bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interaction between Polymer Modifier and Asphalt
Authors: Wei Kuiling , Su Yue , Cao Xuejuan , Jiang Tianqiang , Deng Mei , Wu Yan
Published: April 2022

Polymer-modified asphalt has been widely used in the road engineering field because of its excellent physical and chemical properties compared to virgin asphalt. To investigate the intrinsic interaction between polymer modifier and virgin asphalt, the molecular dynamics simulation was used to analyze different modified asphalt systems. Firstly, the models of the polymer-modified asphalts were constructed according to a four-component analysis, and then changes of the intrinsic interaction and compatibility between two components were detected using the related simulation parameters. The results confirmed that the physical blending and chemical reaction were crucial factors leading to molecular interaction between the modifier and virgin asphalt, which directly determined the microphase separation of the modified asphalt. Moreover, the interaction was also varying with types of modified asphalt, which showed consistency with the experiment phenomenon. Based on these analyses, the results of the current work were conducive to serve for the modified asphalt technology.
Role Reversal to Facilitate Social & Moral Compassion
Authors: Namdar Bahadir , Namdar Ayşegül Oğuz
Published: April 2022

Supporting socioscientific decision-making skills in science classrooms is vital to the education of scientifically literate citizens. Character and values play a key role in accomplishing this fundamental goal of science education. However, students’ decisions about complex socioscientific issues often lack social and moral compassion. In this study, we advocate for the use of role reversal to facilitate such compassion. We illustrate our proposal by providing a lesson plan on the construction of hydroelectric power plants to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change.
Why Is There No Asian American Studies Program in Brooklyn College?
Authors:   Asian American Studies Project and The Mellon Transfer Student Research Program
Published: April 2022

This document provides a transcript of the documentary video produced by the Asian American Studies Project at Brooklyn College in 2021. The documentary was created through student research, led by faculty member Cherry Lou Sy, which interrogated the lack of Asian American Studies at their institution. The video collects reflections and observations from numerous students, faculty, and alumni advocating for the development of an Asian American Studies program and curriculum. Participants also reflect on their experiences as Asian Americans, their support for the program, and/or their understanding of why the college has not developed this area of study.
La pesadilla de la evaluación: Análisis de los sueños de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: López Gil Mónica , Gómez Ruiz Miguel Ángel , Vázquez Recio Rosa , Ruiz Romero Ana
Published: April 2022

Los sueños ayudan a recordar lo que aprendemos, a prepararnos para aprender más y a generar nuevas ideas. Los objetivos de esta investigación descriptiva son analizar la frecuencia y las temáticas de los sueños del alumnado universitario sobre su experiencia en el sistema educativo y profundizar en los tópicos más significativos. Han participado 312 estudiantes de dos grados de educación de la Universidad de Cádiz (España), analizándose un total de 1134 temáticas y descripciones de sueños que han sido recogidos mediante un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. Los resultados muestran que sueñan una vez por semana sobre su trayectoria escolar y que la mayoría de estos sueños son eminentemente negativos y giran en torno al ámbito de la evaluación, siendo los sueños más repetidos suspender y llegar tarde a exámenes. Estos resultados sirven para reflexionar, desde otro prisma, sobre el rumbo y las repercusiones de la evaluación en la educación formal.
Trabajo emocional con musicoterapia con una adolescente oncológica
Authors: Delgado Quintela Manela
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio pretende establecer si el trabajo emocional con una adolescente oncológica con musicoterapia (MT) puede facilitar el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales y favorecer una mejora en el estado anímico y de autoestima. Método: El tratamiento ha consistido en 8 sesiones de musicoterapia, de frecuencia quincenal con una duración de 60 minutos/sesión. Trabajo individual, en atención domiciliaria, con una adolescente oncológica. Se han medido distintos parámetros pre - post sesión, pre- post tratamiento y la evolución de sesión a sesión en las distintas áreas mediante distintos instrumentos ad hoc. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los datos recogidos sugieren que la musicoterapia puede facilitar la adquisición de competencias emocionales y facilitar un cambio de estado de ánimo que les permita gestionar mejor el momento vital el que se encuentran y llevar a cabo un trabajo de prevención en el futuro.
Evidence-based Therapy in Older Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Stolfo Davide , Sinagra Gianfranco , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: April 2022

Older patients are becoming prevalent among people with heart failure (HF) as the overall population ages. However, older patients are largely under-represented, or even excluded, from randomised controlled trials on HF with reduced ejection fraction, limiting the generalisability of trial results in the real world and leading to weaker evidence supporting the use and titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in older patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. This, in combination with other factors limiting the application of guideline recommendations, including a fear of poor tolerability or adverse effects, the heavy burden of comorbidities and the need for multiple therapies, classically leads to lower adherence to GDMT in older patients. Although there are no data supporting the under-use and under-dosing of HF medications in older patients, large registry-based studies have confirmed age as one of the major obstacles to treatment optimisation. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the contemporary state of implementation of GDMT in older groups and the reasons for the lower use of treatments, and discuss some measures that may help improve adherence to evidence-based recommendations in older age groups.
LEGAL PROVISION OF TECHNICAL REGULATION AS A KIND OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Smernytskyi D. V.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the legal support of technical regulation as a type of scientific activity. It is established that scientific activity is an intellectual creative activity aimed at obtaining new knowledge and (or) finding ways to apply them, the main types of which are basic and applied research. Scientific research and scientific and technical (experimental) developments conducted in order to obtain scientific, scientific and technical (applied) results are defined as scientific (scientific and technical) work, the main type of which is, including research work, as well as other work related to bringing new scientific and scientific and technical knowledge to the stage of practical use. The scientific result obtained in the process of applied scientific research may be in the form of a draft legal act, regulatory document or scientific and methodological documents. It is determined that in the field of technical regulation the normative-legal documents are mainly technical regulations. A technical regulation is a legal act that defines the characteristics of products or related processes and methods of production, including the relevant administrative provisions, compliance with which is mandatory. Regulatory documents to ensure technical regulation include documents that establish rules, guidelines or characteristics for the activity or its results, namely: national standards and codes of practice adopted by the national standardization body; standards, codes of practice and technical conditions adopted by enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out standardization. National standards, codes of practice and changes to them are developed on the basis of scientific achievements, knowledge and practice. It is investigated that technical regulation, defined as legal regulation of relations in the field of definition and fulfillment of obligatory requirements to product characteristics or related processes and production methods, as well as verification of their observance by conformity assessment and / or state market supervision and control nonfood products or other types of state supervision (control), can be attributed in general to the type of scientific activity in which the relevant regulations and regulations are developed.
DISTINCTION OF MINIMIZATION (OPTIMIZATION) OF TAXES FROM PREDICATE CRIMINAL OFFENCES IN THE TAXATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
Authors: Honcharuk V. L.
Published: April 2022

The article argues the expediency of considering the issue of distinguishing lawful conduct from predicate criminal offenses of evasion of legal obligations in the taxation system of Ukraine, which are committed in the framework of lawful economic activity. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the state’s economy can be negatively affected by acts committed in a manner not prohibited by law and are determined through the category of “minimization (optimization) of taxes”. It is argued that evasion and optimization on the basis of conscious and purposeful action coincide with the goal – to reduce the tax liability, and at the same time when evading a person consciously finds a way to achieve the goal for which there is a direct rule of criminal prohibition and wants socially dangerous consequences. Scientific provisions on the subjective side of a person’s behavior in reducing the tax burden by selected groups of methods and techniques of tax planning are revealed. There is emphasized the author`s approach for distinguishing features of underlined previously groups and methods by the subjective side of activity. The purpose of the study is to develop an author’s scientific approach to the separation of minimization (optimization) of taxes from predicate criminal offenses in the taxation system of Ukraine. It is concluded that when comparing groups of methods and ways to reduce the payment of tax liabilities should be borne in mind that it is the intent embodies the awareness of the actual nature of actions and awareness of their social significance, i.e. the degree of harmful effects on public relations. According to the intellectual component of intent in the commission of illegal acts, awareness of the public danger of the perpetrator occurs indirectly through the understanding of the public danger of acts of non-performance or improper performance of their legal duty. According to the volitional component of intent, its subject is not only socially dangerous actions, but also the corresponding negative consequences caused by them. The expression of will to use legal and illegal methods and means to achieve the goal of reducing the tax burden are purposeful, but different in nature. When qualifying actions aimed at reducing the tax burden should be borne in mind that certain expressions of will are causally related to mental processes occurring in her mind, and therefore the separation of minimization (optimization) of taxes from predicate criminal offenses in the taxation system of Ukraine a sign of the subjective side.
INADMISSIBILITY OF ABUSE OF PROCEDURAL RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM
OF PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Tymoshenko O. A.
Published: April 2022

The scientific work is devoted to the fundemental of civil procedure in Ukraine such as inadmissibility of abuse of procedural rights. The goal of our scientific research is definition of theoretic aspects of the princilple of inadmissibility of abuse of civil procedural rights, analisis of the main kinds and forms of such abuse, problems of legal reglamentation and realization of this fundemental and effective ways to overcome and prevent the abuse of procedural rights in civil procedure. The high level of this scientific research's actuality depends on different factors, bit we will admit the main ones: 1) the urgent need in Ukraine to supply the access to effective, as fast as possible (without unreasonble delays) justice against the backdropof european integration processes; 2) the large number of complaints against Ukraine to European Court of Human Rights because of violation right to a fair trial; 3)the direct connection between the effective realization of the right to a fair trial and the good faith conduct of parties in the civil case; 4) frequent cases of abuse of procedural rights by parties in the civil cases in order to delay the consideration of a case. The author researched the term of abuse of civil procedural rights through the Ukrainian laws and law doctrine. Also it was differed from other similar legal categories. There were defined the main kinds and forms of abuse of procedural rights in national legal practice. Also there were given the characteristics to the most popular kinds of abuse of procedural rights in Ukraine. The author paid attention to legal gears of overcomming of abuse of procedural rights in civil procedure in Ukraine.
ON PROBLEMATIC ISSUES RELATED TO REIMBURSEMENT OF LEGAL EXPENSES FOR PROFESSIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Riabov D. S.
Published: April 2022

In this article, the author offers his own author’s definition of the concept of “legal expenses in economic proceedings”, since the current economic procedural provisions lack this definition. Guided by the existing legal doctrine, the author suggests understanding this concept as material costs of participants in economic proceedings related to the resolution of legal disputes referred to the jurisdiction of the economic court, which encourage the parties to resolve the dispute out of court. In summary, this article is devoted to highlighting most of the legislative gaps related to reimbursement of legal expenses for professional legal assistance in economic proceedings. In particular, the problem of the absence in the Code of Commercial Procedure of Ukraine of a list of evidence (documents) confirming the fact of legal expenses for professional legal assistance incurred by a participant in economic proceedings, which may lead to a restriction of the right to reimburse for this type of legal expenses, is highlighted. It is emphasized that the list of evidence that confirms the fact of legal expenses for professional legal assistance incurred by a participant in economic proceedings should be determined by the procedural legislation rather than formed through the prism of judicial practice. It is determined that legislative criteria for a detailed description of works (services rendered) should be clearly established, which should comply with the Law of Ukraine “On Advocacy and Legal Practice”. Based on this, the article proposes to determine the procedure for writing a detailed description of works (services rendered) for each lawyer’s fee rate. It is emphasized to be inappropriate for the parties’ procedural obligation to submit to the court a preliminary (estimated) calculation of legal expenses incurred and expected to be incurred by the parties in connection with the consideration of a particular court case. In addition, this paper highlights the problems of the manifestation of excessive formalism principle in economic proceedings, which implies the court's authority to refuse reimbursement to the party in favor of which the court has founded of the legal expenses for professional legal assistance, if the party has not submitted a preliminary (estimated) calculation of legal expenses, but documented them.
PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURAL LAW, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROVISIONS OF THE DRAFT LAW “ON ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE”
Authors: Sharaia A. A.
Published: April 2022

The article describes the content of the principles of administrative procedural law, taking into account the provisions of the draft law “On Administrative Procedure”. It is substantiated that in the administrative-legal science the generally accepted concept of the principles of administrative-procedural law is not formed. This is the reason for discussions about their list and content, the role in the relevant sub-branch of administrative law. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study this basic concept of administrative law for branch science. Emphasis was placed on the need to adopt a “basic” special law that would define the general rules of administrative- procedural relations. Such a law should establish a list of relevant principles, as well as disclose their content. The results of modern domestic normative design work in the context of consolidating the principles of administrative procedures are analyzed. The peculiarities and shortcomings of consolidating the principles that are the basis of administrative- procedural relations are highlighted. The principles of administrative procedural law include: the rule of law; legality; equality of participants before the law; use of authority for a proper purpose; validity and certainty; impartiality (impartiality) of the administrative body; good faith and prudence; proportionality; openness; timeliness and reasonable time; efficiency; presumption of legality of actions and requirements of a person; officialism; guaranteeing the right of a person to participate in administrative proceedings; guaranteeing effective remedies; state language and accessibility. They complement each other and formulate a universal basis for the regulation of all administrative and procedural relations.
CONCEPT AND LEGAL REGULATION OF NIGHT WORK IN UKRAINE AND SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Dmytrenko D. O.
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to comparative legal analysis of night work in Ukraine, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. International Labor Organisation Convention concerning night work No 171 has not been ratified by Ukraine and any of the countries of Scandinavian legal model, and therefore, labor legislation of these countries does not comply with international legal standards. The only exception is Denmark, where provisions of Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time were partially implemented. The only exception is Denmark, where provisions of Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time were partially implemented. Denmark implemeted provision concerning night workers’ right to free medical examination: before the appointment of an employee to regular night shifts; periodically; and in case of health problems caused by factors relating to night work. The author determines that only Finnish labor law contains a detailed and specific list of situations where night work can be used. Ukraine and Sweden are the only countries from the list of examined countries, where any night work of young workers is prohibited, which means that those provisions are, in fact, discriminatory against persons employed in the field of culture, arts, sports or advertising, as well as those who undergo training practice under the guidance of adult. Unlike legislation of Scandinavian countries where working in night hours can be compensated by providing employees additional rest periods, Labor Code of Ukraine provides only one form of compensation in form of increased wages. It is concluded that Article 175 of the Labor Code of Ukraine is discriminatory against women and contradicts Article 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The legislation of the Scandinavian countries does not contain any restrictions on the night work of women, as workers of any gender can work in night time only with their voluntary consent. However, in Ukraine, only persons with disabilities can be involved in night work with voluntary consent.
ON THE BASIC SOCIAL RIGHTS OF SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS
Authors: Tarakan Yu. I.
Published: April 2022

The relevance of the article is that the legal status of individuals is a complex legal phenomenon, which for many years has caused intense scientific debate in domestic and foreign legal circles. Rights as one of the elements of legal status – the opportunities that according to current legislation belong to this category of persons – is one of the important aspects in the process of disclosing the issue of social security of self-employed persons in Ukraine. In general, social human rights are a special group of rights – their implementation and enforcement are associated with the establishment of harmonization between the state and society. Man’s realization of these rights ensures his full existence in society. The purpose of the article is to establish the basic social rights of self-employed persons. The relevance of the article is that the legal status of individuals is a complex legal phenomenon, which for many years has caused intense scientific debate in domestic and foreign legal circles. Rights as one of the elements of legal status – the opportunities that according to current legislation belong to this category of persons – is one of the important aspects in the process of disclosing the issue of social security of self-employed persons in Ukraine. In general, social human rights are a special group of rights – their implementation and enforcement are associated with the establishment of harmonization between the state and society. Man’s realization of these rights ensures his full existence in society. The purpose of the article is to establish the basic social rights of self-employed persons. The article analyzes the concept of “social rights”, which is closely related to such as “social protection” and “social law”. The article stipulates that self-employed persons can simultaneously act as subjects-recipients of social security and those persons who actually provide this security. It is concluded that the subjective rights of self-employed persons in the field of social security in general should be noted: the right to demand the provision of one or another type of security (pension, benefits, compensation, social services, benefits) in the statutory amount and in the prescribed manner, and also implementation by the obligated subject of other actions for the purpose of realization by the citizen of all opportunities provided to it by the law. Individual entrepreneurs who act as employers in the field of socially secure relations have the right to: provide additional material compensation, freely dispose of various social funds of the enterprise, and so on. However, if self-employed people can decide on support measures according to their own wishes and abilities, they also need to pay attention to the legal obligations of social security workers in the process of work. Such responsibilities include: insurance premiums, including – on compulsory national pension insurance, the obligation to provide relevant information (on dismissed employees; on the state of labor protection of enterprises, institutions, organizations), etc.
Las lenguas indígenas en la Argentina y su continuidad en el español regional
Authors: Avellana Alicia , Messineo Cristina
Published: April 2022

Argentina es un país que ha negado e invisibilizado históricamente su matriz multilingüística y pluriétnica, especialmente, la vinculada con los pueblos indígenas. No obstante, el número de personas que se reconocen como indígenas supera las cifras de una nación imaginada como homogénea y monolingüe. En este artículo presentamos un panorama general de las lenguas indígenas habladas actualmente en el territorio argentino, con especial foco en su situación sociolingüística y en su contacto con el español. Asimismo, presentamos tres rasgos gramaticales y pragmáticos propios de algunas de las lenguas indígenas y observamos su influencia y continuidad en el español regional (i.e. la no marcación gramatical de tiempo, la evidencialidad, y la presencia de marcadores pragmáticos). Estos ejemplos nos permiten profundizar en rasgos tipológicos poco conocidos en las lenguas del mundo -y no presentes en el español general- lo que supone un aporte a la visibilización y concientización de la diversidad lingüística como patrimonio humano universal.
Listo, como marcador conversacional en el español coloquial de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Ortiz Correa Adriana María , García Zapata Carlos Arturo
Published: April 2022

Este artículo realiza un primer acercamiento al uso actual de listo como marcador discursivo en la conversación coloquial de los hablantes de Medellín. En primer lugar, se estudia el proceso de gramaticalización que ha afectado a este adjetivo; luego, se tendrá en cuenta la posición de esta unidad para describir los contextos de aparición y las diferentes funciones pragmático-discursivas presentes en el discurso dialogal y en el monologado, así como el modo en que contribuye al intercambio verbal en la comunicación. Para este estudio se ha partido de un corpus de catorce grabaciones de habla espontánea, de las entrevistas semidirigidas del PRESEEA-Medellín y, complementariamente, de ejemplos provenientes de otras fuentes orales o escritas. En las conclusiones se resaltan las tres funciones de listo extraídas de la muestra analizada:  deóntica, que expresa el acuerdo entre los interlocutores, de apéndice comprobativo o de corroboración, metadiscursiva conversacional u organizadora del discurso.
Continuidad de los parques: elementos fantásticos y fusión de mundos posibles
Authors: Miranda Rocamora María Del Pilar , Gallor Guarin Jorge Orlando
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo analiza un clásico de la narrativa breve latinoamericana y sugiere una de las posibles lecturas que el texto ofrece. Dicha lectura tendrá como fundamento dos vías muy definidas y complementarias. La primera es el análisis que permite hacer la teoría de los Mundos Posibles y la segunda tiene en cuenta uno de los valores que más apreciaba Julio Cortázar en el lector, nuestra fantasía, delimitada en este caso por el cuento, que permite a las personas participar como lectores-cómplices.
Gordon Matta-Clark y Jaques Derrida: corte y diferencia
Authors: Bonilla Elizondo Pablo
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza la obra de Gordon Matta-Clark, para relacionarla con el concepto de differance propuesto por Jacques Derrida, identificando sus “cortes” como marcas diferenciales que permiten problematizar las relaciones entre arte y política, en el desplazamiento entre modernidad y posmodernidad. En consonancia con los objetos propuestos, se plantea un método de análisis a partir de una escritura crítica que hibrida tendencias postestructurales con la teoría del arte contemporáneo.
PROPERTIES OF GENERATORS OF PSEUDO-RANDOM SEQUENCES CONSTRUCTED USING FUZZY LOGIC AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL CHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Kushnir M. Ya. , Kosovan Hr. V. , Kroyalo P. M.
Published: April 2022

Context. The problem of generating pseudo-random sequences of bits using the rules of fuzzy logic and two-dimensional chaotic systems is considered.

Objective. Pseudo-random sequences generators built using two-dimensional chaotic systems and fuzzy logic. The purpose of the work is to develop and implement pseudo-random bit sequences generators based on the rules of fuzzy logic and two-dimensional chaotic systems and to evaluate the statistical characteristics of the generated sequences using statistical tests of National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Method. A method for generating pseudo-random bit sequences is proposed, which allows form bit sequences with characteristics that meet the requirements of secure communication systems and cryptographic protection of information based on the rules of fuzzy logic and two-dimensional chaotic systems. In the process of studying the operation of generators, histograms of the distribution of output values were constructed, which allows to clearly determine whether the entire range of output values of the twodimensional system could be used to generate pseudo-random bit sequence or only part of it. A study of the statistical characteristics of the generated sequences using a set of statistical tests was also performed.

Results. Bit sequences formed using fuzzy logic rules and two-dimensional chaotic systems can be used to transmit information in secure communication systems.

Results. The proposed generators were implemented in software, histogram analysis and evaluation of compliance with the criteria for a set of statistical tests of National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Conclusions. The experiments confirmed the ability of the proposed generators to generate bit sequences with good statistical characteristics, which allows them to be recommended for use in practice in solving problems of cryptographic protection of information and secure transmission of information over open communication channels. Prospects for further research may be to create cryptographic methods of information protection based on the proposed pseudo-random bit sequences generators, the implementation of secure communication systems.
PROSPECTS FOR PROCESSING AND USE OF ROOT VEGETABLE WASTE IN FOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: Samilyk M. , Bolgova N. , Tsyrulyk R. , Ryzhkova T.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is substantiation of expediency for processing waste products of root vegetables (Beta vulgaris, Daucus, Apium graveolens, Pastináca sátiva) into functional food additives. The structure of vegetable powders and their content of elements (in % on dry matter) has been analyzed in the article. Experimental samples were made from the main (edible) part of root vegetables and their peels. To make powders, at first chopped vegetables and their peels were dried in infrared dryers during 3 hours at a temperature of 45-50 °C to a mass moisture share of 8-10%. The dried particles were milled in a laboratory mill LZM-1 (shaft rotation speed 1047 rad/s) to a size providing full passage of the material through a sieve №015 (δ˃100). The structure of vegetable powders was studied by electron microscopy. It was found that all vegetable powders have a crystalline porous structure and, accordingly, hydrophilic properties which enable their use in food production as structure stabilizers, emulsifiers and moisture retainers. The study of the content of some minerals in the samples were performed using detector SEM and EDS based on a microscope. It was found that vegetable powders contain essential macro-elements (K, Na, Ca, P, Cl, S, N), irreplaceable micro-elements (Fe, Mg) and conditionally vital micro-element Si, which was found only in a powder made from Apium graveolens peels. The study showed that Beta vulgaris powders are rich in iron (2.16% is contained in edible root and 1.08% in the peel). The powder made from Daucus peel contains more potassium (31.38%) than the powder made from the main part of the vegetable (27.1%). Te powders made from Apium graveolens peels contain the highest amount of iron (5.49%) compared to other vegetable powders. The powder made from Pastináca sátiva peels is inferior to the main part of the vegetable by mass ratio of macro- and microelements. The only exceptions are calcium, which is found only in the peels (6.12%) and iron (1.27% against 0.6% in the main part of the vegetable). Pastináca sátiva peel contains the highest amount of magnesium (0.87%) compared to other root vegetables. These results affirm the expediency of processing root vegetable waste (Beta vulgaris, Daucus, Apium graveolens, Pastináca sátiva) into food additives for functional purposes.
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA HYDROLYSATES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SKIN HYDRATION
Authors: Orіabinska L. , Bohdan T. , Todosiiychuk T.
Published: April 2022

Recently, interest in lactobacilli lysates is growing, and the possibilities of their use cover more and more areas of human life – medicine, immunoprophylaxis, cosmetology, food industry. The article presents a method of obtaining bacterial lysates of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus genus. As a destructive agent used dry lytic enzyme preparation сytal-Rk G-10X, obtained under conditions of experimental fermentation from the culture fluid Streptomyces albus UN44. The complex lytic preparation сytal-Rk contains a group of enzymes glycosidases and peptidases, the joint action of which leads to the degradation of the cell wall of a wide range of bacteria. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of Cytal-Rk for the degradation of six strains of lactobacilli is presented. It is shown that the enzyme is an effective destructive agent under optimal conditions. The degree of cell degradation depended on their species, hydrolysis conditions and physical condition. Optimal conditions for obtaining hydrolysates based on native and lyophilized cells of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB86 was develop. When loading the microbial mass in the reaction medium – 1×109 CFU/ml (for native cells) and 1×1010  CFU/ml (for lyophilized cells) cell destruction reached almost 80% and 90%, respectively. Based on native Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB86 lysates were obtained and their comparative chemical analysis was performed. Sublimated cells were shown to be more sensitive to the enzyme complex and to contain more proteins and reducing sugars. Native cell lysates were more enriched in nucleic acids. Lysate of lactic acid bacteria from native cells was studied to moisturize the skin of the hands of young people aged 18–20 years. When using lysate in the cream base, it significantly increased the level of hydration of the dermis of the hands compared to the control cream base. This allows us to consider the lysate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB86 as a promising ingredient for creating cosmetics with moisturizing action.
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CULTIVATION OF LACTIC ACID SYMBIONTS
Authors: Kylymenchuk H. , Yegorova A. , Volovуk Т.
Published: April 2022

The main technological and biotechnological features of symbiont cultivation based on microbial cultures Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis and various prebiotics have been studied in this work. Cultures of probiotic microorganisms were chosen. The main technological characteristics of several types of dietary fibers from pumpkin seeds produced by WTF “Farmakom”, “Richoil” and “Agroselprom” were studied, namely their fractional composition. In all studied samples, three fractions with the screenings of sieves 059, 044, and 037 were separated. In “Richoil” fibers, the content of screening fraction of 044 sieve was the highest and accounted for up to 80%. The yield of the fine fraction with the throughs of sieve 037 in all studied fiber samples was 3–10%. The adsorption capacity of pumpkin seed dietary fibers has been studied. The throughs fraction of the sieve 044 was found to actively adsorb the cells of the producer microorganism. For pumpkin seed dietary fibers, the water-retaining capacity was proven to be 2.5 g of water per gram of sample. The influence of mass fraction of pumpkin seed dietary fibers on cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis was studied. The mass fraction of 0.5 g of dietary fibers per 10 ml of culture medium was shown to be optimal. The dynamics of acid accumulation in the process of cultivation of symbiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis in milk with different prebiotics (pumpkin seed dietary fibers, lactulose, and amaranth oil) was studied. The dietary fibers from pumpkin seeds was shown to have a significant effect on the β-galactosidase activity of symbiont microorganisms and to accelerate their acid production. A clot formed in the presence of fibers in 4.0–4.5 hours. Lactococcus diacetylactis was found to be the predominant culture in the symbiotic interactions in the presence of pumpkin seed dietary fibers. As a result of culturing the selected symbionts with pumpkin seed dietary fibers in the finished product, we obtain a predictable complex of metabolites, the majority of which would be produced by the predominant culture Lactococcus diacetylactis.
PROSPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CHITIN-GLUCAN COMPLEXES FROM FUNGAL CULTURES
Authors: Siroid O. , Klechak I. , Duhan O.
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of producing chitin-glucan complexes (CGC) as an alternative to chitin and chitosan. These biopolymers are present in arthropod exoskeletons and other skeletal elements, as well as in fungi and algae cell walls. Chitin-glucan complexes are widely used as sorbents, fillers, and agents for enzyme immobilization in a range of fields including medicine, biotechnology, food industry (particularly in brewing to remove sediment), cosmetology, agriculture, and manufacturing. Due to their fungicidal and antibacterial properties, these biopolymers are used as plant protection products and as biofertilizers. They also have a lot of potential for regenerative medicine and tissue therapy because of their biocompatibility and non-toxicity. The paper considers the main methods for isolation of chitin-glucan complexes and features of commercial production of chitin-[A2] gluconate complexes from fungal cultures, with a focus on the mild alkaline process and the use of an enzymatic treatment to improve production and obtain a product with a stable degree of deacetylation. Also, the paper discusses potential producers and optimal cultivation conditions for obtaining the maximum amount of biomass, which is directly proportional to the amount of biomass produced and is dependent on strain, cultivation, and isolation process conditions. The cost of these polymers largely depends on the cost and availability of raw materials, so chitosan and chitin derived from fungal cultures are more environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive, owing to their ability to be cultivated in industrial waste, lack of seasonality, and availability of producers.
STUDY OF EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF DRY MILK MIXTURES FOR BABY NUTRITION IN THE STORAGE PROCESS
Authors: Belinska K. , Falendysh N. , Marusei T.
Published: April 2022

Many children are unable to receive natural nutrition for various reasons. In this case, children are transferred to artificial feeding. Artificial feeding is provided by dry milk formulas. Most powdered milk formulas on the market are made from cow's milk. But the chemical composition of cow's milk in many respects does not correspond to human milk. It is proposed to use mare's and sheep's milk to develop mixtures for baby food. Milk collected from farms in Eastern, Western and Central Ukraine was used. Powdered milk was obtained by spray drying. The calculation of formulations was performed by optimizing the chemical composition using the standard Simplex program. Dry milk formulas based on Ligans mare's milk and Agnus sheep's milk have been developed for feeding children from birth to 6 months. Studies of microbiological parameters of the mixtures have shown that during 12 months of storage in cardboard packs with an inner package of combined polymeric material, the obtained products retain quality. During this period, the content of vitamins that can break down during storage is also normal. Assessing the tolerability of Ligans and Agnus mixtures, it was found that with the use of mixtures, the incidence of colitis and flatulence began to decline rapidly. A decrease in the total level of IgE by 88...90% in the blood of children indicates the hypoallergenic properties of mixtures of Ligans and Agnus. The initial content of sIgA in coprofiltrates of breastfed infants has been shown to be almost indistinguishable from that of infants consuming Ligans and Agnus. Developed mixtures are recommended to increase the body's resistance. The effectiveness of the mixtures has been confirmed by medical and biological studies.
Regulación de los sitios de memoria en el cono sur: Análisis crítico y propuestas para Chile
Authors:   Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Escariz Oñate Martha
Published: April 2022

This work explains the importance of regulating memorial sites in Chile by implementing a specific law. Along with explaining the contributions provided by memorial sites in the process of transitional justice, we analyze the current process that exists in Chile for them to be declared historical heritage, following the application of Law No. 17,288 on National Monuments. We then compare the process employed in the declaration and recognition of memorial sites in Uruguay and Argentina, through the application of specific norms that have been passed for this specific purpose: the Recent Past Memorial Sites and Law No. 26,691 on State Terrorism Memorial Site Preservation, Signposting and Outreach, respectively. Finally, we explain the overall guidelines of the MERCOSUR Instituto de Políticas Públicas en Derechos Humanos (Human Rights Public Policies Institute).
Knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in the general population, young men, and MSM in three Brazilian cities in 2019
Authors: Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Cruz Marly Marques da , Cota Vanda Lúcia , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to describe knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in three Brazilian cities in the general population, men 15 to 24 years of age living without a partner, and men that reported sex with other men (MSM) at least once in life. This was a cross-sectional household-based study with three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households, individuals) stratified by sex, age group (15-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-59), and conjugal status in the individual selection. We estimated the proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of indicators of knowledge, HIV testing, sexual behavior, and self-rated risk. We analyzed 5,764 individuals in Campo Grande, 3,745 in Curitiba, and 3,900 in Florianópolis. Low levels of knowledge were found for preventive methods, especially PrEP. Unprotected sex practices were frequent in the three municipalities. Lifetime HIV test rates were 57.2% (95%CI: 55.1-59.2) in Curitiba, 64.3% (95%CI: 62.7-66.0) in Campo Grande, and 65.9% (95%CI: 64.0-67.7) in Florianópolis. Among men 15-24 years of age, the proportions of stimulant drug use and unprotected sexual practices were higher than in the other age groups. Lifetime HIV test rates exceeded 80% in MSM. More than 30% of MSM were receptive partners in anal sex without condoms, and fewer than 5% assessed their risk as high. More effective communication strategies are needed on prevention of HIV infection, including increased knowledge that could motivate safer sexual practices.
Fertility trends during successive novel infectious disease outbreaks: Zika and COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Marteleto Leticia Junqueira , Sereno Luiz Gustavo Fernandes , Coutinho Raquel Zanatta , Dondero Molly , Alves Sandra Valongueiro , Lloyd Ryan , Koepp Andrew
Published: April 2022

This study aims to estimate fertility trends in Brazil in the 2010s and early 2020s during a period of back-to-back novel infectious disease outbreaks - Zika virus and COVID-19. We use Brazilian Ministry of Health and Association of Civil Registrar data from 2011-2021 to measure general fertility rates at the national and state levels. We also used seasonal ARIMA model to forecast fertility rates by month and state in 2021 and compared these forecasts with observed fertility rates. We find that fertility rates were steady over 2011-2015 with no statistically significant variation, followed by a sharp decline during the Zika outbreak in 2016 followed by a return to pre-Zika levels after the end of the epidemic. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, we make comparisons with observed and forecast rates from 2020-2021, showing that declines were generally larger for observed than for forecast rates, yet statistically insignificant. We argue that the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 might lead to further declines, as women might have not had enough time to adjust rebound from either the effects of the Zika epidemic. We also discuss the importance of timely availability of live births data during a public health crisis with immediate consequences for fertility rates.
Patterns of interdisciplinary citations and asymmetry between economics and the neighboring social sciences from 1959 to 2018
Authors: Cruz-e-Silva Victor , Cavalieri Marco Antônio Ribas
Published: April 2022

Abstract This paper offers a quantitative study measuring, through citation analysis, the historical relationship between economics and the other social sciences (that is, anthropology, political science, psychology, and sociology). The exercise suggested here comprehends the period from 1959 to 2018 in order to understand both whether economics has opened more space for the other social sciences and, if so, the subtleties of this process. The paper also develops an original asymmetry measure for interdisciplinarity-the Coefficient of Interdisciplinary Asymmetry.
The evolution of local schooling systems at the secondary level in Brazil between 1991 and 2010
Authors: Golgher André Braz
Published: April 2022

Abstract In spite of the negative overall representation of Brazilian secondary schools, the educational system at this level has shown remarkable quantitative developments. This paper proposes evolutionary paths of development of local secondary educational systems and addresses their determinants. It uses four schooling indicators - age specific enrollment ratio, gross enrollment ratio, net enrollment ratio, and age-grade distortion - conjointly with the use of cluster analysis to determine development trajectories. Furthermore, it analyses the main determinants of the evolutionary paths with the use of logistic and multinomial logistic models. Regional aspects related to socioeconomic level, labor market returns to human capital, demographics, social stability, location and microenvironment were associated with educational evolution.
Fluoride concentration in toothpaste marketed to children in Brazil and Mexico, and discussion on current regulations
Authors: Leite Filho Ademir Melo , Valdivia-Tapia Astrid Carolina , Costa Ritta de Cássia Nascimento Pinto , Espinoza Emilia Valenzuela , Ricomini Filho Antônio Pedro , Cury Jaime Aparecido
Published: April 2022

Resumo Os dentifrícios fluoretados comercializados para crianças devem conter concentração mínima de 1000 ppm de fluoreto (F), que deve ser quimicamente solúvel para ter efeito anticárie. Portanto, determinamos as concentrações de fluoreto total (FT) e fluoreto solúvel total (FST) em dentifrícios comercializados para crianças no Brasil e no México e analisamos as regulamentações vigentes em ambos os países. Vinte e quatro marcas foram encontradas e adquiridas no Brasil (19 formuladas com NaF/SiO2, três com Na2FPO3/CaCO3 e duas com Na2FPO3/SiO2) e seis no México (todas com NaF/SiO2). As concentrações de FT e FST foram determinadas após a compra (amostras frescas), e a estabilidade do fluoreto nas formulações de Na2FPO3/CaCO3 foi verificada após 18 meses. As análises foram realizadas com eletrodo íon-específico e os resultados expressos em ppm F (mg F/kg). As concentrações de FT encontradas variaram de 476,0 a 1.385,3 ppm F e foram próximas às declaradas pelos fabricantes (500 a 1.450 ppm F). As concentrações de FT encontradas não ultrapassaram 1.500 ppm F, de acordo com as regulamentações vigentes de ambos os países. No entanto, dentifrícios com concentrações de FST inferiores a 1.000 ppm F foram encontrados tanto em dentifrício com baixa concentração (500 ppm F) formulado com NaF/SiO2 como em dentifrícios com Na2FPO3/CaCO3 frescos e envelhecidos, originalmente fabricados com 1.000-1.100 ppm de FT. Em conclusão, embora a maioria dos dentifrícios analisados apresentasse concentração de FST superior a 1.000 ppm F, as regulamentações vigentes em ambos os países permitem que produtos que não estejam de acordo com a melhor evidência disponível estejam presentes no mercado.