bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Treating Genodermatoses: New Therapies at the Horizon
Authors: Morren Marie-Anne , Legius Eric , Giuliano Fabienne , Hadj-Rabia Smail , Hohl Daniel , Bodemer Christine
Published: January 2022

Genodermatoses are rare inherited skin diseases that frequently affect other organs. They often have marked effects on wellbeing and may cause early death. Progress in molecular genetics and translational research has unravelled many underlying pathological mechanisms, and in several disorders with high unmet need, has opened the way for the introduction of innovative treatments. One approach is to intervene where cell-signaling pathways are dysregulated, in the case of overactive pathways by the use of selective inhibitors, or when the activity of an essential factor is decreased by augmenting a molecular component to correct disequilibrium in the pathway. Where inflammatory reactions have been induced by a genetically altered protein, another possible approach is to suppress the inflammation directly. Depending on the nature of the genodermatosis, the implicated protein or even on the particular mutation, to correct the consequences or the genetic defect, may require a highly personalised stratagem. Repurposed drugs, can be used to bring about a “read through” strategy especially where the genetic defect induces premature termination codons. Sometimes the defective protein can be replaced by a normal functioning one. Cell therapies with allogeneic normal keratinocytes or fibroblasts may restore the integrity of diseased skin and allogeneic bone marrow or mesenchymal cells may additionally rescue other affected organs. Genetic engineering is expanding rapidly. The insertion of a normal functioning gene into cells of the recipient is since long explored. More recently, genome editing, allows reframing, insertion or deletion of exons or disruption of aberrantly functioning genes. There are now several examples where these stratagems are being explored in the (pre)clinical phase of therapeutic trial programmes. Another stratagem, designed to reduce the severity of a given disease involves the use of RNAi to attenuate expression of a harmful protein by decreasing abundance of the cognate transcript. Most of these strategies are short-lasting and will thus require intermittent life-long administration. In contrast, insertion of healthy copies of the relevant gene or editing the disease locus in the genome to correct harmful mutations in stem cells is more likely to induce a permanent cure. Here we discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of applying these technologies in patients with these genetic conditions. Given the severity of many genodermatoses, prevention of transmission to future generations remains an important goal including offering reproductive choices, such as preimplantation genetic testing, which can allow selection of an unaffected embryo for transfer to the uterus.
Analysis of Reservoir Seismic Law Based on Three-Dimensional Morphological Characteristics of Joint Surface Related to Listric Fault
Authors: Duan Guoyong , Wang Yanhai , Chen Jianghong , Zhang Jingyu
Published: January 2022

Since water storage, earthquakes occurred in Badong County, Hubei Province, accounted for as much as one-third of the strong earthquakes in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. For example, the MS5.1 earthquake occurred in December 2013 near the Gaoqiao fault in Badong County. The earthquake time, magnitude, and location analysis showed that reservoir earthquakes in this area exhibited some characteristics, such as periodicity, migration, and deep extension. Based on the regional stratum lithology and structural characteristics, this paper designed a curved joint on a small scale to simulate the structural morphology of the Gaoqiao fault and carried out triaxial compression tests under different immersion times to analyze the morphological parameters of the joint surface. The results showed that topological parameters such as root mean square height (Sq), arithmetic average height (Sa), reverse load area ratio (Smc), and minimum autocorrelation length (Sal) could effectively characterize the degree of damage and deterioration of curved joints. The test privides a reference for analyzing the evolution law of the seismic characteristics of the reservoir.
May the Force and Mass Be With You—Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise
Authors: Viecelli Claudio , Aguayo David
Published: January 2022

Skeletal muscle is one of the most important tissues of the human body. It comprises up to 40% of the body mass and is crucial to survival. Hence, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength is pivotal. It is well-established that resistance exercise provides a potent anabolic stimulus to increase muscle mass and strength in men and women of all ages. Resistance exercise consists of mechano-biological descriptors, such as load, muscle action, number of repetitions, repetition duration, number of sets, rest interval between sets, frequency, volitional muscular failure, and range of motion, which can be manipulated. Herein, we discuss the evidence-based contribution of these mechano-biological descriptors to muscle mass and strength.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Ca2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway Plays a Role in the Regulation of Cellular Zinc Deficiency in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Liu Dan , Yan Qiumei , Bian Xiyun , Yu Jing , Wang Jingjing , Cheng Xinxin , Xu Zhelong
Published: January 2022

Zinc homeostasis has been known to play a role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the precise molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of ZIP transporters during reperfusion are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether ER Stress/CaMKII/STAT3 pathway plays a role in the regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis. Zinc deficiency increased mRNA and protein expressions of the ER stress relevant markers Chop and Bip, and STAT3 phosphorylation in H9c2 or HL-1 cells, an effect that was abolished by ZnCl2. ER calcium concentration [(Ca2+)ER] was decreased and cytosolic calcium concentration [(Ca2+)I] was increased at the condition of normoxia or ischemia/reperfusion, indicating that zinc deficiency triggers ER stress and Ca2+ leak. Further studies showed that upregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation was reversed by Ca2+ chelator, indicating that intracellular Ca2+ is important for zinc deficiency-induced STAT3 activation. In support, zinc deficiency enhanced ryanodine receptors (RyR), a channel in the ER that mediate Ca2+ release, and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) phosphorylation, implying that zinc deficiency provoked Ca2+ leak from ER via RyR and p-CaMKII is involved in STAT3 activation. Moreover, inhibition of STAT3 activation blocked zinc deficiency induced ZIP9 expression, and resulted in increased Zn2+ loss in cardiomyocytes, further confirming that STAT3 activation during reperfusion promotes the expression of ZIP9 zinc transporter to correct the imbalance in zinc homeostasis. In addition, suppressed STAT3 activation aggravated reperfusion injury. These data suggest that the ER Stress/CaMKII/STAT3 axis may be an endogenous protective mechanism, which increases the resistance of the heart to I/R.
Breeding Potentials of Bambara Groundnut for Food and Nutrition Security in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Olanrewaju Oluwaseyi Samuel , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Abberton Michael
Published: January 2022

Constant production of quality food should be a norm in any community, but climate change, increasing population, and unavailability of land for farming affect food production. As a result, food scarcity is affecting some communities, especially in the developing world. Finding a stable solution to this problem is a major cause of concern for researchers. Synergistic application of molecular marker techniques with next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can unlock the potentials hidden in most crop genomes for improving yield and food availability. Most crops such as Bambara groundnut (BGN), Winged bean, and African yam bean are underutilized. These underutilized crops can compete with the major crops such as cowpea, soybean, maize, and rice, in areas of nutrition, ability to withstand drought stress, economic importance, and food production. One of these underutilized crops, BGN [Vigna subterranea(L.), Verdc.], is an indigenous African legume and can survive in tropical climates and marginal soils. In this review, we focus on the roles of BGN and the opportunities it possesses in tackling food insecurity and its benefits to local farmers. We will discuss BGN’s potential impact on global food production and how the advances in NGS technologies can enhance its production.
Regulatory Mechanisms of the Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Yang Penghui , Chang Yujie , Wang Lanfen , Wang Shumin , Wu Jing
Published: January 2022

Common bean blight (CBB), primarily caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the most destructive diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The tepary bean genotype PI 319443 displays high resistance to Xap, and the common bean genotypes HR45 and Bilu display high resistance and susceptibility to Xap, respectively. To identify candidate genes related to Xap resistance, transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare gene expression levels with Xap inoculation at 0, 24, and 48 h post inoculation (hpi) among the three genotypes. A total of 1,146,009,876 high-quality clean reads were obtained. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that 1,688 DEGs responded to pathogen infection in the three genotypes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was also performed to identify three modules highly correlated with Xap resistance, in which 334 DEGs were likely involved in Xap resistance. By combining differential expression analysis and WGCNA, 139 DEGs were identified as core resistance-responsive genes, including 18 genes encoding resistance (R) proteins, 19 genes belonging to transcription factor families, 63 genes encoding proteins with oxidoreductase activity, and 33 plant hormone signal transduction-related genes, which play important roles in the resistance to pathogen infection. The expression patterns of 20 DEGs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq results.
Uncovering Novel Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes for Senescence-Related Traits by Genome-Wide Association Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Liu Qibao , Li Libei , Feng Zhen , Yu Shuxun
Published: January 2022

Senescence in plants is a complex trait, which is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors and can affect the yield and quality of cotton. However, the genetic basis of cotton senescence remains relatively unknown. In this study, we reported genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on 185 accessions of upland cotton and 26,999 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reveal the genetic basis of cotton senescence. To determine cotton senescence, we evaluated eight traits/indices. Our results revealed a high positive correlation (r>0.5) among SPAD value 20 days after topping (SPAD20d), relative difference of SPAD (RSPAD), nodes above white flower on topping day (NAWF0d), nodes above white flower 7 days after topping (NAWF7d), and number of open bolls on the upper four branches (NB), and genetic analysis revealed that all traits had medium or high heritability ranging from 0.53 to 0.86. Based on a multi-locus method (FASTmrMLM), a total of 63 stable and significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were detected, which represented 50 genomic regions (GWAS risk loci) associated with cotton senescence. We observed three reliable loci located on chromosomes A02 (A02_105891088_107196428), D03 (D03_37952328_38393621) and D13 (D13_59408561_60730103) because of their high repeatability. One candidate gene (Ghir_D03G011060) was found in the locus D03_37952328_38393621, and its Arabidopsis thaliana homologous gene (AT5G23040) encodes a cell growth defect factor-like protein (CDF1), which might be involved in chlorophyll synthesis and cell death. Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that the transcript level of Ghir_D03G011060 was down-regulated in old cotton leaves, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that silencing of Ghir_D03G011060 resulted in leaf chlorosis and promoted leaf senescence. In addition, two candidate genes (Ghir_A02G017660 and Ghir_D13G021720) were identified in loci A02_105891088_107196428 and D13_59408561_60730103, respectively. These results provide new insights into the genetic basis of cotton senescence and will serve as an important reference for the development and implementation of strategies to prevent premature senescence in cotton breeding programs.
Association Between Socio-Affective Symptoms and Glutathione and CD4 and CD8 Lymphocytes in College Students
Authors: Balderas-Vazquez Cecilia Luz , Bernal-Morales Blandina , Garcia-Montalvo Eliud Alfredo , Vega Libia , Herrera-Huerta Emma Virginia , Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco , Velázquez-Hernández José Felipe , Xotlanihua-Gervacio María del Carmen , Valenzuela Olga Lidia
Published: January 2022

Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in young students is associated with biosocial factors and scholastic stress. However, few studies have evaluated emotional-affective symptoms that are related to the immune system and antioxidant parameters in young individuals without diagnoses of affective disorders.

Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between emotional-affective symptoms and glutathione concentrations and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in college students.

Methods: College students (n = 177) completed standardized psychometric instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale, and Rosenberg Scale. Blood samples were biochemically analyzed. Analyses of variance were conducted between four groups according to symptom severity.

Results: A considerable prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was observed and negatively correlated with self-esteem and socio-familiar support. Perceived stress was sexually dimorphic. Although biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, glutathione, CD4, and CD8 tended to be lower in participants with anxiety and depression symptoms, which may be of predictive value.

Conclusion: The relationship between antioxidant/immune parameters and socio-affective scores is latent in undiagnosed college students who might develop affective disorders. The findings suggest that during the initial development of affective disorders, stress management strategies should be implemented to help college students cope with the academic load and monitor negative changes in their physiological state.
Enstranglements: Performing Within, and Exiting From, the Arts-in-Health “Setting”
Authors: Williams Frances , Shaw Becky , Schrag Anthony
Published: January 2022

The following text explores performative art works commissioned within a specific “arts and health” cultural setting, namely that of a medical school within a British university. It examines the degree to which the professional autonomy of the artists (and curator) was “instrumentalized” and diminished as a result of having to fit into normative frames set by institutional agendas (in this case, that of “the neoliberal university”). We ask to what extent do such “entanglements,” feel more like “enstranglements,” suffocating the artist’s capacity to envision the world afresh or any differently? What kinds of pressures allow for certain kinds of “evidence” to be read and made visible, (and not others)? Are You Feeling Better? was a 2016 programme curated by Frances Williams, challenging simplistic expectations that the arts hold any automatic power of their own to make “things better” in healthcare. It included two performative projects – The Secret Society of Imperfect Nurses, by Anthony Schrag with student nurses at Kings College London, and Hiding in Plain Sight by Becky Shaw (plus film with Rose Butler) with doctoral researchers in nursing and midwifery. These projects were situated in a climate of United Kingdom National Health Service cuts and austerity measures where the advancement of social prescribing looks dangerously like the government abnegating responsibility and offering art as amelioration. The text therefore examines the critical “stage” on which these arts-health projects were performed and the extent to which critical reflection is welcomed within institutional contexts, how learning is framed, expressed aesthetically, as well as understood as art practice (as much as “education” or “learning”). It further examines how artistic projects might offer sites of resistance, rejection and mechanisms of support against constricting institutional norms and practices that seek to instrumentalise artistic works to their own ends.
Exploring Networks of Lexical Variation in Russian Sign Language
Authors: Kimmelman Vadim , Komarova Anna , Luchkova Lyudmila , Vinogradova Valeria , Alekseeva Oksana
Published: January 2022

When describing variation at the lexical level in sign languages, researchers often distinguish between phonological and lexical variants, using the following principle: if two signs differ in only one of the major phonological components (handshape, orientation, movement, location), then they are considered phonological variants, otherwise they are considered separate lexemes. We demonstrate that this principle leads to contradictions in some simple and more complex cases of variation. We argue that it is useful to visualize the relations between variants as graphs, and we describe possible networks of variants that can arise using this visualization tool. We further demonstrate that these scenarios in fact arise in the case of variation in color terms and kinship terms in Russian Sign Language (RSL), using a newly created database of lexical variation in RSL. We show that it is possible to develop a set of formal rules that can help distinguish phonological and lexical variation also in the problematic scenarios. However, we argue that it might be a mistake to dismiss the actual patterns of variant relations in order to arrive at the binary lexical vs. phonological variant opposition.
The Influence of Parental Involvement on Parent Satisfaction: The Moderating Effect of Parental Educational Level and the Number of Children
Authors: Shao Mingming , He Wei , Zhao Li , Su Yu-Sheng
Published: January 2022

With the change in the location of school education from the classroom to the home during the COVID-19 outbreak, there should be more educational caregiving from children’s parents when children learn online. Parental involvement in children’s online learning including study guide and psychological counseling is the specific content of educational caregiving, which is different from face-to-face learning. More attention should be paid to parental involvement and parents’ satisfaction with the online learning effect. This study therefore conducted a survey on middle school students’ parents to establish a moderating model, exploring the influence of parental involvement on parent satisfaction, and the number of children and parental education level as the moderator variables influencing parental involvement. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between parental involvement and satisfaction, while the parental education level and the number of children both have a moderating effect on the relationship between parental involvement and parent satisfaction. The moderating effect of the education level of parents shows negative, while the moderating effect of the number of children is positive. An interesting finding is that the number of children has a very low influence on parental involvement.
The Effect of Chinese Proficiency on Determining Temporal Adverb Position by Native Japanese Speakers Learning Chinese
Authors: Tamaoka Katsuo , Zhang Jingyi
Published: January 2022

The present study aimed to investigate how native Japanese speakers learning Chinese choose preferred positions for temporal adverbs depending on their level of Chinese proficiency. A naturalness judgment task conducted on native Chinese speakers showed that the most natural position for Chinese temporal adverbs was before the subject and that placement after the locative prepositional phrase was incorrect. The same task applied to native Japanese speakers found the most natural position for Japanese temporal adverbs was also before the subject. Further, when they appear at the beginning of a sentence, they provide the time for the entire sentence. Accordingly, temporal topicalization appears to influence naturalness decisions by both native Chinese and Japanese speakers. A point of difference was that in Japanese, a temporal adverb placed after a locative prepositional phrase was judged to be acceptable. When the same task was given to native Japanese speakers learning Chinese divided into three Chinese proficiency level groups, placement before the subject was the most preferred by the higher Chinese proficiency group. In addition, placement after the locative prepositional phrase was unfavored by them while the same position was frequently selected by the lower level group. As Chinese proficiency increases it appears that the preferred temporal adverb position is before the subject and the placement after the locative prepositional is judged to be unnatural. Thus, a sense of suitable temporal adverb positions in Chinese is influenced by the level of Chinese proficiency of native Japanese speakers.
“I Have No Capacities That Can Help Me”: Young Asylum Seekers in Norway and Serbia – Flight as Disturbance of Developmental Processes
Authors: Varvin Sverre , Vladisavljević Ivana , Jović Vladimir , Sagbakken Mette
Published: January 2022

Most studies on refugee populations are organized around trauma-related issues and focus on explaining pathological factors. Few studies are anchored in general developmental psychology with the aim of exploring normal age-specific developmental tasks and how the special circumstances associated with forced migration can influence how developmental tasks are negotiated. This study is part of a larger mixed method study seeking to identify resilience-promoting and resilience-inhibiting factors, on individual and contextual levels, among asylum seekers and refugees on the move (passing through Serbia) and settled in reception centers in Norway. A strategic sample of 20 adolescent and young adult refugees/asylum seekers during flight in Serbia (10) and after arrival in Norway (10) was chosen from a sample of 178 refugees interviewed in depth in Serbia and at receptions centers in Norway. The sample reflects the focus of this paper, which is to explore adolescent and young adult refugees/asylum seekers’ psychological and social needs and resources during flight to and after arrival in the host country, including how developmental tasks are negotiated. Through qualitative analysis, experiences associated with the developmental changes the participants experienced before, during, and after flight are contextualized. Their sense of self, their relationships with their families and their perceptions of their situation as adolescents or young adults in a highly unpredictable situation are presented in the light of relevant theory and findings from similar refugee studies. All the participants have fled from dangerous and intolerable situations in their home countries. They describe extreme dangers during flight in contexts that are unpredictable and where they feel lonely and unsupported. Most have unmet psychosocial needs and have received little support or help for their mental health issues during flight or after arrival in Norway. Suggestions for interventions and resilience-promoting actions are given based on the findings of the study.
The Predictors of Awareness of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence in the Media and the Influence on Actions of the Individuals
Authors: Frentzen Engie , Reisacher Doris , Brähler Elmar , Rassenhofer Miriam , Fegert Jörg M. , Witt Andreas
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The number of reportings on sexual abuse (SA), sexual violence (SV) cases covered in the media has risen a significant amount with most cases involving women and children. The aim of the study is to explore the questions: Are people aware of sexual abuse and sexual violence in the media? What are the predictors of awareness of sexual abuse and sexual violence? Does the awareness of sexual abuse and sexual violence in the media affect the actions of the individuals?

Methods: A representative survey of the German-speaking resident population (2020) on physical and mental well-being was used. The participants (N = 2,503: females = 50.9%) were between the ages of 14 and 97 (M = 49.81). The German version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, The General Habitual Well-Being Questionnaire and questions about own experiences of sexual harassment on the internet, experiences of domestic sexual abuse and different socio-economic variables were used. The outcome variables regarding the awareness of SA and SV in the media, different types of scandals (church, pedophile, USA), #MeToo-debate and the change in actions were used. Frequency analyses and binary regressions were conducted.

Results: One thousand five hundred and fifty-five (62.6%) respondents answered yes to being aware of SA and SV in the media. The results show that females, aging, number of children in household, Protestant and Catholic religion, school graduation, own experience(s) of sexual harassment on the internet, own experience(s) of SA in childhood, and Adverse Childhood Experiences have a significant higher association to the awareness of SA and SV in the media. German nationality and Muslim religion have a significant lower association. The variables that most commonly affected the awareness of SA and SV, scandals, debate and the individual actions were age, own experiences of sexual harassment on the internet and the Protestant religion.

Conclusion: Advertising more support centers, hotlines and linking this information to sexual abuse cases covered in the media should be considered. Media bystander interventions could be helpful to train people to react appropriately. Further investigation that considers the different types of media and its influence on the awareness of SA and SV is needed.
Adopting the Concept of ‘Ba' and the ‘SECI' Model in Developing Person-Centered Practices in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Attard Christie , Elliot Michelle , Grech Paulann , McCormack Brendan
Published: January 2022

The concept of knowledge is divided into explicit and tacit knowledge; explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge that can be articulated, written and stored, while tacit knowledge refers to personal experiences, values, beliefs and emotions of an individual. By Nonaka's theory, explicit and tacit knowledge do not lie separately but interact together by interactions and relationships between human beings. Thus, the SECI model is based on the assumption that knowledge is created through the social interaction of tacit and explicit knowledge; known as knowledge conversion. The SECI model is based upon four modes of knowledge conversion; socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. 'Ba' is considered to be a shared platform for knowledge creation. 'Ba' is a shared space, be it physical, mental or a combination of both that serves as a foundation of knowledge creation. Ba involves sharing of tacit knowledge i.e. emotions, feelings, experiences and mental images. It also involves the formation of a collective relationship which is open to the sharing of practices, values, processes and culture. This concept focuses mainly on the individual as a person who holds the knowledge rather than just on the knowledge itself. It aims to create a common space to bring people together where they can dialogue to share and create knowledge. As in the relationships formed in person-centered practices, relationships formed in Ba are based on not just the sharing of objective knowledge but also on sharing values, beliefs, and emotions. It also reflects the formation of a person-centered environment as a basis for person-centered research where healthful relationships with the participants are formed. Furthermore, Ba will aid in creating a sense of connectiveness and dialogue, thus focusing on the idea that the development of new practices is done with others rather than to others. In this article we will discuss how these Eastern concepts can be adapted and used to develop person-centered practices within child and adolescent mental health services, specifically related to rehabilitation and recovery. The concepts of personhood will be discussed, followed by a reflection on current practices adopted when working with children and adolescents.
Influence of Heterologous and Homologous Vaccines, and Their Components, on the Host Immune Response and Protection Against Experimental Caprine Paratuberculosis
Authors: Arteche-Villasol Noive , Gutiérrez-Expósito Daniel , Elguezabal Natalia , Sevilla Iker A. , Vallejo Raquel , Espinosa José , Ferreras María del Carmen , Benavides Julio , Pérez Valentín
Published: January 2022

Vaccination against paratuberculosis, a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), has been considered as the most effective control method. However, protection is incomplete, and the mechanisms operating in the response of the animals to vaccination are not fully understood. Therefore, this study analyzed the immune response and the effects on protection against Map infection, elicited by paratuberculosis (Silirum®) and tuberculosis (heat-inactivated M. bovis [HIMB]) vaccines and their components in a caprine experimental model. Fifty goat kids were divided into 10 groups (n = 5) according to their vaccination (Silirum®, HIMB and nonvaccinated), immunization (inactivated bacteria or adjuvant), and/or infection. Oral challenge with Map was performed 45 days postvaccination/immunization (dpv), and animals were euthanized at 190 dpv. Peripheral immune response and proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed monthly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Local immune response, proportion of tissue lymphocyte subpopulations, Map detection (polymerase chain reaction), and histological examination were conducted in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. All infected groups developed paratuberculosis granulomatous lesions despite vaccination or immunization. The Silirum® and HIMB-vaccinated groups showed a considerable lesion reduction consistent with a significant peripheral cellular and humoral immune response. Besides, a lower number of granulomas were observed in groups immunized with inactivated bacteria and adjuvants in comparison to nonvaccinated and infected group. However, despite not being significant, this reduction was even higher in adjuvant immunized groups, which developed milder granulomatous lesion with no detectable peripheral immune responses associated with immunization. No changes in the peripheral and local proportion of lymphocyte subsets or local immune response were detected in relation to either vaccination/immunization or infection. Despite that paratuberculosis and tuberculosis vaccination showed a partial and cross-protection against Map infection, respectively, only histological examination could assess the progression of infection in these animals. In addition, the pattern observed in the reduction of the lesions in adjuvant immunized groups suggests the possible involvement of a nonspecific immune response that reduces the development of granulomatous lesions.
S-Methylcysteine Ameliorates the Intestinal Damage Induced by Eimeria tenella Infection via Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Modulators
Authors: Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Fehaid Alaa , EL-shewehy Dina M. M. , Ramez Amany M. , Alkhaldi Abdulsalam A. M. , Mady Rehab , Nasr Nasr Elsayed , Arafat Nagah , Hassanen Eman A. A. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Abdo Walied
Published: January 2022

Avian coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the poultry industry. The infection is caused by Eimeria species, and its treatment relies mainly on the administration of anticoccidial drugs, which can result in drug resistance and side effects. The recent trends in avian coccidiosis treatment is directed to the development of a new therapy using herbal compounds. S-Methylcysteine (SMC) is considered one of the organosulfur compounds in garlic that showed promising activity in the treatment of different pathological conditions via a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In this study, the anticoccidial activity of SMC was investigated in Eimeria tenella-infected chickens compared to diclazuril as a widely used anticoccidial drug. In this regard, 14-day-old broilers were divided into six groups (n = 18). The first group (G1) was the healthy control group, while the second group (G2) was the non-infected SMC group treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Moreover, the third group (G3) was the positive control group (infected and non-treated). The fourth group (G4) was the infected group treated with SMC of 25 mg/kg b.w. (low dose), while the fifth group (G5) was the infected group treated with SMC of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Conversely, the sixth group (G6) was the diclazuril-treated group. The anticoccidial effects of SMC and diclazuril were evaluated by counting oocysts and recording the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, clinical signs, lesions, and mortality rate. Interestingly, SMC showed potent anticoccidial activity, which was exemplified by reduction of oocyst count. Furthermore, the biochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory parameters in the cecal tissues were restored toward their control levels in G4, G5, and G6. Histopathological observation of cecal tissues was consistent with the aforementioned results revealing the ameliorative effect of SMC against E. tenella infection. This study concluded novel findings in relation to the anticoccidial role of SMC as a plant-based compound against the E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens combined with its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies for exploring the mechanistic pathways involved in this activity and the potential benefits from its use in association with conventional anticoccidial drugs are warranted.
Crosslinked Polyethyleneimine Gel Polymer Interface to Improve Cycling Stability of RFBs
Authors: Lim Hyung-Seok , Chae Sujong , Yan Litao , Li Guosheng , Feng Ruozhu , Shin Yongsoon , Nie Zimin , Sivakumar Bhuvaneswari Modachur , Zhang Xin , Liang Yangang , Bazak David Jonathan , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Kim Soowhan , Wang Wei
Published: January 2022

Redox flow batteries are considered a promising technology for grid energy storage. However, capacity decay caused by crossover of active materials is a universal challenge for many flow battery systems, which are based on various chemistries. In this paper, using the vanadium redox flow battery as an example, we demonstrate a new gel polymer interface (GPI) consisting of crosslinked polyethyleneimine with a large amount of amino and carboxylic acid groups introduced between the positive electrode and the membrane. The GPI functions as a key component to prevent vanadium ions from crossing the membrane, thus supporting stable long-term cycling. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to investigate the effect of GPI on the electrochemical properties of graphitic carbon electrodes (GCFs) and redox reaction of catholyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and
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H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra demonstrated that the crosslinked GPI is chemically stable for 100 cycles without dissolution of polymers and swelling in the strong acidic electrolytes. Results from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy proved that the GPI is effective in maintaining the concentration of vanadium species in their respective half-cells, resulting in improved cycling stability because of it prevents active species from crossing the membrane and stabilizes the oxidation states of active species.
GROSS MARGIN AS A CATEGORY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION
Authors: Kożuch Artur Jacek
Published: January 2022

Contemporary management concepts in public organisations emphasize the adaptation and implementation of selected management methods tested in commercial sector organisations. They are used to improve the processes of providing public services and to ensure savings, especially in terms of the level of costs. One such instrument is variable cost accounting, which, through the gross margin value, allows to assess both the ability of an organisation to provide specific services and to ensure the widest possible range of services, as well as to identify those who are responsible for the functioning of selected responsibility centres. The study attempts to present an algorithm of conduct ensuring the effective use of variable cost accounting in the process of improving the operation of public organisations.
CRYPTOCURRENCIES OR CAPITAL MARKETS. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY IN 2011-2020
Authors: Kozak Sylwester , Gajdek Seweryn
Published: January 2022

Cryptocurrencies have become an important element of the global financial system and a frequent investment tool in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to compare the efficiency of investments in the cryptocurrency market with investments in global capital markets. The study used the quotations of the analyzed instruments in the years 2011-2020. The investment efficiency was estimated using Sharpe and Sortino ratios. Research has shown that investments in cryptocurrencies were the most effective. They brought, on average, the highest daily rates of return, but on the other hand, they were characterized by the highest risk. Such a result could have been significantly influenced by the widespread persistence of ultra-low interest rates and a decline in the attractiveness of debt securities. The best results were obtained for investments in bitcoin and ethereum, which have the largest share of cryptocurrency market capitalization.
The Effect of Operational Risk, Credit Risk And Revenue Diversification on Profitability
Authors: Pondrinal Muhammad , Wijaya Ronni Andri , Adli Thariq Al
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Operational Risk, Credit Risk and Income Diversification on Profitability in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period.The analytical method used is Panel Data Regression analysis. The results obtained from this study: i) Operational Risk has a positive and significant effect on profitability in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. ii) Credit Risk has a negative and significant effect on profitability in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. iii) Income Diversification has a negative and significant effect on profitability in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. iv) Operational Risk, Credit Risk and Diversification have a positive and significant simultaneously positive and significant effect on Profitability in Banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period.
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarına Yönelik Lisansüstü Çalışmalar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TEMİZKAN Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe ders kitaplarına yönelik gerçekleştirilen lisansüstü çalışmaları yıl, tür, üniversite, ana bilim dalı, konu, yöntem, evren ve örneklem veri toplama araçları, veri analizi teknikleri doğrultusunda değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri setini Türkçe ders kitaplarına yönelik gerçekleştirilen yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri oluşturmaktadır. Veri setini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan tarama sonucunda farklı ana bilim ve ana sanat dallarında yapılan 6; yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi alanında gerçekleştirilen 27; dili İngilizce olan 2; erişimi yazar tarafından kısıtlanan 1 ve erişimi bulunmayan 27 çalışma değerlendirme dışı bırakılmıştır. Bunların dışında kalan 245 çalışma araştırmanın veri seti olarak belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizine başvurulmuştur. İçerik analizi sonucunda elde edilen verilerin sayısallaştırma aşamasında “var / yok” formatı kullanılmış ve frekans (sıklık) olarak yansıtılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Türkçe ders kitaplarına yönelik lisansüstü çalışmaların 1993 yılından bugüne kadar gerçekleştirildiği; bu çalışmaların 235’inin yüksek lisans düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu araştırmalar 32 farklı üniversitede yapılmıştır. Konu olarak bakıldığında en fazla çalışmanın ders kitaplarında yer alan metinler üzerinde yapıldığı, bunun dışında söz varlığı, dil bilgisi, etkinlikler, çocuk edebiyatı, değer aktarımı konularında da çalışmalara yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar en fazla 5-8. Sınıf düzeyinde, tarama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Fuerzas profundas y nuevos conflictos en la post Primavera árabe
Authors: Paredes Rodríguez Rubén
Published: January 2022

La Primavera árabe ha sido un proceso transnacional que afectó a los países árabes que se encuentran diseminados por la región del Middle East and Nord Africa -MENA por su acrónimo en inglés-. A pesar de las esperanzas que se cifraron con el despertar de las sociedades, las incertidumbres que rodearon dicho proceso fueron cristalizándose en la presencia de fuerzas profundas que han estado operando en la región.En tal sentido, el presente artículo busca analizar en el contexto del MENA la configuración de dos fuerzas profundas en la post Primavera árabe, a través de las cuales se puede reconstruir el contexto en el que operan y se desenvuelven, como así también identificar a los actores involucrados con sus acciones e intereses. Ellas son el retorno del autoritarismo y la identificación de todo el Islam político como enemigo.Si bien no se pierde de vista que éstas se encuentran interrelacionadas, a los fines metodológicos se las aborda por separado atendiendo a cómo fueron tomando forma en el transcurso de la década y a cómo se manifestaron en diferentes momentos en el contexto regional del MENA. Esto permitirá entender la naturaleza abierta de los conflictos que se suscitaron en Libia, Yemen y Siria, imprimiéndole a la región un carácter aún más convulso e inestable.
Reflexiones de un diplomático. ¿Puede la política exterior ser un instrumento que contribuya a mejorar la competitividad y la calidad institucional de la República Argentina?
Authors: Sersale Di Cerisano Carlos
Published: January 2022

Si se quisiera sintetizar la problemática argentina en dos causas principales, las cuales cruzan absolutamente todas las áreas que limitan su crecimiento económico sostenido y desarrollo sustentable, éstas podrían sintetizarse en su competitividad y en su falta de transparencia institucional.En este contexto, y partiendo del supuesto que los cambios estructurales tienen que provenir de la agenda interna del país, se intenta en este artículo de opinión, señalar cómo la política exterior y sus alianzas internacionales relacionadas pueden ser un instrumento para controlar esas causas y contribuir a la construcción de un estado inclusivo, capaz de producir esos cambios que limitan su crecimiento económico y desarrollo sustentable.
RODRIGUES, Gilberto M.A. (2021). Paradiplomacia: cidades e estados na cena global. 1a ed. San Pablo, Brasil: Editora Desatino. ISBN: 978-85-88467-40-8. 116 pp.
Authors: Romero María del Huerto
Published: January 2022

El libro Paradiplomacia: cidades e estados na cena global es producto de más de veinte años de trabajo académico del autor en el campo de la paradiplomacia, la cooperación descentralizada y el federalismo en Brasil. Desde su tesis de doctorado en Ciencias Sociales en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de São Paulo, Brasil, hasta su dedicación actual como Profesor Asociado y coordinador del Programa de Posgrado en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidade Federal do ABC (Brasil) e investigador del Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico de Brasil, Gilberto M. A. Rodrigues ha desarrollado una extensa producción académica en la temática de la obra que aquí se reseña.
Features of pathomorphosis of gunshot wounds of the lungs
Authors: Bunin Yu.V. , Mikhaylusov R.N. , Negoduyko V.V. , Yakimova T.P.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the results of pathomorphological changes of the lungs in the period from 1 day to 1.5 years after receiving a gunshot wound after a gunshot wound to the lungs. The features of the pathomorphosis of modern gunshot wounds of the lungs were determined in the dynamics to identify the optimal surgical tactics. It is found that impaired hemodynamics under the influence of firearms leads to the development of intoxication as a result of necrotic changes in the areola and to thrombosis with obstruction and vascular stenosis, and entails a cascade of local disorders of lung structure and function and as a consequence of pulmonary heart failure. The obtained morphological results of healing of gunshot wounds in the dynamics necessitate the search for new and optimization of existing methods of treatment of persons with gunshot wounds of the lungs in order to primarily optimize the preserved tissues.
Keywords: morphological examinations, lungs, gunshot wound.
Biogeography, inventory and new data on reptiles of M’sila region, Algeria
Authors: Benelkadi Hadj Aissa , Mammeri Adel , Amroun Mansour
Published: January 2022

This study is the first contribution to the evaluation of reptile diversity in different habitats of M’sila region, Algeria. We carried out 94 trips between 2016 and 2018 across three sites: Mergueb (six stations), L’mhazem (three stations) and Kaf Afoul (two stations), on average, accompanied by prospectors. Our aims were to make an inventory of reptilian species in this region, as well as to study their diversity, distribution, ecology and abundance. Altogether, we recorded 193 specimens belonging to 22 species: two turtles, one amphisbaenian, twelve lizards and seven snakes. Two species classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN were recorded: Uromastyx acanthinurus (Bell, 1825) and Daboia mauritanica (Duméril & Bibron, 1848). Statistical analysis revealed that the type of habitat directly influences the distribution of reptiles in the study area. Although this small area is rich in reptilian species, their abundance remains low and worrying