bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
العلاقة بين بناء الدولة الحديثة وبناء المجتمع المدني في العراق بعد العام 2003
Authors: مرضي كرار
Published: October 2024

لقد كان من الاثار والانعكاسات الاساسية المهمة التي ترتبت على الدخول الامريكي للعراق عام 2003, هو تغير بنية ومعالم النظام السياسي وانتقال طبيعة الحكم فيه من نظام الحكم الشمولي الدكتاتورية الاستبدادي, الى نظام الحكم البرلماني التعددي الاتحادي الذي يتم تداول السلطة فيه على اساس سلمي, والذي يأخذ شرعيته من سلطة الشعب عبر انتخابات حرة ونزيه, ولقد كان من مكتسبات هذا التحول الديمقراطي الجديد هو العمل على تفعيل اليات وأسس المجتمع المدني بعد عام 2003 عبر دعم المؤسسات والمنظمات والقوى والتوجهات العاملة على مثل هذا الصعيد .
The Higher Calling: Regulation of Lawyers Post-Enron
Authors: Fisher Keith
Published: October 2024

This Article discusses some of the inadequacies in the current ethical regulation of the legal system and proposes a new approach to crafting and contextualizing rules of legal ethics. The proliferation of specialties and subspecialties in law practice, together with the inadequacies of prevailing ethics regulation and the vagaries of ethics rules formulations from state to state have not served either the public or the legal profession well. Manipulation, motivated by politics and self-interest, of the ideology of the organized bar to adhere to ethical rules predicated on an antiquated and unrealistic model of a unified legal profession has likewise been counterproductive. Emblematic of the problem is the "one size fits all" nature of the Rules of Professional Conduct and their ill-suitedness to business law, as opposed to litigation, practice, all of which leads to an atmosphere of indeterminacy in the ethical standards applicable to business lawyers. Part I of this article briefly traces the source and nature of the problems facing ethical regulation of the legal profession, briefly highlighting the practical shortcomings of some antidotes proposed by other scholars. Part II examines the various ethical scandals that have plagued the legal profession over the last 35 years. These scandals began with the National Student Marketing case and include the recent string of corporate scandals which brought to light the unethical behavior of corporate insiders, including lawyers and advisors, which ultimately resulted in the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Part III of this Article endeavors to synthesize some insights from public choice theory into the structural shortcomings of the existing attorney regulatory system. From those insights, one would expect state courts and state bar regulatory agencies to be (and, indeed, they have been) co-opted by the elite bar and not adequately regulating those lawyers in corporate and federal regulatory practice including especially those practice areas that affect public investors, public markets, and the economy as a whole. Part IV offers a critique of the current approach to attorney regulation, which has featured piecemeal attempts to federalize legal ethics. Part IV proceeds to illustrate the types of approaches to legal ethics which should be avoided. Finally, Part V concludes with a proposal for a partial federal regulation of legal ethics. The model of partial federal regulation offered is by no means the only, or necessarily the optimal, solution, but hopefully it will spark additional discourse that might lead to a workable system for providing business lawyers with the solid, thoughtful, and objective ethical guidance they need. Consistent with this proposal, Part V identifies and highlights a few areas of ethical concern specifically in need of regulatory attention.
Richmond National Battlefield Park: Geologic resources inventory report
Authors: Thornberry-Ehrlich Trista , Thornberry-Ehrlich Trista
Published: October 2024

Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2005 and a follow-up conference call in 2022. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic heritage, geologic history, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues of Richmond National Battlefield Park. Guidance for resource management and information about the previously completed GRI GIS data and poster (separate products) are also provided.
Hubungan Fasilitas Belajar dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Motivasi Belajar Online pada Siswa Asisten Keperawatan
Authors: Yuliani Indah , Gunardi Saiful , Susaldi
Published: October 2024

Setiap orang memiliki tingkat kemauan atau motivasi yang berbeda, memiliki alasan yang berkaitan langsung dengan suatu kebutuhan orang tersebut untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Artinya, makin besar suatu kebutuhan seseorang maka akan semakin besar pula dorongan/kemauan dari dalam diri seseorang guna melakukan apa yang di inginkannya. Motivasi belajar sangatlah penting untuk mengukur ketertarikan para siswa dalam memilih suatu tempat belajar yang diharapkan sesuai dengan minatnya. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan bahwa terdapat 6 dari 10 siswa yang mengungkapkan bahwa kurang termotivasi dalam belajar karena fasilitas belajar dan dukungan keluarga yang kurang mendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fasilitas dan dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi belajar online siswa Asisten Keperawatan SMK Mitra Bakti Husada Bekasi, dengan populasi berjumlah 113 siswa dan sampel berjumlah 54 siswa yang dihitung menggunakan rumus slovin. Penelitian  dilakukan  dengan  pendekatan  analitik  kuantitatif  dengan  desain  studi crosssectional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara fasilitas belajar dengan motivasi belajar online siswa dengan p value 0,035 dan adanya hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi belajar online siswa dengan p value 0,003. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara fasilitas belajar dan dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi belajar online siswa.
Perbandingan Efektivitas RJP Mekanik dan Manual Terhadap Kejadian Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) pada Pasien Henti Jantung
Authors: Jumari  , Suratinah  , Fauzi Achmad , Ratnawati  , Pratama Eka Firmansyah
Published: October 2024

Henti jantung atau cardiac arrest merupakan kondisi dimana sirkulasi darah normal berhenti secara mendadak yang ditandai dengan menghilangnya tekanan darah arteri. Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) merupakan suatu tindakan yang terdiri dari pemberian kompresi dada dan bantuan nafas dengan tujuan untuk mengembalikan dan mempertahankan fungsi organ vital pada korban henti jantung dan henti nafas. Kembali dan bertahannya fungsi organ vital pada korban henti jantung yang diberikan tindakan RJP ditandai dengan terjadinya Return of Spontaneus Circulation (ROSC). Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis perbandingan efektivitas RJP mekanik dengan manual terhadap kejadian Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) pada pasienhhenti jantung. Metode Penelitian: penelitian retrospektif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-whitney Test. Hasil sampel membandingkan efektifitas RJP mekanik dan RJP manual terhadap kejadian ROSC didapatkan nilai Sign.(2-tailed) RJP mekanik sebesar 0,001 lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai Sign.(2-tailed) RJP manual sebesar 0.043 dengan taraf signifikansi < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa RJP mekanik lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan RJP manual terhadap kejadian Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) pada pasien henti jantung.
Founder of the Donetsk school of mechanics: on the 100th anniversary of Pavel Kharlamov’s birth
Authors: Kononov Yuriy , Shcherbak Volodymyr , Zuyev Alexander
Published: October 2024

This paper is devoted to the 100th anniversary of Pavel Vasilievich Kharlamov, known as the founder of the Donetsk School of Analytical Mechanics. We present the main stages of his biography along with information on his research and educational activities. We also provide a brief survey of Kharlamov’s principal contributions to rigid body dynamics, the foundations of mechanics, and mathematical problems of mechanics.
Salda-Yeşilova Survey: The Necropolis of Takina in the Context of Digital Epigraphy and New Inscriptions Found During the Survey
Authors: Kileci Şenkal
Published: October 2024

This article presents the epigraphic results of surveys carried out in the Yeşilova district of Burdur province as part of the Salda – Yeşilova Surveys in 2022. In this context, the evaluation focuses on old and new epigraphic materials discovered in the centre of Yeşilova, particularly in the village of Yarışlı. This study presents a digital and photogrammetric analysis of the research carried out in the village of Yarışlı since the 1800s by various researchers, including J. Arundell, A. H. Smith, W. M Ramsay, G. E. Bean, G. Labarre, M. Özsait, and N. Özsait. The focus is on the necropolis of Takina and Yeşilova. The inscriptions on chamosorions and sarcophagi in the Takina necropolis have been scanned using the photogrammetric method in order to check their legibility. After the traditional methods of reading, the images obtained from the sarcophagi scanned by technological methods were compared with the results of previous researchers. As a result, two inscriptions in the Takina necropolis were enhanced and corrected. In addition, two new inscriptions were discovered in the area, one of which is well preserved. Outside this area, three new inscriptions were discovered, one a fragment of a tomb, one a table and crater offering to the god Men, and one an offering to Dionysus.
Eye-tracking analysis of attentional disengagement in phobic and non-phobic individuals
Authors: Saalwirth Christina , Stefani Maximilian , Sauter Marian , Mack Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

This study investigated threat-related attention biases using a new visual search paradigm with eye tracking, which allows for measuring attentional disengagement in isolation. This is crucial as previous studies have been unable to distinguish between engagement, disengagement, and behavioral freezing. Thirty-three participants (Mage = 28.75 years, SD = 8.98; 21 women) with self-reported specific phobia (spiders, snakes, and pointed objects) and their matched controls (Mage = 28.38 years, SD = 8.66; 21 women) took part in the experiment. The participants were instructed to initially focus on a picture in the center of the screen, then search for a target picture in an outer circle consisting of six images, and respond via a button press whether the object in the target picture was oriented to the left or right. We found that phobic individuals show delayed disengagement and slower decision times compared with non-phobic individuals, regardless of whether the stimulus was threat-related or neutral. These results indicate that phobic individuals tend to exhibit poorer attentional control mechanisms and problems inhibiting irrelevant information. We also confirmed a threat-unrelated shared feature effect with complex stimuli (delayed disengagement when an attended stimulus and an unattended target share common stimulus features). This process might play a role in various experimental setups investigating attentional disengagement that has not yet been considered. These findings are important, as good attentional control may serve as a protective mechanism against anxiety disorders.
RANDOM THOUGHTS ON PHILOSOPHY AND LIFE
Authors: SOCRATES EBO
Published: October 2024

Life is a puzzle. Man is the only animal that is faced with this puzzle due to man’s capacity to reflect. As an animal that has the capacity to reflect, man is not just programmed to exist per existence. Man needs a purpose to live. He is the only animal that questions existence. He alone among animals is capable of suicide. Man, questions even his own existence. He is perennially seeking to understand the cosmos. He is not content to just exist; he seeks meaning. In the animal kingdom, only man can set a purpose higher than life. In the cosmos, only man can sacrifice his life on purpose. All these capabilities result from his ability to reflect. This innate ability to reflect makes every man, ontologically a philosopher. Although not everyman is a professional philosopher, there is no man without some sort of philosophy of life. There is no man without values or principles that guide his life. There is no man without deliberate goals or expectations about his life. So, to say, everyman has his own philosophy of life which he seeks to realize. This work is about meaning; it seeks the meaning of man’s existence in the cosmos. It highlights the critical role of philosophy in man’s quest to give meaning to his existence. This research is predominantly introspective.
ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF INSPIRED TEACHING AMONG EDUCATORS
Authors: AMRAM MIRI BEN , DAVIDOVITCH NITZA
Published: October 2024

The current study examined educators’ perceptions of figures who inspired them and shaped their educational outlook. The study was conducted according to the ecological model by Bronfenbrenner (1986), a holistic model that attributes changes in human behavior to leaders’ interactions and interrelations with their surroundings throughout their life. Interviews were conducted with 90 educators: school counselors, teachers, homeroom teachers, and principals. Qualitative analysis found that 72% of the educators were inspired them to engage in education and teaching by figures who were meaningful for them in their childhood. Of these, about 18% were influenced by a figure in their nuclear family and about 54% by teachers or principals. The figures who inspired educators shared several qualities: excellence, ethics, and emotional engagement. Concerning their own educational approach, about 69% of the educators emphasized shaping the student’s personality, 25% emphasized shaping the student as a mature citizen, and 6% emphasized shaping the school culture. The research findings indicate the importance of integrating inspiring figures in the teacher training process, as these will cause students of teaching to internalize the meaning of the teaching experience that accompanies one throughout one’s life.
GENDERED IMPLICATIONS AND SWAP OF ROLES IN THE ANGLOPHONE ARMED CONFLICT IN THE WESTERN GRASS FIELDS OF CAMEROON
Authors: ZAFINATU MAINIMO KONGNSO , CHRISTOPHER NDIKUM NSOH
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the changing socio-cultural and economic role of women and girls in the Grassfields as a result of the ongoing separatist armed conflict in the English speaking regions of the Republic of Cameroon. A case study research design and content analysis to analyze the data. The data is generated through primary and secondary sources. The study found that since the beginning of the conflict in 2016 several men have been killed and a good number forced to seek refuge in other regions of the country. Furthermore, that with the absence of men, especially in rural areas, women and girls carry traditionally male-dominated activities in the communities. According to the study, the grass fields of Cameroon is a strongly patriarchal society, where customs and traditions on social roles are strictly respected and conserved. So, the finding shows the Anglophone armed conflict has a destabilizing effect on gender dynamics in the western grass fields of Cameroon. In managing the conflict, the study commends an inclusive stakeholder merging approach to the shattering impact of the conflict on English speaking women in Cameroon.
MENTAL HEALTH AMIDST PANDEMIC: PREDICTOR OF ONLINE TEACHING STYLE AND READINESS AMONG EDUCATORS
Authors: S. DESEO ROMMEL SARJI , JOY D. TEAÑO MARY ELLAINE , R. DELOS REYES JOHN STEVEN , C. HAYAG SHAINE
Published: October 2024

The dramatic ingress of pandemic-imposed transition from traditional face-to-face to online class set-up had a massive impact on both students and educators. The study aimed to determine if mental health status predicts the online teaching styles and readiness of educators. A total number of 161 educators participated in a convenience sampling design to gather the data and three standardized questionnaires were utilized. The finding indicates that mental health status is a predictor of online teaching styles and readiness in online-based learning. Mental health of the educators plays a large role on their level of online teaching style and readiness. Recognizing the impact of the psychological well-being becomes essential in identifying the teaching style and readiness of educators.
SOUND PATTERNING OF PRE-TEENS IN ENGLISH WORDS - A COGNITIVE PROCESS
Authors: T. SHAFEEK
Published: October 2024

Teachers of English tend to believe learners of English as Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) generate “same phonological patterns’ during even taught English words. Evidences show they deviate from teacher- instructed patterns in their known English word articulations. This unrecognized act is speakers’ subconscious knowledge of phonological awareness. The sounds of all languages are patterned and organized in a way where some actions of sound patterning are results of cognitive process leading distorted processes. This paper presents Sound Pattern Processing (SPP) and it impacted deviated processes in utterances of two- forty (240) pre-teens students in select known English words. The complexity of phonological patterns in these words is studied from the perspectives of the theory of RCVP - Radical CV Phonology (Hulst, 2020), autosegmental (Goldsmith, 1976), and lexical phonology (Mohanan, 1982). The study is concerned with issues of phonological processes where preteen learners of English exhibit differences and variations in their independent English –word articulations.
Carbon Capture and Storage: a Conceptual Vision of Technology Chains’ Development in Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Khubiev K.A. , Titova N.I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rassadina A.K. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2024

The material presented to the readers contains an overview of the reports presented at the VIII Moscow Political Economic Congress named after A. V. Buzgalin (MPEC). It took place in Moscow on May 16–17, 2024 as part of the Moscow Academic Economic Forum (MAEF), with the support of the International Committee of the Free Economic Society of Russia, the International Union of Economists, the S. Yu. Witte Institute for New Industrial Development, Faculty of Economics in Lomonosov Moscow State University, the "Issues of Political Economy" journal, A. V. Buzgalin Institute of Socio-Economics in Moscow financial-legal University. The key issues of discussion were problems of the political economy nature as a theoretical branch of scientific knowledge and its current potential in the context of turbulent complication of the socio-economic picture of the world. Particular attention was paid to substantiation of the possibility of an effective and fair model of the socio-economic world order, into which the modern capitalist system should be transformed. There were alarming assessments related to Russia's deep technological lag behind the leading countries of world. The trend to knowledge-intensive nature of the modern economy with turn into a "knowledge economy" was depicted on the one hand, and accumulation of problems with the preparation of the creative factor of breakthrough development, on the other. A number of other major issues were highlighted, in particular: the state of productive forces at the world and national levels; the need to preserve one of the principles of modern university education – its fundamentality, which could be facilitated by renewed political economy, etc.
Countering Unfair Practices in the Financial Market as a Step in Establishing a Noonomic Financial Model
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Litvinenko A.N. , Sinegub T.N. ,   Leningrad Region Branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the current trends in the development of the financial system in the era of digital transformation in Russia, which determined the transition of financial players to online platforms and the progressive complication of the financial market infrastructure through the creation of new digital assets and financial resource circulation systems. The authors consider the problem of the spread of unfair behavior in financial markets as part of these trends. The tools for countering such behavior are analyzed in the context of creating a noonomic financial model. Innovative technologies – blockchain, artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics – which are aimed at detecting and preventing fraud and other unfair practices are analyzed as suggested counteraction tools. The authors relied on the idea of combining financial technologies with ethical, spiritual, moral and cultural principles and norms, suggesting the formation of a new model of behavior based on self-limitation of irrational needs. The development of this message consists in the fact that countering unfair practices in the financial market is proposed to be positioned as a necessary stage in the formation of a noonomic financial model. It is important to take into account another idea. The stage of transition to a noonomic financial model is not instantaneous, it will become so after the accumulation and materialization of necessary and sufficient conditions. One of the necessary conditions is the formation of a type of behavior of economic agents that corresponds to the cultural principles of the new financial model. And as part of such a transition, it is precisely the tools for countering unfair practices based on modern innovative technologies that are designed to minimize manifestations of irrational consumption and unfair behavior.
Advancement of the Technical and Technological Potential of the Economy and New Opportunities for Social Development
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Gulieva A.A.
Published: October 2024

It stands to reason that nowadays the ultimate goal of the economic policy of a modern state must be the increase in the well-being of the population. To achieve such a goal, a strong economic, and first of all, scientific and technical foundation is required. In turn, the state of this foundation depends on the current level of development and the dynamics of further advancement of technical and technological potential.
Proof of Two Multivariate $q$-Binomial Sums Arising in Gromov-Witten Theory
Authors:   Universit&, Krattenthaler Christian ,   #228,   t Wien, Austria
Published: October 2024

We prove two multivariate $q$-binomial identities conjectured by Bousseau, Brini and van Garrel [Geom. Topol. 28 (2024), 393-496, arXiv:2011.08830] which give generating series for Gromov-Witten invariants of two specific log Calabi-Yau surfaces. The key identity in all the proofs is Jackson's $q$-analogue of the Pfaff-Saalschütz summation formula from the theory of basic hypergeometric series.
Moving NS Punctures on Super Spheres
Authors:   Imperial College London, UK, Skliros Dimitri P.
Published: October 2024

One of the subtleties that has made superstring perturbation theory intricate at high string loop order is the fact that as shown by Donagi and Witten, supermoduli space is not holomorphically projected, nor is it holomorphically split. In recent years, Sen (further refined by Sen and Witten) has introduced the notion of vertical integration in moduli space. This enables one to build BRST-invariant and well-defined amplitudes by adding certain correction terms to the contributions associated to the traditional ''delta function'' gauge fixing for the worldsheet gravitino on local patches. The Sen and Witten approach is made possible due to there being no obstruction to a smooth splitting of supermoduli space, but it may not necessarily be the most convenient or natural solution to the problem. In particular, this approach does not determine what these corrections terms actually are from the outset. Instead, it shows that such correction terms in principle exist, and when included make all perturbative amplitudes well-defined. There may be situations however where one would like to instead have a well-defined and fully determined path integral at arbitrary string loop order from the outset. In this paper, I initiate an alternative (differential-geometric) approach that implements the fact that a smooth gauge slice for supermoduli space always exists. As a warmup, I focus specifically on super Riemann surfaces with the topology of a sphere in heterotic string theory, incorporating the corresponding super curvature locally, and introduce a new well-defined smooth gauge fixing that leads to a globally defined path integral measure that translates arbitrary fixed ($-1$) picture NS vertex operators (or handle operators) (that may or may not be offshell) to integrated (0) picture. I also provide some comments on the extension to arbitrary super Riemann surfaces.
Detection of High-frequency Pulsation in WR 135: Investigation of Stellar Wind Dynamics
Authors: Kar Subhajit , Das Ramkrishna , Mathew Blesson , Baug Tapas , Mandal Avijit
Published: October 2024

We report the detection of high-frequency pulsations in WR 135 from short-cadence (10 minute) optical photometric and spectroscopic time series surveys. The harmonics up to the sixth order are detected from the integrated photometric flux variations, while the comparatively weaker eighth harmonic is detected from the strengths of the emission lines. We investigate the driving source of the stratified winds of WR 135 using the radiative transfer modeling code, CMFGEN, and find the physical conditions that can explain the propagation of such pulsations. From our study, we find that the optically thick subsonic layers of the atmosphere are close to the Eddington limit and are launched by the Fe opacity. The outer optically thin supersonic winds (τ
ross = 0.1–0.01) are launched by the He II and C iv opacities. The stratified winds above the sonic point undergo velocity perturbation that can lead to clumps. In the optically thin supersonic winds, dense clumps of smaller size (f

VFF
= 0.27–0.3, where
f

VFF
is the volume filling factor) pulsate with higher-order harmonics. The larger clumps (
f

VFF
= 0.2) oscillate with lower-order harmonics of the pulsation and affect the overall wind variability.
Bayesian Black Hole Photogrammetry
Authors: Chang Dominic O. , Johnson Michael D. , Tiede Paul , Palumbo Daniel C. M.
Published: October 2024

We propose an analytic dual-cone accretion model for horizon-scale images of the cores of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, including those observed by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Our model is of synchrotron emission from an axisymmetric, magnetized plasma, constrained to flow within two oppositely oriented cones that are aligned with the black hole’s spin axis. We show this model can accurately reproduce images of a variety of time-averaged general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations and that it accurately recovers the black hole spin, orientation, emission scale height, peak emission radius, and fluid flow direction from these simulations within a Bayesian inference framework using radio interferometric data. We show that nontrivial topologies in the images of relativistic accretion flows around black holes can result in nontrivial multimodal solutions when applied to observations with a sparse array, such as the EHT 2017 observations of M87*. The presence of these degeneracies underscores the importance of employing Bayesian techniques to adequately sample the posterior space for the interpretation of EHT measurements. We fit our model to the EHT observations of M87* and find a 95% highest posterior density interval for the mass-to-distance ratio of θ

g
∈ (2.84, 3.75) μas, and give an inclination of θ
o ∈ (11°, 24°). These new measurements are consistent with mass measurements from the EHT and stellar dynamical estimates and with the spin axis inclination inferred from properties of the M87* jet.
Searching for Bumps in the Cosmological Road: Do Type Ia Supernovae with Early Excesses Have Biased Hubble Residuals?
Authors: Ye Christine , Jones David O. , Hoogendam Willem B. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Dhawan Suhail , Sharief Sammy N.
Published: October 2024

Flux excesses in the early-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are predicted by multiple theoretical models and have been observed in a number of nearby SNe Ia over the last decade. However, the astrophysical processes that cause these excesses may affect their use as standardizable candles for cosmological parameter measurements. We perform a systematic search for early-time excesses in SNe Ia observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) to study whether SNe Ia with these excesses yield systematically different Hubble residuals. We analyze two compilations of SN Ia light curves from ZTF’s first year of operations: 127 high-cadence light curves from Y. Yao et al. and 305 light curves from the ZTF cosmology data release of S. Dhawan et al. We detect significant early-time excesses for 17 SNe Ia in these samples and find that the excesses have a median g − r color of 0.10 ± 0.11 mag; we do not find a clear preference for blue excesses as predicted by several models. Using the SALT3 model, we measure Hubble residuals for these two samples, finding that excess-having SNe Ia may have lower Hubble residuals (HR) after correcting for shape, color, and host-galaxy mass, at ∼2–3σ significance; our baseline result is ΔHR = −0.056 ± 0.026 mag (2.2σ). We compare the host-galaxy masses of excess-having and no-excess SNe Ia and find they are consistent, though at marginal significance excess-having SNe Ia may prefer lower-mass hosts. Additional discoveries of early excess SNe Ia will be a powerful way to understand potential biases in SN Ia cosmology and probe the physics of SN Ia progenitors.
Thermodynamic Evolution of Plumes
Authors: Malaker Biswanath , Upendran Vishal , Tripathi Durgesh
Published: October 2024

Plumes are considered to play an important role in the origin of the solar wind. However, an understanding of their thermodynamic evolution is not complete. Here, we perform a detailed study of a plume inside a coronal hole throughout its lifetime, using the observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We find that the plume’s formation is preceded by frequent occurrences of small-scale jets and jetlets at its base, leading to the gradual development of plume haze. The plume rapidly developed within the first 6 hr into its well-known morphology. Light curves from all extreme ultraviolet channels exhibit a similar profile, suggesting its multithermal nature and intensity modulation over its lifespan. Moreover, the photospheric magnetic field dynamics at the plume’s base are highly correlated with its light curve in 171 Å. We calculate outflow velocities, observed prominently in the 171 Å passband and mildly in the 193 and 211 Å passbands, with median speeds lower in higher temperature bands but occasionally comparable to the respective sound speeds. When data are averaged over larger spatial scales, the plume appears isothermal along its length, with constant temperature throughout its lifetime. However, an analysis of the differential emission measure at full resolution reveals the presence of higher-temperature plasma, indicating internal temperature structures within the plume. These results provide new insights into the formation, dynamics, and thermal properties of coronal plumes, placing tighter constraints on models to understand their thermodynamic evolution and potential role in the solar wind.
Large-scale Structure of the Heliospheric Current Sheets within the Heliosheath Inferred from Voyager 2 Observations
Authors: Choi Dooyoung , Lee Dae-Young , Choi Kyung-Eun , Noh Sung Jun , Kim Kyung-Chan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we conducted an analysis of the heliospheric current sheets (HCSs) in the heliosheath (HS), utilizing observations by Voyager 2 between 2008 and 2018. Employing rigorous criteria, we identified a total of 34 HCSs that indicate significant changes in magnetic polarity. These occurrences were more prevalent during solar maximum periods when the HCS expanded to higher latitudes, coinciding with the spacecraft positioned at an average latitude of −31° from the solar equator. We determined certain features of the large-scale structures of the identified HCSs. Most importantly, employing two distinct methods indicates that the thickness of the HCSs within the HS ranges from ∼0.003 to ∼0.4 au with an average thickness of ∼0.03 to ∼0.1 au, depending on methods of event selection and fitting techniques. This thickness surpasses that known near 1 au or other heliospheric distances. It is also notably thicker than the typical proton inertial length, implying unfavorable conditions for magnetic reconnection. Additionally, our analysis reveals a frequent tilt of HCS planes relative to the solar equatorial plane by a varying angle up to several tens of degrees, likely implying a common occurrence of a warped structure of the HCS within the HS. Longitudinally, the HCS planes closely align with the Parker spiral field direction expected in the HS. Finally, for a large fraction of the identified HCS events, the HCS planes are likely characterized by a rotational discontinuity. These findings are valid within the limits of the 1 hr resolution data used in this study.
Late-time X-Ray Observations of the Jetted Tidal Disruption Event AT2022cmc: The Relativistic Jet Shuts Off
Authors: Eftekhari T. , Tchekhovskoy A. , Alexander K. D. , Berger E. , Chornock R. , Laskar T. , Margutti R. , Yao Y. , Cendes Y. , Gomez S. , Hajela A. , Pasham D. R.
Published: October 2024

The tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2022cmc represents the fourth known example of a relativistic jet produced by the tidal disruption of a stray star, providing a unique probe of the formation and evolution of relativistic jets in otherwise dormant supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here we present deep, late-time Chandra observations of AT2022cmc extending to t
obs ≈ 400 days after disruption. Our observations reveal a sudden decrease in the X-ray brightness by a factor of ≳14 over a factor of ≈2.3 in time, and a deviation from the earlier power-law decline with a steepening α ≳ 3.2 (F

X
∝ t
−α
), steeper than expected for a jet break, and pointing to the cessation of jet activity at t
obs ≈ 215 days. Such a transition has been observed in two previous TDEs (Swift J1644+57 and Swift J2058+05). From the X-ray luminosity and the timescale of jet shut-off, we parameterize the mass of the SMBH in terms of unknown jet efficiency and accreted mass fraction parameters. Motivated by the disk–jet connection in active galactic nuclei, we favor black hole masses ≲105
M
⊙ (where the jet and disk luminosities are comparable), and disfavor larger black holes (in which extremely powerful jets are required to outshine their accretion disks). We additionally estimate a total accreted mass of ≈0.1 M
⊙. Applying the same formalism to Swift J1644+57 and Swift J2058+05, we favor comparable black hole masses for these TDEs of ≲ a few × 105
M
⊙, and suggest that jetted TDEs may preferentially form from lower-mass black holes when compared to nonrelativistic events, owing to generally lower jet and higher disk efficiencies at higher black hole masses.
Chroniques d’une disparition annoncée. L’architecture du XX e siècle au prisme du second œuvre
Authors: Blain Catherine
Published: October 2024

Au XX e siècle, l’avènement de nouveaux systèmes structurels en acier ou en béton, constitués de poteaux et poutres, dalles et murs de refends, ouvre l’ère du plan libre et de la façade libre . Dès lors, l’architecte peut laisser libre cours à son imagination afin de transcrire les programmes en une panoplie de dispositifs fonctionnels et esthétiques. S’il réserve une part à l’invention, ce travail s’appuie aussi sur le vaste répertoire de produits préfabriqués ou industrialisés disponibles sur le marché. Ainsi, l’architecture relève surtout d’un Art de la prescription : édictant d’abord les principes du gros œuvre , allant des fondations à la structure en passant par les façades et la couverture (assurant le clos et le couvert), arrêtant ensuite, et surtout, la longue liste des éléments et composants du second œuvre par lesquels se matérialise la construction. En adoptant ce mode de conception novateur, les architectes n’ont-ils pas, sans s’en rendre compte, mis en danger la pérennité de leurs réalisations ? Car en effet, si en raison de la vétusté ou l’obsolescence des produits et dispositifs, de l’entrée en vigueur de nouvelles normes ou de changement de mode, leurs façades et leurs aménagements intérieurs sont entièrement renouvelés, que restera-t-il de ces architectures du XX e siècle ?
Saint Mary the Virgin, Great Warley, Essex, Angleterre, « l’église d’aluminium »
Authors: Smith Paul
Published: October 2024

Construite de 1902 à 1904 selon les plans de l’architecte Charles Harrison Townsend (1851-1928) et décorée par le sculpteur William Reynolds-Stevens (1862-1943), l’église anglicane dédiée à la Vierge Marie et située à Great Warley, village dans le comté d’Essex à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord-est de Londres, est connue localement comme « the aluminium church », l’église d’aluminium. Plus que son architecture, assez discrète, c’est sa décoration intérieure qui justifie la protection de l’église au plus haut niveau dans le système anglais : Listed Grade I depuis 1976. Cette décoration est considérée comme un chef-d’œuvre du mouvement Arts & Crafts, courant qui contribue à l’Art Nouveau international. Dans une palette très riche de matériaux, elle a notamment recours à l’aluminium, appliqué en feuilles sur des bandes en bas-relief - un décor de fleurs de lys et de rosiers - qui ponctuent la voûte de la nef et qui recouvrent le mur arrondi de l’abside derrière le retable. Pris parfois pour de l’argent, l’aluminium qui brille ainsi dans le sanctuaire aurait été choisi par Reynolds-Stevens pour ses qualités de durabilité, correspondant aux symbolismes de vie éternelle et de résurrection qui imprègnent sa création.
Comparison of the Accuracy Between the Z CALC2 Calculator and Barrett Toric Calculator in Toric IOL Calculation
Authors: Wang Lan , Meng Jiaqi , Fang Yanwen , He Wenwen , Zhao Chen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the accuracy of the Z CALC2 calculator and Barrett toric calculator in toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation.

Methods

Eighty-five eyes of 85 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation were included. The accuracy was compared between the Z CALC2 calculator and Barrett toric calculator under two calculation modes: using simulated keratometry (SimK) from the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) for posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) prediction and employing total corneal astigmatism (total corneal refractive power [TCRP] or measured PCA) obtained from the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). The centroid of prediction errors, percentage of eyes with prediction errors within ±0.50 diopter (D), mean prediction error, and mean absolute prediction error were calculated. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the orientation and magnitude of anterior corneal astigmatism and axial length.

Results

When using SimK, the two calculators with predicted PCA showed comparable accuracy. When employing total corneal astigmatism, the Barrett toric calculator with measured PCA showed a lower centroid error (0.15 vs 0.38 D), a higher percentage of eyes with prediction errors within ±0.50 D (47.1% vs 32.9%,
P
= .018), and a lower mean prediction error (0.57 vs 0.71 D,
P
= .033) compared to the Z CALC2 calculator with TCRP in the 4-mm zone. In subgroup analysis, when employing total corneal astigmatism, the Barrett toric calculator with measured PCA exhibited superior accuracy, especially in the with-the-rule and anterior corneal astigmatism of 2.00 D or less subgroups.

Conclusions

When using SimK, the Z CALC2 calculator and Barrett toric calculator yield comparable accuracy. The Barrett toric calculator with measured PCA may be more recommended when employing total corneal astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10):e681–e691.]
Evaluation of Visual Outcomes in Patients With Aberrated Corneas Implanted With the IC-8 Small-Aperture IOL
Authors: Teo Zhen Ling , Sie Nicole Ming , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To assess the visual outcomes in patients with cataract implanted with a small-aperture intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with aberrated corneas.

Methods

This prospective, non-interventional, single-center clinical study was conducted at Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. Twenty-one patients with aberrated corneas had IC-8 IOL (Bausch & Lomb, Inc) implantation. An aberrated cornea was defined as from natural causes: keratoconus (n = 1, 4.8%), high coma (n = 2, 9.5%), corneal scar (n = 1, 4.8%), or iatrogenic causes: keratorefractive procedure (n = 17, 86%). Uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were measured at distance (600 cm) (UDVA and CDVA), intermediate (66.7 cm) (UIVA and CIVA), and near (40 cm) (UNVA and CIVA). Defocus curve was tested monocularly and binocularly. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured under photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare.

Results

In IC-8 eyes, the mean ± standard deviation UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA was 0.24 ± 0.18, 0.19 ± 0.18, and 0.14 ± 0.14 logMAR, respectively. Mean CDVA, CIVA, and CNVA in IC-8 eyes was 0.12 ± 0.17, 0.16 ± 0.15, and 0.19 ± 0.13 logMAR, respectively. Binocular mean UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA was 0.07 ± 0.10, 0.07 ± 0.10, and 0.13 ± 0.12 logMAR, respectively. Defocus curve testing yielded a depth of focus of 1.50 D monocularly and 2.00 D binocularly at a 0.2 logMAR threshold. Photopic binocular CS with and without glare improved over monocular CS of IC-8 and fellow eyes under all spatial frequencies. Mesopic binocular CS with and without glare were similar among monocular IC-8 and fellow eyes across spatial frequencies. Most patients reported low levels of visual symptoms.

Conclusions

The IC-8 IOL provides good monocular and binocular visual outcomes for patients with cataract who had aberrated corneas.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10):e716–e723.]
Corneal Epithelial Remodeling Following Cylinder Correction With SMILE or FS-LASIK: A Contralateral Comparative Study
Authors: Chen Pei , Hou Xiangtao , Yu Na , Ye Yiming , Wei Han , Zhuang Jing , Yu Keming
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the corneal epithelial remodeling in eyes with high astigmatism that had small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

Methods

Seventy-four patients with myopic astigmatism of greater than −2.00 diopters (D) and little binocular difference in spherical equivalent were included in this contralateral comparative study. All patients received SMILE in one eye and FS-LASIK in the other eye randomly. The corneal epithelial remodeling pattern was mapped using the latest RTVue spectral-domain optical coherence tomographer (Optovue) by region.

Results

Satisfactory refractive correction was achieved in all enrolled eyes with either SMILE or FS-LASIK. The corneal epithelium gradually thickened following surgical cylinder correction, distributing mainly along the flat medium. The corneal epithelium proliferation is milder centrally but more pronounced in the mid-peripheral area after SMILE, compared with FS-LASIK. The flat-steep difference in corneal epithelial thickness (CET) is evident in the mid-peripheral and peripheral areas, which is more obvious in SMILE. Residual cylinder was positively correlated with CET in eyes that had FS-LASIK, but not SMILE. More importantly, these epithelial changes were positively correlated with the ablation depth and higher order aberrations following surgical refractive correction.

Conclusions

The postoperative CET map varied between SMILE and FS-LASIK. In eyes with high astigmatism, SMILE surgery is followed by milder and more stable corneal epithelial thickening. Moreover, the corneal epithelium is sensitive to stromal ablation and corneal remodeling is crucial to the postoperative visual quality. This study rigorously distinguished the CET difference between SMILE and FS-LASIK in astigmatic eyes and shed light on subsequent research.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10);e728–e741.]
Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics Using Brillouin Microscopy in Chinese Adults With Myopia
Authors: Cao Jian , Yu Yanze , Ma Yong , Bao Yongle , Niu Lingling , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the corneal biomechanical metrics of Chinese adults with myopia and identify relevant factors of Brillouin microscopy.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, corneal biomechanics in Chinese adults with myopia were quantified and analyzed using Brillouin microscopy and the Corvis ST (CST) (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) and analyzed. Univariate linear regression was used with potential factors including age, sex, spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and mean keratometry (Kmean).

Results

The study included 87 eyes of 87 participants (mean age: 24.47 ± 6.27 years). Central, Mean, maximum (Max), minimum (Min), standard deviation, and Max–Min Brillouin modulus (BM) values obtained from Brillouin microscopy exhibited values of 2.826 ± 0.039, 2.827 ± 0.027, 2.864 ± 0.034, 2.790 ± 0.038, 0.108 ± 0.042, and 0.074 ± 0.041 GPa, respectively. No significant correlations were found between BM parameters and age, sex, SE, IOP, or CCT. However, the Mean (β = −0.251,
P
= .019), Min (β = −0.315,
P
= .003), and Max–Min (β = 0.229,
P
= .033) BM values were significantly associated with Kmean. The Central, Mean, Min, and Max BM values negatively correlated with the Tomographic Biomechanical Index measured by CST (Spearman's
r
= −0.24, −0.35, −0.29, and −0.23, respectively, all
P
< .05).

Conclusions

Brillouin microscopy accurately reflects corneal biomechanical parameters in Chinese adults with myopia, independent of IOP and CCT, with a good correlation with CST. Concurrent evaluation of the corneal curvature is imperative when employing Brillouin microscopy in clinical practice.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10):e768–e776.]