bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mítosz két keréken
Authors: Takács László
Published: April 2022

One of Dezső Kosztolányi’s early short stories, titled Kifelé (Outward-bound), was published in 1904 in a provincial paper called Szeged és Vidéke. Kosztolányi later included this early piece of writing in a compilation of short stories. In this publication the story was given a new title, namely, Károly apja (Charles’s Father). The plot centers on two sculptors, father and son, who can be considered representatives of opposing generations. On returning home from Paris, the son realises that his father does not create sculptures any longer but has become addicted to alcohol. Károly (Charles) the younger, who is still enthusiastic about his experiences in the French capital, would do anything to revitalise his father and restore his earlier vigor. Several of Károly junior’s attempts fail until one day he manages to teach his father to ride the bicycle. He assists his father’s escape from hospital and then they cycle together at such a speed that Károly’s father loses control over the vehicle. He finally plummets into the river and drowns. Kosztolányi’s intention when writing the story was – as stated in his correspondence – to highlight the generation gap experience. He did not refer to Ovidius in his correspondence at all, or mention the fact that he was reading Ovidius’s Metamorphoses at the time, whose storyline was very similar. This paper aims to explain how Kosztolányi reshapes classical sources by merging two well-known stories of the famous Roman poet: that of Pygmalion, who gave life to a statue, and that of Daedalus, who was trying to flee with his son, Icarus, on wings. But Kosztolányi does not simply merge these stories, he transforms them instead. Károly junior is, on the one hand, a Pygmalion who is trying very hard to keep his father alive, while his father is gradually turning into a dead statue. On the other hand, he resembles Icarus, who rescues his father from a prison-like life by driving him into the freedom of death.
Az első világháború a prózairodalomban
Authors: Szegedy-Maszák Mihály
Published: April 2022

Since most of the leading Hungarian writers of the early twentieth century refused to participate in World War I, the most interesting Hungarian document is Noirmoutier (The Black Monastery) by the Transsylvanian Aladár Kuncz (1886–1931), published shorty before the death of its author. When the war was declared, he was in Brittany. Kuncz and some of his compatriots were interned, and his book is a narrative of captivity. Despite his sufferings, he never lost his great admiration for French culture. Among the German authors who fought in the war, Ernst Jünger (1895–1998), the author of Stahlgewittern (Storm of Steel, 1920), one of the most imaginative prose works about the war, expressed his unqualified respect for the ”enemy”. It is a difficult question to what extent the horror of the trench led some writers to political extremes. Henry Barbusse (1873–1935) became a Communist, whereas Louis-Ferdinand Céline (1894–1961) and Pierre Drieu la Rochelle (1893–1945) decided to support the pro-German régime during World War II. A somewhat comparable disillusion was expressed by Ford Madox Ford (1873–1939) in his novel tetralogy Parade’s End (1924–28). The conclusion is inescapable: Europe committed suicide in1914, as the Hungarian poet and novelist Dezső Kosztolányi (1885–1936) declared when the war broke out.
1814–1914. A nagy háborúk kritikája a háborús eufória árnyékában
Authors: Kovács Kálmán
Published: April 2022

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s festival piece Des Epimenides Erwachen [The awakening of Epimenides], 1815, and Gerhart Hauptmann’s work entitled Festspiel in deutschen Reimen [Commemoration Masque], can be connected to the First World War only indirectly. While the former was created for the ceremony celebrating the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the latter was made for its centenary. Yet, both are in connection with the First World War, since in Europe before 1914, it was the Napoleonic Wars which meant the experience of a great war. Hauptmann’s play consciously relates to Goethe’s text and it was constitutive of the social discourse prior to the outbreak of the First World War.
Populáris irodalom és háborús erőfeszítés
Authors: Kálai Sándor
Published: April 2022

Analysing representations of war, we tend to consult “canonized” texts, forgetting that authors of popular literature can also add important aspects to the topic. Thisessay explores this slice of literature through one particular case. In 1917 and 1918, Gustave Le Rouge, one of the most original and productive authors of French popular literature, published five short stories in a series called Patrie (Homeland) by Rouff publisher. In the first part of the essay, I discuss the portrayal of the characters and the representations of war in the texts, while the second part focuses on the various levels of narration and literary communication, especially on the vehicle and the forms of blended written and visual codes.
A harctéri idegsokkos katona és az úriasszony különös találkozása
Authors: Takács Miklós
Published: April 2022

Virginia Woolf ’s novel Mrs Dalloway is regarded as a very important work both in gender and in trauma studies. The present article provides an overview of the cultural history of the interwar period, in order to answer the question why the modernist novel used to be the only possible forum for public talking about trauma at that time. Modernist literature and the rhetoric of the trauma most probably have a lot in common and these analogies become apparent when studying the reception history of Mrs Dalloway. My close reading of the novel works not only within the framework of trauma studies but I also intend to operate with new theoretical contexts, such as the poetics of metamorphoses and theories on the social construction of time regimes. The two protagonists of the novel, Clarissa and Septimus never meet in the story, yet one may perceive a certain communication between them, enabled by the feeling of empathy. Empathy can, as I finally conclude on the basis of the poetics of the novel, temporarily function as a substitute transcendence in the age of modernity.
Az erdélyi gyerekirodalom története a rendszerváltástól napjainkig
Authors: Makkai Kinga
Published: April 2022

The study examines the changes in Transylvanian children’s literature from the regime change up until today. In the past nearly thirty years the two separate literary periods were differentiated by the so called “new middle generation”, the literary period that emerged in the end of the first decade of the 21st century and which period saw the “the boom of children’s literature”. Although the continuous presence of the outstanding representatives - who started their work before the regime change - in the Transylvanian children’s literary common knowledge significantly join the two periods, yet those new plot, formal and linguistic characteristics that contributed to the renewal of children’s literature in the past two decades are demonstrable.
A mesék és a történetmondás szerepe és jelentősége a bibliai hagyományban
Authors: Kustárné Almási Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2022

Stories inseparably belong to the human existence: without them a person becomes rootless, and their identity becomes uncertain. However, stories can be varied in terms of their genre or content, as we have ordinary, family stories, or stories that preserve/reveal the identity of a society or community, and there are those ancient, sacred stories that try to explain the origin and meaning of human existence and for that reason they are preserved by the collective conscious of humanity. One thing is certain: every culture, religion, even the faith of the individual depend on whether the experience and knowledge preserved in the stories are passed on or become forgotten.
Tradíció és transzmediáció
Authors: Kérchy Anna
Published: April 2022

The essay provides a brief overview of the changing literary critical definitions and cultural evaluation of fairy tales. I argue that the most remarkable feature of this heterogeneous textual corpus resides in the affective narratological potential to stimulate wonder, to activate the imaginative aspect of the mind. The fantastic vision of a fictional alternate universe enchants readers by suspending the natural physical laws and rational logic of ordinary consensus reality. But it also provides pragmatic assistance in understanding the perplexing complexity of human existence and the diverse thought systems attempting to make sense of it. Postmillennial transmediation tendencies expand the fairy-tale web with a dizzying variety of new forms, yet the genre’s traditional merits prevail in the celebration of empathy, solidarity, social justice, and a relentless optimism against all odds.
Az interaktív mesekönyv medialitása
Authors: Varga Emőke
Published: April 2022

The study will discuss the definitive, disciplinary and medial aspects of the interactive story book, which is a genre having only a few years of history. The question about the correlation of lingual and image mediums, based on theories that present a formal link between still images and written word by the text-image researches, is described with the category of inter-references. In both cases the text and its illustration – the motion picture and the voice - are detached, the receiver is able to separate these media explicitly while experiencing their coherence at the same time. In interactive story books, to compare with traditional picture-books, the inter-references are multiplied, because in these mobile applications the written and vocal modus of lingual medium are cooperating with the still and moving modus of the image illustration. Through the adaptation of The Little Red Riding Hood and other international and Hungarian applications the study discusses how these relationships are created in three correlating layers, and in a fourth one, in the sub-classic layer and also models the two extreme poles of the semantic relationships of the media.
Kívülállók, varázslók, disztópiák
Authors: Torbó Annamária
Published: April 2022

Young adult (YA ) is a determinative contemporary pop culture term, mostly known from the movie industry. However, it is originally a literary category that emerged in the 1960s. In the first section of the study I argue for an age-framework for ”teenager”, as a distinctive age group. Then I introduce the antecedents and bestsellers of YA from the very first books (The Outsiders, The Contender) through the first golden age (Are You There God, It’s Me Margarete, Chocolate War) to the current flourishing, while using the best-known novel adaptations from the screen of the cinema and television. Besides the biggest fantasy and science fiction blockbusters (Harry Potter, Twilight, The Hunger Games) the study covers realistic YA media texts (The Fault in Our Stars, The Hate U Give, 13 Reasons Why) as well. The most successful Hungarian authors and titles are also introduced. In my study one of the research questions I try to answer is what genres do these texts use and what are the main narrative and thematic characteristics of YA ? Finally, I also try to give an answer for the question whether the future of YA is doomed or not.
„Valami bűzlik Dániában”
Authors: Kovács Gergely
Published: April 2022

Even though Denmark is considered to be one of the happiest countries, one of the unhappiest teenage stories originates from there. In Janne Teller’s first scandalous then successful youth novel a fourteen-year-old boy claims that it is not worth doing anything as nothing matters, so his classmates started a collecting game to prove him the opposite, ending up in tragic sacrifices. This essay examines the novel from the perspective of meaningful activities, based on Mihály Csíkszentmihályi’s studies titled The Meaning of Things, Being Adolescent, and Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. The study also compares the novel to the well-known youth story The Boys of Paul Street by Ferenc Molnár, as both works depict the teenagers’ struggles to adapt to the adults’ controversial expectations.
Kortárs és ifjúsági
Authors: Fenyő D. György
Published: April 2022

It is pivotal for contemporary youth literature to be made part of the curriculum, however, it is unnecessary for the education politics to canonise any of them. Contemporary novels give opportunity to discuss important psychological, social, ideological and artistic issues. Within the framework of problem-centred education they prioritise the processed issue besides the aesthetic quality and linguistic accessibility. Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time provides excellent opportunity to discuss the problems of people with autism and it is also suitable to improve empathy towards them, their families and parents. The study includes a detailed plan for discussion, the questions and exercises are ordered to follow the process of constructive pedagogy: tuning up – creation of meaning – reflection.
Is the Extraction of Fossil Mammoth Bone a Form of Traditional Nature Management?
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North–Siberian Branch RAS, Vasilyeva Olga V.
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to solving the question of whether it is possible to consider the extraction of mammoth bone as one of the types of traditional nature management of the indigenous peoples of the North. The solution to the problem is considered on the part of three criteria — the formation of a tradition of economic activity within an ethnic group, the focus of economic activity on use for their own needs, a balanced approach ensuring sustainable environmental management. As a result, the author concludes that the extraction of mammoth bone is a type of activity that cannot be called fully consistent with the criteria for traditional nature management. At the same time, in the article, the author proposes to consider broader the concept of traditional nature management in the modern capitalist world, supplementing it with a view from the world-system analysis of the dichotomy of traditional and capitalist society.
Technische versus Personelle Sicherheit
Authors: Rupprecht Reinhard
Published: April 2022

Die Frage, ob Prävention zur Abwehr krimineller Angriffe besser durch technische oder durch personelle Sicherheit erreicht werden kann, ist nicht neu. Aber sie muss im Einzelfall immer wieder neu gestellt und beantwortet werden, weil sich die Rahmenbedingungen für die Entscheidung verändern.
Monovalentes Wärmenetz – ein Risiko?
Authors: König Klaus W.
Published: April 2022

Das neue Wärmenetz einer Jugendhilfeeinrichtung in Schopfheim-Schweigmatt, auf den Höhen des Südschwarzwaldes: So unkonventionell wie der Planungsverlauf ist auch das Ergebnis. Nach zwei Heizperioden äußert sich die fachkundige Bauherrschaft zu den Erfahrungen ihrer speziellen Bau- und Betriebsweise.
Arbeitsschutz 2022: aufgewertet oder ausgelaugt?
Authors: Röhner Juliane
Published: April 2022

Seit nunmehr zwei Jahren erlebt der Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz in den Unternehmen und im öffentlichen Interesse eine nie dagewesene Aufmerksamkeit. Fach- und Führungskräfte agieren im Spannungsfeld einer weltweiten Pandemie: Im stetigen Wechsel strikter Vorsicht und umsichtigem Weitermachen stieg nicht nur der Druck und die Arbeitsbelastung der HSE-Verantwortlichen, sondern auch die Anerkennung für ihren täglichen Einsatz. Das war das Ergebnis des Safety Management Trend Reports 2021. Die Branchenstudie wird jährlich von Quentic, einem der führenden Anbieter für Software as a Service für Arbeitssicherheit, Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement, herausgegeben. Für den Trendausblick im Jahr 2022 untersuchte Quentic nun, wie stark diese Entwicklungen das Berufsfeld weiter beeinflussen und wie sehr andere strategische Einflüsse wie die Digitalisierung und Kriterien der nachhaltigen Unternehmensführung den Arbeitsschutz in Zukunft prägen.
SINKRONISASI PROGRAM PEMANFAATAN RUANG (SPPR) BERBASIS RENCANA TATA RUANG DI KABUPATEN BINTAN SEBAGAI PEDOMAN DALAM PENYUSUNAN RENCANA KERJA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BINTAN
Authors: Riawan Weldy Anugra
Published: April 2022

Sesuai amanat Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penataan Ruang bahwa Pemerintah Daerah perlu melakukan sinkronisasi program pemanfaatan ruang (SPPR) dengan mengacu sinkronisasi program yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah. Output kegiatan tersebut dapat menjadi masukan dalam penyusunan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah dan menjadi masukan dalam penyusunan visi misi Kepala Daerah dan RPJMD. Pelaksanaan keterpaduan pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Bintan masih mengalami berbagai permasalahan antara lain belum fokusnya sasaran kewilayahan yang akan didorong pembangunan infrastrukturnya, belum sinergisnya program pembangunan infrastruktur antar Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bintan serta belum efektifnya sistem penganggaran pembangunan infrastruktur. Untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan sinkronisasi program pemanfaatan ruang tahunan/jangka pendek yang merupakan dokumen integrasi antara rencana pembangunan daerah Kabupaten Bintan Tahun 2023 mendatang dengan rencana spasial sebagai dasar penyusunan rencana pembangunan infrastruktur bagi OPD agar sesuai dengan dokumen RTRW Kabupaten Bintan. Hal ini dilakukan agar fokus sasaran kewilayahan dan sinergitas program pembangunan infrastruktur dapat tercapai.Â Â
IMPLEMENTASI PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP (PPP) DALAM PELESTARIAN KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA PERKOTAAN
Authors: Christin Dameria , Petrus Indradjati Natalivan
Published: April 2022

Once the central of economic, urban heritage has been experiencing physical degradation thus abandoned. However, urban heritage conservation is almost impossible if relying on government resources solely. Public-Partner-Partnership (PPP) has been seen as the right approach to solve the problem. This paper argues that the partnership should be carefully reviewed when implemented in the urban heritage conservation context. Other than the size of the program is smaller and specific, the partnership must also consider the area context, the vulnerability of the area, and the presence of people who live and carry out activities in the area. Therefore, there are requirements when adopting PPP in the urban heritage conservation context, namely: (1) entrepreneurial government, as a public sector, who can create an efficient and adaptive bureaucracy, must also have strong leadership in managing conflict of interest among the stakeholder, especially due to the involvement of profit oriented private sectors; (2) market orientation of the private sector must appreciate the cultural significant values of urban heritage and place the community as more than just consumers; (3) the community, as the third sector, must have a clear position in the partnership and be accompanied by a mediator who can also protect the interest of the community.Â
Influence of layer bonding on compressive strength of 3D printed structure: An experimental study
Authors: Ali Hind B. , Alazawi Dalia R.
Published: April 2022

The impact of 3D printing parameters is critical for expanding the application of technology in the design and construction. The effect of bonding layers on the compressive strength of the material is investigated in this research by variation of the layer thickness and print speed. Cube specimens with layer thicknesses ranging from 0.05 to 0.3mm and print rates of 40mm/s, were tested on compression with the DARTEC test equipment. It was found that layer thicknesses of 0.05mm and 0.15mm have similar elastic properties while the 0.15mm layer can take additional load after initial plastic deformation. Layer thickness of 0.30mm has significantly lower elastic zone load capacity, but the stress in plastic zone continue to grow. The findings are of great importance for in explaining the S-N curve in order to enhance part manufacture.
Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nano particles Mediated by Extract of Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Fruit Pith
Authors:   Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Physics, Govt Arts College C.Mutlur, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India-608102, Velmurugan Dr. S
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a necessary field of applied science. Biological method for synthesis of AgNPs by cucurbita maxima fruit pith extracts was used. The AgNPs were identified by UV–visible spectrometry; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The presence of surface plasmon band around 420 nm indicates AgNPs formation. Parameter optimization showed the smallest size of AgNPs (2.86 ± 0.3 nm) was obtained with 0.1 M AgNO3 at 40oC. The present study provides the proof that the molecules within aqueous cucurbita maxima fruit pith extracts facilitate synthesis of AgNPs and highlight on value-added from cucurbita maxima fruit pith and fruit peel extracts for cost effectiveness. Also, eco-friendly medical and nanotechnologybased industries could also be provided. Size of prepared AgNPs could be controlled by temperature and AgNO3 concentration. Further studies are required to study effect of more parameters on size and morphology of AgNPs as this will help in the control of large scale production of biogenic AgNPs. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are screened antibacterial activities
Long-range Dependencies Learning Based on Non-Local 1D-Convolutional Neural Network for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Zhiliang , Ai Ting
Published: April 2022

In the field of data-driven bearing fault diagnosis, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely researched and applied due to its superior feature extraction and classification ability. However, the convolutional operation could only process a local neighborhood at a time and thus lack ability of capturing long-range dependencies. Therefore, building an efficient learning method for long-range dependencies is crucial to comprehend and express signal features considering that the vibration signals obtained in a real industrial environment always have strong instability, periodicity, and temporal correlation. This paper introduces non-local mean to the CNN and presents 1D non-local block (1D-NLB) to extract long-range dependencies. The 1D-NLB computes the response at a position as a weighted average value of the features at all positions. Based on it, we propose a non-local 1D convolutional neural network (NL-1DCNN) aiming at rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Furthermore, the 1D-NLB could be simply plugged into most existing deep learning architecture to improve their fault diagnosis ability. Under multiple noise conditions, the 1D-NLB improves the performance of the CNN on the wheelset bearing dataset of high-speed train and the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset. The experiment results show that the NL-1DCNN exhibits superior results compared with six state-of-the-art fault diagnosis methods.
Principles Of Appropriateness In The Indonesian Insurance Legal System: Study On Demutualization In The Globalization Flow.
Authors: RASTUTI Tuti
Published: April 2022

This study examines the application of the principle of decency in the insurance system. The research is descriptive-analytical, which describes the legal insurance system as an object regarding realizing consumer protection for the welfare of the people. The normative juridical approach using the theory of the welfare state, justice, and development law is used as a reference to examine the legal insurance system. The study results show that the application of the principle of propriety has only reached the level of legal substance, which is still chaos, while the other two elements, namely the legal structure and legal culture, are still far from the nature of the legal objectives. Therefore, the concept of the principle of propriety of Indonesian personality is proposed to actualize the legal values that live in society. Furthermore, insurance activities based on the principles of economic democracy are believed to foster public trust as social capital for the development of the insurance system.
Theological and Ethical Reflections on Care for Widows from an African Christian Perspective
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: April 2022

This paper is a literature-based study that offers a critical analysis of widowhood from biblical and traditional African socio-cultural perspectives. The paper anlayzed Scriptures on God’s standards for caring for widows and books, journal articles, and dissertations on widowhood in Africa and found that widowhood in most African societies is characterized by unethical rituals, mandatory remarriages, harassment, denial, solitude, impoverishment, loss of social status, and depression as well as financial, sexual and social exploitations. Having offered theological and ethical reflections on the care for widows from the African Christian perspective, the paper suggested that the church must allocate a substantial part of its income to help the needy in general, more so widows. Traditional authorities are also encouraged to eliminate/modify unethical widowhood practices. The paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly discourse on African cultural transformation and female empowerment from an African Christian perspective. Keywords: Africa, Christianity, Ethical, Theological, Widows, Widowhood
A BL Lacertae Object at a Cosmic Age of 800 Myr
Authors: Koptelova Ekaterina , Hwang Chorng-Yuan
Published: April 2022

We report the discovery of the BL Lacertae object FIRST J233153.20+112952.11 at redshift >6 using near-infrared spectroscopy and broadband observations in the infrared, submillimeter, and radio wavelengths. The detection of the continuum break at ∼0.92 μm in the near-infrared spectrum of FIRST J233153.20+112952.11 provides an approximate redshift of 6.57, corresponding to an age of the universe of ∼800 Myr. The rest-frame UV/optical spectrum of FIRST J233153.20+112952.11 shows no emission lines detected with equivalent width >1.5 Å. The nondetection of the C iv
λ1549 broad emission line constrains the luminosity of the accretion disk to be ≲1045 erg s−1, which corresponds to the radiatively inefficient accretion regime of BL Lacertae objects. The spectral index of the rest-frame UV/optical continuum, α

ν,opt = 1.43 ± 0.23, is consistent with the expected spectral index of the synchrotron emission spectrum of the relativistic jet. The flat radio continuum (α

ν,r
≈ 0) in a rest-frame frequency interval of 7–23 GHz is similar to that of the typical BL Lacertae objects and also consistent with originating from the synchrotron jet emission. The rest-frame UV/optical and radio fluxes of FIRST J233153.20+112952.11 show significant (15%–40%) variations. The shortest recorded rest-frame timescale of these variations is ∼8 days. Assuming the local scaling relation between the radio luminosity and black hole mass, the 5 GHz radio luminosity of FIRST J233153.20+112952.11, 1.6 × 1033 erg s−1 Hz−1, suggests a billion solar mass central supermassive black hole.
Correlation between Catch-up Growth in Early Childhood with Cognitive Ability among School-Aged Children (10–12 Years): A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Marjan Avliya Quratul , Sartika Ratu
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Children’s cognitive abilities are influenced by the nutritional condition of children in early childhood. Catch-up growth in early childhood affects cognitive abilities at school age.

AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of catch-up growth in early childhood on the cognitive abilities of school-aged children in Indonesia.

METHODS: This study was a cohort study incorporating 10 years of follow-up using three waves of secondary data (1997, 2000, and 2007) from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. Research studies and data analysis were carried out from April to September 2021. The initial data collection of the study was conducted in 1997 when the children were 0–23 months old, then followed in 2000 (age 3–5 years) and 2007 (age 10–12 years). The study subjects were 537 children aged 0–23 months in 1997. Cognitive ability was measured using the Raven Progressive Matrices method. Statistical analysis for cognitive ability scores with catch-up growth was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis using the generalized linear model.

RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the cognitive ability scores of normal children and stunted children who did not experience catch-up growth (p<0.001), but the cognitive scores of normal children are not significantly different from the stunting catch-up growth group. Other factors that affect the cognitive ability score were as follows: (1) Child factors consist of child stunting status, head circumference, hemoglobin levels, duration of breastfeeding, and complete basic immunization history; (2) parental factors such as father’s occupation, parental education, and number of parity; (3) household socioeconomic factors (household income and wealth index); and (4) environmental factors (housing area, father’s smoking habit, defecation facilities, and household drinking water sources).

CONCLUSION: Cognitive abilities of school-age children were most influenced by catch-up growth, stunting status, duration of breastfeeding, number of parity, father’s education, father’s occupation, and father’s smoking habit. Children who experience catch-up growth have better cognitive abilities than stunted non-catch-up group or who experience stunting during early life.
Length–weight relations of ten freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Atsuya , Tabata Kota , Fukushige Tomohiro , Inoue Takuya , Furutsu Hiroaki , Hiroya Michihisa , Kanaiwa Minoru
Published: April 2022

Length–weight relations (LWRs) were estimated for ten freshwater fish species such as gin-buna, Carassius langsdorfii Temminck et Schlegel, 1846; lake minnow, Rhynchocypris percnura (Pallas, 1814); Siberian loach, Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869); Japanese smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963; masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856); rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792); whitespotted char, Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814); ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758); hana-kajika, Cottus nozawae Synder, 1911; and a species of goby Rhinogobius sp. Specimens were collected once a month except in the snow season from the Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, between June 2007 and November 2011. Fishes were captured by an electrofishing device (Smith–Root Inc., Model 12-b). The estimated allometric coefficient b values ranged from 2.790 (ninespine stickleback) to 3.294 (hana-kajika), and r2 values ranged from 0.772 (lake minnow) to 0.994 (goby). All the LWRs were highly significant, with P < 0.001. Besides, the study provides the first estimates of LWRs for the Siberian loach, Japanese smelt, masu salmon, whitespotted char, hana-kajika, and the goby.
Early teleost otolith morphogenesis observed in the Jurassic of Franconia, Bavaria, southern Germany
Authors: Schwarzhans Werner , Keupp Helmut
Published: April 2022

The otoliths described in this study are from the late Pliensbachian of the Buttenheim clay pit near Bamberg, Franconia, northern Bavaria, and represent one of the earliest teleost otolith assemblages known so far. A total of 351 otoliths have been recovered, many of which are well-preserved and of sizes that indicate they originated from adult specimens and can be considered morphologically mature. The assemblage contains seven species, four of them stem teleosts of the genus Leptolepis and three from the enigmatic otolith-based genus Archaeotolithus, which cannot be attributed to a firm systematic position. We describe three species as new: Leptolepis buttenheimensissp. nov., Leptolepis steberaesp. nov. and Archaeotolithus doppelsteinisp. nov. In addition, we review 49 otoliths from the original material of Schröder’s (1956) publication that were uncovered at the University of Erlangen. This material stems from the late Toarcian/early Aalenian and early Callovian of Franconia. In this review, we accept only a few of the species described by Schröder as valid. The otolith associations from the Early and Middle Jurassic of Franconia, in combination with previously published material, allow for an assessment of the morphogenesis of early teleost otoliths. Early Jurassic teleost otoliths are represented by a few common and long-ranging species. A sudden burst in otolith diversity seems to have occurred during the Middle Jurassic and is first evident in the Bathonian.
Inrêvable et néo-contenant narratif en thérapie familiale
Authors: Benghozi Pierre
Published: April 2022

Dans la clinique psychanalytique des « pathologies de contenant généalogique », le processus narratif en thérapie familiale psychanalytique permet l’émergence d’un néocontenant narratif. Dans cet article, l’auteur part d’une séquence de thérapie familiale psychanalytique pour présenter les notions de remaillage narratif des contenants familiaux effractés. Le néo-contenant narratif a une fonction thérapeutique d’étayage et de reprise du contenant généalogique démaillé, troué ou déchiré. C’est l’expression, au niveau topique du préconscient groupal, d’une corêverie groupale famille-thérapeutes. Cette approche témoigne d’une créativité alternative par rapport à la clinique du refoulement et de l’interprétation. Elle suppose une nouvelle posture psychanalytique, celle de l’accueil et de l’étayage. L’auteur l’illustre avec un exemple mobilisant un objet médiateur narratif.
Ariès : entre histoire, philosophie sociale et connaissance ordinaire des enfants
Authors: Garnier Pascale
Published: April 2022

L’ouvrage d’Ariès, L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’ancien régime , a ouvert un nouveau champ de recherche dans le domaine des sciences sociales, emportant un large succès public, en même temps que sa thèse d’une « découverte de l’enfance » suscitait de nombreuses critiques scientifiques. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser un vaste corpus de ces critiques pour comprendre les opérations historiographiques mises en jeu par l’historien afin de donner une histoire à l’enfance. Nous en soulignons ici deux principales dimensions, d’une part, l’importance d’une philosophie sociale privilégiant un ordre domestique qui favorisait un mélange des âges ; d’autre part, la construction de l’enfance comme un ensemble d’attributs différenciés de ceux impartis aux adultes, à partir d’une connaissance ordinaire, de sens commun, des enfants. L’analyse ouvre ainsi une perspective heuristique pour comprendre les tensions qui traversent aujourd’hui les classements d’âge.
La parentalité pendant les années d’école maternelle : le point de vue de mères et de pères de CSP+ en REP
Authors: Picart Anne-Gaëlle , Bergonnier-Dupuy Geneviève
Published: April 2022

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche visant à éclairer ce qui se joue en termes de parentalité à l’entrée de l’enfant dans l’univers scolaire. 34 entretiens ont été effectués auprès de mères et de pères, majoritairement de CSP+, dont les enfants fréquentent une école maternelle publique dans un quartier parisien situé en réseau d’éducation prioritaire (REP). Les résultats montrent que, si tou·te·s sont engagé·e·s dans une course au temps quotidienne, appliquant un planning « au cordeau », ce sont surtout les femmes qui organisent la vie familiale. Concernant l’école, les mères paraissent focalisées sur l’expérience actuelle de l’enfant tandis que les pères anticipent avec appréhension son passage au collège, dès l’école maternelle. Enfin, les femmes, plus encore que les hommes, témoignent d’une parentalité réflexive, basée sur la compréhension de soi et de l’enfant et engageant la responsabilité personnelle.
Les contributions de la Chine au financement et à la réalisation des infrastructures en Afrique
Authors: Aurégan Xavier
Published: April 2022

En Afrique, si les besoins en infrastructures sont incommensurables, les besoins en financement le sont tout autant. Parmi les principaux bailleurs de fonds, la Chine et ses acteurs ont la particularité de pouvoir construire en Afrique l'infrastructure qu'ils financent. Cet article explore plusieurs sources statistiques nationales, régionales et internationales pour évaluer la contribution des acteurs chinois au financement et à la réalisation des infrastructures africaines. Notre étude démontre qu’ils interviennent principalement par le biais des prestations de services, que leurs interventions ne sont pas différentes de celles des autres et qu’elles sont majoritairement orientées vers les transports en Afrique de l'Ouest. Dans ce contexte, la Chine et ses représentants reproduisent-ils un modèle de développement inégal ? Classification JEL : F5, N4, N73, O1
L’accès aux produits financiers formels et le genre en Afrique de l’Ouest : quels sont les facteurs discriminants ?
Authors: Loaba Salamata
Published: April 2022

Cet article identifie les facteurs socio-économiques qui expliquent la différence d’accès aux produits financiers formels entre hommes et femmes. Un modèle probit et la méthode de décomposition d’Oaxaca-Blinder sont utilisés sur un échantillon de 6 392 observations de la base de données Findex (2017). Les résultats indiquent une différence d’accès à un compte, expliquée (82 % pour le compte formel, 70,9 % pour le compte mobile money ) par le plus faible niveau d’études des femmes par rapport à celui des hommes, leur faible participation au marché du travail, leur faible niveau de revenu et leur accès limité au téléphone mobile. Classification JEL : G2, J71, J16, I2, 055
Accès à l’électricité et déforestation dans les pays en développement
Authors: Bakehe Novice Patrick
Published: April 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à l’effet de l’accès à l’électricité sur la déforestation à partir d’un échantillon de 87 pays en développement pour la période 1990- 2015. Nos résultats montrent que l’amélioration de l’accès à l’électricité réduit le taux de déforestation. Toutefois, en divisant l’échantillon en trois groupes de pays, nous trouvons qu’il n’y a pas d’impact significatif de l’accès à l’électricité sur la déforestation en Afrique subsaharienne. Ce dernier résultat peut être expliqué soit par le prix de l’électricité qui ne permet pas aux populations de gravir l’« échelle énergétique », soit par l’effet-rebond qui rend l’activité agricole plus attrayante. Classification JEL : P28, O13, Q51
Dramatique personnelle de la quête d’immédiateté de Dieu
Authors: Nussbaumer Jacques
Published: April 2022

Analyser la question de l’immédiateté de Dieu en regard avec le développement du fondamentalisme permet de clarifier les modalités de cette « immédiateté », mais aussi d’interroger les institutions ecclésiales et académiques sur leur capacité à en rendre compte d’une manière qui réponde aux besoins vitaux de la foi. Partant de la quête contemporaine d’immédiateté de Dieu, cet article explore les ressources de l’approche dramatique et de la grammaire trinitaire tant pour exposer les impasses de certaines quêtes spirituelles que pour ouvrir un chemin d’intelligibilité propre à l’existence chrétienne.
Dieu, seule détermination de l’espérance en des situations fermées
Authors: Durand Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

En des situations fermées, lorsque le salut n’est plus représentable hic et nunc , l’espérance est cruciale pour traverser la mise en impasse des possibles anticipés et des espoirs brisés. Dans les obscurités de ce monde-ci et les délais du temps présent, l’immédiateté de Dieu est la seule détermination du sujet qui espère un impossible ouvert, non objectivable. Toutefois, une telle immédiateté permet d’ouvrir les yeux sur des relais humains et elle peut être déclinée de façon trinitaire.
Topography-Guided FS-LASIK With PAE Algorithm and Sirius Tomography Data for Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Yuan Yifei , Zhang Yu , Sun Tong , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhao Xiaorui , Chen Yueguo
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:

To compare the clinical outcomes after topography-guided and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) planned with the Phorcides Analytic Engine (PAE) algorithm system and Sirius tomography data for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism when the ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) was great or not.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, a total of 163 eyes with myopia and myopic astigmatism (99 patients) were included. Eyes with myopic astigmatism and high ORA of 0.75 diopters (D) or greater were assigned to the high ORA group and the others to the low ORA group. All surgeries were performed by topography-guided FS-LASIK planned with a PAE algorithm system. PAE took anterior and posterior corneal negative cylinder of the 5-mm zone from the Sirius combined topography and tomography. Refractive and visual outcomes, vector analysis, and corneal aberrations were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:

At 6 months postoperatively, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/16 or better was measured in 59% of eyes in the high ORA group and 66% of eyes in the low ORA group (
P
= .307). Postoperative corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent, refractive astigmatism, target induced astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism, and difference vector were similar between the two groups (
P
> .05). The postoperative corneal astigmatism was significantly higher in the high ORA group (
P
= .008), and the high ORA group over-corrected astigmatism with the rule and showed a higher correction index (
P
= .003) compared with the low ORA group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Topography-guided FS-LASIK with PAE algorithm and Sirius combined topography and tomography data for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism achieved the predicted surgical outcomes and there was a tendency to have a similar clinical outcome for PAE when the ORA was great or not. However, the PAE with high ORA overcorrected astigmatism with-the-rule and showed a higher correction index compared with the low ORA group.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(4):235–242.]
Management of Anterior Stromal Necrosis After Polymethylmethacrylate ICRS: Explantation Versus Exchange With Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments
Authors: Kozhaya Karim , Mehanna Carl Joe , Jacob Soosan , Saad Alain , Jabbur Nada S. , Awwad Shady T.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:

To evaluate management of keratoconic eyes with anterior stromal necrosis overlying the intracorneal ring segment (ICRS), by either ICRS explantation alone or exchange with corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS).

METHODS:

Among 643 Intacs SK (Additional Technology, Inc) inserted at one institutional center, 16 eyes (15 patients) with overlying spontaneous anterior stromal necrosis were identified. Data included size of stromal defect and refractive and topographical findings before ICRS insertion, before anterior stromal necrosis, and 6 months after intervention.

RESULTS:

The 10-year incidence of anterior stromal necrosis after femtosecond laser–assisted ICRS insertion was 5.5%. Eight eyes underwent ICRS removal only and 8 eyes had ICRS exchanged with CAIRS. In the first group, CDVA worsened from 0.14 before melt to 0.28 logMAR after removal (
P
= .10), simulated keratometry (SimK) and maximum axial keratometry (Kmax) increased from 44.73 to 46.34 diopters (D) (
P
= .14) and from 49.23 to 52.26 D (
P
= .14), respectively, and coma worsened from 0.87 to 1.52 D (
P
= .02). In the CAIRS group, CDVA of 0.16 before melt improved to 0.11 logMAR postoperatively (
P
> .99), and topographic indices stabilized with SimK, Kmax, and coma mildly altering from 45.31 to 45.44 D (
P
> .99), from 49.25 to 49.64 D (
P
> .99) and from 0.87 to 0.81 D (
P
> .99), respectively. Whether the ICRS were explanted or exchanged, the visual and topographic mean values were better than those reported before ICRS implantation, whereas higher order aberrations in eyes without CAIRS regressed to levels before ICRS insertion. At the site of melt, thinnest residual stromal thickness averaged 327 µm with ICRS removal and 490 µm with CAIRS. Eyes with larger melt areas resulted in less optimal results with CAIRS implantation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early experience in the management of anterior stromal necrosis by exchange of polymethylmethacrylate ICRS with CAIRS seems to avoid stromal thinning and confer better visual and topographic results, which were more pronounced with thicker segments. The benefit of CAIRS in large stromal melts needs to be investigated.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(4):256–263.]
Validation of corporate probability of default models considering alternative use cases and the quantification of model risk
Authors: Jr. Michael Jacobs
Published: April 2022

In this study we consider the construction of through-the-cycle ("TTC") probability-of-default ("PD") models designed for credit underwriting uses and point-in-time ("PIT") PD models suitable for early warning uses, considering which validation elements should be emphasized in each case. We build PD models using a long history of large corporate firms sourced from Moody's, with a large number of financial, equity market and macroeconomic candidate explanatory variables. We construct a Merton model-style distance-to-default ("DTD") measure and build hybrid structural and reduced-form models to compare with the financial ratio and macroeconomic variable-only models. In the hybrid models, the financial and macroeconomic explanatory variables still enter significantly and improve the predictive accuracy of the TTC models, which generally lag behind the PIT models in that performance measure. While all classes of models have high discriminatory power by most measures, on an out-of-sample basis the TTC models perform better than the PIT models. We measure the model risk attributable to various model assumptions according to the principle of relative entropy and observe that omitted variable bias with respect to the DTD risk factor, neglect of interaction effects and incorrect link function specification has the greatest, intermediate and least impacts, respectively. We conclude that care must be taken to judiciously choose how we validate TTC vs. PIT models, as criteria may be rather different and apart from standards such as discriminatory power. This study contributes to the literature by providing expert guidance to credit risk modeling, model validation and supervisory practitioners in managing model risk.