bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morningness-Eveningness and Problematic Online Activities
Authors: Rigó Adrien , Tóth-Király István , Magi Anna , Eisinger Andrea , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: February 2023

Online activities and problematic online behaviors have recently emerged as important research topics. However, only a few studies have explored the possible associations between these behaviors and morningness-eveningness. The authors examined whether eveningness predicts these distinct problematic online behaviors differently and directly or via mediators. The associations between eveningness and three different problematic online behaviors (problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming, and problematic social media use) were explored among a large sample of Hungarian young adults (N = 1729, 57.2% female, Mage = 22.01, SDage = 1.97) by using a self-report survey. Depression and the time spent engaging in online activities were assessed as possible mediators. The effects of age and sex were controlled for. Using structural equation modeling, the results supported the association between eveningness and the higher risk for all three problematic online behaviors and highlighted that these associations were mediated by depressive mood and time spent on the activities. In addition, eveningness also predicted PIU directly. Eveningness is a risk factor for problematic online behaviors not only because of the higher amount of time spent on the activities but also because of the worse mood associated with eveningness. The results highlight that it is important to examine the different types of online activity separately and explore the role of diverse risk factors, among them morningness-eveningness.
Is the hotel industry really committed to the environment? Answering using the business models framework
Authors: Quintás María A. , Martínez-Senra Ana I. , García-Pintos Adela
Published: February 2023

This paper conceptualizes Environmental Business Models in the hotel industry as the result of a balanced emphasis on several initiatives regarding value proposition, value creation and value capture. It tests how this framework affects 120 Spanish hotel chains by assessing their sustainability reports and websites. The results show that Environmental Business Models are still poorly developed and present uneven progress in their components. This may be a sign that managers are currently using a partial perspective for environmental management with a focus on value creation initiatives that mainly have a marketing or a cost impact.
Stress Distributions in Brazed Single-Lap Joints Under Tensile Loading
Authors: Kemmenoe David J. , Baker Shefford P.
Published: February 2023

The most common method for characterizing the strength of brazed joints is uniaxial tension testing of single lap joints (SLJs). Standard interpretations depend on the assumption that the average shear stress at failure is the key metric in determining joint strength. However, it is evident from the geometry that the stress distributions must be inhomogeneous with shear lag type stress concentrations at the ends of the overlap regions. Eccentric loading causes overlap rotation and bending stresses that amplify the stress concentrations and result in geometric nonlinearity. Unfortunately, details of the distributions of normal and shear stresses on the braze needed to understand failure have not been presented. Thus, finite element analysis was used to quantify these stress distributions using 2D elastic and elasto-plastic models of monolithic stainless steel SLJs. Bending stresses and normal and shear stresses acting on the braze were determined over a wide range of overlap ratios and applied stresses. For all conditions, stresses are highly concentrated in a narrow region at overlap ends with peak normal stresses exceeding peak shear stresses. Variations in peak stresses with applied stress and overlap ratio were found to fully explain experimental joint strength data. Common interpretations based on the average shear stress at failure are found to be incorrect. Implications for testing, interpretation, and joint design are discussed.
Ethical Diversity and Practical Uncertainty: A Qualitative Interview Study of Clinicians’ Experiences in the Implementation Period Prior to Voluntary Assisted Dying Becoming Available in their Hospital in Victoria, Australia
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Pratt Bridget , Sellars Marcus
Published: February 2023

In the Australian state of Victoria, legislation allowing voluntary assisted dying (VAD) passed through parliament in November 2017. There was then an eighteen-month period before the start date for patient access to VAD, referred to as the “implementation period.” The implementation period was intended to allow time for the relevant government department and affected organizations to develop processes before the Act came into effect in June 2019. This qualitative interview study investigates the perspectives of a multidisciplinary sample of twelve clinicians from a single metropolitan hospital during this implementation period. Maximum variation sampling was utilized to ensure breadth across discipline (medical, nursing, allied health), speciality, and stated level of support for the VAD legislation. Four key themes were identified from the interview data: preparing for the unknown, ethical diversity within the organization, building a respectful culture, and concerns about the inability of the legislated approach to capture clinical nuances. Overall, these clinicians’ workplace experiences during the implementation period were shaped by the ethical diversity within their organization and a sense of uncertainty about how the VAD legislation would integrate with the practical realities of their clinical setting. The concept of “ethical diversity” could be a useful one for supporting staff in an organization during a VAD implementation period.
Characteristics of potential concussive events in elite hurling: a video-analysis study
Authors: Rotundo Mario P , Sokol-Randell Darek , Bleakley Chris , Donnelly Paul , Tierney Gregory
Published: February 2023

Background

High-impact sports such as hurling place participants at risk of sport-related concussion (SRC).

Aims

This study will evaluate the characteristics of potential concussive events (PCEs) that occur in elite male hurling to acquire an understanding of how they occur.

Methods

The authors recorded PCEs and their characteristics throughout two seasons of inter-county GAA competition using broadcast footage based on a previously validated protocol.

Results

A total of 183 PCEs were identified over 82 inter-county matches (2.23 per match; 59.5 per 1000 h of exposure). PCEs that occurred in the 4th quarter were significantly more likely to result in signs of SRC. Players most often intended to receive/control the sliotar (36.4%, n = 64) prior to PCEs. The most frequently observed mechanism was shoulder-to-head (20.2%, n = 37). Impacts to the lateral aspect of the head were 2.7 times more likely to result in visible signs than impacts to anteroposterior regions.

Conclusions

Players appear to be at a higher risk of SRC later in the match or when receiving the sliotar. Strikes to the lateral aspect of the head and those involving the shoulder appear to produce severe events. These findings provide initial guidance for the development of targeted player protection strategies.
Development of a Signature Based on Eight Metastatic-Related Genes for Prognosis of GC Patients
Authors: Shang Fanjing , Wang Yafei , Shi Zixu , Deng Zhidong , Ma Jianwen
Published: February 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) has been a common tumor type with high mortality. Distal metastasis is one of the main causes of death in GC patients, which is also related to poor prognosis. The mRNA profiles and clinical information of GC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Univariate Cox and LASSO Cox analyses were used to screen the optimal metastasis-related genes (MRGs) to establish a prognostic Risk Score model for GC patients. The nomogram was used to visualize the Risk Score and predict the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT and the ratio of immune–stromal component was calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. A total of 142 differentially expressed genes were identified between metastatic and non-metastatic GC samples. The optimal 8 genes, comprising GAMT (guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase), ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5), ITIH3 (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3), GDF3 (growth differentiation factor 3), VSTM2L (V-set and transmembrane domain-containing 2 like), CIDEA (cell death inducing DFFA like effector a), NPTX1 (neuronal pentraxin-1), and UMOD (uromodulin), were further screened to establish a prognostic Risk Score, which proved to be an independent prognostic factor. Patients in high-risk group had a poor prognosis. There were significant differences in the proportion of 11 tumor-infiltrating immune cells between high-risk and low-risk subgroups. In addition, the StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore in high-risk group were higher than those in low-risk group, indicating that the tumor microenvironment of the high-risk group was more complex. A Risk Score model based on eight metastasis-related genes could clearly distinguish the prognosis of GC patients. The poor prognosis of patients with high-Risk Score might be associated with the complex tumor microenvironments.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Hemiplegic Migraine Patients Shows an Increased Burden of Missense Variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I Genes
Authors: Maksemous Neven , Harder Aster V. E. , Ibrahim Omar , Vijfhuizen Lisanne S. , Sutherland Heidi , Pelzer Nadine , de Boer Irene , Terwindt Gisela M. , Lea Rodney A. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Griffiths Lyn R.
Published: February 2023

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura. Given that causal missense mutations in the voltage-gated calcium channel α1A subunit gene CACNA1A have been identified in a subset of HM patients, we investigated whether HM patients without a mutation have an increased burden of such variants in the “CACNA1x gene family”. Whole exome sequencing data of an Australian cohort of unrelated HM patients (n = 184), along with public data from gnomAD, as controls, was used to assess the burden of missense variants in CACNA1x genes. We performed both a variant and a subject burden test. We found a significant burden for the number of variants in CACNA1E (p = 1.3 × 10−4), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10−16) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10−16). There was also a significant burden of subjects with missense variants in CACNA1E (p = 6.2 × 10−3), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10−16) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10−16). Both the number of variants and number of subjects were replicated for CACNA1H (p = 3.5 × 10−8; p = 0.012) and CACNA1I (p = 0.019, p = 0.044), respectively, in a Dutch clinical HM cohort (n = 32), albeit that CACNA1I did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. Our data suggest that HM, in the absence of a single causal mutation, is a complex trait, in which an increased burden of missense variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I may contribute to the risk of disease.
Dual Mating Strategies Observed in Male Clients of Female Sex Workers
Authors: Butterworth Jade , Pearson Samuel , von Hippel William
Published: February 2023

Humans have a complex and dynamic mating system, and there is evidence that our modern sexual preferences stem from evolutionary pressures. In the current paper we explore male use of a dual mating strategy: simultaneously pursuing both a long-term relationship (pair-bonding) as well as short-term, extra-pair copulations (variety-seeking). The primary constraint on such sexual pursuits is partner preferences, which can limit male behavior and hence cloud inferences about male preferences. The aim of this study was to investigate heterosexual male mating preferences when largely unconstrained by female partner preferences. In service of this goal, female full-service sex workers (N = 6) were surveyed on the traits and behaviors of their male clients (N = 516) and iterative cluster analysis was used to identify male mating typologies. Two clusters emerged: clients seeking a pair-bonding experience and clients seeking a variety experience. Results also suggested that romantically committed men were more likely to seek a variety experience than a relationship experience. We conclude that men desire both pair-bonding and sexual variety, and that their preference for one might be predicted by fulfilment of the other. These findings have implications for relationships, providing insight into motivations for male infidelity.
Augmented Intelligence, Augmented Responsibility?
Authors: Lüthi Nick , Matt Christian , Myrach Thomas , Junglas Iris
Published: February 2023

Intelligence Augmentation Systems (IAS) allow for more efficient and effective corporate processes by means of an explicit collaboration between artificial intelligence and human judgment. However, the higher degree of system autonomy, along with the enrichment of human capabilities, amplifies pre-existing issues of the distribution of moral responsibility: If an IAS has caused harm, firms who have operated the system might argue that they lack control over its actions, whereas firms who have developed the system might argue that they lack control over its actual use. Both parties rejecting responsibility and attributing it to the autonomous nature of the system leads to a variety of technologically induced responsibility gaps. Given the wide-ranging capabilities and applications of IAS, such responsibility gaps warrant a theoretical grounding in an ethical theory, also because the clear distribution of moral responsibility is an essential first step to govern explicit morality in a firm using structures such as accountability mechanisms. As part of this paper, first the necessary conditions for the distribution of responsibility for IAS are detailed. Second, the paper develops an ethical theory of Reason-Responsiveness for Intelligence Augmentation Systems (RRIAS) that allows for the distribution of responsibility at the organizational level between operators and providers. RRIAS provides important guidance for firms to understand who should be held responsible for developing suitable corporate practices for the development and usage of IAS.
Special Emergency Resources Preallocation Concerning Demand Time for Tunnel Collapse
Authors: Li Xia , Xiao Yuewen , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Haipeng , Chuo Eryong , Bai Haili
Published: February 2023

Lacking timely access to rescue resources is one of the main causes of casualties in tunnel collapse. To provide timely rescue, this study proposed a multi-objective preallocation model of special emergency resources for tunnel collapse based on demand time. Efficiency, multiple coverage, and cost-effectiveness are taken as the key objectives of the model; the demand time service range is used as a coverage decision factor considering the unique nature of tunnel collapse. The weight of potential disaster-affected points and other general factors are also considered in this model in order to thoroughly combine the distribution of disaster points and service areas. Further, we take 15 main tunnel projects under construction in China as an example. When the relative proximity to the ideal point of the selected optimal scheme εa is smaller than 0.5, we will adjust the weight of three objectives and reselect the optimal scheme until εa > 0.5. Compared with the not preallocated case, the number of rescue rigs needed is reduced by 8.3%, the number of covered potential disaster-affected points is increased by 36.36%, the weighted coverage times are increased from 0.853 to 1.383, and the weighted distance is significantly reduced by 99% when the rescue rigs are preallocated, verifying the feasibility and superiority of the proposed model.
Non-patient-related SARS-CoV-2 exposure from colleagues and household members poses the highest infection risk for hospital employees in a German university hospital: follow-up of the prospective Co-HCW seroprevalence study
Authors: Bahrs Christina , Weis Sebastian , Kesselmeier Miriam , Ankert Juliane , Hagel Stefan , Beier Stephanie , Maschmann Jens , Stallmach Andreas , Steiner Andrea , Bauer Michael , Behringer Wilhelm , Baier Michael , Richert Cora , Zepf Florian , Walter Martin , Scherag André , Kiehntopf Michael , Löffler Bettina , Pletz Mathias W.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The Co-HCW study is a prospective, longitudinal, single-center observational study that aims to assess the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection status in staff members of Jena University Hospital (JUH) in Jena, Germany.

Methods

This follow-up study covers the observation period from 19th May 2020 to 22nd June 2021. At each of the three voluntary study visits, participants filled out a questionnaire regarding their SARS-CoV-2 exposure and provided serum samples to detect specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Participants who were tested positive for antibodies against nucleocapsid and/or spike protein without previous vaccination and/or reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test were regarded to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was applied to identify potential risk factors for infected compared to non-infected participants.

Results

Out of 660 participants that were included during the first study visit, 406 participants (61.5%) were eligible for the final analysis as their COVID-19 risk area (high-risk n = 76; intermediate-risk n = 198; low-risk n = 132) did not change during the study. Forty-four participants [10.8%, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 8.0–14.3%] had evidence of a current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by serology (n = 40) and/or PCR (n = 28). No association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 risk group according to working place was detected. However, exposure to a SARS-CoV-2 positive household member [adjusted OR (AOR) 4.46, 95% CI 2.06–9.65] or colleague (AOR 2.30, 95%CI 1.10–4.79) was found to significantly increase the risk of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that non-patient-related SARS-CoV-2 exposure posed the highest infection risk for hospital staff members of JUH.
Commentary on Patient Advocacy and Research Priorities in Olfactory and Gustatory Disorders
Authors: Garden E. M. , Espehana A. , Boak D. , Gadi N. , Philpott C. M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose of Review

This paper outlines the challenges faced by people with smell and taste disorders (SATDs) and why patient advocacy is crucial in addressing these. It includes recent findings in identifying research priorities in SATDs.

Recent Findings

A recent Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) conducted with the James Lind Alliance (JLA) has been completed and the top 10 research priorities in SATDs determined. Fifth Sense, a UK charity, has been working alongside patient and healthcare professions to drive awareness, education and research in this area.

Following the completion of the PSP, Fifth Sense have launched six Research Hubs to take forward these priorities and engage with researchers to carry out and deliver research that directly answers the questions raised by the results of the PSP. The six Research Hubs cover a different aspect of smell and taste disorders. Each hub is led by clinicians and researchers recognised for their expertise in their field, who will act as champions for their respective hub.
Dysphagia Advances in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Patterson J. M. , Lawton M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose of Review

This review summarises the current literature regarding head and neck cancer–associated dysphagia. Up-to-date evidence for dysphagia outcome measurement for this population is provided, in addition to recent innovations that aim to prevent, reduce or remediate the common and debilitating side effects of treatment.

Recent Findings

Both patient-reported outcomes and clinical measures are necessary to capture the multi-dimensional nature of swallowing. A minimally important difference in scores has been calculated for some of these measures, to aid interpretation and powering of clinical trials. The number of dysphagia-related trials has increased, predominantly investigating optimal treatment for oropharyngeal HPV-positive disease, and speech and language pathology interventions using an impairment-based approach.

Although substantial progress has been made, further work is necessary to establish a consensus over outcome measures. Modifying treatments may improve outcomes. Several trials are underway to establish the effectiveness of speech and language pathology dysphagia interventions.
Genetically predicted obesity and risk of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Yuan Jiaqin , Wang Dejie , Zhang Yaqiang , Dou Qiang
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To determine the causal association between genetically predicted obesity and the risk of hip osteoarthritis.

Methods

We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip osteoarthritis using pooled-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‒Egger, and weighted median methods were used to estimate the causal association. In addition, we applied the MR Steiger filtering method, MR robust adjusted profile score (MR.RAPS) methods, and the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test to examine and address potential horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

We found a causal relationship between genetically predicted BMI and the risk of hip osteoarthritis by the IVW method [OR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–2.00, P = 0.02]. In the sensitivity analysis, the results of the MR‒Egger and weighted median methods revealed similar estimations but with a wide CI with lower precision. The funnel plot, MR–Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO all indicated the absence of a directional pleiotropic effect. In addition, no heterogeneity was observed in the present analysis. Therefore, the result of IVW is most suitable and reliable for the present MR analysis.

Conclusion

There is a causal relationship between obesity and a higher risk of hip osteoarthritis, suggesting that weight management may be an intervention for the prevention and management of hip osteoarthritis.

Level of evidence

Bioinformatics, Basic science.
Assessing Temporal Relational Responding in Young Children
Authors: Neufeld Jacob , Stewart Ian , McElwee John
Published: February 2023

Relational frame theory (RFT) sees temporal relational responding (e.g., A is after B; B is before A) as a key operant skill involved in the understanding of time. From this perspective relating events temporally is important for everyday life situations such as sequencing events, planning, and talking about the past or future. The aim of the present research was to assess performance on a test of temporal relational responding in young children at increasing levels of complexity. Twenty-five typically developing children between 3 and 8 years were assessed on tasks of nonarbitrary (i.e., based on physical events) and arbitrary (i.e., based on contextual cues only) temporal relations. Results showed a correlation between overall performance across temporal relational responding tasks and age. Performance on nonarbitrary “before” and “after” trials improved similarly with age whereas with arbitrary relations, participants performed much more poorly on “after” trials than on “before” trials and some interesting cohort specific patterns were also seen. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
BRCE: bi-roles co-evolution for energy-efficient distributed heterogeneous permutation flow shop scheduling with flexible machine speed
Authors: Huang Kuihua , Li Rui , Gong Wenyin , Wang Rui , Wei Heng
Published: February 2023

Distributed manufacturing is the mainstream model to accelerate production. However, the heterogeneous production environment makes engineer hard to find the optimal scheduling. This work investigates the energy-efficient distributed heterogeneous permutation flow scheduling problem with flexible machine speed (DHPFSP-FMS) with minimizing makespan and energy consumption simultaneously. In DHPFSP-FMS, the local search misleads the population falling into local optima which reduces the convergence and diversity. To solve this problem, a bi-roles co-evolutionary algorithm is proposed which contains the following improvements: First, the global search and local search is divided into two swarms producer and consumer to balance computation. Second, three heuristic rules are designed to get a high-quality initialization population. Next, five problem-based local search strategies are designed to accelerate converging. Then, an efficient energy-saving strategy is presented to save energy. Finally, to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, 22 instances are generated based on the Taillard benchmark, and a number of numerical experiments are adopted. The experiment results state that our algorithm is superior to the state-of-arts and more efficient for DHPFSP-FMS.
Efficient S-box construction based on quantum-inspired quantum walks with PSO algorithm and its application to image cryptosystem
Authors: Abd-El-Atty Bassem
Published: February 2023

Amidst the growth of the internet and communication technologies, the requirements for the security of data transmitted via these technologies are increasing. Visual data, like images and videos, are commonly utilized for representing the majority of data due to its having more detailed information. Until now, the physical implementation of quantum computers does not have enough capability for hacking any traditional image cryptosystem, but amidst the growth of quantum resources, enough capability may be available in the near future. Most data represented by images has a long lifetime, like personal, medical, military, etc. Therefore, new quantum-inspired-based designs for image cryptosystems are required to be performed on digital resources and have the capability of defying the potential attacks from digital and quantum resources. In this study, a new substitution box (S-box) mechanism is proposed, which is based on quantum-inspired quantum walks, Hénon map, and a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm. Performance analysis of the suggested S-box proves its effectiveness and its reliability in designing various cryptosystems. Based on the effectiveness of the presented S-box, a new image cryptosystem is proposed, in which its experiential outcomes prove its efficacy and security against various attacks. The average outcome of entropy is 7.99977, UACI is 33.484%, NPCR is 99.618%, and Chi-square is 249.481 for the constructed cipher images.
Classifying coke using CT scans and landmark multidimensional scaling
Authors: Nesbitt Keith , Aziz Fayeem , Mahoney Merrick , Chalup Stephan , Lamichhane Bishnu P.
Published: February 2023

One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the influence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difficulty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classified and distributed in three dimensions. To support such fundamental studies, this study evaluated a novel volumetric approach for classifying small (approx. 450 μm3) blocks of coke microstructure from 3D computed tomography scans. An automated process for classifying microstructure blocks was described. It is based on Landmark Multi-Dimensional Scaling and uses the Bhattacharyya metric and k-means clustering. The approach was evaluated using 27 coke samples across a range of coke with different properties and reliably identified 6 ordered class of coke microstructure based on the distribution of voxel intensities associated with structural density. The lower class (1–2) subblocks tend to be dominated by pores and thin walls. Typically, there is an increase in wall thickness and reduced pore sizes in the higher classes. Inert features are also likely to be seen in higher classes (5–6). In general, this approach provides an efficient automated means for identifying the 3D spatial distribution of microstructure in CT scans of coke.
Revisiting the classification of homogeneous 3-Sasakian and quaternionic Kähler manifolds
Authors: Goertsches Oliver , Roschig Leon , Stecker Leander
Published: February 2023

We provide a new, self-contained proof of the classification of homogeneous 3-Sasakian manifolds, which was originally obtained by Boyer et al. (J Reine Angew Math 455:183–220, [10]). In doing so, we construct an explicit one-to-one correspondence between simply connected homogeneous 3-Sasakian manifolds and simple complex Lie algebras via the theory of root systems. We also discuss why the real projective spaces are the only non-simply connected homogeneous 3-Sasakian manifolds and derive the famous classification of homogeneous positive quaternionic Kähler manifolds due to Alekseevskii (Funct Anal Appl 2(2):106–114, [2]) from our results.
A modified three-dimensional Hoek–Brown criterion for intact rocks and jointed rock masses
Authors: Que Xiangcheng , Zhu Zhende , Niu Zihao , Zhu Shu , Wang Luxiang
Published: February 2023

Accurate description of the failure strength behaviors of rock materials, including intact rocks and jointed rock masses, is essential for engineering design and construction. First, a novel three-dimensional (3D) version of the Hoek–Brown (HB) criterion for intact rocks is proposed in this paper. A stress weighting factor n is used in this criterion to describe the effects of intermediate and minimum principal stresses. The proposed 3D version is validated using six sets of polyaxial test data, and its prediction effect is compared with that of five other existing 3D criteria. Results show that the proposed criterion exhibits the smallest prediction error for most rock types. The fitted n is closely correlated to both the partial correlation factors of intermediate and minimum principal stresses. Then, an empirical relationship mb(β) between the material parameter mb and joint dip angle β is developed to apply the proposed criterion to jointed rock masses. The prediction performance of the proposed empirical relation and three other existing expressions for the mb of six jointed rock masses at different dip angles is compared, and the proposed relation exhibits the best. The performance of the proposed criterion with empirical relation mb(β) is also verified with nine sets of conventional and true triaxial test data. Results indicate that the predicted strengths are in agreement with the test data. The expression form of the established relation mb(β) can also accurately describe the variation in the mb value with dip direction α.
Data or Business First?—Manufacturers’ Transformation Toward Data-driven Business Models
Authors: Stahl Bastian , Häckel Björn , Leuthe Daniel , Ritter Christian
Published: February 2023

Driven by digital technologies, manufacturers aim to tap into data-driven business models, in which value is generated from data as a complement to physical products. However, this transformation can be complex, as different archetypes of data-driven business models require substantially different business and technical capabilities. While there are manifold contributions to research on technical capability development, an integrated and aligned perspective on both business and technology capabilities for distinct data-driven business model archetypes is needed. This perspective promises to enhance research’s understanding of this transformation and offers guidance for practitioners. As maturity models have proven to be valuable tools in capability development, we follow a design science approach to develop a maturity model for the transformation toward archetypal data-driven business models. To provide an integrated perspective on business and technology capabilities, the maturity model leverages a layered enterprise architecture model. By applying and evaluating in use at two manufacturers, we find two different transformation approaches, namely ‘data first’ and ‘business first’. The resulting insights highlight the model’s integrative perspective’s value for research to improve the understanding of this transformation. For practitioners, the maturity model allows a status quo assessment and derives fields of action to develop the capabilities required for the aspired data-driven business model.
The effect of unilateral adrenalectomy on patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Yu Zhongwei , Gao Jie , Sun Fukang
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the long-term effect of unilateral adrenalectomy (uADX) on patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients (including 11 men and 18 women) with PBMAH and Cushing’s syndrome (CS) between 2005 and 2019 who underwent uADX in our center. Clinical symptoms, serum cortisol (8:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and 0:00 a.m.), 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC), computed tomography (CT) scan of the adrenal gland, and pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) scan performed before and after operation were analyzed.

Results

The median follow-up time was 39 (13–134) months. uADX decreased significantly at 24 h UFC (median: 357.14 vs. 89.50 ug/24 h, P < 0.001) and serum cortisol (8:00 a.m.) (median: 22.88 vs. 12.50 ug/uL, P < 0.001) 1 year after surgery. In total, 17 of 29 patients had normal UFC again 1 year after surgery, while one of them suffered a relapse after 61 months. However, uADX failed to decrease UFC to the normal range in the other patients. Ten of the remaining 12 uncured patients and the relapsed patient finally underwent contralateral adrenalectomy (cADX). The 24 h UFC of the patients who were cured (n = 17) after uADX was significantly lower than that of the uncured patients (n = 12) (222.30 vs. 579.10 ug/24 h, P = 0.011).

Conclusion

uADX may be an appropriate treatment for patients with mildly elevated cortisol, while contralateral adrenalectomy (cADX) may be required for patients with highly elevated cortisol. The level of 24 h UFC is helpful to predict patients’ prognosis.
Forschungs- und Entwicklungsfelder der Lehrkräftebildung – Diskussion ausgewählter Erkenntnisse und weiterführender Bedarfe
Authors: Bernholt Andrea , Sorge Stefan , Rönnebeck Silke , Parchmann Ilka
Published: February 2023

Im vorliegenden Beitrag fassen wir ausgewählte Ansätze und Desiderata zur Forschung der Lehrkräftebildung und deren Bedeutung für das berufliche Handeln aus den letzten Jahren zusammen und diskutieren basierend darauf mögliche Handlungsfelder für die Zukunft. Die Forschung zur Lehrkräftebildung ist stark durch ihre Kompetenzorientierung gekennzeichnet. So liegen inzwischen verschiedene Befunde zur Bedeutung des Professionswissens, aber auch zu nicht-kognitiven Kompetenzfacetten wie Überzeugungen und motivationalen Orientierungen vor. Dabei bleibt jedoch unklar, wie ein Kompetenzaufbau insbesondere über die unterschiedlichen Phasen der Lehrkräftebildung gestaltet sein sollte. Für die erste Phase der Lehrkräftebildung haben sich die Bemühungen um Kohärenz als ein mögliches Leitbild zur Gestaltung etabliert. Kohärente Lehrkräftebildung kapitalisiert dabei besonders Synergieeffekte zwischen unterschiedlichen Lerngelegenheiten. Für das aktuelle Thema der Qualifizierung von Quer- und Seiteneinsteiger*innen existieren solche Gestaltungsprinzipien aber noch nicht; hier zeigt sich bislang ein eher heterogenes Bild. Im Beitrag werden die Schwerpunkte Kompetenzentwicklung, Kohärenz sowie die aktuellen Herausforderungen des Quer- und Seiteneinstiegs diskutiert und Handlungsfelder für zukünftige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaufgaben herausgestellt.
Bayes Factors for Mixed Models: Perspective on Responses
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Aust Frederik , Haaf Julia M. , Stefan Angelika M. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: February 2023

In van Doorn et al. (2021), we outlined a series of open questions concerning Bayes factors for mixed effects model comparison, with an emphasis on the impact of aggregation, the effect of measurement error, the choice of prior distributions, and the detection of interactions. Seven expert commentaries (partially) addressed these initial questions. Surprisingly perhaps, the experts disagreed (often strongly) on what is best practice—a testament to the intricacy of conducting a mixed effect model comparison. Here, we provide our perspective on these comments and highlight topics that warrant further discussion. In general, we agree with many of the commentaries that in order to take full advantage of Bayesian mixed model comparison, it is important to be aware of the specific assumptions that underlie the to-be-compared models.
Victoria Welby
Authors: Thomas Emily
Published: February 2023

In 1880s Britain, Victoria Welby (1837–1912) began creating a rich, wide-ranging metaphysical system. At its heart lies Motion, 'the great fact, the supreme category'. Drawing extensively on archive materials, this Element offers the first study of Welby's metaphysics. It portrays her universe as a complex of motions: motions comprise material bodies, living beings, and conscious minds. This dynamic universe, 'Motion', underlies many other elements of her thought, including her views on idealism, panpsychism, change, space, and anti-realism about time. This study shows that Welby's metaphysics are deeply embedded in the scientific-philosophical debates of her period, and variously draw on vortex theories of matter in physics; Victorian panpsychisms, fuelled by debates over the continuity of mind in Darwinian evolution; and new conceptions of time as the 'fourth dimension' of space. Victoria Welby significantly advances our understanding of Welby's philosophy, opening paths for future scholarship.
Sergi Belbel and Catalan Theatre
Authors: George David
Published: February 2023

A major contemporary playwright and director.
Mujeres épicas españolas
Authors: Ratcliffe Marjorie
Published: February 2023

La deformación literaria de las mujeres épicas.
All Roads Lead to Beijing? Shifts in Chinese Labour and Capital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Ying , Crout Leigha , Matković Aleksandar
Published: February 2023

The unprecedented global pandemic has shaken the world's foundations – upending legal institutions, toppling established principles of transnational governance, and limiting mobility between nations. In the People's Republic of China (the PRC or China), one of the most significant legal developments is the major reconfiguration of the state's labour and capital policies oriented towards its economic partners with emerging economies and economies in transition. These policies have changed dramatically, especially given the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on lower-income states. China's domestic situation and its need to meet evolving transnational demands also contribute to the reformation of these economic ties, and perhaps precede further changes to be implemented in the future. To provide much-needed insight into this ongoing transformation, this Article investigates how China's labour and capital policies towards its key international partners have developed in response to the pandemic. Drawing on three case studies, we use a socio-legal approach to analyse the status of migrants from African countries in China, labour immigration to China from its southwestern border regions, and the emigration of Chinese nationals to Serbia and the Balkans for the purposes of labour and investment. Through these representative developments, this Article unveils new trends in China's post-pandemic labour and capital policies, including enhanced responsiveness; a security-centric approach to border management; and an improving regulatory approach to ordinary migration channels.
Digital Livestock Technologies as boundary objects: Investigating impacts on farm management and animal welfare
Authors: Schillings Juliette , Bennett Richard , Wemelsfelder Françoise , Rose David C
Published: February 2023

Digital Livestock Technologies (DLTs) can assist farmer decision-making and promise benefits to animal health and welfare. However, the extent to which they can help improve animal welfare is unclear. This study explores how DLTs may impact farm management and animal welfare by promoting learning, using the concept of boundary objects. Boundary objects may be interpreted differently by different social worlds but are robust enough to share a common identity across them. They facilitate communication around a common issue, allowing stakeholders to collaborate and co-learn. The type of learning generated may impact management and welfare differently. For example, it may help improve existing strategies (single-loop learning), or initiate reflection on how these strategies were framed initially (double-loop learning). This study focuses on two case studies, during which two DLTs were developed and tested on farms. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in the case studies (n = 31), and the results of a separate survey were used to complement our findings. Findings support the important potential of DLTs to help enhance animal welfare, although the impacts vary between technologies. In both case studies, DLTs facilitated discussions between stakeholders, and whilst both promoted improved management strategies, one also promoted deeper reflection on the importance of animal emotional well-being and on providing opportunities for positive animal welfare. If DLTs are to make significant improvements to animal welfare, greater priority should be given to DLTs that promote a greater understanding of the dimensions of animal welfare and a reframing of values and beliefs with respect to the importance of animals’ well-being.
Validating Indicators of Subjective Animal Welfare
Authors: Browning Heather
Published: February 2023

Measurement of subjective animal welfare creates a special problem in validating the measurement indicators used. Validation is required to ensure indicators are measuring the intended target state, and not some other object. While indicators can usually be validated by looking for correlation between target and indicator under controlled manipulations, this is not possible when the target state is not directly accessible. In this article, I outline a four-step approach using the concept of robustness that can help with validating indicators of subjective animal welfare.
Supposition and (Statistical) Models
Authors: Dethier Corey
Published: February 2023

In a recent paper, Sprenger advances what he calls a “suppositional” answer to the question of why a Bayesian agent’s degrees of belief should align with the probabilities found in statistical models. I show that Sprenger’s account trades on an ambiguity between hypothetical and subjunctive suppositions and cannot succeed once we distinguish between the two.
Adaptationism and Trait Individuation
Authors: DiFrisco James , Ramsey Grant
Published: February 2023

Adaptationism is often taken to be the thesis that most traits are adaptations. To assess this thesis, it seems we must be able to establish either an exhaustive set of all traits or a representative sample of this set. Either task requires a more systematic and principled way of individuating traits than is currently available. Moreover, different trait individuation criteria can make adaptationism turn out true or false. For instance, individuation based on natural selection may render adaptationism true, but may do so by presupposing adaptationism. In this article, we show how adaptationism depends on trait individuation and that the latter is an open and unsolved problem.
Peer Review, Innovation, and Predicting the Future of Science: The Scope of Lotteries in Science Funding Policy
Authors: Shaw Jamie
Published: February 2023

Recent science funding policy scholars and practitioners have advocated for the use of lotteries, or elements of random chance, as supplementations of traditional peer review for evaluating grant applications. One of the primary motivations for lotteries is their purported openness to innovative research. The purpose of this article is to argue that current proponents of funding science by lottery overestimate the viability of peer review and thus unduly restrict the scope of lotteries in science funding practice. I further show how this analysis suggests a different way of introducing lotteries into science funding policy.
Can Bayesian Models of Cognition Show That We Are (Epistemically) Rational?
Authors: Levy Arnon
Published: February 2023

“According to [Bayesian] models” in cognitive neuroscience, says a recent textbook, “the human mind behaves like a capable data scientist.” Do they? That is, do such models show we are rational? I argue that Bayesian models of cognition, perhaps surprisingly, don’t and indeed can’t show that we are Bayes-rational. The key reason is that they appeal to approximations, a fact that carries significant implications. After outlining the argument, I critique two responses, seen in recent cognitive neuroscience. One says that the mind can be seen as approximately Bayes-rational, while the other reconceives norms of rationality.
Doom Town, Nevada Test Site, and the Popular Imagination of Atomic Disaster
Authors: WILLS JOHN
Published: February 2023

This article explores the effect of Doom Town, a civil defense experiment conducted at Nevada Test Site in March 1953 and May 1955, on American attitudes toward the atom. Initially conceived by the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) as a means to progress knowledge and understanding of how to survive nuclear attack, the creation and destruction of two “Survival Towns” in the Nevadan desert instead accelerated national anxieties. My article looks at how local and national media negatively framed the two experiments, and how the public responded, with two specific images of Doom Town undermining public confidence in the atom: the ruined city (or homegrown Hiroshima) and the projected death of the American nuclear family.
Probing of alpha, beta and kappa-caseins polymorphic variants in Gangatiri cow milk with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HRAMS
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Nimmanapalli Ramadevi , Hooda Ankita
Published: February 2023

This research communication aimed to probe the genetic polymorphisms of alpha, beta, and kappa caseins in Gangatiri cows (an indigenous Indian cattle). Detection of variants has received considerable research interest in the dairy industry and animal breeding in recent years as a source of good quality protein, but also of bioactive peptides that may be linked to health implications. The polymorphic nature of casein fractions and their association with milk production traits, composition, and quality also attracted several efforts in evaluating the allelic distribution of different casein locus as a potential dairy trait marker. Molecular techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution accurate mass-spectrometry have been applied to this probe. Sequence analysis of different casein types in the cows showed the presence of four specific variants.
Dairy animals and breast cancer: reflections on a long-term study from the 1970s that was never done
Authors: Peaker Malcolm
Published: February 2023

In this short commentary I recall a long-term experiment that was sketched out to determine if the low incidence of mammary cancer in dairy animals reflects a low incidence in these species generally or is the result of a protective effect of early pregnancy and long lactations. Although that experiment was never done, I discuss these questions in the light of developing knowledge on the incidence of cancer in ruminants generally and in the mammary gland in particular.