bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Opioid and Non-Opioid Analgesic Consumption in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Conditions
Authors: Carrasco-Garrido Pilar , Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , Jiménez-Trujillo Isabel , Gallardo-Pino Carmen , Fernández-de-las-Peñas Cesar
Published: October 2023

Pain is a major health issue for healthcare systems, and access to pain treatment is a fundamental human right. Pain is a common symptom experienced in the post-COVID phase by a significant percentage of patients. This study describes the prevalence and associated factors associated with the use of opioid and non-opioid analgesics in subjects with post-COVID-19 condition. Sociodemographic data, post-COVID symptoms, health profile, and opioid and non-opioid analgesic consumption were collected in 390 subjects with post-COVID-19 condition. We analyzed the independent effect of all variables on opioid/non-opioid analgesic consumption by using logistic multivariate regressions. The prevalence of opioid and non-opioid analgesic consumption was 24.1% and 82.3%, respectively. Tramadol (17.18%) and codeine (7.95%) were the most commonly used opioid analgesics, and Paracetamol (70%) and ibuprofen (45.4%) were the most commonly used non-opioid analgesics. Females were more likely to consume non-opioid analgesics (aOR2.20, 95%CI 1.15, 4.22) than males. Marital status of married/partner vs. single (aOR2.96; 95% CI 1.43, 6.12), monthly income < EUR 1000 VS. > EUR 2000 (aOR3.81; 95% CI 1.37, 10.61), number of post-COVID symptoms < 5 (aOR2.64, 95%CI 1.18, 5.87), and anxiolytics consumption (aOR 1.85, 95%CI 1.05, 3.25) were associated with a greater likelihood of opioid analgesic consumption. Age > 55 years (aOR3.30, 95%CI 1.34, 8.09) and anxiolytics consumption (aOR2.61, 95%CI 1.36, 4.98) were associated with a greater likelihood of non-opioid analgesic consumption. Opioid analgesic consumption was highly associated (aOR 3.41, 95%CI 1.27, 6.11) with non-opioid analgesic consumption. The prevalence of opioid analgesic and non-opioid analgesic consumption in individuals with post-COVID-19 condition was 24.1% and 82.3%. Females with post-COVID-19 condition showed higher non-opioid analgesic consumption than men. Predictors of opioid consumption were marital status, lower monthly income, number of post-COVID symptoms, and anxiolytic consumption. Older age and anxiolytic consumption were predictors of non-opioid consumption.
A Lethal Combination of Delirium and Overcrowding in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bonfichi Alessandra , Ceresa Iride Francesca , Piccioni Andrea , Zanza Christian , Longhitano Yaroslava , Boudi Zoubir , Esposito Ciro , Savioli Gabriele
Published: October 2023

Delirium is a common public health concern that significantly impacts older patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). This condition is linked to adverse outcomes such as reduced long-term functionality, higher mortality rates, extended hospital stays, and increased medical costs. The identification of risk factors is crucial for the early recognition and management of delirium in ED patients. Aging, cognitive decline, polypharmacy, and sensory impairment are some of the most common general risk factors described in the literature. Although validated delirium assessment tools already exist, they are not practical for the fast-paced ED environment because of their extended evaluation period or specialized training request. Moreover, clear guidance is needed to select the most suitable tool for detecting delirium, balancing between the accuracy and the swiftness required in an overcrowded, high-stress, and understaffed healthcare setting. This narrative review aims to analyze the updated literature on delirium risk factors in older ED patients and focuses on the methods for better screening, managing, and treating this condition in the ED.
Incidence, Management, and Hospital Costs of Orthopaedic Injuries of E-Scooter Riders in Western Australia
Authors: Raubenheimer Kyle , Szeliga Katherine , Manara Jonathan R. , Fatovich Daniel M. , Plant James G. A. , Blakeney William G.
Published: October 2023

The use of electric scooters (e-scooters) is increasing in Australia and internationally. The increasing availability of e-scooters has led to a rise in the number of injuries, with most patients sustaining orthopaedic injuries. This retrospective case series describes the incidence, management, and hospital costs of the orthopaedic injuries, which presented to the emergency department (ED) of the major trauma center in Western Australia. Data on demographics, ED dispatch destination, management, follow-up clinics, and hospital costs were collected between 2017 and 2022. Since June 2020, there have been 61 e-scooter crashes, which resulted in orthopaedic injuries, with more than half of the crashes occurring after the introduction of regional e-scooter sharing schemes. Thirty-two patients (52%) were admitted to the hospital. The most common orthopaedic fracture was to the upper limb (44%), followed by the lower limb (41%) and the axial skeleton (15%). Fourteen (23%) patients sustained more than one fracture. Twenty-two patients (36%) required operative management. The median number of outpatient clinic attendances per patient was 3 (interquartile range (IQR): 1–5), with inpatients requiring twice the number of clinics as compared to those discharged from the ED. The median cost per presentation was AU$5880.60 (IQR: AU$1283.10–AU$21,150.90) with inpatient costs exceeding those discharged from the ED. The range of the total costs was AU$413.80 to AU$100,239.80. The rise in the accessibility of e-scooters in Western Australia has led to a rise in ED presentations with orthopaedic injuries. Considering the recent implementation of e-scooter sharing schemes in metropolitan areas, ongoing surveillance of e-scooter injuries by clinicians and policy makers is warranted to inform harm minimization strategies.
The Effects of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Inflammatory Profile in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure of Different Severity
Authors: Kourek Christos , Briasoulis Alexandros , Karatzanos Eleftherios , Zouganeli Virginia , Psarra Katherina , Pratikaki Maria , Alevra-Prokopiou Androula , Skoularigis John , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Nanas Serafim , Dimopoulos Stavros
Published: October 2023

Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are common pathophysiological characteristics of chronic heart failure (CHF). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recognized as useful markers of vascular damage and endothelial repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on EPCs and inflammatory profile in CHF patients of different severity. Forty-four patients with stable CHF underwent a 36-session cardiac rehabilitation program. They were separated into two different subgroups each time, according to the median peak VO2, predicted peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope, and ejection fraction. EPCs, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. Flow cytometry was used for the quantification of EPCs. Mobilization of EPCs increased and the inflammatory profile improved within each severity group (p < 0.05) after the cardiac rehabilitation program, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). A 36-session cardiac rehabilitation program has similar beneficial effects on the mobilization of EPCs and on the inflammatory profile in patients with CHF of different severity.
The Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Intra-Articular Injections with Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroids in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis: A Long-Term Real-World Analysis
Authors: Ronconi Gianpaolo , Codazza Sefora , Panunzio Maurizio , La Cagnina Fabiana , Ariani Mariantonietta , Gatto Dario Mattia , Coraci Daniele , Ferrara Paola Emilia
Published: October 2023

Intra-articular (IA) ultrasound-guided hip injections are currently considered a cornerstone of the conservative management of symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (HOA), although their effect on clinical outcomes has not been fully elucidated.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided IA hip injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) with or without corticosteroids (CS) on pain relief and functional improvement in patients with HOA. In total, 167 patients with HOA were assessed at baseline (T0) and 12 months after injection (T1) using the VAS and GLFS scores. The sample consisted mainly of female subjects (58.1%), presenting an average age of 70.6 ± 12.2 years and grade 3 HOA (63.9%) according to the Kellgren–Lawrence classification. Most of the patients (76.2%) underwent unilateral hip injection with a combination of medium-high molecular weight HA (1500–2000 kDa) and CS. At T1, lower use of anti-inflammatory drugs, an increase in the consumption of chondroprotectors, and an overall reduction of instrumental physical therapies and therapeutic exercise were recorded. In addition, a statistically significant intragroup and between-group decrease observed at T1 for both the VAS and GLFS. Study results suggested that intra-articular hip injections with HA alone and with CS could represent a useful therapeutic tool for pain reduction and functional improvement for patients with hip osteoarthritis.
Preparation of Self-Assembled, Curcumin-Loaded Nano-Micelles Using Quarternized Chitosan–Vanillin Imine (QCS-Vani Imine) Conjugate and Evaluation of Synergistic Anticancer Effect with Cisplatin
Authors: Sripetthong Sasikarn , Nalinbenjapun Sirinporn , Basit Abdul , Surassmo Suvimol , Sajomsang Warayuth , Ovatlarnporn Chitchamai
Published: October 2023

Nano-micelles are self-assembling colloidal dispersions applied to enhance the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, the conjugate of quarternized chitosan and vanillin imine (QCS-Vani imine) was synthesized using the reaction of a Schiff base characterized by proton-NMR (1HNMR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), particle size, and zeta potential of the resulting product were determined. The QCS-Vani imine conjugate was used as a carrier for the development of curcumin-loaded nano-micelles, and their entrapment efficiency (%EE), drug-loading capacity (%LC) and in vitro release were investigated using HPLC analysis. Moreover, the nano-micelles containing curcumin were combined with various concentrations of cisplatin and evaluated for a possible anticancer synergistic effect. The anticancer activity was evaluated against lung cancer A549 and mouse fibroblast L929 cell lines. The percent yield (%) of the QCS-Vani imine conjugate was 93.18%. The curcumin-loaded QCS-Vani imine nano-micelles were characterized and found to have a spherical shape (by TEM) with size < 200 nm (by DLS) with high %EE up to 67.61% and %LC up to 6.15 ± 0.41%. The loaded lyophilized powder of the nano-micelles was more stable at 4 °C than at room temperature during 120 days of storage. pH-sensitive release properties were observed to have a higher curcumin release at pH 5.5 (cancer environment) than at pH 7.4 (systemic environment). Curcumin-loaded QCS-Vani imine nano-micelles showed higher cytotoxicity and selectivity toward lung cancer A549 cell lines and exhibited lower toxicity toward the normal cell (H9C2) than pure curcumin. Moreover, the curcumin-loaded QCS-Vani imine nano-micelles exhibited an enhanced property of inducing cell cycle arrest during the S-phase against A549 cells and showed prominently induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells compared to that with curcumin. The co-treatment of cisplatin with curcumin-loaded QCS-Vani imine nano-micelles presented an enhanced anticancer effect, showing 8.66 ± 0.88 μM as the IC50 value, in comparison to the treatment with cisplatin alone (14.22 ± 1.01 μM). These findings suggest that the developed QCS-Vani imine nano-micelle is a potential drug delivery system and could be a promising approach for treating lung cancer in combination with cisplatin.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System
Authors: Jung Wongwan , Chang Daejun
Published: October 2023

This study proposed a deep reinforcement learning-based energy management strategy (DRL-EMS) that can be applied to a hybrid electric ship propulsion system (HSPS) integrating liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel gas supply system (FGSS), proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and lithium-ion battery systems. This study analyzed the optimized performance of the DRL-EMS and the operational strategy of the LH2-HSPS. To train the proposed DRL-EMS, a reward function was defined based on fuel consumption and degradation of power sources during operation. Fuel consumption for ship propulsion was estimated with the power for balance of plant (BOP) of the LH2 FGSS and PEMFC system. DRL-EMS demonstrated superior global and real-time optimality compared to benchmark algorithms, namely dynamic programming (DP) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP)-based EMS. For various operation cases not used in training, DRL-EMS resulted in 0.7% to 9.2% higher operating expenditure compared to DP-EMS. Additionally, DRL-EMS was trained to operate 60% of the total operation time in the maximum efficiency range of the PEMFC system. Different hydrogen fuel costs did not affect the optimized operational strategy although the operating expenditure (OPEX) was dependent on the hydrogen fuel cost. Different capacities of the battery system did not considerably change the OPEX.
Biochemical Changes in Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery: New Insights
Authors: Ferreira Luan Oliveira , Vasconcelos Victoria Winkler , Lima Janielle de Sousa , Vieira Neto Jaime Rodrigues , da Costa Giovana Escribano , Esteves Jordana de Castro , de Sousa Sallatiel Cabral , Moura Jonathan Almeida , Santos Felipe Ruda Silva , Leitão Filho João Monteiro , Protásio Matheus Ramos , Araújo Pollyana Sousa , Lemos Cláudio José da Silva , Resende Karina Dias , Lopes Dielly Catrina Favacho
Published: October 2023

Patients undergoing coronary revascularization with extracorporeal circulation or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may develop several biochemical changes in the microcirculation that lead to a systemic inflammatory response. Surgical incision, post-CPB reperfusion injury and blood contact with non-endothelial membranes can activate inflammatory signaling pathways that lead to the production and activation of inflammatory cells, with cytokine production and oxidative stress. This inflammatory storm can cause damage to vital organs, especially the heart, and thus lead to complications in the postoperative period. In addition to the organic pathophysiology during and after the period of exposure to extracorporeal circulation, this review addresses new perspectives for intraoperative treatment and management that may lead to a reduction in this inflammatory storm and thereby improve the prognosis and possibly reduce the mortality of these patients.
Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Microcirculation: An Assessment Study Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
Authors: De Decker Ignace , Klotz Tanja , Vu Peter , Hoeksema Henk , De Mey Kimberly , Beeckman Anse , Vermeulen Bob , Speeckaert Marijn , Blondeel Phillip , Wagstaff Marcus , Monstrey Stan , Claes Karel E. Y.
Published: October 2023

Non-invasive scar management typically involves pressure therapy, hydration with silicones or moisturizers, and UV protection. Moisture loss from scars can lead to hypertrophic scar formation. Pressure therapy reduces blood flow, fibroblast activity, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) release. This study examined various moisturizers and liquid silicone gel’s impact on microcirculation. 40 volunteers participated in a study where superficial abrasions were created to induce trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Five moisturizers (TEDRA®, TEDRA® NT1, TEDRA® NT3, Alhydran®, Lipikar®) and BAP Scar Care® silicone gel were tested. TEWL, hydration, and blood flow were measured up to 4 h post-application. Results showed that silicone had the least impact on occlusion and hydration. Alhydran® reduced blood flow the most, while Lipikar® increased it the most. TEDRA® NT1 had reduced flow compared to TEDRA® and TEDRA® NT3. All TEDRA® products exhibited high hydration, and all but silicone showed good occlusion. Moisturizers influenced skin microcirculation, with some causing decrease, while others increased flow. However, the clinical impact on scarring remains unclear compared to the evident effects of hydration and occlusion. More research is necessary to study moisturizers alone and with pressure therapy on scars, along with potential adverse effects of increased microcirculation on scars.
Surgical Technique of Central and Over-the-Top Full-Endoscopic Decompression of the Cervical Spine: A Technical Note
Authors: Bergamaschi João Paulo Machado , Brito Marcelo Botelho Soares de , Araújo Fernando Flores de , Graciano Ricardo Squiapati , Utino Edgar Takao , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Wirth Fernanda
Published: October 2023

Endoscopic surgery of the cervical spine is constantly evolving and the spectrum of its indications has expanded in recent decades. Full-endoscopic techniques have standardized the procedures for posterior and anterior access. The full-endoscopic approach was developed to treat degenerative diseases with the least possible invasion and without causing instability of the cervical spine. The posterior full-endoscopic approach is indicated for the treatment of diseases of the lateral part of the vertebral segment, such as herniations and stenoses of the lateral recess and vertebral foramen. There has been little discussion of this approach to the treatment of central stenosis of the cervical spine. This technical note describes a step-by-step surgical technique for central and over-the-top full-endoscopic decompression in the cervical spine, using a 3.7 mm working channel endoscope. This technique has already been shown to be effective in a recent case series with a 4.7 mm working channel endoscope, and may represent a new treatment option for central or bilateral lateral recess stenosis. There is also the possibility of a bilateral full-endoscopic approach, but this may be associated with greater muscle damage and a longer operative time. Case series and comparative studies should be encouraged to confirm the safety and utility of this technique.
Mapping and Exploring the Conditions and Purpose of Using Trail Paths in a Medium-Sized Suburban Environment
Authors: Botzoris George , Galanis Athanasios , Lemonakis Panagiotis , Theofilatos Athanasios
Published: October 2023

The current paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey which examines the trail path usage conditions on Peranthi Hill in Arta, a medium-sized city in northwestern Greece. The key element of the survey is the detailed mapping of the suburban trail path network of the city, and it focuses on questions about the types of activities of people who walk or bike on the trail paths and the day, time, duration and distance of their trips, as well as their equipment (bicycles, clothes, shoes, etc.). Further questions focus on maintenance and safety issues (e.g., security, guarding, cleanliness) and infrastructures which are considered necessary in order to improve the trail paths’ environment and their use. Taking into consideration that several routes are being developed on Peranthi Hill, with distinct differences in their layouts, the preferred layout is explored in relation to each activity selected by the users. The results of the questionnaire survey, and the cluster analysis specifically, aim to address these issues and assist stakeholders and policymakers in improving the trail paths in terms of their utility and usability level.
Treatment Algorithm for Management of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: An Overview of Current Techniques
Authors: Hughes Thomas , Harper Philip , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: October 2023

The management of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) should involve a treatment algorithm that takes into account prostate size, and patient’s symptoms and preference with the aim of helping with urinary symptoms and enhance quality of life. The diagnostic assessment for men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) should be comprehensive to help choose the best management strategy. Strategies from lifestyle modifications to medical treatment with alpha blockers and/or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors to surgical procedures can all be used in the management algorithm. Surgical management ranges from transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) to minimally invasive surgical therapies (MIST) including laser therapies such as Holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) and photoselective vaporisation (PVP), aquablation, Rezūm system, prostate artery embolisation (PAE), prostatic urethral lift (PUL), temporary implantable nitinol device (iTind) and Optilume BPH catheter system. BPO is a common urological condition that has a significant impact on quality of life and economic burden globally and is likely to become increasingly prevalent with an ageing population. Selecting the most appropriate treatment modality will depend on the individual patient preferences, availability of resources, cost, anatomical factors and the goals of treatment.
Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potency of 2,3-Indolo-oleanolic Acid and Some Related Derivatives
Authors: Petrova Anastasiya V. , Zueva Irina V. , Petrov Konstantin A.
Published: October 2023

In this study, the synthesis and biological activities of previously and newly synthesized oleanolic acid derivatives containing seven-membered cyclic amines at the C28 position were described. The obtained compounds were fully characterized via 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the bioactivity was evaluated by Ellman’s method. Among the tested compounds, 2,3-indolo-oleanolic acid was found to be the most active compound with an IC50 value of 0.78 µM against acetylcholinesterase. These results are significant due to the fact that research on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes by oleanolic acid, in particular indoloderivatives, is limited.
Bidirectionally Oriented Carbon Fiber/Silicone Rubber Composites with a High Thermal Conductivity and Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness
Authors: Song Jianan , Fan Yicheng , Shi Anjun
Published: October 2023

Effective thermal management and electromagnetic shielding have emerged as critical goals in contemporary electronic device development. However, effectively improving the thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance of polymer composites in multiple directions continues to pose significant challenges. In this work, inspired by the efficiency of interchange bridges in enabling vehicles to pass quickly in multiple directions, we employed a straightforward method to fabricate bidirectionally oriented carbon fiber (CF)/silicone rubber composites with an interchange-bridge-like structure. The high aspect ratio of CFs and their bidirectional orientation structure play a pivotal role in facilitating the formation of thermal and electrical pathways within the composites. Meanwhile, the bidirectionally oriented CF/silicone rubber composites showed a significant enhancement in tensile strength in both the vertical and horizontal directions, attributed to the cross-arrangement of CF arrays within the composites. At a filler content of 62.3 wt%, the bidirectionally oriented CF/silicone rubber composites had a high tensile strength of 6.18 MPa. The composites also exhibited an excellent thermal conductivity of 25.3 W/(m·K) and a remarkable electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 61.6 dB. The bidirectionally oriented CF/silicone rubber composites show potential for addressing thermal management and electromagnetic shielding issues in electronic devices.
Analysis of the Effect of the Elongation Operation on the Welding of Internal Metallurgical Discontinuities
Authors: Banaszek Grzegorz , Bajor Teresa , Kawałek Anna , Knapiński Marcin
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the results of our research into the effect of elongation on the welding of internal metallurgical discontinuities for two different geometrical shapes of a model feedstock of a selected magnesium alloy. Model discontinuities, specifically those of the metallurgical void type, were placed in various local zones of the modelled feedstock to check the influence of their location on their welding. The numerical modelling was carried out using the Forge®NxT2.1 application based on the finite element method. The results of the numerical tests were verified in laboratory conditions using the Gleeble simulator of metallurgical processes. Based on this research, it was found that the geometric shape of the feedstock material and the location of internal metallurgical discontinuities have a significant impact on the welding of discontinuities. The optimal values of the main process parameters of the elongation operation in flat dies were also determined for use in individual forging stages in order to eliminate internal metallurgical discontinuities. On the basis of the numerical studies carried out and their verification under laboratory conditions, it was concluded that a relative draft equal to 35% should be applied to weld the metallurgical discontinuities, which would result in a favorable hydrostatic pressure distribution within the discontinuities.
Reinforcement of Silty Soil via Regenerated Fiber Polymer: A Study on Microscopic Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Yan Shihao , Liu Lulu
Published: October 2023

Utilizing regenerated polyester fibers (RPFs) for the reinforcement of silty road bases not only enhances the soil’s engineering performance but also offers a sustainable method for repurposing waste polyester bottles. To investigate the engineering properties and microscopic behaviors of this reinforced silty soil, a series of extensive physico-mechanical tests were conducted, supplemented by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. These evaluations focused on the influence of variables such as fiber content, fiber length, moisture content, and curing duration on the modified soil’s performance. The fiber content of the test was 0–1%, and the fiber length was 6–17 mm. The results indicate that curing age had a less significant impact on liquid and plastic limits than the addition of fiber, along with a marginal decline in the plasticity index over time. The rate of shrinkage in the unmodified soil was between 1.04 and 1.45 times higher than that in the fiber-reinforced soil, indicating effective shrinkage control by the fibers. However, variations in maximum dry density (ρdmax) were insignificant across different fiber contents, while a slight increase was observed in the optimum moisture content (OMC) as fiber dosage increased. After a 28-day curing period, the resilient modulus and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) met highway road base design standards. A decline in unconfined compressive strength was noted when the fiber dosage exceeded 0.2%. The addition of fibers mitigated diagonal cracking and shifted the failure pattern towards a more ductile mode. This research contributes scientific insights for the broader application and promotion of silty road base improvement techniques using RPFs.
Histological Comparison of Collagenated Cancellous Equine Bone Blocks Used as Inlay or Onlay for Lateral Bone Augmentation in Rabbits
Authors: Sakaguchi Ryuichi , Xavier Samuel Porfirio , Morinaga Kenzo , Botticelli Daniele , Silva Erick Ricardo , Nakajima Yasushi , Baba Shunsuke
Published: October 2023

Background: The conformation of the recipient site for an inlay graft presents an increased contact with the parent bone compared to an onlay graft. This might favor bone growth within the inlay compared to onlay grafts. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the bone incorporation and remodeling processes of xenogeneic en bloc grafts placed using two bone grafting techniques, i.e., onlay vs. inlay. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, split-mouth study (test and control sides in the same animal), two bone grafting techniques were comparatively evaluated. The lateral aspect of the rabbit mandible was used as the recipient site, bilaterally. On one side of the mandible, the cortical bone was perforated with drills to allow a better bone formation from the bone wound and the marrow spaces. A xenogeneic bone block was fixed in the center of the prepared region, representing the onlay site. On the other side of the mandible, a 7 mm wide and 3 mm deep circumferential defect was prepared using trephines and drills. A xenogeneic bone block was fixed in the center of the defect, representing the inlay site. Two healing periods were applied in the study: 2 and 10 weeks, each represented by 10 rabbits (n = 10 for each period). Results: After 2 weeks of healing, the mean percentage of new bone was 10.4% and 23.3% at the onlay and inlay grafts, respectively (p = 0.022). After 10 weeks of healing, new bone increased to 13.2% at the onlay sites and 25.4% at the inlay sites (p = 0.080). In the 10-week period, the inlay grafts presented a homogeneous growth of new bone in all regions, while in the onlay grafts, low percentages of new bone were observed in the external regions. Conclusion: The percentage of new bone increased faster and was higher in the inlay grafts than in the onlay grafts. This outcome might be related to the self-contained conformation of the recipient site in the inlay group, which offered more sources for new bone formation compared to the one-wall conformation of the recipient sites in the onlay group. The osteoconductive properties of the biomaterial allowed the newly formed bone to reach the most peripheral regions in both groups. The osteoconductive properties of the biomaterial, together with the protection offered by the collagen membrane, allowed marginal closure of the defects by newly formed bone in the inlay group.
Recycling of Hard Disk Drive Platters via Plastic Consolidation
Authors: Skrzekut Tomasz , Wędrychowicz Maciej , Piotrowicz Andrzej
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the comparison of two methods of recycling aluminum from HDD platters—the melting method and the method of plastic consolidation. The main elements of HDD memory, i.e., data carriers (platters), were examined via the percentage share of the total HDD mass and also via EDS analysis. The most common are platters made of the aluminum alloy series 5XXX, which are covered with a thin magnetic layer made of nickel. The research involved removing data carriers from about 30 HDDs and fragmenting them. The next step was to divide the platters into three groups; one was melted, the second was subjected to plastic consolidation, and the third group was fragmented into chips and also subjected to the consolidation process. Then, in the process of co-extrusion, rods were extruded from each material, and were subjected to EDS analysis, microstructure testing, Vickers hardness, and uniaxial tensile tests, and then the obtained results were compared. The obtained results of the microstructural tests in the case of gravity cast material confirmed the presence of the Al3Ni globular phase in the matrix. In the case of pressed and extruded materials, the Al3Ni phase appeared at the Ni-AlMg contact. After plastic consolidation, all the tested rods were characterized by their comparable strength properties (a tensile strength of 250 MPa and yield strength of 105 MPa).
The Effect of Temperature on Molecular Structure of Medium-Rank Coal via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Meng , Qin Yong , Qin Yunhu , Xu Naicen , Feng Lele
Published: October 2023

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the molecular structure of four medium- and low-temperature heat-treated medium-rank coals. The FTIR spectral parameters, which consist of CH2/CH3, aromaticity (fa), aromatic carbon rate (fC), aromatic hydrogen rate (fH), oxygen-containing (C–O) rate (IR), organic matter maturity (M), and the degree of aromatic condensation (Dc), indicate different characteristics, including changes in the aromatic hydrocarbon structure, fatty hydrocarbon structure, hydroxyl structure, and oxygen-containing functional groups of medium-rank coal. The results show that with the increase in heat treatment temperature, the sulfur content in coal gradually decreases, but the C/H ratio gradually increases. Meanwhile, the content of kaolinite and pyrite in coal gradually decreases, whereas the content of dolomite and hematite gradually increases. With the increase in heat treatment temperature, the relative content of ether oxygen hydroxyl groups in the hydroxyl structure significantly decreases, but the relative content of self-associated hydroxyl groups increases. The relative content of alkyl ether (C–O) in oxygen-containing functional groups gradually increases, whereas the relative content of aromatic nucleus C=C vibration presents a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In addition, –CH2– is the majority in the structure of fatty hydrocarbons, and the absorption peak intensity of asymmetric –CH3 stretching vibration increases with the increase in heat-treated temperature. The structure of aromatic hydrocarbons mainly consists of four substituted benzene rings (except for R-303.15 K), in which the relative content of the trisubstituted benzene ring decreases with the increase in heat treatment temperature. With the increase in the heat-treated temperature of medium-rank coal, Dc, fH, fC, and fa show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, M and IR reveal a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and CH2/CH3 present a gradually decreasing trend. In conclusion, during the increase in the heat treatment temperature of medium-rank coal, the length of the fatty side chains in the fatty hydrocarbon structure becomes shorter, the number of branch chains continuously increases, and the maturity and condensation degree of organic matter first increases and then decreases. On this basis, further research on the effect of coal gasification suggests combining various technologies such as 13C NMR, XRD, and TG-MS to obtain semi-quantitative structural information of molecules in coal from different perspectives.
Research on Multiscale Modeling and Experiment of CFRP Milling
Authors: Ni Jing , Liu Haishan , Hong Zhi , Meng Aihua , Li Mingfan
Published: October 2023

High-quality milling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is of great importance for the high-performance manufacturing of structures made of this hard-to-machine material. In this paper, a multiscale finite element (FE) model, considering the thermal–mechanical coupling effect, was developed to simulate the milling process and reveal its material removal mechanism. The corresponding milling experiments were conducted to validate the simulated cutting forces and temperature, which were in good agreement with the experiment results. In the macroscale model, the Hashin failure criteria were used to estimate the failure of the composites. In the microscale model, the fibers, matrix, and the fiber–matrix interface were modeled separately, to investigate the mechanisms of material removal behavior during milling, among fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and fiber–matrix debonding. Based on the macroscale numerical and experimental results, the higher cutting speed was demonstrated to improve the surface quality of CFRP milling. According to the results from the microscale model, the material removal mechanism varies depending on the orientation of the fibers and can be divided into four stages. The outcome of this work provides guidelines to further investigate optimal manufacturing parameters for the milling of CFRP composites and their cutting mechanisms.
Individual Phenotype Does Not Impact the Outcome of Mechanical Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasties for Valgus Osteoarthritis
Authors: Streck Laura E. , Faschingbauer Martin , Brenneis Marco , Boettner Cosima S. , List Kilian , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Boettner Friedrich
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: There is an ongoing discussion about the best alignment targets in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mechanical alignment has been the standard in TKA for years. Alongside the development of various classification systems to describe the native alignment of the knee (knee phenotype), kinematic alignment restoring the individual phenotype of the knee has been advocated more recently. Alignment in TKA becomes even more challenging in knees with preoperative deformities such as valgus osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively evaluated 158 knees in 135 patients who underwent TKA with a mechanical alignment target for valgus osteoarthritis. Pre- and postoperative hip knee angle, lateral distal femur angle, and medial proximal tibial angle/tibial plate angle (pre-/postoperative) were measured on standing hip-to-ankle radiographs. Knees were grouped according to the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion and patient-related outcome measures (WOMAC, UCLA, SF-12, pain) were assessed. Results: There was no difference in outcome for mechanically aligned TKA between the different CPAK phenotypes, suggesting that mechanical alignment is an appropriate target for the different phenotypes analyzed in the study. Remaining valgus alignment was associated with decreased postoperative UCLA scores and decreased improvement in SF-12 scores (p = 0.011/p = 0.028). Within CPAK III, mechanical aligned TKA showed better postoperative UCLA Scores than TKA with valgus alignment (p = 0.015). The individual knee phenotype in patients with valgus osteoarthritis did not influence the outcome of mechanical aligned TKA operated with standardized soft-tissue release.
Metal-Cored Arc Welding of I-Profile Structure: Numerical Calculation and Experimental Measurement of Residual Stresses
Authors: Perić Mato , Garašić Ivica , Štefok Mislav , Osman Krešimir , Čikić Ante , Tonković Zdenko
Published: October 2023

In this study, numerical and experimental research of residual stresses was carried out on an I-profile structure model and welded by using the Metal-cored Arc Welding (MCAW) technique. The numerical research was carried out by sequential simulation, using the birth and death element in the thermal analysis, while the same was omitted in the mechanical analysis in order to speed up the calculation process. The measurement of residual stresses was conducted on the outer surfaces of the model at a depth of 0.015 mm below the surface. It was determined that the longitudinal stresses in the weld and its immediate surroundings are tensile, while towards the ends of the model, they change to compressive. Transversal residual stresses exist mainly around the weld itself, and the immediate surroundings and decrease towards the ends of the model. A high agreement between the numerical and experimental results was found.
Valuable Recovery Technology and Resource Utilization of Chromium-Containing Metallurgical Dust and Slag: A Review
Authors: Xu Ju , Liu Mengke , Ma Guojun , Zheng Dingli , Zhang Xiang , Hou Yanglai
Published: October 2023

As a type of metallurgical solid waste with a significant output, chromium-containing metallurgical dust and slag are gaining increasing attention. They mainly include stainless steel dust, stainless steel slag, ferrochrome dust, and ferrochrome slag, which contain significant amounts of valuable elements, such as chromium, iron, and zinc, as well as large amounts of toxic substances, such as hexavalent chromium. Achieving the harmless and resourceful comprehensive utilization of chromium-containing metallurgical dust and slag is of great significance to ensuring environmental safety and the sustainable development of resources. This paper outlines the physicochemical properties of stainless steel dust, stainless steel slag, ferrochrome dust, and ferrochrome slag. The current treatment technologies of chromium-containing metallurgical dust and slag by hydrometallurgy, the pyrometallurgical process, and the stabilization/solidification process are introduced. Moreover, the comprehensive utilization of resources of chromium-containing metallurgical dust and slag in the preparation processes of construction materials, glass ceramics, and refractories is elaborated. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance for exploring effective technology to solve the problem of chromium-containing metallurgical dust and slag.
Evolution of the Interelectrode Gap during Co-Rotating Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Zhou Shuofang , Wang Dengyong , Fu Tianyu , Zhu Di
Published: October 2023

A new co-rotating electrochemical machining method is presented to machine the complex structure inside annular parts such as flame tubes and aero-engine casings. Due to the unique shape and motion of electrodes, it is difficult to accurately compute the electric field intensity in the machining area. In this paper, the complex electric field model is simplified by conformal transformation, and the analytical solution of electric field intensity is exactly calculated. A material removal model is built on the basis of the electric field model, and the dynamic simulation of the material removal process is realized. The effects of the cathode radius, applied voltage, feed rate and initial interelectrode gap on the interelectrode gap (IEG) and material removal rate (MRR) are analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the MRR is always slightly less than the feed rate in a quasi-equilibrium state, resulting in a slow reduction in IEG. In addition, the final machining state is not affected by the initial IEG, and the MRR in a quasi-equilibrium state is determined by the feed rate. Several comparative experiments were carried out using the optimized processing parameters, in which the MRR and IEG were measured. The convex structures were successfully machined inside the annular workpiece with optimum machining parameters. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, indicating that the established model can effectively predict the evolution process of MRR and IEG.
Marine-Derived Compounds for CDK5 Inhibition in Cancer: Integrating Multi-Stage Virtual Screening, MM/GBSA Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Investigations
Authors: Shoaib Tagyedeen H. , Almogaddam Mohammed A. , Andijani Yusra Saleh , Saib Samaher Ahmad , Almaghrabi Najwa Mahmoud , Elyas Abdulaziz Fahad , Azzouni Rahmah Yasin , Awad Ehda Ahmad , Mohamed Shaimaa G. A. , Mohamed Gamal A. , Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Hussein Hazem G. A. , Osman Wadah , Ashour Ahmed , Sherif Asmaa E. , Alzain Abdulrahim A.
Published: October 2023

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, insulin secretion regulation, apoptosis, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage response, epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and myogenesis. Overactivation of CDK5 is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. Inhibiting CDK5 has shown potential in suppressing cancer development. Despite advancements in CDK5-targeted inhibitor research, the range of compounds available for clinical and preclinical trials remains limited. The marine environment has emerged as a prolific source of diverse natural products with noteworthy biological activities, including anti-cancer properties. In this study, we screened a library of 47,450 marine natural compounds from the comprehensive marine natural product database (CMNPD) to assess their binding affinity with CDK5. Marine compounds demonstrating superior binding affinity compared to a reference compound were identified through high-throughput virtual screening, standard precision and extra-precision Glide docking modes. Refinement of the selected molecules involved evaluating molecular mechanics–generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) free binding energy. The three most promising compounds, (excoecariphenol B, excoecariphenol A, and zyzzyanone B), along with the reference, exhibiting favorable binding characteristics were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 nanoseconds. These compounds demonstrated interaction stability with the target during MD simulations. The marine compounds identified in this study hold potential as effective CDK5 inhibitors and warrant subsequent experimental validation.
Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors from Polydimethylsiloxane Films with Ridge-like Surface Structures
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Xianchao , Yang Fuqian
Published: October 2023

Developing flexible sensors and actuators is of paramount importance for wearable devices and systems. In this research, we developed a simple and facile technique to construct flexible piezoresistive sensors from polydimethylsiloxane films with ridge-like surface structures and laser-induced porous graphene. Using a replication strategy, we prepared the ridge-like surface structures from sandpapers. The piezoresistive sensors exhibit excellent sensitivity with a response time of less than 50 ms and long-term cyclic stability under mechanical loading. The smallest weight they can sense is ~96 mg. We demonstrated applications of the piezoresistive sensors in the sensing of bio-related activities, including muscle contraction, finger flexion, wrist flexion, elbow bending, knee bending, swallowing, respiration, sounds, and pulses.
Exploring the Relationship between the Structural Characteristics and Mechanical Behavior of Multicomponent Fe-Containing Phases: Experimental Studies and First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Wang Dongtao , Zhang Xiaozu , Nagaumi Hiromi , Zhang Minghe , Zhou Pengfei , Wang Rui , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive understanding of the structural characteristics and mechanical behavior of Fe-containing phases is important for high-Fe-level Al-Si alloys. In this paper, the crystal characteristics, thermal stability, thermophysical properties and mechanical behavior of multicomponent α-AlFeMnSi and α-AlFeMnCrSi phases are investigated by experimental studies and first-principles calculations. The results indicate that it is easier for Fe and Cr to substitute the Mn-12j site in α-AlMnSi in thermodynamics; Cr is preferred to Fe for substituting Mn-12j/k sites due to its lower formation enthalpy after single substitutions at Mn atom sites. The α-AlFeMnCrSi phase shows higher thermal stability, modulus and intrinsic hardness and a lower volumetric thermal expansion coefficient at different temperatures due to the strong chemical bonding of Si-Fe and Si-Cr. Moreover, the α-AlFeMnCrSi phase has a higher ideal strength (10.65 GPa) and lower stacking fault energy (1.10 × 103 mJ/m2). The stacking fault energy evolution of the different Fe-containing phases is mainly attributed to the differential charge-density redistribution. The strong chemical bonds of Si-Fe, Si-Mn and Si-Cr are important factors affecting the thermophysical and mechanical behaviors of the α-AlFeMnCrSi phase.