bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Hak Merek Dagang di Kota Batam
Authors: Maileni Dwi Afni
Published: July 2020

Kota Batam merupakan salah satu kota terbesar di Kepulauan Riau dengan letak yang sangat strategis yaitu berada di pelayaran internasional dan juga memiliki jarak yang cukup dekat dengan negara Malaysia dan Singapura. Letaknya yang strategis ini dapat menjadi peluang untuk dapat menjadi pintu dalam memasarkan produk Indonesia ke negara tetangga. Produk yang dihasilkan tidak lepas dari merek itu sendiri. Sebuah merek dapat menimbulkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat karena melalui merek produk barang atau jasa sejenis dapat dibedakan asal muasalnya, kualitasnya serta keterjaminan bahwa suatu produk tersebut Original. Melalui merek sebuah perusahaan telah membangun suatu karakter terhadap produk-produknya, yang diharapkan akan dapat membentuk reputasi bisnis yang meningkat atas penggunaan merek tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian hukum normative, dengan data primernya yaitu sumber data yang diperoleh langsung dilapangan yaitu melalui wawancara dengan staff Divisi Hukum dan HAM Direktorat Jendral Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Kota Batam. Semua data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak merek dagang Dikota Batam pada tahun 2016 sudah mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang baik. Pemohon pendaftarn merek dagang pada Tahun 2016 di Kota Batam berjumlah 18 pendaftar dan sepanjang tahun 2016 tidak terdapat pelanggaran merek dikota batam, Jika dikota Batam ditemui merek-merek palsu hal tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat akan  perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak merek dagang itu sendiri, dalam proses hukum untuk pelanggaran merek sendiri haruslah berdasarkan delik aduan, jika tidak adanya delik aduan dari pemegang hak  merek itu sendiri dan masyarakat maka pelanggaran atas merek itu sendiri tidak dapat diproses secara hukum.Untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang merek terdapat tuntutan pidana bagi pelanggarnya yang telah diatur pada pasal 100 ayat 1,2 dan 3 Undang undang No.20 tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan indikasi Geografis.
Hukum Ekonomi Berkeadilan Substantif Menciptakan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development)
Authors: Rizhan Afrinald
Published: July 2020

Keadaan perekonomian suatu negara sangat dipengaruhi oleh hukum yang ada di negara tersebut. Hal ini menjadi suatu hal yang saling terkait dan tidak dapat di pisahkan satu sama lain. Mengingat pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut membutuhkan suatu batasan-batasan dalam pergerakkannya. Agar perekonomian itu dapat merata untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat atau bangsa, maka diharapkan peraturan-peraturan yang di buat oleh Pejabat yang berwenang mampu melahirkan peraturan-peraturan yang bersikap adil. Di sinilah kita membutuhkan suatu ilmu hukum ekonomi guna mewujudkan visi bangsa Indonesia yang termaktub dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, yaitu “Memajukan Kesejahteraan Umum”. Misinya adalah tugas yang diemban untuk menciptakan kehidupan yang ideal baik dalam arti spiritual maupun fisik materil.
Seagrass leaf reddening alters the microbiome of Zostera muelleri
Authors: Hurtado-McCormick V , Kahlke T , Krix D , Larkum A , Ralph PJ , Seymour JR
Published: July 2020

Seagrasses host an extremely diverse microbiome that plays fundamental roles in seagrass health and productivity but may be sensitive to shifts in host physiology. Here, we observed a leaf reddening phenomenon in Zostera muelleri and characterized bacterial assemblages associated with green and reddened leaves to determine whether this change in leaf pigmentation stimulates shifts in the seagrass microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we observed that the microbiome associated with 4 different leaf pigmentation categories (i.e. green, white, purple and black) differed significantly, with substantial changes in microbiome composition when the tissue is whitened (non-pigmented). Actinobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae, Erythrobacter, Sulfitobacter and Granulosicoccus were enriched in black and/or purple tissues and discriminated these microbiomes from those associated with green leaves. Contrastingly, all ‘discriminatory’ zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) were depleted within the communities associated with white samples. While 40% of the abundant zOTUs identified were exclusively associated with a single pigmentation category, only 3% were shared across all categories, indicating partitioning of the phyllosphere microbiome. However, a significant proportion of the ‘normal’ (green) leaf core microbiome was also retained in the core communities associated with black (70%) and purple (70%) tissues. Contrastingly, no core zOTUs were maintained in the white tissues. These results indicate that environmentally driven physiological shifts in seagrasses, such as leaf reddening expressed in response to high irradiance, can impact the seagrass leaf microbiome, resulting in significant shifts in the microbiome of reddened leaves with the most extreme expression (in white tissue of reddened leaves).
Evaluation of the Effect of GABAB Agonists on the Vagal Nodose C-Fibers in the Esophagus
Authors: BROZMANOVÁ M. , MAZÚROVÁ L. , TATÁR M. , KOLLÁRIK M.
Published: July 2020

Clinical studies showed that GABAB receptor agonists improve symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. One proposed mechanism of this effect is direct inhibition of the gastroesophageal vagal tension mechanosensors by GABAB agonists leading to reduction of reflux. In addition to tension mechanosensors, the vagal nodose ganglion supplies the esophagus with nociceptive C-fibers that likely contribute to impairment of esophageal reflex regulation in diseases. We hypothesized that GABAB agonists inhibit mechanically-induced activation of vagal esophageal nodose C-fibers in baseline and/or in sensitized state induced by inflammatory mediators. Ex vivo extracellular recordings were made from the esophageal nodose C-fibers in the isolated vagally-innervated guinea pig esophagus. We found that the selective GABAB agonist baclofen (100-300 µM) did not inhibit activation of esophageal nodose C-fibers evoked by esophageal distention (10-60 mmHg). The mechanical response of esophageal nodose C-fibers can be sensitized by different pathways including the stimulation of the histamine H1 receptor and the stimulation the adenosine A2A receptor. Baclofen failed to inhibit mechanical sensitization of esophageal nodose C-fibers induced by histamine (100 µM) or the selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 (3 nM). Our data suggest that the direct mechanical inhibition of nodose C-fibers in the esophagus is unlikely to contribute to beneficial effects of GABAB agonists in patients with esophageal diseases.
EFFECTS OF FERTILISER AND GRAZING ON A PASTURE SPECIES MIXTURE IN HIGH COUNTRY
Authors: Scott D. , Covacevich N.
Published: July 2020

The effect of 30 treatments (5 fertiliser rates x 3 stocking densities x 2 grazing methods) on an undeveloped tussock/hawkweed high country grassland site, sown with 12 legumes and 12 grasses and herbs, is reported. The trial was legume dominant for at least four years. with little establishment without applied fertiliser. By the fourth spring, the most successful species were Russell lupin, red clover and alsike clover at intermediate fertility inputs (50-250 kg/ha) and alsike and white clover under irrigation plus high superphosphate fertiliser input (500 kg/ha).
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PASTURE IMPROVEMENT IN SOUTH OTAGO TUSSOCK HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Pantall A.W.
Published: July 2020

Over the past 25 years farmers in South Otago have raised the carrying capacity of native undeveloped tussock land from 0.6 su/ha to 15 su/ha through techniques of cultivation and oversowing. The success has been achieved by a whole range of mterrelated operations, which have evolved from cultivating ploughable undeveloped tussock land and sowing into pastures with white clover/fyegrass cultivars. and oversowing the rougher undeveloped hills with similar Pasture species. Soils of the region lacked molybdenum and phosphate, and topdressing with molybdlc superphosphate greatly increased white clover yields. In the 1950s animal production was based on breeding and selling store stock, but today the emphasis is on retaining stock and fattening for export The results of development over the last two to three decades have put the farmers in a good position to meet the future, especially the economic problems facing the industry. Keywords: molybdenum, oversowing. grarmg management, productivity, cultivars, tussock hill country
Perennial legumes and grasses in the system of sustainable fodder production in the south of Russia
Authors: Khonina Olesya
Published: July 2020

The results of research on the assessment of the forage and environment-forming role of legumes and cereals grass and grass mixtures with their participation are presented. It is established that adaptive and stable phytocenoses based on such grasses as yellow alfalfa, yellow melilot, sainfoin, wheatgrass, Wheatgrass during haymaking use form on average 10.3–14.5 t/ha of green mass, 2.0–3.1 t/ha of dry matter, 280–390 kg/ha of raw protein and 12.1–18.8 GJ/ha of exchange energy in the arid zone in the southern of Russia.
Effective Strategies for Managing COVID-19 Emergency Restrictions for Adults with Severe ASD in a Daycare Center in Italy
Authors: Brondino Natascia , Damiani Stefano , Politi Pierluigi
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious challenge for the life and mental health of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). COVID-19 sanitary restrictions led to significant changes in the lives of people with ASD, including their routines; similarly, these modifications affected the daily activities of the daycare centers which they attended. The present retrospective study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on challenging behaviors in a cohort of people with severe ASD attending a daycare center in Italy at the beginning of the pandemic. During the first two weeks of the pandemic, we did not observe variations in challenging behaviors. This suggests that adaptations used to support these individuals with ASD in adapting to the COVID-19 emergency restrictions were effective for managing their behavior.
Brain Opioid Activity and Oxidative Injury: Different Molecular Scenarios Connecting Celiac Disease and Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Di Liberto Diana , D’Anneo Antonella , Carlisi Daniela , Emanuele Sonia , De Blasio Anna , Calvaruso Giuseppe , Giuliano Michela , Lauricella Marianna
Published: July 2020

Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins from other cereals, such as barley and rye. Immunity against these cereal-derived proteins is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by both innate and adaptive system response in individuals unable to adequately digest them. Peptides generated in this condition are absorbed across the gut barrier, which in these patients is characterized by the deregulation of its permeability. Here, we discuss a possible correlation between CD and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis. ASD can be induced by an excessive and inappropriate brain opioid activity during the neonatal period. Cereal-derived peptides produced in celiac patients cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to endogenous opioid receptors interfering with neurotransmission and generating deleterious effects on brain maturation, learning and social relations. Moreover, an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity, as well as an extended mitochondrial impairment in the brain, could represent a possible connection between ASD and CD. Therefore, we critically discuss the proposed relationship between ASD and CD and the possible usefulness of a gluten-free diet in ASD patients.
Formation of Tetranuclear Nickel(II) Complexes with Schiff-Bases: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: You Zhonglu , Luo Yingying , Herringer Susan , Li Yanmin , Decurtins Silvio , Krämer Karl W. , Liu Shi-Xia
Published: July 2020

The cubane-type structure is a typical representative of tetranuclear coordination compounds. In this work, two anionic Schiff-base ligands, (L1)2− and (L2)2−, each offering an O^N^O coordination pocket, ligate four NiII ions into a [Ni4O4] cubane core. The ligands are H2L1 = 2−[[(3-ethoxy-2−hydroxyphenyl) methylene]amino]benzenemethanol and H2L2 = 2−[[(5-fluoro-2−hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]benzenemethanol. In both compounds, [Ni4(L1)4(EtOH)4] (1) and [Ni4(L2)4(MeOH)4] (2), alkoxy oxygens of the ligands act in a bridging μ3-O binding mode. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization data for compounds 1 and 2 are presented. The Ni–O–Ni bond angles of the cubane core determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data play a key role for a magneto-structural correlation. Dominant intracube ferromagnetic behavior is observed, and the coupling parameters were determined for both compounds, leading to nonzero spin ground states in accordance with the broadly accepted bond angle guideline.
40-Year Projections of Disability and Social Isolation of Older Adults for Long-Range Policy Planning in Singapore
Authors: Ng Reuben , Lim Si Qi , Saw Su Ying , Tan Kelvin Bryan
Published: July 2020

Against a rapidly aging population, projections are done to size up the demand for long-term care (LTC) services for long-range policy planning. These projections are typically focused on functional factors such as disability. Recent studies indicate the importance of social factors, for example, socially isolated seniors living alone are more likely to be institutionalized, resulting in higher demand for LTC services. This is one the first known studies to complete a 40-year projection of LTC demand based on disability and social isolation. The primary micro dataset was the Retirement and Health Survey, Singapore’s first nationally representative longitudinal study of noninstitutionalized older adults aged 45 to 85 with over 15,000 respondents. Disability prevalence across the mild to severe spectrum is projected to increase five-fold over the next 40 years, and the number of socially isolated elders living alone is projected to grow four-fold. Regression models of living arrangements revealed interesting ethnic differences: Malay elders are 2.6 times less likely to live alone than their Chinese counterparts, controlling for marital status, age, and housing type. These projections provide a glimpse of the growing demand for LTC services for a rapidly aging Singapore and underscore the need to shore up community-based resources to enable seniors to age-in-place.
The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Li Tiao , Zou Chunbin
Published: July 2020

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by an inflammatory response, alveolar edema, and hypoxemia. ARDS occurs most often in the settings of pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or severe trauma. The prevalence of ARDS is approximately 10% in patients of intensive care. There is no effective remedy with mortality high at 30–40%. Most functional proteins are dynamic and stringently governed by ubiquitin proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is reversible, the covalently attached monoubiquitin or polyubiquitin moieties within the targeted protein can be removed by a group of enzymes called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Deubiquitination plays an important role in the pathobiology of ALI/ARDS as it regulates proteins critical in engagement of the alveolo-capillary barrier and in the inflammatory response. In this review, we provide an overview of how DUBs emerge in pathogen-induced pulmonary inflammation and related aspects in ALI/ARDS. Better understanding of deubiquitination-relatedsignaling may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting specific elements of the deubiquitination pathways.
Trypanosomatids Detected in the Invasive Avian Parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Pike Courtney L. , Lincango María Piedad , Causton Charlotte E. , Parker Patricia G.
Published: July 2020

Alien insect species may present a multifaceted threat to ecosystems into which they are introduced. In addition to the direct damage they may cause, they may also bring novel diseases and parasites and/or have the capacity to vector microorganisms that are already established in the ecosystem and are causing harm. Damage caused by ectoparasitic larvae of the invasive fly, Philornis downsi (Dodge and Aitken) to nestlings of endemic birds in the Galapagos Islands is well documented, but nothing is known about whether this fly is itself associated with parasites or pathogens. In this study, diagnostic molecular methods indicated the presence of insect trypanosomatids in P. downsi; to our knowledge, this is the first record of insect trypanosomatids associated with Philornis species. Phylogenetic estimates and evolutionary distances indicate these species are most closely related to the Crithidia and Blastocrithidia genera, which are not currently reported in the Galapagos Islands. The prevalence of trypanosomatids indicates either P. downsi arrived with its own parasites or that it is a highly suitable host for trypanosomatids already found in the Galapagos Islands, or both. We recommend further studies to determine the origin of the trypanosomatid infections to better evaluate threats to endemic fauna of the Galapagos Islands.
Landscape Vegetation Productivity Influences Population Dynamics of Key Pests in Small Avocado Farms in Kenya
Authors: Toukem Nadia K. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Dubois Thomas , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih M. , Adan Marian Salim , Mohamed Samira A.
Published: July 2020

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) production contributes to the economic growth of East Africa. However, poor fruit quality caused by infestations of tephritid fruit flies (Tephritidae) and the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick), hampers access to lucrative export markets. Remote sensing and spatial analysis are increasingly applied to crop pest studies to develop sustainable and cost-effective control strategies. In this study, we assessed pest abundance in Muranga, Kenya, across three vegetation productivity classes, viz., low, medium and high, which were estimated using the normalised difference vegetation index at a landscape scale. Population densities of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and T. leucotreta in avocado farms were estimated through specific baited traps and fruit rearing. The population density of T. leucotreta varied across the vegetation productivity classes throughout the study period, although not significantly. Meanwhile, B. dorsalis showed a clear trend of decrease over time and was significantly lower in high vegetation productivity class compared to low and medium classes. Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) was the most abundant pest reared from fruit with few associated parasitoids, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) and Toxeumorpha nigricola (Ferriere).
One-Pot Hydrothermal Preparation of Fe3O4 Decorated Graphene for Microwave Absorption
Authors: Du Zhonghe , Chen Xibang , Zhang Youwei , Que Xueyan , Liu Pinggui , Zhang Xiuqin , Ma Hui-Ling , Zhai Maolin
Published: July 2020

Fe3O4 decorated graphene was synthesized for electromagnetic wave absorption via a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanomaterials were systematically investigated. The graphene oxide (GO) was reduced and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were evenly decorated on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. The average particle size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is about 15.3 nm. The as-prepared rGO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibited a good microwave absorption performance because of the combination of graphene and magnetic Fe3O4. When the thicknesses are 1.6 mm and 6.5 mm, the reflection loss (RL) values are up to −34.4 dB and −37.5 dB, respectively. The effective bandwidths are 3.8 and 1.9 GHz.
Effects of MgO Expansive Agent and Steel Fiber on Crack Resistance of a Bridge Deck
Authors: Jiang Feifei , Deng Min , Mo Liwu , Wu Wenqing
Published: July 2020

To prevent cracks caused by shrinkage of the deck of the Xiaoqing River Bridge, MgO concrete (MC) and steel fiber reinforced MgO concrete (SMC) were used. The deformation and strength of the deck were measured in the field, the resistance to chloride penetration of the concrete was measured in the laboratory, and the pore structure of the concrete was analyzed by a mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). The results showed that the expansion caused by the hydration of MgO could suppress the shrinkage of the bridge deck, and the deformation of the deck changed from −88.3 × 10−6 to 24.9 × 10−6, effectively preventing shrinkage cracks. At the same time, due to the restriction of the expansion of MgO by the steel bars, the expansion of the bridge deck in the later stage gradually stabilized, and no harmful expansion was produced. When steel fiber and MgO were used at the same time, the three-dimensional distribution of steel fiber further limited the expansion of MgO. The hydration expansion of MgO in confined space reduced the porosity of concrete, optimized the pore structure, and improved the strength and durability of concrete. The research on the performance of concrete in the in-situ test section showed that MgO and steel fiber were safe for the bridge deck, which not only solved the problem of shrinkage cracking of the bridge deck but also further improved the mechanical properties of the bridge deck.
Mechanical Characterisation and Analysis of a Passive Micro Heat Exchanger
Authors: Granados-Ortiz Francisco-Javier , Ortega-Casanova Joaquín
Published: July 2020

Heat exchangers are widely used in many mechanical, electronic, and bioengineering applications at macro and microscale. Among these, the use of heat exchangers consisting of a single fluid passing through a set of geometries at different temperatures and two flows in T-shape channels have been extensively studied. However, the application of heat exchangers for thermal mixing over a geometry leading to vortex shedding has not been investigated. This numerical work aims to analyse and characterise a heat exchanger for microscale application, which consists of two laminar fluids at different temperature that impinge orthogonally onto a rectangular structure and generate vortex shedding mechanics that enhance thermal mixing. This work is novel in various aspects. This is the first work of its kind on heat transfer between two fluids (same fluid, different temperature) enhanced by vortex shedding mechanics. Additionally, this research fully characterise the underlying vortex mechanics by accounting all geometry and flow regime parameters (longitudinal aspect ratio, blockage ratio and Reynolds number), opposite to the existing works in the literature, which usually vary and analyse blockage ratio or longitudinal aspect ratio only. A relevant advantage of this heat exchanger is that represents a low-Reynolds passive device, not requiring additional energy nor moving elements to enhance thermal mixing. This allows its use especially at microscale, for instance in biomedical/biomechanical and microelectronic applications.
Petrogenesis of the Nashwaak Granite, West-Central New Brunswick, Canada: Evidence from Trace Elements, O and Hf Isotopes of Zircon, and O Isotopes of Quartz
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lentz David R. , Thorne Kathleen G.
Published: July 2020

The petrogenesis of the Pridoli to Early Lochkovian granites in the Miramichi Highlands of New Brunswick, Canada, is controversial. This study focuses on the Pridoli Nashwaak Granite (biotite granite and two-mica granite). In situ trace elements and O and Hf isotopes in zircon, coupled with O isotopes in quartz, are used to reveal its magmatic sources and evolution processes. In the biotite granite, inherited zircon cores have broadly homogenous δ18OZrc ranging from +6.7‰ to 7.4‰, whereas magmatic zircon rims have δ18OZrc of +6.3‰ to 7.2‰ and εHf(t) of −0.39 to −5.10. The Hf and Yb/Gd increase with decreasing Th/U. Quartz is isotopically equilibrated with magmatic zircon rims. The biotite granite is interpreted to be solely derived by partial melting of old basement rocks of Ganderia and fractionally crystallized at the fO2 of 10−21 to 10−10 bars. The two-mica granite has heterogeneous inherited zircon cores (δ18OZrc of +5.2‰ to 9.9‰) and rims (δ18OZrc of +6.2‰ to 8.7‰), and εHf(t) of −11.7 to −1.01. The two-mica granite was derived from the same basement, but with supracrustal contamination. This open-system process is also recorded by Yb/Gd and Th/U ratios in zircon and isotopic disequilibrium between magmatic zircon rims and quartz (+10.3 ± 0.2‰).
A Gluten-Free Meal Produces a Lower Postprandial Thermogenic Response Compared to an Iso-Energetic/Macronutrient Whole Food or Processed Food Meal in Young Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Dioneda Brittney , Healy Margaret , Paul Maia , Sheridan Caitlin , Mohr Alex E. , Arciero Paul J.
Published: July 2020

Consumption of ultra-processed food (PF) is associated with obesity risk compared with whole food (WF) intake. Less is known regarding the intake of gluten-free (GF) food products. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the thermic effect (TEM), substrate utilization, hunger/taste ratings, and glucose response of three different meals containing PF, WF, and GF food products in young healthy women. Eleven volunteers completed all three iso-caloric/macronutrient test meals in a single-blind, randomized crossover design: (1) whole food meal (WF); (2) processed food meal (PF); or (3) gluten-free meal (GF). TEM was significantly lower following GF compared with WF (−20.94 kcal/meal, [95% CI, −35.92 to −5.96], p = 0.008) and PF (mean difference: −14.94 kcal/meal, [95% CI, −29.92 to 0.04], p = 0.04), respectively. WF consumption resulted in significantly higher feelings of fullness compared to GF (mean difference: +14.36%, [95% CI, 3.41 to 25.32%], p = 0.011) and PF (mean difference: +16.81%, [95% CI, 5.62 to 28.01%], p = 0.004), respectively, and enhanced palatability (taste of meal) compared to PF meal (mean Δ: +27.41%, [95% CI, 5.53 to 49.30%], p = 0.048). No differences existed for substrate utilization and blood glucose response among trials. Consumption of a GF meal lowers postprandial thermogenesis compared to WF and PF meals and fullness ratings compared to a WF meal which may impact weight control and obesity risk over the long-term.
Cuban Brown Propolis Interferes in the Crosstalk between Colorectal Cancer Cells and M2 Macrophages
Authors: Frión-Herrera Yahima , Gabbia Daniela , Scaffidi Michela , Zagni Letizia , Cuesta-Rubio Osmany , De Martin Sara , Carrara Maria
Published: July 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), primarily the M2 phenotype, are involved in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cuban brown propolis (Cp) and its main component Nemorosone (Nem) displays an antiproliferative effect on different cancer cells, including CRC cell lines. However, whether Cp and Nem could exploit its effect on CRC cells by targeting their relationship with TAMs remains to be elucidated. In this study, we differentiated the human monocytic THP-1 cells to M2 macrophages and confirmed this transition by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, qRT-PCR and zymography. An MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of Cp and Nem on the viability of CRC HT-29 cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the migration and invasion abilities of HT-29 cells were determined by Transwell assays and the expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed by IF staining. We demonstrated that Cp and Nem reduced the viability of M2 macrophages and, accordingly, the activity of the MMP-9 metalloprotein. Moreover, we demonstrated that M2 macrophages produce soluble factors that positively regulate HT-29 cell growth, migration and invasion. These M2-mediated effects were counteracted by Cp and Nem treatments, which also played a role in regulating the expression of the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin. Taken together, our results indicate that Nem contained in Cp interferes in the crosstalk between CRC cells and TAMs, by targeting M2 macrophages.
Towards East Asian Ecotheologies of Climate Crisis
Authors: Kirkpatrick-Jung Anna , Riches Tanya
Published: July 2020

An anthropogenically caused climate crisis threatens the Earth and humanity. As such, religion’s engagement is of increasing importance. This paper critically evaluates the significance of the East Asian context regarding the climate crisis, arguing for contextualization of contemporary ecotheology, or an East Asian contextual ecotheology. Considering how key contextual elements might inform ecotheologies to mobilize Christians regionally to action in relation to the climate crisis, this paper concludes that the field of East Asian ecotheology is an emerging conversation rich with opportunity for continued theologizing and inter-religious dialogue, and practical impetus for East Asian Christians to mobilize to address the climate crisis. Suggestions are made as to how these ecotheologies may be integrated into Christian practice in the region.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Ecosystem Services with Remote Sensing”
Authors: Gao Jiangbo
Published: July 2020

Ecosystem services refer to the environmental conditions and utilities provided and maintained by ecosystems, which are the basis for the survival and development of human society. The studies on ecosystem services in quantitative assessments, driving mechanisms, and correlation with human well-being, based on remote sensing, have increased in recent years. Various applications of remote sensing in ecosystem services are reported in six papers published in this Special Issue. The major research topics covered by this Special Issue include the multi-method analysis (e.g., linear regression, geographical detector, and geographically weighted regression methodology) of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to reflect ecosystem structure, the dynamic changing process of ecosystem services, and the determinants, which include a new image-analysis method based on a time series of a biophysical variable and the application of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) to analyze the spatiotemporal relationship between ecosystem structure and function and the comprehensive study on ecosystem function and service based on multi-source remote sensing data. The application of remote sensing data to ecosystem services research has the advantage of monitoring ecological structure and functions at multi-scales. Furthermore, the quantitative calculation of ecosystem services, based on remote sensing, can provide a scientific basis for enhancing land use optimization and sustainable development.
Prediction of the Kiwifruit Decline Syndrome in Diseased Orchards by Remote Sensing
Authors: Savian Francesco , Martini Marta , Ermacora Paolo , Paulus Stefan , Mahlein Anne-Katrin
Published: July 2020

Eight years after the first record in Italy, Kiwifruit Decline (KD), a destructive disease causing root rot, has already affected more than 25% of the area under kiwifruit cultivation in Italy. Diseased plants are characterised by severe decay of the fine roots and sudden wilting of the canopy, which is only visible after the season’s first period of heat (July–August). The swiftness of symptom appearance prevents correct timing and positioning for sampling of the disease, and is therefore a barrier to aetiological studies. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of thermal and multispectral imaging for the detection of KD using an unsupervised classifier. Thus, RGB, multispectral and thermal data from a kiwifruit orchard, with healthy and diseased plants, were acquired simultaneously during two consecutive growing seasons (2017–2018) using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform. Data reduction was applied to the clipped areas of the multispectral and thermal data from the 2017 survey. Reduced data were then classified with two unsupervised algorithms, a K-means and a hierarchical method. The plant vigour (canopy size and presence/absence of wilted leaves) and the health shifts exhibited by asymptomatic plants between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated from RGB data via expert assessment and used as the ground truth for cluster interpretation. Multispectral data showed a high correlation with plant vigour, while temperature data demonstrated a good potential use in predicting health shifts, especially in highly vigorous plants that were asymptomatic in 2017 and became symptomatic in 2018. The accuracy of plant vigour assessment was above 73% when using multispectral data, while clustering of the temperature data allowed the prediction of disease outbreak one year in advance, with an accuracy of 71%. Based on our results, the unsupervised clustering of remote sensing data could be a reliable tool for the identification of sampling areas, and can greatly improve aetiological studies of this new disease in kiwifruit.
Comprehensive Sustainability Assessment of Regenerative Actions on the Thermal Envelope of Obsolete Buildings under Climate Change Perspective
Authors: Mercader-Moyano Pilar , Ramos-Martín Manuel
Published: July 2020

Improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings in favor of reducing consumer demand and associated emissions is one of the central strategies for achieving global GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions reduction targets. Contemplating this activity within the paradigm of long-term sustainability implies, on one hand, that project intervention strategies must be assisted by tools that integrate social, environmental, and economic indicators that must be evaluated from an LCA (life cycle assessment) perspective and, on the other hand, deviations must be considerate of the energy-saving projections that are sought to be achieved through the potential strategies to be implemented. This article develops an LCA methodology whose objective is to evaluate the comprehensive sustainability of existing passive strategies in the local industry through the quantification of environmental and economic indicators throughout different climatic scenarios, which are socially contextualized for a building existing in a Mediterranean region. Part of the results obtained showed a loss of the effectiveness of measurements with an adequate response to the current climatological reality.
Infection of a Lepidopteran Cell Line with Deformed Wing Virus
Authors: Erez Tal , Chejanovsky Nor
Published: July 2020

Many attempts to develop a reliable cell cultured-based system to study honey bee virus infections have encountered substantial difficulties. We investigated the ability of a cell line from a heterologous insect to sustain infection by a honey bee virus. For this purpose, we infected the Lepidopteran hemocytic cell line (P1) with Deformed wing virus (DWV). The genomic copies of DWV increased upon infection, as monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, a tagged-primer-based RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of DWV negative-sense RNA in the cells, indicating virus replication. However, the DWV from infected cells was mildly infectious to P1 cells. Similar results were obtained when the virus was injected into Apis mellifera pupae. Thus, though the virus yields from the infected cells appeared to be very low, we show for the first time that DWV can replicate in a heterologous cell line. Given the availability of many other insect cell lines, our study paves the way for future exploration in this direction. In the absence of adequate A. mellifera cell lines, exploring the ability of alternative cell lines to enable honey bee virus infections could provide the means to study and understand the viral infectious cycle at the cellular level and facilitate obtaining purified isolates of these viruses.
«THOUGHTS ON UNIVERSAL HISTORY» BY ALEKSEY KHOMYAKOV IN THE SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE SERBIAN TRADITION
Authors: Osipova Yelena A.
Published: July 2020

The article considers the work of the Russian Slavophil thinker Aleksey Khomyakov (1804-1860) «Semiramis, or Thoughts on Universal History». Despite the fact that in recent years there have been many works in the fi eld of literary criticism devoted
to this work of the philosopher, it still remains unraveled in full. However, much in the worldview and creative work of Aleksey Khomyakov and Slavophil philosophers are revealed in a new light as a result of the ideological and thematic correlation of
«Semiramis» with the broad historical and spiritual and cultural context of the Serbian national tradition (on the example of the philosophical works of Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović, Archimandrite Justin (Popović), poet Jovan Dučić and other authors).
What is the main subject of Aleksey Khomyakov’s study in «Semiramis», is history and ways of development of the whole human race. The vector of basic refl ections of the philosopher, who focused his attention on the fate of Europe and Slavics as its integral and essential constituent, can be seen against this background. The consonance and «intersection» of the thinker’s reasoning with the Serbian cultural and literary tradition makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the unity of the Orthodox Slavic identity of Russians and Serbs - despite all the unique cultural and historical features of the nations. Realisation of this fact becomes possible due to the scale of themes stated by Aleksey Khomyakov in his work, as well as due to the organic connection of the author’s deep historical knowledge and artistic vision.
THE POEM «IN MEMORIAM...» AS AN INDEPENDENT GENRE FORM IN THE POETRY OF JOSEPH BRODSKY
Authors: Zhilyakov Sergey V.
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the poetics of the poem «In Memoriam...» in the works of Joseph Brodsky in terms of works of the same name. It is established that the genre-forming factor in it are elements of compositional and content unity, such as the title, thematic refl ection, the status of the author’s «I», archetypal images of water and related connotatives that make up the internal chronotope and locus indices, which are associated with the metaphor «to recur to memory» and which in Brodsky have the form of mythopoesis, defi ned by autobiographical and semiotic meanings. It is revealed that works of the type «In
Memoriam...», although they have genealogical connections, are different from the epitaph, poems to commemorate death of certain persons, that the typological connection brings them closer to the dedicatory tradition. In this connection, it is
concluded that in relation to the desired genre that combines the poems «In Memoriam...», one can use the original name that separates it, or consider it a poetic mnemonic dedication.
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION – AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF IMPROVING QUALITY OF PREPARATION FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Mel’nikova Inna I. , Yelifant’yeva Svetlana S.
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on the tools and methods of cross-disciplinary integration as a part of the professional education of primary schools teachers. According to the Federal Standards of High Education, primary school teachers must be able to ensure students’ progress in nine or ten subjects, which requires expertise in several non-closely connected subject areas. Currently each of these areas is studied separately, while reasonable integration would allow for more systematic knowledge. University
lecturers and professors normally prefer to merge the subject areas with the methods of teaching these subjects, but rarely use the existing tools for exploring connections between science and humanities. Cross-disciplinary tasks are the most effective tool
of such exploration. Hence, in this article the authors provide the defi nition of the cross-disciplinary tasks, its goals and purposes, methodological requirements for such tasks, and analyse their own experience of implementation such tasks in a university
setting. The article provides examples of cross-disciplinary tasks the authors used in their Russian language and Mathematics courses, taught in 2018-2019 academic year in Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogic University. The tasks are applicable while
studying the following topics – Theory of Sets, Theory of Combinations, Mathematical Logics, Algebra, as well as Phonetics, Phonology and Calligraphy. The authors found that the implementation of the tasks increased students’ motivation and helped
establish connection between the two disciplines, while also enhancing the understanding of both subject areas. Based in these results, authors propose using such tasks as a form of the fi nal examination for the academic module «Subject Areas and Methods of Teaching» at higher education institutions offering degrees in Primary Education degrees.
VARIABLE ASSESSMENTS OF THE «SCHOOL AND SOCIETY» PROBLEM AND SOCIALISATION OF PUPILS IN RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Zubareva Natalia N. , Kireeva Elena V.
Published: July 2020

The variable assessments of the problem called «school and society» in Russia of the second half of the 19th – the early 20th centuries are defi ned in the publication, the basic ideas of formation of the educational ideal of general secondary education, topical for both pre-revolutionary period and the present, are considered. Analysis and generalisation of variable approaches to problems of formation of ideal of general secondary education, discussions about upbringing – priority of a person or a specialist – are carried out by the authors. The content of the article refl ects the results of theoretical and practical research, related to the analysis of the works of the leading pedagogues of the period under study (Pavel Blonsky, Vasiliy Vakhterov, Pyotr Kapterev, Nikolay Kareyev, Dmitry Pisarev, Nikolay Pirogov, Vladimir Stoyunin, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolay Chernyshevsky) on singling out the ideas which infl uences the ideal of the period of study. We will list among them: the opportunity to rebuild society through the restructuring of the school; the school lag from the demands of society, i.e., from
life; contradictions that arise between public and individual (personal) educational requests; identifi cation of priorities for the interests of the individual. The presented ideas allow to trace continuity with modern education and with their refl ection
in modern interpretation of «educational ideal.» The content of the publication may primarily be of interest to teachers of general education organisations, as well as to pedagogues-researchers who work on problems of the history of pedagogy in
the system of general secondary education of the period under study.
Strategi Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Melalui Model Sertifikasi Kompetensi
Authors: Prawiyogi Anggy Giri , Toyibah Restu Ajeng
Published: July 2020

Berdasarkan perkembangan bonus demografi, Indonesia memiliki potensi jumlah penduduk dengan populasi umur produktif sebanyak 185,34 juta jiwa. Khususnya para mahasiswa/i yang ada di perguruan tinggi. Hal ini menjadi sebuah peluang yang ditangkap dalam penelitian ini, dengan tujuan untuk membuat strategi peningkatan kompetensi mahasiswa melalui model sertifikasi kompetensi demi membentuk lulusan sarjana yang berkualitas.

 Kompetensi ini dinyatakan dengan kepemilikan sertifikat kompetensi dari suatu lembaga yang diakui/terakreditasi. Dengan demikian mahasiswa Pendidikan tinggi dapat mengikuti uji kompetensi. Sehingga, mahasiswa ketika lulus ujian sarjana akan mendapatkan ijazah dari pendidikan tinggi dan juga Sertifikat Kompetensi. Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa perguruan tinggi Pengaraian berada pada posisi Growth (pengembangan) yang memiliki peluang dan kekuatan. Untuk mencapai posisi tersebut maka perlu memperhatikan langkah-langkah strategi apa yang akan digunakan, bagaimana evaluasi strategi tersebut sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan.
Pembelajaran Interaktif berbasis Gamifikasi guna Mendukung Program WFH pada saat Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Amany Devia , Desire Aisyah
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi di era Pendidikan 4.0 saat ini tidak dapat diragukan lagi. Banyaknya media pembelajaran seperti Classroom, Edmodo, Google form, web Blog pribadi dll dapat menjadi pilihan. Pembelajaran jarak jauh sudah tidak asing lagi bagi para millenials, Jarak tidak lagi menjadi penghalang dalam melakukan pembelajaran utamanya pada saat sekarang ini. Akibat terjadinya penyebaran pandemic Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) kegiatan pembelajaran bertatap muka langsung mulai diliburkan digantikan dengan pembelajaran daring atau disebut dengan Work From Home (WFH). Namun dalam keberlangsungan pembelajaran melalui daring mengalami kendala dan beberapa keluhan seperti jumlah absensi siswa karena kurang bervariasinya metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dan cenderung membosankan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah memberikan variasi baru dalam proses pembelajaran iLearning dengan berbasis gamifikasi yang diharapkan para murid/siswa tertarik dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar  dan membuatnya lebih interaktif dan menyenangkan. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis Gamifikasi dan SWOT yang didasarkan pada kondisi saat ini, dilakukan analisis yang menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran iLearning berbasis gamifikasi dapat menjadi variasi baru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar serta dapat berjalan efektif pada saat dilaksanakannya Work From Home (WFH) akibat pandemic Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
Pengaruh Penggunaan Isu Sosiosaintifik dalam Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Siswa
Authors: Sismawarni Wuri Utami Dea , Usman Usman , Hamid Nur , Kusumaningtyas Pintaka
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan isu sosiosaintifik dalam penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) terhadap keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas X MAN 1 Samarinda pada pokok bahasan Hukum-hukum Dasar Kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimental, dengan jenis rancangan penelitian pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA MAN 1 Samarinda tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 106 siswa, yang terbagi ke dalam 3 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan dipilih 2 kelas sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, yang masing-masing berjumlah 28 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes berupa soal pretest dan posttest untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai thitung = 3,072 > ttabel = 1,673 (α= 0,05), yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan isu sosiosaintifik dalam model PBM berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa.
‘JAGUAN’, VARIEDAD CRIOLLA MEJORADA DE MAÍZ PARA ÁREAS DE TEMPORAL DEL SURESTE DE COAHUILA, MÉXICO
Authors: Rincón-Sánchez Froylán , Ruíz-Torres Norma A. , Cuellar-Flores Ricardo , Zamora-Cancino Francisco
Published: July 2020

En los sistemas agrícolas de temporal o secano, donde la producción de maíz (Zea mays L.) depende principalmente de la magnitud y distribución de las lluvias, comúnmente los materiales genéticos que se siembran son poblaciones nativas (criollas), variedades y poblaciones sintéticas. En el Estado de Coahuila, la mitad de su territorio (49 %) presenta clima seco y semiseco, 46 % tiene clima muy seco y el restante 5 % (zonas altas del sureste) registra clima templado subhúmedo. La temperatura media anual fluctúa entre 18 y 22 °C, y la precipitación pluvial media anual es de 400 mm (INEGI, 2013).