bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes in Teenage Pregnancy: Evidence Base for Policy Recommendations
Authors: Trichal Mamta
Published: October 2023

It is commonly accepted that teen pregnancies raise the risk of both mental and physical health problems, although, worldwide, research amply supports the impact of adolescent pregnancies on the expansion of human capital. The association implies that, in the long-run, a teenage mother’s prospects will be harmed, expanding the gender gap. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of adolescent pregnancy, the health issues that they and their unborn babies must deal with, and to ascertain -- through a systematic review -- what additional developmental needs are brought on by early pregnancy. Nine studies were chosen to research the primary risk factors of teen pregnancy, while ten articles evaluated the negative effects of early pregnancy. A total of 19 articles, published in reliable journals between 2009 and 2021, were chosen for the study. Reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies were not chosen: only original work from reputable journals was considered. The most common causes of teenage pregnancy were found to be the lack of formal education, ignorance of how contraception should be handled, ignorance of sex and pregnancy risks, and early marriage. The analysis revealed that neonatal disorders such as eclampsia, severe anaemia, haemorrhage, and premature birth are more common among adolescent mothers. The results show that neonates and adolescent mothers both have negative impacts from early pregnancies. The study emphasizes the importance of sex education and campaigns to promote the use of contraception. Also, proper physical care and psychosocial support through health care agencies should be promoted.Keywords:, , , and
Gender, transsexuality and labor insertion
Authors: Cirulli Alan , Godoy Abigaíl
Published: October 2023

Introduction: transsexuality and employment discrimination have been topics of interest and debate in Argentina. The diversity of gender identities faces stigmatization and social rejection, which negatively impacts employment opportunities and self-esteem of transgender people. This study focuses on analyzing public policies and initiatives to improve the labor market insertion of this group, examining their effectiveness and challenges.Development: the study highlights the importance of the Gender Identity Law in Argentina, which has been a pioneer in recognizing self-perception of gender identity without medical or judicial requirements. However, despite these inclusive policies, labor discrimination continues to be a reality for many trans people. There is a lack of official data on their employment situation, which hinders the formulation of effective policies. Initiatives such as work cooperatives managed by trans people, which seek to provide alternatives to prostitution, as well as job training programs, are explored. These measures are valuable, but their effective implementation is a challenge.Conclusions: employment discrimination remains a significant obstacle for trans people in Argentina, despite policies and programs designed to address this issue. The lack of accurate data makes it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. To improve the labor market insertion of transgender people, it is necessary to address not only discrimination in the workplace, but also prejudices rooted in society. Education and awareness-raising are key tools in this process. Continued efforts are required to promote gender equality and respect the diversity of gender identities in the workplace in Argentina. This will not only benefit trans people, but will also enrich society as a whole
Gender, gender-based violence and training on the Micaela Law
Authors: Rodriguez María del Valle
Published: October 2023

Introduction: gender-based violence is a pervasive and underestimated issue worldwide, affecting all societal aspects, including universities. While Argentina has made progress in gender rights, universities still struggle with gender-based violence due to enduring patriarchal structures.Development: gender violence persists in universities, perpetuating androcentric biases in teaching, leadership, and decision-making. The Micaela Law, passed in 2018, mandates gender training for government officials, including universities, aiming to combat this issue. The National University of Avellaneda and others have initiated gender training programs in response to this law. The Inter-University Network for Gender Equality and Against Violence (RUGE), integrated into the National Inter-University Council (CIN), promotes gender equality within universities through policies, strategies, and protocols.Conclusions: implementing the Micaela Law and integrating the gender perspective in universities are essential steps towards fostering inclusive academic environments. This aligns with international obligations and contributes to creating a more egalitarian society
Workplace Violence in the Health Sector: Focus on the Argentinean context
Authors: Canova Barrios Carlos Jesús , Francisco Sabrina Macarena , Hereñú Mariana Pilar
Published: October 2023

Workplace violence is classified according to the focus of analysis: type of aggression (physical, psychological, and sexual) and according to the perpetrator (internal violence, if it is a member of the organization and external when it is a user or his/her companions). The impact on the worker's health is severe; the psychological damage is the first to be registered, with all the progressive symptoms of stress: cognitive disorders - loss of immediate memory, dispersion of attention and concentration, permanent state of alertness, self-reproach, anguish, depression, exhaustion, sensation of unreality, fantasies of annihilation, fragmentation of identity, sleep disorders and conflict with affective relationships and bonds of belonging. The studies analyzed show that the effects of aggression are varied and will depend on the frequency and severity of the episodes and the vulnerability caused by the number of episodes, which cause deterioration in the quality of care, suffering, and illness of those involved, thus affecting not only the personnel involved but also having repercussions on their families and the environment outside the workplace. Therefore, it is essential to investigate and analyze the factors involved in the different situations that arise and thus be able to intervene promptly. Statistics show that violence is more frequent the younger the staff is and more frequent in the case of women. It is also evident that not only age and sex are the factors that have the most significant impact on acts of violence, but other variants, such as nationality, place of work, and position held, influence the moment of being victims of aggression in the work environment
Empathy in nursing professionals for care subjects with depression
Authors: Toconas Lorena del Carmen
Published: October 2023

Introduction: empathy in nursing professionals and its impact on quality of care, as well as the challenges they face, are highlighted. Compassion fatigue" due to frequent use of empathy is explored. The study seeks to improve communication and empathic care, especially in patients with psychological health disturbance. The research aims to identify strategies for better care management. Methods: a literature search was conducted in PubMed with the keywords "empathy", "empathy", "nursing" and "depression", establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria to select 7 relevant articles on empathy in nursing professionals for care subjects with depression in the last 5 years and open access. Results: the studies provide valuable information on the psychological health of health professionals and the importance of empathy in their practice. The results highlight the need to implement effective interventions to improve the mental health of these professionals and their empathic capacity in patient care. Conclusions: empathy is crucial in nursing care, but the presence of negative mental states, such as depression, can affect it. The high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in mental health also influences empathy towards patients with eating disorders. Addressing stress, burnout, and stigma is essential to improve empathy in health professional practice and benefit patients
Dysphagia a challenge for rehabilitation in Palliative Care patients: clinical and psychosocial perspectives
Authors: Lepez Carlos Oscar , Espinosa Aguilar Anibal , Saavedra Michel Oria
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive nursing care in situations of health vulnerability implies a complete analysis from clinical and psychosocial references. Dysphagia, difficulty in swallowing, is an important risk, caused by organic lesions or neuromuscular dysfunctions. Normal swallowing is divided into four phases, any of which can be affected and lead to dysphagia. Dysphagia is associated with diseases such as Parkinson's disease, esophageal cancer, and pulmonary disorders. Its prevalence is high in older patients, with 30 % in those over 65 years of age and up to 86 % in older adults hospitalized with pneumonia. Its early detection is crucial, as it can lead to comorbidities such as dehydration, malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Tolerance tests with foods of different textures and liquids of various viscosities are used to assess dysphagia. Results may indicate impaired chewing, oral storage of food, reduced laryngeal elevation, and more. In addition, instrumental tests such as videofluoroscopy and endoscopic examination are used to detect aspiration and other abnormalities. The goal of comprehensive diagnosis is to find solutions and early oral rehabilitation, adopt appropriate therapeutic measures, improve posture and ergonomics, strengthen the oropharyngeal musculature and prevent associated risks. Quality of life in people with chronic dysphagia is addressed in the context of advanced chronic diseases or palliative care
A Comprehensive Approach to Child Malnutrition Prevention: Standardized Assessment Using Anthropometry and Bioimpedance Methods
Authors: Zabala Haro Alicia Monserrath , Ron Mora Álvaro Sebastián
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The rise in weight gain has been occurring at an accelerated pace in recent decades, affecting individuals regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status. Overweight and obesity are characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, which is closely linked to a wide range of chronic non-communicable diseases, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems.Objective: To develop a strategy for the prevention of child malnutrition based on standardized assessment through anthropometry and bioimpedance methods.Methodology: This study employs a descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal research approach, grounded in a theoretical framework that comprehensively examines nutritional processes during childhood.Results: The need for early diagnostic tools of low technical complexity and cost-effectiveness becomes evident, particularly for populations at higher risk. By supplementing the assessment of body composition with electrical impedance, we enhance its diagnostic capabilities, addressing the limitations of relying solely on the body mass index, especially in children. This approach can help identify excess adiposity even in cases where the body mass index suggests normality.Conclusions: The prevention strategy for overweight and obesity, designed based on the analysis of body composition using electrical impedance in school-age children, proves valuable. This diagnostic method allows us to discern the various components of the human body and express them in percentages, enabling the identification of children with excess adiposity, even when the body mass index suggests normality in those evaluated.
Malnutrition prevention strategy based on neonatal screening through the Metcoff clinical method
Authors: Zabala Haro Alicia Monserrath , Ron Mora Álvaro Sebastián
Published: October 2023

Child malnutrition is a widely distributed pathology, as well as studied, the approach through the concept of the thousand days improves the understanding of the process, as well as the opportunities for intervention that can affect the eradication of the pathology and improve the quality of life of the child and the future adult. The present documentary research work addresses child malnutrition due to deficit and describes the development from the moment of conception to 2 years around fetal metabolic reprogramming particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy and compensatory growth "Catch up growth", opens the window to malnutrition in the immediate postnatal period,  mediate, future, the introduction of sensitive tools CANS core that allows early detection of fetal malnutrition by labeling patients within a group of high nutritional risk in conjunction with those who present explicit alterations of the deprivation suffered in pregnancy. Thus, a proposal for a community strategy is proposed based on four axes: Early diagnosis of subclinical malnutrition, prioritization of the quality of health services, quality of data collection systems and social participation that, articulated with government strategies, optimizes economic, political and institutional efforts for the eradication of child malnutrition
Cardiometabolic effect of sodium and glucosa cotransporter inhibitors type 2
Authors: Olmedo-Muñoz Melissa , Recalde-Navarrete Ricardo
Published: October 2023

Introduction: type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a leading cause of premature death and a growing threat to the healthcare system due to the high costs of medical care in the context of cardiovascular complications. Methods: we conducted a systematic electronic search of clinical trials published from 2015 to January 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease on routine treatment and their cost-effectiveness.Results: significantly lower rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and hospitalization due to heart failure were observed when the study drugs were added to standard therapy. In addition, it was evidenced that the reduction in cardiovascular clinical events manages to offset the cost of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors resulting in a cost-effective use of resources at the health care level.Conclusions: as the transition to a new evidence-based era of managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease progresses, it is imperative that new therapies are developed that not only improve glycemic control, but also improve cardiovascular outcomes, because these events represent the major cause of mortality in this population
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a limiting disease
Authors: Vaca Joselyn , Acosta Roberto
Published: October 2023

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis in children and adolescents with a chronic course and unknown etiology. The incidence and prevalence of the disease are variable. Worldwide, its incidence ranges between 1,6-23 cases/100 000 children under 16 years of age/year and its prevalence between 3,8-400/100 000. The complications that occur in these patients range from delayed growth and osteoporosis to alteration of several organs. Treatment of JIA requires anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory medications and physical therapy. Methods: descriptive and retrospective bibliography review by compiling available and updated information in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria were: articles published from 2019 to the current date (2023), topics directly related to the proposed title such as idiopathic arthritis, growth restriction, complications, articles available and accessible to the public. Likewise. They excluded those articles that had limited accessibility, incomplete texts and inconclusive research results. Each article must be carefully analyzed taking into account the different points of view of each author.Results: one in three children with JIA has growth retardation, the severity is predicted by the low age of onset of the disease and the long duration of the disease. Correlation and regression analysis showed that low age at diagnosis and disease duration are significant predictors of the severity of stunting. Conclusions: growth disturbance is an important complication of JIA, with important implications for both physical and psychosocial health, and its growth can also slow down. It is a major concern for families of young children with JIA and an additional challenge for older children and adolescents facing the impact of the chronic disease
A Stylo-Linguistic Study of Orality Markers in Selected Novels of Femi Ojo-Ade and Ramonu Sanusi
Authors: Otegbale Edirin , Olowolagba Comfort Chioma
Published: October 2023

Orality is a feature of oral literature that has found its way into the written form of literature owing to stylistic effects and the need to foreground certain messages and aspects of texts. Ojo-Ade’s Les paradis terrestres (Paradis) and Les rêves d’une fille (Rêves), as well as Sanusi’s Le bistouri des larmes (Bistouri) and Un nègre a violé une blonde à Dallas (Nègre), have been studied thematically and stylistically by critics over the years, with less attention paid to the oral stylo-linguistic nature texts. Hence, this study investigates orality markers in the selected novels with the adoption of close reading for the collection of data and Arnold’s theory of foregrounding, which specialise in answering questions on literary motifs and how they come to gain prominence in texts as framework. Exclamatory remarks in sentential forms as well as repetitions through reiteration and syntactic parallelism, are identified as orality adding musicality and aesthetics to the texts while foregrounding the novelists’ thematic concerns. The research concludes on the premise that orality markers perform stylistic and aesthetic functions before readers interacting with the texts, making the reception of writers’ messages on socio-linguistic, socio-political, socio-economic, and socio-cultural harsh realities less gruesome.
Analysis of Nominalization Process in Tiv Language
Authors: Ajim Stephen Shiaondo , Ugechi Dr. Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Previous studies on nominalization in Tiv language focus on nominal compounds where compound words which belong to the grammatical category of nouns are derived through the process of compounding. This paper analyses the nominalization processes (strategies) in the Tiv language. The paper seeks to determine the nominalization processes in the Tiv language, and the classes of words as well as the linguistic units that are nominalized in Tiv. The study adopted the survey method in investigating the facts about the nominalization process in the language. The study used primary sources of data collection. The primary data were sourced through interview. Structured interview questions were used to elicit the needed data on nominalization from the ten selected adult Tiv native speakers in Makurdi and Gboko in Benue State. A total number of eighty (80) data were gathered and analysed. The theory adopted in the paper is Hockett’s (1954) structural theory modified in (2004) whose models are the Item-and-Process (I.P) and Item-and-Arrangement (I.A). The study found out that the processes through which nominalization occurs in the Tiv language are prefixation, prefixation plus some modifications, tonality and desententialization (sentence deconstruction). These processes are discovered to be very productive in nominalization in Tiv. It has also been found out that verbs roots and adjectives are the classes of words that are nominalized (lexical nominalization) in the Tiv language together with sentences (syntactic nominalization). The paper concludes that nominalization is very essential in word creation and helps in enriching the Tiv language.
Grapho-phonological Stylistic Devices in the Select Novels
Authors: Terna Dr. Stephanie Mwarsen , Ugechi Dr Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Previous studies on nominalization in Tiv language focus on nominal compounds where compound words which belong to the grammatical category of nouns are derived through the process of compounding. This paper analyses the nominalization processes (strategies) in the Tiv language. The paper seeks to determine the nominalization processes in the Tiv language, and the classes of words as well as the linguistic units that are nominalized in Tiv. The study adopted the survey method in investigating the facts about the nominalization process in the language. The study used primary sources of data collection. The primary data were sourced through interview. Structured interview questions were used to elicit the needed data on nominalization from the ten selected adult Tiv native speakers in Makurdi and Gboko in Benue State. A total number of eighty (80) data were gathered and analysed. The theory adopted in the paper is Hockett’s (1954) structural theory modified in (2004) whose models are the Item-and-Process (I.P) and Item-and-Arrangement (I.A). The study found out that the processes through which nominalization occurs in the Tiv language are prefixation, prefixation plus some modifications, tonality and desententialization (sentence deconstruction). These processes are discovered to be very productive in nominalization in Tiv. It has also been found out that verbs roots and adjectives are the classes of words that are nominalized (lexical nominalization) in the Tiv language together with sentences (syntactic nominalization). The paper concludes that nominalization is very essential in word creation and helps in enriching the Tiv language.
Lexico-Semantic and Pragmatic Stylistic Devices in the Select Novels
Authors: Mwarsen Terna Ms Stephanie , Ajim Stephen Shiaondo
Published: October 2023

Previous studies on the select novels under study examined the linguistic roles of surrogate language, stylistic analysis of Tivism (local colours literary artists incorporated in their works from Tiv cosmology), among others. None of the studies specifically focused on lexico-semantic and pragmatic stylistic devices in these novels.  This study investigates the relevance of lexico-semantic and pragmatic devices for meaning realisation in Shija’s Whispers of Distant Drums (2005), Gar’s The Blood of the Ram (2009), Kwaghchimin’s A Star of Hope (2010), Tijah’s Slow Men at Work (2012) and Norya’s The Luminous Flame (2014), works possessing very rich graphological and phonological stylistic devices. This study has adopted Leech’s (1969) model of foregrounding because it properly accounts for the use of parallelisms (repetitions) and deviations in the novels. This study uses the above five select novels as primary sources and textbooks, journal articles and theses as documentary sources. As for data presentation and analysis, the authors examined the select novels by reading between the lines, selecting lexes, picking semantic and pragmatic devices as well as grouping these under lexis, semantics and pragmatics and relating them to their stylistic uses. It was discovered that lexical items used in the texts portray Tiv culture. It was also learnt that both denotative and connotative meanings have been used in the novels. The effective use of linguistic stylistic features enhances meaning realisation and character depiction in the texts under study, the paper concludes.
Justice and the Zulu Heroic Ideals in Mazisi Kunene’s "Emperor Shaka the Great"
Authors: Patrick Charles , Efeh Mr. Ken
Published: October 2023

The discourse engendered within this scholarly examination was stimulated by Kunene's perspective on the ascendancy of heroism above justice. This paper explores the legendary deeds of Shaka who embodies the archetype of the Zulu epic hero, aiming to define the essence of Zulu heroic ideals. It argues that justice serves as the moral guide, directing the course of Shaka’s heroic endeavours. The study adopts a qualitative research method, since the selected text is narrative data. Theoretical inspiration that illuminates Shaka’s deeds is derived from Joseph Campbell’s theory of the hero’s journey, the mythos of adventure where the hero undertakes a journey to confront a formidable obstacle, wins in that confrontation and returns home with boons. Shaka’s journey from obscurity to legendary status as a warrior and leader reflects many aspects of the hero's journey, making Campbell's theory a relevant and insightful lens through which to examine Shaka’s heroic character. The study reveals that the poem's depth lies in its depiction of Shaka’s commitment to justice through his efforts to establish a more structured and equitable society, his promotion of meritocracy, his military discipline, and his protection of the Zulu people. The study concludes that contrary to the claim of Kunene that heroism is a higher virtue than justice in Zulu society, justice emerges as the quintessential bedrock upon which Zulu heroism is built, as those who act heroically are those who uphold the principles of justice that sustain the harmony and dignity in Zulu society.
Effects of modulator therapies on endocrine complications in adults with cystic fibrosis: a narrative review
Authors: Kumar Shanal , Soldatos Georgia , Teede Helena J , Pallin Michael
Published: October 2023

Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which transports chloride ions in secretory organs.

Modulator therapies are small molecules that correct CFTR dysfunction and can lead to a wide range of benefits for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis.

With advancements in airway, antimicrobial and nutritional therapies and now introduction of modulator therapies, most people living with cystic fibrosis in Australia are now adults. For adults with cystic fibrosis, endocrine manifestations such as cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes, metabolic bone disease, and reproductive health are becoming increasingly important, and emerging evidence on the endocrine effects of CFTR modulator therapies is promising and is shifting paradigms in our understanding and management of these conditions.

The management of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes will likely need to pivot for high responders to modulator therapy with dietary adaptions and potential use of medications traditionally reserved for adults with type 2 diabetes, but evidence to support changing clinical care needs is currently lacking. Increased attention to diabetes‐related complications screening will also be required.

Increased exercise capacity due to improved lung function, nutrition and potentially direct modulator effect may have a positive impact on cystic fibrosis‐related bone disease, but supporting evidence to date is limited.

Fertility can improve in women with cystic fibrosis taking modulator therapy. This has important implications for pregnancy and lactation, but evidence is lacking to guide pre‐conception and antenatal management.

Provision of multidisciplinary clinical care remains ever‐important to ensure the emergence of endocrine and metabolic complications are optimised in adults with cystic fibrosis.
The Economic Impact of Remote Work: Unpacking Regional Transformations and Economic Multipliers
Authors: ANNAMALAH Sanmugam , PARAMAN Pradeep
Published: October 2023

The emergence of remote work has ushered in a transformative era of economic change, profoundly altering the dynamics of regional economies and extending its impact nationwide. This abstract explores the profound implications of remote work on local economies, focusing on the operation of the multiplier effect within a country's economic framework. The multiplier effect is a fundamental economic principle that elucidates how changes in expenditure and investment can trigger a ripple effect, magnifying their influence on an economy. In the context of remote work, this concept gains heightened relevance as it sets in motion a cascade of economic activities originating from remote employees and radiating to their local communities. The increased flexibility and reduced geographical constraints associated with remote work have reshaped resource distribution, potentially diminishing the demand for commercial real estate in urban hubs and necessitating adaptable urban design strategies. In summary, the advent of remote work has instigated a paradigm shift in regional economies, propelled by the multiplier effect, which fosters job diversity, innovation, and infrastructure development within communities by amplifying the impact of spending and investment. The ongoing transformation of work and life due to remote work necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its amplifying impact, bearing significant importance for policymakers, businesses, and local communities. The multiplier effect, a cornerstone of economics, underscores how alterations in expenditure can trigger substantial repercussions in a country's economy through a cascade of economic operations, offering lasting influence rather than a transient effect, although it can also operate negatively when expenditure decreases, leading to a decline in both economic activity and income. This concept highlights the interconnectedness of economic activity and underscores the significance of changes in spending patterns for a nation's overall economic well-being. The magnitude of the multiplier effect is shaped by factors such as the marginal propensity to consume, leakages like savings and taxes, and the extent to which additional spending drives additional production capacity within the economy. A comprehensive understanding of the multiplier effect is invaluable for policymakers, enabling them to assess the potential outcomes of adjustments in fiscal and monetary policies.Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Social Entrepreneurship: A General Preview and Development Factor Analysis
Authors: LUGONJIĆ Marija , USKOKOVIĆ Ružica
Published: October 2023

The global development of society dictates changes in the field of economy, technology and, inter alia, the importance of the responsibility of the individual to society. We know that the changes dictated by various forms of promotion on the one hand and on the other hand of very aggressive marketing forms of organization have also recently caused reactions by individuals and society as a whole, who, despite consumer-driven market practices, want higher rates socially responsible behaviour of organizations. With regard to the all-round development of both the economy and society, social entrepreneurship is an inevitable consequence of the orientation towards the perception of entrepreneurship in terms of strengthening social solidarity and the greater interaction of social good in the concepts of business operations. Where is the future of the development of the entrepreneurial profession, and is social enterprise capable of overtaking existing forms of entrepreneurship? The answer would be accompanied by the fact that the incentive to increase social entrepreneurship in the last decade has been created with a similar reason than in the wake of the development of the social economy. The financial and economic crisis in the European Union has diminished confidence in the market, products and services and to managers at the global level. Generating a "new" form of entrepreneurship was therefore a logical consequence of distrust in the free market and capitalism. Therefore, with the help of social entrepreneurship and social enterprise, the confidence building was built primarily on the market itself, and a higher level of tendency towards the development of this kind of activity was established. Slovenia followed the development with the social enterprise justification with the Social Entrepreneurship Act, the content of which was partly presented in the paper. © 2023 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Distress Tolerance in Parents with Phenylketonuria Children: Mediating Role of Self-compassion
Authors: Habibi Narges , Basharpoor Sajjad , Fathi Elham , Atadokht Akbar
Published: October 2023

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. This disease affects not only the life of the child but also the life of the parents. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between perceived social support, self-compassion, and distress tolerance in a sample of parents with PKU children. Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven parents were recruited from the Province Metabolic Patients Support Charity in Zanjan (Iran) through available sampling. The study utilized three instruments: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Self-compassion Scale (SCS), and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Results: The data were analyzed using SmartPLS software (version 3.3), and the relationship between variables was assessed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. According to the bootstrapped results, the direct effects of perceived support from significant others on distress tolerance (β = 0.39, P = 0.0001) and self-compassion on distress tolerance (β = 0.68, P = 0.0001) significant others (β = 0.26, P = 0.0001) via self-compassion on distress tolerance were significant and positive. Conclusions: The study indicates that joining support groups and exchanging experiences with other parents of PKU children can enhance feelings of effectiveness and reduce isolation among these individuals as parents. Self-compassion plays a crucial role in perceiving challenges as part of the human experience, providing a valuable defense against personal distress that might arise while caring for a child with PKU.
Desarrollo y aplicación de modelos empíricos para la operación de clarificación primaria de las EDAR
Authors:   , Gehling Gino Roberto
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo de investigación se ha verificado la adecuación de los modelos empíricos para estimar el rendimiento de la clarificación primaria en Estaciones Depuradoras de Agua Residuales (EDAR). Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica identificando publicaciones relacionadas con el tema considerado, incluyendo libros, artículos, tesis de master y tesis doctorales. Han sido considerados los modelos empíricos disponibles en la bibliografía que pueden ser aplicados a los datos operacionales existentes en las EDAR consideradas. Se ha procedido a la determinación de los coeficientes de cada modelo. Para ello se ha utilizado los datos de dos EDAR de Catalunya y una de Madrid.
Los modelos empíricos aplicados a las EDAR antes indicadas son el de Voshel y Sak (1968), Smith (1969) y el de Tebbutt y Christoulas (1975). El de Smith (1969) se mostró totalmente inadecuado. El de Voshel y Sak (1968) se desarrolló en base a los datos relativos a la EDAR de "Grand Rapids" (Michigan), referentes a un periodo de 2 meses. El de Tebbutt y Christoulas (1975) resultó de experimentos realizados en una planta a escala de laboratorio. Ambos tienen méritos indiscutibles. Sin embargo, el primero por haber trabajado con datos relativos a cortos periodos, y el segundo por resultar de experimentos a escala de laboratorio en un periodo de duración no especificada, presentan una limitación: la imposibilidad de determinar los efectos de la temperatura del agua, que el propio Tebbutt y Christoulas (1975) admite ser una posible variable independiente significativa.
En este trabajo, para las tres EDAR consideradas, se ha considerado series de datos operacionales con duración mínima de 12 meses consecutivos. En dos EDAR (Manresa y Arroyo de la Vega) la temperatura del agua se revela como una variable independiente significativa. En este trabajo se han modificado los modelos de Voshel y Sak (1968) y de Tebbutt y Christoulas (1975), introduciendo la temperatura como variable independiente. Estos modelos modificados han presentado una mejor correlación con los datos operacionales de las EDAR de Manresa y de Arroyo de la Vega
Investigating quantum many-body systems with tensor networks, machine learning and quantum computers
Authors:   , Kottmann Korbinian Gebhard
Published: October 2023

(English) We perform quantum simulation on classical and quantum computers and set up a machine learning framework in which we can map out phase diagrams of known and unknown quantum many-body systems in an unsupervised fashion.
The classical simulations are done with state-of-the-art tensor network methods in one and two spatial dimensions. For one dimensional systems, we utilize matrix product states (MPS) that have many practical advantages and can be optimized using the efficient density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. The data for two dimensional systems is obtained from entangled projected pair states (PEPS) optimized via imaginary time evolution.
Data in form of observables, entanglement spectra, or parts of the state vectors from these simulations, is then fed into a deep learning (DL) pipeline where we perform anomaly detection to map out the phase diagram.
We extend this notion to quantum computers and introduce quantum variational anomaly detection. Here, we first simulate the ground state and then process it in a quantum machine learning (QML) manner. Both simulation and QML routines are performed on the same device, which we demonstrate both in classical simulation and on a physical quantum computer hosted by IBM.

(Español) En esta tesis, realizamos simulaciónes cuánticas en ordenadores clásicos y cuánticos y diseñamos un marco de aprendizaje automático en el que podemos construir diagramas de fase de sistemas cuánticos de muchas partículas de manera no supervisada. Las simulaciones clásicas se realizan con métodos de red de tensores de última generación en una y dos dimensiones espaciales. Para sistemas unidimensionales, utilizamos estados de productos de matrices (MPS) que tienen muchas ventajas prácticas y pueden optimizarse utilizando el eficiente algoritmo del grupo de renormalización de matrices de densidad (DMRG). Los datos para sistemas bidimensionales se obtienen mediante los denominados estados de pares entrelazados proyectados (PEPS) optimizados a través de la evolución en tiempo imaginario. Los datos, en forma de observables, espectros de entrelazamiento o partes de los vectores de estado de estas simulaciones, se introducen luego en un algoritmo de aprendizaje profundo (DL) donde realizamos la detección de anomalías para construir el diagrama de fase. Extendemos esta noción a los ordenadores cuánticos e introducimos la detección de anomalías cuánticas variacionales. Aquí, primero simulamos el estado fundamental y luego lo procesamos utilizando el aprendizaje automático cuántico (QML). Tanto las rutinas de simulación como el QML se realizan en el mismo dispositivo, lo que demostramos tanto en una simulación clásica como en un ordenador cuántico real de IBM.
Mechanochemical study of single living cells and biomolecules combining optical tweezers and raman spectroscopy
Authors:   , Raj Saurabh
Published: October 2023

This thesis is devoted to the study of mechanochemistry of single cells and single biomolecules. Mechanochemistry relates to the association of mechanical and chemical occurrence at the molecular level. Using a combination of microrheological measurements and Raman spectroscopy based on optical tweezers we have shown how the molecular structures of single living cells and biomolecules are coupled with mechanical deformations.
The basic questions to respond in this work are: (i) How does a cell or a biomolecule detect an external force? (ii) How do the viscoelastic properties of living cells and biomolecules depend on its environment? (iii) How does the structure of the cell or biomolecules change because of the external force?
We use microrheology to detect the response of single cells (or biomolecules) to an external force. Two point microrheology is applied to study these samples - both in their relax configuration and in a stress situation when a known external force is applied. We are able to find non-linearities in mechanical response of RBC and DNA molecules subjected to an external load. In both the cases, an increase in elastic stiffness of the system is observed with increase in the force.
To detect changes in the molecular structures of DNA or a cell as a result of an applied mechanical load, Raman spectroscopy is used. Raman signals from biomolecules are rich and complex in nature and are accompanied with several noises. Hence processing of data is an important aspect in Raman spectroscopy. For gaining in-depth information regarding the behavior of the molecule under study, we used statistical techniques such as principal component analysis and 2D correlation spectroscopy.
Raman measurement of single DNA, with excitation optical beam focused by conventional optics, is almost impossible owing to very small thickness of DNA and inherent low efficiency of Raman scattering. To overcome this difficulty, we used additional optical phenomena - Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique. With implementation of SERS, we were able to detect signals from single DNA molecule. Our study presents substantial findings that describe the structural changes of the phosphate backbone when DNA is extended in the entropic force regime. The current belief is that such forces are balanced by lowering DNA entropy via unfolding as the molecule is extended. While this is accurate, we observe structural movement at the bond level when the single biomolecule is extended at these low forces. This revelation has never been measured directly or predicted theoretically. The result gives a different view of DNA mechanical properties. We confirm and substantiate our experimental results with molecular dynamics simulations.
Ultracold atoms in artificial gauge fields
Authors:   , Grass Tobias
Published: October 2023

The present thesis studies a variety of cold atomic systems in artificial gauge fields. In the first part we focus on fractional quantum Hall effects, asking whether interesting topological states can be realized with cold atoms. We start by making a close connection to solid-state systems and first consider fermionic atoms with dipolar interactions. Assuming the system to be in the Laughlin state, we evaluate the energy gap in the thermodynamic limit as a measure for the robustness of the state. We show that it can be increased by additionally applying a non-Abelian gauge field squeezing the Landau levels. We then switch to bosonic systems with repulsive contact interactions. Artificial magnetic fields for cold bosons have extensively been discussed before in the context of rotating Bose gases. We follow a different approach where the gauge field is due to an atom-laser coupling. Thus, transitions between different dressed states have to be included. They are shown to break the cylindrical symmetry of the system. Modifying the Laughlin state and the Moore-Read state accordingly, we determine the parameter regimes where they are good representations for the ground state of the system obtained via exact diagonalization. One of the most interesting feature of fractional quantum Hall states is the anyonic behavior of their excitations. We therefore also study quasiholes in the Laughlin state and the modified Laughlin state. They are shown to posses anyonic properties, which become manifest even in small systems. Moreover, the dynamics of a single quasihole causes visible traces in the density of the system which allow to clearly distinguish the Laughlin regime from less correlated phases. In the latter, a sequence of collapses and revivals of the quasihole can be observed, which is absent in the Laughlin regime. Extending our study to bosonic systems with a pesudospin-1/2 degree of freedom, we discuss the formation of strongly correlated spin singlets. Strikingly, at filling v=4/3, the system is described by a state with non-Abelian excitations, which is constructed as the zero-energy ground state of repulsive three-body contact interactions. Systems with internal degrees of freedom also allow for implementing artificial spin-orbit coupling. It is shown to give rise to a variety of incompressible states. In the second part of the thesis, we concentrate on condensed system. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling are shown to have a degeneracy on the mean-field level, which is lifted by quantum and thermal fluctuations. The system becomes experimentally feasible in three dimensions, where the condensate depletion remains finite, and thus allow for an experimental observation of this order-by-disorder mechanism. Finally, we study the influence of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields on the quantum phase transitions of bosons in a square optical lattice. Re-entrant superfluid phases and superfluids at finite momenta are interesting properties featured by such systems.
Continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and frequency conversion sources from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared
Authors:   , Devi Kavita
Published: October 2023

High-power, continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), from the ultraviolet (UV) and visible to the near- and mid-infrared (IR) wavelength range, are of interest for a variety of applications such as spectroscopy, trace-gas detection and remote sensing. As such, it is desired to investigate OPOs and different frequency conversion techniques, to cover the spectral regions that are inaccessible to lasers, and that too in a compact and low-cost design.
This thesis presents the development of high-power cw OPOs, and frequency conversion sources, spanning the UV to mid-IR spectral range, employing different designs, experimental configurations and nonlinear crystals, making them compact and cost-effective. Commercial high-power cw lasers at 1940 nm, 1064 nm and 532 nm have been exploited as the pump sources, in the work presented in this thesis.
We have demonstrated a fiber-based cw source at 970 nm, in a simple and practical design. Using direct single-pass second-harmonic-generation (SHG), 13.1 W of output power at 970 nm has been generated in a high-beam-quality,
narrow-linewidth, linearly-polarized beam. Further, a technique based on the use of an antiresonant ring (ARR) interferometer for the attainment of optimum output coupling in a cw singly-resonant OPO has been investigated. The technique was deployed in a Yb-fiber-laser-pumped cw OPO based on MgO:PPLN. To extend the tunability of the 1-µm-pumped OPO from the mid-IR to near-IR, SHG of the intracavity signal has been performed in fanout-grating MgO:sPPLT. This compact cw source, tunable across 775¿807 nm, provides >3 W of near-infrared power across 56% of SHG tuning range, in high spatial beam quality. We have also generated output in the UV, down to 355 nm, using single-pass configuration based on sum-frequency-generation of fundamental at 1064 nm and the generated SHG at 532 nm, in BiB3O6. Further, we demonstrated an architecture comprising two cw OPOs coupled together with an ARR interferometer, generating two pairs of signal and idler wavelengths, that can be independently and arbitrarily tuned to indefinitely close spacing, through degeneracy, and beyond, across the wavelength range of 870-1370 nm. The OPOs, based on identical MgO:sPPLT crystals, were pumped by a single cw laser at 532 nm. On the other hand, we also demonstrated active mode-locking of cw OPOs using direct low-frequency electrooptic phase-modulation (EOM), opening up the possibility of avoiding the need for ultrafast laser sources and synchronous pumping. We have generated picosecond pulses in doubly- and singly-resonant configuration. Also, a technique based on the deployment of the EOM in combination with an ARR interferometer internal to the cw OPO has been investigated for active modelocking.