bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Disassembly Line Balancing Problem with Tool Deterioration and Solution by Discrete Migratory Bird Optimizer
Authors: Qin Shujin , Wang Jiaxin , Wang Jiacun , Guo Xiwang , Qi Liang , Fu Yaping
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the global resource shortage has become a serious issue. Recycling end-of-life (EOL) products is conducive to resource reuse and circular economy and can mitigate the resource shortage issue. The disassembly of EOL products is the first step for resource reuse. Disassembly activities need tools, and tool deterioration occurs inevitably during the disassembly process. This work studies the influence of tool deterioration on disassembly efficiency. A disassembly line balancing model with the goal of maximizing disassembly profits is established, in which tool selection and assignment is a critical part. A modified discrete migratory bird optimizer is proposed to solve optimization problems. The well-known IBM CPLEX optimizer is used to verify the correctness of the model. Six real-world products are used for disassembly experiments. The popular fruit fly optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and salp swarm algorithm are used for search performance comparison. The results show that the discrete migratory bird optimizer outperforms all three other algorithms in all disassembly instances.
Automated Classification of Agricultural Species through Parallel Artificial Multiple Intelligence System–Ensemble Deep Learning
Authors: Sriprateep Keartisak , Khonjun Surajet , Golinska-Dawson Paulina , Pitakaso Rapeepan , Luesak Peerawat , Srichok Thanatkij , Chiaranai Somphop , Gonwirat Sarayut , Buakum Budsaba
Published: January 2024

The classification of certain agricultural species poses a formidable challenge due to their inherent resemblance and the absence of dependable visual discriminators. The accurate identification of these plants holds substantial importance in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and herbal medicine, where the optimization of essential compound yields and product quality is paramount. In response to this challenge, we have devised an automated classification system based on deep learning principles, designed to achieve precision and efficiency in species classification. Our approach leverages a diverse dataset encompassing various cultivars and employs the Parallel Artificial Multiple Intelligence System–Ensemble Deep Learning model (P-AMIS-E). This model integrates ensemble image segmentation techniques, including U-Net and Mask-R-CNN, alongside image augmentation and convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures such as SqueezeNet, ShuffleNetv2 1.0x, MobileNetV3, and InceptionV1. The culmination of these elements results in the P-AMIS-E model, enhanced by an Artificial Multiple Intelligence System (AMIS) for decision fusion, ultimately achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 98.41%. This accuracy notably surpasses the performance of existing methods, such as ResNet-101 and Xception, which attain 93.74% accuracy on the testing dataset. Moreover, when applied to an unseen dataset, the P-AMIS-E model demonstrates a substantial advantage, yielding accuracy rates ranging from 4.45% to 31.16% higher than those of the compared methods. It is worth highlighting that our heterogeneous ensemble approach consistently outperforms both single large models and homogeneous ensemble methods, achieving an average improvement of 13.45%. This paper provides a case study focused on the Centella Asiatica Urban (CAU) cultivar to exemplify the practical application of our approach. By integrating image segmentation, augmentation, and decision fusion, we have significantly enhanced accuracy and efficiency. This research holds theoretical implications for the advancement of deep learning techniques in image classification tasks while also offering practical benefits for industries reliant on precise species identification.
The Augmented Weak Sharpness of Solution Sets in Equilibrium Problems
Authors: Wang Ruyu , Zhao Wenling , Song Daojin , Hu Yaozhong
Published: January 2024

This study considers equilibrium problems, focusing on identifying finite solutions for feasible solution sequences. We introduce an innovative extension of the weak sharp minimum concept from convex programming to equilibrium problems, coining this as weak sharpness for solution sets. Recognizing situations where the solution set may not exhibit weak sharpness, we propose an augmented mapping approach to mitigate this limitation. The core of our research is the formulation of augmented weak sharpness for the solution set. This comprehensive concept encapsulates both weak sharpness and strong non-degeneracy within feasible solution sequences. Crucially, we identify a necessary and sufficient condition for the finite termination of these sequences under the premise of augmented weak sharpness for the solution set in equilibrium problems. This condition significantly broadens the scope of the existing literature, which often assumes the solution set to be weakly sharp or strongly non-degenerate, especially in mathematical programming and variational inequality problems. Our findings not only shed light on the termination conditions in equilibrium problems but also introduce a less stringent sufficient condition for the finite termination of various optimization algorithms. This research, therefore, makes a substantial contribution to the field by enhancing our understanding of termination conditions in equilibrium problems and expanding the applicability of established theories to a wider range of optimization scenarios.
Antiangiogenic Therapy Efficacy Can Be Tumor-Size Dependent, as Mathematical Modeling Suggests
Authors: Kuznetsov Maxim , Kolobov Andrey
Published: January 2024

Antiangiogenic therapy (AAT) is an indirect oncological modality that is aimed at the disruption of cancer cell nutrient supply. Invasive tumors have been shown to possess inherent resistance to this treatment, while compactly growing benign tumors react to it by shrinking. It is generally accepted that AAT by itself is not curative. This study presents a mathematical model of non-invasive tumor growth with a physiologically justified account of microvasculature alteration and the biomechanical aspects of importance during tumor growth and AAT. In the untreated setting, the model reproduces tumor growth with saturation, where the maximum tumor volume depends on the level of angiogenesis. The outcomes of the AAT simulations depend on the tumor size at the moment of treatment initiation. If it is close to the stable size of an avascular tumor grown in the absence of angiogenesis, then the tumor is rapidly stabilized by AAT. The treatment of large tumors is accompanied by the displacement of normal tissue due to tumor shrinkage. During this, microvasculature undergoes distortion, the degree of which depends on the displacement distance. As it affects tumor nutrient supply, the stable size of a tumor that undergoes AAT negatively correlates with its size at the beginning of treatment. For sufficiently large initial tumors, the long-term survival of tumor cells is compromised by competition with normal cells for the severely limited inflow of nutrients, which makes AAT effectively curative.
Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Lifestyle Perspective
Authors: Straume Zane , Krūmiņa Nikola , Elbere Ilze , Rozenberga Maija , Rudzīte Dace , Proskurina Anna , Ozoliņa Juliana , Kloviņš Jānis , Skuja Vita , Krūmiņa Angelika
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 is the new coronavirus that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Studies have increasingly reported the involvement of organs outside the respiratory system, including the gastrointestinal tract. Data on the association between COVID-19 and ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking. Materials and Methods: In this one-centre cross-sectional study, 49 patients with UC from the Riga East Clinical University Hospital outpatient clinic were included from June 2021 to December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to their history of a confirmed positive or negative COVID-19 status. Data on their lifestyle, diet, and medications and the food supplements used by the patients were collected during interviews and analysed using the R 4.2.1 software. Results: Out of 49 patients, 33 (63.3%) were male and 13 (36.7%) were female, with a mean age of 32.33 ± 8.6 years. Fourteen patients (28.6%) had a confirmed COVID-19 infection in the last year. The most common COVID-19-related symptoms were a fever and rhinorrhoea. A third of patients followed the inflammatory bowel disease diet (16; 32.7%); out of these patients, 12 (34.3%) did not contract COVID-19 (OR: 0.78 (0.18; 2.98), p > 0.05). In the COVID-19-positive group, the majority of patients did not use vitamin D (11; 79% vs. 3; 21%, (OR: 0.38 (0.07; 1.51), p = 0.28) or probiotics (11; 78.6% vs. 3; 21.4%, OR: 1.33 (0.23; 6.28), p = 0.7). In the COVID-19-positive group, most patients did not smoke (12; 85.7% vs. 2; 14.3%, p = 0.475) and did not use alcohol (9; 64.3% vs. 5; 35.7%, OR: 0.63 (0.16; 2.57), p = 0.5). Most of the patients who participated in sports activities were COVID-negative (18; 51.4% vs. 6; 42.9%, p = 0.82). Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences in the use of food supplements, probiotics, or vitamins; the lifestyle habits; or the COVID-19 status in patients with UC.
Assessment of Retinal Microangiopathy in Patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography—A Pilot Study
Authors: Djordjevic-Jocic Jasmina , Kokoris Jovana Cukuranovic , Mitic Branka , Bogdanovic Dragan , Trenkic Marija , Zlatanovic Nevena , Jocic Hristina , Cukuranovic Rade
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: It is well known that alterations in microvascular structure and function contribute to the development of ocular, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, the presence of fundus vascular changes in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) may provide information of prognostic value regarding the progression of renal disease. This study aimed to examine the associations between clinical characteristics and retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with BEN and compare them with those in CKD. Materials and Methods: This pilot study, conducted from March 2021 to April 2022, included 63 patients who were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 29 patients suffering from BEN, and the second was a control group of 34 patients with CKD. Demographic, laboratory, clinical, and medication data were noted for all the patients included in this study. Each eye underwent OCT angiography, and the results were interpreted in accordance with the practical guide for the interpretation of OCTA findings. Results: Statistically significantly higher levels of total serum protein and triglycerides were recorded in the BEN group than in the CKD group, while the level of HDL cholesterol was lower. Based on the performed urinalysis, statistically significantly higher values of total protein and creatinine were detected in patients with CKD compared to the BEN group. It was demonstrated that the OCTA vascular plexus density of certain parts of the retina was in significant association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus type 2, age, body mass index, total serum and urinary protein, sCRP, and diuretic and antihypertensive treatment. Conclusions: In comparison with CKD, BEN leads to more significant disturbances in retinal vasculature density.
Bovine Serum Albumin Rejection by an Open Ultrafiltration Membrane: Characterization and Modeling
Authors: Suryawirawan Eric , Janssen Anja E. M. , Boom Remko M. , van der Padt Albert
Published: January 2024

The classic application of ultrafiltration (UF) is for the complete retention of proteins, and in that situation, the transport behavior is well established. More open membranes with fractional retention are used when separating different proteins. However, protein transport has not been well documented yet in the literature. The bovine serum albumin (∼69 kDa) observed rejection ranges from 0.65 to 1 using a 300 kDa molecular weight cut-off membrane at different pH, ionic strength, and pressure. We demonstrated that, especially with open UF, the transport of proteins through the membrane is dominated by advection, with insignificant diffusion effects (p value > 0.05). We showed that with open UF, retention is not only caused by size exclusion but also to a large extent by electrostatic interactions and oligomerization of the proteins. Mass transfer in the polarization layer was relatively independent of the pH and ionic strength. It was underestimated by common Sherwood relations due to a relatively large contribution of the reduction in the flow turbulence near the membrane by the removal of fluid through the membrane. We propose a model that allows relatively quick characterization of the rejection of proteins without prior knowledge of the pore sizes and charges based on just a limited set of experiments. Therefore, protein rejection with the open UF system can be targeted by tuning the processing conditions, which might be useful for designing protein fractionation processes.
Improved Tribological Performance of Nitride-Reinforced Biocompatible Titanium–Niobium–Zirconium–Tantalum (TNZT) Alloys for Advanced Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Digole Satyavan , Desai Jay , Christopher Calvin , Bohara Smriti , Witharamage Chathuranga Sandamal , Kothapalli Chandra , Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Borkar Tushar
Published: January 2024

β-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are used in various biomedical applications, especially for orthopedic implants, due to their superior biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, and enhanced mechanical properties. However, the inferior tribological properties of β-Ti alloys lead to fretting wear and a strong tendency to seize, which is a major concern in orthopedic applications involving continuous friction. This work aims to address this issue by incorporating biocompatible nitrides in Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta (TNZT) β-Ti alloys. TNZT composites comprising 2 wt.% of biocompatible nitrides (TiN, NbN, ZrN, and TaN) were prepared using high-energy ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering. All the nitrides improved the hardness and wear resistance of TNZT alloys and showed excellent biocompatibility. TNZT-2 wt.% TiN showed the average highest hardness of 311.8 HV and the lowest coefficient of friction of 0.659, suggesting the highest efficiency of TiN in improving the tribological performance of TNZT alloys. The underlying mechanisms behind the superior performance of nitride-reinforced TNZT composites are discussed in detail. The effect of TiN concentration was also studied by preparing TNZT composites with 5 and 10 wt.% TiN, which showcased a higher hardness of 388.5 HV and 444.3 HV, respectively. This work will aid in producing superior β-Ti alloys for advanced orthopedic applications.
Effect of Residual Stress on the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Titanium Alloy Pressure Spherical–Cylindrical-Combined Shells
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Guo Jianting , Zhang Bowen , Ge Keke , Li Liangbi , Lv Feng
Published: January 2024

Titanium alloy pressure spherical–cylindrical shells enable the effective utilization of the strength of spherical and cylindrical pressure-resistant shell components. In this study, a numerical simulation of the residual stress of a titanium alloy butt-welding plate was conducted by employing sequential coupling and a temperature heat source model. The results of welding residual stress analysis agreed well with the experimental results reported in the literature. Subsequently, the welding residual stress of a titanium alloy pressure spherical–cylindrical shell was calculated and analyzed using the same method. Finally, the influence of residual stress on the ultimate bearing capacity of the shell was assessed. On the inner surface of the shell, the horizontal welding residual tensile stress, perpendicular to the weld path, exhibited a bimodal distribution. The longitudinal welding residual tensile stresses were higher than the horizontal welding residual stress. Near the weld on the outer shell surface, higher longitudinal welding residual tensile stresses existed, whereas the horizontal welding residual stress was compressive. Both the inner and outer shell surfaces exhibited significant longitudinal residual tensile stresses along the weld path, though residual compressive stresses existed on both surfaces. The influence of welding residual stress on the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the shell was minimal.
Process Optimization in Laser Welding of IN792 DS Superalloy
Authors: Barbieri Giuseppe , Cognini Francesco , de Crescenzo Chiara , Fava Alessandra , Moncada Massimo , Montanari Roberto , Richetta Maria , Varone Alessandra
Published: January 2024

Ni-base superalloys are employed to produce parts of aeronautic engines, space vehicles and power plants. During the production process or lifetime of components, cracks may occur which affect their performance. Reliable repairs can be carried out through high-energy density welding techniques. This work investigated laser welding of the directionally solidified IN792 DS superalloy. The characteristics of the original material and their evolution in the base metal, heat-affected zone and melt zone after laser welding in different conditions and post-welding heat treatment were investigated through micro-hardness tests, light and scanning electron microscopy observations. The study allowed to optimize the process parameters and post-welding heat treatment, obtaining joints without macro-defects, such as cracks and pores, and with properties and microstructures of the melt zone like those of base metal.
The Hot Tensile Properties, Fracture Features, and Microstructure Evolution of As-Cast 7005 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Xia Erli , Ye Tuo , Liu Limei , Liu Wei , Yue Huanyu , Tang Jian , Wu Yuanzhi
Published: January 2024

In order to explore the hot deformation behaviors of the as-cast 7005 aluminum alloy, a number of hot tensile tests with four temperatures (100, 200, 300, and 400 °C) and three strain rates (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 s−1) were performed. The Johnson–Cook model was used to express the relationship between stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were selected to reveal fracture features and microstructure evolution of the studied alloy. The results indicate that the flow stress level of the alloy reduces with increases in the deformation temperature and decreases in the strain rate. The established Johnson–Cook model can be employed to characterize the thermal flow behavior of the experimental alloy. The grains near the fracture surface were elongated, and a certain number of holes were found after deformation at 400 °C. The alloy exhibits obvious ductile fracture features. The dimple is deep with high quantity. Due to the plastic deformation, a high-density dislocation structure is found in the material. High-temperature conditions promote the annihilation of dislocation, and, as a result, the dislocation density decreases gradually with the increase in temperature. In addition, a certain number of precipitates were found in the alloy after high-temperature tension.
The Feasibility of Static Shoulder Friction Stir Welding in Joining Dissimilar Metals of Al6061 and Ti6Al4V
Authors: Sundar Saravana A. , Kar Amlan , Mugada Krishna Kishore , Kumar Adepu
Published: January 2024

In this study, static shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) is innovatively employed to join Al6061 and Ti6Al4V, aiming to minimize material mixing and intermetallic formation, significantly influencing the interfacial microstructure and joint strength. The results revealed that SSFSW reduced the intermetallic layer thickness at the interface, improving joint quality. The mutual interdiffusion of Al and Ti at the interface was influenced by an exothermic chemical reaction, forming an Al5Ti2–Al3Ti sequence due to the diffusion of Al into the Ti matrix. The microstructural analysis demonstrated better interfacial microstructural homogeneity in SSFSW joints than conventional FSW (CFSW), with finer titanium particle distribution. The larger particles resulted in coarser grains in CFSW, affecting the mobility of dislocations, which potentially led to the inhomogeneous concentration of dislocations at the interface. Recrystallization mechanisms varied between CFSW and SSFSW, with the Ti interface showing equiaxed and recrystallized grains due to the dynamic recovery driven by adiabatic shear bands. The tensile testing results of SSFSW exhibited a joint efficiency of 88%, demonstrating a 20.2% increase compared to CFSW, which can be attributed to differences in fracture modes. This study contributes to an understanding of dissimilar Al-Ti joining and provides insights for industries seeking to leverage the benefits of such combinations in lightweight and high-performance structures.
Experimental and Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Investigations of Plastic Anisotropy in Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Wang Zhanfeng , Xu Mengyu , Liu Xiao , Lin Qing , Huang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Hongmei
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing, particularly the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, has ushered in a new era of intricate metallic component fabrication, leveraging the exceptional performance of the Ti6Al4V alloy. However, the intricate mechanical behavior of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V, particularly its anisotropic attributes stemming from non-equilibrium microstructures, presents a formidable challenge. In this study, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of the anisotropic mechanical properties exhibited by LPBFed Ti6Al4V alloy. The interplay between microstructure and tensile response is unraveled by integrating experimental investigations with crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. The acquired empirical data with CPFE model predictions are harmonized through systematic tensile tests along distinct processing orientations. The results unveil the genesis of plastic anisotropy within the LPBFed Ti6Al4V alloy, ascribed to the emergence of columnar grains meticulously aligned along the building direction, despite the intricate material microstructure inherent to additive manufacturing. These findings collectively furnish a holistic comprehension of the intricate nexus between material attributes and the mechanical manifestations intrinsic to metal components realized through additive manufacturing modalities.
Effects of Sinter-HIP Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of WC–12Co Produced Using Binder Jetting
Authors: Goncharov Ivan , Mariani Marco , De Gaudenzi Gian Pietro , Popovich Anatoliy , Lecis Nora , Vedani Maurizio
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the influence of different sinter-HIP temperatures and binder saturation levels on the microstructure and properties of WC–12Co cemented carbide, produced using binder jetting. The sinter-HIP process was performed at 1400 °C, 1460 °C, and 1500 °C and binder saturation levels of 60% and 75% were selected during printing. The binder saturation proved to affect the repeatability of the manufacturing process and the sturdiness of the green models. The increase of the sintering temperature from 1400 °C to 1460 °C is correlated with an increase in the density. Nonetheless, a further raise in temperature to 1500 °C leads to significant grain coarsening without clear advantages in terms of porosity reduction. Both the transverse rupture strength and Vickers hardness increase when the sinter-HIP temperature rises from 1400 °C to 1460 °C, where the typical results for traditionally manufactured WC–12Co are met, with a comparable grain size. The transverse rupture strength and Vickers hardness then decrease for samples treated at 1500 °C. Finally, potential issues in the manufacturing process are identified and correlated with the defects in the final components.
Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of the Sucrose Synthase and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Gene Family in Potatoes
Authors: Hu Jun , Duan Yanfeng , Hu Jinxue , Zhang Shuqing , Li Guangcun
Published: January 2024

Sucrose synthase (SUS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) are essential in plant sucrose metabolism. The potato is an important crop worldwide, but systematic analyses of the StSUS and StSPS gene families in potatoes are still lacking. Ten sucrose metabolism-related genes were identified in this study. The SUSs and SPSs could each be split into three subgroups through phylogenetic analysis. StSUSIc was the most highly expressed gene in different developmental tissues. Ka/Ks analysis showed that StSUSIb and StSUSIc were subjected to more-significant homozygous selection pressure. Our cis-acting element analysis of the StSUS and StSPS promoter sequences showed four elements: defense- and stress-responsive, hormone-responsive, light-responsive, and transcription factor elements. The expression of StSUS and StSPS genes was found to be regulated by circadian rhythm. In the treatments of 1% to 5% sucrose, glucose, and fructose, the expression of StSUS and StSPS family genes was enhanced by sucrose, but inhibited at high-glucose and fructose concentrations. This study identified six StSUS and four StSPS genes and analyzed their gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosome position, promoter elements, phylogenetic tree, and tissue-specific expression patterns. Our results will motivate more research into the biological process underlying the genes of sucrose metabolism in potatoes.
Environment, Endocrine Disruptors, and Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction (MASLD)
Authors: Mosca Antonella , Manco Melania , Braghini Maria Rita , Cianfarani Stefano , Maggiore Giuseppe , Alisi Anna , Vania Andrea
Published: January 2024

Ecological theories suggest that environmental factors significantly influence obesity risk and related syndemic morbidities, including metabolically abnormal obesity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MASLD). These factors encompass anthropogenic influences and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), synergistically interacting to induce metabolic discrepancies, notably in early life, and disrupt metabolic processes in adulthood. This review focuses on endocrine disruptors affecting a child’s MASLD risk, independent of their role as obesogens and thus regardless of their impact on adipogenesis. The liver plays a pivotal role in metabolic and detoxification processes, where various lipophilic endocrine-disrupting molecules accumulate in fatty liver parenchyma, exacerbating inflammation and functioning as new anthropogenics that perpetuate chronic low-grade inflammation, especially insulin resistance, crucial in the pathogenesis of MASLD.
Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Inflammatory Response Induced by LPS in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Garcia Bruna Ruschel Ewald Vega , Makiyama Edson Naoto , Sampaio Geni Rodrigues , Soares-Freitas Rosana Aparecida Manólio , Bonvini Andrea , Amaral Andressa Godoy , Bordin Silvana , Fock Ricardo Ambrósio , Rogero Marcelo Macedo
Published: January 2024

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential for maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity. However, only a few studies have explored the role of BCAA in the modulation of intestinal inflammation. In this study, we investigated in vitro effects of BCAA on the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL) in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were assigned to six groups: control without BCAA (CTL0), normal BCAA (CTL; 0.8 mM leucine, 0.8 mM isoleucine, and 0.8 mM valine); leucine (LEU; 2 mM leucine), isoleucine (ISO; 2 mM isoleucine), valine (VAL; 2 mM valine), and high BCAA (LIV; 2 mM leucine, 2 mM isoleucine, and 2 mM valine). BCAA was added to the culture medium 24 h before LPS stimulation. Our results indicated that BCAA supplementation did not impair cell viability. The amino acids leucine and isoleucine attenuated the synthesis of IL-8 and JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation induced by LPS. Furthermore, neither BCAA supplementation nor LPS treatment modulated the activity of glutathione peroxidase or the intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Therefore, leucine and isoleucine exert anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS by modulating JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation and IL-8 production. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these findings and gather valuable information for potential therapeutic or dietary interventions.
The Kidney–Gut Axis as a Novel Target for Nutritional Intervention to Counteract Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Cabała Sandra , Ożgo Małgorzata , Herosimczyk Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

A well-balanced diet is integral for overall health, aiding in managing key risk factors for kidney damage like hypertension while supplying necessary precursors for metabolite production. Dietary choices directly influence the composition and metabolic patterns of the gut microbiota, showing promise as therapeutic tools for addressing various health conditions, including chronic kidney diseases (CKD). CKD pathogenesis involves a decline in the glomerular filtration rate and the retention of nitrogen waste, fostering gut dysbiosis and the excessive production of bacterial metabolites. These metabolites act as uremic toxins, contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling in the kidneys. Dietary interventions hold significance in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially slowing CKD progression. Functional ingredients, nutrients, and nephroprotective phytoconstituents could modulate inflammatory pathways or impact the gut mucosa. The “gut–kidney axis” underscores the impact of gut microbes and their metabolites on health and disease, with dysbiosis serving as a triggering event in several diseases, including CKD. This review provides a comprehensive overview, focusing on the gut–liver axis, and explores well-established bioactive substances as well as specific, less-known nutraceuticals showing promise in supporting kidney health and positively influencing CKD progression.
Novel Bidirectional Output Ytterbium-Doped High Power Fiber Lasers: From Continuous to Quasi-Continuous
Authors: Zeng Lingfa , Ding Xinyi , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Xiaolin , Ye Yun , Wu Hanshuo , Wang Peng , Xi Xiaoming , Zhang Hanwei , Shi Chen , Xi Fengjie , Xu Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

Traditional ytterbium-doped high-power fiber lasers generally use a unidirectional output structure. To reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the fiber laser, we propose a bidirectional output fiber laser (BOFL). The BOFL has many advantages over that of the traditional unidirectional output fiber laser (UOFL) and has a wide application in the industrial field. In theory, the model of the BOFL is established, and a comparison of the nonlinear effect in the traditional UOFL and the BOFL is studied. Experimentally, high-power continuous wave (CW) and quasi-continuous wave (QCW) BOFLs are demonstrated. In the continuous laser, we first combine the BOFL with the oscillating amplifying integrated structure, and a near-single-mode bidirectional 2 × 4 kW output with a total power of above 8 kW is demonstrated. Then, with the simple BOFL, a CW bidirectional 2 × 5 kW output with a total power of above 10 kW is demonstrated. By means of pump source modulation, a QCW BOFL is developed, and the output of a near-single mode QCW laser with a peak output of 2 × 4.5 kW with a total peak power of more than 9 kW is realized. Both CW and QCW output BOFL are the highest powers reported at present.
Preparation and Characterization of Multielement Composite Oxide Nanomaterials Containing Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis
Authors: Li Qingyun , Wang Zihua , Wang Xuezhong
Published: January 2024

The synthesis of multielement composite oxide nanomaterials containing Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb was investigated using a micro confined jet mixer reactor operated in continuous mode under supercritical water conditions. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. All samples exhibited a uniform particle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. An analysis of the d-spacing results using selected electron area diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed the production of cubic-phase crystals. A BET test was employed to determine the specific surface area of the prepared nanoparticles. OSC and TPR techniques were utilized to characterize the oxygen storage capacity and reduction performance of the obtained samples, with an analysis conducted to determine how the different proportions of elements affected the performance of multielement mixed oxides. The ionic conductivity of multielement composite oxide was measured using alternating current impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the impact of Y, Ce, and Yb on the electrolyte material’s ionic conductivity was analyzed.
Integrated Microfluidic Chip Technology for Copper Ion Detection Using an All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode
Authors: Zhang Wenpin , Wang Shuangquan , Kang Dugang , Xiong Zhi , Huang Yong , Ma Lin , Liu Yun , Zhao Wei , Chen Shouliang , Xu Yi
Published: January 2024

This study involved the preparation of an all-solid-state ion-selective electrode (ASS-ISE) with copper and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) conversion layer through electrode deposition. The morphology of the PEDOT/PSS film was characterized, and the performance of the copper ion-selective film was optimized. Additionally, a microfluidic chip for the ASS-ISE with copper was designed and prepared. An integrated microfluidic chip test system with an ASS-ISE was developed using a self-constructed potential detection device. The accuracy of the system was validated through comparison testing with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The experimental findings indicate that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the integrated ASS-ISE with the copper microfluidic chip test system is 4.54%, as compared to the industry standard method. This value complies with the stipulated requirement of an RSD ≤ 5% in DL/T 955-2016.
Interface Hardness Analysis of between IN625 and CoCrMo Manufactured by Pulsed Wave Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Hoo Zhiong Sheng , Xiao Zhongmin , Yao Liming , Jing Bozhong , Jin Chuanjie , Tang Chao
Published: January 2024

The nuclear and petrochemical industries often require multi-metal parts that are corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, and possess high strength to enhance equipment safety and reduce downtime. Additive manufacturing technology enables the rapid and flexible processing of multi-metal parts to meet these stringent demands. This study is aimed at investigating the interface hardness between CoCrMo/IN625 to determine optimal processing parameters that can be utilized in manufacturing reliable and durable multi-metal parts. The result indicates that when the volumetric energy density, Ev, is at or below 20 J/mm3, microfluidic forces are unable to sufficiently diffuse between the two metals, leading to insufficient diffusion, and the high hardness CoCrMo acts as a support, resulting in a significantly higher interface hardness. As Ev increases, intense recoil pressure within the microfluidic forces disrupts the melt pool, allowing for full diffusion between the two metals. The fully diffused high-hardness CoCrMo has been diluted by the low-hardness IN625, thus reducing the interface hardness. Considering the interface hardness, strength, and printing efficiency (time and energy consumption), we recommend a range of 35 J/mm3 < Ev ≤ 75 J/mm3. In this range, the average values for interface hardness and tensile strength of the samples are approximately 382 HV and 903 MPa, respectively.
Novel Knowledge of Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by Azithromycin Exposure
Authors: Oishi Tomohiro , Hattori Nemu , Yoshioka Daisuke
Published: January 2024

The rise of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP), marked by point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, poses a growing global concern since its initial detection in 2001. The prominence of the A2063G mutation during this emergence remains unexplained. This study aimed to clarify the possibility of detecting MRMP from recent clinical macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae through exposure to azithromycin (AZM), which has a long half-life and was launched immediately before the first MRMP detection. Six strains isolated from Japanese children in 2019 and reference strain (FH), all belonging to the recent dominant P1 genotype, two, or two subtype, were cultivated in a medium containing slightly higher concentrations than the originated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AZM and underwent sequencing if they grew. Four out of the seven strains grew after exposure to AZM, and C2617G and C2617A were detected, with no mutation in two strains. After another cultivation and sequencing, two of four strains grew, one was changed from C2617G to A2063G, and the other remained C2617A. The MIC of AZM in A2063G strains was 128 mg/mL; for C2617A, it was 0.0156 mg/mL. This is the first study to detect the strains with A2063G mutation from recent macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae using AZM exposure.
Using Manganese Oxidizing Fungi to Recover Metals from Electronic Waste
Authors: Doydora Sarah A. , Baars Oliver , Cubeta Marc A. , Duckworth Owen W.
Published: January 2024

Discarded electronic materials (e-waste) contain economically valuable metals that can be hazardous to people and the environment. Current e-waste recycling approaches involve either energy-intensive smelting or bioleaching processes that capture metals in their dissolved forms. Our study aimed to use Mn oxidizing fungi for recovering metals from e-waste that could potentially transform recycled metals directly into solid forms. We hypothesized that Mn oxidizing fungi can extract metals through chelation by siderophores and subsequent metal (or metal-chelate) adsorption to Mn oxides produced by fungi. Pure cultures of the three fungal species examined were grown on solidified Leptothrix medium with or without ground lithium ion batteries and incubated under ambient room temperature. The results showed Mn and Co were recovered at the highest concentrations of 8.45% and 1.75%, respectively, when grown with Paraconiothyrium brasiliensis, whereas the greatest concentration of Cu was extracted by Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa at 20.6% per weight of e-waste-derived metals. Although metal-siderophore complexes were detected in the fungal growth medium, metal speciation data suggested that these complexes only occurred with Fe. This observation suggests that reactions other than complexation with siderophores likely solubilized e-waste metals. Elemental mapping, particularly of P. brasiliensis structures, showed a close association between Mn and Co, suggesting potential adsorption or (co)precipitation of these two metals near fungal mycelium. These findings provide experimental evidence for the potential use of Mn oxidizing fungi in recycling and transforming e-waste metals into solid biominerals. However, optimizing fungal growth conditions with e-waste is needed to improve the efficiency of metal recovery.
Insights in the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties and Characterization Methodology of Perlites
Authors: Angelopoulos Panagiotis M.
Published: January 2024

Perlite is a volcanic glass that, under thermal treatment, expands, producing a highly porous and lightweight granular material which finds application in the construction, horticulture, insulation and other industrial sectors. Proper control of the feed properties and the expansion conditions allows the production of purpose-oriented grades, while the primary evaluation of its appropriateness for use in each sector is performed by the proper characterization of relevant physical, thermal or/and mechanical properties. However, due to its extreme fineness, low density, and friability, most of the available characterization methods either fail in testing or provide erroneous results, while for certain properties of interest, a method is still missing. As a consequence, the way towards the evaluation of the material is rife with uncertainties, while a well-defined methodology for the characterization of the critical properties is of practical importance towards the establishment of a pathway for its proper analysis and assessment. This article presents the available methodology for determining the main properties of interest, i.e., the size and density, water repellency/absorption and oil absorption, the microstructural composition, crushing and abrasion resistance and isostatic crushing strength, and also sampling and size reduction processes. The issues raised by the application of existing methods are analyzed and discussed, ending up to a proper methodology for the characterization of each property, based on the long-term experience of the Perlite Institute. The study is supplemented by updated insights on ore genesis, physicochemical properties, mineralogical composition and the expansion mechanism, as background information for the sufficient comprehension of the nature and properties of perlite.
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Early Permian Intermediate–Felsic Rocks in the Southern Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints
Authors: Li Runwu , Su Shangguo , Sun Huiyi , Liu Ruibin , Xia Yutian
Published: January 2024

Permian intermediate–felsic igneous rocks, widely distributed in the southern Beishan orogen, provide crucial constraints on the geodynamic process of the late Paleozoic Paleo-Asian Ocean. New zircon U–Pb dating using LA–ICP–MS determines the age of the northern Qingshan diorites, the Heishantou quartz diorites, and the southern Qingshan biotite granodiorites at 300 Ma, 294 Ma, and 291–286 Ma, respectively. Their whole-rock compositions exhibit arc-like geochemical features. Moreover, their zircon trace elements show the characteristics of continental arc zircons. The diorites, characterized by low SiO2, high MgO with Mg# (50–52), and low Cr, Co, and Ni, display enrichment in Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7060 to 0.7061; ℇNd(t) = −1.4 to −1.7; ℇHf(t) = −4.7 to −0.6), originating from the fractionation process of magma derived from the enriched mantle. The quartz diorites show moderate SiO2 and variable MgO (2.75–3.84 wt%) and exhibit enrichment in Sr-Nd (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7048–0.7050; ℇNd(t) = −1.5–+0.9) and depletion in zircon Hf isotopes (ℇHf(t) = 3.8 to 7.8). Combined with their high Y (20.0–21.0 ppm) and low (La/Yb)N (6.0 to 17.2), we conclude that they originated from the juvenile lower crust previously influenced by oceanic sediments, with the input of enriched mantle-derived materials. The biotite granodiorites display low A/CNK (0.91–0.97), 10000*Ga/Al (1.8–1.9), and Ti-in-zircon temperatures (average 711 °C), indicating that they are I-type granitoids. These rocks show enrichment in Sr-Nd isotopes (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7054 to 0.7061; ℇNd(t) = −2.0 to −1.6) and many variable zircon Hf isotopes (ℇHf(t) = −2.3 to +4.5). Geochemical studies indicate that they originate from the mixing of magmas derived from the enriched mantle and preexisting juvenile lower crust. All these data imply the existence of oceanic subduction in southern Beishan during the early Permian. Integrating these results with previous studies, it is inferred that the retreating subduction of the Liuyuan Ocean contributed to early Permian intermediate–felsic rocks becoming widespread in the Shibanshan unit, the southernmost part of the Beishan orogen, and also why the Paleo-Asian Ocean in southern Beishan did not close during the early Permian.
Experimental Study of Lithium Extraction in the Solid-Liquid Conversion of Low-Grade Solid Potash Ore
Authors: Cui Zihao , Zhao Yanjun , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Jingjing , Hu Yufei , Hu Shengzhong , Wang Qiang
Published: January 2024

There are considerable reserves of low-grade solid potash resources in the shallow part of Mahai Salt Lake in the Qaidam Basin, and the lithium brine resources resulting from solid–liquid conversion and mining are quite abundant. The comprehensive utilization of these resources is an important and urgent problem. In this study, to fully utilize these resources, the shallow low-grade solid potash ore in Mahai Salt Lake was used for systematic simulated ore dissolution experiments, combined with geochemical and X-ray diffraction analyses. The following key results were obtained: (1) Most Li+ in the Mahai mining area was deposited on the soluble salt minerals in silt or clay, and the appropriate concentration of solvent can help to dissolve more Li+ and K+; (2) the saturation time of Li+ was longer than that of K+. Therefore, the dissolution time for the mine can be appropriately extended during the production process to dissolve more Li+; (3) the solid–liquid conversion aqueous solution mining method can separate the lithium part of clay deposits and is associated with salt rock in the brine, which is a potential lithium resource. These experimental results provide a theoretical basis for salt pan production.
Comparative Studies of Extracts Obtained from Brassica oleracea L. Plants at Different Stages of Growth by Isolation and Determination of Isothiocyanates: An Assessment of Chemopreventive Properties of Broccoli
Authors: Ligor Magdalena , Szultka-Młyńska Małgorzata , Rafińska Katarzyna , Cwudzińska Agata
Published: January 2024

The main goal of this work was to develop analytical procedures for the isolation and determination of selected isothiocyanates. As an example, particularly sulforaphane from plants of the Brassicaceae Burnett or Cruciferae Juss family. The applied methodology was mainly based on classical extraction methods and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the release of isothiocyanates from plant cells was considered. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained plant extracts against a selected cancer cell line has also been included. The results allow evaluating the usefulness of obtained plant extracts and raw sprouts regarding their content of isothiocyanates—bioactive compounds with chemopreventive properties.
Microcrystalline Luminescent (Eu1-xLnx)2bdc3·nH2O (Ln = La, Gd, Lu) Antenna MOFs: Effect of Dopant Content on Structure, Particle Morphology, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Kolesnik Stefaniia S. , Bogachev Nikita A. , Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Orlov Sergey N. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N. , González Gema , Skripkin Mikhail Yu. , Mereshchenko Andrey S.
Published: January 2024

In this work, three series of micro-sized heterometallic europium-containing terephthalate MOFs, (Eu1-xLnx)2bdc3·nH2O (Ln = La, Gd, Lu), are synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted method in an aqueous medium. La3+ and Gd3+-doped terephthalates are isostructural to Eu2bdc3·4H2O. Lu3+-doped compounds are isostructural to Eu2bdc3·4H2O with Lu contents lower than 95 at.%. The compounds that are isostructural to Lu2bdc3·2.5H2O are formed at higher Lu3+ concentrations for the (Eu1-xLux)2bdc3·nH2O series. All materials consist of micrometer-sized particles. The particle shape is determined by the crystalline phase. All the synthesized samples demonstrate an “antenna” effect: a bright-red emission corresponding to the 5D0-7FJ transitions of Eu3+ ions is observed upon 310 nm excitation into the singlet electronic excited state of terephthalate ions. The fine structure of the emission spectra is determined by the crystalline phase due to the different local symmetries of the Eu3+ ions in the different kinds of crystalline structures. The photoluminescence quantum yield and 5D0 excited state lifetime of Eu3+ are equal to 11 ± 2% and 0.44 ± 0.01 ms, respectively, for the Ln2bdc3·4H2O structures. For the (Eu1-xLux)2bdc3·2.5H2O compounds, significant increases in the photoluminescence quantum yield and 5D0 excited state lifetime of Eu3+ are observed, reaching 23% and 1.62 ms, respectively.