bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DAUGAVA (ZAPADNAJA DVINA) ZOOPLANKTON FROM SUROZHA (BELARUS) TO DUNAVA (LATVIA)
Authors: Deksne Rasma , Škute Artūrs , Škute Renāte
Published: August 2015

The research has been done on qualitative and quantitative composition of zooplankton in the Daugava between Suroza and Dunava. The investigation was carried out in July – August 2008. The collection of samples was done using the net with 65µ mesh. For analysing the abundance of zooplankton method APHA 10200 was applied. Samples from 21 places were analysed assembling from the right side, left side and midchannel of the river. Species Rotatoria, Cladocera and Copepoda were found and zooplankton communities and diversity of species in the Daugava left side, right side and midchannel were compared taking into account the factors affecting them.
INFORMATICS SUBJECTS’ CONNECTION WITH TEACHABLE SPECIALTY IN LATVIA AND WORLD
Authors: Elers Gustavs , Kantāne Ināra , Vītiņš Māris , Rasnačs Oskars , Kostjukova Solvita
Published: August 2015

The question is solved in the article what to evaluate connection with specialty of the subjects of informatics. The course descriptions are given in the internet. The authors offer variant what evaluate course descriptions by 3 score system. The lecturers’ produced materials show more demonstrative connection with specialty. The authors show what we need regard evaluating and offer evaluation methodic by 5 score system. The criterions are offered what to evaluate if methodic works right. The viewpoint based with research between students.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE SŁUPIA RIVER (POLAND)
Authors: Jarosiewicz Anna
Published: August 2015

The objective of this paper was to present the water quality changes of the one of Polish rivers - Słupia River, located in the Pomeranian Region. The Słupia River receives pollutants derived from non-point and point sources of pollution. This is due to the agricultural and forested character of the river’s basin and the location of the towns of Słupsk and Ustka on the river. The elaboration covers the period from 1988 to 2007 and is based on hydrological data, completed as a part of surface water monitoring programme run by the Inspectorate for Environment Protection and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The changes of physicochemical properties of Słupia River i.e. phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, BOD5, and amounts of heavy metals were studied. Presented data, showed that the Słupia River has responded to a major nutrient loading reduction. The current concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus form in river allows qualifying the water to first quality class.
EFFECT OF THE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON RUNOFF FROM THE LAKE ONEGO WATERSHED
Authors: Nazarova L. E.
Published: August 2015

As a result of the statistical analysis of the meteorological and water balance data for Onego Lake watershed over the period 1950-2000, noticeable changes were detected. It was found that time series of annual air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration over 50-year period contains positive linear trends, but no change in total streamflow to the lake has so far followed. Potential changes in the regional climate and hydrological regime for the period 2000-2050 were estimated using the results of numerical modeling with the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model for two scenarios of the global climate change. The estimation of these data shows that a general tendency to increase of annual air temperature and precipitation will remain in the new climate Mean annual precipitation will increase about 30-50 mm, mean average annual air temperature for the next 50-years period will rise from 1.6 up to 2.7-3.0 °C. Our estimation shows that for both scenarios all water balance parameters, excluding river runoff, will increase.
USE OF “CATERPILLAR” – SSA METHOD FOR ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Authors: Polukoshko Svetlana , Hofmanis Janis
Published: August 2015

This paper deals with the Caterpillar»-SSA method, a novel and powerful model-free method of time series analysis and forecasting. Alongside with signal processing this method is successfully used to study the time series in many various areas: in meteorology, hydrology, sociology, economics, traffic analysis, wherever the trend or periodic behavior can present. Examples of application of the Caterpillar”-SSA technique for analysis of one-dimensional time series in Latvian economics are presented in this work. We solve the task of analysis and forecasting of following time series: agricultural crop yield, milk production and purchase, number of road traffic accidents and number of registered road vehicles, electricity consumption. The application of Caterpillar»-SSA approach in geotechnical investigation for processing of data of the static penetration test of soils are offered. This method combines the advantage of many other methods, in particular, Fourier analysis and regressive analysis. At the same time it is noted for simplicity and clearness.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TREATMENT METHODS ON MICROBIAL GROWTH IN WATER
Authors: Reimanis Madars , Ozoliņš Jurijs , Mālers Juris , Nikolajeva Vizma
Published: August 2015

Use of the TinO2n-1 electrode for water electrolysis process promotes the destruction of organic matter as shown by the changes in permanganate index different values of electrolysed and non electrolysed solution. Using the TinO2n-1 electrode in the electrolysis process with the presence of chlorine and bromine ions can create a lasting disinfectant effect that was demonstrated by the sharp decrease in the number of bacterial colony forming units in electrolysed solutions. Using the TinO2n-1 electrode in the electrolysis process with the presence of iodine ions can create a bacteriostatic effect which was maintained for at least 10 days in electrolysed solutions
DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES (CRASSULACEAE) IN THE DAUGAVPILS CITY (LATVIA)
Authors: Rutkovska Santa , Zeiļa Ingūna
Published: August 2015

The problem of invasive plant species is becoming more popular all over the world. The peculiarities of alien plant species is also growing in Latvia every year. Invasive species are the serious problem for natural ecosystem and species protection, in traditional landscape visual conservation as well it shows noticeable economical reducing in farming. Existing flora and its structure was as appearing in approximately 10 000-15 000 years after the last examining. It is still developing, quantitative and qualitative plant changes continue to grow in flora. That has an influence on natural narrowing, distribution and species changes. In Latvia, as well in such city as Daugavpils, such questions as alien plant growing were examined only in some fragments. An alien plant growing was analyzed. The following facts are found the biggest plant concentration is noticed in dry and sunny places well near the artificial plant areas.
QUASIANALYTICAL ESTIMATES OF INDUCTANCE USING SUBCONDUCTOR METHODS
Authors: Timmerberg J. , Beckmann P. , Mylvaganam S.
Published: August 2015

Subconductor methods or partial wire methods yield reliable results for conductor parameters such as inductance, capacitance, conductance and resistance and can be used to estimate these parameters for conductor configurations involving complex geometries which cannot be handled using analytical methods. The values of inductances obtained using partial wire method are critically compared with values obtained using analytical methods.
NUMERICAL MODELLING SOFTWARE COMPARISON IN CASE OF LINEAR FRACTURE MECHANICS
Authors: Vanaga Inga , Siliņš Andris , Jēkabsons Normunds
Published: August 2015

The paper deals with the accordance's comparison of resources and results of several commercial and solid mechanics numerical modelling software. One of the most common fracture mechanics example is Compact Tension Specimen (CTS) which is used in this paper for testing and comparing the results of commercial solid mechanics numerical modelling software (for instance SolidWorks module CosmosWorks, Unigraphics NX technical analysis module, etc.) using nontrivial examinations to their possibility margins. Standard Griffith (A.A.Griffith) model of energy balance is used in linear models which explores the mesh size influence to the precision of results. Achieved results have been compared mutually and with the examples found in the literature.
SELF-EVALUATION OF STUDENTS’ TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
Authors: Vucenlazdans Pēteris
Published: August 2015

There are students at higher school without enough study motivation. How to educate them effectively, how to guarantee high quality of education, how to correspond to the demands of the work – force market and help them to become competitive employees? And alongside with these problems there is a mutual necessity to succeed in their mental and moral spheres development, be sure that the students get ideas about the sense of life and about their place in the society and in the university. The process of democratization of our society allows us to introduce and use humanistic approach in all what concerns the content of studies, methodology and results. The student’s individual development, self – education and self – control become especially important.
AUTOMATIC WATER OBJECTS CLASSIFICATION AND NATURAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zobkov Mikhail
Published: August 2015

Assessment of water quality and classification of water object plays significant role in an environmental and ecology study. Water quality evaluation by hydrochemical parameters is fairly difficult and required a long period of time. Automatic expert system was created to solve this problem. Automatization of objects classification and quality assessment for humus zone based on Karelian water bodies research data are presented in this study. Automation algorithms of the surface water geochemical classification based on the principal chemical transactions was obtained during research. Classification based on implicit scaling data by classification parameter. Alkalinity, pH, huminity, Fecom and total phosphorous were chosen as the main classification parameters. For classification by alkalinity were used alkalinity and pH, for huminity classification were used coefficient of huminity – Hum? Color OD?C Mn and Fecom, for trophic state were used huminity class and total phosphorous concentration. The water objects distribution by huminity, alkalinity and trophic state was obtained and basic geochemical classes were picked out. Natural water quality was assessed as combination of geochemical classes. Results of research presented as maps and trends of geochemical classes and natural water quality distribution over the area of Republic of Karelia.
GRAVITY–OPERATED IMPACT FEEDER DYNAMICS
Authors: Polukoshko S. , Kononova О. , Sokolova S.
Published: August 2015

This paper deals with the dynamics of rigid body that collide with a rigid surface; such motion with impact of bodies takes place in the gravity operated impact feeders. Feeders are mechanisms of the single- peace feeding for the forced moving of the oriented workpieces. In this work the vertical gravity-impact feeder for moving of the prismatic or plane details is presented. The parts move on inclined guiding plates, free fall and collide with the down plates, the impact phenomena may be used both for decreasing of velocity and for the orientation of the tracking workpieces (lateral reversing). System of equations of plane motion of detail, including stages of sliding on the slope guideway, free flight, impact and motion to the next guideway, are written down. System of equations is solved numerically with help of MathCAD program.
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTING FEATURES IN ROUGH SETS THEORY
Authors: Užga-Rebrovs Oļegs
Published: August 2015

Knowledge discovering and representing in information systems has evolved into an important area of research because of theoretical challenges and practical representing unknown knowledge in data. Rough set theory is a mathematical formalism for representing uncertainty that can be considered a special extension of the set theory. In this paper is analyzed knowledge representing problem and attribute signification’s problem, based on rough sets approach.
Possible Use Of Hemp And Wood In Production Of The Heat Insulation Materials
Authors: Andzs Martins , Skrupskis Voldemars
Published: August 2015

Obtaining of a new ecological heat insulation material from always renewable raw material in nature, wood and hemp, derived from wood and hemp fibre remains left from the production process. The study was carried out to find hemp wood parts (shives), fiber, and material first possible compositions together with wood fibres, to produce heat insulation materials. The use of the heat insulation material would be meant for dwelling and recreation houses. In the present research the main characteristics of these materials are determined: moisture content, density, water absorption, as well as the coefficient of heat transmission.
Concrete Sawing Waste Recycling As Microfiller in Concrete Production
Authors: Bumanis G. , Shakhmenko G. , Kara P. , Korjakins A.
Published: August 2015

The main idea of the presented work is to find the ways of recycling the sawing waste/sludge in production of the new concrete. The aim of the study is to examine application of the dust-water suspension as micro filler in self-compacting concrete. In the process of sawing concrete elements a lot of dust waste is produced, the average amount being approximately 0.5-1% of the total amount of concrete. To avoid dust pollution in a production plant the sawing process is accompanied by a water stream, as a result, concrete dust as dust-water suspension is stored in special reservoirs. Recycling of such concrete dust suspension and its utilization as a material pose a significant challenge.
Production of Biosurfactants By Arthrobacter Sp . N3 , a Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Čipinytė Vilma , Grigiškis Saulius , Šapokaitė Dovilė , Baškys Egidijus
Published: August 2015

Different screening methods, such as emulsification capacity and oil spreading assays, hydrocarbon overlay agar and modified drop collapse methods were used to detect biosurfactant production by hydrocarbon degrading Arthrobacter sp N3 strain. It was indicated that oil spreading assay was the most reliable method to detect biosurfactant production. To investigate biosurfactant production, batch cultivation of Arthrobacter sp N3 was carried out in a fermenter with complex nutrient medium supplemented by sunflower oil as a carbon source. The highest oil displacement activity was achieved when Arthrobacter sp N3 strain was cultivated in two stages (with aeration for cell production and without aeration for biosurfactant synthesis). Then, two forms of the biosurfactant (crude preparation and partially purified biosurfactant) were recovered from the culture liquid. Furthermore, the biosurfactant produced by Arthrobacter sp N3 strain was analyzed by thin layer chromatography and it was estimated that even a few compounds have surface activity. The effect of temperature and pH on biosurfactant activity was also studied. It was observed that no appreciable changes in biosurfactant activity occurred at temperature and pH values ranges of 4–125 ºC and 5–10, respectively.
A Study Of Major And Trace Element Accumulation In Humic Acids
Authors: Dudare Diana , Purmalis Oskars , Klavins Maris
Published: August 2015

It has been widely studied recent as well as historic accumulation of elements in peat profiles depending on intensity of anthropogenic pollution and thereby peat profiles serve as archives for research of environmental change. Peat ability to accumulate major and trace elements depends on the character of element supply, potency of metal ions to bind functionalities in the peat structure, pH reaction, oxygen presence, presence of complexing compounds, inorganic ions and many other factors. The aim of this study is to assign major and trace element distribution in humic acids (HA) for two well characterized ombrotrophic peat profiles of Eipurs and Dzelve Bog and analyse factors affecting element concentration in peat humic acids. Elemental and functional analysis of the isolated HAs was done, using total reflection X – ray spectrometry, Elemental Analyzer Model EA – 1108, Thermospectronic Helios γ UV (Thermo Electron Co.) spectrophotometer, Total acidity method.
Comparative Analysis of Hemp Fiber Grown in Year 2010
Authors: Freivalde Liga , Kukle Silvija , Puplakse Vita , Purina Brigita
Published: August 2015

Annually increasingly all over the world is observed growing tendency to reduce the production of various products containing non-renewable component and replace them with natural fiber raw materials for textile and non-textile products as well. One of such raw materials is hemp. This paper discusses comparative study results of testing local genotype „Purini“ and commercial available ES registered industrial hemp variety „Bialobrzeskie” (Poland) fibers which were grown in Latvia, year 2010th. Studies have been carried out for small fiber bundles to determine the durability properties of hemp fiber.
Optimization Of Sorbent System From Paper Mill Waste Short Fibers For Bioremediation Of Heavy Hydrocarbons In Soil
Authors: Grigiškis S. , Baškys E. , Levišauskas D. , Kavaliauskė M. , Dižavičienė O. , Aikaitė-Stanaitienė J.
Published: August 2015

The aim was to develop a new improved Sorbent system (S-S) from organic sorbent material, nutrients, biosurfactant and microbial cell producing it for bioremediation of heavy oil hydrocarbons in various soil types. New sorbent material (S-M) was developed from paper mill short waste fibers because it requires very low energy to manufacture and the production costs of this S-M is extremely low compared to similar products in the market. S-M has good sorption characteristics for various oil products, is fully biodegradable, can be applied at sensitive environmental areas. S-M can be combined with microorganisms producing biosurfactant. The goal of investigations was to optimize S-S composition to minimize the leakage of heavy hydrocarbons to deeper soil layers or ground water. The optimal composition of S-S for all types of soil was determined: S-M 86.3-89.3%, microorganisms producing biosurfactant ≥ 107 CFU/g, biosurfactant solution – 3%, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) 0.5 and 0.2%. Recommended optimal S-S moisture is 7%.
Energy Produced By Solar Battery And Perspectives Of It ’ S Usage In Latvia
Authors: Kanceviča Liene , Putāns Henriks
Published: August 2015

Many alternative energy sources can be used instead of fossil fuels. The decision as to what type of energy source shoud be utilized in each case must be made based on economic, environmental, and safety considerations. Because of the desired environmental and safety aspects it is widely believed that solar energy should be utilized instead of other alternative energy forms it can be used sustainably without harming the environment. The paper deals with the solar photovoltaic module capacity recording device whose load characteristic is similar battery charging load characteristic. As a result, the device will record the amount of energy retrieved from the module battery. In 2009th with this device was recorded solar module PVM10/12PF power and charged batteries are retrieved energy levels in the months and year as a whole.
Geodynamic Zoning For Underground Isolation Of Radioctive Waste
Authors: Morozov Vladislav , Kagan Alexander
Published: August 2015

The problem of area selection for underground isolation of radioactive waste is important for all countries using nuclear power. The paper presents the results of modeling the stress-deformed state of Nizhnekanskiy granitoid massif and shows the possibility of using such simulations for the geodynamic zoning of areas. The calculation is given to the most probable directions of groundwater filtration, which is one of the main threats for the nuclear waste repository.
Europe 2020 – The New Strategy For Smart , Susinable And Inclusive Growth And Bulgarian Industrial Competitiveness
Authors: Petrova Desislava , Dimitrova Sofia
Published: August 2015

This paper present one decision on innovation European industry contributes to output, jobs, innovation and exports and is interrelated with service industries. Indeed, many service industries such as transport, health and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) depend on competitive industry to produce the equipment and hardware which they use [1, 2].
The Chemical Content Of Different Energy Crops
Authors: Poiša L. , Adamovičs A. , Antipova L. , Šiaudinis G. , Karčauskienė D. , Platače R. , Žukauskaitė A. , Malakauskaitė S. , Teirumnieka Ē.
Published: August 2015

The paper presents the data of gaseous and alkali elements in above-ground biomass of energy crops. The investigations objects were Phalaris arundinacea L., Populus nigra, Artemisia vulgaris, Sylphium perfoliatum, Sida hermaphrodita, Dactylis glomerata, Salix viminalis, Medicago sativia L. The aim of the research: to evaluate the amount of chemical elements in energy crops. Evaluating the energy crops it can be seen, that the most alkaline metals are contained in Sida hermaphrodita, and the least in Sylphium perfoliatum L.
Sustainability Assessment Methods In Oil Shale Mine Closure
Authors: Sabanov Sergei , Pastarus Jyri Rivaldo , Shommet Julia
Published: August 2015

The post mining processes impacts on the environment, economy and people, whilst there may be positive contributions to the economy and social progress through mining there may also are negative impacts to the environment. The aim of this study is to elaborate sustainability assessment methodologies suitable for mine closure life cycle stage which allows defining hazardous influences on environment, society and economic dimensions, and helps quickly, conveniently and qualitatively solve, operate, find optimum variants for existing problems. The sustainability assessment methods will provides best decisions on the technological and post technological processes of a mining industry and can be used in the exploration, planning, exploitation and closure stages.
Application Of Geographic Information Systems (Gis) In Analysis Of Geological Risk Factors And Assessment Of Geohazards In Daugavpils And Ilūkste Districts
Authors: Soms Juris , Laizāns Kaspars
Published: August 2015

This article deals with the main aspects of geological and geomorphological hazards (geohazards) assessment by presenting review of GIS-based methodology for identification and analysis of environmental hazards of such type to which the Daugavpils and Ilūkste districts are exposed. It includes (1) critical review of the availability and state of the art in data sources about geological risk factors, (2) a description of using geomatics methods for obtaining thematic layers of risk factors and techniques of their combining and overlaying, and (3) an analysis and assessment of summary geohazard risk. Such a complex GIS-based studying of geohazards has not been performed before in the territory under study, nor has it been attempted in Latvia. At the same time obtained results allow highlighting areas exposed to geological risk within the Daugavpils and Ilūkste districts, hence providing relevant information for spatial planning of these territories.
Untraditional Solutions For The Usage Of Greenhouse Effect
Authors: Zagorska V. , Āboliņš A. , Upītis A.
Published: August 2015

The heat solar energy traditionally is used in greenhouses for ensuring optimal plant vegetation regime in our climatic conditions. Glass verandas built during last centuries at the south side of living houses and summer cottages are appreciated as original use of solar energy. Veranda as light and warm room was used for different household needs and also for social activities. Up-to-date materials and technologies proposes wide spectrum of innovative activities for greenhouses and conservatories. The variable amount of solar energy is possible to smooth out by using accumulation system. In the paper results from vegetable drying experiments are presented. In the research used products – carrots, dry matter of the product at the start 8.5%, chopped product – 9.9%, after desiccation – equilibrium moisture content 10 -11%. The experimental device placed in the room is simulating the processes, which would occur if we use greenhouse for product drying, accordingly making changes in the design of conventional greenhouses by separating drying section from growing section, supplying warm heated in the greenhouse upper layer air from the bottom by forcing it with axial ventilator, and accordingly choosing appropriate accumulation system for energy storage in case when outside air temperature drop occurs.
The Mathematical Modeling of Ca And Fe Distribution In Peat Layers
Authors: Teirumnieka Ērika , Kangro Ilmārs , Teirumnieks Edmunds , Kalis Harijs , Gedroics Aigars
Published: August 2015

Bogs have been formed by an accumulation of peat - a light brown-to-black organic material, built up from partial decomposition of mosses and other bryophytes, sedges, grasses, shrubs, or trees under waterlogged conditions. The total peatlands area in Latvia covers 698 918 ha or 10.7% of the entire territory. Knowledge’s of peat metals content are important for any kind of peat using. Experimental determination of metals in peat is very long and expensive work. Using experimental data mathematical model for calculation of concentrations of metals in different points for different layers can help to very easy and fast to find approximately concentration of metals or trace elements. The results of the research show that concentrations of trace elements in peat are generally low. Concentrations differ between the superficial, middle and bottom peat layers, but the significance decreases depending on the type of mire. The mathematical model for calculation of concentration of metals in different points for different 3 layers in peat blocks is developed. As an example, mathematical models for calculation of Ca and Fe concentrations have been analyzed.
Instalation For Induction Heating For Testing Thermo Sensors
Authors: Tomchev Peter Ivanov , Nenov Nikolay Hristov , Ivanova Rayna Georgieva
Published: August 2015

With constant development and improvement of management systems in modern technological processes, in cars, in production lines and machinery and other fields are increasingly entering the use of different sensors. These sensors are tested on special test simulators, simulating the conditions for a long time close to their work. Often the temperature is in the range of 700-900°C. To achieve these temperatures, most environmentally safe and effective heating of the sensors can be achieved by induction heating of housing them. The object of this report is installation for induction heating system as part of the simulator to test the vibration and temperature thermal sensors.
Path Planning Usage For Mobile Robots
Authors: Valbahs Edvards
Published: August 2015

The paper deals with path planning programme for mobile robots. The aim of the paper is to develop a path planning programme for mobile robots that is based on simulation software development. The results of the careful analysis were considered for optimal path planning algorithms. The experimental evidence was proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for steady covered space. The results described in this work can be extended in a number of directions, and applied to other algorithms.
Optimization Of Parameters Of Heating Elements For Floor Panel Of Piglets Resting Places
Authors: Zagorska V. , Iljins U.
Published: August 2015

The article deals with problem solving of mathematical physics using the method of separation of variables optimizing heating element – optimizing water tube parameters (tube material, radius, insulation thickness, choosing appropriate surrounding environment). For ensuring piglets comfort, concrete floor panels heated by electric current or hot water are used. If an electro-heated cable in the panels body is placed, than amount of heat conducted from the cable is the same along all the length of the cable. If hot water circulating through tube is used, than amount of heat energy taken off the heater decreases along its length. The aim of the research is to create the mathematical model of a water tube, were water temperature is gradually decreasing. This model is needed to make precise calculations of the heating panel for piglets, to ensure equal temperature distribution over the upper surface of the panel, taking into account mathematically calculated temperature decrease of the heat source.
RESPONSE OF YOUNG SOUR CHERRY TREES TO WOODCHIP MULCH AND DRIP IRRIGATION
Authors: Feldmane Daina
Published: August 2015

The productivity of sour cherries grown in Latvia is insufficient. Yielding of sour cherries can be advanced providing appropriate soil moisture and control of diseases. Cherry leaf spot as well as spur and twig blight are the most important sour cherry diseases which cause economical losses of the yield. The influence of woodchip mulch and drip irrigation on sour cherry yielding and resistance to the diseases is investigated. The drip irrigation and woodchip mulch increased the yield of cherries. The cultivar ‘Bulatnikovskaya’ was the most productive. Drip irrigation slightly improved resistance to cherry leaf spot for the cultivars ‘Zentenes’, ‘Orlica’ and ‘Tamaris’.
The Choice of Metrics for Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Grabusts Peter
Published: August 2015

Methods of data analysis and automatic processing are treated as knowledge discovery. In many cases it is necessary to classify data in some way or find regularities in the data. That is why the notion of similarity is becoming more and more important in the context of intelligent data processing systems. It is frequently required to ascertain how the data are interrelated, how various data differ or agree with each other, and what the measure of their comparison is. An important part in detection of similarity in clustering algorithms plays the accuracy in the choice of metrics and the correctness of the clustering algorithms operation.
Genetic Recourses : Evaluation Of The Value Of Some Old Latvian Flax Accessions
Authors: Jankauskienė Zofija , Gruzdevienė Elvyra
Published: August 2015

In the resent years evaluation and conservation of genetic recourses becomes of great importance. Some of the genotypes could be lost when un-sufficient attention is given to them. Some old (created before WWII) Latvian flax accessions have been investigated at the collection nursery at the Upytė Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2007-2010. Phenological phases, plant height, flower colour, stem, seed and long fibre yield, fibre content and quality (flexibility, strength, quality number), duration of vegetation period, resistance to lodging, etc., have been investigated. The most valuable genotypes have been suggested to be used in further breeding programs.
An Investigation on High Frequency Permeability of Polycrystalline Ferrities
Authors: Jankovskis Janis , Ponomarenko Nikolajs , Narica Pavels
Published: August 2015

The problem under examination is the magnetic loss of polycrystalline ferrites. Their total loss include: hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous (AN) or excess ones. The mentioned first two losses more or less adequately are covered by modified Steinmetz equation whereas AN loss is less well understood. Conceptually this loss is defined by the components of complex permeability spectra of ferrites which as a rule are experimentally obtained. Large body of these experimental spectra shows a great variety of forms and specific features. This variety is the main reason why there still is not adequate analytic presentation of AN loss. It is shown in the research that important progress is possible to achieve in analytic presentation of AN loss on the basis of realistic account of microstructure of polycrystalline ferrites and dividing the variety of all samples into subgroups according to their actual structure.
Education Of Competencies Of Organic Production: Possibilities And Problems
Authors: Jurkšaitienė Nijolė , Markevicienė Laima
Published: August 2015

Organic farming must seek profitability, social goals and ecological balance. Not only farmers and processors but also consumers are responsible for this, subsequently, education of every segment is very important. In order to modernize technologies of organic farming it is necessary to have qualified and experienced employees for industrial areas as well as for organisation of environmental protection. The article is trying to assess development of organic farming and to evaluate education of specialists of organic production in Lithuania. Therefore, there are analysed the results of certification of farms, carried out by the public organisation “Ekoagros”, and a particular interest is paid to educational establishments which educate specialists of organic production. The article also analyses development of organic farms in Lithuania, presents basic problems and examines possibilities to educate specialists of organic agricultural production.
Comparative Technological And Commercial Evaluation of Flax Varieties For The Revival of Flax Growing In Latvia
Authors: Kukle Silvija , Stramkale Veneranda , Kalniņa Dace , Prīberga Dagmāra , Strazds Guntis
Published: August 2015

As renewable raw material flax increasingly gain more importance as the range of its use is spreading more and more. Besides the conventional uses in home textiles, clothing and sails products, demand of flax raw materials for technical uses increases rapidly as flax fibers have high specific properties, become components of biodegradable composites, environmental friendly isolation materials, besides flax shives pay attention as well as components of environment friendly building materials. Unfortunately in Latvia during last decades flax crop production had decreased rapidly and nowadays reintroduction of flax growing traditions and conditions are become more and more actual. In spite of depression in sector, in Agriculture Science Centre of Latgale are not interrupted experiments on development of local flax lines. Field trials were sown at the Centre in 2010 and 98 flax lines investigated. In this article reflected analysis results of one perspective local fibers flax line from different aspects and its properties comparison with the standard fibers flax variety Vega 2.
The Role Of Public Participation And Environmnetal Activism In Environmental Governance In Latvia
Authors: Ozola Alda
Published: August 2015

The paper discusses engagement of non-governmental organisations and activist groups in environmental governance in Latvia. The research is based on desk research, a number of case studies and action research. Author attempts to analyse to what extent environmental NGOs and groups of activists have contributed to environmental governance and what role public participation plays in that. Author concludes that identification of problematic issues and policy planning are those stages where public participation and activism in environmental governance plays most crucial role. Contrary to common public believe about informal groups and environmental activism only attempting to oppose any proposed projects or new developments, these groups can and do play and important role in environmental governance. Author also concludes that institutional system that supports public participation is crucial in facilitating public involvement in environmental governance. Author also suggests that participatory environmental governance can better meet challenges of sustainability.
Integration of Flexible Keypad Into Clothing
Authors: Parkova Inese , Vališevskis Aleksandrs , Kašurins Andrejs , Viļumsone Ausma
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to consider data input methods and technologies related to information input into electronic systems that would be suitable for smart garments. An overview of recent developments in the area of flexible switches is provided, describing processes used to fabricate these connections and highlighting issues and problems associated with it. Available soft button / keypad products are considered and keypad construction methods are analyzed. This study resulted in the creation of a flexible textile keypad prototype with row-and-column addressable structure and with breaking point technology underneath button design.
The effects of the exercises of segmental stabilization in low back pain
Authors: Barradas Layanna Patrícia Freitas , Silva Luiz Fernando Batista Pereira da , Sousa Rayssilane Cardoso de , Matos Ludmilla Karen Brandão Lima de , Carvalho Ana Flávia Machado de
Published: August 2015

Background: Low back pain is responsible for a large part of painful disorders in clinical practice, causing limitations in physical activitiesand professionals. Physical Therapy has directed its techniques in the prevention and relief of symptoms of this disease of the spine,making use of exercises, like the segmental stabilization. Objective: To verify the effects of exercises of segmental stabilization in lowback pain. Method: It was an experimental study of longitudinal quantitative approach with sample of 10 participants with complaintof low back pain. The participants were randomly divided into control and experimental group and after they were assessed throughof sheets containing data of identification and the variables (pain, flexibility and balance). The experimental group was treated duringsix weeks with segmental stabilization and, at the end of the last session, all participants were reassessed. The data were organized inMicrosoft Office Excel program, submitted to Student’s T test with significance at p<0.05 for analysis in the statistical program GraphPad Prism 5.0. Results: There was significant improvement in low back pain of the participants after the interventions, but in relationto other variables of the study were obtained only a numerical gain in absolute terms, although not significantly. Conclusion: Thesegmental stabilization provided significant effects on low back pain, indicating that this technique can be used by Physiotherapistin their conducts, however, it is suggested new researches with larger sample in order to obtain better in relation to other variables
The Effect of an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting on Breastfeeding Duration and Exclusivity During the First Year of Life
Authors: Morris Cynthia A. , Gutowski Judith L.
Published: August 2015

Despite widely documented evidence that supports breastfeeding throughout the first year of life, many mothers quit breastfeeding earlier than intended. This retrospective review examined the effect of an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) in the pediatric primary
care setting on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates. In this study, access to an IBCLC in the pediatric primary care setting increased the odds of mothers breastfeeding longer than mothers who did not have such access. Neither term gestation nor previous history of childbirth affected
the likelihood of mothers exclusively breastfeeding for 4–6 months or continuing breastfeeding for at least 1 year. Increasing maternal age did not increase the odds of exclusively breastfeeding until 4–6 months but did increase the odds of continuing to provide some breast milk
for at least 1 year. The presence of an IBCLC in this setting was associated with increased breastfeeding duration even among women who had no direct interaction with the consultant. Integrating an IBCLC into the pediatric primary care setting may be a viable option to increase breastfeeding
duration and exclusivity rates.
Revisiting Nipple and Breast Pain: A Conversation With Anne Eglash, MD
Authors: Robertson Barbara D.
Published: August 2015

Barbara D. Robertson and Dr. Anne Eglash discuss Dr. Eglash’s latest thoughts on breast and nipple pain. Unresolved breast and nipple pain are one of the top reasons for early weaning. Dr. Eglash has a breastfeeding medical practice and helps mothers frequently to help resolve their
chronic breast and nipple pain. Old treatments are discussed in the context of new research findings and new treatment possibilities are explored.
Birth Interventions Related to Lower Rates of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Increased Risk of Postpartum Depression in a Large Sample
Authors: Kendall-Tackett Kathleen , Cong Zhen , Hale Thomas W.
Published: August 2015

Overview: This study examines the impact of birth interventions, such as epidurals, inductions, pain medications, and cesarean sections, on breastfeeding and postpartum depression with a large sample of mothers.

Method: Data for the present analyses were from the Survey
of Mothers’ Sleep and Fatigue, a 253-item online survey of 6,410 mothers 0–12 months postpartum.

Findings: Mothers were significantly more likely to be breastfeeding if they had unassisted vaginal births, or did not have epidurals or other pain medication during labor. Mothers
had higher depressive symptoms if they perceived that their labors were difficult and they experienced high levels of pain. They also had higher depressive symptoms if they had planned or emergency cesareans, but unplanned (nonemergent) cesareans were associated with lower levels. When multivariate
analysis was conducted, only epidural, postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum surgery were significantly related to depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: The type of birth a woman experiences influences breastfeeding and her emotional health. Contrary to previous findings, epidurals
are associated with lower breastfeeding rates and higher rates of postpartum depression. Other birth interventions and complications, such as postpartum hemorrhage or surgery, have a negative impact as well.
Drilling Deeper to Access More Hydrocarbon Potentials in the Yowi Oilfield, Offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Momta Prince S. , Odigi Minapuye I.
Published: August 2015

Depleting reservoirs and a corresponding decline in oil production is a common occurrence in most mature fields. Efforts to improve oil production in such fields require a redesign of secondary recovery technique which only extends production life for a short time. The Yowi Field has experienced this scenario for the past one decade. This study focuses on identifying hydrocarbon potentials at deeper depth. Exploring for more hydrocarbon play to boost reserve will require searching for prospects below the intervals that have been developed in the field. Most production wells drilled in the entire field did not go beyond 9850ftmd. The interval beyond the drilled depth shows a change in depositional setting from a nearshore shallow marine realm to a deep marine depositional environment base on seismic character. The hydrocarbon play here is majorly stratigraphic elements. Using 3D seismic reflection data, reasonable hydrocarbon pools seem to occur at depth below 1400 milliseconds. Sand bodies suspected to be hydrocarbon bearing occur as discrete turbidite lobes and also as stratigraphic pinchouts against an intrusive shale diapir. The hydrocarbon bearing and porous sand units are indicated by intervals having high root-mean-square amplitude anomaly. Areas with low amplitude suggest a water-bearing or non-reservoir lithofacies units. A deeper drilling beyond 2000 milliseconds will definitely increase the reserve and production potentials of the field since there is an evidence for hydrocarbon occurrence at deeper depth, though might be over-pressured.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Vegetable Oils Used As Alternatives to Diesel in the Formulation of Oil-Based Drilling Muds
Authors: Agwu Okorie E. , Isemin Isemin A. , Akpabio Moses G.
Published: August 2015

When water based muds fail to ensure that a usable hole is drilled, oil based mud formulated with No.2 diesel is adopted. Because No. 2 diesel is toxic, the oil and gas industry is looking for other alternatives to it. One of such alternatives is the use of vegetable oils. These vegetable oils are relatively more expensive than the No. 2 diesel; hence their use would ultimately increase the cost of drilling fluids. There are however many types of these vegetable oils. These vegetable oils vary in physical and chemical properties and in their cost. This paper undertook an investigation into the cost, properties and availability of these vegetable oils for use in drilling mud formulation; it chronicled the trend of researches available on the use of vegetable oils as drilling fluids with the findings from each researcher presented. This paper also presents a detailed cost benefit analysis of major vegetable oils used as drilling muds. To make the work comprehensive, an evaluation of the viability of each vegetable oil to achieve the objectives of cost effectiveness, availability, and good rheological and filtration properties were evaluated. The results showed that of all the vegetable oils studied, olive oil ranked the least in meeting all of these objectives while palm oil, soybean oil followed by rapeseed oil fulfilled all of the objectives to a considerable extent. This paper therefore offers an all-inclusive portfolio of cost related issues that border on the use of vegetable oils as drilling muds which would be useful to wellbore drillers in particular and the E & P industry at large.
The Nigerian Natural Gas Industry: Critical Policies and Legal Issues
Authors: Maduekwe Nkiruka Chidia
Published: August 2015

Notwithstanding the fact that commercial oil discovery has been fifty-plus years in Nigeria; the Nigerian natural gas industry is known to be a developing industry. Thus, understanding the huge potential this industry presents to its economy, the Nigerian government has sought to implement policies that will bring about development in this industry. The paper seeks to examine the policies and the legal framework (if any), in order to ascertain to what extent the policies have been able to develop the industry and if not, why? In addition, the paper examines the adequacy or otherwise of the present legal framework. The paper finds that the successful and sustainable development of the natural gas industry hinges on the existence of adequate legal framework, as policies can only serve as aspirations and sought-after-goals without the backing of sufficient legal framework to support their implementation. The paper finds that in light of shale gas development in Nigeria's investors cum market geography, time is fast running for Nigeria as there is the urgent need to address the situation as Nigeria is gradually losing not just investors but her natural gas market as well.