bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Task-based Language Teaching on University Students’ Writing Ability and Metacognitive Awareness
Authors: Helaluddin Helaluddin , Al Aqad Mohammed H. , Martuti Ririn , Hasmawaty Hasmawaty , Tulak Harmelia
Published: October 2024

In producing competent college graduates in the 21st century, two skills must be taught to students: writing and metacognitive skills. This research explores the impact of the task-based teaching-learning method on Sharia banking students' writing and metacognitive abilities at a state university in Banten Province, Indonesia. This research used a pretest-posttest experimental design involving 60 students. Data collection in the research used essay writing tests, essay writing assessment rubrics, and metacognitive skills questionnaires. Next, the data was analyzed using a quantitative approach by running the SPSS 20.00 program with paired sample t-test and one-way ANCOVA. The research results show that the TBLT model can improve students' writing performance and metacognition skills. This means that there has been a significant change in the average score in writing ability [t = -16.871, p < .000] and writing metacognitive awareness score [t = -17.197, p < .000] in the experimental group that received treatment with the task model. -based language teaching (TBLT). This study recommends that the TBLT method can be used as an alternative for teachers to simultaneously improve writing abilities and metacognition skills. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of using comprehensive learning methods to develop both skills.
Politeness in Expressive Speech Acts: A Cyber Pragmatics Approach
Authors: Fatmawati Famawati , Ningsih Rika
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by the tendency of netizens to convey psychological attitudes on social media. The delivery of these psychological attitudes sometimes needs attention to language politeness. This research is necessary because it answers the challenge of understanding how politeness of language changes in the context of social media supported by digital technology, which is rarely discussed in conventional pragmatic studies. The problem in this study is how politeness of expressive speech acts from a cyber pragmatics perspective. This study explores and elaborates on the realization of politeness maxims politeness principles based on the perspective of cyber pragmatics. The approach used in this study is qualitative, and the content analysis method was applied. This study's data source is netizens' language activity on the comments page of the Instagram account @detikcom on June 9, 2023, totaling 2509 comments. The data in this study amounted to 511 data, which are expressive speech. The data collection techniques used are documentation techniques and reading techniques. The data analysis technique is carried out in three stages: identification, classification, and interpretation of research results. Regarding the principle of politeness, netizens' comments are considered impolite based on the maxim of tact, the maxim of approbation, and the maxim of agreement, which significantly impact online communication behavior. The reason is that netizens do not maximize their benefits, approbation, and conformity with other parties but instead express their psychological attitudes by throwing out insults, ridicule, and rejections that can cause harm to other parties. Meanwhile, netizens are considered polite for the maxim of modesty and sympathy. Most sympathy is directed at the Indonesian people who must bear the country's debt.
Language Impoliteness in Memes Contesting the 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Miftahulkhairah , Amir Fachrur Razi , Zuhriyah Siti Aminataz , Purbasari Rahayu , Rosa Helvy Tiana
Published: October 2024

In the context of the 2024 presidential election campaign, the proliferation of memes as a medium of public and supporter expression has become increasingly prominent. Memes serve as a vehicle for political commentary, often reflecting public sentiment and opinion. However, a significant concern arises from the pervasive use of linguistic impoliteness within these memes. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of linguistic impoliteness in memes related to the 2024 presidential election. Employing a descriptive qualitative research method, data were collected from a variety of meme images sourced from the internet. The analysis reveals that linguistic impoliteness in these memes manifests in several forms, including bald on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm, and the withholding of politeness. These forms of impoliteness not only reflect the aggressive nature of political discourse but also have the potential to incite conflict among different political factions. The findings suggest a need for more responsible meme usage, particularly in politically charged contexts, to foster a healthier and more constructive political dialogue. The study concludes that while memes are a powerful tool for political expression, their potential to exacerbate tensions should not be overlooked. Implications for future research include exploring strategies for mitigating the negative impact of impoliteness in online political communication.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE PRODUCTION SECTOR OF THE PENAL SYSTEM
Authors: Bodko Vladislava , Yukhachev Sergey
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of the production potential by comparing the constituent elements of entrepreneurial activity in a market economy and the production sector of penal institutions. The study reflects the points of contact and differences in doing business for each case. The authors present a list of the main professions that are characterized by productive employment.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Responses to Nonhypoxic Hypobaric Decompression
Authors: Connolly Desmond , Davagnanam Indran , Wylezinska-Arridge Marzena , Mallon Dermot , Wastling Stephen , Lee Vivienne M.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiological basis of neurological decompression sickness and the association between cerebral subcortical white matter (WM) change and nonhypoxic hypobaria remain poorly understood. Recent study of altitude decompression sickness risk evaluated acute WM responses to intensive hypobaric exposure using brain magnetic resonance imaging.

METHODS: Six healthy men (20 to 50 yr) completed 6 h of hyperoxic hypobaria during three same-day altitude chamber decompressions to pressure altitudes ≥ 22,000 ft (6706 m). Research magnetic resonance imaging sequences, conducted on the days preceding and following decompression, evaluated subcortical WM integrity, cerebral blood flow, neuronal integrity (fractional anisotropy), and neurometabolite concentrations.

RESULTS: No subcortical lesions were evident on diffusion weighted imaging and WM fractional anisotropy was unaffected. Mean WM blood flow was upregulated by 20% to over 25 mL · 100 g−1 · min−1. Gray matter flow was unchanged. There were no changes in gray matter or cerebellar neurometabolites. In parietal subcortical WM, levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fell from (mean ± SD) 1.68 ± 0.2 to 1.35 ± 0.3 institutional units while glutathione (GSH) fell from 1.71 ± 0.4 to 1.25 ± 0.3 institutional units. Lactate increased postexposure in five subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: Postexposure decrements in GABA and GSH imply WM insult with loss of neuroprotection and oxidative stress. An association between decrements in GABA and GSH support a common origin, while GSH decrements also correlate with WM blood flow responses. WM lactate increments are prone to error but suggest dysregulation of subcortical microvascular flow. WM neurometabolite and blood flow indices did not normalize by 24 h postexposure.

Connolly D, Davagnanam I, Wylezinska-Arridge M, Mallon D, Wastling S, Lee VM. Brain magnetic resonance imaging responses to nonhypoxic hypobaric decompression. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):733–740.
Evolution of Space Medicine at NASA
Authors: Doarn Charles R.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: From the very beginning of America’s human spaceflight program, space medicine has been at the forefront. There has been a variety of diverse individuals, over six decades, whose contributions helped shape what space medicine is within NASA today.

METHODS: An extensive review of historical documents (including reports, manuscripts, advisory committee reports, and oral histories of key individuals) related to space medicine, aerospace medicine, and life sciences at NASA Headquarters was performed.

RESULTS: Early in NASA’s history, oral histories from individuals in key leadership positions were obtained. In addition, repeated searches of the archives provided a plethora of material on space medicine and life sciences from the first two decades or so, but it is somewhat sparse over the most recent four decades. Each of these sources helped develop a historical narrative of those key individuals who were in senior leadership positions at NASA Headquarters beginning in 1958 through the present time.

DISCUSSION: A review of the archived material tells a compelling story of how and why space medicine developed in the way it did at the agency level. The inspiration and the individual personalities, concomitant with the early influence from the U.S. Air Force, laid the groundwork for this discipline as it relates to human spaceflight.

Doarn CR. Evolution of space medicine at NASA. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):797–805.
Sensitization of Visually Induced Motion Sickness by Prior Provocative Physical Motion
Authors: Golding John F. , Alund Daniel , Gresty Michael A. , Flynn Maria B.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Habituation to motion has therapeutic applications for motion sickness desensitization and rehabilitation of patients with vestibular disease. Less attention has been devoted to the opposite process: sensitization.

METHODS: Subjects (N = 50) were randomly allocated to four sequences: Baseline visual stimulus; then 15 min of time gap; cross-coupled motion (C-C) or a Control condition; then a time gap of 15 min or 2 h; then a retest visual stimulus. Motion exposures were for 10 min or until moderate nausea, whichever was sooner. The visual stimulus was a scene rotating in yaw at 0.2 Hz with superimposed "wobble". C-C was whole-body rotation on a turntable with eight 45° head tilts during each 30-s period. Control was head tilt without rotation. Rotational velocity was incremented in staircase steps of 3° · s−1 every 30 s.

RESULTS: Groups were equivalent for Total Motion Sickness Symptom scores elicited by the first visual stimulus (combined: mean ± SD 10.8 ± 8.4). C-C produced greater Total Symptoms (20.3 ± 6.8) than Control (3.1 ± 3.7). Subjects recovered subjectively from C-C before retest of visual stimulus. For the retest visual stimulus, Total Symptoms were higher following C-C (15.1 ± 9.0) than following Control (8.3 ± 7.1) for both the 15 min and 2 h retests. Sickness ratings (SR) mirrored these effects of C-C.

DISCUSSION: C-C motion sensitized subsequent responses to visual stimulation up to 2 h later. Sensitization of visual stimulation crossed modalities and appeared subconscious since it occurred despite subjective recovery from C-C. For some individuals, a previously relatively innocuous visual stimulus became nauseogenic on retest. The results have implications for the use of visual technologies within hours of exposure to provocative motion.

Golding JF, Alund D, Gresty MA, Flynn MB. Sensitization of visually induced motion sickness by prior provocative physical motion. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):741–748.
Comparative Analysis of Fish Consumption Habits in Coastal and Inland Districts of Samsun Province
Authors: Bilgin Fıçıcılar Bilge
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the seafood consumption habits of individuals in Samsun Province, a region noted for its intensive fishing activities in the Middle Black Sea, and to determine the differences between coastal and inland districts. Primary data were gathered through online questionnaires. The analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Among the participants, 53.7% considered fish prices to be expensive, 34.3% found them to be normal, 10.4% viewed them as very expensive, and 1.5% thought they were cheap. The most preferred fish type was anchovy, chosen by 48% of respondents, followed by sea bass at 18%. Coastal residents showed a higher frequency of weekly fish consumption, while inland residents had a higher rate of annual fish consumption. Significant differences were observed in fish consumption preferences, such as the type of fish and cooking methods, with coastal residents favoring fried fish and inland residents preferring grilled fish. Additionally, the study found that canned fish was significantly more preferred by inland residents (χ²=55.49, p
Evolution of Human Intelligence; Psychological Science for a Better World
Authors: Senarath Dayathilake Kande Lekamalaya
Published: October 2024

This multidisciplinary study addresses pressing societal issues such as terrorism, crime, divorce , homicides, theft, bribery, corruptions, war, and drug abuse by exploring their underlying psychological roots. Identifying over 3,000 "mind viruses" that distort human intelligence and decision-making, this research proposes a transformative approach to mental health through the introduction of 3,000 positive "healthy mind viruses." By examining the evolution of intelligence from a biological perspective and considering the implications of consciousness in the context of an afterlife, the study suggests that a psychological framework based on the 'eight-fold path' may serve as an effective method for identifying and mitigating these detrimental influences. Additionally, it explores concepts like nature and nurture, the distinction between clock time and psychological time, and the pursuit of true happiness, answering over forty innovative big questions. A 3D graph illustrating the mechanisms of individual and social intelligence evolution underscores the potential for fostering a more harmonious world.
Kampanye Zero Food Waste dan Isi Piringku di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kota Palu Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Adhyanti  , Sasmita Hanum , Hartini Diah Ayu
Published: October 2024

Indonesia adalah negara terbesar ke-2 di dunia sebagai penyumbang sampah/limbah makanan setelah Arab Saudi. Masalah sampah/limbah makanan yang terbuang turut berkontribusi pada timbulnya pemasalahan lain seperti isu lingkungan, ekonomi, isu etika serta kesehatan dan gizi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait zero food waste dan isi piringku. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk edukasi masyarakat dengan metode penyuluhan, pembagian leaflet dan pemasangan media spanduk. Sasaran kegiatan adalah siswa, guru, dan para pengunjung kantin sekolah. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan ada peningkatan pengetahuan peserta setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Para pengunjung tampak antusias menerima dan menyimak pamphlet yang dibagikan. Media spanduk juga berhasil terpasang pada lokasi stategis di kantin sekolah. Diharapkan agar pihak sekolah tetap melakukan edukasi zero food waste dan isi piringku serta menjaga media kampanye yang telah terpasang. Pihak sekolah juga dapat menerapkan kawasan zero waste di lingkungan sekolah..
DE ARIADNE A GERALDI:
Authors: Brandão Maria Aparecida Ventura , Panta Francisco de Assis Silva , A. Araujo Peterson Martins
Published: October 2024

Este artigo descreve o processo e a relevância histórica que a obra “O Texto na Sala de Aula” e as formações do professor João Wanderley Geraldi tiveram na mudança curricular (quanto as metodologias de ensino de língua portuguesa) da Educação Básica e nos Cursos de Letras do Ensino Superior do Estado de Pernambuco (ênfase, no contexto, da cidade de Petrolina no sertão pernambucano). Através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e histórica feita em bases documentais oficiais e, principalmente, em relatos orais e escritos dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo, buscou-se perfazer o intenso e difícil processo de reelaboração do currículo do Estado de Pernambuco em um momento de redemocratização no contexto histórico brasileiro.
PRÁTICAS DE ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DO 5º ANO
Authors: Ciavolella Bruno , José Menegassi Renilson
Published: October 2024

Este artigo discute, exemplifica e caracteriza a inserção de práticas de análise linguística (PAL) de abordagem interacionista (GERALDI, 1991) em contexto de formação docente continuada. A geração de dados ocorreu por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008), de tipo colaborativo (DESGAGNÉ, 2007) com professores do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de um município de pequeno porte da região Noroeste do Paraná. Os resultados apontam que as vivências de PAL possibilitaram os sujeitos a agirem com, pela e sobre a língua, a favorecer a compreensão de que fazer a análise linguística é refletir sobre as possibilidades de construção de sentidos e de estratégias de dizer possibilitadas pelos recursos expressivos, conforme ensina João Wanderley Geraldi em seus estudos.
 
Palavras-Chave: Práticas de Análise Linguística. Formação Docente Continuada. Interacionismo. Ensino Fundamental.
POR QUE INCOMODAM OS GRILOS? – A RESPEITO DA PEDAGOGIA RADICALMENTE CRÍTICA DE JOÃO WANDERLEY GERALDI
Authors: Britto Luiz Percival Leme
Published: October 2024

Apresento neste ensaio o que entendo ser o núcleo do pensamento pedagógico de João Wanderley Geraldi. Não obstante sua produção, em função da condição de linguista e de sua atuação histórica, concentrar-se no ensino escolar da Língua Portuguesa, sua tese é mais ampla, aplicando-se a toda a Educação. Ela se institui no princípio de que a relação do sujeito com o conhecimento, sendo realizada no cerne da história e implicando a apropriação crítica e dialógica do já-sabido, num processo tenso, em que coexistem o dado (o convencional, o funcional) e o novo (os outros possíveis), em contraposição às concepções pragmáticas para as quais a aprendizagem (e o ensino) corresponderia à incorporação de procedimentos e informações úteis e necessários à adequada inserção dos indivíduos na sociedade.
OS GÊNEROS DO DISCURSO COMO ARTICULADORES DA PRÁTICA DE ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA/SEMIÓTICA NA BNCC: UM OLHAR ÀS HABILIDADES DO BLOCO EF69LP
Authors: Mathiola Denise de Moraes Santhiago
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca compreender como a BNCC (Brasil, 2018) orienta o trabalho com a prática de análise linguística/semiótica sob a baliza dos gêneros do discurso. Trata-se de uma análise documental, fundamentada nos Estudos Dialógicos da Linguagem e nas pesquisas contemporâneas, em Linguística Aplicada, sobre prática de análise linguística/semiótica nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa (Acosta-Pereira; Rodrigues, 2016; Bakhtin, 2011; Geraldi,1996; 20123; 2013; Volochínov, 2017). Ancora-se nos escritos de Bakhtin e do Círculo e nas discussões sobre prática de análise linguística/semiótica. Os resultados apontam que a orientação proposta pela BNCC (Brasil, 2018) para a PAL/S no bloco EF69LP sustenta os gêneros do discurso como escopo mediador de trabalho especificamente entre as habilidades que envolvem as categorias aqui analisadas.
CONTRAPALAVRAS E MEMÓRIAS DE FUTURO
Authors: Ribeiro Nilsa Brito
Published: October 2024

Nosso objetivo é ensaiar gestos de compreensão em relação às reflexões teóricas e metodológicas produzidas por João Wanderley Geraldi no curso de seus estudos sobre o ensino e objetos de ensino de Língua Portuguesa, respondendo axiologicamente à teoria do dialogismo bakhtiniano. Em um engajamento político e teórico, ao problematizar concepções de linguagem, de sujeito, de leitura e escrita, o autor oferece à educação brasileira contribuições fundamentais para se pensar o ensino de Língua Portuguesa, situado em uma concepção de linguagem enquanto espaço de interação humana. São essas problematizações do autor que pretendemos revisitar, sob a compreensão de que suas formulações se mantêm atuais e continuam impulsionando novas rotas de trabalho docente, novos postos de observação e novas formas de interlocução com o aluno que chega à escola carregado de palavras vividas, mas, nem sempre experenciados na e pela escola.
A physics-based digital twin baseline to decarbonize the built environment of airports: the Brussels Airport case
Authors: Barbano Giulia , Maguire Aodh , Singh Harshit , Batayneh Zaid , De Donatis Lorenzo , Byrne Niall , Heyvaert Els , Baeten Rutger , Vandenhouten Christel
Published: October 2024

Airports have ambitious decarbonization objectives, with many EU airports pledging to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 for all emissions fully under their control. This requires setting a baseline and defining roadmaps composed of decarbonization measures that intend to reduce energy demand and carbon emissions from that baseline. However, there is substantial uncertainty in defining the impact that can be achieved through these roadmaps, which can be substantially reduced through the use of a digital twin. In this paper, we present the creation of a baseline digital twin of the built environment of Brussels Airport, which will be used to analyze the impact of decarbonization measures before they are deployed. To create the digital twin, an extensive data collection exercise was carried out to ensure that the created model is a realistic representation of the core airport systems and that its simulations are accurate in forecasting results. Utilizing the IES Apache physics-based engine, the digital twin predictions have been validated against actual energy consumption data. The present work demonstrates the methodology and results achieved, offering insights on how to tackle the complex challenge of creating a digital twin of the built environment of an entity as complex as an airport while focusing the baselining efforts on the most significant aspects, with the ultimate objective of reducing uncertainty of future decarbonization investments. The digital twin has been used to calculate the energy consumption and CO2 emission baseline, and it will be utilized to model key decarbonization measures that are part of the Brussels Airport net zero carbon roadmap.
A simple active fluid model unites cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth
Authors: Craig Erin M. , Oprea Francesca , Alam Sajid , Grodsky Ania , Miller Kyle E.
Published: October 2024

While the structural organization and molecular biology of neurons are well characterized, the physical process of axonal elongation remains elusive. The classic view posited elongation occurs through the deposition of cytoskeletal elements in the growth cone at the tip of a stationary array of microtubules. Yet, recent studies reveal axonal microtubules and docked organelles flow forward in bulk in the elongating axons of Aplysia, chick sensory, rat hippocampal, and Drosophila neurons. Noting that the morphology, molecular components, and subcellular flow patterns of growth cones strongly resemble the leading edge of migrating cells and the polar regions of dividing cells, our working hypothesis is that axonal elongation utilizes the same physical mechanisms that drive cell crawling and cell division. As a test of that hypothesis, here we take experimental data sets of sub-cellular flow patterns in cells undergoing cytokinesis, mesenchymal migration, amoeboid migration, neuronal migration, and axonal elongation. We then apply active fluid theory to develop a biophysical model that describes the different sub-cellular flow profiles across these forms of motility and how this generates cell motility under low Reynolds numbers. The modeling suggests that mechanisms for generating motion are shared across these processes, and differences arise through modifications of sub-cellular adhesion patterns and the profiles of internal force generation. Collectively, this work suggests that ameboid and mesenchymal cell crawling may have arisen from processes that first developed to support cell division, that growth cone motility and cell crawling are closely related, and that neuronal migration and axonal elongation are fundamentally similar, differing primarily in the motion and strength of adhesion under the cell body.
Advances in machine learning-enhanced nanozymes
Authors: Park Yeong-Seo , Park Byeong Uk , Jeon Hee-Jae
Published: October 2024

Nanozymes, synthetic nanomaterials that mimic the catalytic functions of natural enzymes, have emerged as transformative technologies for biosensing, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Since their introduction, nanozymes have rapidly evolved with significant advancements in their design and applications, particularly through the integration of machine learning (ML). Machine learning (ML) has optimized nanozyme efficiency by predicting ideal size, shape, and surface chemistry, reducing experimental time and resources. This review explores the rapid advancements in nanozyme technology, highlighting the role of ML in improving performance across various bioapplications, including real-time monitoring and the development of chemiluminescent, electrochemical and colorimetric sensors. We discuss the evolution of different types of nanozymes, their catalytic mechanisms, and the impact of ML on their property optimization. Furthermore, this review addresses challenges related to data quality, scalability, and standardization, while highlighting future directions for ML-driven nanozyme development. By examining recent innovations, this review highlights the potential of combining nanozymes with ML to drive the development of next-generation diagnostic and detection technologies.
Ningxiang pigderived Enterococcus hirae regulates the inflammatory function and enhances the protection of piglets against ETEC challenge
Authors: Zhang Longlin , Wu Zichen , Zhang Zihao , Cai Rong , Pang Shujun , Wang Jing , Bao Xiyuan
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effects of Enterococcus hirae (Eh) derived from Ningxiang pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune responses in ETEC-challenged piglets. The results showed that compared to the CON group, ETEC infection significantly reduced the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), increased rectal temperature, and resulted in a diarrhea rate of up to 24%. Additionally, ETEC infection significantly increased the spleen index and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, serum and intestine, with decreasing serum sIgA and colonic SCFAs of piglets. Compared to the ETEC group, orally Eh significantly increased ADFI in ETEC-infected piglets, reduced the diarrhea rate to 11.53%, reduced the spleen index and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, serum and intestine, with decreasing serum sIgA and colonic SCFAs of ETEC-infected piglets. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the levels of SCFAs (particularly acetate) were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in colonic and splenic tissues, suggesting that acetate may be a key metabolite in the anti-inflammatory effects of Eh. These results indicate that Eh can enhance the protection of piglets against ETEC K88 via intestine-acetate-spleen axis, thereby alleviating diarrhea and improving growth performance in piglets.
Association between fecal incontinence and cardiovascular disease in adult Americans: evidence from NHANES 2005–2010
Authors: Xu Chenkai , Song Yongfu , Lan Yuejiao , Wang Yongji , Wang Na , Lu Xiaodan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

There is limited amount of research on the association between fecal incontinence (FI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate whether there is a relationship between FI and CVD among adults in the United States.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design, encompassing 11,237 adults aged 20 years and older, drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 2005 to 2010. FI was defined as the involuntary monthly leakage of solid, liquid, or mucus stool. The presence of CVD was evaluated through a questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were computed utilizing a multivariate logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to ascertain the stability of the results.

Results

Following adjustments for population characteristics, lifestyle habits, laboratory tests, and comorbidities, a significant association was observed between FI and elevated CVD risk (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.21–1.79, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis uncovered a strong correlation between FI and CVD among participants aged 45–65 years (OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.31–2.43). In the participants to aged 66 and above, this correlation persisted (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01–1.70).

Conclusions

This study reveals a significant positive correlation between FI and CVD. Middle-aged and older adults are considered high-risk population for developing CVD, thus emphasizing the importance of screening and timely intervention.
Landscapes, settlers, and workforce in colonial Catamarca (Northwestern Argentina, 16th-18th c.). A historical archaeology project
Authors: Retamero Félix , Quesada Marcos N.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a collaborative work on the impact of the European conquest and colonization on the conception, construction, and management of agropastoral landscapes in Eastern Catamarca (Northwestern Argentina). This research forms part of a broader project that includes case studies from Iberian and Canarian conquest and colonization contexts from the late medieval period onward. Every colonial experiences studied so far were founded on the destruction or severe transformation of the existing society, beginning with the population itself, and the productive areas and practices. The understanding of the new colonial order requires knowledge of the previous conditions upon which further destruction and construction coexisted, as well as the adaptative tools managed both of the indigenous population and of the colonizers in the specific resulting societies. In spite of the local diversity of the new societies, some common trends can be identified in the previous peasant organizations elsewhere and in the aims and methods of the colonization. In this work, we present the main characteristics of the población process of eastern Catamarca, both in the central valley and in the mountain range then known as Sierra de Santiago or, more lately, de Guayamba (present day Ancasti), between the late 16th and 18th centuries. Using both textual and archaeological evidence in an articulated manner, we analyze how the new colonial landscapes and practices were constructed in these two areas, focusing mainly on the procedures of dispossession and the forms of capturing and consuming labor force. One of the main conclusions of the work is that, despite the initial and decisive importance of European-origin livestock in indigenous dispossession, especially in the Sierra de Santiago, the consolidation of the conquest demanded the establishment of settlers who were also farmers. We will present three cases of settlement related to agricultural development involving people initially arriving from afar: on one hand, displaced people resettled in an estancia, family groups formed from ingas who arrived with the Spaniards during the second half of the 16th century from Peru and settled in the Sierra de Santiago, and a community of African-origin slaves associated with the irrigation system of Santa Cruz, in the Catamarca Valley. Then people of regional, Andean and African origins participated in the consolidation of the new order in eastern Catamarca after being dispossessed and displaced from their places of origin. Finally, we propose some lines of future work, taking into account mainly the perspectives of generating knowledge about the colonization process from an archaeological perspective.
The arrangement of response options in multiple-choice test items: verticality is not always better
Authors: Soto Consuelo , Lions Séverin , Ortega Gabriel , Arjona Melissa , Blanco María Paz , Dartnell Pablo
Published: October 2024

Multiple-choice tests are widely used to measure learning outcomes. Consequently, constructing high-quality test items is critical, and many authors have advanced item-writing guidelines. One frequently mentioned guideline is to arrange the response options vertically. However, evidence to support this recommendation is scarce and has only been obtained for items with text-based options. This study aimed at understanding whether the arrangement of options affects performance at solving items with large-sized options, such as graphs and pictures, using objective and subjective measures. Fifty-seven high-school students completed a multiple-choice science and mathematics test with 24 four-choice items, options being graphs or pictures presented in one of four arrangements: vertical without page break, vertical with page break, Z, and inverted N. Response accuracy, response time, and perceived difficulty were obtained for each item. Subsequently, students participated in a cognitive interview about their experiences, practices, perceptions, and beliefs regarding the arrangement of options. Objective measures show that the arrangement of options hardly affected performance, the only effect being that vertical condition with page break resulted in significantly longer response times. Subjective measures show that most students favored the vertical arrangement they consider more common but negatively perceived vertical condition with page break and considered squared arrangements (Z, inverted N) to facilitate visual exploration and comparison between options, as opposed to the vertical arrangement. Results suggest that the vertical arrangement does not offer clear advantages over squared arrangements for items with large-sized options.
Altered galectin-3 distribution and migratory function in the pre-diabetic non-obese diabetic mouse thymus
Authors: Ramos Tiago Dutra Pereira , Ventura Ana Lucia Marques , Lemos Julia Pereira , Chammas Roger , Savino Wilson , Carvalho-Pinto Carla Eponina , Mendes-da-Cruz Daniella Arêas , Villa-Verde Déa Maria Serra
Published: October 2024

Galectin-3 is an endogenous lectin which binds mainly to β-galactosides on the cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. In the thymus, this lectin is constitutively expressed, being involved in thymocyte adhesion, migration, and death. Galectin-3 has been related to type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell destruction mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice represent a suitable model to study type 1 diabetes, as they develop the disease like humans. We previously described important thymic alterations in these animals such as the development of giant perivascular spaces (PVS), characterized by the retention of T and B cells, intermingled with an ECM network, and associated with a defect in the expression of the fibronectin receptor VLA-5 and reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor expression on developing thymocytes. In order to investigate galectin-3 expression in thymic microenvironmental cells and verify its interaction with cells and ECM molecules in PVS, we performed immunofluorescence following colocalization analysis in the thymic parenchyma of pre-diabetic NOD mice by confocal microscopy. In addition, thymocyte migration assays were performed to evaluate the effect of galectin-3 on NOD thymocyte migration. Herein, we showed a significant enhancement of colocalization with cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells in NOD mice, as compared to controls. In the giant PVS of these animals, we observed a heterogeneous distribution of galectin-3, predominantly found in clusters of B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Functionally, NOD thymocyte migratory response towards galectin-3 was impaired and a similar decrease was seen in transendothelial thymocyte migration. Taken together, our data provide the histological and functional background for a potential defective thymocyte migration involving galectin-3, thus placing this molecule as a further player in the intrathymic disturbances observed in pre-diabetic NOD mice.
Idbview: a database and interactive platform for respiratory-associated disease
Authors: Peng Bingming , Luo Tingting , Fu Xingmeng , Zhou Yingzhen , Fu Zhou , Wang Ting
Published: October 2024

Public databases have become invaluable resources for disease research, particularly in the realm of identifying and validating biomarkers, thus playing a significant role in enhancing our understanding of respiratory diseases. To facilitate this understanding, the development of user-friendly analytical tools and advanced systematic models that leverage the growing omics data and clinical information datasets is essential. Despite the importance of such resources, the research progress related to respiratory diseases is hindered by the absence of a centralized platform housing easily accessible datasets and accompanying visualization tools. In an effort to streamline and standardize information sharing across diverse respiratory research initiatives, we introduce Idbview, a specialized digital database focusing on respiratory conditions, offering interactive visualization functionalities powered by both Vue and R Shiny applications. Idbview brings together clinical data and various omics datasets, serving as a centralized repository, while also providing users with a suite of interactive tools to analyze and visualize data from multiple perspectives. As a comprehensive resource hub, Idbview aims to support the research community in conducting further studies in both clinical and bioinformatics domains, with the website accessible at https://idbview.com.
Wind-driven nearshore overturning currents off the northeastern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea in winter
Authors: Hu Luoyu , Zhai Fangguo , Liu Zizhou , Gu Yanzhen , Wu Wenfan , Li Peiliang , Liu Jianying , Ding Jinqiang , Sun Liyuan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The nearshore sea off the northeastern Shandong Peninsula is characterized by intensive mariculture, whose ecosystem is involved in the large marine ecosystem of the Yellow Sea. However, ocean currents in this area are poorly explored. Observations suggested overturning currents were robust phenomena in winter in this area.

Methods

Numerical simulations and experiments were used to investigate the mechanisms of overturning currents.

Results

There were two classes of wind-driven overturning currents. One consisted of surface southeastward currents, nearshore downwelling currents, and bottom northeastward currents. The other consisted of surface northeastward currents, nearshore upwelling currents, and bottom southwestward currents.

Discussion

The underlying dynamics involved local wind forcing and propagation of coastal trapped waves (CTWs). Northwesterly winds in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea drove surface southward currents and converged water toward coastline off the northeastern Shandong Peninsula, generating nearshore sea level rising. The resultant southward sea level slope drove nearshore bottom northward currents. Meanwhile, high sea level in the southern part of Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea also propagated as CTWs clockwise around the Shandong Peninsula, which further enhanced nearshore bottom northward currents and caused eastward currents in the entire water column off the northeastern Shandong Peninsula. Southwesterly winds in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea drove surface northward currents, generating nearshore sea level dropping off the northeastern Shandong Peninsula. The resultant northward sea level slope caused bottom southward currents. Meanwhile, the southwesterly winds caused CTWs with low sea level in the south part of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The northward sea level slope of CTWs enhanced nearshore bottom southwestward currents. The current study emphasized winds in winter drove not only local currents but also propagation of CTWs in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea. The sea level slope of CTWs regulated surface and bottom Ekman layers driven by local winds.
Can high-fidelity 3D models be a good alternative for cadaveric materials in skill assessment for endoscopic sinus surgery? A comparison study in assessment for surgical performance in 3D models and cadavers
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Watanabe Ryosuke , Nakazono Akira , Nakamaru Yuji , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kimura Shogo , Matoba Kotaro , Murakami Manabu , Hinder Dominik , Psaltis A. J. , Homma Akihiro , Wormald P. J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Traditionally formal assessment of surgical skills has not been part of a surgeon’s accreditation process. The widely adopted apprentice model of “on-the-job training” does create additional risk for the patients. In the past surgical training has used cadavers, but these are expensive, require dedicated wet-lab facilities and are in increasingly short supply. In many countries religious and cultural practices also preclude cadaveric use. Recent 3D-printed technology allows mass reproduction of high-fidelity 3D models. In this study, we examined the utility of 3D sinus models compared to cadaver dissection for surgical skill assessment for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Materials and methods

A total of 17 otolaryngologists performed Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) on 3D printed sinus models and then repeated these procedures on cadavers. Their surgical performance was assessed with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) score for ESS and time was taken to complete an ESS procedure. Their performance on the 3D models and cadavers was compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in the OSATS score between 3D models and cadavers (50.41 ± 13.31 vs. 48.29 ± 16.01, p = 0.36). There was a strong positive correlation between the score in 3D models and those in cadavers (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in time for a mini-ESS (21:29 ± 0:10 vs. 20:33 ± 0:07, p = 0.53). There were positive correlations between 3D models and cadavers in time taken for a mini-ESS (r = 0.55, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The surgical performance on the 3D models was comparable to that on cadavers. This supports the utility of the 3D models as an inexhaustible alternative for cadavers in ESS surgical skill assessment.
Motion artifact variability in biomagnetic wearable devices
Authors: Ghahremani Arekhloo Negin , Wang Huxi , Parvizi Hossein , Tanwear Asfand , Zuo Siming , McKinlay Michael , Garcia Nuñez Carlos , Nazarpour Kianoush , Heidari Hadi
Published: October 2024

Motion artifacts can be a significant noise source in biomagnetic measurements when magnetic sensors are not separated from the signal source. In ambient environments, motion artifacts can be up to ten times stronger than the desired signals, varying with environmental conditions. This study evaluates the variability of these artifacts and the effectiveness of a gradiometer in reducing them in such settings. To achieve these objectives, we first measured the single channel output in varying magnetic field conditions to observe the effect of homogeneous and gradient background fields. Our analysis revealed that the variability in motion artifact within an ambient environment is primarily influenced by the gradient magnetic field rather than the homogeneous one. Subsequently, we configured a gradiometer in parallel and vertical alignment with the direction of vibration (X-axis). Our findings indicated that in a gradient background magnetic field ranging from 1 nT/mm to 10 nT/mm, the single-channel sensor output exhibited a change of 164.97 pT per mm unit increase, while the gradiometer output showed a change of only 0.75 pT/mm within the same range. Upon repositioning the gradiometer vertically (Y direction), perpendicular to the direction of vibration, the single-channel output slope increased to 196.85 pT, whereas the gradiometer output only increased by 1.06 pT/mm for the same range. Our findings highlight the influence of ambient environments on motion artifacts and demonstrate the potential of gradiometers to mitigate these effects. In the future, we plan to record biomagnetic signals both inside and outside the shielded room to compare the efficacy of different gradiometer designs under varying environmental conditions.
Connectivity changes in two-channel prefrontal ERP associated with early cognitive decline in the elderly population: beta band responses to the auditory oddball stimuli
Authors: Bae Jang-Han , Choi Minho , Lee Jang Jae , Lee Kun Ho , Kim Jaeuk U.
Published: October 2024

Background

This study utilized recent advancements in electroencephalography (EEG) technology that enable the measurement of prefrontal event-related potentials (ERPs) to facilitate the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated two-channel prefrontal ERP signals obtained from a large cohort of elderly participants and compare among cognitively normal (CN), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic MCI (aMCI), and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) groups.

Methods

Signal processing and ERP component analyses, specifically adapted for two-channel prefrontal ERP signals evoked by the auditory oddball task, were performed on a total of 1,754 elderly participants. Connectivity analyses were conducted to assess brain synchronization, especially in the beta band involving the phase locking value (PLV) and coherence (COH). Time-frequency, time-trial, grand average, and further statistical analyses of the standard and target epochs were also conducted to explore differences among the cognition groups.

Results

The MCI group’s response to target stimuli was characterized by greater response time variability (p < 0.001) and greater variability in the P300 latency (p < 0.05), leading to less consistent responses than those of the healthy control (HC) group (CN+SCD subgroups). In the connectivity analyses of PLV and COH waveforms, significant differences were observed, indicating a loss of synchronization in the beta band in response to standard stimuli in the MCI group. In addition, the absence of event-related desynchronization (ERD) indicated that information processing related to readiness and task performance in the beta band was not efficient in the MCI group. Furthermore, the observed decline in the P200 amplitude as the standard trials progressed suggests the impaired attention and inhibitory processes in the MCI group compared to the HC group. The aMCI subgroup showed high variability in COH values, while the naMCI subgroup showed impairments in their overall behavioral performance.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the variability and connectivity measures can be used as markers of early cognitive decline; such measures can be assessed with simple and fast two-channel prefrontal ERP signals evoked by both standard and target stimuli. Our study provides deeper insight of cognitive impairment and the potential use of the prefrontal ERP connectivity measures to assess early cognitive decline.