bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blind Spots of Abolitionist Thought in Academia
Authors: Carrier Nicolas , Piché Justin
Published: September 2015

This paper identifies and critically assesses old and new challenges that, we argue, must be reckoned with if abolitionism qua abolitionism is to be tenable. A companion piece to the introduction of the special issue that examined the state of abolitionist scholarship, this article discusses some old challenges associated to traditional forms of abolitionism (prison abolitionism and penal abolitionism), but also emerging challenges surrounding abolitionist critiques of the prison industrial complex and the growing use of detention decoupled from criminal law. Our discussion is focused on five key themes: the ‘dangerous few’; the carnival of punishment; the problems with community; racism, capitalism and punishment; and legal pluralism.
Black Feminist Hauntology
Authors: Saleh-Hanna Viviane
Published: September 2015

This paper uses what Toni Morrison named ‘rememory’ in Beloved (1987) to redefine what Jacques Derrida named ‘hauntology’ in Specters of Marx (1994) to produce Black Feminist Hauntology: a counter-analysis to broken conceptions of time and bodies that critiques dominant, White supremacist constructions of colonized/colonizing, enslaved/enslaving and imprisoned/imprisoning bodies, lives, deaths, and histories. Black Feminist Hauntology is a socio-philosophical study of ghosts through whom we can locate the abusive and morally bankrupt nature of structural race relations as they manifest through the violent race-making and land-grabbing conquests of colonialism. If, as Baucom (2001, 80) proposes, “time does not pass, it accumulates”, then what does it mean to live within a system of incarceration in the United States where the majority of those shackled and locked up are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans, while the majority of those who lock them up and profit from their confinement are the direct descendants of European slave holders and colonists? This localized inquiry can be applied to varying contexts, namely White nation-states and their systems as they occupy lands and resources across the globe. Black Feminist Hauntology provides a framework intent upon exorcizing Colonial Systems of Control (Saleh-Hanna, 2008) through which race, class, gender, and sexuality are constructed, conquered and enforced. To facilitate the application of this exorcism the article introduces three intersecting shape-shifting methodologies: transcendent, metamorphic, and structural. Each is inspired by Egyptian mythology, reawakening a point of vision and definition born in analytic spaces dwelling well beyond the shadows and reaches of colonial slavery.
Construire des connaissances sur les pratiques d’enseignement : travail d’objectivation et vigilance épistémologique
Authors: Lefeuvre Gwénaël
Published: September 2015

En nous appuyant sur la réflexion de Pierre Bourdieu sur l’objectivation de la position objectivante, nous interrogerons dans cet article les impensés et les présupposés qui étaient les nôtres dans la réalisation d’une recherche menée sur les pratiques d’enseignement. Après avoir rappelé le positionnement de Bourdieu sur l’analyse réflexive des pratiques de connaissances, nous exposerons le protocole d’une recherche réalisée durant une année auprès d’une enseignante en cours préparatoire dans le but d’analyser ses pratiques d’enseignement. Nous interrogerons les présupposés du choix du cadre théorique – en l’occurrence la « conceptualisation dans l’action » développée par Vergnaud - puis ceux relatifs au choix d’un dispositif méthodologique particulier : l’entretien en situation d’autoconfrontation. Cet essai d’auto-analyse a pour objectif de participer à l’ouverture des discussions autour des conditions sociologiques actuelles de l’étude scientifique des pratiques d’enseignement en sciences de l’éducation.
Les partenariats éducatifs, vecteurs d’accompagnement du changement ?
Authors: Grasset Jehanne De
Published: September 2015

L’histoire récente des politiques éducatives françaises accorde une place importante au développement des pratiques collaboratives entre partenaires. La mise en cohérence de l’action des acteurs éducatifs d’un même territoire est un des vecteurs de la réussite éducative. D’un point de vue institutionnel l’accumulation des dispositifs induit un renouvellement de la culture professionnelle des enseignants. Sur le terrain, de nombreuses études confirment que c’est sur la structure relationnelle-affinitaire que le partenariat tend à se développer. Cet article propose un état des lieux des réformes institutionnelles. Puis il présente l’étude spécifique d’un partenariat éducatif - le Projet Éducatif de Territoire (PEdT) - imposé par la réforme des rythmes scolaires actuelle. Afin de répondre à cette injonction, la discussion présente les éléments clefs d’un dispositif d’accompagnement à la mise en place des PEdT en termes méthodologiques et organisationnels.
L’accompagnement : une gestion structurelle de l’incertitude
Authors: Boucenna Sephora
Published: September 2015

L’activité d’accompagnement, telle que vécue par les conseillers pédagogiques lors d’entretiens avec des directions, semble être caractérisée par un traitement structurel de l’incertitude qui se traduit par une activité d’investigation. Cette dernière peut porter sur l’objet même de l’accompagnement, sur les caractéristiques situées de l’accompagné ou encore sur l’objet, les outils et les stratégies de l’accompagnement. Ayant opté pour une épistémologie de l’activité, nous avons développé un outil pour approcher l’activité mentale (les agirs mentaux) que nous avons croisé avec le schème de l’enquête de John Dewey. Nous présentons dans cet article quelques produits de notre recherche doctorale caractérisant l’activité d’accompagnement de conseillers pédagogiques du réseau libre de l’enseignement fondamental en Belgique francophone.
Posture d’accompagnement au changement-innovation avec des équipes d’école volontaires : l’implication réfléchissante
Authors: Janner-Raimond Martine , Tavignot Patricia
Published: September 2015

Après avoir précisé les enjeux de la notion d'accompagnement, nous avons cherché à définir les caractéristiques de la posture d'implication, adoptée par des chercheurs lors de l'accompagnement au changement souhaité par des équipes d'écoles volontaires. Nous avons qualifié cette posture d'implication réfléchissante. Le protocole méthodologique présente le dispositif de travail coopératif mis en œuvre. Organisé en trois phases : phase d'engagement, phase d'implication et phase d'inscription au changement-innovation, ce dispositif permet un accompagnement qui s'ajuste aux déroulements spécifiques à chaque réunion de travail avec les équipes. Trois fonctions caractérisent cette posture in fine : accompagner pour inciter à mener une réflexion de l'équipe lors de l'ouverture d'une réunion, accompagner sous forme de relances lors des déroulements et en clôture de séance, accompagner pour se mettre d'accord en équipe sur l'objet commun de changement. Or, adopter une telle posture exige une vigilance qui se traduit concrètement par un effort de réflexivité pour entendre, s’assurer d’avoir compris, mais aussi chercher, le moment venu, à développer explicitement les enjeux des propositions faites par les acteurs de façon à objectiver les choix envisagés.
Un tournant dans les albums de littérature de jeunesse : de l’enfant acteur à l’enfant auteur
Authors: Hétier Renaud
Published: September 2015

Des œuvres innovantes de la littérature de jeunesse proposent aux jeunes enfants de devenir auteur, et ceci sous deux formes majeures : 1) Dans l’appréhension de l’œuvre, l’enfant peut voir ce qui n’est pas toujours dit, entendre ce qui n’est pas montré, en savoir plus que les personnages, que, semble-t-il, l’adulte qui lui lit le livre. 2) Par le jeu de l’identification, l’enfant peut être invité à suivre un personnage qui transfigure sa réalité plus qu’il ne la transforme (en créant plus qu’en combattant), voire à suivre l’auteur lui-même. L’invitation à être auteur (au delà de la création d’une œuvre), peut être analysée comme invitation à être l’auteur de sa propre vie en commençant par apprendre à en transformer les modalités d’expression. L’étude d’un corpus d’une dizaine d’albums récents, visera le repérage de différentes modalités par lesquelles cette position de l’enfant « auteur » est rendue opérante.
Usage des technologies de l’information et de la communication et humanisation pour des élèves en soins-études
Authors: Colinet Séverine
Published: September 2015

Cet article vise à comprendre comment les TIC(E) contribuent à l’« humanisation » de l’école à l'hôpital. Cette recherche est fondée sur deux Centres Médicaux Pédagogiques Adaptés et un Établissement Régional d’Enseignement Adapté. Afin de croiser les regards, 60 entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de professionnels (enseignants, référents TICE et directeurs d’institutions) ainsi qu’auprès d’élèves. Nous avons procédé à des observations et avons demandé aux élèves de faire usage de leur ordinateur devant nous. Cette recherche met en évidence le rôle que les TIC(E) jouent dans la restauration du statut d’élève chez l’enfant hospitalisé. Les résultats de l’enquête conduisent à examiner comment l’introduction des TIC(E) participe d’une certaine humanisation de l’hôpital. Leur analyse montre en quoi celle-ci change le statut et la condition des usagers et comment elle se manifeste concrètement. L’enquête montre qu’il existe des limites à l’usage des TIC(E) et à leurs effets sur l’humanisation, les résultats dégagés sont discutés en fin d’article.
Using Cloud Computing for E-Government
Authors: Al-Rousan Thamer , Aljawarneh Shadi
Published: September 2015

For the last two decades, e-government has attracted government around the world to itself. Today almost every country in the world has developed and implemented e-government system in some form or another in order to reduce costs, improve services, save time and increase effectiveness and efficiency in a public sector. With increasing generalization of technology access by citizen and organizations, e-governments across the world face a major challenge in keeping a pace with ever changing technologies and offer an efficient, effective and transparent way of offering its services. Cloud computing is becoming an adoptable technology for many countries. The concept of cloud computing becomes important for each e-government, facilitating its way of work, increasing its productivity and all that leading to cost savings. It will likely have a significant impact on the e-governments in the future. In this paper, we analyzed cloud computing and its applications in the context of e-government.
Supply Chain in the Cloud
Authors: Akyuz Goknur Arzu , Rehan Mohammad
Published: September 2015

Cloud concept is directly related with the beyond-ERP integrity and collaboration across a number of heterogeneous Supply Chain (SC) partner infrastructures. The technology enables partners to form a collaborative SC community without the burden of significant IT investment. Cloud applications offer significant opportunities from SC perspective, and the assimilation of the Cloud Technology is not complete yet in the Supply Chain domain. It also involves various barriers from implementation perspective, as well as the concerns related with vendor lock-in, security, reliability, privacy and data ownership. This chapter provides a comprehensive coverage of the opportunities and barriers as well as the generic treatment from SC perspective. It also highlights how the cloud technology represents a perfect fit with the ideas of ‘Collaborative Supply Chains', ‘Business Process Outsourcing' and ‘long-term strategic partnerships, which are the key themes characterizing the Supply Chains of today's era. This chapter reveals that the intersection of the topics ‘Cloud computing' and ‘Supply Chain' is a promising area for further research. Further studies in a multi-partner setting with respect to a variety of configurations, case studies and applications, as well as the security, reliability and data ownership issues are justified.
Approaches to Cloud Computing in the Public Sector
Authors: Chang Jeffrey , Johnston Mark
Published: September 2015

Cloud computing refers to a scalable network infrastructure where consumers receive IT services such as software and data storage through the Internet on a subscription basis. Potential benefits include cost savings, simpler IT and reduced energy consumption. The UK government and local authorities, like commercial organisations, are considering cloud-based services. Concerns have been raised, however, over issues such as security, access, data protection and ownership. This study attempts to investigate the likely impact of cloud computing on local government based on a conceptual framework and case studies of four London borough councils. It reveals that the concept of cloud computing is new and not clearly understood. Local authorities, who face further cuts in government funding, welcome a cloud-based IT infrastructure which may lead to considerable savings. Yet local government is conservative, so with their risk-adverse attitude local authorities are more likely to adopt a hybrid approach to implementation.
Domain-Based Dynamic Ranking
Authors: Guha Sutirtha Kumar , Kundu Anirban , Dattagupta Rana
Published: September 2015

In this chapter a domain based ranking methodology is proposed in cloud environment. Web pages from the cloud are clustered as ‘Primary Domain' and ‘Secondary Domain'. ‘Primary' domain Web pages are fetched based on the direct matching with the keywords. ‘Primary Domain' Web pages are ranked based on Relevancy Factor (RF) and Turbulence Factor (TF). ‘Secondary Domain' is constructed by Nearest Keywords and Similar Web pages. Nearest Keywords are the keywords similar to the matched keywords. Similar Web pages are the Web pages having Nearest Keywords. Matched Web pages of ‘Primary' and ‘Secondary' domain are ranked separately. A wide range of Web pages from the cloud would be available and ranked more efficiently by this proposed approach.
A Key-Based Database Sharding Implementation for Big Data Analytics
Authors: Bagui Sikha , Nguyen Loi
Published: September 2015

In this chapter, we use MySQL Database Cluster to demonstrate and discover the capabilities of key based database sharding and provide the implementation details to build a key based sharded database system. After the implementation section, we present some examples of datasets that were sharded using our implementation. The sharded data is then used for data mining, specifically association rule mining. We present the results (association rules) for the sharded data as well as the non-sharded data.
New Ways of Seeing
Authors: Anderson Matthew , Schofield Damian , Dethridge Lisa
Published: September 2015

As computer-driven display technology becomes more powerful and accessible, the online, virtual art gallery may provide a new platform for artists to exhibit their work. Virtual exhibits may afford opportunities for both the artist and the patron to display, view and perhaps purchase various digital art forms. The aim of this paper is to examine user interaction with digital artworks inside a virtual gallery space. We use a range of criteria to describe conditions for both the designer and the user of such a virtual display system. The paper describes a number of experiments where users interacted with a virtual art gallery and were then extensively interviewed and surveyed. Measures of what Manovich (2002) describes as ‘immersion' and what Slater et al (1994) would term ‘presence' are observed in relation to the user experience. The gallery is a three-dimensional graphic digital construction built in Second Life. The experiment aimed to describe and delineate the user's perception and navigation of space and compares their perception of art objects in the virtual environment to digital objects in a ‘real world' gallery. The data collected in this study provide the basis for a discussion of how users may perceive and navigate virtual objects and spaces in an online environment such as a game or art gallery. The results may be of use to those designing interactive three-dimensional environments.
Power to Share
Authors: Smith Sophy
Published: September 2015

Online social media tools have made it increasingly easy to communicate, cooperate and collaborate with others online, and as such offer new frameworks for making creative work. Facebook claims that it helps members connect and share, but what if the people you want to connect and share with are your artistic collaborators? Can Facebook be used creatively, as a collaborative artistic environment? This article draws on the practical research projects ‘Feedback', carried out by the author, exploring new methodologies for collaborative creation supported by online social media. The project focused on the creative use of Facebook as a tool for creative collaboration, establishing a possible working model of artistic collaboration using the social media tool.
A Model for a Collective Aesthetic Consciousness
Authors: Mayo Sherry
Published: September 2015

During the 20th century, the modern media was born and viewed as an industrial factory-model machine. These powerful media such as film, radio, and television transmitted culture to the passive masses (Enzensberger; 1974). These art forms were divorced of ritual and authenticity and were reproduced to reinforce their prowess (Benjamin, 1936). In the 21st century post-media condition, a process of convergence and evolution toward a social consciousness, facilitated by a many-to-many social network strategy, is underway. Web 2.0 technologies are a catalyst toward an emergence of a collectivist aesthetic consciousness. As the prophecy of a post-industrial society (Bell, 1973) becomes fulfilled, a post-media society emerges whose quest is for knowledge dependent upon economy that barters information. This paper identifies a conceptual model of this recent paradigmatic shift and to identify some of the possibilities that are emerging.
Making Design Review Interactive
Authors: Vishkaie Rojin S. , Levy Richard M.
Published: September 2015

As a synthesis, this paper offers the opportunity to rethink the status of current technologies within the design review process. It suggests the potential for transforming the complex participatory, communicative, and technical nuances of the design review process to coexist with the affordances of the new genre of digital media. Thus, this paper presents the final stage of an ongoing study that focuses on the design and evaluation of an interactive communication medium, called SketchBoard, for the design review process. Findings reveal that SketchBoard that embodies intelligent and intelligible behavior could potentially remedy the vagueness of visualization. This could further provide an insight into improving participatory communication and visualization around technical activities within the design review process using mobile interactive surfaces.
Computer Graphics Reflection in African Digital Age Visual Designs
Authors: Oladumiye Bankole E.
Published: September 2015

African concept of visual design was derived from the concept of creation which has been noted to be the exclusive preserved of the gods. Design and art as it were, are created with intrinsic value such as inventions, innovations technical prowess and deep imagination. To create design in Africa content is unique therefore; design forms which keep on occurring in African arts obviously have significance in the life of those who created them for the purpose of aesthetics and beauty in African digital designs This paper is not mere description or just an historical narration of African digital design and visuals but centers on the deviation of African people from their original system of design and imbibing computer graphic digital application as an alternative to pen and paint box creative designs The paper concluded that the conventional African visual designs should be guided against because African design is center on values and experience which is concern with the essence of African personality and existence of transmission of design legacy from parents to children which leads to physical or merit pattern, which later becomes the object of perception, admiration, and utilization. Computer graphics and visual design reflection in African design is therefore cognitive reaction scientifically which implies conceptualization and, inspiration in 21st century.
Telemedicine Program for Management and Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Abelló Pla Anna , Andreu Povar Anna , Esquirol Caussa Jordi , Bayo Tallón Vanessa , Rexachs Dolores , Luque Emilio
Published: September 2015

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), defined as involuntary urine leakage caused by physical activity and/or efforts, is a frequently found pathology among women that significantly affects their quality of life. SUI treatments are often less effective than expected because they require a conscious effort by the patient to follow them correctly and usually have drawbacks, such as their high cost, time, and/or schedule requirements. ICT-mediated Physical Therapy treatment programs can be useful to improve Stress Urinary Incontinence symptoms and pelvic floor function in women while maintaining total confidentiality, with an at home treatment, accomplishing a higher adherence to the treatment, keeping a low budget for the patients, and saving the health systems' economic resources.
Development of a Methodological Approach for Data Quality Ontology in Diabetes Management
Authors: Rahimi Alireza , Parameswaran Nandan , Ray Pradeep Kumar , Taggart Jane , Yu Hairong , Liaw Siaw-Teng
Published: September 2015

The role of ontologies in chronic disease management and associated challenges such as defining data quality (DQ) and its specification is a current topic of interest. In domains such as Diabetes Management, a robust Data Quality Ontology (DQO) is required to support the automation of data extraction semantically from Electronic Health Record (EHR) and access and manage DQ, so that the data set is fit for purpose. A five steps strategy is proposed in this paper to create the DQO which captures the semantics of clinical data. It consists of: (1) Knowledge acquisition; (2) Conceptualization; (3) Semantic modeling; (4) Knowledge representation; and (5) Validation. The DQO was applied to the identification of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in EHRs, which included an assessment of the DQ of the EHR. The five steps methodology is generalizable and reusable in other domains.
Cloud Services for Healthcare
Authors: Koumaditis Konstantinos , Pittas George , Themistocleous Marinos , Vassilacopoulos George , Prentza Andriana , Kyriazis Dimosthenis , Malamateniou Flora
Published: September 2015

Healthcare organisations are forced to reconsider their current business practices and embark on a cloud adoption journey. Cloud-Computing offers important benefits that make it attractive for healthcare (e.g. cost effective model, big data management etc.). Large Information Technology (IT) companies are investing big sums in building infrastructure, services, tools and applications to facilitate Cloud-Computing for healthcare organisations, practitioners and patients. Yet, many challenges that such integration projects contain are still in the e-health research agenda like design and technology requirements to handle big volume of data, ensure scalability and user satisfaction to name a few. The purpose of this chapter is (a) to address the Cloud-Computing services for healthcare in the form of a Personal Healthcare record (PHR) and (b) demonstrate a multidisciplinary project. In doing so, the authors aim at increasing the awareness of this important endeavour and provide insights on Cloud-Computing e-health services for healthcare organisations.
The Benefits of Big Data Analytics in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Darrel Andrea , Hume Margee , Hardie Timothy , Soar Jeffery
Published: September 2015

The benefits of big data analytics in the healthcare sector are assumed to be substantial, and early proponents have been very enthusiastic (Chen, Chiang, & Storey, 2012), but little research has been carried out to confirm just what those benefits are, and to whom they accrue (Bollier, 2010). This chapter presents an overview of existing literature that demonstrates quantifiable, measurable benefits of big data analytics, confirmed by researchers across a variety of healthcare disciplines. The chapter examines aspects of clinical operations in healthcare including Cost Effectiveness Research (CER), Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDS), Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM), Personalized Medicine (PM), as well as several public health initiatives. This examination is in the context of searching for the benefits described resulting from the deployment of big data analytics. Results indicate the principle benefits are delivered in terms of improved outcomes for patients and lower costs for healthcare providers.
E-Government for Health Facilities in Africa
Authors: Macharia Paul , Kimanga Davies , Kamau Onesimus
Published: September 2015

Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) face healthcare worker shortages, skill mix imbalances, and maldistributions; there is concern in their quality and productivity. Africa's infrastructural developments also are way behind the rest of the world, and this gap is widening. Scalable, cost-effective, and long-term strategies in healthcare services are greatly needed. This chapter explores how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) could play an important role in improving healthcare. Components of e-health, an emerging field in medicine, clinical care, and public health are discussed. The role of m-health is explored, identifying the benefits of integrating mobile phone technologies in healthcare. To meet the health financing deficiencies, the chapter also explores how Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) could drive healthcare professionals' productivity through increased workplace flexibility.
Use and Reuse of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ceruti Michele , Geninatti Silvio , Siliquini Roberta
Published: September 2015

Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a term with several meanings, even if its very definition allows distinguishing it from other electronic records of healthcare interest, such as Electronic Medical Records (EMR) and Personal Health Records (PHR). EMR is the electronic evolution of paper-based medical records, while PHR is mainly the collection of health-related information of a single individual. All of these have many points in common, but the interchangeable use of the terms leads to several misunderstandings and may threaten the validity and reliability of EHR applications. EHRs are more structured and conform to interoperability standards, and include a huge quantity of data of very large populations. Thus, they have proven to be useful for both theoretical and practical purposes, especially for Public Health issues. In this chapter, the authors argue that the appropriate use of EHR requires a realistic comprehensive concept of e-health by all the involved professions. They also show that a change in the “thinking” of e-health is necessary in order to achieve tangible results of improvement in healthcare services through the use of EHR.
Collaborative Participation in Personalized Health through Mobile Diaries
Authors: Arslan Pelin
Published: September 2015

Mobile and social media tools offer new opportunities for a more user centered, socially connected, and economically sustainable healthcare systems. A major focus of this chapter is to understand how to bring users to involve in their own everyday health management through mobile narratives, and new media as social platforms to incite social interaction in promoting healthier lifestyles. More in detail, the study discusses the utility of geo-located video diaries and social network, where the social interaction on the web and user-recorded video diaries create awareness and help subjects to self-reflect on their activities and aim to think for a health behavior change. The chapter experiences a focus project Locast Health Diary aims to provide a helpful set of tools for teen's risk at obesity to record their socio- psychological environment and everyday health routines through participatory workshops and evaluate the use of health diary tools for confronting obesity problems.
Participatory Mapping Approaches to Coordinate the Emergency Response of Spontaneous Volunteers after Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Wridt Pamela , Seley John E. , Fisher Scott , DuBois Bryce
Published: September 2015

This article demonstrates the potential of participatory mapping approaches to coordinate spontaneous volunteers and assist government agencies and humanitarian organizations in emergency contexts. The research focuses on one case study of a volunteer mapping project in the Rockaways in New York City to help communicate the needs reported by community members to outsiders after Hurricane Sandy. The map proved to be helpful in the coordination of relief efforts by volunteers and in understanding the variety of groups involved in emergency response. However, the map could not be sustained for long-term community recovery. The research offers new evidence of the potential contributions of spontaneous volunteers that can be leveraged, replicated and improved upon for future disaster planning and response. It also highlights the importance of volunteered geographic information in ensuring that emergency response is guided by the needs reported by citizens themselves, even if they do not have access to technology.
The Internet of Things and Opportunities for Pervasive Safety Monitored Health Environments
Authors: Michell Vaughan A.
Published: September 2015

This chapter discusses the opportunities for new ubiquitous computing technologies, with concentration on the Internet of Things (IoT), to improve patient safety and quality. The authors focus on elective or planned surgical interventions, although the technology is applicable to primary and trauma care. The chapter is divided into three main sections with section 1 covering medical error issues and mechanisms, section 2 introducing Internet of Things, and section 3 discussing how IoT capabilities may address and reduce medical errors. The authors explore the existing theory of errors expounded by Reason (Reason, 2000, 1998; Leape, 1994) to identify perception-, decision-, and knowledge-based medical errors and related processes, environments, and cultural drivers causing error. The authors then introduce the technology of the Internet of Things and identify a range of capabilities from sensing, tracking, control, cooperative, and semantic reasoning. They then show how these new capabilities might be applied to reduce the errors expounded by the discussed error theories. They identify that: IoT enables augmentation of objects, which provides a massive increase in information transfer, thus improving clinician perception and support for decision-making and problem solving; IoT provides a host of additional observers and opportunities, which can shift the focus of overworked clinicians from constant monitoring to undertaking complex actions, such as decision making and care; IoT networks of sensors and actuators, through the addition of semantic and contextual rules, support decision making and facilitate automated monitoring and control of pervasive safety-monitored health environments, thus reducing clinician workload.
Mobile Technologies in the Emergency Department
Authors: Dexheimer Judith W. , Borycki Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2015

Hand-held and mobile technology is steadily expanding in popularity throughout the world. Mobile technologies (e.g. mobile phones, tablets, and smart phones) are increasingly being used in Emergency Departments (ED) around the world. As part of this international trend towards introducing mobile technologies into the ED, health professionals (e.g. physicians, nurses) are now being afforded opportunities to access patient information and decision supports anywhere and anytime in the ED. In this chapter, the authors present a model that describes the current state of the research involving mobile device use in the ED, and they identify key future directions where mobile technology use is concerned.
Inflammatory Pseudotumors after Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tufan Asli , Bahat Gulistan
Published: September 2015

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT) are rare tumors that occur in various organs and tissues. The clinical picture varies from the more frequent benign lesions to rare malignant tumors with distant metastases. IPTs associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is rarely reported. In this article, we review the reports of IPT after HSCT. We also review the possible factors involved in the pathogenesis. IPT may be rare but they are a potentially serious complication of HSCT. A knowledge of these entities and insistence on a definitive biopsy of mass lesions in the post-HSCT period can avoid unnecessary treatment such as radical surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Long Standing Eculizumab Treatment without Anticoagulant Therapy in High-Risk Thrombogenic Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Al-Jafar Hassan A. , AlDallal Salma M. , Askar Haifa A. , Aljeraiwi Ali M. , Al-Alansari Ahmad
Published: September 2015

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an ultra-orphan disease affecting all hematopoietic cell types. The abnormality of red blood cells in this disease predisposes to intravascular complement-mediated hemolysis. Eculizumab is an orphan drug used to treat this rare disease. Thrombosis is the key cause of death in PNH patients in about 40% to 67% of cases. We report the case of a woman presenting with PNH complicated with serious Budd-Chiari syndrome thrombosis and with a stent inserted in the portal vein. She refused to take any anticoagulant treatment since she commenced eculizumab 4 years before. No thrombotic events happened since that time. This case could add an extra benefit for eculizumab, which could be used as an anti-thromboembolic prophylactic agent in PNH, especially in patients with thrombocytopenia, where the use of anticoagulant agents is extremely hazardous. More randomized studies might establish the use of eculizumab without anticoagulants to avoid serious bleeding that could happen in thrombocytopenic PNH patients.
Interstitial Lung Disease with ANCA-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Katsumata Yasuhiro , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Yamanaka Hisashi
Published: September 2015

The association between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), particularly microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), has been described in a number of case reports and case series reports in the last 2 decades. In addition, patients with pulmonary fibrosis and ANCA positivity but without other manifestations of systemic vasculitis have also been reported. Pulmonary fibrosis was clinically manifested at the time of diagnosis in the majority of AAV patients that developed this condition. Moreover, ANCA-positive conversion occurs in patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and as a result, other manifestations of systemic vasculitis develop in some of these patients. There is significant predominance of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and MPA in patients with AAV and ILD. Radiological and pathological findings generally demonstrate usual interstitial pneumonia (pattern) in the lungs of these patients. In most studies, AAV patients with ILD have a worse prognosis than those without it.
A Note on Fine Graphs and Homological Isoperimetric Inequalities
Authors: Martínez-Pedroza Eduardo
Published: September 2015

In the framework of homological characterizations of relative hyperbolicity, Groves and Manning posed the question of whether a simply connected 2-complex X with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality, a bound on the length of attachingmaps of 2-cells, and finitely many 2-cells adjacent to any edge must have a fine 1-skeleton. We provide a positive answer to this question. We revisit a homological characterization of relative hyperbolicity and show that a group G is hyperbolic relative to a collection of subgroups P if and only if G acts cocompactly with ûnite edge stabilizers on a connected 2-dimensional cell complex with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality and P is a collection of representatives of conjugacy classes of vertex stabilizers.
Statecharts and State Chart XML as a Modeling Technique in Web Engineering
Authors: Brüggemann-Klein Anne , Sayih Marouane , Keskivov Zlatina
Published: September 2015

Domain-driven design is a methodology that attempts to improve software development by focusing on domain terminology and functionality. It encourages collaboration between technical and domain experts by making an explicit technology-independent model that is iteratively refined. Many modeling languages exist. This paper examines the use of statecharts and their XML encoding, State Charts XML (SCXML), as a language for modeling the behavioral aspects of a reactive system. The use case presented in this paper is GameX, an interactive browser-based game where players operate on a map of towns and fields. We demonstrate that SCXML-encoded statecharts can be used to describe complex models during the software development process. Not only can these models be used to drive new development, but modeling already deployed systems in this way can provide a deeper understanding of their behavior.
Calling things by their true names
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: September 2015

One of Leibniz’s many projects for improving the world involved the construction of an encyclopedia which would lay out the body of existing knowledge and enable the systematic development of more. Ideally, the encyclopedia should be formulated in a philosophical language and written in a real character (a set of symbols, a universal character set, whose symbols denote not the words of a natural language but the objects of the real world). Properly constructed, the real character would enable a calculus of reasoning: a set of mechanical rules for logical inference. We may smile at Leibniz’s idealism; few modern minds can share his optimism that we can reduce all complex concepts to uniquely determined combinations of primitive atomic ideas. But there is a reason Leibniz’s ideas continue to inspire modern readers, and many of the same ideals motivate some of our best work in markup languages.
The art of the elevator pitch
Authors: Usdin B. Tommie
Published: September 2015

Many of us at Balisage feel that the universe (or our organization, sponsor, client, or mother-in-law) doesn’t sufficiently appreciate or respect technologies we know could significantly improve the world. XSLT, techniques for processing overlap, DITA, XQuery, HTML5, even XML, are not given the attention they deserve. People aren’t listening! This is our fault, at least in part. We as a community need to learn to say less and communicate more, and more persuasively.
Postural and dynamic analysis of the human body: The relevance of the functional modulator factors in the methodological design
Authors: Puig-Diví Albert , Prats-Puig Anna
Published: September 2015

Functional studies analyze the interaction between the human body and its environment studying both, the posture and the movement. It is well known that at the Universities where health science and sports studies are taught there is a need to raise academic activities involving functional studies.

The main objective is to make awareness of the factors that can modulate a certain function in the human body and must be well known for university students to perform a good research projects and career. To do this, we present a detailed list of intrinsic and extrinsic functional modulator factors (FMF) of the human body and propose a new methodology to teach those skills. During both, the project data collection and data reduction, FMF such as sitting and standing postures or walking, running and jumping movements must be taken into account. The recognition of the FMF that may influence the results must be previously known and identified to succeed in the methodological design of functional studies of the human body.
The novelty of our work is not to direct the attention to the lecturer but to focus it to the student’s academic support to accomplish the active work like the fieldwork presented in this paper. In conclusion, the understanding of the FMF by university students using fieldwork activities during their degree would help them to develop a critical attitude in terms of validity and scientific evidence.
 

 
Improved simulation of tropospheric ozone by a global-multi-regional two-way coupling model system
Authors: Yan Y.-Y. , Lin J.-T. , Chen J. , Hu L.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Small-scale nonlinear chemical and physical processes over pollution source regions affect the global ozone (O3) chemistry, but these processes are not captured by current global chemical transport models (CTMs) and chemistry-climate models that are limited by coarse horizontal resolutions (100–500 km, typically 200 km). These models tend to contain large (and mostly positive) tropospheric O3 biases in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we use a recently built two-way coupling system of the GEOS-Chem CTM to simulate the global tropospheric O3 in 2009. The system couples the global model (at 2.5° long. × 2° lat.) and its three nested models (at 0.667° long. × 0.5° lat.) covering Asia, North America and Europe, respectively. Benefiting from the high resolution, the nested models better capture small-scale processes than the global model alone. In the coupling system, the nested models provide results to modify the global model simulation within respective nested domains while taking the lateral boundary conditions from the global model. Due to the "coupling" effects, the two-way system significantly improves the tropospheric O3 simulation upon the global model alone, as found by comparisons with a suite of ground (1420 sites from WDCGG, GMD, EMEP, and AQS), aircraft (HIPPO and MOZAIC), and satellite measurements (two OMI products). Compared to the global model alone, the two-way coupled simulation enhances the correlation in day-to-day variation of afternoon mean O3 with the ground measurements from 0.53 to 0.68, and it reduces the mean model bias from 10.8 to 6.7 ppb in annual average afternoon O3. Regionally, the coupled model reduces the bias by 4.6 ppb over Europe, 3.9 ppb over North America, and 3.1 ppb over other regions. The two-way coupling brings O3 vertical profiles much closer to the HIPPO (for remote areas) and MOZAIC (for polluted regions) data, reducing the tropospheric (0–9 km) mean bias by 3–10 ppb at most MOZAIC sites and by 5.3 ppb for HIPPO profiles. The two-way coupled simulation also reduces the global tropospheric column ozone by 3.0 DU (9.5 %, annual mean), bringing them closer to the OMI data in all seasons. Simulation improvements are more significant in the northern hemisphere, and are primarily a result of improved representation of urban-rural contrast and other small-scale processes. The two-way coupled simulation also reduces the global tropospheric mean hydroxyl radical by 5 % with enhancements by 5 % in the lifetimes of methyl chloroform (from 5.58 to 5.87 yr) and methane (from 9.63 to 10.12 yr), bringing them closer to observation-based estimates. Improving model representations of small-scale processes are a critical step forward to understanding the global tropospheric chemistry.
A novel approach for the extraction of cloud motion vectors using airglow imager measurements
Authors: Satheesh Kumar S. , Narayana Rao T. , Taori A.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The paper explores the possibility of implementing an advanced photogrammetric technique, generally employed for satellite measurements, on airglow imager, a ground-based remote sensing instrument primarily used for upper atmospheric studies, measurements of clouds for the extraction of cloud motion vectors (CMVs). The major steps involved in the algorithm remain the same, including image processing for better visualization of target elements and noise removal, identification of target cloud, setting a proper search window for target cloud tracking, estimation of cloud height, and employing 2-D cross-correlation to estimate the CMVs. Nevertheless, the implementation strategy at each step differs from that of satellite, mainly to suit airglow imager measurements. For instance, climatology of horizontal winds at the measured site has been used to fix the search window for target cloud tracking. The cloud height is estimated very accurately, as required by the algorithm, using simultaneous collocated lidar measurements. High-resolution, both in space and time (4 min), cloud imageries are employed to minimize the errors in retrieved CMVs. The derived winds are evaluated against MST radar-derived winds by considering it as a reference. A very good correspondence is seen between these two wind measurements, both showing similar wind variation. The agreement is also found to be good in both the zonal and meridional wind velocities with RMSEs < 2.4 m s−1. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the algorithm are discussed, with possible solutions, wherever required.
MOPS-1.0: towards a model for the regulation of the global oceanic nitrogen budget by marine biogeochemical processes
Authors: Kriest I. , Oschlies A.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Global models of the oceanic nitrogen cycle are subject to many uncertainties regarding the representation of the relevant biogeochemical processes and of the feedbacks between nitrogen sources and sinks that determine space- and timescales on which the global nitrogen budget is regulated. We investigate these aspects using a global model of ocean biogeochemistry that explicitly considers phosphorus and nitrogen, including pelagic denitrification and nitrogen fixation as sink and source terms of fixed nitrogen, respectively. The model explores different parameterizations of organic matter sinking speed, oxidant affinity of oxic and suboxic remineralization, and regulation of nitrogen fixation by temperature and different stoichiometric ratios. Examination of the initial transient behavior of different model setups initialized from observed biogeochemical tracer distributions reveal changes in simulated nitrogen inventories and fluxes particularly during the first centuries. Millennial timescales have to be resolved in order to bring all biogeochemical and physical processes into a dynamically consistent steady state. Analysis of global properties suggests that not only particularly particle sinking speed but also the parameterization of denitrification determine the extent of oxygen minimum zones, global nitrogen fluxes, and hence the oceanic nitrogen inventory. However, the ways and directions in which different parameterizations of particle sinking, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification affect the global diagnostics are different suggesting that these may, in principle, be constrained independently from each other. Analysis of the model misfit with respect to observed biogeochemical tracer distributions and fluxes suggests a particle flux profile close to the one suggested by Martin et al. (1987). Simulated pelagic denitrification best agrees with the lower values between 59 and 84 Tg N yr−1 recently estimated by other authors.