bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración estadística - financiera para medio plazo del sector bancario en países con economías emergentes. El caso de Colombia
Authors: Boada Antonio José , Mayorca Rómulo
Published: February 2021

Con el presente artículo se pretende exponer un proceso para la valoración de acciones de las empresas del sector bancario mediante múltiplos financieros empresariales, sustentado en variadas técnicas estadísticas tales como simulaciones de Montecarlo y modelos bayesianos de valoración continua de los indicadores relativos en el tiempo, con el fin de hacer proyecciones de escenarios lo más acertado posible en el mediano plazo. En cuanto a la metodología, el enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, el tipo de estudio descriptivo-correlacional, y el diseño de la investigación fue no experimental. En virtud de que para llevar a cabo la valoración del desempeño y evolución de los múltiplos financieros en el tiempo, se deben considerar empresas similares, se decidió realizar previamente un análisis de cluster, para verificar posibles agrupaciones entre las entidades bancarias de acuerdo con las variables.
The development of Hemodialysis Units in the Army Hospital
Authors: Rudy Dwi Laksono  , Titih Huriah  , Arlina Dewi
Published: February 2021

Patients with renal disease require special care.This study aims to develop a hemodialysis unit in the Army Hospital that require the act of washing the blood as a form to improve health services for patients with kidney failure. In this study, the majority of patients covered by the National Health insurance. Research methods namely method a case study with quantitative descriptive analysis.The results of this study show that the development of the hemodialysis unit will give a positive impact for the patient and for the hospital. The review will be the addition of hemodialysis machines, the addition of a new building, the addition of shift nurse can be seen that all these options will be profitable in the foreseeable future. This of course can make the best judgment for the Hospital in determining a decision for the sake of improving health care for the patient.
Strategy to Increase Sugar Production at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XIV Takalar Sugar Factory
Authors: A.	Irga Satrawati Taslim
Published: February 2021

This study aims to formulate priority strategies to increase the production of sugar is right for PTPN XIV PG. Takalar. This research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires and in-depth interviews to informants. Then the data were analyzed by using Analysis Hierarchy Process. The results of this study indicate factors that affect the strategy of enhacement production of sugar in PTPN XIV PG. Takalar is the potential for a broad area of planting sugar cane, machine factories were already old, the increase in demand for sugar, and the disputed land. The priority order of the strategy is the first to utilize the land potential and factory capacity as well as the development of plant cultivation technology to improve the quality and yield of sugar with a weight of AHP value (0.150). On Priority two is optimalisasi utilization of land and the capacity of the plant by weighting the value of AHP (0.112). On Priority three is maximizing spacious land with the utilization of the development of technology of cultivation of plants with value weights AHP (0.098). On Priority, fourth is coordination between the authorities and the factory with value weights AHP (0.095). On Priority Fifth is utilization infrastructure marketing with value weights AHP (0.089). At priority, sixth is to strive to repair or renewal the machine factory with value weights AHP (0.051).
Evaluating the Impact of Occupational Stress on Female Nurses Performance in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi
Authors:   University of Karachi, Ali Zulfiqar
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of factors of occupational stress on the performance of NICVD nurses.In this concern, the research design of the study was quantitative, therefore, a close-ended survey-questionnaire was used. The factors included long-duty hours, perfectionism, high stakes, lack of choice, emotions draining situation and little support from the management while the dependent variable was employee performance. The researcher accumulated data from 287 female nurses and analysed it using correlation and regression.Based on the accumulated data, it was inferred that the variables, including long-hours duty, little support from management and lack of choice were found to be highly significant in affecting the performance of female nurses working at NICVD. However, the study was limited to the geographical bounds of Karachi and the specific institute considered in this aspect was the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Nonetheless, it is significant as there was no research conducted on NICVD, Karachi specifically prior to this research underpinning occupational stress in female nurses.
On Equal Ground: Promising Practices for Realizing Women’s Rights in Collectively Held Lands
Authors: Salcedo-La Viña Celine , Giovarelli Renée
Published: February 2021

Sustainable land governance requires that all members of a community, both women and men, have equal rights and say in decisions that affect their collectively-held lands. Unfortunately, women around the world have less land ownership and weaker land rights than men – but this can change, and this report shows ways how that can be done. The reports serves as a valuable guide to realizing more gender-equitable collective land tenure systems by detailing case studies from five communities around the world showing promising approaches to securing equal tenure rights for women and the conditions that enabled these communities to do so. When women have rights and a seat at the table, outcomes such as increased livelihoods and income, improved forest cover, restored land, improved biodiversity are more likely.
Liquidity crisis, criminal sanctions and non-payment of VAT according to the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Del Sole Antonio
Published: February 2021

The continuing cash-flow crise of taxpayers, and in particular of businesses, recently exacerbated by the effects of Covid-19, raises the question whether it is acceptable in law today that the fulfilment of a debt, even if that debt is of a fiscal nature, to be subject to criminal sanctions. In the light of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 2 May 2018 in Case C-574/15, this article is fundamentally concerned with the legitimacy of the use of criminal law to sanction taxpayers who find themselves unable to fulfil their tax obligations, although they were timely and truthfully declared to the tax authorities.
PROBLEMS OF STUDYING MODERN CHINESE TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Sultanova Lola
Published: February 2021

The study of terminology has become one of the most relevant areasof modern linguistic research for Chinese and other foreign linguists. The articlediscusses the importance and role of this research in modern linguistics. Research inthis area aims to systematize the theoretical rules of modern world terminologyadopted by most leading experts, and serve as a solid basis for further research aimedat developing and clarifying existing theory, developmental patterns of modernChinese lexicon, and interrelationships.
FOSSILIZATION AS AN INEVITABLE PROBLEM AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Authors: Tulanova Ominabonu
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, learning a foreign language became a popular phenomenon. The current article is dedicated to the problem of fossilization which is considered to be one of the problems in acquisition a new language. In this article the author tried to give definition of fossilization, and solutions to the problem.
An Empirical Research of Critical Incident of Earthquake Disaster Basedon Credible Association Data Mining
Authors: Suyudi Mochamad , Sukono Sukono
Published: February 2021

Earthquake disasters usually cause panic in the community affected areas, so it is necessary to be analyzed to deal with earthquake events in the future. This paper analyzes data from 9 major earthquakes in Indonesia over the past 4 years and determines 14 critical events. The analysis is based on credible association rules (CAR), data mining, and the maximum clique algorithm. To verify the accuracy of the association relationship and CAR effectiveness, it is performed using a maximum clique algorithm. Based on the results of data mining, that earthquakes have a credible association relationship and have a probability of critical events in various regions in Indonesia. Thus, these results can be used for prediction, early warning, and logistic distribution planning.
PENGARUH ROA, TINGKAT INFLASI DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Yona Sari Selvi , Sri wahyuni Nengsi Neni , Permata Sari Desi , Tunaswara Anisa
Published: February 2021

His study aims to analyze the effect of Return On Assets, Inflation Rate and Rupiah Exchange Rate on the share price of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on the results of the research processed for the variables Return on Assets, Inflation Rate and Rupiah Exchange Rate on Stock Prices shows the simultaneous and significant influence. This is shown in the results of hypothesis testing with F count. 36.99996> F table 3.06. With a significance of 0.000000 <0.05. The Return On Assets variable is partially negative and insignificant on the Stock Price. This is shown in the results of hypothesis testing with the number t count <t table that is 0.577606 <1.65566 with a significance value of 0.5647> 0.05. Variable Inflation Levels on Stock Prices show a positive and significant influence. This is shown in the results of hypothesis testing with a calculated number of 14.42283> t table 1.65566 with a significance value of 0.0000 <0.05. While the Rupiah Exchange Rate partially has a negative but significant effect on the Stock Price. This is shown in the results of hypothesis testing with the number t -12.45095 <t table 1.65566 with a significance value of 0.0000 <0.05.
ASESMEN TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE AUTOCAD PADA MATA KULIAH MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK
Authors: Vitri Gusni , Sularno Sularno
Published: February 2021

Teknik Sipil merupakan salah satu ilmu terapan, mencakup teknologi merancang, membangun, dan memelihara serta memperbaiki bangunan. Mahasiswa di tuntut untuk memahami materi pembelajaran secara teori dan praktek. Salah satu mata kuliah yang harus di kuasai oleh mahasiswa adalah menggambar teknik. Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Dharma Andalas menerapkan mata kuliah menggambar teknik dengan sesi tatap muka kuliah, tugas menggambar secara manual, serta praktikum di laboratorium komputer dengan mengajarkan program AutoCAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data secara kuisioner. Mahasiswa yang mengisi kuisioner adalah mahasiswa aktif yang sudah mengambil mata kuliah menggambar teknik yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) angkatan. Mahasiswa yang mengisi kuisioner sebanyak 76%, dan keseluruhan mahasiswa menyelesaikan praktikum dan tugas menggambar teknik serta seluruhnya setuju bahwa kemampuan dalam ilmu menggambar teknik harus dikuasai oleh lulusan teknik sipil. Mahasiswa yang mempunyai Komputer/Laptop pribadi untuk belajar program sebanyak 93%. Tingkat penguasaan kemampuan dasar-dasar program AutoCAD sudah di pahami lebih dari 50% mahasiswa dimana  mahasiswa Sangat paham 18,91%, Paham 44,70%. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan modifikasi gambar, Sangat paham 10,25%, Paham 51,75%. Seluruh mahasiswa mampu menyelesaikan tugas menggambar teknik dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa pada umumnya sudah menguasai program AutoCAD (jumlahnya di atas 50%), namun butuh beberapa penyesuaian metode pembelajaran.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI M-LEARNING UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN EBUSINESS BAGI MAHASISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT MOBILE BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Andrianof Harkamsyah
Published: February 2021

In supporting the success and smoothness the process of learning, the thing that must be considered is learning resources. With the fast development of technology at the moment, the learning resources are not limited to conventional media such as text books. The content that comes from books currently has been transformed into digital form with more effective and efficient learning models, such as Mobile learning. In this case, the author is motivated to develop a software that functions as a learning medium by utilizing the benefits of a mobile smartphone based on the Android operating system. This software can be a learning media that make it easy to learn e-business science with priority material about e-business infrastructure. This application has the aim to assist teachers in delivering material outside of lecture hours, making it easier for students to learn through smartphones that can increase student interest in learning.
Potential Areas for Investment in Morocco.
An Analysis using Inputs-Outputs Model
Authors: Karim Mohamed , Ktit Jalal , Soussi Noufail Outmane , Sobhi Khalid
Published: February 2021

During the 1990s Morocco implemented a series of major institutional and economic reforms that made the country politically stable and helped it to withstand the destabilizing effects of the Arab Spring. Political reforms resulted in the adoption of a new constitution in 2011, was followed by initiatives to improve justice, public administration, the fight against corruption, and to strengthen governance, transparency and ethics in public life. The country also embarked on a regionalization of public policies and decentralization of administration to ensure an integrated and durable regional development. This reform momentum was further emphasized by the King of Morocco when in his 2019 throne speech he stressed that "… the stake is thus to rebuild a strong and competitive economy, by encouraging the private initiative, while launching new productive investment plans and by creating new job opportunities…".

Keywords: Moroccan economy, Investment in Morocco, Political reforms.
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia or Something Else?
Authors: Gazula Suhasini , Thakur Nagarjuna , Kumar Narender , G Prashanth , Mohammed Shoukatulla
Published: February 2021

Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) mimicking diaphragmatic hernia on X-ray is hitherto unreported and this case has been presented with the aim to alert the clinician about this unusual presentation of SCE to avert undue panic and initiate appropriate evaluation and management. This case also reemphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical examination, which probably could have revealed the subcutaneous emphysema earlier.
МАМЛАКАТИМИЗДА ДЕПУТАТЛАР БИРЛАШМАСИ СИФАТИДА ПАРТИЯ ФРАКЦИЯЛАРИ ФАОЛИЯТИНИ ЯНАДА ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
ВОПРОСЫ ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕГО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПАРТИЙНЫХ ФРАКЦИЙ КАК СОЮЗА ДЕПУТАТОВ В НАШЕЙ СТРАНЕ
QUESTIONS OF FURTHER IMPROVING THE ACTIVITIES OF PARTY FACTIONS AS A UNION OF DEPUTIES IN OUR COUNTRY
Authors: Зульфикаров Шерзод
Published: February 2021

Аннотация: мазкур мақолада сиёсий партиялар фракциялари, уларни шакллантириш тартиби, илмий – назарий қарашлар, фракциялар фаолиятининг ҳуқуқий асослари, парламентдаги мухолифат фракциялар, уларнинг парламент назоратини амалга оширишдаги функцияларини кенгайтириш, хорижий мамлакатлар тажрибалари, ҳукуматни шакллантиришда фракцияларнинг иштирокини кучайтириш, қонунлар ижроси назоратини амалга оширишдаги ролини оширишга доир таклиф ва тавсиялар ёритиб берилган.

Калит сўзлар: сиёсий партиялар, сиёсий партия фракциялари, депутатлар, қонун лойиҳалари, депутатлар бирлашмалари, парламентдаги мухолифат, демократик кучлар блоки, парламентдаги кўпчилик.

Аннотация: В этой статье фракции политических партий, порядок их формирования, научные и теоретические взгляды, правовые основы деятельности фракций, оппозиционных фракций в парламенте и их функции при осуществлении парламентского контроля, опыт зарубежных стран, предложения и рекомендации по усилению участия фракций в формировании правительства, повышение их роли в реализации законодательства

Ключевые слова: политические партии, фракции политических партий, депутаты, законопроекты, депутатские коалиции, оппозиция в парламенте, блок демократических сил, парламентское большинство.

Annotation: In this article, factions of political parties, the order of their formation, scientific and theoretical views, the legal foundations of the activities of factions, opposition factions in parliament and their functions in the exercise of parliamentary control, experience of foreign countries, suggestions and recommendations on strengthening the participation of factions in the formation of the government, increasing their role in the implementation of legislation.

Keywords: political parties, factions of political parties, deputies, bills, parliamentary coalitions, opposition in parliament, democratic forces bloc, parliamentary majority.
СУД НАЗОРАТИ ВА СУД ҲОКИМИЯТИНИНГ МУСТАҚИЛЛИГИ
СУДЕБНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ И НЕЗАВИСИМОСТЬ СУДЕБНОЙ ВЛАСТИ
JUDICIAL REVIEW AND INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY
Authors: Жавлиев Нурали
Published: February 2021

Аннотация: ушбу мақолада суд назорати ва суд ҳокимияти мустақиллиги ўзаро боғлиқликда таҳлил қилишга ҳаракат қилинган. Бунда суд ҳокимияти мустақиллигининг тушунчаси ва мазмун-моҳияти, судьяларнинг индивидуал ва суд ҳокимиятининг институционал мустақиллиги масалалари ўрганилган.

Калит сўзлар: суд ҳокимияти, суд назорати, суд мустақиллиги, судьяларнинг индивидуал мустақиллиги, суд ҳокимиятининг институционал мустақиллиги.

Аннотация: в данной статье сделана попытка проанализировать такие взаимосвязанные категории как судебный контроль и независимость судебной власти. Изучены такие вопросы как определение и сущность понятия независимости судебной власти, индивидуальная независимость судьей, институциональная независимость судебной власти.

Ключевые слова: судебная власть, судебный контроль, судебная независимость, индивидуальная независимость судьей, институциональная независимость судебной власти.

Abstract: The article analyses such interrelated categories as the judicial review and the independence of the judiciary. The article examines such issues as the meaning of judicial independence, individual and institutional independence of judiciary.

Key words: judicial power, judicial review, judicial independence, individual and institutional independence of judiciary.

Annotation: In this article, factions of political parties, the order of their formation, scientific and theoretical views, the legal foundations of the activities of factions, opposition factions in parliament and their functions in the exercise of parliamentary control, experience of foreign countries, suggestions and recommendations on strengthening the participation of factions in the formation of the government, increasing their role in the implementation of legislation.

Keywords: political parties, factions of political parties, deputies, bills, parliamentary coalitions, opposition in parliament, democratic forces bloc, parliamentary majority.
Methods of evaluation and forecasting of levels of electromagnetic radiation in urban environments (in Ukrainian)
Authors: Bakhtiiarov Denys
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This article is devoted to the decision of the actual scientific and applied problem which consists in the development of a method of definition of levels of the basic and secondary electromagnetic radiations in the urban environments at the expense of perfection of models of their distribution. The necessity in the increased efficiency of use of devices of monitoring of an electromagnetic situation on the basis of the analysis of features of distribution of electromagnetic radiations in the urban environment and lacks of the existing mathematical device for their description is proved. The nature of the interference and the distance in real operating conditions and the corresponding graphical and mathematical dependences were obtained, which formed the basis of the method of improving the models of electromagnetic radiation propagation. Scientific methods of synthesis of the detailed structural scheme of processes of detection and localization of uncontrolled and unlicensed devices of information transmission on radio channels, including development Bakhtiiarov, D.I., Lavrynenko, O.Y., Lishchynovska, N.O., Komarnytskyi, O.O. (2020). Methods of evaluation and forecasting of levels of electromagnetic radiation in urban environments (in Ukrainian). Actual issues of modern science. No. 1. Vol. 2, add. Collection of Scientific Articles, 06-2 (06), __- __. European Scientific e-Journal. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ. ESEJ: inn2020-12-001 DOI: 10.47451/inn2020-12-001 Бахтіяров, Д.I., Лавриненко, O.Ю., Ліщиновська, Н.O., Комарницький, O.O. (2020). Методи оцінювання та прогнозування рівнів електромагнітних випромінювань в урбанізованих середовищах. Actual issues of modern science. No. 1. Vol. 2, add. Collection of Scientific Articles, 06-2 (06), __-__. European Scientific e-Journal. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ. 2 of the software for definition of a zone of electromagnetic accessibility indoors are substantiated. An original approach, algorithm of functioning and methods of synthesis of search means in the conditions of radio interference and detection of sources of electromagnetic radiation are developed. Key words: secondary electromagnetic radiation; electromagnetic reach; radio wave propagation; Hut model; COST 231 MWM; monitoring of the electromagnetic environment, attenuation factor
Community Development to Empower Intellectually Disabled Community Beyond The Program "Karangpatihan Bangkit"
Authors: Rosilawati Yeni , Amalia Dinar Ayu
Published: February 2021

People with intellectual disabilities in Indonesia are a group that needs targeted support in their lives. Everyone has the right to a decent life which is adaptive to his or her health and well-being. Karangpatihan is a village called Kampung Idiot (Idiot Village) because 86 of its people suffer from various levels of intellectual disabilities. A community development program in the form of a self-help group (SHG) named Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit aimed to improve the social and economic capabilities of people with intellectual disabilities in Karangpatihan Village, Ponorogo, Indonesia.  The researcher applied a qualitative method of research in the form of a case study. Data collection techniques used in this study were in the form of an in-depth interview with the Head of the Karangpatihan Village, managers of the Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit as well as the people with intellectual disabilities involved in the program. Secondary data were obtained through the  official SHG Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit reports and mass media news clippings. The results showed that: (1) the community development program was successfully implemented by mentoring people with intellectual disabilities through various training activities such as crafts, catfish cultivation, animal husbandry as well as batik making; (2) the success of the program was supported by the active role of facilitators and the participation of local communities. The program was able to improve the lives and skill repertoire of the intellectually disabled. Therefore, they are able to be independent and creative while having a job and an income.
PEMBERDAYAAN TENAGA ADMINISTRASI SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PELAKSANAAN TUPOKSI
Authors: Salim Ahmad , Rochaendi Endi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the process of empowering school administrative personnel which includes awareness, capacity building and empowerment. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and study of the documentation. The data analysis model used an interactive analysis model from Miles Huberman. The results show that the empowerment of school administrative personnel which included awareness, capacity and empowerment stages have been implemented quite successfully so that school administrative staff had various competencies (personality, social, technical and managerial). In the awareness stage, it is carried out to provide encouragement, motivation and communication to school administration staff to increase their adaptability to their main tasks and functions. At the capacitating stage, education and training are carried out in the form of upgrading, education and training, technical guidance and workshops. Meanwhile, at the empowerment stage, apperception and self-potential development activities are carried out. In this empowerment, there is also support from school leaders with full dedication and motivation to empower school administrative personnel. However, there is still a need for reasonably fundamental improvements in empowerment with respect to various constraints and conditions that are expected in the next empowerment process. For this purpose, it is necessary to review (remodify) empowerment programs, so that they are validative, varied, dynamic, evaluative, interesting and weighty, including the consideration of the needs of school administrative personnel.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEAGAMAAN MELALUI MEDIA EDUKATIF
Authors: Rosalina Septia , Makniyah Jauharotul
Published: February 2021

One of the efforts made by parents diverting children from gadget is to embrace Smart Hafiz as one of the current educational toys and trends supplying positive values to children. Young mothers who have a lifestyle with an updated atmosphere educates their children with sophisticated technology. A very fantastic price is not a problem for parents. The large number of Islamic content offered makes Smart Hafiz able to internalize religious values in children. In addition, Smart Hafiz is also a toy tool that can make children happy. Based on the research context, the focus of the research is to investigate and describe the internalization of religious values in early childhood through Smart Hafiz media, what supporting and inhibiting factors are in internalizing religious values in early childhood through Smart Hafiz media in Karduluk village. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. The data collection methods or techniques used are interview, observation, and documentation methods. From this method, the researchers then processed and analyzed to obtain data or information. The informants used are young mothers who owned Smart Hafiz in Karduluk village who put their children into pre-primary education . They know firsthand the scope that this research will undertake. They are considerately aware of various accurate information regarding the problems that occurred in the village of Karduluk. Internalization of religious values in early childhood through the Smart Hafiz media in Karduluk village is carried out by several methods including association / mentoring, habituation, advice, exemplary, and attention / supervision. The supporting and inhibiting factors in internalizing religious values in early childhood through Smart Hafiz media are influenced by several factors, namely Smart Hafiz media, family and the environment.
Wound patterns in survivors of modern firearm related civilian Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Knickerbocker, MS Chase , Gomez, DO Mario F. , Lozada, MD Jose , Zadeh, MD Jonathan , Costantini, MD Eugene , Puente, MD Ivan
Published: February 2021

Background: Civilian mass shooting events (CMSE) are occurring with increased frequency. Unfortunately, our knowledge of how to respond to these events is largely based on military experience and medical examiner data. While this translational knowledge has improved our basic response to such events, it is critical that we have a better understanding of the wound patterns observed and the resources utilized in civilian mass shootings. This will allow us to better prepare our systems for future events.Methods: Patients from two consecutive CMSEs presented to the same level 1 trauma center in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The patients received by this center were studied for their wound patterns as well as the care they received while in the hospital. This included wound patterns and severity, subspecialty interventions, and hospitalization requirements.Results: Both events produced a total of 19 victims who were brought to the center as trauma activations. The events had a combined fatality rate of 55 percent. Fifty-five percent of patients also had at least one wound to an extremity, two with major vascular injuries who had field tourniquets applied. Sixty-three percent required an orthopedic intervention and 32 percent required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, half of these with prolonged ventilator support.Conclusions: Given the number of extremity wounds in these events, we should continue the efforts championed by the stop the bleed campaign. The variety and quantity of specialties involved in the care of these patients also highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to preparation and implementation of care in mass shooting events.
Late Roman Spain
Authors: Brassous Laurent
Published: February 2021

This chapter offers a summarized overview of late Roman Spain, especially
during the fourth century ad. The break between Roman Spain and the
world of the barbarian kingdoms was not as sudden and brutal as scholars
have traditionally imagined. Roman Hispania dissolved gradually, in a
process that seems to have been spread over several decades. The new
barbarian kingdom adopted numerous features of the Roman provincial
organization and civilization. In order to give this summarized and updated
picture, this chapter will discuss various elements, paying particular
attention to the historiographical background and current scholarship
debates and issues of each. The chapter will finally attempt to give a
general point of view on the current interpretation of the economics and
society of late Roman Spain.
King Wamba’s Campaign against dux Paulus (673)
Authors: Steinbach Sebastian
Published: February 2021

Following the death of Isidore of Seville (636), Julian of Toledo’s Historia
Wambae regis is the only contemporary narrative source for the history
of the late Visigothic kingdom. It mainly focuses on the rebellion of the
dux Paulus within the province of the Narbonensis. Apart from that, it is
the only detailed description of the election and unction of a Visigothic
king, as well as that of an extensive military campaign during the seventh
century. This chapter analyses the narration of military power and the
implementation of warlike undertakings in this barbaric reign. It reveals
the interconnection between the divine legitimation of royal power and
military success in Julian’s Historia, and examines the archaeological
evidence of the equipment and arming of Visigothic warriors, as well as
reference to a Visigothic fleet.
Who are the Visigoths?
Authors: Koch Manuel
Published: February 2021

Although the Visigoths were an ethnic group within the kingdom of Toledo,
the traditional view on Visigothic identity in sixth-century Spain has been
challenged by abundant research concerning ethnicity in the transformation
of the Roman world. The use of the term Gothus in sources of the kingdom
of Toledo clearly manifest the presence of Visigoths and an awareness of a
Visigothic identity. Careful examination of the records, however, suggests
that the ethnic label Gothus differs from its established understanding.
This chapter represents a case study of a particular source offering an
exceptional insight into the social and political environment of the city.
The Liber Iudiciorum
Authors: Kelly Michael J.
Published: February 2021

A comparative commentary on how the Liber Iudiciorum (or, Lex Visigothorum),
promulgated in ad 653 by the Visigothic King Recceswinth (ad
649/653–672), and the version of the Liber Iudiciorum produced by the
Visigothic King Erwig (ad 680–687) functioned in their respective contexts
and in relation to one another.
Epigraphic Habit and Power in Visigothic Hispania
Authors: de Santiago Fernández Javier
Published: February 2021

Epigraphic production is a means of representing power. The most
powerful classes of Visigothic society used epigraphs as a tool to disseminate
their ideas. The church used epigraphs as a means to make
known its liturgy, doctrine, buildings, and hierarchies. In addition, the
civil hierarchy (monarchy and nobility) used them to demonstrate their
privileged social position. Epigraphs employed technical communicative
strategies to transform them into an effective means to disseminate
ideas.
Ancient Classics and Catholic Tradition through Time and Space
Authors: Mülke Markus
Published: February 2021

Martin, Bishop of Braga, is of importance not only in the reign of the
Suebi. He also influenced the Visigothic reign years before its Arian
King Liuvigild completed his military submission of Galicia. Martin’s
activities beginning from the middle of the sixth century, during the
conflict between Arians and the Catholic Hispano-Roman church on the
Iberian Peninsula, promoted once again the classical tradition, as well as
the theological traditions of Christian doctrines from late antiquity. He
supported his initiatives through a wide-ranging, ‘international’ network
with Gallia, Italy/Rome, and the Greek East/Constantinople.
The Franco-Siamese War and the Russo-Japanese War
Authors: Malitz David M.
Published: February 2021

The adoption of the ambiguous yet politically powerful idea of ‘race’ in Siam
during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was shaped in a
contradictory manner by two colonial wars. In the aftermath of the Franco-
Siamese War of 1893 the idea of a Thai ‘race’ was promoted to differentiate
the populations under Siamese and French rule. After the Russo-Japanese
War and increasing criticism from an emergent Siamese middle class, the
kingdom’s ruling class embraced Orientalist stereotypes to argue against the
suitability of constitutional governance for the Siamese due to their being
‘Asians’. In consequence, before the Siamese Revolution of 1932, the elite of
the absolute monarchy argued simultaneously that the Siamese were racially
different from their neighbours but fundamentally alike to all ‘Orientals’.
Préface
Authors: Yvon Frédéric
Published: February 2021

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Utilisation et appropriation des technologies informatiques pour l’apprentissage : cas des technicien-nes du secteur économique informel de la vente et de la réparation des appareils informatiques en Haïti
Authors: Payen Jean Baptiste Valérie , Nova Nicolas , Schneider Daniel K.
Published: February 2021

Cet article contribue à la réflexion sur l’acquisition de connaissances et de compétences en milieu informel via l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Il présente les résultats d’une étude ethnographique portant sur les processus d’apprentissage des professionnel-les de la vente et de la réparation des téléphones mobiles en Haïti pour acquérir les connaissances et compétences nécessaires à l’exercice de leur métier. Ces processus correspondent à deux catégories : (1) les démarches d’apprentissages basées sur les manipulations pour comprendre et faire fonctionner les appareils, et (2) celles qui incluent les processus d’appropriation et de réutilisation des appareils. Le milieu et les outils agissant comme médium dans l’apprentissage et le développement des compétences. Les pratiques observées soulignent que l’apprentissage médié par les technologies informatiques en milieu informel se réalise selon un processus d’autoformation, de collaboration, de coopération, d’interculturalité, de production et de fabrication.
La coopération Nord-Sud pour l’enseignement et la recherche : le cas des pays francophones du Sud-Est asiatique
Authors: Ben Henda Mokhtar
Published: February 2021

Depuis 2015, un vaste projet de coopération francophone, sous couvert de l’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), mobilise des acteurs/trices scientifiques de la recherche et de l’enseignement de pays européens et du sud-est asiatique. Des universités européennes francophones sont entrées conjointement avec des universités vietnamiennes, cambodgiennes et laotiennes dans une dynamique de collaboration active dans la perspective d’un transfert de technologies, mais aussi d’une mutualisation d’expériences dans la gouvernance universitaire par le numérique. Études, expertises, formations, publications et projets constituent des mécanismes d’amélioration de la qualité, de la pertinence et de l’efficience tant de la recherche que de l’enseignement pour les différents partenaires. Aujourd’hui, des équipes ad-hoc, des comités d’experts, des consortiums et des délégations internationales participent de la redéfinition d’une culture scientifique de la recherche et de l’innovation pédagogique par le numérique, faisant de la disparité des contextes et de l’asymétrie entre les acteurs du Nord et du Sud un vecteur d’innovation et d’enrichissement d’expériences.
Migración y riesgo ético
Authors: Tojeira José M.
Published: February 2021

“Es triste tener que dejar la patria porque en la patria no hay un orden justo donde puedan encontrar trabajo” (Mons. Romero, 3-IX-1978). En este artículo, se trata de hacer conciencia de que el sufrimiento de los transmigrantes no es simplemente el problema del sector humano que emprende la aventura de establecerse en un país distinto del propio. Al contrario, es un problema de humanidad que involucra tanto a los países de salida como a los de llegada, así como a los de paso. En el caso centroamericano se quieren resaltar especialmente los problemas de la transmigración por México, que tiene características muy especiales, y se quiere insistir en las responsabilidades éticas y humanitarias de nuestras sociedades, ante lo que se ha convertido en un drama humano silencioso, con una fuerte incidencia en la cultura tradicional. Las implicaciones en el campo de los derechos humanos, de las tradiciones religiosas y de los valores solidarios, en muchos aspectos ocultas, tratan de ponerse de relieve en las páginas siguientes.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 733, 2013: 149-160.
La cuestionable y cuestionada amnistía
Authors: Mata Franchesca
Published: February 2021

Durante años, nos han dicho que la Ley de Amnistía para la Consolidación de la Paz cumplía con el fin de reunificar a la familia salvadoreña. Lo que nadie nos dijo es que, por medio de esta ley, quedaba institucionalizada la impunidad y la injusticia para las más de 75 000 familias que perdieron a un ser querido. Al contrario de lo que su nombre indica, nada es más opuesto a la consolidación de la paz —en una sociedad tan golpeada por los vejámenes de la injusticia social y los estragos de un conflicto armado— que ocultar la verdad y, con ello, incumplir descaradamente, por parte del Estado, el deber de investigar y juzgar las graves violaciones a los derechos humanos. Ahora, dos décadas después, es tiempo ya de replantearnos, ser críticos y cuestionarnos si queremos justicia para las miles de víctimas o protección para los victimarlos. El mensaje es claro: pueblo que olvida su historia está condenado a repetirla. Este artículo pretende ser un modesto aporte al debate planteado.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 733, 2013: 173-179.
Juventud, gobernabilidad y ciudadanía. Aspectos de cultura política de los jóvenes de posguerra del área metropolitana de San Salvador
Authors: Zetino Duarte Mario , Brioso Larissa
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 475-503.
Configuración de imaginarios sociales sobre la migración irregular en jóvenes potenciales migrantes y retornados
Authors: Chacón Fernando , Gómez Leslie , Alas Thelma
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 511-543.
De la memoria y el testimonio. La importancia de rendir homenaje a los que fueron emancipadores
Authors: Higgings Michael D.
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 557-569.
Si se mantienen firmes, conseguirán la vida...
Authors: Sariego Jesús
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 575-578.
Una metodología imprescindible para una eficiente investigación en el área de la salud
Authors: Villarroel Paredes Ibeth Lady , Sejas Claros Alfredo
Published: February 2021

En el área de la medicina como profesionales médicos debemos tomar la mejor acción ante un paciente, de ahí que las decisiones tienen que ser basadas en nuestros conocimientos e investigaciones de acuerdo a la patología que se presenta, pero no todas las ideas de los artículos publicados tienen la misma eficacia en la toma de decisiones en nuestro cotidiano desenlace y cada vez debemos afrontar el juicio y la experiencia propia agrupando la evidencia publicada o estudios realizados teniendo la certidumbre de que si la información es adecuada o confiable. Ambos criterios son imprescindibles al tomar la decisión correcta para obtener resultados satisfactorios, por tal motivo al verificar la confiabilidad debemos basarnos en niveles de evidencia científica que son sistemas de jerarquización que nos orientan a decidir el tipo de artículo publicado en el que podemos fundamentar de acuerdo al método de estudio empleado, por ello es de vital importancia la necesidad de evaluar la calidad de evidencia científica en cuanto a optar lo más propicio para el paciente, ello implica desarrollar una serie de juicios que se resume en buscar la diferencia o igualdad en el paciente con el artículo, tomando en cuenta una serie de factores que intrínsecamente se encuentran en los resultados comprobando así si hay significancia estadística y clínica llegando a justificar si se aplica a la persona tanto como las contraindicaciones y consecuencias , buscando certificar que el paciente obtenga el mismo resultado1,2.

La jerarquización de la evidencia de muestra la confiabilidad en el artículo; más simultáneamente existen riesgos de sesgos en la exploración de ese sistema como en la interpretación que uno hace de ella y en la aplicación, por lo tanto la búsqueda debe realizarse asociando la pregunta con la evidencia asegurando que responda de acuerdo a la necesidad individual y la realidad del paciente2.

Si confiamos que en que el sistema de evidencia sea la representación del estudio científico encontrado y que el mismo consiste en la verdad, podríamos confirmar que el nivel de evidencia está más cerca de la realidad y por lo tanto estos niveles nos exponen desde lo “muy recomendable” hasta “sin evidencia”1.

Este método científico también debe ser utilizado de acuerdo al lugar en el que nos encontramos tomando en cuenta la epidemiologia y el factor sociocultural.

En conclusión este sistema de evidencias nos permite guiar nuestras decisiones para dar la mejor alternativa para el paciente sin antes no guiarnos por nuestro razonamiento y asociación de la realidad del paciente con el estudio.
Publicación científica en estudiantes de medicina: Un reto de desarrollo
Authors: Soliz Alconz Hazel Vivian , Claros Coca Zenia
Published: February 2021

La publicación es el último paso en el proceso investigativo y la cantidad y calidad de las mismas constituye un indicador de medición del desarrollo de las universidades y el país. Bolivia cuenta con una participación escasa en lo que corresponde a los aportes investigativos siendo considerados “pequeños productores” aportando 0,10% según un estudio realizado en Cuba, en el cual se determinó la procedencia de la producción científica en salud en la base de datos PubMed durante el período de 1999-2008 en Iberoamérica, en dicho estudio Brasil es responsable de más del 50% del total de la producción científica en salud, junto a México y Argentina que en conjunto producen más del 80%, recibiendo la denominación de “grandes productores”. El grupo de los “productores medianos” cuyos aportes se sitúan entre el 1 y el 6% son Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Puerto Rico y Uruguay1.

Si bien Bolivia se encuentra entre los escaños más bajos surge también la disyuntiva de si la investigación científica migra al extranjero y no es publicada en revistas nacionales, como sugiere un estudio realizado de artículos originales sobre Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia o Ecuador, publicados en Medline entre 1993 y 1994, se encontraron 627 artículos publicados: 70 en revistas de los 5 países, 37 en otras revistas latinoamericanas y 510 en revistas americanas o europeas2.

Las universidades son casas formadoras de grandes profesionales y a la par también deben ser formadoras de grandes investigadores; durante los seis años en el transcurso de la carrera de medicina, los mismas constituyen un elemento vital a la hora de instruir y guiar por el camino de la ciencia, culminando en la publicación, existiendo revistas medico estudiantiles, como la Revista Científica Ciencia Médica, que trabaja para lograr dicho propósito. Pero la situación actual es muy diferente a la esperada, ya que se ha notado un descenso de la producción científica acompañado de un escaso interés, resaltando entre la principal causa la insuficiente cultura de publicación3.

Otro punto importante a destacar es la cuantificación de la actividad y producción científica en las Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina, la cuál a pesar de los esfuerzos y actividades desarrolladas aún no han logrado satisfacer dicha expectativa.

Es por ello que las revistas científicas de estudiantes de pre-grado cumplen un papel importante en el desarrollo de la investigación científica, siendo parte así de la contribución y producción en Bolivia que no debe ser subestimada ya que brindan la oportunidad para involucrar a los estudiantes en un nivel más personal de comprensión4.

Es parte de nuestro propósito continuar difundiendo y promover la investigación científica en estudiantes de medicina además de mejorar constantemente la calidad científica, frente a los muchos desafíos que esto implica, todo ello es fundamental para lograr desarrollar el potencial científico esperado, mediante el pensamiento crítico y el desarrollo de futuros médicos científicos.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre el Zika en estudiantes de medicina, 2016.
Authors: Rios-González Carlos Miguel , De Benedictis-Serrano Ginno Alessandro , Chirino-Caicedo Alfonzo David
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre el Zika en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Carabobo, sede Aragua en Venezuela, durante los meses de marzo a abril de 2016. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no pro­babilístico por conveniencia en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Carabobo, sede Aragua en Venezuela, durante los meses de marzo a abril de 2016. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para la recolección de los datos. Los datos se expresan en tabla de frecuencia y proporciones. Resultados: De 172 estudiantes de medicina, de 18 a 41 años de edad, con una media de 20,64 años (DE=2,26), de los cuales el 66,28% (114) perteneció al sexo masculino, el nivel de conocimiento fue en 90,70% (156) alto. El 56,98% (98) de los estudiantes están de acuerdo en que el público tiene el papel más importante en el control del Zika. En cuanto a las prácticas; el 75,58% (130) de los estudiantes de medicina no usan repelentes en ningún momento del día; 20,35% (35) solo lo usa por las noches. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento general de los estudiantes fue alto, una actitud en la mayoría de los casos buena y prácticas no tan buenas.