bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL COAL TRADE ON COMPLEX NETWORK
Authors: Chen Xiaoci , Tan Zhanglu , Li Siwen
Published: February 2022

This paper builds a complex network of weighted and directed coal trade based on the international coal trade data in the United Nations trade database from 1999 to 2018, specifically analyzes the trade scale, trade relations, and trade distribution and other characteristics of international coal trade, and determines the main trade core countries and trade hub countries. The results show that the scale of international coal trade has grown steadily, but the transformation of trade relations is complicated. Especially in the context of increasing trade frictions, trade links between countries have decreased significantly, trade balance has declined, and trade agglomeration has increased. Australia, the United States, Japan and other countries are big coal trading countries, while the United States, South Africa, India and other countries are important trading hubs. Based on the theory of competitive advantage, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures for different countries to enhance their competitive advantages.
Emission-line Variability during a Nonthermal Outburst in the Gamma-Ray Bright Quasar 1156+295
Authors: Hallum Melissa K. , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Larionov Valeri M. , Marscher Alan P. , Joshi Manasvita , Weaver Zachary R. , Williamson Karen E. , Agudo Iván , Borman George A. , Casadio Carolina , Fuentes Antonio , Grishina Tatiana S. , Kopatskaya Evgenia N. , Larionova Elena G. , Larionova Liyudmila V. , Morozova Daria A. , Nikiforova Anna A. , Savchenko Sergey S. , Troitsky Ivan S. , Troitskaya Yulia V. , Vasilyev Andrey A.
Published: February 2022

We present multi-epoch optical spectra of the γ-ray bright blazar 1156+295 (4C +29.45, Ton 599) obtained with the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope. During a multiwavelength outburst in late 2017, when the γ-ray flux increased to 2.5 × 10−6 phot cm−2 s−1 and the quasar was first detected at energies ≥100 GeV, the flux of the Mg ii
λ2798 emission line changed, as did that of the Fe emission complex at shorter wavelengths. These emission-line fluxes increased along with the highly polarized optical continuum flux, which is presumably synchrotron radiation from the relativistic jet, with a relative time delay of ≲2 weeks. This implies that the line-emitting clouds lie near the jet, which points almost directly toward the line of sight. The emission-line radiation from such clouds, which are located outside the canonical accretion-disk related broad-line region, may be a primary source of seed photons that are up-scattered to γ-ray energies by relativistic electrons in the jet.
ALMA High-frequency Long-baseline Campaign in 2017: An Investigation of Phase-referencing Cycle Times and Effective Baseline Lengths Using Band-to-band and In-band Phase Calibration Techniques
Authors: Maud Luke T. , Asaki Yoshiharu , Dent William R. F. , Hirota Akihiko , Fomalont Edward B. , Takahashi Satoko , Matsushita Satoki , Phillips Neil M. , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Corder Stuartt , Carpenter John
Published: February 2022

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array can achieve unprecedented spatial resolutions of 15 to 5 mas with the longest baselines of 16 km and observing at the highest frequencies of 275–950 GHz (1.09–0.30 mm). Two conditions are paramount for successful observations at these frequencies: a phase calibrator in close proximity to the science target and a stable-enough atmosphere to provide a low residual phase rms post-phase-referencing. We investigate the effect of phase-referencing cycle times, for in-band and band-to-band (B2B) observing techniques, using close and distant phase calibrators, at bands 7, 8, and 9 for baselines >2000 m. We find that (1) the phase rms estimated from baselines longer than the effective baseline increases as a function of

time

. (2) The expected coherence estimated using the expected phase rms corresponds well to the achieved image coherence. (3) Faster phase-referencing cycle times (<1 minute) improve phase calibration accuracy and image coherence when close phase calibrators (<2°) are used. (4) For cycle times <2 minutes the negative impact of distant phase calibrators dominates the phase error budget. We also explore whether a theoretical parameterization of the effective baseline used to estimate the phase rms and a phase stability measurement, combined with an empirical parameterization of coherence degradation as a function of calibrator separation, is suitable in estimating the expected coherence of target images. The latter proves to be more accurate. Finally, we illustrate a pragmatic approach in establishing an optimal observing strategy via dynamic cycle times and on-calibrator scan lengths.
Optical Confirmation of X-Ray-selected Galaxy Clusters from the Swift AGN and Cluster Survey with MDM and Pan-STARRS Data. III
Authors: Bhatiani Saloni , Dai Xinyu , Griffin Rhiannon D. , Nugent Jenna M. , Kochanek Christopher S. , Bregman Joel N.
Published: February 2022

To understand structure formation in the universe and impose stronger constraints on the cluster mass function and cosmological models, it is important to have large galaxy cluster catalogs. The Swift AGN and Cluster Survey is a serendipitous X-ray survey aimed at building a large statistically selected X-ray cluster catalog with 442 cluster candidates in its first release. Our initial SDSS follow-up study confirmed 50% of clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint as z < 0.5 clusters. Here we present further optical follow-up analysis of 248 (out of 442) cluster candidates from the Swift cluster catalog using multiband imaging from the MDM 2.4 m telescope and the Pan-STARRS survey. We report the optical confirmation of 55 clusters with >3σ galaxy overdensities and detectable red sequences in the color–magnitude space. The majority of these confirmed clusters have redshifts z < 0.6. The remaining candidates are potentially higher-redshift clusters that are excellent targets for infrared observations. We report the X-ray luminosity and the optical richness for these confirmed clusters. We also discuss the distinction between X-ray and optical observables for the detected and nondetected cluster candidates.
Profile of Obesity and Comorbidities and their Correlation among Hemodialysis Patients, Elbasan
Authors: Elezi Brunilda , Topi Skender , Abazaj Erjona
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, obesity is an enormous problem in the public health of undeveloped countries and developing countries. Being overweight, especially obesity in internal organs contributes to increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease. There is no complete data available in our country on the correlation between obesity and comorbidity diseases among persons undergoing dialysis. So we do not know how BMI affects Diabetic or Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) patients among dialysis patients. We, therefore, undertook this study to evaluate the association of obesity with mobility in hemodialysis patients at the Elbasan dialysis center.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was performed in 160 patients who have undergone the dialysis process at Elbasan Dialysis Center for three years (2016-2018). A standardized questionnaire was adopted to obtain data from all patients. The subjects were divided a priory into 4 categories based on the body mass index (BMI) (underweight <19, normal 19-25, pre-obese 25-30 and obese ≥30 kg/m2). Software SPSS version 20.0 is used to analyze and evaluate the data. Kaplan-Meier estimate were used to find the correlation between BMI with their prognostic abilities like cardiovascular disease and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. We have considered statistically significant every p value less than 0.05.
RESULT: Over all 160 patients, the men presented the highest number of cases compared to female 73.1% and 26.9% respectively. The mean age resulted 52.7 ± 15.6 years and age groups 50-59 years old and 60-69 years old with 29.4% and 34.3% respectively were the most frequent in this study. About the category of BMI index 8.8% patients resulted underweight, 45% were in normal weight, 28.2% were pre-obese and 6.6% were obese. We observed significant correlations between BMI and some of the demographic data such as: gender, age, place of residence, educational level, smoking and alcohol consumption for p <0.05. Changes in patient survival rates between BMI with DMT2 and cardiovascular disease are not statistically significant (long range p> 0.05). In terms of mortality, a strong significant correlation was observed with the age of 50-69 years and with the index of hemoglobin, urea and creatinine after dialysis with p value <0.05.
CONCLUSION: In the paradoxical epidemiology, the overweight becomes chronic on hemodialysis patients and serves as a protective factor which is associated with better survival, but we weren`t found significant association between the BMI and some of the variables analyzed. This study presents a small number of chronic patients on hemodialysis center in Elbasan city. There is a need to better understand the reverse epidemiological causes in individuals on dialysis, which can help us improve the poor outcome in this population.
The Study of Drug-Related Problems in Pediatric Inpatients Utilizing Antibiotics in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Embun Suci , Muchtar Rasmadin , Syahputra Rony Abdi
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Drug-related problems (DRPs) and errors occur frequently in general health and pediatric care due to several reasons. AIM: This study aims to determine the DRPs incidence in pediatric inpatients utilizing antibiotics in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was carried out in May–July 2019 using a retrospective cross-sectional method and the data obtained from June to December 2018. RESULTS: In the aforementioned hospital, the medical records of patients were 575 among which 135 (23.47%) met the inclusion criteria and the males, 84 (62.22%) were higher than females. Furthermore, majority of them, 55 (40.74%) were 5–11 years old, and 86 (63.70%) had a maximum stay length of ≥5 days. There were 73 DRPs events in 37 patients, namely, 46 (63.01%) low doses, 22 (30.14%) overdoses, 2 (2.74%) side effects of drugs, and 3 (4.11%) drug interactions. The most experienced antibiotic DRPs were in cefotaxime 14 (19.17%) and the most diagnosed was in appendicitis 14 (10.37%) utilization. CONCLUSION: There were antibiotic DRPs in pediatric inpatients in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan.
Daphnoretin from Carthamus tinctorius as a Potential Inflammatory Inhibitor in COVID-19 by Binding to Toll-like Receptor-4: An in silico Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Hansur Lismayana , Louisa Melva , Wuyung Puspita Eka , Fadilah Fadilah
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients has contributed to many morbidities and mortalities in patients. Studies have found that toll-like receptors (TLRs) and some Fc receptors play essential roles in the hyperactivation of the immune system. Up to date, researchers are still in progress to discover effective and safe drugs to alleviate the hyperinflammatory state in COVID-19. The previous studies had shown that Carthamus tinctorius and its bioactive compounds might have anti-inflammatory activities in animal models.

AIM: We aimed to investigate the possible interactions of several flavonoids from C. tinctorius with several immune system components using a biocomputational approach.

METHODS: Molecular docking was done using the AutoDock program based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) COVID-19 pathway. The most suitable receptors found were studied to study the interactions with several flavonoids from C. tinctorius.

RESULTS: TLR4, TLR8, and FcγRIIa were found to bind with SARS CoV2 inflammatory pathway and further selected as macromolecules for potential interactions study with 22 flavonoids from C. tinctorius. Of the 22 flavonoids studied, daphnoretin showed the best binding affinity with TLR4 and Rutin was shown to attach best with FcγRIIa. Unlike its excellent binding to TLR4, daphnoretin showed weak binding to TLR8.

CONCLUSION: Daphnoretin showed an excellent affinity with TLR4 and might be a good candidate as an inhibitor in hyperinflammatory reactions in COVID-19 DTLR8.
On the $ k $-error linear complexity of binary sequences of periods $ p^n $ from new cyclotomy
Authors: Edemskiy Vladimir ,   Department of Applied Mathematics and Information Science, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, 173003, Russia, Wu Chenhuang ,   Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, China,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the $ k $-error linear complexity of binary sequences with periods $ p^n $, which are derived from new generalized cyclotomic classes modulo a power of an odd prime $ p $. We establish a recursive relation and then estimate the $ k $-error linear complexity of the binary sequences with periods $ p^n $, the results extend the case $ p^2 $ that has been studied in an earlier work of Wu et al. at 2019. Our results show that the $ k $-error linear complexity of these sequences does not decrease dramatically for $ k < (p^{n}-p^{n-1})/2 $.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANLLENGES OF CHINA’S SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
Authors: Ko Shinjun , Shinoda Takeshi
Published: February 2022

China’s shipbuilding industry has undergone remarkable progress since 1979 when China adopted the reform and open-up policy. This paper attempts to examine China’s shipbuilding industry, analyse its rise and the key factors behind, examine the challenges facing China’s shipbuilding industry, and probe the outlook of the industry. The objective is to gain a clearer understanding of the fundamental problems of China’s shipbuilding industry and the actions being taken by the industry to overcome the problems. The conclusion it draws is that China’s shipbuilding industry has fulfilled its key role in supporting China’s continuous development; however how it can continue to flourish in the new digital and green era is yet unclear.
HULL VANE INVESTIGATION WITH NACA 4412 ON VARIATION ANGLE OF ATTACK AND POSITION
Authors: Sulistyawati W , Suranto P J , Utami N
Published: February 2022

Fuel efficiency is the goal of every ship, the accuracy of the motor selection, propulsion efficiency, as well as in the hull design for reducing drag. There have been many innovations in ship hull forms, such as the bulbous bow, transom steering, changing shape and becoming a multihull. This study adopted the NACA 4412 experimental as a Hull Vane® that other researcher carried out and perform with CFD simulations, then compared them with experimental results. The suitability of the trend can be further developed by varying the angle of attack from NACA and changing its position to the hull. The angle of attack variations on 1o, 2o, 3o, and positions change to the ship draft and AP-after perpendicular. Changes in the angle and position of NACA were investigated of their effect on the resistance component. From the analysis of the wave resistance, the most magnitude resistance decrease founded at the NACA position at a distance of 40 mm Trailing Edge of ship Draft and 85 mm Trailing Edge of AP. The lowest wave resistance was generating by the angle of attack of 3o, with a significant decrease of 19% compared to 1o. The more considerable lift drag was obtained after Fn 0.3 from NACA at an angle of 3o and the smallest at 2o. This investigative study was presented in graphs and data as well as conclusions and discussion of the results.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SLOSHING IN THE PRISMATIC TANK WITH VERTICAL BAFFLE USING SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS
Authors: Atthariq H , Trimulyono A , Chrismianto D
Published: February 2022

The capacity of LNG carriers is increasing year by year due to the demand for liquified natural gas (LNG). One of the types of LNG carriers is membrane type that the tank is prismatic. A natural phenomenon in a liquid carrier such as LNG is sloshing. Sloshing is a violent phenomenon in fluid dynamics caused by excitation force. The present study will conduct sloshing with a baffle shape to reduce the free surface inside the tank and impact pressure. In this study, a single vertical baffle and a double vertical baffle are used to reduce sloshing. In the present study, the meshless approach, so-called Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is used to reproduce sloshing in the prismatic tank. The three-dimensional prismatic tank was used to capture sloshing with the baffle. Regular roll motion with one pressure sensor uses to validate the SPH results. The result shows that vertical baffle effectively reduced fluid movement inside the tank and impact pressure. As a result, the hydrodynamic force and moment decreased. The ratio of the baffle and the water depth 0.9 shows has significant influence to sloshing.
EFFECT OF RAMP DOOR MATERIAL ON THE WIRE ROPE FATIGUE LIFE AND WINCH POWER
Authors: Asmara I P S , Hamzah F , Karyono T , Wahyudi M T , Kumaratih S F
Published: February 2022

The object of this research was the passenger deck ramp door of the ferry ro-ro ship. This research compared the material of the installed ramp door that uses ASTM A36 steel and the alternative design that uses ST52 steel. The different chemical composition made the yield strength of ST52 steel was higher than ASTM A36 steel. Accordingly, the alternative design had thinner plate than the existing design. The weight of the existing construction was 9.34 tons, while the alternative structure was 8.21 tons. Based on the construction weight, the diameter for the wire rope was 9 mm, with a 20% increase in the estimated lifetime from 10 years for the installed ramp door and 12 years for the alternative
design. The power efficiency of the electro-hydraulic winch was increased by 15.2% from 33.91 kW for the installed ramp door and 28.76 kW for the new design.
RE-DESIGN SOLID BOX AND AIR BAG CONFIGURATIONS ON UNSINKABLE SMALL PASSENGER BOAT
Authors: Hetharia W R , de Fretes E R , Tupan J , Legwurnitua E J
Published: February 2022

Previous works were conducted by the authors concerning the performance of unsinkable small passenger boat. The boat was designed and constructed in model scale and full-scale ship. The model was tested in tank and full-scale ship was tested at open sea to verify the design parameters. The research is continued in order to improve the boat performance. A re-design process was executed in order to modify the boat, air bags and centralised air supply system. The modified unsinkable boat was tested with the full passengers at sea for floating and sinking purposes. The required volume of solid boxes and air bags on board and outside are1.12 m3, 0.563 m3 and 0.213 m3 respectively. The result of test at sea showed that the modified boat was floating, unsinkable at static condition even with full water in board and keep running with flooding conditions. It is found that the boat is stable due to its positive value of GMt and GZ. The recommendation was made for future application for the stakeholders.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AS PREDICTION OF HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE PERFORMANCE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Dwi Putra F D , Pratiwi W D , Santiasih I , Wulandari K D , Abdullah K , Arumsari N
Published: February 2022

Reinforced concrete for marine structures requires specific properties since it faces an aggressive environment. The interaction of concrete with seawater causes damage both physically and chemically. The primary damage to reinforced concrete in the marine environment is chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement. Chloride ions diffuse into the concrete body until it reaches the reinforcement surface. If the chloride concentration reaches a critical value, then corrosion begins to attack. This paper studies the resistivity of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete as measured by the four-probe (Wenner) method. This study tested HVFA concrete with 30-50% FA substitution compared to normal concrete. Fly ash characterization was carried out using XRD, XRF and SEM techniques. The resistivity of HVFA with 30% and 40% of FA replacement are higher than the normal concrete. This data indicates that HVFA concrete has better resistance to chloride-induced corrosion than normal concrete. In addition, HVFA has a longer service life than normal concrete in chloride environments such as seawater.
Determinants of Optimal Breastfeeding Practices in Indonesia: Findings From the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Nurokhmah Siti , Rahmawaty Setyaningrum , Puspitasari Dyah Intan
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Understanding the factors influencing mothers’ decision to breastfeed their infants is essential to formulate effective breastfeeding interventions. This study explored the determinants of optimal breastfeeding indicators in Indonesia.Methods: We used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey to analyze factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and continued breastfeeding at 1 year (CBF-1) and 2 years (CBF-2). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine bio-demographic, socio-cultural, and behavioral characteristics associated with breastfeeding after considering the survey design effect.Results: The risk of delayed breastfeeding initiation was higher among infants who were born smaller, first-born children, were delivered via cesarean delivery, and did not have immediate skin-to-skin contact (p<0.01). Infant’s age, birth pattern, household wealth index, and the mother’s occupation and smoking status were predictors of EBF (p<0.05). CBF-1 was less common among first-time mothers and those working in the non-agricultural sector, mothers from wealthier families, and mothers who had cesarean deliveries (p<0.01). Infant’s age was negatively associated with CBF-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.99). Mothers attending college were less likely to practice CBF-2 than those with no education or primary education (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.77). The absence of postnatal visits was a risk factor for CBF-1 and CBF-2 (p<0.05).Conclusions: Breastfeeding interventions in Indonesia should pay particular attention to at-risk groups such as women from wealthier families, working outside the agricultural sector, and with a higher education level. Nutrition-sensitive programs (e.g., postnatal care and smoking cessation) should also be encouraged.
The Influence of Social Experience on an Individual's Personal Characteristics Related to Their Intention to Use Social Commerce
Authors: Handarkho Yonathan Dri
Published: February 2022

This study highlighted the role of consumers' characteristics and their association with social experience in Social Commerce (SC) usage. A theoretical model was developed using Social Exchange and Social Impact theory to disclose the factors influencing user intention in SC by made use of 532 Indonesian respondents. The results showed that the social experience factors were discovered to have enhanced individual personal constructs associated with SC intention, including Habit, Self-efficacy, and Trust. In detail, Perceived Herd and Informational Support were found to have both direct and indirect impacts on user intention through individual personality characteristics. In contrast, Emotional Support has only an indirect effect. Even though prior studies already observe constructs proposed in the theoretical model, the exploration of the extensive association between social experience on the personal element concerning individual intention to use SC has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, it is considered as a contribution of this study toward the body of knowledge.
Cellular Adhesion Is a Controlling Factor in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Induced by Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Authors: Lelliott Patrick M , Nishide Masayuki , Pavillon Nicolas , Okita Yasutaka , Shibahara Takayuki , Mizuno Yumiko , Yoshimura Hanako , Obata Sho , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Smith Nicholas I
Published: February 2022

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) is a life-threatening condition characterized by improper activation of neutrophils and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in small vessels. This study aimed to explain the role of NETs in AAV pathogenesis by investigating a link between adhesion and NET release using human neutrophils. We leveraged an imaging flow cytometry–based assay and three-dimensional culture to demonstrate that neutrophil adhesion is essential for ANCA-induced NET formation. We confirmed this requirement for cell adhesion using standard microscopy on ultra-low attachment hydrogel surfaces and demonstrate that this depends on the focal adhesion kinase pathway as determined using inhibitors for multiple targets in this process. ANCA increased expression of β2 integrins on neutrophils, and we confirmed that these integrins were required for NET formation using blocking Abs. Finally, inhibitors for oxidative burst prevented NET formation, and this oxidative burst was mediated by the focal adhesion pathway. Overall, our findings reveal a central role for neutrophil attachment in NET formation in response to ANCAs, helping to explain the restricted localization pattern of vessel damage, and suggesting that targeting neutrophil adhesion factors may be beneficial in preventing pathological damage from NETs during AAV.
Direct Binding of Rap1 to Talin1 and to MRL Proteins Promotes Integrin Activation in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Lagarrigue Frederic , Tan Boyang , Du Qinyi , Fan Zhichao , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel A , Gingras Alexandre R , Wang Hsin , Qi Weiwei , Sun Hao
Published: February 2022

Agonist-induced Rap1 GTP loading results in integrin activation involved in T cell trafficking and functions. MRL proteins Rap1-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin (LPD) are Rap1 effectors that can recruit talin1 to integrins, resulting in integrin activation. Recent work also implicates direct Rap1–talin1 interaction in integrin activation. Here, we analyze in mice the connections between Rap1 and talin1 that support integrin activation in conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) and CD25HiFoxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Talin1(R35E, R118E) mutation that disrupts both Rap1 binding sites results in a partial defect in αLβ2, α4β1, and α4β7 integrin activation in both Tconv and Treg cells with resulting defects in T cell homing. Talin1(R35E,R118E) Tconv manifested reduced capacity to induce colitis in an adoptive transfer mouse model. Loss of RIAM exacerbates the defects in Treg cell function caused by the talin1(R35E,R118E) mutation, and deleting both MRL proteins in combination with talin1(R35E,R118E) phenocopy the complete lack of integrin activation observed in Rap1a/b-null Treg cells. In sum, these data reveal the functionally significant connections between Rap1 and talin1 that enable αLβ2, α4β1, and α4β7 integrin activation in CD4+ T cells.
Il Magistero cattolico in difesa della verità e della vita
Authors: Lopez Trujillo Alfonso
Published: February 2022

Alla luce dell'insegnamento del Magistero Cattolico, l'Autore spiega il perché la Chiesa abbia scelto e sempre strenuamente difeso la vita umana: essa è dono di Dio, del quale l'uomo non può costituirsi abusivamente come arbitro, giudice o padrone. Di fronte alle tante minacce ed ai molteplici attentati contro la vita, soprattutto nascente, l'uomo deve sempre ricordare che, creato da Dio "a sua immagine e somiglianza", ha in sé una vocazione fondamentale e nativa all'amore, che chiede di essere realizzata. Quando l'uomo perde, infatti, di vista questa verità e pensa di poter vivere come se fosse pura autonomia, accade che - una volta conosciuti i propri dinamismi vitali - egli voglia padroneggiarli a piacimento, all'inizio della vita (ed al suo termine), sia mediante la fecondazione artificiale che attraverso la contraccezione.
La mainmise politique sur la procreation
Authors: Schooyans Michel
Published: February 2022

L'Autore, dopo un'introduzione storica sul rapporto tra politica e discipline medico-biologiche, distingue due forme di ingerenza politica sulla procreazione: quelle discrete e quelle manifeste. Le prime sono opera di "privati" con il tacito avallo delle autorità politiche; le seconde vengono messe a punto ed avviate per mandato diretto dei pubblici poteri. Il risultato? La riduzione del'uomo ad un "oggetto" che si può manovrare ed al quale si pretende di imporre anche le decisioni: basti pensare alle innumerevoli campagne per il controllo demografico realizzate anche in modo coatto. La risposta a quanto avviene e la forza per superare queste situazioni non più tollerabili stanno - secondo l'Autore - nel recupero della consapevolezza che l'uomo è creatura di Dio e come tale va rispettata.
Capacità riproduttiva della donna oggi
Authors: Mancuso Salvatore , Guida Costabile , Lanzone Antonio
Published: February 2022

Nel corso degli anni le tecniche di procreazione assistita sono andate aumentando, allargando il campo delle indicazioni. Queste diverse metodiche possono intervenire dove i meccanismi fisiologici risultino carenti o alterati, cercando di integrarli o sostituendosi completamente ad essi. Molte tecniche di procreazione assistita presentano solo lievi differenze tra loro, altre sono molto diverse sia nelle indicazioni che nei risultati. In molti casi è possibile l'utilizzazione di più tecniche, ma è opportuno usare per prima e più a lungo quella che permette maggiori possibilità di successo. Infine tali metodiche devono essere utilizzate dopo aver sondato tutte le altre possibilità di terapia della sterilità. Molte di queste tecniche vengono discusse e criticate per gli aspetti medici, legali ed etici. In molte nazioni, tra cui l'Italia, la legislazione non si è ancora espressa.
Evaluation of submaximal endurance in young children living with HIV
Authors: Potterton Joanne , Strehlau Renate , Shiau Stephanie , Comley-White Nicolette , Kuhn Louise , Yin Michael , Arpadi Stephen
Published: February 2022

Background: There is growing concern about the long-term sequelae [a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease or injury] of perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Children living with HIV (CLHIV) present with cardiopulmonary impairments and decreased physical activity which may be due to poor endurance.Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the sub-maximal endurance of CLHIV compared to a non-infected comparison group.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study 346 CLHIV, between ages five and eleven years, were assessed using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured pre-test, immediately post-test and five minutes post-test. Clinical and anthropometric data were recorded. Height and weight were assessed using a stadiometer and a digital scale, respectively.Results: 175 CLHIV (52% female) and 171 children without HIV (46% female) participated. All children were Black African. The CLHIV all initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a young age (mean 8.7 months, standard deviation 6.7) and their disease was well controlled (viral load 1000copies/ml). There were no statistically significant differences in submaximal endurance between the two groups (p = 0.831). Age of starting ART and stunted growth were negatively associated (r = -2.8 (p = 0.019) and r = -46.1 (p = 0.027), respectively) with distance walked in the 6MWT by girls living with HIV.Conclusion: CLHIV who initiate ART early with well-controlled disease are able to attain submaximal endurance levels similar to their uninfected peers.Clinical implications: Endurance and physical activity should be monitored in CLHIV. Submaximal endurance levels may improve with age and biological maturation.
Olfaction after endoscopic surgery for sellar and parasellar disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee C.-C. , Huang C.-C. , Lee T.-J. , Wang Y.-C. , Liu Y.-T. , Chang T.-W. , Huang A.P.-H. , Chuang C.C.
Published: February 2022

Background: Whether endoscopic surgery for sellar/parasellar disease causes significant deficits in olfactory function remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review the olfactory outcomes in such settings based on the evidence up to date. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched through February 1, 2021. Included studies were limited to endoscopic surgery for sellar/parasellar disease with follow-up olfactory function measured by standardized olfactory testing methods or subjective assessment. The primary outcome was the change in olfactory function after surgery assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods. The secondary outcome was the change in subjective olfactory function. Random-effects model was used in obtaining combine effects. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using the leave-one-out approach, and publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results: The results show no significant difference in olfaction assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods at 1–3 months post-surgery (880 patients in 16 studies) or at 6–12 months post-surgery (1320 patients in 16 studies) compared to pre-surgery, whereas a significantly lower subjective olfaction at 3 months was observed. In addition, the lack of significant change in olfaction as assessed by standardized olfactory testing methods was observed regardless of whether patients were treated with or without the nasoseptal flap (NSF) harvesting. Heterogeneity and publication bias were observed, whereas sensitivity analysis showed the meta-analysis results are robust. Conclusion: The findings of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis support the conclusion that endoscopic surgery for sellar and parasellar pathology may pose no greater risk of olfactory dysfunction. In addition, the current evidence does not support there is an increased risk of diminished olfaction among patients treated with NSF during surgery.
Study the impact of labor outsourcing on the financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Dinh Cong , Nghiem Le Tan , Gam Nguyen Hong , Nhung Pham Le Hong
Published: February 2022

The study aims to identify factors influencing labor outsourcing and analyze the impact of outsourced resources on small and medium enterprises’ financial performance in the Mekong Delta. Based on theories (including TCE, CCT, RT, and SCT theory), previous studies, and expert interviews, this research model has been developed and tested in SMEs in the Mekong Delta. The study collected data from administrators at 409 SMEs who used outsourced labor services in the last two years. Analytical methods are used, including Cronbach’s Alpha test, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research results show that outsourcing depends on the functional characteristics of enterprises, risk control, managers’ attitude, and relationships in outsourcing. The study also confirms that labor outsourcing positively affects financial performance. However, the relationship between the use of outsourced resources and enterprises’ financial performance is very modest. Based on the research results, the authors also suggest managerial implications to improve SMEs’ performance through outsourcing.
Áp dụng “Bộ tiêu chí đánh giá điểm đến du lịch” đối với Danh thắng Ngũ Hành Sơn, Thành phố Đà Nẵng
Authors: Phượng Lê Thái , Nhất Lê Ngọc
Published: February 2022

“Bộ tiêu chí đánh giá điểm đến du lịch” được Bộ Văn hóa, thể thao và Du lịch (2016) ban hành theo Quyết định số 4640/QĐ-BVHTTDL, ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2016 nhằm tăng cường công tác quản lý nhà nước và khuyến khích đầu tư, nâng cấp chất lượng dịch vụ tại các điểm đến. Hằng năm, Danh thắng Ngũ Hành Sơn đã thực hiện tự đánh giá dựa trên bộ tiêu chí này. Tuy nhiên, Ban Quản lý Di tích Danh thắng Ngũ Hành Sơn là đơn vị thực hiện đánh giá nên kết quả còn mang tính chủ quan, khả năng áp dụng để cơ quan quản lý du lịch đưa ra các chính sách còn hạn chế. Nghiên cứu này thực hiện đánh giá Danh thắng Ngũ Hành Sơn qua khảo sát hai đối tượng là chuyên gia trong ngành du lịch và khách đã tham quan Ngũ Hành Sơn để đạt tính khách quan cao hơn. Kết quả cho thấy các tiêu chí về tài nguyên du lịch, cảnh quan, cơ sở vật chất, cảnh quan môi trường và công tác quản lý danh thắng được đánh giá tốt. Ngược lại dịch vụ phục vụ tham quan, mua sắm, giải trí của danh thắng là những vấn đề còn hạn chế.
A NEW HYBRID ALGORITHM MPCM FOR SINGLE OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors: NGUYEN TRONG TIEN
Published: February 2022

One of the biggest challenges for researchers is finding optimal solutions or nearly optimal solutions for single-objective problems.

In this article, authors have proposed new algorithm called MPCM for resolving single-objective problems. This algorithm is combined of four algorithms: Mean-Search, PSOUpdate, CRO operator and new operator call Min-Max. The authors use some parameters to balance between the local search and global search. The results demonstrate that, with the participation of Min-Max Operator, MPCM gives the good results on 23 benchmark functions. The results of MPCM will compare with three famous algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Real Code Chemical Reaction Optimization (RCCRO) and Mean PSO-CRO (MPC) for demonstration the efficiency.
AN ADAPTIVE PROPORTIONAL-DERIVATIVE CONTROL METHOD FOR ROBOT MANIPULATOR
Authors: MAI THANG LONG  , TRAN HUU TOAN  , TRAN VAN HUNG  , TRAN NGOC ANH  , NGUYEN HOANG HIEU
Published: February 2022

This research presents an improved control method for the robot manipulator system based on the proportional-derivative technique and neural networks. In the proposed strategy, the proportional-derivative controller based on the filtered tracking error technique has been modified such that the proportional-derivative gain parameters are adaptively updated. Similar to the conventional intelligent control methods, the neural networks approximator is applied to relax the unknown dynamics of the robot control system. In addition, the compensator-typed robust controller is also considered to eliminate inevitable approximating errors and unknown disturbances of the control system. By using the Lyapunov stability theorem for the proposed control design procedure, the tracking control and stability are guaranteed. The comparative simulation results will provide clearly the evident to prove effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A NEW MULTI-MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM BASED ON FOUR-SWITCH THREE-PHASE INVERTER TOPOLOGIES
Authors: PHAM CONG DUY
Published: February 2022

Vietnam encourages greenhouse technology applications for high-tech agricultural production. The microclimate of greenhouses is the key factor for better plant growth. The greenhouse microclimate can be improved by control actions, such as heating, ventilation, and carbon dioxide enrichment to provide appropriate environmental conditions for crops. The multi-motor drive systems using six-switch three-phase inverter topologies are applied for greenhouse fans. In order to decrease to size and cost of effectiveness drive systems, the paper proposes a  new multi-motor drive system based on four-switch three-phase inverter topologies which are applied to two-level hysteresis current controllers. The proposed solution has been tested to a four-permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. The simulation results are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
To Design An Efficient Scheme For Mobility Of Nodes In Dynamic WSAN Based Upon Optimized Ad-ATMA
Authors: AbhinashSingla, Shikha and Meenakshi Sharma
Published: February 2022

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (referred to as WiMAX) is a MAC and physical layer
wireless communications technology for outdoor broadband wireless coverage. The WiMAX standard leaves
key areas of the protocol, including packet scheduling, frame packing, and modulation/coding adaptation,
unspecified. In order to accurately model and analyze WiMAX, realistic assumptions must be used. Because
WiMAX systems have not been widely studied, there is a disconnect between theoretical WiMAX systems
and real-world deployed systems. In this paper we are mixing up the WLAN and Wimax protocols to make it
more useful for various applications.
A Review of Cluster Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mandeep Kaur, Amreen Kaur and Gagandeep Singh
Published: February 2022

In recent times wireless sensor networks have grown extremely and become increasingly striking in big
variety of applications due to their low cost, low power, small in size, self-organizing behavior in
unsympathetic environments. Routing is a vital technology in WSN. There are many routing protocols like:
Location-based Protocols, Data Centric Protocols, Hierarchical Protocols, Mobility-based Protocols,
Multipath-based Protocols, Heterogeneity-based Protocols, quality of service (QoS)-based Protocols etc.
Clustering is used to protract the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. It involves grouping of sensor
nodes into clusters and electing cluster heads (CHs) for all the clusters. CHs collect the info from respective
cluster’s nodes and forward the aggregated data to base station. In this paper we present the study of
various clustering based energy efficient routing protocols of wireless sensor networks and compared them
on various parameters. like Delivery Delay, Algorithm Complexity, Energy Efficiency, Load Balancing.
An Improved Hybrid Fuzzy-PID Tunning With Particle Sawrm Optimization For Enhancing Induction Motor Performance
Authors: Parmjit Singh, Prince Jindal and Simerpreet Singh
Published: February 2022

The fuzzy logic controllers are estimated as an appropriate controller because it is minimally complex method
and did not involve any of the mathematical models. The major concern of this study is to control the
fluctuations in speed of the induction motor through improving the conventional mechanism by utilizing the
ANFIS paradigm as controller. Therefore a new mechanism is to be projected that will execute ANFIS.
Because of the merits like Adaptive learning, Self-Organization, Real Time Operation, Fault Tolerance through
Redundant Information Coding etc. The ANFIS algorithm is utilized as a speed control in the proposed work.
It is expected that the hybridization of ANFIS and PID controller can be useful in order to achieve the stability.
An optimization technique is also utilized in this study. The values of PID controller can be adjusted by an
optimization technique that can be a PSO (Partial Swarm optimization) technique which is required to optimize
the values of PID controller in order to choose the best values of P, I and D. In this way, the best output results
of the proposed work can be attained.
Análise dos indicadores de desenvolvimento rural do Norte de Minas
Authors: Araujo Claudiana Aparecida Leal de , Renato Theophilo Carlos
Published: February 2022

A noção de desenvolvimento rural está ligada a transformações, a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população rural, considerando os aspectos plurais existentes nesse meio. O desenvolvimento rural, de certa forma, resulta de ações articuladas nas vertentes cultural, social e econômica com o objetivo de melhorar qualidade de vida no espaço rural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de analisar os níveis de desenvolvimento rural dos municípios da Mesorregião Norte de Minas, com base nos indicadores populacionais, de bem-estar social, econômicos e ambientais no ano de 2010. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no estudo de Kageyama (2004), que adotou o Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural (IDR), um índice composto, obtido pela média de outros indicadores, a saber: os indicadores de população, de bem-estar social, desenvolvimento econômico e meio ambiente. A ideia de medir o desenvolvimento rural por meio de um indicador possibilitou uma reflexão sobre uma medida que resultasse da combinação de diversas dimensões importantes nesse contexto. A análise do IDR reforçou a ideia de que os aspectos multidimensionais são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento rural. Além disso, medir o desenvolvimento rural exige escolha criteriosa de variáveis e a combinação dessas em cada dimensão, além da observação das características da região a ser analisada.
Sistema de interacción (low-tech) para pieza de arte Move-on
Authors: Pedrero Agustín Linares
Published: February 2022

Este artículo trata de exponer un sistema alternativo (y algo rudimenta-rio) para establecer una comunicación con el ordenador, en la que participan sen-sores muy simples, los cuales mandan una señal que es interpretada por el orde-nador (como pulsación de tecla) para activar un comportamiento multimedia. Con-templando la eficacia que requiere para su funcionamiento, a tal propósito se ex-pone una instalación artística de carácter interactivo, Move-on, en cuyos procesos se necesita disparar el uso de animación  fotográfica y el encendido de unos focos. La instalación establece una comunicación con el espectador a través del cuer-po, más concretamente, del movimiento de su propio cuerpo.
How Czechs and Slovaks got to know the Personality of Nicholai Velimirovich (St. Nicholai of Serbia)
Authors: Černý Marcel
Published: February 2022

The present article brings a brief overview of the main moments in learning about the life and work of St. Nicholai of Serbia, Bishop of Ohrid and Žiča (legal name dr. Nikola Velimirović) in Czechian and Slovakian context. This paper is conceived as an introduction to the attached Selected Bibliography of Nicholai Velimirovich (St. Nicholai of Serbia) in Czech and Slovak languages (1912–2018) (cf. below, pp. 311–318), based on the manuscript database of the Slavic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Prague and the author’s reception. It is not an exhaustive elaboration of a rather extensive issue, but preferably the first outline monitoring the Czech and Slovak interest in the multilateral activities of a prominent Serbian Orthodox thinker, writer, dignitary, and saint.
Czech journalism and science have paid attention to Velimirovich since the second decade of the 20th century (Milan Marjanović, Aleksandar Arnautović, Josef Karásek, Eugen Stoklas, Josef Fiala, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Otakar Vočadlo, Dragutin Prohaska, Ludvík Kuba, Otakar Kolman, Marek Malík; series minor anonymous notes). Velimirovich’s works were translated to a lesser extent in the Czech Republic (František Sedláček, Václav Ešner, Jovan Kršić, Marek Malík, Anastasia Dürrová). In recent years, a short monograph on Nicholai Velimirovich [Nikolaj Velimirovič, Nový Zlatoústy (1880–1956) (2003)] by Ján Zozuľak has been published in Slovakia, and a Slovak translation of his monumental Prologue of Ohrid (2015, 2018; translated by Peter Soroka) was published twice in a row. His lecture St. Jan Hus (1920, 2003) was published twice in Czech translation. The identity of the translator “Dr. M. Č.” has been unclear for a long time; the author of this article believes that the translator was Czech Orthodox activist JUDr. Miloš Červinka (1863–1936), associated with the controversial, later deposed Archishop Savvatij (Savvatij [Antonín Jindřich] Vrabec, 1880–1959), who was replaced by Bishop Gorazd (Pavlík, 1879–1942).
Literature Review on BER Improvement of Adaptive Equalizer
Authors: Simerjeet Kaur  , Kumar Sharma Dr. Kamal , Sharma Mr. Navnidhi
Published: February 2022

Channel equalization is an important aspect in high speed digital communication required for efficient and reliable data recovery and reception when the data is transmitted over band-limited channel subjected to noise and interference. We investigate channel equalization and introduce hierarchical and adaptive nonlinear channel equalization algorithms that are highly efficient and provide significantly improved bit error rate (BER) performance. Due to the high complexity of nonlinear equalizers and poor performance of linear ones, to equalize highly difficult channels, we employ piecewise linear equalizers.