bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differing Expression and Potential Immunological Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors of Two Different Chicken Breeds against Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
Authors: Youk Sungsu , Lee Dong-Hun , Song Chang-Seon
Published: January 2024

Diverse immune responses in different chicken lines can result in varying clinical consequences following avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. We compared two widely used layer breeds, Lohmann Brown (LB) and Lohmann White (LW), to examine virus replication and immune responses against H9N2 AIV infection. The transcription profile in the spleen of H9N2-infected chickens was compared using a microarray. Confirmatory real-time RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of C-type lectin, OASL, and MX1 genes. Additionally, to investigate the role of chicken lectin receptors in vitro, two C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) were expressed in DF-1 cells, and the early growth of the H9N2 virus was evaluated. The LB chickens shed a lower amount of virus from the cloaca compared with the LW chickens. Different expression levels of C-type lectin-like genes were observed in the transcription profile, with no significant differences in OASL or MX gene expression. Real-time RT-PCR indicated a sharp decrease in C-type lectin levels in the spleen of H9N2-infected LW chickens. In vitro studies demonstrated that cells overexpressing CLR exhibited lower virus replication, while silencing of homeostatic CLR had no effect on AIV replication. This study demonstrated distinct immune responses to H9N2 avian influenza in LB and LW chickens, particularly with differences in C-type lectin expression, potentially leading to lower virus shedding in LB chickens.
Managing Dry Eye Disease with Novel Medications: Mechanism, Study Validity, Safety, Efficacy, and Practical Application
Authors: Wong Jason C. , Barak Aselle
Published: January 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition that affects mainly older individuals and women. It is characterized by reduced tear production and increased tear evaporation. Symptoms include burning, irritation, tearing, and blurry vision. This paper reviews key trials of various new DED treatments, including their mechanism of action, study outcomes, safety, and efficacy. The paper also includes a critical assessment of the trial’s validity and potential pharmacy applications of these new treatments. The literature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The keywords “Dry Eye Disease”, “lifitegrast”, “cyclosporine”, “loteprednol etabonate”, “varenicline nasal spray”, and “perfluorohexyloctane” were used to identify these medications’ landmark trials. The articles deemed these medications safe and efficacious, with minimal side effects. Our randomized controlled trial validity comparison found the trials robust with predominantly low bias. Cyclosporine and loteprednol are effective when artificial tears fail, while perfluorohexyloctane reduces tear film evaporation and is preservative-free. Varenicline offers drug delivery via the nasal route and is appropriate for contact lens users. In conclusion, these FDA-approved novel medications exhibit safety and efficacy in managing DED. Further research is needed on long-term outcomes, efficacy, and side-effect comparisons, and combination therapy benefits.
Exact and Paraxial Broadband Airy Wave Packets in Free Space and a Temporally Dispersive Medium
Authors: Besieris Ioannis M. , Saari Peeter
Published: January 2024

A question of physical importance is whether finite-energy spatiotemporally localized (i.e., pulsed) generalizations of monochromatic accelerating Airy beams are feasible. For luminal solutions, this question has been answered within the framework of paraxial geometry. The time-diffraction technique that has been motivated by the Lorentz invariance of the equation governing the narrow angular spectrum and narrowband temporal spectrum paraxial approximation has been used to derive finite-energy spatiotemporally confined subluminal, luminal, and superluminal Airy wave packets. The goal in this article is to provide novel exact finite-energy broadband spatio-temporally localized Airy solutions (a) to the scalar wave equation in free space; (b) in a dielectric medium moving at its phase velocity; and (c) in a lossless second-order temporally dispersive medium. Such solutions can be useful in practical applications involving broadband (few-cycle) wave packets.
Application of Micro-Tubing Reeling System to Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
Authors: Kim Jihan , Park Sehan , Cho Yunje , Park Jaehyun
Published: January 2024

Microcrystal delivery instruments are pivotal to performing serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at the XFEL facilities. We present a novel sample delivery technique based on a micro-tubing reeling system (MRS). Despite the tiny size of the micro-tubing, the MRS device has the advantage of operating without real-time position adjustment of the tube to match with the XFEL pulses. Moreover, the applicable repetition rate is more flexible than the previously reported chip-based one-dimensional fixed target system.
Influence of Primary Coma on the Tightly Focusing Characteristics of Circular Basis Hybrid Order Poincaré Sphere Beams
Authors: Pal Sushanta Kumar , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Senthilkumaran Paramasivam
Published: January 2024

Analogous to the Poincaré sphere, a hybrid order Poincaré sphere is used to represent the ellipse field singularities (C-points). We study the tight focusing properties of generic bright and dark hybrid order Poincaré sphere beams in the presence of primary coma. The role of the polarization singularity index and handedness of the polarization of the hybrid order Poincaré sphere beams on the focused structure has been discussed. Results have been presented for the total intensity, component intensities, and component phase distributions for left- and right-handed bright and dark star and lemon types singularities. The presence of primary coma distorted the focal plane intensity distributions for both positive and negative index generic C-points. Coma is known to disturb the circular symmetry of the focal plane intensity distribution. Similarly in tight focusing polarization is known to disturb the symmetry. Therefore, a beam with structured and inhomogeneous polarization distribution tightly focused under the influence of coma is a fit case to study. It is found that the presence of primary coma aberration in the focusing system produces a positional shift of the high-intensity peaks and a reduction of the intensity on one side of the center. As the strength of the primary coma increases, the focal plane intensity distributions shift more and more toward the right from the initial position. Unlike the scalar vortex case, in the case of hybrid order Poincaré sphere beams, the focal plane intensity distribution undergoes rotation, as the helicity of the hybrid order Poincaré sphere beams is inverted, in addition to shifting. All the component phase distributions are found to be embedded with phase vortices of charge ±1.
Evolution of Airy Beams in Turbulence Plasma Sheath
Authors: Gao Xuan , Han Yiping , Wang Jiajie , Xu Shuping
Published: January 2024

In order to study the transmission characteristics of Airy beams in the plasma sheath, the flow field around a hypersonic vehicle was numerically simulated and analyzed based on the Navier–Stokes (N-S) equation and a turbulence model. Then, according to the characteristics of the thickness of the plasma flow field around the supersonic vehicle at the centimeter level, the double fast Fourier transform (D-FFT) algorithm and multi-random phase screens theory were used to predict the propagation characteristics of the Airy beams in the turbulent plasma sheath. The results show that the lower the height and the higher the speed, the smaller the thickness of the plasma sheath shock layer. The refractive index variation in the sheath shock layer has a significant influence on Airy beam transmission. At the same time, the transmission distance and the attenuation factor of the Airy beams also change the transmission quality of the Airy beams. The larger the attenuation factor, the smaller the drift, and the standard deviation decreases with an increase in the refractive index. Airy beams have smaller drifts compared to Gaussian beams and have advantages in suppressing turbulence.
Enrichment and Diversification of the Wheat Genome via Alien Introgression
Authors: Boehm Jeffrey , Cai Xiwen
Published: January 2024

Wheat, including durum and common wheat, respectively, is an allopolyploid with two or three homoeologous subgenomes originating from diploid wild ancestral species. The wheat genome’s polyploid origin consisting of just three diploid ancestors has constrained its genetic variation, which has bottlenecked improvement. However, wheat has a large number of relatives, including cultivated crop species (e.g., barley and rye), wild grass species, and ancestral species. Moreover, each ancestor and relative has many other related subspecies that have evolved to inhabit specific geographic areas. Cumulatively, they represent an invaluable source of genetic diversity and variation available to enrich and diversify the wheat genome. The ancestral species share one or more homologous genomes with wheat, which can be utilized in breeding efforts through typical meiotic homologous recombination. Additionally, genome introgressions of distant relatives can be moved into wheat using chromosome engineering-based approaches that feature induced meiotic homoeologous recombination. Recent advances in genomics have dramatically improved the efficacy and throughput of chromosome engineering for alien introgressions, which has served to boost the genetic potential of the wheat genome in breeding efforts. Here, we report research strategies and progress made using alien introgressions toward the enrichment and diversification of the wheat genome in the genomics era.
Formation of OH Radicals on BiVO4–TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalytic Film under Visible-Light Irradiation: Roles of Photocatalytic Reduction Channels
Authors: Terao Shizu , Murakami Yoshinori
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 addition on OH radical formation on the surfaces of visible-light-irradiated BiVO4–TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts. Additionally, we examined the possible roles of OH radicals formed by the reduction reaction of H2O2 on the visible-light-irradiated surfaces of photocatalytic BiVO4–TiO2 nanocomposites. The BiVO4–TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts were prepared by mixing a BiVO4 photocatalytic film with commercially available semiconductor particulate TiO2 photocatalysts. By removing oxygen gas from the photocatalytic reactor, the effects of oxygen molecules on OH radical formation during the visible-light irradiation of BiVO4–TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts were examined. During visible-light irradiation, BiVO4 and BiVO4–TiO2 photocatalysts play different roles in OH radical formation because of two characteristic reduction reaction channels: (a) the direct reduction of H2O2 on photocatalytic surfaces and (b) the indirect reduction reaction of H2O2 by superoxide radical anions (O2−).
The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Predictive Risk Assessment for Business Continuity: A Case Study of Greece
Authors: Kalogiannidis Stavros , Kalfas Dimitrios , Papaevangelou Olympia , Giannarakis Grigoris , Chatzitheodoridis Fotios
Published: January 2024

This study examined the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in predictive risk assessment and their contribution to ensuring business continuity. This research aimed to understand how different AI components, such as natural language processing (NLP), AI-powered data analytics, AI-driven predictive maintenance, and AI integration in incident response planning, enhance risk assessment and support business continuity in an environment where businesses face a myriad of risks, including natural disasters, cyberattacks, and economic fluctuations. A cross-sectional design and quantitative method were used to collect data for this study from a sample of 360 technology specialists. The results of this study show that AI technologies have a major impact on business continuity and predictive risk assessment. Notably, it was discovered that NLP improved the accuracy and speed of risk assessment procedures. The integration of AI into incident response plans was particularly effective, greatly decreasing company interruptions and improving recovery from unforeseen events. It is advised that businesses invest in AI skills, particularly in fields such as NLP for automated risk assessment, data analytics for prompt risk detection, predictive maintenance for operational effectiveness, and AI-enhanced incident response planning for crisis management.
Parallel Ictal-Net, a Parallel CNN Architecture with Efficient Channel Attention for Seizure Detection
Authors: Hernández-Nava Gerardo , Salazar-Colores Sebastián , Cabal-Yepez Eduardo , Ramos-Arreguín Juan-Manuel
Published: January 2024

Around 70 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by non-induced seizures that occur at irregular and unpredictable intervals. During an epileptic seizure, transient symptoms emerge as a result of extreme abnormal neural activity. Epilepsy imposes limitations on individuals and has a significant impact on the lives of their families. Therefore, the development of reliable diagnostic tools for the early detection of this condition is considered beneficial to alleviate the social and emotional distress experienced by patients. While the Bonn University dataset contains five collections of EEG data, not many studies specifically focus on subsets D and E. These subsets correspond to EEG recordings from the epileptogenic zone during ictal and interictal events. In this work, the parallel ictal-net (PIN) neural network architecture is introduced, which utilizes scalograms obtained through a continuous wavelet transform to achieve the high-accuracy classification of EEG signals into ictal or interictal states. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PIN model in distinguishing between ictal and interictal events with a high degree of confidence. This is validated by the computing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores, all of which consistently achieve around 99% confidence, surpassing previous approaches in the related literature.
A Wireless Passive Pressure-Sensing Method for Cryogenic Applications Using Magnetoresistors
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Yamamoto Michitaka , Takamatsu Seiichi , Itoh Toshihiro
Published: January 2024

In this study, we developed a novel wireless, passive pressure-sensing method functional at cryogenic temperatures (−196 °C). The currently used pressure sensors are inconvenient and complicated in cryogenic environments for their weak low-temperature tolerances and long wires for power supply and data transmission. We propose a novel pressure-sensing method for cryogenic applications by only using low-temperature-tolerant passive devices. By innovatively integrating a magnetoresistor (MR) on a backscattering antenna, the pressure inside a cryogenic environment is transferred to a wirelessly obtainable return loss. Wireless passive measurement is thus achieved using a backscattering method. In the measurement, the pressure causes a relative displacement between the MR and a magnet. The MR’s resistance changes with the varied magnetic field, thus modulating the antenna’s return loss. The experimental results indicate that our fabricated sensor successfully identified different pressures, with high sensitivities of 4.3 dB/MPa at room temperature (24 °C) and 1.3 dB/MPa at cryogenic temperature (−196 °C). Additionally, our method allows for simultaneous wireless readings of multi sensors via a single reading device by separating the frequency band of each sensor. Our method performs low-cost, simple, robust, passive, and wireless pressure measurement at −196 °C; thus, it is desirable for cryogenic applications.
AI-Based Approach to One-Click Chronic Subdural Hematoma Segmentation Using Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Petrov Andrey , Kashevnik Alexey , Haleev Mikhail , Ali Ammar , Ivanov Arkady , Samochernykh Konstantin , Rozhchenko Larisa , Bobinov Vasiliy
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a computer vision-based approach to chronic subdural hematoma segmentation that can be performed by one click. Chronic subdural hematoma is estimated to occur in 0.002–0.02% of the general population each year and the risk increases with age, with a high frequency of about 0.05–0.06% in people aged 70 years and above. In our research, we developed our own dataset, which includes 53 series of CT scans collected from 21 patients with one or two hematomas. Based on the dataset, we trained two neural network models based on U-Net architecture to automate the manual segmentation process. One of the models performed segmentation based only on the current frame, while the other additionally processed multiple adjacent images to provide context, a technique that is more similar to the behavior of a doctor. We used a 10-fold cross-validation technique to better estimate the developed models’ efficiency. We used the Dice metric for segmentation accuracy estimation, which was 0.77. Also, for testing our approach, we used scans from five additional patients who did not form part of the dataset, and created a scenario in which three medical experts carried out a hematoma segmentation before we carried out segmentation using our best model. We developed the OsiriX DICOM Viewer plugin to implement our solution into the segmentation process. We compared the segmentation time, which was more than seven times faster using the one-click approach, and the experts agreed that the segmentation quality was acceptable for clinical usage.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the SleepTracker App for Detecting Anxiety- and Depression-Related Sleep Disturbances
Authors: Alamoudi Doaa , Nabney Ian , Crawley Esther
Published: January 2024

This study emphasises the critical role of quality sleep in physical and mental well-being, exploring its impact on bodily recovery and cognitive function. Investigating poor sleep quality in approximately 40% of individuals with insomnia symptoms, the research delves into its potential diagnostic relevance for depression and anxiety, with a focus on intervention in mental health by understanding sleep patterns, especially in young individuals. This study includes an exploration of phone usage habits among young adults during PPI sessions, providing insights for developing the SleepTracker app. This pivotal tool utilises phone usage and movement data from mobile device sensors to identify indicators of anxiety or depression, with participant information organised comprehensively in a table categorising condition related to phone usage and movement data. The analysis compares this data with survey results, incorporating scores from the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Generated confusion matrices offer a detailed overview of the relationship between sleep metrics, phone usage, and movement data. In summary, this study reveals the accurate detection of negative sleep disruption instances by the classifier. However, improvements are needed in identifying positive instances, reflected in the F1-score of 0.5 and a precision result of 0.33. While early intervention potential is significant, this study emphasises the need for a larger participant pool to enhance the model’s performance.
Research on a Fault Diagnosis Method for Crankshafts Based on Improved Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy
Authors: Bie Fengfeng , Shu Yu , Lyu Fengxia , Liu Xuedong , Lu Yi , Li Qianqian , Zhang Hanyang , Ding Xueping
Published: January 2024

As the crucial part of a transmission assembly, the monitoring of the status of the crankshaft is essential for the normal working of a reciprocating machinery system. In consideration of the interaction between crankshaft system components, the fault vibration feature is typically non-stationary and nonlinear, and the single-scale feature extraction method cannot adequately assess the fault features, therefore a novel impact feature extraction method based on genetic algorithms to optimize multi-scale permutation entropy is proposed. Compared with other traditional feature extraction methods, the proposed method illustrates good robustness and high adaptability in the signal processing of crankshaft vibrations. Firstly, the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) method is developed on the signal to obtain several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, and the IMF components with a large kurtosis are selected for array reorganization. Then, the parameters of multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) are optimized based on genetic algorithm (GA), the multi-scale permutation entropy is calculated and the feature vector set is constructed. The feature vector set is input into the support vector machine (SVM) and optimized by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) model for training and final pattern recognition, where the Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD)-GA-MPE with a PSO-SVM recognition model and the ICEEMDAN-MPE with PSO-SVM recognition model without GA optimization are constructed for a comparison with the proposed method. The research result illustrates that the proposed method, which inputs the genetic algorithm optimized multi-scale permutation entropy extracted from the ICEEMDAN decomposition into the PSO-SVM, performs well in impact feature extraction and the pattern recognition of crankshaft vibrations.
Optrode-Assisted Multiparametric Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Liquids
Authors: Delli Santi Maria Giulia , Castrignano Salvatore , Capezzuto Marialuisa , Consales Marco , Vaiano Patrizio , Cusano Andrea , Gagliardi Gianluca , Malara Pietro
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate a sensing scheme for liquid analytes that integrates multiple optical fiber sensors in a near-infrared spectrometer. With a simple optofluidic method, a broadband radiation is encoded in a time-domain interferogram and distributed to different sensing units that interrogate the sample simultaneously; the spectral readout of each unit is extracted from its output signal by a Fourier transform routine. The proposed method allows performing a multiparametric analysis of liquid samples in a compact setup where the radiation source, measurement units, and spectral readout are all integrated in a robust telecom optical fiber. An experimental validation is provided by combining a plasmonic nanostructured fiber probe and a transmission cuvette in the setup and demonstrating the simultaneous measurement of the absorption spectrum and the refractive index of water–methanol solutions.
Geochemical Distribution and Environmental Risks of Radionuclides in Soils and Sediments Runoff of a Uranium Mining Area in South China
Authors: Li Haidong , Wang Qiugui , Zhang Chunyan , Su Weigang , Ma Yujun , Zhong Qiangqiang , Xiao Enzong , Xia Fei , Zheng Guodong , Xiao Tangfu
Published: January 2024

Uranium mining activities have contributed to the distribution and uptake of radionuclides, which have increased the active concentrations of natural radionuclides in environmental media, causing elevated human health risks. The present study aims to assess the spatial distribution characteristics of natural radionuclides in the surface soils and river sediments of the typical granite uranium mining area in South China, as well as investigate the geochemical features of natural radionuclides in the soil and sediments to understand their migration processes. The activity concentrations for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 17–3925 Bq/kg, 50–1180 Bq/kg, 29–459 Bq/kg, and 240–1890 Bq/kg, respectively. The open-pit mining areas and tailings pond locations exhibited the highest concentrations of activity for all these radionuclides. This distribution points to an elevated potential health risk due to radiological exposure in these specific areas. Additionally, the values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) in those areas were higher than the limits recommended by ICRP (2021). 238U and 226Ra have a significant correlation (0.724), and the cluster analysis was showing a statistically meaningful cluster below 5 indicated that they have similar behavior during parent rock weathering and watershed erosion, and the distribution of 232Th and 40K were influenced by the addition of rock types. The activity ratios of 226Ra/238U, 226Ra/232Th, 238U/40K, and 226Ra/40K variation indicated that 40K more mobile than 226Ra and 238U, U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) by organic matter in the downstream area and re-entered into the sediment during the sediment surface runoff in the small watershed of the uranium ore open-pit mining area. Therefore, it is necessary to further seal up and repair the tailings landfill area.
Equation of State of Quark–Gluon Matter in the Clustering-of-Color-Sources Approach
Authors: Mishra Aditya Nath , Paić Guy , Pajares Carlos Vales , Scharenberg Rolf P. , Srivastava B. K.
Published: January 2024

In the first few microseconds after the Big Bang, the hot dense matter was in the form of quark–gluon plasma consisting of free quarks and gluons. By colliding heavy nuclei at RHIC and LHC at a velocity close to the speed of light, we were able to recreate primordial matter and observe that matter after expansion and cooling. In the present work, we have analyzed the transverse-momentum spectra of charged particles in high-multiplicity pp collisions at LHC energies s= 5.02 and 13 TeV, published by the ALICE Collaboration, using the Color-String Percolation Model. For heavy ions, Pb–Pb at sNN= 2.76 and 5.02 TeV along with Xe–Xe at sNN= 5.44 TeV have been analyzed. The initial temperature was extracted both in low- and high-multiplicity events in pp collisions. For A−A collisions, the temperature was obtained as a function of centrality. A universal scaling in the temperature from pp and A−A collisions was obtained when multiplicity was scaled by the transverse interaction area. For the higher-multiplicity events in pp collisions at s= 5.02 and 13 TeV, the initial temperature was above the universal hadronization temperature and was consistent with the creation of deconfined matter. From the measured energy density ε and the temperature, the dimensionless quantity ε/T4 was obtained, to obtain the degree of freedom of the deconfined matter.
Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sophonmanee Ratchanon , Preampruchcha Perawas , Ongarj Jomkwan , Seeyankem Bunya , Intapiboon Porntip , Surasombatpattana Smonrapat , Uppanisakorn Supattra , Sangsupawanich Pasuree , Chusri Sarunyou , Pinpathomrat Nawamin
Published: January 2024

The administration of viral vector and mRNA vaccine booster effectively induces humoral and cellular immune responses. Effector T cell responses after fractional intradermal (ID) vaccination are comparable to those after intramuscular (IM) boosters. Here, we quantified T cell responses after booster vaccination. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced higher numbers of S1-specific CD8+ memory T cells, consistent with the antibody responses. Effector memory T cell phenotypes elicited by mRNA vaccination showed a similar trend to those elicited by the viral vector vaccine booster. Three months post-vaccination, cytokine responses remained detectable, confirming effector T cell responses induced by both vaccines. The ID fractional dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited higher effector CD8+ T cell responses than IM vaccination. This study confirmed that an ID dose-reduction vaccination strategy effectively stimulates effector memory T cell responses. ID injection could be an improved approach for effective vaccination programs.
Assessing the Implementation Determinants of Pilot Malaria Vaccination Programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi through a Complexity Lens: A Rapid Review Using a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Adamu Abdu , Jalo Rabiu , Ndwandwe Duduzile , Wiysonge Charles
Published: January 2024

In 2019, national immunization programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi commenced the implementation of RTS,S/AS01 vaccination in large-scale pilot schemes. Understanding the implementation context of this malaria vaccination in the pilot countries can provide useful insights for enhancing implementation outcomes in new countries. There has not yet been a proper synthesis of the implementation determinants of malaria vaccination programs. A rapid review was conducted to identify the implementation determinants of the pilot malaria vaccination programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, and describe the mechanism by which these determinants interact with each other. A literature search was conducted in November 2023 in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify those studies that described the factors affecting malaria vaccine implementation in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. Thirteen studies conducted between 2021 and 2023 were included. A total of 62 implementation determinants of malaria vaccination across all five domains of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) were identified. A causal loop diagram showed that these factors are interconnected and interrelated, identifying nine reinforcing loops and two balancing loops. As additional countries in Africa prepare for a malaria vaccine roll-out, it is pertinent to ensure that they have access to adequate information about the implementation context of countries that are already implementing malaria vaccination programs so that they understand the potential barriers and facilitators. This information can be used to inform context-specific systems enhancement to maximize implementation success. Going forward, primary implementation studies that incorporate the causal loop diagram should be integrated into the malaria vaccine implementation program to enable immunization program managers and other key stakeholders to identify and respond to emerging implementation barriers in a timely and systematic manner, to improve overall implementation performance.
A inviolabilidade do domicílio na atividade policial
Authors: Corrêa Ben-Hur Luís Kaiser
Published: January 2024

Este artigo analisa a "Inviolabilidade do Domicílio na Atividade Policial", explorando a tensão entre a proteção dos direitos individuais e as demandas por eficácia no combate à criminalidade. A inviolabilidade do domicílio, consagrada na Constituição Federal, é essencial para resguardar a privacidade e garantir os direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos. Contudo, a atuação policial frequentemente requer incursões em residências, levantando questões sobre como conciliar essas ações com os princípios democráticos do Estado de Direito. A pesquisa adota uma metodologia de análise qualitativa de bibliografia, utilizando o Google Acadêmico como principal fonte de dados. O estudo abrange a evolução histórica e jurídica da inviolabilidade do domicílio, assim como as normativas e jurisprudências que regulamentam a atuação policial nesse contexto. A análise destaca as complexidades e desafios enfrentados na harmonização desses elementos, identificando dilemas éticos e situações práticas. Os resultados esperados incluem a identificação de contribuições teóricas e práticas relevantes, subsidiando reflexões críticas sobre a necessidade de ajustes normativos. Pretende-se, assim, oferecer subsídios para aprimorar a legislação e as práticas relacionadas à inviolabilidade do domicílio, visando uma conciliação equilibrada entre a eficácia policial e a preservação dos direitos individuais. Este estudo busca contribuir para o debate acadêmico e jurídico sobre a temática, oferecendo uma análise abrangente e propositiva.
PERAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENURUNAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Sewaminggi Ayuka Pradina Ashara Primadipta , Muhajirin Ahmad , Paruta Garan , Dwikania Keni , Yustisi Mira Janu , Qori’ah Ribut , Basuki Urip , Kharisma Bayu
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kondisi kemiskinan, peran partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya penanganan kemiskinan dan merumuskan strategi alternatif penanganan kemiskinan dari aspek sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis, analisis korelasi serta analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kemiskinan di Kabupaten Garut pada periode 2015-2020 mengalami penurunan dalam kurun waktu 6 (enam) tahun terakhir, namun capaiannya masih belum optimal bandingkan dengan daerah lain. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara partisipasi masyarakat, kemiskinan, dan pembangunan manusia dengan korelasi diatas 0,9 pada masing-masing variabel. Hubungan yang kuat tersebut perlu disikapi dengan mengoptimalkan keterkaitan antar variabel dengan strategi yang komprehensif. Strategi agresif (S-O) sebagai strategi terbaik dengan pemanfaatan SDA di Kabupaten Garut melalui kolaborasi antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah dengan tetap melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai subjek pembangunan di Kabupaten Garut. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam pengembangan sumber daya manusia, tersebut khususnya pada aspek pendidikan dan ekonomi yang berkaitan erat dengan kemiskinan. Dengan demikian, melalui keterlibatan masyarakat secara aktif untuk mendorong partisipasi seluruh pihak membangun ekonomi daerah dengan potensi yang dimiliki dapat menjadi alternatif upaya pengentasan kemiskinan.
Issues and implications of defamation based on recent precedents: From a critical perspective on the discussion of decriminalization of the crime of defamation
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim Jae-Jung , Park Chan-Geol
Published: January 2024

In recent years, since victims of sex crimes have been accused of defamation after they have sued the perpetrators, there is a high concern that the crime of defamation in fact reduces the victim of crime to a suspect. In particular, the Me Too movement, which emerged in Korea in early 2018, and the dispute over the revelation of past school violence involving celebrities and sportsmen have helped to amplify the debate over the existence of libel in fact. As a means of guaranteeing basic constitutional rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of speech, and people's right to know, decriminalization of de facto defamation is still actively being discussed. In the current situation related to the discussion on the existence of such factual defamation crimes, this paper first examines the legislative cases in foreign countries and the legislative discussions in Korea. Related to the recent decision of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, this study examines the decriminalization of realistic defamation based on the last resort of the criminal law, the contraction of freedom of expression, the protection of false names, and the abuse of counter-accusations against victims of sexual violence. Then, this study presents a counterargument focusing on the necessity of criminal punishment, the lack of civil remedies, the reduction of punishment through Article 310 of the Criminal Act, the protection of victims, and the conversion to the crime of appeal, and attempts to maintain a critical viewpoint on the decriminalization claim of factual defamation.
A Study on the Activation of the Public Defender System for Crime Victims: Focusing on the recent discussions in Japan, Sweden, and Finland
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Jeong Yeong-Hun , Ryu Byung-kwan
Published: January 2024

Criminal justice procedures have historically been centered on punishment for crimes, and proof and defense of crimes have been key. The ideology of the Criminal Procedure Act, which is the principle of discovery of substantive truth, proper procedure, and prompt trial, was also established in this dimension. However, as the interest in criminal law expanded to the area of recovering criminal damage, many academic theories and legislation for this came to fruition. The need for social support for crime victims is also gaining a lot of support from the international community. The UN adopted the SDGs and suggested equal access to justice as one of the international community's efforts, and recently, “The Kyoto Congress” emphasized the need for compensation and compensation beyond the victim's participation in criminal justice procedures. Legal assistance and assistance from lawyers are essential to enable crime victims to recover to their daily lives. Currently, Korea guarantees this right to victims of crime under a special law. However, the reality is that support for crime victims is insufficient because the types of crimes that can be assisted by lawyers are limited. Therefore, there is a need to expand the scope of crime victims to use the public defender system. Currently, the system stipulated only in the special law should be stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Act, a general corporation, and there should also be legislation for the elderly who are socially vulnerable. In addition, from the beginning of the criminal damage, the effectiveness of the recovery of the damage should be secured with the assistance of a lawyer. In addition, it is necessary to clearly define the role of public defenders who have suffered criminal damage and prepare a plan that enables legal support from the investigation stage to the process of receiving damages. In order to guarantee the defendant's right to defend, the Korean Criminal Procedure Act recognizes various rights and operates a system. If so, it is appropriate to provide the same level of support to victims who have been victimized by the accused. Anyone can unintentionally become a victim of a crime, and the cause of the crime is also in the social environment. If so, the state is obligated to establish a social system so that the daily life, which has been painful due to criminal damage, can be restored to the time before the damage situation. In addition, the prerequisite of such a system is to be able to receive assistance from public defenders.
Civil Liability for Traffic Accident of Rental Business Operator
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim Yusik
Published: January 2024

The contents related to the operator's responsibility under the Automobile Accident Compensation Security Law are virtually the same from the time it was enacted as Law No. 1314 on April 4, 1963. Under these circumstances, the Supreme Court has no choice but to continue its attempts to embody abstract concepts as it extends the concept of existing operating profit and control to ideological concepts. Even if it is understood that it is in line with the legislative purpose of the Automobile Accident Compensation Security Law, it is questionable how long the Supreme Court's interpretation can keep pace with changes in society through technological development. In this judgment, it was questionable whether the vehicle rental company could recognize the driver's personality in the event of an accident due to the tenant's violation, even though the vehicle rental company had restrictions and exemption regulations on the operator of the vehicle as the content of the contract with the tenant. The Supreme Court judges the driver's management of car based on the concept of existing operating profit and operating control (two-way theory), but as the concept of existing operating profit and operating control is abstract, the conclusions of the lower court and the Supreme Court were different. In the end, if the abstract concept of existing operating profit and operation control leads to individual case judgments, there is a risk of reaching unreasonable conclusions in form, and there is a risk of differences in drawing conclusions according to the subjectivity of judges depending on individual cases. If so, it would be more purposeful to interpret the provisions of Article 3 of the Automobile Accident Compensation Security Law to judge the driver's personality based on the subjective sense of responsibility of the party based on an objectified third party.
Whether the legal entity is recognized as liable for damages due to the illegal acts of its de facto representative common to the offending entity and the damaged entity
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Song Ho-Young
Published: January 2024

This paper is an analysis of the Korean Supreme Court's decision 2020Da9268, pronounced on June 1, 2023. This is a case in which Mr. G, who was in a de facto representative position for both the defendant (offending) entity and the plaintiff (damaged) entity, embezzled money not only from the defendant entity but also from the plaintiff entity through unfair means. The plaintiff entity, which claimed to have suffered damage as part of the money embezzled from the plaintiff entity flowed into the defendant entity, filed a claim against the defendant entity for the return of money based on unjust enrichment or compensation for damages due to tort. Regarding this case, the first and second trials and the Supreme Court differ in their approach to the matter and their resulting conclusions. The first and second trials acknowledged that the entity's tort liability was established based on the representative's illegal acts, but in calculating damages, they denied or limited the amount of damages to 50%. In contrast, the Supreme Court denied liability for damages on the grounds that even if it recognized Mr. G's illegal act, there was no clear basis for recognizing it as an illegal act by the offending entity. Regarding this, the author criticized that the 'de facto representative' principle, the 'limits of the appearance theory' principle, and the 'attribution of recognition' principle, which were formed in the existing precedents of the Supreme Court in relation to the liability of corporations for illegal acts, were rarely or not used in this judgment. To summarize the author's solution, Mr. G can be evaluated as the de facto representative of the offending entity, and his illegal acts, such as embezzlement of school funds, not only constitute his own illegal acts, but can be judged as business-related acts of the (de facto) representative who ostensibly represents the offending entity. However, since Mr. A is in the position of de facto representative of the damaged entity, what he recognizes also belongs to the damaged entity. Since he would have recognized on his own that his illegal act was not related to the duties of the offending entity, his awareness is attributed to that of the damaged entity as well. Therefore, the damaged entity cannot claim compensation from the offending entity.
DETERMINANTS OF GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION
Authors: Nafsiyyah Zakiyyatun Dea , Prameswari Desty Villa , Sartika Eka , Umyana Ayu
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This study was conducted in order to determine the impact of audit quality, total asset turnover, company size, growth opportunity, DER, DAR, and previous year's audit opinion on audit opinion regarding business continuity in food and beverage subsector companies located on the IDX in the period 2020 to 2022. Financial statements are secondary data used in research with purposive sampling in determining and based on predetermined characteristics there are 78 companies. Quantitative becomes a research model using logistic regression so as to obtain results where previous period Audit Opinions have an impact on Going Concern Audit Opinions, while Audit Quality, Total Asset Turnover, Company Size, Company Growth, Debt To Equity, Debt To Asset have no impact on Going Concern Audit Opinions in food and beverage subsector manufacturing companies.

Keywords: Debt To Asset, Debt To Equity, Audit Quality, Going Concern Audit Opinion, Previous Year Audit Opinion, Total Asset Turnover, Company Size
استخدام الألوان في البرامج التعليمية على وسائل الإعلام المرئية وتأثيره في جذب انتباه الطلبة نحوها: قناة العراقية التربوية أنموذجًا
Authors: عبد الجبار عمر جواد
Published: January 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرُّف واقع استخدام الألوان في البرامج التعليمية على وسائل الاعلام المرئية وتأثيرها في جذب انتباه الطلبة نحوها، وتعرُّف القيم الجمالية عند استخدامها وإلى أبعاد وفئات الألوان المستخدمة، وإلى استقصاء العلاقةُ بينَ واقع استخدام الألوان وبين تأثيراتها على جذب انتباه الطلبة نحوها.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة منهج المسح الوصفي، وجرى الحصول على البيانات باستخدام أداة استمارة تحليل المضمون لدراسة (12) حلقة من البرامج التعليمية التي تبث على قناة العراقية التربوية عن طريق استبانة وُزِّعَت على (100) طالبًا من المتابعون للقناة العراقية التربوية. واستخدمت الدراسة العينة العشوائية البسيطة خلال جمع المعلومات المتعلقة بالأثر الذي تركته الألوان المستخدمة في البرامج في جذب انتباههم.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن من أكثر أنماط الألوان استخدامًا في البرامج التعليمية في قناة العراقية التربوية هي الألوان الباردة وأكثر تدرج لوني هو الإضاءة وأكثر تنسيق لوني هو الأحادي، كما بينت الدراسة أن مدى تأثير الألوان في البرامج التعليمية في قناة العراقية التربوية على جذب انتباه المشاهدين نحوها جاء بدرجة مرتفعة، وأظهرت الدراسة وجود ترابط بين واقع استخدام الألوان في البرامج التعليمية التي تبث وبين تأثيرها في جذب انتباه الطلبة المتابعين لها.
الخلاصة: لوحظ أن مدى تأثير الألوان في البرامج التعليميَّة في قناة العراقيَّة التربويَة في جذب انتباه الطلبة نحوها جاء بدرجة مرتفعة. توصي الدراسة بتدريب الأخصائيين على استخدام الألوان السليمة داخل تصاميمهم التعليمية، والسعي نحو زيادة الاهتمام بالنظريات والأبحاث التي درست الألوان لمعرفة أفضل الأساليب لتصميم المادة التعليميَّة وخصائص المستفيدين منها.
العلاقة بين الحكمة وكل من الذكاء العاطفي وقدرات التفكير الإبداعي لدى المعلمات من ذوي الضغوط النفسية
Authors: الحويلة أمثال هادي
Published: January 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرُّف العلاقة بين الحكمة وكل من الذكاء العاطفي وقدرات التفكير الإبداعي، وكذلك تعرُّف الفروق على متغيرات الدراسة بين المعلمات اللاتي تعرضن للضغوط النفسية واللاتي لم يتعرضن.
المنهجية: استُخدِمَ المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي المقارن. وتكونت عينة الدراسة الأساسية من (200) من المعلمات بالمرحلة الثانوية، بواقع (90) من المعلمات ذوي الضغوط النفسية و(110) من المعلمات اللاتي لم يتعرضن للضغوط النفسية، وتراوحت أعمارهن بين (25-55) سنة. طُبق مقياس الذكاء العاطفي ومقياس الضغوط النفسية، واختبارات القدرات الإبداعية لجليفورد، ومقياس الحكمة.
النتائج: أسفرت النتائج عن وجود ارتباط موجب بين مكونات الحكمة وكل من الذكاء العاطفي وقدرات التفكير الإبداعي. كما تبين وجود فروق بين المعلمات من ذوي الضغوط النفسية واللاتي لم يتعرضن للضغوط النفسية في الذكاء العاطفي وقدرات التفكير الإبداعي والحكمة في اتجاه اللاتي لم يتعرضن للضغوط النفسية.
الخلاصة: لوحظ أن الحكمة والذكاء العاطفي وقدرات التفكير الإبداعي تعمل على خفض الضغوط النفسية لدى المعلمات، وهكذا يجب تقديم الدعم النفسي لجميع المعلمات، والعمل على زيادة مستويات التكيف لديهن، وإعداد برامج إرشادية لرفع كفاءة المعلمات داخل الأسرة والعمل.
أثر استخدام الألعاب الرقمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات لدى ذوي صعوبات الرياضيات بدولة الكويت
Authors: الحويلة أمثال هادي
Published: January 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية اختبار فاعلية برنامج الألعاب الرقمية كمدخل لتحسين بعض مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات لدى ذوي صعوبات الرياضيات.
المنهجية: اُستخدم المنهج شبه التجريبي والتصميم التجريبي ذو المجموعة الواحدة. شملت عينة الدراسة الأساسية (30) من ذوي صعوبات الرياضيات كمجوعة تجريبية، ومثلهم كعينة ضابطة، تراوحت أعمارهم ما بين (8-11) عامًا. طُبق مقياس صعوبات تعلم الرياضيات، واختبار التفكير الإبداعي في الرياضيات، ومقياس القدرة على حل المشكلات، بجانب البرنامج المستخدم.
النتائج: أسفرت النتائج عن وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا بين متوسطات درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة على مقياسي مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات في القياس البعدي وذلك في اتجاه المجموعة التجريبية. كما تبين وجود فروق دالة في متوسطات درجات مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات بين التطبيقين البعدي والقبلي للعينة التجريبية، حيث كان متوسط درجات العينة التجريبية على التطبيق البعدي أعلى. ولوحظ أيضاً عدم وجود فروق دالة بين القياسين البعدي والتتبعي (بعد مرور أربعة أسابيع من تطبيق البرنامج) للمجموعة التجريبية في متوسطات درجات مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات.
الخلاصة: لوحظ أن الألعاب الرقمية تعمل على تحسين مهارات التفكير الإبداعي وحل المشكلات لدى ذوي صعوبات الرياضيات، وبالتالي خفض مستويات صعوبات تعلم الرياضيات لدى هؤلاء الطلاب.