bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Feature Selection Method Based on a Self-Variant Genetic Algorithm Applied to Android Malware Detection
Authors: Wang Le , Gao Yuelin , Gao Shanshan , Yong Xin
Published: July 2021

In solving classification problems in the field of machine learning and pattern recognition, the pre-processing of data is particularly important. The processing of high-dimensional feature datasets increases the time and space complexity of computer processing and reduces the accuracy of classification models. Hence, the proposal of a good feature selection method is essential. This paper presents a new algorithm for solving feature selection, retaining the selection and mutation operators from traditional genetic algorithms. On the one hand, the global search capability of the algorithm is ensured by changing the population size, on the other hand, finding the optimal mutation probability for solving the feature selection problem based on different population sizes. During the iteration of the algorithm, the population size does not change, no matter how many transformations are made, and is the same as the initialized population size; this spatial invariance is physically defined as symmetry. The proposed method is compared with other algorithms and validated on different datasets. The experimental results show good performance of the algorithm, in addition to which we apply the algorithm to a practical Android software classification problem and the results also show the superiority of the algorithm.
Study of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Scorpion Toxins DKK-SP1/2 from Scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK)
Authors: Liu Yunxia , Li Yan , Zhu Yuchen , Zhang Liping , Ji Junyu , Gui Mingze , Li Chunli , Song Yongbo
Published: July 2021

Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK), is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for a long history for the treatment of many diseases, such as inflammation, pain and cancer. In this study, DKK-SP1/2/3 genes were screened and extracted from the cDNA library of BmK. The DKK-SP1/2/3 were expressed by using plasmid pSYPU-1b in E. coli BL21, and recombinant proteins were obtained by column chromatography. In the xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling model, DKK-SP1 exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.8 channel. Meanwhile, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, IL-6) was decreased significantly and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were elevated significantly. Moreover, DKK-SP1 could significantly decrease the Nav1.8 current in acutely isolated rat DRG neurons. In the acetic acid-writhing and ION-CCI model, DKK-SP2 displayed significant analgesic activity by inhibiting the expression of the Nav1.7 channel. Moreover, DKK-SP2 could significantly inhibit the Nav1.7 current in the hNav1.7-CHO cells.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Proteins from Arizona Bark Scorpion Venom That Inhibit Nav1.8, a Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Regulator of Pain Signaling
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Tarek Mohamed , Xiao Yucheng , Kline Jake , Gridley Harold , Heaston Alyse , Linse Klaus D. , Ward Micaiah J. , Rokyta Darin R. , Stockand James D. , Cummins Theodore R. , Fornelli Luca , Rowe Ashlee H.
Published: July 2021

The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 is linked to neuropathic and inflammatory pain, highlighting the potential to serve as a drug target. However, the biophysical mechanisms that regulate Nav1.8 activation and inactivation gating are not completely understood. Progress has been hindered by a lack of biochemical tools for examining Nav1.8 gating mechanisms. Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) venom proteins inhibit Nav1.8 and block pain in grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus). These proteins provide tools for examining Nav1.8 structure–activity relationships. To identify proteins that inhibit Nav1.8 activity, venom samples were fractioned using liquid chromatography (reversed-phase and ion exchange). A recombinant Nav1.8 clone expressed in ND7/23 cells was used to identify subfractions that inhibited Nav1.8 Na+ current. Mass-spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomic analyses identified unique peptides from inhibitory subfractions. A search of the peptides against the AZ bark scorpion venom gland transcriptome revealed four novel proteins between 40 and 60% conserved with venom proteins from scorpions in four genera (Centruroides, Parabuthus, Androctonus, and Tityus). Ranging from 63 to 82 amino acids, each primary structure includes eight cysteines and a “CXCE” motif, where X = an aromatic residue (tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine). Electrophysiology data demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of bioactive subfractions can be removed by hyperpolarizing the channels, suggesting that proteins may function as gating modifiers as opposed to pore blockers.
Mental Health and Well-Being of Solid Organ Transplant Donors. The Forgotten Sacrifices
Authors: Pan Xin-Hui , Toh Jonathan Zhi Kai , Ng Cheng Han , Tay Phoebe Wen Lin , Wong Neng Wei , Kow Alfred Wei Chieh , Vathsala Anantharaman , Tan Eunice Xiang-Xuan , Muthiah Mark Dhinesh , Lim Wen Hui
Published: July 2021

In light of a global organ shortage, living donor transplantation has become increasingly relevant as an alternative to deceased donor transplantation. While current research has revolved around the medical aspects of transplantation, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the quality of life (QOL) of living donors. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of the current landscape of living liver and kidney transplantation, with a focus on the mental health and wellbeing of donors. As highlighted in previous studies, organ donation has a significant impact on both physical and mental aspects of donor wellbeing, with marked deteriorations occurring in the short term. Furthermore, other qualitative aspects such as financial burden contribute greatly to donor distress, reflecting a need for improved donor care. To address these pertinent issues, recommendations for a successful transplant program are detailed in this review, which encompasses psychological and social aspects of donor care throughout the donation process. Further research can be done on the impact of recipient deaths on donor QOL and appropriate interventions. Overall, given the selfless sacrifices of living donors, the care of their mental wellbeing is essential. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on the provision of adequate psychosocial support for them.
Genome Characterization of Yellow Fever Virus Wild-Type Strain Asibi, Parent to Live-Attenuated 17D Vaccine, from Three Different Sources
Authors: Davis Emily H. , Thompson Jill K. , Widen Steven G. , Barrett Alan D. T.
Published: July 2021

The yellow fever virus vaccine, 17D, was derived through the serial passage of the wild-type (WT) strain Asibi virus in mouse and chicken tissue. Since its derivation, the mechanism of attenuation of 17D virus has been investigated using three 17D substrains and WT Asibi virus. Although all three substrains of 17D have been sequenced, only one isolate of Asibi has been examined genetically and all interpretation of attenuation is based on this one isolate. Here, we sequenced the genome of Asibi virus from three different laboratories and show that the WT strain is genetically homogenous at the amino acids that distinguish Asibi from 17D vaccine virus.
Retrograde Transgene Expression via Neuron-Specific Lentiviral Vector Depends on Both Species and Input Projections
Authors: Otsuka Yukiko , Tsuge Hitomi , Uezono Shiori , Tanabe Soshi , Fujiwara Maki , Miwa Miki , Kato Shigeki , Nakamura Katsuki , Kobayashi Kazuto , Inoue Ken-ichi , Takada Masahiko
Published: July 2021

For achieving retrograde gene transfer, we have so far developed two types of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with fusion envelope glycoprotein, termed HiRet vector and NeuRet vector, consisting of distinct combinations of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins. In the present study, we compared the patterns of retrograde transgene expression for the HiRet vs. NeuRet vectors by testing the cortical input system. These vectors were injected into the motor cortex in rats, marmosets, and macaques, and the distributions of retrograde labels were investigated in the cortex and thalamus. Our histological analysis revealed that the NeuRet vector generally exhibits a higher efficiency of retrograde gene transfer than the HiRet vector, though its capacity of retrograde transgene expression in the macaque brain is unexpectedly low, especially in terms of the intracortical connections, as compared to the rat and marmoset brains. It was also demonstrated that the NeuRet but not the HiRet vector displays sufficiently high neuron specificity and causes no marked inflammatory/immune responses at the vector injection sites in the primate (marmoset and macaque) brains. The present results indicate that the retrograde transgene efficiency of the NeuRet vector varies depending not only on the species but also on the input projections.
STAT-1 Knockout Mice as a Model for Wild-Type Sudan Virus (SUDV)
Authors: Escaffre Olivier , Juelich Terry L. , Neef Natasha , Massey Shane , Smith Jeanon , Brasel Trevor , Smith Jennifer K. , Kalveram Birte , Zhang Lihong , Perez David , Ikegami Tetsuro , Freiberg Alexander N. , Comer Jason E.
Published: July 2021

Currently there is no FDA-licensed vaccine or therapeutic against Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) infections. The largest ever reported 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak, as well as the 2021 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, highlight the critical need for countermeasures against filovirus infections. A well-characterized small animal model that is susceptible to wild-type filoviruses would greatly add to the screening of antivirals and vaccines. Here, we infected signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 knock out (STAT-1 KO) mice with five different wildtype filoviruses to determine susceptibility. SUDV and Marburg virus (MARV) were the most virulent, and caused 100% or 80% lethality, respectively. Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), and Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV) caused 40%, 20%, and no mortality, respectively. Further characterization of SUDV in STAT-1 KO mice demonstrated lethality down to 3.1 × 101 pfu. Viral genomic material was detectable in serum as early as 1 to 2 days post-challenge. The onset of viremia was closely followed by significant changes in total white blood cells and proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as by an influx of neutrophils in the liver and spleen. Concomitant significant fluctuations in blood glucose, albumin, globulin, and alanine aminotransferase were also noted, altogether consistent with other models of filovirus infection. Finally, favipiravir treatment fully protected STAT-1 KO mice from lethal SUDV challenge, suggesting that this may be an appropriate small animal model to screen anti-SUDV countermeasures.
An Appraisal of the Current Scenario in Vaccine Research for COVID-19
Authors: Chong Wai Chin , Chellappan Dinesh K. , Shukla Shakti D. , Peterson Gregory M. , Patel Rahul P. , Jha Niraj Kumar , Eri Rajaraman D. , Dua Kamal , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Shastri Madhur D.
Published: July 2021

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has drawn global attention, affecting millions, disrupting economies and healthcare modalities. With its high infection rate, COVID-19 has caused a colossal health crisis worldwide. While information on the comprehensive nature of this infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2, still remains obscure, ongoing genomic studies have been successful in identifying its genomic sequence and the presenting antigen. These may serve as promising, potential therapeutic targets in the effective management of COVID-19. In an attempt to establish herd immunity, massive efforts have been directed and driven toward developing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. This review, in this direction, is aimed at providing the current scenario and future perspectives in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Case Study of Effects of Mineral N Fertilization Amounts on Water Productivity in Rainfed Winter Rapeseed Cultivation on a Sandy Soil in Brandenburg (Germany) over Three Years
Authors: Drastig Katrin , Kreidenweis Ulrich , Meyer-Aurich Andreas , Ammon Christian , Prochnow Annette
Published: July 2021

Detailed knowledge about farm management practices and related hydrological processes on water productivity is required to substantially increase the productivity of precipitation water use in agriculture. With this in mind, the effect of the nitrogen (N) fertilization level on water productivity of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was analyzed using a modeling approach and field measurements. In this first study of interception loss and water productivity in winter oilseed rape, the crop was cultivated in a field experiment on a sandy soil in Brandenburg (Germany) under five nitrogen fertilization treatments with 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg mineral N ha−1 a−1. Based on data from three vegetation periods the water flows and the mass-based water productivity of seeds were calculated on a daily basis with the AgroHyd Farmmodel modeling software. As recommended from the recently developed guidelines of the FAO on water use in agriculture, the method water productivity was applied and uncertainties associated with the calculations were assessed. Economic profit-based water productivity (WPprofit) was calculated considering the costs of fertilization and the optimal level of N fertilization, which was determined based on a quadratic crop yield response function. Mean water productivity of seeds varied from 1.16 kg m−3 for the unfertilized control sample to 2.00 kg m−3 under the highest fertilization rate. N fertilization had a clearly positive effect on WPprofit. However, fertilizer application rates above 120 kg N ha−1 a−1 led to only marginal increases in yields. Water productivity of seeds under the highest fertilization rate was only insignificantly higher than under medium application rates. The optimum N level for the maximal WPprofit identified here was higher with 216 kg N ha−1 a−1. The conclusion is that further research is needed to investigate the interaction between fertilization and other farm management practices.
Appraisal of Super-Fast Membrane Bioreactors by MASM—A New Activated Sludge Model for Membrane Filtration
Authors: Orhon Derin , Yucel Ayse Begum , Insel Güçlü , Solmaz Bülent , Mermutlu Raif , Sözen Seval
Published: July 2021

The structure of existing activated models is inherently deficient in reflecting the major role of the membrane filtration. The study developed a novel model, MASM, for the membrane activated process. The effective filtration size imposed by the membrane module, entrapping larger particles, was adopted as the basis of the proposed model. The model defines a modified form of COD fractionation that accounts for the captured COD fractions as additional model components and utilizes related mass-balance relationships. It was implemented to test the fate of soluble hydrolyzable COD and the system performance of super-fast membrane activated sludge based on real data for the characterization and process kinetics of domestic sewage and denim processing effluents. Model evaluation was carried out for parallel systems with gravity settling and membrane filtration operated at a sludge age range of 0.5–2.0 d. Results reflected significantly better performance by the super-fast membrane activated sludge system for both wastewaters, underlining that it was crucially important to account for the captured COD fractions to provide an accurate evaluation of system behavior and effluent quality. This should also be identified as the major shortcoming of the ASM models for evaluating and predicting the system performance of activated sludge configurations with membrane separation.
Numerical Analysis of Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Onset Amplitude of Vibration with Atomization Experimental Results
Authors: Song Yu-Lin , Cheng Chih-Hsiao , Reddy Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2021

In this study, the onset amplitude of the initial capillary surface wave for ultrasonic atomization of fluids has been implemented. The design and characterization of 485 kHz microfabricated silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles are presented for the concept of economic energy development. Each nozzle is composed of a silicon resonator and a piezoelectric drive section consisting of three Fourier horns. The required minimum energy to atomize liquid droplets is verified by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software to clarify experimental data. The simulation study reports a minimum vibrational amplitude (onset) of 0.365 μm at the device bottom under the designated frequency of 485 kHz. The experimental study agrees well with the suggested frequency and the amplitude concerning the corresponding surface vibrational velocity in simulation. While operating, the deionized water was initially atomized into microdroplets at the given electrode voltage of 5.96 V. Microdroplets are steadily and continuously formed after the liquid feeding rate is optimized. This newly designed ultrasonic atomizer facilitates the development of capillary surface wave resonance at a designated frequency. A required vibrational amplitude and finite electric driving voltage promote not only the modern development in the green energy industry, but also the exploration of noninvasive, microencapsulated drug delivery and local spray needs.
Analysis of the effectiveness of school programs for the prevention of dental diseases: a literature review
Authors: Orekhova L. Yu. , Kudryavtseva T. V. , Berezkina I. V. , Shadrina K. V. , Petrov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Relevance.The high prevalence of dental diseases worldwide and their cumulative process from an early age entail effective strategies for healthy habits promotion. Schools are recommended to include oral health education programs in the curricula to develop a positive attitude to oral hygiene among students. The aim was to review the effectiveness of implementing programs in the school curricula to reduce the dental disease level among schoolchildren.Materials and methods.The research chose programs aimed at improving the dental health of schoolchildren. We considered educational measures on oral health protection, carried out by dentists, nurses or teachers within school programs and curative and preventive measures for schoolchildren aged 6-18 years. We searched the publications on the given topic published between 1999 and 2021 in the database e-LIBRARY.ru and  between 2016 and 2021 in the PubMed database. When selecting articles, the full-text study was compulsory to check the article conformance degree to the inclusion criteria.Results.According to the keyword search, we found 76 publications in the database e-LIBRARY.ru. After the exclusion of duplicates and articles nonconforming to the selection criteria, the review included seven publications. Four studies revealed caries reduction, and two studies demonstrated the improvement of oral hygiene. In the PubMed database, 419 publications were found according to the keyword query. The analysis of the effectiveness of school dental programs included 12 articles. Four studies detected oral hygiene improvement, seven studies – caries reduction, and six studies – dental knowledge and skill improvement.Conclusions.According to Russian and international studies, education without curative and preventive measures isn't effective in dental disease prevention in schoolchildren. Along with instructions and training in practical oral hygiene skills, schoolchildren should use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride varnish application and fissure sealing are the most effective measures in risk groups.
ANALYSIS OF NON-CELIAC GLUTEN SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Gonçalves Giulienny Maria Antunes , Granzotto Eduardo Euzieres , Nisihara Renato Mitsunori , Pachnicki Jan Pawel Andrade , Dall’Stella, Lucas Marin , Pazello Rafael Tedeschi , Hayashi Renata Mieko
Published: July 2021

Overview and Aims: Identify patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis and with gastrointestinal symptomatology by assessing whether there is clinical improvement of these from the adoption of gluten-free diet (GFD). Study design: They were invited to participate in the study by the researchers through telephone calls and instant messaging applications after selection in the clinics of attending physicians. Population: Through the GSRS (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) questionnaire, the relationship of GFD adherence to symptomatology attenuation and benefit in the quality of life of 48 patients was analyzed. Methods: Inclusion criteria: female patients with surgical confirmation of endometriosis who agreed to participate in the study in accordance with the Informed Consent Form (ICF). Exclusion criteria: patients who already performed GFD, patients diagnosed with celiac disease, gluten allergy or non-celiac sensitivity to gluten, presence of gastrointestinal comorbidities, severe diseases or cognitive alterations that prevented the study from being performed. The patients who obtained the top 20 scores were invited to adopt GFD for one month, among those selected, only 12 proposed to participate in the diet. However, three of these presented personal complications that prevented the continuation of the same. After this period, a new questionnaire was applied to measure the impact of the diet on quality of life. Results: Nine patients finished the proposed period for the diet, with the average score obtained in the pre-diet questionnaire reducing from 57.2 to 36 in the post-diet. Conclusion: There was an improvement in gastrointestinal complaints of most patients and consequently in quality of life with GFD.
Investigation of the main characteristics of organocomposites used for ballistic protection
Authors: Morozova T. V. , Kupriyanova V. V. , Osipchik V. S. , Yakovleva K. A.
Published: July 2021

The results of studies of the main characteristics of ballistic organocomposites with the use of aramid fibers of the third generation Rusar-S of various textile structures as a reinforcing filler are presented. Their physical and mechanical properties were determined, and an assessment of the splinter resistance of these materials was carried out. Use of new fibers in composite armored products enables to increase their anti-splinter resistance by 11%.
Calculated Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Magnetite Thin Films based on Modified Callaway Model
Authors: QADER Ibrahim Nazem , ÖNER Ecem , KÖK Mediha
Published: July 2021

Thermal conductivity is an important parameter for semiconductor materials used in the nanoscale applications. In this study, the lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of magnetite thin films was simulated by Modified Callaway Model. To fit the experimental data, some quantities, such as mean bond length, the lattice constant, and volume per atom were calculated. Also, the model is based on some other quantities, such as gruneisen parameter, electron concentration, and surface roughness that were found through fitting theoretical with experimental LTC. As a result, this model could work comparably well in all sizes, and the relationship between the fitting parameters and the thickness of the magnetite films was estimated.
Diferencias en el puntaje del examen nacional de enfermería en postulantes al servicio rural y urbano marginal de salud
Authors: Asenjo Alarcón José Ander
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: determinar las diferencias en el puntaje del Examen Nacional de Enfermería en postulantes al Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud en Cajamarca Perú, según universidad de procedencia. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, realizado en 68 postulantes al Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud 2020 – I en enfermería, se utilizó la base de datos online del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados principales: El puntaje promedio obtenido por los postulantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota fue de 14,36 ± 1,09, de la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca de 13,65 ± 1,40, de la Universidad Privada de Chiclayo de 12,13 ± 0,64, de la Universidad Privada San Pedro de 12,10 ± 0,84, de la Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo de 11,98 ± 0,70 y de la Universidad Alas Peruanas de 11,15 ± 0,21. La diferencia global del puntaje entre universidades fue significativa (p= 0,000). Conclusión general: Comparando el puntaje obtenido entre pares de universidades, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota con la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca no presentan diferencias significativas; pero si existen diferencias significativas entre la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota y la Universidad Privada de Chiclayo, Universidad Privada San Pedro, Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo y Universidad Alas Peruanas.

Descriptores (indicando identificador único): Personal de enfermería (D009740), enfermería (Q000451), atención de enfermería (D009732), rol de la enfermera (D024802), rendimiento académico (D000073978), servicios de salud (D006296).
From Court to Classroom: Deportation Proceedings and Reading and Math Achievement for Elementary Students from 1998 to 2016
Authors: Kirksey J. Jacob
Published: July 2021

With rising numbers of deportations over the last two decades, there has been a particular concern among educators and researchers that immigrant-origin students and their peers are experiencing educational consequences due to increased stress, anxiety, and fear of the unknown. This study examined the relationship between immigration enforcement and student achievement in counties across the U.S. This study used data from two nationally representative samples of kindergarteners, The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Classes of 1998-99 and 2010, and the number of deportations ordered from each immigration court provided by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. When combining the ten years of data, the overall analytic sample is n=114,990 child by year observations, with deportations varying in 79 counties from 1998-2016. Employing a cross-sectional, longitudinal design, a student, school, and year fixed effects model was employed to examine the association between deportations and achievement in elementary grades, exploiting variation of deportations between counties and across years. The results of the analyses indicated that increases in deportations coincided with declines in Latinx student achievement in math. Differences emerged based on student-level characteristics and across presidential administrations. Policy implications are discussed.
Tudo o que você precisa saber sobre: Crianças e o tempo de tela
Authors: Queiroz Leite Cleber , Souza Gricia Aparecida Rodrigues de , Ramalho Vladimir Gonçalves , Ferreira Flávia Albuquerque , Souza Vytor Hugo Staut de , Santos Thayná Bertolini dos , Lopes Noéli Cristina Gouveia , Rocha Flávia Santos Paulino , Braga Lucas Queiroga , Moraes Alexandra Letícia Alcântara , Terassini Flávio Aparecido , Santos Brian França dos
Published: July 2021

Considera-se “tempo de tela” o período de utilização dos dispositivos de tecnologia digital, seja em dispositivos como smartphones e tablets, seja em computadores, videogames ou televisão. No Brasil segundo estudos, 63,3% das crianças excedem o limite de tempo recomendado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
A Coagulation Mode on Bipolar Electrosurgery Unit Using 350 KHz Frequency and Power Selection
Authors: Asalim Tetra Putra Prastawa , Irianto Bambang Guruh , Indrato Tribowo , Lamidi Lamidi , Andriyanto Rizki , Bouzeghaia Nora
Published: July 2021

Losing a lot of blood during surgery using a conventional scalpel is something that is highly avoided. The purpose of this study is to replace the conventional scalpel with a tool that utilizes a high frequency whose duty cycle is regulated and then centered at one point. Researchers take advantage of the effect of heat generated by high frequencies which are centered at one point so that it can be used for the process of surgery and coagulation in body tissues so as to minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss. Researchers use a high frequency of 350 KHz which is set with a duty cycle of 6% on 94% off and is equipped with 3 levels of power selection and uses forceps as a medium to concentrate high frequencies at one point. The module design consists of a 350 KHz frequency generator, a pulse control circuit to adjust the duty cycle, a power control circuit as a power setting, a driver circuit to combine the frequency with the set power so that different outputs are obtained according to the settings, and an inverter circuit to increase the voltage. In this study, after measuring using an oscilloscope in the driver circuit, the average output amplitude at each low, medium, and high setting was 27.25 Vpp, 28 Vpp, and 28.625 Vpp. The results showed that the bipolar electrosurgery unit (coagulation) module as a whole can replace conventional scalpels so that it can minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss during surgery. However, the frequency generator and power selection need to be improved.
Design of Hybrid Portable Underwater Turbine Hydro and Solar Energy Power Plants: Innovation to Use Underwater and Solar Current as Alternative Electricity in Dusun Dongol Sidoarjo
Authors: Anggara Trisna Nugraha  , Priyambodo Dadang
Published: July 2021

The need for electrical energy in Indonesia continues to increase every year. In line with the increase in the electrification ratio to 100% in 2050, the demand for electrical energy is projected to reach 7 times, namely 1,611 TWh. To meet electricity needs, the government has created a 35 GW program, but one of the largest contributors to power generation fuel is coal with a share of 58% or around 50 GW which is estimated to be exhausted within the next 68 years. For this reason, innovations are needed in terms of fulfilling electrical energy by utilizing renewable energy potential, one of which is hydro energy, which is 45,379 MW from a total resource of 75,091 MW. Therefore, from this potential, innovations related to renewable energy have been created, namely the Hybrid Portable Underwater Turbine Hydro and Solar Energy hybrid power plant. This power plant uses an undersea current as a propulsion which is hybridized with solar power to increase the production of electrical energy. This power plant has the advantage that there is an Underwater turbine design that is resistant to underwater flow and a water flow direction to increase the work efficiency of the underwater turbine. From the test results, the portable Underwater turbine hydro produces 950 W in a day. Solar panels produce 65.6 Watts a day. The total hybrid that can be produced is 1.02 kW a day. In its implementation it can supply loads of up to 900 (VA) such as lamps, fans, TV, etc. This hybrid power plant can be a solution to help meet electricity needs in the area around Dusun Dongol, Sidoarjo through alternative electrical energy innovations.
Role of Religious Leaders in Mobilizing Communities to Counter Violent Extremism
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Sajid Imran A. , Ashraf Syed Irfan
Published: July 2021

Swat and Dir valleys in Pakistan have seen the brunt of post 9/11 violent extremism in the recent past. Because this extremism was generated and exploited by a few religiously motivated violent organizations, a popular perception emerged that all religious leaders of the society were involved in terrorism. Therefore, this research focuses on the role played by those religious leaders who involved themselves in mobilizing local communities against violent extremism. Employing a mixed-method research approach and sequential analysis strategy our data shows that most of the common local religious leaders played positive role in building community resilience to countering violent extremism during the early phase of the War on Terrorism in these two valleys.
health relationship with social interaction in students at MTS Al-Istiqomah Pasarkemis
Authors: Raestiningsih Devianita
Published: July 2021

The lack of social interaction between students and peers, there were 18 students in the closed group, from a percentage calculation of 75.1% and there were 6 students who had an open attitude from a percentage value of 25.1%. That way, it really needs efforts in dealing with problems with openness of students to someone who, according to him, the person he really trusts can keep the secrets of his every expression. This study aims to determine the relationship between mental health and social interaction among students at MTS Al-Istiqomah Pasarkemis in 2020. This type of quantitative research is random sampling. The sample used in this study were 114 students. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and the results of the health statistical p value were 0.000. This shows that the p value on social interaction is p value 0.000 with r = 0.469, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between health and social interaction among students. Students should be able to interact well between peers and people who are older than him for health with social interactions, don't bully between peers at school because it can affect mental health and social interactions in the environment.
Description Of The Accuracy Of The Diagnostic Code For Hospitalized Medical Records Based On Icd 10 In Dharma Yadnya General Hospital
Authors: Tirtayanti Ni Made Lia
Published: July 2021

A medical record is a file containing a person's medical records and documents consisting of the patient's identity, the results of both physical examinations and supporting examinations, medication, actions and other services provided by health workers to patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the accuracy of writing a diagnosis code on the medical records of inpatients based on ICD-10.

Demographic variables include age, gender and education of 2 respondents including the following: 1 respondent is over 30 years old while 1 other respondent is under 30 years old, 2 respondents are female, and 1 respondent medical record education graduate, while 1 other respondent is non-medical record. 1 respondent has a new category of service period, while 1 other respondent has a long service category. 2 respondents have knowledge value in good category about the accuracy of writing the diagnosis code. 2 respondents have attended training.

There were 67,7% medical records with writing the correct diagnosis code and there were 32,3% medical records. by writing an incorrect diagnosis code were not found or the identity of the coder officer coding on the medical record sheet was not found, so the researcher could not find out the coding error of each coder officer who provided the diagnosis code.
Spectral-Spatial Anomaly Detection of Hyperspectral Data Based on Improved Isolation Forest
Authors: Song Xiangyu , Aryal Sunil , Ting Kai Ming , Liu zhen , He Bin
Published: July 2021

Anomaly
detection in hyperspectral image is affected by redundant bands and the limited
utilization capacity of spectral-spatial information. In this article, we
propose a novel Improved Isolation Forest (IIF) algorithm based on the
assumption that anomaly pixels are more susceptible to isolation than the
background pixels. The proposed IIF is a modified version of the Isolation Forest
(iForest) algorithm, which addresses the poor performance of iForest in detecting
local anomalies and anomaly detection in high-dimensional data. Further, we
propose a spectral-spatial anomaly detector based on IIF (SSIIFD) to make full
use of global and local information, as well as spectral and spatial
information. To be specific, first, we apply the Gabor filter to extract
spatial features, which are then employed as input to the Relative Mass Isolation Forest (ReMass-iForest) detector to obtain
the spatial anomaly score. Next, original images are divided into several
homogeneous regions via the Entropy Rate Segmentation (ERS) algorithm, and the
preprocessed images are then employed as input to the proposed IIF detector to
obtain the spectral anomaly score. Finally, we fuse the spatial and spectral anomaly scores by
combining them linearly to predict anomaly pixels. The experimental results on four real
hyperspectral data sets demonstrate that the proposed detector outperforms
other state-of-the-art methods.
Towards Foodservice Robotics: a taxonomy of actions of foodservice workers and a critical review of supportive technology
Authors: Pereira Débora , Bozzato Arianna , Dario Paolo , Ciuti Gastone
Published: July 2021

This paper was motivated by a critical need in foodservice: the ability to produce consistent and high-quality meals ad-hoc, without overloading the workers or harming their health. Robotic and autonomous systems are promising technologies to solve this. However, there is not a unified framework in robotics research focused on the professional foodservice environment. This paper provides two tools for researchers and engineers in this field: (i) a taxonomy of basic actions that foodservice workers perform during their physical tasks; and (ii) a systematic review of mechatronic systems being developed or already in use in foodservice. The taxonomy can be immediately useful to divide research and development by the classes of actions. In addition, we found specific categories of actions that have been rarely automated so far and need further investigation. The results of our review can be readily applied in industry, too: presently, most equipment is a custom-built machine with limited adaptiveness; when systems include industrial robots, cobots are being preferred; the implementation of collaborative operations between humans and robots is not common yet and its applicability may be suitable only for certain contexts; finally, we identify scientific publications introducing adaptive control strategies and movement policies for some actions that can be implemented today to achieve a more robust actuation.
Avoiding normalization uncertainties in deep learning architectures for end-to-end communication
Authors: Bos Simon , Vinogradov Evgenii , Pollin Sofie
Published: July 2021

Recently, deep learning is considered to optimize the end-to-end performance of digital communication systems. The promise of learning a digital communication scheme from data is attractive, since this makes the scheme adaptable and precisely tunable to many scenarios and channel models. In this paper, we analyse a widely used neural network architecture and show that the training of the end-to-end architecture suffers from normalization errors introduced by an average power constraint. To solve this issue, we propose a modified architecture: shifting the batch slicing after the normalization layer. This approach meets the normalization constraints better, especially in the case of small batch sizes. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that our modified architecture leads to significantly improved performance of trained models, even for large batch sizes where normalization constraints are more easily met.
Novel archetype of fluid-based energy generation system from human footsteps
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Karim Mowaz
Published: July 2021

This work represents a novel fluid based energy
harvesting paver from human footsteps.
Investigating the Discrimination Ability of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Altered Brain MRI Parametric Maps
Authors: Mattia Giulia Maria , Nemmi Federico , Villain Edouard , Le Lann Marie-Véronique , Franceries Xavier , Péran Patrice
Published: July 2021

Convolutional neural networks are gradually being recognized in the neuroimaging community as a powerful tool for image analysis. In the present study, we tested the ability of 3D convolutional neural networks to discriminate between whole-brain parametric maps obtained from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Original parametric maps were subjected to intensity-based region-specific alterations, to create altered maps. To analyze how position, size and intensity of altered regions affected the networks’ learning process, we generated monoregion and biregion maps by systematically modifying the size and intensity of one or two brain regions in each image. We assessed network performance over a range of intensity increases and combinations of maps, carrying out 10-fold cross-validation and using a hold-out set for testing. We then tested the networks trained with monoregion images on the corresponding biregion images and vice versa. Results showed an inversely proportional link between size and intensity for the monoregion networks, in that the larger the region, the smaller the increase in intensity needed to achieve good performances. Accuracy was better for biregion networks than for their monoregion counterparts, showing that altering more than one region in the brain can improve discrimination. Monoregion networks correctly detected their target region in biregion maps, whereas biregion networks could only detect one of the two target regions at most. Biregion networks therefore learned a more complex pattern that was absent from the monoregion images. This deep learning approach could be tailored to explore the behavior of other convolutional neural networks for other regions of interest.
Sodium and glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors: a new class of drugs for the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Kuzmin O. B. , Belyanin V. V. , Buchneva N. V. , Landar K. N. , Serdyuk S. V.
Published: July 2021

Inhibitors of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that have recently been introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to CREDENCE study, the inclusion of canagliflozin in drug therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not only provides adequate control of blood glucose but also has a pronounced nephroprotective effect, which manifests in a significant reduction in the risk of progression of renal dysfunction in patients with stages 2, 3a and 3b CKD. The identification of nephroprotective effects in SGLT2 inhibitors, which is not related to their antihyperglycemic effect, suggests the possibility of using drugs of this class for drug therapy of patients with CKD of non-diabetic etiology. The review presents the data of clinical studies devoted to elucidating the participation of diuretic action and the associated decrease in blood pressure and venous stasis in the kidneys, improving glomerular hemodynamics and inhibiting the activity of intrarenal RAS in the mechanism of nephroprotective action of these drugs. Large-scale DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY studies are currently underway, the results of which will provide information on the clinical efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in non-diabetic patients with the impaired renal function of varying severity, including those with stage 4 CKD. Initial data obtained in the DAPA-CKD trial indicated that dapagliflozin, when added to nephroprotective therapy, significantly improves renal outcomes not only in patients with type 2 diabetes but also in patients with CKD of non-diabetic origin, including those with glomerulonephritis, hypertensive nephropathy, and other kidney damage.
Predictive value of the conditions for the optimal dialysis initiation (Meta-analysis of observational studies)
Authors: Dobronravov V. A. , Karunnaya A. V.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. The survival of dialysis patients remains unsatisfactory. A number of observational studies have shown that the conditions of initiation of dialysis can influence long-term outcomes, including mortality.

THE AIM. To compare the mortality of patients under predefined conditions of optimal (planned) and suboptimal (unplanned) dialysis initiation.

METHODS. Using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to June 2020, we conducted a systematic search for studies that examined the overall mortality of patients who met or did not meet the predefined conditions for an “optimal” start of renal replacement therapy (RRT): planned vs. unplanned onset; initiation of substitution therapy on permanent access vs. temporary; with priorobservation of the nephrologist vs. without it. As a result of a systematic search, subsequent analysis and selection of publica tions, 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis (total number of incident patients was 22755; 13680 patients met the conditions of the optimal dialysis start).

RESULTS. All-cause mortality among patients with the conditions of suboptimal dialysis start was higher than in those with the optimal start (34.4 % vs. 46.6 %, p<0,001) with the increase in the relative risk (RR) of fatal outcome by 35.1 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.8 %-39.4 %, p<0.0001). Estimated number of patients needed to start dialysis in the optimal conditions to prevent 1 death was 8 (95 % CI 7-9).

CONCLUSION. The meta-analysis demonstrated the relationship between the urgent initiation of RRT, the use of temporary access for dialysis, and the lack of timely prior follow-up by a nephrologist with an increase in mortality. Prevention of dialysis initiation in these suboptimal conditions in real-world clinical practice can be an effective tool for improving patient-centered outcomes.
Improving the quality assessment of goods movement objects in the context of modern challenges to economic security
Authors: Sinchenko Georgiy
Published: July 2021

A look at the Nuremberg Code in which the so called “Doctors’ Trial” carried out in 1946—1947 by the American occupation authorities laid down the moral principles of experimental research on humans needs to be updated, since over the past almost seventy five years a layer of factual errors and fictitious assessments has formed around it. This paper offers a critical review of this phenomenon based on more than sixty Russian- and English-language scientific publications, as well as other sources including official court materials content analysis. A historical approach is taken, thanks to which the text of the Nuremberg Code appears as the result of a process that took place under the influence of many factors in the period before and during the trial. The thesis is put forward that the subsequent formation of a contradictory and kaleidoscopic image of the Code leads to its transformation into a historical legend.
Digital law: problems of forming a categorical apparatus
Authors: Treushnikov I. , Gryaznova E.
Published: July 2021

In the conditions of information civilization, the advanced countries of the world are moving to the format of the digital economy. This leads to the emergence of new digital phenomena for society and every person. Digital law as an innovative phenomenon for Russian society arises in connection with the need to develop new mechanisms for regulating legal relations in the digital information environment. However, debatable questions about the definitions of key categories and concepts that make up the categorical apparatus of digital law lead to inconsistencies in the adopted laws, which subsequently manifests itself in the problems of regulating digital social relations in society. The article considers the main contradictions and problems of terminology in digital law at the present stage of development.
Analysis of the causes and conditions that generate budget crime
Authors: Shcherbakova Maria , Vershinina Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the causes and conditions of crime, examines the opinions of experts on the factors that affect its occurrence and development, and assesses the attractiveness of the public sector for committing crimes.
On the polysemy of the concept of “fiction” in the language of law
Authors: Abdulkhannyanov Ilyas
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates the idea that one of the factors of the development of legal science, in particular legal technology, is the degree of development of its categorical and conceptual apparatus. As one of the reasons preventing its formation is called inherent in any language property - polysemy. On the example of studying such a category as fiction, refracted through the prism of law, the negative consequences caused by its ambiguity are demonstrated. It is concluded that there is a need for a clear distinction between the existing meanings of words in the course of the formulation of special legal terms.