bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principio de mínima intervención penal en la etapa del juicio penal
Authors: Hinojosa Copete Saby Dinorat
Published: September 2022

Introducción: El presente artículo aborda el principio de mínima intervención penal en la etapa de juicio penal desde la doctrina internacional y la legislación ecuatoriana, esto tomando en consideración que el Estado ha sufrido una evolución en cuanto al manejo de su facultad punitiva, que en principio implicó la utilización desmesurada del derecho penal para sancionar las conductas que producían una afectación de los bienes jurídicos de las personas, hacia una etapa más democrática donde se establecieron límites a dichas facultades, con la finalidad de que no existan sanciones arbitrarias, desmesuradas y desproporcionales, sino que el derecho penal se reserve a aquellos casos en los cuales no pueda resolverse la situación jurídica por una vía distinta a la alternativa penal y sobre todo a la restricción de la libertad, siendo este un principio fundamental que ha adoptado la legislación ecuatoriana en razón de que es compatible con su paradigma constitucional, garantista de los derechos de las personas como deber prioritario del Estado, de allí se reconozca de manera expresa tanto en la norma suprema como en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal. Objetivos: Analizar el principio de mínima intervención penal en la etapa del juicio penal desde la doctrina y la legislación ecuatoriana. Definir doctrinariamente el principio de mínima intervención penal. - Determinar cuáles son las normas constitucionales y legales que regulan el principio de mínima intervención penal. -Establecer como se manifiesta el principio de mínima intervención penal dentro de etapa del juicio en materia penal. Metodología: La presente investigación se ha desarrollado bajo la modalidad descriptiva, utilizando el método analítico y la técnica bibliográfica. Resultados: Entre los resultados obtenidos, se observa que, en la actualidad, pese a la implementación del principio de mínima intervención penal de forma expresa en la legislación ecuatoriana, todavía el Estado no mantiene un modelo acorde al que exige este modelo. Conclusiones: El principio de mínima intervención penal se constituye como un límite al poder punitivo del Estado, a través del cual, se pretende que el derecho penal y medidas como la restricción de la libertad personal sean de ultima ratio, es decir, solamente se apliquen cuando otras medidas y ramas del derecho no hayan logrado resolver una situación jurídica, de modo que solo frente a hechos que sean particularmente graves que afecten a bienes jurídicos prioritarios se aplique la coerción penal, de modo que exista una debida proporcionalidad y justificación de las penas
EKSISTENSI BAHASA INDONESIA DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA UNDIP
Authors: Syahira Aulia Hanifah , Alfarisy Fitri , Br Sinurat Jani Elpani
Published: September 2022

The study  was conducted because of the widespread use of slang among Undip students. This study aims: 1) find out the existence of Indonesian language among Undip students, and 2) find out there is an influence of Slang on the existence of Indonesian among Undip Students. The method used in data collection is a qualitative method. The data collection technique is in the form of a survey. Respondents in this study were students of Diponegoro University Applied Foreign Languages class of 2019 with a total of 56 respondents. The results showed: 1) Students were able to distinguish the application of slang in lectures from everyday life, and 2) the influence of slang on the existence of Indonesian during lectures for students.
TRANSLATION METHOD USED IN LANG LEAV'S POETRIES TRANSLATED BY M. AAN MANSYUR
Authors: Sari Dewi Purnama , SYAPUTRI KOMALA DWI , NURJANA SITI ARISA
Published: September 2022

This thesis aimed to find out the translation methods used in of Lang Leav’s poems book translated by M. Aan Mansyur. Analysis of the data using the theory of translation methods of Newmark. This theory divides translation into eight methods: Word for Word Translation, Literal Translation, Free Translation, Adaptation Translation, Idiomatic Translation, Faithful Translation, Semantic Translation, and Communicative Translation. The method research is qualitative method. Based on the analysis, from 20 poetries for 62 sentences in “Misadventure” by Lang Leav translated into “Kesialan-Kesialan” by M. Aan Mansyur. The result shows that there were 8 kinds of translation methods used by the translator in translating the poetries: Word for Word Translation (2), Literal Translation (18), Free Translation (24), Adaptation Translation (4), Faithful Translation (3), Semantic Translation (1), Idiomatic Translation (4), and Communicative Translation (6). Free Translation Methods is most dominant used because the translator tries to make the content and language of the translated poetries are acceptable and understandable for the target language readers.

Keywords: Translation Methods, Translated Poetries, Free Translation.
Analisis Keberhasilan Usaha Ditinjau Dari Pelayanan, Harga Dan Lokasi Pada Usaha Kuliner Di Desa Batumarta II Kabupaten OKU Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Dahlia Dahlia , Purnamasari Keti
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted by analyzing the effect of service, price, and location on business success for all culinary entrepreneurs in Batumarta II Village. We used the saturated sample method for all the population as a sample, namely as many as 25 culinary business owners in Batumarta II. The location of this research is in Batumarta II Village espesially in the area of ​​Block P, Block O, Block D, and Baturaden Gotong Royong Market, Lubuk Raja District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province. The results showed that service, price, and location simultaneously or partially influence business success. Service quality positively influences business success which means that better service received by consumers will increase business success. Price also positively affects business success. That means profits will increase if the price increases. Otherwise, profit is an indicator of business success. The location has a positive influence on business success. It means a good place makes consumers could access products easily.

Keywords: service, price, location, business success

 

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis pengaruh pelayanan, harga dan lokasi terhadap keberhasilan usaha pada seluruh pengusaha kuliner di Desa Batumarta II. Metode sampel jenuh diterapkan pada penelitian ini dimana semua populasi digunakan menjadi sampel yaitu sebanyak 25 pemilik usaha kuliner di Batumarta II. Lokasi penelitian ini diambil di Desa Batumarta II diantaranya meliputi wilayah blok P, Blok O, Blok D dan Pasar Gotong Royong Baturaden Kecamatan Lubuk Raja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelayanan, harga dan lokasi terhadap keberhasilan usaha baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Variabel pelayanan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap keberhasilan usaha. Semakin baik pelayanan yang diterima konsumen akan meningkatkan keberhasilan usaha. Variabel harga memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap keberhasilan usaha. Kenaikan harga akan menaikkan harga jual sehingga akan membuat laba meningkat. Laba yang meningkat merupakan indikator dari suatu keberhasilan usaha. Variabel lokasi memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap keberhasilan usaha. Lokasi yang strategis memudahkan konsumen dalam melakukan akses pembelian terhadap sutu produk.  

Kata kunci: pelayanan, harga, lokasi, keberhasilan usaha
Strategi Layanan Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Remaja: Literature Review
Authors: Auri Katrina , Jusuf Elizabet Catherine , Ahmad Mardiana
Published: September 2022

Remaja merupakan sasaran terpenting dalam program kesehatan reproduksi. Sifat khas remaja yaitu memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, suka berpetualang, menyukai tantangan dan berani mengambil risiko atas perbuatannya tanpa pertimbangan yang matang, serta pengambilan keputusan dalam menghadapi permasalahan tidak tepat. Sehingga, mereka berpotensi mudah terjerumus dalam perilaku berisiko yang dapat menimbulkan dampak jangka pendek dan panjang dalam masalah kesehatan fisik dan psikis. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi layanan kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur. Penelusuran artikel menggunakan database PubMed dan Google Scholar tahun publikasi 2015 sampai dengan 2021. Peneliti mendapatkan 18 artikel yang relavan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Strategi layanan kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja dapat dilakukan melalui media masa seperti televisi, radio, leaflet dan pemberian buku saku. Ponsel juga dapat digunakan dengan cara menyediakan aplikasi dan layanan media sosial. Strategi-strategi ini dapat memberikan manfaat yang lebih baik karena dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja dan yang terpenting adalah mampu menjaga rahasia remaja.
Analisis Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan
Authors: Dhewi Siska
Published: September 2022

Di Indonesia pertolongan persalinan yang memanfaatkan tenaga kesehatan terutama bidan oleh para ibu bersalin masih sangat rendah jika dibandingkan dengan indikator kesehatan yang ditentukan oleh pemerintah. Seorang ibu bersalin memiliki risiko kematian yang tinggi ketika proses persalinannya ditolong oleh bukan tenaga kesehatan yang ahli dan terlatih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 43 responden. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara umur (p value = 0,012), paritas (p value = 0,030), biaya persalinan (p value = 0,002), dan kemudahan akses (p value = 0,000) dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan. Instansi kesehatan setempat disarankan agar dapat meningkatkan fasilitas kesehatan yang lebih baik dan lebih intensif meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam memilih tenaga kesehatan yang ahli dan terlatih sebagai penolong persalinan.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Motivasi Lansia Berpartisipasi di Program Olahraga Rutin Posyandu Lansia Permata
Authors: Mone Ke Hellen Tryani , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: September 2022

Proses penuaan menyebabkan tubuh mengalami berbagai perubahan dan penurunan fungsi normal dari organ-organ tubuh. Usaha untuk menghambat kemunduran fungsi tubuh serta mengurangi risiko terhadap penyakit, aktivitas olahraga sangat penting dilakukan oleh lansia. Olah raga berfungsi untuk mendukung kesehatan mental-emosional sehingga akan berdampak pada kualitas hidup lansia. Akan tetapi, penelitian sebelumnya menemukan banyak hambatan yang menyebabkan lansia enggan  berolah raga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan motivasi lansia dalam berolahraga di Posyandu Lansia Permata Kelurahan Kelapa Lima Kupang. Desain penelitian berupa metode descriptive correlation dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan total sampling. Responden penelitian adalah lansia yang berusia 60 tahun ke atas sejumlah 57 orang. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,019), tingkat pendidikan (p-value = 0,000) dan hambatan dengan motivasi lansia berolahraga (p-value = 0,032). Namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia (p-value = 0,417) dan status pekerjaan dengan motivasi lansia berolahraga (p-value = 0,809). Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melihat faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan motivasi lansia dalam berolahraga seperti pengetahuan, kondisi ekonomi, dukungan keluarga, dukungan kader kesehatan, serta manfaat olahraga.
Metode Pembelajaran Klinik pada Praktik Profesi Mahasiswa Keperawatan
Authors: Etlidawati Etlidawati , Yulistika Diyah
Published: September 2022

Pembelajaran klinik merupakan kegiatan yang sangat penting pada tahap profesi ners. Pada kegiatan ini mahasiswa mengimplementasikan teori yang didapatkan pada saat perkuliahan. Proses pembelajaran tersebut membutuhkan suatu metode yang baik agar tujuan pembelajaran bisa tercapai. Selain itu, pembimbing kinik harus mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi sehingga dapat menentukan metode pembelajaran klinik yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan metode pembelajaran klinik pada praktik profesi mahasiswa keperawatan dan hambatan dalam pembelajaran klinik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 88 mahasiswa profesi ners yang dipilih dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik chi square. Hasil uji menujukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran klinik yang sangat sering digunakan yaitu metode eksperiensial dan metode preceptorship masing–masing 22,7%, metode pembelajaran observasi dengan kriteria sering dilakukan (34%), serta yang jarang dilakukan ialah metode konferensi (34,0%) dan metode nursing clinic (64,7%). Hambatan yang sering terjadi dalam pembelajaran klinik adalah hambatan dari pembimbing klinik (65,9%). Hasil uji statistik mendapatkan p value 0,001<0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat  hubungan antara metode pembelajaran klinik dengan hambatan dalam pembelajaran klinik.
Weaponizing Interdependence & Global Value Chains: US Export Controls on Huawei
Authors: Fuller Douglas B.
Published: September 2022

This paper contributes to the developing literature on weaponized interdependence by demonstrating through a case study of American export controls targeting Huawei that global value chain (GVC) analysis is a more appropriate tool to analyze the effects of weaponizing supply chains than the network topography approach. The case study examines two key chokepoints the US government has attempted to use in its campaign against Huawei: electronic design automation (EDA) software tools and chipmaking capital equipment. The still developing weaponized of interdependence framework recognizes that some chokepoints may be more durable than others. However, with its network topography, the weaponization literature has not developed the appropriate approach to evaluate interdependence involving tangible goods. This paper argues that global value chain (GVC) analysis is a superior analytic approach because it can better evaluate the operations of interdependence involving tangible goods and offers more leverage to evaluate the durability of chokepoints.
Inclusive Anticipatory Governance: Cyber Technologies, Absorptive Capacities & The Case of the United Nations Open-Ended Working Group re: ICTS
Authors: Levinson Nanette
Published: September 2022

Two groups at the United Nations, the Group of Governmental Experts and the Open-Ended Working Group focused on cybersecurity, issued consensus Reports in 2021. A new OEWG has begun its work. Examining whether there is inclusive anticipatory governance or cross- sector (interorganizational) learning in these groups is a primary research question. The paper uses content analysis to identify presence and location of keywords in submissions/ Reports. The keywords are: “Human rights (or human-centric), gender, international development, capacity-building”. It explores factors that relate to the presence or absence and even location of these keywords in the content analyzed. It highlights geopolitics, culture, and absorptive capacity as hindering or facilitating factors. Findings include the emergence of ‘idea galaxies’, linking ideas, especially to capacity-building, enhancing geopolitical acceptability. The presence of the global pandemic and the Ukraine war provide a backdrop for changes between the 2021 Final Reports of both Groups and current work.
Getting a seat at the (electoral) table: Partisan poll workers and electoral bias
Authors: Carrizosa Andres , Duarte Raul
Published: September 2022

How do party representatives as poll workers at electoral tables (voting booths) affect elections? Paraguay’s system of counting votes is partisan and adversarial. Every booth has three poll workers which are, by law, party representatives. In theory, multiple parties count votes at each booth, ensuring the integrity of elections. In practice, there are stark inequalities in partisan poll worker representation during the 2018 Paraguayan elections we study. We exploit a natural experiment to show that partisan poll workers decrease an opposing party's vote share by up to 2 percentage points (pp) and increase theirs by up to 1 pp. We also demonstrate how incentives for electoral manipulation vary by electoral system. Partisan poll workers collude more often with rival party poll workers within proportional representation races, as distributing votes among themselves can help their parties earn more seats for their legislative candidates. Instead, single-winner plurality voting yields less collusion.
Rule of Law and Access to Justice: Construction of an Accessibility Index of Primary Justice Fora in Paraguay
Authors: Recalde Ramirez Luis
Published: September 2022

The objective of the study is to create an index that measures the population’s spatial accessibility to primary justice fora in Paraguay. The data used for the analysis include households registered in the 2012 census, with their corresponding geographic coordinates, as well as all available geodata for selected justice-related public services within the same studied area. The methodology proposed is the application of a minimum distance analysis, together with a point proximity buffer analysis. Results show that women have slightly better accessibility to these services than men: they tend to live closer to said facilities have more options at hand. Additionally, findings show that the spatial accessibility improves as population size increases, with the caveat that, as a country historically heavily centralized around its capital, a “gravity” effect can be seen as districts closest to Asuncion exhibit a very high accessibility index, while those farthest from it experience the opposite.
The Mental Health Needs of African American Rural Grandparents
Authors: Woods Tamara
Published: September 2022

The research examined the experiences of African American grandmothers living in rural communities providing care to their grandchildren. The study explored the health, mental health, physical functioning, well-being, support, and resources of these grandmothers. The grandmothers reported challenges and needs which included their own health issues, lack of support and resources, financial concerns, transportation and childcare issues. The findings revealed that developing health education programs and other formal supports focusing on health, mental health and resources have a positive effect on the grandmother’s perceptions regarding their health and support.
Characterization and application of a novel xylanase from Halolactibacillus miurensis in wholewheat bread making
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Liu Chun , Yang Manli , Ou Zuyun , Lin Ying , Zhao Fengguang , Han Shuangyan
Published: September 2022

The presence of arabinoxylan in wholewheat flour affects its quality significantly. Here, an efficient arabinoxylan hydrolytic enzyme, Hmxyn, from Halolactibacillus miurensis was identified and heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris. Moreover, its relevant properties, including potential application in the wholewheat bread were evaluated. Recombinant Hmxyn exhibited maximal activity at 45°C and pH 6.5, and was stable at mid-range temperature (<55°C) and pH (5.5–8.0) conditions. Hmxyn had a clear hydrolysis effect on wheat arabinoxylan in dough and caused the degradation of the water-unextractable arabinoxylan, which increased the content of wheat soluble arabinoxylan of dough. The fermentation characteristics results and microstructure analysis revealed that Hmxyn improved the organizational structure and air holding capacity of fermented dough, thus promoting the dough expansion. Baking experiments further showed that Hmxyn significantly increased specific volume- and texture-linked properties of wholewheat breads. This study indicates the application potential of Hmxyn in the preparation of wholewheat bread.
Dual role of injectable curcumin-loaded microgels for efficient repair of osteoarthritic cartilage injury
Authors: Sun Qicai , Yin Wei , Ru Xuanliang , Liu Chun , Song Baishan , Qian Zhigang
Published: September 2022

Curcumin has been widely used for the treatment of age-associated diseases, and showed chondroprotective potential for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). However, due to the irregular-shaped and large-sized defects on joint cartilage in degenerated OA, the in vivo delivery and therapeutic effect of curcumin for effective repair remain challenging. In this study, we first present a PEG-GelMA [Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Gelatin Methacrylate, PGMs] hydrogel microgel-based curcumin delivery system for both improved anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects in treatment for cartilage defects. The curcumin-loaded PGMs were produced by a microfluidic system based on light-induced gelation of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). This PGMs embedding curcumin at a relative low dosage were demonstrated to promote the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. More importantly, the PGMs were shown to attenuate the inflammatory response of chondrocytes under IL-1β stimulation. Lastly, the in vivo application of the injectable PGMs significantly promoted the repair of large-sized cartilage injury. These results confirmed that curcumin-loaded PGMs can not only enhance the chondroprotective efficacy under inflammatory conditions but also induce efficient cartilage regeneration. This study provides an advanced strategy with anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative dual-role therapeutic for treatment of extensive cartilage injuries.
DPP-based polymers with linear/branch side chain for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Daohai , Liang Dongxu , Gu Liang , Li Jianhui , Zhang Haichang
Published: September 2022

For polymer semiconductors, the packing ability and molecular weight of polymers play a very critical role in their optoelectronic properties and carrier transport properties. In this work, two polymers, named linear and branch, are designed and synthesized with donor–acceptor (D-A) structure, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole as an electron acceptor and carbazole as an electron donor, and applied these two polymers in organic field-effect transistors. Linear and branch have similar conjugated backbones but different molecular weights and alkyl chains. The effects of molecular weight and molecular aggregation ability on the carrier transfer efficiency are investigated. As a result, linear exhibits better aggregation ability, but due to its smaller molecular weight than branch molecule, the hole transfer efficiency of linear (1.1 × 10−2 cm2 V −1 s−1) is slightly lower than that of branch (2.3 × 10−2 cm2 V −1 s−1). This work proves that molecular weight is more important than molecular aggregation ability when designing organic field-effect transistors for polymer semiconductors.
Modulating superabsorbent polymer properties by adjusting the amphiphilicity
Authors: Stocker Craig W. , Lin Maoqi , Wong Vanessa N. L. , Patti Antonio F. , Garnier Gil
Published: September 2022

The role of amphiphilicity in polysaccharide-based superabsorbent polymers is paramount in determining material properties. While the performance of freeze-dried polymers is improved by maximizing hydrophilicity, this may not be the case for evaporative-dried polymers. In this study, four diglycidyl ether crosslinkers, with varying chain lengths and amphiphilicities, were used to synthesize a series of evaporative-dried carboxymethyl cellulose-based superabsorbent films. Through structural and physiochemical characterization, the effect of amphiphilicity on swelling and mechanical properties was established. Contrary to freeze-dried polymers, it was found that the addition of hydrophobic moieties by crosslinking with novel poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether crosslinkers increased the swelling performance of evaporative-dried polymers. By adding hydrophobic functional groups, a reduction in inter-chain hydrogen bonding occurs during evaporative-drying, reducing the degree of hornification and decreasing the entropy requirement for water uptake. By optimizing the amphiphilic ratio, a poly(propylene glycol)-carboxymethyl cellulose polymer achieved a swelling capacity of 182 g/g which is competitive with freeze-dried cellulose-based hydrogels. The mechanical properties of these films improved with the addition of the crosslinkers, with glycerol-carboxymethyl cellulose polymers achieving a tensile strength of 39 MPa and a Young’s Modulus of 4.0 GPa, indicating their potential application as low-cost, swellable films.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Termini-Modified and Cyclic Variants of the Connexin43 Inhibitor Peptide5
Authors: Crystal Chan Sin Hang , Griffin Jarred M. , Clemett Connor A. , Brimble Margaret A. , O’Carroll Simon J. , Harris Paul W. R.
Published: September 2022

Peptide5 is a 12–amino acid mimetic peptide that corresponds to a region of the extracellular loop 2 (EL2) of connexin43. Peptide5 regulates both cellular communication with the cytoplasm (hemichannels) and cell-to-cell communication (gap junctions), and both processes are implicated in neurological pathologies. To address the poor in vivo stability of native peptide5 and to improve its activity, twenty-five novel peptide5 mimetics were designed and synthesized. All the analogues underwent biological evaluation as a hemichannel blocker and as a gap junction disruptor, and several were assessed for stability in human serum. From this study, it was established that several acylations on the N-terminus were tolerated in the hemichannel assay. However, the replacement of the L-Lys with an N-methylated L-Lys to give H-VDCFLSRPTE-N-MeKT-OH showed good hemichannel and gap junction activity and was more stable in human serum. The cyclic peptide variants generally were not tolerated in either the hemichannel and gap junction assay although several possessed outstanding stability in human serum.
The science behind TCM and Gut microbiota interaction—their combinatorial approach holds promising therapeutic applications
Authors: Xia Wenrui , Liu Bei , Tang Shiyun , Yasir Muhammad , Khan Imran
Published: September 2022

The trend toward herbal medicine as an alternative treatment for disease medication is increasing worldwide. However, insufficient pharmacologic information is available about the orally taken medicines. Not only herbal medicine, but also Western drugs, when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, interact with trillions of microbes (known as the gut microbiome [GM]) and their enzymes. Gut microbiome enzymes induce massive structural and functional changes to the herbal products and impact the bioavailability and efficacy of the herbal therapeutics. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researchers extend the horizon of TCM research to the GM to better understand TCM pharmacology and enhance its efficacy and bioavailability. The study investigating the interaction between herbal medicine and gut microbes utilizes the holistic approach, making landmark achievements in the field of disease prognosis and treatment. The effectiveness of TCM is a multipathway modulation, and so is the GM. This review provides an insight into the understanding of a holistic view of TCM and GM interaction. Furthermore, this review briefly describes the mechanism of how the TCM–GM interaction deals with various illnesses.
Lipidomic changes in the liver of beagle dogs associated with Toxocara canis infection
Authors: Li Hao-Yu , Zou Yang , Elsheikha Hany M. , Xu Yue , Cai Lang , Xie Shi-Chen , Zhu Xing-Quan , Zheng Wen-Bin
Published: September 2022

A global lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the liver of beagle dogs infected with Toxocara canis to profile hepatic lipid species at 12 h post-infection (hpi), 24 hpi, and 36 days post-infection (dpi). This analysis identified six categories and 42 subclasses of lipids, including 173, 64, and 116 differentially abundant lipid species at 12 hpi, 24 hpi, and 36 dpi, respectively. Many of the identified lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, may contribute to the migration and development of T. canis during the early infection stage. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations of several immune-inflammatory pathways, such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway at 12 and 24 hpi. These findings demonstrate the value of lipidomic profiling in revealing the extent of changes in the composition and abundance of hepatic lipidome caused by T. canis infection and their relevance to the pathophysiology of toxocariasis in beagle dogs.
Characteristics of lower respiratory tract microbiota in the patients with post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation pneumonia
Authors: He Yukun , Li Jia , Yu Wenyi , Zheng Yali , Yang Donghong , Xu Yu , Zhao Lili , Ma Xinqian , Gong Pihua , Gao Zhancheng
Published: September 2022

Background

Pneumonia is a leading cause of non-relapse mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome has been proven to be associated with various respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the characteristics of the LRT microbiome in patients with post-HSCT compared to healthy controls (HC) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 55 patients with post-HSCT pneumonia, 44 patients with CAP, and 30 healthy volunteers were used to detect microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

The diversity of the LRT microbiome significantly decreased in patients with post-HSCT pneumonia, and the overall community was different from the CAP and HC groups. At the phylum level, post-HSCT pneumonia samples had a high abundance of Actinobacteria and a relatively low abundance of Bacteroidetes. The same is true for non-survivors compared with survivors in patients with post-HSCT pneumonia. At the genus level, the abundances of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, and Mycobacterium were prominent in the pneumonia group after HSCT. On the other hand, gut-associated bacteria, Enterococcus were more abundant in the non-survivors. Some pathways concerning amino acid and lipid metabolism were predicted to be altered in patients with post-HSCT pneumonia.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that the LRT microbiome in patients with post-HSCT pneumonia differs from CAP patients and healthy controls, which could be associated with the outcome. The LRT microbiota could be a target for intervention during post-HSCT pneumonia.
Visual detection and differentiation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus wild−type strains and attenuated vaccine strains using CRISPR/Cas13a-based lateral flow strip
Authors: Yin Dongdong , Yin Lei , Guo Hao , Wang Jieru , Shen Xuehuai , Zhao Ruihong , Pan Xiaocheng , Dai Yin
Published: September 2022

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea and vomiting in unweaned piglets. Infections result in high mortality and serious economic losses to the swine industry. PEDV attenuated vaccine does not completely protect against all mutant wild-type strains, and PEDV infection can periodically occur. A sensitive, accurate, and simple detection method for PEDV is needed to reduce the occurrence of the disease. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas13a system was combined with recombinase aided amplification to develop a rapid diagnostic method to distinguish PEDV wild-type strains from attenuated vaccine strains. The method is based on isothermal detection at 37°C. The results are used for visual readout. The assay had high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit of 101 copies/μL for the gene of interest, and no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The Cas13a detection worked well with clinical samples. This visual, sensitive, and specific nucleic acid detection method based on CRISPR/Cas13a should be a powerful tool for detecting PEDV.
Multi-functional BST2/tetherin against HIV-1, other viruses and LINE-1
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Zhao Ke , Wang Shaohua , Du Juan
Published: September 2022

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), also known as CD317, HM1.24, or tetherin, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. Its expression is induced by IFN-I, and it initiates host immune responses by directly trapping enveloped HIV-1 particles onto the cell surface. This antagonistic mechanism toward the virus is attributable to the unique structure of BST2. In addition to its antiviral activity, BST2 restricts retrotransposon LINE-1 through a distinct mechanism. As counteractive measures, different viruses use a variety of proteins to neutralize the function or even stability of BST2. Interestingly, BST2 seems to have both a positive and a negative influence on immunomodulation and virus propagation. Here, we review the relationship between the structural and functional bases of BST2 in anti-HIV-1 and suppressing retrotransposon LINE-1 activation and focus on its dual features in immunomodulation and regulating virus propagation.
Reference ranges of tricuspid annulus geometry in healthy adults using a dedicated three-dimensional echocardiography software package
Authors: Muraru Denisa , Gavazzoni Mara , Heilbron Francesca , Mihalcea Diana J. , Guta Andrada C. , Radu Noela , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Tomaselli Michele , Sironi Sandro , Parati Gianfranco , Badano Luigi P.
Published: September 2022

Background

Tricuspid annulus (TA) sizing is essential for planning percutaneous or surgical tricuspid procedures. According to current guidelines, TA linear dimension should be assessed using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). However, TA is a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure.

Aim

Identify the reference values for TA geometry and dynamics and its physiological determinants using a commercially available three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) software package dedicated to the tricuspid valve (4D AutoTVQ, GE).

Methods

A total of 254 healthy volunteers (113 men, 47 ± 11 years) were evaluated using 2DE and 3DE. TA 3D area, perimeter, diameters, and sphericity index were assessed at mid-systole, early- and end-diastole. Right atrial (RA) and ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were also measured by 3DE.

Results

The feasibility of the 3DE analysis of TA was 90%. TA 3D area, perimeter, and diameters were largest at end-diastole and smallest at mid-systole. Reference values of TA at end-diastole were 9.6 ± 2.1 cm2 for the area, 11.2 ± 1.2 cm for perimeter, and 38 ± 4 mm, 31 ± 4 mm, 33 ± 4 mm, and 34 ± 5 mm for major, minor, 4-chamber and 2-chamber diameters, respectively. TA end-diastolic sphericity index was 81 ± 11%. All TA parameters were correlated with body surface area (BSA) (r from 0.42 to 0.58, p < 0.001). TA 3D area and 4-chamber diameter were significantly larger in men than in women, independent of BSA (p < 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between TA metrics with age, except for the TA minor diameter (r = −0.17, p < 0.05). When measured by 2DE in 4-chamber (29 ± 5 mm) and RV-focused (30 ± 5 mm) views, both TA diameters resulted significantly smaller than the 4-chamber (33 ± 4 mm; p < 0.0001), and the major TA diameters (38 ± 4 mm; p < 0.0001) measured by 3DE. At multivariable linear regression analysis, RA maximal volume was independently associated with both TA 3D area at mid-systole (R2 = 0.511, p < 0.0001) and end-diastole (R2 = 0.506, p < 0.0001), whereas BSA (R2 = 0.526, p < 0.0001) was associated only to mid-systolic TA 3D area.

Conclusions

Reference values for TA metrics should be sex-specific and indexed to BSA. 2DE underestimates actual 3DE TA dimensions. RA maximum volume was the only independent echocardiographic parameter associated with TA 3D area in healthy subjects.
Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Wen Yi , Luo Xiaolin
Published: September 2022

Hypocalcemia and its related symptoms are common manifestations in postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, but patients with hypocalcemia manifested as heart failure is rare and few cases are reported in the literature. Here we reported a 58-year-old female with hypoparathyroidism and uncontrolled hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy, presented with acute heart failure, accompanied with enlargement and reduced ejection fraction of left ventricle. She was refractory to guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure including digitalis and diuretics. However, her symptoms resolved and cardiac function improved dramatically after normalization of serum calcium level. This rare case highlights the pivotal role of calcium in maintaining cardiac function and the importance of treating underlying reversible causes of heart failure. For patients with hypoparathyroidism, it is essential to get standard treatment to avoid development of heart failure and hypocalcemia related syndromes.
The effects of introducing language learning software during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Novikov Philipp
Published: September 2022

The research aimed to investigate the impact of introducing language learning software to university students in the learning environment influenced by COVID-19. It describes the results of an experience with adding daily activities in Elevate, a free language learning application marketed as brain training software for the undergraduate English curriculum. The experiment took place at RUDN University (Moscow, Russia) in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were engaged in synchronous distance and face-to-face learning, depending on their location and the current epidemiological situation. Some students alternated between online and offline environments. Research methods included a theoretical analysis of current trends in language training and gamification. Statistical data were collected and processed using the university’s digital ecosystem. The research included quantitative data from the experiment and surveys, which consisted of multiple-choice, single-choice, and open-ended questions. The research sample included students from eight countries with the common european framework of reference for languages (CEFR) levels of English from B1 to C1. The research results show the effects of language learning software on students’ language proficiency (P). From the results of this research, it can be concluded that schools and universities can use multi-level feedback from participants to maximize the effectiveness of language training and diversify the range of activities included in the curriculum. The results also provide the theoretical basis for e-learning software development and represent a new contribution to the literature.
Is non-high-density lipoprotein associated with metabolic syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mardi Parham , Abdi Fatemeh , Ehsani Amir , Seif Ehsan , Djalalinia Shirin , Heshmati Javad , Shahrestanaki Ehsan , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Novel atherogenic lipid indices, including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) which is calculated by subtracting the HDL-C value from the total cholesterol level, atherogenic index (ratio between triglycerides (TG) and HDL-C concentrations (TG/HDL-C)), and Diff-C (calculated by subtracting low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) from non-HDL-C), have been known as valuable predictors of dyslipidemia and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have reported the potential association of novel atherogenic lipid indices with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled association of novel atherogenic lipid indices with MetS or its components.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases from January 2000 until March 2021 to evaluate the association of novel atherogenic lipid indices, including non-HDL-C, atherogenic index, and the difference between non-HDL-C and LDL-C (Diff-C) with MetS. Observational studies were included without any language restriction. As exclusive studies evaluating the association of non-HDL-C with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were eligible to be included in quantitative analyses, a random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the odds ratios (ORs). A stratified meta-analysis was performed based on the definition of MetS [Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF)] and the studied population.

Results

Overall, 318 studies were retrieved from an initial systematic search. After screening, 18 and five studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Qualitative synthesis revealed an association between non-HDL-C, Diff-C, and atherogenic index with MetS and its components. Stratified meta-analysis showed that an increased non-HDL-C level was associated with an increased odds of MetS based on ATP criteria (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 2.14-5.39) and IDF criteria (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98-3.44) in adults (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.29-4.78) and in children (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.65-2.90).

Conclusion

Novel atherogenic lipid indices, including atherogenic index, Diff-c, and non-HDL-C, are strongly associated with increased odds of MetS and its components. The indices could be considered as potential predictors of MetS and its components in clinical practice.
Human impacts on the world’s raptors
Authors: O’Bryan Christopher J. , Allan James R. , Suarez-Castro Andres Felipe , Delsen Dobrochna M. , Buij Ralph , McClure Christopher J. W. , Rehbein Jose A. , Virani Munir Z. , McCabe Jennifer D. , Tyrrell Peter , Negret Pablo J. , Greig Chris , Brehony Peadar , Kissling W. Daniel
Published: September 2022

Raptors are emblematic of the global biodiversity crisis because one out of five species are threatened with extinction and over half have declining populations due to human threats. Yet our understanding of where these “threats” impact raptor species is limited across terrestrial Earth. This is concerning because raptors, as apex predators, are critically positioned in ecological food webs, and their declining populations can undermine important ecosystem services ranging from pest control to disease regulation. Here, we map the distribution of 15 threats within the known ranges of 172 threatened and near threatened raptor species globally as declared by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. We analyze the proportion of each raptor range that is exposed to threats, identify global hotspots of impacted raptor richness, and investigate how human impacts on raptors vary based on several intrinsic (species traits) and extrinsic factors. We find that humans are potentially negatively affecting at least one threatened raptor species across three quarters of Earth’s terrestrial area (78%; 113 million km2). Our results also show that raptors have 66% of their range potentially impacted by threats on average (range 2.7–100%). Alarmingly, critically endangered species have 90% of their range impacted by threats on average. We also highlight 57 species (33%) of particular concern that have > 90% of their ranges potentially impacted. Without immediate conservation intervention, these 57 species, including the most heavily impacted Forest Owlet (Athene blewitti), the Madagascar Serpent-eagle (Eutriorchis astur), and the Rufous Fishing-owl (Scotopelia ussheri), will likely face extinction in the near future. Global “hotspots” of impacted raptor richness are ubiquitous, with core areas of threat in parts of the Sahel and East Africa where 92% of the assessed raptors are potentially impacted per grid cell (10 species on average), and in Northern India where nearly 100% of raptors are potentially impacted per grid cell (11 species). Additionally, “coolspots” of unimpacted richness that represent refuges from threats occur in Greenland and Canada, where 98 and 58% of raptors are potentially unimpacted per grid cell, respectively (nearly one species on average), Saharan Africa, where 21% of raptors are potentially unimpacted per grid cell (one species on average), and parts of the Amazon, where 12% of raptors are potentially unimpacted per grid cell (0.6 species on average). The results provide essential information to guide conservation planning and action for the world’s imperiled raptors.
Potential factors of cytokeratin fragment 21-1 and cancer embryonic antigen for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung cancer
Authors: Tang Jing , Shu Hui-Ye , Sun Tie , Zhang Li-Juan , Kang Min , Ying Ping , Ling Qian , Zou Jie , Liao Xu-Lin , Wang Yi-Xin , Wei Hong , Shao Yi
Published: September 2022

Objective: Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor, characterized by being difficult to detect and lacking specific clinical manifestations. This study aimed to find out the risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and explore the correlation between serum tumor markers and mediastinal lymph node metastasis and lung cancer prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective study of 3,042 lung cancer patients (330 patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis and 2,712 patients without mediastinal lymph node metastasis) collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from April 1999 to July 2020. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, mediastinal lymph node metastasis group and non-mediastinal lymph node metastasis group. Student’s t test, non-parametric rank sum test and chi-square test were used to describe whether there is a significant difference between the two groups. We compared the serum biomarkers of the two groups of patients, including exploring serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium hemoglobin (HB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, CA-199, CA -153, cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and the incidence and prognosis of lung cancer mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine its risk factors, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate its diagnostic value for mediastinal lymph node metastasis.

Results: Binary logistic regression analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen and CYFRA 21-1 were independent risk factors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of CEA for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis were 90.2 and 7.6%, respectively; CYFRA 21-1 were 0.6 and 99.0%, respectively.

Conclusion: Serum CEA and CYFRA 21-1 have predictive value in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer.