bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Case of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Presenting with Organizing Pneumonia as Cavitary Lesions
Authors: Agrawal Sumita , Gupta Nitesh , Kumar Rohit , Sen M. K. , Chakrabarti Shibdas , Suri Jagdish Chander
Published: September 2019

A young woman presented with gradually progressive breathlessness, cough and muscle weakness for one and a half year. Her chest radiograph showed multiple, bilateral thin-walled cavitary lesions. Her serum was found to be positive for anti-Jo1 antibodies on serology. Histopathology of lung lesions was suggestive of organizing pneumonia. The muscle biopsy demonstrated a myopathic pattern. On the basis of these findings she was diagnosed to be the case of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Her condition improved significantly after treatment with steroids.
Impact of Preoperative Pathological Confirmation on Surgical and Postoperative Outcomes of Lung Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Izumo Takehiro , Terada Yuriko , Inomata Minoru , Kuse Naoyuki , Awano Nobuyasu , Tone Mari , Jo Tatsunori , Yoshimura Hanako , Moriya Atsuko , Furuhata Yoshiaki
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The frequency of detection of peripheral pulmonary lesion (PPL) in suspected early lung cancer has been increasing, and whether preoperative pathological diagnosis (PPD) for small PPLs should always be established before their surgical resection can become a worrisome problem for physicians. The aim of the study was to clarify the impact of obtaining PPD on surgical and postoperative outcomes of lung resection for early stage lung cancer. Material and methods: This was a retrospective review of cases that underwent surgical resection for known or suspected primary lung cancer presenting pathological stage 0 or I, enrolled from June 2006 to May 2016. The patients divided into two groups according to PPD group (n = 57) and non-PPD group (n = 157) were compared. The procedure, node dissection, operation time, amount of bleeding, postoperative complications, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative recurrences were analyzed. Results: Among the 214 patients, no significant differences in operation time (248.5 ± 88.6 versus 257.6 ± 89.0, min, mean ± SD, p = 0.328), amount of bleeding (195.3 ± 176.5 vs. 188.1 ± 236.1, mL, p = 0.460), postoperative complication (5.2% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.728), postoperative length of stay (10.6 ± 6.3 vs. 10.4 ± 5.3, days, p = 0.827), or postoperative recurrences (21.0% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.550) were seen between PPD and non-PPD groups. Conclusions: Therefore, PPD had less impact on surgical and postoperative outcomes of pathological stage 0 or I lung cancer; direct surgical resection without non-surgical biopsy would be acceptable with careful selection of cases.
MUSEUM EXHIBITION VERSUS COPYRIGHT
Authors: Gwoździewicz-Matan Paulina
Published: September 2019

Organisation of exhibitions from the point of view
of copyright (Act on Copyright and Related Rights of 4 Feb.
1994, further copyright) is a multifaceted issue. The analysis
conducted in the paper boils down to some selected aspects:
beginning with the right to display, through exhibition as a separate
copyrighted work, up to the exhibition author, namely
curator. When purchasing items for collections or acquiring
them on the ground of a loan contract, museums should make
sure the work can be exploited through public display. Such
agreement can be either expressed in the contract (rights or
licence transfer) or can be implicit (it can be then assumed that
non-exclusive licence with all its limitations has been transferred).
Furthermore, the construction of fair use from Art.
32.1 of Act on Copyright can be applicable. An issue apart is the question of exhibition as a separate copyrighted work.
It can be a co-authored work in the case when it combines creative
efforts of e.g. curator and author of the exhibition layout.
The article analyses exhibition understood as a collection
of exhibits selected and arranged following a script or
presented following a layout in order to fulfil the assumptions
of a derivative work (Art. 2 Act on Copyright) or a collection
(Art. 3 Act on Copyright). As a result of the assumption that
exhibition is a work, the curator becomes an author, thus will
have copyright to the created work. Depending on the formal
curator-museum relationship, the author’s economic rights
shall either be transferred to the museum (employee’s work,
specific-task contract with rights transfer or licence granting),
or shall exceptionally remain with the author.
Management decision-making algorithm
development for planning activities that
reduce the production risk level
Authors: Kruzhilko O. , Maystrenko V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Algorithm development for a measures phased expert assessment to reduce
production risk at an industrial enterprise to adapt the expert method to the conditions for
specific problem solving.
Design/methodology/approach: To develop an algorithm for making management
decisions, a step-by-step solution process was used. If the problem is solved under
conditions of complete or partial uncertainty, an expert method of estimation was applied.
In the mathematical model of management decision-making used criterion approach. At
the same time, the methods of Sevij, Wald, and Hurwitz are considered to determine the
criterion for choosing management decisions.
Findings: A phased expert assessment of measures that reduce production risk at
an industrial enterprise with the introduction of weighting factors in specified criteria is
proposed. The expediency of applying the method of expert assessments and the Hurwitz
criterion when planning measures to reduce industrial injuries is justified, since this approach
links the preventive measures in the field of labour protection with the results of risk
assessment and reduces subjectivity in making management decisions.
Research limitations/implications: The proposed algorithm for expert assessment of
measures to reduce production risk is universal for industrial enterprises.
Practical implications: An algorithm has been developed to substantiate managerial
decisions to reduce the production risks of the occurrence of traumatic events when
planning preventive measures, which involves applying criteria for selecting measures based
on the method of expert assessments and applying the Gurwitz criterion.
Originality/value: Developed a consistent model of industrial risk management, which is
based on a component method of assessing the risk of traumatic events and a mathematical
model of management decisions. This model differs from the existing ones, taking into
account all available risk-relevant information of the enterprise, stimulates preventive
activity, and allows establishing the dependence of the level of industrial risk on the validity
of measures on occupational safety and reducing the influence of the subjective component
of expert judgments.
Development of Nationwide Surface Spectral Acceleration Maps for Earthquake Resistant Design of Bridges Based on National Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2017
Authors: Mikhail Reguel , Irsyam Masyhur , Nazir Ramli , Asrurifak Mohammad , Hutapea Bigman Marihat , Rustiani Siska , Munirwansyah Munirwansyah , Sri Harninto Dandung
Published: September 2019

Spectral acceleration at the ground surface, including peak ground acceleration, provides essential information for earthquake resistant design and must be provided to bridge engineers in easily accessible media. Spectra acceleration maps are one way to deliver such information, but unfortunately the most recent Indonesian earthquake resistant design standard for bridges, SNI 2833-2016, only provides maps of earthquake hazard at bedrock. The development of earthquake acceleration maps at the ground surface for Indonesia in this study was based on earthquake hazard maps at bedrock with probability of exceedance (PE) 7% in 75 years, i.e. equal to an earthquake with a return period of 1034 years. Site conditions were adopted from the nationwide Vs30 map of Indonesia proposed by Irsyam (2017), which is a modified version of the Vs30 map proposed by Imamura & Furuta (2015). Site conditions combined with hazard value were used to determine the amplification factors according to the criteria in SNI 2833-2016 and then multiplied with hazard at bedrock to obtain surface spectra acceleration maps. The resulting maps are very useful for determining earthquake loads for bridge design at the preliminary design stage. Improvements to incorporate more advanced calculation methods and updated data in a future research are recommended and very feasible.
Quantitative Analysis of Interfacial Area on Liquid-liquid Multiphase Flow of Transesterification Process in Cross-junction Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Kushaari Kuzilati , Laziz Afiq Mohd , Hamid Nor Hisham
Published: September 2019

Key advantage of microfluidic technology in chemical processing is the high interfacial area which is especially important factors in multiphase reaction. The multiphase reaction like transesterification of vegetable oil and methanol to produce biodiesel are largely dependent on interfacial area for better mass transfer. However, little attentions have been given to the hydrodynamic factor which affects the interfacial area in a microchannel. In this study, the interfacial area from the droplet flow regime was studied by varying the parameter of methanol to oil ratio (M/O), total flow rate (QTotal) and catalyst concentration. The droplet flow was created by a cross-junction channel and photos were made to measure the size of the droplets with help of microscope. The maximum M/O ratio of 23 and lowest flow rate of 10 Î¼L/min exhibited the highest interfacial area, where increasing M/O by 67% could increase the interfacial area by 23%. By varying the KOH catalyst concentration, the change in the interfacial area was very small, hence showing the lowest impact on the interfacial area of the droplet. Therefore, further analysis must be performed to investigate the impact of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient on the reaction performance to produce highest yield of biodiesel in microchannel reactor.
Verteidigung um jeden Preis?
Authors: Chmelar Kristina
Published: September 2019

Tschechen zählen zu denjenigen europäischen Gesellschaften, die Immigration am stärksten problematisieren. Im Kontext der sogenannten Flüchtlingskrise wuchs sich diese Problematisierung zu einer regelrechten Immigrationsfeindlichkeit aus. Neben dem öffentlichen Migrationsdiskurs manifestierte sie sich auch im Diskurs der politischen Elite. Den vorliegenden Beitrag leiten vor diesem Hintergrund zwei Erkenntnisinteressen: Zum einen interessieren die Konstitutionsbedingungen der tschechischen Anti-Immigrationshaltung, zum anderen gilt es, die Funktionslogiken der wesentlichen Teile des Migrationsdiskurses zu verstehen. Das zentrale Argument ist, dass die Hegemonie eines ›geschlossenen Kulturalisierungsregimes‹ (Reckwitz) die tschechische Immigrationsfeindlichkeit bedingt. Zugleich ist diese Hegemonie ein fruchtbarer Nährboden für verschiedene rechtspopulistische Mobilisierungsstrategien, die das nationale Wir hauptsächlich in Negativbegriffen behaupten.
Genetic diversity of Bartonella taylorii and Bartonella grahamii strains
Authors: Mardosaitė-Busaitienė Dalytė , Amšiejūtė Paulina , Radzijevskaja Jana , Paulauskas Algimantas
Published: September 2019

Bacterial strains are a characteristic feature of many bacterial pathogens, including the species of the genus Bartonella. These bacteria are associated with different vertebrate hosts and vectors and have been detected in North America, Australia, Asia, and Europe. This study presents molecular characterization of Bartonella strains circulating in wild rodents. B. taylorii and B. grahamii are detected with high prevalence in mice, voles, and rats. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of B. taylorii and B. grahamii strains in wild rodents. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic diversity of B. taylorii and B. grahamii strains by sequence analysis of the housekeeping gene (rpoB) and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic species region (ITS). Sequence analysis of rpoB gene revealed the presence of 15 B. taylorii genotypes and four B. grahamii genotypes in mice and voles captured in Lithuania. Sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed the presence of six B. taylorii genotypes and four B. grahamii genotypes in Lithuanian voles and mice. Analysis of genetic diversity demonstrated that B. grahamii strains derived from the same geographic region or from regions of close proximity more conservative, while B. grahamii strains from more distant areas are more variable. Genetic diversity of B. taylorii strains seems not to depend on geographic distance.
Comparação de mapeamentos do uso da terra por técnicas de geoprocessamento no município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS
Authors: Zanchin Mayara , Leandro Diuliana , Quadro Maurízio Silveira , Cecconello Samanta Tolentino , Nadaleti Willian Cézar , Castro Andrea Souza
Published: September 2019

A erosão é um processo que ocorre naturalmente no planeta, resultado da modificação constante do relevo. Esse processo, entretanto, tem sido acelerado por conta de usos inadequados das capacidades de cada solo; bem como a retirada de sua cobertura vegetal protetora. A consequência dessa aceleração, geralmente, é percebida na intensificação de desastres naturais, como inundações e deslizamentos. Atualmente o estudo para controle de erosão é caro e demanda tempo. Logo, as técnicas de geoprocessamento vêm como forma de agilizar as análises, poupando tempo e barateando o processo (sem perder a qualidade). O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar dois mapeamentos distintos de uso da terra, e comparar as possíveis incompatibilidades entre eles, indicando provável impacto ambiental decorrente de uso. Através da comparação, fica evidente que alguns solos que são suscetíveis a erosão e possuem baixa disponibilidade hídrica, como as colinas, estão sendo utilizados para cultivo. Em contrapartida, em menor escala, nota-se que os solos de planícies baixas lagunares não estão sendo utilizado para cultivo, conforme estipulado na capacidade original de uso. Apesar do município de São Lourenço do Sul possuir uma classificação para o seu uso do solo, constatou-se que essa capacidade não caracteriza completamente o cenário real, não havendo cumprimento por parte dos moradores nem fiscalização do poder público quanto a esse uso. É necessário, para que se atinja uma redução do alto grau erosivo no município, a criação de planos e programas que facilitem a identificação da área ideal a ser cultivada, bem como as corretas técnicas de plantio e manejo a serem utilizadas por parte do agricultor. Assim, as perdas de solo serão mitigadas e a conservação da área será restaurada.
Como interpretar "ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι" e "εἰς ἓν σῶμα" em 1Coríntios 12,13
Authors: Torquato Junior Clovis , Artuso Vicente
Published: September 2019

O artigo analisa sete interpretações das expressões: "ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι" e "εἰς ἓν σῶμα" e como estas se relacionam com o verbo principal da oração "ἐβαπτίσθημεν" em 1Coríntios 12,13. São analisadas várias traduções, sempre à luz do texto grego e da sintaxe. Essas possibilidades de tradução incidem na teologia do texto, o que é observável na própria tradição cristã. O trabalho revela ainda a complexidade da tarefa exegético-hermenêutica de um texto relevante para a eclesiologia. Sua análise é um exemplo para conhecer a complexidade do texto grego aberto a outros significados, o que constitui permanente o desafio na exegese do Novo Testamento, em vista de determinar o sentido exato do texto.
Estas palavras e o Shemá
Authors: Perondi Ildo
Published: September 2019

No livro do Deuteronômio, a expressão “estas palavras” é repetida várias vezes pelo redator final com o objetivo de introduzir os discursos que Moisés profere ao povo antes da sua morte e antes de o povo entrar na terra. As palavras de Moisés concluem o Pentateuco e, por conseguinte, toda a Torá que norteará a vida do povo de Israel. Dentre estas palavras, encontra-se também o Shemá, a oração por excelência que constitui a profissão de fé israelita, também o ponto central na tradição e na espiritualidade hebraica. Este artigo visa analisar a importância e o significado que estas palavras e o Shemá tiveram – e continuam a ter – para o povo judeu, bem como para o cristianismo.
Public priorities on locally-driven sea level rise planning on the East Coast of the United States
Authors: Carpenter Adam T
Published: September 2019

Sea Level Rise poses a substantial concern to communities worldwide. Increased inundation, storm surge, salt water intrusion, and other impacts create challenges which will require considerable planning to address. Recognizing the broad and differing scope of sea level rise issues and the variability of policy options to address them, local planning frameworks are necessary in addition to tools and resources available from state and federal governments. To help assess priorities and preferences on sea level rise planning, a survey of 503 persons affiliated with coastal communities on the East Coast of the United States was conducted in December 2017. This survey studied key aspects locally-driven sea level rise plans, including planning priorities, funding options, methods to resolve conflict, and potential responses. Six key findings address these and other concerns to provide the foundation of a locally driven framework for public officials.
Gambaran Penyebab Perilaku Phubbing pada Pelanggan Restoran
Authors: Vetsera Noriksa Ratu , Sekarasih Laras
Published: September 2019

Di Indonesia terdapat sebutan “Generasi Menunduk” ataupun “Antisosial” sebagai salah satu dampak dari penggunaan teknologi media seperti ponsel pintar. Salah satu bagian dari perilaku penggunaan ponsel pintar di tempat umum yang belum banyak dibahas adalah perilaku phubbing, yaitumasyarakat cenderung fokus menatap ponsel daripada melangsungkan komunikasi tatap muka termasuk ketika makan bersama di restoran. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan penyebab pelanggan restoran melakukan phubbingserta persepsi pelanggan mengenai penyediaan intervensi sebagai alternatif solusi untuk mengurangi perilaku phubbing. Wawancara semi-terstruktur dilakukan terhadap dua puluh orang pelanggan restoran dan tujuh orang dari pihak penyedia jasa restoran. Analisis tema terhadap respons partisipan menunjukkan tiga alasan penyebab phubbing: obsesi terhadap ponsel, Fear of Missing out (FoMo), dan kecanduan game. Dampak penyebab phubbing diketahui: memunculkan perasaan diabaikan, tidak dihargai, gangguan dalam berkomunikasi, dan memunculkan perasaan negatif. Penyediaan intervensi anteseden dipersepsi sebagai alternatif cara mengurangi perilaku phubbing di restoran. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengulas penyusunan program intervensi.
Alah bisa Karena Biasa: Peran Perceived Behavioral Control dalam Perilaku Memilah Sampah di Kalangan Penjual Kantin Universitas XYZ
Authors: Afifah Ashma Nur , Djuwita Ratna
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku memilah sampah dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya dalam kerangka Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Spesifiknya, kami ingin mengeksplorasi dan menguji faktor apa dari TPB yang berperan pada penjual kantin Universitas XYZ. Studi 1 dilakukan dengan wawancara ke 6 penjual kantin. Hasil eksplorasi kualitatif menemukan bahwa penjual kantin sudah terbiasa memilah sampah. Analisis tematik menemukan bahwa perilaku ini dibentuk dari program wajib dari universitas, penilaian individu terhadap konsekuensi dan tujuan pemilahan (sikap), contoh dan teguran dari pihak yang dianggap penting atau otoritas (norma subjektif), serta kemudahan dalam memilah sampah dengan adanya pengetahuan dan penyediaan fasilitas pemilahan (perceived behavioural control). Studi 2 dilakukan untuk menguji kerangka TPB dan dimensi kepuasan fasilitas pemilahan pada pedagang kantin secara kuantitatif. Kami menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 89 penjual kantin. Hasil analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel attitude dan norma subjektif secara signifikan berkontribusi 17% terhadap intensi memilah sampah dan hanya perceived behavioural control yang signifikan berkontribusi sebanyak 21% terhadap perilaku memilah sampah. Pemilahan yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan menjadi faktor yang diasumsikan menguatkan peran PBC dan meniadakan peran intensi. Peran PBC menjadi penting untuk dapat menjaga perilaku pemilahan sampah di kalangan penjaga kantin Universitas XYZ.
Pesan dari Editor-in-Chief: Riset Psikologi Sosial yang Dibutuhkan Indonesia
Authors: Takwin Bagus
Published: September 2019

Berangkat dari latar belakang bagaimana peranan psikologi sosial dalam penyelesaian masalah-masalah di masyarakat, pada bulan April 2019, Jurnal Psikologi Sosial (JPS) dan Ikatan Psikologi Sosial (IPS) menyelenggarakan dua diskusi dengan topik “Identifikasi Kebutuhan Riset Psikologi Sosial di Indonesia”. Pertanyaan yang diajukan: Riset psikologi sosial apa yang dibutuhkan oleh Indonesia? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, diperlukan identifikasi kebutuhan riset psikologi sosial di Indonesia yang didasari identifikasi terhadap masalah sosial dan antisipasi kemungkinan-kemungkinan perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia. Tulisan ini memaparkan sebagian hasil dari dua diskusi itu tentang identifikasi kebutuhan riset psikologi sosial di Indonesia, mulai dari mengenali tuntutan yang ditujukan kepada Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara, mengenali kondisi aktual yang berlangsung, kemudian usulan riset psikologi sosial yang dibutuhkan Indonesia.
The pre-Pleistocene fossil thylacinids (Dasyuromorphia: Thylacinidae) and the evolutionary context of the modern thylacine
Authors: Rovinsky Douglass S. , Evans Alistair R. , Adams Justin W.
Published: September 2019

The thylacine is popularly used as a classic example of convergent evolution between placental and marsupial mammals. Despite having a fossil history spanning over 20 million years and known since the 1960s, the thylacine is often presented in both scientific literature and popular culture as an evolutionary singleton unique in its morphological and ecological adaptations within the Australian ecosystem. Here, we synthesise and critically evaluate the current state of published knowledge regarding the known fossil record of Thylacinidae prior to the appearance of the modern species. We also present phylogenetic analyses and body mass estimates of the thylacinids to reveal trends in the evolution of hypercarnivory and ecological shifts within the family. We find support thatMutpuracinus archibaldioccupies an uncertain position outside of Thylacinidae, and considerNimbacinus richito likely be synonymous withN. dicksoni. The Thylacinidae were small-bodied (< ~8 kg) unspecialised faunivores until after the ~15–14 Ma middle Miocene climatic transition (MMCT). After the MMCT they dramatically increase in size and develop adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet, potentially in response to the aridification of the Australian environment and the concomitant radiation of dasyurids. This fossil history of the thylacinids provides a foundation for understanding the ecology of the modern thylacine. It provides a framework for future studies of the evolution of hypercarnivory, cursoriality, morphological and ecological disparity, and convergence within mammalian carnivores.
Enrollment of Rural Farmers’ Children into Schools in Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Oke O. O. , Adeoye A. S.
Published: September 2019

Education is germane to liberating many people from high level of illiteracy and abject poverty. But lack of school enrollment among vulnerable children of such people living in the rural areas will further limit development, progress and the well-being they deserve. This study however was meant to assess the enrollment of rural farmers’ children into schools in Ido and Oluyole Local Government Areas, Ibadan, Oyo state. Purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the study area in the areas of Ibadan while random sampling was used to select 150 respondents from 10 communities in the 2 LGAs. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that majority of the respondents (94.2%) were married, 63.3% were above 60 years, 50.8% of the respondents were Christian while 49.2% were Muslims. The result also revealed that the majority of the respondents had primary (45%) and no formal education (45%). The result also showed the enrolment levels of farmers’ children in schools that 49.2% of the respondents’ male children between the ranges of 2-4 are enrolled in schools with the highest percentage of enrolment about 59.2% of the respondents female children are enrolled in schools. More so, 43.3% of the total respondents’ children are enrolled in schools, implying low enrollment in schools due to their low standard of living and unemployment in the country as indicated by 61.7% of the respondents to be a challenge to school enrolment for their children. In conclusion, the government should come up with strategies of establishing program such as free education where rural farmers’ children can benefit from and also ensure access to loans to improve farm business of rural farmers, supplying them with input and improved varieties that will increase their yield with commensurate income to support the enrolment of their children in schools. This will encourage and support enrolment of their children in school and eventually improve their living standard in the society.
Hydric-stress Tolerance in Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)
Authors: Lima Edimilson Barbosa , Ticona-Benavente César Augusto , Filho Danilo Fernandes Da Silva
Published: September 2019

Aims: The present work aims to assess hydric stress tolerance in cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum).

Study Design: Four cocona genotypes were planted in completely randomized blocks design with three replicates. Each replicate was irrigated with different water volumes, tantamount to 50, 100 and 150% of evapotranspiration (ET) respectively.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was developed in National Institute of Amazonian Research at the agricultural experimental station, which is located on Km 14 AM-10 roadway, from September 2013 to April 2014.

Methodology: The fruits were harvested each 15 days by three months. The assessed characters were plant stand, stem diameter, plant height, fruit yield, number of fruits per plant; fruit mass, length, diameter and length/diameter ratio.

Results: Irrigation treatments, both 50 and 150% ET, reduced height plant, fruit mass and length. Other characters were no affected by the hydric stress.

Conclusion: Cocona is tolerant to both hydric stress, being the major hydric stress effect fruit size and mass decreasing. Other studies must to be performed to determinate the hydric stress threshold which lead to decrease fruit yield and dead plant.
Cardiovascular Health Score and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Nguyen Xuan-Mai T. , Li Yanping , Gong Yusi , Houghton Serena , Ho Yuk-Lam , Pyatt Mary , Treu Timothy , Li Ruifeng , Akinosho Kitan , Raghavan Sridharan , Gagnon David R. , Gaziano John Michael , Wilson Peter W. F. , Cho Kelly ,   VA Million Veteran Program
Published: December 2024

Importance

The American Heart Association proposed Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) as an enhanced measurement tool for cardiovascular health.

Objective

To examine the association of LE8 with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) incidence and prognosis in veterans.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective cohort study of US veterans enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP) between 2011 and 2022. Data were analyzed from 2023 to 2024.

Exposure

LE8 score ranged from 0 to 100, with higher score indicating better cardiovascular health.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was total ASCVD incidence in veterans without baseline ASCVD, and the secondary outcome was incidence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) among veterans with and without ASCVD at baseline.

Results

A total of 413 052 veterans (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [12.1] years; 378 162 [91.6%] male) were included. Based on 1.7 million person-years of follow-up of 279 868 veterans without any ASCVD at baseline, 45 067 veterans had an ASCVD event during follow-up. Total LE8 score and each component LE8 factor score was associated with incident ASCVD in an inverse, linear, dose-response manner. For veterans without prior ASCVD, those with an LE8 score between 80 and 100 had lower risk of ASCVD compared with those with an LE8 score of 0 to 49 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.35-0.38]). Similarly, risk of MACE was significantly lower among veterans with an LE8 score of 80 to 100 regardless of baseline ASCVD status (with ASCVD: aHR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.48-0.56]; without ASCVD: aHR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.13-0.15]) compared with those with ASCVD and an LE8 score of 0 to 49.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of US veterans, higher LE8 scores were associated with significantly lower ASCVD incidence risk and lower likelihood of developing adverse cardiovascular events regardless of ASCVD status at baseline. These results support the utility of LE8 for health promotion and ASCVD prevention.
Reconfigurable Artificial Perception System and Logic Gates Based on Large‐Scale Antiambipolar 2D Heterostructure Array
Authors: Ren Yi , Wang Yongji , Xiong Zi‐Yu , Bai Yunping , Wen Huashun , Zhai Kunpeng , Zhu Sha , Zhu Ning Hua
Published: December 2024

Van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures enable the fabrication of various optoelectronic devices with unprecedented functionalities, particularly antiambipolar transistors. Different methods have been employed to construct such devices; however, their integration and versatility remain significantly constrained. Here, large‐scale antiambipolar vdWs heterostructure arrays capable of implementing self‐adaptive artificial perception systems and reconfigurable logic gates are verified adopting 2D Te/WS2 heterojunctions for the first time. The resulting transistors allow the modulation of band slope and depletion regions in individual constituents through electrostatic gating, delivering a high rectification ratio of 1.8 × 104. Benefiting from the gate‐tunable antiambipolar characteristic and charge capture, such a device can realize reconfigurable modulation of synaptic plasticity between excitatory and inhibitory modes, enabling the emulation of artificial perception system for the adaptive and subjective perception adjustment in various external environments and also a recognition accuracy of 90.5% for image classification through training and inference simulations. In addition, five fundamental logic gate operations with good stability and reliability, as well as low energy consumption, are achieved in the dual‐gate antiambipolar transistor by tuning the input signals. Furthermore, similar antiambipolar characteristics are also observed from other 2D Te‐based heterostructures, defining a simple, effective, and universal method to create multifunctional antiambipolar transistors.
Piperazine‐Functionalized Arylene Diimides as Electron Transport Layers for High‐Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Lixin , Fu Huiting , Zheng Qingdong
Published: December 2024

In organic solar cells (OSCs), electron transport layer (ETL) materials are typically designed with highly polar groups to lower the work function (WF) of the cathode and ensure solvent orthogonality. However, the increased surface energy associated with these polar groups results in significant hygroscopicity and poor interfacial contact with the active layer, posing a challenge for interlayer engineering that must balance device efficiency and stability. Herein, two novel arylene diimides (PDI‐P and NDI‐P) are developed with side chains that are end‐capped with piperazine groups, as opposed to the commonly used amine groups. As ETLs, these materials not only exhibit excellent electron conductivity but also effectively lower the WF of the silver cathode. Compared to the amine‐functionalized perylene diimide (PDI‐N), the piperazine‐functionalized perylene diimide (PDI‐P) exhibits reduced surface energy and hygroscopicity, resulting in improved wettability with the active layer and decreased moisture sensitivity. These characteristics contribute to enhanced interfacial contact and device stability. The PDI‐P ETL is compatible with various high‐performance electron acceptor materials, achieving high efficiencies across a wide thickness range of ≈7 to 30 nm, with a maximum efficiency of 19.8%. These findings highlight the great potential of PDI‐P as an ETL for high‐efficiency and stable OSCs.
A Chiral Cocrystal Strategy Producing Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Enhancing Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Yang Chenfei , Fu Siyao , Li Shouzhen , Li Fei , Su Yi , Li Tingting , Liu Huapeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2024

The maintenance of triplet excitons to produce room‐temperature phosphorescence while simultaneously improving the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) makes the preparation of circularly polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐RTP) materials challenging. Herein, two chiral cocrystals are reported with CP‐RTP using S/R‐1‐(1‐Naphthyl)ethanol (S/R‐1‐nea) as the donor and 1,2,4,5‐Tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as the acceptor. Simultaneous enhancement of glum and PLQY is accomplished, with the greatest phosphorescence in the PLQY of ≈31% and |glum| of 0.065, which is one of the highest |glum| in cocrystals. Doping two chiral cocrystals into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix resulted in polymer films with circularly polarized long afterglow luminescence, indicating the potential for multilevel encryption applications. This study provides a novel approach to achieve the dual improvement of glum and phosphorescence PLQY, and broadens the application prospects of CP‐RTP materials.
Chiral Steric Effect for Improved Phase Transition and Exciton Dynamics in Efficient and Stable All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Qing , Hu Ren‐Jie , Fu Zhen , Qiao Jia‐Wei , Lu Peng , Yin Hang , Du Xiao‐Yan , Qin Wei , Hao Xiao‐Tao
Published: December 2024

Chiral materials exhibit distinctive properties that improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, chiral PM6 is integrated into PM6:PY‐IT blends to fabricate chiral quasi‐binary OSCs (cOSCs). The produced devices displayed an increased short‐circuit current and fill factor, achieving a peak efficiency of 16.60% compared to 15.96% for the standard PM6:PY‐IT cell. Additionally, the incorporation of chiral PM6 significantly enhanced the thermal stability, with the cOSCs retaining over 80% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation. The steric effect of chiral PM6 altered the molecular packing, thereby improving the overall crystallinity. The optimized nanoscale domain morphology resulted in a more effective blend film, leading to superior device performance. Moreover, the chirality‐induced orbital angular momentum increased the ratio of triplet states, which is a key factor for increasing the photocurrent in OSCs. The delocalization of electron wavefunctions is driven by chiral steric effects, and it diminished the Coulomb attraction between the interfacial electron–hole pairs, which enhanced the efficient charge generation. This study provides valuable insights into the role of chirality in optimizing both the performance and stability of OSCs.
Multicolor and Hydrochromic Luminescence of Alloyed Cs2CdCl4 for Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Wang Chao , Yan Zhengguang , Ma Lin , Xiao Jiawen
Published: December 2024

Advanced optical information encryption usually relies on the integration of multicolor, stimulus‐responsive, and afterglow luminescence. However, achieving these simultaneously within a single‐phase system has posed challenges, complicating the design process. In this study, an advanced 3D information encryption strategy is presented based on undoped and alloyed Cs₂CdCl₄, encrypted through three distinct channels: emission wavelength, water stimulation, and afterglow time. Specifically, Mn2+, Sb3+, and Ag+ doped Cs₂CdCl₄ single crystals are successfully synthesized via a modified hydrothermal method, which exhibit bright orange, green, and blue emissions, respectively. Decryption of specific information can be achieved by employing corresponding narrowband filters. Furthermore, the Cs₂CdCl₄ system demonstrates hydrochromism, attributed to water‐induced sequential phase transitions. Upon water treatment, the 2D Cs₂CdCl₄ will undergo a phase transition to Cs3Cd2Cl7, and finally to cubic CsCdCl3. Interestingly, the resultant CsCdCl3 exhibits pronounced afterglow, originating from the triplet emission of Cd ions. Leveraging these unique properties, a highly secure and adjustable 3D encrypted quick response code is designed. The encrypted information is encoded in coordinates, and decrypted information can be retrieved in both compressed and decompressed modes as required. These findings pave the way for the development of novel smart photonic materials and multimodal optical information encryption.
Lattice Stabilized and Emission Tunable Pure‐Bromide Quasi‐2D Perovskite for Air‐Processed Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Yang Penghui , Dong Fan , Li Huixin , Gao Jialiang , Cheng Zeyi , Wu Jiandong , Xu Yadong , Wang Hongyue , Wang Hongqiang
Published: December 2024

Realizing air‐processed blue halide perovskite films with tailored emission is significant for promoting the commercialization of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the intrinsically inferior thermodynamic stability and laborious crystallization kinetics control under humidity interference limit the fabrication of blue perovskite emitters in ambient air. Here, air‐processed pure‐bromide quasi‐2D blue perovskite films are achieved with stabilized lattice and tunable emission by interstitial doping of trivalent metallic cations. This strategy improves the formation energy of the perovskite lattice, promotes energy transfer between different n phases, and suppresses intrinsic electron‐phonon coupling in the perovskite films. The emission‐controllable blue PeLEDs are fabricated in ambient air for the first time. The champion deep blue PeLED shows maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.05% and luminance of 246.56 cd m−2, which are comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art of similar devices fabricated in glovebox. The work pioneers a simple method of electronic structure engineering to tune the emission of air‐processed blue perovskite, breaking the limitations of thermodynamic stability and crystallization kinetics control of perovskite in ambient air.
Real consumer food prices and child mortality: Evidence from low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Usman Muhammed A. , Mekonnen Daniel A. , Kornher Lukas , von Braun Joachim
Published: December 2024

This paper estimates the effect of short‐term changes in real consumer food prices on short‐term fluctuations in neonatal, infant, and child mortality rates using a panel dataset covering 59 low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) for the period 2000–2015. Quarterly mortality rates were constructed from over 145 rounds of the standard Demographic and Health Surveys allowing to identify short‐term (<1 year) effects of food price shocks. The results indicate that rising real food prices had a large and significant effect on neonatal, infant, and child mortalities, regardless of the type of country‐specific time trends chosen.
Vitamin B5 Monotherapy Improves Symptoms in a 7‐Year‐Old Girl With TANGO2 Deficiency Disorder
Authors: Li Hua , Xu Zheng , Guo Jing , Zhang Peiqi , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Liming
Published: December 2024

TANGO2 deficiency disorder is often underdiagnosed and lacks an optimal treatment strategy. A 7‐year‐old Chinese girl presented with epilepsy, developmental delay, neuroregression, and episodes of dyskinesia. Additionally, she lapsed into a comatose state following her the last generalized tonic–clonic seizure. Trio whole‐exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants of the TANGO2 gene. Eventually, her clinical signs and symptoms significantly improved following treatment with vitamin B5. TANGO2 deficiency disorder is a severe neurodegenerative condition that can be diagnosed via trio whole‐exome sequencing. This report highlights the potential therapeutic effects of vitamin B5 against this disease and suggests that high‐dose vitamin B5 administration may be safe for the treatment of TANGO2 deficiency disorder.
The Natural History of Dermatosparaxis Ehlers Danlos Syndrome: An Adult Case Series
Authors: Angwin C. , Byers P. , Dulfer E. , Ghali N. , Harris Juliette , Hausser I. , McElroy Abigail , Sobey G. , van Dijk F. S.
Published: December 2024

Dermatosparaxis Ehlers Danlos syndrome (dEDS) is a very rare monogenic EDS that occurs due to biallelic pathogenic variants in ADAMTS2. Fifteen individuals with dEDS have been reported in the literature, with the oldest being 19 years at follow‐up. Given the lack of information regarding adults with dEDS, our aim was to describe adults with dEDS to inform management recommendations in adulthood. We report five individuals (2:3 male:female) with an age range of 22–42 years. Complications include extreme skin fragility resulting in iatrogenic injury, redundant skin folds often requiring surgical resection, severe complications following a gastric volvulus secondary to a diaphragmatic hernia, and multiple fractures. Discussion of management considerations includes thorough investigations of acute pain, careful consideration of skin closure techniques and manual handling, as well as monitoring for reduced bone mineral density after low‐impact fracture and/or post‐menopause.
A Pilot Study to Assess the Impact of a Multifactorial Explanation for Mental Illness on Prejudicial Attitudes Towards People With Mental Illness
Authors: Segall Hailey A. , Dick Danielle M. , Aeilts Amber M. , Shoben Abigail B. , Allain Dawn C. , Austin Jehannine C.
Published: December 2024

Public stigma and prejudice toward people with psychiatric conditions is highly prevalent and damaging. Explanations for the origins of mental illness can influence attitudes toward people with these conditions. To date, studies exploring the effects of explanations for the origins of mental illness have focused on genetic or environmental explanations, and the impact of evidence‐based multifactorial explanations for psychiatric illness on public attitudes remains unknown. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk to watch a 4‐min video about the “mental illness jar model”—an evidence‐based analogy that explains the complex interactions between genes and environment in the development of mental illness. Participants provided demographic information and completed questions regarding knowledge about the causes of mental illness, and the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale both before and after watching the video. A total of 106 eligible participants completed the study. Watching the video had no significant effect on participants' knowledge about the causes of mental illness (p = 0.06), but there was a significant decrease in prejudicial attitudes toward mental illness (p = 0.0003), the effect size was small (−0.15). The use of this brief video (available at cogastudy.org) is a promising tool to decrease prejudicial attitudes toward mental illness that warrants further study.
Clinical value of novel blood‐based tau biomarkers in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Bentivenga Giuseppe Mario , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Baiardi Simone , Kirsebom Bjørn‐Eivind , Mastrangelo Andrea , Mammana Angela , Capellari Sabina , Fladby Tormod , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Parchi Piero
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The diagnostic and prognostic performance of the novel fluid biomarkers brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) and phospho‐tau217 (p‐tau217) in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is not defined.

METHODS

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma BD‐tau, p‐tau217, p‐tau181, total tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), and 14‐3‐3 in 100 CJD patients, 100 with non‐prion rapidly progressive dementia (np‐RPD), 92 with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD‐MCI), and 55 healthy controls (HC).

RESULTS

Plasma BD‐tau performed comparably to plasma t‐tau but had lower performance than CSF t‐tau (p < 0.001) and 14‐3‐3 (p = 0.014) in CJD versus np‐RPD differential diagnosis. Plasma BD‐tau diagnostic accuracy increased when ratioed to plasma p‐tau217, matching CSF 14‐3‐3. Plasma BD‐tau levels were associated with survival (p < 0.001), outperforming t‐tau and NfL.

DISCUSSION

Plasma BD‐tau is a valuable marker for CJD prognostication. In the clinical setting, the plasma BD‐tau/p‐tau217 ratio provides an accurate, fast marker supporting the clinical diagnosis of CJD.

Highlights

The increase of plasma BD‐tau levels parallels that of CSF t‐tau in CJD.

CSF p‐tau217 levels are significantly increased in CJD, reflecting a prion‐specific secondary tauopathy.

Plasma p‐tau217 shows a distinct profile than CSF p‐tau217 in CJD.

Plasma BD‐tau/p‐tau217 ratio is as accurate as CSF 14‐3‐3 in distinguishing CJD from np‐RPDs, including AD.

BD‐tau represents a valuable blood‐based biomarker for CJD prognostication.
An Isolable Base‐Stabilized Diazosilenyl Cation
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Rodríguez‐Álvarez Aurora , Baceiredo Antoine , Lavedan Pierre , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2024

In contrast to the emerging chemistry of stable diazoalkenes, there are not yet any studies devoted to heavier silicon analogues, diazosilenes. Here, we report the synthesis of a base‐stabilized diazosilenyl cation 2 by the reaction of base‐stabilized C‐phosphonio‐silyne 1 with N2O. This silicon analog of diazoalkenes 2 exhibits a remarkable stability thanks to the coordination of phosphine and phosphine oxide ligands at the cationic silicon center. In addition, DFT calculations predict that, due to a particular stabilizing effect of the electropositive silicon atom, for diazosilenes (R2Si=C=N2), the presence of π‐donor substituents is not essential to prevent N2 dissociation, contrary to carbon analogues. Interestingly, diazosilenyl cation 2 tends to isomerize into (silylene)(phosphonio)diazomethane 7 via a 1,2‐phosphine ligand migration and thus exhibits dual reactivity as a diazoalkene and as a diazo‐substituted silylene.
Stereoselective P(III)‐Glycosylation for the Preparation of Phosphinated Sugars
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chen Xian‐Xiao , Li Zi‐Han , Lin Guo‐Qiang , He Zhi‐Tao
Published: December 2024

Most of the reported work focus on the development of O‐, N‐, C‐ and S‐glycosylation methods. However, no study explores P(III)‐glycosylation reaction. Herein we describe a convenient protocol to realize P(III)‐glycosylation process. A simple β‐phosphino ester is adopted as P(III)‐transfer reagent for this new type of glycosylation via a nucleophilic substitution and release strategy. Diverse phosphine units are introduced to the anomeric center of various sugars efficiently and with excellent stereoselectivity. The value of this method is showcased by the prepared P(III)‐sugars as novel linkers in bioactive molecule conjugation, new chiral ligands in metal‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions and organocatalysts. Preliminary mechanistic studies corroborated the designed P(III)‐transfer process.