bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACT for Gender Identity
Authors: Stitt Alex
Published: October 2024

Increasingly adopted by therapists and mental health professionals, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) helps clients to cope with social, emotional and mental health issues by using the six core ACT processes: Acceptance, Cognitive Defusion, Being Present, the Self as Context, Values and Committed Action.

This is the go-to-guide for evidence-based ACT techniques to be used by professionals to help their transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, third gender and agender clients. It provides the tools to help these clients develop emotional processing skills they can implement throughout their life, from coping with mental health issues and substance abuse, to navigating prejudice and social pressure, to building a career and developing a family.
Life Isn’t Binary
Authors: Barker Meg-John , Iantaffi Alex
Published: October 2024

‘The book we all need for this moment in time.’ CN LESTER

‘An absolute must read’ FOX FISHER

‘A genius book’LIBRARY JOURNAL REVIEW

Much of society’s thinking operates in a highly rigid and binary manner; something is good or bad, right or wrong, a success or a failure, and so on. Challenging this limited way of thinking, this ground-breaking book looks at how non-binary methods of thought can be applied to all aspects of life, and offer new and greater ways of understanding ourselves and how we relate to others.

Using bisexual and non-binary gender experiences as a starting point, this book addresses the key issues with binary thinking regarding our relationships, bodies, emotions, wellbeing and our sense of identity and sets out a range of practices which may help us to think in more non-binary, both/and, or uncertain ways.

A truly original and insightful piece, this guide encourages reflection on how we view and understand the world we live in and how we all bend, blur or break society’s binary codes.
The Autism Couple’s Workbook
Authors: Aston Maxine
Published: October 2024

This updated edition of Maxine Aston's workbook is packed full of insightful, helpful and easily accessible activities for couples where one or both partners is on the autism spectrum to understand and accept their differences. This book expands on topics including verbal and non-verbal communication, sexual issues, socialising and parenting, with case studies from couples who have successfully worked through their issues.

This edition is fully updated for the DSM-V and features new research into alexithymia, further insights into couples counselling, digital communication and sensory sensitivity, with new worksheets and opportunities for collaboration and reflection. Combining advice, guidance and activities, this book can be used independently by a couple at home or in conjunction with a therapist, encouraging communication and empathy to help make a neurodiverse relationship successful.
The Neurodiverse Workplace
Authors: Honeybourne Victoria
Published: October 2024

Estimates suggest that up to 20% of employees, customers and clients might have a neurodivergent condition - such as dyslexia, autism, Asperger's, ADHD or dyspraxia - yet these individuals often struggle to gain and maintain employment, despite being very capable. This practical, authoritative business guide will help managers and employers support neurodiverse staff, and gives advice on how to ensure workplaces are neuro-friendly. The book demonstrates that neurodiversity is a natural aspect of human variation to be expected and accepted, rather than a deficit to be accommodated.

Employer responsibilities are highlighted, including the 2010 Equality Act, and a range of strategies and policies are provided, including recruitment advice and the benefits of neurodiverse employees, along with advice on physical environments, interaction and communication, and working with clients and customers. This book is an ideal resource for all employers wanting to support and empower people with specific needs to help create a more inclusive workplace, benefiting both neurodiverse individuals and the companies employing them.
Observational Drawing for Students with Dyslexia
Authors: Rankin Qona , Riley Howard
Published: October 2024

This hands-on practical guide provides dyslexic young people with techniques to improve their observational drawing skills, showing them how they can work around the issues commonly reported by students with SLDs.

Many creative and talented individuals with neurological differences report difficulties with short-term memory, co-ordination and planning ahead within a project, and a lack of specialised teaching may even dissuade them from pursuing art at school. This book addresses those challenges.

The authors, who have many years' experience of teaching art to dyslexic and dyspraxic students, also include examples not just of the techniques described, but also of the creative ideas other neurodiverse students have come up with. Fully illustrated, with clear explanations, and space to draw and sketch, this much needed book will provide dyslexic art students with the tools and confidence to achieve their goals and become the creative professionals of the future.
The Educator’s Guide to LGBT+ Inclusion
Authors: Shane Kryss
Published: October 2024

The rates of bullying, truancy due to lack of safety in schools, and subsequent suicidality for LGBT+ youth are exponentially higher than for non-LGBT+ youth. As a result, many American K-12 students are suffering needlessly and many school leaders are unsure of what to do. This book solves that problem. Setting out best practices and professional guidance for creating LGBT+ inclusive learning in schools, this approachable and easy-to-follow book guides teachers, educators, administrators, and school staff toward appropriate and proven ways to create safer learning environments, update school policies, enhance curricula, and better support LGBT+ youth as they learn.

Featuring real-life situations and scenarios, a glossary, and further resources, this book enables professionals in a variety of school roles to integrate foundational concepts into their everyday interactions with students, families, and staff to create an overall school culture that nurtures a welcoming, inclusive, and affirming environment for all. This book can be utilized by independent readers, department teams, and entire school district reading experiences.

This book also includes brand new, never before seen postcards from PostSecret as its foreword and its afterword is written by James Lecesne, co-founder of The Trevor Project. Also inside is the very first (and likely only ever) interview by the leaders of “Parents of Transgender Children”, the world’s largest support group of its kind.
The Anxiety Workbook for Supporting Teens Who Learn Differently
Authors: Ward Clare , Galpin James
Published: October 2024

The teenage years are associated with high levels of uncertainty and anxiety, compounded by academic and social demands, and physical and emotional changes. They can be especially tough for teenagers who learn differently.

This workbook contains a host of practical activities for teachers and other adults supporting young people with learning differences, whether at home or in the classroom. Drawing on their years of first hand experience, and up to the minute research, the authors outline a trans-diagnostic framework for identifying what might be behind a student's behaviour. They show how the first crucial step all practitioners must take is to work out what could be causing a teen's feelings of anxiety or uncertainty, and how this can be addressed.

The activities in this workbook are organised into three sections, each addressing one of the three key areas where anxiety or uncertainty can be found: the structural, sensory and social domains. The tried-and-tested worksheets and activities present a much-needed alternative to a diagnosis-led approach. They can be used with any teenager, with or without a diagnosis, in classroom settings, intervention groups, or one to one work. The Anxiety Workbook will help you to really understand and address the needs of the SEN students you support, thereby improving their well-being, confidence and self-esteem and empowering them to get the most out of their education.
The Big Book of LGBTQ+ Activities
Authors: Taylor Amie
Published: October 2024

With 5 fun tales featuring merpeople, a rainbow wedding and a back-to-front horse, this captivating guide to LGBTQ+ identities takes you on a journey through Clear Sky Castle to promote inclusion for children aged 6 to 9.

The interactive stories and games - including drawing, sculpting, word searches and quizzes - raise awareness of different kinds of families, as well as identities such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and non-binary, and teach acceptance for all. The resourceful 'Guide for Adults' at the end of the book offers advice, answers to activities throughout, and signposts to helpful organisations for the adult reading the book with the child.
Helping Students on the Autism Spectrum Get the Best Out of College
Authors: Ripley Kate , Murphy Dr Rebecca
Published: October 2024

This is the companion guide for further education staff working with students on the autism spectrum who are using Getting the Best Out of College for Students on the Autism Spectrum: A Workbook for Entering Further Education.

The workbook takes a holistic approach and focusses on the practicalities of college life for autistic students transitioning to further education, as well as those already there. It covers everything needed to support autistic students including getting to college, how to handle new sensory issues, peer relationships, where to go for help, time management, and exam anxiety.

This guide follows the structure of the workbook Getting the Best Out of College for Students on the Autism Spectrum. For each chapter, there is a parallel chapter in the student guide that directly addresses the students' needs. This guide includes case studies, contextual information and frameworks to help adults work through the exercises and interactive elements with the student.
The Parents’ Guide to ADHD Medicines
Authors: Hill Professor Peter
Published: October 2024

This reassuring guide explains prescribed ADHD medicines for children in clear, everyday language. Based on questions the author has received from countless families in his work as a Consultant Psychiatrist, the expert information in this book answers the most pressing questions a parent will have about ADHD medicines: how they work, what they do, what is available and how to talk about them to your children.

This book sheds light on why not all medicines are easily available, the differences between certain medications and their level of effectiveness, all based on scientific evidence. This information will support parents in discussions with medical professionals, explaining the practicalities and demystifying the terminology around medication and treatments. The book also provides insights into the decisions behind prescribing certain medicines and how they should be taken. Armed with this guide, parents – as well as teachers and others working with kids with ADHD – can feel confident and assured when their child is prescribed treatments for ADHD.
Supporting the Development of Speech, Language and Communication in the Early Years
Authors: McQueen Diana , Williams Jo
Published: October 2024

Speech and language impairment can have a huge impact on cognitive development. Identifying what is going wrong - and what effective intervention looks like - can be daunting. Short of retraining you as a speech and language therapist, this thorough guide will give you everything you need to change that.

An essential resource, the book contains a wide variety of online resources, including phonological and sound awareness documents, assessment tools, and recording forms that can be downloaded straight to your device, providing excellent materials and activities to use in the classroom.

Written by speech and language therapists and designed exclusively for Early Years practitioners, this book provides a complete overview of how children acquire language and what language impairments look like at this age. You will find both strategic and practical advice on how to manage and encourage the development of speech and language skills. Creating the optimum communication environment for every child in your setting is an important part of what the book offers. Equally, practitioners are supported to be able to recognise the features of specific language difficulties such as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and feel confident to intervene when children are struggling.
Dyslexia and Me
Authors: Udokporo Onyinye
Published: October 2024

Throughout my life I have been told directly and indirectly that dyslexia is found in particular people... [In fact] dyslexia can be found in someone like me. It isn't just 'okay' but something to be proud of. This book has been written because I want people to know that dyslexia can be found in people of every colour, creed, or circumstance.

In this book, rising star entrepreneur Onyinye Udokporo shares her story of growing up dyslexic in a society where neurodivergence was always presented as a white male issue.

Onyinye discusses her experience of being diagnosed at 11 years old, starting a business the following year, gaining a scholarship to a prestigious boarding school and going on to complete two degrees by the age of 22, while also being honest about the difficulties she faced throughout including with bullying and anxiety. She shares the tips she picked up over the years for thriving with dyslexia and the strategies she used to overcome her difficulties in reading and writing well, staying organised and speaking with confidence.

Illuminating wider issues of systemic racism in the educational sector and providing a timely reminder that dyslexia can be found in any community and culture, this is an empowering story of surviving and thriving in the face of adversity.
So, I’m Autistic
Authors: O’Brien Sarah
Published: October 2024

‘There isn’t a secret manual outlining exactly how to get through your teens and young adulthood as an autistic individual, but this book provides a script for how to do what adulthood will make you do anyway, in a way that is most accessible for you.

You’ve just received an autism diagnosis, so why do you still feel so lost when it comes to what autism actually means for you?

Written by autistic advocate Sarah O’Brien, this book gives a much-needed introduction into what autism is and removes the myths, stereotypes and stigma that surround it. Sarah provides insights into what to do after diagnosis and how to approach and navigate the process of informing those in your life, from your family and friends to your teachers or manager at work. Utilising her own experience of feeling lost after diagnosis and navigating all of the ‘firsts’ of adolescence and young adulthood Sarah provides an honest and friendly voice to guide you through it all.

Intelligent and clearly-written, this is the fact-led and information-rich resource that will answer your questions about autism, introduce you to your new community and set you up to thrive as an autistic adult.
Out
Authors: Sovec John
Published: October 2024

The coming out process for LGBTQIA+ adolescents can be a terrifying moment, not only for themselves, but also for their family and friends. When intense emotions are running the gamut of concern, shock, joy or even anger and acceptance, it can be tricky to process how you feel while giving your child the support they need.

Offering essential guidance and advice, this book is here to help you with chapters that explore LGBTQIA+ terminology, understanding the coming out process, effective communication strategies, talking to your LGBTQIA+ kid about sex, the parents' process of acceptance, and the family coming out process. Importantly, this guide also covers a wide range of lesser-known orientations such as pansexuality and asexuality as well as dedicated chapters on trans youth and the often overlooked grieving process for parents with stories of lived experience throughout.

With a unique three step strategy, you and your family can support your LGBTQIA+ child's newly shared identity, create a stronger family unit, and move towards a more open, affirming relationship based on honest communication and understanding.
Autistic World Domination
Authors: Stockman Jolene
Published: October 2024

The neurotypical world doesn’t always work for autistic people who often feel they’re on the same planet but live in a different world. Autistic World Domination is here to rewrite normal. By helping readers write their own blueprint for life, this book empowers autistic people to create the world they want for themselves. This vibrant, fresh, and energetic guide blends motivational writing based on Jolene Stockman’s own experiences as an autistic woman with practical exercises and actionable plans to help the reader identify who they are, what is important to them and how they might achieve their goals.

This futuristic perspective on autism weaves advice and action together and encourages readers to uncover the truth about themselves and tap into the potential of true autistic power and joy.
Fictions of Containment in the Spanish Female Picaresque
Authors: Kuffner Emily
Published: October 2024

This study examines the interdependence of gender, sexuality and space in the early modern period, which saw the inception of architecture as a discipline and gave rise to the first custodial institutions for women, including convents for reformed prostitutes. Meanwhile, conduct manuals established prescriptive mandates for female use of space, concentrating especially on the liminal spaces of the home. This work traces literary prostitution in the Spanish Mediterranean through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, from the rise of courtesan culture in several key areas through the shift from tolerance of prostitution toward repression. Kuffner’s analysis pairs canonical and noncanonical works of fiction with didactic writing, architectural treatises, and legal mandates, tying the literary practice of prostitution to increasing control over female sexuality during the Counter Reformation. By tracing erotic negotiations in the female picaresque novel from its origins through later manifestations, she demonstrates that even as societal attitudes towards prostitution shifted dramatically, a countervailing tendency to view prostitution as an essential part of the social fabric undergirds many representations of literary prostitutes. Kuffner’s analysis reveals that the semblance of domestic enclosure figures as a primary erotic strategy in female picaresque fiction, allowing readers to assess the variety of strategies used by authors to comment on the relationship between unruly female sexuality and social order.
Accurate Attack Detection in Intrusion Detection System for cyber threat intelligence feeds using machine learning techniques.
Authors: Irshad Ehtsham , Siddiqui Abdul Basit
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of modern technology, cyber-attacks are continuously rising. Malicious behavior in the network is discovered using security devices like intrusion detection systems (IDS), firewalls, and antimalware systems. To defend organizations, procedures for detecting threats more correctly and precisely must be defined. The proposed study investigates the significance of cyber-threat intelligence (CTI) feeds in accurate IDS detection. The NSL-KDD and CSE-CICIDS-2018 datasets were analyzed in this study. This research makes use of normalization, transformation, and feature selection algorithms. Machine learning (ML) techniques were employed to determine if the traffic was normal or an attack. With the proposed study the ability to identify network attacks has improved using machine learning algorithms. The proposed model provides 98% accuracy, 97% precision, and 96% recall respectively.
Predicting Student Performance Using Educational Data Mining: A Review
Authors: Kumari Veena , Meghji Areej Fatemah , Qadir Rohma , Gianchand Urooj , Shaikh Farhan Bashir
Published: October 2024

Educational Data Mining (EDM) strategies facilitate the efficient and in-depth analysis of student data. EDM provides useful insights into comprehending student learning patterns and identifying factors that influence academic success. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of classification algorithms popularly explored in EDM for predicting student performance and identifying common trends in existing EDM research. The review follows a systematic approach, relevant research articles have been cited following an inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the selection of studies that specifically address the use of EDM techniques for predicting student academic achievement. According to the review findings, most researchers have utilized the features of cumulative grade point average, internal and external assessment, and demographic information to predict student performance. The most common techniques in EDM for predicting students’ performance are Naïve Bayes and Decision Trees. The review also focuses on the potential for bias, key examination of challenges, and possible future directions in the field. In the context of student performance prediction, ethical considerations regarding privacy, data handling, and the interpretation of results are also identified
Development of a Combined Milling and Sifting Machine for use in Pupuru (Cassava flour) Processing Plant
Authors: Olagoke Zephaniah Ayodeji, , Ayodeji Phillips Akinyuwa,
Published: October 2024

The concern of the entire nation over the need to ensure food security is continually becoming more apparent every day. Hence, this has led researchers, industrialists, investors and government agencies to begin aggressively develop series of devices to reduce the level of drudgery associated with processing, and formulation of varieties of food items to enhance food productivity and quality. Pupuru, a derivative of cassava, is one of the foodstuffs whose global demand is on the increase but its production is at low pace as a result of the crude techniques and implement utilize in its post-processing. Post-processing of cassava into pupuru involves series of stages, ranging from peeling to packaging. Combination of two or more of these processing stages is one of the potential measures of enhancing the productivity of the product, and financial benefits of the stakeholders. This study focused on the development and performance evaluation of a combined milling-sifting machine for use in 5.0 kg/batch Pupuru processing plant. the machine comprises a gear reduction motor, milling chamber, vibrating tray and sets of extension spring connected in parallel for magnifying the vibration produced during operation. The results of the performance revealed that the throughput capacity and sifting efficiency of the machine range between 69.30 – 82.92 kg/h and 86.30 – 95.30 % when used to process feedstock with moisture content in the range of 5 – 6 %. It was observed that the performance of the machine improves with reduction in the feedstock moisture content. It was concluded that the incorporation of the machine into pupuru processing line would enhance the yield and quality to meet the ever-increasing global demand for cassava flour
Proton plasma asymmetries between the convective-electric-field hemispheres of Venus' dayside magnetosheath
Authors: Rojas Mata Sebastián , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella , Zhang Tielong , Futaana Yoshifumi
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Proton plasma asymmetries with respect to the convective electric field (E) are characterized in Venus' dayside magnetosheath using measurements taken by an ion mass-energy spectrometer and a magnetometer. Investigating the spatial structure of the magnetosheath plasma in this manner provides insight into the coupling between solar-wind protons and planetary ions. A previously developed methodology for statistically quantifying asymmetries is further developed and applied to an existing database of proton bulk-parameter measurements in the dayside magnetosheath. The density and speed exhibit mild asymmetries favoring the hemisphere in which E points towards the planet, while the magnetic-field-strength asymmetry favors the opposite hemisphere. The temperature perpendicular to the background magnetic field has a mild asymmetry favoring the hemisphere in which E points away from the planet; the temperature parallel to the background magnetic field and the temperature anisotropy present no significant asymmetries. Deflection of the solar wind due to momentum exchange with planetary ions is revealed by the O+ Larmor-radius trends of the asymmetries of the bulk-velocity components perpendicular to the upstream solar-wind flow. This interpretation is enabled by comparisons to experimental and numerical studies of solar-wind deflection at Mars, highlighting the benefits of comparative planetology studies.
Development and assessment of the physical-biogeochemical ocean regional model in the Northwest Pacific: NPRT v1.0 (ROMS v3.9–TOPAZ v2.0)
Authors: Kim Daehyuk , Jung Hyun-Chae , Moon Jae-Hong , Lee Na-Hyeon
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The biogeochemical cycling system exhibits diverse characteristics in different regions owing to various factors. The Northwest Pacific is characterized by the presence of the warm and nutrient-depleted Kuroshio Current and the cold and nutrient-enriched Oyashio Current. In this region, surface primary production leads to increased nutrient consumption and CO2 exchange. The Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) are predominantly influenced by freshwater input. A high resolution regional numerical model tailored to the specific features of each area is required to reproduce the different characteristics of each region. Therefore, to accurately analyze the physical and biogeochemical system, this study developed a new coupled physical-biogeochemical model combining the three-dimensional Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Generic Ocean Turbulence Model Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (TOPAZ) for the Northwest Pacific, including the YECS. The simulated physical and biogeochemical variables in the ROMS–TOPAZ (NPRT) were evaluated by comparing them with available observational data. The spatial correlation ranges of the various variables reproduced in the NPRT were 0.5–0.7. In the upper layer (0–20 m), NPRT successfully simulated the seasonal variability of chlorophyll, capturing two peaks in spring and summer, which were not captured by the CMIP6 data. Particularly in the YECS, NPRT effectively represented the biomass driven by riverine effect, which is difficult to reproduce in global biogeochemical model with low-resolution. However, NPRT still exhibits significant biases in the subarctic region and marginal seas. To minimize the uncertainties in biogeochemical variables, it is necessary to refine the initial and boundary conditions, adjust parameters, and apply discharge forcing based on observational data. Despite these limitations, NPRT is an important tool for studying the interaction between ocean physics and biogeochemistry at a high resolution.
Implementation and validation of a supermodelling framework into CESM version 2.1.5
Authors: Chapman William Eric , Schevenhoven Francine , Berner Judith , Keenlyside Noel , Bethke Ingo , Chiu Ping-Gin , Gupta Alok , Nusbaumer Jesse
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Here we present a framework for the first atmosphere-connected supermodel using state-of-the-art atmospheric models. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) versions 5 and 6 exchange information interactively while running, a process known as supermodeling. The primary goal of this approach is to synchronize the models, allowing them to compensate for each other's systematic errors in real-time, in part by increasing the dimentionality of the system. In this study, we examine a single untrained supermodel where each model version is equally weighted in creating pseudo-observations. We demonstrate that the models synchronize well without decreased variability, particularly in storm track regions, across multiple timescales and for variables where no information has been exchanged. Synchronization is less pronounced in the tropics, and in regions of lesser synchronization we observe a decrease in high-frequency variability. Additionally, the low-frequency modes of variability (North Atlantic Oscillation and Pacific North American Pattern) are not degraded compared to the base models. For some variables, the mean bias is reduced compared to control simulations of each model version as well as the non-interactive ensemble mean.
Heterogeneous Phototransformation of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Influencing Factors, Mechanisms and Products
Authors: Yang Yueyao , Liu Yahui , Zhu Guohua , Lin Bingcheng , Zhang Shanshan , Li Xin , Xu Fangxi , Niu He , Jin Rong , Zheng Minghui
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (XPAHs) are emerging pollutants widely found in atmospheric particulate matter (PM). However, their environmental transformation mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we collected PM samples of varying sizes over a year for XPAH analysis and found the average concentrations of XPAHs peaked in winter and were dominated by PM1 (47.0 %). Correlation analysis with relevant meteorological parameters showed strong associations between XPAH fluctuations and PM, temperatures, and humidity. Hence, controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the influence of particle size, sunlight duration, temperature, humidity, and oxidant concentrations on XPAH transformation. Our results indicated that the transformation rates of XPAHs were influenced by the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structures, with phenanthrene < fluoranthene < pyrene < benz[a]anthracene ≈ anthracene < benzo[a]pyrene, as well as the substitution of halogens: chlorinated < brominated. Furthermore, the photo irradiation promoted the heterogeneous transformation of XPAHs, with this process being accelerated by the increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species and elevated temperature, peaking at the humidity level of 45 %. The transformation products were identified by nontarget analysis. We then proposed phototransformation pathways for XPAHs, suggesting a mechanism involving dechlorination followed by oxidation. Predictions were made regarding the persistence, bioaccumulation, long-range transportation, and toxicities of XPAHs and their transformation products, showing a decrement in environmental risks as the transformation progressed. This study provides novel insights into the primary influencing factors for particulate XPAH variations and the mechanisms of heterogeneous phototransformation.
Pooled Error Variance and Covariance Estimation of Sparse In Situ Soil Moisture Sensor Measurements in Agricultural Fields in Flanders
Authors: Hendrickx Marit G. A. , Vanderborght Jan , Janssens Pieter , Bombeke Sander , Matthyssen Evi , Waverijn Anne , Diels Jan
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Accurately quantifying errors in soil moisture measurements from in situ sensors at fixed locations is essential for reliable state and parameter estimation in probabilistic soil hydrological modeling. This quantification becomes particularly challenging when the number of sensors per field or measurement zone (MZ) is limited. When direct calculation of errors from sensor data in a certain MZ is not feasible, we propose to pool systematic and random errors of soil moisture measurements for a specific measurement setup to derive a pooled error covariance matrix that applies across different fields and soil types. In this study, a pooled error covariance matrix was derived from soil moisture sensor measurements and soil moisture sampling campaigns conducted over three growing seasons, covering 93 cropping cycles in agricultural fields with diverse soil textures in Belgium. The MZ soil moisture estimated from soil samples, which showed a small standard error (0.0038 m3 m‑3) and which was not correlated between different sampling campaigns since soil samples were taken at different locations, represented the ‘true’ MZ soil moisture. First, we established a pooled linear recalibration of the TEROS 10 (Meter Group, Inc., USA) manufacturer's sensor calibration function. Then, for each individual sensor as well as for each MZ, we identified systematic deviations and temporally varying residual deviations between the calibrated sensor data and sampling data. The autocovariance of the individual or the MZ-averaged sensor measurement errors was represented by the variance of the systematic deviations across all sensors or MZs whereas the random error variance was calculated from the variance of the pooled residual deviations. The total error variance was equal to the sum of the autocovariance and random error variance. Due to spatial sensor correlation, the variance and autocovariance of MZ-average sensor measurement errors could not be derived from the individual sensor error variances and covariances. The pooled error covariance matrix of the MZ-averaged soil moisture measurements indicated a significant sensor error autocorrelation of 0.518, as the systematic error standard deviation (σα- = 0.0327 m3 m‑3) was similar to the random error standard deviation (σε- = 0.0316 m3 m‑3). These results demonstrate that the common assumption of uncorrelated random errors to determine parameter and model prediction uncertainty is not valid when measurements from sparse in situ soil moisture sensors are used to parameterize soil hydraulic models. Further research is required to assess to what extent the error covariances found in this study can be transferred to other areas, and how they impact parameter estimation in soil hydrological modeling.
Compressing high-resolution data through latent representation encoding for downscaling large-scale AI weather forecast model
Authors: Liu Qian , Gong Bing , Zhuang Xiaoran , Zhong Xiaohui , Kang Zhiming , Li Hao
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in weather research has been driven by the ability to learn from large, high-dimensional datasets. However, this progress also poses significant challenges, particularly regarding the substantial costs associated with processing extensive data and the limitations of computational resources. Inspired by the Neural Image Compression (NIC) task in computer vision, this study seeks to compress weather data to address these challenges and enhance the efficiency of downstream applications. Specifically, we propose a variational autoencoder (VAE) framework tailored for compressing high-resolution datasets, specifically the High Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (HRCLDAS) with a spatial resolution of 1 km. Our framework successfully reduced the storage size of 3 years of HRCLDAS data from 8.61 TB to just 204 GB, while preserving essential information. In addition, we demonstrated the utility of the compressed data through a downscaling task, where the model trained on the compressed dataset achieved accuracy comparable to that of the model trained on the original data. These results highlight the effectiveness and potential of the compressed data for future weather research.
Sensitivity of ice cloud radiative heating to optical, macro- and microphysical properties
Authors: Sepulveda Araya Edgardo I. , Sullivan Sylvia C. , Voigt Aiko
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ice clouds play an important role in the atmospheric radiation budget, both by reflecting shortwave radiation and absorbing or emitting longwave radiation. These effects can modulate the cloud radiative heating (CRH) rate, which in turn influences circulation and precipitation. Ice cloud radiative properties depend on the size, shape (or habit), and complexity, including surface roughness or hollowness, of in-cloud ice crystals. To better predict ice-cloud radiative effects, there has been a continuous effort to account for more ice crystal habits and complexity in current radiative transfer calculations. Here, we conduct a series of idealized single-column radiative transfer calculations to study how ice-CRH responds to including ice crystal complexity. We evaluate four ice optical schemes for a range of ice cloud formation temperatures or altitudes, geometrical depths, ice water paths (IWP), and ice crystal effective radii. In addition, we present a heating rate sensitivity matrix as a condensed visualization of the CRH response across a broad parameter space. We find that including ice complexity in cold thin clouds with high IWP, can diminish the net in-cloud heating and cloud-top cooling by 2.5 K d-1 and 15 K d-1, respectively. Furthermore, while temperature-based schemes behave similarly to other schemes at warmer temperatures, they predict net CRH at cloud bottom more than 10 K d-1 higher than size-dependent schemes at the coldest temperatures. Either weakening of CRH by ice complexity or strengthening by temperature-dependent schemes can alter anvil cloud lifetime and evolution, as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation.
A revised marine fossil record of the Mediterranean before and after the Messinian salinity crisis
Authors: Agiadi Konstantina , Hohmann Niklas , Gliozzi Elsa , Thivaiou Danae , Bosellini Francesca R. , Taviani Marco , Bianucci Giovanni , Collareta Alberto , Londeix Laurent , Faranda Costanza , Bulian Francesca , Koskeridou Efterpi , Lozar Francesca , Mancini Alan Maria , Dominici Stefano , Moissette Pierre , Bajo Campos Ildefonso , Borghi Enrico , Iliopoulos George , Antonarakou Assimina , Kontakiotis George , Besiou Evangelia , Zarkogiannis Stergios D. , Harzhauser Mathias , Sierro Francisco Javier , Camerlenghi Angelo , García-Castellanos Daniel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The Messinian salinity crisis and its precursor events have been the greatest environmental perturbation of the Mediterranean Sea to date, offering an opportunity to study the response of marine ecosystems to extreme hydrological change and a large-scale biological invasion. The restriction of the marine connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean resulted in stratification of the water column and high-amplitude variations in seawater temperature and salinity already from the early Messinian. Here, we present a unified and revised marine fossil record of the Mediterranean (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13358435, Agiadi et al., 2024) that covers the Tortonian stage, the pre-evaporitic Messinian stage, and the Zanclean stage and encompasses 23 032 occurrences of calcareous nannoplankton, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, corals, ostracods, bryozoans, echinoids, mollusks, fishes, and marine mammals. This record adheres to the FAIR principles, is updated in terms of taxonomy, and follows the currently accepted stratigraphic framework. Based on this record, knowledge gaps are identified, which are due to spatiotemporal inconsistencies in sampling effort and the distribution of sedimentary facies, as well as the inherent differences in the preservation potential between the groups. Additionally, sampling bias in old records may have distorted the record in favor of larger, more impressive taxa within groups. This record is now ready to be used to answer both geological and biological questions about the Mediterranean Sea and beyond and is amendable when new fossil data are brought to light.
Security Protection of Video-GIS Data Based on Data Encryption and Digital Watermarking
Authors: Qiu Yinguo , Long Jiaying , Ma Cong , Luo Juhua , Xiao Qitao
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Video-GIS data, a novel generation of multimedia produced through the integration of geographic videos and GIS, has evolved into an innovative form of geospatial data representation. As a kind of digital products, Video-GIS data is vulnerable to unauthorized replication, dissemination, and usage. The potential for large-scale leakage of sensitive or confidential information, including commercial, political, military, and personal privacy data, poses a significant threat to the rights of data producers and may even compromise national security. Given this context, the primary concern is ensuring the security protection of video data in an open and shared data environment. To address this issue, we propose a novel scheme for the security protection of Video-GIS data in this paper, which collaboratively utilizes digital watermarking and data encryption. In the proposed scheme, Video-GIS data is divided into two categories, i.e., general and confidential, based on the presence or absence of sensitive information within the image frames. Appropriate security measures were meticulously designed for each data type to ensure effective prevention and control. Experimental results indicate that this watermarking algorithm exerts minimal influence on the quality of the Video-GIS data, while simultaneously maintaining optimal invisibility and robustness. The employed audio denoising method is characterized by its low complexity, simplicity, and feasibility, thereby ensuring the security of audio signal storage and transmission. This approach effectively realizes the dual protection objective for Video-GIS data, audio, and video.
Analysis of Machine Learning-Based NLOS Signal Identification Algorithm for UWB Indoor Localization Using CIR Waveform Features
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology stands out among numerous indoor positioning techniques due to its high operating frequency, low interception capability, resistance to multipath effects, and strong penetration. The UWB uses the time-of-arrival (TOA) to estimate the distance between the transmitter and receiver anchors in centimeter accuracy. However, in complex indoor positioning environments, obstacles such as walls, glass windows, metal plates, and wooden doors may block and reflect signals, inevitably causing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors that significantly affect positioning accuracy. The NLOS signal has lower signal energy due to the reflections. Thus, the channel impulse responses (CIR) from NLOS and LOS are different. To address the NLOS signal identification issue in UWB positioning, we utilize UWB CIR data collected from various positioning scenarios as the data source. CIR waveform input features are provided for the NLOS signal recognition model, and four machine learning models—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and XGBoost—are trained and optimized for NLOS signal recognition. The aim of the study is to analyze the performance of different machine learning algorithms for NLOS signal recognition in UWB indoor localization using these features. Experimental results indicate that machine learning-based NLOS signal recognition algorithms can achieve an accuracy of approximately 77.46%, precision of 80.46%, and an F1 score of 0.81. Among the four models, the XGBoost model demonstrates generally better recognition performance.
Impact of Motivational Speech on Psychological Need Satisfaction and Intrinsic Motivation of Young Adults
Authors: Nasarullah Aqsa , Anjum Afifa
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of motivational speeches on psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation of young adults utilizing a pretest-posttest quasi experiment method. A total of 25 students was selected via non-probability purposive sampling. The study utilized the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS; Chen et al., 2015) and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI; Ryan & Deci, 2000). Pretest measurements were taken from participants three weeks before and after viewing the motivational video “Formula for Success”. Post-test data was collected to evaluate the impact of the video. The results indicated a significant increase in psychological need satisfaction after the speech and a positive correlation between psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. No significant differences were found across gender, educational institutions and area of living. This study highlights the importance of motivational speech in increasing intrinsic motivation and psychological wellbeing offering a basis for future educational and motivational research. This study is likely to provide ground work for future studies.
The Simultaneity of Strategic Financial Decisions: Evidence from PSX listed Firms
Authors: Maqbool Asifa , Nazeer Nadia , Nawaz Dil , Maqbool Anum
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the interrelationships among financing, dividends, and the investment choices of non-financial firms listed on PSX. Unlike previous research, which primarily focused on developed nations with well-developed financial markets and investor protection laws, this study examines businesses in a developing economy characterized by fragile corporate governance, precarious investor protection laws, and political instability. The aim of this study is to shed light on the unique decision-making processes of managers operating in such contexts. This study employs a framework of simultaneous equations considering the flow of funds identity and utilizes the 3SLS estimation technique, which addresses the limitations of single-equation estimation methods. The findings reveal significant interdependencies among corporate financing, dividends, and investment decisions. Financing decisions positively influence dividend decisions and vice versa. Similarly, financing decisions positively impact investment decisions and vice versa. Moreover, dividends and corporate investments have been shown to be competing uses of funds. The results highlight the sensitivity of all three financial decisions to internal cash flows. Additionally, leverage and internally generated cash flows are identified as alternative sources of funds, while investment and dividend decisions are constrained by both internal funds and external debt. These findings align with the flow of funds approach and provide valuable insights for corporate managers and investors to understand the dynamics of financial choices in non-financial firms. This study contributes to the literature by filling a gap in knowledge regarding the interactions among financing, dividends, and investment decisions in emerging markets.