bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Engineering of Sexual Sterility in Shade Trees
Authors: Brunner Amy , Mohamed Rozi , Meilan Richard , Sheppard Lorraine , Rottman William , Strauss Steven
Published: March 2022

Shade trees unable to produce floral tissues, or that produce only nonreproductive floral organs such as petals, are desirable for a number of reasons. They can reduce the need to clean flower and fruit litter, eliminate hazards from large and fleshy fruits on walks, and lessen allergenic pollen production. Research in herbaceous species has established that introduction of gene constructs created by recombinant DNA technology provides an effective means to manipulate flowers without deleterious effects on vegetative growth. Though not yet demonstrated in trees, this approach will likely be successful in both angiosperms and gymnosperms because genes that control reproductive development are similar in sequence and function among diverse plant species. Key to the practical application of genetically engineered sterility to shade trees, however, is the development of efficient gene transfer and vegetative propagation systems to deliver engineered, sterile trees to the marketplace; these systems are in place for a limited number of species. We discuss the rationale for sexual sterility in arboriculture, methods for genetic engineering of sterility, our progress in engineering sterility in poplars, and the current status of transformation and propagation methods for some common shade tree genera.
Evaluation of the Planning, Implementing, and Monitoring of the Urban Forest in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Meunier Isabelle , Aleixo da Silva José , Maria dos Santos Crueza
Published: March 2022

Techniques for planning, implementing, and monitoring urban forest management in the Municipal Department of Recife, Brazil, were analyzed. During two months in 1996, planting and pruning programs were also evaluated. We observed an absence of planning and a failure to employ technical approaches in species selection, installation, and pruning. We identified such problems as planting trees of medium size under power lines, use of saplings of poor form, insufficient space for the growth of the trees, lack of fertilization and other cultural treatments, inadequate pruning, and inefficient systems for follow-up monitoring and evaluation. An urban forest management plan was recommended to the city.
Assessment of Fracture Moment and Fracture Angle in 25 Tree Species in the United States Using the Fractometer
Authors: Matheny Nelda , Clark James , Attewell Donna , Hillery Kevin , Graham A. William , Posner Gerald
Published: March 2022

The fracture moment and fracture angle of core samples from the lower trunk of 25 tree species were evaluated using the Fractometer, a device developed at the Nuclear Research Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany. In 6 additional species, core segments broke upon initial loading in the Fractometer and values could not be obtained. Fracture moments and angles were recorded for trees located in California, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. Results varied by species, core segment, and location of tree. Application of the Fractometer to tree hazard evaluation procedures is discussed.
Design and Performance Analysis of Double Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator
Authors: Setyawan Eko Yohanes , Soleh Choirul , Krismanto Awan Uji , Sujana I Wayan , Djiwo Soeparno , Prihatmi Tutut Nani
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a new permanent magnet generator structure was proposed in order to facilitate the implementation of the permanent magnet generator on small-scale renewable energy-based power generators. Detail characteristics of a double axial flux permanent magnet generator were analyzed. The proposed generator structure consisted of 2-sided rotors equipped with slots for placing permanent magnets. The stator side comprised 3 groups of coreless winding for realizing 3-phase output. Performances of the axial flux double permanent magnet generator were observed involving the output voltage, currents, and power. Two experimental scenarios have been tested to monitor the performance of the generator. In the first scenario, the loading condition which was represented by the star connection of 3 bulbs of 25 W has been considered. The rotational speed of the tested generator in this scenario was 501.9 rotation per minute (rpm). Under those loading circumstances, 3-phase sinusoidal output voltages with frequencies under 50 Hz have been monitored. Above 50 Hz operational frequency, the output voltage waveform slightly changed from sinusoidal to trapezoidal shapes. In the second scenario, the proposed generator was connected to the rectifier to form a DC system. The 45 W load has been considered in this DC scenario. Under the DC system test, 152.2 V output DC voltage, 0.1614 A current, and 24.976 W power have been monitored when the rotational speed of axial flux double permanent magnet generator was 847.9 rpm.
Bank Loan Approval Prediction System Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jayan Kokru  , Abhijeet Shrikant Ghodke  , Prathmesh Chavan  , Siddharth Chand  , Prof Sagar Mane
Published: March 2022

Bank Loan approval is a very important process for banking organizations. The system approved or reject the loan applications. Recovery of loan is a major contributing parameter in the financial statements of a bank. It is very difficult to predict the possibility of repayment of loan by the customer. In recent years many researchers worked on loan approval prediction systems. In the System Machine Learning (ML) techniques are very useful in predicting outcomes for large amount of data. In this paper two machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) are applied to predict the loan approval of customers.
Anaemia in infants and young children- Risk factor analysis: Case control study
Authors: D. Rajkumar  , Dineshkumar Jayapalan , Arunprasath Thasma Santhanakrishnan
Published: March 2022

Introduction and Aim: Anaemia is a global problem with 42% prevalence. Analysis of risk factors of anaemia will be useful in formulating health programs. This case control study was done to analyse the risk factors for anaemia in infants and young children.
Materials and Methods: This study was done in hospitalised children in a University hospital. Children with anaemia in age group between 6 and 24 months. Age and sex matched children without anaemia were controls. Demographic details, maternal details and feeding practices were compared.
Results: 147 children were recruited in both groups. There was no significant difference in demographic factors. Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) more than four months (95.2% vs 70.1%, p value<0.001), vegetarian diet (53.7% vs 40.1%, p value=0.019), complimentary diet containing either cereals or pulses alone (83% vs 47.6%, p value< 0.001), cow’s milk intake more than 400 ml (36.1% vs 18.4%, p value=0.001) and birth order more than one (62.6% vs 32%, p value<0.001) were identified as risk factors.
Conclusion: Iron supplements are essential in infants, if EBF is practised beyond 4 months and additional vitamin b12 supplements if vegetarian diet is followed. Cow’s milk intake should be less than 400 ml, to protect against anaemia.
Antagonistic asynchrony in biceps and triceps recruitment pattern during forward reach movement in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: A Sanya , Narayan Amitesh , Krishnan Shyam , Bolumbu Ganaraja
Published: March 2022

Introduction and Aim: Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) have a longer duration and poor quality of reaching movements than the Typically Developing (TD) children. This may be due to the variations in the antagonistic muscular activity. To evaluate the sequence of activity of muscle groups involved in reaching movements, we planned this study.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed the order and timing of Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii muscle recruitment pattern among children with CP and TD in forward reach task. Thirty-eight children (n=19 CP and n=19 TD) by recording Electromyogram (EMG), after obtaining ethical clearance. Rectified EMG signals determined the onset of muscle activation, and data were analyzed using unpaired Student’s ‘t’-test and Chi-square test. 
Results: In CP, there was a greater likelihood of Biceps Brachii (flexor) firing prior to Triceps Brachii as compared to TD, for whom the greater probability of Triceps Brachii firing first. (Likelihood ratio (LLR) =28.164; p<0.001). In TD children, the Triceps Brachii have elevated bio-potential, which was generated earlier during the task, followed by Biceps Brachii. As in the CP group, the sequence was reversed (LLR 28.164; p<0.001).
Conclusion: The extensors were found to be firing first in CP children as opposed to TD.
Microbial aetiology of diarrhea in children less than five years of age at tertiary care hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Anita Pandey  , Archana Dubey  , Amresh Kumar Singh
Published: March 2022

Introduction and Aim: Diarrhoeal diseases are one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Multiple aetiologies and associated risk factors are responsible for diarrhoeal diseases in children. The present study aims to determine the microbial aetiology and possible risk factors of diarrhoea in children less than five years of age at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, Meerut in Western Uttar Pradesh, India.
Materials and Methods: A total of 240 children < 5 years of age with history of acute diarrhoea of less than 7 days duration were included in the study. Microbial etiology of diarrhoea in children were looked for. Bacterial etiology was identified by standard bacteriological technique. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) were identified by gene-specific polymerase chain reaction. Rotavirus (RV) antigen was detected by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), parasites were identified by wet mount preparation and fungal etiology was identified by microscopy and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar.
Results: Out of 240 stool samples, 152 were identified as known aetiology of diarrhea. Microbial etiology could be established in 133/240 (55.41%) stool samples. The most common microbial etiology was bacterial 63(47.36%) followed by rotavirus 35 (17.29 %), parasitic etiology in 22 (16.54%) and least common etiology was fungal in 13 (9.77%) cases. Among other etiology, Lactose intolerance was found in 19/240 (7.91%) cases. Mixed aetiology with two or more pathogen causing diarrhoea was seen in 27% cases.
Conclusion: Aetiological agents of diarrhoea could be identified in 63.3% cases. Causes of childhood diarrhoea is polymicrobial and preventable. Awareness and education especially to the mothers regarding the disease, safe drinking water, proper food intake and proper sanitation are key to overcome the burden of the preventable infectious diseases among children less than five years of age.
LIMITES CONSTITUCIONAIS À CONCESSÃO DE ISENÇÕES FISCAIS
Authors: Gimenes Nilson Roberto da Silva
Published: March 2022

Este artigo analisa teoricamente as isenções tributárias através de uma abordagem sistemática e como os parâmetros estabelecidos pela Constituição podem servir para a interpretação e aplicação equilibrada das normas concessivas de isenções fiscais pelos órgãos administrativos e judiciais de julgamento dos processos tributários, inclusive com estudos de casos selecionados da jurisprudência.
DIREITOS DAS MULHERES: da literatura da sergipana Maria Lígia Pina à elaboração da Lei Maria da Penha
Authors: Andrade Oliveira Monique , Lais Costa da Silva Cláudia
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo versa sobre a maneira como a mulher, a qual foi literata, historiadora e membro da Academia Sergipana de Letras, Maria Lígia Madureira Pina, contribui(u) por meio de seu livro A Mulher na História, publicado em 1994, para a consolidação dos direitos humanos das mulheres, no que toca à Lei Maria da Penha. Por meio da revisão de literatura pode-se analisar e reunir informações acerca do tema, que resultaram em quatro capítulos de desenvolvimento, os quais estão ligados ao alcance dos objetivos específicos. Desse modo, primeiro é trazida uma pequena biografia da trajetória de Lígia Pina, como era popularmente chamada, incluindo comentários acerca da sua obra já referida. Posteriormente, mostra-se o contexto de criação da Lei n. 11.340/06, ressaltando alguns direitos fundamentais. Além disso, são evidenciadas a relação entre a lei tratada e a obra de Lígia Pina e algumas ações do Estado brasileiro contextualizada com a apresentação dos números da violência doméstica, após a vigência da Lei Maria da Penha. No que diz respeito à ligação de A Mulher na História e essa lei, conclui-se que Pina cita inúmeras mulheres que ao decorrer da história estiveram na luta em defesa dos seus direitos. Tais mulheres serviram, certamente, de exemplo às pessoas que se uniram para formar um consórcio com vistas a elaborar a Lei n. 11.340/06. Ademais, servirão como modelos para os indivíduos que decidirem reivindicar algum direito, em especial, no âmbito das mulheres.
Resposta ao artigo: UMA CRÍTICA AO CONCEITO DE ABISMO GNOSEOLÓGICO NA TEORIA RETÓRICA DE JOÃO MAURÍCIO ADEODATO (de TORQUATO DA SILVA CASTRO JR., VICTOR LACERDA e JOÃO AMADEUS ALVES DOS SANTOS)
Authors: Adeodato João Maurício
Published: March 2022

Direito de resposta ao artigo publicado no vol.90 n.02 da RAFDR, solicitado ao Editor-Chefe da RAFDR via e-mail e concedido.
NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO AMERICANO E A PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR: LIÇÕES PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Silva Thiago Henrique Costa , Pereira Bruna Daniele De Souza
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender o constitucionalismo latino-americano, que almeja um Estado com maior participação popular e ressignificação do papel dos governantes, alçando o povo ao seu lugar de soberania. A análise utilizou o método comparativo, a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos, com intuito de estudar as principais características do novo constitucionalismo e a sua prática de forma crítica. Em seguida, foi realizada a comparação com a realidade brasileira, especialmente referente aos aspectos sociais e políticos, delineando as lições que podem ser aprendidas com as experiências dos países vizinhos.
SOLUÇÕES EXTRAJUDICIAIS AOS CONFLITOS EMPRESARIAIS NA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Prazak Maurício Avila , Soares Marcelo Negri , Souza Angelo Da Silva
Published: March 2022

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar de forma suscinta como se dão as soluções extrajudiciais na justiça do trabalho, quando existe conflito dentro da empresa entre empregador e empregado. A demanda pela mediação e solução independe da forma em que se deu a ruptura laboral, podendo até, se for declarada a manifestação do reclamante, ocorrer durante a relação de emprego sendo assim, este artigo se justifica por se tratar de um dos temas importantes dentro do ordenamento jurídico e que requer uma análise aprofundada para que haja entendimento sobre as soluções extrajudiciais e como elas podem ser utilizadas. O artigo contou com conteúdo bibliográfico em uma pesquisa qualitativa, fazendo uso, de livros, artigos e as leis que compõe esta temática.
O DIREITO NATURAL E O VERDADEIRO DIREITO: RESENHA DO CURSO DE DIREITO NATURAL DO PROFESSOR JOSÉ LUIZ DELGADO
Authors: Apolônio Renan
Published: March 2022

Resenhar um livro não é tarefa fácil. Sobretudo quando o livro em questão é produto de uma vida inteira de estudos, reflexões, publicações e investigações de um autor veterano, como é o caso de José Luiz Delgado e seu Curso de Direito Natural. Ainda assim, nos lançamos à tentativa, e apresentamos esta resenha sobre o livro mais recente do professor mais antigo da Faculdade de Direito do Recife. O livro ora resenhado não é apenas uma releitura do Direito Natural, ou a defesa de ideias antigas. É, mais bem, uma proposta de renovação da teoria jusnaturalista, com uma nova teoria do direito - uma teoria que é crítica às teorias gerais do Direito atualmente predominantes e também crítica a teorias jusnaturalistas anteriores.
PRINCÍPIO DA PRECAUÇÃO E MEDIDAS DE DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 À LUZ DO CONCEITO DE RISCO EM NIKLAS LUHMANN
Authors: Da Costa David Davidsson Furtado
Published: March 2022

A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus Sars-CoV-2 estremeceu as estruturas da sociedade mundial em 2020. Para além da extrema gravidade do vírus enquanto provocador de patologia de alta transmissibilidade, todos os países do planeta precisaram lidar com uma nova realidade, um novo normal, imposto pelas medidas de distanciamento social, as quais visavam frear o ritmo de contaminação e evitar o estrangulamento da rede de atendimento hospitalar. Esse cenário trouxe à tona problemas antigos, que vão desde a desigualdade, passam pela estrutura deficitária de saúde pública na maioria dos países e chegam ao esgotamento do modelo capitalista como o conhecemos. Ao presente trabalho, porém, interessam especificamente as medidas de distanciamento social levadas a efeito em escala crescente desde o surgimento do novo coronavírus e de sua classificação como pandemia. A análise de tais medidas é feita a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória que reúne dados acerca do princípio ambiental da precaução, para então posicioná-lo dentro do contexto da teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann, notadamente da teoria do risco dela decorrente. Buscou-se, assim, estabelecer o princípio da precaução como um ativo para a superação de parcela dos desafios trazidos pela modernidade hipercomplexa, em especial aqueles relacionados a seus riscos.
DIREITO À SOCIABILIDADE INFANTO-JUVENIL: DEBATE SOBRE A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO HOMESCHOOLING
Authors: Prazeres Falcão Letícia
Published: March 2022

Quando se levanta a temática do homeschooling, em muito se debate sobre a qualidade, eficácia e metodologia do ensino doméstico frente ao escolar. Do mesmo modo, de imediato se confronta a autonomia e responsabilidade parental diante do melhor interesse, proteção integral e demais princípios infanto-juvenis. Não obstante esses desafios, certo é que o ensino doméstico é algo que transcende a esfera individual de pais e jovens e diz respeito também sobre a relevância de estar em sociedade, conviver com a mesma e estabelecer relações. Falar de direito à sociabilidade infanto-juvenil é buscar a compreensão de que para se fazer a parte, pode ser mister a relevância e influência do todo nessa construção. A metodologia utilizada consiste na revisão bibliográfica de teses e artigos científicos sob o viés da abordagem indutiva.
Percepção de luto e vivência de luto antecipatório de familiares em uma unidade de cuidados paliativos
Authors: Sales da Silva Rafael , Gonçalves Coutinho Silvia Maria
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O luto antecipatório é definido como um mecanismo de enfrentamento para lidar com a vivência da finitude mediante possibilidade de separação de um ente querido. Objetivo: Compreender a influência de aspectos da Morte e do Morrer no processo de luto e de luto antecipatório em familiares presentes em Unidades de Cuidados Paliativos exclusivos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter não experimental, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em Unidades de Cuidados Paliativos exclusivos de oncologia e geriatria localizados em um hospital presente na região Centro-Oeste. Resultados e Discussão: 80% dos participantes demonstraram não possuir conhecimento sobre o luto antecipatório, entretanto apresentaram falas que demonstravam a vivência de tal processo. Conclusão: Verifica-se que o não conhecimento do conceito pode interferir na dificuldade da vivência de tais processos.
Adalimumab for the Treatment of Pediatric Populations With Non-Infectious Uveitis
Authors: Hui Daphne , Mierzwinski-Urban Monika , Spry Carolyn
Published: March 2022

Two systematic reviews, 1 economic evaluation, and 2 evidence-based guidelines were identified regarding the clinical effectiveness (including safety), cost-effectiveness, and use of adalimumab in pediatric populations with non-infectious uveitis.

Pooled data of the SYCAMORE and ADJUVITE randomized controlled trials comparing adalimumab to placebo demonstrated that adalimumab significantly increased the likelihood of reducing or interrupting corticosteroid use (which is beneficial as long-term corticosteroid use can result in cataracts and glaucoma). Adalimumab significantly increased the event of a satisfactory response rate, but there was no difference in safety assessed as systemic adverse events and local adverse effects.

Specific to the ADJUVITE trial, visual acuity slightly worsened before and after treatment with adalimumab and it was unclear if adalimumab increased control of intraocular inflammation.

Specific to the SYCAMORE trial, adalimumab significantly lowered the risk of treatment failure and the rate and number of adverse events and serious adverse events were higher in the adalimumab group compared to the placebo group. For the adalimumab group, the most common adverse event type was infections and infestations and the most common serious adverse events were glaucoma, cataracts, injection site reactions, arthritis, and arthralgia.

In the perspective of the health care system in the UK, adalimumab plus methotrexate was not found to be cost-effective compared to methotrexate alone (modelled by placebo data) in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Cost-effectiveness analyses of adalimumab at a discounted price lowered the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which supports the potential use of biosimilars in the future due to cost savings.

Both guidelines recommended the use of treatment that blocks proteins that cause inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors) such as adalimumab in combination with an immunosuppressive agent such as methotrexate (i.e., adalimumab plus methotrexate) in patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who are not responsive to initial treatment (e.g., topical corticosteroids) and are at risk for severe uveitis or vision threatening complications.

The American College of Rheumatology/ Arthritis Foundation recommended the use of adalimumab and infliximab over etanercept with no preference between adalimumab and infliximab. Conversely, the guideline from multiple interdisciplinary German groups recommended that adalimumab and infliximab are the first- and second-choice tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibiting drugs, respectively. They recommended a treatment switch to infliximab then golimumab when adalimumab is not effective or there is treatment failure with adalimumab.
CAMELS-Chem: Augmenting CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies) with Atmospheric and Stream Water Chemistry Data
Authors: Sterle Gary , Perdrial Julia , Li Li , Adler Thomas , Underwood Kristen , Rizzo Donna , Wen Hang , Harpold Adrian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Large sample datasets are transforming hypothesis testing and model fidelity in the catchment sciences, but few large stream water chemistry datasets exist with complementary streamflow, meteorology, and catchment physiographic attributes. Here, we pair atmospheric deposition and water chemistry related information with the existing CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies) dataset. The newly developed dataset, CAMELS-Chem, comprises U.S. Geological Survey water chemistry data and instantaneous discharge over the period from 1980 through 2014 in 506 minimally impacted headwater catchments. The CAMELS-Chem dataset includes 18 common stream water chemistry constituents: Al, Ca, Cl, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Total Organic Carbon, HCO3, K, Mg, Na, Total Dissolved Nitrogen [nitrate + nitrite + ammonia + organic-N], Total Organic Nitrogen, NO3, Dissolved Oxygen, pH (field and lab), Si, SO4, and water temperature. We also provide an annual wet deposition loads from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program over the same catchments that includes: Ca, Cl, H, K, Mg, and Total Nitrogen from deposition [precipitation NO3 + NH4, dry deposition of particulate NH4, + NO3, and gaseous NH3], Na, NH4, NO3, SO₄. We release a paired instantaneous discharge (and mean daily discharge) measurement for all chemistry samples. To motivate wider use by the larger scientific community, we develop three example analyses: 1. Atmospheric-aquatic linkages using atmospheric and stream SO4 trends, 2. Hydrologic-biogeochemical linkages using concentration-discharge relations, and 3. Geological-biogeochemical linkages using weathering relations. The retrieval scripts and final dataset of > 412,801 individual stream water chemistry measurements are available to the wider scientific community for continued investigation.
A multipurpose lifting-line flow solver for arbitrary wind energy concepts
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel , Brownstein Ian , Strom Benjamin , Jonkman Jason , Dana Scott , Baring-Gould Edward Ian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In this work, we extend the AeroDyn module of OpenFAST to support arbitrary collections of wings, rotors, and towers. The new standalone AeroDyn driver supports arbitrary motions of the lifting surfaces and complex turbulent inflows. Aerodynamics and inflow are assembled into one module that can be readily coupled with an elastic solver. We describe the features and updates necessary for the implementation of the new AeroDyn driver. We present different case studies of the driver to illustrate its application to concepts such as multirotors, kites, or vertical-axis wind turbines. We perform verification and validation of some of the new features using the following test cases: elliptical wings, horizontal-axis wind turbines, and 2D and 3D vertical-axis wind turbines. The wind turbine simulations are compared to existing tools and field measurements. We use this opportunity to describe some limitations of current models and to highlight areas that we think should be the focus of future research in wind turbine aerodynamics.
Can reanalysis products outperform mesoscale numerical weather prediction models in modeling the wind resource in simple terrain?
Authors: Pronk Vincent , Bodini Nicola , Optis Mike , Lundquist Julie K. , Moriarty Patrick , Draxl Caroline , Purkayastha Avi , Young Ethan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are generally considered more accurate than reanalysis products in characterizing the wind resource at heights of interest for wind energy, given their finer spatial resolution and more comprehensive physics. However, advancements in the latest ERA-5 reanalysis product motivate an assessment on whether ERA-5 can model wind speeds as well as a state-of-the-art NWP model – the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. We consider this research question for both simple terrain and offshore applications. Specifically, we compare wind profiles from ERA-5 and the preliminary WRF runs of the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit Long-term Ensemble Dataset (WTK-LED) to those observed by lidars at a site in Oklahoma, United States, and in a United States Atlantic offshore wind energy area. We find that ERA-5 shows a significant negative bias (∼-1ms-1) at both locations, with a larger bias at the land-based site. WTK-LED-predicted wind speed profiles show a limited negative bias (∼-0.5ms-1) offshore and a slight positive bias (∼+0.5ms-1) at the land-based site. On the other hand, we find that ERA-5 outperforms WTK-LED in terms of the centered root-mean-square error (cRMSE) and correlation coefficient, for both the land-based and offshore cases, in all atmospheric stability conditions. We find that WTK-LED's higher cRMSE is caused by its tendency to overpredict the amplitude of the wind speed diurnal cycle. At the land-based site, this is partially caused by wind plant wake effects not being accurately captured by WTK-LED.
Eğitim Kurumlarında Öğretmenlerin Meslekî Tükenmişlik Yaşamalarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaynar Serkan
Published: March 2022

One of the professions where burnout, which is a common problem in working life, is most common, is undoubtedly the teaching profession. Burnout has many negative effects on the teacher himself, his students, their parents, and the educational structure. The interaction of the professionally exhausted teacher with the student decreases in terms of quality and quantity, job satisfaction decreases, job performance weakens, reluctance to work and the desire to quit work. As a result, teachers experiencing burnout develop negative attitudes and behaviors towards work as physical and mental health problems arise. Keywords: Educational Institutions, Professional Burnout, Professional Burnout in Teachers
Impact of Capital Adequacy on Bank Stability in Lebanon
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Head of Finance Department, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Lebanese University, Lebanon, Ghayad Racha , Noura Diana ,   Master's degree in Finance and Banking, Lebanese University, Lebanon
Published: March 2022

This research paper intention is to study the capital adequacy requirements in the Lebanese banks and the effect of this ratio on the financial stability. Capital adequacy ratio and Altmans z-score (representing stability of banks) were collected from a sample of 8 Lebanese banks in the time between 2009 to 2018. The collected data is analyzed using SPSS software to reach conclusions that serves the topic of study. 8 simple linear regressions are conducted, among a confidence level of 95% and a level of error 5%. Each simple regression has a dependent variable (Altman’s Z-score) which represents the stability of the bank, and an independent variable (Capital adequacy ratio). The results show that almost in all banks (except bank MED) there was no significant impact of CAR on the stability of the banks. This result shows that the commitment of Lebanese commercial banks under the monitoring of the central bank was not enough to keep the financial system stable, which is a logical conclusion after what happened in 2019 where the financial system has collapsed and the commercial banks faced a severe crisis in its liquidity and reputation. Although the central bank in Lebanon was in a full compliance with Basel requirements concerning minimum capital over years, the Lebanese banking sector has collapsed and bankrupted. Also, depositors were not protected and they lost their deposited money in the bank. In other words, capital requirements in Lebanon did not prevent banks from engaging in excessive risk-taking and enhance financial stability. Thus, the problem of the Lebanese banking sector could be mismanagement, concentration of the loans portfolio in Eurobonds and with the central bank, and many other factors that caused the financial collapse in Lebanon.
تنمية الموارد البشرية ودورها في تفعيل الإدارة الإلكترونية بمديرية شرطة العاصمة المقدسة
Authors:   ماجستير إدارة الموارد البشرية، كلية الأعمال، جامعة جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية, البيروتي سارة عزات
Published: March 2022

تماشياً مع برنامج الملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز " تنمية القوة البشرية " ضمن رؤية المملكة ٢٠٣٠ الذي يشمل جميع المواطنين من طلاب وموظفين، سواء كانوا من القطاع العام أو الخاص وأيضا تطبيق الحوكمة الإلكترونية التي تشمل تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في القطاعات الحكومية بشكل فعال الذي بدورة يحتاج لموارد بشرية قادرة على العمل مع التقنيات الحديثة ولديها مهارة التعامل مع الحاسب الالي. ليس فقط لتطبق الإدارة الإلكترونية بل لتستطيع أن تطور وتحسن في العمليات الروتينية وتنقلها إلى أعمال احترافية أكثر، ويشمل التواصل الفعال بين الرئيس والمرؤوس أو بين الإدارات الأخرى، وتبسيط العمليات وسهولة إنجازها. وانطلاقاً من اهتمام القيادة الأمنية بالمملكة العربية السعودية بتطوير أداء المنظمات الأمنية بصفة عامة، وإدارات شرطة العاصمة المقدسة بصفة خاصة، ووقوف الباحثة على الحاجة الماسة لتنمية الموارد البشرية لتطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية كوسيلة فعالة لاختصار الإجراءات والعمل بفعالية واحترافية.
واقع تفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين في مدارس ينبع وجدة من وجهة نظر الطلبة ومنفذي البرامج الإثرائية
Authors:   ماجستير القيادة التربوية، كلية العلوم الصحية والسلوكية والتعليم، جامعة دار الحكمة، المملكة العربية السعودية, الغامدي حنان محمد , العباسي الدكتورة/ دلال عمر ,   أستاذ مساعد في ماجستير القيادة التربوية، كلية العلوم الصحية والسلوكية والتعليم، جامعة دار الحكمة، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: March 2022

استهدفت الدراسة التعرف على واقع تفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين في مدارس ينبع وجدة من وجهة نظر الطلبة ومنفذي البرامج الإثرائية، ودرجة تفعيلها والتحديات التي تواجه استخدامها، ومقترحات لتفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للموهوبين في مدارس ينبع وجدة، وعلاقة ذلك بمتغيرات الدراسة (الجنس، المرحلة الدراسية، البيئات التعلمية، الإدارة المشرفة على البرامج الإثرائية) من وجهة نظر الطلبة الموهوبين ومنفذي البرامج الإثرائية. أتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي لسهولة تطبيقه وقدرته على تغطية وحدات كثيرة من المجتمع المدروس، وطبقت استبانة الكترونية على عينه من 191)) من الطلبة الموهوبين، و(29) من منفذي البرامج الإثرائية للموهوبين، وتوصلت النتائج إلى أن الطلبة الموهوبين ومنفذي البرامج يرون أنه نادراً ما يتم تفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين في مدينة ينبع وجدة، وتوصلت كذلك نتائج الدراسة أن درجة موافقة الطلبة الموهوبين في مدينة ينبع وجدة جاءت (محايدة) حيال وجود تحديات ومقترحات لتفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين فيما جاءت درجة موافقة منفذي البرامج الإثرائية في مدنية ينبع وجدة (موافقة) على وجود تحديات ومقترحات لتفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين، وكشفت نتائج عن عدم وجود اختلاف بين آراء ووجهات نظر الطلبة الموهوبين تُجَاه تحديات ومقترحات تفعيل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في البرامج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين في بعض مدارس ينبع وجدة باختلاف (الجنس، المرحلة الدراسية، البيئات التعلمية، الجهة المشرفة على البرامج الإثرائية)، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة إدخال البيئات الذكية القائمة على الذكاء الاصطناعي في عمليات التعليم والتعلم، وتطوير مقررات البرامج الإثرائية وتوظيف مجالات الذكاء الاصطناعي بمختلف أنواعها، وتبني خطة للتطوير والتدريب المستمر لمستجدات تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال التعليم، وعمل الأدلة الإرشادية لها، وتقديم الحوافز التشجيعية لمنفذي البرامج الإثرائية والطلبة الموهوبين لاستخدامها، والاهتمام بالبنى التحتية للمؤسسات التعليمية ودعمها بأحدث الأجهزة، وإقامة مؤتمرات علمية على مستوى مراكز وإدارات الموهوبين، ودعوة الطلبة ومنفذي البرامج الإثرائية للمشاركة والحضور.
واقع سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية وعلاقته بالصـورة الذهنية للجامعات السودانية بالتطبيق على جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية (مجمع الطالبات)
Authors:   أستاذ إدارة الأعمال المساعد، كلية العلوم الإدارية، جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية، جمهورية السودان, محمد حنان عثمان عمسيب
Published: March 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن واقع ممارسة سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية وعلاقته بالصورة الذهنية للجامعات السودانية من وجهة نظر عضوات هيئة التدريس والموظفات بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية (مجمع الطالبات)، وذلك من خلال اختبار ثلاث فرضيات متمثلة في: توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية بأبعاده المختلفة (الإيثار، الكياسة، الروح الرياضية، السلوك الحضاري، وعي الضمير) والصورة الذهنية. توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين آراء عضوات هيئة التدريس والموظفات بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية نحو سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية تعزى لمتغيرات (الوظيفة، ومدة الخدمة، والمؤهل العلمي). توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين آراء عضوات هيئة التدريس والموظفات بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية نحو الصورة الذهنية تعزى لمتغيرات (الوظيفة، ومدة الخدمة، والمؤهل العلمي). تمّ استخدام المنهج التاريخي لجمع البيانات الخاصة بالجزء النظري والدراسات السابقة، وكذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. كما تمَّ استخدام الاستبيان لجمع البيانات من مجتمع الدراسة البالغ 1116 (571 عضوة هيئة تدريس، و545 موظفة)، باختيار عينة عشوائية طبقية بنسبة 10% لكل منهما بلغت 112 (57 عضوة هيئة تدريس، و55 موظفة) وكان عدد الاستبيانات الصالحة (105). أُستخِدم برنامج SPSS)) لتحليل البيانات واختبار الفرضيات باستخدام معامل ارتباط بيرسون، وتحليل التباين الأحادي، توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية بأبعاده المختلفة، والصورة الذهنية. عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين آراء عضوات هيئة التدريس والموظفات بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية نحو سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية تعزى لمتغيرات (الوظيفة، ومدة الخدمة، والمؤهل العلمي). عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية ≤ 0.05 بين آراء عضوات هيئة التدريس والموظفات بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية نحو الصورة الذهنية قد تعزى لمتغيري (الوظيفة، ومدة الخدمة) بينما توجد فروق تعزى لمتغير (المؤهل العلمي)، كما خرجت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات.
التغيرات الاجتماعية للأسرة المترتبة على جائحة كورونا وأثرها على صراع الأدوار لدى المرأة العاملة في المجتمع السعودي (دراسة ميدانية على عينه من النساء العاملات في أسر مدينة جدة)
Authors:   ماجستير في التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, عريبي ساميه عبد الله , ابو ناب ندى صالح ,   ماجستير في التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, مكي ريناد غازي ,   ماجستير في التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, فلمبان عايدة مختار ,   ماجستير في التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: March 2022

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على التغيرات الاجتماعية للأسرة المترتبة على جائحة كورونا وأثرها على صراع الأدوار لدى المرأة العاملة في المجتمع السعودي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من النساء العاملات في مدينة جدة من مختلف المستويات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في كافة القطاعات الحكومية والخاصة، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من 144 امرأة عاملة من مدينة جدة في المملكة العربية السعودية، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم استخدام الاستبيان كأداة لجمع المعلومات من عينة الدراسة، حيث اشتمل الاستبيان على قسمين، تكون القسم الأول من البيانات الديموغرافية (العمر، الحالة الاجتماعية، عدد الأبناء، مجال العمل، المستوى الاقتصادي)، وتكون القسم الثاني من أسئلة الدراسة الذي تضمن ثلاثة محاور (التعليم عن بعد، العمل عن بعد، العزلة الاجتماعية). ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت لها الدراسة: توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين التغيرات الاجتماعية للأسرة المرتبطة بجائحة كورونا (المتمثلة في التعليم عن بعد) وبين صراع الأدوار لدى المرأة العاملة في المجتمع السعودي، توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين التغيرات الاجتماعية للأسرة المرتبطة بجائحة كورونا (المتمثلة في العمل عن بعد) وبين صراع الأدوار لدى المرأة العاملة في المجتمع السعودي، توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين التغيرات الاجتماعية للأسرة المرتبطة بجائحة كورونا (المتمثلة في العزلة الاجتماعية) وبين صراع الأدوار لدى المرأة العاملة في المجتمع السعودي.
مشكلة الموضوعية عند الباحث المُسلم في فهم الدين الآخر
Authors:   ماجستير في الأديان والحضارات، قسم العقيدة والدعوة، كلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة قطر، دولة قطر, النعيمي عامر علي
Published: March 2022

تتناول هذه الدراسة المشكلة الموضوعية التي تواجه الباحث الذي يدرس الأديان التي لا يعتنقها محاولاً فهمها، في هذه الدراسة تم التطرق لتعريف الموضوعية لغةً واصطلاحاً، وشرح الموضوعية في دراسة الأديان وأهميتها ومقارنتها مع الذاتية، استعرضت الدراسة منهج القرآن في الموضوعية والتحديات التي تواجه المُسلم الذي يدرس الأديان الأخرى بموضوعية، استشهدت الدراسة بالعالم أبي الريحان البيروني ودراسته الموضوعية والفاروقي كمفكر مُعاصر درس الأديان بموضوعية وتناولت الدراسة أثر الموضوعية على مستقبل الدراسات الدينية في الإطار الموضوعي. اعتمدت الدراسة على عدة مناهج علمية، للتوصل إلى النتائج المأمولة من الدراسة ولتكييف الموضوعات التي أبرزتها الدراسة من خلال إشكالياتها وأسئلتها المتعلقة بالموضوعية في دراسة الأديان. المناهج التي ارتكزت عليها الدراسة هي: المنهج الوصفي، المنهج التاريخي، المنهج التحليلي، والمنهج المُقارن. من النتائج البارزة التي انتهت إليها الدراسة في الموضوعية في دراسة الأديان، ومن أبرز النتائج: إن المنهج الموضوعي قد اُستخدم في القرآن الكريم وكان سابق على النقد والتقييم، الواقع الذي تعيشه الأديان اليوم هو بسبب تقديم النقد والتقييم على الموضوعية في فهم الدين الأخر، الدراسات الموضوعية كانت بارزة في الحضارة الإسلامية على الدراسات التي اقتصرت على النقد والتقييم للأديان الأخرى، المنهج الإسلامي كان من أوائل من دعوا إلى التعددية والاختلاف والتعايش والتعارف، وقد أولى دراسة الأديان الأخرى بموضوعية أهمية لأنه يؤدي إلى تحقيق الرسالة الدعوية بالمجادلة الحسنة.
Farming according to the Grand Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet of 1595
Authors: Nikolaishvili Dali , Sartania Davit , Ujmajuridze Avtandil
Published: March 2022

This article describes the economic situation, particularly the tradition of Georgian farming culture, in southwestern part of Georgia, concurred by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and called Gurjistan Vilayet by the Ottomans. Gurjistan Vilayet covered a significant area of southwestern Georgia, with only a tiny part being a part of Georgia and the remained territory being a part of the Republic of Turkey, the legal successor of the Ottoman Empire. The study is mainly based on the Grand Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet. In the study's course, the geographical objects (villages, sites of ancient villages, sowing areas, etc.) given by the Defter were identified, systematized, and classified and a GIS database and relevant maps were developed. The objects plotted on the map were identified by comparing with other sources used to identify the types and amounts of taxes set by the Ottoman for the population, group them thematically, and draw a picture of the region's economic potential. It was found that the Georgian economic tradition was solid and sustainably profitable, but the Ottoman ideological press had a particular effect on it.
Developing Premarital Relationship and Suitability
Authors: Fatima Saleha , Siddiqui Muhammad Saad
Published: March 2022

Marital affairs are one of the most elaborated provisions of sharī‘ah directives. Like other fields, Islamic marital ideologies are also affected by globalization and cultural influences. This article aims to explore sharī‘ah principles to tackle modernized customs of premarital engagements inspired by non-Islamic practices. Usually, khiṭbah (a proposal of marriage) is considered the earliest stage of the premarital phase. However, the Qur’ān 4:3 mentions a condition that persuades someone towards khiṭbah. Usually dominated by sight, ṭāba is a sensitive humanly state that stimulates liking and love for someone. A close analysis of Islamic traditions reveals three developmental stages of ṭāba having thin membranes between them, separated and studied for possible implications in the twenty-first century. Contemporary studies on premarital behaviours and modern trends of Muslim courtship further elevate the significance of this study.
Food quality and safety. Transformation of concepts
Authors: Хуршудян Сергей Азатович , Пряничникова Наталия Сергеевна , Рябова Анастасия Евгеньевна
Published: March 2022

Продукты питания, несомненно, способствовали развитию и поддержанию человечества. Сегодня мы сталкиваемся с серьезными проблемами в этой области - многие люди потребляют продукты низкого качества. Качество и безопасность пищевого продукта - это одно из основополагающих понятий, используемых в госпрограммах, нормативных и иных документах различных уровней, которые затрагивают вопросы обеспечения населения продуктами питания. При этом восприятие терминов у потребителей и производителей отличается. Так, в статье приведен анализ существующих определений качества и безопасности пищевых продуктов, факторы, формирующие их восприятие у потребителя, а также трансформация их содержания во времени под влиянием различных факторов или их комбинаций. Расширение границ потребительского восприятия качества и безопасности в зарубежной технической литературе также признается существенным фактором, для которого применяется специальное название - «метод лестницы». Примером субъективного восприятия качества может служить априорное отношение потребителя к пищевым продуктам известных торговых брендов. Границы безопасности меняются значительно медленнее, чем качественные показатели. В реальности показатели безопасности, прежде всего, становятся известными специалистам, и лишь отдельные, наиболее агрессивные - потребителям.

Food products undoubtedly contributed to the development and maintenance of mankind. Today we are facing serious problems in this area - many people are consuming poor quality products. The quality and safety of a food product is one of the fundamental concepts used in state programs, regulatory and other documents at various levels that affect the provision of food to the population. At the same time, the perception of terms by consumers and manufacturers is different. Thus, the article analyzes the existing definitions of food quality and safety, the factors that shape their perception by the consumer, as well as the transformation of their content over time under the influence of various factors or their combinations. The expansion of the boundaries of consumer perception of quality and safety in foreign technical literature is also recognized as a significant factor for which a special name is used - the «ladder method». An example of the subjective perception of quality is the a priori attitude of the consumer to food products of well-known trade brands. Security boundaries change much more slowly than qualitative indicators. In reality, safety indicators, first of all, become known to specialists, and only some, the most aggressive ones, to consumers.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA GENERASI Z DAN GENERASI MILENIAL DI INDONESIA TERHADAP ZARA
Authors: Nurhalim Andres Dharma
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study aims to analyze the factors that influence purchasing decisions in generation z and millennial generations in Indonesia against Zara.The analytical method used by the author in conducting this research is to use quantitative research with a total population of 83 respondents, which areconsumers who have bought Zara. In collecting the data, it was done by distributing questionnaires in which there were several statements. In this study,the variables were divided into several parts, including price (X1), product quality (X2) and brand image (X3) as independent variables, and purchasing decisions (Y) as the dependent variable. To measure the magnitude of the influence on these variables, the authors use the method of multiple regression analysis. From the results of the analysis, it is found that there is a significant and simultaneous influence on the variables of price, product quality and brand image onpurchasing decisions at Zara in Indonesia.
STRATEGI HARGA DAN PROMOSI YANG DILAKUKAN E- COMMERCE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Darmawan Presly
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study aims to analyze the effect of price, promotion on purchasing decisions in e-commerce. The analytical method used by the author inconducting this research is to use quantitative research involving 100 respondents in the city of Tangerang who have shopped at online stores. In collecting the data, it was done by distributing questionnaires in which there were several statements. In this study, the variables were divided into several parts, including price (X1), promotion (X2) as the independent variable, and purchasing decisions (Y) as the dependent variable. To measure the magnitude of the influence on these variables, the authors use multiple regression analysis method. From the results of the analysis, it is found that there is a significant and simultaneous influence on the price and promotion variables on purchasing decisions.