bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of post-operative delirium using an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a pragmatic, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Huet Olivier , Gargadennec Thomas , Oilleau Jean-Ferréol , Rozec Bertrand , Nesseler Nicolas , Bouglé Adrien , Kerforne Thomas , Lasocki Sigismond , Eljezi Vedat , Dessertaine Géraldine , Amour Julien , Chapalain Xavier ,   the EXACTUM and the Atlanrea Study Group, Le Gac Grégoire , Djavidi Nima , Rineau Emmanuel , Eddi Dauphou , Novak Emmanuel , Consigny Maëlys , Ashenoune Karim , Roquilly Antoine , Seguin Philippe , Dayot-Fitzellier Claire , Remerand Francis , Laffon Marc
Published: February 2024

Background

After cardiac surgery, post-operative delirium (PoD) is acknowledged to have a significant negative impact on patient outcome. To date, there is no valuable and specific treatment for PoD. Critically ill patients often suffer from poor sleep condition. There is an association between delirium and sleep quality after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to establish whether promoting sleep using an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.

Methods

Randomized, pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial from January 2019 to July 2021. All adult patients aged 65 years or older requiring elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned 1:1 either to the dexmedetomidine group or the placebo group on the day of surgery. Dexmedetomidine or matched placebo infusion was started the night after surgery from 8 pm to 8 am and administered every night while the patient remained in ICU, or for a maximum of 7 days. Primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative delirium (PoD) within the 7 days after surgery.

Results

A total of 348 patients provided informed consent, of whom 333 were randomized: 331 patients underwent surgery and were analysed (165 assigned to dexmedetomidine and 166 assigned to placebo). The incidence of PoD was not significantly different between the two groups (12.6% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.97). Patients treated with dexmedetomidine had significantly more hypotensive events (7.3% vs 0.6%; p < 0.01). At 3 months, functional outcomes (Short-form 36, Cognitive failure questionnaire, PCL-5) were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

In patients recovering from an elective cardiac surgery, an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine did not decrease postoperative delirium.

Trial registration This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (number: NCT03477344; date: 26th March 2018).
Analyses of fin ray types to detect strontium markers in juvenile blunt-snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: Zhu Yahua , Jiang Tao , Chen Xiubao , Liu Hongbo , Phelps Quinton , Yang Jian
Published: February 2024

Background

Restocking by introducing hatchery-reared fish into wild habitats aids in the restoration of fishery aquatic ecosystems and reefs to increase the abundance of fish resources, restore the ecological balance of water bodies, and enhance ecosystem functioning. Accurately, rapidly, and effectively evaluating the success of restocking using chemical markers (e.g., strontium [Sr]) remains challenging for fisheries management. Consequently, for non-lethal fish sampling, hard tissues, such as fin rays, have received increasing attention as a target for marking method. However, data on the differences in marking different types of fin rays remain limited. Therefore, we exposed juvenile blunt snout bream individuals (Megalobrama amblycephala) to 0 (control group) or 800 mg/L of SrCl2·6H2O (marked group) for 5 days and transferred them into normal aerated water for post-immersion culture. We sampled their pectoral, dorsal, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays. The Sr marks among the fin types were sampled at 0 and 20 days post-immersion and evaluated using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) for the five-day Sr/Ca ratios, along with line transect and Sr mapping analyses.

Results

Sr marking signatures were observed in all fin types in the marked group, with a success rate of up to 100%. Although marking efficiency varied among the different fin ray types, the highest Sr/Ca ratios were most often detected in the dorsal fin. Cross-sectional Sr concentration maps of all fin rays sampled showed high-Sr domains in the marked group; in contrast, the entire cross-sections of the control group displayed low Sr contents, indicating successful marking efficiency.

Conclusions

Fin ray Sr marking is a successful method for juvenile M. amblycephala, with the advantages of non-lethality and negligible sampling injuries, facilitating the rapid and effective evaluation of Sr marking in restocking M. amblycephala.
Social studies teacher competencies in 2050: an e-Delphi study
Authors: Kizilgol Tugce Zehra , Kasapoglu Koray
Published: February 2024

With the input of 16 experts from a variety of social studies disciplines—including anthropology, art, communication, curriculum and instruction, economics, geography, history, law, measurement and assessment, philosophy, politics, psychology, social studies education, sociology, technology, and Turkish language and literature—as well as two social studies teachers, the goal of this research is to determine the competencies that a social studies teacher should possess in 2050. This mixed-method research was designed using the exploratory sequential design and modified Delphi technique. The study group was determined using the maximum variation sampling technique. The whole Delphi process was carried out online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyses showed that the participants agreed on 1 competency under the “Knowledge” theme, 24 competencies under the “Skill” theme, and 6 competencies under the “Attitude” theme regarding the competencies that a social studies teacher should possess in 2050.
What methods are used to examine representation of mental ill-health on social media? A systematic review
Authors: Tudehope Lucy , Harris Neil , Vorage Lieke , Sofija Ernesta
Published: February 2024

There has been an increasing number of papers which explore the representation of mental health on social media using various social media platforms and methodologies. It is timely to review methodologies employed in this growing body of research in order to understand their strengths and weaknesses. This systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the methods used to investigate the representation of mental ill-health on social media, shedding light on the current state of this field. Seven databases were searched with keywords related to social media, mental health, and aspects of representation (e.g., trivialisation or stigma). Of the 36 studies which met inclusion criteria, the most frequently selected social media platforms for data collection were Twitter (n = 22, 61.1%), Sina Weibo (n = 5, 13.9%) and YouTube (n = 4, 11.1%). The vast majority of studies analysed social media data using manual content analysis (n = 24, 66.7%), with limited studies employing more contemporary data analysis techniques, such as machine learning (n = 5, 13.9%). Few studies analysed visual data (n = 7, 19.4%). To enable a more complete understanding of mental ill-health representation on social media, further research is needed focussing on popular and influential image and video-based platforms, moving beyond text-based data like Twitter. Future research in this field should also employ a combination of both manual and computer-assisted approaches for analysis.
Rationally introducing non-canonical amino acids to enhance catalytic activity of LmrR for Henry reaction
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhang Mengting , Teng Haidong , Wang Zhe , Wang Shulin , Li Pengcheng , Wu Jianping , Yang Lirong , Xu Gang
Published: February 2024

The use of enzymes to catalyze Henry reaction has advantages of mild reaction conditions and low contamination, but low enzyme activity of promiscuous catalysis limits its application. Here, rational design was first performed to identify the key amino acid residues in Henry reaction catalyzed by Lactococcal multidrug resistance Regulator (LmrR). Further, non-canonical amino acids were introduced into LmrR, successfully obtaining variants that enhanced the catalytic activity of LmrR. The best variant, V15CNF, showed a 184% increase in enzyme activity compared to the wild type, and was 1.92 times more effective than the optimal natural amino acid variant, V15F. Additionally, this variant had a broad substrate spectrum, capable of catalyzing reactions between various aromatic aldehydes and nitromethane, with product yielded ranging from 55 to 99%. This study improved enzymatic catalytic activity by enhancing affinity between the enzyme and substrates, while breaking limited types of natural amino acid residues by introducing non-canonical amino acids into the enzyme, providing strategies for molecular modifications.

Graphical Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy insufflated and high-flow nasal oxygen pilot trial (BUFFALO protocol pilot trial)
Authors: Humphreys Susan , Schibler Andreas , Williams Tara , Spall Susan , Pham Trang , Atkins Tiffany , Goyal Vikas , Sommerfield David , Sommerfield Aine , Keys Adam , Hauser Neil , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S
Published: February 2024

Background

Hypoxaemia occurs in approximately 30% of children during anaesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) can prolong safe apnoea time and be used in children with abnormal airways. During flexible bronchoscopy, there is limited evidence if HFNO confers advantages over current standard practice in avoiding hypoxaemia. The aim is to investigate feasibility of HFNO use during anaesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy to reduce frequency of rescue oxygenation and hypoxaemia.

Methods

BUFFALO is a bi-centre, unmasked, randomised controlled, parallel group, protocol for a pilot trial comparing HFNO techniques to standard practice during anaesthesia. Children (n = 81) aged > 37 weeks to 16 years presenting for elective bronchoscopy who fulfil inclusion but not exclusion criteria will be randomised prior to the procedure to HFNO or standard care oxygenation post induction of anaesthesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia with HFNO requires total venous anaesthesia (TIVA) and with standard, either inhalational or TIVA at discretion of anaesthetist in charge of the patient. Outcomes will include the feasibility of recruitment and adherence to trial procedures, acceptability of the intervention of the protocol and completion rates of data collection methods.

Discussion

Findings of this trial will determine feasibility to plan for a larger multicentre randomised clinical trial and support the feasibility of the proposed study procedures.

Trial registration

BUFFALO trial was registered with Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (TRN12621001635853) on 29 November 2021 and commenced recruitment in May 2022. https://www.anzctr.org.au/. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Mediating effect of firm efficiency on the controlling shareholdings–firm performance nexus: evidence from public listed firms in Malaysia
Authors: Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Asif Jawad , Kweh Qian Long , Phuong Tran Thi Kim
Published: February 2024

This study examines how controlling shareholders influence firm performance through the mediating role of firm efficiency in transforming inputs into outputs. To achieve this objective, it conducts a mediation analysis with 5,000 bootstraps on a dataset of 2,849 firm-year observations of publicly listed firms in Malaysia from 2009 to 2019. The findings reveal a positive relationship between controlling shareholdings and firm performance, with both total and indirect effects having this positive relationship. Moreover, while controlling shareholdings improve firm performance, firm efficiency partially mediates this relationship. Thus, improved firm efficiency plays a critical role in understanding the relationship between governance by controlling shareholders and enhanced firm performance. In summary, this study contributes to the existing literature by expanding our understanding of the complex relationship between controlling shareholdings, firm efficiency, and firm performance. In addition, the findings shed light on the importance of indirect channels in shaping organizational outcomes. As such, this study provides a valuable direction for future research in this area.
Association between Impella device support and elevated rates of gout flares: a retrospective propensity-matched study
Authors: Sinclair De Frías Jorge , Isha Shahin , Olivero Lorenzo , Raavi Lekhya , Narra Sai Abhishek , Paghdar Smit , Jonna Sadhana , Satashia Parthkumar , Hannon Rachel , Blasavage Jessica , White Layton , Olanipekun Titilope , Bansal Pankaj , Kiley Sean , Leoni Juan Carlos , Nativí Jose , Lyle Melissa , Thomas Mathew , Sareyyupoglu Basar , Pham Si , Smith Michael , Moreno Franco Pablo , Patel Parag , Sanghavi Devang
Published: February 2024

Background

Impella is an advanced ventricular assist device frequently used as a bridge to heart transplantation. The association of Impella with increased rates of gout flares has not been studied. Our primary aim is to determine the rates of gout flares in patients on Impella support.

Methodology

A retrospective study was conducted between January 2017 and September 2022 involving all patients who underwent heart transplantation. The cohort was divided into two groups based on Impella support for statistical analysis. In patients receiving Impella support, outcome measures were compared based on the development of gout flares. 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity match, as well as inverse propensity of treatment weighted analyses, were performed to explore the causal relationship between impella use and gout flare in our study population.

Results

Our analysis included 213 patients, among which 42 (19.71%) patients were supported by Impella. Impella and non-Impella groups had similar age, race, and BMI, but more males were in the Impella group. Gout and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in Impella-supported patients, while coronary artery disease was less common. The prevalence of gout flare was significantly higher in Impella patients (30.9% vs. 5.3%). 42 Impella-supported patients were matched with 42 patients from the non-impella group upon performing a 1:1 propensity matching. Impella-supported patients were noted to have a significantly higher risk of gout flare (30.9% vs. 7.1%, SMD = 0.636), despite no significant difference in pre-existing gout history and use of anti-gout medications. Impella use was associated with a significantly increased risk of gout flare in unadjusted (OR 8.07), propensity-matched (OR 5.83), and the inverse propensity of treatment-weighted analysis (OR 4.21).

Conclusion

Our study is the first to identify the potential association between Impella support and increased rates of gout flares in hospitalized patients. Future studies are required to confirm this association and further elucidate the biological pathways. It is imperative to consider introducing appropriate measures to prevent and promptly manage gout flares in Impella-supported patients.
State-of-the-art non-destructive approaches for maturity index determination in fruits and vegetables: principles, applications, and future directions
Authors: Anjali  , Jena Ankita , Bamola Ayushi , Mishra Sadhna , Jain Ishika , Pathak Nandini , Sharma Nishita , Joshi Nitiksha , Pandey Renu , Kaparwal Shakshi , Yadav Vinay , Gupta Arun Kumar , Jha Avinash Kumar , Bhatt Saurav , Kumar Vijay , Naik Bindu , Rustagi Sarvesh , Preet Manpreet Singh , Akhtar Saamir
Published: February 2024

Recent advancements in signal processing and computational power have revolutionized computer vision applications in diverse industries such as agriculture, food processing, biomedical, and the military. These developments are propelling efforts to automate processes and enhance efficiency. Notably, computational techniques are replacing labor-intensive manual methods for assessing the maturity indices of fruits and vegetables during critical growth stages.

This review paper focuses on recent advancements in computer vision techniques specifically applied to determine the maturity indices of fruits and vegetables within the food processing sector. It highlights successful applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), thermal imaging, and image scanning. By examining these techniques, their underlying principles, and practical feasibility, it offers valuable insights into their effectiveness and potential widespread adoption. Additionally, integrating biosensors and AI techniques further improves accuracy and efficiency in maturity index determination.

In summary, this review underscores the significant role of computational techniques in advancing maturity index assessment and provides insights into their principles and effective utilization. Looking ahead, the future of computer vision techniques holds immense potential. Collaborative efforts among experts from various fields will be crucial to address challenges, ensure standardization, and safeguard data privacy. Embracing these advancements can lead to sustainable practices, optimized resource management, and progress across industries.

Graphical Abstract
cxsAssociation study between single nucleotide polymorphism in thrombospondins THBS1 gene and THBS2 gene and coronary artery disease in Indian population
Authors: Eba Ale , Raza Syed Tasleem , Wani Irshad A. , Siddiqi Zeba , Abbas Mohammad , Srivastava Sanchita , Mahdi Farzana
Published: February 2024

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex medical condition characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in coronary arteries, leading to narrowed blood vessels and impaired blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and various risk factors contribute to CAD development. Matricellular proteins, including thrombospondins (THBS), play crucial roles in vascular processes and cardiac function.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted among 296 participants from Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, India, to investigate genetic variations in THBS1 (N700S) and THBS2 (3′ UTR T → G) in relation to CAD. Genomic DNA was isolated, and PCR–RFLP was employed for genotyping. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results

The study revealed that age, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were significantly associated with CAD in the Indian population. However, no statistically significant associations were found between triglyceride and serum creatinine levels, as well as the studied THBS1 and THBS2 genetic polymorphisms, and CAD. The analysis of genotypic and allelic frequencies did not indicate significant associations with CAD risk.

Conclusions

This study suggests that specific genetic variations in THBS1 and THBS2 may not be strongly linked to the development or risk of CAD in the studied Indian population. The associations observed between age, lipid profiles, and CAD highlight the multifactorial nature of CAD susceptibility. Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional genetic factors contributing to CAD in specific populations.
Penile Cancer Mortality in Brazil: Are We Making Progress?
Authors: Mourão Thiago Camelo , Beraldi Artur Agostinho , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Pinto Neto Plínio Ramos , Batista Rafael Valente , Nobre Jayme Quirino Caon , Curado Maria Paula , Zequi Stênio de Cássio
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

This study aims to analyze the trends in mortality rates from penile cancer (PeC) and the treatment modalities adopted in Brazil over recent years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Death records for PeC cases (International Classification of Diseases, version 10 C60) and treatment modalities were extracted from the DATASUS database. A joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine the data.

RESULTS

A total of 7,848 deaths due to PeC were recorded in Brazil between 1996 and 2020. Increasing mortality trends were observed, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.91 (0.6-1.2; P < .001). The North and Northeast regions had the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and AAPCs. From 2008 to 2020, the ASMR in the Northeast region remained stable, whereas the North region surpassed it. The Southeast region exhibited a significant downward trend, with an AAPC of –0.91 (–1.3 to -0.5; P < .001). Penile biopsies declined and were more frequent in the southeastern region. A total of 8,498 penile amputations were performed, with 39.4% and 29.1% conducted in the Southeast and Northeast regions, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Brazil has experienced increasing mortality trends in PeC over the past 2 decades. Low schooling, married, and young men from the North or Northeast regions represent the majority of deaths. Urgent efforts are needed to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of PeC to prevent and reduce mortality rates in the country.
Trends in Anticoagulant Utilization and Clinical Outcomes for Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Thailand's Upper-Middle–Income Country Setting
Authors: Kengkla Kirati , Nathisuwan Surakit , Sripakdee Warunsuda , Saelue Pirun , Sengnoo Kwanruethai , Sookprasert Aumkhae , Subongkot Suphat
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

To evaluate anticoagulant trends and clinical outcomes in the management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) within Thailand, an upper-middle–income country (UMIC).

METHODS

This multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with cancer diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE) hospitalized in Thailand from 2017 to 2021. Anticoagulants were classified as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), and warfarin. Prescription trends were assessed, and patients were followed for 1 year, or until 2022 to evaluate outcomes. The primary effectiveness outcome was recurrent VTE, whereas the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included net clinical benefit and all-cause mortality. Treatment effects were examined using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

Among 1,611 patients (61.3% female; mean age, 58.8 years; standard deviation, 13.1 years), 86% received LMWH, 10% warfarin, and 4% DOACs. In the study cohort, LMWH prescriptions remained consistent, warfarin use declined, and DOAC prescriptions notably increased. In IPTW analysis, DOACs showed comparable rates of VTE recurrence (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.22 to 2.70]; P = .679) and major bleeding (weighted HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.15 to 2.55]; P = .506) with LMWH. Warfarin had a higher risk of major bleeding (weighted HR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.12 to 6.72]; P = .028) but a similar rate of VTE recurrence (weighted HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.75 to 2.84]; P = .271) compared with LMWH. Secondary outcomes were consistent across groups.

CONCLUSION

LMWH remains the primary treatment for CAT, in line with current guidelines. The study highlights the challenges faced in these settings with the continuous use of warfarin. The comparable efficacy and safety of DOACs with LMWH suggest a potential shift in CAT management within UMICs.
Hub-and-Spoke Cartels: Theory and Evidence from the Grocery Industry
Authors: Clark Robert , Horstmann Ig , Houde Jean-François
Published: February 2024

Numerous recently uncovered cartels operated along the supply chain, with firms at one end facilitating collusion at the other—hub-and-spoke arrangements. These cartels are hard to rationalize because they induce double marginalization and higher costs. We examine Canada’s alleged bread cartel and provide the first comprehensive analysis of hub-and-spoke collusion. Using court documents and pricing data, we make three contributions: (i) we show that collusion was effective, increasing inflation by about 50 percent; (ii) we provide evidence that collusion existed at both ends of the supply chain; and (iii) we develop a model explaining why this form of collusion arose. (JEL E31, K21, L12, L14, L22, L42, L81)
The Effect of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Household Spending
Authors: Coibion Olivier , Georgarakos Dimitris , Gorodnichenko Yuriy , Kenny Geoff , Weber Michael
Published: February 2024

We use randomized treatments that provide different types of information about the first and/or second moments of future economic growth to generate exogenous changes in the perceived macroeconomic uncertainty of treated households. The effects on their spending decisions relative to an untreated control group are measured in follow-up surveys. Our results indicate that, after taking into account first moments, higher macroeconomic uncertainty induces households to significantly and persistently reduce their total monthly spending in subsequent months. Changes in spending are broad based across spending categories and apply to larger durable good purchases as well. (JEL D12, D81, D84, E21, E23, G51)
Optimal Inference for Spot Regressions
Authors: Bollerslev Tim , Li Jia , Ren Yuexuan
Published: February 2024

Betas from return regressions are commonly used to measure systematic financial market risks. “Good” beta measurements are essential for a range of empirical inquiries in finance and macroeconomics. We introduce a novel econometric framework for the nonparametric estimation of time-varying betas with high-frequency data. The “local Gaussian” property of the generic continuous-time benchmark model enables optimal “finite-sample” inference in a well-defined sense. It also affords more reliable inference in empirically realistic settings compared to conventional large-sample approaches. Two applications pertaining to the tracking performance of leveraged ETFs and an intraday event study illustrate the practical usefulness of the new procedures. (JEL C22, C58, G12, G23)
Estratégias para fortalecer a gestão de riscos de desastres no Brasil
Authors: Fraga Adriana de Paula Cavalcante , Andrade José Agnello Alves Dias de , Malina Léa Lameirinhas , Carvalho Maria Letícia de Alvarenga , Machini Mariana Luiza Fiocco , Nicoletti Mariana Xavier
Published: February 2024

Pesquisa mostra a importância de fortalecer a atuação da Defesa Civil por meio de abordagem territorializada, articulação junto a diferentes atores e participação social
The integration of computers in medical technologies and the concept of death
Authors: Ράπτης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2024

Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζουμε έρευνα σχετικά με την ενσωμάτωση των υπολογιστών στις ιατρικές τεχνολογίες και τη σχέση της με την έννοια του θανάτου. Η ενσωμάτωση των υπολογιστών στις ιατρικές τεχνολογίες εμφανίστηκε σταδιακά και με συνέπεια στο περιβάλλον μετά τον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Επρόκειτο για μια σχέση αμοιβαίας επιρροής, όπου οι υπολογιστές είχαν αντίκτυπο στην ιατρική και αντιστρόφως, επηρεάζοντας σημαντικές εξελίξεις στην τεχνολογία των υπολογιστών. Η έννοια του θανάτου έχει μελετηθεί ως αντιπροσωπευτικός δείκτης για ευρύτερες κοινωνικές σχέσεις, αλλαγές και δομές. Η ιατρική και οι τεχνολογίες που χρησιμοποιούνται στην ιατρική πρακτική έχουν από καιρό μελετηθεί ως προς τη σχέση τους με τις στάσεις απέναντι στο θάνατο. Παρ' όλα αυτά, η ενσωμάτωση των υπολογιστών στην ιατρική πρακτική και οι θεμελιώδεις αλλαγές που αυτή επέφερε, ιδίως σε σχέση με την έννοια του θανάτου, δεν έχουν ακόμη εξεταστεί από τη σκοπιά του πεδίου Επιστήμη-Τεχνολογία-Κοινωνία (ΕΤΚ) και της Ιστορίας της Τεχνολογίας. Εδώ παρουσιάζεται έρευνα σχετικά με τις αλλαγές της έννοιας του θανάτου, όπως αυτές ευνοήθηκαν από τις προσπάθειες αυτοματοποίησης και ενσωμάτωσης των υπολογιστών στην ιατρική πρακτική, μέσα από τη διερεύνηση δύο περιοχών. Πρώτον, παρουσιάζεται έρευνα σχετικά με την εμφάνιση διακριτών κοινοτήτων, περιοδικών και αυτοματισμών στην ιατρική πρακτική (κεφ. 3 και 4). Δεύτερον, παρουσιάζεται μια συγκριτική ανάλυση μελετών περίπτωσης δύο προσπαθειών αυτοματοποίησης της ιατρικής διάγνωσης, όπου η πρώτη (αξονική τομογραφία) καθιερώθηκε με επιτυχία (κεφ. 5), ενώ η δεύτερη (τεστ Παπανικολάου) όχι (κεφ. 6). Η έρευνα επικεντρώθηκε στην πρώιμη περίοδο αυτής της διαδικασίας, από τα μέσα της δεκαετίας του '50 έως τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του '70, υποστηρίζοντας ότι η προσέγγιση του θέματος από τη σκοπιά του πεδίου ΕΤΚ και της Ιστορίας της Τεχνολογίας είναι καταλληλότερη σε αυτές τις περιόδους εισαγωγής νέων τεχνολογιών και αποτελεσματικότερη για την αντίσταση στον τεχνολογικό ντετερμινισμό. Τέλος, αξιοποιώντας την έννοια του θανάτου, όπως αυτή έχει μελετηθεί επί μακρόν στην κοινωνιολογία και τις πολιτισμικές σπουδές, στοχεύουμε αφενός να προσφέρουμε νέες προοπτικές στις προσεγγίσεις του ΕΤΚ για τη σχέση υπολογιστή - κοινωνίας και αφετέρου επιχειρούμε να ρίξουμε νέο φως στην κατανόηση της σχέσης θανάτου - κοινωνίας μέσω μιας ΕΤΚ τεκμηριωμένης προσέγγισης της ενσωμάτωσης των υπολογιστών στις ιατρικές πρακτικές.
Γεωπολιτική ανάλυση του ψυχολογικού παράγοντα στο σύμπλοκο Ελλάδος - Σερβίας - ΠΓΔΜ και η υπερσυστημική παρέμβαση της Νεο-Οθωμανικής Τουρκίας
Authors: Νέμετς Μαρία
Published: February 2024

Κύριος στόχος της έρευνας αυτής είναι η πρακτική εξέταση και ο θεωρητικός και μεθοδολογικός ορισμός του ψυχολογικού παράγοντα - του χαρακτήρα, των μορφών και των ρόλων του - όχι μόνο στη γεωπολιτική, αλλά και στη γεωστρατηγική. Επιπροσθέτως, ο κοινωνικός σκοπός έγκειται στη ανίχνευση των σχέσεων μεταξύ Ελλήνων, Σέρβων και Σκοπιανών, οι οποίες επηρεάζονται από τη γεωπολιτική κατάσταση στα Βαλκάνια πραγματοποιημένη μέσω των δράσεων των Μεγάλων Δυνάμεων, αλλά και από τους ισχύοντες ψυχολογικούς παράγοντες που δρουν στις αναφερόμενες χώρες. Η γράφουσα είναι της άποψης ότι ορισμένοι πόλοι ισχύος ασκούν επιτυχώς την επιρροή τους στο παρόν γεωπολιτικό Σύστημα δια της γνώσης και χρήσης του ψυχολογικού παράγοντα που υπάρχει, δρα και επηρεάζει το εν λόγω γεωγραφικό σύμπλοκο. Tολμά, εν συντομία, να ονομάσει αυτές τις δράσεις των Μεγάλων Δυνάμεων ως ψυχολογικούς μηχανισμούς, τους οποίους μετέπειτα εξετάζει στο πλαίσιο των τεσσάρων Πυλώνων Γεωπολιτικής του εκάστου υποσυστήματος. Κατόπιν, υπολογίζει τη συνολική τους δράση ως το τελικό αποτέλεσμα των τάσεων ανακατανομής της ισχύος, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη δράση των νεο-οθωμανικών παρεμβάσεων της Άγκυρας στο ορισθέν από τον τίτλο της έρευνας γεωπολιτικό σύμπλοκο. Τέλος, η ερευνήτρια κάνει κόπο να προσφέρει τα συμπεράσματα, τις απόψεις και τις προβλέψεις της αφήνοντας έτσι χώρο για πιθανή περαιτέρω γεωπολιτική ανάλυση του εν λόγω ζητήματος. Δεδομένου ότι η επεξεργασία αυτού του θέματος απαιτεί μια πολυεπιστημονική προσέγγιση, η ερευνήτρια επιλέγει τη Σύγχρονη Συστημική Γεωπολιτική Ανάλυση του καθηγητή Ι.Θ. Μάζη, η οποία λόγω της διεπιστημονικής της φύσης δίνει απαντήσεις στα πολύπλοκα ερωτήματα της έρευνας αυτής.
The genome sequence of a conopid fly, Myopa testacea (Linnaeus, 1767)
Authors: Falk Steven , Poole Oliver ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Myopa testacea (conopid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Conopidae). The genome sequence is 243.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.61 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 25,472 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the White-triangle Button, Acleris holmiana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Boyes Clare ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Acleris holmiana (the White-triangle Button; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 650.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.28 kilobases in length.
The problem of the inclusion of the communicative situation factor in the genre source model
Authors: Tyukaeva Nadezhda
Published: February 2024

This article is made in line with the discussion of the problems of speech genre studies. The main problem that the author is trying to solve is the development of a model for describing the source of the genre. At the same time, the concepts are introduced: the source of the genre. The relevance of the research is connected with the development of a methodology for carrying out procedures for describing the source of the genre according to a communicative model. The article proves the idea of correlation between the phenomena of the external communicative environment and the internal content of the source. Consequently, there is a need to reflect the external (extra-verbal, relational information) characteristics of the source in the communicative model of the speech product. So, the addressee factor (age, gender) or the time factor (date) can mark the information of the internal content of the source. Fixation and conceptual elaboration of the methodology for including certain signs of the external situation during certification allows us to construct an objective model of a typical speech work. The identification of conditionalities between external (communicative) and internal (linguistic) features of an utterance allows us to formulate hypotheses of speech genre studies and to identify problematic areas of functioning of the speech genre, which is the purpose of the source description. The article traces the relationship and interdependence of non-verbal (situational) phenomena and internal components of the utterance. The methods of identifying information about the non-verbal component of an utterance, which plays a communicative role in the model of a typical utterance, are considered.
Peculiarities of changes in a functional condition of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis under the conditions of immobilization stress
Authors: Baida Mariana , Hot Iryna , Antonenko Yuliia
Published: February 2024

We have analyzed the results of investigation of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis in the dynamics of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress. The investigation was conducted on 62 female guinea pigs weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: I – intact guinea pigs (n=20), II – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (1st day); III – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (2nd day); IV – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (34th day). The results of experimental investigation showed that a significant increase in conjugated diene level in animals’ lungs was observed at all stages of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress as compared with control group, indicating activation of this marker. The same changes occurred with MDA content, indicating excessive accumulation of this lipid peroxidation product in lung tissue. Intensive synthesis of free radical compounds caused activation of some components of enzymatic system of antioxidant defense. In particular, a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue is observed in response to increased level of LOPs at early stages of EAA and immobilization stress development as compared with the indices in intact animals. The same situation is observed with catalase and ceruloplasmin activity in the lungs of guinea pigs with modeled AA and IS.
Current Status and Associated Factors of Emotional Distress Due to COVID-19 Among People with Physical Disabilities Living in the Community: Secondary Data Analysis using the 2020 National Survey of Disabled Persons
Authors: Kim Bohye , Yoon Ju Young
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the current situation and factors associated with emotional distress due to COVID-19 among people with physical disabilities living in the community, using a Social-Ecological Model.Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed using data from the 2020 National Survey of Disabled Persons. The study participants were 1,654 participants aged 19 years or older with physical disabilities. For data analysis, complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with emotional distress due to COVID-19 in people with physical disabilities.Results: The results showed that 55.7% of people with physical disabilities living in the community experienced emotional distress due to COVID-19. This emotional distress was influenced by various factors, including intrapersonal factors (activities of daily living, difficulty in getting information about COVID-19, difficulty in obtaining and using equipment related to COVID-19), interpersonal factors (satisfaction with the number of friends), and community/policy factor (support related to COVID-19 from national and local governments).Conclusion: It is recommended to develop tailored interventions to prevent mental health issues among people with physical disabilities by considering the factors related to their emotional distress in the event of future infectious disease disasters.
Performance Evaluation of Forward Osmosis Membranes for Desalination Applications
Authors:   Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdullah Mohd Amirul Mukmin ,   Centre for Sustainability of Mineral and Resource Recovery Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia, Shafie Nur Aisyah ,   Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Seman Mazrul Nizam Abu ,   Centre for Sustainability of Mineral and Resource Recovery Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia,   Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Abdullah Syamsul B. ,   Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: February 2024

Forward osmosis (FO) has become a technology with great potential for numerous applications, including water desalination. One of the critical factors in determining the FO performance is the selection of the appropriate membrane material that compatible with draw solution. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) and aquaporin-based membranes, as well as a fabricated PES/PVP membrane, were used, with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) as the thermo-responsive ionic liquid (TRIL) draw solution. The bench scale of FO system was setup upon co-currently flow rate of 60.0 mL/ min at room temperature. The 7 % PVP with 15 % PES had the best performance, with the highest water flux (Jw) (4.93 LMH), lowest reverse solute diffusion (RSD) (0.43 gMH). The fabricated membrane demonstrated a significantly higher performance compared to the commercial aquaporin-based FO membrane, with an improvement of approximately 60%.
Causal role of immune cells in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Huang-Hong , Ma Zhen , Guan Dong-Sheng
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite being one of the most prevalent sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) has limited information on its immunologic foundation. The immunological underpinnings of certain major psychiatric diseases have been uncovered in recent years thanks to the extensive use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping techniques using high-density genetic markers (e.g. , SNP or CNVs). But this tactic hasn't yet been applied to OSAHS. Using a Mendelian randomization analysis, we analyzed the causal link between immune cells and the illness in order to comprehend the immunological bases of OSAHS.

AIM

To investigate the immune cells' association with OSAHS via genetic methods, guiding future clinical research.

METHODS

A comprehensive two-sample mendelian randomization study was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and OSAHS. Summary statistics for each immune cell feature were obtained from the GWAS catalog. Information on 731 immune cell properties, such as morphologic parameters, median fluorescence intensity, absolute cellular, and relative cellular, was compiled using publicly available genetic databases. The results' robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were confirmed using extensive sensitivity examination.

RESULTS

Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, no statistically significant effect of OSAHS on immunophenotypes was observed. However, two lymphocyte subsets were found to have a significant association with the risk of OSAHS: Basophil %CD33dim HLA DR- CD66b- (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01-1.03, P < 0.001); CD38 on IgD+ CD24- B cell (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02-1.04, P = 0.019).

CONCLUSION

This study shows a strong link between immune cells and OSAHS through a gene approach, thus offering direction for potential future medical research.
Safety and efficacy comparison of remimazolam and propofol for intravenous anesthesia during gastroenteroscopic surgery of older patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Fang-Zhuo , Zhao Cheng , Tang Yi-Xun , Liu Ji-Tong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Remimazolam is characterized by rapid action and inactive metabolites. It is used as the general anesthetic for many clinical surgeries. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether remimazolam is superior to propofol for gastroenteroscopy in older patients.

AIM

To compare the adverse events and efficacy of remimazolam and propofol during gastroenteroscopy in older adults.

METHODS

The PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases were queried for the relevant key words "remimazolam,” "and propofol,” "and gastrointestinal endoscopy or gastroscopy.” The search scope was "Title and Abstract,” and the search was limited to human studies and publications in English. Seven studies wherein remimazolam and propofol were compared were included for the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

We selected seven randomized controlled trials involving 1445 cases for the analysis. Remimazolam reduced the hypotension (relative risk, RR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.29-0.66, P = 0.000), respiratory depression (RR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.30-0.70, P = 0.000), injection pain (RR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.05-0.25, P = 0.000), bradycardia (RR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.24-0.58, P = 0.000), and time to discharge [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.58, 95%CI: -0.97 to -0.18, P = 0.005], compared to those after propofol administration. No obvious differences were observed for postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.97-1.24, P = 0.151), dizziness (RR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.43-1.36, P = 0.361), successful sedation rate (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00, P = 0.083), or the time to become fully alert (WMD = 0.00, 95%CI: -1.08-1.08, P = 0.998).

CONCLUSION

Remimazolam appears to be safer than propofol for gastroenteroscopy in older adults. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Reconstruction of cervical necrotizing fasciitis defect with the modified keystone flap technique: Two case reports
Authors: Cho Wonseok , Jang Eun A , Kim Kyu Nam
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rare, aggressive form of deep neck space infection with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Serial surgical debridement acts as the cornerstone of CNF treatment; however, it often results in defects requiring complex reconstructions.

CASE SUMMARY

We report two cases in which the keystone flap (KF) was used for CNF defect coverage: Case 1, an 85-year-old patient with CNF in the anterior neck, and Case 2, a 54-year-old patient with CNF in the posterior neck. Both patients received empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy and underwent serial debridement, enabling adequate wound preparation and stabilization. The final defect size measured 5.5 cm × 12 cm in Case 1 and 6 cm × 11 cm in Case 2. For defect coverage, we employed an 8 cm × 19 cm type II KF based on perforators from the superior thyroid artery in Case 1 and a 9 cm × 18 cm type II KF based on perforators from the transverse cervical artery in Case 2. Both flaps showed complete survival. No postoperative complications occurred in both cases, and favorable outcomes were observed at 7- and 6-month follow-ups in case 1 and 2, respectively.

CONCLUSION

We effectively treated CNF-associated defects using the KF technique; KF is viable for covering CNF defects in carefully selected cases.
Delayed neurological dysfunction following posterior laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yan Rui-Zhong , Chen Chao , Lin Chu-Ran , Wei Yan-Hui , Guo Zhi-Jian , Li Ya-Kun , Zhang Quan , Shen He-Yi , Sun Hao-Lin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

While most complications of cervical surgery are reversible, some, such as symptomatic postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH), which generally occurs within 24 h, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed neurological dysfunction is diagnosed in cases when symptoms present > 3 d postoperatively. Owing to its rarity, the risk factors for delayed neurological dysfunction are unclear. Consequently, this condition can result in irreversible neurological deficits and serious consequences. In this paper, we present a case of postoperative SEH that developed three days after hematoma evacuation.

CASE SUMMARY

A 68-year-old man with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade C injury was admitted to our hospital with neck pain and tetraplegia following a fall. The C3-C7 posterior laminectomy and the lateral mass screw fixation surgery were performed on the tenth day. Postoperatively, the patient showed no changes in muscle strength or ASIA grade. The patient experienced neck pain and subcutaneous swelling on the third day postoperatively, his muscle strength decreased, and his ASIA score was grade A. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hypointense signals on T1 weighted image (T1WI) and T2WI located behind the epidural space, with spinal cord compression. Emergency surgical intervention for the hematoma was performed 12 h after onset. Although hypoproteinemia and pleural effusion did not improve in the perioperative period, the patient recovered to ASIA grade C on day 30 after surgery, and was transferred to a functional rehabilitation exercise unit.

CONCLUSION

This case shows that amelioration of low blood albumin and pleural effusion is an important aspect of the perioperative management of cervical surgery. Surgery to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord should be performed as soon as possible to decrease neurological disabilities.