bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Sintered Materials Obtained from Ferrite Nanopowders Synthesised with Different Methods
Authors: Zālīte Ilmārs , Heidemane Gundega , Krūmiņa Aija , Rašmane Dzintra , Grabis Jānis , Maiorov Mikhail
Published: February 2018

Ferrite materials, especially those containing nickel and cobalt, are popular due to their unique mechanical and magnetic properties. Single phase NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanopowders obtained by different methods were used for sintering studies. Chemical sol-gel self-propagating combustion method, co-precipitation technology combined with hydrothermal synthesis or spray-drying method, and high frequency plasma chemical synthesis have been used to synthesize ferrite nanopowders. Relatively dense (95-99%) materials with high saturation magnetization (MS = 80-84 emu/g for CoFe2O4 and MS = 46-48 emu/g for NiFe2O4) were obtained at 1100-1200 °C temperatures.
2D Computational-Numerical Hardness Comparison between Fe-Based Hardfaces with WC-Co Reinforcements for Integral-Differential Modelling
Authors: Casesnoves Fransisco
Published: February 2018

Current industrial-hardface reinforcements presentdiverse geometrical shapes, reinforcement-particle size, chemicalcompounds proportions, volume-spatial-distribution, and chemicalcomposition—several kinds of manufactured material types orrecycling ones. Functional Erosion Models, namely, Integral-Differential Models, implement hardness spatial-distributionfunctions to determine accurately the erosion wear magnitude alongthe hardface [Casesnoves, 2016-7]. In previous contributions,several models were simulated/optimized in erosion impact wear overthese hardness differentiable functions—with separated mathematicalanalysis for matrix and reinforcement. This research is focused onextent numerical-computational comparison between two types ofreinforcements manufactured with the same hardface matrix andmanufactured with equal alloy substrate. The simulations, based onlarge laboratory data, are performed from hardface hardness part-distributions to complete/total hardface hardness plottings.Programming software was developed in two kinds of compilators,that is, Freemat and Matlab. Results involve both numerical anduseful graphical determinations for further modellingimplementation. Practical engineering conclusions for erosionfunctional algorithms and accurate tribological models, andrecycling engineering industry, are obtained from the study.
Problems with Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) in Food Industry Wastewaters and Recovered FOG Recycling Methods Using Anaerobic Co-Digestion: A Short Review
Authors: Klaucans Elvis , Sams Karlis
Published: February 2018

Food production industry is the main producer of wastewaters with high fat, oil, and grease (FOG) content. FOG waste can be recovered from the wastewater stream by using physicochemical methods and reused considering their high methane potential. Popular method of FOG reuse is anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with wastewater treatment sludge and scum from the primary wastewater sedimentation tanks. This short review focuses on understanding the efficiency of FOG reuse possibilities by AcoD and takes a closer look at problems connected to degradation issues, gives an understanding on microbial changes during FOG degradation, and reviews enzymes involved in the degradation process.
Activated Carbon Design from Sludge to Remove Red Scarlet Nylosan “F3GL” in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bensalah Farhat , Iddou Abdelkader , Hentit Hafida , Aziz Abdallah , Shishkin Andrei
Published: February 2018

Activated carbon prepared from industrial wastewater treatment plant dry sludge was proven to be efficient for the removal of refractory dye red scarlet nylosan (F3GL). Mixed treatment (chemical followed by thermal) considerably improved the adsorption capacity of the sludge. Batch tests at 40 °C gave maximal adsorption capacity. Application of Langmuir model gave 434.78 mg/g for treated material (SNHC) and 169.49 mg/g for the unmodified material (S). Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is favored by an increase of temperature. The values of the enthalpy revealed physic-sorption. The results clearly showed that the mixed treatment of the adsorbent is the most adequate for the removal of toxic substances such as dyes present in industrial wastewaters.
Â¿CuÃ¡l es el eslabÃ³n perdido en nuestra Ciencia de lo Artificial?
Authors: Negrete Martínez José
Published: February 2018

La Inteligencia Artificial puede verse como un andamiaje cognitivo [1] de nuestra propia inteligencia y tambiÃ©n como un andamiaje para la cogniciÃ³n de mÃ¡quinas tales como los Robots enactivos [2].
Highly rotating fluids with vertical stratification for periodic data and vanishing vertical viscosity
Authors: Scrobogna Stefano
Published: February 2018

We prove that the three-dimensional, periodic primitive equations with zero vertical diffusivity are globally well posed if the Rossby and Froude number are sufficiently small. The initial data is considered to be of zero horizontal average and the space domain may be resonant. No smallness assumption is assumed on the initial data.
On the boundedness of the bilinear Hilbert transform along “non-flat” smooth curves. The Banach triangle case $(L^r, 1 ≤ r < \infty)$
Authors: Lie Victor
Published: February 2018

We show that the bilinear Hilbert transform

H_{\Gamma}

along curves

\Gamma=(t,-\gamma(t))

with

\gamma\in\mathcal {NF}^{C}

is bounded from

L^{p}(\mathbb R) \times L^{q}(\mathbb R)\,\rightarrow\,L^{r}(\mathbb R)

where

p,\,q,\,r

are Hölder indices, i.e.,

{1}/{p} + {1}/{q}={1}/{r}

, with

1 < p <\infty

,

1 < q\leq\infty

and

1\leq r < \infty

. Here

\mathcal {NF}^{C}

stands for a wide class of smooth “non-flat” curves near zero and infinity whose precise definition is given below. This continues author's earlier works, extending the boundedness range of

H_{\Gamma}

to any triple of indices

({1}/{p},\,{1}/{q},\,{1}/{r'})

within the Banach triangle. Our result is optimal up to end-points.
ANÁLISE COMPARADA DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO A "REVENGE PORN" PELO MUNDO
Authors: Neris Natália , Ruiz Juliana Pacetta , Valente Mariana Giorgetti
Published: February 2018

O trabalho consiste em uma investigação sobre o tratamento de disseminação não consentida de imagens íntimas (mais conhecido como "revenge porn”) ao redor do mundo. Por meio da problemática “como se dá a regulação/tratamento da disseminação não consentida de conteúdo íntimo em outros países do mundo?” mapearam-se diferenças e semelhanças entre o tratamento do problema em vinte e seis países, incluindo o Brasil, e a forma como as instituições enxergam-no e classificam-no. A análise indica uma tendência predominante de criminalização da conduta, e, no presente artigo, além de apresentar tais resultados, apontamos outras vias/soluções de alguns países para a questão que contemplam políticas públicas. A sistematização das respostas e sua discussão crítica faz-se fundamental para que o problema - que persiste em diferentes contextos - seja enfrentado considerando sua complexidade tanto do ponto de vista das relações de gênero quanto da garantia dos direitos digitais.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS DE COMPUTAÇÃO EM NUVEM: ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL DOS RELATÓRIOS DO GLOBAL CLOUD COMPUTING SCORECARD
Authors: Costa Lucas Dos Santos , Medeiros Marcos Fernando Machado de
Published: February 2018

Quando novos comportamentos, serviços e tecnologias surgem na sociedade faz-se necessário que o Estado avalie as possibilidades de regulamentação de tais situações visando o bem-estar da população, crescimento econômico sadio, limitando possíveis abusos que venham a acontecer. Um instrumento de gestão responsável por suprir tal necessidade é o diagnóstico, uma das principais finalidades dos relatórios da Business Software Alliance (BSA), organização responsável por coletar, processar e publicar informações sobre vários campos dentro da TI. As tecnologias que utilizam computação em nuvem se enquadram nesse contexto acima descrito, sendo assim, o presente trabalho de pesquisa visa apresentar a evolução das iniciativas de políticas públicas de computação em nuvem do Brasil, ainda, pretende localizá-lo no cenário internacional baseado nos relatórios, indicadores e ranking da BSA - Global Cloud Computing Scorecard. Para concretizar os objetivos propostos, os relatórios da Business Software Alliance e documentos dos países que são objeto de pesquisa foram estudados através de Análise Documental. Os resultados mostram que dentre os países inseridos no relatório, o Brasil possui os indicadores com menor desenvolvimento, sempre localizado nas últimas posições do ranking, nota-se como ponto positivo possuir o maior avanço dos países pertencentes ao BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul). Por fim, sugere que o Brasil utilize como benchmarking as políticas internacionais dos países com melhor classificação como meio de adaptar as políticas à realidade nacional, ou seja, utilizando as boas práticas existentes. Ainda assim, percebe-se que existe um grande campo de pesquisa a ser explorado no estudo de políticas públicas internacionais de computação em nuvem.
O periódico Seara no Timor Português (1949-1973): práticas de mediação e integração institucional pela imprensa católica
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre
Published: February 2018

Este artigo é um esforço de imaginação histórico-etnográfica voltado à compreensãoda ação missionária católica promovida pela Diocese de Díli no Timor Português. Talesforço foi estimulado pela leitura dos números do periódico Seara, publicado entre1949 e 1973 pela Diocese de Díli. Inspirado nas análises de Clifford Geertz e Eric Wolfsobre o papel dos “mediadores” para a produção de conexões sociológicas entre escalasglobais e locais, argumento que uma das principais ações da Diocese de Díli consistiaem harmonizar as ações dos missionários em Timor com as diretivas vindas do Vaticanoe do Estado Português, atuando como uma mediadora que transmitia (e subvertia)os projetos globais da Igreja Católica. A produção e distribuição de Seara era uma daspráticas pelas quais a mediação se realizava. De uma perspectiva diacrônica sobre taispráticas, discuto transformações nos projetos da Santa Sé no Timor Português assimcomo nas versões que a própria Diocese de Díli dava a essas instruções.
ЗАДАЧА ПАРАМЕТРЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ СО СЛУЧАЙНЫМИ ВЕЛИЧИНАМИ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ТРУДОЗАТРАТ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО АГРАРНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
Authors: Вараница-Городовская Ж И , Иваньо Я М
Published: February 2018

Основным показателем, характеризующим производительность труда, а также его эффективность на сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, является трудоемкость производства отдельных видов продукции, т. е. затраты труда в человеко-часах на единицу производимой продукции. Поэтому задача оптимизации (минимизации) трудозатрат на производство аграрной продукции имеет научно-практическое значение. Ее постановка и решение повышает эффективность планирования работ на сельхозпредприятиях и определяет перспективы развития хозяйства. В статье приведена методика минимизации трудозатрат на производство аграрной продукции, учитывающая сочетание детерминированных и вероятностных производственно-экономических параметров, реализованная на примере одного из средних по размеру предприятий Иркутской области. В описанной задаче математического программирования часть параметров целевой функции может быть описана в виде нелинейных трендов с учетом верхних и нижних оценок. Другие коэффициенты при неизвестных целевой функции являются случайными величинами. Кроме того, ограничения оптимизационной задачи включают в себя вероятностные коэффициенты при неизвестных левых частей ограничений. Другими словами, сформулирована задача параметрического программирования со случайными коэффициентами при неизвестных в целевой функции и левых частях ограничений. Алгоритм решения такой задачи основан на использовании прогностических значений по выделенным трендам и моделировании случайных величин с помощью метода Монте-Карло по определенным законам распределения вероятностей. Построенная модель оптимизации трудозатрат реализована для среднего хозяйства «Иркутские семена».При решении реальной задачи трудозатраты на производство картофеля вычислялись по нелинейному гиперболическому тренду, а затраты на получение зерна согласно гамма-распределению. При этом урожайность зерновых культур моделировалась с помощью того же закона распределения. Таким образом, полученные оптимальные планы связаны с вероятностью затрат труда на производство этой культуры и вероятностью ее урожайности. Результатом решения задачи является распределение целевой функции, каждому значению которой соответствует оптимальный план. Кроме того, рассмотрен другой вариант модели, в которой использована линейная зависимость урожайности зерновых культур от трудозатрат. Анализ полученных оптимальных планов показал, что результаты моделирования по второму варианту характеризуются меньшим рассеянием. Поэтому применительно к рассматриваемому хозяйству предпочтительнее использовать модель со связью урожайности зерновых и трудозатрат на ее производство.
Fratrie et handicap (trisomie 21 versus autisme) : les représentations dans la littérature jeunesse
Authors: Lemoine Lise , Mietkiewicz Marie-Claude , Schneider Benoît
Published: February 2018

Cette étude s’intéresse aux représentations, dans la littérature jeunesse, des relations entre les enfants avec trisomie et autisme et leurs frères et soeurs, au regard des conclusions des travaux scientifiques sur les relations fraternelles à l’épreuve du handicap qui mettent en évidence l’impact différentiel de ces deux types de handicap sur la construction de ce lien. Cet intérêt pour la littérature jeunesse se justifie par le fait que lorsque les livres destinés aux jeunes enfants abordent des questions difficiles comme le handicap, ils proposent des situations et des modalités de réponse en accord avec les représentations et normes culturelles. Ainsi, ils peuvent aider au dialogue en particulier avec les frères et soeurs d'enfants avec handicap et remplir une fonction éducative. Dans cette perspective, 24 livres destinés aux enfants âgés de 3 à 12 ans, 12 pour chacun des deux types de handicap ont fait l’objet d’une analyse de contenu. Les résultats indiquent que tous les ouvrages autorisent l’expression de la souffrance et d’un rapport conflictuel avec l’enfant porteur de handicap. Mais, alors que l’empathie et les gratifications affectives perçues par la fratrie de l’enfant avec trisomie permettent d’instaurer la complicité, le rejet et l’indifférence ressentis par celle de l’enfant avec autisme peuvent entraver la construction du lien fraternel. À l’injonction parentale à la responsabilisation s’ajoute pour les frères et soeurs des enfants avec autisme l’exigence d’une compréhension inconditionnelle qui est ressentie comme injuste. Il appert donc que les livres étudiés sont susceptibles d’accompagner utilement les frères et soeurs des enfants porteurs de handicap et permettent une potentielle reprise éducative, mais ouvrent rarement sur une projection dans l’avenir.
Développement d’une grille d’observation : considérations théoriques et méthodologiques
Authors: Guikas Ioanna , Morin Diane , Bigras Marc
Published: February 2018

Nombre de recherches tentent de comprendre les phénomènes présents dans les relations entre individus. Que ce soit en utilisant des questionnaires, des entrevues ou des vignettes, il est difficile de mesurer ces phénomènes. L’observation systématique est une méthode possible qui permet de décrire une situation avec une certaine objectivité. Cet article fait état des considérations théoriques et méthodologiques entourant l’observation dans un contexte scolaire et présente les étapes de développement d’une grille d’observation mesurant les comportements des enseignants face aux troubles du comportement manifestés par des enfants présentant une déficience intellectuelle.
An FGF-driven feed-forward circuit patterns the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm in space and time
Authors: Razy-Krajka Florian , Gravez Basile , Kaplan Nicole , Racioppi Claudia , Wang Wei , Christiaen Lionel
Published: February 2018

In embryos, multipotent progenitors divide to produce distinct progeny and express their full potential. In vertebrates, multipotent cardiopharyngeal progenitors produce second-heart-field-derived cardiomyocytes, and branchiomeric skeletal head muscles. However, the mechanisms underlying these early fate choices remain largely elusive. The tunicate Ciona emerged as an attractive model to study early cardiopharyngeal development at high resolution: through two asymmetric and oriented divisions, defined cardiopharyngeal progenitors produce distinct first and second heart precursors, and pharyngeal muscle (aka atrial siphon muscle, ASM) precursors. Here, we demonstrate that differential FGF-MAPK signaling distinguishes between heart and ASM precursors. We characterize a feed-forward circuit that promotes the successive activations of essential ASM determinants, Hand-related, Tbx1/10 and Ebf. Finally, we show that coupling FGF-MAPK restriction and cardiopharyngeal network deployment with cell divisions defines the timing of gene expression and permits the emergence of diverse cell types from multipotent progenitors.
Developmental evolution of the forebrain in cavefish, from natural variations in neuropeptides to behavior
Authors: Alié Alexandre , Devos Lucie , Torres-Paz Jorge , Prunier Lise , Boulet Fanny , Blin Maryline , Elipot Yannick , Retaux Sylvie
Published: February 2018

The fish Astyanax mexicanus comes in two forms: the normal surface-dwelling and the blind depigmented cave-adapted morphs. Comparing the development of their basal forebrain, we found quantitative differences in numbers of cells in specific clusters for six out of nine studied neuropeptidergic cell types. Investigating the origins of these differences, we showed that early Shh and Fgf signaling impact on the development of NPY and Hypocretin clusters, via effect on Lhx7 and Lhx9 transcription factors, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that such neurodevelopmental evolution underlies behavioral evolution, linking a higher number of Hypocretin cells with hyperactivity in cavefish. Early embryonic modifications in signaling/patterning at neural plate stage therefore impact neuronal development and later larval behavior, bridging developmental evolution of a neuronal system and the adaptive behavior it governs. This work uncovers novel variations underlying the evolution and adaptation of cavefish to their extreme environment.
Precision 4D Printing of Multifunctional Olive Oil‐Based Acrylate Photo‐resin for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ghosal Krishanu , Rashed Nagham , Khamaisi Bassma , Farah Shady
Published: October 2024

Since the advent of 3D printing technology, a significant effort has been made to develop new 3D printable materials. Despite the recent progress in the field of 3D printing, the limited availability of photoactive resins has motivated continuous research endeavors to develop novel photoresins with multifunctional capabilities. Herein a biobased photoresin derived is reported from modified olive oil, designed for high‐resolution solvent‐free 4D printing with multifunctional capabilities. The physicochemical properties of the printed polymers are fine‐tuned using acrylic acid as a diluent cum comonomer. The mechanical properties of the printed polymers are similar to various soft tissues, such as ligaments, articular cartilage, and soft collagenous bone, showcasing its potential for soft tissue engineering applications. While the excellent temperature‐responsive shape memory 4D attributes coupled with exceptional antimicrobial properties toward gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria highlight the multifunctional nature of the printed polymers. Moreover, the printed polymers exhibited outstanding hemocompatibility and good cytocompatibility toward mouse fibroblast cells, suggesting their potential soft tissue engineering applications. In sum, the newly developed biobased resin can be employed to minimize the environmental impact of additive manufacturing while being competitive with existing fossil‐based photoresins, thereby meeting the growing demand for advanced photoresins with superior high‐resolution printing and smart properties for biomedical applications.
Synergistic Bimetallic Effects of BiSb Anodes Enable Long‐Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Xi , Wang Xinying , Ullah Shafi , Peng Yi , Pan Guangyu , Gao Wanjie , Song Bingyan , Zhang Xinghao , Jia Ao , Wang Jie , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping
Published: October 2024

Alloy‐type anodes are of interest for their resource‐rich and high theoretical capacity performance in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, severe volume expansion may lead to rapid capacity decay and electrode pulverization. In this work, metallic Bi with better structure stability is rationally selected as a skeleton to form a 2D BiSb alloy to alleviate the volume expansion. Interestingly, by combining in‐situ XRD and ex‐situ TEM characterizations, a reversible multi‐step alloying sodium storage mechanism of BiSb ↔ Na(Bi, Sb) ↔ Na3(Bi, Sb) in Bi0.4Sb0.6 anode is elucidated, and the partial amorphization and expanded interlayer spacing of BiSb alloy is also revealed, which greatly alleviate volume expansion thereby enhancing electrochemical stability. Furthermore, density functional theory and kinetic calculations demonstrate that Bi0.4Sb0.6 demonstrates lower Na+ adsorption energy and Na+ diffusion energy barriers, ensuring fast electron and ion transportation during sodium storage. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of binary alloy, Bi0.4Sb0.6 exhibits a high reversible capacity and cycling stability of 446 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and 70% high capacity after 1100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. This work provides new insights and opportunities to develop advanced precise alloy‐type anode materials for SIBs.
Recent Advances for Synthesis of Benzothiazoles from Arylmethylamines
Authors: Kadu Vikas D.
Published: October 2024

The benzofused N,S‐containing benzothiazole heterocycles and their scaffolds have remarkable biological and pharmaceutical applications. Attentively, the development towards structurally diverse benzothiazoles via C(sp3)−H functionalization of arylmethylamines has been the main attraction for synthetic organic chemists. In this review, the various synthetic approaches from C−H/C−N bond functionalization of arylmethylamines/amines as a new emerging substrate are described in detail towards the synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles. Furthermore, it gives insights into substrate scope and the reaction mechanistic pathway for the formation of final targeted benzothiazole products.
Accelerated Charge Transfer in the AgInS2‐Polymer Layer‐by‐Layer Films
Authors: Kopach Vasylyna , Khalavka Yuriy , Yosypenko Yuliana , Doskaliuk Nataliia , Kopach Oleh , Dmytruk Mykhailo , Dmytruk Igor , Dmytruk Andriy
Published: October 2024

In this work, the luminescence properties of AgInS2 colloid nanoparticles in solution and in films were investigated and compared. Decay time of fast and slow relaxation processes differ by about an order of magnitude. Both components are significantly reduced in films compared to the corresponding contributions in colloids that hint towards charge carrier transfer between AgInS2 particles enhanced in the films.
Consensus‐Based Guidelines for Communicating a Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis to Reduce Psychological Distress
Authors: Baufeldt Angela Lesley , Evangelou Nikos , Moghaddam Nima , Gresswell Mark , das Nair Roshan
Published: October 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) misdiagnosis is common, and when discovered, frequently leads to substantial disruption to patients’ lives and anxiety for clinicians. Our objective was to develop expert consensus‐based guidelines about how to communicate a misdiagnosis of MS to a patient, to reduce the potential for both psychological distress and litigation.

Methods

A modified Delphi method using a systematic literature review on doctor and patient experiences of the MS diagnosis communication was used to populate items for a first‐round questionnaire. Our Delphi panel represented three perspectives (clinicians, people with MS, and published experts in health communication), and we recruited 18 panelists in total (6 per perspective). Consensus was defined a priori as 75% of panelists giving an item the same rating. A feedback round was undertaken with six external reviewers, naïve to the guideline development process, and the panelists. Items were reviewed by the study team and synthesized to create the finalized guidelines.

Results

Consensus was reached for 45 items rated as “very important” and presented in the feedback round. The study team synthesized the 45 items to 27 items. Ten items related specifically to the communication of the MS misdiagnosis and 17 items to generic guidelines highlighted as important in the MS misdiagnosis appointment. Seven recommendations form the guidelines presented here.

Conclusions

Seven consensus‐based recommendations offer guidance to practising neurologists in their communication with patients in a situation that has the potential to be highly distressing, for both clinician and patient.
Overcoming fixation and permeabilization challenges in flow cytometry by optical barcoding and multi‐pass acquisition
Authors: Fahlberg Marissa D. , Forward Sarah , Assita Emane Rose , Mazzola Michael , Kiem Anna , Handley Maris , Yun Seok‐Hyun , Kwok Sheldon J. J.
Published: October 2024

The fixation and permeabilization of cells are essential for labeling intracellular biomarkers in flow cytometry. However, these chemical treatments often alter fragile targets, such as cell surface and fluorescent proteins (FPs), and can destroy chemically‐sensitive fluorescent labels. This reduces measurement accuracy and introduces compromises into sample workflows, leading to losses in data quality. Here, we demonstrate a novel multi‐pass flow cytometry approach to address this long‐standing problem. Our technique utilizes individual cell barcoding with laser particles, enabling sequential analysis of the same cells with single‐cell resolution maintained. Chemically‐fragile protein markers and their fluorochrome conjugates are measured prior to destructive sample processing and adjoined to subsequent measurements of intracellular markers after fixation and permeabilization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in accurately measuring intracellular FPs and methanol‐sensitive antigens and fluorophores, along with various surface and intracellular markers. This approach significantly enhances assay flexibility, enabling accurate and comprehensive cellular analysis without the constraints of conventional one‐time measurement flow cytometry. This innovation paves new avenues in flow cytometry for a wide range of applications in immuno‐oncology, stem cell research, and cell biology.
Cultural Values Influence the Developmental Trajectory of Resistance to Social Influence Over the Course of Adolescence
Authors: Pei Rui , Kranzler Elissa , Falk Emily B.
Published: October 2024

The opinions of peers are among the most potent factors influencing human decision‐making. Research conducted in Western societies suggests that individuals become more resistant to peer influence from late adolescence to adulthood. It is unknown whether this developmental trajectory is universal across cultures. Through two cross‐national studies, we present consistent self‐report and behavioral evidence for culturally distinct developmental trajectories of resistance to peer influence (RPI). Our findings from the US samples replicated prior findings that reported increasing RPI. Yet, data from the Chinese participants were better fitted using a nonlinear model, displaying a U‐shaped trajectory with lowest RPI levels at around 20 years old. In contrast to the long‐held belief that increasing RPI from adolescence to early adulthood is a universal developmental trait, we propose that this developmental trajectory may depend on cultural context.
Drivers of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Riparian Forest NDVI Along a Hydroclimatic Gradient
Authors: Lochin Pierre , Piégay Hervé , Stella John C. , Caylor Kelly K. , Vaudor Lise , Bliss Singer Michael
Published: October 2024

In the context of rising global temperatures and their impact on weather patterns and water cycles, understanding the relationship between vegetation and hydroclimatic forcing is critical. Riparian forests are highly vulnerable to hydroclimatic variability, which can significantly affect water availability in the soil on which they primarily depend. Along large rivers, hydroclimatic forcings can vary, resulting in different vegetative responses depending on the local climatic context and site conditions. To explore this, we studied riparian forest greenness along a 512‐km river corridor with a 3° latitudinal gradient, analysing the relative contributions of climate (latitude, season, temperature, precipitation) and local hydrological conditions (groundwater). Here, we show that riparian forests along a latitudinal gradient respond differently to hydroclimatic controls, with vegetative dynamics that can be attenuated or accentuated by local site conditions. We combined Sentinel‐2 satellite Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data over seven years (2016–2022) with hydroclimatic data to examine riparian forest greenness responses to latitudinal, seasonal and interannual hydroclimatic variability. We found contrasting hydroclimatic controls across the latitudinal gradient, with the northernmost sites predominantly controlled by temperature, while those further south are limited by water availability. In addition, we identified temperature as the primary driver of NDVI throughout the growing season, either positively or negatively. Late season precipitation and high phreatic water availability positively influenced NDVI, emphasising the role of local conditions in governing riparian forest resilience. This study enhances understanding of climate controls on riparian tree greenness, which is critical for designing effective landscape‐scale riparian ecosystem management and restoration strategies.
Incorporating soil‐structure interaction into simplified numerical models for fragility analysis of RC structures
Authors: Blasone Valentina , Huseynli Shahin , De Luca Flavia , Karamitros Dimitris , De Risi Raffaele , Spacone Enrico
Published: October 2024

Simplified building models are a valuable option for seismic assessment at the regional scale. These models often use calibrated springs to model column behaviour, and recent advances have made them suitable for capturing torsional response in Reinforced‐Concrete Moment‐Resisting‐Frames. Nevertheless, their validation is typically achieved using fixed‐base models, which do not include the influence of soil‐structure interaction (SSI). This study introduces a novel approach to quantify the accuracy of a recently developed simplified model while accounting for dynamic SSI, using a newly implemented, refined 3D Finite Element non‐linear soil model in OpenSees. The accuracy of the simplified structural model is assessed by comparing the results of non‐linear dynamic analyses with those of a refined model in terms of (i) a peak structural demand parameter such as the interstorey‐drift ratio and (ii) fragility curves computed from cloud analysis and accounting for collapse cases. The study presents details of the proposed refined approach for 3D soil modelling in OpenSees, focusing on implementing free‐field boundary conditions and structure‐to‐soil connections. Results show that the accuracy of the simplified model is maintained, even in the presence of SSI, and it successfully captures the overall structural response measured at peak demand. For the proposed case study, the difference between the simplified and refined models’ fragility curves’ medians is 4% and 2% for fixed and SSI models, respectively. The simplified structural model, combined with the refined soil model for SSI effects, presents an innovative and conservative, yet computationally efficient, alternative for seismic risk analysis, even in the presence of structural irregularity.
Exploring the potential mechanisms of polysaccharides against gastric ulcer: Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking validation
Authors: Huang Jia‐Yu , Zou Qi , Hao Ming , Shen Jian‐Lin , Zhang Meng‐Tong , Li Fei , Xu Quan‐Sheng , Zhang Han‐Yue , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiao‐Yin
Published: October 2024

Gastric ulcer is a common peptic ulcer that affects human health and life quality seriously. As anti‐gastric ulcer drugs usually cause side‐effects, polysaccharides may be the potential alternatives because of better effectiveness and less toxicity. Although the anti‐gastric ulcer activities of polysaccharides have been widely reported, the mechanisms have not yet been well‐disclosed. In this study, network pharmacology analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of polysaccharides against gastric ulcer, and the results were validated by molecular docking. Results indicated that β‐glucan, arabinogalactan, xylan, and arabinan were the key structures, and ABL1, AKT1, androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, v‐Ha‐ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, HSP90AA1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), MAPK14, NOS2, PIK3R1, RAC1, ras homolog gene family member A, and proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase Src were the core targets for polysaccharides in treating gastric ulcer. Polysaccharides have influences on 1958 GO items and 199 KEGG pathways, and their anti‐gastric ulcer activities are related to MAPK, Ras, PI3K‐Akt, vascular endothelial growth factor, prolactin, FoxO and Rap1 signaling pathways, etc. Molecular docking validation showed that the results of network pharmacology analysis were credible, and interactions between polysaccharide structures and core targets were observed. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms of polysaccharides in treating gastric ulcer and provides references for future activity screening and mechanism research in anti‐gastric ulcer.
Do Vice Chancellors' Career Horizon Matter for University Sustainability Performance? The Moderating Role of Soft Information
Authors: Roberts Lee , Wang Yang , Elamer Ahmed A.
Published: October 2024

In the evolving landscape of higher education, leadership plays a pivotal role in directing institutional strategies towards sustainability. This study examines how the career horizons of Vice Chancellors (VCs)—often akin to CEOs in the corporate sector—influences the sustainability performance of UK universities. Using a unique hand‐collected dataset covering the years 2018–2022, our results show that shorter VC career horizons negatively impact universities' sustainability performance, indicating that VCs closer to retirement are more ethically and sustainability‐focused. Moreover, we explore how the disclosure of soft information—characterised as boilerplate and forward‐looking language in sustainability reports—affects this relationship. Our analysis indicates that this soft information significantly moderates the effects of VCs' career horizons on sustainability outcomes. Specifically, we discover that extensive use of forward‐looking and boilerplate language tends to exacerbate the negative impacts of shorter VC tenures on sustainability performance. This research contributes to the academic discourse by documenting how leadership tenure and the strategic use of narrative in public disclosures interact to shape institutional sustainability. The findings advocate for a strategic approach in leadership appointments and reporting practices, enhancing the alignment between leadership characteristics and the long‐term sustainability goals of higher education institutions.
Applying theories, models, and frameworks to help genetic counselors and students achieve clinical and professional goals
Authors: Cragun Deborah , Victoria Lindsey , Bradbury Angela R. , Dean Marleah , Hamilton Jada G. , Katz Mira L. , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Mack Jennifer W. , Resnicow Ken , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: October 2024

Some genetic counselors (GCs) may find theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) useful in clinical skills selection and when reflecting on or evaluating genetic counseling practice. This paper aims to demonstrate how TMFs can be used to postulate how different skills may impact patients'/clients' decisions, behaviors, and outcomes and consider how multiple TMFs can inform the use of various skills or strategies to achieve different goals. Additionally, we provide examples of TMFs that may help GCs in nonclinical aspects of their work, such as implementing and evaluating new interventions or service delivery models. To guide the selection of appropriate TMFs, we provide a set of questions to consider and include examples of skills and approaches that align with different TMFs. While TMFs provide a structured approach and valuable guidance that may help advance genetic counseling practice, they have certain limitations. Additional research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of using TMFs to guide clinical practice and improve patient/client outcomes.
Gastric dysplasia arising from a submucosal heterotopic gastric gland
Authors: Kobayashi Mayu , Hamada Yasuhiko , Usui Miki , Nakagawa Hayato
Published: October 2024

A submucosal heterotopic gastric gland (SHGG) is characterized by benign ectopic gastric tissue within the submucosa. Neoplasms arising from SHGGs are rare, and their definitive diagnosis via endoscopic biopsy is often challenging. We report the case of a 74‐year‐old man undergoing screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed a subepithelial lesion with a central orifice in the upper body of the stomach. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed because the endoscopic biopsy revealed a suspected pyloric gland adenoma. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed SHGG with focal dysplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained free of recurrence over a 5‐year follow‐up period. This case highlights the utility of ESD in both the treatment and accurate pathological diagnosis of neoplasms arising from SHGGs.
Occupational burnout in nuclear medicine technologists working in Australia and New Zealand – results of a multi‐national survey
Authors: Shields Melissa , James Daphne , McCormack Lynne
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Occupational burnout can be associated with negative feelings about the workplace and feeling that a person's efforts are of little consequence. Within a healthcare setting, occupational burnout can be attributed to a high workload or a non‐supportive work environment. Higher levels of burnout are associated with increased absenteeism and turnover, increased medical errors and decreased patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of occupational burnout within nuclear medicine technologists (NMTs) working in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods

An online questionnaire was distributed via QuestionPro. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, including the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) Version 5 (2009) measuring compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress in the workplace. For this study, only the burnout component of this scale is reported.

Results

There were 162 survey responses. Of the 18 New Zealand participants, 10 (56%) reported moderate levels of burnout. Of the 144 Australian participants, 114 (79%) reported moderate levels of burnout. No NMTs reported high levels of burnout. All states of Australia were represented in the survey, with Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria having the highest number of participants reporting moderate levels of burnout.

Conclusion

This study revealed that more than half of New Zealand participants and three quarters of Australian participants reported moderate levels of burnout. It is imperative to address the wellbeing needs of NMTs working in Australia and New Zealand at an individual and organisational level to support NMTs to be more engaged in their work and help organisations retain staff.
High‐Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Isolation of Active Components from Evodia Rutaecarpa and Affinity Ultrafiltration Screening for Their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Activity
Authors: Liang Jiaqi , Zhang Yuchi , Liu Chunming , Li Sainan , Li Ruizhe , Zhang Yutong , Chen Ming , Sun Ruijun
Published: October 2024

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Evodia rutaecarpa were screened, prepared, and evaluated. To screen the lipophilic alkaloid active constituents in E. rutaecarpa, we improved and optimized an ultrafiltration system. Three acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, and rutecarpine, were screened. Addressing the limitations of the traditional response surface methodology (RSM) for multiobjective screening, we integrated RSM with the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III to achieve the optimal extraction of these active ingredients. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate the active components using a two‐phase solvent system: n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (3.0:2.5:3.5:2.0, v/v/v/v) and ethyl acetate/methanol/water (3.0:1.0:4.0, v/v/v). The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the structures of the compounds, and molecular docking and dynamics simulations assessed the inhibitory effects of the chemical components on AChE, which were consistent with the findings of the ultrafiltration experiments. We also confirmed the neuroprotective properties of these compounds against glutamate‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Overall, we achieved the systematic optimization of multitarget compound extraction and lipophilic alkaloid ultrafiltration screening, as well as preparation and activity validation, laying the groundwork for the development of AChE inhibitors from lipophilic alkaloids.
The threat of vaping in youths
Authors: Ferkol Thomas
Published: October 2024

Electronic cigarettes are driving a new epidemic of nicotine dependence among youths and are now the dominant tobacco product used by adolescents in the United States and other countries. Candy and fruit flavorings have driven their use, and many products contain higher nicotine concentrations, which contributed to their addictive potential. Numerous epidemiologic studies have described increased rates of respiratory symptoms in adolescent electronic cigarette users, and in vitro and in vivo studies showed that electronic cigarette vapors exert extensive biological effects on human airways, different from tobacco smoke, leading to epithelial cell dysregulation, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and apoptosis. Severe acute lung injury has been reported in adolescents and young adults, particularly in those using tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)‐containing products, underscoring the threats of electronic cigarettes to lung health.
Economic assessment of ecosystem services with a novel concept of elevation: An application of the discrete choice experiment method
Authors: Khan Aftab , Zhao Minjuan , Khan Sufyan Ullah , Yao Liuyang , Wang Chao
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted in the Hei River Basin of China to understand respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for ecological services towards sustainable river system management. A discrete choice experiment is used to gauge respondents' preferences. In addition, elevation was introduced as a novel spatial attribute to account for heterogeneity. Primary data from 1680 respondents were collected across the Hei River Basin. The elevation of the river was categorized into five ad hoc elevation ranges to analyze the potential effects of elevation on environmental attributes. These samples were stratified as 1000–1600 m, 1601–2200 m, 2201–2800 m, 2801–3400 m, and 3401–4000 m. Pooled data results showed that the maximum WTP was for water quality, that is, 142.05 RMB, without considering the effect of elevation. However, when the interaction with elevation was included, the amount decreased to 133.52 RMB. Likewise, elevation‐based group estimates showed a varied pattern of spatial preference, with different preferences for each distinguishing attribute. Group A prioritized water quality (92.81 RMB) and the East Juyan area (4.12 RMB). In contrast, Group B preferred the guaranteed rate of irrigation of farmland (3.50 RMB) and reduced sandstorm frequency (17.90 RMB). Leisure and entertainment conditions had the lowest WTP across all groups (0.09–0.50 RMB). These findings highlight the importance of incorporating respondents' preferences in restoring and maintaining river systems. Additionally, it emphasized the need to consider respondents' socioeconomic characteristics when developing sustainable management policies.
Electrohydrodynamic Printing Grid‐Structured Catalytic Layers with Excellent Bending Resistance for Flexible Al–air Batteries
Authors: Zuo Yuxin , Yu Ying , Feng Junyan , Zuo Chuncheng , Lv Yong
Published: October 2024

The catalytic film of a flexible Al–air battery is generally a brittle film formed by brushing a slurry onto the surface of carbon cloth. Fatigue bending can easily lead to cracking of the catalytic film and shedding of the active material. This study innovatively proposes a novel grid‐structured catalytic layer prepared by electrohydrodynamic printing. Experiments have verified that, compared with traditional catalytic films, the grid‐structured catalytic layer exhibits excellent bending resistance. After 10 000 fatigue bending cycles, its relative resistance is ≈1/9 that of the traditional catalytic film. The printed grid‐structured catalytic layer is applied to a flexible Al–air battery, which maintains a power density retention rate as high as 92% after the same number of bending cycles. Compared to traditional catalytic films, the electrodynamically printed grid‐structured catalytic layer proposed in this study demonstrates both excellent electrochemical performance and bending resistance. This advancement holds significant importance for the development and application of flexible metal–air batteries.
How does temperature affect rural income: Channels and implication of adaptation
Authors: Gai Qingen , Li Chengzheng , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the impact of daily temperature variations on rural income per capita and evaluates the effectiveness of adaptation based on China's county‐level socioeconomic statistics and household survey data. We find that high temperatures have significant negative effects on rural income per capita. Relative to the physically comfortable reference temperature between 10 and 15°C, an additional day with a daily average temperature above 30°C reduces the rural income per capita by 0.12% in the year. Evidence from micro‐data indicates that agricultural income of rural households is sensitive to high temperatures relative to other components of household income, such as wage income and transfer income, which leads to a reallocation of rural laborers across sectors. In addition, we indeed find some evidence of adaptation, but we conclude that the current adaptation pattern of rural households probably magnifies the threat of future climate change to China's agricultural sector.