bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Potential of Phytoconstituents Modulating Na/K ATPase Pump; A Novel Repurposing Strategy
Authors: Jubie S. , Suresh Kumar M. , Saha Niladri
Published: November 2019

Na/K ATPase is a heteromeric protein complex located on the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells that uses ATP to regulate sodium and potassium transport. It is composed of three subunits, α-subunit, β-subunit and γ-subunit. The α-subunit has four isoforms (α1, α2, α3 and α4). Report says that the α1 sub unit is up regulated in certain cancer types such as renal cell carcinoma, glioma and melanoma. It is well evidenced that there is an elevation of activity observed in malignant cells. Drugs targeting Na/K ATPase induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Ouabain, a well-known cardenolide, inhibitor of Na/K ATPase, has also been reported for anticancer potential in neuroblastoma. As most of non-cancer drugs have little or tolerable side effects in human, repositioning of non-cancer drugs for anticancer therapy is an excellent strategy for future anticancer drug development. Based on these facts, the present study was aimed to identify novel inhibitors of Na/K ATPase pump, assuming that the identified inhibitors would have anticancer potential through the inhibition of Na/K ATPase pump.
Drug Repurposing for Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Virtual Screening Integrated with Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Gouri Nair , Hema Sree G. N. S. , Saraswathy Ganesan Rajalekshmi , Subeesh K. Viswam , Jayaraman Anbu
Published: November 2019

Intratumoral hetrogenecity is an emerging issue which holds back the major developments in clinical oncology, as it leads to cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Hepato Cellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant hepatic diseases worldwide. However; the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In majority of patients, chronic inflammation of liver and associated wound healing process is closely linked to the development of fibrosis which further leads to cirrhosis and HCC. Intratumoral heterogeneity in the morphological, histological and molecular level from chronic inflammatory liver disease to dysplastic lesions hampers the therapeutic progress. Studies stated that the cellularity, vascularity and gene expression of invasive border cells in the tumor microenvironment is distinctive from the central part of tumor. It is important to study different patterns of gene expression in central tumor as well as the invasive border region to evaluate the cancer progression and treatment options.
QSAR and Docking Studies on Triazole Benzene Sulfonamides with Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Gopinath P. , Kathiravan M. K.
Published: November 2019

According to WHO reports, Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Breast cancer accounted for 2.09 million cases in the year 2018. Carbonic anhydrases are involved in lowering tumor pH by converting carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid. It is known that transcription of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is activated by hypoxia and suppressed in normoxia. 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-(phenyl ureido) benzene sulfonamides as SLC-0111 is currently in clinical trials for CA-IX inhibition activity in hypoxic tumors. One of the rational and successful methods in drug design is Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), playing a key role in optimizing leads and thereby improving their biological activity. The aim of this work is to design better leads for carbonic anhydrase IX inhibition, a major hypoxic target for breast cancer.
A Novel Nano-enabled Nasal Phytoformulation – a Potential Brain Targeting Strategy for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Hajira Banu H. , Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee
Published: November 2019

A major challenge associated with the delivery of drug to the brain is the existence of proficient protective barrier – Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). BBB, a CNS microvasculature that not just protects the brain from foreign substances but also impedes the entry of potential therapeutic agents due to their hydrophilicity or peptide nature. Among the several strategies attempted to overcome this problem and achieve effective treatment for many neurological disorders, properly tailored nanoparticles have a greater potential. Additionally, the administration route also becomes a point of interest in order to attain higher drug delivery to the brain. Intranasal route is one such non-invasive method to bypass the BBB and attain therapeutic concentration in CNS. Moreover, the development of new technologies that would help in delivery of herbal drug to a target site is an interesting approach to consider. Thus, this study was designed with the aim of improving herbal drug delivery to brain via intranasally delivered nanocarriers.
Stability Enhancement and Formulation Development of l-Carnitine Fast Dissolving Pellets Through Pro-drug Approach
Authors: Jawahar N. , Jubie S.
Published: November 2019

l-Carnitine is an imperative compound in human digestion. It is considered as “restrictively fundamental” since few people, including newborn children, can’t combine the compound endogenously at satisfactory dimensions. Since l-Carnitine is exceptionally hygroscopic in nature, it is exceptionally hard to define it in pharmaceutical dose shapes with ideal security and bioavailability. Oral drug administration has been a standout amongst the most advantageous and generally acknowledged courses of conveyance for most remedial operators. The most ordinarily utilized pharmaceutical strong measurement frames today incorporate granules, pellets, tablets and cases, out of which tablets being the most mainstream dose structure, representing 70% of all moral pharmaceutical arrangements delivered. Due to the hygroscopic nature of l-Carnitine, it is difficult to stabilize the drug in various dosage forms. In order to increase the stability and to mask the hygroscopic nature, the current research work was aimed to synthesize l-Carnitine pro-drug and formulated as pellets. The carboxylic group of l-Carnitine has been converted into the corresponding hydrazine via esterification followed by hydrazinolysis approach.
Estimation of Salivary Glucose by Various Paper-based Colourimetric Methods
Authors: Sumedha S. K. , Sandhya K. V.
Published: November 2019

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting the blood glucose levels in both the young and old. The impaired glucose levels if not carefully monitored in the blood affects multiple systems in the body leading to further complications like loss of vision and limbs, failure of important organs like the kidney, pancreas etc., Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels of patients who pose higher risk of damage to the eyes, kidneys can facilitate early treatment. Most of the present methods used to monitor blood glucose levels are invasive techniques, which require a single drop of blood preferably from the fingertip that causes a lot of inconvenience and discomfort to diabetic patients who require blood glucose to be monitored 4–5 times a day. Since continuous glucose, monitoring is critical and to overcome the disadvantages posed by the current invasive techniques, the present study aims to develop non-invasive colorimetric detection of glucose using paper based medium in saliva.
In Silico Drug Design, Molecular Modelling, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Benzimidazoles
Authors: Sreerama R. , Kaushik C.
Published: November 2019

Benzimidazole and its scaffolds are considered as an important heterocyclic motif containing two annular nitrogen atoms of bicyclic compound fused with benzene to imidazole ring established and obtained in many synthetic and natural compounds. In recent years, a few marketed drugs containing 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles have shown extensive interest with anticancer (Bendamustine), antifungal (Benomyl), analgesic (Etonitazine), antihypertensive (Telmisartan) and antihistaminic (Norastemizole) activities etc. It also exhibits varied pharmaceutical applications resembling antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anthelminthic, antihypertensive, anti-HIVs, antiulcer, anti-convulsant, and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, most of the drugs have substitution at 2nd and 5th position at the benzimidazole core. Moreover; at these two positions, substitutions of the benzimidazole moiety were recognized as fundamental for potency of receptor binding and receptor activation.
An octahedral Cu2O@AgNCs substrate in liquid-microextraction coupled chemometric algorithms for SERS sensing of chromium(iii & vi) species
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Hassan Md. Mehedi , Wang Jingjing , Zareef Muhammad , Annavaram Viswadevarayalu , Chen Quansheng
Published: November 2019

The current study assembles liquid-microextraction, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and chemometrics algorithms in one platform for chromium speciation using octahedral Cu2O@Ag nanocomposites (Cu2O@AgNCs) as a SERS substrate.
An electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode for the determination of buserelin
Authors: Fallah Marjan , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Asghary Maryam , Mashkour Mehrdad
Published: November 2019

This study presents a rapid, simple, sensitive, and selective electrochemical sensor prepared using a carbon paste electrode for the electrochemical determination of buserelin—an anti-prostate cancer drug.
Covalent co-assembly between resilin-like polypeptide and peptide amphiphile into hydrogels with controlled nanostructure and improved mechanical properties
Authors: Okesola Babatunde O. , Lau Hang K. , Derkus Burak , Boccorh Delali K. , Wu Yuanhao , Wark Alastair W. , Kiick Kristi L. , Mata Alvaro
Published: November 2019

Covalent co-assembly holds great promise for the fabrication of hydrogels with controllable nanostructure, versatile chemical composition, and enhanced mechanical properties given its relative simplicity, high efficiency, and bond stability.
An enzyme-assisted self-delivery system of lonidamine–peptide conjugates for selectively killing cancer cells
Authors: Wu Can , Liu Jing , Tang Xuan , Zhai Ziran , Xu Keming , Zhong Wenying
Published: November 2019

A self-delivery system consisting of lonidamine and a self-assembling peptide was designed for the selective killing of phosphatase-overexpressing cancer cells.
Glutathione activation of an organometallic half-sandwich anticancer drug candidate by ligand attack
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ponte Fortuna , Borfecchia Elisa , Martini Andrea , Sanchez-Cano Carlos , Sicilia Emilia , Sadler Peter J.
Published: November 2019

Density functional theory calculations and X-ray absorption spectroscopic data suggest an unusual activation mechanism for this potent Os anticancer complex: catalytic attack by intracellular thiol glutathione on the azo bond of the chelated ligand.
3D nanoflower-like MoSe2 encapsulated with hierarchically anisotropic carbon architecture: a new and free-standing anode with ultra-high areal capacitance for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Song , Wan Caichao , Jiao Yue , Li Xianjun , Li Jian , Wu Yiqiang
Published: November 2019

An anisotropic carbon-supported MoSe2 nanoflowers is designed and acts as an ultra-high areal capacitance of free-standing anode. The energy density of assembled asymmetric supercapacitor is higher than or comparable to that of some Li-ion batteries.
Aldehyde-mediated bioconjugation via in situ generated ylides
Authors: Parmar Sangeeta , Pawar Sharad P. , Iyer Ramkumar , Kalia Dimpy
Published: November 2019

We report a technically simple approach for rapid, high-yielding and site-selective aldehyde-mediated bioconjugation for protein labelling and cellular applications.
Pre-patterning and post-oxidation-crosslinking of Fe(0) particles for a humidity-sensing actuator
Authors: Qiu Xiaxin , Liang Shumin , Huang Xinhua , Zhang Lidong
Published: November 2019

The combination of physical pre-patterning and chemical post-crosslinking strategies enables a humidity-sensing actuator with differential mechanical tensors for controlled interfacial sensitivity.
Late-stage difluoromethylation leading to a self-immobilizing fluorogenic probe for the visualization of enzyme activities in live cells
Authors: Jiang Jialing , Tan Qingwei , Zhao Shuxuan , Song Heng , Hu Liqiang , Xie Hexin
Published: November 2019

A novel p-quinone methide-based self-immobilizing and fluorogenic probe is reported for the visualization of β-galactosidase activities in live cells.
Radical alkylation of C(sp3)–H bonds with diacyl peroxides under catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Tian Hao , Xu Wentao , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: November 2019

Herein, we describe a protocol for alkylation reactions of C(sp3)–H bonds with diacyl peroxides by means of a process involving cross-coupling between an alkyl radical and an α-aminoalkyl radical.
Plasticity in designing PROTACs for selective and potent degradation of HDAC6
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Lv Wenxing , He Ming , Deng Haiteng , Li Haitao , Wu Wei , Rao Yu
Published: November 2019

HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) catalyses the deacetylation of non-histone substrates, and plays important roles in cell migration, protein degradation and other cellular processes.
Fused twin-acridine scaffolds as electron donors for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters: controllable TADF behavior by methyl substitution
Authors: Chai Danyang , Zou Yang , Xiang Yepeng , Zeng Xuan , Chen Zhanxiang , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2019

Fused twin-acridine scaffolds of TMQAC and MeTMQAC were designed as novel donors to construct new organic emitters. TMQAC-based emitters exhibited TADF features, high PLQYs and high electroluminescence performances.
Building coordination polymers using dipyridone ligands
Authors: Mohan Midhun , Maris Thierry , Duong Adam
Published: November 2019

Structural determination of the self-assemblies of 1H,1′H-[3,3′]bipyridinyl-6,6′-dione and its coordination chemistry with cobalt ions forming a novel coordination polymer.
Realizing high thermoelectric performance with comparable p- and n-type figure-of-merits in a graphene/h-BN superlattice monolayer
Authors: Zhou Zizhen , Fan Dengdong , Liu Huijun
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate that the superlattice monolayer consisting of light, earth-abundant, and environmentally friendly elements can be designed as perfect TE modules with comparable p- and n-type energy conversion efficiency.
Azo-triazolide bis-cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes via cyclization of 3-cyanodiarylformazanate ligands
Authors: Mu Ge , Wen Zhili , Wu Judy I-Chia , Teets Thomas S.
Published: November 2019

Sterically encumbered iridium-bound formazanate ligands undergo redox-neutral cyclization to form azo-triazolides, a new class of redox-active chelating ligand.
Rational design of two-dimensional nanomaterials for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jana Milan , Xu Rui , Cheng Xin-Bing , Yeon Jeong Seok , Park Jae Min , Huang Jia-Qi , Zhang Qiang , Park Ho Seok
Published: November 2019

2D materials, their features and possible approaches to mitigating the challenges in Li–S batteries are discussed.
Accelerated charge transfer in water-layered peptide assemblies
Authors: Tao Kai , Donnell Joseph O’ , Yuan Hui , Haq Ehtsham. U. , Guerin Sarah , Shimon Linda J. W. , Xue Bin , Silien Christophe , Cao Yi , Thompson Damien , Yang Rusen , Tofail Syed A. M. , Gazit Ehud
Published: November 2019

An aromatic dipeptide crystallizes into sandwich-like supramolecular semiconductors comprising alternating water and peptide layers, allowing doping and facilitating charge transfer.
Efficacy of proprietary Lactobacillus casei for anti-tuberculosis associated gastrointestinal adverse reactions in adult patients: a randomized, open-label, dose–response trial
Authors: Lin Song , Zhao Shanliang , Liu Jiahong , Zhang Jianwen , Zhang Chao , Hao Haibo , Sun Yuxia , Cai Jing , Yang Yang , Ma Yan , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jinyu , Ma Aiguo
Published: November 2019

Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs can induce a series of gastrointestinal adverse events, which can seriously affect patients’ quality of life and may lead to treatment failure.
Blueberries and cardiovascular disease prevention
Authors: Wood Eleanor , Hein Sabine , Heiss Christian , Williams Claire , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana
Published: November 2019

Concept of how blueberries mediate vascular effects via modulation of cellular function by circulating anthocyanin metabolites.
Aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of methyl oleate: a green solvent-only strategy for homogeneous catalyst recycling
Authors: Herrmann Norman , Bianga Jonas , Gaide Tom , Drewing Marisa , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: November 2019

An alternative strategy for the Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of technical-grade methyl oleate in aqueous-media has been developed.
Natural deep eutectic solvents as an efficient and reusable active system for the Nazarov cyclization
Authors: Nejrotti Stefano , Iannicelli Marta , Jamil Salwa Simona , Arnodo Davide , Blangetti Marco , Prandi Cristina
Published: November 2019

The Nazarov cyclization was successfully performed in acidic NaDESs with full recyclability and scalability.
Graphitic carbon nitride and polymers: a mutual combination for advanced properties
Authors: Cao Qian , Kumru Baris , Antonietti Markus , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J.
Published: November 2019

The present review highlights the combination of graphitic carbon nitride and polymers for materials with outstanding properties.
CdS structures prepared in AAO nanochannels via different synthesis methods under limited conditions
Authors: Yang Xiande , Yang Xudong , Wang Tinglan , Wang Boyou , Chen Qiao , Wang Yongqian , Liu Deliang
Published: November 2019

CdS is mainly prepared in nonlimited condition, inspired by the potential application of biomimetic nanochannels, we used AAO template as the limited condition to synthesize CdS structures via different synthesis methods for new application.
Revealing the mechanism of DNA passing through graphene and boron nitride nanopores
Authors: Tyagi Abhishek , Chu Kelvin , Hossain Md Delowar , Abidi Irfan Haider , Lin Weiyuan , Yan Yuwei , Zhang Kai , Luo Zhengtang
Published: November 2019

Nanopores on 2D materials have great potential for DNA sequencing, which is attributed to their high sequencing speed and reduced cost.
Enhanced eradication of bacterial biofilms with DNase I-loaded silver-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Tasia Winda , Lei Chang , Cao Yuxue , Ye Qingsong , He Yan , Xu Chun
Published: November 2019

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was loaded and delivered by silver-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-Ag) for biofilm treatments.
Eupulcherol A, a triterpenoid with a new carbon skeleton from Euphorbia pulcherrima, and its anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivity
Authors: Yu Chun-Xue , Wang Ru-Yue , Qi Feng-Ming , Su Pan-Jie , Yu Yi-Fan , Li Bing , Zhao Ye , Zhi De-Juan , Zhang Zhan-Xin , Fei Dong-Qing
Published: November 2019

Eupulcherol A (1), a novel triterpenoid with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, was isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima.
Synthesis of macrocyclic poly(ethylene oxide)s containing a protected thiol group: a strategy for decorating gold surfaces with ring polymers
Authors: Aboudzadeh M. Ali , Dolz Mikel , Monnier Xavier , González de San Román Estibaliz , Cangialosi Daniele , Grzelczak Marek , Barroso-Bujans Fabienne
Published: November 2019

Macrocyclic poly(ethylene oxide)s containing a protected thiol group are able to attach to gold substrates without thiol deprotection enabling surface modification.
Making the best of it: nitroxide-mediated polymerization of methacrylatesviathe copolymerization approach with functional styrenics
Authors: Schmidt Aaron C. , Turgut Hatice , Le Dao , Beloqui Ana , Delaittre Guillaume
Published: November 2019

The addition of 5 mol% of functional styrenics imparts control to the SG1-mediated polymerization of methacrylates and provides access to nanostructured functional methacrylic materials.
Aggregation-induced emission characteristics of o-carborane-functionalized fluorene and its heteroanalogs: the influence of heteroatoms on photoluminescence
Authors: Wu Xueyan , Guo Jixi , Lv Yan , Jia Dianzeng , Zhao Jianzhang , Shan Huici , Jin Xiaoping , Ma Yongdong
Published: November 2019

o-Carborane was used to alter the electronic states of π-conjugated organic aryls and was demonstrated as an effective electronic control unit to tune the photophysical properties, endowing the molecules with certain luminescence properties.
Transition-metal-free direct C-3 cyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ammonium thiocyanate as the “CN” source
Authors: Wang Jiayang , Sun Bin , Zhang Liang , Xu Tengwei , Xie Yuanyuan , Jin Can
Published: November 2019

A practical protocol for TBHP-mediated oxidative C–H cyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones utilizing ammonium thiocyanate as the cyanide source has been developed under metal free conditions.
Unraveling mechanisms of the uncoordinated nucleophiles: theoretical elucidations of the cleavage of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate mediated by zinc-complexes with apical nucleophiles
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhang Xue-Peng , Li Weikang , Jiang Jingxing , Xu Huiying , Ke Zhuofeng , Phillips David Lee , Zhao Cunyuan
Published: November 2019

A theoretical approach was used to investigate the hydrolytic cleavage mechanisms of the bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP−) catalyzed by Zn(ii)-complexes featuring uncoordinated nucleophiles.
Construction of a phosphate-rich polyacrylonitrile fiber surface microenvironment for efficient purification of crystal violet wastewater
Authors: Xu Gang , Jin Mengcan , Wang Fangjia , Kalkhajeh Yusef Kianpoor , Xiong Qizhong , Zhang Liangliang , Tao Minli , Gao Hongjian
Published: November 2019

A novel recyclable phosphate functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber shows excellent selectivity and adsorption capacity for crystal violet. It can be used to remove this dye in a flow process with high removal efficiency.
Selective carboxylation versus layer-by-layer unsheathing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: new insights from the reaction with boiling nitrating mixture
Authors: Kolanowska Anna , Wąsik Patrycja , Zięba Wojciech , Terzyk Artur Piotr , Boncel Sławomir
Published: November 2019

Treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a boiling nitrating mixture proceeds via two interrelated phenomena, i.e. periodic-like carboxylation and layer-by-layer desheathing, and overall, it can be controlled by kinetics of the process.
A one-pot synthesis of N2,6-diaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines and systematic evaluation of their ability to host ethanol in crystals
Authors: Junaid Ahmad , Tan Yee Seng , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: November 2019

One-pot synthesis and analysis of stable dihydrotriazine-EtOH clathrates.
Theoretical insights into nonprecious oxygen-evolution active sites in Ti–Ir-Based perovskite solid solution electrocatalysts
Authors: Shi Lei , Chen Hui , Liang Xiao , Liu Yipu , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: November 2019

A novel core/shell-type material model, where an iridium-free STO core is covered with a single-layered-thick STIO shell, is overall suggested to achieve highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalysts with an ultralow iridium content.
Suppression of thermal conductivity without impeding electron mobility in n-type XNiSn half-Heusler thermoelectrics
Authors: Barczak S. A. , Quinn R. J. , Halpin J. E. , Domosud K. , Smith R. I. , Baker A. R. , Don E. , Forbes I. , Refson K. , MacLaren D. A. , Bos J. W. G.
Published: November 2019

Addition of Cu to XNiSn half-Heuslers improves homogeneity and reduces thermal conductivity without affecting electron mobility.
Processes exacerbating apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Afonso Marta B. , Castro Rui E. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P.
Published: November 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health concern, owing to its high prevalence, progressive nature and lack of effective medical therapies. NAFLD is a complex and multifactorial disease involving the progressive and concerted action of factors that contribute to the development of liver inflammation and eventually fibrosis. Here, we summarize fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), how they are interrelated and possible translation to clinical applications. We focus on processes triggering and exacerbating apoptotic signalling in the liver of NAFLD patients and their metabolic and pathological implications. Indeed, liver injury and inflammation are cardinal histopathological features of NASH, a duo in which derailment of apoptosis is of paramount importance. In turn, the liver houses a very high number of mitochondria, crucial metabolic unifiers of both extrinsic and intrinsic signals that converge in apoptosis activation. The role of lifestyle options is also dissected, highlighting the management of modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and harmful alcohol consumption, influencing apoptosis signalling in the liver and ultimately NAFLD progression. Integrating NAFLD-associated pathologic mechanisms in the cell death context could provide clues for a more profound understating of the disease and pave the way for novel rational therapies.
Towards efficient real‐time deviation settlement mechanism for the Indian grid
Authors: Gupta Akhil Kumar , Kiran Deep , Abhyankar Abhijit R.
Published: November 2019

In the present Indian scenario, the real‐time deviations are settled based on a deviation charge linked to average block frequency. This charge remains uniform across the country irrespective of the occurrence of congestion. Thus, it does not include the locational effect, which may devoid better investment signals and efficient system operation. Therefore, this study proposes an efficient real‐time deviation settlement mechanism for the Indian grid, which incorporates the locational signal in the deviation charges. The proposed method introduces a new network adjustment charge (NAC) for each state, which is determined a priori using the nodal prices obtained from an optimal power flow model and using deviation elasticity of the states. This NAC will be added to the existing deviation charge, in each time block for the real‐time deviations of the entities and discourage them from deviating in the occurrence of congestion. This method will help in bringing convergence between the deviation charges and another parallel trading mechanism facilitated by power exchanges. The proposed methodology is implemented and validated on a practical data of southern regional grid of India.
Structure and modelling of four‐layer screen‐returned PCB Rogowski coil with very few turns for high‐bandwidth SiC current measurement
Authors: Ming Lei , Xin Zhen , Liu Wei , Chiang Loh Poh
Published: November 2019

Accurate measurement of current through a silicon carbide (SiC) device is especially challenging, because of its fast switching speed. Its accompanied current sensor must hence have a high‐bandwidth and a high‐noise immunity. It must also not interfere with operation of the device. Due to these, the printed‐circuit‐board (PCB) Rogowski current sensor is particularly suitable, but normally requires many layers. With only four layers, the existing Rogowski coils are not yet capable of shielding ambient voltage and magnetic noises simultaneously. Moreover, their computed and measured self‐inductances are usually very different with errors as high as 45% reported in the literature. To resolve these issues, an alternative four‐layer screen‐returned PCB coil has been presented. The described coil uses very few turns to preserve its high bandwidth at the expense of even tougher determination of its self‐inductance. An alternative piecewise modelling method has therefore been proposed for finding its self‐inductance, needed for designing its theoretical bandwidth. These, together with a non‐inverting integrator, permit current through an SiC device to be measured accurately, as demonstrated experimentally.
Switching frequency variation based on current ripple analysis of a 3‐L PMSM drive system considering neutral point balance
Authors: Zhao Xingchen , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Sihao , Gu Cong , Zhao Shuang , Deng Zhiquan
Published: November 2019

The output current ripple of the three‐level (3‐L) inverter is important to the performance of the 3‐L permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, but the neutral point (NP) balance for the 3‐L T‐type inverter is not considered in the analysis of current ripple up to this point. The NP balance algorithms change the current ripple distribution and it is necessary to develop novel methods for current ripple analysis. In this study, the sinusoidal pulse width modulation with zero‐order voltage injection and virtual space vector PWM (VSV‐PWM) are utilised to balance the NP potential of the 3‐L inverter in the PMSM drive system. The analytical methods of current ripple under these two modulation methods are proposed and the effects of these two NP balance methods on the output current ripple are investigated, respectively. Based on the analysis of current ripple, two variable switching frequency PWM (VSF‐PWM) methods considering the NP balance are proposed. The proposed VSF‐PWM methods can not only reduce the switching loss but also suppress the electro‐magnetic interference noise while keeping the NP potential balanced. Especially, the proposed variable switching frequency VSV‐PWM (VSF‐VSV‐PWM) can effectively alleviate the intrinsic problem of high switching loss of VSV‐PWM.
Modeling spectral lags in active galactic nucleus flares in the context of Lorentz invariance violation searches
Authors: Perennes C. , Sol H. , Bolmont J.
Published: November 2019

Context. High-energy photons emitted by flaring active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been used for many years to constrain modified dispersion relations in vacuum encountered in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. In such studies, done in the GeV–TeV range, energy-dependent delays (spectral lags) are searched for, usually neglecting any source-intrinsic time delay.

Aims. With the aim being to distinguish Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) effects from lags generated at the sources themselves, a detailed investigation into intrinsic spectral lags in flaring AGNs above 100 GeV is presented in the frame of synchrotron-self-Compton scenarios for their very-high-energy (VHE) emission.

Methods. A simple model of VHE flares in blazars is proposed, allowing to explore the influence of the main physical parameters describing the emitting zones on intrinsic delays.

Results. For typical conditions expected in TeV blazars, significant intrinsic lags are obtained, which can dominate over LIV effects, especially at low redshifts, and should therefore be carefully disentangled from any extrinsic lags. Moreover, two main regimes are identified with characteristic spectral lags, corresponding to long-lasting and fast particle acceleration.

Conclusions. Such intrinsic spectral lags should be detected with new-generation instruments at VHE such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array which begins operation in a few years. This will provide original constraints on AGN flare models and open a new era for LIV searches in the photon sector.
The volumetric star formation law in the Milky Way
Authors: Bacchini C. , Fraternali F. , Pezzulli G. , Marasco A. , Iorio G. , Nipoti C.
Published: November 2019

Several open questions on galaxy formation and evolution have their roots in the lack of a universal star formation law that could univocally link the gas properties, such as its density, to the star formation rate (SFR) density. In a recent paper we used a sample of nearby disc galaxies to infer the volumetric star formation (VSF) law, a tight correlation between the gas and the SFR volume densities derived under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for the gas disc. However, due to the dearth of information about the vertical distribution of the SFR in these galaxies, we could not find a unique slope for the VSF law, but two alternative values. In this paper, we use the scale height of the SFR density distribution in our Galaxy adopting classical Cepheids (age ≲200 Myr) as tracers of star formation. We show that this latter is fully compatible with the flaring scale height expected from gas in hydrostatic equilibrium. These scale heights allowed us to convert the observed surface densities of gas and SFR into the corresponding volume densities. Our results indicate that the VSF lawρSFR∝ραgaswithα ≈ 2 is valid in the Milky Way as well as in nearby disc galaxies.
Enquêtes sur la consommation, la perception et les utilisations de l’huile de palme rouge chez les ménagères et restauratrices de Yaoundé, Cameroun
Authors: Rébéna Agathe , Rafflegeau Sylvain , Kansci Germain , Nanda Doris , Genot Claude
Published: November 2019

L’huile de palme est aujourd’hui la matière grasse végétale alimentaire la plus consommée au monde. Au Cameroun, elle est largement utilisée sous sa forme d’huile rouge, c’est-à-dire non raffinée, constituant la première source alimentaire de vitamine A. Cependant, les changements dans la consommation alimentaire des ménages urbains camerounais nous ont amenés à nous interroger sur le rôle et la part de l’huile rouge dans la consommation actuelle en corps gras des ménages au Cameroun, et plus particulièrement à Yaoundé, capitale multiculturelle du fait de la diversité d’origine ethnique de sa population. Les présentes données rassemblent, sous forme de deux tableaux Excel stockés sur le Dataverse de l’UMR System au CIRAD, les résultats de deux enquêtes effectuées au premier semestre 2016 dans les différents quartiers de Yaoundé, sur la base d’un échantillonnage raisonné de 124 ménagères et de 29 restauratrices de Yaoundé. Ces enquêtes portent sur la consommation d’huiles alimentaires (types d’huile et quantités) et, concernant l’huile rouge, sur les pratiques d’approvisionnement (fournisseur, fréquence, prix et volume), la perception de la qualité, les dénominations, les utilisations et les propriétés culinaires recherchées afin de préparer les plats traditionnels camerounais. La diversité des caractéristiques socio-économiques des ménages et des restaurants, ainsi que la culture des personnes interrogées, sont également caractérisées. Sans prétendre être représentatifs, ces résultats d’enquêtes issus d’un échantillon conséquent présentent une photographie au plus près des pratiques des ménagères et des restauratrices de Yaoundé. Ces données seront utiles pour suivre l’évolution des consommations et pratiques d’utilisation des huiles alimentaires, en particulier de l’huile de palme au Cameroun. Il serait judicieux de comparer la situation du Cameroun avec celles d’autres pays africains traditionnellement consommateurs d’huile de palme rouge, afin de vérifier la tendance à la consommation accrue d’huile raffinée, tandis qu’émerge en parallèle, un intérêt croissant pour les plats traditionnels à base d’huile rouge et pour la qualité de cette huile.
Microfluidic-based point-of-care testing for disease diagnosis
Authors: Wen Ruixuan
Published: November 2019

The early detection of diseases is important to optimize clinical treatment. To meet the increasing requirement of rapid medical diagnosis, point-of-care testing (POCT) has drawn scientists’ great attention for its outstanding advantages including simple, efficient, inexpensive and instrument-independent. Recent advantages of microfluidic-based diagnosis have played an important role in the significant technological process of POCT, which can achieve rapid diagnosis and provide high precision testing results for correct clinical decision making. This review focuses on design strategies, detection targets and sensing mechanisms of recent microfluidic-based POCT for disease diagnosis. Further, we provide a perspective of the next generation of POCT devices and their future opportunities.
The development of bone marrow adipose tissue
Authors: Wang Jiejun
Published: November 2019

Adipose tissue, once viewed as a form of connective tissue and the storage of fat, has now been considered as an endocrine organ of energy homeostasis. Bone marrow is a vital organ in our body and takes up 4% of body mass. It is responsible for creating hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate to both osteoblasts and adipocytes. Studies show that the adipose tissue in the bone marrow has negative influence on bone development. And the differentiation of the adipocytes in bone marrow can be controlled by the regulation of PPARγ, which is a member of the nucleus receptor family. In another word, the absence of PPARγ in the bone marrow can be beneficial for bone development. Moreover, the osteogensis can also be regulated by Cbfβ which is negatively correlated with adipogensis. In all kinds of adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue is distinct from others. It is triggered in cold conditions and release heat energy. Overexpression of PRDM16 in myoblasts can induce brown adipose.
Rad51 stabilizes the ends of two adjacent DSBs in yeast
Authors: Chen Techang , Li Xiaoqi , Ma Ning , Shan Jingbo , Guo Peiyan , Zhou Sa , Ma Wenjian
Published: November 2019

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a major form of DNA damage, and its accurate repair is critical for maintaining genomic stability and preventing cancer. Repair of DSBs is mainly through two pathways, homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Compared with NHEJ, HDR has higher fidelity, so the study of interrelated factors in homologous recombination pathway is of particularly important. In this paper, we constructed an I-SceI model controlled by a galactose promoter that produces a DSB or two adjacent DSBs on a single chromosome. Rad50 and Rad51 genes are further deleted in these models. Sensitivity experiments show that Rad51 stabilizes the ends of two adjacent DSBs in yeast. Deletion of Rad51 gene causes the sequence between two adjacent DSBs to drop out directly to form a large gap. If this gap is larger, the efficiency of NHEJ will be greatly reduced, resulting in the deaths of the strain. Our research shows that Rad51 stabilizes the ends of two adjacent DSBs in yeast.
Ultrasound microbubble contrast agent – carried chemotherapeutic drug microbubbles
Authors: Song Junyang
Published: November 2019

With the continuous research and development of ultrasound microbubble contrast agent-carried chemotherapeutic drug microbubbles, ultrasound microbubble contrast agent not only facilitates the early detection and early diagnosis of tumors but also provides a new direction and development prospect for the drug delivery route. With a broad development prospect, it is expected to become a new safe, effective and non-invasive treatment. This paper reviews the biological effects and research progress of contrast-enhanced microbubble-loaded chemotherapy drugs in tumor therapy.
Separation and Probiotic Effect of Fructose with Different Polymerization Degrees in Inulin
Authors: Ruan Mengcheng , Wu Tingting , Cheng Mengjun , Yu Jiale , Wang Hualin , Liu Zhiguo
Published: November 2019

Inulin is a natural fructose polymer that can be used as a fat substitute in foods such as dairy products and bakery products and is often added to food products due to its effect on the regulation of intestinal flora (also known as the prebiotic effect). However, there are few studies exploring whether there are functional differences between fructose species with different degrees of polymerization (DP). Therefore, we focused on the separation of fructose species with different DP and their different effects on the balance of intestinal flora. First, the fractional precipitation method was used to separate short-chain inulin (DP:2-9), medium-chain inulin (DP:10-23), and long-chain inulin (DP:23 and above). Then, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed into four groups and fed with a high-fat diet(HFD), a high-fat diet with added short-chain inulin(SCI), a high-fat diet with added medium-chain inulin(MCI), or a high-fat diet with added long-chain inulin(LCI) for two weeks. Finally, RT-PCR was used to detect the relative abundance of specific bacteria after this feeding course. The results showed that the abundance of common probiotics increased, and some harmful bacteria reduced after SCI, MCI, and HCI treatment. As the short-chain inulin has the strongest effect on improving the balance of intestinal flora, it may be a promising treatment option for patients with obesity, fatty liver, diabetes or other gastrointestinal issues.
Research on adaptive trend surface filtering algorithm for multi-beam sounding data based on K-D tree
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Xiaokai , Zhang Shun
Published: November 2019

In the area with complex terrain changes, the traditional trend surface filtering has the problem that it is impossible to reasonably construct the terrain of the expression area. This paper proposes an adaptive trend surface filtering method based on K-D (K-Dimensional Tree) tree. Based on the K-D tree index, the algorithm divides the MBES (the multi-beam echo sounding system) data into several sub-blocks, and then analyzes each sub-block using trend surface filtering algorithm to more accurately reflect the real terrain. The experimental results show that the algorithm execution time in this case is about twice that of the traditional trend surface filtering in the case of millions of data volumes, and the execution efficiency is within a reasonable range. Compared with the traditional trend surface filtering algorithm, the algorithm has a higher fitting degree with the seabed terrain, and the depth difference distribution between the topographic point and the fitting plane is more concentrated. In addition, the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the outlier noise and the near-field noise in the case of ensuring the authenticity of the terrain, so it provides a useful reference for the denoising processing of MBES.
Sea Surface Temperature variations over Kuroshio in the East China Sea
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Chen Aibo , Yu Huaming
Published: November 2019

Using daily OISST. V2 data with a spatial resolution of 0.25 ° x 0.25 ° from NOAA, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations over Kuroshio in the East China Sea during the past twenty-five years (1993-2017) are studied. The results show that the distribution of SST decreases from south to northwest and northeast, and the spatial gradient is large in winter and spring while weak in summer and autumn. Besides, Kuroshio warm tongue has the feature of “strong in spring while weak in summer”. Moreover, interannual variability of SST over Kuroshio synchronous warming/cooling dominated, followed by the northwest-southeast phase changing, and it shows a close connection with ENSO. The spectrum analysis shows that interannual variability of SST has significant semi-annual and 28 months period of oscillation. In addition, there are significant 8 months-lag correlations between averaged SST anomaly of Kuroshio in the East China Sea and ENSO index.
Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation of the X-Ray Field Flaw Inspection Workplace in a Factory Building
Authors: Li Qing , Xie Wei , You Hong , Qiu Xiaohua , Guo Quan , Zhao Lingxi , Zhang Jing , Liu Wei
Published: November 2019

The surrounding radiation environment of the field flaw detection workplace has been theoretically calculated and monitored on site when an industrial X-ray flaw detector in a factory building is operated during the field flaw detection. The results show that when 5mA tube current and 250 kV tube voltage penetrate the steel tube at the thickness of 16mm twice, the calculated value of the air kerma rate at the inspection point is basically consistent with the measured value. Additionally, the boundary of the controlled area and the supervised area corresponded to the measured value along the main beam direction belongs to the wall in the east of the workshop. The calculated distances of the leaking beam corresponding to the boundary of the controlled area and the supervised area of the calculated value should be 19m and 58m, respectively. The minimum and maximum distances of the controlled area of the measured value are 13m and 17m, respectively; while the maximum and minimum distances of the supervised area of the measured value are 31m and 36m, respectively, both areas are within the workshop. Meanwhile, annual effective doses that might be accepted by professionals and the public have been estimated.
Application of FOS and CPP in intestinal health of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Zhao Feng , Xia Zhongsheng
Published: November 2019

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of oligosaccharide(FOS) and complex CPP preparation(CPP) in diets on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters for weaned piglets. 240 crossbred DLY( Duroc× Landrace× Yorkshire) 21-day-old weaning piglets, about 7.2 kg in initial body weight were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups, with 2 repeats for each group, 20 each repeat(half male and half female.). Group 1, as the control group, fed base diet(BD) , group 2 fed BD adding 0.10% aureomycin, group 3, 4, 5, 6, respectively, fed BD adding 0.05% CPP, 0.05% FOS, 0.20% FOS and 0.10% FOS + 0.05% of CPP. Feeding trial was conducted for 35 days.Results: (1) Intestinal pH: Compared with the control group, the pH values of jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon in the 3, 4, 5 and 6 groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the antibiotic group and the control group (P > 0.05).(2) Small intestinal villus morphology: Duodenal segment, villus length of 6 groups was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), villus height to recess depth ratio (V/C) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in villus length between groups in jejunal segment (P > 0.05). Groups five V/C was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group and the antibiotic group, the ileal segment in the six groups significantly increased V/C (P < 0.05).(3) Intestinal flora Adding FOS, CPP and their combination could reduce the number of E. coli and Salmonella in different intestinal segments, and increase the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. Among them, the effect of joint addition is the most obvious. Conclusion: Adding FOS and C PP to the diet of weaned piglets could effectively reduce the intestinal pH value of piglets, increase the length of intestinal villi and V/C, reduce the number of harmful bacteria and increase the number of beneficial bacteria. It is beneficial to maintain the balance of intestinal morphology and microflora and improve the intestinal health of piglets. Among them, the combination of 0.10% FOS and 0.05% CPP is the best, followed by 0.20% FOS.
Forest Fire Intensity Monitoring Using the Himawari Weather Satellite―Taking Liaoning Forest Fires as Examples
Authors: Wu Jinwen , Zhang Yushu , Sun Longyu , Ji Ruipeng , Yu Wenying , Feng Rui
Published: November 2019

Almost all forest fires in Liaoning were caused by the act of men. Between 15:00-19:00, which is when the frequencies of human activities and the occurrence of fire peak, Liaoning is out of the path of the polar-orbiting satellites, making these 4 hours the blind spot domain in fire-incidence monitoring. At the same time, the trend of fire accidents changed quickly under the influence of local meteorological conditions, leading to the demand for a higher temporal resolution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to utilize the Himawari satellite in the forest fire intensity monitoring so as to compensate for the drawbacks of the polar-orbiting satellites. By improving the forest fire identification model of the Himawari-8 satellite, a forest fire monitoring done every ten minutes was realized , thereby enhancing the effectiveness of fire monitoring and rescue within a given period of time.