bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A decomposition approach for multidimensional knapsacks with family‐split penalties
Authors: Mancini Simona , Meloni Carlo , Ciavotta Michele
Published: September 2022

The optimization of Multidimensional Knapsacks with Family‐Split Penalties has been introduced in the literature as a variant of the more classical Multidimensional Knapsack and Multi‐Knapsack problems. This problem deals with a set of items partitioned in families, and when a single item is picked to maximize the utility, then all items in its family must be picked. Items from the same family can be assigned to different knapsacks, and in this situation split penalties are paid. This problem arises in real applications in various fields. This paper proposes a new exact and fast algorithm based on a specific Combinatorial Benders Cuts scheme. An extensive experimental campaign computationally shows the validity of the proposed method and its superior performance compared to both commercial solvers and state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The paper also addresses algorithmic flexibility and scalability issues, investigates challenging cases, and analyzes the impact of problem parameters on the algorithm behavior. Moreover, it shows the applicability of the proposed approach to a wider class of realistic problems, including fixed costs related to each knapsack utilization. Finally, further possible research directions are considered.
Incidence, prevalence, and potential risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration: A retrospective review at a multidisciplinary centre in Barbados
Authors: Lovell Laura , Dunkley Alison , Webb David , Jarvis Janet , Gillies Clare
Published: September 2022

Objective

Diabetes and lower extremity amputation rates in Barbados are among some of the highest globally, with peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease found to be independent risk factors for this population. Despite this, there is currently a lack of research evidence on rates of diabetic foot ulceration, which has amputation as its sequela. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence rates of active ulceration in a population of people with diabetes in Barbados. Secondly, we explored the risk factors for new/recurrent ulceration.

Research Design and Methods

Data were extracted from the electronic medical records for the period January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 for a retrospective cross‐sectional study for patients of a publicly‐funded diabetes management programme. Eligible records included people aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes. Potential risk factors were explored using univariable logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 225 patients were included in the study (96% type 2 diabetes, 70.7% female, 98.7% Black Caribbean). The 1‐year period prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration was 14.7% (confidence interval [CI]: 10.5, 20.1). Incidence of ulceration in the same period was 4.4% (CI: 4.4, 4.5). Risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulceration included: retinopathy (OR 3.85, CI: 1.24, 11.93), chronic kidney disease (OR 9.86, CI: 1.31, 74.22), aspirin use (OR 3.326, CI: 1.02, 10.85), and clopidogrel use (OR 3.13, CI: 1.47, 6.68).

Conclusion

This study provided some insight into potential risk factors for foot ulceration in this population, which previous studies have shown to have higher rates of lower extremity amputations. Further research in this understudied group through a larger prospective cohort would allow more meaningful associations with risk factors and would be useful for the creation of risk prediction models.
How plants conquered land: evolution of terrestrial adaptation
Authors: Kapoor Bhuvnesh , Kumar Pankaj , Verma Vipasha , Irfan Mohammad , Sharma Rajnish , Bhargava Bhavya
Published: September 2022

The transition of plants from water to land is considered one of the most significant events in the evolution of life on Earth. The colonization of land by plants, accompanied by their morphological, physiological and developmental changes, resulted in plant biodiversity. Besides significantly influencing oxygen levels in the air and on land, plants manufacture organic matter from CO2 and water with the help of sunlight, paving the way for the diversification of nonplant lineages ranging from microscopic organisms to animals. Land plants regulate the climate by adjusting total biomass and energy flow. At the genetic level, these innovations are achieved through the rearrangement of pre‐existing genetic information. Advances in genome sequencing technology are revamping our understanding of plant evolution. This study highlights the morphological and genomic innovations that allow plants to integrate life on Earth.
Cracks in the foundation: The experience of care aides in long‐term care homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Titley Heather K. , Young Sandra , Savage Amber , Thorne Trina , Spiers Jude , Estabrooks Carole A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Care aides (certified nursing assistants, personal support workers) are the largest workforce in long‐term care (LTC) homes (nursing homes). They provide as much as 90% of direct care to residents. Their health and well‐being directly affect both quality of care and quality of life for residents. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on care aides working in LTC homes during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with a convenience sample of 52 care aides from 8 LTC homes in Alberta and one in British Columbia, Canada, between January and April 2021. Nursing homes were purposively selected across: (1) ownership model and (2) COVID impact (the rate of COVID infections reported from March to December 2020). Interviews were recorded and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Care aides were mainly female (94%) and older (74% aged 40 years or older). Most spoke English as an additional language (76%), 54% worked full‐time in LTC homes, and 37% worked multiple positions before “one worksite policies” were implemented. Two themes emerged from our analysis: (1) Care aides experienced mental and emotional distress from enforcing resident isolation, grief related to resident deaths, fear of contracting and spreading COVID‐19, increased workload combined with staffing shortages, and rapidly changing policies. (2) Care aides' resilience was supported by their strong relationships, faith and community, and capacity to maintain positive attitudes.

Conclusions

These findings suggest significant, ongoing adverse effects for care aides in LTC homes from working through the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our data demonstrate the considerable strength of this occupational group. Our results emphasize the urgent need to appropriately and meaningfully support care aides' mental health and well‐being and adequately resource this workforce. We recommend improved policy guidelines and interventions.
René Maunier (1915), Les idées sociologiques d’un philosophe arabe/The sociological ideas of an Arab philosopher in the 14th century
Authors: Dufoix Stéphane
Published: September 2022

René Maunier (1887‐1951) is usually considered to be the “founder” of “colonial sociology” in France. Much closer to the anthropologist Marcel Mauss than to the latter's uncle, Emile Durkheim, Maunier's academic career was largely connected to Arab countries like Egypt, and Algeria in particular, where he would teach for more than twenty years. Maunier's inclusion of Ibn Khaldûn into the history of sociology needs to be understood in line with the fact that at the time this article was published, the young Egyptian student Taha Hussein was beginning a thesis in France under the joint supervision of Durkheim and of the orientalist Paul Casanova. Defended in January 1918, three months after Durkheim's death, it was entitled Etude analytique et critique de la philosophie sociale d'Ibn Khaldoun (Analytic and critical study of Ibn Khaldoun's social philosophy).
Association between lack of dental service utilisation and caregiver‐reported caries in Australian Indigenous children: A national survey
Authors: Toh Jia R , Wooi Nadine , Tan Si N , Wong Kingsley , Lopez‐Silva Claudia , Zafar Sobia
Published: September 2022

Aim

To investigate the association between the lack of dental service utilisation and dental caries in Australian Indigenous children.

Methods

Data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, which is a longitudinal population‐based cross‐sectional study in Australia were analysed. A total of 1258 children were included, consisting of the baby cohort and the child cohort at Wave 7. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between caregiver‐reported child dental caries and dental service utilisation. Multiple imputation using the fully conditional specifications approach was used to account for missing data.

Results

Around one tenth (12.3%) of Indigenous children did not see a dentist when required. Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver‐reported dental caries (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.8) and teeth removed due to dental caries (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.7). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders (caregiver‐reported dental caries OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–3.8; teeth removed due to dental caries OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0–4.4). The reasons reported for not utilising dental services when required were the lack of an available dentist (31.4%), difficulties with physical access (19.8%), long waiting times (13.9%), financial issues with cost (5.8%) and feeling that ‘they could cope’ (4.6%).

Conclusions

Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with dental caries and extraction due to caries in Australian Indigenous children.
Water quality, waste production, and off‐flavor characterization in a depuration system stocked with market‐size Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Davidson John , Redman Natalie , Crouse Curtis , Vinci Brian
Published: September 2022

Land‐based Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, grow‐out facilities utilize depuration to remediate off‐flavor. Water used in this process is either discharged or repurposed as supply water in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Both approaches require an understanding of water quality and waste production for water treatment decisions and compliance with pollution discharge standards; however, these data were lacking. Therefore, a study was carried out to characterize these parameters. To begin, 311 salmon (5–6 kg) originally cultured in freshwater RAS were stocked at 100 kg/m3 in an 18 m3 depuration tank. Feed was withheld 1 day before transfer and throughout the 7‐day study period. Hours after stocking, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels spiked, and concentrations declined thereafter. Delta TSS and TP were negligible by the end of the trial; however, TAN plateaued, indicating that salmon began to catabolize somatic tissue in the absence of feeding. Geosmin and 2‐methylisoboreol levels in water and fish were low throughout the study. This research indicates that residual waste production occurs while depurating Atlantic salmon. Procedural refinements and recommendations were gleaned including locality for introducing depuration system water within RAS and extension of the feed withholding period before depuration.
MAFLD: A quick fact check
Authors: Méndez‐Sánchez Nahum , Fan Jian‐Gao , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Girala Marcos
Published: September 2022

Metabolic (dysfunction)‐associated fatty liver disease has taken importance during the last two years, given the new criteria for diagnosis compared to the previous criteria used to define non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Multiple studies have also shown that this definition better adjusts to the pathogenesis and patient characteristics with fatty liver.
Genomic analysis of a reef‐building coral, Acropora digitifera, reveals complex population structure and a migration network in the Nansei Islands, Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Kojin , Zayasu Yuna , Nakajima Yuichi , Arakaki Nana , Suzuki Go , Satoh Noriyuki , Shinzato Chuya
Published: September 2022

Understanding the structure and connectivity of coral populations is fundamental for developing marine conservation policies, especially in patchy environments such as archipelagos. The Nansei Islands, extending more than 1000 km in southwestern Japan, are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and endemism, supported by coral reefs, which make this region ideal for assessing genetic attributes of coral populations. In this study, we conducted population genomic analyses based on genome‐wide, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Acropora digitifera, a common species in the Nansei Islands. By merging newly obtained genome resequencing data with previously published data, we identified more than 4 million genome‐wide SNPs in 303 colonies collected at 22 locations, with sequencing coverage ranging from 3.91× to 27.41×. While population structure analyses revealed genetic similarities between the southernmost and northernmost locations, separated by >1000 km, several subpopulations in intermediate locations suggested limited genetic admixture, indicating conflicting migration tendencies in the Nansei Islands. Although migration networks revealed a general tendency of northward migration along the Kuroshio Current, a substantial amount of southward migration was also detected, indicating important contributions of minor ocean currents to coral larval dispersal. Moreover, heterogeneity in the transition of effective population sizes among locations suggests different histories for individual subpopulations. The unexpected complexity of both past and present population dynamics in the Nansei Islands implies that heterogeneity of ocean currents and local environments, past and present, have influenced the population structure of this species, and similar unexpected population complexities may be expected for other marine species with similar reproductive modes.
Symptoms and health experience in irritable bowel syndrome with focus on men
Authors: Bureychak Tetyana , Faresjö Åshild , Sjödahl Jenny , Norlin Anna‐Karin , Walter Susanna
Published: September 2022

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with a predominance in women; IBS in men is less studied. The present study evaluated symptoms as well as health and social experiences of men with IBS.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 293 patients with IBS (64 men) and 363 non‐IBS controls (62 men). Gastrointestinal symptom diaries were filled in prospectively, and data on comorbidities and healthcare‐seeking behavior were assessed by questionnaires. Men with IBS were compared with men without IBS and women with IBS.

Key results

Compared with women with IBS, men with IBS had fewer contacts with the healthcare system, fewer psychiatric comorbidities, fewer sleeping problems, and less chronic pain. Urgency to defecate and nausea were less common, and stool frequency was higher in men with IBS. There was no difference between men with and without IBS in terms of educational level, satisfaction with household economy, or living with a partner. In contrast, women with IBS more often lived alone, were more often dissatisfied with household economy, and had a lower educational level than women without IBS. Men with IBS had the same proportion of full‐time employment as men without IBS but in contrast, the proportion of women with IBS in full‐time employment was only 34%, compared to 50% of the women without IBS.

Conclusion and inferences

The present study improves the understanding of men's experiences of IBS and suggests that sex and gender may be integrated into the biopsychosocial model of IBS.
Cone‐setting in spruce is regulated by conserved elements of the age‐dependent flowering pathway
Authors: Akhter Shirin , Westrin Karl Johan , Zivi Nathan , Nordal Veronika , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Delhomme Nicolas , Street Nathaniel R. , Nilsson Ove , Emanuelsson Olof , Sundström Jens F.
Published: September 2022

Reproductive phase change is well characterized in angiosperm model species, but less studied in gymnosperms. We utilize the early cone‐setting acrocona mutant to study reproductive phase change in the conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce), a gymnosperm. The acrocona mutant frequently initiates cone‐like structures, called transition shoots, in positions where wild‐type P. abies always produces vegetative shoots.

We collect acrocona and wild‐type samples, and RNA‐sequence their messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) fractions. We establish gene expression patterns and then use allele‐specific transcript assembly to identify mutations in acrocona. We genotype a segregating population of inbred acrocona trees.

A member of the SQUAMOSA BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) gene family, PaSPL1, is active in reproductive meristems, whereas two putative negative regulators of PaSPL1, miRNA156 and the conifer specific miRNA529, are upregulated in vegetative and transition shoot meristems. We identify a mutation in a putative miRNA156/529 binding site of the acrocona PaSPL1 allele and show that the mutation renders the acrocona allele tolerant to these miRNAs. We show co‐segregation between the early cone‐setting phenotype and trees homozygous for the acrocona mutation.

In conclusion, we demonstrate evolutionary conservation of the age‐dependent flowering pathway and involvement of this pathway in regulating reproductive phase change in the conifer P. abies.
Accurate tumor clonal structures require single‐cell analysis
Authors: Su Xianbin , Bai Shihao , Xie Gangcai , Shi Yi , Zhao Linan , Yang Guoliang , Tian Futong , He Kun‐Yan , Wang Lan , Li Xiaolin , Long Qi , Han Ze‐Guang
Published: September 2022

Tumor clonal structure is closely related to future progression, which has been mainly investigated as mutation abundance clustering in bulk samples. With relatively limited studies at single‐cell resolution, a systematic comparison of the two approaches is still lacking. Here, using bulk and single‐cell mutational data from the liver and colorectal cancers, we checked whether co‐mutations determined by single‐cell analysis had corresponding bulk variant allele frequency (VAF) peaks. While bulk analysis suggested the absence of subclonal peaks and, possibly, neutral evolution in some cases, the single‐cell analysis identified coexisting subclones. The overlaps of bulk VAF ranges for co‐mutations from different subclones made it difficult to separate them. Complex subclonal structures and dynamic evolution could be hidden under the seemingly clonal neutral pattern at the bulk level, suggesting single‐cell analysis is necessary to avoid underestimation of tumor heterogeneity.
Effects of periodontal ligament stem cell‐derived exosomes on osteoblastic proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways
Authors: Lan Qian , Xiao Xin , Bi Xueting , Gu Yangcong , Ai Yilong
Published: September 2022

Objective

Periodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone injury and absorption, with high incidence and poor treatment effect. Proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts are identified as key factors during the regeneration of alveolar bone tissue processes. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been proved to be a possible candidate for the treatment of periodontitis due to its multiple advantages, such as increasing the regenerative capacity of bone tissue. However, the effect of exosomes derived from PDLSCs (PDLSC‐Exo) on osteoblasts remains to be further studied.

Methods and Materials

In this work, cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and H2O2‐induced apoptosis were detected after cells were exposed to PDLSC‐Exo by CCK‐8, scratch wound assay, alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase staining, real‐time PCR, flow cytometry, tunel assay, and so on. Moreover, the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways was evaluated by western blotting.

Results

We found that PDLSC‐Exo are capable of promoting hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, inhibiting H2O2‐induced apoptosis, and activating the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways.

Conclusion

These results suggest that PDLSC‐Exo may be a promising therapeutic for osteoblastic damage.
Glycerol strengthens probiotic effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in oral biofilms: A synergistic synbiotic approach
Authors: Van Holm Wannes , Verspecht Tim , Carvalho Rita , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Zayed Naiera , Teughels Wim
Published: September 2022

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri can improve oral health. Limosilactobacillus reuteri species are known to produce the antimicrobial “reuterin” from glycerol. In order to further increase its antimicrobial activity, this study evaluated the effect of the combined use of glycerol and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (ATCC PTA 5289) in view of using a synergistic synbiotic over a probiotic. An antagonistic agar growth and a multispecies biofilm model showed that the antimicrobial potential of the probiotic was significantly enhanced against periodontal pathobionts and anaerobic commensals when supplemented with glycerol. Synbiotic biofilms also showed a significant reduction in inflammatory expression of human oral keratinocytes (HOK‐18A), but only when the keratinocytes were preincubated with the probiotic. Probiotic preincubation of keratinocytes or probiotic and synbiotic treatment of biofilms alone was insufficient to significantly reduce inflammatory expression. Overall, this study shows that combining glycerol with the probiotic L. reuteri into a synergistic synbiotic can greatly improve the effectiveness of the latter.
Morphological Changes of Medial Epicondyle‐Olecranon Ligament and Ulnar Nerve in the Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: An Ultrasonic Study
Authors: Duan Xiao‐yuan , Xu Bin , Ma Jian‐xiong , Gong Ke‐tong , Yuan Yu , Gao Jin‐mei , Ma Xin‐long
Published: September 2022

Objective

Few studies have performed detailed ultrasound measurements of medial epicondyle‐olecranon (MEO) ligament that cause the entrapment of ulnar nerve. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate dynamic ultrasonographic characteristics of MEO ligament and ulnar nerve for clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS).

Methods

Thirty CuTS patients (CuTS group) and sixteen healthy volunteers (control group) who underwent ultrasound scanning from October 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected, with 30 elbows in each group. Primary outcomes were thickness at six points, length and width of MEO ligament. Secondary outcomes were thickness of ulnar nerve under MEO ligament at seven parts and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of ulnar nerve at proximal end of MEO ligament (P0 mm). The thickness of MEO ligament and ulnar nerve in different points of each group was compared by one‐way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni post hoc test, other outcomes were compared between two elbow positions or two groups using independent‐samples t test.

Results

Thickness of MEO ligament in CuTS group at epicondyle end, midpoint in transverse view, olecranon end, proximal end, midpoint in axial view, and distal end was 0.67 ± 0.31, 0.37 ± 0.18, 0.89 ± 0.35, 0.39 ± 0.21, 0.51 ± 0.38, 0.36 ± 0.25 at elbow extension, 0.68 ± 0.34, 0.38 ± 0.27, 0.77 ± 0.39, 0.32 ± 0.20, 0.48 ± 0.22, 0.32 ± 0.12 (mm) at elbow flexion, respectively. Compared with control group, they were significantly thickened except for proximal end at elbow flexion. MEO ligament thickness at epicondyle end and olecranon end was significantly larger than midpoint in two groups. No significant difference was found in length and width of MEO ligament among different comparisons. Ulnar nerve thickness at 5 mm proximal to MEO ligament (P5 mm, 3.25 ± 0.66 mm) was significantly increased than midpoint of MEO ligament (Mid), distal end of MEO ligament (D0 mm), 5 mm (D5 mm), 10 mm (D10 mm) distal to MEO ligament at extension in CuTS group. Compared with control group, ulnar nerve thickness at P5 mm in CuTS group was significantly increased at extension position, at D5 mm and D10 mm was significantly decreased at flexion position. CSA of ulnar nerve at extension position (14.44 ± 4.65 mm2) was significantly larger than flexion position (11.83 ± 3.66 mm2) in CuTS group, and CuTS group was significantly larger than control group at two positions.

Conclusions

MEO ligament in CuTS patients was thickened, which compressed ulnar nerve and caused its proximal end swelling. Ultrasonic image of MEO ligament thickness was a significant indicator for CuTS and can guide surgeons in selecting the appropriate treatment.
Endocardial ablation at the mitral valve vestibule and its surroundings for the treatment of arrhythmias linked to the greater cardiac vasculature
Authors: Nageh Maged F. , Tang Stephen
Published: September 2022

Background

The role of the epicardial vasculature in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was described in clinical studies as well as its treatment by intravascular point ablation or alcohol injection. We report on a case series of patients with different arrhythmias linked to an epicardial site of origin with evidence supporting transmural extensions that were targeted for ablation with successful outcomes.

Methods

The records of patients who has catheter ablation for Supraventricular or Ventricular arrhythmias between 2015 and 2020 was searched for patients with (1) arrhythmias linked to the epicardial vasculature and (2) findings to support an endocardial connection to the epicardial vasculature by activation mapping, pace mapping, or differential pacing, and (3) were successfully ablated via an endocardial approach only.

Results

From the data searched, we identified five patients with the following arrhythmias left ventricular summit ectopy, peri‐mitral atrial flutter, preexcitation with inducible atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT), and a concealed left side accessory pathway with inducible AVRT that were linked to the following vessels: Great Cardiac vein, persistent left superior vena cava, left coronary cusp, and left ventricular outflow tract. Endocardial connections were supported by a combination of electro anatomical activation mapping, pace‐mapping, and differential pacing. Endocardial ablations performed in all patients were successful without complications.

Conclusion

This report highlights a subset of patients with arrhythmias linked to the greater cardiac vascular system that can be safely and effectively ablated endocardially, given the limitations and possible complications of epicardial ablation within or in the proximity of the epicardial vasculature.
Affectionate communication, health, and relationships
Authors: Floyd Kory , Debrot Anik , Horan Sean M. , Hesse Colin , Woo Nathan T.
Published: September 2022

A robust body of research attests to the mental and physical health correlates and consequences of affectionate communication. Like much research on personal relationships, however, this work may overrepresent certain portions of the population, may underrepresent others, and may not effectively account for intersections of identities. We define intersectionality as comprising the unique effects of two or more social identities interacting with each other. To assess this literature with an eye toward intersectionality and representation, the present article reports a systematic review of 86 individual empirical studies representing 26,013 participants. The review concludes that there is no explicit or implicit attention to intersectionality in the existing research on affectionate communication and health, and that U.S. Americans, women, younger individuals, white individuals, and students are overrepresented in research samples. The review ends with future directions to encourage more inclusive research on this topic.
Expanding the boundaries of the discipline: The 30th‐anniversary issue of Production and Operations Management
Authors: Kumar Subodha , Tang Christopher S.
Published: September 2022

Since the inaugural issue published in 1992, Production and Operations Management has grown phenomenally in terms of the number of submissions and publications and journal impact factor. In this 30th‐anniversary issue of the journal, contributing authors examine the past and the future of operations management (OM) research, addressing emerging issues arising from innovations, sustainability, social responsibility, technology management, healthcare management, cybersecurity, and retail operations. This special issue includes a collection of papers intended to provide innovative ideas for readers to address new OM challenges in the future.
Failures in the communication of risk: Decisions and numeracy
Authors: Bolton Gary E. , Katok Elena , Stangl Tobias
Published: September 2022

Forecast uncertainty, typically measured quantitatively, raises questions of how best to communicate the forecast to a public with diverse numeracy skills. Here, we report an experiment examining how the numeracy of decision makers relates to the efficacy of forecast information provided in two alternative mechanisms to decision makers facing a loss event. The uncertainty mechanism states the probability of the loss event. The recommendation mechanism directly advises on which decision to take. We find that probabilities are better at inducing preventative action than are recommendations, even among those who score low on numeracy. Those who score high on numeracy use probabilities somewhat more effectively than do those who score low. But recommendations exhibit a greater trust problem that is most pronounced among those who score low on numeracy.
Perception‐action integration during inhibitory control is reflected in a concomitant multi‐region processing of specific codes in the neurophysiological signal
Authors: Gholamipourbarogh Negin , Prochnow Astrid , Frings Christian , Münchau Alexander , Mückschel Moritz , Beste Christian
Published: September 2022

The integration of perception and action has long been studied in psychological science using overarching cognitive frameworks. Despite these being very successful in explaining perception‐action integration, little is known about its neurophysiological and especially the functional neuroanatomical foundations. It is unknown whether distinct brain structures are simultaneously involved in the processing of perception‐action integration codes and also to what extent demands on perception‐action integration modulate activities in these structures. We investigate these questions in an EEG study integrating temporal and ICA‐based EEG signal decomposition with source localization. For this purpose, we used data from 32 healthy participants who performed a ‘TEC Go/Nogo’ task. We show that the EEG signal can be decomposed into components carrying different informational aspects or processing codes relevant for perception‐action integration. Importantly, these specific codes are processed independently in different brain structures, and their specific roles during the processing of perception‐action integration differ. Some regions (i.e., the anterior cingulate and insular cortex) take a ‘default role’ because these are not modulated in their activity by demands or the complexity of event file coding processes. In contrast, regions in the motor cortex, middle frontal, temporal, and superior parietal cortices were not activated by ‘default’ but revealed modulations depending on the complexity of perception‐action integration (i.e., whether an event file has to be reconfigured). Perception‐action integration thus reflects a multi‐region processing of specific fractions of information in the neurophysiological signal. This needs to be taken into account when further developing a cognitive science framework detailing perception‐action integration.
‘You have to keep it going’: Relational values and social sustainability in upland agriculture
Authors: McCarthy Jack , Meredith David , Bonnin Christine
Published: September 2022

A transition to a more sustainable food production system in Europe has significant implications for the social constitution of rural spaces. Moreover, research has highlighted that engagement with sustainability initiatives can be affected by people's desire to maintain aspects of their current social realities pertaining to occupations, traditions and lifestyles. Farmers are central to a sustainable agricultural transition, yet are also socially embedded in the spaces that are targeted for transformation. This article engages with this dilemma through an exploration of farmer values in an upland farming area in Ireland. Specifically, we draw on qualitative case‐study data to explore how farmers value their occupation, lifestyles and social structures in terms of the relationships in which they operate. We highlight a range of dimensions through which case‐study farmers value farming—especially as autonomous, outdoor work—in terms of tacit skills and knowledge, familial legacies and certain forms of social organisation. Conceptually, this article builds on calls from within social sustainability scholarship to engage with social aspects of sustainable development. We develop and deploy a relational values analytic framework, which offers a simple yet effective lens for exploring farmer values in terms of the relationships through which they are generated and articulated. Through this framework, we explore how different individuals value their farming occupations and lifestyles. Moreover, by focusing on the relational dimension, we tease out the multiple and sometimes conflicting values that individuals navigate in relation to their farming occupations. We conclude that this kind of approach could enhance understanding of farmer engagement with (or resistance to) sustainable agriculture initiatives.
Improving causal inference of mediation analysis with multiple mediators using interventional indirect effects
Authors: Loh Wen Wei , Ren Dongning
Published: September 2022

Mediation analysis is indispensable for investigating how a treatment causally affects an outcome via intervening variables. Existing discussions on the validity of causal inference drawn from mediation analysis have prioritized single mediator settings. In this article, we focus on improving causal inference when investigating multiple mediators. We pay particular attention to the prevalent practice of exploring mediated effects along various paths linking several mediators. Such approaches are fraught with stringent—yet often overlooked—causal assumptions that predicate valid inference of indirect or mediated effects. To mitigate the risk of incorrect inference, we introduce a conceptually and substantively novel approach from the causal inference literature: interventional indirect effects. Interventional indirect effects focus on the contributions of each distinct mediator to the treatment effect on the outcome. An appealing feature of this approach is that valid causal inference of mediation analysis with multiple mediators can be attained without assuming a (correct) causal structure among the mediators. Using a social psychology experiment as a running example, we illustrate how researchers can readily estimate and interpret the proposed interventional effects in practice. We hope this article will encourage explaining and substantiating the causal assumptions underpinning mediation analysis with multiple mediators to fortify causal inference in psychology research.
Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of conjunctival and intraocular bacteria in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification following a standardized aseptic preparation with 0.5% povidone iodine
Authors: Coall Sarah M. , Groth Allyson D. , White Joanna , Crowe Yvette C. , Billson Francis M. , Premont Johana E.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate bacterial contamination of conjunctiva and aqueous humor in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification following asepsis with 0.5% povidone iodine and determine the influence of intravenous antibiotics on outcome of contamination.

Methods

Client‐owned dogs were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group, receiving 22 mg/kg intravenous cefazolin at induction prior to sampling, or experimental group receiving no antibiotic prior to sampling, masked to the surgeon. Dogs receiving antimicrobials in the pre‐operative period were excluded. Asepsis was performed on all operated eyes using 0.5% iodine with minimum 3 min contact time at induction of anesthesia and repeated before surgery. A conjunctival swab and aqueous humor sample were collected prior to incision and following incision closure, respectively. Samples were submitted for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture and susceptibility.

Results

Seventy‐one eyes of 42 dogs were included. Median age was 9 years. Thirty‐nine and 32/71 eyes received intravenous cefazolin and no antibiotic, respectively. Median procedure time was 40 min per eye. Conjunctival cultures were positive in 6 eyes (8.5%):Serratia marcescens(5 eyes) andCutibacterium acnes(1 eye). Aqueous humor cultures were positive in 5 eyes (7.0%):S. marcescens(2 eyes),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(2 eyes),Staphylococcus pseudointermedius(1 eye). Prevalence of positive culture did not differ between groups (p = .74), order of eyes for bilateral procedures (p = .74) and diabetic status (p = 1).

Conclusions

Bacterial contamination of the conjunctiva and aqueous humor was present in 8.5% and 7.0% of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification after asepsis. Lack of IV cefazolin was not significantly associated with positive culture.
Recommendation Algorithm in TikTok: Strengths, Dilemmas, and Possible Directions
Authors: Wang Pengda
Published: September 2022

Recommendation algorithms are reshaping the ecology of digital video-sharing platforms and users' media usage behaviors. TikTok's recommender system is widely considered to be an outstanding representative among them. Although a large amount of research has been conducted in relation to TikTok, most of these studies pay attention to content analysis, platform features study, user behavior examination and technical aspects of platform algorithm. However, there is markedly less research into TikTok’s recommendation algorithm as well as relevant theoretical and empirical support for this. Based on a slightly simplified variant of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines (Page et al., 2021), this paper reviews the literature on the use of recommendation algorithm in TikTok, aiming to serve as a brief primer to answer the strengths and dilemmas of the adoption of recommendation algorithm on the TikTok platform, and to propose possible directions for short-form mobile video platforms.
Health literacy and self-management in people with coronary heart disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mares Maria A. , Maneze Della , Elmir Rakime , Salamonson Yenna , Everett Bronwyn
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of the review is to assess the association between health literacy levels and self-management behaviors in people with coronary heart disease.

Introduction:

Initiating and maintaining self-management behaviors following a coronary event can be challenging. The capacity to initiate behavioral changes requires adequate health literacy, which is the ability to understand and use health care information to make appropriate health decisions.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies including individuals at any age who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Studies that used a standardized measure of health literacy with the primary outcome of self-management behaviors or an element of self-management (eg, medication adherence) will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:

The review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Databases to be searched include CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey. This will be followed by a forward and backward search of relevant articles. Cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and mixed methods studies (quantitative component only) will be included. Studies will be screened by 2 independent reviewers and undergo a critical appraisal process. Included studies will be assessed for methodological quality, and data will be extracted using a JBI data extraction tool in the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis and, where possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021257407
Knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Adombire Stephen , Puts Martine , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa M. , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Cranley Lisa
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the evidence reporting the knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction:

Evidence-based practice aims to improve health care quality, safety, and health system efficiency. Numerous research studies have explored nurses’ engagement in evidence-based practice in high-income countries. Developing nations have recently joined the evidence-based practice movement, and primary research about nurses’ engagement with it are emerging.

Inclusion criteria:

The scoping review will include primary studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) and gray literature addressing knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses. Participants will include registered nurses working in low- and middle-income countries. Studies conducted in all health care settings, including acute and community settings, in low- and middle-income countries will be included.

Methods:

We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, JBI Evidence-based Practice Database, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and AIM. Gray literature will be sourced from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar for primary studies. Studies published in the English language will be included, with no limit on publication date. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles will be assessed against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. The extracted data will be analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and counts. Textual data from qualitative studies will be analyzed using descriptive content analysis. Results of the data analysis will be presented using graphs, tables, and a narrative format.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hau5y).
Experiences and perceptions of health care professionals making treatment decisions for older adults with memory loss: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Shapkin Kimberly , MacKinnon Karen , Sangster-Gormley Esther , Newton Lorelei , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to critically analyze and synthesize the experiences and perceptions of health care professionals making decisions that result in treatment recommendations for older adults living with memory loss who are experiencing health problems.

Introduction:

Health care professionals provide care to older adults living with memory loss and other coexisting health conditions across all clinical settings. Older adults living with memory loss most commonly experience impaired independent decision-making, which can challenge health care professionals when decisions about treatment need to be made. These challenges contribute to older adults with memory loss receiving inappropriate treatment and experiencing higher morbidity than those without memory loss. To date, existing reviews have not focused on the experiences and perceptions of health care professionals who are making treatment decisions when older adults living with memory loss experience health problems. A deeper exploration of this evidence is needed to understand health care professionals’ experiences and perceptions of treatment decision-making to support the goal of improving care for older adults.

Inclusion criteria:

This systematic review will consider studies across all clinical settings focused on the experiences and perceptions of health care professionals making treatment decisions for older adults with memory loss who are experiencing health problems.

Methods:

We will conduct a comprehensive systematic search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Two reviewers will independently appraise the selected studies and extract qualitative data using the recommended JBI method for study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis. The ConQual approach will be applied to provide a level of confidence for the review findings.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021271485
Exploring current nutritional programming and resources available to people living with HIV/AIDs in Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mannette Jessica , Zhang Yingying , Rothfus Melissa , Purdy Chelsey , Tesfatsion Winta , Lynch Mary , Hamilton-Hinch Barb , Williams Patricia , Joy Phillip , Grant Shannan
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the current literature and resources available on nutrition and foods programming for people living with HIV/AIDS in Canada. This review is phase one of a four-phase, provincially funded project called FoodNOW (Food to eNhance Our Wellness) focused on nutritional assessment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Introduction:

People living with HIV/AIDS may experience nutritional challenges, including food insecurity and nutrition-drug interactions. Nutritional programming is required for optimal care for people living with HIV/AIDS, however, there is a lack of information within the literature about current nutrition and foods programming in Canada. This proposed review will investigate available programming and gaps.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider literature focused on nutrition and food programming and resources in Canada for people living with HIV/AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS of any age, sex, race, gender identity, or sexual orientation, including pregnant and lactating people living with HIV/AIDS, will be included as population of interest.

Methods:

The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), Social Services Abstracts (ProQuest), and Scopus (Elsevier). Types of gray literature eligible for review include reports from service providers and online public newspaper articles written by, with, or about people living with HIV/AIDS. Two independent reviewers will assess each study and any conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Results will be presented in a tabular or diagrammatic form, with a narrative summary.