bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die komplizierte Zwillingsschwangerschaft
Authors: Raio Bulgheroni Luigi
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Wenn von «komplizierten Mehrlingen» die Rede ist, dann sind v. a. die monochorialen Schwangerschaften gemeint. Die adaptiven Prozesse der Plazenta welche – nicht wie ursprünglich geplant für die Bedürfnisse eines Kindes aufkommen muss – plötzlich zwei Feten versorgen muss, sind komplex und noch wenig verstanden. Eine ungleiche Verteilung der Plazentamasse und/oder eine unausgewogene Angio-architektur zwischen den Feten können zu charakteristischen Komplikationen führen welche unbehandelt mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert sind. Die moderne Betreuung von monochorialen Mehrlingen fokussiert auf das zeitnahe Erkennung von Hinweisen abnormer intrafetaler Interaktionen. Zentral dabei ist ein spezialisiertes pathophysiologisches Verständnis um diese Prozesse sonographisch erfassen und interpretieren zu können. Heutzutage existieren effektive Verfahren ein feto-fetales Transfusionssyndrom (FFTS), eine twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) oder eine twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP) adäquat zu behandeln. Eine Sonderstellung hierbei nehmen die monoamnioten Mehrlinge, die Siamesen und die monochorialen Zwillinge mit selektiver Wachstumsretardierung (sIUWR) ein. Viele Erkenntnisse der letzten 25 Jahren haben dazu geführt, dass das Outcome dieser speziellen Schwangerschaften gesamthaft besser geworden ist. Nichtsdestotrotz sind sie im Vergleich zu den dichorialen Schwangerschaften, immer noch mit einer erheblichen perinatalen Problematik assoziiert.
Thromboembolien und Thrombophilie in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Nagler Michael , Angelillo-Scherrer Anne
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Venöse Thromboembolien, meist in Form von Bein- oder Beckenvenenthrombosen bzw. Lungenembolien auftretend, stellen immer noch eine der führenden Ursachen mütterlicher Morbidität und Mortalität in der Schwangerschaft dar. Eine effektive Prophylaxe und sichere Therapie sind daher wichtige Massnahmen, um Komplikationen zu vermeiden und jungen Frauen eine gefahrlose Schwangerschaft zu ermöglichen. Im folgenden Artikel beschreiben wir Prinzipien der Risikoabschätzung sowie die Diagnose und Therapie venöser Thromboembolien. Zudem diskutieren wir das peripartale Management der Antikoagulation, die Risikoabschätzung im Hinblick auf östrogenhaltige Kontrazeptiva, sowie den Einfluss thrombophiler Risikofaktoren auf Schwangerschaftskomplikationen.
Rheumatologische Krankheiten und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Förger Frauke
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. In der Schwangerschaft kommt es zu einer Veränderung des mütterlichen Immunsystems. Diese immunologischen Veränderungen können sich in positiver oder negativer Form auf mütterliche Autoimmunerkrankungen auswirken. Patientinnen sollten ihre Schwangerschaft in einer inaktiven Krankheitsphase planen und im Vorfeld über mögliche mütterliche und kindliche Risiken und über schwangerschaftskompatible Therapiemöglichkeiten informiert werden. In der Schwangerschaft können eine schwangerschaftskompatible individualisierte Therapie sowie eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung den stabilen Krankheitsverlauf begünstigen und Risiken für Mutter und Kind senken.
Bildgebende Diagnostik bei Zustand nach Sectio
Authors: Hoffmann Janine , Stepan Holger
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Durch anhaltend steigende Sectioraten nimmt auch die Anzahl an Konsultationen von Patientinnen mit Zustand nach Sectio in der Schwangerenberatung zu. Auch wenn sekundäre Komplikationen durch eine frühere Sectio selten vorkommen, sind diese unter anderem wegen der hohen Blutungsgefahr potentiell lebensbedrohlich. Um das Vorliegen von Komplikationen möglichst früh auszuschließen bzw. zu diagnostizieren, hat sich neben der klinischen Untersuchung auch die bildgebende Diagnostik etabliert. Die Sonografie ist hierbei die Methode der Wahl. Bei weiter unklaren Verdachtsfällen (z. B. Wanddehiszenz) oder auch zur weiteren Spezifizierung von Befunden wird häufig eine zusätzliche MRT durchgeführt. Die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung ist eine wichtige Grundvoraussetzung für ein adäquates peripartales Management. Deshalb setzt sich dieser Artikel zum Ziel, den Leser für dieses Problemfeld zu sensibilisieren. Die wichtigsten Komplikationen werden erläutert und typische Befunde der Sonografie und MRT demonstriert. Bei der Erstellung dieses Beitrages wurden die Deutschen (DGGG), Österreichischen (OEGGG) und Schweizerischen (SGGG) Leitlinien berücksichtigt.
No Evidence for Unknown Source of Ozone Precursor
Authors: Kollipara Puneet
Published: September 2016

A study suggests that known combustion and photochemical sources of nitrous acid, a precursor to ground-level ozone, are enough to explain levels seen in the atmosphere.
Activation of TNFR2 sensitizes macrophages for TNFR1-mediated necroptosis
Authors: Siegmund Daniela , Kums Juliane , Ehrenschwender Martin , Wajant Harald
Published: September 2016

Macrophages express TNFR1 as well as TNFR2 and are also major producers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), especially upon contact with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Consequently, TNF not only acts as a macrophage-derived effector molecule but also regulates the activity and viability of macrophages. Here, we investigated the individual contribution of TNFR1 and TNFR2 to TNF-induced cell death in macrophages. Exclusive stimulation of TNFR1 showed no cytotoxic effect whereas selective stimulation of TNFR2 displayed mild cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, the latter was strongly enhanced by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. The strong cytotoxic activity of TNFR2 in the presence of zVAD-fmk was reversed by necrostatin-1, indicating necroptotic cell death. TNFR1- and TNF-deficient macrophages turned out to be resistant against TNFR2-induced cell death. In addition, the cIAP-depleting SMAC mimetic BV6 also enforced TNF/TNFR1-mediated necroptotic cell death in the presence of zVAD-fmk. In sum, our data suggest a model in which TNFR2 sensitizes macrophages for endogenous TNF-induced TNFR1-mediated necroptosis by the known ability of TNFR2 to interfere with the survival activity of TRAF2-cIAP1/2 complexes.
Comparative genomics reveals adaptive evolution of Asian tapeworm in switching to a new intermediate host
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Sen , Luo Yingfeng , Xiao Lihua , Luo Xuenong , Gao Shenghan , Dou Yongxi , Zhang Huangkai , Guo Aijiang , Meng Qingshu , Hou Junling , Zhang Bing , Zhang Shaohua , Yang Meng , Meng Xuelian , Mei Hailiang , Li Hui , He Zilong , Zhu Xueliang , Tan Xinyu , Zhu Xing-quan , Yu Jun , Cai Jianping , Zhu Guan , Hu Songnian , Cai Xuepeng
Published: September 2016

Taenia saginata, Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica (beef, pork and Asian tapeworms, respectively) are parasitic flatworms of major public health and food safety importance. Among them, T. asiatica is a newly recognized species that split from T. saginata via an intermediate host switch ∼1.14 Myr ago. Here we report the 169- and 168-Mb draft genomes of T. saginata and T. asiatica. Comparative analysis reveals that high rates of gene duplications and functional diversifications might have partially driven the divergence between T. asiatica and T. saginata. We observe accelerated evolutionary rates, adaptive evolutions in homeostasis regulation, tegument maintenance and lipid uptakes, and differential/specialized gene family expansions in T. asiatica that may favour its hepatotropism in the new intermediate host. We also identify potential targets for developing diagnostic or intervention tools against human tapeworms. These data provide new insights into the evolution of Taenia parasites, particularly the recent speciation of T. asiatica.
Extracellular vesicle-associated Aβ mediates trans-neuronal bioenergetic and Ca2+-handling deficits in Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: Eitan Erez , Hutchison Emmette R , Marosi Krisztina , Comotto James , Mustapic Maja , Nigam Saket M , Suire Caitlin , Maharana Chinmoyee , Jicha Gregory A , Liu Dong , Machairaki Vasiliki , Witwer Kenneth W , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Mattson Mark P
Published: September 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder in which aggregation-prone neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) accumulates in the brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are small 50–150 nm membrane vesicles that have recently been implicated in the prion-like spread of self-aggregating proteins. Here we report that EVs isolated from AD patient cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, from the plasma of two AD mouse models, and from the medium of neural cells expressing familial AD presenilin 1 mutations, destabilize neuronal Ca2+homeostasis, impair mitochondrial function, and sensitize neurons to excitotoxicity. EVs contain a relatively low amount of Aβ but have an increased Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio; the majority of Aβ is located on the surface of the EVs. Impairment of lysosome function results in increased generation of EVs with elevated Aβ42 levels. EVs may mediate transcellular spread of pathogenic Aβ species that impair neuronal Ca2+handling and mitochondrial function, and may thereby render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity.
Genome-wide analysis of Dof transcription factors reveals functional characteristics during development and response to biotic stresses in pepper
Authors: Kang Won-Hee , Kim Seungill , Lee Hyun-Ah , Choi Doil , Yeom Seon-In
Published: September 2016

The DNA-binding with one zinc finger proteins (Dofs) are a plant-specific family of transcription factors. The Dofs are involved in a variety of biological processes such as phytohormone production, seed development, and environmental adaptation. Dofs have been previously identified in several plants, but not in pepper. We identified 33 putative Dof genes in pepper (CaDofs). To gain an overview of the CaDofs, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships, protein motifs, and evolutionary history. We divided the 33 CaDofs, containing 25 motifs, into four major groups distributed on eight chromosomes. We discovered an expansion of the CaDofs dated to a recent duplication event. Segmental duplication that occurred before the speciation of the Solanaceae lineages was predominant among the CaDofs. The global gene-expression profiling of the CaDofs by RNA-seq analysis showed distinct temporal and pathogen-specific variation during development and response to biotic stresses (two TMV strains, PepMoV, and Phytophthora capsici), suggesting functional diversity among the CaDofs. These results will provide the useful clues into the responses of Dofs in biotic stresses and promote a better understanding of their multiple function in pepper and other species.
Removal of proprioception by BCI raises a stronger body ownership illusion in control of a humanlike robot
Authors: Alimardani Maryam , Nishio Shuichi , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

Body ownership illusions provide evidence that our sense of self is not coherent and can be extended to non-body objects. Studying about these illusions gives us practical tools to understand the brain mechanisms that underlie body recognition and the experience of self. We previously introduced an illusion of body ownership transfer (BOT) for operators of a very humanlike robot. This sensation of owning the robot’s body was confirmed when operators controlled the robot either by performing the desired motion with their body (motion-control) or by employing a brain-computer interface (BCI) that translated motor imagery commands to robot movement (BCI-control). The interesting observation during BCI-control was that the illusion could be induced even with a noticeable delay in the BCI system. Temporal discrepancy has always shown critical weakening effects on body ownership illusions. However the delay-robustness of BOT during BCI-control raised a question about the interaction between the proprioceptive inputs and delayed visual feedback in agency-driven illusions. In this work, we compared the intensity of BOT illusion for operators in two conditions; motion-control and BCI-control. Our results revealed a significantly stronger BOT illusion for the case of BCI-control. This finding highlights BCI’s potential in inducing stronger agency-driven illusions by building a direct communication between the brain and controlled body, and therefore removing awareness from the subject’s own body.
One material, multiple functions: graphene/Ni(OH)2 thin films applied in batteries, electrochromism and sensors
Authors: Neiva Eduardo G. C. , Oliveira Marcela M. , Bergamini Márcio F. , Marcolino Luiz H. , Zarbin Aldo J. G.
Published: September 2016

Different nanocomposites between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were synthesized through modifications in the polyol method (starting from graphene oxide (GO) dispersion in ethylene glycol and nickel acetate), processed as thin films through the liquid-liquid interfacial route, homogeneously deposited over transparent electrodes and spectroscopically, microscopically and electrochemically characterized. The thin and transparent nanocomposite films (112 to 513 nm thickness, 62.6 to 19.9% transmittance at 550 nm) consist of α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles (mean diameter of 4.9 nm) homogeneously decorating the rGO sheets. As a control sample, neat Ni(OH)2 was prepared in the same way, consisting of porous nanoparticles with diameter ranging from 30 to 80 nm. The nanocomposite thin films present multifunctionality and they were applied as electrodes to alkaline batteries, as electrochromic material and as active component to electrochemical sensor to glycerol. In all the cases the nanocomposite films presented better performances when compared to the neat Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles, showing energy and power of 43.7 W h kg−1 and 4.8 kW kg−1 (8.24 A g−1) respectively, electrochromic efficiency reaching 70 cm2 C−1 and limit of detection as low as 15.4 ± 1.2 μmol L−1.
Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in Response Assessment for Breast Cancer: A Comparison with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathology
Authors: Jia Wan-Ru , Tang Lei , Wang Deng-Bin , Chai Wei-Min , Fei Xiao-Chun , He Jian-Rong , Chen Man , Wang Wen-Ping
Published: September 2016

To compare the capabilities of three-dimensional contrast enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MRI) in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among breast cancer patients, 48 patients with unilateral breast cancer were recruited for 3D-CEUS and DCE-MRI examinations both before and after NAC; pathology was used to validate the results. This study was approved by the institutional review board and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Imaging feature changes and pathological vascularity response, including microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were calculated. Pathological complete response (pCR) and major histological response (MHR) were used as references. The 3D-CEUS score, DCE-MRI score, MVD and VEGF significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) after NAC. The correlations between Δ3D-CEUS and ΔDCE-MRI with pCR (r = 0.649, P < 0.0001; r = 0.639, P < 0.0001) and MHR (r = 0.863, P < 0.0001; r = 0.836, P < 0.0001) were significant. All scores showed significant differences between the pCR and non-pCR groups with folder changes of 0.1, 0.1, 2.4 and 2.3, respectively (P = 0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 and <0.0001). In conclusion, 3D-CEUS is effective in assessing the response of breast cancer patients undergoing NAC.
Effect of graphene oxide ratio on the cell adhesion and growth behavior on a graphene oxide-coated silicon substrate
Authors: Jeong Jin-Tak , Choi Mun-Ki , Sim Yumin , Lim Jung-Taek , Kim Gil-Sung , Seong Maeng-Je , Hyung Jung-Hwan , Kim Keun Soo , Umar Ahmad , Lee Sang-Kwon
Published: September 2016

Control of living cells on biocompatible materials or on modified substrates is important for the development of bio-applications, including biosensors and implant biomaterials. The topography and hydrophobicity of substrates highly affect cell adhesion, growth, and cell growth kinetics, which is of great importance in bio-applications. Herein, we investigate the adhesion, growth, and morphology of cultured breast cancer cells on a silicon substrate, on which graphene oxides (GO) was partially formed. By minimizing the size and amount of the GO-containing solution and the further annealing process, GO-coated Si samples were prepared which partially covered the Si substrates. The coverage of GO on Si samples decreases upon annealing. The behaviors of cells cultured on two samples have been observed, i.e. partially GO-coated Si (P-GO) and annealed partially GO-coated Si (Annealed p-GO), with a different coverage of GO. Indeed, the spreading area covered by the cells and the number of cells for a given culture period in the incubator were highly dependent on the hydrophobicity and the presence of oxygenated groups on GO and Si substrates, suggesting hydrophobicity-driven cell growth. Thus, the presented method can be used to control the cell growth via an appropriate surface modification.
Pharmacological inhibitors of TRPV4 channels reduce cytokine production, restore endothelial function and increase survival in septic mice
Authors: Dalsgaard Thomas , Sonkusare Swapnil K. , Teuscher Cory , Poynter Matthew E. , Nelson Mark T.
Published: September 2016

Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation, edema formation and hypo-perfusion leading to organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel is associated with edema formation and circulatory collapse. Here, we show that TRPV4 channels are involved in the hyper-inflammatory response and mortality associated with sepsis. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 channels in mice reduced mortality in lipopolysaccharide and cecal-ligation-and-puncture models of sepsis, but not in a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced sepsis model. These protective effects of TRPV4 channel inhibition were attributable to prevention of the sepsis-induced surge of a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 and subsequent preservation of endothelial cell function, including Ca2+ signaling, integrity and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These results suggest that TRPV4 antagonists may be of therapeutic utility in the management of sepsis.
Stable, Free-space Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Sub-micron Particles in an Integrated Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Kim Jisu , Shin Jung H.
Published: September 2016

We demonstrate stable, free-space optical trapping and manipulation in an integrated microfluidic chip using counter-propagating beams. An inverted ridge-type waveguide made of SU8 is cut across by an open trench. The design of the waveguide provides low propagation losses and small divergence of the trapping beam upon emergence from the facet, and the trench designed to be deeper and wider than the optical mode enables full utilization of the optical power with an automatic alignment for counter-propagating beams in a trap volume away from all surfaces. After integration with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for particle delivery, 0.65 μm and 1 μm diameter polystyrene beads were trapped in free space in the trench, and manipulated to an arbitrary position between the waveguides with a resolution of < 100 nm. Comparison with numerical simulations confirm stable trapping of sub-micron particles, with a 10 kBT threshold power of less than 1 mW and a stiffness that can be 1 order of magnitude larger than that of comparable fiber-based trapping methods.
IL-22 is rapidly induced by Pathogen Recognition Receptors Stimulation in Bone-Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells in the Absence of IL-23
Authors: Fumagalli Silvia , Torri Anna , Papagna Angela , Citterio Stefania , Mainoldi Federica , Foti Maria
Published: September 2016

In vertebrates, microorganisms are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of genes. Within these genes, the cytokines family plays a crucial function because of its role in adaptive immunity induction and in tissue-specific functional regulation, such as tissue repair and tissue homeostasis during steady state conditions. Within the myeloid compartment, dendritic cells (DCs) release a variety of inflammatory cytokines in response to microbes. In this study, we show that BMDCs release IL-22 directly upon PRRs activation without the need of IL-23 signaling as reported for other IL22-producing cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that cytokine IL-22 is rapidly released in a cell-specific manner as macrophages are not able to produce IL-22 through the same PRRs system. In addition, we characterize the intracellular signaling cascade required for IL-22 release in BMDCs. Myd88, MEK1/2, NFkb and AhR, but not p38, NFAT and RORgt, were found to be involved in IL-22 regulation in DCs. Our study suggests that BMDCs possess a unique intracellular molecular plasticity which, once activated, directs different BMDCs functions in a cell-specific manner.
Correction: Corrigendum: Staircase Quantum Dots Configuration in Nanowires for Optimized Thermoelectric Power
Authors: Li Lijie , Jiang Jian-Hua
Published: September 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 31974; published online: 23 August 2016; updated: 22 September 2016 In the original version of this Article, there were typographical errors in Affiliation 1 which was incorrectly given as ‘Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, SwanseaUniversity, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK.
Retinal expression of small non-coding RNAs in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Liu Chi-Hsiu , Wang Zhongxiao , Sun Ye , SanGiovanni John Paul , Chen Jing
Published: September 2016

Ocular neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in proliferative retinopathy. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) play critical roles in both vascular and neuronal development of the retina through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. To identify the function and therapeutic potential of sncRNAs in retinopathy, we assessed the expression profile of retinal sncRNAs in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) with pathologic proliferation of neovessels. Approximately 2% of all analyzed sncRNAs were significantly altered in OIR retinas compared with normoxic controls. Twenty three microRNAs with substantial up- or down-regulation were identified, including miR-351, -762, -210, 145, -155, -129-5p, -150, -203, and -375, which were further analyzed for their potential target genes in angiogenic, hypoxic, and immune response-related pathways. In addition, nineteen small nucleolar RNAs also revealed differential expression in OIR retinas compared with control retinas. A decrease of overall microRNA expression in OIR retinas was consistent with reduced microRNA processing enzyme Dicer, and increased expression of Alu element in OIR. Together, our findings elucidated a group of differentially expressed sncRNAs in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy. These sncRNAs may exert critical post-transcriptional regulatory roles in regulating pathological neovascularization in eye diseases.
Intein mediated hyper-production of authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kwong Keith W. Y. , Sivakumar T. , Wong W. K. R.
Published: September 2016

Human basic fibroblast growth factor is a functionally versatile but very expensive polypeptide. In this communication, employing a novel amplification method for the target gene and genetic optimization of a previously engineered expression construct, pWK3R, together with a refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, we report an achievement of a phenomenal yield of 610 mg/L of the 146 aa authentic human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in Escherichia coli. Construct pWK3R was first modified to form plasmid pWK311ROmpAd, which was devoid of the ompA leader sequence and possessed two copies of a DNA segment encoding a fusion product comprising an intein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae vascular membrane ATPase (VMA) and bFGF. When E. coli transformant JM101 [pWK311ROmpAd] was cultivated using the refined fed-batch fermentation protocol, superb expression resulting in a total yield of 610 mg/L of bFGF was detected. Despite existing in high levels, the bFGF remained to be soluble and highly bioactive.
Multiple introductions and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B strains in North America and Europe.
Authors: Cabello Marina , Romero Hector , Bello Gonzalo
Published: September 2016

Most HIV-1 subtype B infections in North America and Europe seem to have resulted from the expansion of a single pandemic lineage (BPANDEMIC) disseminated from the United States (US). Some non-pandemic subtype B strains of Caribbean origin (BCAR) may have also reached North America and Europe, but their epidemiological relevance in those regions remains largely unknown. Here we analyze a total of 20,045 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences from the US, Canada and Europe, to estimate the prevalence and to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of HIV-1 BCAR strains in those regions. We find that BCAR strains were probably disseminated from the Caribbean into North America and Europe at multiple times since the early 1970s onwards. The BCAR strains reached the US, Canada and at least 16 different European countries, where they account for a very low fraction (<5%) of subtype B infections, with exception of the Czech Republic (7.7%). We also find evidence of the onward transmission of BCAR clades in the US, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, as well as short-distance spreading of BCAR lineages between neighboring European countries from Central and Western Europe and long-distance dissemination between the US and Europe.
Integrated ZnO Nano-Electron-Emitter with Self-Modulated Parasitic Tunneling Field Effect Transistor at the Surface of the p-Si/ZnO Junction
Authors: Cao Tao , Luo Laitang , Huang Yifeng , Ye Bing , She Juncong , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun , Xu Ningsheng
Published: September 2016

The development of high performance nano-electron-emitter arrays with well reliability still proves challenging. Here, we report a featured integrated nano-electron-emitter. The vertically aligned nano-emitter consists of two segments. The top segment is an intrinsically lightly n-type doped ZnO nano-tip, while the bottom segment is a heavily p-type doped Si nano-pillar (denoted as p-Si/ZnO nano-emitter). The anode voltage not only extracted the electron emission from the emitter apex but also induced the inter-band electron tunneling at the surface of the p-Si/ZnO nano-junction. The designed p-Si/ZnO emitter is equivalent to a ZnO nano-tip individually ballasted by a p-Si/ZnO diode and a parasitic tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) at the surface of the p-Si/ZnO junction. The parasitic TFET provides a channel for the supply of emitting electron, while the p-Si/ZnO diode is benefit for impeding the current overloading and prevent the emitters from a catastrophic breakdown. Well repeatable and stable field emission current were obtained from the p-Si/ZnO nano-emitters. High performance nano-emitters was developed using diamond-like-carbon coated p-Si/ZnO tip array (500 × 500), i.e., 178 μA (4.48 mA/cm2) at 75.7 MV/m.
Cationic dirhodium(ii,ii) complexes for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to HCOOH
Authors: Witt Suzanne E. , White Travis A. , Li Zhanyong , Dunbar Kim R. , Turro Claudia
Published: September 2016

Synopsis: formamidinate bridged dirhodium(ii,ii) complexes were found to be capable of dual H+ and CO2 electrocatalytic reduction.
Solid acetone structure dependence on pressure: a new fibre textured thin film crystallographic structure studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction
Authors: Ferrer P. , da Silva I. , Puente-Orench I.
Published: September 2016

Acetone thin films were crystallized directly from its vapour phase under UHV conditions at 120 K on two different substrates and studied them using GI-XRD.
Atomistic insights into deep eutectic electrolytes: the influence of urea on the electrolyte salt LiTFSI in view of electrochemical applications
Authors: Lesch Volker , Heuer Andreas , Rad Babak R. , Winter Martin , Smiatek Jens
Published: September 2016

We study the properties of LiTFSI in combination with urea. For specific molar ratios, a deep eutectic electrolyte is formed which is investigatedviaatomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
Investigating the coverage dependent behaviour of CO on Gd/Pt(111)
Authors: Ulrikkeholm Elisabeth Therese , Hansen Martin Hangaard , Rossmeisl Jan , Chorkendorff Ib
Published: September 2016

The coverage dependent behaviour of CO on a strained Pt surface has been studied using in ultra high vacuum and using density functional theory.
Structure and Li+ ion transport in a mixed carbonate/LiPF6 electrolyte near graphite electrode surfaces: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Boyer Mathew J. , Vilčiauskas Linas , Hwang Gyeong S.
Published: September 2016

The reorganization of solvent molecules in response to the excess charge on the anode is theoretically analyzed, which helps to better understand and describe the initial stages of SEI formation.
Combined influence of ectoine and salt: spectroscopic and numerical evidence for compensating effects on aqueous solutions
Authors: Hahn Marc Benjamin , Uhlig Frank , Solomun Tihomir , Smiatek Jens , Sturm Heinz
Published: September 2016

Our results help explain how high concentrations of ectoine enable bacteria to survive in highly saline environments.
Infrared spectra of ovalene (C32H14) and hydrogenated ovalene (C32H15˙) in solid para-hydrogen
Authors: Tsuge Masashi , Bahou Mohammed , Wu Yu-Jong , Allamandola Louis , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: September 2016

Hydrogenated ovalene (C32H15˙) was generated from electron bombardment of an ovalene/p-H2 mixture during deposition at 3.2 K and its infrared spectrum was recorded.
Syntheses, crystal structures and steady state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of a PET based macrocycle and its dinuclear ZnII/CdII/HgIIcomplexes
Authors: Mandal Leena , Majumder Samit , Mohanta Sasankasekhar
Published: September 2016

The present report deals with solution spectroscopic (absorption and emission) and colorimetric studies of a Robson type tetraaminodiphenol macrocyclic ligand and its ZnII2, CdII2 and HgII2 compounds.
Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties
Authors: McNeill Kristopher , Canonica Silvio
Published: September 2016

Excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) play a major role among the reactive intermediates produced upon absorption of sunlight by surface waters.
Carbon Capture and Storage: concluding remarks
Authors: Maitland G. C.
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to pull together the main points, messages and underlying themes to emerge from the Discussion. It sets these remarks in the context of where Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) fits into the spectrum of carbon mitigation solutions required to meet the challenging greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets set by the COP21 climate change conference. The Discussion focused almost entirely on carbon capture (21 out of 23 papers) and covered all the main technology contenders for this except biological processes. It included (chemical) scientists and engineers in equal measure and the Discussion was enriched by the broad content and perspectives this brought. The major underlying theme to emerge was the essential need for closer integration of materials and process design – the use of isolated materials performance criteria in the absence of holistic process modelling for design and optimisation can be misleading. Indeed, combining process and materials simulation for reverse materials molecular engineering to achieve the required process performance and cost constraints is now within reach and is beginning to make a significant impact on optimising CCS and CCU (CO2 utilisation) processes in particular, as it is on materials science and engineering generally. Examples from the Discussion papers are used to illustrate this potential. The take-home messages from a range of other underpinning research themes key to CCUS are also summarised: new capture materials, materials characterisation and screening, process innovation, membranes, industrial processes, net negative emissions processes, the effect of GHG impurities, data requirements, environment sustainability and resource management, and policy. Some key points to emerge concerning carbon transport, utilisation and storage are also included, together with some overarching conclusions on how to develop more energy- and cost-effective CCS processes through improved integration of approach across the science-engineering spectrum. The discussion was first-rate in the best traditions of Faraday Discussions and hopefully will foster and stimulate further cross-disciplinary interactions and holistic approaches.
Molecular engineering of fluorescein dyes as complementary absorbers in dye co-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pepe Giulio , Cole Jacqueline M. , Waddell Paul G. , Griffiths Joseph R. D.
Published: September 2016

Fluoresceins are molecularly engineered to extend their optical absorption to lower wavelengths, allowing their use in dye co-sensitized solar cells.
Synthesis of ferrocene amides and esters from aminoferrocene and 2-substituted ferrocenecarboxylic acid and properties thereof
Authors: Srinivas Palabindela , Prabhakar Sunchu , Chevallier Floris , Nassar Ekhlass , Erb William , Dorcet Vincent , Jouikov Viatcheslav , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Mongin Florence
Published: September 2016

The X-ray diffraction structure of the ferrocene ester FcE-1 showed the presence of an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the amide functional groups.
Can fused-pyrrole rings act as better π-spacer units than fused-thiophene in dye-sensitized solar cells? A computational study
Authors: Biswas Abul Kalam , Das Amitava , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: September 2016

Fused-pyrrole rings can be potential π-spacers in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Catalytic applications of [IPr·GaX2][SbF6] and related species
Authors: Michelet Bastien , Tang Shun , Thiery Guillaume , Monot Julien , Li Huijing , Guillot Régis , Bour Christophe , Gandon Vincent
Published: September 2016

The broad applicability of cationic NHC complexes of gallium in molecular catalysis is revealed.
Highly efficient and recyclable alkylammonium hydrosulfate catalyst for formation of bisphenol F by condensation of phenol with formaldehyde
Authors: Xiao Jiafu , Huang Hua , Xiang Weijian , Liao Wei , Liu Junyi , She Xichun , Xu Qiong , Fu Zaihui , Kirk Steven Robert , Yin Dulin
Published: September 2016

The alkylammonium hydrosulfates are soluble at reaction temperature and easily separated at room temperature with excellent reusability.
Influence of dopants Cu, Ga, In, Hg on the electronic structure of CdnSn (n = 6, 15) clusters – a DFT study
Authors: Ganesan Paramasivam , Lakshmipathi Senthilkumar
Published: September 2016

The influence of dopants on the electronic structure and the optical properties of doped Cdn−yXySn (n = 6, 15; y = 1, 2, 4) clusters, studied using DFT and TDDFT methods.
Upconversion luminescence nanoprobe based on luminescence resonance energy transfer from NaYF4:Yb, Tm to Ag nanodisks
Authors: Si Boni , Wang Yongbo , Lu Siwu , Liu Enzhou , Hu Xiaoyun , Fan Jun
Published: September 2016

An upconversion luminescence nanoprobe based on LRET from UCNPs to Ag nanodisks for the detection of biothiols.
Hybridization of inorganic CoB noncrystal with graphene and its Kubas-enhanced hydrogen adsorption at room temperature
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Sun Shuchao , Zhang Jianjiao , Luo Kan , Gao Peng , Wu Tingting , Du Shiyu , Wang Ying , Zhou Xiaoming , Sha Linna , Yang Yurong , Yang Piaoping , Wang Yanbo , Chen Yujin
Published: September 2016

In this work an archetypical hybrid material has been prepared by the reaction of an inorganic CoB noncrystal with graphene by a high-energy ball-milling process, which showed an enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage ability induced by the Co–B–C structure.
Simple biphenyl or carbazole derivatives with four di(anisyl)amino substituents as efficient hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shao Jiang-Yang , Li Dongmei , Tang Kun , Zhong Yu-Wu , Meng Qingbo
Published: September 2016

Power conversion efficiencies of 13.6% and 11.5% were achieved in perovskite solar cells with two simple and readily accessible biphenyl or carbazole derivatives as hole-transporting materials.
Fractional molecular charge studied via molecular vibrational properties. Specific aspects in Jahn–Teller active molecular species
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: September 2016

Jahn–Teller active and inactive vibrational modes are affected in a different manner by charge removal.
Quantitative measurements of charge carrier hopping transport properties in depleted-heterojunction PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells from temperature dependent current–voltage characteristics
Authors: Mandelis Andreas , Hu Lilei , Wang Jing
Published: September 2016

Non-conventional (anomalous) current–voltage characteristics are reported with increasing frequency for colloidal quantum dot-based (CQD) solar cells.
Label-free target identification using in-gel fluorescence difference via thermal stability shift
Authors: Park Hankum , Ha Jaeyoung , Koo Ja Young , Park Jongmin , Park Seung Bum
Published: September 2016

A label-free method for proteome-wide target identification was developed using in-gel fluorescence difference caused by thermal stability shift.
Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of Ce0.9Fe3.75Ni0.25Sb12p-type skutterudite by tellurium addition
Authors: Fu Liangwei , Jiang Qinghui , Yang Junyou , Peng Jiangying , Xiao Ye , Luo Yubo , Zhou Zhiwei , Zhang Dan
Published: September 2016

Te addition in p-type skutterudites induces multiple effects: augmentation of effective mass, distortion of Sb4rings, formation of hierarchical microstructure.
Photoinduced degradation of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite semiconductors
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Brandl Marco , May Benjamin , Levchuk Ievgen , Hou Yi , Richter Moses , Chen Haiwei , Chen Shi , Kahmann Simon , Osvet Andres , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans-Peter , Hock Rainer , Matt Gebhard J. , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: September 2016

Photoinduced degradation mechanisms of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films under vacuum and in air are reported.
Fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density for flexible/wearable energy storage
Authors: Li Yong , Yan Xiaoqin , Zheng Xin , Si Haonan , Li Minghua , Liu Yichong , Sun Yihui , Jiang Yaru , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2016

Fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density and excellent mechanical stability.
Sodium-ion storage performance of hierarchically structured (Co1/3Fe2/3)Se2nanofibers with fiber-in-tube nanostructures
Authors: Hong Young Jun , Kim Jung Hyun , Chan Kang Yun
Published: September 2016

Hierarchically structured (Co1/3Fe2/3)Se2nanofibers with fiber-in-tube nanostructures were prepared by an electrospinning process and subsequent selenization. The synergetic effects of the hierarchical structures and ultrafine nanorods with high electrical conductivity resulted in superior rate performance of the hierarchically structured (Co1/3Fe2/3)Se2nanofibers.
Polypyrrole-coated poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin nanofibrous membranes promoting neural cell proliferation and differentiation with electrical stimulation
Authors: Sun Binbin , Wu Tong , Wang Juan , Li Dawei , Wang Jing , Gao Qiang , Bhutto M. Aqeel , El-Hamshary Hany , Al-Deyab Salem S. , Mo Xiumei
Published: September 2016

Conductive nanofiber membranes were developed by coating Ppy on PLCL/SF nanofibersvia in situoxidative polymerization.
Micropatterning by controlled liquid instabilities and its applications
Authors: Hyun Dong Choon , Park Minwoo , Jeong Unyong
Published: September 2016

Guided-assembly is very promising for generating patterned microstructures due to its simplicity and cost-efficiency. This article reviews the guided-assembly strategies for micropatterning that are based on the manipulation of instabilities of liquid solutions or polymer melts to be patterned.
N-Glycosylation influences transport, but not cellular trafficking, of a neuronal amino acid transporter SNAT1
Authors: Iyer Rugmani Padmanabhan , Gu Sumin , Jiang Jean X.
Published: September 2016

SNAT1 is a system N/A neutral amino acid transporter that primarily expresses in neurons and mediates the transport of l-glutamine (Gln). Gln is an important amino acid involved in multiple cellular functions and also is a precursor for neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA. In the present study, we demonstrated that SNAT1 is an N-glycoprotein expressed in neurons. We identified three glycosylation sites at asparagine residues 251, 257 and 310 in SNAT1 protein, and that the first two are the primary sites. The biotinylation and confocal immunofluorescence analysis showed that the glycosylation-impaired mutants and deglycosylated SNAT1 were equally capable of expressing on the cell surface. However, l-Gln and 3H-labeled methyl amino isobutyrate (MeAIB) was significantly compromised in N-glycosylation-impaired mutants and deglycosylated SNAT1 when compared with the wild-type control. Taken together, these results suggest that SNAT1 is an N-glycosylated protein with three de novo glycosylation sites and N-glycosylation of SNAT1 may play an important role in the transport of substrates across the cell membrane.
Short‐ and open‐stub loaded spiral resonator and its application in planar microstrip filters
Authors: Xu Kai Da , Xu Han , Liu Yanhui , Ai Jing , Liu Qing Huo
Published: September 2016

A novel short‐ and open‐stub loaded spiral resonator (SOSL‐SR) is presented and analysed by the odd‐ and even‐mode method to obtain three controllable resonant modes. Therefore, a triple‐mode bandpass filter (BPF) has been designed with good frequency selectivity based on the proposed SOSL‐SR. Then, by dividing these three resonant modes into two passbands or stopbands, a dual‐band BPF and a dual‐band bandstop filter using the proposed SOSL‐SR have been demonstrated. Because of the spiral structure, the sizes of these three designed microstrip filters are reduced significantly. Good agreement between simulated and measured results validates the design concept.
Deriving the phase synchronisation requirement for outdoor long‐term evolution small cell enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination
Authors: Dominique Charles , Dominique David
Published: September 2016

This study addresses the phase synchronisation requirement for optimal enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination operation for outdoor small cells in a long‐term evolution heterogeneous network with a macro overlay.
Successful Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm Caused by an Ectatic Vertebral Artery Accompanying Agenesis of the Carotid Artery
Authors: Takeda Ririko , Ookawara Mai , Fushihara Goji , Kobayashi Masahito , Fujimaki Takamitsu
Published: September 2016

We report the successful treatment of a patient with hemifacial spasm due to a tortuous vertebral artery that appeared to have developed to compensate for agenesis of the ipsilateral carotid artery. The 51-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of progressive left hemifacial spasm. His medical history was otherwise unremarkable except for untreated mild hypertension. Magnetic resonance angiography and bone window computed tomography demonstrated congenital agenesis of the left carotid artery and compression of the root exit zone of the left facial nerve by a tortuous left vertebral artery (VA). Microvascular decompression was performed via a left suboccipital craniotomy, and the offending vessel was identified using endoscopy. The vertebral artery was successfully transposed using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and a PTFE ball (Bard PTFE felt, Tempe, Arizona). This is the first report of a patient with hemifacial spasm caused by an ectatic VA associated with agenesis of the ipsilateral carotid artery.
Sommer, Sonne, Hitzenotfall – Nicht selten lebensgefährlich
Authors: Jörg Daniela , Bauderer Edgar
Published: September 2016

Elf der zwölf vergangenen Jahre gehörten zu den heißesten seit Beginn der Temperaturaufzeichnung. Die Klimaveränderung hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf Wetter, Flora und Fauna, sondern auch den Rettungsdienst: Die Zahl der Hitzenotfälle steigt 1. Viele Retter unterschätzen Sonnenstich, Hitzschlag und Co., dabei kann es zu teils lebensgefährlichen Komplikationen kommen.
Notes on the relativistic movement of runaway electrons in parallel electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Delong Vojtěch Adalbert , Beňo Radek , Břeň David , Kulhánek Petr
Published: September 2016

Runaway electrons are a potential threat in many plasma devices. At high velocities, the plasma acceleration is not further offset by collisions in the plasma, as in the ohmic regime. The particles obtain relativistic velocity and considerable energy. A typical configuration includes parallel electric and magnetic fields, in which there are no drifts, and the movement of the charged particles is a combination of gyration motion with the acceleration in an electric field. It follows from the Lorentz equation of motion that the transverse velocity component (perpendicular to the fields) will be interconnected with the longitudinal component via the Lorentz factor. The increasing longitudinal velocity will therefore ultimately reduce the magnitude of the transverse velocity component, thereby decreasing the gyrofrequency. The corresponding change in Larmor radius will be offset by the increase in the particle mass and the Larmor radius of gyration therefore remains unchanged. We derive analytical relations for the temporal and spatial dependences of frequency, and longitudinal and transverse components of the velocity.
Switching photoluminescence channels between dopant Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in ZnO thin films by varying the post-annealing conditions
Authors: Akazawa Housei , Shinojima Hiroyuki
Published: September 2016

An Eu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Eu) is an extensively investigated optical material. While most studies reported photoluminescence (PL) from Eu3+ ions resulting from the electronic transitions between 4f levels (5D0→7FJ), the evidence of emissions from Eu2+ ions remains limited. Here, we report that a violet emission in the wavelength region between 450 and 500 nm emerged from the sputter-deposited ZnO:Eu films that were post-annealed at 900 °C in an O2 ambient. This emission peak was away from the band edge and the defect green emissions of ZnO, and it was identified as being from Eu2+ ions. Simultaneous emergence of the red emission bands at wavelengths longer than 600 nm indicated that Zn vacancies (VZn) were created during a high-temperature annealing and that producing VZn promoted substitution at Zn2+ sites with Eu2+ ions. In contrast, when annealing was done in a vacuum, the defect emissions were attenuated and the PL spectra showed only band-edge emissions. Here, it can be interpreted that this reduced state, where some oxygen atoms have been removed from the ZnO lattice, has a short lifetime of excitons. In contrast, loading hydrogen atoms into the a ZnO lattice by annealing in an H2 ambient at 350 °C generated a weak Eu3+ emission at 612 nm along with an orange emission band ranging from 550 to 650 nm, which was from the OH termination at the surfaces and interfaces of the ZnO crystals. In this system, a codoping of H+ with Eu3+ ions assists the substitution at Zn2+ sites through a charge compensation. The present results, thus, demonstrate that the emergence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ emissions can be simply controlled by selecting the annealing conditions.