocal, and acute myofiber necrosis was identified by histopathological examination. While histological changes in the examined muscle were modest, the acid-base, mineral, and electrolyte abnormalities were sufficiently severe to contribute to this animal’s mortality. Exertional myopathy in reptiles has not been well characterized. Sea turtle mortality resulting from forced submergence has been attributed to blood gas derangements and seawater aspiration; however, exertional myopathy may also be an important contributing factor. If possible, sea turtles subjected to incidental capture and entanglement that exhibit weakness or dull mentation should be clinically evaluated prior to release to minimize the risk of delayed mortality. Treatment with appropriate fluid therapy and supportive care may mitigate the effects of exertional myopathy in some cases.
Elevated Risk of Suicidal Ideation in HIV-Positive Persons
Authors: Schlebusch L. , Govender R. D.
Published: September 2015

Globally, suicide and HIV/AIDS remain two of the greatest healthcare issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have observed a relationship between suicidal behaviour and HIV/AIDS.Materials and Methods. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of elevated risk of suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons immediately following voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT). The study sample consisted of adult volunteers attending the VCT clinic at a university-affiliated, general state hospital. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck’s Hopeless Scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory.Results. A significantly elevated risk of suicidal ideation was found in 83.1% of the patients who tested seropositive. Despite a wide age range in the cohort studied, the majority of patients with suicidal ideation were males in the younger age group (age < 30 years), consistent with the age-related spread of the disease and an increase in suicidal behaviour in younger people. Relevant associated variables are discussed.Conclusion. The results serve as important markers that could alert healthcare professionals to underlying suicide risks in HIV-positive patients. It is recommended that screening for elevated risk of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behaviour should form a routine aspect of comprehensive patient care at VCT clinics.
Direct Torque Control of Sensorless Induction Machine Drives: A Two-Stage Kalman Filter Approach
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Kang Longyun , Chen Lingyu , Yi Boyu , Xu Zhihui
Published: September 2015

Extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been widely applied for sensorless direct torque control (DTC) in induction machines (IMs). One key problem associated with EKF is that the estimator suffers from computational burden and numerical problems resulting from high order mathematical models. To reduce the computational cost, a two-stage extended Kalman filter (TEKF) based solution is presented for closed-loop stator flux, speed, and torque estimation of IM to achieve sensorless DTC-SVM operations in this paper. The novel observer can be similarly derived as the optimal two-stage Kalman filter (TKF) which has been proposed by several researchers. Compared to a straightforward implementation of a conventional EKF, the TEKF estimator can reduce the number of arithmetic operations. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed TEKF estimator for DTC of IMs.
Systemic Sarcoidosis Presenting with Headache and Stroke-Like Episodes
Authors: Campbell J. , Kee R. , Bhattacharya D. , Flynn P. , McCarron M. , Fulton A.
Published: September 2015

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder. Neurological manifestations as a presenting symptom are relatively rare. A 26-year-old male presented with a five-week history of headache suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. He subsequently developed transient episodes of mild right-sided hemiparesis and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain revealed widespread inflammatory white matter lesions, an ischaemic focus in the left corona radiata, and widespread microhaemorrhages consistent with a more diffuse vasculopathy. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level was normal. Lumbar puncture revealed an elevated opening pressure (36 cmH2O) and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Computerised tomography (CT) of chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed widespread lymphadenopathy and biopsy of axillary lymph nodes revealed the presence of noncaseating granulomata in keeping with systemic sarcoidosis. The patient responded well to corticosteroids. This case highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis to be a rare but potentially treatable cause of stroke in younger patients.
Block Backward Differentiation Formulas for Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Biala T. A. , Jator S. N.
Published: September 2015

This paper concerns the numerical approximation of Fractional Initial Value Problems (FIVPs). This is achieved by constructing k-step continuous BDFs. These continuous schemes are developed via the interpolation and collocation approach and are used to obtain the discrete k-step BDF and (k-1) additional methods which are applied as numerical integrators in a block-by-block mode for the integration of FIVP. The properties of the methods are established and regions of absolute stability of the methods are plotted in the complex plane. Numerical tests including large systems arising form the semidiscretization of one-dimensional fractional Burger’s equation show that the methods are highly accurate and efficient.
Unexpected Leiomyosarcoma 4 Years after Laparoscopic Removal of the Uterus Using Morcellation
Authors: Prins J. R. , Van Oven M. W. , Helder-Woolderink J. M.
Published: September 2015

Background. Laparoscopic hysterectomies are increasingly popular; a morcellation device is often used. Although there are some clear benefits, morcellation of tissue does have potential risks.Case Presentation. In this case report we present a 55-year-old woman with an abdominal tumour 4 years after a laparoscopic hysterectomy using a morcellation device. Postoperative histological analysis, compromised by morcellated tissue, showed benign myoma. Because of the benign tumour no follow-up was performed. The patient presented now with an abdominal tumour, and she was scheduled for surgical removal of the tumour. During abdominal surgery the tumour appeared malignant and biopsies were taken. Histological analysis showed leiomyosarcoma, and the patient was referred to a third care centre for further treatment. The patient recovered quickly after abdominal removal of the tumour; however, after 7 months the patient had complaints and a CT scan showed a large intra-abdominal tumour with possible lung metastasis. The patient received palliative chemotherapy and died after 10 months.Conclusion. This case shows that although unexpected after a hysterectomy, a leiomyosarcoma has to be considered in case of a suspect tumour in the lower abdomen.
Existence of Positive Solution for BVP of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation
Authors: Yue Jun-Rui , Sun Jian-Ping , Zhang Shuqin
Published: September 2015

We consider the following boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equation:(CD0+αu)(t)=f(t,u(t)),  t∈[0,1],  u(0)=0,   u′(0)+u′′(0)=0,  u′(1)+u′′(1)=0, whereα∈(2,3]is a real number, CD0+αdenotes the standard Caputo fractional derivative, andf:[0,1]×[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)is continuous. By using the well-known Guo-Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, we obtain the existence of at least one positive solution for the above problem.
Amino Acids in Nine Ligand-Prefer Ramachandran Regions
Authors: Cao Chen , Wang Lincong , Chen Xiaoyang , Zou Shuxue , Wang Guishen , Xu Shutan
Published: September 2015

Several secondary structures, such asπ-helix and left-handed helix, have been frequently identified at protein ligand-binding sites. A secondary structure is considered to be constrained to a specific region of dihedral angles. However, a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between main chain dihedral angles and ligand-binding sites has not been performed. We undertook an extensive analysis of the relationship between dihedral angles in proteins and their distance to ligand-binding sites, frequency of occurrence, molecular potential energy, amino acid composition, van der Waals contacts, and hydrogen bonds with ligands. The results showed that the values of dihedral angles have a strong preference for ligand-binding sites at certain regions in the Ramachandran plot. We discovered that amino acids preceding the ligand-preferϕ/ψbox residues are exposed more to solvents, whereas amino acids following ligand-preferϕ/ψbox residues form more hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts with ligands. Our method exhibited a similar performance compared with the program Ligsite-csc for both ligand-bound structures and ligand-free structures when just one ligand-binding site was predicted. These results should be useful for the prediction of protein ligand-binding sites and for analysing the relationship between structure and function.
Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Overview of the Roles of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Angsutararux Paweorn , Luanpitpong Sudjit , Issaragrisil Surapol
Published: September 2015

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a serious complication that poses a serious threat to life and limits the clinical use of various chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the anthracyclines. Understanding molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a key to effective preventive strategies and improved chemotherapy regimen. Although no reliable and effective preventive treatment has become available, numerous evidence demonstrates that chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review provides an overview of the roles of oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity using doxorubicin, which is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents against a wide range of cancers, as an example. Current understanding in the molecular mechanisms of ROS-mediated cardiotoxicity will be explored and discussed, with emphasis on cardiomyocyte apoptosis leading to cardiomyopathy. The review will conclude with perspectives on model development needed to facilitate further progress and understanding on chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
Comparison of Fine Needle Aspiration and Fine Needle Nonaspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Hongming , Wei Chuankui , Li Dengfeng , Hua Kaiyao , Song Jialu , Maskey Niraj , Fang Lin
Published: September 2015

Background. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine needle nonaspiration cytology (FNNAC) are useful cost-effective techniques for preoperatively assessing thyroid lesions. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and there is controversy over which method is superior. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between FNAC and FNNAC for diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Methods. Primary publications were independently collected by two reviewers from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, OALib, and the Cochrane Library databases. The following search terms were used: fine needle, aspiration, capillary, nonaspiration, sampling without aspiration, thyroid, and cytology. The last search was performed on February 1, 2015.Results. Sixteen studies comprising 1,842 patients and 2,221 samples were included in this study. No statistically significant difference was observed between FNAC and FNNAC groups with respect to diagnostically inadequate smears, diagnostically superior smears, diagnostic performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value), area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve, average score of each parameter (background blood or clot, amount of cellular material, degree of cellular degeneration, degree of cellular trauma, and retention of appropriate architecture), and total score of five parameters.Conclusion. FNAC and FNNAC are equally useful in assessing thyroid nodules.
Acromioclavicular Dislocation Associated with Coracoid Process Fracture: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kose Ozkan , Canbora Kerem , Guler Ferhat , Kilicaslan Omer Faruk , May Hasan
Published: September 2015

Acromioclavicular dislocation associated with coracoid process fracture is a rare injury. Herein we reported two further cases with such combination of injuries and reviewed all previously published cases in current literature. In this review, we discussed the demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment options extensively.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Manganese Complex of Methionine Hydroxy Analogue
Authors: Wang Mei-Ling , Wu Zhi-Xian , Zang Qing , Zhong Guo-Qing
Published: September 2015

The manganese complex of methionine hydroxy analogue was synthesized with methionine hydroxy analogue and manganese chloride as main raw materials. The composition and structure of the complex were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra, and X-ray powder diffraction. The formula of the complex was Mn(C5H9O3S)2. The experimental results indicated that the manganese ion was, respectively, coordinated by the carboxylic and hydroxyl oxygen atoms from the methionine hydroxy analogue ligand. The crystal structure of the complex belonged to monoclinic system with the lattice parameters ofa= 1.2775 nm,b= 1.5764 nm,c= 1.5764 nm, andβ= 94.06°. The thermal decomposition process of the complex was studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The decomposition of the complex has taken place above 200°C. The residue was mainly manganese sulfide, and the experimental and calculated percentage mass loss was also given. The parameters of thermal decomposition kinetics for the complex, such as activation energy, reaction order, and preexponential factor, were calculated by using Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Freeman-Carroll methods, and the kinetic equations of the thermal decomposition were obtained.
Model Updating of Spindle Systems Based on the Identification of Joint Dynamics
Authors: Cao Hongrui , Xi Songtao , Cheng Wei
Published: September 2015

In order to simulate the cutting performance of a spindle mounted in the machine tool, the finite element (FE) model of spindles is required to be coupled with machine tool. However, the unknown joint dynamics (e.g., bolts) between the spindle and machine tool column limit the accuracy of the model. In this paper, an FE model updating method is proposed based on the identification of joint dynamics in both translational and rotational degrees-of-freedom (DOF). The receptance coupling (RC) technique is enhanced to estimate frequency response functions (FRFs) corresponding to rotational DOFs. The joint stiffness is identified through the iteration process by minimizing the difference between the simulated FRF and the measured FRF of the assembly. The proposed method is verified with a machine-tool spindle system. The good agreement between simulation and experiment shows the effectiveness of the method.
Talar Neck Fracture after United Tibiotalar Fusion
Authors: Platt W. , Welck M. , Rudge B.
Published: September 2015

Tibiotalar arthrodesis is a well-established treatment for tibiotalar arthritis, for example, in younger high demand patients. Talar neck fractures are less common though well-recognised sequelae of foot ankle trauma. Here we present the clinical case of a 69-year-old male who presented to our institution with a nonunion of a talar neck fracture, having undergone a left tibiotalar fusion 24 years previously. To the authors’ knowledge, this injury has only been described once previously in the literature. However, the original case described a fracture sustained in the very early postoperative period following tibiotalar fusion, postulated to be secondary to postimmobilisation osteopaenia or stress risers from metalwork. The aetiology in this case is likely due to axial compression transmitted to the talar neck via the calcaneus. The predisposing factors for nonunion are discussed, highlighting the importance of vigilance for this injury in any patient with concomitant tibiotalar fusion and foot trauma. The management of this patient is discussed.
Bicruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Professional Rugby Player: Clinical Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Bohu Yoann , Klouche Shahnaz , Herman Serge , Gerometta Antoine , Lefevre Nicolas
Published: September 2015

The association of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is rare in athletes, and to our knowledge it has never been described in a professional rugby player. We report the case of a 27-year-old international professional rugby player who presented with an ACL tear associated with chronic posterior laxity on a former PCL tear. The procedure associated arthroscopic ACL and PCL reconstruction in a one-stage operation with two autografts, bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendon, respectively. At 7 months postoperatively, the patient had returned to playing rugby at the same level of play. The therapeutic strategy successfully met the established goals of returning to sports at the same level of play with excellent functional results after 2 years of follow-up. A literature review was performed via PubMed. The inclusion criteria were the studies in English language, assessing the return-to-sport after bicruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes. Eight studies were included in analysis. Only one study has focused on the return-to-sport in 24 competitive athletes and two other studies have included 1 professional athlete each. The overall rate of the return-to-sport after bicruciate reconstruction varied between 100% and 50%.
Determining Cut‐Off Points for the Dental Fear Survey
Authors: Oliveira Maurício Antônio , Bendo Cristiane Baccin , Paiva Saul Martins , Vale Miriam Pimenta , Serra-Negra Júnia Maria
Published: September 2015

Objective. To determine a high fear cut‐off point score for the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) using a single‐item self‐report questionnaire. Methods. The DFS, a 20‐item questionnaire assessing fear of dental treatment, was completed by 1,256 participants with a mean age of 22.3 years (SD = 5.1). Another self‐report questionnaire was used to collect data on previous dental experiences. A high fear cut‐off point score was determined by calculating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the DFS. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were calculated; a significance level of p < 0.05 was used for all tests. Results. The ROC curve indicated that a DFS score ≥53 corresponds to a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 92.5%. Most participants (n = 895; 71.5%) reported no fear of going to the dentist. There was significant association between DFS score and fear assessed with the question “Are you fearful of going to the dentist?” (p < 0.001). Conclusion. A cut‐off point of 53 on the DFS total score represents the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity and can be used to predict high dental fear.
Infant Growth and the Occurrence of Developmental Defects of Enamel in 12-Year-Olds
Authors: Wong Hai Ming , Peng Si-Min , King Nigel M. , McGrath Colman
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: To investigate the association between birth weight and infant growth during the first year of life and the occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in permanent dentition. Methods: A random sample of 668 12-year-old students was recruited from a birth cohort. Permanent incisors and first molars were clinically examined for DDE using the modified FDI (DDE) index. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine the association of growth trajectory (five categories) from birth to 12 months with the occurrence of DDE (any defects, demarcated opacities, diffuse opacities, and hypoplasia) in the permanent dentition. Results: The response rate was 76.9% (n = 514). Four hundred and eighty-five children had complete records of growth- and health-related data. In the unadjusted model, infants who had birth weights closer to the WHO average and rapid growth were more likely to have ‘demarcated opacities' (p < 0.05), and the first 3 months of life was the ‘critical period' to develop ‘demarcated opacities' in permanent dentition. However, after adjusting for the confounders (gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding, parental education, and health status), significant association with the occurrence of ‘demarcated opacities' (p < 0.05) remained only for the children of trajectory V (heavier birth weights and rapid growth); no ‘critical period' was found to be significantly associated with DDE. Conclusions: Infants with heavy birth weight and rapid growth during the first year of life were more vulnerable to the occurrence of DDE in terms of demarcated opacities in their permanent dentition.
Mammalian Brains Are Made of These: A Dataset of the Numbers and Densities of Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells in the Brain of Glires, Primates, Scandentia, Eulipotyphlans, Afrotherians and Artiodactyls, and Their Relationship with Body Mass
Authors: Herculano-Houzel Suzana , Catania Kenneth , Manger Paul R. , Kaas Jon H.
Published: September 2015

Comparative studies amongst extant species are one of the pillars of evolutionary neurobiology. In the 20th century, most comparative studies remained restricted to analyses of brain structure volume and surface areas, besides estimates of neuronal density largely limited to the cerebral cortex. Over the last 10 years, we have amassed data on the numbers of neurons and other cells that compose the entirety of the brain (subdivided into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and rest of brain) of 39 mammalian species spread over 6 clades, as well as their densities. Here we provide that entire dataset in a format that is readily useful to researchers of any area of interest in the hope that it will foster the advancement of evolutionary and comparative studies well beyond the scope of neuroscience itself. We also reexamine the relationship between numbers of neurons, neuronal densities and body mass, and find that in the rest of brain, but not in the cerebral cortex or cerebellum, there is a single scaling rule that applies to average neuronal cell size, which increases with the linear dimension of the body, even though there is no single scaling rule that relates the number of neurons in the rest of brain to body mass. Thus, larger bodies do not uniformly come with more neurons - but they do fairly uniformly come with larger neurons in the rest of brain, which contains a number of structures directly connected to sources or targets in the body.
Acute-Onset Tinnitus Is Associated with Contralateral Hearing in Sudden Deafness
Authors: Lee Ho Yun , Choi Myoung Su , Chang Dong Sik , Kim Ah-Young , Cho Chin Saeng
Published: September 2015

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors for acute-onset tinnitus associated with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and to assess the relationship between these factors and the final recovery. Methods: A total of 770 patients with unilateral ISSNHL were enrolled retrospectively and their medical records reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of acute-onset tinnitus at the initial examination. Patient characteristics and the results of pure-tone audiometry were compared between the two groups initially and 3 months later. Results: A total of 70.9% (n = 546) of patients had tinnitus initially. There was no significant difference in the mean hearing thresholds of the affected ear irrespective of accompanying tinnitus. In contrast, patients with tinnitus in the affected ear tended to have significantly better mean hearing thresholds in the nonaffected ear (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that better mean hearing thresholds in the nonaffected ear were associated with tinnitus occurrence (p < 0.05). Better hearing thresholds in the nonaffected ear, younger age, absence of dizziness, low-tone hearing loss, and combined intratympanic dexamethasone injection were associated with full recovery (p < 0.05). However, tinnitus was not an independent risk factor for full recovery. Conclusion: Better contralateral hearing was associated with both an increased incidence of concurrent tinnitus and a better final recovery. However, tinnitus was not related to full recovery.
Single-Sided Deafness: The Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Quality of Life, Quality of Hearing, and Working Performance
Authors: Härkönen Kati , Kivekäs Ilkka , Rautiainen Markus , Kotti Voitto , Sivonen Ville , Vasama Juha-Pekka
Published: September 2015

Aims: To evaluate the effect of a cochlear implant (CI) on quality of life (QoL), quality of hearing (QoH), and working performance in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Methods: Using specific questionnaires, we measured QoL, QoH, and working performance in 7 SSD patients scheduled for CI surgery of the affected ear. Sound localization and speech perception in noise were also assessed. All questionnaires and tests were performed before the CI surgery and at 6 and 12 months after CI activation. Results: The QoL, QoH, sound localization, and speech perception in noise had improved statistically significantly after CI surgery. Communication with co-workers became easier, and the patients were less fatigued after the working day. Conclusions: CI clearly improves QoL, QoH, and working performance in patients with SSD.
Cytidine Deaminase as a Molecular Predictor of Gemcitabine Response in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Yoon Kyong-Ah , Woo Sang Myung , Hong Eun Kyung , Jung Mee Kyung , Park Weon Seo , Bae Kieun , Han Sung-Sik , Kim Tae Hyun , Koh Young Hwan , Park Sang-Jae , Lee Woo Jin
Published: September 2015

Objective: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is regarded as the standard treatment for biliary tract cancer (BTC). Potential biomarkers for gemcitabine response include the activities of cytidine deaminase (CDA), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1). Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their encoding genes were associated with the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy in treating BTC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 11 SNPs in the CDA, hENT1, DCK, human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (hCNT3), and RRM1 genes in 80 patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent BTC who were treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Results: After the results were adjusted for clinical predictors, the variant allele of rs1048977 in the CDA gene was associated with tumor response in a dominant model (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.93; p = 0.039). No significant association was detected between the 11 SNPs and grade 3/4 toxicity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the polymorphism of CDA may be a potential predictive marker for the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with BTC.
Different Severity and Severity Predictors in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Asthma: A Taiwanese Population-Based Study
Authors: Wu Tsung-Ju , Chen Bing-Yu , Lee Yungling Leo , Hsiue Tzuen-Ren , Wu Chang-Fu , Guo Yue Leon
Published: September 2015

Background: Late-onset asthma has been shown to be more severe than early-onset asthma in clinic-based studies. However, population-based studies are scarce, and the predictors of severity have been less studied. Objectives: To determine asthma severity and severity predictors regarding age at onset. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of children from 94 schools in Taiwan in 2004. Asthma severity was defined as short-acting β2-agonist (SABA), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and health care use in the last year. Information on age at onset, demographics, heredity and home exposure was collected. Ordered logistic or logistic regression was used for determining the associations between risk factors and severity. Results: Participants aged 26-50 years were included, resulting in 21,057 (67.8%) participants. Among them, 449 reported ever having had physician-diagnosed asthma, and 381 of those subjects answered the question on age at asthma onset. The risks of rescue SABA, ICS and health care use were generally higher among late-onset (13-50 years) than early-onset (0-12 years) asthmatics. Use of SABA and health care increased from childhood-onset, adolescent- or young adult-onset to adult-onset asthma. Allergic rhinitis was positively associated with SABA use (OR, 9.08; 95% CI, 1.06-77.99) and ICS use (OR, 5.08; 95% CI, 1.47-17.52) in early-onset asthma. Dehumidifier use was negatively associated with SABA use (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.87) and ICS use (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.78) in late-onset asthma. Conclusions: In adults, late-onset asthma was more severe than early-onset asthma. Severity, as indicated by SABA and ICS use, was positively associated with allergic rhinitis in early-onset asthma and negatively associated with dehumidifier use in late-onset asthma.
Analysis of Human and Porcine Skin in vivo/ex vivo for Penetration of Selected Oils by Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Choe ChunSik , Lademann Jürgen , Darvin Maxim E.
Published: September 2015

Background: The subject of oil penetration into the skin is controversially discussed in the scientific literature. Methods: Confocal Raman microscopy was used for analyzing oil penetration into the skin. The following methods were applied in the study: methods based on tracking specific peaks (method 1), the nonrestricted multiple least square fit (method 2), analyzing the lipid-to-keratin peak ratio using the perpendicular drop-down cutoff procedure (method 3), and the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure (method 4). Results: The results obtained using methods 1, 2 and 4 show that the investigated oils do not penetrate deeper than 11 µm into human and porcine skin. Petrolatum has a prominent swelling effect on the stratum corneum (32% in vivo, 28% ex vivo), while the other oils exhibit no significant swelling effect. By using method 3, the penetration profile of oils, and especially of petrolatum, into the skin was interpreted incorrectly for various reasons that are addressed herein below. Conclusion: Predominantly remaining in the uppermost corneocyte layers of the stratum corneum, topically applied oils do not reach the viable cells of the stratum spinosum. To exclude any possible mistakes when using the lipid-keratin Raman peak (2,820-3,030 cm-1), the penetration analysis should be performed using the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure.
Sun Protection Behavior in Organ Transplant Recipients in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Iannacone Michelle R. , Pandeya Nirmala , Isbel Nicole , Campbell Scott , Fawcett Jonathan , Soyer H. Peter , Ferguson Lisa , Davis Marcia , Whiteman David C. , Green Adèle C. ,   the STAR Study
Published: September 2015

Background: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a high risk of skin cancer, and excessive sun exposure is a major contributing factor. Objective: To document the prevalence of sun protection and associated factors in OTRs in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the frequency of wearing hats, long sleeves and using sunscreens among OTRs and factors associated with regular use. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: Among 446 OTRs, 66, 49 and 39% wore a hat, sunscreen and long sleeves, respectively, mostly when outdoors. 52% regularly practiced multiple sun protection measures while 19% did not. Sunburn-prone skin (PR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.06-1.93) and frequent whole-body skin examinations (PR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.19-1.84) were independently associated with regular use of multiple sun protection measures. Conclusion: Findings are consistent with sun-conscious OTRs also having more regular skin screening and that having frequent skin examinations promotes sun-protective habits.