bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hedysarum vuralii (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey
Authors: ERTUĞRUL TUĞBA , YILDIZ BAYRAM , GÜNAY ÖZTÜRK MERYEM , FİŞNE A. , BAĞ ECEM , AYTAÇ ZEKİ
Published: March 2024

Hedysarum vuralii, a new species in the tribe Hedysareae (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. It belongs to Hedysarum section Multicaulia, collected from Ankara province in Turkey. H. vuralii is closely related to H. dededaghense but differs in densely adpressed white sericeous stem indumentum (versus spreading pilose); 7–10 paired, narrower, and glabrous above leaflets (5–16 ×1–3 mm, versus 7–8 paired, oblong-elliptic, 5–20 × 2–5 mm, spreading hairy on both surface); longer bracteoles (5–6 mm long, versus 3–4 mm); calyx teeth at least twice as long as tube (versus as long as tube); corolla greenish yellow, violet spotted at tips (versus purple); shorter standard (15–16 mm long, versus 19 mm); pods 12 × 4 mm, 2 (–3)-jointed (versus 14 × 5–6 mm, 1–2 jointed); joints 4–6 × 2–4 mm, pubescent with echinate in the center (versus c. 6 ×6, pubescent with setae). Taxonomic descriptions, images, the identification key, phenology, palynology, and the IUCN threat category of the new species were presented. Moreover, the geographical distribution of H. vuralii and H. dededaghense were mapped.
Typification of the three names in the tribe Boehmerieae (Urticaceae)
Authors: GUPTA AMIT , WAGH VIJAY V.
Published: March 2024

N/A
Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P. , QUEK Z. B. RANDOLPH , HUANG DANWEI
Published: March 2024

All eight extant species of Rhabdopleura described between 1869 and 2018 are provisionally accepted as valid based on a review of the literature and new data on two little-known species from the Azores. Additionally, four new species are described from the New Zealand region, increasing global diversity by 50%, and a dichotomous key to all 12 described species is provided based on morphological criteria. The distinction between colony morphologies based on erect-tube inception is regarded as particularly helpful in initial characterization of species. Erect ringed tubes are either produced directly from the surface of creeping-tubes or indirectly, i.e. a short adherent side branch from a creeping tube is interpolated between the creeping tube and an erect tube; such side branches are blind-ending. These two modes of erect-tube origination are here respectively termed direct and indirect. Species with indirect erect-tube budding are predominant in the North Atlantic whereas species with direct erect-tube budding dominate in New Zealand waters. The only indirect-erect species from New Zealand, Rhabdopleura chathamica n. sp., was discovered on deepwater coral from 1008‒1075 m, constituting the deepest record of the genus to date. Rhabdopleura emancipata n. sp., collected only in a detached state, constitutes a three-dimensional tangled growth that grew freely into the water column—a unique morphology hitherto unknown among extant species. Owing to this growth mode, it provided a substratum for epibionts from several phyla. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. and Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp. are morphologically very similar but are distinguishable by their distinct placements in a phylogeny based on 16S mitochondrial and 18S nuclear rRNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on rRNA and mitochondrial genome data contribute to an updated phylogeny of all Rhabdopleura species sequenced thus far, some of which require more molecular sequences and morphological analyses for taxonomic determination.
Paclitaxel Inhibits Thyroid Cancer by Regulating AMPK/mTOR and Promoting Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Gui Bo , Yu Yafeng , Liu Fangzhou
Published: March 2024

Aim at probe into the mechanisms of paclitaxel inhibition in thyroid cancer. Cell viability was detected via CCK8 assay, KTC-1 proliferation, migration, invasion were detected via colony formation, wound healing as well as transwell assay. Flow cytometry measure the cell cycle and apoptosis,
protein expression was detected with Western blot. Iron ions, GSH and MDA were detected by corresponding assay kits, respectively. ROS levels was detected with a fluorescence probe. KTC-1 cells viability decreased significantly when treated with 500 nM paclitaxel, and the proliferation, migration
as well as invasion abilities were also significantly weakened. Moreover, paclitaxel induced KTC-1 cell mitosis arrest in G2/M phase to inhibited cell mitosis, and significantly increased the apoptosis. We also found paclitaxel treatment activated AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and iron ion,
MDA as well as ROS level were significantly increased, while GSH level and expression of GPX4 protein was notably decreased in paclitaxel-treated KTC-1 cells. Our research shows that paclitaxel significantly inhibits the viability, proliferation, migration as well as invasion of KTC-1 cells
via activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and increase oxidative stress in KTC-1 cells, inducing ferroptosis in KTC-1 cells, providing new support for paclitaxel in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Allelic variation in the autotetraploid potato: genes involved in starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid metabolism as a case study
Authors: Li Hongbo , Brouwer Matthijs , Pup Elena Del , van Lieshout Natascha , Finkers Richard , Bachem Christian W. B. , Visser Richard G. F.
Published: March 2024

Background

Tuber starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA)-related traits have been consistently prioritized in potato breeding, while allelic variation pattern of genes that underlie these traits is less explored.

Results

Here, we focused on the genes involved in two important metabolic pathways in the potato: starch metabolism and SGA biosynthesis. We identified 119 genes consisting of 81 involved in starch metabolism and 38 in the biosynthesis of steroidal glycoalkaloids, and discovered 96,166 allelic variants among 2,169 gene haplotypes in six autotetraploid potato genomes. Comparative analyses revealed an uneven distribution of allelic variants among gene haplotypes and that the vast majority of deleterious mutations in these genes are retained in heterozygous state in the autotetraploid potato genomes. Leveraging full-length cDNA sequencing data, we find that approximately 70% of haplotypes of the 119 genes are transcribable. Population genetic analyses identify starch and SGA biosynthetic genes that are potentially conserved or diverged between potato varieties with varying starch or SGA content.

Conclusions

These results deepen the understanding of haplotypic diversity within functionally important genes in autotetraploid genomes and may facilitate functional characterization of genes or haplotypes contributing to traits related to starch and SGA in potato.
Effects of staged rehabilitation training on inflammatory factor levels and red blood cell distribution width followingcardiac valve replacement
Authors: Xing Beibei , Liu Pujuan
Published: March 2024

Background

The current study was conducted aimed atexploring the effects of staged rehabilitation training on the levels of inflammatory factors and red blood cell distribution in patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement.

Methods

A total of 140 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between April 2021 and November 2022 were included in this study. During the postoperative rehabilitation phase, the patients were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group received staged rehabilitation training (n = 70), while the control group received conventional care and rehabilitation suggestions without specialized staged rehabilitation training (n = 70). Informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to theirinclusion in the study. Clinical data of the patients were collected andanalyzed. RDW was measured using an automated blood cell analyzer on postoperative day 1, 14, and 28. Levels ofTNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were measured using ELISA. Quality of life was evaluated usingthe WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The effects of postoperative rehabilitation were assessed using the 6MWD test. The occurrence of adverse events in the postoperative periodwas alsoanalyzed.

Results

There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). On the first day after surgery, no significant differences were seen in RDW between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, on the 14th and 28th day after surgery, the experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in RDW compared to the control group (P < 0.05). On the first day after surgery, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, on the 14th and the 28th after surgery, the experimental group showed evidently lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated higher scores in the domains of physical health, psychological state, social relationships, and environment in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited increased average,minimum,maximum walking distances in the6-minute walking test compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse events between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Staged rehabilitation training exerteda positive effect on the levels of inflammatory factors and red blood cell distribution in patients following cardiac valve replacement. This type of rehabilitation training facilitated the patient’s recovery process by reducing the inflammatory response and improving the condition of red blood cells. Additionally, it enhanced the quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes for patients.
Hemorrhoidal disease among doctors from grade-A tertiary hospitals in big cities of China: results from web-based doctors as patients survey
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyuan , Liu Yuxin , Shi Weikun , Lin Guole , Rong Mei , Wang Bingjie
Published: March 2024

Background

Doctors are at high risk of developing hemorrhoidal disease (HD), but it is unclear whether doctors are aware of this risk. The OASIS (dOctors AS patIentS) study was performed to examine the prevalence, awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of HD among doctors in big cities in China.

Methods

An online survey consisting of a structured questionnaire was carried out among doctors in grade-A tertiary hospitals in 29 provinces across China from August to October 2020.

Results

A total of 1227 questionnaire responses were collected. HD prevalence was 56.8%, with a significant difference between internists and surgeons (P = 0.01). 15.6% of doctors with HD didn’t have serious concerns about the recurrence and severity of HD. 91.5% of doctors adopted general treatments, and 83.0% considered oral medications only when topical medications were ineffective. Among the oral medications, Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) was most effective based on the scores from three important parameters, but only 17% of doctors received MPFF.

Conclusions

Doctors are at higher risk of developing HD with a high prevalence among Chinese doctors, but they are not fully aware or not concerned about HD. There is a deficiency in treatment recommendations and clinical management of HD even for doctors, including late initiation and inadequate oral drug therapy. Therefore, awareness and standardized treatment of HD should be improved among Chinese doctors, as well as in the general population.
Remote surveillance and detection of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among household members in King County, Washington
Authors: Emanuels Anne , Casto Amanda M. , Heimonen Jessica , O’Hanlon Jessica , Chow Eric J. , Ogokeh Constance , Rolfes Melissa A. , Han Peter D. , Hughes James P. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Frazar Christian , Chung Erin , Starita Lea M. , Englund Janet A. , Chu Helen Y. ,   Seattle Flu Study Investigators, Boeckh Michael , Famulare Michael , Lutz Barry R. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Rieder Mark J. , Thompson Matthew , Shendure Jay , Bedford Trevor , Adler Amanda , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Burstein Roy , Cho Shari , Geyer Rachel E. , Hadfield James , Jackson Michael L. , Kiavand Anahita , Kim Ashley E. , Kimball Louise E. , Kotnik Jack Henry , Lacombe Kirsten , Logue Jennifer K. , Lyon Victoria , McCulloch Denise J. , Richardson Matthew , Rogers Julia H. , Sibley Thomas R. , Zigman Suchsland Monica L. , Truong Melissa , Wolf Caitlin R. , Zhong Weizhi
Published: March 2024

Background

Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to better understand transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Household contacts of infected individuals are particularly at risk for infection, but delays in contact tracing, delays in testing contacts, and isolation and quarantine posed challenges to accurately capturing secondary household cases.

Methods

In this study, 346 households in the Seattle region were provided with respiratory specimen collection kits and remotely monitored using web-based surveys for respiratory illness symptoms weekly between October 1, 2020, and June 20, 2021. Symptomatic participants collected respiratory specimens at symptom onset and mailed specimens to the central laboratory in Seattle. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR with whole genome sequencing attempted when positive. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals were notified, and their household contacts submitted specimens every 2 days for 14 days.

Results

In total, 1371 participants collected 2029 specimens that were tested; 16 individuals (1.2%) within 6 households tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Full genome sequences were generated from 11 individuals within 4 households. Very little genetic variation was found among SARS-CoV-2 viruses sequenced from different individuals in the same household, supporting transmission within the household.

Conclusions

This study indicates web-based surveillance of respiratory symptoms, combined with rapid and longitudinal specimen collection and remote contact tracing, provides a viable strategy to monitor households and detect household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Trial registration identifier

NCT04141930, Date of registration 28/10/2019.
Evaluating inter-rater reliability in the context of “Sysmex UN2000 detection of protein/creatinine ratio and of renal tubular epithelial cells can be used for screening lupus nephritis”: a statistical examination
Authors: Li Ming , Gao Qian , Yang Jing , Yu Tianfei
Published: March 2024

Background

The evaluation of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is integral to research designs involving the assessment of observational ratings by two raters. However, existing literature is often heterogeneous in reporting statistical procedures and the evaluation of IRR, although such information can impact subsequent hypothesis testing analyses.

Methods

This paper evaluates a recent publication by Chen et al., featured in BMC Nephrology, aiming to introduce an alternative statistical approach to assessing IRR and discuss its statistical properties. The study underscores the crucial need for selecting appropriate Kappa statistics, emphasizing the accurate computation, interpretation, and reporting of commonly used IRR statistics between two raters.

Results

The Cohen’s Kappa statistic is typically used for two raters dealing with two categories or for unordered categorical variables having three or more categories. On the other hand, when assessing the concordance between two raters for ordered categorical variables with three or more categories, the commonly employed measure is the weighted Kappa.

Conclusion

Chen and colleagues might have underestimated the agreement between AU5800 and UN2000. Although the statistical approach adopted in Chen et al.’s research did not alter their findings, it is important to underscore the importance of researchers being discerning in their choice of statistical techniques to address their specific research inquiries.
Exploring the role of mitochondrial-associated and peripheral neuropathy genes in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Bai Ruojing , Luo Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, impacting the nerves in the limbs and leading to symptoms like pain, numbness, and diminished function. While the exact molecular and immune mechanisms underlying DPN remain incompletely understood, recent findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the advancement of this diabetic condition.

Methods

Two RNA transcriptome datasets (codes: GSE185011 and GSE95849), comprising samples from diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients and healthy controls (HC), were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Subsequently, differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to pinpoint key hub genes associated with DPN, with a specific emphasis on genes related to mitochondria and peripheral neuropathy disease (PND) that displayed differential expression. Additionally, the study estimated the levels of immune cell infiltration in both the HC and DPN samples. To validate the findings, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to confirm the differential expression of selected genes in the DPN samples.

Results

This research identifies four hub genes associated mitochondria or PN. Furthermore, the analysis revealed increased immune cell infiltration in DPN tissues, particularly notable for macrophages and T cells. Additionally, our investigation identified potential drug candidates capable of regulating the expression of the four hub genes. These findings were corroborated by qPCR results, reinforcing the credibility of our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and immunological characteristics of DPN, based on both bioinformatics and experimental methods.
Long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with and without posterior scleral reinforcement on myopic maculopathy in myopic choroidal neovascularization eyes
Authors: Kang Meng-Tian , Wang Ningli , Xu Wenjun , Yusufu Mayinuer , Liu Wu , Tian Jiaxin , Qi Yue
Published: March 2024

Background

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is used for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Patchy chorioretinal atrophy (pCRA) enlargement has been reported in mCNV cases associated with vision loss. Our aim was to compare the long-term effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy alone versus anti-VEGF followed by posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) in controlling myopic maculopathy in mCNV eyes.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 95 high myopia patients (refractive error ≥ 6.00 diopters, axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) with mCNV. Patients were treated with anti-VEGF alone (group A) or anti-VEGF followed by PSR (group B). The following data were collected: refractive error, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmic fundus examination, ocular coherence tomography and ocular biometry at 12 and 24 months pre- and postoperatively. The primary outcomes were changes in pCRA and BCVA.

Results

In 26 eyes of 24 patients, the mean pCRA size significantly increased from baseline (0.88 ± 1.69 mm2) to 12 months (1.57 ± 2.32 mm2, t = 3.249, P = 0.003) and 24 months (2.17 ± 2.79 mm2, t = 3.965, P = 0.001) postoperatively. The increase in perilesional pCRA in group B (n = 12) was 98.2% and 94.2% smaller than that in group A (n = 14) at 12 and 24 months (Beta 0.57 [95% CI 0.01, 191 1.13], P = 0.048). In group B, 7 eyes (58.3%) gained more than 2 lines of BCVA compared with only 4 eyes (28.6%) in group A at 24 months.

Conclusion

Anti-VEGF therapy followed by PSR achieved better outcomes than anti-VEGF therapy alone in controlling the development of myopic maculopathy in mCNV and may constitute a better treatment option by securing a better long-term VA outcome.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) post-COVID-19 in Iran: clinical profile, cardiac features, and outcomes
Authors: Hoseininasab Ali , Sinaei Reza , Bagheri Mohammad Mehdi , Ahmadipour Maryam , Derakhshan Reza , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Robati Fatemeh Karami , Jafari Maedeh , Ebrahimi Sarehossadat , Jafari Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2024

Background

In April 2020, an association between multisystem inflammatory syndromes (MIS-C) was observed in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2). Most patients had heart involvement alone, and most patients had pericardial effusion. This study aimed to express and emphasize cardiac involvement in pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms who were diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods

This study was conducted in July 2021 in Kerman province, Southeastern Iran, during a notable surge in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The study included 904 pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data collection involved a comprehensive assessment of clinical symptoms and manifestations. Patients with fever lasting more than five days were admitted to the hospital. Echocardiography was utilized for cardiac involvement diagnosis, with 47 patients undergoing this diagnostic procedure.

Results

Of the 904 patients, most of them had high fevers (74%). Fifty-five patients had a fever for more than five days and were hospitalized. Of the 47 patients who underwent echocardiography, 45 (81%) had heart involvement. In 75% of patients, pericardial effusion was the only cardiac involvement. Patients with pericardial effusion were treated with dexamethasone up to 3 mg every 8 h for 72 h.

Conclusions

MIS-C has a wide range of clinical symptoms. In cases where the fever is prolonged and there are gastrointestinal symptoms, physicians have clinical suspicion to diagnose this syndrome. Most cases of pericardial effusion are alone and improve with treatment with glucocorticosteroids.
Correlation analysis between the amniotic fluid contamination and clinical grading of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and biomarkers of brain damage
Authors: Lv Hongyan , Liu Fang , Wang Qiuli , Dong Zhiyong , Zhang Huiming , Ren Pengshun , Li Liangxiang
Published: March 2024

Background

Amniotic fluid contamination (AFC) is a risk factor for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); however, the correlation between AFC level and the incidence and clinical grading of HIE, in addition to relevant biomarkers of brain damage, have not been assessed.

Methods

This single-center observational study included 75 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE. The neonates with HIE were divided into four subgroups according to the AFC level: normal amniotic fluid with HIE group (NAF-HIE), I°AFC with HIE group (I°AFC-HIE), II°AFC with HIE group (II°AFC-HIE), and III°AFC with HIE group (III°AFC-HIE). The control groups consisted of 35 healthy neonates. The clinical grading of neonatal HIE was performed according to the criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat. Serum tau protein and S100B were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Correlations of serum tau protein and S100B were evaluated using the Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

(1) The incidence of neonatal HIE in the NAF-HIE group was 20 cases (26. 7%), I°AFC-HIE was 13 cases (17.3%), II°AFC-HIE was 10 cases (13.3%), and III°AFC-HIE was 32 cases (42. 7%). The incidence of moderate-to-severe HIE in the I°–III°AFC-HIE groups was 73.3% (55/75). (2) In 44 cases with severe HIE, 26 cases (59.1%) occurred in the III°AFC-HIE group, which had a significantly higher incidence of severe HIE than moderate HIE (p < 0.05). In NAF-HIE and I°AFC-HIE groups, the incidence of moderate HIE was 45.2% and 29.0%, respectively, which was higher than that of severe HIE (X2 = 9.2425, p < 0.05; X2 = 5.0472, p < 0.05, respectively). (3) Serum tau protein and S100B levels in the HIE groups were significantly higher than in the control group (all p < 0.05), and were significantly higher in the III°AFC-HIE group than in the NAF-HIE and I°AFC-HIE groups (all p < 0.05). (4) Serum tau protein and S100B levels in the severe HIE group were significantly higher in the moderate HIE group (all p < 0.05). (5) Serum tau protein and S100B levels were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.7703, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Among children with severe HIE, the incidence of III°AFC was higher, and the levels of serum tau protein and S100B were increased. AFC level might be associated with HIE grading.
Assessment of sleep disturbance in patients with Wilson’s disease
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , You ZhiFei
Published: March 2024

Background

Wilson’s disease (WD) is frequently manifested with anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance; this investigation aimed to elucidate these manifestations and identify the influencing factors of sleep disturbance.

Methods

Sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression were compared in 42 WD and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. 27 individuals indicated a neurological form of the disease (NV), and 15 had a non-neurological variant (NNV).

Results

This investigation revealed that the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS) score of WD individuals was lower, whereas their Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores were higher than the healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the WD subjects had markedly increased prevalence of poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression than healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that NV subjects had significantly higher scores on the UWDRS, PSQI, HAMA, and HAMD scales than those in the NV group, as well as higher rates of EDS, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). In patients with sleep disturbance, we identified UWDRS, neurological variant, and depression as associated factors. The linear regression model demonstrated depression as the dominant risk factor.

Conclusions

Depression is highly correlated with and is a determinant of sleep disturbance in WD patients.
Hearing and vision impairment and social isolation over 8 years in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Huang Alison R. , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. , Rebok George W. , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Deal Jennifer A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Little is known about the long-term impact of hearing and vision impairment on social isolation. This study quantifies the association between hearing, vision, and concurrent hearing and vision impairment (dual sensory impairment) and social isolation over 8 years among older adults.

Methods

Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a cohort study (2011 – 2019) of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Social isolation was measured by a binary indicator incorporating four domains: living arrangement, core discussion network size, religious attendance, and social participation. Hearing, vision, and dual sensory impairments were measured by self-report and modeled categorically (no impairment [ref.], hearing impairment only, vision impairment only, dual sensory impairment). Associations between sensory impairments and odds of social isolation over 8 years were assessed using multivariate generalized logistic mixed models and adjusted for demographic and health characteristics.

Results

Among 5,552 participants, 18.9% self-reported hearing impairment, 4.8% self-reported vision impairment, and 2.3% self-reported dual sensory impairment. Over 8 years, hearing impairment only was associated with 28% greater odds of social isolation. Participants with hearing impairment only were more likely to live alone and have limited social participation.

Conclusion

Greater clinical awareness of hearing impairment as a risk factor for social isolation can increase opportunities to identify and aid older adults who may benefit from resources and interventions to increase social connection and mitigate social isolation.
Using photovoice to generate solutions to improve food security among families living in remote Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia
Authors: Chappell Emma , Chan Ellie , Deen Caroline , Brimblecombe Julie , Cadet-James Yvonne , Hefler Marita , Stubbs Emma , Ferguson Megan
Published: March 2024

The right to food security has been recognised internationally, and nationally in Australia by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations. This study aims to explore food (in)security and solutions for improvement of food security in remote Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia, from the perspective of caregivers of children within the context of the family using photovoice. Participants took part in workshops discussing participant photographs of food (in)security, including solutions. Themes and sub-themes with associated solutions included traditional food use, sharing as a part of culture, the cost of healthy food, energy and transport, and housing and income. Community leaders used these data in setting priorities for advocacy to improve food security in their communities.
An exploration of the experiences and self-generated strategies used when navigating everyday life with Long Covid
Authors: Leggat Fiona J. , Heaton-Shrestha Celayne , Fish Jessica , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Domeney Anne , Rowe Carol , Patel Ian , Parsons Judith , Blair John , Jones Fiona
Published: March 2024

Background

Around one in ten people who contract Covid-19 report ongoing symptoms or ‘Long Covid’. Without any known interventions to cure the condition, forms of self-management are routinely prescribed by healthcare professionals and described by people with the condition. However, there is limited research exploring what strategies are used to navigate everyday life with Long Covid, and experiences that initiate development of these strategies. Our study aimed to explore the range and influence of self-generated strategies used by people with Long Covid to navigate everyday life within the context of their own condition.

Methods

Forming part of the Long Covid Personalised Self-managemenT support co-design and EvaluatioN (LISTEN) project, we conducted a qualitative study using narrative interviews with adults who were not hospitalised with Covid-19. Participants aged over 18 years, who self-identified with Long Covid, were recruited from England and Wales. Data were analysed with patient contributors using a reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Eighteen participants (mean age = 44 years, SD = 13 years) took part in interviews held between December 2021 and February 2022. Themes were constructed which depicted 1) the landscape behind the Long Covid experience and 2) the everyday experience of participants’ Long Covid. The everyday experience comprised a combination of physical, emotional, and social factors, forming three sub-themes: centrality of physical symptoms, navigating ‘experts’ and the ‘true colour’ of personal communities, and a rollercoaster of psychological ambiguity). The third theme, personal strategies to manage everyday life was constructed from participants’ unique presentations and self-generated solutions to manage everyday life. This comprised five sub-themes: seeking reassurance and knowledge, developing greater self-awareness through monitoring, trial and error of ‘safe’ ideas, building in pleasure and comfort, and prioritising ‘me’.

Conclusions

Among this sample of adults with Long Covid, their experiences highlighted the unpredictable nature of the condition but also the use of creative and wide ranging self-generated strategies. The results offer people with Long Covid, and healthcare professionals supporting them, an overview of the collective evidence relating to individuals' self-management which can enable ways to live ‘better’ and regain some sense of identity whilst facing the impact of a debilitating, episodic condition.

Trial registration

LISTEN ISRCTN36407216.
Self-reported cycling behavior and previous history of traffic accidents of cyclists
Authors: Rad Enayatollah Homaie , Kavandi Fatemeh , Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati Leila , Asadi Kamran , Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh Naema
Published: March 2024

Background

Cyclists are vulnerable traffic users and studying the cycling behavior of professional and elite cyclists, their previous history of traffic accidents combined with the current knowledge on high-risk behaviors of this group can be a useful basis for further studies on ordinary cyclists. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cycling behavior and the previous history of traffic accidents among members of the Cycling Federation of Guilan province in 2022.

Methods

A descriptive-analytical study was performed in which the Bicycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (BRBQ) constructed in the Porsline platform was distributed using the WhatsApp social network. All participants were asked to self-report their cycling behavior. The final analysis was performed by using STATA software (version 14).

Results

The study subjects included a total of 109 cyclists with a mean age of 38.62 ± 10.94 years and a mean cycling experience of 13.75 ± 11.08 years. Using the logistic regression model, the relationship between gender (P = 0.039), years of cycling experience (P = 0.000), and education level (P ≤ 0.00), with previous traffic accidents, was found significant. There was also a significant relationship between stunts and distractions (P = 0.005), signaling violation (P = 0.000), and control error (P = 0.011) with previous traffic accidents. A significant association existed between stunts and distractions (P = 0.001) and signaling violation (P = 0.001) with a previous history of traffic injury within the last 3 years.

Conclusions

The findings of this study can be used to establish cyclist safety and preventative planning in society. In behavior change intervention programs, it is best to target male cyclists with higher-level education. In addition, the behavior of the cyclists whose predominant term of signaling violations must be corrected should be targeted. It is necessary to shape information campaigns and educational programs aimed for cyclists with common high-risk behaviors, especially signaling violations.
Plasma aldosterone response to ACTH stimulation test for diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Manosroi Worapaka , Atthakomol Pichitchai , Inthaphan Piti , Hintong Supornthip
Published: March 2024

Background

The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) requires screening and confirmation testing. The present study examined whether the 1 µg ACTH stimulation test for plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) can accurately diagnose PA by bypassing the regular confirmatory steps of PA diagnosis.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with a total of 36 patients with an aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) > 20 ng/dL per ng/m/hr were included. The confirmation test for PA was performed by saline infusion and the patients were categorized into PA and non-PA. PAC was collected at 20 and 40 min after 1 µg ACTH stimulation test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and the associations are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Diagnostic accuracy is presented as AuROC.

Results

Multivariable analysis found only PAC at 20 min after ACTH stimulation showed significant association with a diagnosis of PA (OR 1.18, 95%CI (0.99, 1.31), p = 0.040). AuROC for this value was 0.95 and the proposed cut-off was 52 ng/dL with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 96.6%.

Conclusions

Diagnosing PA may be aided by PAC at 20 min following 1 µg ACTH stimulation. This value may be used with patients for whom the confirmation test for PA cannot be conducted.
Establishment of a 3D esthetic analysis workflow on 3D virtual patient and preliminary evaluation
Authors: Cheung Kwantong , Cheung Waisze , Liu Yunsong , Ye Hongqiang , Lv Longwei , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: March 2024

Background

In esthetic dentistry, a thorough esthetic analysis holds significant role in both diagnosing diseases and designing treatment plans. This study established a 3D esthetic analysis workflow based on 3D facial and dental models, and aimed to provide an imperative foundation for the artificial intelligent 3D analysis in future esthetic dentistry.

Methods

The established 3D esthetic analysis workflow includes the following steps: 1) key point detection, 2) coordinate system redetermination and 3) esthetic parameter calculation. The accuracy and reproducibility of this established workflow were evaluated by a self-controlled experiment (n = 15) in which 2D esthetic analysis and direct measurement were taken as control. Measurement differences between 3D and 2D analysis were evaluated with paired t-tests.

Results

3D esthetic analysis demonstrated high consistency and reliability (0.973 < ICC < 1.000). Compared with 2D measurements, the results from 3D esthetic measurements were closer to direct measurements regarding tooth-related esthetic parameters (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The 3D esthetic analysis workflow established for 3D virtual patients demonstrated a high level of consistency and reliability, better than 2D measurements in the precision of tooth-related parameter analysis. These findings indicate a highly promising outlook for achieving an objective, precise, and efficient esthetic analysis in the future, which is expected to result in a more streamlined and user-friendly digital design process.

This study was registered with the Ethics Committee of Peking University School of Stomatology in September 2021 with the registration number PKUSSIRB-202168136.
Male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan in Dale district, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Yehualashet Daniel , Gemeda Hirut , Negash Berhan Tsegaye
Published: March 2024

Background

Male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plans is a key strategy to improve maternal and child health. It assists an expectant mother to make timely decisions in receiving care where service is inaccessible. Despite its significance, information is scarce about male partner involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan in the study setting.

Objective

To assess prevalence and factors associated with male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan in Dale district Sidama, Ethiopia in 2021.

Methods

A community-based survey was done from November to December, in 2021. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested and interview administered questionnaire. A multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to recruit 634 samples. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with male partner involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of associated factors were estimated by stepwise backward likelihood ratio method.

Results

622 out of the 634 study participants completed the interview, yielding a 98.1% response rate. Prevalence of male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan was 47.6% (95%CI: 44.9%, 48.9%). After adjusting the cofounding variables, factors like accompanying wives with their partners during their antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.5, 3.5), male partners whose wives had a history of caesarean birth (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.1, 3.8), knowledge of male partners on birth preparedness and complication readiness plan (AOR = 3.5, 95%CI:3.1,6.6), presence of obstetric complications(AOR = 5.1,95%CI:4.3,11.2),primi-gravida (AOR = 2.7,95%CI:1.6,4.7), and male partners’ knowledge of obstetrics complications (AOR = 3.5,95%CI,2.2,5.7) were significantly associated with male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness plan.

Conclusion

This study indicates that prevalence of male partners’ involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness was low. Therefore, awareness creation should be strengthened on male involvement on birth preparedness and complication readiness plan.
Postoperative complications and unanticipated healthcare encounters following mini-laparotomy vs. laparoscopic/robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Chill Henry H. , Hadizadeh Alireza , Paya-Ten Claudia , Leffelman Angela , Chang Cecilia , Moss Nani P. , Goldberg Roger P.
Published: March 2024

Background

Pelvic organ prolapse is a debilitating condition impacting lives of millions of women worldwide. Sacrocolpopexy (SCP) is considered an effective and durable surgical technique for treatment of apical prolapse. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes including postoperative complications and unanticipated healthcare encounters between patients who underwent SCP with a mini-laparotomy approach compared to patients treated with laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic SCP.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study including patients treated for apical prolapse at a university affiliated urogynecology practice. Patients over the age of 18 who underwent abdominal SCP between 2019 and 2023 were included. The cohort was formed into two groups: (1) Patients who underwent SCP through a mini-laparotomy incision (Mini-lap group); (2) Patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic-assisted laparoscopic SCP (Lap/Robot group).

Results

A total of 116 patients were included in the final analysis. Ninety patients underwent either laparoscopic or robotic-assisted SCP, whereas 26 patients underwent SCP with a mini-laparotomy approach. Study participants exhibited a mean age of 63.1 ± 10.3 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 ± 4.9 Kg/m2, and 77.6% of them identified as Caucasian. Upon comparison of demographic and past medical history between groups there were no statistically significant differences in age, BMI, menopausal status, race, parity or comorbid conditions. Patients in the Mini-lap group were less likely to have undergone previous abdominal surgery (11.5% vs. 50.6%, p < 0.001) and had more severe apical prolapse (stage 4 prolapse, 40% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001) than their counterparts in the Lap/robot group. Regarding intraoperative parameters, length of surgery was significantly shorter in the Mini-lap group compared to the Lap/robot group (97.3 ± 35.0 min vs. 242.0 ± 52.6 min, p < 0.001). When focusing on the primary outcome, postoperative complications within the first 30 days after surgery, there were no differences noted between groups. Additionally, the number of unanticipated healthcare encounters, such as phone calls, clinic visits, emergency department visits, urgent care visits, readmissions and reoperations were similar between groups.

Conclusions

Mini-laparotomy approach for SCP is safe with comparable intra- and postoperative complications, and unanticipated healthcare encounters compared to conventional minimally invasive methods.
The reporting quality of acupuncture-related traumatic adverse events: a systematic review of case studies in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung-A , Lee Ji-Su , Kim Tae-Hun , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Jae-Dong , Kang Jung Won
Published: March 2024

Background

Acupuncture is known for a harmless treatment when administered by well-trained clinicians. However, multiple case reports of traumatic adverse events (AEs) related to acupuncture treatments continue to be published in literature. In this review, we evaluated the reporting quality and conducted causality assessments of case studies that have reported acupuncture-related traumatic AEs in Korea.

Methods

Eight databases were searched from their inception to January 2024. Only Korean case studies that reported traumatic AEs following acupuncture procedures were included without any language restrictions. Reporting quality was evaluated based on patient characteristics, AEs, and acupuncture practice. Causality was assessed using the modified WHO-UMC causality criteria.

Results

Twenty-eight studies were included from a total of 1,154 identified studies. The quality of reporting in the included studies was low overall. While the descriptions of patient characteristics and AEs were relatively well detailed, most information on acupuncture practice was not reported at all. During the causality assessment, only three (10.7%) studies were judged to be “certain”. Twelve (42.9%) studies were “unassessable” because they inadequately described the information necessary for decision-making. It was practically difficult to establish the causality between acupuncture and AEs, as well as the appropriateness of acupuncture practice.

Conclusions

Insufficient and inappropriate reporting was observed in most case studies reporting acupuncture-related traumatic AEs in Korea. To overcome these limitations, we have suggested tentative guidelines in the form of a set of items that should be reported by future authors who plan to publish case studies on acupuncture-related traumatic AEs in a clinical setting.
Sociocultural factors affecting first-year medical students’ adjustment to a PBL program at an African medical school
Authors: Kebaetse Masego B. , Griffiths Dominic , Mokone Gaonyadiwe G. , Mogodi Mpho S. , Conteh Brigid G. , Nkomazana Oathokwa , Wright John , Falama Rosemary , Kebaetse Maikutlo
Published: March 2024

Background

Besides regulatory learning skills, learning also requires students to relate to their social context and negotiate it as they transition and adjust to medical training. As such, there is a need to consider and explore the role of social and cultural aspects in student learning, particularly in problem-based learning, where the learning paradigm differs from what most students have previously experienced. In this article, we report on the findings of a study exploring first-year medical students’ experiences during the first semester of an undergraduate problem-based learning medical program at an African medical school.

Method

We employed a qualitative case study approach using in-depth interviews with 23 first-year medical students. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 25 years. All students were bi/multilingual (some spoke three to five languages), with English as the learning language. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis to systematically identify and analyze patterns in the data using the Braun and Clarke framework.

Results

Before medical school, students worked hard to compete for admission to medical school, were primarily taught using a teacher-centered approach, and preferred working alone. At the beginning of medical school, students found it challenging to understand the problem-based learning process, the role of the case, speaking and working effectively in a group, managing a heavy workload, and taking increased responsibility for their learning. By the end of the first semester, most students were handling the workload better, were more comfortable with their peers and facilitators, and appreciated the value of the problem-based learning approach.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of interrogating contextual sociocultural factors that could cause tension when implementing problem-based learning in non-western medical schools. Adjustment to problem-based learning requires a conceptual and pedagogic shift towards learner-centered practice, particularly concerning self-direction, the role of the case, and collaborative learning. As such, there is a need to develop and implement research-informed learning development programs that enable students to reflect on their sociocultural beliefs and practices, and enhance their regulatory learning competence to optimize meaningful and early engagement with the problem-based learning process.