bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Lachancea thermotolerans—Effect on the Anthocyanin Wine Composition
Authors: Benito Ángel , Calderón Fernando , Benito Santiago
Published: May 2017

The most popular methodology to make red wine is through the combined use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and lactic acid bacteria, for alcoholic fermentation and malolactic fermentation respectively. This classic winemaking practice produces stable red wines from a microbiological point of view. This study aims to investigate a recent red winemaking biotechnology, which through the combined use of Lachancea thermotolerans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe is used as an alternative to the classic malolactic fermentation. In this new methodology, Schizosaccharomyces pombe totally consumes malic acid, while Lachancea thermotolerans produces lactic acid, avoiding excessive deacidification of musts with low acidity in warm viticulture areas such as Spain. This new methodology has been reported to be a positive alternative to malolactic fermentation in low acidity wines, since it has the advantage to produce wines with a more fruity flavor, less acetic acid, less ethyl carbamate originators and less biogenic amines than the traditional wines produced via conventional fermentation techniques. The study focuses on unexplored facts related to this novel biotechnology such as color and anthocyanin profile.
Off-Center Rotation of CuPc Molecular Rotor on a Bi(111) Surface and the Chiral Feature
Authors: Sun Kai , Tao Min-Long , Tu Yu-Bing , Wang Jun-Zhong
Published: May 2017

Molecular rotors with an off-center axis and the chiral feature of achiral CuPc molecules on a semi-metallic Bi(111) surface have been investigated by means of a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature. The rotation axis of each CuPc molecular rotor is located at the end of a phthalocyanine group. As molecular coverage increases, the CuPc molecules are self-assembled into various nanoclusters and finally into two-dimensional (2D) domains, in which each CuPc molecule exhibits an apparent chiral feature. Such chiral features of the CuPc molecules can be attributed to the combined effect of asymmetric charge transfer between the CuPc and Bi(111) substrate, and the intermolecular van der Waals interactions.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Novel Electrospun Composite Comprising Polyurethane and Mustard Oil Scaffold with Enhanced Blood Compatibility
Authors: Jaganathan Saravana , Mani Mohan , Ismail Ahmad , Ayyar Manikandan
Published: May 2017

The objective of this work is to characterize and investigate the blood compatibility of polyurethane (PU)/mustard oil composites fabricated using electrospinning technique. The fabricated scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle measurements. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT), prothrombin time (PT) and the hemolytic assay were done to investigate the blood compatibility of the developed composites. The SEM results revealed that the fiber diameter of the composites (761 ± 123 nm) was reduced compared to pristine PU control. The interaction between PU and mustard oil was confirmed by FTIR as evident through the shifting of peaks. The fabricated composites depicted hydrophobic behavior as insinuated by the increase in contact angle measurements. PU/mustard composites displayed improved crystallinity as confirmed by TGA. Atomic force micrographs suggested that developed PU/mustard oil composites showed an increase in the surface roughness (Ra) compared to pure PU. The Ra of pure PU was observed to be 723 nm but for the fabricated PU/mustard oil composite the Ra was found to be 1298 nm (Ra). The hemolytic index value for pure PU and fabricated composites was observed to be 2.73% and 1.15% indicating that developed composites showed a non-hemolytic behavior signifying the safety of the composites with red blood cells. Hence the newly developed composites with improved physicochemical and blood compatibility properties may be considered as a potential candidate for fabricating cardiac patches and grafts.
Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Turbulent Drag Reduction
Authors: Han Wen , Dong Yu , Choi Hyoung
Published: May 2017

Water-soluble polymers with high molecular weights are known to decrease the frictional drag in turbulent flow very effectively at concentrations of tens or hundreds of ppm. This drag reduction efficiency of water-soluble polymers is well known to be closely associated with the flow conditions and rheological, physical, and/or chemical characteristics of the polymers added. Among the many promising polymers introduced in the past several decades, this review focuses on recent progress in the drag reduction capability of various water-soluble macromolecules in turbulent flow including both synthetic and natural polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, poly(N-vinyl formamide), gums, and DNA. The polymeric species, experimental parameters, and numerical analysis of these water-soluble polymers in turbulent drag reduction are highlighted, along with several existing and potential applications. The proposed drag reduction mechanisms are also discussed based on recent experimental and numerical researches. This article will be helpful to the readers to understand better the complex behaviors of a turbulent flow with various water-soluble polymeric additives regarding experimental conditions, drag reduction mechanisms, and related applications.
In-Fiber Optic Salinity Sensing: A Potential Application for Offshore Concrete Structure Protection
Authors: Luo Dong , Li Peng , Yue Yanchao , Ma Jianxun , Yang Hangzhou
Published: May 2017

The protection of concrete structures against corrosion in marine environments has always been a challenge due to the presence of a saline solution—A natural corrosive agent to the concrete paste and steel reinforcements. The concentration of salt is a key parameter influencing the rate of corrosion. In this paper, we propose an optical fiber-based salinity sensor based on bundled multimode plastic optical fiber (POF) as a sensor probe and a concave mirror as a reflector in conjunction with an intensity modulation technique. A refractive index (RI) sensing approach is analytically investigated and the findings are in agreement with the experimental results. A maximum sensitivity of 14,847.486/RIU can be achieved at RI = 1.3525. The proposed technique is suitable for in situ measurement and monitoring of salinity in liquid.
A New Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Design for Generating and Receiving S0 Lamb Waves in Ferromagnetic Steel Plate
Authors: He Jianpeng , Dixon Steve , Hill Samuel , Xu Ke
Published: May 2017

Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are non-contact, ultrasonic transducers that are usually kept within 5 mm from the sample surface to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One important issue associated with operation on a ferromagnetic plate is that the strong attraction force from the magnet can affect measurements and make scanning difficult. This paper investigates a method to generate fundamental, symmetric Lamb waves on a ferromagnetic plate. A coil-only, low-weight, generation EMAT is designed and investigated, operating at lift-offs of over 5 mm. Another design of an EMAT is investigated using a rectangular magnet with a much higher lift-off than the coil, of up to 19 mm. This results in a much lower force between the EMAT and sample, making scanning the EMAT much easier.
Development of a Spectrophotometric System to Detect White Striping Physiopathy in Whole Chicken Carcasses
Authors: Traffano-Schiffo Maria , Castro-Giraldez Marta , Colom Ricardo , Fito Pedro
Published: May 2017

Due to the high intensification of poultry production in recent years, white chicken breast striping is one of the most frequently seen myopathies. The aim of this research was to develop a spectrophotometry-based sensor to detect white striping physiopathy in chicken breast meat in whole chicken carcasses with skin. Experiments were carried out using normal and white striping breasts. In order to understand the mechanism involved in this physiopathy, the different tissues that conform each breast were analyzed. Permittivity in radiofrequency (40 Hz to 1 MHz) was measured using two different sensors; a sensor with two flat plates to analyze the whole breast with skin (NB or WSB), and a two needles with blunt-ended sensor to analyze the different surface tissues of the skinless breast. In the microwave range (500 MHz to 20 GHz), permittivity was measured as just was described for the two needles with blunt-ended sensor. Moreover, fatty acids composition was determined by calorimetry techniques from −40 °C to 50 °C at 5 °C/min after previously freeze-drying the samples, and pH, microstructure by Cryo-SEM and binocular loupe structure were also analyzed. The results showed that the white striping physiopathy consists of the partial breakdown of the pectoral muscle causing an increase in fatty acids, reducing the quality of the meat. It was possible to detect white striping physiopathy in chicken carcasses with skin using spectrophotometry of radiofrequency spectra.
Software Defined Networking for Improved Wireless Sensor Network Management: A Survey
Authors: Ndiaye Musa , Hancke Gerhard , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan
Published: May 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular with the advent of the Internet of things (IoT). Various real-world applications of WSNs such as in smart grids, smart farming and smart health would require a potential deployment of thousands or maybe hundreds of thousands of sensor nodes/actuators. To ensure proper working order and network efficiency of such a network of sensor nodes, an effective WSN management system has to be integrated. However, the inherent challenges of WSNs such as sensor/actuator heterogeneity, application dependency and resource constraints have led to challenges in implementing effective traditional WSN management. This difficulty in management increases as the WSN becomes larger. Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides a promising solution in flexible management WSNs by allowing the separation of the control logic from the sensor nodes/actuators. The advantage with this SDN-based management in WSNs is that it enables centralized control of the entire WSN making it simpler to deploy network-wide management protocols and applications on demand. This paper highlights some of the recent work on traditional WSN management in brief and reviews SDN-based management techniques for WSNs in greater detail while drawing attention to the advantages that SDN brings to traditional WSN management. This paper also investigates open research challenges in coming up with mechanisms for flexible and easier SDN-based WSN configuration and management.
Fine Particle Sensor Based on Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Data Fusion
Authors: Shao Wenjia , Zhang Hongjian , Zhou Hongliang
Published: May 2017

Meteorological parameters such as relative humidity have a significant impact on the precision of PM2.5 measurement instruments based on light scattering. Instead of adding meteorological sensors or dehumidification devices used widely in commercial PM2.5 measurement instruments, a novel particle sensor based on multi-angle light scattering and data fusion is proposed to eliminate the effect of meteorological factors. Three photodiodes are employed to collect the scattered light flux at three distinct angles. Weather index is defined as the ratio of scattered light fluxes collected at the 40° and 55° angles, which can be used to distinguish the mass median diameter variation caused by different meteorological parameters. Simulations based on Lorenz-Mie theory and field experiments establish the feasibility of this scheme. Experimental results indicate that mass median diameter has less effect on the photodiode at the 55° angle in comparison with photodiodes at the 40° angle and 140° angle. After correction using the weather index, the photodiode at the 40° angle yielded the best results followed by photodiodes at the 55° angle and the 140° angle.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Developing Personalised Behaviour Models Using Activity Data
Authors: Fiorini Laura , Cavallo Filippo , Dario Paolo , Eavis Alexandra , Caleb-Solly Praminda
Published: May 2017

The goal of this study is to address two major issues that undermine the large scale deployment of smart home sensing solutions in people’s homes. These include the costs associated with having to install and maintain a large number of sensors, and the pragmatics of annotating numerous sensor data streams for activity classification. Our aim was therefore to propose a method to describe individual users’ behavioural patterns starting from unannotated data analysis of a minimal number of sensors and a ”blind” approach for activity recognition. The methodology included processing and analysing sensor data from 17 older adults living in community-based housing to extract activity information at different times of the day. The findings illustrate that 55 days of sensor data from a sensor configuration comprising three sensors, and extracting appropriate features including a “busyness” measure, are adequate to build robust models which can be used for clustering individuals based on their behaviour patterns with a high degree of accuracy (>85%). The obtained clusters can be used to describe individual behaviour over different times of the day. This approach suggests a scalable solution to support optimising the personalisation of care by utilising low-cost sensing and analysis. This approach could be used to track a person’s needs over time and fine-tune their care plan on an ongoing basis in a cost-effective manner.
Spectroscopic Diagnosis of Arsenic Contamination in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Shi Tiezhu , Liu Huizeng , Chen Yiyun , Fei Teng , Wang Junjie , Wu Guofeng
Published: May 2017

This study investigated the abilities of pre-processing, feature selection and machine-learning methods for the spectroscopic diagnosis of soil arsenic contamination. The spectral data were pre-processed by using Savitzky-Golay smoothing, first and second derivatives, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate, and mean centering. Principle component analysis (PCA) and the RELIEF algorithm were used to extract spectral features. Machine-learning methods, including random forests (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), radial basis function- and linear function- based support vector machine (RBF- and LF-SVM) were employed for establishing diagnosis models. The model accuracies were evaluated and compared by using overall accuracies (OAs). The statistical significance of the difference between models was evaluated by using McNemar’s test (Z value). The results showed that the OAs varied with the different combinations of pre-processing, feature selection, and classification methods. Feature selection methods could improve the modeling efficiencies and diagnosis accuracies, and RELIEF often outperformed PCA. The optimal models established by RF (OA = 86%), ANN (OA = 89%), RBF- (OA = 89%) and LF-SVM (OA = 87%) had no statistical difference in diagnosis accuracies (Z < 1.96, p < 0.05). These results indicated that it was feasible to diagnose soil arsenic contamination using reflectance spectroscopy. The appropriate combination of multivariate methods was important to improve diagnosis accuracies.
Attribute Segmentation and Communication Effects on Healthy and Sustainable Consumer Diet Intentions
Authors: Verain Muriel , Sijtsema Siet , Dagevos Hans , Antonides Gerrit
Published: May 2017

A shift towards more sustainable consumer diets is urgently needed. Dietary guidelines state that changes towards less animal-based and more plant-based diets are beneficial in terms of sustainability and, in addition, will have a positive effect on public health. Communication on these guidelines should be most effective when tailored to the motivations of specific consumer segments. Therefore, the current study (1) segments consumers based on the importance they attach to sustainability, health, taste and price of food in several food categories; and (2) tests different ways (with health arguments, sustainability arguments, or both) of communicating the dietary guideline. Three segments have been identified: pro-self, average, and sustainable conscious consumers. For pro-self and average consumers, the communication of both health and sustainability benefits made them think most about sustainability, although communication did not result in changes in dietary intentions in these segments. For sustainable conscious consumers, intention to reduce their meat consumption increased when both health and sustainability benefits were communicated. These research outcomes indicate the importance of segmentation research in the development of dietary messages. In addition, the findings show the importance of taking product category differences into account in studying consumer food motivations and intentions.
Analysis of Existing Problems and Improvement Schemes for Substituting Electricity for Scattered Coal in China
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Qiushuang , Zhao Yingqi
Published: May 2017

In recent years, a coal-induced haze erupted over a large area in China. Implementing a strategy of substituting electricity for scattered coal (hereafter referred to as SEFSC) for the control of scattered coal is thus urgently needed. In particular, there lies great practical significance in analyzing the existing problems and improving the path of SEFSC in order to ensure rapid and effective advancement in this area. In light of this, the current paper first analyzes the distribution of China’s scattered coal and the relevant policy implementation, and discusses the potential for China to implement SEFSC. Secondly, PEST (policy, economy, society and technology) analysis is used to analyze the existing problems in China’s SEFSC strategy. From this, it becomes clear that the effect of scattered coal handling is still poor due to poor policy implementation, a weak economy, a low level of social acceptance and technical bottlenecks. Finally, based on the present situation and existing problems, this paper puts forward recommendations for improving China’s SEFSC strategy.
MicroRNA-520b Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting Defective in Cullin Neddylation 1 Domain Containing 1 (DCUN1D1)
Authors: Xiao Jing , Li Guang , Zhou Jingyu , Wang Shalong , Liu Dongcai , Shu Guoshun , Zhou Jianping , Ren Feng
Published: May 2017

MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are important regulators for gene expression through directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of their target mRNA. Recently, downregulation of miR-520b has been observed in several common human cancers. However,
the exact role of miR-520b in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not previously been studied. In this study, our data showed that miR-520b was significantly downregulated in CRC and cell lines when compared with adjacent normal tissues and a normal intestinal epithelial cell line. Low expression
of miR-520b was notably associated with the malignant progress and a shorter survival time for CRC patients. Restoration of miR-520b inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells. Defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain
containing 1 (DCUN1D1) was then identified as a novel target gene of miR-520b in CRC cells. The expression of DCUN1D1 was significantly increased in CRC, with a negative correlation to miR-520b expression in CRC tissues. Moreover, a high expression of DCUN1D1 was significantly associated with
the malignant progress and a poor prognosis for CRC patients. Furthermore, overexpression of DCUN1D1 rescued the miR-520b-mediated malignant phenotypes and EMT in CRC cells. The data demonstrate that miR-520b functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC through targeting DCUN1D1, suggesting that miR-520b may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Nebular Continuum and Line Emission in Stellar Population Synthesis Models
Authors: Byler Nell , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Conroy Charlie , Johnson Benjamin D.
Published: May 2017

Accounting for nebular emission when modeling galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is important, as both line and continuum emissions can contribute significantly to the total observed flux. In this work, we present a new nebular emission model integrated within the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis code that computes the line and continuum emission for complex stellar populations using the photoionization code Cloudy. The self-consistent coupling of the nebular emission to the matched ionizing spectrum produces emission line intensities that correctly scale with the stellar population as a function of age and metallicity. This more complete model of galaxy SEDs will improve estimates of global gas properties derived with diagnostic diagrams, star formation rates based on Hα, and physical properties derived from broadband photometry. Our models agree well with results from other photoionization models and are able to reproduce observed emission from H ii regions and star-forming galaxies. Our models show improved agreement with the observed H ii regions in the Ne iii/O ii plane and show satisfactory agreement with He ii emission from z = 2 galaxies, when including rotating stellar models. Models including post-asymptotic giant branch stars are able to reproduce line ratios consistent with low-ionization emission regions. The models are integrated into current versions of FSPS and include self-consistent nebular emission predictions for MIST and Padova+Geneva evolutionary tracks.
WL 17: A Young Embedded Transition Disk
Authors: Sheehan Patrick D. , Eisner Josh A.
Published: May 2017

We present the highest spatial resolution ALMA observations to date of the Class I protostar WL 17 in the ρ Ophiuchus L1688 molecular cloud complex, which show that it has a 12 au hole in the center of its disk. We consider whether WL 17 is actually a Class II disk being extincted by foreground material, but find that such models do not provide a good fit to the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) and also require such high extinction that it would presumably arise from dense material close to the source, such as a remnant envelope. Self-consistent models of a disk embedded in a rotating collapsing envelope can nicely reproduce both the ALMA 3 mm observations and the broadband SED of WL 17. This suggests that WL 17 is a disk in the early stages of its formation, and yet even at this young age the inner disk has been depleted. Although there are multiple pathways for such a hole to be created in a disk, if this hole was produced by the formation of planets it could place constraints on the timescale for the growth of planets in protoplanetary disks.
Antiviral Therapy Reduces Risk of Haemorrhagic Stroke in Patients with HCV Infection: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Ming-Shyan , Chung Chang-Min , Lin Wey-Yil , Wei Kuo-Liang , Wang Jui , Lee Ying-Ying , Hu Jing-Hong , Tung Tao-Hsin , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: May 2017

Background

The tendency for haemorrhagic stroke in patients with chronic HCV infection has emerged recently but the finding may be confounded by comorbidities. Proving the causality between HCV infection and haemorrhagic stroke is mandatory. Our study was designed to investigate the incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in HCV-infected patients with and without treatment.

Methods

In the 11-year and population-based retrospective study, we acquired data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The patients with major comorbidities were excluded and 97,198 HCV-infected patients were included for analysis. Treated and untreated cohorts were matched with propensity score to make the confounding factors in two groups comparable. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the hazard ratio of haemorrhagic stroke in the cohorts. We applied survival analysis to compare the cumulative incidence of outcome events between the two cohorts.

Results

After matching, the incidence density (ID) of haemorrhagic stroke in the untreated cohort is significantly higher than in the treated cohort (ID: 1.0 versus 0.6 events per 1,000 person-years; P=0.0014). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of haemorrhagic stroke is significantly reduced in the treated group ( P<0.05). Cumulative incidence of haemorrhagic stroke is significantly lower in the treated group than in the untreated group ( P=0.013).

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that antiviral therapy significantly reduces the events of intracranial haemorrhage in HCV-infected patients and consolidates the novel concept that chronic HCV infection is a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke.
La découverte d’un nouvel enlumineur rouennais : le Maître de l’Arsenal
Authors: Chenu Rachel
Published: May 2017

Alors que jusqu’à aujourd’hui l’historiographie normande faisait une place prédominante au Maître de l’Échevinage de Rouen, la découverte d’un nouvel artiste rouennais, le Maître de l’Arsenal, témoigne de la diversité de la production enluminée à Rouen au xv e  siècle. Cet enlumineur à l’identité stylistique bien marquée, qui allie subtilement précision et suggestion, habileté et maladresse, atteste l’activité d’ateliers modestes, à la fois en charge du décor marginal et des miniatures.
Le duc de Morny et le port de commerce de Trouville-Deauville
Authors: Biquet François
Published: May 2017

Cet article examine le rôle joué par le duc de Morny dans la conception du bassin à flot de Trouville et dans la création de Deauville, son rêve évanoui d’établir une sorte de synthèse entre la vie commerciale d’un port et la vie de loisir d’une nouvelle station balnéaire. On ne peut pourtant que souligner, a posteriori, la justesse de ses choix avec l’intérêt d’un bassin à flot, voulu pour répondre à des impératifs commerciaux, et qui se révèle décisif pour faire face aux attentes des visiteurs de Deauville, adeptes du yachting, devenu une des composantes de la villégiature de luxe.
La réorientation matérialiste de l’esprit critique dans la philosophie de T. W. Adorno
Authors: Wezel Lucie , Vuillerod Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2017

Cet article entend montrer comment la philosophie de T. W. Adorno permet de pallier les deux limites de la conception traditionnelle de l’esprit critique. Non seulement cette conception traditionnelle laisse l’esprit critique indéterminé, mais elle le fait également reposer sur le présupposé idéaliste d’un individu libre et autonome à même d’interroger, par la seule force de sa pensée, les opinions reçues. Au contraire, Adorno détermine l’esprit critique en lui donnant un objet, une finalité, une forme, une condition de possibilité, une genèse réelle ainsi que les moyens de sa mise en œuvre effective, et réoriente toutes ces déterminations dans une perspective matérialiste. Il contribue ainsi au projet d’une philosophie renouvelée de l’esprit critique d’une indéniable actualité.
Le chevalier de Jaucourt, un combattant des Lumières
Authors: Ferenczi Thomas
Published: May 2017

Il n’est pas le plus connu des collaborateurs de l’ Encyclopédie mais il est à coup sûr le plus prolifique, avec plus de 17 000 articles de sa main, et l’un des plus fidèles à l’entreprise, qu’il a soutenue jusqu’à son terme, malgré les pressions et les censures. Admirateur de Voltaire, ami de Montesquieu, compagnon de Diderot, le chevalier Louis de Jaucourt (1704-1780) incarne l’esprit des Lumières. Cet aristocrate libéral, protestant d’éducation, médecin de formation, philosophe de vocation, réformateur de conviction, appelle à la lutte contre la superstition et le fanatisme, au combat contre l’intolérance, à la défense de la raison. Il dénonce la monarchie absolue et plaide pour une monarchie limitée, qui respecte la souveraineté du peuple et les droits des citoyens.
Projeter le réel. Notes sur l’attitude critique inhérente à la notion de réalisme, à partir du film Chung Kuo, Cina de Michelangelo Antonioni
Authors: Baumann Stefanie
Published: May 2017

À sa sortie en 1973, le film documentaire Chung Kuo, Cina de Michelangelo Antonioni a provoqué des critiques farouches aussi bien en Chine qu’en Europe. Bien qu’elles se contredisent entre elles, ces objections se rejoignent toutes dans un noyau conceptuel autour de la notion de réalisme, entendu au sens marxiste comme représentation critique de la réalité. Cependant, en refusant d’accorder un sens cohérent et essentialiste à ses images, ce film permet de problématiser les présupposés de cette compréhension même du réalisme. Il préfigure ainsi certaines difficultés qui lui sont inhérentes et permet de concevoir une autre manière d’entendre la critique.
Le mal compris. Théologie et philosophie face au mal
Authors: Grosos Philippe
Published: May 2017

En prenant appui sur une déconstruction des théodicées, cette étude vise d’une part à montrer qu’une des singularités du mal est d’être insondable, et d’autre part qu’il convient de ne pas céder à la tentation de justifier l’injustifiable. Pour autant cela ne signifie pas que du mal, il n’y ait rien à dire, ni que la théologie ne puisse en parler. Mais cela permet de préciser que lorsque la Bible le comprend, c’est au sein d’un récit, entre facticité et espérance.
Une justice perverse : le discours sur la race aujourd’hui en Amérique et le langage perdu de la psychanalyse
Authors: Glassgold Eric , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: May 2017

Bien que le langage de la psychanalyse ait en grande partie disparu de la culture populaire américaine, un discours sur la race est en train d’émerger aux États-Unis, et il joue le rôle d’un cadre psychanalytique, avec des fonctions maternelles et paternelles. Cet espace ou ce cadre facilite la conversion et la liaison de l’énergie ­psychique aux affects douloureux, autrement traités à un niveau culturel via les processus de la dissociation, du déni et de la décharge à travers l’action violente.
L’« oubli » de la reconnaissance : psychanalyse et critique sociale chez Axel Honneth
Authors: Enaudeau Corinne
Published: May 2017

On examine ici la manière dont la critique sociale proposée par Axel Honneth, actuel chef de file de l’École de Francfort, mobilise la psychanalyse. On interroge plus précisément le rôle que la « théorie de la reconnaissance » accorde à l’hypothèse freudienne de l’inconscient et les difficultés que rencontre sa conception de la vie psychique pour rendre raison des « pathologies sociales ». Il s’agit par là de questionner l’anthropologie sur laquelle Honneth fait fond.
Françoise Dolto et la radio : psychanalyse et éducation
Authors: Cecotti Stievenard Laura
Published: May 2017

Cet article analyse la réception des émissions radiophoniques de Françoise Dolto sur le grand public. Après un bref historique des liens entre psychanalyse et ­éducation, nous verrons comment Dolto a aidé les parents à mieux comprendre leur enfant, en insistant sur le langage comme élément fondamental dans le processus de civilisation. Nous nous interrogerons sur ce qui reste de cette expérience chez les parents d’aujourd’hui.
Enjeux épistémologiques et cliniques de la recherche en psychosomatique
Authors: Press Jacques
Published: May 2017

L’auteur souligne que toute recherche se meut entre deux valences : l’une créative, l’autre défensive par rapport à l’inconnu et à l’informe. Cela est vrai du modèle psychosomatique de Pierre Marty qui apparaît comme une révolution inachevée : son monisme psychosomatique est révolutionnaire mais incomplet ; il aboutit par ailleurs à une nosologie de type médical symptomatique d’une impossibilité à penser des aspects centraux du contre-transfert. À l’aide d’un exemple clinique, l’auteur met cet impensé au travail puis propose quelques pistes de recherche à partir des réflexions freudiennes sur l’au-delà du principe de plaisir et winnicottiennes sur la crainte de l’effondrement.
El mercado interior nazarí: bases y redes de contactos con el comercio internacional
Authors: Fábregas Adela
Published: May 2017

Se aborda un primer ensayo de reconstrucción de las redes interiores del mercado nazarí y la presencia de italianos en los mismos, observándolos como espacios de contacto entre estos agentes del gran comercio internacional y una red mercantil indígena que consideramos ya constituida y operativa. A través de ello se pretende reflexionar y matizar en su caso acerca del grado y naturaleza del mercado nazarí como espacio de comercio dependiente de las grandes fuerzas del desarrollo mercantil del mediterráneo bajomedieval.
Servicio y deservicio a Felipe IV. Los Príncipes de Carignano, entre Francia y la Monarquía Hispánica (1634-1644)
Authors: Franganillo Álvarez Alejandra
Published: May 2017

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en analizar la interesante figura de los príncipes de Carignano, Tomás de Saboya y María de Borbón. Naturales y vasallos de Saboya y Francia respectivamente, el matrimonio estableció un tratado de protección con la monarquía de Felipe IV que la princesa se encargó de gestionar. No obstante, durante los años en los que María de Borbón residió en Madrid, mantuvo una tensa relación con el conde duque de Olivares, al mismo tiempo que Tomás inició conversaciones con la Francia enemiga. La abundante documentación derivada de este suceso nos ha permitido reflexionar sobre el poder de los príncipes italianos en un contexto adverso para la Monarquía, permitiéndoles forzar los límites tradicionales establecidos a la hora de fijar posibles recompensas por el servicio prestado al rey católico. La Corona se resintió por el daño que la defección del príncipe significó para las armas españolas, pues el abandono del servicio a Felipe IV fue seguido del abrazo a la cau sa del rey cristianísimo Luis XIII. Y todo ello en un momento muy delicado para la Monarquía española, que ya daba muestras de la futura pérdida de hegemonía europea.
«La hermana mayor»: las difíciles relaciones entre la marina mercante española y la Armada (1802-1932)
Authors: Garcia Domingo Enric
Published: May 2017

La marina mercante española estuvo supeditada a la marina de guerra, en muchos aspectos, entre principios del siglo XVI y la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En el origen de esta dependencia estaba la necesidad de disponer de la fuerza de trabajo procedente de la marina comercial para tripular los buques de guerra o nutrir los arsenales del Estado. De este modo, por ejemplo, el colectivo de trabajadores quedó supeditado al control de la Armada. Esta supervisión se ejercía básicamente a través de una institución, la Matrícula de Mar. Sus efectos sobre el colectivo de marinos mercantes (reserva de trabajo, mediatización del mercado laboral, control de la disciplina, jurisdicción especial por medio del fuero de marina, etc.) explican gran parte de las características de la vida y el trabajo en la Marina mercante en época contemporánea. Este artículo analiza los efectos de este control militar sobre un sector económico esencialmente civil y la lucha por separar ambas formas de administrar los asuntos marítimos. También aporta casos concretos del control ejercido por la Armada sobre el trabajo y los trabajadores.
Envelhecimento : activo ? bem sucedido ? saudável ? possíveis coordenadas de análise…
Authors: Almeida Mariana F.
Published: May 2017

Que concepção ou visão do envelhecimento poderá guiar a formulação de políticas, a actuação e a investigação ? Diversos termos têm surgido nas últimas décadas, alguns correspondendo a propostas conceptuais claramente estruturadas, outros nem tanto... Abordar-se-ão aqui alguns dos mais divulgados – envelhecimento saudável, envelhecimento bem sucedido, envelhecimento activo –, discutindo as suas potencialidades e limites. Adoptando como referência uma perspectiva de promoção da saúde, tal como decorre da Carta de Ottawa (1986), termina-se com uma proposta de critérios a ter em conta numa conceptualização de envelhecimento.
Envelhecimento activo : complementariedades e contradições
Authors: Gil Ana Paula
Published: May 2017

O envelhecimento activo tem sido abordado a partir de duas perspectivas bem distintas. Uma perspectiva que faz da participação económica das pessoas mais velhas a pedra angular para a própria sustentabilidade financeira do Sistema de Segurança Social e para o cumprimento da Estratégia Europeia para o Emprego (EEE) e uma outra perspectiva que faz da “actividade” no envelhecimento o elemento estruturante para a ruptura face ao envelhecimento-incapacidade. Ambas as perspectivas incorrem em contradições e ambas exigem políticas sociais coerentes e sustentadas. O envelhecimento activo, do ponto de vista da saúde, requer medidas inovadoras que promovam a participação e a optimização de estilos de vida mais activos e saudáveis que contribuam para a qualidade de vida das pessoas que envelhecem. O envelhecimento activo, como instrumento de combate às saídas precoces do mercado de trabalho, não pode ser dissociável de um conjunto de medidas que promovam a conciliação entre vida familiar e profissional.
Centa. Na periferia da periferia : avaliação de um projecto de ducação artística em contexto escolar
Authors: Craveiro Daniela Mourão , Lopes João Teixeira
Published: May 2017

O Projecto de Formação Artística Contínua (PFAC) é um programa de intervenção educativa da autoria do CENTA (Centro de Estudos de Novas Tendências Artísticas) que visa constituir-se como factor de sucesso das aprendizagens escolares dos alunos do primeiro ciclo, bem como elemento de promoção de uma Educação Artística de qualidade. No ano lectivo de 2006/07 o Instituto de Sociologia foi responsável pela avaliação do projecto, que decorria em todas as escolas do primeiro ciclo do ensino básico do concelho de Vila Velha de Ródão. Deste trabalho surgiu um documento sedimentado numa escuta plural mediatizada pelo ecletismo do aparelho metodológico aplicado, cuja síntese agora apresentamos. Procurou-se abordar o projecto em profundidade, sistematizando os objectivos planificados, as actividades concretizadas e os efeitos educativos, de acordo com a lógica da investigação - acção e segundo o método de referenciação de Figari (1994).
Compétition entre bâti et agriculture dans la conquête des bas-fonds de la ville de Bouaké : le savoir-faire ou les actions stratégiques des citadins-agriculteurs pour préserver les espaces agricoles
Authors: Konan Jean-Michel Kouakou Attien
Published: May 2017

Dans les villes ivoiriennes comme dans la plupart des villes africaines, le foncier constitue un enjeu capital pour le bâti. Même les zones souvent dites non constructibles suscitent de plus en plus d’intérêt. Dans la ville de Bouaké, la lutte pour la conquête des bas-fonds entre bâti et agriculture prend de l’ampleur. D’une part, le bâti qui manifeste le désir de s’approprier les bas-fonds use de tous les moyens. Et d’autre part, une activité agricole pratiquée depuis des décennies qui grâce au savoir-faire et aux stratégies des citadins-agriculteurs compte bien se pérenniser dans ces zones humides de la ville.
L’intérêt de conserver un espace vert de loisirs : un objet de recherche à part entière
Authors: Birks Charlotte
Published: May 2017

Afin d’expliquer l’intérêt des propriétaires pour la conservation d’espaces verts (semi-naturels), il est souvent fait référence à des termes génériques pratiques, en invoquant, par exemple, des intérêts touristiques, environnementaux, politiques, culturels ou patrimoniaux. À force d’être employés, ces termes finissent presque par perdre les significations pourtant différentes qu’ils peuvent revêtir à l’échelle locale, en fonction des propriétaires des lieux et des contextes dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent. Face à ce constat, le présent article se propose de mettre en perspective la notion de conservation d’espaces verts et d’étudier les conditions d’émergence de ces intérêts de sauvegarde, à partir de l’étude de trois types de propriétaires/gestionnaires d’espaces végétalisés : une entreprise privée de grande distribution, une municipalité et une famille de la noblesse française. Leur point commun réside dans la volonté d’y développer des activités de loisirs d’extérieur. Une démarche ethnographique a été menée sur chacun de ces trois sites, comprenant des enquêtes par entretiens auprès des gestionnaires ainsi qu’une recherche de données historiques. Derrière un même intérêt a priori commun d’ordre touristique (ouvrir au public, favoriser des activités de détente de plein air, répondre aux attentes, etc.), se révèlent trois histoires différentes d’intérêts complexes qui se renforcent, s’officialisent et se collectivisent au fil du temps.
IL-1R Type 1–Deficient Mice Demonstrate an Impaired Host Immune Response against Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Infection
Authors: Tian Tian , Jin Michelle Qiushuang , Dubin Krista , King Sandra L. , Hoetzenecker Wolfram , Murphy George F. , Chen Chen Amy , Kupper Thomas S. , Fuhlbrigge Robert C.
Published: May 2017

The IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and receptors has been studied extensively. However, the specific roles of IL-1 elements in host immunity to cutaneous viral infection remain elusive. In this study, we applied vaccinia virus (VACV) by scarification to IL-1R1 knockout mice (IL-1R1−/−) and found that these mice developed markedly larger lesions with higher viral genome copies in skin than did wild-type mice. The phenotype of infected IL-1R1−/− mice was similar to eczema vaccinatum, a severe side effect of VACV vaccination that may develop in humans with atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, the impaired cutaneous response of IL-1R1−/− mice did not reflect a systemic immune deficiency, because immunized IL-1R1−/− mice survived subsequent lethal VACV intranasal challenge, or defects of T cell activation or T cell homing to the site of inoculation. Histologic evaluation revealed that VACV infection and replication after scarification were limited to the epidermal layer of wild-type mice, whereas lack of IL-1R1 permitted extension of VACV infection into dermal layers of the skin. We explored the etiology of this discrepancy and determined that IL-1R1−/− mice contained significantly more macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in the dermis after VACV scarification. These cells were vulnerable to VACV infection and may augment the transmission of virus to adjacent skin, thus leading to larger skin lesions and satellite lesions in IL-1R1−/− mice. These results suggest new therapeutic strategies for treatment of eczema vaccinatum and inform assessment of risks in patients receiving IL-1 blocking Abs for treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
Paracrine IL-2 Is Required for Optimal Type 2 Effector Cytokine Production
Authors: Olson Matthew R. , Ulrich Benjamin J. , Hummel Sarah A. , Khan Ibrahim , Meuris Brice , Cherukuri Yesesri , Dent Alexander L. , Janga Sarath Chandra , Kaplan Mark H.
Published: May 2017

IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the differentiation of Th cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells, but it impairs the development of Th17 and T follicular helper cells. Although IL-2 is produced by all polarized Th subsets to some level, how it impacts cytokine production when effector T cells are restimulated is unknown. We show in this article that Golgi transport inhibitors (GTIs) blocked IL-9 production. Mechanistically, GTIs blocked secretion of IL-2 that normally feeds back in a paracrine manner to promote STAT5 activation and IL-9 production. IL-2 feedback had no effect on Th1- or Th17-signature cytokine production, but it promoted Th2- and Th9-associated cytokine expression. These data suggest that the use of GTIs results in an underestimation of the presence of type 2 cytokine–secreting cells and highlight IL-2 as a critical component in optimal cytokine production by Th2 and Th9 cells in vitro and in vivo.
Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics
Authors: Ocaña-Morgner Carlos , Sales Susanne , Rothe Manuela , Shevchenko Andrej , Jessberger Rolf
Published: May 2017

Lipids affect the membrane properties determining essential biological processes. Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell–cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. An increase of ceramide (Cer) was a hallmark for LPS activation. SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70−/− cells caused decreased apoptosis. This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells.
Cutting Edge: Distinct Regulatory Mechanisms Control Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β
Authors: Zhu Qifan , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: May 2017

Interleukin-18 and IL-1β, which are cytokines of the IL-1 family, are synthesized as precursor proteins and activated by the inflammasome via proteolytic processing. IL-1β is only induced in response to inflammatory stimuli, but IL-18 is constitutively expressed. However, how IL-18 and IL-1β expression is regulated by different inflammatory signals remains poorly studied. In this study, we found that IL-18 and IL-1β are differentially regulated. Despite being constitutively expressed, IL-18 expression was increased and sustained after stimulation of TLRs. In contrast, IL-1β was induced but not sustained after chronic treatment. Furthermore, type I IFN signaling was essential for induction of IL-18 and macrophages lacking type I IFN signaling were impaired in their ability to promote IL-18 induction. Thus, our findings reveal a fundamental difference in IL-18 and IL-1β regulation and uncover novel mechanisms that are relevant to the inflammatory settings where these proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role.