bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of combination of Bromelain and Quercetin extracted from pineapples and fenugreek in mice induced arthritis
Authors: Noor A. M. Ajeel  , Anwar M. Lazm  , Haneen M. Hameed
Published: May 2023

This study revealed that bromelain  from  pineapple and quercetin from fenugreek mixture were active in reducing the effect of arthritis the body diameter measurements  within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis  reached the maximum  at 5.8 for CRP (mm/hr) ESR (mg/Dl) and reduced it  to nearly  the normal value 4.3 for CRP and  1.9 for ESR at day 30  with concentration  350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis  reached the maximum  at 2.8 mm of paw volume and reduced it  to nearly  the normal value 2.9 for  300 mg/kg  of (bro, quer) and  2.6 for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at  day 30  with concentration  350 mg/kg , While within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis  reached the maximum  at  83 ng/dl for  IgG2 and  70 ng/dl for  IgG1  and  40 IgG reduced it  to nearly  the normal value  68 ng/dl  of IgG2 for  350 mg/kg  of (bro, quer) and  57ng/dl of IgG1  and 39 ng/dl of IgG for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at  day 30  with concentration  350 mg/kg  .Also within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis  reached  the lowest body weight  at 18 mg of paw volume and increasing it  to nearly  the normal weight 19mg for  300 mg/kg  of (bro,quer) and  21 mg for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at  day 30  with concentration.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y USO DE LAS TIC EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE BOLIVIA
Authors: Mollo-Torrico Juan Pablo , Crespo Albares Roxana , Lázaro Cari Roly Raúl
Published: May 2023

El presente estudio analiza la implementación de las TIC en la educación en Bolivia, ya que en los últimos años ha sufrido muchos cambios significativos, se puede apreciar que el uso e implementación de técnicas, estrategias de digitalización multiplataforma y uso de videoconferencia sincrónica es inestable, e insuficiente, por lo tanto, la investigación se desarrolla como un estudio piloto, es un estudio descriptivo, es decir, mide la magnitud del problema en un determinado momento. En este procedimiento se aplicó un muestreo por conveniencia y se utilizó el instrumento para medir el uso y ocupación de TICs en una institución de educación. La población estuvo conformada por 30 profesionales bolivianos, 53% mujeres, 43% hombres y 4% identificados como no binarios, de 21 a 50 años. Los resultados nos muestran que la implementación de las TICs es de uso personal, y no así de uso académico, con estos resultados nos posibilita pensar en políticas educativas pertinentes, en la realización de programas de formación, cursos enfocados a lograr el desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas tanto para docentes como para estudiantes y esto contribuirá a un cambio trascendente en la calidad de los aprendizajes.
 
Fecha de recepción: 06/08/22. Fecha de evaluación: 17/10/22. Fecha de aprobación: 20/12/22.
Evaluación ecológica rápida de mamíferos en la Reserva Buenaventura (provincia de El Oro)
Authors: Baldez Ramírez Luis
Published: May 2023

Los mamíferos juegan un papel importante en la conservación de los boques de montaña, pues este grupo depende de que la estructura y la composición del hábitat se mantenga inalterada y, a su vez, el bosque requiere de ellos para mantener un equilibrio. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una evaluación ecológica rápida de los mamíferos en la Reserva Buenaventura, provincia de El Oro, a través de un análisis de diversidad y abundancia relativa, durante enero y junio de 2022. Utilicé métodos directos e indirectos para el monitoreo de mamíferos medianos y grandes, además del uso de cámaras trampa; para mamíferos pequeños no voladores coloqué trampas Sherman y Tomahawk y para mamíferos pequeños voladores empleé redes de niebla; además, llevé a cabo encuestas a los pobladores cercanos al área de estudio. Para evaluar la riqueza, diagramé curvas de acumulación de especies y de rango de abundancia (una para fototrampeo y otra para redes de niebla). Identifiqué 34 especies de mamíferos agrupadas en siete órdenes y 15 familias; 19 especies fueron murciélagos, 12 mamíferos medianos y grandes, una fue marsupial y una de roedor. Entre las especies que registré destacan algunas incluidas en categorías de amenaza a nivel nacional, como Tamandua mexicana y Puma concolor (ambas como Vulnerables) y Leopardus pardalis y Cuniculus paca (como Casi Amenazadas). Las especies más abundantes en fototrampeo fueron Dasyprocta punctata, Dasypus novemcinctus y Pecari tajacu; en redes de niebla, la especie más abundante fue Carollia brevicauda. También obtuve registros de perros asilvestrados. Las curvas de acumulación de especies indican que todavía quedan especies por registrar, esto puede ser debido a las condiciones climáticas de la zona, ya que algunos muestreos se llevaron a cabo con altos niveles de pluviosidad, lo cual provocó un menor muestreo al estimado. A partir de los resultados recomiendo continuar con el monitoreo a través de cámaras trampa y redes de niebla e implementar una metodología alternativa para mamíferos pequeños no voladores.
Pequeños mamíferos no voladores de la hacienda Tambillo Alto, en los Andes del norte de Ecuador
Authors: Pilatasig Ana Lucía
Published: May 2023

Los estudios sobre la diversidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores en ecosistemas periurbanos son escasos en los Andes del Ecuador. Estos mamíferos son claves en procesos ecológicos y pueden verse afectados por distintos impactos antropogénicos, entre los que destacan la perdida de hábitat y la introducción de especies exóticas invasoras. En este reporte, caractericé la comunidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores en dos remanentes de bosque montano próximos a la población de Tambillo, en la cordillera Occidental de los Andes, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Entre noviembre de 2016 y enero de 2017 realicé muestreos de micromamíferos no voladores con el empleo de cuatro sistemas de trampas pitfall con cercas de conducción. Registré ocho especies nativas de las familias Cricetidae (6), Caenolestidae (1) y Soricidae (1), además de una especie introducida (Mus musculus, Muridae). El 33 % de las especies registradas son endémicas del Ecuador y el 11 % se encuentra amenazada. La especie más frecuente fue el cricétido Thomasomys vulcani. Recomiendo continuar con este monitoreo con el empleo de otras técnicas, como trampas de captura viva (Sherman y Tomahawk), lo que permitirá obtener un mejor conocimiento de los pequeños mamíferos no voladores en ecosistemas con alta presión antropogénica.
Química y aplicaciones de las sustancias y enzimas pécticas
Authors: Navarro Ginés , Pérez Lucas Gabriel , Navarro Simón
Published: May 2023

Las sustancias pécticas son el tipo de heteropolisacáridos, de origen exclusivamente vegetal, estructuralmente más complejo de la naturaleza. Están constituidas por una mezcla de polímeros ácidos y neutros muy ramificados. Constituyen el principal componente de la lámina media de la pared celular y representan el 30 % del peso seco de la pared celular primaria de células vegetales. Con el presente trabajo, titulado Química y aplicaciones de las sustancias y enzimas pécticas, los autores, profesores del área de Química Agrícola de la Universidad de Murcia, realizan una revisión de la situación actual de estos compuestos en lo referente a su estructura, química y aplicaciones alimentarias y farmacéuticas, que pretende aportar, tanto a docentes como a estudiantes, los últimos conocimientos adquiridos. El trabajo se estructura en tres partes diferenciadas relativas a las sustancias pécticas, enzimas pécticas y a sus aplicaciones industriales. La primera parte está destinada a conocer la estructura de las pectinas y de los componentes que la integran. Se expone la ubicación en la célula vegetal, mostrando las posibles vías que conducen a su biosíntesis en el aparato de Golgi. Acaba el capítulo con una revisión de las principales propiedades de estas sustancias y de sus formas de degradación. La segunda parte del trabajo se centra en la descripción del conjunto de enzimas, las pectinasas, que participan en la degradación de las sustancias pécticas, tanto en el desarrollo de la planta como en sus aplicaciones industriales. Se tratan así los enzimas desesterificantes y los depolimerizantes que hacen que las pectinas evolucionen en la planta, principalmente en los frutos, contribuyendo al mantenimiento de su textura. Finalmente, la tercera parte está dedicada a exponer los principales campos de la industria que utilizan las pectinas. Se tratan las materias primas usadas y la obtención industrial. En la industria alimentaria, la pectina, es un producto que se caracteriza por ser soluble en agua. Es empleada como agente gelificante, estabilizante, espesante o emulgente en la elaboración de mermeladas, jaleas y confituras, frutas en conserva, productos de panadería y pastelería, bebidas y otros alimentos, porque les confiere las características, deseadas por el fabricante y el consumidor. En el apartado farmaceútico, las pectinas tienen efecto positivo como inmuno-regulador del sistema digestivo y para la prevención del cáncer, sobre todo colorrectal; bloquean la adherencia de microorganismos patogénicos en la mucosa estomacal; han sido empleadas en la síntesis de biopelículas, adhesivos, sustitutos de papel y productos médicos para implantes o transportadores de fármacos; contribuyen a la disminución del colesterol y de los niveles de glucosa sanguínea; disminuyen la tasa de absorción de glucosa en el suero de pacientes obesos y diabéticos; y también se utilizan como substitutivo de grasas o azúcares en productos bajos en calorías.
Geomorphology of the Sowie Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland) – Landform patterns and anthropogenic impact
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Latocha-Wites Agnieszka , Jancewicz Kacper
Published: May 2023

The Sowie Mountains in the central part of the Sudetes range are an under-researched area in terms of geomorphology, despite their potential representativeness for a large number of terrains within the Bohemian Massif, built of metamorphic bedrock. Apart from providing an overview of past work, the paper summarizes the main topographic features of the massif using visualizations of the digital terrain model, and outlines the wide range of anthropogenic impacts on relief. Characteristic landforms of the Sowie Mountains include faultgenerated lithology-controlled escarpments, ridge-and-valley topography near the escarpments, water-divide flats, gneissic tors, agrarian terraces and various landforms related to former mining and military use.
Outcome of infants with necrotising enterocolitis at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa
Authors: Selse M , Saggers RT , Hentz E , Elfvin A , Ballot DE
Published: May 2023

Background. Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease almost exclusively affecting preterm infants. Previous research has presented a higher mortality rate in infants requiring surgical treatment compared with infants receiving medical treatment. However, the knowledge of mortality and morbidity of the disease in low- and middle-income countries is still limited.Objectives. To review infants with NEC admitted to the neonatal unit at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH),determine a potential difference in mortality between medically and surgically treated infants, and to identify characteristics and factors associated with mortality among these infants.Methods. This retrospective study described infants with NEC born between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018 who were admittedto the neonatal unit. The characteristics and survival of these infants were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results. During the study period, 5 061 infants were admitted to the neonatal unit, of which 218 infants were diagnosed with NEC.The period prevalence of NEC was 4.3% among all neonatal infants and 11.0% among very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants. Mortalitywas significantly higher among surgically treated infants with NEC compared with medically treated infants (p=0.025, odds ratio 1.888(95% confidence interval 1.082 - 3.296)). Late-onset sepsis was significantly more common among VLBW infants with NEC (71.3%)compared with VLBW infants without NEC (27.1%). Among infants with late-onset sepsis, Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug-resistantbacteria and fungal sepsis was significantly more common in the group of infants with NEC.Conclusions. Infants with NEC treated surgically at CMJAH have an increased risk of dying compared with those receiving medicaltreatment, likely due to the severity of disease. Furthermore, this study emphasised the burden of sepsis among infants with NEC and may contribute to a better knowledge of NEC in South Africa.
Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
Authors: de la Fuente Carla , Grondin Alexandre , Sine Bassirou , Debieu Marilyne , Belin Christophe , Hajjarpoor Amir , Atkinson Jonathan A. , Passot Sixtine , Salson Marine , Orjuela Julie , Tranchant-Dubreuil Christine , Brossier Jean-Rémy , Steffen Maxime , Morgado Charlotte , Dinh Hang Ngan , Pandey Bipin K. , Darmau Julie , Champion Antony , Petitot Anne- Sophie , Barrachina Celia , Pratlong Marine , Mounier Thibault , Gantet Pascal , Gangashetty Prakash , Guédon Yann , Vadez Vincent , Reichheld Jean-Philippe , Bennett Malcolm J. , Kane Ndjido , Guyomarc’h Soazig , Wells Darren M. , Vigouroux Yves , Laplaze Laurent
Published: May 2023

Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat and drought tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet’s early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modelling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including GWAS and QTL approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re- annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene
PgGRXC9
as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest Arabidopsis homolog
AtROXY19
revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment.
Dissecting muscle synergies in the task space
Authors: Reilly David Ó’ , Delis Ioannis
Published: May 2023

The muscle synergy is a guiding concept in motor control research that relies on the general notion of muscles ‘
working together’
towards task performance. However, although the synergy concept has provided valuable insights into motor coordination, muscle interactions have not been fully characterised with respect to task performance. Here, we address this research gap by proposing a novel perspective to the muscle synergy that assigns a specific functional role to each muscle coupling by characterising its task-relevance. Crucially, our novel perspective provides nuance to the muscle synergy concept, demonstrating how muscular interactions can ‘
work together’
in different ways: a) irrespective of the task at hand but also b) redundantly or c) complementarily towards common task-goals. To establish this perspective, we leverage information- and network-theory and dimensionality reduction methods to include discrete and continuous task parameters directly during muscle synergy extraction. Specifically, we introduce co-information as a measure of the task relevance of muscle interactions and use it to categorise such interactions as task-irrelevant (present across tasks), redundant (sharing the same task information) or synergistic (representing different aspects of the task). To demonstrate these types of interactions in real data, we apply the framework to large-scale datasets of human movements and extract generalizable and scale-invariant representations consisting of subnetworks of synchronised muscle couplings and distinct temporal patterns. The representations effectively capture the functional interplay between task end-goals and biomechanical affordances and the concurrent processing of functionally similar (redundant) and complementary (synergistic) task information. The proposed framework unifies the capabilities of current approaches in capturing distinct motor features while providing novel insights and research opportunities through a nuanced perspective to the muscle synergy.
Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning
Authors: Rodríguez-López María , Bordin Nicola , Lees Jon , Scholes Harry , Hassan Shaimaa , Saintain Quentin , Kamrad Stephan , Orengo Christine , Bähler Jürg
Published: May 2023

Many proteins remain poorly characterized even in well-studied organisms, presenting a bottleneck for research. We applied phenomics and machine-learning approaches with
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
for broad cues on protein functions. We assayed colony-growth phenotypes to measure the fitness of deletion mutants for all 3509 non-essential genes in 131 conditions with different nutrients, drugs, and stresses. These analyses exposed phenotypes for 3492 mutants, including 124 mutants of ‘priority unstudied’ proteins conserved in humans, providing varied functional clues. For example, over 900 new proteins affected the resistance to oxidative stress. Phenotype-correlation networks suggested roles for poorly characterized proteins through ‘guilt by association’ with known proteins. For complementary functional insights, we predicted Gene Ontology (GO) terms using machine learning methods exploiting protein-network and protein-homology data (NET-FF). We obtained 56,594 high-scoring GO predictions, of which 22,060 also featured high information content. Our phenotype-correlation data and NET-FF predictions showed a strong concordance with existing PomBase GO annotations and protein networks, with integrated analyses revealing 1,675 novel GO predictions for 783 genes, including 47 predictions for 23 priority unstudied proteins. Experimental validation identified new proteins involved in cellular ageing, showing that these predictions and phenomics data provide a rich resource to uncover new protein functions.
Mechanism of stepwise electron transfer in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) 1 and 2
Authors: Chen Kehan , Wang Lie , Shen Jiemin , Tsai Ah-lim , Zhou Ming , Wu Gang
Published: May 2023

Six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) is a family of four members, and all have a transmembrane domain with a conserved heme binding site. STEAP2 – 4, but not STEAP1, have an intracellular domain that binds to NADPH and FAD. STEAP2 – 4 show metal ion reductase activities, which led to the notion that STEAPs mediate electron transfer starting from NADPH on the intracellular side, through FAD and heme, and finally to a metal ion substrate on the extracellular side. However, the electron transfer chain has not been reconstructed with purified proteins for rigorous investigation. It is also unclear whether STEAP1 has metal ion reductase activity and if so, how electrons are transferred. We expressed and purified mammalian STEAP1 and 2, re-constructed the electron transfer chain
in vitro
and examined individual electron transfer steps. We find that the heme in both STEAP1 and 2 can transfer electrons to a metal ion substrate and that STEAP1 reduces the metal ion significantly faster than STEAP2. We determined the structure of STEAP2 by cryo-electron microscopy and find that its substrate binding site is less well ordered compared to the structures of STEAP1 and 4, which may explain its lower reductase activity. We also demonstrate that the FAD on STEAP2 becomes diffusible after reduction by NADPH. We show that STEAP1 can form an electron transfer chain with cytochrome
b
5
reductase. These results establish a solid foundation for understanding the functions of STEAP1 and 2 in cells.
Disulfide bridge-dependent dimerization triggers FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space
Authors: Lolicato F , Steringer JP , Saleppico R , Beyer D , Fernandez-Sobaberas J , Unger S , Klein S , Riegerová P , Wegehingel S , Müller HM , Freund C , Hof M , Šachl R , Chlanda P , Vattulainen I , Nickel W
Published: May 2023

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) exits cells by direct translocation across the plasma membrane, a type I pathway of unconventional protein secretion. This process is initiated by PI(4,5)P
2
-dependent formation of highly dynamic FGF2 oligomers at the inner plasma membrane leaflet, inducing the formation of lipidic membrane pores. Cell surface heparan sulfate chains linked to glypican-1 (GPC1) capture FGF2 at the outer plasma membrane leaflet, completing FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space. While the basic steps of this pathway are well understood, the molecular mechanism by which FGF2 oligomerizes on membrane surfaces remains unclear. In the current study, we show FGF2 dimerization on membrane surfaces to be dependent on the formation of a C95-C95 disulfide bridge, producing the building block for higher FGF2 oligomers that drive the formation of membrane pores. We find FGF2 with a C95A substitution to be defective in oligomerization, pore formation, and membrane translocation. Consistently, we demonstrate a C95A variant of FGF2 to be characterized by a severe secretion phenotype. By contrast, while also important for efficient FGF2 secretion from cells, a second cysteine residue on the molecular surface of FGF2 (C77) is not involved in FGF2 oligomerization. Rather, we find C77 to be part of the protein-protein interaction interface through which FGF2 binds to the α1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, the landing platform for FGF2 at the inner plasma membrane leaflet. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and cryo-electron tomography, we provide insights into the protein-protein interface of C95-C95 disulfide bridged FGF2 dimers and propose a mechanism by which they bind with high avidity to PI(4,5)P
2
on membrane surfaces. Our findings further imply a tight coupling between FGF2 secretion and the formation of ternary signaling complexes on cell surfaces, indicating that C95-C95 bridged FGF2 dimers are functioning as the molecular units triggering autocrine and paracrine FGF2 signaling.
Effects of sitting time and smoking on perceived stress in adults under 65 years of age
Authors: Park Hyunji , Kim Yunhee
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress strongly influence physical health independent of physical activity. However, the associations among perceived stress, sedentary behavior, and smoking are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress in Korean adults aged < 65 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the seventh National Health and Nutrition Survey. In this cross-sectional study, data from 6,890 Korean adults aged < 65 years were analyzed. Complex-sample logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress. Results: The group with a high sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and those who smoked had significantly higher odds of experiencing stress than the low sitting time (< 8 h/day) and non-smoking groups (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.50).Conclusion: Perceived stress was positively correlated with current smoking status and increased sitting time. High sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and current smoking were associated with a higher risk of perceived stress in Korean adults aged < 65 years.
Human-computer interaction based on background knowledge and emotion certainty
Authors: He Qiang
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problems of lack of background knowledge and the inconsistent response of robots in the current human-computer interaction system, we proposed a human-computer interaction model based on a knowledge graph ripple network. The model simulated the natural human communication process to realize a more natural and intelligent human-computer interaction system. This study had three contributions: first, the affective friendliness of human-computer interaction was obtained by calculating the affective evaluation value and the emotional measurement of human-computer interaction. Then, the external knowledge graph was introduced as the background knowledge of the robot, and the conversation entity was embedded into the ripple network of the knowledge graph to obtain the potential entity content of interest of the participant. Finally, the robot replies based on emotional friendliness and content friendliness. The experimental results showed that, compared with the comparison models, the emotional friendliness and coherence of robots with background knowledge and emotional measurement effectively improve the response accuracy by 5.5% at least during human-computer interaction.
Over-expression of CcMYB24, encoding a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from a high-leaf-number mutant of Cymbidium, increases the number of leaves in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Gengyun , Cheng Longjie , Li Zhilin , Zhao Yiran , Wang Yuying
Published: May 2023

Ornamental foliage plants have long been cultivated for their attractive leaves. Variation in leaf traits of ornamental foliage plants is one of the goals in breeding. MYB transcription factors regulate many aspects of leaf development, and thus influence morphological traits of leaves. However, little is known about the function of MYB transcription factors in leaf development of Cymbidium, one of the most economically important ornamental plants in the world. In the present study, a MYB transcription factor, CcMYB24, was identified and the corresponding gene cloned from a new orchid mutant, TRIR-2, which produces more leaves than control plants. The CcMYB24 showed a higher expression level in ‘TRIR-2’ than in control plants, and the protein was located in the nucleus. The sequence of CcMYB24 showed a high similarity with RAX2-like genes which belong to the R2R3-MYB gene family in other Cymbidium plants. Overexpression of CcMYB24 resulted in a phenotype with an increased number of leaves, elevated chlorophyll content, and decreased contents of carotenoids and flavonoids in Arabidopsis. These results provide functional evidence for the role of CcMYB24 in promoting the production of leaves in ‘TRIR-2’. Understanding the role of CcMYB24 in Cymbidium will be beneficial for the molecular breeding of ornamental foliage plants.
Polarización sentimental en Twitter durante el Paro Nacional de 2021 en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, España, Said-Hung Elias , Arce-García Sergio ,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, España, Mottareale-Calvanese Daria ,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, España
Published: May 2023

En 2021, Colombia vivió uno de los períodos de protestas sociales –motivadas inicialmente como respuesta a las reformas planteadas por el gobierno de este país, en materia tributaria, de salud o de pensión– más significativos de su historia republicana reciente. Un escenario de alta conflictividad, en el que las redes sociales tuvieron un rol protagónico, al dar cuenta de lo que acontecía en cada jornada de protestas y como escenario para reivindicar las demandas sociales. En este contexto, este trabajo busca comprender cómo la polarización sentimental observada en Twitter favoreció la estrategia de movilización digital. Para abordar este objetivo, se analizó un total de 1.215.646 mensajes publicados en español, recolectados en Twitter entre el 01/05/2021 y el 03/07/2022, y asociados con los principales hashtags empleados durante el período estudiado (#paronacionalcolombia, #nosestanmatandocolombia, #SOSColombia, #Colombiaalertaroja y #ColombiaSOSDDHH). Los resultados muestran una aparente coordinación entre usuarios localizados en diferentes países, quienes movilizan digitalmente el debate alrededor de estas protestas, mediante la viralización de ejes temáticos centrados, principalmente, en visibilizar el desarrollo de las protestas, la violencia de los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado colombiano, y la violación de los derechos humanos. Estos temas abordados en micro narrativas publicadas en Twitter contienen una carga sentimental diferente, de acuerdo con el país de origen de estos mensajes, que pudieron favorecer la polarización y conflictividad de la opinión pública alrededor de lo acontecido en dicho país.
Performatividad de las identidades de género en moda. Impacto de los estereotipos en Vogue y GQ
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España, Pérez-Curiel Concha , Sanz-Marcos Paloma ,   Universidad de Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, España, Velasco Molpeceres Ana ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la diversidad, inclusión y los estereotipos en las revistas de modas internacionales, destinadas al público femenino o masculino, analizando las representaciones y el discurso derivado de sus publicaciones. Se trata de un análisis que pretende descubrir los estereotipos y las ambigüedades de los cambios sociales actuales. En una primera fase (F1), aplicamos una metodología de análisis de contenido mixto sobre las imágenes de portada (n1=120) difundidas en 2020 a través de las cuentas de Instagram de Vogue y GQ, en el marco de Estados Unidos y de Europa. Posteriormente, (F2) diseñamos un panel de expertos (n2=14) en el que participaron diseñadores con marca propia, miembros de equipos creativos de firmas internacionales y directores de agencias de modelos para debatir los resultados obtenidos en la primera fase. Un avance de los resultados constata, por un lado, que los estereotipos de belleza continúan copando las portadas de las revistas de moda, aunque se detecta cierta apertura hacia la inclusividad y la diversidad, especialmente en las publicaciones femeninas; las revistas masculinas siguen mostrando una imagen de hombre sujeta al canon clásico, pero con tendencia al cambio.
Aprendizaje automático para el análisis cross-plataforma de la comunicación política: Gobierno y oposición argentinos en Facebook, Instagram y Twitter
Authors:   Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Albanese Federico , Feuerstein Esteban ,   Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Kessler Gabriel ,   Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Platay Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina, Ortiz de Zárate Juan Manuel ,   Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: May 2023

Este artículo indaga acerca de la comunicación política en las distintas plataformas, aplicando métodos de las ciencias de datos para analizar similitudes y diferencias entre las publicaciones en Facebook, Instagram y Twitter de 50 políticos argentinos durante 2020. Es un estudio pionero en la región entre los trabajos cross-plataformas y sus objetivos son heurísticos y metodológicos. En relación a lo primero, se demuestra que hay estrategias diferentes según las plataformas: Twitter es el terreno de controversias e interpelaciones entre los políticos y allí la toxicidad es recompensada, mientras que en Facebook e Instagram los políticos despliegan los tópicos en los que parecen considerarse más fuertes. Así, el estudio cross-plataformas permite observar que aun en un contexto polarizado como el argentino existen temas comunes y sin polémicas entre sectores opuestos. En lo metodológico, utilizamos métodos novedosos e implementamos un reciente algoritmo de detección de tópicos, aplicamos análisis de sentimiento con el objetivo de entender si son textos positivos o negativos, y redes neuronales profundas para medir la toxicidad, entre otros. El artículo pone a disposición la caja de herramientas desarrolladas durante la investigación, las que pueden ser de utilidad para trabajar corpus de texto de gran magnitud.
#Maternidad: emergencia de mercados digitales maternales en cuentas chilenas de Instagram.
Authors:   Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile, Tabilo Prieto Ismael , Moyano Dávila Camila ,   Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, Gallegos Jara Francisca ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
Published: May 2023

En el marco de la acelerada proliferación de espacios digitales de comunicación, el maternaje se define cada vez más en función de las prácticas de consumo. Sin embargo, como otras prácticas de consumo y marketing, las interacciones en redes sociales producen normas culturales estáticas. La presente investigación se centra en la emergencia de mercados digitales maternales en cuentas de Instagram en Chile. Utilizando aproximaciones a la etnografía digital, el análisis narrativo y el análisis visual, exploramos la composición de las imágenes y el contenido de los textos para dilucidar las formas en que el recorrido de legitimidad desde la experiencia a la oferta de distintos productos, talleres o consejos generales sobre crianza, movilizan afectos e idearios normativos sobre la “buena maternidad”. Los resultados sugieren que el ensamblaje de algoritmos, afectos y normas produce imágenes específicas sobre la maternidad junto a las usuarias, mediante el seguimiento de sus acciones y preferencias, conformando así un mecanismo de vigilancia de las consumidoras. El análisis del movimiento normativo muestra un discurso basado en el “querer”, transformando el maternaje en un proyecto de autoconstrucción de sí mismo, mientras que los afectos se sostienen gracias a la promesa de pertenencia y la movilización del sentimiento de carencia afectiva y/o material.
Prácticas comunicativas y subjetividad política juvenil en el estallido social colombiano de 2021
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México, Linares Sánchez Malely , Postigo Gómez Inmaculada ,   Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
Published: May 2023

En este artículo analizamos las prácticas comunicativas, sociopolíticas y culturales protagonizadas por los jóvenes participantes en el Paro Nacional del 28 de abril en Colombia y en las subsecuentes manifestaciones de 2021, las que se suman al accionar juvenil de otros estallidos sociales surgidos a partir de 2019 en Latinoamérica. Recurrimos al análisis documental y a la etnografía virtual. En estas prácticas, los jóvenes denuncian y proponen posibilidades de cambio frente al sistema capitalista, la herencia colonial, el racismo y el patriarcado. Los resultados muestran que estas prácticas emergentes se asientan en cinco grandes ejes: (1) comunicación online y offline; (2) confianza y alianza intergeneracional y pluriclasista para luchar por los mismos objetivos; (3) colaboración para romper los límites espacio-temporales y extender los discursos de resistencia entre distintos movimientos sociales; (4) construcción de lo común en cuanto a necesidades de derechos mínimos con propuestas anticapitalistas reforzando una identidad colectiva, y (5) rol protagónico de las mujeres. Todo ello configura una nueva subjetividad política juvenil coordinada, visibilizada y conectada, enunciada mediante narrativas y formas de organización alternativas al modelo hegemónico y al aparato estatal, y en donde las redes sociales son elementos que coadyuvan el resto de acciones online y offline observadas.
A presença chinesa no Brasil no governo Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Almeida Jorge
Published: May 2023

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a presença chinesa no Brasil no século XXI dentro do contexto América Latina, especialmente no segundo mandato presidencial de Dilma Rousseff, ou seja, ao final do primeiro período de governos do PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores). A China, já sendo forte parceiro comercial de países da região e do Brasil (exportando mercadorias industrializadas e importando matérias primas) a partir do início os governos do PT, começava a ser também um exportador de capitais em diversos setores, aprofundando relações econômicas e políticas em grande parte da região que, assim, diversificava a sua dependência, enquanto aprofundava-a. Isso tem ocorrido dentro do crescente protagonismo econômico e geopolítico mundial chinês, que amplia sua presença em todos os continentes.
Physical and Chemical Variables of Freshwater Swamp Ponds of Engenni, Ahoada-West, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Lazarus O. T. , Anaero-Nweke G. N. , Green A. F. , Amachree D. , Mbambo S. W.
Published: May 2023

The Physical and chemical quality of natural water is essential for the life of aquatic organisms. This study was aimed at investigating the physical and chemical parameters of eight (8) local swamp ponds in the freshwater swamp of Engenni. Physical and chemical parameters of the freshwater swamp ponds were monitored over a period of three months (February-April 2019), During this period, Temperature (℃), Dissolved Oxygen (DO, mg/l), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC:µs/cm), Total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/l), Salinity (‰), Turbidity (NTU)  and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were measured in situ. Temperature values did not vary significantly across stations. DO values ranged between 0.55 ± 0.01mg/l and 0.95 ± 0.02mg/l, which was consistently lower than the 5mg/l prescribed to sustain fish health.  pH values ranged from 6.17 ± 0.01 to 6.56 ± 0.01, indicating that the ponds were marginally acidic. Range values for EC (46.60 ± 0.10µs/cm to 156.57 ± 0.06µs/cm) and TDS (30.13 ± 0.12mg/l to 104.07mg/l ± 0.12mg/l) followed the same pattern as they were both highest and lowest in stations V and VII respectively. Salinity values of 0.02 ± 0.01‰ to 0.06 ± 0.0‰ across all stations was indicative of a typical freshwater environment. Turbidity was highest at station VIII. The result obtained from this research suggests that these swamp ponds are capable of sustaining life in the aquatic ecosystem, but only fish species that are low oxygen tolerant may survive in them.
Numerical Modeling of Tunnel Support System in Himalayan Rock Masses for Seismic Resilience
Authors: Thapa Amir , Chaulagain Bikash , Ghimire Niraj , Dhungana Samir , Joshi Dev Raj
Published: May 2023

This study uses numerical modeling in combination with rock mass classification approaches to develop tunnel support systems that are safe from earthquakes, ultimately contributing to the seismic resilience of the important infrastructure. A case study of tunnel in Himalayan region of Nepal has been considered for seismic assessment of tunnel supports in different geological conditions. For better quality rock masses (GSI>30), strain-softening model was used, and for weaker rock masses (GSI<30), elastic-perfectly-plastic model was used. To ensure safety in the case of extremely poor rock mass, shotcrete thickness had to be increased by 100 mm over that recommended by empirical methods. In both models, shotcrete in the sections with high overburden showed a significant decrease in FOS. Even though this type of unusual finding has also been reported in the Melamchi water supply tunnel after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, no further studies to investigate the influencing factors have been done. While this condition occurred in the model used in this study because of the application of higher in-situ stress for sections with a larger depth of overburden, the actual reason for the occurrence of this situation as a result of an earthquake remains unexplained. Future research should take into account the effects of discontinuities, epicentral distance, aftershocks, and the incorporation of actual stress measurements from the field for numerical modeling.
Microbiological quality of probiotic added traditional Çamur cheese
Authors: KARABIYIKLI ÇİÇEK Şeniz , ERDOĞMUŞ Sümeyya
Published: May 2023

Çamur cheese is a traditional fermented dairy product produced in the Tire district of İzmir, Turkey. In this study, the microbiological quality of cheese samples purchased from local markets was determined. The Çamur cheeses with and without the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis were produced in the laboratory. All purchased (PC), lab-produced (LPC) and lab-produced-functional cheese (LPFC) samples were stored at 4°C for 30 days which were then analyzed periodically to determine the microbiological profile during refrigeration. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundi were detected in the PC samples, and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) counts were higher than 5 log CFU g-1 during the first 5 days. However, TMAB counts were lower in LPC samples until the end of Day30. LAB counts were >7 log CFU g-1 for LPFC samples until Day 20. In conclusion, adding probiotic bacteria led to longer shelf life and safer products thus making the traditional Çamur cheese more functional.
Keywords: Functional food; Microbial quality; Probiotic bacteria; Shelf life; Traditional cheese.
Adverse Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Low-risk Pulmonary Embolism and Concerning Computed Tomography Imaging Findings
Authors: O’Hare Connor , Grace Kelsey A. , Schaeffer William J. , Hyder S. Nabeel , Stover Michael , Liles Amber L. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Cranford James A. , Kocher Keith E. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Greineder Colin F.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Most patients presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are hospitalized, despite evidence from multiple society-based guidelines recommending consideration of outpatient treatment for those with low risk stratification scores. One barrier to outpatient treatment may be clinician concern regarding findings on PE-protocol computed tomography (CTPE), which are perceived as high risk but not incorporated into commonly used risk stratification tools.

Objective

To evaluate the association of concerning CTPE findings with outcomes and treatment of patients in the ED with acute, low-risk PE.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a registry of all acute PEs diagnosed in the adult ED of an academic medical center from October 10, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Acute PE cases were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on PE Severity Index (PESI) class alone or using a combination of PESI class and biomarker results. The low-risk group was further divided based on the presence of concerning CTPE findings: (1) bilateral central embolus, (2) right ventricle–to–left ventricle ratio greater than 1.0, (3) right ventricle enlargement, (4) septal abnormality, or (5) pulmonary infarction. Data analysis was conducted from June to October 2022.

Main Outcomes and measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 7 and 30 days. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization, length of stay, need for intensive care, use of echocardiography and/or bedside ultrasonography, and activation of the PE response team (PERT) .

Results

Of 817 patients (median [IQR] age, 58 [47-71] years; 417 (51.0%) female patients; 129 [15.8%] Black and 645 [78.9%] White patients) with acute PEs, 331 (40.5%) were low risk and 486 (59.5%) were high risk by PESI score. Clinical outcomes were similar for all low-risk patients, with no 30-day deaths in the low-risk group with concerning CTPE findings (0 of 151 patients) vs 4 of 180 (2.2%) in the low-risk group without concerning CTPE findings and 88 (18.1%) in the high-risk group (P < .001). Low-risk patients with concerning CTPE findings were less frequently discharged from the ED than those without concerning CTPE findings (3 [2.0%] vs 14 [7.8%]; P = .01) and had more frequent echocardiography (87 [57.6%] vs 49 [27.2%]; P < .001) and PERT activation for consideration of advanced therapies (34 [22.5%] vs 11 [6.1%]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this single-center study, CTPE findings widely believed to confer high risk were associated with increased hospitalization and resource utilization in patients with low-risk PE but not short-term adverse clinical outcomes.
Importance of Integrating Spiritual, Existential, Religious, and Theological Components in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies
Authors: Palitsky Roman , Kaplan Deanna M. , Peacock Caroline , Zarrabi Ali John , Maples-Keller Jessica L. , Grant George H. , Dunlop Boadie W. , Raison Charles L.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Mounting evidence supports the role of spiritual, existential, religious, and theological components in mediating psychedelic-assisted therapy, yet integration of these elements into the clinical setting is lagging

Observations

Although psychedelic-assisted therapy commonly produces spiritually, existentially, religiously, or theologically relevant experiences for patients, these have not been systematically integrated into the psychotherapies that accompany therapeutic uses of psychedelics. As a key feature and potential mediator of therapeutic effects, evidence-based psychedelic-assisted therapies should include these topics in the treatment model. Research across multiple diagnostic targets and treatment contexts suggests that spiritually integrated psychotherapies are effective, feasible, and produce add-on benefits in spiritually, existentially, religiously, and theologically relevant outcomes, which are particularly germane to psychedelics. Established standards in spiritually integrated psychotherapy may be fruitfully applied to psychedelic-assisted therapy. Objectives for spiritually, existentially, religiously, and theologically integrated psychedelic-assisted therapy based on these standards and informed by considerations specific to psychedelics are recommended.

Conclusions and Relevance

Spiritual, existential, religious, and theological topics’ integration in psychedelic-assisted therapy is needed to ensure culturally competent, evidence-based treatment aligned with the highest standards of clinical care. Neglecting to address these topics can detract from cultural competence, contribute to risks for patients, and potentially undermine treatment success.
Management of Pilonidal Disease
Authors: Gil Lindsay A. , Deans Katherine J. , Minneci Peter C.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The management of pilonidal disease continues to be a challenge due to high rates of recurrence and treatment-associated morbidity.

Observations

There is a heterogeneous repertoire of treatment modalities used in the management of pilonidal disease and wide practice variation among clinicians. Available treatment options vary considerably in their level of invasiveness, associated morbidity and disability, risks of complications, and effectiveness at preventing disease recurrence. Conservative nonoperative management strategies, including persistent improved hygiene, depilation, and lifestyle modification, focus on disease prevention and minimization of disease activity. Epilation techniques using both laser and intense pulse light therapy are also used as primary and adjunct treatment modalities. Other nonoperative treatment modalities include phenol and fibrin injection to promote closure of pilonidal sinuses. The traditional operative management strategy for pilonidal disease involves excision of affected tissue paired with a variety of closure types including primary midline closure, primary off-midline closure techniques (ie, Karydakis flap, Limberg flap, Bascom cleft lift), and healing by secondary intention. There has been a recent shift toward more minimally invasive operative approaches including sinusectomy (ie, trephination or Gips procedure) and endoscopic approaches. Overall, the current evidence supporting the different treatment options is limited by study quality with inconsistent characterization of disease severity and use of variable definitions and reporting of treatment-associated outcomes across studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

Pilonidal disease is associated with significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Optimal treatments will minimize disease and treatment-associated morbidity. There is a need for standardization of definitions used to characterize pilonidal disease and its outcomes to develop evidence-based treatment algorithms.