bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone generated waves in South China Sea during winter monsoon surge
Authors: Qi Peng , Wang Aimei
Published: December 2020

The South China Sea (SCS) is a highly semi-enclosed marginal sea located in the East Asian monsoon region. This paper proposes interesting aspects of the unique feature of the SCS waves in response to tropical cyclone's passage when large-scale winter monsoon winds prevail. We use the wave model WaveWatch III to study the wave characteristics of typhoon Durian (2006) passing over the middle of SCS in early December 2006, and state the new understanding acquired in the aspects of the tropical cyclone generated waves in the SCS during winter monsoon surge. In light of this, the role of the large-scale NE monsoon winds on winter typhoon wave field characteristics in the SCS are highlighted by conducting sensitivity experiments with and without the NE monsoon winds. The NE monsoon winds weakly affect the SWH field near the typhoon track and strongly away from the track, especially in the deep water area of the northern SCS where the NE monsoon winds produce high waves. Comparisons between the two experiments show the effect of the NE monsoon winds on the directional wave spectra in the SCS, suggesting that the monsoon-generated swells do not decay and remain throughout the typhoon period.
Antimicrobial peptides in patients with anorexia nervosa: comparison with healthy controls and the impact of weight gain
Authors: Bendix Marie-Christin , Stephan Michael , Nöhre Mariel , Wünsch-Leiteritz Wally , Schmidt Hagen , Tiegs Gisa , Harder Jürgen , de Zwaan Martina
Published: December 2020

Clinical observations show that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are surprisingly free from infectious diseases. There is evidence from studies in Drosophila melanogaster that starvation leads to an increased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune system and protect human surfaces from colonization with pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. We compared the expression of AMPs between patients with AN and healthy controls (HC) and investigated the influence of weight gain. Using a standardized skin rinsing method, quantitative determination of the AMPs psoriasin and RNase 7 was carried out by ELISA. Even though non-significant, effect sizes revealed slightly higher AMP concentrations in HC. After a mean weight gain of 2.0 body mass index points, the concentration of psoriasin on the forehead of patients with AN increased significantly. We could not confirm our hypotheses of higher AMP concentrations in patients with AN that decrease after weight gain. On the contrary, weight gain seems to be associated with increasing AMP concentrations.
Ultrathin polymeric films for interfacial passivation in wide band-gap perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ferdowsi Parnian , Ochoa-Martinez Efrain , Alonso Sandy Sanchez , Steiner Ullrich , Saliba Michael
Published: December 2020

Wide band-gap perovskite solar cells have the potential for a relatively high output voltage and resilience in a degradation-inducing environment. Investigating the reasons why high voltages with adequate output power have not been realized yet is an underexplored part in perovskite research although it is of paramount interest for multijunction solar cells. One reason is interfacial carrier recombination that leads to reduced carrier lifetimes and voltage loss. To further improve the Voc of methylammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3), that has a band-gap of 2.3 eV, interface passivation technique is an important strategy. Here we demonstrate two ultrathin passivation layers consisting of PCBM and PMMA, that can effectively passivate defects at the TiO2/perovskite and perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interfaces, respectively. In addition, perovskite crystallization was investigated with the established anti-solvent method and the novel flash infrared annealing (FIRA) with and without passivation layers. These modifications significantly suppress interfacial recombination providing a pathway for improved VOC’s from 1.27 to 1.41 V using anti solvent and from 1.12 to 1.36 V using FIRA. Furthermore, we obtained more stable devices through passivation after 140 h where the device retained 70% of the initial performance value.
Two stage, nested isothermal amplification in a single tube
Authors: El-Tholoth Mohamed , Anis Eman , Bau Haim H.
Published: December 2020

Sensitive, specific and rapid molecular diagnosis of respiratory diseases in animals and humans is critical to facilitate appropriate control measures and treatment.
Traceless Staudinger ligation enabled parallel synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimera linker variants
Authors: Bemis Troy A. , La Clair James J. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: December 2020

Chemoselectivity of the traceless Staudinger ligation was leveraged to enable assembly of chimeric small-molecule linker variants in a one-pot approach.
Synthesis, crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical elucidation of an elusive aminyl radical containing a CuII–aminyl-iminosemiquinone complex
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Sarmah Amrit , Mukherjee Chandan
Published: December 2020

A thermodynamically unstable amine radical and an iminosemiquinone radical-coordinated square pyramidal Cu(ii) complex are isolated and established by X-ray crystallography, magnetic and EPR measurements, and DFT calculations.
Modular functionalization and hydrogel formation via red-shifted and self-reporting [2+2] cycloadditions
Authors: Ludwanowski Simon , Hoenders Daniel , Kalayci Kubra , Frisch Hendrik , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Walther Andreas
Published: December 2020

We introduce a modular photodynamic covalent crosslinker, named qStyPy, with an increased water-solubility that undergoes [2+2] cycloadditions upon irradiation with 470 nm and directly self-reports on its cycloadduct formation.
Thermal decomposition and isomerization of furfural and 2-pyrone: a theoretical kinetic study
Authors: Al-Hammadi Saddam , da Silva Gabriel
Published: December 2020

We have studied the decomposition and isomerization of furfural and 2- pyrone in the gas phase using theoretical quantum chemistry calculations and statistical reaction rate theory techniques.
Ferroelectricity in thin films driven by charges accumulated at interfaces
Authors: Teodorescu Cristian M.
Published: December 2020

Ferroelectricity in thin films is due to the interaction of elemental dipoles with charges accumulated at interfaces.
The quantitative impact of fluid vs. solid interfaces on the catalytic performance of pickering emulsions
Authors: Stock Sebastian , Schlander Annika , Kempin Maresa , Geisler Ramsia , Stehl Dmitrij , Spanheimer Kai , Hondow Nicole , Micklethwaite Stuart , Weber Ariane , Schomäcker Reinhard , Drews Anja , Gallei Markus , von Klitzing Regine
Published: December 2020

The activity of the catalyst is the same at the particles and at the void surface between the particles.
Stretchable negative Poisson's ratio yarn for triboelectric nanogenerator for environmental energy harvesting and self-powered sensor
Authors: Chen Lijun , Chen Chaoyu , Jin Long , Guo Hengyu , Wang Aurelia Chi , Ning Fanggang , Xu Qiaoli , Du Zhaoqun , Wang Fumei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: December 2020

Mass-manufactured stretchable negative Poisson's ratio yarn TENG as a fundamental material for environmental energy harvesting and self-powered sensors.
Energy storage potential of sprayed α-MoO3 thin films
Authors: Deokate Ramesh J. , Kate Ranjit , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Mane Rajaram S.
Published: December 2020

Emerging phase pure energy storage electrodes synthesized with controlled morphology endow an enhanced supercapacitor properties.
The synergistic effect of the carbon shell pore volume and core Pd size of Pd@hollow@C-X for the synthesis of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Jiesong , Liu Peng , Shi Yongyong , Fu Chengbing , Lin Qian , Liu Fei , Pan Hongyan
Published: December 2020

Yolk–shell Pd@hollow@C-X (X = 1.5, 3.2, 4.5 and 6) catalysts with Pd as the core and porous carbon as the shell were prepared via the inverse microemulsion method.
Monoterpenoid coumarins and monoterpenoid phenylpropanoids from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima
Authors: Duan Zhi-Kang , Lin Bin , Du Ye-Qin , Li Chuan , Yu Xiao-Qi , Xue Xiao-Bian , Liu Qing-Bo , Song Shao-Jiang , Huang Xiao-Xiao
Published: December 2020

Three new monoterpenoid coumarins, zantholin A (3), altissimacoumarin P-Q (5, 6), two new monoterpenoid phenylpropanoids, altissmaphenylpropanoids A-B (2, 4), along with two known compounds (7, 8), were obtained from aqueous EtOH extracts of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima.
A new bioremediation method for removal of wastewater containing oils with high oleic acid composition: Acinetobacter haemolyticus lipase immobilized on eggshell membrane with improved stabilities
Authors: Işık Ceyhun , Saraç Nurdan , Teke Mustafa , Uğur Aysel
Published: December 2020

As a result of the increasing demand for edible oils, which are an important part of human nutrition, in recent years, serious environmental problems may arise both during the production and after consumption of these oils.
Relativistic fluid modelling of gamma-ray binaries
Authors: Huber D. , Kissmann R. , Reimer A. , Reimer O.
Published: December 2020

Context.Gamma-ray binaries are systems that radiate the dominant part of their non-thermal emission in the gamma-ray band. In a wind-driven scenario, these binaries are thought to consist of a pulsar orbiting a massive star, accelerating particles in the shock arising in the wind collision.

Aims.We develop a comprehensive numerical model for the non-thermal emission of shock-accelerated particles including the dynamical effects of fluid instabilities and orbital motion. We demonstrate the model on a generic binary system.

Methods.The model was built on a dedicated three-dimensional particle transport simulation for the accelerated particles that were dynamically coupled to a simultaneous relativistic hydrodynamic simulation of the wind interaction. In a post-processing step, a leptonic emission model involving synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission was evaluated based on resulting particle distributions and fluid solutions, consistently accounting for relativistic boosting andγγ-absorption in the stellar radiation field. The model was implemented as an extension to the CRONOScode.

Results.In the generic binary, the wind interaction leads to the formation of an extended, asymmetric wind-collision region distorted by the effects of orbital motion, mixing, and turbulence. This gives rise to strong shocks terminating the pulsar wind and secondary shocks in the turbulent fluid flow. With our approach it is possible for the first time to consistently account for the dynamical shock structure in particle transport processes, which yields a complex distribution of accelerated particles. The predicted emission extends over a broad energy range, with significant orbital modulation in all bands.
A living catalog of stream interaction regions in the Parker Solar Probe era
Authors: Allen R. C. , Ho G. C. , Jian L. K. , Vines S. K. , Bale S. D. , Case A. W. , Hill M. E. , Joyce C. J. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Malaspina D. M. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. , Möstl C. , Odstrcil D. , Raouafi N. , Schwadron N. A. , Stevens M. L.
Published: December 2020

Stream interaction regions (SIRs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are important phenomena in heliospheric physics. These large-scale structures vary temporally and spatially, both in latitude and with radial distance. The additions of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter have allowed for investigations into the radial evolution of these structures over a wide range of heliocentric distances for the first time since the Helios era. To better enable investigations of SIRs and CIRs within the inner heliosphere, we have developed a living catalog of SIR and CIR observations by Parker Solar Probe with corresponding observations by STEREO-A as well as ACE and Wind at 1 au. The methodology used for the identification of events and the generation of this catalog, the initial catalog of PSP observations spanning orbits one through five along with corresponding 1 au observations, and information on accessing the living catalog for future studies is described. This list of SIR and CIR events from PSP and corresponding observations from other heliophysics missions will enable case studies utilizing unique orbital arrangements, as well as aid in future statistical studies to further understand the properties and evolution of these structures.
In vitroculture and characterization of theHSP70gene onVanda tricolorLindley var.Suavis‘Queen Maxima’
Authors: Semiarti Endang , Ghozi Adityal Perdana Naufal , Rozikin Rozikin , Yuda Kurniawan Febri
Published: December 2020

Vanda tricolorLindey var.Suavisis an endemic orchid from Mt.Merapi, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. This orchid has beautiful flowers with unique patterns of white and purple spots, fragrant and can live in the slopes of Mt.Merapi which is a very active volcano. UGM in collaboration with the Netherlands carried out ex situ conservation of theV. tricolorMerapi through the self-pollination of orchids by the Queen of the Netherlands, Queen Maxima on March 11, 2020 at the UGM campus, Yogyakarta. In honor, the new generation of crosses is namedVanda tricolorvarSuavis‘Queen Maxima’. This study aims to produce mass quantities of the orchid and characterize theHSP70gene in it. Methods: Standardin vitroculture for Vanda on MS, NP and VW medium, isolation of plant gDNA, PCR with V. tricolor HSP70primers and sequencing of amplicon DNA. The results showed that > 90 % ofV. tricolor‘Queen Maxima’ seeds germinated well in all media and the best on VW medium.V. tricolorhas the HSP70 protein with PTZ00009 super family amino acid motif that 87 % similar to the HSP70 protein from thePhalaenopsis equestrisorchid, which is probably the reasonV. tricolorbecome superior to high temperature environments.
Who are the actual beneficiaries of health promotion? An evaluation of health promotion scope in Yogyakarta
Authors: Fahmi Baiquni , Fitrina Kusumaningrum , Supriyati Supriyati
Published: December 2020

Healthy lifestyle media campaign is one of health promotion method that offers a challenge in evaluation. Healthy lifestyle media campaign doesn’t usually result in behaviour change because the changing needs times and provision of other interventions. This study was trying to evaluate a healthy lifestyle media campaign developed by District Health Office of Yogyakarta using the RE-AIM framework. The mixed method study consists of a quantitative approach to describe the reach of media campaigns and the qualitative approach to describe public perception of media campaign effectiveness. This study’s total sample is 288 respondents (32+ 11 y.o; 57.56 % women) consists of community, cadres, and students. The data were collected through survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Healthy lifestyle media have not been able to reach all respondents. Nine from 11 produced media were not known by more than 60 % respondents. Respondents describe media distribution, media placement, media competition and channel suitability as the factors that affect their familiarity with healthy lifestyle media campaign. Not all media could reach enough target in the community. Health promoter should take notice on the media’s ability to reach specific targets when developing the media campaign.
Microturbine power plant for utilization of the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
Authors: Matveev Yury , Cherkasova Marina , Rassokhin Viktor , Barskov Viktor , Chernikov Victor , Andreev Konstantin , Kortikov Nikolay , Nikiforova Oksana , Yadikin Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the investigation and development of microsteam turbine unit of the LPI design for utilization of heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This installation will reduce the world carbon dioxide emissions, as well as add useful power for the needs of the consumer. Efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine will increase. The article discusses development of the main directions of improvement of high-loaded steps of LPI, expansion of modern outlooks on the directions of MRI development and the use of LPI steps in the systems of heat recovery of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The possibility to utilize the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by means of a turbine unit and the subsequent receipt of additional useful capacities are investigated in many developed countries of the world. Germany, Sweden, Japan, PRC and other leading countries in the automotive industry are intensively conducting works in this direction. The results of such studies have already found application in some freight cars. In the Russian market, this type of turbine is spread very weakly. Turbine unit behind the internal combustion engine works in conditions of low volumetric consumption of the working fluid, which leads to a decrease in the heights of the flow parts of the guides and working grids, because of which the relative gaps in the seals increase. This leads to the growth of leakage of the working fluid. On the other hand, a high degree of pressure reduction when choosing single-stage turbines leads to supersonic
On the issue of reducing the negative impact of nitrogen oxides in the system recirculation of diesel exhaust gases on applying the vortex effect
Authors: Belinskaia Irina , Zainetdinov Rahim , Evdokimov Konstantin
Published: December 2020

The problem of negative impact on the environment of motor transport is one of the most fundamental in the complex of global problems. The constant increase in the number of cars with internal combustion engines encourages the search for methods and ways to reduce the volume of negative impulses. The operation of heat engines is accompanied by significant emissions of gaseous harmful substances into the atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, as well as solid particles, including soot. The solution to this problem should be implemented within the framework of a systematic approach. To do this, it is necessary to combine the study of technical, economic, and organizational approaches to the organization of the exhaust gas disposal process. To date, there is a significant methodological base in the field of organizational and economic decisions. The article discusses various methods of cleaning exhaust gases of piston engines, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The method of processing using ammonia is widely known. It is noted that a catalytic method for reducing nitrogen oxides using ammonia is quite economical. However, the optimal temperature range at which nitrogen oxides are reduced is rather narrow. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the vortex effect in the exhaust system. The efficiency of using a vortex gas recirculation pipe is due to its significant influence on the thermal gasdynamic processes occurring in the exhaust system. Using the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows us to take into account dissipative processes when establishing the relationship of fuel and economic indicators of internal combustion engines with thermodynamic parameters. This significantly increases the accuracy of calculations and allows you to develop measures to reduce the level of negative impact on the environment.
Using vacuum conductive drying to improve the environmental friendliness of materials
Authors: Lyamina Liliya , Safin Ruslan , Mukhametzyanov Shamil , Zybina Olga
Published: December 2020

To minimize the risk of rotting damage to wood materials, special antiseptic preparations with biocidal, fungicidal and insecticidal properties are widely used. Many of them contain highly volatile chemicals that are toxic to humans and harmful to the environment. The development of approaches to reduce the emission of harmful substances from wood materials is an important problem in improving the environmental friendliness of construction and finishing materials. The paper describes a method for increasing the biostability of chipboard based on polyvinyl alcohol binder by chemical-free high-temperature treatment (thermal modification). The paper presents the results of experimental studies of vacuum-conductive drying of wall panels made of thermally modified filler. Drying curves for wall panels were plotted depending on various parameters: temperature conditions, different chipboard thickness, and the residual pressure in the vacuum chamber. The work performed revealed that panels with a thermally modified filler dry much faster than those with untreated filler and without the release of chemical compounds harmful to humans and the environment.
Improvement of the methodology for calculating damage from possible radiation accidents applicable in energy engineering
Authors: Usypko Andrey , Uljanov Aleksei
Published: December 2020

This article considers an algorithm for calculating the consequences of accidents at facilities using ionizing radiation, including facilities for the production of electrical energy. The problematic issues for carrying out these calculations when solving the problems of energy engineering are indicated and the ways of their solution are proposed. The development of an automated program for calculations is proposed and the advantages of this program are indicated. The proposed methodology is one of the elements of ensuring sustainable development of society.
Das Mikrobiom als Drehscheibe für Nebenwirkungen der Protonenpumpenhemmer-Therapie
Authors: Horvath Angela , Stadlbauer Vanessa
Published: December 2020

Protonenpumpenhemmer werden seit etwa 30 Jahren erfolgreich gegen magensäureassoziierte Erkrankungen, wie peptische Ulzera oder Refluxerkrankungen, eingesetzt. Durch ihre kovalente Bindung an die Protonenpumpen in den Parietalzellen des Magens kann die Magensäureproduktion effektiv reduziert und die therapeutische Wirkung der Protonenpumpenhemmer entfaltet werden. Auf diese Weise wird aber auch ein wichtiger Bestandteil der unspezifischen Immunabwehr ausgeschaltet, der den Körper – und vor allem das Darmmikrobiom – vor mit der Nahrung aufgenommenen Pathogenen oder eingeschwemmten Mundkeimen schützt. Daraus ergeben sich Veränderungen des Darmmikrobioms, wie eine Reduktion der Diversität des Mikrobioms oder eine Fehlbesiedelung des Dünndarms, die mit verschiedenen Nebenwirkungen der Protonenpumpen-(Langzeit-)Therapie, wie einem erhöhten Risiko für Clostridium-difficile-Infektionen oder gastrointestinalen Beschwerden, assoziiert sind. Bei Menschen mit Leberzirrhose bspw.
ist die Einwanderung von oralen Bakterien in den Darm mit intestinaler Inflammation und Permeabilität verbunden und kann als Biomarker für das 3-Jahres-Überleben herangezogen werden. Mikrobiomassoziierte Nebenwirkungen sollten daher in den Diskurs über die Risiken von Langzeittherapien mit Protonenpumpenhemmern und dem Abwägen von Alternativen miteinbezogen werden.
Lesão de ombro após a vacinação: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cagle Paul J.
Published: December 2020

As reações adversas às injeções de vacina tendem a ser brandas e são incrivelmente raras. No entanto, vários casos de eventos em ombros, como bursite, dor generalizada ou diminuição da amplitude de movimento, foram relatados após vacinações de rotina. Esses eventos são conhecidos como lesões em ombro relacionadas à administração de vacina (SIRVA, do inglês shoulder injury related to vaccine administration).

Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada para identificar todos os relatos publicados de SIRVA. Vinte e sete artigos que relataram um ou mais casos de SIRVA foram encontrados. A vacina mais comumente citada foi a vacina contra influenza. Os sintomas mais comuns foram dor com início em até 48 horas e perda da amplitude de movimento do ombro. As modalidades de tratamento mais comuns foram fisioterapia, injeções de corticosteroides e administração de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios; alguns pacientes, porém, precisaram de cirurgia. Independentemente da intervenção, a grande maioria dos casos apresentou melhora da dor e da função, à exceção dos pacientes com lesão nervosa.

A SIRVA tem múltiplas possíveis etiologias, inclusive comprimento da agulha, lesão mecânica por penetração excessiva da agulha e resposta inflamatória aos componentes da vacina; no entanto, ainda não há um exame definitivo ou resultado quantificável.
Optical cavity design enables enhanced sensing of distinct versions of chiral molecules
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: December 2020

Optical cavity design can potentially enhance circular dichroism (CD) signal by several orders of magnitude and improve the determination of handedness in chiral molecules.
Highly nonclassical phonon emission statistics through two-phonon loss of van der Pol oscillator
Authors: Li Jiahua , Ding Chunling , Wu Ying
Published: December 2020

The ability to produce a nonclassical wave in a system is essential for advances in quantum communication and computation. Here, we propose a scheme to generate highly nonclassical phonon emission statistics—an antibunched wave in a quantum van der Pol (vdP) oscillator subject to external driving, both single- and two-phonon losses. It is found that phonon antibunching depends significantly on the nonlinear two-phonon loss of the vdP oscillator, where the degree of the antibunching increases monotonically with the two-phonon loss, and the distinguished parameter regimes with optimal antibunching and single-phonon emission are identified clearly. In addition, we give an in-depth insight into strong antibunching in the emitted phonon statistics by analytical calculations using a three-oscillator-level model, which agree well with the full numerical simulations employing both a master-equation approach and a Schrödinger-equation approach at weak driving. In turn, the fluorescence phonon emission spectra of the vdP oscillator, given by the power spectral density, are also evaluated. We further show that high phonon emission amplitudes, simultaneously accompanied by strong phonon antibunching, are attainable in the vdP system, which are beneficial to the correlation measurement in practical experiments. Our approach only requires a single vdP oscillator, without the need for reconfiguring the two coupled nonlinear resonators or the complex nanophononic structures as compared to the previous blockade schemes. The present scheme could inspire methods to achieve antibunching in other systems.
A logistic model and predictions for the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Baolian , Wang Yi-Ming
Published: December 2020

The rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide presents a great challenge to epidemic modelers. Model outcomes vary widely depending on the characteristics of a pathogen and the models. Here, we present a logistic model for the epidemic spread and divide the spread of the novel coronavirus into two phases: the first phase is a natural exponential growth phase that occurs in the absence of intervention and the second phase is a regulated growth phase that is affected by enforcing social distancing and isolation. We apply the model to a number of pandemic centers. Our results are in good agreement with the data to date and show that social distancing significantly reduces the epidemic spread and flattens the curve. Predictions on the spreading trajectory including the total infections and peak time of new infections for a community of any size are made weeks ahead, providing the vital information and lead time needed to prepare for and mitigate the epidemic. The methodology presented here has immediate and far-reaching applications for ongoing outbreaks or similar future outbreaks of other emergent infectious diseases.
Effects of co-doping nitrogen and germanium on dislocation gliding in Czochralski silicon: Implication for improving mechanical strength
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Lan Wu , Zhao Tong , Zhao Jianjiang , Wu Defan , Ma Xiangyang , Yang Deren
Published: December 2020

Improving the mechanical strength of Czochralski (CZ) silicon is of significance for increasing the manufacturing yield of integrated circuits. In this work, we have comparatively investigated the dislocation gliding behaviors in the conventional CZ silicon, nitrogen (N)-doped CZ silicon, germanium (Ge)-doped CZ silicon as well as Ge and N co-doped CZ silicon subjected to the indentations for 30 min at different temperatures in the range of 850–1050 °C with an interval of 50 °C. It is found that the suppressing effect of N-doping on the dislocation gliding is strongest at 950 °C and becomes slightly weakened at higher temperatures, while Ge-doping does not exert a remarkable suppressing effect on the dislocation gliding until the temperature exceeds 950 °C. The co-doping of N and Ge impurities takes both advantages of N- and Ge-doping to suppress the dislocation gliding in CZ silicon at the aforementioned temperatures. More importantly, at 1000 and 1050 °C that are the typical processing temperatures for integrated circuits, the N and Ge co-doping exhibits a stronger suppressing effect on the dislocation gliding in CZ silicon than the single Ge- or N-doping. This indicates that the mechanical strength of CZ silicon in terms of the resistance of dislocation gliding at a high temperature can be further improved by co-doping Ge and N impurities. It is believed that the N-doping can result in the formation of larger grown-in oxygen precipitates and N–O complex-related pinning agents within the dislocations to suppress the dislocation gliding at 850–1050 °C with the strongest suppressing effect at 950 °C, while the suppressing effect of Ge-doping on the dislocation gliding at the temperatures exceeding 950 °C is tentatively ascribed to the formation of Ge–O complexes near the front of the dislocation lines.
3D printing-assistant method for magneto-active pulse pump: Experiment, simulation, and deformation theory
Authors: Cao Xufeng , Xuan Shouhu , Hu Tao , Gong Xinglong
Published: December 2020

This Letter reports a magneto-active pulse pump (MAPP) consisting of a flexible check valve and a magneto-active pipe developed by using a 3D printing-assistant method. The deformation behavior of the magneto-active pipe is investigated by using the three-dimensional reconstruction, simulation, and theoretical analysis. The larger deformation under a high magnetic field produces higher driving pressure, and thus, the MAPP can be used to transfer liquid. It is found that the MAPP responds to the strength and frequency of the magnetic field simultaneously and the pumping performance can be analyzed by a magneto-fluid-solid coupling simulation. This work provides guidance for the design and manufacture of pulse pumps in future heart pump components.
Flat photonics for broadband light-trapping
Authors: Luo Hao , Tian Jingyi , Li Qiang , Ma Binze , Zhu Yining , Yu Jianbo , Hong Yu , Ouyang Ao , Belov Pavel , Sinha Ravindra K , Kaur Sandeep , Qiu Min
Published: December 2020

The ability to trap light in an ultrathin photoactive layer has been of great significance for applications ranging from optoelectronics, energy to spectroscopy. However, the current broadband light trapping suffers from undesirable direct Joule heat output with plasmonics or bulkiness with photonics. Here, we report a light-trapping photonic structure using an ultrathin all-dielectric super-absorbing metasurface. This presented photonic structure features asymmetrically coupled magnetic resonances, which eliminate reflection and transmission simultaneously by introducing destructive interference between the backscattered field of the resonance and the direct reflected field of the highly reflective Fabry–Pérot background. In particular, this photonic structure enables broadband light trapping by placing nanostructures of different sizes in a supercell. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate broadband (550–1280 nm) super absorption (>50%) within an ultrathin (∼200 nm) all-dielectric germanium metasurface. This work provides a design paradigm for harvesting light through flat photonic structures at the nanoscale and paves the way for cost-effective light management.
Assessing Harvested Populations of the Euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) in the Barrier Ranges of Western New South Wales.
Authors: Southwell C.J. , Sheppard N.
Published: December 2020

Macropus robustus is one of several macropod species harvested commercially in Australia. In New South Wales the major areas where M. robustus impacts on land management practices, and hence harvesting occurs, are the New England region in the northeast, where the subspecies M. robustus robustus (the Wallaroo) occurs, and the Barrier Ranges region in the west, where the subspecies M. r. erubescens (the Euro) occurs. Assessing the size and trend of populations is an important aspect of harvest management. There has been no assessment of M. r. erubescens population size or trend in the Barrier Ranges. An aerial line transect survey in a 3350 km survey area encompassing the Barrier Ranges returned an estimated population size of 18,000 ±3,000 (SE) animals. This estimate is likely to be substantially negatively biased. Following this survey, a quota (the maximum number of animals that can be taken in a year) of 2400 was set for commercial harvesting of M r. erubescens in the Barrier Ranges region, representing a maximum annual harvest rate of 13%. Recommendations for improved methodology to reduce bias in future surveys are provided.
Taxonomic Implications of Variation in Sperm Head Morphology of the Australian Delicate Mouse, Pseudomys delicatulus.
Authors: Breed W.R.
Published: December 2020

The structural organisation of the sperm head of individuals included within the species Pseudomys delicatulus, and P. patrius, which has recently been separated from P. delicatulus, is detailed here. P. patrius has a sperm type with three hooks - a feature shared with most other species of Pseudomys including all three other pebble-mound mice. By contrast, P. delicatulus has a very different sperm type that lacks the three hooks and in this species two morphotypes appear to be present. One is highly variable, generally pear-shaped with a basal attachment of the sperm tail, and is present in individuals which occur on the mainland of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The other, which is present in individuals in Queensland and on West Island and Groote Eylandt off the north coast of Northern Territory, is bilaterally flattened with a single, attenuated, blunt apical hook and tail attached to the lower concave surface. These results (1) support the recent separation of P. patrius from P. delicatulus and, (2) suggest the presence of a cryptic species or subspecies within Pseudomys delicatulus as presently constituted.
Further Records of the False Water-Rat Xeromys myoides from Coastal Northern Territory.
Authors: Woinarski J C. Z. , Brennan K. , Dee A. , Njudumul J. , Guthayguthay P. , Horner P.
Published: December 2020

With the notable exception of the detailed study of Van Dyck (1996), the sparse literature on the False Water-rat Xeromys myoides comprises a few brief notes recording little more than new distributional records, odd facets of behaviour and limited habitat information (Redhead and McKean 1975; Magnusson et al. 1976; Dwyer et al. 1979; Van Dyck et al. 1979; Van Dyck 1992, 1994; Van Dyck and Durbidge 1992; Hitchcock 1998). Here we add one more such note, with the excuse that there are still too few pieces of the jigsaw to adequately circumscribe the range and habitat use of this species, rendering its conservation status almost impossible to define.
A Portable Device for Restraining Small Bats
Authors: Kabat A P. , Kincade T J.
Published: December 2020

Zoological field research frequently requires that researchers work alone. It is often necessary for animals to be restrained during many common procedures, such as the application of identification tags, fitting of radiotracking transmitters, and blood sampling. Restraint during these procedures can be difficult, as well as stressful to the animals. Many devices have been described for the restraint of animals (Mills et al., 1976; Fowler, 1978; Keegan, 1979; Christy, 1998), but very few have been described for restraining microbats (Micro- chiroptera). Mills et al. (1976) described one such device for obtaining blood samples from vampire bats. However, this device consisted of no more than a cork-board with a circular net taped onto it, requiring the bats to be sedated, and it could not be used by a single person in the field. Keegan (1979) described a method of restraining fruit bats but the relatively small size of microchiropterans makes the tube restrainer he described inappropriate for these animals. Here we describe an alternative device for restraining conscious microbats in order to obtain blood samples from wing veins. Our device is light, portable, rapidly applied and was designed for use by one person in the field without the use of anaesthesia
The Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus - Two Centuries Since Its First Contact with The Scientific Community.
Authors: Goldney D. , Grant T.
Published: December 2020

Two hundred years have passed since a skin, representing the first specimen of the platypus to reach England, was sent from the Australian colony by Governor Hunter. After its description by Shaw in 1799 the species was first studied in Australia by a number of expatriate biologists who visited the colonies to collect specimens in the 1800s. Their work was followed in the early 1900s by a group of resident natural historians and later by an increasing number of academic biologists. All of these workers have contributed significantly to the current understanding of the biology of this unique Australian species, but it has been in the last I0-20 years of this century that scientific investigations of the species have diversified to greatly increase our understanding of many aspects of the biology of Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
Growth of Nestling and Juvenile Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).
Authors: Grant T.R. , Temple-Smith P.O.
Published: December 2020

Body lengths and bill dimensions were recorded from 26 nestling platypuses from various museum collections and from published records. In nestling platypuses less than 3 months old bill width was greater than length, but this was reversed in older nestlings and in juveniles of both sexes. Nestlings grew from a body length of approximately 5 cm (~ 1 week of age) to 34 cm (14-17 weeks). Comparative data on growth of captive nestlings while sparse, supported the general trends seen in nestlings collected for this study. Body lengths and weights were also recorded from 219 (113 female; 106 male) platypuses which had been captured initially as juveniles in the upper Shoalhaven River. New South Wales. Recaptures resulted in 358 separate (215 female; 143 male) records from these animals. At emergence from the breeding burrow in January/February, juvenile males were significantly larger than females. Juvenile males had a mean body length of 41.2 (S.D.± 2.8) and females 37.5 (S.D.± 2.0) cm respectively (p<O.OOI) and mean body weights of recently emerged juvenile males and females were 779 (S.D.± 127) and 588 (S.D.± 88) g (p<O.OOI). Mean lengths and weights of the emerged juveniles were significantly smaller (p<O.OOI) than those sampled as adults (weight 65-70%; length 83-87%). The wide variation in weights and lengths of juvenile individuals of both sexes at first capture may be due to different times of emergence and/or the effects of different litter sizes.
Success of Enclosures Featuring Innovative Design Features for Public Display of Platypuses.
Authors: Carrick F. , Peereboom H. , Thompson G.
Published: December 2020

The history of public displays of platypuses has often not been a happy one for the platypuses concerned; however, there are also some examples of success. Although other approaches to keeping platypuses in captivity have been developed, most of the interesting things which platypuses do occur underwater, and a properly designed and engineered structure provides the opportunity for much larger numbers of people to see platypuses than in open situations. The construction of displays at Brisbane Forest Park and Fleay's Wildlife Park incorporates several innovative features, but at least as importantly, a management approach which fundamentally allows the platypus to come and go from the display area as it pleases, has been implemented. There are now several years experience with these facilities and the successful maintenance of their residents.
The Distribution and Abundance of Platypuses in The Thredbo River-Lake Jindabyne System.
Authors: Goldney D.
Published: December 2020

The Thredbo River is an upland alpine stream, with a steep gradient over its 50 km length contained within a 251 km2 catchment in the Australian Alps. The altitude gradient from its source to Lake Jindabyne is 850 metres. The distribution and abundance of platypuses were determined over a two year period using volunteer sightings, disciplined transect walking and pool observation, gill-netting in selected pools and fyke-netting in riffle areas. Under low flow conditions, 93 pools were identified downstream of Dead Horse Gap, 85% of which were judged to be in the medium to small category. Under snow melt conditions, as river flow increases and smaller pool 'disappear' in the torrent, the carrying capacity of the river is significantly reduced. Some base-line data were available from the 1980s. Platypuses were uncommon or absent in the upland and common, but not abundant, in the mid and lowland segments of the river. Small numbers of platypuses were located in two larger tributaries, but none in the remainder, which had very steep gradients and narrow channels. Low recruitment rates, an overall decline in numbers, as judged by catch effort compared to base-line data, a probable increase in transience suggesting a non-stable population, are all signs that the population is under considerable stress. Episodic flood events, habitat degradation and the dam wall barrier preventing reinvasion from downstream segments of the population after flood-induced population losses, when considered together with population data, suggest that the platypus population is vulnerable.
Instream Flow Requirements for The Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): High Flows. Studies of
Water Transfers from The Shoalhaven River System to The Hawkesbury-Nepean River System.
Authors: Grant T. , McDonald G.
Published: December 2020

During periods of low flows into the storages of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, Sydney Water pumps water from Lake Yarrunga, a storage at the junction of the Shoalhaven and Kangaroo Rivers. to the Wingecarribee Dam in the southern tablelands of New South Wales. From there it can be released into the upper Nepean River storages and/or the Wingecarribee River, which drains into the Wollondilly River and hence into the stored water behind Warragamba Dam. Prior to the formulation of an operational release strategy for this system, controlled releases of water were made into both the systems. During these releases the effects of flows on bank stability, water birds, benthic organisms and platypus populations and habitat were assessed, and a regime of maximum releases formulated. Potential impact on platypus populations was assessed by determining the height and/or area of bank left available for use by platypuses at the various flows. Subjective assessments were also made of the usable sections of the rivers for foraging at various flows. Broken white water was assumed to be unsuitable for foraging. The various investigations indicated that flows of 400 ML/day during September to March (water bird and platypus breeding and nesting season) and 600 ML/day at other times would have minimal impact on the ecology of the two river systems. Monitoring, studies involving netting and observations of platypuses in the upper Nepean River system indicated that operational releases within the suggested regime between July 1994 and May 1995 may have led to slightly reduced body condition in some animals during the higher flows in the winter of 1994. However the smaller discharges during the latter period of releases did not appear to result in platypuses entering the winter of 1995 in poor condition. Assessment of the usefulness of some sections of the river for foraging indicated that minor adjustments to the higher end of the flow regime may be necessary for future releases and that further monitoring needs to be done. Capture and observational monitoring studies indicated that releases of up to 500 ML/day in the Wingecarribee River between February and June 1995 had no noticeable effect on platypus activity or populations. Further monitoring needs to be done prior to, during and after higher flows and/or for longer periods in the Wingecarribee River.
Estimation of Divergence Dates for Monotremes From Comparisons of A-Lactalbumin Amino Acid Sequences.
Authors: Messer M. , Shaw D.C. , Weiss A.S. , Rissmiller P. , Griffiths M.
Published: December 2020

cx-Lactalbumins were isolated from milk of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Their amino acid sequences were determined and compared with those of the cx- lactalbumins often eutherian and two marsupial species, using the computer programme ("Distances") to calculate the number of differences (substitutions) between a total of 36 pairs of cx-lactalbumins. As expected, the amino acid sequences of the monotreme cx-lactalbumins were more similar to each other than to those of other mammals, as were the sequences of the marsupial and the eutherian cx-lactalbumins. If one makes the common assumption that marsupials and eutherians diverged from each other 135 Myr ago then simple calculations from the data would suggest that the platypus and echidna lineages diverged 56 ± 8 (SD) Myr ago and that monotremes diverged from the other mammals 152 ± 29 Myr ago. These values are not inconsistent with the little that is known about the palaeontology of the monotremes and are very similar to those derived from previous studies on globin sequences. If, however, monotreme cx-lactalbumins evolved more slowly than the cx-lactalbumins of eutherians and marsupials, these dates could be underestimates.
Application of Automated Radio Tracking to Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) Monitoring at Mount Emu Creek in Western Victoria.
Authors: Prevett P. , Titley D.
Published: December 2020

An automatic listening station suitable for platypus monitoring has been developed. The equipment includes a radio telemetry receiver connected to a data logger capable of sorting up to 160 input items of information. The data Jogger can receive information directly from a programmable flash memory device (FMD). The flash memory device (FMD) is programmed from a computer with the transmitter frequencies to be detected and stored prior to a site visit. For platypus work the radio telemetry receiver is deployed in the field at an appropriate data collection point, such as opposite a burrow opening, where frequency of visit data is required. The field data, which is stored in the data logger, is retrieved by the researcher by transferring information from the data logger to the FMD. In the laboratory the new data can be downloaded on to a personal computer for analysis, thus removing the need for a laptop computer in the field. Whilst recognising that no automated methods of data collection replace first hand observations of animals collected in the field, there are situations when automated data collection is very useful. The application of this technique to platypus monitoring at Mt.
Em Creek will be described.