bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of habitat quality and ecological flow in a regulated waterway
Authors: Nan Junhu , Liu Yian , Chen Yao , Zhang Shufeng
Published: December 2022

Dam control changes the hydraulic environment and hydrological rhythm of rivers; to explore the causes of fish habitat loss and influence of river regulation in such rivers, the downstream curving reaches of Shaying River were cut off. Grass, silver, and bighead carp were selected as the research targets, and the impact of waterway regulation and the effect of gravel mounds on the target fish habitat were studied using numerical simulation. The results show that the original channel's hydraulic environment is similar to the artificial channel, and the target fish spawning habitat is limited, which is an important reason for the shortage of fish resources in the research area. The reconstructed channel can meet the river's navigation demands and improve the channel's flood discharge capacity. The habitat method was used to estimate the minimum and appropriate ecological flows of the target fish at each growth stage in the original and reconstructed rivers. Under the appropriate ecological flow, the weighted usable area (WUA) of juvenile, migratory, and spawning habitats of the target fish in the reconstructed river increased by 168, 24, and 580%, respectively, compared to the original channel, while the WUA of adult fish that preferred a slow-water environment decreased by 62%, effectively improving the target fish's spawning environment.
SPACE AS PART OF THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SPACE DURING MILITARY OPERATIONS
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Romashkina Nataliya
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To identify the current possibilities of the use of artificial earth satellites for military purposes, as well as the problems of illegal destructive use of satellites during hostilities based on analysis and systematization according to various parameters of functions of satellites as part of the modern global information space and to develop proposals that can reduce the likelihood of escalation of the conflict during the crisis. Research method: analysis of open sources on the purposeful use of modern AES, synthesis and scientific forecasting, expert assessment, factological analysis of the AES within the framework of a systematic approach. Result: the article presents an analysis and systematization significant dynamic changes at the cosmic level of the global information space associated with the large-scale spread and significant increase in the number of artificial earth satellites, as well as with the growing importance of satellites for military purposes. The article pres- ents the classification of satellites performing military functions, reveals the possibilities of modern satellites in the period of crisis and military operations and the analysis of the US satellite constellation as a leader in this field. The author poses the problems of the illegal destructive use of artificial earth satellites during military conflicts, as- sociated with this increase in the risk of cyber threats and an increase in the likelihood of escalation of the conflict, threats to Russia, international security and strategic stability. The article proves the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the satellite constellation are today one of the most important indicators of the influence and potential of the state in the world. Scientific novelty: Proposals have been developed to minimize threats to Russia, as well as to reduce the likeli- hood of an escalation of the conflict during the crisis.
ARCHITECTURE OF ADAPTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR SENSOR NETWORK
Authors:   Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Southern Federal University “SFedU”, Basan Alexandr , Basan Elena ,   Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Southern Federal University “SFedU”, Peskova Olga ,   Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Southern Federal University “SFedU”, Sushkin Nikita ,   Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Southern Federal University “SFedU”, Shulika Maria ,   Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Southern Federal University “SFedU”
Published: December 2022

38Адаптивная система защиты сенсорных сетей от активных атак Вопросы кибербезопасности. 2022. No 6(52) Architecture of AdAptiVe protection system for sensor netWorK Basan A.S.6 , Basan E.S.7 , Peskova O.Yu.8 , Sushkin N.A.9 , Shulika M.G.10 Purpose: Development of the adaptive protection system architecture for sensor networks and cyber-physical systems for anomaly detection based on the collection and analysis of cyber-physical parameters. Method: The method is based on the use of probability theory, mathematical statistics, and information theory. The entropy measure and normalization of the raw data make it possible to unify the data and evaluate it in terms of anomaly detection. Results: The existing solutions for the protection of cyber-physical systems from external active attacks were analyzed. The architecture of an adaptive system for a cyber-physical system protection is proposed. As part of the representation of the node data collection and analysis subsystem, a method for estimating cyber-physical parameters to detect intrusions is proposed. Three parameter changes for four behavioral scenarios were analyzed in detail in this study. Even by three parameters, you can determine the difference between attacks and normal behaviors. It is possible to evaluate not only the fact of parameter change, but also the degree of its change. At the same time, the node autonomously compared changes in its parameters with changes in the parameters of the neighboring node and could identify the impact of the attack on the neighboring node. The scientific novelty primarily consists in the fact that for the first time a method for determining the abnormal activity of a cyber-physical system based on the evaluation of system parameters using a measure of entropy and normalization of raw data has been developed, which makes it possible to achieve a high level of detection of known and unknown attacks. This method can be effectively used also for autonomous systems. The original architecture of the adaptive system for protecting the cyber-physical system is also proposed, its main components are worked out. When implementing an attack in a distributed system, this development will allow the node to detect anomalies not only autonomously, but also distributed, that is, to detect the impact on neighboring nodes.
Diretores de escola na implementação das políticas de educação especial inclusiva em um município da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Alexsandro do Nascimento , Pereira Rodnei
Published: December 2022

Este artigo aborda o tema da ação discricionária e o papel das crenças e do grau de conhecimento e adesão de diretores de escola, como burocratas de médio escalão (BME), no processo de implementação da política de educação especial inclusiva numa rede pública municipal da grande São Paulo. Os objetivos consistiram em descrever e analisar do grau de compreensão dos diretores de escola sobre os princípios, objetivos, instrumentos de realização e procedimentos da política de educação especial inclusiva; e descrever e analisar os padrões de adesão dos participantes aos objetivos, instrumentos de realização e procedimentos da mesma política. A investigação mobilizou a análise de dados referentes às respostas dos diretores aos questionários associados à Prova Brasil (2017). Os resultados apontam que os gestores escolares reconhecem a importância do modelo de inclusão escolar para os estudantes que são público-alvo da educação especial inclusiva, mas não para os estudantes sem diferenças significativas.
Implementação do ensino remoto
Authors: Koslinski Mariane Campelo , Xavier Rosa Seleta de Souza Ferreira , Bartholo Tiago Lisboa
Published: December 2022

O objetivo geral do artigo é investigar a implementação de atividades remotas na educação infantil, na rede pública municipal de Sobral durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Como objetivos específicos, investiga a percepção dos professores sobre as diretrizes para o ensino remoto, as ações discricionárias destes burocratas de nível de rua e analisa a percepção das famílias sobre a capacidade de o ensino remoto alcançar suas necessidades. O estudo contou com dados coletados a partir de um survey, aplicado ao universo de professores que atuavam na pré-escola, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 professores e 16 responsáveis de crianças matriculadas na pré-escola. As análises revelam que, embora os professores caracterizem os processos de implementação do ensino remoto a partir do fluxo de informações e treinamento satisfatórios e por decisões descentralizadas apoiadas pela gestão das escolas, na percepção das famílias, as atividades remotas não foram capazes de suprir suas demandas.
implementação do Turno Único no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Ana Cristina Prado de , Sequeira Deisilucy de Aragão Fernandes , Gomes Luan Felipe Xavier
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo pretende contribuir com o campo dos estudos sobre a implementação das políticas públicas educacionais a partir dos resultados de uma investigação que se se dedicou às traduções e interpretações dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de implementação do Turno Único, política de ampliação da jornada escolar no Rio de Janeiro. Considerando a escassez de pesquisas no campo educacional que se voltem para os agentes implementadores das políticas (OLIVEIRA, 2019; MUYLAERT, 2021), discutimos conceitualmente a relevância das interações e do uso dos espaços de discricionariedade que estes atores empreendem na implementação de políticas (LOTTA, 2015). Analisamos o papel das burocracias em diferentes níveis (LIPSKY, 2010) e sua interação, em um desenho qualitativo que envolveu entrevistas e grupos focais. Os resultados apontam para as características contextuais e contingenciais que permeiam as interações e tomadas de decisão na implementação da política.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O TELEGRAM E AS EDITORAS BRASILEIRAS NA ATUAL CONFIGURAÇÃO DO MERCADO EDITORIAL NACIONAL
Authors: Danusa Almeida de Oliveira
Published: December 2022

O artigo intenciona compreender a relação entre o Telegram e as editoras na atual configuração do mercado editorial. Os objetivos são: a) refletir sobre o presente cenário do mercado livreiro; b) identificar como as editoras anunciam para o público a presença delas em mais uma rede, neste caso o Telegram; c) analisar como essa ferramenta de mensagens tem sido utilizada como parte da estratégia de divulgação do setor editorial. A pesquisa pode ser compreendida como de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, focando em cinco editoras presentes no Telegram, sendo elas: Wish, Arqueiro, DarkSide, Sextante e Companhia das Letras. Identificou-se que o Telegram apresenta potencial para venda e divulgação de livros, em virtude de certas funcionalidades particulares, porém apenas algumas editoras brasileiras estão apostando no uso do aplicativo.
DNA Vaccines to Improve Immunogenicity and Effectiveness in Cancer
Vaccinations: Advancement and Developments
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: December 2022

DNA vaccine is a creative and promising method for cancer treatment. As part of cancer
immunotherapy, one or more antigen-specific immune responses are triggered or strengthened using
DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, which convey one or more genes encoded by tumour antigens
to the immune system. Vaccine efficacy may be greatly increased by new delivery routes, the incorporation
of molecular active ingredients and immunomodulatory signals, the modification of
prime-boost protocols, or the inhibition of immunological checkpoints. It is possible to overcome the
self-tolerance of many tumour antigens by using a mix of adaptive immune system and vaccine design
strategies to generate protective adaptive immune responses. Both preventative and therapeutic vaccinations
are being developed using this technology in several clinical investigations on DNA cancer
immunotherapy. This study examines the immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccines for immunotherapy.
A Nomogram Prediction Model Based on Tissue Window for the Prognosis
of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy
Authors: Kong Yan , Zhao Jie-ji , Chen Hui-ru , Cui Jun-yi , Ye Meng-fan , Li Tan , Cai Xiu-Ying , Ma Lin-qing , Zhang Run-ping
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Thrombectomy greatly improves the clinical prognosis of patients with acute
ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram model that can predict the
prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy.

Methods:

We retrospectively collected information of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were
admitted to the stroke Green Channel of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from
September 2018 to May 2022. The main outcome was defined as a three-month unfavorable outcome
(modified Rankin Scale 3-6). Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, a nomogram
was established. We tested the accuracy and discrimination of our nomogram by calculating
the consistency index (C-index) and plotting the calibration curve.

Results:

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR, 1.418; 95% CI, 1.177-1.707;
P＜0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR, 2.705; 95% CI, 1.203-6.080; P =
0.016), Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) (OR, 0.633; 95%
CI, 0.421-0.952; P = 0.028), infarct core volume (OR, 1.115; 95% CI, 1.043-1.192; P = 0.001) and
ischemic penumbra volume (OR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.006-1.050; P = 0.012) were independent risk
factors for poor clinical prognosis of AIS patients treated with thrombectomy. The C-index of our
nomogram was 0.967 and the calibration plot revealed a generally fit in predicting three-month unfavorable
outcomes. Based on this nomogram, we stratified the risk of thrombectomy population.
We found that low-risk population is less than or equal to 65 points, and patients of more than 65
points tend to have a poor clinical prognosis.

Conclusion:

The nomogram, composed of NIHSS, LDL-C, ASPECTS, infarct core volume and
ischemic penumbra volume, may predict the clinical prognosis of cerebral infarction patients treated
with thrombectomy.
Fear of COVID-19, Stress and Coping Strategies among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic’s Second Wave: A Quasi-Intervention Study
Authors: Omar Doaa I. , Amer Samar A. , Abdelmaksoud Abeer E.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic and its related consequences caused a higher risk of mental health problems for nurses. Hence, this study aims to reduce the level of fear and stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and promote active coping among Egyptian nurses.

Methods:

This quasi-intervention study was conducted on 125 nurses working at Benha’s University hospitals, who were selected by a systematic random sampling technique within the time interval of March 2021 to July 2021. The study was conducted using the fear of COVID-19 scale, the stress scale of depression, anxiety and stress scales, and the Brief (COPE) inventory scale.

Results:

The mean ages of the studied nurses were 36.70 ± 9.50. Almost half of the studied nurses were males and married. Before the intervention, 47.2% of nurses had severe stress levels while 82.4% had a high level of fear of COVID-19. Experience years, type of department, and worries about vaccine side effects were the predictors of the fear of COVID-19. A significant difference (p = .000) was found between both mean stress and fear scores pre-intervention (15.27 ± 5.47 and 25.56 ± 6.13) and post-intervention (4.87 ± 2.14 and 11.92 ± 2.43). The most prevalent coping strategies among nurses before the intervention were self-distraction (5.03 ± 1.53), followed by behavioral disengagement and self-blaming. However, after the intervention, religion was found to be the utmost coping mechanism (6.12 ± 1.17), followed by positive reframing and acceptance.

Conclusion:

The majority of the nurses in the study reported a significant fear of COVID-19, and around half of the nurses had severe stress as a result. After the intervention, the stress and fear scores were reduced by half or even less. Age, longer work experience, and worries about the vaccine were the predictors of fear of COVID-19. The coping strategies used after the intervention shifted toward active coping strategies.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: 10-11-008-701
Patients’ Perceptions on the Factors Contributing to Non-conversion after Two Months of Tuberculosis Treatment at Selected Primary Healthcare Facilities in the Ekurhuleni Health District, South Africa
Authors: Baloyi Ntwanano Fiona , Manyisa Zodwa Margaret
Published: December 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis patients’ non-conversion is one of the factors impeding the ‘End TB’ strategies in South Africa. Several reasons have been recognised as contributing to patients with TB non-conversion, including TB illiteracy, denial of TB infection, reluctance to honour follow-up visits, and an unwillingness to take prescribed treatment for six months.

Objective:

In light of this, this study aimed at exploring and describing factors contributing to patients with pulmonary TB non-conversion at two and three months of treatment at selected primary healthcare facilities in the Ekurhuleni Health District, Gauteng province.

Methods:

A qualitative, explorative and descriptive research design was adopted with eight purposively sampled patients receiving TB care from five selected primary healthcare facilities. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data from eight purposively sampled participants, who were interviewed on what they perceived to be factors contributing to patients with TB non-conversion at two and three months of treatment.

Results:

The study found that patients with TB attending the selected primary healthcare facilities experience psychosocial problems, such as shortage of food and lack of family support, as well as insufficient patient healthcare literacy.

Conclusion:

The study recommends that enhanced patient education be given from the time a patient starts TB treatment. The involvement of multi-disciplinary teams and other stakeholders is important in the management of patients with TB. Furthermore, the outreach team must provide health education to patients with TB family members, so that they can support the patients with TB to comply with treatment. Family support must be emphasised because it encourages patients with TB to comply with the course of treatment.
Psychological Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019 amongst Healthcare Workers in South Africa during the Pandemic
Authors: Nel Kathryn , Govender Indiran , Katjene Mathews , Govender Saraswathie , Mabila Thembinkosi
Published: December 2022

Background:

It is important to understand HCWs’ (healthcare workers) psychological responses to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as they are exposed to the virus on a daily basis. This study helps identify some of the challenges they face.

Aim:

The overall aim of the study was to investigate psychological responses to COVID-19, including vaccinations and stressors, amongst healthcare HCWs in South Africa during the pandemic.

Setting:

HCWs who worked in private and state hospitals and private practice in Tshwane, South Africa.

Methods:

A quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design was used. Several standardised and validated questionnaires were used in the survey including the Coronavirus-19 Fear Scale, the COVID-19-related stigma scale and the COVID-19 stress scale. A purposive sample (N=103) was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square.

Results:

There were 103 completed questionnaires. Many (76% and 54%) either knew someone close who contracted COVID or died from COVID-19, respectively. Most (58%) were in favour of being vaccinated. A significant proportion (42%; p= 0.009) of the HCWs felt uncomfortable when thinking about COVID. Physical reactions such as sweating, or a pounding heart were reported by 17% of the HCWs. A majority of the HCWs disagreed with any form of stigmatization of COVID-19. Most of the HCWs expressed a need for mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic. About three-quarters of the respondents expressed a need to talk to someone about their worries about COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Most of the respondents either knew someone who either contracted COVID-19 or died because of it. Many experienced anxiety symptoms when thinking about COVID-19. Many HCWs reported anxiety and stress symptoms such as insomnia, palpitations, sweating and difficulty concentrating. An overwhelming majority of the HCWs stated that people should not be discriminated against or stigmatized in any way because of COVID-19. The majority of the HCWs expressed a need for psychological support during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 20% of the HCWs were against being vaccinated. This is worrisome as they are at high risk. The HCWs clearly expressed a need for more attention and support towards their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Intersemiotic translation in Balinese menu
Authors: Pratama Agus Darma Yoga , Putri Dewa Ayu Dyah Pertiwi
Published: December 2022

Translated Balinese menu is not only used to communicate to the guests the dishes available for sale, along with pieces and short descriptions of each item, but it is also used to present various names of special dishes as part of Balinese local wisdom. With regard to Balinese menu translation, it is such challenging thing along with the existence of images and colour. This research aims to analyse the translated menu featuring Balinese dishes in order to know the translation strategies used and to establish the extent to which intersemiotic translation is used to complement the translation. The data were taken from Balinese menus in Bale Udang Mang Engking Restaurant, Gemitir Open Garden Café, and Flinders Cafe. The data were collected and analysed using the theories proposed by Li (2018) and Baker (2001). The results showed that the translation strategies used in these three menus are loan word with explanation and paraphrase with the intersemiotic aspects followed are words to image and colour also words to image, colour, and gesture.
Work-life balance practice: A proposed study for a Japanese higher education institution
Authors: Zakaria Azzarina , Zurcher Stephen A
Published: December 2022

Japan, a country suffering from a significant decline in their working population, has been criticised for the long working hours for many years, which is attributed to the traditional work culture that emphasises work as a way of life rather than working just for work sake, hence impeding the individual ability to balance work and life. This conceptual paper aims to cast a light on new empirical evidence concerning the work-life balance practice in Japan from a private higher education institution perspective. It will be framed upon a quantitative design via a self-administered questionnaire.
Keywords: work-life balance; working hours; Japan
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i22.4147
Empowering Personal Representatives’ Statutory Duties in Administration of Deceased’s Estates
Authors: Mohd Noor Nor Azlina , Abd Aziz Ahmad Shamsul
Published: December 2022

In Malaysia, law requires for the appointment of personal representatives before the deceased estates can be distributed. There are numbers of statutory duties and power of personal representatives related to deceased estates. However, anecdotal evidence showed personal representative are not in the know on what should be done once appointed. This article aims to discuss the basic duties of personal representatives. The discussion adopts the doctrinal content analysis method. This paper concludes that the express provision pertaining to the basic roles and duties of personal representatives in Malaysia is not clear which can contribute to problems in managing deceased estates.
Features of structuring and ablation of thin titanium films by femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Kuzmin E. V.  , Klekovkin A.V.
Published: December 2022

The processes of structuring and ablation of a titanium film by femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths of 515 nm and 1030 nm have been studied in both single-pulse and multi-pulse modes. The optimal energy regimes for the selective removal of film material without damaging the substrate, as well as the regimes for the generation of the periodic structures on the surface, are determined. The evolution of periodic structures with an increase in the number of laser pulses is shown. The precision removal of titanium film is associated with thermomechanical explosive boiling and the corresponding energy contribution, which ensures the cascade appearance of ablation craters.. Keywords: thin films, femtosecond laser pulses, surface treatment
Interaction of femtosecond laser radiation with chalcogenide glasses of various compositions
Authors: Rupasov A. E.  , Danilov P. A.  , Ionin A. A.  , Smirnov N. A.  , Kudryashov S. I.  , Khmelnitskii R. A.  , Shelygina S. N.  , Levchenko A. O.  , Shiryaev V. S.
Published: December 2022

The interaction of femtosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 1030 nm with chalcogenide glasses of various compositions has been studied. The dependence of the optical transmission of chalcogenide glasses on the pulse energy and frequency has been experimentally established. The compositions of glasses for their use as an optical medium for laser micromachining in the infrared range have been established. It is shown that Ge7Se93 glass is the most suitable optical medium for spectral studies of diamond in the near and mid-IR range. Keywords: direct laser recording, femtosecond laser pulses, chalcogenide glasses, IR optical materials.
Optical properties and photo-heating of aqueous suspensions of silicon-based nanocomposite particles with deposited gold
Authors: Kornilova A.V.  , Ikramova S.B.  , Musayeva D.U.  , Syuy A. V.  , Timoshenko V. Yu.
Published: December 2022

The optical properties of nanocomposite particles consisting of silicon cores about 100 nm in size with smaller gold nanoparticles deposited on their surface have been studied. An increase in the absorption of light in the near-infrared region of the spectrum for the obtained nanoparticles is observed in comparison with that for nanoparticles of pure silicon or gold. Experiments on measuring the temperature of aqueous suspensions showed significantly higher rates of photoheating of nanocomposite particles upon irradiation with laser radiation at a wavelength of 810 nm compared to the case of pure silicon nanoparticles. Calculations of the distribution of the electric field showed multiple increases in its strength near nanocomposite particles upon irradiation with light in the visible and near-infrared ranges and also made it possible to find the scattering and absorption contributions to the extinction spectra of nanoparticle suspensions. The observed enhanced photoheating of nanocomposite particles can be used for application in antibacterial treatment and cancer hyperthermia. Keywords: nanophotonics, plasmonics, nanoparticles, photohyperthermia, silicon, gold.
Demonstrating Regional Climate and Meteorological Sensitivity in Landfill Methane Inventories from Historical Californian Databases
Authors: Dumble Paul
Published: December 2022

The urgency to manage global methane emissions has been acknowledged with international pledges to reduce 2020 levels by 30% by 2030. Carbon management requires effective tools to monitor changes, including those from significant sources including waste disposed on land. The first order degradation model used to determine landfill methane emissions, has been described by researchers as highly variable, insensitive and inadequate, despite recent attempts to explain microclimate impacts on methane oxidation. The development of detailed regional inventories is hampered by these variables. The availability of historical waste management and meteorological data in California, enables a theoretical review and modelling of meteorological moisture changes with methane generation data in a region of decadal drought. This study identifies a novel approach in the modelling of regional optimisation of variable seasonal parameters of moisture and methane oxidation based on the adjustment of the methane correction factor (MCF) generally assumed to be MCF = 1 for managed sites, that is optimised as MCFsite ≠ 1 as the average regional MCFall sites, → 1 (Range: <1, ≥1). Regional annual unmitigated methane emitted in December 2010 after methane recovery, oxidation and flaring is estimated at 0.40 million tonnes, falling to 0.31 million tonnes in 2011 and back to 0.40 million tonnes in 2012 (Pr < 0.01, n = 370). as meteorological conditions returned to the changing decadal norm. Meteorological and climate sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to the regional water balance, spatial distribution of landfill site moisture levels, satellite imagery of 2012 wildfire intensity ranges, the 2011 El Nino impacts and independent data sources. The method provides accurate regional methane assessments inclusive of soil and cover material oxidation. This will primarily benefit developing countries where landfill remains a dominant option, enabling the development of database linked satellite monitoring and detailed regional landfill climate emission inventories.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Prevalence and Perception of Telehealth Use in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Survey Study
Authors: Shamiyah Khalid Adnan , Whitebridge Simon , Kumar Nitya , Aljenaee Khaled , Atkin Stephen L , Ali Khawla Fuad
Published: December 2022

Background

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth has become a safer way to access health care. The telehealth industry has rapidly expanded over the last decade as a modality to provide patient-centered care. However, the prevalence of its use and patient acceptability remains unclear in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Objective

The primary aim was to assess the prevalence of telehealth use before and during the pandemic by using social media (Instagram) as an online platform for survey administration across different countries simultaneously. Our secondary aim was to assess the perceptions regarding telehealth among those using it.

Methods

An Instagram account that reaches 130,000 subjects daily was used to administer a questionnaire that assessed the current prevalence of telehealth use and public attitudes and acceptability toward this modality of health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

A total of 1524 respondents participated in the survey (n=1356, 89% female; median age 31 years), of whom 97.6% (n=1487) lived in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Prior to COVID-19, 1350 (88.6%) had no exposure to telehealth. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth use increased by 251% to a total of 611 users (40% of all users). About 89% (571/640) of telehealth users used virtual visits for specialist visits. Of the 642 participants who reported using telehealth, 236 (36.8%) reported their willingness to continue using telehealth, 241 (37.5%) were unsure, and 164 (25.5%) did not wish to continue to use telehealth after the COVID-19 pandemic. An inverse trend, although not statistically significant, was seen between willingness to continue telehealth use and the number of medical comorbidities (odds ratio [OR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.64-1.03; P=.09). Compared to the respondents who chose only messaging as the modality they used for telehealth, respondents who chose both messaging and phone calls were significantly less likely to recommend telehealth (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.80; P=.009). Overall, there was general satisfaction with telehealth, and respondents reported that telehealth consultations made them feel safer and saved both time and money.

Conclusions

Telehealth use increased dramatically after the COVID-19 pandemic, and telehealth was found to be acceptable among some young adult groups on Instagram. However, further innovation is warranted to increase acceptability and willingness to continue telehealth use for the delivery of health care.
Using Intervention Mapping to Develop an mHealth Intervention to Support Men Who Have Sex With Men Engaging in Chemsex (Budd): Development and Usability Study
Authors: Herrijgers Corinne , Platteau Tom , Vandebosch Heidi , Poels Karolien , Florence Eric
Published: December 2022

Background

Chemsex refers to the intentional use of drugs before or during sex among men who have sex with men (MSM). Engaging in chemsex has been linked to significant negative impacts on physical, psychological, and social well-being. However, no evidence-based support tools have addressed either these harms or the care needs of MSM who engage in chemsex.

Objective

The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of a mobile health intervention (named Budd) using the intervention mapping protocol (IMP). Budd aims to support and inform MSM who participate in chemsex, reduce the negative impacts associated with chemsex, and encourage more reasoned participation.

Methods

The IMP consists of 6 steps to develop, implement, and evaluate evidence-based health interventions. A needs assessment was carried out between September 2, 2019, and March 31, 2020, by conducting a literature study and in-depth interviews. Change objectives were selected based on these findings, after which theory-based intervention methods were selected. The first version of the intervention was developed in December 2020 and pilot-tested between February 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021. Adjustments were made based on the findings from this study. A separate article will be dedicated to the effectiveness study, conducted between October 15, 2021, and February 24, 2022, and implementation of the intervention. The Budd app went live in April 2022.

Results

Budd aims to address individual factors and support chemsex participants in applying harm reduction measures when taking drugs (drug information, drug combination tool, and notebook), preparing for participation in a chemsex session (articles on chemsex, preparation tool, and event-specific checklist), planning sufficient time after a chemsex session to recover (planning tool), seeking support for their chemsex participation (overview of existing local health care and peer support services, reflection, personal statistics, and user testimonials), taking HIV medication or pre-exposure prophylaxis in a timely manner during a chemsex session (preparation tool), and contacting emergency services in case of an emergency and giving first aid to others (emergency information and personal buddy).

Conclusions

The IMP proved to be a valuable tool in the planning and development of the Budd app. This study provides researchers and practitioners with valuable information that may help them to set up their own health interventions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/39678
Зуболікарська допомога в Україні: історичні нариси (частина 2)1
Authors: Shymilina V.V.
Published: December 2022

У статті розглянуто історичні аспекти становлення державного зуболікування в Україні на початку ХХ століття, а також подано документи й світлини. На підставі архівних матеріалів нормативно-правових документів висвітлено створення мережі державних лікувально-профілактичних зуболікарських закладів шляхом націоналізації приватних зуболікарських кабінетів. Проведено аналіз розвитку зуболікарської освіти в України: підготовка фахівців з вищою освітою проводилась у державних інститутах стоматології і шляхом перепідготовки зубних лікарів у стоматологів, а також проводилось навчання зубних лікарів, спеціалістів із середньою професійною освітою, у державних зуболікарських школах, які були націоналізовані й переведені в розпорядження губернських відділів охорони здоров’я. Запроваджені зміни, державне регулювання зуболікарської галузі створювали умови для забезпечення висококваліфікованою стоматологічною допомогою широких верств населення коштом держави.
Історичні нариси становлення стоматології України у ХХ столітті
Authors: Pozhevilova A. , Pozhevilova K.
Published: December 2022

Стоматологічна спільнота відсвяткувала 100-річчя формування української наукової стоматологічної школи. Історія становлення стоматології є однією з найцікавіших, але недостатньо глибоко вивчених сторінок історії охорони здоров’я України. Особливо це стосується періоду після соціальної революції 1917 р. У статті подані історичні нариси створення державної системи організації стоматологічної служби України, реформування й законодавчого врегулювання стоматології як медичної дисципліни. У країні був проголошений принцип доступності й безоплатності високоякісної медичної допомоги для громадян. Відбувається формування вищої стоматологічної освіти на одонтофаках медичних інститутів, зберігаються і суттєво реформуються зуболікарські школи, що готують зубних лікарів, спеціалістів із середньою професійною медичною освітою, що вирішило кадрове питання: одонтологічні факультети України були єдиним масовим джерелом поповнення лав лікарів-стоматологів у СРСР.
Faktor Penyebab Ketidakpatuhan terhadap Peraturan Pangan: Studi Kualitatif pada Distributor Pangan Olahan di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Nurhayati Lyna , Satibi Satibi , Sumarni Sumarni
Published: December 2022

Kepatuhan pelaku usaha terhadap peraturan pangan penting dalam menjamin keamanan produk yang diproduksi atau diedarkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggali faktor-faktor penyebab ketidakpatuhan pelaku usaha distributor pangan olahan terhadap peraturan di bidang pangan di Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam yang direkam dengan alat perekam. Responden utama adalah pelaku usaha yang memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan dengan mempertimbangkan jenis sarana dan jenis pelanggarannya. Jenis sarana distribusi yang terwakili yaitu kios, toko, toko berantai dan distributor besar pangan olahan. Jumlah responden utama yang diwawancarai berjumlah 12 responden, terdiri dari 5 responden utama dan 7 responden konfirmasi (tiap sarana 1 responden utama kecuali sarana 1 sebanyak 2 responden utama). Hasil wawancara responden utama ditranskrip untuk kemudian dianalisis.  Proses analisis meliputi penentuan pernyataan responden utama yang dianggap menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, konfirmasi pernyataan tersebut ke responden konfirmasi, coding, penentuan subkategori dan kategori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakpatuhan pelaku usaha terhadap peraturan di bidang pangan. Faktor penyebab tersebut adalah kurangnya pengetahuan pelaku usaha terhadap peraturan, faktor keuangan yang berasal dari tingginya permintaan konsumen terhadap praktek yang dilarang, serta faktor ketidakpedulian yang dikarenakan perilaku malas dan kesibukan pada pekerjaan lain.
Perilaku Swamedikasi Masyarakat Wonosobo selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Amalia Rezha Nur , Annisaa' Eva , Dianingati Ragil Setia
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in restrictions on health services. It is estimated that there is concern about being infected when going to a health care facility that can influence people's behavior to do self-medication. This study aims to determine the behavior of self-medication in the Wonosobo community during the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors that influence it. This research is an observational descriptive study with an online survey technique using a questionnaire and using 107 samples with certain criteria obtained using a purposive sampling technique. The majority of respondents did self-medication 1-2 times during the Covid-19 pandemic (67.3%). The reason for doing self-medication is because they used to do it before the pandemic (57%), and the most felt complaint was pain (16%). The majority of drugs consumed were antipyretic drugs (26%) and the majority had taken drugs that are legally allowed to be used for self-medication (96%). The majority of respondents buy drugs at pharmacies (92%) and if they do not recover, they will check with a doctor (59.8%). The results of the test of the relationship between self-medication behavior with factors of age, education, and knowledge (p <0.05). While the factors of employment, income, health facilities, ownership of health insurance, type of health insurance, and sources of information on drug selection had no significant effect (p>0.05). So it can be concluded that age, education, and knowledge affect self-medication behavior in the Wonosobo community during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Uji Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal 2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) Ekstrak Kering Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L)
Authors: Gani Andayana Puspitasari , Murwanti Retno , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Sa'adah Miftahus
Published: December 2022

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam sediaan obat tradisional dengan indikasi meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Diduga terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara aktivitas antioksidan dan respon imun, terutama respon imun humoral yang diperantarai oleh aktivitas makrofag. Pembuatan ekstrak kering sebagai bahan baku sediaan obat tradisional berpotensi menimbulkan adanya perubahan aktivitas ekstrak dikarenakan adanya pemanasan pada prosesnya. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini diuji aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kering meniran dengan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 0,79 ± 0,06 % EK, memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan IC50 sebesar 74,28 µg/mL. Proses pengeringan dan penambahan bahan pengisi pada ekstrak dapat berpengaruh pada aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH.
Creating Portable Hygiene Hand Washer Stations as an Eﬀort to Prevent COVID-19 Transmission
Authors: Rosyada Dina Fitriana , Herawati Dian , Hazhiyah Amalia Ula , Basuki Budi , Harjono Harjono , Pratiwi Rita Dian , Khasanah Uswatun
Published: December 2022

Currently, there is an outbreak of a new infectious disease in Indonesia, namely coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease is spread quickly through close contact and droplets expelled when coughing, sneezing, talking, or contacting contaminated surfaces. Some eﬀective methods include always wearing a mask outside the house, maintaining a distance of at least 2 meters when interacting with people, and diligently washing hands with soap for at least 20 seconds. The community service program aimed to make portable and hygienic handwashing stations as a form of participation in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in the community. The station is easy to move, and users do not need totouch the faucet and soap dispenser. The user only needs to step on the foot pedal to open the faucet and soap dispenser. Viruses, bacteria, or germs can stick to the handle, and the touchless faucet will minimize contact. This station is expected to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. This community service program was carried out in Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta and supported by partners such as, Nglipar I, Ponjong, Tepus 1 and 2, Patuk 1 and 2, Semin 2, Panggang 1 dan 2, Gedangsari 2, and Girisubo Community Health Center. The distribution of the station ran smoothly, and it could be used properly. The Community Health Centers were helped with this program.
Broadening Partnership for Strengthening the Networks of Politani Kupang
Authors: Vertygo Stormy , Starmans Steven , Kijne Albertien , Leyequién Eurídice , Sinlae Dina V. , Moata Melinda R.S. , Abolla Noldin
Published: December 2022

A tailor-made training (TMT) assembled by both Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang (Politani Kupang) and Van Hall Larenstein of Applied Sciences, Netherlands (VHL) was conducted from the 9th to 13th November 2020. This training focused on the importance of establishing, maintaining, and broadening partnerships for a better institutional development. As many as 19 participants were invited to attend the training and were assigned into ﬁve groups based on the ﬁve prioritized commodities the institution was planning to expand further, which were: meat/beef, coﬀee, honey, shallot, and catﬁsh. The training was organized through both online and oﬄine methods. The online method implemented both an asynchronous pathway, in which all the materials were posted through Google Classroom and Whatsapp group, and an asynchronous pathway, in which the teaching-learning process was organized via ZOOM. For the in-person method, the participantswere taken to a ﬁeld trip. By the end of the training, all the participants had understood the concepts of partnerships and their importance, how to construct and diﬀer between a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and a Contract, how to achieve cultural awareness for a fruitful partnership, and how to outline a business plan and demonstrate a 3-minute pitch to be implemented on potential business partners during the ﬁeld trip.
Economic Empowerment of Dhuafa Families Through Digital Business and Financial Management Based on Maqashid Sharia in Tambakrigadung, Lamongan
Authors: Widiastuti Tika , Sukmaningrum Puji Sucia , Rani Lina Nugraha , Al Mustofa Muhammad Ubaidillah , Ardiani Ninda
Published: December 2022

Indonesia has an agricultural sector that contributes signiﬁcantly to the Indonesian economy. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic aﬀected the agricultural industry, it impacted much on the Maju Mulyo Farmer Group in Tambakrigadung, Lamongan. The majority of members of the Maju Mulyo Farmer Group were classiﬁed as dhuafa, which means that they had limitations in developing their businesses, planning family ﬁnances, and in using technology optimally to support business continuity. The solution provided was through community economic empowerment activities related to Maqashid Sharia-based ﬁnancial management and digital marketing. The method began by identifying the existing conditions of the Maju Mulyo Farmer Group. Subsequently, it was proceeded with the training stages which included product development training, business management, recording simple accounting reports, e-commerce, digital marketing, and family ﬁnancial management. The last stage consisted of mentoring, empowering, monitoring, and evaluation. The results of community service activities and providing training with regular assistance could open new insights for rural communities regarding ﬁnancial and business management amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Financial management and digital business could facilitate the daily activities of residents and improve the ability of villagers to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic.