bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writing a Research Proposal
Authors: Chasokela Doris , Sibanda Lwazi
Published: December 2024

The chapter provides an overview of the essential components of a research proposal for academicians in higher education. It includes guidance on developing a research question, identifying key sources and literature, and outlining the research methodology. Additionally, it covers the importance of effective abstracts and keywords in a research proposal. The chapter provides tips for creating a clear and concise proposal that effectively communicates the purpose and goals of the research. This chapter discusses the key elements of a research proposal for academicians in higher education, including the research question, literature review, methodology, and outcomes. It also highlights the role of effective keywords in helping potential readers find and understand the research proposal. The research proposal is the skeleton or backbone of the research as it is structured in such a way that indicates what the writer intends to do. The mission of having a chapter on writing a research proposal is to provide higher education students and researchers with the knowledge and skills.
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Sahu Salony , Behera Alok
Published: December 2024

The chapter comprehensively guides scholars in converting their theses into published works. Beginning with the transition's background and significance, it delves into understanding the publishing landscape to identify suitable journals and publishers. The chapter details the preparation of a thesis for publication, emphasizing content refinement to meet academic standards. It navigates the submission process, offering strategies for journal selection and effective peer review responses. Collaborative approaches are highlighted, showcasing the benefits of co-authorship. Practical solutions for overcoming common challenges and strategies for engaging with the academic community through networking, conferences, and digital tools to enhance visibility are provided. Ethical considerations are discussed to ensure integrity and responsible research practices. Ultimately, this chapter equips researchers with the necessary strategies and practical advice to successfully publish their theses, contributing valuable knowledge to their fields and advancing their academic careers.
Echoes of Change
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Nursyam Nursyam , Hermansyah Sam , Amriani H. Sri Rika , Syahrir L.
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines how institutional culture transforms higher education contexts. The chapter uses Elmore and McLaughlin's three-tiered and Schein's corporate culture models to show how beliefs, actions, and practices may change things. It emphasizes the importance of institutional culture in preparing students for globalization and technological advances by emphasizing adaptation and resilience. The chapter suggests student-centered approaches, technology for personalized learning, and community and industry partnerships for HEIs to capitalize on their cultural strengths. By purposefully creating their institutional culture, HEIs can adapt to social changes and improve education. The chapter concludes that institutional culture drives innovation and quality in higher education by combining cultural understanding with strategic leadership and community participation.
Responsible AI Implementation in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Archana Kande
Published: December 2024

Responsible implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare organizations is paramount for ensuring ethical and effective deployment. This involves several key considerations. Firstly, transparency in AI algorithms and decision-making processes is essential to foster trust among healthcare professionals and patients. Secondly, robust data governance frameworks must be established to safeguard patient privacy and mitigate risks associated with data biases. Thirdly, ongoing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to assess AI's impact on patient outcomes and organizational workflows continuously. Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration between healthcare professionals, data scientists, ethicists, and policymakers is crucial for addressing complex ethical dilemmas and ensuring alignment with regulatory standards. By prioritizing responsible AI implementation, healthcare organizations can harness the transformative potential of AI while upholding patient safety, privacy, and equity, ultimately advancing the quality and accessibility of healthcare services.
Transforming Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Mohamed Mohideen A. , Saikrishna K. , Akash Kannan K.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to enhance cancer diagnosis through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced data analytics. Utilizing a quantitative research design, we collected and analyzed diverse datasets, including demographic, clinical, and genetic information, to develop predictive models for early cancer detection. The findings reveal that machine learning algorithms significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, enabling the identification of cancer risk factors and facilitating timely interventions. The results underscore the potential of AI to transform cancer care by personalizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. This research highlights the importance of ethical considerations and data quality in developing AI-driven healthcare solutions, suggesting that a collaborative approach is essential for future advancements in cancer diagnosis and management.
Advancing Healthcare Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Mangairkarasi S. , Venkata Ramana T. , Vaishnavi R. , Agalya S. , Sathya V. , Siva Subramanian R.
Published: December 2024

Healthcare is changing as an outcome of artificial intelligence (AI), which is improving administrative, therapeutic, and diagnostic procedures. Data gathering, machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, diagnostic systems, drug development, robots, wearable technology, ethics, trends, and future prospects are all explored in this study that explores AI's role in healthcare. It examines algorithmic developments, ethical issues, and data concerns. Emerging themes like personalised medicine and its regulatory ramifications are addressed in the paper. Promises made, issues including regulatory flaws, adoption reluctance, and interoperability still exist. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence's revolutionary potential in healthcare, assisting scholars, practitioners, and legislators in making well-informed decisions and spurring innovation.
Future Trends in Healthcare Through Artifical Intellegence
Authors: Archana Kande , Prasad V. Kamakshi
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enabling personalized medicine, predictive analytics, automation, and telemedicine. AI algorithms analyze patient data to tailor treatments, predict diseases, automate administrative tasks, and facilitate remote consultations. These advancements improve patient outcomes, enhance operational efficiency, and increase access to healthcare services. However, challenges such as data privacy and algorithm bias must be addressed to ensure ethical and equitable AI deployment in healthcare. Overall, AI-driven innovations hold immense promise for revolutionizing the future of healthcare delivery.
A Framework for Implementing Blockchain in Organic Food Certification
Authors: Rao Nishanth D. , Ravipati Deepthi , Krishnan Sornalakshmi
Published: December 2024

Organic certification is a rigorous process that verifies and guarantees that agricultural products comply with established organic standards in many countries. It involves thorough inspections of farming practices, emphasizing sustainability, environmental responsibility, and the absence of synthetic chemicals. This study emphasizes the transformative potential of blockchain technology in redefining the organic certification process. By integrating blockchain, the research aims to streamline processes, ensure transparency, and fortify the reliability of organic certification data, contributing to a more robust and trustworthy certification framework. The proposed system employs smart contracts to automate key certification stages. IPFS (Interplanetary File System) is utilized for secure storage and retrieval of supporting documentation, enhancing the credibility and openness of the organic certification process. The proposed system for organic certification process aims to achieve higher consumer trust and a sustainable foundation for organic agriculture in India.
Digital Communication in Human Capital Formation
Authors: Trejo José Enrique
Published: December 2024

This chapter has generated a series of compilations of ideas related to digital communication and the formation of human capital in contemporary societies, including the new challenges faced by the individual with the emergence of Artificial Intelligence applied in society and the impact that concerns the classification of truthful information in professionalization. Not making a criticism, but presenting a series of concepts to motivate the reader to generate their own criteria towards the new innovation trends of 2030. The importance of education facing the responsibility of granting the transmission of quality knowledge and accompanied by moral-ethical practices, are a series of topics that the global contexts take up in order to meet the new needs, which have growth initiative in the training of specialists and individuals who select the staff that will open solid paths in the collaborative work at the institutional level, giving an opportunity to new generations of graduates to take advantage and apply the knowledge.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Combat Human Trafficking
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Shruti  , Dar Amir Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Human trafficking, a heinous crime exploiting individuals for forced labor, sexual servitude, or organ harvesting, plagues millions globally. Eradicating this global scourge demands a multifaceted approach. Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a powerful weapon in this fight. This paper explores how AI can be leveraged to identify victims, disrupt trafficking networks, and aid in investigations. We delve into applications of AI in data analysis, victim identification, financial tracking, communication support, and explore its potential for proactive intervention. The paper acknowledges the ethical considerations surrounding AI use and emphasizes the need for human oversight and collaboration.
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations in AI Adoption Within Legal Systems
Authors: More Madhavi , Shah Samrudhee , Shelke Atmaram , Behare Nitesh
Published: December 2024

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to reshape the legal landscape, it is essential to address the accompanying ethical and regulatory considerations. This chapter investigates these critical dimensions, focusing on the ethical concerns of bias, transparency, accountability, and privacy within AI adoption in legal systems. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current regulatory landscape, including existing laws, guidelines, and international standards, and examines the challenges and opportunities in crafting effective regulatory frameworks. The chapter emphasizes the necessity of balancing innovation with ethical and social responsibility to ensure public trust and confidence in AI applications. It concludes with best practices and recommendations for legal professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, aiming to foster responsible AI adoption in legal systems. Through this exploration, the chapter contributes to the ongoing discourse on the integration of AI in law, offering insights and guidelines to navigate the complex ethical and regulatory terrain.
Spatially Variable Genes
Authors: Biradar Shantagoud , Suresh Chaaya , Nanjundeshwara Nagashri , Raghavan Ramya
Published: December 2024

The clinical translation of spatial transcriptomics represents cancer diagnosis and therapy based on the role and heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent developments in spatial transcriptomics have enabled a detailed characterization of the spatial organization and cellular interactions within tumors. The data integration, multi-omics approaches, along with developing standardized protocols is essential for effective clinical translation. The experimental selection regimes and factorial designs reveals novel insights into the biomarkers and prognostic value of CAFs. The incorporation of optogenetics in cancer therapy and advancements in bio-engineered gene circuits, cellular therapeutics and tissue engineering further underscores the potential to refine patient stratification and improve treatment responsiveness. By integrating spatial transcriptomics into clinical workflows, this work aims to advance personalized cancer therapies and cancer biology.
Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Ogidi Odangowei Inetiminebi , Barwant Mukul Machhindra , Okara Ebifanimi
Published: December 2024

The utilisation of biomarkers as early warning indicators in assessing illness risk has significantly risen during the past decade. Biomarkers serve as indications of standard biological processes, disease mechanisms, or pharmacological responses to treatment. The utilisation and recognition of biomarkers in medicine and clinical practice significantly influence society. Consequently, its imperative to identify specific biomarkers by noninvasive method. One method involves a proteome or glycoproteomic analysis that primarily identifies proteins/glycoproteins in tissues and serum. Numerous FDA-approved proteins utilised as cancer biomarkers exhibit suboptimal sensitivities for accurate disease identification. The expression of phosphoproteins correlates with a distinct stage of a given disease, exhibiting excellent sensitivity and specificity. This chapter provides an introduction of biomarkers, reviews their sources, explores the protein phosphorylation workflow in biomarker development, analyses omics technologies in biomarker discovery, and examines future prospects in this field.
Breast Cancer Stem Cells Targeted Strategies
Authors: Swathi N. L. , Basavan Ishwar , Odoh Evaristus Chinonso , Eze Shadrach Chinecherem , Swaraj Jawahar Chowdary Sushma , Sharma Nandini
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), highlighting their flexibility and the epigenetic mechanisms that govern them. It examines molecular profiling techniques, the role of non-coding RNAs in maintaining stemness, and advanced therapies like CRISPR-Cas9, CAR-T cells, and nanomedicine. The chapter also addresses the tumour microenvironment's influence, synergistic treatments, and challenges in biomarker validation and clinical translation. Ethical issues related to genetic modification, informed consent, and patient autonomy in stem cell therapy are also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of BCSC research.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Prabakaran M. , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: December 2024

The concept of ADCs emerged from the convergence of advancements in monoclonal antibody technology and drug delivery systems in the late 20th century. Early attempts to conjugate antibodies with cytotoxic drugs faced challenges related to stability, linker chemistry, and immunogenicity. At the heart of an ADC is the monoclonal antibody, which serves as the targeting moiety. These antibodies are designed to recognize and bind to specific antigens overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or cell surface receptors. The choice of antibody is critical, as it determines the specificity and affinity for the target antigen, influencing both the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of the ADC. The linkage between the antibody and the payload, known as the linker, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the conjugate in circulation, facilitating selective release of the payload within the tumor microenvironment, and minimizing premature drug release in healthy tissues.
All’incrocio tra l’intimo delle storie di ciascuno e i luoghi pubblici che abitiamo. Un dialogo con Benedetto Saraceno
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Mozzani Mauro
Published: December 2024

La conversazione, che viene qui riportata assai fedelmente, è avvenuta il 13 maggio 2024 in forma mista (online e in presenza) come evento organizzato dall’Associazione ‘Progetto Sum ETS’ e dall’Associazione ‘Progetto Itaca Parma ODV’ e viene pubblicata su Ricerca Psicoanalitica con il consenso dei partecipanti, che ringraziamo, e del dott. Saraceno che anche in questo ha mostrato la sua disponibilità e generosità.
Associations between Tumour Characteristics and Ophthalmic Symptoms in Saudi Arabian Patients with Intracranial Tumours: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alharbi Meshari Ayed , Albahrani Zahra Saleem , AlQarni Ghaida Ali , Alonazi Raghad Harran , Aljumaiah Rawabi Abdulraoof , Shuiel Hadeel Khalid Bin , Alawad Fatema Hani , Almalki Sami Fadhel
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Intracranial tumours, abnormal growths within the brain or adjacent structures, exert a substantial influence on various bodily functions, including ophthalmic manifestations. This study seeks to assess the impact of intracranial tumours on ophthalmic manifestations within the Eastern Province population, thereby positioning our research within the broader context of intracranial tumours and their associated clinical implications.

Methods:

This research adopted an observational cross-sectional approach, and targeted patients were diagnosed with intracranial tumours residing in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive survey was distributed through multiple channels, encompassing both hospital and clinic settings, as well as online platforms, to maximise participant engagement.

Results:

Among the 811 patients diagnosed with intracranial tumours who completed the survey, a substantial proportion (76.8%) reported experiencing ophthalmic manifestations following their diagnosis. Predominant manifestations included eye pain (29.7%), blurred vision (15.7%) and double vision (16.4%). Tumour size was a key determinant of symptom severity, with participants harbouring larger tumours reporting notably higher mean severity scores (4.71 ± 0.905) in comparison to medium-sized (4.02 ± 1.016) and small tumours (2.51 ± 1.24). The frontal lobe emerged as the most common tumour location (44.4%), followed by the temporal lobe (28.6%).

Conclusion:

Our findings underscore the critical influence of tumour size and location on the nature and severity of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with intracranial tumours. Specifically, larger tumours and those located in the frontal lobe are associated with more pronounced ophthalmic symptoms. These insights emphasise the necessity for individualised management approaches to address ophthalmic complications in individuals with intracranial tumours, with due consideration to both tumour size and location.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and its Effects on Post-operative Recovery in Bariatric Surgery Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Polysomnography-enhanced Study
Authors: Alshamoosi Mohammed Salman , Aljohani Raniya , Alsaedi Nouf , Almutairi Aljuri , Alamoudi Shefa Abdullah , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Obesity, a growing public health issue, is closely linked to various co-morbid conditions, notably obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA, characterised by repeated airway obstructions during sleep, significantly impacts quality of life and poses serious health risks. This issue is particularly acute among bariatric surgery candidates, where OSA prevalence is high. Bariatric surgery, an effective treatment for morbid obesity, has shown improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities, including OSA. This study aims to explore the relationship between obesity, OSA and bariatric surgery, addressing a critical gap in medical understanding and advancing knowledge in patient care for this challenging condition.

Methods:

The study employed a cohort design to investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on OSA severity and symptoms in obese patients, focusing on identifying factors that influence the persistence or resolution of OSA post-surgery. It involved evaluating the impact of bariatric surgery on OSA severity through standardised sleep study parameters and clinical outcomes, identifying pre-operative factors predictive of OSA outcomes and assessing the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on OSA and related co-morbidities over a 12-month follow-up period.

Results:

The study found significant associations between bariatric surgery and improvements in OSA severity. However, the persistence of moderate-to-severe OSA postoperatively in some patients highlighted a complex interplay between obesity, bariatric surgery and OSA. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of this relationship and aid in developing more effective treatment plans and post-operative management strategies for patients with OSA undergoing bariatric surgery.

Conclusion:

This research fills a vital gap in the understanding of the interplay between obesity, OSA and the effects of bariatric surgery. Its findings are crucial for clinical practice, leading to improved screening, management and treatment strategies for OSA in the context of bariatric surgery. The study not only advances scientific knowledge but also holds the promise of enhancing patient care and outcomes in a population where OSA is prevalent and challenging.
Assessing Patient Preferences and Decision-making Factors in Elective Neurosurgical Procedures: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam M. , Alshuqayfi Khalid M. , Alshehri Shahad , Almajnooni Maqbel , Mohammed Almorgl Z. , Aljohani Raghad A. , Aljabr Abdulmajeed A. , Almalki Sami F. , Aldanyowi Saud N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Neurosurgery, which requires a substantial amount of education and encompasses a broad spectrum of forms and competencies, helps treat various illnesses, including spinal disorders and tumours. Due to technology and inherent risk factors, which are inherent in the speciality, patients remain hospitalised for long periods and comprehensive education. Understanding that due to the often high risk entailed in a neurosurgical procedure, the process of decision-making is most often very difficult. The objectives of the present research are to assess patients’ attitudes and estimable criteria for elective neurosurgical procedures as a field essential for enhancing patient satisfaction and general care.

Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire was designed incorporating questions in a broad range of formats that could be completed by patients who had undergone elective neurosurgical operations. Examples of the factors of choices include costs, expectations after surgery, as well as expectations during the hospital stay. As such, this approach enables the study to establish the multiple factors that may help explain patient satisfaction and decision-making with elective neurosurgery.

Results:

Nineteen (19%) patients were from Level 1, 395 (40%) from Level 2 and 406 (41%) from Level 3; 1757 neurosurgical patients completed the questionnaire. In general, the patients’ satisfaction rate with their experience during elective neurosurgical procedures was mostly categorised as “neutral” (n = 666). The 371 patients indicated that they were not well informed about the risks and benefits of elective neurosurgical procedures and on the other hand, 1386 patients responded that they were informed well about the risks and benefits. Elective neurosurgical preferences and decision-making were significantly influenced by gender (P < 0.001), employment status (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and geographic location (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The present study contributes to the existing knowledge of patient decision-making in elective neurosurgical interventions. It is important to note these because they are driving forces that help healthcare practitioners modify or orient their various approaches in a bid to increase patient satisfaction and improve the quality of care. From the study, it is concluded that there is a potential for improving neurosurgical practice to better address patient preferences and expectations for their.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effects of Endovascular and Open Repair Techniques on Renal Outcomes
Authors: Alghareeb Rahaf , Alhejaili Janna , Almutleeg Zainab , Aljaziri Ahmad , Alotaibi Bader Abdullah , Aldomyati Suad , Alqahtany Leen , Al-Qurashi Renad , Hakme Elie , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Background:

The comparison between endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open repair techniques in addressing mortality rates for renal dysfunction is pivotal in clinical decision-making.

Objective:

Our meta-analysis synthesised data from multiple studies to assess the relative risk (RR) of mortality associated with each technique.

Materials and Methods:

The calculated RR for EVAR compared to open repair was 0.1916, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.0342 to 1.0743. Although the P = 0.0603 suggested a trend towards significance, it did not reach conventional levels. Heterogeneity analysis revealed minimal variability across studies, with τ2, I
2 and H statistics indicating no observed heterogeneity.

Results:

For open repair, both common effect and random effects models yielded a proportion of events of 0.0368 (or 3.68%), with a 95% CI from 0.0221 to 0.0607. No significant heterogeneity was detected among studies, with consistent findings across different statistical approaches. In contrast, the effect of EVAR on mortality demonstrated a proportion of events of 0.0080 (or 0.8%), with a 95% CI from 0.0020–0.0314. Heterogeneity analysis indicated negligible variability among studies, reinforcing the reliability of our findings.

Conclusions:

Overall, our meta-analysis underscores the importance of assessing mortality outcomes in renal artery aneurysms and comparing the efficacy of EVAR versus open repair techniques. While our results suggest a potential benefit associated with EVAR, further research, particularly randomised controlled trials, is warranted to provide more definitive evidence. In addition, efforts to standardise reporting and address potential biases in future studies will enhance the reliability and generalisability of findings in this critical area of vascular medicine.
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Life after Laser-assisted in situ Keratomileusis Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alzimami Lama Zaid , Alsayer Norah , Alharbi Amal , Alghamdi Kholoud , Alghamdi Hani , Akeely Omar , Almutairi Mohammed , Alatawi Abrar , Alsulami Rola , Alessa Mohammed Yousef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery corrects refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, leading to improvement in visual clarity. Beyond the restoration of visual acuity, LASIK surgery aims to improve patient’s QoL by enhancing their overall satisfaction with vision correction. This meta-analysis aims to assess patient satisfaction and QoL after LASIK.

Methods:

The literature search was conducted to include LASIK surgery. Using Review Manager version 5.4 software, we conducted the meta-analysis of the included studies by pooling the mean difference of the continuous variables, the number and a total of dichotomous variables. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to detect the source of heterogeneity.

Results:

The overall satisfaction rate using non-validated questionnaires was 93.86%, whereas the overall dissatisfaction rate was 6.14%. The overall satisfaction rate for articles using validated questionnaires was 52.03% and the overall dissatisfaction rate was 2.6%. The improvement rate in the quality of vision was 92.6%. The glare and clarity of vision were non-significant between LASIK groups and the control group SMD of − 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.79–0.27, P = 0.33) and SMD of − 0.35 (95% CI: −0.75–−0.04, P = 0.08), respectively. In hyperopic patients, the overall improvement of the quality of vision was 96% and in the myopic patients was 92.6%.

Conclusion:

These findings underscore the significant positive impact of LASIK surgery on patient satisfaction and QoL, particularly in myopic patients, with improvements observed over time and variations based on assessment methods.
Influence of Early Childhood Education Programmes on Child Development Metrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Almalki Shahad Nawaf , Alhujaili Rafa Mohammed , Althubyani Shatha Ali , Alahmadi Weam Talal , Mustafa Sara Adel , Asiri Abdulrahman Abdullah , Alahmadi Raneem Obaidallah , Felemban Mayar Saud , Alsogaihi Jood Mohammad , Alshehri Sarah Ali , Alawad Fatema , Alkhars Ola Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Early childhood experiences have a significant influence on children’s cognitive, social, emotional and physical development, making them crucial for their overall development. It has been suggested that early childhood education (ECE) is an essential intervention to improve certain developmental parameters. Although research on the advantages of ECE on social and cognitive domains is already available, more research is needed to determine how ECE affects certain developmental outcomes such as motor function, linguistic ability, emotional reactivity, cognitive function and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the impact of ECE on various child development outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed an exhaustive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effectiveness of ECE on child development outcomes. Six RCTs were ultimately included in our analysis. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted meticulously, with the ROB2 tool utilised to ascertain the risk of bias in the studies.

Results:

Our meta-analysis integrated data from 1595 participants across the included studies. The results revealed a significant improvement in motor function, with a pooled mean difference (MD) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–2.65, P = 0.01), and language ability, with a pooled MD of 1.27 (95% CI: 0.03–2.52, P = 0.04). Emotional reactivity also showed significant enhancement, with a pooled MD of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.06–0.32, P = 0.004). Cognitive function improvements were significant, with a pooled MD of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.0–4.16, P = 0.001). However, changes in BMI Z-scores were not statistically significant, with a pooled MD of − 0.01 (95% CI: −0.19–0.17, P = 0.91).

Conclusion:

The systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that ECE significantly benefits motor function, language ability, emotional reactivity and cognitive function in children, with no discernible impact on BMI Z-scores. These findings confirm the value of ECE in supporting early developmental milestones, underscoring the need for integrating high-quality ECE programmes into early childhood policy and practice.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of cutaneous warts
Authors: Bosamiya Sanjay Sureshchandra , Bansi Virani , Pooja Patel
Published: December 2024

Context:

Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus are benign proliferative lesions that occur at any age in human lives. Many modalities of therapy have been used with variable success, but possess therapeutic challenges.

Aims:

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-dose oral isotretinoin in the treatment of cutaneous warts.

Settings and Design:

The study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Surat, Gujarat, India, from July 2021 to October 2022; with a single group cohort.

Materials and Methods:

After obtaining clearance and approval from the institutional ethics committee, 63 were enrolled in the study and treated with 0.5 mg/kg of oral isotretinoin as monotherapy for a maximum period of 3 months and if the lesions were resolved before 3 months we stopped oral isotretinoin. Patients were assessed every 30 days for a reduction in, the number of warts, and also for adverse effects of oral isotretinoin.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using the STATA version 14.2.

Results:

Out of a total of 63 patients, 11 (17.46%) were female, and 52 (82.54%) were male. By the end of 3 months, 29 (46.03%) patients had 100% improvement, 17 (26.98%) patients had a good response, 9 (14.29%) patients had a partial response, and 8 (12.70%) patients had no response at all. The most common side effect observed was xerosis followed by cheilitis and dryness of mouth.

Conclusions:

Oral isotretinoin is one of the effective therapeutic modalities in cutaneous warts, especially in multiple warts and certain anatomical sites, where difficult to excise surgically.
Short-Term Outcome Comparison of Arthroscopic Chondroplasty and Microfracture for Treatment of Small and Medium-Sized Osteochondral Defects of the Ankle
Authors: Yuro Matthew , Acevedo Jorge , Harris Thomas , Carreira Dominic S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

To compare short-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with small and medium-sized osteochondral ankle defects who were treated with chondroplasty and microfracture.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective multicentre ankle and foot arthroscopy registry was queried for patients from December 2017 to December 2022 who were diagnosed with a small or medium-sized osteochondral ankle defect and treated with an arthroscopic chondroplasty or microfracture. Demographic and intraoperative variables were collected. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sports Subscale (FAAM-S), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), VR-12 Mental, VR-12 Physical and Foot Function Index (FFI) PROMs were completed by patients preoperatively and at a minimum of one year postoperatively. Data were compared between patients who were treated with chondroplasty and those treated with microfracture. The differences in continuous variables were assessed via paired-sample t-tests. χ
2 analysis was performed on all categorical variables.

Results:

Thirteen patients were treated with chondroplasty, and 22 patients were treated with microfracture. There were no demographic differences between groups (P = 0.30, P = 0.68, P = 0.18). Microfracture patients had significantly deeper chondral defects than chondroplasty patients (P = 0.002), and their lesions had significantly higher International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades (P = 0.003). There were no differences in length, width or location of defect between groups (P = 0.50, P = 0.73, P = 0.12). Both cohorts saw significant improvement in FAAM-S, VAS, VR-12 Physical and FFI PROMs at a minimum of one year postoperatively (P = 0.00004, P = 0.008, P = 0.010, P = 0.0007; P < 0.00001, P = 0.0001, P = 0.00007, P = 0.0001). There were no differences in any PROM score between groups preoperatively or postoperatively (P = 0.93, P = 0.96, P = 0.57, P = 0.61, P = 0.12; P = 0.79, P = 0.52, P = 0.26, P = 0.46, P = 0.83).

Conclusion:

There were no significant outcome differences in patients treated with chondroplasty and microfracture for small to medium-sized chondral ankle defects. Patients in both groups saw significant improvements in PROMs at a minimum of one year postoperatively. In small and medium-sized chondral lesions, microfracture may be recommended over chondroplasty for lesions with greater depth or ICRS grade. Level of Evidence: III, retrospective cohort study.
Subtrochanteric Femoral Derotation Osteotomy for Correcting Idiopathic Excessive Femoral Anteversion with Intoeing Gait: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Aniruddha , Kumar Sanjay , Chandra Mainak , Barman Saptarshi
Published: December 2024

Intoeing gait is a prevalent pediatric condition characterized by an inward rotation of the feet during ambulation. Primary causes include metatarsus adductus, internal tibial torsion and increased femoral anteversion. Hereby, we describe a case of subtrochanteric femoral derotation osteotomy in idiopathic excessive femoral anteversion. We present a case of 10-year-old child who had a complaint of hip pain. The main concerns of his parents were inward rotation of foot and frequent falls while walking. Upon clinical examination, he had negative foot progression angle with intoeing gait, decreased external rotation, and increased internal rotation of hip: Craigs test demonstrated increased femoral anteversion. On radiographs, no hip pathology was found. Upon CT scan, femoral anteversion of right side was found 40° and 42° on the left side. He was prescribed vigorous physiotherapy and gait training. But even after 6 months, his symptoms failed to improve. He was then considered for proximal femoral derotation osteotomy. Post-operatively, his intoeing got corrected with improvement of external rotation and foot progression angle. At 1 year follow-up, his hip pain and frequent falls stand corrected. Excessive femoral anteversion is a frequent cause of intoeing gait in children and can also present with unexplained hip, thigh and knee pain. Subtrochanteric femoral derotational corrective osteotomy can certainly be a procedure of choice in carefully selected cases, and it also comes with a very favorable outcome.
Low-fat versus Low-carbohydrate Diet
Authors: Alsharif Dalal J.
Published: December 2024

The global obesity rate has risen significantly, prompting research into the optimal dietary strategies for weight loss, particularly in relation to macronutrient composition. Despite numerous studies, the most effective macronutrient balance for weight reduction remains under debate. The objective of this article is to compare the impacts of a low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on weight loss and cardiovascular health. A comprehensive literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies included randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to provide a broad analysis of the evidence on a low-carbohydrate versus a low-fat diet. Short-term weight loss was significantly higher with a low-carbohydrate diet compared to an unrestricted low-fat diet. However, when matched for calorie intake, no significant difference in weight was observed between the two diets, suggesting that total calorie intake may be more influential than macronutrient composition. Notably, a low-carbohydrate diet induced a greater decrease in triglyceride levels and an increase in both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to a low-fat diet.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Brandt-Daroff Exercises in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bagri Meenakshi , Joshi Shabnam
Published: December 2024

Background:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequent cause of peripheral vertigo that constitutes more than half of all occurrences of vestibular disorders.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) along with vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) on dizziness, anxiety, and various cardiovascular parameters.

Methods:

The present study will be a parallel-group single-blinded randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation. The participants will be randomized into three groups: Group A (VRT group), Group B (tDCS group), and Group C (tDCS + VRT group). The outcome variables will be the Dizziness Handicap Inventory Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale, and cardiovascular parameters. The outcome variables will be assessed at the baseline, at week 4, and a follow-up at week 6.

Results:

The result will be presented in the form of mean, standard deviation, median, and P value.

Conclusions:

The application of cerebellar tDCS along with Brandt-Daroff exercises can be seen as a potent approach to improve the symptoms of BPPV.
Ocular Morbidity among Orphans and Vulnerable Children Living in Shelters in Ibadan Metropolis
Authors: Ajetunmobi Bosede Sabaina , Ugalahi Mary Ogbenyi , Uchendu Obioma Chukwudi , Baiyeroju Aderonke Mojisola
Published: December 2024

Background: Globally, orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) represent a significant population at risk of poor health as well as a high risk of developing ocular disorders. These ocular disorders could lead to childhood visual impairment or blindness if left undetected or untreated. This study therefore focuses on ocular morbidity among OVC living in shelter facilities to provide relevant data for planning eye care interventions. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among OVC ages 5–16 years living within shelter facilities in Ibadan, Oyo State. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained. Ocular examinations, including visual acuity measurements, colour vision test, Hirschberg test, anterior and posterior segments assessment, and cycloplegic refraction were conducted. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. All analyses were at 5% level of statistical significance. Results: A total of 497 eligible OVC participated in the study. The mean age was 11 ± 3.4 years, and 263 (52.9%) were males. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 18.1%. The most common types of ocular morbidity were refractive errors 47 (9.5%) and allergic conjunctivitis 18 (3.6%), with more females affected by both conditions, 28 (59%) and 11 (61%), respectively. Ocular morbidity was most common (28.3%) among the 14–16 years age group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Refractive errors and allergic conjunctivitis, which are treatable ocular conditions, were the most common ocular morbidities among these children. Regular eye screening as well as the provision of quality and affordable eye care services is advocated for this vulnerable population of children.
Accidental eye injury in an 11-year-old girl caused by melting plastic: A case report
Authors: Adebayo M , Taiwo EO , Adejumo OO , Ubah JN
Published: December 2024

Ocular trauma in children could be devastating, with unpleasant consequences such as lifelong visual disability. It is a matter of great concern. This is a case report of accidental trauma to the eye of a young girl sustained while playing unsupervised with her siblings. The patient presented with swollen right eyelids with second-degree burns, and the lashes were matted together by plastic material. A pair of scissors was carefully used to cut the lashes and separate the eyelids. She was successfully managed with 5% povidone-iodine, chloramphenicol eye ointment, 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 1% tropicamide, and nepafenac eye drops. Unsupervised play in children, especially with dangerous materials, can result in unpleasant consequences. Education of parents, guardians, and teachers is strongly advocated.
Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection
Authors: Agadagba Stephen K. , Yau Suk-yu , Liang Ying , Dalton Kristine , Thompson Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases, including ocular disorders. Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina. Therefore, the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection. Finally, we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health.
Topical 2% Mupirocin Versus 2% Fusidic Acid Versus 1% Nadifloxacin Cream in the Treatment of Superficial Bacterial Infections of the Skin
Authors: Vasani Resham J , Medhekar Sudhir V
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Topical mupirocin, fusidic acid, and nadifloxacin are used in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of these three topical antibiotics in the treatment of superficial bacterial infection of the skin.

Aims:

To compare the efficacy and safety profile of 2% mupirocin versus 2% fusidic acid versus 1% nadifloxacin cream in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized study in treatment-naive cases of uncomplicated bacterial skin infections attending the out-patient Department of Dermatology was done. A total of 90 patients of bacterial infections of the skin were included, which were randomly allocated to three different study groups. After diagnosis was confirmed clinically, grading of the lesions was done with regard to parameters such as erythema, edema, vesiculation, pustulation, crusting, and scaling. Score was applied to each parameter as 0-absent, 1-mild, 2-moderate, and 3-severe. Gram staining was performed. The lesions were graded on subsequent visits on day 4, day 18, and day 14. The results were subjected to analysis of variance test, followed by the Dunnett's test.

Results:

Fusidic acid cream showed faster reduction of the scores at the end of the first visit. The differences noted in the efficacy of the three drugs were not statistically significant. No significant side effects were observed.

Conclusion:

This study documents the equality in the comparative safety and efficacy of mupirocin, fusidic acid, and nadifloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated superficial bacterial infections at our center.
En Coup De Sabre Treated with Platelet-rich Plasma
Authors: Belgaumkar Vasudha Abhijeet , Deshmukh Nitika S , Doshi Bhavana Ravindra , Mhaske Chandrakant B
Published: December 2024

Contour defects such as linear morphea are difficult to treat and can be a cause for great cosmetic and sociopsychological morbidity. The pivotal discovery of platelet-derived growth factors in promoting wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling has paved the way for various uses of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We report a novel indication for this promising therapeutic modality with satisfactory results. A 24-year-old female presented with nonprogressive linear hyperpigmented atrophic lesion over the left supraorbital region and scalp of 15 years duration was diagnosed as linear morphea. She had taken immunosuppressants over the last 3 years with minimal improvement. PRP was obtained with a platelet count up to 2.5 times the baseline count. Calcium chloride (1:9) was added as an activator. About 3 ml of PRP was injected into the linear contour defect every week for a total duration of 12 weeks. The results were corroborated quantitatively by a repeat high frequency focal ultrasound which showed focal minimal irregularity over frontoparietal region of scalp corresponding to bony lesion measuring 0.5 cm × 1.8 cm (original defect of 1.4 cm × 1.8 cm). A remarkable reduction in hyperpigmentation of overlying skin was noted which further enhanced the cosmetic outcome. The effect was sustained until the end of follow-up period of 6 months after the last PRP sitting. No secondary changes or side effects were noted during the entire course of treatment. PRP therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of linear morphea over face and scalp as demonstrated in this case.