bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifidobacterium Breve Enhances Transforming Growth Factor β1 Signaling by Regulating Smad7 Expression in Preterm Infants
Authors: Fujii Tohru , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Lee Tsubasa , Kudo Takahiro , Shoji Hiromichi , Sato Hiroaki , Nagata Satoru , Shimizu Toshiaki , Yamashiro Yuichiro
Published: July 2006

Objectives:

Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 displays a broad spectrum of activities in mucosal regulation, including induction of oral tolerance, potent anti‐inflammatory effects, mucosal IgA expression and effects on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study examined the effect of probiotics on the immunologic system of preterm infants in relation to TGF‐β signaling.

Methods:

Subjects comprised 19 preterm infants divided into 2 groups: receiving Bifidobacterium breve supplementation (B. breve group) and without supplementation (controls). Blood samples were collected from both groups on days 0, 14 and 28 after birth. Serum cytokine levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and expression levels of the TGF‐β signaling molecule, Smad, were examined using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Serum TGF‐β1 level was elevated on day 14 and remained elevated on day 28 in the B. breve group. Level of messenger RNA expression was enhanced for Smad3 and reduced for Smad7 (antagonistic Smad) after B. breve administration relative to levels in controls on day 28.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrated that the administration of B. breve to preterm infants can up‐regulate TGF‐β1 signaling and may possibly be beneficial in attenuating inflammatory and allergic reactions in these infants.
Nutritional Management of the Gluten‐free Diet in Young People with Celiac Disease in The Netherlands
Authors: Hopman Erica G.D. , le Cessie Saskia , von Blomberg B. Mary E. , Mearin M. Luisa
Published: July 2006

Background:

For young people with celiac disease, adherence to the gluten‐free diet may be difficult to achieve and gluten restriction may lead to insufficient nutrient intake and unbalanced food intake resulting in overweight. In The Netherlands, no nutritional information is available. Therefore, we evaluated the nutritional management and nutritional state in young celiac patients.

Methods:

The Dutch Celiac Society invited all its members aged 12 to 25 years to complete a food record and a questionnaire. Nutrient intakes were compared with the recommendations and the intake in the general population. Total immunoglobin A, endomysial antibody, tissue transglutaminase and IgA gliadin were determined, and height and weight were assessed.

Results:

Strict dietary compliance was reported by 75%. The fiber and iron intakes were significantly lower, and the saturated fat intake significantly higher than recommended but comparable with the general population. Most of the patients (61%) found the diet easy to follow. Regular medical controls were reported by 86% but regular dietary controls by only 7% of the patients. Mean and SD scores for height and body mass index were −0.3 ± 1.1 and −0.3 ± 0.8, respectively.

Conclusions:

The dietary compliance in this group is high, the nutritional state is adequate, but the nutrient intake is not. Better medical and dietary support is necessary to prevent long‐term complications and to achieve an ongoing satisfying management in this group of young patients with a chronic disorder.
Lectin‐reactive α‐Fetoprotein in Patients with Tyrosinemia Type I and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Baumann Ulrich , Duhme Valeska , Auth Marcus K.H. , McKiernan Patrick J. , Holme Elisabeth
Published: July 2006

Despite the introduction of 2‐(2‐nitro‐4‐trifluormethyl‐benzoyl)‐1,3‐cyclohexandion into the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1), patients remain at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serial total α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels are used to monitor the individual patient. Lectin‐reactive α‐fetoprotein (L3‐AFP) is an AFP isoform that is expressed by malignant liver tumors. We investigated whether the analysis of L3‐AFP could lead to earlier detection of HCC in HT1 compared with judgement based on total AFP alone. AFP electrophoresis using lectin‐containing agarose gel identifies L3‐AFP by the affinity of its specific carbohydrate chain to lectin. We report the retrospective analysis of sequential serum samples of 12 patients with HT1 and histologically proven HCC. AFP isoforms could be identified in all 12 patients. In 6 patients, the L3‐AFP increased before the total AFP. In 3 patients, the rise in L3‐AFP was parallel to the rise of total AFP; and in 3 patients, the L3‐AFP was raised after the total AFP or did not increase at all. We were able to identify 6 of 12 patients with an early increase in the new tumor marker. Lectin‐affinity electrophoresis may have a role in discriminating benign liver disease from HCC in HT1. We suggest the further evaluation of L3‐AFP in HT1.
Nutrition Support for Neurologically Impaired Children
Authors: Marchand Valerie , Motil Kathleen J. ,   NASPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Published: July 2006

Undernutrition, growth failure, overweight, micronutrient deficiencies, and osteopenia are nutritional comorbidities that affect the neurologically impaired child. Monitoring neurologically impaired children for nutritional comorbidities is an integral part of their care. Early involvement by a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, dieticians, occupational and speech therapists, psychologists, and social workers is essential to prevent the adverse outcomes associated with feeding difficulties and poor nutritional status. Careful evaluation and monitoring of severely disabled children for nutritional problems are warranted because of the increased risk of nutrition‐related morbidity and mortality.
The Diagnostic Value of Serum Interleukins 6 and 8 in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Lin Chien‐Hung , Hsieh Chiea‐Chang , Chen Shu‐Jen , Wu Tzee‐Chung , Chung Ruey‐Lung , Tang Ren‐Bin
Published: July 2006

Objectives:

Early identification of the pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis in children helps the physicians managing the disease and prevents unnecessary antibiotic treatment. C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL‐8 play a major role in immune responses and have been studied in a large number of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum IL‐6 and IL‐8 concentrations early in the course of acute gastroenteritis to see if these cytokines were useful diagnostic markers in differentiating viral from bacterial gastroenteritis.

Methods:

Interleukin 6, IL‐8 and CRP were measured in 18 patients with bacterial gastroenteritis, 21 patients with viral gastroenteritis and 17 healthy children.

Results:

Interleukin 6 and CRP concentrations in patients with bacterial gastroenteritis were significantly higher than those in patients with viral gastroenteritis and healthy controls (P < 0.001). IL‐8 concentrations in patients with viral and bacterial gastroenteritis were both increased and were not statistically different. IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels had diagnostic sensitivities of 79% and 50% and specificities of 86% and 67%, respectively. The combination of IL‐6 and CRP had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 71%, a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 93.75%.

Conclusions:

Serum IL‐6 may be a useful marker for early differentiation of viral and bacterial gastroenteritis in children, especially in combination with CRP.
Negative environmental perturbations may improve species persistence
Authors: Robert Alexandre
Published: June 2006

Among the factors proximally involved in the extinction of small isolated populations, genetic deterioration and temporal variation in environmental quality have been the subjects of intensive research in ecological and evolutionary sciences. However, previous theoretical studies and population viability assessments generally assumed a strict dichotomy between these two types of threat. Yet a number of empirical studies have recently suggested that the effects of genetic deterioration and environmental variation should not be considered independently, by demonstrating that the main effect of inbreeding depression lies with its tendency to exacerbate the deleterious consequences of environmental stress. Capitalizing on these results, I developed a stochastic model to examine the impact of random environmental perturbations on the persistence time of small isolated populations subject to inbreeding depression and mutation accumulation. The model assumes that spontaneous deleterious mutations have more severe effects when perturbations occur, which results in more efficient purging of the mutation load. Under this assumption, I find that negative perturbations may paradoxically improve middle- and long-term species persistence for realistic frequency of occurrence and severity distribution.
Extreme natural hazards: population growth, globalization and environmental change
Authors: Huppert Herbert E , Sparks R. Stephen J
Published: June 2006

Mankind is becoming ever more susceptible to natural disasters, largely as a consequence of population growth and globalization. It is likely that in the future, we will experience several disasters per year that kill more than 10 000 people. A calamity with a million casualties is just a matter of time. This situation is mainly a consequence of increased vulnerability. Climate change may also be affecting the frequency of extreme weather events as well as the vulnerability of coastal areas due to sea-level rise. Disastrous outcomes can only increase unless better ways are found to mitigate the effects through improved forecasting and warning, together with more community preparedness and resilience. There are particular difficulties with extreme events, which can affect several countries, while the largest events can have global consequences. The hazards of supervolcanic eruptions and asteroid impacts could cause global disaster with threats to civilization and deaths of billions of people. Although these are very rare events, they will happen and require consideration. More frequent and smaller events in the wrong place at the wrong time could have very large human, environmental and economic effects. A sustained effort is needed to identify places at risk and take steps to apply science before the events occur.
The role of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) in the Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Hui-Jye , Lin Chung-Ming , Lin Chyuan-Sheng , Perez-Olle Raul , Leung Conrad L. , Liem Ronald K.H.
Published: July 2006

MACF1 (microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1) is a multidomain protein that can associate with microfilaments and microtubules. We found that MACF1 was highly expressed in neuronal tissues and the foregut of embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) embryos and the head fold and primitive streak of E7.5 embryos. MACF1−/− mice died at the gastrulation stage and displayed developmental retardation at E7.5 with defects in the formation of the primitive streak, node, and mesoderm. This phenotype was similar to Wnt-3−/− and LRP5/6 double-knockout embryos. In the absence of Wnt, MACF1 associated with a complex that contained Axin, β-catenin, GSK3β, and APC. Upon Wnt stimulation, MACF1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the Axin complex to LRP6 at the cell membrane. Reduction of MACF1 with small interfering RNA decreased the amount of β-catenin in the nucleus, and led to an inhibition of Wnt-induced TCF/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation. Similar results were obtained with a dominant-negative MACF1 construct that contained the Axin-binding region. Reduction of MACF1 in Wnt-1-expressing P19 cells resulted in decreased T (Brachyury) gene expression, a DNA-binding transcription factor that is a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and required for mesoderm formation. These results suggest a new role of MACF1 in the Wnt signaling pathway.
mRNA degradation by miRNAs and GW182 requires both CCR4:NOT deadenylase and DCP1:DCP2 decapping complexes
Authors: Behm-Ansmant Isabelle , Rehwinkel Jan , Doerks Tobias , Stark Alexander , Bork Peer , Izaurralde Elisa
Published: July 2006

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) silence the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally. Their function is mediated by the Argonaute proteins (AGOs), which colocalize to P-bodies with mRNA degradation enzymes. Mammalian P-bodies are also marked by the GW182 protein, which interacts with the AGOs and is required for miRNA function. We show that depletion of GW182 leads to changes in mRNA expression profiles strikingly similar to those observed in cells depleted of the essential Drosophila miRNA effector AGO1, indicating that GW182 functions in the miRNA pathway. When GW182 is bound to a reporter transcript, it silences its expression, bypassing the requirement for AGO1. Silencing by GW182 is effected by changes in protein expression and mRNA stability. Similarly, miRNAs silence gene expression by repressing protein expression and/or by promoting mRNA decay, and both mechanisms require GW182. mRNA degradation, but not translational repression, by GW182 or miRNAs is inhibited in cells depleted of CAF1, NOT1, or the decapping DCP1:DCP2 complex. We further show that the N-terminal GW repeats of GW182 interact with the PIWI domain of AGO1. Our findings indicate that GW182 links the miRNA pathway to mRNA degradation by interacting with AGO1 and promoting decay of at least a subset of miRNA targets.
Copy number variation: New insights in genome diversity
Authors: Freeman Jennifer L. , Perry George H. , Feuk Lars , Redon Richard , McCarroll Steven A. , Altshuler David M. , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Jones Keith W. , Tyler-Smith Chris , Hurles Matthew E. , Carter Nigel P. , Scherer Stephen W. , Lee Charles
Published: June 2006

DNA copy number variation has long been associated with specific chromosomal rearrangements and genomic disorders, but its ubiquity in mammalian genomes was not fully realized until recently. Although our understanding of the extent of this variation is still developing, it seems likely that, at least in humans, copy number variants (CNVs) account for a substantial amount of genetic variation. Since many CNVs include genes that result in differential levels of gene expression, CNVs may account for a significant proportion of normal phenotypic variation. Current efforts are directed toward a more comprehensive cataloging and characterization of CNVs that will provide the basis for determining how genomic diversity impacts biological function, evolution, and common human diseases.
Expression and Functional Analyses of the Plastid Lipid-Associated Protein CHRC Suggest Its Role in Chromoplastogenesis and Stress
Authors: Leitner-Dagan Yael , Ovadis Marianna , Shklarman Elena , Elad Yigal , Rav David Dalia , Vainstein Alexander
Published: July 2006

Chromoplastogenesis during flower development and fruit ripening involves the dramatic overaccumulation of carotenoids sequestered into structures containing lipids and proteins called plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAPs). CHRC, a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) PAP, has been suggested to be transcriptionally activated in carotenoid-accumulating flowers by gibberellin (GA). Mybys, a MYB-like trans-activator identified here, may represent a chromoplastogenesis-related factor: Its expression is flower specific and parallels that of ChrC during flower development; moreover, as revealed by stable ectopic and transient-expression assays, it specifically trans-activates ChrC promoter in flowers accumulating carotenoids and flavonoids. A detailed dissection of ChrC promoter revealed a GA-responsive element, gacCTCcaa, the mutation of which abolished ChrC activation by GA. This cis-element is different from the GARE motif and is involved in ChrC activation probably via negative regulation, similar to other GA-responsive systems. The GA responsiveness and MYBYS floral activation of the ChrC promoter do not overlap with respect to cis-elements. To study the functionality of CHRC, which is activated in vegetative tissues similar to other PAPs by various biotic and abiotic stresses, we employed a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plant system and generated RNAi-transgenic lines with suppressed LeCHRC. Transgenic flowers accumulated approximately 30% less carotenoids per unit protein than controls, indicating an interrelationship between PAPs and flower-specific carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. Moreover, the transgenic LeCHRC-suppressed plants were significantly more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea infection, suggesting CHRC's involvement in plant protection under stress conditions and supporting the general, evolutionarily preserved role of PAPs.
Mutations in Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 and Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles in Metal Ion Homeostasis and Loading of Metal Ions in Seeds
Authors: Waters Brian M. , Chu Heng-Hsuan , DiDonato Raymond J. , Roberts Louis A. , Eisley Robynn B. , Lahner Brett , Salt David E. , Walker Elsbeth L.
Published: July 2006

Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant. β-Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by YSL1 and YSL3 promoters, reveals expression patterns of the genes in roots, leaves, and flowers. Expression was highest in senescing rosette leaves and cauline leaves. Whereas the single mutants ysl1 and ysl3 had no visible phenotypes, the ysl1ysl3 double mutant exhibited Fe deficiency symptoms, such as interveinal chlorosis. Leaf Fe concentrations are decreased in the double mutant, whereas manganese, zinc, and especially copper concentrations are elevated. In seeds of double-mutant plants, the concentrations of Fe, zinc, and copper are low. Mobilization of metals from leaves during senescence is impaired in the double mutant. In addition, the double mutant has reduced fertility due to defective anther and embryo development. The proposed physiological roles for YSL1 and YSL3 are in delivery of metal micronutrients to and from vascular tissues.
Impaired Photosynthesis in Phosphatidylglycerol-Deficient Mutant of Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 with a Disrupted Gene Encoding a Putative Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase
Authors: Wu Feng , Yang Zhenle , Kuang Tingyun
Published: July 2006

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a ubiquitous phospholipid in thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts and plays an important role in the structure and function of photosynthetic membranes. The last step of the PG biosynthesis is dephosphorylation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) catalyzed by PGP phosphatase. However, the gene-encoding PGP phosphatase has not been identified and cloned from cyanobacteria or higher plants. In this study, we constructed a PG-deficient mutant from cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 with a disrupted gene (alr1715, a gene for Alr1715 protein, GenBank accession no. BAB78081) encoding a putative PGP phosphatase. The obtained mutant showed an approximately 30% reduction in the cellular content of PG. Following the reduction in the PG content, the photoautotrophical growth of the mutant was restrained, and the cellular content of chlorophyll was decreased. The decreases in net photosynthetic and photosystem II (PSII) activities on a cell basis also occurred in this mutant. Simultaneously, the photochemical efficiency of PSII was considerably declined, and less excitation energy was transferred toward PSII. These findings demonstrate that the alr1715 gene of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 is involved in the biosynthesis of PG and essential for photosynthesis.
Overexpression of a Protein Phosphatase 2C from Beech Seeds in Arabidopsis Shows Phenotypes Related to Abscisic Acid Responses and Gibberellin Biosynthesis
Authors: Reyes David , Rodríguez Dolores , González-García Mary Paz , Lorenzo Oscar , Nicolás Gregorio , García-Martínez José Luis , Nicolás Carlos
Published: July 2006

A functional abscisic acid (ABA)-induced protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C) was previously isolated from beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds (FsPP2C2). Because transgenic work is not possible in beech, in this study we overexpressed this gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to provide genetic evidence on FsPP2C2 function in seed dormancy and other plant responses. In contrast with other PP2Cs described so far, constitutive expression of FsPP2C2 in Arabidopsis, under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, produced enhanced sensitivity to ABA and abiotic stress in seeds and vegetative tissues, dwarf phenotype, and delayed flowering, and all these effects were reversed by gibberellic acid application. The levels of active gibberellins (GAs) were reduced in 35S:FsPP2C2 plants, although transcript levels of AtGA20ox1 and AtGA3ox1 increased, probably as a result of negative feedback regulation, whereas the expression of GASA1 was induced by GAs. Additionally, FsPP2C2-overexpressing plants showed a strong induction of the Responsive to ABA 18 (RAB18) gene. Interestingly, FsPP2C2 contains two nuclear targeting sequences, and transient expression assays revealed that ABA directed this protein to the nucleus. Whereas other plant PP2Cs have been shown to act as negative regulators, our results support the hypothesis that FsPP2C2 is a positive regulator of ABA. Moreover, our results indicate the existence of potential cross-talk between ABA signaling and GA biosynthesis.
A Chromoplast-Specific Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Revealed by Cloning of the Tomato white-flower Locus
Authors: Galpaz Navot , Ronen Gil , Khalfa Zehava , Zamir Dani , Hirschberg Joseph
Published: July 2006

Carotenoids and their oxygenated derivatives xanthophylls play essential roles in the pigmentation of flowers and fruits. Wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flowers are intensely yellow due to accumulation of the xanthophylls neoxanthin and violaxanthin. To study the regulation of xanthophyll biosynthesis, we analyzed the mutant white-flower (wf). It was found that the recessive wf phenotype is caused by mutations in a flower-specific β-ring carotene hyroxylase gene (CrtR-b2). Two deletions and one exon-skipping mutation in different CrtR-b2 wf alleles abolish carotenoid biosynthesis in flowers but not leaves, where the homologous CrtR-b1 is constitutively expressed. A second β-carotene hydroxylase enzyme as well as flower- and fruit-specific geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, and lycopene β-cyclase together define a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway active in chromoplasts only, underscoring the crucial role of gene duplication in specialized plant metabolic pathways. We hypothesize that this pathway in tomato was initially selected during evolution to enhance flower coloration and only later recruited to enhance fruit pigmentation. The elimination of β-carotene hydroxylation in wf petals results in an 80% reduction in total carotenoid concentration, possibly caused by the inability of petals to store high concentrations of carotenoids other than xanthophylls and by degradation of β-carotene, which accumulates as a result of the wf mutation but is not due to altered expression of genes in the biosynthetic pathway.
Arabidopsis LHT1 Is a High-Affinity Transporter for Cellular Amino Acid Uptake in Both Root Epidermis and Leaf Mesophyll
Authors: Hirner Axel , Ladwig Friederike , Stransky Harald , Okumoto Sakiko , Keinath Melanie , Harms Agnes , Frommer Wolf B. , Koch Wolfgang
Published: July 2006

Amino acid transport in plants is mediated by at least two large families of plasma membrane transporters. Arabidopsis thaliana, a nonmycorrhizal species, is able to grow on media containing amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. Arabidopsis amino acid permease (AAP) subfamily genes are preferentially expressed in the vascular tissue, suggesting roles in long-distance transport between organs. We show that the broad-specificity, high-affinity amino acid transporter LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1 (LHT1), an AAP homolog, is expressed in both the rhizodermis and mesophyll of Arabidopsis. Seedlings deficient in LHT1 cannot use Glu or Asp as sole nitrogen sources because of the severe inhibition of amino acid uptake from the medium, and uptake of amino acids into mesophyll protoplasts is inhibited. Interestingly, lht1 mutants, which show growth defects on fertilized soil, can be rescued when LHT1 is reexpressed in green tissue. These findings are consistent with two major LHT1 functions: uptake in roots and supply of leaf mesophyll with xylem-derived amino acids. The capacity for amino acid uptake, and thus nitrogen use efficiency under limited inorganic N supply, is increased severalfold by LHT1 overexpression. These results suggest that LHT1 overexpression may improve the N efficiency of plant growth under limiting nitrogen, and the mutant analyses may enhance our understanding of N cycling in plants.
The role of food quality certification on consumers' food choices
Authors: Botonaki Anna , Polymeros Konstantinos , Tsakiridou Efthimia , Mattas Konstantinos
Published: June 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer attitudes and behavior towards organic products and products produced under the system of integrated management (SIM) and to compare the socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes that affect consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for these two different certification systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on cross‐sectional data collected through a questionnaire survey. Respondents' attitudes towards the organic and SIM certification systems are examined. A principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was primarily applied to provide a more manageable set of variables relevant to attitudes. Those attitudes together with socioeconomic factors and variables relevant to respondents' motivations to food consumption were used for the estimation of the WTP for organic and SIM products.

Findings

Findings suggest that consumers' level of awareness and information towards the studied certification systems is rather low especially for SIM products. This can be mainly attributed to the inadequate promotion and the low availability of certified products in the Greek market. The study also reveals that the WTP for organic products is higher among consumers who place much importance on health, consume organic fruits/vegetables and get information about food/nutrition issues from doctors/nutritionists/health institutes and magazines. WTP for SIM products is affected mainly by married consumers, regular buyers of organic products and those who consume frequently fruits/vegetables.

Originality/value

This paper provides an outline of the level of awareness and trust of food quality certification systems by Greek consumers, a topic that has not been widely discussed in Greece. The findings can help all the involved bodies to avoid the impediments and develop an adequate marketing strategy for the effective promotion of certified food products.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in the Cypriot brewing industry
Authors: Tsamantanis Vassilis , Kogetsidis Harry
Published: June 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to examine how Keo and Carlsberg (Cyprus), the two main companies operating in the Cypriot brewing industry, have recently introduced enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in their effort to obtain competitive advantage and to increase their market share.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper was based on primary data collected through personal interviews with senior managers of the two companies.

Findings

Both companies have been among the first organisations in Cyprus to implement ERP systems, which have provided the two companies with a single interface for managing all their operations – from entering sales orders to coordinating shipping and after‐sales customer service. The new system has offered considerable benefits to the two companies, both in their production and in other operational functions.

Practical implications

A number of suggestions are made for other Cypriot companies considering the implementation of ERP systems, so that they can achieve maximum benefit from the adoption of such systems.

Originality/value

This paper has examined, for the first time, how the two main Cypriot breweries have implemented ERP systems, the similarities and differences between the two implementations, and the benefits that such systems have brought to the two companies.
A potent secret for winning a crucial edge over your rivals?
Authors: Woodruffe Charles
Published: June 2006

Purpose

To explain that a fully‐engaged employee is an extremely important commercial asset.

Design/methodology/approach

In the absence of detailed research, the author draws on his extensive experience of working with numerous large organizations on maximizing the extent to which their employees are engaged. His experience is practical and has involved working with employees who themselves toil at the “coal‐face” of organizational success. The research presents an informed anecdotal approach to the subject and is made systematic through a range of practical guidelines.

Findings

The nature of the research means that it discusses general strategic issues in business rather than specific statistical findings. But inherent in the paper is the fact that these general strategic issues are unchanging and are of permanent importance.

Practical implications

The practical implications of the paper are enormous. The author is saying nothing less momentous than that the difference between an engaged employee (i.e. one who is fully emotionally and intellectually motivated by his or her work) compared with an employee who is not engaged, is prodigious and can make a huge commercial difference to an organization's performance.

Originality/value

Perhaps the most important observation of all given by the author is that engaged employees provide a discretionary input, that is, they give a level of energy and commitment to the job which the job does not require from a contractual perspective.
Journal citation identity and journal citation image: a portrait of the Journal of Documentation
Authors: Nebelong‐Bonnevie Ellen , Faber Frandsen Tove
Published: June 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a multiple set of journal evaluation indicators using methods and theories from author analysis. Among those are the journal citation identity and the journal citation image.

Design/methodology/approach

The Journal of Documentation is celebrating its 60th anniversary, and for that reason it is portrayed in a bibliometric study using the two indicators, based, e.g. on analyses of references in journal articles and journal co‐citation analyses.

Findings

The Journal of Documentation, which is portrayed in this study is characterized by high impact and high visibility. It publishes a relatively low number of documents with scientific content compared to other journals in the same field. It reaches far into the scientific community and belongs to a field that is more and more visible. The journal is relatively closely bounded to Western Europe, which is an increasing tendency.

Research limitations/implications

The research is based on analyses of just three LIS journals.

Practical implications

Journal citation identity and the journal citation image indicators contribute in giving a more detailed multifaceted picture of a single journal.

Originality/value

The multiple set of indicators give rise to a journal evaluation of a more qualitative nature.
Associating social constructionism and extended cognition in information studies
Authors: Adam Holland George
Published: June 2006

Purpose

To develop a unified research framework that synthesizes similarities between cognitive science and information studies, particularly language. This framework is proposed and explored as useful for future information study research.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis is conducted of two contemporary developments in the distinct disciplines of information studies and cognitive science. The theories of extended cognition and social constructionism are explored, focusing on the issue of context in each of the arguments. The complementarity argument is presented as the strongest argument for extended cognition, while Sanna Talja's work is offered as representative of social constructionism in information studies. The philosophical similarities between extended cognition and social constructionism are then integrated at points of similarity.

Findings

Cognitive science and information studies have a number of unexpected similarities both in broad and specific terms. The opportunity to develop a synchronized research framework is presented as both feasible and mutually beneficial. Additionally, cognitive science is suggested as useful tool in bridging the gap between the frameworks of cognitivism and social constructionism in information studies.

Research limitations/implications

The philosophic discussion borders on technical at times possibly limiting it to those familiar with or interested in the philosophy or meta‐theory within cognitive science and information studies.

Practical implications

The conclusion points to future research between cognitive science and information studies that can be conducted in further research projects. The arguments also move toward continuing discussions of interdisciplinarity in information studies.

Originality/value

Cognitive science is being frequently employed in information studies research and practice. This paper presents an alternative take on how the two can relate and possible benefits, while also exploring very particular movements within each discipline.
Knowledge management issues in knowledge‐intensive SMEs
Authors: Baptista Nunes Miguel , Annansingh Fenio , Eaglestone Barry , Wakefield Richard
Published: June 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a study of knowledge management understanding and usage in small and medium knowledge‐intensive enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has taken an interpretitivist approach, using two knowledge‐intensive South Yorkshire (England) companies as case studies, both of which are characterised by the need to process and use knowledge on a daily basis in order to remain competitive. The case studies were analysed using qualitative research methodology, composed of interviews and concept mapping, thus deriving a characterisation of understandings, perceptions and requirements of SMEs in relation to knowledge management.

Findings

The study provides evidence that, while SMEs, including knowledge intensive ones, acknowledge that adequately capturing, storing, sharing and disseminating knowledge can lead to greater innovation and productivity, their managers are not prepared to invest the relatively high effort on long term knowledge management goals for which they have difficulty in establishing the added value. Thus, knowledge management activities within SMEs tend to happen in an informal way, rarely supported by purposely designed ICT systems.

Research limitations/implications

This paper proposes that further studies in this field are required that focus on organisational and practical issues in order to close the gap between theoretical propositions and the reality of practice.

Practical implications

The study suggests that in order to implement an appropriate knowledge management strategy in SMEs cultural, behavioural, and organisational issues need to be tackled before even considering technical issues.

Originality/value

KM seems to have been successfully applied in large companies, but it is largely disregarded by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). This has been attributed primarily to a lack of a formal approach to the sharing, recording, transferring, auditing and exploiting of organisational knowledge, together with a lack of utilisation of available information technologies. This paper debates these concepts from a research findings point of view.
An empirical study of the relationship between knowledge sharing and IS/IT strategic planning (ISSP)
Authors: Pai Jung‐Chi
Published: June 2006

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing behaviour and the effectiveness of IS/IT strategic planning (ISSP). Furthermore, we explore the factors influencing knowledge‐sharing behaviour among stakeholders in the ISSP process.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the relationships between the constructs in the research model, data were collected by a questionnaire survey sent to the IS/IT executives of 805 large companies in Taiwan.

Findings

Survey results indicate that knowledge sharing behaviour influences the effectiveness of ISSP. Certain factors are also found to influence knowledge sharing behaviour among stakeholders in the ISSP process.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should focus on the following areas, as motivated by limitations of the present study. First, future researchers might attempt to understand the conclusions about the knowledge sharing factors of this research through structured interviews in case studies of IS directors from ongoing or recently completed ISSP projects. Researchers might ask subjects why these factors are associated with the effectiveness of ISSP. Second, future researchers could consider more general factors that affecting knowledge sharing behaviour such as task coordination, rewards and political behaviour. Third, the subjects of this study are IS executives in Taiwan. Cultural differences may exist between Taiwan and other countries. Future research should be similarly carried out in other countries.

Practical implications

To achieve the consistently planning objectives, knowledge sharing is necessary to IS/IT strategic planning. Numerous organizational mechanisms exist that can enhance knowledge sharing and transfer, including IT steering committee and strategic IS/IT team. Furthermore, organizations could apply both of group interaction mechanism and knowledge management mechanism to promote the formulation of organizational learning environment and fit the organizational context during IS/IT strategic planning.

Originality/value

The study shows a growing amount of empirical work that has been conducted examining the relationship between ISSP and organizational context. However, there has been little empirical research that investigates the relationship between knowledge sharing behaviour among stakeholders and the effectiveness of ISSP. The results of this study will be of interest to business managers or strategic planners who are initiating or conducting information systems strategic planning exercises, ant to researchers in the field of information systems management and planning.
Contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and its critical importance in elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Zhang Y.
Published: June 2006

Purpose

To review, analyze and present the effects of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage and the critical importance of these effects in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL).

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental and theoretical research results of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and its caused contact‐fluid interfacial slippage in hydrodynamic lubrication and especially in EHL obtained in the past decades and progressed in recent years by the present author and by others are reviewed. Analysis and presentation are made on both the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength versus fluid pressure curve for a given bulk fluid temperature in an isothermal EHL and the influence of the bulk fluid temperature on this curve.

Findings

It is very clearly and well understood from the present paper that the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in the inlet zone in an EHL contact, i.e. at low EHL fluid film pressures is usually low and usually has rather a weak dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure. This proves the correctness of the EHL theories previously developed by the author based on the assumption of this low value and dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength. It is also very clearly understood that the bulk fluid temperature usually has a strong influence on the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL and the increase of this temperature usually significantly reduces the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL.

Practical implications

A very useful material for the engineers who are engaged in the design of EHL on gears, cams and roller bearings, and for the tribology scientists who thrust efforts in studying EHL and mixed EHL both by theoretical modeling and by experiments.

Originality/value

A new and generalized mode of mixed EHL is originally proposed by incorporating the finding of a more realistic mode of the contact regimes in a practical mixed EHL based on the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage effects. This mode of mixed EHL should become the direction of the theoretical research of mixed EHL in the future.
Consumer attitudes, system's characteristics and internet banking adoption in Malaysia
Authors: Oly Ndubisi Nelson , Sinti Queenie
Published: June 2006

Purpose

This paper examines the determinant structure of customers’ attitude system's characteristics on adoption of internet banking (IB) by Malaysian bank customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework links attitudinal constructs such as importance of IB to customers’ banking needs, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and risk to internet banking adoption. Moreover, the impact of IB site design characteristics on adoption was also verified. An online questionnaire was used in this research and respondents were approached through extensive personalized email invitations as well as postings to the newsgroups.

Findings

The results of the study reveal that the attitudinal factors play a significant role in internet banking adoption. Moreover, utilitarian orientation of the website rather than hedonic orientation has significant influence on adoption. Details of the results, implications of the findings, and conclusions are presented.

Research limitations/implications

The reliability and validit of the research is supported and a number of unfounding variables‐level of education, exposure to IT and usage frequency‐are highlighted.

Practical implications

Informative when planning any new internet service for financial customers.

Originality/value

Draws together the key requirements for extending the use of internet banking in Malaysia.
Awareness and usage of promotional tools by Malaysian consumers: the case of low involvement products
Authors: Oly Ndubisi Nelson , Tung Moi Chew
Published: June 2006

Purpose

To evaluate the awareness and behaviours of Malaysian consumers towards sales promotional tools such as, coupons, price discount, free samples, bonus packs, and in‐store display in the purchase of low involvement products.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper also recognises that certain demographic factors such as education and income of consumers could potentially confound the observed relationships hence, these factors were controlled. A total of 312 consumers in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia were surveyed using a structured questionnaire.

Findings

The results show that price discounts, free samples, bonus packs, and in‐store display are associated with product trial. Coupons do not have any significant effect on product trial.

Research limitations/implications

Only one category of product was considered. None were high involvement so these need further research.

Practical implications

Greate understanding of how Malaysian customers respond to the various sales promotions therefore increased alitity to pich the appropriate promotional miso.

Originality/value

The level of education appears to have no bearing on consumers’ preferences.
Diversity in the workplace
Authors: Peppas Spero C.
Published: June 2006

Purpose

Given the growing importance of the Hispanic population in the USA, the increasing presence of this minority at all organizational levels, and the possibility that different subcultures would value different traits when hiring, the purpose of this research was to determine if there were culture‐related differences in the importance placed on 26 job applicant attributes by Hispanics and non‐Hispanics who were involved in hiring.

Design/methodology/approach

This study compares the importance ratings of 26 job selection attributes by Hispanic and non‐Hispanic respondents to determine the hiring criteria that are important to each group, and to see if differences are statistically significant.

Findings

Significant differences in mean rating scores were found in 13 of the 26 criteria. The Hispanic sample attached greater importance to subjective traits, while the non‐Hispanic group had higher ratings for objectively‐assessed traits.

Practical implications

Given organizational efforts to increase diversity and changing demographics in the US workforce, the results of this study should prove useful to individuals and organizations in the private and public sectors. The findings show that Hispanic and non‐Hispanic respondents had significantly different perceptions with regard to the importance of certain hiring criteria and hence, may assess candidates differently because of what they consider important.

Originality/value

These findings should lead to better understanding among US subcultures, help organizations manage cultural diversity, assist academicians in preparing students for business careers, and improve the matching process between hiring organizations and job applicants.
Human resource management practices in Eritrea: challenges and prospects
Authors: Ghebregiorgis Fitsum , Karsten Luchien
Published: June 2006

Purpose

This article seeks to examine the challenges and prospects of human resource management (HRM) in a developing‐country context. It focuses on contextual factors and employee involvement in analysing HRM to provide theoretical insights.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the above theme, on‐site interviews were carried out with general managers, human resource professionals, line managers and union leaders in eight firms. Furthermore, a sample of 252 employees was included, thereby contributing to the generalisability of the findings.

Findings

This article provides substantial and current information on HRM knowledge and practices in Eritrea. The paper argues that some contextual variables impose certain challenges to HRM practices. However, evidence also reveals that the concept and knowledge of HRM practices, such as training, recruitment, compensation, employee participation, performance appraisal and reward systems, are in place with some indicators of local influence.

Research limitations/implications

In light of the above findings, the article informs multinational companies that transferring managerial expertise to Africa may not necessarily be required, as the knowledge already exists there. A major limitation may derive from the use of convenience sampling in selecting the firms, but extreme caution is taken to get a faithful representation.

Originality/value

Contrary to the dominant view that African management is characterised by authoritarianism, this study shows the participative style of managers. Moreover, it incorporates the attitudes and perceptions of employees, a generally neglected part of HRM studies.