bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évolution du désir d'enfant après l'échec des aides médicales à la procréation
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Bourdet-Loubère Sylvie
Published: June 2013

Le réel que constitue la stérilité n’est pas sans questionner les aménagements défensifs du couple ni sa recherche d’affiliation. Les couples infertiles, dont le parcours AMP ne se solde pas par une grossesse, envisagent parfois l’adoption comme un dernier recours pour devenir parents. Après avoir rappelé les enjeux liés à l’infertilité, nous questionnerons les issues psychiques pour le couple, confronté aux échecs des techniques d’ AMP , et qui envisage alors l’adoption, comme nouvelle modalité de parentalisation. Cet article vise à illustrer à partir de deux situations cliniques (adoption comme choix de vie et ambivalence), le nécessaire travail d’élaboration psychique du roman familial des couples mais aussi ses butées pour effectuer le deuil de la fertilité biologique et accéder à un véritable désir d’enfant via l’adoption. Il permet donc de réfléchir sur le dispositif d’accompagnement de ces couples pour lesquels les techniques d’ AMP se solderont par un échec sans pour autant entraver leur questionnement sur la parentalité.
La figurabilité de l'affect dans un groupe à médiation
Authors: Mitsopoulou-Sonta Aglaïa-Lila , Vivier-Vacheret Claudine
Published: June 2013

Cet article présente les moments d’évolution de Sophie qui participe à un groupe de Photolangage©, à partir de la présentation de quelques vignettes cliniques. Sophie, dont la pensée métaphorique est défaillante, a la possibilité d’accéder davantage à la prise de conscience et à la subjectivation avec l’aide du groupe et de l’objet médiateur. La figurabilité de l’affect peut être traitée par le groupe qui propose un espace où les groupes internes de Sophie peuvent se diffracter, en lui permettant de trouver les mots et de restaurer le fil de son histoire personnelle. L’objet photo crée une aire de jeu où le sujet a la possibilité de faire le lien entre ses images internes et les images externes, entre les sensations et les mots.
Restitution et patrimonialisation de la médecine traditionnelle au musée de Fort Apollonia (Sud-Ouest du Ghana)
Authors: Cristofano Mariaclaudia , Maltese Stefano , Vasconi Elisa
Published: June 2013

À partir de la valorisation de la culture locale mise en place ces dernières années dans la zone Nzema (sud-ouest du Ghana), qui aboutit en 2010 à l'inauguration du Fort Apollonia Museum of Nzema Culture and History, cet article vise à réfléchir au processus de patrimonialisation de la médecine traditionnelle nzema, qui trouve son expression concrète dans une salle du musée consacrée aux connaissances et aux pratiques thérapeutiques locales. La muséalisation du système médical local a été inspirée par une tradition d'études anthropologiques liées aux recherches de la Mission italienne ethnologique au Ghana (MEIG), présente dans la région depuis 1954 et activement engagée dans la construction du musée avec d’autres partenaires institutionnels ghanéens, les organisations non gouvernementales et des représentants des associations des guérisseurs traditionnels nzema. En raison de la longue permanence sur le terrain des anthropologues italiens et du vaste réseau de relations mises en place entre ces chercheurs et les acteurs locaux, le projet ainsi que la réalisation des installations ont été caractérisés par des pratiques dialogiques et collaboratives, ce qui a permis la valorisation de la médecine traditionnelle comme processus de patrimonialisation partagée.
L’enfance immigrée et ses lieux de mémoire
Authors: Pinçonnat Crystel
Published: June 2013

Avec les outils de la littérature comparée, Crystel Pinçonnat s’intéresse au thème de l’enfance, montrant notamment comment les écrivains issus de l’émigration (maghrébine en France, hispanique aux États-Unis) comblent l’absence de greniers de grands-mères à fouiller pour retrouver leurs racines. Elle se penche sur les œuvres d’Ernesto Galarza, Barrio Boy (1971), d’Azouz Begag, Le Gone du Chaâba (1986), de Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Line of the Sun (1989), et d’Hanif Kureishi, The Buddha of Suburbia (1990), et de Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street (1984).
Why does Farmer Boldwood keep so many time-pieces on the mantel-shelf of his dining-room in J. Schlesinger’s film adaptation of T. Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd?
Authors: Naugrette Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2013

The main purpose of this article is to try and overcome the time-worn polarity fidelity/betrayal by which the issue of film adaptation is often plagued. We would like to call viewer-response criticism the taking into account of the spectator's cultural, artistic and hermeneutic horizon of expectancy, which implies that the film adaptation of a literary text should be taken as yet another reading: “Le cinéma est une lecture” (Renaud Dumont). But it may also be argued that literary texts, in turn, contain a wealth of cinematic material, as David Lodge has shown in a ground-breaking article on Hardy. If film adaptation is a reading of its own, cinema may well be written into 19th century literary texts. A good case in point is John Schlesinger’s 1967 adaptation of Thomas Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd (1874). Schlesinger's and Raphael's reshuffling of the textual economy and chronology, their introduction of replays and slow motions, especially during the Market-Place sequence where Farmer Boldwood (Peter Finch) is the key focalizer, is a means of highlighting optical devices and cinematic metaphors to be found in Hardy's text. A key scene is studied at length, that of Boldwood gazing at the Valentine on the mantel-piece of his dining-room, while so many (too many) clocks tick around the place. Schlesinger's reading and interpretation of the verb to strike and other time-related words to be found in Hardy's text thus amplify and distort the letter of the text (in which only one time-piece is mentioned), but also highlight and emphasize significant aspects of the novel, like ocular fascination and Hardy's ambivalent conception of time as striking death into human lives or, on the contrary, extending the freedom of space.
Cinéma(s) d’Égypte et littérature occidentale : un champ à explorer
Authors: Serceau Michel
Published: June 2013

Le cinéma égyptien, très ancien et de très loin le plus important du monde arabe, a produit un nombre important d’adaptations d’œuvres littéraires. Les œuvres de la littérature occidentale ont, qui plus est, précédé celles de la littérature arabe. Reflet de la culture des cinéastes et des scénaristes, mais destinées au public presque exclusivement populaire du cinéma égyptien, et de tous les pays où il s’exportait, ces adaptations ont toutes été des transpositions ; aucune n’a reconstitué le cadre historique des romans. Quelques auteurs, quelques genres (le drame et le mélodrame) et quelques thèmes (la vengeance, la passion amoureuse) ont été privilégiés. On relève entre 2 et 6 adaptations des Misérables, de La Dame aux camélias, d’Anna Karenine, du Comte de Monte-Cristo… Cette focalisation, certainement pas anodine, est une pièce à verser au dossier de la réception de la littérature par le cinéma.
Sources antiques et lectures cinématographiques. Le cas de Gladiator
Authors: Lévêque Laure
Published: June 2013

L’usage que Ridley Scott fait des sources dans Gladiator a été plus que décrié par la critique, qui se gausse des anachronismes, et il n’est jusqu’à ses conseillers mêmes qui ne lui reprochent de ne s’être entouré de spécialistes que pour mieux renoncer à une lecture puriste de l’Histoire. Voilà pour la vulgate, qu’il s’agira ici de dépasser, en montrant, à partir d’un parallèle inattendu avec L’Histoire Auguste, que le fonctionnement du film pourrait s’avérer infiniment plus retors qu’on ne le croit généralement, dans un commun recours aux vertus du storytelling mobilisées contre la servilité factuelle de la vérité historique récusée comme la seule propre. Contre ses faux prestiges, qui fossilisent le passé, Scott joue des pouvoirs de la fiction et du mentir-vrai qu’elle autorise pour lui redonner toute son actualité au point que, loin d’assassiner l’Empire, c’est un empire des signes redivivus qu’il donne, dans toute sa complexité et son ambivalence.
Mage et « faiseur » de mondes : le cas Huidobro
Authors: Dumont Stéphanie
Published: June 2013

Vicente Huidobro, dé-constructeur d’ordres et de langage, est le poète de l’utopie inaugurale par excellence. La production huidobrienne, des œuvres primitives jusqu’au grand Altazor de 1931, s’inscrit dans un acte cohérent et répété de rupture, d’innovation dans les modes d’élaboration du poème. Un parcours parmi les étapes clefs de cette démarche fondatrice nous mène jusqu’à l’aboutissement du double projet de déconstruction/reconstruction qui trouve sa pleine expression au sein même de la figure du « désastre » qu’est le personnage altazorien.
A report on the development and implementation of a preceptorship training programme for registered nurses
Authors: Jeggels June D. , Traut Annelene , Africa Florence
Published: June 2013

Background: Clinical supervision represents an important aspect in the development of nursing students’ clinical skills. At the School of Nursing (SoN) the clinical supervisors employed by the University of the Western Cape (UWC) have limited contact sessions with students in the clinical setting. However, with the increase in student numbers a need was identified to strengthen the support given to nursing students in the service setting. Objective: A preceptorship training programme for nurses was developed in 2009, aimed at improving the clinical teaching expertise of professional nurses. The planning phase, based on a preceptorship model, represents a collaborative undertaking by the higher education institution and the nursing directorate of the Provincial Government Western Cape.Method: A two-week, eight credit, short course was approved by the university structures and presented by staff members of the school. The teaching and learning strategies included interactive lectures, small group activities and preceptor-student encounters in simulated and real service settings. Some of the course outcomes were: applying the principles of clinical teaching and learning within the context of adult education, understanding the preceptor role and managingResults: To date, fifty-four participants have attended the course. Following an internal review of the pilot programme in 2010, relevant adjustments to the programme were made.Conclusion: It is recommended that all the stakeholders be involved in the development and implementation of a contextually relevant preceptorship training programme. It is further recommended that the school embarks on an extensive programme evaluation.
Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System and Iron Overload Syndrome
Authors: da Motta Marcia Vieira , Vieira da Motta Eduardo
Published: June 2013

Severe fatigue is a common complaint among patients. This report presents a clinical case of a woman complaining of fatigue associated with diarrhea and myalgia that were first attributed to emotional stress and depression. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with chronic fatigue and irritable bowel syndrome. The patient followed nutritional and physical exercise programs without any improvement. Other clinical conditions, such as nutritional deficiencies, endocrine dysfunctions, autoimmune diseases and neoplasias, were then assessed. During clinical investigation, serum ferritin and iron levels were abnormally elevated despite normal hemoglobin levels, which pointed to an iron overload syndrome later diagnosed as hemochromatosis. It is possible that the symptoms were triggered by the amenorrhea caused by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system used for contraception.
A Subspace-Projected Approximate Matrix Method for Systems of Linear Equations
Authors: Brandts Jan , da Silva Ricardo R.
Published: June 2013

Given two n × n matrices A and A0 and a sequence of subspaces with dim the k-th subspace-projected approximated matrix Ak is defined as Ak = A + Πk(A0 − A)Πk, where Πk is the orthogonal projection on . Consequently, Akν = Aν and ν*Ak = ν*A for all Thus is a sequence of matrices that gradually changes from A0 into An = A. In principle, the definition of may depend on properties of Ak, which can be exploited to try to force Ak+1 to be closer to A in some specific sense. By choosing A0 as a simple approximation of A, this turns the subspace-approximated matrices into interesting preconditioners for linear algebra problems involving A. In the context of eigenvalue problems, they appeared in this role in Shepard et al. (2001), resulting in their Subspace Projected Approximate Matrix method. In this article, we investigate their use in solving linear systems of equations Ax = b. In particular, we seek conditions under which the solutions xk of the approximate systems Akxk = b are computable at low computational cost, so the efficiency of the corresponding method is competitive with existing methods such as the Conjugate Gradient and the Minimal Residual methods. We also consider how well the sequence (xk)k≥0 approximates x, by performing some illustrative numerical tests.
Life Story Talk: Some Reflections on Narrative in Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Brannen Julia
Published: June 2013

The paper draws on the author's interview experiences and interrogates the conditions in which research interviews generate narratives and storytelling; interviews that do not invite storytelling and interviews where people were asked to give a life story. First, the paper considers the question as to what provokes storytelling. It suggests that people engage with the narrative mode to some extent under the conditions of their own choosing. Second, it examines the processes by which mean making is achieved in storytelling and made sense of by the research analyst. Contrasting two cases of Irish migrants, drawn from a study of fatherhood across three generations in Polish, Irish and white British families, the paper then considers issues of analysis. The argument is made that sociological qualitative research has to engage with narrative analysis and that this involves a close examination not only of what is told and not told but also the forms in which stories are told (the structuring of stories and their linguistic nuances), and the methods by which the interviewee draws in and persuades the listener. Lastly and most importantly, the paper concludes that attention should be made to talk and context in equal measure. It considers the importance of contextualisation of interview data contemporaneously and historically and the methodological strategies through which the researchers create second order narratives in the analysis of their research.
A Health and Social Legacy for East London: Narratives of ‘Problem’ and ‘Solution’ around London 2012
Authors: Thompson Claire , Lewis Daniel , Greenhalgh Trisha , Taylor Stephanie , Cummins Steven
Published: June 2013

Policies and programmes that tackle neighbourhood deprivation have long been a feature of urban policy in the UK and elsewhere. Large-scale urban regeneration and neighbourhood renewal programmes have been deployed as the primary vehicle to improve the health and life chances of residents of deprived neighbourhoods. Often these areas have a long history of efforts at regeneration and redevelopment and, over time, have become labelled as ‘problem areas’ in need of constant intervention. The bid for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games was successful partly due to its promise to deliver a lasting health and social legacy by using the Games as a driver of regeneration in East London. Despite limited evidence for the effectiveness of such an approach, regeneration schemes tied to sporting events have emerged as popular strategies through which cities strive to enhance their urban fabric. Running through the core of the London 2012 bid was a discourse of East London as a ‘problem’ in need of a regeneration ‘solution’ that the Olympics uniquely could deliver. As a result, a wider narrative of East London was generated: as unhealthy; mired in poverty; desperate for jobs; with an inadequate and outdated built environment. The Olympic legacy was thus positioned as a unique once-in-a-lifetime solution ‘accelerating’ regeneration in East London, and delivering substantive change that either might not have happened, or would otherwise have taken decades.

Through documentary analysis of published Government policy documents for the period 2002-2011, we demonstrate how the ‘problem’ of East London was used as political justification for London 2012. We argue that the Olympic legacy was deliberately positioned in neoliberal terms in order to justify substantial economic investment by the UK government and suit the needs of the International Olympic Committee. Finally, whilst acknowledging that regeneration may indeed result, we also speculate on the potential legacy and possible challenges for the people in East London left by this neoliberal and entrepreneurial strategy.
‘Bring on the Dancing Horses!’: Ambivalence and Class Obsession within British Media Reports of the Dressage at London 2012
Authors: Fletcher Thomas , Dashper Katherine
Published: June 2013

Due to historical relationships with the military, royalty, landed gentry and upper-class society, equestrian sport faces regular accusations of being elitist and exclusionary. Through qualitative textual analysis of British press reporting of dressage events at the London 2012 Olympic Games we argue that despite British dominance of the sport, these historical associations with the upper classes, privilege and elitism were foregrounded in many media reports; trivialising and at times mocking dressage. We identify three key themes related to the ways in which media reports framed dressage and its participants in heavily class-laden terms. Faced with their ignorance of the sport, the majority of articles analysed resorted to class-based stereotypes that trivialised, satirised and devalued this seemingly elitist and incomprehensible sport. The success of Team GB in dressage meant that media reports were never wholly critical and elements of the hysteria and pride surrounding the Games led to a highly ambivalent response to dressage that reflects the ‘vague, confused, contradictory [and] ignorant’ ( Cannadine 1998 : x) attitudes to social class that characterise British society at the current time.
OH and HO2 radical chemistry during PROPHET 2008 and CABINEX 2009 – Part 1: Measurements and model comparison
Authors: Griffith S. M. , Hansen R. F. , Dusanter S. , Stevens P. S. , Alaghmand M. , Bertman S. B. , Carroll M. A. , Erickson M. , Galloway M. , Grossberg N. , Hottle J. , Hou J. , Jobson B. T. , Kammrath A. , Keutsch F. N. , Lefer B. L. , Mielke L. H. , O'Brien A. , Shepson P. B. , Thurlow M. , Wallace W. , Zhang N. , Zhou X. L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are key species driving the oxidation of volatile organic compounds that can lead to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Previous measurements of these radicals in forest environments with high isoprene, low NOx conditions have shown serious discrepancies with modeled concentrations, bringing into question the current understanding of isoprene oxidation chemistry in these environments. During the summers of 2008 and 2009, OH and peroxy radical concentrations were measured using a laser-induced fluorescence instrument as part of the PROPHET (Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport) and CABINEX (Community Atmosphere-Biosphere INteractions EXperiment) campaigns at a forested site in northern Michigan. Supporting measurements of photolysis rates, volatile organic compounds, NOx (NO + NO2 and other inorganic species were used to constrain a zero-dimensional box model based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism, modified to include the Mainz Isoprene Mechanism (RACM-MIM). The CABINEX model OH predictions were in good agreement with the measured OH concentrations, with an observed-to-modeled ratio near one (0.70 ± 0.31) for isoprene mixing ratios between 1–2 ppb on average. The measured peroxy radical concentrations, reflecting the sum of HO2 and isoprene-based peroxy radicals, were generally lower than predicted by the box model in both years.
Preliminary signs of the initiation of deep convection by GNSS
Authors: Brenot H. , Neméghaire J. , Delobbe L. , Clerbaux N. , De Meutter P. , Deckmyn A. , Delcloo A. , Frappez L. , Van Roozendael M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study reports on the exploitation of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and a new potential application for weather forecasts and nowcasting. We focus on GPS observations (post-processing with a time resolution of 5 and 15 min and fast calculations with a time resolution of 5 min) and try to establish typical configurations of the water vapour field which characterise convective systems and particularly which supply precursors of their initiation are associated with deep convection. We show the critical role of GNSS horizontal gradients of the water vapour content to detect small scale structures of the troposphere (i. e. convective cells), and then we present our strategy to obtain typical water vapour configurations by GNSS called "H2O alert". These alerts are based on a dry/wet contrast taking place during a 30 min time window before the initiation of a convective system. GNSS observations have been assessed for the rainfall event of 28–29 June 2005 using data from the Belgian dense network (baseline from 5 to 30 km). To validate our GNSS H2O alerts, we use the detection of precipitation by C-band weather radar and thermal infrared radiance (cloud top temperature) of the 10.8-micrometers channel [Ch09] of SEVIRI instrument on Meteosat Second Generation. Using post-processed measurements, our H2O alerts obtain a score of about 80%. Final and ultra-rapid IGS (International GNSS Service) orbits have been tested and show equivalent results. Fast calculations (less than 10 min) have been processed for 29 June 2005 with a time resolution of 5 min. The mean bias (and standard deviation) between fast and reference post-processed ZTD (zenith total delay) and gradients are, respectively, 0.002 (± 0.008) m and 0.001 (± 0.004) m. The score obtained for the H2O alerts generated by fast calculations is 65%.
Estimating bacteria emissions from inversion of atmospheric transport: sensitivity to modelled particle characteristics
Authors: Burrows S. M. , Rayner P. J. , Butler T. , Lawrence M. G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Model-simulated transport of atmospheric trace components can be combined with observed concentrations to obtain estimates of ground-based sources using various inversion techniques. These approaches have been applied in the past primarily to obtain source estimates for long-lived trace gases such as CO2. We consider the application of similar techniques to source estimation for atmospheric aerosols, using as a case study the estimation of bacteria emissions from different ecosystem regions in the global atmospheric chemistry and climate model ECHAM5/MESSy-Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). Source estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo is applied to a suite of sensitivity simulations, and the global mean emissions are estimated for the example problem of bacteria-containing aerosol particles. We present an analysis of the uncertainties in the global mean emissions, and a partitioning of the uncertainties that are attributable to particle size, activity as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the ice nucleation scavenging ratios for mixed-phase and cold clouds, and measurement error. For this example, uncertainty due to CCN activity or to a 1 μm error in particle size is typically between 10% and 40% of the uncertainty due to observation uncertainty, as measured by the 5–95th percentile range of the Monte Carlo ensemble. Uncertainty attributable to the ice nucleation scavenging ratio in mixed-phase clouds is as high as 10–20% of that attributable to observation uncertainty. Taken together, the four model parameters examined contribute about half as much to the uncertainty in the estimated emissions as do the observations. This was a surprisingly large contribution from model uncertainty in light of the substantial observation uncertainty, which ranges from 81–870% of the mean for each of ten ecosystems for this case study. The effects of these and other model parameters in contributing to the uncertainties in the transport of atmospheric aerosol particles should be treated explicitly and systematically in both forward and inverse modelling studies.
Measurement of low-ppm mixing ratios of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Thornberry T. D. , Rollins A. W. , Gao R. S. , Watts L. A. , Ciciora S. J. , McLaughlin R. J. , Voigt C. , Hall B. , Fahey D. W.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) instrument has been developed for the fast, precise, and accurate measurement of water vapor (H2O) at low mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). A low-pressure flow of sample air passes through an ionization volume containing an α-particle radiation source, resulting in a cascade of ion-molecule reactions that produce hydronium ions (H3O+) from ambient H2O. The production of H3O+ ions from ambient H2O depends on pressure and flow through the ion source, which were tightly controlled in order to maintain the measurement sensitivity independent of changes in the airborne sampling environment. The instrument was calibrated every 45 min in flight by introducing a series of H2O mixing ratios between 0.5 and 153 parts per million (ppm, 10−6 mol mol−1) generated by Pt-catalyzed oxidation of H2 standards while overflowing the inlet with dry synthetic air. The CIMS H2O instrument was deployed in an unpressurized payload area aboard the NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft during the Mid-latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) mission in March and April 2011. The instrument performed successfully during seven flights, measuring H2O mixing ratios below 5 ppm in the lower stratosphere at altitudes up to 17.7 km, and as low as 3.5 ppm near the tropopause. Data were acquired at 10 Hz and reported as 1 s averages. In-flight calibrations demonstrated a typical sensitivity of 2000 Hz ppm−1 at 3 ppm with a signal to noise ratio (2 σ, 1 s) greater than 32. The total measurement uncertainty was 9 to 11%, derived from the uncertainty in the in situ calibrations.
External forcings, oceanographic processes and particle flux dynamics in Cap de Creus submarine canyon, NW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rumín-Caparrós A. , Sanchez-Vidal A. , Calafat A. , Canals M. , Martín J. , Puig P. , Pedrosa-Pàmies R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Particle fluxes (including major components and grain size), and oceanographic parameters (near-bottom water temperature, current speed and suspended sediment concentration) were measured along the Cap de Creus submarine canyon in the Gulf of Lions (GoL; NW Mediterranean Sea) during two consecutive winter-spring periods (2009–2010 and 2010–2011). The comparison of data obtained with the measurements of meteorological and hydrological parameters (wind speed, turbulent heat flux, river discharge) have shown the important role of atmospheric forcings in transporting particulate matter through the submarine canyon and towards the deep sea. Indeed, atmospheric forcing during 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 winter months showed differences in both intensity and persistence that led to distinct oceanographic responses. Persistent dry northern winds caused strong heat losses (14.2 × 103 W m−2) in winter 2009–2010 that triggered a pronounced sea surface cooling compared to winter 2010–2011 (1.6 × 103 W m−2 lower). As a consequence, a large volume of dense shelf water formed in winter 2009–2010, which cascaded at high speed (up to ∼1 m s−1) down Cap de Creus Canyon as measured by a current-meter in the head of the canyon. The lower heat losses recorded in winter 2010–2011, together with an increased river discharge, resulted in lowered density waters over the shelf, thus preventing the formation and downslope transport of dense shelf water. High total mass fluxes (up to 84.9 g m−2 d−1) recorded in winter-spring 2009–2010 indicate that dense shelf water cascading resuspended and transported sediments at least down to the middle canyon. Sediment fluxes were lower (28.9 g m−2 d−1) under the quieter conditions of winter 2010–2011. The dominance of the lithogenic fraction in mass fluxes during the two winter-spring periods points to a resuspension origin for most of the particles transported down canyon. The variability in organic matter and opal contents relates to seasonally controlled inputs associated with the plankton spring bloom during March and April of both years.
Water availability determines branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether distributions in soils of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Menges J. , Huguet C. , Alcañiz J. M. , Fietz S. , Sachse D. , Rosell-Melé A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The MBT/CBT has recently gained significant attention as a novel paleotemperature proxy. It is based on the distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in soils. The CBT quantifies the degree of cyclisation and relates to soil pH. The MBT' quantifies the degree of methylation and relates to mean annual temperature and soil pH. Combining these two indices allows estimation of mean annual temperature (MAT). However other factors such as soil water availability or moisture conditions have been suggested to influence the MBT'. To assess the effect of moisture conditions on the MBT'/CBT a set of 23 Iberian Peninsula soil samples covering a temperature range from 10–18 °C and a wide range of soil moisture regimes (405 mm to 1455 mm mean annual precipitation per year), was analyzed. We find that CBT is significantly correlated to soil pH confirming it as a robust proxy. In contrast the MBT' index was not correlated to MAT and was weakly correlated to annual mean precipitation (MAP). Instead we found a significant correlation between MBT' and the Aridity Index (AI), a parameter related to water availability in soils. The AI can explain 70% of the residuals of MAT estimation and 50% of the actual variation of the MBT'. This suggests that in dry environments or under moisture shortage the degree of methylation of branched GDGTs is not controlled by temperature but rather by the degree of water available. Our results suggest that the MBT/CBT index is not applicable as a paleotemperature proxy in dry subhumid to hyperarid environments.
A paradigm shift in predicting stormflow responses in an active tectonic region through a similarity analysis of pressure propagation in a hydraulic continuum
Authors: Tani Makoto
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Soil layers on hillslopes acts as systems in quasi-steady states generating rainfall-stormflow responses that are controlled by pressure propagation in a hydraulic continuum established when the rainfall volume is sufficiently large. A similarity analysis for quantifying the sensitivity of the stormflow response and recession limb to topographic and soil properties in a sloping permeable domain showed that the deviation of stormflow responses in the hydraulic continuum decreases due to the macropore effect. The rapid responses seem to be naturally derived from the evolution of the soil layer with the assistance of the vegetation-root system and effective drainage systems in zero-order catchments in active tectonic regions with heavy storms. To predict stormflow responses using distributed runoff models, a paradigm shift to consider this evolution process is needed because the simple stormflow responses and complex and heterogeneous catchment properties are poorly related, but may be mainly determined by soil evolution processes.
Using the Storm Water Management Model to predict urban headwater stream hydrological response to climate and land cover change
Authors: Wu J. Y. , Thompson J. R. , Kolka R. K. , Franz K. J. , Stewart T. W.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Streams are natural features in urban landscapes that can provide ecosystem services for urban residents. However, urban streams are under increasing pressure caused by multiple anthropogenic impacts, including increases in human population and associated impervious surface area, and accelerated climate change. The ability to anticipate these changes and better understand their effects on streams is important for developing and implementing strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In this study, stream flow was monitored during April–November (2011 and 2012), and the data were used to apply the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for five urban watersheds in central Iowa, USA representing a gradient of percent impervious surface (IS, ranging from 5.3 to 37.1%). A set of three scenarios was designed to quantify hydrological responses to independent and combined effects of climate change (18% increase in precipitation), and land cover change (absolute increases between 5.2 and 17.1%, based on separate projections of impervious surfaces for the five watersheds) for the year 2040 compared to a current condition simulation. An additional set of three scenarios examined stream response to different distributions of land cover change within a single watershed. Hydrological responses were quantified using three indices: unit-area peak discharge, flashiness (R-B Index), and runoff ratio. Stream hydrology was strongly affected by watershed percent IS. For the current condition simulation, values for all three indices were five to seven times greater in the most developed watershed compared to the least developed watershed. The climate change scenario caused a 20.8% increase in unit-area peak discharge on average across the five watersheds compared to the current condition simulation. The land cover change scenario resulted in large increases for all three indices: 49.5% for unit-area peak discharge, 39.3% for R-B Index, and 73.9% for runoff ratio, on average, for the five watersheds. The combined climate and land cover change scenario resulted in even greater increases for all three indices: 80.1% for unit-area peak discharge, 43.7% for R-B Index, and 74.5% for runoff ratio, on average, for the five watersheds. The scenarios for different distributions of land cover change within one watershed resulted in changes for all three indices, with an 18.4% increase in unit-area peak discharge for the midstream scenario, and 17.5% (downstream) and 18.1% (midstream) increases in R-B Index, indicating sensitivity to the location of potential additions of IS within a watershed. Given the likelihood of increased precipitation in the future, land use planning and policy tools that limit expansion of impervious surfaces (e.g. by substituting pervious surfaces) or mitigate against their impacts (e.g. by installing bioswales) could be used to minimize negative effects on streams.
Research Note: Exploring the Effect of Tourism on Economic Growth in the Spanish Provinces and Autonomous Communities, 1999–2008
Authors: De La Palma GóMez-Calero Mª , Molina José Antonio , del P. Pablo-Romero María
Published: June 2013

The authors explore the extent to which tourism contributed to the economic growth of the different Spanish provinces and autonomous communities in the period 1999–2008. The results obtained by panel data analysis show that the elasticity of the provincial productivity with respect to tourism is equal to 0.10 when overnight stays of foreign tourists are taken as the indicator of provincial tourism, and 0.11 when total overnight stays are taken as the indicator. The results also show that the elasticity of the productivity of the autonomous communities with respect to tourism is slightly lower than the elasticity of the provincial productivity.
The recovery of Bt toxin content after temperature stress termination in transgenic cotton
Authors: Chen Y. , Wen Y. , Chen Y. , Zhang X. , Wang Y. , Chen D.
Published: June 2013

The insecticidal efficacy of Bt cotton under different environments has generated controversy in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate possible reasons of the conflicting results caused by temperature stress. Two different types of Bt transgenic cotton cultivars (a Bt cultivar, Sikang1, and an hybrid Bt cultivar, Sikang3) were selected. The plants of the two Bt cultivars were exposed to high temperature (37°C), low temperature (18°C), and the control (27°C) for short (24 h) and long (48 h) periods of stress at peak boll stage, and then moved to the glasshouse where the control plants were maintained. The results showed that the leaf insecticidal toxin content fully recovered within 24 h to the level of control after the end of short duration high-temperature treatment, and recovered mostly within 48 h of the termination of 24 h low-temperature stress. Under long duration high temperature treatment the Bt toxin content required longer recovery periods (48 and 72 h for Sikang3 and Sikang1, respectively) to reach the control level. The Bt protein content only recovered partially at 96 h after the end of the long-duration low-temperature stress, and the concentrations of the Cry1Ac protein were 74% and 77% of the corresponding control for Sikang1 and Sikang3, respectively. The different recovery and increase slowly of the leaf nitrogen metabolic rates after ceasing the heat and cold stress may be possible reason for the above difference. In summary, the duration and type of temperature (cold or heat) stress may cause different Bt insecticidal protein recovery rate due to different recovery rate of enzymes.
Short communication. Nitrogen content of residual alfalfa taproots under irrigation
Authors: Cela S. , Santiveri F. , Lloveras J.
Published: June 2013

The decomposition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residues can provide significant amounts of N to subsequent crops, but most of the data on this subject has been obtained from 1-2 year old alfalfa stands. The objective of this study was to determine the biomass of alfalfa taproots and their N content in irrigated alfalfa stands that are more than 2 years old. Twenty-two commercial irrigated alfalfa fields were evaluated in the Ebro Valley (Northeast Spain) from 2006 to 2010. The taproot biomass in the arable layer (0 to 30 cm depth) ranged from 1.8 to 10.1 Mg ha-1 and averaged 4.8 Mg ha-1. In contrast, the N concentration in alfalfa taproots was constant among fields and averaged 24.6 g N kg-1. The total amount of N contained in alfalfa taproots (0-30 cm depth) ranged from 47 to 96 kg N ha-1 in 55% of the fields, ranged from 97 to 200 kg N ha-1 in 22% of the fields, and exceeded 200 kg N ha-1 in 23% of the fields. The N content of the irrigated alfalfa taproots studied here is in the upper range previously reported in other areas, mainly with younger alfalfa stands. Based on the current finding, a classification of the quality of irrigated alfalfa stands is proposed to improve the estimates of the residual-N effects of alfalfa on subsequent crops.
Concise Review: Tissue-Engineered Skin and Nerve Regeneration in Burn Treatment
Authors: Blais Mathieu , Parenteau-Bareil Rémi , Cadau Sébastien , Berthod François
Published: June 2013

Burns not only destroy the barrier function of the skin but also alter the perceptions of pain, temperature, and touch. Different strategies have been developed over the years to cover deep and extensive burns with the ultimate goal of regenerating the barrier function of the epidermis while recovering an acceptable aesthetic aspect. However, patients often complain about a loss of skin sensation and even cutaneous chronic pain. Cutaneous nerve regeneration can occur from the nerve endings of the wound bed, but it is often compromised by scar formation or anarchic wound healing. Restoration of pain, temperature, and touch perceptions should now be a major challenge to solve in order to improve patients' quality of life. In addition, the cutaneous nerve network has been recently highlighted to play an important role in epidermal homeostasis and may be essential at least in the early phase of wound healing through the induction of neurogenic inflammation. Although the nerve regeneration process was studied largely in the context of nerve transections, very few studies have been aimed at developing strategies to improve it in the context of cutaneous wound healing. In this concise review, we provide a description of the characteristics of and current treatments for extensive burns, including tissue-engineered skin approaches to improve cutaneous nerve regeneration, and describe prospective uses for autologous skin-derived adult stem cells to enhance recovery of the skin's sense of touch.
Crime, Street Vendors and the Historical Downtown in Post-Giuliani Mexico City
Authors: Reyes Rodrigo Meneses
Published: June 2013

This article endeavors to go deeply into the recent transformations that have taken place in the regulation of street-level economic and business activities in Mexico City. It draws upon data collected during the course of a three-year research project carried out from 2007 to 2009, a specific timeframe when the urban authority deployed different legal and repressive strategies in order to ‘clean-up’ the streets of the city’s downtown areas, in keeping with the Giuliani Group’s advice. This paper intends to clarify two different dynamics: (a) how the urban authorities went about applying Giuliani’s advice to clean up the streets, and (b) the consequences these initiatives may have on the historical downtown core. My principal task is to offer a tentative insight into whether the incorporation of Giuliani’s repressive approach to urban planning has affected a specific urban space where, for decades, street-level economic, business and trade activities have been intimately interrelated with the creation of a city’s street culture. Research findings suggest that in those countries where street economic activities constitute a die-hard method of eking out one’s sustenance, the relation between order and crime may be more porous and indeterminate than is recognized and acknowledged by the majority of sociolegal studies that have, over the course of time, developed around this topic.
Chiral Polyurea with L-Lysinyl Residue Aimed for Optical Resolution
Authors: Hatanaka Makoto , Nishioka Yuki , Yoshikawa Masakazu
Published: June 2013

Novel polyurea was synthesized from lysinyl residue, L-lysine-4-nitroanilide (L-Lys-4-NA) and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (1,4-PDI). The polyurea thus prepared gave durable self-standing membranes. The polyurea was converted into molecular recognition materials by using Z-D-Glu or Z-L-Glu as a print molecule. The Z-D-Glu molecularly imprinted membrane adsorbed the D-isomer of Glu in preference to the corresponding L-isomer and vice versa. Even though the polyurea consisted of L-lysinyl residue, both Z-D-Glu and Z-L-Glu worked as print molecules to construct molecular (chiral) recognition sites in the membrane. Those two types of molecularly imprinted membrane show chiral separation abilities, adopting a concentration gradient or an applied potential difference as a driving force for membrane transport.
Theoretical Analysis on the Possible Interruption of Cell Division by Applying Physical Excitation to Gold Nanoparticles Introduced in Chromosomes
Authors: Naruse Yujiro
Published: June 2013

Theoretical analysis on cell division control using physical excitations for biocompatible gold nanoparticles in chromosomes is performed. The methods of physical excitations are utilizing ultrasound, electromagnetic waves and X-rays. Due to the mass increase of chromosomes, ultrasound enhances the vibration of chromosomes in metaphase of mitosis, which will disturb the alignment of chromosomes on metaphase plates and will suppress cell divisions. Under the exposure of electromagnetic waves, gold wires composed of gold nanoparticles will act as antennas in chromosomes, which will absorb electromagnetic energy and increase the temperature of chromosomes. There is a possibility that the temperature rise will bring about the transformation of DNA structure and interrupt the mitosis process. Gold nanoparticles exposed by X-rays in chromosomes emit high energy electrons through photoelectric effect, which will bring about a possibility that the high energy electrons will break the DNA structure and suppress mitosis process.
Soluble Microbial Products Removal Profile and Morphological Assessment of Submerged Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Dizge Nadir , Soydemir Gulfem , Bayar Secil , Karagunduz Ahmet , Keskinler Bulent
Published: June 2013

Performance of ultrafiltration membranes were investigated with submerged membrane in terms of removal of soluble microbial products (SMP) (as proteins and carbohydrates) and fouling mechanisms. Cellulose (UC) and polyethersulphone (UP) membranes with different molecular weight cut off (MWCO) (5, 10, 30 kDa for UC and 5, 10, 20 kDa for UP) were tested in the bioreactor. The quality of permeate was compared in terms of SMP and COD. There was no significant difference in the total SMP removal effectives for both the UC and UP membranes with different MWCO characteristics. However, UP membranes were relatively more effective in removing soluble carbohydrates, while UC membranes were more effective in removing soluble proteins. The submerged membrane bioreactor achieved organic removal efficiencies ranging from 98.1±0.2% to 99.2±0.3% based on the soluble COD levels. Analysis of the membrane performance data by resistances-in-series model indicated that cake fouling was the dominant membrane fouling mechanisms. Increasing the MWCO was resulted in higher membrane flux but lower SMP removal. Morphological examination of the membranes by SEM and AFM showed significant accumulation of organisms on the membrane surface.
La berce du Caucase : à l’aube d’une invasion au Québec ?
Authors: Lavoie Claude , Lelong Benjamin , Blanchette-Forget Noémie , Royer Hélène
Published: June 2013

Nous avons fait le portrait québécois des populations de berce du Caucase (Heracleum mantegazzianum ; Apiaceae), une plante exotique envahissante très vénéneuse introduite au Québec dans les années 1980. Nous avons recensé, au printemps 2012, toutes les mentions de la plante à partir de diverses sources (principalement des signalements de citoyens), puis vérifié sur le terrain, au cours de l’été suivant, la véracité de ces mentions. Environ 75 % des signalements se sont révélés véridiques (169 populations). Nous avons trouvé la berce du Caucase dans toutes les régions du Québec méridional à l’est de Gatineau et à l’ouest du fjord du Saguenay et du Bas-Saint-Laurent. La grande majorité (79 %) des populations s’est établie d’elle-même. Près de 42 % des populations contenaient plus de 50 individus et 30 % plus de 100 individus. Les trois quarts des populations vues sur le terrain ont fait l’objet d’une tentative d’éradication presque toujours infructueuse. Les 126 propriétaires de terrains avec berce du Caucase qui ont été interviewés ont signalé 26 cas de dermatite. Cet inventaire suggère que le Québec pourrait faire l’objet d’une invasion de berce du Caucase d’envergure. Toutefois, nous croyons qu’il est encore possible d’agir, sinon pour éradiquer la plante, du moins pour réduire de manière substantielle le nombre de populations et confiner celles qui subsisteront à de petits secteurs.