bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient and product factors affecting platelet transfusion results
Authors: Heim Dominik , Passweg Jakob , Gregor Michael , Buser Andreas , Theocharides Alexander , Arber Caroline , Meyer‐Monard Sandrine , Halter Jörg , Tichelli Andre , Gratwohl Alois
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Providing patients with platelet (PLT) transfusions requires important logistic resources and represents a considerable cost factor. Optimizing PLT transfusions is in the interest of not only patient safety but also economic importance. Only few studies have evaluated factors associated with transfusion results.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective single‐center study, 9923 mainly prophylactic PLT transfusions given to 672 patients treated for hematologic malignancies between 1997 and 2004 were investigated. Patient and product factors were analyzed. Transfusion efficacy was measured by the corrected count increment (CCI), and side effects were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean CCI of all transfusions was 14.05 (standard deviation, 9.5). The CCI correlates with the transfusion interval. PLT transfusions that resulted in a transfusion interval of 1 day or less had significantly lower CCI of 11.3 than transfusions that resulted in a transfusion interval of 2 days or more (15.57). Allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients had a significantly lower transfusion efficacy (CCI mean, 13.3) whereas patients treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) had better CCIs (17.2) compared to patients who were treated with chemotherapy only. Longer PLT storage time and ABO mismatch had a negative impact on transfusion efficacy. PLTs stored in PLT additive storage solution were less effective than PLTs stored in their own autologous plasma.

CONCLUSION: Manipulation of PLT products may result in lower transfusion efficacy as illustrated by the introduction of PLT additive storage solution in this report. The higher number of products used per patient may negatively impact on advantages gained by the transfusion of “safer” PLT products.
Growth of Dense Single Crystals of Potassium Sodium Niobate by a Combination of Solid‐State Crystal Growth and Hot Pressing
Authors: Fisher John G. , Benc̆an Andreja , Kosec Marija , Vernay Sophie , Rytz Daniel
Published: March 2008

(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3(KNN) is a potential lead‐free replacement for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT) piezoceramics, but its piezoelectric properties are inferior to those of PZT. By growing single crystals of KNN, it may be possible to improve the piezoelectric properties. Recently, single crystals of KNN were grown by the solid‐state crystal growth (SSCG) method, but the crystals were very porous. In this paper, a method of growing dense single crystals by SSCG in a hot press will be described. (110)‐oriented single seed crystals of KTaO3were buried in KNN powder, with 0.5 mol% of K4CuNb8O23added as a sintering aid. After consolidation by uniaxial and isostatic pressing, the tablets were hot pressed in a two‐stage treatment. During hot pressing, dense single crystals of KNN grew using the KTaO3seed crystal as a template. The effect of hot pressing on single crystal growth will be discussed.
Genetic markers of tumour necrosis factor α in aggressive and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Schulz Susanne , Machulla Helmut K. G. , Altermann Wolfgang , Klapproth Jana , Zimmermann Uta , Gläser Christiane , Kluttig Alexander , Stein Jamal , Schaller Hans‐Günter , Reichert Stefan
Published: March 2008

Aim: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. TNFα production is influenced by gene polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate links between genetic variants and chronic/aggressive periodontitis in a multivariate model.

Subjects:
One hundred and twenty‐three periodontitis patients (chronic: n=54, aggressive: n=69) and 52 healthy controls without periodontitis were included in the study.

Material and Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) c.−308G>A, c.−238G>A and haplotypes were analysed by a polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP). The clinical investigation included smoking status, plaque and bleeding indexes, pocket depth and attachment loss.

Results: Prevotella intermedia occurred more frequently in individuals positive for the −308GG/−238GG haplotype combination (Odds Ratio=2, 95% Confidence interval: 1.1–3.7, p=0.037, 1−β=61%). In binary logistic regression analyses, this TNFα haplotype could not be shown to be associated with periodontitis considering smoking, age, gender and approximal plaque index or subgingival bacterial colonization as confounding factors.

Conclusions: Although the genetic background of TNFα could be shown to be associated with subgingival colonization with P. Intermedia, there is no evidence that it is an independent risk factor for periodontitis in multivariate models.
Fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser for caries removal in permanent teeth: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dommisch Henrik , Peus Katja , Kneist Susanne , Krause Felix , Braun Andreas , Hedderich Jürgen , Jepsen Søren , Eberhard Jörg
Published: March 2008

The aim of this randomized clinical study was to compare the efficacy of a fluorescence‐controlled erbium‐loaded yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser with conventional bur treatment for caries therapy in adults. Twenty‐six patients with 102 carious lesions were treated using either the Er:YAG laser, at threshold levels of 7, 8, 9, and 10 [U], or rotary burs. Both techniques were applied to each lesion at separate locations. After treatment, dentine samples were obtained using a carbide bur. The viable counts of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) [expressed as colony‐forming units (log10 CFUs)], treatment time, pain, vibration, and sound intensity were determined. The median numbers of CFUs for SM and LB were not statistically different between laser and bur treatment at threshold levels 7 and 8 [U]. At threshold levels 9 and 10 [U], the median number of CFUs for LB [1.11 (range: 0.00–2.04)] were significantly higher following laser treatment than following bur treatment [0.30 (range: 0.00–0.60)]. The results indicate that treatment with a fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser at threshold levels of 7 and 8 removed caries to a level similar to that achieved using conventional bur treatment, with clinically irrelevant amounts of remaining bacteria. Although more time consuming, laser treatment provided higher patient comfort than bur treatment.
On the severity of impacts captured by the dimensions of the Oral Health Impact Profile
Authors: Kieffer Jacobien Marije , Hoogstraten Johan
Published: March 2008

The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), containing seven dimensions, is based on a hierarchical model. Therefore, one could argue that events described by dimensions higher in the hierarchy are judged as having a more severe impact on quality of life than events described by dimensions lower in the hierarchy. The aim of this study was to test this assumption and to assess the relative severity of impact on daily life with which each dimension is judged relative to all other dimensions. The subjects were psychology freshmen. Subjects’ judgments were assessed using the method of direct ranking and the method of paired comparison. The results showed differences between dimensions, with Handicap and Psychological disability being regarded as having the most severe impact on daily life. The results demonstrated the tenability of Locker’s hierarchical model as the foundation of the OHIP, in that subjects rank the dimensions in a similar order of severity as intended by this model. It is suggested that the difference of the severity of impact should be compensated for, either by including subscale weights or by increasing the number of items of subscales where the impact on Quality of Life (QoL) is judged as being more severe.
Modelling lifelong costs of caries with and without fluoride use
Authors: Splieth Christian H. , Fleßa Steffen
Published: March 2008

Cost–benefit or cost–cost analyses are becoming increasingly important in dentistry. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic consequences of caries prevention with fluorides. German epidemiological data were used in a system dynamics model to assess the lifelong costs of caries in a population. Without fluoride prevention, lifelong treatment for caries resulted in mean costs of €6,976 and a present value of €932 per person (5% discounting). In different scenarios of constant, increasing, or decreasing caries‐controlling effects, and of limited (age 6–18 yr) or lifelong application, the combination of fluoride salt, fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride gel were most cost‐effective. They reduced the costs for caries treatment and prophylaxis to €482, or to a present value of €148 (5% discounting), when applied from age 6–18 yr, and to €211–213 for lifelong use (present value, 5% discounting). In conclusion, a lifelong model of costs of caries demonstrates that the use of fluorides in caries prevention is highly cost‐effective.
Antioxidative effects of melatonin administration in elderly primary essential hypertension patients
Authors: Kędziora‐Kornatowska Kornelia , Szewczyk‐Golec Karolina , Czuczejko Jolanta , Pawluk Hanna , Van Marke de Lumen Katarzyna , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Bartosz Grzegorz , Kędziora Józef
Published: March 2008

Abstract:  The imbalance of the redox state of the aging organism may be involved in the development of primary essential hypertension. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant agent, was found to exert a hypotensive effect and improve the function of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress parameters in elderly primary essential hypertensive (EH) patients, controlled by a diuretic (indapamide) monotherapy. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in erythrocytes, the plasma level of nitrate/nitrite, the content of carbonyl groups of plasma proteins and morning melatonin levels in the serum of 17 elderly EH patients were determined at the baseline and after the 15th and 30th days of melatonin supplementation (5 mg daily). Melatonin administration resulted in a significant increase in the morning melatonin concentration, SOD‐1 and CAT activities, and a reduction in the MDA level. Statistically significant alterations in the levels of GSH, nitrate/nitrite and carbonyl groups and the activity of GSH‐Px were not observed. These results indicate an improvement in the antioxidative defense of the organism by melatonin supplementation in the examined group and may suggest melatonin supplementation as an additional treatment supporting hypotensive therapy in elderly EH patients.
Use of high‐frequency ultrasound in the assessment of injectable dermal fillers
Authors: Young S. R. , Bolton P. A. , Downie J.
Published: March 2008

Background: The use of dermal fillers for enhancing lips and reducing wrinkles is currently one of the fastest growing sectors of the cosmetic surgery market. There are numerous fillers available, some are synthetic others are isolated from biological material. Once injected the fillers have a varied lifespan ranging from months to years depending upon the material, site of injection and individual response. Current assessment techniques of filler performance are mostly limited to evaluations of the skin surface topography, and not to what is happening to the filler beneath the skin surface. The aim of this work was to see if high‐frequency ultrasound could be used to image and measure filler dimensions in situ.

Method: This was a pilot study of six healthy female volunteers aged 36–53 visiting the surgical outpatients department of a hospital in Glasgow. Volunteers had been injected with filler material into their upper lip 6 months before the visit. The patients all had their upper lip scanned using high‐frequency ultrasound. The subsequent images were then assessed using the scanner software to assess the dimensions of the filler.

Results: The filler material was clearly visible with the ultrasound and subsequently measurable in each scan. Each scan procedure was completed within a short time period meaning quantitative data could be acquired with minimum trauma to the volunteer. The scan images and data also provided valuable information for the volunteers and reinforced their perception of the fillers effect on their features.

Conclusions: High‐frequency ultrasound scanning provides a non‐invasive, convenient and rapid technique for the assessment of filler performance. This pilot study produced three valuable pieces of information: • The ultrasound can image the filler material from which quantitative measurements can be made. • The technique is rapid and cost effective …• This investigation helped to reinforce the volunteer's perception of the filler effect.
Preliminary studies on the relationship among peel force, quantitative measures of skin damage and subjective discomfort
Authors: Murahata Richard I. , Taylor Michael G. , Damia Jonn , Grove Gary L.
Published: March 2008

Background/aims: The ability to anticipate skin damage and subject/patient discomfort due to the removal of adhesive materials without human testing is currently limited. While standardized laboratory methods have been developed, their ability to model and predict the interaction with relevant living substrate is imperfect. The aim of this study was to assess the adhesion of various materials as a function of time using the abdomen as the body site, and determine if a relationship existed with skin damage and subject discomfort.

Methods: Strips of six different materials used in medical devices and known to have different adhesive properties in the laboratory setting were tested in this study. The strips were adhered to the abdomens of normal volunteer subjects for varying periods of time. Peel force was measured under conditions developed to lessen the influence of skin elasticity. Disturbance of the skin barrier was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss; erythema by reflectance L*a*b* measurements; skin cells removal by quantitation of dyed cells adhering to the test strips; and discomfort using subject self‐assessment.

Results: When measured at times from 30 min to 72 h after application, the peel force was highest for materials at 30 min. The peel force for one of the six materials, designated F, was clearly higher than the others at time points from 30 min to 48 h after application. Interestingly, this material caused less disruption to the skin barrier and was reported to cause less discomfort.

Conclusions: In this system, there was not a correspondence between adhesion as measured by peel force and skin damage or self‐report of discomfort. Further investigations will be required to establish the predictive value of other biophysical measurements and discomfort.
Relationship between clinical–radiographic evaluation and outcome of teeth replantation
Authors: Soares Adriana de Jesus , Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida , Zaia Alexandre Augusto , Ferraz Caio Cezar Randi , Souza‐Filho Francisco José de
Published: March 2008

Abstract –  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic results related to avulsed and replanted teeth in patients who sought treatment at the Dental Trauma Center of the Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. One hundred replanted teeth were studied from 48 individuals (18 females and 30 males, with a mean age of 15 years and 9 months). Post‐replantation factors (clinical and radiographic) were observed. The clinical aspects evaluated were crown discoloration, pulp necrosis, mobility changes, presence of fistulae and tooth infra‐position. Radiographic examination aimed to identify replacement and inflammatory root resorptions, pulp canal obliteration and the presence of radiolucent areas. Depending on clinical and radiographic findings, results were classified as: complete success, acceptable success, uncertain success or failure. During anamnesis, other factors such as stage of root formation, period extra‐alveolar, storage medium, type of splintation, and period after replantation time were recorded. The data obtained were statistically analyzed in order to determine the relationship between the post‐replantation factors and outcome of teeth replantation. Linear logistic regression revealed that the majority of replanted teeth were associated with root resorptions and its occurrence duplicated proportionally as the time after replantation increased. Based on these findings, replantation procedures must be submitted to an accurate follow‐up, as the success of replanted teeth, which already tends to be limited, may be even more jeopardized if cases are not controlled.
Internal inflammatory root resorption: the unknown resorption of the tooth
Authors: HAAPASALO MARKUS , ENDAL UNNI
Published: March 2008

Internal inflammatory root resorption is a relatively rare resorption that begins in the root canal and destroys surrounding dental hard tissues. Odontoclastic multinuclear cells are responsible for the resorption, which can grow to perforate the root if untreated. The initiating factor in internal root resorption is thought to be trauma or chronic pulpal inflammation, but other etiological factors have also been suggested. Active, expanding resorption requires vital pulp tissue and continuous microbiological irritation, likely from the necrotic coronal part of the root canal. In its classical form, internal root resorption is easy to diagnose. However, in many instances advanced diagnostic methods may be required for a definitive diagnosis. Internal root resorption is usually symptom free, but in cases of perforation, a sinus tract usually forms. The prognosis for treatment of small lesions of internal root resorption is very good. If, however, the tooth structure is greatly weakened and perforation has occurred, the prognosis is poor and tooth extraction must be considered. Sodium hypochlorite, ultrasonic instrumentation and calcium hydroxide are the cornerstones of treatment of internal inflammatory root resorption. Mineral trioxide aggregate is being increasingly used as a root canal filling material, particularly in cases of perforation.
The role of antibiotics in preventing healing complications after traumatic dental injuries: a literature review
Authors: ANDREASEN JENS OVE , STORGÅRD JENSEN SIMON , SAE‐LIM VARAWAN
Published: March 2008

Traumatic dental injuries result in tissue damage and risk of infection. Experimental studies have shown various avenues for bacterial invasion following trauma: enamel infractions, dentinal tubules, exposed pulps, damaged periodontal ligament (PDL) and exposed alveolar bone. Hematogenous seeding of bacteria (anachoresis) may also occur during pulpal revascularization after trauma. The implication of these routes of entry differs according to the type of traumatic dental injury. It is known that bacterial colonization in a wound may protract or even arrest healing. Hence, it might be of interest to examine the possibility of protecting the healing events by the use of antibiotics after dental and maxillofacial trauma. A survey of the literature revealed a series of studies using an extraction/replantation model in monkeys and dogs. In periodontal ligament healing, these studies showed that systemically administered antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline) or topically applied antibiotics either on the root surface or in the root canal in general had the effect of preventing or reducing the extent of infection‐related resorption. With respect to pulpal healing, systemically administered antibiotics had no effect upon pulp healing whereas topically administered tetracycline (5 min storage in a tetracycline solution or the use of tetracycline powder) doubled the chance of pulp revascularization. To date, there has been only one non‐randomized clinical replantation study which showed that systemically applied penicillin did not reduce root resorption or the chance of pulp revascularization. In experimental studies, the topical use of tetracycline appeared to significantly improve the chance of revascularization of the pulp after replantation. In other dental trauma types, only a few clinical studies were available concerning the role of antibiotics and none of them were randomized. No positive effect of antibiotics has been reported on pulpal healing in cases of luxation injury or root fracture. Regarding PDL healing, a possible negative effect of antibiotics was indicated for lateral luxations; however, confounding factors might exist. In the case of mandibular fractures with communication to the oral cavity, five randomized studies were found, all indicating that antibiotics significantly reduced the risk of fracture line infection. Randomized clinical studies on the effect of systemic and topical use of antibiotics for traumatic dental injuries are very much needed.
Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. II. Avulsion of permanent teeth
Authors: FLORES MT , ANDERSSON L , ANDREASEN JO , BAKLAND LK , MALMGREN B , BARNETT F , BOURGUIGNON C , DIANGELIS A , HICKS L , SIGURDSSON A , TROPE M , TSUKIBOSHI M , VON ARX T
Published: March 2008

Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most serious of all dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsion. Replantation is the treatment of choice, but cannot always be carried out immediately. An appropriate emergency management and treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this second article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of avulsed permanent teeth are presented.
Calcium taste preferences: genetic analysis and genome screen of C57BL/6J × PWK/PhJ hybrid mice
Authors: Tordoff M. G. , Reed D. R. , Shao H.
Published: March 2008

To characterize the genetic basis of voluntary calcium consumption, we tested C57BL/6J mice (B6; with low avidity for calcium), PWK/PhJ mice (PWK; with high avidity for calcium) and their F1 and F2 hybrids. All mice received a series of 96‐h two‐bottle preference tests with a choice between water and the following: 50 mm CaCl2, 50 mm calcium lactate, 50 mm MgCl2, 100 mm KCl, 100 mm NH4Cl, 100 mm NaCl, 5 mm citric acid, 30 μm quinine hydrochloride and 2 mm saccharin. Most frequency distributions of the parental and F1 but not F2 groups were normally distributed, and there were few sex differences. Reciprocal cross analysis showed that B6 × PWK F1 mice had a non‐specific elevation of fluid intake relative to PWK × B6 F1 mice. In the F2 mice, trait correlations were clustered among the divalent salts and the monovalent chlorides. A genome screen involving 116 markers showed 30 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), of which six involved consumption of calcium chloride or lactate. The results show pleiotropic controls of calcium and magnesium consumption that are distinct from those controlling consumption of monovalent chlorides or exemplars of the primary taste qualities.
Musical hallucinosis: case reports and possible neurobiological models
Authors: Mocellin Ramon , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis
Published: March 2008

Objective:

The perception of music without a stimulus, or musical hallucination, is reported in both organic and psychiatric disorders. It is most frequently described in the elderly with associated hearing loss and accompanied by some degree of insight. In this setting it is often referred to as ‘musical hallucinosis’. The aim of the authors was to present examples of this syndrome and review the current understanding of its neurobiological basis.

Method:

We describe three cases of persons experiencing musical hallucinosis in the context of hearing deficits with varying degrees of associated central nervous system abnormalities.

Results:

Putative neurobiological mechanisms, in particular those involving de-afferentation of a complex auditory recognition system by complete or partial deafness, are discussed in the light of current information from the literature.

Conclusion:

Musical hallucinosis can be experienced in those patients with hearing impairment and is phenomenologically distinct for hallucinations described in psychiatric disorders.
A Strategic Analysis of Product Recalls: The Role of Moral Degradation and Organizational Control
Authors: Luo Yadong
Published: March 2008

Although product recalls are neither new nor unique to China, China bears much of the bitter criticism from the media and negative reactions from the public. This essay discusses the reasons behind recalls from a moral degradation perspective, grounded in the larger framework of anomie theory. While making remarkable economic progress, China is also moving toward a society with degraded moral standards. This moral degradation propels illicit and immoral business practices. This essay further presents an analysis of recall from the organizational control perspective, tackling the issue of how safety and quality problems damage a firm's long-term corporate credibility, legitimacy, trust and governance in a competitive environment. Strategic repercussions of recalls include impairing capability building, organizational learning and resource allocation. The essay ends with a call for action by the Chinese government, firms and management researchers to address and further understand this complex issue.
Computational Study of the Binding Mode of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Hai‐Feng
Published: March 2008

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase is relative to the progression of various types of cancers. In order to design anticancer drug, docking and support vector machines were used to guide CoMFA and CoMSIA for constructing optimal 3D‐QSAR model. Additional descriptors, log P and HOMO, combined with several fields of CoMFA and CoMSIA, were introduced to construct models for the inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. The results show that the inclusion of log P and HOMO energy is meaningful for 3D‐QSAR model. The validation of these models was testified by some structurally diverse compounds, which were not included in the CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The docking study and molecular dynamic simulation permit us to insight into the binding mode between ligand and EGFR kinase, and provide important information for structure‐based drug design. The proposed approach can also be extended to other QSAR investigations.
Photoprotection in Human Skin—A Multifaceted SOS Response†
Authors: Eller Mark S. , Asarch Adam , Gilchrest Barbara A.
Published: March 2008

Human skin has developed elaborate defense mechanisms for combating a wide variety of potentially damaging environmental factors; principal among these is UV light. Despite these defenses, short‐term damage may include painful sunburn and long‐term UV damage results in both accelerated skin aging and skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and even malignant melanoma. While UV radiation damages many cellular constituents, its most lasting effects involve DNA alteration. The following sections briefly review UV‐inducible protective responses in bacteria and in skin, thymidine dinucleotides (pTT) as a powerful probe of DNA damage responses, and potential means of harnessing these inducible responses therapeutically to reduce the now enormous burden of cutaneous photodamage in our society.
The reference limits and cut‐off value for serum soluble transferrin receptors for diagnosing iron deficiency in infants
Authors: VENDT N. , TALVIK T. , LEEDO S. , TOMBERG K. , KOOL P. , TILLMANN V. , GRÜNBERG H.
Published: March 2008

Serum soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR) concentration is a useful test in the diagnosis of childhood iron deficiency (ID). The aims of this study were to establish reference limits and to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of sTfR in the diagnosis of ID in infants aged 9–12 months. In addition to mean erythrocyte cell volume, haemoglobin and ferritin measurements, sTfR concentration was measured in 179 healthy children in Estonia using the IDeA® and Tina‐quant® methods. Using the ID criteria of ferritin <10 μg/l, subjects were divided into healthy (n = 146) and ID (n = 33) groups. The reference limits (5th and 95th percentile) were calculated in the study group. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to find out the cut‐off values for the best diagnostic characteristics. The reference limits for sTfR were 1.5–2.7 mg/l in the IDeA® method and 4.1–7.8 mg/l in the Tina‐quant® method. The methods had poor agreement, the mean ratio with 95% limits of agreement was 2.9 (2.4–3.6). The best cut‐off value in order to identify ID by hypoferritinaemia in this population is an sTfR level >2.4 mg/l in the IDeA® (sensitivity 84%, specificity 94%) and an sTfR level >7.4 mg/l in the Tina‐quant (sensitivity 80%, specificity 92%). We conclude that sTfR concentration is an efficient tool in the diagnosis of ID, but that every method needs its own cut‐off value.
Assessment of USGS BCR‐2 as a Reference Material for Silicate Rock U‐Pa Disequilibrium Measurements
Authors: Prytulak Julie , Elliott Tim , Hoffmann Dirk L. , Coath Christopher D.
Published: March 2008

The accuracy of 231Pa‐235U measurements can be readily assessed using a secular equilibrium reference material (RM), but a secular equilibrium RM is also required to calibrate the 233Pa spike used in 231Pa determinations. The only silicate RM commonly accepted to be in secular equilibrium is Table Mountain Latite (TML) and so an additional reference is required. Our measurements on the widely available USGS BCR‐2 (Basalt Columbia River) rock powder yielded (231Pa/235U) = 0.997 ± 0.013 2s (n = 10), indicating its value as a secondary reference to test the fidelity of U‐Pa determinations. Such a reference material additionally provides a useful check on data reduction, which our literature survey highlights can lead to discrepancies of up to 53% between reported (231Pa/235U) activity ratios and corresponding U and Pa concentration data.
Modeling Effects of Natural Flow Restoration on Metals Fate and Transport in a Mountain Stream Impacted by Mine Waste1
Authors: Caruso Brian S. , Cox Timothy J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract:  The effects of natural flow restoration on metals fate and transport in the Upper Tenmile Creek Watershed, Montana, were modeled using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This 50‐km2 watershed has over 150 historic abandoned mines, including mine waste rock and tailings, as well as adits discharging acid mine drainage, and is the primary drinking water supply for the City of Helena. Water supply diversions almost completely dewater some stream reaches during summer low flows, but the city is considering a new drinking water source and restoration of natural flows in Tenmile Creek as part of acid mine drainage remediation and broader aquatic habitat restoration. One dimensional steady‐state simulation of total recoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the mainstem was performed, and the model was calibrated to June 2000 base‐flow data. Representative low‐flows in August and high‐flow snowmelt conditions in June were modeled using mean monthly natural flow estimates from the U.S. Geological Survey and representative USEPA metals concentrations data. The modeling showed that total recoverable metals concentrations, and especially loads, can vary significantly among input locations and over time in the watershed. Some data gaps limit evaluation of variability and increase uncertainty in several locations. Model results indicated, however, that natural low‐ and high‐flow restoration by itself can reduce some metals concentrations in the mainstem compared to June 2000 values, which were influenced by significant water diversion. Some values (such as Zn) may still exceed standards during natural August low flow due to the remaining high concentrations and loads in the primary inputs to the mainstem. Others (such as Cu) can increase during high flow due to remaining mine waste sources and loading of particulate Cu associated with erosion and transport of solids. Greater than 50% reduction in concentrations and loads from some of the main tributaries may be necessary to meet all standards, especially for potential particulate loads with higher flows in June.
Barriers to preventive and periodontic care for the older population
Authors: ODRICH JOHANNA
Published: March 2008

The ability of the dental delivery system to provide the older population with preventive and periodontal care now and in the future is examined. Identification of the structural barriers to obtaining this care suggests public policy recommendations aimed at increasing the older adult's dental health status.
Aggressive periodontitis associated with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome: Report of a 14‐year follow‐up
Authors: De Freitas Aldevina C. , Assed Sada , Da Silva Léa A. B. , Silva Raquel A. B.
Published: March 2008

This case report describes the periodontal management, therapeutic approach, and 14‐year follow‐up of a patient diagnosed with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS).

A female child, diagnosed with PLS‐associated periodontitis at the age of 9 years and 11 months, presented with hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, as well as generalized aggressive periodontitis. The dental treatment comprised standard periodontal debridement, scaling and root planing, instructions on oral hygiene, restorations, extraction of hopelessly affected teeth and a therapeutic use of antibiotics.

The concomitant supportive periodontal therapy and antibiotic coverage could not stop the loss of periodontal attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone. Four years after treatment was initiated, the last remaining teeth were extracted and complete dentures were constructed. The dentures have been periodically replaced and the patient continues to return for follow‐up once a year.

The combination of intensive periodontal treatment and antibiotic regimen only temporarily delayed periodontal disease progression and did not prevent loss of both primary and permanent teeth. The outcome of this long‐term follow‐up case report shows that management of PLS‐associated periodontitis is further complicated when the patient is first seen in the mixed dentition stage or later. In these situations, the chances of controlling the progression of periodontal breakdown and minimizing tooth loss are greatly reduced.
Oculocerebrorenal Lowe syndrome: a literature review and two case reports
Authors: Rodrigues Santos Maria Teresa Botti , Watanabe Melina Mayumi , Manzano Felipe Scalco , Lopes Cristiane Haick , Masiero Danilo
Published: March 2008

The present paper reviews the dental findings in oculocerebrorenal Lowe syndrome and presents two case histories. Reports of different patients are useful in order to enhance knowledge about the syndrome, because there are so many different oral manifestations.
Culture studies on the rare brown alga Phaeostroma longisetum comb.nov. and its common relative P. pustulosum from Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Poul Møller
Published: March 2008

Culture studies have shown that the rarely reported alga, Symphyocarpus longisetus, agrees with the type species of Phaeostroma with regard to its mode of formation of plurilocular sporangia, number of chloroplasts, and type of true hairs, and disagrees with the type species of Symphyocarpus. The new combination, Phaeostroma longisetum, is proposed. Unilocular sporangia are reported for the first time in this species. The life history is of the direct type under all conditions tested. The species grows and reproduces also at 15°C LD conditions although generally considered an arctic species.

Phaeostroma pustulosum probably also has a homophasic, direct type of life history. The plants are either pseudoparenchymatous discs or branched filaments. The filamentous thalli are in agreement with the younger taxon Phaeostroma aequale (=Streblonema aequale).
A new species of Cordia (Boraginaceae) from Tanzania
Authors: Vollesen Kaj
Published: March 2008

Cordia fissistyla Vollesen is described. The species is endemic in SE Tanzania. It differs from all hitherto described species in having free styles.
Pollen wall characters with emphasis upon applicability
Authors: Rowley John R.
Published: March 2008

The message for exine pattern resides ultimately in the genome, yet the information for the initial form exists in the cytoplasm or with the plasma membrane and its glycocalyx. Subsequent wall development is likely to be the result of an interplay between the genome, the cytoplasm, and the intralocular environment. The exine consists of units derived from the plasma membrane glycocalyx and enveloped in the exinous polymer sporopollenin. Growth of the exine in accomodation to cell surface expansion is modeled as involving a doubling in diameter of the units, separation of components, and incorportation of new units within the nexine but not the tectum. If the tectum is thick and does not become disjunct, its restraint upon cellular expansion may result in the crushing of bacules. Both the final shape and ornamentation of the exine may be influenced by cytological processes like oncoid plugs that limit the effect of protoplast expansion to nonapertural regions or globules in the exine arcade that can cause distention of the tectum and rupturing of bacules. Subunits of exinous units can be seen in distinctive patterns at the outer surface of the exine, in the arcade of the exine, and prior to intine formation at the inner surface of the nexine.
Calliandra (Leguminosae) in continental Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats , Guinet Philippe , Hunde Asfaw
Published: March 2008

The mainly neotropical genus Calliandra Benth. (Leguminosae–Mimosoideae–Ingeae) is reported for the first time as native in continental Africa. There are two species known, C. gilbertii Thulin & Hunde sp. nov. in E Kenya and Somalia and C. redacta (J. H. Ross) Thulin & Hunde comb. nov. in South Africa near the Namibia border. On pollen morphological grounds they are supposed to be most related to certain neotropical species but the pollen does not agree entirely with any previously known group of the genus. The distribution of C gilbertii and C. redacta stresses the phytogeographical link between the arid zones of northern and southern Africa.
Notes on some lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland
Authors: Alstrup Vagn
Published: March 2008

Acarospora isortoqensis Alstrup sp. n. is described. Cornicularia mirabilis Lynge is shown to be synonymous with Endpcarpon pulvinatum Th. Fr. The spores of Muel–lerella frustulosae Vouaux are elliptical rather than spherical. Six lichens and seven lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Greenland, and new localities are given for two lichens and one lichen parasite rarely collected in Greenland.
The families of bitunicate ascomycetes
Authors: Eriksson Ove
Published: March 2008

The morphology and nomenclature of ca. 195 families of bitunicate or alleged bitunicate ascomycetes are discussed. Available representatives of these families were studied especially with respect to the morphology of the asci and ascospores. The morphology of the ascomata, etc. was studied in the SEM in 73 species. The following morphological terms are introduced: hamathecium, pseudoprototunicate, pseudofis–situnicate, semifissitunicate, and umbilicus. The following taxa are described as new: Coccodiniaceae O. Erikss. fam. nov., Microtheliopsidaceae O. Erikss. fam. nov., Amarenomyces O. Erikss. gen. nov., and Euantennaria abietina O. Erikss. sp. nov. The name Lecanidiaceae is proposed to replace Patellariaceae Corda, and Cyanoder–mella to replace Cyanoderma Höhn. The Massariaceae are treated as Trypetheliaceae subfam. Massarioideae (Nits.) O. Erikss. The following new combinations are proposed: Amarenomyces ammophilae (Lasch) O. Erikss., Cyanodermella viridula (Berk. & Curt.) O. Erikss., C. Candida (Setch.) O. Erikss., Dictyotrichiella delicatula (Ves–tergr.) O. Erikss., Laurera sepulta (Mont.) O. Erikss., Splanchnonema superans (Mull. Arg.) O. Erikss. and Thelenella antarctica (M. Lamb) O. Erikss. The origin and evolution of the Ascomycetes are discussed, and the importance of paedomor–phosis in the transspeciation of the group is emphasized. The stratigraphic classification of the Ascomycetes is discussed. In a transitional classification of the Ascomycetes, 109 monophyletic entities (clades) are recognized.

La morphologie et la nomenclature ?environ 195 families ?ascomycétes bituniques ou soit–disant bituniques sont étudiées, spécialement en respectant la morphologie des asques et des ascospores. La morphologie des ascocarpes, etc. de 73 espèces fut étudiée dans le SEM. Les termes morphologiques suivants sont introduits: hamathecium, pseudoprototunique, pseudofissitunique, semifissitunique et umbilicus. Ces nouveaux taxa sont decrits: Coccodiniaceae O. Erikss. fam. nov., Microtheliopsidaceae O. Erikss. fam. nov., Amarenomyces O. Erikss. gen. nov. et Euantennaria abietina O. Erikss. sp. nov. Le nom Lecanidiaceae est proposéà la place de Patellariaceae Corda, Cyanodermella à la place de Cyanoderma Höhn. Les Massariaceae sont traitées comme Trypetheliaceae subfam. Massarioideae (Nits.) O. Erikss. Les nouvelles combinations suivantes sont proposées: Amarenomyces ammophilae (Lasch) O. Erikss., Cyanodermella viridula (Berk. & Curt.) O. Erikss., C. Candida (Setch.) O. Erikss., Dictyotrichiella delicatula (Vestergr.) O. Erikss., Laurera sepulta (Mont.) O. Erikss., Splanchnonema superans (Müll. Arg.) O. Erikss. et Thelenella antarctica (M. Lamb) O. Erikss. Ľorigine et ľévolution des ascomycètes sont discutées, et I'importance de la paedomorphose dans la transspeciation du groupe est mise en évidence. La classification stratigraphique des ascomycètes est discutée. Dans une classification de transition des ascomycètes, 109 entités monophyletiques sont reconnues.
Observations on the biology of Boschniakia hookeri (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Olsen Sigurd , Olsen Ingrith Deyrup
Published: March 2008

Observations on Boschniakia hookeri Walp. (Orobanchaceae), a root parasite, have been carried out at locations on the Kitsap Peninsula, Washington State, U.S.A.; Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada; and Sand Lake, Tillamook County, Oregon State, U.S.A. The hosts of B. hookeri, all Ericaceae, identified by excavation of the host root–parasite connection, were Arbutus menziesii Pursh., Gaultheria shallon Pursh., Arctostaphylos uva–ursi (L.) Spreng., and an introduced South American species, Pernettya mucronata Gaud. Seasonal development above ground and recurrence of blooming were monitored. It was shown that the plants are autogamous. Predation plays an important role in the biology of Boschniakia hookeri, including infestation by nematodes, destruction of entire plants by rodents, and attack on the inflorescences by a fly, Pegomya sp. A life history of Boschniakia hookeri was assembled from the data of this study.
Lijndenia, a re–established paleotropical genus of the Melastomataceae–Memecyleae
Authors: Bremer Kåre
Published: March 2008

The genus Lijndenia Zoll. & Mor. is re–established and emended to include four species, L. laurina Zoll. & Mor. from W Malesia and Java, L. capitellata (Arn.) Bremer from Ceylon, L. gardneri (Thw.) Bremer from Ceylon, and L. barteri (Hook. f.) Bremer from tropical W Africa. The latter three names are new combinations.
Some inoperculate Discomycetes and Plectomycetes from West Greenland
Authors: Petersen Peter Milan , Korf Richard P.
Published: March 2008

Twenty–nine inoperculate discomycetes and two plectomycetes are recorded from West Greenland, with ecological and plant geographical notes.
Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka
Authors: Koch Jørgen
Published: March 2008

Koch, J. 1982. Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka. – Nord. J. Bot. 2: 163–169. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Twenty–seven marine fungi are reported from intertidal wood collected in the Indian Ocean at Sri Lanka. One new genus Nimbospora and two new species Nimbospora effusa and Halosarpheia bentotensis are described. A new combination Savoryella paucispora is proposed. Obervations are presented on some poorly known and interesting species.
The Cryptomonas–Caulobacter consortium: facultative ectocommensalism with possible taxonomic consequences?
Authors: Klaveness Dag
Published: March 2008

Cryptomonas cells with an anomalous shape, usually possessing a transversal constriction, have been observed in nature and in cultures. Closer examination of the cells revealed the presence of a dense carpet of bacteria of the genus Caulobacter within the transversal groove. This observation raises the question of a possible mutual benefit from the association, as well as the question of the taxonomic validity of previously described species of Cryptomonas with similar cell shape. When brought into bacteriafree culture, a Cryptomonas strain lost the transversal constriction and assumed the characteristic shape of C. curvata. No benefit to the growth of Cryptomonas could be recorded in the presence of the bacteria.
Mallomonas canina sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), a new member of sect. Heterospinae
Authors: Kristiansen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

Mallomonas canina sp. nov. is described from a Danish lake by means of electron microscopy of scales and bristles and compared with the other members of the Mallomonas sect. Heterospinae Momeu & Péterfi.
Carcinomycetaceae: a new family in the Heterobasidiomycetes
Authors: Oberwinkler Franz , Bandoni Robert
Published: March 2008

A group of holobasidiate mycoparasites, growing on Basidiomycetes, was studied by light– and electron microscopy. The parasites develop haustoria which penetrate the host–cells. Often a hypertrophic, gall–like growth of the host is induced by this parasitic interaction. Ana– and teleomorph stages and functions are highly diverse and not yet fully understood. Two species produce unique zygoconidia. The mechanism of spore abstriction on apically sterigmate holobasidia is hymenomycet–ous or gasteromycetous, and the basidiospores usually germinate by budding. Doli–pores without parenthesomes were found in three species. A heterobasidiomycetous relationship is proposed for the three genera, Christiansenia, Syzygospora, and Car–cinomyces gen. nov. Taxonomic considerations led to the proposal of a new family, the Carcinomycetaceae.

This is Part 11 of a series, “Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes” of the Institut für Biologie I, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik, Universitat Tubingen and the Department of Botany, University of British Columbia.
Type studies in the Polyporaceae 11. Species described by J. F. C. Montagne, either alone or with other authors
Authors: Ryvarden Leif
Published: March 2008

Of the 93 polypores described by Montagne, either alone or with other mycologists, 32 are accepted, 53 are synonyms, 3 names are invalid, 2 species are of unknown affinities, 2 types have not been found while 1 name is rejected. The following three combinations are proposed: Phylloporia capucina (Mont.) Ryv. comb, nov., Coltricia fragilissima (Mont.) Ryv. comb, nov., and Gloeophyllum mexicanum (Mont.) Ryv. comb. nov.