bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearing masks as a protective measure for children against traffic‐related air pollution: A comparison of perceptions between school children and their caregivers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Le Hong H. T. C. , Vien Nguyen Truong , Dang Tran Ngoc , Ware Robert S. , Phung Dung , Thai Phong K. , Ranganathan Sarath , Vinh Nguyen Nhu , Dung Phan Hoang Thuy , Thanh Huynh Ngoc , Dung Truong Thi Thuy , Hien To Thi , Sly Peter D. , Le An Pham
Published: August 2023

Background

Traffic‐related air pollution (TRAP) problems are unlikely to be solved in the short term, making it imperative to educate children on protective measures to mitigate the negative impact on their health. Children and their caregivers may hold differing views on wearing a face mask as a safeguard against air pollution. While many studies have focused on predicting children's health‐protective behaviours against air pollution, few have explored the differences in perceptions between children and their caregivers.

Objectives

To examine this, we conducted a study that compared the health beliefs of two generations and evaluated the factors that influence the use of masks by children to reduce air pollution exposure.

Methods

The study was conducted in 24 secondary schools and involved 8420 children aged 13–14 and their caregivers. We used a Health Belief Model (HBM)‐based instrument containing 17‐item self‐administered health beliefs questionnaires to gather data. The results were analysed using hierarchical logistic regression to determine the probability of children frequently wearing masks to protect against TRAP.

Results

Our study showed both children and caregivers recognised that several factors could influence mask‐wearing among children: discomfort or difficulty breathing while wearing a mask and forgetting to bring a mask when going outside; perceived threats of the poor quality of air and children's respiratory health problems; and cues to mask use (i.e., seeing most of their friends wearing facemasks and ease of finding masks in local stores). However, only children were significantly concerned with public perception of their appearance while wearing a mask. Females were more likely to wear masks, and caregivers with higher levels of education were more likely to encourage their children to wear masks. Children who commuted to schools by walking, biking, or motorbiking were also more accepting of mask‐wearing than those who travelled by car or bus.

Conclusions

Children and their caregivers hold different perceptions of wearing masks to protect against air pollution. Children are more susceptible to social judgements regarding their appearance when wearing a mask.
How exporters neutralised an increase in tariffs
Authors: Minondo Asier
Published: August 2023

I use the unanticipated and large additional tariffs the US imposed on European Union products due to the Airbus‐Boeing conflict to analyse how exporters reacted to a change in trade policy. Using firm‐level data for Spain and applying a difference‐in‐differences methodology, I show that the export revenue in the US of the firms affected by the tariff hike did not significantly decrease relative to the one of other Spanish exporters to the US. I show that Spanish exporters were able to neutralise the increase in tariffs by substituting Spanish products with products originated in countries unaffected by tariffs and shifting to varieties not affected by tariffs. My results show that tariff avoidance is another margin exporters can use to counteract the effects of a tariff hike.
Ultrasonographic features of the regressing yolk sac of normal captive Brown kiwi chicks (Apteryx mantelli) vary with age
Authors: Short Emily , Owen Mark , Vallee Emilie , Bolwell Charlotte , Morgan Kerri J
Published: August 2023

Brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) are a culturally significant ratite species endemic to New Zealand. Chicks can develop diseases of the yolk sac which can be fatal if not promptly recognized and treated. Ultrasound examination of the yolk sac is an important component in the evaluation of chicks with suspected yolk sac disease. However, there are currently no reports of the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the regressing yolk sac in this species. The objective of this prospective reference interval study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the yolk sac in brown kiwi chicks. Focused coelomic sonographic examinations were performed on 29 healthy chicks from >1 day of age until the yolk sac was completely absorbed or was <1 mL in volume. 41.6% (57/137) of yolks were round/ovoid in shape and 58.6% (80/137) had lobulated margins with invaginations. All yolks (137/137) were hyperechoic relative to adjacent coelomic structures. The heterogeneity of the echogenicity of the yolk was significantly associated with age (increased heterogeneity in younger birds) and was homogeneous, mildly heterogeneous, and moderately heterogeneous in 33% (46/138), 46% (63/138), and 21% (29/138) of all examinations respectively. Intrasac anechoic pockets were seen in 14% (20/139) of yolk sacs. The rate of yolk sac resorption slowed with age. In all examinations identifying a completely absorbed yolk sac or a yolk sac <1 mL in volume, chicks were less than 21 days old. The results of this study provide a reference of normal for the sonographic appearance of the yolk sac in captive brown kiwi chicks.
Expert opinion on the identification, risk assessment, and mitigation of microorganisms and parasites relevant to xenotransplantation products from pigs
Authors: Groenendaal Huybert , Costard Solenne , Ballard Reid , Bienhoff Stephen , Challen Diana C. , Dominguez Brandon J. , Kern Douglas R. , Miller Dan , Noordergraaf Jeske , Rudenko Larisa , Schuurman Henk‐Jan , Spizzo Tom , Sturos Matthew , Zollers Bill , Fishman Jay A.
Published: August 2023

Xenotransplantation has the potential to address shortages of organs available for clinical transplantation, but concerns exist regarding potential risks posed by porcine microorganisms and parasites (MP) to the health of human recipients. In this study, a risk‐based framework was developed, and expert opinion was elicited to evaluate porcine MP based on swine exposure and risk to human health. Experts identified 255 MP to include in the risk assessment. These were rated by experts for five criteria regarding potential swine exposure in the USA and human health risks. MP were subsequently categorized into three risk mitigation groups according to pre‐defined rules: disqualifying porcine MP (due to their pathogenic potential, n = 130); non‐disqualifying porcine MP (still relevant to consider for biosecurity or monitoring efforts, n = 40); and alert/watch list (not reported in the USA or MP not in swine, n = 85). Most disqualifying (n = 126) and non‐disqualifying (n = 36) porcine MP can effectively be eliminated with high biosecurity programs. This approach supports surveillance and risk mitigation strategies for porcine MP in swine produced for xenotransplantation, such as documentation of freedom from porcine MP, or use of porcine MP screening, monitoring, or elimination options. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first effort to comprehensively identify all relevant porcine MP systematically and transparently evaluate the risk of infection of both donor animals and immunosuppressed human recipients, and the potential health impacts for immunosuppressed human recipients from infected xenotransplantation products from pigs.
Physics-Informed Machine Learning for Surrogate Modeling of Heat Transfer Phenomena
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki , Hirohata Kenji , Ito Yasutaka , Hato Takehiro , Kano Akira
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a sparse modeling method for automatically creating a surrogate model for nonlinear time-variant systems from a very small number of time series data with nonconstant time steps. We developed three machine learning methods, namely, (1) a data preprocessing method for considering the correlation between errors, (2) a sequential thresholded non-negative least-squares method based on term size criteria, and (3) a solution space search method involving similarity model classification—to apply sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems, as first proposed in 2016, to temperature prediction simulations. The proposed method has the potential for wide application to fields where the concept of equivalent circuits can be applied. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using time series data obtained by thermofluid analysis of a power module. Two types of cooling systems were verified: forced air cooling and natural air cooling. The model created from the thermofluid analysis results with fewer than the number of input parameters, predicted multiple test data, including extrapolation, with a mean error of less than 1 K. Because the proposed method can be applied using a very small number of data, has a high extrapolation accuracy, and is easy to interpret, it is expected not only that design parameter can be fine-tuned and actual loads can be taken into account, but also that condition-based maintenance can be realized through real-time simulation.
Rotating Instabilities in Shrouded Low Pressure Turbine at Design and Off-Design Conditions
Authors: Perini Maxime , Binder Nicolas , Bousquet Yannick , Schwartz Eric
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to analyze the rotating instabilities that may occur inside shroud cavities above rotors of low-pressure turbine configurations. Unsteady simulations have been carried out at design and off-design conditions on two configurations, one being a multi-stage configuration. Unsteady flow structures, uncorrelated from blade passing frequencies and depending on operating points, are identified in every rotor tip shroud cavity. Similarities regarding flow patterns and interactions with the main flow are observed: hot spots of gas having different azimuthal extend come from the tip shroud cavity and rotate at the interface with the main flow path. The influence on the main flow and the origin of these instabilities are discussed. The study at off-design operating points deepens the analysis and allows the identification of physical parameters which drive the instability.
#DCD/Dyspraxia in Real Life: Twitter Users’ Unprompted Expression of Experiences With Motor Differences
Authors: Tamplain Priscila M. , Fears Nicholas E. , Robinson Promise , Chatterjee Riya , Lichtenberg Gavin , Miller Haylie L.
Published: August 2023

Little is known about adults’ experiences with developmental coordination disorder (DCD; sometimes also referred to as dyspraxia). Social media is an accessible opportunity for those who identify as dyspraxic or as having DCD to provide valuable insight into the lifespan impact of this condition on functional ability, participation, compensatory strategies, and well-being. We used the Twitter research application programming interface to identify users who self-identified with the keywords Developmental Coordination Disorder, #DCD, #dyspraxic (or # dyspraxia), or clumsy in their profile descriptions between October 10 and November 10, 2021. During that period, 818 tweets were harvested with 524 remaining after removing duplicates (e.g., multiple promotions of a single resource) and unrelated tweets. They were labeled according to motor differences (general motor, coordination, fine motor skills, oral motor skills, manual dexterity, driving, gross motor skills, movement pain and fatigue, posture and balance, and lower extremity); functional impact (advocacy/awareness, support for others, resources, information, and education, intervention, accommodation, and work); or other related topics (stimming and sensory, co-occurrence and diagnostic overlap, cognitive, social and communication speech, and emotional and mental health). The DCD/dyspraxic community has clearly identified a lifelong impact of motor differences across multiple contexts. DCD/dyspraxic Twitter users shared compensatory strategies that could help others, and offered insight into their experience of co-occurring conditions and cognitive/emotional sequelae of motor challenges.
Framing Course Content on Diversity and Inclusion: Varying Outcomes From Teaching on Disability in Sport Management
Authors: Hayes Sauder Molly , DeLuca Jaime R.
Published: August 2023

Diversity and inclusion are identified as necessary for enhancing the sport industry. Undergraduate sport management programs play an important role in educating aspiring sport professionals with respect to these topics. However, the literature indicates that sport management education can improve with respect to this work. Therefore, the purpose of this instructional technique review is to discuss two comparable teaching activities that sought to incorporate diversity and inclusion education into the content area of disability and sport-related compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Student feedback showed that despite similarities between the activities (i.e., active engagement with the Americans with Disabilities Act as it pertains to sport facilities), students had substantially different reported learning outcomes related to diversity and inclusion. This review is thus designed to illustrate the importance of deliberate framing decisions in the sport management classroom, which can have a transformative impact on students’ learning around diversity and inclusion content.
Thin jets underlie the solar wind
Authors: Ugarte-Urra Ignacio , Wang Yi-Ming
Published: August 2023

Solar Orbiter images reveal widespread magnetic plasma jets at the roots of the solar wind
Cyberattack shutters major telescopes
Authors: Zhao Celina , Gupta Tanvi Dutta
Published: August 2023

Denied remote access, astronomers struggling to prevent loss of valuable observing time
Provenance of Devonian−Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the Tarija Basin, southern Bolivia: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana
Authors: García Zavaleta Arnold , Hauser Natalia , Roddaz Martin , Gonçalves Guilherme O. , Aparicio González Pamela , Baby Patrice , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Puma Felipe , Bravo Patricia , Humerez Melvy
Published: August 2023

The western margin of SW Gondwana was a place of active convergence between the Gondwana shield and the oceanic lithosphere of the Panthalassa Ocean during most of the Paleozoic. However, several studies have indicated that especially to the north of latitude 22°S, the Devonian−early Carboniferous was a time of relative quiescence without magmatic activity, metamorphism, or deformation. This interval has been termed the “Devonian Problem.” As the Devonian−Carboniferous is extensively well represented by over 4000-m-thick sedimentary sequences in the Tarija Basin in the Southern Bolivian Subandean Zone, provenance analyses—U-Pb isotope analysis on detrital zircon, Sr-Nd whole-rock isotope analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD)—were conducted on stratigraphically controlled sedimentary units to attempt to constrain the tectonic setting of the basin during that time. U-Pb on zircon provenance analysis indicates that only the Carboniferous units show input from comparatively young sources (<14%), with ages between 420 Ma and 320 Ma, which can be correlated with a Devonian magmatic arc. The dominant source areas for Devonian−Carboniferous sediment were the Sierras Pampeanas to the southwest and the Arequipa-Antofalla Massif and Famatinian Arc to the west, besides a few zircon grains (<18% of dates) that were possibly derived from pre-Andean inliers with ages typically >1800 Ma. The combined Sr-Nd isotope and XRD results for the pelites and the multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis indicate that the Carboniferous units most likely represent reworked material from older units, with a minor contribution from the western part of the basin. All currently available data lead us to propose that the Tarija Basin developed during the Devonian−Carboniferous in a foreland basin setting related to the convergent margin, with important glacial sedimentary input from the continent during the Carboniferous. The absence of a contribution from a concomitant magmatic arc for the Devonian units of the Tarija Basin and the scarce magmatic zircon input (<14%) into the Carboniferous units indicate a shift from flat-slab subduction during the Devonian to normal subduction during the Carboniferous following complete delamination of the flat slab. Our comparison of the detrital record for the Tarija Basin with that of the Paraná, Chaco-Paraná, Sauce Grande, Paganzo, Navidad Arizaro, Madre de Dios, and Karoo basins supports an active margin setting for the SW margin of Gondwana during this time interval.
Similarities and differences in skeletal muscle and body composition between sexes: an MRI study of recreational cyclists
Authors: Belzunce Martin Alberto , Henckel Johann , Di Laura Anna , Horga Laura Maria , Hart Alister James
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate whether there are muscle mass differences between male and female recreational cyclists and compare muscle quality and body composition in the pelvis region between two well-matched groups of fit and healthy male and female adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 45 female and 42 male recreational cyclists. The inclusion criteria for both groups were to have cycled more than 7000 km in the last year, have an absence of injuries and other health problems, have no contraindication to MRI, and be 30–65 years old. Our main outcome measures were fat fraction, as a measure of intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and volume of the gluteal muscles measured using Dixon MRI. The gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume was evaluated as a secondary measure.

Results

We found that there were no sex differences in the IMF content of gluteus maximus (GMAX, p=0.42), gluteus medius (GMED, p=0.69) and gluteus minimus (GMIN, p=0.06) muscles, despite females having more gluteal SAT (p<0.01). Males had larger gluteal muscles than females (p<0.01), but no differences were found when muscle volume was normalised by body weight (GMAX, p=0.54; GMED, p=0.14; GMIN, p=0.19).

Conclusions

Our study shows that despite the recognised hormonal differences between males and females, there is sex equivalence in the muscle mass and quality of the gluteal muscles when matched for exercise and body weight. This new MRI study provides key information to better understand similarities and differences in skeletal muscle and body composition between sexes.
The nose knows: a review of the diversity, form, and function of the external and internal features of the bat nose
Authors: Dzal Yvonne A. , Gillam Erin H.
Published: August 2023

Dr. M. Brock Fenton has been intrigued by the diversity of bats throughout his long career, and has combined his research and photography skills to capture the extensive morphological diversity found across the order Chiroptera. In this paper, we honour Brock’s fascination with diversity by conducting a review of the external and internal characteristics of the bat nose, a morphological feature that Brock’s photographs have beautifully captured in many bat species. Specifically, we explore variation in form and function of the bat rostrum and its role in respiration, echolocation, and olfaction in bats, with an emphasis on the noseleaves of nasal-emitting echolocators, as well as how turbinate morphology may be impacted by nasophonation. While our review is not an extensive dive into all that is known about bat noses, our goal is to highlight the diversity we see in form across the order Chiroptera while exploring how function has been shaped by selection, particularly in relation to mode of echolocation signal emission.
Comment on: “Effects of the Kaluza–Klein theory on a Klein–Gordon particle with position-dependent mass”
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we argue that the results shown in [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34, 1950319 (2019)] are not correct. The truncation of the Frobenius method only yields some particular bound states from which one cannot derive any sound physical conclusion. The existence of allowed model parameters is an artifact of such procedure. Besides, the authors failed to obtain most of the solutions given by the truncation of the Frobenius series as well as their connection with the actual eigenvalues of the problem.
Verification Column
Authors: Baier Christel
Published: August 2023

Many verification problems can be formulated as a language inclusion problem where the task is to decide whether the language of the system model (given by the runs of the system) is contained in the language induced by a logical specification. The corresponding verification problem for non-functional properties is the quantitative inclusion problem where both the system model and the specification are given by weighted automata and the task is to decide whether the weight for each input string in the automaton for the system is less than that in the automaton for the specification. Here, the weight of a string is defined as an aggregate value of the weights assigned to the states and/or transitions in that string. So, the essential task of the quantitative inclusion problem is to compare the aggregate weight of two input strings.

Comparator automata yield an elegant automata-based approach to reason about multiple instances of the quantitative inclusion problem and other algorithmic problems for weighted structures. Speaking roughly, they are defined as automata that take as input two infinite weighted sequences and relate their aggregate values. Among others, they have used to introduce generic algorithms for quantitative inclusion problems and other verification problems for weighted system models. The article by Sugumal Bansal presents an introduction to comparator automata and a summary of their application areas.
Terrestrial Phosphorus Cycling: Responses to Climatic Change
Authors: Menge Duncan N.L. , Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Taylor Benton N. , Akana Palani R. , Butler Ayanna , Carreras Pereira K.A. , Cooley Savannah S. , Lau Vanessa M. , Lauterbach Emma L.
Published: August 2023

Phosphorus (P) limits productivity in many ecosystems and has the potential to constrain the global carbon sink. The magnitude of these effects depends on how climate change and rising CO2 affect P cycling. Some effects are well established. First, P limitation often constrains CO2 fertilization, and rising CO2 often exacerbates P limitation. Second, P limitation and P constraints to CO2 fertilization are more common in warmer and wetter sites. Models that couple P cycling to vegetation generally capture these outcomes. However, due largely to differences between short-term and long-term dynamics, the patterns observed across climatic gradients do not necessarily indicate how climate change over years to decades will modify P limitation. These annual-to-decadal effects are not well understood. Furthermore, even for the well-understood patterns, much remains to be learned about the quantitative details, mechanisms, and drivers of variability. The interface between empirical and modeling work is particularly ripe for development.
Remote vs. face-to-face activities in the teaching of renal pathophysiology in the context of social isolation during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haydar Ahmed , Santos Itamar Souza , Arcon Luis Carlos , Martins Mílton de Arruda , Tempski Patricia Zen , Zatz Roberto
Published: August 2023

In this study, we were able to make a rare direct comparison of face-to-face and remote strategies for the teaching of undergraduate medical students in a specific area, namely, renal pathophysiology. Unexpectedly, students who attended the remote course had significantly higher grades than those who had mostly in-person classes.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Syphilis among Mothers with Missed Opportunities for Antenatal Syphilis Testing in Rural Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hakizimana Theoneste , Muhumuza Joy , Selamo Fabrice Molen , Ishimwe Marie Pascaline Sabine , Kajabwangu Rogers , Jelle Osman Mohamud , Muhumuza Joshua , Kiyaka Sonye Magugu , Nyakato Sandra , Fajardo Yarine
Published: August 2023

Background. Early prenatal syphilis testing and treatment are essential preventative measures for maternal syphilis and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnancy; however, data shows that two-thirds of all cases are missed among women who visit prenatal care center at least once but are not tested for syphilis. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis infection among mothers with missed opportunities for antenatal syphilis testing in rural western Uganda delivered at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital (FRRH). Methods. A cross-sectional study was done during the period from April 2022 to June 2022. A total of 124 participants had been recruited consecutively from postnatal ward of FRRH. Pretested questionnaires were used to obtain information on data required for analysis. Venous blood sampling (2 ml taken from the forearm using anticoagulant free vacutainer) was done for all mothers who missed opportunity for prenatal syphilis testing using both RPR and TPHA. Descriptive statistics followed by binary logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results. The prevalence of syphilis infection was 27 (21.8%). After adjusted analysis, having more than one sexual partners in the past one year was associated with higher odds of syphilis infection (

aOR
=
24.922

, 95% CI: 4.462-139.201,

p
<
0.001

), and staying with the partner was found to be associated with lower odds of syphilis infection (

aOR
=
0.213

, 95% CI: 0.040-1.142,

p
=
0.050

). Conclusions. The study identified high prevalence of syphilis infection among mothers with missed opportunities for antenatal syphilis testing, and this was positively associated with having more than one sexual partners in the past one year and negatively associated with not staying with partner.
Convection Cooling Enhancement for Energy Conversion Systems Using Rhombic-Dodecahedral-Zeolitic-Imidazolate-Framework-8-Nanotextured Surfaces
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Jang Kwangjin , Huh Jungwoo , Joshi Bhavana , Aldalbahi Ali , Rahaman Mostafizur , Ahn Chan-Sol , Bang Boo-Hyoung , Yoon Sam S.
Published: August 2023

Evaporative cooling is an efficient approach for removing heat from nuclear reactors, solar power plants, solar panels, and energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells. Nanotextured surfaces can provide improved evaporative cooling by increasing the total surface area to enhance the heat transfer rate and reducing the temperatures of local hotspots. In this study, we introduced rhombic dodecahedral zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF8), a class of metal-organic frameworks, via impregnation to create nanotextured surfaces. The impregnation time was varied to obtain various thicknesses of ZIF8. We found that the increased surface area of ZIF8 improved convection cooling, which considerably reduced the temperature of the heated substrate. Air, mist (buoyant aerosols), and spray (inertial droplets) were independently used as coolants to compare the cooling performance of noncoated (bare) and ZIF8-coated substrates. Compared to the noncoated substrate, the optimal ZIF8 film yielded temperature reductions of

Δ
T
=
13

°C and 10°C for air and spray cooling, respectively.
A Rare Case of Takayasu Arteritis Presenting as Pericarditis with Effusion
Authors: Robertson Ian J. , Mecham David K. , Conte Lisa M. , Loncharich Michael F.
Published: August 2023

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare large-vessel vasculitis that is seen primarily in young females of Asian descent and is infrequently diagnosed in the United States. Pericardial effusion with or without pericarditis as a presenting feature of TAK is rare, with only about five percent of cases of pericarditis attributable to any autoimmune etiology. We present a case of a 22-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with a large, symptomatic pericardial effusion of unclear etiology, who after extensive laboratory workup and imaging to include whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) was diagnosed with TAK. In our patient, the use of whole-body PET showing characteristic hypermetabolism within the aortic arch helped secure our diagnosis while avoiding the need for pericardiocentesis. The patient had rapid symptomatic and radiographic improvement with the use of high-dose oral steroids in addition to colchicine and ibuprofen for her pericarditis and associated pericardial effusion. At follow-up just 1 week after initiation of steroids, only trace effusion was identified on transthoracic echocardiogram.
Investigation on the Aerodynamic Parameters of the Triangle Shape of Tall Buildings by Using of CFD Method
Authors: Noormohamadian Mehdi , Salajegheh Eysa
Published: August 2023

Wind loading in large buildings has always been a major challenge for civilian engineers. For this purpose, presenting the optimum exterior forms of a building exposed to the wind flow and analyzing aerodynamic forces, including resistance force, bending, and twisting moments, are challenging issues for designers. Nowadays, by combining various numerical calculation methods, like neural networks, genetic algorithms, and other methods, by changing some parameters, they optimize the external form of the building based on aerodynamic parameters. In this research, three optimized triangular models will be investigated using the computational fluid dynamics method. For wind flow, a velocity profile is used in the three simulations, and Reynolds’ Navier–Stokes average equations are used to solve momentum relationships. Additionally, the κ-ε method was used to calculate Reynolds stresses. The results show that the optimized N3 model is in the most optimal condition possible in terms of aerodynamic parameters such as drag, torsion moment, and vortices behind the building. Nowadays, the neural network algorithm is one of the most famous numerical methods for optimizing hull shapes. However, this approach cannot improve aerodynamic parameters either. Hence, computational fluid dynamics is used to deeply analyze. This research is one step forward to assess the optimized hull shapes of tall buildings. All tests are conducted using STAR CCM+.
Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Surgery on a Patient with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Williams Duncan J. , Ziari Melody , Seay Meagan D. , Ronquillo Yasmyne C.
Published: August 2023

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are rare central demyelinating diseases that may affect refractive surgery outcomes. Optic neuritis and brainstem syndromes affecting cranial nerves are particularly relevant to corneal refractive surgery (CRS), such as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy, or small incision lenticule extraction. There is currently no existing literature concerning the outcomes of CRS in patients with MOGAD or NMOSD. This article reports the clinical outcome of a MOGAD patient who underwent LASIK.
Modelling Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Superabsorbent Polymer Fabric for Desiccant Drying of Crops
Authors: Kimani Peter Kang’ethe , Gitau Ayub Njoroge , Mbuge Duncan Onyango , Agullo Januarius Ondiek
Published: August 2023

Desiccants are important in the drying of temperature-sensitive grains such as seeds for planting. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have previously been identified for possible application in the drying of crops. Applying the gravimetric technique to measure the sorption isotherms and the effectiveness of the desiccant in crop drying was determined at temperatures 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C. Using R statistical software, eleven sorption isotherm models were fitted to the experimental data using the nonlinear regression functions. The coefficients of each model were obtained. The modified Freundlich, modified Henderson, and modified Oswin models best predicted the experimental data for the study temperature range. Using symbolic regression and nonlinear regression in R software, four mathematical models were obtained. R software codes were assembled for the analysis of sorption isotherm models. Compared to the existing models, the developed models were found to give a more statistically accurate association between the temperature, moisture content of SAP fabric, and relative humidity.
TABLE 4 from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Pharmacokinetic parameters of M8891 in plasma by treatment after single (cycle 1, day 1) and multiple dosing (cycle 1, day 15)
TABLE 1 from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Patient demographics and disposition
FIGURE 4 from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Percentage change from baseline of the sum of longest target lesion diameters. The dashed lines show thresholds for progressive disease and PR. Dose levels are represented by different colors and symbols; the different curves at each dose level represent different patients.
FIGURE 3 from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Met-EF1α/protein levels in tumor on cycle 2, day 1 (individual patient dot plot). Open symbols show the pretreatment Met-EF1α levels, and the corresponding closed symbols show cycle 2, day 1 Met-EF1α levels for individual patients for the doses of 7, 12, 20, 35, 60, and 80 mg. The dashed line shows the target Met-EF1α level of 125 μg/mg protein expected to be correlated with efficacy. Met-EF1α, methionylated elongation factor 1α.
FIGURE 2 from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Plasma concentration–time profiles of M8891 (mean ± SD) at cycle 1, day 1 (A) and cycle 1, day 15 (B). The dashed line shows the target M8891 Ctrough level of 1,500 ng/mL expected to be correlated with efficacy. QD, once daily.
Data from A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: August 2023

Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) is essential to endothelial cell growth and proliferation during tumor angiogenesis. M8891 is a novel orally bioavailable, potent, selective, reversible MetAP2 inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in preclinical studies. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of M8891 monotherapy were assessed in a phase I, first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation study (NCT03138538). Patients with advanced solid tumors received 7–80 mg M8891 once daily in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1, with the aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Twenty-seven patients were enrolled across six dose levels. Two DLTs (platelet count decrease) were reported, one each at 60 and 80 mg/once daily M8891, resolving after treatment discontinuation. MTD was not determined. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was platelet count decrease. M8891 plasma concentration showed dose-linear increase up to 35 mg and low-to-moderate variability; dose-dependent tumor accumulation of methionylated elongation factor 1α, a MetAP2 substrate, was observed, demonstrating MetAP2 inhibition. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic response data showed that preclinically defined target levels required for in vivo efficacy were achieved at safe, tolerated doses. Seven patients (25.9%) had stable disease for 42–123 days. We conclude that M8891 demonstrates a manageable safety profile, with dose-proportional exposure and low-to-moderate interpatient variability at target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic levels at ≤35 mg M8891 once daily. On the basis of the data, 35 mg M8891 once daily is the recommended phase II dose for M8891 monotherapy. This study forms the basis for future development of M8891 in monotherapy and combination studies.
Significance:
M8891 represents a novel class of reversible MetAP2 inhibitors and has demonstrated preclinical antitumor activity. This dose-escalation study assessed M8891 treatment for patients with advanced solid tumors. M8891 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics, tumoral target engagement, and a manageable safety profile, and thus represents a novel antitumor strategy warranting further clinical studies.
Os quatro preceitos metodológicos do Discurso do Método
Authors: Battisti César Augusto
Published: August 2023

O artigo se propõe a cumprir dois objetivos: a) avaliar em que sentido podemos atribuir autossuficiência aos famosos quatro preceitos metodológicos da Segunda Parte do Discurso do Método; b) propor uma leitura destes preceitos que considere seu entorno, as outras obras metodológicas e o pensamento cartesiano como um todo, mas, principalmente, que reavalie elementos metodológicos tanto pouco quanto excessivamente valorizados. As conclusões correspondentes mais importantes são: (1) os quatro preceitos do Discurso contêm a totalidade do método, mas apenas de uma forma condensada; e, como tais, eles não são autocompreensíveis; 2) uma boa compreensão do método deve englobar outros textos (a começar pelos que compuseram a publicação de 1637), mas principalmente deve calibrar o peso de cada preceito em razão de sua função e do que lhe é atribuído executar, sendo o segundo o mais depreciado dentre eles.
Podem os argumentos do apêndice da parte I da Ética vencer a superstição?
Authors: Pereira Lucas André Marques
Published: August 2023

Neste trabalho, pretendemos investigar o poder que os argumentos do apêndice da Parte I da Ética possuem para enfraquecer a superstição que reside na mente do leitor. Dada a necessidade dos preconceitos que levam à consolidação da superstição finalista, é esperado que o leitor, ao se deparar com a Ética, esteja completamente tomado pelas crenças finalistas. Tendo isso em vista, como poderia a compreensão desses argumentos ser capaz de eliminar a superstição? Como intentamos demonstrar, o conhecimento adquirido é incapaz, ao menos num primeiro momento, de levar a cabo essa tarefa: é necessária uma meditação amiúde reiterada. Isso é possível porque a meditação, ao utilizar o conhecimento sobre a necessidade da superstição como ponto de partida, é capaz de reorganizar os afetos, de modo a tornar os afetos racionais gradativamente mais fortes que os afetos ligados à superstição.
Considerações acerca dos capítulos sobre a eternidade, a unidade, a imensidão e a imutabilidade de Deus na segunda parte dos Pensamentos Metafísicos de Espinosa
Authors: Minkovicius Dani Barki
Published: August 2023

Pretendemos comentar os primeiros quatro capítulos da segunda parte dos Pensamentos Metafísicos de Espinosa, dedicados, respectivamente, à eternidade, à unidade, à imensidão e à imutabilidade de Deus; sugerindo, ademais, uma leitura geral para a obra em questão como um todo. Procuramos, desse modo, investigar o sentido das demonstrações espinosanas nesses capítulos, propondo hipóteses para a estruturação delas bem como a, por vezes, insuficiência – justificada – de algumas delas, enfatizando, nisso tudo e dentre outros aspectos, o caráter polêmico da obra.
Metafísica e Moralidade: os fundamentos da ação segundo a Morale par provision de René Descartes
Authors: Jesus Ezequiel Barros Barbosa de
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a existência de uma possível contradição entre a morale par provision e o sistema filosófico cartesiano. Para tanto, primeiro analisaremos a imbricação entre a teoria metafísica e a teoria moral de Descartes, buscando situar o local da morale em seu edifício filosófico. Neste primeiro momento, também tentaremos engendrar o problema aqui proposto, configurado a partir da pergunta: ao aderir ao uso da opinião em sua morale, Descartes não abriria margem para um possível paradoxo entre o desenvolvimento de seu sistema de Filosofia e a sua morale par provision? Depois, apresentaremos o conteúdo da morale, analisando separadamente cada uma das três máximas que a compõem. Isto feito, buscaremos evidenciar a natureza racional da moral cartesiana. Ao fim do trabalho, pretendemos dissipar o aparente paradoxo ao defender a tese de que o conteúdo das três máximas da morale par provision (moderação, resolução e felicidade) conferem a ela uma natureza racional, o que torna justificado o uso de opiniões, que, mesmo sem possuir um valor de clareza, distinção e evidência, ainda assim são úteis para o desenvolvimento da investigação filosófica, o que coloca a morale na condição de ser um fator imprescindível ao desenvolvimento da filosofia cartesiana.
Robert Hooke’s Science of ‘Petrifaction’, the Trattato del Legno Fossile, and the Republic of Letters
Authors: Liciu Alexandru
Published: August 2023

This paper is part of a larger project of investigating the reception of the Accademia dei Lincei at the Royal Society. Perhaps due to the Lincei’s hesitancy to make more use of print, they constituted somewhat of a mystery for the subsequent generations of scientific communities. This is to say that the members of Royal Society were open to or perhaps even actively searching for knowledge related to the Lynxes. In this work, I trace this through a particular case-study in the transmission of knowledge: the arrival at the Royal Society of Federico Cesi and Francesto Stelluti’s Trattato del Legno Fossile Minerale Nuovamente Scoperto [Treatise on the Newly Discovered Mineral Fossil Wood] (1637) and its accompanying lignum fossile specimen. I aim to show how Robert Hooke, early keeper of the Society’s repository, diverged significantly from the initial sense of Cesi and Stelluti: if for the latter the specimen attested for a Renaissance-type continuous chain of being, the former appropriated it in his own theory of geomorphological change and ‘petrifaction’. Throughout this article, I also reflect more broadly on other two related issues: 1. The status of the discipline of petrification during the early modern times; 2. The availability of Lincean sources in England and Europe – while pointing out that much more work needs to be done in order to properly chart the dissemination of the Lynxes’s works. I conclude by indicating that the Lynxes played a key role in Hooke’s genealogical argument on the right use of microscopy.
Pomponio Leto’s Lucretius, the Quest for a Classical Technical Lexicon, and the Negative Space of Humanist Latin Knowledge
Authors: Palmer Ada
Published: August 2023

Annotations in Pomponio Leto’s manuscript of Lucretius (now in Naples) reveal patterns in his engagement with the text, especially a focus on rare grammatical forms, participles, adverbs, time, and technical vocabulary usable for scientific, medical, and ontological discussion. Leto and fellow scholars of the studia humanitatis undertook an ambitious linguistic intervention, attempting to create a new classicizing Latin, which rejected simplified Medieval forms and adhered strictly to classical models. This led humanists to seek out everything rare, irregular, and absent from Medieval texts, and often to overshoot their ancient models in complexity, composing hyper-ornamented Latin no native speaker would produce. Thus negative space – all that was unknown, rare, and obscure in rediscovered classics – stands alongside Cicero and Virgil as a major shaper of Renaissance Latin style. The determination of humanists to reject scholastic Latin also meant rejecting the corpus of useful technical vocabulary developed in preceding centuries for discussions of such topics as cognition, perception, ontology, and cosmology. To rival the scholastics, humanists like Leto needed to develop a classical technical lexicon capable of discussing such topics with rigor. Leto’s annotations show how, while searching this newly rediscovered text, he was striving to (re)construct a classical Latin technical lexicon which we might say never existed.
Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)
Authors: SCHWENDINGER PETER J. , HONGPADHARAKIREE KOMSAN
Published: August 2023

Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., D. lanna sp. nov. and D. dao sp. nov. are described from males and females collected in western and northern Thailand. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. and D. lanna sp. nov. are morphologically unique within the genus by males having a para-embolic apophysis and a keel composed of coarse laminae on the lower (posterior) side of the palpal organ, and by females having sperm receptacles, composed of a strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head, situated on the ventral side of a relatively long genital atrium. The distantly related D. dao sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by males having a tibia I coupling spur with three megaspines. Presumed relationships of these three species and of the genus Damarchus are discussed. Information on biology and burrow structures of the new species is provided. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. stands out by plugging the side shaft of its burrow with a soil pellet; similar plugging devices in unbranched burrows are known from other spider families.
Fresh Water and Atmospheric Cooling Control on Density-Compensated Overturning in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Bebieva Yana , Lozier M. Susan
Published: August 2023

As they rim the basin from the southern tip of Greenland to the southern Labrador coast, the waters in the Labrador Sea boundary current undergo a significant transformation in salinity and temperature, but much less so in density. Motivated by these observations, a previously developed simple three-layer model is adapted to understand the processes responsible for this density-compensated overturning in the Labrador Sea. From our model simulations, we find that the density-compensating water mass transformation in the boundary current can be largely attributed to the combined effect of 1) direct atmospheric cooling of the relatively warm boundary current and 2) freshening due to mixing with the shallower and fresh waters derived from Greenland meltwater discharge and Arctic Ocean inflow. Freshening of the boundary current waters due to the excess of precipitation over evaporation in the basin has an important, but less impactful, role in the density compensation. Studies examining the sensitivity of the density compensation to the freshwater entry location reveal a larger impact when the freshwater enters the boundary current on the Greenland side of the basin, compared to the Labrador side. These results yield insights into how increasing meltwater in the subpolar North Atlantic will affect the overturning.