bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Motorik Halus Anak di TK Aisyiyah Aek Kanopan
Authors: Lasty Widya Firdausi , Panjaitan Berlianti  
Published: February 2022

The focus of this research is how the ability of children's fine motor activities and how they are implemented as well as the results obtained after the activity by the teacher during the learning and teaching process at Aisyiyah Aek Kanopan Kindergarten. Fine motor activity is a body movement that involves small muscles, especially those involving the muscles of the hands and fingers. Usually fine motor activities of high accuracy, require work and coordination between the eyes and small muscles. This study uses the observation method, namely data collection by direct observation of the object of research, namely communicating directly with sources, documentation, namely collecting data from written sources or documents. Data analysis used to analyze data obtained from observation sheets or observations and interviews. From the results of the study, it was found that in increasing the ability of fine motor activities of children in Aisyiyah Aek Kanopan Kindergarten, it was supported by the role of the teacher and the stages of implementing fine motor activities which were very supportive in improving children's fine motor skills. There are four fine motor activities carried out, namely (1) Drawing; (2) Playing Dough; (3) Collage; (4) Splashing. The results or outputs achieved from fine motor activities are increasing interest and fine motor skills in children. Students are increasingly fond and happy in doing fine motor activities besides that, students have started to be independent and more focused when doing fine motor activities.

 Keywords: Children's activities, motor, children’s fine
Pembelajaran Mengenal Huruf Hijaiyah pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Penggunaan Media Kartu Huruf di Rai’anatun Nahidh
Authors: Lasty Widya Firdausi , Mamy  Elvita  
Published: February 2022

Teaching preparation is essentially a short-term plan to estimate or project what is being done. Thus, preparation for the implementation of learning in elementary schools is an attempt to predict the actions to be taken in learning activities. This research was conducted to find out: how the preparations were made to introduce hijaiyah letters to students, how to plan to introduce hijaiyah letters, how the steps were used to introduce hijaiyyah letters and how the process of introducing hijaiyyah letters to group A students at RA I'anatun Nahidh Research Methodology, General description of research locations, Research Methods, data sources, data collection procedures, data analysis, data validity checks and research stages. The results showed that: the steps used to introduce the hijaiyyah letters were singing hijaiyah letters, every morning children were taught to read iqra', every day six children were taught letters, every day children demonstrated in front of the class six hijaiyah letters, the teacher used cards, pictures and demonstration methods in front of the class. The process of introducing hijaiyyah letters to students every day shows children pictures of hijaiyah letters from alif to yes, they are read together and then written on the blackboard written in the form of six letters hijaiyah letters, then shown With this card media, the six letters are repeatedly shown to the students one by one while explaining the shape and saying it with their mouth so that the letters fit well, then the students one by one demonstrate how to pronounce the letters. Preparation, planning, steps, this learning process must be owned by the teacher because by doing this the teacher is easy to teach, time effective, so learning is fun

Keywords: Learning, introduction, hijaiyah letters and card media
The Effect df Improving Spiritual Quotient and Emotional Quotient on Mental Health in Sya'ban Month at The Pandemic Covid 19 in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kartika Ika , Saepudin Saep , Setiawati Yanti Hasbian , Suryahim Iim
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the effect of increasing spiritual quotient and emotional quotient on mental health during the month of Sya'ban during the Covid 19 pandemic. This study aims to determine and analyze the positive effects of the spiritual quotient on mental health in the month of Sya'ban. This research uses quantitative research methods. The sample was determined randomly amounting to 100 people. Data collection tools use instruments that are distributed to research respondents. Data were analyzed using the Path Analysis model, which is to analyze the positive effects of spiritual quotient and mental health. The results of this study indicate that the spiritual quotient has a positive effect on mental health during the month of Sya'ban during the Covid 19 pandemic.To improve mental health, it is necessary to increase intelligence and spirituality as a strategic effort to improve the quality of piety.

Keywords: Spiritual Quotient, Emotional Quotient, Mental Health, Covid 19
Analisis Peran Bank Syariah Dalam Perekonomian Masyarakat:
Authors: Hasibuan Reni Ria Armayani , Alfariqi Imam , Pane Ricky , Andiranti Serli
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This study is intended to find out what work has been done by Islamic banks in the city of Binjai, and the extent to which people in the city of Binjai feel the impact of Islamic banks, especially in the monetary sector. The problem Islamic banks see is that people are used to ordinary financial foundations that have served the financial needs of the local area. The issue that is often discussed is the difference in the understanding of premiums in ordinary banks and benefits in Islamic banking. The results of this study can be concluded that Islamic banks are still classified as having less role in the economy of the special community in the city of Binjai, this is caused by the lack of effectiveness in maximizing the programs that have been designed so that people are still not familiar with the products and benefits of Islamic banks. As for this research using a quantitative methodology. This methodology withdraws from mathematical information, which is remembered for logical types, into a special examination that looks to clarify the state of each factor under study and the relationship between these factors. The consequence of the review shows that in its use, it is very noticeable that the types of goods that connect money with clients are very diverse and fluctuate. From these important items it is still possible to develop a variety of different items. Islamic banks have various kinds of income from profit sharing, rent, administrative costs, benefits, and profit sharing such as Shadaka, Infaq and Zakat. Through these halal products, Islamic banks provide extraordinary benefits to their customers. The relationship between Islamic banks and the benefits felt by clients through the use of sharia agreements can be seen that financial instruments and the progress of monetary business practice using contract standards that rely on Islamic sharia.

Keywords: Role, Bank, Society, Customer, Sharia, Economy
Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Gaya Hidup dan Teman Sebaya terhadap Perilaku Keuangan Mahasiswa Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa
Authors: Rajagukguk Silvia Cresya , Sari  Pristin Prima
Published: February 2022

This research aims to examine the relationship between financial literacy, lifestyle and peers to student financial behavior and to find out the difference in financial literacy, lifestyle and peers to the financial behavior of students majoring in management of the faculty of economics. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research and primary data with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The sample used amounted to 67 students consisting of students majoring in the department of economics faculty of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University, this study used judgement sampling. This study shows financial literacy has a significant effect on student financial behavior, lifestyle has a significant effect on student financial behavior, peers have a significant effect on student financial behavior and financial literacy, lifestyle and peers have a significant effect on student financial behavior. In conclusion, if the financial literacy of students majoring in management is good then they can manage or manage finances well so that they are free from high lifestyle and not affected by negative things from peers.

Keywords: Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, Peers, Financial Behavior
Pemberdayaan Motorik Kasar Anak Melalui Senam Anak Sholeh di RA Nurul Washilah Simpang Marbau Kecamatan NA IX.X
Authors: Khairani Khairani  , Berutu Eva Khoirani  
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the movements performed in pious children's gymnastics in order to develop children's gross motor skills. Knowing the implementation of pious children's gymnastics. To find out how the teacher trains the correct gross motor movements in pious children's gymnastics at RA Nurul Washilah, Simpang Merbau Village, Na IX.X District. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection procedure is by using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the study, the movements carried out in pious children's gymnastics to develop gross motor skills for RA Nurul Washilah's children, Simpang Merbau Village, Na IX.X District, were jumping, running, walking, tiptoeing, moving the whole body, hands and feet. In addition to the movement that is useful for developing gross motor skills, this pious child's gymnastics is also full of Islamic values, both in poetry and in movements. Therefore, RA Nurul Washilah chose this exercise among other children's gymnastics. The implementation of pious children's gymnastics at RA Nurul Washilah, Simpang Merbau Village, Na IX District. carried out since 2018. They realize it every Friday and Saturday, because other days iqra' activities are carried out. As for the steps for implementing pious children's gymnastics, at the initial stage the teacher prepares gymnastic equipment such as tape and gymnastic music. Then prepare a line of children. Giving direction and motivating the children. Next, a gymnastics was held where some of the teachers became instructors in front of the children. The way the teacher trains the correct gross motor movements in pious children's gymnastics at RA Nurul Washilah, Simpang Merbau Village, Na IX.X District is by exemplifying the movements of jumping, walking and running. The teacher also adjusts the position of the child, so that the child's movements can run well. Initially, some children could not do gymnastics well, where the movements made by children were still stiff, there were also children who did gymnastics movements just carelessly and still wanted to play. And the teacher is aware of this, therefore the teacher also teaches gymnastics for pious children in class. And the results are visible during the three months of the research, where the movements of children in pious children's gymnastics are getting better.

 Keywords: Gross Motor, Sholeh Anak Children's Gymnastics
Analisis Aspek Pemasaran Dalam Studi Kelayakan Bisnis
Authors: Rofa Iir Tsamrotur , Meilani Ade Rizki , Hasibu Nur Mija an , Nasution Ahmad Kurnia , Suhairi Suhairi
Published: February 2022

Composing this article plans to decide the possibility of business in business in Indonesia. For this situation the creator utilizes an attainability examination through investigation of market and advertising angles. furthermore the outcomes acquired in the part of appropriate showcasing, specifically with excellent items, great unrefined components at reasonable costs so it will goodly affect business clients, in particular all individuals of the local area can get it. furthermore advancements, as we realize that the limited time job that business clients give is to the point of making customers know what items are being sold.

Keywords: Feasibility Study of Business, Market, and Marketing Aspect
Pasar Uang Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Batubara Maryam , Silalahi  Purnama Ramadani , Al Fazri Muhammad , Monica Aulia , Sakinah Sakinah
Published: February 2022

The money market is a gathering place between parties who have excess assets and individuals who experience a lack of assets, the system is by exchanging temporary assets into certain assets with developments in less than one year. In the money market, the application actually involves revenue to create profit. Therefore, progress is needed in the exchange of currency markets using the Qur'an and Hadith as a premise. Also currently there is a sharia money market and has received the legitimacy of the National Sharia Council (DSN) fatwa No. 37 concerning the interbank money market with sharia standards as an answer to the need for exchange rates, especially for Muslim community groups.

Keywords: Money market, Islamic money market, DSN-MUI fatwa.
Analisis Resiko Bisnis
Authors: Hotdiana H. Fitri , Yani Ary Ahmad , Putri Mulyani , Suhairi Suhairi
Published: February 2022

Perfect understanding of risk, can turn risk into opportunity. no exception in the global business / business, conditions filled with uncertainty can affect the success of a business. Strategic and tactical decisions designed by management that initially aim to realize the company's vision and mission, if they do not take into account the risks that may exist, may result in these decisions resulting in the achievement of the company's vision and mission not being achieved. Risk management is better known as Risk Management. there are three crucial terms in risk management, namely identification, measurement and risk mapping. 3 risk criteria that are likely to be faced by the company, namely Financial Risk, Operational Risk, and Externalization Risk. Risk management is the design of mechanisms and implementation of procedures to manage a business risk. Where not infrequently the decisions taken are not looking at the magnitude of the risk that will occur but rather looking at the amount of profit that will be received. This is because humans have an ambitious nature to achieve high profits and want to quickly leave the difficult period, including financial difficulties. The current era is the era of consumerism.This research is a research that aims to determine the business risks and their functions applied to the company, knowing the stages of risk management and how to anticipate business risks that occur in the company. Business risk means the company's vulnerability to factors that can reduce its benefits or cause the company to fail. By implementing risk management in the company, it will provide great benefits for the company in managing its company. Several stages in carrying out risk management are: identification of risk, identifying forms of risk, placing risk measures, placing alternatives, analyzing every other way, determining one other way, implementing the chosen alternative, controlling the chosen alternative, evaluating the chosen alternative path.

 Keywords: Business Risk Management, Financial Risk
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN VALUES, SANCTIONS AND NORMS
Authors: DEMİR Ali
Published: February 2022

When a person crosses a road without a pedestrian crossing, he or she commits a criminal offense. Admittedly, there is hardly an adult in the world who has not committed this act. But these people are very likely to be punished more in Switzerland, for example, than in Turkey. Without any doubt, these divergent practices can be explained by the cultural background, value system and infrastructure in these countries. First question is what does this observation and explanation say about the norms, everyday practices, habits and laws in general? The related question is, how is it that in everyday life we follow informal habits and cultural-religious obligations at least as much as formal laws? That there is a difference between them is usually not consciously perceived. At the same time, independent of the actors’ conscious perception of their difference, they influence, indeed determine the way in which action is taken, thought about, and how the facts and concepts that present themselves are evaluated in the respective situations. Consequently, the third question is what are values and, related to this, in what they differ from norms. To answer these questions, a methodological distinction is made between sociology and philosophy. This differentiation allows on the one hand to look at norms and values from their genealogy and on the other hand to subject one’s own orientations to a critical examination in the light of certain principles and these not only in everyday life, but also in science.
SISTEMAS ELEITORAL E PARTIDÁRIO NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DA MINIREFORMA POLÍTICA DE 2017
Authors: Marcilio Teixeira Rodolfo
Published: February 2022

Este artigo faz um breve balanço do debate sobre a Minirreforma Política de 2017. Ele apresenta uma breve análise do sistema político brasileiro a partir de considerações feitas pela academia. Também trata do dilema entre representação e governabilidade, assim como da discussão teórica a respeito do dilema do financiamento político. Procurou-se argumentar que as mudanças que foram promovidas pela Minirreforma Eleitoral: i) não atacam os problemas essenciais do sistema político; ii) reforça ainda mais o processo de oligarquizarão das legendas, aproximando-as de seu principal financiador (o Estado) e distanciando-as ainda mais da sociedade civil organizada e do eleitor. Conclui-se, portanto, que a Minirreforma Política, não contribuí significativamente para o avanço em direção a um sistema mais transparente, saudável e dinâmica. Ao contrário, a elite política concentrou-se em manter as regras do jogo que lhes beneficiam e conduzir as mudanças de forma a aumentar suas próprias vantagens comparativas.
DIREITOS HUMANOS, CIDADANIA E ESTADO MEDIANTE A GLOBALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Aniagoa Kifordu Henry
Published: February 2022

O trabalho visa examinar os possíveis nexos entre os direitos humanos (com a cidadania) e o Estado mediante o ímpeto crescente da globalização. Enquanto a maioria dos estudos foca a relação natural entre a globalização e o crescimento econômico, esse trabalho diverge-se e inclina-se atenção teórica e analítica no enriquecimento da literatura sobre os efeitos da globalização na sustentação e promoção dos direitos humanos e cidadania constitutiva. Indaga-se: de que forma a globalização restringe a capacidade soberana do Estado na sustentação e promoção dos direitos humanos com a cidadania, em especial nos países em desenvolvimento como Brasil? Parte-se da conjectura de que a globalização, norteada pelo neoliberalismo e reforçada institucionalmente pelo Consenso de Washington, tem atuado no sentido de erodir ou, ao menos, conter a capacidade soberana do Estado para proteger e promover os direitos fundamentais, inclusive, os tocantes à cidadania. As observações, tanto em nível teórico - analítico quanto experiencial, atestam para a fragilidade e passividade do Estado mediante o ímpeto globalizante. Salvo as condutas idiossincráticas das elites governantes, os direitos humanos junto com a cidadania estão sendo sufocados devido à constrição da soberania do Estado, por sua vez, provocada pela ‘avalanche’ globalizante.
Racisme
Authors: Cognet Marguerite , Rabaud Aude
Published: February 2022

Le racisme est un phénomène à géométrie variable, une réalité complexe et multiforme. Les tentatives de définition de cette notion ne sont pas consensuelles. Plusieurs questions font débat : Comment s’exprime le racisme et quelles formes prend-il ? Sur quoi s’ancre le racisme ? De quoi parle-t-on quand on énonce l’existence d’un « racisme sans race » ? Comment les sciences sociales ont elles tenté de décrire ce phénomène, de l’expliquer ?
Industry-wise Dispersion of Investment Returns in Indian CPSEs: Experiential Confirmation on Aggregation
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Aithal P. S.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The CPSEs play a vital role in the economic structure of the country by supplying necessary products and services. To sustain in the long run, it is essential to earn a reasonable amount of profit on a consistent basis. Thus, the higher the dispersion in investment returns, the higher is the risk and vice-versa. In this perspective, an industry-wise dispersion of investment returns in Indian CPSEs are carried out from 2010-11 to 2019-20.
Design/Methodology/Approach: To fulfill the research objectives of the study, secondary data is used. Dispersion is calculated for the investment ratios by coefficient of variation. Furthermore, paired ‘t’ test is applied to locate any significant transform in the average dispersion of investment returns of all the selected industries taken together. One-way ANOVA is also applied to measure variation in investment returns among the selected industries.
Findings/Result: The study results reveal that the rate of fluctuation in investment returns has varied extensively among the industries. Moreover, most of the selected industries in the 1st sub-period have shown better consistency in investment returns as compared to the 2nd sub-period. Further, significant differences are observed in investment returns among the selected industries, which implies that investment returns in each selected industry has a significant bearing on the aggregate investment returns of the CPSEs.
Originality/Value: To recognize the rate of dispersal in investment returns generated by the CPSEs.
Paper Type: Empirical Research.
Freeway Roadside Management: The Urban Forest Beyond the White Line
Authors: Wolf Kathleen
Published: February 2022

A national survey was conducted in the United States to learn more about public preferences and perceptions regarding forest and vegetation planning and management in urban freeway roadsides. In response to images depicting a visual continuum of landscape management treatments, drivers most preferred settings having tree plantings that screen adjacent commercial land uses. Preference results suggest solutions for landscape practices that create visual quality for drivers and provide visibility for commercial properties adjacent to freeway roadsides. The research also investigated public attitudes about roadside functions, uses, and public willingness to support roadside management expenditures. Increasingly, transportation agencies are designing urban roadside landscapes to achieve multiple objectives and perform multiple functions. This research offers insights on how to incorporate urban forestry into the planning and management of high-speed urban transportation corridors.
Landscape Tree Cultivar Preferences in Iowa, U.S.
Authors: Iles Jeffery , Vold Anna
Published: February 2022

A survey questionnaire was mailed to all 142 active members of the Iowa Nursery and Landscape Association to characterize landscape tree cultivar preferences among green-industry professionals and their clients. Respondents identified Acer rubrum 'Franksred' (Red Sunset® red maple), Acer saccharum 'Green Mountain' (sugar maple), Acer platanoides 'Pond' (Emerald LustreÔ Norway maple), Acer ´ freemanii 'Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze® Freeman maple), Fraxinus americana 'Junginger' (Autumn Purple® white ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore' (green ash), Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis 'Skycole' (Skyline® honeylocust), Tilia americana 'Redmond' (American linden), and Tilia cordata 'PNI 6025' (Greenspire® littleleaf linden) as the best-selling cultivars within nine species of trees. Betula nigra 'Cully' (Heritage® river birch) and Malus 'Prairifire' (crabapple) were identified as the best-selling cultivars in their respective genera. Considering all landscape trees sold in Iowa, our respondents identified Acer ´ freemanii 'Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze® Freeman maple) as the overall best-selling selection. Overuse of these popular selections, however, could be problematic should any prove susceptible to serious, health-threatening insects, diseases, or abiotic disorders.
Crown Encroachment on Southern Live Oaks in Suburban settings: Tree Status and Homeowner Concerns
Authors: Templeton Mark , Putz Francis
Published: February 2022

We recorded the status of the crowns of 50 southern live oaks (Quercus virginiana) in each of four suburban neighborhoods in Gainesville, Florida, U.S. We focused on the extent to which the crowns of formerly open-grown live oaks were encroached on by other trees. Once the crowns of live oak trees develop their characteristic open-grown form, they are very susceptible to trees overtopping them from the side or even piercing up through their crowns from below. Unfortunately, severely shaded mature live oaks seldom recover, even if the encroaching tree crowns are removed. Few (7.5%) of the live oaks surveyed were not crowded. On the basis of stem growth rates and stem-crown diameter relations of the principal encroaching species, we predict that unless the encroached live oaks are provided with space to grow, approximately half of them will succumb to crowding within the next 5 to 13 years, depending on the neighborhood. Although the 23 homeowners surveyed valued their live oaks highly (mean assigned value $6,887), only about half said that they plan to provide them growing room even after they were informed of the encroachment threat.
Effects of Chilling and Heat on Growth ofGinkgo bilobaL.
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey C. , Altland James E. , Sibley Jeff L. , Tilt Ken M. , Foshee Wheeler G.
Published: February 2022

The effects of chilling on growth and development of ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo bilobaL.) seedlings were evaluated in a study initiated on February 1, 1999, and terminated on September 10, 2002. Thirteen levels of chilling were applied to trees in increments of 100 hours, with 12 replications per treatment. Increased chilling led to a decreased heat unit requirement, resulting in greater overall growth and development. Within the group of trees receiving the same treatment for three consecutive years, trees receiving 1,100 chill hours had greater caliper, terminal shoot extension, and total plant height. In this same group, greater limb structure was obtained from trees receiving 600 chill hours. Chilling was a determinate factor in growth and development.
A 10-Year Evaluation of the Performance of Four Elm Cultivars in California, U.S.
Authors: Costello L.R. , Scott S.R. , Drake C.M.
Published: February 2022

In 1992, three elm (Ulmus spp.) cultivars reported to have tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED) were planted in a field plot in Atherton, California, U.S. Cultivars included 'Prospector', 'Frontier', and 'American Liberty'. A fourth cultivar, 'Valley Forge', was added to the plot in 1999. American elms grown from seed were planted as controls. In the 10-year period from 1992 to 2002, tree height and trunk diameter were measured annually, and inspections for DED infections, elm leaf beetle activity, and other pests were conducted. In August 2003, one 'American Liberty' was found to be infected with DED. This is the only tree that has shown infection symptoms since the beginning of the study. Elm leaf beetle activity was highest in 1993 and 1994, causing substantial injury to 'American Liberty', 'Frontier', and controls. 'Prospector' sustained little injury. Other pest activity has been slight in most years. In 2002, 'Frontier', 'American Liberty', and controls were found to have equivalent trunk diameter growth, and all were significantly larger than 'Prospector'. After 10 years, 'Frontier' was tallest [11.3 m (37 ft)], 'Prospector' was shortest [6.9 m (23 ft)], and 'American Liberty' and controls were in between [9.6 and 10.3 m (32 and 34 ft), respectively]. 'Valley Forge' was monitored for 3 years and then removed from the study because of poor structure.
Urban Forestry in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Johnston Mark , Shimada Lia
Published: February 2022

The increasingly multicultural character of modern urban society creates challenges and opportunities for the urban forester. For the urban forestry strategy to respond effectively to contemporary social issues, it must include policies and programs that promote social inclusion and the involvement of disadvantaged ethnic communities. This can be accomplished through a distinct community strategy. Although the fundamental principles of community involvement still apply, their application needs to reflect the multicultural diversity of the individual city or neighborhood. The education, consultation, and participation elements of the community strategy are delivered through a wide range of events and activities specifically designed to promote social inclusion and the engagement of ethnic communities.
Community Forestry in Missouri, U.S.: Attitudes and Knowledge of Local Officials
Authors: Treiman Thomas , Gartner Justine
Published: February 2022

A survey was employed to help understand the knowledge, motivation, and behavior of those responsible for tree care in 602 Missouri, U.S., communities. Our goal was to characterize the local agencies charged with managing urban trees, their budgets and personnel, and to determine which issues local officials responsible for managing publicly owned trees found to be most pressing. This information is used to evaluate the state's community forestry program, which is designed to coordinate and facilitate the efforts made by many jurisdictions and entities that own and affect community forests. Survey findings indicate that most communities lack basic information on tree care and do not employ anyone specifically to care for the community's trees. Responsibility for tree care can be in any number of departments (or none). Agencies working with communities will need to target basic training and information. Information on how to diversify funding and secure more stable sources of income will prove valuable because many communities budget zero dollars for tree care. Cost-share dollars should also be targeted with an emphasis on increasing participation among smaller communities. Interest in tree preservation during development is high in most communities, underlining the need to provide information on development principles that preserve or maximize greenspace.
Wire Baskets-Current Products and Their Handling at Planting
Authors: Appleton Bonnie , Floyd Scharlene
Published: February 2022

When field-dug, balled-and-burlapped trees are planted to the landscape, several options exist relative to wire basket modification or alteration. New wire basket alteration research has been initiated due to considerable controversy that surrounds some of the alteration options, and to limited prior research specifically addressing this issue. To guide this research, and to determine what currently occurs in the tree care industry, surveys of manufacturers of wire baskets, and of landscape contractors and arborists who plant trees, were conducted. Summaries of those surveys are presented.
Introduction and Cultivation of Chinese Hemlock(Tsuga chinensis)and its Resistance to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid(Adelges tsugae)
Authors: Tredici Peter Del , Kitajima Alice
Published: February 2022

Chinese hemlock (Tsuga chinensis) is native to mountainous regions in eastern, central, and southwestern China. Interest in the species has recently increased because of its potential resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae), an introduced insect that has been killing eastern hemlock (T. canadensis) in the eastern portions of its range since the 1980s. Despite the fact that Chinese hemlock was introduced into cultivation in 1901, its environmental tolerances are still largely unknown. This study reports on the performance of Chinese hemlock seedlings planted within a native stand of eastern hemlock (T. canadensis) at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., that was heavily infested with HWA. In comparison with a control group of eastern hemlock, Chinese hemlock seedlings were completely resistant to HWA damage after 4 years of exposure. The results of our investigation indicate thatT. chinensisis fully hardy in USDA zone 6 and is a suitable replacement forT. canadensisin landscape situations because of its rapid growth rate, tolerance of shade, and resistance to HWA.
Effects of Amendments, Soil Additives, and Irrigation On Tree Survival and Growth
Authors: Gilman Edward F.
Published: February 2022

During the first and second year after transplanting into good soil, there was no apparent benefit from adding amendments to the backfill soil around newly planted 5 cm (2 in.) caliper live oaks (Quercus virginianaMill.), nor was there a benefit from applying liquid additives over the root ball. Top growth in the first 2 years after planting was not enhanced on trees with amendments added to the backfill soil compared to the control. In the first growing season following planting, trees irrigated frequently (3 times per week for 38 weeks) grew about twice as fast as those irrigated only during the first 3 months after planting. There was no lingering effect of irrigation on top growth rates once irrigation ceased. Trunk diameter and height growth on trees treated with paclobutrazol (Profile™ 2SC) was less than on trees in all other treatments due to the growth-regulating effect of paclobutrazol. Root growth in the backfill soil was not affected by soil amendments added to the backfill soil at planting and was not affected by irrigation after planting in 5 of the 7 treatments.
Sugar Feeding Enhances Root Vigor of Young Trees Following Containerization
Authors: Percival Glynn C.
Published: February 2022

The influence of sugar (sucrose) applied as a root drench at 25, 50, or 70 g (0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 oz) per liter of water on root and shoot vigor, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, and chlorophyll content in silver birch (Betula pendula), red oak (Quercus rubra), cherry, (Prunus avium), and rowan, (Sorbus aucuparia) was investigated. In silver birch, cherry, and red oak, applications of sugar ≤ 50 g (1.8 oz) per liter of water significantly enhanced root vigor (root length, number of new roots formed, root dry weight) by week 12. Applications of sugar at 70 g (2.7 oz) per liter of water had no significant effect on root vigor except in silver birch where root dry weight at the cessation of the experiment was significantly improved. Irrespective of species, no significant effects on tree vitality as measured by leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, and chlorophyll concentrations were recorded. Effects on shoot growth were variable with a significant enhancement recorded in some, but not all, of the test species. Results indicate application of sugars as a soil drench may be able to aid in the establishment of newly planted trees by improving root vigor post transplanting.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS CIDADÃOS SOBRE O CARÁTER REGRESSIVO DA ESTRUTURA TRIBUTÁRIA BRASILEIRA: O CASO DA REGIÃO FUNCIONAL 7 DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL / Citizens perception of the regressive character of brazilian tax structure: the case of functional region 7 of Rio Grande do Sul State
Authors: Benso Aline , Mueller Airton Adelar , Allebrandt Sérgio Luís
Published: February 2022

Este artigo mostra a percepção da classe média sobre o sistema tributário brasileiro a partir de um estudo exploratório, que consistiu na elaboração e aplicação de um questionário com 30 perguntas, organizado em quatro blocos: i) perfil socioeconômico; ii) opinião sobre a estrutura tributária brasileira; iii) informações sobre meios de comunicação mais utilizados e qualidades atribuídas às informações; iv) participação em associações da sociedade civil organizada e comportamento político.  A população do estudo foram os eleitores cadastrados nos 77 municípios pertencentes à Região Funcional de Planejamento 7 (RFP7) do Rio Grande do Sul, dentre os quais 209 responderam ao questionário, que foi disponibilizado em plataformas digitais entre os dias 15 de maio e 3 de junho de 2020. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que na percepção dos entrevistados, a maioria de classe média, uma mudança na atual estrutura tributária brasileira requer desonerar o consumo, aumentar a taxação sobre os milionários e bilionários e intensificar o combate à sonegação. ABSTRACT: In order to get to know the perception of the citizens of RF7, Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil, about the regressive nature of the Brazilian tax structure, a survey was carried out among registered voters in the 77 municipalities belonging to the region, among which 209 responded to a questionnaire that was made available online. The regional issue presented in this study is part of the Cepal Furtadian thinking, due to the understanding that the interregional disparities caused by the regression of the tax structure can be mitigated to meet the interests of citizens, which requires participation, citizenship and creation of consensus on what is good for society in a certain period of history.
Water Resources Availability and Demand in Brazil / Disponibilidade e demanda de recursos hídricos no Brasil
Authors: Pasqualetto Antonio , Pasqualetto Alan Gabriel Natã , Pasqualetto Thales Luan Lucas , Mendes Thiago Augusto
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work is to analyze the availability and uses of water in Brazil, ensuring a balance between supply and demand for the necessary activities. A comprehensive review of the subject was carried out and water availability and demand data were collected. The scenario of water availability on demand in Brazil, between 1931 and 2030, was outlined, carrying out a diagnosis of the main demands for activities and needs. Twelve municipalities were selected, and their data were analyzed and compared by activity and region. The results showed that the supply and demand for water in Brazil varies significantly by regions and developed activities. Several projects, such as new management tools, have been developed to improve the management of water resources. However, problems such as political negligence and the lack of sensitivity of some parts of the population are challenges to improve the efficiency of water use.Resumo: Objetiva-se neste trabalho analisar a disponibilidade e usos da água no Brasil, garantindo equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda às atividades necessárias. Uma ampla revisão sobre o assunto foi realizada e dados de disponibilidade e demanda por água foram coletados. O cenário de disponibilidade de água por demanda no Brasil, entre 1931 e 2030, foi traçado, realizando um diagnóstico das principais demandas por atividades e necessidades. Doze municípios foram selecionados e seus dados foram analisados e comparados por atividade e região. Os resultados demonstraram que a oferta e demanda por água no Brasil varia significativamente por regiões e atividades desenvolvidas. Vários projetos e leis, como novas ferramentas de gestão, têm se desenvolvido para melhorar o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos. Porém, problemas como a negligência política e a falta de sensibilidade de algumas partes da população são desafios para melhorar a eficiência no uso da água.
PROGRAMA EMPREENDER E INOVAR E SUA ATUAÇÃO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL NO CONTEXTO DA PECUÁRIA LEITEIRA / THE ENTREPRENEUR AND INNOVATION PROGRAM AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF LIVESTOCK
Authors: Cardoso Matheus Moraes , Gomes Vanessa Cabral , Gaban Filippi Amanda Cristina
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a atuação do programa Empreender e Inovar na profissionalização de uma propriedade de leite do Distrito Federal. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, sendo utilizado o estudo de caso como plataforma para a sua execução. Como método de coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, além da pesquisa documental. Os principais resultados demonstram a importância do programa Empreender e Inovar na promoção do desenvolvimento e profissionalização das propriedades rurais. O programa apóia os produtores rurais, na tomada de decisão e nas áreas administrativas, contábil e jurídica, além de ter como diferencial a proximidade junto ao produtor rural, acompanhamento dos técnicos junto ao produtor, e, facilidade com a metodologia de entendimento e aplicação. Por fim, é possível perceber a importância dos programas governamentais para assistencialismo e extensão rural, assegurando a perpetuação de famílias na atividade rural e gestão do empreendimento. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to understand the performance of the Entrepreneur and Innovate Program in the professionalization of a dairy farm in the Federal District and discuss the participation of a dairy farm in the program. In this sense, the present research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, using the case study for its execution. As a method of data collection, semi-structured interviews were used, in addition to documentary research. The main results demonstrate the importance of the Entrepreneur and Innovate program in promoting the development and professionalization of rural properties. The program supports rural producers in decision-making and in the administrative, accounting and legal areas, in addition to having a proximity to the rural producer, monitoring of technicians, and ease with the methodology of understanding and application. Finally, it is possible to realize the importance of government programs for technical assistance and rural extension, ensuring the permanence of families in rural activity and management of the enterprise.
INDICADORES DE SUBDESARROLLO REGIONAL: UNA APLICACIÓN PARA COLOMBIA.
Authors: Avila-Quiñones Cristian Orlando , Sanabria-Gómez Segundo Abrahán , Marques de Oliveira Nilton
Published: February 2022

Este artículo analiza indicadores de base económica en las regiones de Colombia. La teoría de la base económica explica las relaciones interregionales que engloban el flujo de bienes, personas y servicios, además de evaluar los impactos relevantes de estos flujos entre las regiones y la economía de referencia. Como procedimientos metodológicos, se utilizaron indicadores de análisis regional (Cociente de Localización-CL y el Coeficiente de Asociación Geográfica – CAG) y la estimación del multiplicador de empleo, señalando como resultados las ramas de actividad más especializadas (denominadas actividades básicas) en todas las regiones colombianas analizadas. Los resultados de los CL y los CAG obtenidos reflejan que la economía de las regiones colombianas continúa dependiendo de tres actividades básicas: una actividad primaria (Agricultura); una secundaria (Construcción) y una terciaria (Comercio).  Se observo que, aunque la región Amazónica se encuentra entre las 3 regiones que tienen más actividades básicas, con 6 de 10, es la región con la menor proporción de empleos básicos totales y, por tanto, la más débil en la generación de empleos no básicos con el 4,6 y 4,7 en 2012 y 2018, respectivamente. Mientras que cada empleo básico en la región Andina estimula la generación de aproximadamente 27 puestos de trabajo en el sector no básico.
Smart Hospital Chatbot-Virtual Doctor Consultation and Appointment
Authors: Vijay Ingawale  , Dinesh Bartakke  , Shrikant Virkar  , Sagar Chavan  , Prof. Manisha Navale
Published: February 2022

Healthcare services face a huge challenge of supply-and-demand which you can fix when we create a digital platform. In the traditional healthcare system, patients would go to the hospitals, and they always have to wait for appointments and medical reports. Also, conversation between doctors and patients about their health status and daily lives is not fully remembered by the doctor as well as patients. So, to improve the doctor-patient interaction, we will design and implement a machine learning framework that contains a chatbot, voice transcription and other functionalities. The proposed Medical Chatbot can interact with the users, giving them a realistic experience of chatting with a medical Professional. Our motive is to show that the proposed medical chatbot could be a better alternative to many already existing chatbots in the domain of medicine. An Al enabled conversational UX can deliver personalized experiences to your patients for identifying the illness, scheduling doctor appointments, notifying caregivers about symptoms, monitoring the health status, updating the homecare assistant from time-to time and more. Also, the proposed system converts the voice to text first and then generates prescriptions automatically by extracting the keywords and provides the prescription in the desired format automatically. This system can also generate prescriptions efficiently with just the audio file of the conversation between the doctor and the patient through a phone call.
Direito internacional público no entreguerras (1919-39): a institucionalização dos projetos jurídicos de paz e manejo dos povos não soberanos
Authors: Ferreira Hugo Luís Pena
Published: February 2022

O direito internacional público não permaneceu o mesmo ao longo do tempo. O presente artigo focaliza a institucionalização como marca do direito internacional público no período compreendido entre as duas guerras mundiais (1919-39). O estudo enfatiza três processos de adensamento institucional: (i) a formação da concepção jurídica de segurança coletiva, embalada pelo idealismo wilsoniano, juridicamente fundamentada em tratado internacional e gerida pela Liga das Nações; (ii) a intensificação da criação de organizações internacionais e a postulação da jurisdição permanente e universal como modo superior de solução de controvérsias, que por sua vez estimulou a demanda por juristas internacionalistas para os quadros dos novos espaços criados e para a formação de novos jusinternacionalistas; e (iii) a conversão das relações metropolitanas com colônias e protetorados em uma formatação jurídica correspondente a um Sistema de Mandatos no bojo da Liga das Nações. A apresentação de referidas características permite perceber que o direito internacional público passou por transformações significativas no entreguerras. Nesse sentido, o estudo apresenta uma contribuição para a caracterização das singularidades do direito internacional nesse período. Assentada em bases bibliográficas, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como principais referenciais as contribuições de Martti Koskenniemi e Antony Anghie. Da abordagem proposta, emerge como argumento principal o aspecto de que a institucionalização do direito internacional público é a característica marcante do período. O adensamento institucional do direito internacional público não deve, no entanto, ser confundido com o sucesso do projeto jurídico como técnica de paz ou de emancipação de povos considerados não soberanos.
A interação entre os espaços constitucionais nacionais e internacionais e seus impactos no sistema de fontes do direito: as lições da proteção cooperativa de direitos humanos e o caso da integração europeia
Authors: Guimarães Diego Fernandes
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo trata dos efeitos do processo de abertura ao externo dos estados constitucionais, intensificado no pós-segunda guerra, sobre o sistema de fontes do Direito e o desafio que impõe à centralidade da constituição. Os seus objetivos são descrever e analisar criticamente algumas das fórmulas e mecanismos incidentes na relação entre ordenamentos nacionais e internacionais, na perspectiva dos direitos humanos fundamentais, através de uma abordagem dialética e de técnicas de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Constata-se que os sistemas internacionais de direitos humanos são incapazes de, legitimamente, garantir a unidade e a coerência dos sistemas jurídicos. As constituições nacionais, que se abrem ao externo, devem prever os mecanismos de articulação de ordenamentos jurídicos e o exame do direito constitucional comparado permite apontar fórmulas que se enquadram na incorporação textual de normas internacionais (com status constitucional ou infraconstitucional) ou na incorporação mediante a técnica de aplicação preferencial ou, ainda, nas fórmulas de abertura interpretativa e/ou integrativa do direito nacional. Como a globalização política e jurídica é um fenômeno irreversível, embora de intensidade variável, conclui-se que os constituintes precisam concentrar-se na adoção e reformulação daqueles mecanismos, com vistas ao reforço da centralidade da constituição, o que fica ainda mais premente quando se examina a experiência constitucional da integração europeia e os desafios que esta tem imposto aos pilares do estado constitucional naquele espaço.