bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muonium–the Second Radioisotope of Hydrogen: A Remarkable and Unique Radiotracer in the Chemical, Materials, Biological and Environmental Sciences
Authors: Rhodes Christopher J.
Published: June 2012

Muonium (Mu), may be regarded as a radioactive hydrogen atom with a positive muon as its nucleus, and is formed in a range of media which are irradiated with positive muons. This exotic atom can be considered as a second radioisotope of hydrogen, along with tritium. Addition of this light atom (with a mass 1/9th that of a normal hydrogen, protium, atom) to unsaturated organic molecules forms free radicals, in which the muon serves as a radioactive and magnetic probe of their kinetic and structural properties. Suitable examples are chosen to illustrate the very large functionality of organic radicals which have been measured using muons and various methods of μSR, where μ stands for muon, S for spin and R may refer to rotation, resonance or relaxation. The principal techniques illustrated are transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF-μSR), avoided level crossing muon spin resonance (ALC-μSR) and longitudinal-field muon spin relaxation (LF-μSRx). Structural studies of radicals, the determination of mechanisms for radical formation, the measurement of radical stabilisation energies, the determination of the kinetics of reactions of free muonium atoms and of free radicals have all been accomplished using TF-μSR methods. It is further shown that TF-μSR is most useful in measuring radical reaction rates in non-aqueous media, to provide information of relevance to cell membrane damage and repair. Muonium may further be used as a mechanistic probe since it determines a true pattern of H-atom reactivity in molecules, against which results from similar radiolysed materials may be compared. [In many solid materials that are exposed to ionising radiation, apparent H-atom adduct radicals are detected but which originate from charge-neutralisation of positive holes (radical cations) and ejected electrons, without free H-atoms being formed. DNA is the superlative example of this. Free H-atoms normally feature in the province of radiolysed aqueous media]. The applications of ALC-μSR and LF-μSRx in studying the reorientation of reactive radicals on reactive surfaces forms the substantive proportion of the review: considered specifically are radicals sorbed in zeolites, in clays and in porous silica, in porous carbons and on ice-surfaces, in connection with their role as intermediates in catalytic systems, particularly hydrocarbon cracking and oxidation processes, and in atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The formation of muonium and other muon species in cation-exchanged zeolite-X samples are also considered, according to the evidence of longitudinal field repolarisation measurements. Finally, mention is given of the use of μSR techniques for studying radicals in the gas-phase.
Microfluidics and the Life Sciences
Authors: Becker Holger , Gärtner Claudia
Published: June 2012

The field of microfluidics, often also referred to as “Lab-on-a-Chip” has made significant progress in the last 15 years and is an essential tool in the development of new products and protocols in the life sciences. This article provides a broad overview on the developments on the academic as well as the commercial side. Fabrication technologies for polymer-based devices are presented and a strategy for the development of complex integrated devices is discussed, together with an example on the use of these devices in pathogen detection.
Overview of the Long Term Objectives of the Journal Actuators
Authors: Tesar Delbert
Published: June 2012

It is a great opportunity to provide leadership and focus for the creation of a badly needed journal for intelligent actuators. Certainly, the field is just emerging from a nominal state of science, performance, cost, and universality. [...]
Growth Mechanisms of CdS Nanocrystals in Aqueous Media
Authors: Latterini Loredana , Iagatti Alessandro
Published: June 2012

CdS nanocrystals were prepared in water-in-oil microemulsions. The nanocrystal properties, absorption and luminescence spectra and size distributions, were monitored at different times after mixing the microemulsions of the two precursors to obtain information on their growth mechanism. In particular, CdS nanocrystals were prepared using water-in-heptane or water-in-nonane microemulsions. The results obtained from the investigation of nanocrystals prepared using heptane as the organic phase, confirmed that nanocrystal nucleation is fast while their growth is determined by droplet exchange content rate. Size distribution histograms obtained from the sample at early time points after mixing presented a bimodal population having average sizes of 3.0 ± 0.1 and 5.8 ± 0.1 nm, thus indicating that surface process controls the nanocrystal growth. With longer reaction times the occurrence of water droplet coalescence is likely responsible for the formation of nanocrystal agglomerates. Using a water-in-nonane microemulsion, the droplet exchange rate can be modified, thus leading to smaller CdS nanocrystals. However, the development of structural defects cannot be excluded, as evidenced by the luminescence spectra of the suspension. In general, aging of the nanocrystal in the pristine microemulsion resulted in the development of cubic semiconductor nanostructures.
Timing-Error Detection Design Considerations in Subthreshold: An 8-bit Microprocessor in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Mäkipää Jani , Turnquist Matthew J. , Laulainen Erkka , Koskinen Lauri
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the first known timing-error detection (TED) microprocessor able to operate in subthreshold. Since the minimum energy point (MEP) of static CMOS logic is in subthreshold, there is a strong motivation to design ultra-low-power systems that can operate in this region. However, exponential dependencies in subthreshold, require systems with either excessively large safety margins or that utilize adaptive techniques. Typically, these techniques include replica paths, sensors, or TED. Each of these methods adds system complexity, area, and energy overhead. As a run-time technique, TED is the only method that accounts for both local and global variations. The microprocessor presented in this paper utilizes adaptable error-detection sequential (EDS) circuits that can adjust to process and environmental variations. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the microprocessor, as well as energy savings up to 28%, when using the TED method in subthreshold. The microprocessor is an 8-bit core, which is compatible with a commercial microcontroller. The microprocessor is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, uses as low as 4.35 pJ/instruction, occupies an area of 50,000 μm2, and operates down to 300 mV.
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3-Substituted Benzisoxazoles
Authors: Ikeda Ryuhei , Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: June 2012

A variety of 3-substituted benzisoxazoles were reduced with hydrogen using the chiral ruthenium catalyst, {RuCl(p-cymene)[(R,R)-(S,S)-PhTRAP]}Cl. The ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation proceeded in high yield in the presence of an acylating agent, affording a-substituted o-hydroxybenzylamines with up to 57% ee. In the catalytic transformation, the N–O bond of the benzisoxazole substrate is reductively cleaved by the ruthenium complex under the hydrogenation conditions. The C–N double bond of the resulting imine is saturated stereoselectively through the PhTRAP–ruthenium catalysis. The hydrogenation produces chiral primary amines, which may work as catalytic poisons, however, the amino group of the hydrogenation product is rapidly acylated when the reaction is conducted in the presence of an appropriate acylating agent, such as Boc2O or Cbz-OSu.
Identification of Volatile Components of Liverwort (Porella cordaeana) Extracts Using GC/MS-SPME and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Bukvicki Danka , Gottardi Davide , Veljic Milan , Marin Petar D. , Vannini Lucia , Guerzoni Maria Elisabetta
Published: June 2012

Chemical constituents of liverwort (Porella cordaeana) extracts have been identified using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were rich in terpenoids such as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (53.12%, 51.68%, 23.16%), and monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.83%, 18.90%, 23.36%), respectively. The dominant compounds in the extracts were β-phellandrene (15.54%, 13.66%, 12.10%) and β-caryophyllene (10.72%, 8.29%, 7.79%, respectively). The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against eleven food microorganisms using the microdilution and disc diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied from 0.50 to 2.00 mg/mL for yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 635, Zygosacharomyces bailii 45, Aerobasidium pullulans L6F, Pichia membranaefaciens OC 71, Pichia membranaefaciens OC 70, Pichia anomala CBS 5759, Pichia anomala DBVPG 3003 and Yarrowia lipolytica RO13), and from 1.00 to 3.00 mg/mL for bacterial strains (Salmonella enteritidis 155, Escherichia coli 555 and Listeria monocytogenes 56Ly). Methanol extract showed better activity in comparison with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. High percentages of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons could be responsible for the better antimicrobial activity.
Xiao Han, et al., GHGKHKNK Octapeptide (P-5m) Inhibits Metastasis of HCCLM3 Cell Lines via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression in in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Molecules, 2012, 17, 1357-1372
Authors: Han Xiao , Yan Dong-Mei , Zhao Xiang-Feng , Matsuura Hiroshi , Ding Wei-Guang , Li Peng , Jiang Shuang , Du Bai-Rong , Du Pei-Ge , Zhu Xun
Published: June 2012

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [1]: the correct name of the fourth author is Hiroshi Matsuura. [...]
Synthesis and characterization of Sant-75 derivatives as Hedgehog-pathway inhibitors
Authors: Che Chao , Li Song , Yang Bo , Xin Shengchang , Yu Zhixiong , Shao Taofeng , Tao Chuanye , Lin Shuo , Yang Zhen
Published: June 2012

Sant-75 is a newly identified potent inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway. We designed a diversity-oriented synthesis program, and synthesized a series of Sant-75 analogues, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the structure–activity relationship of this important class of hedgehog-pathway inhibitors.
Sobre la evaluación del profesorado universitario (especial referencia a ciencias económicas y jurídicas)
Authors: Delgado Francisco J. , Fernández-Llera Roberto
Published: June 2012

La evaluación del profesorado universitario ha avanzado notablemente desde la aprobación y el desarrollo de la LOU. En este trabajo ofrecemos una panorámica crítica del complejo entramado de la evaluación, con especial atención a la investigación y a los campos académicos de Economía y Derecho. Asimismo, se sugieren algunas propuestas de mejora para aumentar la eficiencia y la transparencia del sistema. La evaluación del profesorado resulta fundamental para mejorar la calidad del Sistema Universitario Español. También es muy pertinente para discriminar dentro del colectivo, en un avance hacia la carrera horizontal, mediante la medición de la productividad, tema polémico en el Sector Público, pero no irresoluble. Los datos muestran que, tras los primeros años de andadura de las evaluaciones, se impone una profunda reflexión para mejorar el sistema. En particular, se sugiere reducir la «burocracia» e incrementar la transparencia y la objetividad del sistema.
Process Realization of Preparing the Plane Transient Diode
Authors: An Yu , Wu You Lin
Published: June 2012

The process flows of preparing the plane transient diode have been described in this paper. The process purpose, the process conditions, the process steps and the process methods of each part in flows have been also analyzed in detail. At the same time, the process technology of the qualified transient diodes has been also experimentally discussed, which has provided the foundation for the production.
Research on Spray Cooling Within Finite Volume Based on Eulerian-Lagrangian Method
Authors: He Guo , Wang Xiao Chuan
Published: June 2012

The two cooling styles of spraying cooling and water jacket cooling were studied for exhaust gas of engine within water-collecting box (WCB). Based on Eulerian-Lagrangian method, the heat and mass transfer between exhaust gas and water droplets were solved. By comparing the general characteristic index K/ΔP of six models with different tubes, the model with bended tubes is defined as the best model in which the length of outer tube is less than inner one. With the increase of water spraying flux, the gas temperature and the evaporation rate of water droplets tend to decrease. The decrease of gas temperature can be restrained by the phenomenon of “water assembled”, after the spraying flux rise to a certain value with continued increase. Compared with the water jacket cooling, the spraying cooling has a high heat transfer coefficient and a low cooling water cost, as well as reduces the resistance lost of exhaust gas.
The Sound Field Construction of Dance Hall
Authors: Hu Hong Bo
Published: June 2012

With the improvement of living standard of people in China, the degree of people’s desire towards spiritual life is becoming higher and higher, and the dance hall has become one of the preferred place for recreation. Although most of the dance halls have good hard wares, the audio effect is not satisfying which is related with the ignorance of acoustic environment. If the distribution of sound field is irregular in the hall, and the reverberation time is over-long or over-short which will affect the musical sense of beauty. So this paper makes a detailed description of the methods of creating the sound field of dance hall.
Bamboo Timber Mildew and Anti-Mold Technology
Authors: Liu Ya Di
Published: June 2012

China is one of the world's major bamboo producers, and the development and utilization of bamboo timber has become a new industry. But mildew often appears on both original bamboo substrate and bamboo processing material in the processes of storage, processing, transport and utilization, resulting in the pigment pollution of surface that affects bamboo quality and brings great losses to the enterprise. This paper describes the mildew mechanism of bamboo timber, the main causal fungi and the anti-mold technology, and also prospects the development direction of the research in future, which provided reference for the further study on the anti-mold technology of bamboo timber.
A New Approach to Cutting Temperature Prediction Using Support Vector Regression and Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Zeng De Huai , Liu Yuan , Jiang Lian Bo , Li Li , Xu Gang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, support vector regression with ant colony optimization is presented for the prediction of tool-chip interface temperature depends on cutting parameters in machining. Ant colony (ACO) optimization was developed to optimize three parameters of SVR, including penalty parameter C, insensitive loss function ε and kernel function σ. SVR constructs hyperplane in high dimension space and fits the data in non-linear form. Normalized mean square error (NMSE) of fitting result is used as target of ant colony optimization. ACO finds the best parameters which correspond to the NMSE. The results showed that the proposed approach, by comparing with back-propagation neural network model, was an efficient way to model tool–chip interface temperature with good predictive accuracy.
The Commercial Bank Card System Based on SOA
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Gang
Published: June 2012

SOA has been the effective technical solution to enterprise application integration and business process rebuilding. The paper presents a reference implementation scheme of Commercial Bank Card System based on SOA. In requirement tier, the implementation plan first establishes the full concept model and logical model of Commercial Bank Card System from business request(business use case-business step-atomic business) to system request (system use case-system step-atomic component), then in semantics tier, we give out full description of the model through the combination of OWL and BPEL. At last a SOA’s three-tier framework of “requirement-semantics-service” has been built for the Commercial Band Card System.
The Design and Implementation of Color-Matching CAD Software Based on Elementary-Weave-Structured Woven Fabric
Authors: Zhu Xiong Jun , Bao Zhen Hua
Published: June 2012

In response to the need of woven fabric color-matching CAD software in small and medium enterprises, the article proposes the implementation of software system based on elementary weave structure. Using Microsoft visual C + +6.0 application development platform, through the blending ratio of the fabric, color mixing effect calculation to develop a system which can rapidly match colors to the warp and weft fabrics and organizational structure changes. The results indicate that the software is easy to program and small pieces of weave fabric samples have tested its viability. The software can fast, conveniently and accurately simulate the effect of color matching.
Research on 'One-Map' Mineral Resource Management Information System (MRMIS) of China
Authors: Wang Li Fang , Wu Xiang Bin , Cao Hui , Zhang Bao Yi
Published: June 2012

Based on the results of national mining rights on-the-spot survey and related foundation and business database, the general idea and the tech-framework of ‘one-map’ mineral resource management information system (MRMIS) was studied through comprehensively and systematically analysis of mineral resources administration’s present status, business processes and the demands in the future. The ‘one-map’ should not only be a comprehensive map, but also a ‘relation graph’ that would reflect the businesses’ relations, and workflow driving approach should be used to realize organic interconnection of each business in ‘one-map’. The national, provincial, municipal and county four levels MRM interconnecting network was designed on the basis of C/S, B/S and M/S hybrid software architecture, and the integrated tech-framework of effective supervision for mineral resources administration and information services for the public was achieved.
Mixing Matrix Estimation in Blind Source Separation Based on Generalized Gaussian Mixture Modal
Authors: Chen Yong Qiang , Liu Jun
Published: June 2012

The accurate estimation of mixing matrix is critical for blind separation, for solving the problems of traditional methods such as bad robustness and low accuracy, a method based on statistical modal is proposed. The generalized Gaussian mixture modal is used to fit the distribution of single-source-points, a new objective function for clustering is obtained from the view of maximum likelihood estimation. Constrained particle swarm optimization is used to optimize the objective function, by which the mixing matrix is estimated. This method is applicable to determined and underdetermined blind source separation. The simulation shows that the proposed method has higher estimation accuracy and is more robust than traditional methods.
A System Framework for LTE SON
Authors: Liu Zhan Jun , Ren Cong , Liang Cheng Chao
Published: June 2012

To meet the requirements of reducing human intervention and operational expenditures (POEX) of LTE SON (Self-organization Networks), a system framework for LTE SON is designed in this paper. In order to match the standard IRP (Integration Reference Point), the framework is divided into six layers, and then functions of some layers are presented.
Cooperative Localization Method for AUV Using Acoustic Communication Measurement
Authors: Zhang Li Chuan , Liu Ming Yong , Zhang Fu Bin
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on double acoustic measurement for cooperative navigation of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles. Research on cooperative navigation of AUV is an important topic to solve the navigation problem in long range and deep sea. We investigate the improvement in navigation accuracy. In the Leader-follow structure, the leader AUV is equipped with high precision navigation system, and the follow AUV is equipped with low precision navigation system. They all are equipped with acoustic device to measure relative location. Traditionally geometry triangulation method is used to calculate the position of follow AUV, the method may cause fault error solution. Double acoustic communication measurement method was designed, which fused the proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors. The research results prove that the navigation accuracy has been improved effectively.
Efficient Radar Emitters Scheme Recognition Based on a Novel SVM Algorithm
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: June 2012

This paper proposed a efficient radar emitter signal scheme recognition method using a novel one-class SVM based Bayesian classification algorithm. First, it is proven that the solution of one-class SVM using the Gaussian kernel can be normalized as an estimate of probability density, and the probability density is used to construct the two-class and multi-class Bayesian clusters. The statistical characterization parameters of the multi radar emitter signals are extracted as the input feature vectors of the one-class SVM. Simulation result showed that the correct emitter scheme classification probability of the proposed classifier is comparable to traditional multi-class SVM classifier and better than the ANN based method. However, in the condition of large emitter mod class amount and large amount of training samples of each emitter signal class, the calculation amount of training and storage is only 0.5 percent of the traditional SVM classifier, which lead to less training time for the new classifier. In a word, the new mod scheme recognition method can be widely used in signal recognition field.
Target Detection within Sea Clutter Based on Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
Authors: Xu Zhan , Wan Jian Wei , Li Gang , Su Fang
Published: June 2012

We present the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) for target detection within sea clutter. The multifractal character of the sea clutter time series is discussed. The great hurst parameter differences between sea clutter and target by the detrended fluctuation analysis are available. Experimental results of IPIX datasets show that the proposed method performs better than that based on fluctuation analysis (FA). This type of analysis is promising an efficient framework for analysis of sea radar signals with several potential applications.
Automotive Tire Monitoring and Warning System Based on ZigBee Wireless Network
Authors: Luo Cheng Shi
Published: June 2012

This paper describes an automotive tire monitoring and warning system based on ZigBee wireless network. By using some components with ultra-low power like ZigBee network device, SP12 Sensor of Infineon which is made for TPMS application, MSP430F149 of TI Company, etc., the problem of inadequate service life of automotive tire pressure detection system is successfully solved. And the keyless door, automatic windows, automatic wipers, etc. of automobile are organized into an intelligent wireless network by applying ZigBee network. This paper describes the main components and provides the hardware diagram.
Harmonic Detection and Suppression of Frequency Doubling of Speed Measuring Radar Based on Closed-Loop Gain Control
Authors: Jin Qing Jiang , Liu Zong Tian , Xu Qiu Hong
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the problem of frequency doubling with speed measuring radars. The main reason for it is that the gain of the reflected wave receiver cannot cope with all the possible waves reflected by cars of different distances away from the radar. Strong signals will saturate the receiver and generate harmonics which interferes with the speed measuring. Based on this, a harmonic detection and frequency doubling suppression method is developed in this paper and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experimental results.
Design of a High-Loaded Clarifier and its Application on the Treatment of Overflow Rainwater
Authors: Tang Jian She , Huang Xian Huai , Zhao Feng , Qiao Jian Sheng , Li Ling Xia
Published: June 2012

Overflow rainwater is a serious environmental problem nowadays, which attracted the most researchers’ attentions. Accordingly, effective and economic treatment of overflow rainwater is highly required. This study aimed to design a high-loaded clarifier equipment and developed an innovative overflow rainwater treatment. The high-loaded clarifier equipment was consisted of grid, pump, coagulant, reactor, and the most important part of lamella clarifier with serried metal plates. The removal of pollutants in overflow rainwater with the high-loaded clarifier equipment was evaluated. The pollutions removal rate of overflow rainwater was investigated with 65% COD and 90% SS, approximately.
Healing of Cracked Concrete by Sporosarcina pasteurii Mediated Carbonate Deposition
Authors: Li Pei Hao , Jin Bo
Published: June 2012

A remediation technique of cracked concrete by bacterial mediated carbronate deposition i.e. bio-deposition is discussed. Bio-deposition is a technique that comes from a broader category of biomineralization. The aim of this study was to investigate the plugging of artificially cracked concrete using bacteria Sporosarcina pasteurii and combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in concrete specimens which was cured in urea and Ca2+ medium and to research the effects on the compressive strength and flexural load of healing of concrete specimens by bio-deposition. The remediation efficacy of cracks in concrete was studied through compressive strength test and flexural failure test. Experimental results show that bio-deposition is able to make the improvement in concrete compressive strength and flexural load. The technique can be used to improve the compressive strength and flexural load of cracked concrete specimens and the remediation of cracks.
Electron Transport of Boron Nitride Nanoribbons Materials
Authors: Zhang Dong Mei , Wang De Quan , Yang Hui Qin , Bao Zhi Gang , Zhang Yong Sheng
Published: June 2012

The transport properties of hexagonal Boron Nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) are investigated by the Green’s function method. The effect of triangle vacancy on the electron transport of BNNRs is different from that of perfect BNNRs. In particular, the features of the conductance steps are significantly changed in compared to perfect BNNRs. The conductance and density of state of zigzag Boron Nitride nanoribbons are calculated and analyzed in detail to explain these characteristic.
Preparation Process of Antioxidation Coating of Prebaked Carbon Anode Steel Claw
Authors: Liu Zhi Xiang , Qiu Zhe Sheng , Yan Ji Kang , Gan Guo You , Jia Rui Jiao , Zhou Yong Quan , Yi Jian Hong
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the preparation and antioxidant properties of SnO2coating of steel claw of prebaked carbon used as electrolytic aluminium anode was investigated. A denser SnO2coating on steel claw was prepared by high temperature glaze method . Phase Analysis , microstructure and chemical composition of the steel claw antioxidant coating were by Japan Rigaku D/Max2200 type X-ray diffraction, the Philip XL30 ESEM and EDS. the Oxidation resistance experiments results showed that the better anti-oxidation coating has a optimal thickness size of about 0.4mm.
Effect of Interface States on the Properties of a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Solar Materials
Authors: Zhong Chun Liang , Luo L.E. , Xia Y.Q.
Published: June 2012

The effect of the interface states on the properties of (p+) a-Si:H/(n) c-Si heterojunction solar cells is studied by a set of simulations. The results show that there is almost no effect on the short-circuit current. At very low interface states, there is almost no effect on the open-circuit voltage VOC and the fill factor FF, and then the conversion efficiency. Although, at high interface states, VOC decreases due to the decrease of the excess minority carrier density at the c-Si neutral region and the increase of the effective interface recombination velocity at the heterojucntion interface, which also results in the decrease of FF. In particular, at very high interface states, the hole transport is limited by the interface potential barrier, which results in S-shaped J–V characteristics and low fill factors. As a result, the conversion efficiency decreases with interface states increasing at high interface states.
Effect of Placement Pattern and Quantity of Iron Shavings in Reactor on Biological Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Wang Zi , Chen Zhe , Wang Hong Wu , Ma Lu Ming
Published: June 2012

Effect of placement pattern and quantity of iron shavings in reactor on biological nutrient Removal from domestic wastewater was conducted. The results indicate that: different placement pattern had obvious effect on TP removal, but had no distinct effect on TN removal; when iron was placed beside aerator, the highest TP removal can be obtained. Adding more iron can just slightly enhance TP and TN removal when iron shaving quantity increased from 5 g to 20 g per 900 ml wastewater; iron adding restrained transfer of ammonia to nitrate by microbe and this defect should be overcome in practice; 5 g iron per 900 mL is the best choice to balance good nutrient removal and low cost.
Noise Reduction of Elastic Structure Paste Viscoelastic Material Based on Complex Radius Vector of Virtual Source
Authors: Wang Yu Ming , He Yuan An , Shang De Jiang
Published: June 2012

It is hard to theoretically calculate the noise reduction characteristics for underwater complex structure of paste viscoelastic material. This paper introduces complex radius vector inside radiator based on the advantages of singular integral provided by traditional virtual source superposition method to calculate the radiated sound field from finite cylindrical shells. This method adapts truncation regularization filter to overcome the effect of background noise to enhance the calculation accuracy and then use impedance transmission theory to calculate the noise reduction characteristics of the cylindrical shells paste viscoelastic material. Numerical simulations show the calculation accuracy is greatly dependent on the size and position of the distributed virtual sources. There exists an optimal complex radius to minimize the error.
Properties and Application of a Novel Diarylethene Photochromism Material with a Naphthyl Ring
Authors: Wang Li Qin , Pu Shou Zhi , Yan Liu Shui
Published: June 2012

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2-methylnaphthyl)-2-(2-n-butyl-5-formyl-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene (1o), was synthesized and its optoelectronic properties, such as photochromism in solution as well as in poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) amorphous films, and the fluorescence spectra of diarylethene 1o were investigated. The diarylethene can be potentially used as holographic optical recording medium
Photochromic Properties of 1-[2-Methyl-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-Thienyl]-2-[2-Methyl-5-(Phenanthren-10-Yl)-3-Thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Li Xue , Fan Cong Bin , Liu Gang
Published: June 2012

A novel photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2-methyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(phenanthren-10-yl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene was synthesized and its photochromic and fluorescent properties were also investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromic, changing from colorless to blue after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA film
The Effects of the Sputter-Etching Power on the Formation of Conical Protrusions on the Surface of SUS304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Bai Tao , Zhang Qing Lian
Published: June 2012

SUS304 stainless steel samples were sputter-etched by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering apparatus. Correlation between the formation of conical protrusions on the steel surface and sputter power was discussed. The results show that the conical protrusion precipitates both uniformly and densely on the surface with the power being 600W, the anode-to-substrate distance being 50mm, the argon gas flow ratio being 50sccm and the sputter-etching time being 6h. The roughness of the samples sputter-etched at various sputtering powers for 6h was analyzed. According to the results, sputter-etching brings about the development of surface roughness, which in turn may affect the sputter-etching process
Anti-Corrosion Materials and Spray Technology in the Coastal Wind Generating Set
Authors: Sun Hong Mei , Feng Xi Guo
Published: June 2012

Through the depth introduction of the characteristics and the corrosion mechanism of the salt fog, analysis of the corrosion and hazards may be caused to the wind generating sets, from the epoxy zinc-rich primer, epoxy micaceous iron oxide intermediate paint, aliphatic polyurethane topcoat consisting of anti-corrosion material system, hot-dip zinc coating, zinc, chromium film coating material spraying technology，and other aspects to expound fan anti-corrosive means.
Mechanics Analysis of Protective Casing and Splicing Sleeve
Authors: Qin Jian , Qiu Ya Ping
Published: June 2012

The splicing sleeve is the important part in the transmission line construction. The stresses of the sleeve and its protective casing are analyzed by finite element method over the stringing sheave. Several important positions are investigated in the equipment. Typical situations are selected covering the entire stringing procedure, including horizontal position, 45-degree position and vertical position. Based upon the results, the safety assessment of the protective casing and splicing sleeve is conducted according schemes.
Coupling Analysis of Vibration and Fatigue Crack Propagation for a Breathing Cracked Beam
Authors: Cui Wei , Wang Jian Jun
Published: June 2012

The coupling effect of vibration and fatigue crack propagation for a cracked cantilever beam is studied in this paper. The dynamic characteristics and fracture mechanics parameters are calculated by using 2D 8-nodes elements in FEM code. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of breathing crack is described by a frictionless contact FEM model. Linear fracture mechanics theory is used to calculate the stress intensity factor. At resonant state, coupling effect is significant between vibration and crack propagation. The response of beam under harmonic excitation is extremely sensitive to the structure natural frequency decrease which is caused by crack length growth. An approach of sweeping crack length analysis is proposed in resonant response evaluation of cracked beam. Two numerical tests are calculated to investigate coupling effects at resonant state: crack arrest problem and crack unstable propagation problem.
Calculating Method of Assembly Clearance Magnitude of Centrifugal Pump Impeller with Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Li Li Hong , Guo Qian Jin
Published: June 2012

When designing the centrifugal cooling pump, the people have been accustomed to design the normal clearance of the impeller shroud by mechanical assembly principle only for preventing parts from interference. But in the practice, the shroud clearance magnitude of the cooling pump is very difficult to be confirmed because of either serious leakage or high power consumption. As so far, it hasn’t been specific theory about its magnitude which was designed only by a large of experiment. The boundary-layer thickness theory can be introduced to calculate the impeller clearance magnitude. This method first breached conventional experiment way in determine the shroud clearance magnitude and applied scientific theory to the engineering design. As a result, this method can save a great deal of industrial resources such as manpower, materials and funds, and give the more precise scientific reference to relative research about pump
Affection of Manufacture Parameters and Mixture Material on Plastic Alloy Bearings
Authors: Yang Cheng Yun , Peng Jin Min
Published: June 2012

Manufacture process parameters will be obtained from experiments in research. Molding technology determines the mechanical properties and performance of the product. The influence of molding temperature and time are significant on the performance of water lubricated bearing, the plastic alloy is based on latex material, synthesized with different fillings, accelerators and other matters, and displays great mechanical and friction properties. The main performance included peel strength, tensile strength and wearing capacity. Optimization of manufacture process parameters and the orthogonal experiments on them were carried out by integrating the results of experiments and finally the optimal manufacture process was achieved. In the experiment, three-leveled orthogonal tests were conducted for the three systems to test the tensile strength, tearing strength, stress at definite elongation, hardness and tensile rate. The impacts of the respective systems were analyzed and the content of each component are determined to get the optimal formula.
Pumping Underground Extended-Range Application Practice and Process Analysis with Mechanics
Authors: Qiu Li Jun , Yang Jia
Published: June 2012

The extended range device for hanging above the pump to increase the pump piston stroke.The diameter of the extended range is greater than the diameter of the tubing. The extended range and pump tube connection transition tubing and excessive sucker rod. Transition tubing and excessive sucker rod length is accurate. The limit position pump piston stroke is not from the pump body and not collide with the pump with the pump. The extended-range device installation location is away from two pumping tubing length.The output rod of extended-range device does not bear the weight of the sucker rod
Finite Element Modeling and Stress Analysis for Planetary Gear with Thin Rim
Authors: Huo Jia Feng , Zhang Jun , Song Yi Min
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a sophisticated and a simplified parametric 3-D finite element model for helical planetary gearing were developed sequentially with the help of ANSYS APDL. Based on the proposed two models, the meshing characteristics of planetary gear were analyzed and the simulation results were then compared. The comparison indicates that the simplified finite element model is capable of evaluating the gear stress with satisfactory accuracy. Therefore, an investigation on effects of primary design variables on gear stress and strain was conducted on the basis of proposed simplified finite element model. The investigation reveals that the tooth width affects the meshing characteristics mostly, followed by the factors of rim thickness, helix angle successively.
Research on Pre-Slip Gait Mechanical Contributions and Gait Self-Balancing Mechanics during Walking
Authors: Su Hai Long , Zhang Da Wei
Published: June 2012

Walking is a complex dynamic task that requires the regulation of the whole-body angular momentum to maintain dynamic balance while performing walking subtasks such as propelling the body forward and accelerating the leg into swing. To investigate the characteristic of slips and falls during gait self-balancing, a method was proposed that could better understand the effects of pre-slip gait response biomechanics on the risk for falls. A new segmental model of the human body was developed and this model would be used continuously measured locations from nearly 85 points on the body to produce a dynamic postural record of human movement. The muscles surrounding the hip were found to be most important in maintaining control of the trunk and preventing collapse in response to the forward perturbations (FP).
Power Spectral Density Model of Torsional Dynamic Wind Loads on Tall Buildings
Authors: Xiao Tian Yin
Published: June 2012

9 models of tall buildings with different rectangular cross-sections are tested in a wind tunnel. After processing and analyzing the measured data of fluctuating pressure on the models, the effects of models’height, aspect ratio, side ratio on the power spectra of torsional wind loads are studied. New formulas of power spectral density of torsional wind loads are proposed by curve fitting method. The applicability of the formulas has been verified by the results from the wind tunnel test.
Research on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete under early Stage Curing System
Authors: Wang Qing , Ran Kun , Ding Zhao Yang , Qiu Lin Ge
Published: June 2012

Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete under early stage curing system were studied. The results showed that at the early stage of curing time, compressive strength was improved significantly with the increasing of curing temperature and curing time. The compressive strength decreased and was close to that of standard curing condition at the age of 28d as the curing age increased. In addition, prolonging the storage time at room temperature before the step of high temperature curing could increase the long-term strength.
Water Storage Bucket Chain Convey-Cleaning Machine for Cleaning Up Coal Mine Water Storage
Authors: Jia Yu Jing , Zhang Da Yu , Cheng Guang Zhen , Dai Ying Jun
Published: June 2012

This Paper introduced a water storage bucket chain conveyor cleaning machine used in coal mine to clean up the underground water storage, which was mainly made up of the mechanical structure and electrical control system. The mechanical structure consists of walking flatbed, walking drives, chain bucket conveyor. Here focuses on the special structure, the working principle, the work process, the electrical control system, the working condition, the main features and the purpose of the chain bucket convey-cleaning machine. The machine structure was reasonable, the stress was even, the vibration was small, the movement was steady. It can not only adapted to a large water content of coal slime, but also adapted to dry coal slime. It overcomes the low efficiency of spiral roller clearance dealing with the large water content of the slime and the weakness when vacuum suction-type pneumatic conveyor is to clean the dry slime.
Features of Jianshanchong Klippe and its Control to Gas Geology at Qingshan Coal Mine, Jiangxi Province
Authors: Zhao Zhi Gen , Chen Jia , Yan Jia Ping
Published: June 2012

The coal and gas outburst is serious at Qingshan Coal Mine of Jiangxi Province, so it is of significance to research the features of Jianshanchong klippe and its control to gas geology. The research reveals that: Jianshanchong klippe is distributed from the east boundary of Qingshan Coal Mine to No. 45 Exploration Line, its transverse profile is like a funnel while its longitudinal profile is like a wedge, northwest side of the klippe is thicker and deeper while southeast side is thinner and more shallow. Because of the cover and insert of Jianshanchong klippe, the structure of coal-bearing strata is more complex, some secondary folds are formed, and also, the coal seam is changed greatly, the tectonic coal is well developed and the coal seam is suddenly thickening or thinning. Due to the effect of Jianshanchong klippe, the coal and gas outbursts occur in the area of secondary folds, thicker coal seams or tectonic coals. Concerning the prediction of gas geology in deep area, in view of the facts including simpler structure, stable coal seam and decreased thickness, the gas emission rate and the coal and gas outburst will decrease in Fifth and Sixth Mining Level than that in Second and Third Mining Level
Effection of Wood Extractives on Burning Time of Fuel for Add-On Bioenergy
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Cui Le
Published: June 2012

In order to explore the application prospects of wood extractives in the biomass energy, the several wood extractives were isolated by organic solvent. The results of functional analysis suggested that these wood extractives could accelerate benzene-alcohol’s burning, but played a certain role in inhibiting ether’s burning. This reslut revealed that the wood extractives had huge potential applications in the field of add-on bioenergy.
Orthogonal Analysis on Hardness of Nickel/Graphite Sealing Coating
Authors: Song Shu Ping , Li Chao , Ji Zhao Hui
Published: June 2012

Ni/Graphite seal coating was fabricated by flame spraying technology and the effect of oxygen pressure, the powder feeding rate and spraying distance on the coating hardness was investigated base on the orthogonal regression experimental design method. Analysis of orthogonal calculation results suggest that powder feeding rate is the key spraying influential factor valuing 140.884 which affects coating hardness; both oxygen pressure and spraying distance can be considered as secondary factors; the analysis of cross-sectional microstructure shows that the coating hardness value increases with the increase of graphite content; during coating deposition process, the content of graphite in the coating will change when adjusting the flame spraying parameters, which furthermore leads to that the coating hardness changes with variation of flame spraying parameters
Influences of Process Parameters on the Forming of YAG Phase
Authors: Wang Xiu Hui , Dong Jia Tai , Cao Ye , Zhao Guo Quan , Gao Hong , Yang Jin Long
Published: June 2012

Submicron single-phase yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12, YAG) powders were fabricated by solid-state reactive heat-treating a mixture of pyrolysis product, heat-treating isopropyl aluminum at 500°C, and yttria (Y2O3) powders. The powders were mixed by ball milling for 2~3 h doped with 5wt% aluminium fluoride (AlF3), and then heat-treated at 1200°C for 2~5 h. Characterized by XRD, mixing the powders by ball milling and doped with AlF3 lowered the heat-treating temperature and made the forming of YAG phase be single.
Preparation and ESR Properties of Silicon Nitride Nanowires
Authors: Chen Jin , Wang Xiao Gang , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: June 2012

We prepared Solid silicon nitride nanowires using carbon nanotubes as precursors., Si and SiO2 were used as raw materials,the reaction was carried out in ammonia atmosphere The structure, phase composition, ESR properties and oxidation resistance of the sample were investigated. The results showed that the sizes of the nanorods are 60–80 nm in diameter and up to several microns in length. In the products α-Si3N4 is the main component; the FTIR spectra of the silicon nitride nanowires have blue shift phenomena;The ESR properties show that the as made materials contains a large number of unpaired electrons
Gearbox Non-Ferrous Metal Bearing Wear Condition Monitoring Based on Oil Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xu Feng , Liu Fang , Zhao Peng Cheng
Published: June 2012

Oil comprehensive analysis technologies, which included oil routine physical and chemical analysis, atomic spectroscopic analysis, ferrographic analysis and filtergram analysis, were used to analyse gear oil samples. The results of atomic emission spectrometry and ferrography showed that the quality of the gear oil were normal. But, the result of filtergram particle analysis showed that the gear oil contained many large-size non-ferrous metal wear particles. So this gear box was likely abnormal or not completed. Thus, The organic synthesis of several particle analysis technology is an effective way to improve machine wear condition monitoring reliability.
Evaluation on Safety of Internal Bambooen and Wooden Biomaterials for Food
Authors: Guo Hai Yan , Zheng Zhen Zhen
Published: June 2012

China is the biggest country in producing and using of bamboo and wood products for food in the world. The quality status of the bamboo and wood products for food concerns the safety of everybody. Samples were taken for safety indexes testing from the provinces of the main production, and marketing of the bamboo and wood products for food at home. A preliminary conclusion of quality and safety status of the bamboo and wood products for food was drawn via the analysis for testing results, and some foundation work has been done for the quality control of the bamboo and wood products for food.
Effect of same Insulation Materials on Energy-Saving Potential of Different Buildings
Authors: Guo Chang , Yao Jian
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzed the effect of same insulation materials on energy-saving potential of three different buildings by using the energy simulation program DOE-2. The results show that the heating energy saving rate of the building decreases when the building shape coefficient increases, while cooling energy saving rate of the building rises and the total energy saving rate of the buildings will reduce.