bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Zellenkonstruktion und Auswertung von monotonen Einfachscherversuchen mit Sand
Authors: Le Viet Hung , Glasenapp Ralf , Rackwitz Frank
Published: August 2022

Der Einfachscherversuch ist ein anspruchsvoller Laborversuch, der bereits in vielen Studien für die Untersuchung von statischem und zyklischem Bodenverhalten eingesetzt wurde. Trotz der vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten wird der Einfachscherversuch nicht verbreitet angewendet und es existieren weder eine Euronorm noch eine deutsche Norm für diese Art von Versuch. In diesem Beitrag werden die Anforderungen an ein Einfachschergerät definiert und die theoretischen Grundlagen zur Ermittlung des Spannungszustands dargestellt. Dazu werden die verschiedenen Gerätetypen für Einfachscherversuche vorgestellt und diskutiert. Um den Einfluss der Testrandbedingungen besser einschätzen zu können, werden monotone Versuche mit Sand an einem eigenen Gerät mit verschiedenen Zellenkonstruktionen durchgeführt. Für die Untersuchung der Probenverformung wird die PIV‐Methode eingesetzt. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse werden die verschiedenen Randbedingungen und deren Einflüsse aufgezeigt und diskutiert sowie Hinweise für die Anwendung und Interpretation von Einfachscherversuchen gegeben.
Sympatric Speciation in Mole Rats and Wild Barley and Their Genome Repeatome Evolution: A Commentary
Authors: Nevo Eviatar , Li Kexin
Published: August 2022

The theories of sympatric speciation (SS) and coding and noncoding (cd and ncd =repeatome)  genome function are still contentious. Studies on SS in our two new models, “Evolution Canyon” and “Evolution Plateau”, in Israel, divergent microclimatically and geologically‐edaphically, respectively, indicated that in ecologically divergent microsites SS is a common speciation model across life from bacteria to mammals. Genomically, the intergenic ncd repeatome was and is still regarded by many biologists as “selfish,” “junk,” and non‐functional. In contrast, it is considered by the encyclopedia of DNA elements discovery as biochemically functional and regulatory, and the transposable elements were considered earlier by Barbara McClintock as “controlling elements” of genes. Remarkably, it is found that repeated elements can statistically identify significantly, the five species of subterranean mole rats of Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies adapted to increasingly arid climatic trend southward in Israel. Moreover, it is first discovered in the SS studies in two distant taxa, subterranean mole rats and wild barley, and later also in spiny mice in Israel and subterranean zokors in China, that the noncoding repeatome is genomically mirroring the image of the protein‐coding genome in divergent ecologies. It is shown that this mirroring image is statistically significant both within and between the ecologically divergent taxa supporting the hypothesis that much of the repeatome might be regulatory and selected as the protein‐coding genome by the same ecological stresses.
Pharmacist care in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A narrative review
Authors: Rodis Jennifer L. , Irwin Adriane N. , Valentino Alexa S. , Erdmann Ashley M.
Published: August 2022

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are critical to providing care to underserved populations in the United States. Their focus on interprofessional care has also made FQHCs ideal locations to integrate pharmacists into care teams and advance pharmacy practice. However, despite long‐standing involvement by pharmacists, there have been limited attempts to synthesize this literature. We conducted a comprehensive search for published literature on the roles of pharmacists in FQHCs and narrowed our search to 54 manuscripts and abstracts for inclusion in this narrative review. We found that pharmacists in FQHCs are providing care that is interprofessional, multifaceted, and evolving rapidly in response to environmental changes. Pharmacists are routinely involved in the traditional management of chronic disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, behavioral health, and respiratory conditions. In addition, pharmacists have forged roles in preventive care, infectious disease, and pain management. Models include appointment‐based approaches; however, there was also heterogeneity in approaches consistent with the dynamic nature of the healthcare system in the United States with engagement in population health, transitions of care, and telehealth, as a few examples. Collaborative practice agreements were used to deliver care in some cases, although this was not commonplace, and reimbursement by third party payers was rarely addressed. Relationships with community pharmacies, often driven by the 340B Drug Pricing Program, were also noted. Recommendations for future research in this area include increasing the rigor of future research by standardizing pharmacy interventions and including comparator groups, a greater focus on financial sustainability, and further exploration of how state laws surrounding pharmacist provider status and scope of practice impact pharmacy service development.
The predictive validity of the family risk survey and child risk survey for identifying persistent firesetting risk
Authors: Dadswell Kara , Sambol Stjepan , Bruck Dorothy , Ball Michelle
Published: August 2022

Young firesetter behavior poses significant risks to individuals and communities. Intervention is important to mitigate youth firesetting, and treatment needs vary depending on underlying motives. Effective screening of persistent firesetter risk to inform intervention approach is critical to ensure appropriate matching of risk and needs. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the child risk survey (CRS) and family risk survey (FRS) for predicting persistent firesetting risk, and subsequent triaging of cases toward the appropriate treatment. A total of 61 families engaged with the Firelighting Consequences Awareness Program, Melbourne, Australia, completed the CRS and FRS preintervention, and reported their firesetting behavior 1‐year postintervention. The CRS was not effective for correctly predicting persistent and nonpersistent firesetters. The FRS was successful at predicting persistent firesetters 85% of the time, but had a high rate of false positives, overclassifying nonpersistent firesetters as high risk. Finally, the actual rate of firesetters that would be deemed suitable for each of the three recommended interventions based on the CRS and FRS scoring protocols was substantially different to the expected rates described in the accompanying manual. Implications for service provision are discussed.
Association of vision impairment with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among adults in the United States
Authors: Lee Othelia E.‐K. , Park Daejun , Park Junghyun
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relative strength of association between vision impairment (VI) and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among adults in the United States.

Method

The study sample consisted of 214,505 adults, aged 18 years and older. Researchers used data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in which respondents were asked whether they had any suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, in the past 12 months.

Results

Approximately, 4.4% of respondents reported experiencing VI, being blind, or having serious difficulty seeing. Compared to their sighted peers, a relatively high proportion of adults with VI had serious thoughts about suicide (9.0%), suicidal plans (3.0%), or suicidal attempts (1.6%) in the past year. The findings showed that individuals with VI may disproportionately experience suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, after controlling potentially confounding variables (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36; AOR = 1.27; AOR = 1.40, respectively).

Conclusion

With findings demonstrating such a strong association between VI and suicide, this study suggests the importance of screening for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among adults with VI, and the strong need for developing behavioral health services which keep this correlation in mind.
Expanding the reach of psychosocial services for youth: Untapped potential of mentor‐delivered single session interventions
Authors: Hart Mackenzie J. , Sung Jenna Y. , McQuillin Samuel D. , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: August 2022

At present, the mental healthcare system cannot meet the demand for services, and the need‐to‐access gap is widest among children and adolescents. Single session interventions (SSIs) are brief, intentional, and mechanism‐targeted programs that have shown promise in increasing the reach of effective, evidence‐based services; yet, a wide gap still remains due to structural barriers (e.g., lack of awareness, workforce shortages). The present paper posits the integration of SSIs and mentor‐delivered programs as a promising future step to further overcome the inaccessibility of youth mental health services. Capitalizing on the advantages of mentoring relationships (e.g., the associated interpersonal benefits and mentors' pre‐existence in most community settings) has the potential to complement and enhance the value of SSIs, and to expand the acceptability and reach of evidence‐based mental health services. In this paper, we discuss the anticipated benefits of mentor‐delivered SSIs, as well as cautionary considerations related to the proposed model. To conclude, we highlight the necessary implementation and research implications.
Nicotine exposure through breastfeeding affects brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and synaptic proteins levels in the brain of stressed adult female mice
Authors: Pereira Júnior Antonio Alves , de Amorim Gabriel Estevam Santos , Garcia Raphael Caio Tamborelli , Ribeiro Jéssyca Milene , Silva Alessandra Oliveira , Almeida Carolina Aparecida de Faria , Ceron Carla Speroni , Ruginsk Silvia Graciela , Antunes‐Rodrigues José , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Dias Marcos Vinícios Salles , Marcourakis Tania , Torres Larissa Helena
Published: August 2022

Nicotine has been used during pregnancy and lactation as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. However, it is unclear whether nicotine exposure during a critical development period negatively impacts stress responses in adulthood. This study investigated how nicotine, administered via breastfeeding, affects the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins levels, and anxiety‐like behavior in adult female mice subjected to stress. Female Swiss mice were exposed to saline or nicotine (8 mg/kg/day) through breastfeeding between their fourth and 17th postnatal days (P) via implanted osmotic mini pumps. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol was performed during their adulthood (P65) for 10 consecutive days, followed by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test 1 day after the protocol. Animals were euthanized and their blood, collected for plasma corticosterone measurements and their brain structures, dissected for BDNF and synaptic proteins analyses. We found no significant differences in corticosterone levels between groups (Saline/Non‐stress, Nicotine/Non‐stress, Saline/Stress, and Nicotine/Stress). The UCMS protocol hindered weight gain. Mice exposed to nicotine through breastfeeding with or without the UCMS protocol in adulthood showed higher grooming and head dipping frequency; decreased BDNF levels in cerebellum and striatum; increased postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), synapsin I, and synaptophysin levels in cerebellum; and decreased PSD‐95 and synapsin I levels in brainstem. Our results indicate that nicotine exposure through breastfeeding leads to long‐lasting behavioral effects and synaptic protein changes, most of which were independent of the UCMS protocol, even after a long nicotine‐free period, highlighting the importance of further studies on nicotine exposure during development.
Availability and experiences of differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery at HIV care facilities in rural Zimbabwe: a mixed‐method study
Authors: Christ Benedikt , van Dijk Janneke H. , Nyandoro Talent Y. , Reichmuth Martina L. , Kunzekwenyika Cordelia , Chammartin Frédérique , Egger Matthias , Wringe Alison , Ballif Marie ,   for the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA)
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Zimbabwe adopted differentiated HIV care policies in 2015 to promote client‐centred care and relieve strain on health facilities. We examined the availability, experiences and perceptions of differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery in rural Zimbabwe following the policy adoption.

Methods

We undertook a cross‐sectional mixed methods study in all the 26 facilities providing HIV care in a rural district in Zimbabwe. We collected quantitative data about ART delivery and visit durations from 31 healthcare providers and a purposive stratified sample of 378 clients obtaining ART either through routine care or differentiated ART delivery models. We performed 26 semi‐structured interviews among healthcare providers and seven focus group discussions (FGDs) among clients to elicit their perceptions and experiences of ART delivery. Data were collected in 2019, with one follow‐up FGD in 2021. We analysed the transcripts thematically, with inductive coding, to identify emerging themes.

Results

Twenty facilities (77%) offered at least one differentiated ART delivery models, including community ART refill groups (CARGs; 13 facilities, 50%), fast‐track refill (8, 31%), family refill (6, 23%) or club refill (1, 4%). Thirteen facilities (50%) offered only one model. The median visit duration was 28 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–62). Participants in fast‐track had the shortest visit durations (18 minutes, IQR: 11–24). Confidentiality and disclosure of HIV status, travelling long distances, travel costs and waiting times were the main issues influencing clients’ views on differentiated ART delivery. Fast‐track refill was perceived as the preferred model of clients for its limited involuntary disclosure and efficiency. In contrast, group‐ and community‐based refill models reduced travel costs but were felt to be associated with involuntary disclosure of HIV status, which could discourage clients. Healthcare providers also experienced an additional workload when offering facility‐based group models, such as CARGs.

Conclusions

Differentiated ART delivery models were widely available in this rural setting, but most facilities did not offer a choice of models to address clients’ diverse preferences. A minority offered fast‐track refills, although this model was often mentioned as desirable. Confidentiality, travel expenses and client waiting times are key elements to consider when planning and rolling out differentiated HIV care.
Analytical modeling of dielectric modulated negative capacitance MoS2 field effect transistor for next‐generation label‐free biosensor
Authors: Panda Deepak Kumar , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Singh Rajan , Goyal Vishal , Boukortt Nour El Islam , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a dielectric modulated negative capacitance (NC) MoS2 FET‐based biosensor is proposed for label‐free detection of biomolecules such as enzymes, proteins, DNA, and so forth. Various reports present on experimental demonstration and modeling of NC MoS2 FET but it is never utilized as a dielectric modulated biosensor. So, in this work, the modeling, characterization and sensitivity analysis of dielectric modulated NC MoS2 FET is focused. For immobilization of biomolecules, a nanocavity is formed below the gate by etching some portion of the gate oxide material. The immobilization of biomolecules in the cavity leads to a variation of different electrostatic properties such as surface potential, threshold voltage, drain current, and subthreshold swing which can be utilized as sensing parameters. An analytical model for the proposed biosensor is also developed in the subthreshold region by considering the properties of two‐dimensional ferroelectric materials and benchmarked with TCAD device simulations. The effect of change of gate length and doping concentration on different electrical properties is also analyzed to estimate the optimum value of channel doping. The results prove that the proposed device can be used for next‐generation low power label‐free biosensor which shows enhanced sensitivity as compared to traditional FET‐based biosensors.
A note on the initial value problem for a higher‐order Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Guo Yu
Published: August 2022

Considered herein is the Cauchy problem for a higher‐order Camassa–Holm equation. Based on the local well‐posedness results for this problem, the non‐uniformly continuous dependence on initial data is established in Sobolev spaces with on the line by using the method of approximate solutions. In the periodic case, the non‐uniformly continuous dependence on initial data in Besov spaces and are proved. Finally, the persistence property of solutions for this problem is studied.
County's report on workforce needs suggests urgency of investment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2022

San Diego County, California is by no means unique in its need to attract thousands of new professionals to its behavioral health workforce, but a comprehensive report released this month offers a close look at the enormity of the task it and other communities are facing.
‘Call to action’ needed for improving perinatal MH programs
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Although intensive perinatal mental health programs have expanded within the U.S. in recent years, too few of these programs serve women with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). Additionally, little is known about the programs, operations and services, the women who are served by them, and the methods of collecting outcome data, researchers stated in an open forum article published in the August issue of Psychiatric Services.
Effect of camel milk in asthmatic children: A double‐blind randomized pilot study
Authors: Bakhtiari Elham , Nekouhi Soudabeh , Zibaee Saeid , Rakhshandeh Hasan , Sayedi Seyed J.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Asthma is one of the prevalent diseases in children. There is some evidence regarding the benefits of camel milk in asthma. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of camel milk on asthmatic children.

Patients and Methods

A randomized double‐blind pilot study was operated in 2018 in a tertiary center. Sixty children aged more than 6 years with not well‐controlled asthma were included. The intervention was consisting of 200‐ml camel milk or placebo daily for 2 months. The medication regimen and spirometry parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

A total of 57 patients completed the trial. Patients were similar in demographic and baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups after intervention in use of inhaled corticosteroids (96.7% vs. 70.4%, p value = 0.01), short‐acting beta‐agonists (53.3% vs. 29.6%, p value = 0.0001) and long‐acting beta‐agonists (53.3% vs. 40.7%, p value = 0.04) in control and intervention, respectively. The percent of changes in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in the control and intervention groups was 18.54 ± 14.89 and 21.89 ± 17.83, respectively (p = 0.19). The percent of changes in FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) in the control and intervention groups was 8.11 ± 7.12 and 11.11 ± 8.33, respectively (p = 0.14).

Conclusion

In our pilot study, some children with asthma may benefit from camel milk. Further studies would be useful to evaluate this hypothesis.
Extended Poisson's Ratio Range in Chiral Isotropic Elastic Materials
Authors: Lakes Roderic S. , Huey Ballard , Goyal Karan
Published: August 2022

Poisson's ratio in chiral Cosserat elastic solids is considered. Chirality allows the Poisson's ratio to exceed classical bounds, even if the material is directionally isotropic and all elastic moduli are within thermodynamic limits based on strain energy density. Poisson's ratio in chiral rods depends on the chiral elastic constants as well as on the shear and bulk moduli, assumed positive. Poisson's ratio can be greater than 0.5 or smaller than −1 for slender chiral specimens.
Significant Anharmonicity of Thermal Transport in Amorphous Silica at High Temperature
Authors: Yang Lei , Cao Bing-Yang
Published: August 2022

The anharmonicity of thermal transport in amorphous solids is underappreciated and inadequately understood, although considerable attention is paid to that of crystals. Herein, the anharmonic effects on the heat conduction of amorphous silica are investigated by combining the normal mode decomposition method with the Wigner transport equation. The existence of significant anharmonicity in amorphous silica, including temperature‐dependent linewidths and frequency shifts of the vibrational modes, is demonstrated. By considering the anharmonic effects, the predicted temperature dependence of thermal conductivities at high temperatures agrees well with the increasing trend observed in experiments. The underlying mechanisms are further revealed. The anharmonic frequency shifts notably affect the strength of coupling between pairs of vibrational modes and dictate the positive temperature dependence, whereas the increasing linewidths with increasing temperature are of minor importance. This work contributes to the understanding of the anharmonicity of thermal vibrations and heat conduction in amorphous materials.
Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Akhgarjand Camellia , Asoudeh Farzaneh , Bagheri Amir , Kalantar Zahra , Vahabi Zahra , Shab‐bidar Sakineh , Rezvani Hamid , Djafarian Kurosh
Published: August 2022

Clinical trial studies revealed conflicting results on the effect of Ashwagandha extract on anxiety and stress. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on anxiety as well as stress. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception until December 2021. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigate the effect of Ashwagandha extract on anxiety and stress. The overall effect size was pooled by random‐effects model and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for outcomes were applied. Overall, 12 eligible papers with a total sample size of 1,002 participants and age range between 25 and 48 years were included in the current systematic review and meta‐analysis. We found that Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduced anxiety (SMD: −1.55, 95% CI: −2.37, −0.74; p = .005; I2 = 93.8%) and stress level (SMD: −1.75; 95% CI: −2.29, −1.22; p = .005; I2 = 83.1%) compared to the placebo. Additionally, the non‐linear dose–response analysis indicated a favorable effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on anxiety until 12,000 mg/d and stress at dose of 300–600 mg/d. Finally, we identified that the certainty of the evidence was low for both outcomes. The current systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of RCTs revealed a beneficial effect in both stress and anxiety following Ashwagandha supplementation. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
The frictional layer in the observed momentum budget of the trades
Authors: Nuijens L. , Savazzi A. , de Boer G. , Brilouet P‐E. , George G. , Lothon M. , Zhang D.
Published: August 2022

Profiles of eddy momentum flux divergence are calculated as the residual in the momentum budget constructed from airborne circular dropsonde arrays (220 km) for 13 days during the EURECA/ATOMIC field campaign. The observed dynamical forcing averaged over all flights agrees broadly with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) forecasts. In the direction of the flow, a mean flux divergence (friction) exists over a 1.5‐km deep Ekman layer, and a mean flux convergence (acceleration) is present near cloud tops. The friction is countergradient between 1 and 1.5 km, where vertical wind shear exceeds the observed thermal wind. From the frictional profile, a 10‐m momentum flux of 0.1 Nm is derived, in line with Saildrone turbulence measurements. A momentum flux divergence in the cross‐wind direction is pronounced near the surface and acts to veer the wind, opposing the friction‐induced cross‐isobaric wind turning. Weaker friction and upper‐level acceleration of easterly flow are observed when stronger winds and more vigorous convection prevail. Turbulence measurements on board the SAFIRE ATR‐42 aircraft and the Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) RAAVEN reveal pronounced spatial variability of momentum fluxes, with a non‐negligible contribution of mesoscales (5–30 km). The findings highlight the nontrivial impact of turbulence, convection, and mesoscale flows in the presence of diverse cloud fields on the depth and strength of the frictional layer.
Sputter‐Deposited High Entropy Alloy Thin Film Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Li Siang‐Yun , Nguyen Thi Xuyen , Su Yen‐Hsun , Lin Chia‐Chun , Huang Yan‐Jia , Shen Yun‐Hwei , Liu Chuan‐Pu , Ruan Jr‐Jeng , Chang Kao‐Shuo , Ting Jyh‐Ming
Published: August 2022

Thin film catalysts, giving a different morphology, provide a significant advantage over catalyst particles for the gas evolution reaction. Taking the advantages of sputter deposition, a high entropy alloy (HEA) thin film electrocatalyst is hereby reported for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst characteristics are investigated not only in its as‐deposited state, but also during and after the OER. For comparison, unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary thin film catalysts are prepared and characterized. The surface electronic structure modification due to the addition of a metal is studied experimentally and theoretically using density functional theory calculation. It is demonstrated that sputtered FeNiMoCrAl HEA thin film exhibits OER performance superior to all the reported HEA catalysts with robust electrocatalytic activity having a low overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm–2, and excellent electrochemical stability at different constant current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm–2 for 50 h. Furthermore, the microstructure transformation is investigated during the OER, which is important for the understanding of the OER mechanism provided by HEA electrocatalyst. Such a finding will contribute to future catalyst design.
Workload management and server speed setting for cost‐performance ratio optimization
Authors: Li Keqin
Published: August 2022

The cost‐performance tradeoff is a fundamental issue in a data center for cloud computing, which is closely related to two key metrics that both cloud consumers and service providers care the most, that is, quality of service and cost of service. While there are different definitions of quality of service, the average response time is a common choice of performance metric. While there are various considerations in cost of service, the average power consumption is a common choice of cost metric. Hence, the cost‐performance tradeoff becomes the power‐performance tradeoff. In this article, we deal with the power‐performance tradeoff at the data center level. We study cost‐performance ratio optimization by using the techniques of workload management and server speed setting. In particular, we make the following tangible contributions. We solve three optimization problems, that is, (1) the workload management problem—to find a workload distribution, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized; (2) the server speed setting problem—to find a server speed setting, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized; (3) the workload management and server speed setting problem—to find a workload distribution and a server speed setting, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized. All the three optimization problems are analytically defined as multivariable optimization problems based on M/M/m queueing systems for multiple heterogeneous multiserver systems, together with two power consumption models, that is, the idle‐speed model and the constant‐speed model. Our approach makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate and optimize the cost‐performance ratio of a data center within a rigorously developed framework. Each multivariable optimization problem is transformed to a nonlinear system of equations. Due to the sophistication of these equations, they are solved algorithmically by a numerical procedure. Furthermore, we provide approximate, accurate, and analytical solutions to the first two problems. Performance data are demonstrated for each problem, and the accuracy of our approximate solutions are also discussed. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper which analytically and algorithmically minimizes the cost‐performance ratio of a data center with multiple heterogeneous multiserver systems using the techniques of workload management and server speed setting.
Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Zugstäben mit Endgewinden
Authors: Unglaub Julian , Jahns Hendrik , Skarmoutsos Georgios , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Thiele Klaus
Published: August 2022

Im Vorhaben „Zyklische Bemessung von Zugstäben mit Endgewinden“ sind umfangreiche Untersuchungen an Zugstäben verschiedener Herstellungsarten (geschnitten, gerollt, mit und ohne Feuerverzinkung) durchgeführt worden. Dabei wurden die Durchmesser M16, M48, M68 und M100 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der 214 Ermüdungsversuche zeigen erhöhte Ermüdungsfestigkeiten für gerollte Zugstäbe. Für geschnittene Gewinde wird der Kerbfall 50 bestätigt. Der Einfluss von Produktions‐ und Montagetoleranzen wurde mit dem Kerbdehnungskonzept untersucht. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen wird ein Vorschlag der Einordnung des Kerbdetails „Zugstäbe mit Endgewinden“ aus Baustahl unter Berücksichtigung des Herstellungsverfahrens und einer Feuerverzinkung formuliert.
Efficient Computation of Answer Sets via SAT Modulo Acyclicity and Vertex Elimination
Authors: Feyzbakhsh Rankooh Masood , Janhunen Tomi
Published: August 2022

Answer set programming (ASP) is a declarative programming paradigm where the solutions of a search problem are captured by the answer sets of a logic program describing its solutions. Besides native algorithms implemented as answer-set solvers, the computation of answer sets can be realized (i) by translating the logic program into propositional logic or its extensions and (ii) by finding satisfying assignments with appropriate solvers. In this work, we recall the graph-based extension of propositional logic, viz. SAT modulo graphs, and the case of acyclicity constraint which keeps a digraph associated with each truth assignment acyclic. This particular extension lends itself very well for answer set computation, e.g., using extended SAT solvers, such as GraphSAT, as back-end solvers. The goal of this work, however, is to translate away the acyclicity extension altogether using a vertex elimination technique, giving rise to a translation from ASP into propositional clauses only. We use non-tight benchmarks and a state-of-the-art SAT solver, Kissat, to illustrate that performance obtained in this way can be competitive against GraphSAT and native ASP solvers such as Clasp and Wasp.
Resilient Leadership in Time of Crisis in Distance Education Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Makoe Mpine
Published: August 2022

As leaders of distance education in sub-Saharan Africa were dealing with myriad challenges of high numbers of young people seeking access to higher education, lack of technologies, and inadequate expertise for online teaching, Covid-19 pandemic emerged, and, almost overnight, quick decisions had to be made to pivot to online spaces to ensure that learning occurred even in the midst of the crisis. Leaders who were flexible and adaptive to changing environment were able to respond effectively to this crisis. Hence the focus of the study is on the character of a distance education leader who is exhibiting personality traits that will enable him or her to move a distance education institution forward.

The futures triangle was used to contextualize and historicize the character of a leader who has the ability to be innovative and willing to take risks in the face of crisis. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how some historical factors have not only influenced the leadership practices in distance education, but they have molded the characters of distance education leaders. The futures triangle mapping process revealed that the legacy of colonialism, the lack of managerial skills, the slow adoption of using technologies, the growing number of people who cannot be accommodated in higher education, and, most recently, the Covid-19 pandemic were drivers of change that illustrated how leaders responded in time of crisis. Moving distance education forward requires resilient leaders who are agile and adaptable to lead in an open and technology-rich distance education environment.
Muon (g − 2) and flavor puzzles in the U(1)X-gauged leptoquark model
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We present an economical model where an S1 leptoquark and an anomaly-free U(1)X gauge symmetry with X = B3− 2Lμ/3 − Lτ/3 are introduced, to account for the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ≡ (gμ− 2) and flavor puzzles including $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

and $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomalies together with quark and lepton flavor mixing. The Z′ gauge boson associated with the U(1)X symmetry is responsible for the $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

anomaly. Meanwhile, the specific flavor mixing patterns of quarks and leptons can be generated after the spontaneous breakdown of the U(1)X gauge symmetry via the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. The S1 leptoquark which is also charged under the U(1)X gauge symmetry can simultaneously explain the latest muon (g − 2) result and the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly. In addition, we also discuss several other experimental constraints on our model.
The second law of black hole mechanics in effective field theory
Authors: Hollands Stefan , Kovács Áron D. , Reall Harvey S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations around a stationary black hole. We show that this can be extended to define an entropy that satisfies the second law to quadratic order in perturbations, provided that one treats the higher derivative terms in the sense of effective field theory. We also address some outstanding issues with Wall’s method, in particular its gauge invariance and its relation to the Iyer-Wald entropy.
Potential effect of novel thiadiazole derivatives against radiation induced inflammation with low cardiovascular risk in rats
Authors: Zaher Nashwa H. , El-Sheikh Marwa M. , El-Hazek Rania M. , El-Gazzar Marwa G. , El-Hazek Reham M. M.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present study is to explore new selective anti-inflammatory compounds with low cardiovascular risk. Twelve thiadiazole derivatives incorporating different amino acid moieties were newly synthesized (4–15) as potential anti-inflammatory agents with low cardiovascular risks through dual COX-2/MPO inhibition. Compounds were initially screened for their anti-inflammatory effect by assay of COX-2, the most potent (4–6, 8) were further tested for COX-1 inhibition, myeloperoxidase MPO activity as well as total nitric oxide content NO in heart of irradiated rats. Cardiac toxicity potential was evaluated by assay of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-I (Tn-I) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Celcoxcib was used as reference drug. S-(5-((4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)2-amino propanethioate (5) was the most potent anti-inflammatory with the least cardiotoxicity effect. It exhibited IC50 0.09 µM on COX-2 inhibition with very low activity on COX-1. Troponin I was elevated by 11% using compound 5 in non-irradiated rats. Moreover, compound (5) showed 73% reduction in MPO level. Results were supported by molecular docking into the active sites of COX-2 and MPO enzymes to have more insights about the possible dual inhibition of compound 5 of both enzymes.
Bilevel hyperparameter optimization for support vector classification: theoretical analysis and a solution method
Authors: Li Qingna , Li Zhen , Zemkoho Alain
Published: August 2022

Support vector classification (SVC) is a classical and well-performed learning method for classification problems. A regularization parameter, which significantly affects the classification performance, has to be chosen and this is usually done by the cross-validation procedure. In this paper, we reformulate the hyperparameter selection problem for support vector classification as a bilevel optimization problem in which the upper-level problem minimizes the average number of misclassified data points over all the cross-validation folds, and the lower-level problems are the $$l_1$$

l
1

-loss SVC problems, with each one for each fold in T-fold cross-validation. The resulting bilevel optimization model is then converted to a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). To solve this MPEC, we propose a global relaxation cross-validation algorithm (GR–CV) based on the well-know Sholtes-type global relaxation method (GRM). It is proven to converge to a C-stationary point. Moreover, we prove that the MPEC-tailored version of the Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ), which is a key property to guarantee the convergence of the GRM, automatically holds at each feasible point of this MPEC. Extensive numerical results verify the efficiency of the proposed approach. In particular, compared with other methods, our algorithm enjoys superior generalization performance over almost all the data sets used in this paper.
PROSPECT: 4- and 6-year follow-up of a randomised trial of surgery for vaginal prolapse
Authors: Reid Fiona M. , Aucott Lorna , Glazener Cathryn M. A. , Elders Andrew , Hemming Christine , Cooper Kevin G. , Freeman Robert M. , Smith Anthony R. B. , Hagen Suzanne , Kilonzo Mary , Boyers Dwayne , MacLennan Graeme , Norrie John , Breeman Suzanne ,   [for the PROSPECT study group]
Published: August 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

Our aim was to compare the mid-term results of native tissue, biological xenograft and polypropylene mesh surgery for women with vaginal wall prolapse.

Methods

A total of 1348 women undergoing primary transvaginal repair of an anterior and/or posterior prolapse were recruited between January 2010 and August 2013 from 35 UK centres. They were randomised by remote allocation to native tissue surgery, biological xenograft or polypropylene mesh. We performed both 4- and 6-year follow-up using validated patient-reported outcome measures.

Results

At 4 and 6 years post-operation, there was no clinically important difference in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score for any of the treatments. Using a strict composite outcome to assess functional cure at 6 years, we found no difference in cure among the three types of surgery. Half the women were cured at 6 years but only 10.3 to 12% of women had undergone further surgery for prolapse. However, 8.4% of women in the mesh group had undergone further surgery for mesh complications. There was no difference in the incidence of chronic pain or dyspareunia between groups.

Conclusions

At the mid-term outcome of 6 years, there is no benefit from augmenting primary prolapse repairs with polypropylene mesh inlays or biological xenografts. There was no evidence that polypropylene mesh inlays caused greater pain or dyspareunia than native tissue repairs.
Use of ketamine in patients with refractory severe asthma exacerbations: systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: La Via Luigi , Sanfilippo Filippo , Cuttone Giuseppe , Dezio Veronica , Falcone Monica , Brancati Serena , Crimi Claudia , Astuto Marinella
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of symptoms. Severe asthma exacerbations (SAEs) are characterized by worsening symptoms and bronchospasm requiring emergency department visits. In addition to conventional strategies for SAEs (inhaled β-agonists, anticholinergics, and systemic corticosteroids), another pharmacological option is represented by ketamine. We performed a systematic review to explore the role of ketamine in refractory SAEs.

Methods

We performed a systematic search on PubMed and EMBASE up to August 12th, 2021. We selected prospective studies only, and outcomes of interest were oxygenation/respiratory parameters, clinical status, need for invasive ventilation and effects on weaning.

Results

We included a total of seven studies, five being randomized controlled trials (RCTs, population range 44–92 patients). The two small prospective studies (n = 10 and n = 11) did not have a control group. Four studies focused on adults, and three enrolled a pediatric population. We found a large heterogeneity regarding sample size, age and gender distribution, inclusion criteria (different severity scores, if any) and ketamine dosing (bolus and/or continuous infusion). Of the five RCTs, three compared ketamine to placebo, while one used fentanyl and the other aminophylline. The outcomes evaluated by the included studies were highly variable. Despite paucity of data and large heterogeneity, an overview of the included studies suggests absence of clear benefit produced by ketamine in patients with refractory SAE, and some signals towards side effects.

Conclusion

Our systematic review does not support the use of ketamine in refractory SAE. A limited number of prospective studies with large heterogeneity was found. Well-designed multicenter RCTs are desirable.
Characterization of microbial communities in anaerobic acidification reactors fed with casein and/or lactose
Authors: Deng Zhe , Ferreira Ana Lucia Morgado , Spanjers Henri , van Lier Jules B.
Published: August 2022

Protein-rich agro-industrial waste streams are high in organic load and represent a major environmental problem. Anaerobic digestion is an established technology to treat these streams; however, retardation of protein degradation is frequently observed when carbohydrates are present. This study investigated the mechanism of the retardation by manipulating the carbon source fed to a complex anaerobic microbiota and linking the reactor performance to the variation of the microbial community. Two anaerobic acidification reactors were first acclimated either to casein (CAS reactor) or lactose (LAC reactor), and then fed with mixtures of casein and lactose. Results showed that when lactose was present, the microbial community acclimated to casein shifted from mainlyChloroflexitoProteobacteriaandFirmicutes, the degree of deamination in the CAS reactor decreased from 77 to 15%, and the VFA production decreased from 75 to 34% of the effluent COD. A decrease of 75% in protease activity and 90% in deamination activity of the microbiota was also observed. The microorganisms that can ferment both proteins and carbohydrates were predominant in the microbial community, and from a thermodynamical point of view, they consumed carbohydrates prior to proteins. The frequently observed negative effect of carbohydrates on protein degradation can be mainly attributed to the substrate preference of these populations.

Keypoints

• The presence of lactose shifted the microbial community and retarded anaerobic protein degradation.

•Facultative genera were dominant in the presence and absence of lactose.

•Substrate-preference caused retardation of anaerobic protein degradation.
PD-1+ mast cell enhanced by PD-1 blocking therapy associated with resistance to immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jun , Peng Gang , Zhu Kuikui , Jie Xiaohua , Xu Yingzhuo , Rao Xinrui , Xu Yunhong , Chen Yunshang , Xing Biyuan , Wu Gang , Shi Liangliang
Published: August 2022

Background

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody has been approved for a variety of tumors, but its effective rate is unsatisfactory. New evidence suggests that mast cells are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and are associated with resistance to immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism is not clear.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis of patients with melanoma in TCGA-SKCM and GSE91061 was used to determine the prognostic value of mast cells and their association with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. HMC-1 cells (mast cell line) and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were used to verify the effect of PD-1 antibody and cromolyn sodium in vitro. The mouse subcutaneous melanoma model was used to verify the effect of the PD-1 antibody on mast cells in vivo.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis showed that mast cells were a poor prognostic factor associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. PD-1 was expressed on the mast cell membrane. The PD-1 antibody promoted the release of histamine and cytokines from mast cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway and calcium signaling pathway. The activation of mast cells induced by PD-1 antibody could be partially inhibited by cromolyn sodium. In vivo, cromolyn sodium increased the efficacy of PD-1 antibody and decreased the infiltration of mast cells and the density of microvessels.

Conclusion

PD-1+ mast cell activated by PD-1 antibody plays a negative role in the tumor microenvironment via the enhanced function of releasing histamine and cytokines. Inhibition of mast cell may provide a new solution to solve the low response rate of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling
Authors: Scheuermann Julia-Sophia , Gräßel Elmar , Pendergrass Anna
Published: August 2022

Background

Informal caregivers (CGs) often fail to recognize or express a need for informal caregiver counseling (ICC) but ICC is an essential but relatively rarely used support service for CGs.

Objective

Our aim is to identify predictors of CGs’ need for ICC. Stirling et al.’s need model, which includes three needs (expressed, felt, and normative), serves as a theoretical basis.

Material and methods

Analyses are based on cross-sectional data (n = 958) from the “Benefits of being a caregiver” study. Predictors of the need to use ICC were analyzed with binary logistic regression. A sensitivity analysis using multiple linear regression was performed for the metric value of normative needs.

Results

We found that 6.8% of CGs currently or have recently used ICC. This expressed need was related to higher education and higher effort in instrumental activities; 24.1% of CGs reported an intention to use ICC in the future. This felt need was related to male gender, lower care level, more problem-focused coping, and a desire for more informal help. Objective need for ICC (normative need), which was related to a higher burden of care, less experienced benefits, and negative relationship quality, was reported by 21.4% of CGs. According to a sensitivity analysis, higher education, a desire for informal help, and living in separate households also predicted a normative need for counseling.

Discussion

Current utilization is significantly lower than the subjectively perceived and objectively existing need for ICC. The identified predictors provide initial strategies for motivating more CGs to use ICC.