bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O TRABALHO EM PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS PRAIANOS DO LITORAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Sulzbach Mayra Taiza , Denardin Valdir Figo , Felisbino Janelize Nascimento
Published: February 2019

Baseado em duas pesquisas realizadas no estado do Paraná – BR novos pressupostos são levantados. Em uma das pesquisas, realizada em 2011, buscou-se compreender como se organizava o trabalho informal em municípios cuja principal atividade econômica era a de lazer de sol e mar. Já a pesquisa anterior, 2010, a qual deu origem a última, constatou-se que o emprego formal em municípios com estas características eram pouco expressivos. Seria esta dinâmica recorrente em outros municípios do Brasil? Tal pesquisa levaria anos para realização e talvez jamais obtivesse êxito, devido ao volume de recursos financeiros necessários. Os principais institutos de pesquisas censitárias e do mercado de trabalho no Brasil realizam suas pesquisas nas grandes metrópoles, utilizando-se da mesma metodologia, que possibilita comparações, se justificando pelo alcance da população envolvida. Neste sentido: Como podemos compreender o todo, se estudamos somente as metrópoles? Nas metrópoles a dinâmica produtiva tende a ser mais intensa, fazendo valer a literatura sobre regulação do mercado trabalho. Em pequenos municípios, onde o emprego é escasso, este referencial teórico serve como pressupostos, seus determinantes são outros. O mercado formal de trabalho nestes municípios é representativo ocorre nos espaços dos serviços públicos e no comércio de bens e serviços, muitas vezes inexpressivos quando relacionados ao total da população. Neste sentido, este estudo que se apresenta procura-se demonstrar que estudos de recortes podem ter um papel complementar às pesquisas macro, reforçando ou não os pressupostos da literatura macro.
OS SENTIDOS DO ENVELHECIMENTO
Authors: Gontarski Giseli
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir a experiência de envelhecimento de doze homens e mulheres, com idades entre 68 e 95 anos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na cidade de Mafra, no interior de Santa Catarina. A velhice é um fenômeno complexo, pois apresenta em sua essência uma ambiguidade: ao mesmo tempo em que aparece como sinônimo de doença, inatividade, dependência e declínio, essa etapa da vida também pode ser encarada como o tempo da liberdade, de conquistas e vivacidade. A pesquisa demonstrou que os significados atribuídos ao envelhecimento são variados, pois existem diversas formas de envelhecer, tanto positivas – melhoria da condição de vida; novas formas de sociabilidade –, quanto negativas – como sinônimo de doença, inscrevendo a velhice nos indivíduos. Mas as entrevistas revelaram ainda que há uma grande distância entre os discursos elaborados sobre o envelhecimento e a forma que os entrevistados efetivamente experimentam essa etapa da vida. Ao falar da velhice eles acabam negando sua condição de velho. Em contraposição a isso, quando os velhos pesquisados contam suas experiências cotidianas como um todo, eles se auto definem velhos. E nesse momento não é a velhice sinônimo de perda e decadência que está sendo mencionada e sim uma outra velhice, bem mais positiva, que considera sobretudo as trajetórias individuais.
A EQUAÇÃO NÃO RESOLVIDA DO MERCADO DE MICROFINANÇAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Lobo Cinara De Araújo
Published: February 2019

***
Allgemeine Pädagogik und Sonderpädagogik. Űberlegungen zum Verhältnis von Inklusion und Exklusion aus der Sicht Dreiser Kausalitäten in Erziehungs- und Bildungsprozessen
Authors: Benner Dietrich
Published: February 2019

The author considers the relationship between exclusion and inclusion from the perspective of three kinds of causality in educational processes. His considerations are divided into four parts. The first one indicates the place occupied by special education as part of general science of education. The second part explains the difference between education as extrinsic pedagogical interaction and intrinsic self-educative process. On this basis, the third part discusses three types of causes characterizing the processes of teaching and learning and refers them to special education’s field. The fourth and last part contains guidelines for such an understanding of special education, in which the opposition between inclusion and exclusion is avoided.
Samostanowienie z perspektywy dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną i ich rodziców
Authors: Żyta Agnieszka
Published: February 2019

Samostanowienie osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jest zagadnieniem istotnym z punktu widzenia potrzeb tych osób, zadań rehabilitacji i edukacji, jak i prawa wszystkich ludzi do decydowania o swoim życiu w sposób wolny od niepotrzebnych nacisków ingerencji zewnętrznej. Jednocześnie stanowi duże wyzwanie dla osób wspierających, członków rodziny, a także pedagogów i psychologów zajmujących się niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Ciągle żywe są – także wśród wielu specjalistów – wątpliwości, na ile postulat samostanowienia tej grupy to prawdziwa potrzeba i konieczność, a na ile jest to wymóg ideologiczny. Kolejne wątpliwości dotyczą granic samostanowienia w przypadku tej grupy osób z niepełnosprawnością. W artykule przedstawione zostały opinie rodziców oraz dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną na temat szczęśliwej i niezależnej dorosłości z uwzględnieniem możliwości samostanowienia na podstawie analizy wybranych badań.
Disforia de Gênero em crianças: revisão integrativa da literatura e recomendações para o manejo na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Mariano Tatiana da Silva Oliveira , Moretti-Pires Rodrigo Otávio
Published: February 2019

Introdução: Disforia de Gênero em crianças é um tema pouco abordado no treinamento clínico, apesar do aumento do interesse das famílias sobre as questões de gênero. Objetivos: Realizar revisão integrativa de pesquisas sobre Disforia de Gênero em crianças e identificar recomendações para o manejo na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando termos MeSH nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs e Scielo para artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018 que utilizaram crianças transgêneras em suas análises. Resultados: Dos 2.488 artigos identificados pela chave de busca, 12 artigos foram selecionados para estudo. A maioria de centros especializados no atendimento a crianças transgêneras em quatro países. O profissional de saúde deve realizar anamnese direcionada às questões de comportamento da criança em casa e na escola, dinâmica familiar, contexto cultural, história familiar de não conformidade de gênero, vida social da criança e segurança infantil. Deve-se atentar para a avaliação psicossocial adequada para a idade da criança. Cabe à equipe de Atenção Primária à Saúde esclarecer as principais dúvidas das famílias, realizar a suspeita diagnóstica e encaminhar ao centro especializado no atendimento a crianças transgêneras do seu estado. Conclusão: Cabe à equipe de Atenção Primária à Saúde providenciar um ambiente acolhedor e sem discriminação para que estas famílias sejam avaliadas e conduzidas de forma adequada.
CONTROLE SEMI-ATIVO APLICADO A VIBRAÇÕES EXCESSIVAS DE UMA SUSPENSÃO AUTOMOTIVA
Authors: Gustavo Pereira Roéfero Luiz , Roberto Chavarette Fábio
Published: February 2019

Automobiles are well present in the daily lives of the population, whether for use at work or in leisure activities. Among the various equipment present in a car, the suspension is qualified as one of the most important because, in addition to maintaining the physical integrity of the structure, it assists in the comfort of the passengers. In this sense, the dimensioning of this suspension and the damping effect performed by it must be thoroughly studied, as any error can lead to the appearance of failures and end up leading to financial loss or even endanger human lives. Thus, it was interesting to study the dynamics of a magneto-rheological damper in an automotive suspension model already proposed in the literature, aiming to improve the dynamic performance of the model. In order to carry out this analysis, the Runge Kutta method of the Fourth Order was used aiming at the numerical approximation of both the non-damping system and the already damped model.
IDENTIDADE, DOCÊNCIA E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORAS QUE ATUAM EM CRECHES: UM DIÁLOGO COM A PESQUISA
Authors: Schaper Santos Núbia , Carvalho de Araújo Víviam , Silveira Rezende Wagner
Published: February 2019

This article presents data from the research entitled "Sense and meanings on public daycare teacher training in the city of Juiz de Fora/ MG", which was developed by the Research Group on Languages, Childhood, Culture and Human Development (GP LICEDH)from the Faculty of Education(FACED)at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora / MG -UFJF. The referred investigation aimed at building the profile of the teachers who work in 26 municipal daycare centers, seeking to understand what are the necessary teaching knowledge and tasks to work with babies and children in the 0-3 age group. The first stage of the research, which we will discuss here, used a quantitative approach, that allowed the construction of a Likert-type psychometric response scale questionnaire, which was answered by 248 teachers. In a second stage, a qualitative research approach was used, making it possible to understand thesense and meanings forged among the participants. The data produced in the research demonstrate a lack of identification of the professionals who work in daycare centers with teaching in Early Childhood Education. The lack of investment from the city management in views of guaranteeing a specific career, with decent wages and with time destined for the development of these professionals, were also impactful issues revealed by the investigation. The study points to the need of an organic articulation between the Education policies in our country, and it is paramount for the municipal public power to, indeed, acknowledge daycare as the first stage of Basic Education.
HOMOSSEXUALIDADES FEMININAS E EDUCAÇÃO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O “ARMÁRIO”
Authors: Costa dos Santos Andressa , Adalberto Pereira Alexandre
Published: February 2019

This review articleproposes to make a discussion about gender studies and the historical course of sexuality as social constructions. We point to an understanding of sexuality, permeated by contingent social values. We indicate the way inwhich the woman was placed in a position of subalternity form discourses that legitimized the bodies of men as normal, full and healthy, to the detriment of women’s bodies. We start from the problematic that sexuality as a historical and social constructioncan be appropriated by the discourses of education for the affirmation and/or recognition of the homosexual woman?And in the end we propose to weave dialogues about the device of the “closet” and its implications in education as form orresistance against the hegemony centered on the mechanism of oppression.
A REVOLUÇÃO CUBANA E A FORMAÇÃO DO HOMEM NOVO (1959-1961)
Authors: de Freitas Colombo Rosa Dayane , Gall do Amaral da Silva Roselli , Joaquim Pereira Melo José
Published: February 2019

This article aims to discuss the education development in Cuba during the years of 1959 to 1961, whose concern was the formation of the new manwith the intention of consolidating the revolutionary move-ment.The theoretical and methodological assumption implied in analyzing the educational processes based on their historical, economic and political authenticity, which aims to attend to the interests of the society in which it is inserted.The guiding question that led to the analysis was: What are the cultural, moral and political principles that characterize the new man that was intended to be formed in Cuba? In order to do that, the speech made by Ernesto Che Guevara in the book "Socialism and Man in Cuba" (1995) and the speech made by Fidel Castro at Che Guevara’s funeral in 1997, were used as source. In the writings made by Che Guevara (1995), the manual of a revolutionary pedagogy is evident and in the exposition portrayed by Fidel Castro (1997) Che Guevara is pointed as the model of an ideal man who wouldmeet the needs of that period in Cuba.The research is justified in the current educational historical context by fomenting the reflection about a critical and transforming pedagogy.
Populus primaveralepensis sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in western Mexico
Authors: Vázquez-García J. Antonio , Muñiz-Castro Miguel Ángel , Martínez-González Rosa Elena , Nieves-Hernández Gregorio , Pulido-Ávila María Guadalupe , Hernández-Vera Gerardo , Zuno Delgadillo Osvaldo
Published: February 2019

Populus primaveralepensis A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Zuno sp. nov., a new species from relict gallery cloud forest in Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve (Mexico), is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to P. subsect. Tomentosae Hart., and is morphologically similar to P. luziarum A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Padilla-Lepe, but differs from it in having taller trees without root suckers, white and ringed young stems and branches, a branching angle of ca 45º, leaves with higher blade to petiole ratio, leafs frequently elliptic or ovate to widely ovate (vs widely ovate to ovate-deltoid), denser inflorescences, and shorter capsules. The conservation status of the species was assessed as Critically Endangered (CR).
Comparative Evaluation of Seegene Allplex Gastrointestinal, Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel, and BD MAX Enteric Assays for Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Clinical Stool Specimens
Authors: Yoo Jaeeun , Park Joonhong , Lee Hae Kyung , Yu Jin Kyung , Lee Gun Dong , Park Kang Gyun , Oak Hayeon Caitlyn , Park Yeon-Joon
Published: February 2019

Context.—

Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

Objective.—

To compare the performance of Seegene Allplex Gastrointestinal (24 targets: 13 bacteria, 5 viruses, and 6 parasites in 4 panels), Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (15 targets: 9 bacteria, 3 viruses, and 3 parasites), and BD MAX Enteric panel (5 bacteria and 3 parasites). We estimated the agreement among 3 molecular assays.

Design.—

A total of 858 stool samples (554 bacterial/parasite and 304 viral pathogens) were included. A consensus positive/negative was defined as concordant results from at least 2 tests. To evaluate the agreement among the assays, κ value was calculated.

Results.—

The overall positive percentage agreements of Seegene, Luminex, and BD MAX were 94% (258 of 275), 92% (254 of 275), and 78% (46 of 59), respectfully. For Salmonella, Luminex showed low negative percentage agreement because of frequent false positives (n = 31) showing low median fluorescent intensity. For viruses, positive/negative percentage agreements of Seegene and Luminex were 99%/96% and 93%/99%, respectively. Compared with routine microbiology testing, Seegene, Luminex, and BD MAX additionally identified 39, 40, and 12 pathogens, respectively. Sixty-one cases (16 cases with Seegene, 51 cases with Luminex, and 1 case with BD MAX) showed positive results for multiple pathogens, but only 3 were consensus positive.

Conclusions.—

These multiplex molecular assays appear to be promising tools for the detection and identification of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens simultaneously. However, careful interpretation of positive results for multiple pathogens is required.
Les Cordes-de-Bois d’Antonine Maillet, ou La vraie vitalité acadienne
Authors: Hogue Myra
Published: February 2019

Cet article propose une lecture des Cordes-de-Bois d’Antonine Maillet qui, encadrée par La part du diable, essai consacré au Saint-Élias de Jacques Ferron et à son remaniement du discours de la Révolution tranquille, y sondera la présence d’un renversement du portrait hégémonique qu’est l’Évangéline de Longfellow et la doctrine religieuse lui correspondant. Les Cordes-de-Bois offre, effectivement, une représentation de la population acadienne et du clergé qui, loin de respecter l’Église et son application intransigeante d’une doctrine pénitente, déjoue toutes les règles dans une ode à l’imparfaite vie terrestre. Dans cet univers digne de la « vraie vitalité acadienne », une lecture miséricordieuse de l’Évangile se substitue au dogmatisme religieux et un clan de pécheurs, à de fervents croyants.
La pratique anthologique en Acadie
Authors: Doyon-Gosselin Benoit
Published: February 2019

Cet article vise à mieux comprendre le rôle des anthologies littéraires en Acadie. L’anthologie littéraire, en Acadie comme ailleurs, suppose des mécanismes d’inclusion et d’exclusion reposant sur des critères qui se veulent objectifs, mais qui, dans les faits, le sont rarement. Encore aujourd’hui, l’anthologie littéraire acadienne demeure au stade de l’inventaire producteur, et cette tendance à vouloir produire une littérature par l’existence même de l’anthologie se reflète de trois façons souvent concomitantes, toujours complémentaires : 1) retenir des textes dont la valeur littéraire est moindre, mais qui permettent de se donner un corpus ; 2) inclure des auteurs qui n’ont jamais publié un livre ; et 3) se concentrer sur les textes contemporains.
Polarisation autour du religieux en francophonie ? Les nouveaux défis de la laïcité
Authors: Willaime Jean-Paul
Published: February 2019

Ce texte a été présenté comme Grande Conférence à l’Université d’Ottawa lors de la Journée internationale de la Francophonie, le 20 mars 2017. Il a été raccourci et adapté pour la publication dans Francophonies d’Amérique. Après s’être présenté comme « un homme des frontières », l’auteur aborde les trois thèmes suivants : 1) le monde francophone est-il particulièrement marqué par une religion ? 2) regards sur les différents visages de la laïcité en francophonie ; 3) les crispations de la laïcité française face à l’islam. Il conclut en comparant les mobilisations et les débats récents autour de la laïcité au Québec et en France.
Testimoniatge, actualització i fabulació: la memòria històrica de la Guerra Civil en la narrativa catalana actual
Authors: Espinós Felipe Joaquim
Published: February 2019

El tema de la Guerra Civil i la dictadura franquista ha generat a l’Estat espanyol des de mitjans dels noranta ençà una quantitat ingent de novel·les, articles periodístics, investigació històrica i producció audiovisual que palesa la vigència problemàtica del tema. Aquest article vol centrar-se en un aspecte d’aquesta producció: la referida a les narracions que dintre de la literatura catalana actual l’han abordat. Es tracta d’un corpus d’obres extens en el qual han participat alguns dels escriptors més destacats. La nostra aproximació pretén estudiar aquesta vasta i diversa producció, mirant d’esbrinar les motivacions i els plantejaments narratius que regeixen aquestes propostes. Hi hem discernit tres models bàsics d’aproximació: el testimonial, l’actualitzador i el fabulador, i ho hem il·lustrat amb les obres que considerem més representatives. Així mateix, hi hem constatat un canvi pel que fa al model de representació de personatges i fets històrics, que tendeix al multiperspectivisme i a una visió més crítica. Aquest canvi es relaciona amb el debat públic que el moviment de recuperació de la memòria històrica ha produït a tot l’Estat espanyol.
Més enllà de la gramaticalització: el desenvolupament del marcador discursiu «no obstant això» en català
Authors: Garachana Mar
Published: February 2019

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és analitzar l’emergència del MD no obstant això en català. Aquesta evolució permet posar en relleu que no tot canvi en la gramàtica ha de ser estudiat des de la Teoria de la Gramaticalització, alhora que fa palesa la necessitat d’analitzar els canvis sintàctics en el context social i cultural en què es van donar. En el cas de no obstant això, l’estudi minuciós de les seves primeres ocurrències en català evidencia que, lluny de ser el resultat d’una gramaticalització, aquest marcador va sorgir com a resultat del calc gramatical d’una partícula originada en el llatí medieval.
Francesc Foguet i Boreu, «El teatro catalán en el exilio republicano de 1939», Biblioteca del Exilio (Anejos 28), Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, 203 pp.
Authors: Buffery Helena
Published: February 2019

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Francesc Foguet i Boreu, El teatro catalán en el exilio republicano de 1939, Biblioteca del Exilio (Anejos 28), Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, 203 pp., ISBN: 9788416685646.
Mujeres y emblemas: una visión simbólica de la condición femenina en la Edad Moderna
Authors: García Arranz José Julio
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: The difficult situation of women in the Modern Period, marked by the strong patriarchal and androcentric character of the official culture and ideology of the moment, and their high degree of social marginalization, has been frequently analysed through various literary sources such as theatre, fiction or travel literature, collections of proverbs and sermons, and, above all, moral and doctrinal texts. However, for some time now, a new approach to the issue has been attempted which has proven to be of singular importance when observing the effect of the aforementioned directives of the dominant ideology on the familial and social role of women: illustrated symbolic literature. Through its various forms of expression--emblems, badges, hieroglyphics, allegories--this genre became, especially from the final decades of the 16thcentury, a perfectly calibrated and effective instrument when channelling the political, moral and doctrinal orientation of citizens. In the present study I offer an overview of how emblematic treatises and repertoires of allegories offer us excellent examples of the construction of the symbolic image that the dominant elites of modern times seek to spread and impose on the female gender, and their well-established and channelled behavioural norms.
 
KEYWORDS: Modern Period; Emblems; Female Marginality; Androcentric Control.
 
 
RESUMEN: La difícil situación de la mujer en la Edad Moderna, marcada por el fuerte carácter patriarcal y androcéntrico de la cultura e ideología oficiales del momento, y su alto grado de marginación social han sido analizados con frecuencia a través de diversas fuentes literarias como el teatro, la literatura de ficción o de viajes, las colecciones de refranes y sermones, y, sobre todo, los textos morales y doctrinales. Sin embargo, desde hace algún tiempo se está ensayando una nueva vía de aproximación al problema, y que resulta de singular importancia a la hora de constatar las mencionadas directrices de la ideología dominante sobre el papel familiar y social de la mujer: la literatura simbólica ilustrada. Por medio de sus diversas formas de expresión --emblemas, empresas o divisas, jeroglíficos, alegorías...--, este género se convirtió, sobre todo a partir de los decenios finales del s. XVI, en un instrumento perfectamente calibrado y eficaz a la hora de encauzar la orientación política, moral y doctrinal de los ciudadanos. En el presente trabajo ofrecemos una panorámica de cómo los tratados emblemáticos y los repertorios de alegorías nos ofrecen inmejorables ejemplos de la construcción de la imagen simbólica que las élites dominantes de los tiempos modernos pretenden difundir e imponer del género femenino, y de sus bien establecidas y canalizadas normas de comportamiento.
 
PALABRAS CLAVES: Edad Moderna; Emblemática; marginalidad femenina; control androcétrico.
Mulieris typus: lo femenino en la Emblemática y la Cultura visual
Authors: Escalera Pérez Reyes , García Arranz José Julio
Published: February 2019

Hacia los años ochenta del pasado siglo comenzó a adquirir notoriedad en España una corriente historiográfica de creciente desarrollo en las décadas posteriores, que se servía esencialmente del estudio de una serie de fuentes documentales y literarias con el fin de profundizar en el alto grado de marginación social que padeció la mujer de los tiempos modernos en nuestro país o en Europa. Sin embargo, no será hasta la entrada en el nuevo milenio que encontremos los primeros testimonios específicos de una nueva vía de aproximación a esta realidad: el análisis de la condición femenina a través los ingenios retóricos verbo-visuales de aquellas centurias. 
En los textos reunidos en la sección Dosier encontraremos abundantes ejemplos de cómo el género gráfico-textual o verbo-visual de los libros de emblemas y empresas fue un fiel reflejo de los diversos modelos femeninos establecidos en los tiempos modernos, y de la definición de la figura de la mujer en sus diversos roles sociales, ya sea el de doncella, casada, viuda, monja o meretriz. Recurriendo al atractivo que ejercen sus imágenes, y al alto poder ejemplificador y moralizante de sus comentarios y declaraciones, con el habitual recurso a episodios míticos y bíblicos, personajes históricos o exemplaprocedentes del mundo animal y vegetal, temas con los que las élites culturales del momento –y a través de ellas el público– se encontraban familiarizadas gracias al teatro o la poesía, se precisan de manera sistemática las virtudes que debe cultivar la mujer honesta –incluyendo la sumisión al hombre y su silenciosa reclusión hogareña–, y los comportamientos que debe desterrar como inconvenientes o pecaminosos.
García Arranz, José Julio, Pena Sueiro, Nieves (edición y estudio) [2017]. Emblemas moralizadas de Hernando de Soto
Authors: Mocholí Martínez María Elvira
Published: February 2019

REcensión del Libro:
GARCÍA ARRANZ, José Julio y PENA SUEIRO, Nieves [2017]. Hernando de Soto. Emblemas Moralizadas (edición y estudio), Palma de Mallorca, JJ de Olañeta, 362 pp.
Using machine learning techniques and different color spaces for the classification of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits according to ripeness level
Authors: Castro Wilson , Oblitas Jimy , De-la-Torre Miguel , Cotrina Carlos , Bazán Karen , Avila-George Himer
Published: February 2019

The classification of fresh fruits according to their ripeness is typically a subjective and tedious task; consequently, there is growing interest in the use of non-contact techniques such as those based on computer vision and machine learning. In this paper, we propose the use of non-intrusive techniques for the classification of Cape gooseberry fruits. The proposal is based on the use of machine learning techniques combined with different color spaces. Given the success of techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines, decision trees, and K-nearest neighbors in addressing classification problems, we decided to use these approaches in this research work. A sample of 926 Cape gooseberry fruits was obtained, and fruits were classified manually according to their level of ripeness into seven different classes. Images of each fruit were acquired in the RGB format through a system developed for this purpose. These images were preprocessed, filtered and segmented until the fruits were identified. For each piece of fruit, the median color parameter values in the RGB space were obtained, and these results were subsequently transformed into the HSV and L*a*b* color spaces. The values of each piece of fruit in the three color spaces and their corresponding degrees of ripeness were arranged for use in the creation, testing, and comparison of the developed classification models. The classification of gooseberry fruits by ripening level was found to be sensitive to both the color space used and the classification technique, e.g., the models based on decision trees are the most accurate, and the models based on the L*a*b* color space obtain the best mean accuracy. However, the model that best classifies the cape gooseberry fruits based on ripeness level is that resulting from the combination of the SVM technique and the RGB color space.
Choosing reference genes for RT-qPCR for Fusarium graminearum plant infection (In Planta) and In Vitro growth studies based on transcriptomic data
Authors: Lin Xiaorong , Li Hongchen , Wang Zonghua , Olsson Stefan
Published: February 2019

Background. Choosing reference genes for RT-qPCR for the study of transcriptomic responses of target genes is often done using “standard” reference genes (housekeeping genes) selected before the genomic era. Now, published transcriptome data can be used to aid in this selection to avoid the selection of a reference gene that varies and obscure results.

Methods. We use transcriptome data for the model pathogen fungus Fusarium graminearum to select housekeeping genes for In Vitro and In Planta conditions. Transcriptome data was downloaded from a publicly available database. We selected a database where transcriptome chip data from many experiments using the same chip has been deposited divided the downloaded data into In Vitro and In Planta conditions based on the information about the experiments.

Results. We ranked the genes with the least variation (relative difference between maximum and minimum expression) across each dataset. Genes previously shown to perform well as reference genes for In Vitro conditions in a similar analysis as ours also performed well for In Vitro conditions in our dataset but worked less well for In Planta conditions. We found 5 reference genes that performed well under both In Planta conditions and In Vitro conditions.

Discussion. Even if these 5 reference genes performed well, for other (new) target conditions we recommend making a transcriptome analysis to select well performing reference genes for RT-qPCR if possible. Alternatively, select 2 of the 5 genes that we show here performed well under both In Planta and In Vitro conditions.
Geometric morphometric analysis in female freshwater crabs of Sarawak (Borneo) permits addressing taxonomy-related problems
Authors: Grinang Jongkar , Das Indraneil , Ng Peter K.L.
Published: February 2019

The taxonomy of freshwater crabs requires a paradigm change in methodological approaches, particularly in investigations that use morphological techniques. The traditional morphometric approach (two-dimensional measurements) tends to be inappropriate for the identification of freshwater crabs due to their variable external morphology and lack of gonopods (conventionally used for the identification of male crabs) in females. In this study, we explore the potential use of the geometric morphometric technique for identification of female freshwater crabs, and identify taxonomic key characteristics of species. The shape of the carapace could be a good characteristic for the identification of female crabs, especially when the geometric morphometric technique is used. It was observed that the shape of the carapace has an advantage over the shape of the pleon and chela because its relatively flat orientation allows more consistent and easier data preparation for geometric morphometric analysis. The geometric morphometric technique is inexpensive, relatively less time consuming to employ, and accurate. This technique is convenient when dissection to examine the gonopods is not possible, which can damage the specimen in the case of endangered or rare species. Since the technique was used herein for only two species, more compelling and extensive evidence is needed before the reliability of the method can be proven.
Empreendedor cultural: uma identidade rejeitada?
Authors: Gimenez Fernando Antonio Prado
Published: February 2019

Neste texto discorro sobre o empreendedorismo cultural com base em textos de periódicos científicos. O campo de estudos do empreendedorismo cultural é recente e está em seus estágios iniciais de formação. Um aspecto central do campo é a identidade empreendedora e sua aceitação para designar um empreendedor que lida com duas lógicas de ação, a artística e a de negócios. Esta identidade parece sofrer certa resistência por parte daqueles que operam nesse campo. Utilizo dados estatísticos sobre Microempreendedores Individuais na economia da cultura brasileira para evidenciar que esta identidade tem sido assumida, pelos menos formalmente, de forma crescente no campo da cultura. Por fim, concluo o texto apontando para o ponto de tensão central do empreendedorismo cultural e para sua adoção como um termo que auxilie os estudiosos do empreendedorismo a designar uma forma específica de empreender.
High Water‐Absorbent and Phase‐Change Heat Dissipation Materials Based on Super‐Aligned Cross‐Stack CNT Films
Authors: Yu Wei , Liu Changhong , Fan Shoushan
Published: February 2019

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the advantage of high thermal conductivity and light weight can be widely used in thermal management. Meanwhile, heat removal for hot spots has become a major issue in the development of electronics because of the increasing of power density and thermal load. Therefore, more effective heat dissipation approaches are needed. Here, the high water‐absorbent and phase‐change heat dissipation materials based on super‐aligned cross‐stack CNT (CSCNT) films with excellent cooling performance are reported. Pure CSCNT and CaCl2/CSCNT composite show the outstanding water absorption property because of their high specific surface area and porosity. Combined the high natural convection and heat radiation of CSCNTs with heat removal by water evaporation, the heat dissipation coefficient of CaCl2/CSCNT can reach as high as 98 W m−2 K−1 with the help of auxiliary plate. Due to the high absorption rate, the composite can absorb water when electronics are at low power and dissipate heat by water evaporation at high power. Moreover, it is founded that there is a dynamic balance of water absorption and desorption to enhance cooling performance at thermal equilibrium.
Facile Synthesis of Mildly Oxidized Graphite Inks for Screen‐Printing of Highly Conductive Electrodes
Authors: Overgaard Marc H. , Sahlgren Nicklas M. , Hvidsten Rasmus , Kühnel Martin , Dalby Kim N. , Vosch Tom , Laursen Bo W. , Nørgaard Kasper
Published: February 2019

Graphene‐derived materials are attractive components in conductive inks for printed and flexible electronics. Here, the authors report a facile and scalable synthesis of mildly oxidized graphite and its formulation into screen‐printable inks. The screen‐printed electrodes exhibit sheet‐resistance below 1 Ω/sq after rolling‐compression, with a compressed film thickness of ≈3 μm and line‐width resolution below 100 μm. The method, described herein, can be used without the need for substrate‐limiting post‐printing treatments, such as high‐temperature annealing, photonic annealing, or chemical reduction. The approach is applicable to any arbitrary and heat‐sensitive substrate, including plastic and paper, and is both highly cost‐effective and suitable for roll‐to‐roll printing of a wide range of devices.
Molecular and Materials Engineering for Delivery of Peptide Drugs to Treat Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Varanko Anastasia K. , Chilkoti Ashutosh
Published: February 2019

Type 2 diabetes is exploding globally. Despite numerous treatment options, nearly half of type 2 diabetics are unsuccessful at properly managing the disease, primarily due to a lack of patient compliance, driven by adverse side effects as well as complicated and frequent dosing schedules. Improving the delivery of type 2 diabetes drugs has the potential to increase patient compliance and thus, greatly enhance health outcomes and quality of life. This review focuses on molecular and materials engineering strategies that have been implemented to improve the delivery of peptide drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. Peptide drugs benefit from high potency and specificity but suffer from instability and short half‐lives that limit their utility as therapeutics and pose a significant delivery challenge. Several approaches have been developed to improve the availability and efficacy of antidiabetic peptides and proteins in vivo. These methods are reviewed herein and include devices, which sustain the release of peptides in long term, and molecular engineering strategies, which prolong circulation time and slow the release of therapeutic peptides. By optimizing the delivery of these peptides and proteins using these approaches, long‐term glucose control can be achieved in type 2 diabetes patients.
Recent Progress in Aromatic Polyimide Dielectrics for Organic Electronic Devices and Circuits
Authors: Ji Deyang , Li Tao , Hu Wenping , Fuchs Harald
Published: February 2019

Polymeric dielectrics play a key role in the realization of flexible organic electronics, especially for the fabrication of scalable device arrays and integrated circuits. Among a wide variety of polymeric dielectric materials, aromatic polyimides (PIs) are flexible, lightweight, and strongly resistant to high‐temperature processing and corrosive etchants and, therefore, have become promising candidates as gate dielectrics with good feasibility in manufacturing organic electronic devices. More significantly, the characteristics of PIs can be conveniently modulated by the design of their chemical structures. Herein, from the perspective of structure optimization and interface engineering, a brief overview of recent progress in PI‐based dielectrics for organic electronic devices and circuits is provided. Also, an outlook of future research directions and challenges for polyimide dielectric materials is presented.
3D Printed High‐Performance Lithium Metal Microbatteries Enabled by Nanocellulose
Authors: Cao Daxian , Xing Yingjie , Tantratian Karnpiwat , Wang Xiao , Ma Yi , Mukhopadhyay Alolika , Cheng Zheng , Zhang Qing , Jiao Yucong , Chen Lei , Zhu Hongli
Published: February 2019

Batteries constructed via 3D printing techniques have inherent advantages including opportunities for miniaturization, autonomous shaping, and controllable structural prototyping. However, 3D‐printed lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have not yet been reported due to the difficulties of printing lithium (Li) metal. Here, for the first time, high‐performance LMBs are fabricated through a 3D printing technique using cellulose nanofiber (CNF), which is one of the most earth‐abundant biopolymers. The unique shear thinning properties of CNF gel enables the printing of a LiFePO4 electrode and stable scaffold for Li. The printability of the CNF gel is also investigated theoretically. Moreover, the porous structure of the CNF scaffold also helps to improve ion accessibility and decreases the local current density of Li anode. Thus, dendrite formation due to uneven Li plating/stripping is suppressed. A multiscale computational approach integrating first‐principle density function theory and a phase‐field model is performed and reveals that the porous structures have more uniform Li deposition. Consequently, a full cell built with a 3D‐printed Li anode and a LiFePO4 cathode exhibits a high capacity of 80 mA h g−1 at a charge/discharge rate of 10 C with capacity retention of 85% even after 3000 cycles.
Nickel–Cobalt Diselenide Nanosheets Supported on Copper Nanowire Arrays for Synergistic Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Fu Huiying , Chen Yajie , Ren Can , Jiang Haiyu , Tian Guohui
Published: February 2019

Rational nanoarchitecture design and smart hybridization of bespoke catalysts can greatly accelerate the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical water splitting. Here, hierarchical NixCo1−xSe2 porous nanosheets are synthesized on Cu nanowire arrays (CNW) to fabricate highly efficient core/shell structure integrated OER electrode. Highly conductive CNW arrays are first obtained via the reduction of the pre‐prepared CuO nanowire arrays. NixCo1−x precursor nanosheets are then grown on CNW via hydrothermal route, and the following selenylation led to in situ formation of NixCo1−xSe2 porous nanosheet. In the integrated electrode, the highly conductive CNW core can realize efficient electron transport. The hierarchical core/shell nanoarray structure can provide abundant catalytic active sites and more void space to release gas bubbles, and meanwhile prevent the underneath Cu nanowire core from oxidation. The synergistic effects of optimized components and smart structure of the integrated electrode afford a remarkable OER activity with a low potential of 1.423 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm−2 current density, a small Tafel of 58 mV dec−1, and excellent stability in alkaline electrolyte. The present fabrication approach offers a direction in the design and synthesis of integrated catalysts on conductive substrates for promising electrocatalytic applications.
Battery‐Free and Wireless Epidermal Electrochemical System with All‐Printed Stretchable Electrode Array for Multiplexed In Situ Sweat Analysis
Authors: Xu Gang , Cheng Chen , Liu Zhaoyang , Yuan Wei , Wu Xinzhou , Lu Yanli , Low Sze Shin , Liu Jinglong , Zhu Lihang , Ji Daizong , Li Shuang , Chen Zetao , Wang Lisha , Yang Qinggang , Cui Zheng , Liu Qingjun
Published: February 2019

Skin‐interfaced electrochemical sensing devices are widely developed for biochemical sensing at molecular levels. However, the sensing electrodes fabricated with photolithography or printing technique are hard to achieve high stretchability without special designs like serpentine shape. Also, most of them require wired connections with external electrochemical workstations for data acquisition or on‐board batteries to power the circuits, which largely restrain the flexibility, simplification, and miniaturization of the devices. Here, a battery‐free, wireless, and epidermal electrochemical system is presented for in situ biochemical sensing. The sensing component of the system is a stretchable electrode array all‐printed with soft polymer and conductive silver nanowires. The electrodes show stable electrical properties within strain range of 0–50%, without serpentine designs. The electronic component of the system is a fully integrated flexible circuit board with near field communication module, which enables wireless energy harvesting and data transmission with smartphones. The system demonstrates good performance in real‐time on‐body sweat analysis for simultaneous quantitative detections of glucose, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium. This battery‐free and wireless epidermal electrochemical system provides a simplified, miniaturized, and flexible solution for a wide range of biochemical platforms, including wearable and implanted bioelectronics.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Pentacyclic Spirooxindoles via [3+3] Annulations of Isatin‐Derived Enals and Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines
Authors: Liu Qiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Li Sun , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter
Published: February 2019

A convenient enantioselective route to new types of pentacyclic spirooxindoles via [3+3] annulation reactions of isatin‐derived enals and cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines, using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has been developed. The new protocol leads to pentacyclic spirooxindoles bearing a quaternary spiro‐stereocenter in good yields and good to high enantiomeric ratios.

magnified image
Iron(III) Chloride/Dialkyl Diselenides‐Promoted Cascade Cyclization of ortho‐Diynyl Benzyl Chalcogenides
Authors: do Carmo Pinheiro Roberto , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: February 2019

Treatment of ortho‐diynyl benzyl chalcogenides with a mixture of iron(III) chloride and diorganyl diselenides led to functionalized chalcogen isochromene‐fused chalcogenophene derivatives. The reaction parameters were studied and the results indicated that the reaction of ortho‐ diynyl benzyl chalcogenides (0.25 mmol) with iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (2.0 equiv.) and diorganyl diselenide (2 equiv.) at reflux of dichloroethane was the best condition to give the products in 40–83% yields. The results support the idea that a mixture of iron salts and diorganyl diselenides has a dual action, promoting the cyclization and introducing a new functionalization at the 3‐position of isochalcogenochromenes. The methodology was highly regioselective, giving the product via 6‐endo‐dig mode followed by a second cyclization via 5‐endo‐dig mode.

magnified image
Wafer Scale Mapping and Statistical Analysis of Radio Frequency Characteristics in Highly Uniform CVD Graphene Transistors
Authors: Tian Mengchuan , Hu Ben , Yang Haifang , Tang Chengchun , Wang Mengfei , Gao Qingguo , Xiong Xiong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Li Tiaoyang , Li Xuefei , Gu Changzhi , Wu Yanqing
Published: February 2019

Radio frequency (RF) transistor based on graphene has attracted tremendous research efforts in the past few years. Despite the fact that such material is developed on a wafer‐scale level, the majority of reported high performance of individual transistors is limited to individual or a few devices. As a result, the electronic uniformity and stability study on a large number of transistors remain unexplored especially for RF performance, which are the most critical factors for any practical applications. In this work, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the uniformity of DC and RF characteristics simultaneously for hundreds of transistors fabricated from transferred large‐area CVD‐grown graphene in a 4‐inch HfSiO/Si wafer is carried out for the first time. For devices with the same gate length of 0.8 µm, the coefficient of variation (CV) for Dirac point voltage and extrinsic peak transconductance is only 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. In addition, the intrinsic f
T*L
g is high up to about 20 GHz · μm, which is among the best value for the graphene RF transistors. More importantly, the CV for the as‐measured f
max/f
T is as low as 0.11, indicating highly uniform RF characteristics across the 4‐inch wafer.
Significantly Increased Photoresponsivity of WSe2‐Based Transistors through Hybridization with Gold‐Tetraphenylporphyrin as Efficient n‐Type Dopant
Authors: Lee Dong Seop , Kim Jun Young , Shin Dae Yong , Lee Yongjun , Kim Jeongyong , Lee Suk Joong , Joo Jinsoo
Published: February 2019

The control of electrical and optical characteristics of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) through charge doping is essential to optimize the performances of optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs. In this study, a few‐layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is hybridized with organic gold(III)‐tetraphenylporphyrin (Au‐TPP) using a simple drop‐casting method. Nanoscale optical characteristics, measured by laser confocal microscopy, reveal that the photoluminescence intensity and exciton lifetime of Au‐TPP decrease after the hybridization with WSe2, which suggests the charge transfer from Au‐TPP to WSe2. For optoelectronic applications, photoresponsive field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on pristine WSe2 and WSe2/Au‐TPP hybrids are fabricated and compared. After the hybridization with Au‐TPP, the charge transport characteristics of the WSe2‐based FETs change to severe n‐type characteristics including a negative shift of the threshold voltage and increase in electron mobility. Significantly enhanced photoresponsivities (up to 310 times) are observed for the WSe2/Au‐TPP‐based FETs owing to their efficient light absorption and charge transfer from Au‐TPP to WSe2.