bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of QTLS for NH4+ and NO3- use efficiency under water stress and non-stress conditions and expression analysis of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase in rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Upadhyay Rashmi
Published: March 2021

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most critical inputs and the current average nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the rice field is approximately 33%, poorest among cereals. Predominant form of N in aerobic soils is nitrate (NO3-) while ammonium (NH4+) exists in anaerobic soils. Development of cultivars with improved NH4+ or NO3- use efficiency by harnessing inherent significant variability for NUE can be an important approach. Considering these facts, the present study was established with one hundred twenty two and selected thirty two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of two indica genotypes, Danteshwari × Dagad deshi under three nitrogen forms and three environments. The trend analysis of NH4+-N and NO3--N dynamics revealed that NH4+-N concentration persisted more under anaerobic condition and NO3--N concentration under aerobic conditions. Three way-ANOVA showed high level of significance for variance components (G, N, E) and their interactions effects (GXN, GXE, NXE, EXNXG) for yield and NUE and their component traits. Mean performance of genotypes depicted higher values for agronomically important traits i.e. yield and NUE under NH4+ as compared to NO3--N and N0. The phenotypic and genotypic data was statistically analyzed for QTLs identification for yield and NUE traits. A total of 58 QTLs conferring the corresponding five traits were detected under three N forms and two environments. We also investigated the different members of AMT (Ammonium transporters), NRT (Nitrate transporters), GS (Glutamine Synthetase) and GOGAT (Glutamate Synthase) genes, involved in NUE and analyzed the expression pattern of each gene using gene-specific primer in young rice seedlings. Collectively, OsGln1;1, OsGln1;2, OsGln1;3, OsGln2, OsGlt1 and OsGlt2 manifested different and reciprocal responses to nitrate and ammonium supply. The activity of enzymes NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT was significantly affected by NH4+and NO3- treatment. These results assist us to identify NH4+ and NO3- responsive cultivars which could be used for cultivation and/or used as parent’s in future breeding program to produce better nitrogen use efficiency varieties under water stress and non-stress conditions.
Distribution of Some Selected Surface Active Agents (SAAs) in the Aquatic and Global Environment with Their Toxic Impact: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kurrey Ramsingh , Saha Anushree , Deb Manas Kanti
Published: March 2021

Surface active agents (SAAs) are a class of compounds, which find various applications in different fields of human activities. Surfactants are generally amphiphilic molecules, which are strongly adsorbed at interfaces between the phases. Surfactants windily used as detergency, emulsion, stabilizing and dispersing agents have led to the discharge of highly contaminated wastewaters in aquatic environment. Once reached in the various compartments of the environment such as rivers, lakes, soils, and sediments, surfactants can undergo aerobic or anaerobic degradation. Concentrations of surfactants in wastewaters, river waters, and sewage waters can range milligrams in maximum cases, while it reaches several grams in sludge, soil and sediments in environments. The environmental facts of SAAs and concentration in surface waters, soils or sediments are reviewed in details. This review provides information on levels of surface-active agents in various environmental samples including soil, sediments, sewage wastewater, river wastewater and aerosols.
Movilidad de ingresos y movimientos demográficos en América Latina
Authors: Trombetta Martín
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo contribuimos al estudio de la movilidad de ingresos de corto plazo en América Latina computando la importancia de los movimientos demográficos en las fluctuaciones del ingreso familiar. Explotando el esquema rotativo de las encuestas de hogares de siete países latinoamericanos, construimos paneles cortos que permiten cuantificar el tamaño y relevancia de los cambios de composición de los hogares en ventanas temporales anuales. Encontramos evidencia de un peso pequeño pero significativo de los movimientos demográficos como factor explicativo de la movilidad de ingresos en el corto plazo. Adicionalmente, exploramos la existencia de estrategias de los hogares para suavizar la evolución de su ingreso per cápita ante movimientos demográficos que se pueden interpretar como shocks exógenos
Technological diffusion dynamics in developed and developing economies: an analysis for the information and communication technologies (ICT)
Authors: Gewehr Adriano Cristian , Trez Janaina Ruffoni , Carvalho Alexsandro Marian
Published: March 2021

How are the diffusion process dynamics of ICT  in developed and developing countries? The research was based on Bass model (1969) and used the empirical consumption data for the G7 and BRICS. The main results were: i) the model adjusted the diffusion curves with low error rates [.2%-5.1%]; ii) no direct relationship between the speed and development level; iii) developed countries have reached the inflection point in the diffusion process before developing countries; iv) in some countries only approximately half of the population will get access to internet. In developing countries, the process to capture new adopters is slow, and while developed countries are reaching saturation, in most of the developing countries these technologies still have potential for diffusion.
La estructura financiera de las grandes Empresas manufactureras mexicanas en el contexto de la crisis financiera subprime, 2000-2015
Authors: Peujio Fozap Francis Magloire , Domínguez Blancas Christian Said
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se analizan las repercusiones de la crisis ﬁ nanciera subprime en la estructura ﬁ nanciera de las grandes empresas mexicanas del sector manufacturero en el período 2000-2015. Con base en el marco del planteamiento de la Hipótesis de la Inestabilidad Financiera de Minsky, se estudia la evolución de los estados ﬁnancieros y un indicador de fragilidad ﬁ nanciera en estas empresas. Los resultados muestran que la crisis acentúo la fragilidad ﬁnanciera de las grandes empresas manufactureras, la cual se gestó en los años previos como resultado de procesos de inversión en activos físicos e intangibles relativos a la expansión de sus mercados, y que se ﬁnanciaron mediante deuda de corto y largo plazo. La incidencia de los niveles de endeudamiento en su fragilidad ﬁnanciera se conﬁrma en la estimación econométrica de datos panel para la muestra de 14 grandes empresas manufactureras analizadas.
Retenciones con tipo de cambio flexible
Authors: Beker Víctor A.
Published: March 2021

Habitualmente, cuando se analiza el efecto que tiene la implantación de retenciones a las exportaciones se lo hace suponiendo implícitamente que existe un tipo de cambio fi jo. En esta nota se analiza el caso en que el tipo de cambio es fl exible. Se demuestra que la retención se traslada en mayor o menor medida al tipo de cambio. Solo en los casos extremos en que la demanda fuera infi nitamente elástica o que la oferta fuera perfectamente inelástica la retención recaerá totalmente sobre los oferentes.
Incentivos para la innovación: freeware, open source, y derechos de propiedad intelectual
Authors: Caravaggio Leonardo Andrés
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo se propone analizar desde el enfoque de la economía de la tecnología, el efecto que puede tener en la economía real la implementación de los programas “freeware” y “open source”. Este análisis cruza de forma transversal a la discusión por los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual. Queda claro que el desarrollo de software puede traer grandes ventajas a la economía, y que el mismo puede ser distribuido prácticamente con costo marginal igual a cero. Pero los desarrolladores merecen su justa retribución por el trabajo realizado. ¿Cómo enfrentar esta problemática en un mundo tan velozmente cambiante?
Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data
Authors: Reginato Vitor Gomes , Cuhna Marina Silva da , Vasconcelos Marcos Roberto
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in the South American countries, based on panel data, for the period 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding having a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising inflation also negatively affect private sector credit. In addition, as regards credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion, and, in turn, inflation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively.
O Comércio inexplorado entre Brasil e Ásia: uma abordagem através do modelo gravitacional
Authors: Bampi Sílvia Letícia , Zago de Azevedo André Filipe , Dos Reis Magnus
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo buscou estimar o comércio potencial do Brasil com o continente asiático no período de 2000 a 2014, utilizando uma amostra de 75 países. Para evitar problemas observados em estudos prévios, estimou-se a equação gravitacional por meio do estimador de Pseudo Máxima Verossimilhança de Poisson (PPML, na sigla inglesa), calculando-se o intervalo de confi ança dos coefi cientes com o método Delta. O modelo baseou-se em dados em painel com dois conjuntos de efeitos fi xos. Em termos absolutos, haveria um potencial de expansão do comércio brasileiro com os países asiáticos selecionados de US$ 5645 milhões, o equivalente a 7.6% do comércio médio anual observado no período 2000-2014.
COVID-19: Las múltiples vulnerabilidades del sector externo de América Latina y el Caribe frente a la crisis sanitaria
Authors: Michalczewsky Kathia
Published: March 2021

Esta nota de análisis pretende dar un panorama sobre los canales de transmisión del impacto económico de la crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del CO-VID-19 a los fl ujos comerciales de América Latina y el Caribe. Se examinan tres vías de contagio: la demanda, los términos de intercambio y la oferta, identifi cando los niveles de vulnerabilidad de la región en cada uno. Finalmente, se analizan las políticas comerciales que se han aplicado como respuesta a la crisis sanitaria tanto en los países de América Latina y el Caribe como en el resto del mundo, pero que podrían afectar a la región.
Las consecuencias económicas del coronavirus
Authors: Vasconcelos Marcos Roberto
Published: March 2021

Esta nota presenta reflexiones sobre los posibles impactos que la pandemia de coronavirus tendrá en la economía. La interrupción de las cadenas de producción, la caída de la producción y los ingresos son impactos inmediatos. Sin embargo, también se espera que los efectos a largo plazo sean signifi cativos y negativos parael crecimiento económico futuro.
Ensayo sobre el COVID-19 en el Perú: algunas reflexiones en medio de la pandemia.
Authors: López Lozano Rafael Baldomero
Published: March 2021

El presente ensayo busca compartir algunas reflexiones en torno a la pandemia de COVID-19 en el Perú. La idea central refiere a que tanto el Estado como la sociedad peruana hicieron lo que pudieron en la medida de sus posibilidades y, a pesar de las cerca de 70 000 muertes, es posible que se haya evitado la mayor catástrofehumanitaria de nuestra historia conocida. En primer lugar, si comparamos la epidemia de COVID-19 con otros eventos de nuestra historia. Por otro lado, hablando de las fortalezas y debilidades al momento de manejar la crisis. Y por último, una estimación de qué hubiera pasado de no haberse tomado ninguna medida.
Inflation and innovation value: How inflation affects innovation and the value strategy across firms
Authors: Rocha Leonardo Andrade , Cárdenas Leonardo Querido , Reis Felipe Alves , Araújo Silva Napiê Galvê , Soares de Almeida Carlos Alano
Published: March 2021

This research analyzes the effects of inflation on R&D investments and innovation-driven growth. For this, an innovation-driven growth model was built in which firms invest own resources and resources from financial institutions. Credit costs depend on the interest rate charged by these institutions. In an inflation-targetingregime, the monetary authority adjusts the nominal interest rate in order to converge current inflation to the established target. It adjusts the interest rate of financial institutions, changing the opportunity cost of investments. As a result, rising inflation promotes a reduction in R&D investments demand, reducing the rate of technological progress. In the empirical exercise of the model, the estimated coefficient of elasticity of R&D investments is negatively affected by inflation.
Deconvolution of Mono-Energetic and Multi-Lines Gamma-Ray Spectra Obtained with NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detectors Using Direct Matrix Inversion Method
Authors: Kumwenda Mwingereza
Published: March 2021

Performance of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector based on the gamma-ray spectroscopy system is not satisfactory in retaining its original peak (which is delta like function) of various gamma ray spectrum. The method of achieving precise peak for the various gamma ray was conducted by converting the observed pulse-height distribution of the NaI(Tl) detector to a true photon spectrum. This method is obtained experimentally with the help of an inverse matrix deconvolution method. The method is based on response matrix generated by the Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4 package of mono-energy gamma-ray photon ranging from 0.050 to 2.04 MeV in the interval of 10 keV. The comparison of the measured and simulated response function was also performed in order to authenticate the simulation response function. Good agreement was observed around the photo-peak region of the spectrum, but slight deviation was observed at low energy region especially below 0.2 MeV. The Compton backscattering and Compton continuum counts was significantly transferred into the corresponding photo-peak and consequently the peak to total(P/T) ratio was improved. The P/T ratio results obtained after application of the deconvolution method taken with three calibration sources with gamma-ray’s energies of 81 keV, 303 keV and 356 keV (for 133Ba), 662 keV (for 137Cs), 1173 keV and 1333keV (for 60Co), were improved from(to) 0.50(0.90), 0.40(0.83), 0.57(0.93), 0.31(0.92), 0.18(0.84) and 0.15(0.83), respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Multiplicative and Additive Noise Based Automated Regularizations in Non-Linear Diffusion Image Reconstruction
Authors: Christophe Chiza , Anthony Bua , Kapyela Goodluck , Abdalla Abdi
Published: March 2021

Multiplicative and additive noises are often introduced in image signals during the image acquisition process and result into degradation of image features. The work done by Perona and Malik in 1990 and its modified versions revolutionized the way through which noises or speckles are removed. The Perona-Malik model requires tuning of the regularization parameter to control and prevent staircase artifacts in restored images. The current manual tuning is a challenging and time consuming practice when a long queue of images is registered for processing. Attempt to automate the regularization parameter appeared in Perona-Malik model with self-adjusting shape-defining constant. Although both multiplicative and additive noise based automated regularizations were presented, the paper stayed silent on matters concerning the automation method that fits with speckle reduction. This paper therefore, presents a comparative analysis of additive and multiplicative noise based automated regularizations. Simulation results and paired samples T-tests reveal that the multiplicative noise based automation outperforms the additive noise based automation for small speckle variances. However, the two automation methods do not significantly differ when large speckle variances are assumed.
User-Centred Scalable Big Data Visualizer for Power Consumption Data in the Electrical Secondary Distribution Network
Authors: Lawi Lucina , Kalinga Ellen
Published: March 2021

Establishment of Smart Grids for electrical power has been practised worldwide for the purpose of bringing reliability, security, and efficient management of electrical power networks for enhancing quality service to the society. Apart from the potential aim, smart grid has been a challenge to developing countries, including Tanzania from cost and technology point of view. Due to the use of many smart equipment involved in smart grids like Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) equipped with smart meters and sensors, handling and managing big data has been a challenge. Among the challenges is the issue of visualizing the Big Data due to big volume generated with high velocity. This paper is developing a user-centered scalable big data visualizer for the electrical secondary distribution network by making use of design process model by Akanmu et al. (2017) and design activity framework by McKenna et al. (2014). The approach involves three phases: pre- development, development and post-development phase. The paper reviews several approaches in visualization and demonstrates effective big data visualization. The paper managed to visualize households’ units purchased against power consumed as well as balancing visualization of transformer phases.
Fermentability of Concentrated Sulfuric acid Hydrolyzates from Aspenwood and Pinewood
Authors: Janga Kando , Dyrset Nils , Øyaas Karin , Moe Størker
Published: March 2021

The fermentability of hydrolyzates derived from two-stage concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Trembling aspen (Populus tremula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were investigated. Three types of hydrolyzates were produced at mild, moderate and high decrystallization severity conditions. Portions of each of the original hydrolyzates were concentrated by vacuum evaporation to increase the sugar fraction to simulate industrial applications. Both sets of hydrolyzates were fermented anaerobically using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581. After 23 hours of fermentation, complete glucose consumption was observed for all the original hydrolyzates, with no signs of inhibition. The ethanol yields from these hydrolyzates ranged from 68% to 90% of theoretical value. Fermentation of concentrated aspen hydrolyzates produced at mild or moderate decrystallization severity showed a significant lag phase, associated with relatively high furfural content in the samples (approximately 2 g/L). No lag phase was apparent for aspen produced at high decrystallization severity or pine hydrolyzates. However, furfural had no adverse effect on the maximum ethanol yield. No inhibitory effect of HMF, acetic acid, formic acid or levulinic acid was detected in the concentrated hydrolyzates due to the relatively low concentrations of these compounds. The ethanol yields from concentrated hydrolyzates were above 97% of theoretical with exception of pine hydrolyzate produced at high severity which had a fairy good yield of 87%. The quantitative analysis of inhibitors and the fermentability investigation showed that both the original and concentrated hydrolyzates from the concentrated sulfuric acid process were readily fermentable, and furfural was singled out as the most important inhibitor in these hydrolyzates.
Pemanfaatn tandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis jacq) sebagai biopot ramah lingkungan
Authors: Sutrisno Eko , Thamrin Thamrin , Amin Bintal
Published: March 2021

The use of polybag in nursery had an impact on the environment due to the plastic bag waste. Beside carrying environmental pollution, the use of plastic polybag can damage plant root during planting time. This research aimed at making environmentally friendly biopot from the mix of palm oil fruit bunches and the second hand cardbox using organic adhesive. The experimental used completed random factorial design with three time repititions. The first factor was the PVAc (polyvinyl acetate), citrate acid + sucrose and tanin. The second factor was the mix composition of palm oil fruit bunches and second cardbox. The pulping process of empty palm oil fruit bunches produced yield by 90.95 % and second cardbox by 86,67 %. The test showed that biopot produced of value water content by 1,05-15,54 %, gramatur 0,22-0,41 g/cm2, water absorption 1,72 – 2,63%, expand of thickness 0,26 -  15,58 % and burst pressure by 5,33 – 36,67 Kg. Biopot is able to contribute of nitrogen nutrient by 0,440 – 1,080 %, phosphorus nutrient by 0,020 – 0,064 %, and calium nutrient by 0,008 – 0,056 %. The mix mechanism of nutrient in decomposition process. Fastest rate of it was 1 year 9 month and 9 days, while the longest was 2 years, 11 month and 5 days. The produce of biopot can mitigate polybag at 4.217 to to provide 1 billion seed.The treatment of material composition and adhesive types had significant influence on the biopot. From this research it can be concluded that the best formulation for biopot is the composition of 80 % oil palm empty fruit bunches and 20 % second cardbox with the use of tanin adhesive.
Analisis kepadatan bakteri coliform di Sungai Siak (sekitar perumahan sari residence Kota Pekanbaru)
Authors: Mubyarso Arief , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan , Siregar Sofyan Husein
Published: March 2021

Faecal coliforms are indicative bacteria of fecal contamination. If the bacteria are found in the waters so that the waters has been polluted and can not be used as a source of drinking  water.  The  research  has  been  conducted  from April  to  June  2014  at  Sari Residence Housing which located in Siak riverbanks by using survey method. Densitydata of water coliform bacteria the preliminary test and assertion test in the laboratory according to SNI 2897-2008. Data analysis is using ANOVA statistics and compared with the water quality standards according to the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 82 year 2001 on the Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution ControlClass I and Class II. The results showed that the density of coliform bacteria in the Siak River (around Sari Residence Housing Pekanbaru city) ranged between 11267-15650jml/ 100mL and pass the drinking water quality standards and require special handlingfor the use of water. Siak River water (around Sari Residence Housing Pekanbaru city)not feasible for consumption according to PP 82 year 2001 class I and II on the drinkingwater requirements of 1000 jml/100mL and 5000 jml/100m
Persepsi dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pelestarian hutan mangrove di Kecamatan Bantan-Bengkalis
Authors: Parenri Novia , Sukendi Sukendi , Nurhidayah Tengku
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of community characteristics (age, education and income) and perceptions to the public participation in mangrove forest conservation, with research sites in two villages in the district of Bantan Bengkalis. Collecting data using a survey method with questionnaires and sampling was done by random sampling where the population 2494 people, which is used as the sample is taken as 97 respondents. The method of analysis used in this research is statistical descriptive and path analysis. And based on the results of statistical analysis has been done, obtained some results as follows: that of the community characteristics variable (age, education and income) only educational variables that have a significant direct effect on the public participation variable and also found that the perception variables have a significant directl effect on the public participation variable. Furthermore, the results also found that the public participation variables have a significant directl effect on the mangrove forest conservation variables.
Batas aman konsumsi ikan tongkol Pasar Dupa Pekanbaru ditinjau dari kandungan logam Pb dan Cu
Authors: Roza Fitria , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Hamidy Rasoel
Published: March 2021

Based on toxicology viewpoint, heavy metals can be divided into 2 types. The first type is essential heavy metals, which is in a certain amount is needed by living organisms, but in excessive amounts can cause toxic effects, such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Co and Mn. The second type is non-essential, which is in the organism body is still not known the benefit of this heavy metals even it can be become a toxic in our body, such as Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr.The purpose of this research is to 1) analyzing the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cu  on the tuna fish which is sold in the Dupa Market Pekanbaru, and 2)analyzing the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu on Tuna,whether it has exceeded or not the threshold of SNI 2009. The study has been conducted in June to July 2015 in Dupa Market Pekanbaru City. The method used in this study is a survey method. The result showed that heavy metals Pb and  Cu have the highest metal content are derived from Sibolga waters. The heavy metals content of  tuna in  Dupa Market of Pekanbaru were Pb of 1 – 3.98 ug/g and Cu of 0.22  - 0.93 ug/g,. The Safety limit consumption of tuna in Dupa Market Pekanbaru are Pb of 3.89 kg/week and Cu of 2456.76 kg/week. Based on this results showed the status for heavy metals of Pb and Cu on Tuna fish that sold at Dupa Market Pekanbaru is still safe and consumable.
Kajian potensi limbah tulang sirip Ikan Tuna (Thunnus Sp) sebagai sumber gelatin dan analisis karakteristiknya
Authors: Dahlia Dahlia , Karnila Rahman , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan
Published: March 2021

Gelatin is a protein from the hydrolysis of bone collagen and skin of animals wich are widely used for industrial food and non food. Studies on extraction of gelatin from tuna (Thunnus sp) bone were carried out by soaking in hydrochloric acid solutions of 4%, 6% and 8% for 48 hours respectivelly and extracted with aquadest at 60ºC, 70ºC and 80ºC for 5 hours. The extract was filtered with filtering cloth and the filtrate was oven dried at 55ºC for ± 48 hours until gelatin was formed. The result showed that soaking the bone in 8% hydrochloric acid solutions followed by extraction 80ºC for 5 hours gave the best result with 8,64 yield, isoelectrict point 8,20%, protein contain 93,72%, lipid contain 0,74-1,75%. Gel strengh 257,59 g/bloom gel strengh, viscosity 3,20 cPs, pH 3,98. The results obtained for water contain of 6,97%. Ash countain 2,07%. The colour of gelatin produced from tuna bone showered different with commercial gelatin that is between yellowish brown to whitish yellow. Gelatin made from tuna bone has fishy odor whereas commercial gelatin has neutral odor.
Strategi pengembangan kawasan ekowisata dengan menggunakan model Community based ecotourism (CBE) di desa Kuala Terusan Kabupaten Pelalawan
Authors: Jayanti Megawati Hari Dwi , Siregar Sofyan Husein , Efizon Deni
Published: March 2021

Community-based ecotourism is one of the efforts in rural development to improve the local economy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for community-based ecotourism development (CBE) in terms of ecological aspects (flora and fauna characteristics, Carrying capacity and waste management) and socio-economic aspects of culture and local community wisdom and formulate CBE development strategies. The study was conducted in April to July 2019 in the area of natural attractions in the village of Kuala Terusan Pelalawan Regency. The method in this study uses a survey method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study are that the flora found in Kuala Terusan is a type of peat forest and freshwater swamp forest so that there are no special flora that are characteristic of the Kuala Terusan Village area, fauna types in Kuala Terusan are reptile animals, mammals, birds and fish species that exist in the Kampar River. Based on the calculation of physical carrying capacity (Physical Carrying Capacity / PCC) PCC values obtained for swimming / snorkeling activities can accommodate 40 people / day. Activities carried out by Kuala Terusan tourist visitors are accompanied by beach tours and family picnics. The family picnic and beach tourism site has a utilization area of 3,000 m2. Carrying capacity that can accommodate tourists for beach tourism activities is 240 people / day. Facilities still need improvements such as in the processing of waste that has not been going well. CBE development strategies that can be carried out include planning CBE development programs, increasing stakeholder knowledge and awareness, formulating the concept of ecotourism with the government and involving community groups, developing food (local snacks typical of the Kuala Terusan region), improving the economy of local communities, utilizing the important issues of natural forest and the sustainability of nature, utilizing and enforcing existing regulations to support the community-based ecotourism development program at Kuala Terusan Village.
Pengelolaan kualitas air anak Sungai Kampar sekitar penambangan galian C (sirtu) di Desa Palung Raya Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Hasibuan Monalisa , Rifardi Rifardi , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: March 2021

There are many mining sites found around Kampar watershed, specifically in Tambang sub-district. These mining site are scattered in villages, such as Palung Raya village. This research is conducted to analyze the influence of mining to water quality, rate of land erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity, social condition and community economy and mining area management. Survey method and quantitative descriptive approach are chosen to collect data from represented population, which are water, soil and the community around mining site. Insitu parameters are temperature, pH, DHL, DO, and exsitu parameters are TDS, TTS, Fe, texture, soil permeability and plankton. Mining activities have yet to influence water quality, but there’s a fluctuation in physical and chemical parameters, and the average of measurement is under the quality standard of PP Number 82 Year 2001, analog with plankton biology parameter, moderate diversity, no show of dominant type and balanced uniformity. The rate of erosion on slope of 0-8 % is 16,1 ton/ha/year with TBES, and on slope of 8-15% is 72,7 ton/ha/year with TBESB. The value of TDS and TSS for assimilation capacity is over the pollutant load from pollutant source. Mining activity has yet to influence the social economy condition of the community around mining sites. It’s because of the owner and employees are from the outside of the community. Water quality management of Kampar tributary is conducted based on the analysis of influence from mining to water quality, rate of erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity and social and economy condition around the mining sites.
Strategi pengelolaan kawasan Pantai Panjang sebagai wisata bahari di kota Bengkulu
Authors: Febriyanti Febriyanti , Mubarak Mubarak , Hendrik Hendrik
Published: March 2021

The coastal area of Bengkulu City's Long Beach currently has natural, cultural and historical tourism and forest tourism. However, tourism in Bengkulu City's Long Beach is still not optimal in its management. In addition to increasing the diversity of tourism in the Long Beach area of the city of Bengkulu, alternative tourism is needed, namely marine tourism in the city of Bengkulu. To support the management of Bengkulu City Long Beach tourism area as a marine tourism area, it is necessary to manage and develop Bengkulu City Long Beach area in accordance with the conditions and pay attention to the potential of natural resources around the area.This study aims to examine and analyze how the strategy of managing the Long Beach area of Bengkulu city becomes an integrated and sustainable marine tourism area.
Pengelolaan usaha tani bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Rachmah Fika Yulia , Sukendi Sukendi , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan
Published: March 2021

Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant whose leaves are usually consumed as vegetables. The purpose of this study is to analyze spinach (A. tricolor L.) farming in an ecological, economic and social perspective and formulate sustainable spinach (A. tricolor L.) farming strategies in Pekanbaru City. The research was conducted in the city of Pekanbaru in May-July 2020. This research was conducted using the survey method to the field to obtain relevant information about the implementation of spinach farming in Pekanbaru City. The results of this study are the area of land for planting spinach in Tampan District covering 3 hectares and in Marpoyan Damai District 3.5 hectares. The type of soil used in Marpoyan Damai and Tampan Districts is humus soil. Soil pH in Marpoyan Damai and Tampan Districts ranges between 5.5-6. The average rainfall in Pekanbaru City is 170.7 with an average length of rainy days 14 days per month and humidity in Pekanbaru City is 70-85%. Overall, in terms of ecology, it is suitable for good habitat for growing spinach. Costs incurred in Marpoyan Damai District are Rp 11,670,000 per hectare while in Tampan District Rp 8,260,000 per hectare. The revenue of spinach farming group in Marpoyan Damai District is Rp. 22,800,000 and in Tampan District is Rp. 17,100,000. The income of spinach farmers in Marpoyan Damai District is Rp11,130,000 and in Tampan District Rp8,840,000. B / C ratio in Marpoyan Damai District is 1.95 and in Tampan District is 2.07. In Marpoyan Damai Subdistrict, spinach farming is carried out by the Farmer Group, namely by Mr. Mudhofir who is 39 years old with high school education. Conflicts between farmers that have occurred are land problems and have been resolved as a family. In Tampan District, spinach farming is carried out by the Baskara Jati Farmer Group, namely by 51-year-old Mr. Topan with junior high school education. Conflicts between farmers that have occurred are differences in understanding and have been resolved as a family. The management of spinach farming in Pekanbaru City has been going well, and there is already an efficiency in planting and it is said to be profitable. Based on this analysis, spinach farming in Pekanbaru City is profitable and feasible to be developed.
The outcome of the sofosbuvir Based Therapy in the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in Egyptian patients
Authors: Ismail Waleed , Hanafy Amr , Abdelsattar Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Background and aim
There have been significant advancements during the last few years with large numbers of ongoing trials with various direct-acting antivirals (DAA) showing high potency against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim was to show the effectiveness and side effects of Sofosbuvir based therapy in the treatment of HCV genotype 4 in Egyptian patients and compare its results with the international results.
Methods
The study included 740 patients with chronic HCV. The study population consisted of three groups: Group (1): included 240 patients who were treated with sofosbuvir 400 mg plus Peginterferon α2a and weight-based ribavirin for 12 weeks. Group (2): included 250 patients who were treated with sofosbuvir 400 mg and weight-based ribavirin for 24 weeks. Group (3): involved 250 patients who were treated with sofosbuvir 400 mg and simeprevir 150 mg once daily for 12weeks.
Results
Sustained virological response (SVR) occurred in 83.3% of the triple therapy group. In the dual therapy group, SVR occurred in 64% of patients. In the Simeprevir-Sofosbuvir group, SVR was achieved in 96% of patients with a statistically significant difference among the studied groups (p=0.015). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that treatment with simeprevir and sofosbuvir was associated with higher rates of SVR with an odds ratio of 12.5. Serum creatinine shows a negative correlation with an odds ratio of 3.1; MELD score showed a negative correlation with an odds ratio of 1.5.
Conclusion
Sofosbuvir-based therapy has satisfactory results for the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 with lesser complications
Policy Contradictions and Policy Dilemma: A Case of Intermediary Money Transfer Tax (IMTT) on Business Performance in the Engineering Sector in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyoni Josphat , Jaravaza Tendai Vanesssa , Mare Matthew , Dandira Martin , Kandjinga Elias
Published: March 2021

The use of tax policies to address macro-economic challenges has often led to serious other macro-economic challenges for developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate macro-economic policy dilemmas that affect developing countries when they implement tax policies to address macroeconomic challenges. The objective of the study was to examine how the 2% Intermediary Money Transfer Tax (MTT) introduced to raise financial resources to grow the economy affected performance of companies in the engineering sector. The study was guided by the pragmatism research philosophy, used explanatory research design and a mixed research approach. Data was collected from companies in the metal fabrication and machine/equipment sub-sectors of the engineering sector. A total of 68 companies were used. The paper shows that a tax policy adopted by Zimbabwe to raise revenues for supporting economic growth and addressing several economic challenges such as poverty, unemployment and negative economic growth generated other macro-economic challenges such as declining performance of companies in the Engineering sector. Results from the study showed that 2% IMTT had a negative an influence on business performance of companies in the engineering sector. The tax reduced profit margins, sales, and competitiveness. Conclusions from the study were that adoption of tax policies by governments, to achieve increased revenue and growth of the economy may, in the process, negatively affect some sectors of the economy. It was therefore recommended that the government analyse potential contradictions and dilemmas before implementing tax policies. Further studies of the influence of IMTT on other sectors like the small scale and informal sectors that are usually hit the hardest by government policies is recommended.
Japanese Amusement Arcades in the Retro Video Game Segment: A Case of Survival Strategy
Authors: Takei Hideki
Published: March 2021

Amusement arcades called Game-centers have tried to find ways of surviving in Japan. Independent game-centers with limited financial capacities have mostly struggled to find the best possible way to survive (Livedoor, 2015; Thutmosev, 2015; Nomu, 2016; SPEEDA, 2017; Chiba, 2018; Kamohara, 2019). For them, a niche strategy may be the best possible strategic direction to survive (Thutmosev, 2015; Sankei, 2016; Hirakawa, 2019; Kamohara2, 2019). This paper will focus on game-centers’ strategies in the retro video game niche to develop a general model of game-centers’ survival strategies. We will then refine the model through interviews with senior-level employees of Japan’s most successful retro game-center.
Use of the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale in a Juvenile Delinquent Population: A Convergent Validity Study
Authors: Coker David C.
Published: March 2021

The validity of the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale (SISE) in adolescents was not well established, and how self-esteem manifested in newly incarcerated juvenile delinquents was poorly described. Using a retrospective study with archival records, the SISE was compared to other measures of self-esteem, grit, mental health, and academic self-concept in a small juvenile detention center in the Midwest of the United States. Demographic data were analyzed, and a correlation, intraclass correlation, and kappa statistic were run to test relationships and reliability. The SISE was found to be a reliable and efficient tool to use with adolescents and juvenile delinquents. Policy recommendations applicable to juvenile delinquents and schools in general give direction using the findings.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Human Resources Control in Improving Employees’ Performance, During the Pandemic COVID 19, in Lebanon
Authors: Hankir Dana
Published: March 2021

With the global pandemic of COVID 19 taking place, business organizations had to make their employees work from home. Accordingly, human resources departments had to also apply their functions from home. One of the essential functions of HRM is controlling the performance of employees. When employees had to work from home, HR managers had to apply online control over their employees. The purpose of this research was to identify how HR managers applied online control on their employees and how does online control affect employees’ performance. To conduct the study, online control was assessed, and employees’ performance was measured through employee’s productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency. First of all, a theoretical background has been composed to clearly assess the relation between control and employees’ performance. Previous literature on organizational control provided the secondary data. To collect primary data, a quantitative research was applied on employees within organizations in Lebanon. Accordingly, a questionnaire assessing the application of online control and employee’s performance was designed and distributed online over 250 employees who worked from home. The responses of the respondents were entered into SPSS and analyzed accordingly. The study tested and approved the correlation between online control and each of employees’ productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, correlation between online control and employee’s productivity was strong, yet correlations between online control and each of employee’s effectiveness and efficiency were weak.
Colonial Under the Covers
Authors: Sheldon Jordyn
Published: March 2021

Developed by KAIROS, the Blanket Exercise is a celebrated educational tool that uses role-play in an attempt to convey Canadian history from an Indigenous perspective.The goals of the exercise speak to a movement towards truth and reconciliation in Canada, but a content analysis exposes that the exercise is limited in its capacities for supporting a movement towards decolonization. Unangax scholar Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang remind all scholars and educators that decolonization is not a metaphor. If a process is not specifically oriented toward the repatriation of Indigenous lands, it is not a decolonial process. However, as more settlers come to consider decolonization and mobilize it in pedagogical contexts, it has been employed loosely, liberally and without the necessary care. The incompleteness of the narrative and representations in the Blanket Exercise, exacerbated and facilitated by metaphor, reifies a distorted history of Canada. Rather than disrupt settler colonialism it reproduces it. The KAIROS Blanket Exercise cannot function as a decolonial educational tool as it strategically employs metaphors to disengage the material power of decolonization.
Missed Opportunities: Reflections and Regrets of a Brand-New Professor
Authors: Ruffin Jean Ferguson
Published: March 2021

Very little can prepare a new professor for the angst associated with planning a course full of polarizing content in an online learning environment. Each assignment, discussion board, and course reading is a learning opportunity that can either lead to enlightenment or evoke strong negative reactions that hinder student growth for the entire semester. The primary mode for dialogue in an online course is the discussion board but the discussion board presents unique challenges when the course content is potentially controversial. The professor is not always available to model effective communication and referee discussions that evoke strong, emotional reactions. Further complicating matters is the fear associated with creating a course that generates negative course evaluations—a major concern for a tenure-track professor. The motivation behind this article is to reflect on my first attempt at teaching a course designed to critique social justice issues in education. The article chronicles my planning process, my successes, my fears, and ultimately my own guilt at not pushing the envelope far enough to truly challenge my students to think critically about their own experiences with power and privilege.
Skull Base Primary Extracranial Meningioma with Hyperostosis in a Small Mixed-Breed Dog
Authors: Montel Joshua Samuel , Vinayak Arathi , Heo Jin , Ehrhart E. J.
Published: March 2021

A 7 yr old female spayed Chihuahua-terrier mix was presented for a progressive dry, hacking cough over 9 mo, with dyspnea aggravated by eating and drinking. Computed tomography of the skull revealed a large mineral attenuating mass associated with the left skull base, without intracranial involvement. A modified ventral paramedian hypophysectomy approach along the medial aspect of the left ramus was used to approach the base of the skull. Ninety percent of the mass was debulked via high-speed pneumatic burr. Histopathology was consistent with hyperostosis originating from a primary extracranial meningioma (ECM), with the tissue staining positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin. The patient was symptom free for 9 mo before clinical signs returned because of tumor recurrence and was euthanized 11 mo postoperation because of diminished quality of life. ECM is uncommonly reported in the dog, and to the authors’ knowledge has not previously been reported with hyperostosis or located along the skull base at the level of the tympanic bulla. Additionally, although hyperostosis predominantly occurs as diffuse bone thickening adjacent to a meningioma, proliferative focal hyperostosis is uncommon. Given the findings in this patient, ECM should be considered as a differential diagnosis for osseous skull base masses.
Long-Term Treatment Results for Ovarian Tumors with Malignant Effusion in Seven Dogs
Authors: Itoh Teruo , Kojimoto Atsuko , Uchida Kazuyuki , Chambers James , Shii Hiroki
Published: March 2021

Surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are highly efficacious for treating advanced ovarian cancers in humans, but their efficacy is less known in dogs. We evaluated the long-term treatment outcomes of seven dogs with malignant ovarian tumors with malignant abdominal effusion. Ovariohysterectomies (OVHs) were performed on all dogs; four had ovarian adenocarcinoma (AC) with gross dissemination in the peritoneum (two with pleural effusion), and three had a granulosa cell tumor (GCT) with no gross dissemination in the peritoneal cavity, although one showed pleural effusion. Effusion resolved after the OVH in all dogs. Six dogs (three ACs, three GCTs) received postoperative IV carboplatin therapy. Two dogs with GCT had no postoperative recurrence or metastasis, and one dog with GCT had recurrence 1811 days postoperatively. All dogs with AC developed recurrent effusion 171–584 days postoperatively, which resolved after intracavitary administration of cisplatin or carboplatin, with a subsequent disease-free interval of 155–368 days. Overall survival was longer for dogs with GCTs (822–1840 days) than for those with ACs (617–841 days). These results suggest that dogs with ovarian tumors with malignant effusion can survive relatively long after platinum-based chemotherapy in addition to OVH, with a more favorable prognosis for GCT than AC.
De-constructing small clauses: The case of Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Paul Waltraud
Published: March 2021

Taking up an early observation by Y.-H. Audrey Li (1985) stating the systematic lack of Chinese equivalents for English small clauses (SC) with nominal predicates (They elected John president), this article demonstrates that Chinese lacks SCs altogether. This holds independently of the approach adopted, be it the analysis of SCs as lexical projections with different category labels (cf. Stowell 1981, Matushansky 2019) or the uniform analysis of SCs as PredP (cf. Bowers 1993). In Chinese, there is no root vs non-root asymmetry for predicates: If a category X is not licit as an autonomous predicate in matrix sentences, then it is not licit as predicate elsewhere, i.e. in non-root clauses, either. Furthermore, Chinese has no exceptional case marking verbs, i.e. verbs selecting SC-complements. Claims to the contrary in the literature are based on Chinese translations of English SCs and involve completely different structures. Given the lack of SCs in non-root contexts in Chinese, an analysis postulating SCs for non-verbal predication in matrix sentences does not seem to be warranted.