bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O som e os outros na vida e na morte: Percepções da vida e da morte na adolescência
Authors: Rodrigues Rute , Oliveira Abílio , Sampaio Daniel
Published: January 2015

O objectivo central deste trabalho foi apreender as representações sociais (RS) da vida e da morte, dois temas essenciais na adolescência, numa população de jovens de ambos os sexos, entre os 15 e os 19 anos. Averiguou-se, igualmente, as associações entre estas representações, as preferências musicais e as opiniões dos outros. Os resultados indicam que a vida é associada sobretudo aos amigos e à diversão, sendo a morte representada essencialmente como saudade, tristeza e sofrimento. As raparigas, mais do que os rapazes, tendem a ancorar a vida ao relacionamento com o outro e ao mal-estar; e salientam na morte, principalmente, o mal-estar, o ritualismo e o afastamento do outro. Os jovens de 15-16 anos, mais do que os de 17-19, realçam a vida como realização pessoal. As opiniões da família e dos amigos são muito importantes nas RS da vida e da morte.
Contributo para o estudo psicométrico da versão portuguesa do Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim Armando , Fernandes Rosina , Santos Eduardo Ribeiro , Peiró José Maria
Published: January 2015

A satisfação com o trabalho é entendida como preponderante no binómio da produtividade da organização e da realização dos trabalhadores (Silva, 1998). A utilização de instrumentos que permitam avaliá-la em contexto nacional, tem vindo a ser alvo de alguns estudos, salientando-se a adaptação à população portuguesa do Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23 (Meliá & Peiró, 1989a) efectuada por Pocinho e Garcia (2008). Este trabalho constitui-se como mais um contributo para o estudo das qualidades psicométricas deste instrumento. Os resultados obtidos numa amostra de 136 trabalhadores portugueses, revelam que o questionário apresenta qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias ao nível da consistência interna (.95), da estabilidade temporal e da validade convergente (correlação de .84 com o Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form de Weiss, Dawis, England, & Lofquist, 1967). A estrutura factorial é consistente com a da versão original. Discutem-se ainda algumas questões a ser exploradas em próximas investigações, tendo em conta as limitações inerentes a este estudo.
A contribuição do auto-criticismo e da ruminação para o afecto negativo
Authors: Amaral Vânia , Castilho Paula , Gouveia José Pinto
Published: January 2015

Falamos em auto-criticismo quando assumimos, face ao próprio sofrimento, uma postura dura, intolerante e de auto-avaliação negativa. A literatura aponta o autocriticismo como um importante preditor de sofrimento, associado à psicopatologia. Perante situações de fracasso, as pessoas podem adoptar o estilo de pensamento ruminativo que, por ser marcadamente repetitivo e negativo, se associa à sintomatologia psicopatológica. Esta investigação pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da relação entre o auto-criticismo, ruminação e a experienciação de afecto negativo, numa amostra não clínica de 193 sujeitos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os indivíduos mais auto-críticos e ruminadores experienciam mais afecto negativo. Verificámos igualmente que indivíduos mais auto-críticos tendem a recorrer mais ao pensamento ruminativo. Inversamente, a auto-tranquilização em momentos de fracasso, associa-se positivamente com a vivência de afecto positivo. Os resultados sugerem a importância de uma intervenção terapêutica focada na redução da auto-crítica e ruminação, em contexto clínico, promovendo a auto-tranquilização especialmente útil em doentes auto-críticos e com perturbações de humor.
Recordação de experiências de ameaça e subordinação na infância, auto-criticismo, vergonha e submissão: a sua contribuição para a depressão em estudantes universitários
Authors: Coelho Sofia Alves , Castilho Paula , Gouveia José Pinto
Published: January 2015

A temática do auto-criticismo tem recebido nos últimos anos um interesse crescente no domínio da Psicologia. A investigação aqui apresentada pretende contribuir para o conhecimento do auto-criticismo e da sua relação com a psicopatologia, bem como com vários constructos que a literatura tem demonstrado estarem associados à sua origem, desenvolvimento e manutenção, como as experiências de ameaça e subordinação na infância, a vergonha e a submissão. Os resultados dos estudos, realizados numa amostra de estudantes universitários (N = 263), mostraram associações significativas entre os comportamentos de submissão na idade adulta e a recordação de experiências parentais de subordinação na infância, a experiência de vergonha interna e o auto-criticismo. Ao nível da sintomatologia depressiva, os resultados encontrados no nosso estudo sugeriram a existência de associações significativas com a vergonha interna e o auto-criticismo. Quer a vergonha interna, quer o auto-criticismo constituem preditores significativos da submissão e dos sintomas depressivos.
Recordação das Experiências de Ameaça e Subordinação na Infância e Psicopatologia: o efeito mediador do Auto-Criticismo
Authors: Castilho Paula , Gouveia José Pinto , Amaral Vânia
Published: January 2015

O auto-criticismo, dentro das recentes teorias evolucionárias, tem assumido um interesse crescente no domínio da Psicologia. Vários estudos apontam o autocriticismo como um importante predictor de sofrimento, associando-se a diversas formas de psicopatologia. Por outro lado, as experiências adversas na infância, como a imposição de um estatuto de subordinado, têm-se revelado preditores de desajustamento posterior. A presente investigação pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da relação entre estes constructos e a sintomatologia depressiva, numa amostra não clínica, composta por 193 sujeitos. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que o auto-criticismo se associa positivamente com as experiências de ameaça e subordinação na infância e a sintomatologia depressiva. Estes estudos apontam, ainda, para o papel mediador de algumas dimensões do auto-criticismo no efeito das experiências precoces de subordinação sobre a depressão. Estes resultados poderão contribuir para uma intervenção terapêutica específica com vista a reduzir a auto-crítica e auto-punição, fomentando a capacidade de autotranquilização em cenários de fracasso e decepção pessoal.
Aristóteles versus Philoponus: um estudo funcional da física intuitiva dos projécteis
Authors: Teixeira Nuno de Sá , Oliveira Armando Mónica
Published: January 2015

Enquanto domínio de investigação, a física intuitiva ocupa-se das representações espontâneas do mundo físico e do seu modo funcionamento (em particular, dos eventos mecânicos). Uma linha de estudo influente sugere um paralelismo entre o perfil dos erros diagnosticados nessas representações e as teorias pré-newtonianas, como a física aristotélica ou a física medieval do ímpeto. Neste estudo comparamse duas propostas de matematização da relação entre a velocidade de um móvel, a força aplicada ao projectá-lo e a resistência do meio, a primeira derivada a partir dos escritos de Aristóteles e a segunda proposta por Philoponus no século VI. A metodologia da teoria da Integração de Informação e da Medida Funcional foi utilizada para esse efeito, resultando no estabelecimento de um modelo algébrico divisivo, conforme à proposta aristotélica. O significado deste resultado é discutido, propondo-se uma relação com o quadro de estudo dos modelos mentais. Discute-se igualmente o contributo potencial da álgebra cognitiva para a física intuitiva.
Os meus colegas bebem álcool? Consumo de álcool e percepção do consumo em adolescentes - estudo realizado com estudantes do 3º ciclo de escolas públicas de Coimbra
Authors: Barroso Teresa , Mendes Aida Cruz , Barbosa António
Published: January 2015

Os estudos internacionais têm consistentemente mostrado que os jovens sobrestimam o consumo de álcool dos pares, e que esta percepção errada é preditiva do consumo individual. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objectivo de caracterizar o consumo de álcool e a percepção do consumo, em adolescentes do 3º ciclo de duas escolas públicas da cidade de Coimbra, para o refinamento de um programa de prevenção de uso/abuso de álcool. A amostra incluiu 654 adolescentes (51.5% sexo feminino). Os resultados mostraram uma clara sobrestimação na percepção do consumo habitual pelos pares. Os adolescentes mais velhos, com experiência de consumo e/ou de embriaguez foram os que manifestaram tendência para apresentarem percepção elevada do consumo, não se verificando diferenças entre o género. Estes resultados consolidam a importância de integrar a correcção das percepções acerca do consumo habitual dos pares nos programas de prevenção de uso/abuso de álcool.
Sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença mental: dimensões analítico-reflexivas na perspectiva do Serviço Social
Authors: Almeida Joana Gomes , Almeida Helena Neves , Santos Eduardo Ribeiro
Published: January 2015

Partindo de uma análise conceptual e documental sobre a saúde mental e as implicações da desinstitucionalização da assistência psiquiátrica, neste artigo é efectuada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os factores analíticos do conceito de sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares, que serve de base à compreensão de dois modelos de intervenção familiar aqui apresentados: o modelo de Twigg e Atkin centrado no problema e que sustenta uma expansão do conceito de cuidador, na óptica da intervenção profissional, e o modelo de Salleebey que focaliza as forças e as oportunidades dos sujeitos envolvidos, num processo dialéctico em que se enquadram processos de mediação, “advocacy” e “empowerment”. Sendo a saúde mental uma área de intervenção multidisciplinar, é perspectivado o agir profissional dos assistentes sociais face ao tema em análise, focando algumas dimensões teóricas, éticas e políticas.
Combustion characteristics of diesel engine using producer gas and blends of Jatropha methyl ester with diesel in mixed fuel mode
Authors: Raheman Hifjur , Padhee Debasish
Published: January 2015

An experimental investigation was performed to study the combustion characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with producer gas-biodiesel in dual fuel mode. Three different fuel blends of Jatropha methyl ester with high speed diesel (HSD) (B10, B20) and B100 were used with producer gas obtained from the gasification of briquettes made from de-oiled Jatropha seed cake. The increments in load on the engine increased the brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and lowered the brake specific energy consumption. The ignition delays in dual-fuel mode of operation for both the fuels were longer than for single-fuel mode of operation. Combustion pressure and heat release rate (HRR) patterns at different engine loads were found to be similar for biodiesel and HSD. In dual-fuel mode, the peak pressure and HRR for producer gas–biodiesel dual-fuel were slightly lower than those of producer gas–diesel combustion at full load condition. Significantly lower NOx emissions were obtained under the dual fuel mode of operation for both pilot fuels compared to the single-fuel mode especially HSD under all test conditions.
Pathologic role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in epileptic disorders: implication for pharmacological interventions
Authors: Ghasemi Mehdi , Hadipour-Niktarash Arash
Published: January 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of some neurological diseases such as epilepsy. Based on genetic studies in patients with epileptic disorders worldwide and animal models of seizure, it has been demonstrated that nAChR activity is altered in some specific types of epilepsy, including autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Neuronal nAChR antagonists also have antiepileptic effects in pre-clinical studies. There is some evidence that conventional antiepileptic drugs may affect neuronal nAChR function. In this review, we re-examine the evidence for the involvement of nAChRs in the pathophysiology of some epileptic disorders, especially ADNFLE and JME, and provide an overview of nAChR antagonists that have been evaluated in animal models of seizure.
An exploratory comparison of the use of modifiers by native speakers of English and Mandarin Chinese in academic lectures
Authors: Lin Chia-Yen
Published: January 2015

This study investigates
Effect of Axial Velocity Density Ratio on the Performance of a Controlled Diffusion Airfoil Compressor Cascade
Authors: Senthil Kumaran R. , Kamble Sachin , Swamy K.M.M. , Nagpurwala Q.H. , Bhat Ananthesha
Published: January 2015

Axial Velocity Density Ratio (AVDR) is an important parameter to check the two-dimensionality of cascade flows. It can have significant influence on the cascade performance and the secondary flow structure. In the present study, the effect of AVDR has been investigated on a highly loaded Controlled Diffusion airfoil compressor cascade. Detailed 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies were carried out with the cascade at five different AVDRs. Key aerodynamic performance parameters and flow structure through the cascade were analyzed in detail. CFD results of one AVDR were validated with the experimental cascade test data and were seen to be in good agreement. Loss characteristics of the cascade varied significantly with change in AVDR. Increase in AVDR postponed the point of separation on the suction surface, produced thinner boundary layers and caused substantial drop in the pressure loss coefficient. Strong end wall vortices were noticed at AVDR of 1.177. At higher AVDRs, the flow was well guided even close to the end wall and the secondary flows diminished. The loading initially improved with increase in AVDR. Beyond a certain limit, further increase in AVDR offered no improvements to the loading but rather resulted in drop in diffusion and deviation.
Kinetics deformation of current-voltage characteristics of the varistor oxide structures due to overcharging of the localized states
Authors: Tonkoshkur A. S. , Ivanchenko A. V.
Published: January 2015

Prolonged exposure of zinc oxide varistors to the electrical load leads to current-voltage characteristics (CVC) deformation, which is associated with a change in the height and width of the intergranular barriers, which are main structural element of the varistors. Polarization phenomena in zinc oxide ceramics are studied in a number of works, but those are mainly limited to the study of the physics of the CVC deformation process and to determining the parameters of localized electronic states involved in this process. This paper presents the results on the simulation of the deformation of pulse CVC of a separate intergranular potential barrier at transient polarization/depolarization, associated with recharging of surface electronic states (SES), which cause this barrier. It is found that at high density of SES their degree of electron filling is small and the effect of DC voltage leads to a shift of pulse current-voltage characteristics into the region of small currents. Conversely, the low density SES are almost completely filled with electrons, and after crystallite polarization CVC is shifted to high currents. Experimental studies have confirmed the possibility of applying the discovered laws to ceramic varistor structures. The proposed model allows interpreting the «anomalous» effects (such as increase in the classification voltage and reduction of active losses power) observed during the varistors accelerated aging test.
Search for the optimal size of printed circuit boards for mechanical structures for electronic equipment
Authors: Yefimenko A. A. , Karlangach A. P. , Lazarev S. N.
Published: January 2015

The authors present a method, an algorithm and a program, designed to determine the optimal size of printed circuit boards (PCB) of mechanical structures and different kinds of electronic equipment. The PCB filling factor is taken as an optimization criterion. The method allows one to quickly determine the dependence of the filling factor on the size of the PCB for various components.
Acousto-optic properties of GexS100–x glasses and acousto-optic modulator on their basis
Authors: Bletskan D. I. , Vakulchak V. V. , Fedelesh V. I.
Published: January 2015

The investigation of acousto-optic properties of GexS100–x glasses, which had shown that they are perspective lightsoundwire material for manufacturing of acousto-optic devices for controlling the laser radiation in the visible spectral region was performed. Taking into account the technological conditions for synthesis of glasses with optical quality the two optimal compositions, Ge30S70 and Ge25S75, were proposed for fabrication of optical-acoustic modulator. These compositions possess the high optical perfection and transmission in the spectral range of 0.4—11 μm, the moderate optical absorption of 2—3 dB/cm, their acoustic quality factor ~100 times exceeds those of quartz. The construction and main parameters of the acousto-optic modulator based on Ge30S70 and Ge25S75 glasses as lightsoundwire material and the converter is a plate of lithium niobate single crystal were described. In Bragg diversion mode the modulator has the maximum bandwidth of the modulating frequencies — 10 MHz, the diffraction efficiency — 40%, the speed — near 80 nanoseconds. It is also important to note that the effective modulation is obtained with the low power (40 mW) controlled electrical signal, which facilitates a thermal mode of the modulator and allows working without the forced cooling of the modulation element.
The Right to Confrontation in Common Law Systems
Authors: Gray Anthony
Published: January 2015

Recent years have seen a departure from traditional criminal due process requirements in the wake of 9/11, one feature of which has been the increased use of closed court hearings in relation to the introduction of evidence considered particularly sensitive to national security. Typically, both the person affected by the proceedings and their legal adviser are excluded from such a hearing. These developments contradict long-established and fundamental characteristics of proceedings in a criminal law trial in common law systems, such as the open court principle and the adversarial nature of proceedings. They also contradict the right to confront accusers, a right traceable to Roman times, and a feature of the British system for more than four centuries, and of the American system for more than two. This article highlights the latest case law developments in key jurisdictions around the world before critically appraising trends evident in the recent jurisprudence. It is critical of the fact that courts in some jurisdictions have permitted substantial departures from the right of an individual to confront witnesses being used against them.
Quality Control of Genotypes Using Heritability Estimates of Gene Content at the Marker
Authors: Forneris Natalia S , Legarra Andres , Vitezica Zulma G , Tsuruta Shogo , Aguilar Ignacio , Misztal Ignacy , Cantet Rodolfo J C
Published: January 2015

Quality control filtering of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a key step when analyzing genomic data. Here we present a practical method to identify low-quality SNPs, meaning markers whose genotypes are wrongly assigned for a large proportion of individuals, by estimating the heritability of gene content at each marker, where gene content is the number of copies of a particular reference allele in a genotype of an animal (0, 1, or 2). If there is no mutation at the marker, gene content has an additive heritability of 1 by construction. The method uses restricted maximum likelihood (REML) to estimate heritability of gene content at each SNP and also builds a likelihood-ratio test statistic to test for zero error variance in genotyping. As a by-product, estimates of the allele frequencies of markers at the base population are obtained. Using simulated data with 10% permutation error (4% actual error) in genotyping, the method had a specificity of 0.96 (4% of correct markers are rejected) and a sensitivity of 0.99 (1% of wrong markers are accepted) if markers with heritability lower than 0.975 are discarded. Checking of Mendelian errors resulted in a lower sensitivity (0.84) for the same simulation. The proposed method is further illustrated with a real data set with genotypes from 3534 animals genotyped for 50,433 markers from the Illumina PorcineSNP60 chip and a pedigree of 6473 individuals; those markers underwent very little quality control. A total of 4099 markers with P-values lower than 0.01 were discarded based on our method, with associated estimates of heritability as low as 0.12. Contrary to other techniques, our method uses all information in the population simultaneously, can be used in any population with markers and pedigree recordings, and is simple to implement using standard software for REML estimation. Scripts for its use are provided.
Fault Diagnosis of Linear Control Systems Based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform and an ART2 Neural Network
Authors: In Soo Lee
Published: January 2015

Fault detection and isolation of systems continues to be important problems to be addressed due to the increased complexities of more advanced systems. Early detection and isolation of faults can assist in avoidance of major system breakdowns. Many methods require some model of the plant in order to perform the fault diagnosis. In this paper we present a fault diagnosis method for dynamic systems based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and an adaptive resonance theory 2 neural network (ART2 NN). In the proposed method a fault is detected when an error between the system output and the nominal system output cross a predetermined threshold. Once a fault in the system is detected the ART2 NN based fault classifier isolates the fault. The algorithm contains three main steps: fault detection through the threshold test, data preprocessing via DWT, and fault isolation using the fault classifier. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT and ART2 NN based fault diagnosis method.
Volatile Terpenoids from Water Pepper (Polygonum punctatum) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Strategies
Authors: M. Gilabert  , E. Cartagena  , G. Escobar  , A. Bardón  , M.E. Arena
Published: January 2015

Polygonum punctatum Elliot (water pepper) is a pungent herb ancestrally employed as a disinfectant in traditional medicine by Toba Indians of the north-eastern region of Argentina and also commonly used as spice in Japanese cuisine. GC-MS of whole diethyl ether extract (EE) from aerial parts allowed to identify 14 volatile terpenoids such as sesquiterpenes: α-bisabolol (3.4 %), polygodial and isotadeonal (34.0%); various methylated phenol like α-tocopherol or vitamin E (3.6 %), and phytosterols: stigmasterol (2.1%) and β-sitosterol (29.9 %). Thus, water pepper is a promising source of drimane sesquiterpenes and phytoestrogens with important bioactivities.
Following a taste- guided fractionation by CC and HPLC, drimane-type sesquiterpenes, polygodial (1) and its stereoisomer isotadeonal (2) were isolated as main compounds from the EE. The antipathogenic effects on the bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and elastase activity of both pure compounds and EE were evaluated against two Staphylococcus aureus and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains at 10 and 100 µg/mL.
The highest effects were observed for the non pungent drimane isotadeonal (2) which was able to reduce about 75 % the bacterial growth of all tested microorganisms and to inhibit Gram-positive biofilm formation (85 % mean) at 100 µg/mL. In addition, elastase activity of P. aeruginosa, another virulence strategy, was attenuated more than 50 % at 100 µg/mL by 2.
These results provide evidence that support the antimicrobial use of P. punctatum against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, as well as, demonstrating that isotadeonal (2), despite it has been suggested to lack biological properties, is a bioactive compound able to control biofilm formation and bacterial growth of both human pathogens.
Vis-NIR Spectroscopy for Determining Physical and Chemical Soil Properties: An Application to an Area of Southern Italy
Authors: Massimo Conforti  , Gabriele Buttafuoco
Published: January 2015

The development of rapid, accurate, cost effective methods to determine soil physical and chemical properties is important for sustainable land management. In the last two to three decades, the interest in using visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as an alternative method for determining soil properties has increased. To obtain reliable predictions of soil properties, multivariate calibration techniques such as Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) are commonly used to correlate the spectra with the chemical, physical and mineralogical properties of soils.The objective of the paper was to assess the potential of Vis-NIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR to determine soil chemical and physical properties such as organic carbon (SOC), sand, silt, clay, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents in a sample site of southern Italy.Spectral curves showed that the soils could be spectrally separable on the basis of chemical and physical properties. PLSR calibration models were derived for each of the soil properties and were validated with an independent data set. The optimum number of factors to be retained in the calibration models was determined by leave-one-out cross-validation. The accuracy of the calibration and validation models for the different soil properties was evaluated with the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The results showed that predictions were satisfactory for all soil properties analyzed with high values of R2 > 80.A combination of Vis-NIR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques, therefore, can be used as a rapid, low cost and quantitative means of characterizing the soils of southern Italy.
Qualitative and Quantitative Models Based on Handheld NIR Spectroscopy to Monitor the Tomato Fruit Development During Early and Full Season
Authors: C. Camps  , L. Deltheil  , C. Gilli
Published: January 2015

The present study aimed at to follow the tomato fruit development and quality by hand-held near-infrared spectroscopy. Tomato quality were followed from few days after fruit setting until harvest at commercial maturity during two seasons (spring and summer).
Results showed that in both seasons, fruit can be classified from fruit setting to harvest at maturity by using qualitative models (factorial discriminant analyses).
Quantitatives models based on PLS regressions allowed the prediction of soluble solids content (R=0.9, RMSE=0.1%Brix), titrable acidity (R=0.9, RMSE=0.6meq.100g-1) and color (a*, R=0.9, RMSE=5) of fruit. The accuracy of the predictions depend on the season and also on the maturity stage.
the results are promising in the context of developing a tool to assist in fruit phenotyping on site. Other experiment are now necessary to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the models with including additional varieties growing under variable climatic conditions in our greenhouses.
Carbon Spheres for the Removal of Hevay Metal Ions From Refinery Effluents
Authors: Addisu T. Derebe  , Kean Wang  , Subrata Mondal
Published: January 2015

An environmentally-friendly hydrothermal procedure was employed to synthesize carbon spheres (CS) from glucose solution at 1700C. To study the effect of reaction time, four CS samples were synthesized at 12h, 14h, 16h and 19h, respectively. A portion of the samples were surface activated by the treatment with 0.5M NaOH, the other portion treated with 0.5M CH3COOH, and the remaining samples were left untreated (native). All samples were characterized using various methods including SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption and FT-IR. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at room temperature to remove heavy metal ions (Ag+ and Cu2+) from aqueous solution. It was found that increasing reaction time resulted in CS with a lower amorphous content and lowered adsorption capacity, NaOH-treated CS had the highest adsorption capacity of 454 mg Ag+/g and 172 mg Cu2+/g, while CH3COOH-treated CS had a lower Ag+ and Cu2+ uptake than untreated CS. The adsorption isotherms were well fit by the Langmuir isotherm equation (for base-treated CS) and the Freundlich isotherm equation (for acid-treated CS). The CS showed a high potential for the removal of heavy-metals from aqueous solutions.
Emulsions with heavy crude oil in presence of nanoparticles
Authors: Riaza Stephanie , Cortés Farid B. , Otalvaro Julián
Published: January 2015

A study about the use of silica nanoparticles in crude oils from the Castilla field and the effects on stability, drop size and emulsion viscosity was carried out. The interest in the use of this type of nanoparticles is created by the inversion effect that these produce in the W/O emulsion at high water cuts upper than 48%. The emulsion is transformed in W/O/W being the latter the least viscous due to the water is the external phase and it allows to the crude oil slides easily on any surface. In this study, two types of naturally emulsified crude oil with different water cuts and a synthetic emulsion were used. This kind of behavior created by nanoparticles over the emulsion could be an alternative solution to the viscosity, fluidity and mobility problems that affect the extraction and transportation in heavy crude oil.
Important forgotten earthquakes for Medellin
Authors: Caballero Acosta José Humberto
Published: January 2015

The aim of this little paper is to disseminate between regional geoscientists an historical data about an earthquake or swarm of earthquakes, felt in what is now the city of Medellín, in 1730. As far as is known, this event has not been reported before in available historical catalogs. It is important to understand the seismic hazard of the city and the region. An brief analysis is made with the limited published historical information.
IDENTIFICATION OF VOLATILE FLAVOUR COMPOUNDS OF HOKI (Macruronus novaezelandiae) AND ORANGE ROUGHY (Hoplostethus atlanticus) OILS
Authors: Irianto Hari Eko , Fernandez Carmen C. , Shaw G. J.
Published: January 2015

Identification of volatile flavour compounds of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) and orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) oils has been carried out.  Flavour compounds were extracted by a purging system and collected using a porous polymer Tenax TA trap.  The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile flavour compounds.  The predominant compounds contributing to the volatile flavour of hoki oil were methyl ethyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate and 1,1-dimethylethyl-2-propionic acid.  Meanwhile, the main volatile flavour components of orange roughy oil were toluene, cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethylethyl-2-methyl propionic acid and tetrachloroethane.
EFFECT OF SLAUGHTERING TECHNIQUES ON THE QUALITY OF FRESH “PATIN SIAM “ CATFISH (Pangasius hypopthalmus) STORED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Authors: Ikasari Diah , Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi
Published: January 2015

Fish handling is one of factors that affect fish quality deterioration, including slaughtering technique. In this study, the quality deterioration of fresh patin Siam catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus) which were handled with different slaughtering techniques was observed. Fish were fasted for one day before slaughtered with two different techniques namely live-chilling and bleeding techniques. Live-chilling technique was conducted by exposing  fish into cold water with temperature of 0-5°C for 15 minutes, while bleeding technique was conducted by cutting directly on the arteries part of fish head. After being slaughtered, fish were then stored at ambient temperatures for 18 hours and observed for its quality deterioration in every 3 hours. The observed parameters of fish quality deterioration were including the sensory attributes which were described using descriptive test by trained panelists; chemical parameters including proximate analysis; pH and Total Volatile Base (TVB), and microbiological parameters including Total Plate Count (TPC), coliform and E.coli. Results showed that the flesh of patin Siam catfish slaughtered by live-chilling technique had more blood in the fish body tissue, while bleeding technique resulted in much brighter flesh as well as abdominal cavity. The flesh quality decreased after 18 hours of storage in both treatments, but no significant changes in their proximate values. Bleeding technique was more recommended compared to live-chilling technique for slaughtering patin Siam catfish due to its predominance in producing better flesh quality.
SEA CUCUMBER AS ANTICANCER AGENTS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Ridhowati Sherly , Zakaria Fransiska Rungkat , Syah Dahrul , Chasanah Ekowati
Published: January 2015

Indonesia is popularly known as sea cucumber (teripang) exporter in the form of dried teripang. Commonly known as beche-de-mer or gamat, sea cucumber has long been used as medicine and food by Asian and Middle East people. Recent study  has shown that sea cucumbers contain active compounds that show potential health benefits and other biological properties such as antibacterial and antifungal products, anticoagulants, antihypertensives, immuno modulation, inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. It was reported that sea cucumber posses aphrodisiacs, potentially improve immunity, anticancer and anticoagulation. Sea cucumber is also rich in collagen as a component of connective  tissue which can further be converted into smaller molecule and act as bioactive substances. This  review presents  the potential of sea cucumber as a functional food especially to prevent cancer and  strategy to develop sea cucumber-based functional food  by enzymatic hydrolysis and in vivo study.
Food restriction beginning at lactation interferes with the cellular dynamics of the mucosa and colonic myenteric innervation in adult rats
Authors: SCHOFFEN JOÃO PAULO F. , VICENTINI FERNANDO A. , MARCELINO CAROLINA G. , ARAÚJO EDUARDO J.A. , PEDROSA MARIA M.D. , NATALI MARIA R.M.
Published: January 2015

The effects of food restriction (FR) on the morphoquantitative aspects of the wall and myenteric neurons of the proximal colon in adult rats were analysed. FR was imposed by duplication of the experimental brood size in relation to the control brood during lactation. The FR group received a 50% reduction of food from weaning until 90 days of age. Samples of the colon underwent histological processing to morphometrically analyze the crypts, muscularis mucosae, tunica mucosa, and muscularis externa. We determined the number of goblet cells and serotoninergic enteroendocrine cells, and morphoquantitatively studied the myenteric neuronal population. FR caused hypertrophy in the tunica mucosa, increase in crypt depth and in the muscular layer of the mucosa, a decrease in the thickness of the tunica muscularis and in the number of goblet cells and an increase in serotoninergic cells. A higher neuronal density in the ganglia and a reduction of the cell profile area were observed in the FR group. FR imposed since lactation led to hypertrophy of the tunica mucosa, a reduction of neutral mucin production, atrophy of the tunica muscularis, and an increase in the survival neuronal in adult rats, attributable to an increase in the number of serotoninergic enteroendocrine cells in mucosa.
Complete assignments of NMR data and assessment of trypanocidal activity of new eremantholide C derivatives
Authors: SAÚDE-GUIMARÃES DÊNIA A. , RASLAN DÉLIO S. , CHIARI EGLER , OLIVEIRA ALAÍDE B. DE
Published: January 2015

Chemical transformations of eremantholide C (1), a sesquiterpene lactone that was isolated from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. led to five new derivatives: 1′,2′- epoxyeremantholide C (2), 5-n-propylamine-4,5-dihydro-1′,2′-epoxyeremantholide C (3), 5-n-propylammonium-4,5-dihydro-1′,2′-epoxyeremantholide C chloride (4), 5-n-propylammonium-4,5-dihydroeremantolide C chloride (5) and 16-O-ethyleremantholide C (6). The structures of all these derivatives were assigned on the basis of IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR data by 1D and 2D techniques. Eremantholide C and the derivatives 2, 4 and 5 were evaluated against trypomastigotes Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eremantholide C completely inhibited the growth of both the parasites strains while all derivatives were partially active against the CL strain and inactive against the Y strain.
Differential Effect of Solution Conditions on the Conformation of the Actinoporins Sticholysin II and Equinatoxin II
Authors: FAUTH EDSON V.F. , CILLI EDUARDO M. , LIGABUE-BRAUN RODRIGO , VERLI HUGO
Published: January 2015

Actinoporins are a family of pore-forming proteins with hemolytic activity. The structural basis for such activity appears to depend on their correct folding. Such folding encompasses a phosphocholine binding site, a tryptophan-rich region and the activity-related N-terminus segment. Additionally, different solution conditions are known to be able to influence the pore formation by actinoporins, as for Sticholysin II (StnII) and Equinatoxin II (EqtxII). In this context, the current work intends to characterize the influence of distinct solution conditions in the conformational behavior of these proteins through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The obtained data offer structural insights into actinoporins dynamics in solution, characterizing its conformational behavior at the atomic level, in accordance with previous experimental data on StnII and EqtxII hemolytic activities.
Behavior and performance of sows fed different levels of fiber and reared in individual cages or collective pens
Authors: BUDIÑO FÁBIO E.L. , VIEIRA RENATA F.N. , MELLO SILVIO P. , DUARTE KEILA M.R.
Published: January 2015

Sixteen pregnant sows were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2x2 factorial scheme consisting of two housing systems (individual cages and collective pens) and two diets (low [2.67%] and high [13.14%] level of crude fiber). Physiological, behavioral, environmental, and hormonal parameters were studied. In addition, the following productive and reproductive parameters were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion of the sow and piglets, number of piglets born dead and alive, number and weight at weaning, and backfat thickness of sows. Pregnant sows reared in collective pens and fed a high-fiber diet exhibited better physiological responses, indicating greater comfort and better animal welfare. The environmental variables were close to the comfort zone of the animals. In addition to providing a more comfortable environment, housing pigs in collective pens reduced stereotypy, permitting the sows to express a more natural behavior. The high-fiber diet did not interfere with female productive performance. Tifton hay can therefore be indicated as an alternative for the formulation of sow diets to improve animal welfare.
Escala da Satisfação com a decisão em saúde: instrumento adaptado e validado para língua portuguesa
Authors: Martinho Maria Júlia Costa Marques , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Angelo Margareth
Published: January 2015

A tomada de decisão é uma área de investigação na saúde que tem vindo a ganhar importância quer pelos modelos de parceria de cuidados que dão protagonismo ao paciente e família, quer pela preocupação crescente com a qualidade e satisfação do cliente com os cuidados disponibilizados. Assim, propusemo-nos efetuar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), que visa avaliar a satisfação com as decisões tomadas em saúde. A amostra foi constituída por 521 estudantes da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de fiabilidade revelam uma boa consistência interna para o total dos itens (Alpha Cronbach = 0,88). O estudo psicométrico permite-nos afirmar que a versão em Português da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", que denominamos "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", é um instrumento fidedigno e válido.
Nível de dependência e qualidade de vida da população idosa
Authors: Lobo Alexandrina de Jesus Serra , Santos Luísa , Gomes Sónia
Published: January 2015

A qualidade de vida (QV) nos idosos é determinada em grande parte pelo seu estado funcional e condições de saúde. Com o objectivo de avaliar o nível de QV, os factores que a influenciam e identificar o grau de dependência dos idosos foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal do tipo exploratório-descritivo, englobando 93 idosos. Na recolha de dados utilizouse o índice de Barthel e MOS-SF 36. Na identificação dos níveis de dependência os resultados indicam-nos que 40,0% são independentes e 18,0% são dependentes mínimos, sendo 12,0% dependentes totais. No que diz respeito à QV 88,0% dos sujeitos refere uma pontuação inferior a 50,0%, em média reportam uma QV de 39±10,0%. Verificou-se que existe uma correlação positiva entre o grau de dependência e o índice de QV, sobretudo na componente física. Assim, importa promover um envelhecimento saudável procurando-se privilegiar a preservação da autonomia e capacidade funcional dos idosos.
Comunicação não verbal entre enfermeiros e idosos à luz da proxêmica
Authors: Freitas Fabiana Ferraz Queiroga , Costa Kátia Nêyla de Freitas Macêdo , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Lima Joab de Oliveira
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se analisar a comunicação não verbal entre enfermeiros e idosos na consulta de enfermagem à luz do referencial teórico de Hall. Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por filmagens das consultas de enfermagem com idosos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de João Pessoa-Paraíba, analisadas a cada um minuto, totalizando 1.575 interações não verbais. A análise mostra predomínio de enfermeiros (90,63%) e idosos (65,63%) do sexo feminino e classificação regular para a maioria dos fatores com prevalência da postura sentada (80,09%), cadeiras uma em frente a outra (64,46%), distância pessoal (91,40%), expressão facial tranquila (59,78%), uso do toque apenas ao realizar um procedimento técnico (53,33%), interação visual enquanto manipula objetos (57,69%) e volume de voz inalterado (48,79%). Esses resultados refletem a necessidade de os enfermeiros dominarem conscientemente suas manifestações corporais e faciais a fim de melhor interagirem com o idoso.
Necessidades e preocupações dos pais em diferentes etapas do ciclo vital
Authors: Silva Bárbara Tarouco da , Silva Mara Regina Santos da
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades e as preocupações prioritárias, manifestadas pelos pais no desempenho do seu papel, em três etapas do ciclo vital: adolescência, idade produtiva e idade madura. Metodologia: estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com quatorze pais residentes em um município no extremo sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e agosto de 2011, por meio de entrevista em profundidade. Através da técnica da análise textual discursiva e da matriz construída com base na teoria bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner, foram construídas três categorias: Necessidades/preocupações do pai, geradas em sua relação com o mundo do trabalho; Necessidades/preocupações que emergem da relação de cuidado com os filhos e Preocupações dos pais com relação ao futuro dos filhos. Conclusão: identificou-se que a preocupação com o futuro dos filhos foi apontada por pais de todas as faixas-etárias investigadas.
Autocuidado do cuidador familiar de adultos ou idosos dependentes após a alta hospitalar
Authors: Costa Sibely Rabaça Dias da , Castro Edna Aparecida Barbosa de
Published: January 2015

Este artigo apresenta uma compreensão sobre o autocuidado do cuidador familiar segundo a teoria de Dorothea Orem. Resulta de uma pesquisa qualitativa com aporte da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, utilizando-se das técnicas de visita domiciliar, registro de notas de campo e entrevista semiestruturada com 11 cuidadores, após a internação de familiar em um Hospital Universitário de Minas Gerais. Foram obtidas quatro categorias, destacando uma categoria central, em torno da qual se analisaram as facilidades, dificuldades e estratégias para o autocuidado do cuidador. Entre as dificuldades, foram evidenciadas: tempo insuficiente para os cuidados com a saúde e, entre as facilidades, o apoio de outros familiares. As principais estratégias foram: apoio na fé; revezamento nos cuidados e recursos na comunidade. Concluiu-se que orientações no momento da alta e o acompanhamento de enfermagem após a alta contribuem para o autocuidado do cuidador, atuando sobre suas dificuldades e estimulando suas potencialidades.
Adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X: correlação entre o escore de Loes e parâmetros do tensor de difusão
Authors: Ono Sergio Eiji , Carvalho Neto Arnolfo de , Gasparetto Emerson Leandro , Coelho Luiz Otávio de Mattos , Escuissato Dante Luiz , Bonfim Carmem Maria Sales , Ribeiro Lisandro Lima
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação dos parâmetros do tensor de difusão com o escore de Loes e se os parâmetros do tensor de difusão poderiam indicar alterações estruturais precoces. Materiais e Métodos: As medidas do tensor de difusão foram obtidas em 30 exames de 14 pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X e foram correlacionadas com o escore de Loes. Um grupo controle de 28 pacientes masculinos foi avaliado para estabelecer medidas do tensor de difusão pareadas por idade. Análises estatísticas intra e interobservador foram feitas. Resultados: As medidas do tensor de difusão apresentam forte correlação com o escore de Loes segundo o coeficiente de Pearson (r), com valores de –0,86, 0,89, 0,89 e 0,84 para a fração de anisotropia e difusibilidades média, radial e axial (p < 0,01). A análise da mudança nas medidas do tensor de difusão no estágio inicial da doença indica que os valores de difusibilidades média e radial podem ajudar a predizer a progressão da doença. Conclusão: As medidas de parâmetros do tensor de difusão poderiam ser usadas como um adjunto ao escore de Loes, auxiliando no monitoramento da doença e alertando uma possível progressão do escore de Loes na faixa de interesse para decisões terapêuticas.
Compatibilidade entre a inoculação de rizóbios e fungicidas aplicados em sementes de feijoeiro-comum
Authors: Kintschev Maurício Rocha , Goulart Augusto César Pereira , Mercante Fábio Martins
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tratamento de sementes de feijoeiro com diferentes fungicidas na sobrevivência de estirpe de Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4077) e Rhizobium freirei (SEMIA 4080), na nodulação das plantas e na produtividade da cultura. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios em substrato esterilizado, sob condições de casa de vegetação e um ensaio no campo experimental da Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, em Dourados, MS, num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Os fungicidas (princípios ativos) utilizados nos ensaios foram: (1) carbendazim + tiram (Produto A); (2) carbendazim + tiram (Produto B); (3) carboxin + tiram; (4) fludioxonil + metalaxil-M; (5) fludioxonil + metalaxil-M + tiabendazol; (6) fluazinam + tiofanato metílico; (7) fipronil + tiofanato metílico + piraclostrobina; (8) clorotalonil + tiofanato metílico. A sobrevivência das estirpes de R. tropici inoculadas nas sementes de feijoeiro foi afetada pela aplicação dos fungicidas, principalmente por aqueles com modo de ação de contato. Observou-se ainda, com a aplicação dos fungicidas, redução na nodulação das plantas de feijoeiro, especialmente da massa nodular, tanto nos ensaios conduzidos em substrato esterilizado, em casa de vegetação, quanto no experimento a campo, onde também observou-se redução na produtividade do feijoeiro pela aplicação da maioria dos fungicidas avaliados. Os fungicidas que mais afetaram o rendimento de grãos foram carbendazim + tiram (Produto B) e carboxin + tiram. Os produtos fipronil + tiofanato metílico + piraclostrobina, fludioxonil + metalaxil-M + tiabendazol e fludioxonil + metalaxil-M não afetaram a produtividade da cultura, embora a massa seca de nódulos tenha sido reduzida em todos os ensaios.