bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vorontsovite, (Hg5Cu)Σ6TlAs4S12, and Ferrovorontsovite, (Fe5Cu)Σ6TlAs4S12: The Tl- and Tl-Fe-Analogues of Galkhaite from the Vorontsovskoe Gold Deposit, Northern Urals, Russia
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Agakhanov Atali A. , Škoda Radek , Karpenko Vladimir Y. , Tsyganko Mikhail V. , Plášil Jakub
Published: April 2018

Two new mineral species, vorontsovite, ideally (Hg5Cu)TlAs4S12, and ferrovorontsovite, ideally (Fe5Cu)TlAs4S12, the Tl- and Tl–Fe-analogues of galkhaite, respectively, have been discovered at the Vorontsovskoe gold deposit, Northern Urals, Russia. They occur as anhedral grains up to 0.5 mm (vorontsovite) and 0.2 mm (ferrovorontsovite) embedded in a calcite-dolomite matrix. The chemical composition of vorontsovite (wt %) is: Hg 35.70, Fe 5.36, Zn 1.26, Cu 3.42, Ag 0.64, Tl 11.53, Cs 0.35, Pb 0.04, As 15.98, Sb 2.35, Te 0.41, S 22.70, Se 0.02, total 99.76. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 23 atoms pfu, is: [(Hg3.02Fe1.63Zn0.33)Σ4.98(Cu0.91Ag0.10)Σ1.01](Tl0.96Cs0.04)Σ1.00(As3.62Sb0.33Te0.05)Σ4.00S12.01. The composition of ferrovorontsovite (wt %) is: Hg 25.13, Fe 9.89, Zn 1.16, Cu 3.95, Ag 0.45, Tl 12.93, Cs 0.44, Pb 0.04, As 17.83, Sb 2.15, Te 0.40, S 24.91, total 99.28. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 23 atoms pfu, is: [(Fe2.74Hg1.94Zn0.27)Σ4.95(Cu0.96Ag0.06)Σ1.02](Tl0.98Cs0.05)Σ1.03(As3.68Sb0.27Te0.05)Σ4.00S12.00. Both minerals are cubic, space group I-43m, with a = 10.2956(6) Å, V = 1091.3(1) Å3, Z = 2 (vorontsovite); and a = 10.2390(7) Å, V = 1073.43(22) Å3, Z = 2 (ferrovorontsovite). The crystal structures of both minerals were refined to R = 0.0376 (vorontsovite) and R = 0.0576 (ferrovorontsovite). Vorontsovite and ferrovorontsovite have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC under the numbers 2016-076 and 2017-007, respectively. The first one is named after the type locality, but also honors the mining engineer Vladimir Vasilyevich Vorontsov. The second is named for its chemical composition, as the Fe-analogue of the first. Both species are isostructural with galkhaite, being its Tl- and Tl–Fe analogues, respectively, and forming altogether the galkhaite group.
Geometallurgical Study of a Gravity Recoverable Gold Orebody
Authors: Dominy Simon , O’Connor Louisa , Glass Hylke , Xie Yuling
Published: April 2018

Sheeted vein gold deposits are often characterised by multiple sub-parallel veins and free-milling coarse gold. Inherent mineralisation heterogeneity results in grade and process parameter variability, which increases project risk if not quantified. Measured grade variability is often exacerbated by poorly designed sampling and testwork protocols. Protocols that are optimised within the framework of the Theory of Sampling (TOS) to suit the ore type, together with quality assurance/quality control systems, will reduce variability and provide fit-for-purpose results. Geometallurgy can be broadly split into two key approaches: strategic and tactical (or operational). The strategic approach focuses on the whole orebody and long-term life-of-mine view, whereas tactical geometallurgy relates to a more short- to medium-term view during mining. The geometallurgical approach requires spatially distributed samples within a deposit to support variability modelling. Diverse attributes from core logging, mineralogical/textural determination and small-scale tests are used to measure variability. This contribution presents a case study that emphasises an early-stage strategic geometallurgical programme applied to a gravity recoverable gold (GRG) dominated deposit. It exemplifies how data can be acquired from a well-designed and planned programme to support resource estimation, a pre-feasibility study, trial mining and fast-track to production. A tactical geometallurgical programme is embedded into the mine operation.
Evidence for Nb-Ta Occurrences in the Syn-Tectonic Pan-African Mayo Salah Leucogranite (Northern Cameroon): Constraints from Nb-Ta Oxide Mineralogy, Geochemistry and U-Pb LA-ICP-MS Geochronology on Columbite and Monazite
Authors: Fosso Tchunte Periclex Martial , Tchameni Rigobert , André-Mayer Anne-Sylvie , Dakoure Hilaire Somtebda , Turlin François , Poujol Marc , Nomo Emmanuel Negue , Saha Fouotsa Alliance Nicaise , Rouer Olivier
Published: April 2018

The Mayo Salah pluton, which is located in the North-Cameroon domain of Central African Bold Belt (CAFB), is emplaced as a laccolith in volcano-sedimentary schists of Poli series, and displays features of Rare-metal Granite (RMG). It is made of two main rock groups: (1) the metaluminous barren muscovite granite (MsG) and (2) the Nb-Ta bearing peraluminous leucogranite (MsL) which expresses four subtypes. The evolved Rare-element MsL is subalkaline, slightly peraluminous (ASI = 1.01–1.21), and it displays flat REE chondrite-normalized patterns with a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.02–0.20). It belongs to the peraluminous low phosphorus Rare-element Granites and L-type igneous rocks, as shown by the relatively low Zr/Hf (4.8–14) and Nb/Ta (1.4–9.0) ratios and the positive slope of the Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta profile in spider diagrams. The rare-element-bearing mineral is represented by columbite-group minerals (CGM) and other Nb-Ta-oxides (Nb-rutile and pyrochlore supergroup minerals). The CGM is classified as Mn-columbite, with Ta# and Mn# ratios increasing from core to rim. Two stages of mineralization are identified; the earliest stage (CGM-I) consists in scattered tabular or prismatic euhedral grains that were related to magmatic fractionation. The latest stage (CGM-II) is expressed as a Ta-rich Mn hydrothermal CGM episode represented as rims and/overgrowths around and/or as veinlet crosscutting CGM-I or in cleavage planes of muscovite. The U-Pb dating of columbite and monazite of the Mayo Salah leucogranite indicates a late-Neoproterozoic magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization event from 603.2 ± 5.3 to 581.6 ± 7.2 Ma, as consistent with both late D2 to D3 events that were recorded in the CAFB in Cameroon, and the associated continental collision environment. The Nb-Ta mineralization of the Mayo Salah pluton provides evidence for the presence of RMG in Northern Cameroon of CAFB, and its temporal association with the youngest period of metallogenic epoch of Nb-Ta-ore formation in Africa associated to Pan-African times.
Is It Reliable to Take the Molecular Docking Top Scoring Position as the Best Solution without Considering Available Structural Data?
Authors: Ramírez David , Caballero Julio
Published: April 2018

Molecular docking is the most frequently used computational method for studying the interactions between organic molecules and biological macromolecules. In this context, docking allows predicting the preferred pose of a ligand inside a receptor binding site. However, the selection of the “best” solution is not a trivial task, despite the widely accepted selection criterion that the best pose corresponds to the best energy score. Here, several rigid-target docking methods were evaluated on the same dataset with respect to their ability to reproduce crystallographic binding orientations, to test if the best energy score is a reliable criterion for selecting the best solution. For this, two experiments were performed: (A) to reconstruct the ligand-receptor complex by performing docking of the ligand in its own crystal structure receptor (defined as self-docking), and (B) to reconstruct the ligand-receptor complex by performing docking of the ligand in a crystal structure receptor that contains other ligand (defined as cross-docking). Root-mean square deviation (RMSD) was used to evaluate how different the obtained docking orientation is from the corresponding co-crystallized pose of the same ligand molecule. We found that docking score function is capable of predicting crystallographic binding orientations, but the best ranked solution according to the docking energy is not always the pose that reproduces the experimental binding orientation. This happened when self-docking was achieved, but it was critical in cross-docking. Taking into account that docking is typically used with predictive purposes, during cross-docking experiments, our results indicate that the best energy score is not a reliable criterion to select the best solution in common docking applications. It is strongly recommended to choose the best docking solution according to the scoring function along with additional structural criteria described for analogue ligands to assure the selection of a correct docking solution.
Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect
Authors: Chen Yankun , Chen Xi , Luo Ganggang , Zhang Xu , Lu Fang , Qiao Liansheng , He Wenjing , Li Gongyu , Zhang Yanling
Published: April 2018

Squalene synthase (SQS), a key downstream enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in treating hyperlipidemia. Compared to statins, SQS inhibitors have shown a very significant lipid-lowering effect and do not cause myotoxicity. Thus, the paper aims to discover potential SQS inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the combination of molecular modeling methods and biological assays. In this study, cynarin was selected as a potential SQS inhibitor candidate compound based on its pharmacophoric properties, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cynarin could form hydrophobic interactions with PHE54, LEU211, LEU183 and PRO292, which are regarded as important interactions for the SQS inhibitors. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of cynarin was tested in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells by decreasing the lipidemic parameter triglyceride (TG) level by 22.50%. Finally. cynarin was reversely screened against other anti-hyperlipidemia targets which existed in HepG2 cells and cynarin was unable to map with the pharmacophore of these targets, which indicated that the lipid-lowering effects of cynarin might be due to the inhibition of SQS. This study discovered cynarin is a potential SQS inhibitor from TCM, which could be further clinically explored for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
High-Efficiency, Near-Diffraction Limited, Dielectric Metasurface Lenses Based on Crystalline Titanium Dioxide at Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Liang Yaoyao , Liu Hongzhan , Wang Faqiang , Meng Hongyun , Guo Jianping , Li Jinfeng , Wei Zhongchao
Published: April 2018

Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that hold promise for overcoming the limitations of refractive and conventional diffractive optics. Previous metasurfaces have been limited to transparency windows at infrared wavelengths because of significant optical absorption and loss at visible wavelengths. Here we report a polarization-insensitive, high-contrast transmissive metasurface composed of crystalline titanium dioxide pillars in the form of metalens at the wavelength of 633 nm. The focal spots are as small as 0.54 λ d , which is very close to the optical diffraction limit of 0.5 λ d . The simulation focusing efficiency is up to 88.5%. A rigorous method for metalens design, the phase realization mechanism and the trade-off between high efficiency and small spot size (or large numerical aperture) are discussed. Besides, the metalenses can work well with an imaging point source up to ±15° off axis. The proposed design is relatively systematic and can be applied to various applications such as visible imaging, ranging and sensing systems.
Assessment of Sulfur Deficiency under Field Conditions by Single Measurements of Sulfur, Chloride and Phosphorus in Mature Leaves
Authors: Etienne Philippe , Sorin Elise , Maillard Anne , Gallardo Karine , Arkoun Mustapha , Guerrand Jérôme , Cruz Florence , Yvin Jean-Claude , Ourry Alain
Published: April 2018

Determination of S status is very important to detect S deficiency and prevent losses of yield and seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the ([Cl−]+[NO3−]+[PO43−]):[SO42−] ratio as an indicator of S nutrition under field conditions in Brassica napus and whether this could be applied to other species. Different S and nitrogen (N) fertilizations were applied on a S deficient field of oilseed rape to harvest mature leaves and analyze their anion and element contents in order to evaluate a new S nutrition indicator and useful threshold values. Large sets of commercial varieties were then used to test S deficiency scenarios. As main results, this study shown that, under field conditions, leaf ([Cl−]+[NO3−]+[PO43−]):[SO42−] ratio was increased by lowering S fertilization, indicating S deficiency. The usefulness of this ratio was also found for other species grown under controlled conditions and it could be simplified by using the elemental ([Cl]+[P]):[S] ratio. Threshold values were determined and used for the clustering of commercial varieties within three groups: S deficient, at risk of S deficiency and S sufficient. The ([Cl]+[P]):[S] ratio quantified under field conditions, can be used as an early and accurate diagnostic tool to manage S fertilization.
The Italian Pension Gap: A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach
Authors: Milazzo Alessandro , Vigna Elena
Published: April 2018

We study the gap between the state pension provided by the Italian pension system pre-Dini reform and post-Dini reform. The goal is to fill the gap between the old and the new pension by joining a defined contribution pension scheme and adopting an optimal investment strategy that is target-based. We find that it is possible to cover, at least partially, this gap with the additional income of the pension scheme, especially in the presence of late retirement and in the presence of stagnant careers. Workers with dynamic careers and workers who retire early are those who are most penalised by the reform. Results are intuitive and in line with previous studies on the subject.
Sensor Fault Detection and System Reconfiguration for DC-DC Boost Converter
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Zhigang , Li Bo
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a effective sensor fault detection and system reconfiguration approach for DC-DC Boost converter. We consider to design a Luenberger observer to solve the problem of the sensor fault detection of the DC-DC Boost converter. We establish mathematical model according to the state of the switch . Luenberger observer is designed to produce residual errors and analyse faults. We detect three types of sensor faults online and compare residuals with thresholds. The system is able to maintain stability by taking system reconfiguration approach. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by simulations.
Self-Reference Refractive Index Sensor Based on Independently Controlled Double Resonances in Side-Coupled U-Shaped Resonators
Authors: Ren Xiaobin , Ren Kun , Ming Chengguo
Published: April 2018

A plasmonic, refractive, index nanosensor is investigated theoretically and numerically in two U-shaped cavities side-coupled to a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. A transparency window between two transmission dips is observed. The physical origin of the transmission phenomenon is revealed by mapping the magnetic field distribution. Independent double resonances are realized through the proposed design. Double resonances showed diverse responses to the variations of the structural dimensions. In particular, they presented different dependences on a refraction index of the medium in an individual resonator. One resonance exhibited a remarkable shift with the increase of the refraction index; however, the other resonance remained unchanged. On the basis of this unique characteristic of differing sensitivities, self-reference sensing is discussed. The nanosensor yielded a high sensitivity of 917 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 180 RIU−1. This work is helpful in terms of the design of on-chip optical sensors with high sensitivity and improved detection accuracy in complicated environments.
Damage Detection of a Concrete Column Subject to Blast Loads Using Embedded Piezoceramic Transducers
Authors: Xu Kai , Deng Qingshan , Cai Lujun , Ho Siuchun , Song Gangbing
Published: April 2018

Some of the most severe structural loadings come in the form of blast loads, which may be caused by severe accidents or even terrorist activities. Most commonly after exposure to explosive forces, a structure will suffer from different degrees of damage, and even progress towards a state of collapse. Therefore, damage detection of a structure subject to explosive loads is of importance. This paper proposes a new approach to damage detection of a concrete column structure subjected to blast loads using embedded piezoceramic smart aggregates (SAs). Since the sensors are embedded in the structure, the proposed active-sensing based approach is more sensitive to internal or through cracks than surface damage. In the active sensing approach, the embedded SAs act as actuators and sensors, that can respectively generate and detect stress waves. If the stress wave propagates across a crack, the energy of the wave attenuates, and the reduction of the energy compared to the healthy baseline is indicative of a damage. With a damage index matrix constructed by signals obtained from an array of SAs, cracks caused by blast loads can be detected throughout the structure. Conventional sensing methods such as the measurement of dynamic strain and acceleration were included in the experiment. Since columns are critical elements needed to prevent structural collapse, knowledge of their integrity and damage conditions is essential for safety after exposure to blast loads. In this research, a concrete column with embedded SAs was chosen as the specimen, and a series of explosive tests were conducted on the column. Experimental results reveal that surface damages, though appear severe, cause minor changes in the damage index, and through cracks result in significant increase of the damage index, demonstrating the effectiveness of the active sensing, enabled by embedded SAs, in damage monitoring of the column under blast loads, and thus providing a reliable indication of structural integrity in the event of blast loads.
A CMOS Self-Contained Quadrature Signal Generator for SoC Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Márquez Alejandro , Pérez-Bailón Jorge , Calvo Belén , Medrano Nicolás , Martínez Pedro A.
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a low-power fully integrated quadrature signal generator for system-on-chip (SoC) impedance spectroscopy applications. It has been designed in a 0.18 μm-1.8 V CMOS technology as a self-contained oscillator, without the need for an external reference clock. The frequency can be digitally tuned from 10 to 345 kHz with 12-bit accuracy and a relative mean error below 1.7%, thus supporting a wide range of impedance sensing applications. The proposal is experimentally validated in two impedance spectrometry examples, achieving good magnitude and phase recovery results compared to the results obtained using a commercial LCR-meter. Besides the wide frequency tuning range, the proposed programmable oscillator features a total power consumption lower than 0.77 mW and an active area of 0.129 mm2, thus constituting a highly suitable choice as stimulation module for instrument-on-a-chip devices.
Electroencephalography Based Fusion Two-Dimensional (2D)-Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) Model for Emotion Recognition System
Authors: Kwon Yea-Hoon , Shin Sae-Byuk , Kim Shin-Dug
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve human emotional classification accuracy using a convolution neural networks (CNN) model and to suggest an overall method to classify emotion based on multimodal data. We improved classification performance by combining electroencephalogram (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals. GSR signals are preprocessed using by the zero-crossing rate. Sufficient EEG feature extraction can be obtained through CNN. Therefore, we propose a suitable CNN model for feature extraction by tuning hyper parameters in convolution filters. The EEG signal is preprocessed prior to convolution by a wavelet transform while considering time and frequency simultaneously. We use a database for emotion analysis using the physiological signals open dataset to verify the proposed process, achieving 73.4% accuracy, showing significant performance improvement over the current best practice models.
Measuring the Direct and Indirect Effects of Neighborhood-Built Environments on Travel-related CO2 Emissions: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Yang Wenyue , Wang Shaojian , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: April 2018

Intervening in the built environment is a key way for land-use and transport planning and related policies to promote low-carbon development and low-carbon travel. It is of significance to explore and recognize the actual impact of the neighborhood built environment on travel-related CO2 emissions. This study calculated the CO2 emissions from four purposes of trips, which were within the urban region, using Travel O-D Point Intelligent Query System (TIQS) and 1239 residents’ travel survey questionnaires from 15 neighborhoods in Guangzhou. It measured the direct and indirect effects of built environments on CO2 emissions from different purposes of trips by developing structural equation models (SEMs). The results showed that for different purposes of trips, the effects of the neighborhood built environments on CO2 emissions were inconsistent. Almost all built environment elements had significant total effects on CO2 emissions, which were mainly indirect effects through mediators such as car ownership and trip distance, then affecting CO2 emissions indirectly. Most of the direct effects of neighborhood built environments on CO2 emissions were not significant, especially those from non-commuting trips. These findings suggest that in the process of formulating low-carbon oriented land-use and transport planning and policies, the indirect effects of the built environments should not be ignored, and the differences of the effects of the neighborhood built environments among different purposes of the trip should be fully considered.
Diagnosis and Treatment of the SWAT Hydrological Response Using the Budyko Framework
Authors: Malagò Anna , Bouraoui Fayçal , De Roo Ad
Published: April 2018

The hydrologic response of a river basin pertains to how precipitation is partitioned into streamflow, evapotranspiration, and infiltration. The reliability of all these components is essential for the sustainable use of water resources. This paper seeks to understand if the prediction of the main components of the water balance from the SWAT model can be controlled and interpreted by a simple Darwinian approach: the Budyko framework. The Danube Basin was selected to assess the SWAT model green (evapotranspiration) and blue water fluxes (water yield or water that runs off the landscape into rivers) in a diagnostic approach based on two mono-parametric Budyko curve-type equations. This analysis was conducted comparing the evaporative index (EI) and the base flow index (BFI) predicted by Budyko’s equations based on observed data from 418 gauging stations with those simulated by SWAT. The study demonstrated that SWAT evapotranspiration estimations were in good agreement with those of the Budyko curves, whereas SWAT baseflow underestimated the Inn and Austrian Danube regions. The analysis of the Budyko equations in each water management region of the Danube provided a pioneering understanding of the relationship between EI and BFI in the study area, leading to an improvement of the hydrological simulations and providing a more reliable water balance in each water management region.
La synonymie, relation d’équivalence, un artefact de la pensée ?
Authors: Doualan Gaëlle
Published: April 2018

Cette communication interroge l’histoire de la notion de synonymie pour tenter de comprendre si cette relation d’équivalence ne serait pas un simple artefact de la pensée. En effet, l’histoire de cette notion nous apprend, depuis l’Antiquité grecque, que l’équivalence sémantique est souvent rejetée entre les synonymes au profit de leurs différences de sens. Cette recherche des différences de sens ne connaît pas les mêmes motivations au cours du temps : nous rencontrons aussi bien un souci rhétorique de l’usage de la langue que la recherche d’une norme linguistique ou un usage didactique de la synonymie. C’est vers Aristote et sa conception toute personnelle de la synonymie qu’il faut se tourner pour retrouver une prédominance des ressemblances de sens sur les distinctions.
Design au Multitudocène
Authors: Szaniecki Barbara
Published: April 2018

Si le design, tout au long du XX e  siècle, a stimulé la croissance industrielle avec des projets de développement qui suivaient des idéaux d’universalité, il semble vouloir s’orienter aujourd’hui vers les potentiels de croissance pluriverselle  : face aux crises économiques mais aussi écologiques, résistances, résiliences et résurgences font partie des préoccupations et des pratiques des designers contemporains. Elles constituent ce temps de correspondances, de controverses et aussi, de conflits que l’on peut désigner par Multitudocène où suivre les lignes revient surtout à suivre les luttes locales et globales.
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Its Association With the Mode of Birth
Authors: Palo Mansha , Gupta Shweta , Naik Milind N. , Ali Mohammad Javed
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To assess the association of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) with mode of birth (vaginal or cesarean).

Methods:

This study was a prospective interventional case series of 200 consecutive cases of CNLDO presenting at a tertiary care center. Data collected include demographics, mode of delivery, elective or emergency cesarean section, primary or secondary cesarean sections, type of CNLDO (simple or complex), management, and outcomes. Statistical significance was set at a
P
value of less than .05.

Results:

Of the 200 consecutive patients, 97 (48.5%) were vaginal deliveries and 103 (51.5%) were cesarean sections. Of the 103 cesarean section patients, 57 (55.3%) were primary cesarean sections and the remaining were secondary cesarean sections. Based on the type of CNLDO, 172 (86%) were simple CNLDO. In general, the current study did not find any significant association between the incidence of CNLDO and mode of delivery. Among the complex CNLDO cohort (n = 28), a significant association was found with cesarean section delivery (
P
= .016); however, no such association was noted when the patients were analyzed with regard to their age at presentation.

Conclusions:

The current study did not find an overall significant association between CNLDO and the mode of delivery; however, the subset of patients with complex CNLDO showed a significant association with cesarean section.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):266–268.]
Clinical Research on the Efficacy of Modified Surgery for Esotropia Fixus With High Myopia
Authors: Qi Dongmei , Gao Lixia , Xie Jing , Yu Tao
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the efficacy of a modified surgical procedure for esotropia fixus with high myopia.

Methods:

Thirteen patients (15 eyes) with esotropia fixus and high myopia who underwent the Jensen procedure for superior and lateral rectus muscles at Southwest Hospital between February 2014 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperatively, the superior rectus and lateral rectus muscles were separated up to 12 to 14 mm posterior to their respective insertion. A medial rectus large recession or rectus tenotomy was performed based on the degree of fibrosis of the medial rectus muscle. Postoperative examinations were performed at 1 day, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results:

On the first postoperative day, 12 eyes (10 patients) were in the primary position (80.0%), 2 eyes (2 patients) exhibited 5° to 10° esotropia (13.3%), and 1 eye (1 patient) exhibited 15° esotropia (6.7%). At the 2-week follow up, 1 eye (1 patient) was lost to follow-up, 9 eyes (7 patients) were in the primary position (64.3%), 3 eyes (3 patients) exhibited 10° esotropia (21.4%), and 2 eyes (2 patients) exhibited 15° to 20° esotropia (14.3%). At the 3-month follow-up, the patient whose ocular alignment was 20° esotropia at 2 weeks was found to have developed 30° esotropia; no change was observed in the other patients. A remarkable improvement in ocular motility was observed in all patients.

Conclusions:

The Jensen procedure for the union of the superior rectus and lateral rectus muscles, using two pairs of sutures applied 12 to 14 mm posterior to their respective insertions, yielded favorable outcomes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):219–224.]
Combined Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking and Posterior Chamber Toric Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation for Keratoconus
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Paraskevi Zotta , Yoo Sonia H. , Pallikaris Ioannis G.
Published: April 2018

A 29-year-old woman with keratoconus underwent posterior chamber toric implantable Collamer lens (Visian ICL; STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) implantation 12 months after corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet radiation-A. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Three months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from counting fingers to 20/40 and corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/30. Combined cross-linking treatment and posterior chamber toric phakic Collamer lens implantation in a two-step procedure seems to be an effective method for correcting keratoconus in patients with high myopia and astigmatism. Despite the encouraging results, longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the outcomes of this approach.
Pneumorrhachis after Recreational Drug Use
Authors: Sethi Bilal Amin , Cooper Jamie
Published: April 2018

Pneumorrhachis, the presence of air in the spinal canal, is an unusual and alarming radiographic finding. The etiology is most commonly traumatic or iatrogenic but it can occur as a spontaneous phenomenon in association with pneumomediastinum. We report the case of a 16 year old male who presented with throat discomfort and a feeling of altered voice after recreational drug use.  Examination confirmed widespread subcutaneous emphysema above the clavicles and plain radiograph and computed tomography imaging confirmed the presence of extensive pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis. The patient was managed conservatively and made a full recovery. The clinical and imaging features of spontaneous pneumorrhachis are presented as well as a review of the literature with regard to pathogenesis, management and outcome. Knowledge and understanding of this unusual phenomenon is important to properly direct patient care.
Thrombogenic superior vena cava syndrome from long-standing central venous access in a 5-year-old patient treated with balloon-expandable stents
Authors: Ji Dabin , Gill Anne Elizabeth , Ermentrout Robert Mitchell , Hawkins Clifford Matthew
Published: April 2018

Thrombogenic superior vena cava syndrome is an uncommon, dangerous complication of long-standing central venous catheter use. The increased use of central venous catheters has resulted in more non-malignant cases of superior vena cava syndrome across all age groups. We present a 5-year-old male with superior vena cava syndrome associated with acute onset of severe upper extremity and facial swelling, dyspnea, and a right subclavian central venous catheter malfunction. The patient was ultimately treated with percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava with balloon-expandable Palmaz stents following unsuccessful angioplasty, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and percutaneous thrombectomy.  This case highlights a relatively uncommon complication in children from long-term central venous catheter access and describes an emerging, minimally-invasive therapeutic alternative that allows for preservation of age-appropriate superior vena cava luminal diameter as patients grow.
Torsion of a Myomatous, Non-gravid Uterus: CT Findings
Authors: Cheong Elizabeth Hui Ting , Tan Tien Jin , Wong Kang Min
Published: April 2018

Uterine torsion is a rare condition which is part of a spectrum of gynecological emergencies. If diagnosis is delayed or the condition is left untreated, severe consequences such as infertility and life-threatening complications can arise. As presenting features are often non-specific and can be similar to commonly encountered gastrointestinal and urinary conditions, computed tomography is usually the first imaging modality utilized in an emergency setting. It is therefore important that the radiologist is familiar with recognizing computed tomography features of uterine torsion. We share our findings in a patient with uterine torsion in a non-gravid uterus, diagnosed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction.
Eye Tracking Technology in Detecting the Switch Cost in the Intra-sentential Code-Switching Contexts
Authors: Wu Liqin , Xi Cuihua
Published: April 2018

Switch cost and cost site have been controversial issues in the code-switching studies. This research conducted an eye tracking experiment on eight bilingual subjects to measure their switch cost and cost site in comprehending the intra-sentential code-switching (Chinese and English) and the unilingual (pure Chinese) stimuli. The English words and their Chinese translations or equivalents were assumed as the key words in either a unilingual or an intra-sentential code-switching paragraph. These key words were located as areas of interest (AOI) with the same height and consisted of three word-frequency levels. After the experiment, the subjects were required to do a comprehension test to ensure their real understanding of the English words. Their performances in two different reading contexts were compared by adopting a paired sample t-test. Their eye movement data were validated by using 2 x 3 repeated measures ANOVA. It was revealed that: 1) the subjects’ scores in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts were higher than those in the unilingual ones, i.e. reading efficiency increased in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts; 2) word frequency had little effect on word recognition speed in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts, i.e., the least frequently used words did not necessarily take the subjects’ more time or vice versa; 3) even if a switch cost occurred(on rare occasions), it was not necessarily at the switching site, and low frequency words in alternating languages did impair performance even when the switch occurred at a sentence boundary.
Teaching System of Smart Learning Environment for Aerobics Course
Authors: Yu Yanan , Qi Aili
Published: April 2018

In the past digital learning environment, we required the multimedia facilities excessively and ignored the individual needs of learners, and the teaching resources existed depending on the equipment. The emergence of smart learning environment can meet people's independent learning, customized learning, smart learning and other requirements. Meanwhile, the “intelligence" of smart learning environment conforms to the teaching features of aerobics and other body-shaping courses, which can cultivate the learners’ innovation abilities and further optimize the teaching effect. In this paper, on the basis of the theory construction of smart learning environment, we designed a teaching system of smart learning environment for the university course Aerobics based on the Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM), conducted the application practice of the smart learning environment in the teaching of the university course Aerobics by the controlled experiment method, analyzed the difference of teaching effect in and out of a smart learning environment, and finally drew a conclusion, in order to provide some theoretical and data support for the application of smart learning environment in the teaching of physical education (PE) majors and other university education.
Characterization of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in PYNOD-Deficient Mice
Authors: Nakajima Shinsuke , Imamura Ryu , Yoshino Miya , Sakurai Mayumi , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Sugihara Kazushi , Asano Masahide , Suda Takashi
Published: April 2018

PYNOD (also called NLRP10) is a member of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family. Many members of this family play important roles in the activation and/or regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. We previously showed that PYNOD inhibits the IL-1β secretion in response to microbial infection in PYNOD-transgenic mice. In this study, we generated PYNOD-knockout (KO) mice and further investigated PYNOD’s role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Similar to wild-type macrophages, PYNOD-KO macrophages produced IL-1β and induced pyroptosis, a caspase-1–dependent programmed cell death, in response to various inflammasome activators and microbial infection. In addition, the PYNOD deficiency did not significantly affect the proliferation or cytokine production of T cells, the delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, the anti-tumor immunity, the Ag-specific Ab production, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, or the maturation, Ag-presenting capacity, or elicited migration of dendritic cells. Furthermore, the steady-state skin self-antigen transport to regional lymph nodes was not impaired in PYNOD-KO mice, suggesting that PYNOD is dispensable for steady-state dendritic cell migration. These results suggested that PYNOD is dispensable for the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice, unless PYNOD’s expression is highly induced under certain conditions.
‘Walking in the light’ and the missio Dei: Perspectives from the Anglican Church of Kenya
Authors: Knoetze Johannes J. , Mwangi Robinson K.
Published: April 2018

The East African Revival Movement’s (EARM) socio-ethical belief and practice of walking in the light pervades mainstream Protestant churches in Eastern Africa with its emphasis on public confession of sin, which breeds severe relational consequences. Indeed walking in the light of the EARM has long plagued the Anglican Church of Kenya’s participation in the missio Dei, which brings to the fore two categories of Christians, the saved and unsaved. While walking in the light has been buttressed in the Anglican Church of Kenya it is critical to recognise that the mission of God ought to be the heartbeat of the EARM’s very existence. Accordingly, this article demonstrates that it is not the church that has a mission, but the Triune God that challenges the place of walking in the light in the Trinitarian God. This study, therefore, champions practical holiness by positioning walking in the light in the mission of God. As a result, it redefines the EARM’s religious identity, illustrated by a proper exposition of scripture, Trinitarian worship, discreet confession of sin and moral legalism that provides for informed evangelism and social responsibility.
Relative Equilibria in Curved Restricted 4-body Problems
Authors: Alhowaity Sawsan , Diacu Florin , Pérez-Chavela Ernesto
Published: April 2018

We consider the curved 4-body problems on spheres and hyperbolic spheres. After obtaining a criterion for the existence of quadrilateral configurations on the equator of the sphere, we study two restricted 4-body problems, one in which two masses are negligible and another in which only one mass is negligible. In the former, we prove the evidence square-like relative equilibria, whereas in the latter we discuss the existence of kite-shaped relative equilibria.
Adolescentes Autores de Atos Infracionais e o Sentimento de Culpa
Authors: Souza Juliana Marcondes Pedrosa , Moreira Jacqueline Oliveira
Published: April 2018

O texto trabalha o sentimento de culpa na obra freudiana e a proposta de responsabilidade em Lacan para compreender questões que se apresentam ao adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa quanto ao seu envolvimento com a criminalidade e transgressão da lei. Perguntamos se a possibilidade de se preocupar com outro pode ser inscrita na forma de uma responsabilização subjetiva ou na forma de um sentimento de culpa em relação ao outro.  No acompanhamento desses adolescentes, a importância de se pensar o ato como sintoma nos revela a forma singular como o sujeito adolescente responde ao outro social. Sugerimos o trabalho do analista como recurso de ampliação da palavra do adolescente e, ao mesmo tempo, ampliação dos horizontes políticos-culturais e acesso ao circuito capital. Assim, o seu percurso no cumprimento da medida implicará em um novo projeto de vida, o qual convoca a sociedade para um novo posicionamento.
O Estudo da Medicalização da Vida e suas Implicações para a Clínica Contemporânea
Authors: Silva Lívia Machado , Canavêz Fernanda
Published: April 2018

Este artigo busca analisar as demandas contemporâneas endereçadas à clínica e sua relação com a cultura de medicalização da vida. Para alcançar esse objetivo, optou-se pela realização de um levantamento bibliográfico relativo ao termo medicalização. Adotou-se a visão trazida por Ivan Illich e Peter Conrad por entender que ambos os autores fomentaram, ao longo de sua obra, um importante desenvolvimento da abordagem crítica referente ao tema. Por fim, busca-se analisar algumas demandas atuais no campo da clínica psicológica à luz de uma crítica sobre o processo de medicalização.
Intersetorialidade em Saúde Mental: Tensões e Desafios em Cidades do Sudeste e Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Romagnoli Roberta Carvalho , Amorim Ana Karenina De Melo Arraes , Severo Ana Kalliny De Sousa , Nobre Maria Teresa
Published: April 2018

Este artigo aborda a problemática da intersetorialidade no campo da saúde mental no Brasil, analisando suas práticas na cidade de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais, e Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte. A partir das ideias de Deleuze e Guattari e tomando como campo de análise as pesquisas realizadas pelas autoras nas duas cidades, pensamos a estratégia da intersetorialidade como um rizoma, como uma rede que se autoengendra por agenciamentos com os mais variados elementos da realidade, permitindo ao mesmo tempo rastrear as reproduções e os deslocamentos inventivos que se libertam das estruturas cristalizadas presentes da ação intersetorial. Concluímos que, embora em regiões distintas, com territórios singulares, a intersetorialidade ainda encontra os seguintes desafios: falta de articulação entre sistemas e serviços, precariedade de comunicação entre as equipes, sensação de sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais, risco de psicologização dos casos e falta de avaliação das ações em conjunto após os encaminhamentos.
O conhecimento tradicional relacionado ao complexo do curare e a legislação internacional sobre propriedade intelectual
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein , Moreira João Vitor De Freitas
Published: April 2018

O trabalho em questão visa a abordar o conhecimento tradicional associado à biodiversidade e o Direito de Patente em uma perspectiva crítica, apontando para análises sobre os fundamentos dos principais acordados internacionais, a saber, TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) e CDB (Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica). Para tanto, parte-se de uma abordagem teórica baseada nos preceitos de intersubjetividade e reconhecimento desenvolvidos, por Axel Honneth, bem como a combinação desses preceitos com a possibilidade de viver plenamente o direito, nos termos propostos por Zenon Bankowski. Ademais, acrescenta-se ao raciocínio uma análise empírica sobre o complexo do curare tradicionalmente utilizado pelos povos ameríndios que consiste na apresentação de depósitos de patentes existentes sobre a substância química que compõe esse complexo. Por fim, apresenta-se um conjunto de inferências possibilitadas pela interpretação dos fatos empíricos à luz do referencial teórico, o que permite evidenciar a falibilidade do sistema jurídico de patentes.
Resenha do livro Empire, de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri
Authors: Capella Giannattasio Arthur Roberto
Published: April 2018

Resenha do Livro Empire, de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri
A política do Direito Internacional: 20 anos depois
Authors: Koskenniemi Martti
Published: April 2018

Este texto examina algumas das mudanças em meu curso de pensamento sobre a política de engajamento no direito internacional desde a publicação original do artigo que abriu a primeira edição do European Journal of International Law, em 1990. O texto aponta a mudança de foco que vai da indeterminação (com a qual continuo comprometido) dos argumentos legais para os enviesamentos estruturais das instituições internacionais. Em seguida, discute a política de definição, ou seja, a prática estratégica de definir situações e problemas internacionais por meio de novas linguagens especializadas a fim de se obter controle sobre eles. O texto ataca o crescente “gerencialismo” da área e encerra com algumas reflexões sobre a importância do momento histórico do estabelecimento do European Journal, há vinte anos.
Editorial
Authors: Sanchez Bandin Michelle Ratton , Morosini Fabio Costa , Capella Giannattasio Arthur Roberto
Published: April 2018

Editorial da RDI N. 1, Vol. 15
Antitesticular activities of different solvent fractions from hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of Cuminum cyminum in albino rat: A Comparative analysis
Authors: Pakhira Bhabani Prasad , Ghosh Abhinandan , Tripathy Adrija , Ghosh Debidas
Published: April 2018

Currently available contraceptives are associated with adverse effects. So, search on safer agents in this purpose is one of the priority areas of WHO. Our previous study showed a significant antifertility effect of hydro-methanol extract of Cuminum cyminum Linn (Umbelliferae) in male albino rat. The main objective of this work isto search outthe potentfraction of hydro-methanol extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum in adult male albino rat for the development of herbal male contraceptive to reduce the bio-burden of phytomolecules. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum were administrated orally to male rat. Results showed the maximum antitesticular activity of chloroform fraction (CH-Fr) than other fractions included here. Treatment with CH-Fr fraction resulted a significant inhibition in spermiological parameters, activities of testicular androgenic key enzymes and antioxidative enzymes, levels of serum testosterone and seminal vesicular fructose, number of different generations of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenic cell cycle and seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) along with significant increase in the level of testicular cholesterol in respect to the control. Significant upward and downward expression in Bax and Bcl-2 gene of male germ cells were indicated which focussed the sperm apoptotic enhancer activities of the fraction. The findings indicated that among the said four different fractions, the chloroform fraction of the hydro-methanol extract of the seed of Cuminum cyminum had most effective antitesticular activity.
Gmelina arborea: chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and applications
Authors: Arora Charu , Tamrakar Vinita
Published: April 2018

Gmelina arborea (G. arborea) is a bio-prospective plant belonging to family verbenaceae. It is widely used for it’s medicinal properties from ancient times. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, medicinal properties and chemical constituents isolated from G. arborea based on literature reported as well as critical analysis of the research. The present article is aimed to provide information on recent advances and new foundations and direction for further exploring G. arborea for its applications. Pharmacological research reviewed that G. arborea possess various medicinal properties and biological  activities including antidiuretic, antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic, antianalgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiopotective, insecticidal, antiulcer, gastro-protective, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and immunomodulatory activity. It has been reported for its applications in treatment of bone fracture, hypertension and regeneration of β-cells. The main chemical constituents of G. arborea include lignans, iridoid glycoside, flavonoids, flavons, flavone glycoside and sterols. The present review provides all the references and beneficial directions to explore further application of G. arborea.