bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGHIÊN CỨU SẢN XUẤT CHẾ PHẨM Aspergillus oryzae KZ3 KẾT HỢP Aspergillus awamori HK1 CÓ KHẢ NĂNG SINH PROTEASE CAO TRÊN MÔI TRƯỜNG BÁN RẮN (NGÔ MẢNH – BỘT MỲ)
Authors: Hương Dương Thị , Trang Nguyễn Hiền
Published: November 2018

Nghiên cứu này nhằm khảo sát ảnh hưởng của một số yếu tố đến quá trình sản xuất chế phẩm Aspergillus oryzae KZ3 kết hợp Aspergillus awamori HK1 sinh protease cao trên môi trường bán rắn (ngô mảnh – bột mỳ). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, hoạt độ protease và mật độ tế bào thu được cao nhất lần lượt là 1976,3 (UI/g chất khô) và 8,608 (logtb/g) trên môi trường bán rắn 70% ngô mảnh: 30% bột mỳ; độ ẩm ban đầu của cơ chất thích hợp cho quá trình sinh tổng hợp protease của chủng là 55%; tỷ lệ sinh khối nấm mốc A. oryzae KZ3: A. awamori HK1 là 0,3: 0,1% (so với khối lượng môi trường) với mật độ tế bào lần lượt là 3×106 và 1×106 sau thời gian nuôi cấy 3 ngày. Chế phẩm được sấy ở 400C trong vòng 6 giờ và được bao gói trước khi bảo quản. Đã đề xuất được quy trình sản xuất chế phẩm A. oryzae KZ3 kết hợp A. awamori HK1 trên môi trường bán rắn (ngô mảnh – bột mỳ).
An integrative machine learning approach for prediction of toxicity-related drug safety
Authors: Lysenko Artem , Sharma Alok , Boroevich Keith A , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko
Published: November 2018

Recent trends in drug development have been marked by diminishing returns caused by the escalating costs and falling rates of new drug approval. Unacceptable drug toxicity is a substantial cause of drug failure during clinical trials and the leading cause of drug withdraws after release to the market. Computational methods capable of predicting these failures can reduce the waste of resources and time devoted to the investigation of compounds that ultimately fail. We propose an original machine learning method that leverages identity of drug targets and off-targets, functional impact score computed from Gene Ontology annotations, and biological network data to predict drug toxicity. We demonstrate that our method (TargeTox) can distinguish potentially idiosyncratically toxic drugs from safe drugs and is also suitable for speculative evaluation of different target sets to support the design of optimal low-toxicity combinations.
Enerji ve Güvenlik Ekseninde Türkiye-Irak İlişkileri (1990-2018)
Authors: DEMİRYOL Tolga , PEKŞEN Hasan Deniz
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmada Türkiye-Irak
ilişkilerinde enerji ve güvenlik unsurlarının rolü tarihsel ve karşılaştırmalı
olarak ele alınmıştır. İki ülke arasında son dönemde güçlenen enerji merkezli
karşılıklı bağımlılık olgusundan hareketle enerjide ortaklaşan çıkarların
siyasi ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi sorgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, enerjinin
siyasal etkisinin çözümlenmesinde aktörlerin iç politika dinamiklerinin,
karşılıklı tehdit algılarının ve bölgesel jeopolitik değişkenlerin rolü
incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel savı, Türkiye-Irak ilişkilerinde enerji
unsurunun artan görünürlüğüne rağmen, enerji işbirliğinin ve projelerinin esasen
siyasal ve jeopolitik gerekliliklerce şekillenen güvenlik politikalarının
yürütülmesinde bir araç ve kolaylaştırıcı rolü gördüğüdür.
Türk Dış Politikasında Karar Alıcıların Ortadoğu Algısı: 1957-1958 Krizleri
Authors: Danış Mehmet Fahri
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışma, en temelde Demokrat
Parti iktidarının son dönemlerinde vuku bulan ve Soğuk Savaş kaynaklı iki kriz
olarak 1957 Suriye ve 1958 Irak olayları üzerinden, Menderes ve dış politikada
söz sahibi diğer Demokrat Partililerin Orta Doğu algısını ortaya koymayı
hedeflemektedir. 1950 yılında başlayan Demokrat Parti iktidarı döneminde, dış
politikada kurucu iktidarın takip ettiği esasların büyük bir kısmı devam
ettirilmiş fakat bazı açılımlar vasıtasıyla daha aktif bir diplomasi yürütülmeye
çalışılmıştır. Henüz iktidarının başında NATO üyeliğini dış politikanın esas
hedefi haline getiren Menderes, söz konusu üyeliğin gerçekleşmesinin ardından
Orta Doğu'daki rejimlerle işbirliğine giderek Batı güvenlik şemsiyesinin
altında nüfuz alanını güçlendirmeye çalışmıştır. 1957'de Suriye'de, 1958'de ise
Irak'ta yaşanan iktidar değişiklikleri sonrasında Türkiye, her iki ülkeyle de
askeri çatışma ihtimali de masada olmak üzere ciddi krizler yaşamış fakat iki
olayda da gerilim, ABD'nin girişimiyle düşürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada söylem
analizi aracılığıyla Demokrat Parti karar alıcılarının Orta Doğu’ya dönük
algılamaları incelenecek ve bunun 1950’lerin ikinci yarısında Türk dış
politikasına yansımaları çözümlenecektir.
Framing a Presidential Foreign Policy in a Parliamentary System: Erdoğan and Mukhtars’ Meetings
Authors: ÜLGÜL Murat
Published: November 2018

During the period between his election as the
Turkish president in August 2014 and the constitutional referendum that
introduced a presidential system in Turkey in April 2017, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
tried to demonstrate that he would not be a symbolic political figure in
Turkish politics as many former Turkish presidents had been. Instead, he would
keep shaping the domestic and foreign agenda of the country, as it would happen
in a presidential system. One of the main ways he did this was through a series
of mukhtars’ meetings, which began in January 2015. From that point, until the
desired changes to the constitution were approved through public referendum,
Erdoğan held thirty-seven mukhtars’ meetings. In these meetings he gave
speeches about Turkish domestic and foreign policy directly to a group of
mukhtars but, more importantly, indirectly to the Turkish public and foreign
actors. This article will analyze Erdoğan’s foreign policy messages through his
discourse in the mukhtars’ meetings and try to answer two controversial
questions regarding his foreign policy ideology: Whether he is an Islamist and
whether he is shifting the foreign policy axis of Turkey.
A Educação Ambiental Crítica na formação inicial de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas: contribuições e limitações
Authors: Mendes Carolina Borghi , Spazziani Maria de Lourdes
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar dados e reflexões sobre uma disciplina de Educação Ambiental (EA), pautada na vertente crítica, desenvolvida num curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, a partir de uma atividade desenvolvida pelos licenciandos e sua relação com as aulas. Pauta-se no Materialismo Histórico-Dialético enquanto fundamento teórico-metodológico e caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa de intervenção educativa, em que a docente é também pesquisadora. Notou-se que a EA Crítica enquanto perspectiva teórica e metodológica da disciplina contribuiu com formação inicial dos professores/educadores ambientais, ainda que tenham existido limitadores objetivos nesse processo educativo, revelando a estreita relação entre o contexto educacional e as relações sociais mais amplas, apontando-se para a necessidade de repensar, continuamente, o ensino superior.
Planejamento dialógico: como construir o projeto político-pedagógico da escola
Authors: Stürmer Arthur Breno
Published: November 2018

O planejamento educacional na perspectiva da escola cidadã é chamado de planejamento dialógico. Paulo Roberto Padilha o apresenta utilizando-se de conceitos freirianos, metodologias oriundas de estudos do Instituto Paulo Freire e experiências com a Escola Cidadã em três capitais brasileiras. Concentra-se em explicar o planejamento socializado ascendente, que guia o autor enquanto procura aliar compromisso político com competência técnica. Ao final estende tal planejamento ao nível da sala de aula, momento em que propõe pensar o espaço da sala de aula como círculo de cultura destinado à construção permanente do projeto político-pedagógico da escola.
O quê e a quem se quer ensinar: análise das propostas pedagógicas, missões e valores das escolas com os melhores resultados no ENEM
Authors: Pacheco Marcos da Silva , Moreno Thamiris Monteiro , Pacheco Paula Mello
Published: November 2018

No atual cenário competitivo e capitalista, certas escolas vêm moldando sua forma de educar numa lógica capitalista de produção de capital humano cujo resultado buscado é a boa colocação no ENEM tido como sinônimo de sucesso. Dessa forma, o processo de construção do estudante acaba sendo baseado neste exame perdendo dimensão plural que a escola precisa ter na busca de qualidade. Este estudo analisou como o ENEM influencia as propostas pedagógicas, missões e valores presentes nos sítios na internet das 30 escolas mais bem colocadas nos últimos três anos, bem como elementos gráficos e textuais presentes nestes materiais de divulgação. Foi possível observar que a maioria das escolas apresentaram uma concepção mercantilista da educação, preocupadas em vender resultados como sinônimos de uma educação eficiente. Questões como a valorização de senso crítico e éticos pouco apareceram neste material, ao contrário, fora observada a valorização de uma educação conteudista e mercantilista, visando a competição como finalidade principal mesmo afirmando apostar na cidadania.
Wellbeing and Public Policy
Authors: Weijers Dan , Morrison Phillip S.
Published: November 2018

Delegates left the Third International Conference on Wellbeing and Public Policy with great expectations following three days of inspirational addresses by some of the world’s most prominent thinkers and policymakers. In this article we ask: what is required for a wellbeing approach to public expenditure to be successfully implemented and sustained? The wellbeing approach arose out of concerns about whether the current suite of measures used by policymakers provides sufficient information on the full range of contributors to or components of the good life. Sometimes divided on what wellbeing is and how to measure it, proponents of the wellbeing approach agree that the ultimate goal of public policy should be to improve wellbeing for all citizens. In order for this wellbeing approach to be successful, we believe it must address three main challenges: measurement, representation and engagement. We must be clear about how wellbeing will be measured, whose wellbeing we will assess, and the extent to which all New Zealanders are represented in the conversations that will determine the first two issues.
"Can I see your social license please?"
Authors: Jenkins Kevin
Published: November 2018

The concept of a ‘social licence to operate’ has become ubiquitous in recent years, but there is no agreed definition, and its meaning continues to mutate as it spreads to ever more domains. The concept was first floated by a mining company executive after a disaster at a mine in the Philippines in 1995, and it spread exponentially. A small but growing body of academic research and commentary is bringing some rigour, but is not keeping pace with its rate of mutation. The narrative around the term is now more valuable than the term itself, which should be retired.
Paid parental leave for 26 weeks
Authors: Morrissey Suzy
Published: November 2018

This article examines the paid parental leave policy in New Zealand. It considers the various design elements of the policy and, in particular, the payment rate. Although the policy ostensibly provides wage replacement, paid parental leave is subject to a cap of approximately the minimum wage. This creates financial pressure for those previously earning a higher amount and may restrict its use by the higher earner in a two-parent family. The article highlights how the rate of payment compares poorly both internationally and against a local example of support for another temporary absence from employment (ACC).
Land-use and rural inequality profiles in the province of Barcelona in mid-nineteenth century
Authors: Tello Enric , Badia-Miró Marc ,   Universitat de Barcelona,   Universitat de Barcelona
Published: November 2018

The long-term impact on income inequality of agricultural commercial specialization is still an open-ended discussion. Diverse economic models and approaches offer competing views, while historians increasingly stress the contingent nature of the paths followed in the various contexts. Applying common inequality indices like the Theil index along with new ones such as the inequality possible frontier (IPF) and Inequality Extraction Ratios (IER), this study examines how winegrowing specialization in Catalonia correlated with agr icultural income distribution in the municipalities of the province of Barcelona during the mid-nineteenth century. This analysis examines a large dataset assembled from over 86,000 cadastral taxpayers in 292 municipalities and recorded in the Distribution of Personal Wealth in Real Estate Ownership of the province of Barcelona in 1852, combined with other population and land use data listed in the Estadística ter ritor ial de la provincia de Barcelona (Land Use Statistics of the Province of Barcelona), compiled in 1858. The results confirm that inequality in agricultural income distribution was lower in predominantly winegrowing municipalities than in timber and cereal-growing ones, despite the fact that commercial specialization and higher population densities could have extended the inequality possible frontier of those wineg rowing areas in the mid-nineteenth century.
Der Briefwechsel mit G. W. Leibniz von 1715/16
Authors: Clarke Samuel
Published: November 2018

Der Briefwechsel des Newtonianers Samuel Clark (1675-1729) mit G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) entfaltet eine umfassende Gegenüberstellung der realistischen Naturphilosophie Newtons und des rationalistischen Systemdenkens Leibnizens, wie sie in dieser Pointiertheit nirgends sonst zu finden ist. Die kontroverse Debatte, ein wichtiges Dokument der Auseinandersetzung Newtons mit Leibniz, wird hier erstmals auf der Grundlage der Clarkeschen Originalausgabe von 1717 in deutscher Übersetzung vorgelegt.
‘I Fight Anyone Who Doesn’t Act as a Communist Should...’ Letter of F. A. Zemit to N.N. Krestinsky on Financial Work in Siberia. January 5, 1920.
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, Omsk, Russian Federation, Petin Dmitrii I.
Published: November 2018

The article offers a source study of the letter of the head of the Financial Department at the Siberian Revolutionary Committee F. A. Zemit to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR N. N. Krestinsky. Its text analysis clears up the issue of creation of Soviet regional governing bodies in the financial–economical sphere in Siberia at the final stage of the Civil War. The published source allows to outline major impediment to restoration of the Soviet finance system in Siberia after the Civil War: shortage of financial workers, their low professional qualifications, lack of regulatory documentation for organizing activities, etc. Key methods used in the study are biographical and problematic/chronological. Biographical method allows to interpret the document and to link it with professional activities of F. A. Zemit in Omsk. The problematic/chronological method allows to trace the developments in regional finance and to understand their causes by placing them into historical framework. The letter was written by F. A. Zemit in early January 1920 – at a most difficult time in his career in Siberia. The author considers this ego-document unique and revealing in its way. On the one hand, it is an official appeal of an inferior financial manager to the head of the People's Commissariat of Finance; its content is practical and no-nonsense. On the other hand, its style indicates a warm friendly and trusting relationship between the sender and the addressee; F. A. Zemit was, apparently, able to report personally to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR on the difficult situation in the region and to do so with great frankness. This publication may be of interest to scholars in history of Russian finance, Russia Civil War, Soviet society, and Siberia of the period.
Archival Heritage as an Instrument of Historical and Educational Activities in Modern Uzbekistan: The Main Trends of 2010-2018
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pivovar Efim I. , Gushchin Alexander V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Levchenkov Alexander S. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2018

The article studies the main ways of using archives as an instrument of popularization of historical and cultural heritage in modern Uzbekistan and assesses the prospects of the Russo-Uzbek archival communications. The history of archives formation and development in Uzbekistan counts many centuries, traditions of archival science in this country are among most ancient in Central Asia. Today the leading archives of Uzbekistan are working on introduction of latest information and communication technologies, sometimes in collaboration with foreign partners. Thus, the archival institutions of Uzbekistan are transforming from places of storages of documents into full-fledged scientific and educational centers that actively participate in promoting national historical and cultural heritage. The most important task that is currently being solved at the highest state level is to increase the level of coordination and systematization of archival materials usage in order to promote national historical and cultural heritage and to shape a modern concept of the genesis and development of the Uzbek state. Uzbekistan archival institutions and fonds are more and more used by its leaders to deal with important social and political challenges facing Uzbekistan (primarily related to achievement of social consensus, development of Uzbek statehood, cultural, and religious spheres). Naturally, the work in this direction is largely aimed at imbuing the population with stable ideas on features of historical development of Uzbekistan and views on international relations, intercultural dialogue, and interreligious interaction. An important task of Russia in this context is to widen cooperation with Uzbekistan in the archival sphere. Publications on the current state of Uzbek archives ignore the use of archival heritage for educational purposes and to solve most urgent social and political task of national development. Moreover, Russian historians and archivists do not receive the necessary information on significant trends in the archival development of Uzbekistan in 2010s; and yet it was a time when informatization proceeded and state interest in popularization of archival heritage grew. Similar methods of training archivists in the two countries should play an important role in the development of Russo-Uzbek cooperation in archiving.
Career of a Foreigner in the Russian Province of the First Quarter of the 19th Century: The Case of V. F. Blankengorn
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Tikhonova Anastasia V.
Published: November 2018

The article shows the procedure for reconstructing biography of a foreign specialist who worked in the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century. The author analyzes materials in ‘Mesyatseslov with a list of functionaries or the General staff of the Russian Empire ...’ for 1813—1825. It allows to follow the foreigner’s gradual movement up the career ladder, accompanied by reception of class ranks. Records of service (formularnye listy) within the studied time framework contain further biographical details. These important documents on the service of the provincial official are preserved in the fond of the gubernia board in a regional archive (in this case, the State Archives of the Smolensk Region). Since records of service mention that the foreigner was of Lutheran confession, the parish registers of the corresponding church have been studied. The discovery of the record of death of the subject allows to date his life. Thus, the career of a Berlin native V. F. Blankengorn, who served as uezd and later gubernia land surveyor in the Smolensk gubernia, has been reconstructed. In 1812 Blankengorn was made to stay in occupied Smolensk; later, when the city was liberated, he was acquitted, as he did not render assistance to the enemy army. In 1823-1831 the Smolensk gubernia formed a part of the General-governorship (with center in Vitebsk) alongside with the Vitebsk, Mogilev, and Kaluga gubernias. Thus, documents retated to Blankengorn’s being awarded his first Russian order in 1824 proceeded from the Chancellery of the Governor-General. In the studied period being awarded any order of the Russian Empire (regardless of its degree) opened a prospect of obtaining noble dignity. The article based on the study of the biography of V. F. Blankengorn, adjusts the dating of the ‘Atlas of the Smolensk Province.’ This 25-sheet manuscript executed by Blankengorn is now stored in the department of cartographic publications of the Russian State Library. In its digitized form, the Atlas is available on the official website of the Library. It includes the maps of all cities and uezds of the Smolensk gubernia and its general map. Precision and artistry of the manuscript suggest that it was created for Emperor Alexander I’s tour of the Smolensk gubernia in 1824.
A. S. Nikolaev in the Institute of Out-of-School Education and His ‘Museum of Archival Work’ Project
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Ananiev Vitaly G.
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the work Alexander S. Nikolaev (1877 – 1934) in the Petrograd Institute of Out-of-School Education in late 1910s – early 1920s. His teaching activities at the Institute and the place of archival issues in the program of its museum department have been studied on the basis of archival documents. The Institute initially focused on training of instructors and employees of cultural institutions, school teachers for adults and universities professors. The Institute had a museum section (department – faculty), on the basis of which several exemplary workshops for creating of manuals and their mastering were to be organized. That is the context in which A. S. Nikolaev’s projects of archival museum creation should be studied. One of such projects worked out by Nikolaev at that time has gone unnoticed until its publication in the Appendix. The connection of this project with the development level of museum affairs of the period is shown. Nikolaev's aspiration to show evolution of archiving and to follow fond formation stage by stage and his use of photographic and graphic materials are also noted. Moreover, it is the first assessment of the work of the Institute as one of the centers for teaching archiving in late 1910s – early 1920s.Training at the museum department of the Institute included a number of courses in both archiving and preservation of documentary monuments. This was due not only to the traditional proximity of archiving and museum work, but also to the circumstances of the first post-revolutionary years. Many museums (located in palaces and mansions of nobility) acquired valuable archival collections. They looked for an opportunity to use these in their scientific activities and exhibitions. The latter was due to the emphasis put on history of daily life and introduction of sociological method in museum work.
Sources on the Title Heraldry of the Tsardom of Muscovy of the 16th – the First Half of the 17th Century
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pchelov Evgeniy V.
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of sources containing information on the land heraldry of the Tsardom of Moscovy, which reflected territorial title of the Russian rulers. The historiography usually mentions 5–6 artefacts and pictorial sources with images of such coats of arms. In fact, the complex of these sources can be significantly expanded. The author has managed to collect information about ten artefacts, two visual and four written sources, which allow to follow the evolution of the title heraldry in pre-Petrine Russia starting from the 16th century. Furthermore, two seals descriptions containing information about land coats of arms remain unpublished. The analysis of sources leads to the following conclusions. The beginning of the Russian title heraldry dates back to the reign of Ivan the Terrible. It was probably connected with refining of his territorial titles after the Livonian War. The Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible (late 1570s) has a set of title seals with images, most of them quite simple. These emblems reflect mainly natural or economic features of specific lands. Some emblems are purely symbolic, some borrow directly from Western European heraldry. These title emblems (called seals prior to the 18th century) continued up to the Romanovs’ reign. For instance, the front of the seal of Ivan the Terrible became a source for title emblems reproduced on the armor of Pseudo-Demetrius I, which was made by Western European masters. They probably took their cue from an imprint of the front side of the seal sent with the order. Emblems from the reverse side of the seal were not reproduced on the armor. Under Mikhail Fyodorovich (apparently, in late 1620s) the complex of title emblems underwent its first significant transformation. Some emblems continued to the end of the 16th century, some were formed anew. The new system of title emblems translated into a description of seals made after the Moscow fire of 1626. This document is also yet unpublished. The reform of the title seals may have been associated with making of a new complex of royal regalia in late 1620s. The new seals appeared in the composition of the cover for tsar’s saadak (quiver), which, apparently, was made at the same time.
Archival Documents on the European Prisoners of World War I in the Semirechye Oblast of the Turkestan General Governorship: A Case Study
Authors:   Satbayev University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mendikulova Gulnara M. , Nadezhuk Yevgeniya A. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2018

The article uses the method of case study and draws on documents discovered by the authors in the fonds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (TsSA RK) to reconstruct the captivity in Semirechye of a party of prisoners of war from German and Austro-Hungarian armies. The purpose of this work is to study microhistory and history of the everyday life of the European prisoners of World War I in Kazakhstan: their welfare and economic conditions, social and ethno-confessional relations in their world, their interactions with local population, material evidence of their activity, which is still partially preserved in present-day Almaty. The authors have drawn on the following types of sources: archival documents and photographs from the fonds of the TsSA RK (some of them are introduced into scientific use for the first time); materials of periodicals of the studied period; statistical data, etc. Analysis of these sources allows to reconstruct the full picture of captivity of a group of European POWs in the Semirechye Oblast of the Turkestan General Governorship. The POWs participated in road laying and road repair in Verny and in the Pishpek uezd. Their living conditions, although comfortless, little differed from those of the local population. When at work, the POWs were provided with hot meals, which were even modified according to their national tastes. Medical services were elementary and fell almost completely to the POWs themselves. Their treatment by locals was ambiguous, but not hostile. There seemed to be no ideological tinting to their interactions with building authorities or locals. In the authors’ opinion, to reconstruct a more complete and detailed picture of interactions and mutual influences of different races, every one which had their own influence on the course of the Kazakhstan history, further research is necessary.
Altmetric Prevalence in the Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities: Where are the Online Discussions?
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: November 2018

The social sciences, arts and humanities all address issues of general interest that may generate broad societal impacts and public discussion. Although prior research suggests that this potential is not captured by altmetrics, it is not known whether this is true for all fields. In response, this article compares 35 social sciences, arts and humanities fields for 10 Altmetric.com scores (blogs, news, Twitter, Reddit, Facebook, Pinterest, Wikipedia, reviews, questions, Google Plus) for articles published in 2013. Excluding Twitter (maximum 41%), no field had more than 12% of its articles registering a non-zero score on any altmetric five years after publication. In some cases, fields with relatively high levels of attention were due to self-publicity or the activities of individuals rather than public discussion. There were substantial differences between fields, with Classics and Literature & Literary Theory being almost ignored and Archeology generating a relatively high level of attention on Facebook. Although journal articles are not central to many social sciences, arts and humanities fields, the apparently universally low levels of discussion about them online is surprising given their potential audience.
Editorial
Authors: Dias Claudia Mazza
Published: November 2018

Nesta Edição Especial da Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza – PECEN,
dedicada aos trabalhos apresentados durante o Encontro Regional de Matemática Aplicada e
Computacional – ERMAC 2017, ocorrido na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro –
UFRRJ, em novembro de 2017, sob a tutela da Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e
Computacional – SBMAC (Regional 6), destacam-se 4 trabalhos apresentados na sessão de
Contribuições Orais, de instituições e Programas de Pós-graduação distintos. Tratam-se de
problemas atuais, onde a Matemática e a Engenharia se unem na busca de soluções viáveis do
ponto de vista tecnológico e financeiro. Este tipo de abordagem vem de encontro aos objetivos
da PECEN, como revista eletrônica interdisciplinar, de livre acesso, voltada à publicação de
artigos inéditos e de qualidade em diversas áreas do conhecimento.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) LEARNING MODEL TO INCREASE LEARNING RESULTS WRITE POETRY ON GRADE 5 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Bahri Syaiful
Published: November 2018

The aim of research was to know the implementation of Think Talk Write Learning Model to increasing Indonesian  learning results on poetry writing subject in fifth class of elementary school. The method of this research was classroom action research that used two cycles. Every cycles were four phases, they are: (1) plan; (2) action; (3) observe; (4) Reflection. The subjects of research are the students of grade V of the State Elementary School of Batu Belah Timur I Lesson Year 2017/2018. The result showed that pre-cycle in cognitive aspects got 45,33%, first cycle 70% and second cycle 90%. The cognitive result averages in pre cycles were 67.00%. After the students were given first treatment, the cognitive result averages have increased to be 79,52%. In second cycle increased to be more than first cycle, it was 98,33%.  Meanwhile, in psicomotoric aspects of pre-cycle showed that the results were 64,50%. After the students got first treatment, the result of psicomotoric aspects increased to be 83,00%. Then, the second cycle were to be 98,00%.
Aliskiren: Direct Renin Inhibitor Baru Pada Terapi Hipertensi
Authors: DEWI NI PUTU UMA SARI , AMANDARI , I. G. A. A. E. , KRISNAYANTI M. W. , SARASMITA MA
Published: November 2018

Hipertensi merupakan kondisi ketika tekanan darah meningkat secara kronis. Mengacu pada hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas), Bali memiliki proporsi hipertensi sebesar 19,9%. Beberapa studi epidemiologis menyebutkan bahwa risiko kerusakan berbagai organ vital secara langsung berkorelasi dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan keteraturan dalam mengontrol dan juga meminum obat antihipertensi. Obat antihipertensi yang umum digunakan saat ini adalah angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) dan angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Akan tetapi, temuan sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa ACEI dan ARB belum sepenuhnya efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut, ditemukan direct renin inhibitor baru yaitu aliskiren. Aliskiren dapat memblokade renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pada level tertinggi, sehingga kemampuan aliskiren dalam menurunkan tekanan darah tidak dapat diragukan lagi. Aliskiren mampu menghambat konversi angiotensinogen menjadi angiotensin I, sehingga dapat menurunkan tekanan darah secara berkelanjutan.
ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL-TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Семенова Елена , Semenova Elena , Чабаненко Александр , Chabanenko Alexander
Published: November 2018

In recent years, the methods of layer-by-layer synthesis of products-prototypes, which is included in additive technologies have formed a fundamentally new direction in technology, where it is necessary to produce experienced, single, exclusive and unique product samples. The fundamental difference between these methods is that the finished part is obtained not by removing a layer of material from the workpiece, as is customary in traditional methods of processing, but by layer-by-layer build-up of the material while obtaining a given shape and size of the product. The main feature of these methods is the mandatory use of three-dimensional computer-aided design of the product as the initial stage of layer-by-layer synthesis technology.

The priority directions of industrial policy of Russia at this stage is to increase the competitiveness of production and effective promotion of high-tech products in the domestic and foreign markets. Today, the country faces an ambitious task of actively forming the industry of additive technologies to ensure the strategic technological sovereignty of the country in the future. Additive technologies are one of the main global trends mentioned in the context of the new industrial revolution. To ensure the development of additive technologies in Russia, the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) approved the first two national standards in the field of additive technologies.

The existing approaches reflect poorly the features of process control of pilot tests and preparation for production. In this regard, of course, relevant are the studies aimed at the development of quality management methodology at all stages of the product life cycle based on additive technologies, which will allow the company to achieve an integrated quality management system of high-tech products based on the use of technological methods and modern information technologies.
Nonlinear Decomposition Principle and Fundamental Matrix Solutions for Dynamic Compartmental Systems
Authors: Coskun Huseyin
Published: November 2018

A decomposition principle for nonlinear dynamic compartmental systems is introduced in the present paper. This theory is based on the mutually exclusive and exhaustive, analytical and dynamic, novel system and subsystem partitioning methodologies. A deterministic mathematical method is developed for the dynamic analysis of nonlinear compartmental systems based on the proposed theory. The dynamic method enables tracking the evolution of all initial stocks, external inputs, and arbitrary intercompartmental flows, as well as the associated storages derived from these stocks, inputs, and flows individually and separately within the system. The transient and the dynamic direct, indirect, acyclic, cycling, and transfer (diact) flows and associated storages transmitted along a particular flow path or from one compartment--directly or indirectly--to any other are then analytically characterized, systematically classified, and mathematically formulated. Thus, the dynamic influence of one compartment, in terms of flow and storage transfer, directly or indirectly on any other compartment is ascertained. Consequently, new mathematical system analysis tools are formulated as quantitative system indicators. The proposed mathematical method is then applied to various models from literature to demonstrate its efficiency and wide applicability.
Transcending humanness or: Doing the right thing for science
Authors: Inzlicht Michael
Published: November 2018

Science is hard. Yes, it leads us to truth, but it doesn’t lead us there in a straight line; instead it meanders slowly and circuitously, sometimes taking us down wrong paths altogether. But, science eventually gets it right, it eventually corrects course, finding its slow way to truth. My home discipline of psychology is now going through just such a course correction, with allied fields such as neuroscience following suit. But why is such a correction needed in neuroscience? Certainly the now widely known errors committed by social scientists (and their attendant journals and scientific societies) are not being committed by neuroscientists. Right?
Towards a distributed connectionist account of cognates and interlingual homographs: Evidence from semantic relatedness tasks
Authors: Poort Eva Denise , Rodd Jennifer M
Published: November 2018

This article has been published in PeerJ.Background. Current models of how bilinguals process cognates (e.g. “wolf”, which has the same meaning in Dutch and English) and interlingual homographs (e.g. “angel”, meaning “insect’s sting” in Dutch) are based primarily on data from lexical decision tasks. A major drawback of such tasks is that it is difficult—if not impossible—to separate processes that occur during decision making (e.g. response competition) from processes that take place in the lexicon (e.g. lateral inhibition). Instead, we conducted two English semantic relatedness judgement experiments. Methods. In Experiment 1, highly proficient Dutch–English bilinguals (N = 29) and English monolinguals (N = 30) judged the semantic relatedness of word pairs that included a cognate (e.g. “wolf”–“howl”; n = 50), an interlingual homograph (e.g. “angel”–“heaven”; n = 50) or an English control word (e.g. “carrot”–“vegetable”; n = 50). In Experiment 2, another group of highly proficient Dutch–English bilinguals (N = 101) read sentences in Dutch that contained one of those cognates, interlingual homographs or the Dutch translation of one of the English control words (e.g. “wortel” for “carrot”) approximately 15 minutes prior to completing the English semantic relatedness task.Results. In Experiment 1, there was an interlingual homograph inhibition effect of 39 ms only for the bilinguals, but no evidence for a cognate facilitation effect. Experiment 2 replicated these findings and also revealed that cross-lingual long-term priming had an opposite effect on the cognates and interlingual homographs: recent experience with a cognate in Dutch speeded processing of those items 15 minutes later in English but slowed processing of interlingual homographs. However, these priming effects were smaller than previously observed using a lexical decision task.Conclusion. After comparing our results to studies in both the bilingual and monolingual domain, we argue that bilinguals appear to process cognates and interlingual homographs as monolinguals process polysemes and homonyms, respectively. In the monolingual domain, processing of such words is best modelled using distributed connectionist frameworks. We conclude that it is necessary to explore the viability of such a model for the bilingual case. Data, scripts, materials and pre-registrations. Experiment 1: www.osf.io/ndb7p; Experiment 2: www.osf.io/2at49.
It’s new, but is it good? How generalization and uncertainty guide the exploration of novel options
Authors: Stojic Hrvoje , Schulz Eric , Analytis Pantelis P. , Speekenbrink Maarten
Published: November 2018

How do people decide whether to try out novel options as opposed to tried-and-tested ones? We argue that they infer a novel option's reward from contextual information learned from functional relations and take uncertainty into account when making a decision. We propose a Bayesian optimization model to describe their learning and decision making. This model relies on similarity-based learning of functional relationships between features and rewards, and a choice rule that balances exploration and exploitation by combining predicted rewards and the uncertainty of these predictions. Our model makes two main predictions. First, decision makers who learn functional relationships will generalize based on the learned reward function, choosing novel options only if their predicted reward is high. Second, they will take uncertainty about the function into account, and prefer novel options that can reduce this uncertainty. We test these predictions in three preregistered experiments in which we examine participants' preferences for novel options using a feature-based multi-armed bandit task in which rewards are a noisy function of observable features. Our results reveal strong evidence for functional exploration and moderate evidence for uncertainty-guided exploration. However, whether or not participants chose a novel option also depended on their attention, as well as reflecting on the value of the options. These results advance our understanding of people's reactions in the face of novelty.
Energieeffiziente Produktion mittels Additiver Fertigung
Authors: Yi Li , Gläßner Christopher , Krenkel Nicole , Aurich Jan C.
Published: November 2018

Kurzfassung

Additive Fertigung (AF) ist der Überbegriff von Fertigungsverfahren, bei denen das Werkstück element- oder schichtweise produziert wird. Zur energieeffizienten Produktion mit AF ist der Energieaufwand zum Einsatz der AF in Produktionssystemen zu ermitteln. Der Beitrag stellt ein Modell zur Beschreibung des Energieaufwands der AF in Produktionssystemen vor und erläutert eine Methode zur Analyse des Energieaufwands der AF in Produktionssystemen.
Mass Personalization und die Erfolgsfaktoren nach dem Stuttgarter Modell
Authors: Hämmerl Robert , Dangelmaier Manfred
Published: November 2018

Kurzfassung

Personalisierte Produkte gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Leistungszentrum Mass Personalization in Stuttgart zielen zwölf Institute darauf ab, Unternehmen bei der Personalisierung ihrer Produkte zu unterstützen. Dazu wird hier das Stuttgarter Modell der Produktentstehung vorgestellt. Es bietet einen Ansatz zur Lösung des Qual-der-Wahl-Problems für die Nutzer und zeigt Anforderungen, Prozessflüsse und Abhängigkeiten auf und dient als Blaupause für die Produkt- und Produktionsplanung.
Shareconomy in der Fertigungsindustrie
Authors: Ellwein Carsten , Schmidt Alexander , Riedel Oliver , Lechler Armin
Published: November 2018

Kurzfassung

Der Trend hin zu einer Ökonomie des Teilens ist in vielen Branchen zu beobachten. Auch in der Fertigungsindustrie ist dieser Trend sichtbar. Über Cloud-Manufacturing-Plattformen werden Produktionsressourcen als Dienstleistung angeboten. Geht man davon aus, dass dieser Trend sich fortsetzt, dann steht in naher Zukunft ein großes Produk-tionsnetz für den Endnutzer zur Verfügung. Im folgenden Beitrag werden mögliche Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklung anhand von drei Szenarien genauer betrachtet.
Bauteilintegrierte Vorrichtungsfunktionen im Karosseriebau
Authors: Kampker Achim , Schleser Markus , Triebs Johannes , Berg Alexander , Hansen Jan Ole , Fiedler Falko
Published: November 2018

Kurzfassung

Das Forschungsprojekt Produktionseffizienz in der Kleinserie (ProeK) erarbeitet kostengünstige und effiziente Lösungsansätze für Prozessketten im Zukunftsfeld der Elektromobilität. Das Teilprojekt Karosserie setzt diese Zielsetzung durch innovative und praxisorientierte Produkt- und Prozesskonzepte mit neuartigen bauteilintegrierten Vorrichtungsfunktionen (BiV) um. Im Teilprojekt Außenhaut sollen Toleranzen adaptiv durch Anpassungen der Prozessparameter sowie Bauteilmanipulation kompensiert werden.
Presentation and Verification of an Electrolytic Etching Technique for the Determination of prior Austenite Grain Boundaries in the Steel PH15-5
Authors: Brandl D. , Höfler L. , Stockinger M. , Ploberger S. , Marsoner S. , Ressel G.
Published: November 2018

In the field of hot working, modelling of austenite grain size makes a significant contribution to the prediction of future material properties. One of the difficulties when it comes to modelling is the detection of grain sizes at different recrystallization stages by means of etching methods. Especially with high-purity steels with a martensitic structure, imaging of prior austenite grain boundaries without simultaneous highlighting of lath martensite boundaries, is, in many cases, only possible to some extent when using etching technology. Due to small electrochemical potential differences, increased purity of the alloy causes a more uniform etching attack on grain and lath boundaries and thus leads to a poorer discrimination. An alternative technique for grain size determination is Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). However, this technique maps only a relatively small area of the sample and is also significantly more expensive than the combination of electrolytic etching and light microscopic analysis.

Therefore, this work will present a novel electrolytic etching technique for light microscopic imaging of prior austenite grain boundaries in high-purity and corrosion-resistant grades of precipitation hardening steels. For this purpose, a series of tests was carried out on the alloy PH15-5 and the results were verified by correlative EBSD measurements.
Ageing Tests of Alloy 617 to Simulate Service Embrittlement
Authors: Neidel A. , Giller M. , Riesenbeck S. , Wöhl E.
Published: November 2018

Alloy 617 is a solid solution-strengthened, wrought, nickel base superalloy. It is extensively used in the chemical industries, whenever superior corrosion resistance is required, and in piping applications of the most highly advanced thermal power plants, where creep resistance is important for piping and steam turbine disk applications, and in hot going casings of gas turbine engines, both heavy-duty and industrial scale. It is known from numerous studies that the relatively high chromium and carbon contents of this alloy gives rise to chromium carbide precipitation at well determined temperature ranges. This applies to both the precipitation of primary carbides on solidification, which may be rich in both chromium and molybdenum and are mostly of the MC and M6C types, and the precipitation of secondary chromium carbides of the Cr23C6 type, which are precipitated preferably at grain boundaries, twin boundaries, and slip planes. This precipitation might embrittle the alloy, which could manifest itself in a marked drop of ductility and toughness. In long-term high-temperature applications, this may lead to a failure mechanism called stress relaxation cracking, which may occur when high residual or service stresses cannot be relieved by plastic deformation, because of simultaneous precipitation of secondary carbide precipitates. The onset of this embrittling mechanism is reported to begin as early as after only 500 service hours, if affected components are operated within the carbide precipitation range of approximately 750 – 875 °C. In a more recent development, there were concerns in the fabrication department of the authors' organization that tooling, used for heat treatment of such components, could be affected not only by embrittlement, but also by a drop in strength levels, this after long-time service in industrial furnaces at heat treatment temperatures in the order of 850 °C. Because this is somewhat counter-intuitive, a long term study was launched to test the sensitivity of this alloy for a decrease in strength after service. This study was performed for ageing times between 500 and 3000 h, at the relevant temperature of 850 °C. The findings suggest, as expected, that the onset of embrittlement by secondary carbide precipitates occurs as early as after 500 h in service, as also reported in the literature. This is evidenced by a marked drop in both tensile ductility and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness, and can also be seen microfractographically by an increase of the fraction of intergranular cleavage fracture. Also as expected, a drop in strength could not be determined. On the contrary, the marked drop in ductility and toughness goes along with a marked increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS).