bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Pokok Bahasan Perjuangan Dalam Mempersiapkan Kemerdekaan Indonesia Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember
Authors: Ismawati Yulia , Irvan Muhtadi , Zahroul Fitriyah Chumi
Published: February 2021

Tujuan umum dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Make A Match pada mata pelajaran IPS pokok bahasan perjuangan dalam mempersiapkan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Berdasarkan tujuan tersebut, latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember dalam pembelajaran IPS yang disebabkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran masih belum menerapkan model pembelajaran yang bervariatif sehingga siswa cenderung bosan. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Make A Match. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus dengan 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember yang berjumlah 22 siswa, yang terdiri atas 12 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Make A Match pada mata pelajaran IPS pokok bahasan perjuangan dalam mempersiapkan kemerdekaan Indonesia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VA SDN Klatakan 01 Jember. Skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada prasiklus sebesar 64,81 meningkat menjadi 71,32 pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi menjadi 76,21 pada siklus II.

 

Kata Kunci: hasil belajar siswa, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match, penelitian tindakan kelas.
Exploration Factors Influencing Self-Efficacy in Patients with Heart Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Purnomo Aris , Herawati Tuti , Yoona Sri
Published: February 2021

Heart disease is the top cause of death worldwide. Self-efficacy is one of the fundamental factors contributing to self-management programs among patients with heart disease. Cardiac patients with good self-efficacy will participate in disease management, improve health status, better self-care behavior, and a higher level of quality of life. Factors affecting self-efficacy need to be identified for stratified plan intervention strategies; therefore, the goal will achieve significantly. The Purpose of this study to identify factors that influence self-efficacy in patients with heart disease. Literature research from 2013-2019, obtained from the five largest databases consist of Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO by using keywords "Self Efficacy," "Cardiovascular Disease," "Heart Disease," and "Self Efficacy and Cardiovascular Disease "and Self Efficacy and Heart Disease". Five articles were further analyzed, and ten factors affecting self-efficacy are: 1) Age, 2) Income, 3) Social-economy, 4) Body mass index, 5) Experience on health education, 6) Risk factors awareness, 7) Social support,  8) Depressive symptoms, 9) Adherence and 10) Physical activity. The influence factors of self-efficacy, including demographic characteristics, clinical status, health education, awareness of risk factors, and psychosocial.
Self-Esteem of Female Prisoners
Authors: Eriyanti Etty , Andriyani Megah , Muin Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Female prisoners are special communities that are vulnerable to a decline in self-esteem. The purpose of this study is to describe the self-esteem of female prisoners in Semarang female prisons. Researchers used descriptive designs in this study. The results showed that the most women prisoners' self-esteem were moderate self-esteem (81.0%), high self-esteem (16.5%), and low self-esteem (2.5%). Most female prisoners experience a decrease in self-esteem, so that various efforts are needed to improve the self-esteem of female prisoners, especially community-based nursing interventions.
EVALUASI RENCANA BIAYA REKLAMASI TERHADAP JAMINAN REKLAMASI PT XXX, DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU
Authors: Rahmi Emma , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Riswan Riswan
Published: February 2021

Dokumen Rencana Reklamasi sebagai salah satu syarat dalam penerbitan IUP Operasi Produksi merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari setiap tahap penambangan. Oleh karenanya, perencanaan reklamasi terintegrasi dengan perencanaan tambang, baik jangka panjang maupun pendek. Perencanaan reklamasi jangka panjang merupakan perencanaan sampai berakhirnya masa tambang, rencana kerja kegiatan reklamasi dituangkan kedalam Dokumen Rencana Reklamasi dengan peroide lima tahunan. Jaminan reklamasi ditempatkan pada bank pemerintah yang berada pada Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.Proses evaluasi rencana biaya reklamasi didalam dokumen rencana reklamasi  PT XXX, dilakukan perhitungan terhadap komponen biaya langsung dan biaya tidak langsung meliputi biaya penagunaan lahan, biaya revegetasi dan biaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan air asam tambang (AAT), sedangkan biaya tidak langsung meliputi biaya mobilisasi  dan demobilisasi (2,5%), biaya perencanaan reklamasi(2%-10%), biaya administrasi dan keutungan kontraktor(3%-14%) dan biaya supervisi (2%-7%). Perhitungan komponen biaya tersebut dilakuakan agar penempatan jaminan reklamasi yang telah disediakan perusahaan dapat dapat menutup seluruh biaya reklamasi. Berdasarkan perhitungan sesuai dengan permen ESDM No.7 Tahun 2014 tentang pelaksanaan reklamasi dan pascatambang pada kegiatan usaha pertambangan mineral dan batubaraBerdasarkan hasil evaluasi biaya rencana reklamasi periode pertama (lima Tahun) seluas 78,69 Ha yang terdiri dari perhitungan biaya   langsung  sebesar Rp 6.494.495.808,- dan biaya tidak langsung  sebesar Rp.1.846.636.158,- Total Jaminan Reklamasi yang harus ditempatkan perusahaan sebesar  Rp 8.341.131.965,-  dengan perhitungan jaminan perusahaan sebesar Rp 6.687.192.587,- maka perusahaan harus menutupi kekurangan biaya jaminan rencana reklamasi sebesar Rp 1.653.939.378,-.  Kata kunci: Rencana Biaya Reklamasi, Biaya Langsung, Biaya Tidak Langsung, Total Jaminan Reklamasi
EVALUASI DESAIN BULANAN TERHADAP KONDISI AKTUAL DI PIT 10 (PT BTS) PADA IUP PT BINUANG MITRA BERSAMA
Authors: Azmi Bahrul , Novianti Yuniar Siska , Putri Karina Shella
Published: February 2021

PT Berkat Tambang Sejahtera kontraktor dari PT Binuang Mitra Bersama, dalam kesempatan ini digunakan untuk mengevaluasi antara rencana penambangan dengan kondisi aktual Perencanaan tambang adalah tahapan penting dalam studi kelayakan dan rencana operasi penambangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah membandingkan volume overburden dan batubara antara rencana dengan aktual pada bulan Juni 2019, menganalisis ketercapaian volume overcut dan undercut antara desain bulanan dengan kondisi aktual bulan Juni 2019, membandingkan volume overcut dan undercut bulan Juli dengan bulan Juni. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penyelesaian penelitian ini ialah observasi lapangan, data primer,  jumlah fleet. seperti data curah hujan, peta kemajuan tambang, mine plan design, data aktual overburden, coal, dan data plan overburden serta data plan coal. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan tahapan melakukan penggabungan  antara peta kemajuan tambang dengan peta desain bulanan. Perhitungan pada bulan Juni didapatkan hasil volume overcut 10.175.06 BCM untuk tanah penutup dan 3.350,50 ton untuk batubara. Volume undercut 58.482.65 bcm untuk tanah dan 6.078.00 ton untuk batubara.sedangkan pada bulan Juli didapatkan volume overcut 11.508,73 bcm untuk tanah dan 4.320,52 ton untuk batubara. Volume undercut 79.281.60 bcm untuk tanah dan untuk batubara pada bulan Juli melebihi rencana yang telah ditentukan sebesar 4.320.52 ton. Kata kunci : Perencanaan, Desain Bulanan, Topo aktual, , Total Volume
PERHITUNGAN RENCANA BIAYA REKLAMASI TERHADAP LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN BATUBARA DI PT XYZ, SITE KINTAP, KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Cahyana Rizki Tri , Triantoro Agus , Riswan Riswan
Published: February 2021

Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 78 Tahun 2010 tentang Reklamasi dan Pascatambang dan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang pelaksanaan reklamasi dan pascatambang pada kegiatan usaha pertambangan mineral dan batubara. Pasal 12 mewajibkan perusahaan pertambangan menghitung biaya reklamasi serta menyerahkan sejumlah dana sebagai jaminan reklamasi.Penelitian ini didilakukan di PT XYZ di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan bertujuan untuk merencanakan biaya reklamasi terhadap lahan bekas penambangan batubara. Metode penelitian meliputi penelitian lapangan, wawancara dengan pihak perusahaan serta mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 7 Tahun 2014. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh total biaya reklamasi selama tahun 2017/2018 sesuai dengan sisa umur tambang sebesar Rp 3.226.176.568 dengan luas lahan terganggu 24,77 Ha, untuk biaya per ha sebesar Rp 129.046.214. Penelitian ini sebagai pedoman untuk merencanakan biaya reklamasi untuk menyerahkan jaminan reklamasi ke dinas terkait, yang nantinya sebagai bahan evaluasi pemerintah terkait jaminan reklamasi, agar tidak ada perbedaan perhitungan jaminan reklamasi dengan kondisi aktual dilapangan sehingga kriteria keberhasilan reklamasi dapat dicapai.Kata kunci: biaya reklamasi, reklamasi, jaminan reklamasi
Rois dalam Pendidikan Karakter Umat
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Adawiyah Siti Afifah
Published: February 2021

Character education is still a focus in today's national educational objectives. School is no longer the only part that should transfer character education but also to family and society. These three sections should be synergized to realize character education. If in school is a teacher's assignment, then in society is the task of Rois as a religious leader in his region. With a qualitative approach, data is collected using interview and observation techniques. The results showed that the factors influencing the success of Rois in internalizing the Islamic character of the community are customary or habitual, wills or willpower, descent, and education. Furthermore, in carrying out the role of a religious leader in a region, Rois experienced a change in himself namely the change of Rois’ behavior, religious scholarly mastery, and dedication of time and energy.
Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Keislaman Melalui Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Kewirausahaan
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Hadikusuma Sofwan
Published: February 2021

This article describes the implementation of entrepreneurial activities as an approach to the character education. This was a field research wich the data collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation. The research subject is SMPIT Al-Kautsaar Yogyakarta and the object is its entrepreneurial activities. This research found that SMPIT Al-Khairaat Yogyakarta formulated seven entrepreneurial characters as achievement of students' target characters, namely: 1) creative & innovative, 2) honest, 3) abstinence from fighting and hard work, 4) cooperation and togetherness, 5) meticulous , 6) responsibility, and 7) struggle. The seven characters were instilled through the methods of awareness, habituation, and discipline. Those entrepreneurial activities were meant to internalizing Islamic values in students. The internalization is carried out through steps of transformation, transactions, and trans-internalization. As the result, the entrepreneurial activities sucsesfully managed to instill a sincere attitude, willing to share, and honest in students.
Analysis of an extreme precipitation event in the Atacama Desert on January 2020 and its relationship to humidity advection along the Southeast Pacific
Authors: Vicencio Veloso Jose Miguel
Published: February 2021

An extreme precipitation event took place during the second half of January of 2020 in the Atacama Desert. From Tacna, Perú to Iquique, Chile (18-21ºS) rainfall extended for several days producing floods, major damage to infrastructure, and affectation to the population in one of the driest deserts of the world. Analysis of surface-weather stations, sounding, satellite data and reanalysis suggests that the most intense precipitation occurred in precordillera (2,000 to 3,600 m.a.s.l). In a historical context, several weather stations between the pampas and precordillera recorded the highest daily rainfall intensity on record. The analysis of this EP event also suggests that at least four major factors were present to produce record-breaking precipitation in the Atacama Desert: (i) a low-level circulation off-shore Atacama Desert, potentially linked to the southward displacement of the Bolivian High and a high troposphere trough subtropical southeast Pacific Perú, (ii) the advection of humidity through an atmospheric river like structure, trapped to the coast in the front of the low-level cyclonic circulation, leading to increases in precipitable water vapor over the Atacama Desert, (iii) above normal sea surface temperatures that favor moist conditions in the boundary layer and (iv) a reinforced local circulation, where low level winds transport humid wet parcels toward the east, producing terrain-forced ascend at the foothill of the west slope of the Andes Cordillera, triggering precipitation and thunderstorm mostly in precordillera, but also extended to the coast, pampas and Altiplano. Analysis of previous austral summer precipitation days from 2008 to 2020 suggests that this thermo-dynamic mechanism is highly linked to the majority of the EP days in Southern Perú and Northern Chile, becoming in an important configuration to predict future EP events in the Atacama Desert.
Analysis of meteorological droughts in the Sonora River Basin, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Vásquez Claudio César , Ibáñez-Castillo Laura Alicia , Gómez-Díaz Jesús David , Arteaga-Ramírez Ramón
Published: February 2021

Droughts are a complex natural risk that have numerous negative effects on ecosystems, agriculture and the economy. For this reason, it is difficult to determine a precise definition. Nevertheless, different conceptualizations converge in one common denominator: the deficiency of precipitation with respect to an average historical value. Droughts in Mexico have been recurrent and persistent, resulting from complex interactions of the atmosphere with the oceans and the geographic and physiographic characteristics of the country. Several researchers have approached this phenomenon with indexes to characterize it using parameters such as intensity, duration and frequency. In this study we analyze meteorological drought temporally and regionally at scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months with SPI and SPEI indexes at 19 weather stations located in the middle and high parts of the Sonora River basin, Mexico, for the period 1974-2013. The regions were defined according to the patterns of mean annual rainfall behavior, applying statistical techniques and analyzing the physiographic characteristics of the study region. The general results indicate that drought intensity increased at the end of the time series analyzed, and important periods were identified in the years 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2011 to 2013. SPEI defined the drought periods and the increasing intensity trend better than SPI, demonstrating the importance of including variables such as evapotranspiration in the balance of available water.
Incremental excess of PM components and sources between two neighbouring sites of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rojas Néstor Y , Villamil Felipe , Rosas Irene , Méndez-Espinosa Juan Felipe , Schauer James Jay
Published: February 2021

Air pollution in towns adjacent to and downwind of large cities can be similar or even higher than in the city itself. In the case of towns constituting the greater Bogotá area, with more than half a million inhabitants and strong industrial activity, little is known about the factors that affect their poor air quality. This work investigated the incremental excess of the composition and source contribution to PM2.5 in two sites near Bogotá (Soacha: 4°35'4.59" N, 74°13'11.62" W; and Mosquera: 4°42'9.75" N, 74°13'54.94" W), using the Chemical Mass Balance receptor model with organic molecular markers, and back trajectory analysis. Simultaneous sample collection was carried out for two-months. Organic matter was the major component of the PM2.5 mass (66 ± 14% and 61 ± 12%), while secondary inorganic ions (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) constituted 13 ± 8 % and 10 ± 2 %. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to PM2.5 at Soacha were wood combustion (23%), diesel vehicles (19%), and coal combustion at small facilities (11%). At Mosquera, they were gasoline vehicles (26%), diesel vehicles (19%), and coal combustion at small inefficient facilities (15%). The contribution of regional Secondary Organic Aerosol to PM2.5 was significant (19% and 15%), arriving mostly from the Orinoco basin but higher with air masses arriving from the Amazon rainforest. The regional contribution to secondary inorganic aerosols was higher with winds from the Magdalena Valley. The methods presented in this manuscript will be useful in other megacities and large cities to better manage impacts of local and regional air pollution sources.
Changes in Gene Expression Profiling and Phenotype in Aged Multidrug Resistance Protein 4-Deficient Mouse Retina
Authors: Kim Kyung Woo , Kusuhara Sentaro , Katsuyama-Yoshikawa Atsuko , Nobuyoshi Sho , Kitamura Megumi , Mori Sotaro , Sotani Noriyuki , Ueda Kaori , Matsumiya Wataru , Miki Akiko , Kurimoto Takuji , Imai Hisanori , Nakamura Makoto
Published: February 2021

Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is an energy-dependent membrane transporter that is responsible for cellular efflux of a broad range of xenobiotics and physiological substrates. In this trial, we aimed to investigate the co-effects of aging and MRP4 deficiency using gene expression microarray and morphological and electrophysiological analyses of the mouse retina. Mrp4-knockout (null) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were reared in the same condition to 8–12 wk (young) or 45–55 wk (aged). Microarray analysis identified 186 differently expressed genes from the retinas of aged Mrp4-null mice as compared to that from aged WT mice, and subsequence gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that differently expressed genes were related to lens, eye development, vision, and transcellular barrier function that are involved in metabolic pathways or viral infection pathways. No significant change in thickness was observed for each retinal layer among young/aged WT mice and young/aged Mrp4-null mice. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses of retinal cell type did not exhibit an overt change in the cellular morphology or distribution among the 4 age/genotype groups, and the electroretinogram responses showed no significant differences in the amplitude or the latency between aged WT mice and aged Mrp4-null mice. Aging would be an insufficient stress to cause some damage to the retina in the presence of MRP4 deficiency.
Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste After Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene
Authors: Paone Emilia , Fazzino Filippo , Pizzone Daniela Maria , Scurria Antonino , Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Calabrò Paolo Salvatore
Published: February 2021

Anchovies are amid the largest fish catch worldwide. The anchovy fillet industry generates a huge amount of biowaste (e.g. fish heads, bones, tails) that can be used for the extraction of several potentially valuable bioproducts including omega-3 lipids. Following the extraction of valued fish oil rich in omega-3, vitamin D3 and zeaxanthin from anchovy fillet leftovers using biobased limonene in a fully circular process, the solid residue was used as starting substrate for the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. The results first reported in this study demonstrate good potential energy recovery of the anchovy sludge of about 280 mLCH4∙gVS-1. Due to unbalanced C/N ratio typical of marine biowaste, co-digestion with a carbon rich substrate is recommended.
Existence and Uniqueness of BVPs Defined on Semi-Infinite Intervals: Insight from the Iterative Transformation Method
Authors: Fazio Riccardo
Published: February 2021

This work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of boundary value problems defined on semi-infinite intervals. These kinds of problems seldom admit exactly known solutions and, therefore, the theoretical information on their well-posedness is essential before attempting to derive an approximate solution by analytical or numerical means. Our utmost contribution in this context is the definition of a numerical test for investigating the existence and uniqueness of solutions of boundary problems defined on semi-infinite intervals. The main result is given by a theorem relating the existence and uniqueness question to the number of real zeros of a function implicitly defined within the formulation of the iterative transformation method. As a consequence, we can investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions by studying the behaviour of that function. Within such a context the numerical test is illustrated by two examples where we find meaningful numerical results.
Primary School Teachers’ Experiences of Sexual Education in Spain. A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Plaza-del-Pino Fernando Jesús , Soliani Isabelle , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , Molina-García Joaquín Jesús , Ventura-Miranda María Isabel , Pomares-Callejón María Ángeles , López-Entrambasaguas Olga María , Ruiz-Fernández María Dolores
Published: February 2021

Sexual education is a part of the teaching-learning process that addresses cognitive, psychological, physical and social aspects of sexuality. The purpose of sexual education is to provide people with knowledge, abilities, attitudes and values that will help them to have good sexual health, well-being and dignity. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of primary school teachers regarding Sexual Education in school. A descriptive qualitative study was designed based on content analysis. Twelve open-ended interviews with primary school teachers were carried out, followed by inductive data analysis using ATLAS.ti software. Two key themes emerged from the analysis: ‘In search of a comprehensive approach to Sexual Education’ and ‘Barriers to Sexual Education in schools: From the lack of training to fear of the families’. We conclude that despite the efforts to implement a comprehensive approach to Sexual Education that recognises sexuality as a right, primary school teachers face difficulties in delivering Sexual Education in schools due to a lack of training and the fear that parents will reject their children being spoken to about sexuality.
A Novel Approach to Estimating Time-Averaged Volcanic SO2 Fluxes from Infrared Satellite Measurements
Authors: Hyman David , Pavolonis Michael , Sieglaff Justin
Published: February 2021

Long-term continuous time series of SO2 emissions are considered critical elements of both volcano monitoring and basic research into processes within magmatic systems. One highly successful framework for computing these fluxes involves reconstructing a representative time-averaged SO2 plume from which to estimate the SO2 source flux. Previous methods within this framework have used ancillary wind datasets from reanalysis or numerical weather prediction (NWP) to construct the mean plume and then again as a constrained parameter in the fitting. Additionally, traditional SO2 datasets from ultraviolet (UV) sensors lack altitude information which must be assumed to correctly calibrate the SO2 data and to capture the appropriate NWP wind level which can be a significant source of error. We have made novel modifications to this framework which do not rely on prior knowledge of the winds and therefore do not inherit errors associated with NWP winds. To perform the plume rotation, we modify a rudimentary computer vision algorithm designed for object detection in medical imaging to detect plume-like objects in gridded SO2 data. We then fit a solution to the general time-averaged dispersion of SO2 from a point source. We demonstrate these techniques using SO2 data generated by a newly developed probabilistic layer height and column loading algorithm designed for the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), a hyperspectral infrared sensor aboard the Joint Polar Satellite System’s Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. This SO2 data source is best suited to flux estimates at high-latitude volcanoes and at low-latitude, but high-altitude volcanoes. Of particular importance, IR SO2 data can fill an important data gap in the UV-based record: estimating SO2 emissions from high-latitude volcanoes through the polar winters when there is insufficient solar backscatter for UV sensors to be used.
Discreteness of Space from Anisotropic Spin-Orbit Interaction
Authors: Majumder Barun , Ali Ahmed Farag
Published: February 2021

Various approaches to Quantum Gravity suggest an existence of a minimal measurable length. The cost to have such minimal length could be modified uncertainty principle, modified dispersion relation, non-commutative geometry or breaking of continuous Lorentz symmetry. In this paper, we propose that minimal length can be obtained naturally through spin-orbit interaction. We consider Dresselhaus anisotropic spin-orbit interaction as the perturbative Hamiltonian. When applied to a particle, it implies that the space, which seizes this particle, should be quantized in terms of units that depend on particle’s mass. This suggests that all measurable lengths in the space are quantized in units depending on existent mass and the Dresselhaus coupling constant. On one side, this indicates a breakdown of the space continuum picture near the scale of tabletop experiments, and on the other side, it proposes that spin-orbit interaction is a possible quantum gravity effect at low energy scale that leads naturally to space quantization.
Scientific creativity: A bibliometric review and analysis
Authors: Haryandi Surya , Suyidno Suyidno , Misbah Misbah , Dewantara Dewi , Mahtari Saiyidah , Ibrahim Mohd Ali
Published: February 2021

Scientific creativity is one of the higher-order thinking skills which are highly functional for each individual. Scientific creativity encourages the individual to not only generate creative ideas, but also promotes the notion of the appropriate technology. This article provides an in-depth explanation of the bibliometric analysis of scientific literature in education. The articles search was performed by utilizing Publish or Perish (PoP) software on the Crossref database. The search and sort results discovered that 28 of 200 articles were found between the years of 2019-2020. The selected metadata was edited using Mendeley Desktop software. The edited results were then analyzed further and visualized using the VOSviewer software. Overall, articles with the keyword scientific creativity published in the 2019-2020 period have not been cited, and it is essential to be studied collaboratively not only between national institutions but also internationally.
Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) in crossing of Madura Maize Plant (Zea mays L.)
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Amzeri Achmad , Badami Kaswan ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Pawana Gita ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Published: February 2021

Hybridization of Back cross is one method to get varieties that are resistant to downy mildew. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on inheritance characteristics of downy mildew resistance. This research was conducted at the experiment center of Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura. Research of Assessment of resistance to Downy Mildew used a randomized block design with 18 treatments (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 in three sets of crosses, namely LGL x Mdr-3, T12 x Mdr-1 and E02 x Mdr-2) and three replications so there were 54 experimental units. Identification of polymorphic RAPD markers for endurance to downy mildew through Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was done by amplifying the DNA in the resistant pool and susceptible pool. The random primers used were 120 primers from 6 operon groups, namely OPA, OPB, OPC, OPD, OPF and OPG. The results showed that the inheritance pattern of maize genetic resistance to downy mildew followed a segregation pattern of 3:1 with a degree of dominance between -1 and 0, and was controlled by incomplete partially negative dominant gene. OPC-07 was a marker that was linkage close to the resistance to downy mildew with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.
GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES OF DRYLAND MAIZE HYBRIDS
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Amzeri Achmad , DARYONO B.S. ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, SYAFII M. ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Published: February 2021

The phenotypic analysis of new candidate varieties at multiple locations could provide information on the stability of their genotypes. We evaluated the stability of 11 maize hybrid candidates in five districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. Maize hybrids with high yield potential and early maturity traits derived from a diallel cross were planted in a randomized complete block design with two checks (Srikandi Kuning and BISI-2) as a single factor with four replicates. The observed traits were grain yield per hectare and harvest age. The effects of environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on yield were highly significant (P < 0.01). KTM-1, KTM-2, KTM-4, KTM-5, and KTM-6 showed higher average grain yield per hectare than the checks (Srikandi Kuning = 8.49 ton ha−1 and BISI-2 = 7.32 ton ha−1) at five different locations. The average harvest age of 11 candidates was less than 100 days. KTM-4 and KTM-5 had production yields that were higher than the average yield of all genotypes in all environments (Yi > 7.78 tons ha−1) and were considered stable on the basis of three stability parameters, i.e., Finlay–Wilkinson, Eberhart–Russell, and additive main effect multiplicative interaction (AMMI). KTM-2 had the highest yield among all tested genotypes (9.33 ton ha−1) and was considered as stable on the basis of AMMI but not on the basis of Finlay–Wilkinson and Eberhart–Russell. KTM-1 performed well only in Pamekasan, whereas KTM-6 performed well only in Sampang. Thus, these two genotypes could be targeted for these specific locations.
Aproximaciones a la capacidad de acogida de las playas como recurso turístico en tiempos de la COVID-19: el caso de la costa atlántica andaluza
Authors: Prieto Campos Antonio , Díaz Cuevas Pilar
Published: February 2021

El anuncio de la apertura de la temporada turística de verano en España en plena pandemia producida por el coronavirus SARS CoV-2 trajo consigo diversas incertidumbres vinculadas a garantizar el ejercicio de la actividad en condiciones de seguridad sanitaria. En este trabajo se realiza una primera aproximación a la capacidad de las playas atlánticas andaluzas para absorber la demanda recreativa y turística. Para ello se calcula la superficie de playa útil, utilizando la última ortofotografía aérea disponible (2016) y las funcionalidades analíticas de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Se construyen tres escenarios de ocupación en función de la superficie de playa útil por usuario y del establecimiento de uno o dos turnos de visita.
Los resultados muestran como el escenario 1, menos restrictivo, podría acoger en un solo turno a la totalidad de los usuarios potenciales. El escenario 2 sólo podría acoger a todos los usuarios mediante el establecimiento de dos turnos y en el escenario 3, ni con el establecimiento de dos turnos se podría acoger a los residentes. Si bien los resultados deben ser completados con análisis a escalas más detalladas, suponen una necesaria primera aproximación que puede resultar de utilidad para la toma de decisiones.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Rehabilitation of Distal Radial Fracture with head mounted device
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitanya A. , Naqvi Waqar M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Rehabilitation is a stressful and exhausting procedure that includes number of exercises and activities that patients have to perform for a long period of time. Regrettably, patients often become annoyed, irritated, and lack motivation and feel discouraged which makes rehabilitation less efficient. Virtual Reality have been extensively utilized for implementing treatment plans to make the process more exciting, stimulating and empowering for patients. Within this work, we propose to use of head wearing device name oculus for patient’s wrist rehabilitation after distal radius fracture (DRF). Methodology: In the study 40 DRF patients will be enrolled. One group will receive conventional therapy and the other group will receive immersive virtual reality as well as conventional therapy for 6 weeks. Pain, ROM, dexterity and grip strength will be evaluated using to standard technique.Discussion: The goal of this Interventional study is to examine the impact of immersive virtual reality after DRF. This research will help in identifying rapid and long term effects of virtual reality in DRF patients. The study findings would help prospective patients with DRF, which may include a newly designed method of rehabilitation.
Dynamin Action at the Final Stage of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Fang Ning , Cheng Xiaodong , Chen Kuangcai , Dong Bin , Yang Meek , Filbrun Seth , Myoung Yong , Huang Teng-Xiang , Gu Yan , Wang Gufeng
Published: February 2021

Dynamin plays an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis by cutting the neck of nascent vesicles from the cell membrane. Gold nanorods were used as imaging probes to observe dynamin action on cargo vesicles during live endocytosis events. Invariant is that at the peak of dynamin accumulation, the cargo-containing vesicle always gives abrupt, right-handed rotations that finishes in a short time (~ 0.28 s). The large and quick twist, herein named the super twist, is the result of the coordinated dynamin helix action upon GTP hydrolysis. After the super twist, the rotational freedom of the vesicle drastically increases, accompanied with simultaneous or delayed translational movement, indicating that it detaches from the cell membrane. These observations suggest that dynamin-mediated scission at the final stage involves a large torque generated by coordinated actions of multiple dynamins in the helix, which is the main driving force for scission. The super twist presumably results in membrane tube hemi-fission and partial destruction of the dynamin helix, followed by vesicle fission.
Importance of Immediate Electronic-based Feedback to Enhance Feedback for First-time CPR Trainees
Authors: Misztal-Okońska Patrycja , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Goniewicz Mariusz , Ranse Jamie , Hertelendy Attila , Gray Lesley , Sørensen Jarle Løwe , Carlström Eric , Khorram-Manesh Amir
Published: February 2021

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death globally. The recommended clinical management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases is the immediate initiation of high-quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Training mannequins should be combined with technology that provide students with detailed immediate feedback on the quality of CPR performance. This study aimed to verify the impacts of the type of feedback (basic or detailed) the responders receive from the device while learning CPR and how it influences the quality of their performance and the motivation to improve their skills.Methods: The study was conducted at the Medical University of Lublin among 694 multi professional health students during first aid classes on Basic Life Support (BLS). The students first practiced on an adult mannequin with a basic control panel; afterward, the same mannequin was connected to a laptop, ensuring a detailed record of the performed activities through a projector. Next, the participants expressed their subjective opinion on how the feedback provided during the classes, basic vs detailed, motivated them to improve the quality of their CPR performance. Additionally, during the classes, the instructor conducted an extended observation of students' work and behavior.Results: In the students’ opinion, the CPR training with detailed feedback devices provided motivation for learning and improving CPR proficiency than the one with a basic control panel. Furthermore, the comments given from devices seem to be more acceptable to the students, who did not see any bias in the device’s evaluation compared to that of the instructor.Conclusions: Detailed device feedback motivates student health practitioners to learn and improve the overall quality of CPR. The use of mannequins that provide detailed feedback during BLS courses can improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Deterioration of Tea Quality Caused by Tea White Scab Disease Disease
Authors: Zhou Ling-yun , Yang Wen-bo , Li Wei , Liu Hong-yan , Xiang Fen , Yin Xia , Zeng Ze-xuan
Published: February 2021

Tea is a popular daily beverage worldwide, especially in China. Tea white scab disease affects tea quality is poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed determine whether tea quality will variation. we collected green tea samples from five samples (with varying morbidity from CK to Ⅳ on Baiyun Mountain in Hunan Province. Results showed that tea quality are obviously decreased as infected by tea white scab disease . Results showed that an increase in incidence rate decreased total tea polyphenols (TP) , water extract and caffeine but increased amino acids (AA) , Nonetheless, the constituents of polyphenolic compounds were differentially altered. Additionally, the percentage of (−)-epicatechin (EC) and (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) increased with increasing morbidity. (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) just the opposite. The constituents of AA, especially Alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, serine and phenylalanine increased with increasing elevational gradients. Proline, and theanine were reduce along with morbidity level. As a whole. This observation demands development of effective measures for sustaining green tea quality in the face of tea white scab disease.
Difference in the Proportions of Deleterious Variations Within and Between Populations Influences the Estimation of FST
Authors: Subramanian Sankar
Published: February 2021

Estimating the extent of genetic differentiation between populations is an important measure in population genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology. Fixation index or FST is an important measure, which is routinely used to quantify this. Previous studies have shown that FST estimated for selectively constrained regions was significantly lower than that estimated for neutral regions. By deriving the theoretical relationship between FST at neutral and constrained sites we show that an excess in the fraction of deleterious variations segregating within populations compared to that segregates between populations is the cause for the reduction in FST estimated at constrained sites. Using whole genome data, our results revealed that the magnitude of reduction in FST estimates obtained for selectively constrained regions was much higher for distantly related populations compared to those estimated for closely related pairs. For example, the reduction was 47% for comparison between Europeans-Africans, 30% for European-Asian comparison, 16% for the Northern-Southern European pair and only 4% for the comparison involving two Southern European (Italian and Spanish) populations. Since deleterious variants are purged over time due to purifying selection, their contribution to the among-population diversity at constrained sites decreases with the increase in the divergence between populations. However, within-population diversity remains the same for all pairs compared and therefore FST estimated at constrained sites for distantly related populations are much smaller than those estimated for closely related populations. Our results suggest that the level of population divergence should be considered when comparing constrained site FST estimates from different pairs of populations.
The Association Between Dietary Antioxidants Intakes and The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Esfandiar Zohreh , Hosseinpour-Niazi Somayeh , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: February 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide, is the collective term/compound name for disorders afflicting the blood vessels and heart that accounts for 17.9 million deaths in 2016 1. Inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress have been shown as fundamental risk factors in the onset and progression of CVD 2. Chronic inflammatory conditions attenuate blood levels of antioxidants because of the continuous generation of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A sufficient intake of antioxidants is also suggested to beneficially interfere with CVD by quenching ROS 3. Antioxidant vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc may slow the development and progression of CVD Aim: This study aimed at investigating the association between daily consumption of dietary vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: Eligible adults (n=5102) were selected from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with an average follow-up of 5.3 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of CVD associated with total intakes of vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc.Results: This study was conducted on 2,253 men and 2,849 women aged 47.0±11.6 and 45.6±10.5 years, respectively. The main sources of dietary vitamins A, E, and C and zinc were fruits, vegetables, and legumes. Risk of CVD decreased from quartile 1 to quartile 4 for vitamin E intake (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.91, 0.77, and 0.57; Ptrend=0.03). The association between risk of CVD and the quartiles of vitamins A and C and zinc intake was not significant.Conclusion: Our study suggested an inverse association between vitamin E intake and the risk of CVD. The results emphasized a potential protective role of its dietary sources in the prevention of CVD.
Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Leaf Colour Changes and L-theanine Accumulation in Variegated Tea
Authors: Xie Nianci , Zhang Chenyu , Zhou Pinqian , Gao Xizhi , Tian Shuanghong , Lu Cui , Shen Chengwen , Wang Kunbo
Published: February 2021

Background Camellia sinensis ‘Yanlinghuayecha’ (YHC) is a variegated mutant developed recently in China. To dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms of leaf variegation, we compared the leaf pigmentation, cellular ultrastructure, amino acid content, and transcriptome between the albino (A), mosaic (M), and green (G) sectors.Results The contents of photosynthetic pigments were significantly lower in sector A and higher in sector G than in sector M. Chloroplasts with well-organized thylakoids were found only in the mesophyll cells of the G sector but not in those of the A sector. The A sector had a significantly higher content of total and free amino acids. In particular, the levels of theanine, glutamate, and alanine in the A sector were higher than those in the G sector. Transcriptomics analysis showed that a total of 44,908 unique transcripts were identified. Comparing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three sectors, we conducted an in-depth study on chloroplast biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and theanine synthesis pathways. The expression of CsPPOX in “porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism” was significantly downregulated in the A sector. CsLHCB6 in “Photosynthesis - antenna proteins” and CsSCY1 in “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, both of which were associated with chloroplast biogenesis, were significantly downregulated in the A sector. The expression of CsTS1 was notably upregulated in the A sector.Conclusion Taken together, variegation alters the gene activities involved in chloroplast biogenesis, and our results suggest that leaf colour change in the A sector incorporates three aspects compared with that in the G sector: (1) Decreased CsPPOX expression slows the rate of chlorophyll synthesis, resulting in a decrease in chlorophyll content; (2) downregulated expression of CsLHCB6 and CsSCY1 inhibits chloroplast biogenesis, decreasing thylakoid morphogenesis and grana stacking; and (3) the metabolic flow of glutamate changes, possibly from chlorophyll biosynthesis to theanine biosynthesis. The accumulation of precursor synthetic substances and the high expression of CsTS1 generates a high theanine content. These analyses provide valuable insights into variegation in tea plants with regard to leaf colour change and L-theanine accumulation.
Removal of Acidic Yellow Dye of Wastewater By Moringa Peregrina
Authors: Saraei Negar , Ghazani Mostafa Tizghadam
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
WITHDRAWN: Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells being Encapsulated in Alginate/reduced Geraphen Oxide Improving Infarct Expansion, and Inducing Neovasculariziation Formation in Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: hajishoreh Negar Karimi , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Naderi Nasim , Salehnia Mojdeh , Ghadrdoost Behshid , Razavi Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Currently, one of the new therapeutic strategies is injection of hydrogel and cells to myocardial infarction (MI) patients, which has some limitations such as lack of electromechanical properties and neovascularization. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of new electroactive hydrogel [Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Alginate (ALG)] encapsulated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) in different experimental groups. The study was done in rat model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Echocardiograms were analyzed at 4 and 8 weeks after MI induction. Experimental groups particularly (BMSC) encapsulated in rGO-ALG increased significantly improvement of fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) compared to the control group. Eighth week after injection, Eosin (H&E) staining was performed. MSC-ALG-rGO demonstrated that significantly increasing vascularization and connective tissue in comparison with control. Masson's trichrome staining indicated reduced scarring/collagen deposition and improved remodeling LV thickness in the MSC-ALG-rGo group. Anti-CD31 antibody applied to detect neovascularization in the experimental groups. Microvessel density was significantly higher in MSC-ALG-rGO treatment than other groups (MSC-ALG and control) (p<0.01).This study demonstrates, use of rGO/ALG a bio-electroactive hydrogel appears safe for intramyocardial injection, improving (LV) function, neovascularization, adjust the electrical properties following MI.