bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic screening of gas diffusion layers for high performance CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Samu Angelika Anita , Szenti Imre , Kukovecz Ákos , Endrődi Balázs , Janáky Csaba
Published: February 2023

Certain industrially relevant performance metrics of CO2 electrolyzers have already been approached in recent years. The energy efficiency of CO2 electrolyzers, however, is yet to be improved, and the reasons behind performance fading must be uncovered. The performance of the electrolyzer cells is strongly affected by their components, among which the gas diffusion electrode is one of the most critical elements. To understand which parameters of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) affect the cell performance the most, we compared commercially available GDLs in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO, under identical, fully controlled experimental conditions. By systematically screening the most frequently used GDLs and their counterparts differing in only one parameter, we tested the influence of the microporous layer, the polytetrafluoroethylene content, the thickness, and the orientation of the carbon fibers of the GDLs. The electrochemical results were correlated to different physical/chemical parameters of the GDLs, such as their hydrophobicity and surface cracking.
Green and rapid synthesis of biomass carbon dot-based fluorescence sensing for the sensitive determination of oxytetracycline
Authors: Li Qianji , Wu Xiwen , Zhang Xiaohuan , Su Wenen , Tan Yan , Fan Pengfei , Liu Jinquan , Yang Shengyuan
Published: February 2023

Green and rapid synthesis of biomass carbon dots for the sensitive fluorescence sensing determination of oxytetracycline.
Electronic and magnetic properties of charged point defects in monolayer CrI3
Authors: Ma Rongrong , Sun Yun , Ge Mei , Ma Chenrui , Zhang Junfeng
Published: February 2023

Charged Cr interstitial point defects in a two-dimensional magnetic CrI3 monolayer.
Co3O4/TiO2catalysts studiedin situduring the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide: the effect of different TiO2polymorphs
Authors: Nyathi Thulani M. , Fadlalla Mohamed I. , Fischer Nico , York Andrew P. E. , Olivier Ezra J. , Gibson Emma K. , Wells Peter P. , Claeys Michael
Published: February 2023

This study reveals the influence of different TiO2supports on the catalytic performance and phase transformations of Co3O4during CO-PrOx.
Oxygen-incorporated 3D flower-like MoS2 microsphere as a bifunctional catalyst for effective synthesis of 2,5-diformyfuran from fructose
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen , He Yuhan , Tang Pengfei , Xu Chenhui , Zhang Genlei , He Jianbo
Published: February 2023

An oxygen-incorporated 3D flower-like MoS2 microsphere was prepared by a simple hydrothermal procedure and served as a highly active catalyst in the synthesis of DFF from fructose.
E-Selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes via a sulfur-radical mediation over cyclodextrin-modified nickel nanocatalyst
Authors: Su Yatao , Wang Xiu , Lin Qianwen , Shen Qi , Xu Shuangwen , Fang Liping , Wen Xin
Published: February 2023

An efficient cyclodextrin-modified Ni catalyst was developed for E-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes that takes into account for the highly active Hδ− and Hδ+, in situ formed Ni nanoparticles, and the host–guest interaction.
The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by regulating macrophage polarization via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Guo-li , Tang Jia-feng , Tan Wen-li , Zhang Tao , Zeng Di , Zhao Shuang , Ran Jian-hua , Li Jing , Wang Ya-ping , Chen Di-long
Published: February 2023

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) can inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). But the mechanism of GLPS's effect is little known. This data showed that GLPS can regulate MAPK/NF-κB signaling responsible for M1 polarization in anti-HCC.
Thinned young apple polyphenols may prevent neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the cerebral cortex of high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Ma Qingqing , Gao Jing , Fan Qiang , Yang Tao , Zhao Zhuang , Zhang Shuangxi , Hu Ranrui , Cui Li , Liang Bing , Xie Xiuying , Liu Jiankang , Long Jiangang
Published: February 2023

TYAPs maintain the TCA cycle and mitochondrial homeostasis to activate TET2 in the cerebral cortex. TYAPs improve diabetes-induced neuronal apoptosis through restoring the 5hmC level, which is mediated by the up-regulation and activation of TET2.
Investigation and mathematical correction of the matrix complexity effect on platinum group metals using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination
Authors: Liu Minghui , Zhao Yutong , Tian Bingyang , Tian Ming , Zhang Jian , Zhang Hui , You Haixia , Xue Tianyan , Qi Tao
Published: February 2023

A mathematical correction was applied to compensate for the matrix effect after screening for emission lines without spectral interferences. Reliable PGM value can be efficiently obtained even in the presence of severe matrix element interference.
The role of crystallinity of palladium nanocrystals in ROS generation and cytotoxicity induction
Authors: Wu Yanxin , Liu Rongtao , Liu Jian , Jia Jianbo , Zhou Hongyu , Yan Bing
Published: February 2023

Palladium (Pd) nanocrystals with different crystalline forms exhibit distinct enzyme-like activities in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Electron transmission matrix and anion regulation strategy-derived oxygen-deficient δ-MnO2 for a high-rate and long-life aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Yin Junyi , Yang Hui , Gan Zihan , Gao Yuan , Feng Xiang , Wang Minghui , Yang Gaixiu , Cheng Yonghong , Xu Xin
Published: February 2023

Ion migration and electron transmission are vital for manganese oxides in zinc ion batteries. In this work, biomass-derived N–MnO2@HCMTs with oxygen defects are fabricated for advanced aqueous zinc ion storage.
Exploring the binding effects and inhibiting mechanism of hyperoside to lipase using multi-spectroscopic approaches, isothermal titration calorimetry, inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Wu Di , Tang Lan , Hu Xia , Zhang Jing , Geng Fang
Published: February 2023

Determining the binding mechanism of HYP and lipase by multi-spectral techniques, isothermal titration calorimetry, enzyme kinetics and molecular simulations provided a new direction for screening natural lipase inhibitors.
Effect of fibers on chloride transport in mortars under unsaturated and saturated conditions
Authors: Gao Danying , Cao Zhudi , Yang Lin , Chang Honglei , Li Junru , Sun Guowen , Liu Hongwei
Published: February 2023

The effect of steel and polypropylene fibers on chloride transport in saturated and unsaturated mortars was investigated. Meanwhile, the pore structure of fiber reinforced mortar and the micromorphology of the fiber–mortar interface were analyzed.
Electrosorption performance on graphene-based materials: a review
Authors: Liu Yan , Tian Yun , Xu Jianda , Wang Changfu , Wang Yun , Yuan Dingzhong , Chew Jia Wei
Published: February 2023

Graphene-based materials used in electrosorption: (1) 3D graphene; (2) graphene/MO; (3) graphene/carbon composites; (4) heteroatom-doped graphene; (5) graphene/polymer-based.
Room temperature design of Ce(iv)-MOFs: from photocatalytic HER and OER to overall water splitting under simulated sunlight irradiation
Authors: Dai Shan , Montero-Lanzuela Eva , Tissot Antoine , Baldoví Herme G. , García Hermenegildo , Navalón Sergio , Serre Christian
Published: February 2023

A new synthetic approach is reported to synthesize redox-active Ce(iv) MOFs at room temperature for efficient and reusable photo-induced overall water splitting.
Mechanistic study of homoleptic trisamidolanthanide-catalyzed aldehyde and ketone hydroboration. Chemically non-innocent ligand participation
Authors: Rothbaum Jacob O. , Motta Alessandro , Kratish Yosi , Marks Tobin J.
Published: February 2023

Experimental and theoretical studies of rapid aldehyde and ketone hydroboration catalyzed by a commercially available homoleptic lanthanide-organic catalyst reveals chemically non-innocent ligand participation.
Addressing the stability challenge of photo(electro)catalysts towards solar water splitting
Authors: Xiao Mu , Wang Zhiliang , Maeda Kazuhiko , Liu Gang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: February 2023

In this perspective, we emphasise the importance of stability evaluation in the development of photo(electro)catalysts and related devices towards practical solar water splitting.
Microfluidic concurrent assessment of red blood cell adhesion and microcapillary occlusion: potential hemorheological biomarkers in sickle cell disease
Authors: Man Yuncheng , Wu Douglas H. , An Ran , Wei Peiran , Monchamp Karamoja , Goreke Utku , Sekyonda Zoe , Wulftange William J. , Federici Chiara , Bode Allison , Nayak Lalitha V. , Little Jane A. , Gurkan Umut A.
Published: February 2023

A microfluidic assay integrated with capillary network-inspired microcapillary arrays and endothelial-associated protein functionalization enables concurrent assessment of red blood cell adhesion and microcapillary occlusion.
Urethane functions can reduce metal salts under hydrothermal conditions: synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles on flexible sponges applied in semi-automated organic reduction
Authors: Gazil Olivier , Bernardi Johannes , Lassus Arthur , Virgilio Nick , Unterlass Miriam M.
Published: February 2023

Noble metal nanoparticles anchored on flexible polyurethane foams were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis. Through employing a robotic arm, these ‘catalytic sponges’ were used for organic reductions towards automated lab-scale organic synthesis.
Adsorption-based capture of iodine and organic iodides: status and challenges
Authors: Pan Tingting , Yang Kaijie , Dong Xinglong , Han Yu
Published: February 2023

This review discusses the current status and challenges in the development of novel iodine capture adsorbents, focusing on adsorption mechanisms and evaluation methods.
Multifunctional MXene-based composite films with simultaneous terahertz/gigahertz wave shielding performance for future 6G communication
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Cao Yishu , Wang Ruofeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Fan Fei , Huang Yi
Published: February 2023

The MXene/polyaramid composite film displays strong EMI shielding performance in both terahertz and gigahertz bands, ultrahigh tensile strength, good heat resistance and excellent harsh-environment stability.
Multiplexed stimuli-responsive molecules for high-security anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Xia Hongyan , Loan Tommy , Santra Mithun , Xie Kang , Bradley Mark
Published: February 2023

A new stimuli-responsive compound whose optical properties were significantly affected by acid was synthesized, combined with spiropyran and used for high-level information encryption taking advantage of their orthogonal responsiveness to external stimuli.
Controlled degradation of polycaprolactone-based micropillar arrays
Authors: Geoghegan Niamh , O'Loughlin Mark , Delaney Colm , Rochfort Keith D. , Kennedy Meabh , Kolagatla Srikanth , Podhorska Lucia , Rodriguez Brian J. , Florea Larisa , Kelleher Susan M.
Published: February 2023

Herein we demonstrate the fabrication and controlled degradation of arrays of polycaprolactone-based micropillars, achieved through the combination of direct laser writing and nanoimprint lithography.
High spatial resolution ambient tip-enhanced (multipolar) Raman scattering
Authors: El-Khoury Patrick Z.
Published: February 2023

Numerous physical and chemical processes contribute to tip-enhanced Raman spectral nano-images.
Electrophilicity of neutral square-planar organosilver(iii) compounds
Authors: Joven-Sancho Daniel , Demonti Luca , Martín Antonio , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Nebra Noel , Baya Miguel , Menjón Babil
Published: February 2023

Neutral silver(iii) compounds stabilised with just monodentate ligands are found to exhibit a distinct tendency to associate an additional ligand at the apical position. They include the first documented compound with a Ag(iii)–As bond.
Catalysis-free synthesis of thiazolidine–thiourea ligands for metal coordination (Au and Ag) and preliminary cytotoxic studies
Authors: Salvador-Gil Daniel , Herrera Raquel P. , Gimeno M. Concepción
Published: February 2023

The reaction of propargylamines with isothiocyanates selectively gives iminothiazolidines, aminothiazolines, or mixed thiazolidine–thioureas under mild conditions. Coordination studies of these compounds with gold and silver have been performed.
Electronic properties of single-crystalline Fe4O5
Authors: Ovsyannikov Sergey V. , Karkin Alexander E. , Korobeinikov Igor V. , Morozova Natalia V. , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: February 2023

We synthesized single crystals of Fe4O5 under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. At ambient conditions they demonstrated a semimetal electrical conductivity with nearly equal partial contributions of electrons and holes.
Recent advances in biomass pretreatment using biphasic solvent systems
Authors: Li Ruolin , Zheng Yayue , Zhao Xiaoxue , Yong Qiang , Meng Xianzhi , Ragauskas Arthur , Huang Caoxing
Published: February 2023

The complexity and recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass seriously hinder its subsequent conversion to liquid fuels.
A base-free hydroxylaminolysis protocol promoted by ZnO in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Liang Xinjie , Lv Bingqing , Sun Shitao , Wu Zhixuan , Lin Bin , Bao Xuefei , Chen Guoliang
Published: February 2023

The work-up was an integration of product purification and resource recovery, which reduced PMI and WI. The recyclability of both zinc oxide and DESs was proved via the preparation of vorinostat at the gram scale for at least four consecutive runs.
Reassessing CORM-A1: redox chemistry and idiosyncratic CO-releasing characteristics of the widely used carbon monoxide donor
Authors: Bauer Nicola , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yuan Zhengnan , Wang Binghe
Published: February 2023

Redox activity and unreliable carbon monoxide production of CO donor, CORM-A1, presents new complications in its use for studying CO biology.
Advancing vapor-deposited perovskite solar cellsviamachine learning
Authors: Wang Jiazheng , Qi Yuchen , Zheng Haofeng , Wang Ruilong , Bai Siyou , Liu Yanan , Liu Qi , Xiao Jin , Zou Dechun , Hou Shaocong
Published: February 2023

The optimal device architecture and its fabrication parameters for vapor-deposited perovskite solar cells are investigated by machine learning, predicting the highest power conversion efficiency of 26.1%.
The NFkB activation domain is 14-amino-acid-long variant of the 9aaTAD
Authors: Houser Josef , Jendruchova Kristina , Knight Andrea , Piskacek Martin
Published: February 2023

The nine-amino-acid transactivation domains (9aaTAD) was identified in numerous transcription factors including Gal4, p53, E2A, MLL, c-Myc, N-Myc, and also in SP, KLF, and SOX families. Most of the 9aaTAD domains interact with the KIX domain of transcription mediators MED15 and CBP to activate transcription. The NFkB activation domain occupied the same position on the KIX domain as the 9aaTADs of MLL, E2A, and p53. Binding of the KIX domain is established by the two-point interaction involving 9aaTAD positions p3–4 and p6–7. The NFkB primary binding region (positions p3–4) is almost identical with MLL and E2A, but secondary NFkB binding region differs by the position and engages the distal NFkB region p10–11. Thus, the NFkB activation domain is five amino acids longer than the other 9aaTADs. The NFkB activation domain includes an additional region, which we called the Omichinski Insert extending activation domain length to 14 amino acids. By deletion, we demonstrated that Omichinski Insert is an entirely non-essential part of NFkB activation domain. In summary, we recognized the NFkB activation domain as prolonged 9aaTAD conserved in evolution from humans to amphibians.
Chloroplast translation factor EF-Tu of Arabidopsis thaliana can be inactivated via oxidation of a specific cysteine residue
Authors: Toriu Machi , Horie Momoka , Kumaki Yuka , Yoneyama Taku , Kore-eda Shin , Mitsuyama Susumu , Yoshida Keisuke , Hisabori Toru , Nishiyama Yoshitaka
Published: February 2023

Translational elongation factor EF-Tu, which delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome, is susceptible to inactivation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. However, the sensitivity to ROS of chloroplast-localized EF-Tu (cpEF-Tu) of plants remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we generated a recombinant cpEF-Tu protein of Arabidopsis thaliana and examined its sensitivity to ROS in vitro. In cpEF-Tu that lacked a bound nucleotide, one of the two cysteine residues, Cys149 and Cys451, in the mature protein was sensitive to oxidation by H2O2, with the resultant formation of sulfenic acid. The translational activity of cpEF-Tu, as determined with an in vitro translation system, derived from Escherichia coli, that had been reconstituted without EF-Tu, decreased with the oxidation of a cysteine residue. Replacement of Cys149 with an alanine residue rendered cpEF-Tu insensitive to inactivation by H2O2, indicating that Cys149 might be the target of oxidation. In contrast, cpEF-Tu that had bound either GDP or GTP was less sensitive to oxidation by H2O2 than nucleotide-free cpEF-Tu. The addition of thioredoxin f1, a major thioredoxin in the Arabidopsis chloroplast, to oxidized cpEF-Tu allowed the reduction of Cys149 and the reactivation of cpEF-Tu, suggesting that the oxidation of cpEF-Tu might be a reversible regulatory mechanism that suppresses the chloroplast translation system in a redox-dependent manner.
Impact of Face Masks on Speech in Parkinson's Disease: Effect of Clear and Loud Speech Styles
Authors: Knowles Thea , Badh Gursharan
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to quantify the combined effects of face masks and effortful speech styles on speech intensity, spectral moments, and measures of spectral balance in talkers with Parkinson's disease.

Method:

Fifteen people with Parkinson's disease and 15 healthy, older controls read aloud sentences in three face mask conditions and three speech style conditions. Mask conditions included no mask, surgical masks, and KN95 masks. Speech styles included habitual, clear, and loud. Acoustic measures of intensity, spectral moments, and spectral balance were modeled as a function of speaker group, mask, and speech style.

Results:

Overall, talkers with PD demonstrated lower concentrations of high-frequency spectral energy in their speech. Face masks attenuated high-frequency energy, whereas clear followed by loud speaking styles amplified high frequencies. Overall, the attenuation observed by face masks was preserved across speech styles, and both mask and speech patterns were observed to be similar across groups.

Discussion:

Clear and loud speech styles were effective in compensating for the damping effects of masks in talkers with and without PD. However, given that people with PD demonstrated poorer overall spectral balance compared to controls, the gains afforded by speaking clearly or loudly may be limited when wearing a face mask.
Robotic disassembly sequence planning considering parts failure features
Authors: Cui Jia , Yang Can , Zhang Jinliang , Tian Sisi , Liu Jiayi , Xu Wenjun
Published: February 2023

Disassembly is an important step in remanufacturing products. Robotic disassembly helps to improve disassembly efficiency. However, the end‐of‐life products often have the parts with uncertain quality, which is manifested as wear, fracture, deformation, corrosion, and other failure features. The parts failure features always have impacts on disassembly process. First, the evaluation method of parts failure features is researched, and the quantitative model of parts failure features is constructed using fuzzy models. Then, the disassembly information model is established by considering the influence of different failure degrees on the robotic disassembly process. Afterwards, to generate the optimal disassembly solution, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is used to solve robotic disassembly sequence planning problem which considers parts failure features. Considering the influence of parts failure features on robotic disassembly time, the states, actions and rewards and environment are designed in DRL. Finally, a case study of the double shaft coupling as a waste product is carried out, and the proposed method is compared with the other methods to verify the effectiveness.
Diagnostisches und therapeutisches Management der Episkleritis und Skleritis
Authors: Turgut Ferhat , Dingerkus Vita , Tappeiner Christoph , Becker Matthias
Published: February 2023

Das schmerzhafte „rote Auge“ ist wohl das auffälligste Zeichen einer Augenerkrankung, hinter der milde, aber auch schwere Verläufe stecken können. Die Episkleritis und Skleritis sind
hierbei wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen. Die rechtzeitige Diagnose ist nicht nur wichtig für die notwendige Therapie, sondern kann vor einer irreversiblen Visusminderung, einem Augenverlust
sowie Organschäden schützen und ggf. sogar das Mortalitätsrisiko senken.
Appendiceal lesions in serrated polyposis patients are easily overlooked but only seldomly lead to colorectal cancer
Authors: van Toledo David E. F. W. M. , IJspeert Joep E. G. , Bleijenberg Arne G. C. , Bastiaansen Barbara A. J. , van Noesel Carel J. M. , Dekker Evelien
Published: February 2023

Background Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is the most prevalent colonic polyposis syndrome and is associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk. A recent study in resected appendices of SPS patients reported that 6/23 (26.1 %) of identified serrated polyps had histological dysplasia. We evaluated the prevalence and clinical relevance of appendiceal lesions in a large SPS cohort.

Methods Prospective data from 2007 to 2020 for a cohort of 199 SPS patients were analyzed. Data were retrieved from endoscopy and pathology reports. Patients who underwent (pre)clearance colonoscopies, surveillance colonoscopies, or colorectal surgery including the appendix were separately evaluated for the presence of appendiceal lesions. The primary outcome was the prevalence of adenocarcinomas and serrated polyps/adenomas with advanced histology in the surgery group.

Results 171 patients were included, of whom 110 received endoscopic surveillance and 34 underwent surgery. Appendiceal lesion prevalence in the surgery group was 14 /34 (41.2 %, 95 %CI 24.7 %–59.3 %); none were advanced on histology. Detection rates in the (pre)clearance group were 1 /171 (0.6 %, 95 %CI 0.01 %–3.2 %) for advanced and 3 /171 (1.8 %, 95 %CI 0.04 %–5.0 %) for nonadvanced appendiceal lesions, all of which were sessile serrated lesions. During 522 patient-years of surveillance, no advanced appendiceal lesions were detected at endoscopy, and in 1 /110 patients (0.9 %, 95 %CI 0.02 %–5.0 %) was a nonadvanced lesion detected.

Conclusion Appendiceal lesions are common in SPS patients. The discrepancy between the endoscopic detection rate of appendiceal lesions and the reported prevalence in surgically resected appendices suggests a substantial miss-rate of appendiceal lesions during colonoscopy. Advanced appendiceal lesions are however rare and no appendiceal adenocarcinomas occurred, implying limited clinical relevance of these lesions.
Simultaneous Aortic and Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Repaired Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Bobylev Dmitry , Hysko Klea , Avsar Murat , Cvitkovic Tomislav , Petena Elena , Sarikouch Samir , Bleck Mechthild Westhoff , Hansmann Georg , Haverich Axel , Horke Alexander
Published: February 2023

Objectives Patients with congenital heart disease frequently require surgical or percutaneous interventional valve replacement after initial congenital heart defect (CHD) repair. In some of these patients, simultaneous replacement of both semilunar valves is necessary, resulting in increased procedural complexity, morbidity, and mortality. In this study, we analyze the outcomes of simultaneous aortic and pulmonary valve replacements following multiple surgical interventions for CHD.

Methods This was a retrospective study of 24 patients who after initial repair of CHD underwent single-stage aortic and pulmonary valve replacement at our institution between 2003 and 2021.

Results The mean age of the patients was 28 ± 13 years; the mean time since the last surgery was 15 ± 11 years. Decellularized valved homografts (DVHs) were used in nine patients, and mechanical valves were implanted in seven others. In eight patients, DVHs, biological, and mechanical valves were implanted in various combinations. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 303 ± 104 minutes, and aortic cross-clamp time was 152 ± 73 minutes. Two patients died at 12 and 16 days postoperatively. At a maximum follow-up time of 17 years (mean 7 ± 5 years), 95% of the surviving patients were categorized as New York Heart Association heart failure class I.

Conclusion Single-stage aortic and pulmonary valve replacement after initial repair of CHD remains challenging with substantial perioperative mortality (8.3%). Nevertheless, long-term survival and clinical status at the latest follow-up were excellent. The valve type had no relevant impact on the postoperative course. The selection of the valves for implantation should take into account operation-specific factors—in particular reoperability—as well as the patients' wishes.
Assessing Electronic Health Literacy at an Urban Academic Hospital
Authors: Lane Sarah , Fitzsimmons Emma , Zelefksy Abraham , Klein Jonathan , Kaur Savneet , Viswanathan Shankar , Garg Madhur , Feldman Jonathan M. , Jariwala Sunit P.
Published: February 2023

Background Residents of the Bronx suffer marked health disparities due to socioeconomic and other factors. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic worsened these health outcome disparities and health care access disparities, especially with the abrupt transition to online care.

Objectives This study classified electronic health literacy (EHL) among patients at an urban, academic hospital in the Bronx, and assessed for associations between EHL levels and various demographic characteristics.

Methods We designed a cross-sectional, observational study in adults 18 years or older presenting to the Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care (MECCC) Department of Radiation Oncology or the Montefiore Department of Medicine in the Bronx. We assessed EHL using the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) survey, a previously validated tool, and our newly developed eHealth Literacy Objective Scale-Scenario Based (eHeLiOS-SB) tool.

Results A total of 97 patients recruited from the MECCC and Department of Medicine participated in this study. There was a statistically significant association between age and EHL as assessed by both eHEALS and eHeLiOS-SB, with older adults having lower EHL scores. Additionally, a question designed to assess general attitudes toward digital health technologies found that most participants had a positive attitude toward such applications.

Conclusion Many patients, especially older adults, may require additional support to effectively navigate telehealth. Further research is warranted to optimize telemedicine strategies in this potentially-marginalized population and ultimately to create telehealth practices accessible to patients of all ages and demographics.
The Feasibility of Telemedicine in the Implementation and Management of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Infants with Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in a Resource-Limited Country
Authors: Hadid Adnan , AL-Shantout Taher S. , Terkawi Rayan S. , Aldbes Baraa M. , Zahran Manal M. , Alsatouf Fadia A. , Najjar Hani , Mughrabieh MHD Hassan , Alhadid Nour A. , Altirkawi Khalid
Published: February 2023

Background Telemedicine is widely used in neonatal services in developed countries, though its outcomes in low- and middle-income countries are controversial. Lack of expertise and/or facilities, however, has limited its use in developing countries and around areas of military conflicts. We aim to study the implementation and management of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with the help of telemedicine in a resource-limited country.

Methodology This is a retrospective study, evaluating patients who received TH, guided by telemedicine, through a mobile app (Telegram), an application that allows sharing and archiving of information with other beneficial features. We assessed the feasibility of utilizing telemedicine in guiding the application of TH to infants affected with HIE in the North-West of Syria between July 2020 and July 2021. Feasibility was measured by parameters related to the time gaps between initiation of consultation and treatment and clinical short-term outcomes.

Results Out of 5,545 newborn infants delivered during the study period, 22 patients were eligible for TH guided by telemedicine. Patients were referred for consultation at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 137 (35–165) minutes of life. A median (IQR) of 12 (3–18) minutes elapsed between the call for a consultation and the consultant response and a median (IQR) of 30 (0–42) minutes elapsed between seeking the consultation and the initiation of cooling therapy. Eighteen patients completed cooling for 72 hours. The patients' temperatures were within the target range (33–34°C) most of the time (84.1%).

Conclusion Telemedicine is a feasible method to guide the implementation TH for HIE in resource-limited areas. The short-term success rate is relatively high; however, further studies with a larger population are needed to confirm these findings.
Comparison of the Predictive Ability of the Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin, C-Reactive Protein/Albumin, and Lactate/Albumin Ratios for Short-Term Mortality in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
Authors: Özdemir Serdar , Altunok İbrahim
Published: February 2023

Background Hematological parameters and their ratios are the most studied biomarkers for prediction of mortality or severe illness in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aims to compare the power of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/albumin ratio, lactate/albumin ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio, measured at the time of admission, in predicting 30-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Materials and Methods This retrospectively designed, single-center, observational study was performed in the ED of a tertiary education health care center. We documented the data of patients admitted with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between September 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021.

Results Of the 470 patients included in the study, 232 (49.4%) were female. The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 23.8%. The area under the curve values for the BUN/albumin ratio, lactate/albumin ratio, and CRP/albumin ratio in the prediction of 30-day mortality were 0.725, 0.641, and 0.749, respectively. Sensitivity and negative predictive value for CRP/albumin ratio (≥0.049) and specificity for BUN/albumin ratio (≥1.17) were 92.86, 94.9, and 71.23, respectively. The odds ratio values of the BUN/albumin ratio (≥1.17), CRP/albumin ratio (≥0.049), and lactate/albumin ratio (≥0.046) for 30-day mortality were determined as 4.886, 9.268, and 2.518, respectively.

Conclusion The BUN/albumin ratio and CRP/albumin ratio can be used to predict 30-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients admitted to ED. Furthermore, CRP/albumin ratio had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value, while BUN/albumin ratio had the highest specificity.
Changes in Coagulation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Treatment (HIPEC)—A Systematic Review
Authors: Lundbech Mikkel , Damsbo Matilde , Krag Andreas Engel , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: February 2023

Venous thromboembolism and postoperative bleeding are complications of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effect of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC on coagulation and fibrinolysis within 10 days after surgery. Studies were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on December 12, 2022. Data on biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis measured preoperatively up to the 10th postoperative day were extracted. Among 15 included studies, 13 studies reported markers of primary hemostasis. Eleven studies found reduced platelet count following cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC and two studies reported reduced platelet function. Twelve studies reported impaired secondary hemostasis until postoperative day 10 indicated by prolonged international normalized ratio, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fibrinogen was decreased in three studies from preoperative to postoperative day 3 switching to increased levels until postoperative day 10. In accordance, three studies found reduced maximum amplitude and maximum clot firmness by thromboelastography/thromboelastometry (ROTEM/TEG) on the first postoperative day indicating impaired clot strength. Four studies demonstrated increased d-dimer, factor (F) VIII, and thrombin generation during the 10 postoperative days. Four studies investigated fibrinolysis by ROTEM/TEG and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) after cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC reporting contradictive results. In conclusion, a decrease in platelet count and subtle changes in secondary hemostasis were found following cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Data on the effect of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC on fibrinolysis are sparse and this needs to be further investigated.
Calibrating instruments remotely to reduce location-based error
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

Remote calibration, conducted over the internet, offers a potentially faster, cheaper, and more accurate option.
Increased signal separation upgrade permits preliminary electron anisotropy measurements with Heliotron J multi-pass Thomson diagnostic
Authors: Qiu Dechuan , Minami Takashi , Kado Shinichiro , Inagaki Shigeru , Wang Chenyu , Matsutani Ryo , Toba Shunsuke , Luo Maoyuan , Zhang Pengfei , Kenmochi Naoki , Ohshima Shinsuke , Kobayashi Shinji , Okada Hiroyuki , Mizuuchi Tohru , Konoshima Shigeru , Yasuhara Ryo , Nagasaki Kazunobu
Published: February 2023

A signal separation system is constructed on the multi-pass Thomson scattering system of Heliotron J to solve the problem of overlapping scattered light signals for the electron temperature anisotropy measurement. The phenomenon of overlapping scattered light signals is relieved by operating the signal separation system. A Raman scattering experiment is undertaken to verify the separation effect of the signal separation system. Two scattered light signals corresponding to two adjacent incidences of one laser shot were extended to 104 ns. Moreover, we applied the multi-pass Thomson scattering system with signal separation system to the electron temperature anisotropy measurement. No anisotropy was observed within the error bars in the initial experiment.
The force density in electrical machines modeled as tension and pressure gradients of magnetic field lines
Authors: Mörée G. , Leijon M.
Published: February 2023

This paper shows how to model the force density in electrical machines based on the field lines of the magnetic flux density. The force density is written as two vector components: the magnetic tension force and the magnetic pressure gradient force. This approach has been applied in physics but never to forces in engineering problems. The magnetic tension force acts to straighten bent field lines, based on the curvature of the flux density. The magnetic pressure gradient force acts from regions of high flux density to regions of low flux density. Both force densities are derived from the Lorentz force using the tnb-frame of Frenet–Serret formulas and shown to be equivalent to the divergence of the Maxwell stress tensor. It is shown how the force density could describe the forces in a synchronous machine, including both the angular torque of the load and the radial forces between the rotor and the stator. It could also be linked to the power flow and thereby to the energy flux of Poynting’s vector. The force densities could be used to improve the understanding of the Maxwell stress tensor, since they are easier to illustrate as vectors compared to the matrix form of the Maxwell stress tensor. It also shows the location of the force density, which could improve the use of enclosing volumes when calculating the force based on the divergence theorem with the Maxwell stress tensor.
In situ scanning electron microscopy of hydrogen embrittlement by near atmospheric-pressure hydrogen microplasma jet
Authors: Tomatsu Kota , Aoki Takahiro , Kobayashi Kenji , Omura Tomohiko , Hatta Akimitsu
Published: February 2023

Elucidation of microstructures responsible for hydrogen embrittlement is hoped for research and development of high-strength low-alloy steel. For this purpose, a novel in situ scanning electron microscopy method of hydrogen embrittlement was developed by using a near atmospheric-pressure hydrogen microplasma jet excited by pulsed glow discharge. By the developed method, propagations of hydrogen embrittlement cracks in typical martensitic steel, Japanese Industrial Standards SCM435 steel, were successfully observed at frame rates at least up to 10.2 Hz with the same image quality as in high vacuum. The hydrogen microplasma jet neither elevated the specimen temperature nor damaged the specimen surface. Strain evolution prior to the crack propagations was also successfully observed in conjunction with the digital image correlation technique. It was found that a small electron scattering cross section of the hydrogen molecule, a large density of hydrogen ions in the near atmospheric-pressure microplasma jet, and stabilization of the glow discharge by the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope play a crucial role in the realization of the in situ observations.
Driven ion acoustic wave nonlinearities in superthermal electron plasmas
Authors: Guo Z. J. , Zhuo H. B. , Fan H. L. , Li M. Q. , Wu S. Z. , Huang T. W. , Zhang H. , Zhou C. T.
Published: February 2023

The fluid nonlinearities of driven ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in superthermal electron plasmas are investigated by fluid theory and one-dimensional fluid simulation. A kappa velocity distribution function is used to model superthermal electrons. Under the condition of small wave amplitudes, simulation results are presented to verify the conclusion of fluid theory, showing that the presence of superthermal electrons leads to stronger harmonic generation and larger nonlinear frequency shifts of IAWs. In addition, the growth rate and threshold of the IAW decay instability from simulations are well predicted by a simple three-wave fluid theory. It is shown that the nonlinear frequency shift has a significant effect on IAW decay, and for a larger population of superthermal electrons, the IAW decay has a smaller onset threshold and threshold range.
Effect of radial clearance on the dynamic behavior of adjustable journal bearings in turbulent and laminar flow regimes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Hua
Published: February 2023

Radial clearance critically affects journal bearing performance, specifically the lubrication performance. This study investigates the lubrication characteristics of a journal bearing with adjustable radial clearance and compares the dynamic behavior of the bearing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The adjustable bearing exhibits two states of oil film pressure at different radial clearances. When the radial clearance is reduced from 100%cr to 80%cr, the oil film pressure is present only on the lower bearing bush; after being reduced to 70%cr, the upper bearing bush achieves effective lubrication; and after reduction from 70%cr to 30%cr, the oil film pressure increases more than six-fold. The turbulent flow model of the clearance adjustable bearing is then established considering the lubricant flow state, and the turbulence correction factors for different flow states are calculated. The journal bearing exhibits better lubrication characteristics under laminar than under turbulent flow conditions, and in some operating conditions, the stable velocity range calculated according to laminar flow theory may become unstable in turbulent flow conditions. Therefore, applying turbulence assumptions to design the operating speed range of rotating machinery under such conditions yields a greater safety threshold, which can reduce the risk of instability. The stability of the rotor bearing system is closely related to the radial clearance, and reducing the radial clearance will improve the stability of the system. In the turbulent flow state, the oil film pressure changes drastically, thus reducing the system stability. Moreover, the larger the radial clearance of the bearing, the more prominent the turbulence effect. Thus, reducing the bearing clearance prevents drastic changes in oil film pressure and improves the stability of the system.
Effect of window layer with different growth modes on the photoelectric properties of AlGaInP LED
Authors: Xie Lanchi , Li Senlin , Bi Jingfeng , Xue Long , Wang Yahong , Lai Yucai , Liao Yinsheng , Dong Xuezhen , Yang Meijia , Wang Bo , Xiong Feibing
Published: February 2023

The AlGaInP window layers with different growth modes of Al in (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P were prepared to investigate the effect of different growth modes of Al on the photoelectric properties of red LEDs. The experimental results show that the forward voltage of (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P LEDs n-window layer with the ridge gradient Al content was 30 mV (x = 0.15) and 190 mV (x = 0.45), respectively, which are lower than that of the n-window layer without ridge gradient Al content samples. Meanwhile, the light output power of the ridge gradient Al content LED is 12.3% (x = 0.15) and 3.6% (x = 0.45) higher than that of the other two samples, respectively. Compared with the Al composition ridge gradient sample, the photoelectric efficiency is 2.45% (x = 0.15) and 5.68% (x = 0.45), respectively, due to the reduction in the voltage and the increase in the light output power.
Cooling efficiency and losses in electrocaloric materials
Authors: Zeggai N. , Dkhil B. , LoBue M. , Almanza M.
Published: February 2023

A figure of merit for assessing the cooling efficiency of electrocaloric (EC) materials is defined, where the caloric properties are taken into account jointly with the material's losses. Using a specifically developed measurement setup, based on flexible thermistances, the caloric effect and the losses are directly measured on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) electrocaloric polymer films. The data are used, jointly with our figure of merit, to extrapolate the cooling efficiency to be expected, under actual working conditions, from the studied EC material. Dielectric losses emerge as a major limiting factor for achieving the needed cooling performance. This finding shows that, beside the research for huge caloric response, material loss reduction has to be considered a key objective for researching an optimal EC refrigerant for cooling applications. Eventually, some strategies toward loss reduction are outlined.
Effects of entropy layer on the boundary layer over hypersonic blunt cones considering chemical reactions
Authors: Wang Zhe , Han Yufeng , Cao Wei
Published: February 2023

In this study, the effects of entropy layer on the boundary layer over hypersonic blunt cones for a thermochemical equilibrium gas are investigated. The flow and stability characteristics of the entropy and boundary layers are presented considering the chemical reactions. It is found that the entropy layer has little influence on the inner layer inside the boundary layer. The inner layer thickness increases when chemical equilibrium is considered, which stems from the enhanced viscosity protection near the wall surface. At the leading edge of the blunt cone, due to the effects of the equilibrium gas, the temperature in the boundary and entropy layers decreases and the boundary-layer-edge parameters significantly change. The entropy layer gradually vanishes along the downstream direction, and the effects of chemical reactions are concentrated in the boundary layer. The entropy swallowing point of the equilibrium gas does not significantly differ from that of the perfect gas. For all the analyzed cases, chemical reactions stabilize the entropy layer instability modes. The instability region and the frequency range of the equilibrium gas decrease, and the growth rate of the most unstable perturbation of the equilibrium gas is considerably smaller than that of the perfect gas. Moreover, the results show that the equilibrium gas has a minor influence on the process of the blunt cone boundary layer solution tending to the sharp cone solution.
Uniaxial stress-dependent dielectric properties and phase transitions of antiferroelectric AgNbO3
Authors: Shi Xi , Khansur Neamul H.
Published: February 2023

Antiferroelectric AgNbO3 ceramic is investigated with a focus on the effects of uniaxial compressive stress on dielectric response and phase transitions as well as its frequency-dependent ferroelastic behavior. The application of uniaxial compressive stress leads to diffused phase transitions, higher phase transition temperatures, and increased permittivity parallel to the stress application direction for low-temperature phase regions (MI, MIIa). The stress-dependent permittivity response at different phase regions reveals the influence of stress on domain wall motion and phase changes. Additionally, loading rate-dependent stress–strain measurements demonstrate easier ferroelastic domain switching under a lower loading frequency, where the coercive stress increases with frequency initially while getting saturated above 5 mHz. This study reveals the impact of external stress, which can alter the dielectric response and affect domain wall movement at different extents depending on the loading frequency and shift phase boundaries of AgNbO3, implying positive prospects of property engineering of energy storage materials by stress application.
Direct loading of Yb atoms into a 3D magneto-optical trap from a dispenser atomic source
Authors: Nomura Junia , Momma Tomohiko , Kojima Yuki , Hisai Yusuke , Kobayashi Takumi , Akamatsu Daisuke , Hong Feng-Lei
Published: February 2023

The realization of cold atoms using a compact and low-power-consumption experimental setup is indispensable for cold atom experiments, including optical clocks and quantum simulations. We demonstrate the direct loading of Yb atoms into a 3D magneto-optical trap (MOT) from a dispenser atomic source without using a Zeeman slower. The power consumption of the dispenser was ∼3 W. Spectroscopy of the atomic beam from the dispenser on the 6s2 1S0–6s6p 1P1 Yb transition at 399 nm shows that the flux of the atomic beam reaches 1.4 × 1013 s−1 cm−2. We can load up to 4.1 × 107 atoms into the MOT with slowing and trapping laser powers of 20.3 and 35.0 mW, respectively. The realized cold atom system is reliable and can be adapted for experiments on alkaline earth and other alkaline earth-like atoms.
Shape design of an artificial pump-lung using high-resolution hemodynamic simulation with high-performance computing
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Hairong , Yan Zhengzheng , Chen Rongliang
Published: February 2023

Accurate and fast prediction of the hemodynamics of the artificial pump-lung is critical in the design process. In this study, a comprehensive computational framework, including a sliding mesh method, a coupled free flow and porous media flow model, a hemolysis prediction method, a k−ω shear stress transport turbulence model, and solution algorithms, is introduced to accurately predict the velocity field, pressure heads, and hemolysis. The framework is used to do the shape design of an artificial pump-lung on a supercomputer. High-resolution hemodynamics simulation results are obtained and analyzed, and the parallel performance of the algorithm is studied. The numerical results indicate that the proposed framework is capable of accurately predicting the velocity field, pressure heads, and hemolysis, and the performance of the designed artificial pump-lung meets the biocompatibility requirements. Additionally, the parallel performance results demonstrate the potential of the framework to efficiently perform the design of artificial pump-lungs using a large number of processors.