bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EEG-based investigation of effects of mindfulness meditation training on state and trait by deep learning and traditional machine learning
Authors: Shang Baoxiang , Duan Feiyan , Fu Ruiqi , Gao Junling , Sik Hinhung , Meng Xianghong , Chang Chunqi
Published: August 2023

Introduction

This study examines the state and trait effects of short-term mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training using convolutional neural networks (CNN) based deep learning methods and traditional machine learning methods, including shallow and deep ConvNets as well as support vector machine (SVM) with features extracted from common spatial pattern (CSP) and filter bank CSP (FBCSP).

Methods

We investigated the electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements of 11 novice MBSR practitioners (6 males, 5 females; mean age 35.7 years; 7 Asians and 4 Caucasians) during resting and meditation at early and late training stages. The classifiers are trained and evaluated using inter-subject, mix-subject, intra-subject, and subject-transfer classification strategies, each according to a specific application scenario.

Results

For MBSR state effect recognition, trait effect recognition using meditation EEG, and trait effect recognition using resting EEG, from shallow ConvNet classifier we get mix-subject/intra-subject classification accuracies superior to related previous studies for both novice and expert meditators with a variety of meditation types including yoga, Tibetan, and mindfulness, whereas from FBSCP + SVM classifier we get inter-subject classification accuracies of 68.50, 85.00, and 78.96%, respectively.

Conclusion

Deep learning is superior for state effect recognition of novice meditators and slightly inferior but still comparable for both state and trait effects recognition of expert meditators when compared to the literatures. This study supports previous findings that short-term meditation training has EEG-recognizable state and trait effects.
Utilization of red and yellow Coffea arabica var. Caturra pulp: macronutrient analysis, carotenoid extraction, and encapsulation for dairy product enrichment
Authors: Rojas-Orduña Elkin , Hernández-Carrión María , Gómez-Franco Juan David , Narváez-Cuenca Carlos-Eduardo , Sánchez-Camargo Andrea del Pilar
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the macronutrient and carotenoid content of red and yellow Coffea arabica var. Caturra pulp, a by-product of coffee processing in Colombia. The study employed ultra-sound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract carotenoids, and a 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of pulp color, biomass-solvent ratio, and solvent mixture composition on carotenoid content and extraction yield. The condition that provided the highest carotenoid extraction was further encapsulated by spray drying and added to a dairy product. The results showed that coffee pulp has significant dietary fiber content and high levels of carotenoids, with yellow pulp having a higher content than red pulp. Lutein isomers and lutein esters were the most abundant carotenoids found in both red and yellow coffee pulp. The highest carotenoid extraction was achieved using a 1:40 (g/mL) biomass:solvent ratio and a 20:80% v/v Ethanol:Ethyl Acetate solvent mixture for the yellow pulp. The carotenoid extract also demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (46.57 ± 4.03%) and was found to be stable when added to a fermented milk product. This study presents an alternative solution for utilizing coffee by-products in Colombia, which could positively impact the families of over half a million Colombian coffee producers.
The challenges of access to innovative medicines with limited evidence in the European Union
Authors: Vallano Antonio , Pontes Caridad , Agustí Antònia
Published: August 2023

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) fosters access to innovative medicines through accelerated procedures and flexibility in the authorization requirements for diseases with unmet medical needs, such as many rare diseases as well as oncological diseases. However, the resulting increase of medicines being marketed with conditional authorizations and in exceptional circumstances has lead to higher clinical uncertainty about their efficacy and safety than when the standard authorizations are applied. This uncertainty has significant implications for clinical practice and the negotiation of pricing and reimbursement, particularly as high prices are based on assumptions of high value, supported by regulatory prioritization. The burden of clinical development is often shifted towards public healthcare systems, resulting in increased spending budgets and opportunity costs. Effective management of uncertainty, through appropriate testing and evaluation, and fair reflection of costs and risks in prices, is crucial. However, it is important not to sacrifice essential elements of evidence-based healthcare for the sake of access to new treatments. Balancing sensitive and rational access to new treatments, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and affordability to healthcare systems requires thoughtful decision-making. Ultimately, a responsible approach to timely access to innovative medicines that balances the needs of patients with healthcare systems’ concerns is necessary. This approach emphasizes the importance of evidence-based decision-making and fair pricing and reimbursement.
Temporal complexity in photoplethysmography and its influence on blood pressure
Authors: Xing Xiaoman , Huang Rui , Hao Liling , Jiang Chenyu , Dong Wen-Fei
Published: August 2023

Objective: The temporal complexity of photoplethysmography (PPG) provides valuable information about blood pressure (BP). In this study, we aim to interpret the stochastic PPG patterns with a model-based simulation, which may help optimize the BP estimation algorithms.

Methods: The classic four-element Windkessel model is adapted in this study to incorporate BP-dependent compliance profiles. Simulations are performed to generate PPG responses to pulse and continuous stimuli at various timescales, aiming to mimic sudden or gradual hemodynamic changes observed in real-life scenarios. To quantify the temporal complexity of PPG, we utilize the Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) and autocorrelation function (ACF). These measures provide insights into the intricate temporal patterns exhibited by PPG. To validate the simulation results, continuous recordings of BP, PPG, and stroke volume from 40 healthy subjects were used.

Results: Pulse simulations showed that central vascular compliance variation during a cardiac cycle, peripheral resistance, and cardiac output (CO) collectively contributed to the time delay, amplitude overshoot, and phase shift of PPG responses. Continuous simulations showed that the PPG complexity could be generated by random stimuli, which were subsequently influenced by the autocorrelation patterns of the stimuli. Importantly, the relationship between complexity and hemodynamics as predicted by our model aligned well with the experimental analysis. HFD and ACF had significant contributions to BP, displaying stability even in the presence of high CO fluctuations. In contrast, morphological features exhibited reduced contribution in unstable hemodynamic conditions.

Conclusion: Temporal complexity patterns are essential to single-site PPG-based BP estimation. Understanding the physiological implications of these patterns can aid in the development of algorithms with clear interpretability and optimal structures.
Impact of a peer-to-peer escape room activity in the learning of Human Physiology of medical students from the university of Málaga
Authors: Carrasco-Gomez D. , Chao-Écija A. , López-González M. V. , Dawid-Milner M. S.
Published: August 2023

Escape room’s popularity has raised over the past years among young adults. It creates a distended competitive environment, where participants collaborate to achieve a common objective through teamwork. We decided to apply this format as a teaching method for medical students at the University of Malaga, Spain. A peer-to-peer physiological cardiorespiratory escape room was designed by intern undergraduate students, collaborating within the Department of Human Physiology. This activity integrated the contents of the Human Physiology syllabus, which were organized into four stages that culminated in a final medical case. Intern students oversaw the design, promotion, preparation and execution of the activity, and were in charge of conducting the evaluation and follow up. The escape room was done in mid-December, after all theoretical and practical contents had been delivered, for four consecutive years, improving from each year’s experience. The target group for this activity were second year medical students, who were asked to team up freely in groups of four to six students before the start of the activity. The students in each group cooperated with each other while trying to solve the different puzzles and questions in each stage of the escape room. After the activity, the results of the final evaluation exam of these participants were compared against non-participants, who served as a control group. Qualitative feedback was also received from the participants via a special survey that was designed for this task. Results between 2020 and 2023 (three last activities) show that the final mark of the participants was significantly higher than in non-participants (6.39 ± 0.14 vs. 5.04 ± 0.2; p < 0.0007). The global exam mark also increased in the participants (5.43 ± 0.10 vs. 4.44 ± 0.15; p < 0.0007). A significant difference was observed in the performance in cardiovascular (p < 0.0007) and respiratory-related questions (p < 0.0007), which was substantial in the participants. The qualitative feedback received from the participants was mainly positive, indicating an overall acceptance of the format by the students. We conclude that escape room format with a peer-to-peer structure is an efficient teaching tool for medical students performed by medical students in the field of Human Physiology.
Integrative HPLC profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed insights into anthocyanin accumulation and key genes at three developmental stages of black rice (Oryza sativa. L) caryopsis
Authors: Mackon Enerand , Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon Guibeline Charlie , Yao Yuhang , Guo Yongqiang , Ma Yafei , Dai Xianggui , Jandan Tahir Hussain , Liu Piqing
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Anthocyanins are plants' secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid class with potential health-promoting properties. They are greatly employed in the food industry as natural alternative food colorants for dairy and ready-to-eat desserts and pH indicators. These tremendous advantages make them economically important with increasing market trends. Black rice is a rich source of anthocyanin that can be used to ensure food and nutritional security around the world. However, research on anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression during rice caryopsis development is lacking.

Methods

In this study, we combined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and transcriptome analysis to profile the changes in anthocyanin content and gene expression dynamics at three developmental stages (milky, doughy, and mature).

Results

Our results showed that anthocyanin accumulation started to be visible seven days after flowering (DAF), increased rapidly from milky (11 DAF) to dough stage, then started decreasing after the peak was attained at 18 DAF. RNA-seq showed that 519 out of 14889, 477 out of 17914, and 1614 out of 18810 genes were uniquely expressed in the milky, doughy, and mature stages, respectively. We performed three pairwise comparisons: milky vs. dough, milky vs. mature, and dough vs. mature, and identified 6753, 9540, and 2531 DEGs, respectively. The DEGs' abundance was higher in milky vs. mature, with 5527 up-regulated genes and 4013 down-regulated genes, while it was smaller in dough vs. mature, with 1419 up-regulated genes and 1112 down-regulated DEGs. This result was consistent with the changes in anthocyanin profiling, and the expression of structural, regulatory, and transporter genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed their highest expression at the dough stage. Through the gene expression profile and protein interaction network, we deciphered six main contributors of the anthocyanin peak observed at dough stage, including OsANS, OsDFR, OsGSTU34, OsMYB3, OsbHLH015, and OsWD40-50.

Discussion

This study is the first to report the investigation of anthocyanin and gene expression at three developmental stages of black rice caryopsis. The findings of this study could aid in predicting the best harvesting time to achieve maximum anthocyanin content and the best time to collect samples for various gene expression analysis, laying the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice caryopsis coloration.
Systematic evolution of bZIP transcription factors in Malvales and functional exploration of AsbZIP14 and AsbZIP41 in Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ding Xupo , Wang Hao , Chen Huiqin , Dong Wenhua , Zhu Jiahong , Wang Jian , Peng Shiqing , Dai Haofu , Mei Wenli
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Agarwood, the dark-brown resin produced by Aquilaria trees, has been widely used as incense, spice, perfume or traditional medicine and 2-(2-phenethyl) chromones (PECs) are the key markers responsible for agarwood formation. But the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of PECs were still not illuminated. The transcription factor of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) presented the pivotal regulatory roles in various secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants, which might also contribute to regulate PECs biosynthesis. However, molecular evolution and function of bZIP are rarely reported in Malvales plants, especially in Aquilaria trees.

Methods and results

Here, 1,150 bZIPs were comprehensively identified from twelve Malvales and model species genomes and the evolutionary process were subsequently analyzed. Duplication types and collinearity indicated that bZIP is an ancient or conserved TF family and recent whole genome duplication drove its evolution. Interesting is that fewer bZIPs in A. sinensis than that species also experienced two genome duplication events in Malvales. 62 AsbZIPs were divided into 13 subfamilies and gene structures, conservative domains, motifs, cis-elements, and nearby genes of AsbZIPs were further characterized. Seven AsbZIPs in subfamily D were significantly regulated by ethylene and agarwood inducer. As the typical representation of subfamily D, AsbZIP14 and AsbZIP41 were localized in nuclear and potentially regulated PECs biosynthesis by activating or suppressing type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) genes expression via interaction with the AsPKS promoters.

Discussion

Our results provide a basis for molecular evolution of bZIP gene family in Malvales and facilitate the understanding the potential functions of AsbZIP in regulating 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone biosynthesis and agarwood formation.
Polish version of the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire: validation and psychometric characteristics
Authors: Świątek Agata Hiacynta , Szcześniak Małgorzata , Wojtkowiak Karolina , Stempień Michał , Chmiel Marianna
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The purpose of the article is to present the results of works on the Polish version of the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire (AEQ). The AEQ is a 22-item tool for assessing aesthetic experience in the following dimensions: emotional, cultural, perceptual, understanding, and two dimensions about flow (proximal conditions and flow experience).

Methods

In the course of works on the Polish version of the AEQ, 3 independent studies with the participation of more than 800 people were carried out. In addition to the AEQ measurement, the tools included: the Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities Scale, the Brief Music in Mood Regulation, the Aesthetic Competence Scale, the Aesthetic Processing Preference Scale, the Need for Cognition Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale, the Material Values Scale and the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale.

Results

The results obtained in the three studies through Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated the compliance of the factor structure of the Polish version of the AEQ with the original and its good psychometric characteristics. It was also shown that the overall result and individual components of the aesthetic experience correlate positively with emotion regulation through artistic creative activities and mood regulation through music, aesthetic competences (music, literature, plastic arts, film), cognitive curiosity and some dimensions of aesthetic processing preferences. The studies also proved a very weak positive relationship between aesthetic experience and meaning of life. The assumption about a negative correlation between aesthetic experience and depression or materialism was not confirmed.

Discussion

The Polish version of the AEQ is a credible psychometric measurement and encourages scientists to design research on the psychology of art and aesthetics in the Polish cultural conditions.
Expanding Nature’s storytelling: extended reality and debiasing strategies for an eco-agency
Authors: Reis Cristina M. , Câmara António
Published: August 2023

Communication in sustainability and environmental sciences is primed to be substantially changed with extended reality technology, as the emergent Metaverse gives momentum to building an urgent pro-environmental mindset. Our work focuses on immersive econarratives, supported by virtual and augmented realities, and their potential to favor an improved relationship with the environment. Considering social aggregation dynamics and cognitive bias, this article intends to (1) make the case for a new environmental narrative; (2) position extended reality as privileged settings to sustain this narrative; and (3) suggest that this storytelling should be informed by Nature’s empirical evidence, i.e., ecosystem data. We see this as a chance to think this Metaverse with an embedded environmental consciousness, informed by behavior-change research.
Case report on antipsychotic induced catatonia in an incarcerated patient
Authors: Nguyen Han , Cannell Ruslana , Rollakanti Suman , Rosenthal Johanna , Seigler David
Published: August 2023

Antipsychotic-induced catatonia is an iatrogenic and debilitating adverse reaction, but there is a dearth of recent documented cases. This report describes a 35-year-old incarcerated Korean-American male with a history of unspecified psychosis who presented for antipsychotic induced catatonia after administration of haloperidol decanoate intramuscular (200 mg across the span of 1 week). Neurologic workup was performed including MRI, lumbar puncture, and electroencephalography. Despite an approximate month long hospitalization, benzodiazepine challenge, benztropine trial, and amantadine adjunct, our patient continued to experience bradykinesia, waxy flexibility, and mask-like facies, and was minimally verbally responsive. Several challenges in the treatment of incarcerated individuals at the hospital are highlighted in this case report, including adverse reaction to medication, difficulty of care coordination, and limited access to health records among providers.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Centro region of Portugal: a population based study of school age children within the ASDEU project
Authors: Rasga Célia , Santos João Xavier , Café Cátia , Oliveira Alexandra , Duque Frederico , Posada Manuel , Nunes Ana , Oliveira Guiomar , Vicente Astrid Moura
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Accurate prevalence estimates for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are fundamental to adequately program medical and educational resources for children. However, estimates vary globally and across Europe, and it is therefore wise to conduct epidemiological studies in defined geo-cultural contexts.

Methods

We used a population screening approach to estimate the prevalence of ASD in the Centro region of Portugal, using a harmonized protocol as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union (ASDEU) project.

Results

The overall prevalence was estimated at 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.7), higher in schools with Autism Units (3.3%, 95%CI 2.7–3.9) than in regular schools (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1–0.5) or schools with Multiple Disability Units (0.3%, 95% CI 0.04–0.6).

Discussion

The results indicate that the diagnosis of ASD is followed by the most effective educational policies in Centro Region. The variability in prevalence estimates across the different regions from the ASDEU project, and globally, is discussed.
Occupational factors and low back pain: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Feng Wubing , Jin Qi
Published: August 2023

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition and a leading cause of health function loss worldwide. This study assessed the impact of occupational factors on LBP using Mendelian Randomization (MR) method, controlling for confounding variables.

Methods

Based on publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), two-sample univariate and multivariate MR analyses were performed to assess the causal effect of occupational factors on LBP. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and sensitivity analyses to generate the total results for the univariate MR analysis. Furthermore, we performed multivariate MR analysis to assess the direct causal association between occupational factors and LBP after accounting for potential confounding variables.

Results

The total causal effect of genetically predicted job involves heavy manual or physical work on LBP was found to be significant (IVW OR, 2.117; 95% CI, 1,288–3.479; p = 0.003). Upon adjusting for potential confounding variables, the direct effect of job involves heavy manual or physical work on LBP remained statistically significant. Similarly, the total causal effect of genetically predicted job involves mainly walking or standing on LBP was also found to be significant (IVW OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1,035–1.975; p = 0.030). However, upon adjusting for potential confounding variables, the direct effect of job involves mainly walking or standing on LBP became insignificant. In contrast, the findings from the MR analysis indicated a lack of association between work/job satisfaction and LBP. Sensitivity analysis consistently supported these trends.

Conclusion

Our results supported a causal link between job involves heavy manual or physical work and increased risk of LBP, while finding no significant associations between prolonged walking/standing at work, job satisfaction, and LBP, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for LBP.
Impact of the progressive uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain, 1998–2022
Authors: Manzanal Ayla , Vicente Diego , Alonso Marta , Azkue Nekane , Ercibengoa Maria , Marimón José María
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To analyze the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and pneumococcal antibiotic resistance in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain for a 25 years period.

Methods

All cases of IPD confirmed by culture between 1998 and 2022 in a population of around 427,416 people were included. Pneumococci were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the EUCAST guidelines.

Results

Overall, 1,516 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected. Annual IPD incidence rates (per 100,000 people) declined from 19.9 in 1998–2001 to 11.5 in 2017–19 (42.2% reduction), especially in vaccinated children (from 46.7 to 24.9) and non-vaccinated older adult individuals (from 48.0 to 23.6). After PCV13 introduction, the decrease in the incidence of infections caused by PCV13 serotypes was balanced by the increase in the incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes. In the pandemic year of 2020, IPD incidence was the lowest: 2.81. The annual incidence rates of penicillin-resistant isolates also decreased, from 4.91 in 1998–2001 to 1.49 in 2017–19 and 0.70 in 2020. Since 2017, serotypes 14, 19A, and 11A have been the most common penicillin-resistant types. The incidence of erythromycin-resistant strains declined, from 3.65 to 1.73 and 0.70 in the same years.

Conclusion

PCV use was associated with declines in the incidence of IPD and the spread of non-vaccine serotypes, that balanced the beneficial effect off PCV13, some of them showing high rates of antibiotic resistance.
Mode selection of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction of traditional villages using dependency analytic process: taking Xiluo-Buzi village in the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake as an example
Authors: Huang Chao , Qiu Jian , Huang Tianmin
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Traditional villages are precious historical and cultural heritage sites. The selection of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction (PERR) mode directly affects the village cultural heritage protection and the development direction of post-disaster reconstruction. A scientific and comprehensive feasibility evaluation for selecting the PERR mode of traditional villages can provide sufficient evidence for the recovery efforts in earthquake-stricken villages.

Method

The author summarizes three PERR modes and constructs an evaluation index system for the selection of PERR modes of traditional villages. Based on the interrelationship of the indicators, the author has preliminarily established the Dependency Analytic Process (DAP), Based on this method, a model of traditional village PERR mode selection is constructed, and an empirical analysis is carried out in the case of the earthquake-stricken area of Xieluo-buzi Village in 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake, to discuss the selection of PERR modes of traditional villages.

Results

The authors have explored the application of the DAP in the selection of PERR modes for traditional villages and verified the effectiveness of the method. Since a large amount of actual research work is required to conduct an assessment, it is believed that with the widespread applications of the DAP, its superiority and practicality will be further demonstrated.

Conclusion

The protection of traditional villages is a dynamic protection process, in which the will of the indigenous people is respected, the social network of the indigenous people is maintained, and the fair rights of the indigenous people to participate in the implementation of the project and to enjoy the preferential policies and resource benefits are guaranteed, as they are the real main body of the heritage protection, so that the traditional village ethnic heritage can be inherited and developed permanently in the protection. DAP is applicable to the comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, particularly in situations where the importance of the indicators is difficult to be distinguished from each other. This is a new method to determine the weight vector, which has a broad application prospect.
Development of a new set of Heuristics for the evaluation of Human-Robot Interaction in industrial settings: Heuristics Robots Experience (HEUROBOX)
Authors: Apraiz Ainhoa , Mulet Alberola Jose Antonio , Lasa Ganix , Mazmela Maitane , Nguyen Hien Ngoc
Published: August 2023

Humans and robots will increasingly have to work together in the new industrial context. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the User Experience, Technology Acceptance, and overall wellbeing to achieve a smoother and more satisfying interaction while obtaining the maximum performance possible out of it. For this reason, it is essential to analyze these interactions to enhance User Experience. The heuristic evaluation is an easy-to-use, low-cost method that can be applied at different stages of a design process in an iterative manner. Despite these advantages, there is rarely a list of heuristics in the current literature that evaluates Human-Robot interactions both from a User Experience, Technology Acceptance, and Human-Centered approach. Such an approach should integrate key aspects like safety, trust, and perceived safety, ergonomics and workload, inclusivity, and multimodality, as well as robot characteristics and functionalities. Therefore, a new set of heuristics, namely, the HEUROBOX tool, is presented in this work in the form of the HEUROBOX tool to help practitioners and researchers in the assessment of human-robot systems in industrial environments. The HEUROBOX tool clusters design guidelines and methodologies as a logic list of heuristics for human-robot interaction and comprises four categories: Safety, Ergonomics, Functionality, and Interfaces. They include 84 heuristics in the basic evaluation, while the advanced evaluation lists a total of 228 heuristics in order to adapt the tool to the evaluation of different industrial requirements. Finally, the set of new heuristics has been validated by experts using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and the categories has been prioritized in order of their importance in the evaluation of Human-Robot Interaction through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
The way ahead: adaptive medical standards to optimize commercial space traveler health, safety and performance
Authors: Sobel Annette Louise , Orford Robert , Klingenberger Karen
Published: August 2023

The promise of space travel opens a new era of opportunity for consideration of space medical standards, health screening, maintenance, and even environmental threat mitigation. There is a significant gap in scientific knowledge between previously well-established aeromedical standards for suborbital, orbital and beyond present a significant gap in scientific knowledge and mission-specific physiologic responses to extended duration activities. This paper will review the current and evolving standards and examine gaps and shortfalls which must be addressed to ensure space traveler safety and security. In addition, we will address the international, cultural and educational challenges of which potential space travelers and their healthcare providers must be aware, and will present an approach to systematically addressing these challenges.
Harnessing oscillatory fluid behaviour to improve debris wash-out in ureteroscopy
Authors: Reynolds Harry C. A. , Turney Ben W. , Waters Sarah L. , Moulton Derek E.
Published: August 2023

In ureteroscopy, a common method for kidney stone removal, a ureteroscope is inserted into the patient’s kidney, through which working tools such as a laser are inserted. During the procedure, the renal space proximal to the scope tip is irrigated with fluid in order to clear stone particles and debris. However, even with continual fluid flow into and out of the kidney, stone dust may become trapped in vortical structures, significantly impairing the operating clinician’s field of view. Key to overcoming this challenge is a clear understanding of the flow patterns within an irrigated kidney calyx, and a modelling framework that enables to interrogate how different flow conditions impact on the wash-out time of debris. Previous theoretical studies have uncovered the interplay between fluid structure, in particular the presence of vortical regions, and dust washout, but only in a regime of steady inlet flow conditions. In this paper we model a kidney calyx in an idealised 2D cavity geometry, in which we investigate the presence and potential disturbance of vortical structures due to an oscillatory inlet condition, and the impact on dust washout, modelled as a passive tracer in the flow. By varying the flow amplitude and frequency at the inlet, we uncover a delicate relationship with vortex size and vortex disturbance, and we demonstrate the potential for significant decrease in wash-out time with low-frequency high-amplitude conditions. We then compare this result to the commonly used practice of flushing, a discrete and temporary increase in flow, and we also demonstrate the qualitative robustness of our findings to changes in cavity geometry.
An insight into the temporal dynamics in the gut microbiome, metabolite signaling, immune response, and barrier function in suckling and weaned piglets under production conditions
Authors: Lerch Frederike , Yosi Fitra , Vötterl Julia C. , Koger Simone , Ehmig Juliane , Sharma Suchitra , Verhovsek Doris , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U.
Published: August 2023

Little information is available on age- and creep-feeding-related microbial and immune development in neonatal piglets. Therefore, we explored age- and gut-site-specific alterations in the microbiome, metabolites, histo-morphology, and expression of genes for microbial signaling, as well as immune and barrier function in suckling and newly weaned piglets that were receiving sow milk only or were additionally offered creep feed from day of life (DoL) 10. The experiment was conducted in two replicate batches. Creep feed intake was estimated at the litter level. Piglets were weaned on day 28 of life. Gastric and cecal digesta and jejunal and cecal tissue were collected on DoL 7, 14, 21, 28, 31, and 35 for microbial and metabolite composition, histomorphology, and gene expression. In total, results for 10 piglets (n = 5/sex) per dietary group (sow milk only versus additional creep feed) were obtained for each DoL. The creep feed intake was low at the beginning and only increased in the fourth week of life. Piglets that were fed creep feed had less lactate and acetate in gastric digesta on DoL 28 compared to piglets fed sow milk only (p < 0.05). Age mainly influenced the gastric and cecal bacteriome and cecal mycobiome composition during the suckling phase, whereas the effect of creep feeding was small. Weaning largely altered the microbial communities. For instance, it reduced gastric Lactobacillaceae and cecal Bacteroidaceae abundances and lowered lactate and short-chain fatty acid concentrations on DoL 31 (p < 0.05). Jejunal and cecal expression of genes related to microbial and metabolite signaling, and innate immunity showed age-related patterns that were highest on DoL 7 and declined until DoL 35 (p < 0.05). Weaning impaired barrier function and enhanced antimicrobial secretion by lowering the expression of tight junction proteins and stimulating goblet cell recruitment in the jejunum and cecum (p < 0.05). Results indicated that age-dependent alterations, programmed genetically and by the continuously changing gut microbiome, had a strong impact on the expression of genes for gut barrier function, integrity, innate immunity, and SCFA signaling, whereas creep feeding had little influence on the microbial and host response dynamics at the investigated gut sites.
Serological diagnosis of fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica) in humans, cattle, and sheep: a meta-analysis
Authors: Drescher Guilherme , Vasconcelos Tassia Cristina Bello de , Belo Vínicius Silva , Pinto Mariane Marques da Guarda , Rosa Jaqueline de Oliveira , Morello Luis Gustavo , Figueiredo Fabiano Borges
Published: August 2023

Fasciola hepatica can cause problems in both animals and humans. Fasciolosis can be diagnosed through the indirect ELISA immunodiagnostic test. Serological diagnosis of Fasciola is based on recombinant antigens secreted by this worm. We used PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the published literature on ‘antigens with immunogenic potential’ used in serological tests to identify antibodies against F. hepatica in humans, cattle, and sheep. Studies that investigated diagnostic tests with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and/or specificity bivariate meta-analysis. In the quality and susceptibility to bias analysis of the 33 included studies, 26 fulfilled at least six (75%) of the eight QUADAS criteria and were considered good-quality papers. We found that most of the studies used native excretory-secretory antigens and recombinant cathepsin in ELISA tests for serological diagnosis of fascioliasis in humans, cattle, and sheep. The meta-analysis revealed that all antigens demonstrated good accuracy. The best results in terms of sensitivity [0.931–2.5% confidence interval (CI) and 0.985–97.5% CI] and specificity (0.959–2.5% CI and 0.997–97.5% CI) were found in human FhES. FhrCL-1, FhES, and FhrSAP-2 antigens gave the best results for the serum diagnosis of human and animal fasciolosis.
Research on the Correlations between Spatial Morphological Indices and Carbon Emission during the Operational Stage of Built Environments for Old Communities in Cold Regions
Authors: Zheng Fei , Wang Yuqing , Shen Zhicheng , Wang Yuetao
Published: August 2023

The escalation of the urban population and energy demands has exacerbated the carbon emission intensity at the operational stage of urban old communities. The spatial elements of the built environments comprising building groups, roads and landscape, and the spatial morphology of these elements, are endowed not only with human activities but also impact local microclimates and overall carbon emissions. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the correlation mechanism between the spatial morphology of the urban built environments and carbon emissions. In this paper, the aim is to combine carbon emissions simulation and statistical analysis to find the correlation between the spatial morphological indices and carbon emissions and to bridge the gaps. Thus, guided by the principles of urban energy modeling, this research adopts a parametric process of “information model construction–carbon emission simulation–statistical analysis”. First, taking 60 typical samples of an old community in Jinan, China, as objects, morphological indices such as density, texture and layout are analyzed through regression analysis to highlight their impacts on carbon emissions. Then, a carbon emission prediction model based on spatial morphological indices is established and verified. The results show that the floor area ratio (FAR), building coverage ratio (BCR), enclosure degree (ED), shape factor (SF) and average road aspect ratio (AS) have significant impacts on carbon emissions during the operational stage. Among these indices, the FAR and the ED are identified as the pivotal influencers. The findings confirm the important role of spatial morphological design of old communities in cold regions in improving urban carbon reduction potential, and they provide theoretical underpinnings and empirical data as references for urban morphology design formulated within the context of low-carbon objectives.
La biografia según Borges : teoria y prácticas
Authors: Lefère Robin
Published: August 2023

« La biographie selon Borges : théorie et pratique ».

Bien qu'il soit douteux que la vaste œuvre de Borges offre une seule biographie proprement dite (en dépit de Evaristo Carriego et des « biografias sintéticas »), on y trouve en revanche maints textes, de l'essai au poème en passant par le prologue, qui relèvent de la pratique biographique (à divers degrés et de façon plus ou moins atypique). Leur problématique typologie doit notamment mettre en évidence la poésie hétérobiographique aux troisième, deuxième et même première personne. Cette multiple et continuelle hétérobiographie doit se comprendre par rapport à la pratique jumelle de l'autobiographie et toutes deux en fonction d'une écriture fondamentalement auto-biographique qui tend à la révélation d'une essence personnelle et impersonnelle, entre autoportrait et automythographie.
Expression of p53 in a Tumor as a Predictor of the Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer IA–IIB Stages
Authors: Курчин В.П. , Бамбиза А.В. , Смолякова Р.М. , Готько О.В.
Published: August 2023

Цель. Изучить влияние уровня экспрессии p53 на эффективность адъювантной химиотерапии радикально оперированных пациентов с немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ) I–IIB стадии и возможности его использования в качестве предиктивного маркера для назначения адъювантной химиотерапии (АХТ). Материалы и методы. В период с 2008 по 2012 г. на базе РНПЦ ОМР им. Н.Н. Александрова проведено рандомизированное исследование, целью которого явилось повышение эффективности радикального лечения пациентов с НМРЛ IA–IIB стадии путем применения АХТ комбинацией препаратов цисплатин и винорелбин (цисплатин 80 мг/м2 в 1-й день, винорелбин 30 мг/м2 в 1-й и 8-й дни). АХТ проводилась с 14–21 суток неосложненного послеоперационного периода. Всего проводилось 4 курса с интервалом между курсами в 3 недели. У всех пациентов оценивалась экспрессия р53 в опухоли. Результаты. Молекулярный маркер p53 может играть роль критерия при отборе пациентов для адъювантного лечения, предсказывая высокую эффективность АХТ при негативной или слабопозитивной экспрессии тканевого антигена p53, если окрашено менее 15% окрашенных ядер опухолевых клеток. Заключение. Показатель экспрессии p53 <15% может служить критерием для отбора пациентов после хирургического лечения для проведения АХТ.

Purpose. To study the effect of the p53 expression level on the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in radically operated patients with stage I–IIB NSCLC and the possibility of its use as a predictive marker for the prescription of ACT Materials and methods. In the period from 2008 to 2012, on the basis of the RSPC OMR named after. N.N. Aleksandrov, a randomized study was conducted, the purpose of which was to increase the effectiveness of radical treatment of patients with stage IA–IIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1, vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 in 1st and 8th days). ACT was performed from 14–21 days of the uncomplicated postoperative period. A total of 4 courses were conducted with an interval between courses of 3 weeks. In all patients, the expression of p53 in the tumor was evaluated. Results. The p53 molecular marker can play the role of a criterion in the selection of patients for adjuvant treatment, predicting the high efficiency of ACT with negative or weakly positive expression of the p53 tissue antigen, if less than 15% of stained tumor cell nuclei are stained. Conclusion. The p53 expression index <15% can be a criterion for selecting patients after surgical treatment for ACT.
Modeling of Surface Modification of Stainless Steel by Halide Activated Pack Cementation Method
Authors: KAHRIMAN Fulya
Published: August 2023

In high-temperature applications, ferrous-based materials are important due to their excellent combination of desirable mechanical properties, ease of production, corrosion resistance at room temperature and cost-effectiveness. However, mechanical properties must be optimized against environmental effects. Depending on the industrial applications, various corrosion types may also occur. An approach to preserve the mechanical properties of the structural alloy being protected against corrosion is the application of protective coatings to the surfaces. Diffusion coatings are an effective method to obtain corrosion, oxidation and abrasion resistance against detrimental conditions of high temperature. According to the literature, the halide activated pack cementation method has been widely used for ferrous-based materials for a long time. However, most studies concerned with developing coating applications are based on experimental investigations that include microscopic, chemical, and mechanical analyses. Limited studies have been conducted based on computational alloy approaches. In this study, Cr coating of the AISI 316L steel by halide activated pack cementation method was considered as a diffusional problem and the kinetics of the coating deposition process were examined. The effect of process variables such as temperature, time and the compositions of coating layers formed on the surfaces were investigated thermodynamically with Thermo-Calc software and kinetically with DICTRA module. This approach provides insight into the dependence of solid-state diffusions on the processing parameters, and a better understanding of the phases that form along the coating and substrate material.
Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Acrylamide/Sodium Methacrylate/Kaolin Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Composite Hydrogels
Authors: GÜZEL KAYA Gülcihan , DEVECİ Hüseyin
Published: August 2023

With the advantages of their self-healing, stimuli-response ability, water sorption capacity and shape memory, hydrogels have been commonly utilized. However, new strategies have been developed to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of hydrogels in addition to increase their water sorption. In this study, stimuli-responsive acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogels were synthesized with the optimization of sodium methacrylate amount by free radical polymerization. With the incorporation of optimum amount of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) into the hydrogel network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels were prepared. With the addition of kaolin, swelling properties of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels were investigated in water under the effect of different pH and temperature. Maximum swelling percent of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels was determined as 24214% at pH 7 and 25 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that hydrogel samples were successfully synthesized. Morphological structure of hydrogel samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Both of the water motion through the hydrogel layered structure and water diffusion into the pores made the semi-IPN composite hydrogel more swollen material compared to the acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogel.
Audit Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Murid Baru Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5.0 Pada Sekolah Islam Al Azhar Summarecon Serpong
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nia , Narti Narti
Published: August 2023

This research aims to measure and evaluate the governance of the new student admission information system at Al Azhar Islamic School Summarecon Serpong using the COBIT 5.0 framework. The audit results indicate that several domains, such as change management and performance monitoring, have achieved the expected targets. However, the overall maturity level of the governance still needs improvement. Nevertheless, the implementation of the new student admission information system has been carried out with a comprehensive and systematic approach. Recommended solutions include improving program and project management, enhancing internal services, and achieving the desired maturity levels. In this study, the audit findings show that the new student admission information system at Al Azhar Islamic School Summarecon Serpong has achieved a level of F, indicating a complete approach and full achievement in the performance scale. However, there are still areas that require improvement, with the highest gap observed in program and project management. By addressing the unachieved processes and implementing the recommended solutions, it is expected that the new student admission information system will become more effective and efficient in supporting the admission process at Al Azhar Islamic School Summarecon Serpong.
Pengembangan Sistem Layanan Terintegrasi Pada Sistem Layanan Kesehatan
Authors: Rezki Nur Azani Bayu , Herwin Rolles , Mulyana Jajang
Published: August 2023

Sistem layanan terintegrasi mengacu pada kombinasi beberapa layanan yang terintegrasi menjadi satu sistem, memungkinkan pengguna mengakses dan menggunakan layanan tersebut dengan mudah dan efisien. Tujuan sistem layanan terintegrasi adalah meningkatkan kinerja dan efisiensi dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya teknologi informasi, serta memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem layanan terintegrasi dalam sistem layanan kesehatan di Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian menggunakan metode extreme programming dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak. Tahapan penelitian meliputi perencanaan, perancangan, pengkodean, dan pengujian. Hasil penelitian berupa sistem yang menyediakan berbagai fitur, seperti pengaturan profil pengguna, manajemen data pengguna, pencarian tenaga kesehatan, dan dashboard untuk pasien, dokter, dan admin. Pengembangan sistem layanan terintegrasi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan akses dan koordinasi layanan kesehatan di Kabupaten Karawang, sehingga memberikan pelayanan yang optimal dan efisien bagi masyarakat.