bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Luft-Volumenstrom bestimmen und regeln
Authors: Reichert Erik , Gebert Daniel
Published: May 2021

Eine Anpassung des Luft-Volumenstroms eines Ventilators an den tatsächlichen Bedarf ermöglicht in der Praxis erhebliche Energieeinsparungen und Geräuschreduktionen. Zunächst betrifft dies den Ventilator selbst; in vielen Anwendungen wie zum Beispiel RLT-Anlagen wirkt sich dies zudem positiv auf den Energiebedarf anderer Anlagenkomponenten wie Erhitzer, Kühler oder Befeuchter aus. Für eine energiesparende und leise Lüftung sollte der Volumenstrom der in der Luft-, Kälte- und Klimatechnik eingesetzten Ventilatoren deshalb möglichst genau und effizient auf einen vorgegebenen Sollwert regelbar sein. Je nach Ventilatortyp und Anwendungsbereich kommen dafür unterschiedliche Methoden in Frage.
Die elektrische Sole/ Wasser-Wärmepumpe mit Erdwärmekollektoren
Authors: Vogel Hans-Herbert
Published: May 2021

Im Gegensatz zur Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpe, bei der die Außenluft als Wärmequelle dient, nutzt die Sole/Wasser-Wärmepumpe das Erdreich als Wärmequelle. Um diesem Wärme mit Hilfe der flüssigen Sole entziehen zu können, setzt man Erdwärmekollektoren oder Erdwärmesonden als Wärmeübertrager ein. Im Nachfolgenden wird modellmäßig das Teillastverhalten der Kopplung von Erdwärmekollektor und drehzahlgesteuerter Wärmepumpe beschrieben.
Bedarfsgerechte und energieoptimierte Gebäudeautomation auf Basis des Verwaltungsschalenkonzeptes der Industrie 4.0
Authors: Huhn Dominik , Müller Jochen
Published: May 2021

Mit dem Oberbegriff Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) wird die Digitalisierung der produzierenden Industrie bezeichnet. Das Konzept sieht eine intelligente Vernetzung von Maschinen und Abläufen vor. Aufbauend auf diesen Grundlagen werden im Folgenden Möglichkeiten betrachtet und spezifiziert, I4.0 auf die Gebäudeautomation anzuwenden. Die theoretisch erarbeiteten Konzepte wurden exemplarisch im Labor der Technischen Hochschule Köln umgesetzt.
WMD Compliance and Enforcement in a Changing Global Context
Authors: Wunderlich Carmen , Müller Harald , Jakob Una
Published: May 2021

The regimes for the control of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are essential ingredients of the global order. Yet this order is currently in transition: the bipolarity of the Cold War has given way to a more complex, multipolar world order characterized by conflicts of interest and great power competition rather than cooperative security. This competition brings with it rising strategic uncertainties which endanger stability and have far reaching implications for WMD-related agreements. To better understand the implications of this changing global context for WMD arms control and disarmament measures this report looks at the past, present and future prospects for WMD-related treaties. The report begins by outlining four broad yet interlinked approaches to arms control and disarmament before considering how these have been applied to chemical, biological and nuclear weapons in the past and how these measures could be applied in the future.
"To think with not one head": Tanga’s Book
Authors: Rokityansky Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The Book of Tanga is talked about by philosopher Konstantin Pavlov-Pinus and Vladimir Rokitiansky who has composed the book and was “the other one” in their long dialogue. “Tanga” (Tatiana Olegovna Lubimova, 11.01.1971 – 12.04.2017) as she is seen in the book is a methodologist (in the tradition of G.P.Schedrovitsky) but also a poet and artist, an observer of transitory life, a dreamer, who values loneliness, and an emergency which is always ready to help a person who suffers. The Book of Tanga consists of her postings in the livejournal – her thoughts and discussions thereof, dream records, pictures of what has been seen in the window or on the way, impressions from poetry and prose of favorite authors, as well as of reflexive reports of verbal workshops (“thinking with not one head” as she put it – mainly with V.Rokitiansky, aka Gignomai) and of their correspondence. The purpose of the Book is to revive the image of a Person Tanga. For the composer it is a possibility to continue the unfinished co-thinking and dialogue; for a reader – a possibility to join this dialogue and this collective thinking.
Hypoxanthine Modified Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether Gel for Ciprofloxacin Adsorption
Authors: Zhang L , Zhang S , Wang C , Hu J , Li W , Li S , Yang L , Zhang L
Published: May 2021

A hypoxanthine modified polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether gel was prepared by the ring opening polymerization of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether with hypoxanthine in a simple sol-gel method. The structure and composition were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD. The adsorption experiments of ciprofloxacin at different pH, temperature, contact time and initial concentration were studied. The results show that the gel is porous with the average pore size of 5.2 nm, the optimum adsorption pH is 5 and the saturated adsorption time is 240 minutes. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin is 56.1 mg/g at 308 K according to the Langmuir model. The repeated adsorption experiments show that the gel could still adsorb 80% of the first adsorbed ciprofloxacin after 5 times of elution. These results indicate that the gel can be used as a practical adsorbent for ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution.
Phytochemical Analysis and Anticancer Activity of Azadirachta Indica Ethanolic Extract against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Azhagu MS
Published: May 2021

Azadirachta indica phytochemicals are found to have against malignant growth and hostile to bacterial properties. In the specific examination, the coupling proficiency of five mixes that are available in the Azadirachta indica with all the eleven proteins through in silico techniques was completed. Plant removes ensure against harmful compound instigated injury by expanding the body’s degrees of cell reinforcement particles, for example, glutathione, and improving the action of cancer prevention agent chemicals. A549 cells treated with Azadirachta indica ethanolic separate in various hours (6, 12, 24 and 36 hours) after the 36 hours the cells development are controlled. As there are re-established interests in home grown based meds to hinder the results of manufactured medications, Azadirachta Indica L. a leaf contains phytochemical intensifies having all the more free revolutionary rummaging just as anticancer exercises.
Facial Palsy, Hypoacusis and Vertigo as Inaugural Symptoms of Neuroborreliosis - Case Report
Authors: da Costa JB
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Facial Palsy (FP) is the most common acute mononeuropathy and consists of a decrease in facial muscle strength due to facial nerve damage. Peripheral FP (PFP) can result from a wide variety of disorders and aetiologies, with Lyme Disease (LD) being considered one of the most common causes of FP. LD is an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system, causing Neuroborreliosis (NB) in 15% of cases. Cranial neuropathy is the most common form of presentation of NB, as uni or bilateral PFP. We describe a case of PFP with hypoacusis and vertigo as the inaugural presentation of neuroborreliosis. Case Report: We present a case report of a 75-year-old female patient, referred to ENT consultation due to a 3-day course of a grade 4 right PFP, moderate right sensorineural hearing loss and right vestibular hypofunction. The patient underwent cranioencephalic Computed Tomography (CT-CE) which excluded a central event and was treated with 2 cycles of oral corticosteroids, without any clinical improvement. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed, which showed an abnormal inflammatory uptake of the right facial nerve. An analytical positivity for Borrelia IgM was found and the diagnosis of polyneuropathic NB with involvement of the VII and VIII right cranial pairs was assumed. The patient completed 28 days of doxycycline, with FP and vertigo improvement and normalization of hearing acuity. Discussion/Conclusion: In the presented case, the absence of the classical migratory erythema or painful meningopolyneuritis didn’t exclude the diagnosis of NB. FP associated to signs of other cranial nerves involvement raised the hypothesis of a systemic polyneuropathic disease, which motivated the etiological investigation carried out.
Fishing During the Great War
Authors: Robinson Robb
Published: May 2021

This chapter reflects on the British fishing industry that boomed in 1913 and in the years preceding the outbreak of the Great War. It refers to the Grimsby steam trawler Zenobia that was detained for several hours in Heligoland after being stopped by a German gunboat on 4 August 1914, but then was eventually allowed to proceed. It also recalls the German trawler Else Kunkel and fishing smack Hammil Warden that were detained after sailing into Aberdeen, unaware that war had been declared the previous night. The chapter mentions the Admiralty that had been keen to get fishing vessels off the North Sea as the waters were likely to be on the front line of the maritime war, providing no place for civilian fishing vessels. It elaborates how substantial numbers of fishermen and fishing vessels became required for wartime naval security duties.
Neither a Silver Bullet Nor a Distraction: Economic Warfare in Sea-power Theory
Authors: Bowen Bleddyn E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter outlines a framework of how to think about the dynamics of economic warfare at sea. Economic warfare features in sea-power theory as an instrument that is often important but usually an afterthought or something taken for granted. Decisive results have been denied to practitioners in the past as the economic pressure of sea power is indecisive. But that does not mean it is a mere distraction or that it cannot be effective as part of a broader grand strategy in war as well as peacetime coercion. The chapter outlines the points of theory that are useful for historical and contemporary studies of economic warfare. These points are taken from a variety of theorists and form a general consensus on the potential and pitfalls of maritime economic warfare in grand strategy.
The Royal Navy and Economic Warfare against the United States during the War of 1812
Authors: Hattendorf John B.
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides an overview of recent scholarship on the Royal Navy’s economic blockade of the United States between 1812 and 1815. The article shows how the combination of British naval forces and privateers slowly strangled the American economy and nearly immobilized the U.S. Navy. Despite the Royal Navy’s very successful application of economic warfare, it was not decisive. Due to financial exhaustion following the Napoleonic wars, Parliament would not support the naval and military funding necessary to impose the harsh peace terms for which economic warfare had laid the foundation.
Postal Censorship and the Alchemy of Victory at Sea during the First World War
Authors: Ferris John
Published: May 2021

Economic warfare shaped the First World War, but neither its execution nor its effect have been studied thoroughly. Economic warfare usually is seen just as a matter of warships; in fact, it stemmed from and was waged through a combination of diplomacy, intelligence, law, and seapower. The Royal Navy might have exercised blockade simply through strength, but Britannia did not wish to rule the waves by force alone. Britain cared about being, and seeming to be, lawful in action, which also eased the diplomacy of economic warfare. Intelligence, especially intercepted cables, wireless and, above all, the international post, unified seapower and sea law. Seapower enabled diplomacy, intelligence and law. They executed seapower. In particular, only overwhelming seapower could make every neutral at once tolerate British interception of their seamail, which was inconvenient and, neutrals thought, illegal. In turn, the postal censorship, Britain’s most feminised department of state, matched the most manly of arms as a tool of seapower.
Voting to Maintain the Union in 1918: ‘One of the strongest pillars upon which they stood’
Authors: Callinan Elaine
Published: May 2021

This chapter will examine the political propaganda and electioneering campaigns of Unionists, particularly southern Unionists, in their attempt to persuade the electorate to vote in their favour during the 1918 general election. Southern Unionists, like their nationalist counterparts, sought to persuade (and at times manipulate) opinion to draw support for their manifestos and policies. Analysis of the methods of propaganda – such as newspapers, advertisements, symbols and so on – that were utilised will be carried out to demonstrate how target audiences were reached. The themes and content of Unionist political messages demonstrates how they aimed to secure votes to advocate for continued endorsement of the Act of Union. Southern Unionists strategically targeted voters, including those who were previously politically dormant, and the ideals within their propaganda provides insight into opinions and ambitions in the battle for victory in 1918. Unionist propagandistic strength was its homogeneity of message and an array of propaganda techniques conveyed their doctrine.
Loyal to What? Identity and Motivation in the Southern Irish Protestant Involvement in Two World Wars
Authors: d’Alton Ian
Published: May 2021

Southern Irish Protestants, mostly loyal, fought in British forces in both world wars. This chapter, focussing on individual histories from such as Norman Leslie and Michael d’Alton, interrogates their motivation in voluntarily joining the war efforts. War is cathartic, and sharpens the notions of identity, belonging and place – physical and metaphysical – that are examined in this essay. Through the prism of two wars and Leslie’s and d’Alton’s approaches to them the development of southern Protestant ‘loyalism’ and its accommodation to the contemporary – vital to the community’s survival and search for place in twentieth century Ireland – is tracked and analysed.
A Beleaguered Community? Waterford Loyalists during the Revolution, 1912–1924
Authors: McCarthy Pat
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the experiences of loyalists in Waterford during the revolutionary decade. Though small in number, about 5% of the population, they were very influential economically and socially. Unlike in many other southern counties, they mobilised and demonstrated against Home Rule in 1912. Like other loyalist communities they rallied to the flag in 1914 and many of them were killed in battle. The survivors came home to a changed Ireland. They felt abandoned by the Ulster Unionists and that some form of Home Rule was now inevitable. They chose to keep a low profile during the War of Independence. There is no evidence of discrimination or violence against them during that phase of the revolution but in 1922 and 1923 members of the loyalist community were subject to opportunistic violence, often carried out in the name of the IRA. Some chose to leave the country, but most took their lead from Sir John Keane and played their part in building the new state, responding to the call of their newspaper, the Waterford Standard: ‘There is much that we can contribute to the building up of the new Ireland. We will give it in full measure.’
The Culture of War
Authors: Foss Colin
Published: May 2021

The Culture of War explores the unexpected flourishing of literature both high and low during the Siege of Paris at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871. When Prussian forces completely blockaded Paris, isolating the city from the outside world, Parisians turned to literature to resist the enemy, to fill the idle hours under siege, and to articulate their place in history. This cultural boom was a conscious effort on the part of literary institutions like newspapers, publishers, and theaters to ensure the viability of their industries during a period of political uncertainty. To do so, many publishers, editors, and directors sought legitimacy through populism, promoting literature written by anonymous and unknown authors or that spoke to populist ideas. A study of national tragedy on a local scale, The Culture of War goes beyond traditional narratives of communal or individual psychology, and studies institutional responses to financial and political instability, viewing literature as a product of economic and political forces.
Hugomania
Authors: Foss Colin
Published: May 2021

This chapter shows how Victor Hugo gained the power to legitimize theaters’ new democratic mission during the Siege through his authorization—or refusal—of performances of his book of poetry Les Châtiments, first published in France during the Siege. In particular, I highlight the struggle between Hugo and the director of the Comédie-Française: Hugo claiming that he represented the people, against the Comédie-Française, which he claimed represented the inertia and political conservatism of cultural institutions. Literature was at war with itself. In this chapter, we find that Hugo himself had become an institution, and that his quarrel with theaters would be won in the eyes of the public by whoever or whichever of the two was more essentially French.
Letters to No One
Authors: Foss Colin
Published: May 2021

During the Siege of Paris, sending personal letters beyond the blockade was almost impossible short of hot-air balloon post or messenger pigeons. This chapter shows how Parisians began writing diaries of their experiences, and how the genres of personal writing changed due to the extraordinary historical moment. Normally associated with intimacy and emotion, diaries became public documents, diarists intermingling their personal experience with public events. The “I” of diaries became plural, just as the intended readership expanded to include any potential reader, present or future, French or otherwise. This chapter focuses on the unpublished diaries of a handful of besieged.
The Ties that Bind
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This book explores the close affinities that bound together anti-slavery activists in Britain and the USA during the mid-nineteenth century, years that witnessed the overthrow of slavery in both the British Caribbean and the American South. Drawing on a wide variety of sources, the book sheds important new light on the dynamics of abolitionist opinion building during the Age of Reform, from books and artefacts to anti-slavery songs, lectures and placards. Building an anti-slavery public required patience and perseverance. It also involved an engagement with politics, even if anti-slavery activists disagreed about what form that engagement should take. This is a book about the importance of transatlantic co-operation and the transmission of ideas and practices. Yet, at the same time, it is also alert to the tensions that underlay these Atlantic affinities, particularly when it came to what was sometimes perceived as the increasing Americanization of anti-slavery protest culture. Above all, the book stresses the importance of personality, perhaps best exemplified in the enduring transatlantic friendship between George Thompson and William Lloyd Garrison.
Introduction
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This is the third book in a trilogy that began with Popular Politics and British Anti-Slavery (1995).1 Two broad themes have been at the heart of this endeavour. The first is opinion-building. Popular Politics sought to answer a simple question: how did eighteenth-century activists turn an idea into a successful popular movement? Creating a constituency for abolition, especially at a period when transatlantic slavery was considered a necessary adjunct of empire, demanded skill and ingenuity. It also required highly developed organizational skills and an eye for business. Anti-slavery activists cleverly exploited an expanding consumer society to push their ideas and values, as well as their insistent demands, from the periphery to the centre of public debate. In the process, they helped to make abolition fashionable, Josiah Wedgwood’s famous cameo of the kneeling slave being an obvious case in point. Cheap disposable literature, inertia selling and the innovative use of images and image-making, all excited an interest in anti-slavery that found expression in mass petitioning and the emergence of the first modern reform movement. By shifting attention away from the narrow confines of Westminster, ...
Atlantic Affinities
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This Chapter deals with Anglophilia as an animating principle in a lot American anti-slavery thought and practice. It begins with an account of how early anti-slavery activists appropriated Wilberforce, Clarkson and Sharp into their rituals, before moving on to discuss how after 1833 William Lloyd Garrisonian and his supporters deliberately set out to create a continuous link between the British past and the American present, perhaps most evident in the elevation of 1 August (Emancipation Day in the Caribbean) into the American abolitionist calendar. These affinities cut across racial lines. African Americans were just as quick to appropriate figures such as Wilberforce and Clarkson, weaving them into a black protest tradition that elevated abolitionism into a global struggle, even if in doing so they put themselves at personal risk. Anglophilia not only shaped how the American anti-slavery movement should be understood but also how it should be remembered.
Political Abolitionism
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This Chapter deals with the wider question of political influence and how anti-slavery activists engaged with politics. In the past, this topic has been dominated by studies of anti-slavery petitions. While recognising the importance of petitioning, this chapter looks at complementary forms of political protest, chief among them the pledging of prospective parliamentary candidates, or what in the USA was called ‘the interrogatory system’. Pledging proved singularly effective in flushing out reluctant candidates but by its very nature it was seen as symptomatic of a new kind of politics that was at once brash, noisy and confrontational. The chapter looks at how these tactics were widely adopted in the USA, where direct political action eventually led to the organization of the Liberty Party, a new departure that took it as axiomatic that the existing two-party system (Whigs/Democrats) was not working. The chapter argues that the Liberty Party had a significant impact on divorcing the federal government from the idea of slavery.
The Power of the Word
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This Chapter looks at the role of paid anti-slavery agents or lecturers in raising public awareness about slavery. Strictly speaking, the agency system had its origins in Britain but it had its widest impact in the USA. The chapter looks at the growth of the agency system, its organization and size. It then moves on to look in greater detail at the men and women who became agents, among them Frederick Douglass, William Wells Brown, Abby Kelley, Lucy Stone and Susan B Anthony. Rather like civil rights activists during the 1960s, anti-slavery agents were front-line workers whose job it was to create an anti-slavery public and, in the process, sow the seeds of radical political change. It was demanding and sometimes dangerous work but the agency system would prove a vital part of the wider abolitionist effort right up until the eve of the American Civil War.
Singing Abolition
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This Chapter deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of anti-slavery opinion building, namely the role of anti-slavery songs. Hundreds of these songs – really abolitionist poems set to popular melodies -- were produced during the nineteenth century, on topics as diverse as the slave experience and contemporary public events. In essence, these were protest songs, designed to inform and inspire. The Chapter also looks at the emergence of anti-slavery performers, chief among them the Hutchinson Family Singers from New Hampshire, who electrified audiences during the 1840s with their performances. In 1846, the Hutchinsons visited Britain where they met with a different reception, their peculiar brand of musical advocacy alienating some section of the British public. The chapter analyses the reasons for this ‘failure’, while concluding with a discussion of spirituals (slave songs) as performed by African American visitors to the UK, among them Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown.
The Ties that Bind
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: May 2021

This Chapter looks in details at the close personal friendship between George Thompson and William Lloyd Garrison, from their first meeting in London in 1833 to Thompson’s death in 1878. It explores in detail Thompson’s loyalty to Garrison, a loyalty that in many ways alienated him from mainstream British abolitionists. The Chapter also discusses Thompson’s role in raising British support for the Union cause during the American Civil War. Part of the intention here is to set Anglo-American co-operation within a personal context. The friendship between Thompson and Garrison sheds important light on how personal bonds underpinned the wider transatlantic abolitionist movement, at the same time accentuating the importance of international co-operation, not simply as an idea but as a lived experience.
Introduction The Fundamental Debate: Michel Serres the Ecocritic vs. Luc Ferry the Ecoskeptic
Authors: Krell Jonathan F.
Published: May 2021

The current ecological debate in France may be summarized by the contrast between philosophers Michel Serres and Luc Ferry. Serres condemns the war on nature that modern humans, desiring in the Cartesian tradition to “master and possess” nature, seem to be waging. He aspires to a “natural contract” between humans and nature, which would entail a symbiotic relationship between the parties. Ferry accuses Serres of being antihumanist—a radical, deep ecologist—and mocks the very idea of a natural contract. While Serres’s world view is ecocentric, placing humans on the same plane as the rest of nature, which should possess legal dignity, Ferry embraces an anthropocentric world view, in which humans are clearly separate from and superior to the rest of nature. Bruno Latour, a student of Serres, accuses Ferry of being mired in Kantian modernism.
Marginality and Animality: Olivia Rosenthal’s Que font les rennes après Noël?
Authors: Krell Jonathan F.
Published: May 2021

Que font les rennes après Noël? is narrated in alternating paragraphs by a female second-person narrator (vous) and several male first-person narrators (je). The woman recounts her life from a child up to the age of forty-four. She has always loved animals and is haunted by the question of what reindeer do after Christmas. Overprotected by her parents, the narrator is a Jew in Catholic France who has long suppressed her homosexuality, and thus has always felt like a misfit. The male narrators—a veterinarian, a zookeeper, a laboratory researcher, a butcher, a wolf trainer, and a stock farmer—all work with animals. The protagonist gradually learns about the horrible suffering humans cause animals and comes to identify more with them than with other humans. Rosenthal hints at the connection—expressed by Jacques Derrida, Élisabeth de Fontenay and especially Charles Patterson in Eternal Treblinka—between the human tragedy of the Holocaust and the animal tragedy of the abattoir.
From Ecohumor to Ecohumanism: Iegor Gran’s O.N.G! and L’Ecologie en bas de chez moi
Authors: Krell Jonathan F.
Published: May 2021

Iegor Gran’s two humorous novels poke fun at the self-righteousness, opportunism, anti-humanism, catastrophism, and humorlessness of some environmentalists. More an ecoheretic than an ecosceptic, Gran provides a Rabelaisian and Voltairean critique of environmentalists who take themselves too seriously. O.N.G! recounts a ridiculous war between two NGOs forced to share office space. Despite their lofty ideals, everyday life proves too difficult to manage, and their relationship degenerates into a bloody war over such trifles as parking and bulletin board space. L’Écologie en bas de chez moi is above all a critique of Yann Arthus-Bertrand’s 2009 environmental film Home, which Gran denounces as paternalistic and opportunistic, comparing it unfavorably to Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will, a documentary about Hitler’s 1934 Nuremberg Rally. Both are propaganda films featuring aerial photography and stirring music, but Gran finds Riefenstahl much more creative.
Environmentalism is a Humanism
Authors: Krell Jonathan F.
Published: May 2021

Ecocritics have long been at odds against humanism. What is needed is an “ecological” or “inclusive” humanism, which includes humans and nonhumans, rather than regarding humans as the crown of creation. Several contemporary French intellectuals affirm that one cannot be an ecologist without being a humanist. Claude Lévi-Strauss disparages traditional Western humanism, which denies dignity not only to nonhumans, but to non-Western humans. Pierre Rabhi calls for a “universal” and “true” humanism that respects the earth. Edgar Morin writes that “spaceship Earth” has no pilot: humans must be “ecologized” in order to save the planet. Michel Maffesoli’s “ecosophy” is a plea for Dionysian “progressivism” to replace Promethean “progressism.” His humanism—etymologically linked to “humus” and “humility”—entails a deep respect for the earth. Finally, the American Thomas Berry rejects traditional Christian humanism in favor of an ecological humanism that embraces an “interdependent biological community of the human with the natural world.”
Doomed Youth
Authors: Lane Jeremy F.
Published: May 2021

The chapter opens by noting the recurrence of depictions of disillusioned young executives, products of France’s elite business schools, in films by Cantet, Moutout, Corneau and Kim Chapiron and in testimonial literature by Sophie Talneau, Jonathan Curiel, Alexandre des Isnards and Thomas Zuber. In their different ways, all of these texts depict France’s young academic elite as being doomed to disillusionment by the nature of the education they receive and the realities of the contemporary labour market. In this, these privileged individuals betray an unexpected similarity with what might seem more obvious candidates for the moniker ‘doomed youth’, namely France’s ethnic minority banlieue inhabitants, whose fate is also understood to reflect problems in the interrelationships between education and employment. This chapter will therefore examine films and novels that seek to represent the ways in which shifts in the labour market have been mirrored in the adoption of post-disciplinary pedagogies and business-oriented curricula that challenge fundamental republican notions of meritocracy and social integration through education and employment.
Sans Papiers
Authors: Lane Jeremy F.
Published: May 2021

If the issue of work has acquired a high political profile in France over recent decades, the question of the sans papiers, of undocumented migrants and their potential place within the Republic, has become equally highly politicised. However, these two issues are rarely seen as being intrinsically connected, protests in favour of the rights of the sans papiers typically being couched in humanitarian terms, with little reference to questions of political economy. This is equally true of many filmic representations of the sans papiers, which reinforce this notion of sans papiers as victims deserving of humanitarian aid, rather than as active agents.
This chapter draws on Emmanuel Terray’s notion of ‘délocalisation sur place’ or ‘on-shore off-shoring’ to argue for a better understanding of the role the sans papiers play within the contemporary French jobs market, epitomising the logics of flexibility, modulation, and precarity that now characterise its functioning. Armed with this interpretative framework, it re-reads a number of films and novels featuring undocumented migrants, uncovering the insights concealed behind their overt humanitarianism, insights into the interrelationships between undocumented migration and the shifts in employment analysed in earlier chapters.
Juvenal Satires Book 5
Authors: Godwin John
Published: May 2021

A new text is printed of Juvenal’s final four satires, based on the most recent scholarship on the textual transmission, accompanied by a full apparatus criticus at the foot of each page and also a facing English translation. The translation aims to explain the meaning of the Latin while also producing a readable version which might be read by a reader who does not understand Latin.
Commentary
Authors: Godwin John
Published: May 2021

The commentary seeks to elucidate and explain the background and the significance of every line of this text. The Latin is explained both in relation to what we know of the Roman world of the 1st century CE and also in relation to the literary and satirical tradition in which Juvenal was writing. The commentary gives the reader sufficient information to understand historical, mythological and literary references, while also directing readers towards other sources of information and alternative viewpoints. Above all, the commentary seeks to show the rhetorical and poetic power of the Latin text, analysing the use of literary devices and showing how and where the poet displays his superb mastery of the language and the metre. The comments are keyed to the translation and a reader without Latin will still be able to use the commentary for explanation of the content of the satires.
Meijer’s Endnotes (1892)
Authors: Goggin Joyce , Erken Merlijn , De Bruyn Frans , Looijesteijn Henk , Paul Helen J. , Petram Lodewijk
Published: May 2021

Present editors: A selected number of Meijer’s endnotes have not been translated because they concern philological or other matters purely of interest to Dutch-speaking readers. These are indicated below as ‘Omitted’.

1.Quincampoix, or the coffeehouse. The name ‘Quincampoix’ was given to the English coffeehouse in the Kalver Street [Kalverstraat], the third house in from the Dam Square on the west side of the street, because that is where the largest part of the trade took place. A very clear representation of the coffeehouse after it was attacked by a rioting mob can be found in engraving no. 57 of ...
Culture and Finance
Authors: Goggin Joyce
Published: May 2021

This chapter supplements the introductory and contextual discussion of Quincampoix, or the Wind Traders provided by Meijer in 1892, with an updated consideration of the play’s continuing historical and cultural value. It explores cultural stereotypes of various “foreigners” that appear recurrently in these Dutch texts, particularly in the figure of John Law, portrayed as a Frenchified Scotsman; the French more generally; and outsiders, particularly the Jewish community. The popular theatre was a medium in which social anxieties were frequently expressed - focused in this instance on a fear of contagion from France and its corrupt financial schemes. This chapter explores how Quincampoix, or the Wind Traders culturally expresses this fear at the level of language and character. It shows how national identities were shaped and challenged by the desire to trade in an new, globalizing market that encompassed several countries in Western Europe, and it shows how national stereotypes hardened in the rush to attribute culpability and cupidity, or rationality and innocence, as apparent financial catastrophe loomed. And because these plays enjoyed an afterlife in the nineteenth century with the publication of Meijer’s edition, Quincampoix is discussed in this chapter as an early example of the thematization of finance in popular culture.
Suicide Voices
Authors: Waters Sarah
Published: May 2021

This book examines the phenomenon of work suicides in France and asks why, in the present historical juncture, conditions of work can push individuals to take their own lives. During the 2000s, France experienced what commentators have described as a ‘suicide epidemic’, whereby increasing numbers of workers in the face of extreme pressures of work, chose to take their own lives. This book analyses a corpus of testimonial material linked to 66 suicide cases across three large French companies during the period from 2005 to 2015. A key aim is to consider what the extreme and subjective experiences of self-killing narrated in suicide letters can tell us about the contemporary economic order and its impact on flesh and blood experiences of work. What do rising work suicides tell us about conditions of human labour in the 21st century? Does neoliberal economics condition a desire for suicide? How do suicidal individuals describe the causes and motivations of their self-killing? Combining critical perspectives from sociology, history, testimony studies, economics, cultural studies and public health, the book raises critical questions about the human costs of the shift to a finance-driven neoliberal order and its everyday effects within the localised spaces of the French workplace.
Introduction
Authors: Waters Sarah
Published: May 2021

Suicide is an accusation brought against the organization of society when society becomes incapable of guaranteeing the happiness of its members.

Minois, History of Suicide, 326

Work suicide or work-related suicide1 is a phenomenon that punctuates contemporary French public life with all the force of the banal and the sublime. Suicides now occur with such frequency that they have become a routine event, one that barely elicits widespread shock or consternation. Newspapers report on the human toll: engineers, nurses, teachers, assembly-line workers, checkout assistants, farmers, managers, postmen, ...
Suicide as Testimony
Authors: Waters Sarah
Published: May 2021

Chapter two examines suicide letters as a mode of testimony that bears witness to extreme suffering in the contemporary workplace. In an economic order that conceals the labour relationships that bring services and products to us, suicides push human suffering to the surface and force it out into the open. Drawing on testimony studies, I situate suicide letters at a juncture between the everyday and the extreme that unsettles the boundaries between the two and forces us to confront extremity in the everyday. Whilst these letters give expression to exceptional trauma, they are located within the quotidian, routine and functional spaces of work. Some recent critics have depicted the contemporary workplace as a site of extremity, drawing on the historical metaphor of the Holocaust to describe forms of managerial brutality and violence. Contrary to these representations, I suggest that the workplace is best understood in terms of its everydayness. This is a space governed by order, discipline and routine, where working life is subject to endless repetition and reiteration. Yet, this everydayness has a unique quality: work suicides make visible extreme suffering, not as an exceptional phenomenon, but one that is embedded within the universal spaces of social life.
Abdelkébir Khatibi’s Mediterranean Idiom
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet
Published: May 2021

Through its focus on decolonization, Abdelkébir Khatibi’s oeuvre has revealed the Maghreb’s intrinsic plurality—a legacy of intercultural contact that encompasses, yet extends beyond, the trauma of European colonialism. Drawing on the fluctuating principle of the Mediterranean as method, this chapter extends the purview of Khatibi’s “double critique” of any stable concept of origins to include other moments of trans-Mediterranean contact between the Maghreb and the West—moments preceding the watershed of colonialism and conveying other logics of interaction than European domination. Khatibi has written that his core concept of bi-langue functions as a means “to enter into the telling of forgetting and of anamnesia […] ‘I am an/other’ i[s] an idiom that I owe it to myself to invent” (“Diglossia” 158). This chapter probes the form that this anamnestic idiom is to take, beyond Manichean visions of being and belonging, in the density of the Maghreb’s marge en éveil—as the point of inception of a transcultural heuristic tethered to the contiguous space of the Mediterranean Sea and its manifold, multi-directional histories. In the vertiginous space of the interlangue (the point of contact between two languages, here conceived as “the space between two exteriorities” [ibid.]), the revised conception of bi-langue that this chapter proposes concerns itself with the resurrection of an alternative, deep-rooted idiom, one incommensurable to the languages in which writing occurs. This post-traumatic, Mediterranean form of expression moves beyond melancholia to open the bi-langue to the pluri-langue and disseminate it beyond the strictures of the colonial relation. By taking account of the “historical churning of between people, between civilizations” (ibid.) in the embracing space of the Mediterranean, this discourse gives shape to a revivified Maghrebi memory in all its sedimented density.
Khatibi and the Transcolonial Turn
Authors: Harrison Olivia C.
Published: May 2021

The Palestinian question has played a seminal if neglected role in Abdelkébir Khatibi’s writings, from the central notion of a “plural Maghreb” to his musings on language, colonialism, and “pensée-autre,” an expression he initially coined in response to the massacre of Palestinian fighters by Jordanian troops in 1970. This chapter examines the central importance of the Palestinian question in Khatibi’s writings, from his 1974 polemic Vomito blanco to his exchanges with Jacques Hassoun and Jacques Derrida in the 1980s and 90s, and argues that Khatibi was a precursor in what we might call the transcolonial turn.
Abdelkébir Khatibi
Authors: McNeece Lucy Stone
Published: May 2021

Despite the considerable acclaim that Khatibi’s work has received, critics are frequently challenged to describe it. It is often considered « hybrid, » because it cannot be contained by the genres and categories of thought that we associate with Literature. I will argue that Khatibi’s work is less hybrid than « hermetic, » and that the difficulty felt in classifying or even analyzing his writing, is due to the presence of echoes and traces of archaic traditions. Khatibi devoted years of his life to studying other cultures as well as his own, finding that it was a rich fabric of varied influences, just as he found that other cultures bear material traces of many buried encounters.
The influences present in Khatibi’s writing include Sufism, the traditions of Asia, such as the Tao and the Vedas, but also the esoteric sciences originating in Mesopotamia and Egypt that found their way to Greece, and which were revised and translated by Arabs and Eastern Christians. These entered into Europe from Andalusia and also through Italy, under the sponsorship of the Medicis, and contributed substantially to the revolution in the arts and sciences of the Renaissance.
These cultures entertained a different relation to signs and images than that which has predominated since the Enlightenment in Europe. They also had a less binary and hierarchised conception of the world and man’s place in it. They imagined the universe as the space of a continuous transformation of diverse elements, a view opposed to that of the rational individual as master of his environment. Ostracized by the Church and the State, they remained in shadow, treated as heresies. I will try to show that many of the unorthodox traits of Khatibi’s thought and writing can be attributed to the influence of these archaic traditions, whose poetic and ethical values have much to teach us in the modern world.
The Carpet as a Text, the Writer as a Weaver
Authors: Lyamlahy Khalid
Published: May 2021

“One must look at a beautiful carpet as one reads a page by Aristotle, that is, with the same acute attention”. For Khatibi, the Moroccan carpet is not only a decorative piece that reproduces motifs of Islamic art and combines sophisticated techniques of dyeing, tattooing and painting. It is also a living text, an intricate narrative that requires a specific approach to unravel its hidden symbols and meanings. In From Sign to Image: The Moroccan Carpet, a collective art book written with Moroccan anthropologist and museologist Ali Amahan, Khatibi explores the aesthetics of the Moroccan carpet in relation to ornamental patterns, spatial composition and oral culture. By combining a wide range of references to Islamic texts, Arabic appellations, Berber alphabet and Western writings, Khatibi offers a dynamic conception of the Moroccan carpet as a multifaceted space where artistic creation hinges on the interlacing of coded, fragmentary and imaginary signs. Khatibi’s reading of the Moroccan carpet as a lexis of “intersigns”, which he developed in a conference in 1985, offers a striking illustration of how Moroccan art informs his own process and theory of writing. The circulation of signs in the Moroccan carpet, which is mirrored in the kaleidoscopic composition of Khatibi’s and Mahan’s volume, is enriched with a compelling reference to the idea of desire in creation and reading. Based on a close-reading of this volume in relation to Khatibi’s works, this chapter demonstrates that the Moroccan carpet can be read as a metaphor for Khatibi’s aesthetics that fosters the encounter and weaving of forms, languages, and cultures.
The Artist’s Journey, or, the Journey as Art
Authors: Hiddleston Jane
Published: May 2021

Khatibi’s notion of the ‘étranger professionnel’, well known for its conceptualisation in Figures de l’étranger dans la littérature française and for its dramatisation in Un Eté à Stockholm, is a compelling signifier for his commitment to transnational thinking. This chapter will explore how his later, and perhaps most accomplished novel, Pèlerinage d’un artiste amoureux, gives fuller expression to the association between travel, creativity, cultural dialogue and free thinking that runs throughout his work. Based on the life of the author’s grandfather, the narrative traces the sculptor’s journey of pilgrimage to Mecca as well as his continued journeying around Morocco and through life. The artist’s aesthetic vision is explored throughout through his encounters with other cultures, through his reflections on history and on religion, and through his relationships with women. All the multiple dimensions of Khatibi’s previous works come to play in this novel, from anticolonialism to the critique of theocracy, and from transnationalism to spiritual communality, but it is significant that it is art – a figure also for Khatibi’s own literary writing – that shapes and enhances the protagonist’s mode of apprehending these issues. The text can be read in many ways as a synthesis and elaboration of Khatibi’s multiple philosophical preoccupations, which at the same time are reunited here in the work’s depiction of the creative vision.
Undermined Authority: John Reynolds and Dublin Corporation
Authors: Murphy James H.
Published: May 2021

This chapter sketches the municipal career of John Reynolds (1794-1868), a member of Dublin corporation, the city’s city council, between the 1840s and 1860s. Reynolds sat together with Daniel O’Connell on the corporation following the reform of that body in the early 1840s, yet he clashed with O’Connell over taxation. Later he campaigned for the abolition of minister’s money (a city tax to benefit the established church) and the freeman parliamentary franchise which favoured the Ascendancy and which may have cost him his own parliamentary seat. He had a disastrous year as Lord Mayor in 1850, easily allowing himself to be provoked into outbursts of rage, a habit that undermined his authority. Reynolds saw himself as combating the anti-Catholic sectarian animus of the former Dublin Tory ruling class but also sometimes played it up for his own advantage. The Tories on the corporation were riled by his pugilistic, populist approach to issues. With his early political and analytical skills much reduced, Reynolds never became the figure of authority he might have been.