bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korelasi Marshall CT score sebagai prediktor mortalitas pada penderita cedera kepala di RSUD dr Abdul Aziz Singkawang
Authors: Kumoro Titah Arif Cahyo , Saragih Sonny Giat Raja , Natalia Diana
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Cedera kepala termasuk masalah global dan salah satu penyebab terbanyak kematian dan kecacatan diseluruh dunia. Insiden cedera kepala banyak terjadi pada usia produktif, yaitu pada usia 15-24 tahun. Di Indonesia kasus trauma merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak ke-4 setelah stroke, tuberkulosis dan hipertensi. Insiden terjadinya cedera kepala di Indonesia relatif tinggi, terutama cedera kepala akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mencapai angka 19,6%. Di Kalimantan Barat sendiri jumlah korban meninggal akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas terjadi sebanyak 560 orang pada tahun 2013, 550 orang pada tahun 2014 dan 470 orang pada tahun 2015. Sedangkan insiden kecelakaan lalu lintas di Kota Singkawang tercatat 211 kasus pada tahun 2012, 168 kasus pada tahun 2013, 120 kasus pada tahun 2014, 110 kasus pada tahun 2015 dan terdapat 71 kasus pada tahun 2016. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang. Dilakukan di RSUD Dr Abdul Aziz Kota Singkawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dari seluruh rekam medis pasien bedah saraf dengan cedera kepala sedang dan berat diRSUD Abdul Aziz Kota Singkawang. Data yang diambil adalah hasil penilaian CT Scan pasien menggunakan Marshall CT Score dan penilaian hasil keluar, yang diambil berdasarkan rekam medis pasien. Sampel minimal yang diambil sebanyak 30 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil: terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara Marshall CT Score dan mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala sedang dan berat dengan nilai r mencapai 0.943 dari 66 data. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara Marshall CT Score dan mortalitas, yang mana semakin tinggi nilai Marshall maka semakin tinggi angka mortalitas. Nilai GCS yang terbanyak pada subjek penelitian adalah 12. Nilai Marshall CT Score terbanyak yaitu kategori diffuse injury II, dan persentase mortalitas tertinggi pada kategori non evacuated mass lesion. Angka mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala sedang dan berat adalah 26 orang.
Gambaran demensia vaskular pada pasien stroke nonhemoragik dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di poli saraf UPTD RSUD Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Pontianak
Authors: Aprila Rachel Dhea , An An , Raharjo Widi
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Demensia vaskuler (VaD/vascular dementia) menempati peringkat kedua penyebab utama demensia atau dikenal dengan istilah pikun. Demensia berkembang sekitar 15-30% dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan setelah serangan stroke. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan faktor risiko independen stroke nonhemoragik yang dapat dimodifikasi. Sekitar 90% kasus lebih sering terjadi pada individu dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Indonesia menempati urutan ke-6 dengan angka penderita diabetes sebanyak 10,3 juta jiwa di tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran demensia vaskular pada pasien stroke nonhemoragik dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poli Saraf RSUD Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Pontianak. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan kuesioner penelitian MoCA-INA, HIS, ADL dan IADL. Hasil: Pasien stroke nonhemoragik lebih banyak laki-laki (57,9%), kelompok umur 55-64 tahun (47,4%), ibu rumah tangga (IRT) (34,2%), tingkat pendidikan SMA (50%). Dijumpai gangguan kognitif ringan sebesar 47,4%, ADL tingkat ketergantungan ringan sebesar 57,9%, IADL tingkat mandiri sebesar 42,1% dan 94,7% terdiagnosis VaD. Kesimpulan: Demensia vaskular banyak dijumpai pada pasien stroke nonhemoragik dengan diabetes melitus 2.
Perbandingan tulang dan lokomosi pada quadrupedal dan bipedal
Authors: Wicaksono Arif , Kusumaningtyas Sasanthy
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Antropologi masih memperlihatkan ketertarikan dalam membandingkan struktur skeletal dan lokomosi antara manusia dan primata. Manusia dikatakan berkembang menjadi bipedal karena proses evolusi ribuan tahun dari primata. Metode: Penelitian ini membahas perubahan anatomi yang terjadi pada quadrupedal dan bipedalsecara umum kemudian mengkhususkan pada anatomi skeleton apendiculare, komparasinya dan hubungannya dengan lokomosi. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan pada beberapa detil tulang antara bipedal dan quadrupedal. Kesimpulan: Bentuk tulang pada manusia bipedal dan primata quadrupedal mirip tetapi terdapat perbedaan pada ukurandan bentuk dari skeleton appendicularnya yang menyebabkan perbedaanpembagian/penerusan beban, berbedaan lokomosi dan perbedaan energi yang diperlukan untuk melakukan lokomosi.
Comparisons between quantum state distinguishability measures
Authors: Audenaert Koenraad M.R.
Published: March 2021

We provide a compendium of inequalities between several quantum state distinguishability measures. For each measure these inequalities consist of the sharpest possible upper and lower bounds in terms of another measure. Some of these inequalities are already known, but new or more general proofs are given, whereas other inequalities are new. We also supply cases of equality to show that all inequalities are indeed the sharpest possible.
Quantum algorithms for one-dimensional infrastructures
Authors: Sarvepalli Pradeep , Wocjan Pawel M.
Published: March 2021

Infrastructures are group-like objects that make their appearance in arithmetic geometry in the study of computational problems related to number fields and function fields over finite fields. The most prominent computational tasks of infrastructures are the computation of the circumference of the infrastructure and the generalized discrete logarithms. Both these problems are not known to have efficient classical algorithms for an arbitrary infrastructure. Our main contributions are polynomial time quantum algorithms for one-dimensional infrastructures that satisfy certain conditions. For instance, these conditions are always fulfilled for infrastructures obtained from number fields and function fields, both of unit rank one. Since quadratic number fields give rise to such infrastructures, this algorithm can be used to solve Pell's equation and the principal ideal problem. In this sense we generalize Hallgren's quantum algorithms for quadratic number fields, while also providing a polynomial speedup over them. Our more general approach shows that these quantum algorithms can also be applied to infrastructures obtained from complex cubic and totally complex quartic number fields. Our improved way of analyzing the performance makes it possible to show that these algorithms succeed with constant probability independent of the problem size. In contrast, the lower bound on the success probability due to Hallgren decreases as the fourth power of the logarithm of the circumference. Our analysis also shows that fewer qubits are required. We also contribute to the study of infrastructures, and show how to compute efficiently within infrastructures.
One-step implementation of quantum comtrolled-phase gate via quantum Zeno dynamics
Authors: Li Wen-An , Wei Lian-Fu
Published: March 2021

We propose a scheme to implement a quantum controllable-phase gate via quantum Zeno dynamics. The two qubits are asymmetrically encoded by two four-level atoms coupled via a quantized cavity mode. Under proper conditions, the desirable logic operation can be implemented in one step. Since the qubit is encoded by the ground and the metastable states of the atom and the cavity mode is not really excited, our protocol is robust against the spontaneous decays of the atoms and cavity. Specifically, the feasibility of our generic proposal is demonstrated with two nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to whispering-gallery microresonator.
Quantum solution to a three player Kolkata restaurant problem using entangled qutrits
Authors: Sharif Puya , Heydari Hoshang
Published: March 2021

Three player quantum Kolkata restaurant problem is modelled using three entangled qutrits. This first use of three level quantum states in this context is a step towards a $N$-choice generalization of the $N$-player quantum minority game. It is shown that a better than classical payoff is achieved by a Nash equilibrium solution where the space of available strategies is spanned by subsets of SU(3) and the players share a tripartite entangled initial state.
Hardness of approximation for quantum problems
Authors: Gharibian Sevag , Kempe Julia
Published: March 2021

The polynomial hierarchy plays a central role in classical complexity theory. Here, we define a quantum generalization of the polynomial hierarchy, and initiate its study. We show that not only are there natural complete problems for the second level of this quantum hierarchy, but that these problems are in fact hard to approximate. Using the same techniques, we also obtain hardness of approximation for the class QCMA. Our approach is based on the use of dispersers, and is inspired by the classical results of Umans regarding hardness of approximation for the second level of the classical polynomial hierarchy [Umans, FOCS 1999]. The problems for which we prove hardness of approximation for include, among others, a quantum version of the Succinct Set Cover problem, and a variant of the local Hamiltonian problem with hybrid classical-quantum ground states.
The Wnt signaling receptor Fzd9 is essential for Myc-driven tumorigenesis in pancreatic islets
Authors: Zacarías-Fluck Mariano F , Jauset Toni , Martínez-Martín Sandra , Kaur Jastrinjan , Casacuberta-Serra Sílvia , Massó-Vallés Daniel , Serrano del Pozo Erika , Martín-Fernández Génesis , González-Larreategui Íñigo , López-Estévez Sergio , Brown-Swigart Lamorna , Beaulieu Marie-Eve , Whitfield Jonathan R , Madan Babita , Virshup David M , Evan Gerard I , Soucek Laura
Published: March 2021

The huge cadre of genes regulated by Myc has obstructed the identification of critical effectors that are essential for Myc-driven tumorigenesis. Here, we describe how only the lack of the receptor Fzd9, previously identified as a Myc transcriptional target, impairs sustained tumor expansion and β-cell dedifferentiation in a mouse model of Myc-driven insulinoma, allows pancreatic islets to maintain their physiological structure and affects Myc-related global gene expression. Importantly, Wnt signaling inhibition in Fzd9-competent mice largely recapitulates the suppression of proliferation caused by Fzd9 deficiency upon Myc activation. Together, our results indicate that the Wnt signaling receptor Fzd9 is essential for Myc-induced tumorigenesis in pancreatic islets.
A Project Tracking Tool for Scrum Projects with Machine Learning Support for Cost Estimation
Authors: Periyasamy Kasi , Chianelli Joshua
Published: March 2021

Cost estimation in software development is very important because it not only gives an idea to all stakeholders on how long it takes to complete the product under development, but it also mandates tracking development activities so that the project does not overrun on time or budget. Several cost estimation models have been reported in the literature for software development using traditional life cycle models but there are only a few ad hoc methods for software projects that used agile methods. This paper describes the design and implementation of a project tracking tool for software projects that are developed using the agile method Scrum. The users of the tool can closely monitor the progress of user stories, sprint tasks and test cases inducted into a scrum board. The tool also supports cost estimation of the project based on user stories and sprint tasks. For every user story, the tool provides a measure of hardship to implement in terms of story points, and for every sprint task, it gives the anticipated completion time. The tool uses machine learning support for continuous monitoring of efforts based on sprint tasks. The effectiveness of the tool has been tested using three different graduate course projects.
The prevalence of stress and burnout in UK emergency ambulance service workers and its impact on their mental health and well-being
Authors: Miller Elisha
Published: March 2021

 Aims: To assess the prevalence of burnout among emergency ambulance service workers in one ambulance station; to determine if there are any variances based on socio-demographic information such as gender, clinical grade and length of service; to examine
the distinctions between personal, work-related and patient-related burnout; to identify current workplace interventions to reduce stress and burnout that will improve mental health and well-being.

 Methods: Mixed methods ‐ the Copenhagen
Burnout Inventory (CBI) was utilised, measuring burnout across three domains (personal, work-related and patient-related) alongside collecting demographic information such as gender, role, full-time or part-time employment and length of service. A free-text space was available to provide opinions
on causes of burnout and on how current practice can be improved; these were analysed via thematic analysis.

 Results: Seventy-eight staff members completed the questionnaire. These were: 16 emergency care assistants, 15 technicians and 47 paramedics.
Thirty-eight (48.7%) staff members experienced personal burnout, 42 (53.8%) experienced work-related burnout and 29 (37.1%) experienced patient-related burnout. It was found that those most at risk of burnout were full-time male employees with more than 10 years’ experience and employed
within a paramedic position. Six themes were identified through thematic analysis: unnecessary callouts, shift patterns, support options, management, sickness absence and job demands.

 Conclusion: Findings suggest that burnout is prevalent within
the ambulance service environment and can result in long-term sickness absences and declining mental health. This requires further investigation into causation alongside consideration of preventative measures and interventions to improve ambulance service staff well-being while increasing
staff resilience to prevent burnout. Support for managers in recognising symptoms of burnout is also imperative because providing them with the training to recognise a mental health issue, interpret it and promptly treat it can mean the difference between sickness absences, future PTSD, unwell
staff presenting at work and staff feeling valued and supported by management. The introduction of mandatory counselling and well-being sessions was also recommended by participants to improve staff mental health and well-being and reduce instances of work-related burnout, while providing
financial advantages to the ambulance service with a reduction in additional overtime and sickness payments.
Guía de densidad para el manejo de rodales naturales de Pinus rudis Endl. en Oaxaca
Authors: Martínez Santiago Daniel , Caballero Cruz Prudencia , Filio Hernández Eduardo , Garzón Trinidad Alejandro , Ortiz Barrios Rosalino , Cruz Santiago Octavio Lemuel , Aparicio Cuevas Ithaiz , Sandoval García Carmela
Published: March 2021

La densidad forestal asociada con la calidad de sitio determina la productividad del bosque, y su medición permite predecir tasas de crecimiento y mortalidad. El manejo a través de aclareos mejora las características del bosque, ya que reduce la competencia entre individuos. El propósito del presente estudio, fue construir una guía de densidad para el manejo de rodales naturales de Pinus rudis en la región Mixteca de Oaxaca, México. El índice de densidad de Reineke (IDR) se calculó a partir de los diámetros cuadráticos y número de árboles por hectárea de 81 sitios de muestreo de dimensiones variables, ubicados en masas puras, de ocupación completa y diferentes etapas de crecimiento. El factor de competencia de copas (FCC) se estimó mediante el ajuste del modelo de regresión lineal simple, con datos del diámetro normal-diámetro de copa de 54 árboles sin presencia de plagas o enfermedades, defectos físico-mecánicos y que estaban creciendo libres de competencia. El ajuste del modelo de Reineke y el de regresión lineal simple se realizó con la técnica de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. A partir del IDR y el FCC se construyó una guía de densidad, con la cual se determinó que los rodales objeto de estudio presentan niveles de densidad por arriba de 90 % de IDR, con un diámetro cuadrático de 15 cm.
Towards Universal Health Coverage in Brazil: analysis of programs to expand the supply of doctors in primary health care
Authors: Fava Virgínia Maria Dalfior , Lapão Luís Velez
Published: March 2021

Background

The inequality in the access to health services in Brazil is one of the consequences of the poor distribution of doctors throughout the country. This is observed by the scarcity of these professionals working in primary health care (PHC) in the Brazilian health care system (SUS), particularly in rural and poor suburban areas. This paper analyzes the policies of the Brazilian federal government aiming to increase access to health services by encouraging physicians to work in PHC. The study examines the policies’ effects regarding the availability of doctors, and the participation of Brazilian doctors on the “Mais Médicos” Project, leading to recommendations for future strategies.

Methods

The research combined a scope review, based on documents produced by the federal government, and analysis of secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Health, as well as from official websites of the Brazilian government.

Results

The results indicate advances in innovative strategies to expand the number of physicians, increasing the availability of these professionals, and PHC coverage. However, it is still necessary to fight the scarcity of professionals and fill healthcare positions primarily in municipalities far from urban centers, poor and suburban areas, and Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts.

Conclusions

Improving health coverage in Brazil through strengthening primary health care will require further efforts to overcome the challenge of attracting and retaining doctors to work in disadvantaged areas, increasing the availability and accessibility of health workers. In addition, new policies need to emphasize the participation of other health professionals such as nurses, auxiliary nurses, and community health agents, as well as incorporate new technology able to reduce distances between health professionals and users of the Brazilian health care system.
Manajemen Pembelajaran
Authors: Gemnafle Mathias , Batlolona John Rafafy
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini disusun dengan maksud mengeksplorasi masalah manajemen pembelajaran  di sekolah  yang patut mendapat perhatian semua pihak. Masalah mutu lulusan diberbagai jenjang dan jenis sekolah dipengaruhi pula oleh kualitas manajemen pembelajaran yang diterapkan di sekolah.  Fakta bahwa seluruh proses dan hasil belajar yang dicapai siswa sangat tergantung kepada peranan, tugas dan tanggung jawab kepala sekolah dan  guru di sekolah. Salah satu tugas dan peran kepala sekolah dan guru adalah pengelola proses pembelajar yang bertumpu pada kinerja yang bermutu. Proses pengelolaan di sekolah harus dimulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, penilaian dan tindak lanjut. Yang menjadi tuntutan itu adalah supaya proses manajemen pembelajaran dimaksud dilakukan dengan baik dan benar oleh guru yang  profesional, sehingga memuat konten pembelajaran yang mampu menghasilkan kompetensi akademik dan non akademik yang utuh di dalam diri siswa. Oleh karena itu, kualitas kerja guru dalam merencanakan sampai mengevaluasi dan menggunakan hasil belajar peserta didik, berkorelasi positif dengan mutu lulusan di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kinerja manajerial positif yang tercermin secara efektif dalam proses belajar mengajar, tentu akan memberikan dampak  besar terhadap hasil pembelajaran yang dicapai oleh peserta didiknya.  Pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar di sekolah  didahului dengan pekerjaan manajemen yang baik dan benar, adalah  keniscayaan kerja setiap pemimpin pembelajaran yang disebut Kepala Sekolah dan guru selaku eksekutor pembelajaran  di sekolah
Student Teams Achievement Division: Hasil Belajar Siswa Materi Segi Empat
Authors: Lestari Lina , Gaspersz Magy , Matulessy Maritje Poppy
Published: March 2021

Mathematics is one of the subjects considered difficult by students, so the learning outcomes obtained by students are low. The same thing also happened at SMPN 4 Ambon, after observing and interviewing the subject teachers, 58% of students obtained completeness of student learning in square material. Based on this, the teacher is required to be able to use the learning model so that the material is easily understood or understood by students and creates student-centered learning. So that it can improve student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the increase in student learning outcomes in class VII-6 SMP Negeri 4 Ambon through the STAD type cooperative learning model with 28 research subjects consisting of 15 male students and 13 female students. Classroom Action Research (CAR) consists of 4 (four) stages, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. Data collection is done by observation and tests. The results of observation of the activity showed that there was an increase in each cycle. Likewise with learning outcomes in each cycle has increased namely in the first cycle student learning outcomes by 71.4% or 20 students increased to 89.3% or 25 students in the second cycle so an increase of 17.9%.
Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Daging dalam Air Kapur Sirih (Ca(OH)2) pada Pembuatan Bakso Daging Kelinci terhadap Uji pH, Kadar Air, dan Organoleptik
Authors: Dahlan Mufid , Anggaeni Ernicka Dwi , Aspriati Dyah Wahyuning
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium peternakan universitas islam lamongan mulai tanggal 15 juni - 15 juli 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman daging dalam air kapur sirih (Ca(OH)2 pada pembuatan bakso daging kelinci terhadap uji pH, kadar air dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dipakai sebagai informasi bagi masyarakat, sebagai tambahan ilmu pengetahuan, bahwa air kapur sirih (Ca(OH)2 dengan kandungan kalsiumnya dapat memadatkan tekstur yang lunak dan menghilangkan aroma yang amis pada daging. Materi penelitian adalah seekor kelinci dewasa yang siap potong dan diambil dagingnya dengan berat setelah potong 750gram, tepung, bawang putih, es batu, garam, gula, lada dan putih telur. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan perlakuan kapur sirih 1% sedangkan ulangan lama waktu perendaman 0 menit, 5 menit, 10 menit dan 15 menit. parameter pengamatan pada pH, kadar Air dan Organoleptik bakso. pengumpulan data kuantitatif atau statistik, rancangan acak lengkap dan beda nyata terkecil  (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, lama perendaman air kapur sirih tidak terpengaruh oleh, pH bakso dan kadar air sedangkan uji organoleptik, warna, tekstur, aroma dan rasa memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dengan H0 ditolak H1 diterima dan F hitung 9,04 > F tabel 1,62 dengan responden menyukai tekstur bakso daging kelinci pada P1 (1% air kapur sirih dengan 5 menit).
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran dalam Meningkatkan Bisnis Properti Subsidi di Perumahan KD Asri Jombang
Authors: Ruswidia Sari Ekanesti , Qomariah Siti Nurul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang ada pada strategi pemasaran di perumahan subsidi KD ASRI Jombang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis SWOT dan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel yang menjadi kekuatan adalah harga yang jauh lebih murah dan juga kualitas bangunan yang bagus dan sangat memuaskan sehinggaÂ  mampu bersaing dengan perumahan lainnya. Pada masa sekarang ini dan pada masa yang akan datang dipastikan jumlah dari hasil penjualan perumahan semakin meningkat dari tahun-ketahun, ini dikarenakan keinginan masyarakat akan tempat tinggal sangat banyak sehingga permintaan perumahan semakin meningkat. Tidak hanya itu,Â  jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat dan minimnya lahan kosong juga salah satu alasan masyarakat lebih memilih perumahan untuk dijadikan tempat tinggal yang efektif dan efisien. Pemasaran dalam dunia bisnis persaingannya sangatlah ketat dengan semakin meningkat dan berkembangnya dunia bisnis modern di zaman sekarang ini. Sehingga, jumlah pembisnis semakin bertambah yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen baik berupa barang atau jasa, para pelaku bisnis memiliki tantangan untuk mendapatkan pasar yang ada yaitu dengan meningkatkan kualitas bangunan dengan cara memilih bahan atau material yang kualitasnya bagus sehingga menciptakan bangunan yang bagus dengan kualias yang bagus juga sehingga konsumen puas dengan perumahan yang ditawarkan. Jika pembisnis memberikan harga khusus juga kepada pelanggan yang membeli sebuah perumahan berdasarkan beberapa type yang dikhususkan itu juga akan meningkatkan jumlah minat dan permintaan konsumen.
Strategi Pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja melalui Penataan Kawasan
Authors: Leonard Daniel , Sinery Anton S. , Manusawai Jacob
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to formulate management strategies related to the condition and potential of the park. The results showed that land cover of Gunung Meja natural tourism park dominated by natural forest (77.5%), followed by plantations forest (11.7%), the former garden area (5.6%), gardens (3.4%) and open land, electricity network, tower and street with percent smaller extent. Potential natural forest vegetation is very high, includes 159 species of trees (186 individuals/ha, high diversity indeck), 149 species of poles (867 individuals / ha, medium diversity indeck), 164 species of saplings (3,904 individuals / ha, medium diversity indeck) and 177 species of seedlings (32,300 individuals / ha, medium diversity indeck) with the total of species is 223, as well as forest vegetation plants, medicinal plants and farm / plantation vegetation. The diversity of wildlife species include 15 species of mammals (2 species protected), 35 species of birds (12 species protected), 21 other species (8 lizards, 3 amphibia, 9 snakes and 1 turtles) and 14 species of insects (1 species protected). Potential support includes Japanese monument, caves, water and social communities. Utilization of the region has not done so well that affect the area as a result of the existence of agricultural activities, logging and utilities. Referral management includes policies (policies that embody accommodate all interests through the zoning system by protected zone, farm exploit zone and buffer zone).
Lyophilization biologicals products. Equipment. Technology. Validation.
Authors: Serbis E.S. , Matveeva I.N., , Eremets V. I.
Published: March 2021

Тhe aseptic process of industrial production of sterile lyophilized biological products is completed by one of the critical stages of the technological process, the freeze-drying. GOST R ISO 13408-3-2011 defines the term lyophilization as a synonym for the sublimation. Sublimation - the physical process on which the freeze-drying method is based. This paper discusses the issues of freeze drying that engineers and biologists, production technologist, designers of dry preparations, and quality specialists face with. Freeze-drying consists of three stages: freezing, freeze-drying and drying. Each stage has its own critical points, input and output parameters. The task of the developer of freeze-drying technology is to determine the need for each parameter and the sufficiency of their quantity. Equipment, technology and regulatory documents are considered as interdependent elements that make up freeze drying as a system. An integrated approach to the freeze-drying process includes the development of modes, equipment control, and internal documentation. The key parameters of the process are the qualitative and quantitative characteristics (reference values, measurement procedures, acceptable range of values) of the semi-finished liquid product and the finished freeze-dried product. Characteristics of the semi-finished liquid product are the temperature of complete crystallization; upper and lower eutectic temperatures; maximum permissible heating temperature (thermo-lability); density; specific (biological) activity. Freeze-drying process characteristics are: at the freezing stage - reaching the temperature of complete crystallization in the entire volume of the material received for drying; at the sublimation stage - maintaining the temperature in the dried material in the range between the lower and upper eutectic temperatures (without going beyond the upper); at the drying stage - reaching the maximum temperature in the material. The duration of each stage depends on the vial in which the dried material is packed, the volume of packaging, and the features of heat, mass, and energy exchange in the sublimation plant. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) should be designed with these features in mind. For example, for different packages (2ml or 10ml) in vials of the same volume, or for the same packaging in vials of different volumes, for example, 2ml in vial of 10-ml or 20-ml, separate SOPs are required in each case. In the current practice of industrial production, the quality of the lyophilized product is evaluated by humidity (GOST 24061-2012). In our work, to assess the quality of the process, we measured the decrease in the mass of liquid material during drying. We recommend measure both indicators, since they complement each other.
Genetic Material Upgrading: Misconception Identification Study in High School Biology Teachers
Authors: Sukmawati Ika , Permadani Karunia Galih
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify and map patterns of genetic misconceptions in high school biology teachers. This research was conducted in several stages, including the development of diagnostic test instrument with Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The instrument used in measuring misconceptions in this study is a three-tier test diagnostic instrument. There are 20 questions covering Basic Competencies 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8. The cognitive level of the questions covers C2 to C5 in Bloom Taxonomy. The validator's assessment shows that the instrument is suitable for data collection. The results of data collection indicate that the topics identified as having misconceptions among high school teachers are quite high (above 50%), among others: (1) The relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes; (2) Chromosome structure of eukaryotic cells; (3) The process of protein synthesis (transcription, translation, and genetic code); (4) Mendel Law 1; (5) Mendel Law 2; (6) Crossing-Over, Sex-Linkage, and Non-Disjunction; and (7) Causes of Mutations. Apart from misconception data, this study also reveals the experiences of teachers in conducting Biology teaching and learning activities, especially related to Genetics in high school.
Children’s Beliefs about Possibility Differ Across Dreams, Stories, and Reality
Authors: Goulding Brandon W. , Friedman Ori
Published: March 2021

Are children’s judgments about what can happen in dreams and stories constrained by their beliefs about reality? This question was explored across three experiments, in which 469 4- to 7-year-olds judged whether improbable and impossible events could occur in a dream, a story, or reality. In Experiment 1, children judged events more possible in dreams than in reality. In Experiment 2, children also judged events more possible in dreams than in stories. Both experiments also suggested that children’s beliefs about reality constrain their judgments about dreams and stories. Finally, in Experiment 3 children were asked about impossible events more typical of dreams and stories. In contrast with the other experiments, children now affirmed the events could happen in these worlds.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL APLICADA À OTIMIZAÇÃO DO DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMAGEM
Authors: AISDL
Published: March 2021

O uso da tecnologia para o diagnóstico por imagem tem crescido e otimizado a qualidade dos diagnósticos, velocidade dos exames e diminuindo o nível de dose para os pacientes. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido utilizando o padrão de estudo exploratório, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica de materiais já produzidos,e tem por objetivo verificar a presença da Inteligência Artificial (IA) aplicada à radiologia como meio de otimização do diagnóstico por imagem e despertar os profissionais da área sobre a evolução da tecnologia para obtenção de um melhor diagnóstico médico, concluindo que, futuramente, pode ser exigido uma adaptação dos mesmos para sua inserção ou permanência no mercado de trabalho, mostrando a importância da IA na radiologia de maneira que os profissionais da saúde devem se desenvolver nesta área, tendo em vista que a sua aplicação pode trazer grandes benefícios à humanidade.
The relationship between Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia in European Portuguese school-aged children
Authors: Oliveira Catia Margarida , vale ana paula , Thomson Jenny M.
Published: March 2021

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and dyslexia are neurodevelopmental disorders which show similar behavioural manifestations. In this study, between-group comparisons and frequency analysis were combined to investigate the relationship between DLD and dyslexia. European Portuguese children aged 7-10 years, with DLD (N = 7) or dyslexia (N = 11) were recruited and compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 21) on phonological processing, language and literacy measures. The between-group comparison revealed that for phonological processing, the clinical groups scored significantly below TD children on most tasks, yet the DLD group performed similarly to TD children for RAN speed and digit span. The clinical groups did not statistically differ in their phonological processing abilities. For language abilities, children with dyslexia did not differ from TD children, whilst children with DLD performed significantly below TD children on all measures and significantly below children with dyslexia for vocabulary. Finally, for literacy measures, there were no statistical differences between clinical groups which underperformed on all measures when compared to TD children. The frequency analysis showed that children with DLD exhibited a lower prevalence of RAN difficulties when compared to children with dyslexia, whilst children with DLD tended to show more frequent nonword repetition and phoneme deletion deficits. Additionally, whilst children with DLD consistently showed more prevalent language impairments, both clinical groups demonstrated similar prevalence rates of literacy deficits compared to TD children.These findings lend support to the additional deficit model of Bishop and Snowling (2004) as children with DLD show more severe and prevalent language impairments than those with dyslexia, despite similar phonological and literacy difficulties.
Rumination Derails Reinforcement Learning with Possible Implications for Ineffective Behavior
Authors: Hitchcock Peter , Forman Evan , Rothstein Nina Jill , Zhang Fengqing , Kounios John , Niv Yael , Sims Chris R.
Published: March 2021

How does rumination affect reinforcement learning—the ubiquitous process by which we adjust behavior after error in order to behave more effectively in the future? In a within-subject design (n=49), we tested whether experimentally induced rumination disrupts reinforcement learning in a multidimensional learning task previously shown to rely on selective attention. Rumination impaired performance, yet unexpectedly this impairment could not be attributed to decreased attentional breadth (quantified using a “decay” parameter in a computational model). Instead, trait rumination (between subjects) was associated with higher decay rates (implying narrower attention), yet not with impaired performance. Our task-performance results accord with the possibility that state rumination promotes stress-generating behavior in part by disrupting reinforcement learning. The trait-rumination finding accords with the predictions of a prominent model of trait rumination (the attentional-scope model). More work is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which state rumination disrupts reinforcement learning.
Existential Intelligence Scale and its Implications for Preliminary Assessment of Existential Neurosis
Authors: Fernandes Shannon John
Published: March 2021

This study aims to broaden the view of intelligence beyond the pre-existing notions or categories that include academic-specific domains. The Existential Intelligence Scale (EIS) attempts to measure the extent to which an individual allows themselves to venture into the realm of introspection about elements related to it like death, origins, existence, etc. This scale was made due to the author’s dissatisfaction with pre-existing existential scales, The scale was found to be internally consistent and had significant correlations with Depression and Stress on the DASS-21, but not with Anxiety. The limitations and scope for further research are also discussed.
Grievance, ideology and prejudice: On the tripartite nature of identity politics and its relation to left-wing authoritarianism
Authors: Fasce Angelo , Avendaño Diego
Published: March 2021

Identity politics based on a group-centric interpretation of society as a system of power and privilege are increasingly influential within left-wing parties and movements, although little is known about their psychological background. In this article, we report two quantitative studies (N = 1684), focused on radical feminism, cultural feminism, and critical race theory. The reported results suggest that these instances of identity politics encompass a tripartite content domain composed of perceived grievance, identity-based ideology, and prejudice toward groups perceived as privileged, which is related to authoritarian forms of social justice-seeking.
Deep Learning Neural Networks as a Component of a Model of Saccadic Generation
Authors: Krasovskaya Sofia , Zhulikov Georgii , MacInnes Joseph
Published: March 2021

Approximately twenty years ago, Laurent Itti and Christof Koch created a model of saliency in visual attention in an attempt to recreate the work of biological pyramidal neurons by mimicking neurons with centre-surround receptive fields. The Saliency Model has launched many studies that contributed to the understanding of layers of vision and the sphere of visual attention. The aim of the current study is to improve this model by using an artificial neural network as the spatial component of a model that generates saccades similar to how humans make saccadic eye movements. The proposed model uses a Leaky Integrate-and-Fire layer for temporal predictions, and replaces parallel feature maps with a deep learning neural network in order to create a generative model that is precise for both spatial and temporal shifts of attention. Our model was able to predict eye movements based on unsupervised learning from raw image input, combined with supervised learning from fixation maps retrieved during an eye-tracking experiment. The results imply that it is possible to match the spatial and temporal distributions of the model to spatial and temporal human distributions.
Prediction of Attrition in Large Longitudinal Studies: Tree-based methods versus Multinomial Logistic Models
Authors: Best Katherine Laura , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Murray Aja Louise , Ushakova Anastasia
Published: March 2021

Identifying predictors of attrition is essential for designing longitudinal studies such that attrition bias can be minimised, and for identifying the variables that can be used as auxiliary in statistical techniques to help correct for non-random drop-out. This paper provides a comparative overview of predictive techniques that can be used to model attrition and identify important risk factors that help in its prediction. Logistic regression and several tree-based machine learning methods were applied to Wave 2 dropout in an illustrative sample of 5000 individuals from a large UK longitudinal study, Understanding Society. Each method was evaluated based on accuracy, AUC-ROC, plausibility of key assumptions and interpretability. Our results suggest a 10% improvement in accuracy for random forest compared to logistic regression methods. However, given the differences in estimation procedures we suggest that both models could be used in conjunction to provide the most comprehensive understanding of attrition predictors.
Mental Health Problems and Self-Esteem among the Schoolchildren of Secondary School in Dharan
Authors: Poudel Kamala , Dangol Bhuwan Kumari , Shrestha Roshana
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Mental health and its related problems are growing concerns over the country. It is challenge to determine the epidemiology of childhood mental disorders. Early detection and effective intervention is necessary for holistic development of the futures citizens.

Objectives: To assess the mental health problems and self-esteem of schoolchildren studying in urban Schools of Dharan Sub-metropolitan City.

Materials and method: Cross-sectional descriptive research design was followed. The study population included schoolchildren studying in grade 9 and 10 in schools of Dharan (n = 450).  Simple random sampling technique was used to select the school and students. Mental health problems were assessed using self-administered Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and self-esteem level was monitored using self-administered Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Majority (55.6%) of the students were male. Among the total students 12.9% had mental health problems. Gender difference was statistically significant as girls had higher (14.5%) mental health problem (p value = 0.027).Girls (15%) were statistically significant more likely to have emotional problems within domain of mental health problem than boys (p value = 0.003).) whereas boys had conduct problem. Self-esteem level was significantly negatively correlated with mental health problems (r = -0.256, p= 0.000).

 Conclusion: Mental health problem is high prevalent among school children. There was statistically significant negative correlation between mental health problems and self-esteem of the schoolchildren.
Electronic excitation of C6H6 by positron impact
Authors: Lino J. L. S.
Published: March 2021

Experiments on electronic excitation of molecules using positron as incident particle have shown much larger cross sections than in the electron scattering case.  The comprehension of these inelastic processes represent a great challenge and only few studies on electronic excitation of molecules are discussed in the literature. For example, for the C6H6 molecule experimental and theoretical calculations are not in a very advanced state same for electron scattering case (Benzene represent a simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and very important chemical compound due to its role as a key precursor in process pharmaceutical). Recent experiments on electronic excitation of C6H6 (1B1u, and 1E1u electronic states) using electron as incident particle are available by Kato et al (J.Chem.Phys.134 134308(2011)). Motivated by their experiments we have taken up the task to investigate the same electronic excitation of C6H6 using positron as incident particle.  For the first time, integral cross sections in e+ - C6H6 (1B1u, and 1E1u electronic states) using the scaling Born positron (SBP) approach are reported and in the absence of the experimental data and developments theoretical, comparisons are made with analogous electron scattering.Keywords: Born, positron, scaling
Quantum mechanics of particles trapped in a Lamé circle or Lamé sphere shaped potential well
Authors: Isojärvi T.
Published: March 2021

Ground state and 1st excited state energies and wave functions were calculated for systems of one or two electrons in a 2D and 3D potential well having a shape intermediate between a circle and a square or a sphere and a cube. One way to define such a potential well is with a step potential and a bounding surface of form $|x|^q+|y|^q+|z|^q = |r|^q$, which converts from a sphere to a cube when $q$ increases from $2$ to infinity. This kind of geometrical object is called a Lam\'{e} surface. The calculations were done either with implicit finite difference time stepping in the direction of negative imaginary time axis or with quantum diffusion Monte Carlo. The results demonstrate how the volume and depth of the potential well affect the $E_0$ more than the shape parameter $q$ does. Functions of two and three parameters were found to be sufficient for fitting an empirical graph to the ground state energy data points as a function of well depth $V_0$ or exponent $q$. The ground state and first excited state energy of one particle in a potential well of this type appeared to be very closely approximated with an exponential function depending on $q$, when the well depth and area or volume was kept constant while changing the value of $q$. The model is potentially useful for describing quantum dots that deviate from simple geometric shapes, or for demonstrating methods of computational quantum mechanics to undergraduate students.
The Bane of Flattery in the World of Chaucer and Langland
Authors: Wurtele Douglas
Published: March 2021

In our relativistic age the practice of flattery is not seen as a dangerous societal malaise, let alone as a mortal sin in flatterers and an inducement to sin in their victims. This tolerant view did not prevail in the medieval world. Constant attacks on the social and personal harm wrought by flatterers are made by patristic and scholastic authorities from Augustine's day to that of a near-contemporary of Chaucer and Langland, John Bromyard, whose tone grows especially vehement in his lengthy capitula on Adulatio in the Summa Praedicantium. Nor did this universal condemnation die out with the advent of Renaissance humanism. In The Praise of Folly Erasmus satirises the practice of flattery, saying it reigned in chief at the courts of princes, a charge echoed by his friend Thomas More in Utopia. Even before their era, voices were raised against the malaise, notably by Cicero in De Amicitia. He quotes Terence as saying "Flattery produces friends; the truth breeds hatred" and then adds:
But Should We Innovate?
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: March 2021

Four years ago Marc Renaud, the ebullient president of SSHRC, appealed to Canadian scholars in the humanities and social sciences to change our ways. Deploring the “death of a thousand journal articles,” most of them attracting at best a handful of readers, he called upon us to “go public or perish.” By “going public” he meant two things: seeking commercial partners and publishing our research electronically. Unless we did so, we were doomed to social irrelevancy and ever-decreasing public support. This year his message is more radical. In his most recent address, “The Human Sciences: The Challenge of Innovation” (available on the Federation website) he urges us to adopt strategies “to survive and succeed in this fast-forward age”: collaborating, especially with our colleagues in the natural and bio-medical sciences, focusing on contemporary problems, and making greater use of leading-edge technologies...in a word, innovating. Those who find Renaud’s analysis persuasive might ask how well Canadian medievalists are meeting this challenge. Those who do not might object that the challenge was never an appropriate one for us in the first place.