bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow and Thixotropic Parameters for Rheological Characterization of Hydrogels
Authors: Ghica Mihaela , Hîrjău Mircea , Lupuleasa Dumitru , Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina-Elena
Published: June 2016

The goal of this paper was to design several sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels containing a BCS class II model drug and to evaluate their flow and thixotropic properties. The rheological measurements were performed at two temperatures (23 °C and 37 °C), using a rotational viscometer. The hydrogels were stirred at different time intervals (10 s, 2, 5, 10 and 20 min at 23 °C, and 10 s, 2 and 5 min at 37 °C), with a maximum rotational speed of 60 rpm, and the corresponding forward and backward rheograms were recorded as shear stress vs. shear rate. For all hydrogels, the rheological data obtained at both temperatures showed a decrease of viscosity with the increase of the shear rate, highlighting a pseudoplastic behaviour. The flow profiles viscosity vs. shear rate were quantified through power law model, meanwhile the flow curves shear stress vs. shear rate were assessed by applying the Herschel-Bulkley model. The thixotropic character was evaluated through different descriptors: thixotropic area, thixotropic index, thixotropic constant and destructuration thixotropic coefficient. The gel-forming polymer concentration and the rheological experiments temperature significantly influence the flow and thixotropic parameters values of the designed hydrogels. The rheological characteristics described have an impact on the drug release microenvironment and determine the stasis time at the application site.
Evaluation of the Promotion of Through-Life Management in Public Private Partnerships for Infrastructure
Authors: Koskela Lauri , Rooke John , Siriwardena Mohan
Published: June 2016

One justification of public private partnerships (PPP) is the alleged benefit they offer in terms of through-life management (TLM). Aiming at an evaluation of this claim, the dominant reasoning connecting PPPs and TLM is first defined: In creating a single point of responsibility and a long temporal involvement, the PPP model provides an effective incentive to implement TLM. This reasoning is first evaluated through prior large scale studies and through two case studies undertaken by the authors. No substantial evidence of TLM benefits is found. To identify the causes for this gap between intention and achievement, a critical review of the PPP literature supported by insights from management and organization theory is undertaken. Four problems in the reasoning are found to explain the gap: fragmentation is factually prevailing; not all parties in PPPs intend to have a long term commitment to the project; there may be competing incentives for some parties; and the effort to achieve the change and learning necessary for TLM may be missing. It is concluded that for the TLM benefits to be achieved, the PPP model has to be redesigned to secure incentivisation towards TLM and to incorporate TLM mechanisms at the level of the production system.
The Immunomodulator VacA Promotes Immune Tolerance and Persistent Helicobacter pylori Infection through Its Activities on T-Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells
Authors: Djekic Aleksandra , Müller Anne
Published: June 2016

VacA is a pore-forming toxin that has long been known to induce vacuolization in gastric epithelial cells and to be linked to gastric disorders caused by H. pylori infection. Its role as a major colonization and persistence determinant of H. pylori is less well-understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various target cell types of VacA and its mechanism of action; specifically, we focus on the evidence showing that VacA targets myeloid cells and T-cells to directly and indirectly prevent H. pylori-specific T-cell responses and immune control of the infection. In particular, the ability of VacA-proficient H. pylori to skew T-cell responses towards regulatory T-cells and the effects of Tregs on H. pylori chronicity are highlighted. The by-stander effects of VacA-driven immunomodulation on extragastric diseases are discussed as well.
Synthesis, fluorescence properties and the promising cytotoxicity of pyrene–derived aminophosphonates
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Rodriguez Moya Maria , Wrona-Piotrowicz Anna , Zakrzewski Janusz , Kontek Renata , Gajek Gabriela
Published: June 2016

A large series of variously substituted amino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic acid derivatives was synthesized using a modified aza-Pudovik reaction in 20–97% yields. The fluorescence properties of the obtained compounds were investigated revealing that N-alkylamino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic derivatives are stronger emissive compounds than the corresponding N-aryl derivatives. N-Benzylamino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic acid displayed strong fluorescence (ΦF = 0.68) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The influence of a series of derivatives on two colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 was also investigated. The most promising results were obtained for N-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonate, which was found to be cytotoxic for the HCT116 cancer cell line (IC50 = 20.8 μM), simultaneously showing weak toxicity towards normal lymphocytes (IC50 = 230.8 µM).
LE CORBUSIER'S PLAN FOR BUENOS AIRES. USEFUL EXPLANATIONS ON THE BIRTH OF THE CITIES
Authors: Rigotti Ana María
Published: June 2016

Intuited during Le Corbusier’s trip to Sudamerica in 1929 and developed in 1937, the plan for Buenos Aires contradicts general assumptions about his early urban theories. It is not a generic proposal that breaks with the inertia of geographical, histori- cal and formal precedents. On the contrary, it follows Marcel Poëte theory of the cities as organic souls whose destiny is registered in their birth. The Plan is founded on an interpretation of the geographic settings and proposes a metamorphosis of the city on their own footprints, such as they were sketched on a map of 1713. This radical change in Le Corbusier’s formal and theoretical presumptions is due to the intuition of buildings with engineering scale in contrast with the magnitude of the American landscape. Also to the material provided by a previous urban project for Buenos Aires by the Comisión de Estética Edilicia (1925) with a clear agenda for the urban future and a historical interpretation of its historical development filled with old maps and photographs: this publication acted as a hidden dossier and inspired Le Corbusier’s proposal.
LE CORBUSIER: URBAN VISIONS THROUGH THRESHOLDS
Authors: Fontana Maria Pia , Mayorga Miguel , Roa Margarita
Published: June 2016

In Le Corbusier’s work the threshold is represented like a revealing and enigmatic space that define the relations of the limit or boundary, the separation and the union between the buildings and the urban spaces, and the space that defines, qualifies and characterises the minimum condition of urbanity of any work of architecture, irrespective of its use or scale. Through an analysis of the draws based on the study of the six notebooks of The Voyage d’Orient (1911), and of the study of the urban settings visited, we verified that the threshold is, for Le Corbusier, a space or sequence of spaces organised under the idea of “plan” of variable thickness or extension, that includes both criteria and guidelines of order as well as solutions for managing the limits or boundaries in architecture, as well as its relation with space and the involvement with its surroundings, that is to say, we have also focused on highlighting how the architecture in itself, attends to an order that as well as being articulated and unitary, is extended by means of doors, frames, courtyards, terraces, sheds and exterior spaces, that incorporate both the nearby urban landscape as well as the distant cityscape.
LONG-TERM STUDY OF THE DOUBLE PULSAR J0737–3039 WITH XMM-NEWTON: PULSAR TIMING
Authors: Iacolina M. N. , Pellizzoni A. , Egron E. , Possenti A. , Breton R. , Lyutikov M. , Kramer M. , Burgay M. , Motta S. E. , Luca A. De , Tiengo A.
Published: June 2016

The relativistic double neutron star binary PSR J0737−3039 shows clear evidence of orbital phase-dependent wind-companion interaction, both in radio and X-rays. In this paper, we present the results of timing analysis of PSR J0737−3039 performed during 2006 and 2011 XMM-Newton Large Programs that collected ∼20,000 X-ray counts from the system. We detected pulsations from PSR J0737−3039A (PSR A) through the most accurate timing measurement obtained by XMM-Newton so far, the spin period error being of 2 × 10−13 s. PSR A’s pulse profile in X-rays is very stable despite significant relativistic spin precession that occurred within the time span of observations. This yields a constraint on the misalignment between the spin axis and the orbital momentum axis

deg, consistent with estimates based on radio data. We confirmed pulsed emission from PSR J0737−3039B (PSR B) in X-rays even after its disappearance in radio. The unusual phenomenology of PSR B’s X-ray emission includes orbital pulsed flux and profile variations as well as a loss of pulsar phase coherence on timescales of years. We hypothesize that this is due to the interaction of PSR A’s wind with PSR B’s magnetosphere and the orbital-dependent penetration of the wind plasma onto PSR B closed field lines. Finally, the analysis of the full XMM-Newton data set provided evidence of orbital flux variability (∼7%) for the first time, involving a bow-shock scenario between PSR A’s wind and PSR B’s magnetosphere.
OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORBIT AND LOCATION OF PLANET NINE IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Batygin Konstantin
Published: June 2016

We use an extensive suite of numerical simulations to constrain the mass and orbit of Planet Nine, the recently proposed perturber in a distant eccentric orbit in the outer solar system. We compare our simulations to the observed population of aligned eccentric high semimajor axis Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) and determine which simulation parameters are statistically compatible with the observations. We find that only a narrow range of orbital elements can reproduce the observations. In particular, the combination of semimajor axis, eccentricity, and mass of Planet Nine strongly dictates the semimajor axis range of the orbital confinement of the distant eccentric KBOs. Allowed orbits, which confine KBOs with semimajor axis beyond 380 au, have perihelia roughly between 150 and 350 au, semimajor axes between 380 and 980 au, and masses between 5 and 20 Earth masses. Orbitally confined objects also generally have orbital planes similar to that of the planet, suggesting that the planet is inclined approximately 30°to the ecliptic. We compare the allowed orbital positions and estimated brightness of Planet Nine to previous and ongoing surveys which would be sensitive to the planet’s detection and use these surveys to rule out approximately two-thirds of the planet’s orbit. Planet Nine is likely near aphelion with an approximate brightness of

22
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. At opposition, its motion, mainly due to parallax, can easily be detected within 24 hours.
GOVERNANÇA E REGULAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS PORTUÁRIOS: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DOS SERVIÇOS DE PRATICAGEM EM PORTOS BRASILEIROS E ESPANHÓIS
Authors: Bergmann Borges Vieira Guilherme , Senna Luiz Afonso Dos Santos , Kliemann Neto Francisco José , Da Silva Rafael Mozart , Costa Priscila Coutinho
Published: June 2016

Os portos são elementos-chave na rede global de transporte marítimo, sendo responsáveis pela interface terra-mar. Para a adequada gestão portuária, é necessária a compreensão do porto em um sentido mais amplo, considerando os diferentes atores que participam da cadeia logístico-portuária e as diversas atividades desenvolvidas no porto. Entre tais atividades, estão os serviços marítimos que antecedem a atracação dos navios nos portos e, particularmente, os serviços de praticagem, os quais são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e eficiência das operações portuárias e influenciam os custos de escala dos navios. Nos últimos anos, vêm se aprofundando a discussão sobre a adequação do modelo de praticagem brasileiro e sobre seu alinhamento com os modelos existentes em outros países. Nesse sentido, uma questão importante diz respeito à relação entre o modelo de praticagem adotado e os resultados obtidos, especificamente no que se refere aos preços dos serviços e à taxa de ocupação do sistema. Dado esse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar comparativamente os serviços de praticagem nos portos de Santos, Valência e Barcelona, tomando-se como base um modelo conceitual de análise da governança portuária e seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa-exploratória. Os resultados indicam que a falta de regulação econômica dos serviços de praticagem no Brasil tem acarretado preços elevados por manobra e baixa produtividade por prático no porto de Santos, o que se torna visível mediante a comparação com os portos espanhóis estudados.
Confiabilidade de Sistemas Redundantes com Reparo em uma Refinaria de Petróleo
Authors: Silveira Santos Lucas , Pinotti Fernanda , Luis Duarte Ribeiro José , Cabral Botelho Heitor
Published: June 2016

Sistemas com alta confiabilidade são, atualmente, imprescindíveis para as empresas, por questões de produtividade, disponibilidade e segurança. A redundância dos equipamentos é uma das formas utilizadas para assegurar tal necessidade, exigindo, paralelamente, análises quantitativas das falhas resultantes das condições operacionais às quais os equipamentos estão submetidos. Este estudo foi motivado pela necessidade de uma refinaria de petróleo avaliar e aumentar a confiabilidade de seus sistemas redundantes. Assim, este artigo apresenta uma análise quantitativa da confiabilidade dos sistemas e propõe alterações para aumentar a confiabilidade de tais sistemas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que se baseia em análises quantitativas, contemplando a modelagem de distribuições de probabilidade e curvas de sensibilidade, para avaliar as falhas nos equipamentos e a confiabilidade dos sistemas. A partir dos resultados, foi possível perceber a forte relação existente entre a confiabilidade dos sistemas, o tipo de arranjo dos equipamentos e os respectivos tempos de reparo e de bom funcionamento dos componentes.
Relação entre Responsabilidade Social Interna e Saúde e Segurança Ocupacional: uma revisão da literatura estruturada
Authors: Silva Sávio Luís Oliveira , Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves
Published: June 2016

Organizações socialmente responsáveis devem prezar, primeiramente, pela saúde e bem estar do seu público interno (empregados), antes mesmo de realizar ações que beneficiem o público externo. Neste sentido, a Ergonomia pode ser de fundamental importância no constructo de condições favoráveis ao trabalho e de melhorias na saúde e segurança do trabalhador. A interseção entre Responsabilidade Social Organizacional (RSO) e Saúde e Segurança Ocupacional (SSO) propõe um tema importante a ser abordado em pesquisas atuais e futuras, na medida em que os aspectos referentes às condições de trabalho são cada vez mais latentes. A presente pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como uma desk research, ou seja, baseou-se em dados secundários e teve como objetivo identificar correlações entre os conceitos de RSO e SSO. No total foram analisados 49 artigos publicados entre os anos de 1981 e 2014 nos periódicos do Portal Capes, nas bases Scopus e Web of Science. Observou-se como principais resultados que a dimensão interna da RSO representa 44% dos artigos publicados e destes 53% enfocam a Ergonomia e a SSO. Algumas lacunas de pesquisa surgiram após este estudo, fato que propõe pesquisas futuras sobre o assunto.
PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO ESTRATÉGICO DE GESTÃO DE COMPRAS DE MATERIAIS E SERVIÇOS EM EMPRESA DE NUTRIÇÃO ANIMAL
Authors: MONTEIRO ALEXSANDRO , Tinoco Maria Auxiliadora Cannarozzo
Published: June 2016

Em um cenário globalizado e competitivo, as empresas precisam rever seus modelos de gestão de compras, visto que as aquisições têm sido estratégicas para as organizações na redução de custos e aumento de sua competitividade, e para que isso ocorra é importante que as empresas adotem um modelo de compras estratégico adequado às suas necessidades. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo, propor um modelo de gestão que torne o setor de compras da empresa em estudo, alinhado as suas estratégias utilizando como base os estudos realizados por Monteiro e Tinoco, (2013) e realizado as seguintes etapas: (i) Levantamento dos principais modelos de gestão estratégica de compras de materiais e serviços existentes na literatura; (ii) Verificação dos objetivos estratégicos e o alinhamento do processo de compras, devido a mudança na diretoria da empresa; (iii) Estruturação do modelo estratégico de gestão de compras da empresa em estudo e (iv) Validação do modelo proposto com a alta diretoria da empresa. Finalizadas estas etapas, obteve-se como resultado um modelo de gestão que alinha o setor de compras de materiais e serviços aos objetivos estratégicos da empresa, apresentando as macro etapas do processo de compra estratégico, o fluxograma detalhado das etapas e o detalhamento das atividades em cada etapa do processo. Além disso, o modelo sugere a implementação de ferramentas de compras estratégicas adequadas ao perfil da empresa, no caso a Matriz de Kraljic, (1983) aliada ao modelo de Ogden (2003), ambas adaptadas ao contexto analisado.

Palavra-chave: Processo; compras; Gestão de compras.
ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DE ESTOQUES UTILIZANDO SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO
Authors: Beck Tais , Anzanello Michel J. , Kahmann Alessandro
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo simular um sistema de reposição de estoque (s, Q) a fim de verificar o efeito que alterações nas variáveis de entrada causam no nível de serviço e nos custos de gestão do estoque. Para sistematizar o método de reposição é utilizada a simulação de Monte Carlo, a qual possibilita a geração de cenários a partir da geração de variáveis aleatórias aderentes à uma distribuição de probabilidade estabelecida. Nas proposições deste artigo, inicialmente são abordados os conceitos de gestão de estoques e modelos de reposição, de forma a fornececer embasamentos para o restante do trabalho desenvolvido. Em um segundo momento, é apresentada a metodologia proposta para formular a simulação de Monte Carlo; por fim, são apresentados os resultados obtidos no estudo. A abordagem proposta permitiu avaliar os impactos que distintos pontos de pedido, lead times e tamanhos de lote possuem sobre a gestão dos estoques acerca da disponbilidade dos produtos e custos do sistema. 
INTEGRAÇÃO VERTICAL NOS SISTEMAS DE SAÚDE SUPLEMENTAR: O CASO DE UMA OPERADORA DE SAÚDE NA MODALIDADE DE AUTOGESTÃO
Authors: Bresolin Tisott Priscila , Prantz Claudia , Cunha Malafaia Guilherme , Gonçalves Tondolo Vilmar Antonio , Borelli Verena
Published: June 2016

A integração vertical dos serviços em saúde surgiu como uma alternativa para a redução do custo de operação destas organizações e diminuição do nível de fragmentação dos serviços em saúde. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o processo de integração vertical de uma operadora em saúde que atua na modalidade de autogestão em assistência médica-hospitalar, identificando ainda as potencialidades e desvantagens do processo. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso com os gestores e coordenadores da operadora, analisando as opiniões obtidas por meio das entrevistas com a literatura estudada. Os resultados destacam que a verticalização da operadora ocorreu por meio da constituição de clínica própria para atendimento dos beneficiários e da absorção dos serviços de medicina assistencial e medicina ocupacional em algumas das empresas patrocinadoras. As principais potencialidades percebidas foram a satisfação dos beneficiários, aumento da resolutividade dos problemas, otimização dos recursos da operadora, minimização de conflitos e focalização no beneficiário. Como as empresas de autogestão dividem os custos com as empresas patrocinadoras, não houve desvantagens percebidas pelos gestores. 
APLICAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS DA ECOLOGIA INDUSTRIAL NO DESIGN DE PRODUTOS EM ECO-COMPÓSITO DE RESÍDUOS PARTICULADOS E PEDAÇOS DESCARTADOS DE MADEIRA
Authors: Teixeira Marcelo Geraldo , Junior Élio Carlos Dos Santos , Dos Santos Couto Evanes Copque
Published: June 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a aplicação de conceitos da Ecologia Industrial e do Eco-design como fundamentos para o design de produtos construídos com resíduos particulados e pedaços sólidos descartados de madeira, considerados como lixo sem uma solução aparente. A pesquisa atual teve como ponto de partida estudos anteriores sobre produção de um compósito ecológico feito de serragem de madeira residual, a qual foi ampliada para aproveitar partes de madeira sólida descartada. Com base no conceito da circulação de recursos proposto pela Ecologia Industrial e por requisitos do Eco-design, foi projetado um modelo de demonstração, na forma de um tampo de mesa através do método em três fases: na Fase I realizou-se a coleta e classificação do resíduo de madeira em uma indústria madeireira; na Fase II, a concepção do produto e na Fase III, a produção do modelo de demonstração. A solução encontrada foi usar os distintos resíduos em partes diferentes do modelo, gerando assim um resultado plasticamente agradável.
Thermographic Abnormalities are Associated with Future Digital Ulcers and Death in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hughes Michael , Wilkinson Jack , Moore Tonia , Manning Joanne , New Paul , Dinsdale Graham , Murray Andrea , Herrick Ariane L.
Published: June 2016

Objective.

Capillaroscopic abnormalities are predictive of future digital ulcers (DU). Our aim was to investigate whether functional digital vascular disease (thermographically assessed) is also associated with future DU.

Methods.

A retrospective case note review of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) undergoing thermography and who were followed for up to about 3 years.

Results.

There were 138 patients (equal mixture of normal/abnormal thermography). Patients with abnormal thermography were more likely to develop DU (clinician-observed and/or patient-reported, OR 2.84, p = 0.021), including multiple episodes, and more likely to die (OR 5.42, p = 0.050).

Conclusion.

Abnormal thermography is associated with DU and disease severity in patients with SSc.
Predictive Value of Arterial Stiffness and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ikdahl Eirik , Rollefstad Silvia , Wibetoe Grunde , Olsen Inge C. , Berg Inger-Jorid , Hisdal Jonny , Uhlig Till , Haugeberg Glenn , Kvien Tore K. , Provan Sella A. , Semb Anne Grete
Published: June 2016

Objective.

We evaluated the predictive value of these vascular biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation index (AIx), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and carotid plaques (CP). They are often used as risk markers for CVD.

Methods.

In 2007, 138 patients with RA underwent clinical examination, laboratory tests, blood pressure testing, and vascular biomarker measurements. Occurrence of CVD events was recorded in 2013. Predictive values were assessed in Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank, and crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression analyses.

Results.

Baseline median age and disease duration was 59.0 years and 17.0 years, respectively, and 76.1% were women. CVD events occurred in 10 patients (7.2%) during a mean followup of 5.4 years. Compared with patients with low aPWV, AIx, cIMT, and without CP, patients with high aPWV (p < 0.001), high AIx (p = 0.04), high cIMT (p = 0.01), and CP (p < 0.005) at baseline experienced more CVD events. In crude Cox PH regression analyses, aPWV (p < 0.001), cIMT (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.01), statin (p = 0.01), and corticosteroid use (p = 0.01) were predictive of CVD events, while AIx was nonsignificant (p = 0.19). The Cox PH regression estimates for vascular biomarkers were not significantly altered when adjusting individually for demographic variables, traditional CVD risk factors, RA disease-related variables, or medication. All patients who developed CVD had CP at baseline.

Conclusion.

CP, aPWV, and cIMT were predictive of CVD events in this cohort of patients with RA. Future studies are warranted to examine the additive value of arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis markers in CVD risk algorithms. Regional Ethical Committee approval numbers 2009/1582 and 2009/1583.
Les « originaires » en politique
Authors: Bargel Lucie
Published: June 2016

L’article invite à reconsidérer l’évidence pour la sociologie électorale de la correspondance entre lieu de résidence et lieu de vote. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et de données historiques et quantifiées inédites, il met l’accent sur la présence continue d’électeurs, de votants et d’élus non-résidents dans les petites communes de montagne. Il analyse la mobilité de ces électeurs qui ne votent pas dans leur commune de résidence mais dans celle dont ils sont « originaires » et les mobilisations politiques qui la soutiennent.
Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Associated With Chikungunya Fever
Authors: Pang Claudine E. , Navajas Eduardo V. , Warner Simon J. , Heisler Morgan , Sarunic Marinko V.
Published: June 2016

A 47-year-old man with recent travel to the Caribbean was admitted with acute febrileillness associated with arthralgia and skin rash followed by sudden onset of bilateral visual field defects. Funduscopy revealed subtle bilateral paracentral dark lesions nasal to the fovea best seen on near infrared imaging as hyporeflective, wedge-shaped, paracentral macular lesions. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) through the lesions revealed hyperreflective bands at the level of the outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer (ONL), with concomitant attenuation of the underlying external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and interdigitation zone (IZ). Neither fluorescein angiography nor speckle variance OCT angiography (sv-OCTA) showed any defects in retinal circulation. Work up revealed positive Immunoglobulin M for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Six months later, the patient had persistent scotomas, although reduced in size. SD-OCT showed subtle ONL thinning and restoration of the ELM, although EZ and IZ remained disrupted. Chikungunya fever may manifest as bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Clinicians should be aware of possible systemic associations of AMN.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:596–599.]
Retinal Detachment After Subretinal Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Leung Ella H. , Flynn Harry W. , Albini Thomas A. , Medina Carlos A.
Published: June 2016

A 60-year-old man with Stargardt's macular dystrophy and visual acuity of 20/400 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye underwent a subretinal injection of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells in the right eye. The patient developed a retinal detachment in the right eye 2 months later that was initially treated with a scleral buckle, but the patient subsequently developed a recurrent retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. A pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peel, fluid-air exchange, endolaser, and silicone oil injection were then performed. The retina remained attached 5 months later, with improvement in visual acuity from hand motions to 20/300 post-vitrectomy. Retinal detachment may occur after subretinal injection of stem cells. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy may develop in these patients, but the visual acuity may return to baseline after retinal reattachment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:600–601.]
Institutional Changes and Dynamics in the European Aviation Sector
Authors: Efthymiou Marina , Arvanitis Pavlos , Papatheodorou Andreas
Published: June 2016

This chapter covers three areas of institutional changes in the European aviation sector that may significantly affect the dynamics of the tourism industry. Further to the introduction, airlines are discussed in section two; airports are analysed in section three; and air navigation service provision are presented in section four. The dynamics of these three pillars and the interrelationship with the tourism industry is explored in section five. Among others, the chapter argues that when a proper systemic approach is followed any smart relaxation of regulatory and infrastructural constraints will have positive repercussions on tourism growth and development not only of central places but also of more peripheral regions. Finally, section six concludes and discusses the way forward.
Socially Responsible Practices in Hotels
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores , Vaca-Acosta Rosa María , Vargas-Sánchez Alfonso
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work is to study social responsible behavior in three, four and five star hotels found in Galicia and the Northern region of Portugal. To be able to carry out this investigation two types of analysis are carried out. First of all there is a descriptive statistical analysis about the group of variables contained in the used scale. Secondly a factor analysis is applied in which the factors that make up social responsibility in line with the triple dimension identified by Elkington (1997) are identified. The development of this methodology has made it possible to compare practices of social responsibility carried out by the hotels under study in two different countries, Spain and Portugal. From this investigation it can be concluded that the initial hypothesis is confirmed, corporations behave differently when it comes to social responsibility depending on the country they are in.
Facilitating Hospitality and Tourism Management in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2016

This chapter explains the overview of hospitality management; the overview of tourism management; product quality, service quality, price, customer satisfaction, and consumer trust in hospitality and tourism management; the significance of hospitality management in global business; the significance of tourism management in global business; and the managerial implications of hospitality and tourism management. Tourism and hospitality industry is one of the most important industries in the modern business world. It is essential to acquire a driving enthusiasm for customer service and a strong sense of professionalism to develop and maintain customer satisfaction in the hospitality and tourism industry. Effective hospitality and tourism management positively affects customer satisfaction, firm growth, and productivity in global business. The chapter argues that facilitating hospitality and tourism management in global business has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the digital age.
Preparing Teachers to Teach Historical Thinking?
Authors: VanSledright Bruce , Maggioni Liliana
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores the learning outcomes for 45 teachers involved in three different federally-funded Teaching American History (TAH) grant professional development programs. The programs sought to move teachers' thinking about teaching history away from traditional stand-and-deliver practices and toward teaching historical thinking and reasoning as described in much of the reform and research literature in history education. Data were drawn from a multi-scale assessment instrument administered in a sequentialized design and from classroom observations of and interviews with participating teachers. We examine in particular growth (or lack thereof) in historical knowledge and teaching practice and epistemic positioning. Results suggested that aggregate program-based growth and epistemic change were attenuated by incongruences between how American history was expected to be taught in the technocratic culture of schooling and the reform-minded, professional judgment-based ideas cultivated within the TAH programs. Common technocratic organizational routines in the internal environment tended to undermine the interventions' influences rather than support them. In the discussion, these routines and their school culture elements are contrasted with the TAH program reform efforts as a means of understanding the outcomes.
Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy and Hip-Hop Based Education
Authors: Covington Azure C. , Allen Ayana , Lewis Chance W.
Published: June 2016

Culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) (Paris & Alim, 2014) presents a new lens by which culturally relevant pedagogy can evolve with the ever-evolving youth culture of today. The evolution of hip-hop culture serves as an example of CSP that can be used to increase student engagement and academic achievement through the use of hip-hop based education (HHBE). However, current HHBE research fails to address the professional development needs of those who do not identify with hip-hop culture but want to implement hip-hop pedagogy into their instructional practice. This chapter presents a professional development design for hip-hop based education that is to serve as the beginning of teacher knowledge construction in frameworks of CSP for increased student engagement and academic achievement.
Policy Impact on Teacher Induction
Authors: Bozack Amanda R.
Published: June 2016

During the 1980s Connecticut was on the leading edge of national educational reform, developing performance standards for teachers and students, creating a tiered licensure structure, and implementing a state-wide comprehensive, multi-year teacher induction program tied to teacher certification. Since then, many states and districts have begun to implement induction programs as a way to enhance teacher retention and performance and improve student achievement. However, the literature base on successful implementation is limited, as is the research on the effectiveness of specific induction practices as related to teacher development and student achievement. This chapter focuses on informing policy makers and educational administrators about the broad landscape of induction in the United States and explores how Connecticut's rich history with induction can serve other states considering adoption of a comprehensive induction policy. Research concerns are also explored.
Taken by the Numbers
Authors: Smith Robert William , Imig Scott
Published: June 2016

A debate is currently being waged across the United States over the value of teacher experience and education. Multiple states have introduced new methods of calculating teacher pay based on how much growth has occurred on students' standardized test scores. Survey results from 300 principals illustrate the value of teacher experience and education, questioning the oversimplified view of teacher performance represented only by value-added measures (VAM). Legislators and some VAM researchers have been captivated by the idea of a single metric of teacher effectiveness, viewing VAM as a silver bullet for school reform. However, other than ranking teachers, there is little evidence that VAM supports teacher or school development. Alternative approaches to VAM's focus on individual teacher performance are considered.
Computational Design of Microstructure
Authors: Anand G. , Chattopadhyay P. P.
Published: June 2016

During the last couple of decades, treatment of microstructure in materials science has been shifted from the diagnostic to design paradigm. Design of microstructure is inherently complex problems due to non linear spatial and temporal interaction of composition and parameters leading to the target properties. In most of the cases, different properties are reciprocally correlated i.e., improvement of one lead to the degradation of other. Also, the design of microstructure is a multiscale problem, as the knowledge of phenomena at range of scales from electronic to mesoscale is required for precise composition-microstructure-property determination. In the view of above, present chapter provides the introduction to computationally driven microstructure engineering in the framework of constitutive length scale in microstructure design. The important issues pertaining to design such as phase stability and interfaces has been explained. Additionally, the bird-eye view of various computational techniques in order of length scale has been introduced, with an aim to present the picture of combination of various techniques for solving microstructural design problems under various scenarios.
Informatics-Based Approaches for Accelerated Discovery of Functional Materials
Authors: Balachandran P. V. , Rondinelli J. M.
Published: June 2016

This chapter is aimed at readers interested in the topic of informatics-based approaches for accelerated materials discovery, but who are unfamiliar with the nuances of the underlying principles and various types of powerful mathematical tools that are involved in formulating structure–property relationships. In an attempt to simplify the workflow of materials informatics, we decompose the paradigm into several core subtasks: hypothesis generation, database construction, data pre-processing, mathematical modeling, model validation, and finally hypothesis testing. We discuss each task and provide illustrative case studies, which apply these methods to various functional ceramic materials.
Applications of Feature Selection and Regression Techniques in Materials Design
Authors: Dey Partha , Bible Joe , Dey Swati , Datta Somnath
Published: June 2016

Feature selection is considered as an important preprocessing step to data mining and soft computing, whereas regression is a collection of methods to optimally assess the signal from a noisy output. Both seek to arrive at the dependence and relation between different attributes and a target material property. In the present chapter a flock of regression and feature selection techniques are discussed, and the kind of results that can be obtained with each of them has been illustrated with the help of a dataset on steel. The different methods are capable of abstracting data in different forms, thus revealing hidden knowledge from different perspectives. Choosing the most appropriate method depends on the application at hand and the kind of objective that one is looking for.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Nandi A. K. , Deb K.
Published: June 2016

The primary objective in designing appropriate particle reinforced polyurethane composite which will be used as a mould material in soft tooling process is to minimize the cycle time of soft tooling process by providing faster cooling rate during solidification of wax/plastic component. This chapter exemplifies an effective approach to design particle reinforced mould materials by solving the inherent multi-objective optimization problem associated with soft tooling process using evolutionary algorithms. In this chapter, first a brief introduction of multi-objective optimization problem with the key issues is presented. Then, after a short overview on the working procedure of genetic algorithm, a well- established multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely NSGA-II along with various performance metrics are described. The inherent multi-objective problem in soft tooling process is demonstrated and subsequently solved using an elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. Multi-objective optimization results obtained using NSGA-II are analyzed statistically and validated with real industrial application. Finally the fundamental results of this approach are summarized and various perspectives to the industries along with scopes for future research work are pointed out.
Modeling of Steelmaking Processes
Authors: Louhenkilpi Seppo , Ganguly Subhas
Published: June 2016

In the field of experiment, theory, modeling and simulation, the most noteworthy progressions applicable to steelmaking technology have been closely linked with the emergence of more powerful computing tools, advances in needful software's and algorithms design, and to a lesser degree, with the development of emerging computing theory. These have enabled the integration of several different types of computational techniques (for example, quantum chemical, and molecular dynamics, DFT, FEM, Soft computing, statistical learning etc., to name a few) to provide high-performance simulations of steelmaking processes based on emerging computational models and theories. This chapter overviews the general steps and concepts for developing a computational process model including few exercises in the area of steel making. The various sections of the chapter aim to describe how to developed models for various issues related to steelmaking processes and to simulate a physical process starts with the process fundaments. The examples include steel converter, tank vacuum degassing, and continuous casting, etc.
Benchmarking HBCU Efficiency
Authors: Coupet Jason
Published: June 2016

HBCUs have played a vital role in the US higher education sphere. As initiatives to increase student retention move forward, the reality of funding constraints means that examining efficiency and effectiveness at HBCUs remains a vital part of institutional growth. This chapter presents a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology as a tool to benchmark the relative efficiency of HBCUs. DEA is a quantitative, non-parametric technique used to measure efficiency, and has had a robust history as a benchmarking tool due to its ability to identify top performing organizations as well as less efficient peers. Using Department of Education data, the most efficient and effective HBCUs are identified. Implications for the use of DEA as a benchmarking tool are discussed.
Shared Governance and Collective Bargaining
Authors: Davenport Elizabeth K.
Published: June 2016

The mobilization of workers through unionization has deep historical roots within American society, more so in the northern regions than in the southern region of this country. Despite these historical roots, some sectors of the American population (i.e., minorities in general and African Americans in particular) who have experienced various forms of discrimination have not fully participated in the unionization movement. In fact, on some HBCU campuses, faculty have no mechanism to participate in the governance of their own university. With the survival and destiny of HBCUs at stake, HBCU faculty must be proactive and engaged to create their own representative voice. This chapter will examine shared governance and leadership, as well as collective bargaining, as agents for faculty representation and conduits for change. Specifically, the development of faculty voice will be discussed as a form of advocacy for meaningful participation and representation by HBCU faculty in decision-making at their universities.
Social Media and HBCU Admissions
Authors: Southerland Erica C. , Lewis Jacqueline R.
Published: June 2016

In a time of immense competition by all universities for top students and financial support, HBCUs have a special challenge to move beyond the laurels of tradition and innovatively participate in the modern market of college admissions. This study is a follow-up comparative deductive content analysis of the use of social media by admissions offices of top HBCUs according to U.S. News and World Report. The presence of these institutions' undergraduate admissions offices on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and the usability of these sites have been measured against the principles of two-way communication. The results show diversity in social media use amongst institutions and certain changes and improvements made on each site since the time of the 2013 pilot study. Findings and recommendations provide insight into next steps for HBCUs to remain competitive in the digital age, according to best practices in public relations.
The Impact of Performance-Based Funding on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Boland William Casey
Published: June 2016

More than half of the states in the U.S. fund public colleges and universities, based in part on those institutions meeting performance metrics. Given increasing political and public interest in accountability for public resources, it is likely more states will adopt incentive-based finance policies for postsecondary education. This chapter explores how performance-based funding has affected HBCUs in six states. It situates this analysis in the political context that foments and sustains interest in this finance mechanism. Through descriptive statistical analysis of HBCU achievement on key performance funding measures and interview responses with HBCU and higher education representatives, this chapter offers a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of the outcomes of performance funding as it is applied to HBCUs.
College Dollars and Sense
Authors: Johnson Jessica D.
Published: June 2016

HBCU's were founded to address the needs of low income, first generation college students. However, rising tuition costs, tighter loan restrictions and poor institutional financial aid planning tools are hindering students from matriculating within the HBCU system. Radical solutions such as pre-financial aid debt tracking programs aimed at entering freshman, federal loan modification options, and a pro-active shift of equipping students are needed to adequately address these issues. This chapter will discuss the most prevalent financial aid issues facing HBCU students, as well as present viable debt reduction solutions.
More Than a Joking Matter
Authors: Olubode-Sawe Funmi
Published: June 2016

This chapter discusses how humor is generated in Oga at the Top series (OATT), a puppet political satire program featuring prominent actors on the Nigerian political scene. The question of how multimodal phenomena in humor bearing texts combine to create a humorous political commentary has not been addressed within the Nigerian context. This chapter therefore explores how different semiotic resources are combined to create humor in OATT. From the 25 videos selected from Season One, the humor creation mechanisms in OATT were found to include caricature of national leaders, re-interpretation of contemporary happenings, musical parody, script opposition in conversation, inter-texuality and physical violence. Though the stated function of the series was to exploit the Nigerian political climate for humor, the analysis shows that the audience has appropriated the videos for their own ends based on the functions they felt they could serve. The chapter concludes with the significance of the online distribution of the videos.
“Can I Get in on the Joke, Too?”
Authors: Gooding Jr. Frederick W.
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores the ramifications of having race-based “dirty laundry” aired through humor, without necessarily being dirty jokes. Not only is the United States of America reputed to be a “free country,” but also there are few restrictions on Internet participation outside of obvious legal infractions. Thus, while repulsive in their worst form or in poor taste in their naive form, racist jokes are not regulated on the Internet. Nor is expressing or espousing racism online in and of itself illegal. Currently our legal system is designed to respond or react to manifestations of racist thought when acted out against another in the physical realm (e.g., denying another a job based upon their race or inflicting bodily harm when motivated by racial animus). While we presume that most would not want to entertain destructive thoughts, people are free to hold, share and emote racist ideas in cyberspace. Thus, with the ever-expanding role of the Internet in many of our lives, it is important to interrogate whether such publicly broadcast in-group humor will desensitize other members of other races outside of the joke. This chapter will tease out the implications of the continued sharing online of racial humor, with those both in and outside of the original joke.