bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of a Family of Novel (E)‐2‐Aryl‐1‐silylalka‐1,4‐dienes (III) or (E)‐4‐Aryl‐5‐silylpenta‐1,2,4‐trienes (VI) via a Cross‐Coupling of (Z)‐Silyl‐(stannyl)ethenes with Allyl Halides or Propargyl Bromide.
Authors: Sasaki Fumio , Endo Takanori , Noguchi Masanori , Kawai Kenji , Nakano Taichi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Step Fluorination of Dialkylphosphites: Trichloroacetonitrile—KF as an Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Dialkyl Fluorophosphates.
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Acharya J. , Pardasani D. , Dubey D. K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Intramolecular Diels—Alder Strategy for the Asbestinins: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of 11‐Acetoxy‐4‐deoxyasbestinin D (Ia) and Asbestinin‐12 (Ib).
Authors: Crimmins Michael T. , Ellis J. Michael
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Disulfide‐ to Thioether‐Linked Glycoproteins.
Authors: Bernardes Goncalo J. L. , Grayson Elizabeth J. , Thompson Sam , Chalker Justin M. , Errey James C. , El Oualid Farid , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino N‐Amidoacylation/Aldol‐Type Condensation Approach to the Synthesis of the Topo‐I Inhibitor Rosettacin and Derivatives.
Authors: Pin Frederic , Comesse Sebastien , Sanselme Morgane , Daich Adam
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Skeletal Rearrangements Involving in the C Ring of C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloid Deltaline Derivatives.
Authors: Zou Chun‐Lan , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Feng‐Peng , Chen Qiao‐Hong
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Position Base‐Modified Analogues of Adenophostin A as High‐Affinity Agonists of the D‐myo‐Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor: In vitro Evaluation and Molecular Modeling.
Authors: Sureshan Kana M. , Trusselle Melanie , Tovey Stephen C. , Taylor Colin W. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 7‐Deaza Cyclic Adenosine 5′‐Diphosphate Ribose Analogues (I), Membrane‐Permeant Modulators on Intracellural Calcium Release.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Bailey Victoria C. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyanxanthone A, B and C, Three Xanthones from the Wood Trunk of Garcinia polyantha Oliv.
Authors: Lannang Alain Meli , et al. et al.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Durinskiol B: A New Durinskiol Congener from the Symbiotic Marine Dinoflagellate Durinskia sp.
Authors: Siwu Eric Richard Oktavianus , Ohno Osamu , Kita Masaki , Uemura Daisuke
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Efforts Toward the Macrolactone Core (I) of Leucascandrolide A (II).
Authors: Ferrie Laurent , Boulard Lucie , Pradaux Fabienne , Bouzbouz Samir , Reymond Sebastien , Capdevielle Patrice , Cossy Janine
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of the Naphthalene Portion of Purpuromycin (I).
Authors: Lowell Andrew N. , Fennie Michael W. , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indirect Similarity Based Methods for Effective Scaffold‐Hopping in Chemical Compounds.
Authors: Wale Nikil , Watson Ian A. , Karypis George
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantifying the Relationships among Drug Classes.
Authors: Hert Jerome , Keiser Michael J. , Irwin John J. , Oprea Tudor I. , Shoichet Brian K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approach to Structure‐Based Pharmacophore Search Using Computational Geometry and Shape Matching Techniques.
Authors: Ebalunode Jerry Osagie , Ouyang Zheng , Liang Jie , Zheng Weifan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Virtual Screening System for Finding Structurally Diverse Hits by Active Learning.
Authors: Fujiwara Yukiko , Yamashita Yoshiko , Osoda Tsutomu , Asogawa Minoru , Fukushima Chiaki , Asao Masaaki , Shimadzu Hideshi , Nakao Kazuya , Shimizu Ryo
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Thiourea Derivatives Obtained from 5‐[(4‐Aminophenoxy)methyl] ‐4‐alkyl/aryl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones and Evaluation as Antiviral/anti‐HIV and Antituberculosis Agents.
Authors: Kuecuekguezel Ilkay , Tatar Esra , Kuecuekguezel S. Gueniz , Rollas Sevim , De Clercq Erik
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Water‐Soluble NMDA Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Masuko Takashi , Kusama Tadashi , Nagaoka Hiroki , Metori Koichi , Kizawa Yasuo , Miyake Muneharu
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Mg—Sc—Zr (Aluminum—Magnesium—Scandium—Zirconium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Sb—Y (Aluminum—Antimony—Yttrium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Gadolinium Macroacyclic and Macrobicyclic Complexes
Authors: Leniec G. , Kaczmarek S. M. , Typek J. , Kolodziej B. , Grech E. , Schilf W.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acids as Substrates in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Rodriguez Nuria , Goossen Kaethe
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Reaction Promoted by Elimination of Carbon Monoxide or Hydrogen and the Related Reactions
Authors: Yonezawa Noriyuki
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside, Nucleotide and Oligonucleotide Based Amphiphiles: A Successful Marriage of Nucleic Acids with Lipids.
Authors: Gissot Arnaud , Camplo Michel , Grinstaff Mark W. , Barthelemy Philippe
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prodrugs of Phosphates and Phosphonates
Authors: Hecker Scott J. , Erion Mark D.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Novel Bent DNAs Containing Cyclic Uridylate Dimer Analogues
Authors: Murata Shunpei , Mizumura Yoko , Ichikawa Satoshi , Matsuda Akira
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: A Source of Inspiration for the Development of New, Phosphorus‐Centered Functional Groups
Authors: Lopin Chrystel , Garipova Goulnara , Kalinina Irina , Raboisson Pierre , Osaki Tomohisa , Gautier Arnaud , Balieu Sebastien , Salcedo Carmen , Gouhier Geraldine , Piettre Serge R.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Designs for DNA Bases: Expanded DNAs and Oligofluorosides
Authors: Kool Eric T. , Lu Haige , Kim Su Jeong , Tan Samuel , Wilson James N. , Gao Jianmin , Liu Haibo
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of RNA Including 5‐Taurinomethyluridine
Authors: Ogata Toshihiko , Wada Takeshi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐ or 3′‐O‐Heteroaryl Substituted Nucleic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Properties
Authors: Taguchi Haruhiko , Narita Takeshi , Seio Kohji , Sekine Mitsuo
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of DNA and Its Analogues by the Use of BH3 as a Protecting Group for Phosphonic Acid
Authors: Kawanaka Toshihide , Shimizu Mamoru , Saigo Kazuhiko , Wada Takeshi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modification from Nucleosides to Nucleic Acid Systems
Authors: Kim Byeang Hyean
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Using Cell Function
Authors: Sato Toshinori , Hatanaka Kenichi , Hashimoto Hironobu , Yamagata Tatsuya
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Transformation of Nitrogenous Compounds
Authors: Khan Mahmud Tareq Hassan , Ather Arjumand
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes Classified as Phytoalexins
Authors: Banerjee A. K. , Laya M. S. , Poon P. S.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Variational Transition State Theory in the Treatment of Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
Authors: Truhlar Donald G. , Garrett Bruce C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution at Glycosides
Authors: Horenstein Nicole A.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron Circular Dichroism in Chiral Molecules
Authors: Powis Ivan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
‘Naked‐eye’ enantioselective chemosensors for N‐protected amino acid anions bearing thiourea units
Authors: Qing Guangyan , Sun Taolei , Chen Zhihong , Yang Xi , Wu Xiaojun , He Yongbing
Published: June 2008

Four linear thiourea anion receptors (1–3) derived from simple amino acid have been synthesized and their bonding properties with various chiral N‐protected amino acid anions were examined by using UV–vis and fluorescence titration experiments. Receptors 1a, 2, and 3 exhibit excellent enantioselective recognition abilities towards N‐Boc‐protected alanine anion in the UV–vis spectra, obvious difference in the color of solution indicate that the enantiomers of N‐Boc‐alanine anion could be distinguished by naked eye directly. Receptor 1a is also found to carry out enantioselective fluorescent recognition of the N‐acetyl‐glutamate. 1H NMR experiments suggest that hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the host and guest is the main factor in the recognition process. Chirality, 2009 © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of cyclophosphamide enantiomers in plasma by LC‐MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetics in breast cancer and lupus nephritis patients
Authors: De Miranda Silva Carolina , Dumêt Fernandes Bruno Jose , Marques Pereira Maria Paula , Da Silva Lucienir Maria , Donadi Eduardo Antônio , Do Carmo Silva Matthes Ângelo , Moreira De Andrade Jurandyr , Lanchote Vera Lucia
Published: June 2008

This article describes the enantioselective analysis of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in human plasma using LC‐MS/MS. CPA enantiomers were extracted from plasma using a mixture of ethyl acetate and chloroform (75:25, v/v). The enantiomers were separated on a Chiralcel® OD‐R column, with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile and water (75:25, v/v) plus 0.2% formic acid. The protonated ions and their respective product ions were monitored using two functions, 261 > 141 for CPA enantiomers and 189 > 104 for the internal standard (antipyrine). Recovery rates were higher than 95% and the quantification limit was 2.5‐ng/ml plasma for both enantiomers. The coefficients of variation and the relative errors obtained for the validation of intra‐ and interassay precision and accuracy were less than 10%. The method was applied for the investigation of the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of CPA in a lupus nephritis patient treated with 1 g CPA infused over 2 h and in a breast cancer patient treated with 0.9 g infused over 1 h. No stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetic parameters was observed for either patient. Clearance values of 2.63 and 2.93 l/h and of 3.36 and 3.61 l/h for (−)‐(S) and (+)‐(R)‐CPA were obtained for the breast cancer and lupus nephritis patient, respectively. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by efficient and recyclable silica‐supported proline‐based peptides
Authors: Yan Jincan , Wang Lei
Published: June 2008

A series of silica‐supported proline‐based peptides were synthesized and applied as catalysts for direct asymmetric intermolecular aldol reactions. Among these, a peptide with two L‐proline units was found to be the most efficient one for the asymmetric aldol reactions between acetone and aromatic aldehydes. The reactions generated the corresponding products with satisfactory isolated yields (up to 97%) and enantiomeric excesses (up to 96%) in the presence of this catalyst (5 mol %). Furthermore, the silica‐supported organocatalyst could be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and used for five consecutive trials without loss of its reactivity. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On models of fractal networks
Authors: Arrighetti Walter , De Cupis Peter , Gerosa Giorgio
Published: June 2008

A couple of iterative models for the theoretical study of fractal networks whose topologies are generated via iterated function systems is presented: a lumped‐parameter impedor‐oriented one and a two‐port‐network‐oriented one. With the former, the voltage and current patterns give a detailed understanding of the electromagnetic fields' self‐similar distribution throughout the network; on the other hand, model complexity exponentially increases with the prefractal iteration order. The latter ‘black‐box’ model only controls port‐oriented global parameters that are the ones commonly used in the integration of different electronic systems, and its complexity is independent of prefractal order. Sierpinski gasket and carpet topologies are reported as examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mixed‐mode KHN‐biquad using DVCC and grounded passive elements suitable for direct cascading
Authors: Minaei Shahram , Ibrahim Muhammed A.
Published: June 2008

In this paper a mixed‐mode (input and output signals can be current or voltage) Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) biquad with low/high input impedance and high/low output impedance depending on the type of the corresponding signal (current/voltage) is presented. The circuit is constructed using three differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors. The circuit simultaneously provides bandpass (BP), highpass (HP) and lowpass (LP) responses when the output is current and notch, BP and LP responses when the output is voltage. The notch and allpass responses can be obtained by connecting appropriate output currents directly without using additional active elements. Because of the low input and high output impedance of the circuit for current signals and the high input and low output impedance for voltage signals, it can be used in cascade for realizing higher‐order filters. SPICE simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design considerations of an SEPIC PFC converter for driving multiple lighting LED lamps
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Cheng Shih‐Jen
Published: June 2008

This paper presents a single‐ended primary inductance power‐factor‐correction converter (SEPIC PFC) for driving multiple lighting LED lamps. With the aid of this converter, high power factor and high efficiency can be achieved by a simple single‐stage circuit with low device stress features. A burst‐mode dimming method is used to regulate the current and brightness of multiple LED lamps. A laboratory prototype is also built and tested. With the prototype, high power factor can remain under universal input voltage operation and individual lamp brightness control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Misexpression ofSix2is associated with heritable frontonasal dysplasia and renal hypoplasia in 3H1Brmice
Authors: Fogelgren Ben , Kuroyama Mari C. , McBratney‐Owen Brandeis , Spence Allyson A. , Malahn Laura E. , Anawati Mireille K. , Cabatbat Chantelle , Alarcon Vernadeth B. , Marikawa Yusuke , Lozanoff Scott
Published: June 2008

A radiation‐induced mouse mutant,Brachyrrhine(Br), exhibits frontonasal dysplasia and renal hypoplasia, two malformations associated with deficiencies in mesenchymal condensation. The purpose of this study was to resolve theBrlocus, evaluate possible candidate genes, and identify developmental defects in the mutant chondrocranium. Linkage analysis mapped theBrmutation to a critical region distal to D17Mit76, which contains only one gene, the transcription factorSix2. Sequence analysis of theSix2gene, including 1.5 kb of the promoter, failed to reveal theBrmutation. However, homozygousBr/Brembryos showed almost complete absence ofSix2mRNA and protein in craniofacial and renal tissues while heterozygousBr/+ embryos displayed intermediateSix2levels. Mutant embryos displayed malformations of neural crest‐derived structures of the anterior cranium whereSix2is normally expressed. These data suggest a mutation in a novelcis‐acting regulatory region inhibitsSix2expression and is associated with frontonasal dysplasia and renal hypoplasia. Developmental Dynamics 237:1767–1779, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic muscle development in Sepia officinalis (cephalopoda ‐ mollusca): A new role for NK4
Authors: Navet Sandra , Bassaglia Yann , Baratte Sébastien , Martin Madeleine , Bonnaud Laure
Published: June 2008

Cephalopods are emerging as new developmental models. These lophotrochozoans exhibit numerous morphological peculiarities among molluscs, not only regarding their nervous system but also regarding their circulatory system, which is closed and includes three hearts. However, the molecular control of cardiac myogenesis in lophotrochozoans is largely unknown. In other groups, cardiac development depends on numerous different genes, among them NK4 seems to have a well‐conserved function throughout evolution. In this study, we assessed the expression pattern of SoNK4, the Sepia officinalis NK4 homologue, during Sepia officinalis development by whole‐mount in situ hybridization. SoNK4 expression begins before morphogenesis, is not restricted to prospective cardiac muscles but above all concerns mesodermal structures potentially rich in muscles such as arms and mantle. These results suggest an important role of SoNK4 in locomotory (somatic) muscles development of Sepia officinalis, and thus a new role for NK4. Developmental Dynamics 237:1944–1951, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of family functioning in carers of individuals with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dimitropoulos Gina , Carter Jacqueline , Schachter Reva , Woodside D. Blake
Published: June 2008

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to determine influences on caregiver distress and family functioning in AN using the stress process model.

Method:

Using a cross‐sectional design, self‐report measures were disseminated to 63 family members of inpatients with long‐term AN. Outcome measures included the Family Assessment Device and the General Health Questionnaire.

Results:

Multiple regression analysis of family functioning resulted in a model predicting 38% of the variance. Burden, conflict regarding AN and the caregiving role, attitudes and actions of other family members toward the person with AN, family stigma, and social support were predictive of family functioning. In contrast, caregiver psychological distress was poorly predicted by the independent variables, with only 11% of the variance explained.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate the utility of the stress process model for predicting family functioning in this population, and suggest potential targets of intervention for clinicians working with caregivers. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Int J Eat Disord 2008
Early response to treatment in adolescent bulimia nervosa
Authors: le Grange Daniel , Doyle Peter , Crosby Ross D. , Chen Eunice
Published: June 2008

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine if early response predicted remission at the end of a controlled trial.

Method:

Eighty adolescents with bulimia nervosa participated in an RCT comparing family‐based treatment and individual supportive psychotherapy. Response to treatment was assessed via self‐report of bingeing and purging. Remission was defined as abstinence from bingeing and purging for the last 28 days and measured by investigator‐based interview, that is, the Eating Disorder Examination.

Results:

Receiver‐operating characteristic analyses showed that, regardless of treatment, symptom reduction at session six predicted remission at posttreatment (AUC = 0.814 (p < .001)) and 6‐month follow‐up (AUC = 0.811 (p < .001)).

Conclusion:

Results suggest that adolescents with BN who do not show early reductions in bulimic symptoms are unlikely to remit at posttreatment or follow‐up. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Self‐criticism is a key predictor of eating disorder dimensions among inpatient adolescent females
Authors: Fennig Silvana , Hadas Arie , Itzhaky Liat , Roe David , Apter Alan , Shahar Golan
Published: June 2008

Objective:

Although the unipolar depression‐eating disorder comorbidity is adequately documented, examination of the role of depressive personality styles in eating disorders is relatively scarce.

Method:

Associations between depressive symptoms, depressive risk and resilience (i.e., dependency, self‐criticism, and sense of efficacy), and eating disorder symptoms (as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2) were examinedin inpatient adolescent females (N = 81).

Results:

Self‐criticism emerged as independent, robust, and strong predictor of eating disorder symptoms.

Conclusion:

Patients self‐criticism should be targeted in psychotherapy and might serve as an obstacle for successful inpatient treatment. The role of self‐derogation in eating disorders should be examined further. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Decrease in early right alpha band phase synchronization and late gamma band oscillations in processing syntax in music
Authors: Ruiz María Herrojo , Koelsch Stefan , Bhattacharya Joydeep
Published: June 2008

The present study investigated the neural correlates associated with the processing of music‐syntactical irregularities as compared with regular syntactic structures in music. Previous studies reported an early (∼200 ms) right anterior negative component (ERAN) by traditional event‐related‐potential analysis during music‐syntactical irregularities, yet little is known about the underlying oscillatory and synchronization properties of brain responses which are supposed to play a crucial role in general cognition including music perception. First we showed that the ERAN was primarily represented by low frequency (<8 Hz) brain oscillations. Further, we found that music‐syntactical irregularities as compared with music‐syntactical regularities, were associated with (i) an early decrease in the alpha band (9–10 Hz) phase synchronization between right fronto‐central and left temporal brain regions, and (ii) a late (∼500 ms) decrease in gamma band (38–50 Hz) oscillations over fronto‐central brain regions. These results indicate a weaker degree of long‐range integration when the musical expectancy is violated. In summary, our results reveal neural mechanisms of music‐syntactic processing that operate at different levels of cortical integration, ranging from early decrease in long‐range alpha phase synchronization to late local gamma oscillations. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of carboxypeptidase E leads to adult hippocampal neuronal degeneration and memory deficits
Authors: Woronowicz Alicja , Koshimizu Hisatsugu , Chang Su‐Youne , Cawley Niamh X. , Hill Joanna M. , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Abebe Daniel , Dorfman Caroline , Senatorov Vladimir , Zhou An , Xiong Zhi‐Gang , Wetsel William C. , Loh Y. Peng
Published: June 2008

Molecules that govern the formation, integrity, and function of the hippocampus remain an important area of investigation. Here we show that absence of the proneuropeptide processing enzyme, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) in CPE knock‐out (KO) mice had a profound effect on memory, synaptic physiology, and the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus in these animals. Adult CPE‐KO mice displayed deficits in memory consolidation as revealed by the water‐maze, object preference, and social transmission of food preference tests. These mice also showed no evoked long‐term potentiation. Additionally, CPE‐KO mice at 4 weeks of age and older, but not at 3 weeks of age, exhibited marked degeneration specifically of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region which normally expresses high levels of CPE. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neuronal marker, NeuN, was reduced, while the glial marker, GFAP, was increased, characteristic of gliosis in the CA3 area of CPE‐KO mice. Calbindin staining indicated early termination of the mossy fibers before reaching the CA1 region in these mice. Thus, absence of CPE leads to degeneration of the CA3 neurons and perturbation of the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus. Ex vivo studies showed that overexpression of CPE in cultured hippocampal neurons protected them against H2O2 oxidative‐stress induced cell death. These findings taken together indicate that CPE is essential for the survival of adult hippocampal CA3 neurons to maintain normal cognitive function. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies using hemispherical photography or linear regression
Authors: Essery Richard , Pomeroy John , Ellis Chad , Link Tim
Published: June 2008

Forest canopies reduce shortwave radiation and increase longwave radiation reaching the underlying surface, compared with open areas, and thus influence rates at which forest snowpacks melt. The sub‐canopy radiative environment can be highly heterogeneous, with temporal persistence depending on canopy structure and differing for shortwave and longwave fluxes, and this influences the rate at which snow‐free ground emerges during snowmelt. Arrays of radiometers have been used to measure spatial variability in forest radiation, but such instruments are expensive and require regular attention in snowy environments. Hemispherical photography allows rapid collection of canopy structure data, and many software packages have been developed for modelling transmission of shortwave radiation using hemispherical photographs, but modelling of longwave radiation has received much less attention. Results are used here from radiometers located beneath lodgepole pine stands of varying density at the Marmot Creek Research Basin in Alberta, Canada. A simple model using sky view calculated from hemispherical photographs to weight longwave emissions from the canopy, calculated using measured air temperature as a proxy for canopy temperature, and measured above‐canopy longwave radiation is found to give good estimates for spatial averages of sub‐canopy longwave radiation, although standard deviations are generally underestimated. If above‐canopy longwave radiation is parametrized as a function of air temperature and humidity rather than measured, good results are still obtained for daily and longer averages of sub‐canopy longwave radiation. A multiple linear regression model using measurements of above‐canopy shortwave radiation to estimate daytime canopy heating gives better results in comparison with individual radiometers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micropatterned surfaces with controlled ligand tethering
Authors: Petrie Timothy A. , Stanley Brandon T. , García Andrés J.
Published: June 2008

Microcontact printing (μ‐CP) is a facile, cost‐effective, and versatile soft‐lithography technique to create two‐dimensional patterns of domains with distinct functionalities that provides a robust platform to generate micropatterned biotechnological arrays and cell culture substrates. Current μ‐CP approaches rely on nonspecific immobilization of biological ligands, either by direct printing or adsorption from solution, onto micropatterned domains surrounded by a nonfouling background. This technique is limited by insufficient control over ligand density. We present a modified μ‐CP protocol involving stamping mixed ratios of carboxyl‐ and tri(ethylene glycol)‐terminated alkanethiols that provides for precise covalent tethering of single or multiple ligands to prescribed micropatterns via standard peptide chemistry. Processing parameters were optimized to identify conditions that control relevant endpoint pattern characteristics. This technique provides a facile method to generate micropatterned arrays with tailorable and controlled presentation of biological ligands for biotechnological applications and analyses of cell–material interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Genome‐wide expression analysis of cells expressing gain of function mutant D374Y‐PCSK9
Authors: Ranheim Trine , Mattingsdal Morten , Lindvall Jessica M. , Holla Øystein L. , Berge Knut Erik , Kulseth Mari Ann , Leren Trond P.
Published: June 2008

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum cholesterol. The possibility that PCSK9 also functions in other pathways needs to be addressed. We have transfected HepG2 cells with mutant D374Y‐PCSK9 or control vector. Gene expression signatures were determined using the Affymetrix GeneChip technology, and the expression pattern of selected genes was confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Data was normalized and analyzed using a model‐based background adjustment for oligonucleotide expression arrays, then filtered based upon expression within treatments group, and subjected to moderated t‐statistics. Five hundred twenty transcripts had altered expression levels between D374Y‐PCSK9 and control vector. Among the 520 probes on our top list, 312 were found to have an assigned Gene Ontology (GO) term, and 96 were found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Genome‐wide expression profiling revealed that “steroid biosynthesis,” “sterol metabolism,” and “cholesterol biosynthsis” were affected by D374Y‐PCSK9. Also, the GO biological process terms “response to stresss,” “response to virus,” “response to unfolded protein,” and “immune response” were influenced by D374Y‐PCSK9. Our results suggest that D374Y‐PCSK9 results in up‐regulation of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and down‐regulation of stress‐response genes and specific inflammation pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 459–467, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Horned lizards (Phrynosoma) incapacitate dangerous ant prey with mucus
Authors: Sherbrooke Wade C. , Schwenk Kurt
Published: June 2008

Horned lizards (Iguanidae, Phrynosomatinae, Phrynosoma) are morphologically specialized reptiles characterized by squat, tank‐like bodies, short limbs, blunt snouts, spines and cranial horns, among other traits. They are unusual among lizards in the degree to which they specialize on a diet of ants, but exceptional in the number of pugnacious, highly venomous, stinging ants they consume, especially harvester ants (genus Pogonomyrmex). Like other iguanian lizards, they capture insect prey on the tongue, but unlike other lizards, they neither bite nor chew dangerous prey before swallowing. Instead, they employ a unique kinematic pattern in which prey capture, transport and swallowing are combined into a single feeding stage, apparently leaving the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach vulnerable to bites and stings. Nevertheless, horned lizards consume dozens of harvester ants without harm. We show that their derived feeding kinematics are associated with unique, mucus‐secreting pharyngeal papillae that apparently serve to immobilize and incapacitate dangerous ants as they are swallowed by compacting them and binding them in mucus strands. Radially branched esophageal folds provide additional mucus‐secreting surfaces the ants pass through as they are swallowed. Ants extracted from fresh‐killed horned lizard stomachs are curled ventrally into balls and bound in mucus. We conclude that the pharyngeal papillae, in association with a unique form of hyolingual prey transport and swallowing, are horned lizard adaptations related to a diet of dangerous prey. Harvester ant defensive weapons, along with horned lizard adaptations against such weapons, suggest a long‐term, predator–prey, co‐evolutionary arms race between Phrynosoma and Pogonomyrmex. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:447–459, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing severity of status asthmaticus in an urban medical intensive care unit
Authors: Elsayegh Dany , Saito Shigeki , Eden Edward , Shapiro Janet
Published: June 2008

BACKGROUND:

Life‐threatening status asthmaticus (SA) requiring intensive care is a major concern given the rising prevalence of asthma. We examined episodes of SA requiring admission to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of an urban hospital center.

METHODOLOGY:

The charts of patients admitted to the MICU of an urban hospital center with a diagnosis of SA during the 5‐year period 2002–2006 were reviewed retrospectively. These results were compared with those of a previously published experience at our institution from 1995 to 1999.

RESULTS:

The medical records of 84 MICU admissions for SA were reviewed. There were 61 women (5 pregnant). The mean age was 44 years. Use of cigarettes or illicit drugs was found in 51% and 30%, respectively. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was required in 76% of admissions. Noninvasive ventilation was used in 10 patients. Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) was needed in 9% of admissions. The highest average PaCO2 during the first 24 hours was 67 mm Hg. Median duration of MV was 4.4 days. Six patients died, 3 of whom sustained prehospital cardiac arrest. Compared with the patients in the preceding 5‐year period, the more recent patients had greater use of illicit drug and cigarettes. Patients presented with more severe asthma, as reflected by a higher PaCO2 and an increased duration of MV.

CONCLUSIONS:

During the recent 5‐year period, we found a trend toward increasing severity of SA, as indicated by the degree of respiratory acidosis, need for NMB, and longer duration of MV. Access to medical care and cigarette and illicit drug use remain potential targets of primary intervention. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:206–211. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Management of parapneumonic effusions in pediatrics: Current practice
Authors: McBride Sarah C.
Published: June 2008

Pneumonia with associated complex pleural disease is a cause of significant morbidity among hospitalized children. The management of this patient population continues to be a challenge and varies even among single institutions. The article presented here reviews the management goals for pediatric patients hospitalized with complex parapneumonic effusions and provides updated summaries of both medical and surgical therapies. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:263–270. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Factors influencing the steroid profile in doping control analysis
Authors: Mareck Ute , Geyer Hans , Opfermann Georg , Thevis Mario , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: June 2008

Steroid profiling is one of the most versatile and informative screening tools for the detection of steroid abuse in sports drug testing. Concentrations and ratios of various endogenously produced steroidal hormones, their precursors and metabolites including testosterone (T), epitestosterone (E), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androsterone (And), etiocholanolone (Etio), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (Adiol), and 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (Bdiol) as well as androstenedione, 6α‐OH‐androstenedione, 5β‐androstane‐3α,17α‐diol (17‐epi‐Bdiol), 5α‐androstane‐3α,17α‐diol (17‐epi‐Adiol), 3α,5‐cyclo‐5α‐androstan‐6ß‐ol‐17‐one (3α,5‐cyclo), 5α‐androstanedione (Adion), and 5β‐androstanedione (Bdion) add up to a steroid profile that is highly sensitive to applications of endogenous as well as synthetic anabolic steroids, masking agents, and bacterial activity. Hence, the knowledge of factors that do influence the steroid profile pattern is a central aspect, and pharmaceutical (application of endogenous steroids and various pharmaceutical preparations), technical (hydrolysis, derivatization, matrix), and biological (bacterial activities, enzyme side activities) issues are reviewed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resorbable Scaffolds from Three Different Techniques: Electrospun Fabrics, Salt‐Leaching Porous Films, and Smooth Flat Surfaces
Authors: Finne‐Wistrand Anna , Albertsson Ann‐Christine , Kwon Oh Hyeong , Kawazoe Naoki , Chen Guoping , Kang Inn‐Kyu , Hasuda Hirokazu , Gong Jiansheng , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: June 2008

Nanofibrous scaffolds of poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one)] generated by electrospinning have been compared with porous films obtained by solvent cast/salt leaching and homogeneous films. A comparison between the fibrous materials and the homogeneous solvent‐cast films revealed that the surface of the nanofibers was more hydrophobic and that the nanofibers were degraded more rapidly in the presence of proteinase. It was obvious that the strain‐to‐break was reduced by the nanofiber formation, it decreased from 370% to 130% independent of fiber diameter. These values were however considerably higher than the strain‐to‐break of the solvent‐cast/salt leaching scaffold. In addition, the nanofibrous material accelerated the adhesion and growth of the mesenchymal stem cell compared to the smooth material.

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