bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lacipirellulaceae
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A.
Published: September 2021

La.ci.pi.rel.lu.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Lacipirellula
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Lacipirellulaceae
the
Lacipirellula
family.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Lacipirellulaceae

The family
Lacipirellulaceae
accommodates budding, chemoheterotrophic planctomycetes, which have a dimorphic life cycle, with motile daughter cells and nonmotile mother cells. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, oval, ellipsoidal, or pear shaped; cell poles are covered with crateriform pits. These planctomycetes do not form cell rosettes and stalks; cells occur singly or in aggregates. Members of this family are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, which grow on various mono‐, oligo‐, and polysaccharides. Both neutrophilic and acidotolerant representatives are known. The DNA G + C content is in the range of 52–67 mol%. These bacteria inhabit a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments, including low‐oxygen habitats. The type genus is
Lacipirellula
. The other described genera in this family are
Posidoniimonas
, “
Bythopirellula
,” “
Aeoliella
,” “
Botrimarina
,” “
Pirellulimonas
,” and “
Pseudobythopirellula
.” The family belongs to the order
Pirellulales
of the class
Planctomycetia
in the phylum
Planctomycetes
.

Type genus
:
Lacipirellula
Dedysh et al. 2020, VL193.
Chelativorans
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: September 2021

Che.la.ti.vo'rans. N.L. neut. n.
chelatum
a chelate; L. pres. part.
vorans
devouring; N.L. masc. n.
Chelativorans
a bacterium digesting metal chelates.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Phyllobacteriaceae / Chelativorans

Cells of the species of the genus
Chelativorans
stain Gram‐negative and are asporogenous, nonpleomorphic, rod shaped, and often found as pairs of cells. Nonmotile. Multiplication by binary fission is observed.
Some species form small white colonies (0.1–0.3 mm in diameter) on EDTA/mineral salt agar incubated for 7 days at 30°C.
Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen fixation are negative. Meso‐ and neutrophilic; optimal pH and temperature for growth are 6.5–7.5 and 25–35°C, respectively. Strictly aerobic with respiratory metabolism.
Do not utilize methanol and methylated amines as the carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources
. Incapable of autotrophic or methylotrophic growth. The major cellular fatty acids are summed feature 7 (consisting of C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
18:1
ω9
t
, and/or C
18:1
ω12
t
) and C
19:0
cyclo ω8
c
. Hydroxy fatty acids such as C
12:0
3‐OH, C
13:0
3‐OH, and C
15:0
iso 3‐OH are absent. The major ubiquinone is Q‐10. The predominant polar lipids are PC, PG, PE, PDE, PME, and DP.

The major polyamine is
sym
‐homospermidine

,
and small amounts of spermidine and putrescine are detected.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.8–64.3.

Type species
:
Chelativorans multitrophicus
Doronina et al. 2010
VP
.
Anaerobacillus
Authors: Zavarzina Daria G. , Kublanov Ilya V.
Published: September 2021

An.ae.ro.ba.cil'lus. Gr. pref.annot; Gr. masc. n. aer air; L. dim. masc. n.bacillussmall rod; N.L. masc. n.Anaerobacillusanaerobic rod.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Anaerobacillus

The genusAnaerobacillusis represented by Gram‐positive spore‐forming rods, which occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Cells of most species of the genus are motile by means of peritrichously or subpolarly located flagella. Members of the genus are strictly anaerobic, aerotolerant, or facultatively anaerobic, obligately or moderately alkaliphilic, halotolerant, or moderately halophilic mesophiles. They grow either by fermentation or by anaerobic respiration with arsenate or nitrate as an electron acceptor. Anteiso‐C15:0, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 fatty acids are present in the membranes of all representatives of the genus.Anaerobacilluscontains five species with validly published names, withAnaerobacillus arseniciselenatisas the type species. This genus is a member of the phylumFirmicutes, classBacilli,orderBacillales, and familyBacillaceae. Besides natural habitats, such as soda soils, soda lakes, and gold mines, representatives of the genusAnaerobacilluscould be detected in artificial habitats such as limekiln effluent.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 34.8–39.9 (Tmand genome sequence).

Type species:Anaerobacillus arseniciselenatisZavarzina et al. 2009, VL133 (Bacillus arseniciselenatisSwitzer Blum et al. 1998, VL80).
Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing of Graded Laves Phase Reinforced NiAlTa Structures by Means of Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Müller Michael , Stellmacher André , Riede Mirko , López Elena , Brueckner Frank , Leyens Christoph
Published: September 2021

Recently, the additive manufacturing (AM) technology laser metal deposition (LMD) has gained a lot of attention for processing crack prone high temperature materials such as nickel‐based superalloys or intermetallics. A feasibility study on LMD of a graded transition from binary ß‐NiAl to Ni50Al42Ta8 is presented with the aim to show the possibility of manufacturing ß‐NiAl‐based structures with a spatially resolved microstructure and subsequently tailored mechanical properties. For achieving this, the alloys Ni50Al50 and Ni50Al42Ta8 are coinjected into the process zone and the powder feeding rates are adapted in a layerwise manner. Due to preheating temperatures of up to 1000 °C, the transition can be manufactured with high relative density and a low degree of cold cracking. Scanning electron microscopy of the transition zone shows the formation of a fine dendritic microstructure consisting of ß‐NiAl dendritic and NiAlTa interdendritic regions. Large area energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis reveals a gradient in NiAlTa Laves phase content with increasing build height. The observed volume fraction of Laves phase corresponds well to reported values from cast ingots. Finally, hardness measurements along the build‐up direction show an increase in hardness from 300 HV0.1 to 680 HV0.1 indicating a tremendous increase in tensile strength.
Transferred Laser‐Scribed Graphene‐Based Durable and Permeable Strain Sensor
Authors: Hong Jianlong , Wu Jun , Mao Yiheng , Shi Qiongfeng , Xia Jun , Lei Wei
Published: September 2021

Laser‐scribed graphene (LSG), with programmable patterns and superior electronic properties, has attracted considerable attention and has been widely investigated for various wearable electronics. However, its characteristics such as easy peeling and weak stretchability have prevented it from further industrial applications. Herein, this work has demonstrated a durable, biodegradable, skin‐conformable LSG‐based strain sensor by using a transfer technology and the dehydration characteristic of a commercial make‐up accessory (nose film colloid), which has been declared as a pollution‐free and skin‐friendly flexible substrate. The sensor exhibits relatively high sensitivity of a gauge factor over 1200, large stretch range of more than 70% and stable piezoresistance responses after 5000 cyclic tests. It has an admirable durability that can maintain a stable resistance after rubbing and scratching of sandpaper, and a biodegradability that can be totally dissolved within a few minutes. A series of human computer interaction applications, such as music glove, have been presented to prove the availability and sweat permeability of the sensor. The environmentally friendly properties of the sensor and the printable fabrication process reveal the possibility of the large‐scale preparation of the flexible strain sensor.
Temperature‐Dependent Adhesion in van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Polfus Jonathan M. , Muñiz Marta Benthem , Ali Ayaz , Barragan‐Yani Daniel A. , Vullum Per Erik , Sunding Martin F. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Belle Branson D.
Published: September 2021

The interlayer coupling between 2D materials is immensely important for both the fundamental understanding of these systems, and for the development of transfer techniques for the fabrication of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. A number of uncertainties remain with respect to their adhesion characteristics due to the elusive nature of measured adhesion interactions. Moreover, it is theoretically predicted that the intrinsic ripples in 2D materials give rise to a temperature dependence in adhesion, although the vdW interactions themselves are principally independent of temperature. Here, direct measurements of the adhesion between reduced graphene oxide – coated by solution deposition on atomic force microscopy tips – and graphene, h‐BN, and MoS2 supported on SiO2 substrates and as freestanding membranes are presented. The in situ nanomechanical characterization reveals a prominent reduction in the adhesion energies with increasing temperature which is ascribed to the thermally induced ripples in the 2D materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Cascade Reaction for the Construction of Triazoles Bearing β‐Hydroxy Chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Xiang , Sun Bo‐Xun , Zhao Zhi‐Wei , Chen Xin , Xia Wen‐Jin , Shen Yuehai , Li Ya‐Min
Published: September 2021

A copper‐catalyzed four‐component cascade reaction for the preparation of triazoles bearing β‐hydroxy chalcogenides from terminal alkynes, azides, epoxides, and Se/K2S is reported. The present reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and exhibits a good functional group compatibility. A possible mechanism is proposed.

magnified image
Emergency medicine residents spend over 7.5 months of their 3‐year residency on the electronic health record
Authors: Olson Elizabeth , Rushnell Chelsea , Khan Ahsan , Cunningham Kyle W. , Allen Bryant , Fox Sean M. , Sing Ronald F. , Sachdev Gaurav
Published: September 2021

Background

Use of the electronic health record (EHR) is a standard component of modern patient care. Although EHRs have improved since inception, cumbersome workflows decrease the time for residents to spend on clinical and educational activities. This study aims to quantify the time spent interacting with the EHR during a 3‐year emergency medicine (EM) residency.

Methods

System records of time spent actively engaged in EHR use were analyzed for 98 unique EM residents over a period of 5 years from July 2015 to June 2020. Time spent on the EHR was totaled to give a career time, with a “work month” defined as a 4‐week period of 70.5 h per week, based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work hour restrictions for EM residents. Engagement in specific activities such as chart review, documentation preparation, and order entry were separately analyzed.

Results

Over their 3‐year training, a resident interacted with the EHR for 2,171 continuous hours. This amounts to 30.8 work weeks or 7.7 work months. Chart review was the most time‐intensive activity at 11.42 weeks. Documentation accounted for 9.91 weeks, with an average career total of 7,280 notes created. Additionally, each resident spent 4.57 weeks on order entry, with 46,347 orders entered during training. While the number of charts opened increased after first year of residency, average time spent on each activity per patient decreased.

Conclusions

This unique study quantifies the total time an EM resident spends on the EHR during a 3‐year residency. Use of the EHR accounted for over 7.5 work months or nearly 21% of their training. Residents spend a substantial portion of their training interacting with the EHR and workflow improvements to reduce EHR time are critical for maximizing training time.
Syngas production from polyolefins in a semi‐batch reactor system
Authors: Svadlenak Scott , Rochefort Skip , Goulas Konstantinos A.
Published: September 2021

We investigate syngas production from polyolefins commonly found in solid waste in a semi‐batch reactor system via gasification and catalytic reforming. We find that the gasification behavior of polymer waste is correlated to the energy of the weakest CH bond in the polymer structure. Furthermore, we show that the syngas yield can be enhanced by the use of adsorbents and reforming catalysts, which promote gasification and reforming over pyrolysis reactions. Adsorbents are required for the achievement of high syngas yields when the polymer feed is comprised of polymers that pyrolyze at lower temperatures, such as PS, PP, and LDPE, resulting in carbon loss as light hydrocarbons. Adsorbents trap these light gases and release them at a higher temperature, where reforming over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst can take place. This behavior also results in synergistic effects when blends of polymers are gasified. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is stable over multiple recycle reactor runs.
Three decades of the Human Genome Organization
Authors: Lee Charles , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Hamosh Ada , Burn John
Published: September 2021

The Human Genome Organization (HUGO) was initially established in 1988 to help integrate international scientific genomic activity and to accelerate the diffusion of knowledge from the efforts of the human genome project. Its founding President was Victor McKusick. During the late 1980s and 1990s, HUGO organized lively gene mapping meetings to accurately place genes on the genome as chromosomes were being sequenced. With the completion of the Human Genome Project, HUGO went through some transitions and self‐reflection. In 2020, HUGO (which hosts a large annual scientific meeting and comprises the renowned HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee [HGNC], responsible for naming genes, and an outstanding Ethics Committee) was merged with the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS; which defines the correct nomenclature for variation description) and the Human Variome Project (HVP; championed by the late Richard Cotton) into a single organization that is committed to assembling human genomic variation from all over the world. This consolidated effort, under a new Executive Board and seven focused committees, will facilitate efficient and effective communication and action to bring the benefits of increasing knowledge of genome diversity and biology to people all over the world.
Using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Veitch Dallas P. , Weiner Michael W. , Aisen Paul S. , Beckett Laurel A. , DeCarli Charles , Green Robert C. , Harvey Danielle , Jack Clifford R. , Jagust William , Landau Susan M. , Morris John C. , Okonkwo Ozioma , Perrin Richard J. , Petersen Ronald C. , Rivera‐Mindt Monica , Saykin Andrew J. , Shaw Leslie M. , Toga Arthur W. , Tosun Duygu , Trojanowski John Q. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has accumulated 15 years of clinical, neuroimaging, cognitive, biofluid biomarker and genetic data, and biofluid samples available to researchers, resulting in more than 3500 publications. This review covers studies from 2018 to 2020.

Methods

We identified 1442 publications using ADNI data by conventional search methods and selected impactful studies for inclusion.

Results

Disease progression studies supported pivotal roles for regional amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, and identified underlying genetic contributions to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular disease, immune response, inflammation, resilience, and sex modulated disease course. Biologically coherent subgroups were identified at all clinical stages. Practical algorithms and methodological changes improved determination of Aβ status. Plasma Aβ, phosphorylated tau181, and neurofilament light were promising noninvasive biomarkers. Prognostic and diagnostic models were externally validated in ADNI but studies are limited by lack of ethnocultural cohort diversity.

Discussion

ADNI has had a profound impact in improving clinical trials for AD.
Cooperative NHC/Photoredox Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of Aryl Cyclopropanes to 1‐Aroyloxylated‐3‐Acylated Alkanes
Authors: Zuo Zhijun , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: September 2021

Cyclopropanes are an important class of building blocks in organic synthesis. Herein, a ring‐opening/arylcarboxylation/acylation cascade reaction for the 1,3‐difunctionalization of aryl cyclopropanes enabled by cooperative NHC and organophotoredox catalysis is reported. The cascade works on monosubstituted cyclopropanes that are in contrast to the heavily investigated donor–acceptor cyclopropanes more challenging to be difunctionalized. The key step is a radical/radical cross coupling of a benzylic radical generated in the photoredox catalysis cycle with a ketyl radical from the NHC catalysis cycle. The transformation features metal‐free reaction conditions and tolerates a diverse range of functionalities.
Phenoxy Radical‐Induced Formation of Dual‐Layered Protection Film for High‐Rate and Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Chao , Liang Qianwen , Chen Zhongxin , Zhu Weiya , Wang Zejun , Li Yuan , Wu Xianwen , Xiong Xunhui
Published: September 2021

The uncontrollable dendrite growth of Li metal anode leads to poor cycle stability and safety concerns, hindering its utilization in high energy density batteries. Herein, a phenoxy radical Spiro‐O8 is proposed as an artificial protection film for Li metal anode owing to its excellent film‐forming capability and remarkable ionic conductivity. A spontaneous redox reaction between the Spiro‐O8 and Li metal results in the formation of a uniform and highly ionic conductive organic film in the bottom. Meanwhile, the phenoxy radicals on surface of Spiro‐O8 facilitate the decomposition of Li salt upon exposed to the ether electrolyte and lead the formation of LiF film on the top. Arising from the synergistic effects of inner high ionic conductive film and outer rigid film, stable Li plating/stripping can be realized at a high current density (4000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2) and a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2 for 550 h with an ultrahigh Li utilization rate of 54.6 %. As a proof of concept, this work shows a facile strategy to rationally fabricate dual‐layered interfaces for Li metal anodes.
Gold‐Catalyzed Reaction of Propargyl Esters and Alkynylsilanes: Synthesis of Vinylallene Derivatives through a Twofold 1,2‐Rearrangement
Authors: Bernardo Olaya , González‐Pelayo Silvia , Fernández Israel , López Luis A.
Published: September 2021

The reaction of propargyl esters with alkynylsilanes under gold catalysis provides vinylallene derivatives through consecutive [1,2]‐acyloxy/[1,2]‐silyl rearrangements. Good yields, full atom‐economy, broad substrate scope, easy scale‐up and low catalyst loadings are salient features of this novel transformation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest a reaction mechanism involving initial [1,2]‐acyloxy rearrangement to generate a gold vinylcarbene intermediate which upon regioselective attack of the alkynylsilane affords a vinyl cation which undergoes a type II‐dyotropic rearrangement involving the silyl group and the metal fragment. Preliminary results on the enantioselective version of this transformation are also disclosed.
A Cryptic Plant Terpene Cyclase Producing Unconventional 18‐ and 14‐Membered Macrocyclic C25 and C20 Terpenoids with Immunosuppressive Activity
Authors: Chen Yue‐Gui , Li De‐Sen , Ling Yi , Liu Yan‐Chun , Zuo Zhi‐Li , Gan Li‐She , Luo Shi‐Hong , Hua Juan , Chen Ding‐Yuan , Xu Fan , Li Man , Guo Kai , Liu Yan , Gershenzon Jonathan , Li Sheng‐Hong
Published: September 2021

A versatile terpene synthase (LcTPS2) producing unconventional macrocyclic terpenoids was characterized from Leucosceptrum canum. Engineered Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana expressing LcTPS2 produced six 18‐/14‐membered sesterterpenoids including five new ones and two 14‐membered diterpenoids. These products represent the first macrocyclic sesterterpenoids from plants and the largest sesterterpenoid ring system identified to date. Two variants F516A and F516G producing approximately 3.3‐ and 2.5‐fold, respectively, more sesterterpenoids than the wild‐type enzyme were engineered. Both 18‐ and 14‐membered ring sesterterpenoids displayed significant inhibitory activity on the IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production of T cells probably via inhibition of the MAPK pathway. The findings will contribute to the development of efficient biocatalysts to create bioactive macrocyclic sesterterpenoids, and also herald a new potential in the well‐trodden territory of plant terpenoid biosynthesis.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphinylation of Allenes with Phosphine Oxides: Access to Chiral Allylic Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Yang Zhiping , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: September 2021

A Pd‐catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of alkyl and aryl‐oxyallenes with phosphine oxides has been developed for the efficient and rapid construction of a family of chiral allylic phosphine oxides with a diverse range of functional groups. This methodology was further applied in the facile construction of chiral 2H‐chromene and later stage functionalization of cholesterol.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkynylation of 3,4‐Dihydro‐β‐carbolinium Ions Enables Collective Total Syntheses of Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Liang Lixin , Zhou Shiqiang , Zhang Wei , Tong Rongbiao
Published: September 2021

Chiral tetrahydro‐β‐carboline (THβC) is not only a prevailing structural feature of many natural alkaloids but also a versatile synthetic precursor for a vast array of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Asymmetric synthesis of C1‐alkynyl THβCs remains rarely explored and challenging. Herein, we describe the development of two complementary approaches for the catalytic asymmetric alkynylation of 3,4‐dihydro‐β‐carbolinium ions with up to 96 % yield and 99 % ee. The utility of chiral C1‐alkynyl THβCs was demonstrated by the collective total syntheses of seven indole alkaloids: harmicine, eburnamonine, desethyleburnamonine, larutensine, geissoschizol, geissochizine, and akuammicine.
Versatile Polymer Nanocapsules via Redox Competition
Authors: Zhou Jiajing , Xu Ming , Jin Zhicheng , Borum Raina M. , Avakyan Nicole , Cheng Yong , Yim Wonjun , He Tengyu , Zhou Jingcheng , Wu Zhuohong , Mantri Yash , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: September 2021

Polymer nanocapsules have demonstrated significant value in materials science and biomedical technology, but require complicated and time‐consuming synthetic steps. We report here the facile synthesis of monodisperse polymer nanocapsules via a redox‐mediated kinetic strategy from two simple molecules: dopamine and benzene‐1,4‐dithiol (BDT). Specifically, BDT forms core templates and modulates the oxidation kinetics of dopamine into polydopamine (PDA) shells. These uniform nanoparticles can be tuned between ≈70 and 200 nm because the core diameter directly depends on BDT while the shell thickness depends on dopamine. The supramolecular core can then rapidly disassemble in organic solvents to produce PDA nanocapsules. Such nanocapsules exhibit enhanced physicochemical performance (e.g., loading capacity, photothermal transduction, and anti‐oxidation) versus their solid counterparts. Particularly, this method enables a straightforward encapsulation of functional nanoparticles providing opportunities for designing complex nanostructures such as yolk–shell nanoparticles.
Fatigue‐Resistant Interfacial Layer for Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao Rui‐Min , Yang Hua , Wang Cao‐Yu , Ye Huan , Cao Fei‐Fei , Guo Zai‐Ping
Published: September 2021

The plating/stripping of Li dendrites can fracture the static solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cause significant dynamic volume variations in the Li anode, which give rise to poor cyclability and severe safety hazards. Herein, a tough polymer with a slide‐ring structure was designed as a self‐adaptive interfacial layer for Li anodes. The slide‐ring polymer with a dynamically crosslinked network moves freely while maintaining its toughness and fracture resistance, which allows it can to dissipate the tension induced by Li dendrites on the interphase layer. Moreover, the slide‐ring polymer is highly stretchable, elastic, and displays an ultrafast self‐healing ability, which allows even pulverized Li to remain coalesced without disintegrating upon consecutive cycling. The Li anodes demonstrate greatly improved suppression of Li dendrite formation, as evidenced by the high critical current density (6 mA cm−2) and stable cycling for the full cells with high‐areal capacity LiFePO4, high‐voltage NCM, and S cathodes.
Chiral Benzothiophene Synthesis via Enantiospecific Coupling of Benzothiophene S‐Oxides with Boronic Esters
Authors: Sang Ruocheng , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: September 2021

Benzothiophenes are valuable heterocycles that are widely used in medicines, agrochemicals, and materials science. Herein, we report a general method for the synthesis of enantioenriched 2,3‐disubstituted benzothiophenes via a transition‐metal‐free C2‐alkylation of benzothiophenes with boronic esters. The reactions utilize benzothiophene S‐oxides in lithiation‐borylations to generate intermediate arylboronate complexes, and subsequent Tf2O‐promoted S−O bond cleavage to trigger a Pummerer‐type 1,2‐metalate shift, which gives the coupled products with complete enantiospecificity. Primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl boronic esters and aryl boronic esters are successfully coupled with a range of C3‐substituted benzothiophenes. Importantly, this transformation does not require the use of C3 directing groups, therefore it overcomes a major limitation of previously developed transition‐metal‐mediated C2 alkylations of benzothiophenes.
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal 5‐arylidene tetramic acid‐cadmium(II) complexes
Authors: Matiadis Dimitris , Stefanou Valentina , Tsironis Dimitrios , Panagiotopoulou Angeliki , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga , Markopoulos John
Published: September 2021

The synthesis and biological evaluation of 5‐arylidene‐N‐acetyl‐tetramic acids cadmium(II) complexes are reported. Eleven novel compounds were prepared, characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and screened for their antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) and two fungi (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). The complexes showed similar or enhanced activities against MRSA in comparison to the corresponding ligands and, additionally, promising antifungal activities against C. neoformans. The most active compounds 3c and 3h showed remarkable activities against MRSA (minimum inhibitory activity [MIC] values of 32 and 4 μg/ml, respectively) and C. neoformans (MIC values of 8 and 16 μg/ml, respectively), accompanied by no human cell toxicity and hemolytic activity within the tested concentration range. The results demonstrate that appropriately functionalized tetramic acids attached with lipophilic alkanoyl chain and after complexation with cadmium(II) ions may act as valuable lead compounds for further investigations toward the development of novel antibacterial and/or antifungal agents.
Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes with Donor‐Acceptor‐Containing Bidentate Ligands and Their Application Studies as Organic Resistive Memories
Authors: Poh Wei Church , Au‐Yeung Ho‐Leung , Chan Alan Kwun‐Wa , Hong Eugene Yau‐Hin , Cheng Yat‐Hin , Leung Ming‐Yi , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Low Kam‐Hung , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: September 2021

A series of heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, [Pt(C^N)(O^O)], (1–10) with various donors and acceptors has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The X‐ray structure of 2 has also been determined. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the platinum(II) complexes were studied. These experimental results have been supported by computational studies. Furthermore, two of the complexes have been employed as the active material in the fabrication of resistive memory devices, exhibiting stable binary memory performance with low operating voltage, high ON/OFF ratio and long retention time.
Melatonin ameliorates trimethyltin chloride‐induced cardiotoxicity: The role of nuclear xenobiotic metabolism and Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE axis‐mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Cai Jingzeng , Yang Jie , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Haoran , Zhu Yue , Liu Qi , Zhang Ziwei
Published: September 2021

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride plastics that causes serious health hazards in nontarget organisms. Melatonin (MT) exhibits powerful protective effects in cardiac diseases. As a new environmental pollutant, TMT‐induced cardiotoxicity and the protective effects of MT remain unclear. To explore this, the mice were treated with TMT (2.8 mg/kg) and/or MT (10 mg/kg) for 7 days. Firstly, the histopathological and ultrastructural evaluation showed that TMT induced cardiac damage, tumescent rupture and nuclear pyknosis. Moreover, TMT elevated the expressions of pyroptosis genes NLRP3, ASC and Cas1 and inflammation factors IL‐6, IL‐17 and TNFα. Secondly, TMT reduced antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT and T‐AOC) via decreasing the expression of genes associated with the Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway to increase oxidative stress. Thirdly, TMT decreased the expression of genes associated with the ARE‐driven drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including Akr7a3, Akr1b8, and Akr1b10. Besides, TMT upregulated the mRNA expression of nuclear Xenobiotic metabolism on cytochrome P450s enzymes via increasing the expression of CAR, PXP, and AHR genes. Furthermore, MT treatment mitigated the aforementioned adverse changes induced by TMT. Overall, these results demonstrated that TMT caused pyroptosis and inflammation to aggravate cardiac damage via inducing excessive oxidative stress, imbalance of DMEs homeostasis, and nuclear Xenobiotic metabolism disorder, which could be alleviated by MT.
Mechanisms and applications of peptide nucleic acids selectively binding to double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Zhan Xuan , Deng Liping , Chen Gang
Published: September 2021

RNAs form secondary structures containing double‐stranded base paired regions and single‐stranded regions. Probing, detecting and modulating RNA structures and dynamics requires the development of molecular sensors that can differentiate the sequence and structure of RNAs present in viruses and cells, as well as in extracellular space. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the development of chemically modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for the selective recognition of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequences over both single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) and double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) sequences. We also briefly discuss the applications of sequence‐specific dsRNA‐binding PNAs in sensing and stabilizing dsRNA structures and inhibiting dsRNA‐protein interactions.
Understanding the role of Br− during the electrooxidation of I− in aqueous media: I2Br−(aq)‐formation without the precipitation of an iodine film
Authors: Park Cheolmin , Chang Jinho
Published: September 2021

Zn‐polyiodide redox flow battery is considered to be promising energy storage systems. However, the rate of the I3−(aq)/I−(aq) half redox reaction could be limited by a metastable iodine film in aqueous solutions. In this article, we found that the addition of Br− could inhibit the formation of an iodine film (I2‐F) and form soluble I2Br−(aq) during the electrooxidation of I−. I− was electrochemically oxidized to the soluble form I3−(aq). The depletion of I−(aq) and an increase of I3−(aq) would lead to the formation of I2 and form I2‐F. Then, under a steady state, I−(aq) was electrochemically oxidized to I3−(aq) via I2‐F. However, the reaction pathway for the electrooxidation of I− was significantly altered by the addition of Br−. I− was electrochemically oxidized to I3−(aq) and was further oxidized to I2Br−(aq) without the formation of I2‐F. Moreover, we estimated the stability constant of I2Br−(aq) and consequently the fractional diagrams of I2(aq), I3−(aq), and I2Br−(aq) existing in a solution with both I− and Br− during the electrooxidation of I−, providing the necessity of a highly concentrated Br− condition in the vicinity of an electrode to form I2Br−(aq) as the main iodine species through the electrooxidation of I−.
Development of a nondestructive assay method using Raman spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical production process of a freeze‐dried injection with gemcitabine as active pharmaceutical ingredient
Authors: Kim Jaejin , Han Janghee , Woo Young‐Ah
Published: September 2021

Freeze‐dried injectable drugs based on gemcitabine are mainly used as anticancer drugs for pancreatic cancer. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is mainly used to analyze the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content in the pharmaceuticals prepared in this way. While the HPLC method has high accuracy, it has the disadvantage that it cannot measure all of the large numbers of products produced due to the long measurement time. To solve this problem, a Raman spectrometer was installed in the pharmaceutical production process to measure the API content of all products. After installing a Raman spectrometer in the pharmaceutical production process, the verified quantitative model was used to measure API content in real time. A total of 4500 vials from three batches were tested, and the averages of each of the three batches were 100.0%, 100.2%, and 99.7%.
FSC231 alleviates paclitaxel‐induced neuralgia by inhibiting the interactions between PICK1 and GluA2 and activates GSK‐3β and ERK1/2
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Jiagao , Ran Ran , Peng Yuchuan , Xiao Yun
Published: September 2021

Background

FSC231, a PSD‐95/DLG/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domain inhibitor of protein kinase Cα interacting protein 1 (PICK1), has analgesic effects, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

The expression level of PICK1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats was changed by vector plasmid, and the effect of PICK1 on paclitaxel (PTL)‐induced neuralgia of rats was observed in collaboration with FSC231 treatment. The possible molecular mechanisms were explored by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western Blot and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) techniques.

Results

PTL treatment can significantly reduce mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), shorten thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), promote DRG inflammation and release of substance P (SP), stimulate PICK1 expression, decrease α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid receptor 2 (AMPAR, GluA2) level and increase glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) and extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in rats, while FSC231 treatment can alleviate the above effects induced by PTL. Overexpression of PICK1 can counteract reduced PICK1 level, increased GluA2 level and decreased GSK‐3β and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels caused by FSC231 treatment. The results of Co‐IP confirmed the interactions between PICK1 and GluA2. Both FSC231 treatment and silent PICK1 improved PTL‐induced MWT reduction, TWL shortening, inflammation, SP release and related gene expression changes, with cumulative effect.

Conclusion

FSC231 activates GSK‐3β/ERK1/2 by inhibiting the interaction between PICK1 and GluA2 and alleviates PTL‐induced DRG neuralgia in rats.
Mitochondrial Membrane Disrupting Molecules for Selective Killing of Senescent Cells
Authors: Jana Batakrishna , Kim Sangpil , Chae Jae‐Byoung , Chung Hyewon , Kim Chaekyu , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung
Published: September 2021

Cellular senescence, a stable form of cell cycle arrest, facilitates protection from tumorigenesis and aids in tissue repair as they accumulate in the body at an early age. However, long‐term retention of senescent cells causes inflammation, aging of the tissue, and progression of deadly diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Various attempts have been made to achieve selective elimination of senescent cells from the body, yet little has been explored in designing the mitochondria‐targeted senolytic agent. Many characteristics of senescence are associated with mitochondria. Here we have designed a library of alkyl‐monoquaternary ammonium‐triphenyl phosphine (TPP) and alkyl‐diquaternary ammonium‐TPP of varying alkyl chain lengths, which target the mitochondria; we also studied their senolytic properties. It was observed that the alkyl‐diquaternary ammonium‐TPP with the longest chain length induced apoptosis in senescent cells selectively via an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane disruption. This study demonstrates that mitochondria could be a potential target for designing new small molecules as senolytic agents for the treatment of a variety of dysfunctions associated with pathological aging.
Optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound or angiography guidance for distal left main coronary stenting. The ROCK cohort II study
Authors: Cortese Bernardo , de la Torre Hernandez Jose M. , Lanocha Magdalena , Ielasi Alfonso , Giannini Francesco , Campo Gianluca , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Latini Roberto A. , Krestianinov Oleg , Alfonso Fernando , Trani Carlo , Prati Francesco , Linares Jose A. , Sardella Gennaro , Wlodarczak Adrian , Viganò Elena , Camarero Tamara Garcia , Stella Pieter , Sozykin Alexander , Fineschi Massimo , Burzotta Francesco
Published: September 2021

Objectives

to test the safety and efficacy of intravascular imaging and specifically optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a diagnostic tool for left main angioplasty and analyze the mid‐term outcome accordingly.

Background

Clinical data and international guidelines recommend the use of intravascular imaging ultrasound (IVUS) to guide left main (LM) angioplasty. Despite early experience using OCT in this setting is encouraging, the evidence supporting its use is still limited.

Methods

ROCK II is a multicenter, investigator‐driven, retrospective European study to compare the performance of IVUS and OCT versus angiography in patients undergoing distal‐LM stenting. The primary study endpoint was target‐lesion failure (TLF) including cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction and target‐lesion revascularization. We designed this study hypothesizing the superiority of intravascular imaging over angiographic guidance alone, and the non‐inferiority of OCT versus IVUS.

Results

A total of 730 patients, 377 with intravascular‐imaging guidance (162 OCT, 215 IVUS) and 353 with angiographic guidance, were analyzed. The one‐year rate of TLF was 21.2% with angiography and 12.7% with intravascular‐imaging (p = 0.039), with no difference between OCT and IVUS (p = 0.26). Intravascular‐imaging was predictor of freedom from TLF (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23–0.93: p = 0.03). Propensity‐score matching identified three groups of 100 patients each with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The one‐year rate of TLF was 16% in the angiographic, 7% in the OCT and 6% in the IVUS group, respectively (p = 0.03 for IVUS or OCT vs. angiography). No between‐group significant differences in the rate of individual components of TLF were found.

Conclusions

Intravascular imaging was superior to angiography for distal LM stenting, with no difference between OCT and IVUS.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoflavanones and Pterocarpans through a RuII‐Catalyzed ATH‐DKR of Isoflavones
Authors: Gaspar Francisco V. , Caleffi Guilherme S. , Costa‐Júnior Paulo C. T. , Costa Paulo R. R.
Published: September 2021

Noyori‐Ikariya RuII complexes promoted the one‐pot C=C/C=O bonds reduction of isoflavones using sodium formate as the hydrogen source through Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation‐Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (ATH‐DKR). Due to the neutral conditions employed, isoflavones with different substituents at the 2’‐position of B‐ring (H, OH, OMe and Br) were successfully reduced. Ten cis‐3‐phenylchroman‐4‐ols were selectively obtained (>20 : 1 dr) in good yields (up to 86 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 : 1 er). The synthetic applications of these chiral compounds were also demonstrated. Enantioenriched isoflavanones were obtained under mild metal‐free oxidation of the cis‐3‐phenylchroman‐4‐ols while pterocarpans were synthesized by two strategies: an acid‐catalyzed cyclization and a novel approach based on a Pd‐catalyzed C−O intramolecular cross‐coupling reaction.
Synthesis of ω‐Muricholic Acid by One‐Pot Enzymatic Mitsunobu Inversion using Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Authors: Bertuletti Susanna , Ferrandi Erica Elisa , Monti Daniela , Fronza Giovanni , Bassanini Ivan , Riva Sergio
Published: September 2021

The biocatalyzed conversion of hyocholic acid (3α,6α,7α‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) into ω‐muricholic acid (3α,6α,7β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) has been obtained exploiting a small library of 7α‐ and 7β‐HSDHs (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases). The process has been optimized and performed avoiding the isolation of the 7‐oxo intermediate using the appropriate coupled enzymes for the in situ cofactor regeneration. Moreover, the biocatalyzed reduction of 6,7‐dioxolithocholic acid (3α‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dioxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) was also investigated.
An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles via Modifying Al2O3 with Cellulose and Its Application for CO Oxidation
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Qiaoying , Zhu Jiaming , Yang Gang , Liu Hualiang , Zhang Qing , Weng Weizheng , Wan Huilin
Published: September 2021

Pd nanoparticles were generated over Al2O3 modified by cellulose allowing a facile crystallization and used for CO oxidation. Smaller particles were prone to be formed over the support with the assistance of cellulose. The enhanced catalytic activity could be ascribed to the positive interaction between Pd particles and the modulated support.
Recent Progresses in Engineering of Ni and Co based Phosphides for Effective Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Kumaravel Sangeetha , Karthick Kannimuthu , Sam Sankar Selvasundarasekar , Karmakar Arun , Madhu Ragunath , Bera Krishnendu , Kundu Subrata
Published: September 2021

Producing pure hydrogen (H2) is presumably an alternative way for replacing the fossil fuels. Since the last few decades finding alternatives for state‐of‐the‐art catalysts such as IrO2 and RuO2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been a major challenge in the field of water electrolysis. To replace such precious metals, many efforts have been made to develop transition metal based bifunctional catalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Among them, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) show superior activity in both OER and HER with varying pH conditions. Moreover, the different phases of phosphides, P‐rich or P deficient metal composites (Ni/Co−P) offer a great opportunity in total water splitting (TWS) applications. There is no detailed review in the literature outlining the possible combinations, synthesis methods and morphologies of Ni and Co based phosphides. Based on the above shortage about TMPs as a bi‐functional catalyst for water electrolysis, this review summarizes the activity and stability Ni and Co phosphides. Furthermore, the review highlights monometallic phosphides such as NiP and CoP, bi‐metallic phosphides such as NiCoP, and the synergistic effect of doping Fe into NiP/CoP or Fe ‐NiCoP systems while detailing their preparation methods. Overall, this review extends the role of designing Ni and Co phosphides for efficient large scale electrocatalysis of hydrogen production.
Die Bedeutung der Lieferkette für den Klimafußabdruck von Unternehmen
Authors: Schmidt Mario , Nill Moritz , Scholz Johannes
Published: September 2021

Bei der Klimabilanz von Staaten, aber auch von Unternehmen, liefert der Einsatz von Gütern, die von außen kommen, einen beträchtlichen Beitrag. Für Unternehmen ist die Erfassung dieser Treibhausgas‐Emissionen schwierig, da sie in der Lieferkette erfolgen, die meistens nur bis zum ersten Lieferanten verfolgt werden kann. Mit Methoden der Input‐Output‐Analyse können die Emissionen in Lieferketten abgeschätzt werden. Sie liefern Anhaltspunkte für die Herkunft der Emissionen nach Ländern und Wirtschaftszweigen bzw. Produktgruppen. Mit rekursiven Methoden in der Lieferkette können diese Berechnungen kontinuierlich verbessert werden.
Evaluation and consistency calibration of hyperspectral imaging system based on liquid crystal tunable filter for fabric color measurement
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Liu Yue , Zhang Xinen , Hu Xudong
Published: September 2021

The Hyperspectral Imaging System can obtain the spectral response value of each pixel in a fabric sample image while being applied to fabric color measurement. Compared with the common grating Hyperspectral Imaging System, the Hyperspectral Imaging System based on Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) has the advantages of small size, high spatial resolution, and easy integration, which has potential application prospects in textile industry. In this article, the performance of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System for fabric color measurement was evaluated, and an improved model for calibrating the consistency between it and Datacolor 650 was proposed. First, the 210 Pantone cotton color cards were used as samples to study the color repeatability and reproducibility of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System. For evaluation its color measurement ability, the measured reflectance values were converted to the CIELAB color space and compared with those of Datacolor 650. Then, a Radial Basis Function neural network model was proposed to calibrate the color consistency between LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System and Datacolor 650 which can fully use the reflectance information of the whole band instead of only adjacent wavelengths. Experimental results show that the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System can accurately measure the fabric color with good repeatability and reproducibility, and the consistency between the two instruments was significantly improved based on the Radial Basis Function neural network model compared with the R model.
A survey on parallel computing for traditional computer vision
Authors: Jaiswal Deepak , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2021

The applications of computer vision (CV) are continuously increasing along with the enormous demand for real‐time data processing. This visual data processing is done with various compute‐intensive image/video processing algorithms that may belong to traditional approaches or deep learning approaches. This article aims to provide a survey of state‐of‐the‐art hardware platforms and software frameworks for parallel implementation of traditional CV applications. The article discusses various options for hardware platforms for centralized‐computing architecture and edge‐computing architecture, and various software frameworks that can be used to leverage the hardware. This discussion is based on a systematic survey of studies/works that show the use of various hardware platforms and software frameworks in order to achieve real‐time processing for CV algorithms. Based on the survey, some possible future directions are also discussed.
NDEx: Accessing Network Models and Streamlining Network Biology Workflows
Authors: Pillich Rudolf T. , Chen Jing , Churas Christopher , Liu Sophie , Ono Keiichiro , Otasek David , Pratt Dexter
Published: September 2021

NDEx, the Network Data Exchange (https://www.ndexbio.org) is a web‐based resource where users can find, store, share and publish network models of any type and size. NDEx is integrated with Cytoscape, the widely used desktop application for network analysis and visualization. NDEx and Cytoscape are the pillars of the Cytoscape Ecosystem, a diverse environment of resources, tools, applications and services for network biology workflows. In this article, we introduce researchers to NDEx and highlight how it can simplify common tasks in network biology workflows as well as streamline publication and access to data. Finally, we show how NDEx can be used programmatically via Python with the ‘ndex2’ client library, and point readers to additional examples for other popular programming languages such as JavaScript and R. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Getting started with NDEx

Basic Protocol 2: Using NDEx and Cytoscape in a publication‐oriented workflow

Basic Protocol 3: Manipulating networks in NDEx via Python