bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The main interpretations of the process of democratization in modern political science
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey
Published: December 2023

The article examines the interpretations of the political processes of democratization by authoritative Russian and foreign researchers, primarily by political scientists, as well as modern characteristics and trends of democratization based on both recognized established theories of the XX century and the most modern research and scientific publications. The article has a review-analytical character. The method of secondary analysis of scientific sources is applied. The author highlights structural and procedural/actor approaches to the study of democratic transits. Attention is paid to the global pace of democratization of political systems of states in the XX century and modern trends in democratization based on data from monitoring centers specializing in socio-political research. It is shown that the pace of democratization at the global level is currently declining, which may indicate a naturally expected decline in the "third wave" of democratization in S.Huntington's terminology. Based on the conducted analytical research, the main criteria that ensure the reproduction of the democratic system are identified: the formation and functioning of the party and electoral systems, the consolidation of the electorate based on the adoption of democratic values, the formation and development of civil society, on the basis of which in the future it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis after identifying the relevant indicators. The factors hindering democratization are considered. Attention is paid to the proposals of researchers aimed at improving the quality and sustainability of democracy. A remark is also made that for a number of states the expediency of fully adopting liberal democracy is currently a debatable topic due to the presence of at least two conceptually different paradigms of understanding and interpreting democracy: Western and eastern models of democracy with different roots. The relevance of the studied topic is explained by the fact that the variety and state of the political system of the state somehow affect every citizen; studies of the processes of development of political systems can contribute to the search for optimal ways of reform.
Results of the Finnish parliamentary elections and their possible impact on Russian-Finnish relations
Authors: Guseletov Boris
Published: December 2023

The article examines the results of the next parliamentary elections in Finland, which took place on April 2, 2023. The author assesses the performance of the main political parties in the period since the previous elections and considers the key positions of the election campaigns of the parties that passed to parliament in 2023. In order to identify the dynamics of changes in the political situation, the author conducts a comparative analysis of the results of the leading political parties in Finland in the elections of 2019 and 2023, and characterizes the parties that were represented in the parliament in the period from 2019 to 2023. The author considers the results of the government formed in December 2019 headed by the leader of the Social Democratic Party S.Marin, the possible reasons for the preservation of the high rating of the head of this government among the population and its impact on the course of the election campaign in 2023.
Special attention is paid to the position of the Finnish leadership and leading political parties regarding Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. Finland's support of anti-Russian measures and NATO membership has destroyed many years of trade and economic ties between the countries. The forecast for the further development of Russian-Finnish relations cannot be called optimistic: the mutual cooling of recent years is likely to continue. There is a chance to build new ties between Russia and Finland, but it requires certain efforts and counter steps from both countries.
Evolution of geopolitical expansion of Western powers in the Asia-Pacific region: confrontation between China and the AUKUS bloc countries
Authors: Cherneva Tatyana
Published: December 2023

The article presents an assessment of the evolution of the institutional environment of multilateral military and political cooperation between Western powers (USA and UK) in the Asia-Pacific region. The basis of the study was determined by military alliances in the Asia-Pacific region from the second half of the twentieth century to the present. The need to assess the evolution of the multilateral alliance of Western powers in the Asia-Pacific region is due to the current dynamics of changes in the approach to the implementation of military cooperation, which determines the need to create a new military alliance of the AUKUS type; as well as an analysis of the influence of the new alliance on the emerging international security system in the context of a stagnating confrontation between the United States and its allies and the People's Republic of China (including the strategic partnership with the Russian Federation).
As a result of the study, it was revealed that the emergence of a military and political alliance of the AUKUS type is due to the evolutionary-strategic need for the leader of the alliance (USA) to consolidate its hegemony within the Asia-Pacific region after the loss of influence in the region and the establishment of the dominance of the People's Republic of China in the early twentieth century. The general geopolitical trends in the development of the system of military and political alliance were also identified in the context of a correlating increase in conflict potential in the regional security system of the Asia-Pacific region with the increasing need of China to develop a strategic partnership with Russia against the backdrop of the military and political and economic crisis between the United States (and its allies) and the PRC. The intensifying confrontation between Washington and Beijing motivates the further deepening of Russian-Chinese relations. Both in the field of trade, economic and military cooperation.
Fair ratio of private and public interests and proportionality
Authors: Zavgorodniaia Anastacija A.
Published: December 2023

The issues of interaction, coordination and balancing of interests are considered. Despite many studies, this issue remains relevant and has a direct connection with the ideas of justice. The purpose of work is to consider the ratio of private and public interests as a result of the application of proportionality. The methodological basis of the study is: general and specific scientific methods, namely logical; techniques such as analysis, abstraction are used, and a system-functional approach is applied. Speaking about balance, the emphasis is on the fact that a static balance of interests clearly cannot be the optimal form of their ratio, since in certain changing circumstances it is objectively necessary to change it, shifting the emphasis, establishing the priority of one interest over another. The law cannot cover all relations with its regulation, therefore instrumental principles will contribute to the settlement, in particular the principle of proportionality, which will consider (resolve) the confrontation between private and public interests. It is noted that although the principle of proportionality, as a rule, is not directly named in normative acts, but is translated in legal interpretative acts devoted to human rights, its application is determined by the presence in them of general or special provisions that allow for the limitation of rights subject to a number of certain conditions. Proportionality is considered as: adequacy, the principle of proportional limitation of rights and freedoms; type of judicial control; concept; methodology – all this once again speaks of the multidimensionality of the scope of application, and at the level of state (national) doctrine – of the peculiarities of legal understanding and legal culture. There are several methods for determining proportionality, which vary depending on the scope of application, types of legal understanding and the specific doctrine dominant in a particular community. It is concluded that balance or proportionality (equilibrium) in the meaning of fair provision and implementation of private and public interests is associated with the issue of the specifics of the stage-by-stage application of the instrumental principle of proportionality, and any restriction of the rights of subjects at the legislative-creative level must be subject to the algorithm of proportionality , while any priority between interests will be proportional to the extent that it is recognized in a particular society, as well as how fair and democratic the discourse was. As a result, the balance of interests will be recognized as that ratio in which the priority of one of them is not excessive and does not introduce suboptimal conflict in any area of relations, there is no negative dynamics in the socio-legal, political and legal environment.
Structure of secondary law
Authors: Kramskoy Vadim V.
Published: December 2023

The internal structure of secondary law is considered as a universal theoretical and legal construct, used not only in private law areas, but also in public law. At the same time, the prevailing civilistic approach to the study of secondary rights in science is stated, which does not provide a fully objective picture of the essence of this legal structure. Based on the patterns of subjective law structure, based on theory of law works, we analyzed the content of the powers included in the secondary law, through which the interest inherent in the secondary law is realized. According to observations, only two powers can form the construction of a secondary law –the power to one’s own behavior and the power to someone else’s behavior (the authority to demand). At the same time, for secondary law development, in some cases, only one power is sufficient – the power to one’s own behavior, in others, it is possible for the initially two named powers to coexist within the framework of one construction of secondary law, or the power to someone else’s behavior can have an auxiliary property for the purposes of exercising the right to one’s own behavior. In addition, theoretical calculations are given regarding the dependence of the set of powers in the structure of secondary law on the type of legal relationship (regulatory, protective, industrial) and the properties of stability and dynamism of the structure of secondary law in the conditions of modern legal reality are studied. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are formulated.
Legal regime of information turnover
Authors: Blinkova Elena V. , Anan’eva Ekaterina O.
Published: December 2023

The study examines the problematic issues of making transactions with a unique object, which is information. We consider the definition of information through the analysis of normative legal acts and its significance in the modern period of time. Today, such a transaction object can have a special impact on various fields of activity, for example, such as agriculture, the development of the IT industry, the transition of the state to domestic digital formats, and much more. The provision of information for a fee is of particular importance in connection with the total linking of all spheres of citizens’ lives to debit and credit cards. Such information, when it is distributed or lost by credit organizations, carries quite problematic processes for civil society, because on its basis it is easy enough to analyze and calculate not only the location of a person, his interests and even the sphere of activity and hobbies. The weak protection of personal data makes it possible to develop new technologies of psychological impact on citizens and already with their help transfer victims’ funds accumulated in personal accounts to third-party organizations and other people’s property. Distorted and unsupported information that can be covered by mass media that already have the name and reputation of responsible and honest information companies can create a negative opinion among both a certain category of citizens and the world community. Such actions with the distortion of acquired information can even affect the political and economic situation around the world. So, information, its acquisition, dissemination, distortion, reusable use and protection in the 21st century is the most formidable, influential and one of the leading segments for activities in any direction of human development, including in the commercial sphere.
On the issue of positive behavior in criminal law
Authors: Kolosovsky Oleg V.
Published: December 2023

The legislator’s decision on the issue of criminalization and decriminalization of acts is inextricably linked with the development of an attitude towards a particular act as positive, neutral or socially dangerous. We focus on the fact that ultimately the social purpose of criminal law norms is the assessment and direction of individual behavior in a socially useful way. The question of what kind of behavior in criminal law can be considered positive is considered. The content of this concept is characterized taking into account its historical variability. It is concluded that positive behavior in the doctrine of criminal law can’t be limited within the scope of post-criminal behavior. Turning to the philosophical understanding of values and the developments of conflictology made it possible to substantiate the distinctive feature of positive behavior is social utility. The conducted research made it possible to conclude that exemption from criminal liability due to the execution of an order or instruction has a different social and legal justification compared to other grounds that exclude the criminality of an act.
Extremism and terrorism on the Internet as crimes in the field of computer information on a global scale
Authors: Popova Elena A. , Kuznetsova Irina S.
Published: December 2023

In modern conditions of informatization, the population is faced with problems of a different nature, as well as various forms of manifestation. The problem is considered, which has a universal character, which on a global scale represents the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism. At the moment, the world community is making enormous efforts to develop the latest methods and means of combating these particularly serious crimes, such as extremism and terrorism, their consequences are cruel and sometimes even irreparable. When studying issues related to extremism and terrorism on the Internet, well-known theoretical methods were used: deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis. The use of the formal legal method of private law made it possible to study and evaluate the texts of regulatory legal acts. The purpose of study is to analyze the general characteristics of extremism and terrorism on the Internet as an illegal act committed in the field of computer information on a global scale, as well as to identify and resolve the most pressing and controversial issues, both theoretically and practically, in relation to the problem under consideration. Today, terrorists and extremists are increasingly using the sphere of telecommunications and computer information to realize their criminal intentions. Let us note that extremist and terrorist crimes committed specifically using the sphere of computer information pose global threats, are very dangerous and serious not only for Russian society and the state, but also for the world community in general. The damage caused by these types of crimes is growing exponentially.
Application of the method of forensic odorology in the detection and investigation of crimes: problems and prospects
Authors: Levashova Olga V.
Published: December 2023

The order, peculiarities of application of odorologic research method in modern forensics are considered. In the investigative practice there are situations when only odor traces of a person remain at the scene of a crime, and often these traces are subsequently enough to expose the guilty persons in the commission of a particular crime, which indicates that the method under consideration has real value in the study of “odor traces” with the use of detectors dogs. In modern forensics, the application of the method under consideration is an effective tool in the investigation and detection of criminal offenses, the results of which are recognized as an appropriate source of data (evidence) during the trial. At the same time, the effectiveness of this method depends on the qualifications of specialists conducting odorological research, inspection and research of the scene, terrain or premises, the scope of knowledge of the expert and the possibilities of application of this method. The procedural and tactical problems of considered method application are also considered, possible ways of mentioned problems solution are offered. In particular, proposals are made concerning the organization of additional training on the application of forensic odorology method, the implementation of practical training in specialized educational institutions on the considered method application, as well as research to clarify and scientifically substantiate the problematic issues arising in the application of forensic odorology method.
On continuous and Lipschitz selections of multivalued mappings given by systems of inequalities
Authors: Khachatryan Rafik A.
Published: December 2023

We consider a multivalued mapping of the following form a(x)={y∈Y | f_i (x,y)≤0,i∈I},x∈X, where X⊂R^m is compact; Y⊂R^n is convex compact; the gradients 〖f'〗_iy (x,y), i∈I, of the functions f_i (x,y) along y satisfy the Lipschitz condition on Y; I is a finite set of indices. Using the linearization method, existence theorems for continuous and Lipschitz selectors passing through any point of the graph of the multivalued mapping a are proved. Both local and global theorems are obtained. Examples are given that confirm the significance of the assumptions made, as well as examples illustrating the application of the obtained statements to optimization problems.
Science et pseudo-science de l’agronomie à l’agriculture biodynamique, et retour
Authors: Brault Nicolas , Rey Olivier
Published: December 2023

Alors que le débat sur le caractère scientifique ou pseudo-scientifique de l’agriculture biodynamique occupe régulièrement le débat public, l’histoire et la philosophie des sciences ne semblent que très peu s’être emparées de ce sujet. La thèse défendue ici est double : tout d’abord, si l’agriculture biodynamique rencontre un relatif succès aujourd’hui, cela tient sans doute au fait que son théoricien, R. Steiner, a été un des premiers à critiquer le paradigme qui domine l’agronomie, ou en tout cas l’agriculture, depuis plus d’un siècle. Cette critique semble d’ailleurs se maintenir dans ses motifs tout au long du XXe siècle, jusqu’à une certaine critique contemporaine de l’agro-industrie et de ses conséquences désastreuses sur l’environnement. Or, et c’est la seconde thèse défendue ici, cette critique semble méconnaître voire occulter la réalité des débats internes qui ont traversé l’agronomie au cours du XXe siècle et qui continuent de l’agiter aujourd’hui : l’agronomie système a ainsi par exemple intégré dans ses objets des éléments de l’agriculture biodynamique. Selon nous, le problème principal est que l’agronomie est souvent abordée selon une approche externaliste, qui doit impérativement être complétée par une approche internaliste afin tout d’abord de distinguer ce qui relève de la science et ce qui relève du mysticisme, et ensuite de saisir toute la richesse historique et épistémologique de l’agronomie.
Revue de l'équité algorithmique
Authors: Pégny Maël
Published: December 2023

Cet article présente un état de l'art critique du sous-champ de l'éthique de l'Intelligence Artificielle nommé "équité algorithmique". Il se concentre en particulier sur un objet récent, mais faisant objet d'une activité intense, à savoir les critières statistiques de l'équité algorithmique. Il s'agit de critères permettant de déterminer si un algorithme ou modèle prédictif de ML ne présente pas de biais défavorable à l'égard d'une population donnée en examinant les caractéristiques statistiques de son comportement entrées-sortie. Nous commençons par présenter les diverses définitions au centre des conversations récentes, ainsi qu'un résultat crucial d'impossibilité d'optimisation simultanée de toutes ces métriques, nommé "résultat d'incompatibilité." Nous discutons ensuite les leçons philosophiques à tirer de cette pluralité de définitions et du résultat d'incompatibilité. Nous finissons par une discussion critique portant sur les difficultés provenant de la représentation par des variables mathématiques de réalités sociales complexes comme l'appartenance identitaire à une population donnée, ou la caractérisation d'un discours comme discours de haine.
The international rare disease research consortium (IRDiRC): making rare disease research efforts more efficient and collaborative around the world
Authors: Chan Chun-Hung , Parker Samantha , Pearce David A.
Published: December 2023

The International Rare Disease Research Consortium, or IRDiRC, is a global consortium of key stakeholders from different facets of rare disease research that together seek to drive advances in diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient outcomes. The consortium facilitates a global and cross-disciplinary exchange of ideas to tackle key issues in rare diseases through the development of recommendations, data standards, tools, and guidelines that harmonize research efforts and improve efficiency. While IRDiRC has made significant contributions to the development of new therapies and diagnostics since its establishment in 2011, much work remains to alleviate the burden of rare diseases. The consortium has demonstrated its success in providing a global platform to advance rare disease research through collaborative efforts worldwide and continues to identify and address barriers to health equity for all rare disease patients.
Informasi tentang DAGUSIBU (Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, dan Buang Obat dengan Benar) di Apotek Kimia Farma 188 S.Parman
Authors: Sari Sindwi Rinanda , Ramadhan Rezka Fajar , Muslimawati Khoirunnisa , Normaidah Normaidah
Published: December 2023

Kalangan masyarakat masih banyak ditemui masalah kesehatan contohnya terkait obat. Salah satu permasalahan obat di kalangan Masyarakat yaitu tentang cara penggunaan obat yang tepat dan benar. program DAGUSIBU (DApatkan, GUnakan, SImpan, BUang) merupakan cara yang tepat untuk menerapkan program tersebut di kalangan masyarakat. DAGUSIBU merupakan promosi kesehatan mengenai DApatkan, GUnakan, SImpan, Buang obat dengan baik dan benar. Tujuan promosi kesehatan ini untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang menggunakan obat yang benar agar keberhasilan pengobatan dapat tercapai dan menghindari rusaknya lingkungan dikarenakan tidak tepatnya proses pembuangan limbah obat.  Lokasi promosi kesehatan terkait DAGUSIBU ialah Apotek Kimia Farma 188 S. Parman. Metode yang dipilih dalam menyampaikan informasi menggunakan media leaflet. Dari aktivitas dilakukan terhadap 10 pasien yang sangat antusias dalam mendengarkan penerangan dan aktif bertanya terkait penggunaan obat serta penanganannya. Kata Kunci: DAGUSIBU, Promosi Kesehatan, Kimia Farma   Various health problems, particularly related to drugs, are still found in the community. Various problems related to drugs can be caused by misunderstanding about the use and handling of drugs properly. One way to manage drugs properly and correctly is to implement the DAGUSIBU program (Get, Use, Save, Throw Away). DAGUSIBU is a health promotion about Get, Use, Save, Dispose of drugs properly. The purpose of this health promotion activity is to provide information about the correct use of drugs so that treatment goals can be achieved and do not cause environmental damage due to the wrong disposal of medicinal waste at Kimia Farma 188 S. Parman Drugstore. The method chosen in conveying information is using leaflets. The results of the activity were carried out on 10 patients who were very enthusiastic in listening to the explanations and actively asking questions regarding the use of drugs and their treatment
Bangkok: 1999-2542. Evaluando el legado de la Sexta Edición de “Cities on the Move”
Authors: García-Moro Francisco
Published: December 2023

“Cities on the Move” fue una exposición itinerante de arte comisariada por Hans-Ulrigh Obrist y Hou Hanru dedicada a las emergentes ciudades de Asia. La sexta edición tuvo lugar en 1999 en Bangkok, una ciudad que aún se estaba recuperando de una grave crisis financiera. Por aquel entonces, la capital tailandesa carecía de recintos expositivos aptos para muestras internacionales. Sin embargo, tal inconveniente se convirtió en una oportunidad para exponer las obras de arte en el mismo contexto urbano para el que habían sido concebidas. El acontecimiento tuvo lugar en un contexto no-occidental que se encontraba en el apogeo de su particular encarnación de la Postmodernidad, un período histórico en el que la globalización estaba en una fase incipiente y el ascenso de China era aún una mera promesa. El manifiesto de los comisarios, así como el montaje expositivo de la muestra, estuvieron marcadamente influidos por las visionarias ideas del arquitecto holandés Rem Koolhaas acerca del vertiginoso desarrollo en ciernes de Asia. Este evento no ha recibido hasta la fecha una atención equiparable a la de otras ediciones que contaron con mejores medios y atención por parte7 de la crítica. Casi veinticinco años después, examinamos a través de la lente de la arquitectura las condiciones que acompañaron a la Sexta Edición de “Cities on the Move” en Bangkok, evaluando su legado como un acontecimiento crucial en el arte contemporáneo y los estudios urbanos en Asia.Abstracts“Cities on the Move” was an itinerant art exhibition curated by Hans-Ulrigh Obrist and Hou Hanru that versed about modern urbanity in Asia. The sixth edition took place in 1999 in Bangkok, a city that was still recovering from a severe financial crisis. At that time, the Thai capital lacked exhibition venues fit for international shows.However, such inconvenience turned into an opportunity to display the artworks right at the urban realm for which they had been created. The event took place in a non-Western setting at the cusp of its particular stance of Postmodernity, at a time when globalization was in its nascent stages and the rise of China was a mere promise. The curatorial manifest, as well as the setup of the itinerant show, was markedly influenced by architect Rem Koolhaas and his vision about the upcoming development of Asia. To date, the Bangkok event has not received the same attention as other editions that enjoyed better support and attention by worldwide critics. Almost twenty-five years later, we examine through the lens of architecture the conditions that accompanied the Sixth Edition of “Cities on the Move”, assessing the significance of its legacy as a pivot moment in contemporary art and urban studies in Asia.
La materialización en diagramas arquitectónicos hápticos
Authors: Gökçe-Özdamar Esen
Published: December 2023

Este artículo se centra en las posibilidades que ofrecen los materiales hápticos y tridimensionales en los diagramas arquitectónicos creados en el proceso de diseño. Estos materiales pueden inspirar a los diseñadores y potenciar su creatividad. Los diagramas hápticos incorporan la experiencia del diseñador al problema de diseño y, por tanto, mejoran sus procesos mediante la eficacia incorporada. La primera sección del artículo enumera y explica brevemente los diagramas arquitectónicos y sus tipos. En la segunda sección se valoran los diagramas arquitectónicos analógicos o digitales con cualidades táctiles. Los diagramas hápticos se clasifican en función de su contenido y del entorno en el que se crean, con tres tipos de agudeza visual: si son lineales o fragmentarios, complejos o transparentes, y si están distorsionados geométricamente. El artículo sostiene que los diagramas arquitectónicos hápticos pueden mejorar la plasmación del pensamiento de diseño en la arquitectura. Los diagramas hápticos, ya sean analógicos, digitales o tridimensionales, pueden ayudar a los arquitectos a comunicarse y colaborar más eficazmente con las personas que perciben la arquitectura, al proporcionar una representación tangible y háptica del diseño. Y es que los diagramas hápticos son objetos que transmiten la materialidad de la forma y encarnan el conocimiento, transmitiendo la metodología del diseño de forma experiencial. AbstractThis article focuses on the possibilities afforded by haptic and three-dimensional materials in architectural diagrams created in the design process. These materials can inspire designers and enhance their creativity. Haptic diagrams incorporate the designer’s experience into the design problem, and therefore improve design processes through embodied efficiency. The first section of the article enumerates and briefly explains architectural diagrams and their types. In the second section, analog or digitally made architectural diagrams with tactile qualities are appraised. Haptic diagrams are classified based on their content and the setting in which they are created, with three types of visual acuity, including whether they are linear or fragmentary, complex or transparent, and whether they are geometrically distorted. The article argues that haptic architectural diagrams can improve the embodiment of design thinking in architecture. Haptic diagrams, whether analog, digital, or 3D, can help architects to communicate and collaborate more effectively with people perceiving architecture, by providing a tangible, haptic representation of design. This is because haptic diagrams are objects which convey materiality of form and embody knowledge, conveying design methodology experientially.
La cultura arquitectónica durante la transición
Authors: Delgado-Orusco Eduardo
Published: December 2023

La idea de este libro forma parte del gran proyecto cultural y bibliográfico que, a través de numerosas iniciativas, el profesor Carlos Sambricio está llevando a cabo en las últimas décadas. Este proyecto consiste en un riguroso cartografiado coral de la cultura arquitectónica española del siglo XX, que atiende a todas sus variables. Las futuras generaciones de historiadores de la arquitectura –y de arquitectos con inquietud–agradecerán la ambición, pero también la pasión que este profesor está imprimiendo en esta empresa y que, más allá de modas y querencias, está enriqueciendo y transformando la visión que de la arquitectura de este período hemos podido llegar a alcanzar.AbstractThe idea for this book is part of the great cultural and bibliographical project that Professor Carlos Sambricio has undertaken over the last few decades through several initiatives. The project involves a rigorous collaborative mapping of twentieth-century Spanish architectural culture, addressing all its variables. Future generations of architectural historians—and inquisitive architects—will be grateful for the ambition and passion that this professor is imprinting into this enterprise that, beyond fashions and inclinations, is enriching and transforming the vision we have attained of the architecture of the period.
Nacionalismo y fútbol: el rechazo de los Gobiernos británico y francés a la Superliga Europea de Fútbol = Nationalism and Football: the rejection of the British and French Governments to the European Football Super League
Authors: Illa Boris Jorge , Rivas Frías Bruno
Published: December 2023

ResumenLa reacción de los Gobiernos británico y francés contra la puesta en marcha de una Superliga Europea de fútbol fue una evidencia de que el discurso nacionalista, que ha ganado fuerza en los últimos años, también se ha extendido al campo deportivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del nacionalismo en la postura de rechazo manifestada por los Gobiernos francés e inglés a la puesta en marcha de una Superliga Europea. La hipótesis que es puesta a prueba es que las administraciones de Boris Johnson y Emanuel Macron reconocieron el capital político que otorgaba presentar una postura nacionalista en un contexto en el que la globalización está presentando retrocesos. Para cumplir con ello, se aplicó un enfoque exploratorio a partir de un análisis cualitativo de contenido que permitiera reconocer la presencia del discurso nacionalista en las declaraciones de los gobiernos implicados y una herramienta de Política Comparada del Diseño de Sistemas Diferentes que permitió contrastar los casos estudiado. Tras el análisis se pudo observar que ambos gobiernos apelaron a un discurso nacionalista en el que la defensa al fútbol local se apoyó en una identidad, valores nacionales y fronteras territoriales. Mientras el británico lo hizo desde una mirada local, el Francés desde una continental.  AbstractThe reaction of the British and French Governments against the launch of a European Football Super League was evidence that the nationalist discourse, which has gained traction in recent years, has also spread to the sports field. This article aims to analyze the influence of nationalism on the stance of rejection expressed by the French and English Governments to the launch of a European Super League. The hypothesis that is being tested is that the administrations of Boris Johnson and Emmanuel Macron recognized the political capital provided by presenting a nationalist position in a context in which globalization is presenting setbacks. To comply with this, an exploratory approach was applied from a qualitative content analysis that allowed to recognize the presence of nationalist discourse in the declarations of the governments involved and a tool of Comparative Policy of the Design of Different Systems that allowed to contrast the cases studied. After the analysis, it was observed that both governments appealed to a nationalist discourse in which the defense of local football was supported by an identity, national values and territorial borders. While the British did it from a local perspective, the French from a continental one.
Galeno entrenador. Una lectura de De Sanitate Tuenda = Galen, the coach. A Reading of De Sanitate Tuenda
Authors: Bertolín Cebrián Reyes
Published: December 2023

ResumenA Galeno se le conoce principalmente por sus críticas hacia el deporte profesional. Sin embargo, el presente artículo demuestra que era muy buen conocedor de las prácticas deportivas cotidianas y de los ejercicios practicados para desarrollar la velocidad, la fuerza y la potencia. Se deriva de esto que debió de observar a los atletas en sus entrenamientos muy atentamente. En su tratado Sobre la Salud (De Sanitate Tuenda) Galeno también habla acerca de la necesidad del calentamiento y enfriamiento para evitar la fatiga, la importancia de individualizar el entrenamiento y los momentos adecuados para la práctica deportiva. La terminología utilizada por galeno ha llegado hasta nuestros días. AbstractGalen is usually known as a critic of professional sport. On the other hand, I contend in this article that he was very familiar with the techniques needed for developing the strength, power and speed of the athletes and the daily routines of exercise. He must have observed athletes during their training very carefully. In his treatise On Health (De Sanitate Tuenda) Galen describes the need for warming up and cooling down when exercising as a way to avoid fatigue. He mentions also the importance of adapting the training routines to individuals and training at the proper time. His terminology is very modern and has arrived to us.
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/sustainable-citizen-decision-making-impact-of-the-cost-of-living-
Authors:   University of Dundee, Droubi Sufyan , Fernandes Fernando Lannes
Published: December 2023

The present report is the outcome of a research project commissioned by Zero Waste Scotland and carried out by the Just Transition Hub (JTH), University of Dundee, with the objective of understanding the ways in which the cost-of-living crisis has affected the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and communities towards a transition to a low-carbon economy in Scotland. We define the transition as encompassing both energy transition and the transition to a circular economy, so in this report the word “transition(s)” means both the referred transitions. We define the scope of “justice” to cover three dimensions – distributive, recognition and procedural. Briefly, distributive justice concerns the ideal of a fair share of the benefits and costs of the transition among different communities and stakeholders. Recognition justice respects the proper acknowledgement of marginalised individuals and communities who may be living in deprived urban areas. Procedural justice respects inclusion and effective participation of all, including marginalised actors, in public debate and decision-making. The study involved a literature review in narrative form (chapter 2) and a smallscale exploratory study (chapters 3 and 4), using a multi-strategy approach that included seven individual semi-structured expert interviews, four semi-structured citizen/consumer focus groups and one semi-structured expert focus group. Both the literature review and the empirical research adopted a thematic analysis approach, with clear research objectives identified in a standardised analysis framework. The present research is part of a broader series of investigations commissioned by Zero Waste Scotland to understand circular economy perspectives and sustainable decision-making in times of crises to help inform Zero Waste Scotland’s communication, engagement and further research for a just transition. The present study is complemented by parallel research being conducted by the University of Highlands and Islands with a focus on rural communities.
On Duality Principles and Related Convex Dual Formulations Suitable for Local and Global Non-Convex Variational Optimization
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: December 2023

This article develops duality principles, a related convex dual formulation and primal dual formulations suitable for the local and global optimization of non-convex primal formulations for a large class of models in physics and engineering. The results are based on standard tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations and duality theory. In particular, we develop applications to a Ginzburg-Landau type equation. Other applications include primal dual variational formulations for a Burger's type equation and a Navier-Stokes system. We emphasize the novelty here is that the first dual variational formulation developed is convex for a primal formulation which is originally non-convex. Finally, we also highlight the primal dual variational formulations presented have a large region of convexity around any of their critical points.
Exploring Effectiveness and Usability of Synthetic Sar Data in Real Classification Scenarios: A Case Study
Authors: Centazzo Alessandro , Quattrini Andrea , Peternier Achille , Leidi Tiziano , Pasquali Paolo
Published: December 2023

In recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has received attention in the Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) field due to its ability to acquire images both day and night, combined with the superior resolution offered by the latest sensors. However, despite advances, there remains a deficiency in dataset quality and quantity. This has necessitated the use of simulated data to overcome challenges associated with obtaining large quantities of high-quality images of targets and their subsequent labeling. In this study, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using a simulated dataset, subsequently employing it to classify real images from the MSTAR dataset. Traditional training methodologies often struggle with generalization when confronted with domain disparities between simulated and real data. To mitigate this, we exploited Margin Disparity Discrepancy (MDD), a domain adaptation technique not previously explored in SAR context. Findings from this study showcased a 13% increase in classification accuracy and improved generalization using MDD. Through Explainable AI (XAI) techniques such as t-SNE and other metrics like Kullback Leibler Divergence (KLD), we revealed a more distinct alignment of feature spaces between the two domains after domain adaptation, emphasizing MDD’s role in enhancing model accuracy and generalization.
Taguchi Design Optimisation of Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Manganese (iv) Oxide Modified Maize Stalk Biochar
Authors: Tigalana Dan , Alunda Benard Ouma , Lee Yong Joong , Moro Kofi
Published: December 2023

When wastewater containing methylene blue, a cationic dye is improperly treated or immediately dumped into the environment, it can degrade the quality of water bodies and contaminate the ecological environment. The removal of methylene blue from the aqueous solution is critical and urgent. The present work focuses on the use of maize stalk agricultural waste to prepare an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye (methylene blue) from an aqueous solution. The prepared maize stalk biochar (MSB) was modified with MnO2 and the modified maize stalk biochar was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Taguchi technique was employed to determine the optimum conditions for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by MMSB. The factors were adsorbent dose (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 mL), initial dye concentration (100, 200 and 300 mg/L), contact time (30, 60, 90 minutes) and pH (4, 6 and 8). Among the investigated process factors, adsorption efficiency was influenced by adsorbent dose and initial MB dye concentration. The optimum parameters were 1 g/100 mL adsorbent dose, 100 mg/L initial dye concentration, 60 minutes contact time and a pH of 8.0. This yielded a removal efficiency of 87.49% with adsorption capacity of 206.53 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics agreed with the pseudo-second-order (R2 of 0.999968) model and fitted a Langmuir isotherm (R2 of 0.9795) representing homogeneous monolayer chemisorption.
Antivirals and Biologics for Broader Coverage Against Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Outteridge Mia , Nunn Christine Margaret , Devine Kevin , Patel Bhaven , McLean Gary R
Published: December 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome 27-31kbases in length. Critical genes include the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and 9 accessory open reading frames encoding for non-structural proteins (NSPs) that have multiple roles in the replication cycle and immune evasion (1). There are 7 known human CoVs that most likely appeared after zoonotic transfer, the most recent being SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. Antivirals that have been approved by the FDA for use against Covid-19 such as Paxlovid can potentially target and successfully inhibit the main protease (MPro) activity of multiple human CoVs, however alternative proteomes encoded by CoV genomes have a closer genetic similarity to each other, suggesting that antivirals could be developed now that target future CoVs. New zoonotic introductions of CoVs to humans are inevitable and unpredictable. Therefore, new antivirals are required to control not only the next human CoV outbreak, but also the 4 common human CoVs (229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1) that circulate frequently and to contain sporadic outbreaks of the severe human CoVs (SARS-CoV, MERS and SARS-CoV-2). The current study found that emerging antiviral drugs, such as Paxlovid, have only been proven to target SARS-CoV-2. Other drugs which have the potential to target other human CoVs, are still within clinical trial and are not yet available for public use. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 can reduce mortality and hospitalisation rates, however they target the Spike protein whose sequence mutates frequently and drifts. Spike also is not applicable for targeting other HCoVs as these are not well conserved sequences among human CoVs. Thus, there is a need for readily available treatments globally that target all 7 human CoVs and improve the preparedness for inevitable future outbreaks. Here we discuss antiviral research contributing to the control of common and severe CoV replication and transmission, including the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The aim was to identify common features of CoVs for antivirals, biologics and vaccines that could reduce the scientific, political, economic and public health strain caused by CoV outbreaks now and in the future.
Support Effect of Boron Nitride on the First N-H Bond Activation of NH3 on Ru Clusters
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhuang Huimin , Zhang Yixuan , Ma Lishuang , Xi Yanyan , Lin Xufeng
Published: December 2023

Support effect is an important issue in heterogeneous catalysis while the explicit role of a catalytic support is often unclear for catalytic reactions. A systematic density functional theory computational study is reported in this paper to elucidate the effect of a model boron nitride (BN) support on the first N-H bond activation step of NH3 on Run (n =1, 2, 3) metal clusters. Geometry optimizations and energy calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculation for intermediates and transition state from the starting materials undergoing the N-H activation process. The primary findings are summarized as follows. The involvement of the model BN support does not significantly alter the equilibrium structure of intermediates and transition state in the most favorable pathway (MFP). Moreover, the involvement of BN support decreases the free energy of activation, ΔG≠, thus improving the reaction rate constant. This improvement is more obvious at high temperatures like 673 K than low temperatures like 298 K. The BN support effect leading to the ΔG≠ decrease is most significant for the single Ru atom case among all three cases studied. Finally, the involvement of model BN may change the spin transition behavior of the reaction system during the N-H bond activation process. All these findings provide a deeper insight into the support effect on the N-H bond activation of NH3 for supported Ru catalyst in particular and for supported transition metal catalysts in general.
Hydromorphic Impact of Matera’s Urban Area
Authors: Ermini Ruggero , Fattore Carmen , Zoubi Amir Aubed
Published: December 2023

The urban planning transformations modify the morphological shape of the territory changing land uses and permeability of the areas involved in the evolution processes, thus also altering the hydrologic responses to climatic events, namely the urban drainage runoffs that impact on the environmental risk of modern cities. Using the watershed hydrologic concept, in its dynamic evolution, it is possible to consider the morphological layout together with the transformations implemented by the human activities and any different territorial portions could be analyzed in connection with the other areas related by the dynamics of the surface runoff, thus highlighting the reciprocal influences between the different areas. By examining the morphological shapes impacting surface outflows, the hydrological roles of upper-mountain, intermediate-hillside, and lower-valley areas reveal urban and non-urban connections. This elucidates hydromorphic complexities in urban transformations and assesses climate change adaptability. The proposed approach has been applied to the urban district of “Sasso Caveoso”, belonging to the city of Matera and consents to quantitatively synthesize the response of the context analyzed, referring to different scenarios and providing useful decision support tools.