bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicando a Morte Encefálica aos Familiares
Authors: De la Torre Bianca Andrade Paz , Caravana de Castro Moraes Ricci Maria Fernanda , Cerqueira Linhares Ulisses
Published: December 2020

Esta é uma cartilha produzida para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde a desenvolverem estratégias para a Comunicação de Notícias Difíceis (CND), mais especificamente a comunicação de Morte Encefálica (ME).Na mesma, apresentaremos algumas formas de realizar a comunicação da ME de uma forma efetiva (clara e objetiva) e afetiva (humanizada e empática).Este material foi elaborado como um dos produtos técnicos finais do mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas a Saúde, realizado pela autora na Universidade de Vassouras. Contou, também, com a parceria do Programa Estadual de Transplante (PET) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Farklı Branşlardaki Öğretmenlerin 21.Yüzyıl Becerileri
Authors: Uyar Ahmet , Çiçek Barış
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmenlerin 21. yüzyıl beceri düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve bu becerilerin bazı değişkenlere göre değişiminin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örnekleminde Hatay ilinde görev yapan farklı branşlardan 207 öğretmen yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Orhan-Göksün (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “21. Yüzyıl Öğreten Becerileri Ölçeği” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada betimsel istatistiklerin yanı sıra bağımsız gruplar t-testi, ANOVA Testi ve Scheffe kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öğretmenlerin 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hizmet içi eğitim kurslarına katılan öğretmenlerin 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin hizmet içi eğitim kurslarına katılmayanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlkokulda görev yapan öğretmenlerin 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin ortaokul ve lisede görev yapan öğretmenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra öğretmenlerin 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin cinsiyet, hizmet yılı ve çalışılan ortam memnuniyeti açısından değişim göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hizmet içi eğitim kurslarının niteliği artırılarak öğretmenlerin hizmet içi eğitim kurslarına katılımı teşvik edilmelidir şeklinde öneri getirilmiştir.
Attitudes of Australian Patients Undergoing Treatment for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers to Different Models of Nutrition Care Delivery: Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Furness Kate , Huggins Catherine Elizabeth , Truby Helen , Croagh Daniel , Haines Terry Peter
Published: December 2020

Background

Adults diagnosed with cancers of the stomach, esophagus, and pancreas are at high risk of malnutrition. In many hospital-based health care settings, there is a lack of systems in place to provide the early and intensive nutritional support that is required by these high-risk cancer patients. Our research team conducted a 3-arm parallel randomized controlled trial to test the provision of an early and intensive nutrition intervention to patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers using a synchronous telephone-based delivery approach versus an asynchronous mobile app–based approach delivered using an iPad compared with a control group to address this issue.

Objective

This study aims to explore the overall acceptability of an early and intensive eHealth nutrition intervention delivered either via a synchronous telephone-based approach or an asynchronous mobile app–based approach.

Methods

Patients who were newly diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal cancer and who consented to participate in a nutrition intervention were recruited. In-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability in NVivo Pro 12 Plus.

Results

A total of 20 participants were interviewed, 10 from each intervention group (synchronous or asynchronous delivery). Four major themes emerged from the qualitative synthesis: participants’ self-efficacy, low levels of burden, and intervention comprehension were required for intervention effectiveness and positive affect; participants sought a sense of support and security through relationship building and rapport with their dietitian; knowledge acquisition and learning-enabled empowerment through self-management; and convenience, flexibility, and bridging the gap to hard-to-reach individuals.

Conclusions

Features of eHealth models of nutrition care delivered via telephone and mobile app can be acceptable to those undergoing treatment for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Convenience, knowledge acquisition, improved self-management, and support were key benefits for the participants. Future interventions should focus on home-based interventions delivered with simple, easy-to-use technology. Providing participants with a choice of intervention delivery mode (synchronous or asynchronous) and allowing them to make individual choices that align to their individual values and capabilities may support improved outcomes.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN) 12617000152325; https://tinyurl.com/p3kxd37b.
Interoperable Platform to Report Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Tests From Laboratories to the Chilean Government: Development and Implementation Study
Authors: Guinez-Molinos Sergio , Andrade José María , Medina Negrete Alejandro , Espinoza Vidal Sonia , Rios Elvis
Published: December 2020

Background

Testing, traceability, and isolation actions are a central strategy defined by the World Health Organization to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, the countries have had difficulties in counting the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2. Errors in reporting results are a common factor, as well as the lack of interoperability between laboratories and governments. Approaches aimed at sending spreadsheets via email expose patients’ privacy and have increased the probability of errors due to retyping, which generates a delay in the notification of results.

Objective

This study aims to design and develop an interoperable platform to report polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 tests from laboratories to the Chilean government.

Methods

The methodology to design and develop the interoperable platform was comprised of six well-structured stages: (1) creation of a minimum data set for PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests, (2) modeling processes and end points where institutions interchange information, (3) standards and interoperability design, (4) software development, (5) software testing, and (6) software implementation.

Results

The interoperable Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) platform to report PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests from laboratories to the Chilean government was successfully implemented. The platform was designed, developed, tested, and implemented following a structured methodology. The platform’s performance to 1000 requests resulted in a response time of 240 milliseconds, throughput of 28.3 requests per second, and process management time of 131 milliseconds. The security was assured through a private network exclusive to the Ministry of Health to ensure confidentiality and integrity. The authorization and authentication of laboratories were implemented with a JavaScript Object Notation Web Token. All the PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests were accessible through an application programming interface gateway with valid credentials and the right access control list.

Conclusions

The platform was implemented and is currently being used by UC Christus Laboratory. The platform is secure. It was tested adequately for confidentiality, secure authorization, authentication, and message integrity. This platform simplifies the reporting of PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests and reduces the time and probability of mistakes in counting positive cases. The interoperable solution with FHIR is working successfully and is open for the community, laboratories, and any institution that needs to report PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests.
Assessing COVID-19–Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Hispanic Primary Care Patients: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Burger Zoe C , Mehta Shivani N , Ortiz Dayanna , Sor Sekboppa , Kothari Jigna , Lam Yvonne , Meka Meena , Meka Ajay , Rodwell Timothy
Published: December 2020

Background

Recent epidemiological data indicate that minority groups, especially Hispanic communities, experience higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19. It is important to understand the nature of this health disparity and the socioeconomic or behavioral factors that are placing Hispanic communities and other minority populations at higher risk for morbidity and mortality.

Objective

The purpose of this project is to assess current COVID-19–related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among a predominantly Hispanic population from Orange County, California, and identify risk factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility and vulnerability to contracting SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

Our Orange County–wide community survey consists of quantitative survey questions in four domains: demographic information, COVID-19 knowledge questions, COVID-19 attitude questions, and COVID-19 practices questions. The survey questions are adapted from recent global KAP studies. Participants are being recruited from Amistad Medical Clinic, a private primary health clinic group in Orange County that treats a predominantly Hispanic population. Patients recruited during telehealth visits are surveyed remotely by telephone, and those recruited during in-person clinic visits are surveyed in person. Surveys are conducted by trained members of the study team who are native to the community setting.

Results

As of October 12, 2020, we had recruited and enrolled 327 participants. Data collection occurred June 26th to October 30th. Data analysis is ongoing.

Conclusions

Very few current COVID-19 studies focus on the perspective and experience of minority populations. Because Hispanic communities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, it is important to understand the factors the contribute to this disparity and the next steps that should be taken to reduce the COVID-19 burden in this population. We believe that our study model of partnering with a local clinic system that serves our study population can be expanded to other settings to compare COVID-19 KAP and associated factors within different minority communities.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25265
Presencia de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores de la ciudadela las Piñas, Milagro-Ecuador y su riesgo en salud pública
Authors: Coello-Peralta Roberto Darwin , Martinez-Cepeda Galo Ernesto , Pinela-Castro Douglas , Reyes-Echeverria Enrique Omar , Rodriguez-Burnham Enrique Xavier , Salazar Mazamba Maria De Lourdes , Pazmiño-Gómez Betty , Ramírez-Tigrero Antonella , Bernstein Manuel , Cedeño-Reyes Pedro
Published: December 2020

La Hymenolepidiosis es una zoonosis de prevalencia mundial, sobre todo en niños, es causada por cestodos de roedores denominados Hymenolepis (H) nana e Hymenolepis diminuta, es muy frecuente en países en vías de desarrollo, con climas cálidos, templados y secos. El ciclo biológico de la H. nana no requiere de hospederos intermediarios, y su transmisión habitual es fecal-oral (por ingesta de huevos infectivos); y la infección de H. diminuta se da a través de la ingestión de artrópodos tenebriónidos con la forma larvaria cisticercoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de H. nana e H. diminuta en la ciudadela Las Piñas, de la ciudad de Milagro (Ecuador) y dar a conocer a través de charlas informativas el riesgo en salud pública; para esta investigación se capturaron roedores con ayuda de trampas Tomahawk y Sherman en complementariedad con cebos no tóxicos (carne, mortadela, pescado, pan). Mediante un estudio aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-prospectivo-transversal, realizado entre el 1 de febrero al 30 de julio del 2018, se analizaron las muestras fecales por métodos directos y de flotación-centrifugación con solución salina sobresaturada.  De 87 roedores capturados y procesados,  20 casos (22.99 %) se determinó para  Hymenolepis nana y  10 casos (11.49 %) para H. diminuta. Constituyéndose en el primer reporte de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores en el país. Se concluye que es evidente la presencia de estos parásitos en el sitio de estudio, lo que podría convertirse en un serio problema de salud pública, por el riesgo de transmitirse a los habitantes del sector.
Short Selling and Tax Disclosure: Evidence from Regulation SHO
Authors: Kubick Thomas R. , Omer Thomas C. , Song Xiao
Published: December 2020

We use a regulatory shock to examine whether the prospect of short selling affected tax disclosures. From May 2005 to August 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission initiated a pilot program under Regulation SHO, temporarily exempting one-third of the Russell 3000 index firms from short sale price tests, reducing short selling costs. Before the pilot program, we find that pilot firms' income tax footnote disclosures are similar to non-pilot firms. During the pilot program, we find that pilot firms have more readable income tax footnotes than non-pilot firms. The words describing tax activities also changed for tax aggressive pilot firms. In further tests, we observe greater readability among pilot firms led by senior executives whose personal wealth is more sensitive to stock price changes. After the pilot program ends, the differences between pilot and non-pilot firms disappear. These results suggest that the prospect of short selling affects tax disclosures.

JEL Classifications: H26; M41; G18.

Data Availability: All data used in this study are from publicly available sources.
The mechanism of stimulating the rational management of municipal waste: international experience
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Chernookiy Y. A. , Murzin A. D. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Municipal solid waste management is a critical factor in sustainable development. This task is the most important priority of state policy at the present time. The purpose of the study is to review the experience of leading countries in the field of economic incentives for the rational management of municipal waste. The study examines the experience of Germany and Croatia in the implementation of a depository-pledge system for handling containers and food packaging. As a result, the study examines the prospects and ad-vantages of using this system in the Russian context.
Examining the use of STEAM Education in Preschool Education
Authors: Spyropoulou Constantina , Wallace Manolis , Vassilakis Costas , Poulopoulos Vassilis
Published: December 2020

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) initiatives are of current interest for both in-school and out-of-school contexts in North America. This is a new concept which is shifting educational paradigms towards art integration in STEM subjects. This article focuses on the need for STEAM education at the early childhood level and investigates the teaching and educational models of STEAM education in the kindergarten and in the first grades of primary school and how pre-school and primary school teachers see these models in the Greek context but also what students eventually learn from these models. The purpose of this chapter is to better understand the educational programs of STEAM education, which are offered by non-profit organizations and both public and private schools. Preschool children have a natural disposition toward science with their sense of curiosity and creativity. More research needs to be done in the area of STEAM implementation in the K-8 classrooms to incorporate engineering education.
Using Learning Theories for the Creation of a Distance Digital Course in Mathematics for Higher Education
Authors: Velentzas Ioannis , Doukakis Spyridon
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of distance education in Mathematics for higher education students. A digital course in Differential Calculus was created, which was evaluated by the students who participated in it. The aim of the quantitative research carried out was to identify the conditions needed for the implementation of a digital distance education model. The design includes the integration of activities based on learning theories at targeted points of the distance learning. From the results, it appears that the students achieved the learning outcomes that were identified. Moreover, the integration of the relevant activities had a positive impact on the students, who a) positively evaluated the program they attended and b) stated that their knowledge was enhanced at the issues negotiated on the course.
Application of Information and Technology in Supply Chain Management: Case Study of Artificial Intelligence – A Mini Review
Authors: Bui Trong Hieu , Bui Thi Kim Uyen
Published: December 2020

It is wide known that the world has been moving towards a digital future over the years, and Industry 4.0 technologies are considered to be the way of the future. One of the most prominent of these technologies (including Block Chain, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, etc.) is Artificial Intelligence (AI), was introduced to develop and create “thinking machines” that are capable of mimicking, learning, and replacing human intelligence. However, its widespread acceptance as a decision-aid tool, AI has seen limited application in supply chain management (SCM). The purpose of this work is to identify the contributions of AI to SCM through a brief review of the existing literature. Besides, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to SCM and identifies the most subfields of SCM in which to apply AI.
Effectiveness of Constructed Indoor Air Purifier to Enhance Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Kedare Vinit J. , Kharat Smruti S. , Tawde Sonal
Published: December 2020

Air pollution is one of the most concerned issue worldwide as it affects the population at a time. Indoor air contamination can be due to different forms of allergens, smoke, mold, radon, and other pollutants all negatively impact the health of building occupants. These pollutants can have severe effects on health of individuals up to 10 times worse than the outdoor air pollution due to lack of ventilation. For purification of air an attempt has been made to construct a purifier using filters that can trap the indoor air pollutants. The prepared model is constructed considering the cost and working efficiency for maintaining a healthy indoor environment. The model is based on the filtration of air through compact filters (HEPA filters) that are more efficient than any other filters. To analyze the indoor air quality and the working efficiency of the purifier, certain quantitative analysis of the air micro-flora and the total mass concentration of the indoor dust were conducted at four locations in the premises of B. K. Birla College (Autonomous), Kalyan. Quality of the indoor air before using the Constructed Indoor Air purifier and during the use of purifier was checked. The resulted data showed a decrease in the microbial population as well as reduction in the concentration of dust particles, thus indicating the working efficiency of the constructed purifier.
Pengaruh Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy terhadap Pola Asuh Coparenting Orangtua
Authors: Khair Nurul Fadhilah
Published: December 2020

Parents play an important role in the family, while the second role plays in parenting is very much needed by the child's development. Child's psychological development will be much better, if both require joint care or coparenting. The pattern of joint care or coparenting is mutual support and act as a team of mutual support, which is carried out by both parties. The main concept of coparenting care here is second, interconnected or mutually supportive in all forms of attitudes, relationships and teaching in parenting practices. This study uses a single case study design with A-B-A model in which this research method is deemed suitable for the assessment of changes in therapy and applied therapy in couples. The results of the study showed a change in coparenting scores in each pair.
Epistemological Obstacles on The Quadratic Inequality
Authors: Tamba Kimura Patar , Saragih Melda Jaya
Published: December 2020

Students often experience difficulties and errors in solving quadratic inequality problems. These difficulties and errors are not only caused by students’ ignorance or misconceptions, but also caused by epistemological obstacles. This study aimed to determine the epistemological obstacles faced by the junior high school students in quadratic inequality. This research was a qualitative research that involved 105 ninth-grade students at one of the junior high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. The data were collected through open-ended tasks and task-based interviews. The data were analyzed using the inductive coding process to classify students’ errors.  The descriptive analysis was carried out to reveal students’ ways of understanding and ways of thinking behind each error to be compared with historical analysis. Based on the description of ways of understanding and ways of thinking and comparison with this historical phenomenon, the epistemological obstacles had be confirmed. The results showed that there were epistemological obstacles in quadratic inequalities. The epistemological obstacles consisted of students' quadratic equation knowledge acts and students' arithmetic knowledge acts. However, no epistemological obstacles were found in the development history of quadratic inequality. Students' epistemological obstacles were parallel to the historical phenomena of quadratic inequality.
Algebraic Structure of Supernilpotent Radical Class Constructed from a Topology Thychonoff Space
Authors: Prasetyo Puguh Wahyu , Yuwaningsih Dian Ariesta , Nurnugroho Burhanudin Arif
Published: December 2020

A radical class of rings is called a supernilpotent radicals if it is hereditary and it contains the class  for some positive integer  In this paper, we start by exploring the concept of Tychonoff space to build a supernilpotent radical. Let  be a Tychonoff space that does not contain any isolated point. The set  of all continuous real-valued functions defined on  is a prime essential ring. Finally, we can show that the class  of rings is a supernilpotent radical class containing the matrix ring .
Ethnomathematics: Mathematical Aspects of Panjalin Traditional House and Its Relation to Learning in Schools
Authors: Sulaiman Herri , Nasir Fuad
Published: December 2020

This study was aimed to improve the learning process at school through ethnomathematics culture-based learning, namely the Panjalin traditional house. The purpose of this study was to explore the culture of Panjalin society as a medium for learning mathematics. Through culture-based learning, students were expected to improve their mathematics learning outcomes. The results showed that there were mathematical concepts and activities in the Panjalin traditional house. Students should learn the theories about mathematical concepts and know their application. The result of the study was aimed to examine the aspects of mathematics in the Panjalin traditional house and its relationship with mathematics learning at schools.
Artículo 1/2020_EJIC (nº 197) ¿Publicar o perecer? Reflexiones a partir del II Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Criminología
Authors: Molnar Lorena , Del-Real Cristina
Published: December 2020

Esta edición especial del Boletín Criminológico recoge nueve de las mejores contribuciones presentadas durante el II Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Criminología, que tuvo lugar en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Málaga (España) los días 13 y 14 de febrero de 2020. Tras presentar las nueve contribuciones, este artículo discute el reto que supone publicar siendo joven investigador. En particular, revisaremos de manera breve los escritos relativos al fenómeno “publica o perece” a fin de exponer sus aspectos positivos, así como sus dificultades, y, por último, esbozaremos algunas recomendaciones para publicar de manera exitosa, preservando los principios éticos y metodológicos de nuestra ciencia.
Exceptional and Futureless Humanitarian Education of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Prospects for Shifting the Lens.
Authors: Brun Cathrine , Shuayb Maha
Published: December 2020

The article unpacks and analyzes the potentials and short- comings of a humanitarian framework for educational response during protracted displacement. Humanitarianism is concerned with the immediate, while education is future oriented. Calls to shift the humanitarian discourse from relief and survival to development have contributed to include education as part of the humanitarian response. The article analyzes potentials and limitations in Lebanon’s edu- cation provision and policies for Syrian refugees. We discuss the impact and implications of the humanitarian response and reflect on what principles should be formulated for pro- vision of a socially just, inclusive, and more developmental education for refugees in protracted displacement.
Reflection on the Education of Refugee Children: Beyond Reification and Emergency
Authors: Shuayb Maha , Crul Maurice
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Aproximación a la dieta de Thalassoma lucasanum (familia Labridae) en el arrecife coralino de La Azufrada, isla Gorgona, Pacífico Oriental Tropical
Authors: Palacios Narváez Stephania , Valencia Bellineth , Giraldo Alan
Published: December 2020

El arcoíris de Cortés, Thalassoma lucasanum, es un pez arrecifal abundante en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT). A diferencia de otras especies del género Thalassoma que son reconocidas por ser limpiadoras, en T. lucasanum este comportamiento es poco frecuente, ya que se alimenta principalmente de invertebrados mediante forrajeo. No obstante, la información sobre la ecología trófica de esta especie es limitada, especialmente en el POT. En este estudio se caracterizan los hábitos alimentarios de T. lucasanum en la isla Gorgona (POT) a partir del análisis de su contenido estomacal y se calcula su nicho trófico. Los moluscos fueron el principal recurso alimentario de T. lucasanum, siendo este el ítem de presa más importante y frecuente al ser encontrado en 100 % de los estómagos analizados (n = 5). En términos de biomasa, los crustáceos presentaron la mayor contribución a la dieta, con lo cual se posicionaron como el segundo ítem alimentario más importante. Otras presas incluyeron poliquetos, partes de peces y material calcáreo. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de la dinámica trófica de los ecosistemas arrecifales del POT.
Primer registro del pepino de mar garra de león Euapta godeffroyi Semper, 1868 (Holothuroidea: Apodida: Synaptidae) en la isla Gorgona, Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Londoño-Cruz Edgardo
Published: December 2020

Los holotúridos corresponden a 20-25 % de todas las especies conocidas de equinodermos. En el Pacífico colombiano se han registrado 34 especies, de las cuales 11 lo han sido en la isla Gorgona. Este es el primer registro del pepino de mar garra de león
Euapta godeffroyi en la isla. El espécimen fue recolectado mediante buceo autónomo en el submareal del parche coralino conocido localmente como El Arrecifito del Muelle, a una profundidad aproximada de 2 m. Tenía una longitud aproximada de 80 cm y entre 2 y 3 cm de diámetro. Los osículos de la pared del cuerpo corresponden básicamente a anclas y a placas de anclas; estas últimas presentan pequeñas ramificaciones en la base del eje central. El presente registro llena un vacío en la distribución de esta especie en el Pacífico
Oriental Tropical.
Valoración actual de las poblaciones de Acropora palmata y Acropora cervicornis en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano
Authors: García Urueña Rocío del Pilar , Garzón-Machado Marco , Sierra Escrigas Silvia
Published: December 2020

La última valoración sobre la extensión, estado y cobertura viva (%) de las formaciones de Acropora palmata (29) y A. cervicornis (12) en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona fue realizada en 2001 y publicada en 2004. Estas mismas formaciones, incluyendo una adicional en isla Aguja, fueron evaluadas de nuevo entre 2016 y 2018 teniendo en cuenta las mismas variables, y adicionalmente el registro de condición de las colonias. Para A. palmata se encontraron 24 formaciones con una reducción en área de 28,9 %. La cobertura promedio aumentó cerca de 2,0 %, y se observó una amplia distribución de frecuencia de tallas y una proporción importante de colonias con territorios de peces damisela (Stegastes). El área de las formaciones de A. cervicornis se redujo 99,3 % y solo se encontró una formación en Nenguange, aunque se registran dos nuevas y pequeñas en Cinto y otra en Chengue. La cobertura promedio fue de 8,0 %, en su mayoría constituida por colonias de talla pequeña y principalmente afectadas por blanqueamiento, macroalgas, enfermedades y depredadores. Claramente el estatus de las dos especies es diferente por lo que requieren esfuerzos diferentes para su manejo y conservación. Las formaciones de A. palmata han persistido, pero es necesario realizar estudios continuos que permitan detectar cambios temporales, con evaluaciones de aspectos ecológicos como las afectaciones por los peces damisela. El estado de A. cerviconis es crítico, por lo que demanda acciones urgentes de restauración y otras medidas de manejo para mitigar la tendencia a su desaparición en el área.
Peces criptobentónicos en el Parque Nacional Natural Uramba Bahía Málaga (Colombia), Pacífico Oriental Tropical
Authors: Castellanos-Galindo Gustavo Adolfo , Medina-Contreras Diana , Lazarus Juan Felipe , Cantera Kintz Jaime Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Los peces criptobentónicos contribuyen de manera significativa a la dinámica trófica de los ecosistemas costeros. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición de esta comunidad y comprobar si su estructura difiere temporal y espacialmente en el Parque Nacional Natural Uramba Bahía Málaga (Pacífico Oriental Tropical). Los peces se recolectaron utilizando sustratos artificiales en tres zonas, entre junio de 2008 y agosto de 2009. Se registraron 26 especies, pertenecientes a 11 familias. Gobiidae y Labrisomidae fueron las familias más representativas (especies: 34,6 % e individuos: 66 %). La riqueza y abundancia aumentó en un gradiente del interior hacia el exterior del parque. Utilizando estadística multivariada, se identificó un patrón espacial en la estructura de la comunidad, con localidades internas significativamente diferentes de las medias y externas. Cerdale ionthas, Gobiosoma seminudum, Starksia fulva y Gobulus hancocki fueron responsables de esta diferenciación (contribución > 59 %). El uso de sustratos artificiales para tomar muestras de peces criptobentónicos demostró ser una forma eficiente de identificar una parte de la ictiofauna que no había sido identificada mediante técnicas de muestreo tradicionales y también fue útil para comparar la variabilidad espacial de esta comunidad. La comparación con comunidades de peces criptobentónicos en otras regiones biogeográficas indica que, debido a la baja riqueza de especies en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical, estas comunidades tanto en Colombia como en México muestran baja redundancia funcional y considerables diferencias en sus preferencias tróficas.
Primer registro del lenguado de Herre, Aseraggodes herrei (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae), en la isla Malpelo, Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Rodríguez Moreno Melina , Lozano Cortés Diego
Published: December 2020

A pesar de ser un género diverso con un total de 53 especies, Aseraggodes solo tiene registros confirmados de una especie en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT). En esta nota se presenta el primer registro del lenguado de Herre, A. herrei, para Colombia, a partir de dos especímenes observados a 24 m de profundidad, en el costado oriental de la isla Malpelo. Ambos individuos estaban camuflados sobre sustrato de arena gruesa. Diferenciarlos del sustrato fue difícil, lo que podría explicar, junto con la poca disponibilidad de hábitat, por qué esta especie no había sido registrada previamente para la isla. Este registro amplía la distribución geográfica insular de A. herrei más allá de los archipiélagos de Galápagos y de Revillagigedo y de la isla del Coco en el POT. Además, resalta la importancia de las especies visualmente crípticas y estrechamente asociadas al bentos en los inventarios de riqueza íctica.
Transformation of reindeer farming under the market economy conditions (on the example of Yamal)
Authors:   Northwest Center for Interdisciplinary Problems of Food Security, Yuzhakov A.A. , Detter G.F. ,   Scientific Center for the Study of the Arctic of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region
Published: December 2020

The authors investigate the economic transformation of reindeer farming in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The region is unique for having the largest number of domesticated reindeer and nomadic indigenous peoples in the world. The conceptual basis of the research is the idea of reindeer farming as a unique biosocial system, including the triad “man-reindeer-pasture”. The study analyzes the historical, social and economic transformations of reindeer farming in the region, where at least 60% of the private livestock of domesticated reindeer in the Arctic zone of Russia have always grazed. An increase in the number of reindeer was observed in private farms even during the years of economic crisis, reforms and industrial development of the territory. Private reindeer farmers belong to former sovkhozs (post-state farms), communities and unassociated “private” owners. Only half of the reindeer farming communities are registered in the state register and receive subsidies for the sale of products. Post-state farms have government subsidies that are significantly higher than reindeer farming communities, which increases the cost of their production two to three times. “Private traders” do not receive subsidies to increase the number of reindeer and the products they sell. The liberalization of the economy lifted restrictions on private reindeer farms, and their quantitative growth exceeded the norms permissible for pastures. At the same time, private reindeer farms produce almost 70% of marketable products, primarily meat, dags and antlers. Only 36% of personal subsidiary plots are included in legal entities, which makes it difficult to organize the regulated use of pastureland in the region. The administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, together with scientific and public organizations, has developed a conceptual plan for the reorganization of private reindeer farms into peasant (farmer) enterprises. A register of producers is being created to allocate state and municipal subsidies. It is planned to speed up the cooperation of private farms in order to improve their manageability. There is a process of reducing the number of post-state farms in order to focus reindeer farming mainly on preserving the traditional way of life and reproducing the ethno-culture of the Arctic indigenous peoples.
Analysis of technological and technical advances in the study of subaqueous gas hydrates and the possibility of their application in the Arctic seas of Russia
Authors:   I. S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Logvina E.A. , Matveeva T.V. ,   I. S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Bochkarev A.V. ,   I. S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Semenova A.A. ,   I. S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Nazarova O.V. ,   I. S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean
Published: December 2020

The current stage of strategic development of Russia’s economic and scientific interests is characterized by the study and subsequent development of hydrocarbon resources of the continental shelf and the bottom of the World Ocean. At the same time, special attention is paid to the waters of the Arctic seas, the ecological and climatic changes of which are interconnected with the degradation of underwater permafrost and associated gas hydrates. To study the latter, specialized equipment is needed to take unmodified samples of natural gas hydrates. The paper analyzes the technical characteristics and analytical capabilities of modern samplers and analyzers and evaluates the possibilities of their use for studying hydrate-containing sediments in the Arctic seas.
Sex of the Fetus can be Associated with Placental Pathologies in Premature Deliveries
Authors:   Al-Hakim General Hospital- Baghdad –Iraq, Munim Wasan , Kamel Niran , Raheem Kareem Alaa , Rasool Hussein Aal-Saleh Mustafa , Luay Subhi Mohammed , Abdulkareem Ali Al-Dujaili Sarah
Published: December 2020

Background: There are many pregnancy complications that are significantly associated with the gender of the fetus; one of them is preterm labour, which is an important obstetric problem that may lead to many perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To find out whether there is a relation between the findings of placental pathology of premature deliveries and gender difference. Patients and Methods: Fifty deliveries before a 32 week gestational age. Obstetrical, and placental histological findings have been compared among all males (n=25), and females (n=25) premature neonates. Results: The male premature fetus had distribution rate in maternal age, gestation age at the time of delivery, placental weight, and feto-placental weight-ratio in females, but a higher birth-weight centile ([55.09±11.3] versus [43.09±8.2]). Histopathology of the placenta found no significant association of fetal-sex with acute inflammatory lesions (p=0.09), intra-placental vascular pathological findings, or utero-placental vascular pathology. However, the chronic inflammatory lesion showed a higher pathological score in male fetuses than in the females (p=0.01). Conclusion: Premature deliveries with less than thirty-two weeks, the male fetal-sex had higher placental pathological lesions, suggesting maternal immunological responses towards the invading trophoblasts. The immunological background of these pathological lesions needs further studies. Keywords: Male fetal sex, placental pathology, premature delivery
Outcomes of Percutaneous Pinning Technique in the Management of Two-Part and Three-Part Proximal Humerus Fracture in Adults
Authors:   College of Medicine- Hawler Medical University- Erbil- Iraq, Muhammed Sleman Alany Abdulkadr , Mazin Shekheel Mercalose Hasan , Alauldeen Fadhil Al-Bayati Thaqaf
Published: December 2020

Background: Proximal humerus fractures represent 4-5% of over-all fractures. In patients above 40 years of age, it accounts for 75% of all humerus fractures. Fractures of the proximal end of the humerus oftentimes represent a management dilemma with the multiple surgical options available to deal with them. Objective: To evaluate the functional and radiographic outcomes of the percutaneous pinning techniques in the management of two-part and three-part proximal humerus fracture. Patients and Methods: A case series of 25 patients, functional outcome was determined by ASES and Constant scores and multiple radiographic views were taken to assess the fracture union, mal-union, and the presence of avascular necrosis. Results: ASES score of the whole group was 87.27 while the mean Constant score was 79.04. Only 16% of the entire group developed varus malunion (defined by Neck-Shaft-Angle <=120degrees). Moreover, 16% of the whole group developed OA of the glenohumeral joint. Conclusion: This study supports that the percutaneous close reduction and pinning technique is an effective and reliable surgical technique in the management of closed two-part and three-part proximal humerus fractures in adults. Appropriate preoperative planning is important to achieve a successful surgical result, and regular postoperative follow-up and rehabilitation are essential to get an optimum functional outcome. Keywords: Proximal humerus fracture, percutaneous pinning, upper extremity surgery, trauma surgery, Clinical outcomes, Percutaneous fracture fixation
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Classification, Clinical features and Diagnosis
Authors:   Medical Lab Technologies Department, Bilad Al-Rafidain University College -Diyala- Iraq, Kadhim Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi Fatimah , Razooqi Mohammed Mazin
Published: December 2020

Background: Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid, dependent on the type of stem cell that is affected. In addition, leukemia is classified as chronic or acute. Acute leukemia is a production of bone marrow-derived immature cells (blasts), include solid organs or peripheral blood. The FAB Cooperative Group original classification scheme proposed to divide1 ALL into three subtypes (L1 - L3). Currently, the world health organization (WHO), modify FAB classification depending on immunophenotype. Symptoms presence of anemia, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia, and those are naturally present at diagnosis, indicating the degree to which leukemic lymphoblasts have replaced the bone marrow and the first mark to an ALL diagnosis is typically an abnormal complete blood count result. Objective: To introduce causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia, recent classification methods, diagnosis, and symptoms and diagnosis. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs due to a defect in the bone marrow and is classified into several types. The most important classification by the World Health Organization is depending on immunophenotype. The main symptoms are the increase in white blood cells with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Blood
Annexin V Levels as an Indicator of Myocardial Cell Death after Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   College of Medicine-Diyala University- Iraq, Karem Ahmed Mohammed , Hassan Mohammed Adil , Medb Athab Amed
Published: December 2020

Background:Myocardial ischemia is associated with apoptosis of cardiomyocyte and because of apoptotic cell death is characterized by externalization of Phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane, so it is amenable to targeting by Annexin V. Objective: To compare plasma concentrations of Annexin V in patients who had an early infarct with patients without infarction. And to analyze the plasma concentration of Annexin V in relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and Methods: A Case-control study of 100 patients (case) who are diagnosed with Myocardial Infarction (MI) and admitted to the coronary care unit of Baqubah Teaching Hospital and another 100 patients homogenous in terms of age and gender and who attended the hospital for other cause than myocardial infarction is selected as the control group during a period between the first of April and the first of July 2019. A special questionnaire used to collect the required information, an early morning blood sample is taken to measure the level of Annexin V by ELISA, Student’s t-test, ANOVA test and Chi_square test to find an association and differences between variables. Results: The results showed that The mean Annexin V level is significantly higher in cases (10.48155ng/ml) than control (1.28803ng/ml) with p-value =0.001 and a sample taken within 24 hours after MI is significantly higher in the mean level of Annexin V then the sample taken after 24 hours of MI. Conclusion: Generally, the measurement of Annexin V level has provided a good diagnostic test to evaluate myocardial infarction. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Annexin V, Phosphatidylserine, Apoptosis
Human Astrovirus and Cryptosporidium Co-infection among Children with Gastroenteritis in Diyala Governorate
Authors:   Department of Microbiology - College of Medicine -University of Diyala - Diyala - Iraq, I Naif Amal , A Hussein Areej , J Shaker Mohammed , A Hussein Rawaa
Published: December 2020

Background: Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. The highest mortality from diarrheal diseases in children lived crowded areas were poor sanitary and hygienic conditions found. Objective: To determine the co-infections between human astrovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. among children with gastroenteritis below 5 years of age in the Diyala governorate. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 100 patients with acute gastroenteritis who attended the Emergency Department of Pediatrics in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric in Baqubah city, during the period from July 2019 to February 2020. Real time-PCR was used to detect human astrovirus while enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. A specific formula sheet was used to collect demographic data such as age, gender, mother education, and type of milk feeding. Results: Out of 100 samples, 14 samples were positive for human astrovirus and 38 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The infection rate is more common in males (9 cases) (25cases) rather than females, and in age group less than years 11(78.58%) and 34(89.47%) respectively. Artificial feeding showed higher frequencies of infection than others in the study population. Co-infection astrovirus and Cryptosporidium found in four patients, all of whom were males aged under one-year and the difference was statistically significant with all parameters. Conclusion: A high proportion of positive cases for human astrovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. were notes in males and the age group less than one year’s co-infection showed high frequency in the study population. Keywords: Gastroenteritis, human astrovirus, Cryptosporidium, co-infection
Oral Complications of Cancer Medication in Hemato-Oncologic Patients
Authors:   Ministry of Health - Erbil- Iraq, Tariq Muhammad Rasha , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: Chemotherapy is used to treat approximately 70% of cancer patients. Oral complications secondary to chemotherapy are recorded in about 80% of hemato–oncologic patients, these complications affect the patients’ quality of life and could sometimes be fatal. Objective: To describe the oral manifestations secondary to chemotherapy medication in hemato-oncologic patients and to determine which of those oral manifestations is more common. Patients and Methods: A sample of 190 patients presented to Nanakali Hospital for blood- related diseases and cancer in Erbil. The age range of the patients was 3-80 years, (mean 38.35 ± 22.62). Various types of malignancies, types of chemotherapy, and oral manifestation secondary to chemotherapy were recorded. Results: The most common type of cancer presented was leukemia (37.9%). In patients undergoing chemotherapy, the recorded oral manifestation was mucositis, xerostomia, fungal and viral infection. Mucositis was the most common, being recorded in 46.3% of the subjects. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of the presence of a specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine working in coordination with the medical team to take care of the patients before, during and after chemotherapy. This multidisciplinary team can decrease the frequency of occurrence of oral manifestations, and can even assist in early diagnosis and management of oral lesions in case oral manifestation occurs. Keywords: Oral manifestation, chemotherapy, hematology-oncology patient, mucositis, fungal infection, xerostomia, viral infection