bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civic Religion after Trent: Confraternities and Medici State Building in Early Modern Livorno
Authors: Terpstra Nicholas
Published: November 2024

When building the new city of Livorno, the Medici were concerned as much with social and religious life as with buildings, walls, and warehouses. They drew on traditional civic religious forms, and above all confraternities, in order to advance Catholic worship while also seeking to limit Roman intervention and maintain sufficient local agency so as to allow some degree of Jewish, Muslim, and Orthodox worship in the city. We can distinguish three groups of brotherhoods by origin and function in the first century of Livorno’s expansion from the late sixteenth to the late seventeenth centuries: i) Older and existing confraternities that had gathered the local fishermen and the earliest settlers until about 1590; ii) Confraternities founded between the 1590s and the 1630s, often with direct Medici or more general Florentine influence, and focused on meeting cultic and charitable needs; and iii) Confraternities established from the 1630s to the 1670s to fulfill these needs while also organizing activities that responded to challenges and opportunities of Livorno’s particular location. Florentine civic religious models allowed the Medici to build a vibrant Catholic social framework in Livorno while keeping Tridentine ecclesiastical forces at bay, at least until the coming of the more traditionally pious Grand Duke Cosimo III in 1670.
Kärntner Baurecht
Authors: Steinwender Robert
Published: November 2024

Die Brücke zur Praxis: Kärntner Baurecht umfassend erläutert

Die 2. Auflage des Kommentars zum Kärntner Baurecht bietet eine fundierte und praxisnahe Erläuterung der Kärntner Bauordnung 1996. Mit einer umfassenden Kommentierung und Verweisen auf über 1500 Judikate, darunter Entscheidungen des LVwG Kärnten, sowie über 300 relevante Werke aus der Fachliteratur, dient dieser Kommentar als essentielle Ressource für die Anwendung und Vertiefung des Kärntner Baurechts. Erleichtert wird die Nutzung durch ein detailliertes Rechtsprechungsverzeichnis, das Aufschluss darüber gibt, zu welchen Landesbauordnungen die Urteile ergangen sind, ein Rechtsquellenverzeichnis und ein umfangreiches Stichwortverzeichnis.

Neben den Erläuterungen zu weiteren bau- und raumordnungsrechtlichen Gesetzen, von denen einige bisher unveröffentlichte Erläuterungen enthalten, integriert das Werk die OIB-Richtlinien 2019, die gemäß der Kärntner Bautechnikverordnung 2019 zur Anwendung kommen.

Darüber hinaus besticht das Buch durch seinen wissenschaftlichen Ansatz, indem es Position zu noch offenen Fragen der Kärntner Bauordnung 1996 bezieht. Dies macht das Werk zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug für Fachleute, die sich mit dem Baurecht in Kärnten auseinandersetzen, und einer unerlässlichen Lektüre für die juristische Praxis sowie die wissenschaftliche Forschung.
A Healthy Lifestyle for the Caregiver
Authors: Ahmed Dilruba
Published: November 2024

Abstract not available
J Med Coll Women Hosp.2024; 20 (1):10-15
Without Prescription Anti Biotic Drugs Dispensed in Dhaka City
Authors: Sultana Nusrat , Parvin Roksana , Shamsuddoha Nazla , Ahmad Rahnuma , Jahan Israt
Published: November 2024

Background: Low income and high out-of- pocket drug costs both play an important role in medication restriction, consistent with basic economic principles. Such situation may lead to patient failing to complete the required treatment regimen or patients performing self -medication without consulting any physician, leading to, in case of antibiotic therapy , antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is important to monitor the dispensing of medication in pharmacies and to observe whether drugs are being sold without prescription. Aim: To survey the age group of patients, number of antibiotics sold without prescription by the local pharmacies and the cost borne by the patients in case of the antibiotic drugs used in Uttara, Dhaka. Materials and method: This cross-sectional survey was carried out between January 2017 to June 2017 in 3 big pharmacies in Uttara. In this study 10 selling time points were randomly selected to note the age groups of patients making antibiotic purchases without prescription at these pharmacies , quantity of antibiotics dispensed and the price paid by these buyers in the selected time points. Results: The number of antibiotics bought without prescription from each shop per time point ranged between 5 to 15. According to the age categories, the number range of antibiotics bought by patients in age group of 10-18 years and19-24 years was 10-15. Those patients in the age groups of 25-32 years and more than 55 years obtained 6 to 15 number of antibiotic drugs. The range of number of antibiotics attained by patients in the age groups of 33-42 years and 43-55 years was 5-15.These values were statistically significant (p<0.01). The average number of antibiotic drug obtained by patients in the 6 age groups ranged between 36 to 59 pieces and the findings were statistically significant (p <0.01) in all age groups. The average expenditure of antibiotic drug for the age groups ranged between Taka 841 (in more than 55 years age group) and Taka 1714 (in 10-18 years age group) and the outcome were statistically significant (p <0.01) in all age groups. Finally statistically significant (p <0.01) association was observed between the age groups of patients with the quantity and costing of the antibiotic bought by each age group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggests that a large portion of the country’s population has access to drugs including antibiotics without the need for any prescription. A scenario as such may rapidly lead to antibiotic resistance. This study may help in promoting initiatives to control antibiotic usage without prescription and halt progress to antibiotic resistance.
J Med Coll Women Hosp. 2024; 20 (1): 40-49
Viral infections in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ahmad Fidalillah Ansary Eusha , Khanam Chowdhury Jubaida , Azim Muhammed Arshad Ul , Kader Md Abdul
Published: November 2024

After transplantation, viruses are one of the most frequent sources of opportunistic infections. The particular virus encountered, the degree of immune suppression applied to avoid graft rejection, and other host characteristics influencing susceptibility all influence the likelihood of contracting a virus. Following kidney transplantation, infectious challenges have been identified as a primary source of mortality and morbidity. In order to prevent such outcome of recipient of kidney transplant, it is necessary to detect infection early and provide appropriate treatment in time. Amongst all possible infectious complications, the most common is considered to be viral infection owing to their prevalence, ability of latency and infectivity. The frequently identified virus as agents that may cause infection in case of recipients of kidney transplantation throughout the world are varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, polyoma virus and hepatitis B. The distribution of these viruses is widespread worldwide  . These microorganisms can reactivate , as these are DNA viruses, when immunosuppressive medications are given to afflicted patients. Particularly during the first six months following transplantation, these DNA viruses can result in systemic illnesses or allograft malfunction. Pretransplant evaluation, immunization, adequate prophylaxis, and preventive measures following transplant can be adopted as effective means of reducing the frequency of these viral infections. The genesis, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and management of viral infections that frequently afflict kidney transplant recipients will be covered in this review.
J Med Coll Women Hosp.2024;20(1): 81-90
De novo malignancies after kidney transplantation
Authors: Rosso Giuseppina , Salvadori Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Cancer is the second cause of death in kidney transplant patients in most Western countries. The excess risk of cancer after kidney transplantation is two to three times higher than in the age and sex matched general population. Once cancer develops, the outcome is generally poor, particularly for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.A multidisciplinary approach for screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic disease after kidney transplantation is necessary.
Массогабаритная модель электромобиля для отработки навыков ликвидации последствий дорожно-транспортных происшествий
Authors: Полевода Иван Иванович , Кобяк Валерий Викторович , Линник Дмитрий Александрович , Опекун Елена Владимировна , Пивоваров Александр Вадимович , Бузук Александр Вячеславович , Коробочка Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: November 2024

Цель. Создать массогабаритную модель (далее – МГМ) на базе существующего электромобиля для отработки действий спасателей-пожарных по ликвидации последствий дорожно-транспортных происшествий и пожаров с участием легкового автомобильного транспорта с электроприводом (далее – электромобили).
Методы. Теоретический анализ, моделирование.
Результаты. Описаны конструктивные требования, предъявляемые к МГМ. Разработана и изготовлена МГМ, имитирующая основные модули наиболее популярных электромобилей. Представлен алгоритм проведения практических занятий по отработке действий по деблокированию пострадавших из салона электромобиля и тушению пожара.
Область применения исследований. Разработанная МГМ может использоваться в образовательном процессе при подготовке специалистов по образовательным стандартам специальностей 6-05-1033-01 (1-94 01 01) «Предупреждение и ликвидация чрезвычайных ситуаций», а также при переподготовке руководящих работников и специалистов, имеющих высшее образование, профессиональной подготовке рабочих (служащих) по профессии спасатель-пожарный, организации курсов повышения квалификации по программе «Аварийно-спасательные работы на транспорте».
Влияние рецептурного состава металлофосфатных огнезамедлительных систем и модифицирующих добавок на устойчивость огнезащитной отделки полиэфирных тканей к гидролизной обработке
Authors: Богданова Валентина Владимировна , Кобец Ольга Игоревна , Рева Ольга Владимировна
Published: November 2024

Цель. Разработка рецептурного состава металлофосфатных огнезамедлительных систем (ОЗС) в виде устойчивых коллоидосодержащих растворов и исследование влияния модифицирующих добавок на устойчивость огнезащитной отделки полиэфирных тканей к гидролизной обработке (стирке).
Методы. Золь-гель метод синтеза металлофосфатных ОЗС, лабораторные и стандартные методики огнезащитной отделки, гидролизной обработки и огневых испытаний образцов полиэфирных тканых материалов, просвечивающая электронная микроскопия, комплексный термический анализ (дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия – ДСК и термогравиметрия – ТГ).
Результаты. Золь-гель методом получены ОЗС на основе металлофосфатных кислых концентрированных растворов (связок). Определены условия синтеза – природа и соотношения основных компонентов Ме-фосфатных связок (Ме – Ca, Sn, Al, Zn или Ba), концентрация нейтрализующих агентов (NaHCO3 или NH3·H2O) и модификаторов (полиакриламид (ПАА), коллоидный раствор SnCl2, гексаметилентетрамин (ГМТА), NH4Cl, карбамид (КМ)), кислотность среды, позволяющие получить ОЗС в виде агрегативно устойчивых растворов. Показано, что достижение стойкого к гидролизной обработке огнезащитного эффекта обусловлено прочным закреплением на ткани замедлителей горения на основе Са-фосфатной связки в присутствии отобранных модифицирующих добавок – диспергирующей и/или медиативной (ПАА и/или водный коллоидный раствор SnCl2). Лучшему закреплению эффективных модифицированных ОЗС способствует наличие в их растворах нанодисперсных (10–20 нм) соединений кальция и олова. Стойкость к гидролизной обработке огнезащитной отделки подтверждена данными ДСК и ТГ: для огнезащищенной модифицированным составом ткани (как после гидролизной обработки, так и без нее) снижается суммарное тепловыделение (до 1,5 раз) с одновременным уменьшением общей потери массы образцов по сравнению с исходным полиэфирным тканым материалом.
Область применения исследований. Экспериментальные данные могут быть использованы для придания устойчивой к гидролизной обработке огнезащитной отделки полиэфирным тканым материалам низкой плотности. Полученные результаты позволяют определить пути регулирования эффективности известных и разрабатываемых новых фосфатных ОЗС для устойчивой к стиркам огнезащитной отделки полиэфирных тканей.
Регрессионная модель прогнозирования коэффициента растекания пленкообразующих огнетушащих составов по поверхности горючей жидкости от соотношения их компонентов
Authors: Иванов Игорь Юрьевич , Навроцкий Олег Дмитриевич , Лихоманов Алексей Олегович , Журов Марк Михайлович
Published: November 2024

Цель. Разработка регрессионной модели с помощью метода полного факторного эксперимента для исследования влияния массовой доли компонентов в растворе водного пленкообразующего огнетушащего состава на коэффициент растекания водной пленки по поверхности горючей жидкости и проведение оптимизации содержания компонентов состава для получения максимального коэффициента растекания.
Методы. В работе применены эмпирические методы исследования (измерение поверхностного и межфазного натяжения растворов), метод рандомизации и полного факторного эксперимента для получения регрессионной модели, а также модуль «Профили желательности» программного пакета STATISTICA. Определение поверхностного и межфазного натяжений растворов поверхностно-активных веществ в водных системах проводили методом отрыва кольца Дю Нуи на автоматическом тензиометре KRÜSS - К20.
Результаты. Представлены результаты полного факторного эксперимента, на основании которого получена регрессионная модель, описывающая изменение значения коэффициента растекания водной пленки пленкообразующих огнетушащих составов по поверхности горючей жидкости в зависимости от соотношения их компонентов. В ходе анализа полного факторного эксперимента определены значимые и незначимые факторы, а также проведено ранжирование значимых факторов по степени их влияния на коэффициент растекания водного пленкообразующего огнетушащего состава по поверхности горючей жидкости. Проведена оптимизация процентного соотношения компонентов состава для получения коэффициента растекания со значением 3,3 мН/м.
Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке рецептуры пленкообразующих огнетушащих составов для тушения пожаров.
Оценка уровня сформированности компетенций по оказанию первой помощи у руководителей и работников органов и организаций
Authors: Маршалко Ольга Владимировна , Панасевич Валерий Александрович , Цинкевич Ольга Ивановна
Published: November 2024

Цель. Изучение уровня сформированности компетенций по оказанию первой помощи у руководителей и работников органов и организаций.
Методы. Пилотажное исследование «Оценка уровня сформированности компетенций по оказанию первой помощи у руководителей и работников органов и организаций» (далее – пилотажное исследование) с использованием социологического метода онлайн-опроса Computer Assisted WEB Interviewing (CAWI) и последующим анализом результатов с применением Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Результаты. Результаты пилотажного исследования показали, что слушатели государственного учреждения образования «Университет гражданской защиты Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Беларусь», обучающиеся по образовательной программе повышения квалификации в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера, выразили активную заинтересованность в обучении методам оказания первой помощи. Среди препятствий по оказанию первой помощи респонденты отметили недостаточный уровень подготовки по первой помощи (27,3 %) и боязнь неправильного оказания первой помощи (25,9 %). Респонденты, заявляющие о знании всех методов оказания первой помощи (36,8 %), чаще получали информацию благодаря прохождению специализированных курсов. Анализ уровня сформированности компетенций по оказанию первой помощи при состояниях, представляющих угрозу для жизни и (или) здоровья человека, показал, что алгоритм проведения сердечно-легочной реанимации является проблемной областью даже на уровне знаний.
Область применения исследований. Результаты пилотажного исследования будут использованы при проведении полномасштабного социологического исследования, направленного на совершенствование принципов, подходов, средств обучения и методик преподавания медицинской защиты населения слушателям Государственного учреждения образования «Университет гражданской защиты Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Беларусь».
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK (KTR) DI RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK
Authors: Ridhayati Himmah , Karyus Aila , Setiaji Bambang , Pramudho Kodrat , Adyas Atikah
Published: November 2024

RSIA Puri Betik Hati merupakan rumah sakit khusus yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi ibu dan anak, sebagian besar pasien dan pengunjung didominasi oleh ibu, bayi dan anak-anak dimana lingkungan rumah sakit harus sehat bebas dari asap rokok. RSIA Puri Betik Hati sudah mengimplementasikan kebijakan larangan merokok melalui keputusan Direktur RSIA Puri Betik Hati Nomor 148/SK/DIR/RSIA-PBH/VIII/2020. Meskipun demikian, dalam proses monitoring masih ditemukan puntung rokok diarea rumah sakit hal ini menunjukkan masih ada yang merokok di area rumah sakit tanpa diketahui oleh petugas dan perlu dilakukan kajian mendalam mengenai bagaimana implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di RSIA Puri Betik Hati dan faktor-faktor apa saya yang menjadi penghambat dan keberhasilan suatu kebijakan.
Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam mendapatkan data penelitian peneliti menggunkan Teknik wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa rokok di RSIA Puri Betik Hati. Informan dalam penelitian diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling berjumlah 8 orang analisis data menggunakan metode triangulasi.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan suatu kebijakan menurut teori George Edward III dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa implementasi sudah berjalan namun ada beberapa hal dalam pelaksanaanya belum maksimal yaitu dari faktor komunikasi internal masih belum sepenuhnya optimal karena beberapa staf belum memahami tentang aturan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok tersebut. Dari faktor sumber daya kurang maksimalnya dalam pengawasan hal tersebut disebabkan keterbatasan jumlah personil yang diberikan tanggung jawab dalam melakukan pengawasan. Dari aspek disposisi belum ada struktur khusus untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan sedangkan dari aspek struktur birokrasi belum ada alur pelaksanaan kebijakan berupa SOP.
Influence of Hypoxia on the Airway Epithelium
Authors: Procházková K , Uhlík J
Published: November 2024

The necessity of oxygen for metabolic processes means that hypoxia can lead to serious cell and tissue damage. On the other hand, in some situations, hypoxia occurs under physiological conditions and serves as an important regulation factor. The airway epithelium is specific in that it gains oxygen not only from the blood supply but also directly from the luminal air. Many respiratory diseases are associated with airway obstruction or excessive mucus production thus leading to luminal hypoxia. The main goal of this review is to point out how the airway epithelium reacts to hypoxic conditions. Cells detect low oxygen levels using molecular mechanisms involving hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In addition, the cells of the airway epithelium appear to overexpress HIFs in hypoxic conditions. HIFs then regulate many aspects of epithelial cell functions. The effects of hypoxia include secretory cell stimulation and hyperplasia, epithelial barrier changes, and ciliogenesis impairment. All the changes can impair mucociliary clearance, exacerbate infection, and promote inflammation leading to damage of airway epithelium and subsequent airway wall remodeling. The modulation of hypoxia regulatory mechanisms may be one of the strategies for the treatment of obstructive respiratory diseases or diseases with mucus hyperproduction.
ФЕНОМЕН АВТОЦИТУВАННЯ В МУЗИЦІ ФРАНЦА ШУБЕРТА: ВІД ПІСЕНЬ ДО ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ТВОРІВ
Authors: АНТОНОВА ОЛЕНА , ЧЕБОТАР ОЛЕКСАНДРА
Published: November 2024

Розглянуто інструментальні твори Ф. Шуберта, у яких тематичнуоснову становить музичний матеріал його пісень, написаних раніше.Актуальність теми статті зумовлена необхідністю охарактеризуватиприйом повторного використання у творах композиторів-романтиківвласного музичного матеріалу.
ЦИТУВАННЯ ЯК КУЛЬТУРНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ В МУЗИЧНОМУ ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМІ
Authors: КАБЛОВА ТЕТЯНА
Published: November 2024

У сучасній музиці використання цитат та обробка музичних об'єктівє важливими для взаємодії з аудиторією і трансформації культурноїпам'яті. Розглянуто прояви постмодернізму в музиці із застосуванняманалітичних, історичних, культурологічних та дискурсивних методів.
‘The first writer who gave cadence to English prose’: finding the readers and reputation of Sir William Temple
Authors: Baxter Jacob
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it summarises the life and writing of the English diplomat Sir William Temple (1628–99). In a literary career that was strongly influenced by his life in politics, Temple wrote an array of different books, which sold well in Britain and Continental Europe. Second, it outlines the various ways through which we can identify the owners and readers of his works. In doing so, this article demonstrates the prominent reputation that William Temple once enjoyed.
Out of Print: E-Books and Flea Markets in Literary Studies
Authors: Ferrari Anna
Published: November 2024

The analysis revolves around late twentieth-Century out-of-print books. While the expectation of availability that comes from digitized texts influences how we approach literature, these texts would be impossible to find without second-hand bookstores and flea markets. By focusing on underground queer New York works as a case study, we will see how a recovery of these texts and the dynamics that surrounds it provide an interesting perspective on the relationship between print and digital books, small and mainstream publishing, and the implications of this natural v. digital selection when it comes to canonicity, and their consequences for scholarly work.
Page Loading in Process: Digital Representations of Page Turning and the Future History of the Book
Authors: Milberger Kurt
Published: November 2024

When paper books are finally finished, future book historians will struggle to comprehend the many ways we’ve invented to replicate the feel of turning pages in digital space. The crisp flip of paper has transformed into the wave of a thumb across a synthetic page, the pressed button, or the clicking scroll of a mouse wheel. Since the advent of e-reading, developers have labored to animate the look, feel, and aura of rippling paper, but the book’s image and materiality continue to frustrate epubs, PDFs, and other digital formats. This article engages book historians and media theorists to explore the technological history of replicating the aesthetics of books and the experience of reading them in digital space. Considering the shifting affordances of digital reading, it argues that the commitment to bookish aesthetics has so far hindered digital text delivery and reproduction and suggests that the future of digital reading depends on abandoning the book.
Editoriale
Authors: Albano Giovannina , Sbaragli Silvia
Published: November 2024

Questo sedicesimo numero della rivista Didattica della matematica. Dalla ricerca alle pratiche d’aula è un numero speciale, in quanto i suoi contributi sono focalizzati su un tema specifico. È la seconda volta che il comitato redazionale e scientifico decide di fare una scelta di questo tipo: la prima occasione si è presentata nel 2021, quando si è dedicato il numero 9 della rivista al tema del rapporto fra matematica e lingua italiana, un’unione tra due discipline considerate solitamente agli antipodi; questa volta, invece, la rivista ha deciso di trattare da diversi punti di vista il rapporto tra l’insegnamento-apprendimento della matematica e lo storytelling, un rapporto non così distante da quello trattato nel numero speciale precedente. Continua a leggere...
Lo storytelling, la sinergia di artefatti e il gioco per costruire il senso di numero naturale
Authors: Fiorentino Michele Giuliano , Montone Antonella , Ricciardiello Giuditta
Published: November 2024

L’esperienza didattica sperimentale qui presentata è stata progettata sulla base della teoria della mediazione semiotica e dello storytelling. Realizzata in una classe di prima primaria, essa ha avuto come obiettivo la costruzione del senso di numero naturale e la linea dei numeri, attraverso le potenzialità offerte dalla struttura narrativa delle fiabe, l’ausilio del gioco e l’utilizzo di artefatti, in una prospettiva di curricolo verticale. Attraverso la narrazione, la sinergia di tre artefatti e il gioco si è favorita la costruzione del “senso” di numero naturale nei suoi tre aspetti cardinale, ordinale e ricorsivo, favorendo negli alunni l’acquisizione degli obiettivi didattici espressi nelle Indicazioni nazionali e – in un’ottica più a lungo termine – nei traguardi per lo sviluppo delle competenze esplicitati nello stesso documento.
Lyme Disease Experience Survey 2024 – Scotland Responses Summary Posters
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Cruikshank Anne , Husain Zahra , Lawrence Nicola
Published: November 2024

Little is formally documented on the lived experience of Lyme disease - the state of diagnosis, treatment & care and the impact on the lives of those infected. Lyme Resource Centre (LRC) conducted an online survey to gather information on the impact of Lyme disease on those directly affected in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland. The survey responses from the residents of Scotland are summarised and presented here. Separating the results by country allows comparisons between them regarding awareness, diagnosis, treatment and management.
Exploring the Contribution(s) of Prosody to Ambiguity Resolution and Reading Comprehension in English as an Additional Language (EAL)
Authors: Triantafyllidou Chara , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi
Published: November 2024

There is ample evidence that prosodic cues in intonational phrase boundaries facilitate the chunking of speech in adults. Additionally, the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis proposes that these prosodic cues influence chunking in silent reading, and punctuation has indeed been shown to induce prosodic breaks that shape parsing decisions. While prosodic sensitivity has also been shown to influence children’s reading abilities, the exact interactions between implicit prosody in reading, speech prosody, and reading comprehension remain unclear, especially among bilingual children. Our aim is to disentangle these aspects of prosody and their contributions to reading outcomes among pupils who speak English as an Additional Language (EAL) in the UK – an under- researched group of bilingual children which has been shown to underperform in reading compared to monolingual peers. In accordance with past research, we are also examining vocabulary and grammar abilities. We will present a reading eye-tracking experiment – comparing EAL pupils (n = 37) to monolingual peers (n = 27) in Year 5 (9-10 years old). The experiment uses a temporary NP-Zero ambiguity, a type of ambiguity which is prosodically disambiguated in listening, and examines the prosodico-syntactic effect of commas. Pupils performed significantly worse when the stimuli were presented without a comma. There were no group effects. A significant interaction was observed between performance in the reading experiment and expressive prosodic tasks. Reading measures showed garden path effects but no significant interaction with prosodic tasks was found.
Lyme Disease Experience Survey 2024 – Republic of Ireland Responses Summary Posters
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Cruikshank Anne , Husain Zahra , Lawrence Nicola
Published: November 2024

Little is formally documented on the lived experience of Lyme disease - the state of diagnosis, treatment & care and the impact on the lives of those infected. Lyme Resource Centre (LRC) conducted an online survey to gather information on the impact of Lyme disease on those directly affected in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland. The survey responses from the residents of the Republic of Ireland are summarised and presented here. Separating the results by country allows comparisons between them regarding awareness, diagnosis, treatment and management.
Revalorisation of brewer’s spent grain for biotechnological production of hydrogen with Escherichia coli
Authors: Cabrera Gema , Jáimez José Manuel , Sánchez-Oneto Jezabel , Bolivar Jorge , Valle Antonio
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Agro-industrial wastes are generated in huge amounts triggering damages to the environment and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity for its revalorisation into high-value compounds, including biofuels. One such wastes is the brewer's spent grain (BSG), a by-product of the beer industry, which is produced in vast quantities worldwide. The rich-fibre and protein content of BSG makes this waste a valuable resource for biotechnological applications, although the main challenge of this approach is to make the carbohydrates and proteins available for bacterial metabolisation into high-value products. This work aims to optimise a thermal-hydrolysis process to revalorise BSG by bacterial conversion into hydrogen (H2), as a clean energy that can replace fossil fuels.

Methods

A 2k full factorial design method was employed hydrolysation of BSG and showed that temperature and acid concentration are significant factors that affect the extraction of reducing sugars (RS) and proteins. Subsequently, steepest ascent and central composite design (CCD) statistical methods were applied to determine the optimal conditions for hydrolysis.

Results

The optimised hydrolysis condition were 0.047 M H2SO4, 150°C, 30 min and 15% BSG, leading to the theoretical concentrations of 54.8 g RS/L and 20 g/L proteins. However, 5'-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was generated in thermal-hydrolysis conditions at higher temperatures exceeding 132°C. Therefore, a screening of HBSGs fermentation using Escherichia coli was conducted in order to identify the most suitable conditions for maximizing H2, as well as the production of volatile fatty acids (succinate and acetate) and ethanol. Among the tested conditions, HBSG A17 (117°C, 20 min, and 0.1 M H2SO4) yielded the highest H2 production of 48 mmol/L in this work.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the optimisation of BSG pre-treatment for biotechnological applications, which may help in the selection of the most appropriate hydrolysis conditions based on the desired end product.
Leveraging environmental microbial indicators in wastewater for data-driven disease diagnostics
Authors: Gogoi Gayatri , Singh Sarangthem Dinamani , Koch Devpratim , Kalyan Emon , Boro Rashmi Rani , Devi Aradhana , Mahanta Hridoy Jyoti , Bharali Pankaj
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is an emerging tool for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2, in community settings. Environmental factors, including water quality parameters and seasonal variations, may influence the prevalence of viral particles in wastewater. This study aims to explore the relationships between these factors and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 across 28 monitoring sites, spanning different seasons and water strata.

Methods

Samples were collected from 28 sites, accounting for seasonal and spatial (surface and intermediate water layers) variations. Key physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and minerals were measured, and viral presence was detected using RT-qPCR. After data preprocessing, correlation analyses identified 19 relevant environmental parameters. Unsupervised learning algorithms, including K-means and K-medoid clustering, were employed to categorize the data into four distinct clusters, revealing patterns of viral positivity and environmental conditions.

Results

Cluster analysis indicated that seasonal variations and water quality characteristics significantly influenced SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates. The four clusters demonstrated distinct associations between environmental factors and viral prevalence, with certain clusters correlating with higher viral loads in specific seasons. The clustering patterns varied across sample sites, reflecting the diverse environmental conditions and their influence on viral detection.

Discussion

The findings underscore the critical role of environmental factors, such as water quality and seasonality, in shaping the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in wastewater. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between environmental contexts and disease spread. By utilizing WBS and advanced data analysis techniques, this study offers a robust framework for future research aimed at enhancing public health surveillance and interventions.
Computational modeling of cyclotides as antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae PorB porin protein: integration of docking, immune, and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hussain Muzamal , Kanwal Nazia , Jahangir Alishba , Ali Nouman , Hanif Nimra , Ullah Obaid
Published: November 2024

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium responsible for gonorrhoea, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 82.4 million new cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Current treatments rely on antibiotics, but the emergence of multi drug resistance (MDR) strains poses a significant threat to public health. This research aims to use computational modeling of cyclotides as antimicrobial agents targeting the Neisseria gonorrhoeae PorB Porin protein to inhibit its pathogenicity.

Methodology

The PorB Porin protein was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 4AUI), cleaned, and visualized using Discovery Visual Studio. Physicochemical properties were predicted using ProtParam. Cyclotides were obtained from the CyBase database, with 3D models generated and refined via the Swiss Model for docking studies. HDOCK was used for molecular docking. Toxicity and allergenicity predictions were performed with ToxinPred and AlgPred. A heatmap of the peptide was created using Protein-Sol. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for 100,000 picoseconds using Desmond from Schrödinger LLC, while binding energy was analyzed using MMGBSA. Immune response simulations were done with C-ImmSim 10.1, and peptide simulation in water was performed via WebGro.

Results

The protein’s GRAVY value is −0.539, indicating moderate hydrophilicity, and its isoelectric point is 9.14, suggesting a fundamental nature. Globa D had the highest docking score (−270.04 kcal/mol) and was deemed non-toxic and non-allergenic. MD simulations showed stable protein-ligand interactions, and MMGBSA revealed a low binding energy of −36.737 kcal/mol. Immune simulations indicated an effective immune response and peptide simulations demonstrated Globa D’s stability in water, making it a potential candidate for pharmaceutical applications.

Conclusion

Globa D proved the best drug candidate against Neisseria gonorrhoeae by inhibiting PorB Porin protein chain A. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.
Synthesis, characterization and irritant effects of nonivamide irritant riot control agent based on ionic liquids
Authors: Ma Weiting , Wang Hongying , Wang Zhenxiong , Chen Dong , Yuan Ling , Qin Liang , Mei Zongshu
Published: November 2024

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-Ionic liquids (API-ILs) can increase drug solubility and bioavailability of solid drugs without changing the structure of drug molecules. In the present work, nonivamide (pelargonic acid vanillylamide, PAVA) was used as the active drug and choline (Ch) and citric acid (CA) were selected as the ions to prepare PAVA–based ionic liquid ([Ch][PAVA] and [PAVA]3 [CA]), respectively. The characterization and physical properties of [Ch][PAVA] and [PAVA]3 [CA], such as FT–IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, thermal stability and hydrophilicity, were investigated. And the irritant effects of the PAVA–based ionic liquids were measured by the animal irritation experiment. [Ch][PAVA] has higher decomposition temperatures, better hydrophilicity and comparable irritant effects. The results show that the PAVA–based ILs synthesized in this study may potentially serve as a promising novel riot control agent.
Summary of the best evidence for risk stratification of exercise rehabilitation in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device
Authors: Di Ruiqing , Huang Zheng , Huang Huifang , Li Siyu , Gao Xing , Bai Jingshuang
Published: November 2024

Background

Hierarchical management of sports risk is highly critical to ensure the safety of sports rehabilitation. Early identification, timely prevention and control of sports-related risk factors, and enhanced supervision and guidance can provide a basis for the formulation of sports programmes and the setting of sports monitoring levels.

Objective

This study aimed to retrieve, evaluate, and integrate evidence for the stratified management of motor risk in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED).

Methods

We searched for evidence according to the “6S” model of evidence-based resources. CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Iibrary, CINAHL, EMbase, Web of Science, BMJ Best Practice, Up To Date, and International Guidelines Collaboration Network were searched from inception to February 2024. To search for evidence on stratified management of motor risk in patients with CIEDs, this research includes guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, expert consensus, clinical decision-making, and randomized controlled trials. After methodological quality evaluation, the evidence was extracted and summarized accordingly.

Results

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 pieces of evidence were screened, including 5 guidelines, 1 clinical decision-making, 5 systematic reviews, 4 expert consensus, and 1 randomized controlled trial. After reading, extracting, and categorizing, 34 pieces of evidence in 4 areas were identified, namely, screening and assessment of exercise risk in CIEDs, exercise monitoring, implementation of exercise prescriptions, and prevention and management of exercise-related risks.

Conclusions

This study provides the best evidence for the prevention and management of exercise risk in patients with CIEDs, clarifies the role of nurses in evaluating, monitoring, and educating patients undergoing motor rehabilitation, and provides a basis for the formulation of clinically feasible rehabilitation programs.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier (CRD2024509622).
Genetics architecture of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in an Italian cohort
Authors: Casula Marta , Marchetti Daniela , Trevisan Lucia , Pezzoli Laura , Bellini Matteo , Patrone Serena , Zingarelli Antonio , Gotta Fabio , Iascone Maria , Mandich Paola
Published: November 2024

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relevant non-atherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome with a complex genetic architecture. Recent discoveries have highlighted the potential role of miRNAs and protein-coding genes involved in the processing of small RNAs in the pathogenesis of SCAD. Furthermore, there may be a connection between SCAD and the increased cardiovascular risk observed in fragile X premutation carriers as well as a correlation with pathogenetic variants in genes encoding for collagen and extracellular matrix, which are related to connective tissue disorders (CTDs). In our cohort of 15 Italian SCAD patients, a total of 37 rare variants were identified in 34 genes using whole exome sequencing (WES) and TRIO-WES analysis when both parents were available. Three likely pathogenic/pathogenetic variants were found in genes previously associated with SCAD and CTDs (COL3A1, COL1A2, and SMAD3) and 26 variants of uncertain significance in genes previously associated with SCAD and CTDs. TRIO-WES analysis revealed 7 de novo variants, 1 of which was found in a potential novel candidate gene (DROSHA). In addition, a premutation allele of 55 ± 2 CGG repeats in the promoter of the FMR1 gene was identified in two related SCAD patients by test for CGG-repeat expansions in the 5′-UTR of the FMR1 gene. Our findings suggest various potential mechanisms such as mRNA toxicity, miRNA regulation, alteration of collagen, and the extracellular matrix architecture, all of which could disrupt vascular homeostasis, and finally, WES and TRIO-WES have proven to be the most powerful approaches for characterizing the genetic background of SCAD.
Evaluating knowledge and awareness of 3D design and printing among dental students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alamri Hamdan , Alshammari Falah R. , Bin Rahmah Abdullah , Alsaif Mohammed I. , Almutairi Farah , Alolaywi Hissah , Altariqi Aroub , Alotaibi Sarah , Almutairi Rahaf , Almadhoon Hossam , AlMoharib Hani S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

As 3D design and printing technology gains popularity, there remains limited evidence on dental students' perceptions in Saudi Arabia regarding its use. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental students in Saudi Arabia about 3D design and printing technology.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among dental students in their third, fourth, and fifth years at multiple universities in Saudi Arabia between February and October 2023. A validated self-administered questionnaire with 15 close-ended items, including demographic and knowledge-related questions about 3D design and printing, was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests to identify factors associated with knowledge and awareness levels.

Results

A total of 374 dental students participated in the study, with 63.1% being female students. Of the participants, 40.4% identified the cost of equipment as the primary barrier to 3D printing usage in dentistry in Saudi Arabia. The majority (94.4%) recognized the advantages of 3D models for implant placement. Awareness of 3D printing utilization in the field was reported by 69.3% of participants, and 74.3% acknowledged its increasing popularity. Furthermore, 73.8% of participants expressed confidence in the biocompatibility and safety of 3D printed materials. A significant percentage (64.0%) were aware of 3D printing's role in creating Invisalign aligners, and 42.4% believed in the value of 3D printed drill guides for root canal treatment. The study found statistically significant regional differences (p < 0.05) across all questions. Participants primarily relied on colleges (64.8%) as their source of information, and a high proportion (82.4%) expressed interest in further exploring the usage of 3D printing in dentistry.

Conclusion

Our study found that students' knowledge and awareness in Saudi Arabia are generally satisfactory. Integrating 3D printing into dental curricula and providing workshops is crucial to meet dental students' interest in exploring its usage and equipping them for its future implementation.
Subjective theories of the Chilean teachers’ union about school climate and violence after the pandemic: a study of web news
Authors: Castro-Carrasco Pablo , Cuadra-Martínez David , Gubbins Verónica , Rodríguez-Pastene-Vicencio Fabiana , Carrasco-Aguilar Claudia , Caamaño-Vega Vladimir , Zelaya Martina
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic increased school violence and worsened the school climate in Chile. In Chile, punitive control policies such as the Safe Class Law (Ley Aula Segura) have been adopted. A key actor in the public debate is the Chilean Teachers’ Union, due to its potential impact on new public policies on the issue.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to reconstruct the subjective theories of school violence and school climate presented by the Chilean Teachers’ Union after the COVID-19 pandemic, in its public discourse broadcast on the web news.

Methods

Based on a documentary study, a case study design and qualitative methodology, embedded in the FONDECYT project No. 1231667, titled “The social construction in Chile of school climate and school violence after the return to face-to-face education,” web news (N = 36) were analyzed in which the Chilean Teachers’ Union explains school violence and school climate after the pandemic.

Results

We found subjective theories that explain the meaning of school violence and school climate, and external factors associated with the serious deterioration of these educational dimensions after the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we obtained a set of measures such as inclusive policies, curriculum, participation in the development of educational policies, and refunding public education that teachers propose to solve these phenomena in the future.

Discussion

In the context of a union that has historically considered public policies to be non-participative in their formulation and distant from the schools’ reality, these findings have important implications for understanding the arguments of the Teachers’ Union about the need to improve mental health and working conditions as crucial elements for addressing school climate and school violence.
Altered metabolic profiles of dermatomyositis with different myositis-specific autoantibodies associated with clinical phenotype
Authors: Wang Nan , Shang Lili , Liang Zhaojun , Feng Min , Wang Yanlin , Gao Chong , Luo Jing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Because of clinical heterogeneity, the metabolite profile of DM patients with different myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the metabolomics characteristics of the serum in DM with different MSAs, low or high disease activity, and interstitial lung disease.

Methods

Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed in the serum of a discovery cohort (n=96) and a validation cohort (n=40), consisting of DM patients with MSAs, low or high disease activity, and/or interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD) compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Results

The lipid profile in DM was found to be abnormal, especially dysregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, which might affect the pathogenesis of DM by disrupting the balance of Th17 and Treg. We identified potential biomarkers of DM that can distinguish between low or high disease activity and reflect lung involvement. Two metabolite combinations including pro-leu, FA 14:0;O can distinguish high disease activity DM from low disease activity DM and HCs, and five including indole-3-lactic acid, dihydrosphingosine, SM 32:1;O2, NAE 17:1, and cholic acid can distinguish DM-ILD from DM without ILD (DM-nonILD). DM with different MSAs had unique metabolic characteristics, which can distinguish between MDA5+DM, Jo-1+DM, and TIF1-γ+DM, and from the antibody-negative groups. The sphingosine metabolism has been found to play an important role in MDA5+DM, which was associated with the occurrence of ILD.

Discussion

Altered metabolic profiles of dermatomyositis were associated with different myositisspecific autoantibodies, disease activity, and interstitial lung disease, which can help in the early diagnosis, prognosis, or selection of new therapeutic targets for DM.