bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guideline-based management of acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Fujishima Seitaro
Published: March 2023

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined by acute and progressive hypoxemia caused by various cardiorespiratory or systemic diseases in previously healthy patients. Among ARF, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition with bilateral lung infiltration, which develops secondary to a variety of underlying conditions, diseases, or injuries. This review summarizes the current standard of care for ARF and ARDS based on current major guidelines in this field. When administering fluid in patients with ARF, particularly ARDS, restrictive strategies need to be considered in patients without shock or multiple organ dysfunction. Regarding oxygenation targets, avoiding excessive hyperoxemia and hypoxemia is probably a reasonable choice. As a result of the rapid spread and accumulation of evidence for high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, it is now weakly recommended for the respiratory management of ARF in general and even for initial management of ARDS. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is also weakly recommended for the management of certain ARF conditions and as initial management of ARDS. Low tidal volume ventilation is now weakly recommended for all patients with ARF and strongly recommended for patients with ARDS. Limiting plateau pressure and high-level PEEP are weakly recommended for moderate-to-severe ARDS. Prone position ventilation with prolonged hours is weakly to strongly recommended for moderate-to-severe ARDS. In patients with COVID-19, ventilatory management is essentially the same as for ARF and ARDS, but awake prone positioning may be considered. In addition to standard care, treatment optimization and individualization, as well as the introduction of exploratory treatment, should be considered as appropriate. As a single pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, exhibits a wide variety of pathologies and lung dysfunction, ventilatory management for ARF and ARDS may be better tailored according to the respiratory physiologic status of individual patients rather than the causal or underlying diseases and conditions.
Temporal trends in occupational injuries treated in US emergency departments, 2012–2019
Authors: Lundstrom Eric W. , Hendricks Scott A. , Marsh Suzanne M. , Groth Caroline P. , Smith Gordon S. , Bhandari Ruchi
Published: March 2023

Background

Evidence suggests that rates of occupational injuries in the US are decreasing. As several different occupational injury surveillance systems are used in the US, more detailed investigation of this trend is merited. Furthermore, studies of this decrease remain descriptive and do not use inferential statistics. The aim of this study was to provide both descriptive and inferential statistics of temporal trends of occupational injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs) for 2012 to 2019.

Methods

Monthly non-fatal occupational injury rates from 2012 to 2019 were estimated using the national electronic injury surveillance system—occupational supplement (NEISS-Work) dataset, a nationally representative sample of ED-treated occupational injuries. Rates were generated for all injuries and by injury event type using monthly full-time worker equivalent (FTE) data from the US Current Population Survey as a denominator. Seasonality indices were used to detect seasonal variation in monthly injury rates. Trend analysis using linear regression adjusted for seasonality was conducted to quantify changes in injury rates from 2012 to 2019.

Results

Occupational injuries occurred at an average rate of 176.2 (95% CI =  ± 30.9) per 10,000 FTE during the study period. Rates were highest in 2012 and declined to their lowest level in 2019. All injury event types occurred at their highest rate in summer months (July or August) apart from falls, slips, and trips, which occurred at their highest rate in January. Trend analyses indicated that total injury rates decreased significantly throughout the study period (− 18.5%; 95% CI =  ± 14.5%). Significant decreases were also detected for injuries associated with contact with foreign object and equipment (− 26.9%; 95% CI =  ± 10.5%), transportation incidents (− 23.2%; 95% CI =  ± 14.7%), and falls, slips, and trips (− 18.1%; 95% CI =  ± 8.9%).

Conclusions

This study supports evidence that occupational injuries treated in US EDs have decreased since 2012. Potential contributors to this decrease include increased workplace mechanization and automation, as well as changing patterns in US employment and health insurance access.
Reachable set analysis of practical trans-lunar orbit via a retrograde semi-analytic model
Authors: He Bo-yong , Wu Sheng-gang , Li Heng-nian
Published: March 2023

Different from the Apollo flight mode, a safer trans-lunar flight mode for the crews is preferred. The previous-arrived lunar module rendezvouses with the crew exploration vehicle at a low lunar destination orbit, and then the crews ride the lunar module to descend the lunar surface sampling destination. The lunar module, which includes the descent and ascent stages, flies from a low Earth orbit to the low lunar destination orbit with two tangential impulses. The low lunar destination orbital reachable set of the practical trans-lunar orbit limits the feasible lunar surface sampling region. Therefore, this paper addresses the low lunar destination orbital reachable set of the practical trans-lunar orbit. A retrograde semi-analytic model is proposed for rapidly computing the practical two-impulse trans-lunar orbit firstly, which refers the ephemeris table twice for more precision perilune orbital elements. The reachable set is generated using the multiple-level traversal searching approach with this retrograde semi-analytic mode. Its envelope is re-checked by the continuation theory with the high-precision orbital model. Besides, some factors that affect the reachable set are also measured. The results show that neither the Earth–Moon distance nor the trans-lunar duration affects the reachable set. However, if the trans-lunar injection inclination is smaller than the inclination of the moon’s path, the reachable set becomes smaller or even reduces into an empty set. In brief, the proposed retrograde semi-analytic model for computing the reachable set provides a helpful and fast tool for selecting an applicable lunar surface sampling site for the manned lunar mission overall design.

Graphical Abstract
Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in cardiovascular research
Authors: Li Zhen-Hua , Wang Jun , Xu Jing-Ping , Wang Jian , Yang Xiao
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of genome editing technology has brought major breakthroughs in the fields of life science and medicine. In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing toolbox has been greatly expanded, not only with emerging CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) nucleases, but also novel applications through combination with diverse effectors. Recently, transposon-associated programmable RNA-guided genome editing systems have been uncovered, adding myriads of potential new tools to the genome editing toolbox. CRISPR-based genome editing technology has also revolutionized cardiovascular research. Here we first summarize the advances involving newly identified Cas orthologs, engineered variants and novel genome editing systems, and then discuss the applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems in precise genome editing, such as base editing and prime editing. We also highlight recent progress in cardiovascular research using CRISPR-based genome editing technologies, including the generation of genetically modified in vitro and animal models of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as the applications in treating different types of CVD. Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of genome editing technologies are discussed.
Type 1 vomeronasal receptor expression in juvenile and adult lungfish olfactory organ
Authors: Nakamuta Shoko , Yamamoto Yoshio , Miyazaki Masao , Sakuma Atsuhiro , Nikaido Masato , Nakamuta Nobuaki
Published: March 2023

Lungfish are the most closely related fish to tetrapods. The olfactory organ of lungfish contains lamellae and abundant recesses at the base of lamellae. Based on the ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics, the lamellar olfactory epithelium (OE), covering the surface of lamellae, and the recess epithelium, contained in the recesses, are thought to correspond to the OE of teleosts and the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of tetrapods. With increasing body size, the recesses increase in number and distribution range in the olfactory organ. In tetrapods, the expression of olfactory receptors is different between the OE and VNO; for instance, the type 1 vomeronasal receptor (V1R) is expressed only in the OE in amphibians and mainly in the VNO in mammals. We recently reported that V1R-expressing cells are contained mainly in the lamellar OE but also rarely in the recess epithelium in the olfactory organ of lungfish of approximately 30 cm body length. However, it is unclear whether the distribution of V1R-expressing cells in the olfactory organ varies during development. In this study, we compared the expression of V1Rs in the olfactory organs between juveniles and adults of the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus and South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa. The density of V1R-expressing cells was higher in the lamellae than in the recesses in all specimens evaluated, and this pattern was more pronounced in juveniles than adults. In addition, the juveniles showed a higher density of V1R-expressing cells in the lamellae compared with the adults. Our results imply that differences in lifestyle between juveniles and adults are related to differences in the density of V1R-expressing cells in the lamellae of lungfish.
Development and validation of an RBP gene signature for prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer based on WGCNA
Authors: Cao Lu , Duan Lili , Zhang Rui , Yang Wanli , Yang Ning , Huang Wenzhe , Chen Xuemin , Wang Nan , Niu Liaoran , Zhou Wei , Chen Junfeng , Li Yiding , Zhang Yujie , Liu Jinqiang , Fan Daiming , Liu Hong
Published: March 2023

Background

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in oncogenesis and progression in various cancers. However, the potential value of RBPs as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) requires further investigation.

Methods

Four thousand eighty two RBPs were collected from literature. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify prognosis-related RBP gene modules based on the data attained from the TCGA cohorts. LASSO algorithm was conducted to establish a prognostic risk model, and the validity of the proposed model was confirmed by an independent GEO dataset. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the potential biological functions and pathways of the signature and to estimate tumor immune infiltration. Potential therapeutic compounds were inferred utilizing CMap database. Expressions of hub genes were further verified through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and RT-qPCR.

Results

One thousand seven hundred thirty four RBPs were differently expressed in CRC samples and 4 gene modules remarkably linked to the prognosis were identified, based on which a 12-gene signature was established for prognosis prediction. Multivariate Cox analysis suggested this signature was an independent predicting factor of overall survival (P < 0.001; HR:3.682; CI:2.377–5.705) and ROC curves indicated it has an effective predictive performance (1-year AUC: 0.653; 3-year AUC:0.673; 5-year AUC: 0.777). GSEA indicated that high risk score was correlated with several cancer-related pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor cross talk, ECM receptor cross talk, HEDGEHOG signaling cascade and JAK/STAT signaling cascade. ssGSEA analysis exhibited a significant correlation between immune status and the risk signature. Noscapine and clofazimine were screened as potential drugs for CRC patients with high-risk scores. TDRD5 and GPC1 were identified as hub genes and their expression were validated in 15 pairs of surgically resected CRC tissues.

Conclusion

Our research provides a depth insight of RBPs’ role in CRC and the proposed signature are helpful to the personalized treatment and prognostic judgement.
Can prompts improve self-explaining an online video lecture? Yes, but do not disturb!
Authors: Hefter Markus H. , Kubik Veit , Berthold Kirsten
Published: March 2023

In recent years, COVID-19 policy measures massively affected university teaching. Seeking an effective and viable way to transform their lecture material into asynchronous online settings, many lecturers relied on prerecorded video lectures. Whereas researchers in fact recommend implementing prompts to ensure students process those video lectures sufficiently, open questions about the types of prompts and role of students’ engagement remain. We thus conducted an online field experiment with teacher students at a German university (N = 124; 73 female, 49 male). According to the randomly assigned experimental conditions, the online video lecture on topic Cognitive Apprenticeship was supplemented by (A) notes prompts (n = 31), (B) principle-based self-explanation prompts (n = 36), (C) elaboration-based self-explanation prompts (n = 29), and (D) both principle- and elaboration-based self-explanation prompts (n = 28). We found that the lecture fostered learning outcomes about its content regardless of the type of prompt. The type of prompt did induce different types of self-explanations, but had no significant effect on learning outcomes. What indeed positively and significantly affected learning outcomes were the students’ self-explanation quality and their persistence (i.e., actual participation in a delayed posttest). Finally, the self-reported number of perceived interruptions negatively affected learning outcomes. Our findings thus provide ecologically valid empirical support for how fruitful it is for students to engage themselves in self-explaining and to avoid interruptions when learning from asynchronous online video lectures.
What does One Health want? Feminist, posthuman, and anti-colonial possibilities
Authors: Van Patter Lauren E. , Linares-Roake Julia , Breen Andrea V.
Published: March 2023

What does One Health want? Despite its touted interdisciplinarity, to date there has been limited engagement with the social sciences and humanities – in particular with streams of critical social theory that enable a response to this question. In this paper we draw on the critical social sciences to consider how One Health is defined, conceptualized, and positioned, and discuss what we see as vital challenges within One Health that both limit its potential for meaningful change and contribute to a potential for ongoing harm – namely, medicalization, anthropocentrism, and colonial-capitalism. We then advance three areas in the critical social sciences that hold potential for addressing these challenges – feminist, posthuman, and anti-colonial approaches. By doing so we seek to encourage a deeper transdisciplinarity within One Health – one that is open to a genuine engagement with insights from critical social theory and a re-orientation towards more creative and radical re-imaginings in the service of wellbeing for diverse peoples, animals, other beings, and the land.
The Dunkl oscillator in the momentum representation and coherent states
Authors: Chung Won Sang , de Montigny Marc , Hassanabadi Hassan
Published: March 2023

We discuss quantum mechanical systems with Dunkl derivatives by constructing the Dunkl-Heisenberg relation in the momentum representation by means of the reflection operator for momentum and we obtain the corresponding position quantum eigenfunction. We examine the one-dimensional Dunkl oscillator in the momentum space in terms of ν-deformed Hermite polynomials. We obtain the energy levels as well as the ground-state and excited wave functions in terms of the ν-deformed Hermite polynomials. We also describe some properties of the ν-deformed Hermite polynomials. We apply the method to the construction of coherent states.
Focus on Liver Function Abnormalities in Patients With Turner Syndrome: Risk Factors and Evaluation of Fibrosis Risk
Authors: Bourcigaux Nathalie , Dubost Emma , Buzzi Jean-Claude , Donadille Bruno , Corpechot Christophe , Poujol-Robert Armelle , Christin-Maitre Sophie
Published: March 2023

Context

Liver function abnormalities (LFAs) have been described in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Although a high risk of cirrhosis has been reported, there is a need to assess the severity of liver damage in a large cohort of adult patients with TS.

Objective

Evaluate the types of LFAs and their respective prevalence, search for their risk factors, and evaluate the severity of liver impairment by using a noninvasive fibrosis marker.

Methods

This was a monocentric retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected during a day hospital visit. The main outcome measures were liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase), FIB-4 score, liver ultrasound imaging, elastography, and liver biopsies, when available.

Results

264 patients with TS were evaluated at a mean age of 31.15 ± 11.48 years. The overall prevalence of LFAs was 42.8%. The risk factors were age, body mass index, insulin resistance, and an X isochromosome (Xq). The mean FIB-4 sore of the entire cohort was 0.67 ± 0.41. Less than 10% of patients were at risk of developing fibrosis. Cirrhosis was observed in 2/19 liver biopsies. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of LFAs between premenopausal patients with natural cycles and those receiving hormone replacement therapy (P = .063). A multivariate analysis adjusted for age showed no statistically significant correlation between hormone replacement therapy and abnormal gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (P = .12).

Conclusion

Patients with TS have a high prevalence of LFA. However, 10% are at high risk of developing fibrosis. The FIB-4 score is useful and should be part of the routine screening strategy. Longitudinal studies and better interactions with hepatologists should improve our knowledge of liver disease in patients with TS.
Sacrifice Zones
Authors: Juskus Ryan
Published: March 2023

This article provides a genealogy and analysis of the concept of a sacrifice zone. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the article traces the origins and transformation of sacrifice zones from (1) a livestock and land management concept into (2) a critical energy concept during the 1970s, (3) an Indigenous political ecology concept in the 1980s, and, finally, (4) an environmental justice concept in the 1990s and beyond. The article identifies the concept’s core content and argues in favor of calling sites of concentrated environmental injustice sacrifice zones, over alternatives such as “fenceline communities” or “dumping grounds,” in part because the concept of sacrifice, derived from the Latin “to make sacred,” is polysemous, signifying both violent victimization and sacred life. This explains why some activists have employed the sacrifice zone concept to generate a positive vision for transforming sacrifice zones into sacred zones. This analysis of the concept’s development through time, social friction, and geographic mobility advances efforts to broaden environmental justice theory from a focus on distributive justice to critical and constructive engagement with culture and religion. The article pursues one implication of this study by suggesting an amendment to the concept of “slow violence”: environmental injustice is better theorized as “slow sacrifice”—a political ecology of life and death, the goal of which is to concentrate death in some places so that other places might experience full, sustainable life. Such a theory makes visible a wider set of existing cultural and religious responses to environmental injustices.
Astroenvironmentalism as SF
Authors: Marino Alessandra
Published: March 2023

The New Space Age is awash with discourses about space colonization and resource exploitation, and these happily coexist with the age-old and curiosity-driven question, “Are we alone in the universe?” Astrobiology addresses this question and, at the same time, codifies knowledge useful for protecting our planet and other celestial bodies from harmful contamination. This article critically examines astroenvironmentalism as discussed within astrobiology and attempts to rescue it from becoming a principle of border creation in otherworldly ecologies. To do so, it merges astrobiology with visions and images from feminist postcolonial and decolonial theory, STS, and science fiction, and reflects on the enduring colonial tropes that provide the building blocks of current knowledge on outer space. The same colonial cartographic imagination at play in the much-debated frontier narrative animates the concept of planetary parks. These have gained increased popularity as a mechanism of environmental protection in space, but it is important to note how they entertain a settler future in outer space and legitimize claims to territorial property and extraction. In a dialogue that is contrapuntal to the codification of this form of transplanetary environmentalism, this article traces how Lynn Margulis’s cosmic symbiosis, Donna Haraway’s sympoiesis, and Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Word for World Is Forest (1976) intersect with concerns of astrobiological knowledge. Crucially, they enable the blurring of three types of borders: between science and fiction; planetary inside and outside; life and matter. This border-crossing can be generative of a process of creating more-than-human relationalities beyond Earth-centric geographies.
Earth Becomes World?
Authors: Zwier Jochem , de Boer Bas
Published: March 2023

In coming to grips with the advent of the Anthropocene, contemporary philosophers have recently pushed beyond its many physical implications (e.g., global warming, reduced biodiversity) and social significance (e.g., climate justice, economics, migration) to interpret the Anthropocene metaphysically. According to such interpretations, the Anthropocene imposes nothing less than a wholly new understanding of the world. This raises the question regarding the character of such an imposition. To develop this question, this article discusses three metaphysical interpretations of the Anthropocene: Clive Hamilton’s, Timothy Morton’s, and Bruno Latour’s. Among many voices today, these authors are specifically relevant because they predominantly correlate the imposition of a new, nonmodern world with the scientific object “Earth” as it is developed in Earth system science. The purpose here is to elucidate the ways in which this correlation is made, and to inquire after the role of science—a modern activity par excellence—in the advent of the world of the Anthropocene. The critical question is how this role could be legitimated in the proclaimed absence of a modern framework ensuring science’s status as a beacon of certainty and truth.
“The Only Almost Germ-Free Continent Left”
Authors: Leane Elizabeth , Lavery Charne , Nash Meredith
Published: March 2023

This article examines the role of pandemics and viruses in cultural perceptions of Antarctica over the past century. In the popular imagination, Antarctica has often been framed as a place of purity, refuge, and isolation. In a series of fiction and screen texts from the nineteenth century to the present, viruses feature prominently. The texts fall into two categories: narratives in which Antarctica is the sole source of safety in a pandemic-ravaged world and those in which a virus (or another form of contagion) is discovered within the continent itself and needs to be contained. Viruses in these texts are not only literal but also metaphorical, taking the form of any kind of threatening infection, and as such are linked to texts in which Antarctic purity is discursively connected to racial and gendered exclusivity. Based on this comparison, the article argues that ideas of containment and contagion can have political connotations in an Antarctic context, to the extent that they are applied to particular groups of people in order to position them as “alien” to the Antarctic environment. The authors show that the recent media construction of Antarctica during COVID-19 needs to be understood against this disturbing aspect of the Antarctic imaginary, and also that narratives of Antarctic purity are imaginatively linked to both geopolitical exclusions and the melting of Antarctic ice.
Glutamine protects mouse spermatogonial stem cells against NOX1-derived ROS for sustaining self-renewal divisionin vitro
Authors: Miyazaki Takehiro , Kanatsu-Shinohara Mito , Ogonuki Narumi , Matoba Shogo , Ogura Atsuo , Yabe-Nishimura Chihiro , Zhang Hongliang , Pommier Yves , Trumpp Andreas , Shinohara Takashi
Published: March 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria; they are generally harmful for stem cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are unique among tissue-stem cells because they undergo ROS-dependent self-renewal via NOX1 activation. However, the mechanism by which SSCs are protected from ROS remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role for Gln in ROS protection using cultured SSCs derived from immature testes. Measurements of amino acids required for SSC cultures revealed the indispensable role of Gln in SSC survival. Gln induced Myc expression to drive SSC self-renewal in vitro, whereas Gln deprivation triggered Trp53-dependent apoptosis and impaired SSC activity. However, apoptosis was attenuated in cultured SSCs that lacked NOX1. In contrast, cultured SSCs lacking Top1mt mitochondria-specific topoisomerase exhibited poor mitochondrial ROS production and underwent apoptosis. Gln deprivation reduced glutathione production; supra-molar Asn supplementation allowed offspring production from SSCs cultured without Gln. Therefore, Gln ensures ROS-dependent SSC-self-renewal by providing protection against NOX1 and inducing Myc.
Physiological responses to hypoxia are constrained by environmental temperature in heterothermic tenrecs
Authors: Devereaux Maiah E. M. , Silva Rubio Claudia , van Breukelen Frank , Pamenter Matthew E.
Published: March 2023

Malagasy tenrecs are placental hibernating mammals that seal the entrances to their burrows and hibernate either singly or in groups for 8–9 months, which is likely to create a hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that tenrecs are tolerant to environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia. Many hypoxia- and hypercapnia-tolerant fossorial mammals respond to hypoxia by decreasing metabolic rate and thermogenesis, and have blunted ventilatory responses to both environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia. However, tenrecs exhibit extreme metabolic and thermoregulatory plasticity, which exceeds that of most heterothermic mammals and approaches that of ectothermic reptiles. Thus, we predicted that tenrecs would have abnormal physiological responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia relative to other fossorial mammals. To test this, we exposed common tenrecs (Tenrec ecaudatus) to moderate and severe hypoxia (9 and 4% O2) or hypercapnia (5 and 10% CO2) in either 28 or 16°C while non-invasively measuring metabolic rate, thermogenesis and ventilation. We found that tenrecs exhibit robust metabolic decreases in both hypoxia and hypercapnia. Furthermore, tenrecs have blunted ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, and these responses are highly temperature sensitive such that they are reduced or absent in 16°C. Thermoregulation was highly variable in 16°C but constrained in 28°C across all treatment conditions and was not impacted by hypoxia or hypercapnia, unlike in other heterothermic mammals. Taken together, our results indicate that physiological responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in tenrecs are highly dependent on environmental temperature and differ from those of other mammalian heterotherms.
Contact Area Dependence of the Dissolution of Ferrous Ions from Pure Iron Wires into Freeze-Concentrated Solutions Revealed by a Combination of Microscopy and Image Processing
Authors: Maeda Minami , Inagawa Arinori , Uehara Nobuo
Published: March 2023

Despite extensive studies on the mechanical deterioration of steel materials under polar/cryogenic conditions, the chemical corrosion therein has been generally overlooked. This is because conventional analytical and electrochemical tools have limited accessibility to microscopic transitions in frozen media for in situ measurements. In this study, we employed image-processing-based microscopy to investigate the effect of the contact area of freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs) with iron wires. We observed three dissolution behaviors of ferrous ions depending on the contact area of the FCS with the iron surface, indicating that the diffusion process in an FCS is critical to the corrosion process. A general understanding of corrosion processes under cryogenic conditions may accelerate the elucidation of the mechanisms by which unique chemical reactions occur in systems wherein the diffusion of competitive molecules is limited.
Neural mechanisms for spatial cognition across vertebrates
Authors: Vinepinsky Ehud , Segev Ronen
Published: March 2023

The ability to navigate the world is a critical cognitive skill that most animals use to find food, shelter, and mates. Understanding the neural basis of navigation requires probing how the brain encodes spatial information through the study of the activity of single neurons and neuronal populations. Classically in vertebrates, studies have centered on the rodent hippocampal formation, which led to the discovery of place, grid, head direction and other cell types. However, since navigation skills are essential to almost all vertebrates, spatial cognition in different species also needs to be explored. In recent years, as a result of advances in technology, new data have emerged on the ways in which space is represented during navigation in the brains of vertebrates other than rodents, including teleost fish, birds, and other mammal species. Here, we review the state of the art on the neural representation of an animal’s position and motion across vertebrates at the level of single neurons. We argue that it is time to pool information across vertebrates to identify the underlying algorithms that lead to successful navigation. Although rodent-based data are important, findings in rodents are unlikely to cover the full spectrum of neural computations supporting navigation strategies in the vertebrate kingdom. Studying other species can shed light on length scales such as in large environments, and different scenarios such as naturalistic environments that are hard to carry out in rodents. In addition, a rodent-centric view may neglect the fact that different species are likely to represent positions in the world in ways that do not exist in mammals. Finally, we provide an outlook for the future which includes prediction about findings in unexplored species, and the opportunities for discoveries and understanding in this field.
The genome sequence of the thick-headed fly, Myopa tessellatipennis (Motschulsky, 1859)
Authors: Ashworth Michael , Falk Steven ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Clements David K. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Myopa tessellatipennis (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Conopidae). The genome sequence is 249.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into four chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.3 kilobases in length.
Design and Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Utilizing Mushroom Like-EBG for 5G Communications
Authors:   Department of physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Alsudani Ahlam , Marhoon Hamzah M.
Published: March 2023

Besides the considerable rise in wireless network usage and network-connected apps, this causes congestion, leading to a drop in data transmission speed. As a result of their high bandwidth availability and high data transfer speed, network operators recommended switching to higher frequencies. In communications via distance, the antenna plays a significant role in the transmission of the electrical radiated signal or the receiving of the electromagnetic signal. Many antennas can be utilized, one of which is the Microstrip Patch (MP) antenna. These antennas are very prevalent for their ease of configuration and design. On the other hand, it suffers from a lack of gain. In this research article, an MP antenna and MP antenna array are introduced and designed based on computer simulation technology antenna modelling software for 5G based-28 GHz applications. In order to optimise and enhance the simulated MP antenna parameters, the mushroom-like Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is embedded with the MP antenna and MP antenna array to eliminate the presence of the surface waves that affecting negatively on the antenna gain. According to the simulation results, the gain is enhanced after utilising the mushroom-like EBG to be 6.48 dBi and significantly after applying the array configuration to be 11.9 dBi.
Heraldyczny program na relikwiarzowym gotyckim krzyżu sandomierskim. Studium źródłoznawcze
Authors: Stróżyk Paweł
Published: March 2023

Artykuł opisuje i analizuje zespół sześciu herbów wygrawerowanych na stopie gotyckiego krzyża relikwiarzowego z XIV-XV wieku (obiekt nie jest jednorodny), znajdującego się w muzeum w Sandomierzu. Krzyż właściwy z emaliowanymi plakietami został wykonany w XIV wieku, a w wieku XV dodano mu puszkę relikwiarzową i podstawę, na której umieszczono herby. Analiza programu heraldycznego wskazuje, że zespół herbów należy datować na 1440 rok i łączyć z osobą króla Władysława III (Warneńczyka). Tym samym, przyjęte dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu datowanie puszki relikwiarzowej i podstawy krzyża na drugą połowę XV wieku należy skorygować na lata 1439-1440, a dorobione wówczas elementy krzyża uznać – wbrew starszym poglądom – za królewską fundację Władysław III.
Socjologiczne refleksje wokół tożsamości i identyfikacji społecznych. Status
kategorii jednostki w wieloznacznej nowoczesności
Authors: Karnat Anna
Published: March 2023

The paper addresses the issue of individual identity in the context of the hybrid
reality that characterizes highly developed societies. Although the importance of
identity technology in social practices is emphasized, the theoretical status of this
category in social sciences and sociology is not well established. It should be noted
that the ambiguous nature of postmodernity does not allow to precisely define the
phenomenon of individual identity, and at the same time to some extent forces
individuals to self-definition and self-determination. Identity is a tool for dealing
with the world in which not necessarily consistent identifications make up the answer to
the question “who am I?” The text presents some schemes for constructing individual
identity, emphasizes the dilemmas concerning the definition, the identity models created
so far, and the consequences resulting from these different approaches for the practices
of individuals and their construction of their Self.
Hejt w sieci jako wyzwanie dla współczesnej tolerancji
Authors: Arciszewska Hanna
Published: March 2023

The modern world contains two different realities: the real and the virtual,
described in the literature as hybrid reality. At present, it can be perceived that the
hybrid reality dominates the environment and lifestyle of young people, who are
representatives of the generation of digital natives, and thus cannot imagine
functioning without modern technologies and multimedia applications. This means that the
virtual world is for them a place to acquire knowledge, establish interpersonal
relations and find entertainment. In addition to the positive aspects of immersion in
the virtual world, young people often encounter negative aspects of being participants
in the virtual reality. In particular, inappropriate behaviours of Internet users, such
as criticism, anger, blurring of boundaries and the emergence of hate speech. The
phenomenon of hate speech poses new challenges to the educators, e.g., counteracting
hatred and intolerance in the virtual reality.
Socio-Psychological Factors of Hybridization of Personality in the Globalized
World
Authors: Stavytskyi Gennadii
Published: March 2023

The paper presents an analysis of theoretical approaches presented in domestic and
foreign literature on the factors of hybridization of an individual in the modern,
globalized world. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that
contemporary research emphasize the social and psychological factors of personality
hybridization: social – the development of information and communication, computer,
electronic, digital, multimedia technologies and the dynamic distribution of the global
Internet network; cyberculture and expansion of socio-cultural communications;
psychological – cybersocialization of an individual entering into the virtual space and
time, and the formation of virtual values; formation of the mosaic structure of
knowledge and consciousness; qualitative changes in the structure of self-awareness and
the motivational-need sphere of personality.
Arcflow Formulations and Constraint Generation Frameworks for the Two Bar Charts Packing Problem
Authors: Barkel Mathijs , Delorme Maxence
Published: March 2023

We consider the two bar charts packing problem (2-BCPP), a recent combinatorial optimization problem whose aim is to pack a set of one-dimensional items into the minimum number of bins. As opposed to the well-known bin packing problem, pairs of items are grouped to form bar charts, and a solution is only feasible if the first and second items of every bar chart are packed in consecutive bins. After providing a complete picture of the connections between the 2-BCPP and other relevant packing problems, we show how we can use these connections to derive valid lower and upper bounds for the problem. We then introduce two new integer linear programming (ILP) models to solve the 2-BCPP based on a nontrivial extension of the arcflow formulation. Even though both models involve an exponential number of constraints, we show that they can be solved within a constraint generation framework. We then empirically evaluate the performance of our bounds and exact approaches against an ILP model from the literature and demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques on both benchmarks inspired by the literature and new classes of instances that are specifically designed to be hard to solve. The outcomes of our experiments are important for the packing community because they indicate that arcflow formulations can be used to solve targeted packing problems with precedence constraints and also that some of these formulations can be solved with constraint generation.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1256 .
Recurrent sepsis in a patient with biliary hamartomas
Authors: Santos Maria Beatriz , Ponta Garça Magda , Vieira Bárbara , Ávila Paulo , Freitas Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Biliary hamartomas or von Meyenburg complexes (VMCs) are hepatic tumour-like lesions related to congenital malformation of the ductal plate, and are part of the ciliopathy spectrum of disorders. The exact pathogenesis of VMCs is unclear and it remains controversial whether they have the potential for malignant transformation. Patients are often asymptomatic and VMCs are usually encountered as an incidental finding on imaging. We report a case of recurrent sepsis with an unidentified focus. It was later confirmed that biliary hamartomas were acting as a sanctuary for the persistent pathogenic agent. The authors hope to draw attention to the existence of this unusual focus of recurrent sepsis.
Falls 5. Environmental risk factors
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: March 2023

Falls occur because of factors relating to the individual, the environment and the care and support available. As people age, the risk of falls increases. That risk is further increased when a person is unwell and when the person moves to a new environment. The environment where the older person is cared for can reduce or increase the risk of falls and injury. This article, the fifth in a series, explains how staff can minimise the risk of falls in hospitals, care homes and also the person's own home.

This article aims to enable readers to understand the environmental risks in different care settings and how age-related changes can affect risk. It also aims to ensure that readers are aware of how environmental modifications can reduce risk.
Spirituality and the healthcare assistant
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: March 2023

This series of articles will explore the intersections of spirituality with the delivery of contemporary health care within a number of healthcare and nursing environments. This fourth article will set out and explore spirituality and spiritual care within a number of settings and service user groups, specifically those who have a learning disability, those who experience mental health issues, and children.
Learning about asthma through play: A nurse's guide
Authors: Henry Heather
Published: March 2023

Heather Henry explains how asthma technique can be made more accessible to children
Osmanlı Resim Sanatında Saz Üslubu
Authors: MERCAN Esra
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın konusu Banu Mahir’in Osmanlı Resim Sanatında Saz Üslubu adlı eseridir. Kitap, İslam Sanatında Kalem-i Siyahi Resim ve Ressamlığı, Saz Üslubunun Tanımı, Resimlerinin Ana Motifleri ve Sanatçıları, Saz Üslubunda Resimlerin İkonografyası ve Osmanlı Bezeme Sanatında Saz Üslubu olmak üzere dört bölümden oluşmaktadır.
USO DA HISTÓRIA E FILOSOFIA DA CIÊNCIA NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA, ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E PRÁTICOS
Authors: Kely Lima da Silva Monique , Souza Ribeiro Miltão Milton
Published: March 2023

A inserção da história e filosofia da ciência (HFC) no ensino de Ciências de maneira geral, e em particular no ensino de Física, tem gerado nas últimas décadas, diversas discussões entre os pesquisadores da área. Este artigo pretende discutir a maneira como a literatura vem abordando a utilização da HFC no ensino de Física, bem como investigar as estratégias metodológicas que têm sido utilizadas nesse sentido. São apresentadas uma análise de como os docentes abordam alguns conteúdos de física na sala de aula fazendo o uso da HFC. Para tanto, foi feita uma investigaçãopreliminar através de fontes primárias e secundárias em alguns periódicos importantes. Os trabalhos selecionadosforam analisados de forma qualitativa, levando em consideração as estratégias metodológicas utilizadas, os conteúdosde física abordados, dentre outros aspectos.
Sereia ou mulher
Authors: Costa Trinchão Glaucia Maria
Published: March 2023

A mulher, independente de humana ou sereia, é resiliente por natureza e o universo a protege e lhe dá forças para combater seus monstrinhos interiores. Não importa de que universo ela venha. Ela será sempre uma mulher guerreira em busca de liberdade
Expediente
Authors: Leyva Cruz Juan Alberto
Published: March 2023

Expediente
Multiple vaginal stones secondary to an ectopic ureter in an adult female patient: a case report
Authors: Lazuardi Muhammad Adi Satrio , Kurniawan Andrie Rhomdhon , Nurhadi Pradana , Daryanto Besut
Published: March 2023

Vaginal stone is a rare case with low incidence. Ectopic ureter insertion into the vagina is one of the congenital abnormalities that may lead to vaginal stone formation. True incontinence persisting until adulthood might indicate an ectopic ureter, often associated with a complete duplex renal system. We reported an adult female that came with a chief complaint of true incontinence since she was young. However, it was left untreated due to limited healthcare facilities in her area and low socioeconomic status. The computed tomography examination revealed a right complete duplex renal system, with upper moiety inserted into the vagina, and multiple vaginal stones. Thus, stone removal and ureteroneocystostomy procedure were performed. No further complaints or complications were recorded after the hospital discharge.
An evaluation of self-reported material well-being using latent Markov models with covariates
Authors: Genge Ewa
Published: March 2023

A household’s financial satisfaction is one of the most significant factors driving subjective well-being. However, Poland ranks close to the lowest position, 22nd out of the 28 EU members, in self-reported financial status. The paper investigates the problem of determining patterns of Polish households’ behaviour and shows the evolution of the subjective assessment of financial situation based on the eight waves of the Polish Household panel data. The analysis is carried out on the basis of latent Markov (LM) models, which allow for socio-economic features affecting the parameters of the latent process. We compare different types of LM models considering: (1) different numbers of latent structures; (2) different types of the latent process constraints; (3) socio-economic background characteristics; and (4) survey weights (being excluded in most of the empirical analyses). The final model identifies three latent states, specifies common initial and transition probabilities over a 15-year period and, as a result, enables us to better characterise the families likely to change their position, especially families reporting worsening in their financial situation. To show the main direction of self-reporting financial condition, we present the predicted path for respondents characterised by the selected socio-economic features, relying on algorithm maximising posterior probabilities of the selected LM model.
Single-pixel imaging with high spectral and spatial resolution
Authors: Song Mingyue , Yang Zhaohua , Li Ping , Zhao Zidong , Liu Ying , Yu Yuanjin , Wu Ling-an
Published: March 2023

It has long been a challenge to obtain high spectral and spatial resolution simultaneously for the field of measurement and detection. Here we present a measurement system based on single-pixel imaging with compressive sensing that can realize excellent spectral and spatial resolution at the same time, as well as data compression. Our method can achieve high spectral and spatial resolution, which is different from the mutually restrictive relationship between the two in traditional imaging. In our experiments, 301 spectral channels are obtained in the band of 420–780 nm with a spectral resolution of 1.2 nm and a spatial resolution of 1.11 mrad. A sampling rate of 12.5% for a 64×64pixel image is obtained by using compressive sensing, which also reduces the measurement time; thus, high spectral and spatial resolution are realized simultaneously, even at a low sampling rate.