bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) R47H Variant Causes Distinct Age- and Sex-Dependent Musculoskeletal Alterations in Mice
Authors: Essex Alyson L. , Huot Joshua R. , Deosthale Padmini , Wagner Alison , Figueras Jorge , Davis Azaria , Damrath John , Pin Fabrizio , Wallace Joseph , Bonetto Andrea , Plotkin Lilian I.
Published: May 2022

Previous studies proposed the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor expressed in myeloid cells including microglia in brain and osteoclasts in bone, as a link between brain and bone disease. The TREM2 R47H variant is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. To investigate whether altered TREM2 signaling could contribute to bone and skeletal muscle loss, independently of central nervous system defects, we used mice globally hemizygous for the TREM2 R47H variant (TREM2R47H/+), which do not exhibit AD pathology, and wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. Dxa/Piximus showed bone loss in female TREM2R47H/+ animals between 4 and 13 months of age and reduced cancellous and cortical bone (measured by micro-computed tomography [μCT]) at 13 months, which stalled out by 20 months of age. In addition, they exhibited decreased femoral biomechanical properties measured by three-point bending at 13 months of age, but not at 4 or 20 months. Male TREM2R47H/+ animals had decreased trabecular bone geometry but increased ultimate strain and failure force at 20 months of age versus WT. Only male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts differentiated more ex vivo after 7 days with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) compared to WT littermates. Yet, estrogen receptor alpha expression was higher in female and male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts compared to WT mice. However, female TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts expressed less complement 3 (C3), an estrogen responsive element, and increased protein kinase B (Akt) activity, suggesting altered estrogen signaling in TREM2R47H/+ cells. Despite lower bone volume/strength in TREM2R47H/+ mice, skeletal muscle function measured by plantar flexion and muscle contractility was increased in 13-month-old female mutant mice. Overall, these data demonstrate that an AD-associated TREM2 variant can alter bone and skeletal muscle strength in a sex-dimorphic manner independent of central neuropathology, potentially mediated through changes in osteoclastic intracellular signaling. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
CMTM6 and CMTM7: New leads for PD‐L1 regulation in breast cancer cells undergoing EMT
Authors: Xiao Malina , Duhem Caroline , Chammout Anwar , Berchem Guy , Janji Bassam
Published: May 2022

Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression has long been used as a biomarker to stratify patients with cancer who will benefit from anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy. However, the use of PD‐L1 as a biomarker to guide treatment decisions has recently been called into question due to its dynamic and heterogeneous expression within each tumor and among different tumors as well as during tumor cell plasticity. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of PD‐L1 expression would enable delineating its value as a reliable biomarker in the clinic. Here, we provide our perspective on the involvement of CMTM6 and CMTM7 as new lead candidates for the regulation of PD‐L1 in breast tumors undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
An update on the existence of Kirkman triple systems with steiner triple systems as subdesigns
Authors: Dukes Peter J. , Lamken Esther R.
Published: May 2022

A Kirkman triple system of order , KTS, is a resolvable Steiner triple system on elements. In this paper, we investigate an open problem posed by Doug Stinson, namely the existence of KTS which contain as a subdesign a Steiner triple system of order , an STS. We present several different constructions for designs of this form. As a consequence, we completely settle the extremal case , for which a list of possible exceptions had remained for close to 30 years. Our new constructions also provide the first infinite classes for the more general problem. We reduce the other maximal case to (at present) three possible exceptions. In addition, we obtain results for other cases of the form and also near . Our primary method introduces a new type of Kirkman frame which contains group divisible design subsystems. These subsystems can occur with different configurations, and we use two different varieties in our constructions.
Hsa_circ_0001982 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and multidrug resistance of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Lin Bochuan , Nan Jing , Lu Kai , Zong Yi , Fan Wencan
Published: May 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer mostly seen in people aged 10–25 years. This research aims to clarify the function of hsa_circ_0001982 in osteosarcoma (OS) and its effect on drug resistance, preliminarily exploring its mechanism.

Methods

The expression of hsa_circ_0001982 and miR‐143 in OS clinical tissues and cells was detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), MTT, colony formation assay, and transwell assay assessed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, respectively. The targeted relationship of hsa_circ_0001982 and miR‐143 was verified by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay.

Result

The expression of hsa_circ_0001982 was significantly increased in OS tissues and cells (MG63), as in well as chemoresistant OS tissues and cells (MG63/Dox). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001982 promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and multidrug resistance in MG63 cells. By contrast, knockdown of hsa_circ_0001982 markedly reduced the resistance of MG63/Dox cells to doxorubicin (IC50 evidently reduced). Bioinformatic prediction showed that miR‐143 was a target miRNA of hsa_circ_0001982, and a dual‐luciferase reporter assay proved this. Further experiments revealed that miR‐143 expression was notably downregulated in OS tissues, chemoresistant OS tissues, and MG63/Dox cells. Moreover, miR‐143 was negatively correlated with hsa_circ_0001982 in OS cells and tissues.

Conclusion

The regulation of malignant behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and multidrug resistance of OS cells by hsa_circ_0001982 may be achieved by targeting miR‐143. Moreover, hsa_circ_0001982 is a potential target for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of OS.
Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea: A retrospective study
Authors: Fang Yifei , Su Jiao , Zhao Chunling , Meng Yang , Wei Beilei , Zhang Binglu , Huang Yuyang , Dai Liping , Ouyang Songyun
Published: May 2022

Background

Due to the significant role of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are very common in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Nontraditional lipid indices are considered to be a better predictive index for cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and the severity of OSA is not clear.

Methods

A retrospective study was proceeded on 635 patients. Subjects were diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography (PSG). The association between severe OSA and nontraditional lipid profiles [triglyceride (TG)/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio, total cholesterol (TC)/HDL‐C ratio, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)/HDL‐C ratio, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), atherogenic index (AI), and lipoprotein combine index (LCI)] was examined by utilizing the restricted cubic spline and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

All nontraditional lipid indices had positive relationships with the severity of OSA. By multivariable adjustment, the per SD increment of the TG/HDL‐C, TC/ HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, AI, and LCI were significantly associated with 88%, 50%, 42%, 40%, 50%, and 125% higher risk for severe OSA respectively. Compared with the lowest tertiles, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 2.42 (1.57–3.75), 2.39 (1.53–3.73), 2.35 (1.52–3.64), 1.86 (1.21–2.86), 2.39 (1.53–3.73), and 2.23 (1.43–3.48) for the top tertiles of TG/HDL‐C, TC/ HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, AI, and LCI respectively.

Conclusion

All nontraditional lipid indices had positive relationship with the severity of OSA. In addition, TG/HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, and AI had better performance than the other nontraditional lipid indices for predicting severe OSA. These findings could help to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve the dyslipidemia management of OSA patients.
Extension of the Alternative Intravenous Dosing Regimens of Atezolizumab into Combination Settings through Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Liu Stephanie N. , Marchand Mathilde , Liu Xiaoyan , Ingle Gladys , Maiya Vidya , Graupner Vilma , Elze Markus C. , Chan Phyllis , Hsu Joy C. , Lin Alyse , Vadhavkar Shweta , Wu Benjamin , Bruno Rene
Published: May 2022

Atezolizumab is approved as an intravenous (IV) infusion for use as a single agent and in combination with other therapies in a number of indications. The objectives of this publication are to characterize atezolizumab pharmacokinetics (PK) across indications with the available clinical data from one phase I and eight phase III studies, to determine the exposure–response (ER) relationships in combination settings across a variety of tumor types, and to provide the clinical safety to support the extension of the 840 mg q2w, 1200 mg q3w, and 1680 mg q4w IV dosing regimens across various indications in combination settings. Across all clinical studies, atezolizumab PK remained in the dose‐linear range and were similar across tumor types when used in combination therapy or as a monotherapy. In the combination studies, efficacy was independent of the exposures tested and there was no significant increase in adverse events with increasing atezolizumab exposure (flat ER). The safety profile of atezolizumab in the individual combination studies was generally consistent with the established safety profile of atezolizumab, the combination partners, and the disease under study. The similar atezolizumab PK across monotherapy and combination therapy settings as well as the flat ER in new tumor types and combination therapies support the use of the 3 interchangeable atezolizumab dosing regimens in the combination setting. Atezolizumab is now approved with 3 interchangeable IV dosing regimens of 840 mg q2w, 1200 mg q3w, and 1680 mg q4w for single‐agent and combination therapy use in the USA and EU.
In silico analysis of mutations near S1/S2 cleavage site in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein reveals increased propensity of glycosylation in Omicron strain
Authors: Beaudoin Christopher A. , Pandurangan Arun P. , Kim So Yeon , Hamaia Samir W. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Blundell Tom L. , Vedithi Sundeep Chaitanya , Jackson Antony P.
Published: May 2022

Cleavage of the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein has been demonstrated to contribute to viral‐cell fusion and syncytia formation. Studies have shown that variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) show differing membrane fusion capacity. Mutations near cleavage motifs, such as the S1/S2 and S2' sites, may alter interactions with host proteases and, thus, the potential for fusion. The biochemical basis for the differences in interactions with host proteases for the VOC/VOI spike proteins has not yet been explored. Using sequence and structure‐based bioinformatics, mutations near the VOC/VOI spike protein cleavage sites were inspected for their structural effects. All mutations found at the S1/S2 sites were predicted to increase affinity to the furin protease but not TMPRSS2. Mutations at the spike residue P681 in several strains, such P681R in the Delta strain, resulted in the disruption of a proline‐directed kinase phosphorylation motif at the S1/S2 site, which may lessen the impact of phosphorylation for these variants. However, the unique N679K mutation in the Omicron strain was found to increase the propensity for O‐linked glycosylation at the S1/S2 cleavage site, which may prevent recognition by proteases. Such glycosylation in the Omicron strain may hinder entry at the cell surface and, thus, decrease syncytia formation and induce cell entry through the endocytic pathway as has been shown in previous studies. Further experimental work is needed to confirm the effect of mutations and posttranslational modifications on SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein cleavage sites.
Identifying the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones using the Himawari‐8 satellite and their impacts in the Philippines
Authors: Tierra Maria Czarina M. , Bagtasa Gerry
Published: May 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) that undergo rapid intensification (RI), defined as the upper 95th percentile increase of TC maximum winds in a 24‐hr period, are likely to pose a bigger threat to affected countries in the western North Pacific (WNP). In the Philippines, of the 522 TCs that made landfall from 1951 to 2020, 146 TCs (28%) underwent RI. The majority (82%) of these RI TCs made landfall with at least typhoon intensity, in contrast, only 12% of landfalling non‐RI TCs were typhoons. As the region in the WNP basin where most TC RI occurs (bounded by 123°–140°E and 10°–20°N) is located just to the east of the Philippines, TC RI is typically followed by landfall in the Philippines, many of which do so at their peak intensity. Consequently, results suggest that TCs undergoing RI have a larger impact on the country. Comparison of socioeconomic data between landfalling RI and non‐RI TCs showed that the former tend to have larger impacts in terms of population affected and number of deaths. Hence, determining TC RI at its onset can aid in the early warning of impending TC intensification. In this study, we explored the use of infrared brightness temperature (Bt) satellite data in the identification of TC RI onset. The 10.4 μm window band of the Himawari‐8 satellite was used to measure the amount of active convection that typically occurs before or during the onset of TC RI. RI onset is determined if 100% of pixels within a 50 km radius from the TC centre have Bt ≤225 K. Assessment of satellite Bt data that fit this set of criteria followed by 25 and 35 kt RI in the next 24 hr have positive Pierce skill scores of 0.47 and 0.48, respectively, false alarm ratio of 0.13–0.20, and probability of false detection of 0.02–0.03.
Comparisons of changes in compound dry and hot events in China based on different drought indicators
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hao Zengchao , Feng Sifang , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua
Published: May 2022

Compound dry and hot events or extremes (CDHEs) may cause more severe impacts on natural and human systems than individual extremes and have received increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies on variations of CDHEs in China mainly focused on individual characteristics based on single drought indicators, which falls short in characterizing the variability of CDHEs. This study assesses changes in multiple characteristics of CDHEs (i.e., frequency, duration, severity, magnitude, and timing) in China during summer from 1960 to 2017 based on different drought indicators, including Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Results show that CDHEs become more frequent, longer, severer, stronger, and earlier in most parts of mainland China. Specifically, the frequency, duration, and severity of CDHEs show significant increases in the area from northeastern to southwestern China, whereas certain decreases are found in eastern China, central China, and parts of northwestern China. Changes in characteristics of CDHEs with various drought indicators differ to some extent, especially in arid regions. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal changes in precipitation, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and sunshine duration are employed to explain changes in CDHEs. Our findings could be useful for assessing the changes in CDHEs to cope with climate extremes under global warming.
Diurnal temperature range variability driven by cloud cover and precipitation in Mongolian Plateau under global warming
Authors: Na Li , Na Risu , Bao Yulong , Zhang Jiquan , Bao Yuhai , Shan Yin
Published: May 2022

The diurnal temperature range (DTR) has significantly decreased in many land areas as a consequence of global warming. The DTR spatial distribution and future projections of spatiotemporal variations in the case of global warming levels at 1.5 and 2.0°C under the RCP4.5 emission scenario was investigated using datasets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU‐TS v.3.24.01) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in the Mongolian Plateau. And the main factors influencing DTR spatiotemporal variations were also evaluated using the Geo‐detector model at different time scales. The results showed that variations of the DTR significant decrease in snow‐winter dry‐warm summer climate region are higher than in other climate regions in spatial scale. As a result of the increasing rates of Tmin, which was more than double that of Tmax, the DTR decreased significantly on a temporal scale. In climate projections, the DTR was lower at global warming of 2.0°C (2037–2056) than 1.5°C (2017–2036). Precipitation was determined to be the predominant factor underlying the annual and seasonal (spring, summer, and autumn) DTR changes. Total cloud cover was the main factor in winter. Soil moisture was the key factor for the spatial variations in DTR in the warm and dry seasons. This study enhances the understanding of climate change in the Mongolian Plateau and provides a strong reference for other DTR variation studies in similar climates.
Is humanism the antidote? School counselor conversations disrupting the impact of systemic racism on college attendance
Authors: Grey Lorise D. , Vannest Jason L. , Vannest Rebecca J. , Smith Julia B.
Published: May 2022

School counselors may be integral in disrupting racial disparities in college attendance by increasing conversations about college using humanistic approaches. A covariate analysis of family income, family education, and math performance, of 14,520 Black and White students from 944 schools, revealed factors impacting conversations about college.
Putting the magnifying glass on minorities groups in entrepreneurship: What can we observe?
Authors: Sampaio Carlos , Farinha Luís , Sebastião João Renato , Fernandes António
Published: May 2022

Although entrepreneurship plays a critical role in fostering economic development, erasing inequality, and generating more balanced societies, a gap concerning the course, nature, and state‐of‐the‐art of minority entrepreneurship scientific literature need to be fulfilled. A hybrid methodology, combining bibliometric methods and topic models (latent Drichlet allocation) is used to perform a thematic analysis of the minority entrepreneurship research stream. The analysis provides insight into the most relevant research themes as well as further research agenda.
Carotid Blowout Syndrome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Management of Patients At Risk for CBS
Authors: Slijepcevic Allison A. , Roh Joseph , Pipkorn Patrik , Lipsey Kim , Bradley Joseph P.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is an acute, rare life‐threatening hemorrhage that occurs in patients with a history of head and neck cancer and radiation therapy.

The primary objective of this review was to identify risk factors and assess treatment and survival outcomes following CBS.

Methods

A systematic review of published literature was performed. Information including risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of CBS were collected.

Results

A total of 49 articles and 2220 patients were included in the systematic review. Risk factors for developing CBS included a history of radiation therapy, wound complications, and advanced tumor stage. The initial management of CBS included establishing a stable airway, gaining hemostasis, and repletion of blood loss. Endovascular and surgical procedures treat CBS with infrequent rates of rebleeding and periprocedural complications. Short‐term survival following treatment of CBS shows high survival rates when considering CBS‐related complications and underlying disease, however, long‐term survival related to the underlying disease demonstrated high mortality.

Conclusions

Identifying patients at risk for CBS enables practitioners to counsel patients on life‐saving interventions and expected outcomes following treatment of CBS. Treatment of CBS is associated with high short‐term survival, although long‐term survival related to underlying disease is low.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 133:576–587, 2023
Sustainable livelihood security of small farmers improved through a resilient farming system in thesemiaridregion of India
Authors: Ravisankar Natesan , Ansari Meraj A. , Shamim Mohammad , Prusty Ashisa K. , Singh Raghuveer , Panwar Azad S. , Dutta Debashis , Bhaskar Suryanarayana , Bindhu Jayasree S. , Sanjay Mothkur T. , Kaur Jashanjot , Varghese Cini , Dash Sukanta , Bhowmik Arpan , Bal Santanu K.
Published: May 2022

Improving the farming system to attain the household level self‐sufficiency, land utilization efficiency and sustainable livelihood security depends on better socio‐economic and ecological aspects of the systems practiced by the small farmers in the semiarid regions of India. The higher sustainable livelihood security index (SLSI) in the integrated crops‐livestock system helps to restore economic and ecological sustainability. The aim of this study was to analyze how various modules of farming in different combinations have interacted with the diversification of existing systems. We used the ecological security index (ESI), economic efficiency index (EEI), and social equity index (SEI) to produce a SLSI of improved integrated farming system (IFS) compared with benchmark farming in semiarid regions. In this study, different existing IFS comprising of seven modules (field crops, dairy, goats, poultry, horticulture, fishery, and apiary) in different combinations were examined. Results revealed that 72.5% farmers preferred to integrate two modules, where as 95% of farmers adopted field crops + dairy (FC + D) in preference to other modules. The sustainability indicators: ESI (+43.3%), EEI (+16.0%), SEI (+11.6%), and SLSI (+6.0%) were improved in the FC + D farming system to a greater degree than other IFS module combinations. Similarly, improved IFS interventions also increased sustainability indicators over benchmark farming. Based on large scale household studies over 5 years, our findings suggest that the improved IFS succeeded in providing a wider array of livelihood security than existing practices. Hence, the paradigm shift from component approach to an IFS‐based resilient system, which is economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable, is needed for development of semiarid regions.
Explanatory factors for efficiency in the use of social networking sites—The case of organic food products
Authors: Bernal‐Jurado Enrique , Mozas‐Moral Adoración , Fernández‐Uclés Domingo , Medina‐Viruel Miguel Jesús
Published: May 2022

In some markets, organic foods face problems such as consumer misinformation and confusion, high prices compared to conventional equivalents, or few points of sale. The answers to these problems include information and communication technologies, particularly social networking sites (SNS), given their potential for conveying information and connecting customers and suppliers at less cost. It would be useful to ascertain the psychology of social media use and which factors determine SNS efficiency among organic producers. This study of the efficiency of SNS use in two strategic sectors for Spain—olive oil and wine—used data envelopment analysis and, in a second stage, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to detect the contextual variables that explain the highest efficiency indices. The results showed that the more market‐oriented sector (wine) has a higher average efficiency of SNS use and pointed to the following explanatory factors: SNSs mentioned on corporate websites, number of employees, the manager's educational background, and length of SNS use.
An integrated chemical analysis and network pharmacology approach to identify quality markers of Actinidia eriantha Benth radix on gastric cancer
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Chen Yuanyuan , Qiu Jieying
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Actinidia eriantha Benth radix (AEBR) is one of the most commonly used medicines by the She people in China, used primarily for the treatment of tumours of the digestive tract. There is currently limited to no data on the quality control of AEBR.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify quality markers of AEBR.

Material and Methods

An ultra‐performance lquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) method was used to identify and analyse the components of AEBR from water extracts. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was also established for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in the water extracts. The network pharmacology method was used to screen for quality markers of AEBR in gastric cancer.

Results

This study tentatively identified 199 chemical constituents and isomers, including 67 pentacyclic triterpenoids, 20 flavonoids, 39 phenolic acids, 18 coumarins, and other compounds. The 13 active components in the water extracts were successfully determined using a validated UPLC–MS/MS method. Based on the network pharmacology method, four compounds were selected as quality markers of AEBR.

Conclusion

This study provides an important reference for the quality control of AEBR. Chemical analysis combined with network pharmacology provides an effective strategy for the discovery of quality markers in traditional Chinese/herb medicine.
A single center experience of prenatal parent‐fetus trio exome sequencing for pregnancies with congenital anomalies
Authors: Dufke Andreas , Hoopmann Markus , Waldmüller Stephan , Prodan Natalia Carmen , Beck‐Wödl Stefanie , Grasshoff Ute , Heinrich Tilman , Riess Angelika , Kehrer Martin , Falb Ruth J. , Liebmann Alexandra , Roggia Cristiana , Stampfer Miriam , Schadeck Malou , Müller Amelie J. , Grimmel Mona , Stöbe Petra , Gauck Darja , Buchert‐Lo Rebecca , Baumann Sarah , Schäferhoff Karin , Bertrand Miriam , Menden Benita , Sturm Marc , Schütz Leon , Riess Olaf , Ossowski Stephan , Haack Tobias B. , Kagan Karl Oliver
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To examine the diagnostic yield of trio exome sequencing in fetuses with multiple structural defects with no pathogenic findings in cytogenetic and microarray analyses.

Methods

We recruited 51 fetuses with two or more defects, non‐immune fetal hydrops or fetal akinesia deformation syndrome|or fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS). Trio exome sequencing was performed on DNA from chorionic villi samples and parental blood. Detection of genomic variation and prioritization of clinically relevant variants was performed according to in‐house standard operating procedures.

Results

Median maternal and gestational age was 32.0 years and 21.0 weeks, respectively. Forty‐three (84.3%) fetuses had two or more affected organ systems. The remaining fetuses had isolated fetal hydrops or FADS. In total, the exome analysis established the genetic cause for the clinical abnormalities in 22 (43.1%, 95% CI 29.4%–57.8%) pregnancies.

Conclusions

In fetuses with multiple defects, hydrops or FADS and normal standard genetic results, trio exome sequencing has the potential to identify genetic anomalies in more than 40% of cases.
A Delphi‐based approach to developing the contents of an online resource, Care Assist, for male caregivers of women with breast cancer
Authors: Goria Sandra , Girgis Afaf , Shaw Joanne , Przezdziecki Astrid , Levesque Janelle , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola ,   Care Assist Co‐Authorship Group
Published: May 2022

Objective

Informal male caregivers of women with breast cancer (BC) have significant psychological, emotional, and social burdens that are inadequately addressed by current face‐to‐face interventions. Online interventions overcome barriers that limit engagement with face‐to‐face interventions. This study aimed to develop the contents of Care Assist, an online supportive care resource for male caregivers of BC patients, through expert consensus.

Methods

A Delphi study comprising two survey rounds and an expert consultation was conducted. In Round 1, experts in BC care rated the importance of 25 content items. In Round 2, they re‐rated content items that failed to reach consensus (i.e. 80% agreement) in Round 1 or were newly developed. Free‐text responses were also collected. During expert consultation, the resource was reviewed and revised for clarity. Iterative refinement followed all rounds. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively, and qualitative data was analysed using content analysis.

Results

Twenty‐two experts participated and reached consensus on 96% of items, with 217 comments provided on: (a) the perceived benefits of Care Assist to caregivers and care recipients, (b) recommendations of newly suggested content items, wording, and use of external links, and (c) concerns regarding information overload and need for tailoring. The expert consultation comments focused on clarifying scope, wording, and information tailoring.

Conclusion

The rigorous Delphi process resulted in the content for a comprehensive online supportive care intervention for male caregivers. Information overload can be minimised through self‐identification of needs and utilisation of eHealth to personalise the resource for the heterogeneous male caregiver population.
Silica Supraparticles with Self‐Oscillatory Vertical Propulsion: Mechanism & Theoretical Description
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Ju , Sperling Marcel , Velev Orlin D. , Gradzielski Michael
Published: May 2022

A novel type of mm‐sized silica‐based self‐propelling supraparticles displaying buoyancy‐driven homogeneous vertical oscillatory motion using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as chemical fuel is presented. The supraparticles are prepared via a robust droplet templating technique by drying colloidal suspension droplets containing silica microspheres and catalytic Fe3O4@Pt decorated nanoparticles on a superhydrophobic Cu–Ag surface. Oxygen gas originating from Pt catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 is released and gathered onto the hydrophobic supraparticle surface. This causes buoyancy and uplift of the particle to the surface, where the oxygen bubble is released and the particle descents again, leading to an oscillating process in a very regular fashion. The mechanism of this process is characterized and analyzed here quantitatively by a balance of the gravitational and buoyant forces. The theoretical model of particle movement describes how the particle oscillation period depends on the H2O2 concentration. This novel type of self‐propelling particles could find potential applications in mixing and catalysis, especially due to the high regularity of their periodic movement.
Flexible and efficient Bayesian pharmacometrics modeling using Stan and Torsten, Part I
Authors: Margossian Charles C. , Zhang Yi , Gillespie William R.
Published: May 2022

Stan is an open‐source probabilistic programing language, primarily designed to do Bayesian data analysis. Its main inference algorithm is an adaptive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler, supported by state‐of‐the‐art gradient computation. Stan's strengths include efficient computation, an expressive language that offers a great deal of flexibility, and numerous diagnostics that allow modelers to check whether the inference is reliable. Torsten extends Stan with a suite of functions that facilitate the specification of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models and makes it straightforward to specify a clinical event schedule. Part I of this tutorial demonstrates how to build, fit, and criticize standard pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models using Stan and Torsten.
Barriers of social sustainability: an improved interpretive structural model of Indian textile and clothing supply chain
Authors: Shaw Mahesh , Majumdar Abhijit , Govindan Kannan
Published: May 2022

Social sustainability, the social dimension of sustainable development goals (SDGs), is getting increasing attention in recent years. The issues of social sustainability are very challenging in the textile and clothing supply chain especially in emerging economies. This article proposes a modified fuzzy interpretive structural modelling (fuzzy ISM) for analysing the contextual relationships among the barriers of social sustainability. Twenty barriers are shortlisted based on review of literature and experts' opinion. The contextual relationships among the barriers are captured in form of linguistic ratings given by the experts. Using the modified fuzzy ISM method, an eight‐level hierarchical model is developed. The lack of consumer awareness is found to be the most important driving barrier. The other important driving barriers are lack of strict implementation of government laws and regulation, and lack of financial support from the Government and trade bodies. This study shows that the issues of social sustainability in the textile and clothing supply chain can be addressed by increasing consumer awareness, coercive pressure from the regulatory bodies, and financial aids and incentives to supply chain partners. This study contributes to the methodology by developing an improved interpretive model of decision making. The hierarchical and contextual relationships among the social sustainability barriers have been deciphered. The study also utilises organisational change management theory to address the barriers of adoption of social sustainability. Outcome of this research will be useful to frame strategies to implement social sustainability in textile and clothing supply chain.
pH Stimuli‐Responsive, Rapidly Self‐healable Coatings Enhanced the Corrosion Resistance and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mg‐1Ca Osteoimplant
Authors: Xia Dandan , Jia Zhaojun , Shen Yunong , Zheng Yufeng , Cheng Yan , Xiong Pan , Guan Shaokang , Xu Yuqian , Yang Fan , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: May 2022

Mg‐Ca alloys have emerged as a promising research direction for biomedical implants in the orthopedic field. However, their clinical use is deterred by their fast corrosion rate. In this work, a pH stimuli‐responsive silk‐halloysite (HNT)/phytic acid (PA) self‐healing coating (Silk‐HNT/PA) is constructed to slow down the corrosion rate of Mg‐1Ca alloy and its cell viability and osteogenic differentiation ability are enhanced. The Silk‐HNT/PA coating exhibits appealing active corrosion protection, by eliciting pH‐triggerable self‐healing effects, while simultaneously affording superior biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability. Moreover, in vivo studies by histological analysis also demonstrate better osseointegration for the Silk‐HNT/PA coated Mg‐1Ca alloy. In summary, the Silk‐HNT/PA coating in the present study has great potential in enhancing the biomedical utility of Mg alloys.
Colloidal Multiscale Assembly via Photothermally Driven Convective Flow for Sensitive In‐Solution Plasmonic Detections
Authors: Park Junhee , Lee Seungki , Lee Hyunjoo , Han Seungyeon , Kang Tae Ho , Kim Dongchoul , Kang Taewook , Choi Inhee
Published: May 2022

The assembly of metal nanoparticles and targets to be detected in a small light probe volume is essential for achieving sensitive in‐solution surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Such assemblies generally require either chemical linkers or templates to overcome the random diffusion of the colloids unless the aqueous sample is dried. Here, a facile method is reported to produce 3D multiscale assemblies of various colloids ranging from molecules and nanoparticles to microparticles for sensitive in‐solution SERS detection without chemical linkers and templates by exploiting photothermally driven convective flow. The simulations suggest that colloids sub 100 nm in diameter can be assembled by photothermally driven convective flow regardless of density; the assembly of larger colloids up to several micrometers by convective flow is significant only if their density is close to that of water. Consistent with the simulation results, the authors confirm that the photothermally driven convective flow is mainly responsible for the observed coassembly of plasmonic gold nanorods with either smaller molecules or larger microparticles. It is further found that the coassembly with the plasmonic nanoantennae leads to dramatic Raman enhancements of molecules, microplastics, and microbes by up to fivefold of magnitude compared to those measured in solution without the coassembly.
Roadside unit‐based pseudonym authentication in vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Stephen Steffie Maria , Jaekel Arunita
Published: May 2022

Information sharing among vehicles is an essential component of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), but must take into consideration the security and privacy requirements of the network participants. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a pervasive network, where vehicles communicate wirelessly with nearby vehicles, infrastructure nodes, and other connected devices to improve road safety and provide other useful services. Security of VANET can be improved by ensuring that only authorized vehicles can participate in the network. This research proposes a new approach that uses roadside units (RSUs) to authenticate safety messages and notify vehicles about any unauthorized messages/senders. We present a three‐tier architecture with a distributed blockchain to securely maintain the identity of all vehicles in the network. The use of this RSU‐based approach helps to reduce the computational overhead on the On‐board unit (OBU) of individual vehicles and does not require the transmission of lengthy certificates and certificate revocation lists with each message. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach achieves improved performance compared to existing techniques in terms of both authentication delay and channel load.
A two‐stage IIDG fault control scheme considering the fault direction identification in active distribution networks
Authors: Guo Wenming , Yu Jiaqi
Published: May 2022

In traditional power systems, the positive sequence fault component (PSFC) based criteria is often used to identify the fault directions. If the PSFC impedance angle of the inverter‐interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) is between 0 and 90°, the traditional PSFC‐based criteria will remain applicable in active distribution networks (ADNs). However, due to the diversity of the IIDG fault control mode and the uncertainty of the positive sequence voltage variation caused by faults, the PSFC impedance angle of IIDG is difficult to determine. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a two‐stage fault control scheme for IIDG. At different stages, IIDGs select different power references to meet different requirements. In the first stage, the PSFC impedance angle of IIDG is fixed to a given value, thereby maintaining the applicability of the PSFC‐based criteria in ADN. The detailed power reference calculation method of IIDG is given for this stage. In the second stage, IIDGs can select different fault control modes to support the fault voltage flexibly. By using the proposed two‐stage IIDG fault control scheme, the protection devices can accurately identify the fault direction in ADNs, which is verified by the MATLAB simulation results. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Understanding military‐related mental illness for effective health care
Authors: Busuttil Walter
Published: May 2022

The experiences of military personnel have a particular impact on their mental health and influence whether they seek help. An understanding of mental illness experienced by people with a military career should be included in mainstream clinical curricula.
The gut microbiome, health and personalised nutrition
Authors: Amati Federica , McCann Lucy J , Spector Tim D
Published: May 2022

The human gut microbiome modulates health and disease and can be manipulated by lifestyle and diet. This article presents a summary of what we know to date, and what the future might hold for this rapidly evolving field of science and technology, including its role in personalised health.
Mammalian proteome expansion by stop codon readthrough
Authors: Manjunath Lekha E. , Singh Anumeha , Som Saubhik , Eswarappa Sandeep M.
Published: May 2022

Recognition of a stop codon by translation machinery as a sense codon results in translational readthrough instead of termination. This recoding process, termed stop codon readthrough (SCR) or translational readthrough, is found in all domains of life including mammals. The context of the stop codon, local mRNA topology, and molecules that interact with the mRNA region downstream of the stop codon determine SCR. The products of SCR can have localization, stability, and function different from those of the canonical isoforms. In this review, we discuss how recent technological and computational advances have increased our understanding of the SCR process in the mammalian system. Based on the known molecular events that occur during SCR of multiple mRNAs, we propose transient molecular roadblocks on an mRNA downstream of the stop codon as a possible mechanism for the induction of SCR. We argue, with examples, that the insights gained from the natural SCR events can guide us to develop novel strategies for the treatment of diseases caused by premature stop codons.

This article is categorized under:

Translation > Regulation
Serendipitous Formation of a Cerium(IV)‐Mercury(II) Separated Ion Coordination Polymer#
Authors: Werner Daniel , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C.
Published: May 2022

Trivalent cerium tris‐tert‐butoxide, “[Ce(OtBu)3]”, was synthesised in situ and treated with excess HgCl2. After reaction, colourless crystals were identified amongst excess HgCl2. Analysis by X‐ray crystallography revealed the formation of an unusual ion separated coordination polymer consisting of two [CeIV(OtBu)3(thf)3]+ ions and a di‐anionic chloridomercurate(II) two dimensional sheet [Hg8Cl18]2−, giving the overall formula [{Ce(OtBu)3(thf)3}2{Hg8Cl18}]∞ (1).
Journeys Towards Intercultural Capability: The Teachers’ Voices
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle
Published: May 2022

Building on an initial presentation of reflections from the teachers regarding their students’ perceived intercultural learning gains (Chapter 5), Chapter 6 continues an exploration of facets of the reflections of the five participating teachers on their inquiries over the duration of the project. This includes a more thorough discussion of their thoughts and reflections on their endeavours to promote the intercultural dimension in their teaching.
Journeys Towards Intercultural Capability: The Researchers’ Voices
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle
Published: May 2022

Chapter 7 presents the journeys of the researchers. The chapter draws on diverse data sources to document the realities and complexities of the intersecting processes of collaboration and independent inquiry that the project was designed to foster from its inception. These data sources include project documents, audio-recordings and transcriptions of meetings, email archives and notes on discussions involving different members of the group, as well as the data gleaned directly from the researchers’ work with the teacher partners as documented in previous chapters.
Journeys Towards Intercultural Capability: Retrospective Reflections
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle
Published: May 2022

As the concluding chapter, Chapter 8 draws each of the strands from Chapters 5 to 7 together. In particular, the chapter considers what was learned and the recommendations that could be made, from the perspective of both research and teacher education, to move the debates about developing young language learners’ intercultural capability further. The chapter first presents a summary of key findings and then discusses their implications. The chapter revisits the positive outcomes, along with the problems and challenges.
Two-loop mixed QCD-EW corrections to neutral current Drell-Yan
Authors: Armadillo Tommaso , Bonciani Roberto , Devoto Simone , Rana Narayan , Vicini Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We present the two-loop mixed strong-electroweak virtual corrections to the neutral current Drell-Yan process and we provide, as supplementary material, the explicit formulae of the infrared-subtracted finite remainder. The final state collinear singularities are regularised by the lepton mass. The evaluation of all the relevant Feynman integrals, including those with up to two internal massive lines, has been worked out relying on analytical and semi-analytical techniques, in the case of complex-valued masses.
Regular solutions of a functional equation derived from the invariance problem of Matkowski means
Authors: Kiss Tibor
Published: May 2022

The main result of the present paper is about the solutions of the functional equation$$\begin{aligned} F\Big (\frac{x+y}{2}\Big )+f_1(x)+f_2(y)=G(g_1(x)+g_2(y)),\quad x,y\in I, \end{aligned}$$F(x+y2)+f1(x)+f2(y)=G(g1(x)+g2(y)),x,y∈I,derived originally, in a natural way, from the invariance problem of generalized weighted quasi-arithmetic means, where$$F,f_1,f_2,g_1,g_2:I\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$F,f1,f2,g1,g2:I→Rand$$G:g_1(I)+g_2(I)\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$G:g1(I)+g2(I)→Rare the unknown functions assumed to be continuously differentiable with$$0\notin g'_1(I)\cup g'_2(I)$$0∉g1′(I)∪g2′(I), and the setIstands for a nonempty open subinterval of$${\mathbb {R}}$$R. In addition to these, we will also touch upon solutions not necessarily regular. More precisely, we are going to solve the above equation assuming first thatFis affine onIand$$g_1$$g1and$$g_2$$g2are continuous functions strictly monotone in the same sense, and secondly that$$g_1$$g1and$$g_2$$g2are invertible affine functions with a common additive part.
Density of Small Singular Values of the Shifted Real Ginibre Ensemble
Authors: Cipolloni Giorgio , Erdős László , Schröder Dominik
Published: May 2022

We derive a precise asymptotic formula for the density of the small singular values of the real Ginibre matrix ensemble shifted by a complex parameter z as the dimension tends to infinity. For z away from the real axis the formula coincides with that for the complex Ginibre ensemble we derived earlier in Cipolloni et al. (Prob Math Phys 1:101–146, 2020). On the level of the one-point function of the low lying singular values we thus confirm the transition from real to complex Ginibre ensembles as the shift parameter z becomes genuinely complex; the analogous phenomenon has been well known for eigenvalues. We use the superbosonization formula (Littelmann et al. in Comm Math Phys 283:343–395, 2008) in a regime where the main contribution comes from a three dimensional saddle manifold.
Bi-coherent states as generalized eigenstates of the position and the momentum operators
Authors: Bagarello F. , Gargano F.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we show that the position and the derivative operators,$${{\hat{q}}}$$q^and$${{\hat{D}}}$$D^, can be treated as ladder operators connecting various vectors of two biorthonormal families,$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\varphi $$Fφand$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\psi $$Fψ. In particular, the vectors in$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\varphi $$Fφare essentially monomials inx,$$x^k$$xk, while those in$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\psi $$Fψare weak derivatives of the Dirac delta distribution,$$\delta ^{(m)}(x)$$δ(m)(x), times some normalization factor. We also show how bi-coherent states can be constructed for these$${{\hat{q}}}$$q^and$${{\hat{D}}}$$D^, both as convergent series of elements of$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\varphi $$Fφand$${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_\psi $$Fψ, or using two different displacement-like operators acting on the two vacua of the framework. Our approach generalizes well- known results for ordinary coherent states.