bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer-associated Cachexia, Reactive Oxygen Species and Nutrition Therapy
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Dadar Maryam , Aaseth Jan , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Pen Joeri J.
Published: June 2018

Cancer-related Cachexia (CAC) is a syndrome occurring in many cancer patients,
with a detrimental effect on their survival. Recent reports have outlined that the syndrome
may be partly explained by the deleterious and pro-inflammatory action of Reactive Oxygen
Species (ROS). This review focuses on nutrients that theoretically could counteract the oxidative
stress in tumor cells, fundamentally due to their antioxidant activity. The preclinical and
clinical results obtained with the nutritional elements selenium, melatonin, taurine, carnosine,
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) are discussed
in the light of the pathophysiology of CAC. This should indicate that they are viable candidates
for the treatment of CAC, with the ultimate goal to promote patient survival.
Combination therapy with diet modification added to the novel pharmaceutical agent ghrelin,
a hormone with anti-inflammatory properties, represents a promising concept.
Challenges and Opportunities from Basic Cancer Biology for Nanomedicine for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Zhang Yingying , Li Fengqiao , Lv Tingting , Li Ziying , Chen Haijun , Jia Lee , Gao Yu
Published: June 2018

Background:

Effective cancer therapy is still a great challenge for modern medical research due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and the limitations commonly associated with currently used cancer therapeutic options. Nanotechnology has been implemented in cancer therapeutics with immense potential for improving cancer treatment.

Objective:

Through information about the recent advances regarding cancer hallmarks, we could comprehensively understand the pharmacological effects and explore the mechanisms of the interaction between the nanomaterials, which could provide opportunities to develop mechanism-based nanomedicine to treat human cancers.

Methods:

We collected related information and data from articles.

Results:

In this review, we discussed the characteristics of cancer including tumor angiogenesis, abnormalities in tumor blood vessels, uncontrolled cell proliferation markers, multidrug resistance, tumor metastasis, cancer cell metabolism, and tumor immune system that provide opportunities and challenges for nanomedicine to be directed to specific cancer cells and portray the progress that has been accomplished in application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment.

Conclusion:

The information presented in this review can provide useful references for further studies on developing effective nanomedicine for the treatment of cancer.
Estrogen and Serotonin: Complexity of Interactions and Implications for Epileptic Seizures and Epileptogenesis
Authors: Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Javed Md. Noushad , Barkat Md. Abul , Alam Md. Sabir , Nowshehri Javaid Ashraf , Alshayban Dhafer Mahdi , Ansari Mohammad Azam
Published: June 2018

A burgeoning literature documents the confluence of ovarian steroids and central serotonergic
systems in the injunction of epileptic seizures and epileptogenesis. Estrogen administration
in animals reduces neuronal death from seizures by up-regulation of the prosurvival molecule i.e.
Bcl-2, anti-oxidant potential and protection of NPY interneurons. Serotonin modulates epileptiform
activity in either direction i.e administration of 5-HT agonists or reuptake inhibitors leads to the
activation of 5-HT3 and 5-HT1A receptors tending to impede focal and generalized seizures, while
depletion of brain 5-HT along with the destruction of serotonergic terminals leads to expanded neuronal
excitability hence abatement of seizure threshold in experimental animal models. Serotonergic
neurotransmission is influenced by the organizational activity of steroid hormones in the growing
brain and the actuation effects of steroids which come in adulthood. It is further established that
ovarian steroids bring induction of dendritic spine proliferation on serotonin neurons thus thawing a
profound effect on serotonergic transmission. This review features 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors as
potential targets for ameliorating seizure-induced neurodegeneration and recurrent hypersynchronous
neuronal activity. Indeed 5-HT3 receptors mediate cross-talk between estrogenic and serotonergic
pathways, and could be well exploited for combinatorial drug therapy against epileptogenesis.
Role of Estradiol in the Expression of Genes Involved in Serotonin Neurotransmission: Implications for Female Depression
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Olivia Tania , Martínez-Mota Lucía , Herrera-Pérez José Jaime , Jiménez-Rubio Graciela
Published: June 2018

Background:

In women, changes in estrogen levels may increase the incidence and/or symptomatology of depression and affect the response to antidepressant treatments. Estrogen therapy in females may provide some mood benefits as a single treatment or might augment clinical response to antidepressants that inhibit serotonin reuptake.

Objective:

We analyzed the mechanisms of estradiol action involved in the regulation of gene expression that modulates serotonin neurotransmission implicated in depression.

Method:

Publications were identified by a literature search on PubMed.

Results:

The participation of estradiol in depression may include regulation of the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2, monoamine oxidase A and B, serotonin transporter and serotonin-1A receptor. This effect is mediated by estradiol binding to intracellular estrogen receptor that interacts with estrogen response elements in the promoter sequences of tryptophan hydroxylase-2, serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase-B. In addition to directly binding deoxyribonucleic acid, estrogen receptor can tether to other transcription factors, including activator protein 1, specificity protein 1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β and nuclear factor kappa B to regulate gene promoters that lack estrogen response elements, such as monoamine oxidase-A and serotonin 1A receptor.

Conclusion:

Estradiol increases tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and serotonin transporter expression and decreases the expression of serotonin 1A receptor and monoamine oxidase A and B through the interaction with its intracellular receptors. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of estradiol regulation on the protein expression that modulates serotonin neurotransmission will be helpful for the development of new and more effective treatment for women with depression.
Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study
Authors: Nazarinia Mohammadali , Zare Asghar , Fallahi Mohammad javad , Shams Mesbah
Published: June 2018

Background:

Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.

Objective:

To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis.  Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.

Results:

Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).

Conclusion:

In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.
Lead Molecule Prediction and Characterization for Designing MERS-CoV 3C-like Protease Inhibitors: An In silico Approach
Authors: Rahman Md. Mostafijur , Hosen Md. Bayejid , Howlader M. Zakir Hossain , Kabir Yearul
Published: June 2018

Background:

3C-like protease also called the main protease is an essential enzyme for the
completion of the life cycle of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. In our study we predicted
compounds which are capable of inhibiting 3C-like protease, and thus inhibit the lifecycle of
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus using in silico methods.

Methods: Lead like compounds and drug molecules which are capable of inhibiting 3C-like protease
was identified by structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening method. Further,
the compounds were validated through absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion filtering.

Results:

Based on binding energy, ADME properties, and toxicology analysis, we finally selected 3
compounds from structure-based virtual screening (ZINC ID: 75121653, 41131653, and 67266079)
having binding energy -7.12, -7.1 and -7.08 Kcal/mol, respectively and 5 compounds from ligandbased
virtual screening (ZINC ID: 05576502, 47654332, 04829153, 86434515 and 25626324) having
binding energy -49.8, -54.9, -65.6, -61.1 and -66.7 Kcal/mol respectively. All these compounds have
good ADME profile and reduced toxicity. Among eight compounds, one is soluble in water and remaining
7 compounds are highly soluble in water. All compounds have bioavailability 0.55 on the
scale of 0 to 1. Among the 5 compounds from structure-based virtual screening, 2 compounds showed
leadlikeness. All the compounds showed no inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, no blood-brain
barrier permeability and no toxic structure in medicinal chemistry profile. All the compounds are not a
substrate of P-glycoprotein.

Our predicted compounds may be capable of inhibiting 3C-like protease but need some
further validation in wet lab.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of (R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2 Oxazolidinone Based Azetidinones
Authors: Baruah Shyamal , Puzari Amrit , Sultana Farhana , Barman Jayanta
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

A series of (R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2 oxazolidinone based azetidinones (4a-i) were
synthesized from the reaction of (2-Oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid with aromatic imines (3a-i)
in the presence of Thionyl chloride and Triethylamine as a base.

Methods:

The transformation proceeds through the formation of acid chloride to ketene which finally
forms the azetidinones through [2+2] cycloaddition with aromatic imines. Products obtained were
screened to evaluate their antibacterial activity with respect to known bacteria like Escherichia Coli (E.
Coli) and Bacillus subtilis.

Results and Conclusion:

In most of the cases, azetidinones were found to exhibit superior antimicrobial
properties than oxazolidinones. They were found to be a good inhibitor of gram-positive and gramnegative
bacteria. Enhancement of antibacterial property can be attributed to the presence of azetidinone
ring and hydrophobic alkyl side chain in the scaffolds.
Excessive Pricing by SMEs: A Comparative Approach of Legislators’ Behaviour and Sellers’ Behaviour
Authors: Abdullah Nuraisyah Chua , Rosnan Herwina
Published: June 2018

SMEs contributes 98% job opportunities in Asian businesses. However, SMEs' lack of legal knowledge on how to do business, including the issue of pricing, led to its slow growth. The legislators' behaviour of intervention or non-intervention against excessive pricing across the world reveals a spectrum of enforcement policies ranging from a clear non-interventionist approach to a moderate attitude towards the practice of the SME sellers. This paper discusses the legal aspects of excessive pricing in Malaysia where an anti-profiteering rule is provided in comparison with selected countries. Proper understanding would enable the SMEs to remain internationally competitive in the industry.eISSN: 2398-4287© 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1388
Potential for Livening Urban Areas in Developing Countries through Carfree Streets: Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Njeru Anthony Murithi , Isami Kinoshita
Published: June 2018

It has been established that carfree streets in Central Business Districts (CBDs) are linked to more livable urban environments, but most studies on this topic have concentrated on developed countries. Based on data from 399 questionnaires and interviews with 6 key stakeholders, this study presents perceived safety, comfort, and connectivity of users across three street types: a typical car street, a one-way street, and a carfree street in Nairobi Kenya. Further, this study discusses the relationship between approaches of key decision makers such as the City Government and business owners against the priorities of day-to-day pedestrians.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1400
Primary Care Patient Records in the United Kingdom: Past, Present, and Future Research Priorities (Preprint)
Authors: McMillan Brian , Eastham Robert , Brown Benjamin , Fitton Richard , Dickinson David
Published: June 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

This paper briefly outlines the history of the medical record and the factors contributing to the adoption of computerized records in primary care in the United Kingdom. It discusses how both paper-based and electronic health records have traditionally been used in the past and goes on to examine how enabling patients to access their own primary care record online is changing the form and function of the patient record. In addition, it looks at the evidence for the benefits of Web-based access and discusses some of the challenges faced in this transition. Finally, some suggestions are made regarding the future of the patient record and research questions that need to be addressed to help deepen our understanding of how they can be used more beneficially by both patients and clinicians.
Identification of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients With Cancer: Comparison Between Short and Long Web-Based Questionnaires (Preprint)
Authors: Mattsson Susanne , Olsson Erik Martin Gustaf , Carlsson Maria , Johansson Birgitta Beda Kristina
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Physicians and nurses in cancer care easily fail to detect symptoms of psychological distress because of barriers such as lack of time, training on screening methods, and knowledge about how to diagnose anxiety and depression. National guidelines in several countries recommend routine screening for emotional distress in patients with cancer, but in many clinics, this is not implemented. By inventing screening methods that are time-efficient, such as digitalized and automatized screenings with short instruments, we can alleviate the burden on patients and staff.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare Web-based versions of the ultrashort electronic Visual Analogue Scale (eVAS) anxiety and eVAS depression and the short Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with Web-based versions of the longer Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self-report (MADRS-S) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory- State (STAI-S) with regard to their ability to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer.

METHODS

Data were obtained from a consecutive sample of patients with newly diagnosed (<6 months) breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer or with recurrence of colorectal cancer (N=558). The patients were recruited at 4 hospitals in Sweden between April 2013 and September 2015, as part of an intervention study administered via the internet. All questionnaires were completed on the Web at the baseline assessment in the intervention study.

RESULTS

The ultrashort and short Web-based-delivered eVAS anxiety, eVAS depression and HADS were found to have an excellent ability to discriminate between persons with and without clinical levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with recommended cutoffs of the longer instruments MADRS-S and STAI-S (area under the curve: 0.88-0.94). Cutoffs of >6 on HADS anxiety and >7 hundredths (hs) on eVAS anxiety identified patients with anxiety symptoms with high accuracy. For HADS depression, at a cutoff of >5 and eVAS depression at a cutoff of >7 hs, the accuracy was very high likewise.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of the short and ultrashort tools, eVAS and HADS, may be a suitable initial method of Web-based screening in busy clinical settings. However, there are still a proportion of patients who lack access to the internet or the ability to use it. There is a need to find solutions for this group to find all the patients with psychological distress.
What Affects the Completion of Ecological Momentary Assessments in Chronic Pain Research? An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ono Masakatsu , Schneider Stefan , Junghaenel Doerte U , Stone Arthur A
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated sampling of people’s current experiences in real time in their natural environments, which offers a granular perspective on patients’ experience of pain and other symptoms. However, EMA can be burdensome to patients, and its benefits depend upon patients’ engagement in the assessments.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to investigate factors affecting EMA-completion rates among patients with chronic pain.

METHODS

This individual patient data meta-analysis was based on 12 EMA datasets that examined patients with chronic noncancer-related pain (n=701). The EMA-completion rates were calculated on a daily basis for each patient. Multilevel models were used to test the following predictors of completion rates at different levels: within-patient factors (days into the study and daily pain level), between-patient factors (age, sex, pain diagnosis, and average pain level per person), and between-study EMA design factors (study duration, sampling density, and survey length).

RESULTS

Across datasets, an EMA-completion rate of 85% was observed. The strongest results were found for the between-patient factor age: Younger respondents reported lower completion rates than older respondents (P=.002). One within-patient factor, study day, was associated with completion rates (P<.001): over the course of the studies, the completion rates declined. The two abovementioned factors interacted with each other (P=.02) in that younger participants showed a more rapid decline in EMA completion over time. In addition, none of the other hypothesized factors including gender, chronic pain diagnoses, pain intensity levels, or measures of study burden showed any significant effects.

CONCLUSION

Many factors thought to influence the EMA-completion rates in chronic pain studies were not confirmed. However, future EMA research in chronic pain should note that study length and young age can impact the quality of the momentary data and devise strategies to maximize completion rates across different age groups and study days.
Prescription and Integration of Accredited Mobile Apps in Catalan Health and Social Care: Protocol for the AppSalut Site Design (Preprint)
Authors: López Seguí Francesc , Pratdepàdua Bufill Carme , Rius Soler Ariadna , de San Pedro Marc , López Truño Bernat , Aguiló Laine Agnès , Martínez Roldán Jordi , García Cuyàs Francesc
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The use of new mobile technologies in the health and social welfare sectors is already a reality. The ICT Social Health Foundation, in accordance with the technology strategy of the Catalan government’s Ministry of Health and its Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Families, is leading an initiative to create a public library of apps for its AppSalut Site.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to present an account of the design of the project, with a global perspective, applied to the Catalan ecosystem, which can be divided into 3 areas: the framework governing the recommendation and prescription of apps, the subset of interoperability for mobile environments, and the data storage infrastructure.

METHODS

The security and credibility of the apps included in the catalog is ensured by submitting them to an accreditation process in the public domain that provides users with the guarantee that they are fit for purpose and trustworthy for the management and care of their health, while providing health care professionals with the possibility of recommending the apps in the doctor’s surgery, as well as adding the information generated by the users’ mobile devices to the information systems of the various organizations concerned.

RESULTS

An examination of the abovementioned areas suggests possibilities for improvements in the future. The experience obtained from the development of this element has shown the heterogeneity of the vocabularies used, as expected, due to the lack of awareness on the part of the developers regarding the need to standardize the information generated by the app, requiring the foundation to take on the role of consultant.

CONCLUSIONS

The project has evolved in keeping with changes in the technological and social paradigm and responds very satisfactorily to the needs posed to it. It can be seen as a landmark experience in mobile strategies in the fields of health and welfare of any public health system. The experience has shown itself to be feasible in organizational terms, necessary in any attempt to integrate mobile technologies into public health practice, and a global pioneer in the field.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR1-10.2196/11414
Uso del modelo Gail para identificar mujeres con alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama
Authors: García González Elizabeth Zurisadai , Alcalá Molina Jorge Alejandro , Mendo Reygadas Alyne
Published: June 2018

Objetivos: identificar mujeres con alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama (CaMa) con base en el modelo Gail. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico en 154 mujeres de 35 a 64 años, que acudieron a consulta externa de medicina familiar de marzo a noviembre de 2016. Se les interrogó sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y estos se analizaron en la calculadora electrónica Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (Herramienta para evaluar el riesgo de cáncer de mama), basada en el modelo Gail. Un puntaje mayor o igual a 1.66 representa alto riesgo de desarrollar CaMa en los cinco años siguientes. Resultados: se identificaron 24 pacientes (16%) con alto riesgo de desarrollar CaMa. Las mujeres que refirieron familiares de primer grado con CaMa presentaron puntajes elevados. A las mujeres identificadas se les derivó con su médico familiar y gracias al seguimiento se diagnosticó a una paciente con CaMa, actualmente en tratamiento. Conclusiones: la proporción de mujeres con alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama en los cinco años siguientes, medido por el modelo Gail, fue elevada. Se propone incorporar el instrumento en el primer nivel de atención, ya que el tiempo de ejecución es breve y permite la identificación y derivación oportuna de mujeres con alta sospecha de padecer esta enfermedad para la realización de pruebas confirmatorias.
Prurigo por insecto y alergia a la picadura del mosquito: estudio de caso
Authors: Mendiola Pastrana Indira Rocío
Published: June 2018

El prurigo por insecto es una reacción de hipersensibilidad a antígenos en la saliva de los insectos, principalmente de los mosquitos; puede producir reacciones severas y exageradas, en algunos casos anafilaxia. Caso Clínico: paciente masculino de dos años de edad con cuadro agudo de urticaria papulosa severa, con presencia de vesículas dolorosas en sitio de picadura de mosquito, fiebre y aumento de volumen en ganglios. Se integró el diagnóstico de prurigo por insecto con reacción alérgica severa a la picadura de mosquito. Conclusión: la alergia a la picadura de mosquito como parte del cuadro de prurigo por insecto es poco conocida, es necesario profundizar más en dicha patología común en zonas endémicas.
El mito del bilingüismo y la colonización lingüística en Paraguay
Authors: Makaran Kubis Gaja Joanna
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo desmitificar las narrativas nacionales acerca de la cuestión lingüística en Paraguay y descubrir las relaciones injustas de poder y dominación que estas esconden. La autora analiza el presunto bilingüismo paraguayo como un fenómeno sociocultural más que lingüístico e indica que es un mito y una creación discursiva nacionalista destinado a legitimar la colonización lingüística. Tras presentar la genealogía, las funciones y los objetivos del mito, se procede a su sucesiva desmitificación, tanto desde la perspectiva histórica, como también a partir de las actuales políticas lingüísticas en el país. 
Breve historia de la transición y el olvido. Una lectura de la democratización en América Latina
Authors: Lima Rocha Orlando
Published: June 2018

Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
El gran desafío de los indígenas en los países andinos: sus derechos sobre recursos naturales
Authors: Albó Xavier
Published: June 2018

No hablaré en abstracto sobre este futuro. Analizaré más bien en cierto detalle algunos procesos actuales, con un estilo más narrativo que teórico, para prever temas que seguirán candentes en el futuro próximo. Me fijaré sobre todo en dos asuntos para mí centrales y muy entrelazados: la relación de los pueblos indígenas con el manejo de ciertos recursos naturales estratégicos en sus territorios y, para ello, también su derecho, reconocido en recientes documentos internacionales, a ser consultados de buena fe, de manera previa, libre e informada. Este trabajo tiene algo de puente y trampolín hacia el futuro desde otro libro reciente sobre los movimientos y poder indígena en Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú (Albó 2008/2009). Al final se enumeran telegráficamente otros cuatro temas también muy relevantes en el futuro cercano. 
Coutinho y la vía prusiana a la modernización
Authors: Infranca Antonino
Published: June 2018

El trabajo ofrece una propuesta de lectura sobre la obra del marxista brasileño Carlos Nelson Coutinho, en él se explora cómo en su temprana producción teórica adopta las ideas de Georg Lukács sobre la vía prusiana a la modernización pero, con el paso del tiempo, después de su exilio forzado por la dictadura brasileña, al plantearse la pregunta por la democratización su interés de reflexión sufrirá un viraje hacia las formulaciones teóricas de Gramsci. Una de las sugerencias de este trabajo es detectar la relación que se presenta entre la cultura nacional, la música y las propuestas de modernización.
Vigencia de Agustín Cueva en la era de la contrarrevolución neoliberal
Authors: Harispuru López Ricardo
Published: June 2018

El artículo revisa la respuesta de Agustín Cueva en torno a la cruzada conservadora desarrollada desde los años ochenta. A los ojos del ecuatoriano, esta cruzada constituye una de las tantas fuerzas integradas a lo que él llamó la contrarrevolución política, militar, económica, ideológica, cultural y ética del imperialismo. La aportación de Agustín Cueva resulta necesaria para comprender el ascenso neoliberal en América Latina, así como su embestida contra la visión y las herencias revolucionarias.
Perspectivas teóricas para el estudio de los movimientos sociopolíticos en América Latina: ¿cambio de época o década perdida?
Authors: Modonesi Massimo , Iglesias Mónica
Published: June 2018

Durante aproximadamente una década, que abarca el último lustro del siglo XX y el primero del XXI, América Latina vivió un ciclo de movilización sociopolítica de extraordinario vigor, a la luz del cual se produjo una notable efervescencia teórica y conceptual en el campo de los estudios de los movimientos sociopolíticos, la acción colectiva y los procesos de subjetivación política. En este artículo sostenemos que, pese a que es posible reconocer ejercicios sugerentes de problematización teórica, no se ha configurado aún un paradigma alternativo para la comprensión de los procesos de movilización sociopolítica que pudiera desplazar, en los análisis académicos y en el campo intelectual, a las teorías y enfoques predominantes, de origen europeo y norteamericano. Para explicar la relativa inconsistencia, débil articulación e insuficiente proyección de esos esfuerzos teóricos ensayamos algunas hipótesis que se relacionan con factores históricos y estructurales de la configuración de las ciencias sociales en la región, y con actitudes y posturas epistemológicas y políticas de los académicos críticos latinoamericanos que traslucen una nueva conceptualización sobre los movimientos sociales y la construcción del conocimiento.
Ernesto Guevara y sus Diarios de motocicleta. El viaje narrativo del Fúser hacia el Che
Authors: Arreola José
Published: June 2018

Al cumplir veinticuatro años de edad, Ernesto Guevara de la Serna emprende un viaje por diferentes países de América Latina. Acompañado de Alberto Granado, su recorrido queda plasmado en unas notas de viaje que luego serán conocidas como Diarios de motocicleta. La figura de Guevara ha sido abordada desde varios puntos de vista, especialmente el que se refiere a su legado político, si bien el viaje de 1952 resulta, ciertamente, fundamental en la transformación de su mirada sobre la realidad que le rodea es asimismo muestra inaugural de un estilo de escritura. Diarios de motocicleta es el primer ejemplo de un estilo literario de retratar lo que sus ojos vieron. El viaje de Guevara, transforma su visión del mundo y como muestra de ello quedan los Diarios de motocicleta que, con chispazos de humor, certeras descripciones y un tono relajado y poético, dan fe de un trabajo literario. La vena literaria del Che es quizá la menos estudiada, de ahí la importancia de reparar en Diarios de motocicleta.
Pedagogía decolonial en la universidad del Siglo XXI
Authors: Torres Guevara Rosario
Published: June 2018

Debemos avanzar una pedagogía decolonial en la universidad, porque la universidad sigue siendo, neciamente, un sitio de prácticas educacionales coloniales. Los jóvenes tienen un potencial tremendo como actores decoloniales y debemos motivarlos, formalmente, a pensar críticamente sobre el mundo y sus posiciones en él. Esta aproximación es indudablemente política donde la meta final es la autonomía y la responsabilidad –sin excluir la acción transformadora y liberadora a la que esto conlleva. En este trabajo, se explora la posibilidad de implementar una pedagogía decolonial a través de proyectos educacionales en el aula de la universidad y se evalúa el concepto de ciudadanía participativa en términos de la concientización freireana.
Un procedimiento pedagógico para maestrantes que investigan los movimientos sociales y las instituciones en el Programa de Posgrado en Estudios Latinoamericanos
Authors: Eguiluz de Antuñano Alicia E.
Published: June 2018

Mi objetivo principal en este artículo es exponer cómo en el salón de clases, se revalorizan las experiencias instrumentales que cada maestrante posee y orientan hacia la estructuración de un plan de análisis conceptual básico. Se emplea, al inicio del proceso, el diálogo cara-a-cara en el que cada tesista va integrando un todo coherente con categorías y conceptos adecuados al objetivo de la investigación. Se plantea la hipótesis de que cuanto mejor comprenda cada individuo la potencia de cada instrumento, mayor será la eficacia en el uso del recurso tiempo y más pronta será la titulación.
Marxismo y nación: Mariátegui en el exilio latinoamericano en México
Authors: Giller Diego Martín
Published: June 2018

A cincuenta años de la muerte de José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) un sector de la intelectualidad latinoamericana de izquierdas que se encontraba exiliada en México emprendió nuevas lecturas sobre su obra. Los nombres de los argentinos José Aricó (1931-1991) y Oscar Terán (1938-2008) y del boliviano René Zavaleta Mercado (1937-1984) se anudan en esa comunidad de lectura que se forjó en revistas de intervención política, jornadas de discusión académica y producción de libros. Se trata de tres destacados intelectuales que partieron de una perspectiva que privilegió un análisis del problema de la nación en clave socialista. En este trabajo se analizan sus contribuciones a ese campo.
Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz, un artista de la política boliviana
Authors: Rodas Morales Hugo
Published: June 2018

Este ensayo problematiza la dialéctica histórica éxito/fracaso, alrededor de la figura del líder socialista boliviano Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz y su comprensión marxista no libresca de la realidad boliviana; esto es, que en vez de una filosofía sistemática y abstracta, la comprensión de la realidad es posible a partir de una crítica sobre “la vida misma”. Se lo hace en torno a dos dimensiones metafóricas llevadas a sus límites: 1) la de una imagen parlamentaria “inflada” de la democracia, que pretende oscurecer en la conciencia ciudadana la dimensión contradictoria de lo social, y 2) la de la posición nietzscheana voluntarista que se ve superada por la aceptación de la vida en toda su complejidad
La acción liberadora de la educación en la pedagogía de Paulo Freire
Authors: Guzmán Toro Fernando
Published: June 2018

Paulo Freire es partidario de una educación que permita experimentar el debate, el análisis de los problemas y la posibilidad de una verdadera participación; un aspecto fundamental que señala Freire con respecto a la educación, es que debe significar un cambio de actitud, que implique la sustitución de hábitos antiguos. La acción liberadora de la educación se vincularía con la ruptura de esa dependencia por parte del oprimido y su transformación en independencia, que le permitiría asumir su liberación como un derecho, pero también como un deber, debido a que no es una donación hecha por el liderazgo, sino el resultado de la adquisición de una conciencia crítica
Los buenos vivires. Una aproximación a las corrientes teóricas del buen vivir
Authors: Nudelman Cruz Emilio
Published: June 2018

No hace muchos años que en diversos espacios académicos, gubernamentales, y al interior de distintos movimientos sociales, se han posicionado debates entre dos conceptos que a primera vista parecieran contrarios y excluyentes: desarrollo y buen vivir. Tras los efectos devastadores del desarrollo económico capitalista en los últimos siglos, pero específicamente en las últimas cuatro décadas, el concepto desarrollo es fuertemente cuestionado, y en muchos casos se contrapone a éste el concepto buen vivir, el cual adquirió notoriedad internacional tras convertirse en principios constitucionales de Ecuador y Bolivia, con base en formas de vida propias de los pueblos originarios andinos y amazónicos: sumak kawsay y suma qamańa, principalmente. Sin embargo, éstas no son las únicas expresiones del buen vivir. De hecho, no existe un buen vivir sino distintas formas de vivir bien, o muchos buenos vivires. Los debates académicos al respecto son por demás necesarios y fructíferos, pues demuestran que la dialéctica es la expresión primera de la vida, y porque aportan a la construcción de conocimientos plurales.
Detection of rabies virus in organs unrelated to the central nervous system of experimentally-inoculated vampire bats
Authors: Méndez-Ojeda María Luisa , Rojas-Anaya Edith , Morales-Álvarez Jose Francisco , Tapia-Pérez Graciela , Suzán Gerardo , Gaona Pineda Osiris , Medellín-Legorreta Rodrigo A. , Rupprecht Charles E , Loza-Rubio Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research was to detect rabies virus in peripheral tissues in captive vampires. Vampire bats were inoculated with 106 MICLD50 of homologous rabies virus. Bats displayed clinical signs of rabies beginning on d 8 until the 19th d post-inoculation (pi). Rabies virus antigens were found in the brain of all rabid bats. Viral RNA was detected in brain, salivary gland and tongue tissue by RT-PCR and nested PCR (nPCR). Viral genome was also detected in organs unrelated to the central nervous system. Rabies virus was not detected in saliva nor documented from any tissues without occurrence of viral antigens in the brain. Host humoral response was most pronounced via the induction of viral neutralizing antibodies (VNA) from d 8 to 20 pi, having a peak at d 14 with 0.9 IU. Antibody levels were variable, but tended to remain high after inoculation, showing significant differences to the negative control group (P=0.001). This research is one of the few recent studies focused upon Desmodus rotundus and contributes to the basic knowledge of rabies virus pathogenesis, which is required for an understanding of perpetuation in a major viral reservoir in Latin America.
Retención de membranas fetales y patologías uterinas en vacas lecheras tratadas con PGF2α después del parto
Authors: Valdés Pérez Luis Ángel , Hernández Cerón Joel , Luzbel de la Sota Rodolfo , Aréchiga Flores Carlos Fernando , Salgado Hernández Eligio Gabriel , Romero Arredondo Antonio
Published: June 2018

Se probó si la administración de dos inyecciones de PGF2α en las primeras 48 h posparto disminuye la incidencia de retención de las membranas fetales (RMF) y de patologías uterinas en vacas lecheras. Se utilizaron 800 vacas de diferente número de partos, las cuales se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos tratamientos; PGF2α (n= 400) recibieron una inyección de PGF2α (500 μg de cloprostenol sódico) en las primeras 12 h posparto y una segunda inyección 48 h después; testigo (n= 400) no recibió PGF2α. Se registró la incidencia de RMF (vacas que no eliminaron la placenta de las siguientes 24 h posparto) y de patologías uterinas (metritis y endometritis), tasa de gestación en el primer servicio y porcentaje de vacas gestantes en el día 150 posparto. Las vacas testigo tuvieron mayor probabilidad de RMF (Odds ratio 1.69; P= 0.01) que las vacas tratadas con PGF2α. La proporción de vacas con patologías uterinas en el día 28 posparto fue menor (P= 0.01) en las vacas tratadas con PGF2α (29.8 %) que en las testigo (36.7 %). La tasa de gestación en el día 150 posparto fue mayor en las vacas con involución normal que en las vacas con patologías uterinas (Odds ratio 1.4, P=0.03). Se concluye que dos inyecciones de PGF2α en las primeras 48 h posparto (primeras 12 y 48 h posparto) disminuyen la incidencia de RMF y de patologías uterinas en vacas lecheras.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament Berbasis Scramble terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA Kristen GPID Palu
Authors: Mbosisi Sifra Bertin , Mustapa Kasmudin , Ratman Ratman
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model type teams scramble tournament games based scramble on motivation and learning outcomes students SMA Kristen GPID Palu. The population in this study were all students of class X. The research sample was students (n = 25) of class Xa as a control class and students (n= 24) of class Xb as an experiment class. The testing of student’s learning outcomes data was using the statistical analysis t-test of the two parties and the testing of student’s' motivation using the questionnaire data used a descriptive analysis. The average score of student’s learning outcomes of the experiment class (X1) was 52.83 with a standard deviation of 11.97 and the control class (X2) was 48.12 with a standard deviation of 11.37. Based on the statistical analysis of the hypothesis by t-test two parties, it was obtained that –ttable ≤ tcalculation ³ +ttable (tcalculation = 2.09 and ttable = 2.02) with a significance level a = 0.05 and degrees of freedom = 47, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, therefore it can be said that there is a difference in student’s learning outcomes using cooperative learning model type teams tournament games based scramble. The results of the data analysis of student motivation indicated that the percentage value for the experimental class was 83.4% and for the control class was 81.21% and both were on the agrees attitude with the positive category, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the cooperative learning model type teams scramble tournament games based scramble on motivation and learning outcomes of students SMA Kristen GPID Palu.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kolaboratif dengan Teknik Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving pada Materi Hidrokarbon Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Palu
Authors: Durufin Ekanovi Pratiwi A. , Sabang Sri Mulyani , Said Irwan
Published: June 2018

This study was conducted to determine differences of the student’s learning outcomes that was applied by collaborative learning model with technique think aloud pair problem solving (TAPPS) and was applied by lecture method in the hydrocarbon material against the student’s learning outcomes in class X SMAN 6 Palu. The collaborative learning model was think aloud pair problem solving technique on the hydrocarbon material class X SMAN 6 Palu. The type of research was a quasi-experimental with research design pretest posttest control group design. Population in this research was whole students in class X SMAN 6 Palu, academic year 2015-2016 consisting of six classes totaling 115. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling. The samples in this research was an experiment class with 17 students and a control class with 8 students. Data analysis techniques used was non-parametric and statistical method of Mann-Whitney U-test. Research result showed the output Rank for mean score of the experiment class was bigger than the control class 22.41 ˃ 13.83. The output statistics test, Sig. 2-tailed (0.13) 0.05 ˂ and Ucalculation (78) ˂ Utable (93). From the findings of hypothesis testing, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted then it can be concluded that there were significant differences learning outcomes in the student’s with the collaborative learning model technique think aloud pair problem solving (TAPPS) with the lecture method on the hydrocarbon material against the learning outcome of students in class X SMAN 6 Palu.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Kluwih (Artocarpus Communis)
Authors: Arif Mohammad , Rahman Nurdin , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to determine antioxidant activity of artocarpus camansi fruit extracts from Sigi, Central Sulawesi. This study was conducted by maceration extraction technique, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the source of free radicals, and vitamin C as a positive control. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for measuring the absorbance of artocarpus camansi fruit extracts. artocarpus camansi fruit powder was extracted by maceration using ethanol. Various concentrations of artocarpus camansi fruit extracts used were 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L. The results showed that the IC50 value for artocarpus camansi (artocarpus communis) fruit extract was 88.715 mg/L, whereas the IC50 value for vitamin C was 37.153 mg/L. Artocarpus camansi (artocarpus communis) fruit extracts are powerful antioxidants category based on IC50 value. The optimum percentage antioxidant activity of artocarpus camansi fruit extracts to inhibit free radical amounted to by 50.65%
Yutra
Authors: Charlie Dance
Published: June 2018

The history of Yutra
Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation Is Associated With Improved Diabetic Nephropathy and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Zhilian , Li Yan , Overstreet Jessica M. , Chung Sungjin , Niu Aolei , Fan Xiaofeng , Wang Suwan , Wang Yinqiu , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Harris Raymond C.
Published: June 2018

Previous studies by us and others have indicated that renal epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are activated in models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and that inhibition of EGFR activity protects against progressive DN in type 1 diabetes. In this study we examined whether inhibition of EGFR activation would affect the development of DN in a mouse model of accelerated type 2 diabetes (BKS db/db with endothelial nitric oxide knockout [eNOS−/−db/db]). eNOS−/−db/db mice received vehicle or erlotinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, beginning at 8 weeks of age and were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. In addition, genetic models inhibiting EGFR activity (waved 2) and transforming growth factor-α (waved 1) were studied in this model of DN in type 2 diabetes. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, erlotinib-treated animals had less albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, less podocyte loss, and smaller amounts of renal profibrotic and fibrotic components. Erlotinib treatment decreased renal oxidative stress, macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Erlotinib treatment also preserved pancreas function, and these mice had higher blood insulin levels at 20 weeks, decreased basal blood glucose levels, increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased blood levels of adiponectin compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similar to the aforementioned results, both waved 1 and waved 2 diabetic mice also had attenuated DN, preserved pancreas function, and decreased basal blood glucose levels. In this mouse model of accelerated DN, inhibition of EGFR signaling led to increased longevity.
Analysis of Crop Yield Prediction of Kharif & Rabi Jowar Crops Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Mulik Sujata
Published: June 2018

Agriculture sector in India is facing rigorous problem to maximize crop productivity. More than 60 percent of the crop still depends on climatic factors like rainfall, temperature, humidity. This paper discusses the use of various Data Mining applications in agriculture sector. Data Mining is used to solve various problems in agriculture sector. It can be used it to solve yield prediction.  The problem of yield prediction is a major problem that remains to be solved based on available data. Data mining techniques are the better choices for this purpose. Different Data Mining techniques are used and evaluated in agriculture for estimating the future year's crop production. In this paper we have focused on predicting crop yield productivity of kharif & Rabi Crops.