bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duas contribuições de Lélia Gonzalez para a consolidação de um Feminismo Decolonial e Antirracista
Authors: Souza Roberta Bandeira de
Published: May 2024

Resumo: O artigo apresenta e discute duas contribuições de Lélia Gonzalez para a consolidação de um feminismo afro-latino-americano verdadeiramente comprometido com a ruptura dos mecanismos de opressões coloniais, bem como interessado na libertação de todos os seres humanos subalternizados pelo processo de colonização europeia. A primeira contribuição diz respeito à importância de se compreender a formação da sociedade brasileira em perspectiva decolonial, enquanto a segunda se refere à necessidade de os movimentos feministas incluírem as pautas raciais em suas agendas, a fim de se engajarem na luta antirracista.
Plant growth regulators and organic additives on the proliferation of protocorm-like bodies and plantlet regeneration of Cattleya gaskelliana (N.E.Br.) B.S.Williams
Authors: Hussien Muthab , Molkanova Olga Ivanovna , Raeva-Bogoslovskaya Ekaterina Nikolaevna , Sergeevich Makarov Sergey
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In this study, a tissue culture method was developed for the propagation and conservation of Cattleya gaskelliana (N.E.Br.) B.S. Williams. Initially, protocorms with leaf primordium, obtained via asymbiotic seed germination, were used as explants. Half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) and 2.0 mg L−1, indole butyric acid (IBA) was found to be optimal for the proliferation of protocorm-like bodies (PLB). Most explants (81%) proliferated, each producing 11.1 ± 1.87 units per explant. The optimum number of PLB differentiated to plantlets on a cultured medium with 0.5 mg L−1 Thidiazuron (TDZ) + 100 mL L−1 coconut water. Firmly rooted plantlets with vigorous growth were regenerated on ½ MS medium + 1.0 mg L−1 Indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) and 50 g L−1 banana puree. Plants regenerated via in vitro processes were wrapped with sphagnum moss and acclimatized in a substrate containing equal proportions of bark, perlite, and peat with a 100% ex-vitro survival rate after acclimation for 70 days. The protocol developed in this study can be used to obtain several thousand plants within one year, and thus, is an effective method.
The impact of saline and water stress on the agronomic performance of beet crops
Authors: Ribeiro R. M. R. , Sousa G. G. , Barbosa A. S. , Matos E. C. , Viana T. V. A. , Leite K. N. , Costa F. H. R. , Cambissa P. B. C. , Sales J. R. S. , Santos S. O.
Published: May 2024

Abstract Excessive salts in irrigation water and water stress have a negative impact on the productive yield of agricultural crops. In this regard, the objective was to evaluate the effect of combined saline and water stress on the agronomic performance of the beet crop. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, in Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design used was completely randomized with split-plots arrangement. The main plots were formed by the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1), while the irrigation depths of 50 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were the subplots, with 6 replications. Saline stress negatively affected growth, biomass, tuber root length, and productivity, while increasing the soluble solids of the beet crop. Excessive salts in the irrigation water caused reductions in physiological indices of the beet crop, although with less severity under the 100% ETc.
In vitro anti-leukemia, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of Lantana camara
Authors: Hoang T. C. , Nguyen M. T. , Nguyen T. Q. , Ho B. T. Q. , Nguyen H. T. , Ngo T. P. D. , Tran H. N. K. , Bui T. K. L.
Published: May 2024

Abstracts It has been demonstrated that Lantana camara possesses several therapeutic properties that can be used to treat various human diseases, including dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions, tetanus, malaria, and tumours. In this investigation, every collected part of L. camara was extracted with absolute methanol to examine its antioxidant capacity using the DPPH assay and its anti-leukemia activity on two AML cell lines, MOLM-13 and MV4-11. In addition, anti-inflammatory effectiveness was evaluated. The results show that extracts from various sections of L. camara have a significant ability to neutralize free radicals, as indicated by their EC50 values. Most of the extracts had values less than 100 μg/ml, with the flower extract having an even lower value of less than 50 μg/ml. Experiments on two AML cell lines showed that the anti-leukemia effects of the extracts were remarkable, with the most potent impact belonging to the root extract (IC50 was 9.78 ± 0.61 and 12.48 ± 1.69 for MOLM-13 and MV4-11 cell lines). The antitumor effect of the extracts was determined to be time- and dose-dependent and did not correlate with antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, when BJ cells were exposed to L. camara root and leaf extracts, their migratory potential was dramatically reduced compared to untreated cells. The extracts demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory capabilities by lowering NO production in LPS-induced BJ cells.
The growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities in two rearing systems
Authors: Santos R. F. B. , Zanella J. , Ferreira A. C. V. , Couto M. V. , Dias H. M. , Abe H. A. , Ramos F. M. , Paixão P. E. G. , Martins M. L. , Fujimoto R. Y. , Honorato C. A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study evaluated the growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities using two rearing systems. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design (4x2) with four stocking densities (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 g/L), two type of aquarium tanks (glass and ceramic aquariums), and four replicates. The experiment lasted 60 days using 148 juvenile fish (3.05 ± 0.09 g) randomly placed in 32 aquariums (50 L) equipped with filters and aeration. All fish received two meals a day ad libitum (8:00 and 16:00). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total ammonia were measured. At the end of the experiment, all fish were measured and weighed to determine growth performance and then subjected to parasitological analysis. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). No effects on growth performance at different stocking densities were observed. However, there was an increase in Capillaria pterophylli infestation in the high stocking density within ceramic aquariums. Thus, this study recommends the use of 1.0 g/L for the intensive aquaculture system of freshwater angelfish, and applying cleaning management to avoid parasite infestation, particularly in ceramic aquariums.
Osmotic regulators in cowpea beans plants under water deficiency
Authors: Martins J. T. S. , Costa T. C. , Machado L. C. , Ferreira R. L. C. , Nascimento V. R. , Braga D. G. , Brito A. E. A. , Nogueira G. A. S. , Souza L. C. , Medeiros J. C. A. , Silva T. M. , Jesus K. M. , Freitas J. M. N. , Okumura R. S. , Oliveira Neto C. F.
Published: May 2024

Abstract Cowpea is a leguminous plant belonging to the fabaceae family cultivated in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with productive potential. Among the abiotic factors, water deficiency is one of the main environmental limitations that influence agricultural production in the world. The objective of this work was to study the relative water content and osmoregulators of cowpea plants subjected to water stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA, Belém, PA), cowpea plants BR-17 Gurguéia Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp were used. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two times of stress (four and six days of water suspension), with 7 replications, totaling 28 experimental units. The water deficit affected plants, causing a reduction in relative water content (69.98%), starch (12.84% in leaves and 23.48% in roots) and carbohydrates (84.34%), and an increase in glycine-betaine, sucrose (114.11% in leaves and 18.71% in roots) and proline (358.86%) at time 2. The relative water content was negatively affected by water conditions, with a decrease in relation to the interaction of the aerial part and the root system. Therefore, greater metabolic responses were noted in plants that were subjected to stress treatment at time 2 (6 days).
Growth promotion in wheat seedlings altered by conditions in the culture medium of Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Pinto M. A. B. , Tabaldi L. A. , Stecca J. D. L. , Fipke G. M. , Nunes R. L. S. , Martin T. N.
Published: May 2024

Abstract Agricultural management using technologies that help farmers increase productivity and reduce production costs must be promoted to ensure agricultural sustainability. The objective of the study was to achieve the pH effect of growth solution, chemical treatment, use of osmoprotector additive and mineral nitrate presence, on the activity of growth promoting bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense, and its effects on the physiological quality of seeds and wheat seedling growth. The first experiment evaluated the physiological quality of seeds and the second experiment was divided into four, evaluating the growth of wheat seedling in a hydroponic system. The experiments were prolonged in a very randomized design, with four replications. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination tests, first germination count, length of the shoot and root and dry mass of the shoot and root. Initial growth was evaluated by quantifying the dry mass of the leaf shoot and root and the root system intervals. The pH of the solution and the presence of nitrogen did not influence the effects of inoculation of the A. brasilense bacteria. With the use of chemical treatment and osmoprotective additive, A. brasilense had no effect on the growth of wheat seedlings.
Fresh records on Ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Mohsin Mohsin Ullah , Yousafzai Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study was designed to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 1189 fish from six different sites were collected along the river and identified using standard keys. The fish collected and identified were representing 38 species, belonging to 7 families. The investigation spanned a year, from July 2021 to May 2022. The most dominant family was Cyprinidae 76% (n=906/1189), followed by Nemacheilidae 5.8% (n=69/1189), Channidae 5.2% (n=62/1189), Sisoridae 5.1% (n=61/1189), Mastacembelidae 4.9% (n=58/1189), Salmonidae 2.6% (n=31/1189) and least was Bagridae 0.17 (n=2/1189). The most abundant speices was Schizothorax plagiostomus with relative density of 16.8. Family Cyprinidae was represented by 21 species, Sisoridae by 7 species, Nemacheilidae by 5 species, Channidae by 2 species, while Bagridae, Salmonidae and Mastacembelidae, were each represented by a single species. PAST 3, XLSTAT and EXCEL 2019 were used for principal component analysis to study correlation of fish diversity and richness. Eigenvalue obtained from Kumrat to Busaq were 3.32, 1.01, 0.80, 0.44, 0.31 and 0.10 respectively. The higher value at Kumrat shows higher diversity. The water quality assessment showed average value of water temperature 10.4 ͦC, pH 7.0, electrical conductivity 184 mg/L, dissolved oxygen 7.9 mg/L, turbidity 43.73 mg/L, total dissolved solids 101 mg/L, total suspended solids 34.72 mg/L, total solids 135.53 mg/L, total alkalinity 75.77 mg/L, total hardness 58.37 mg/L, ammonia 0.46 mg/L, sulphate 26.03 mg/L, chloride 14.67 mg/L, calcium 69.11 mg/L, chromium 0.18 mg/L, copper 0.03, cobalt mg/L 0.04, nickel 0.039 mg/L, lead 0.02 mg/L and Zinc 0.35 mg/L. The findings of this study indicated that most of the physicochemical parameters remained within the acceptable limits throughout the study period. Analysis of fish gut contents included; nymphs, insect larvae, the presence of algae, protozoans and macroinvertebrates in the river ecosystem.
Measuring of the salivary immunoglobulin in Callithrix jacchus primates in captivity running title: salivary immunoglobulin in marmoset
Authors: Ferraz Myrna C. , Matos André V.R. , Ferreira João Carlos P. , Queiroz Carla M. , Oba Eunice
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: The primary antibody in the mucous membranes and exocrine glands is a polymetric secretory immunoglobulin A. This immunoglobulin has been used as an indicator of stress in various animals, including nonhuman primates, and can also be used to monitor immune activity. The secretory immunoglobulin A is predominantly found in seromucous secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum, milk, and liquor, as well as tracheobronchial, intestinal, and genitourinary secretions. This study aimed to measure the salivary IgA levels in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA). Twelve pairs of animals were used, previously conditioned by the operant conditioning technique with positive reinforcement to saliva collection. Samples were collected once a week for six months. In this experiment, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in Callithrix jacchus were very low. We suggest new studies using other techniques to quantify the IgA quantities in the saliva of these animals.
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) seed poisoning in cattle and use of liver biopsy to diagnose subclinical disease
Authors: Cavasani João P.S. , Dias Luana , Santos Ícaro G. , Garcia Daniela M. , Silva Wuglenya D.M. , Ferreira Dayanne L. , Colodel Edson M. , Furlan Fernando H.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Crotalaria spectabilis seed poisoning has been reported in cattle on rural properties in Diamantino and Campo Verde municipalities in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The disease appeared 75 to 120 days after the animals were fed a diet contaminated with C. spectabilis seeds. Clinically, the animals showed a lack of appetite, progressive weight loss, apathy, photosensitivity, lateral recumbency, and death. Some animals developed neurological manifestations as a consequence of hepatic encephalopathy. In total, 37 cattle died, and six cattle were necropsied. The main macroscopic changes consisted of ascites and a firm and decreased liver with an irregular surface and multifocal pale yellowish discoloration. Microscopically, hepatocyte loss with fibrosis, megalocytosis and bile duct proliferation was observed. Animals with severe hepatic damage also had status spongiosus in the central nervous system. Furthermore, a hepatic biopsy of 15 cows who consumed contaminated grains but did not develop clinical disease revealed histologic liver changes similar to necropsied animals.
Situación sociodemográfica y nutricional de menores de seis años del Resguardo Indígena Nasa, Iquira, Colombia
Authors: Chaux Juan David Dussán , Ramos-Castañeda Jorge Andrés , Calderón-Farfán Juan Camilo
Published: May 2024

Resumen Objetivos: identificar las condiciones sociodemográficas de la comunidad y determinar la prevalencia del estado nutricional de niños menores de seis años en el Resguardo Indígena Nasa Paéz, Rionegro-Huila, Colombia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal cuyos datos se obtuvieron de dos bases de datos, una de las condiciones sociodemográficas y otra de medidas antropométricas de niños menores de seis años. La muestra correspondió a la totalidad población menor seis años. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva utilizando el software R Studio 3.4. Resultados: el 98,6% de la población está inscrito en el sistema de salud. El consumo de agua proviene en un 71,6% de fuentes no potables. El 25,5% de la población tiene acceso a sistemas de eliminación de aguas residuales. En cuanto al estado nutricional, la prevalencia de retraso en el crecimiento y riesgo de retraso en el crecimiento es del 43,3% en la población menor de seis meses y del 69,4% en edad entre los seis meses a seis años. Además, el 34,3% de los niños menores de seis meses estaban en riesgo de tener sobrepeso. Conclusiones: las condiciones sociodemográficas están determinadas por diferentes inequidades, bajos niveles de educación, vivienda inadecuada, consumo de agua no potable, así como por una alta prevalencia de malnutrición infantil.
Sociodemographic and nutritional situation of children under six years of age in the Nasa Indigenous Reservation, Iquira, Colombia
Authors: Chaux Juan David Dussán , Ramos-Castañeda Jorge Andrés , Calderón-Farfán Juan Camilo
Published: May 2024

Abstract Objectives: identify the sociodemographic conditions of the community and determine the prevalence of the nutritional status of children under six years of age in the Nasa Paéz Indigenous Reserve, Rionegro-Huila, Colombia. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study whose data was obtained from two databases, one of sociodemographic conditions and other anthropometric measurements of children under six years of age. The sample corresponded to the total population of less than six years. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics using the R Studio 3.4 software. Results: 98.6% of the population is enrolled in the health system. Water consumption comes from 71.6% of non-potable sources. 25.5% of the population has access to wastewater disposal systems. Regarding nutritional status, the prevalence of delay in growth and risk of delay in growth is 43.3% in the population under six months and 69.4% in those aged between six months and six years. Furthermore, 34.3% of children under six months of age are at risk of being overweight. Conclusions: sociodemographic conditions are determined by different inequities, low education levels, inadequate housing, drinking water consumption, as well as a high prevalence of child malnutrition.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioinoculants on the postharvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit
Authors: Martins Bruna L. R. , Araújo Railene H. C. R. , Rocha Josinaldo L. A. , Silva Toshik I. da , Alves Kalinny de A. , Almeida Evanilson S. de , Ferreira Kaiki N.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is widely cultivated. It shows moderate tolerance to water deficit, but suffers yield losses in the arid and semi-arid regions where it is grown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPZnO), in association with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), on the post-harvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit. Two irrigation percentages relative to potential evapotranspiration-ETo (50 and 100% ETo) and five combinations involving NPZnO or PGPB were studied. Number of commercial fruits per plant and weight of commercial fruits per plant, diameter, length, skin color, firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/TA, vitamin C and total soluble sugars were evaluated. There was strong positive correlation between weight of commercial fruits per plant, SS/TA, total soluble sugars, titratable acidity, lightness and vitamin C in the treatments containing ZnSO₄, NPZnO and PGPB. Water deficit and nanoparticles containing zinc, associated or not with bacteria that promote plant growth, did not influence the weight and average size of the fruits and the post-harvest quality of the eggplant crop. Water deficit reduced the chromaticity and lightness of the skin color and the vitamin C content of eggplant.
Use of algae extract as an agent to mitigate salt stress in sunflower crop
Authors: Luna Nayara R. de S. , Bezerra Francisco M. L. , Lopes Fernando B. , Borges Francisca R. M. , Sousa Geocleber G. de , Noronha Valéria S. de , Lacerda Claudivan F. de
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT For the use of saline waters in agriculture to be a viable option, solutions must be adopted to mitigate the impacts caused by these waters. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the foliar application of algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract as a strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the production and post-harvest variables of the ‘BRS 324’ sunflower. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-split-plot arrangement, composed of four salinity levels of water (1.2, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and four doses of algae extract (0, 100, 150, and 200% of recommended dose) in two crop cycles, with four blocks. The 100% of the recommended dose (32 mg L-1) of the algae extract positively influenced the 1000-achenes weight (increases of 6.05 and 3.63% for the levels of 1.2 and 3.0 dS m-1, respectively) and the achene yield (increments of 7.07 and 4.59% for the levels of 1.2 and 3.0 dS m-1). The algae extract did not influence the oil and protein content and yield. The increase in salinity levels reduced all variables studied. Algae extract mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity on 1,000-achene weight and yield of achenes at the lowest water salinity level (1.2 dS m-1). The most effective dose of the algae extract to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on the 1,000-achene weight and achene yield was 100% (32 mg L-1) of the recommendation of the extract.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN OBSTETRIC NURSING CONSULTATIONS USING ULTRASOUND
Authors: Borborema Raquel Dias Botelho , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Brito Maria José Menezes , Santiago Géssyca Moreira , Flauzino Sandra do Nascimento Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how ultrasound tools are used in prenatal Nursing consultations from the perspective of obstetric nurses. Method: a descriptive and qualitative study carried out with ten obstetric nurses that use obstetric ultrasound in their Nursing consultations at a maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 1st and 4th, 2021. The Atlas.ti software was employed to process the results using Bardin's thematic content analysis. Results: the obstetric nurses expanded comprehensive care for pregnant women by implementing the use of ultrasound technology during Obstetric Nursing consultations, thus innovating the practices in Brazil. However, they faced countless challenges, which they overcame thanks to the positive results of improving obstetric and fetal care. Conclusion: using ultrasound technology in Obstetric Nursing consultations represents an advance in the Nursing practice, as it enables access and qualification to timely care, free of charge and through the Unified Health System. The support and encouragement of the institutional management strengthened obstetric nurses' professional autonomy, mediating the implementation of innovation. The study focus is added to the technological development employed in the everyday work of Brazilian Nursing, increasing resoluteness of decision-making in health problems.
AVANÇO TECNOLÓGICO NA CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM OBSTÉTRICA COM USO DE ULTRASSONOGRAFIA
Authors: Borborema Raquel Dias Botelho , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Brito Maria José Menezes , Santiago Géssyca Moreira , Flauzino Sandra do Nascimento Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender o uso da ferramenta ultrassonográfica na consulta de enfermagem de pré-natal sob a perspectiva das enfermeiras obstétricas. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma maternidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, com dez enfermeiras(os) obstétricas(os) que utilizam a ultrassonografia obstétrica na consulta de enfermagem. Entrevista individual, semiestruturada, realizada entre 1º e 4 de dezembro de 2021. Utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti para o tratamento dos resultados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Resultados: as enfermeiras obstétricas ampliaram o cuidado integral às gestantes, implementando a utilização da tecnologia ultrassonográfica durante a consulta de enfermagem obstétrica, inovando as práticas no Brasil. Entretanto, enfrentaram inúmeros desafios, que foram superados graças aos resultados positivos de qualificação do cuidado obstétrico e fetal. Conclusão: a utilização da tecnologia ultrassonográfica na consulta de enfermagem obstétrica significa um avanço na prática de enfermagem, pois possibilita acesso e qualificação ao cuidado em tempo oportuno, gratuitamente, pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. O apoio e o incentivo da gestão institucional fortaleceram a autonomia profissional das enfermeiras obstétricas, mediando a implementação da inovação. O foco do estudo soma-se ao desenvolvimento tecnológico empregado no cotidiano de trabalho da enfermagem brasileira, ampliando a resolubilidade da tomada de decisão aos agravos à saúde.
REFLEXIÓN COLABORATIVA DE DIDACTAS BASADA EN UN SELF-STUDY INTERINSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Martínez-Galaz Carolina , Henríquez-Rivas Carolina , Climent-Rodríguez Nuria , Vanegas-Ortega Carlos , Mejía-Aristizabal Luz
Published: May 2024

Resumen Se presenta un self-study exploratorio con cinco formadores de profesores especialistas en didáctica de las ciencias y de las matemáticas de diferentes países. Con el objetivo de caracterizar los procesos reflexivos de la comunidad, se realizan grupos de discusión en los que se analizan grabaciones de aulas de los formadores. Mediante un análisis de contenido identificamos dos tipos de intervenciones preponderantes en la reflexión dialógica: preguntas que llevan a profundizar en la práctica del otro y valoraciones de aspectos significativos de ésta. Además, los aspectos pedagógicos de la clase y su anclaje a elementos teóricos parecen caracterizar el contenido de la reflexión. Estos procesos reflexivos permiten resignificar la práctica de los formadores y muestran potencial en su desarrollo profesional.
Academic performance of Medical students benefited by affirmative action
Authors: Valle Adriana Polachini do , Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Marco Gustavo Noe de , Ferras Giulia , Dias Rafael Teixeira , Boas Paulo José Fortes Villas
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction: São Paulo State University (Unesp) implemented the quota system (affirmative action) for first-year students in 2014, through the vacancy reservation system for students from public schools. The main caveats regarding the quota system concern the difficulties these students have in adapting to the university academic environment, which could interfere with their performance during undergraduate school. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the performance of these students to propose viable alternatives for their needs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the academic performance through the academic performance coefficient (APC) of undergraduate students of the medical course at the Botucatu School of Medicine - Unesp (BSM) according to the type of university admission process. Methods: the final APC of students who completed the medical course in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 were evaluated. The data were obtained from the Undergraduate Section of BSM. Comparisons were made of APC means between groups (universal admission - UA and affirmative action - AA). Results: In the period from 2019 to 2021, 252 students graduated, 184 from UA (73%) and 68 (27%) from AA. The general average of the APC was 8.41 + 0.61. The APC averages of the UA students were 8.45 + 0.61 and the AA averages were 8.31 + 0.60 (p = 0.414). Conclusion: The APC analysis of graduates over three years of the BSM medical course shows that the performance of those admitted through AA and by UA is similar
FOTOGRAFIA NOS ARQUIVOS: ESTUDO SOBRE AS ABORDAGENS TEÓRICAS PARA TRATAMENTO ARQUIVÍSTICO
Authors: Machado Bruno Henrique , Madio Telma Campanha de Carvalho
Published: May 2024

RESUMO A fotografia institucional, assim como qualquer outro documento, deveria seguir normas formais e procedimentos técnicos institucionalizados para sua produção enquanto documento de arquivo. Nesse sentido, o presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar, de modo teórico, as abordagens dispensadas às fotografias, sejam elas analógicas ou digitais, em ambiente institucional; além de tangenciar algumas orientações para a manutenção arquivística desses documentos. Dessa maneira, foram analisadas algumas propostas de projetos que procuram manter as fotografias institucionais como documento de arquivo, a saber: o projeto internacional International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES), e o projeto nacional referente às resoluções e recomendações da Câmara Técnica de Documentos Audiovisuais, Iconográficos, Sonoros e Musicais (CTDAISM) e Arquivo Nacional do Brasil. Como resultado, foi possível identificar, nas recomendações, que há um consenso acerca das preocupações de manutenção dessas fotografias institucionais, conforme orienta a Arquivologia. Dessa forma, conclui-se que somente será possível atribuir sentido de documento de arquivo para as fotografias, nas instituições que estão totalmente engajadas na gestão de documentos, promovendo a manutenção dos vínculos existentes com os contextos de produção, circulação e uso.
Vaccination coverage and abandonment among children under two years old in Brazil: a time-series study
Authors: Enore Rossana Marchese Bittencourt , Freitas Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de , Silva Ronaldo Antonio da , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the vaccination coverage and abandonment rates among children under two years old in Brazil, from 2015 to 2021. Methods: A time-series ecological study. The dependent variables of the research were "vaccination coverage" and "abandonment rate", both assessed by Brazilian region. The data were extracted in July 2022 from the Information System of the National Immunization Program. The Prais-Winsten technique was used for the trend analysis, with the aid of the STATA 16.0 software. Results: The mean vaccination coverage in Brazil was 76.96%, with a decreasing trend during the period (Annual Percent Change=-5.12; confidence interval — CI95% -7.81; -2.34); in 2015, the rate was 88.85% and it dropped to 62.35% in 2021. In turn, the overall abandonment rate was 24.00% in 2015 and 9.01% in 2021, with a mean of 10.48% and a stationary trend (Annual Percentage Change=-9.54; CI95% -22.92; 6.12). In 2021, all the vaccines presented coverage values below 74.00% in the country. Conclusions: The vaccination coverage rate trend among children under two years old was stationary or decreasing for all the immunobiologicals in all Brazilian regions, with the exception of yellow fever in the South and Southeast regions. There was an increase in the abandonment rate trend for the Meningococcal C vaccine in the country and, specifically in relation to the regions, for BCG in the North, Northeast, and Midwest and for Meningococcal C in the North and Northeast.
Análisis cualitativo de la ecuación logística en el campo educativo
Authors: Quilantán-Ortega Ingrid , Rodríguez-Vásquez Flor Monserrat
Published: May 2024

Introducción. La educación matemática universitaria, ha debido transformarse en sus métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje para orientarse, tanto en los contenidos académicos y la transmisión de saberes, como en el desarrollo integral del ser humano para atender las problemáticas actuales de la sociedad. La ecuación logística, permite modelar diversos fenómenos en diversas áreas científicas e incidir en la mejora de estas problemáticas. Dado que es de gran utilidad en diversos contextos científicos planteamos la necesidad de mostrar un panorama amplio y detallado acerca de ésta, sobre todo en el plano de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la matemática, ya que, en el contexto escolar, algunos estudiantes muestran dificultades relacionadas con su comprensión. Objetivo. Mostrar una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones que se han realizado sobre la ecuación logística desde el campo de la matemática educativa.  Análisis. El periodo para analizar comprende del año 2000 a 2022, considerando aquellos documentos que tratan de la ecuación logística en la educación. Metodología. Para recolectar y analizar los datos se usó el análisis cualitativo de texto de Kuckartz. Resultados. Las principales dificultades relacionadas con la ecuación logística son en el uso de las distintas representaciones, en el aprendizaje como ecuación diferencial, así como dificultades en la comunicación interdisciplinar. Las propuestas didácticas en atención a dichas dificultades hacen uso de distintos enfoques, herramientas tecnológicas y marcos teóricos diversos. Conclusiones. Considerando la vasta aplicabilidad de la ecuación logística, se plantea que la modelación matemática es una de las principales estrategias metodológicas de aprendizaje de esta ecuación y sus conceptos relacionados.
SLaNT: A Semi-supervised Label Noise-Tolerant Framework for Text Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Cao Bin , Jiang Kai , Fan Jing
Published: May 2024

The exponential growth of user-generated comment data on social media platforms has greatly promoted research on text sentiment analysis. However, the presence of conflicting sentiments within user comments, known as 'user comments with noisy labels', poses a significant challenge to the reliability of sentiment analysis models. Many current approaches address this issue by either discarding noisy samples or assigning small weights to them during training, but these strategies can lead to sample wastage and reduced model robustness. In this paper, we present SLaNT, a novel semi-supervised label noise-tolerant framework specifically designed for text sentiment analysis. SLaNT employs a four-module pipeline that includes Noisy Data Identification, Data Augmentation, Noisy Data Relabeling, and Re-training. Notably, SLaNT introduces an early stopping strategy to efficiently identify noisy samples. Additionally, to mitigate confirmation bias during the relabeling of noisy data, a unique co-relabeling strategy based on ensemble learning is integrated into SLaNT. Experimental results on four text user comment datasets demonstrate that SLaNT significantly outperforms four selected strong baselines.
A Crisis of Civility? Modeling Incivility and Its Effects in Political Discourse Online
Authors: Gao Yujia , Qin Wenna , Murali Aniruddha , Eckart Christopher , Zhou Xuhui , Beel Jacob Daniel , Wang Yi-Chia , Yang Diyi
Published: May 2024

Growing concerns have been raised about the detrimental effects of uncivil comments on the web towards democracy. However, there is still a lack of understanding about online incivility's nuanced and complicated nature and its impact on conversation development and user behaviors. This work aims to fill that research gap by modeling incivility and its relationship to political discussions.
We develop a comprehensive and fine-grained taxonomy that characterizes incivility with vulgarity, name-calling (inter-personal and third-party attacks), aspersion, and stereotypes, and then apply the framework to quantify the level of each incivility category in over 40 million comments from Reddit.
Using large-scale quantitative analysis, we investigate the types of interactions and contexts in which incivility is more likely to occur, model how incivility shapes subsequent conversations, and examine user engagement patterns and behavioral changes after exposure to incivility. Our findings show that conversations that start out uncivil tend to become more uncivil in responses, and exposure to different incivility categories has differing effects on community members' engagement. We conclude with the implications of our research in assisting the design and moderation of online political communities.
Lived Experience Matters: Automatic Detection of Stigma toward People Who Use Substances on Social Media
Authors: Giorgi Salvatore , Bellew Douglas , Habib Daniel Roy Sadek , Sedoc João , Smitterberg Chase , Devoto Amanda , Himelein-Wachowiak Mckenzie , Curtis Brenda
Published: May 2024

Stigma toward people who use substances (PWUS) is a leading barrier to seeking treatment. Further, those in treatment are more likely to drop out if they experience higher levels of stigmatization. While related concepts of hate speech and toxicity, including those targeted toward vulnerable populations, have been the focus of automatic content moderation research, stigma and, in particular, people who use substances have not. This paper explores stigma toward PWUS using a data set of roughly 5,000 public Reddit posts. We performed a crowd-sourced annotation task where workers are asked to annotate each post for the presence of stigma toward PWUS and answer a series of questions related to their experiences with substance use. Results show that workers who use substances or know someone with a substance use disorder are more likely to rate a post as stigmatizing. Building on this, we use a supervised machine learning framework that centers workers with lived substance use experience to label each Reddit post as stigmatizing. Modeling person-level demographics in addition to comment-level language results in a classification accuracy (as measured by AUC) of 0.69 -- a 17% increase over modeling language alone. Finally, we explore the linguist cues which distinguish stigmatizing content: PWUS substances and those who don't agree that language around othering ("people", "they") and terms like "addict" are stigmatizing, while PWUS (as opposed to those who do not) find discussions around specific substances more stigmatizing. Our findings offer insights into the nature of perceived stigma in substance use. Additionally, these results further establish the subjective nature of such machine learning tasks, highlighting the need for understanding their social contexts.
A Visual Approach to Tracking Emotional Sentiment Dynamics in Social Network Commentaries
Authors: Hossain Ismail , Puppala Sai , Alam Md Jahangir , Talukder Sajedul , Talukder Zahidur
Published: May 2024

The expansion of social media has unlocked a real-time barometer of public opinion. This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze sentiment shifts in social network comment sections, a reflection of the broader public discourse over time. Leveraging a pre-trained uncased RoBERTa model, we predict emotional scores from user comments, mapping these to key sentiment trends such as Approval, Toxicity, Obscenity, Threat, Hate, Offensive, and Neutral. Our methodology employs machine learning techniques to train a dataset that connects emotional scores with these trends, generating trend probability scores. We utilize a bottom-up recursive algorithm to aggregate emotional scores within comment threads, enabling the prediction of trend scores using three distinct aggregation methods. The results demonstrate that our emotional prediction model achieves an AUC of 0.92, and XGBoost stands out with an F1 score exceeding 0.40. Our research elucidates the temporal evolution of online public sentiment, enhancing the understanding of digital social dynamics and offering insights for strategic online interaction, intervention, and content moderation.
Market or Markets? Investigating Google Search’s Market Shares under Vertical Segmentation
Authors: Hu Desheng , Gleason Jeffrey , Aziz Muhammad Abu Bakar , Koeninger Alice , Guggenberger Nikolas , Robertson Ronald E. , Wilson Christo
Published: May 2024

Is Google Search a monopoly with gatekeeping power? Regulators from the US, UK, and Europe have argued that it is based on the assumption that Google Search dominates the market for horizontal (a.k.a. “general”) web search. Google disputes this, claiming that competition extends to all vertical (a.k.a. “specialized”) search engines, and that under this market definition it does not have monopoly power.
In this study we present the first analysis of Google Search’s market share under vertical segmentation of online search. We leverage observational trace data collected from a panel of US residents that includes their web browsing history and copies of the Google Search Engine Result Pages they were shown.We observe that participants’ search sessions begin at Google greater than 50% of the time in 24 out of 30 vertical market segments (which comprise almost all of our participants’ searches). Our results inform the consequential and ongoing debates about the market power of Google Search and the conceptualization of online markets in general.
Socially-Motivated Music Recommendation
Authors: Lacker Benjamin , Way Samuel F.
Published: May 2024

Extensive literature spanning psychology, sociology, and musicology has sought to understand the motivations for why people listen to music, including both individually and socially motivated reasons. Music's social functions, while present throughout the world, may be particularly important in collectivist societies, but music recommender systems generally target individualistic functions of music listening. In this study, we explore how a recommender system focused on social motivations for music listening might work by addressing a particular motivation: the desire to listen to music that is trending in one’s community. We frame a recommendation task suited to this desire and propose a corresponding evaluation metric to address the timeliness of recommendations. Using listening data from Spotify, we construct a simple, heuristic-based approach to introduce and explore this recommendation task. Analyzing the effectiveness of this approach, we discuss what we believe is an overlooked trade-off between the precision and timeliness of recommendations, as well as considerations for modeling users' musical communities. Finally, we highlight key cultural differences in the effectiveness of this approach, underscoring the importance of incorporating a diverse cultural perspective in the development and evaluation of recommender systems.
How Does Empowering Users with Greater System Control Affect News Filter Bubbles?
Authors: Liu Ping , Shivaram Karthik , Culotta Aron , Shapiro Matthew , Bilgic Mustafa
Published: May 2024

While recommendation systems enable users to find articles of interest, they can also create "filter bubbles" by presenting content that reinforces users' pre-existing beliefs. Users are often unaware that the system placed them in a filter bubble and, even when aware, they often lack direct control over it. To address these issues, we first design a political news recommendation system augmented with an enhanced interface that exposes the political and topical interests the system inferred from user behavior. This allows the user to adjust the recommendation system to receive more articles on a particular topic or presenting a particular political stance. We then conduct a user study to compare our system to a traditional interface and found that the transparent approach helped users realize that they were in a filter bubble. Additionally, the enhanced system led to less extreme news for most users but also allowed others to move the system to more extremes. Similarly, while many users moved the system from extreme liberal/conservative to the center, this came at the expense of reducing political diversity of the articles shown. These findings suggest that, while the proposed system increased awareness of the filter bubbles, it had heterogeneous effects on news consumption depending on user preferences.
Othering and Low Status Framing of Immigrant Cuisines in US Restaurant Reviews and Large Language Models
Authors: Luo Yiwei , Gligorić Kristina , Jurafsky Dan
Published: May 2024

Identifying implicit attitudes toward food can help mitigate social prejudice due to food’s pervasive role as a marker of ethnic identity. Stereotypes about food are representational harms that may contribute to racialized discourse and negatively impact economic outcomes for restaurants. Understanding the presence of representational harms in online corpora in particular is important, given the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) for text generation and their tendency to reproduce attitudes in their training data. Through careful linguistic analyses, we evaluate social theories about attitudes toward immigrant cuisine in a large-scale study of framing differences in 2.1M English language Yelp reviews. Controlling for factors such as restaurant price and neighborhood racial diversity, we find that immigrant cuisines are more likely to be othered using socially constructed frames of authenticity (e.g., authentic, traditional), and that non-European cuisines (e.g., Indian, Mexican) in particular are described as more exotic compared to European ones (e.g., French). We also find that non-European cuisines are more likely to be described as cheap and dirty, even after controlling for price, and even among the most expensive restaurants. Finally, we show that reviews generated by LLMs reproduce similar framing tendencies, pointing to the downstream retention of these representational harms. Our results corroborate social theories of gastronomic stereotyping, revealing racialized evaluative processes and linguistic strategies through which they manifest.
Computational Assessment of Hyperpartisanship in News Titles
Authors: Lyu Hanjia , Pan Jinsheng , Wang Zichen , Luo Jiebo
Published: May 2024

The growing trend of partisanship in news reporting can have a negative impact on society. Assessing the level of partisanship in news headlines is particularly crucial, as they are easily accessible and frequently provide a condensed summary of the article's opinions or events. Therefore, they can significantly influence readers' decision to read the full article, making them a key factor in shaping public opinion. We first adopt a human-guided machine learning framework to develop a new dataset for hyperpartisan news title detection with 2,200 manually labeled and 1.8 million machine-labeled titles that were posted from 2014 to the present by nine representative media organizations across three media bias groups - Left, Central, and Right in an active learning manner. A fine-tuned transformer-based language model achieves an overall accuracy of 0.84 and an F1 score of 0.78 on an external validation set. Next, we conduct a computational analysis to quantify the extent and dynamics of partisanship in news titles. While some aspects are as expected, our study reveals new or nuanced differences between the three media groups. We find that overall the Right media tends to use proportionally more hyperpartisan titles. Roughly around the 2016 Presidential Election, the proportions of hyperpartisan titles increased across all media bias groups, with the Left media exhibiting the most significant relative increase. We identify three major topics including foreign issues, political systems, and societal issues that are suggestive of hyperpartisanship in news titles using logistic regression models and the Shapley values. Through an analysis of the topic distribution, we find that societal issues gradually gain more attention from all media groups. We further apply a lexicon-based language analysis tool to the titles of each topic and quantify the linguistic distance between any pairs of the three media groups, uncovering three distinct patterns. Codes and data are available at https://github.com/VIStA-H/Hyperpartisan-News-Titles.