bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Explosive vs. Strength Resistance Training on Plantar Flexor Neuromuscular and Functional Capacities in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Magtouf Elmoetez , Peyrot Nicolas , Cherni Yosra , Chortane Oussema Gaied , Jolibois Jonathan , Rahmani Abderrahmane , Maktouf Wael
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To compare the effects of explosive resistance training (RT) to strength RT on neu-romuscular and functional parameters and to analyze the relationship between changes in walking speed and improvements in plantar flexor (PF) neuromuscular parameters following interven-tions.
Methods: 40 participants were randomly assigned to either an explosive RT group (EXG, n = 18; age = 80.41 ± 10.12 years; BMI = 22.89 ± 2.77 kg/m²) or a strength RT group (STG, n = 22; age = 82.89 ± 5.32 years; BMI = 23.81 ± 3.45 kg/m²). Both groups participated in the same PF RT regimen (3 sessions per week for 12 weeks), engaging in identical exercises. However, the EXG performed 3 to 5 sets of 12 to 14 repetitions at 40% to 45% of 1RM with a rapid concentric phase and a 3-second eccentric phase, while the STG performed 3 to 4 sets of 6 to 7 repetitions at 80% to 85% of 1RM, with both phases lasting approximately 3 seconds. Before and after the interventions, gait speed (m/s) was assessed using a 10-meter walking test, and relative maximal force (Relative F max, N/kg) was evaluated during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of PF. From the force-time curve, early (0 – 50 ms) and late (100 – 200 ms) rates of force development (RFD) were extracted from the linear slopes (Δ force / Δ time).
Results: Gait speed significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the improvement was more pronounced in the EXG compared to the STG (p < 0.05). Relative Fmax showed a more significant increase in the STG than in the EXG (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant 10% increase in early RFD in the STG and a 20.1% increase in the EXG were observed (p < 0.05). The improvement in early RFD was greater in the EXG (p < 0.05). Additionally, late RFD improved significantly only in the EXG (+20.4%, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Explosive RT appears particularly effective in improving the ability to rapidly gen-erate force, which is essential for many daily activities requiring explosive movements and quick responses.
High-Resolution Monitoring of Deforestation and Carbon Sequestration Using Satellite Data in Costa Rica
Authors: Navarro Andrea
Published: October 2024

This study aims to assess the impact of deforestation and carbon sequestration within the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica, using high-resolution satellite imagery from Planet NICFI and Sentinel-2. The research evaluates the impact of forest degradation on forest health and carbon absorption during two periods in 2024 (January and August). Advanced vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, EVI, and SAVI) were applied to assess changes in forest cover and health. Planet NICFI data revealed a 0.41% loss in forest cover, identifying subtle degradation less detectable with Sentinel-2. In terms of carbon sequestration, Sentinel-2 showed a modest increase in CO₂ absorption from 180,231.88 tons to 186,211.33 tons, while Planet NICFI indicated a decrease from 3,984,470.82 tons to 3,820,917.83 tons, suggesting forest degradation. These findings highlight the importance of high-resolution satellite imagery in detecting fine-scale disturbances that lower-resolution data might miss. However, the study’s short timeframe, covering only two periods in 2024, limits long-term trend analysis. The research underscores the need for improved remote sensing technologies and stronger legal frameworks to protect areas like Gandoca-Manzanillo from illegal logging. Despite programs like Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Costa Rica, significant challenges remain in protecting biodiversity-rich regions.
The Effect of an Anisotropic Scattering Rate on the Magnetoresistance of a Metal: A Cuprate-Inspired Analysis
Authors: Mirarchi Giovanni , Caprara Sergio
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the phenomenology of high-critical-temperature superconducting cuprates, we investigate the effect of an anisotropic scattering rate on the magnetoresistance of a metal, relying on Chambers’ solution to the Boltzmann equation. We find that if the scattering rate is enhanced near points of the Fermi surface with a locally higher density of states, an extended regime is found magnetoresistance that varies linearly with the magnetic field. We then apply our results to fit the experimental magnetoresistence of La1.6-xNd0.4SrxCuO4 and speculate about the possible source of anisotropic scattering.
Myokines and Their Potential Protective Role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Authors: Bucarey José Luis , Paules Evan M , Trujillo-Gonzalez Isis , Espinosa Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Myokines are peptides released by the skeletal muscle that exert effects on peripheral tissues, activating metabolic or protective pathways against oxidative stress and inflammation. Many myokines increase their plasma levels after exercise, providing new insights into the role of physical activity in combating sarcopenia and preventing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review aims to discuss the roles of specific myokines in activating intracellular pathways in the liver to protect against steatosis and lipoperoxidation in MASLD. The progression of liver disease from steatosis to cirrhosis is partially driven by ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death linked to oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation. Exercise-induced myokines, such as irisin, have been shown to upregulate antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are crucial in reducing ferroptosis in hepatic tissues. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the protective effects of myokines in the liver, particularly against lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in MASLD, and highlights exercise as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of this liver pathology.
Bioconvection and Mixed Convection Flow around a Vertical Thin Needle with Variable Surface Fluxes
Authors: Nima Nayema Islam , Hannan Mohammed Abdul
Published: October 2024

This work investigates mixed convection flow over a vertical thin needle with variable surface heat, mass, and microbial flux, incorporating the influence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These transformed equations are then numerically solved employing MATLAB's Bvp4c solver. The study's primary focus lies in examining the influence of various dimensionless parameters, including the mixed convection parameter, power-law index, buoyancy parameters, bioconvection parameters, and needle size parameter, on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microbe profiles. The results demonstrate that these parameters significantly impact surface (wall) temperature, surface fluid concentration, surface motile microbe concentration, and the corresponding velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles. The study's findings offer valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of mixed convection flow with bioconvection and have potential applications in diverse fields such as biomedicine and engineering.
Unveiling the Predictive Model for Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: microRNAs Expression, Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers
Authors: Duisenbek Ayauly , Avilés Pérez María D. , Pérez Miguel , Aguilar Benitez José Miguel , Pereira Pérez Víctor Roger , Ortega Juan Gorts , Ussipbek Botagoz , Yessenbekova Arailym , Lopez-Armas Gabriela C. , Ablaikhanova Nurzhanat , Olivieri Fabiola , Escames Germaine , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío , Rusanova Iryna
Published: October 2024

To evaluate new circulating markers related to macrovascular complications (MVC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we recruited 30 controls (CG), 34 patients with T2DM (DG), and 28 patients with T2DM and vascular complications (DG+C), among them, 22 presented MVC. Pe-ripheral blood was used to determine redox status (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GRd; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) and markers of oxidative damage (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; lipid pe-roxidation, LPO). Inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, MCP-1, TNF-α) and the relative expression of c-miRNAs were analyzed. The real-time PCR results showed that the expressions of miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-146a-3p, and miR-210-3p were significantly higher in the DG group compared to CG. DG+C group presented statistically relevant differences with CG for four miRs: the increased expression of miR-484-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-210-3p, and decreased for miR-126a-3p. Moreover, miR-126a-3p was significantly less expressed in DG+C compared to DG. The application of binary logistic regression analysis and construction of receiving operator characteristic curves (ROC) revealed two models with high predictive value for vascular complications presence: 1) HbAc1, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), LPO, GPx, SOD, miR-126, miR-484. 2) HbAc1, creatinine, TC, IL-6, LPO, miR-126, miR-484. Moreover, our data demonstrated that gender, TC, GPx, CAT, and miR-484 were associated with MVC and exhibited higher predictive values than classical variables. miR-126, miR-484, IL-6, SOD, CAT, and GPx participate in vascular damage development in the studied diabetic population and should be considered for future studies.
Analysis of Market Trends and Competitiveness of the Camelid Livestock Value Chain in the North of Chile
Authors: Barra Novoa Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

The Integrated Territorial Program (ITP) for the development of camelid livestock faces key challenges, such as low productivity and lack of infrastructure in the region. This program is aligned with the Territorial Agenda for Agricultural Innovation (FIA) and the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, prioritizing camelid livestock farming in Chile's highlands as a strategic productive resource. The methodology used is based on co-creation with stakeholders in the territory and comparative analysis to improve competitiveness. This document highlights the relevance of the ITP in a volatile and constantly changing global environment, and its contribution to the innovation and competitiveness of camelid livestock in the Arica and Parinacota region.
Bifurcation spot on the parametric portrait of the two-dimensional version of the Aliev—Panfilov model
Authors: Moskalenko Andrey Vitalievich , Makhortykh Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

For the first time, a parametric portrait of a two-dimensional version of the Aliev—Panfilov model is presented, indicating the position of the bifurcation boundary and the bifurcation spot on it. The difference between this model and the "classical" models of autowave processes is demonstrated. Some special cases of the behavior of an autowave vortex are presented, which have not been described in the scientific literature before. The publication is intended primarily for specialists in the fields of mathematical biology, mathematical physics of biological objects and biophysics.
Chitosan Crosslinking from Clam Shells (Cerithidea obtusa) with Tripolyphosphate for Cadmium (II) Adsorption
Authors: Koesnarpadi Soerja , Anuar Hajar , Widodo Nanang Tri , Hastuti Budi , Hadi Saptono
Published: October 2024

The study investigates chitosan crosslinking from clam shells (Cerithidea obtusa) with tripolyphosphate for cadmium (II) adsorption. Chitosan was prepared by deacetylating chitin using 60% NaOH and heating at 140°C for 60 minutes. Chitin was isolated from Cerithidea obtusa shells, an abundant waste in East Kalimantan. Crosslinking of chitosan with tripolyphosphate was synthesized via gelation methods, dissolving 5 g of chitosan in acetic acid and adding 0.1% tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. The chitosan-tripolyphosphate characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. FTIR spectra revealed an N-H vibration at 1635 cm−1, NH3+ deformation at 1534 cm−1, C-O stretching at 1072 cm−1, and P-O vibration at 1026.91 cm−1, indicating the presence of tripolyphosphate in chitosan. The XRD pattern showed broad peaks at 19.85° and 23.50°, characteristic of amorphous chitosan-tripolyphosphate. SEM images depicted a flat sheet without pores and a tight surface. Cadmium (II) adsorption on chitosan-tripolyphosphate at an optimum pH of 4 followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.8 mg/g. The results demonstrate that chitosan crosslinked with tripolyphosphate effectively for cadmium (II) adsorption.
Bibliometric Analysis Using Vosviewer on Research Trends in Marketing with the Theme of Green Buying Behavior in Google Scholar
Authors: Sudarsih Santi
Published: October 2024

This paper aim to explores the emerging focus on environmentally conscious consumer practices. Utilizing a bibliometric approach, the study examines 352 scholarly articles sourced from Google Scholar, utilizing the Publish or Perish application and VOSviewer software for data visualization and mapping.
Key findings highlight a steady increase in research interest, particularly after 2021, indicating a growing academic and practical emphasis on green buying behaviors. The study presents a chronological publication trend and identifies the most prolific publishers and researchers in the field. Additionally, the research network's mapping illustrates the central themes and connections among various factors influencing green buying behavior, such as consumer awareness, marketing strategies, and the environmental impact of consumer choices.
This comprehensive bibliometric analysis not only charts the evolution of research in this area but also suggests that increased attention to green marketing strategies could significantly influence consumer behavior. This is visually supported by network and density visualizations that depict the relationships and research intensity in the field, pointing to potential future directions for both academic study and practical marketing applications
Research Overview of Rural Logistics Distribution System for Agricultural Products
Authors: Hadi Suryadi , Sulaeman Miru
Published: October 2024

The logistics distribution of agricultural products in rural areas plays a key role in ensuring economic continuity and community welfare. This system connects agricultural producers with local and global markets, ensuring that products remain fresh and of high quality. However, rural logistics faces unique challenges, such as limited infrastructure, long distances, and inadequate technology. Efficiency in this system not only increases farmers' income but also price stability and product availability in the market. This study explores various elements that affect the logistics distribution system in rural areas, including road infrastructure, storage facilities, transportation technology, and distribution mechanisms. This study uses a systematic literature review approach to analyze data related to this topic. The analyzed articles are limited to articles published in the period between 2013 and 2024. The focus areas of global and Indonesian show a difference in research focus, with global scholars placing more emphasis on technological innovation and management practices, while research in Indonesia is more focused on supply chain analysis and distribution strategies. The main challenges of rural logistics in Indonesia include poor road infrastructure, inadequate storage, and price inequality due to intermediaries. Recommended solutions include infrastructure upgrades, the adoption of modern technology, and innovative distribution models such as farmer cooperatives and digital platforms. Further research is needed to identify solutions that can be implemented in different local contexts. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of a more efficient and effective rural logistics distribution system in Indonesia.
Analysis Of The Implementation Of E-Office X In The Business Archives Of PT X Head Office
Authors: Nadira Aulia Putri  , Marsofiyati  , Suherdi
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the implementation of E-Office X on Business Archives at PT X Head Office. Data for this research were obtained through several methods, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The analysis in this research was conducted using a descriptive analysis method to provide a comprehensive overview of how employees utilize the web-based E-Office in the systematic, factual, and accurate application of business archives based on the investigated facts. Therefore, this study is expected to provide in-depth insights into the utilization of E-Office on business archives and its impact on the administrative performance of PT X Head Office.
Validation of DASH and QuickDASH for Outcome Assessment of Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Treatment of Advanced Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Covarrubias Oscar , Agaisse Ty , Portnoff Brandon , Hoffman Ryan , Molino Janine , Paxton E. Scott , Green Andrew
Published: October 2024

Background:

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and its abbreviated version, QuickDASH, are commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for the assessment of an upper-extremity disability. Theoretically, they can be used to compare the treatment outcomes of different upper-extremity conditions. Despite increasingly widespread use for some shoulder conditions, these questionnaires have not been rigorously validated for use to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). The objective of this study was to validate the DASH and QuickDASH scores for a longitudinal outcome assessment of patients undergoing aTSA to treat advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA).

Methods:

In this study, 450 patients with a median age of 70.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] width, 11.7 years) were included; 52.4% of the patients were female. The DASH and QuickDASH questionnaires, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire were completed preoperatively and at follow-ups of 3 months, 6 to 12 months, and a minimum of 2 years by patients undergoing aTSA. The criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the DASH and QuickDASH were assessed.

Results:

The DASH and QuickDASH scores demonstrated moderate to very strong correlations with the ASES scores (ρ = −0.83 to −0.62), SST scores (ρ = −0.73 to −0.55), and EQ-5D scores (ρ = −0.72 to −0.57); minimal floor or ceiling effects; internal consistency (Cronbach alpha > 0.80); and large Cohen d and standardized response means (<1.6) at all time points. Very strong positive correlations were observed between the DASH and QuickDASH scores at all time points (ρ = 0.96 to 0.97).

Conclusions:

The DASH and QuickDASH scores, which are region-specific rather than shoulder-specific, are valid, reliable, and responsive PROMs for the evaluation of patients with advanced GHOA treated with aTSA. Therefore, the DASH and QuickDASH scores can be used to compare the outcomes of aTSA for the treatment of advanced GHOA with the outcomes of treatment of other upper-extremity disorders, potentially facilitating comparative cost-effectiveness and value analysis studies.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analisis Spasial Bencana Banjir Di Kota Padang Periode Tahun 2020-2024
Authors: Harvia Rykhe , Juita Erna , Despica Rika
Published: October 2024

During the period of 2020-2024, the frequency and intensity of flooding in the City of Padang showed a significant increase, impacting the community. This study aims to: 1) identify the spatial distribution of flood disasters in the City of Padang, 2) classify the types of floods that occurred, and 3) identify the impact of floods on damage and losses. This type of research is quantitative, with the population being all sub-districts in the City of Padang. The sample was taken using total sampling, covering all sub-districts affected by flooding, totaling 11 sub-districts, including Padang Barat, Padang Utara, Padang Timur, Padang Selatan, Nanggalo, Kuranji, Lubuk Begalung, Lubuk Kilangan, Pauh, Koto Tangah, and Bungus Teluk Kabung. The data analysis technique used is spatial analysis. The results of the study show that there were 121 flood events distributed across various sub-districts, with the highest occurrences in Koto Tangah (56 events) and the fewest in Padang Barat (2 events). Floods in the City of Padang are classified into three categories: fluvial floods, tidal floods, and flash floods. Fluvial floods are the most common, while tidal floods occur in Padang Barat, and flash floods occur in Lubuk Begalung. The impact of the floods includes damage and losses; Lubuk Begalung experienced the most significant damage, with 70 houses affected, and the largest losses occurred in Pauh in 2023, amounting to Rp1,786,150,000, while the lowest losses occurred in Koto Tangah in 2022, amounting to Rp18,000,000.
INVESTMENT POLICY, GEOPOLITICAL RISK AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS: INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Tekin Hasan
Published: October 2024

In today’s world, given the increasing importance of geopolitical risk (GPR), this study investigates the impact of GPR on corporate investment, or capital expenditure, of nonfinancial firms considering institutional settings. Utilising data on 337,399 firm-years from 42 countries for the period 1996-2021 (retrieved from Datastream), empirical findings show that firms in higher GPR countries present fewer investment opportunities. Namely, firms use capital expenditures as a substitute for GPR. Next, the negative impact of governance on capital expenditures across the whole sample remains for the firms in civil law countries. However, it reverts to positive for those in common law countries. In other words, capital expenditures are a substitute for (outcome of) governance in civil (common) law countries.Overall, investors should be concerned about the level of GPR, governance, and legal system when determining where to invest. Policymakers should consider GPR and institutional quality to attract foreign investors.
Estudio de correlación entre la generación de valor economic value added (EVA) y el market value added (MVA) para las empresas de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia durante el periodo 2016-2021
Authors: Jiménez-Méndez Edgar Ricardo , Cortés-Villafradez Raúl Alberto
Published: October 2024

En esta investigación se ha analizado la relación entre el economic value added (EVA) y el market value added (MVA). Dichos indicadores han sido utilizados como medida de desempeño empresarial en términos de generación de valor agregado. El trabajo se ha desarrollado mediante un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, utilizando como herramienta el análisis correlacional. Para el desarrollo de este, ha sido empleada como variable dependiente el valor de mercado agregado, y como variable independiente el valor económico agregado, tomando como base la información financiera de 29 empresas colombianas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia, para el periodo comprendido entre los años 2016 y 2021. Para realizar los cálculos de los dos indicadores mencionados, se ha tenido en cuenta el costo promedio ponderado del capital, el retorno del capital invertido y la utilidad operativa después de impuestos. El resultado del estudio sugiere que existe una correlación positiva y significativa entre el EVA y el MVA, de manera similar a estudios previos realizados para compañías de otros países. De igual manera, se cumple, para el caso colombiano, que el MVA resulta ser el valor presente del EVA, cuando este descuenta con la tasa del costo promedio ponderado del capital.
The Relationship between Safety Climate and Job Satisfaction Among Employees in a Tire Manufacturing Company
Authors: Vosoughi Shahram , Shekaftik Soqrat Omari , Arbousara Fatemeh Shabani , Noushabadi Zhaleh Sedghi
Published: October 2024

Background
Job satisfaction influences individuals' motivation to comply with safety regulations and actively participate in safety initiatives. This research aimed to investigate the influence of safety climate on job satisfaction and determine the relative importance of these variables among employees employed in a tire manufacturing organization. Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 280 randomly selected individuals working in a tire manufacturing company in Tehran province, Iran in the year 2018–2019. Simple random sampling was used for this study. The data collection process involved the utilization of Dante's job satisfaction questionnaire and the NOSACQ Nordic Safety climate questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 29.0 and R programming language version 4.2.2, employing statistical tests including the Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc Dunn test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation test, and Multiple Quantile Regression. Results: The findings revealed that the results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between job satisfaction and factors, including the overall safety climate score, history of workplace accidents, and educational status (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings undeniably underscore the crucial role of safety climate in influencing employees' job satisfaction levels within the tire manufacturing industry. Future research should delve deeper into the relationship between safety climate and job satisfaction using longitudinal and qualitative methods.
Whole Cancer Cell Vaccine Protects Ovarian Functions in Tumor-bearing Mice through Downregulating CXCL10
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Cong-Rong , Xie Shi-Ya , Zhang Shu-Ping , Yang Zhixia , Luo Fu-Qiang , Yang Yan-Jie , Wang Qian , Zhou Hong , Guan Yi-Chun , Wei Zhao-Lian , Cao Yun-Xia , Wang Feng-Song , Zhang Cui-Lian
Published: October 2024

Young female patients with cancer are likely to become sub-fertile or infertile even if they ultimately overcome cancer through various therapies. Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising novel therapy against cancers with high malignancy and lethality, but it is unclear whether cancer immunotherapy affects female fertility. This study employed MCA205 cell-allotransplanted B6 mice as a model to investigate whether two popular immunotherapies—PD-1 monoclonal antibody (PD-1) therapy and whole cancer cell vaccine (WCV) therapy—affect ovarian function. MCA205 allotransplanted (M) mice exhibited decreased follicle numbers at each stage, decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and a decreased oocyte maturation rate. WCV treatment significantly reversed these abnormalities, whereas PD-1 did not. RNA sequencing of the ovaries revealed that multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in inflammation pathways. Furthermore, cytokine microarray characterized CXCL10 with both biggest increment in M group and best rescue in WCV group. Next, CXCL10 antibody Immunoprecipitation in ovarian lysate and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) baited the only receptor IL18R1. Furthermore, we found that CXCL10 impaired ovarian function through three pathways: inducing ovarian fibrosis through CXCL10→IL18R1→p-JNK→COL1A1, promoting primordial follicle overactivation through CXCL10→IL18R1→p-AKT, and increasing ovarian inflammation through CXCL10→IL18R1→p-P65. Finally, we rescued the decreased ovarian function in the M group by blocking the CXCL10→IL18R1 pathway with CXCL10 antibody or a CXCL10–IL18R1 interface peptide, CIBB. This study provides mechanical evidence and translational strategies for WCVs to achieve the dual functions of suppressing tumor progression while protecting ovarian function.
Enhanced Gene-Disease Association and Carrier Screening by Homozygous Mutation Carriers: A Study of Genotypes and Clinical Phenotypes in 17 IRD Families with Homozygous Mutations in Northern China
Authors: Fan Xue , Li Zhen , Sha Lingzhi , Sheng Xunlun , Rong Weining
Published: October 2024

In this study, patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) who visited Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2015 to September 2023 were analyzed. Through whole genome exon sequencing (WES) and Sanger verification, 17 probands carrying homozygous mutations were detected. The association between the genotype and clinical phenotype of patients with homozygous variants was analyzed. Among all the patients, 3 patients (17.6%) had a family history of consanguineous marriage, and the onset age of 5 patients(29.41%) was less than 10 years. According to 12 patients (70.59% ), they had the best corrected visual acuity (monocular) < 0.3. 3 were blind, 9 with moderate to severe visual impairment, and 2 with mild visual impairment. 16 homozygous variants were detected on 9 different genes, of which 7 were de novo homozygous variants, including frameshift variants, missense variants, and a copy number variant. These mutations are related to clinical phenotypes such as Usher syndrome type II (USHⅡ), Stargardt disease (STGD), Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) respectively. The results of the study indicate that more than 80% of homozygous variant carriers originated from non-consanguineous families, emphasizing the significance of genetic screening for individuals who lack a family history of consanguineous marriage and no obvious clinical phenotypes, but who may carry genetic pathogenic variants for genetic diseases. Furthermore, analysis of patient genotypes and clinical phenotypes further expanded the spectrum of mutations in pathogenic genes for IRDs and the spectrum of clinical phenotypes for variants in known genes, and identifying couples at high fertility risk and individuals with moderate or greater severity IRDs can provide a basis for genetic counseling, reproductive decision-making, disease prevention, and management.
Significance of intrarenal vascular lesions in Ig A nephropathy prognosis
Authors: Yang Hyeon Tae , Park Tae In , Kim Yong-Jin , Kim Mee-seon , Park Sun-Hee , Lim Jeong-Hoon , Kang Yuna , Kim DongJa , Han Man-Hoon
Published: October 2024

Background
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the predominant primary glomerulonephritis globally and remains a subject of active research with a focus on understanding its course and prognosis. Although vascular lesions are associated with IgAN, the current histopathological grading systems do not consider intrarenal vascular lesions when predicting patient prognosis. Therefore, this retrospective study, conducted at Kyungpook National University Hospital between October 2016 and December 2021, aimed to elucidate the significance of intrarenal vascular lesions in IgAN by comparing the clinical data of patients with and without such lesions.
Methods
Data of patients with biopsy-confirmed primary IgAN between October 2016 and June 2021 at Kyungpook National University Hospital (Daegu, South Korea) were collected, and their medical records were reviewed. All slides from these 138 cases were independently pathologically reviewed by two nephropathologists (Y. J. K. and M. S. K.) using light microscope. The vascular lesions included in this study were fibrous intimal thickening, arteriolar wall thickening, and arteriolar hyalinosis. All cases were reviewed according to the Oxford Classification of IgA Nephropathy (2016) and Haas classification.
Results
Of the 138 patients, 88 exhibited at least one intrarenal vascular lesion. Patients with arteriolar wall thickening demonstrated a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), elevated serum creatinine level and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, an increased proportion of global glomerulosclerosis, and a higher histologic grade of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy at the time of biopsy.
Conclusion
Arteriolar wall thickening in IgAN are associated with reduced eGFR and global glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, reduced eGFR and global glomerulosclerosis are correlated with the progression to end-stage renal disease. Although the direct correlation between vascular lesions and end-stage renal disease is not entirely clear, a marginally significant association (log-rank test, p = 0.06) was observed with arterial wall thickening. This study suggests the potential importance of vascular lesions in the prognosis of IgAN, encouraging further investigation using larger cohort studies to establish a clearer association.
The burden, trends, and risk factors for osteoarthritis in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions until 2035
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Chen Jung , Zhong Jiaming , Wang Huajun , Zha Zhengang , Jiao Genlong , Zheng Xiaofei
Published: October 2024

Objective: This research estimated osteoarthritis (OA) disease burden, trends, and risk variables in China from 1990 to 2019 and projected OA burden till 2035.
Methods: From the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, data on incident cases, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and age-standardized rates (ASR) for OA were retrieved. We used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to do trend analysis, while a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to forecast OA tends to 2035. Besides, the burden attributed to OA risk factors was also assessed.
Results: The incidence, prevalence and DALY of OA increased 36%, 35%, and 40%, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2019. In China, knee OA was the most widespread, followed by hand OA, and hip OA is the least prevalent. The disease burden of OA was more severe among females than males, with differences in distribution between age groups. The ASIR of OA patients had risen steadily over the last 30 years and was expected to decrease somewhat over the next 15 years. In 2019, all risk variables contributed 12% of OA DALYs. The primary risk variables for OA DALYs were a high body mass index and advancing age.
Conclusion: The disease burden of OA in China has increased steadily over the last 30 years, but this trend will become less prominent or perhaps reverse during the next 15 years. High body mass index (BMI) has gradually emerged as an important factor in the disease burden of OA.
Legume intensification leads to social-ecological win-win outcomes globally
Authors: Cruz Daniel , Archibald Carla , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Casey Elodie , Tulloch Ayesha
Published: October 2024

Despite strong evidence that input-intensified agriculture cannot simultaneously achieve positive outcomes for people and nature, increased synthetic inputs are still supported by many governments. Crop diversification introducing legume intercropping and rotations is increasingly proposed as an alternative to sustainable intensify agri-food production. However, few studies have explored the joint social-ecological impacts of this type of sustainable intensification. We systematically review 382 grain legume intensification cases in 183 studies globally, and find win-win outcomes for nature (ecosystem services and biodiversity) and human well-being in 42% of cases, with a further 41% having predominantly positive outcomes. Unlike input-intensified agriculture, our review demonstrates that social-ecological win–win outcomes in agriculture are possible, and outcomes for economic and non-economic well-being increase when provisioning services and biodiversity are increased. We find clear trade-offs between nature and well-being in only 6% of cases, suggesting that legume diversification is a promising pathway to achieving sustainable development goals.
Early COVID-19 and protection from Omicron in a highly vaccinated population in Ontario, Canada: a matched prospective cohort study
Authors: Shigayeva Altynay , Kandel Christopher , Farooqi Lubna , Zhong Zoe , Gingras Anne-Claude , Coleman Brenda , Gilbert Lois , Gold Wayne L. , Major Maria , Mazzulli Tony , Mubareka Samira , Vojicic Jelena , Yang Jingyan , Zhang Pingping , Martin Catherine , Kyaw Moe H. , McLaughlin John M. , McGeer Allison
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Predictions regarding the on-going burden of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine recommendations, require an understanding of infection-associated immune protection. We assessed whether early COVID-19 provided protection against Omicron infection.
Methods: We enrolled a cohort of adults in Ontario, Canada, with COVID-19 prior to October 2020 (early infection, EI), and a matched cohort with COVID-19 testing and a negative PCR (non-EI). Participants completed baseline then bi-weekly surveys until January 2023. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with COVID-19 infection during the first 14 months of Omicron.
Results: Overall, 624 EI (70%) and 175 (77%) non-EI participants met criteria for analysis; 590 (95%) EI and 164 (94%) non-EI had received at least 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses prior to Omicron. Of 624 EI, 175 (28%) had one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection and 8 (1.3%) had two, compared to 84 (48%) non-EI participants with one, 5 (2.9%) with two and 1 (0.6%) with 3 infections (P<0.0001). In multivariable analysis of risk factors for Omicron infection, the overall hazard ratio (HR, 95%CI) associated with EI was 0.56 (0.43-0.74); HRs for BA.1/2, BA.4/5 and mixed BA.5/BQ.1/XBB periods were 0.66 (0.45-0.97), 0.44 (0.28-0.68) and 0.71 (0.32-1.56). EI and BA.1/2 infection combined reduced later Omicron infection (HR 0.07 (0.03-0.21) compared to no prior infection. Older age, non-White ethnicity, no children in household, and lower neighbourhood income were associated with reduced risk of infection.
Conclusions: In our highly vaccinated population, early SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a 44% reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 during the first 14 months of Omicron. Infection in combination with vaccination appears to provide considerably more durable protection against infection than either alone.
Low-dose ATG/PTCy for graft-versus-host disease prevention in haploidentical transplantation: influences of ATG doses and pre-ATG absolute lymphocyte count
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Hong Jian , Liang Xinglin , Ni Jing , Ruan Min , Long Zhangbiao , Dai Jifei , Liang Li , Yang Mingya , Zhang Shihao , Ge Jian , yang mingzhen
Published: October 2024

The combination of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has been administered for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis of haploidentical transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in recent years. However, the optimal doses of ATG and PTCy are yet to be determined. Here, we report the joint use of low-dose ATG (7.5 or 5 mg/Kg) and PTCy (29 mg/Kg) for GVHD prophylaxis in our center and analyze the impact of different ATG doses and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) before ATG infusion. Fifty-one consecutive leukemia patients who underwent haplo-HSCT with this regimen were included, with 27 and 24 patients receiving 7.5 and 5.0 mg/Kg ATG, respectively. The 100-day cumulative incidences (CIs) of grade I-IV, II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 42.0%, 34.0% and 12.0%, respectively. no significant difference on acute GVHD was observed between two ATG groups. Interestingly, with a cutoff point of 0.585×109/L, low pre-ATG ALC group (18 patients) showed reduced CIs of grade I-IV (16.7% versus 56.3%, p=0.01), II-IV (16.7% versus 43.8%, p=0.07) and III-IV (0 versus 18.8%, p=0.05%) acute GVHD as compared to high ALC group (32 patients). The results suggested that this low-dose ATG/PTCy regimen was feasible and pre-ATG ALC levels could influence the occurrence of acute GVHD in this regimen.
Attenuated processing of vowels in the left hemisphere predicts speech-in-noise perception deficit in children with autism
Authors: Fadeev Kirill A. , Reyes Ilacai V. Romero , Goiaeva Dzerassa E. , Obukhova Tatiana S. , Ovsiannikova Tatiana M. , Prokofyev Andrey O. , Rytikova Anna M. , Novikov Artem Y. , Kozunov Vladimir V. , Stroganova Tatiana A. , Orekhova Elena V.
Published: October 2024

Background
Difficulties with speech-in-noise perception in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be associated with impaired analysis of speech sounds, such as vowels, which represent the fundamental phoneme constituents of human speech. Vowels elicit early (< 100 ms) sustained processing negativity (SPN) in the auditory cortex that reflects the detection of an acoustic pattern based on the presence of formant structure and/or periodic envelope information (f0) and its transformation into an auditory “object”.
Methods
We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and individual brain models to investigate whether SPN is altered in children with ASD and whether this deficit is associated with impairment in their ability to perceive speech in the background of noise. MEG was recorded while boys with ASD and typically developing boys passively listened to sounds that differed in the presence/absence of f0 periodicity and formant structure. Word-in-noise perception was assessed in the separate psychoacoustic experiment using stationary and amplitude modulated noise with varying signal-to-noise ratio.
Results
SPN was present in both groups with similarly early onset. In children with ASD, SPN associated with processing formant structure was reduced predominantly in the cortical areas lateral to and medial to the primary auditory cortex, starting at ~ 150–200 ms after the stimulus onset. In the left hemisphere, this deficit correlated with impaired ability of children with ASD to recognize words in amplitude-modulated noise, but not in stationary noise
Conclusions
These results suggest that perceptual grouping of vowel formants into phonemes is impaired in children with ASD and that, in the left hemisphere, this deficit contributes to their difficulties with speech perception in fluctuating background noise.
Comprehensive Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters for Green Fodder Yield and Quality Traits in Indian Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: THAKUR MUKUND KUMAR , THAILAPPAN EZHILARASI , RAMAMOORTHY PUSHPAM , KAVITHA S , S.R RANGASAMI
Published: October 2024

Target traits in hybrid breeding programs are crucial as they are highly responsive to gene action and combining ability. The line × tester method aids in understanding the genetic interactions influencing these traits, enabling the development of superior hybrids by selecting parent combinations that optimize heterosis or hybrid vigor. The study involved 23 forage cowpea genotypes and 3 testers, resulting in 69 F1 hybrids produced at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was conducted over two cropping seasons (2023–2024) at the New Area Farm Experimental Station. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was employed. The line × tester interaction was highly significant for all traits, indicating the impact of additive and non-additive gene expression variations. Notably, specific genotypes displayed significant General Combining Ability (GCA) effects: GETC 21 for Crude Protein (CPR), GETC 49 for Number of Leaves (NOL) and CPR, and CL 348 for Dry Matter Yield (DMY) and Crude Fiber (CFR). Additionally, hybrids demonstrated substantial Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects, particularly CS 98 × CO 9 and CL 321-1 × CO(FC) 8 for DMY, and GETC 49 × CO(FC) 8 and GETC 49 × CO 9 for days to fifty percent flowering (DFF). Mid-parent heterosis was evident, with IFC 9402 × CO(FC) 8 showing the highest heterosis for plant height and FD 1052 × TNFC0926 for CPR. These results underscore the importance of selecting lines and testers with high GCA and hybrids with high SCA to enhance Green Forage Yield (GFY), DMY, CPR, CFR, and NOL in forage cowpea. This approach promises the development of new, high-yielding, and nutritionally superior cowpea varieties.
Lexical Affix Productivity in the History of English: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Peukert Hagen
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the development of lexical affixation throughout the last 700 years of the English language. More specifically, it pursues two objectives. First, a short outline of the methodological approaches will be devised reaching from stand-alone applications (Peukert 2014) and shared-work solutions (Peukert 2018) to requesting the OED RESTful API. Second, two sets of results will be presented. The first set includes overall aggregations of all productive affixes as well as their shares on the total number of each affix type. The second set of results elaborates on two interesting cases chosen from highly productive prefixes and suffixes. The contribution closes with a short discussion on alternative explanations and limitations of the chosen approach. Although the affix token frequencies by and large replicate the findings in Peukert (2016), which are based on type frequencies, the presented data substantiate the idea that, in terms of lexical morpheme usage, English reveals more and more characteristics of a prefixing language.
Framework Proposal: A Semantic Feature Analysis of Kennings to Support Their Role in Aiding Word Retrieval in Oral Old English Poetry
Authors: Buzec Mihaela
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of kennings’ use in Old English (OE) poetry beyond their rhetorical power, more specifically, their role as mnemonic devices. Generally, kennings are used to refer to a certain entity using a more complex and descriptive way, more than one individual tag. This way of encoding referents seems to carry more than aesthetic value for poets and bards. Seeing as Old English poetry is oral in nature, I believe there is an argument to be made for the use of specific structures that can aid word and context retrieval, especially in longer-form content. As such, kennings would function as anchors, and I argue that they function this way because they contain semantic information that supports word retrieval. The framework for analysing this type of word formation is based on semantic feature analysis, which is a protocol used in the therapy of aphasia and anomia to improve word retrieval in post-stroke patients. Beyond this analysis, this paper will argue for the importance of considering alternate, novel techniques and methodologies for the study of Old English and for the diachronic study of language altogether, hoping to help bridge the gap between different areas of research.
Digging into Old English Legal Compounds
Authors: Fruscione Daniela , Vezzosi Letizia
Published: October 2024

Word-formation in Old English has long been subject to several important studies, both from a theoretical and textual. Special attention has been given to compounding especially as a means to cope with the new concepts and notions present in Latin texts. Although often quoted, compounds in the Anglo-Saxon laws has been so far neglected. The present paper aims to partially fill the gap. Focussing on the early legal codes, from Æthelberht to Ine, we will categorise compounds in laws in a sort of typology and analyse them according their formal features. The difficulty in the determination of the semantic relationship between their constituents lead us to the hypothesis that, due to the close intertwining between law and its society, compounds are a mirror either backwards previous stages of the language (e.g. drihtinbeag ‘fine for slaying a freeman’ where drihtin retains its pre-Christian meaning) or forwards to future changes (e.g. the loss of grammatical gender, as in liblac ‘witchcraft’), but are also the results of a long process to develop a legal terminology. Therefore, to understand them one has to dig into each individual law.