bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Affective Polarization
Authors: Torcal Mariano , Harteveld Eelco
Published: November 2024

Contemporary democracies appear to be characterized by rising levels of antipathy, tribalism, intolerance, and negative emotions between citizens with opposing political views. This phenomenon, recently conceptualized as affective polarization, refers to the tendency of individuals to favor their own partisan group while harboring negative sentiments toward opposing groups. This Handbook provides an overview of the phenomenon of affective polarization. Each chapter takes stock of a subfield of affective polarization studies by describing the state of the art of the literature, providing a theoretical framework, and proposing avenues for further research. The handbook has six sections: I. Concepts and theory; II. Operationalization; III. Affective polarization around the world; IV. Origins of affective polarization; V. Consequences of affective polarization; and VI. Solutions.
Advancements in Computer Vision: Exploring Deep Learning and Transformer-Based Models for Enhanced Visual Perception
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Yajnavalkya
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in computer vision have significantly transformed various industries, from healthcare to autonomous driving. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of these developments, with a particular focus on deep learning and transformer-based models. We explore the fundamental concepts and methodologies, including feature extraction, classification, segmentation, and object detection. The paper also highlights the evolution of computer vision frameworks and tools, emphasising the contributions of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative models, and transfer learning. Additionally, we discuss emerging trends such as vision transformers and multimodallearning, while acknowledging persistent challenges like data scarcity and realtime processing. Through an in-depth analysis, we aim to provide scholars and professionals with a detailed understanding of the current state and future prospects of computer vision. The paper further examines specific applications in healthcare, autonomous cars, retail, agriculture, and security, illustrating how computer vision technologies are redefining established practices and enhancing decision-making capabilities.
Energy Relativity and its Implications on the Energy Conservation Principle
Authors: Segal Moshe
Published: November 2024

A corner stone of Physics is the Energy Conservation principle which states that the Energy is always conserved and that the Energy, embedded in the whole Universe, cannot disappear or be created from nothing. This should imply that the Total amount of the Energy, which is embedded in the whole Universe, must be a constant value. However, Humans are not able to devise means or experiments which will provide the exact amount of the Energy embedded in the whole Universe, which implies that Humans are not able to devise means or experiments which will conclude, with complete validity, that the amount of the Energy embedded in the whole Universe, can be indeed represented by a constant value. The above implies that Humans are not able to provide a proof for the Energy Conservation Principle, which means, that the Energy Conservation Principle is presented only as an axiom, even though, it is a corner stone of the nowadays Science of Physics. Thus, in view of the above, this paper tries to examine the extent of the validity that Humans can attribute, to the Energy Conservation Principle. Initially, this paper tries to explore, if the evaluation of the amount of Energy, only in certain specific Energy components, in the Universe, will result in the evaluations of the same Energy amounts, by any Human evaluator, or, if separate Human evaluators might arrive at different results, relating to the Total Energy Content, of these certain several specific Energy components, which they evaluated. Thus, in view of the above, this paper provides significant arguments that two separate Humans, evaluating the Total Energy Content of certain several specific Energy components, in the Universe, might arrive at different results, relating to this Total Energy Content, of these several specific Energy components, which they evaluated. 1 The above implies that Energy evaluations by Humans is relative to the specific Human evaluating that Energy. Moreover, this paper also provides significant arguments that Humans that evaluate the amount of Energy in specific Energy components, and then experience an Acceleration, and following this Acceleration end up in an Inertial Frame of Reference which is moving at a different velocity, as compared to the velocity that existed in the Inertial Frame of Reference, in which these Humans resided, before they experienced the above mentioned Acceleration, will change their evaluations, as related to the amount of Energy embedded in the same above mentioned Energy components. The above further supports the conclusion, presented above, that Energy evaluations by Humans is relative to the specific Human evaluating that Energy. The paper then elaborates on the Implications of what was presented above, on the Energy Conservation Principle.
Global identification of solid waste methane super emitters using hyperspectral satellites
Authors: Zhang Xin , Maasakkers Joannes , Roger Javier , Guanter Luis , Sharma Shubham , Lama Srijana , Tol Paul , Varon Daniel , Cusworth Daniel , Howell Kate , Thorpe Andrew , Brodrick Phillip , Aben Ilse
Published: November 2024

Solid waste disposal facilities are the third largest anthropogenic source of methane, and mitigating their emissions is crucial for addressing global climate change. We combine three high-resolution (30–60 m) hyperspectral satellite imagers (EMIT, EnMAP, and PRISMA) to quantify and monitor emissions from 38 disposal sites. These facilities are selected based on urban methane hot spots identified by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Comparisons show the three imagers give consistent emissions estimates, with EMIT and EnMAP having a better sensitivity to landfill methane emissions than PRISMA. Total observed methane emissions from the 38 facilities add up to 230 ± 15 t h-1, representing 5% of global solid waste emissions reported in inventories. Our estimates for these landfills exceed the facility-level Climate TRACE and city-level WasteMAP inventories by factors of 1.8 and 6.3, respectively. On the other hand, we only find emission plumes from 9 of the 20 highest-emitting landfills in the Climate TRACE dataset, suggesting that site-specific practices affect emissions in ways that are difficult to capture by inventories. We further show that multi-month hyperspectral observations allow us to explore potential spatial and temporal emission variations, as well as possible links to landfill operations. With an estimated 1 t h-1 detection limit, our hyperspectral system could detect and quantify up to 60% of global landfill methane emissions, according to the Climate TRACE distribution of landfill emissions. This highlights hyperspectral imaging's potential to monitor global landfill methane, expanding upon current satellite capabilities designed for methane observation.
Using artificial neural networks to reveal the human confidence computation
Authors: Shekhar Medha , Rafiei Farshad , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: November 2024

Humans can evaluate the accuracy of their decisions by providing confidence judgements. Traditional cognitive models have tried to capture the mechanisms underlying this process but remain mostly limited to two-choice tasks with simple stimuli. How confidence is given for naturalistic stimuli with multiple choice alternatives is not well understood. We recently developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model – RTNet – that exhibits several important signatures of human decision making and outperforms existing alternatives in predicting human responses. Here, we use RTNet’s image computability to test four different confidence strategies on a task involving digit discrimination with eight alternatives. Specifically, we tested confidence strategies that consider the entire evidence distribution across choices (Softmax and Entropy), the difference between the winning choice and the second-best choice (Top2Diff), or only the evidence for the winning choice (Positive Evidence). Across 60 subjects, the Top2Diff model provided the best quantitative and qualitative fits to the data and the best predictions of humans’ image-by-image confidence ratings. These results support the notion that human confidence is based on the difference of evidence between the top two choices and demonstrate that Softmax – currently the standard way of deriving confidence from CNNs – is inadequate for modelling human confidence computations.
The Spurious Prospective Associations Model (SPAM): Explaining longitudinal associations due to statistical artifacts
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Bo , Nilsonne Gustav
Published: November 2024

Analysis of longitudinal data often relies on models which can be prone to statistical artifacts. We have previously shown that several published prospective associations can be explained by a combination of a general association between constructs, imperfect measurement reliability, and regression to the mean. Here, we formalize our analysis of this type of statistical artifact and introduce the Spurious Prospective Associations Model (SPAM). We show that the SPAM performs better than adjusted cross-lagged effects models to explain several observed prospective associations, including a new example involving loneliness and social anxiety, without assuming any true increasing or decreasing effects between constructs over time. Moreover, unlike the models we challenge, the SPAM is consistent with seemingly paradoxical findings indicating simultaneous increasing and decreasing effects between constructs. We conclude that the SPAM agrees well with observed data and is better supported than competing adjusted cross-lagged effects models in the cases investigated here.
Algorithmic Aesthetics: Cognitive Perspectives on AI-Generated Art
Authors: Bara Ionela , Darda Kohinoor Monish , Ramsey Richard , Cross Emily S.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has proliferated across various domains, ranging from advertising and social media to the generation of artwork for presentation at esteemed art exhibitions and for sale on the art auction market. Despite its growing prevalence, empirical data show that people maintain a clear bias against AI-generated art. Here we explore why this bias might exist, and whether its existence dooms the eventual acceptance and even celebration of art generated by artificial means. We do this by bringing together recent empirical evidence from the disciplines of neuroaesthetics, social cognition, art history, and human-machine interaction to develop several new perspectives that are ripe for empirical evaluation. Given the growing momentum and outlook of AI-generated art in today’s society, our aim with this paper is to provide novel evidence-based propositions for understanding the relationship between art and artificial intelligence with a clear focus on social cognitive neuroscience perspectives.
A Model of the 2024 Presidential Election with Candidate Quality
Authors: DeLuca Kevin
Published: November 2024

I introduce a new model for predicting presidential election outcomes, using it to forecast the two-party Democratic vote share and the electoral college results for the 2024 election. The national two-party vote share prediction builds on the economic fundamentals model from Fair (2009), enhanced by incorporating a candidate quality differential measure based on newspaper endorsements from DeLuca (2024), resulting in what I call the Economy-Quality Model. According to this model, Kamala Harris is projected to win the popular vote with 52.5% of the two-party vote share, approximately 1.5-2 points higher than most other forecasts and polling averages. I then calculate each state’s deviation from the national vote share (its relative Democratic or Republican lean) based on recent high-quality polling, adding these deviations to the Economy-Quality Model’s national prediction to derive state-level predictions and electoral college results. The model forecasts Kamala Harris winning the electoral college with 319 votes.
Towards Definitive Categories for Online Video Game Money Laundering
Authors: Higgs James , Flowerday Stephen
Published: November 2024

Purpose — This paper aims to investigate how best to classify money laundering through online video games (i.e. virtual laundering). Currently, there is no taxonomy available for scholars and practitioners to refer to when discussing money laundering through online video games. Without a well-defined taxonomy it becomes difficult to reason through, formulate and implement effective regulatory measures, policies and security controls. As such, efforts to prevent and reduce virtual laundering incidence rates are hampered.Design/methodology/approach — This paper proposes three mutually exclusive virtual launderingcategorizations. However, instead of fixating on the processes undergirding individual instances of virtual laundering, it is argued that focusing on the initial locale of the illicit proceeds provides the appropriate framing within which to classify instances of virtual laundering. Thus, the act of classification becomes an ontological endeavor, rather than an attempt at elucidating an inherently varied process (as is common of the placement, layering and integration model).Findings — This paper proposes three mutually exclusive virtual laundering categorizations. However, instead of fixating on the processes undergirding individual instances of virtual laundering, it is argued that focusing on the initial locale of the illicit proceeds provides the appropriate framing within which to classify instances of virtual laundering. Thus, the act of classification becomes an ontological endeavor, rather than an attempt at elucidating an inherently varied process (as is common of the placement, layering and integration model).Originality/value — To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first taxonomy available in theknowledge base that systematically classifies instances of virtual laundering. The taxonomy is available for scholars and practitioners to use and apply when discussing how to regulate and formulate legislation, policies and appropriate security controls.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of treatments used in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jaymin S Chaudhari  , Manish N Solanki  , Chetna K Desai
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now one of the top three causes of death worldwide. Despite the availability of various kinds of treatments, there is a paucity of data regarding potential treatment for COPD.
Aims and Objectives: This study has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatments used for COPD.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study was carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 105 patients were included and divided into two treatment groups: Group budesonide+formoterol (BF) and group fluticasone+salmeterol (FS) based on the treatment they received. Patients’ details were recorded in a pre-defined case record form. Effectiveness was evaluated and compared between the two treatment groups in terms of the number of exacerbations experienced, the mean reduction in COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and the mean change in forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV1%) at the end of the study period. Safety was assessed by recording adverse drug reactions.
Results: Out of a total of 105 patients with COPD, 67 (63.80%) patients belonged to group BF and 38 (36.19%) patients belonged to group FS. Twenty-seven (40.30%) patients from Group BF (n=67) and 18 (47.37%) patients from group FS (n=38) developed exacerbations. No statistically significant difference between group BF and group FS was observed in terms of mean reduction in CAT score (P= 0.17) as well as mean change in FEV1% (P=0.38) from baseline to the end of 6 months of treatment.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that inhalational corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonist combinations such as BF and FS are equally effective in terms of reduction in frequency and severity of exacerbation, reduction in CAT score, and improvement in lung functions (FEV1%).
Instilling leadership skills in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Anuja Bhargava  , Faiz SM  , Srivastava Saurabh , Gupta Rajeev Krishna , Sharma Himanshu , Aneesh Basheer  , Farzana Mahdi
Published: November 2024

Background: Leadership is the behavior of an individual when directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal. In the health-care system, doctors’ responsibilities extend beyond clinical treatment. They should be efficient to lead a team in the patient care setting and within the broader framework of health-care systems. Good medical leadership is vital in delivering high-quality health care. Incorporating leadership skills in medical undergraduates will help them act as leaders and members of the health-care team.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to enhance leadership skills and to assess the improvement in leadership skills of the participating medical undergraduate students.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, medical undergraduate students posted in otorhinolaryngology clinics took part in various activities in two subsequent community otorhinolaryngology programs. Students were given different roles and responsibilities in the community programs to improve their leadership skills. Students filled out a pre- and post-activity self-assessment leadership trait questionnaire form for each community program.
Results: 88 students participated in the study. The overall percentage leadership score increased significantly from the first pre-activity questionnaire (Q1) to the first post-activity questionnaire (Q2) (P<0.001) and from the first pre-activity questionnaire (Q1) to the second post-activity questionnaire (Q4) (P<0.001). All 14 traits showed significant grade changes from pre-activity to post-activity questionnaire.
Conclusion: Well-designed and well-evaluated leadership curricula are necessary to help undergraduate medical students develop leadership skills. Undergraduate medical education provides an ideal setting to introduce leadership competencies. This study highlights community engagement as a potent method for the delivery of medical leadership training.
A cross-sectional study on cardiac autonomic functions and inflammatory markers in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Ayasha Nishad  , Abhishek Tiwari  , Waqas Alauddin  , Prajakta Radke
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex multisystem disease that affects around 1 million of the Indian population every year and is characterized by persistent fatigue. CFS is related to cardiovascular illness, and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system dysfunction is often seen. We investigated the state of cardiac autonomic function in CFS and associated it with their level of inflammatory markers and disease severity since there is not much research on the subject.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate cardiac autonomic functions by using heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CFS and in healthy controls. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HRV and inflammatory markers in patients with CFS and in healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: Thirty controls and 30 diagnosed cases of CFS were used in the research. The short-term variability of heart rate was used to measure autonomic function. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-10) in 3 mL of overnight fasting serum. TNF-α and IL-10 were used to evaluate the severity of CFS.
Results: Patients with CFS showed a substantial reduction in low frequency (LF) (P=0.00*), high frequency (HF) (P=0.00*), LF/HF ratio (P=0.00*), and time domain parameters of HRV, namely RMSSD (P=0.03*), SDNN (P=0.00*), NN50 (P=0.00*) and total power (P=0.00*). Patients with CFS had considerably higher levels of TNF-α. TNF-α and LF/HF ratio and RMSSD, NN50, and HF were shown to have a substantially favorable correlation.
Conclusions: Our research indicates a substantial correlation between autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity, as well as the severity of CFS. Therefore, we suggest that HRV might be a useful technique for accurately screening CFS patients for autonomic disruption symptoms early on, which can significantly lower morbidity and death in the future.
Predictive superiority of abdominal obesity measures over body mass index in Indian hypertensive adults
Authors: Gupta Prakhar , Meena Kamal , Gupta Aankury , Gavli Jai
Published: November 2024

Background: Obesity has emerged as an epidemic and is known to be associated with multiple co-morbidities, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Body-mass index (BMI) has been traditionally used to assess obesity in an individual but abdominal obesity markers are being claimed to have a stronger association with adverse cardiovascular outcome as compared to BMI. However, there are only a few studies that have evaluated these indices in Asian Indians.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to compare BMI and waist measurement based indices among hypertensive adults and their association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The secondary objectives were to determine any gender-based differences among anthropometric indices and improved predictability on adding waist-based indices to BMI.
Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted to analyse association of anthropometric indices such as BMI, A body shape index (ABSI), Waist–hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Lean body mass-to-weight ratio, and Waist circumference (WC), with risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indian hypertensive adults.
Results: In total, 400 participants were included and female subjects were noted to have higher prevalence of obesity in our study population. Only 33.25% patients had BMI in recommended range and the numbers were even lower for WHtR and WHR. BMI and ABSI were found to have a weak association with development of co-morbidities while measures of abdominal obesity such as WHR, WC, and WHtR were found to have consistently strong association with CVA and CAD with high sensitivity and negative predictive values.
Conclusion: More accurate markers of abdominal obesity can help in better assessment of cardiovascular risk among high-risk population to improve the overall outcome. Easy to use, outpatient-based markers such as WC, WHR, and WHtR appear to be better than BMI in risk assessment.
Implementation status of Health and Wellness Centers in a community development block of West Bengal: A mixed-method study
Authors: Soumik Dandapat  , Raston Mondal  , Pramit Goswami  , Pranita Taraphdar  , Arif Hossain  , Suman Sannigrahi
Published: November 2024

Background: Ayushman Bharat is a Flagship Program in India to deliver an expanded range of free health-care services to all. Despite quality health care being a fundamental human right, rural India still grapples with its accessibility. To address this, the Indian Government aims to transform government primary health-care facilities into Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) for comprehensive health-care delivery.
Aims and Objectives: This study was done to assess the implementation status of HWCs and to explore the challenges faced by service providers during service delivery in the Bhatar Community Development block of Purba Bardhaman district.
Materials and Methods: A facility-based, mixed-method study was conducted in Bhatar block, West Bengal from October 22 to February 23. For quantitative component, the implementation status of 12 HWCs was assessed using the national quality assurance standard checklist. For qualitative component, in-depth interview with Community Health Officers (CHOs) was done to explore the constraints.
Results: Among 12 HWCs, 8 (66.67%) scored satisfactorily (≥70%) in overall score. Service provision, clinical services, infection control, and output were among the 8 areas of concern where all HWCs scored satisfactorily (≥60%) while input scored lowest (mean [SD] - 60.58 [9.53]). Among 12 themes, elderly and palliative health care, emergency medical services, and management of mental health ailments were lowest scoring with no HWC crossing satisfactory score (≥70%). Thematic analysis revealed that inadequate infrastructure, resource constraints, administrative and managerial constraints, lack of motivation and inadequate health promotion, and community participation were major constraints faced.
Conclusion: Various challenges need to be addressed, including improving infrastructure, enhancing access to medicines and supplies, providing adequate training to CHOs, and increasing community participation.
Numerical Study of Double-Diffusive Mixed Convection Flow in Channel with Hybrid Nanofluid in Porous Medium
Authors: Jaber Karrar Kadhim , Al-Farhany Khaled , Hamzah Dhafer A. , Al-Kouz Wael
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this work is to investigate numerically double-diffusive mixed convection flow in a channel filled with a hybrid nanofluid of Cu-Al2O3 in a porous media. It is considered that the cavity's left wall is continuously heated. The fluid flow enters the channel at low concentration and temperature. This work has been looked into two cases: Case 1, where it is supposed that the left wall cavity has high concentrations, and Case 2, where it is expected that the right wall cavity has high concentrations. The cavity's remaining walls are impermeable and thermally insulated. Non-dimension governing equations are solved with the finite element method. Parameters effects of Reynolds number(10≤Re≤100), Richardson number (2≤Ri≤10), Darcy number (Da=10-2,10-4), Lewis number (1≤Le≤5), buoyancy ratio, N=1, the solid volume fraction (ϕ=0.02),  and Prandtl number (Pr=6.2). The results show that increasing Reynolds, Richardson, and Darcy numbers increases the average Nusselt while it decreases by increasing Lewis number. In addition, Sherwood numbers increase with increasing Reynolds, Lewis, and Darcy numbers while they decrease with Richardson numbers for both cases. When the Reynolds number increases from 10 to 50 at (Da=10-4) and (Ri =10), the Nusselt number increases by 102%, while the Sherwood number decreases to 72%.
Performance of Agricultural Wastes as A Biofilter Media for Low-Cost Greywater Treatment Technology
Authors: K. Abaas Ebtesam , Atalah K. Ali Seroor
Published: November 2024

Iraq currently faces an absence of water, worsened by population growth. As a result, if new water sources are not supplied, the country's yearly per capita water supply will decrease. This study developed a simple, promising, and economical method for on-site greywater treatment, employing agricultural waste as a biofilter medium and irrigation water in rural Iraqi areas. Experiments were carried out in this study to evaluate the multimedia filter device's efficacy in treating greywater. Three bioreactor columns were filled to the necessary height with various substrates—wood chipsBTF1, rice huskBTF2, and date palm fiberBTF3 at different operation conditions. The pollutant removal efficiency (Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total suspended solids, nitrate, and Phosphorous) for BTF1 was 61.6, 70.3, 45 and 42.45, for BTF2, it was 65.7, 43, 50.21%, and 55%. And for BTF3, it was 63.3, 75.6, 55, and 52.52, respectively. Rice husk is the most effective medium for eliminating pollutants, and using agricultural wastes as biofilter media could be a promising option for greywater treatment, especially in rural areas that lack sanitation services and produce a high amount of this waste annually.
Recognition of Underwater Acoustic Radar Signals Based on Multiresolution and Dense Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Oday Fahad Taqwa , Hussien Miry Abbass , Al-Gizi Ammar , Miry Mohammed Hussein , Talib Razzooqee Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Recognizing underwater objects based on radiated noise information is one of the most crucial issues in underwater acoustics. Underwater acoustic target signals are altered by elements such as the undersea environment and the ship's operational circumstances; hence, generalizing the recognition model is crucial. Most conventional Machine Learning (ML) algorithms often encounter difficulties when dealing with the costly recognition model for massive data analysis. However, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can automatically extract features for precise categorization. DenseNet is a powerful CNN network, but it has a data duplication problem, so in this paper, an approach using multi-resolution with a dense CNN model for underwater acoustic radar signal detection is proposed to overcome the DensNet problem. At first, the wavelet decomposition with different levels is applied to the input signal to represent the suitable data. The decomposed signals are inputs to the dense CNN. Our detection approach beats other CNN models and achieves an overall accuracy of 99.5% at 0 dB SNR based on experimental findings evaluated on a real-world passive sonar data set.
Enhancement of Roadway Embankment Using Geofoam Blocks and Cement Columns: Application of Three-Dimensional Plaxis Program
Authors: Ahmed Alkaissi Zainab
Published: November 2024

Enhancement of roadway embankment utilizing several techniques, such as cement columns and applying EPS (expanded polystyrene) Geofoam blocks as subbase materials, helps develop the efficiency of embankment performance under the applied traffic loading for local materials. A PLAXIS 3D (ver.20) finite element program is used for the simulation models of roadway embankments. The results showed that applying the cement column reduced the vertical deformation of the roadway embankment to (50mm) corresponding to approximately (58%) of the reference model. The EPS Geofoam blocks highly lowered the vertical deformation to (20mm) about (83%) of the reference model to those in the cement column. The EPS Geofoam blocks provide a convenient solution for improving the roadway embankment with an (83%) reduction in maximum vertical displacement and sustaining traffic loading on the pavement. The reduction in displacement is well done by utilizing the EPS Geofoam blocks in a granular layer of pavement embankment. The EPS Geofoam blocks acted better in reducing vertical stresses (about 22%) higher than the cement column. This benefits the use of EPS Geofoam blocks in the base layer to enhance roadway embankment against failure.
Optimizing Diode Laser Performance: Effective Noise Reduction in a Three-Dimension Printing Machine
Authors: F. Farhan Mohammed , Salman Suhad D. , Leman Z. , Alkbir M.F.M. , Januddi Fatihhi
Published: November 2024

أصبحت طابعات الليزر خيارًا شائعًا للشركات والمكاتب المنزلية، ولكنها قد تسبب إزعاجًا كبيرًا. لكن يُمكن تحسين ضوضاء طابعات الليزر من خلال ضبط مكوناتها وتحليلها. للحد من الضوضاء التي تنبعث من طابعات الليزر ثلاثية الأبعاد، يُعتبر تحسين مكونات الطابعة أمرًا بالغ الأهمية. يُمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال ضبط مكونات الطابعة وتحليل الضوضاء المتولدة عنها.
في هذا البحث، تم تصميم وتصنيع طابعة ليزر تستخدم تقنية الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمواد المختلفة. تم استخدام لوحة البرمجة وRaspberry Pi 4  كنظام تحكم ولوحة ذكاء اصطناعي للتحكم في عملية الطباعة بالليزر. علاوة على ذلك، يُقدم هذا البحث طريقة لتحسين الضوضاء الصادرة من طابعات الليزر. تتضمن هذه الطريقة ضبط مكونات الطابعة وتحليل مستويات الضوضاء المتولدة. يُمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال تعديل قيم السرعة والتسارع للجهاز دون التأثير على الدقة.
تم قياس مستويات الضوضاء باستخدام جهاز قياس الضوضاء، وأظهرت النتائج أنه يُمكن تقليل الضوضاء بشكل كبير من خلال تعديلات في التسارع وبعض المكونات مثل محركات الحركة. تم مقارنة النتائج وتحليلها باستخدام برمجيات التحليل. استُخدمت نتائج الاختبارات لتحديد المكونات التي تسبب أكبر مستوى من الضوضاء ولتحديد قيم التسارع المثلى.
أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنه من الممكن بشكل كبير تقليل مستويات الضوضاء من خلال ضبط مكونات طابعات الليزر. كما أشارت النتائج إلى أنه يُمكن تحقيق تقليل أكبر في مستويات الضوضاء من خلال مجموعة من تعديلات المكونات واستخدام مواد مخففة للضوضاء.
Implementasi Euclidean Distance dan Segmentasi K-Means Clustering Pada Identifikasi Citra Jeruk Nipis
Authors: Wirdawati Wira , Yulihartati Sandra , Ramadhanu Agung
Published: November 2024

Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) adalah buah kecil yang berasal dari Asia Tenggara dan dikenal luas karena aroma dan rasa asamnya. Buah ini memiliki berbagai manfaat kesehatan dan masakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan algoritma Euclidean Distance dan segmentasi citra dengan K-Mean Clustering pada identifikasi citra jenis Jeruk Nipis berdasarkan ciri bentuk dan teksturnya. Algoritma K-Mean Clustering digunakan untuk memisahkan antara Foreground dan Background pada citra. Objek tersebut akan diekstraksi cirinya berdasarkan bentuk dan ciri tekstur dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Segmentasi citra merupakan langkah penting dalam pengolahan citra. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada dua warna jeruk nipis hijau  dan jeruk nipis kuning. Proses segmentasi dimulai dengan tahap praproses citra, seperti konversi ke ruang warna Lab* untuk meningkatkan ketepatan segmentasi berdasarkan komponen warna. Algoritma K-Means Clustering digunakan untuk membagi citra menjadi beberapa kluster yang masing-masing mewakili segmen berbeda dari citra jeruk nipis. Hasil segmentasi dievaluasi untuk memastikan kluster yang terbentuk mampu memisahkan objek jeruk nipis dengan akurat dari latar belakang.  Maka didapatkan hasil ekstraksi ciri pada Metric adalah 0,95965 menunjukan hasil yang sangat baik, pada Eccentricity 0,18568 menunjukan  Ukuran eksentrisitas objek menggambarkan Nilai yang Sempurna. untuk Contrast 0,02922 merupakan nilai yang cukup rendah, pada Correlation tingkat keteraturan atau hubungan antara piksel dalam citra bernilai 0.99448 mendekati 1 dan dapat diartikan memiliki nilai yang baik , untuk Energy 0,67743 Cukup tinggi yang menunjukkan tekstur yang lebih seragam. untuk Homogeneity Keseragaman intensitas Pixel dalam Citra memiliki nilai yang cukup tinggi yaitu  0,99201. fitur-fitur ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi citra berdasarkan karakteristik yang relevan.
Regional practices in conducting sociolinguistic and monitoring research, as well as language forecasting and planning in the field of preservation and development of the native languages ​​of the peoples of Russia.
Authors: Lekhanov Spartak Borisovich
Published: November 2024

The article presents an overview of modern regional practices aimed at preserving and developing the native languages of the peoples of Russia. The concepts of ‘language forecasting’ and ‘language planning’ are revealed and the necessity of sociolinguistic and monitoring research is emphasized, the results of which can become the basis for formulating recommendations for public authorities, educational institutions and public organizations working in the field of language policy.
Children's Education in the Metaverse Era: Between the Rapid Growth of Information Technology and Self-learning of Generation Z
Authors: Chalim Saifuddin , Usman Fadly , Rokhman Mauhibur , Rusydi Ibnu , Rahmat  , Zamawi Bahrudin
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of distance learning patterns during the pandemic has become an extraordinary leap and has significantly impacted the massive use of the internet in society. The digital era is an era where many human life activities are carried out online by minimizing social interaction, such as school with online learning, working in the office to working from home, organizational meetings via online meeting platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet, health consultations answered directly by doctors, as well as other activities that were rarely carried out before Covid-19. This research aims to determine children's learning patterns and behavior in the metaverse era. Meanwhile, the research method used is quantitative, with several approaches such as correlation between variables and the close relationship between one variable and another. The three groups of respondents in the study were early adults (>20 years), early adolescents (15-20) years and children (10-15 years). The research results show that at the age of children, smartphone use and online activities are only limited to playing games and social media. Meanwhile, in their early teens, some are even starting to learn game-making through online platforms such as Roblox Studio. In early adulthood, which is the age of college education, smartphone use is not just about social media or online shopping; some even have digital wallets and crypto wallets, invest in cryptocurrency, and even actively use the creator's platform games and NFTs with payments via cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum, polygon, etc.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KRIPIK BAYAM CEMILAN MENJADI PRODUK YANG BERGUNA DAN SEHAT DIDESA PADEGAN MANGARAN
Authors: Azizah Nur , Shofan R Rahmat , Agusti Agusti , Sahwari Sahwari , Ayudha M Sri , Elfina Elfina
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pelatihan pembuatan kripik bayam sebagai produk yang berguna dan sehat di Desa Padegan Mangaran. Kripik bayam merupakan camilan populer yang memiliki potensi ekonomi dan nutrisi yang tinggi. Namun, kebanyakan kripik bayam yang ada di pasaran saat ini mengandung bahan tambahan dan pengawet yang tidak sehat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pelatihan praktis kepada masyarakat Desa Padegan Mangaran dalam pembuatan kripik bayam yang sehat. Pelatihan ini melibatkan penjelasan tentang seleksi bayam yang baik, teknik pengolahan yang tepat, dan penggunaan bahan alami tanpa pengawet tambahan. Selain itu, pelatihan juga mencakup aspek kebersihan dan higienis dalam proses produksi kripik bayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan ini efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Padegan Mangaran dalam pembuatan kripik bayam yang sehat. Para peserta pelatihan mampu memilih bayam yang baik, mengolahnya dengan metode yang benar, dan menggunakan bahan alami untuk menghasilkan kripik bayam yang sehat dan lezat. Dampak dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat Desa Padegan Mangaran akan pentingnya memilih camilan yang sehat dan bebas bahan tambahan yang berbahaya. Selain itu, pelatihan ini juga memberikan alternatif ekonomi baru bagi masyarakat desa dalam mengembangkan usaha pembuatan kripik bayam yang sehat dan berkualitas. Kesimpulannya, pelatihan pembuatan kripik bayam sebagai produk yang berguna dan sehat di Desa Padegan Mangaran memiliki potensi yang besar untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan panduan praktis bagi masyarakat desa dalam memproduksi kripik bayam yang sehat dan dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan yang berkelanjutan.
ASPEK HUKUM PROSES BALIKNAMA TANPA DIKETAHUI LAGI PEMILIK ASAL DI DESA SUNGAI PINANG KECAMATAN TAMBANG ULANG KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
Authors: Maksum Maksum , Heriani Istiana , Ambarsari Ningrum
Published: November 2024

Sertipikat merupakan surat tanda bukti hak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 19 ayat (2) huruf c UUPA untuk hak atas tanah, hak pengelolaan, tanah wakaf, hak milik atas satuan rumah susun dan hak tanggungan yang masing-masing sudah dibukukan dalam buku tanah yang bersangkutan. Kepemilikan sertipikat menjadi bukti penguasaaan yuridis yang diikuti dengan penguasaan fisik bidang tanah. Sertipikat Hak Milik memiliki fungsi sebagai alat pembuktian kepemilikan hak atas tanah sekalipun pemegang hak tidak menguasai fisik objek hak atas tanahsecara konkret. Sementara itu, dalam suatu jual beli, dimana peralihan hak belum sempurna, pembeli dengan itikad baik harus dilindungi, meski kemudian diketahui bahwa penjual adalah orang yang tidak berhak. Pemilik asal hanya dapat mengajukan gugatan ganti rugi kepada penjual yang tidak berhak.Kata Kunci: Peralihan Hak, Sertifikat Hak Milik
MENGENALKAN APLIKASI CAD KEPADA PELAJAR TEKNIK OTOMOTIF DI SMKN-2 KAPUAS MURUNG
Authors: Rendi Rendi , Firman Muhammad , Hartadi Budi , Irfan Irfan
Published: November 2024

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan aplikasi CAD kepada pelajar teknik Otomotif di SMKN-2 Kapuas Murung. Metode dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode ceramah: Memberikan informasi umum mengenai dasar-dasar penggunaan AutoCad sebelum praktek langsung di komputer. Metode Demonstrasi dan Praktek secara langsung: Pemateri mendemonstrasikan perancangan dan pembuatan desain grafis menggunakan AutoCad, kemudian peserta berlatih membuat desain 2D dan 3D dengan fasilitas komputer dan bimbingan dari pemateri dan metode Bimbingan: Tim dari Program Studi Teknik Mesin memberikan pelayanan bimbingan kepada peserta selama pelatihan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini bahwa pelatihan AutoCAD berjalan dengan baik dan lancar. Peserta pelatihan dibekali dengan materi dasar AutoCAD, termasuk pengenalan fungsi-fungsi dan tombol-tombol keyboard, sistem koordinat, dan toolbar AutoCAD. Melalui tahapan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, praktek langsung, dan bimbingan, peserta dapat memahami dan mempraktikkan penggunaan AutoCAD untuk merancang komponen kendaraan secara efektif.
PEMANFAATAN CANGKANG TELUR SEBAGAI PESTISIDA DAN PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah , Kirnadi Ari Jumadi , Zuraida Ana , Gunawan Aam , Gazali Akhmad
Published: November 2024

Permasalahan yang sering kali muncul  dilingkungan Mitra adalah banyaknya limbah rumah tangga berupa cangkang telur yang tidak termanfaatkan.  Apabila permasalahan tersebut tidak dikelola dengan baik maka akan menimbulkan masalah yang lain lagi yaitu tercemarnya lingkungan dan juga lingkungan menjadi tidak bersih.  Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan pemanfaatan cangkang telur tersebut sebagai pestisida dan pupuk organik, karena Mitra adalah rata-rata petani sayur.Prioritas permasalah mitra adalah termanfaatkannya limbah cangkang telur menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi yaitu dengan memanfaatkan cangkang telur sebagai pestisida dan pupuk organik.Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara Kecamatan Liang Anggang Banjarbaru. Solusi dari permasalah mitra tersebut adalah 1) Pemanfaatan cangkang telur sebagai pestisida,   Mitra akan diberikan pengetahuan tentang manfaat cangkang telur sebagai pestisida yang ramah lingkungan dan murah; Mitra akan diberikan pengetahuan tentang cara pembuatan pestisida dan cara aplikasinya dilapangan dan penentuan dosisnya.  2) Pemanfaatan  cangkang telur sebagai pupuk organik, Mitra akan diberi pengetahuan dan teknologi pembuatan pupuk organik,  Mitra juga akan diberikan pengetahuan dan demontrasi cara perhitungan dosis serta cara aplikasinya pada tanaman sayuran milik mitra.
SOSIALISASI DAN EDUKASI CARA MENDAMPINGI ANAK DALAM PENGGUNAAN GADGET SESUAI USIA (STUDI KASUS PADA IBU-IBU KOMPLEK BERANGAS PERMATA INDAH)
Authors: Sari Mayang , Agustini Dian , Farida Muthia , Zamilah Ervica , Firdaus Muhammad Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi mengenai cara mendampingi anak dalam penggunaan gadget sesuai usia di komplek Berangas Permata Indah. Melalui metode pengumpulan data dan evaluasi, pada sosialisasi ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan tersebut berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan para orang tua tentang pentingnya peran mereka dalam mengatur penggunaan gadget anak-anak. Selain itu, terlihat adanya perubahan perilaku positif pada para orang tua dalam membatasi waktu penggunaan gadget dan memilih konten yang sesuai dengan usia anak-anak setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini. Dampak positif juga terlihat pada kesehatan dan perkembangan anak-anak, dengan peningkatan tidur, fokus, dan keterlibatan dalam aktivitas di dunia nyata setelah perubahan dalam penggunaan gadget. Keterlibatan komunitas dalam mendukung implementasi praktik-praktik yang disosialisasikan juga menunjukkan adanya dukungan yang kuat dari lingkungan sekitar. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, penelitian ini merekomendasikan kelanjutan kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi secara berkala, kolaborasi dengan lembaga pendidikan dan ahli psikologi anak, forum diskusi rutin antara orang tua, serta keterlibatan anak-anak dalam kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi untuk memastikan pemahaman dan perubahan perilaku yang berkelanjutan.Kata Kunci : Anak-Anak, Edukasi, Orang Tua, Penggunaan Gadget, Sosialisasi
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN INOVASI WIRAUSAHA STARTUP PADA PONDOK PESANTREN AL HIKMAH BANJARMASIN
Authors: Widyanti Rahmi , Vitria Aida , Husnurrofiq Husnurrofiq , Basuki Basuki
Published: November 2024

Business startup that is run both small and large with digital platform aims to make a profit. To find out the extent of the benefits derived from the business startup that is run requires careful managing. Managing of business startup is expenses and income must be done carefully so that the analysis and calculation of profit and loss of the business carried out with results that reflect the business potential.       Banjarmasin City are many schools including Pesantren Al Hikmah, a river cultural area, where most of the population (52%) live in small business fields and most (48%) of them (families) depend their livelihoods / livelihoods from the sea as traditional trading.       Finally, there has been an outreach and counseling about designing businesses startup by a group of students, but it has not provided adequate results. This is due to not doing a good business startup. Through community service activities it seeks to provide knowledge about how to manage their business with low price of a product so that it can benefit the producers.
PENYELENGGARAAN PELATIHAN PEMULASARAAN JENAZAH BAGI REGENERASI MUDA DI DESA CIKONENG KULON KECAMATAN GANEAS KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Maryati Delis Sri , Hayatunnufus Isye Octavia , Nurshobah Lilis , Hasanah Ira , Khoerudin Hasan , Syabila Nasya Aulia , Candrika Cindri , Rahmatillah Raka Rodlia , Hartati Tanti , Halimah Diana Putri Nuur , Gunawan Gunawan , Safari Evi Reyna , Karlina Karlina , Mustofa Jenal , Nismaya Dea Suci , Saputra Muhamad Farhan
Published: November 2024

Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dirancang dalam bentuk pelatihan penyelenggaraan tata cara pemulasaraan jenazah yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan secara langsung mengenai tata cara pelaksanaan pemulasaraan jenazah, sehingga dapat memberikan motivasi kepada masyarakat untuk terus belajar dan mengajak para kaum muda untuk mempelajarinya, karena kewajiban bagi yang hidup untuk mengurus orang yang sudah meninggal. Maka jika jenazah tersebut sampai terlantar, maka semua orang Islam yang ada di sekitar jenazah tersebut akan berdosa namun dalam kenyataannya masyarakat desa ke Cikoneng Kulon Kecamatan ganeas Kabupaten Sumedang mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari penerus untuk pemulasaraan jenazah sehingga perlu dilakukannya pelatihan kepada para remaja di desa ini, metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara metode ceramah dan praktek. Kemudian dengan diadakannya pelatihan terkait tata cara pemulasaraan jenazah ini, sehingga menimbulkan kaderkader baru di lingkungan desa Cikoneng Kulon melalui peran aktif masyarakat desa terutama pemuda pemudi maka diharapkan hasilnya bisa berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan perdesaan itu sendiri terutama pengembangan sumber daya manusia Desa ini sendiri.