bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synaptic and behavioral interactions of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) with neurostimulants
Authors: Izumi Y , Tokuda K , O’Dell KA , Zorumski CF , Narahashi T
Published: March 2009

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a neuraminidase inhibitor, is widely used for treatment of influenza. Because abnormal behaviors have been observed in some Japanese teenagers following oseltamivir use, its safety has been questioned. Oseltamivir is known to alter neuronal function and behavior in animals, particularly when administered in combination with ethanol. Based on this, it has been hypothesized that interactions of oseltamivir with other drugs may result in altered CNS excitability in this study. It has been found that injection of ephedrine and caffeine overcame inactivity induced by oseltamivir and ethanol but did not alter changes in novelty seeking behavior in a Y-maze test. In ex-vivo hippocampal slices, oseltamivir carboxylate (OTC), an active form of oseltamivir, alters excitability in the absence of ethanol. In slices pretreated with OTC, long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity that is correlated with Y-maze performance was not altered if caffeine or ephedrine was administered individually. However, LTD could not be induced in slices pretreated with OTC if caffeine and ephedrine were administered simultaneously. These observations suggest that combination of oseltamivir with other neurostimulants may alter synaptic plasticity and this may contribute to behavioral changes associated with the drug.
Acquiring Rules for Rules: Neuro-Dynamical Systems Account for Meta-Cognition
Authors: Maniadakis Michail , Tani Jun
Published: March 2009

Both animals and humans use meta-rules in their daily life, in order to adapt their behavioral strategies to changing environmental situations. Typically, the term meta-rule encompasses those rules that are applied to rules themselves. In cognitive science, conventional approaches for designing meta-rules follow human hardwired architectures. In contrast to previous approaches, this study employs evolutionary processes to explore neuronal mechanisms accounting for meta-level rule switching. In particular, we performed a series of experiments with a simulated robot that has to learn to switch between different behavioral rules in order to accomplish given tasks. Continuous time recurrent neural networks (CTRNN) controllers with either a fully connected or a bottleneck architecture were examined. The results showed that different rules are represented by separate self-organized attractors, while rule switching is enabled by the transitions among attractors. Furthermore, the results showed that neural network division into a lower sensorimotor level and a higher cognitive level enhances the performance of the robot in the given tasks. Additionally, meta-cognitive rule processing is significantly supported by the embodiment of the controller and the lower level sensorimotor properties of environmental interaction.
Construction in a Simulated Environment Using Temporal Goal Sequencing and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Panangadan Anand , Dyer Michael G.
Published: March 2009

A behavior-based architecture ( ConAg) with a connectionist action selection mechanism is introduced that enables a society of autonomous agents to construct arbitrary structures in their simulated two-dimensional world. Construction in this environment involves the agents picking up colored discs and dropping them at incomplete parts of the structure being built.

The ConAg architecture provides both reactive behaviors which are used to maintain the viability of the agent and navigational planning behaviors that are used for construction. The action selection mechanism enables learning the sequence of behaviors required for construction by reinforcement learning. The navigational planning behaviors use a grid-based representation of the world. The shape of the structure to be built is also encoded on an internal spatial map. Path planning is implemented by spreading activations on sets of grid-based maps so that the agents perform the construction task efficiently. Construction of arbitrary structures is supported by temporal sequencing of goals. We present simulation results that demonstrate the performance of the architecture and algorithms.
Embryonic Entitlements: Stem Cell Patenting and the Co-production of Commodities and Personhood
Authors: Hoeyer Klaus , Nexoe Sniff , Hartlev Mette , Koch Lene
Published: March 2009

With the aim of understanding current problematizations of embryonic stem cell patenting this article rehearses the history of social entitlements related to reproductive material derived from women seeking care in institutions for reproductive health in Denmark. Our interest lies in the emergence of commercial exchange of material derived from embryos. Such exchange is characterized by contestation of the status of the embryo: is it a person or a commodity? To understand the modus operandi of the exchanges, we first explore how the concepts of personhood and morality, of commodity and ownership tend to be related in the ideal type of capitalist exchange. Historical context then helps us understand the contingency of exchange systems. Historically Danish women have had much less influence on the dissemination of material derived from them than they do today. However, today their entitlements have also found their limits, in particular with respect to commercial transactions. We claim that, ironically, material derived from institutionally mediated reproduction gains unprecedented personhood from confrontation with a capitalist exchange form which potentially designates it as a mere commodity.
When Alcohol Acts: An Actor-Network Approach to Teenagers, Alcohol and Parties
Authors: Demant Jakob
Published: March 2009

Sociological studies into alcohol use seem to find it difficult to deal with the substance itself. Alcohol tends to be reduced to a symbol of a social process and in this way the sociological research loses sight of effects beyond the social. This article suggests a new theoretical approach to the study of alcohol and teenagers' (romantic) relationships, inspired by actor-network theory (ANT). The central feature of ANT is to search for relationships, or rather networks, between all things relevant to the phenomenon. All material and semantic structures, things, persons, discourses, etc. that influence a given situation are described as actants and are entered into the analysis. The aim of this article is to propose a way of including materiality in sociological analyses of alcohol and to explore ways of using focus group interview material in ANT-inspired analysis. By analysing a girl's development from being a non-drinker at the age of 14, to a heavy drinker at 16, the article investigates how the actants brought out by young people in the focus groups themselves constitute different forms of agency. The analysis is based on a qualitative study consisting of 37 focus groups conducted with teenagers in Denmark over a three-year period.
This Body Which is Not One: The Body, Femininity and Disability
Authors: Inahara Minae
Published: March 2009

In the social system in which we live, the imaginary body is an able body. The able-bodied has established its representations that are the projection of able-bodied subjectivities. In this article, I shall develop a psychoanalytic account of physical disability in order to open up possibilities for physical disability beyond its position as castrated able-bodiedness. Psychoanalysis, to me, is not simply about `sexuality' but can also be used to analyse `physical disability', indeed all aspects of one's subjectivity. I shall propose the appropriation of psychoanalysis to explain the construction of subjectivity, whether it is able-bodied or disabled, in a way that parallels the male/female dichotomy. Within an able-bodied symbolic, in which the able-bodied takes itself as normal, it is impossible to illustrate the multiplicity of the disabled. Following Irigaray's claim that the ambiguity of female sexuality does not conform to male notions of sexuality, I argue that the complexity of the disabled body does not fit into the able-bodied norm of subjectivity. In this article, I shall be drawing on Irigaray's theory of embodied subjectivity to argue against the masculine-able-bodied-based theory of subjectivity found in Freud and Lacan.
Gender Capital and Male Bodybuilders
Authors: Bridges Tristan S.
Published: March 2009

Cultural capital and hegemonic masculinity are two concepts that have received intense attention. While both have received serious consideration, critique and analysis, the context or field-specificity of each is sometimes ignored. They have been used in a diversity of ways. Using ethnographic and interview data from a US male bodybuilding community, this study highlights one useful employment. Hegemonic masculinity takes different shapes in different fields of interaction, acting as a form of cultural capital: gender capital. Inherent in this discussion are the cultural contradictions apparent among individuals striving for either physical or ideological embodiments of gender capital. Individuals can attempt to embody hegemonic idealizations, but bodies are not only inscribed with gender, inscriptions are read, and read differently by different social actors and in different settings. The capacity of gender capital to remain elusive is precisely what enables gender practices and projects like bodybuilding to retain passionate participation.
Balinese identity as tourist attraction
Authors: Picard Michel
Published: March 2009

In this article, I describe how I became interested in tourism and how I went about studying it, before expounding where the study of tourism in Bali led me. Tourism neither `polluted' Balinese culture (as some of its critics would have it) nor entailed its `renaissance' (as the proponents of `cultural tourism' are prone to claim). What happened is that the focus on `cultural' tourism convinced the Balinese people that they have a `culture', something precious and perishable that they perceive as a capital to be exploited and as a heritage to be protected. As it was being manipulated and appropriated by the tourism industry, their culture became not only a source of profit and pride, but also a cause of anxiety for the Balinese, who started wondering whether they were still authentically Balinese. Thus it is that tourism provoked an overriding concern about identity amongst the Balinese — about what they call their `Balineseness'.
The nation state as an identifying image
Authors: Cousin Saskia
Published: March 2009

This article focuses on how tourism policy composes and recomposes a history and a territory, how representations are produced and how are they perceived and drawn upon by different categories of the population. The article explores in what ways tourism policies are used in the context of everyday heritage tourism in Loches, a small town in Touraine, France. It is argued that the invention of a local identity for tourism is directly connected to an established national past and myth that, like the new created territories, act as the frame for local identity. In this article, I also explore the role of the tourist and the place of local citizens suggesting that tourism policy is constructed with disregard for a significant section of the town's population and even appears to be able to manage without tourists. Finally I suggest that the symbolic efficacy of cultural tourism is not to be found in the reality of tourist practices, but in the role of identification and legitimation which tourism plays for the local authorities.
Review: Diagnosis and management of mid-gastrointestinal bleeding by double-balloon endoscopy
Authors: Hayashi Yoshikazu , Yamamoto Hironori , Yano Tomonori , Sugano Kentaro
Published: March 2009

The new methods of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) have revolutionized the diagnostic approach to middle (mid) gastrointestinal bleeding (MGIB) in recent years. DBE also has therapeutic options and enables us to treat the MGIB endoscopically. In this review, we discuss endoscopic diagnosis and management of three major categories of sources of MGIB — vascular lesions, ulcers/erosions and tumors/polyps.
Review: Ulcerative colitis: current treatment strategies and future prospects
Authors: Garud Sagar , Peppercorn Mark A.
Published: March 2009

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and occasionally the submucosa of the colon. Conventional drug therapy for UC involves use of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Alternative therapies include probiotics, nicotine and fish oil. Drugs like tacrolimus, rosiglitazone and Trichuris suis ova are being evaluated for use in UC patients. With the new biologic agents, new treatment options for UC continue to evolve. In this article we will discuss the conventional drugs, the alternative therapies and the management strategies according to the severity and extent of UC.
Contamination of bottles used for feeding reconstituted powdered infant formula and implications for public health
Authors: Redmond Elizabeth C , Griffith Christopher J , Riley Steven
Published: March 2009

Aims: Microbial contamination of powdered infant formula (PIF) is known to cause gastrointestinal infections in infants. Of concern is intrinsic contamination of the formula with (for example) Salmonella enterica as well as extrinsic contamination from inappropriate handling or ineffective disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate organic and microbial contamination of `in-use' bottles used for feeding infants powdered formula milk in South Wales, UK.

Methods: To establish baseline contamination levels of `in-use' bottles, 75 `uncleaned' and 150 `cleaned and ready to re-use' bottles used for feeding infants PIF were analyzed. The microbiological analysis included aerobic colony counts (ACCs), presence/absence and counts of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. The level of residual adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) was determined as an indicator of organic soiling. All bottles were sampled in four sites; inner screwcap, bottle interior; bottle outer rim and teat interior.

Results: Microbial counts up to 105/area were sampled and ATP levels up to 100,051 relative light units (RLUs) were obtained from `uncleaned' bottles. Findings varied according to bottle site. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 12—15% of `unclean' bottles/components (up to 102 cfu/area sampled) and contamination was most frequently detected from the screw cap and teat interiors. Data indicated that after use, prior to cleaning, considerable microbial and organic soil remained in the cumulative bottles. Of the ready-to-use bottles reportedly cleaned and disinfected, some had ACCs up to 5.8x104 cfu/area sampled. Staphylococcus aureus was detected from 4% bottles/components but no Enterobacteriaceae were detected.

Conclusions: Cumulatively, findings indicate the presence of organic soiling and the potential for survival of bacteria between infant feeds. There is a need for effective education on effective bottle decontamination procedures. This may be achieved by using an audience-centred approach to re-enforce messages to parents and caregivers to implement good hygiene practices, effectively wash and rinse items before disinfection and follow manufacturers' guidelines for disinfection.
Food safety issues and children's lunchboxes
Authors: Hudson Philippa Kathryn , Walley Hannah
Published: March 2009

Aim: Approximately 60% of school children in the UK eat packed lunches on a regular basis. While extensive research investigating the health and quality of food in these lunchboxes has been conducted, there is very little parallel research into food safety issues. This study set out to examine the food safety issues associated with the daily cycle of lunchbox use among primary school children. In particular, the role of the actual lunchbox as a potential vehicle of cross-contamination was investigated.

Methods: Using a self-completion questionnaire, parental attitudes towards food safety and their awareness of key food safety issues were identified with respect to children's lunchboxes. Using a data logger, temperature measurements were taken of a typical lunchbox over a school term to provide information about the temperature profile throughout the daily cycle of use. A lunchtime observation study provided detail about individual lunchboxes, their visual cleanliness, the types of debris left by children and the microbiology of the lunchbox itself.

Results: The study found that while the majority of parents were aware of the potential food safety risks associated with their child's lunchbox, they recognized that poor temperature control during the school day increased the food safety risks but they did not always take appropriate steps to manage this risk.

Conclusions: Despite there being no direct evidence of immediate food safety risks from this study, temperature control was a key food safety issue. The method and frequency of cleaning were also highlighted as areas of particular concern.
High quality welding of stainless steel with 10 kW high power fibre laser
Authors: Kawahito Y. , Mizutani M. , Katayama S.
Published: March 2009

The objectives of this research are to investigate penetration characteristics, to clarify welding phenomena and to develop high quality welding procedures in bead on plate welding of type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates with a 10 kW fibre laser beam. The penetration depth reached 18 mm at the maximum at 5 mm s−1. At 50 mm s−1 or lower welding speeds, however, porosity was generated at any fibre laser spot diameter. On the other hand, at 100 mm s−1 or higher welding speeds, underfilling and humping weld beads were formed under the conventionally and tightly focused conditions respectively. The generation of spatters was influenced mainly by a strong shear force of a laser induced plume and was greatly reduced by controlling direction of the plume blowing out of a keyhole inlet. The humping formation was dependent upon several dynamic or static factors, such as melt volume above the surface, strong melt flow to the rear molten pool on the top surface, solidification rate and narrow molten pool width and corresponding high surface tension. Its suppression was effective by producing a wider weld bead width under the defocused laser beam conditions or reduction of melt volume out of keyhole inlet under the full penetration welding conditions. Concerning porosity, X-ray transmission in situ observation images demonstrated that pores were formed not only from the tip of the keyhole but also at the middle part because of high power density. The keyhole behaviour was stabilised using a nitrogen shielding gas, resulting in porosity prevention. Consequently, to produce high quality welds in 10 kW high power fibre laser welding, the reduction procedures of welding defects were required on the basis of understanding their formation mechanism, and 10 kW fibre laser power could produce sound deeply penetrated welds of 18 mm depth in a nitrogen shielding gas.
Demanding the Impossible: Desire and Social Change
Authors: McNulty Tracy
Published: March 2009

The question at the core of this essay is whether the subjective stance of one person can initiate broad change or inspire collective action by means other than the group psychology, not by appealing to a particular set of values or ideals or by cementing the group through identification or libidinal cathexes but by foregrounding the experience of the desiring subject. It takes as its point of departure Jacques Lacan's definition of anxiety as “the affect that responds to the desire of the Other.” If love is about the strategies of seduction that sustain the imaginary coherence of the ego, desire is linked to the anxiety induced by the loss of the ego ideals and the encounter with castration. The corollary is that the practice of psychoanalysis is founded on the confrontation with the anxiety provoked by the desire of the Other and the assumption that only this can result in real change.

This article examines three examples of social tie that are structured around the desire of the founder and the anxiety it induces: the interdiction of sacrifice and the worship of an absent God in the religion of Moses, the role of the transference in Freud's invention of psychoanalysis, and the “love of the enemy” in the discourse of Jesus. The author argues that the clinical context sheds light on the violent resistance and repression that greeted the founding acts of Moses and Jesus and offers insight into the structural antagonism between the founder's desire and the possibility of a collective movement. The examples of Moses and Jesus in turn develop a dimension of the analytic experience that is not always given sufficient weight: that desire must find expression in an act or in the production of a new object that intervenes in the world so as to transform it.
Derrida and Lacan: An Impossible Friendship?
Authors: Shepherdson Charles
Published: March 2009

This article explores the relation between the work of Lacan and Derrida, focusing on the use of modal logic in both writers (the categories of necessity, impossibility, contingency, and possibility). The author explores the structure of the aporia in Derrida as a peculiar conjunction of necessity and impossibility, distinct from previous forms of contradiction (antinomies in Kant and dialectical contradiction in Hegel) and therefore historically situated in relation to the tradition of metaphysics. He argues that the other two modal categories, possibility and contingency, are largely absorbed by the aporia of necessity and impossibility. In Lacan, by contrast, modal categories are introduced in Encore, his notorious seminar on sexual difference, to develop the distinction between masculinity and femininity. The author argues that the sexuation graph of Encore, which is written in symbolic logic, is later redescribed by Lacan in modal terms, and this later description alters Lacan's initial presentation, allowing for greater flexibility among these categories. The essay shows that Lacan eventually presents a model of discursive transformation in which each modal category is capable of being shifted into another. This produces a model of discursive transformation that brings Lacan closer to Foucault than most commentators have acknowledged. The broader horizon of the argument concerns psychoanalysis and historical change, and the author argues that Foucault, Lacan, and Derrida all address the problem of history and that the relations among these thinkers deserve more attention than their polemical reception has allowed, particularly with regard to attacks on psychoanalysis as ahistorical.
Society of Choice
Authors: Salecl Renata
Published: March 2009

Postindustrial society thrives on the idea of choice. The individual is not only perceived as able to choose among various consumer objects; he or she is also taken as someone who can choose his or her identity, sexual orientation, body shape, and so on. In the ideology of postindustrial capitalism, one's life is perceived as a work of art and as a particular kind of enterprise. The overemphasis of choice, however, does not seem to bring contentment to the individual, but rather increases feelings of anxiety and insecurity. In order to appease feelings of anxiety, people often resort to following random advice on how to fashion their lives.

Psychoanalysis questions how the malaise of civilization affects the malaise of the individual and vice versa. A pessimistic conclusion about the changes in today's society holds that the increase of psychosis and of anxiety are related in a particular way to the ideology of choice. Psychoanalysis, however, has always understood choice in a complex way. Instead of perceiving the act of choosing as a purely rational gesture, psychoanalysis understands choice as linked to the unconscious. Since choice always involves a loss, it is per se anxiety provoking. Today's society has problems precisely with the idea of loss, which is why we see the emergence of options promising to impose control on what is often uncontrollable.
American Foreign Policy: Types, Choices, Futures, Priorities
Authors: Pranger Robert J.
Published: March 2009

A new American president will now confront the extraordinary complexity of his country's foreign policy. Presidents, even without foreign affairs backgrounds, have already formed ideas about basic directions that the nation's international policies should take, and it is these fundamental inclinations to which this essay addresses itself, an essay divided into four parts: (1) types of foreign policy, (2) some recent examples of presidential choices about direction, (3) future possibilities for a new administration that entered office in January 2009, and (4) limitations on the foreign policy choices of the new president—the old bugaboo of priorities.
American Universities Around the Mediterranean and Beyond: The Case for Support by the Obama Administration
Authors: Jackson Richard L.
Published: March 2009

The inauguration of President Barack Obama offers a historic opportunity to reshape America's interface with the world at large and to undo errors of commission, omission, and neglect of the past decade. US assets undervalued and underused in recent years will be rediscovered, including the network of accredited American colleges and universities around the globe: the Association of American International Colleges and Universities. This essay outlines the potential role of these institutions in shaping how the United States is seen in critical areas of the world and in serving as a beacon of American, private, nonprofit higher education. It also contains specific recommendations for how the Obama administration can strengthen, at minimal cost, the network of American institutions abroad without co-opting or using them as vehicles for US propaganda.
Hyperchromic Effect of Silyl Groups on the UV–Visible Spectrum of 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Yoshimura Kimio , Sato Kenta , Matsumoto Hideyuki
Published: March 2009

UV–visible spectra of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-silylphenyl)porphyrins and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-disilylphenyl)porphyrins were measured. Silyl groups were found to have a hyperchromic effect on the Soret band and the Q band of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin.
Enhanced Absorption and Emission in a Copper Phthalocyanine–Gold Nanoparticle System Assisted by Localized Surface Plasmon
Authors: Sugawa Kosuke , Kawahara Tomoaki , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Motoyasu , Takahara Atsushi , Yamada Sunao
Published: March 2009

Localized surface plasmon resonance leads to an increase in the degree of photon absorption and concomitant emission in copper phthalocyanine–gold nanoparticle systems.
Synthesis of Oxindoles by Palladium-catalyzed C–H Bond Amidation
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Ito Yoshiteru , Murakami Masahiro
Published: March 2009

Treatment of N-tosylphenylacetamide derivatives with copper(II) acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium(II) acetate affords 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. The reaction proceeds through the intramolecular metallation of an aromatic C–H bond and the following C–N bond formation by reductive elimination.
Thermally Induced Self-assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Sputter-deposited in Ionic Liquids on Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite Surfaces
Authors: Okazaki Ken-ichi , Kiyama Tomonori , Suzuki Toshimasa , Kuwabata Susumu , Torimoto Tsukasa
Published: March 2009

Gold nanoparticles sputter-deposited in ionic liquids were densely immobilized on the surface of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by spreading the ionic liquid containing Au nanoparticles on HOPG and then heating. The density of immobilized Au particles was greatly dependent on the kind of ionic liquid used, and their size was controlled by the heating temperature. The resulting nanoparticle films were stable and electrochemically active for oxygen reduction.
A Cluster Model DFT Study for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Miura Toshiko , Takeuchi Nobuyuki , Yamabe Tokio
Published: March 2009

The equilibrium (reversible) potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt electrodes was evaluated using small cluster models and DFT calculations. For the five elementary reactions, O2→OOH, OOH→O+H2O, OOH→HOOH, O→OH, and OH→H2O, the estimated equilibrium potentials were 0.41, 1.99, −0.35, 1.36, and −0.01 V. Comparing to the standard electrode potential for O2 reduction, 1.23 V, the OOH and H2O formations contribute to the overpotential, and HOOH formation does not prevail.
Why Do Consumers Buy Counterfeit Luxury Brands?
Authors: Wilcox Keith , Kim Hyeong Min , Sen Sankar
Published: March 2009

This research demonstrates that consumers’ desire for counterfeit luxury brands hinges on the social motivations (i.e., to express themselves and/or to fit in) underlying their luxury brand preferences. In particular, the authors show that both consumers’ preferences for a counterfeit brand and the subsequent negative change in their preferences for the real brand are greater when their luxury brand attitudes serve a social-adjustive rather than a value-expressive function. In addition, consumers’ moral beliefs about counterfeit consumption affect their counterfeit brand preferences only when their luxury brand attitudes serve a value-expressive function. Finally, the authors demonstrate that the social functions served by consumers’ luxury brand attitudes can be influenced by elements of the marketing mix (e.g., product design, advertising), thus enabling marketers to curb the demand for counterfeit brands through specific marketing-mix actions.
Corrosion Testing and Evaluation: Silver Anniversary Volume
Authors: Baboian R , Dean SW
Published: March 2009

Description

Corrosion experts from many field review corrosion testing and evaluation in the publication from ASTM. 30 papers appear in 5 sections: Corrosion Data and Evaluation; Corrosion in Environment; Atmospheric Tests; Laboratory Tests; and Electrochemical Tests.
Insulation Materials, Testing and Applications
Authors: McElroy DL , Kimpflen JF
Published: March 2009

Description

STP 1030 provides the insulation community with an update on residential, commercial, and industrial application. Includes 50 papers on new materials assessments and properties of foams, properties and models, loose-fill behavior, systems performance testing, building applications and user interests, and industrial applications and tests.
Surface Characteristics of Roadways: International Research and Technologies
Authors: Meyer WE , Reichert J
Published: March 2009

Description

40 papers on the characteristics of pavement surfaces, methods of measuring and interpreting them, and how to apply the resulting data in pavement management. Chapters include: Skid Resistance and Texture; Pavement Roughness, Field Economy, Noise, and other Related Subjects.
Exterior Wall Systems: Glass and Concrete Technology, Design, and Construction
Authors: Donaldson B
Published: March 2009

Description

In recent years the design of exterior walls has incorporated more diverse materials and complex building technology than ever before. The use of metal, glass, stone, concrete, and masonry in the building facade challenges architects, engineers, manufacturers, and contractors to better understand materials and systems. STP 1034 reflects this trend and provides the building industry with information and solutions based on actual building projects. 14 peer-reviewed papers written by experts in the design and technology of exterior wall systems cover design concerns of exterior wall systems; testing and analysis; structural sealant glazing; stone selection; and precast and composite concrete wall systems. Each paper uses case studies to illustrate the successes and failures of exterior wall systems. For architects, engineers, manufacturers, and contractors.
Dynamic Elastic Modulus Measurements in Materials
Authors: Wolfenden A
Published: March 2009

Description

Documents theoretical and experimental techniques used for practicing, analyzing or measuring elastic modulus in solid materials. 15 papers offer guidance in the selection of appropriate methods of modulus where temperature, frequency and strain amplitude are of concern.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Science and Engineering
Authors: Lisagor WB , Crooker TW , Leis BN
Published: March 2009

Description

Environmentally assisted cracking is one of the most serious causes of structural failure over a broad range of industrial applications. STP 1049 will help you understand and control this phenomenon, by providing you with a sampling of the latest research in corrosion-fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking science and technologies.
Surface-Crack Growth: Models, Experiments, and Structures
Authors: Reuter WG , Underwood JH , Newman JC
Published: March 2009

Description

Helps those responsible for predicting structural integrity understand the most common type of crack growth in structural components. 22 papers divided into sections on Models and Experiments, and Fatigue Crack Growth.
Masonry: Components to Assemblages
Authors: Matthys JH
Published: March 2009

Description

Presents 28 papers that address: recent developments in materials, components, and performance of assemblages • up to date material on new test method development and review and design philosophy • performance of conventional and new materials under ASTM specifications • substantiation and/or deficiencies of existing ASTM test methods • problem areas in masonry and proposed solutions • and structural design and analysis methodologies.
Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete
Authors: Berke NS , Chaker V , Whiting D
Published: March 2009

Description

Can help you use data to better predict rates of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. 11 papers on methods of determining corrosion rates of steel in concrete, plus other issues of interest such as: chloride ingress; effects of pozzolans; concrete properties; corrosion inhibitors; different metals and repair techniques; and mechanisms of corrosion. For research engineers, electrochemists, instrumentation developers, civil engineers; also facilities owners and structural engineers.
Laser Techniques in Luminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Vo-Dinh T , Eastwood D
Published: March 2009

Description

Laser techniques in luminescence from high-resolution methods, photolytic fragmentation to thermal lensing and capillary electrophoresis applications, and recent developments in time- and phase-resolution methodologies. Applications of laser fluorescence techniques to environmental materials, criminalistics, combustion studies, fiber optics, cancer research, and materials science. For spectroscopists (applied); analytical chemists; physicists; physical chemists; optical engineers.
Air Change Rate and Airtightness in Buildings
Authors: Sherman MH
Published: March 2009

Description

Information on state-of-the-art techniques for measuring air change rates. Many papers contain measured data on either airtightness or air change rates, some from large datasets. Papers also address the error associated with making field measurement using various techniques. 22 peer-reviewed papers appear in sections on tracer gas techniques, air exchange rate measurement, residential airtightness, multizone leakage, and comparison of techniques. For blower door contractors, researchers, specification writers, government agencies.
Buildings Sealants: Materials, Properties, and Performance
Authors: O'Connor TF
Published: March 2009

Description

Major concerns of the sealant industry -- the use of sealants for structural sealant glazing; identification and quantification of the effects of movement on sealants; continuing laboratory investigation of sealant performance under various environmental factors; and the inservice performance of sealants -- are addressed in this peer-reviewed publication from ASTM. For sealant manufacturers, glazing contractors, architects, building owners, waterproofing contractors, curtain wall contractors, sealant testing laboratories, and glass fabricators.
Natural and Artificial Playing Fields: Characteristics and Safety Features
Authors: Schmidt RC , Hoerner EF , Milner EM , Morehouse CA
Published: March 2009

Description

What is the ideal surface for a particular sport for both the performance and safety of the athlete? STP 1073 presents the view of designers, administrators, athletes, and sports researchers in an attempt to answer this question.

19 peer-reviewed papers cover:

• playing field standards

• surface traction

• testing and correlation to actual field experience

• state-of-the art natural and artificial surfaces.

For athletic directors, physical educators, athletic field maintenance/ground keepers, biomechanics, researchers, exercise physiologists, manufacturers of sport shoes, sports medicine practitioners, agronomists who are working in this area.
Geosynthetics: Microstructure and Performance
Authors: Peggs ID
Published: March 2009

Description

13 peer-reviewed papers on the effects of structural parameters of fibers, geotextiles, and geomembranes on the short and long term performance of finished geosynthetic products.

Papers include:

• Service Life of Geosynthetics in Hazardous Waste Management Facilities

• Is Microstructure Important to the Performance of Geosynthetics?

• Thermal Analysis of Nonwoven Polyester Geotextiles

• Density Polyethylene: Physical Property Sensing Techniques

• and Brittle Fracture in Polyethylene Geomembranes.

For geosynthetic manufacturers, consulting civil and geotechnical engineers, geosynthetic testing laboratory personnel, hazardous and municipal waste landfill owners and operators, liquid impoundment operators, mining companies with heap leach pads, state environmental regulators, and state transportation engineers.
Liquid Particle Size Measurement Techniques: 2nd Volume
Authors: Hirleman ED , Bachalo WD , Felton PG
Published: March 2009

Description

Covers important diagnostic techniques currently in use for detailed spray characterization. 19 papers in section on:

• Calibration and Standardization

• Spray Diagnostics

• Ensemble Scattering Techniques

• Optical Single Particle Analyzers
Quantitative Methods in Fractography
Authors: Strauss BM , Putatunda SK
Published: March 2009

Description

Presents the thinking a methodology employed today in evaluation fractographic features. 9 papers view recent developments in quantitative fractography and computed tomography in composites, as well as fractographic features in HY-100 steel and 2024 aluminum to the critical strain energy density.
Applications of Automation Technology to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Authors: Braun AA , Ashbaugh NE , Smith FM
Published: March 2009

Description

Presents useful information on the uses of automation technology for materials characterization. 17 papers cover: systems implementations • analysis and simulation • applications • and laboratory systems and information management. Provides the reader with both specific and general information regarding state-of-the art materials testing using automation technology.
Physico-Chemical Aspects of Soil and Related Materials
Authors: Hoddinott KB , Lamb RO
Published: March 2009

Description

Provides information on physico-chemical interactions and their test methods. Chemical changes in soil such as pH, lime additions, salinity, and their effects on physical properties (such as mechanical behavior, swelling, compressibility, plasticity, and strength) are discussed in detail.

14 peer-reviewed papers cover:

• lime and lime-like materials

• bentonite/natural clay

• and general soil tests.

For geotechnical engineers, environmental engineers, civil engineers, professors.
Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Thirteenth Volume
Authors: Landis WG , van der Schalie WH
Published: March 2009

Description

Provides important information for conducting hazard and risk assessment. This volume reflects the increasing emphasis on the development of new techniques to examine the molecular and cellular effects of toxicants.
Statistical Sampling: Past, Present and Future Theoretical and Practical
Authors: Kowalewski MJ
Published: March 2009

Description

Explanations, amplifications, and applications on statistical sampling. 8 peer-reviewed papers include:

• Gy's Particulate Material sampling Theory

• Acceptance Sampling--Past, Present, and Future

• Skip Lot Sampling

• History and Perspective

• Sampling Terms of Reference
Geophysical Applications for Geotechnical Investigations
Authors: Paillet FL , Saunders WR
Published: March 2009

Description

This practical volume applies geophysical techniques to hazardous waste site investigations, highway bridge foundations, and water quality.

Seven peer-reviewed papers in a section on Surface Geophysics and Borehole Geophysics discuss:

• in situ soil testing

• measurement of engineering properties in rocks and sediments

• earthquake/seismic sensitivity of soils

• water quality monitoring

• and site characterization for hazardous waste studies.

For hydrologists, hydrogeologists, civil engineers, and soil test engineers working in site characterization, construction foundation, or water supply areas.
Monitoring Water in the 1990's: Meeting New Challenges
Authors: Glysson D , Hall JR
Published: March 2009

Description

11 chapters:

• General Specifications, Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods

• Sampling of Water and Water-Formed Deposits, and Surveillance of Water

• Methods of Radiochemical Analysis

• Inorganic Constituents in Water

• Methods for Analysis for Organic substances in Water

• Sediments

• Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

• Saline Water and Water for Subsurface Injection

• Standards for Water Power Generation and Processes

• Water Microbiology

• Identification of Waterborne Oils.
Food Packaging Technology
Authors: Henyon DK
Published: March 2009

Description

The revolutions in food packaging and marketing are posing new challenges to food safety assurance. The food package itself can be a potential danger. What is the safety provided by the package and its interaction with the food it contains? These issues are addressed in 9 papers on emerging technologies in the food package industry.
Elastic-Plastic Fracture Test Methods: The User's Experience (Second Volume)
Authors: Joyce JA
Published: March 2009

Description

Presents papers from experts who share their practical experiences with the testing of elastic plastic and fully plastic materials. 20 papers cover:

• Experience with standard test methods

• Suggestions for improvements and modifications

• Possible redefinition of the limits of applicability

• Applications to a range of materials including polymers
Current Practices in Ground Water and Vadose Zone Investigations
Authors: Nielsen DM , Sara MN
Published: March 2009

Description

28 peer-reviewed papers on:

• Improving the Quality of Ground-Water Investigations

• Surface and Borehole Geophysics in Ground-Water Investigations

• Direct Push Technology in Ground-Water Investigations

• Ground-Water Monitoring Wall Design and Installation

• Water-Level Measurement and Ground Water Sampling

• Determination of Hydraulic Parameters

• Statistical Evaluation of Ground-Water Data
Analysis of Paints and Related Materials: Current Techniques for Solving Coatings Problems
Authors: Golton WC
Published: March 2009

Description

Discuses techniques and instruments used to analyze and characterize paints, coatings, and related materials. 11 peer-reviewed papers are presented in 4 sections:

• Analysis and Characterization of Whole Paint

• Analysis and Characterization of Paint Components

• Cure Characterization, Durability and Coating Problems

• Paint Failure and Defects
Access Security Screening: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Tsacoumis TP
Published: March 2009

Description

11 papers cover weapon detection systems, explosive detection systems, and imaging X-ray systems.
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Ninth International Symposium
Authors: Eucken CM , Garde AM
Published: March 2009

Description

36 papers from the most significant body of technical literature on zirconium alloy properties. Sections include: Fabrication, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion.
Materials Characterization by Thermomechanical Analysis
Authors: Riga AT , Neag MC
Published: March 2009

Description

Examines the uses of thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and thermodilatometry in materials science. Includes 15 papers on instrumentation, techniques, and applications of TMA in characterizing inorganic and polymeric materials.
Aviation Fuel: Thermal Stability Requirements
Authors: Kirklin PW , David P
Published: March 2009

Description

This publication from ASTM presents up-to-date information on jet fuel thermal stability and its relevance to today’s and future engines and aircraft. There are sections on Aviation Engine Considerations; Manufacturing and Distribution Considerations; ASTM D 3241, the JFTOT Test; and Nonspecification Tests for Aviation Fuel Thermal Stability.
Computerization and Networking of Materials Databases: Third Volume
Authors: Barry TI , Reynard KW
Published: March 2009

Description

Materials information is a commercial resource comparable with the finance, plant and the workforce, and it needs management to be used efficiently. The nomenclature and data required to characterize materials and their properties are complex, which makes the need for standards for the exchange and use of data particularly pressing.
Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil
Authors: Daniel DE , Trautwein SJ
Published: March 2009

Description

Interest in hydraulic conductivity of soils and waste contaminant transport has increased substantially in recent years, largely due to environmental concerns. Assessments of potential contamination at a site are possible only if accurate information is available concerning the hydraulic conductivity of subsoils.

STP 1142 provides this information, including detailed coverage of methods for determining the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the laboratory and in the field. This publication describes testing methods, test results, and case histories. Applications include water, chemical, and leachate movement through soil.

28 peer-reviewed papers cover:

• Methods for determining hydraulic conductivity of saturated soils in the laboratory

• Waste-soil interactions that can alter hydraulic conductivity

• Assessment of hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soils, including laboratory and field methods for evaluating hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils

• In-situ hydraulic conductivity tests for compacted soil liners and caps.

• Hydraulic conductivity testing for vertical cutoff walls, including procedures dealing with potential testing errors.

• Methods for determining the hydraulic conductivity of natural geologic deposits

• Effects of environmental stresses such as freeze-thaw

• Specialized problems in hydraulic conductivity testing, such as electrokinetic coupling, influence of distortion in the soils, and measuring the hydraulic conductivity of bentonites.
Wear and Friction of Elastomers
Authors: Denton R , Keshavan MK
Published: March 2009

Description

In spite of the complexities, useful and appropriate wear testing can be performed to evaluate materials for various engineering applications.

The 7 peer-reviewed papers in this volume: explore standardization issues on the measurement of elastomeric wear and friction; review test methods used by researchers to understand test parameters that affect wear and friction of elastomers; increase the understanding of fundamental properties of elastomers and its effect on wear and friction.

For elastomer/plastic manufacturers, engineers; R&D facilities; petrochemical industry managers/engineers. Also for tribologists and lubrication engineers.