bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric submicron aerosol composition and particulate organic nitrate formation in a boreal forestland–urban mixed region
Authors: Hao L. Q. , Kortelainen A. , Romakkaniemi S. , Portin H. , Jaatinen A. , Leskinen A. , Komppula M. , Miettinen P. , Sueper D. , Pajunoja A. , Smith J. N. , Lehtinen K. E. J. , Worsnop D. R. , Laaksonen A. , Virtanen A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Puijo aerosol–cloud observation station is a unique measurement site for its location in the mixed region between the boreal forestland and the municipality of Kuopio, Finland. A measurement campaign was carried out at the station during fall 2010. An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-Tof-AMS) was deployed to characterize the atmospheric submicron aerosols. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the unified high-resolution mass spectra organic species with NO+ and NO2+ ions to discover the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species and their daily cycles. On average, the submicron aerosols in this study were dominated by organic and sulfate species, composing 48.2 and 28.7% of total observed aerosol mass, respectively, with smaller contributions from ammonium (9.3%), nitrate (4.9%), chloride (0.8%) and BC (8.1%). The sources of these species included the primary emissions originating from the city area, secondary formation from both natural and anthropogenic emissions and regional transport. The PMF analysis succeeded in separating the mixed organic and inorganic spectra into three distinct organic and one inorganic factors. For organic factors, the semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) and low-volatility oxygenated OA (LVOOA) accounted for 54.8 and 36.3% of total organic masses, respectively, while the hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) accounted for 8.9% of total organics, with its main source from urban emissions. The inorganic factor is identified as NH4NO3, comprising 6.9% of the fitted aerosol mass by PMF. Based on the PMF results, the nitrate species were separated into organic and inorganic components, with the organic nitrates contributing one-third of the total nitrate mass. The results highlight both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions as important atmospheric aerosol sources in a forest–urban mixed region.
Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss, re-oxidation, and source inputs
Authors: Shi G. , Buffen A. M. , Hastings M. G. , Li C. , Ma H. , Li Y. , Sun B. , An C. , Jiang S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Snowpits along a traverse from coastal East Antarctica to the summit of the ice sheet (Dome Argus) are used to investigate the post-depositional processing of nitrate in snow. Seven snowpits from sites with accumulation rates between 24 and 172 kg m−2 a−1 were sampled to depths of 150 to 300 cm. At sites from the continental interior (low accumulation, < 55 m−2 a−1), nitrate mass fraction is generally > 200 ng g−1 in surface snow and decreases quickly with depth to < 50 ng g−1. Considerably increasing values of δ15N of nitrate are also observed (16–461 ‰ vs. air N2), particularly in the top 25 cm, which is consistent with predicted fractionation constants for the photolysis of nitrate. The δ18O of nitrate (17–84 ‰ vs. VSMOW), on the other hand, decreases with increasing δ15N, suggestive of secondary formation of nitrate in situ (following photolysis) with a low δ18O source. Previous studies have suggested that δ15N and δ18O of nitrate at deeper snow depths should be predictable based upon an exponential decrease derived near the surface. At deeper depths sampled in this study, however, the relationship between nitrate mass fraction and δ18O changes, with increasing δ18O of nitrate observed between 100–200 cm. Predicting the impact of post-depositional loss, and therefore changes in the isotopes with depth, is highly sensitive to the depth interval over which an exponential decrease is assumed. In the snowpits collected closer to the coast (accumulation > 91 kg m−2 a−1), there are no obvious trends detected with depth and instead seasonality in nitrate mass fraction and its isotopic composition is found. In comparison to the interior sites, the coastal pits are lower in δ15N (−15–71 ‰ vs. air N2) and higher in δ18O of nitrate (53–111 ‰ vs. VSMOW). The relationships found amongst mass fraction, δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) of nitrate cannot be explained by local post-depositional processes, and are instead interpreted in the context of a primary atmospheric signal. Consistent with other Antarctic observational and modeling studies, the isotopic results are suggestive of an important influence of stratospheric chemistry on nitrate formation during the cold season and a mix of tropospheric sources and chemistry during the warm season. Overall, the findings in this study speak to the sensitivity of nitrate isotopic composition to post-depositional processing and highlight the strength of combined use of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes for a mechanistic understanding of this processing.
Spring bloom community change modifies carbon pathways and C : N : P : Chl a stoichiometry of coastal material fluxes
Authors: Spilling K. , Kremp A. , Klais R. , Olli K. , Tamminen T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Diatoms and dinoflagellates are major bloom-forming phytoplankton groups competing for resources in the oceans and coastal seas. Recent evidence suggests that their competition is significantly affected by climatic factors under ongoing change, modifying especially the conditions for cold-water, spring bloom communities in temperate and Arctic regions. We investigated the effects of phytoplankton community composition on spring bloom carbon flows and nutrient stoichiometry in multiyear mesocosm experiments. Comparison of differing communities showed that community structure significantly affected C accumulation parameters, with highest particulate organic carbon (POC) buildup and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release in diatom-dominated communities. In terms of inorganic nutrient drawdown and bloom accumulation phase, the dominating groups behaved as functional surrogates. Dominance patterns, however, significantly affected C : N : P : Chl a ratios over the whole bloom event: when diatoms were dominant, these ratios increased compared to dinoflagellate dominance or mixed communities. Diatom-dominated communities sequestered carbon up to 3.6-fold higher than the expectation based on the Redfield ratio, and 2-fold higher compared to dinoflagellate dominance. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental report of consequences of climatically driven shifts in phytoplankton dominance patterns for carbon sequestration and related biogeochemical cycles in coastal seas. Our results also highlight the need for remote sensing technologies with taxonomical resolution, as the C : Chl a ratio was strongly dependent on community composition and bloom stage. Climate-driven changes in phytoplankton dominance patterns will have far-reaching consequences for major biogeochemical cycles and need to be considered in climate change scenarios for marine systems.
iMarNet: an ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project within a common physical ocean modelling framework
Authors: Kwiatkowski L. , Yool A. , Allen J. I. , Anderson T. R. , Barciela R. , Buitenhuis E. T. , Butenschön M. , Enright C. , Halloran P. R. , Le Quéré C. , de Mora L. , Racault M.-F. , Sinha B. , Totterdell I. J. , Cox P. M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Ocean biogeochemistry (OBGC) models span a wide variety of complexities, including highly simplified nutrient-restoring schemes, nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) models that crudely represent the marine biota, models that represent a broader trophic structure by grouping organisms as plankton functional types (PFTs) based on their biogeochemical role (dynamic green ocean models) and ecosystem models that group organisms by ecological function and trait. OBGC models are now integral components of Earth system models (ESMs), but they compete for computing resources with higher resolution dynamical setups and with other components such as atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial vegetation schemes. As such, the choice of OBGC in ESMs needs to balance model complexity and realism alongside relative computing cost. Here we present an intercomparison of six OBGC models that were candidates for implementation within the next UK Earth system model (UKESM1). The models cover a large range of biological complexity (from 7 to 57 tracers) but all include representations of at least the nitrogen, carbon, alkalinity and oxygen cycles. Each OBGC model was coupled to the ocean general circulation model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and results from physically identical hindcast simulations were compared. Model skill was evaluated for biogeochemical metrics of global-scale bulk properties using conventional statistical techniques. The computing cost of each model was also measured in standardised tests run at two resource levels. No model is shown to consistently outperform all other models across all metrics. Nonetheless, the simpler models are broadly closer to observations across a number of fields and thus offer a high-efficiency option for ESMs that prioritise high-resolution climate dynamics. However, simpler models provide limited insight into more complex marine biogeochemical processes and ecosystem pathways, and a parallel approach of low-resolution climate dynamics and high-complexity biogeochemistry is desirable in order to provide additional insights into biogeochemistry–climate interactions.
Do climate factors govern soil microbial community composition and biomass at a regional scale?
Authors: Ma L. , Guo C. , Lü X. , Yuan S. , Wang R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Soil microbial communities play important role in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and vegetation dynamic. However, little is known about factors driving soil microbial community composition at large scales. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate dominates among environmental factors governing microbial community composition and biomass at a regional scale. Here, we compared soil microbial communities using phospholipid fatty acid method across 7 land use types from 23 locations in North-East China Transect (850 km x 50 km). The results showed that soil water availability and land use changes exhibited the dominant effects on soil microbial community composition and biomass at the regional scale, while climate factors (expressed as a function of large-scale spatial variation) did not show strong relationships with distribution of microbial community composition. Likewise, factors such as spatial structure, soil texture, nutrient availability and vegetation types were not important. Wetter soils had higher contributions of gram-positive bacteria, whereas drier soils had higher contributions of gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Heavily disturbed soils had lower contributions of gram-negative bacteria and fungi than historically disturbed and undisturbed soils. The lowest microbial biomass appeared in the wettest and driest soils. In conclusion, dominant climate factors, commonly known to structure distribution of macroorganisms, were not the most important drivers governing regional pattern of microbial communities because of inclusion of irrigated and managed practices. In comparison, soil water regime and land use types appear to be primary determinants of microbial community composition and biomass.
Photosynthesis–irradiance responses in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: a meta-analysis
Authors: Smith W. O. , Donaldson K. A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. A meta-analysis of photosynthesis/irradiance measurements was completed using data from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. A total of 544 independent measurements were included. PsB, the maximum, chlorophyll-specific, irradiance-saturated rate of photosynthesis, averaged 1.07 ± 0.060 μg C (μg chl)-1 h-1. Light-limited photosynthetic rates (α) averaged 0.03 ± 0.023 μg C (μg chl)-1 h-1 μmol photons m-2 s-1)-1. Significant variations in PsB and α were found as a function of season, with spring maximum photosynthetic rates being 59% greater than those in summer. Similarly, α values were 48% greater in spring. There was no detectable effect of space on the photosynthetic parameters, and temperature and macronutrient (NO3) concentrations also did not exert a strong influence. However, irradiance, dissolved iron concentrations, and carbon dioxide concentrations when altered under controlled conditions exerted significant influences on photosynthetic parameters. Specifically, reduced irradiance resulted in decreased PsB and α values, whereas reduced iron concentrations were associated with increased PsB and α values. Increased CO2 concentrations also resulted in significantly increased PsB and α values. No significant difference was detected between stations dominated by diatoms and those dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. The meta-analysis generally confirms the photosynthetic rates predicted from global analyses that are based solely on temperature and irradiance availability, but suggests that for more accurate predictions of the productivity of polar systems a more detailed model that includes temporal effects of photosynthetic parameters will be required.
HF performance of electric field sensors aboard the RESONANCE satellite
Authors: Sampl M. , Macher W. , Gruber C. , Oswald T. , Kapper M. , Rucker H. O. , Mogilevsky M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. We present the high frequency properties of the eight electric field sensors as proposed to be launched on the spacecraft "RESONANCE" in the near future. Due to the close proximity of the conducting spacecraft body, the sensors (antennas) have complex receiving features and need to be well understood for an optimal mission and spacecraft design. An optimal configuration and precise understanding of the sensors and antennas characteristics is also vital for the proper performance of spaceborne scientific instrumentation and the corresponding data analysis. The provided results are particularly interesting with regard to the planned mutual impedance experiment for measuring plasma parameters. Our computational results describe the extreme dependency of the sensor system regarding wave incident direction and frequency, and provides the full description of the sensor system as a multi-port scatterer. In particular, goniopolarimetry techniques like polarization analysis and direction finding depend crucially on the presented antenna characteristics.
Path-integral method for the source apportionment of photochemical pollutants
Authors: Dunker A. M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. A new, path-integral method is presented for apportioning the concentrations of pollutants predicted by a photochemical model to emissions from different sources. A novel feature of the method is that it can apportion the difference in a species concentration between two simulations. For example, the anthropogenic ozone increment, which is the difference between a simulation with all emissions present and another simulation with only the background (e.g., biogenic) emissions included, can be allocated to the anthropogenic emission sources. The method is based on an existing, exact mathematical equation. This equation is applied to relate the concentration difference between simulations to line or path integrals of first-order sensitivity coefficients. The sensitivities describe the effects of changing the emissions and are accurately calculated by the decoupled direct method. The path represents a continuous variation of emissions between the two simulations, and each path can be viewed as a separate emission-control strategy. The method does not require auxiliary assumptions, e.g., whether ozone formation is limited by the availability of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) or nitrogen oxides (NOx), and can be used for all the species predicted by the model. A simplified configuration of the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions is used to evaluate the accuracy of different numerical integration procedures and the dependence of the source contributions on the path. A Gauss–Legendre formula using 3 or 4 points along the path gives good accuracy for apportioning the anthropogenic increments of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and nitric acid. Source contributions to these increments were obtained for paths representing proportional control of all anthropogenic emissions together, control of NOx emissions before VOC emissions, and control of VOC emissions before NOx emissions. There are similarities in the source contributions from the three paths but also differences due to the different chemical regimes resulting from the emission-control strategies.
Erich Regener and the ionisation maximum of the atmosphere
Authors: Carlson P. , Watson A. A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. In the 1930s the German physicist Erich Regener (1881–1955) did important work on the measurement of the rate of production of ionisation deep under water and in the atmosphere. Along with one of his students, Georg Pfotzer, he discovered the altitude at which the production of ionisation in the atmosphere reaches a maximum, often, but misleadingly, called the Pfotzer maximum. Regener was one of the first to estimate the energy density of cosmic rays, an estimate that was used by Baade and Zwicky to bolster their postulate that supernovae might be their source. Yet Regener's name is less recognised by present-day cosmic ray physicists than it should be, largely because in 1937 he was forced to take early retirement by the National Socialists as his wife had Jewish ancestors. In this paper we briefly review his work on cosmic rays and recommend an alternative naming of the ionisation maximum. The influence that Regener had on the field through his son, his son-in-law, his grandsons and his students, and through his links with Rutherford's group in Cambridge, is discussed in an appendix. Regener was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics by Schrödinger in 1938. He died in 1955 at the age of 73.
Changes in Rongbuk lake and Imja lake in the Everest region of Himalaya
Authors: Chen W. , Doko T. , Liu C. , Ichinose T. , Fukui H. , Feng Q. , Gou P.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Himalaya holds the world record in terms of range and elevation. It is one of the most extensively glacierized regions in the world except the Polar Regions. The Himalaya is a region sensitive to climate change. Changes in the glacial regime are indicators of global climate changes. Since the second half of the last century, most Himalayan glaciers have melted due to climate change. These changes directly affected the changes of glacial lakes in the Himalayan region due to the glacier retreat. New glacial lakes are formed, and a number of them have expanded in the Everest region of the Himalayas. This paper focuses on the two glacial lakes which are Imja Lake, located at the southern slope, and Rongbuk Lake, located at the northern slope in the Mt. Everest region, Himalaya to present the spatio-temporal changes from 1976 to 2008. Topographical conditions between two lakes were different (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Rongbuk Lake was located at 623 m higher than Imja Lake, and radiation of Rongbuk Lake was higher than the Imja Lake. Although size of Imja Lake was larger than the Rongbuk Lake in 2008, the growth speed of Rongbuk Lake was accelerating since 2000 and exceeds Imja Lake in 2000–2008. This trend of expansion of Rongbuk Lake is anticipated to be continued in the 21st century. Rongbuk Lake would be the biggest potential risk of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) at the Everest region of Himalaya in the future.
Room temperature carbon nanotube based sensor for carbon monoxide detection
Authors: Hannon A. , Lu Y. , Li J. , Meyyappan M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes have been used in an integrated electrode structure for the detection of carbon monoxide. The sensor responds to 0.5 ppm of CO in air at room temperature. All eight sensors with this material in a 32-sensor array showed good repeatability and reproducibility, with response and recovery times of about 10 s. Pristine nanotubes generally do not respond to carbon monoxide and the results here confirm sulfonated nanotubes to be a potential candidate for the construction of an electronic nose that requires at least a few materials for the selective detection of CO.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor restores decidualization markers in stromal fibroblasts from women with endometriosis
Authors: Erikson David W. , Chen Joseph C. , Piltonen Terhi T. , Conti Marco , Irwin Juan C. , Giudice Linda C.
Published: December 2014

Purpose

Decidualization comprises specific biochemical and morphological changes in uterine endometrium essential for establishment of pregnancy. This process is abnormal in women with endometriosis, a disorder in which endometrial-like tissue is present outside the uterus. The aim of this study was to restore cAMP-induced decidualization marker expression in endometrial stromal fibroblasts from women with endometriosis by using chemical inhibitors to PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways in vitro.

Methods

Endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF) from women with (eSFendo) and without (eSFnon-endo) endometriosis were treated with inhibitors to EGFR tyrosine kinase (gefitinib), mTOR (rapamycin) and MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) (UO126) during 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-br-cAMP)–stimulated decidualization. Decidualization was assessed by evaluating expression of insulin growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), prolactin (PRL) and forkhead box protein O1A (FOXO1A) by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

Gefitinib restored expression of decidualization markers in eSFendo to levels consistent with those in eSFnon-endo. Elevated levels of phosphorylated mTOR in eSFendo were reduced to levels found in eSFnon-endo, by gefitinib during treatment with 8-br-cAMP. Additional gene expression analyses suggested dysregulation of EGFR negative feedback regulators in eSFendo.

Conclusions

Results implicate EGFR signaling as an underlying cause for aberrant cAMP-induced decidualization in women with endometriosis, and provide a potential target for management of infertility associated with the disease. The reduction of p-mTOR levels in eSFendo during 8-br-cAMP treatment suggests cooperation between EGR and protein kinase A signaling in the regulation of mTOR in eSF.
The Crowding-out Effects of Chinese Tourists on Inbound Tourism in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Chin-Mei , Hsieh Shu Fen , Tseng Hsi Peng
Published: December 2014

This study conducts multiple regression analysis to establish a forecasting model for the number of inbound tourists to Taiwan from different countries. Monte Carlo simulation is used to forecast the number of inbound tourists to Taiwan from different countries and to evaluate whether the opening-up to Chinese tourists has a crowding-out effect on tourism demand. The empirical results indicate that, except for Australia and the UK, the inbound tourists from the sampled countries suffered from varying degrees of crowding-out effect as a result of Taiwan's opening-up to Chinese tourists. This is particularly noticeable with tourists from Korea, Singapore and the USA. In terms of regional effects, Asia is the most affected by the opening-up policy, while Europe and Oceania are less affected. However, the number of inbound tourists from different countries has not dropped, but shows an upward trend.
SITUAÇÃO DO ENSINO DAS PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS E COMPLEMENTARES NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM, FISIOTERAPIA E MEDICINA
Authors: Salles Léia Fortes , Bel Homo Rafael Fernandes , Paes da Silva Maria Júlia
Published: December 2014

O objetivo foi analisar a situação do ensino das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em faculdadesde Enfermagem, Medicina e Fisioterapia no Brasil. A amostra foi constituída de faculdades públicas e a busca dedados ocorreu nos sites das instituições investigadas entre maio de 2012 a março de 2013. Das 209 instituiçõespúblicas de ensino superior, somente 43 (32,3%) oferecem disciplinas relacionadas com o tema. Dentre os trêscursos, as escolas de Enfermagem oferecem mais disciplinas, seguidas pela Medicina e Fisioterapia; 26,4%,17,5% e 14,6%, respectivamente. A média da carga horária é de 46 horas e a maioria delas são oferecidas deforma optativa, ficando boa parte dos profissionais de saúde sem nenhuma aproximação acadêmica com essessaberes. As instituições de ensino, que formam profissionais para o mercado de trabalho e para o Sistema Únicode Saúde, precisam rever as grades curriculares.
A CONTINUIDADE DO CUIDADO NA PERSPECTIVA DO SER CUIDADO
Authors: Freitas Letícia Fernanda Cota , Moreira Danielle Araújo , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a continuidade do cuidado na percepção de acompanhantes eusuários portadores de doença crônica não transmissível. A pesquisa é qualitativa, descritiva, realizada em 2012, em umaUnidade de Atendimento Imediato do município de Betim em Minas Gerais, com sete participantes. As informaçõesforam coletadas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Procedeu-se à análise e emergiram três categorias: A continuidadeinformacional e os impasses para o alcance da continuidade do cuidado; Continuidade Gerencial: fragilidades que afetama continuidade do cuidado; Significados da continuidade para o ser cuidado: aspectos positivos que permeiam as açõescotidianas. Observaram-se fragilidades na continuidade do cuidado aos pacientes com queixas crônicas, provocadas porfalhas na comunicação, interação deficitária entre os serviços da rede de atenção, gerenciamento inadequado do serviço.Considera-se essencial delinear estratégias que visem superar limitações para a garantia de assistência íntegra e resolutiva.
ATENDIMENTO EM CLÍNICA DA FAMÍLIA: SIGNIFICADO DO CUIDADO PRESTADO POR ENFERMEIROS
Authors: Nascimento Juliana Nogueira , Souza Maria Helena Do Nascimento
Published: December 2014

O estudo objetivou compreender os significados atribuídos pelo enfermeiro acerca do cuidadoprestado em uma Clínica da Família. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, embasada no referencialda fenomenologia sociológica de Alfred Schütz. Os participantes foram 10 enfermeiros de uma Clínica daFamília do município do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante entrevista realizada no períodode fevereiro a março de 2012. A partir da análise das entrevistas foi possível organizar os significados em trêscategorias: Acompanhar e cuidar da família, Promover a saúde e Satisfação profissional. Conclui-se que ossignificados do atendimento prestado perpassam a necessidade de considerar toda a família como foco daatenção, numa perspectiva de desenvolver ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde e melhoria da qualidadede vida da população, o que gera reconhecimento e autonomia profissional.
GERENCIAMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM NO CONTROLE DE PERDAS EVITÁVEIS DE IMUNOBIOLÓGICOS
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa Bertoglio Comassetto Antunes de , Caveião Cristiano , Crosewski Fernanda
Published: December 2014

Os imunobiológicos são termolábeis, mantidos sob refrigeração desde o laboratório produtor até a suaadministração. Este estudo teve como objetivos levantar o número e identificar as causas de perdas evitáveis deimunobiológicos no estado do Paraná, no período de 2009 a 2012. É um estudo exploratório retrospectivo quantitativo,cujos dados foram obtidos na base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Apuração de Imunobiológicos Utilizadosdo Paraná. O total das perdas de imunobiológicos por causas evitáveis foram de 3.437.552 doses, sendo que 95% dasperdas foram vacinas do calendário básico de vacinação. Pode-se identificar que ocorreram falhas na organizaçãodo serviço e/ou no processo de trabalho da enfermagem, por se tratar de perdas consideradas como evitáveis. Oenfermeiro é o gerenciador das atividades de imunização, sendo imprescindível a atualização deste profissional,através de capacitações e educação continuada para um serviço eficaz no controle das doenças imunopreveníveis.
VIOLÊNCIA INSTITUCIONAL EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE SOB O OLHAR DE USUÁRIAS
Authors: Fornari Lucimara Fabiana , Madureira Alexandra Bittencourt , Labronici Liliana Maria , Mantovan Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2014

Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, realizada em cinco Centros Integrados de Atendimento, demarço a maio de 2010, com 30 usuárias que realizaram consulta de enfermagem para o pré-natal, planejamentofamiliar e exame preventivo de câncer de colo uterino. Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção das usuárias atendidasem Unidades Básicas de Saúde quanto à violência institucional na assistência à saúde da mulher. Os discursos foramcoletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada e a partir da análise de conteúdo temática emergiu a categoria “Olharessobre a violência institucional na assistência à saúde da mulher”. Apesar da violência institucional se apresentarde forma oculta no cuidado a saúde das usuárias, e não ser identificada como tal, as participantes da pesquisarelataram insatisfação em relação ao acesso, acolhimento e atendimento prestados. Dessa forma, faz-se necessáriorefletir sobre a prática de enfermagem a fim de prevenir a violação dos direitos das mulheres na assistência à saúde.
mousikē and Sophistry in Plato’s Protagoras
Authors: Gladhill Bill
Published: December 2014

In the following paper I argue that Plato’s Protagoras is fundamentally about the utilization of mousikē to define sophistry. Protagoras imitates a choral education and argues for sophistry as the endpoint for musical education in Greek society. However, in setting sophistry in dialogue with mousikē Plato gestures to the radical implications of the private training of sophistic mousikē and its performance in public context.
Staten-Generaal en wetgeving
Authors: van der Woude W.
Published: December 2014

Staten-Generaal en wetgeving

Hoewel bepaalde constitutionele idealen (zoals democratie) nopen tot een zekere parlementaire betrokkenheid bij wetgeving, is het vrijwel onmogelijk harde juridische maatstaven en arrangementen te verzinnen die Kamerleden dwingen intensiever gebruik te maken van hun wetgevende bevoegdheden. Via de kabinetsformatie laat met name de Tweede Kamer haar invloed op de wetgeving overigens wel degelijk gelden. Hierdoor wordt de democratische invloed op wetgeving strikt genomen niet kleiner, maar wel minder zichtbaar. Om deze zichtbaarheid te vergroten worden suggesties gedaan als een terugkeer naar de wetgevingsenquête, uitbreiding van het aantal rapporteurschappen en het verruimen van partijpolitieke ondersteuning.
A PGM-based System for Arabic HandwrittenWord Recognition
Authors: Kacem Afef , Khémiri Akram , Belaid Abdel
Published: December 2014

This paper describes a system for off-line recognition of handwritten Arabic words. It uses simple andeasily extractable features to construct feature vectors for words in the vocabulary. Some of these features are statistical, based on pixel distributions and local pixel configurations. Others are structural, based on the presence of ascenders, descenders and diacritic points. The system is evolved based on horizontal and vertical Hidden Markov Models and Dynamic Bayesian Network. Our strategy consists of looking for various architectures and selecting those which provide the best recognition performance. Experiments on handwritten Arabic words from IFN/ENIT database and ancient manuscripts strongly support the feasibility of the proposed system. The recognition rates achieve 91.89% (IFN/ENIT) and 94.61% (ancient manuscripts).
Introduction: Andrei Platonov, an Engineer of the Human Soul
Authors: Skakov Nariman
Published: December 2014

In this essay I explore how Soviet policymakers, biologists, and writers negotiated the borderline dividing the human and animal domains and conceptualized the animal world for ideological purposes. I link the classic Soviet clash between stikhiinost’ (spontaneity) and soznatel'nost’ (consciousness) with biological experiments of the 1920s that were set to deconstruct the human-animal hierarchy and to create a vision of “classless” biology. I show why Dzhan, one of Andrei Platonov's first earnest attempts to evolve into a socialist realist writer glorifying the Soviet state's firm strides toward the communist future, fails to achieve the semantic certitude of the Stalinist text. Various recurrent and profoundly unconventional themes, often connected with animality and corporeality, drastically muddle the ideological coordinates of the text and preclude the possibility of a clear passage from stikhiinost’ to soznatel'nost'. The (a)political status of the Dzhan people as a newly formed Soviet collective body manifests itself in the complex interplay between two rather commonplace categories: body and soul. The body acquires abstract political qualities by becoming collective, while the soul, as a designator for the Dzhan people and as a category, gains flesh. The novella reveals the “Turkmen“ nation as a site of bare life itself in its indestructible corporeal glory.
Zkoumání a rozvíjení kvality výuky v oborových didaktikách: metodika 3A mezi teorií a praxí.
Authors: Slavík Jan , Janík Tomáš , Jarníková Jitka , Tupý Jan
Published: December 2014

Tato teoreticko-metodologická studie představuje specifický přístup k výzkumu kvality výuky v oborových didaktikách, jenž je založen na anotování – analyzování – alterování výukových situací (metodika 3A). Koncepce metodiky vychází z praktického obratu v sociohumanitních vědách, který je reprezentován dvěma tezemi: (1) Praxe je východiskem teorie. (2) Teorie má být prakticky založená a orientovaná. Text seznamuje s ideovým kontextem, hlavními myšlenkami a koncepčními zdroji metodiky 3A a vysvětluje pojetí výzkumu založeného na Peschlově cyklu sdílení znalostí. Je objasněna souvislost metodiky 3A s koncepcí reflektivní praxe v přípravě učitelů a je vysvětlen teoretický model pro posuzování kvality výuky prostřednictvím metodiky 3A. Tento model, nazvaný Model hloubkové struktury výuky, umožňuje vyhodnocovat integritu mezi obsahem výuky, jejími cíli a konkrétními činnostmi žáků při řešení učebních úloh. Na uvedeném teoretickém základě jsou představeny hlavní kategorie a postupy metodiky 3A a jsou diskutovány některé širší souvislosti jejího uplatnění při profesním rozvoji učitelů (a profesionalizaci učitelství).
Profesní vidění studentů učitelství anglického jazyka: jak vidí studenti výukové situace zachycené na videu?
Authors: Minaříková Eva
Published: December 2014

Předkládaná studie si klade za cíl popsat povahu profesního vidění u studentů učitelství anglického jazyka a změny, které nastanou po jejich práci s elektronickým učebním prostředím, které využívá analýzy videopřípadů (IVŠV VideoWeb pro studenty učitelství anglického jazyka). Výzkumný vzorek tvořilo 37 studentů Katedry anglického jazyka a literatury PdF MU, kteří absolvovali volitelný jednosemestrální kurz VideoWeb. Data byla sbírána pomocí tzv. diagnostických modulů IVŠV VideoWebu, které se skládaly z videosekvencí reálné výuky a úloh k elicitaci komentářů studentů. Písemné odpovědi byly analyzovány pomocí dvou kategoriálních systémů (pro zachycení uvažování založeného na vědění a pro zachycení celkové struktury jejich komentářů). Pro ilustraci výběrového zaměření pozornosti byly z komentářů vybrány výroky vztahující se k zadávání instrukcí žákům a induktivně analyzovány. Výsledky naznačují, že v komentářích převažuje popis, značně je zastoupena i interpretace a hodnocení. Změny v profesním vidění studentů učitelství po práci v IVŠV VideoWebu nastaly v několika oblastech. Studenti více popisovali a méně hodnotili. V oblasti zadávání instrukcí si všímali více detailů (kvalitativně i kvantitativně). Jejich komentáře byly více strukturovány dle času místo dle témat. To naznačuje posun v jejich profesním vidění a způsobu promýšlení výukových situací zachycených na videozáznamu.
Depletion of Core Needle Biopsy Cellularity and DNA Content as a Result of Vigorous Touch Preparations
Authors: Rekhtman Natasha , Kazi Sofia , Yao JinJuan , Dogan Snjezana , Yannes Angela , Lin Oscar , Silk Mikhail , Silk Tarik , Durack Jeremy C.
Published: December 2014

Context

Touch preparations (TP) of core needle biopsies (CNBs) are used at some institutions for on-site assessment of CNB adequacy. In our clinical practice, we have encountered instances in which TPs resulted in substantial depletion of CNB cellularity.

Objective

To examine the effect of increasingly vigorous TPs on cellularity and DNA content of CNBs.

Design

Ex vivo CNBs (n = 56) were performed on resected lung and kidney tumor specimens. For each specimen, CNBs were performed in quadruplicate on tumor and nontumor tissue and subjected to 1 of 4 TP methods: imprint, 1-cm drag, 2-cm drag, or full-slide drag. Overall cellularity in TPs relative to corresponding CNBs was estimated semiquantitatively. DNA was extracted and quantified from 12 TPs and corresponding CNBs. Two cytopathologists performed a blinded diagnostic assessment of Diff-Quik–stained TPs.

Results

Cellularity of imprint, 1-cm, 2-cm, and full-slide TPs represented, on average, 19%, 33%, 41%, and 46% of total CNB cellularity, respectively (p = .003). Average DNA content in imprint, 1-cm, and 2-cm TPs was 0.3 μg (range, 0.1–0.8 μg), 0.4 μg (range, 0.1–1 μg), and 0.6 μg (range, 0.2–1.3 μg), respectively, which represented on average 15%, 36%, and 50%, respectively, of total CNB DNA content. Diagnostic accuracy was not inferior for less-extensive TPs, compared with more-extensive TPs.

Conclusions

Vigorous TPs may contain a substantial fraction of CNB cellularity and DNA content, whereas more-limited TPs are less disruptive to CNBs but remain suitable for cytologic assessment. We suggest avoiding excessively forceful TPs and, whenever clinically feasible, obtaining additional samples to ensure sufficient cellularity for potential ancillary studies.
An Assessment of Wheat Procurement Issues in Jafferabad District of Balochistan
Authors: Parvez A. Rind  , Abdul Latif Bhutto  , Rafique A. Chandio  , Khalid N. Panhwar  , Aijaz A. Khooharo
Published: December 2014

Exploitation of farmers’ profit margins by middlemen is well documented and reported by various studies. In this regard, public sector initiated support price and procurement policies especially for wheat. Presently, Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation (PASSCO) is a key procurement agency in Pakistan. It has been reported that in certain cases, PASSCO do not reach directly to farmers for the purchase of wheat. Hence, the role of middlemen in procurement of wheat is once again emerging and leaving low profit margins for the farmers. In this regard, this study aimed to assess wheat procurement issues in Jaffarabad district of Balochistan. Quite a large majority of the respondents were aware about seed dealers (69.4%), whole sellers (66.6%) and commission agents (62.5%). On the other hand, majority (55.5%) of the respondents were not aware about procurement centers of PASSCO. Price variation by various wheat procurement agencies was observed from Rs. 22.50kg-1 offered by seed dealer to Rs. 31.25 kg-1 offered by PASSCO. One fourth (25.0%) of the respondents opted “lack availability of gunny bags” as one of the top most problem in selling wheat while 20.8% respondents reported for timely availability (especially during harvesting season) of gunny bags as a serious problem. Lack of coordination was reported by 13.8% while the same proportion of the respondents was of the opinion “delay in announcement of the support price” is one of the most important issues. Majority (94.44%) of the farmers suggested that the transport facilities should be provided to farming community for transport of their wheat from farm to market.
Caractéristiques individuelles, familiales et scolaires des élèves et leurs influences sur les probabilités de décrochage : analyses selon l’âge du décrochage
Authors: Lecocq Aurélie , Fortin Laurier , Lessard Anne
Published: December 2014

Nous nous proposons d’étudier les caractéristiques des élèves décrocheurs en fonction de leur âge. Ainsi, nous chercherons (1) à comparer les typologies des élèves décrocheurs de 14 à 17 ans à partir d’analyses descriptives non paramétriques puis (2) à déterminer les probabilités de décrocher en fonction des caractéristiques des élèves selon leur âge, en mobilisant des régressions logistiques binaires. Nos analyses indiquent que les probabilités de décrocher sont associées essentiellement au comportement individuel chez les plus jeunes, et à un ensemble de facteurs scolaires chez les plus âgés. Ainsi, notre étude tend à montrer l’importance de l’âge dans le processus de décrochage scolaire.
Analyse fréquentielle régionale des précipitations journalières maximales annuelles dans le bassin hydrographique - Chéliff, Algérie
Authors: Benhattab Karima , Bouvier Christophe , Meddi Mohamed
Published: December 2014

L’estimation locale des pluies extrêmes et de leur période de retour est souvent peu précise du fait de données peu nombreuses. Le regroupement de données d’une même région permet souvent d’améliorer la précision de cette estimation. Cet article propose une approche régionale pour l’estimation des pluies journalières de fréquence rare, pour le bassin hydrographique du Cheliff (nord-ouest de l´Algérie). La première étape consiste à définir et à valider les régions homogènes de la zone d’étude. Le test d'homogénéité est basé sur la statistique H, qui compare les rapports des L-moments calculés localement à chaque station à leur moyenne sur la région considérée. La deuxième étape consiste à identifier la distribution régionale et à estimer ses paramètres par analyse du diagramme des L-moments et/ou calcul de la statistique Zdist, qui compare les rapports des L-moments régionaux à ceux de la distribution candidate. La loi GEV (« General Extreme Value »), qui a été utilisée dans plusieurs études antérieures de régionalisation des précipitations extrêmes, a été identifiée comme distribution régionale adéquate. Les paramètres de la GEV ont été calculés à l’aide de la définition des L-CV, L-CS et L-CK régionaux. La troisième étape consiste à déterminer localement les quantiles de pluie associés aux différentes périodes de retour, par multiplication du L-coefficient de variation régionale L-CV par la moyenne des précipitations journalières maximales annuelles observées au site considéré. Les pluies calculées par cette méthode, qui peut être appliquée à toute station de la zone étudiée, peuvent être significativement différentes de celles calculées par ajustement local. Les valeurs de l’erreur quadratique moyenne entre les quantiles calculés par approche régionale ou locale sont égales à 10 % pour la pluie journalière maximale annuelle décennale, et à 35 % pour la pluie journalière maximale annuelle centennale. Cette erreur diminue quand la longueur de la série locale augmente, ce qui suggère que l’approche régionale consolide effectivement l’estimation des quantiles de pluie.
DIFICULDADES ENCONTRADAS PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE AO REALIZAR DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DE AUTISMO
Authors: De Oliveira Jendreieck Céres
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo conhecer as dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais da saúde ao realizar o diagnóstico precoce de autismo. Foram entrevistados oito profissionais da saúde responsáveis pelo diagnóstico ou que participam dele (pediatras, psiquiatras, psicólogos e neuropediatras). Foi utilizado um método qualitativo, de forma que não se buscou uma amostra representativa, mas sim a descoberta de indicadores dessas dificuldades de diagnóstico precoce presentes na prática clínica dos entrevistados. Os resultados das entrevistas foram organizados conforme os temas a que se referiam e depois discutidos. Esses resultados permitiram compreender que muitas das dificuldades apontadas podem ser enfrentadas por esses profissionais por meio de estudos aprofundados e atualização constante, práticas que possibilitem conhecer melhor o paciente e sua família, além de práticas interdisciplinares. O diagnóstico precoce e apropriado é importante para que se inicie o tratamento o mais cedo possível, com o objetivo de possibilitar melhores condições de vida para a criança autista.
PROPOSTA DE REDUÇÃO DA IDADE PENAL: VISÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Stivaleti Colombarolli Maíra , De Souza e Silva Kathlen , Alice d’Ávila Becker Maria , Katsurayama Marilise
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo objetiva conhecer a opinião dos profissionais com vivência na área da Psicologia Jurídica e no atendimento de adolescentes em conflito com a lei da cidade de Manaus a respeito da proposta de redução da idade penal, que se encontra em tramitação no Senado Federal. O tema foi escolhido com vistas à relevância política e social, bem como devido a sua importância acadêmica. No curso metodológico percorrido, utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado que abordou a opinião dos profissionais a respeito da mencionada proposta, bem como sobre as possíveis contribuições da Psicologia para o tema. Assim, são apresentados argumentos favoráveis e contrários à redução da idade penal, buscando-se um debate entre as áreas do Direito e da Psicologia a fim de gerar esclarecimento e espaço para reflexão sobre o efetivo resultado pela lei, tendo em vista ainda a importância da promoção de políticas públicas que ultrapassem a questão da aplicação de medidas sócio-educativas aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei, e que contemplem também o acesso a condições de vida favoráveis ao desenvolvimento psicossocial saudável, provocando cidadania e prevenção do crime.
Transcriptional profiling at whole population and single cell levels reveals somatosensory neuron molecular diversity
Authors: Chiu Isaac M , Barrett Lee B , Williams Erika K , Strochlic David E , Lee Seungkyu , Weyer Andy D , Lou Shan , Bryman Gregory S , Roberson David P , Ghasemlou Nader , Piccoli Cara , Ahat Ezgi , Wang Victor , Cobos Enrique J , Stucky Cheryl L , Ma Qiufu , Liberles Stephen D , Woolf Clifford J
Published: December 2014

The somatosensory nervous system is critical for the organism's ability to respond to mechanical, thermal, and nociceptive stimuli. Somatosensory neurons are functionally and anatomically diverse but their molecular profiles are not well-defined. Here, we used transcriptional profiling to analyze the detailed molecular signatures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. We used two mouse reporter lines and surface IB4 labeling to purify three major non-overlapping classes of neurons: 1) IB4+SNS-Cre/TdTomato+, 2) IB4−SNS-Cre/TdTomato+, and 3) Parv-Cre/TdTomato+ cells, encompassing the majority of nociceptive, pruriceptive, and proprioceptive neurons. These neurons displayed distinct expression patterns of ion channels, transcription factors, and GPCRs. Highly parallel qRT-PCR analysis of 334 single neurons selected by membership of the three populations demonstrated further diversity, with unbiased clustering analysis identifying six distinct subgroups. These data significantly increase our knowledge of the molecular identities of known DRG populations and uncover potentially novel subsets, revealing the complexity and diversity of those neurons underlying somatosensation.
Relating Systems Thinking and Design II. Theoretical Evolution in Systemic Design
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: December 2014

We have joined two issues of FORMakademisk to accommodate two sets of articles developed from remarkable early work presented at the 2013 Relating Systems Thinking to Design Symposium in Oslo. We organized these papers into a theory set, and a set for practice of systemic design, although most of these theoretical works are deeply informed by design and planning practices. The theory issue, Theoretical Evolution in Systemic Design, comprises the perspectives of scholars contributing new work crossing the former boundaries between systems theory and design thinking.