bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐Assisted Cobalt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling under Neat Condition
Authors: Pal Adwitiya , Majumdar Adrija , Sau Subham , Thakur Arunabha
Published: January 2025

Herein, we present a sustainable and atom‐economical approach for the synthesis of quinazolinones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) using earth‐abundant Co‐salt, (CoCl2) as the catalyst under neat condition. This method is distinguished by its green credentials, like, solvent‐free, microwave‐assisted heating, cost‐effective, use of renewable alcohols, and generating only H2 and water as byproducts. Remarkably, this protocol achieves quinazolinone synthesis without the need for external ligands, oxidants, or additional additives. Two synthetic pathways were developed: one involving the coupling of alcohols with 2‐aminobenzamide, and the other with N‐phenyl‐substituted 2‐aminobenzamides and its derivative. The scalability of this method, demonstrated through gram‐scale synthesis, highlights its potential for industrial applications. Mechanistic insights were explored through control experiments, intermediate detection by HRMS, and Hammett analysis, shedding light on the plausible reaction pathway.
Robustness analysis for switched cyber‐physical systems via logical networks
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Zhang Wenxin , Li Haitao
Published: January 2025

This paper presents robustness analysis for a kind of switched cyber‐physical systems in view of input‐output dynamical stability. At first, the underly definitions of switched systems and the input–output dynamical stability of switched systems are proposed. Secondly, an algorithm, which is aimed to transform the given switched finite systems into switched logical networks, is constructed and input–output dynamical stability between them is analyzed. Thirdly, with the help of approximate simulation relation, the switched infinite systems are approximated as switched finite systems, and input–output dynamical stability between them is also analyzed. Then, input–output dynamical stability of the given switched cyber‐physical systems is analyzed via the aforementioned results. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify whether all the results are correct.
Feasibility and acceptability of Body Signal Integration training for Functional Neurological Disorder (FND): A case series
Authors: Panchmatia Krishna , Poliakoff Ellen , Brown Richard J.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and often disabling condition, but existing treatments are limited and often do not target relevant underlying mechanisms. This study piloted a manualised intervention package—Body Signal Integration (BSI) training—designed to improve interoception and mind–body integration in individuals with FND. The primary aim was to determine feasibility and acceptability of delivering BSI. A secondary aim was to gather preliminary evidence regarding whether BSI is associated with reductions in FND symptoms and distress.

Methods

A case series of BSI was conducted with eight individuals with FND. Baseline, weekly and one‐month follow‐up self‐report measures were completed. Feasibility was assessed by attendance and protocol adherence. Acceptability was evaluated using a self‐report measure. Weekly clinical outcome measures were completed.

Results

Seven of eight participants completed therapy with a total attendance rate of 98%. There were no unanticipated side effects or adverse events during therapy. High ratings on all items on the satisfaction questionnaire indicated treatment acceptability. Improvements in somatic symptoms, interoceptive awareness and quality of life were observed in some, but not all, participants. Five participants reported clinically important improvements in interoceptive awareness.

Discussion

This preliminary study suggests that BSI is feasible and acceptable for use in FND. Clinical outcomes indicate that BSI could improve interoceptive sensibility and reduce experiences of somatic symptoms for some people with FND, but variation in outcomes suggests that the treatment may be suitable for some people more than others. Qualitative process evaluation of the treatment is recommended.
Perspectives of Psychotherapists Regarding Psychedelic Assisted Therapy
Authors: Kinahan Seán , Wilson Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Background

This study explored the perspectives of trainees, recently qualified and experienced psychotherapists regarding psychedelic assisted therapy (PAT).

Aims

The aim was to capture meaning, concerns and opportunities of PAT and understand what it means for the field of psychotherapy and to contribute to the growing body of literature on its development and inform subsequent research.

Material and Methods

The study was based on qualitative research capturing the perspectives of a range of counsellors via a questionnaire, two interviews and a focus group comprised of five people, with the dataset being analysed using reflexive thematic analysis (TA; Thematic Analysis—A Practical Guide, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2022) to capture meaning, experiences and perceptions and to identify descriptive and interpretive themes.

Results

Themes relating to therapeutic relationship, safety, ownership and professionalisation were identified within the dataset.

Discussion

The findings from this study reveal a complex and multi‐layered understanding of PAT, where a range of factors, such as the therapist's experience, the therapeutic relationship, safety concerns and issues of ownership and professionalisation, are all central. The themes demonstrated how counsellors are already aware of, interested in and curious about development in PAT and indicated a sense of inevitability of PAT becoming a professionalised part of the field of psychotherapy.

Conclusion

The study concludes that while there are understandable and relevant concerns about safety, there is also a growing body of quality research and recommendations for safe and harm reducing processes and opportunities for psychotherapy bodies to lead the way and ensure the approach of PAT is a professional one underpinned by research, harm reduction, ethical standards and a sensitivity towards its Indigenous roots.
Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Imidazo[2,1‐b]Thiazole Chalcone Derivatives: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Azzouzi Mohamed , Boutaybi Mohamed El , Majidi El Hassan El , Timinouni Mohammed , Khattabi Lamiae El , Dioukhane Khadim , Fait Sofia , Oussaid Adyl
Published: January 2025

In recent years, imidazothiazole–chalcone conjugates have emerged as notable pharmacophores with potential applications in discovering biologically active compounds. This study focuses on synthesizing novel imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole chalcone derivatives through a facile and conventional process adhering to several principles of green chemistry, facilitating scalable production. The synthesized compounds underwent comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC–MS, and FT‐infrared (IR) techniques. Theoretical FT‐IR and NMR analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and global reactivity descriptors were calculated and interpreted. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface, Mulliken atomic charge, electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were analyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. In addition, computational docking studies were performed to gain further insights into molecular interactions and found to support the results.
Breaking New Ground: A Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica (NMOSD) in Ethiopian Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Belete Yegzeru , Kuma Abera , Habtamu Wasyihun , Fulas Munewer , Girma Abdulkerim , Tadesse Sinetibeb , Anegagregn Amanuel
Published: January 2025

This case series highlights the diverse presentations of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, including the absence of optic neuritis despite anti‐aquaporin 4 antibody positivity. It emphasizes the importance of high index of suspicion, early neurologist referral for improved outcomes, the consequences of delayed referral, and the challenges and treatment potential in low‐income countries with limited resources.
I had a dream
Authors: Perbal Bernard
Published: January 2025

Expressing hopes and desires is an essential part of communication, and communication is the major pillar of the Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. There comes the time of giving the responsibility of leading JCCS to a new editor in chief and I am taking this opportunity to comment on a few recent milestones and future of the journal which I created in 2007, after I had created “Cell Communication and Signaling” 20 years ago (1), one of the first open access journals.
In Situ Characterization of Competitive (De)Lithiation in Silicon/Graphite Composite Electrodes via Electrode Curvature Measurement
Authors: Li Min , Liu Huibing , Song Yicheng , Lu Bo , Zhang Junqian
Published: January 2025

In silicon/graphite (Si/Gr) composite electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries, which have recently garnered significant attention, the competitive (de)lithiation between Si and Gr is recognized as crucial for understanding the internal electrochemical processes. In this work, an in‐situ method to characterize this competitive behavior is proposed, utilizing a self‐developed electrode curvature measurement system. After validating the parallel electrode configuration and the model battery, curvature measurements are simultaneously conducted on the parallel Si and Gr cantilevered electrodes throughout electrochemical cycling. Subsequently, by calibrating the correlation between capacity and curvature of the Gr electrode, the capacity evolution of Si and Gr within the Si/Gr electrode is determined, shedding light on the underlying competitive (de)lithiation behavior. During lithiation, the process transitions from “Si‐dominant” to “Gr‐dominant” and eventually reaching a “synchronous” stage. For delithiation, it moves from “Gr‐dominant” to “Si‐dominant”. The method proposed in this work, based on the measurement of macroscopic electrode deformation, offers a novel perspective for characterizing competitive (de)lithiation in electrodes with multiphase active materials.
Treatment of focal anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 studies
Authors: Armstrong Amy E. , Daw Najat C. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Geller James I. , Kalapurakal John A. , Khanna Geetika , Paulino Arnold C. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Gow Kenneth W. , Warwick Anne B. , Grundy Paul E. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Dome Jeffrey S. ,   the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 Study Committees
Published: January 2025

Background

In the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, patients received vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) without radiation for stage I focal anaplastic Wilms tumor (FAWT) and VA plus doxorubicin (DD4A) and radiation for stage II–IV FAWT. Four‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for stage I FAWT were 67.5% and 88.9% and for stage IV FAWT were 61.4% and 71.6%, respectively. Therapy intensification for stage I and IV FAWT was evaluated as secondary objectives in AREN0321.

Methods

Central review in the AREN03B2 Renal Tumors Classification, Biology, and Banking Study confirmed patient stage and tumor histology. Patients were then enrolled in AREN0321 and received DD4A with radiation for stage I–III FAWT and vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (UH‐1/revised UH‐1) with radiation for stage IV FAWT. Outcomes of patients with FAWT who were treated in AREN0321 (n = 25) and in AREN03B2 (n = 20) treated as per AREN0321 were analyzed.

Results

In the pooled data analysis from AREN0321 and AREN03B2, 4‐year EFS and OS were both 100% for stage I–II FAWT (n = 21), 82.4% (95% CI, 66.1%–100%) and 87.8% (95% CI, 73.4%–100%) for stage III FAWT (n = 17), respectively, and both 85.7% (95% CI, 63.3%–100%) for stage IV FAWT (n = 7). Four patients enrolled in AREN0321 had events: treatment failure occurred in three patients with stage III FAWT, and one treatment‐related death was observed in a patient with stage IV FAWT following revised UH‐1. No EFS or OS events occurred in patients with FAWT enrolled in AREN03B2 only.

Conclusions

Patients with stage I and II FAWT have outstanding survival when treated with DD4A and radiation. Intensification of therapy may have improved survival for stage IV FAWT, albeit with an increased toxicity risk.
Relating spatial turfgrass quality to actual evapotranspiration for precision golf course irrigation
Authors: Meza Karem , Torres‐Rua Alfonso F. , Hipps Lawrence , Kopp Kelly , Straw Chase M. , Kustas William P. , Christiansen Laura , Coopmans Calvin , Gowing Ian
Published: January 2025

Golf courses are increasingly affected by water scarcity and climate change. An understanding of spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and turfgrass quality (TQ) site‐specific management zones (SSMZ) is important for the implementation of precision turfgrass management. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to quantify the relationship between remotely sensed TQ and ETa estimates and to evaluate the spatial variations of TQ and ETa at a golf course in Utah. Ground‐based normalized difference vegetation index was collected using a TCM‐500 sensor, and aerial multispectral and thermal imagery data were acquired from unpiloted aircraft systems (UAS) in 2021, 2022, and 2023. A remote sensing TQ‐random forest (RF) model was developed using six datasets of UAS spectral indices and the RF algorithm. The spatial data were analyzed to determine the correlation between TQ and ETa estimates. The TQ and ETa SSMZ were created and integrated with irrigation heads on the golf course using the Thiessen polygons tool. Results demonstrated that TQ‐RF model was accurate within a root mean square error of 0.05. The correlation between TQ‐RF and ETa was stronger for fairways (R2 = 0.74), tees (R2 = 0.66), and roughs (R2 = 0.75) as compared to greens (R2 = 0.25) and the driving range (R2 = 0.36) on July 20, 2022. Actual evapotranspiration SSMZ, in combination with TQ‐RF SSMZ, is useful for irrigation scheduling, addressing the question of how much and where to irrigate. This study demonstrates the ability of TQ‐RF and ETa SSMZ to identify spatial variation for the purpose of landscape irrigation management in semi‐arid areas.
An in‐silico approach exploring sorghum source:sink balance across sorghum hybrids: How many leaves are enough?
Authors: Marziotte Lucia , Carcedo Ana J. P. , Mayor Laura , Prasad P. V. Vara , Peraza Joaquín A. , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: January 2025

Previous literature documented an imbalance for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] between source (leaves) and sink (grains), favoring the source. Therefore, reducing leaf number, anticipating maturity, and placing the dry‐down with more favorable environment might be advantageous for producers to fit another crop in the rotation. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate via in‐silico the effects of leaf removal during the grain filling and (2) explore those impacts using a field dataset for sorghum yield. For the first objective, the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) sorghum model was tested with four hybrids across 12 locations in the United States (2015–2023) resulting in an RRMSE (relative root mean squared error) of 25% for yield. As a second step, an APSIM defoliation module was developed using field data of one site‐year, demonstrating an RRMSE of 17% for yield. As a last step, the model was used to simulate the effect of sequential defoliations on yield, across 38 years of weather data (1984–2022), without showing any yield penalties when removing up to four leaves after flowering. Leaf area removal after flowering indicated a positive imbalance in source:sink ratio (i.e., source excess). For the second objective, a field dataset from 21 sorghum hybrids with different attainable leaf numbers and cycle duration did not result in significant yield differences. Early maturity hybrids with fewer leaves give farmers the opportunity to intensify crop sequences. Less focus in sorghum improvement for early relative to late maturing hybrids has been reported; therefore, there is still ample room for future yield gains.
A Three‐Port Quadratic Step‐Up DC–DC Converter With High Gain and Continuous Input Current
Authors: Karimi Hajiabadi Mostafa , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Mosallanejad Ali , Salemnia Ahmad
Published: January 2025

This article presents a new three‐port step‐up DC–DC converter with two input ports and one output terminal. This converter structure achieves a higher voltage conversion ratio and better switching device power (SDP) than its multi‐input counterpart circuits. Using the “quadratic” approach to reach high voltage gains and discarding coupled inductors from the topology have avoided voltage spikes on power switches, resulting in higher efficiency compared to other hard‐switched multi‐input counterparts. In addition, the proposed converter can transmit power from one or both inputs to the output, from the output to the inputs, or between the inputs. Besides, common ground and continuous input current for all input ports are two distinct features of the suggested topology that most multi‐input converter structures lack. This paper thoroughly explains the converter operation and confirms its performance using laboratory experiments on a 200‐W hardware prototype. This new topology has been compared with existing competitors, considering several indicators. Comparative studies show that the proposed topology outperforms in terms of gain and SDP. Laboratory results validate the above achievements and exhibit that the maximum achievable efficiency by this method is 94.1%. This converter is suggested for electric vehicles and microgrid applications.
Novel gel‐immersion endoscopic injection sclerotherapy method for prophylactic hemostasis of esophageal varices: A pilot feasibility and safety study (with video)
Authors: Sugawara Noriaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Mori Yosuke , Takayama Kazuki , Sasaki Shun , Nakajima Noriyuki , Tanaka Hironori , Hakoda Akitoshi , Harada Satoshi , Ota Kazuhiro , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: January 2025

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) is a useful prophylactic hemostatic procedure for esophageal varices. However, injecting sclerosing agents into blood vessels is technically challenging and often ineffective. Gel‐immersion EIS (GI‐EIS) may facilitate easier intravascular sclerosing agent injection by dilating the varices and enhancing scope stability by maintaining low intra‐gastrointestinal pressure. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. This retrospective study included 18 patients (14 men and four women; median age, 70 years; age range, 18–83 years) who underwent GI‐EIS at Osaka Medical Pharmaceutical University Hospital between December 1, 2022, and January 30, 2024. Patients who were at least 18 years of age at the time of treatment were included. No patients were excluded from the study. Thirty‐four punctures were performed. The donor vessel angiography success rate was 88.2% (30 of 34 punctures). The clinical success rate was 94.4% (17 of 18 patients). Esophageal varices in most patients disappeared or were reduced by 1 month after treatment. Adverse events related to the procedure included fever (three patients) and chest pain (one patient); however, both were resolved with conservative treatment. No respiratory deterioration due to aspiration occurred during the procedure. The results of this study demonstrate that GI‐EIS is a safe, clinically feasible, and effective treatment option for prophylactic hemostasis of esophageal varices.
Ecohydrological Conditions in Urban Wells and Patterns of Invertebrate Fauna Distribution (Kraków, Poland)
Authors: Dumnicka Elzbieta , Galas Joanna , Krodkiewska Mariola , Pociecha Agnieszka , Żelazny Mirosław , Biernacka Anna , Jelonkiewicz Łukasz
Published: January 2025

Groundwaters are threatened by various kinds of contaminants, especially in cities. The results of an ecohydrological analysis (hydrobiological, chemical and geological) conducted in 91 urban wells in Kraków showed their effect on fauna composition and abundance. In 74 wells, the presence of invertebrates, chiefly characteristic for surface water, as well as Collembola was stated. Copepoda were found in 40 wells, whereas Nematoda, Annelida and Diptera larvae were found at over a dozen sites. Microturbellaria, Rotifera, Ostracoda and Amphipoda were present in only a few wells. The aim of this article was to find the patterns of invertebrates' distribution in the wells to further understanding of their relationships with groundwater chemistry and the geological background. This is especially important in light of the anthropogenic pollution occurring in wells and the desired attainment of the good ecological status of groundwater. According to Student's t‐test, the presence of fauna did not depend on the studied environmental factors, whereas Pearson correlations showed that total fauna abundance and Copepoda occurrence positively correlated with water temperature which was higher in the city in comparison to that in rural wells. The value of the Shannon–Wiener index and the number of taxa negatively correlated with the well's depth. High variations of water chemical parameters caused by mixed lithology and hydrogeology as well as spotty contamination may affect the occurrence of fauna.
Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management Among Indigenous Children and Youth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanmiki Edmund Wedam , Fatima Yaqoot , Duong Thuy Linh , Von Senden Roslyn , Ushula Tolassa W. , Mamun Abdullah A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Indigenous populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To contribute towards addressing this health disparity, evidence‐based culturally appropriate interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review examines interventions designed to improve the prevention and management of T2DM among Indigenous children and youth.

Methods

A comprehensive search of five electronic databases was carried out in February 2023 to identify relevant studies published in English. We included studies of all designs involving Indigenous children and youth under 25 years of age. An adapted version of the National Institute of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for pre‐post intervention studies was used for quality assessment. Due to the heterogeneity of methods used by reviewed publications, the convergent integrated approach developed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for mixed‐method systematic reviews was employed in the analysis. Prospero registration ID: CRD42023423671.

Results

The search identified 1127 publications, and 25 studies with a total of 4594 participants from four countries were eligible after screening. Notably, most (80%) originated from North America. Most interventions involved < 100 participants and lasted 6 months or less (58%). While knowledge and behaviours improved for most interventions, longer and culturally responsive interventions, often combining both community and school‐based elements, demonstrated a greater effect on key anthropometrics and biomarkers associated with the risk of T2DM.

Conclusion

This review highlights the urgent need for more research to address T2DM among Indigenous youth. Future research should prioritise culturally appropriate, long‐term interventions that engage communities and empower Indigenous youth to make healthy choices.
Estimating Rapid Diversity Changes During Acute Herbicide Contamination Using Environmental DNA
Authors: Loria Alessandra , Tournayre Orianne , Hébert Marie‐Pier , da Costa Naíla Barbosa , Fugère Vincent , Barrett Rowan D. H. , Beisner Beatrix E. , Gonzalez Andrew , Cristescu Melania E.
Published: January 2025

The biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems globally is facing severe threats due to various anthropogenic stressors, such as habitat degradation, introduction of invasive species, and pollution. Assessing the effects of human‐induced environmental stressors on population and community persistence requires accurate biodiversity estimates. While environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a promising tool, its effectiveness in capturing rapid biodiversity responses to acute stressors across levels of biological organization (community, population, and intra‐specific levels) remains to be investigated. In this study, we tested the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding in assessing rapid changes in aquatic zooplankton and insect communities by conducting a two‐month mesocosm experiment with pulses of glyphosate‐based herbicide under contrasting nutrient levels (mesotrophic and eutrophic). We examined the effects of treatments on community assemblages, family richness, and intraspecific diversity, and compared our findings with those obtained through a microscopy approach. Metabarcoding revealed partially congruent ecological findings with microscopy, indicating its potential in assessing rapid community changes. The herbicide induced shifts in community composition and differentially impacted zooplankton and insect family richness (increase in insects, and decrease in crustaceans and rotifers), suggesting a gradient of tolerance to the herbicide among taxa and potential top‐down regulation by insect larvae that may counteract the advantage gained by herbicide‐tolerant zooplankton. Finally, we showed that nutrient enrichment exacerbated the negative effects of the herbicide on intraspecific diversity, highlighting concerns about genetic erosion. Our findings underscore the complexity of responses to herbicide and nutrient enrichment in freshwater ecosystems. We conclude that eDNA metabarcoding can not only be used to estimate rapid changes in invertebrate communities but also provides additional value by offering a broader perspective on diversity dynamics and potential cascading effects at different scales of biological organization.
Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on S, N‐Heteroacene Non‐Fullerene Acceptors with Unfused Architecture A‐D‐D‐A‐Type
Authors: Keshtov Muchamed , Khokhlov Alexei , Shikin Dmitri , Liu Jun , Kalinkin Dmitri , Alekseev Vladimir , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: January 2025

In this study, two distinct unfused non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are synthesized by arranging them in an A‐D‐D‐A pattern, both containing same D‐D central S, N‐heteroacene but different terminal acceptors, namely BTA (NFA‐2) and IC (NFA‐3). Their optical and electrochemical properties are investigated. Both NFA‐2 and NFA‐3 display the high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, leading to an increased open circuit voltage in the organic solar cells. PBDB‐T is chosen as polymer donor, showing spectral absorption that complements both NFAs. The optimized organic solar cells, based on PBDB‐T:NFA‐2 and PBDB‐T:NFA‐3 attained power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and 13.50%, respectively. Since the absorption characteristics of NFA‐2 and NFA‐3 are complementary, a small amount of NFA‐2 is added into PBDB‐T:NFA‐3 binary blend, the ternary organic solar cells attained a power conversion efficiency of 15.24%. The rise in power conversion efficiency is linked to the higher values of both short circuit current and fill factor. The increased short circuit current value in ternary organic solar cells is linked to the efficient use of excitons produced in NFA‐2 by transferring energy from NFA‐2 to NFA‐3 and effective exciton dissociation, faster charge extraction, decreased bimolecular and trap‐assisted recombination. The enhanced value of FF is also linked to the processes mentioned earlier. This investigation shows that it is advantageous to use separate non‐fused NFAs with absorption spectra that complement each other and have overlapped PL spectra of a medium bandgap acceptor along with the absorption spectra of a narrow bandgap NFA in ternary organic solar cells.
CO2 Oil Displacement and Geological Storage Status and Prospects
Authors: Tan Fengqi , Jiang Ruihai , Ma Chunmiao , Jing Yuqian , Chen Kai , Lu Yu
Published: January 2025

CCUS‐enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology relies on the unique properties of CO2 gas in the process of efficient oil displacement while achieving effective storage, which has become one of the most economical and effective measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in today's society and is important for helping to realize the global strategic goal of carbon neutrality. Based on previous research results, this review presents the oil displacement and geological storage mechanisms of CO2 in micropores in the oil and gas fields, and summarizes their respective influencing factors. At the same time, it also summarizes the current research status of CO2‐EOR and geological storage from the perspectives of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of four key technologies namely, miscibility improvement, swept volume expansion, storage potential assessment and storage safety monitoring, and their field applications. On this basis, this review compares the development status of field applications in Developed Countries and China, analyzes the problems of CCUS‐EOR technology in theoretical research, technology research and development and project industrialization, and points out the future development directions. Results are presented that research on CO2‐EOR and geological storage in Developed Countries such as the United States started early and developed rapidly. A relatively complete industrial chain system has been formed, and the scale and number of CCUS‐EOR projects are far ahead those in China. In China, relevant research started relatively late and developed slowly at the early stage. In recent years, due to the notable attention given to climate change and carbon storage, development efforts in China have gradually intensified. At present, there are more than 20 large‐scale CCUS‐EOR demonstration projects in operation, which are preliminarily ready for industrial promotion. Notably, the world has continued to increase its attention to CCUS‐EOR projects based on national conditions, further improving policy guidance mechanisms, strengthening research and development efforts, promoting the construction of the full‐process industry chain, achieving large‐scale and refined development, and providing theoretical guidance and technical support for realizing the strategic goal of carbon neutrality.
Building Micro‐Foundations for Positive Workplace Relationships: Validation of a Strategic Relational Human Resource Management Measure
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gong Hao , Ouyang Can , Han Jian , Saks Alan M.
Published: January 2025

A growing number of studies have recognized the pivotal role of relational Human Resource Management (HRM) systems in fostering positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace. These systems are tailored to fulfill specific relational objectives through collective‐level mechanisms. However, there has been a notable neglect of strategies for establishing the general foundations of positive workplace relationships and the contributions of individual actors in relationship‐building activities. Drawing upon the multilevel micro‐foundational structure framework and strategic human capital theory, this study introduces and validates a new measure of strategic relational HRM (SRHRM) systems. This measure incorporates a set of interrelated HRM practices aimed at reinforcing individual employees' relational knowledge, skills, and abilities, which serve as micro‐foundations for the development and maintenance of workplace relationships. Our methodology encompasses a meticulous validation process for the SRHRM measure. This involves employing four diverse samples from North America and Asia to assess its content validity, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as criterion‐related validity. Our findings provide substantial support for the application of the SRHRM measure in future empirical investigations.
Evaluating the Association Between Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (Rs1801131 and Rs1801133) Gene Polymorphisms and Severity of Coronary Lesions in Patients With STEMI and NSTEMI: A Retrospective Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nazarzadeh Behnam , Ghazanfari Saeedeh sadat , Karimi Farzaneh , Moezibady Seyed ali , Salmani Fatemeh , Dastjerdi Kazem , Mohammadi Hamidreza
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Mounting evidence have implicated that rs1801131 and rs1801133, located in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, may emerge as novel biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD). The Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score is also an appropriate predictor for revascularization strategy in patients with complex CAD. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between rs1801131 and rs1801133 with the severity of coronary lesions in patients with ST‑Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non‑ST‑Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) based on the SYNTAX score.

Methods

This retrospective cross‐sectional study included 96 patients diagnosed with STEMI and NSTEMI from Razi University Hospital between April and September 2019. Ninety‐six patients were diagnosed with STEMI (N = 43) and NSTEMI (N = 53) were recruited from South Khorasan, Iran. The angiographical characteristics of CAD were defined by the SYNTAX score. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped for rs1801131 and rs1801133 using the TaqMan real‐time PCR method.

Results

The results of the one‐way analysis of variance indicated that there is no association between rs1801131 and rs1801133 with the severity of coronary lesions in patients with STEMI (p = 0.44) and NSTEMI (p = 0.91). However, the two‐way analysis of variance comparison and post‐hoc test demonstrated that rs1801133 in the presence of rs1801131 is correlated with the SYNTAX score in NSTEMI (p = 0.03) and total patients (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study reveals a significant association between the MTHFR polymorphism rs1801133 and CAD severity, particularly in NSTEMI patients. While rs1801131 showed no correlation, rs1801133 may serve as a valuable genetic biomarker for assessing CAD severity. Further research with larger populations is needed to confirm these findings.
Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sadr Seyed Saeed , Samimi‐Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Semnani Yousef , Adel Narges , Tajari Faezeh , Samani Nastaran
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

This study aimed to compare neurological soft signs (NSSs) in type 1 bipolar disorder (BD), bipolar spectrum (BS) patients, and their unaffected first‐degree relatives.

Methods

This descriptive cross‐sectional study involved participants referred to the Psychiatric Department of Imam Hossein Hospital. Five groups (n = 25): patients with type 1 BD, patients with BS, unaffected first‐degree relatives of the two groups, and a control group were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES).

Results

The analysis revealed that patients with bipolar I disorder had the highest NES scores, with significant group differences (F(4.120) = 10.36, p < 0.001). The Bonferroni correction identified bipolar I patients as the primary source of this difference, while other groups did not significantly differ. ANCOVA showed that age (F(1.123) = 3.92, p = 0.052) and gender (F(1.123) = 0.1, p = 0.75) had no significant influence on NES scores. However, all four NES subsets significantly contributed to the overall score, except for the sensory subset. Differences were significant between bipolar I patients and most other groups, except the BS group, which showed no significant differences from the rest. No correlation was found with age, gender, or age of disease onset.

Conclusion

The higher NSS severity in type I BD compared to BS and control groups highlights its potential link to the genetic and neurodevelopmental differences in BD type I. Further research is recommended.
Design, Scale‐Up, and Dynamic Simulation of a Patented Bayonet Reactor for Commercial Hydrogen Production via Sulfur‐Iodine Water Splitting
Authors: Yap Li Wei , Ong Wan Yi , Kolmetz Karl , Nandong Jobrun , Mohd Noraini , Siwayanan Parthiban
Published: January 2025

The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor is a key component of the iodine‐sulfur thermochemical cycle process. The design of the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor requires excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength performance. In this work, a patented reactor on a pilot scale was scaled up to an industrial scale. A plant equipment design for an industrial‐scale reactor was performed. Based on an integrated inherent safety design approach, it was determined that the optimal thickness was 110 mm, and the design passed all stress analysis tests. With a minimum targeted hydrogen production rate of 1000 kg/h, the process design yielded a reactor with a diameter of 7 m and a height of 30 m, while silicon carbide was chosen as the construction material. The scaled‐up reactor was dynamically simulated in MATLAB. Simulink demonstrated that both the reactor temperature and product flow rates successfully produced a stable response within 1.8 and 4 h of operation, respectively.
Patients with jumping sign exhibit rotational and bony structural abnormalities consistent with high‐grade J‐sign in recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Wang Daofeng , Liu Yang , Sun Jianzhong , Fu Qizhen , Lv Chengcheng , Yue Tian , Tang Zhengjie , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To propose a new sign of patellar maltracking in recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) and compare the differences in lower limb rotational and bony structural abnormalities among the different signs.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective study included 279 patients (mean age: 22 years; female: 81%) who underwent primary surgery for RPD over the past 4 years was performed. The patients were grouped based on the characteristics of patellar tracking: low‐, moderate‐ and high‐grade J‐sign. Patients were further divided into ‘jumping’ and ‘gliding’ subgroups based on whether the patella exhibited a ‘jumping’ sign during flexion–extension motion. All patients received bilateral standard hip–knee–ankle CT scans. The rotational and bony structural parameters of affected knees were measured, and the differences in these variables among the groups were described and analyzed. Reliability analysis was performed to test the consistency of J‐sign grading and measurements.

Results

There were 92, 100 and 87 patients in the low‐, moderate‐ and high‐grade J‐sign, respectively. The overall incidence of the jumping sign is 37%. The incidence of the ‘Jumping sign’ in the high‐grade J‐sign was significantly higher than in the other two groups (82% vs. 32% vs. 0, p < 0.001). Compared to those with the gliding sign, patients with the jumping sign have higher proportions of increased femoral anteversion (40.8% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.004), excessive knee torsion (61.2% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001), trochlear dysplasia (95.1% vs. 69.3%, p < 0.001), pronounced supratrochlear spur (73.1% vs. 32.3%, p < 0.001), increased tibial tuberosity‐trochlear groove distance (68% vs. 43.3%, p < 0.001), flatter lateral trochlear inclination (81.3% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001) and excessive sulcus angle (68.7% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.003). No significant morphological differences were found in various bony structural parameters between knees with jumping sign and high‐grade J‐sign (all p > 0.05). The inter‐observer reliability kappa values were 0.65 for the quadrant classification and 0.83 for the new patellar sign.

Conclusion

In RPD patients, the rotational and bony structural abnormalities in the jumping sign are highly consistent with the high‐grade J sign. This finding may assist the surgeon and their patients in making informed decisions about further imaging tests and osteotomy procedures in the treatment of RPD.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, cross‐sectional study.
Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Abandoned Paddy Fields With Different Fertilization Histories
Authors: Xu Risheng , Li Ke , Chen Anlei , Chen Yanlong , Sheng Rong , Chen Chunlan , Qin Hongling , Zhang Wenzhao , Liu Yi , Rodríguez Heriberto Vargas , Kanaparti Dheeraj , Zhu Baoli
Published: January 2025

The abandonment of cultivated fields notably affects soil characteristics. However, its impact on soil microbial community composition, particularly under different fertilization regimes, remains poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of abandoned paddy fields with different fertilization histories (no fertilization, NK, NP, and NPK) on the abundance, composition, and their predicted function of soil bacteria and fungi. Our findings revealed that the abandonment led to a considerable decrease in soil bacterial and fungal biomass. Fertilization history and abandonment each significantly affected on the bacterial community, resulting in increased relative proportions of Acidobacteria and decreased relative proportions of Proteobacteria in the NP and NPK treatments compared to those in the CK and NK treatments. The fungal community only exhibited a notable response to abandonment, with variations in the relative abundance of Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, and Basidiomycota. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed the significant association between soil bacterial community and pH, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, whereas the pH and NO3−–N were key drivers of fungal community variations in abandoned soils. Network analysis indicated that abandonment enhanced the complexity but decreased the stability of the bacterial community, while fungi exhibited the opposite trend. Our findings highlight that changes in bacterial functions caused by residual nutrients, particularly high residual phosphorus, may accelerate soil organic C decomposition. Overall, this study provides a novel insight into the shifts in soil bacterial and fungal communities and their ecological functions after the abandonment of cultivated fields.
Additive Manufacturing and Functionalization of Hollow Polypropylene Sorbents for Water Remediation
Authors: Zheng Jian , Robertson Mark , Patil Nikhil A. , Park Jay Hoon , Qiang Zhe
Published: January 2025

As the demand for clean water intensifies, developing effective methods for removing pollutants from contaminated sources becomes increasingly crucial. This work establishes a method for additive manufacturing of functional polymer sorbents with hollow porous features, designed to enhance interactions with organic micropollutants. Specifically, core–shell filaments are used as the starting materials, which contain polypropylene (PP) as the shell and poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) as the core, to fabricate 3‐dimensional (3D) structures on‐demand via material extrusion. After 3D printing, the cores of the printed roads are removed through solvent extraction, creating hollow structures that increase accessible surface area for adsorption. Subsequently, a sulfonation‐induced crosslinking reaction installs sulfonic acid functionalities into the PP backbones, while enhancing their chemical stability. It is found that larger voids, and thinner polymer shells, enable improved structural retention during the sulfonation through limiting reaction‐induced stresses. The hollow sulfonated PP sorbents exhibit a strong affinity against cationic pollutants. Specifically, larger voids within these structures not only improve structural integrity but also result in accelerated adsorption kinetics by maximizing accessible surface area, thereby enhancing pollutant removal efficiency. This work provides a promising solution for advanced structured sorbent fabrication with hollow architectures, leading to more effective solutions for water contaminant removal in the future.
LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 Facilitates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Stemness by Enhancing PKD1 mRNA Stability Through Binding With MSI2
Authors: He Chenkun , Liu Rongrong , Zhou Tianli
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health concern that accounts for more than 80% of all primary hepatic carcinomas. The long noncoding RNA FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5‐AS1) has been linked to HCC cell stemness and proliferation. However, the exact function of FGD5‐AS1 in HCC remains unclear. Cell viability and proliferation were examined using the CCK8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Cell stemness was examined using a sphere formation assay. To investigate the relation between Musashi 2 (MSI2) and FGD5‐AS1 (or protein kinase D1 [PKD1]), RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays were used. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the function of FGD5‐AS1 in vivo. FGD5‐AS1, MSI2, and PKD1 were upregulated in the HCC tissues. FGD5‐AS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, and stemness of HCC cells and decreased the expression of MSI2, PKD1, octamer‐binding transcription factor 4, SOX2, NANOG, and Prominin‐1 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, FGD5‐AS1 increased PKD1 mRNA stability by upregulating MSI2 expression. Both MSI2 and PKD1 ameliorated sh‐FGD5‐AS1's inhibition of HCC cell viability, proliferation, and stemness. Furthermore, FGD5‐AS1 silencing inhibited HCC tumor growth and stemness in vivo. FGD5‐AS1 promotes the stemness of HCC cells by activating the MSI2/PKD1 axis. Our study provides a new theoretical foundation for the development of novel HCC treatments.
Miniaturized Intermediate‐Frequency Filter for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Kewei Qian , Miao Tian
Published: January 2025

A new type of intermediate‐frequency (IF) filter based on LTCC multilayer technology for BeiDou navigation satellite system is presented in this letter. By reasonably selecting the equivalent circuit value of each passive component, and separating the effective area of each inductance and capacitance to reduce the influence of parasitic coupling, an IF bandpass filter with a center frequency of only 46 MHz can be realized in a ceramic surface mount package. Besides, the locations of the transmission zeros can be tuned individually by changing the LC value of each resonant cell, thus a deep suppression level and wide stopband could be obtained simultaneously. The IF filter has a compact size of 10 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm, which is very suitable for the portable BeiDou B3 system.