bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
direito de resistência e o tiranicídio no calvinismo
Authors: Morais Gerson Leite de
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de analisar os desdobramentos e a radicalização da Reforma Protestante no contexto das chamadas guerras de religião, especialmente no ambiente francês. O episódio conhecido como Noite de São Bartolomeu acirrou ainda mais os ânimos entre protestantes e católicos e, neste contexto, entre os calvinistas aparecem vários defensores do direito de resistência ao Magistrado e a possibilidade da prática do tiranicídio. Três obras são destacadas e analisadas neste trabalho. Estas obras podem ser definidas como verdadeiros tratados que remontam à história geral da teoria da resistência. Esses tratados são: Francogallia, de François Hotman (jurista, historiador e teólogo), Du droit des magistrats, de Théodore de Bèze (teólogo e sucessor de Calvino em Genebra), e Vindiciae contra tyrannos, atribuído mais comumente a Philippe du Plessis-Mornay. A partir de uma análise filosófica e política, percebe-se que os tratados mencionados, podem ser definidos como verdadeiros pilares, mesmo que ainda de maneira incipiente, de uma nova ordem política. Constata-se também que os tratados possuem uma fonte comum, que é o pensamento polissêmico de João Calvino. Vale ressaltar que este é visto por alguns como um  fundamentador de teorias democráticas de governo, bem como é visto por outros, como um tirano inescrupuloso que agia com mão de ferro em Genebra.  De qualquer forma, não há dúvida de que a possibilidade de resistência ao Magistrado e a noção contratualista do governo são inovações importantes para o cenário político europeu dos séculos XVI e XVII. Também não há dúvida de que esses ativistas, chamados monarcômacos, pautaram o debate da construção das relações políticas no início da modernidade. O caso francês é só um exemplo de como o pensamento de Calvino, e dos calvinistas, floresceu na Europa e depois na América. O puritanismo inglês e o pensamento republicano norte-americano são bons exemplos da força do pensamento calvinista no mundo ocidental.
A memória na era dos aplicativos móveis: uma discussão sobre o papel da fotografia em tempos de Snapchat
Authors: Braga Vitor , Carneiro Jessica , Germano Idilva Maria
Published: April 2022

Os aplicativos móveis e as redes sociais na internet, que primam a fotografia como linguagem principal, têm ganhado espaços irrefutáveis na web, possibilitando o sucesso de redes sociais voltadas somente para a prática fotográfica. Este artigo visa a discutir como estes ambientes digitais tratam a relação da fotografia com a produção de memória. Para essa discussão, abordaremos o Snapchat, aplicativo móvel cujo objetivo é o compartilhamento imediato de fotos e, posteriormente, seu apagamento. A questão que emerge perante esse novo fenômeno dos dispositivos tecnológicos é entender os novos contornos da memória diante dessa apropriação da fotografia digital do “esquecimento”. Favoreceu-se um estudo ensaístico, buscando vestígios deixados pela materialidade das relações interpessoais nas plataformas digitais – mediadas pelas imagens. Percebeu-se uma sobreposição do papel comunicativo da fotografia sobre o armazenamento de memória, dentre outros achados.
Encontro com a Morte: tirania e liberdade em Agatha Christie
Authors: Chauvin Jean Pierre
Published: April 2022

Alguns elementos permitem distinguir Encontro com a Morte dos demais romances protagonizados por Hercule Poirot. Dentre eles, considerem-se: a composição das personagens; a forte ligação do detetive com os membros da família; as motivações para o crime cometido; a relativa adesão do leitor às razões do assassino; a atmosfera tensa e complexa que envolve as principais figuras do romance; o universo em que transcorrem as ações. Publicada em 1938, a obra constitui um importante estudo de caracteres, dentro da ficção de Agatha Christie, com destaque para a personalidade da senhora Boynton: uma das criaturas mais intrigantes que brotaram da pena da escritora inglesa.
Found Footage: Some Thoughts
Authors: Le Grice Malcolm
Published: April 2022

So, again in retrospect, what did I (intuitively) want or demand from the found film material? Firstly I sought a quality of mystery about an image - what I now talk about as a ‘latency’ – finding some aspect of the sequence that was not seen or intentionally put there by the original cinematographer and that, when re-combined in a different context, opened up new and surprising meanings.
Memória, comunicação e cultura: o diálogo entre o Memorial da Resistência do Estado de São Paulo e o campo escolar
Authors: Baccega Maria Aparecida , Mello Felipe Corrêa de
Published: April 2022

Os memoriais são instituições museológicas voltadas para a coleta, preservação e comunicação de memórias e narrativas históricas. Espaços de articulação entre subjetividade e conhecimento envolvem diversas temáticas, objetos e contextos sociais e históricos. Nesse texto, fazemos alguns apontamentos sobre as características dos memoriais em geral, para, em seguida, destacarmos as instituições memoriais voltadas para o resgate das memórias acerca de episódios e períodos históricos de extrema violência e violação sistemática dos direitos humanos. Nesse contexto, propomos apresentar o trabalho realizado pelo Memorial da Resistência do Estado de São Paulo, bem como fazer alguns apontamentos de como esse estabelece um rico canal de diálogo com o campo escolar, constituindo- -se como uma instituição de interesse tanto para professores quanto alunos.
O impacto da cifose congênita nas habilidades de autocuidado na mielomeningocele de nível torácico
Authors: Cruz Daniel Marinho Cezar da , Martins Mariane Aparecida Almenara Maricato , Navarro Aline Stoeterau , Andreotti Ana Luiza Console , Oliveira Maria Cristina de
Published: April 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivos: comparar o desempenho no autocuidadode crianças com mielomeningocele em relação ao de crianças típicas,identificar o impacto da cifose congênita nesta área e investigar possíveiscorrelações entre as tarefas de autocuidado pesquisadas. Métodos e resultados: A amostra foi composta de 30 crianças com mielomeningoceledivididas em 2 grupos (com e sem cifose congênita) com média de idade54,73 meses. Os dados foram coletados através da versão brasileira doInventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade. Os resultados indicaram déficit funcional em todas as crianças (escore<30) e diferençassignificativas entre os grupos (p<0,01) com pontuações inferiores na presença de cifose nas tarefas de higiene oral, banho, fechos, entre outras. A análise inter-itens indicou que, para esta amostra, há associação entre algumas das tarefas de autocuidado com baixa pontuação. Conclusão: A mielomeningocele repercute em atraso funcional, e este é maior quando acompanhado de cifose congênita. Este tipo de informação é essencial para o planejamento de programas de reabilitação com enfoque para a independência dessas crianças nas atividades da vida diária.
Relação entre cadência da subida e descida de escada, recuperação motora e equilíbrio em indivíduos com hemiparesia
Authors: Amaral-Natalio Mavie , Nunes Guilherme da Silva , Herber Vanessa , Michaelsen Stella Maris
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a cadência de subida e descida de escada, e os graus de recuperação motora de membros inferiores e de equilíbrio dinâmico de indivíduos com hemiparesia. Método: Participaram do estudo 16 indivíduos com hemiparesia devido AVE, sendo 13 homens, com idade média de 56,6±12,6 anos. A cadência de subida e descida de escada foi mensurada através do tempo decorrido (degraus/minuto), separadamente, para subir e descer uma escada de 4 degraus (altura: 17 cm), em velocidade confortável. Resultados: A média da cadência de subida de escada foi 60,4±22,6 degraus/minuto e a de descida de escada foi 58,7±23,6 degraus/minuto. O grau de recuperação motora de membros inferiores foi de 24,8±5,2 pontos na Escala Fugl-Meyer, e a média no TUG foi de 19,8±23,1 segundos. Foi verificada correlação moderada entre a medida de cadência de subida de escada e os graus de recuperação motora (r=0,60, p=0,01) e de equilíbrio dinâmico (r= -0,61, p=0,01). Da mesma forma, a medida de cadência de descida de escada apresentou correlação moderada com o grau de recuperação motora (r=0,58, p=0,02), e com o grau de equilíbrio dinâmico (r= -0,64, p=0,007). Verificou-se que o grau de recuperação motora compartilha 36% de variância com a medida da cadência de subida de escada e 33% com a cadência de descida. Conclusões: A habilidade de subir e descer escada apresenta relação com a recuperação motora de membros inferiores, sendo que o equilíbrio dinâmico apresenta maior associação com a cadência de descida de escada em indivíduos com hemiparesia.
Reabilitação virtual através do videogame: relato de caso no tratamento de um paciente com lesão alta dos nervos mediano e ulnar
Authors: De Grande Alaine Aparecida Benetti , Galvão Fábio Ricardo de Oliveira , Gondim Luiz Carlos Alves
Published: April 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o uso da reabilitação virtual, como recurso terapêutico ocupacional, em um paciente com lesão alta dos nervos mediano e ulnar, bem como descrever e comparar os graus da amplitude de movimento das articulações do membro lesado. Trata- se de uma pesquisa do tipo longitudinal com um paciente de 09 anos de idade, sexo masculino, diagnosticado com lesão nervosa, na Clínica Escola de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Potiguar, no período de maio a setembro de 2010. Nos 13 encontros, foram utilizados televisão, o videogame Nintendo® Wii e quatro jogos e um goniômetro como instrumentos de intervenção e coleta de dados. Na reavaliação, observou-se a movimentação ativa e o aumento da amplitude de movimento em todas as articulações medidas: cotovelo em flexão e extensão; antebraço em pronação e supinação; punho em flexão, extensão, desvio ulnar e desvio radial; polegar em flexão de metacarpofalangiana, flexão interfalangiana, abdução e estágio III de oponência (Kapangji); II, III, IV e V quirodátilos. Os metacarpos apresentaram ganhos em flexão e extensão. Os resultados desse estudo evidenciaram a eficácia do videogame, comprovado através da avaliação goniométrica. O indivíduo estudado voltou a realizar as atividades de vida diária de forma independente e retornou as suas atividades esportivas de forma competitiva.
Avaliação postural: avaliação quantitativa da postura estática de crianças de seis a dez anos de idade
Authors: Souza Tiago Gomes de , Valle Ian Mazzetti Rodrigues , Batista Ingrid Thaiane Soares , Gomes Lara Elena , Carvalho Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva
Published: April 2022

A avaliação da postura corporal estática de crianças permite identificar e prevenir desordens musculoesqueléticas no estágio inicial. Objetivo: Avaliar a postura estática de alunos de uma escola pública, comparando a postura entre as faixas etárias e entre os sexos. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 130 escolares (62 do sexo masculino e 68 do sexo feminino), os quais tinham entre 6 e 10 anos de idade. Cada escolar foi fotografado nas vistas anterior, posterior e lateral direita, e o registro fotográfico foi analisado por meio do Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPo). Resultados: Somente foi encontrada diferença entre os sexos no ângulo do tornozelo, além de interação entre sexo e faixa etária. Em relação à idade, o alinhamento horizontal dos acrômios e o alinhamento horizontal da cabeça foram diferentes entre 6-7 e 9 anos. O alinhamento horizontal da cabeça, o alinhamento horizontal das espinhas ilíacas ântero-superior (EIAS) e o alinhamento sagital do membro inferior também apresentaram interação significativa entre sexo e idade. Conclusão: Em média, a maioria dos resultados demonstra que há um alinhamento vertical e uma simetria horizontal nos ângulos analisados, com exceção do alinhamento sagital do membro inferior, do ângulo do tornozelo e do alinhamento sagital do corpo que não demostraram um alinhamento próximo do ideal. Logo, os escolares avaliados apresentam uma boa saúde musculoesquelética.
Correlação entre risco de quedas, vulnerabilidade e composição corporal de idosos de um centro de atenção integral a saúde do idoso
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Jânio Costa , Carneiro Andréa Santana , Santos Alisson Sousa , Ibiapina Elaine Farias , Simeão Lisiane Fernanda , Dibai Filho Almir Vieira , Dibai Daniela Bassi , Gonçalves Maria Claudia
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Investigar a correlação do risco de queda com a diminuição da mobilidade funcional, vulnerabilidade e a obesidade em idosos. Método: Estudo transversal, foram avaliados idosos ativos de ambos os sexos, idade entre 60-85 anos e excluídos voluntários que não realizaram os testes avaliativos propostos para identificar a mobilidade funcional e o estado nutricional. Foram aplicados os testes Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) que classificou o estado nutricional desnutrição IMC ≤ 22, risco nutricional IMC= 22.1-24.0, peso ideal IMC= 24.1-27.0, sobrepeso IMC 27.1-30 e obesidade com IMC > 30.0, o Timed Up & Go (TUG) para identificar a mobilidade funcional e os riscos funcionais relacionados a quedas em idosos e a classificação adotada para este estudo foi ≥ 10s sendo indicadores de risco de quedas e o Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) que classificou como idoso vulnerável os voluntários com a pontuação > 2 pontos. A análise estatística foi realizada em 95% nível de confiança e p<0,05. Resultados: Participaram 104 idosos, classificados com ausência de risco para quedas (67.3%), não vulneráveis (67.3%) e como obesos (24%). Não foi observada correlação entre obesos com o risco de quedas no tempo em segundos do TUG [ρ= -0.115; p>0.05] e com a classificação do TUG [ρ= -0.152; p>0.05]. Porém, foi observada correlação entre a vulnerabilidade com o risco de quedas no tempo em segundos do TUG [ρ= 0.217; p<0.05]. Conclusão: Não foi observada correlação entre obesidade e risco para quedas. Contudo, verificou-se que quando mais vulnerável maior é o risco para quedas.
Reabilitação pós-COVID-19: demandas dos pacientes e resultado da intervenção por equipe multidisciplinar
Authors: Crema Chiara Maria Tha , Hummelgen Eduardo , Demogalski Luana Cristina Basso , Cardoso Luma , Bauer Claudia , Nickel Renato
Published: April 2022

Apesar de atingirem padrões de alta clínica, pacientes com COVID-19 não retomam as atividades cotidianas devido à incapacidade, sendo o processo de reabilitação de interesse dos serviços de saúde e sociedade. Objetivos: Descrever o nível de funcionalidade do paciente pós-Covid-19 e resultados de um processo de reabilitação multidisciplinar. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, relativo à avaliação das demandas e processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar. Resultados: 22 pacientes participaram do estudo, idade 48,46 anos (±12,63), 50% homens, sendo que 81,8% apresentavam comorbidades e 95,5% sobrepeso ou algum grau de obesidade. Todos apresentaram diminuição na QV (SF36) e não alcançaram a distância média esperada para o teste de 6 minutos, 20 pacientes apresentaram dispnéia para realizar as atividades cotidianas e 21 apresentaram limitação na Escala de Status Funcional Pós-Covide19 (PCSF). O resultado do processo de reabilitação com 20 pacientes, mostrou na comparação antes e depois, diferenças significativas na força muscular (,000) PeakFlow Meter (,000), Berg (,000), Barthel (,001), teste 6 minutos para freqüência cardíaca (,002) e distância percorrida (,000). Na SF-36 para os domínios de Estado Geral da saúde (, 058) e Aspectos Emocionais (0,194) a diferença não foi significativa. Para as variáveis ordinais houve diferença significativa para PCSF (,000) e dispnéia (,000). Conclusão: O estudo aponta que a incapacidade do paciente teve maior correlação na entrada do serviço com o tempo de internação e que um processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar melhora na funcionalidade e QV do paciente com sequelas de Covid-19.
New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Results From the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Registry
Authors: Rosenblatt Anna G. , Ayers Colby R. , Rao Anjali , Howell Stacey J. , Hendren Nicholas S. , Zadikany Ronit H. , Ebinger Joseph E. , Daniels James D. , Link Mark S. , de Lemos James A. , Das Sandeep R.
Published: April 2022

Background:

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 has been reported and associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to understand the incidence of and outcomes associated with new-onset AF in a diverse and representative US cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods:

We used data from the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry. Patients were stratified by the presence versus absence of new-onset AF. The primary and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure). The association of new-onset AF and the primary and secondary outcomes was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazards models for the primary time to event analyses.

Results:

Of the first 30 999 patients from 120 institutions across the United States hospitalized with COVID-19, 27 851 had no history of AF. One thousand five hundred seventeen (5.4%) developed new-onset AF during their index hospitalization. New-onset AF was associated with higher rates of death (45.2% versus 11.9%) and MACE (23.8% versus 6.5%). The unadjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.81–2.18) and for MACE was 2.23 (95% CI, 1.98–2.53) for patients with versus without new-onset AF. After adjusting for demographics, clinical comorbidities, and severity of disease, the associations with death (hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.99–1.23]) fully attenuated and MACE (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14–1.50]) partially attenuated.

Conclusions:

New-onset AF was common (5.4%) among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Almost half of patients with new-onset AF died during their index hospitalization. After multivariable adjustment for comorbidities and disease severity, new-onset AF was not statistically significantly associated with death, suggesting that new-onset AF in these patients may primarily be a marker of other adverse clinical factors rather than an independent driver of mortality. Causality between the MACE composites and AF needs to be further evaluated.
Relationship Between Image Quality and Bias in 3D Echocardiographic Measures: Data From the SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) Study
Authors: Al Saikhan Lamia , Park Chloe , Tillin Therese , Lloyd Guy , Mayet Jamil , Chaturvedi Nish , Hughes Alun D.
Published: April 2022

Background

Image‐quality (IQ) compromises left ventricle assessment by 3‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Sicker/frailer patients often have suboptimal IQ, and therefore observed associations may be biased by IQ. We investigated its effect in an observational study of older people and when IQ was modified experimentally in healthy volunteers.

Methods and Results

3DE feasibility by IQ was assessed in 1294 individuals who attended the second wave of the Southall and Brent Revisited study and was compared with 2‐dimensional (2D)‐echocardiography feasibility in 147 individuals. Upon successful analysis, means of ejection fraction (3D‐EF) and global longitudinal strain (3D‐GLS) (plus 2D‐EF) were compared in individuals with poor versus good IQ. In 2 studies of healthy participants, 3DE‐IQ was impaired by (1) intentionally poor echocardiographic technique, and (2) use of a sheet of ultrasound‐attenuating material (neoprene rubber; 2–4 mm). The feasibility was 41% (529/1294) for 3DE versus 61% (89/147) for 2D‐EF,
P
<0.0001. Among acceptable images (n=529), good IQ by the 2015 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria was 33.6% (178/529) and 71.3% (377/529) for 3D‐EF and 3D‐GLS, respectively. Individuals with poor IQ had lower 3D‐EF and 3D‐GLS (absolute) than those with good IQ (3D‐EF: 52.8±6.0% versus 55.7±5.7%, Mean‐Δ −2.9 [−3.9, 1.8]; 3D‐GLS: 18.6±3.2% versus 19.2±2.9%, Mean‐Δ −0.6 [−1.1, 0.0]). In 2 experimental models of poor IQ (n=36 for both), mean differences were (−2.6 to −3.2) for 3D‐EF and (−1.2 to −2.0) for 3D‐GLS. Similar findings were found for other 3DE left ventricle volumes and strain parameters.

Conclusions

3DE parameters have low feasibility and values are systematically lower in individuals with poor IQ. Although 3D‐EF and 3D‐GLS have potential advantages over conventional echocardiography, further technical improvements are required to improve the utility of 3DE in clinical practice.
Change of Heart: The Underexplored Role of Plaque Hemorrhage in the Evaluation of Stroke of Undetermined Etiology
Authors: Holmes David R. , Alkhouli Mohamad Adnan , Klaas James P. , Brinjikji Waleed , Savastano Luis E. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Benson John C.
Published: April 2022

In the evaluation of embolic strokes of undetermined source, great emphasis is often placed on cardiovascular disease, namely on atrial fibrillation. Other pathophysiologic mechanisms, however, may also be involved. Carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH)—the presence of blood components within an atheromatous plaque—has become increasingly recognized as a possible etiologic mechanism in some cryptogenic strokes. IPH is a marker of plaque instability and is associated with ipsilateral neurologic ischemic events, even in nonstenotic carotid plaques. As recognition of carotid IPH as an etiology of embolic strokes has grown, so too has the complexity with which such patients are evaluated and treated, particularly because overlaps exist in the risk factors for atrial fibrillation and IPH. In this article, we review what is currently known about carotid IPH and how this clinical entity should be approached in the context of the evaluation of embolic strokes of undetermined source.
Two new closely related species of Brongniartia (Fabaceae, Faboideae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero, México
Authors: DORADO ÓSCAR , CRUZ-DURÁN Y. RAMIRO , BUSTAMANTE GARCÍA RUBÍ
Published: April 2022

Two species are described and illustrated of the state of Guerrero, México: Brongniartia alvarezii and B. variabilis (Fabaceae: Faboideae). They are similar to B. funiculata and B. abbottiae but have several distinguishing characteristics. All four species have relatively small flowers and grow in the temperate forest. Brongniartia alvarezii has yellowish white petals, something very rare on the genus, while B. variabilis has pink or pale pink standard and wings.
Pseudobombax furadense (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae), a new species from the Caatingas Domain, Brazil
Authors: GIANASI FERNANDA MOREIRA , SANTOS RUBENS MANOEL DOS
Published: April 2022

A new species of Pseudobombax (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) is described from the Furados, Caatingas Domain, Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar to Pseudobombax simplicifolium but differs by the obovate, elliptic, depressed obovate or orbicular leaflets, the presence of branched trichomes on terminal branches, leaf primordia, petioles, adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaflets, pedicel, bracteoles, and outer surface of the calyx, lepidote ovary, and the subglobose to ovoid, and spotted seeds.
Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species
Authors: PINHEIRO ULISSES DOS S. , HAJDU EDUARDO , CUSTÓDIO MÁRCIO R.
Published: April 2022

A revision of Brazilian Aplysina was conducted based on morphological study of species alive as well as preserved in the collections of Museu Nacional. In total, 190 specimens were studied in the lab. Identification was achieved by analysis of the external morphology, in combination with skeletal architecture and its components. Our analyses revealed marked within individual variation for most species in characters associated to the spongin fibres, suggesting a low diagnostic strength for this set of characters in Aplysina. External morphology, on the other hand, permitted clearcut diagnoses for most species. Fifteen species were identified and are fully described below. Eight of these are new to science. A neotype for A. fulva is proposed here. The amended list of Aplysina species for the Brazilian coast is: A. alcicornis sp.n., A. caissara, A. cauliformis, A. cristagallus sp.n, A. fistularis, A. fulva, A. insularis, A. lacunosa, A. lactuca sp.n., A. lingua sp.n., A. muricyana sp.n., A. orthoreticulata sp.n., A. pergamentacea, A. pseudolacunosa sp.n. and A. solangeae sp.n. A tentative identification key for these species is provided.
A Philosophy of Cover Songs
Authors: Magnus P.D.
Published: April 2022

Cover songs are a familiar feature of contemporary popular music. Musicians describe their own performances as covers, and audiences use the category to organize their listening and appreciation. However, until now philosophers have not had much to say about them. In A Philosophy of Cover Songs, P.D. Magnus demonstrates that philosophy provides a valuable toolbox for thinking about covers; in turn, the philosophy of cover songs illustrates some general points about philosophical method.

Lucidly written, the book is divided into three parts: how to think about covers, appreciating covers, and the metaphysics of covers and songs. Along the way, it explores a range of issues raised by covers, from the question of what precisely constitutes a cover, to the history and taxonomy of the category, the various relationships that hold between songs, performances, and tracks, and the appreciation and evaluation of covers.

This unique and engaging book will be of interest to those working in philosophy of art, philosophy of music, popular music studies, music history, and musicology, as well as to readers with a general interest in popular music, covers, and how we think about them.
Changes in the Length of the Season with Favorable Environmental Conditions for Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic Basin during the Last 40 Years
Authors: Wu Yanjie , Korty Robert L.
Published: April 2022

Analyses of two high-resolution reanalysis products show that high values of hurricane potential intensity (PI) are becoming more frequent and covering a larger area of the Atlantic, which is consistent with the lengthening of the tropical cyclone season previously reported. These changes are especially pronounced during the early months of the storm season (May–July) in subtropical latitudes. The western subtropical Atlantic features increases in mean PI as well as the areal coverage and frequency of high PI throughout the storm season; the length of the season with high PI has grown since 1980. The number of days with low vertical wind shear increases in the tropical North Atlantic during the early and middle months of the storm season, but trends are mixed and generally insignificant elsewhere. A thermodynamic parameter measuring the ratio of midlevel entropy deficits to the strength of surface fluxes that work to eliminate them is sensitive to the choice of the pressure level(s) used to calculate its value in the boundary layer, as well as to subtle differences in temperature and humidity values near the surface in different reanalysis datasets, leading to divergent results in metrics like the ventilation index that depend on its value. Projections from a high-resolution simulation of the remainder of the twenty-first century show that the number of days with high PI is likely to continue increasing in the North Atlantic basin, with trends especially strong in the western subtropical Atlantic during the early and late months of the season.
Thick thermoplastic composite laminate consolidation: Experimental observations and numerical approaches
Authors: Yvan Denis  , Tuan-Linh NGuyen  , Damien Lecointe  , Steven Le Corre  , Arthur Levy
Published: April 2022

Since the benefits of composite materials have been demonstrated, particularly those relevant to the fields of transports and energy, increasingly high industrial expectations are emerging. As the control of the processes is complex, the thickness of the composite materials does not usually exceed a few millimetres. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to highlight new phenomena related to the oven/autoclave consolidation of thicker thermoplastic composites. In the case of such thick composites, the influence of certain phenomena that are usually neglected becomes important and a physical interpretation becomes necessary (the thermal contact resistance between mold and part and the influence of mold geometry). Here, an experimental approach is compared with numerical simulations of heat transfer and crystallization in order to validate the proposed thermokinetics model. Finally, some numerical observations are discussed and analyzed.
Exploring the Impact of Mental Fatigue and Emotional Suppression on the Performance of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise
Authors: Schlichta Clara , Cabral Luana Loss , da Silva Caroline Kemela , Bigliassi Marcelo , Pereira Gleber
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the extent to which mental fatigue and emotional suppression affected exercise endurance. Twelve participants performed cycling endurance tests at 80% of their peak power up to the point of exhaustion. Two experimental conditions (mental fatigue [MF] and emotion suppression conditions [ES]) and a control condition (CO) were administered. Participants responded to psychological measures throughout the exercise trials. Both MF and ES conditions hindered exercise performance relative to the CO, and there was no statistically significant difference between the negative effects of both MF and ES conditions. Of note, however, higher levels of subjective fatigue were reported in MF, prior to commencing the exercise test. High cognitive loads that induce MF and/or engaging in ES may reduce high intensity endurance exercise performance among young adults, but further research with greater numbers of participants is needed to replicate and extend these findings.
THE HIGH REPRESENTATIVE IN BOSNIA‐HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Dijkstra Gerrit S.A. , Raadschelders Jos C.N.
Published: April 2022

How difficult it is to introduce democratic institutional arrangements in a territory that had mainly experience with authoritarian government is illustrated by the case of Bosnia‐Herzegovina (BH). The Dayton Peace Accord of 1995 established the (Office of the) High Representative (OHR) to help the new republic of BH develop into a democracy. After more than 25 years, one cannot but conclude that the creation of democratic institutions has not worked for lack of collaboration between the three most important ethnic groups. At best, BH is a controlled democracy, held together by OHR. The development of this office is analyzed in terms of a neo‐institutional framework. We argue that the republic survives so far on the basis of negative legitimacy (accepting the OHR as the binding institutional arrangement). This also suggests that neither developments in a past long gone nor more recent developments (i.e., ‘strong’ path‐dependency) prohibit a development toward positive legitimacy (i.e., ‘lean’ path‐dependency). The case of BH also illustrates that democracy is hard, if not impossible, to establish when people are internally divided and where (some) domestic and international actors exploit these divisions in the international arena.
Automatic velocity measurement system applied to elevator overspeed governors
Authors: Tomé Marco , Beirão Pedro , Roseiro Luis , Santos Frederico
Published: April 2022

All around the world, modern elevators transport safely and comfortably millions of passengers and freight each day. Since modern elevators emerged at the beginning of the 19th century, several advances have risen in this transportation system. Among them, safety conditions were significantly improved. Therefore, modern elevators must be equipped with safety protection systems to assure safety conditions and avoid accidents. An overspeed governor is one of the components of such a safety system. It acts as a stopping mechanism when the elevator car reaches an excessive velocity, known as tripping speed. When the tripping speed is reached, the overspeed governor is mechanically locked and halts the rope, thus stopping the elevator car. This paper describes the development of a new measuring system able to measure the trigger velocity of an overspeed governor with the help of a graphical interface available on a mobile electronic device (smartphone or tablet).

Practical application: A new overspeed governor velocity measuring system uses a mobile electronic device for non-contact velocity measurement. This new process may replace the inaccurate measuring system currently employed by maintenance technicians, thus increasing its reliability. The main objective consists of rigorously testing the operation of overspeed governors. The developed system guarantees the automatic execution of the test under several anomalous operating situations, thus allowing the user to have real-time access to the test data obtained through a graphical interface available on a mobile electronic device.
Innovation networking in aspirational subnational innovative regions: Exploring experiences from Frances Baard municipality, South Africa
Authors: Jacobs Peter T , Molewa Olebogeng , Hector Ramoroka Kgabo
Published: April 2022

How underdeveloped localities or subnational regions build the capabilities to realise and spread the benefits of innovation is a longstanding puzzle in innovation studies. To address this puzzle, this study explores the prospects of innovation networking among state and non-state actors in Frances Baard District Municipality, South Africa. In-depth analysis of extensive interviews with key informants across local industry sectors reveals insights about the properties of innovation networks, such as composition and structure, as well as options of network adaptation and combining sectoral networks operating in the same locality. Non-formal networking was far more prevalent across well-established and newer industry clusters, which is similar to examples from elsewhere in the Global South. Networks established to coordinate institutional governance without an explicit innovation intent could trigger learning, adaption and serendipitous innovations. Further research could extend our findings through deeper investigations on network adaption and coordination for the promotion of innovation in aspiring subnational regions.
Occupational therapy interventions for adult informal carers and implications for intervention design, delivery and evaluation: A systematic review
Authors: Micklewright Kerry , Farquhar Morag
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Informal carers provide vital support for patients, reducing strain on health and social care services. However, caring can detrimentally affect carers’ health and wellbeing, thus policy advocates for improved carer support. Objective: to establish the published international evidence base regarding interventions for carers delivered by occupational therapists.

Method

English language studies published January 2010–January 2021 were identified against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria via searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, OTSeeker, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Supplemental strategies: database alerts, hand-searching, searching of included papers’ reference lists and citations, and contacting key authors. Two reviewers completed critical appraisal and produced a textual narrative synthesis of data using a convergent integrated method.

Results

38 papers were included, reporting 21 interventions. Most were dyadic, home-based interventions for carers of people living with dementia. Common intervention components included: assessment and goal-setting, skill training, education, coping strategies, equipment provision, environmental adaptation and signposting. Interventions improved outcomes for carers, however, intervention design and evaluation require careful consideration to maximise carer benefits and capture intervention effects.

Conclusion

Occupational therapist delivered carer interventions enhance support and improve carer outcomes. Intervention and evaluation designs should include careful selection of outcome measures, avoidance of increased carer burden in dyadic interventions and acknowledgement of known barriers and facilitators to both carer and therapist intervention engagement.
Development of a Perceptions of Online Learning Scale to Assess Teachers’ Beliefs
Authors: Padgett R. Noah , Jiang Shan , Shero Laura , Kettler Todd
Published: April 2022

During the COVID pandemic, the sudden switch to online learning brought an unintended spotlight to this gradually expanding educational innovation. However, while numerous tools exist to assess student perceptions of or readiness for online learning quantitatively, a research gap exists regarding teachers' perceptions of online learning. To facilitate future research among teachers, the authors describe the development of a new perceptions of online learning scale (POOLS). The POOLS seeks to measure teachers' perceptions of online learning across four theoretical constructs associated with quality education in online and traditional face-to-face formats. The POOLS was constructed using expert review and a sample ( N=654), where an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on split halves of these data. The results of this initial validation study provide the basis for using the POOLS as an approach to measuring four aspects of perceptions of online learning: Effective Learning ([Formula: see text] = 0.77), Student-Centered Learning ([Formula: see text] = 0.67), Interactive Learning ([Formula: see text] = 0.73), and Engaged Learning ([Formula: see text] = 0.66). We recommend that the POOLS be used in research settings to describe the relationship among POOLS factors and other characteristics such as self-efficacy, amount or type of experience with online learning, and personality traits.
Assessment of antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of polymeric bio-composites using natural extract for active food packaging application
Authors: Rahman Lutfor , Goswami Jutika , Goswami Bijoy
Published: April 2022

The incorporation of natural extracts into polymeric films has been a significant advancement as active and eco-friendly food packaging. Chitosan (Ch) based films incorporated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Tectona grandis leaf extract (TGLE) were prepared. The controlled films of Ch/PEG blends showed phase separation, but on the inclusion of TGLE, the films became homogeneous. As the concentration of TGLE was increased to 5% v/v, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of the Ch/PEG/TGLE composite films increased up to 87.52%. The addition of TGLE in the films significantly reduced the water content, solubility, and swelling of the films which are considered as favourable properties of packaging films that help in increasing the shelf life of food products. However, with the addition of the extract, the UV-visible light-blocking property of the films improved, but the mechanical properties of the films decreased marginally. Based on the findings of the current study, the prepared bio-composite films may be proposed as an ideal material for active food packaging.
Analysis of a thrust magnetic bearing with rectangular wire winding
Authors: Xu Shilei , Sun Jinji , Ren Hongliang
Published: April 2022

Active magnetic bearings generally use the coils made of enameled round wires, which have a low filling factor and waste plenty of slot space, resulting in large volume and weight of the machine. This paper introduces the rectangular wires to apply in magnetic bearings. The rectangular wires can be wound compactly without gaps and increase the wire filling factor, thereby reducing the size of the magnetic bearing stators, as well as the associated rotor part. These structural improvements are greatly beneficial to the high-speed rotating machinery in the aspects of windage losses, natural frequency, and material strength of the rotor, which are quantitatively analyzed. By utilizing the rectangular wire, a coil for a thrust magnetic bearing prototype is fabricated and tested, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the rectangular wires to apply in magnetic bearings.
A finite element modelling approach for the numerical analysis of switch rail contact loading and cyclic profile degradation
Authors: Velic Dino , Krobath Martin , Stocker Erik , Ossberger Uwe , Gsodam Johann , Daves Werner
Published: April 2022

A dynamic 3D finite element model for the calculation of profile degradation in the switch panel is presented. The model includes the contact between wheel and rail, as well as the contact between switch rail and stock rail to allow an elastic relative movement between the two rails. Break-outs of the switch rail tip can be facilitated by this relative movement and the stresses and strains at this interface are calculated. The profile degradation of the switch rail due to contact loading between wheel flange and switch rail is numerically simulated considering the cyclic plastic deformation of the rail material. The sliding wear is evaluated separately and superimposed to the geometrical change caused by the plastic deformation.
Young peoples’ lived experiences of multidisciplinary mental health assessment in an intensive day program
Authors: Aitchison Kate A , McFerran Katrina S
Published: April 2022

Objective

We aimed to explore young peoples’ lived experiences of multidisciplinary mental health assessment in an intensive mental health day program.

Method

Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was applied to data from semi-structured interviews with six males, aged 13–16 years. Member-checking interviews were conducted to ensure the trustworthiness of findings.

Results

Analysis revealed three themes, ‘therapy fatigue’, ‘360 supports’ and ‘experiential assessment’. Participants had either attended many years of psychological therapy without significant change or had failed to engage with therapy. Participants’ attitudes changed at the day program with intensive support and their own determination. Participants valued experiential elements of assessment such as music therapy and art therapy which helped them understand the service, get to know others and experience positive emotions.

Conclusions

Unsuccessful psychological treatment can leave young people feeling jaded and reluctant to engage with services. The potential for iatrogenic harm should be monitored and alternative approaches, such as intensive, multidisciplinary treatment including music therapy and art therapy considered to help young people overcome therapy fatigue, regain hope and reengage with mental health services.
Proximal Processes and Problem Solving: Gamers vs. Students
Authors: Jacques Lorraine A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Problem-solving and collaboration occur frequently in serious games. They are also considered necessary skills for students to learn, so many engineering and computer science programs design assignments with them in mind. Understanding the similarities and differences between each scenario would strengthen problem-solving interventions aimed at students.

Aim

This qualitative study examined how engineering and computer science undergraduates (students) and players of Magic: The Gathering (gamers) identified a problem as being complex, used the inquiry cycle for problem-solving, and engaged in proximal processes.

Method

Undergraduates in engineering or computer science and players of Magic: The Gathering’s Elder Dragon Highlander format completed an online questionnaire where they described how they solved a complex problem and how they engaged with others (or why they chose not to engage with others) during each part of the process. Responses were grouped by role (gamer or student) and by gender then coded to identify where each was alike and where they differed.

Results

Gamers and students engaged in the problem-solving process differently, with gamers using more of the inquiry cycle than students did. Proximal processes, however, were used differently based on both group and gender, with female gamers engaging in them most often and female engineers least often.
Palliative Sedation at Home: A Scoping Review
Authors: Garcia Ana Cláudia M. , Isidoro Geovanna M. , Paiva Eliza Mara D. C. , Silva Alexandre E. , Costa Isabelle C. P. , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar
Published: April 2022

Palliative Sedation (PS) is an effective measure for the relief of refractory symptoms in end-of-life patients. This intervention can be performed at home, respecting the patients' and their families' decisions. A scoping review was performed to map the available evidence in the literature on the performance of PS at home. This review included 23 studies. Most were conducted in European countries with adult cancer patients. Patients, family members and healthcare providers participated in the decision making regarding the use of PS at home. PS was used primarily to manage refractory symptoms (pain, delirium, dyspnea, and others), and in 1 of the studies PS was mentioned as a possible intervention for shortening life. The most commonly used medication was midazolam and the average duration ranged from 4 h to 7 days. There are few reports on adverse events related to PS. This intervention seems to be a feasible possibility for the management of refractory symptoms in patients at the end of life, despite the fact that it can represent specific challenges for healthcare providers, patients and families. However, the literature is limited regarding PS in children and in people with diseases other than cancer, as well as on the evaluation of possible adverse effects related to this intervention. Furthermore, it is essential to have a broad ethical, clinical and legal debate on whether to consider the use of PS for the purpose of shortening life in specific cases.
At the origin of network centrality: How to design jobs to make employees central
Authors: Bizzi Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

Network centrality is vital for employees to attain superior performance or desired outcomes and yet we still know little of what makes employees develop central positions. A major challenge is that employees feel discomfort forming networks for opportunistic purposes that benefit them directly. This challenge can be overcome once we focus on the requirements raised by jobs. This paper posits that employees will be motivated to form networks in order to acquire the information capacity needed to satisfy the information requirements raised by the characteristics of their jobs. The study explores how the five enriching job characteristics influence the central position an employee occupies in the organizational network. Interestingly, not all job characteristics benefit networks. Evidence shows that task autonomy, task variety and task significance exercise a positive effect on network centrality but task identity and feedback from the job exercise a negative effect. Network centrality then mediates the relationship between job characteristics and performance. While dispositional determinants explain only between 3% and 5% of variance in network centrality, the model presented explains up to 32% of variance, thereby offering a solid answer to the core question of what determines network centrality.