bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Serum Omega 3 Levels on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in the Elderly Community
Authors: Salutondok Welly , Nur Riviati  , Yulianto kusnadi  , Erial Bahar  , Nova Kuniati  , Syamsu Indra
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction. Old age is related to geriatric syndrome where there are several healthproblems that often occur related to a decrease in body function and an increase inthe inflammatory process. Decrease in muscle mass, muscle strength and physicalperformance will lead to a condition of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome in the elderly.The importance of prevention so that sarcopenia does not occur in the elderly byevaluating the factors that can cause it, one of which is controlling nutritional factors(macro and micro nutrients), such as in research, namely omega-3 macronutrients.The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between serum omega-3levels with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderlycommunity at Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Methods. This research isan observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach which wasconducted at the Integrated Geriatric Clinic Internal Medicine RSMH Palembangfrom November 2019 to November 2020. A sample of 21 people aged> 60 years wasexamined for muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance and omega-levels. 3 serums. All data processing and analysis in this study used SPSS version25 for Windows. Results. Of the 21 subjects, it was found that women were 19people (90.5%) and 2 men (9.5%). The mean value of muscle mass was 37.65 ± 5.7,hand grip strength was 24.04 ± 5 kg, and walking speed was 6.72 ± 1.8 seconds per6 meters. There were 11 subjects with low serum omega-3 levels of 485.25 ± 110.19mg. There was a significant relationship between serum omega-3 levels and musclemass (p = 0.041) with moderate correlation strength (r = 0.448). Conclusion: Musclemass has a significant relationship with serum omega-3 levels in the elderly withmoderate strength. Meanwhile, muscle strength and physical performance did nothave a significant relationship.
Relationship between Interleukin 6 Serum Levels and Degree of Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Internal Disease in Dr. Moh Hoesin Palembang
Authors: Suharno Shinta , Eddy Mart Salim  , Ali Apriansyah  , Taufik Indrajaya  , Zen Ahmad  , Erial Bahar
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES) is a chronicautoimmune inflammatory disease affecting many organ systems with variedclinical manifestations, disease course and prognosis. One of the clinicalmanifestations that can occur is depression as much as 25%. In LESpatients, there is an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, one of which isIL-6, which is often associated with contributing to the pathophysiology ofdepression. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationshi pbetween serum IL-6 levels and the degree of depression in LES patients atRSUP DR. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods, analytic observationalstudy in the form of correlation test with cross sectional design which wasconducted in the Internal Medicine room RSUP DR. Mohammad HoesinPalembang from May 2019 to March 2020. The number of study subjectswas 40 samples who were LES patients with depression who had beencalculated using the BDI (Beck's Depression Inventory). All subjects wereexamined for serum IL-6 levels and evaluated for factors that influence it.Results, there were 40 study subjects aged 18-56 years. The median degreeof depression was 16 with a range of values from 10 to 40. There were 17people (42.5%) with mild depression degree, 14 people (35%) moderatedepression, and 9 people (22.5%) major depression. In LES activities, therewere 5 people (12.5%) with light LES activities, 20 people (50%) withmoderate LES activities, and 15 people (37.5%) with heavy LES activities.The mean serum IL-6 level was 11.57 pg / mL with a value range of 1.1-50pg/ mL. There was a significant correlation between the degree of depressi onand LES activity (p = 0.004; r = 0.444) and between serum IL-6 levels andthe degree of depression (p = 0.025; r = 0.169). However, there was nosignificant correlation between serum IL-6 levels and LES activity (p = 0.057;r = 0.304). Conclusion, there is a relationship between serum IL-6 levels andthe degree of depression in LES patients at Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang witha very weak correlation.
TO STUDY THE ROLE OF PLATELET INDICES (MPV, PDW, PCT, PLCR) AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN COMPARISON WITH APACHE II AND SAPS 3 SCORES IN SEVERE SEPSIS
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , . Laxmi , Kumhar Maniram , . Arunarya
Published: February 2021

Background: Platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet volume distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet large cell ratio (PLCR), these indices can be measured by an inexpensive and readily available routine blood count and may be useful as a prognostic marker in patients with sepsis

Methods: This study was planned to establish platelet indices as a prognostic marker in comparison with APACHE II and SAPS 3 score in severe sepsis patients admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit under Department of Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Ajmer.

Results: In our study, higher Mean Platelet Volume(MPV) on day 7 was associated with higher APACHE II score, and this difference was statistically significant (p value-0.001). Also, higher Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) on day 7 was associated with higher SAPS III score, and this difference was statistically significant (p value-0.01).

Conclusion: In developing countries like India platelet indices (specially MPV and PDW) measured on admission and subsequently can be used as prognostic markers in severe sepsis in emergency and critical care setup.

Keywords: MPV, Sepsis, APACHE II, SAPS 3
Nadir Bir Olgu Sunumu: Bir Van Kedisinde Prolapsus Uteri
Authors: ATAY Yunus Emre , AKAR Yaşar
Published: February 2021

Üç yaşında, 2.7 kg ağırlığında, ilk doğumunu yapan, canlı ilk yavrusunu evde doğurduktan 8 saat sonra vulva dudakları arasından dışarı gelen yaklaşık 2 cm eninde 4 cm uzunluğunda koyu kahverengi tonlarında bir kitlesi olan Van kedisi Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesine getirildi. Kedinin klinik muayenesi yapıldı ve prolapsus uteri tanısı konuldu. Kedinin kan kalsiyum değerinin düşük olduğu (6.6 mg/dl) ve bu-nun uterus atonisi oluşturarak prolapsus uteriye sebep olabileceği değerlendirildi. Transabdominal ultrasonografi mua-yenesinde, prolabe olmayan kornu uteride kalp atımları olan iki yavru görüldü. Prolabe olan sağ kornu uterinin ödemi azaltıldıktan sonra vajina boşluğuna ret edildi. Daha sonra kedi gaz anestezisi altında operasyona alındı. Öncelikle sol kornu uteriye yapılan kesiyle biri canlı diğeri ölü (ölüm muhtemelen operasyon sürecinde oldu) olan yavrular alındı. Daha sonra prolabe olan sağ kornu uteri ucundan nazikçe çekilerek eversiyonu düzeltildi. Müteakiben ovariohisterekto-mi operasyonu yapıldı. 10 gün sonra hayvan sahibi aranarak, anne ile yavrularının sağlıklı olduğu öğrenildi. Canlı bir yavru doğurduktan sonra bir kornu uterisi prolabe ve diğer kornu uterisi normal (içerisinde canlı iki yavru olan) konum-da olan bir Van kedisi güç doğum vakası kliniğimizde ilk defa görülmüştür.
Estudo de caso de genealogias de portadores do pé torto idiopático (PTI)
Authors: Silva Eduardo Moreira da , Colombi Victor Hugo
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho foi realizado para conhecermos a genealogia dos indivíduos que nasceram com o pé torto congênito (PTC) ou pé torto idiopático (PTI). Trabalhou-se com a ideia de que esta doença é transmitida através de algum gene mutante, ou seja, uma doença genética, sendo transmitida para os descendentes da família. O objetivo foi identificar qual o padrão de herança desse gene mutante nas gerações familiares do indivíduo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com os indivíduos que nasceram com a doença utilizando-se um questionário padrão para todos os entrevistados, e identificar quais parentescos também apresentaram o fenótipo da patologia. Confirma-se neste sobre a maioria dos indivíduos com pé torto idiopático ser do sexo masculino. A hipótese desse trabalho é justamente baseada nessa diferença da frequência de gêneros nascidos com pé torto congênito, se esta doença estiver ligada ao cromossomo sexual X do tipo recessivo, explica tal diferença. Evidencia-se nos resultados que se trata de uma doença genética recessiva ligada ao cromossomo sexual X.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY: UKRAINIAN AND WORLD DIMENSIONS
Authors:   Kyiv University of Culture, Makhortov Yuriy , Sekret Oleksandr ,   Kyiv University of Culture
Published: February 2021

The article identifies the main areas of micro- and macro-level, which are affected by labor productivity, reflects the main indicators of labor productivity at the macro level and gives a list of methods for assessing them. In particular, methods based on product methods (depending on the product range and method of production) and those based on organizational methods (depending on productivity management tools) are systematized. Labor productivity in Ukraine and the world is also analyzed through the prism of such indicators as GDP per employee and GDP per hour worked. In particular, Ukraine's rating among European countries in terms of absolute and dynamic indicators (growth rate) is reflected. Ukraine lags significantly behind the highly developed countries of the world in terms of labor productivity and deteriorating positions among European (penultimate place) and post-Soviet countries (ahead of only Moldova and Uzbekistan). The leader of the world ranking in terms of labor productivity (Ireland) was identified and the circle of countries that have chosen a similar development strategy was outlined. It is graphically shown that in a short period of time the country is able to significantly increase the level of labor productivity (proved by the example of Ireland, Norway, Luxembourg, Romania etc.). This reflects the dynamics of modern leading countries in terms of productivity growth over almost forty years since 1970. A comparative analysis of Ukraine with the post-Soviet countries and identified leaders and outsiders in the field of labor productivity. The forecast of growth of labor productivity for the countries of the post-Soviet space for 2020-2024 on the indicator of GDP on one employment is reflected. The experience of other countries in increasing labor productivity in the country and the role of specialized government agencies (labor productivity centers in Singapore, Kazakhstan, Japan, Germany etc.) and government programs (Kazakhstan's national strategy "Productivity 2020") are summarized. At the same time, the main reasons for the low level of labor productivity in Ukraine are identified, and the conclusion that it is quite difficult to predict potential changes in labor productivity in Ukraine is substantiated, which is confirmed by the mathematical model.
COVID-19 Impacts On-Demand Ridership in New South Wales: Regional Services More Stable than Urban Counterparts
Authors: Kaufman Benjamin
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 had a major impact on transit ridership and behavior patterns in New South Wales, Australia, and around the world. This paper evaluates impact on on-demand ridership levels using data from the New South Wales Open Data Portal. By separating services by urban and regional locality, it became clear that COVID-19 had impact patronage in different ways. The results demonstrate that locational context can fundamentally impact on-demand service uptake.
EFFECT OF PERCEIVED FAIRNESS IN PAY SYSTEM ON WORK-RELATED ATTITUDE
Authors: Abdin Fatmawati , Ismail Azman , Muhamad Nur Sa’adah , Mohamad Nor Azmawaty
Published: February 2021

Perceived fairness in pay system has two critical features, namely procedural fairness and distributive fairness. Recent studies have shown that the capability of employers to propose and administer pay systems appropriately, including allocating pay and determining the value of pay in a fair manner, has a positive association with employees’ work-related attitude. Although this association has been well-researched, the role of perceived fairness as a vital predicting variable of work-related attitude, particularly towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment, has still not been thoroughly deliberated. Hence, this study fills this gap. Self-report survey questionnaires were collected from the employees of a public audit agency in Peninsular Malaysia. Smart PLS software was utilized to assess the quality of the research instrument and test the research hypotheses. The results of hypothesis testing confirm that perceived procedural fairness and distributive fairness in managing the pay system, are important determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the examined organization. Additionally, this study offers useful guidelines for practitioners to improve the pay management system and proposes future studies.
FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PENGLIBATAN BELIA DALAM SEKTOR PERLADANGAN KELAPA SAWIT (Factors Affecting Youth Participation in the Oil Palm Plantation Sector)
Authors: Wei Sieng Lai , Surianshah Wan Nur Sa’adah , Mohd Salleh Norlida Hanim , Mohd Idris Siti Hajar , Janor Hawati
Published: February 2021

Sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan sektor yang sangat penting dalam industri pertanian dan merupakan penyumbang terpenting kepada ekonomi Malaysia. Namun begitu, isu tenaga buruh di sektor ini sering diperkatakan kerana masih berintensif buruh. Penyertaan golongan belia dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit adalah kurang memberangsangkan berbanding sektor lain walaupun sektor ini menawarkan peluang pekerjaan yang lebih luas. Oleh sebab itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti golongan belia yang lebih bersedia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit berdasarkan faktor demografi mereka. Borang soal selidik digunakan bagi mengumpul data daripada responden yang terdiri daripada golongan belia berusia 18 hingga 35 tahun. Seramai 724 orang responden yang telah menjawab soal selidik ini mewakili setiap negeri di Malaysia. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis faktor dan model regresi logistik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor jantina, bangsa, tempat tinggal, pengalaman, dan penglibatan ahli keluarga dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan faktor yang menyumbang kepada kesediaan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor tersebut. Faktor gaji, faedah, persekitaran kerja dan keselamatan perlu ditambah baik bagi menarik lagi minat golongan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam industri pertanian negara khususnya di sektor perladangan kelapa sawit. Abstract The oil palm plantation sector is a very important sector in the agricultural industry and is a major contributor to the Malaysian economy. However, the issue of labour in this sector is often addressed as it is labour-intensive. The participation of youths in the oil palm plantation sector is less favourable than the other sector although it offers greater employment opportunities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify youths who are better prepared to participate in the oil palm plantation sector based on their demographic factors. The questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents in the age range of 18 to 35 years. A total of 724 respondents answered this questionnaire representing each state in Malaysia. The data collected were analysed using the factor analysis method and logistic regression model. The results show that the gender, race, residence, experience and involvement of family members in the oil palm plantation sector are factors contributing to youthsâ€™ readiness to participate in the sector. Factors such as salary, benefits, work environment and safety factors need to be improved to attract more youths to participate in the agricultural industry, especially in the oil palm plantation sector. Keywords: Youth, labour force, oil palm, demographic factors, logistic regression
AN INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING CONTROLLER COMPONENT TO DETECT AND MITIGATE DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS
Authors: Polat Onur , Polat Huseyin
Published: February 2021

Despite many advantages of software defined networking (SDN) such as manageability, scalability, and performance, it has inherent security threats. In particular, denial of service (DoS) attacks are major threats to SDN. The controllerâ€™s processing and communication abilities are overwhelmed by DoS attacks. The capacity of the flow tables in the switching device is exhausted due to excess flows created by the controller because of malicious packets. DoS attacks on the controller cause the network performance to drop to a critical level. In this paper, a new SDN controller component was proposed to detect and mitigate DoS attacks in the SDN controller. POX layer three controller component was used for underlying a testbed for PacketIn messages. Any packet from the host was incremented to measure the rate of packet according to its device identification and its input port number. Considering the rate of packets received by the controller and threshold set, malicious packets could be detected and mitigated easily. A developed controller component was tested in a Mininet simulation environment with an hping3 tool to build artificial DoS attacks. Using the enhanced controller component, DoS packets were prevented from accessing the controller and thus, the data plane (switching devices) was prevented from being filled with unwanted flows.
THE EFFICIENCY OF ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Ali Hassan
Published: February 2021

In Pakistan, the conventional banks start their functions after the independence of Pakistan and followed by the introduction of the Islamic banking’s. In this study, four Conventional and four Islamic banks were selected. The different types of ratios will be used to check the performance of banking sector these ratios are profitability, liquidity, investment and solvency ratios. The different types of ratios were used to check the performance of banking sector and to evaluate the trends of Islamic and commercial banks. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the trend of performance of conventional and Islamic banks and analyses the key performance indicators of the banking systems. The SPSS version 20 was used and the t-test was applied to the data. The findings revealed that the conventional banks were more efficient than the Islamic banks.
DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT SCALE FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION AMONG OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ya'u Abba , Saad Natrah , Mas'ud Abdulsalam
Published: February 2021

Inefficient tax system causes the government to lose a huge amount of revenue. Tax administrators are primarily responsible for collecting taxes due from taxpayers following the relevant tax laws and regulation in a way that instils confidence on taxpayers through efficient tax administration. This paper aims at validating relevant and reliable measurement scale for assessing the effectiveness of tax administration efficiency in dealing with oil and gas companies operating in the Nigerian oil sector. Hence, an adapted questionnaire comprising four items was administered on 300 local and multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria. All the items were subjected to evaluations and validations by eight experts’ reviewers with cognate experience in oil and gas activities. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the measures of tax administration efficiency was performed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS version 3.8. The results provide evidence that the proposed tax administration efficiency scale attained reliability and validity criteria. Consequently, Policymakers, practitioners and researchers can adapt this scale to assess the effectiveness of tax administration efficiency by companies in different jurisdictions across the globe. This study expands existing literature and contributes new ideas to the subject area. By implication, the validated scale will assist oil and gas producing countries to come up with policies that ensures efficiency in tax administration and increase government revenues.
DOES SIZE OF THE FIRM MATTER IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND DIVIDEND POLICY?
Authors: Adamu Adamu ‪Idris , Ekundayo Oyindamola , Bala Hussaini
Published: February 2021

Prior studies have revealed that foreign shareholders have a greater influence on dividend policy. However, it is unclear how foreign owners in large firms affect the propensity to pay dividends. This paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between the propensity to pay dividends and foreign ownership. It also examined the moderating role of firm size on the relationship between the decision to pay cash dividend and foreign ownership. The study uses pooled logistic regression on a data set of non-financial listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Market from 2011 to 2015. The results showed that foreign ownership has a great tendency to influence the propensity of a firm to pay a cash dividend. The effect is more pronounced in larger firms, thus, indicating that in larger firms, foreign owners mitigate agency problems using dividends. Based on the findings, firms should be encouraged to pay a dividend to attract foreign investors and in return will help the firms to acquire the expertise of foreign owners.
FEMALES IN GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM
Authors: Suleiman Salami
Published: February 2021

High cash outflow in the form of corporate taxes reduces the corporate firms’ liquidity, available funds for re-investment and growth opportunities. Corporate firms’ attention is therefore geared towards ensuring minimum tax liability. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of females’ presence in the governance on corporate tax avoidance, moderating for the role of accounting conservatism. The study is based on the companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and utilised the ex-post factor research design. The panel corrected standard regressions was employed to test the hypothesis. Female CEO, percentage of female directors and presence of female in the audit committee have significant positive effects on tax avoidance. The moderating for accounting conservatism, the percentage of female directors on the board and female director presence in the audit committee remains significant. The findings may be of interest to the academic researchers, investors and regulators. For academic researchers, it is interested in discovering whether females’ presence in the governance affect tax avoidance and the moderating role accounting conservatism. For investors, it shows that women in the boardroom can improve the bottom line financial performance through tax reduction strategies.This study extends the existing literature by examining the mediating role of accounting conservatism on the relationship between females in governance and tax avoidance in the Nigerian context.
O JOGO EDUCACIONAL COADJUVANTE DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DOS CONCEITOS DE GEOMETRIA PLANA
Authors: Laguna Tieli Caetano Paes Silva , Teixeira Risiberg Ferreira , Das Chagas Carmen Elena
Published: February 2021

O ensino de Geometria Plana mostra grande importância para os alunos dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio porque serve de base para os conteúdos posteriores, tanto no Ensino Médio e Superior, de Geometria analítica, espacial, física, dentre outras. Esta pesquisa apresenta um jogo que trata de conceitos fundamentais da Geometria Plana e que serve de complemento à aula, além de motivar os alunos no aprendizado desse conteúdo. Os participantes dessa pesquisa são futuros professores de Matemática. Este estudo tem como procedimentos metodológicos: um levantamento bibliográfico; uma discussão sobre as metodologias de ensino com o aporte dos jogos educacionais em sala de aula; e, especificamente, para o estudo da Geometria Plana; e a estruturação de um jogo para ser trabalhado em um grupo de alunos com o objetivo de aplicar e testá-lo. Como resultado, constatou-se a aceitação e apoio ao uso desse jogo para o aprendizado dos conceitos de Geometria Plana de maneira lúdica.
JOGOS ON-LINE: RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DO ENSINO DE INGLÊS PARA ALUNOS DO 9º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II DE EUNÁPOLIS-BA
Authors: Cajazeira Roselma Vieira , Batista Magno Santos
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as ressignificações do ensino de língua inglesa nas respostas de um questionário estruturado concedidas por alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola pública na cidade de Eunápolis-Ba. Na ocasião, a pesquisa contou com a participação de nove estudantes (13 a 16 anos) que se disponibilizaram para expor, através de um questionário, as suas experiências com o uso dos jogos on-line nas aulas de língua inglesa. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa se enquadra nas concepções de Paiva (2012), Anjos (2011), Leffa et al. (2012), Barcelos (1995; 2006; 2007), Becker (2008), Celani (2006), entre outros, os quais discutem sobre ensino de inglês, práticas pedagógicas e crenças. Em relação ao percurso metodológico, percorremos o caminho etnográfico e utilizamos duas ferramentas que contemplam essa perspectiva: a observação e o questionário estruturado. Além disso, esse caminho metodológico nos possibilitou responder à pergunta: Inglês, quais os problemas para ensinar essa língua? Obtivemos como resposta a motivação, a amplitude de vocabulário, a interação e, sobretudo, o desejo de aprender à língua. Isso só foi possível a partir da mudança da ferramenta de ensino, que, no caso desta investigação, foram os jogos on-line. Além do mais, algumas questões foram evidenciadas, tais quais: até quando o ensino de inglês será resignado para os discentes? Até que ponto as políticas públicas educacionais estarão omissas a esses jovens que desejam aprender à língua estrangeira para galgar outros espaços? Essas perguntas representam reflexões desencadeadas ao fim da pesquisa e como tais precisam ser respondidas.
Rituximab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Boland A , Bagust A , Hockenhull J , Davis H , Chu P , Dickson R
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rituximab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), in accordance with the licensed indication, based upon the evidence submission from Roche Products Ltd to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The submitted clinical evidence included two randomised controlled trials [European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group – Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Mitoxantrone and (GLSG-FCM)] comparing the clinical effects of chemotherapy with or without rituximab in the induction of remission at first or second relapse and the clinical benefits of rituximab maintenance therapy versus the NHS’s current clinical practice of observation for follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. Both trials showed that in patients with relapsed FL the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy induction treatment increased overall response rates. Furthermore, rituximab maintenance therapy increased the median length of remission when compared with observation only. Safety data from the two trials showed that while the majority of patients reported some adverse events, the number of patients withdrawing from treatment in the EORTC trial was low, with rates not being reported for the GLSG-FCM trial. The most commonly reported adverse events were blood/bone marrow toxicity, skin rashes and allergies. The ERG reran the manufacturer’s economic model after altering several of the assumptions and parameter values in order to recalculate the cost–utility ratios, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and estimates of benefits. The manufacturer reported that maintenance therapy with rituximab was cost-effective compared with observation against commonly applied thresholds, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £7721 per QALY gained. The greatest clinical effectiveness is achieved by R-CHOP followed by rituximab maintenance (R-CHOP > R) and this treatment strategy had the greatest probability of being cost-effective for a QALY of approximately £18,000 or greater. The guidance issued by NICE as a result of the STA states that in people with relapsed stage III or IV follicular NHL, rituximab is now an option in combination with chemotherapy to induce remission or alone as maintenance therapy during remission. Rituximab monotherapy is also an option for people with relapsed or refractory disease when all alternative treatment options have been exhausted.
ZA BOLJŠE RAZUMEVANJE TRANSFORMACIJSKE PARADIGME IN TRANSFORMACIJE OBOROŽENIH SIL
Authors: ŠTEINER ALOJZ
Published: February 2021

V prispevku predstavljamo pojav transformacije in njene paradigme ter transformacije na obrambno-vojaškem področju. Najprej se lotevamo mejnih pojmov in zatem opredelimo transformacijo, njeno paradigmo in proces. Pri tem zajamemo izraze konsolidacija, konverzija, modernizacija, preoblikovanje, prestrukturiranje, reforma in reorganizacija, nadalje revolucijo na vojaškem področju in reinženiring ter posebej preobrazbo in transformacijo. Izhajamo iz dejstva, da se ti pojavi spreminjanja po koncu hladne vojne v različnih strokovnih in znanstvenih virih ter obrambno-vojaški praksi opisujejo z izrazi, ki so lahko sinonimi za opis enakih pojavov, večkrat pa so uporabljeni za opis povsem različnih, čeprav so si na prvi pogled precej podobni. V razpravi nas zanima, ali je transformacijska paradigma hibrid, katere so stične točke z revolucionarno in evolucijsko paradigmo ter kam jo umestiti. K temu dodajamo ugotovitve in stališča o primerjavi revolucij na vojaškem področju in v transformaciji. Vse za boljše razumevanje transformacijske paradigme in transformacije oboroženih sil, tako v nacionalnem kot širšem okolju. Treba je namreč priznati, da sta transformacijska paradigma in njena filozofija še nedodelani in premalo raziskani ter preizkušeni v praksi, čeprav ravno na obrambno-vojaškem področju zasledimo pomembne korake. The article presents the phenomenon of transformation and its paradigm as well as the transformation in the fields of defence and the military. First, we address border concepts and later define the transformation process and its paradigm with the terms such as consolidation, conversion, modernization, modification, restructuring, reform and reorganization, further on revolution in the military field and re-engineering, and particularly alteration and transformation. In doing so, we procees from the fact that at the end of the Cold War these phenomena of changing have been described in a variety of technical and scientific resources, as well as the defense and military practice with the terms that may be synonymous in describing the same phenomena, but are often used to describe completely different ones, although seeming similar at first. In the debate, we are interested in whether the transformational paradigm is a hybrid; which are the common points of the revolutionary and evolutionary paradigm, and where to place it. Additionally, we provide the findings and observations on the comparison of revolutions in the military sphere and the transformation, all with the aim to enable better understanding of the transformative paradigms and transformation of the armed forces, both nationally and wider. It is important to recognise that the transformational paradigm and its philosophy are still incomplete and insufficiently researched and tested in practice, although important steps have been noted just in the defence and military fields.
VLOGA ZDRUŽENEGA BOJEVANJA RODOV V OKOLJU HIBRIDNEGA VOJSKOVANJA
V KONTEKSTU TRENUTNEGA STANJA IN RAZVOJNIH MOŽNOSTI SV
Authors: POTOČNIK VIKTOR
Published: February 2021

Prispevek se ukvarja z vprašanjem sodobnega vojskovanja. Narava vojne se v času ne spreminja, spreminjajo pa se oblike in metode, s katerimi se vojne vodijo. V zadnjem času je moderno govoriti o hibridnem vojskovanju, kako ga kdo pojmuje, pa je zelo različno in odvisno od avtorjev. Članek poskuša pokazati, da pod pojmom hibridnega vojskovanja ne najdemo velikih revolucionarnih sprememb v oblikah in metodah vojskovanja in da je za zmago v sodobnem spopadu še vedno zelo relevanten koncept združenega bojevanja rodov, ki pa ga je treba razumeti v okviru sodobnega vojskovališča, katerega glavni značilnosti sta boj v informacijskem prostoru in
»hibridnost«. Članek podrobneje pogleda tudi na strukturo enot taktične ravni SV, in sicer z vidika združenega bojevanja rodov in delovanja na hibridnem vojskovališču.

The article deals with the problems of modern warfare. The nature of war does not change through time; what changes is the ways and methods of conducting it. Lately, it has been popular to talk about hybrid warfare, but its perceptions vary significantly according to authors. The aim of the article is to show that the term hybrid warfare does not bring anything revolutionary to the ways and methods of warfare and that today, the concept of combined arms is still very relevant for winning a contemporary conflict. However, it has to be perceived from the perspective of a contemporary battlefield whose main characteristics are cyber warfare and its hybrid nature. The article also discusses in detail the structure of the Slovenian Armed Forces’ tactical level in terms of combined arms and »hybrid« warfare.
ENERGETSKA TEKMA ZA ARKTIKO
Authors: MARTINIČ SANDRA
Published: February 2021

Arktika je podvržena podnebnim spremembam, ki odkrivajo njen energetski, politični in gospodarski potencial in jo spreminjajo v novi Orient. Energetski viri, ki se skrivajo pod Arktičnim oceanom, lahko podaljšajo življenjsko dobo držav, ki so odvisne od nafte. Brez razvoja držav in tehnologije, ki bi nadomestila svetovno odvisnost in vedno hitrejšo porabo nafte, ostane edina rešitev iskanje novih virov energije. Arktika ponuja možnost, a brez ustrezne vrtalne tehnologije je dostopnost do virov nemogoča. Številna vprašanja ob tem ostajajo odprta. Ali bodo geopolitični interesi krojili prihodnost Arktike in s tem akterjev? Ali so države zmožne rešiti spore miroljubno? Povečana vojaška prisotnost ne kaže na mirno prihodnost, sploh s povečano napetostjo med Rusijo in ZDA. The Arctic is subjected to climate changes, which are revealing its energy, political and economic potential, and are turning it into the new "Orient". Energy resources hidden beneath the Arctic Ocean can extend the lifespan of the countries dependent on oil. Without further development of countries and the technology to substitute global dependence and the increasingly fast oil consumption, the only solution remaining is the search for new energy resources. The Arctic offers this possibility; however with no adequate drilling technology, the access to resources is impossible. Several questions still remain open in this respect. Will the geopolitical interests shape the future of the Arctic and, consequently, the actors? Are the countries able to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner? Increased military presence in the Arctic indicates a not so peaceful future, especially due to the increased tensions between Russia and the United States.
PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES – A GOAL OR A PATH
Authors: KOTNIK IGOR
Published: February 2021

Projekt »Prehod na poklicno vojsko, dopolnjeno s prostovoljno rezervo«, s kratico PROVOJ, je bil začet leta 2003 in predčasno končan leta 2007. Ali je bila naloga profesionalizacije SV torej že opravljena? Ocenjujemo, da proces profesionalizacije SV še zdaleč ni končan. Pot od poklicne proti zares profesionalni SV nikakor ne bo kratka in lahka, prej dolgotrajna, zavita, strma in spolzka ter polna pasti in izzivov. V prispevku namenjamo posebno pozornost pravilnemu dojemanju temeljnega poslanstva SV, premagovanju zapuščine obvezniške vojske, razumevanju omejitev poklicne vojske, profesionalizaciji v pogojih finančnih omejitev, profesionalni integriteti pripadnikov SV, profesionalizaciji in obvladovanju interesnih nasprotij, zunanjemu in notranjemu nadzoru vojaške profesije, profesionalizaciji prek stalnega izobraževanja ter profesionalizaciji kot nikoli zares končanem procesu. V tem kontekstu moramo na področju profesionalizacije poklicne SV ohraniti ustrezno čuječnost in zavzetost, preden se na nekatere nedoslednosti in nepravilnosti, na katere opozarja prispevek, dokončno navadimo oziroma ohranimo nadzor nad nekaterimi do zdaj manj uspešnimi vidiki tega procesa in njihovimi posledicami.

The project »Transition to Professional Armed Forces Complemented with Contractual Reserve« (PROVOJ) was launched in 2003 and concluded prematurely in 2007. Has thus the mission of Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) professionalization been completed? We estimate that SAF professionalization is far from being complete. The path from career to truly professional Slovenian Armed Forces will certainly not be short and easy, but rather time consuming, winding, steep, slippery and full of traps and challenges. In the article, special attention is devoted to a proper understanding of the basic SAF mission, the overcoming of the conscription system heritage, understanding of professional armed forces restrictions, professionalization in austerity, professional integrity of SAF members, professionalization and management of conflicts of interests, internal and external control of the profession of arms, professionalization through continuous training and professionalization as a never-really-completed process. In this context, a proper amount of vigilance and commitment should be preserved in the professionalization of career armed forces, before we completely adapt to certain inconsistencies and irregularities underscored in this article and not to preserve the same level of control over some hitherto less successful aspects of this process and their consequences.
CAN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION CREATE MILITARY STRATEGISTS?
Authors: PEŠEC MOJCA , KREK UROŠ
Published: February 2021

In the increasingly complex security environment the education of military strategists is a topic which is again becoming of interest. More than ever before, the armed forces need leaders who will be capable of strategic thinking. In November 2011, the 5th regular meeting of the Central European Forum on Military Education (CEFME) was convened at the Doctrine, Development, Education and Training Command. The central theme of the conference was the training of military strategist. The meeting brought together senior military education representatives from nine Central European countries, and a representative of NATO. The two central papers were prepared by Uroš Krek, military strategy lecturer in the Slovenian Armed Forces General Staff Programme, and by Colonel Mojca Pešec. In their article, the authors present views on education programmes for military strategists in Slovenia from the theoretical and practical point of view, and substantiate the need for more intensive and better quality strategic theory study programmes for military strategy teachers and students. They also define the need for developing a comprehensive programme of learning the strategy in terms of selection of participants and lecturers, and the need for setting up achievable targets when it comes to the time frame and the determination of programme subjects. It is essential to form a new generation of competent officers who will be able to identify the 21st century security challenges and contribute expertly to the civil-military process of the strategies formulation. Izobraževanje vojaških strategov je tema, ki v pogojih vedno bolj kompleksnega varnostnega okolja postaja ponovno aktualna. Vojske bolj kot kdaj koli prej potrebujejo voditelje, ki bodo sposobni strateškega razmišljanja. Novembra 2011 je na Poveljstvu za doktrino, razvoj, izobraževanje in usposabljanje potekalo 5. redno srečanje Foruma centralnih evropskih držav o vojaškem izobraževanju (Central European Forum on Military Education – CEFME). Osrednja tema posveta je bilo izobraževanje vojaških strategov. Na srečanju so sodelovali visoki predstavniki s področja vojaškega izobraževanja iz devetih srednjeevropskih držav in predstavnik zveze Nato. Osrednja referata sta pripravila Uroš Krek, predavatelj predmeta vojaška strategija v generalštabnem programu Slovenske vojske, in polkovnica Mojca Pešec. V nadaljevanju avtorja predstavljata poglede na programe izobraževanja vojaških strategov v Sloveniji s teoretičnega in praktičnega vidika in utemeljujeta potrebo po intenzivnejšem in kakovostnejšem študiju strateške teorije za učitelje in študente predmeta vojaška strategija, nujnost oblikovanja celovitega programa učenja strategije z vidika izbora udeležencev in predavateljev ter potrebo po postavljanju dosegljivih ciljev, ko gre za časovni obseg in določanje vsebin programa. Oblikovanje nove generacije kompetentnih častnikov, ki bodo sposobni prepoznati varnostne izzive 21. stoletja in strokovno prispevati k civilno- vojaškemu procesu oblikovanja strategij, je nujno.
TRANSFORMATION CHALLENGES TO SAFETY AND SECURITY AT SLOVENIAN SEA
Authors: ŽNIDAR IVAN
Published: February 2021

Modern security environment at sea is increasingly complex, while threats are unpredictable and can have long-term consequences. The classic and bureaucratic way of organizing different safety and security services responsible for Slovenian sea will not be able to keep up with modern security challenges for a long time, since these require new approaches and forms of organization. The main aim is to increase the capabilities, efficiency and effectiveness of operations and at the same time to rationalize the use of public finance. Comprehensive approach, cooperation and coordination or even integration of various sea safety and security services may be the answers to the modern security environment. Sodobno varnostno okolje na morju je čedalje bolj kompleksno, grožnje pa so nepredvidljive in lahko povzročijo dolgotrajne posledice. Klasična in birokratska organizacija subjektov varnosti na Slovenskem morju ne bo mogla dolgo slediti varnostnim izzivom. Ti zahtevajo nove pristope in oblike organiziranja zaradi povečanja zmogljivosti in učinkovitosti delovanja ter racionalizacije porabe javnih sredstev. Vsestranski pristop, sodelovanje in koordinacija ali pa celo integracija različnih služb varnosti na morju so nekateri odgovori na vprašanja sodobnega varnostnega okolja.
EXPLORING OF MULTI MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION CAPABILITY IN PROBLEM SOLVING ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Nizaruddin Nizaruddin , Muhtarom Muhtarom , Murtianto Yanuar Hery
Published: February 2021

The students’ multi-mathematical representation capability in problem solving is very important and interesting to discuss, specifically for problems in the two-variable linear equation system. Data was collected from 48 students using written tests and in-depth interviews with selected participants. The research findings showed that few students are using three representations namely symbolic - verbal - table representation, and symbolic representation, however most of the students are using three representations namely symbolic - verbal - images representation, and two representations namely symbolic – verbal representations, and the rest used symbolic representation. In the use of verbal representation, some students had difficulty composing words and all students encountered difficulties in the translational process from symbolic representation and verbal representation to other types of representation. The ability to understand concepts and relationships between mathematical concepts was found to be a necessary condition for the achievement of multi-mathematical representation capability. It is therefore recommended that teachers use a variety of different types of representation, such as verbal, tables and images, to enhance students' understanding of the material.
Keywords: multiple representations, problem solving, two-variable linear equation system.
VIEWS OF A GROUP OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ON THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE TEACHING
Authors: Colagrande Elaine A. , Assis Martorano Simone Alves de , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: February 2021

Teachers often consider experimental activities to be fundamental to the teaching of scientific concepts. However, there are different views about their purpose in science classes; these views are linked to teachers' different understandings of the construction of scientific knowledge. It was analyzed the views of 19 pre-service science teachers (PST) on the use of experimental activities in science classes. These PSTs were enrolled in the subject of science teacher training course of a Brazilian federal university. In their course work, the PSTS were organized into groups and they participated in a pedagogical activity during which they reported their views on two experimental scripts. They answered questions about how they would use these experiments in the future. The activity occurred in two stages: the first was before studying texts on the nature of science with an emphasis on the role of experimentation in the foundation of hypotheses; the second stage was after this. The data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique. The results suggest the importance of debates and deep themes in training courses for science teachers, so that experimental activities are not seen reductively and only as ways to motivate classes or to complement theory, but rather as potential aids in the construction of scientific meaning.
Keywords: experimental activities, nature of science, teacher education.
SCHOOL FACTORS AFFECTING ESTONIAN STUDENTS’ SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AT THE BASIC SCHOOL
Authors: Ratnik Marika , Rüütel Eha
Published: February 2021

This research focuses on the personal well-being of basic school students and on the school environment factors affecting it. The authors were also interested to know whether there are any differences between two age groups (6th grade and 9th grade) in the perception of the school environment and school relations.
The research included 934 students (426 boys and 508 girls) aged 12 to 17 years. The well-being was measured by the WHO-5 Well-Being Index; school factors included perceived school relationships, perceived learning environment and academic performance. The indicators differentiating between the groups with low and high well-being were: obtaining help from the school, the pleasantness of lessons, relationships with teachers, and relationships with schoolmates. In both age groups, higher well-being was predicted by relationships with teachers and schoolmates, obtaining help from the school, and parents’ relationships with the school. The results indicated that students establish relationships supporting their well-being not only in their class. It is rather the wider communication culture in the school that supports the students’ well-being. The results also indicate the wider effect of school relationships in that the factor of obtaining help from the school (the school`s pro-social organization) is more significant for the students’ well-being that the pro-social behaviour of the classmates.
Keywords: adolescence academic performance, perceived school relationships, perceived learning environment, subjective well-being.