bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Discovery of a Low-energy Excess in Cosmic-Ray Iron: Evidence of the Past Supernova Activity in the Local Bubble
Authors: Boschini M. J. , Della Torre S. , Gervasi M. , Grandi D. , Jóhannesson G. , La Vacca G. , Masi N. , Moskalenko I. V. , Pensotti S. , Porter T. A. , Quadrani L. , Rancoita P. G. , Rozza D. , Tacconi M.
Published: May 2021

Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer—02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species (

, e
±, and nuclei, 1H–8O, 10Ne, 12Mg, 14Si) which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. One of the latest long-awaited surprises is the spectrum of 26Fe just published by AMS-02. Because of the large fragmentation cross section and large ionization energy losses, most of CR iron at low energies is local and may harbor some features associated with relatively recent supernova (SN) activity in the solar neighborhood. Our analysis of the new AMS-02 results, together with Voyager 1 and ACE-CRIS data, reveals an unexpected bump in the iron spectrum and in the Fe/He, Fe/O, and Fe/Si ratios at 1–2 GV, while a similar feature in the spectra of He, O, and Si and in their ratios is absent, hinting at a local source of low-energy CRs. The found excess extends the recent discoveries of radioactive 60Fe deposits in terrestrial and lunar samples and in CRs. We provide an updated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of iron in the energy range from 1 MeV nucleon−1 to ∼10 TeV nucleon−1. Our calculations employ the GalProp–HelMod framework, which has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR

, e
−, and nuclei Z ≤ 28.
Astromers in the Radioactive Decay of r-process Nuclei
Authors: Misch G. Wendell , Sprouse T. M. , Mumpower M. R.
Published: May 2021

Certain nuclear isomers are well known to affect nucleosynthesis with important observable consequences (e.g., 26Al and 180Ta). We study the impact of nuclear isomers in the context of rapid neutron capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis. We demonstrate that nuclear isomers are dynamically populated in the r process and that some are populated far from thermal equilibrium; this makes them astrophysical isomers, or “astromers.” We compute thermally mediated transition rates between long-lived isomers and the corresponding ground states in neutron-rich nuclei. We calculate the temperature-dependent β-decay feeding factors, which represent the fraction of material going to each of the isomer and ground state daughter species from the β-decay parent species. We simulate nucleosynthesis following the decay of a solar-like r-process composition and include as separate species nuclear excited states with measured terrestrial half-lives greater than 100 μs. We introduce a new metric to identify those astromers most likely to be influential and summarize them in a table. Notable entries include many second peak nuclei (e.g., the Te isotopic chain) and previously overlooked isomers in stable nuclei (e.g., 119Sn, 131Xe, and 195Pt). Finally, we comment on the capacity of isomer production to alter radioactive heating in an r-process environment.
Imperialism, Environmentalism and the Politics of Transplantation in Captain Cook’s Voyages
Authors: Alayrac-Fielding Vanessa
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose une lecture écocritique des Journaux du capitaine Cook écrits durant ses trois circumnavigations. Il met en lumière le programme impérial britannique de politique de transplantation à l’œuvre dans le contexte de l’exploration du Pacifique et des rencontres avec les populations indigènes. Les pratiques consistant à collectionner, planter et transplanter seront abordées à la lumière des études postcoloniales et environnementales pour réévaluer la nature des échanges et contacts transnationaux qui eurent lieu entre les équipages et les habitants du Pacifique.
Puzzling out the English Present Perfect Puzzle
Authors: Fryd Marc
Published: May 2021

D’après Kuryłowicz, les parfaits sont voués à évoluer depuis un sens initialement résultatif vers un stade ultime où ils remplacent les formes existantes dans la fonction d’aoriste. À cet égard, le Present Perfect anglais se distingue par l’agrammaticalité de sa combinaison avec des adverbes renvoyant à un moment spécifique du passé. Cette position surprenante de l’anglais au regard des autres langues est à l’origine de l’expression forgée par Klein d’un « perfect puzzle ». Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les relations complexes du parfait anglais avec ces adverbes au fil d’une histoire longue et complexe.
Aesthetic Education and Writing in The Wings of the Dove
Authors: Anker Richard
Published: May 2021

Cet article explore l’entrelacs de l’esthétique et de l’écriture dans le roman de James. Hétérogènes mais inséparables, ces deux forces, formatrice et scripturale, sous-tendent à la fois l’éducation européenne de Milly Theale et l’inquiétante étrangeté qu’elle produit, notamment sur Merton Densher. L’analyse, largement consacrée à l’épisode de la rencontre de la jeune Américaine avec le portrait de Bronzino, commence par s’intéresser aux principales étapes de la « formation » de Milly qui préparent cette scène, avant d’évoquer les effets de cette rencontre, comprise comme l’« apothéose » d’une éducation esthétique dont la fonction idéologique est déconstruite par le texte. Ce faisant, il s’agit de montrer comment l’innocence ironique que façonne une Milly mourante s’avère plus forte, au bout du compte, que les contraintes de l’humanisme esthétique.
La Covid-19 et les politiques économiques du monde d’après
Authors: Ben Hammouda Hakim
Published: May 2021

Les politiques économiques mises en place pour empêcher la transformation de la crise de la Covid-19 en une crise économique de l’ampleur de la grande dépression de 1929 sont en train d’engendrer une révolution dans le monde tranquille des économistes. Le retour de l’État, la redécouverte du social, l’innovation et le dynamisme des politiques économiques et la libération de toutes les contraintes sont en train de forger un nouveau monde où l’action collective prend le pas sur la démission résignée érigée en dogme au temps des post-modernités triomphantes.
Féminisme et convivialisme
Authors: Pulcini Elena
Published: May 2021

Y a-t-il des convergences entre féminisme et convivialisme ? Ce sont sans doute deux perspectives radicales qui partent de la critique de l'individualisme, de l'hubris et du caractère illimité du sujet moderne pour réévaluer des valeurs refoulées telles que la relation et l'interdépendance, le care et le don : sur lesquelles on peut dessiner, comme on le lit dans le Manifeste , « les contours d'un autre monde possible ». Mais le féminisme met surtout l'accent sur les fautes de la culture masculine et patriarcale et sur la nécessité de dévoiler les formes de domination les plus cachées et apparemment les plus naturelles . Cela conduit inévitablement à ce conflit entre les sexes qui dégénère aujourd'hui en formes ressenties de violence masculine et qui peut mettre à rude épreuve la nécessaire alliance entre féminisme et convivialisme. À la légitime revendication de reconnaissance par les femmes de leur dignité, doit répondre alors la volonté des hommes de briser la colonisation patriarcale de leur imaginaire pour s'engager finalement dans la relation sur un pied d’égalité. De manière à réussir non seulement à « s'opposer sans se massacrer » – comme le dirait Mauss – mais à trouver de nouvelles formes d’alliance appropriées à une société convivialiste.
Convivialisme et métaphysique(s) de la nature
Authors: Dessibourg Julien
Published: May 2021

Cet article défend l’idée que la nouvelle philosophie politique proposée par le mouvement convivialiste est beaucoup plus apte à affronter les enjeux actuels que les doctrines politiques modernes classiques. L’argumentaire se décline ainsi : 1) toutes les pensées politiques reposent sur un fondement métaphysique , c’est-à-dire de l’arbitraire ; 2) ces fondements métaphysiques sont choisis et assumés dans la pensée convivialiste, alors que dans les pensées modernes ceux-ci sont niés ; 3) étant donné que les modernes nient leurs fondements métaphysiques ils en sont dépossédés et ils en perdent le contrôle, contrairement aux convivialistes qui les reconnaissent. Ces derniers se font ainsi maîtres de leurs principes fondateurs : tout en acceptant une part d’arbitraire qui structure leurs pensées, les convivialistes sélectionnent en pleine conscience le meilleur pour l’humanité. Une porte s’ouvre alors pour l’émancipation.
Macroeconomic Suprises and the Turkish Financial Market
Authors: Çekiç Ayşegül İşcanoğlu , Gültekin Havva
Published: May 2021

In the study, the authors investigate the impacts of macroeconomic news originating from Turkey, US, Euro Zone, and China on the Turkish financial market. They consider Purchasing Managers Indices and Gross Domestic Product growth rates as macroeconomic news. The study covers the period from May 4, 2015 to January 1, 2019, and six sectoral indices are included into the analysis. The findings show that impacts of macroeconomic surprises on abnormal returns are significant for all the sectors except Holdings and Investments and Insurance. The authors also provide evidence that the impacts of macroeconomic surprises on volatilities are significant for only Holdings and Investments and Technology.
Inflammatory Pathways and In Vivo Studies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Freitas Marisa , Ferreira de Oliveira José Miguel P. , Corvo M. Luisa , Carvalho Félix Dias , Fernandes Eduarda
Published: May 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a physically incapacitating disorder that significantly disturbs patients' quality of life. IBD is classified into two main pathophysiological forms, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Literature studies indicate that chronic colitis may contribute to the development of up to 25% of all diagnosed colorectal tumors. The complexity and development of IBD onset is intermediated by a variety of inflammatory mediators and pathways that are intrinsically linked and are summarized in this chapter. This complexity resulted in the development of various in vivo models to surpass the enormous challenges in the finding of new drugs for IBD treatment. These models are mostly based on rodents and on three types of inflammatory activation: chemical induction, transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells, and generation of engineered mouse strains, with specific target gene manipulations. The most broadly described models in literature are here presented and discussed.
Black Lives Matter, Police Lives Matter
Authors: McIntyre Jr. R. Neal
Published: May 2021

Throughout 2020 there have been numerous protests bringing attention to police brutality against minorities. Most of these demonstrations associated with the Black Lives Matter movement have been peaceful, yet news media has focused mainly on those that have been hostile. The police response of countering aggression with aggression often makes these situations more violent and increases the probability of similar protests in the future. This chapter will examine the history of policing as it relates to race relations while exploring several high-profile cases of police brutality against minorities over the past 30 years. The chapter will also discuss how police training, rhetoric, and increased militarization has fractured the police relationship with minorities in their communities. Since it is more realistic to change the police approach to these violent encounters than it is to change the actions of civilians, the chapter calls for reform while providing potential solutions from the field of conflict resolution to help police mitigate these hostile situations.
Wired for War
Authors: Markey Mary Ann
Published: May 2021

While the motivations for waging war may not have changed significantly over time, the strategies and methodologies employed by humans that may have resulted in genocide and unilateral annihilation certainly have changed. The tenets purported by Sun Tzu in his classic The Art of War remain as relevant today as they were when he wrote this ancient military treatise; however, the introduction of advanced technologies and training strategies have drastically altered the ways in which humans currently engage in conflict. The long-term effects of utilizing these advanced technologies and training strategies have yet to be completely realized, and research suggests that the impact that these effects are having is not only relegated to the devastation of the enemy, but they are also having unanticipated psychological and cognitive effects on the initiators of the action. When science fiction becomes reality and the basis of how wars are fought, the determination of the ethics, laws, economics, and politics surrounding those wars presents humans with new challenges.
Misogynistic Males
Authors: Kerr Selina E.M.
Published: May 2021

Scholars have begun to identify the links between incidents of mass murder and misogynistic behaviors. From the 2014 Isla Vista campus shootings in California through to an incident of mass violence with a van in Toronto in 2017, identifying as an “incel” has been cited as a motivating factor in the perpetrators' pre-attack writings. “Incel” stands for “involuntary celibates,” an online subculture of males displaying rage at females, expressing fandom for mass shooters, and fantasizing about violence. Further complicating matters is the frequent overlap between intimate partner violence and/or stalking with acts of mass violence. In this chapter, suggestions are advanced for ways to effectively assess the risk of mass violence when misogynistic behaviors are present. The potential use of risk assessment instruments is discussed, in addition to ways to devise an effective threat assessment system.
CINESIOTERAPIA NA FASE DE PRÉ PROTETIZAÇÃO DE MEMBROS INFERIORES:UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Luvizuto Casasa Larissa , Dei Tos Débora , Cristina da Costa Salomão Karile , Catarim Fabiano Lilian
Published: May 2021

A amputação de membro inferior desencadeia uma série de mudanças na vida de uma pessoa, tendo como foco a funcionalidade e independência do indivíduo. A preparação e o uso da prótese permitem com que o indivíduo amputado consiga recuperar sua independência, de forma adaptada, o reintegrando na sociedade. O objetivo da revisão é expor como os aspectos cinesioterapêuticos influenciam na fase da pré protetização. Os resultados mostraram a importância desse recurso fisioterapêutico e também a individualização do protocolo de cinesioterapia imposto a cada um, tendo em vista suas respectivas limitações.
A COMPLEMENTARIDADE ENTRE A RACIONALIDADE SUBSTANTIVA E A AÇÃO COMUNICATIVA NA PRIMEIRA IGREJA EVANGÉLICA CONGREGACIONAL DE JOÃO PESSOA
Authors: Cavalcanti Hellen Taynan , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho aborda a complementaridade entre a Racionalidade Substantiva e a Ação Comunicativa em uma Igreja Congregacional. O objetivo é identificar como a complementaridade é praticada no âmbito administrativo da organização situando-se no locus das pesquisas da segunda geração dos trabalhos sobre Racionalidade. Para isso utilizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo a fim de identificar a aplicação das duas teorias e sua relação nas tensões organizacionais. A partir dos resultados, adaptou-se quadro de Serva para indicar a correspondência entre a Racionalidade Substantiva e a Ação Comunicativa. Os resultados mostram que os fatores de uma razão substantiva predominam nos aspectos extrínsecos minimizando os aspectos de tensão, mas no que se refere aos valores emancipatórios do homem, a igreja aproxima-se de uma razão instrumental por que exerce uma forte dominação ideológica que limita o comportamento dos sujeitos que trabalham na organização. Verificou-se ainda que a tensão entre a ação coletiva e a gestão tende a ser minimizada devido o elevado nível de Racionalidade Substantiva no processo decisório que aproxima os sujeitos por afinidade ideológica e enfatiza ações orientadas ao entendimento.

 

Palavras-Chave: Complementaridade; Racionalidade Substantiva; Ação Comunicativa.
REDES DE GOVERNANÇA: TRATAMENTO TEÓRICO E PROCEDIMENTO DE ANÁLISE
Authors: De Matos Sanchez Fernanda , Antonio Ferraz Cario Silvio
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar elementos teóricos constitutivos de redes de governança no âmbito da governança pública, considerada forma hodierna de gestão do Estado. Reveste de importância tal propósito, considerando que o Estado abre à participação de outros atores - de mercado e da sociedade - na formulação propósitos e solução de problemas. Para tanto, recorre-se a publicação acadêmica de autores que refletem sobre o tema de gestão pública. O resultado aponta que estudo de redes de governança deve seguir duas perspectivas: estrutura de governança e análise de rede. Tais perspectivas analíticas devem ser consideradas de forma integrada, abordando, assim, o funcionamento e o conteúdo da rede. As categorias eleitas para análise na primeira perspectiva são: governança, colaboração, interdepêndencia e resultado; enquanto, para a segunda perspectiva: trajetória, interação e aprendizagem.
POR QUE BRANQUITUDES, POR QUE (SOMENTE) AGORA?
Authors: Barbosa Gouvêa Josiane , Silva de Oliveira Josiane
Published: May 2021

As organizações são espaços historicamente marcados pela questão racial, ainda que não de maneira explícita. Se formalmente as organizações são discursivamente construídas como espaços neutros, nos quais as diferenças não importam, uma vez que a chamada cultura organizacional é que determinaria as condutas dos sujeitos neste espaço, objetivamente o que temos difere significativamente disso. As organizações reproduzem a sociedade que, no Brasil, é estruturada a partir de critérios raciais. Desta forma, os espaços organizacionais são demarcados a partir da raça. Não por acaso as pessoas negras recebem os menores salários e são também minoria no alto escalão das organizações. No entanto, neste texto buscamos uma inversão nos estudos tidos como tradicionais no que diz respeito às questões raciais e objetivamos refletir como a branquitude historicamente se construiu como o ideal a ser seguido, mantendo um sistema de privilégios que acompanha os sujeitos brancos até os dias de hoje. Pudemos perceber que na Administração os estudos a respeito da temática são ainda incipientes, no entanto, necessários e urgentes.
Efficacy and manner of execution of the serve in top-level women's beach volleyball players
Authors: Martínez Ana B. López , Palao José M. , Ortega Henrique , García de Alcaraz António
Published: May 2021

The study of the manner of execution (technique, and spatial aspects) can provide useful information to understand the game dynamics in beach volleyball and to obtain references values for the analysis of the game and the establishment of training goals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the manner of execution on serve and rally performance in elite women's beach volleyball players. A total of 3,009 serves from 44 women’s players were analyzed. The variables studied were: serve technique, serve zone, serve destination, serve performance, and rally performance. An observational punctual, nomothetic, multidimensional, and intragroup design was used. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data (Chi-Square Test) was done using SPSS v.21.0 software. The level of significance was set at p < .05. The manner of execution influences the serve performance. The jump float serve was the most used. The most effective destination was the zone between players, probability due to the players' displacement and interference between them. An absence of association between serve technique and rally performance was found. These findings showed possible connections between the way of executing the serve with the following actions done by the players and the players' strategies to control their physical load. These values may be useful to guide to players training, or to evaluate players in competition.
Contribuições percebidas pelos estudantes sobre o estágio curricular na constituição da identidade profissional
Authors: Anversa Ana Luiza Barbosa , Souza Vania  de Fátima Matias de , Both Jorge , Oliveira Amauri Aparecido Bássoli de
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a contribuição percebida pelos estudantes acerca do estágio curricular na constituição da identidade profissional a partir de dimensões da representações profissionais. A amostra foi composta por 140 estudantes do último ano de Educação Física bacharelado de três instituições de ensino superior de Maringá (Paraná). Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o questionário “Escala de avaliação da constituição da identidade profissional do bacharel em educação física” (EAECP). Para comparação dos âmbitos da representação profissional em relação a instituição de ensino superior utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e de Friedman com post hoc de comparação múltipla de Dunn. Já a avaliação da diferença dos âmbitos da representação profissional em relação as variáveis sociodemográficas adotou o teste “U” de Mann-Whitnney. Os resultados evidenciaram que na visão dos estudantes o estágio curricular contribui para a compreensão de aspectos relacionados ao exercício profissional em seus saberes e possibilidades de intervenção, mas carece de um trato pedagógico que fomente a autonomia profissional. Conclui-se que as ações de socialização proporcionadas pelo estágio curricular, juntamente com o tempo de dedicação e experiências prévias contribuem para a constituição da identidade profissional.
Anabolizantes na graduação em educação física: um dilema ético-sanitário entre estudantes que praticam fisiculturismo
Authors: Machado Eduardo Pinto , Fraga Alex Branco
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata do dilema enfrentado por estudantes-fisiculturistas de Educação Física que se dedicam a aprender, por conta própria, sobre o uso de anabolizantes para fins não terapêuticos em um curso de graduação vinculado à área da saúde. A noção de dilema ético-sanitário é desenvolvida a partir da articulação entre os conceitos de expertise, de Nikolas Rose, e o de risco em saúde, de Deborah Lupton. Entrevistas episódicas com seis alunos da graduação dos cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado em Educação Física de uma universidade brasileira foi a opção metodológica adotada. Como resultado, identificamos dois perfis de estudantes praticantes de fisiculturismo: um composto pelos que ingressaram no curso com o objetivo de aprender a usar anabolizantes; e outro que julgava já saber sobre e tinha por objetivo buscar uma certificação profissional universitária. Concluímos que o dilema ético-sanitário observado em ambos os perfis deveria ser tratado em aula nos cursos de graduação em Educação Física, pois o “silêncio curricular” sobre o processo de hipertrofia muscular pela via medicamentosa, associado à atmosfera de clandestinidade, pode favorecer a circulação de mais desinformação e ainda mais riscos ao público alvo deste estudo.
Teaching strategies in physical education: a confrontation between directive and indirective styles in volleyball learning
Authors: Silva Bruno Vinicius Freitas da , Santos Renato Henrique dos , Savarezzi Guilherme Rocha , Souza Maurício Teodoro de , Gimenez Roberto
Published: May 2021

Embora a Educação Física escolar tenha historicamente se baseado em estratégias de ensino predominantemente diretivas, é possível especular que metodologias menos diretivas possam contribuir de forma mais efetiva para o aprendizado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as possíveis implicações da utilização de diferentes estilos de ensino na aprendizagem do jogo da modalidade esportiva voleibol. Para tanto, 27 adolescentes divididos em três grupos (Grupo Diretivo; Grupo Indiretivo e Grupo Controle) foram submetidos a um programa de intervenção de oito encontros voltados ao ensino de conteúdos procedimentais do voleibol. De modo geral, os resultados encontrados sugerem que estilos de ensino indiretivos contribuem de forma mais efetiva para a participação no jogo e para a tomada de decisão, o que provoca uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de se revisitar as estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelos professores e pela necessidade de uma abordagem mais sistêmica para o ensino de jogos.
Análise do exercício agachamento com e sem o uso de physioball e banda elástica em diferentes intensidades
Authors: Silva Jurandir , Moraes Ribeiro Giovanne , Braga de Mello Danielli , De Alkmim Nunes Rodolfo , Rosa Guilherme , Lima Vicente , Gomes de Souza Vale Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.
Envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos no basquetebol
Authors: Maciel Larissa Fernanda Porto , De Oliveira Vinícius Plentz , Cozza Jéssica , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Duek Viviane Preichardt , Farias Gelcemar Oliveira , Folle Alexandra
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos participantes do Programa Basquetebol Para Todos (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Participaram 80 praticantes de basquetebol que frequentavam o programa, no ano de 2016. Utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões fechadas, o qual foi analisado por meio de recursos estatísticos descritivos (frequência e percentual) e inferenciais (qui-quadrado, v-cramer, resíduos ajustados). Os resultados revelaram associação do sexo com o tempo de prática esportiva geral, evidenciando-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de experiência no esporte do que os meninos. Quanto à frequência semanal de treinamento, constatou-se que os participantes, com carga horária semanal de treino menor eram, consequentemente, os que treinavam com menor frequência (dias) durante a semana. Os meninos com menor tempo de participação no Programa e que participavam das atividades de iniciação esportiva tinham frequência semanal de treino menor, enquanto os meninos com maior tempo de experiência e que participavam das atividades voltadas à preparação competitiva treinavam mais vezes durante a semana. Conclui-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de prática esportiva e que a organização do Programa determina a frequência semanal de envolvimento dos meninos com o basquetebol.
On the Flow of Oil-Based Nanofluid on a Stretching Permeable Surface with Radiative Heat Transfer and Dissipative Energy
Authors: Etwire Christian John , Seini Ibrahim Yakubu , Musah Rabiu , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: May 2021

Heat transport processes through radiation in a dissipative flow of Al2O3 and CuO oil-based nanofluids has been discussed. The equations modeling the flow has been transformed using similarity variables into coupled nonlinear higher order ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved by employing the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm and a shooting technique. The results for the embedded parameters were tabulated and depicted graphically. The study revealed that oil-based nanofluid of CuO has a better rate of heat transfer than Al2O3 oil-based nanofluid with increased radiation. Thus, the study concluded that CuO oil-based nanofluid has a superior heat transfer characteristic and thus preferred for radiation hardening.
The Effect of Fin Length on Free Convection Heat Transfer in Annular Space of Concentric Arrangement Using Shear-Thinning Fluids as a Thermal Medium
Authors: Guendouci I. , Laidoudi Houssem , Bouzit Mohamed
Published: May 2021

The two-dimensional steady-state natural convection of shear-thinning fluids is studied numerically between two concentric horizontal cylinders with different constant temperatures. The inner cylinder was put eccentrically into the outer one. The inner cylinder are held at constant temperatures with the inner one heated isothermally at temperature (Th) and the outer cylinder have one fin cooled isothermally at temperature Tc (Th > Tc). The simulations have been taken for the parameters 102 ≤ Ra ≤ 104, = 0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 10 and 0.6 ≤ n ≤1.The effects of Rayleigh number and Prandtl number on the dimensionless velocity and temperature are investigated for both shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids. Also the mean Nusselt number for various values of governing parameters is obtained and discussed. Although huge researches were conducted for natural convection in non-circular enclosures, researches for annular enclosures are very limited, especially finned enclosures. The length of the fin is also studied. The results show that increase in the length of fin increases the effectiveness of heat transfer. Also, the increase in Ra number increases the heat transfer effectiveness.
Synthesis of HgSr2-xYxCa2Cu3O8+ δ Superconducting Compound
Authors: Kamil Mustafa K. , Hasan Maher A. , Jasim Kareem Ali , Shaban Auday H.
Published: May 2021

The superconductivity phenomenon and the method of preparing the superconductingmercury-based (HgSr2-xYxCa2Cu3O8+δ with x=0 to 0.15) compound were presented in this paper. The physical properties of the compound are presented at a high temperature, with a special focus on the effect of partial substitution of strontium with Yttrium (Y). The effect on structural and electrical properties were investigated. All the samples in the present investigation were subjected to gross structural characterization by X-ray diffraction. The XRD data collected from various have the Hg1223 phase and the analysis showed that all samples correspond to the tetragonal structure. The electrical resistance uses the four probe technology to find the critical temperature and found that it drops from 116 K to 81K by increase the yttrium concentration.
Synthesis and Theoretical Concepts of Boron Nitride Nanowires Grown on Nitrides Stainless Steel Surface by Hybrid Gas Phase Process
Authors: Mohammed Faras Q. , Edan Mahdi S. , Hasan Ali S. , Haider Adawiya J.
Published: May 2021

Synthesize of Boron Nitride nanowires were made by utilizing Austenitic hardened steel AISI 316 with a nitriding layer of 15–16 μm thickness. Deposition experiments at deferent substrate temperatures for BN Nanowires productions were carried out with the help of a blended gas stage depositing handle procedure (PVD and CVD). Chemical composition and crystallinity along with the average grain size for BN phases was investigated by using XRD test and FTIR spectrum. The SEM images was used to examine the surface topography. Finally theoretical investigations computations were performed by thickness useful hypothesis (DFT) in Gaussian 09 bundle. According to our results, the impact of the depositing temperature on the chemical composition and the structure should be pointed out as the major effect for the higher deposition rate that leads to thicker and more dense BN surface film, where the more uniform BN Nanostructures wires with a regular diameter of 20 nm and average grain size of ~18nm was compelled through novel materializing crystalline stages causing grain size to rise with increasing deposition temperature to specific level.
Migration of biliary stent into the gallbladder
Authors: Yagnik Vipul D. , Patel Apurva , Mannari Gururaj M. , Garg Pankaj , Dawka Sushil
Published: May 2021

Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography stenting is a well-established treatment for benign as well as malignant biliary obstruction. The most frequently encountered complication is stent clogging. Stent migration (proximal or distal), on the other hand, is not very common. Proximal migration of a choledochal endoprosthesis into the gallbladder has not yet been reported in the literature.
Acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient admitted at the intensive care unit for the management of COVID-19
Authors: Ruiz Lozano Raul Eduardo , Galvan-Lopez Cesar A. , Garza-Garza Lucas A. , Rodriguez-Valdes Patricio J.
Published: May 2021

Drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) is a blinding condition that requires urgent management. Unfavorable conditions encountered at the intensive care unit (ICU) represent an increased risk of developing AACG. A 60-year-old female complained of photophobia, pain, and vision loss in her right eye while hospitalized in the ICU for COVID-19 management. Symptoms developed after the use of nebulized ipratropium bromide and salbutamol, prone positioning, and darkroom conditions. The patient was discharged 3 weeks after and diagnosed with AACG the next day. Despite management with hypotensive eye drops and cataract surgery, the patient developed bilateral glaucomatous damage and vision loss in her right eye.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION AND DRUG PATENTS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Tozi Fábio
Published: May 2021

The article aims to reconstruct the central events of the Intellectual Property (IP) protection system in Brazil, from the first colonial orders to the Intellectual Property Law (1996). Two periods are identified: in the first, we observe the internalizing of innovations, improving the country's development, but preventing the patenting of medicines and food. The second, recent, explains an adaptation of national laws to international ones, suppressing the previous exceptions. The historical change in regulations reveals that patents have become symbolic elements of globalization process. The geopolitics of this process is presented in a review on the influence of the US Special 301 Reports on Brazilian politics. Finally, the article seeks to show that politics is not limited to the legal system, presenting the annulment of patents in Brazil during public health crises. In this sense, the text brings elements of the international discussion on the suppression of patents to face the COVID-19 pandemic, updating the debate on territorial sovereignty.
MIMESIS AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IN PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE’S METHOD
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme da Silva
Published: May 2021

Based on the concept of mimesis elaborated by the Brazilian literature theorist Luiz Costa Lima Brazilian scholar, this article aims to analyse the Vidalian human geography. Its particular use of description and its capacity of metamorphosing environmental elements into geographical categories able to revealing the French national identity under the long-run time show how complex and relevant its method is.
Improving Linkage to Care of Hepatitis C: Clinical Validation of GeneXpert® HCV Viral Load Point-of-Care Assay in Indonesia
Authors: Thedja Meta Dewi , Wibowo Dhita Prabasari , El-Khobar Korri Elvanita , Ie Susan Irawati , Turyadi  , Setiawan Lyana , Murti Ignatia Sinta , Muljono David Handojo
Published: May 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection large-scale diagnosis and treatment are hampered by lack of a simple, rapid, and reliable point-of-care (POC) test, which poses a challenge for the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate Cepheid Xpert® HCV Viral Load performance in comparison with the Roche Cobas® TaqMan® HCV Test using serum samples of HCV-infected patients in Indonesia. Viral load quantification was performed on 243 anti-HCV positive patients’ samples using both Xpert HCV VL and Roche HCV tests, followed by HCV genotyping by reverse hybridization. Strength of the relationship between the assays was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient, while level of agreement was analyzed by Deming regression and Bland–Altman plot analysis using log10-transformed viral load values. Quantifiable viral load was detected in 180/243 (74.1%), with Xpert HCV VL sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 0.98, 1.00) and specificity of 98.4% (95% CI 0.91, 0.99) based on Roche HCV tests, while HCV genotypes were determined in 172/180 (95.6%) samples. There was a good correlation between both assays (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), overall and per genotype, with good concordance by Deming regression and a mean difference of −0.25 log10 IU/mL (95% CI −0.33, −0.18) by Bland–Altman plot analysis. Xpert HCV VL test was demonstrated as a POC platform with good performance for HCV diagnosis and treatment decision that would be beneficial for decentralized service in resource-limited areas. HCV testing sites, alongside additional GeneXpert modular systems distributed toward the fight against COVID-19, could ensure some continuity, once this pandemic is controlled.
Contraceptive Prevalence and Consulting Service in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Maryam Mobini  , Reza Ali Mohammadpour  , Yasaman Salehi  , Fatemeh Niksolat
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often affects women of childbearing age. Family planning consultation is a major aspect of medical care in these patients because of the risk of disease activation and poor pregnancy and fetal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate contraceptive prevalence and consulting service in women with SLE.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 144 female patients with SLE, ages 15-50, who were presented to rheumatology clinics in Sari, north of Iran, were evaluated. The study was conducted between March 2019 and May 2020. Patients' clinico-demographic profile and fertility information were obtained. Disease activity and damage were assessed by the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index (SDI).RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four SLE patients of childbearing age participated in this study. From 102 patients with the possibility of pregnancy, 36(35.2%) received contraceptive consultations in last year. Withdrawal was the most prevalent contraceptive method (41.7%), followed by permanent (11.8%), and barrier methods (9%). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, marriage duration, SDI or SLEDAI scores between the women who received or not received contraceptive counseling (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Many SLE patients did not receive adequate information about contraception, and it may be associated with many adverse effects on disease activity and pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, contraceptive consultation as an important aspect of patient’s management is strongly suggested.
Effect of Concept Mapping Education on Critical Thinking Skills of Medical Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Aslami Maryam  , Dehghani Mohammadreza  , Shakurnia Abdolhussein  , Ramezani Ghobad  , Kojuri Javad
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Fostering critical thinking (CT) is one of the most important missions in medical education. Concept mapping is a method used to plan and create medical care through a diagrammatic representation of patient problems and medical interventions. Concept mapping as a general method can be used to improve CT skills in medical students. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of concept mapping on CT skills of medical students.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 second-year medical students which take an anatomy course. Participants were randomly assigned into a control group (lecture-based) and an intervention group (concept mapping). CT levels of medical students were assessed using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test.RESULTS: Before intervention, CT scores of the intervention and control groups were 6.68 ± 2.55 and 6.64±2.74, respectively, and after intervention, they were 11.64±2.29 and 10.04 ± 3.11, respectively. Comparison of mean score differences for both groups before and after intervention demonstrated that CT scores in the experimental group significantly increased after intervention (P=0.021).CONCLUSIONS: Medical students who were taught through concept mapping showed an increase in CT scores, compared with those in the control group. Medical students require effective CT skills in order to make sound knowledge-based assessment and treatment choices during patient care. Therefore, instructors and planners of medical education are expected to apply this educational strategy for developing CT skills in medical students.
Detection of Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamases among Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Hospitals of Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Mina Zarabadi-Pour  , Amir Peymani  , Narges Habibollah-Pourzereshki  , Mohammad Reza Sarookhani  , Ali Akbar Karami  , Amir Javadi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Acinetobacter baumannii is a major contributor to nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum ßlactamase (ESBL)-producing A. baumannii is spreading worldwide. We aimed to determine the frequency of ESBLencoding genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii and to access their clonal relationship by repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR).METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 203 isolates of A. baumannii were collected from Qazvin hospitals. The Identification of isolates was performed by standard laboratory methods. To verify ESBL production, all isolates were screened by disk agar diffusion and confirmed by the combined disk method. Subsequently, ESBL-encoding genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. Possible clonal association of ESBL-producing isolates was evaluated using rep-PCR.RESULTS: Two hundred (98.5%) isolates showed reduced susceptibility to one of the antibiotics used in the ESBL screening test, of which 127 isolates (62.6%) produced ESBL. PCR results showed blaOXA-1 (20.5%) was the most prevalent gene followed by blaTEM-1 (20%), blaGES-1 (15.7%), blaCTX-M-15 (7.9%), and blaPER-1(1.6%). Rep-PCR results revealed that ESBL-producing isolates belonged to clones A (85%), B (13.4%), and C (1.6%).CONCLUSION: Our study showed the significant presence of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaGES-1, blaCTX-M-15, and blaPER-1 genes in ESBLproducing A. baumannii isolates in the studied hospitals. This is the first report on the emergence of blaOXA-1 gene in these isolates in Iran. The use of comprehensive antimicrobial treatment guidelines based on laboratory data and appropriate infection control interventions are essential.
The Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of COPD in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fatemeh Jahanian  , Iraj Goli Khatir  , Hamed Amini Ahidashti  , Sepideh Amirifard
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are serious complications that often require immediate intervention in an emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant in the treatment of AECOPD in the ED.METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 patients with AECOPD presenting to the ED of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, were included. The study was conducted between September 2016 and February 2018. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Patients in the intervention and control groups received intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate (2 gr) or normal saline over 30 minutes, respectively. For all patients, Borgdyspnea score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) result and clinical variables of interest were evaluated before the beginning of the intervention, and also 45 minutes and 6 hours after the commencement of intervention.RESULTS: Regardless of time of evaluation, pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) and Borg score in intervention group was lower than control group. Also, FEV1 and SPO2 were greater in intervention group compared to control group. However, these differences were not statistically significant (between-subject differences or group effect) (p<0.001). The trends of FEV1, SPO2, PR, RR and Borg score were similar between two groups of study (no interaction effect; P>0.05).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it seems that using intravenous magnesium sulfate has no significant effect on SPO2, FEV1, RR, and PR of patients with AECOPD who presented to ED.
Purpose, Strategy and Activism: An Exploratory Inquiry into the Strategic Construct of Purpose-driven Brands within For-Profit Corporations.
Authors:   , Brendel Dominik
Published: May 2021

The concept of purpose-driven brands has drawn increasing attention in practice, and also increasingly among academia. The literature, in the substantive area of research on marketing, brand and corporate strategy acknowledges the existence and importance of a higher-order purpose for organizations. However, the body of knowledge lacks explanations and definitions concerning the construction of such higher-order purpose. Furthermore, there is ambiguity concerning the position and role of such a purpose within the overall normative, strategic framework of a firm. In addition, the managers’ motivation to apply such a strategy in practice is overall not evident. Therefore, this research aims to develop a substantive theory concerning the construct of purpose-driven brands and their role in normative strategy frameworks and to explore further the motivations behind managers’ adoption of such a strategy. The researcher adopts a critical realist’s stance and applies a classic grounded theory (CGT) methodology. As the data collection method, 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers who were selected applying CGT’s theoretical sampling strategy. The participating managers work in marketing and strategic leadership positions at US and European for-profit corporations that claim to apply a purpose-driven brand strategy. The sample covers consumer goods, industrial goods and service industries. The application of CGT’s coding paradigm guides the analysis of the qualitative data and the abstraction towards the emergent grounded theory. The theory is then triangulated with practitioners’ literature from within the substantive area of research. The study’s findings provide evidence that the conceptual idea of higher-order purpose is based on the managers’ conviction that businesses, as social entities, should pro-actively contribute to society’s challenges at large through their business initiatives, beyond a financial contribution to its shareholders. The emergent CGT of the purpose-driven brand embeds the constituting tenets and elements and their interdependencies and relationships around the core category of Activism, though higher-order purpose. The findings suggest that the constitution of the purpose-driven brand is dependent on a firm’s corporate purpose and foundationally related to the guiding principles and strategies of an organization, which are codified through the implementation of a normative strategic framework. The emergent theory is embedded adjunct to brand strategy theory and discussed with reference to extant theory from within the substantive area of research. This thesis contributes a theoretical model, grounded in data, to close the gap in theory and practice regarding the construct of the purpose-driven brand and its place within the overall normative framework of a firm.