bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and Suicide Message as Seen in Chester Bennington of Linkin Park’s Selected Lyrics From 2000 (Hybrid Theory) Until 2017 (one more light)
Authors: Waskita Febrina Fitri , Raflis Raflis
Published: August 2019

Linkin Park consists of six people, namely Chester Bennington as the vocalist, Mike Kenji Shinoda as a rapper (founder of Linkin Park), Brad Philip Delson as a guitarist, David Micheal "Phoenix" Farrel as a bass, Joseph Hanh as a disc jockey (DJ) and Rob Gregory Bourdon as a drummer. The writer only focus on Chester Bennington’s life, how his struggle in roller coaster life and accept himself cannot separate with his suffered on his past. Chester Bennington always interpreted him become part of his songs in Linkin Park’s lyrics.
This thesis is entitled "Depression and suicide message as seen in Chester Bennington of Linkin Park’s Selected Lyrics from 2000 (Hybrid Theory) Until 2017 (One More Light)" seen from the perspective of psychological analysis, pragmatics analysis, lyrics of songs analysis. This research is limited on basic ideas that relate to the observation into three questions as follow: (1) what makes Chester Bennington left his message in lyrics of Linkin Park’s songs, 2) what the causes Chester Bennington depression and decides to commit to suicide, and (3) What song proves Chester Bennington was depressed and decided to commit suicide. The objectives of this research were (1) To explain the reason Chester Bennington of Linkin Park had written down his stories into lyrics of Linkin Park’s songs (2) To explain the causes that Chester Bennington depression and decides to commit suicide, and (3) to explain that the songs of Chester Bennington was depressed and decided to commit suicide.
The theory used is from a some sourceres by Sigmund Freud about Chester Bennington’s mental health. For searching his message is using by George Yule’s theory. For the method of data analysis, the author uses qualitative research. For searching seven lyrics of songs analysis using Dallin’s theory. This research is qualitative research using the content analysis method. The findings of this research is a song lyric, lyrics give the audience deep understanding about the message contained in the song.
Psychological Conflict Between Men and Women in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles
Authors: Guswanto Doni , Husna Lailatul
Published: August 2019

The problem in this paper is psychological conflict between men and women. In the Trifles drama by Susan Glaspell, women seem to have no freedom in terms of expressing opinions, ideas and ideas only because of male domination. Plus women feel inferior just because the man is superior. This is manifested in the act of having to obey what men say to women both in the family environment and in the community.
  In this writing, the writer uses descriptive research as the method of collecting the data. As for the data analysis method, after determining the theory obtained from the related book, the formulation of the problem is analyzed using the theory of psychology. By using the theory of Sigmund Freud, the characters in the drama are then further analyzed to understand the shape, causes and consequences of a conflict. Authors carry out structural methods with understanding drama, male and female characters. Data collection techniques use qualitative techniques by taking notes in collecting primary data. In data analysis techniques, the author uses techniques by interpreting data.
The results of the research in this survey are: 1) Forms of conflict obtained from female leaders whose actions are limited by men. 2) The causes of conflict comes from movements of female figures who do not want to be underestimated by male figures. 3) As a result of the conflict, Mrs. Wright killed her husband because he could not stand the treatment of her husband anymore. In closing, this drama tells the story of conflict between men and women. The mutual respect is very important between men and women.
General Retaliation Against The Roman Empire as Seen in William Shakespeare’s Coriolanus
Authors: Hendria Ricky , Franchisca Sherly
Published: August 2019

This reseacrh is titled "General Retaliation Against The Roman Empire As Seen In William Shakespeare's Coriolanus. In this research the author will discuss several issues, namely (1) How is Coriolanus's struggle in defending Rome's empire from enemy attacks? (2) What did Coriolanus do to avenge himself at the Roman empire? (3) What is the story of Coriolanus at the end of the story? the objectives of this research are (1) To analyze Coriolanus' life at the beginning of the story (2) To explain the cause of coriolanus to avenge his Roman empire (3) To study and explain how much Coriolanus's grudge to Rome to the tragic story he experienced.
The theory used in this research is literary psychology theory according to Sigmund Freud. This research uses a qualitative method. The object of research is the drama Coriolanus by William Shakespeare. Data sources are divided into two, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the drama script itself. Secondary data sources are text texts and several references related to research. The data collection technique is taking notes. The technical analysis of the data is descriptive analysis.
 The results of the study show the following conclusions. First, the responsibility of a general in maintaining the sovereignty of his kingdom. Second, feelings of resentment arise when a struggle is not properly appreciated. Third, someone's revenge towards others can have fatal consequences and can even end in a tragic death.
Semiology Analysis on Sikerei Tattoo in Taileleu Village, Southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island
Authors: Sagugurat Rosli Penji , Aditiawarman Mac
Published: August 2019

This research is entitled "Semiology Analysis on Sikerei Tattoo in Taileleu village, southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island" seen from the perspective of structuralism. This research is limited to a number of basic ideas relating to observations into the following three questions: (1) how the forms of Sikerei tattoo, (2) what the meaning of Sikerei tattoos, and (3) what the function of Sikerei tattoo. The objectives of this research were (1) to explain the forms of Sikerei tattoo, (2) to analyze the meaning of Sikerei tattoo, and (3) to describe the function of Sikerei tattoo. The theory used is from Pierce's about semiotics which is used to answer the purpose of this research. For the method of data analysis, the authors use qualitative research by emphasizing meaning and inner understanding (verstehen), reasoning, definitions of certain situations (in some contexts), more to examine things related to everyday life such as the culture of an area and also semiotic theory. Data collection techniques use literature study techniques in finding data that is relevant to the subject of analysis. This research is qualitative research using the form of field notes, interviews, official personal documents, and photographs or images. The object of this research is Sikerei who is tattooed and the data is tattoos. Finding in this analysis will be focused on the Sikerei tattoo in Taileleu village, southwest Siberut, Mentawai Island. First, the forms of Sikerei tattoo. Second, the meaning of Sikerei tattoo. Third, the function of Sikerei tattoo. Conclusion in this analysis is Sibalubalu as a symbol of health, said health because Sibalubalu is only used by Sikerei where Sikerei is a remedy for sick people in the Mentawai Islands especially in Taileleu village. And suggestion in this thesis is the early achievement that still needs to be developed and continued with more careful study, especially in terms of the research in the field of Sikerei tattoo.
Topofobia: a representação dos espaços opressivos em “Amada” de Toni Morrison
Authors: Vieira Wellington Neves , Seidel Roberto Henrique
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as representações dos espaços opressivos na obra Amada de Toni Morrison, a partir de uma percepção sobre o espaço, demonstrando a relação dos espaços ocupados pelos personagens negros, na transmissão de sentimentos de topofobia.  A metodologia empregada é de caráter teórico, qualitativo-descritivo. Na intenção de esquematizar a pesquisa literária por meio de análises explicativas, descritivas e exploratórias, adentra-se o campo da Geografia Humanista como base de sustentação do estudo. Discute-se a Geografia Humanista do ponto de vista espacial. Por fim, averígua-se a relação dos personagens com os espaços opressivos. Constatou-se ao final da pesquisa que as análises dos espaços que foram feitas no romance “Amada” transmitem a revitalização de um passado à procura de dar voz a uma nova realidade histórica, o que poderá ser compreendido como a constituição de um espaço para uma “alteridade” que desafia e resiste ao discurso dominante.
Nacionalismo e hibridismos identitários no romance histórico Mulheres de Cinzas, de Mia Couto
Authors: Moura Adriano Carlos
Published: August 2019

Mulheres de Cinzas, primeiro livro da trilogia histórica Areias do Imperador de Mia Couto, é um romance narrado sob a perspectiva de uma jovem moçambicana e de um soldado português alternadamente. Trata-se de um romance histórico sobre o período em que o Sul de Moçambique era governado por Ngungunyane, último imperador do Estado de Gaza que, no final do século XIX, ameaçava o domínio colonial. Este artigo é resultado de um estudo da obra, com a finalidade de investigar o papel da língua como construção da identidade individual e coletiva numa sociedade em conflito entre colonizados e colonizadores, e a hibridez entre ambos como marca da experiência colonial.  Parte-se, inicialmente, dos estudos históricos de Erick Hobsbawm sobre nação, língua e nacionalismo, a partir de 1780, para compreender como a maioria dos países ocidentais construiu esses conceitos. Em seguida, o romance é analisado como narrativa performativa sobre a nação, considerando seu contexto de produção (Moçambique pós-colonial), entendendo o termo “performativo” na acepção concebida por Homi Bhabha e suas reflexões sobre identidade. Nesse contexto, a língua é percebida não como um elemento de comunicação apenas, mas também de conflito no espaço lusófono.
PENERAPAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) UNTUK PENENTUAN KOLEKTOR TERBAIK PADA PT. ANUGRAH ARGON MEDICA BOGOR
Authors: Mulyadi Dedy , Marpaung Desy Riris
Published: August 2019

Perusahaan PT. Anugrah Argon Medica merupakan perusahaan berkembang yang bergerak dalam bidang distributor farmasi dan alat kesehatan. Perusahaan ini berdiri sejak 1980. PT. Anugrah Argon Medica memiliki orang-orang yang berkerja di dalamnya yang sering disebut karyawan, dan karyawan yang dibahas di sini adalah di bagian penagihan atau yang disebut kolektor. Sejauh ini peranan seorang kolektor di PT. Anugrah Argon Medica sudah bisa dikatakan cukup untuk bisa menopang collection atau hasil pengumpulan uang yang telah ditagih ke relasi. Namun kurangnya apresiasi yang diberikan oleh perusahaan secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja mereka. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan adanya sebuah penghargaan yang ditujukan kepada kolektor terbaik, tentunya mereka yang telah memberikan kontribusinya terhadap hasil collection atau penagihan yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil perhitungan AHP yang telah dilakukan maka rekomendasi pemilihan kolektor terbaik adalah Aldi yang memiliki nilai paling tinggi yaitu dengan nilai 2,01 lalu D (Yusuf) dengan nilai 1,90 selanjutnya C (Rachmadi) dengan nilai 1,30 dan B (Jaenudin) dengan nilai 1,02 dan nilai terendah yaitu E (Wawan) dengan nilai 0,92. Dengan menggunakan metode AHP, maka dapat dibuktikan bahwa metode ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai alat penunjang keputusan dalam menentukan pemilihan kolektor terbaik pada PT. Anugrah Argon Medica.
Compact Disks in a High-resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Long 龙 Feng 凤 , Herczeg 沈 Gregory J. 雷歌 , Harsono Daniel , Pinilla Paola , Tazzari Marco , Manara Carlo F. , Pascucci Ilaria , Cabrit Sylvie , Nisini Brunella , Johnstone Doug , Edwards Suzan , Salyk Colette , Menard Francois , Lodato Giuseppe , Boehler Yann , Mace Gregory N. , Liu Yao , Mulders Gijs D. , Hendler Nathanial , Ragusa Enrico , Fischer William J. , Banzatti Andrea , Rigliaco Elisabetta , van de Plas Gerrit , Dipierro Giovanni , Gully-Santiago Michael , Lopez-Valdivia Ricardo
Published: August 2019

We present a high-resolution (∼0.″12, ∼16 au, mean sensitivity of 50 μJy beam−1 at 225 GHz) snapshot survey of 32 protoplanetary disks around young stars with spectral type earlier than M3 in the Taurus star-forming region using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. This sample includes most mid-infrared excess members that were not previously imaged at high spatial resolution, excluding close binaries and objects with high extinction, thereby providing a more representative look at disk properties at 1–2 Myr. Our 1.3 mm continuum maps reveal 12 disks with prominent dust gaps and rings, 2 of which are around primary stars in wide binaries, and 20 disks with no resolved features at the observed resolution (hereafter smooth disks), 8 of which are around the primary star in wide binaries. The smooth disks were classified based on their lack of resolved substructures, but their most prominent property is that they are all compact with small effective emission radii (R
eff,95% ≲ 50 au). In contrast, all disks with R
eff,95% of at least 55 au in our sample show detectable substructures. Nevertheless, their inner emission cores (inside the resolved gaps) have similar peak brightness, power-law profiles, and transition radii to the compact smooth disks, so the primary difference between these two categories is the lack of outer substructures in the latter. These compact disks may lose their outer disk through fast radial drift without dust trapping, or they might be born with small sizes. The compact dust disks, as well as the inner disk cores of extended ring disks, that look smooth at the current resolution will likely show small-scale or low-contrast substructures at higher resolution. The correlation between disk size and disk luminosity correlation demonstrates that some of the compact disks are optically thick at millimeter wavelengths.
The Radial Acceleration Relation Is a Natural Consequence of the Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation
Authors: Wheeler Coral , Hopkins Philip F. , Doré Olivier
Published: August 2019

Galaxies covering several orders of magnitude in stellar mass and a variety of Hubble types have been shown to follow the radial acceleration relation (RAR), a relationship between

, the observed circular acceleration of the galaxy, and

, the acceleration due to the total baryonic mass of the galaxy. For accelerations above

,

traces

, asymptoting to the 1:1 line. Below this scale, there is a break in the relation such that

. We show that the RAR slope, scatter, and the acceleration scale are all natural consequences of the well-known baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR). We further demonstrate that galaxies with a variety of baryonic and dark matter (DM) profiles and a wide range of dark halo and galaxy properties (well beyond those expected in Cold Dark Matter (CDM) theory) lie on the RAR if we simply require that their rotation curves satisfy the BTFR. We explore conditions needed to break this degeneracy: subkiloparsec resolved rotation curves inside of cored DM-dominated profiles and/or outside

could lie on BTFR but deviate in the RAR, providing new constraints on DM.
The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey: Core Emergence and Kinematics in the Orion A Cloud
Authors: Kong Shuo , Arce Héctor G. , Sargent Anneila I. , Mairs Steve , Klessen Ralf S. , Bally John , Padoan Paolo , Smith Rowan J. , Maureira María José , Carpenter John M. , Ginsburg Adam , Stutz Amelia M. , Goldsmith Paul , Meingast Stefan , McGehee Peregrine , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Suri Sümeyye , Pineda Jaime E. , Alves João , Feddersen Jesse R. , Kauffmann Jens , Schilke Peter
Published: August 2019

We have investigated the formation and kinematics of submillimeter (submm) continuum cores in the Orion A molecular cloud. A comparison between submm continuum and near-infrared extinction shows a continuum core detection threshold of A

V
 ∼ 5–10 mag. The threshold is similar to the star formation extinction threshold of A

V
 ∼ 7 mag proposed by recent work, suggesting a universal star formation extinction threshold among clouds within 500 pc to the Sun. A comparison between the Orion A cloud and a massive infrared dark cloud G28.37+0.07 indicates that Orion A produces more dense gas within the extinction range 15 mag ≲ A

V
 ≲ 60 mag. Using data from the CARMA-NRO Orion Survey, we find that dense cores in the integral-shaped filament (ISF) show subsonic core-to-envelope velocity dispersion that is significantly less than the local envelope line dispersion, similar to what has been found in nearby clouds. Dynamical analysis indicates that the cores are bound to the ISF. An oscillatory core-to-envelope motion is detected along the ISF. Its origin is to be further explored.
UVIT Open Cluster Study. I. Detection of a White Dwarf Companion to a Blue Straggler in M67: Evidence of Formation through Mass Transfer
Authors: Sindhu N. , Subramaniam Annapurni , Jadhav Vikrant V. , Chatterjee Sourav , Geller Aaron M. , Knigge Christian , Leigh Nathan , Puzia Thomas H. , Shara Michael , Simunovic Mirko
Published: August 2019

The old open cluster M67, populated with blue straggler stars (BSSs), is a well-known test bed to study the BSS formation pathways. Here, we report the first direct detection of a white dwarf (WD) companion to a BSS in M67, using far-UV images from the Ultra-Violet Imaging telescope on ASTROSAT. Near-simultaneous observations in three far-UV bands combined with Galaxy Evolution Explorer, International Ultraviolet Explorer, and ground- and space-based photometric data covering a 0.14–11.5 μm range for WOCS1007 were found to require a binary fit to its spectral energy distribution (SED), consisting of a BSS and a hot companion. On the other hand, a single spectral fit was found to be satisfactory for the SEDs of two other BSSs, WOCS1006 and WOCS2011, with the latter showing a deficient far-UV flux. The hot companion of WOCS1007 is found to have a

∼ 13,250–13,750 K and a radius of 0.09 ± 0.01

. A comparison with WD models suggests it to be a low-mass WD (∼

), in agreement with the kinematic mass from the literature. As a low-mass WD (<

) necessitates formation through mass transfer in close binaries, WOCS1007 with a known period of 4.2 days along with its fast rotation, is likely to be formed by a case A or case B binary evolution.
Active Galactic Nucleus Pairs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. Chandra X-Ray Observations Unveil Obscured Double Nuclei
Authors: Hou Meicun , Liu Xin , Guo Hengxiao , Li Zhiyuan , Shen Yue , Green Paul J.
Published: August 2019

We present Chandra ACIS-S X-ray imaging spectroscopy for five dual active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates. Our targets were drawn from a sample of 1286 [O III]-selected AGN pairs systematically selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release. Each of the targets contains two nuclei separated by ∼3–9 kpc in projection, both of which are optically classified as Type 2 (obscured) AGNs based on diagnostic ratios of the narrow emission lines. Combined with independent, empirical star formation rate estimates based on the host-galaxy stellar continua, the new Chandra X-ray observations allow us to evaluate the dual-AGN hypothesis for each merging system. We confirm two (SDSS J0907+5203 and SDSS J1544+0446) of the five targets as bona fide dual AGNs. For the other three targets, the existing data are consistent with the dual-AGN scenario, but we cannot rule out the possibility of stellar/shock heating and/or one AGN ionizing both gaseous components in the merger. The average X-ray-to-[O III] luminosity ratio in our targets seems to be systematically smaller than that observed in single AGNs but is higher than that seen in dual AGNs selected from AGNs with double-peaked narrow emission lines. We suggest that the systematically smaller X-ray-to-[O III] luminosity ratio observed in dual AGNs than in single AGNs is due to a high nuclear gas column likely from strong merger-induced inflows. Unlike double-peaked-[O III]-selected dual AGNs, the new sample selected from resolved galaxy pairs are not subject to the orientation bias caused by the double-peak line-of-sight velocity splitting selection, which also contributes to lowering the X-ray-to-[O III] luminosity ratio.
Biodiversity of Early Holocene large mammals from the territory of Bulgaria according to remains from archaeological sites
Authors: Karastoyanova Nadezhda
Published: August 2019

Animal remains from archeological sites give a rather good sample of data, showing habitats and biodiversity during the early Holocene . In multiple settlements in the Eastern Balkans, there are numerous remains of wild mammals that were hunted by humans through the prehistory (7200-5800 BP). This gives a general idea of the habitats around and near the settlements. Such deposits of animal remains are the main source of data on fauna during this period and give us information on the processes leading to the extinction of some species.

This paper analyzes more than 26000 animal remains (bones, horns, antlers and teeth) from large mammals from orders: Аrtiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora from 4 still unpublished deposits from Bulgaria. I summarize data from already published remains from 33 sites in East Balkans. These analyses provide a general picture of both habitats and biodiversity and some of the major factors that caused extinction of some large mammals in Bulgaria during the early Holocene.
The Entrepreneurial Student's Experience Journey Through Engineering Education
Authors: Fallast Mario , Vorbach Stefan
Published: August 2019

The goal of this paper is to present a new perspective on how to design entrepre-neurial education in a wider sense. By applying the method of “customer journey mapping”, which is widely used in the field of marketing, the perspective of the student (“customer”) is put into the centre of attention. It intends to raise aware-ness for a more holistic and customer-centric view of the entrepreneurship-related “customer experience”.

The paper shows the limitations of existing tools and procedures and gives an outlook on possible tools to describe customer experience journey in entrepre-neurship education.
Are Educational Games Engaging and Motivating Moroccan Students to Learn Physics?
Authors: Jalal Khouna , Lotfi Ajana , Ahmed Rhazal , Abdelilah El Mokri
Published: August 2019

Nowadays and since the year 2000, the Moroccan educational system like all the other system of educations evolve towards putting more and more emphasis on the Competency-based approach rather than learning contents. Specific pedagogical tool are necessary to develop such competences, especially with the well-known rupture between teaching practices and the digital culture of young people, marked by the increased use of information and communication technologies. Pedagogies that rely on the use of educational games emerged as a solution to change traditional practices .In this sense, we have experimented with the use of educational game circuit warz in a physics classroom .We have restricted its use to the lesson of the voltage divider and we have compared its contributions to those of a classical teaching method .The results found a huge improvement in areas like motivation, engagement and interaction inter-learners.
Numerical Investigation of the Adhesive Damage Used for the Repair of A5083 H11 Aluminum Structures by Composites Patches
Authors: Kaddour Sadek , Bennouna Mohammed Salah , Aour Benaoumeur , Bachir Bouiadjra Bel Abbès , Benaissa Ali , Fari Bouanani Morad
Published: August 2019

In addition of binding the patch to the cracked material, adhesives play an important role in bonded composite repair because they make the bridge of transfer of loads between the patch and the cracked material. Indeed, any damage in adhesives will affect the efficiency and the performance of the repaired structure by composite patches.In this paper, two different adhesive shapes were numerically investigated, using finite element method in order to estimate the damage zone area on the adhesive bonded composite repair in 5083 marine grade aluminum alloy and its effect on the efficiency and performance of the repaired structure. The obtained results proved that the circular shape causes less damage than the rectangular one for the three crack lengths chosen. Moreover, both shapes of adhesive maintain their performance repair without disband risk and without reaching the critical value defined by Ban and co-authors (Dr=0.2474). Furthermore, it is concluded that the damage zone increases with the increase of the adhesive thickness and the decrease of the patch thickness and the use of circular shape is more effective than the rectangular one for the configurations and loading conditions studied.
Parametric Optimization of Thermal Comfort in Extreme Weather Conditions
Authors: Oudrane Abdellatif , Aour Benaoumeur , Belkacem Zeghmati , Hamouda Messaoud
Published: August 2019

This work focuses on the numerical investigation of different modes of heat exchangebetween the habitat and its environment in an extremely hot climate to optimize thermal comfort.Notably, to optimize habitable comfort, it is essential to model the solar flux and the temperatureabsorbed by the habitat walls. In this context, we have developed an analytical model to predict heatexchange for a habitat in the Adrar region. The heat transfer equations have been established in eachwall of the habitat. These equations were discretized by the finite difference method and solvedusing the Gauss algorithm. The models developed were validated with climatic data measured in theresearch unit ''URER'MS'' in Adrar. The results obtained showed that building materials andextreme weather conditions were the decisive parameters of unwanted overheating.
Evaluation of Wear Rate of Aluminium Hybrid Composites Fabricated through Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Venkatesh Bikkina , Nagakalyan S.
Published: August 2019

The Al2014 alloy is extensively used as a structural material in aerospace industry and also it is proving to fit as wear resistant materials especially in sliding wear applications. In the present paper, the wear analysis of hybrid Al-MMCs utilising Al2014 alloy as matrix and Silicon carbide (SiC) / Graphite (Gr) particulate reinforcements was studied by changing load, speed and percentage reinforcement. Al2014+10%SiC composites and Al2014/(5%SiC+5%Gr) were prepared using liquid state processing. The wear test is carried out by using pin on disc with sliding speeds range from 0.84-1.67m/s and loads from 25-75N and sliding distance of 1000m.The outcomes demonstrated that the connected load had positive effect on wear rate while sliding rate indicates reverse movement on wear rate. The incorporation of SiC and Gr is observed to be significant on account of self-lubricating impact of Gr and resistance to material plastic flow due to SiC reinforcement.
Influence of Sic and Al2O3 Particulate Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of ZA27 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Anjan B.N. , Kumar G.V. Preetham
Published: August 2019

Zinc aluminum based matrix composites reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particles have significant applications in the automobile field. Stir casting method followed by squeeze process was used for fabrication. ZA27 composites reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particles (20-50µm) in various weight percentage (wt%) ranges from 0-10 in a step of 5 each was fabricated. OM, SEM and EDS analysis of microstructures obtained for matrix alloy and reinforced composites were performed in order to know the effect of varying wt% on physical and mechanical properties of composites. Squeeze casting technique shows better features such as fine microstructure as a result of low porosity and good bonding between matrix and reinforcement. Addition of reinforcements decreased the densities of matrix alloy. SiC reinforced composites showed better results as compared with Al2O3 reinforced ones. Hardness and ultimate tensile strength value of 10 wt% reinforced composites showed improved results.
A Comparative Study of Wave Excitation in Plates Using Piezoelectric Transducers Operating at Different Modes
Authors: ASLAM MOHAMMED , Nagarajan Praveen , Remanan Mini
Published: August 2019

Structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage detection techniques have recently gained attention in various fields of engineering for preventing catastrophic failures. Among different SHM techniques, Lamb wave propagation methods are widely used as these waves can propagate large distance from a single source. Piezoelectric (PZT) transducers are used here as actuators and sensors to generate and receive wave signals. Most of the studies conducted on wave propagation in plates are by use of conventional d31 mode piezoelectric transducer. However, so far very few studies have been done using other types of PZT transducers. The primary objective of this paper is to determine and study the wave responses in a thin plate using different types of PZT transducers. The results indicate that the d31 and d33 type transducers generate Lamb waves, whereas d24 and d15 type transducers generate shear horizontal waves in two orthogonal directions. The study indicates that each of the transducers has its own directional property. The present study will be helpful for the application of Lamb waves and shear horizontal waves in plate structures
Dry Sliding Wear of Unidirectional Short Castor Oil Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite
Authors: Jagadeesh G.V. , Satish J. , Rajesh Egala , Srinivasu Gangi
Published: August 2019

The application range of natural fiber composites are increasing rapidly in several engineering areas. Unidirectional short castor oil fiber reinforced epoxy composites are fabricated using hand layup process with 40 vol% and 5mm length. Dry sliding wear tests are conducted using pin on disc tribometer. Applied loads are 15, 30 & 45N and track diameters were kept at 100, 110 and 120mm to achieve sliding distances of 1000, 2000 and 3000m respectively with adjustment of running times 6.5, 12 and 16 minutes at speed of 500 RPM. Full factorial DoE is employed and influence of each parameter on amount of wear, CoF and temperature are studied using ANOVA. It is found that load is the highly influential factor affecting amount of wear, CoF and temperature followed by sliding distance and other factors. Also, regression models are developed with good fit. The developed models predicted the results with 0-8 % error.
Thermal and Impact Sensitivity of Pyrotechnic Compositions Containing the Potassium Perchlorate, Aluminium and Graphite
Authors: Phanindra K. Harisivasri , Sivapirakasham S.P. , Balasubramanian K.R. , Surianarayanan Mahadevan
Published: August 2019

The research article aims to study the impact and thermal sensitivity of pyrotechnic compositions which contain potassium perchlorate (KClO4), aluminium (Al) and graphite (C). Simultaneous DSC-TGA (Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis) were used for studying the thermal sensitivity, and BAM fall hammer was used for studying the impact sensitivity. The onset temperature of the exothermic reaction is between 521°C to 528°C for all the studied compositions. The lowest onset temperature of 521°C and limiting impact energy of 16.67 J were found for the composition containing 64% of potassium perchlorate (KClO4), 33% aluminium (Al) and 3% graphite (C). The highest exothermic energy of 936 J/g was released for pyrotechnic composition consisting of 72% potassium perchlorate (KClO4), 25% aluminium (Al) and 3% graphite (C), which is close to the exothermic energy release of 910 J/g for pyrotechnic composition consisting 64% potassium perchlorate (KClO4), 33% aluminium (Al) and 3% graphite (C). Potassium chloride (KCl) was generated after the exothermic reaction, which was confirmed from the endothermic peak at around 773°C.
Mechanical Characterization of the Natural Fiber Reinforced Polystyrene Composite
Authors: Zafar Mohd Farhan , Siddiqui M. Arif
Published: August 2019

In the present work, polystyrene composites using wheat husk, rice husk and mustard husk as fillers are synthesized using in-situ polymerisation technique. Three different filler loading (5%, 10% and 15 %) and three different filler sizes (250-355 µ, 355-500 µ, 500-710 µ) were utilized for the studying the effect of these compositions on different mechanical properties of the synthesized composites. The results have shown that the filler size 250-355 µ and 5 % loading give the maximum values for tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness for all the three types of fillers. While in case of water absorptivity lower the size/loading, lesser would be the water absorbed. The SEM analysis is done to study the fractured surface of the specimen.
Comparison of Erosion Wear of Bidirectional and Multidirectional Oriented Glass Fibre Epoxy Composites
Authors: Naidu P. Pratap , Raghavendra Gujjala , Ojha Shakuntala
Published: August 2019

In this work, an attempt is made to find out the difference in erosion resistance of bidirectional (fibre orientation in 0° and 90° only) and multidirectional (fibre orientation in 0°, 15° 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) glass fibre epoxy composites. The erosion rate of the composites at different sand impingement angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and at different velocities (86.57m/s, 101.15m/s, and 119.2m/s) was observed. The maximum erosion rate was observed at 45° sand impingement angle for both bidirectional and multidirectional composites. The orientation of the fibre in the composite has very little significance on the erosion rate. Both the composites with unidirectional and bidirectional glass fibre showed semi ductile behaviour. SEM was used to examine the surface of the specimen subjected to erosion. Erosion tendency with impact angle and fibre orientation was also touched upon in the study.
Tribological Analysis by Concentration Effect of Boron Carbide and Graphite on the Aluminum Composites
Authors: Rajkumar K. , Varun Subramanian , Prasanna Ganesh , Sreyas Chellu , Gnanavelbabu A.
Published: August 2019

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are indispensable materials used extensively in the aerospace and automobile industries and are highly endorsed due to their good mechanical properties. In this paper, various compositions of the AMCs were fabricated, tested and analyzed using pin on disc tribometer test to understand the tribological behaviour and wear mechanism properties. The volume percentages of the Aluminium composite reinforced with boron carbide and graphite present in the form of Al-B4C-Graphite are Al-B4C (5%)-Graphite (5%), Al-B4C (10%)-Graphite (5%), Al-B4C (5%)-Graphite (15%), Al-B4C (10%)-Graphite (15%), Al-B4C (15%)-Graphite (15%). Loads were varied in steps of 10N, from 10N to 50N while the sliding velocity was correspondingly set as 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1m/s. SEM image analysis was conducted to understand surface tribology after wear tests. The composite Al-B4C (15%)-Graphite (15%) exhibited best wear resistance which can be credited to the bearing capacity of boron carbide particles and adherent graphite layer.
Development of Models for Predicting Strut Efficiency Factors for Conventional and Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Sandeep M.S. , Nagarajan Praveen , Shashikala A.P.
Published: August 2019

Commonly used analysis and design methods are applicable only to Bernoulli’s region or B-region where strain distribution is linear. Due to the peculiarity of the geometry for certain structural members like deep beams, corbels, etc, their entire strain distribution is nonlinear. Hence, they will act as discontinuous regions or D-regions where strain distribution is nonlinear. The designers are forced to depend on empirical relations and their past experience for designing such elements. Since, deep beams form an important structural element in bridges and high-rise buildings as pier caps and transfer girders, their design deserves much more importance. Strut-and-Tie method (STM) is a unified approach that can be used for both regions. The main parameter that influence the accuracy of results produced by STM is the strength reduction factor (βs). In this paper, new relations are developed for predicting strength reduction factor for concrete struts with and without steel fibres. The effect of steel fibres content and percentage of vertical and horizontal reinforcement were considered for developing this relation.
Evaluate Mechanical Behavior of Alumina Coated Aluminum Alloy Using Slow Strain Rates Test in 3.5% of NaCl Solution
Authors: Singh Dalip , Dhayal Veena , Agarwal D.C.
Published: August 2019

This work is concerned with the investigation of the capability of alumina coatings, deposited over aluminum alloy by dip coating methods to improve mechanical properties. Alumina coatings were deposited using oxime-modified aluminum (III) isopropoxide as a sol-gel precursor. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) images of the coated samples suggest deposition of uniform and crack free alumina coatings. The mechanical property of the bare, and dip coated aluminum alloy were investigated by the slow strain rate test in 3.5% of NaCl solution. The coated sample indicate higher ultimate tensile strength, it’s reflect the protective behavior of coating.
A Study on Influence of Underwater Friction Stir Welding on Microstructural, Mechanical Properties and Formability in 5052-O Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Babu K. Tejonadha , Muthukumaran S. , Kumar C.H. Bharat , Narayanan C. Sathiya
Published: August 2019

Friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state joining process is extensively using in the welding of aluminum alloy sheets. In order to save energy and reduce emission, lightweight materials like aluminum alloys were introduced into steel car body, which requires the development of effective joining processes. In the present study, welding was carried out in two different conditions, in the air (CFSW) and underwater (UWFSW) at various welding speeds to weld 5052-O aluminum alloy sheets. The effect of UWFSW on microstructural developments, mechanical properties, and formability was evaluated and compared. Grain refinement is an important opportunity to improve the mechanical properties of FS welds. Considerable grain refinement was obtained in UWFSW joints, which is smaller than that in the CFSW joints. The results indicated an increase in tensile strength, hardness, the percentage of elongation, and formability of UWFSW weld sheets. The results of the tensile test, hardness test, microstructure and fractography as in good correlation with improved properties.
Application of Rietveld Refinement and Williamson Hall Analysis in Ultra-Low Carbon to High Carbon Steels
Authors: Sarangi Soumya Sourav , Lavakumar Avala
Published: August 2019

Current study deals with the microstructural characterization of five different plates of steel with carbon concentration ranging from ultra-low to moderately high. Phase analysis was carried out using XRD technique. The XRD results were analyzed through Rietveld refinement and Williamson Hall plots. Rietveld refinement was carried out to understand the effect of carbon concentration on the lattice parameters of the above steel samples in as-received condition and also after deformation under uni-axial tensile loading. Lattice parameters obtained from refinement showed the strong dependence on carbon concentration of the given steels. But the failed specimens showed somewhat complex results as Spheroidized high carbon steel, Low carbon steel and IF steel showed an increase in lattice parameter whereas Medium carbon steel and Microalloyed steel showed a contraction in lattice parameter. Williamson Hall plot gave the crystallite size, microstrain and dislocation density in the steels. For IF and Microalloyed steels the dislocation density in the material is found to be higher after deformation whereas dislocation density decreased in Spheroidized high carbon steel, Medium carbon steel and Low carbon steel.
Determination of Crack Pattern in Concrete Structures Using Applied Element Method
Authors: Christy D. Lincy , Pillai T.M. Madhavan , Nagarajan Praveen , Manimaran L.
Published: August 2019

Applied Element Method (AEM) is a relatively new method for structural analysis developed by Kimiro Meguro and Hatem Tagel Din in 1997. It can capture the behavior of structure up to failure. In this method, structure is discretized into rigid elements connected by springs. The stiffness matrix of the structure consists of that of springs only. Here, the method is used to find out the failure load and predict the crack propagation. Two methods are available to determine the crack pattern namely unloading-reloading method and residual force method. These approaches are used to maintain equilibrium during the process of cracking. In this paper, these methods are discussed and they are used for the analysis of plain concrete beams with different support conditions.
Shear Strength of BC-Soil Admixed with Lime and Bio-Enzyme
Authors: Jairaj C. , Prathap Kumar M.T. , Muralidhara H.
Published: August 2019

This BC Soil are expansive in nature and are problematic because of low shear strength and high compressibility. Review of literatures have proven that addition of lime imparts high strength with a corresponding reduction in swell of BC soils. In addition, Bio-enzymes have also been found to play a key role as activators in improving the characteristics of clayey soils such as BC soil. Development and use of non-traditional ground improvement techniques such as bio-enzymes in combination with lime for soil stabilization helps to reduce the cost and the detrimental effects on the soil environment. In the present study lime and bio-enzymes were used as soil stabilizing agents. Compaction test results on BC soil admixed with different percent of lime indicated that 3% addition lime gives higher maximum dry density of 17kN/m3 with OMC of 21% compare to other addition of lime percentages. Keeping 3% of lime as optimum lime content(OLC), BC Soil was admixed with different dosages of Bio-enzymes 25ml/m3, 50ml/m3, 100 ml/m3,150ml/m3, and 200ml/m3 along with OLC was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength(UCC). Further UCC test was carried out for different curing period of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 Days to analyse the long term effect of BC soil admixed with bio-enzymes with and without lime content. Morphological and chemical analysis was done by using XRD and SEM analysis, from all the test results it was found that 3%OLC + 75ml/m3 of bio-enzymes for 7 day of curing gives higher UCC of 450 kPa. From the SEM it was found that better bond between particles found to develop in bio-enzyme+ lime admixed BC soil in comparison with lime alone admixed BC soil. XRD studies indicated morphological changes in crystallinity and structure of stabilized BC soil in comparison to BC soil alone.
Development of Al7075 Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Strength Evaluation and FE Static Analysis of Idealized Brake Rotors
Authors: Rajesh M. , Mahesha C.R. , Shivarudraiah Shivarudraiah , Sharm K.V.
Published: August 2019

The quest for the lighter materials have motivated the researchers worldwide to develop a newer composites. with the discovery of carbon nanotubes, a class of novel material it has been possible to fabricate the components for the field of automotive and aircraft industries where the strength to weight ratio becomes prominent. In the present work the Al7075 alloy was reinforced with the electroless Ni coated Multiwalled carbon nanotubes in 2wt%,4wt% and 6wt% the nanocomposites were prepared via die casting technique and the resulting composites were tested for the strength and hardness the tensile strength for 6wt% reinforcement found to be 240Mpa a 33% increase compared to unreinforced composite and micro hardness was as high as 61. The SEM analysis revealed that the improvements in the hardness could be attributed to the carbon atoms inclusion in composite lattices.The finite element analysis was carried out for the idealized composite commercial brake rotor the max stress bearing capacity was 172.74 N/mm2 and max deformation was 1.85x10-5 for the 6wt% of reinforcement. Keywords: nanocomposites, die casting, microhardness, aluminium brake rotors.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Majumder Arunabha , Shivakumar Vybhavi , Shivasiddaramaiah A.G. , Shashishekar C. , Mallikarjun U.S. , Roopa K.B.
Published: August 2019

In recent days, it is being found that shape memory alloys can be used in the medicinal field which helps to alleviate numerous disabilities in people. The Shape memory alloy are evaluated for biocompatibility in present work. The objective is to determine the biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Mn SMAs using the alloy of composition 10-14 weight. % Aluminium (Al), 5-9 weight% Manganese (Mn) and rest copper (Cu) through ingot metallurgy in a constrained atmosphere. The casted samples were homogenisation at 900°C for one and half hours and then rolled at 900°C. The rolled specimens were betatized for half an hour at 900°C followed by Step quenching in boiling water (100°C) and quenching in water at room temperature (30°C). They are cut to the dimension of 10 mm * 10mm * 1mm (breadth*length*height) and then effect of shape memory on obtained alloy was assessed. In continuation, in order to understand the biocompatibility of obtained alloy, the samples were analysed for antibacterial movement by turbido-metric process. The microorganisms utilized for biocompatibility are S.aureus and E.coli. The outcomes showed remarkable biocompatibility with the inference that it can be employed for invitrouses.
Effect of Multiaxial Cryoforging on Wear Properties of Cu-1.5%Ti Alloy
Authors: Ramesh S. , Nayaka H. Shivananda
Published: August 2019

Copper-Titanium alloy was subjected to multi axial forging (MAF) at cryogenic temperature. Microstructure evolution was observed using optical microscope (OM). After 9 pass of MAF, grain size reduced to 2 µm. As number of MAF pass increases, hardness of the sample increased, due to strain hardening effect. Dry sliding wear test was performed on as-received and MAF processed samples using pin on disc wear machine. Tests were performed at 30 N and 40 N loads at 3 m/s constant speed and at 1000 m and 2000 m, sliding distance. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS was used to analyze the worn-out surface of the specimen. Wear mass loss of MAF processed sample reduced, with increased number of MAF passes. Frictional Coefficient (COF) reduced with increase in MAF passes and improved with increase in load, because of increase in contact area between sample and disc.
Investigation on Electromechanical Properties of Solid Silicone Rubber Composites with Conductive Carbon Filler
Authors: Manohar Shankar B.S. , Kulkarni S.M.
Published: August 2019

Dielectric elastomers belonging to the class of electroactive polymers are promising materials for electromechanical transduction. They are used as actuators, capacitive sensors and energy harvesters. In the present study solid silicone rubber-super conducting carbon black composites are prepared through compression moulding process and evaluated for their mechanical and dielectric properties. Electromechanical sensitivity is estimated and discussed using Taguchi orthogonal arrays for the factors, such as content of active filler and curing agent, mixing time in roll mill, curing temperature. Permittivity of the composites increased 6 times when compared with the sample without active filler. Electromechanical sensitivity of the composite improved 2 times, thus highlighting that this approach could lead to development of newer dielectric elastomer transducer materials.