bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Los Angeles earthquakes of July, 1920
Authors: Taber Stephen
Published: May 2021

More than a hundred earthquakes have been recorded in southern California during the period February-September, 1920. These earthquakes have originated along several different faults in the vicinity of Los Angeles, but all of them are believed to have resulted from the adjustment of stresses set up in the region by the same general tectonic movements. The series of shocks felt in Los Angeles on July 16th originated along faults which cut Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the northern part of the city. The three strongest shocks on July 16th had epicentral intensities of between VI and VII in the Rossi-Forel scale; and they were felt over areas of from 500 to 2500 square miles. The known seismic history of southern California and the magnitude of the post-Pleistocene movements both indicate that the seismicity of the region is relatively high. There are many faults in the vicinity of Los Angeles; some of which are known to be active, while others are suspected of being active. Fortunately those within the city are short, while the longer ones are seven to thirty miles away, and are therefore less dangerous in so far as Los Angeles is concerned.
Adubação Suplementar de Nitrogênio na Soja Via Solo e Foliar na Fase Reprodutiva
Authors: Bono José Antonio Maior , Assis Talles Edmundo de , Araújo Martinelli André Luiz
Published: May 2021

A planta de soja tem a associação simbiôntica com micro-organismos que têm a capacidade de fixar nitrogênio (N) e liberá-lo para as plantas. Nas cultivares de soja de alto potencial produtivo, a demanda por N estaria sendo atendida através da fixação biológica de nutrientes (FBN) ou haveria a necessidade de complementação deste nutriente para a cultura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a resposta da cultivar de soja Desafio inoculada com bactérias Bradyrhizobium japonicum e Bradyrhizobium elkanii, e com adubação nitrogenada suplementar na fase reprodutiva, via solo e via foliar. Os tratamentos constituíram da testemunha (sem aplicação de N), 30 e 60 kg de N ha-1 via solo e solução a 2% de N aplicados nas fases R1 e R5.3. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e as  sementes foram inoculadas com bactérias das espécies Bradyrhizobium japonicum e Bradyrhizobium elkanii (estirpes Semia 587 e Semia 5019). A aplicação tardia de N em R1 e em R5.3 proporcionou aumento na produtividade de grãos de 478,6 kg ha-1 e 472,8 kg ha-1, respectivamente.  A aplicação via solo de N em R1 apresenta melhor índice de colheita, quando comparada com a R5.3. A aplicação tardia de solução de 2% de N, via foliar, não proporciona aumento na produtividade da cultura da soja.

 

Palavras-chave: Glycine max. Produtividade. Fixação Biológica. Adubação Nitrogenada.

 

Abstract

The soybean plant has the symbiotic association with microorganisms that has the ability to fix nitrogen (N) and release it to the plants. Soybean cultivars with high productive potential, N demand would be met through biological nutrient fixation (BNF) or there would be a need to complement this nutrient for the crop. The objective of this work was to verify the response of soybean inoculated with bacteria of the genus Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, the supplementary nitrogen fertilization in the reproductive phase, soil and leaf pathway. The treatments consisted of control (without application of N), 30 and 60 kg of N ha-1  via soil and 2 % N solution applied in phases R1 and R5.3. The design was randomized   blocks with   4 replications and the seeds were inoculated with bacteria of the species Bradyrhizobium japonicum  and  Bradyrhizobium elkanii (strains Semia 587 and Semia 5019). The late application of N in R1 and R5.3 increased grain yield of 478.6 kg ha-1 and 472.8 kg ha-1, respectively.  The application, via soil, of N in R1 presents a better harvest index, when compared to R5.3. The late application of 2% N solution, via leaf, did not increase the soybean crop yield

 

Keywords: Glycine max. Productivity. Biological Fixation. Nitrogen Fertilization
Nature in the Urban Context: Renaturalisation as an Important Dimension of Urban Resilience and Planning
Authors: Lehmann Steffen
Published: May 2021

How are our cities confronting the challenges posed by a warming climate, the loss of biodiversity and major resource depletion? ―This article discusses the opportunities and benefits of applying the concepts of renaturalisiation and rewilding of cities. It introduces Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in urban planning that are integrated with the aim to enhance urban resilience and to slow down the biodiversity decline, which can be applied in two areas: through the conception of new green neighbourhoods; and through the regeneration and re-greening of existing but neglected parts of the city, such as postindustrial brownfields or economically weak districts. Contact to nature is essential for human existence, urban wellbeing and a good quality of life. Green spaces in cities –big or small– all contribute to health and wellbeing. However, many cities, including in the U.S. and in Europe, do not offer residents easy access to green space within the city. Improving better access to green spaces and extending gardens and parks will deliver a large number of benefits, such as ecosystem services, better water management for enhanced urban flood control, slowing down the biodiversity loss, contributing to food security, with the potential to restore damaged ecosystems. Furthermore, additional green space and NBS help to keep cities cool during heatwaves and improve the urban microclimate. As most of our cities keep growing and warming, the scale of the issue is significant. For example, in 2020, cities in the European Union were home to over 70 percent of Europe’s population, and this figure is expected to increase to over 80 percent by the middle of the century. This translates to 36 million new urban citizens in Europe by 2050 alone, who will need housing, employment, health care and access to green spaces (EU-Commission, 2018). In this context, nature-based solutions and re-greening can generate significant benefits for citizens, improve urban health and well-being, and offer an opportunity to effectively deploy nature in helping to resolve major societal challenges ―such as social inclusion, food security and disaster risk reduction. However, as the discussion of this article shows, it is essential that the design of NBS is fully integrated with other complementary planning interventions and seeks synergies across all sectors.
The Effect of Ownership Structures on Audit Fees of Listed Firms in Ghana
Authors: Musah Alhassan , Okyere Bismark , Boakye Eric Agyapong
Published: May 2021

Research aims: The study examined the effect of ownership structures on audit fees of listed firms in Ghana. The study used four indicators to measure ownership structure: managerial ownership, foreign ownership, government ownership, and substantial (block) ownership.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study sampled 21 listed non-financial firms over ten years, covering the period 2010 to 2019. The study also relied on secondary data extracted from the financial statement of these listed firms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and panel regression analysis.Research findings: The study results showed a positive and significant association between foreign ownership and audit fees in Ghana. The study further found a positive and significant relationship between block ownership and audit fees. The results, however, uncovered an insignificant association between government ownership and audit fees. Furthermore, the study reported a positive coefficient between block ownership and audit fees, and the relationship was statistically significant.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study is among very few studies that have examined ownership structures such as foreign ownership, managerial ownership, government ownership, and block ownership on audit fees in a developing country context and Ghana.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study found that the higher agency conflict through ownership structures will give rise to the higher audit fees paid to external auditors, which managers and auditors should consider in future assignments.Research limitation/implication: The study is limited by geographical area (Ghana), and as such future studies can conduct cross-country analysis of ownership structures on audit fees.
Pengaruh Macam dan Ketebalan Mulsa Organik Terhadap Populasi Gulma dan Hasil Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Setiawan Agus Nugroho , Utari Lilik , Oktarini Metasia
Published: May 2021

The research to observe the effect of the kinds and thickness of organic mulch toward the population of weeds and melon yield was conducted in Wringin, Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman District of Yogyakarta, at February up to May 2004. The research site has the 500 m above sea level altitude and the Regosol soil type. The field experiment was arranged in a single factor Randomized Completely Block Design with three blocks as replications. The treatments of mulch kinds consisted of 8 levels which are: no mulch application, plastic mulch, straw mulch with 4 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm thickness, bamboo leaves mulch with 4 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm thickness. The effect of treatments on weeds population suppression, melon growth and yield were observed during the growth period. The result showed that the bamboo leaves mulch with 8 cm thickness and plastic mulch significantly suppressed weeds population until 67 days after planting in compared with the other treatments. Straw mulch and bamboo leaves mulch significantly increased the component of melon yield, but the kind and thickness of organic mulch was not significantly affected the growth and yield of melon.
Pengendalian Hama Kelapa Larva Kumbang Badak (Oryctes rhinoceros, L.) Instar III Dengan Metarhizium anisopliae, Metch. yang Ditumbuhkan Pada Berbagai Macam Dedak Gandum
Authors: Astuti Agung , Sudarsono Darmawan Suryo , Prabowo Agus
Published: May 2021

The research objectives were to observe the growth and spore production of Metarhizium anisopliae grown at wheat-pollard and wheat-brand and to test the M. anisopliae pathogenicity on instar III rhinoceros beetle larva of coconut pest (Oryctes rhinoceros, L.). The research were executed in 3 phases : (1) Regeneration phase of  M. anisopliae, the experiment was arranged in single factor CRD with 3 kinds of wheat and 3  replications. The influences of the treatments on biomass, spore number and spore viability were observed then; (2) lethal dosage (LD50) determination phase; and (3) phatogenicity test of M. anisopliae, the experiment was arranged in 3 x 3 factorial CRD, where the first factor was the kinds of wheat (i.e. Pollard, Brand and Pollard Brand) and the second factor was the dosage of biopesticide (i.e. 0,5 LD50 LD50  and 2 LD50). The phatogenicity testing was conducted to evaluate the effects on toxicity, mortality speed, and effication percentage. The result indicated that the wheat-brand was the better medium for M. Anisopliae than the pollard and the pollard-brand ones. The average spore number (1021,67 x 1014  spora/ml), biomass (95,94 g) and the viability (127,00 x 108 spora/ml) were significantly higher than the others.  The lethal dosage obtained was 6,70g to gave the mortality percentage (73,33 %) and the effication percentage (73,33 %) significantly higher than the other treatments.
Z Towarzystwa Jezusowego do Towarzystwa do Ksiąg Elementarnych. Myśl pedagogiczna Grzegorza Piramowicza a Ratio Studiorum
Authors: Ziółek Ewa M.
Published: May 2021

Grzegorz Piramowicz – Ormianin lwowski, wywodzący się z mieszczańskiej rodziny jezuita jest jednym z najwybitniejszych działaczy Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, a także ważnym teoretykiem myśli pedagogicznej w Rzeczypospolitej. Obok wielu ważnych dzieł, które pozostawił po sobie, za szczególnie istotne dla historii wychowania w Polsce uznaje się Powinności nauczyciela – pierwszy polski poradnik metodyczny dla nauczycieli szkół elementarnych. Dzieło to było analizowane w historiografii z punktu widzenia jego nowatorstwa w aspekcie metody pracy edukacyjnej i wychowawczej w XVIII-wiecznej szkole i jako kompendium ówczesnej wiedzy pedagogicznej. Niniejszy artykuł natomiast został poświęcony dociekaniu źródeł wiedzy pedagogicznej Piramowicza. Porównanie treści Powinności nauczyciela z jezuickim Ratio studiorum, opracowanym jeszcze w XVI w. i wykorzystywanym w jezuickich kolegiach do kasaty w 1773 r., wyraźnie pokazuje, że Grzegorz Piramowicz czerpał głównie z tradycji swojego zakonu. W swoim dziele, w dużej mierze przejął i dostosował do potrzeb szkoły elementarnej przepisy wychowawcze obowiązujące w kolegiach jezuickich. Należy przy tym dodać, że czerpał on z własnego doświadczenia nauczycielskiego, co umożliwiło mu twórcze przejęcie tych zasad i stworzenie pierwszego w Polsce poradnika metodycznego dla nauczycieli, w którym teoria wsparta była doświadczeniem własnym autora.
Kościół katolicki we francuskojęzycznych ujęciach historii – geografii – kultury Polski/Rzeczypospolitej opracowanych we Francji w latach 1835–1842 przez emigrantów polskich
Authors: Wojciechowski Leszek
Published: May 2021

W artykule zostały przedstawione trzy obszerne dzieła powstałe i wydane we Francji po powstaniu listopadowym, a opracowane w środowisku polskich emigrantów. Dzieła te prezentowały czytelnikowi francuskiemu systematyczny wykład historii Polski/Rzeczypospolitej. Zawierały poza tą główną treścią artykuły mówiące o geografii Rzeczypospolitej oraz o kulturze i zagadnieniach dotyczących religii. Posiadały liczne ilustracje. Najobszerniejsze spośród tych dzieł to La Pologne pittoresque, Polska malownicza; wydane zostało w trzech tomach w latach 1835‒1845. W latach 1839‒1841 ukazało się kolejne dzieło omawiające wspomniane tematy, La Pologne illustrée, Polska ozdobnicza. Głównym redaktorem tych prac był Leonard Chodźko (1800‒1871). Natomiast w 1840 r. Karol Forster (1800‒1879) opublikował Pologne. Dzieła zyskały dużą popularność. W artykule zajęto się problemem prezentacji roli Kościoła katolickiego w historii Polski/Rzeczypospolitej, a także prezentacji różnych elementów życia religijnego. Wskazano na kilka zasadniczych wątków ideowych dostrzeganych w tejże prezentacji. Podkreślono zauważalną obecność zagadnień religijnych we wspomnianych dziełach, co pozytywnie wyróżnia je na tle ówczesnych prac podobnego rodzaju.
Шляхта западного края в политике российской империи во второй половине XIX века: Леопольд Валицкий и его имение Озёры
Authors: Mulina Svetlana , Radiuk Aleksandr
Published: May 2021

Szlachta zachodniego kraju w polityce imperium rosyjskiego w drugiej połowie XIX wieku: Leopold Walicki i jego majątek Jeziory

W artykule analizowana jest polityka caratu wobec uprzywilejowanej grupy społecznej ziem zabranych na przykładzie biografii ziemianina Leopolda Walickiego z guberni grodzieńskiej. Jego życiowa droga była zdeterminowana przez sytuację polityczną w kraju i złączona z losem jego majątku Jeziory. Podobnie jak większość drobnego ziemiaństwa, Walicki na początku swojej kariery realizował się w służbie państwowej i dopiero po otrzymaniu spadku znacząco zmienił się jego status bytowy. Rozlegle dobra, rodzinne skarby, wpływ na lokalną społeczność – wszystko złożyło się na to, że jego osobą szczególnie interesowały się władze rosyjskie. Mimo że był osobą apolityczną, Leopold został skazany za udział w powstaniu styczniowym i zesłany do guberni irkuckiej, a jego majątek skonfiskowano. Proces przejęcia Jezior przez skarb państwa świadczył o tym, że zmiana formy własności łączyła się ze wzrostem korupcji i różnych nadużyć ze strony cywilnej i wojskowej administracji carskiej. W wyniku konfiskaty i sekwestracji majątków uczestników powstania wiele tych gospodarstw zostało zrujnowanych.

Шляхта западного края в политике российской империи во второй половине XIX века: Леопольд Валицкий и его имение Озёры

В статье рассматривается политика царизма по отношению к привилегированному сословию Западного края на примере биографии помещика Гродненской губернии Леопольда Валицкого. Его судьба формировалась под влиянием политической обстановки в регионе и была тесно связана с судьбой имения Озёры. Сначала Валицкий реализовывал жизненный путь типичного безземельного шляхтича, зарабатывающего канцелярской работой, и только после получения наследства стал влиятельной личностью в Гродненской губернии. Большое имение, обширные родственные связи, влияние на местное население – все это способствовало повышенному вниманию властей к фигуре Валицкого. Будучи далеким от политики, он был осужден за участие в восстании 1863 г. и сослан на поселение в Иркутскую губернию. Судьба конфискованного у Валицкого имения Озеры показывает, что передел земельной собственности в Западном крае в пользу русского землевладения сопровождался ростом злоупотреблений чиновничества и хищнических амбиций местной бюрократической верхушки. В результате масштабной акции по секвестированию и конфискации имений местной шляхты, многие земельные владения пришли в упадок.
BANKING IN DIGITAL AGE: EFFICIENCY OF АNTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SYSTEM
Authors: Lieonov S. , Vasilyeva T. , Mynenko S. , Dotsenko T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problems of the development of a system for combating the legalization of income obtained illegally in the context of digitalization of banking activities. The concept of the effectiveness of the anti-money laundering system was considered. The expediency of using the utility approach for modeling the effectiveness of the system for combating money laundering has been determined. The indicator of the effectiveness of the system of combating money laundering was chosen as the share of indictments sent to the court in the total number of criminal offenses for which pre-trial investigation was carried out in the corresponding period. The first alternative of choice — the focus on the development of identifying suspicious financial transactions is characterized by the indicator Share of criminal offenses for which pre-trial investigation was carried out per one transaction report submitted to the State Financial Monitoring Service. The second alternative of choice — the development of innovative technologies, is characterized by the indicator of the Level of digitalization of the economy. The input data are the indicators on the crime rate in Ukraine, the work of the pre-trial investigation bodies, obtained from the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine, the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, suspicious financial transactions and the number of Internet subscribers. On the basis of the calculated autocorrelation coefficients of zero differences and determination of their statistical significance, a nonlinear function of the relationship between mictoramas was selected. Using the Stone-Geary utility function, which for the selected input data took the form of a Cobb-Douglas power function, the degree of response of alternative approaches to improving the effectiveness of the system of combating criminal proceeds was determined. The degree of digitalization of the economy has a high level of elasticity. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of the system of combating money laundering, it is necessary to develop innovative information technologies in the field of FinTech.
Keywords: bank, countering the legalization of criminal proceeds, the utility function of Stone-Geary, the Cobb-Douglas function, the effectiveness of combating the legalization of criminal proceeds, the digitalization of the economy.
JEL Classification C49, O17, O33, G21, G14
Formulas: 4; fig.: 5; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 32.
INTEGRATED EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Prymostka L. , Krasnova I. , Prymostka O. , Biloshapka V. , Lavreniuk A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Low level of financial literacy and coverage of the population with banking services is one of the urgent problems of Ukrainian society. Methodical approaches to a comprehensive integrated assessment of the level of financial inclusion are proposed. The key components of financial inclusion (FI) have been identified, which include: welfare, awareness, accessibility, involvement and usage. Their economic meaning, logical sequence and interconnectedness are revealed. An algorithm for evaluation is proposed, which includes successive stages: substantiation of FI components; selection of analytical indicators for each component; calculation of sub-indexes of components and their normalization; weighing sub-indexes based on professional judgments; calculation of the resulting indicator — the integrated index of financial inclusion (IFI). For each component of financial inclusion, a primary set of analytical indicators-indicators is formed, which are divided into stimulators and disincentives. For all components, their standardized value and significance factor are calculated. A «thermal» mapping of the dynamics of sub-indexes by components for 2000—2019 was carried out. It was found that the intensification of the development of non-cash payments and digital banking services contributed to the growth of the component of usage, and the reduction in the number of banking institutions led to a decrease in the level of availability of banking services. A comprehensive economic and statistical assessment of the level of financial inclusion in Ukraine has been carried out. Integral IFI is calculated as the geometric mean of individual sub-indexes. A composite map of financial inclusion of the population of Ukraine is constructed. The map clearly shows the low indicators of the basic components of financial inclusion — well-being and awareness. The directions of improvement of the methodology by expanding the list of analytical indicators are substantiated. The main problems and destructive factors that reduce the level of financial inclusion in the country are highlighted. It is substantiated that the method of assessing the level of financial inclusion is necessary for monitoring and preventive identification of possible problems.Keywords: financial inclusion, components of financial inclusion, accessibility, involvement, usage, analytical indicators, indices of financial inclusion, map of financial inclusion, integrated indicator of financial inclusion.
JEL Classification: D14, E21, G02, Е27
Formulas: 3; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.
ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ТОВАРОВИРОБНИКІВ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, ПРОБЛЕМИ I ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Сарапіна О. , Єремян О.
Published: May 2021

Анотація. Проаналізовано рівень, динаміку і структуру податкових надходжень від сільськогосподарських товаровиробників за видами економічної діяльності підгалузей АПК i видами податків. Доведено, що сільськогосподарські товаровиробники є тими суб’єктами господарювання, які формують податкову базу доходів місцевих бюджетів.
Найвагомішими серед податкових платежів сільськогосподарських товаровиробників є три податки (податок на доходи фізичних осіб, податок на майно та єдиний податок). Тому, розробляючи напрями вдосконалення оподаткування сільськогосподарських товаро­виробників, основну увагу варто зосередити на таких факторах, як земельні ресурси і додана вартість як об’єктах оподаткування, оскільки відносно трудових ресурсів та їхніх доходів сільськогосподарські товаровиробники виступають фактично лише податковими агентами.
Досліджено особливості оподаткування сільськогосподарських підприємств України за загальною системою і спрощеною системою оподаткування у формі єдиного податку IV групи на сучасному етапі. Надано критичну оцінку наявних критеріїв, об’єктів і бази оподаткування для платників IV групи єдиного податку щодо відповідності ідеям створення спрощеної системи оподаткування.
Визначено переваги і недоліки функціонування єдиного податку IV групи і запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення механізму справляння податків з агропідприємств для створення сприятливого податкового середовища. Такі заходи мають суттєво вплинути на діяльність сільськогосподарських виробників, зміцнити їхні позиції на ринку і посилити їхню конкурентоздатність. Реалізація розроблених заходів дасть змогу підвищити ефективність системи оподаткування сільськогосподарських підприємств, посилити регулятивну функцію податків і наповнюваність місцевих бюджетів, створити сприятливий клімат для впровадження інновацій і залучення інвестицій.
Ключові слова: сільськогосподарські товаровиробники, оподаткування, податки, переваги, недоліки, удосконалення, заходи.
Формул: 0; рис.: 1; табл.: 4; бібл.: 11.
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT FACTORS AFFECTING ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN THE UKRAINIAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Authors: Demydenko S. , Demydenko V.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This research focuses on the current state of the Ukrainian construction industry. Part of the aim of the study is to evaluate progress in the construction economy through analysing both the GDP dynamics in the construction industry and overall country’s GDP. The authors prove that both Ukraine’s overall GDP and the GDP of the construction industry tended to increase in 2015—2017, however, the fluctuation observed in the share of construction industry in the GDP structure was insignificant. It has been determined that the construction industry performance is preconditioned by the country’s economic development and, on the other hand, they influence the development and potential of enterprises that belong to other industries.
The study examines performance of the construction industry enterprises’ activities. Despite an increase in the economic indicators that have been observed over past few years, these activities are unprofitable. 2018 witnessed a decline in the index of construction products in general as well as of several their types. It has been established that the development of construction industry and its condition depend on various factors, the influence of which is a result of interaction between economic, market, technological, political and social processes.
The volumes and structure of capital investments in construction have been estimated. The study has proved that investment volume is a significant external factor, through which the enterprises of the construction industry are financed. The economic factors and their influence on volumes of executed construction works have been investigated; the importance of considering the specific features of the industry while studying the degree of impact exercised by the factors, is justified. The directions in which the efficiency of the construction enterprises’ activities should expand are studied; besides, ways of overcoming major problems in the branch are described.
Keywords: construction industry, capital investment, impact factors, enterprise performance, resources.
JEL Classification L74, M41
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 11.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Authors: Rudnytskyy W. , Svirko S. , Dykyi A. , Dyka O. , Trosteniuk T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical issues of determining the effectiveness of state higher educational institutions of Ukraine and the development of theoretical and methodological principles, as well as general methodological approaches to its evaluation. To implement it, the authors formed and proposed a supplement to the thesaurus of management of the concept of «key performance indicators» (Key Efficacy Indicators, KEI), which, in the context of the object of study, is proposed to understand a set of numerical indicators of public higher education. nature, which are the central element of the system of evaluation of its activities in terms of its effectiveness and efficiency in order to achieve certain goals of the state institution of higher education. In order to form a stable basis of the evaluation methodology, a classification of key performance indicators was formed according to 16 features, according to which the corresponding groups were identified and their characteristics were given. The outline of the methodology is based on the basic classification features of key performance indicators, in particular by: types (efficiency and effectiveness), degree of importance (major and minor) and areas of coverage (educational, research, financial, contingent, infrastructure, socio-ethical); it provides for the final definition of an integrated key performance indicator through the sum of complex indicators of efficiency and effectiveness or the sum of complex indicators of educational, research, financial, socio-ethical spheres, as well as areas of contingent and infrastructure. The final formation of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of state institutions of higher education will optimally and deeply assess the activities of these entities, which will contribute to the actual implementation of all management functions in time and space to fulfill their mission, objectives and development goals.
Keywords: key performance indicators, key еfficacy indicators, effectiveness, efficiency, public higher education institutions.
JEL Classification M41, I23
Formulas: 11; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 25.
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION OF UKRAINE: SEARCH FOR NEW APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: Teremetskyi V. , Solyannik K. , Zakomorna K. , Poproshaieva O. , Yakovchuk Ya.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Specific features of fiscal decentralization as a component of decentralization in Ukraine have been analyzed in this article. It is demonstrated that fiscal decentralization is politically necessary reform for Ukraine, which directly impacts on the formation and implementation of state and regional policy, harmonized actions of central and local authorities, creating a new format of the balance of relationship among the state and local authorities, stabilization and stability of economic processes in Ukraine, efficiency provision of public services, elimination of macroeconomic instability and acceleration of economic growth. The ways of improving this process are outlined. Although the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine has not been completed it is concluded about its inefficiency that leads to nsufficient effectiveness of reforming the budgetary and tax system, inter-budgetary relations and decorativeness of most measures implemented in the direction of fiscal decentralization. It has been noted that the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine should have its implementation strategy, which can determine the main points, can analyze the problems and can search for possible solutions or the ways of mitigation. Key points of such a strategy should be: an adequate political and institutional environment, improvement of the administration quality, close relations of local authorities with the population and formation of effective communication channels; strengthening the responsibility of local self-government agencies to the community (local accountability and transparency, reduction of corruption); fight against corruption, the «horizontal» and «vertical» growth of the budget competition; ensuring the financial independence of local self-government agencies in decision-making; stimulating local self-government agencies to increase their own budget potential, establishing proper access for the development of investment activity. It has been emphasized that the existence of concrete steps of implementing fiscal decentralization in Ukraine will help to strengthen local political and institutional capacities.
Keywords: decentralization, fiscal decentralization, local self-government, taxation, budget.
JEL Classification Н50, H72, H77
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 33.
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Obolentseva L. , Tretyak V. , Ternova I. , Sеgеdа І. , Shved A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article suggests methodological support for the management of financial resources of domestic enterprises based on the definition of the key issues of financial management and its adaptation to existing economic conditions. It has been found out that for the construction of an effective system of financial resources management, it is advisable to take into account the following requirements: the existence of causal relationships between the elements of the system; dynamism, ability to change the qualitative state; possession of a parameter, the influence of which makes it possible to change the course of the economic process. It has been noted that when developing a budgeting system at an enterprise, it is always necessary to take into account the main limiting factors affecting the financial activity of an economic entity from which the budget calculation should begin. Determination of the preliminary set of budget indicators has been identified as the main task of designing a comprehensive budgeting system as a component of the financial resource management system. In order to guarantee the use of effective indicators by all participants in this process, it is necessary to simultaneously apply the principles of design «top-down» and «bottom-up». It has been pointed out that debt obligations are currently a big problem for domestic enterprises. The proposed methods of debt management allow managing the financial resources of the entity based on the definition of key positions of financial management. It has also been mentioned that one of the most important elements of the financial resources management system of an enterprise is risk management, which becomes an integral element and a subsystem of the strategic management of an economic entity. In turn, one of the most important elements of the risk management system in an enterprise is the assessment of financial risks. It has been noted that modern enterprises have the opportunity to use a wide range of methods for assessing financial risks, among which are such clusters of methods as statistical, analytical and expert. The conclusion has been made that in conditions of economic and social instability, economic entities should pay special attention to an integrated system of budgeting and risk management, since at present these two areas are the most important components of the effective management of financial resources of an enterprise.
Keywords: financial resources management, enterprise, methodological support, assessment, level.
JEL Classification M11, M31
Formulas: 9; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 10.
EVALUATION AND REMOVAL OF DEMOTIVATING CRITERIA IN ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF THE ENTERPRISE STAFF INCENTIVE MECHANISM
Authors: Levytska І. , Tarasiuk H. , Klymchuk A. , Postova V. , Chahaida A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. To identify the most significant demotivators of personnel at enterprises, to develop measures aimed at neutralizing demotivators at enterprises, increase the integrated rate of staff activation, increase the efficiency of enterprise management.  In the process of writing the work were used such research methods: general and special. From the general science were used the following methods: deduction (in constructing the structure of levers of influence on the formation of the mechanism of evaluation, motivation, and stimulation of enterprise personnel), induction, abstract logic and synthesis, analysis (in analyzing the dynamics of the integrated indicator of staff activation). From the special methods: factor analysis (in the study of corrective measures to reduce demotivators and increase the integrated rate of staff activation in the enterprise), calculation and design and comparison method, tabular and graphical, economic and statistical, correlation analysis, forecasting methods and other methods of economics and management processes and phenomena. The paper investigates the problems that may arise in the evaluation, motivation, and stimulation of staff identified demotivators of staff work. Four stages of the staff activation system were also considered. The coefficients at the expense of which the level of the actual state of group indicators of personnel activation at the enterprise is calculated are determined. A list of recommended corrective measures to increase the integrated indicator and reduce the level of demotivator impact on enterprises. It is established that the general purpose of the mechanism of evaluation, motivation and stimulation of personnel should be the result of coincidence of goals and interests of employees with the goals and interests of the enterprise, increase staff productivity, encourage employees to take initiative in solving both personal and enterprise problems atmosphere among subordinates, meeting the basic needs of staff, preventing overwork. The proposed methodology can be used as a methodological basis for solving problems of strategic management of the enterprise and its personnel.
Keywords: staff motivation, labor demotivators, motivation assessment mechanism, staff activation, adjusting measures to reduce demotivators, integrated group indicators, labor activity.
JEL Classification M12, Z13
Formulas: 4; fig.: 1; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 20.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK CENTRAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ACTIVITY OF MODERN BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Authors: Borovyk М. , Novikova M. , Kozyrieva O.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the essence of network-centrism and network-centric management, as well as the features, capabilities, advantages and disadvantages of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures. The contribution of A. Sebrowski, J. Garstka, D. Alberts and F. Stein to the formation of the concept of network-centric management is considered. The origin of the concept of "network-centrism" and "network-centric management" is studied. The essence of the network-centric approach is investigated and the specifics of its use in the process of managing complex socio-economic systems are determined. It is proposed to improve the management of modern business structures by implementing the principles of network-centric management in their activities. The main levels at which business structures should be managed in accordance with the network-centric approach to management are identified. On the basis of the analysis of traditional principles of network-centrism, it is proposed to introduce into the management of business structures the principles of: formation of a single distributed information infrastructure, unimpeded information exchange; individual information management; interdependence and coherence of the elements of the management system, mandatory validation of information and intellectual integration of the elements of the management system of the business structure. The main advantages and disadvantages of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures are identified. The expediency of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures, in order to increase the effectiveness of their activities through effective management of information support based on the construction of an information network that allows interconnection of all elements of the management system using available information is substantiated.
ОСНОВНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ: ІНОЗЕМНИЙ ТА ВІДЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Лункіна Т.
Published: May 2021

Анотація. Досліджено основні аспекти формування соціальної (нефінансової) звітності в Україні та в розвинених країнах світу. З’ясовано, що формування соціальної звітності почалося наприкінці ХХ століття підприємствами, що беруть на себе відповідальність за наслідки своєї діяльності. Досліджено нормативно-правове забезпечення у країнах Європейського Союзу. Обґрунтовано, що нормативна база щодо соціальної звітності в Україні потребує вдосконалення. Наведено позитивну динаміку щодо загальної кількості звітів GRI у світі та в Україні. З’ясовано, що не існує єдиного підходу визначення i характеристики соціальної звітності. Світовий та вітчизняний досвід сформував різні тлумачення соціальної звітності. Установлено, що в Україні хоч і набуває поширення соціальна звітність відповідно до певних стандартів, проте при її формуванні підприємства мало приділяють уваги взаємодії зі стейкхолдерами, антикорупційній діяльності, прозорому веденню бізнесу, бізнес-етиці.
Проаналізовано наявність соціальної звітності серед найбільших латифундистів України. Аналіз проводився на основі інформації, висвітленої на сайтах підприємств, з’ясовано, що лише невелика їхня частка формує соціальні звіти. Запропоновано етапи формування інтегрованої звітності на аграрних підприємствах України, обґрунтовано, що українським підприємствам варто перейти від першого i другого етапів формування нефінансової звітності до 3-го вирішального етапу — формування інтегрованої звітності.
Доведено, що для активного залучення до формування нефінансової звітності в Україні бізнесовими структурами відповідно до Цілей сталого розвитку Глобального договору ООН потрібно об’єднати зусилля між аграрним бізнесом, органами державної влади і громадою (активними учасниками соціальних проблем) для стратегічного функціонування бізнесу в контексті холізму й збалансування на основі розв’язання соціальних проблем, підвищення рівня добробуту населення і досягнення соціального ефекту.
Ключові слова: соціальна (нефінансова) звітність, локальна соціальна відповідальність, стейкхолдери, інтегрована звітність, аграрний сектор.
Формул: 0; рис.: 3; табл.: 3; бібл.: 19.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF PROCEDURAL AND FINANCIAL (BANKING) FUSE OF THE IMMUNITY OF PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Kantsir V. , Kushpit V. , Palyukh A. , Tsylyuryk I. , Kantsir I.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to analysis of the effectiveness of the main procedural legal and financial (banking) mechanisms designed to ensure the protection of property rights’ immunity. The legally regulated procedures of such protection are analyzed on platforms — both procedural and legal as well as financial and economic. There is no doubt that only in a state where the immunity of property is declared and guaranteed to the person can be provided the development of economic, intellectual, socially oriented activities. The effect of the principle of immunity of property rights is not absolute, but its restrictions are possible only on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by law.
The topicality of the inviolability of property rights is due to the role of law as a platform for citizens’ property independence and their participation in the processes of social reproduction. The guarantee of property independence is the right of ownership of property and non-property rights, which is realized by giving a person the right to freely, unimpededly, and fully exercise the rights of the owner of personal property. The compliance of the inviolability of property rights during criminal proceedings is not properly ensured in the current CPC (The Criminal Procedure Code) of Ukraine; in particular, the movement of confiscated property is not regulated, which questions the novelty of inviolability. To improve the procedure for the protection of property rights, this is necessary to regulate at the legislative level the mechanism of protection and restoration of property rights of persons victimized by criminal offenses.
The etymology of «inviolability» guarantees by law the protection of the status of the person from any encroachment. Inviolability in the economic and legal context is mainly understood as a person’s legal status, which is an unalterable guarantee against unauthorized restrictions by the state institutions — law enforcement, financial, court, and individuals and legal entities.
An attempt is made to accumulate most of the latest achievements (both legislative, theoretically investigative and applied) on the issues of legal regulation of the studied financial and legal relations, based on which scientific views are substantiated, and proposals are developed to improve regulations in this area.
The main vectors of economic and legal mechanisms for the protection of the inviolability of property rights, which would correlate with generally accepted European and world standards, have been identified.
Keywords: the inviolability of property rights, property rights, principles of proceedings, judicial protection, seizure of property, financial guarantee, financial risks.
JEL Classification G28; К14
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 12.
Simulation of the use of porous pavement and infiltration trench in public spaces supporting mobility
Authors: Montagna Talita , Vieira Rafaela , Kaufmann Vander , Pinheiro Adilson , Paulo Michel Gean
Published: May 2021

The use of sustainable techniques to the basic infrastructure of a city is a way of win back public spaces. This study evaluates the impacts of public spaces supporting mobility. We give focus to areas constructed with porous pavement and integrated with infiltration trenches and hydrological processes. The hydrological simulation was performed with a SWAT model. The hydrographic basin has 54.05 km² and the area of excess flows' control is 0.66 km². The peak flow damping was 1.84%, and the surface runoff represented 2.82% of the water depth over the simulated period. We observed a maximum reduction of 7.9% in the height of the water layer for isolated events. We found positive results in the dampening of the peak flow in the basin exhaust and water flow reduction at the superficial runoff.
Cultural sustainability and community water management in coastal Ecuador: jagüeyes or albarradas and small dams or detention ponds
Authors: Litben Silvia Graciela Álvarez
Published: May 2021

The objective of this article is to highlight the sustainability capacity of pre-Columbian water management systems called jagüeyes or albarradas (detention ponds) compared with modern technologies like dams which are used today in coastal Ecuador. These are compared using interdisciplinary field research, which included ethnographic fieldwork with an observation of participative action projects and a literature review. In the case of tapes (arroyo or small river dams made by farmers or farm owners), the lack of participation and inclusion of social actors and their cultural knowledge about nature is evident. This regional study underlines how the albarradas system achieves long-term sustainability because it is an appropriate technology for the local communal ecosystem with which it is associated. This experience opens up the opportunity to explore the difference between what is currently promoted as sustainability and an alternative form of sustainability which introduces the sociocultural strand in public actions on environmental intervention.
When the earth stood still: air pollution during the Covid-19 quarantine – the case of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Junkes Janaína Accordi , Teixeira Cavalcante de Lima Tainá , Francesca Carvalho Oliveira França Giulia , Freitas Rodrigues Diego
Published: May 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the new coronavirus (COVID-19). Several countries responded to this threat by introducing quarantine measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. These measures have drastically reduced human activities, causing an impact on urban air pollution due to the associated reduction in automobile use and other polluting activities. We investigated this effect with measurements of Particulate Material (PM10), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3), carried out by the environmental departments of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, for two months in 2020. We compared them with data for the corresponding months in 2019, relating to the social isolation index, measured by the Mathematics and Statistic Institute of São Paulo (IME-USP). The results show a significant decrease in NO2 and CO and an increase in O3, and little change in Particulate Material.