bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCD microscopy-image analysis by Group for Intelligent Systems GIS
Authors: Jovanovic Aleksandar , Djordjevic Zoran , Maric Filip , Maric Miroslav , Perisic Dragoljub
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND: Classic microscopy does not allow dealing with visual and photographic phenomena, observation of the distinctions where they are needed, or carrying out of any image processing other than cutting. Digital imaging provided more detailed and distinctive insights, and formed the basis for the development of the image processing tools and techniques that transcended in potential and power all initial expectations. The purpose of this article is to present our achievements in this area. METHODS: The starting point is that the matrix. Digital image is a discrete approximation of the continuous two-argument function. Analogue original is a fair basis to start building good mathematical representations of present objects structures, features, which are then subjected to calculations transformations and analyses that could precisely match the predefined aims. These analyses are: Photomorphology 3D model with morphometrics and full 3D navigation, mathematical representations of granular forms in images, object contours, mathematical representations of chromosomes with mathematical definition of similarity, automatic procedures, such as pattern normalizations, matching, classifications, which leads to broader application of Artificial Intelligence methodology. RESULTS: We developed a method and a complex software environment for microscopic imaging, with many tools and algorithms that proved to be useful in genetics, pathology, and oncology. The presented method is prepared and available for further generalizations and automatization, easily bridging to intelligent systems. CONCLUSION: Microscopic imaging is powerful new high-tech domain of great assistance in biomedical research and medical practice that is revolutionizing real time diagnostic methods and potential, matching the power of molecular biology techniques. Being the pioneers in the microscopic imaging, we are pleased that it is exponentially expanding to the general benefit.
Locally advanced breast cancer as a model for biomarkers research
Authors: Nikolic-Vukosavljevic Dragica
Published: August 2005

The presence of the tumor in locally advanced breast cancer as an in vivo model offers the possibility of studying the effect of primary anticancer therapy on biological parameters. The hypothesis is that changes in certain molecular biomarkers, particular determinants of tumor growth such as proliferation or apoptosis, or molecular biomarkers of angiogenesis modulation, may predict clinical outcome. In this review, numerous molecular biomarkers of proliferation (ER alpha and ER beta, PR, EGF-R family) and apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2 family), as well as molecular biomarkers of angiogenesis (FGF, VEGF) are discussed for their possible role in locally advanced breast cancer growth.
Prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Markovic Ivan , Dzodic Radan , Inic Momcilo , Juskic Milovan , Jokic Neven , Zegarac Milan
Published: August 2005

High cure rates are achieved after initial treatment of patients who develop differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and long-term out come is usually favorable. However, some patients are at high risk of recurrence and even of death. These patients can be identified at the time of diagnosis by using well-established prognostic factors. The extents of primary operation on thyroid gland and regional lymph nodes, radioiodine ablation, as well as other treatment features still remain controversial. The most appropriate initial treatment can be applied and follow-up can be finely tailored. Prognostic factors for DTC are defined as specific features of patients (age, gender), tumors (histology, extent, aneuploidy), and treatment. During the past two decades the great efforts were made to establish the optimal prognostic scoring system that should include the most important prognostic factors for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The article reviews the chronology of prognostic scoring systems with their main characteristics in a goal to make easier the decision of adequate initial treatment modalities based on risk groups of patients with DTC.
A case of carcinoma of the breast with metaplasia to chondrosarcoma: Light microscopic and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Fenyvesi Attila
Published: August 2005

The breast carcinomas with metaplasia are rare neoplasms showing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. We described clinical behavior radiology findings and pathological features in case of breast carcinoma with heterologous chondrosarcomatoid metaplasia. The light microscopic features and the immunohistochemical markers of metaplastic carcinomas were highlighted in this paper with discussion focusing on histogenesis of this type of tumor.
Risk factors for colorectal cancer
Authors: Mihajlovic-Bozic Vesna
Published: August 2005

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in human population. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in our country. The incidence of colorectal cancer increases in the fifth decade of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between colorectal cancer and potential risk factors. A case-control study of colorectal cancer was carried out between 1998 and 1999 in Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Digestive Surgery. A total of 100 cases of newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by histopathology and an equal number of controls, individually matched by gender and age (+/-5 years), were chosen from patients from the same hospital with no history of cancer at all. McNemar test and conditional logistic regression were used in the analysis. According to logistic regression analysis the following risk factors were independently related with the occurrence of colorectal cancer: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and diet rich in red meat and fat promote the carcinogenic process; food rich in vegetables, fruits, grains, vitamin C, physical activity, and oral contraceptive use inhibit the same process. A family history of cancer and long standing inflammatory bowel diseases also have significant role. There is convincing evidence that nutrition affects colorectal carcinogenesis in a complex fashion.
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the jejunum associated with mesenteric lipodystrophy: A case report
Authors: Petrovic Dragana , Jovanovic Darjana , Guduric Branimir , Filipovic Boris , Mutibaric Aleksandar
Published: August 2005

Mesenteric lipodystrophy is a rare condition characterized by a nonspecific inflammatory process that involves the root of the mesentery in a lipoma-like lesion. We reported a case of sclerosing mesenteritis presenting as recurrent abdominal pain, profound weight loss, dilated cardiomyopathy, malabsorption and a mass on computed tomography scan of the abdomen in a 42 years old man with previous history of lymphoma. Because of the wider differential diagnosis in such cases, the patient underwent an extensive workup culminating in a laparoscopy with biopsy. This case illustrated that mesenteric lipodystrophy should be included in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal and mesenteric tumor.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in a child: Case report
Authors: Maric Dusan , Vuckovic Nada , Gajdobranski Djordje , Draskovic Biljana , Bekic Vesna , Jovanovic Mladen , Petkovic Lazar , Maric Dusica
Published: August 2005

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) is a destructive fibrohistiocytic proliferation with production of villus and nodular protrusions in synovial membrane. A boy, aged 12 years, had a knee injury during a football game with severe pane, swelling, decreased range of motion, and presence of hemarthrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed, in the projection of the suprapattelar recessus, tumefaction of irregular shape; the largest diameter 11x5 cm. Upper pole of tumefaction was partly impressed in m. vastus intermedius. In general endotracheal anesthesia partial synovectomy was done with complete extirpation of tumefaction. The diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis was established histologically. This type of tumefaction is rare in children, but the adequate treatment is necessary because of its aggressive growth with possible bone destruction and propensity of recidivism. The suspicion of malignant neoplasm is often present. Due to various clinical presentation of villonodular synovitis, early detection and adequate treatment is necessary.
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with isolated central nervous system metastasis
Authors: Ozyar Enis , Yazici Gozde , Tezel Gaye , Cila Aysenur , Ozcan-Ekin Osman
Published: August 2005

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an extremely rare event. Here, we report a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with isolated CNS metastases 45 months after the successful treatment of primary tumor.
Pregnancy and melanoma
Authors: Potic-Zecevic Natasa , Stanojevic Zorica , Markovic Milan , Todorovska Ilinka , Stanojevic Milenko
Published: August 2005

Numerous malignant diseases reach their incidence peak in female fertile years. That is the reason why these diseases are the second most common cause of death of women in their generative age. However, neoplastic processes are rarely diagnosed in pregnancy and there are no clear-cut guidelines on whether the pregnancy should be terminated in order that a proper treatment could be applied. We have not enough knowledge jet about the consequences for both the mother and her child if the pregnancy is allowed to continue despite the diagnosis of malignancy. Melanoma is one of the most common tumours diagnosed in pregnancy (8% of all diagnosed neoplasms). Some studies present the data on successfully terminated pregnancies in these women but also point out the risks the fetus is exposed to due to possible application of cytotoxic therapy, as well as the danger of transplacental spread of this process to the placenta and fetus.
Apoptosis in malignant diseases
Authors: Brajuskovic Goran
Published: August 2005

Apoptosis is a special type of cell death essentially different from necrosis in nature and biological significance. It is an active process of genetically regulated cell auto destruction and in most cases has a homeostatic function. Apoptotic cells may be characterized by specific morphological and biochemical changes. A great number of genes are known today, whose protein products take part in regulation of the apoptotic process. Apoptosis or programmed cell death has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions. Studies of the correlation of programmed cell death with proliferation and the multistage carcinogenesis process are in the focus of modern research. Mutations and deletions of apoptotic genes play important roles in carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and tumor regression. This article reviews the current knowledge on mutations of apoptosis genes involved in pathogenesis of human cancers. Finally, we have recently summarized achievements in cancer therapy with a focus on the apoptotic genes.
Measured Stark widths and shifts in the O IV spectrum
Authors: Djenize Stevan , Sreckovic Aleksandar , Bukvic Srdjan , Kalezic Slobodanka
Published: August 2005

Stark widths (W) and shifts (d) of 5 prominent triply ionized oxygen (O IV) spectral lines in 3 multiplets have been measured in oxygen plasma at 42 000 K electron temperature using a linear, low-pressure, pulsed arc discharge as an optically thin plasma source. Obtained W and d values have been compared to available experimental and theoretical data. We found a good agreement among our experimental W and d values and theoretical expectations.
A modified theoretical Σ − D relation for supernova remnants: II. The case of variable temperature within the supernova remnant
Authors: Urosevic Dejan , Djuric N. , Pannuti T.
Published: August 2005

In this preliminary report a modification of the theoretical ? ? D relation for supernova remnants (SNRs) in the adiabatic expansion phase is presented in another way. As in Paper I, this modification is based on the convolution procedure. The relation first derived by Shklovsky is convoluted with the ? ? D relation derived in this report for thermal bremsstrahlung radiation. Also, we adopt McKee & Ostriker?s model for the interaction between SNRs and the interstellar medium. Kesteven?s modified theoretical relation gives the best agreement with the updated "master" empirical ? ? D relation derived by Urosevic.
Symmetries in central-force problems
Authors: Mioc V. , Barbosu M.
Published: August 2005

The two-body problem in central fields (reducible to a central-force problem) models a lot of concrete astronomical situations. The corresponding vector fields (in Cartesian and polar coordinates, extended via collision-blow-up and infinity-blow-up transformations) exhibit nice symmetries that form eight-element Abelian groups endowed with an idempotent structure. All these groups are isomorphic, which is not a trivial result, given the different structures of the corresponding phase spaces. Each of these groups contains seven four-element subgroups isomorphic to Klein?s group. These symmetries are of much help in understanding various characteristics of the global flow of the general problem or of a concrete problem at hand, and are essential in searching for periodic orbits.
Multi-composing of the ordinates as a spectral filter
Authors: Segan S. , Damjanov Ivana , Surlan B.
Published: August 2005

In this paper we describe a method of plain and multi composing of ordinates to define spectral filters. We apply the method to the simulated equidistant observations, and we find that the suitable filters are easy to construct and apply.
On the modifications of oscillator strengths and damping constants of Fe I spectral lines from 500 nm to 510 nm
Authors: Ceki A. , Latkovic O. , Vince Istvan
Published: August 2005

We modified oscillator strengths and enhancement factors of van der Waals damping constants for 84 moderately strong and weak neutral iron spectral lines between 500 nm and 510 nm, by fitting the solar synthetic spectrum to the observed one. We have found significant difference between the oscillator strengths and damping constants taken from an extensive spectral line list, frequently used for spectral synthesis, and their modified values. Our findings include: (1) the mean value of the distribution of the difference between our and listed oscillator strengths is -0.31dex and its width is 0.42 dex, (2) a decrease of this difference with increasing equivalent width of spectral lines, (3) unusually high values of the obtained enhancement factors in comparison with the results of other authors, (4) a decrease of enhancement factor with increasing excitation potential for lines with equivalent width greater than 7.5 pm, (5) a decrease of enhancement factors with increasing equivalent width and (6) a decrease of enhancement factors with increasing oscillator strengths.
Time series analysis of long term full disk observations of the Mn i 539.4 nm solar line
Authors: Danilovic Sanja , Vince Istvan , Vitas Nikola , Jovanovic Predrag
Published: August 2005

The equivalent width and central depth data of Mn 539.4 nm solar spectral line, observed in the period from 1979 to 1992 at Kitt Peak Observatory, was analyzed in pursuit for periodic changes. As the observations are highly unevenly sampled, test if the periods really exist in the observed data was needed. Two different methods for spectral analysis were applied to synthesized data sampled in the same way as observations. Comparation of these results with results obtained from the observed data showed that the parameters display at least three periodic changes with the periods of: 11years, quasi-biannual and 27 days. .
NMR and the local structure of relaxors
Authors: Blinc R. , Zalar B. , Gregorovic Alan
Published: August 2005

The relaxor transition in cubic perovskite relaxors (PMN, PSN and PST) and tungsten bronze relaxor (SBN) has been studied by NMR. The observed spectra are composed of a narrow -1/2 ? 1/2 central transition superimposed on a broad background due to satellite transitions. The chemical heterogeneity, responsible for relaxor properties, is reflected here in the structure of the central transition part. The latter is composed of two components, one due to ordered and the other due to disordered regions. Despite of the fact that the macroscopic symmetry does not change when relaxor transition occurs, a non-zero quadruple coupling constant determined from NMR clearly demonstrates the broken local symmetry.
Magnetic properties of liquid-phase-assisted sintered MnZn ferrites
Authors: Drofenik Miha , Znidarsic A. , Kosak A.
Published: August 2005

MnZn ferrites were sintered in the presence of a Bi2O3-SiO2 - rich liquid phase. The microstructure of MnZn-ferrite samples that contained various amounts of liquid phase during sintering was investigated. The results revealed that microstructure development and final magnetic permeability depend essentially on the amount of liquid phase present during sintering. The solution-reprecipitation (S-R) process in MnZn ferrites starts when a continuous liquid-phase film is formed during grain growth. The status of the microstructure developed during solid-state sintering prior to the formation of the critical liquid-phase film is essential for the final microstructure developed during liquid-phase-assisted sintering.
Sintering as a process of transport of activated volume
Authors: Nikolic Natasa , Nikolic M.V. , Radic-Ristic S.M. , Ristic Momcilo
Published: August 2005

Starting with the fact that sintering is the consequence of the process of transport of activated volume, it has been shown how the kinetics of the sintering process can be defined. The activated volume was in principle defined as a parameter which describes a system?s deffectivity on an atomic level.
Thermodynamics of processes of consolidation of an assembly of dispersed particles and deconsolidation of a polycrystalline body
Authors: Lisovsky A.F.
Published: August 2005

Thermodynamic functions that describe the processes both of consolidation of an assembly of dispersed particles and deconsolidation of a polycrystalline body are considered. Expressions have been derived for the shrinkage pressure, which arises from the consolidation of particles, and the migration pressure, which arises from deconsolidation of a polycrystalline body. The values of the shrinkage and migration pressures are described in terms of structure parameters of a composite body (particle size and shape, phase composition, values of surface tension at the solid-solid and solid-moving phase interfaces).
Diffusion parameters in liquid phase sintering of the al-cu system
Authors: Lapshin O.V. , Savitskii A.P. , Ovcharenko V.E.
Published: August 2005

Within the framework of the conception of the priority of the diffusion of atoms from the liquid phase into the solid at their interface, a method of quantitative determination of diffusion parameters of interaction of solid and liquid phases by experimental curves of growth and densification of powder bodies during liquid phase sintering has been suggested. Results of the determination of diffusion parameters and volume changes of powder bodies of the Al-Cu system during sintering were produced on the basis of solution of the reverse and direct problems.
The consolidation of a powder material in conditions of combined influence of different technological factors
Authors: Dorofeyev V.Yu. , Dorofeyev YU.G.
Published: August 2005

In the present paper the problems, connected with the formation of a powder material and its surface layers in conditions of chemical thermal treatment and impregnation with melt, combined with the use of mechanical loads at different process stages are examined. The new results of liquid phase influence on compaction of powder preforms, subjected to impregnation, are obtained. The presence of a liquid phase in preform surface layers can also be connected with the change of the materials chemical composition as the result of boronizing, siliconizing or other kinds of chemical thermal treatment.
Corelation between the crystallisation process and change in thermoelectromotive force for the amorphous alloy Fe89.8Ni1.5Si5.2B3C0.5
Authors: Maricic Aleksa , Ristic Momcilo
Published: August 2005

Thermal and kinetic analyses of the structural changes for the amorphous alloy Fe89.8Ni1.5Si5.2B3C0.5, during the processes of non-isothermal heating and isothermal annealing, have been performed. The crystallisation process has been investigated using the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is determined that this alloy crystalizes through three different stages. Changes in the electronic structure of the amorphous tape, for the temperature range 20 to 700?C have been studied. This was achieved by measuring the thermoelectromotive force (TEMS), of the thermo pair made of two tapes with same chemical structure of the alloy FeNiSiBC, but different atomic structure: one is in the crystal state (CL) and the other is in the amorphous state (AM). Analysis of the temperature dependence of the electromotive force has shown the following: the investigated alloy is thermically stable up to 450?C and changes in the atomic structure as well as equalising of the free electron density in both parts of the thermo pair AM-CL, take place in the temperature range from 450 to 550?C. Kinetic parameters of the process were determined by measuring time dependence of the TEMS in isothermic conditions at the temperatures 450, 480 and 510?C.
Influence of the changes of free electron density on electrical and magnetic properties of the CO70Fe5Si10B15 amorphous alloy
Authors: Maricic Aleksa , Minic-Popovic Dragica , Zak T.
Published: August 2005

In this study we present the results on structural relaxation of the Co70Fe5Si10B15 amorphous alloy investigated by measuring the thermo-electromotive force (TEMF) during isothermal annealing (for 600 s). A mechanical junction of the investigated alloy and a copper conductor has been constructed for measuring the thermo-electromotive force (?). Annealing was performed at temperatures T1 = 430?C, T2=460?C and T3=480?C which are about 50 to 100?C lower than the crystallization temperature. At these temperatures structural relaxation occurred only in the amorphous alloy. The activation energy E=224 kJ/mol and rate constants k1=6.66?10-5 s-1 k2=33?10-5 s-1 and k3=76?10-5 s-1 at temperatures T1, T2 and T3 respectively, have been determined for the process. Each isothermal annealing has been followed by determination of the relative change of the electronic state density at the Fermi level as Dn1/n=2.36%, Dn2/n =3.21% and Dn3/n= 9.80%, respectively. .
Manifestation of emerging specialties in journal literature: A growth model of papers, references, exemplars, bibliographic coupling, cocitation, and clustering coefficient distribution
Authors: Morris Steven A.
Published: August 2005

A model is presented of the manifestation of the birth and development of a scientific specialty in a collection of journal papers. The proposed model, Cumulative Advantage by Paper with Exemplars (CAPE) is an adaptation of Price's cumulative advantage model (D. Price, 1976). Two modifications are made: (a) references are cited in groups by paper, and (b) the model accounts for the generation of highly cited exemplar references immediately after the birth of the specialty. This simple growth process mimics many characteristic features of real collections of papers, including the structure of the paper‐to‐reference matrix, the reference‐per‐paper distribution, the paper‐per‐reference distribution, the bibliographic coupling distribution, the cocitation distribution, the bibliographic coupling clustering coefficient distribution, and the temporal distribution of exemplar references. The model yields a great deal of insight into the process that produces the connectedness and clustering of a collection of articles and references. Two examples are presented and successfully modeled: a collection of 131 articles on MEMS RF (microelectromechnical systems radio frequency) switches, and a collection of 901 articles on the subject of complex networks.
Children's conceptual structures of science categories and the design of Web directories
Authors: Bilal Dania , Wang Peiling
Published: August 2005

Eleven middle school children constructed hierarchical maps for two science categories selected from two Web directories, Yahooligans! and KidsClick! For each category, children constructed a pair of maps: one without links and one with links. Forty‐four maps were analyzed to identify similarities and differences. The structures of the maps were compared to the structures employed by the directories. Children were able to construct hierarchical maps and articulate the relationships among the concepts. At the global level (whole map), children's maps were not alike and did not match the structures of the Web directories. At the local levels (superordinate and subordinate), however, children shared similarities in the conceptual configurations, especially for the concrete concepts. For these concepts, substantial overlap was found between the children's structures and those employed in the directories. For the abstract concepts the configurations were diverse and did not match those in the directories. The findings of this study have implications for design of systems that are more supportive of children's conceptual structures.
Role of liver function tests in predicting common bile duct stones in acute calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Peng W K , Sheikh Z , Paterson-Brown S , Nixon S J
Published: August 2005

Background

The role of liver function tests (LFTs) in evaluating common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with cholelithiasis has been studied widely. However, it is not clear whether these predictive models are useful in inflammatory gallstone disease.

Methods

A review was undertaken of 385 consecutive patients admitted as an emergency for acute calculous gallbladder disease. The diagnosis of calculous cholecystitis was confirmed by ultrasonography or histological confirmation of acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. Patients with obvious jaundice, defined as a bilirubin level above 80 µmol/l, and gallstone pancreatitis were excluded.

Results

Some 216 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 28 (13·0 per cent) were found to have CBD stones. LFT results were not significantly different in patients with chronic, acute or complicated acute cholecystitis. Using several cut-off levels, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) had the highest specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, comparable to a scoring system that combined all LFTs. Bilirubin was the least specific and predictive. A cut-off point for GGT at 90 units/l produced a sensitivity of 86 per cent (24 of 28), specificity of 74·5 per cent (140 of 188), and positive and negative predictive values of 33 per cent (24 of 72) and 97·2 per cent (140 of 144) respectively. This represented a one in three chance of CBD stones when the GGT level was above 90 units/l and a one in 30 chance when the level was less than 90 units/l.

Conclusion

Selection criteria based on GGT can be used in acute calculous cholecystitis to identify high-risk patients who would benefit most from further imaging to exclude choledocholithiasis.
High Resolution 1H NMR Structural Studies of Sucrose Octaacetate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chandrika Baby , Schnackenberg Laura K. , Raveendran Poovathinthodiyil , Wallen Scott L.
Published: August 2005

High pressure (HP), high resolution (HR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been utilized for the first time to investigate the solution structure of a carbohydrate based system, sucrose octaacetate (SOA), in supercritical CO2. The studies indicate that the average solution state conformation of the α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl ring of SOA in scCO2 medium is consistent with the 4C1 chair form, while the β‐D‐fructofuranosyl ring adopts an envelope conformation. The investigations also suggest that scCO2 is a promising medium to study the solution structure and conformation of acetylated sugar systems. Spectral manifestations of a specific interaction between the acetate methyl protons and CO2 molecules are also presented.
Elongated Dihydrogen Versus Compressed Dihydride Complexes: The Temperature Dependence of the H–D Spin–Spin Coupling Constant as a Criterion To Distinguish between Them
Authors: Gelabert Ricard , Moreno Miquel , Lluch José M.
Published: August 2005

To be able to propose experimental tests to distinguish elongated dihydrogen transition‐metal complexes from compressed dihydride transition‐metal complexes, a thorough density functional study of the electronic structure in combination with quantum nuclear dynamics calculations have been performed for complexes [Cp*Ru(H2PCH2PCH2(H2)]+ and [CpRe(CO)2H2]. The results of this study suggest that elongated dihydrogen complexes and compressed dihydride complexes have different properties and that it should be possible to distinguish between them experimentally. In particular, different behavior is predicted with respect to 1) the sign of the isotope geometric effect on the HH distance at 0 K, 2) the temperature dependence of the HH distance, and 3) the temperature dependence of the HD spin–spin coupling constant in 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Mixed‐Metal Tellurites: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of Na1.4Nb3Te4.9O18 and NaNb3Te4O16.
Authors: Ok Kang Min , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anionic Diversity in Iodobismuthate Chemistry.
Authors: Lindsjoe Martin , Fischer Andreas , Kloo Lars
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Chromium(III) Trimetaphosphinate Heptahydrate, Cr(PO2NH)3×7H2O.
Authors: Correll Sascha , Sedlmaier Stefan , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Structure of SrCo6O11: Pillared Kagome Lattice System with a 1/3 Magnetization Plateau.
Authors: Ishiwata Shintaro , Wang Dan , Saito Takashi , Takano Mikio
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 4‐Cyanobenzo[c]pyrylium Salts with Nitrogen‐Containing Nucleophiles.
Authors: Bogza S. L. , Suikov S. Yu. , Bogdan N. M. , Nikolyukin Yu. A. , Dulenko V. I.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bi(III) Halides as Efficient Catalysts for the O‐Acylative Cleavage of Tetrahydrofurans: An Expeditious Entry to Tetralins.
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Costello James F. , Draffin William N. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Paver Simon P.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cetyltrimethylammonium Dichromate: A Phase‐Transferring Oxidant.
Authors: Patel Sabita , Kuanar Minati , Nayak Biswa B. , Banichul H. , Mishra Bijay K.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy use in the U.S., 2004
Authors: Mell Loren K. , Mehrotra Amit K. , Mundt Arno J.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a novel approach to the planning and delivery of radiation therapy. The prevalence of IMRT use among radiation oncologists in the U.S. appears to be increasing, despite limited data evaluating its risks and benefits.

METHODS

A random sample of radiation oncologists in the U.S., including a cohort of 441 physicians who were surveyed in 2002, was surveyed regarding IMRT use. IMRT users were questioned regarding their frequency of use, clinical applications, and reasons for adopting IMRT. IMRT nonusers were asked their reasons for not using IMRT, whether they planned to use it in the future, and reasons for wanting to adopt IMRT. Differences in responses between 2002 and 2004 were compared.

RESULTS

The survey was conducted between July 1, 2004 and August 31, 2004. Of 368 evaluable participants, 239 physicians (64.9%) responded. The proportion of respondents who used IMRT was 73.2% (175 physicians), compared with 32.0% in 2002. The adoption rate of IMRT among nonusers from 2002 to 2004 was 62.7% (95% confidence interval, 51.9–73.5%). Many IMRT users (81.0%) had used IMRT to deliver higher than conventional doses of radiation, predominantly in patients with genitourinary and head and neck tumors. Major reasons cited for IMRT adoption were permitting normal tissue sparing (88.0%), dose escalation (85.1%), and economic competition (62.4%). Ninety‐one percent of nonusers planned to adopt IMRT in the future.

CONCLUSIONS

IMRT use among radiation oncologists in the U.S. has increased significantly since 2002. Standardized guidelines and careful, prospective analyses evaluating its risks and benefits are needed. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Chemaly Roy F. , Torres Harrys A. , Hachem Ray Y. , Nogueras Graciela M. , Aguilera Elizabeth A. , Younes Anas , Luna Mario A. , Rodriguez Gilhen , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Raad Issam I.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Even when treated with antiviral therapy, cytomegalovirus pneumonia (CMVp) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. CMVp has been rarely reported in patients with lymphoma.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the records of patients treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between 1997 and 2003. Collected information included demographics, use of chemotherapy, or corticosteroids, concomitant infections, and outcome.

RESULTS

Thirty‐one patients with lymphoma with 36 episodes of CMVp were identified. The incidence of CMVp increased between 1997 and 2003 (0 of 1000 treated patients vs. 9 of 1000 treated patients; P = 0.07). Most episodes occurred in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (89%). Most of the patients (92%) had received chemotherapy and corticosteroids (89%) before the onset of CMVp. Concomitant CMV antigenemia was detected in 11 (41%) of the 27 episodes in which testing was performed. In 19 episodes (53%), patients had coinfections within 90 days of the episode of CMVp. Coinfections were present at the onset of CMVp in 11 episodes (31%). The yield for CMV in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens was higher with culture methods than with cytologic evaluation or immunohistochemical staining (P < 0.001). The number of CMV antigenemia tests performed increased fourfold over the study period. The CMV‐attributed mortality rate was 30% (9 of 30 patients). Independent predictors of death by multivariate Cox regression analysis were high APACHE II score (> 16) at onset of CMVp (P = 0.02, hazards ratio [HR] = 15.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–163.7), and development of toxicity to antivirals (P = 0.04, HR = 14.03, 95% CI, 1.2–169.1).

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of CMVp in patients with lymphoma is increasing. CMV detection in BAL specimens was better with culture methods than with cytologic or immunohistochemical methods. High APACHE II score and development of antiviral toxicity were associated with a fatal outcome. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Alterations of G1‐S checkpoint in chordoma
Authors: Naka Takahiko , Boltze Carsten , Kuester Doerthe , Schulz Torss‐Oliver , Schneider‐Stock Regine , Kellner Angela , Samii Amir , Herold Christian , Ostertag Helmut , Roessner Albert
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the alterations of G1‐S checkpoint and their significance in chordoma, a rare bone tumor. The authors investigated the clinicopathologic relevance of cell cycle abnormalities in chordoma.

METHODS

The expression levels of p53, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclin D1, p16INK4a, and p27Kip1 were investigated using immunohistochemical techniques; p53 mutations were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism, and mdm2 amplification was analyzed using real‐time quantitative PCR. The results were compared with clinicopathologic parameters in 101 lesions.

RESULTS

Approximately 10–45% of primary tumors presented alterations of p53, MDM2, cyclin D1, and pRb proteins; most tumors lacked expression of p16INK4a and p27Kip1. Alterations of p53, MDM2, cyclin D1, and pRb proteins were found to have cooperative effects on both higher proliferative ability (MIB‐1 labeling index [LI]) and increased nuclear pleomorphism, a previously described prognostic indicator for patients with chordoma. Multivariate analyses revealed that, among these alterations, p53 overexpression was the only independent factor for higher MIB‐1 LI. At the genetic level, mdm2 gene amplification was detected in 15.4% of the lesions but did not correlate with MDM2 overexpression or other clinicopathologic parameters. No p53 mutations were detected in the current series. Survival analysis revealed that p53 overexpression, but no other cell cycle alterations, was associated with a reduced overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Accumulation of cell cycle alterations led to an increased MIB‐1 LI and nuclear pleomorphism, a previously described prognostic indicator in chordoma. The authors believe that p53 overexpression in particular is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with chordoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Investigating the correlation between hospital of primary treatment and the survival of women with breast cancer
Authors: Hébert‐Croteau Nicole , Brisson Jacques , Lemaire Jacques , Latreille Jean , Pineault Raynald
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

To understand the relation between hospital of initial treatment and the survival of women with breast cancer, the authors investigated the characteristics of the treatment center that were related most to outcome.

METHODS

The authors selected women from 5 regions of Quebec, Canada, who were diagnosed with lymph node‐negative breast cancer between 1988 and 1994. Data were collected by chart review, queries to physicians, and linkage with administrative data bases. Overall survival to the end of 1999 was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

The study population included 1727 women with a median follow‐up of 6.8 years. The 7‐year survival rate was 82% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 80–84%). Compared with women who were treated in centers with ≥ 100 new cases per year, the hazard ratio (HR) of death from any cause was 1.80 (95%CI, 1.23–2.63), 1.44 (95%CI, 1.03–2.03), and 1.30 (95%CI, 0.96–1.76) among women who were treated in hospitals with < 25 new cases, 25–49 new cases, and 50–99 new cases per year after adjusting for case mix and characteristics of the attending physician. However, the significance of caseload disappeared after adjusting for the type of hospital. By contrast, women who were treated in centers with either on‐site radiotherapy, research activity, or teaching status had significantly better outcomes, even after adjusting for caseload (HR, 0.68; 95%CI, 0.50–0.92). These associations were independent of primary treatment received, which was a strong determinant of outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Primary treatment of early‐stage breast cancer in larger hospitals was associated with improved survival. This relation was mediated by factors related to proficiency of care, which tended to cluster within institutions. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Electron Tunneling through Molecular Media: A Density Functional Study of Au/Dithiol/Au Systems
Authors: Sun Qiang , Selloni Annabella , Scoles Giacinto
Published: August 2005

We report a density functional theory study of the electronic properties of n‐alkanedithiols (CnS2, with n=4, 8 and 12) sandwiched between two Au(111) infinite slab electrodes. We investigate the influence of the distance between the two electrodes and of the molecular chain length, tilt angle, and coverage on the local density of states (LDOS) at the Fermi energy (Ef). We find that the (small) value of the LDOS at Ef near the center of the molecular wires—a quantity that is related to the tunneling current—is mainly determined by the length n of the alkane chains: it originates from the tails of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) which are broadened by the interaction with the electrodes, and decays exponentially with the length of the molecular wire. This opens a nonresonance tunneling channel for charge transport at small bias voltages. While the length of the hydrocarbon chain appears to be the determining factor, the tilt angle of the molecular wires with respect to the electrode surfaces, and therefore the distance between these, has a small influence on the LDOS at the center of the molecule, while the effect of coverage can be ignored. The picture which emerges from these calculations is totally consistent with a through‐bond tunneling mechanism.
Exfoliative sputum cytology of cancers metastatic to the lung
Authors: Ali Tehmina Z. , Zakowski Maureen F. , Yung Rex C.‐W. , Burroughs Frances H. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: August 2005

Although largely replaced by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and bronchoscopy, cytological examination of sputum for exfoliated malignant cells still is considered a valuable initial diagnostic test in patients presenting with a lung mass. Thirty‐five cases of secondary/metastatic tumors involving the lung and diagnosed on sputum were retrospectively reviewed from our cytopathology files for a period of 22 yr (1980–2001). Clinical history and the relevant histopathological material were examined and correlated with the cytological findings. In all cases, a history of malignancy was known. Cytological diagnoses included colonic adenocarcinoma (7 cases); non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; 5 cases); malignant melanoma (MM; 5 cases); breast carcinoma (5 cases); Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL; 3 cases); pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases); prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases); and 1 case each of urothelial carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatic small‐cell carcinoma, squamous‐cell carcinoma (cervix), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Cellular preservation was optimal in all cases. The smear background was relatively clean in 25 (71%) cases and predominantly inflamed and/or necrotic in 10 (29%) cases. In non‐lymphoid tumors (27 cases), isolated single malignant cells were seen in 7 (26%) cases (all cases of MM and prostatic adenocarcinoma), whereas 20 (74%) cases displayed fragments with intact tumor architecture. Overall, only 10/35 (29%) cases showed noticeable tumor‐cell necrosis. In one case (LMS), cell block sections were used for immunoperoxidase (IPOX) studies with positive staining for desmin and actin. Exfoliation of cancer cells in sputum from secondary tumors in the lung is a rare phenomenon in current‐day practice, with metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma seen most commonly. Intact tumor architecture was observed in exfoliated cells in 75% of the cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:147–151. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anal cytology: Is there a role for reflex HPV DNA testing?
Authors: Walts A.E. , Thomas P. , Bose S.
Published: August 2005

There is an increased incidence of anal squamous carcinoma and its precursor lesions (anal intraepithelial neoplasia [AIN]) among persons who engage in anal‐receptive sex. Analogous to cervical cancer screening, anal Papanicplaou (Pap) smears currently are used to screen these high‐risk populations. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in anal carcinoma pathogenesis and this study was performed to assess the potential role of HPV DNA testing as an adjunct to anal cytology. We correlated cytological diagnoses and HPV DNA (Digene Hybrid Capture [HC II] assay) in anal specimens collected in SurePath liquid medium from 118 patients; 54.8% of cases diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and 87.8% diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or above tested positive for high‐ risk HPV DNA (B+). High‐grade SIL (HSIL) was present in 31 of the 51 patients with follow‐up. Although a cytological diagnosis of ASC‐US or above was a reliable indicator for AIN, cytology frequently did not accurately predict the grade of SIL in subsequent biopsy. Our findings suggest that reflex HPV DNA testing would be helpful in triaging patients diagnosed with ASC‐US. However, patients diagnosed with LSIL or above should go directly to ansocopic biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:152–156. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathologic analysis of paraspinal masses: A study of 59 cases with clinicoradiologic correlation
Authors: Wu Julie M. , Sheth Sheila , Ali Syed Z.
Published: August 2005

Paraspinal masses (PSM) are uncommon and present a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). We analyzed 59 cases of PSM on FNA in a 15‐yr period, in the context of clinicoradiologic correlation. Radiologic findings, clinical data, and tissue biopsies were reviewed. Patients were 14–83 yr of age (mean 54.7) with a M:F ratio of 1.36:1. Of the 59 cases, 39 (66%) were deemed diagnostic. Of these, 8 (21%) revealed nonneoplastic lesions and 31 (79%) yielded neoplasms: 2 (6%) benign and 29 (94%) malignant. Of the malignant cases, 22 (76%) were metastatic tumors from various sites, while 7 (24%) were cancers from local spread, which included non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, 5) and myeloma (2). Benign neoplasms were nerve sheath tumors. Metastatic tumors consisted of adenocarcinoma, 9; squamous‐cell carcinoma, 3; renal‐cell carcinoma, 1; and non‐small‐cell carcinoma/not otherwise specified (NOS), 9. Twenty‐four (41%) cases received further studies: immunoperoxidase (IPOX) alone, 17 (71%); special stains for microorganisms, 2 (8%); IPOX/other special stains, 4 (17%); and flow cytometry analysis, 1 (4%). Eight (14%) cases received follow‐up biopsies. Half of these biopsies added information to previously “nondiagnostic” FNAs. Of the previously “diagnostic” FNAs, tissue biopsy yielded no additional information. Cytopathologic diagnoses were consistent with the pre‐FNA radiology analyses in 13 (39%) cases. In instances of radiologic and cytopathologic discrepancy (4 cases, 12%), diagnoses made by FNA reversed the initial radiologic impression of neoplasm to infection, and vice versa. PSMs are rare lesions (0.26% of total FNAs done in 15 yr at our institution). The most common lesion encountered is metastatic adenocarcinoma, followed by NHL. Ancillary studies are helpful in difficult cases. In cases of radiologic/cytopathologic discrepancy, FNA diagnoses are more accurate and decisive for patient management. The sensitivity and specificity of a PSM FNA are 88% and 75% respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:157–161. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.