bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigación en industrias culturales: construcción bibliográfica y aproximaciones a su uso conceptual
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Luis David , Ospina-Martínez Oswaldo
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta el uso del concepto industrias culturales como derrotero de procesos investigativos a través de una construcción bibliográfica. Inicia con una revisión literaria que abarca desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2018, mediante la exploración de 25 artículos de impacto, a nivel global, de las principales revistas indexadas dentro de la base de datos Scopus. Se trata de un estudio no experimental, de tipo exploratorio y conceptual que logró la identificación de temáticas asociadas a las investigaciones de este concepto y al reconocimiento de nuevos espacios de apropiación. Se reconoció la transformación de las industrias culturales de intermediarias a garantes de derechos, funcionando como catalizadoras de nuevos espacios de inclusión. Además, su investigación se ha centrado en poblaciones y grupos humanos específicos, lo que ha generado la inminente necesidad de mayor regulación del sector cultural, en la medida en que se presentan diferentes modos y formas de accionar, de tal forma que no existen estructuras definidas. Este artículo se plantea como una primera fase de investigación que tomó como punto de inicio el propio concepto de industrias culturales, por ser el entorno general para la búsqueda de información, con el fin de ampliarlo a la totalidad del sector cultural en futuras investigaciones que, además, impacten y generen resultados específicos dentro de cada uno de los subsectores que hacen parte del ecosistema creativo y cultural.
La diplomacia cultural colombiana como instrumento para mejorar su imagen internacional
Authors: Varela-Trujillo Paola Beatriz
Published: April 2021

La diplomacia cultural se ha convertido en una herramienta eficiente para el posicionamiento de un país a nivel internacional, puesto que busca generar una visión positiva en el público extranjero. Este es el caso de Colombia, que la ha empleado con la finalidad de cambiar la percepción negativa que se tiene del país como consecuencia de la violencia, el narcotráfico y los conflictos presentes en su territorio durante la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. Por tanto, dada la relativa contemporaneidad de la consolidación de esta estrategia, el objetivo de este documento es analizar el diseño y la implementación de la diplomacia cultural de Colombia encaminada a mejorar la percepción del país a nivel internacional. En este propósito se revisan las estrategias implementadas por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, su marca país, el impulso de la cultura en el interior de su territorio como un componente fundamental del proceso de paz, la diplomacia cultural de ciudades como Medellín y algunas estadísticas sobre inversión extranjera directa y turismo en el país. Se concluye que Colombia tiene un camino trazado y muchos activos culturales que explotar, aunque debe trabajar en el propósito de innovar y diversificar sus cartas de presentación¸ se debe trabajar entonces de manera articulada para que los resultados de su diplomacia cultural tengan un efecto más allá del cambio de la imagen que tienen del país; además existen grandes retos por superar en materia cultural y educativa, ya que el consumo cultural todavía no es tan asequible para la población.
Smoking Habits and the Influence of War on Cigarette and Shisha Smoking in Syria
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Alhalabi Mohammad M , Alyousbashi Ayham , Ghareeb Ayham , Hamid Laura , Al-Tammemi Ala’a B.
Published: April 2021

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for various preventable medical conditions. Our present study aimed at assessing Shisha and cigarette smoking in a sample of the Syrian population as well as assessing the interactions between smoking status and various war-related and sociodemographic variables.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2019 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey questionnaire solicited data on sociodemographic profile, medical history, smoking status and patterns along with some war-related impacts. Results: The sample comprised of 987 participants and had a mean age of 24.69 years. Around two-thirds of the overall cohort were females. Concerning smoking, a total of 371 participants (37.9%) were identified to be smokers, of whom 211, 84, 76 were exclusive shisha smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, and dual smokers, respectively. Cigarette and shisha smoking was more common in males with p<0.0001. Males also smoked cigarettes and shisha daily, and in larger quantities than females p<0.05, while females were found to be more social smokers. Although cigarette smoking was more prevalent in older ages, shisha use was more prominent in younger ages. Losing someone close due to war was associated with smoking cigarettes p=0.002, and smoking in general p<0.001Conclusions: In our study, males tend to smoke more and be heavier smokers than females while females smoked shisha more frequently and socially. War and peer pressure were among the major contributors to smoking. Policies should aim to target young adults as shisha is becoming more popular among them.
Effect of types of placenta previa on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A 10-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bi Shilei , Zhang Lizi , Wang Zhijian , Chen Jingsi , Tang Jingman , Gong Jingjin , Xie Sushan , Tan Hu , Lin Lin , Ren Luwen , Zeng Shanshan , Huang Lijun , Wang Shaoshuai , Du Lili , Chen Dunjin
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Through this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of placenta previa (PP) on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This study was conducted in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Tongji Hospital between January 2009 and 2019. PP was traditionally classified into four types, namely low-lying placenta, marginal, partial, and complete PP. Previous studies have classified PP into two types, namely low-lying placenta and PP. Based on our clinical experience, we proposed the classification of PP into three types, for the first time, which included low-lying placenta, “marpartial” (marginal and partial) PP, and complete PP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of different types of PP on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Results: In total, 4490 singleton pregnancies were complicated with PP. In the four-classification method, compared with women with low-lying placenta, women with complete PP had a risk of placenta accrete spectrum disorders, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), hemorrhagic shock, severe PPH, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, puerperal infection, preterm labor, NICU admission, and low birth weight. There was no difference in maternal and neonatal outcomes between marginal and partial PP, except for increased chances of preterm labor and low birth weight in partial PP. In the two-classification method, PP was the risk factor for most of the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, compared with low-lying placenta.Conclusion: Complete PP and low-lying placenta were associated with the highest and lowest risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, respectively, whereas clinically similar outcomes were observed between marginal and partial PP. The three-classification of PP may be practical from the clinical perspective.
Fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with unidirectional liquid penetration for personal thermal management applications
Authors: chen Yongfang , Gu Bin , Li Yuqi , Yang Dongya , Qiu Fengxian , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2021

Controllable and reliable fabrication of wearable materials with tunable structures and integrated functionalities are urgently required for personal thermal management. Herein, this highlight presents the fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with infrared insulation, antibacterial and unidirectional liquid penetration properties via orderly vacuum filtration of hydrophobic cellulose, hydrophilic cellulose and ultra-long MnO2 nanowires coated with silver (MnO2 nanowires@Ag). To do this, hydrophobic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by surface modification with silane coupling agent (A151), while hydrophilic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by HNO3 treatment. Silver coated MnO2 nanowires, as the building blocks of laminated membranes, were prepared by magnetron sputtering of silver nanoparticles onto the surfaces of MnO2 nanowires. The characterizations indicated that silver nano coating with high infrared radiation reflectivity and excellent electrical conductivity were successfully fabricated onto MnO2 nanowires surfaces, resulting in infrared insulation properties of the laminated cellulose membranes. In addition, the laminated membranes exhibit excellent unidirectional liquid penetration properties that can enhance the wearing comfort for the laminated cellulose membranes. In the antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the laminated membranes exhibit large diameters of inhibition zones, revealing the high antibacterial activity. Moreover, excellent electrical conductivity of silver coating grants the superior Joule heating, generating rapid thermal response and uniform electrical heating at low supply voltage for extra warmth. These results indicate a promising potential of the laminated cellulose membranes for tackling personal thermal management issues related to wearable applications.
Andesitic Magmatism on a Differentiated Asteroid
Authors: Nicklas Robert , Day James , Gardner-Vandy Kathryn , Udry Arya
Published: April 2021

The Earth differs from other terrestrial planets in having a substantial silica-rich continental crust with a bulk andesitic composition1. The compositional dichotomy between oceanic and continental crust is likely related to water-rich subduction processes2. Over the past decade, the discovery of meteorites with andesitic bulk compositions have demonstrated that continental-crust like compositions can be attained through partial melting of chondritic protoliths3,4,5. Here we show that a newly identified achondrite meteorite, Erg Chech (EC) 002, is a high-Mg andesite but that, unlike previous andesitic achondrites has strongly fractionated and low abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE), reminiscent of Earth’s upper continental crust6. The major and HSE composition of EC 002 can be explained if its asteroid parent body underwent metal-silicate equilibrium prior to silicate partial melting without losing significant volatile components. The chemistry of pyroxene grains in EC 002 suggests it approximates a parental melt composition, which cannot be produced by partial melting of pre-existing basaltic lithologies, but more likely requires a metal-free chondritic source. Erg Chech 002 likely formed by ~ 15% melting of the mantle of an alkali-undepleted differentiated asteroid. The discovery of EC 002 shows that extensive silicate differentiation after metal-silicate equilibration was already occurring in the first two million years of solar system history7, and that andesitic crustal compositions do not always require water-rich subduction processes to be produced.
Spatiotemporal imaging of anisotropic charge transfer in photocatalyst particles
Authors: Li Can , Chen Ruotian , Ren Zefeng , Liang Yu , Dittrich Thomas , Pang Shan , Zhao Yue , An Hongyu , Zhang Guanhua , Fan Fengtao
Published: April 2021

Water-splitting reactions using photocatalyst particles are promising routes for solar fuel production1-4. Photoinduced charge transfer from a photocatalyst to catalytic surface sites is key in ensuring photocatalytic efficiency5; however, it is challenging to understand this process, which spans a wide spatiotemporal range from nanometers to micrometers and from femtoseconds to seconds6-8. Although the steady-state charge distribution on single photocatalyst particles has been mapped using microscopic techniques9-11 and the averaged charge transfer dynamics in photocatalyst aggregations have been revealed via time-resolved spectroscopy12,13, spatiotemporally evolving charge transfer processes in single photocatalyst particles cannot be tracked, and the mechanism of charge transfer is unknown. Here, we report spatiotemporally resolved surface photovoltage measurements on Cu2O photocatalyst particles to map complete charge transfer processes throughout the femtosecond to second time scale at the single-particle level. We found that photogenerated electrons are transferred to the catalytic surface ballistically on a sub-picosecond timescale and are retained at this location for the duration, whereas photogenerated holes are transferred to a spatially separated surface and stabilized via selective trapping on a microsecond timescale. We demonstrate that these ballistic electron transfer and anisotropic trapping regimes, which challenge the classical perception of the drift–diffusion model, contribute to efficient charge separation in photocatalysis and improve the photocatalytic performance. We anticipate our findings to demonstrate the universality of other photoelectronic devices and facilitate the rational design of photocatalysts.
Activation Network Localization of Facial Emotion Processing
Authors: Peng Shaoling , Xu Pengfei , Jiang Yaya , Gong Gaolang
Published: April 2021

Facial emotion processing is a basic psychological function of the human brain. Functional neuroimaging techniques have been widely used to probe its neural substrates in healthy subjects. However, like many other psychological functions, functional activations during facial emotion processing have been reported throughout the brain, and the findings are largely inconsistent across studies. Here, we attempted to test whether heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings of facial emotion processing localized to a connected network and whether network localization could partly explain the poor reproducibility observed. First, using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis technique, we showed that individual-brain-based reproducibility was low across studies. Then, using a new technique termed ‘activation network mapping’, which was adapted from lesion network mapping, we found that network-based reproducibility across these same studies was rather high; also, these seemingly heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings mainly localized to a common brain network. Finally, our localized network based on activation matched brain stimulation locations—and the network derived from it—that disrupted facial emotion processing. It also aligned well with structural abnormalities in alexithymia—a disorder characterized by a deficiency in the ability to identify emotions, and brain lesions that disrupt facial emotion processing. Our results suggest that heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings of facial emotion processing in healthy people localize to a common connected network, which improves the seemingly poor reproducibility among functional neuroimaging studies. Activation network mapping may prove to be a novel network-based technique that is potentially broadly applicable to localize brain networks of cognitive functions based on brain activations in healthy individuals.
SARS-CoV-2 induces transcription of human endogenous retrovirus RNA followed by type W envelope protein expression in human lymphoid cells.
Authors: Charvet Benjamin , Mazelier Magalie , Brunel Joanna , Pierquin Justine , Mougari Said , Iampietro Matthieu , Decimo Didier , Queruel Nelly , Matthieu Cyrille , Horvat Branka , Perron Hervé
Published: April 2021

Patients with COVID-19 may develop abnormal inflammatory response and lymphopenia, followed in some cases by delayed-onset syndromes, often long-lasting after resolution of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. As viral infections may activate human endogenous retroviral elements (HERV), we studied the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on HERV-W and HERV-K envelope (ENV) expression, known to be involved in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of human diseases. We demonstrate here that an initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus activates early HERV-W and K transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from healthy donors. Within a week of primary PBMC culture, only HERV-W ENV protein expression was detected in lymphoid cells of some donors, although SARS-CoV-2 infection of PBMC was not observed. HERV activation was reproduced with UV-inactivated virus and with a recombinant spike protein. Interestingly, exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protein induced a significant production of interleukin 6 in PBMC, independently from detectable HERV expression. Altogether, these results show that SARS-CoV-2 viral protein could induce HERV-W ENV expression in lymphocytes from some individuals, underlying the importance to further address the implicated molecular pathways, to understand patients‘ genetic susceptibility associated to the activation of HERV-W and its possible relevance for targeting therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 associated syndromes.
Salt-tolerance Function in Halotolerant Bacteria from Coastal Soil and Sediment Present near Saltern Field of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Chen Yonggan , Zhang Zhenhua , Luo Hongwei , Li Zhen
Published: April 2021

Characterization of the salt-tolerance function in microbial communities is important for understanding the soil and sediment biodiversity distribution near saltern affected by the environmental factors. Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA and ITS to investigate the distribution and salt-tolerance function of microbial communities in coastal soils and sediments present near Yinggehai saltern field of Hainan Island, China. The microbial communities in the soil and sediments of the land zone (YGHLS), the intertidal zone (YGHIS), and inshore zone (YGHWS) were compared. PCoA of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances showed the difference in soil microbial communities across the samples. ANOSIM analysis revealed that the three samples were separated from each other. Halomonas , Halobacillus and Wallemia presented in the samples and accounted for 0.0335 ± 0.0586%, 0.0241 ± 0.0304% and 0.0308 ± 0.0445% of the total microbial community. Relative abundance of Na + :H + antiporter, Trk system potassium uptake protein and Kdp operon response regulator in the samples exceed 0.02%, 0.09% and 0.06% respectively. It revealed that the halotolerant bacteria of Yinggehai coastal soil and sediment mainly take the Trk system for salt-tolerance function.
Design Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming in a MIMO-millimeter Wave 5G Heterogeneous Wireless Network using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Chopra Sanjeev
Published: April 2021

Beamforming (BF) is a smart antenna technique to provide a summation of the weighted signal over multi-users to produce the more concentrated transmitted signal from massive MIMO antenna arrays deployed in a Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) 5G heterogeneous wireless network. It adjusts the amplitudes and phases of the signals received over different antennas in an optimum manner in the form of directional radiation. This paper will help in the installation of 5G and 6G mm-Wave heterogeneous wireless networks. Here, adaptive BF is designed and being implemented on the Machine Learning (ML) platform using Signal-to-Noise-Interference Ratio (SINR). The four ML methods having six BF properties to estimate the SINR of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) - mm-Wave 5G wireless network are explored. The proposed algorithm suppresses noise plus interference and can reduce the power consumption. The python package pyArgus focusing on the BF and direction finding algorithms has been used for 20,000 simulations. The BF features namely noise variance, number of antenna elements, distance between antenna elements, azimuth angular range of receiving array, elevation angular range of receiving array and Direction of Arrival (DOA) of signal i.e. incident angle of Signal-of-Interest (SOI) are used in predicting the SINR. The 10-fold cross-validation experiment is performed to assess the robustness of the best predictive method. By conducting the rigorous simulations, it has been observed that Random Forest (RF) method outperforms over the three other ML methods such as Tree model i.e. rpart, Generalized Linear Model (glm) and Neural Network (nnet), which does the prediction inexpensive and faster. The performance analysis parameters’ result represents that the prediction of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by RF is lowest 70.73 in value, and its Accuracy is maximum 86.40%, in value having the acceptable error on the training-testing data set.
Outcome Measures in Solid Organ Donor Management Research - a Systematic Review
Authors: Bera Kasia D , Shah Akshay , English  , Ploeg RJ
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTo systematically review published outcome measures across randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of donor management interventions. MethodsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with recommendations by the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA statement. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science as well as trial databases from 1980 to December 2019 for RCTs of donor management interventions. ResultsTwenty-two RCTs (n = 3432 donors) were included in our analysis. Fourteen RCTs (63.6%) reported a primary outcome relating to a single organ only. Eight RCTs primarily focused on aspects of donor optimisation in critical care. Thyroid hormones and methylprednisolone were the most commonly evaluated interventions (five and four studies, respectively). Only two studies, focusing on single organs (e.g. kidney), evaluated outcomes relating to other organs. The majority of studies evaluated physiological or biomarker-related outcomes. No study evaluated recipient health-related quality of life. Only one study sought consent from potential organ recipients. ConclusionsThe majority of RCTs evaluating donor management interventions only assessed single organ outcomes or effects on donor stability in critical care. There is a need for an evaluation of patient-centred recipient outcomes, and standardisation and reporting of outcome measures for future donor management RCTs. PROSPERO RegistrationCRD42018109487
Up-scaling nanoparticle synthesis by sputter deposition in ionic liquids
Authors: Meischein Michael , Ludwig Alfred
Published: April 2021

Up-scaling of nanoparticle fabrication by sputtering into an ionic liquid is shown for the example of Cu. Long-time sputtering (24 h) into a large amount (50 mL) of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Bmim][(Tf)2N] yields an amount of approximately 1 g Cu nanoparticles (mean spherical diameter (2.6 ± 1.1) nm), stabilized in ionic liquid without agglomerations. Extraction of Cu nanoparticles from the stabilizing ionic liquid was performed with the capping agent hexadecylamine. Extracted particles could be redispersed in other solvents, thus enabling applications of sputtered nanoparticles beyond ionic liquids.
Topical tacrolimus in ocular Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Shawki Samir , Tabbara Khalid
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus eye drops in the treatment of patients with ocular Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).MethodsTen consecutive patients with ocular GVHD were included retrospectively. All patients were treated with topical tacrolimus (0.01% - 0.03%) twice daily. Five patients were given adjunctive topical steroids for 4 to 6 weeks. The outcome measures included improvement of symptoms of photophobia, ocular pain and discharge and signs of superficial punctate keratitis and conjunctival hyperemia. Clinical assessment was carried out before, during and on the last visit after treatment.ResultsThere were 9 males and 1 female patients. The mean age was 30 years (range 5 to 51). All patients had bilateral ocular involvement. Duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 22 months (mean 6.5 months). There was improvement of symptoms in 8/10 (80%), superficial punctate keratitis in 8(40%) out of the 20 eyes and conjunctival hyperemia in 12 (66%) out of 18 eyes. The response to treatment was noted to be late following initiation of therapy (Average 3 weeks; range 1 to 8 weeks). Patients given adjunctive steroids responded faster. The main adverse ocular side effects were burning sensation, redness and swollen lids.ConclusionTopical tacrolimus is a safe and effective long-term therapy in the treatment of patients with ocular GVHD. Adjunctive short-term use of topical steroids may lead to faster response to topical tacrolimus therapy. Patients should be encouraged to continue use of topical tacrolimus as the onset of action may be delayed.
Temporary application of ox muzzle drainage in knee arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Xiao Mochao , Lu Daifeng
Published: April 2021

Background: Ox muzzle drainage is temporary a type of drainage system surrounding the anterior internal and lateral incision of knee arthroscopy. In order to make the operation visual field clear, reduce the operation time, reduce the knee pain；Methods: A total of 104 patients with meniscal associated injury who underwent knee arthroscopic meniscus between May 2014 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Temporary use during surgery Ox muzzle drainage was applied in 51 patients, while the other 53 patients were served as conventional group. The volume of irrigation fluid drained from the knee articular cavity, duration of operation, operative view clarity and occurrence of anterior knee pain.Visual clarity was evaluated with a numerical rating scale.Results: The irrigation fluid volume was significantly greater, while duration of operation was markedly shorter in the ox muzzle drainage group than the control (3200–6200ml：1700-4500ml，14-49min：22-63min，t=11.494，t=9.846，P<0.01). The operative view clarity in the ox muzzle drainage group was obviously better than the control (87.42%：66.09%，t=5.474，P<0.05). The incidence of anterior knee pain was lower than that of the control group(c2=11.105，P<0.01).Conclusions: Ox muzzle drainage temporary is feasible for intra-operative irrigation and stretching of the fat pad in knee arthroscopy, It is conducive to the operation of surgical instruments, shortening the operation time, reducing the injury of the subpatellar fat pad and the occurrence of anterior knee pain.
TRAFIC: Statistical Plan for a Pragmatic Early Phase 1/2 Bayesian Adaptive Dose Escalation Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cole Michael , Yap Christina , Buckley Christopher , Ng Wan-Fai , McInnes Iain , Filer Andrew , Siebert Stefan , Pratt Arthur , Isaacs John D , Stocken Deborah D
Published: April 2021

Background: Adaptive model-based dose-finding designs have demonstrated advantages over traditional rule-based designs but have increased statistical complexity resulting in slow uptake especially outside of cancer trials. TRAFIC is a multi-centre, early phase trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis incorporating a model-based design.Methods: A Bayesian adaptive dose-finding phase I trial rolling into a single arm, single stage phase II trial. Model parameters for phase I were chosen via Monte Carlo simulation evaluating objective performance measures under clinically relevant scenarios and incorporated stopping rules for early termination. Potential designs were further calibrated utilising dose transition pathways.Discussion: TRAFIC is an MRC funded trial of a re-purposed treatment demonstrating that it is possible to design, fund and implement a model-based phase I trial in a non-cancer population within conventional research funding tracks and regulatory constraints. The phase I design allows borrowing of information from previous trials; all accumulated data to be utilised in decision-making; verification of operating characteristics through simulation; improved understanding for management and oversight teams through dose transition pathways. The rolling phase II design brings efficiencies in trial conduct including site and monitoring activities, and cost.TRAFIC is the first funded model-based dose-finding trial in inflammatory disease demonstrating that small phase I/II trials can have an underlying statistical basis for decision-making and interpretation.Trial Registration: ISRCTN 36667085
Supertoroidal light pulses: Propagating electromagnetic skyrmions in free space
Authors: Shen Yijie , Hou Yaonan , Papasimakis Nikitas , Zheludev Nikolay
Published: April 2021

Topologically complex transient electromagnetic fields give access to nontrivial light-matter interactions and provide additional degrees of freedom for information transfer. An important example of such electromagnetic excitations are space-time non-separable single-cycle pulses of toroidal topology, the exact solutions of Maxwell described by Hellwarth and Nouchi in 1996 and recently observed experimentally. Here we introduce a new family of electromagnetic excitation, the supertoroidal electromagnetic pulses, in which the Hellwarth-Nouchi pulse is just the simplest member. The supertoroidal pulses exhibit skyrmionic structure of the electromagnetic fields, multiple singularities in the Poynting vector maps and fractal-like distributions of energy backflow. They are of interest for transient light-matter interactions, ultrafast optics, spectroscopy, and toroidal electrodynamics.
The MiR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT Axis Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Ning Yichong , Zeng Guirong , Zhou Hao , Zhou Lin , Xiao Pei , Li Zhihong , Zhou Jianlin
Published: April 2021

MiR-193a-5p has been observed to have oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions in different kinds of cancers, but its role and molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma are elusive. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3) normally extrude Ca2+ from the cell, and deregulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is related to several kinds of diseases, including cancer. The present study demonstrated that miR-193a-5p was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, and promoted colony formation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2 and U-2OS), as well as metastasis in a murine xenograft model. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis identified NCX2 as a potential target of miR-193a-5p. Luciferase activity assays and Western blotting further confirmed that miR-193a-5p recognized the 3′-untranslated region of NCX2 mRNA, and negatively regulated NCX2 expression. NCX2 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues, and its expression was negatively correlated with miR-193a-5p levels. Ectopic expression of NCX2 in osteosarcoma cells could reverse the oncogenicity of miR-193a-5p, indicating that miR-193a-5p exerted its effects by targeting NCX2. Further study demonstrated that NCX2 suppresses Ca2+-dependent Akt phosphorylation by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, then inhibited EMT process. Treatment with the antagomir against miR-193a-5p sensitized osteosarcoma to the Akt inhibitor afuresertib in a murine xenograft model. In conclusion, a miR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT signaling axis contributes to the progression of osteosarcoma, which may provide a new therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
Dynamic Feedback Analysis of Incentive Factors for Building Energy Conservation Reconstruction in China
Authors: Guo Handing , Qiao Wanzhen , Wang Xing
Published: April 2021

The situation of high energy consumption in construction industry is becoming increasingly severe, which hinders the sustainable development of world economy, society and environment. Building energy conservation reconstruction is urgent. The long-term and effective promote of buildings energy conservation reconstruction depends on the market development. However, its external characteristics and public goods attributes determine it is necessity of implementing incentives. The incentives of the buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development not limited in policy incentives, involving multiple influencing factors, which are interrelated and complex systems engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate many factors into a coordinated dynamic system. This paper uses literature analysis method and expert interview method to identify the factors that affect incentives of buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development. In this study, the incentive structure frameworks of incentive elements, incentive operation, incentive efficiency and incentive environment were constructed by using the whole and part research idea. Based on principle of dynamic feedback analysis, Vensiem PLE was used to respectively analysis the four subsystem causality diagrams, the dynamic feedback relationship among the influencing factors in each incentive subsystem were clarified. The results demonstrate that incentive goal consistency, inspire all links, incentive system integrity and market maturity are the key factors affecting the incentive effect of the whole system. Finally, some optimization suggestions on incentive mechanism are put forward to promote the buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development.
Improving quality of service for cell-edge user in D2D-relay networks
Authors: Xing Xuefeng , Cao jing , Zhou hongtao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate a scenario of D2D-relay communications where one D2D user may help cell-edge user to exchange information for improving its quality of service (QoS). We formulate a resource allocation problem, which aims at maximizing the data rate of the cell-edge user. In particular, we propose an iterative power allocation algorithm and derive the optimal closed-form power allocation expressions by Lagrangian dual method. Simulation results verify the theoretical solution and show that our D2D-relay scheme achieves higher spectrum efficiency than the traditional cellular-relay communication scheme.
The Impact of Output Volatility on CO2 Emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC Hypothesis with Fourier Stationarity Test
Authors: Genç Murat Can , Ekinci Aykut , Sakarya Burchan
Published: April 2021

This study uses the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) approach to determine the dynamic short- and long-term impacts of the volatility of economic growth (VOL) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Turkey from 1980 to 2016. The results of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach indicate that there is a long-run relationship between CO2, per capita real GDP, and VOL. The coefficients obtained from the ARDL estimation indicate that economic growth increases CO2 emissions, but VOL decreases CO2 emissions in the long run. However, the coefficients obtained from the ARDL error correction model show that VOL increases CO2 emissions in the short run. We also find that the EKC is valid in Turkey.
CIRP Promotes the Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Through Activation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling via CTNNB1
Authors: Liao Yi , Feng Jianguo , Sun Weichao , Wu Chao , Li Jingyao , Jing Tao , Liang Yuteng , Qian Yonghui , Liu Wenlan , Wang Haidong
Published: April 2021

Background: Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) is a newly discovered proto-oncogene. In this study, we investigated the role of CIRP in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using clinic samples, cultured cell lines and animal lung cancer models. Methods: Tissue arrays, IHC and HE staining, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the indicated gene expression; Plasmid and siRNA transfections as well as viral infection were used to manipulate gene expression; Cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, cell migration and invasion analysis, soft agar colony formation assay, tail intravenous injecting and subcutaneously inoculating of animal models were performed to study the role of CIRP in NSCLC cells; Gene expression microarray was used to select the underlying pathways; RNA immunoprecipitation assay, biotin pull-down assay, immuno-purification assay, mRNA decay analyses and luciferase reporter assay were performed to elucidate the mechanisms. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, independent sample T test, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, spearman rank test and two-tailed independent sample T-test were used accordingly in our study. Results: Our data showed that CIRP was highly expressed in NSCLC tissue, and its level was negatively correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. By manipulating CIRP expression in A549, H460, H1299, and H1650 cell lines, we demonstrated that CIRP overexpression promoted the transition of G1/G0 phase to S phase and the formation of enhanced malignant phenotype of NSCLC, reflected by increased proliferation, enhanced invasion/metastasis and greater tumorigenic capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing further demonstrated that CIRP acted on cell cycle, DNA replication and Wnt signaling pathway to exert its pro-oncogenic action. Mechanistically, CIRP directly bound to the 3’- and 5'-UTR of CTNNB1 mRNA, leading to enhanced stability and translation of CTNNB1 mRNA and promote IRES-mediated protein synthesis, respectively. Eventually, the increased CTNNB1 protein levels mediated excessive activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and its downstream C-myc, COX-2, CCND1, MMP7, VEGFA and CD44. Conclusion: Our results support CIRP as a candidate oncogene in NSCLC and a potential target for NSCLC therapy.
A Cognitive knowledged Energy-Efficient path selection using Centroid and Ant-Colony Optimized Hybrid protocol for WSN-Assisted IoT
Authors: Nalluri Prophess Raj Kumar , Gnanadhas Josemin Bala
Published: April 2021

In WSN-assisted IoT environment, the sensors are resource constrained. The energy, computing and storage resources of deployed sensors in the sensing area are limited. Clustering is the key method for saving energy in wireless sensor networks. A hybrid protocol named as an Energy Efficient Centroid-based Ant colony Optimization (EECAO) protocol is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the sensor network in WSN-assisted IoT environments. The protocol uses the concept of centroid based clustering to gather the information of local clusters and ant colony optimization to relay that information to the base station. proposed hybrid protocol includes multiple clustering factors such as energy cost, channel consistency and cognitive sensor throughput to select cluster heads and a new distributed cluster formation for self-organizing deployed sensors. Selection of the super cluster head among the cluster heads is based on the energy centroid position for a defined coverage area. In EECAO protocol, the energy level of cognitive sensors is the key parameter for defining the position of centroid. To reduce the long-distance communication, path optimization between the super cluster heads and the base station is carried out using an ant routing model. Our simulation results indicate that EECAO protocol performs better when benchmarked against existing ETSP and EECRP protocols. The proposed hybrid protocol EECAO is well-suited for networks that requires long lifetime when the base station is placed at either center, border or outside the network.
Chemical Imaging Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Dissolving Microneedle Arrays By Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Miyazaki Tamaki , Yamamoto Eiichi , Koide Tatsuo , Izutsu Ken-ichi
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a quality evaluation method for dissolving microneedle arrays (DMNAs) and determine the spatial distribution pattern of drugs in DMNAs. Raman spectroscopy mapping was used to visualize the drug distribution in DMNAs and drug-loaded polymer films as a model. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and high-pressure liquid chromatography were also performed to characterize DMNAs. Drug-loaded polymer films and DMNAs were prepared by drying the aqueous solutions spread on the plates or casting. PXRD analysis suggested the crystallization of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in several forms depending on its amount in the sodium hyaluronate (HA)-based films. The Raman spectra of HA and DCF showed characteristic and non-overlapping peaks at 1376 and 1579 cm -1 Raman shifts, respectively. The intensity of the characteristic peak of DCF in the DCF-loaded films increased linearly with the increasing drug content in the range of 4.8 to 16.7 % (DCF, w/w). Raman imaging analysis revealed a homogenous dispersion of small DCF crystals in these films. Raman imaging indicates the distribution of DCF on the surface of the DMNA needle. This work highlights the benefit of using Raman spectroscopy mapping to reveal the spatial distribution of drugs in DMNAs.
WITHDRAWN: RETRACTED: Optimizing the performance of Image Deduplication system for effective storage in cloud using Enhanced Prefix Hash Tree
Authors: Sujatha G , RetnaRaj Jeberson
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
DVCC based (2+α) order low pass Bessel filter using optimization techniques
Authors: Soni Ashu , Gupta Maneesha
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes the design and analysis of (2+α) order low pass Bessel filter using different optimization techniques. The coefficients of the proposed filter are found out by minimizing the error between transfer functions of (2+α) order low pass filter and third-order Bessel approximation using simulated annealing (SA), interior search algorithm (ISA), and nonlinear least square (NLS) optimization techniques. The best optimization technique based on the error in gain, cut off frequency, roll-off, passband, stopband, and phase is chosen for designing the proposed filter. The stability analysis of the proposed filter has also been done in W-plane. The simulated responses of the best optimized proposed filter are obtained using the FOMCON toolbox of MATLAB and SPICE. The circuit realization of 2.5 order low pass Bessel filter is done using two DVCCs (differential voltage current conveyors), one generalized impedance converter (GIC) based inductor, and one fractional capacitor. The proposed filter is implemented for the cut off frequency of 10 kHz using a wideband fractional capacitor. Monte Carlo noise analyses are also performed for the proposed filter. The MATLAB and SPICE results are shown in good agreement.
Design of Low Power Hybrid Communication Model
Authors: D Menaka , Gauni Sabitha , C.T Manimegalai , K Kalimuthu
Published: April 2021

Communication in underwater is a growing research topic that plays a big role in forecasting accurate weather conditions. In which Acoustic communication is the upcoming technology well qualified for its long-distance underwater communication with certain restrictions like low data rate and high latency. To overcome this constrain wireless optical communication are preferred for high data transmission and less delay. The attempts are made to analyze the performance of the turbid and coastal water conditions.To improve the underwater communication model,a hybrid model is proposed for the applications like weather forecasts, military equipment, and missing debris.
Artificial Intelligence for anomaly detection by employing deep learning strategies in IoT networks using the trendy IoT-23 big data from Google's Tensorflow2.2
Authors: V Kanimozhi , Jacob T. Prem
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Safe Reopening Following Generalized Lockdowns: A Strategy Based on Evidence from 24 Worldwide Countries
Authors: Shonchoy Abu S. , Ishtiaq Khandker S. , Talukder Sajedul , Ahmed Nasar U. , Chowdhury Rajiv
Published: April 2021

While the effectiveness of lockdowns to reduce Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) transmission is well established, uncertainties remain on the lifting principles of these restrictive interventions. World Health Organization recommends case positive rate of 5% or lower as a threshold for safe reopening. However, inadequate testing capacity limits the applicability of this recommendation, especially in the low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). To develop a practical reopening strategy for LMICs, in this study, we first identify the optimal timing of safe reopening by exploring accessible epidemiological data of 24 countries during the initial COVID-19 surge. We find that safely reopening requires a two-week waiting period, after the crossover of daily infection and recovery rates – coupled with a post-crossover continuous negative trend in daily new cases. Epidemiologic SIRM model-based simulation analysis validates our findings. Finally, we develop an easily interpretable large-scale reopening (LSR) index, which is an evidence-based toolkit – to guide/inform the reopening decisions for LMICs.
Circulating microbial content in myeloid malignancy patients carries diagnostic and prognostic potential
Authors: LaFramboise Thomas , Woerner Jakob , Huang Yidi , Hutter Stephan , Sánchez Jesús , Wang Janet , Wang Yimin , Aaby Michael , Schnabel Daniel , Xu Wanying , Maciejewski Jaroslaw , Koyuturk Mehmet , Haferlach Torsten
Published: April 2021

Although recent work has characterized the microbiome in solid tumors, microbial content in hematological malignancies is not well-characterized. Here we analyzed existing deep DNA sequence data from the blood and bone marrow of 1,870 patients with myeloid malignancies, along with healthy controls, for bacterial, fungal, and viral content. After strict quality filtering, we find evidence for dysbiosis in disease cases, and distinct microbial signatures among diagnoses. In patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, we provide evidence that Epstein-Barr infection status refines risk stratification into more precise categories than the current standard. Motivated by these observations, we construct machine-learning classifiers that can discriminate among disease subtypes based solely on bacterial content. Our study highlights the potential of the circulating microbiome as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.