bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of tumour heterogeneity in patients with advanced, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer on [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT: a pilot study
Authors: Pabst Kim M. , Mei Riccardo , Lückerath Katharina , Hadaschik Boris A. , Kesch Claudia , Rawitzer Josefine , Kessler Lukas , Bodensieck Luisa S. , Hamacher Rainer , Pomykala Kelsey L. , Fanti Stefano , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang P.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), some patients show low/absent PSMA expression in tumour lesions on positron emission tomography (PET) scans, indicating heterogeneity and heightened risk of non-response to PSMA-RLT (radioligand therapy). Imaging cancer-associated fibroblasts and glucose uptake may further characterise tumour heterogeneity in mCRPC patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate tumour heterogeneity and its potential implications for management in mCRPC patients assessed for PSMA-RLT using [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46, 2-[18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 PET.

Material and Methods

Patients with advanced, progressive mCRPC underwent clinical [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007, 2-[18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT to evaluate treatment with PSMA-directed RLT. Tumour detection/semiquantitative parameters were compared on a per-lesion/-region basis. Two phenotypes were defined: Criteria for the mixed phenotype were: (a) PSMA-negative findings for lymph node metastases ≥ 2.5 cm, any solid organ metastases ≥ 1.0 cm, or bone metastases with soft tissue component ≥ 1.0 cm, (b) low [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 uptake and/or (c) balanced tumour uptake of all radioligands. The PSMA-dominant phenotype was assigned if the criteria were not met.

Results

In ten patients, 472 lesions were detected on all imaging modalities (miTNM regions: M1b: 327 (69.3%), M1a: 95 (20.1%), N1: 26 (5.5%), M1c: 18 (3.8%), T: 5 (1.1%) and Tr: 1 (0.2%). [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 (n = 453 (96.0%)) demonstrates the highest detection rate, followed by [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 (n = 268 (56.8%))/2-[18F]FDG (n = 241 (51.1%)). Semiquantitative uptake was highest for [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 (mean SUVmax (interquartile range): 22.7 (22.5), vs. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 (7.7 (3.7)) and 2-[18F]FDG (6.8 (4.7)). Seven/three patients were retrospectively assigned to the PSMA-dominant/mixed phenotype. Median overall survival was significantly longer for patients who underwent [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT and were retrospectively assigned to the PSMA-dominant phenotype (19.7 vs. 9.3 months).

Conclusion

Through whole-body imaging, we identify considerable inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity of mCRPC and potential imaging phenotypes. Regarding uptake and tumour detection, [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 was superior to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and 2-[18F]FDG, while the latter two were comparable. Patients who underwent [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT based on clinical-decision making had a longer overall survival and could be assigned to the PSMA-dominant phenotype.

Graphical Abstract
Species-specific effects of light and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration among Symbiodiniaceae (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Röser Phongsathorn , Glaser Karin , Juchem Desiree , Parkinson John Everett , Voolstra Christian R. , Karsten Ulf
Published: August 2024

Coral reefs are exposed to various environmental stressors that cause bleaching events, whereby endosymbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) disassociate from coral hosts. Bleached corals are compromised and face mortality. The combination of high-light exposure and elevated seawater temperature often lead to coral bleaching. The physiological properties of the Symbiodiniaceae within the coral tissues contribute to the thermal tolerance of the holobiont (the host and all its symbionts). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of light and temperature stress on four Symbiodiniaceae species from three genera with respect to photosynthetic oxygen production and consumption. Under control conditions, the species displayed predominantly low-to-moderate light requirements for photosynthesis with increased photoinhibition at higher photon flux rates. After 30 days of heat acclimation at 32 °C, maximum photosynthetic activity declined in Effrenium voratum, doubled in Fugacium kawagutii, and remained unchanged in Breviolum psygmophilum. In subsequent acute heating assays, species-specific effects on maximum photosynthetic activity were observed. Photosynthesis in all species declined across a temperature gradient between 25 and 39 °C in the acute heating assays; full inhibition occurred at 37 °C in B. psygmophilum and E. voratum and at 39 °C in B. aenigmaticum and F. kawagutii. In contrast, respiration remained largely constant in all species across temperatures. Our data point to species-specific photophysiological traits that lead to different thermal tolerances among Symbiodiniaceae.
Regression of Chiari malformation type 2 following early postnatal meningomyelocele repair—a retrospective observation from an institutional series of patients
Authors: Frič Radek , Beyer Mona Kristiansen , Due-Tønnessen Bernt Johan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Spontaneous regression of Chiari malformation type 2 (CM2) is observed rarely, as CM2 is associated with meningomyelocele (MMC) that is surgically repaired either pre- or early postnatally. While the radiological regression of CM2 occurs frequently following prenatal repair of MMC, it has been reported in only a few studies after postnatal repair.

Methods

From the consecutive series of children with postnatally repaired MMC, we reviewed the clinical and radiological data regarding CM2, particularly its regression either spontaneously or following CSF diversion.

Results

Eighteen children underwent postnatal repair of MMC between February 2011 and April 2023. CM2 was present in 16 (89%), and hydrocephalus in 15 children (83%), requiring shunting in 14 of them. During the mean clinical observation time (from birth to April 2023) of 59 ± 51 months, three children with CM2 (19%) underwent 1–2 foramen magnum decompressions (FMD), five children (28%) 1–4 surgical untethering procedures and 13 children with shunted hydrocephalus (93%) 1–5 shunt revisions. Out of sixteen children with CM2, we observed regression of CM2 on MRI in only one case (6%) during the mean radiological follow-up (from birth to the last MRI taken) of 49 ± 51 months.

Conclusion

In our experience, spontaneous regression of CM2 in children with postnatally repaired MMC occurs quite rarely. Pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of CM2 in children with MMC remain unclear, but our observation supports the hypothesis of an association between the downward displacement of the hindbrain and the low intraspinal pressure secondary to CSF leakage in children born with MMC.
PRDM16-DT is a novel lncRNA that regulates astrocyte function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Schröder Sophie , Fuchs Ulrike , Gisa Verena , Pena Tonatiuh , Krüger Dennis M. , Hempel Nina , Burkhardt Susanne , Salinas Gabriela , Schütz Anna-Lena , Delalle Ivana , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre
Published: August 2024

Astrocytes provide crucial support for neurons, contributing to synaptogenesis, synaptic maintenance, and neurotransmitter recycling. Under pathological conditions, deregulation of astrocytes contributes to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While most research in this field has focused on protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as significant regulatory molecules. In this study, we identified the lncRNA PRDM16-DT as highly enriched in the human brain, where it is almost exclusively expressed in astrocytes. PRDM16-DT and its murine homolog, Prdm16os, are downregulated in the brains of AD patients and in AD models. In line with this, knockdown of PRDM16-DT and Prdm16os revealed its critical role in maintaining astrocyte homeostasis and supporting neuronal function by regulating genes essential for glutamate uptake, lactate release, and neuronal spine density through interactions with the RE1-Silencing Transcription factor (Rest) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Notably, CRISPR-mediated overexpression of Prdm16os mitigated functional deficits in astrocytes induced by stimuli linked to AD pathogenesis. These findings underscore the importance of PRDM16-DT in astrocyte function and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders characterized by astrocyte dysfunction.
Prognostic factors for tube feeding in type I SMA patients treated with disease-modifying therapies: a cohort study
Authors: Pane Marika , Stanca Giulia , Coratti Giorgia , D’ Amico Adele , Sansone Valeria Ada , Berti Beatrice , Fanelli Lavinia , Albamonte Emilio , Ausili Cefaro Carolina , Cerchiari Antonella , Catteruccia Michela , De Sanctis Roberto , Leone Daniela , Palermo Concetta , Buchignani Bianca , Onesimo Roberta , Kuczynska Eliza Maria , Tosi Michele , Pera Maria Carmela , Bravetti Chiara , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Bertini Enrico , Mercuri Eugenio
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the need for tube feeding in a cohort of treated infants with type I SMA and to identify predictive factors. All patients were classified at baseline, when treatment started, and at follow-up according to their functional level and the need for tube feeding. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the associations between the outcome at the last follow-up and SMA type, SMN2 copy number, and baseline nutritional status. ANOVA was performed to compare CHOP INTEND scores and age at treatment initiation with outcomes. The cohort includes 75 type I SMA infants treated between 0.1 and 5 years of age. At the last follow-up, 34 had no need for tube feeding, 9 had tube feeding but were also able to be fed by mouth, and 32 had tube feeding and were unable to be fed by mouth. Thirty of the 41 infants with tube feeding at follow-up already had feeding difficulties when treatment was started. The need for tube feeding at follow-up was associated with the level of feeding involvement at baseline and with CHOP INTEND scores [p < 0.001] but not with SMN2 copy number, SMA type 1 subtypes or age at treatment. The results of this study suggest that the need for tube feeding is not frequent in treated infants with type I SMA and, when occurring, can be predicted by the level of feeding involvement and low CHOP INTEND scores at baseline.

What is Known:• The advent of disease-modifying therapies is increasingly changing the approach to swallowing and nutritional management in type I SMA.• Clinical trials and real-world data using all three disease-modifying therapies report a rather wide variability of feeding outcome and need for tube feeding that is often related to different cohorts that makes comparison between studies very difficult.

What is New:• The real-world findings of this study, including all the children treated since treatments became available, confirmed that the need for tube feeding is not an invariable finding.• The level of feeding involvement at baseline appears to be a reliable prognostic indicator of bulbar outcome.• The results highlight the need for interventional studies with structured Speech and Language Therapist protocols that will help to better understand the extent to which bulbar function can be maintained or regained even in children requiring tube feeding.
Elective splenectomy for hematological diseases: a vanishing indication
Authors: Fernández-Ananin Sonia , Novelli Silvana , Cambeiro Cabré Lorena , Vila Riera Cecilia , Ballester Vàzquez Eulalia , Julià Verdaguer Elisabet , Targarona Eduardo M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Splenectomy has been used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of hematological diseases for many years. However, the emergence of new medical therapies has modified guidelines for many hematological diseases for which splenectomy was previously considered. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of a decrease in the hematological indications for splenectomy and the reasons and justifications for this change.

Material and methods

We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological disease between January 2010 and December 2023. Patients were classified into four groups: 1 autoimmune and hemolytic diseases (HAD), (2) lymphomas, (3) myeloproliferative diseases (MPN), and (4) other splenic diseases. We recorded the annual incidence of splenectomy and the ratio of new medical cases, demographic and clinical data and surgical outcomes.

Results

During the study period, 98 patients were referred for splenectomy. There was a significant progressive decrease in this surgical indication, particularly regarding HAD (p < 0.001). The indication for splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) declined to zero despite an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with this disorder (p < 0.001). The pattern of decrease in AHAI and Evans syndrome was similar to that in ITP. The group of splenectomies due to lymphoma persisted consistently during the study period, as did the indication for splenectomy in the context of lymphoma treatment. Splenectomy due to massive splenomegaly secondary to MPN was indicated only in one patient. Splenectomies due to other causes were similarly distributed over the years.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm a significant decrease in the indication for elective surgery for hematological diseases, mainly regarding autoimmune disease. The surgical community and surgical departments should be aware of this situation yet maintain the skills to adopt this technique both safely and efficiently.
Generalizability and treatment with sodium-glucose co-trasporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) among patients with type 2 diabetes: an assessment using an Italian primary care database
Authors: Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Rozza Davide , Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Fornari Carla , Zanzottera Ferrari Elena , Paris Claire , Eteve-Pitsaer Caroline , Gnesi Marco , Mele Silvia , D’Amelio Marco , Maurizi Anna Rita , Palladino Pasquale , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni , Mazzaglia Giampiero
Published: August 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the proportions of type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects meeting cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) criteria for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and estimate SGLT2i utilization, along with associated demographic and clinical characteristics, in a primary care setting.

Methods

T2D patients in Italy were selected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, from The Health Improvement Network (THIN®) database. Representativeness was determined by dividing patients meeting key inclusion criteria for four CVOTs (CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, VERTIS-CV) to the total T2D population. Demographic and clinical characteristics of eligible T2D subjects and SGLT2i users were compared, and logistic regression models assessed the likelihood of receiving SGLT2i.

Results

Out of 17,102 T2D patients, 8,828 met eligibility criteria for at least one CVOT. DECLARE-TIMI 58 exhibited the highest representativeness (51.1%), compared to CANVAS (21.1%), EMPA-REG OUTCOME (5.5%), and VERTIS-CV (4.9%) trials. Eligible CVOTs patients were older (74.6 vs. 68.3 years), with a longer disease duration (10.2 vs. 9.7 years), and higher established cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence (36.0 vs. 27.3%) compared to SGLT2i users. Less than 10% of eligible T2D patients received SGLT2i. Males (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.24–1.66) were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2i than other antidiabetic drugs, while the elderly (80 + vs. 40–64 years, OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.14–0.22) were less likely. Eligible T2D patients with CVD reported an increased likelihood of receiving SGLT2is compared to other antidiabetics.

Conclusion

This study highlights significant variability in the proportion of T2D subjects meeting SGLT2i CVOT inclusion criteria, with DECLARE-TIMI-58 being the most represented. Low SGLT2i prescription rates in the Italian primary care setting, along with substantial demographic and clinical differences between SGLT-2i users and T2D eligible patients, emphasize the need for targeted interventions to optimize the use of these medications in primary care settings.
Unravelling the threads: understanding the interplay of Cultural values, female workforce engagement, human development index and suicide rates
Authors: Vigna Elisa , Balkom Ingrid van , Bresnahan Michaeline , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Musa George , Ryan Megan , Skokauskas Norbert , Hoven Christina , Carli Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Suicide is a major public health problem across the world. Extensive research on the field shows that suicide is affected by several sociological, economic, and cultural risk factors. Over the last century, social changes have driven the reshaping of traditional gender roles, often in an uneven fashion, strongly depending on context. This study proposes updated findings on the impact that changes in traditional gender roles could have on suicide rates

Methods

It will do so by examining the correlation between female labor force participation (FLPR) and sex-specific suicide rates. Moreover, it will examine this association depending on human development (HDI) and Hofstede’s individualism index. To do so, data from 2010 to 2019 from 47 countries is collected from the WHO, ILOSTAT and UN agencies’ websites.

Results

Analysis show a significant interaction between FLPR, HDI and individualism index scores on male suicide rates (p = 0.002). There is a negative association between FLPR and male suicide rates in relatively lower HDI countries, while in very high HDI countries an increase in FLPR is correlated with an increase in male suicide rates. Similar trends but no significant interaction is observed for female suicide rates.

Conclusion

This study suggests that female participation is beneficial for male population as it reduces male suicide rates. However, this association appears to be context dependent. In countries where institutional adjustment is already established, and human development is very high, other factors might be of interest in examining the trends of suicide rates among men and women.
On an isotropic porous solid cylinder: the analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of the pressure
Authors: Asghari H. , Miller L. , Penta R. , Merodio J.
Published: August 2024

Within this work, we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of the material input parameters on the pressure in an isotropic porous solid cylinder. We provide a step-by-step guide to obtain the analytical solution for a porous isotropic elastic cylinder in terms of the pressure, stresses, and elastic displacement. We obtain the solution by performing a Laplace transform on the governing equations, which are those of Biot’s poroelasticity in cylindrical polar coordinates. We enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain the solution in the Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to the time domain. The sensitivity analysis is then carried out, considering only the derived pressure solution. This analysis finds that the time t, Biot’s modulus M, and Poisson’s ratio v have the highest influence on the pressure whereas the initial value of pressure P0 plays a very little role.
Urban scaling of air pollutants in Israel
Authors: Yatzkan Or , Omer Itzhak , Burg David
Published: August 2024

Cities have been shown to exhibit empirical scaling behavior where numerous variables of urban performance are allometric, like greenhouse gas emissions. Polluting emissions have negative environmental and health impacts. This paper will elucidate the empirical urban scaling of atmospheric emissions for the Israeli urban system. It has been shown that cities may be environmentally efficient with CO2 emissions that seem to be sub-linear, so large cities are more “green”. However, other reports suggest a super-linear relationship with respect to population size, so the large cities are less “green”. We report here for the first time the results of the nonlinear allometric power-law properties of multiple air pollutants, expanding the analysis to include electricity consumption and atmospheric emissions of CO2, NOx, SO2, CO, NMVOC, PM10, PM2.5, Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene together in one study in the case of Israel. They show the recurring mathematical patterns of cities similar to those reported elsewhere. Electricity usage is super-linear. Pollutant emissions of these greenhouse gases tend to exhibit significant super-linear dynamics (β > 1), though NMVOC and Benzene were linear. These results were conserved when regressing against the urban vehicle fleet size. This evidence supports the hypothesis that large cities may be less “green”. Indeed, different urban characteristics such as geography, local climate and weather conditions, population density, may also affect the pollution levels of cities. Taken together these results give evidence to the effect of urban agglomerations on the environment.
Effectiveness of a 5-week virtual reality versus traditional training on balance and flexibility in healthy adult females
Authors: Greco Gianpiero , Poli Luca , Gabriele Michele , Aidar Felipe J. , Fischetti Francesco , Patti Antonino , Cataldi Stefania
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 5-week virtual reality training protocol on static and dynamic balance and flexibility compared to a traditional training protocol in healthy adult females.

Methods

Twenty-one healthy female adults (age, 49.81 ± 2.99 years) were randomly assigned into three groups: Virtual Reality (VR; n = 7) that performed a 5-week exergame training protocol; Traditional Training (TR; n = 7) that performed a specific training protocol on balance, and lower limbs and abdominal strength; and waitlist control group (CG; n = 7) that continued their daily activities without any type of structured physical activity. Static balance was assessed by the ellipse area and statokinesigram parameters (Romberg test, in the open-eye (OE) and closed-eye (CE)), dynamic balance by the star excursion balance test on the right and left leg, and flexibility by the sit and reach test.

Results

After the intervention, VR and TR groups showed a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance and flexibility (all p < 0.001) compared to the CG. Compared to TR, the VR training protocol showed greater effect sizes and was more effective in percentage terms on all measured variables, particularly for Sit and Reach (82% vs. 35%), except the OE Area (42% vs. 49%).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that both a 5-week VR training protocol and a 5-week TR protocol may significantly improve static and dynamic balance and flexibility in healthy female adults. The VR training protocol showed a greater effect size compared to the TR training protocol, although it was not statistically significant. Future randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size and longer training protocols are needed to confirm this finding.
Firms’ digital transformation, competitive strategies, and innovation: Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Lu Ren , Peng Xiangcai , Reve Torger
Published: August 2024

The rapid evolution of digital technology has made it necessary to examine the digital transformation and firms’ innovation initiatives. However, prior studies have often oversimplified the relationship between ‘digital transformation’ and ‘innovation’ as linear. By integrating perspectives from search and recombination, attention-based views, and competitive strategy theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework, revealing that the relationship between digital transformation and innovation is nonlinear. We analyzed 21,509 observations from 2,565 Chinese listed companies spanning the period from 2009 to 2019 and found an inverted U-shaped relationship between digital transformation and innovation. We also discovered that differentiation strategies and cost leadership strategies have different moderating impacts on this inverted U-shape. This study provides valuable insights for businesses seeking to effectively navigate the complexities of digital transformation and innovation.
(En)countering State-led Sinicization: Critical Discursive Responses from Roman Catholics in China
Authors: Mok Chit Wai John
Published: August 2024

In 2015, President Xi Jinping proclaimed the principle of the Sinicization of religions. Since then, it has become the Communist Party's guiding thought in religious governance. However, so far little is known about how it is perceived by everyday religious practitioners, especially Christians. Based on textual analysis of speeches and writings by leaders of the Catholic Church in China, and 50 in-depth interviews with Catholic practitioners from the mainland and Hong Kong, this paper examines how Catholics (en)counter the public transcript created by the state. Church leaders at the national level publicly embrace Sinicization and appropriate the Church's teaching on inculturation, another transcript, as its justification. However, the everyday practitioners interviewed for this study refused to embrace this discourse. Instead, they adopted one of three discursive strategies: rejection, evasion and empathy. All fell short of endorsing the state's discourse. The findings suggest that the Church's transcript enables Catholic practitioners to critically (en)counter the state's transcript.
Formation of Very Low-metallicity Stars
Authors: Omukai Kazuyuki
Published: August 2024

I describe (i) our recent updates on first star formation, with particular emphasis on their binaries, (ii) formation of low-metallicity stars and the transition of their initial mass functions with metal enrichment, and finally (iii) formation of supermassive stars from slightly metal-enriched gas by the newly found super-competitive accretion channel.
A Critical Comment on Recent Reviews of Prism Adaptation Training: It’s Too Early to Close the Shop
Authors: Hildebrandt Helmut , Scheffels Jannik Florian , Eling Paul
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Recent reviews on prism adaptation training (PAT) for visuospatial neglect concluded that it is ineffective. In our view, this conclusion goes too far. In this contribution, we discuss the limitations present in these reviews: the inclusion of right-sided neglect patients; failure to differentiate between patients with and without parietal lesions; ignoring results of line bisection or other tests. We argue that another aspect may play a role in the effectiveness of PAT: the extension of the task-work space. We show that using a workspace of more than 10° toward the contralesional side seems to improve the effectiveness of PAT. PAT still offers an important approach to treating neglect patients, and future studies should consider the extension of the workspace.
Preface: Special Issue on Probing the Open Ocean With the Research Sailing Yacht Eugen Seibold for Climate Geochemistry
Authors: Schiebel Ralf , Aardema Hedy M. , Calleja Maria Ll. , Dragoneas Antonis , Heins Lena , Hrabe de Angelis Isabella , Pöhlker Christopher , Slagter Hans , Vonhof Hubert , Walter David , Arns Anthea I. , Adolphs Nils , Auderset Alexandra , Basic Sanja , Bieler Aaron , Brüwer Jan D. , Chaabane Sonia , Cheng Yafang , Chiliński Michal T. , Cybulski Jonathan D. , Disper Thomas , Duprey Nicolas , Eichele Gregor , Fiedler Björn , Fischer Alexa , Foreman Alan D. , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Galer Steve , Härri Jana , Jochum Klaus Peter , Jost Adrian , Jung Jonathan , Kleta Henry , Lammel Gerhard , Larink Otto , Leibold Patrick , Martínez‐García Alfredo , Moretti Simone , Müller Jann‐Gerrit , Nillius Björn , Pan Xihao , Raj Subha S. , Repschläger Janne , Rodrigues Elizandro , Ruff S. Emil , Schmitt Mareike , Schmitter Janine L. , Lara Andrew Sellers , Silva Péricles , Smart Sandi M. , Sörgel Matthias , Stoll Brigitte , Su Hang , Vogt Meike , Wald Tanja , Weber Bettina , Weber Jens , Weis Ulrike , Amann Rudolf , Arístegui Javier , Dittmar Thorsten , González Melchor , O’Dea Aaron , Pöschl Ulrich , Haug Gerald H.
Published: August 2024

The 72‐foot sailing yacht Eugen Seibold is a new research platform for contamination‐free sampling of the water column and atmosphere for biological, chemical, and physical properties, and the exchange processes between the two realms. Ultimate goal of the project is a better understanding of the modern and past ocean and climate. Operations started in 2019 in the Northeast Atlantic, and will focus on the Tropical Eastern Pacific from 2023 until 2025. Laboratories for air and seawater analyses are equipped with down‐sized and automated state‐of‐the‐art technology for a comprehensive description of the marine carbon system including CO2 concentration in the air and sea surface, pH, macro‐, and micro‐nutrient concentration (e.g., Fe, Cd), trace metals, and calcareous plankton. Air samples are obtained from ca. 13 m above sea surface and analyzed for particles (incl. black carbon and aerosols) and greenhouse gases. Plankton nets and seawater probes are deployed over the custom‐made A‐frame at the stern of the boat. Near Real‐Time Transfer of underway data via satellite connection allows dynamic expedition planning to maximize gain of information. Data and samples are analyzed in collaboration with the international expert research community. Quality controlled data are published for open access. The entire suite of data facilitates refined proxy calibration of paleoceanographic and paleoclimate archives at high temporal and spatial resolution in relation to seawater and atmospheric parameters.
Concurrent Observation of High‐Frequency EMIC Waves and Low‐Harmonic MS Waves Within a Magnetic Dip in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Xue Zuxiang , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Ouyang Zhihai , Deng Dan
Published: August 2024

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and fast magnetosonic (MS) waves were previously reported to be simultaneously generated by ring current protons (10s keV) within the magnetic dip. In this work, we present a distinct physical scenario of concurrent high‐frequency EMIC (HFEMIC) and MS waves within a magnetic dip where low‐energy (10s–100s eV) and hot (10s keV) protons facilitate the local growth of HFEMIC and MS waves, respectively. Moreover, the low‐energy protons exhibit remarkable perpendicular flux enhancements, which are well modulated by MS waves as evidenced by their significant correlation coefficient (∼0.78). Consequently, the concurrent two wave modes should arise from the complicated coupling between HFEMIC and MS waves, marking a departure from previous studies. Our observations demonstrate that the magnetic dip can provide favorable conditions for such intricate coupling processes, offering novel insights into its impact on magnetospheric dynamics.
Silicon carbide, the next-generation integrated platform for quantum technology
Authors: Ou Haiyan
Published: August 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) is emerging as a promising material platform for quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs). A quantum light source is one of the fundamental building blocks for QPICs. A high-performance quantum light source from SiC platform will facilitate SiC’s infiltration into QPICs.
Single-pulse ultrafast real-time simultaneous planar imaging of femtosecond laser-nanoparticle dynamics in flames
Authors: Mishra Yogeshwar Nath , Wang Peng , Bauer Florian J. , Gudipati Murthy S. , Wang Lihong V.
Published: August 2024

The creation of carbonaceous nanoparticles and their dynamics in hydrocarbon flames are still debated in environmental, combustion, and material sciences. In this study, we introduce single-pulse femtosecond laser sheet-compressed ultrafast photography (fsLS-CUP), an ultrafast imaging technique specifically designed to shed light on and capture ultrafast dynamics stemming from interactions between femtosecond lasers and nanoparticles in flames in a single-shot. fsLS-CUP enables the first-time real-time billion frames-per-second (Gfps) simultaneous two-dimensional (2D) imaging of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced heating (LIH) that are originated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot particles, respectively. Furthermore, fsLS-CUP provides the real-time spatiotemporal map of femtosecond laser-soot interaction as elastic light scattering (ELS) at an astonishing 250 Gfps. In contrast to existing single-shot ultrafast imaging approaches, which are limited to millions of frames per second only and require multiple laser pulses, our method employs only a single pulse and captures the entire dynamics of laser-induced signals at hundreds of Gfps. Using a single pulse does not change the optical properties of nanoparticles for a following pulse, thus allowing reliable spatiotemporal mapping. Moreover, we found that particle inception and growth are derived from precursors. In essence, as an imaging modality, fsLS-CUP offers ultrafast 2D diagnostics, contributing to the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle’s inception and broader applications across different fields, such as material science and biomedical engineering.
Temporal witnesses of non-classicality in a macroscopic biological system
Authors: Di Pietra Giuseppe , Vedral Vlatko , Marletto Chiara
Published: August 2024

Exciton transfer along a bio-polymer is essential for many biological processes, for instance, light harvesting in photosynthetic biosystems. Here we apply a new witness of non-classicality to this phenomenon, to conclude that, if an exciton can mediate the coherent quantum evolution of a photon, then the exciton is non-classical. We then propose a general qubit model for the quantum transfer of an exciton along a bio-polymer chain, also discussing the effects of environmental decoherence. The generality of our results makes them ideal candidates to design new tests of quantum features in complex bio-molecules.
‘The mirror of the soul?’ Inferring sadness in the eyes
Authors: Moosavi Jonas , Resch Annika , Sokolov Alexander N. , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Pavlova Marina A.
Published: August 2024

The eyes are widely regarded as the mirror of the soul, providing reliable nonverbal information about drives, feelings, and intentions of others. However, it is unclear how accurate emotion recognition is when only the eyes are visible and whether inferring of emotions is altered across healthy adulthood. To fill this gap, the present piece of research was directed at comparing the ability to infer basic emotions in two groups of typically developing females that differed in age. We set a focus on females seeking group homogeneity. In a face-to-face study, in a two-alternative forced choice paradigm (2AFC), participants had to indicate emotions for faces covered by masks. The outcome reveals that although the recognition pattern is similar in both groups, inferring sadness in the eyes substantially improves with age. Inference of sadness is not only more accurate and less variable in older participants, but also positively correlates with age from early through mid-adulthood. Moreover, reading sadness (and anger) is more challenging in the eyes of male posers. A possible impact of poser gender and cultural background, both in expressing and inferring sadness in the eyes, is highlighted.
Acute elevated dietary fat alone is not sufficient to decrease AgRP projections in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in mice
Authors: Yagoub Selma , Chesters Robert A. , Ott Jonathan , Zhu Jiajie , Cantacorps Lídia , Ritter Katrin , Lippert Rachel N.
Published: August 2024

Within the brain, the connections between neurons are constantly changing in response to environmental stimuli. A prime environmental regulator of neuronal activity is diet, and previous work has highlighted changes in hypothalamic connections in response to diets high in dietary fat and elevated sucrose. We sought to determine if the change in hypothalamic neuronal connections was driven primarily by an elevation in dietary fat alone. Analysis was performed in both male and female animals. We measured Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuropeptide and Synaptophysin markers in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) in response to an acute 48 h high fat diet challenge. Using two image analysis methods described in previous studies, an effect of a high fat diet on AgRP neuronal projections in the PVH of male or female mice was not identified. These results suggest that it may not be dietary fat alone that is responsible for the previously published alterations in hypothalamic connections. Future work should focus on deciphering the role of individual macronutrients on neuroanatomical and functional changes.
Synthesis of phosphorus, sulfur and silicon-containing flame retardant via thiol-ene click reaction and its use for durable finishing of cotton fabric
Authors: Szymańska Anna , Przybylak Marcin , Dutkiewicz Michał , Maciejewski Hieronim
Published: August 2024

The article presents a very simple method of synthesis and application of a halogen and formaldehyde free, P, S and Si-containing flame retardant for the durable finishing of cotton fabric. The compound was obtained as a result of the thiol-ene click reaction. The compound was designed to have two functional groups: an alkoxysilyl group for cross-linking and binding to the cotton fabric, and a phosphate group to provide flame retardant properties. The flame retardant was applied to cotton fabric using the sol–gel method. According to the pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) technique, the use of the obtained silane for cotton treatment can reduce heat release rate (HRR) to almost 75% compared to the raw fabric. FT-IR analyses and SEM images indicate that impregnated cotton samples were covered with a layer of silanes. The SEM–EDS analysis confirmed successful modification of cotton fabrics. After 10 cycles of washing it was found that the created coatings are resistant to washing and retain their flame retardant properties.
A highly luminescent lanthanide-functionalized covalent organic framework for rapid and specific detection of 7-methylguanine for DNA methylation assessment
Authors: Hu Tao , Hao Ji-Na , Li Yongsheng
Published: August 2024

A luminescent lanthanide-based COF probe (DPA/Eu@ETTA-DHTA) is designed for the first time for real-time identification of m7Gua, a biomarker of DNA methylation, achieving a high quenching response toward m7Gua with good selectivity and sensitivity.
Overcoming the limitations of atomic-scale simulations on semiconductor catalysis with changing Fermi level and surface treatment
Authors: Ji Seulgi , Jeon Dong Won , Choi Junghyun , Cho Haneol , Park Bo-In , Roh Ilpyo , Choi Hyungil , Kim Chansoo , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk , Li Danlei , Ko Hyunseok , Cho Sung Beom , Choi Heechae
Published: August 2024

A new groundbreaking method for efficient optimization of doping concentration and cocatalyst materials for Fermi level engineering of wide band gap semiconductors.
3D current collector based on cellulose-carbon nanotube nanocomposites for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Park Sejung , Song Young-Woong , Ryu Boeun , Son Hojin , Kim Min-Young , Kim Jaekook , Lim Jinsub , Yun Changhun
Published: August 2024

We developed an eco-friendly conductive ink in water by dispersing nanocomposites using natural cellulose and SWCNTs (C-CNTs). The 3D hybrid current collector with the randomly entangled C-CNTs improved the electrochemical performance in an ASSB.
Photo-nanozyme coupling catalyzes glucose oxidation for high-performance enzymatic biofuel cells
Authors: Hu Dandan , Su Qiwen , Gao Yan , Zhang Jian-Rong , Wang Linlin , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: August 2024

Glucose biofuel cells (GBFCs) are special energy conversion devices using naturally abundant glucose as fuel.
Advances in ionic liquid-based antimicrobial wound healing platforms
Authors: Abdollahi Mahin , Baharian Aysan , Mohamadhoseini Masoumeh , Hassanpour Mahnaz , Makvandi Pooyan , Habibizadeh Mina , Jafari Bahman , Nouri Roya , Mohamadnia Zahra , Nikfarjam Nasser
Published: August 2024

Wound infections, marked by the proliferation of microorganisms at surgical sites, necessitate the development of innovative wound dressings with potent bactericidal properties to curb microbial growth and prevent bacterial infiltration.
Green solution synthesis of Bi19S27I3 nanostructures – engineering their morphology through polyethylene glycol and their use in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi)
Authors: Mombrú-Frutos Maia , Viera Martina , Grosso Carolina , Chialanza Mauricio Rodriguez , Fornaro Laura , Barthaburu María Eugenia Pérez , Aguiar Ivana
Published: August 2024

This study utilizes a green synthesis approach for Bi19S27I3 nanostructures, controlling their morphology by using PEG and adjusting the reaction time, which were used in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi). Created in BioRender.com/i89s606.
Benzobisthiazole unit in 4,8-connection mode to build D–A polymer donors achieving high short-circuit current density for organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Chun , Zhang Yajing , Liu Heng , Zhong Cheng , Lu Xinhui , Zhan Xiaowei , Chen Xingguo
Published: August 2024

In this work, a series of D–A conjugated polymer donors (PBDT-BBTH, PBDT-BBTF and PBDT-BBTCl) was designed based on the benzobisthiazole (BBT) unit in the 4,8-connection mode with the benzodithiophene (BDT) unit linked by the thiophene π-bridge.
Low‐frequency oscillations in MMC‐MVDC systems with high PV penetration: Modelling, mechanism, and assessment
Authors: Wu Xiangyang , He Lili , Li Yang , Shuai Zhikang , Zhou Ke
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs) in MMC‐MVDC systems with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration, considering the whole operating conditions of the grid‐connected MMC, including both the inverter and rectifier modes. First, the multi‐port impedance models of converters and networks are developed, upon which a stability criterion is defined. The mechanism of LFOs is then identified using bus participation analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis. In addition, the stable zones of the dominant parameters are identified, taking into account the whole operating conditions of the grid‐connected MMC. Interestingly, a phase‐locked loop may induce LFOs in two low‐frequency ranges. Finally, the experimental results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Digitalisierung: Elektronisches Verhandeln – Science-Fiction oder realistische Zukunft?
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Wolf Antonia
Published: August 2024

Digitale Unterstützungssysteme zeigen ihre Vorteile besonders bei asynchronen Verhandlungen. Welche spezifischen Konfigurationen können dem menschlichen Entscheider im Krankenhauseinkauf gezielt behilflich sein?
KHVVG und KHZG: Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Krankenhauslogistik
Authors: Müller Lukas , Hintze Marcus , Kaczmarek Sylvia
Published: August 2024

Das Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) und das Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz (KHZG) sind zukunftsweisende Gesetze, um das Gesundheitssystem zu restrukturieren. Doch welche Einflüsse haben das KHVVG und das KHZG auf die logistischen Prozesse?
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Fiorentino Marco , Philippe Reginald , Palumbo Carmen A. , Prenna Stefania , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Rosa Silva De
Published: August 2024

Sepsis, the dysregulated immune response of the host to infections, leads to numerous complications, including multiple organ dysfunction with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) being a frequent complication associated with increased risk of mortality and the progression toward chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several mechanisms have been widely investigated in understanding the complex pathophysiology of SA-AKI, including hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, and direct cellular injury driven by pathogens or cell-derived products (pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns). Despite advancements in the management of septic patients, the prognosis of SA-AKI patients remains significantly poor and is associated with high in-hospital mortality and adverse long-term outcomes. Therefore, recent research has focused on the early identification of specific SA-AKI endotypes and subphenotypes through epigenetic analysis and the use of potential biomarkers, either alone or in combination with clinical data, to improve prognosis. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA modulation, is crucial in modulating gene expression in response to stress and renal injury in SA-AKI. At the same time, these modifications are dynamic and reversible processes that can alter gene expression in several pathways implicated in the context of SA-AKI, including inflammation, immune response, and tolerance status. In addition, specific epigenetic modifications may exacerbate renal damage by causing persistent inflammation or cellular metabolic reprogramming, leading to progression toward CKD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic characteristics that define SA-AKI, also exploring targeted therapies that can improve patient outcomes and limit the chronic progression of this syndrome.
Toward a renewable future: Attaining 100% renewable electricity generation through sustainable transition
Authors: Kumar Rohan , Asim Muhammad , Kanwal Ammara , Jawad Muhammad , Pervez Mohsin
Published: August 2024

Despite efforts made over the past two decades, Pakistan continues to face electricity crises. The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, which make up 60% of the country’s energy mix, has raised concerns about energy security and environmental degradation due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developing effective electricity generation scenarios has been challenging for policymakers and researchers, despite the steady increase in electricity demand. The LEAP software was used in this study to forecast the country’s power demand, and four supply-side scenarios were constructed and examined for the years 2018 through 2040. These scenarios include a baseline scenario, a renewable energy scenario, a more renewable energy scenario, and a near-zero emission scenario, focusing on electricity generation and carbon emissions. The study’s findings, projecting into 2040, indicate that the renewable energy scenarios are environmentally sustainable, with lower GHG emissions compared to the baseline scenario. According to the findings of this study, it is projected that around 615 TWh (terawatt-hours) of renewable energy and nuclear energy will be necessary by the year 2040. The anticipated contributions include 393 TWh from hydroelectric energy, 57 TWh from wind energy, 41 TWh from solar energy, and 62 TWh from other renewable sources. The surge in renewable energy is forecasted to bring near-zero CO2 emissions by 2040, a pivotal step toward a sustainable energy future. A projected energy generation of 615 TWh is expected, which adequately meets the country’s energy demand. Transition to renewable energy is critical for addressing Pakistan’s increasing electricity demands, emphasizing both energy security and environmental sustainability.