bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and profiling of microRNAs responsive to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense
Authors: Xu Peng , Guo Huiqin , Wang Huihui , Xie Yuxin , Lee Shao Chin , Liu Ming , Zheng Jian , Mao Xiuli , Wang Huan , Liu Fatao , Wan Chunling , Qin Shengying , Liu Yun , Zhao Meirong , Wang Lan
Published: November 2019

Background

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant for aquatic animals. The freshwater crab,Sinopotamon henanense(S. henanense), is a useful model for monitoring Cd exposure since it is widely distributed in sediments whereby it tends to accumulate several toxicants, including Cd. In the recent years, the toxic effects of Cd in the hepatopancreas ofS. henanensehave been demonstrated by a series of biochemical analysis and ultrastructural observations as well as the deep sequencing approaches and gene expression profile analysis. However, the post-transcriptional regulatory network underlying Cd toxicity inS.henanenseis still largely unknown.

Results

The miRNA transcriptional profile of the hepatopancreas ofS. henanensewas used to investigate the expression levels of miRNAs in response to Cd toxicity. In total, 464 known miRNAs and 191 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these 656 miRNAs, 126 known miRNAs could be matched with the miRNAs ofPortunus trituberculatus,Eriocheir sinensisandScylla paramamosain. Furthermore, a total of 24 conserved miRNAs were detected in these four crab species. Fifty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the Cd-exposed group, with 31 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated. Eight of the differentially expressed miRNAs were randomly selected and verified by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and there was a general consistency (87.25%) between the qRT-PCR and miRNA transcriptome data. A total of 5258 target genes were screened by bioinformatics prediction. GO term analysis showed that, 17 GO terms were significantly enriched, which were mainly related to the regulation of oxidoreductase activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 18 pathways were significantly enriched, which were mainly associated with the biosynthesis, modification and degradation of proteins.

Conclusion

In response to Cd toxicity, in the hepatopancreas ofS. henanense, the expressions of significant amount of miRNAs were altered, which may be an adaptation to resist the oxidative stress induced by Cd. These results provide a basis for further studies of miRNA-mediated functional adaptation of the animal to combat Cd toxicity.
Saliency at first sight: instant identity referential advantage toward a newly met partner
Authors: Cheng Miao , Tseng Chia-huei
Published: November 2019

Neutral information enjoys beneficial processing when it is associated with self and significant others, but less is known about how the identity referential advantage is constructed in the initial stages of a relationship. We offer a novel solution by asking if a newly met stranger could provide a processing advantage in a shape-identity matching task where shapes were associated with the names of different identities. Each participant was paired with a newly met partner in a joint shape-identity matching task in which three shapes were associated with the names of the participant or his/her best friend, the partner, and a stranger, respectively. The participants judged whether or not the shape and name correctly matched.

Intriguingly, the trials related to a newly met partner exhibited instant referential saliency, which was more accurate and faster than that related to the stranger’s name (baseline) when the partner was physically present (experiments 1, 2, 4, 5), but not when the partner was absent (experiment 3). Self-advantage, however, was robust and lasting. The precursor of physical presence when forming referential saliency toward a stranger and its distinct temporal dynamics imply a novel referential benefit unendowed with familiarity, which is qualitatively different from the well-documented self/friend-advantage effect.
Nonlinear regression without i.i.d. assumption
Authors: Xu Qing , Xuan Xiaohua (Michael)
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we consider a class of nonlinear regression problems without the assumption of being independent and identically distributed. We propose a correspondent mini-max problem for nonlinear regression and give a numerical algorithm. Such an algorithm can be applied in regression and machine learning problems, and yields better results than traditional least squares and machine learning methods.
Shotgun Lipidomics Discovered Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Linked to Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Men
Authors: Kessler Katharina , Gerl Mathias J , Hornemann Silke , Damm Markus , Klose Christian , Petzke Klaus J , Kemper Margrit , Weber Daniela , Rudovich Natalia , Grune Tilman , Simons Kai , Kramer Achim , Pfeiffer Andreas F H , Pivovarova-Ramich Olga
Published: November 2019

Context

Meal timing affects metabolic homeostasis and body weight, but how composition and timing of meals affect plasma lipidomics in humans is not well studied.

Objective

We used high throughput shotgun plasma lipidomics to investigate effects of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on lipid metabolism and its relation to glycemic control.

Design

29 nondiabetic men consumed (1) a high-carb test meal (MTT-HC) at 09.00 and a high-fat meal (MTT-HF) at 15.40; or (2) MTT-HF at 09.00 and MTT-HC at 15.40. Blood was sampled before and 180 minutes after completion of each MTT. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected after overnight fast and both MTTs. Prior to each investigation day, participants consumed a 4-week isocaloric diet of the same composition: (1) high-carb meals until 13.30 and high-fat meals between 16.30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order.

Results

12 hour daily lipid patterns showed a complex regulation by both the time of day (67.8%) and meal composition (55.4%). A third of lipids showed a diurnal variation in postprandial responses to the same meal with mostly higher responses in the morning than in the afternoon. Triacylglycerols containing shorter and more saturated fatty acids were enriched in the morning. SAT transcripts involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation showed no diurnal variation. Diurnal changes of 7 lipid classes were negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, but not with glucose and insulin response or insulin secretion.

Conclusions

This study identified postprandial plasma lipid profiles as being strongly affected by meal timing and associated with insulin sensitivity.
Development of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination as a Component of Assessment for Initial Board Certification in Anesthesiology
Authors: Warner David O. , Isaak Robert S. , Peterson-Layne Cathleen , Lien Cynthia A. , Sun Huaping , Menzies Anna O. , Cole Daniel J. , Dainer Rupa J. , Fahy Brenda G. , Macario Alex , Suresh Santhanam , Harman Ann E.
Published: November 2019

With its first administration of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in 2018, the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) became the first US medical specialty certifying board to incorporate this type of assessment into its high-stakes certification examination system. The fundamental rationale for the ABA’s introduction of the OSCE is to include an assessment that allows candidates for board certification to demonstrate what they actually “do” in domains relevant to clinical practice. Inherent in this rationale is that the OSCE will capture competencies not well assessed in the current written and oral examinations—competencies that will allow the ABA to judge whether a candidate meets the standards expected for board certification more properly. This special article describes the ABA’s journey from initial conceptualization through first administration of the OSCE, including the format of the OSCE, the process for scenario development, the standardized patient program that supports OSCE administration, examiner training, scoring, and future assessment of reliability, validity, and impact of the OSCE. This information will be beneficial to both those involved in the initial certification process, such as residency graduate candidates and program directors, and others contemplating the use of high-stakes summative OSCE assessments.
Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity on Morphine Pharmacokinetics in Children
Authors: Dalesio Nicholas M. , Lee Carlton K. K. , Hendrix Craig W. , Kerns Nikole , Hsu Aaron , Clarke William , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath-Morrow Sharon , Yaster Myron , Brown Robert H. , Schwartz Alan R.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Obesity increases susceptibility to chronic pain, increases metabolism, and is associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), all which can complicate perioperative pain management of patients. In addition, obesity and OSAS can cause elevation of the adipose-derived hormone leptin, which increases metabolism. We hypothesized that obesity along with sleep apnea and leptin independently enhance morphine pharmacokinetics.

METHODS:

Children 5–12 years of age who were presenting for surgery were administered a morphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Blood was collected at baseline and at subsequent preset times for pharmacokinetic analysis of morphine and its metabolites. Three groups were studied: a nonobese group with severe OSAS, an obese group with severe OSAS, and a control group.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four patients consisting of controls (n = 16), nonobese/OSAS (n = 8), and obese/OSAS (n = 10) underwent analysis. The obese/OSAS group had a higher dose-adjusted mean maximum morphine concentration (CMAX) over 540 minutes compared to the controls (P < .001) and those with only OSAS (P = .014). The obese/OSAS group also had lower volume of distribution (Vd) when compared to OSAS-only patients (P = .007). In addition, those in the obese/OSAS group had a higher morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) maximum concentration (P = .012) and a higher ratio of M3G to morphine than did the control group (P = .011). Time to maximum morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) concentration was significantly lower in both nonobese/OSAS and obese/OSAS groups than in the control group (P < .005). C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-10, and leptin were all higher in the obese/OSAS group than in controls (P = .004, 0.026, and <0.001, respectively), and compared to OSAS-only patients, CRP (P = .013) and leptin (P = .002) levels were higher in the obese/OSAS group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combination of obesity and OSAS was associated with an increase in morphine metabolism compared with that in normal-weight controls. Our previous study in mice demonstrated that obesity from leptin deficiency decreased morphine metabolism, but that metabolism normalized after leptin replacement. Leptin may be a cause of the increased morphine metabolism observed in obese patients.
Subdural Displacement of an Epidural Catheter With Spinal Cord Compression in a Patient With Chronic Cancer Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Gerber Thomas J. , Friedrich Marie , Herren Gerber Renate , Sartoretti-Schefer Sabine , Ganter Michael T.
Published: November 2019

Here we present the case of a 76-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer receiving epidural analgesia for chronic cancer pain treatment. Attempts of running the epidural catheter sequentially resulted in unexpected and extensive sensory block together with sympathicolysis but insufficient pain control. Finally, after 3 failed attempts of epidural catheter placements with insufficient pain control and uncommon neurological signs, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the spine was ordered. The MRI showed subdural catheter displacement with extensive liquid accumulation in the subdural space and consequent significant spinal cord compression. Findings normalized after removing the subdural catheter.
The Emergence of the Global South Novel: Red Sorghum, Présence Africaine, and the Third Novelists' International
Authors: Zhang Y. P.
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on an overlooked connection between the “cultural fever” in China in the 1980s and a comparable cultural fever that emerged in Africa and the Caribbean in the mid-1950s through the writing of Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Jacques Stéphen Alexis, and others. It argues that, in the mid-1950s, these writers politicized their discourse on culture partly under the influence of Mao's “Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art.” In particular, they translated the tension between the state and the local, which is intrinsic to Mao's “Talks,” into the dialectical opposition between nationalism and pan-Africanism. In post-Mao China, Chinese writers released the local from the grip of the state and aligned localism with a nascent cosmopolitanism, which inclined them to identify with Third World cosmopolitan writers. In the process of translating post-Mao Chinese literature into the mechanism of the world literary system, writers and translators transformed localism into an assimilable cult of culture. By looking at the shift of value in Chinese literature in the 1980s in relation to a change of consciousness in Euro-American literary culture in the same period, this article further argues that the context of Third Worldism is largely eliminated in the reception of global South literature in the world literary setting. It contends that recognizing the formation of Third World cosmopolitan novelists in the milieu of an international socialist literary culture oriented to the Third World necessitates the construction of a global history of the novel that will redress the myopia in novel studies, postcolonialism, and contemporary theories of world literature.
Frances Burney and the Art of Accident
Authors: O'Briain Katarina
Published: November 2019

This article argues that Frances Burney's long, diffuse works of fiction develop an ethics of accident within the history of the novel. Whereas critics from the eighteenth century to today have privileged “art”—in the sense of careful, deliberate skill and conduct—as a crucial marker of human character, Burney insists on filling her novels with a succession of unexpected events and a multitude of characters surprised by their own actions. By refusing to treat accident as a mistake to be improved upon—in the realm of either characterological conduct or authorial craft—Burney posits an ethics of the novel that treats matters of chance and modes of depleted agency as central aspects of the human condition rather than as markers of moral or aesthetic failure. Setting Burney's texts within ascendant modes of economy and finance in the eighteenth century, the article suggests that this ethics marks a key change within the rise of the novel that continues well into late capitalism.
Suzanne Eaton (1959-2019)
Authors: Jülicher Frank
Published: November 2019

Suzanne Eaton, Professor at the Technical University Dresden and Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, tragically died on 2 July 2019. Suzanne was a remarkable person, both as a scientist and as a human being. Having worked closely with Suzanne for many years, I remember here some of her key scientific contributions.
TRIM32, but not its muscular dystrophy-associated mutant, positively regulates and is targeted to autophagic degradation by p62/SQSTM1
Authors: Overå Katrine Stange , Garcia-Garcia Juncal , Bhujabal Zambarlal , Jain Ashish , Øvervatn Aud , Larsen Kenneth Bowitz , Deretic Vojo , Johansen Terje , Lamark Trond , Sjøttem Eva
Published: November 2019

The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute a family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including protein homeostasis and autophagy. TRIM32 is characterized by six protein–protein interaction domains termed NHL, various point mutations in which are associated with limb-girdle-muscular dystrophy 2H (LGMD2H). Here, we show that TRIM32 is an autophagy substrate. Lysosomal degradation of TRIM32 was dependent on ATG7 and blocked by knockout of the five autophagy receptors p62 (also known as SQSTM1), NBR1, NDP52 (also known as CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1 and OPTN, pointing towards degradation by selective autophagy. p62 directed TRIM32 to lysosomal degradation, while TRIM32 mono-ubiquitylated p62 on lysine residues involved in regulation of p62 activity. Loss of TRIM32 impaired p62 sequestration, while reintroduction of TRIM32 facilitated p62 dot formation and its autophagic degradation. A TRIM32LGMD2H disease mutant was unable to undergo autophagic degradation and to mono-ubiquitylate p62, and its reintroduction into the TRIM32-knockout cells did not affect p62 dot formation. In light of the important roles of autophagy and p62 in muscle cell proteostasis, our results point towards impaired TRIM32-mediated regulation of p62 activity as a pathological mechanisms in LGMD2H.
Strength Training Increases Conduction Velocity of High-Threshold Motor Units
Authors: CASOLO ANDREA , FARINA DARIO , FALLA DEBORAH , BAZZUCCHI ILENIA , FELICI FRANCESCO , DEL VECCHIO ALESSANDRO
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Motor unit conduction velocity (MUCV) represents the propagation velocity of action potentials along the muscle fibers innervated by individual motor neurons and indirectly reflects the electrophysiological properties of the sarcolemma. In this study, we investigated the effect of a 4-wk strength training intervention on the peripheral properties (MUCV and motor unit action potential amplitude, RMSMU) of populations of longitudinally tracked motor units (MU).

Methods

The adjustments exhibited by 12 individuals who participated in the training (INT) were compared with 12 controls (CON). Strength training involved ballistic (4 × 10) and sustained (3 × 10) isometric ankle dorsiflexions. Measurement sessions involved the recordings of maximal voluntary isometric force and submaximal isometric ramp contractions, whereas high-density surface EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior. High-density surface EMG signals were decomposed into individual MU discharge timings, and MU was tracked across the intervention.

Results

Maximal voluntary isometric force (+14.1%,P= 0.003) and average MUCV (+3.0%,P= 0.028) increased in the INT group, whereas normalized MU recruitment threshold (RT) decreased (−14.9%,P= 0.001). The slope (rate of change) of the regression between MUCV and MU RT increased only in the INT group (+32.6%,P= 0.028), indicating a progressive greater increase in MUCV for higher-threshold MU. The intercept (initial value) of MUCV did not change after the intervention (P= 0.568). The association between RMSMUand MU RT was not altered by the training.

Conclusion

The increase in the rate of change in MUCV as a function of MU RT, but not the initial value of MUCV, suggests that short-term strength training elicits specific adaptations in the electrophysiological properties of the muscle fiber membrane in high-threshold MU.
Temporal Muscle-specific Disuse Atrophy during One Week of Leg Immobilization
Authors: KILROE SEAN P. , FULFORD JONATHAN , JACKMAN SARAH R. , VAN LOON LUC J. C. , WALL BENJAMIN T.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Musculoskeletal injuries necessitate periods of disuse (i.e., limb immobilization) during which rapid skeletal muscle atrophy occurs. The relative susceptibility of different muscles of the thigh to disuse atrophy remains uninvestigated. We assessed muscle disuse atrophy of individual thigh muscles throughout 1 wk of unilateral knee immobilization.

Methods

Thirteen healthy, young (20.2 ± 0.6 yr) men underwent 7 d of unilateral leg immobilization via knee bracing. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed bilaterally prior to, and following 2 and 7 d of immobilization to determine the volume and anatomical cross-sectional area of the individual muscle groups of the upper legs.

Results

In contrast to the control leg, total thigh muscle volume had decreased by 1.7% ± 0.3% (P < 0.01) and 5.5% ± 0.6% (P < 0.001) in the immobilized leg after 2 and 7 d of disuse, respectively. Muscle loss was significantly greater in the Musculus quadriceps (day 2; 1.7% ± 0.3% (P < 0.05) and day 7; 6.7% ± 0.6%) when compared with the Musculus hamstrings (day 2; 1.4% ± 0.2% (P < 0.01) and day 7; 3.5% ± 0.3%) after 7 d of disuse (P < 0.001). Individual muscles of the thigh exhibited different atrophy rates with the Musculus vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area showing the greater (2.6% ± 0.4% and 7.2% ± 0.8%), and the Musculus gracilis the lesser (1.1% ± 0.7% and 2.3% ± 1.0%) decline following 2 and 7 d of immobilization, respectively (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Thigh muscle disuse atrophy occurs rapidly and is already evident within 2 d of leg immobilization and progresses at a similar rate over the next 5 d (~0.8% muscle loss per day). M. quadriceps muscle shows more atrophy when compared with the M. hamstrings.
Radiomic analysis for response assessment in advanced head and neck cancers, a distant dream or an inevitable reality? A systematic review of the current level of evidence
Authors: Guha Amrita , Connor Steve , Anjari Mustafa , Naik Harish , Siddiqui Musib , Cook Gary , Goh Vicky
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The recent increase in publications on radiomic analysis as means to produce diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in head and neck cancers (HNCC) reveal complicated and often conflicting results. The objective of this paper is to systematically review the published data, and evaluate the current level of evidence accumulated that would determine clinical application.

Methods:

Data sources: Articles in the English language available on the Ovid-MEDLINE and Embase databases were used for the literature search. Study selection:Studies which evaluated the role of radiomics as a predictive or prognostic tool for response assessment in HNCC were included in this review.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The authors set-out to perform a meta-analysis, however given the small number of studies retrieved that presented adequate data, combined with excessive methodological heterogeneity, we could only perform a structured descriptive systematic review summarizing the key findings. Independent extraction of articles was performed by two authors using predefined data fields and any disagreement was resolved by consensus.

Results:

Though most papers concluded that radiomics is an effective predictive and prognostic biomarker in the management of HNCC, significant heterogeneity exists in the study methodology and statistical modelling; thus precluding accurate mathematical comparison or the ability to make clear recommendations going forwards. Moreover, most studies have not been validated and the reproducibility of their results will be a challenge.

Conclusion:

Until robust external validation studies on the reproducibility and accuracy of radiomic analysis methods on HNCC are carried out, the current level of evidence remains low, with the authors advising caution against hasty implementation of these tools in the multidisciplinary clinic.

Advances in knowledge:

This review is the first attempt to critically analyze the merits and demerits of currently published literature on tumour heterogeneity studies in HNCC, and identifies specific loop holes that need to be addressed by research groups, for a meaningful clinical translation of this potential biomarker.
Sequencing data from Massachusetts General Hospital shows Cas9 integration into the genome, highlighting a serious hazard in gene-editing therapeutics
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: November 2019

The ability to edit a specific gene within our genomes using guided-nucleases (Cas9/ZFN/TALEN - CaZiTa) presents huge opportunities for curing many genetic disorders. Delivery of this ‘drug’ within cells is a critical step for such therapies. The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to enter cells makes it a perfect choice as a vector for gene therapy. A plasmid comprising the rAAV, the CaZiTa, guide RNAs (for CRISPR) is expected to enter the cell, edit the target gene(s), remain episomal, and thus fade away with time. However, the rather obvious danger of integration of the plasmid into the genome, if the episomal hypothesis is incorrect, is under-reported. A recent report has highlighted that bacterial genes from a plasmid were integrated into bovine genomes. Massachusetts General Hospital has recently published data on CRISPR edits (Accid:PRJNA563918), noting ‘high levels of AAV integration (up to 47%) into Cas9-induced double-strand breaks’. However, there is no mention of Cas9 integration. Here, the same data from Massachusetts General Hospital shows Cas9 integration in the exact edit sites provided for two genes - TMC1 and DMD. Also, there is a mis-annotation of one sample as ‘no gRNA’, since Cas9 integrations have been detected in that sample. This is an important distinction between AAV and CaZiTa integration: while AAV integration can be tolerated, Cas9 integration is a huge, and unacceptable, danger.
БИНАРНАЯ ОППОЗИЦИЯ «СВОЙ – ЧУЖОЙ» В РЕЛИГИОЗНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ БИБЛЕЙСКОГО ТЕКСТА)
Authors: Plankina Regina Maratovna
Published: November 2019

Цель. В центре внимания исследователя находится такое понятие как религиозный дискурс. Статья посвящена семантическому анализу бинарной оппозиции свой – чужой в Библии. Целью данной работы является исследование способов реализации бинарной оппозиции свой – чужой с точки зрения ее семантических особенностей в религиозном дискурсе на материале библейских текстов.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методологическую основу исследования составляет совокупность методов анализа словарных дефиниций, метода сплошной выборки, а также метода контекстуального анализа, предполагающий рассмотрение вопроса о содержании культурной коннотации и условиях ее актуализации в контексте.Результаты. В результате получены выводы о том, что бинарная оппозиция свой – чужой представляет собой разделение по принципу принадлежности или не принадлежности к группе своих, а также условно обозначает зоны своего и чужого духовного пространства.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в теоретических и практических курсах общего языкознания, лингвокультурологии, литературоведении и религоведении, а также в исследовании и анализе других бинарных оппозиций.
АРГУМЕНТАТИВНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ БРИТАНСКОГО КРИЗИСНОГО ДИСКУРСА
Authors: Kaufova Inessa Betalovna , Kaufova Lola Aslanovna
Published: November 2019

Цель. Авторы ставят целью выделить и проанализировать свойственные британскому политическому лидеру Терезе Мэй лексические средства реализации аргументативных стратегий кризисного дискурса.Метод и методология исследования. Основными методами исследования данной работы являются лингвистический, описательный и логико-семантический анализ.Результаты. Кризисный дискурс отмечен употреблением определенных стратегий, языковых средств и приемов, оказывающих более сильное воздействие на аудиторию в условиях кризисной ситуации, чем в более благополучный период. В речи британского политика Т. Мэй присутствуют все главные стратегии кризисного дискурса: стратегия легитимизации, интерпретации, ориентации, мотивации, демонстрации контроля, интеграции и агональности.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в области политической лингвистики, культурологи и риторики.
ВИДОВЫЕ (АСПЕКТАЛЬНЫЕ) ГРАММЕМЫ РУССКОГО ГЛАГОЛА И СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТИВНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В КИТАЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (ФРАГМЕНТ ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСАНИЯ В ЦЕЛЯХ РКИ)
Authors: Akimova Inga Igorevna , Grigorova Elena Alekseevna , Omarova Leyla Alacberovna
Published: November 2019

Актуальность. Выражение временных и тесно связанных с ними аспектуальных значений русского глагола – весьма сложный фрагмент грамматики русского языка, что заставляет специалистов-практиков обращаться к родному языку учащегося или к языку-посреднику. Практика показала, что сопоставительный (контрастивный) анализ, проводимый в учебных целях, особенно актуален в аудитории носителей неевропейских языков, в частности, китайского языка, который, как известно, хотя и является аналитическим, но не похож на европейские языки по способу выражения лингвоуниверсальных временных и аспектуальных значений.Цель и методика. Исследование выполнено в направлении функционально-коммуникативной фундаментальной прикладной грамматики русского языка [9]. С целью создания лингводидактического описания русского языка как иностранного для аудитории многочисленных китайских учащихся мы рассматриваем фрагмент грамматики глагольного вида в сопоставительном аспекте.Методы исследования. Статья предназначена для практиков-русистов, в основном не владеющих китайским языком, примеры могут быть использованы в китайской аудитории, этим обусловлена необходимость калек (без изменения форм русского слова) и латинской транскрипции китайских примеров в системе 汉语拼音 Hànyǔ pīnyīn (Ханьюй пиньинь). Сравнительный (контрастивный) метод позволяет учесть лингвистическую относительность и сформировать у учащихся ‒ носителей китайского языка алгоритм перекодировки путем использования учебного перевода как обучающего приема.Результаты. В статье показаны различия способов выражения временных планов предложения-высказывания и аспектуальности в китайском и русском языках, что вынуждает практиков РКИ искать иные способы представления данной категории, чем принятое в базовых учебниках приписывание формам совершенного вида значений «однократность» и «результат», а также семантический признак «изменение ситуации», а формам несовершенного вида – значений «факт», «процесс» и «повторяемость». Дело в том, что ряд граммем не противоречат друг другу (процес с и повторяемость; факт и результат), а сами эти граммемы проявляются в видовременных формах не любых глаголов, а только у глаголов определенных семантических (аспектуальных) классов.Область применения результатов исследования. Результаты исследования актуальны для лингводидактического описания глагольного вида как одной из категорий (функционально-грамматической), предназначенной для выражения универсально-языковых значений аспектуальности, и для оптимизации преподавания РКИ китайским учащимся и создания грамматики глагольного вида в педагогических целях.
Rare Case of Upside-Down Stomach in Advanced Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Merza Nooraldin , Lung John , Bazzaz Omar , Aljuboory Farah , Saadaldin Mazin
Published: November 2019

Upside-down stomach (UDS) is the rarest type of hiatal hernia, which is migration and volvulus of the entire stomach into the posterior mediastinum. We present a case of a patient with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed 3 months ago, admitted for syncope and signs of aspiration pneumonia, with incidental findings of hiatal hernia type IV with UDS. A 74-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department complaining of syncope. The patient had been experiencing generalized weakness and a history of multiple falls without head injury. Upon physical examination the patient was not in acute distress. The chest x-ray was suspicious for pneumonia. Upon admission, the patient had a hemoglobin level of 6.8 g/dl. He was transfused with multiple units of packed RBCs during his stay for treatment of his anemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome. A CT thorax revealed a large hiatal hernia type IV with UDS within the posterior mediastinum. Surgical intervention was recommended, but the patient elected to postpone surgery due to no symptoms and was discharged. The patient died one month later from complications related to myelodysplastic syndrome. The diagnosis of upside down stomach can be suspected on chest X-ray but requires a high degree of suspicion. All surgical interventions for UDS must consider the overall prognosis of the patient and estimated improved quality of life before repair, especially with the high recurrence of UDS even after surgical repair.
A Imaginação Constitucional Brasileira e o Mito da Atuação Contramajoritária: conferências nacionais de políticas públicas e a concretização de direitos de minorias por Poderes eleitos | The Brazilian Constitutional Imagination and the Myth of Countermajoritarian Action: national conferences of public policies and the achievement of minority law by elected Branches
Authors: Nunes Daniel Capecchi
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar as limitações de um dos mitos fundadores da imaginação constitucional brasileira, qual seja a noção de que somente o Poder Judiciário atuaria em defesa dos direitos de grupos minoritários. Por meio do caso das conferências nacionais de políticas públicas sobre direitos de minorias, demonstra-se como órgãos eleitos são capazes de produzir normas no interesse de grupos cuja representação política é reduzida, pela via de instrumentos participativos. A partir de pesquisas empíricas sobre o impacto de tais conferências na produção normativa do Legislativo e do Executivo, questiona-se a premissa de que uma atuação contramajoritária seria exclusiva do Judiciário. A partir disso, pretende-se alcançar dois objetivos. Em primeiro plano, direcionar um ônus argumentativo à presunção de oposição entre atuação contramajoritária e poderes majoritários. Em segundo plano, apontar a necessidade de explorar novos desenhos institucionais aptos a concretizar direitos de minorias em espaços não-judiciais.
Direitos territoriais indígenas: uma interpretação intercultural | Indigenous land rights: an intercultural interpretation
Authors: Araujo Junior Julio Jose
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo busca contribuir para a construção, pela via da interculturalidade, de uma interpretação efetivamente plural dos direitos territoriais indígenas. Nesse sentido, além de rechaçar uma prática assimilacionista, que vigorou oficialmente antes da Constituição de 1988 e que até hoje prepondera informalmente entre nós, o trabalho propõe a observância de certas diretrizes, extraídas do próprio projeto constitucional, e a conjugação das perspectivas indígenas e de aspectos essenciais do princípio da igualdade e do direito antidiscriminação para a implementação dos comandos constitucionais pertinentes ao tema, por meio de uma abordagem intercultural, de inspiração descolonial.
A acidentada história de três ações civis públicas em matéria de saneamento | The bumpy story of three public civil actions in sanitation
Authors: Monteiro Julia Iunes , Barcellos Ana Paula De
Published: November 2019

Este artigo realiza uma análise do andamento processual de três ações civis públicas relativas a saneamento básico ajuizadas nos Municípios de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul; Tubarão, Santa Catarina e Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo tem um duplo objetivo. Em primeiro lugar, trazer exemplos concretos e atualizados da pesquisa realizada por Ana Paula de Barcellos e disponível no artigo “Sanitation Rights, Public Law Litigation, and Inequality: A Case Study from Brazil”[1] no que diz respeito ao cumprimento das decisões judiciais proferidas em cada uma dessas ações, que determinavam a prestação de serviços de saneamento básico. Espera-se que a investigação qualitativa desses casos em particular possa colaborar na complementação dos dados quantitativos levantados pela pesquisa citada. O segundo objetivo do estudo é avaliar a existência e acessibilidade de informações acerca da execução das referidas decisões judiciais. As conclusões apuradas foram as seguintes: (i) existe um grande abismo entre a consagração judicial do direito e sua efetiva implementação na realidade; e (ii) os sites dos Tribunais não contém informações acerca da execução real das decisões judiciais nos casos examinados.[1] Artigo publicado no Health and Human Rights Journal nº 2, Vol, 16. December, 2014. Harvard University. Disponível em: https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/12/Barcellos-final.pdf
DIDÁTICA DA HISTÓRIA E CURRÍCULOS PARA O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: RELACIONANDO PASSADO, PRESENTE E FUTURO NA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE O EUROCENTRISMO
Authors: Moreno Jean Carlos
Published: November 2019

Partindo do mal-estar produzido pela discussão da primeira versão da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), propomos analisar as possibilidades e limites da apropriação da Didática da História ruseniana como uma das bases para pensar os currículos de História contemporâneos no Brasil e na América Latina como um todo. As potencialidades são construídas a partir do caráter conceitual do pensamento histórico, destacando as noções de sentido e orientação em sua relação com a subjetividade humana, no atendimento às exigências externas da vida prática e internas da autocompreensão identitária. As limitações estariam ligadas à própria leitura do passado e do presente latino-americano que, pela dificuldade em superar sua história recente de colonização, impõe desafios extremos de orientação em relação à construção da moderna noção de autonomia individual e coletiva.
The quest to improve the quality of hospital food for patients
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: November 2019

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses an initiative by the Government to review and improve the nutritional quality of hospital food
Mochary example: how the highest European local species richness of pimpliform ichneumonid parasitoids (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae, Poemeniinae and Rhyssinae) is under threat of disappearance in the Carpathian forests

Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: November 2019

A small forest patch (approx. 250 ha) of the Ukrainian Carpathian forest revealed an unexpected diversity of ichneumonid parasitoids: 95 species of Pimplinae, Poemeniinae and Rhyssinae), comprising appoximately 39 % of the total number of European species. This is the highest local species richness of the group ever recorded in Europe and one of the highest in the World. These results were obtained due to the use of a long-term multi-method sampling programme. Being extremely diverse and highly specialized ichneumonids (saproxylic parasitoids especially) are relatively vulnerable to habitat destruction and endangered because of deforestation. This is important for conservation of natural Carpathian forests and understanding the requirements for further study and estimation of the studied group species richness. Key words: Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae, Poemeniinae, parasitoids, species richness, conservation, Ukraine
Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice
Authors: Muhammad-Azam Fazil , Nur-Fazila Saulol Hamid , Ain-Fatin Raslan , Noordin Mohamed Mustapha , Yimer Nurhusien
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Laboratory mice are widely used as a research model to provide insights into toxicological studies of various xenobiotic. Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that is commonly known as paracetamol, an ideal hepatotoxicant to exhibit centrilobular necrosis in laboratory mice to resemble humans. However, assessment of histopathological changes between mouse strains is important to decide the optimal mouse model used in APAP toxicity study. Therefore, we aim to assess the histomorphological features of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in BALB/C and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ICR mice and 20 BALB/C mice were used where five animals as control and the rest were randomly divided into four time points at 5, 10, 24 and 48 hours post-dosing (hpd). They were induced with 500 mg/kg APAP intraperitoneally. Liver sections were processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and histopathological changes were scored based on grading methods. Results: Intense centrilobular damage was observed as early as 5 hpd in BALB/C as compared to ICR mice, which was observed at 10 hpd. The difference of liver injury between ICR and BALB/C mice is due to dissimilarity in the genetic line-up that related to different elimination pathways of APAP toxicity. However, at 24 hpd, the damage was markedly subsided and liver regeneration had taken place for both ICR and BALB/C groups with evidence of mitotic figures. This study showed that normal liver architecture was restored after the clearance of toxic insult. Conclusion: AILI was exhibited earlier in BALB/C than ICR mice but both underwent liver recovery at later time points. Keywords: acetaminophen, BALB/C, histopathology, institute of cancer research, liver injury, liver regeneration.
Comparing cytotoxicity of propoxur and Nepeta crispa (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against invertebrate (Sf9) and vertebrate (L929) cell lines
Authors: Zahirnia Amirhossein , Boroomand Mitra , Nasirian Hassan , Salehzadeh Aref , Soleimani-Asl Sara
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Attempts to use the plant products are to be an appropriate option due to substantial concerns about human health and environmental problems of using synthetic pesticides. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of Nepeta crispa essential oil was compared with propoxur against invertebrate (Sf9) and vertebrate (L929) cell lines.

Materials and Methods: The cell lines of Sf9 and L929 which were derived from the ovary glands of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and mouse fibroblast cells, respectively, were obtained from the National Cell Bank of Pasteur Institute of Iran. About a number of 2 × 103 cells were placed into the wells of 96-well plate experiments. Then, appropriate concentrations of essential oil of N. crispa plant and propoxur added to the wells. The cells were allowed to grow for 3-5 days and estimated the numbers of cells. The cells of control experiment wells contained only cells with dimethyl sulfoxide. All control and treatment experiments repeated at least four replicates.

Results: Propoxur had negative effects on the viability of both invertebrate (Sf9) and vertebrate (L929) cell lines. The cytotoxicity of propoxur against invertebrate (Sf9) and vertebrate (L929) cell lines was gradually increased in accordance with propoxur concentrations. The cytotoxicity of N. crispa essential oil against vertebrate (L929) cell line was gradually decreased in accordance with plant concentrations, while the cytotoxicity of N. crispa essential oil against invertebrate (Sf9) cell line was strongly increased in accordance with plant concentrations.

Conclusion: Plant essential oil not only had no negative effects but also had boosting effects on vertebrate cell viability. Essential oil of N. crispa plant had negative effects on invertebrate cell viability with the differences that the products derived from plants possessing of biodegradable and environmentally friendly derivatives, hydrolyzing rapidly in nature, and nearly having no destructive effects on environment, humans, or the mammals.
Cinnamon oil downregulates virulence genes of poultry respiratory bacterial agents and revealed significant bacterial inhibition: An in vitro perspective
Authors: Erfan Ahmed Mohammed , Marouf Sherif
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Respiratory bacterial agents represent one of the most harmful factors that ordinarily threaten the poultry industry and usually lead to great economic losses. Meanwhile, there is a global demand to avoid the highly emerging antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in edible meat. Whereas, the use of alternatives became of great priority, especially for those substances extracted from natural plant origin. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of cinnamon oil as a herbal extract on different respiratory bacterial agents. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty biological samples were collected through targeted surveillance for respiratory diseased poultry farms representing three governorates, from which bacterial isolation and identification, DNA sequencing of representative strains were performed. Furtherly, phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of the antibacterial effect of cinnamon oil was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration, agar disk diffusion, and virulence genes expression real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Cinnamon oil gave rise to acceptable degrees of virulence genes downregulation of 0.15, 0.19, 0.37, 0.41, 0.77, and 0.85 for Staphylococcus aureus sed gene, Escherichia coli stx1 gene, Avibacterium paragallinarum HPG-2 gene, Pasteurella multocida ptfA gene, Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mgc2 gene, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale adk gene, respectively. Phenotypically, using agar disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution susceptibility, cinnamon oil showed also tolerable results as it stopped the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, P. multocida, and A. paragallinarum with varying zones of inhibition. Conclusion: The encountered results declared the successful in vitro effect of cinnamon oil that recommends its application for living birds for future use as a safe antibacterial in the poultry industry.
Impact of biomass harvesting on nitrogen concentration in the soil solution in hemiboreal woody ecosystems
Authors: Kļaviņš Ivars , Bārdule Arta , Lībiete Zane , Lazdiņa Dagnija , Lazdiņš Andis
Published: November 2019

Considering the increasing use of wood biomass for energy and the related intensification of forest management, the impacts of different intensities of biomass harvesting on nutrient leaching risks must be better understood. Different nitrogen forms in the soil solution were monitored for 3 to 6 years after harvesting in hemiboreal forests in Latvia to evaluate the impacts of different biomass harvesting regimes on local nitrogen leaching risks, which potentially increase eutrophication in surface waters. In forestland dominated by Scots pine L. or Norway spruce L. (Karst.), the soil solution was sampled in: (i) stem-only harvesting (SOH), (ii) wholeâtree harvesting, with only slash removed (WTH), and (iii) wholeâtree harvesting, with both slash and stumps harvested (WTHâ+âSB), subplots. In agricultural land, sampling was performed in an initially fertilised hybrid aspen ( L.Ã Michx.) short-rotation coppice (SRC), where above-ground biomass was harvested. In forestland, soil solution N (nitrogen) concentrations were highest in the second and third year after harvesting. Mean annual values in WTH subplots of medium to high fertility sites exceeded the mean values in SOH subplots and control subplots (mature stand where no harvesting was performed) for the entire study period; the opposite trend was observed for the low-fertility site. Biomass harvesting in the hybrid aspen SRC only slightly affected NO-N (nitrate nitrogen) and NH-N (ammonium nitrogen) concentrations in the soil solution within 3 years after harvesting, but a significant decrease in the TN (total nitrogen) concentration in the soil solution was found in plots with additional N fertilisation performed once initially.Pinus sylvestrisPicea abiesPopulus tremulaP. tremuloides3â4+
Thrombotic Storm With Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Josyabhatla Rohit , Hsu Diane , McGuire Michael , D'Mello Sharon
Published: November 2019

Ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic phenomena. Thrombotic storm defined by the development of multiple thrombi in multiple locations within a short period of time is a rare condition that is potentially life threatening. We present a 14-year-old adolescent boy with an ulcerative colitis flare complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome and thrombotic storm.
Bacterial Endocarditis Following Deep Enteroscopy: Is Prophylaxis Warranted?
Authors: Ferm Samson , Siu Michael K. , Chhetry Minar , Jacobson Ira M. , Tay Steven , Rubin Moshe
Published: November 2019

The development of bacterial endocarditis as a result of endoscopic interventions within the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare. Antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic procedures is generally not warranted, except for certain high-risk patients. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a common endoscopic procedure for evaluation of the small bowel. Bacterial endocarditis secondary to DBE has not been previously described. We describe the first case of enterococcal endocarditis attributed to DBE in a patient with a history of stage 1 primary biliary cholangitis.