bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties in the national inventory of methane emissions from rice
cultivation: field measurements and modeling approaches
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Tingting , Sun Wenjuan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Uncertainties in national inventories originate from a variety of sources, including methodological failures, errors and insufficiency of supporting data. In this study, we analyzed these sources and their contribution to uncertainty in the national inventory of rice paddy methane emissions in China and compared the differences in the approaches used (e.g., direct measurements, simple regressions and more complicated models). For the 495 field measurements we collected from the scientific literature, the area-weighted 95 % CI ranged from 13.7 to 1115.4 kg CH4 ha−1, and the histogram distribution of the measurements agreed well with parameterized gamma distributions. For the models, we compared the performance of methods of different complexity (i.e., the CH4MOD model, representing a complicated method, and two less complex statistical regression models) to evaluate the uncertainties associated with model performance as well as the quality and accessibility of the regional datasets. Comparisons revealed that the CH4MOD model performed better than the comparatively simple regression models only when sufficient input data for the model were available, with the regression equations performing better otherwise. As simulated by CH4MOD, methane fluxes varied from 17.2 kg CH4 ha−1 to 708.3 kg CH4 ha−1, covering 63 % of the range of the field measurements. When applying the modeling approach to the 10 km × 10 km gridded dataset of the model input variables, within-grid variations were found to represent 81.2 %–95.5 % of the modeled mean fluxes. Moreover, up-scaling the grid estimates to the national inventory resulted in the models contributing 56.6 % of the total uncertainty, with the remaining 43.4 % being attributed to errors and the scarcity of the spatial datasets of the model inputs. Our analysis reveals the dilemma between model performance and data availability when using a modeling approach: a model with better performance may help in reducing uncertainty caused by model fallacy but increases the uncertainty caused by data scarcity, as greater levels of input are needed to improve performance. Reducing the total uncertainty in the national methane inventory depends both on a better understanding of the complexity of the mechanisms of methane emission and the spatial correlations of the factors that influence methane emissions from rice paddies.
Predictors of Fear Related to Childbirth among Iranian Primigravidae
Authors: Matinnia Nasrin , Abdul Rahman Hejar , Ibrahim Faisal , Ghaleiha Amin , Akhtari-Zavare Mehrnoosh , Jahangard Leila , Ghaleiha Ali
Published: July 2016

Fears related Pregnancy-and childbirth are common psychological concerns and the main reasons for requesting cesarean section (CS). The current study aimed at describing the association between fear of childbirth and social, demographic and psychological factors and examines the predictors of maternal fear in a 342 healthy primigravidae women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. In this cross-sectional study, the participants (n=342 primigravidae) was randomly selected in 12 health care centers in Iran. The data was obtained by valid and reliable self-administered questionnaires that included questions on socio-demographic, psychological characteristics (self esteem, perceived stress, quality of marital relationship, perceived social support), fear related to childbirth and childbirth and analyzed by SPSS19. All primigravidae reported some degree of fear, i.e., 48.2% presented severe fear, and 62.6% requested a CS because of childbirth-related fear. Age, employment, level of education and medical insurance were associated with fear related to childbirth, as well as plan of pregnancy, self esteem and perceived stress. In combination, HBM subscales and the psychosocial factors accounted for a significant 68% of the variability in fear related to childbirth, R2=0.68, adjusted R2=0.67, F(12, 326)=69.4, p<0.001. Fears related to pregnancy and childbirth was frequently experienced by all low-risk primigravidae. Better strategies to address women’s psychological needs during pregnancy are necessary.
Mathematical Formulation of Laminated Composite Thick Conical Shells
Authors: Zannon Mohammad , Alrabaiah Hussam
Published: July 2016

The mathematical formulationof thick conical shells using third order shear deformation of thick shell theory are presented. The equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. For present analysis, we consider shell's system transverse normal stress, rotary inertia and shear deformation.
Spatial Dependence in State Renewable Policy: Effects of Renewable Portfolio Standards on Renewable Generation within NERC Regions
Authors: Bowen Eric , Lacombe Donald J.
Published: July 2016

While several studies have examined the effect of renewable portfolio standard laws on renewable generation in states, previous literature has not assessed the potential for spatial dependence in these policies. Using recent spatial panel meth- ods, this paper estimates a number of econometric models to examine the impact of RPS policies when spatial autocorrelation is taken into account. Consistent with previous literature, we find that RPS laws do not have a significant impact on renewable generation within a state. However, we find evidence that state RPS laws have a significant positive impact on the share of renewable generation in the NERC region as a whole. These findings provide evidence that electricity markets are efficiently finding the lowest-cost locations to serve renewable load in states with more stringent RPS laws. In addition, our results suggest that RPS laws may be more effective tools for environmental policy than for economic development.
Data Protection by Design als argument in het FBI vs. Apple-debat
Authors: Cuijpers C. , van Schendel S.
Published: July 2016

Data Protection by Design as an argument in the FBI vs. Apple debate

Adhering to a strict interpretation, Data Protection by Design (DPbD) can conflict with the needs of law enforcement in their fight against terrorism and criminality. An illustration of this tension can be found in the case of FBI vs. Apple, where the FBI wants Apple to help bypass security on an iPhone in order to gain access to data. The FBI needs the help of Apple – or third parties – to get such access, for which they might need to create new legal mandates. However, private parties like Apple, may want to design their products in such a way that evading and breaking the security of the system is not possible, as consumers demand secure and privacy friendly devices. This article adds to this debate by posing DPbD as an argument in favor of private parties not to cooperate in making their products less secure and less privacy friendly. This argument is especially relevant when a similar case unfolds in the EU under the new regime of the General Data Protection Regulation in which DPbD is explicitly embedded.
Politie en beeldtechnologie: gebruik, opbrengsten en uitdagingen
Authors: Flight S.
Published: July 2016

Police and video technology

The Dutch National Police deploys video technology, for instance body-worn video camera (bodycams), drones, helicopters with cameras, and mobile units for surveillance. Four types of video technology are discussed: CCTV, bodycams, smart cameras and automatic number plate recognition (ANPR). These four types will be the most prominent applications of visual technology in the coming years, according to ‘Vision on sensing’, published in 2015 by the National Police. The potential benefits of video images for prosecution and in the courtroom are discussed in a separate paragraph, followed by a survey of recent changes in the laws regulating this technology.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Fipronil, Chlorfenapyr, and Pyriproxyfen in Insecticide Formulations
Authors: Hafeez Anum , Tawab Iffat Abdul , Iqbal Sajid
Published: July 2016

In this study, the analytical method development and validation of an HPLC assay for simultaneous determination of fipronil, chlorfenapyr, and pyriproxyfen in formulation products is described. On the basis of solubility and chromatographic separation with good resolution, acetonitrile–water (80 + 20) was selected as the mobile phase in isocratic mode with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Chromatographic separations were performed on a Beckman C18 analytical column (4.6 mm × 15 cm, 5 μm particle size; Musa Jee & Sons, Karachi, Pakistan). The retention times for fipronil, chlorfenapyr, and pyriproxyfen were 3.70, 8.61 and 10.09 min, respectively. Calibration curves of all studied insecticides were linear in the concentration range of 20 to 800 μg/mL, with R2 > 0.997. The LODs of fipronil, chlorfenapyr, and pyriproxyfen were 15.1, 13.3, and 20.0 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the LOQs were 45.9, 40.3, and 60.6 μg/mL. Interday precision was RSD, % <2 for all formulation types, whereas intraday precision was <3. The accuracy of the proposed method was determined by interlaboratory comparison. The z-score for all formulation results were <2.The proposed method is low-cost, green, accurate, and precise and can suitably be used for the simultaneous quantitative determination of fipronil, chlorfenapyr, and pyriproxyfen in their formulations.
Informação e comunicação regional na programação da televisão educativa de Blumenau
Authors: Bona Rafael Jose
Published: July 2016

Analisou-se a programação de uma televisão educativa catarinense, a FURB TV, da cidade de Blumenau. Os programas foram analisados a partir da grade de programação exibida durante o ano de 2013. Com os resultados alcançados foi possível identificar as peculiaridades dos programas apresentados em que destacam-se a informação e a comunicação regional.La información y la comunicación en la pr ogramación regional de la televisión educativa BlumenauRESUMEN: Se analizó la programación de la televisión educativa de la ciudad de Blumenau, en el estado de Santa Catarina (FURB TV). Los programas que fueron estudiados corresponden a la parrilla de programación que fue pasada durante el año 2013. Con los resultados obtenidos ha sido posible identificar las peculiaridades de los programas presentados donde podemos destacar la información y la comunicación regional.Palabras clave: Comunicación; Televisión educativa; Programación.Information and regional communication in education television pr ogramming at BlumenauABSTRACT: It was analyzed a programming of an educational television in Santa Catarina, known as FURB TV, from Blumenau city. The programming was analyzed by the program schedule displayed during the year 2013. With the results achieved has been possible to identify the programs peculiarities presented in which it stands out the information and regional communication.Keywords: Communication; Educational Television; Programming.
Televisão pública e direitos humanos. Uma análise da programação da TV Brasil e seu papel na difusão e na promoção do debate afirmativo sobre a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos.
Authors: Do Nascimento Júnior Waldelio Pinheiro
Published: July 2016

A mídia hegemônica relega ao segundo plano o diálogo com as ações afirmativas, minorias identitárias e direitos humanos. Por outro lado, a televisão pública desponta como ambiente propício para promover a valorização e o respeito à diversidade. Nos últimos anos, a TV Brasil produziu e veiculou programas voltados à temática, alguns dos quais são objetos de análise deste estudo, cujo intuito é analisar o papel da tevê pública na formação cidadã em direitos humanos.La televisión pública y los derechos humanos: Un anlisis de la programación de TV Brasil y su papel en la difusión y promoción del debate afirmativo en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Hu manosResumen: Los medios de comunicación relegan a un segundo plano el diálogo con la acción afirmativa, las minorías de identidad y los derechos humanos. Por otra parte, la televisión pública se está convirtiendo en el medio propicio para promover la apreciación y el respeto por la diversidad. En los últimos años, la TV Brasil produjo y transmitió programas destinados a tema, algunos de los cuales son objeto de análisis de este estudio, cuyo objetivo es analizar el papel de la televisión pública en la formación de la ciudadanía e los derechos humanos.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos; Televisión Pública; Ciudadanía; Diversidad; Minorías.Public television and human rights: An analysis of the programming of TV Brazil and its acting in the dissemination and promotion of affirmative discussion on the Universal Declaration of Hu man RightsAbstract: The mainstream media relegates to the background the dialogue with affirmative action, identity minorities and human rights. On the other hand, public television is emerging as environment conducive to promoting the appreciation and respect for diversity. In recent years, the TV Brazil produced and aired programs aimed issue, some of which are objects of analysis of this study, which aims to analyze the acting of public TV in civic education on human rights.Keywords: Human Rights; Public Television; Citizenship; Diversity; Minorities.
A segunda tela e as conversações nas redes sociais - Análise do comportamento das TVs públicas de Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira Soraya , Norton Isabela
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Queremos entender como se dá a dinâmica dos processos comunicacionais e de fluição por parte das emissoras públicas e dos seus usuários. Através de análises (em 2014 e 2016) interpretamos como as TVs públicas “Rede Minas” e “TV Assembleia MG” têm incorporado e qualificado os cidadãos e como a recepção tem respondido a esses apelos através das redes sociais.Palavras chave: Convergência; Televisão Pública; Redes Sociais; Segunda telaSegunda panta ta lla y conversa cio nes en las re des so cia les : El análisis del comporta orta mie nto de las TVs públicas de Mi nas GeraisResumen: Deseamos entender cómo es la dinámica de los procesos de comunicación y su flujo por estaciones públicas y sus usuarios; señalando a las interfaces creadas en el uso de la segunda pantalla. Los dispositivos móviles estimulan la acción para el análisis y el diálogo en este contexto de la convergencia y interacción entre televisión e internet las estaciones no pueden desconsiderar la presencia simultánea del telespectador en web.Palabras clave: convergencia; La televisión pública; redes sociales; segunda pantallaSecond scree n and conversatio ersatio ns in net wor ks: Be havior analysis of public TVs of Mi nasGeraisAbstract: We want to understand how is the dynamics of communication processes and flow by public broadcasters and their users. Through analysis (in 2014 and 2016) we interpret how the public “Rede Minas” and “TV Assembleia MG” have built and qualified citizens and how the reception has responded to these calls through social networks.Keywords: Convergence; Public Television; social networks; second screen
Human Endomyocardial Biopsy Specimen-Derived Stromal Cells Modulate Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Miteva Kapka , Van Linthout Sophie , Pappritz Kathleen , Müller Irene , Spillmann Frank , Haag Marion , Stachelscheid Harald , Ringe Jochen , Sittinger Michael , Tschöpe Carsten
Published: July 2016

Cardiac-derived adherent proliferating cells (CardAPs) are cells derived from human endomyocardial biopsy specimens; they share several properties with mesenchymal stromal cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether intramyocardial injection of CardAPs modulates cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in a mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced systolic heart failure and to analyze underlying mechanisms. Intramyocardial application of 200,000 CardAPs improved left ventricular function. This was paralleled by a decline in left ventricular remodeling, as indicated by a reduction in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. CardAPs reduced the ratio of the left ventricle to body weight and cardiac myosin expression (heavy chain), and decreased the Ang II-induced phosphorylation state of the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mediators Akt, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1, and ERK2. In accordance with the antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects of CardAPs shown in vivo, CardAP supplementation with cardiac fibroblasts decreased the Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species production, α-SMA expression, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen production. Coculture of CardAPs with HL-1 cardiomyocytes downregulated the Ang II-induced expression of myosin in HL-1. All antifibrotic and antihypertrophic features of CardAPs were mediated in a nitric oxide- and interleukin (IL)-10-dependent manner. Moreover, CardAPs induced a systemic immunomodulation, as indicated by a decrease in the activity of splenic mononuclear cells and an increase in splenic CD4CD25FoxP3, CD4-IL-10, and CD8-IL-10 T-regulatory cells in Ang II mice. Concomitantly, splenocytes from Ang II CardAPs mice induced less collagen in fibroblasts compared with splenocytes from Ang II mice. We conclude that CardAPs improve Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling involving antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects via paracrine actions and immunomodulatory properties.

Significance

Despite effective pharmacological treatment with angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists or angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitors, morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure are still substantial, prompting the search of novel therapeutic strategies. There is accumulating evidence supporting the use of cell therapy for cardiac repair. This study demonstrates that cells derived from human endomyocardial biopsies, cardiac-derived adherent proliferating cells (CardAPs), have the potential to reduce angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling and improve left ventricular function in angiotensin II mice. The mechanism involves antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects via paracrine actions and immunomodulatory properties. These findings support the potential of CardAPs for the treatment of heart failure.
Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Induce Histologic Changes in Injured Urethral Sphincter
Authors: Li Yanhui , Wen Yan , Wang Zhe , Wei Yi , Wani Prachi , Green Morgaine , Swaminathan Ganesh , Ramamurthi Anand , Pera Renee Reijo , Chen Bertha
Published: July 2016

Data suggest that myoblasts from various sources, including bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, can restore muscle function in patients with urinary incontinence. Animal data have indicated that these progenitor cells exert mostly a paracrine effect on the native tissues rather than cell regeneration. Limited knowledge is available on the in vivo effect of human stem cells or muscle progenitors on injured muscles. We examined in vivo integration of smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). pSMCs were derived from a human embryonic stem cell line (H9-ESCs) and two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. pSMCs were injected periurethrally into urethral injury rat models (2 × 106 cells per rat) or intramuscularly into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Histologic and quantitative image analysis revealed that the urethras in pSMC-treated rats contained abundant elastic fibers and thicker muscle layers compared with the control rats. Western blot confirmed increased elastin/collagen III content in the urethra and bladder of the H9-pSMC-treated rats compared with controls. iPSC-pSMC treatment also showed similar trends in elastin and collagen III. Human elastin gene expression was not detectable in rodent tissues, suggesting that the extracellular matrix synthesis resulted from the native rodent tissues rather than from the implanted human cells. Immunofluorescence staining and in vivo bioluminescence imaging confirmed long-term engraftment of pSMCs into the host urethra and the persistence of the smooth muscle phenotype. Taken together, the data suggest that hPSC-derived pSMCs facilitate restoration of urethral sphincter function by direct smooth muscle cell regeneration and by inducing native tissue elastin/collagen III remodeling.

Significance

The present study provides evidence that a pure population of human smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) (human embryonic stem cells and patient induced pluripotent stem cells) restores urethral sphincter function by two mechanisms: modulation of extracellular matrix protein metabolism in vivo and pSMC proliferation and differentiation into smooth muscle cells to regenerate the muscle layer in the lower urinary tract. These findings on the in vivo effects of human pSMCs should aid in optimizing regenerative therapies using human myoblasts.
Protect your System from Cyberattacks!
Authors: Campbell Cliff
Published: July 2016

Cyberattacks are a prime threat to businesses and critical infrastructure in the United States. Fortunately, low‐cost solutions are available to help water utilities add security to water and wastewater plants.
Health on a Cloud: Modeling Digital Flows in an E-health Ecosystem
Authors: Stephanie Felix Lena , Sharma Ravi S.
Published: July 2016

A unified and well-knit e-health network is one that provides a common platform to its key stakeholders to facilitate a sharing of information with a view to promoting cooperation and maximizing benefits. A promising candidate worthy of being considered for this ponderous job is the emerging ‘cloud technology’ with its offer of computing as a utility, which seems well-suited to foster such a network bringing together diverse players who would otherwise remain fragmented and be unable to reap benefits that accrue from cooperation. The e-health network serves to provide added value to its various stakeholders through syndication, aggregation and distribution of this health information, thereby reducing costs and improving efficiencies. Because such a network is in fact an interconnected ‘network of networks’ that delivers a product or service through both competition and cooperation, it can be thought of as a business ecosystem. . This study attempts to model the digital information flows in an e-health ecosystem and analyze the resulting strategic implications for the key players for whom the rules of the game are bound to change given their interdependent added-values. The ADVISOR framework is deployed to examine the values created and captured in the ecosystem. Based on this analysis, some critical questions that must be addressed as necessary preconditions for an e-Health Cloud, are derived. The paper concludes with the conjecture that “collaboration for value” will replace “competition for revenue” as the new axiom in the health care business that could ideally usher in a fair, efficient and sustainable ecosystem.
Multicriteria Model for the Choice of Best Battery Provider
Authors: Carnero María Carmen , López Ana Belén
Published: July 2016

The choice of suppliers is a matter of great importance in organizations. The cost, quality and delivery time provided to customers may depend to a large extent on this decision. This paper, therefore, describes a model applicable to a real organization, using multicriteria decision techniques to choose the best supplier of batteries. In order to establish concordance and discordance thresholds the values provided by the decision-maker of the company will be compared with those obtained by the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Both valuations of the thresholds will be applied in the ELECTRE II technique.
Tissue damage drives co-localization of NF-κB, Smad3, and Nrf2 to direct Rev-erb sensitive wound repair in mouse macrophages
Authors: Eichenfield Dawn Z , Troutman Ty Dale , Link Verena M , Lam Michael T , Cho Han , Gosselin David , Spann Nathanael J , Lesch Hanna P , Tao Jenhan , Muto Jun , Gallo Richard L , Evans Ronald M , Glass Christopher K
Published: July 2016

Although macrophages can be polarized to distinct phenotypes in vitro with individual ligands, in vivo they encounter multiple signals that control their varied functions in homeostasis, immunity, and disease. Here, we identify roles of Rev-erb nuclear receptors in regulating responses of mouse macrophages to complex tissue damage signals and wound repair. Rather than reinforcing a specific program of macrophage polarization, Rev-erbs repress subsets of genes that are activated by TLR ligands, IL4, TGFβ, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). Unexpectedly, a complex damage signal promotes co-localization of NF-κB, Smad3, and Nrf2 at Rev-erb-sensitive enhancers and drives expression of genes characteristic of multiple polarization states in the same cells. Rev-erb-sensitive enhancers thereby integrate multiple damage-activated signaling pathways to promote a wound repair phenotype.
Different promoter affinities account for specificity in MYC-dependent gene regulation
Authors: Lorenzin Francesca , Benary Uwe , Baluapuri Apoorva , Walz Susanne , Jung Lisa Anna , von Eyss Björn , Kisker Caroline , Wolf Jana , Eilers Martin , Wolf Elmar
Published: July 2016

Enhanced expression of the MYC transcription factor is observed in the majority of tumors. Two seemingly conflicting models have been proposed for its function: one proposes that MYC enhances expression of all genes, while the other model suggests gene-specific regulation. Here, we have explored the hypothesis that specific gene expression profiles arise since promoters differ in affinity for MYC and high-affinity promoters are fully occupied by physiological levels of MYC. We determined cellular MYC levels and used RNA- and ChIP-sequencing to correlate promoter occupancy with gene expression at different concentrations of MYC. Mathematical modeling showed that binding affinities for interactions of MYC with DNA and with core promoter-bound factors, such as WDR5, are sufficient to explain promoter occupancies observed in vivo. Importantly, promoter affinity stratifies different biological processes that are regulated by MYC, explaining why tumor-specific MYC levels induce specific gene expression programs and alter defined biological properties of cells.
Investigation of the giant step bunching induced by the etching of 4H-SiC in Ar–H2 mix gases
Authors: Ishida Yuuki , Yoshida Sadafumi
Published: July 2016

We have investigated the etching of 4H-SiC by H2 and the occurrence of giant step bunching (GSB) on SiC surfaces in an Ar–H2 gas system. In this paper, we propose a new method of determining the rate-limiting process under a certain etching condition and a new chemical kinetics model of SiC etching at the mass transfer limit in the Ar–H2 gas system. Using the new determination method, we have found that GSB occurs only at the mass transfer limit. Combining the new chemical kinetics model with the cluster effect model of the GSB occurrence mechanism, we have derived the theoretical boundary line for the temperature dependence of H2 concentration on GSB occurrence and shown the good agreement between the theoretical boundary line and the line derived from experimental results.
Plasmonic lens for ultraviolet wavelength
Authors: Takeda Minoru , Tanimoto Takuya , Inoue Tsutomu , Aizawa Kento
Published: July 2016

A plasmonic lens (PL) is one of the promising photonic devices utilizing the surface plasmon wave. In this study, we have newly developed a PL with a 3.5 µm diameter for a wavelength of 375 nm (ultraviolet region). It is composed of multiple circular slit apertures milled in aluminum (Al) thin film. We have simulated the electric field distribution of the PL, and confirmed that a tightly focused beam spot of subwavelength size in the far-field region was attained. We have also measured the focusing characteristics of the PL using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and compared them with the calculated results.
Desarrollo andino: sustentable y con identidad
Authors: Guerrero Jiménez Bernardo
Published: July 2016

El concepto del desarrollo ocupa buena parte de la agenda de los Estados y los gobiernos en América Latina. Sin embargo, esta idea esconde algunos supuestos que en este artículo discutimos. El desarrollo y su vinculación a la identidad cultural, al territorio, contraviene la idea hegemónica que anima a este concepto nacido en Occidente. Analizamos el itinerario en América Latina y lo ubicamos en el Norte Grande de Chile, enfatizando las ideas centrales desde los años sesenta adelante del siglo XX. Finalizamos argumentando a favor del llamado posdesarrollo.
DNA G‐quadruplexes show strong interaction with DNA methyltransferases in vitro
Authors: Cree Simone L. , Fredericks Rayleen , Miller Allison , Pearce F. Grant , Filichev Vyacheslav , Fee Conan , Kennedy Martin A.
Published: July 2016

The DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs) catalyzing cytosine methylation do so at specific locations of the genome, although with some level of redundancy. The de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and 3B play a vital role in methylating the genome of the developing embryo in regions devoid of methylation marks. The ability of DNMTs to colocalize at sites of DNA damage is suggestive that recognition of mispaired bases and unusual structures is inherent to the function of these proteins. We provide evidence for G‐quadruplex formation within imprinted gene promoters, and report high‐affinity binding of recombinant human DNMTs to such DNA G‐quadruplexes in vitro. These observations suggest a potential interaction of G‐quadruplexes with the DNA methylation machinery, which may be of epigenetic and biological significance.
Hochauflösende NMR‐spektroskopische Bestimmung der dynamischen Struktur von Membranproteinen
Authors: Jaremko Mariusz , Jaremko Łukasz , Villinger Saskia , Schmidt Christian D. , Griesinger Christian , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: July 2016

15N‐Spinrelaxationsraten können wichtige Informationen über Fernstruktur und interne Bewegungen von Membranproteinen bereitstellen. Kombiniert mit einem verbesserten Berechnungsprotokoll offenbart die mittels Relaxationsraten abgeleitete Struktur des 283 Reste umfassenden humanen spannungsabhängigen Anionenkanals ein anisotrop geformtes Fass mit einer fest verankerten N‐terminalen Helix. Diese Arbeit eröffnet somit einen NMR‐spektroskopischen Ansatz, um die Struktur und Dynamik von Membranproteinen der Säugetiere mit hoher Exaktheit und Auflösung zu bestimmen.
A Cyclized Helix‐Loop‐Helix Peptide as a Molecular Scaffold for the Design of Inhibitors of Intracellular Protein–Protein Interactions by Epitope and Arginine Grafting
Authors: Fujiwara Daisuke , Kitada Hidekazu , Oguri Masahiro , Nishihara Toshio , Michigami Masataka , Shiraishi Kazunori , Yuba Eiji , Nakase Ikuhiko , Im Haeri , Cho Sunhee , Joung Jong Young , Kodama Seiji , Kono Kenji , Ham Sihyun , Fujii Ikuo
Published: July 2016

The design of inhibitors of intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs) remains a challenge in chemical biology and drug discovery. We propose a cyclized helix‐loop‐helix (cHLH) peptide as a scaffold for generating cell‐permeable PPI inhibitors through bifunctional grafting: epitope grafting to provide binding activity, and arginine grafting to endow cell‐permeability. To inhibit p53–HDM2 interactions, the p53 epitope was grafted onto the C‐terminal helix and six Arg residues were grafted onto another helix. The designed peptide cHLHp53‐R showed high inhibitory activity for this interaction, and computational analysis suggested a binding mode for HDM2. Confocal microscopy of cells treated with fluorescently labeled cHLHp53‐R revealed cell membrane penetration and cytosolic localization. The peptide inhibited the growth of HCT116 and LnCap cancer cells. This strategy of bifunctional grafting onto a well‐structured peptide scaffold could facilitate the generation of inhibitors for intracellular PPIs.
Ansätze zur Synthese Trifluormethoxy‐substituierter Verbindungen
Authors: Tlili Anis , Toulgoat Fabien , Billard Thierry
Published: July 2016

Aufgrund der einzigartigen Eigenschaften der Trifluormethoxygruppe finden Moleküle, die diesen Baustein enthalten, in verschiedenen Bereichen Anwendung, besonders in den Biowissenschaften. Obwohl also an dieser funktionellen Gruppe ein großes Interesse besteht, ist gegenwärtig nur eine geringe Anzahl an trifluormethoxylierten Molekülen präparativ zugänglich. In den letzten Jahren sind mehrere innovative und vielversprechende Strategien für die Synthese von trifluormethoxylierten Verbindungen beschrieben worden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden diese Methoden diskutiert, mit einem Fokus auf aktuelleren Fortschritten.
Engineering of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Crystals by Alloying Large Organic Cations for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Transport Properties
Authors: Peng Wei , Miao Xiaohe , Adinolfi Valerio , Alarousu Erkki , El Tall Omar , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Zhao Chao , Walters Grant , Liu Jiakai , Ouellette Olivier , Pan Jun , Murali Banavoth , Sargent Edward H. , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M.
Published: July 2016

The number of studies on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites has soared in recent years. However, the majority of hybrid perovskites under investigation are based on a limited number of organic cations of suitable sizes, such as methylammonium and formamidinium. These small cations easily fit into the perovskite's three‐dimensional (3D) lead halide framework to produce semiconductors with excellent charge transport properties. Until now, larger cations, such as ethylammonium, have been found to form 2D crystals with lead halide. Here we show for the first time that ethylammonium can in fact be incorporated coordinately with methylammonium in the lattice of a 3D perovskite thanks to a balance of opposite lattice distortion strains. This inclusion results in higher crystal symmetry, improved material stability, and markedly enhanced charge carrier lifetime. This crystal engineering strategy of balancing opposite lattice distortion effects vastly increases the number of potential choices of organic cations for 3D perovskites, opening up new degrees of freedom to tailor their optoelectronic and environmental properties.
Zelluläre Mikroskopie der Poly(ADP‐Ribos)ylierung von Proteinen in Echtzeit
Authors: Buntz Annette , Wallrodt Sarah , Gwosch Eva , Schmalz Michael , Beneke Sascha , Ferrando‐May Elisa , Marx Andreas , Zumbusch Andreas
Published: July 2016

Poly(ADP‐Ribos)ylierung (PARylierung) ist eine wichtige posttranslationale Proteinmodifikation, die in grundlegende zelluläre Prozesse wie Genregulation und DNA‐Reparatur involviert ist. Ihre Fehlregulierung wurde mit verschiedenen Krankheiten wie Krebs in Verbindung gebracht. Trotz größter Wichtigkeit gibt es nur wenige Methoden, um PARylierung und ihre Dynamik in Zellen zu beobachten. Mittels einer chemisch‐biologischen Herangehensweise entwickelten wir ein fluoreszierendes NAD+‐Analogon, das sich als kompetitiver Baustein für die PARylierung von Proteinen in vitro und in Zellen erwies. Dies ermöglichte uns, den Umsatz von PAR direkt und in lebenden Zellen nach DNA‐Schädigung durch NIR‐Mikrobestrahlung zu verfolgen. Zusätzlich wurden mithilfe von FLIM‐FRET‐Mikroskopie kovalente und nichtkovalente Interaktionen von PAR mit ausgewählten Proteinen sichtbar gemacht. Unsere Ergebnisse eröffnen neue Chancen für die schnelle zelluläre Untersuchung der Protein‐PARylierung in Echtzeit und werden somit zu einem besseren Verständnis und höherer Aussagekraft im zellulären Kontext beitragen.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanofibers: Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution without Cocatalysts
Authors: Han Qing , Wang Bing , Gao Jian , Qu Liangti
Published: July 2016

An interconnected framework of mesoporous graphitic‐C3N4 nanofibers merged with in situ incorporated nitrogen‐rich carbon has been prepared. The unique composition and structure of the nanofibers as well as strong coupling between the components endow them with efficient light‐harvesting properties, improved charged separation, and a multidimensional electron transport path that enhance the performance of hydrogen production. The as‐obtained catalyst exhibits an extremely high hydrogen‐evolution rate of 16885 μmol h−1 g−1, and a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 14.3 % at 420 nm without any cocatalysts, which is much higher than most reported g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts even in the presence of Pt‐based cocatalysts.
Isolation and Characterization, Including by X‐ray Crystallography, of Contact and Solvent‐Separated Ion Pairs of Silenyl Lithium Species
Authors: Pinchuk Daniel , Mathew Jomon , Kaushansky Alexander , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak
Published: July 2016

Reaction of bromoacylsilane 1 (pink solution) with tBu2MeSiLi (3.5 equiv) in a 4:1 hexane:THF solvent mixture at −78 °C to room temperature yields the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) of silenyl lithium E‐[(tBuMe2Si)(tBu2MeSi)C=Si(SiMetBu2)]− [Li⋅4THF]+ 2 a (green–blue solution). Removal of the solvent and addition of benzene converts 2 a into the corresponding contact ion pair (CIP) 2 b (violet–red solution) with two THF molecules bonded to the lithium atom. The 2 a⇌2 b interconversion is reversible upon THF⇌ benzene solvent change. Both 2 a and 2 b were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The degree of dissociation of the Si−Li bond has a large effect on the visible spectrum (and thus color) and on the silenylic 29Si NMR chemical shift, but a small effect on the molecular structure. This is the first report of the X‐ray molecular structure of both the SSIP and the CIP of any R2E=E′RM species (E=C, Si; E′=C, Si; M=metal).
From Cluster to Polymer: Ligand Cone Angle Controlled Syntheses and Structures of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes
Authors: Chang Xiao‐Yong , Low Kam‐Hung , Wang Juan‐Yu , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: July 2016

Copper(I) alkynyl complexes have attracted tremendous attention in structural studies, as luminescent materials, and in catalysis, and homoleptic complexes have been reported to form polymers or large clusters. Herein, six unprecedented structures of CuI alkynyl complexes and a procedure to measure the cone angles of alkynyl ligands based on the crystal structures of these complexes are reported. An increase of the alkynyl cone angle in the complexes leads to a modulation of the structures from polymeric [((PhC≡CC≡C)Cu)2(NH3)]∞, to a large cluster [(TripC≡CC≡C)Cu]20(MeCN)4, to a relatively small cluster [(TripC≡C)Cu]8 (Trip=2,4,6‐iPr3‐C6H2). The complexes exhibit yellow‐to‐red phosphorescence at ambient temperature in the solid state and the luminescence behavior of the Cu20 cluster is sensitive to acetonitrile.
A Bispidine Iron(IV)–Oxo Complex in the Entatic State
Authors: Comba Peter , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Koke Carsten , Martin Bodo , Löhr Anna‐Maria , Straub Johannes
Published: July 2016

For a series of FeIV=O complexes with tetra‐ and pentadentate bispidine ligands, the correlation of their redox potentials with reactivity, involving a variety of substrates for alkane hydroxylation (HAT), alkene epoxidation, and phosphine and thioether oxidation (OAT) are reported. The redox potentials span approximately 350 mV and the reaction rates over 8 orders of magnitude. From the experimental data and in comparison with published studies it emerges that electron transfer and the driving force are of major importance, and this is also supported by the DFT‐based computational analysis. The striking difference of reactivity of two isomeric systems with pentadentate bispidines is found to be due to a destabilization of the S=1 ground state of one of the ferryl isomers, and this is supported by the experimentally determined redox potentials and published stability constants with a series of first‐row transition metal ions with these two isomeric ligands.
Synthesis of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) by distillation precipitation polymerization and quantitative grafting on mesoporous silica
Authors: Jadhav Sushilkumar A. , Brunella Valentina , Miletto Ivana , Berlier Gloria , Scalarone Dominique
Published: July 2016

In this work, syntheses of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with different molecular weights were carried out in ethanol by distillation precipitation polymerization (DPP) technique. The synthesized polymers were fully characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography techniques. The lower critical solution temperatures of the polymers were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. A simple and versatile method for the in situ synthesis and grafting of PNIPAM on mesoporus silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with improved control over quantitative grafting is devised. The PNIPAM grafted MSNs were characterized with ATR‐FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analyses. From the results obtained it is showed that quantitative grafting of PNIPAM on MSNs from 1 to 20% by weight can be tuned by manipulating the in situ DPP reaction conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44181.
Causes of excessive late death after trauma compared with a matched control cohort
Authors: Eriksson M , Brattström O , Larsson E , Oldner A
Published: July 2016

Background

Studies on mortality following trauma have been restricted mainly to in-hospital or 30-day death. Mortality risk may be sustained several years after trauma, but the causes of late death have not been elucidated. The aim was to investigate mortality and analyse causes of late death after trauma.

Methods

All injured patients from a regional trauma registry with long-term follow-up were matched in a 1 : 5 ratio with uninjured controls by age, sex and municipality. By linkage to national registries, long-term mortality, causes of death and co-morbidity status were identified. Excess mortality was examined by calculating the all-cause mortality rate ratio (MRR).

Results

Among the trauma cohort of 7382 patients, 662 (9·0 per cent) died within 3 years after the index trauma; the 30-day mortality rate was 5·0 per cent. Compared with the control group (36 759 individuals), there was a sustained increase in mortality up to 3 years after trauma; the MRR was 2·88 (95 per cent c.i. 2·37 to 3·50) for days 31–365, 1·59 (1·24 to 2·04) for years 1–2 and 1·43 (1·06 to 1·92) for years 2–3. External causes, including new trauma, were far more common causes of late death in injured patients than in matched controls.

Conclusion

Postinjury mortality is increased for several years after trauma. Excess mortality is largely attributed to recurrent trauma and other external causes of death.
Characterization of the T‐cell receptor beta chain repertoire in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Nakanishi Katsumi , Kukita Yoji , Segawa Hidenobu , Inoue Norimitsu , Ohue Masayuki , Kato Kikuya
Published: July 2016

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are direct effectors of tumor immunity, and their characterization is important for further development of immunotherapy. Recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies have enabled a comprehensive analysis of T‐cell receptor (TCR) complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences, which may provide information of therapeutic importance. We developed a high‐fidelity target sequencing method with the ability for absolute quantitation, and performed large‐scale sequencing of TCR beta chain (TCRB) CDR3 regions in TILs and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The estimated TCRB repertoire sizes of PBLs from four healthy individuals and TILs from four colorectal cancer tissue samples were 608,664–1,003,098 and 90,228–223,757, respectively. The usage of J‐ and V‐regions was similar in PBLs and TILs. Proportions of CDR3 amino acid (aa) sequences occupying more than 0.01% of the total molecular population were 0.33–0.43% in PBLs and 1.3–3.6% in TILs. Additional low coverage sequencing of 15 samples identified five CDR3 aa sequences that were shared by nine patients, one sequence shared by 10 patients, and one sequence shared by 12 patients. The estimated size of the TCRB repertoire in TILs was significantly smaller than that in PBLs. The proportion of abundant species (>0.01%) in TILs was larger than that in PBLs. Shared CDR3 aa sequences represent a response to common antigens, and the identification of such CDR3 sequences may be beneficial in developing clinical biomarkers.
Transcatheter valve implantation for right atrium‐to‐right ventricle conduit obstruction or regurgitation after modified Björk–fontan procedure
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , Horlick Eric M. , Eicken Andreas , Asnes Jeremy D. , Bocks Martin L. , Boudjemline Younes , Cabalka Allison K. , Fagan Thomas E. , Schubert Stephan , Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Dvir Danny , Osten Mark , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: July 2016

Background

The most common reason for reintervention after a Björk modification of the Fontan procedure, in which the right ventricle (RV) is incorporated into the pulmonary circulation by connecting the right atrial (RA) appendage to the RV directly or with an extra‐anatomic graft, is obstruction or regurgitation of the RA–RV connection. Transcatheter implantation of a valved stent is an appealing option for the treatment of RA–RV conduit dysfunction in these patients. In the present study, we assessed early and intermediate results after transcatheter valve implantation within an obstructed or regurgitant RA–RV modified Fontan pathway.

Methods

Through a retrospective multicenter registry, we collected data from 16 patients with a modified Fontan circulation who were treated with percutaneous Melody or Sapien valve implantation for dysfunction of an extra‐anatomic RA–RV conduit or valve.

Results

All patients had successful and uncomplicated implantation of a Melody (n = 15) or Sapien 3 (n = 1) valve with hemodynamic and, in most cases, clinical improvement. During a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, 3 patients died of cardiovascular causes unrelated to the procedure or the valve, and no major valve dysfunction was observed.

Conclusion

Percutaneous transcatheter valve deployment to treat a dysfunctional RA–RV connection after a Björk modification of the Fontan procedure is a viable alternative to surgery, with low procedural risk, and appears to offer good early and intermediate results.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalyst‐Controlled Selectivity in the Synthesis of C2‐ and C3‐Sulfonate Esters from Quinoline N‐Oxides and Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Ying Beibei , Xu Jun , Zhu Xiaolei , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: July 2016

The first example of the catalyst‐controlled selective synthesis of C2‐ and C3‐sulfonate‐ester‐substituted quinolines was developed by employing LaCl3 and chitosan@CuI catalysts, respectively. This protocol provides an expeditious route to an important class of quinoline derivatives frequently found in many biologically active compounds and features good practicality, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In addition, the easily recoverable chitosan@copper catalysts can be recycled five times without significant loss of catalytic performance.