bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous venous returns, mitral valve disease, myocardium hypertrophy, and right outflow obstruction: a multimodality imaging assessment
Authors: Farruggio Silvia , Caruso Elio
Published: March 2023

We report a rare congenital heart disease characterized by multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous returns, marked apical myocardial hypertrophy of both ventricles and of right outflow, and hypoplastic mitral anulus. Multimodality imaging is mandatory to assess anatomical details.
Orbital myositis induced by alendronate: A case report
Authors: Lefeuvre Lucie , Caruso Anna , Biver Emmanuel , Fayolle Damien
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose

Bisphosphonates are widely used, notably for osteoporosis treatment. Their common side effects are well known. However, they can trigger less common effects such as orbital inflammation. Here, the case is reported of an orbital myositis triggered by alendronate.

Methods

This is a case report at an academic medical center. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging scan, a thoraco‐abdominal computed tomography scan and blood sample analyses were performed.

Results

A 66‐year‐old woman treated by alendronate for her osteoporosis was investigated. She developed an orbital myositis after the first intake. Neurological examination revealed a painful diplopia with decreased downward and adduction movements of the right eye and edema of the upper eyelid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed an orbital myositis of the right eye. No other cause of orbital myositis was found than the alendronate intake. After alendronate arrest and a short course of prednisone, the symptoms resolved.

Conclusion

This case highlights that alendronate can cause an orbital myositis whose early diagnosis is of major importance because it is a treatable side effect.
Notes on the foraging habits of adult Protohermes dobsonflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Further evidence for anthophilous megalopterans
Authors: Sugiura Naoto , Shikata Kei‐ichiro , Miyazaki Satoshi
Published: March 2023

As in other megalopterans, the life of adult dobsonflies in the natural habitats remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae). Moreover, based on strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement), we concluded that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids. We have briefly discussed why the flower‐visiting habits of corydalids have been missed so far.
Integrating healthy marriage and relationship education into an employment program
Authors: Gross Max , Goesling Brian , Lugo‐Gil Julieta
Published: March 2023

Objective

The goal was to assess if integrating healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) into an employment program for young adults could improve their relationship and employment outcomes.

Background

Many HMRE programs offer economic stability services, yet this approach often does not consider that HMRE participants have different employment needs. There is little evidence on the alternative approach of adding HMRE to an employment program.

Method

We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 908 participants seeking employment services. We randomly assigned them to (a) an intervention group offered an integrated HMRE and employment program or (b) a control group offered an employment program without HMRE. We measured outcomes 1 year later with survey and administrative data.

Results

The integrated program reached participants for whom both employment services and HMRE had relevance. However, program attendance was irregular, and participants in both research groups had similar outcomes after 1 year.

Conclusion

Integrating HMRE into an employment program is feasible but supporting regular attendance and meeting the needs of job seekers can be challenging.

Implications

Results suggest the need for new approaches to meeting the employment needs and supporting the economic stability of HMRE participants with low incomes. Results also contribute to emerging evidence on how a person's life circumstances might moderate the impacts of HMRE programming.
Fatigue behavior of unidirectional fiber‐reinforced pultruded composites with high volume fiber fraction
Authors: Alajarmeh Omar , Manalo Allan , Ferdous Wahid , Almasabha Ghassan , Tarawneh Ahmad , Awwad Khaled Eayal , Safonov Alexander , Zeng Xuesen , Schubel Peter
Published: March 2023

Pultrusion is a high‐volume manufacturing process for fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites ensuring high strength and quality products. However, research studies are very limited on the fatigue behavior of these products, especially with unidirectional fiber alignment. This study investigates the fatigue behavior of the unidirectional pultruded glass FRP (GFRP) composites with high fiber volume fraction (
). Tension–tension fatigue loading was applied with different levels of applied stress, frequency, and gripping condition until failure. Results showed that the high
composites have significantly low fatigue life cycle. Moreover, increasing the frequency showed better fatigue resistance, while the tabs geometry has insignificant effect on the fatigue behavior of the dog‐bone shaped specimens. Comparison with available literature showed that GFRP composites with high
have lower fatigue performance than those with low
. A fatigue capacity reduction factor is also proposed for unidirectional GFRP composites as a function of the
.
My first Little Black Dress: A Muslim immigrant woman academic's reflection on entanglement of esthetic labor and emotional labor at a White dinner
Authors: Faiz Rafia
Published: March 2023

This article is about personal reflections of an immigrant, Muslim, Pakistani, middle class, minority woman working in a business school in Canada who receives an invitation to a White dinner. She writes of experiencing emotional labor and esthetic labor; tensions based on gender, religion, class, age, and culture; skepticism against belonging and otherness—and the space in between; along with her consciousness of being under the disciplinary gaze of her own community members. She feels suspended between strength and vulnerability, resorting to reflective writing for sense‐making.
ICSH guidance for INR and D‐dimer testing using point of care testing in primary care
Authors: Fitzmaurice David A. , Geersing Geert‐Jan , Armoiry Xavier , Machin Sam , Kitchen Steve , Mackie Ian
Published: March 2023

This guideline has been written on behalf of the International Council for Standardisation in Haematology (ICSH) and focuses on two point of care haematology tests used within primary care, namely International Normalised Ratio (INR) and D‐dimer. Primary care covers out of hospital settings and can include General Practice (GP), Pharmacy and other non‐hospital settings (although these guidelines would also be applicable to hospital out‐patient settings). The recommendations are based on published data in peer reviewed literature and expert opinion; they should supplement regional requirements, regulations or standards.
Long‐term outcomes of corticosteroid graft versus host disease prophylaxis in peripheral blood allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant: a comparative cohort analysis
Authors: Blennerhassett Richard , Othman Jad , Biscoe Amber , Kliman David , Mills Georgia , Blyth Emily , Micklethwaite Kenneth , Kwan John , Bilmon Ian , Bhattacharyya Abir , Panicker Shyam , Fay Keith , Milliken Sam , Ma David , Hamad Nada , Stevenson William , Arthur Chris , Moore John , Greenwood Matthew , Gottlieb David , Kerridge Ian
Published: March 2023

Background

Corticosteroids (CSs) have previously been incorporated into graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens for bone marrow (BM) and haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).

Aims

To assess the impact of prophylactic CS in HSCT using peripheral blood (PB) stem cells.

Methods

Patients were identified from three HSCT centres receiving a first PB‐HSCT between January 2011 and December 2015 from a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling or unrelated donor for acute myeloid leukaemia or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To enable meaningful comparison, patients were divided into two cohorts.

Results

Cohort 1 included only myeloablative‐matched sibling HSCT, where the only variation in GVHD prophylaxis was the addition of CS. In these 48 patients, there were no differences in GVHD, relapse, non‐relapse mortality, overall survival or GVHD‐relapse‐free‐survival (GRFS) at 4 years after transplant. Cohort 2 included the remaining HSCT recipients, where one group received CS‐prophylaxis and the non‐CS group received an antimetabolite, ciclosporin and anti‐T‐lymphocyte globulin. In these 147 patients, those receiving CS‐prophylaxis experienced higher rates of chronic GVHD (71% vs 18.1%, P < 0.001) and lower rates of relapse (14.9% vs 33.9%, P = 0.02). Those receiving CS‐prophylaxis had a lower 4‐year GRFS (15.7% vs 40.3%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

There does not appear to be a role for adding CS to standard GVHD prophylaxis regimens in PB‐HSCT.
Practitioner Review: Common elements in treatments for youth suicide attempts and self‐harm – a practitioner review based on review of treatment elements associated with intervention benefits
Authors: Meza Jocelyn I. , Zullo Lucas , Vargas Sylvanna M. , Ougrin Dennis , Asarnow Joan R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Adopting a common elements approach, this practitioner review aims to highlight specific treatment elements that are common to interventions with demonstrated benefits in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for reducing suicide attempts and self‐harm in youth. Identification of common treatment elements among effective interventions offers a key strategy for clarifying the most robust features of effective interventions and improving our ability to implement effective treatment and decrease the lag between scientific advances and clinical care.

Methods

A systematic search of RCTs evaluating interventions targeting suicide/self‐harm in youth (ages 12–18) yielded a total of 18 RCTs assessing 16 different manualized interventions. An open coding process was used to identify common elements present within each intervention trial. Twenty‐seven common elements were identified and classified into format, process, and content categories. All trials were coded for the inclusion of these common elements by two independent raters. RCTs were also classified into those where trial results supported improvements in suicide/self‐harm behavior (n = 11 supported trials) and those without supported evidence (n = 7 unsupported trials).

Results

Compared with unsupported trials, the 11 supported trials shared the following elements: (a) inclusion of therapy for both the youth and family/caregivers; (b) an emphasis on relationship‐building and the therapeutic alliance; (c) utilization of an individualized case conceptualization to guide treatment; (d) provided skills training (e.g. emotion regulation skills) to both youth and their parents/caregivers; and (e) lethal means restriction counseling as part of self‐harm monitoring and safety planning.

Conclusions

This review highlights key treatment elements associated with efficacy that community practitioners can incorporate in their treatments for youth presenting with suicide/self‐harm behaviors.
Telephone follow‐up contributes to improving adherence and treatment duration in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Tsumura Sayo , Shimose Shigeo , Niizeki Takashi , Kuboyama Eri , Iwamoto Hideki , Tanaka Masatoshi , Moriyama Etusko , Shirono Tomotake , Takaki Kota , Noda Yu , Nakano Masahito , Inoue Mitsutoshi , Tsustumi Kazuki , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Koga Hironori , Higuchi Kyoko , Kawaguchi Takumi
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether telephone follow‐up by clinical pharmacists for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib (LEN) contributes to improved adherence and treatment duration for LEN.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 132 patients with HCC who were treated with LEN. The patients were classified into non‐telephone follow‐up (n = 32) or telephone follow‐up groups (n = 100) [the latter group was further classified into family‐pharmacist (FP) telephone follow‐up (n = 18), or hospital family‐pharmacist (HFP) telephone follow‐up (n = 82) groups].

Results

The progression‐free survival (PFS) in the telephone follow‐up group was significantly higher than that in the non‐telephone follow‐up group (PFS 6.1 months vs 3.7 months, P = 0.001, respectively). Although treatment duration was significantly longer in the telephone follow‐up group than in the non‐telephone follow‐up group [median treatment duration: 10.4 months vs 4.1 months, P = 0.001, respectively.], no significant differences were noted between the HFP telephone follow‐up group and FP telephone follow‐up groups (10.3 months vs 13.3 months, P = 0.543). Self‐interruption and adverse‐event discontinuation in the HFP‐telephone follow‐up group were significantly lower than those in the FP‐telephone and non‐telephone groups (0% vs 11.1% vs 18.8%; P < 0.001, 25.6% vs 33.3% vs 53.1%; P = 0.022, respectively).

Conclusions

Telephone follow‐up contributes to prolonged treatment duration for LEN in patients with HCC treated. Moreover, telephone follow‐up with an HFP may further improve treatment adherence.
Training support workers about the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities: an Australian pre–post pilot study
Authors: Wilson N. J. , Barratt M. , Jorgensen M. , Limbu B. , Donley M. , Buchholtz M. , Smith V. , Deb S.
Published: March 2023

Background

There is evidence that psychotropic medications are overprescribed and overused to manage behaviours of concern for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability support workers and support staff lack education and training on the administration and safety of psychotropic medication use. This study aimed to test the applicability and preliminary efficacy of SPECTROM, an education programme developed in the UK, in an Australian context.

Methods

The training comprises two parts: Module 1 encompasses psychotropic medications, their use and side effects. Module 2 focuses on non‐pharmacological interventions for supporting people with behaviours of concern. Thirty‐three participants attended the training course and completed pre‐training and post‐training surveys on the Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire and Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale‐Revised at four time points: pre‐training, 2 weeks, 3 months and 5 months post‐training.

Results

Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire scores showed statistically significant post‐training improvement at all post‐training time points (P < 0.05). Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale‐Revised scores were high at pre‐training and did not change significantly at any of the post‐training survey time points. A 2‐week post‐training feedback questionnaire reported 80% agreement that the training programme was appropriate, useful and valid. Only 36% of participants completed questionnaires at all time points.

Conclusions

SPECTROM training increased staff knowledge of psychotropic medications, yet loss of participants was high. Further refinement of the applicability of the training for the Australian context and evaluation of the feasibility of implementation, clinical and cost‐effectiveness of the programme are required.
Journal of Neurochemistry embraces Transparent Peer Review
Authors: Lawrence Andrew J. , Prado Marco A. M.
Published: March 2023

In this editorial we explain how the Journal of Neurochemistry will embrace Transparent Peer Review. Our goal is to enhance the experience for authors, readers, reviewers, and handling editors and to provide a sound platform for neurochemistry publications. This development is part of our ongoing drive to maintain and further increase the value of the Journal of Neurochemistry for the scientific community.
Disruptive accountability? Temporal regimes and social change in decolonization struggles in Belgium
Authors: DESTROOPER TINE
Published: March 2023

To address the legacies of colonialism, several former colonial states have implemented a range of initiatives commonly considered to belong to the domain of transitional justice (TJ). These contexts are, however, very different from those for which TJ was initially conceptualized. As such, the implementation of elements from the TJ toolbox in these decolonization struggles raises several questions, which this article seeks to address. One of these questions relates to how diverging temporalities affect central normative objectives of TJ, such as accountability. The Belgian case is used to explore how a more pertinent approach to transitional temporalities enables a ‘thicker’ understanding of accountability that re‐centres the debate around accountability's normative objectives in ways that are aligned with the objectives of decolonization struggles. I call this encompassing approach to accountability ‘disruptive accountability’ to underline the normative objective of disrupting harmful social structures and relations.
Employing Genealogies Responsibly in Theology: A Proposal
Authors: Aspray Silvianne
Published: March 2023

Genealogical writing has become influential in theology in the past decades. This article critically evaluates the use of the genre of ‘genealogy’ in theology, suggesting that theologians should employ genealogies in (1) an involved and (2) conjectural way. It argues that it generally benefits any genealogy to be involved and conjectural, before showing why there are genuinely theological reasons for taking such stances, making this approach particularly fitting for theologians who wish to employ genealogies.
Does passion matter for team innovation? The conditional indirect effects of team harmonious versus obsessive passion via team reflexivity
Authors: Wei Xin , Liao Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Dong Yuntao , Li Ning
Published: March 2023

This research examines how team members’ passion for innovation compiles to contribute to team innovation. We argue that team mean passion influences team innovation by affecting team reflexivity, which is a key team process for members to collectively reflect on and adjust their efforts toward achieving innovation goals. The indirect effect of mean passion on team innovation via team reflexivity depends on the nature of passion—harmonious passion (HP) versus obsessive passion (OP)—and the diversity of the corresponding type of passion. Results from a two‐wave field study of 131 teams and a three‐wave field study of 155 teams support the differential effects of compiled HP and OP. Moreover, the effect of mean HP on team reflexivity and its indirect effect on team innovation via reflexivity were less positive when HP diversity was higher rather than lower, while the effect of mean OP on team reflexivity and its indirect effect on team innovation via reflexivity were less negative when OP diversity was higher rather than lower. This research offers important theoretical and practical implications for literatures on passion, teams, and team innovation.
Application of the ecobiodevelopmental model for research among youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret , Ford Jodi L. , Slesnick Natasha
Published: March 2023

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) often face increased levels of adversity and higher rates of trauma, suicide, and mortality compared to their housed peers. A multi‐level life course lens is proposed by applying the ecobiodevelopmental model to examine social support mechanisms as a buffer to psychopathologies following adversity within YEH. Further discussion contributes to the theoretical basis for future public health research and intervention work addressing youth homelessness and related adversities.
Oral hygiene status in individuals with hearing difficulties: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bhadauria Upendra Singh , Purohit Bharathi , Agarwal Deepali , Priya Harsh , Upadhyay Ashish
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Most studies focusing on oral hygiene status in hearing impaired individuals are cross‐sectional and focus on specific populations. A comprehensive literature search and evidence‐based analysis was carried out to assess the oral hygiene status in this special group of population.

Methods

Searches were conducted in four databases with no restriction on publication date. Cross‐sectional and comparative cross‐sectional studies assessing the oral hygiene status and periodontal status of hearing impaired individuals using standardized evaluation criteria were included. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of bias were carried out by four reviewers and oral hygiene, plaque, and gingival status were assessed. The risk of bias assessment was carried out by New Castle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. 29 relevant publications that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the systematic review whereas six studies each assessing oral hygiene and plaque status and five studies evaluating the gingival status were included in the Meta‐analysis.

Results

Eight thousand eight hundred and ninety (8890) potentially relevant references were identified in the systematic literature search. The overall analysis of the included studies revealed a mean oral hygiene index score of 1.60 (95% CI 0.91‐2.30), Gingival Index scores 1.27 (95% CI 1.02–1.51), and Plaque Index score 0.99 (95% CI 0.75–2.30) among the hearing impaired individuals.

Conclusion

The present study reported fair oral hygiene, fair plaque status, and moderate gingivitis among the hearing impaired individuals.
Information theory and machine learning illuminate large‐scale metabolomic responses of Brachypodium distachyon to environmental change
Authors: Mahood Elizabeth H. , Bennett Alexandra A. , Komatsu Karyn , Kruse Lars H. , Lau Vincent , Rahmati Ishka Maryam , Jiang Yulin , Bravo Armando , Louie Katherine , Bowen Benjamin P. , Harrison Maria J. , Provart Nicholas J. , Vatamaniuk Olena K. , Moghe Gaurav D.
Published: March 2023

Plant responses to environmental change are mediated via changes in cellular metabolomes. However, <5% of signals obtained from liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) can be identified, limiting our understanding of how metabolomes change under biotic/abiotic stress. To address this challenge, we performed untargeted LC‐MS/MS of leaves, roots, and other organs of Brachypodium distachyon (Poaceae) under 17 organ–condition combinations, including copper deficiency, heat stress, low phosphate, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. We found that both leaf and root metabolomes were significantly affected by the growth medium. Leaf metabolomes were more diverse than root metabolomes, but the latter were more specialized and more responsive to environmental change. We found that 1 week of copper deficiency shielded the root, but not the leaf metabolome, from perturbation due to heat stress. Machine learning (ML)‐based analysis annotated approximately 81% of the fragmented peaks versus approximately 6% using spectral matches alone. We performed one of the most extensive validations of ML‐based peak annotations in plants using thousands of authentic standards, and analyzed approximately 37% of the annotated peaks based on these assessments. Analyzing responsiveness of each predicted metabolite class to environmental change revealed significant perturbations of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and flavonoids. Co‐accumulation analysis further identified condition‐specific biomarkers. To make these results accessible, we developed a visualization platform on the Bio‐Analytic Resource for Plant Biology website (https://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_brachypodium_metabolites/cgi‐bin/efpWeb.cgi), where perturbed metabolite classes can be readily visualized. Overall, our study illustrates how emerging chemoinformatic methods can be applied to reveal novel insights into the dynamic plant metabolome and stress adaptation.
Conjugate-Based Numerical Analysis of Parabolic Trough Receiver Pipe With Temperature-Dependent Thermo-Physical Properties of Heat Transfer Fluid Under Laminar Flow Regime
Authors: Anand Sumeet , Kumar Sumit
Published: March 2023

In this article, the use of gas as a working fluid in the parabolic trough receiver (PTR) has been investigated numerically. The present study aims to determine which gas will work best as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) by analyzing the impact of several gases on the PTR’s performance. So, gases, such as carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, methane, neon, and air, are considered in the present study, which flow through a thick-wall stainless steel pipe under a laminar flow regime. The temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties of the gas are considered. The finite difference method (FDM) with the harmonic mean technique is employed to solve this conjugate heat transfer problem. The current research findings are verified with those reported in the literature and are in excellent agreement. The grid-independent study is conducted to choose the optimal grid size. After that, the multi-objective function optimization technique and performance enhancement factor (PEF) is used to select the best suitable HTF, and it found that hydrogen gas is most appropriate based on these two criteria. Then, the influence of various parametric studies such as Reynolds number, solar flux, and receiver pipe thickness on the Nusselt number has been carried out. It is found that the Nusselt number increases with the Reynolds number while it decreases with solar flux and receiver pipe thickness. The significance of the current study may aid in choosing the appropriate gas as HTF in the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC).
Exploring the Delivery of Swimming and Water Safety Teacher Training to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities
Authors:   AUSTSWIM, Savage Melissa Anne , Franklin Richard ,   James Cook University
Published: March 2023

The dearth of information on the delivery of specific culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) programs presents a major limitation in the effort to prevent drowning, particularly when drowning rates of people from countries other than Australia are increasing. This study describes programs delivered by the aquatic industry for CALD communities in New South Wales (NSW), explores what CALD communities believe their water safety education needs are, and evaluates AUSTSWIM’s current training methods to ascertain which is most effective when training candidates from CALD communities. We found an absence of specialized aquatic programs being run at aquatic facilities for CALD communities. Barriers to participation included a lack of understanding of the cultural perceptions toward water safety and the different emphasis on the need for swimming skills and water safety education. The likelihood of AUSTSWIM Teacher of Swimming and Water Safety candidates’ having successful aquatic training outcomes increases with a combined learning approach that pairs meaningful practical applications with ongoing mentor support. Engagement of CALD communities’ using these kind of water safety programs will be essential if Australia wants to reduce the drowning burden.
Prevalence of Inadequate Hydration Levels in Aquatic Safety Personnel: A Pilot Study
Authors:   Indiana University - Bloomington, Ramos William , Anderson Austin Robert ,   University of Southern Indiana, Fletcher Allison Lee ,   Indiana University - Bloomington
Published: March 2023

Lifeguards play an important role in the security and safety of those they are hired to protect. A performance issue may arise if they succumb to circumstances that cause them to become physically or psychologically compromised. Dehydration is one issue that can result in decreased levels of workplace performance and pose personal health risks. Certified lifeguards 15 years old and older were tested for urine specific gravity (USG) to determine their place within the dehydration spec- trum. Participants (N = 55) were recruited from seven test sites offering a variety of designs (indoor/outdoor, traditional/waterpark) and classifications (private, semipublic, public). Testing involved the collection of a urine specimen from participants and immediate recording of specific gravity using a reagent test strip by researchers. A brief survey to collect demographic information from subjects was also administered. The majority of participants were found to reside along the dehydration spectrum (USG ≥ 1.015), several showing results toward the severe end of the scale. The sample provided adequate demographic variability among males and females and facility classification types. No statistically significant differences were found between the demographic variables and USG scores of subjects. Since the majority of lifeguards in the sample showed some level of dehydration, this indicated a need for more information concerning lifeguards and dehydration. Despite the lack of statistically significant differences among the demographic factors within this sample, future studies should incorporate other behavioral factors and dehydration testing methods to investigate the mechanisms for preventing dehydration as well as its impact on lifeguarding performance.
Physiological and Psychophysical Aspects of Shallow Water Exercise
Authors:   Central Washington University, D'Acquisto Leo Joseph , Miller Laura Jean ,   Central Washington University, D'Acquisto Debra Mary ,   Central Washington University, Roemer Karen ,   Central Washington University, Fisher Mitchell Grant ,   Central Washington University
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the cardiorespiratory responses to perceptually self- regulated shallow water exercise (SR-SWE) efforts. Females (26 ± 6 years) performed a series of SWE bouts prescribed at rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 (Borg scale) and an incremental, SR-SWE bout to a max of RPE 20. Oxygen uptake (VO2 ), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BLa) were monitored. VO 2, HR, and BLa ranged from 0.68 ± 0.13 l·min –1 , 90 ± 16 bpm, 2.0 ± 0.7 mM (RPE 9) to 2.21 ± 0.21 l·min–1 , 162 ± 11 bpm, and 3.9 ± 1.6 mM (RPE 17), respectively. Peak VO2, HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and BLa were 2.72 ± 0.33 l·min –1 , 181 ± 7 bpm, 1.05 ± 0.05, and 8.1 ± 1.7 mM, respectively. The group linear regression equation was as follows: VO 2 = –0.97 ± 0.189 (RPE), R2 = .89 (p < .0001). The regression model predicted VO 2 peak of 2.81 ± 0.28 l·min –1 equivalent to the measured value of 2.72 ± 0.33 l·min–1 (p = .33). Findings suggest that self-regulation of intensity based on prescribed RPE is a viable way of regulating intensity while exercising in a shallow water medium.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. Strain N5, Isolated from a Recreational Freshwater Kettle Lake in Ontario
Authors: Bryan Noah , Anderson Rebecca , Lawal Opeyemi U. , Parreira Valeria R. , Goodridge Lawrence
Published: March 2023

Exiguobacterium
spp. are facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli, reported to tolerate extreme environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. strain N5, isolated from a recreational freshwater lake.
Supplemental Material: Phosphorus deficit in continental crust induced by recycling of apatite-bearing cumulates
Authors: Cai Ronghua , Liu Jingao , al. et
Published: March 2023

Data compilation, data source and filtering methods. 
Geographically skewed recruitment and COVID-19 seroprevalence estimates: a cross-sectional serosurveillance study and mathematical modelling analysis
Authors: Brown Tyler , de Salazar Munoz Pablo Martinez , Bhatia Abhishek , Bunda Bridget , Williams Ellen K , Bor David , Miller James S , Mohareb Amir , Thierauf Julia , Yang Wenxin , Villalba Julian , Naranbai Vivek , Garcia Beltran Wilfredo , Miller Tyler E , Kress Doug , Stelljes Kristen , Johnson Keith , Larremore Dan , Lennerz Jochen , Iafrate A John , Balsari Satchit , Buckee Caroline , Grad Yonatan
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Convenience sampling is an imperfect but important tool for seroprevalence studies. For COVID-19, local geographic variation in cases or vaccination can confound studies that rely on the geographically skewed recruitment inherent to convenience sampling. The objectives of this study were: (1) quantifying how geographically skewed recruitment influences SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates obtained via convenience sampling and (2) developing new methods that employ Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived foot traffic data to measure and minimise bias and uncertainty due to geographically skewed recruitment.

Design

We used data from a local convenience-sampled seroprevalence study to map the geographic distribution of study participants’ reported home locations and compared this to the geographic distribution of reported COVID-19 cases across the study catchment area. Using a numerical simulation, we quantified bias and uncertainty in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates obtained using different geographically skewed recruitment scenarios. We employed GPS-derived foot traffic data to estimate the geographic distribution of participants for different recruitment locations and used this data to identify recruitment locations that minimise bias and uncertainty in resulting seroprevalence estimates.

Results

The geographic distribution of participants in convenience-sampled seroprevalence surveys can be strongly skewed towards individuals living near the study recruitment location. Uncertainty in seroprevalence estimates increased when neighbourhoods with higher disease burden or larger populations were undersampled. Failure to account for undersampling or oversampling across neighbourhoods also resulted in biased seroprevalence estimates. GPS-derived foot traffic data correlated with the geographic distribution of serosurveillance study participants.

Conclusions

Local geographic variation in seropositivity is an important concern in SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies that rely on geographically skewed recruitment strategies. Using GPS-derived foot traffic data to select recruitment sites and recording participants’ home locations can improve study design and interpretation.
Changes in mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the 1990s to the 2000s: a pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies
Authors: Sato Susumu , Oga Toru , Muro Shigeo , Tanimura Kazuya , Tanabe Naoya , Nishimura Koichi , Hirai Toyohiro
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to identify and investigate changes in the mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the same institute from the 1990s to the 2000s. We hypothesised that the improvement in long-term mortality of COPD was achieved due to the development of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.

Design

This study was a retrospective analysis of two observational prospective cohort studies. One study enrolled subjects from 1995 to 1997 (the 1990s), and the other enrolled subjects from 2005 to 2009 (the 2000s).

Setting

Two studies from a single centre, which was the same university hospital in Japan.

Participants

Patients with stable COPD.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We analysed all-cause mortality data from the pooled database. Subanalyses were conducted by stratifying subjects into two groups according to airflow limitation severity as severe/very severe (per cent predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1) <50%) or mild/moderate (%FEV1≥50%).

Results

In total, 280 male patients with COPD were enrolled. Patients in the 2000s (n=130) were significantly older (71.6 vs 68.7 years) and had milder disease (%FEV1; 57.6% vs 47.1%) than those in the 1990s (n=150). Almost all severe/very severe patients in the 2000s received long-acting bronchodilators (LABDs), and they had a significantly lower risk of mortality than those in the 1990s according to Cox proportional regression analyses (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.78), with a 48% reduction in 5-year mortality (from 31.0% to 16.1%). Moreover, any LABD use had a significantly positive impact on prognosis, even after adjustments for age, FEV1, smoking status, dyspnoea, body size, oxygen therapy and study period.

Conclusions

Trends indicating a better prognosis for patients with COPD in the 2000s were observed. This improvement may be associated with the usage of LABDs.
Effectiveness of spiritual interventions on psychological outcomes and quality of life among paediatric patients with cancer: a study protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Liu Qi , Ho Ka Yan , Lam Katherine Ka Wai , Ho Jacqueline Mei Chi , Lam Winsome , Ma Polly , Abu-Odah Hammoda , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Ling Dong-Lan , Ching Shirley-Siu-Yin , Wong Frances-Kam-Yuet
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cancer and its treatment affect children’s physical, psychological and social well-being throughout the disease trajectory. Spiritual well-being is a fundamental dimension of people’s overall health and is considered a source of strength to motivate patients to cope with and adapt to their disease. Appropriate spiritual interventions are important to mitigate the psychological impact of cancer on children, with an ultimate goal of improving their quality of life (QoL) throughout the treatment course. However, the overall effectiveness of spiritual interventions for paediatric patients with cancer remains unclear. This paper describes a protocol to systematically summarise the characteristics of studies related to existing spiritual interventions and synthesise their effectiveness on psychological outcomes and QoL among children with cancer.

Methods and analysis

Ten databases will be searched to identify appropriate literature: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, OpenSIGLE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Medical Current Contents and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. All randomised controlled trials that meet our inclusion criteria will be included. The primary outcome will be QoL as evaluated by self-reported measures. The secondary outcomes will be self-reported or objectively measured psychological outcomes, including anxiety and depression. Review Manager V.5.3 will be used to synthesise the data, calculate treatment effects, perform any subgroup analyses and assess the risk of bias in included studies.

Ethical and dissemination

The results will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. As no individual data will be involved in this review, ethical approval is not required.
EffectiveNess of a multimodal preHAbilitation program in patieNts with bladder canCEr undergoing radical cystectomy: protocol of the ENHANCE multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Akdemir Emine , Sweegers Maike G , Vrieling Alina , Rundqvist Helene , Meijer Richard P , Leliveld-Kors Annemarie M , van der Heijden Antoine G , Rutten Vera C , Koldewijn Evert L , Bos Siebe D , Wijburg Carl J , Marcelissen Tom A T , Bongers Bart C , Retèl Valesca P , van Harten Wim H , May Anne M , Groen Wim G , Stuiver Martijn M
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as well as for patients with therapy refractory high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, 50–65% of patients undergoing RC experience perioperative complications. The risk, severity and impact of these complications is associated with a patient’s preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness, nutritional and smoking status and presence of anxiety and depression. There is emerging evidence supporting multimodal prehabilitation as a strategy to reduce the risk of complications and improve functional recovery after major cancer surgery. However, for bladder cancer the evidence is still limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the superiority of a multimodal prehabilitation programme versus standard-of-care in terms of reducing perioperative complications in patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC.

Methods and analysis

This multicentre, open label, prospective, randomised controlled trial, will include 154 patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC. Patients are recruited from eight hospitals in The Netherlands and will be randomly (1:1) allocated to the intervention group receiving a structured multimodal prehabilitation programme of approximately 3–6 weeks, or to the control group receiving standard-of-care. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients who develop one or more grade ≥2 complications (according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) within 90 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include cardiorespiratory fitness, length of hospital stay, health-related quality of life, tumour tissue biomarkers of hypoxia, immune cell infiltration and cost-effectiveness. Data collection will take place at baseline, before surgery and 4 and 12 weeks after surgery.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee NedMec (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) under reference number 22–595/NL78792.031.22. Results of the study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05480735.
Interest in advance provision of abortion pills: a national survey of potential users in the USA
Authors: Lerma Klaira , Blumenthal Paul D
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess interest in clinician-administered advance provision of abortion pills among potential users in the USA.

Methods

Using social media advertisements, we recruited people living in the USA who were aged 18–45 years and assigned female at birth, who were not pregnant or planning pregnancy, for an online survey on reproductive health experiences and attitudes. We explored interest in advance provision of abortion pills, participant characteristics, including demographics and pregnancy history, contraceptive use, abortion knowledge and comfort, and healthcare system distrust. We used descriptive statistics to assess interest in advance provision, and ordinal regression modelling to evaluate differences in interest controlling for age, pregnancy history, contraceptive use, familiarity and comfort with medication abortion, and healthcare system distrust, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

From January-February 2022, we recruited 634 diverse respondents from 48 states, among whom 65% were interested, 12% neutral, and 23% disinterested in advance provision. There were no differences among interest groups by US region, race/ethnicity, or income. In the model, variables associated with interest included being aged 18–24 years (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.4) versus 35–45 years, using a tier 1 (permanent or long-acting reversible) or tier 2 (short-acting hormonal) contraceptive method (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1, and aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.9, respectively) versus no contraception, being familiar or comfortable with the medication abortion process (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.8 to 6.2, and aOR 17.1, 95% CI 10.0 to 29.0, respectively), and having high healthcare system distrust (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4) versus low distrust.

Conclusion

As abortion access becomes more constrained, strategies are needed to ensure timely access. Advance provision is of interest to the majority of those surveyed and warrants further policy and logistical exploration.
Managing painful shoulder after neurological injury
Authors: Lakra Celine , Higgins Rachel , Beare Benjamin , Farrell Rachel , Ajina Sara , Burns Sophia , Lee Marcus , Swayne Orlando
Published: March 2023

Shoulder pain is common after neurological injury and can be disabling, lead to poor functional outcomes and increase care costs. Its cause is multifactoral and several pathologies contribute to the presentation. Astute diagnostic skills and a multidisciplinary approach are required to recognise what is clinically relevant and to implement appropriate stepwise management. In the absence of large clinical trial data, we aim to provide a comprehensive, practical and pragmatic overview of shoulder pain in patients with neurological conditions. We use available evidence to produce a management guideline, taking into account specialty opinions from neurology, rehabilitation medicine, orthopaedics and physiotherapy.
Association between type I interferon pathway activation and clinical outcomes in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic literature review informing EULAR points to consider
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Burska Agata , Conaghan P G , Dik Willem A , Biesen Robert , Eloranta Maija-Leena , Cavalli Giulio , Visser Marianne , Boumpas Dimitrios T , Bertsias George , Wahren-Herlenius Marie , Rehwinkel Jan , Frémond Marie-Louise , Crow Mary K , Ronnblom Lars , Vital Ed , Versnel Marjan
Published: March 2023

Background

Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of IFN-I pathway activation may have clinical value. Although several IFN-I pathway assays have been proposed, the exact clinical applications are unclear. We summarise the evidence on the potential clinical utility of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted across three databases to evaluate the use of IFN-I assays in diagnosis and monitor disease activity, prognosis, response to treatment and responsiveness to change in several RMDs.

Results

Of 366 screened, 276 studies were selected that reported the use of assays reflecting IFN-I pathway activation for disease diagnosis (n=188), assessment of disease activity (n=122), prognosis (n=20), response to treatment (n=23) and assay responsiveness (n=59). Immunoassays, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarrays were reported most frequently, while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, systemic sclerosis and primary Sjögren’s syndrome were the most studied RMDs. The literature demonstrated significant heterogeneity in techniques, analytical conditions, risk of bias and application in diseases. Inadequate study designs and technical heterogeneity were the main limitations. IFN-I pathway activation was associated with disease activity and flare occurrence in SLE, but their incremental value was uncertain. IFN-I pathway activation may predict response to IFN-I targeting therapies and may predict response to different treatments.

Conclusions

Evidence indicates potential clinical value of assays measuring IFN-I pathway activation in several RMDs, but assay harmonisation and clinical validation are urged. This review informs the EULAR points to consider for the measurement and reporting of IFN-I pathway assays.