bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earlier Flowering Phenology and Pollinator Visitation on Urban Green Roofs Compared to Ground-Level Gardens
Authors: Guidi Michael , Bousselot Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Urban green space, green infrastructure, and horticultural installations are gaining recognition for their potential to foster biodiversity. Green roofs are challenging growing environments for plants, characterized by extreme substrate temperatures, high light intensity, limited moisture availability, and limited substrate depth. Plants have a variety of physiological responses to these unique conditions, but little is known about how green roof growing conditions affect ecological characteristics like plant flowering phenology. Meanwhile, studies are only just uncovering the degree to which green roofs can provide habitat and support urban pollinator biodiversity. We evaluated the flowering phenology and made in situ pollinator observations of 15 plant taxa growing both on green roof systems and at ground level in Denver, Colorado, over two growing seasons. We found that flowering phenology occurs substantially earlier on green roofs compared to ground level among the observed plant taxa and observed a greater number of pollinators on green roofs early in the season, compared to ground level, presumably due to the availability of floral resources among the observed plant taxa. We observed significantly higher substrate temperatures along with wider diurnal temperature amplitude during the growing season that may contribute to the observed phenological patterns. Divergence in flowering phenology between individual plants of the same species on green roofs and plants at ground-level may have implications for organisms that rely on floral resources in urban environments. Earlier flower initiation on green roofs may provide pollinators with unique foraging opportunities and aid targeted conservation where early-season floral resources are limited.
9-Vinyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarbonitrile
Authors: Svetlova Kristina , Kazantsev Alexander , Levin Oleg , Filippova Sofia , Alekseeva Elena
Published: February 2024

Carbazole polymers attract significant attention as promising luminophores, organic electronic and photovoltaic materials, photo/electrocatalysts, energy storage materials, redox mediators and catalysts. However, the oxidation potential of the commercially available poly(vinylcarbazole) is insufficient for some applications such as high-voltage Li-Ion batteries. We have proposed a monomer for the novel polycarbazole with an increased oxidation potential, which will be compatible with high-voltage cathode materials for Li-Ion. In addition, the proposed polymer is an interesting substrate for the further carbonization to obtain N-doped carbons with a high electrocatalytic activity level.
Study on the Influence of UV Light on Selective Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesized Utilizing Protein/Polypeptide-Rich Aqueous Extract from The Common Walkingstick, Diapheromera femorata
Authors: Cho James Lee , Allain Luc Gaston , Yoshida Sanichiro
Published: February 2024

Common walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) aqueous extract (CWSAE) can induce the synthesis of useful bionanomaterials. CWSAE is rich in water-soluble organic compounds such as proteins and polypeptides that function as reducing/stabilizing agents for nanoparticle formation from Ag+ ion precursors. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a moderately uniform size, with the majority falling within the range of 20–80 nm. These AgNPs were UV-treated and tested as antibacterial agents to inhibit the growth of four pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderia cenocepacia K-56, Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Staphylococcus aureus USA300), as well as one common bacterium (Escherichia coli BW25113). The disk diffusion test demonstrated that the UV-treated AgNPs significantly and selectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 and P. aeruginosa, while showing a small effect on the other two species. This suggests the potential application of green-chemically synthesized AgNPs as selective antibacterial agents. Furthermore, we studied the effects of short-term (1–2 min) and long-term (5–30 min) UV treatment on the selective cytotoxicity of the AgNPs and found that the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs could depend on the duration of UV exposure against certain bacteria.
Assessing the Influence of Banana Leaf Ash as Pozzolanic Material for the Production of Green Concrete: A Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluation
Authors: Islam Md. Hamidul , Law David William , Gunasekara Chamila , Sobuz Md. Habibur Rahman , Rahman Md. Nafiur , Habib Md. Ahsan , Sabbir Ashanul Kabir
Published: February 2024

This paper reports an investigation of the mechanical and microscopic properties of partially replaced banana leaf ash (BLA) concrete. In this research, the cement was partially replaced by BLA in two phases: Phase A (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) and Phase B (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The consequence of partially replacing cement with BLA in concrete was investigated by the application of a range of tests, namely X-ray fluorescence (XRF), compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexure strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The properties were then correlated with the properties of a standard 100% Portland cement concrete of similar strength. The XRF result of the BLA identified a composition with 48.93% SiO2 and 3.48% Al2O3, which indicates that the material potentially possesses pozzolanic properties. The mechanical properties of the partially replaced BLA concrete noted minor strength loss, approximately 5% with 20% partial replacement. The nondestructive testing data showed enhanced performance up to 20% partial replacement, with ultrasonic pulse values above 3500 m/s. The scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that the morphology of BLA specimens contained increased microcracks compared with the control. The decrease in strength observed is attributed to the fibrous composition of the BLA. The mechanical, nondestructive testing and microscopic results highlight the potential to utilize BLA as a partial replacement for cement as a pozzolanic material in concrete at up to 20% by weight of cement.
Research Progress on Hygroscopic Agents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems
Authors: Bai Qi , Zhou Wanlai , Cui Wenzhong , Qi Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

Adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting systems (AWHs) represent an innovative approach to collecting freshwater resources from the atmosphere, with a hygroscopic agent at their core. This method has garnered significant attention due to its broad applicability, strong recycling capacity, and sustainability. It is being positioned as a key technology to address global freshwater scarcity. The core agent’s hygroscopic properties play a crucial role in determining the performance of the AWHs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in hygroscopic agents, including their adsorption mechanisms and classifications. This study of hygroscopic agents analyzes the performance and characteristics of relevant porous material composite polymer composites and plant composites. It also evaluates the design and preparation of these materials. Aiming at the problems of low moisture adsorption and desorption difficulty of the hygroscopic agent, the factors affecting the water vapor adsorption performance and the method of enhancing the hygroscopic performance of the material are summarized and put forward. For the effect of hygroscopic agents on the volume of water catchment devices, the difference in density before and after hygroscopicity is proposed as part of the evaluation criteria. Moisture absorption per unit volume is added as a performance evaluation criterion to assess the effect of hygroscopic agents on the volume of water collection equipment. The article identifies areas that require further research and development for moisture absorbers, exploring their potential applications in other fields and anticipating the future development direction and opportunities of moisture-absorbing materials. The goal is to promote the early realization of adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting technology for large-scale industrial applications.
The Effect of Exposure to Candida Albicans Suspension on the Properties of Silicone Dental Soft Lining Material
Authors: Chladek Grzegorz , Nowak Michał , Pakieła Wojciech , Barszczewska-Rybarek Izabela , Żmudzki Jarosław , Mertas Anna
Published: February 2024

While functioning in the oral cavity, denture soft linings (SL) are exposed to contact with the microbiota. Dentures can offer perfect conditions for the multiplication of pathogenic yeast-like fungi, resulting in rapid colonisation of the surface of the materials used. In vitro experiments have also shown that yeast may penetrate SL. This may lead to changes in their initially beneficial functional properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of three months of exposure to a Candida albicans suspension on the mechanical properties of SL material and its bond strength to the denture base polymer, and to additionally verify previous reports of penetration using a different methodology. Specimens of the SL material used were incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days in a suspension of Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231). Their shore A hardness, tensile strength, and bond strength to acrylic resin were tested. The colonization of the surface and penetration on fractured specimens were analysed with scanning electron and inverted fluorescence microscopes. Exposure to yeast did not affect the mechanical properties. The surfaces of the samples were colonised, especially in crystallized structures of the medium; however, the penetration of hyphae and blastospores into the material was not observed.
Expediting the Rehabilitation of Severely Resorbed Ridges Using a Combination of CAD-CAM and Analog Techniques: A Case Report
Authors: Jurado Carlos A. , Azpiazu-Flores Francisco X. , Fu Chin-Chuan , Rojas-Rueda Silvia , Guzman-Perez Gerardo , Floriani Franciele
Published: February 2024

With the life expectancy increasing, there is a growing need for prosthetic dental treatments to restore the oral health, function, and quality of life of edentulous patients. Presently, only a few articles are available describing the oral rehabilitation of patients with severely resorbed ridges with milled complete dentures. This clinical case report provides a straightforward protocol consisting of a combination of analog and digital techniques for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with severely resorbed ridges with milled fixed and removable complete dentures. This technique permits the minimization of the number of appointments, improves patient comfort, allows for the digital archiving of important clinical data, and permits the manufacture of prostheses with improved mechanical properties. These favorable outcomes were achieved by using the patient’s existing PMMA complete denture as a custom tray for a final impression with light-bodied Polyvinylsiloxane. Subsequently, the resulting models were digitized, and a digital complete denture was designed and manufactured in an expedited manner using CAD-CAM techniques. Therefore, this case report highlights the potential of CAD/CAM technology to predictably restabilize oral functions and improve patients’ quality of life.
A Narrative Review of Self-Reported Scales to Evaluate Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Velescu Diana Raluca , Marc Monica Steluta , Traila Daniel , Pescaru Camelia Corina , Hogea Patricia , Suppini Noemi , Crisan Alexandru Florian , Wellmann Norbert , Oancea Cristian
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent chronic condition that has been associated with mental disorders like depression and anxiety. This study intends to provide a practical overview of the most relevant self-reported and self-rating scales that assess depression and anxiety in OSA patients. Materials and Methods: A search for articles was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar using a combination of words for obstructive sleep apnea, depression, anxiety, and scales. The tools were ordered by type (screening and rating) and arranged chronologically according to the year of publication. Results: Three scales were identified for assessing depression, which were the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). For rating depression, two scales were discussed: the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which has three versions (the BDI, the BDI-II, and the Fast Screen (BDI-FS)). For assessing anxiety, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was identified. Two scales were reviewed for rating anxiety: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Each scale is accompanied by a brief description of its practicality and psychometric qualities and an analysis of its strengths and limitations. Conclusions: The findings of this review will contribute to the understanding of the importance of assessing mental health comorbidities in the context of OSA, ultimately guiding clinical practice and future research in this area.
Quality Assurance in Resistance Spot Welding: State of Practice, State of the Art, and Prospects
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Sabatakakis Kyriakos
Published: February 2024

Resistance spot welding is a process with high variability regarding the quality of the produced joints. This means that key performance indicators (KPIs) such as geometrical and mechanical features as well as failure modes can deviate from the initial design even if the same process parameters are used. The industry has developed quality assurance programs and quality control methods for tracking these KPIs; however, most of them are based on offline or/and destructive practices. On the other hand, state-of-the-art approaches have made online quality assessment feasible and proved its necessity if a 100% quality rate is required. However, limited attention has been given to “closing the loop” and providing feedback for preventing and correcting process anomalies that cause quality variations in real time. In this study, the main gaps between the state of practice and the state of the art are discussed in the context of quality assurance for resistance spot welding. Finally, the role and importance of digital twins by taking into consideration the entire welding ecosystem in quality assurance are discussed in order to form the prospects for the road ahead.
Experimental Investigations in the Processing of AISI H11 Powder Blends Enriched with Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles for the Additive Manufacturing of Tailored Hot Working Tools in the Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB/M)—Impact of Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Hentschel Oliver , Kohlstruck Jan , Vetter Johannes , Wittmann Alexander , Krakhmalev Pavel , Nikas Dimitrios , Schmidt Michael
Published: February 2024

In this study, the DED-LB/M process of AISI H11 tool steel powder blends modified by adding WC nanoparticles (WC-np) in concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5 wt.-% was the object of scientific investigations. For this, 30-layer cuboid specimens were manufactured. The overall scientific aim was to examine how the WC-np interact with the steel melt and in the end, influence the processability, microstructure and mechanical properties of produced specimens. The examinations were carried out on both as-built and thermally post-processed specimens. An advanced microstructural analysis (SEM, EDS, EBSD and XRD) revealed that due to the high solubility of WC-np in the molten steel, most of the WC-np appear to have dissolved during the ongoing laser process. Furthermore, the WC-np favor a stronger distortion and finer grain size of martensite in the manufactured specimens. An increase in hardness from about 650 HV1 for the H11 specimen to 780 HV1 for the one manufactured using the powder blend containing 5 wt.-% of WC-np was observed in as-built conditions. In the same way, the compression yield strength enhanced from 1839 MPA to 2188 MPA. The hardness and strength increasing effect of WC-np remained unchanged even after heat treatments similar to those used in industry.
Oxide Scale Formation on Low-Carbon Steels in Future Reheating Conditions
Authors: Haapakangas Juho , Riikonen Sonja , Airaksinen Susanna , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka , Fabritius Timo
Published: February 2024

The mitigation of CO2 emissions is one of the major areas of research in iron ore-based steelmaking. In this study, four simulated current and potential future reheating scenarios with different fuel and oxidizer gases were studied regarding the amount of oxide formation and the adhesion of the steel–oxide interface: (1) methane–air; (2) coke oven gas–air; (3) hydrogen–air; (4) and an oxyfuel scenario with 50:50 methane/hydrogen as fuel gases. Isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at temperatures of 1150, 1230 and 1300 °C. Four low-carbon steel grades were tested in the previously mentioned gas atmospheres. The structure and composition of the formed oxide scales was analyzed with FESEM-EDS microscopy. The amount of oxide formation correlated with the water vapor content of the gas atmosphere for all four steel grades; however, notable differences were found between individual steel grades regarding the degree of oxidation increase. No clear evidence was found of the gas atmospheres affecting the adhesion of oxide scales to the steel substrate. The adhesion of the interface was mainly determined by the content of silicon in the steel grade and the test temperature.
Targeted Anthocyanin Profiling of Fruits from Three Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Propagated in Colombia
Authors: Prada-Muñoz Jessica , Coy-Barrera Ericsson
Published: February 2024

The blueberry, a deciduous shrub in the Ericaceae family, is celebrated for its delightful flavor, sweetness, and abundance of anthocyanins and antioxidants, qualities that have garnered significant attention for their potential health benefits. Blueberries grown in diverse environments and exhibit varied anthocyanin profiles, often influenced by factors such as altitude and climate. Varietal groups worldwide have been bred and categorized based on their growth habits and specific cold requirements, particularly with southern highbush cultivars thriving in temperate climates, demonstrating tolerance to higher altitudes or cooler climates—a result of hybridizations involving various Vaccinium species. In the Colombian Andes, southern highbush blueberries thrive in unique high-altitude conditions, leading to exceptional quality due to the region’s cool climate and specific soil characteristics. In this context, this study aimed to chemically characterize and differentiate three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (i.e., ‘Biloxi,’ ‘Legacy’ and ‘Sharpblue’) cultivated in a Colombian Andean plateau and compare them to three commercially available highbush blueberries. This comprehensive evaluation involved examining total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin content, and DPPH· free-radical scavenging capacity, as well as conducting anthocyanin-targeted profiling via HPLC-DAD-HRMS. Through supervised multivariate analyses such as sPLS-DA, this study delved into the pattern recognition of those anthocyanins that could potentially serve as markers for quality and cultivar-related chemical trait determination. These findings locate blueberry-derived anthocyanins in a metabolic context and afford some insights into southern highbush blueberry cultivar differentiation to be used for further purposes.
Influence of Fast Drying on the Morphology of α-Fe2O3 and FeMnO3/α-Fe2O3 Fibers Produced by Solution Blow Spinning
Authors: Barros Lara Nágela Lopes Cavalcante , Araujo Rondinele Nunes de , Nascimento Emanuel Pereira do , Gama Alexandre José de Almeida , Neves Gelmires Araújo , Torres Marco Antonio Morales , Menezes Romualdo Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

α-Fe2O3 and FeMnO3/α-Fe2O3 fibers were successfully prepared via Solution Blow Spinning (SBS). The effect of drying during the SBS process on fiber morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. A slow drying promoted continuous fibers with rough surfaces and lower average diameters. However, fast drying enabled the production of fibers with low densification and many surface pores with higher BET-specific surface areas. The porous fibers produced have potential applications in energy generation and storage.
Incidence of Urinary Infections and Behavioral Risk Factors
Authors: Mititelu Magdalena , Olteanu Gabriel , Neacșu Sorinel Marius , Stoicescu Iuliana , Dumitrescu Denisa-Elena , Gheorghe Emma , Tarcea Monica , Busnatu Ștefan Sebastian , Ioniță-Mîndrican Corina-Bianca , Tafuni Ovidiu , Belu Ionela , Popescu Antoanela , Lupu Sergiu , Lupu Carmen Elena
Published: February 2024

This evaluation of the impact of behavioral risk factors on the incidence of urinary infections was based on a questionnaire in which 1103 respondents, predominantly women (883), participated. From the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that 598 of the respondents were of normal weight; the rest, more than half, were underweight or overweight (χ2 = 32.46, p < 0.001), with male respondents being predominantly overweight or obese (169 out of a total of 220). Most of the respondents were young (χ2 = 15.45, p < 0.001), under the age of 45 (840). According to the processed data, it was found that respondents in the age group of 26–35 years showed the greatest vulnerability to recurrent urinary infections, while the age group of 18–25 years recorded the highest number of responses related to the rare presence or even absence of episodes of urinary infections. A body weight-related vulnerability was also noted among the respondents; the majority of obese people declared that they face frequent episodes of urinary infections. Regarding diet quality, 210 respondents reported an adherence to an unhealthy diet, 620 to a moderately healthy diet, and 273 to a healthy diet. Of the respondents who adhered to a healthy diet, 223 were women (χ2 = 2.55, p = 0.279). There was a close connection between diet quality and the frequency of urinary infections: from the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that the highest percentage of respondents who rarely (57.14%) or never got urinary infections (29.30%) were among those who adhered to a healthy diet, and the highest percentage of those who declared that they often got urinary infections were among those with increased adherence to an unhealthy diet (χ2 = 13.46, p = 0.036). The results of this study highlight a strong impact of obesity, reduced consumption of fruit and vegetables, and sedentary lifestyle on the risk of recurring urinary infections.
The Effect of a Tribulus-Based Formulation in Alleviating Cholinergic System Impairment and Scopolamine-Induced Memory Loss in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Insights from Molecular Docking and In Vitro/In Vivo Approaches
Authors: Bouabdallah Salwa , Brinza Ion , Boiangiu Razvan Stefan , Ibrahim Mona H. , Honceriu Iasmina , Al-Maktoum Amna , Cioanca Oana , Hancianu Monica , Amin Amr , Ben-Attia Mossadok , Hritcu Lucian
Published: February 2024

Tribulus terrestris L. (Tt) has been recently gaining attention for its pharmacological value, including its neuroprotective activities. In this study, we explore the neuroprotective effects of a Tribulus terrestris extract in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairment and brain oxidative stress. SCOP, an anticholinergic drug, was employed to replicate fundamental aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in animal models. The fish were treated with ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) from Tt (1, 3, and 6 mg/L) for 15 days. SCOP (100 µM) was administered 30 min before behavioral tests were conducted. Molecular interactions of the major compounds identified via UPLC-PDA/MS in Tt fractions with the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were explored via molecular docking analyses. Terrestrosin C, protodioscin, rutin, and saponin C exhibited the most stable binding. The spatial memory performance was assessed using the Y-maze test, and memory recognition was examined using a novel object recognition (NOR) test. Tt extract treatment reversed the altered locomotion patterns that were caused by SCOP administration. Biochemical analyses also verified Tt’s role in inhibiting AChE, improving antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing oxidative stress markers. The present findings pave the way for future application of Tt as a natural alternative to treat cognitive disorders.
Immunomodulatory Peptides as Vaccine Adjuvants and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Hemmati Shiva , Saeidikia Zahra , Seradj Hassan , Mohagheghzadeh Abdolali
Published: February 2024

The underdevelopment of adjuvant discovery and diversity, compared to core vaccine technology, is evident. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance is on the list of the top ten threats to global health. Immunomodulatory peptides that target a pathogen and modulate the immune system simultaneously are promising for the development of preventive and therapeutic molecules. Since investigating innate immunity in insects has led to prominent achievements in human immunology, such as toll-like receptor (TLR) discovery, we used the capacity of the immunomodulatory peptides of arthropods with concomitant antimicrobial or antitumor activity. An SVM-based machine learning classifier identified short immunomodulatory sequences encrypted in 643 antimicrobial peptides from 55 foe-to-friend arthropods. The critical features involved in efficacy and safety were calculated. Finally, 76 safe immunomodulators were identified. Then, molecular docking and simulation studies defined the target of the most optimal peptide ligands among all human cell-surface TLRs. SPalf2-453 from a crab is a cell-penetrating immunoadjuvant with antiviral properties. The peptide interacts with the TLR1/2 heterodimer. SBsib-711 from a blackfly is a TLR4/MD2 ligand used as a cancer vaccine immunoadjuvant. In addition, SBsib-711 binds CD47 and PD-L1 on tumor cells, which is applicable in cancer immunotherapy as a checkpoint inhibitor. MRh4-679 from a shrimp is a broad-spectrum or universal immunoadjuvant with a putative Th1/Th2-balanced response. We also implemented a pathway enrichment analysis to define fingerprints or immunological signatures for further in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity and reactogenicity measurements. Conclusively, combinatorial machine learning, molecular docking, and simulation studies, as well as systems biology, open a new opportunity for the discovery and development of multifunctional prophylactic and therapeutic lead peptides.
Chromosome Doubling Enhances Biomass and Carotenoid Content in Lycium chinense
Authors: Zhang Runan , Rao Shupei , Wang Yuchang , Qin Yingzhi , Qin Ken , Chen Jinhuan
Published: February 2024

Lycium chinense, a type of medicinal and edible plant, is rich in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. In order to meet the market requirements for the yield and quality of L. chinense, polyploid induction is usually an effective way to increase plant biomass and improve the content of bioactive components. This study established the most effective tetraploid induction protocol by assessing various preculture durations, colchicine concentrations, and exposure times. The peak tetraploid induction efficacy, 18.2%, was achieved with a 12-day preculture and 24-h exposure to 50 mg L–1 colchicine. Compared to diploids, tetraploids exhibited potentially advantageous characteristics such as larger leaves, more robust stems, and faster growth rates. Physiologically, tetraploids demonstrated increased stomatal size and chloroplast count in stomata but reduced stomatal density. Nutrient analysis revealed a substantial increase in polysaccharides, calcium, iron, and zinc in tetraploid leaves. In addition, seventeen carotenoids were identified in the leaves of L. chinense. Compared to the diploid, lutein, β-carotene, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and (E/Z)-phytoene exhibited higher levels in tetraploid strains T39 and T1, with T39 demonstrating a greater accumulation than T1. The findings suggest that the generated tetraploids harbor potential for further exploitation and lay the foundation for the selection and breeding of novel genetic resources of Lycium.
Integrating Smart Greenhouse Cover, Reduced Nitrogen Dose and Biostimulant Application as a Strategy for Sustainable Cultivation of Cherry Tomato
Authors: Paradiso Roberta , Di Mola Ida , Ottaiano Lucia , Cozzolino Eugenio , Pelosi Maria Eleonora , Rippa Massimo , Mormile Pasquale , Mori Mauro
Published: February 2024

Fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes are strongly influenced by light conditions and nitrogen (N) availability, however, the interaction between these factors is still unclear. We evaluated the effects on cherry tomatoes of two tunnel plastic covers with different optical properties and three N doses, also in combination with a biostimulant treatment. We compared a diffuse light film (Film1) and a conventional clear film (Film2), and three N levels, corresponding to 50% (N50), 75% (N75) and 100% (N100) of the optimal dose, with and without a microbial plus a protein hydrolysed biostimulant, compared to a non-treated control. The three experimental treatments significantly interacted on several yield and quality parameters. In control plants (untreated with biostimulants), the early yield was higher at reduced N doses compared to N100, with greater increments under the diffusive Film1 compared to the clear Film2 (+57.7% and +37.0% vs. +31.7% and +16.0%, in N50 and N75 respectively). Film1 boosted the total fruit production at all the N rates and with or without biostimulants, compared to Film2, with stronger effects under sub-optimal N (+29.4% in N50, +21.2% in N75, and +7.8% in N100, in plants untreated with biostimulant). Total yield decreased with decreasing N levels, while it always increased with the application of biostimulants, which counterbalanced the detrimental effects of N shortage. Quality traits were mainly affected by the cover film and the biostimulant treatment. The diffusive film increased the content of carotenoids, lycopene and total phenols compared to the clear one, and the biostimulants increased texture, soluble solids, phenols and ascorbic acid compared to the untreated control. It is worth noting that in plants fertilized at 75% of the reference N dose, the biostimulants determined higher yield than the N100 untreated control, under both the covers (+48% in Film1 and +20% in Film2). In conclusion, the diffusive film improved the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes in the spring–summer period, presumably avoiding plant stress due to high-intensity direct light. Reduced N rates limited the plant productivity, however, the biostimulant application was effective in compensating for the detrimental effects of sub-optimal supply of N synthetic fertilizers.
Toward Producing Biopolyethylene/Babassu Fiber Biocomposites with Improved Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , da Silva Fabiano Santana , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Costa Anna Raffaela de Matos , de Sousa Fernanda Menezes , de Carvalho Laura Hecker , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: February 2024

The development of polymeric biocomposites containing natural fibers has grown over the years due to the properties achieved and its eco-friendly nature. Thus, biocomposites involving a polymer from a renewable source (Biopolyethylene (BioPE)) and babassu fibers (BFs), compatibilized with polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) (PE-g-MA and PE-g-AA, respectively) were obtained using melt mixing and injection molded into tensile, impact, and HDT specimens. Babassu fiber was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biocomposites were characterized using torque rheometry, TGA, tensile strength, impact strength, thermomechanical properties, Shore D hardness, and SEM. The data indicate that the torque during the processing of compatibilized biocomposites was higher than that of BioPE/BF biocomposites, which was taken as an indication of a possible reaction between the functional groups. Compatibilization led to a substantial improvement in the elastic modulus, tensile strength, HDT, and VST and a decrease in Shore D hardness. These results were justified with SEM micrographs, which showed babassu fibers better adhered to the surface of the biopolyethylene matrix, as well as an encapsulation of these fibers. The system investigated is environmentally sustainable, and the results are promising for the technology of polymeric composites.
Non-Uniform Distribution of Geoheritage Resources in Geoparks—Problems, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Pijet-Migoń Edyta
Published: February 2024

Geoparks are territorial organizations, whose primary aim is to foster sustainable local development through the promotion of geoheritage, geotourism and geoeducation. Sites of significant interest from the perspective of geosciences (geosites), as well as the overall geodiversity of the territory, are the fundamental resources for geopark activities. The distribution of these resources in the geographical space of geoparks may, however, be uneven. We first review four cases of UNESCO Global Geoparks from different European countries (Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Portugal) where such a situation occurs, with consequences on tourism development. Then, we place particular focus on an aspiring geopark of the Land of Extinct Volcanoes in SW Poland, providing evidence of its geoheritage and geodiversity values. The aspiring geopark integrates a mountainous–upland terrain and a lowland part, the latter with much fewer sites of interest and, apparently, fewer opportunities to successfully develop geotourism. Recognizing the challenges emerging from the non-uniform distribution of resources and learning from established geoparks, we highlight various opportunities to encourage (geo)tourism in the less diverse sections of the geoparks. Implementation of the ABC (abiotic–biotic–cultural) concept could be particularly helpful, as could be various events organized in these areas.
Expected Precision of Gravity Gradient Recovered from Ka-Band Radar Interferometer Observations and Impact of Instrument Errors
Authors: Guo Hengyang , Wan Xiaoyun , Wang Fei , Tian Song
Published: February 2024

Full tensor of gravity gradients contains extremely large amounts of information, which is one of the most important sources for research on recovery seafloor topography and underwater matching navigation. The calculation and accuracy of the full tensor of gravity gradients are worth studying. The Ka-band interferometric radar altimeter (KaRIn) of surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission enables high spatial resolution of sea surface height (SSH), which would be beneficial for the calculation of gravity gradients. However, there are no clear accuracy results for the gravity gradients (the gravity gradient tensor represents the second-order derivative of the gravity potential) recovered based on SWOT data. This study evaluated the possible precision of gravity gradients using the discretization method based on simulated SWOT wide-swath data and investigated the impact of instrument errors. The data are simulated based on the sea level anomaly data provided by the European Space Agency. The instrument errors are simulated based on the power spectrum data provided in the SWOT error budget document. Firstly, the full tensor of gravity gradients (SWOT_GGT) is calculated based on deflections of the vertical and gravity anomaly. The distinctions of instrument errors on the ascending and descending orbits are also taken into account in the calculation. The precision of the Tzz component is evaluated by the vertical gravity gradient model provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. All components of SWOT_GGT are validated by the gravity gradients model, which is calculated by the open-source software GrafLab based on spherical harmonic. The Tzz component has the poorest precision among all the components. The reason for the worst accuracy of the Tzz component may be that it is derived by Txx and Tyy, Tzz would have a larger error than Txx and Tyy. The precision of all components is better than 6 E. Among the various errors, the effect of phase error and KaRIn error (random error caused by interferometric radar) on the results is greater than 2 E. The effect of the other four errors on the results is about 0.5 E. Utilizing multi-cycle data for the full tensor of gravity gradients recovery can suppress the effect of errors.
Hot-Spot Analysis and Scenario-Driven Life Cycle Assessment of Authenticated Greek PDO “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou”
Authors: Melas Lefteris D. , Batsioula Maria , Skoutida Stamatia , Geroliolios Dimitris , Malamakis Apostolos , Karkanias Christos , Madesis Panagiotis , Banias George F.
Published: February 2024

Food systems account for one third of greenhouse gas emissions while fish production is assigned 4% of total anthropogenic emissions as well as other environmental implications. The Greek fishery industry is a very promising and upcoming sector with renowned products such as “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou”, the Greek bottarga, which is a product of designated origin (PDO) with cultural and economic significance but unexplored environmental impacts. The aim of the study is to depict the environmental hot-spots of “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou” production using the life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology with the help of SimaPro v3.5 software and the Ecoinvent database v3.9. “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou” supply chain is divided into the fish extraction, roe processing and transport, and retail stages, while the inventory of each stage is filled with data depicted from producers via a questionnaire and findings from the literature. The hot-spot analysis of Avgotaracho Mesolongiou exhibited high human carcinogenic toxicity, and marine and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts that account for more than 90% of total normalized scores. More specifically, the use of metallic traps in the fish-catching facilities presented the highest contribution among the inputs and was responsible for more than 70% of total normalized scores. Furthermore, the uncontrolled treatment processes of waste streams are attributed 6% of total normalized scores. More specifically, waste wood open-burning accounts for 10% of human carcinogenic toxicity while disposal of wastewater was responsible for 25% of freshwater eutrophication. Moreover, a scenario-driven LCA was conducted to compare the existing waste treatment meth+ods to a proposed improved waste management (IWM) scenario. The implementation of controlled treatment processes resulted in a decrease in human carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater eutrophication impact by 8% and 26%, respectively. The outcome was proven to be robust in respect to the affected impact categories while the fish extraction remains the most impactful stage of the supply chain when subjected to a sensitivity analysis.
How Does Artificial Intelligence Impact Green Development? Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Wang Shuting , Wang Xiaowen
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence not only changes the production methods of traditional industries but also provides an important opportunity to decouple industrial development from environmental degradation and promote green economic growth. In order to further explore the green value of AI, this paper constructs an indicator of industrial robot penetration at the regional level, based on the idea of Bartik’s instrumental variable, and measures green development efficiency using the improved Super-SBM model. Based on a comprehensive explanation of the influence mechanism, a spatial measurement model and mediating effect model are constructed to test the spatial spillover effect and transmission mechanism between AI and green development. This study shows that (1) there is a significant inverted U shape in the impact of AI on green development; (2) the heterogeneity analysis finds that the structural dividend of AI is more obvious in capital-intensive and technology-intensive areas, which can more fully release its empowering effect on green development; (3) AI can not only directly affect green development but also indirectly affect green development by promoting green technology innovation and optimizing industrial structures, etc.; (4) AI has a significant inverted U-shaped spatial spillover effect on green development, and the development of local AI has a radiation-driven effect on the green development performance of its spatially related areas. The research methodology of this paper can be used for future research, and the results could provide support for the formulation of regional AI applications and green development policies.
Techno-Economic Sustainability Potential of Large-Scale Systems: Forecasting Intermodal Freight Transportation Volumes
Authors: Chupin Alexander , Morkovkin Dmitry , Bolsunovskaya Marina , Boyko Anna , Leksashov Alexander
Published: February 2024

The sustainability of large economies is one of the most important challenges in today’s world. As the world strives to create a greener and more efficient future, it becomes necessary to accurately analyze and forecast freight volumes. By developing a reliable freight transportation forecasting model, the authors will be able to gain valuable insights into the trends and patterns that determine the development of economic systems. This will enable informed decisions on resource allocation, infrastructure development, and environmental impact mitigation. Such a model takes into account various factors such as market demand, logistical capabilities, fuel consumption, and emissions. Understanding these dynamics allows us to optimize supply chains, reduce waste, minimize our carbon footprint, and, ultimately, create more sustainable economic systems. The ability to accurately forecast freight volumes not only benefits businesses by enabling better planning and cost optimization but also contributes to the overall sustainable development goals of society. It can identify opportunities to shift to more sustainable modes of transportation, such as rail or water, and reduce dependence on carbon-intensive modes, such as road or air. In conclusion, the development and implementation of a robust freight forecasting model is critical to the sustainability of large-scale economic systems. Thus, by utilizing data and making informed decisions based on these forecasts, it is possible to work toward a more sustainable future for future generations.
Global Investigations of Seawater Intrusion (SWI) in Coastal Groundwaters in the Last Two Decades (2000–2020): A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Perumal Muthukumar , Sekar Selvam , Carvalho Paula C. S.
Published: February 2024

Seawater intrusion represents the flow of seawater through coastal aquifers, but it also affects surface water bodies such as channels, canals, and wetlands. Transitional water volumes, variable density and salinity distributions, and heterogeneous hydraulic properties describe coastal aquifers which are present in complex environments. The relationships between water density and salinity, climatic variations, groundwater pumps, and sea level fluctuations provide complex hydrological conditions related to the distribution of dissolved salts. This review will focus on (i) systematic evaluation of global SWI areas assessed by different methodologies and author contributions, (ii) SWI identified areas across the world using publication results, and (iii) bibliometric analysis of SWI publications for evaluation of the current status in coastal zone management, including the research gaps that are published in the Journal of Hydrology (5.91%), Environmental Geology (3.41%), Hydrogeology Journal (3.20%), Science of the Total Environment (1.60%), Water Resources Research (1.50%), Arabian Journal of Geosciences (1.30%), Environmental Earth Sciences (1.20%), Advances in Water Resources (1.10%), Applied Geochemistry (1.10%), Water Resources Management (1.0%), and Hydrological Processes (0.8%), a collection representing 30.59% (94 articles) of the total peer-reviewed scientific products of the past two decades focusing on the use of the present status of SWI in coastal aquifers, estuaries, and lagoons.
Consideration of Sustainability in Projects: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Magano José , Silvius Gilbert , Nogueira Teresa , Hamed Farzad
Published: February 2024

The consideration of sustainability in projects is one of the most critical global trends in project management today, as projects are instrumental in the sustainable development of organisations and society. In the growing literature on this topic, most studies take a qualitative approach, often based on single case studies, and quantitative studies are underrepresented. To address these limitations, this study aims to examine the extent to which different aspects and perspectives of sustainability are integrated into projects by reporting a quantitative analysis of the consideration of sustainability in 134 projects. The analysis used the Sustainable Project Management Maturity Model SPM3 to analyse the level at which sustainability was considered in the projects. The results show that, on average, sustainability is considered at a reactive level, with the desired levels of consideration on average one level higher (proactive). When considering the different triple bottom line perspectives, the economic perspective scores highest, followed by the social and environmental perspectives. The study also shows that building-related projects score higher on sustainability considerations than other project types, as do larger projects. Limitations of the study include its European focus, the relatively small sample size, and the fact that the data was collected in different locations over a four-year period, which raises the possibility of subjective differences in the evaluation of individual projects. Nevertheless, the study can be seen as a ‘wake-up call’ for project practitioners, who need to be more proactive in this regard if projects are to be the route to sustainability.
The Implementation of Integrated Coastal Management in the Development of Sustainability-Based Geotourism: A Case Study of Olele, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyadi Yohanes , Demolingo Ramang H. , Latif B. Syarifuddin , Indrajaya Titus , Adnyana Putu Pramania , Wiweka Kadek
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the key determinants involved in formulating a sustainable plan for marine tourist development in the Olele Marine Park region with a specific focus on geotourism, guided by the principles of integrated coastal management (ICM). The current investigation employed descriptive analytical methodologies, utilizing interpretative structural modeling (ISM) as the selected analytical tool. The current research effectively accomplished the development of a spatial use zoning map inside the Olele Marine Park region with a specific focus on its use in the context of geotourism. This study posits that the incorporation of utilization zones, in addition to the existing core zones and sustainable fisheries, is vital for effective design. In addition, the findings of the ISM analysis also indicate that the development of the Olele Marine Park area encompasses a minimum of five elements. These elements consist of primary sub-elements and supporting sub-elements, which were deemed to be independent and exert significant driving forces. The findings of this study have practical implications for the government in formulating sustainable marine tourist development plans. These recommendations primarily focus on the concepts of ICM and are aimed at promoting geotourism.