bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of micronutrient status on thyroid function in adolescent Afghan refugees; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaheen Saima , Shahzad Muhammad , Sher Nabila , Khan Muhammad Shabbir , Iqbal Khalid , Ahmad Habab Ali , Andrews Simon C
Published: November 2024

Micronutrients play crucial role in several metabolic processes including thyroid hormone metabolism and functions. The current study aimed to assess the associations between thyroid hormone levels and micronutrient status in a cohort of adolescents Afghan refugees residing in a refugee camp in Pakistan. A randomised, community based, cross-sectional study design was employed to recruit 206 adolescent (both male and female) Afghan refugees aged 10–19 years. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric assessments and blood samples were collected using standard methods. Serum vitamins, minerals and thyroid hormones levels were assessed using ELISA, electrochemiluminescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) respectively. Overall results showed the median levels of T3 and TSH were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in younger adolescents (10–14 years) compared to 15–18 years old while T4 significantly higher in boys compared to girls. Correlational analysis between serum micronutrients status (vitamin D, vitamin B12, ferritin, folate, zinc, copper, selenium) and thyroid hormones revealed significant relationship in different age groups. Overall, vitamin D exhibits a statistically significant positive correlation with T4 (r = 0.279) in the combined, younger (r = 0.277) and older (r = 0.319) age groups. In contrast, a statistically significant but negative correlation was observed when zinc levels were compared with T3 (r=-0.288) in the older age group and with T4 (r=-0.195) in the younger age group. In conclusion, micronutrients status especially vitamin D and zinc have important implications for thyroid health thereby requiring close monitoring of any thyroid deficiency related disorders in vulnerable population such as refugees. Clinical trial number: Not applicable
Investigation on Shape-Properties Integrated Fabrication of MF-WEDM for Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Liang Jingwei , Wang Yan , Lin Kun , Zhao Lihui , Chen Yu , Chen Yizhang
Published: November 2024

In order to establish a shape- properties integrated digital twin framework for magnetic field assisted electrical discharge machining (MF-WEDM), this study developed a multi-scale wettability simulation model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), which directly correlates micro-morphological parameters of the surface with performance metrics, thereby enabling the direct simulation of virtual surface properties. Secondly, the influences of the virtual surface roughness and waviness on the antenna of MF-WEDM were studied for the first time by using the constructed multiphase flow model, which provided a foundational basis for optimizing both process and texture parameters. Then the texture surface with orthogonal geometric parameters was designed and its wetting characteristics were simulated. The geometric parameters of the texture were optimized according to the simulation results of contact angle (CA) and wetting state. Finally, a superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical structure was fabricated using MF-WEDM process in one step, and the simulation results were validated. The research results indicate that the unique rough surface formed by MF-WEDM can enhance the CA of TC4 surface from 79° to 113°, while appropriately designed submillimeter micro-grooves can further increase it to 151.3°, accompanied by a sliding angle (SA) of 8.6° as measured using small droplets (5 µL). the wetting states obtained from both LBM simulations and experiments are in complete agreement, with average error of only 1.3° and standard deviation of 4.6° for the CA. The developed all-digital model can directly realize the unique surface function in the cutting and forming process of parts, and has an important reference for the efficient preparation of functional surfaces.
The Helping Relationship Competence of the Family Health Team in Addressing Elderly Malnutrition: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Design Study
Authors: Taveira Adriana Sofia , Macedo Ana Paula , Ribeiro Jaime , Lamego Ana , Ferreira Marlene , Costa Patrício
Published: November 2024

Background: Malnutrition in elderly people is a pressing public health issue, particularly in community settings, with prevalence estimates ranging from 0% to 83%. This variability highlights the complexity of accurately assessing malnutrition, which is influenced by multiple factors, including the socioeconomic and clinical profiles of elderly people. Despite its widespread impact, there is a clear gap in the literature regarding the role of healthcare professionals, particularly the influence of their helping relationship skills, on malnutrition outcomes in ageing populations. The research addresses this by exploring the critical relationship between malnutrition in elderly people and the helping relationship skills of their family health team (FHT), providing valuable insights that can inform clinical practice and improve care strategies in primary health care (PHC) settings.
Methods: A mixed cross-sectional design was used to survey 371 community-dwelling elderly individuals through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and their FHT viathe Inventory of Helping Relationship Skills (ICRA). Multivariate analyses were performed on the quantitative data. The qualitative approach was considered via the focus group (FG) technique. Thematic content analysis was performed on their discourse.
Results: The study found that 29.2% of elderly people in PHC were malnourished. Significant differences were associated with sex (p=.048), age (p<.001), marital status (p=.023), educational level (p=.020) and diabetes status (p=.007). Logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.07), cohabitation (OR=0.372), diabetes (OR=2.85), and, of note, empathic competence of the FHT (OR=0.869) as important predictors of malnutrition. FHT empathy stood out as a significant independent factor, highlighting the essential role of compassionate, person-centred care in determining an elderly person's nutritional status. Despite the critical importance of adequate nutrition for the health of elderly people, FHTs pointed to the lack of validated nutritional screening tools in PHC. These findings highlight the need not only to improve clinical screening tools but also to strengthen the relational and empathic skills of health professionals, both of which are essential to effectively address malnutrition in this vulnerable population.
Conclusions: Malnutritionis frequently underdiagnosed at PHC. Nevertheless, the FHT’s exceptional empathic skills were emphasised as a powerful tool to mitigate this phenomenon.
A Metagenomic Study of Antibiotic Resistance Across Diverse Soil Types and Geographical Locations
Authors: Pillay Stephanie , Tepeli Yasin , Lent Paul van , Abeel Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background: Soil naturally harbours antibiotic resistant bacteria and is considered to be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. The overuse of antibiotics across human, animal, and environmental sectors has intensified this issue leading to an increased acquisition of antibiotic resistant genes by bacteria in soil. Various biogeographical factors, such as soil pH, temperature, and pollutants, play a role in the spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance in soil. In this study, we utilised publicly available metagenomic datasets from four different soil types (rhizosphere, urban, natural, and rural areas) sampled from nine distinct geographic locations to explore the patterns of antibiotic resistance in soils from different regions.
Results: Bradyrhizobiumwas predominant in vegetation soil types regardless of soil pH and temperature. ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa was prevalent in rural soil samples. Antibiotic resistance gene families such as 16s rRNA with mutations conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, OXA β-lactamase, ANT(3''), and the RND and MFS efflux pump gene were identified in all soil types, with their abundances influenced by anthropogenic activities, vegetation, and climate in different geographical locations. Plasmids were more abundant in rural soils and were linked to aminoglycoside resistance. Integrons and integrative elements identified were associated with commonly used and naturally occurring antibiotics, showing similar abundances across different soil types and geographical locations.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance in soil may be driven by anthropogenic activities and biogeographical factors, increasing the risk of bacteria developing resistance and leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates in humans and animals.
Details matter: Defining substrate specificity in arogenate versus prephenate dehydratases
Authors: Clayton Emily J. , Smith-Uffen Megan , Duennwald Martin L. , Kohalmi Susanne E.
Published: November 2024

Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid that can only be synthesized de novo by microorganisms and plants. In microorganisms, phenylalanine is synthesized through the prephenate pathway, requiring the activity of a prephenate dehydratase (PDT). In plants, phenylalanine is synthesized instead mostly through the arogenate pathway, requiring the enzyme arogenate dehydratase (ADT). In Arabidopsis, there is a family of six ADTs that catalyze this final step of phenylalanine biosynthesis. However, two of the AtADTs, AtADT1 and AtADT2, can also act as PDTs. All six AtADTs have a high sequence similarity, making it difficult to determine in silico which amino acids determine substrate specificity. Here we use domain swapping, targeted mutagenesis and pha2 yeast complementation to identify amino acids that confer PDT activity. In addition, we established a novel in vivo test of ADT activity to determine how these amino acid changes affect ADT and PDT activity of the AtADTs. Our results demonstrate that a combination of amino acids in the regulatory ACT domain are responsible for both ADT and PDT activity in the AtADTs.
Surgery versus Carboplatin and Cisplatin followed by Radiotherapies and Surgery in Locally advanced Gastrointestinal tract Cancer
Authors: Ye Xuxing , Wu Zhangqiang , Teng Weijun , Zhang Yili , Chen Yanping , Sheng Lin , Lin Junmei , Wang Xiaobo
Published: November 2024

Background: Gastrointestinal tract cancer is still prevalent in the world. Localized GI cancer treatment has greatly relied on surgery, even for locally advanced diseases. Aim and objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the prognosis of direct surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery in patients with locally advanced GI tract cancers.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on patients diagnosed with locally advanced GI cancers who were treated at Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital between the period Jan 2021 to December 2023, total number of patients was 245. Patients were divided into two cohorts: DS of 107 and CRS of 138. Disease-free survival was the main predictor, while the others were considered secondary endpoints; these were overall survival, pathological complete response rate, postoperative complications, and R0 resection rate.
Results: Disease-specific survival benefitted the CRS cohort relative to the DS cohort with a 2-year DFS of 76.81% compared to 65.42% (p= 0. 049). Median DFS also favored the CRS group (34. 7 months vs 28. 3 months, p = 0. 023). While not statistically significant, there was a trend towards improved OS in the CRS cohort (2-year OS rate: The results are as follows: 81. 16% versus 72. 90%, p=0.124. The CRS group had higher resection of R0 (92.8% vs 86.0%, p=0.082), and similarly, the local recurrence and distant metastases, although non-significant, were lower in this group.
Conclusion: Locally advanced GI tract cancer appears to be improved from neoadjuvant-applied chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery rather than upfront surgery. Whereas, the trend about OS was in favor of the CRS approach, perhaps more time is required to observe these differences. The multimodal technique had reasonable presurgical toxicities and did not worsen the rate of postoperative complications. These findings support the consideration of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can be recommended as a viable treatment approach for locally advanced GI tract cancers but future comparative prospective trials must be conducted to determine long-term survivals and quality of life patterns.
Physiological responses and gene expression of Gracilaria chilensis under infection of the green epiphyte Ulva sp
Authors: SOLANA SARA USANDIZAGA , Beltrán Jessica , Vargas Jaime , Figueroa Álvaro , Faugeron Sylvain , Guillemin Marie-Laure , Camus Carolina
Published: November 2024

Ulva sp. infection in seaweed is considered one of the most harmful infections, since it penetrates deep into the host cell wall and disorganizes the cortical tissue. In Gracilaria chilensis farms, epiphytism is one of the major biological problems and strong fluctuations in this rhodophyta landings have been documented in the past decades. The present study evaluated the damage of Ulva sp. infection through histological assessment, germination of the epiphytic algal spores on G. chilensis, the photosynthetic response and gene expression associated with stress after exposure to epiphyte infection. The histological results showed a significant and a characteristic damage according to the type of infection described by this species. In addition, a higher infection in farmed than in natural individuals was observed, along with increased photoinhibition of the maximum fluorescence quantum yield (Fv/Fm). Two genes, one related to photosynthesis (PSBO) and the other responsible for neutralizing free superoxide radicals (SOD-C), followed the same pattern. VBPO, a gene related to the halo-organic compounds synthesis, showed a higher expression in infected thalli, independent of the population type, suggesting a higher protection of the alga from oxidative damage. This study confirms the sensibility of farmed populations of G. chilensis to infection by Ulva sp. and the existence of an active response to early infection.
A Covalent Chemical Probe for Chikungunya nsP2 Cysteine Protease with Antialphaviral Activity and Proteome-wide Selectivity
Authors: Willson Timothy , Ghoshal Anirban , Tse Edwin , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Asressu Kesatebrhan Haile , Merten Eric , Sears John , Howell Stefanie , Perveen Sumers , Burdick Jane , Morales Noah , Martinez Sabian , Law Isabella , Bennett Davenport , Morrison Thomas , Strebblow Zachary , Streblow Daniel , Mordant Angie , Webb Thomas , Cabrera Aurora , Herring Laura , Arrowsmith Cheryl , Pearce Kenneth , Moorman Nathaniel , Heise Mark , Couñago Rafael Miguez , Brown Peter
Published: November 2024

RA-0003022 (3) was identified as a high-quality covalent chemical probe for Chikungunya nsP2 cysteine protease (nsP2pro). Isoxazole 3 covalently captured the active site C478 and inactivated the enzyme with kinact/Ki ratio of 6000 M–1s–1. A negative control analog RA-0025453 (4) retained the covalent warhead but demonstrated >100-fold decrease in enzyme inhibition. Isoxazoles 3 and 4 were stable cross a wide range of pH in solution and upon prolonged storage as solids. The covalent chemical probe 3 was inactive across a panel of 23 human and viral cysteine proteases and demonstrated remarkable proteome-wide selectivity by two chemoproteomic methods. Isoxazole 3 reduced viral titer against infectious isolates of Chikungunya, Mayaro, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses demonstrating its activity on both New and Old World alphaviruses. Isoxazole 3 and its negative control 4 will find utility as covalent chemical probes to study the role of the nsP2pro in alphaviral replication and virulence.
The Impact of the Intensity and Changes in Persistent Social Isolation among Middle and Older Adults on Frailty
Authors: Kim Min-Soo , Kim Hyun-Joo , Kim Jang Mook
Published: November 2024

Objective
The dynamic nature of mental health, such as social isolation, is constantly changing and can negatively impact frailty, including the physical and mental health of middle-aged and older. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the intensity and changes in continuous social isolation on frailty in the middle-aged and older population, while identifying vulnerable groups based on individual characteristics.
Methods
This study was conducted using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from 2006 to 2022. The study included 5,349 middle-aged and older people aged 45 or older. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to observe the impact of the intensity and change of persistent social isolation on frailty. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted, taking gender and age into account.
Results
The GBTM analysis identified seven social isolation trajectories: Sustained Not SI (14.8%), Changed Mild to Severe SI (4.3%), Changed Not to Mild SI (14.1%), Sustained Mild SI (37.1%), Sustained Moderate SI (11.4%), Sustained Severe SI (6.8%), and Changed Mild to Not SI (11.4%). In terms of the intensity of social isolation, compared to the Sustained Not SI group, the frailty index was significantly higher in the Sustained Severe SI group (β: 0.053, SE: 0.007, 95% CI: 0.040-0.067, P-value <0.001). In terms of changes in social isolation, the frailty index was higher in the Changed Mild to Severe SI group (β: 0.039, SE: 0.007, 95% CI: 0.026-0.053, P-value <0.001). This tendency was more pronounced in female and aged 65 + in the subgroup analyses by gender and age.
Conclusion
In the middle-aged and older age groups, the risk of frailty may increase when experiencing continuous social isolation intensity and changes. This effect was particularly high in female and in the older age group. Therefore, it is important to develop social activity support policies for early intervention and customized health management by considering various factors such as gender and age.
Prediction of SafD adhesin strong binding peptides for pilus proteins assembly suppression in the prevention of Salmonella-induced biofilm formation using virtual mutagenesis studies
Authors: Samanta Priyanka , Ghorai Sourav
Published: November 2024

Clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica contain Saf pili that establish initial bacterial attachment with the human epithelium to form biofilms which are a common cause of several abdominal complications. Due to the rise in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, an alternate strategy of inhibiting the initial bacterial contact with the epithelial layers is well-studied. Saf pili undergo a chaperone-usher pathway assembly mechanism to generate its host-recognizing functional form, SafDAA. Preventing the biogenesis of the pili by targeting the SafD and SafA proteins polymerization will prevent host recognition. In this study, virtual mutagenesis studies using the recently reported X-ray crystal structure of an N-terminal peptide co-crystallized with SafD led to the design of peptides that exhibit enhanced binding with SafD compared to its native peptide. Virtual alanine mutagenesis and protein–peptide interaction studies identified several hotspot residues. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations identified key pairwise interactions between the designed peptides and SafD. In addition, a library of 110 peptides that are predicted to bind strongly with SafD is prepared which can serve as an excellent resource for the discovery of novel SafD-binding peptides. This work provided new insights into the design of novel anti-virulence therapies targeting Salmonella enterica.
Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxicity, anti-trypanosomal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Clausena anisata fruit, Azadirachta indica leaf and stem bark extracts
Authors: Kumatia Emmanuel Kofi , Zoiku Felix Kwame , Baffour Kyei , Anokye-Kumatia Anne Boakyewaa , Asase Alex
Published: November 2024

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease which kills humans and animals as a result of hematological distortions, oxidative stress, tissue and neuro inflammations. This study reports on the difference in cytotoxicity, anti-trypanosomal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from Clausena anisata (CFE), Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf (NLE) and stem bark (NSBE), medicinal plants used to treat HAT in endemic communities. The extracts remarkably inhibited Trypanosomal brucei brucei (Gutat 3.1) parasite in vitro with CFE recording the highest effect with IC50 of 0.0055 (0.0955) µg/mL The IC50 of the standard Coptis japonicum, was 0.5957 (0.0693) µg/mL. Also, the anti-trypanosomal activity of NLE was 123.34% higher than that of NSBE. Percentage number of wells containing viable T. b. brucei parasites were very significantly (P < 0.001) reduced for all the extracts after 48 h of incubation. Furthermore, the extracts did not show cytotoxicity against the liver (HepG2) cells (CC50s > 100 µg/mL and SI = 13.12–32,025.45). NSBE contained the highest quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and also produced the highest anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 4.99 ± 0.018) and protein denaturation assay (IC50 = 0.1805 ± 0.0002 µg/mL). In addition, phytochemical analysis showed that NLE contained the highest number of classes of phytochemical constituents (7) among the extracts. These results indicates that CFE, NLE and NSBE possessed significant anti-trypanosomal activity as a result of their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. However, a different mechanism was also involved in the anti-trypanosomal activity of CFE and NLE, since their anti-trypanosomal activity is greater than NSBE which demonstrated the highest anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to the remarkable anti-trypanosomal action of CFE, its constituents are being isolated for possible development into novel anti-trypanosomal agents.
Barby und die botanische Praxis der Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine im 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Ehrlacher Richard , Müller Frank , Wagner Sarah T. , Frenzke Lena , Ruhland Thomas
Published: November 2024

Der vorliegende Sonderband untersucht die botanische Praxis der Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Dazu werden die Geschichte der Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine und ihre Verbindung zur Naturgeschichte, vor allem der Botanik, vorgestellt. Das im Herbarium Dresdense aufbewahrte, heute noch 1.260 Belege umfassende Herbarium Barbiense wird aus botanischer und kulturhistorischer Perspektive erstmalig ausführlich präsentiert. Die Pflanzenbelege mit Fundangaben aus der Umgebung von Barby an der Elbe unweit südöstlich von Magdeburg (Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland) werden in Verbindung mit zwei für die Analyse zentralen Quellen, der Flora Barbiensis von Friedrich Adam Scholler (Scholler 1775, 1787) und einem handschriftlichen Exkursionstagebuch von 1766 (Bossart 1766) ausgewertet. Es erfolgt eine Nachbestimmung aller erhaltenen Pflanzenbelege sowie eine kurze Vorstellung jener Belege im Herbarium Barbiense, welche nicht in der Umgebung von Barby gesammelt wurden. Dazu gehören Belege aus Grönland, den USA und Indien, aber auch aus anderen Gebieten Deutschlands.
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN SEBAGAI KEPALA KELUARGA DALAM KONSTRUK SOSIAL RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Kadir Musyarrafah Abdul
Published: November 2024

The concept of gender in Islam does not differentiate between the sexes of males and females. Women and men play crucial roles in every aspect of life, particularly as spouses cooperating in navigating the dynamics of household life. The purpose of this writing is to describe that women, especially as wives with dual roles as heads of the family, are capable of empowering themselves and their children, as well as revitalizing family functions for the sake of well-being, tranquility, and harmony within their households. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using library research, focusing on gathering data and facts related to the research topic and analyzing the data descriptively. The results of this study conclude that women are capable of playing roles beyond their traditional roles as homemakers; they can act as household heads. Empowering women as household heads is a manifestation of their self-reliance and personal capability in addressing the issues within their households amidst their busy schedules of caring for their children, aiming for the continuity of life and the welfare of their families.
Extensão e impacto social: projeto “Capacitação de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade como estratégia de geração de renda e inclusão social”
Authors: CASTRO Eliane Maciel , LEÃO Renato Gonçalves , MACIEL Karoline Wanzeler , BARROSO João Marcos Lopes , LISBOA Giovani Guimarães , ANDRADE Josiele Pantoja de , MAGALHÃES Tamires da Silva , SOUSA Fagner Freires de
Published: November 2024

A vulnerabilidade social é uma situação enfrentada por grande parte da população brasileira, com destaque para as mulheres, portanto, são necessárias ações que contribuam para superação desse cenário, a exemplo de cursos de capacitação. Nesse contexto, em 2023, foi executado, no Campus Cametá do IFPA, o projeto “Capacitação de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social como estratégia de geração de renda e inclusão social”, que teve como objetivo a qualificação profissional de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade. Assim, este artigo apresenta a experiência vivenciada no projeto. As capacitações ocorreram por meio de oficinas teórico-práticas que beneficiaram 82 mulheres, em boas práticas na manipulação de alimentos, produção de doces, geleias, sabão e sabonete, além de estratégias de comercialização, incentivando o empreendedorismo feminino. Além dos benefícios à comunidade, o projeto contribuiu à formação discente, estimulando o desenvolvimento profissional e de senso crítico.
Toxina Botulínica Tipo A e as Complicações Associadas ao uso na Harmonização Facial
Authors: André Beathriz Schuab Frias Gomes , Almeida Gabriella Sales , Mendonça Ana Carolina da Fonseca
Published: November 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender as complicações associadas ao processo de aplicação da toxina botulínica do tipo A na harmonização facial, por meio da revisão de literatura. Para a revisão, foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, Google Acadêmico e SciELO e, como estratégia, foram definidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A toxina botulínica tipo A tem sido amplamente utilizada em todo mundo para tratamentos estéticos e, apesar de ser segura e eficaz, pode trazer complicações aos pacientes. Tudo isso fez com que tal toxina ganhasse notoriedade nas clínicas e no campo científico. Os resultados mostram que a ptose, os hematomas/equimose e os edemas foram as complicações que mais apareceram nesta revisão. No entanto, a maioria das complicações é leve a moderada, transitória e autolimitada. Além disso, os resultados evidenciam que é preciso compreender a anatomia e as funções dos músculos alvo, individualizar o tratamento e ter conhecimento amplo para se evitar complicações. Esta pesquisa tem o potencial de contribuir para a melhoria das práticas clínicas, aumentando a segurança e a eficácia do uso da toxina botulínica na estética facial, e chama atenção para a importância da formação contínua e da atualização dos profissionais que utilizam a toxina botulínica para garantir a segurança e a eficácia dos procedimentos.
The mediating role of financial reporting aggressiveness in corporate tax avoidance strategies
Authors: Kusumawati Andi , Mahmudi Chamdun , Suhanda Suhanda , Iqra Pradipta Natsir Andi , Indra Hermansyah Fakhrul , Try Dharsana Muhammad , Ridho Hafizh Thaha Rianda
Published: November 2024

Tax avoidance, often driven by managerial discretion, remains a critical issue in corporate governance due to its implications for financial transparency and regulatory compliance. This study investigates how Transfer Pricing, Thin Capitalization, Leverage, and CSR Disclosure – strategies employed by managers – affect Tax Avoidance and examines the mediating role of Financial Reporting Aggressiveness. Grounded in agency theory, the study analyzes data from 20 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that Transfer Pricing (β = 0.062, p = 0.002), Leverage (β = 0.046, p < 0.001), and CSR Disclosure (β = 0.061, p < 0.001) significantly increase Tax Avoidance, with Financial Reporting Aggressiveness acting as a mediator. However, Thin Capitalization does not significantly influence Tax Avoidance (β = 0.028, p = 0.422). These results suggest that managers exploit these mechanisms to minimize tax burdens, often at the cost of long-term shareholder interests. The study calls for stronger corporate governance and stricter oversight of CSR reporting and financial transparency to mitigate such practices.
Relationships between leadership style, career development, work stress, and turnover intention in a high-tech industry: Moderating role of psychological contract
Authors: Ru Liu , Ibrahim Hadziroh
Published: November 2024

Employee turnover is an unavoidable part of business development, costing important human resources and impeding long-term growth and strategy implementation. To maintain a steady workforce, businesses must prioritize understanding and addressing this issue. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of leadership style, career development, and work stress on turnover intention in the high-tech industry and to investigate the moderating role of psychological contracts in these relationships. The sample consists of 380 employees of the R&D departments in high-tech companies in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China, mainly engaged in the electronic information, advanced manufacturing, and automation sectors. The data were gathered via an online questionnaire, and the Smart-PLS approach was used to analyze the data. The empirical findings indicate that transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and career development are significantly and negatively related to turnover intention, whereas work stress has a significant positive effect. The psychological contract moderates the relationship between career development and turnover intention; the higher the psychological contract, the stronger the relationship. In addition, the psychological contract moderates the relationship between work stress and turnover intention, whereby the higher the psychological contract, the weaker the relationship. However, no empirical evidence suggests that the psychological contract moderates the relationship between leadership styles and turnover intention. The R² value is 0.485, indicating moderate explanatory power, and with a GOF index of 0.492, the model also demonstrates a good fit with the data. This study offers considerable implications for both theoretical and practical applications.
Airflow characteristics of the stepped dropshaft in the deep tunnel storage system
Authors: Sun Jingkang , Fei Zhaodan , Qian Shangtuo , Feng Jiangang , Xu Hui , Liu Jiachun , Zhang Rui
Published: November 2024

The deep tunnel storage system, mainly consisting of underground tunnels and dropshafts, is effective for dealing with urban waterlogging. A stepped dropshaft is suitable for the system to safely transport water to underground tunnels and efficiently release air carried by water. In this study, the air inflow discharge, air vent discharge, and air discharge into underground tunnels are investigated experimentally. As the dimensionless water flow discharge increases to 0.56, the water flow successively forms the nappe flow, transition flow, and skimming flow regimes, the relative air inflow discharge decreases from 0.97 to 0.32, the relative air vent discharge decreases from 0.85 to 0.22, and the relative air discharge into underground tunnels fluctuates below 0.20. The exhaust capacity (the ratio of air vent discharge to air inflow discharge) reaches a maximum of 0.87 at the threshold between the nappe flow and the transition flow. Influences of flow discharge, step height, step rotation angle, outlet diameter of central exhaust pipe, and underground tunnel blockage on airflow characteristics are revealed. The prediction formulas for air inflow discharge, air vent discharge, and exhaust capacity are obtained with accuracies over 80%, providing a guide to the practical design and operation of stepped dropshafts.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE DIREITOS HUMANOS E PRÁTICAS AUTORITÁRIAS: UMA ANÁLISE VOLTADA PARA A TORTURA RETRATADA NA SÉRIE “LA CASA DE PAPEL”
Authors: Correia Daniel Camurça , De Souza Saraiva Gabriella
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a importância dos direitos humanos, e seu caráter universal, na busca pela efetiva proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana, correlacionando com a série “La Casa de Papel”, Álex Pina (2017), o qual foi alcançado através de investigação realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com o uso de referências teóricas, como livros, artigos científicos, monografias e dissertações, notícias, além de dispositivos legais. Constatou-se, também, a existência de um Sistema Internacional de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos, sobretudo no que diz respeito à vedação da tortura, sendo esta decorrente do Poder Punitivo estatal, integrado, principalmente, pela Convenção Contra a Tortura e Outros Tratamentos ou Penas Cruéis, Desumanos ou Degradantes, o Manual para a Investigação e Documentação Eficazes da Tortura e outras Penas ou Tratamentos Cruéis, Desumanos ou Degradantes e as Regras Mínimas para o Tratamento dos Presos. Realizou-se uma busca quanto à situação social vivenciada na Espanha desde 2015, após a aprovação da Lei de Segurança Cidadã, cujo teor revela nuances autoritárias, acarretando o descontentamento da população espanhola, que se opôs à norma. Por fim buscou-se correlacionar a ficção retratada do seriado, e realidade do país no qual o mesmo se situa, a Espanha. A partir da análise dos dados, concluiu-se que as garantias fundamentais são incompatíveis com o autoritarismo, sendo aquelas óbice à este.
Palavras–chave: Direitos humanos. Autoritarismo. Espanha. Tortura. La Casa de Papel.
ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NA PERSPECTIVA DA CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO PENAL
Authors: De Castro Ribeiro Francisco Sidney , Da Silva Júnior Walter Nunes
Published: November 2024

O estudo analisa o acesso à justiça penal, tratando suas especificidades de acordo com o marco constitucional do processo penal, que, como tal, representa instrumento de garantia e limite à persecução criminal. Para tanto, é feita uma abordagem inicial da constitucionalização do ordenamento jurídico, pois é necessário entender o porquê da conformação do processo penal a partir das normas constitucionais. Em sequência, analisa-se o modelo processual penal a partir de sua instrumentalidade constitucional e dos princípios aplicáveis à relação Estado-imputado, entre os quais será destacado o acesso à justiça. Nessa extensão, apresentam-se noções gerais relativas à evolução histórica, ao conteúdo e aos parâmetros constitucionais, para, em incursão mais específica, tratar do acesso à justiça no processo penal, com parâmetros próprios e distintos do processo civil. Conclui-se que o acesso à justiça penal está diretamente relacionado com o equilíbrio subjetivo no processo e o fortalecimento do indivíduo enquanto sujeito de direitos, em um viés emancipatório, principalmente a partir da acessibilidade à informação jurídica e à qualificada compreensão sobre seus direitos e deveres.
Screening of Herbs with Potential Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes for Acute Liver Failure: A Study Based on the Herb-Compound-Target Network and the ssGSEA Algorithm
Authors: Ou Haiya , Qiu Susu , Ye Xiaopeng , Wang Xiaotong
Published: November 2024

Objective:

NLRP3 inflammasomes are considered to be key factors in the pathogenesis
of Acute Liver Failure (ALF). Some NLRP3 inflammasomes are considered to be key factors in the pathogenesis of Acute Liver Failure (ALF). Some Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have shown protec-tive and therapeutic effects against ALF by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes. However, the in-hibitory effects of most TCMs on ALF remain to be further elucidated. This study aimed to screen potential herbs that can treat ALF based on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Methods:

Initially, we constructed the target set for 502 herbs. Subsequently, based on the target set and the gene set related to the NLRP3 inflammasome, using the ssGSEA algorithm, we evaluated herb scores and NLRP3 scores in the ALF expression matrix and performed a preliminary herb screening based on score correlations. Through bioinformatics approaches, we identified the key targets for candidate herbs and determined core herbs based on the herb-compound-target network. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular biology methods validated the screening results of the herbs.

Results:

A total of 18 crucial targets associated with the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome were identified, which included ALDH2, HMOX1, and VEGFA. Subsequently, based on these key targets, a set of 10 primary herbs was chosen, notably Qinghao, Duzhong, and Gouteng. Moreover, the results were verified through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation.

Conclusion:

Ten key herbs have been identified as potential inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, offering insights into ALF therapy for drug development.
The Effects of Resveratrol in a Randomized Clinical Trial on Drug-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Psychiatric Factors in People Living with HIV
Authors: Ahmadi-Mousavi Bahar , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh , Soltani Motahareh , Oghabian Zohreh , Sharifi Hamid
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

People living with HIV (PLHIV) suffer from a range of consequences
related to infection, including hyperlipidemia and neurologic and sleep disorders. Supplements
containing phenolic compounds with high antioxidant properties can reduce these side effects.
Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that improves the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, and viral
infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on hyperlipidemia and neurological
problems in PLHIV in Iran.

Method:

In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 41 PLHIV were randomly assigned to
two groups: a placebo group (n=21) and a resveratrol group (n=20). Triglyceride and cholesterol
levels were determined for all the subjects before and one month after they used the medication.
Additionally, standard questionnaires were used to evaluate the quality of sleep, stress,
depression, and quality of life of the participants. The data were analyzed via analysis of covariance
in Stata 17.0.

Results:

The study population did not significantly differ in terms of age (p=0.49), sex
(p=0.09), marital status (p=0.90), level of education (p=0.90), duration of HIV infection
(p=0.54), or mode of HIV transmission (p=0.51). The administration of resveratrol did not
affect psychological parameters or blood cholesterol (p=0.091) or triglyceride (p=0.932) levels.

Conclusion:

The administration of resveratrol did not affect cholesterol or triglyceride levels
or the rates of depression, anxiety, sleep quality, or quality of life in PLHIV. The resveratrol
supplementation in a large-scale clinical study involving more patients for a longer course of
treatment may have had more significant effects on the serum levels of lipids and psychological
factors.

result:

The study population did not have significant age differences (p=0.49), gender (p=0.09), marital status (p=0.90), level of education (p=0.90), duration of HIV infection (p=0.54), and mode of HIV transmission (p=0.51). Administration of resveratrol did not affect psychological parameters and blood cholesterol (p=0.091) and triglycerides (p=0.932) levels.
Efficient Formylation of Alcohols Using a Core-Shell Magnetic Nanocomposite via Vilsmeier-Haack Complex Formation
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Farzaneh
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The protection of the hydroxyl group as formamides is a crucial initial step in pharmaceutical synthesis.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated the O-formylation of alcohols using dimethylfor-mamide (DMF) in a mixture with a new magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4@Chitosan/POCl2-x.

Results:

The results demonstrate that this core-shell heterogeneous nanocomposite facili-tates the formation of alkylformate, yielding products with high efficiency ranging from 79% to 96% within a remarkably short reaction time of 1 to 12 hours at room temperature, depending on the substrate structure. Significantly, the presence of this nanocomposite ex-hibits remarkable selectivity, favoring the formylation of less hindered benzylic and ali-phatic primary alcohols. However, bulkier alcohols and phenols exhibit lower reactivity under these conditions and thiols do not react. The simplicity of the work-up procedure, combined with the magnetic recyclability, makes it reusable and environmentally friendly.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the efficacy of this novel magnetic nanocomposite in facilitating formylation reactions, emphasizing its potential for application in pharmaceu-tical synthesis and bio compounds. This is due to its attributes of non-toxic nature, stabil-ity, and significant advantages over conventional methodologies.
Carboxylic Acids as Activators of NRF2: Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Effects
Authors: Egbujor Melford Chuka
Published: November 2024

The complex interaction between carboxylic acids and molecular signaling pathways,
particularly the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, is of growing interest in
medicinal chemistry due to its potential therapeutic benefits. Carboxylic acids, which are widely
distributed in nature, are versatile regulators of cellular responses due to their ability to interact
with multiple signaling pathways, especially those involved in combating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Several carboxylic acids exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
They have been identified as potential activators of the NRF2 transcription factor, a key regulator
of endogenous antioxidants that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and modulates the production
of several antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. The potential effects of carboxylic
acid-NRF2 crosstalk are exhibited in a variety of physiological processes, such as attenuation of
oxidative stress and inflammation, detoxification of xenobiotics, and modulation of the immune
system. The molecular docking of some carboxylic acids with NRF2 protein showed that their
binding affinities were comparable to dimethyl fumarate, a reference drug. The current review explores
the evolving landscape of carboxylic acid-NRF2 interactions and their mechanisms of action,
highlighting the possible impact of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation
and oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The natural and synthetic sources of NRF2-activating carboxylic
acids and the role of their chemical and physical properties in influencing NRF2-inducing
activities were discussed. Their potential challenges as future drugs and clinical trial prospects were
also highlighted. Carboxylic acid-NRF2 interactions offer potential for developing therapies that
will attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation.
Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mukherjee Debanjan , Sharma Tarun , Lunawat Akshay Kumar , Awasthi Ankit , Kurmi Balak Das , Kumar Manish , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Thakur Shubham
Published: November 2024

The traditional drug discovery process is notoriously time-consuming, expensive, and
damaged, with high failure rates. However, the recent surge in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has presented
itself as a game-changer in this field. This comprehensive review delves into the profound
impact of AI on various aspects of drug discovery, encompassing crucial stages like target identification,
molecular analysis, compound screening, and even drug development. Machine learning algorithms
are pivotal in analyzing vast datasets to predict important aspects of potential drug candidates.
These predictions include their pharmacokinetic properties (how the body absorbs and eliminates
them) and possible toxicity, effectively streamlining the process and reducing risks associated with
further development. Additionally, AI facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces, enabling
the design and synthesis of novel drug candidates with enhanced efficacy and specificity. The review
highlights AI's transformative potential in drug discovery and acknowledges the existing challenges.
Concerns surrounding data quality, interpretability of AI models, and ethical considerations are addressed,
paving the way for responsible development and integration of AI within the pharmaceutical
industry. Ultimately, this review underscores AI's massive potential in revolutionizing drug discovery,
offering a path towards faster development of life-saving treatments and fostering healthcare
advancements.
Role of Chiral Ionic Liquids in Enantioseparations Using Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Kaur Kuldeep , Bhogal Shikha , Kaur Simrat , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are low-melting compounds composed entirely of ions
that exist as liquids at room temperature. Chiral ionic liquids (CILs) are a subclass of
ILs that possess chiral characteristics. CILs are gaining immense attention as additives
in enantioseparation techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE). Capillary
electrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique used for the separation of chiral
compounds. CILs can affect the separation process through several mechanisms,
including chiral recognition, modification of electrophoretic mobility, acting as a
unique solvent system, and providing a chiral stationary phase. The use of CILs in the
CE system offers several advantages for enantioseparation, including enhanced
separation selectivity, improved resolution, and expanded applicability to a wide range
of chiral compounds. However, the selection of an appropriate CIL and optimization of
experimental conditions are critical to achieving the desired enantioseparation
performance. Taking into account the blossoming research in the field, the present
chapter summarizes the advancement in the application of CILs in capillary
electrophoretic separations, taking examples from recent literature.
Chiral Ionic Liquid Based Biphasic Systems in Enantioseparations
Authors: Babu J. Nagendra , Arora Meenu
Published: November 2024

Aqueous two-phase separation (ATPS) is a powerful, greener tool for the
partitioning-based extraction and concentration of compounds in a mixture. ATPS is
characterized by the separation of the biphasic layers upon the addition of the aqueous
salt solution to aqueous ionic liquids. The aqueous biphasic system using chiral ionic
liquids (CILs) has been studied for the resolution of the chiral molecules and their
enantioseparation. Thus, in this chapter, abrief introduction to the ATPS formation
thermodynamics for the polymer-polymer, polymer-salt, and salt-salt type ionic liquid
isgiven. Apart from this, the effect of the salt, pH, and temperature on the
physicochemical behavior of aqueous biphasic systems is discussed. The chiral ionic
liquid-based ATPS is further categorized as tetrabutylammonium, choline,
imidazolium, tropine, and quinine-based ionic liquids for enantioseparation. The study
includes the effect of salts, cation of IL, anion of IL, temperature, pH, and Cu2+ ions.
The chiral resolution of molecules and biomolecules is studied using these ionic liquids
for amino acids and proteins.