bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unpublished Manuscript of Hugo Grotius: ‘On Public Partnership with Unbelievers’ (De societate publica cum infidelibus): Introduction, Transcription and English Translation
Authors: Burgersdijk Diederik , Nellen Henk , de Wilde Marc
Published: October 2024

This introduction presents an analysis of Grotius’s treatise ‘On Public Partnership with Unbelievers’ (De societate publica cum infidelibus). It was probably written between 1606 and 1609, when Grotius served as a legal advisor of the Dutch East India Company (voc). In his treatise, Grotius explains what kinds of partnerships with non-Christians are permissible under divine and natural law. These include public partnerships, such as treaties and military alliances, but also private associations, such as commercial contracts, marriages and relations of servitude. As we argue in this introduction, De societate can be interpreted as a general treatise on legal partnerships with non-Christians, which relates both to the voc’s policies of treaty and alliance-making in the East Indies and to debates about the legal status of religious minorities in the Dutch Republic.
Unraveling the Impacts of Submesoscale Thermal and Current Feedbacks on the Low-Level Winds and Oceanic Submesoscale Currents
Authors: Renault Lionel , Contreras Marcela , Marchesiello Patrick , Conejero Carlos , Uchoa Igor , Wenegrat Jacob
Published: October 2024

In this study, high-resolution coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations are performed over the Gulf Stream to investigate the influence of submesoscale [O(10) km] thermal feedback (TFB) and current feedback (CFB) on the low-level atmosphere and the oceanic submesoscale kinetic energy (SKE). At the submesoscale, TFB and CFB exhibit constructive and destructive effects on wind and surface stress, making this a more complex problem than for the mesoscale [O(100) km]. This coinfluence alters classical coupling coefficients, posing a challenge to isolate individual coupling mechanisms. Here, the feedbacks are isolated separately by removing their imprint on the air–sea coupling fields in dedicated simulations. Both submesoscale TFB and CFB lead to a damping of the SKE. CFB causes eddy killing by drag friction between currents and the atmosphere. However, while eddy killing should be more efficient than its mesoscale counterpart due to a weaker wind response (less re-energization), its effect is hampered by an energization from TFB and by the highly transient nature of submesoscale flow, resulting in a modest 10% reduction in SKE. TFB also contributes to a reduction of SKE, mainly by causing a potential energy sink, associated with turbulent heat fluxes, especially at scales < 10 km. The potential energy sink affects SKE through a decrease of baroclinic energy conversion although this is slightly modulated by an increase in Ekman pumping by submesoscale CFB. Our results emphasize the importance of considering both TFB and CFB at the submesoscale and highlight the limitations of mesoscale CFB parameterizations for submesoscale applications. Future parameterizations should be scale-aware and account for both TFB and CFB effects on momentum and heat fluxes.
Conceptualizing Teachers Unions as Organizations Leading for Equity
Authors: Rajendran Aditi
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Teachers unions in the United States are increasingly taking up issues of equity and justice. While there is a growing and robust body of scholarship on leading for equity, unions are rarely included as sources of education leadership. This creates an opportunity to not only consider unions in these equity efforts, but also re-shape our understandings of the shifting purposes and priorities of unions themselves. Methods: This paper synthesizes the literature to argue for the conceptualization of teachers unions as consequential sites of equity-focused leadership. Drawing from a larger year-long qualitative case study of a social-justice minded teachers union, I illustrate how a union may infrastructure towards equity by highlighting key mechanisms by which they lead. Findings & Implications: Through the creation of a union-based equity center and leveraging the collective bargaining agreement, this teachers union was able to implement formal structures to prioritize racial equity, educator agency, and autonomy. Unions are making strides to lead for equity and should be examined as a form of district leadership. Investigating these new contexts expands our conceptualizations of leadership and opens new possibilities for systemic change.
The trajectory of substance use disorder among people formerly in foster care: A survival analysis
Authors: Olamazadeh Sogol , Hassan Ahmed N , Le Foll Bernard
Published: October 2024

Background:

Substance use disorder (SUD) represents a significant public health challenge, especially among individuals who have faced early life adversities. Foster care aims to provide a supportive environment for children; however, the relationship between a history of foster care and SUD development remains unclear.

Aims:

This study aims to examine the likelihood of developing SUD among individuals with a history of foster care, who have used substances during their lifetime, compared to those raised by biological parents.

Method:

Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), we analyzed the prevalence of social demographics and clinical variables among individuals who have used alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis. We calculated the probabilities of developing SUD for each factor, including exposure to foster care. Various covariates that could impact SUD occurrence were also assessed. The duration from initial substance use to SUD onset was calculated for both groups. Survival analysis curves were generated for each substance to depict the probability of SUD development over time.

Results:

Our analysis revealed that foster care may act as a protective factor against Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), with a hazard ratio of 0.25 (95% CI [0.07, 0.88]). No significant associations were found with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Nicotine Use Disorder (NUD). Both foster and non-foster care groups exhibited higher probabilities of developing NUD compared to the general population. For cannabis users, the probability of developing CUD stabilizes after approximately 10 years. Family history of SUD and clinical predictors such as mood disorders consistently showed significant associations across all substance groups, highlighting their importance in SUD development.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that foster care may offer some protective benefits, particularly against CUD, emphasizing the need for further research into its protective factors and the development of targeted interventions to reduce SUD prevalence in this population.
Rooted in Family, Exploring the World: The Integrated Identities of Advantaged Guatemalan Adolescents
Authors: Gibbons Judith L. , Niklaus Ashleigh B. , Serverian-Wilmeth Kathleen
Published: October 2024

Adolescents in today’s globalized world construct their identities within complex and intersecting ecologies. In majority world countries, such as Guatemala, adolescents are exposed to external influences through international media, travel, and visitors from other cultures. In this study, 131 middle and high school adolescents (53% girls, Mage = 14.5, range = 11–19) attending a bilingual school in Guatemala completed two quantitative measures (concerning local and remote acculturation and identity domain importance) and two qualitative measures (open-ended responses to the prompt “I am” and an autophotography exercise). The quantitative results showed that cultural affiliation with Guatemala was associated with a collective identity. Qualitative findings provided a deep and complex view of identity in the context of collectivism and global influences. In response to the prompt “I am,” adolescents described themselves as profoundly social, embedded in networks of nuclear and extended family and friends. They reported personal qualities that foster and maintain social bonds, including friendliness, kindness, sincerity, and a sense of humor. Reflexive thematic analysis of the text from the autophotography activity revealed participants’ interdependent self-construals and their developmental model of growth strategies and aspirations. Integration of traditional and global influences was creative and seamless for these adolescents who saw themselves as firmly embedded in family, Guatemala and its culture, while confidently growing and exploring the world. A mixed-methods approach can provide complementary findings that are more meaningful and expansive than either quantitative or qualitative methods alone.
Patterns of Adolescent Peer Affiliation among Youth At-Risk of Maltreatment
Authors: Yoon Dalhee , Benavides Juan , Park Jiho , Wint Keisha M. , Osei Frank Okyere , Yoon Susan
Published: October 2024

This study examined patterns of peer affiliations and their associations with child maltreatment, substance use, and future expectations. This study focused on 844 adolescents from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. We identified four distinct peer-affiliation patterns: (1) no affiliation with peers who engage in either prosocial or deviant behaviors; (2) affiliation with peers using substances; (3) affiliation with peers who engage in severe deviant behaviors; and (4) affiliation with peers who engage in prosocial behaviors. Youth with sexual abuse experiences were more likely to be affiliated with peers who engage in severe deviant or prosocial behaviors. We also found different substance use and future expectations depending on peer affiliations. This study highlights the importance of examining both prosocial and deviant peer affiliations.
Our grief matters – loss, grief, and mourning in Black vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents
Authors: Patel Ruby
Published: October 2024

Within the South African context, psychoanalysis as praxis and research has not located itself outside of the country’s long, violent, and oppressive socio-political past. A major area in which psychoanalysis continues to demonstrate a deficit is in its lack of attention to race as constitutive of psychological development and a site of intense psychological pain. A further area that is often overlooked in both the theory and praxis of psychoanalysis in South Africa is the diseased body as a site of socio-political violence and oppression, and the subsequent impact of this trauma on intrapsychic development. This situation is particularly applicable in the development of Black children who are vertically infected with HIV. The focus of this article, the fourth in a series of five articles, is on the process of grief and mourning in three vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents. Findings indicate that children who are vertically infected with HIV suffer multiple losses leaving them with intense unprocessed grief despite having access to individual therapy. In addition, their raced subjectivities add to experiences of non-being leading to grief which remains minimised and overlooked within the psychoanalytic canon, keeping the mourning process hidden in historically oppressive systems as melancholia.
The sounds of children: The child placed by Jesus in the midst of the disciples in dialog with Christian development
Authors: Chronic David
Published: October 2024

Much good development work has been done by Christians, especially in response to children. Yet, much of Christian development is done with little theological reflection. Without theological reflection, activism can be carried by its own momentum, which may be informed more by secular models of development that do not necessarily cohere with the Christian faith. In this article, I reflect theologically on Christian development by looking at it through a particular pericope presented in Matthew 18: Jesus places a child in the midst of the disciples. I focus specifically on three actions: placing a child in the midst, turning and becoming, and receiving. I relate these actions to Christian development, change, and power. I contend this text calls us to attend to the ‘sound of children’ and to be interrupted by the child placed by Jesus in our midst who poses fundamental challenges to dominant approaches of evangelical Christian development. Christian conceptions of development need to be reimagined through the child who Jesus names as ‘great’. Instead of presuming that our development work is building God’s kingdom, we view ourselves as seekers who enter in by attending to those who are invisible and marginalized. Rather than placing the burden of change on the shoulders of the excluded, Jesus invites those competing for power to change. Development work can be conceived as becoming like a child: humble, vulnerable, and dependent. Instead of simply doing for the child, development work takes the posture of receiving. Acts of hospitality involve the mutually shaping of child and development worker. Furthermore, instead of serving those in need of development in the name of Christ, Christian workers are invited to encounter Christ through those who are on the margins. Development practitioners are encountering Christ, being discipled, and being changed through those they are called to receive.
Do sunk costs nip worker-owned firms in the bud?
Authors: Mirabel Thibault
Published: October 2024

In this article the author analyzes the interaction effect of the sunk cost of physical capital and of human capital on the entry of worker-owned firms (WOFs) and conventional firms (CFs). The author estimates a logit model and uses a comprehensive dataset of new French firms in manufacturing sectors with proxies of sunk costs defined at the sector level. The results show that the likelihood of WOF entry is the highest when the sunk cost of human capital is dominant while the sunk cost of physical capital is negligible, as predicted by Kazuhiko Mikami and Satoru Tanaka in their 2010 article. The interaction effect between the types of sunk costs is stronger for worker buyouts than for newly created WOFs. These results are robust to different estimation methods and to endogeneity concerns. These results contribute to the general understanding of the rarity of WOFs in manufacturing sectors and are relevant to policy initiatives supporting cooperative modes of firm organization.
Loneliness Gets Under the Skin: A Scoping Review Exploring the Link Between Loneliness and Biological Measures of Inflammation
Authors: Kim Bohyun , Weibel Maria , McDaniel Jodi
Published: October 2024

Background:

Research suggests that systemic inflammation may link loneliness to adverse health outcomes, yet there is a gap in comprehensively reviewing recent evidence on the relationship between loneliness and biological measures of inflammation in adults. This scoping review synthesizes current research to address the question: Is there a definitive link between loneliness and biological markers of inflammation in adults?

Methods:

Following the methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley, we developed a protocol, defined our research question, and systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus for English-language studies conducted from 2018 to 2023 exploring the relationship between loneliness and biomarkers of inflammation in adults.

Results:

Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria displayed heterogeneity in terms of sample characteristics, loneliness scales, and inflammatory biomarkers. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, in various forms, emerged as the predominant tool for measuring loneliness, while C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were the most frequently evaluated inflammatory biomarkers. Notably, all 12 studies reported an association between loneliness and at least 1 biological marker of inflammation.

Conclusion:

Research consistently associates loneliness with poor health outcomes in aging adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This scoping review suggests that inflammation may serve as a pathway linking loneliness to adverse health outcomes. However, the variability across studies highlights the need for standardized measurement methods and a consideration of both the duration and extent of loneliness. Enhancing our understanding of how loneliness affects systemic inflammation may help clarify why loneliness is associated with negative health outcomes.
Buildings as Batteries
Authors: Lopez Alejandro , Bunn Derek
Published: October 2024

Aggregators are increasingly using portfolios of various end-user resources such as local renewable generation, batteries, EVs, and demand-side management to participate in the electricity markets as virtual power plants. Whilst the smart control of energy within buildings is well established for cost optimization, the prospect of an aggregator collaborating with the energy managers of buildings to trade electricity in the wholesale markets is under researched. This paper uses a state-of-the-art architectural simulator to model the thermal inertia of a typical high-rise building in London and represent the thermodynamics of its hourly occupancy and weather responses. The building is simulated as a virtual battery by manipulating the HVAC settings. Price arbitrage on the electricity wholesale market and contracting with the local distribution network for flexible reserve services are both feasible and profitable. It is concluded that aggregators can apparently use buildings as additional assets within their trading portfolios.

JEL Classification: L85 and L94.
Rooftop Solar PV, Coal Plant Inflexibility and the Minimum Load Problem
Authors: Simshauser Paul , Wild Phillip
Published: October 2024

Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM) has amongst the highest take-up rates of rooftop solar PV in the world. As with California, this has produced a distinctive load shape termed the “duck curve.” The Queensland version is being principally driven by non-scheduled (i.e., uncontrolled) rooftop solar PV. When combined with inflexible coal plant, it leads to a “minimum load problem.” In this article, we examine the feasibility of dispatch with ever-expanding rooftop solar PV resources in the NEM’s Queensland region and minimal demand elasticity. We find episodes of intractable dispatch throughout the year with rising intensity in the winter and spring months. Furthermore, we find no ability to “export your way out of the problem” via larger interstate interconnectors because the same problem is emerging in the adjacent region at the same time. Resolution ultimately requires inflexible coal plant exit, and entry of flexible plant.

JEL Classification: D25, D80, G32, L51, Q41
Information as public good and public service media in Europe: Introduction to this special issue
Authors: Petre Raluca
Published: October 2024

The right to public life has been one of the most important achievements of modernity. It was a result of long and painful civil struggles for dignity in a democratic public sphere. While de jure we are all welcome in the public sphere, de facto rapid processes of fragmentation and numerous contexts of misinformation insulate the actual chances of meaningful contribution to public life. Platform users are aggressively approached as consumers of goods and services and continuously stimulated to produce large quantities of any content, just to feed the voracious platforms. The sobering truth is that many people on the private high-tech platforms do not act like true democrats, but like private individuals who pursue very personal aims. At the same time, a private person does not have a mandate to act in the public interest of the rest of the citizens. For these reasons, we turn to information as a public good and public responsibility in this special issue. It is about media as a public service that allows democracy to keep centre stage within a polity. When citizens interact with relevant public information, they build the capacity to control their political environment, to form informed opinions and act upon them. When this basic desideratum is not structurally at the core of society, one cannot even start to consider democracy as the first course of action for the generations to come. Information as a public good is not a thing of nature, but a purposeful action. We take this stance when we approach information as a public good, rather than some residual category of market failure. The scope of this special issue is to analyse and explore the resources and institutional settings that allow information to thrive as a public good in the European contemporary informational ecosystem.
Challenges library and information science (LIS) postgraduate students encounter in research topic selection
Authors: Elia Emmanuel F , Ndenje-Sichalwe Esther
Published: October 2024

This study examines research topic selection among LIS postgraduate students in Tanzania. A quantitative approach was used to collect the data, and purposive sampling was used to recruit a total of 105 respondents. Key findings showed that research topic selection is influenced by how extensively the topic has been researched, postgraduates’ personal interests and whether the topic has been previously researched by a student. Insufficient research knowledge, little global LIS research exposure and insufficient supervisory leading roles affect research topic selection. Findings showed male and doctorate postgraduate students face more challenges in LIS research topic selection. The study concludes that LIS postgraduates’ research topic selection is challenging due to insufficient research methodology training and foundations. The study suggests research methodology training for supervisors and students, revising LIS curricula and appropriate research guidance to LIS postgraduates would be important in addressing the challenges found. The study also recommends the establishment of an LIS national repository centre with research content accessible to all students.
Assessing Patient Feedback on the Feasibility of the YourRx Telepharmacy Mobile Application
Authors: Misola Christine Veronica , Oreta Zoe Nicolette Beatrice , Lal Radha Kaur , Balt Maan , Resuello Danica , Miranda Kevin Jace , Carandang Rogie Royce
Published: October 2024

Background: Telepharmacy is a method utilized in pharmacy practice that delivers pharmaceutical care services via telecommunication technology. In the Philippines, the current process for patients to avail of telepharmacy services utilizes a variety of existing applications or websites instead of a single application. Objectives: This study aimed to assess patient feedback on the feasibility of the newly developed telepharmacy mobile application, YourRx. Specifically, it evaluated the application’s functionality, usability, security, and performance. Methods: The study had 3 phases: (1) the design and development phase, (2) the implementation phase, wherein the pharmacists and patients were oriented beforehand with the use of YourRx mobile application, and (3) the evaluation phase, where the mobile application was evaluated for its functionality, usability, security, and performance by the patients through the use of a survey questionnaire and an interview. Results: YourRx application was developed and evaluated successfully. It is available for Android users and has primary features, including video calls, sharing, and setting an appointment. A total of 46 patients used the YourRx. Most of the patients were very satisfied with the navigation, service acquisition, and overall design of the YourRx. They expressed convenience in acquiring telepharmacy services because the application was easy to understand, use, and navigate. Conclusion: YourRx is a pioneering telepharmacy mobile application in the Philippines. The results of this study substantiate that YourRx is a user-friendly platform that provides patients convenient access to telepharmacy services with less time and effort thus improving patient health outcomes.
Supersizing the Impact of Unions in Downsizing Processes: A Configurational Approach Based on 19 Cases in France
Authors: Pasquier Vincent , Bourguignon Rémi , Schmidt Géraldine
Published: October 2024

This article explores how unions can influence employer decisions to downsize – a longstanding question that has been addressed through three waves of research. Although the literature has successively identified three types of factors that influence managerial decisions to downsize, it has not fully addressed the interactions of these factors, leading to inconsistencies. This article builds on and refines the existing work through a configurational approach which qualitatively evidences six downsizing configurations through a uniquely large number of cases ( n = 19). This research sheds new light on how factors combine to enhance union influence by theorizing four types of chemical-like factor interactions: catalysing, inhibiting, synthesizing and decomposing. By highlighting this interactive chemistry, this configurational approach revisits longstanding academic debates about the context–union strategy fit and the relative efficacy of union responses. From a practical perspective, it encourages unions to reject the idea that there is a single, optimal strategy for addressing downsizing.
Exploring Perceptions of Communication among Culturally Diverse Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Theron Liesel , Shopo Khumoetsile Daphney , Ngami Olivia
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Cultural diversity among nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia poses problems in communication management to ensure optimal patient care. This study explored and described the perceptions of communication among nurses in a culturally diverse workforce.

Methodology:

A qualitative approach was used; a sample of seventeen (n=17) nurses was purposively selected. Data obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six steps of thematic qualitative analysis.

Results:

Key themes were (1) nurses’ perceptions of communication in a culturally diverse workforce, (2) barriers to communication in a culturally diverse workforce, and (3) facilitators of effective communication in a culturally diverse workforce.

Discussion:

Nurses have recognized the importance of communicating in a culturally diverse environment to provide optimal care. Strategies such as cultural competence training, open communication forums, and mentorship programs are recommended to improve cross-cultural understanding and collaboration in care teams.
How can Artificial Intelligence Teammates Know What Humans Want? Using Eye-Tracking Data to Infer Human Preferences in Game-Theoretic Decision Tasks
Authors: Baber Chris , Acharya Aditya , Howes Andrew , Cassenti Daniel , Yu Alfred
Published: October 2024

For human-agent teams, it is as important for agents to have models of their human teammates as it is for humans to have models of their agent teammates. However, approaches to knowledge elicitation have wrestled with the problem of capturing human knowledge when much of it is tacit and difficult to verbalize. By observing the choices that people make under different conditions we can infer the choice structure they appear to be following. In this way, observations could allow the agent to predict its human team-mates’ choices and actions. We report an experiment in which eye-tracking is used to capture choices in a constrained task and then develop a decision model that can replicate aspects of these choices. We propose that such a model can support human-agent teams by enabling inferences of some aspects of human decision-making.
Early-stage Testing of Thermal Power Dispatch Simulator for Subjective Mental Workload and Evolution Time
Authors: Gideon Olugbenga , Lew Roger , Barton Benjamin , Dubois Zeth , Ulrich Thomas A.
Published: October 2024

The excess thermal energy produced by nuclear power plants (NPPs) during low electricity demands can be utilized in industrial processes, such as hydrogen production, through a thermal power dispatch (TPD) system. Initial testing of the first iteration of a single-train TPD design with a manual control mode at the Idaho National Lab (INL) revealed a high operator workload and degraded control capability. The current study evaluated the impact of an enhanced dual-train TPD design on operators’ subjective mental workload and evolution task-time while completing two operating scenarios in manual and automatic control modes. The results showed no statistically significant difference between participants’ mental workload using both control modes. Evolution time in automatic control mode took a shorter time than in manual control, with participants completing all evolutions in less than the 10-min set as the design specification limit. The shorter evolution time is discussed within the context of plant safety and operational efficiency.
Influence of cork-rubber gasket on the circular propagation of train-induced vibration waves in high-speed railway shield tunnels
Authors: Liu Yifan , Jin Hao , Tang Shilong , Jiang Bolong
Published: October 2024

Shield tunnels are constructed by assembling segment, and this construction method will produce a large number of joints. As the component with the largest contact area in the joints of the shield tunnel, the cork-rubber gasket has a significant effect on the transmission of train-induced vibration waves between the segments. In order to study the influence of cork-rubber gasket on the transmission of train-induced vibration waves in the circumferential direction, based on the hammering test of high-speed railway shield tunnel, a dynamic calculation model for high-speed railway shield tunnel was constructed, and the influence of elasticity modulus of cork-rubber gasket on the propagation of train-induced vibration waves was investigated. The results show that: (1) the longitudinal joints of high-speed railway shield tunnels can weaken high-frequency vibration waves more than low-frequency vibration waves; (2) the lower the modulus of elasticity of cork-rubber gasket is, the greater the attenuation of the peak of the temporal range of vibration acceleration of train-induced vibration waves after they pass through the longitudinal joints; (3) compared with the cork-rubber gasket of high elasticity, the cork-rubber gasket with low elasticity can improve the damping effect of the longitudinal joints on low-frequency bands (0–500 Hz) effectively. This research offers new methodologies for optimising vibration isolation in shield tunnels and contributes to the advancement of tunnel design for high-speed rail systems.
Exploring the benefits of hydrogen-water injection technology in internal combustion engines: A rigorous experimental study
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Biswal Abinash , Wang Xinyan , Zhao Hua , Harington Anthony , Hall Jonathan , Peckham Mark
Published: October 2024

Previous hydrogen researchers have demonstrated the great potential of hydrogen as a zero-carbon fuel and its wider operational ability to directly replace the existing fossil-fuelled internal combustion engines (ICE). Hydrogen direct-injection technology can operate at stoichiometric combustion conditions, fully eliminating the intake backfire phenomena, which has the benefit of low airflow requirements and is a suitable solution for naturally aspirated ICE platforms. However, significant challenges must be addressed when operating an H2 ICE at or near stoichiometric. These include rapid pressure rise rate, high in-cylinder gas pressure and temperature and the consequential higher engine-out NOx emissions. This study provides a comprehensive experimental analysis of the effect of water injection on a light-duty H2 engine’s performance, efficiency, burn durations and NOx emission. The engine was modified to operate with hydrogen via a centrally-mounted direct H2 injector and an intake port-mounted water injection system. The study included water vapour measurements, NOx concentrations and other exhaust gases. The practical implications of these findings are significant. The results demonstrated that the NOx emissions were reduced by 79% when the water was injected at a rate of 5 kg/h at 10 bar IMEP and 2000 rpm. This reduction in emissions, coupled with the observed decrease in cylinder pressure and the rate of pressure rise, could substantially improve engine performance and efficiency. At higher load regions, the water injection extended the maximum engine load to 24 bar IMEP and increased the engine torque output by 10%. The maximum Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ITE) increased from 41% at 16.5 bar IMEP to 42.5% at 18 bar IMEP at a lower lambda, with a corresponding reduction in the intake-air-boost pressure requirement. Of particular note, the use of water injection decreased the engine-out NOx emissions under high-load conditions by more than 55%, even at richer AFR compared to pure hydrogen operation.
Static Stability of Elbow Interposition Arthroplasty Stabilized With Novel Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Jeffrey S. , Beckwitt Colin H. , Robertson Emerald D. , Bosetti Alexandria A. , Baratz Mark E. , Kaufmann Robert A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Outcomes of interposition arthroplasty for treatment of elbow arthritis are highly dependent on elbow stability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interposition arthroplasty with a novel bidirectional ligament reconstruction technique could adequately restore the static stability of the native elbow.

Methods:

Static varus and valgus elbow stability was tested in 7 cadaver elbows with intact ligaments and capsule at 5 flexion angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°). At each angle, the distance between fixed reference points across the elbow was measured both medially and laterally. The elbows were then destabilized and an interposition arthroplasty with ligament reconstruction was performed. Static elbow stability was reassessed by comparing postoperative deflection measurements with those of the native state. Graft slippage or loosening was visually assessed following testing.

Results:

Interposition arthroplasty was performed in 7 cadaver specimens. Following ligament reconstruction, specimens reproduced the flexion angle-dependent static stability of native elbows to both varus and valgus stress. The greatest deflection changes between native elbows and elbows after interposition arthroplasty were 2.7% ( P = .13) medially and 2.3% ( P = .42) laterally, which were not significant. There was no loosening or slippage of either the interposition graft or the ligament reconstruction grafts.

Conclusions:

Cadaveric elbow specimens underwent interposition arthroplasty with a novel technique for bidirectional ligament reconstruction. Static stability was maintained at varying degrees of elbow flexion, comparable to that of the native elbow. Interposition and ligament reconstruction grafts maintained secure fixation following static biomechanical testing.
“They helped me stand on my own two feet”: Canadian parents with intellectual disabilities in child protection
Authors: Tahir Munazza , Cobigo Virginie
Published: October 2024

Research on the lived experience of Canadian parents with intellectual disabilities involved in child protection is limited, particularly inclusive research with parents with intellectual disabilities involved in Canada’s changing child protection system. This inclusive study was done in collaboration with a co-researcher with intellectual disabilities who had lived experience as a parent. 13 parents from three Canadian regions participated in semistructured interviews about their involvement in child protection. Four major themes emerged in the findings: 1) key supports that contributed to positive outcomes; 2) parents’ attitudes toward child protection agencies and perceived attitudes about themselves; 3) systemic barriers impacting accessibility and the child protection experience; and 4) parents’ advice to other parents and professionals in child protection. This study provides a promising picture of child protection agencies as a key support despite existing barriers. Implications for social service providers are offered and areas for further exploration are discussed.
Menstrual health under the scientific microscope: Text mining analysis
Authors: Gouvernet Brice , Brisson Julie
Published: October 2024

Menstrual health represents an interdisciplinary concern that necessitates a broad, integrated understanding beyond its biological foundations, encompassing social, psychological, and cultural dimensions. This study examines whether the corpus of scientific literature from 1970 to 2023 aligns with this holistic perspective by exploring the evolving paradigms within menstrual health. Grounded in Kuhn’s theoretical framework, the research delves into thematic shifts, author collaborations, and international partnerships that have emerged over the decades. Utilizing advanced text-mining methodologies, we analyzed a dataset of 34,854 documents obtained from Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science and PubMed in September 2023. These documents were processed through deduplication and data cleaning to ensure accuracy. The study employs a combination of univariate analyses, correspondence factor analyses, hierarchical cluster analyses, and network analyses to uncover insights into thematic evolution and collaborative dynamics within menstrual health research. Thematic analysis reveals three distinct periods in menstrual health research, depicting evolving paradigms. In the first period (1970–1996), the focus was on reproductive health, infertility treatments, hormonal regulation, and epidemiology. The second period (1997–2017) witnesses a transition, emphasizing menstrual health and social inequalities, gynecological studies, and contraception. The third period (2018–2023) maintains a focus on contraception and reproductive health but introduces a pronounced psychological dimension, emphasizing menstrual disorders, gynecological surgery, and socioeconomic concerns. Collaboration analysis indicates increased connectivity, consolidation of researcher communities, and a shift toward interdisciplinary approaches. While international collaborations demonstrate global commitment, geographical concentration prompts questions about paradigm universality. The study shows the existence and evolution of the menstrual health paradigm. Findings suggest a trajectory toward paradigmatic inscription, marked by heightened collaboration and global commitment. Acknowledging the pivotal role of biological aspects, the study underscores the need for a balanced, holistic understanding of menstrual health. Continued efforts are essential to tailor interventions, foster inclusivity, and honor diverse cultural and psychological realities related to menstruation.
Assessing thermoacoustic quality in combustion systems using the stability quality factor S
Authors: Ganji Hamed F. , Kornilov Viktor , van Oijen Jeroen , Lopez Arteaga Ines , de Goey Philip
Published: October 2024

Thermoacoustic instability poses a significant challenge in the development of combustion appliances, where the lack of specific information on upstream and downstream acoustic terminations during the research and development phase is common. This knowledge gap often necessitates extensive trial-and-error approaches, emphasizing the need for a reliable indicator to assess thermoacoustic quality in advance. Traditionally, a burner and its associated flame are characterized as an acoustically active two-port block, coupled with passive acoustic terminations upstream and downstream. In this paper, we investigate the application of the direct conservative stability criterion in the frequency domain to introduce a suitable indicator, termed the [Formula: see text] factor, as a figure-of-merit for thermoacoustic quality. We explore various scenarios that may arise during the research and development phase of thermoacoustically stable combustion systems. Additionally, we address the limitations associated with using Monte Carlo simulations to determine the probability of instability as a potential figure-of-merit. Our findings highlight potential misinterpretations and misrepresentations when employing the Monte Carlo approach to evaluate and compare the thermoacoustic quality of different burners and flames. Finally, the applicability of the [Formula: see text] factor is demonstrated and experimentally validated in the lab-scale thermoacoustic system to rank two different burners at the same thermal power.
Concussion Assessment and Management Self-efficacy Among Irish Clinicians
Authors: Postawa Anna P. , O’Connor Siobhán , Whyte Enda F.
Published: October 2024

Background:

This study explored concussion assessment and management self-efficacy and practices of allied healthcare professionals in Ireland.

Hypotheses:

(1) Self-efficacy levels and practices vary across different concussion assessment and management skills, (2) the ability to practice skills impacts self-efficacy most.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Survey of allied healthcare professionals (285 responders), investigating (1) demographics, (2) concussion assessment (immediate and office) and management (postconcussion advice and management/rehabilitation) self-efficacy levels and practices, and (3) factors affecting self-efficacy.

Results:

Levels of self-efficacy among clinicians were 64.5 ± 26.6 (immediate assessment) and 56.6 ± 25.4 (postconcussion advice) (highest scores: concussion symptom checklist [80 ± 28.4], physical rest advice [80.1 ± 27.8]; lowest: Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [44.6 ± 41.2] and nutrition advice [34.1 ± 33.7]). Overall levels of self-efficacy among Certified Athletic Therapists and Chartered Physiotherapists were 51.5 ± 20.1 (assessment) and 62.1 ± 20.9 (management) (highest scores: history/clinical evaluation nonspecific to concussion [86.6 ± 16.2], physical rest advice [86.3 ± 20]; lowest: paper/pencil neuropsychological test [16.7 ± 28.6], advice on medication use [39.2 ± 35]). A strong positive correlation was observed between clinician self-efficacy and frequency of use of overall ( r = 0.795; P < 0.01) and immediate ( r = 0.728; P < 0.01) assessment, advice ( r = 0.805; P < 0.01), and management ( r = 0.812; P < 0.01) skills. Factors with greatest positive impact on clinician self-efficacy were the ability to practice skills during clinical placement (3.3 ± 0.9) and remaining emotionally (3.3 ± 0.8) and physically (3.3 ± 0.8) calm while practicing.

Conclusion:

Clinicians in Ireland had moderate self-efficacy in concussion care. Those who used concussion-relevant skills frequently in practice displayed higher self-efficacy for those skills.

Clinical Relevance:

Concussion-related self-efficacy can be enhanced through practice in a clinical environment and through experiencing composure while practicing.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Physical Activity and It’s Associated Factor Among Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Health Institutions in Debre Berhan Town, North Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Molla Kassa , Abebe Ayele Mammo , Gebrye Dagne Belete , Wudu Muluken Amare
Published: October 2024

Physical inactivity is linked to pregnancy-related complications. Exercise participation during pregnancy is restricted in low-middle income nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with physical activity practice among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health institutions in Debre Berhan Town Northeastern Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 22, 2021 to May 22, 2021 in Debre Berhan Town. The systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain the 418 participants. Data were collected by using standardized questionnaires. Data were entered, cleaned by Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. The variables which had p-value < .05 and with 95% confidence interval were declared as determine factors of antenatal physical exercise. According to this study, 222 (53.1%, CI [48.3, 57.7]), 220 (52.6% [47.8, 57.2]), and 218 (52.2% [CI 47.6, 56.7]) of respondents had good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice of physical exercise respectively. Age group of 30 to 34 years (AOR: 2.15, 95% CI [1.08, 4.29]), housewife (AOR: 7.81, 95% CI [1.48, 41.21]), cultural recommendation (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI [1.37, 3.39]), exercise before pregnancy (AOR: 2.69, 95% CI [1.72, 4.19]), and gestational age >24 weeks (AOR: 2.538, 95% CI [1.02, 6.29]) were factors associated with practice of physical exercise during pregnancy. Physical activity during pregnancy was more common in the current study than in the national average. During an ANC visit, health care providers should improve and strengthen physical activity counseling sessions.
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of endometriosis: A systematic review
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Nurbaeti Putri , Sayogo Putri Atikah , Silvana Vita , Andyra Azizah Fitriayu , Wiweko Budi
Published: October 2024

Background:

Endometriosis affects approximately 4%–10% of women of reproductive age. The most common symptom is dysmenorrhea, which can impact patients’ physical, mental, and social lives. Early diagnosis is imperative, despite the fact that it is indeed challenging that diagnostic delay occurs frequently. Both physician and patient factors contribute to the diagnostic delay of endometriosis.

Methods:

We conducted a literature search published from March 2015 to March 2023 in PubMed, Cochrane, PMC, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases reporting about factors associated with delayed diagnosis of endometriosis.

Results:

Six studies were included in the analysis. Patient aspects, including age at first symptom ( p < 0.001) and first consultation ( p < 0.001), were associated with delayed diagnosis of endometriosis. Physician aspects, which include the number of doctors’ visits to get a diagnosis ( p < 0.001), time to referral to a gynecologist ( p = 0.028), and false diagnosis by a general practitioner ( p = 0.021), are also associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. From patient’s perspectives, their symptoms are often normalized by general practitioners, and general practitioners lack knowledge regarding endometriosis. From a health professional’s perspective, time-consuming consultation correlates with delayed diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of endometriosis were patient—and physician-related, including age at first symptom and first consultation, normalization of symptoms, and lack of knowledge among general practitioners. Increasing awareness and knowledge about endometriosis will likely reduce the diagnostic delay.
Where are race, ethnicity, and culture in personality research?
Authors: Syed Moin
Published: October 2024

In recent years personality psychology has re-affirmed its status as what Revelle famously termed “the last refuge of the generalist.” Conceptualizing personality as consisting of traits, characteristic adaptations, and life stories, all of which must be understood in the context of biological and cultural foundations, provides a “big tent” to integrate nearly any aspect of psychology. And yet, this big tent has seemingly had little room for scholarship focused on race, ethnicity, and culture. This paper includes a brief discussion of five reasons why this has been the case: (a) overstating the universality of traits, (b) overstating the genetic basis of personality, (c) hyper-focusing on dispositions, (d) a compromising association with social psychology, and (e) a weak approach to examining group differences. The paper concludes with some ideas for constructing a bigger, more inclusive tent.