bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivariant Hopf-Pitchfork Bifurcation of Symmetric Coupled Neural Network with Delay
Authors: Zheng Baodong , Yin Haidong , Zhang Chunrui
Published: November 2016

This paper is concerned with how the symmetry and singularity of a system of differential equations affect generic dynamics and bifurcations. By computation of Hopf-pitchfork point in a two-parameter nonlinear problem satisfying a [Formula: see text]-symmetry condition, the mode interactions in two-parameter bifurcations with a single zero and two pairs of imaginary roots are considered. The codimension two normal form with equivariant Hopf-pitchfork bifurcations are given. Through analyzing the unfolding structure, local classification in the neighborhood of equivariant Hopf-pitchfork bifurcations point for the [Formula: see text]-symmetric is undertaken. A rich variety of dynamical and bifurcation behaviors is pointed out. Beyond a stable fixed point or a pair of stable fixed points, some interesting phenomena are also found, such as the coexistence of two periodic solutions which are verified both theoretically and numerically.
A New Class of Three-Dimensional Maps with Hidden Chaotic Dynamics
Authors: Jiang Haibo , Liu Yang , Wei Zhouchao , Zhang Liping
Published: November 2016

This paper studies a new class of three-dimensional maps in a Jerk-like structure with a special concern of their hidden chaotic dynamics. Our investigation focuses on the hidden chaotic attractors in three typical scenarios of fixed points, namely no fixed point, single fixed point, and two fixed points. A systematic computer search is performed to explore possible hidden chaotic attractors, and a number of examples of the proposed maps are used for demonstration. Numerical results show that the routes to hidden chaotic attractors are complex, and the basins of attraction for the hidden chaotic attractors could be tiny, so that using the standard computational procedure for localization is impossible.
Understanding Peakons, Periodic Peakons and Compactons via a Shallow Water Wave Equation
Authors: Li Jibin , Zhu Wenjing , Chen Guanrong
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a shallow water wave model is used to introduce the concepts of peakon, periodic peakon and compacton. Traveling wave solutions of the shallow water equation are presented. The corresponding traveling wave system is a singular planar dynamical system with one singular straight line. By using the method of dynamical systems, bifurcation diagrams and explicit exact parametric representations of the solutions are given, including solitary wave solution, periodic wave solution, peakon solution, periodic peakon solution and compacton solution under different parameter conditions.
Identifying codes and watching systems in Kneser graphs
Authors: Roozbayani Maryam , Maimani Hamid Reza
Published: November 2016

Identifying code in graph [Formula: see text] is a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. The minimum size of identifying codes of graph [Formula: see text] is denoted by [Formula: see text]. A watching system in a graph [Formula: see text] is a set [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a subset of closed neighborhood of [Formula: see text] such that the sets [Formula: see text] are nonempty and distinct, for any [Formula: see text]. The minimum size of a watching system of [Formula: see text] is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] (mod 3) and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] (mod 3). Also we show that [Formula: see text]. This means that in this family of graphs the watching system is more efficient than identifying code.
Multisensor Fused Fault Diagnosis for Rotation Machinery Based on Supervised Second-Order Tensor Locality Preserving Projection and Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier under Assembled Matrix Distance Metric
Authors: Wei Fen , Wang Gang , Ren Bingyin , Ge Jianghua , Wang Yaping
Published: November 2016

In order to sufficiently capture the useful fault-related information available in the multiple vibration sensors used in rotation machinery, while concurrently avoiding the introduction of the limitation of dimensionality, a new fault diagnosis method for rotation machinery based on supervised second-order tensor locality preserving projection (SSTLPP) and weighted k-nearest neighbor classifier (WKNNC) with an assembled matrix distance metric (AMDM) is presented. Second-order tensor representation of multisensor fused conditional features is employed to replace the prevailing vector description of features from a single sensor. Then, an SSTLPP algorithm under AMDM (SSTLPP-AMDM) is presented to realize dimensional reduction of original high-dimensional feature tensor. Compared with classical second-order tensor locality preserving projection (STLPP), the SSTLPP-AMDM algorithm not only considers both local neighbor information and class label information but also replaces the existing Frobenius distance measure with AMDM for construction of the similarity weighting matrix. Finally, the obtained low-dimensional feature tensor is input into WKNNC with AMDM to implement the fault diagnosis of the rotation machinery. A fault diagnosis experiment is performed for a gearbox which demonstrates that the second-order tensor formed multisensor fused fault data has good results for multisensor fusion fault diagnosis and the formulated fault diagnosis method can effectively improve diagnostic accuracy.
Preliminary Experience Using Full-Spectrum Endoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Matched Case Controlled Study
Authors: Ito Sayo , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro , Yoshida Masao , Igarashi Kimihiro , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Takizawa Kohei , Kakushima Naomi , Tanaka Masaki , Kawata Noboru , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. High-quality colonoscopy is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer. Full-spectrum endoscopy (FUSE) has recently shown potential in improving adenoma detection during colonoscopy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of FUSE colonoscopy.Methods. From April 2015 to February 2016, 130 patients underwent FUSE colonoscopy for screening at a tertiary cancer center. Cecal intubation rate (CIR), procedure time, polyp/adenoma detection rate (PDR/ADR), and mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) were compared in matched-control patients (n=260) who underwent standard colonoscopy (SC). Accordingly, endoscopists subjectively evaluated the utility of FUSE colonoscopy.Results. The CIR of FUSE colonoscopy was 94.6%. Cecal intubation time (8.8 min versus 5.1 min,P<0.001) and total procedure time (21.6 min versus 17.3 min,P<0.001) in the FUSE group were significantly longer than those in the SC group. PDR (68.3 versus 71.2%,P=0.567), ADR (63.4% versus 58.5%,P=0.355), and APC (1.4 versus 1.4,P=0.917) were not significantly different between the two groups. The wide view of FUSE colonoscopy was superior to that of SC based on the questionnaires.Conclusions. FUSE colonoscopy did not demonstrate superiority to SC in a clinical setting.
TRIM25 Identification in the Chinese Goose: Gene Structure, Tissue Expression Profiles, and Antiviral Immune Responses In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Wei Yunan , Zhou Hao , Wang Anqi , Sun Lipei , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Sun Kunfeng , Chen Xiaoyue , Cheng Anchun , Chen Shun
Published: November 2016

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) protein play a critical role in the interferon (IFN) response during RNA virus infection. The tripartite motif containing 25 proteins (TRIM25) was reported to modify caspase activation and RIG-I recruitment domains (CARDs) via ubiquitin. These modifications allow TRIM25 to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling molecules (MAVs) and form CARD-CARD tetramers. Goose TRIM25 was cloned from gosling lungs, which possess a 1662 bp open reading flame (ORF). This ORF encodes a predicted 554 amino acid protein consisting of a B-box domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a PRY/SPRY domain. The protein sequence has 89.25% sequence identity withAnas platyrhynchosTRIM25, 78.57% withGallus gallusTRIM25, and 46.92% withHomo sapiensTRIM25. TRIM25 is expressed in all gosling and adult goose tissues examined. QRT-PCR revealed that goose TRIM25 transcription could be induced by goose IFN-α, goose IFN-γ, and goose IFN-λ, as well as a35 s polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), oligodeoxynucleotides 2006 (ODN 2006), and resiquimod (R848) in vitro; however, it is inhibited in H9N2 infected goslings for unknown reasons. These data suggest that goose TRIM25 might play a positive role in the regulation of the antiviral immune response.
Time-Frequency Analysis Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and Teager Energy Operator for Rotor System Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Shangkun , Tang Guiji , Wang Xiaolong , He Yuling
Published: November 2016

A time-frequency analysis method based on improved variational mode decomposition and Teager energy operator (IVMD-TEO) is proposed for fault diagnosis of turbine rotor. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) can decompose a multicomponent signal into a number of band-limited monocomponent signals and can effectively avoid model mixing. To determine the number of monocomponents adaptively, VMD is improved using the correlation coefficient criterion. Firstly, IVMD algorithm is used to decompose a multicomponent signal into a number of monocompositions adaptively. Second, all the monocomponent signals’ instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency are demodulated via TEO, respectively, because TEO has fast and high precision demodulation advantages to monocomponent signal. Finally, the time-frequency representation of original signal is exhibited by superposing the time-frequency representations of all the monocomponents. The analysis results of simulation signal and experimental turbine rotor in rising speed condition demonstrate that the proposed method has perfect multicomponent signal decomposition capacity and good time-frequency expression. It is a promising time-frequency analysis method for rotor fault diagnosis.
Biomechanical Consequences of the Elastic Properties of Dental Implant Alloys on the Supporting Bone: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Pérez-Pevida Esteban , Brizuela-Velasco Aritza , Chávarri-Prado David , Jiménez-Garrudo Antonio , Sánchez-Lasheras Fernando , Solaberrieta-Méndez Eneko , Diéguez-Pereira Markel , Fernández-González Felipe J. , Dehesa-Ibarra Borja , Monticelli Francesca
Published: November 2016

The objective of the present study is to evaluate how the elastic properties of the fabrication material of dental implants influence peri-implant bone load transfer in terms of the magnitude and distribution of stress and deformation. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis was performed; the model used was a section of mandibular bone with a single implant containing a cemented ceramic-metal crown on a titanium abutment. The following three alloys were compared: rigid (Y-TZP), conventional (Ti-6Al-4V), and hyperelastic (Ti-Nb-Zr). A 150-N static load was tested on the central fossa at 6° relative to the axial axis of the implant. The results showed no differences in the distribution of stress and deformation of the bone for any of the three types of alloys studied, mainly being concentrated at the peri-implant cortical layer. However, there were differences found in the magnitude of the stress transferred to the supporting bone, with the most rigid alloy (Y-TZP) transferring the least stress and deformation to cortical bone. We conclude that there is an effect of the fabrication material of dental implants on the magnitude of the stress and deformation transferred to peri-implant bone.
Implications of δlCP~270° and θ23≳45∘ for Texture Specific Lepton Mass Matrices and 0νββ Decay
Authors: Verma Rohit
Published: November 2016

We study the phenomenological consequences of recent results from atmospheric and accelerator neutrino experiments, favoring normal neutrino mass ordering m1<m2<m3, a near maximal lepton Dirac CP phase δl~270∘ along with θ23≳45∘, for possible realization of natural structure in the lepton mass matrices characterized by (Mij)~O(mimj) for i,j=1,2,3. It is observed that deviations from parallel texture structures for Ml and Mν are essential for realizing such structures. In particular, such hierarchical neutrino mass matrices are not supportive for a vanishing neutrino mass mν1→0 characterized by Det Mν≠0 and predict mν1≃(0.1–8.0) meV, mν2≃(8.0–13.0) meV, mν3≃(47.0–52.0) meV, Σ≃(56.0–71.0) meV, and 〈mee〉≃(0.01–10.0) meV, respectively, indicating that the task of observing a 0νββ decay may be rather challenging for near future experiments.
Restoration and Enhancement of Underwater Images Based on Bright Channel Prior
Authors: Gao Yakun , Li Haibin , Wen Shuhuan
Published: November 2016

This paper proposed a new method of underwater images restoration and enhancement which was inspired by the dark channel prior in image dehazing field. Firstly, we proposed the bright channel prior of underwater environment. By estimating and rectifying the bright channel image, estimating the atmospheric light, and estimating and refining the transmittance image, eventually underwater images were restored. Secondly, in order to rectify the color distortion, the restoration images were equalized by using the deduced histogram equalization. The experiment results showed that the proposed method could enhance the quality of underwater images effectively.
Rapid Retrieval of Lung Nodule CT Images Based on Hashing and Pruning Methods
Authors: Pan Ling , Qiang Yan , Yuan Jie , Wu Lidong
Published: November 2016

The similarity-based retrieval of lung nodule computed tomography (CT) images is an important task in the computer-aided diagnosis of lung lesions. It can provide similar clinical cases for physicians and help them make reliable clinical diagnostic decisions. However, when handling large-scale lung images with a general-purpose computer, traditional image retrieval methods may not be efficient. In this paper, a new retrieval framework based on a hashing method for lung nodule CT images is proposed. This method can translate high-dimensional image features into a compact hash code, so the retrieval time and required memory space can be reduced greatly. Moreover, a pruning algorithm is presented to further improve the retrieval speed, and a pruning-based decision rule is presented to improve the retrieval precision. Finally, the proposed retrieval method is validated on 2,450 lung nodule CT images selected from the public Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) database. The experimental results show that the proposed pruning algorithm effectively reduces the retrieval time of lung nodule CT images and improves the retrieval precision. In addition, the retrieval framework is evaluated by differentiating benign and malignant nodules, and the classification accuracy can reach 86.62%, outperforming other commonly used classification methods.
A Review of Research Conducted with Probiotic E. coli Marketed as Symbioflor
Authors: Beimfohr Claudia
Published: November 2016

This review article summarizes the scientific literature that is currently available about a probiotic E. coli that is known under the name Symbioflor E. coli. The probiotic is marketed for human use and has been subjected to over 20 years of scientific research. As is presented here, the available literature not only contains multiple works to investigate and analyse the probiotic activity of this E. coli, but also describes a variety of other research experiments, dealing with a surprising and interesting range of subjects. By compiling all these works into one review article, more insights into this interesting probiotic E. coli were obtained.
A Simple Estimation of Coupling Loss Factors for Two Flexible Subsystems Connected via Discrete Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ji Lin , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Pingping , Wang Wei
Published: November 2016

A simple formula is proposed to estimate the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) coupling loss factors (CLFs) for two flexible subsystems connected via discrete interfaces. First, the dynamic interactions between two discretely connected subsystems are described as a set of intermodal coupling stiffness terms. It is then found that if both subsystems are of high modal density and meanwhile the interface points all act independently, the intermodal dynamic couplings become dominated by only those between different subsystem mode sets. If ensemble- and frequency-averaged, the intermodal coupling stiffness terms can simply reduce to a function of the characteristic dynamic properties of each subsystem and the subsystem mass, as well as the number of interface points. The results can thus be accommodated within the theoretical frame of conventional SEA theory to yield a simple CLF formula. Meanwhile, the approach allows the weak coupling region between the two SEA subsystems to be distinguished simply and explicitly. The consistency and difference of the present technique with and from the traditional wave-based SEA solutions are discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the good performance of the present technique.
Effects of Allicin on Hypertension and Cardiac Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: García-Trejo Ehécatl M. A. , Arellano-Buendía Abraham S. , Argüello-García Raúl , Loredo-Mendoza María L. , García-Arroyo Fernando E. , Arellano-Mendoza Mónica G. , Castillo-Hernández María C. , Guevara-Balcázar Gustavo , Tapia Edilia , Sánchez-Lozada Laura G. , Osorio-Alonso Horacio
Published: November 2016

This work was performed to study the effect of allicin on hypertension and cardiac function in a rat model of CKD. The groups were control, CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), and CKD‐allicin treated (CKDA) (40 mg/kg day/p.o.). Blood pressure was monitored (weekly/6 weeks). The cardiac function, vascular response to angiotensin II, oxidative stress, and heart morphometric parameters were determined. The CKD group showed hypertension and proteinuria. The coronary perfusion and left ventricular pressures were decreased in CKD group. In contrast, the vascular response to angiotensin II and expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were increased. These data were associated with the increment in morphometric parameters (weight of heart and left ventricle, heart/BW and left ventricular mass index, and wall thickness). Concurrently, the oxidative stress was increased and correlated inversely with the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, and antioxidant enzymes Nrf2‐regulated. Allicin treatment attenuated hypertension and improved the renal and the cardiac dysfunctions; furthermore, it decreased the vascular reactivity to angiotensin II, AT1R overexpression, and preserved morphometric parameters. Allicin also downregulated Keap1 and increased Nrf2 expression, upregulated the antioxidant enzymes, and reduced oxidative stress. In conclusion, allicin showed an antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and antioxidant effects, likely through downregulation of AT1R and Keap1 expression.
Plasma Cathepsin S and Cathepsin S/Cystatin C Ratios Are Potential Biomarkers for COPD
Authors: Nakajima Takahiro , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Owen Caroline A. , Yoshida Shuichi , Tsuduki Keishi , Chubachi Shotaro , Shirahata Toru , Mashimo Shuko , Nakamura Miho , Takahashi Saeko , Minematsu Naoto , Tateno Hiroki , Fujishima Seitaro , Asano Koichiro , Celli Bartolome R. , Betsuyaku Tomoko
Published: November 2016

Purpose. This study aimed to examine whether plasma levels of cathepsin S or its inhibitor, cystatin C, may serve as biomarkers for COPD.Patients and Methods. We measured anthropometrics and performed pulmonary function tests and chest CT scans on 94 patients with COPD and 31 subjects with productive cough but no airflow obstruction (“at risk”; AR). In these subjects and in 52 healthy nonsmokers (NS) and 66 healthy smokers (HS) we measured plasma concentrations of cathepsin S and cystatin C using an ELISA. Data were analyzed using simple and logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses.Results. Cathepsin S and cystatin C plasma levels were significantly higher in the COPD and AR groups than in the NS and HS groups (p<0.01). Among the COPD patients and AR subjects, plasma cathepsin S levels and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios, but not cystatin C levels, were negatively related to severe airflow limitation (% FEV1predicted < 50%;p=0.005) and severe emphysema as assessed by low attenuation area (LAA) score on chest CT scans (LAA≥8.0;p=0.001).Conclusion. Plasma cathepsin S and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios may serve as potential biomarkers for COPD.
Annexin A3 Knockdown Suppresses Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Ying-Fu , Liu Qing-Qing , Zhang Yue-Hua , Qiu Jing-Hua
Published: November 2016

Our previous study identified an elevated abundance of annexin A3 (Anxa3) as a novel prognostic biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) through quantitative proteomics analysis. However, the biological functions of Anxa3 in LADC are not fully clear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the effects of Anxa3 downregulation on the growth, migration, invasion, metastasis, and signaling pathway activation of LADC cells. After Anxa3 downregulation, the growth of A549 and LTEP-a2 LADC cells was slowed and they showed decreased migration and invasion in vitro. Anxa3 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor formation by A549 cells in vivo; while many metastases were formed by control A549 cells, there were obvious reductions in the numbers of lung, liver, and brain metastases formed by Anxa3 knockdown in A549 cells. Furthermore, Anxa3 knockdown significantly decreased MMP-2 and N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression both in cell lines in vitro and in tumor nodules examined during in vivo tumorigenesis assays. Interestingly, Anxa3 downregulation reduced the phosphorylated levels of MEK and ERK. In summary, Anxa3 knockdown inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis of LADC, decreased the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and modulated the expression of MMP-2, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin.
Impact of Training on Three-Dimensional versus Two-Dimensional Laparoscopic Systems on Acquisition of Laparoscopic Skills in Novices: A Prospective Comparative Pilot Study
Authors: Noureldin Yasser A. , Stoica Ana , Kaneva Pepa , Andonian Sero
Published: November 2016

In this prospective educational study, 10 medical students (novices) were randomized to practice two basic laparoscopic tasks from the MISTELS program, namely, Pegboard Transfer (PT) and Intracorporeal Knot Tying (IKT) tasks, using either a 2D or a 3D laparoscopic platform. There was no significant difference between both groups in the baseline assessments (PT task: 130.8 ± 18.7 versus 151.5 ± 33.4; p=0.35) (IKT task: 123.9 ± 41.0 versus 122.9 ± 44.9; p=0.986). Following two training sessions, there was a significant increase in the scores of PT task for the 2D (130.8 ± 18.7 versus 222.6 ± 7.0; p = 0.0004) and the 3D groups (151.5 ± 33.4 versus 211.7 ± 16.2; p = 0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the scores of IKT task for the 2D (123.9 ± 41.0 versus 373.3 ± 47.2; p = 0.003) and the 3D groups (122.9 ± 44.9 versus 338.8 ± 28.6; p = 0.0005). However, there was no significant difference in the final assessment scores between 2D and 3D groups for both tasks (p > 0.05). Therefore, 3D laparoscopic systems do not provide an advantage over 2D systems for training novices in basic laparoscopic skills.
A Generalization on Weighted Means and Convex Functions with respect to the Non-Newtonian Calculus
Authors: Kadak Uğur , Gürefe Yusuf
Published: November 2016

This paper is devoted to investigating some characteristic features of weighted means and convex functions in terms of the non-Newtonian calculus which is a self-contained system independent of any other system of calculus. It is shown that there are infinitely many such useful types of weighted means and convex functions depending on the choice of generating functions. Moreover, some relations between classical weighted mean and its non-Newtonian version are compared and discussed in a table. Also, some geometric interpretations of convex functions are presented with respect to the non-Newtonian slope. Finally, using multiplicative continuous convex functions we give an application.
Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Cross-Sectional Survey Assessing the Perceptions and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Ethiopia
Authors: Erku Daniel Asfaw
Published: November 2016

Background. Community pharmacists are key healthcare professionals for antimicrobial stewardship programs owing to their role in dispensing of antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to assess the perception and practices of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by selecting pharmacy sites through stratified simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.Results. Majority of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that AMS program is vital for the improvement of patient care. Almost all of respondents agreed that pharmacists can play a prominent role in AMS and infection prevention (93.2%, median = 5; IQR = 2–5). However, only 26.5% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that AMS should be practiced at community pharmacy level (median = 4, IQR = 1–3) and more than half of community pharmacists (59.9%) often/always dispense antimicrobial without a prescription.Conclusion. The present study revealed positive perceptions and practices of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial stewardship. Yet, some weak areas like integration of AMS program in community pharmacies, the significance of interprofessional involvement, and dispensing of antimicrobials without a valid prescription still need improvement.
Preservation of Preloaded DMEK Lenticules in Dextran and Non-Dextran-Based Organ Culture Medium
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Ruzza Alessandro , Ferrari Stefano , Ponzin Diego
Published: November 2016

Purpose.To determine the optimum preservation conditions for preloading DMEK lenticules using organ culture system.Methods.8.5 mm DMEK lenticules were stripped and preserved with endothelium flap-in for 4 days at RT in an IOL cartridge that was blocked with rubber stoppers from each end. In C1, tissues were collected from tissue culture medium (TCM) and preserved in TCM. In C2, tissues were collected from transport medium (TCM + 6% dextran T500) (TM) and preserved in TM. In C3, tissues were collected from TCM and preserved in TM. Mortality, glucose uptake, histological staining, tight junctions and cell apoptosis were studied post-preservation.Results.Mortality in C1, C2, and C3 were 49.40%, 8.53%, and 27.74%, with 40.7%, 13%, and 41.8% uncovered areas. Glucose uptake (mg/mL) was 0.32, 0.43, and 0.56 in C1, C2, and C3. PAS staining showed presence of DM and endothelium in C2 but not in C1 and with fewer cells in C3. ZO-1 was expressed in all the conditions. Polymorphism was higher in C1 and C3. Mild apoptosis was observed in C3.Conclusions.Dextran may play an important role in preserving the endothelial cells before and after stripping for trifolded (endothelium-in) preloaded DMEK lenticules.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Diagnosed after Switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod
Authors: Sinnecker Tim , Othman Jalal , Kühl Marc , Metz Imke , Niendorf Thoralf , Kunkel Annett , Paul Friedemann , Wuerfel Jens , Faiss Juergen
Published: November 2016

Background. Natalizumab- (NTZ-) associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe and often disabling infectious central nervous system disease that can become evident in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients after NTZ discontinuation. Recently, novel diagnostic biomarkers for the assessment of PML risk in NTZ treated MS patients such as the anti-JC virus antibody index have been reported, and the clinical relevance of milky-way lesions detectable by MRI has been discussed. Case Presentation and Conclusion. We report a MS patient in whom PML was highly suspected solely based on MRI findings after switching from NTZ to fingolimod despite repeatedly negative (ultrasensitive) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. The PML diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed by brain biopsy. The occurrence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during fingolimod therapy, elevated measures of JCV antibody indices, and the relevance of milky-way-like lesions detectable by (7 T) MRI are discussed.
Evaluating the Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke of Oral Antithrombotic Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Radiation Therapy
Authors: Hsu Chin-Wei , Huang Yaw-Bin , Kuo Chen-Chun , Chen Chung-Yu
Published: November 2016

Although previous studies demonstrated the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), the impact of oral antithrombotic therapy (OAT) on this risk has not yet been assessed. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OAT in patients with HNC treated with RT. This retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. A total of 37,638 patients diagnosed with HNC included in the study were classified as users and nonusers of OAT. Primary outcome was IS or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and secondary outcomes were death and major bleeding. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was no significant difference in the risk of IS or TIA between patients on continuous OAT and nonusers (adjusted HR, 0.812; 95% CI, 0.199–3.309). The risk of major bleeding was not significantly different between the groups. From a national population database, we did not find an association between OAT and decreasing risk of ischemic stroke/TIA or increasing hazard of major bleeding.
A Novel Dictionary Learning Model with PT-HLBP for Palmprint Recognition
Authors: Guo Xiumei , Zhou Weidong
Published: November 2016

A novel projective dictionary pair learning (PDPL) model with statistical local features for palmprint recognition is proposed. Pooling technique is used to enhance the invariance of hierarchical local binary pattern (PT-HLBP) for palmprint feature extraction. PDPL is employed to learn an analysis dictionary and a synthesis dictionary which are utilized for image discrimination and representation. The proposed algorithm has been tested by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) database (v2) and ideal recognition accuracy can be achieved. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm not only greatly reduces the time complexity in training and testing phase, but also exhibits good robustness for image rotation and corrosion.
Coefficient Estimates for Certain Subclasses of Biunivalent Functions Defined by Convolution
Authors: Vijaya R. , Sudharsan T. V. , Sivasubramanian S.
Published: November 2016

We introduce two new subclasses of the function class Σ of biunivalent functions in the open disc defined by convolution. Estimates on the coefficients a2 and a3 for the two subclasses are obtained. Moreover, we verify Brannan and Clunie’s conjecture a2≤2 for our subclasses.
The Use of Miswak as Toothbrush for Orthodontic Patient
Authors: Ismail Khoirulzariah
Published: November 2016

This case report presents a patient who is undergoing orthodontic treatment with upper and lower fixed appliance. An interesting point on this case is that the patient only uses Miswak as her oral hygiene tool due to her religious belief. The oral hygiene protocol was allowed and her oral health was closely monitored throughout her orthodontic treatment.
Recurrence of Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor: A Rare Pancreatic Tumor
Authors: Punch Chandra , Garg Nupur , Harris Penelope
Published: November 2016

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) is a rare disease of young females that does not usually recur after resection. Here we report a case of an elderly female with history of SPTP ten years ago who presented with anorexia and a palpable left lower quadrant abdominal mass. Imaging revealed metastatic disease and US-guided biopsy of the liver confirmed the diagnosis of SPTP. Due to her advanced age and comorbidities, she elected to undergo hospice care. The objective of this case report is to increase awareness of this tumor and its possibility of recurrence, necessitating further guidelines for follow-up.
BacillusPanophthalmitis with Posterior Extension to the Prechiasmatic Optic Nerve
Authors: Kasenchak James E. , Hale Benjamin P. , Wilson Thomas W. , Notz Gregory M.
Published: November 2016

A rare case ofBacilluspanophthlamitis with extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve secondary to hematogenous spreading after intravenous drug use is presented. A 27-year-old man with a recent history of trauma to the left eye presented with severe left eye pain following a binge of intravenous drug use. Visual acuity (VA) was LP. On examination he had chemosis, proptosis, elevated intraocular pressure, and a complete hyphema. CT-scan identified preseptal swelling, but no evidence of any posterior extension of the anterior process or orbital fractures. Topical and systemic therapy were initiated. On follow-up clinical examination less than 12 hours after presentation he had signs of a keratitis with worsening ophthalmoplegia and repeat imaging demonstrated posterior extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve. Shortly after the cornea ruptured with cultures growingBacillus. The patient underwent enucleation and has had no further progression of infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report ofBacilluspanophthalmitis presenting with signs of trauma with posterior extension to the prechiasmatic optic nerve.
Chronic Functional Constipation and Encopresis in Children in Relationship with the Psychosocial Environment
Authors: Olaru Claudia , Diaconescu Smaranda , Trandafir Laura , Gimiga Nicoleta , Olaru Radian A. , Stefanescu Gabriela , Ciubotariu Gabriela , Burlea Marin , Iorga Magdalena
Published: November 2016

Functional constipation is an issue for both the patient and his/her family, affecting the patient’s psychoemotional balance, social relations, and their harmonious integration in the school environment. We aimed to highlight the connection between chronic constipation and encopresis and the patient’s psychosocial and family-related situation.Material and Method. 57 patients with ages spanning from 6 to 15 were assessed within the pediatric gastroenterology ward. Sociodemographic, medical, and psychological data was recorded. The collected data was processed using the SPSS 20 software.Results. The study group consisted of 57 children diagnosed with encopresis (43 boys (75.44%) and 14 girls (24.56%)),M=10.82years. It was determined that most of the children came from urban families with a poor socioeducational status. We identified a level of studies of11.23±5.56years in mothers, while fathers had an average number of9.35±4.53years of study. We also found a complex relationship between encopretic episodes and school performances (F=7.968,p=0.001, 95% Cl). Children with encopresis were found to have more anxiety/depression symptoms, greater social problems, more disruptive behavior, and poorer school performance.Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of the family environment and socioeconomic factors in manifestations of chronic constipation and encopresis.
Investigation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Mai Tong Formula on Lower Limb Macroangiopathy in a Spontaneous Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Gong Guangming , Yuan Haipo , Liu Ya , Qi Luguang
Published: November 2016

A new Chinese herbal formula called Mai Tong Formulae (MTF) has recently been used to treat lower limb macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of MTF on lower limb macroangiopathy in a spontaneous diabetic rat model (GK rats). We found that MTF treatment significantly reduced serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), IL6, and VEGF and increased serum insulin in this model. Histological and ultrastructural observations showed that MTF treatment significantly reduced vascular endothelial cell shedding and improved endothelium injuries. We further detect proteome alteration following MTF treatment. 25 differential proteins (DPs) abnormally expressed in GK rats were normalized by MTF treatment. These DPs significantly are enriched in biological processes and pathways that regulate muscle contraction and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and so on. Additional protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of the DPs showed that Fasn and Prkar2a are involved in the AMPK signaling pathway, and Gnas, Myh11, and Myh6 are involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction; these 5 DPs were validated by Western blotting. These results indicate that MTF treatment effectively treats lower limb macroangiopathy by regulating key proteins involved in AMPK signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Computation Analysis of Buckling Loads of Thin-Walled Members with Open Sections
Authors: Huang Lihua , Li Bin , Wang Yuefang
Published: November 2016

The computational methods for solving buckling loads of thin-walled members with open sections are not unique when different concerns are emphasized. In this paper, the buckling loads of thin-walled members in linear-elastic, geometrically nonlinear-elastic, and nonlinear-inelastic behaviors are investigated from the views of mathematical formulation, experiment, and numerical solution. The differential equations and their solutions of linear-elastic and geometrically nonlinear-elastic buckling of thin-walled members with various constraints are derived. Taking structural angle as an example, numerical analysis of elastic and inelastic buckling is carried out via ANSYS. Elastic analyses for linearized buckling and nonlinear buckling are realized using finite elements of beam and shell and are compared with the theoretical results. The effect of modeling of constraints on numerical results is studied when shell element is applied. The factors that influence the inelastic buckling load in numerical solution, such as modeling of constraint, loading pattern, adding rib, scale factor of initial defect, and yield strength of material, are studied. The noteworthy problems and their solutions in numerically buckling analysis of thin-walled member with open section are pointed out.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Aerial Parts of Snake Gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerinaLinn.)
Authors: Liyanage Ruvini , Nadeeshani Harshani , Jayathilake Chathuni , Visvanathan Rizliya , Wimalasiri Swarna
Published: November 2016

The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutritional and functional properties ofT. cucumerina. Water extracts of freeze dried flowers, fruits, and leaves ofT.cucumerinawere evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity,α-amylase inhibitory activity, and fiber and mineral contents. Antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves than in flowers and fruits. A significant linear correlation was observed between the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of plant extracts. Although, leaves and flower samples showed a significantly higher (P≤0.05) amylase inhibitory activity than the fruit samples, the overall amylase inhibition was low in all three parts ofT. cucumerina. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in fruits than in flowers and leaves. Ca and K contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaf followed by fruit and flower and Mg, Fe, and Zn contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves followed by flowers and fruits. In conclusion,T. cucumerinacan be considered as a nourishing food commodity which possesses high nutritional and functional benefits for human health.
Comparison of the Accuracy and Performance of Different Numbers of Classes in Discretised Solution Method for Population Balance Model
Authors: Li Zhenliang , Zhou Zhien , Zhang Sheng , Jiang Hongqiang
Published: November 2016

One way of solving population balance model (PBM) in a time efficient way is by means of discretisation of the population property of interest. A computational grid, for example, vi+1=kvi (vi is the volume of particle in class i), could be used to classify the particles in discretisation techniques. However, there are still disagreements in the appropriate number of classes divided by the grids. In this study, the different numbers of classes for solving PBM were compared in terms of accuracy and performance to describe the particle size distribution (PSD) from the flocculation of activated sludge. It is found that the simulated PSDs are similar to the experimental data for all the geometric grids (vi+1:vi≤2), and there is no obvious difference among the values of calibrated parameter, ratio of breakage rate coefficient and collision efficiency, for each velocity gradient. However, the simulation results with less error could be obtained with larger number of classes, and more computational times, which show exponential relationship with the number of classes, are needed. Considering numerical accuracy and efficiency, the classes 35 or a geometric grid with factor 1.6, aligning with the Fibonacci sequence (vi+vi-1≈vi+1), is recommended for the particles in the size range of 5.5~1086 μm.
A First Insight into the Genetic Diversity and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Pang Yu , Chen Songhua , Wu Beibei , He Haibo , Pan Aizhen , Wang Xiaomeng
Published: November 2016

In this study, our aim was to determine the predominant genotypes among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains circulating in Zhejiang Province. In addition, we also sought to determine the potential associations between MTB genotypes and susceptibility to first-line drugs. Out of these isolates, 673 (71.6%) were classified into the Beijing genotype, while the other 267 (28.4%) were from non-Beijing families. The highest proportion of Beijing genotype was found in Huzhou (80.0%) and the lowest in Lishui (48.3%). Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Beijing genotype among different regions (χ2 = 17.57, P = 0.04). In addition, the overall proportions of drug resistance to INH, RIF, SM, and EMB were 13.2% (124/940), 21.8% (75/940), 3.4% (32/940), and 5.9% (55/940) in Zhejiang, respectively. Further comparison revealed that there was no significant difference in drug susceptibility profiles between Beijing and non-Beijing strains (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we describe the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern of MTB in Zhejiang for the first time. Our data demonstrate that Beijing genotype is the predominant lineage in Zhejiang, while the distribution of Beijing-genotype strains shows geographic diversity. In addition, no correlation is observed between Beijing genotype and anti-TB drug resistance.
Beam Energy Dependence of Hanbury-Brown-Twiss Radii from a Blast-Wave Model
Authors: Zhang S. , Ma Y. G. , Chen J. H. , Zhong C.
Published: November 2016

The beam energy dependence of correlation lengths (the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii) is calculated by using a blast-wave model and the results are comparable with those from RHIC-STAR beam energy scan data as well as the LHC-ALICE measurements. A set of parameters for the blast-wave model as a function of beam energy under study are obtained by fit to the HBT radii at each energy point. The transverse momentum dependence of HBT radii is presented with the extracted parameters for Au+Au collision at sNN = 200 GeV and for Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV. From our study one can learn that particle emission duration cannot be ignored while calculating the HBT radii with the same parameters. And tuning kinetic freeze-out temperature in a range will result in system lifetime changing in the reverse direction as it is found in RHIC-STAR experiment measurements.
Targeting Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts for Therapeutic Delivery in Desmoplastic Tumors
Authors: Miao Lei , Liu Qi , Lin C. Michael , Luo Cong , Wang Yuhua , Liu Lina , Yin Weiyan , Hu Shihao , Kim William Y. , Huang Leaf
Published: November 2016

The off-target distribution of anticancer nanoparticles to fibroblasts creates a barrier to the effective treatment of desmoplastic tumors. However, we hypothesized that this nanoparticle detriment might be exploited to target the expression of secreted cytotoxic proteins from tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) as an anticancer strategy. In addressing this hypothesis, plasmids encoding the secretable TNF-related factor sTRAIL were loaded into lipid-coated protamine DNA complexes and administered by infusion in a murine xenograft model of human desmoplastic bladder carcinoma. Three doses were sufficient to generate approximately 70% of TAFs as sTRAIL-producing cells. sTRAIL triggered apoptosis in tumor cell nests adjacent to TAFs. Furthermore, it reverted residual fibroblasts to a quiescent state due to insufficient activation, further compromising tumor growth and remodeling the microenvironment to favor second-wave nanotherapy. We confirmed the efficacy of this strategy in an orthotopic xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer, where the desmoplastic stroma is well known to be a major barrier to the delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles. Collectively, our results offer a proof of concept for the use of nanoparticles to modify TAFs as an effective strategy to treat desmoplastic cancers. Cancer Res; 77(3); 719–31. ©2016 AACR.
Systematic Drug Screening Identifies Tractable Targeted Combination Therapies in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wali Vikram B. , Langdon Casey G. , Held Matthew A. , Platt James T. , Patwardhan Gauri A. , Safonov Anton , Aktas Bilge , Pusztai Lajos , Stern David F. , Hatzis Christos
Published: November 2016

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an aggressive disease without effective targeted therapies. In this study, we addressed this challenge by testing 128 FDA-approved or investigational drugs as either single agents or in 768 pairwise drug combinations in TNBC cell lines to identify synergistic combinations tractable to clinical translation. Medium-throughput results were scrutinized and extensively analyzed for sensitivity patterns, synergy, anticancer activity, and were validated in low-throughput experiments. Principal component analysis revealed that a fraction of all upregulated or downregulated genes of a particular targeted pathway could partly explain cell sensitivity toward agents targeting that pathway. Combination therapies deemed immediately tractable to translation included ABT-263/crizotinib, ABT-263/paclitaxel, paclitaxel/JQ1, ABT-263/XL-184, and paclitaxel/nutlin-3, all of which exhibited synergistic antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in multiple TNBC backgrounds. Mechanistic investigations of the ABT-263/crizotinib combination offering a potentially rapid path to clinic demonstrated RTK blockade, inhibition of mitogenic signaling, and proapoptotic signal induction in basal and mesenchymal stem–like TNBC. Our findings provide preclinical proof of concept for several combination treatments of TNBC, which offer near-term prospects for clinical translation. Cancer Res; 77(2); 566–78. ©2016 AACR.