bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotyping by sequencing suggests overwintering of Peronospora destructor in southwestern Québec, Canada
Authors: Van der Heyden Hervé , Dutilleul Pierre , Duceppe Marc‐Olivier , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Charron Jean‐Benoît , Carisse Odile
Published: December 2021

Several Peronospora species are carried by wind over short and long distances, from warmer climates where they survive on living plants to cooler climates. In eastern Canada, this annual flow of sporangia was thought to be the main source of Peronospora destructor responsible for onion downy mildew. However, the results of a recent study showed that the increasing frequency of onion downy mildew epidemics in eastern Canada is associated with warmer autumns, milder winters, and previous year disease severity, suggesting overwintering of the inoculum in an area where the pathogen is not known to be endogenous. In this study, genotyping by sequencing was used to investigate the population structure of P. destructor at the landscape scale. The study focused on a particular region of southwestern Québec—Les Jardins de Napierville—to determine if the populations were clonal and regionally differentiated. The data were characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium, characteristic of clonal organisms. Consequently, the null hypothesis of random mating was rejected when tested on predefined or nonpredefined populations, indicating that linkage disequilibrium was not a function of population structure and suggesting a mixed reproduction mode. Discriminant analysis of principal components performed with predefined population assignment allowed grouping P. destructor isolates by geographical regions, while analysis of molecular variance confirmed that this genetic differentiation was significant at the regional level. Without using a priori population assignment, isolates were clustered into four genetic clusters. These results represent a baseline estimate of the genetic diversity and population structure of P. destructor.
Heatwave breaks down the linearity between sun‐induced fluorescence and gross primary production
Authors: Martini David , Sakowska Karolina , Wohlfahrt Georg , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , van der Tol Christiaan , Porcar‐Castell Albert , Magney Troy S. , Carrara Arnaud , Colombo Roberto , El‐Madany Tarek S. , Gonzalez‐Cascon Rosario , Martín María Pilar , Julitta Tommaso , Moreno Gerardo , Rascher Uwe , Reichstein Markus , Rossini Micol , Migliavacca Mirco
Published: December 2021

Sun‐induced fluorescence in the far‐red region (SIF) is increasingly used as a remote and proximal‐sensing tool capable of tracking vegetation gross primary production (GPP). However, the use of SIF to probe changes in GPP is challenged during extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves.

Here, we examined how the 2018 European heatwave (HW) affected the GPP–SIF relationship in evergreen broadleaved trees with a relatively invariant canopy structure. To do so, we combined canopy‐scale SIF measurements, GPP estimated from an eddy covariance tower, and active pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence.

The HW caused an inversion of the photosynthesis–fluorescence relationship at both the canopy and leaf scales. The highly nonlinear relationship was strongly shaped by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), that is, a dissipation mechanism to protect from the adverse effects of high light intensity. During the extreme heat stress, plants experienced a saturation of NPQ, causing a change in the allocation of energy dissipation pathways towards SIF.

Our results show the complex modulation of the NPQ–SIF–GPP relationship at an extreme level of heat stress, which is not completely represented in state‐of‐the‐art coupled radiative transfer and photosynthesis models.
An endogenous basis for synchronisation characteristics of the circadian rhythm in proliferating Lemna minor plants
Authors: Ueno Kenya , Ito Shogo , Oyama Tokitaka
Published: December 2021

The circadian clock is a cell‐autonomous system that functions through the coordination of time information in the plant body. Synchronisation of cellular clocks is based on coordination mechanisms; the synchronisation characteristics of proliferating plants remain unclear.

The bioluminescence circadian rhythms of fronds (leaf‐like plant units) of proliferating Lemna minor plants carrying a circadian bioluminescence reporter, AtCCA1:LUC, were spatiotemporally analysed at a cell‐level resolution. We focused on spontaneous circadian organisation under constant light conditions for plants with light : dark treatment (LD grown) or without it (LL grown).

Fronds developing even from an LL‐grown parental frond showed coherent circadian rhythms among them. This allowed the maintenance of circadian rhythmicity in proliferating plants. Inside a frond, a centrifugal phase/period pattern was observed in LD‐grown plants, whereas various phase patterns with travelling waves were formed in LL‐grown plants. These patterns were model simulated by local coupling of heterogeneous cellular circadian oscillators with different initial synchronous states in fronds.

Spatiotemporal analysis of the circadian rhythms in proliferating plants reveals spontaneous synchronisation manners that are associated with local cell–cell coupling, spatial phase patterns and developmental stages.
“He fumbles at your Soul”: Emily Dickinson between the piano and the cosmos
Authors: Thomières Daniel
Published: December 2021

This essay is an attempt at unfolding the semantic implications of a sonnet by Emily Dickinson, through layer after layer of meaning, “He fumbles at your Soul.” The poem, which relates a traumatic experience, can be analyzed as an experiment in which the poet explores language, going as far as is possible in order to fathom its potential. The notion of identity is interrogated as a series of more or less conventional modes of being, which, at its deepest level, questions the meaning of life. The subject is shown as constituted by concrete metamorphoses poised between nature and culture, as well as between death and life. In conclusion, the poem puts forward an original conception of death: death is a plurality which reveals new possibilities of life.
Sublingual immunization with recombinant GroEL plus CpG‐ODN inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced inflammation and alveolar bone loss
Authors: Chang Emily , Kobayashi Ryoki , Hagiwara‐Hamano Mio , Kurita‐Ochiai Tomoko , Komiya Masamichi
Published: December 2021

It has been reported that GroEL, a heat shock protein (HSP) produced by the representative periodontopathogenic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, induces inflammation‐induced osteoclastogenesis and promotes alveolar bone resorption. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of a mucosal vaccine targeting GroEL against bone resorption induced by P. gingivalis. Female BALB/c mice received sublingual CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as an adjuvant with recombinant GroEL (rGroEL) prior to P. gingivalis exposure. Animals were euthanized 30 days after P. gingivalis inoculation. Sublingual immunization (SLI) with rGroEL elicited significant rGroEL‐specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and salivary IgA antibody (Ab) responses, and these responses were sustained for approximately 1 year. Interestingly, 10‐fold more GroEL‐specific IgA Ab‐producing cells were detected in the submandibular glands (SMGs) than in the spleen. Antigen (Ag)‐specific cells isolated from the spleen and SMGs induced significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ expression after Ag restimulation in vitro. Flow cytometry illustrated that the frequency of CD11b+ dendritic cells with enhanced expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex II molecules was significantly increased in the SMGs. Furthermore, SLI with rGroEL significantly suppressed P. gingivalis‐induced alveolar bone resorption and P. gingivalis‐stimulated tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and HSP60 expression in the gingiva.

These findings suggest that SLI with rGroEL and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide is a beneficial strategy for preventing periodontal disease, mainly by presenting Ags in the oral region and inducing antibody production in the mucosal and systemic systems.
Can I leave my hat on? A cross‐level study of multiple team membership role separation
Authors: van de Brake Hendrik J. , Berger Stefan
Published: December 2021

This article conceptualizes role separation in multiple team membership (MTM) (i.e., the extent to which a multiteamer's role within a focal team is different from his/her role in another team) as a key predictor of individual and team outcomes. Existing literature on MTM focuses primarily on the total number of concurrent teams that an individual contributes to, and thus largely ignores the potential diversity that may characterize MTM. In Study 1, we develop and validate a measure of MTM role separation that reflects differences in (a) expected work results; (b) team collaboration; (c) leader expectations; and (d) client and/or customer characteristics. In Study 2, we use field data to examine the cross‐level implications of MTM role separation. As expected, we find that MTM role separation is positively related to a multiteamer's role ambiguity within a focal team and, by extension, harms the performance of the entire focal team. This indirect relationship is not observed when a focal team's teamwork quality (TWQ) is high. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the multifaceted and multi‐level nature of MTM and help multiteamers, team leaders, and organizations deal with MTM's challenges.
Photogrammetric Record Microsoft Word Template
Authors: Author Arthur , Author Maria J. , Author S.
Published: December 2021

This is an example of an original article in the layout expected by The Photogrammetric Record. The abstract is a concise summary of the essential elements of the paper and should not contain detailed results. It should be no longer than 150 words. This template indicates how a paper submitted to the journal should be structured and formatted, including figures, tables, mathematics and references.
Identification of Malus halliana R2R3‐MYB gene family under iron deficiency stress and functional characteristics of MhR2R3‐MYB4 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Z.‐X. , Zhang R. , Wang S.‐C. , Zhang D. , Zhao T. , Liu B. , Wang Y.‐X. , Wu Y.‐X.
Published: December 2021

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Fe deficiency can trigger leaf chlorosis and reduce fruit yield. Therefore, it is necessary to explore transcription factors in response to Fe deficiency stress.

A total of 29 MhR2R3‐MYB transcription factors were identified based on the transcriptome of Malus halliana under Fe deficiency stress. A comprehensive analysis of physical and chemical properties, gene structures, conserved motif composition, evolutionary relationship and chromosome distribution was performed. Subsequently, based on the transcriptome, 14 genes with the most significant expression under Fe deficiency stress were screened for qRT‐PCR verification. Among them,the functional characteristics of MhR2R3‐MYB4 (MD05G1089600) were further studied in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Expression of 13 out of these 14 genes was upregulated, only one was downregulated. Maximum upregulation of MhR2R3‐MYB4 under Fe deficiency was 36.39‐fold and 58.21‐fold compared with day 0 in leaves and roots, respectively. Overexpression of MhR2R3‐MYB4 enhanced tolerance to Fe deficiency in A. thaliana and led to multiple biochemical changes: transgenic lines have higher chl a, chl b and Fe2+ content, higher enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT and FCR) and lower chlorosis than the wild type in Fe deficiency conditions.

We suggest that MhR2R3‐MYB4 plays an important part in Fe deficiency stress, which may contribute to improve Fe deficiency tolerance of apple in future.
Potential application of bacteriocins for sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Nayak Ashwath , Karunasagar Indrani , Chakraborty Anirban , Maiti Biswajit
Published: December 2021

The emergence and prevalence of bacterial pathogens in freshwater aquaculture systems is a growing concern as the economic losses associated with diseases are mounting and impacting the fishery sector. One way of controlling fish mortality and morbidity is using bacteriocin‐secreting probiotics, which are generally considered safe without any adverse effects that usually accompany other treatment strategies. Understanding the mode of action of bacteriocin on pathogens is vital for considering them suitable for application as a prophylactic in aquaculture. Although several measures such as antibiotic treatment, chemotherapy, vaccination, etc., are available, though not without concerns, these methods have limitations for field‐level applications since they result in several adverse effects both for the animals and the aquatic environment affecting several species in the food chain. In this situation, the use of bacteriocin can be an excellent alternative to minimize the disease burden in freshwater aquaculture if delivered appropriately. Here, we provide an update on the various bacteriocins and their mode of action against important pathogens encountered in aquaculture.
A family‐centred perspective on the arteriovenous fistula in end‐stage renal disease: Findings from dyadic interviews
Authors: Sousa Helena , Bártolo Ana , Ribeiro Oscar , Figueiredo Daniela
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The preservation of a well‐functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is crucial for successful dialysis in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD); nonetheless, complications are frequent which leads to lower quality of life, hospitalisations and death. Self‐care behaviours help to reduce the risk of complications and family caregivers can play an important role as partners for behaviour change. However, the patient and family caregiver's experiences with such an invasive intervention are largely unknown.

Aims

This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with ESRD and their family caregivers with the AVF through joint interviews.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with a purposive sample. Semi‐structured joint interviews were conducted with 14 dyads (28 participants) composed of patients on haemodialysis with AVF and their respective family caregivers. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and submitted to thematic analysis.

Findings

Four major themes were identified: (i) AVF negative impacts; (ii) (un)presence of self‐care behaviours; (iii) AVF self‐management facilitators and (iv) AVF self‐management barriers.

Discussion

The findings suggested that more attention needs to be paid to patients’ and their family caregivers’ support needs (e.g. fears, concerns, knowledge, adherence barriers and facilitators) regarding AVF self‐management. The dyads seem to be aware of how to take care of the AVF; however, self‐care behaviours still need to be improved.

Conclusion

Innovative interventions need to follow an interdisciplinary approach with an educational and support component. The integration of family caregivers should also be considered, since this study evidenced their lack of knowledge and skills, and willingness to participate in these initiatives.
Not seeing the elephant in the room: How policy discourses shape frontline work with child poverty
Authors: Nørup Iben , Jacobsen Betina
Published: December 2021

Based on strong discourses of individualization, active welfare reforms in Denmark have changed the financial security of vulnerable families and increased numbers of children are growing up in poverty. This study investigates how poverty is reflected in frontline workers' categorizations of children considered vulnerable. Empirically, the study draws on qualitative group interviews with 56 informants and descriptive results from two surveys with almost 2000 respondents each. Findings are analysed using Foucault's theory of disciplinary power. The findings give an important insight as to how policy discourse influences and steers the moral and professional judgement in the frontline and why social work with vulnerable clients takes on particular forms. The results show that frontline workers implement and reproduce an individualised discourse found in recent social policy reforms while overlooking societal structures defining the individual's possibilities. In particular, poverty is left unrecognised, as categorizations of ‘normal’ versus ‘vulnerable’ revolve around family relations and perception of personal shortcomings of the parents.
Mining crowdsourced trajectory and geo‐tagged data for spatial‐semantic road map construction
Authors: Huang Jincai , Zhang Yunfei , Deng Min , He Zhengbing
Published: December 2021

The road map is a fundamental part of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), and is widely applied in navigation, smart transportation, and mobile location services. Recently, with the ubiquity of positioning devices, crowdsourced trajectories have become a significant data resource for road map construction and updating. However, existing trajectory‐based methods mainly place emphasis on extracting road geometry features and may ignore continuous updating of road semantic information. Hence, we propose a divide‐and‐conquer method to construct a spatial‐semantic road map by incorporating multiple data sources (e.g., crowdsourced trajectories and geo‐tagged data). The proposed method divides road map construction into two sub‐tasks, road structure reconstruction and road attributes inference. The road structure reconstruction process starts to partition raw trajectory data into different cliques of roadways and road intersections, and then extracts various targeted road structures by analyzing the turning modes in different trajectory cliques. The road attributes inference process aims to infer three pieces of crucial semantic information about road speeds, turning rules, and road names from crowdsourced trajectories and geo‐tagged data. The case studies in Wuhan were examined to illustrate that the proposed method can construct a routable road map with enhanced geometric structures and rich semantic information, providing a beneficial data solution for car navigation and SDI update.
“Let Me Double‐Check That”: A Challenge forConciliationism
Authors: Anaya Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Double‐checking one's reasoning is a perfectly normal way of responding to a disagreement between peers. I argue that conciliationist approaches lack the resources to accommodate this phenomenon adequately. On the one hand, conciliationists cannot claim that double‐checking is a rationally impermissible response to disagreement because a compelling case for its permissibility appeals to arguments analogous to those often used by conciliationist in favour of their own view. On the other, they lack the resources to accommodate double‐checking as a rationally permissible response to disagreement. To show this, I draw a distinction betweenstrongandmoderateversions ofconciliationism. Thestrongversion accepts, whereas the moderate version rejects, that the conciliatory obligation exhausts the rational requirements engendered by disagreements. Strong conciliationists cannot explain the motivation for someone to double‐check if they have followed the conciliationists advice.Moderateconciliationists who try to make space for double‐checking are forced to concede that disputants can respond rationally to disagreementwithoutlowering their confidence in the disputed belief.
Human pegivirus type 1 infection in kidney transplant recipients: Replication kinetics and clinical correlates
Authors: Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Forque Lorena , Albert Eliseo , Redondo Natalia , Giménez Estela , López‐Medrano Francisco , González Esther , Polanco Natalia , Ruiz‐Merlo Tamara , Parra Patricia , San Juan Rafael , Andrés Amado , Aguado José María , Navarro David
Published: December 2021

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that infection with the nonpathogenic human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV‐1) exerts a clinical benefit in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, which could be attributable to immunomodulatory effects. Whether this impact can be extrapolated to kidney transplantation (KT) remains largely unknown.

Methods

We measured plasma HPgV‐1 RNA by real‐time polymerase chain reaction targeting the 5′ untranslated region at various points (pretransplantation, day 7, months 1, 3, 6, and 12) in 199 KT recipients. Study outcomes included posttransplant serious infection, immunosuppression‐related adverse event (opportunistic infection and/or de novo cancer), and acute graft rejection.

Results

HPgV‐1 infection was demonstrated in 52 (26.1%) patients, with rates increasing from 14.7% at baseline to 19.1% by month 12 (p‐value = .071). De novo infection occurred in 13.8% of patients with no detectable HPgV‐1 RNA before transplantation. Double‐organ (liver–kidney or kidney–pancreas) transplantation (odds ratio [OR]: 5.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–20.82) and donation after brain death (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.00–4.88) were associated with posttransplant HPgV‐1 infection, whereas pretransplant hypertension was protective (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09–0.55). There were no significant differences in the incidence of study outcomes according to HPgV‐1 status. Plasma HPgV‐1 RNA levels at different points did not significantly differ between patients that subsequently developed outcomes and those remaining free from these events. No correlation between HPgV‐1 RNA and immune parameters or torque teno virus DNA load was observed either.

Conclusion

Unlike patients living with HIV, HPgV‐1 infection does not seem to influence patient or graft outcomes after KT.
SPIRITUAL ANIMALS: SENSE‐MAKING, SELF‐TRANSCENDENCE, AND LIBERAL NATURALISM
Authors: MacKenzie Matthew
Published: December 2021

Owen Flanagan has advocated for an interdisciplinary, cross‐cultural inquiry into the nature and optimal conditions of human flourishing that he aptly terms eudaimonics. For Flanagan flourishing is multifaceted, involving biological, psychological, and social dimensions. In this article, I will explore the spiritual dimension of human flourishing from a liberal naturalist perspective. My first core claim is that, at the root of human experience, there are capacities for sense‐making and self‐transcendence. These capacities allow us, indeed drive us, to create, maintain, and transform spiritual ecologies. These ecologies allow us to find meaning, value, and purpose in our individual and shared worlds—that is, to be spiritually at home. My second core claim is that this spiritual dimension is a distinct and irreducible dimension of our flourishing. The spiritual dimension centrally involves the depth and integration of our human orientation to life. In my view, we are inescapably spiritual animals and any adequate eudaimonics must take this into account.
A comparison between left ventricular ejection time measurement methods during physiological changes induced by simulated microgravity
Authors: Orter Stefan , Möstl Stefan , Bachler Martin , Hoffmann Fabian , Mayer Christopher C. , Kaniusas Eugenijus , Reisinger Michaela , Wassertheurer Siegfried , Tank Jens , Jordan Jens , Hametner Bernhard
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

First, we validated easy‐to‐use oscillometric left ventricular ejection time (LVET) against echocardiographic LVET. Second, we investigated progression of left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), pre‐ejection period index (PEPI), total electromechanical systole index (QS2I) and PEP/LVET ratio during 60 days of head‐down tilt (HDT).

What is the main finding and its importance?

The LVETosci and LVETecho showed good agreement in effect direction. Hence, LVETosci might be useful to evaluate cardiovascular responses during space flight. Moreover, the approach might be useful for individual follow‐up of patients with altered ejection times. Furthermore, significant effects of 60 days of HDT were captured by measurements of LVETI, PEPI, QS2I and PEP/LVET ratio.

Systolic time intervals that are easy to detect might be used as parameters reflecting cardiovascular deconditioning. We compared left ventricular ejection time (LVET) measured via ultrasound Doppler on the left ventricular outflow tract with oscillometrically measured LVET, measured at the brachialis. Furthermore, we assessed the progression of the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), the pre‐ejection period index (PEPI), the Weissler index (PEP/LVET) and the total electromechanical systole index (QS2I) during prolonged strict head‐down tilt (HDT) bed rest, including 16 male and eight female subjects. Simultaneous oscillometric and echocardiographic LVET measurements showed significant correlation (r = 0.53 with P = 0.0084 before bed rest and r = 0.73 with P < 0.05 on the last day of bed rest). The shortening of LVET during HDT bed rest measured with both approaches was highly concordant in their effect direction, with a concordance rate of 0.96. Our results also demonstrated a significant decrease of LVETI (P < 0.0001) and QS2I (P = 0.0992) and a prolongation of PEPI (P = 0.0049) and PEP/LVET (P = 0.0003) during HDT bed rest over 60 days. Four days after bed rest, LVETI recovered completely to its baseline value. Owing to the relationship between shortening of LVETI and heart failure progression, the easy‐to‐use oscillometric method might not only be a useful way to evaluate the cardiovascular system during space flights, but could also be of high value in a clinical setting.
Social isolation is a direct determinant of decreased home‐cage activity in mice: A within‐subjects study using a body‐implantable actimeter
Authors: Funabashi Daisuke , Wakiyama Yusuke , Muto Naoya , Kita Ichiro , Nishijima Takeshi
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

It is generally recognized that social isolation is associated with physical inactivity, but is social isolation a direct determinant of decreased physical activity?

What is the main finding and its importance?

We conducted a within‐subjects experiment with the aid of a body‐implantable actimeter. Our results clearly demonstrated that social isolation decreased home‐cage activity in mice. This might have resulted from increased immobility and decreased vigorous activity, suggesting that avoidance of social isolation is important to prevention of physical inactivity.

An inactive lifestyle can have a negative impact on physiological and mental health. Social isolation is associated with physical inactivity; however, it remains uncertain whether social isolation is a direct determinant of decreased physical activity. Hence, we assessed whether social isolation decreases home‐cage activity using a within‐subjects design and examined the effects of social isolation on hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. This study used a body‐implantable actimeter called nanotag, which enabled us to measure home‐cage activity despite housing the mice in groups. Initially, we examined the influence of the intraperitoneal implantation of nanotag on home‐cage activity. Although nanotag implantation decreased home‐cage activity temporarily, at 7 days postimplantation the activity recovered to the same level as that of control (non‐implanted) mice, suggesting that implantation of nanotag does not have a negative influence on home‐cage activity if mice undergo a 1 week recovery period after implantation. In the main experiment, after the 1 week baseline measurement performed with mice in group housing, the mice were placed in a group or in isolation. Home‐cage activity was measured for an additional 4 weeks. Home‐cage activity in isolated mice during the dark period decreased by 26% from pre‐intervention to the last week of intervention. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of 5 min epochs during which the activity count exceeded 301 (an index of vigorous activity) was significantly larger for isolated mice. Contrary to expectations, social isolation did not impair hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results demonstrate that social isolation is a direct determinant of decreased physical activity, possibly because of reduced vigorous physical activity.
Thermosolutal LTNE Porous Mixed Convection Under the Influence of the Soret Effect
Authors: Hemanth Kumar C. , Shankar B. M. , Shivakumara I. S.
Published: December 2021

The onset of thermosolutal convection in a fluid-saturated porous medium in the presence of a horizontal pressure gradient and the Soret effect under the two-temperature model of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) is investigated. The Darcy model with the time-dependent velocity term in the momentum equation is employed together with the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. The eighth-order eigenvalue differential equation obtained by employing linear stability analysis is solved using Galerkin's method of weighted residuals (GMWR) and also analytically. The onset of convection instills through oscillatory rather than stationary mode, and the critical stability parameters for the same are determined. The horizontal pressure gradient reinforces together with the solute concentration gradient and the scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient in evidencing mixed behavior on the criterion for the onset of oscillatory convection. Besides, the similarities and differences between the results of thermal and thermosolutal LTNE porous mixed convection are discerned.
Horizontal-Acquisition of a Promiscuous Peptidoglycan-Recycling Enzyme Enables Aphids To Influence Symbiont Cell Wall Metabolism
Authors: Smith Thomas E. , Lee Mijoon , Person Maria D. , Hesek Dusan , Mobashery Shahriar , Moran Nancy A.
Published: December 2021

Most enzymes are capable of performing biologically irrelevant side reactions. During evolution, promiscuous enzyme activities may acquire new biological roles, especially after horizontal gene transfer to new organisms.
Calcite twinning strains associated with Laramide uplifts, Wyoming Province
Authors: Craddock John P. , Malone David H. , Konstantinou* Alexandros , Spruell John , Porter Ryan
Published: December 2021

We report the results of 167 calcite twinning strain analyses (131 limestones and 36 calcite veins, n = 7368 twin measurements) from the Teton–Gros Ventre (west; n = 21), Wind River (n = 43), Beartooth (n = 32), Bighorn (n = 32), and Black Hills (east; n = 11) Laramide uplifts. Country rock limestones record only a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain fabric in many orientations across the region. Synorogenic veins record both vein-parallel shortening (VPS) and vein-normal shortening (VNS) fabrics in many orientations. Twinning strain overprints were not observed in the limestone or vein samples in the supracrustal sedimentary veneer (i.e., drape folds), thereby suggesting that the deformation and uplift of Archean crystalline rocks that form Laramide structures were dominated by offset on faults in the Archean crystalline basement and associated shortening in the midcrust. The twinning strains in the pre-Sevier Jurassic Sundance Formation, in the frontal Prospect thrust of the Sevier belt, and in the distal (eastern) foreland preserve an LPS oriented approximately E-W. This LPS fabric is rotated in unique orientations in Laramide uplifts, suggesting that all but the Bighorn Mountains were uplifted by oblique-slip faults. Detailed field and twinning strain studies of drape folds identified second-order complexities, including: layer-parallel slip through the fold axis (Clarks Fork anticline), attenuation of the sedimentary section and fold axis rotation (Rattlesnake Mountain), rotation of the fold axis and LPS fabric (Derby Dome), and vertical rotations of the LPS fabric about a horizontal axis with 35% attenuation of the sedimentary section (eastern Bighorns). Regional cross sections (E-W) across the Laramide province have an excess of sedimentary veneer rocks that balance with displacement on a detachment at 30 km depth and perhaps along the Moho discontinuity at 40 km depth. Crustal volumes in the Wyoming Province balance when deformation in the western hinterland is included.
Supplemental Material: Geochronology and geochemistry of the Huntington Formation, Olds Ferry terrane, Blue Mountains province, northern U.S. Cordillera: Implications for accreted terrane correlation and assembly
Authors: Ware Bryant , al. et
Published: December 2021

Table S1: U-Pb isotopic data.
Constraints on antisymmetric tensor fields from Bhabha scattering
Authors: Tiwary Siddharth , Dick Rainer
Published: December 2021

Antisymmetric tensor fields are a compelling prediction of string theory. This makes them an interesting target for particle physics because antisymmetric tensors may couple to electromagnetic dipole moments, thus opening a possible discovery opportunity for string theory. The strongest constraints on electromagnetic dipole couplings would arise from couplings to electrons, where these couplings would contribute to Møller and Bhabha scattering. Previous measurements of Bhabha scattering constrain the couplings to $${\tilde{M}}_e m_C>7.1\times 10^4\,{\mathrm {GeV}}^2$$

M
~

e

m
C

>
7.1
×

10
4

GeV

2

, where $$m_C$$

m
C

is the mass of the antisymmetric tensor field and $${\tilde{M}}_e$$

M
~

e

is an effective mass scale appearing in the electromagnetic dipole coupling.
Higgs and top physics reconstruction challenges and opportunities at FCC-ee
Authors: Azzi Patrizia , Gouskos Loukas , Selvaggi Michele , Simon Frank
Published: December 2021

The Higgs bosons and the top quark decay into rich and diverse final states, containing both light and heavy quarks, gluons, photons as well as W and Z bosons. This article reviews the challenges involved in reconstructing Higgs and top events at the FCC-ee and identifies the areas where novel developments are needed. The precise identification and reconstruction of these final states at the FCC-ee rely on the capability of the detector to provide excellent flavour tagging, jet energy and angular resolution, and global kinematic event reconstruction. Excellent flavour tagging performance requires low-material vertex and tracking detectors, and advanced machine learning techniques as successfully employed in LHC experiments. In addition, the Z pole run will provide abundant samples of heavy flavour partons that can be used for calibration of the tagging algorithms. For the reconstruction of jets, leptons, and missing energy, particle-flow algorithms are crucial to explore the full potential of the highly granular tracking and calorimeter systems, and give access to excellent energy–momentum resolution and precise identification of heavy bosons in their hadronic decays. This enables, among many other key elements, the reconstruction of Higgsstrahlung processes with leptonically and hadronically decaying Z bosons, and an almost background-free identification of top quark pair events. Exploiting the full available kinematic constraints together with exclusive jet clustering algorithms will allow for the optimisation of global event reconstruction with kinematic fitting techniques.
An Efficient Handwritten Digit Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Networks with Orthogonal Learning Strategies
Authors: Senthil T. , Rajan C. , Deepika J.
Published: December 2021

The predictions of characters/text/digits from the handwritten images have made the research community spotlight towards recognition. There are enormous applications and ambiguity that made prediction possible with Deep Learning (DL) approaches. Primarily, there are four necessary steps to be carried out with handwriting prediction. First, consideration of a dataset that is more appropriate for DL validation an inefficient manner. Here, Special Database 1 and Special Database 2 are used, which are combined and modified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Next is pre-processing of input handwritten digit recognition data by data normalization, extraction of efficient features which provides better prediction accuracy. The proposed idea uses pixel values as features with the analysis of hyper-parameters to enhance near-human performance. With SVM, non-linear and linear models are built to extract the appropriate features for further processing. The features are separate and placed over the Bag of Features (BoF), which is used by the next processing stage. Finally, a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is by built modifying the network structure with Orthogonal Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CNN-OLPSO). This modification is adopted for evolutionarily optimizing the number of hyper-parameters. This proposed optimizer predicts the optimal values from the fitness computation and shows better efficiency when compared to various other conventional approaches. The novelty which relies on CNN adoption is to endeavor a suitable path towards digitalization and preserve the handwritten structure and help automatic feature extraction using CNN by offering better computation accuracy. The optimization approach helps to avoid over-fitting and under-fitting issues. Here, metrics like accuracy, elapsed time, recall, precision, and [Formula: see text]-measure are evaluated. The results of CNN-OLPSO give better accuracy, reduced error rate and better execution time (s) compared to other existing methods. Thus, the proposed model shows better tradeoff in the recognition rate of handwritten digits.
Gauge-invariant formulation of axion-electrodynamics
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose a simple generalization of axion-electrodynamics (AED) for the general case in which Dirac fermion fields and scalar/pseudoscalar axion-like fields are present in the local [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] gauge-invariant Lagrangian of the system. Our primary goal (which is not explored here) is to understand and predict novel phenomena that have no counterpart in standard (pseudoscalar) AED. With this end in view, we discuss on very general grounds, possible processes in which a Dirac field is coupled to axionic fields via the electromagnetic (EM) field.
More on the Reference-Grounding-Based Search in Noise-Based Logic
Authors: Daugherity Walter C. , Kish Laszlo B.
Published: December 2021

We point out that the exponentially fast, grounding-based search scheme in noise-based logic works mostly on core superpositions. When the superposition contains elements that are outputs of logic gate operations, the search result can be erroneous, because grounding of a reference bit can change a logic function too. Adding superpositions with a search bit of inverted signal amplitude sign (sign inversion instead of grounding) can fix the problem in special cases, but a general solution is yet to be found. Note that because phonebooks are core superpositions, the original search algorithm remains valid for phonebook lookups, for both name and number search, including fractions of names or numbers.
Involving repetitive regions in scaffolding improvement
Authors: Delorme Quentin , Costa Rémy , Mansour Yasmine , Fiston-Lavier Anna-Sophie , Chateau Annie
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate througth a premilinary study the influence of repeat elements during the assembly process. We analyze the link between the presence and the nature of one type of repeat element, called transposable element (TE) and misassembly events in genome assemblies. We propose to improve assemblies by taking into account the presence of repeat elements, including TEs, during the scaffolding step. We analyze the results and relate the misassemblies to TEs before and after correction.
On the Speed Limit for Imaginary-Time Schrödinger Equation with Application to Quantum Searches
Authors: Sun Jie , Lu Songfeng
Published: December 2021

Recently, Okuyama and Ohzek [1] derived a speed limit for the imaginary-time Schrödinger equation, which is inspired by the prior work of Kieu, who had shown a new class of time–energy uncertainty relations suitable for actually evaluating the speed limit of quantum dynamics. In this paper, we apply the result of Okuyama and Ohzek to obtain a generalized speed limit for Grover’s search in imaginary-time quantum annealing. An estimate of the lower bound on the computational time is shown, from which the role of the coefficient function corresponding to the final Hamiltonian played in the quantum dynamics for the problem is sticking out. However, when trying to apply the speed limit to the analogue of Grover’s problem, we find that not only the coefficient of the target Hamiltonian is related to the time complexity of the algorithm, but also the coefficient of the initial Hamiltonian is crucial for determining the time complexity. This is new and generalizes one of the results in our previous work.
The Improved Interpolating Dimension Splitting Element-Free Galerkin Method for 3D Potential Problems
Authors: Meng Zhijuan , Ma Yuye , Chi Xiaofei , Ma Lidong
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes the improved interpolating dimension splitting element-free Galerkin (IIDSEFG) method based on the nonsingular weight function for three-dimensional (3D) potential problems. The core of the IIDSEFG method is to transform the 3D problem domain into a series of two-dimensional (2D) problem subdomains along the splitting direction. For the 2D problems on these 2D subdomains, the shape function is constructed by the improved interpolating moving least-squares (IIMLS) method based on the nonsingular weight function, and the finite difference method (FDM) is used to couple the discretized equations in the direction of splitting. Finally, the calculation formula of the IIDSEFG method for a 3D potential problem is derived. Compared with the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method, the advantages of the IIDSEFG method are that the shape function has few undetermined coefficients and the essential boundary conditions can be executed directly. The results of the selected numerical examples are compared by the IIDSEFG method, IEFG method and analytical solution. These numerical examples illustrate that the IIDSEFG method is effective to solve 3D potential problems. The computational accuracy and efficiency of the IIDSEFG method are better than the IEFG method.
Effects of Using Air Curtains on Energy Consumption During Cooling Season Under Different Climate Conditions
Authors: Erdem Serkan , Onan Cenk
Published: December 2021

In zones separated by doors with many entrances and exits, it is crucial in terms of energy consumption to protect the conditioned air in the indoor environment from the effects of outside air. The increase in door dimensions and opening frequency make this effect even more evident. Various methods are used to prevent leakage of outside air into the indoor environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of using air curtains on energy consumption during the cooling season in a factory building. The door width and height in this building, which has a high story height, were also large. These 26 doors must remain open all the time because of the production process. With a transient model developed on Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) coupled with Contaminant Transport Analysis Software (CONTAM), we showed the effects of using the air curtains in different climate conditions. As a result, we demonstrated that using air curtains will provide great savings, especially in cities with high cooling requirements.
Systemic Governance of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands: Theoretical Framework and Approaches
Authors: ZHENG Yan , ZHUANG Guiyang
Published: December 2021

The life community of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands (MRFFLG) and its systemic governance are key components to build ecological civilization in China. It comprises diverse connotations in value, scientific and economic dimensions. Epistemologically, it comes from the Chinese traditional philosophy of harmonious coexistence of heaven, earth and man, and conforms to the Western ecological ethics, complex system science and environmental value theory. Methodologically, as a complex socio-ecological system in which man and nature interact and coexist, the life community of the MRFFLG should be governed coordinately from both narrow and broad views. At the policy level, from the perspectives of narrow synergy among ecological subsystems and broad synergy among the complex socio-ecological system, this paper evaluates the performance indicators of 16 pilot projects of the MRFFLG, and points out that the design of most pilot projects well reflects the narrow synergy of multiple ecological elements, but is short of attention to the broad synergy of green development and ecological civilization. There are two practical ways to promote the systemic governance of the MRFFLG. First, it needs to focus on the coordinated governance of watershed and ecological environment restoration against the background of global climate and environmental change. The goal is to restore and improve the service functions of ecological subsystems and enhance their climate adaptability. Second, in the context of new urbanization and green development transition, it requires a collaborative planning focusing on natural capital and green infrastructure investment, which is aimed at cultivating ecological dividends and realizing ecological economy.
Quantum Approach to Damped Three Coupled Nano‐Optomechanical Oscillators
Authors: Choi Jeong Ryeol , Menouar Salah
Published: December 2021

We investigate quantum features of three coupled dissipative nano‐optomechanical oscillators. The Hamiltonian of the system is somewhat complicated due not only to the coupling of the optomechanical oscillators but to the dissipation in the system as well. In order to simplify the problem, a spatial unitary transformation approach and a matrix‐diagonalization method are used. From such procedures, the Hamiltonian is eventually diagonalized. In other words, the complicated original Hamiltonian is transformed to a simple one which is associated to three independent simple harmonic oscillators. By utilizing such a simplification of the Hamiltonian, complete solutions (wave functions) of the Schrödinger equation for the optomechanical system are obtained. We confirm that the probability density converges to the origin of the coordinate in a symmetric manner as the optomechanical energy dissipates. The wave functions that we have derived can be used as a basic tool for evaluating diverse quantum consequences of the system, such as quadrature fluctuations, entanglement entropy, energy evolution, transition probability, and the Wigner function.
Supply and Demand Matching of Financial Support Policies for Private Enterprises Based on Text Measurement
Authors: Liu Wei , Gu Jun , Zhang Rong , Yang Yi
Published: December 2021

The degree of matching between supply and demand for financial support policies is a key factor for policy effectiveness. In this paper, we use policy text computing method that integrates topic mining, text classification, and training set predictions to study the supply and demand matching of China’s financial support policies for private enterprises. We find that supply and demand match for policies on diversified financing channels. However, there is mismatch in financial service facilitation policies and local subsidy policies. Our research implies that China’s development of a multiple-layer financial market has promoted the diversification of financing channels, which has improved the financing conditions for private enterprises. However, financial service network is still not convenient to facilitate private enterprises.