bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of structural organization of model soil constructions with different structure in conditions of Moscow
Authors: Suslenkova M M , Umarova A B , Aleksandrova M S , Gasina A I , Butylkina M A , Kokoreva A A
Published: November 2019

Three variants of model soil constructions were created. Variant 1 (control) is made from Aarable horizon (0-18cm); variant 2 (layered construction) is represented by Aarable horizon (0-6cm), lowland peat (6-12cm), sand (12-18cm); variant 3 is a mixture of Aarable horizon, peat and sand in the same mass proportion as in the layered variant (0-18cm). Water retention capacity of Aarable horizon increased in all variants regardless of the location in the profile. Number of macropores increased and number of mezopores decreased in Aarable horizon of control and layered variants. The greatest number of moisture-saiving pores is observed in the peat-containing layers of variants 2 and 3 as a result of 4-year functioning. The lowest content is in the control in all layers.
Mapping Electronic Waste Flows in Depok, West Java
Authors: Ardi R , Handafiah F
Published: November 2019

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a relatively new issue in Indonesia. Policies and regulations regarding electronic waste in Indonesia are still under development and preparation. Also, the physical presence of electronic waste, except used batteries, is not managed yet, especially in the waste management chain. In some regions, especially in Java, the recovery and the handling of electronic waste such as demolition, separation of parts, old product restoration, and metal recovery are carried out by the informal sector. The informal sector handles almost 90% of the total waste produced, mainly from households, offices, commercial areas, recovery materials, and reconditioned products. Nevertheless, e-waste was not commonly found in public landfills, indicative of its valued nature. Previous studies have figured out that e-waste is flowing through several informal processes with rudimentary technology. This study aimed to understand the role of formal and informal actors in the flow and fate of e-waste in Depok, as well as how various actors interacted and differentially benefited from these flows. The results indicated that informal actors were the predominant force in the collection and sorting of e-waste from households. This research suggests that informal actors, who play such an essential role in the current system, should be incorporated into any new regulatory and management schemes, as is currently being developed by the Indonesian government.
Thermal Degradation and Kinetic Study of Cassava Rhizome for Torrefaction Application
Authors: Sirinwaranon P , Atong D , Sricharoenchaikul V
Published: November 2019

Thermal decomposition kinetics of cassava rhizome (CR) is an important key in the torrefaction process. Kinetic analysis of the cassava rhizome torrefaction was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser in which CR weight loss is measured under nitrogen atmosphere from ambient temperature to 973K at 5, 10, 20, and 30 K·min−1. Two model-free iso-conversional methods, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) have been used to determine activation energies as a function of the extent of degradation. In this work, the CR particles were separated into 3 study groups, 0.125-0.425 mm, 0.425-0.850, and 0.850-2 mm. The average activation energies calculated by using the methods are relatively similar for all three-particle size samples. The average activation energy values calculated by FWO method were 170.509, 172.593, and 130.149 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These data were comparable to KAS method in which the average activation energy numbers were 170.647, 177.276, and 128.620 kJ·mol−1. Both methods indicated that the activation energy was relatively constant until the conversion of 0.5. The pre-exponential factor values from FWO and KAS ranged 4.87E+17 s−1 and 7.28E+14 s−1, respectively. The experimental results show that kinetic parameters from both methods are suitable and effective to help describe the thermal degradation of the cassava rhizome.
A Review of Mineral Carbonation from Industrial Waste
Authors: Song Xiao , Xiaoyu Chen , Lin Qi , Yanna Liu
Published: November 2019

For relieving CO2emissions and climate change, carbon sequestration and storage has been paid more attention. Mineral carbonation technology is a process that the calcium and/or magnesium-containing minerals react with CO2to form stable carbonate precipitation, which in turn fixes CO2. It originates from natural rock weathering process that calcium and magnesium-containing rocks react with CO2dissolved in rain water to form carbonate minerals. The source of mineral carbonation is the solid containing calcium and magnesium compound. The classification of mineral carbonation including direct and indirect mineral carbonation is indicated, and the descriptions of extraction by different extract agent have been given. The pretreatments, operation conditions and reaction kinetics are also discussed. Furthermore, the different processes by carbonizing from industrial waste are reviewed and the energy loss and cost are also described.
Bioremediation of Chromium Smelting Slag by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB)
Authors: Yan X , Liu X Y , Zhang M J , Cui X L , Zhong J , Hu X W
Published: November 2019

The remediation of chromium smelting slag was investigated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This research showed that removal rate of Cr(VI) was 49.78% and 4.21% in remediation group and control group for 60 days, respectively. Analysis of the physiochemical index, chemical speciation and microbial community, the result indicated that redox potential decreased to -246mV and pH value changed to neutral in remediation process. After the remediation of 60 days, chemical fractions of chromium had a noticeable change from dissolved state (water-soluble, exchangeable fraction and carbonate fractions) to stable state, chromium was most in the fraction of organics and residuals, which meant chromium was stable and would not be released into environment; simultaneously, microbial community structure had also significant different between remediation group and control group, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) increased and became dominant microbial on the ratio of remediation group, therefore, the treatment of chromium contaminated soil by microbial remediation both removed Cr(VI) and decreased its environmental risks.
Creepers Vertical Greening Strategies on High-rise Building
Authors: Haiying Li
Published: November 2019

Vertical greening has many advantages, such as saving energy, relieving heat island effect, increasing green vision rate and beautifying the environment. Vertical greening of high-rise buildings requires more consideration in plant selection, irrigation, storage and drainage and safety. This paper introduces the classification and method of vertical greening of high-rise buildings with climbing plants, emphatically introduces the support system of vertical greening, selection principle and greening effect, and makes a comparison. It is pointed out that vertical greening with climbing plants is economical, simple and feasible.
Study on the Construction Value and Development Strategy of Ecological Sports Park under the Background of Sponge City
Authors: Xing Qunli
Published: November 2019

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization construction, the “seeing the sea” of the city that is raining and flooding has been solved in the “sponge city” strategy of “breathing”. Guizhou Province actively develops the strategic arrangement of sponge city, Put forward taking the harmonious symbiosis of the public fitness and ecological environment as the carrier. Integrating sports competition and tourism, the “sponge type” ecological sports park is planned and built with “sports” to promote “tourism”. This paper uses literature, field research and other research methods, combined with the topographical characteristics of “mountain, water, forest” in Guizhou Province, taking ecological sports park as the research object, in order to provide advice and suggestions for the scientific and rational construction of green ecological sports park.
Research on Ecological Compensation Standard and Spatial Optimization of the Five Major River Basins in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Xiong Kai , Kong Fanbin , Wang Ben , Dai Yanzhi
Published: November 2019

Based on the actual situation of the river basin in Jiangxi Province and the related literature, we construct an estimation model for the ecological compensation standards of the Fiver Major River Basins in Jiangxi Province, and have measured the ecological compensation standard of each research area. We use ArcGis and Geoda software to analyze spatial autocorrelation and hotspots of ecological compensation standards. The above research results are used as the basis for spatial optimization of watershed ecological compensation standards, contributing to the further improvement of ecological compensation ofthe Five Major River Basins in Jiangxi Province.
I-res intelligent system for multi-factor risk control of accidents and the technical condition of the main gas pipeline
Authors: Zemenkova M Yu , Dubrovin D D , Shagbanov I F , Zemenkov Yu D
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with improving the reliability and safety management system of the linear part of the main gas pipeline. At the Department of Transport of Hydrocarbon Resources, Industrial University of Tyumen, research is being carried out to develop a system for multi-factor risk control of accidents and the technical condition of hydrocarbon transport systems. As an example, an algorithm for monitoring the technical condition and safety of local sections of the pipeline was developed, a software product “I-ReS” (intelligent, reliability, safety) was developed as part of the CI-TREMS system, which allows real-time monitoring of the technical condition and safety of the main gas pipeline.
Modelling the stress-strain state of tubular springs in the ANSYS software package
Authors: Pirogov S P , Cherentsov D A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of calculating the stresses and strains of manometric tubular springs under loading by internal pressure and external force. For research, the finite element method implemented in the ANSYS program was used. The problems of constructing a grid model of the tubular element were solved, the displacements of the free end and stresses from internal pressure were determined, and the maximum permissible pressure value was found.
Environmental safety estimation of drill cuttings using a composition mixture based on zeolite
Authors: Agoshkov A I , Tretyakova M O , Moskovaia I V , Brusentsova T A
Published: November 2019

Drill cuttings is a complex mixture of spent drilling mud with various additives having different chemical properties and drilled solids, and which significantly pollutes the environment when it is buried. This article proposes and studies a zeolite-based composite mixture that converts drill cuttings into environmentally friendly soil. As a result of the experiment, samples of model drill cuttings and soil with different holding times are obtained. A sequential extraction method is used to determine the degree of metal desorption in a laboratory study of samples. The analysis consists of an estimation of metals content (gross form and extracts in 3 extractants), the content of petroleum products and pH value. Concentrations of metals in both gross and mobile form in the processed drill cuttings have significantly decreased in comparison with the original drill cuttings, and do not exceed standard values. Also, oil concentration in the soil is lower than in the drill cuttings. pH reaction has decreased from alkaline to neutral. The proposed zeolite-containing composite mixture allows implementing drill cuttings as a new, sustainable in the environment, useful product.
Directed protection of the generator
Authors: Buryanina N S , Korolyuk Y F , Koryakina M L , Lesnykh E V , Suslov K V
Published: November 2019

In addition to periodic components of industrial frequency, the aperiodic ones arise in windings and on the generator output leads under the conditions of shortcuts. These aperiodic components slow down the operation of the main differential protection of a generator up to ten periods of a network frequency with the application of saturated magnetic cores of current transformers as well as zero current relays and transformer differential protection [1]. This slowing down promotes accidents and can even lead to generator’s winding and steel burn-out at high-ampere currents. The present paper considers the ways to reduce the impact of aperiodic components on the operation of digital relay protection of generators and generator-transformer blocks and proposes generator’s directional digital protection.
Assessment of snow cover pollution of the mining area
Authors: Suyundukov Ya T , Semenova I N , Khasanova R F , Rafikova Yu S , Suyundukova M B , Ilbulova G R , Papyan E E
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the work is to assess snow cover pollution of Sibay city with sulfates and heavy metals. The paper presents snow cover study conducted in January-February 2019 in accordance with the requirements of generally accepted regulatory and procedural documents [11–12]. The site near the pond in the northern part of the city was as a conditional background. The paper describes the analysis of samples for the content of heavy metals carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the sulfate concentration measured by the photometric method. The study used pH-meter to determine the pH. To calculate the total pollution indicator the study used obtained results. Snow sulfate pollution was at the admissible level. The highest content of sulfates was in the area of industrial enterprises (the excess of background indicators was in the range of 5.1–11.1 times). The study revealed polyelement pollution of snow with such metals as (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in the zone of quarry emissions. Snow cover next to the pit dumps has a moderately dangerous pollution category. Copper and zinc make the main contribution to pollution. Thus, the activity of mining enterprises contributes to the accumulation of elevated concentrations of metals in the atmospheric surface layers, which negatively affects the ecological and hygienic situation in the region.
Adapted methodology for comprehensive contamination assessment of bottom sediments on the content of various forms of heavy metals
Authors: Valiev V S , Ivanov D V , Ziganshin I I , Aleksandrova A B , Khasanov R R , Shamaev D E , Malanin V V
Published: November 2019

As a result of long-term studies of bottom sediments of lakes, rivers, ponds and reservoirs of the Republic of Tatarstan, considerable factual material has been accumulated, which enabled the translation of quantitative estimates into qualitative characteristics. This necessitated a comprehensive assessment and generalization of the exceedance of the thresholds set for all metals, similarly to the specific combinatorial water pollution index (SCWPI). At the same time, the authors emphasize the features of such a comprehensive assessment of bottom sediments, and also suggest methods and algorithms for solving emerging problems. We use the method of frequency characteristics of data series of metal content (Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe) in bottom sediments, score the relevant characteristics, generalize the point estimates and bring them to the appropriate classes of purity. As a result, a method for the integrated assessment of contamination of bottom sediments was developed and tested, which solves the problem of the integral assessment of the quality of bottom sediments in terms of a complex of pollutants using the example of heavy metals. The method is based on the approach of the SCWPI. Therefore, its results are comparable to combinatorial assessments of water quality, which will allow deriving a uniform assessment of the water body as a whole.
A new efficient method of adaptive filter using the Galois field arithmetic
Authors: Alaeddine H H , Charafeddine K , Vikhrov M E
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes an efficiently implementation of Multi-Delay Filter Block Recursive Least Squares (MDF-BRLS) algorithm. This implementation uses a particular transform that is defined on a finite ring of integers with arithmetic carried out modulo Fermat numbers. In term of performances, this Fermat Number Transforms (FNT) is ideally suited to digital computation, requiring approximately Nlog2
N additions, subtractions and bit shifts, but no multiplications unlike the Fourier transform (FFT). FNT implementation results confirm that the MDF-BRLS adaptive filter can implement with smallest computational complexity compared with an implementation using the Fourier transform.
Legal aspects of regulation of real estate services in the real estate market
Authors: Andreeva Tatiana
Published: November 2019

Legal regulation of realtors activities in the provision of services in the realestate market is an urgent need, a problem facing the Russian legislator.the current system of voluntary certification of real estate services, unfortunately, is not enough for effective regulationof real estate activities, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers real estate services.
The development from special economic zone (SEZ) to free trade zone (FTZ) of China
Authors: Na Bao
Published: November 2019

The experience of many countries shows that the presence of high innovative potential is a necessary factor of economic growth in the modern world. The establishment of special economic zones at the early stage of the policy of reform and opening up helped to reduce its cost. If the establishment of special economic zones reflects the Chinese characteristics (road of socialism with Chinese characteristics), the establishment of free trade zones reflects its universality.
Investigation of thermal conductivity of non-autoclaved foam concrete based on microsilica
Authors: Baranova Albina , Ryabkov Igor
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the thermal conductivity of non-autoclaved foam concrete based on microsilica, depending on its average density and humidity. It is established that the decrease of the average density of foam concrete from 800 to 400 kg/m3 leads to a decrease the thermal conductivity coefficient by 44,9 %. The coefficients of thermal conductivity of the dry samples are about two times lower than the same samples at their natural humidity.
Urban topology of university campus
Authors: Bolshakov Andrey
Published: November 2019

The subject of research is university spatial development. Universities have either a dispersed model of placement of academic buildings, student accommodations and additional facilities, or develop in the form of a campus. A developed campus is characterized by completeness of functions, organized arrangement of places, and effective coherence of parts. The campus has external and internal connections. External connections integrate the campus with urban transport. Internal connections unite parts of the campus into a single whole and provide it with relative autonomy. The useful mobility coefficient in the spatial structure of the university is proposed. Spatial coherence and organization of campus elements is a factor in the university success, at least among other factors that have different origin.
Optimization of the sewerage systems scheme of cities and populated areas
Authors: Chupin Roman , Pham Ngoc Minh , Chupin Victor
Published: November 2019

Lake Baikal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This unique lake is by nature, by the purity and depth of the waters, by the diversity of the lake fauna and flora. The rules for the use of the Baikal waters, its territory, and the forest fund are strictly regulated by the Federal Law “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”. This law restricts economic activity within 200 km of the guard zone. In a difficult situation there are settlements located on the shore of the lake, especially those found in the territory of national parks and reserves. However, the prohibitive measures are not able to stop the development of tourism, which is increasing every year. Only “Small” Sea and Olkhon Island are visited annually by over half a million visitors from different countries. The most attractive zone for the development of tourism and recreation is the middle zone of Baikal, the territory of which falls within the boundaries of the National Park. Many tourist centers arise spontaneously and do not correspond to modern technologies of their organization and the requirements of the protection of Baikal. Practically, nowhere there are no treatment facilities. Only cesspools are used, from which drains drain into the ground and enter Baikal. Therefore, the issues of water disposal for this area are relevant. The paper proposes a new method for substantiating options for centralization of wastewater treatment, including optimization of the technology for transporting effluents to sewage treatment plants. With the help of this technique, the system of wastewater disposal from the territory of Olkhon Island and the coast of the “Small Sea” has been justified.
Modern trends of development of transport infrastructure
Authors: Golskay Y N
Published: November 2019

Transport infrastructure is a system-forming element of the infrastructure complex of the Russian economy, which operates on a national scale as a single system. The results of the functioning of the transport infrastructure have an impact on the overall parameters of the country’s life. The features of infrastructure benefits are identified and the trends affecting the development of transport infrastructure are determined. Directions and problems of digitalization of transport infrastructure in Russia are dentified, among them – the use of blockchain technologies. These trends indicate revolutionary changes in the way of life and the needs of society, which will affect the development of transport infrastructure. In turn, transport infrastructure is becoming not just an important factor, but to some extent the basis of a new way of active life, which determines its importance for economic development. The application of blockchain technologies in transport infrastructure is analyzed. The problems of blockchain technologies application in the development of transport infrastructure are revealed.
Preparation and holding of business games implementation of e-learning students of the construction areas
Authors: Ivanova Margarita , Ivanov Andrey
Published: November 2019

The students of the specialty “Energoeffektivnosti and ecology sustainability of buildings” shall in addition to the standards ESKD and SPDS to study the environmental safety standards products, ISO 14000, along with the use of electronic templates to be able to independently carry out the design documents of related industries, including engineering drawings. To increase interest in the topic “Engineering drawings”, motivation to acquire knowledge necessary to use adaptive instructional techniques.
Institutional environment for the development of digital economy and blockchain technologies in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kaluzhnova Nadezhda , Kosykh Egor , Frolov Ilya
Published: November 2019

The digital economy, along with new opportunities, presents new challenges. Along with distributed registry technology called blockchain, the economy includes cryptocurrencies. A whole area of cryptoeconomics is emerging, and its development brings new opportunities to reduce the cost of market transactions. At the same time, the spontaneous development of cryptoeconomics has negative effects. Regulation of cryptoeconomics meets the problems of understanding the essence and role of cryptocurrency in the economy. The article deals with the directions of regulation and contradictions arising in the regulation of cryptoeconomics. The interrelation of blockchain and cryptocurrencies is considered. The ways of regulating cryptoeconomics in different countries are shown. Unresolved issues and challenges in the development of blockchain technologies and cryptoeconomics are outlined.
Administrative control of prices in the automotive fuel market
Authors: Kolmakov Alexander , Lokhtina Tatyana
Published: November 2019

The modern Russian economy is a market economy. Of course, it is arguable what kind of capitalism has been formed in Russia. But there is no doubt that most industries are determined by factors comming from a competitive market mechanism. Having replaced directive pricing by market price formation, the reform of 1992 made it possible to balance the consumer goods market and eliminate the total deficit. The disappearance of the deficit was an excellent compensation for the decline in the standard of living of the population; thus, it helped to avoid the most radical forms of social protest. Since then, Russia has gone through hard times causing various deviations from the classical model of the capitalist economy. Until recently, the country’s authorities, who were in charge of the national economic policy, adamantly refused to return to directive pricing model, believing that this step would lead to a significant reduction in economic efficiency. However, in autumn of 2018, the government agreed to the introduction of maximum prices. An extensive industry, commonly referred to as “socially significant”, has seen those regulations. It is the market of automotive fuel. This decision means that in the near future we will witness quite a rare economic experiment of the present time. It will allow researchers to test the universality of economic laws, as well as to examine the specific modes and mechanisms by means of which these laws influences our life.
Co-working: gentrification method, “third place” and/or new form of educational environment organization
Authors: Korelina Mirya , Zheleznyak Olga
Published: November 2019

The article is dedicated to the research of the co-working phenomenon presenting a new type of the object, new type of the form of the city and society qualitative life. Having quite a broad geography, functional variety, variety of city-planning situations, a wide range of space-planning and descriptive solutions, co-working is interpreted as a specific “third place”, educational space, a new type of an efficient production facility as well as a new integral environment corresponding to the lifestyle of modern digital nomads. An active development of educational functions makes co-working an integral part of educational institutions. The paper proposes a concept for forming the cluster “IRNITU Co-working” serving as a means for gentrification of the Campus territory, new form of the “third place” of a modern university, image space and educational hub; discusses the results of the use of IRNITU co-working.
Computer processing of distorted video sequences obtained by mobile road laboratories
Authors: Martyanov Vladimir , Katashevtsev Mikhail
Published: November 2019

One of the most promising road TPC diagnosis areas is computer processing of data obtained by mobile road laboratories equipped with global positioning systems (GPS, GLONASS), inertial navigation systems (INS), complex video and other devices. The aim of the research is to develop new technologies used for computer processing of video sequences obtained by mobile road laboratories equipped with video-recording systems providing minimization of energy and labor costs. The article presents the results of research on the development of software used for processing video sequences obtained by mobile road laboratories equipped with video-recording systems. Works on the use of video processing software published for the last five years were reviews.
Development of methodological approaches to housing investment market competitive environment assessment
Authors: Ovsiannikova Tatiana , Rabtsevich Olga , Yugova Irina
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of housing investment market competitive environment assessment. The aim of the research is to systematize and analyze various methodological approaches to assessing competitive environment in commodity markets. Development of theoretical views on the market’s competitive environment as one of the most significant factors of national economy growth is presented. Classification of methodological approaches on competitive environment assessment based on utilized mathematical tools and comprehensiveness of market coverage is compiled. Market concentration assessment methods are systematized; their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. It is also revealed that the most crucial issue in competitive environment assessment is the accessibility and comprehensiveness of data on entities operating in a particular commodity market.
Determination of the percentage of lime in the strengthening of clay soils using pH
Authors: Plyuta Ksenya
Published: November 2019

The construction of roads is associated with a large resource consumption, including scarce high-strength stone materials. Transportation of these materials over long distances is economically unprofitable, especially for low-cost technical categories. Today, the strengthening of local soils with binders is an important way to be an effective and cost-effective method of construction, reconstruction and overhaul of highways. The most promising mineral binder for strengthening clay soils is lime. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests to determine the percentage of lime, depending on the value of pH.
Main aspects of innovation development of the construction industry
Authors: Pushkalova Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes main aspects of innovation development of the construction industry. The study revealed the relevance of the issue under consideration, studied works dealing with this issue, analyzed the concept “innovation in the construction industry”, identified main requirements to innovation activities in the construction industry, types of innovation activities in the construction industry, examined examples, identified factors hindering development of innovation in the construction industry and suggested measures for their elimination. One of the manifestations of progressive development of technical civilization is improvement of the construction technology, changes in construction processes. In current conditions, it is important to determine the strategy for increasing qualitative and quantitative indicators of the construction industry based on the accurate development forecast which will be probabilistic in nature. In Russia, the modern construction site is significantly different from the one which existed two or three decades ago. It can be argued that the technology of civil construction has changed over the last twenty years.
Experience in the installation of coatings of warm asphalt mixes in the first road-climate zone
Authors: Shaburov Sergey , Polonov Nikolay
Published: November 2019

This article describes in detail the technology of production of low-temperature mixes (warm asphalt-concrete mixes) of type A, B and C using viscous bitumen and the method of its foaming, as well as the construction of road coatings from them in the first road-climatic zone and the results of laboratory studies of mixtures. A schematic diagram of the operation of the foaming equipment for the production of warm asphalt concrete mixes and the principle of its operation are given. The expediency of foaming viscous oil road bitumen was substantiated and confirmed by spraying an asphalt mixing plant in a mixer with a specified amount of water through the nozzles of the dispenser-dispenser of DRV-001 water. This technology is especially relevant for regions with a short duration of the construction season.
Influence of properties and amount of foam on quality of foam concrete
Authors: Shcherbin Sergey , Gorbach Pavel , Savenkov Andrey
Published: November 2019

The article considers influence of nature and amount of foaming agent on stability, multiplicity, strength and coefficient of foam use and also heat conductivity and strength of non autoclaved foam concrete.
Cyclical fluctuations of the Russian economy
Authors: Tyapkina Maria , Mongush Yulia , Ilina Elena
Published: November 2019

The economy is subject to changes. It is characterized by the uneven nature of expanded reproduction: periods of increased production and consumption are combined with recessions and crises; new development trajectories emerge. The cyclical nature of economic development means that the main indicators and parameters of this process are wave-like. Interest in cyclical fluctuations is increasing, especially during crises. Each cycle has its own development and technological structure. New technologies and innovations spread during the upward wave of the subsequent cycle. During the downward wave, the development of the technological structure is slowing down, facing economic and social constraints caused by market limits and insufficient production efficiency. Previously dominant technologies and institutions become exhausted. It creates conditions for the development of new leading technologies, a new technological order and new social institutions. Thus, crises stimulate technological development. The article discusses Kitchin, Juglar, Kuznets, Kondratyev cycles and their regularities. The indicators used for tracking economic cycles, their turning points whose dynamics coincides with cyclical fluctuations of the economy are as follows: GDP growth rate; unemployment rate; consumer price index; investment growth rate; industrial production growth rate; gross saving growth rate; refinancing rate.
Evolvement of Eastern Siberia’s heavy industry: formation experience and modern development trends
Authors: Yvarova Olga
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the experience of Eastern Siberia’s heavy industry evolvement starting from the Soviet times. Based on the analysis of a large number of archival documents, the process of almost all industries’ evolvement in the controlled economy is shown. That allowed the region to develop dynamically. Reconstruction and technical upload, production modernization, encouraging the initiative of workers, moral and financial incentives, improving working and living conditions were the means of enterprises’ growth and development. The idea of integrated development of territories in the form of territorial-industrial complexes (TIC) started to be implemented. Under the conditions of the changed economic paradigm, such new trends as private-public partnership in the development of deposits, increased attention to eastern neighbors, large cross-border and interstate initiatives, and increased attention to ecology began to emerge. In the context of globalization, the One Belt One Road initiative and the development of the Arctic increases the steadiness of the development of Russia and China. Much attention is paid to transport infrastructure. In general, the experience of previous generations is very useful and can serve as a source of dynamic modern development of Siberia.
Traffic intensity on highway R-255 Siberia in Irkutsk region
Authors: Volkova Elena , Stepanenko Anna
Published: November 2019

In modern conditions, traffic intensity and transport composition undergo significant changes. The article aims to study changes in the number of road vehicles on the federal highway R-255 “Siberia” in Irkutsk region. The article presents results of decennial traffic intensity measurements for individual segments of the road. Graphs of distribution of traffic flows were built taking into account types of road transport. Dependences of the traffic intensity on hourly, daily and monthly changes were determined. The share of passenger cars was determined. Changes in the actual average daily intensity were revealed. The result of research is identification of distribution patterns for the types of road transport by road segments and time intervals.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of TiO2/BDD Composite Film Materials
Authors: Ma Yuxiang , Wang Hailong , Zhao Yanjun , Yan Ning
Published: November 2019

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has important applications in the catalytic degradation of wastewater. In this paper, the TiO2 was electro-phoretically deposited onto the silicon-based BDD film by anelectrophoretic deposition method using a butyl titanate (TBOT) as the titanium source. The effect of the deposition time on the electrochemical properties of the TiO2/BDD composites was investigated. The phase and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical and electrochemical properties were characterized by Hall measurement system and electrochemical analyzer. The results showed that the performance of TiO2/BDD composites was significantly higher than that of single BDD electrode materials. The morphology of TiO2 films obtained by TiO2 deposition three times was better.The Hall mobility of most samples has been improved, and the Hall mobility of sample 4 increased to 213 cm2/V·s, which is 3.5 times of the single BDD materials. The electrochemical potential window of sample 4 in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolyte are 4.6 V, 4.3 V, 4.6 V.
Electrochemical synthesis of multilayer graphene oxide and its application in composite materials
Authors: Yakovlev A , Yakovleva E , Tseluikin V , Krasnov V , Mostovoy A
Published: November 2019

An electrochemical method for multilayer graphene oxide production by anodic oxidation of graphite dispersed in sulfuric acid is proposed. The possibility of sequential dispersion of graphite during the electrochemical oxidation and hydrolysis is shown. It was established that the carbon nanostructured materials obtained are prone to agglomeration in aqueous dispersions. After sonication, the particle size of the oxidized graphite was found to significantly decrease with the formation of the multilayer graphene oxide. It was elucidated that the structure of the obtained material consists of multigraphene planes with a thickness of 0.01-0.10 µm, and the pore size is 1-10 µm. The possibility of using the graphene oxide to produce polymer composite materials and composite electrochemical coatings is considered. Regarding the kinetics of the epoxy composition curing, it was observed that the graphene oxide affects the structure formation, which was indicated by an increase in the gel formation duration from 45 to 64 min and curing from 53 to 78 min, with an increase in the maximum curing temperature from 105 to 116 °C. Through the method of thermogravimetric analysis, it was established that the introduction of the graphene oxide reduces the thermal stability of the epoxy composites, but provides increased Vica heat resistance from 100 to 125-158 °C. The width of the passive state area for the nickel-graphene oxide composite electrochemical coating was found to be 1.32-1.40 times higher than that for the pristine nickel coating.
Carbon nanofillers used in epoxy polymeric composites: a brief review
Authors: Blokhin A , Sukhorukov A , Stolyarov R , Zaytsev I , Yashchishin N , Yagubov V
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses scientific publications regarding polymer composites based on epoxy resins, which are the main competitor of many traditional structural materials. The review on carbon nanofillers for composite materials, such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc., is given. Methods for introducing these nanomaterials into different binders are considered, and comparative results of improving the strength characteristics of nanocomposites are presented.
Twinning formation in nanodiamonds after treatment in a planetary mill: HRTEM studies
Authors: Gordeeva T , Kulnitskiy B , Ovsyannikov D , Popov M , Blank V
Published: November 2019

The structure of a powder obtained as a result of processing a mixture of silicon and nano-diamond (1:4 weight ratio) in a planetary mill was studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the obtained material includes diamond nanoparticles with an average grain size of 10 nm, having twins and lonsdaleite interlayers. In the present work, the plastic deformation of the diamond was detected at a temperature below 420 K by the mechanism of mechanical twinning, and the maximum stress in the diamond under the experimental conditions was found to not exceed 6 GPa, which is below the critical shear stresses for diamonds (55 GPa).
Nitration and oxidation of graphite by mechanochemical treatment
Authors: Chaika V , Savin V , Savina L , Zherebtsov I
Published: November 2019

When combining special mechanochemical processing of graphite in high-speed and planetary ball mills and heat treatment, it was revealed that condensed graphene oxide is formed, and a nitrogen-containing carbon phase is synthesized. Melamine was used as the material for introducing nitrogen into the system; during the heat treatment it releases ammonia. Besides, it improves the process of compaction of graphite powders into workpieces in the production of refractive X-ray optics. The mechanochemical synthesis of graphite with melamine (not more than 1 wt.%) and two-stage annealing at 360 and 450 °C leads to the formation of some forms of they lead to the formation of graphene oxide and a nitrogen-containing carbon phase. X-ray studies revealed the appearance of peaks that can be attributed to peaks of graphene oxide and carbon nitride. The formed condensed carbon compounds with nitrogen and oxygen are characterized by natural aging.
Microstructure of 1,4-diethynylbenzene frontal polymerization products
Authors: Volkova N N , Zholudev A F , Kislov M B , Suslova E V , Yanovskiy L S
Published: November 2019

A comparative study of two processes was carried out: frontal polymerization of 1, 4-diethynylbenzene, proceeding as a result of high-temperature initiation under increased nitrogen pressure (P = 2–6 MPa), and ammonium perchlorate burning in the same conditions. It was shown that the linear rate of thermal transformations of 1, 4-diethynylbenzene is close to the linear burning rate of the energetically saturated compound. The structure of the carbon material obtained as a result of thermal transformations of 1, 4-diethynylbenzene was investigated using elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Influence of GO-Ag and GO-CuO composites on micropropagated shoots during adaptation to greenhouse environment
Authors: Zakharova O , Kolesnikova E , Kolesnikov E , Baranchikov P , Strekalova N , Gusev A
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the effects produced by GO-Ag and GO-CuO composite materials on microclones of hybrid white poplar and aspen (Populus alba x Populus tremula), hairy birch (Betula pubescens), crack willow (Salix fragilis), red oak (Quercus rubra) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) during their adaptation to greenhouse environment. The study revealed a positive effect of microclones treatment with GO-CuO and GO-Ag solutions at a concentration of 3 μg/l. The number of surviving and adapted microclones increased considerably, as did such parameters as the height of the plantlets, the number of leaves and the plantlets condition on a 1 to 5 scale. Photosynthetic activity was high in the white poplar and aspen hybrid, in birch, willow and pine. At the same time, in oak, the maximal stimulation of biomorphological parameters was accompanied by the decrease in photosynthetic activity. GO-Ag solution at a concentration of 4.5 μg/l produced an inhibitory effect on all the studied species except red oak.
Luminescent Au6 and Au8 nanoclusters from ligand induced etching of Au nanoparticles
Authors: Bain Dipankar , Maity Subarna , Debnath Tanay , Das Abhijit Kumar , Patra Amitava
Published: November 2019

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision are receiving significant attention because of their widespread applications in the field of energy-related materials, sensing and biomedicine. In this work, luminescent Au nanoclusters (NCs) are synthesized from Au nanoparticles (NPs) by core-etching process in presence of excess glutathione (GSH) ligand. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric study suggests the formation of polydisperse Au6 and Au8 NCs at elevated temperature (70 °C). The HOMO-LUMO band gap of Au6 and Au8 clusters are calculated from optimized structure. The photoluminescence maximum of as-prepared Au NCs is observed at 421 nm after excitation at 340 nm with 4.20% quantum yield (QY). Lifetime of the NCs is found to be 0.57 ns in excited state, which arises because of electronic transitions from low-lying d-bands to excited state sp bands of core-state only. Moreover the luminescence intensity of as-prepared Au NCs is found to be very stable both in acidic and basic medium. The synthesis of luminescent Au NCs from non-luminescent plasmonic Au NPs is beneficial for various applications such as sensing, biomedicine, and light emitting devices.
Microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–Ni alloy coatings on T10 steel by laser cladding
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liu Yanhui , Li Zhiwei , Zhu Lingjie , Li Yongjiu , Xiong Anhui
Published: November 2019

In the present study, Fe–Cr–Ni alloy coatings were produced by laser cladding using the blending powder of Cr and Ni on the surface of T10 steel. The composition of phase and microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness and corrosion resistance were investigated. The Fe–Cr–Ni cladding coatings composed of austenites and a few eutectic ferrites. And the content of eutectic ferrite in the grain boundary decreased with the decreasing Cr/Ni ratio of the blending powder. The Creq/Nieq ratio and the ferrite number (FN) of the coatings confirm that the solidification process was the AF mode for the Fe–Cr–Ni cladding coatings. The average microhardness value of Fe–Cr–Ni coatings was about 380HV0.2 and the Cr/Ni ratio of the blending powder was not an obvious effect. The corrosion resistance of Fe–Cr–Ni alloy coatings which was significantly superior to T10 steel decreased with the decreasing Cr/Ni ratio of the blending powder. This research exhibits that the Fe–Cr–Ni coatings and laser cladding processing have a potential engineering application value on hypereutectoid carbon steel.
First principles calculations and experimental study of the optical properties of Ni-doped ZnS
Authors: Rodríguez S , Zandalazini C , Navarro J , Vadiraj K T , Albanesi E A
Published: November 2019

Zinc sulphide doped with nickel (Ni:ZnS) has many applications in different fields like materials science, electronics, optics, and other industrial applications. Experimentally, a large variety of methods have been developed for Ni:ZnS synthesizing, where the chemical synthesis with capping agent is most successful, but has disadvantages like purity and the low performance. In addition, since there is not also much theoretical information about its features, the electronic and optical response of Ni:ZnS were studied, both experimentally by x-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and theoretically by means of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, giving an unified understanding of the electrooptical performance of this compound. In the same way, the importance of the inclusion of Ni impurities in the structure was studied and analyzed by the inclusion of a Hubbard potential in the calculations. We found that the optimal U value for Ni atoms is 4 eV in agreement with experimental results obtained by XPS. The dielectric function (ε
2) for pure and doped systems showed that the influence of the Ni atom is mainly given in the range of low energy regions (E < 6 eV), where the new peaks are associated to transitions that include the impurity band states.