bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensão universitária na ótica de acadêmicos: o agente fomentador das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Bordin Danielle , Gomes Adrielle Mendes de Paula , Fadel Cristina Berger , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Saliba Nemre Adas
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a percepção de acadêmicos de Odontologia acerca de um programa de extensão, sob a ótica da aproximação com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do referido curso. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido com acadêmicos (n=5) participantes de um programa de atenção à gestante. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de grupo focal e analisados pela Técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Foi possível observar que o impacto exercido pela vivência acadêmica em atividades extensionistas aprimora o desenvolvimento científico, técnico e de relações humanas. No campo do desenvolvimento científico, o ganho foi no recebimento de estímulos para desenvolver suas aptidões para buscar novos conhecimentos e fixar o conteúdo teórico na vivência prática. Quanto ao desenvolvimento técnico, houve aprimoramento do conhecimento técnico-científico e prático para a atenção humanizada às gestantes, além do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, cognitivas (para o entendimento do funcionamento do sistema público de saúde) e de comunicação e expressão do acadêmico. No campo do desenvolvimento das relações humanas, o profícuo relacionamento estabelecido entre acadêmico, universidade e sociedade permitiu incrementar as habilidades de trabalhar em equipe e o senso de cidadania. Conclui-se que um programa de extensão se configura como excelente oportunidade de formação profissional, mais contextualizada com as habilidades propostas nas DCN.
Avaliação da eficácia de um fluxograma como auxiliar no ensino de diagnóstico periodontal
Authors: Vilar Gabriel Crispim , Schuelfer Jordana Mendes , E Silva Cléversom De Oliveira , Martins Flavia Matarazzo
Published: August 2018

Considerando os vários tipos de doenças periodontais, que requerem diferentes formas de tratamento, é crucial que um diagnóstico preciso seja estabelecido, para se evitar tratamentos ineficazes. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de um fluxograma como auxiliar no diagnóstico das doenças periodontais no ensino. Sessenta alunos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, igualmente distribuídos entre o 3º, 4º e 5º anos da graduação, aceitaram participar deste estudo experimental e cruzado. Os estudantes foram submetidos à três questões clínicas periodontais hipotéticas, cujos diagnósticos deveriam ser apresentados primeiramente sem o fluxograma e, em seguida, com a ferramenta auxiliar. Sem o fluxograma, a quantidade de diagnósticos corretos foi de 52%, enquanto com fluxograma, este valor correspondeu a 84%, havendo diferença estatística entre eles (p<0,001). Não houve diferença no número de diagnósticos corretos e incorretos entre os anos de graduação. Pode-se concluir que o uso do fluxograma como auxiliar no diagnóstico periodontal aumenta o número de diagnósticos periodontais corretos.
Epidemiologia em Saúde Coletiva: reflexões sobre uma experiência pedagógica integrando pós-graduação e serviço de saúde
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana , Medeiros Angélica Tereza Nascimento de , Farias-Santos Bárbara Cássia de Santana , Menezes Taiana Brito , Oliveira Zilane Silva Barbosa de , Noro Luiz Roberto Augusto
Published: August 2018

A Epidemiologia subsidia o planejamento em saúde configurando-se como conhecimento essencial na produção do conhecimento e na tomada de decisão. O objetivo do estudo foi refletir acerca de uma experiência pedagógica proporcionada pelo componente curricular Epidemiologia em Saúde Coletiva do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Trata-se de um relato de experiência desenvolvido baseando-se nos princípios teóricos da sistematização de experiências propostos por Holliday. A referida experiência foi centrada em estratégia pedagógica que vislumbrou a situação do serviço como lócus de construção de proposta de intervenção, permitindo ao aluno o protagonismo como elemento fundante de seu aprendizado. A articulação com o serviço e seus profissionais foi fundamental para a sinalização das propostas de intervenção. O desafio da integração entre universidade e serviço de saúde é elemento fundamental no avanço de políticas públicas de saúde, em especial na perspectiva dos cursos de pós-graduação responsáveis pela produção de novo conhecimento e pelo entendimento do serviço como cenário privilegiado para aprendizado do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Factores de riesgos psicosociales presentes en el ambiente de trabajo de enfermería en Hospitales públicos de Córdoba, Jujuy, La Pampa y Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Authors: Demaría MJ , Farías MA , Acevedo GE
Published: August 2018

Abstract The objective of this research was to identify psychosocial risks in the work of nurses in public institutions in second level of attention in the provinces of Cordoba, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero and La Pampa, Argentina. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed over 1129 nurses belonging to public hospitals in the provinces of Cordoba, Santiago del Estero, La Pampa and Jujuy, chosen through simple random probability sample, with a level of confidence of 95% and error sampling of 5%. It was determined, regarding hiding emotions, when asking Do you consider your work causes emotional distress, that in Cordoba there is 82.2 % of positive answers, the same as in Santiago del Estero; the frequence sometimes is 85.8% in Jujuy and it also exceeds 80% in La Pampa. A similar situation is presented with the question Do you have to keep you emotions and avoid expressing them; the highest frequency of answers goes for the categories always and frequently. It was found that between 20 and 40% of workers expressed they cannot do their work in peace and keep it up to date. As a conclusion, this health staff presents high frequency of exposition to psychosocial risks in the work setting, creating the need to find out about the conditioning factors of these risks and set up actions to promote healthier working environments.
Factores psicosociales del ambiente laboral en profesores de áreas urbanas y rurales de Chuquisaca, Bolivia
Authors: Solis-Soto Maria Teresa , Schön Anabel , Parra Manuel , Radon Katja
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objective: To compare psychosocial risk dimensions in urban area and rural area teachers from Chuquisaca, Bolivia. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 60 schools chosen at random (27 urban, 23 rural) in Chuquisaca; 1062 teachers were invited to participate (response 58%). To measure psychosocial risks, the short version of the questionnaire SUSESO-ISTAS21 was used, calculating odd ratios and its confidence interval of 95%, through models of logistic regression adjusted according to age, gender, higher academic degree and income. Results: Rural area teachers showed higher percentages of psychosocial risk compared to urban area ones, mainly in these dimensions: psychological demand (ORa 1.6; CI 95% 1.1-2.5), social support and leadership quality (2.9; 1.9-4.8) and doble presence (2.2; 1.5-3.4). Conclusions: Differences were found in psychosocial risks, unfavorable for rural area teachers, fact which could have an effect on mental and physical health.
El Sistema de remuneración e incentivos en la salud, como un instrumento para la mejora de la calidad de atención.
Authors: Gomez Patricia Fabiana , Enders Julio
Published: August 2018

Introduction: It is important to note that incentive systems and its contradictions, need to be analyzed,  with particular attention to the practice of health in order to mediate the possible effects on the system. Objective: To analyze existing remuneration sta ndards and incentives in health institutions and their relationship to the quality of service delivery, in Córdoba, Argentina. Method: Observational, analytic and correlationa. Universe mul-tipurpose health institutions, public and private. Two-stage random sample. Instrument, documentary analysis, two self-administered survey, and standardized quality indices. Primary and secondary source. Results: A higher proportion of nursing and medicine with respect to psychology and social work. Women prevail 2-1 , young people between 20 and 39 years , age 5-15 years. The  permanent public plant is greater than private (p =0.002) , whereas the reverse situation is employed the (p = 0.0001 ) arises, however the ratio is similar in the interior and in capital. In the composition of the remuneration the three items were recognize: basic amount, age and title of degree. The public sector has
a salary greater than the private (p < 0.0001). The incentives they receive, concentrate on training and awards. A correlation between the IACC , and IMRA Iaçu variables regar-ding the antiquity (p < 0.01) , the amount of wages ( p < 0.0001 ), economic incentives (p< 0.0001 ) , nature legal (p < 0.05 ) and the status of magazine (p < 0.01).
Agudeza y maduración visual en los niños y niñas del barrio Tres Ombúes, escuelas 276, 148 y Montserrat 2008, 2009 y 2010, Montevideo, Uruguay Arthur H, Oliniski M, Vignolo J.
Authors: Hein Arthur, , Oliniski Mónica, , Vignolo Ballestero Julio
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Undiagnosed visual problems are frequent in school age children. A record of visual acuity not reaching the unit may correspond to a morbid fact or to a particular moment in the development of the child's sight. So, it is interesting to know the age when the maturation of the visual process usually finishes. This work describes these facts in a population of school age children. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of visual acuity and maturation in children from schools 276, 148 and Montserrat, in Tres Ombúes neighborhood, years 2008, 2009 and 2010. Material and Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study of 2088 records of VA (separate eyes) corresponding to 1045 children between 5 and 14 years old. Records were taken using Snellen chart at 5 meters and were distributed according to age and VA reached.  Results: From the 2088 visual records that were analyzed, 76% presented VA 10/10 and 24% presented a lower record. When comparing according to age, we observe that the prevalence of the record VA 10/10 increases up to age 7 reaching 86% and remains between 78 and 87% up to age 14. Conclusions: We can observe that up to age 7, the number of eyes reaching the record 10/10 increases, so we can confirm the hypothesis that children complete the process of visual development and at that age. We find an important number of visual records which do not reach VA 10/10 even after the age when children have usually completed VA development. Recommendations: Carry out systematic VA control of pre-school age children and provide feedback to children's relatives and teachers.
La Kañiwa:nueva alternativa alimentaria para la prevención de la desnutrición y las enfermedades Cardiovasculares.
Authors: Torrejon Irma , Martín Beatriz Lilia , De La Puente Teresita Beatriz , Nasser Julio Rubén , Rizzi Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Abstract
There are different Andean cereals, such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) which are currently being appreciated because of their high nutritional value. Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) represents a new food alternative due to its richness in nutrients.The objective of this research is to analyze the content of macro and micro nutrients present in the Kañiwa, so as to use it as functional food.The content of macro and micro nutrients was determined using AOAC-IRAM standards. Results: It is rich in proteins, iron, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and it does not have trans fats.Conclusions: Kañiwa would contribute to improve hidden hunger, prevent the development of iron deficiency, optimize the functioning of the immune system and avoid the development of cardivascular diseases thanks to its content of healthy fats.
Características del proceso de la maternidad en la Provincia del Neuquén durante el periodo 1995/2014. La importancia del parto humanizado
Authors: Álvarez María E. , Bercovich Gabriela Andrea , Zanovello Estefanía
Published: August 2018

Medical interventions during pregnancy as well as in the delivery process and particularly in elective C-section, are a debate issue among different specialists. The objective was to characterize the maternity process in the Province of Neuquén during the period 19952014.Specifically, it tries to describe prenatal controls in the public system and how deliveries result in the province, deepening if the variables mother age and educational level show any tendency when incorporated to the study. As a conclusion, it is not important to consider increasing prenatal control, but to reconsider pregnancy care, as regards modality and how it is carried out. The underlying strategy should refer to health professionals accompanying and informing during the maternity process.
Estudio Bibliométrico de la Producción Científica Argentina en Cáncer a través de las Bases de Datos Medline y Lilacs
Authors: Juárez Rolando Pablo , Barrere Rodolfo Martín
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This article analyzes the profile of Argentinian scientific production in the field of cancer between 2001 and 2010. Bibliometric research was carried out through Medline and Lilacs databases. In Medline, 1132 documents were registered. Bradford nucleus was made up of 37 journals with 379 publications. The most productive institution (71 documents) was Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (UBA). In Lilacs, 824 documents were registered. Bradford nucleus was made up of 5 journals with 291 publications and the most productive institution (86 documents) was Hospital Italiano (CABA). Cancer research is increasing in Argentina; there is a large production in National Universities (Medline) and in national and provincial Hospitals (Lilacs), with important participation in descriptive observational research.
Calidad de vida en los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con enfermedad terminal, bajo un programa de cuidados paliativos domiciliarios
Authors: Coca Silvia Mercedes
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Introduction: Life quality of caregivers of patients in end stage diseases can be seriously affected. Some authors state that spouses of patients with terminal diseases can spend up to 100 hours a week taking care of them; this situation may damage the physical and psychosocial health of the caregiver as well as their spiritual wellbeing. This dimension is extremely important to manage the care of patients with terminal diseases in an integral way. Objective: To analyze the life quality of caregivers, relatives of patients with terminal diseases, under a program of home-palliative care depending from a private hospital in the city of Cordoba in the period December 2015- April 2017. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in caregivers, relatives of patients registered in the Home Care Program, depending from “Hospital Privado” of Cordoba. No probability sampling of 310 patients and their relative caregivers was used. SF-36 was the instrument applied to measure life quality related to health. Exploratory descriptive analysis and multivariate inferential models were used. Results:The identified profile is a woman, over 60 years old, patient’s wife or daughter who, on average, takes care of the patient for a year. Caregivers over 60 are less aware of life quality than caregivers under 60 in the following dimensions: physical role, vitality, pain, general health, physical function and finally in the two essential components of the scale: physical and mental. Conclusion: It can be stated that independently of the disease and the time the patient can be under home care, the age of caregivers (over 60 years old) is and important factor that affects the dimensions of life quality mentioned above.
Pemuliaan Tanaman Padi melalui Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit dalam Upacara Bersih Desa di Geneng, Trucuk, Klaten, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sutiyono Sutiyono , Rumiwiharsih . , Suharjana Bambang
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk pemuliaan tanaman padi melalui pertunjukan wayang kulit lakon Dewi Sri dalam upacara Bersih Desa. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Geneng, Trucuk, Klaten, Jawa Tengah dari bulan MeiÂ Â  hingga SeptemberÂ  2017. Sebagai subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat petani Desa Geneng,Â  sesepuh Desa Geneng, dalang wayang kulit, pengrawit, jurukunci makam, penjual makanan, dan peziarah. Cara pengumpulan data ditempuhÂ  dengan: observasi, dokumentasi, studi pustaka, dan wawancara. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan tahapan: koleksi data, reduksi data, pemeriksaan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk mengetahui keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa: (1) Tata cara pemuliaan tanaman padi adalah dengan mengadakan upacara Bersih Desa meliputi pembersihan manusia dan lingkungan secara Â fisik dan batin di Desa geneng yang disertai doa berssama,Â  (2) Tata cara pemuliaan tanaman padi adalah dengan mempresentasiknan Lakon Dewi Sri dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit, yang mengisahkan bahwa kehidupan manusia sangat tergantung pada kehidupan Dewi Sri yang memberi kesejahteraan umat manusia.This study aims to describe the form of rice plant breeding through shadow puppetÂ  performing artÂ  in Bersih Desa ritual. The research approach used is qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Geneng, Trucuk, Klaten, Central Java from May to September 2017. As the research subjects were farmers of Geneng Village, Geneng village elders, puppeteer puppeteers, pengrawit, jurukunci graves, food vendors, and pilgrims. Data collection is done by: observation, documentation, literature study, and interview. Research data is analyzed by stages: data collection, data reduction, data examination, and conclusion. To know the validity of data is done with triangulation. The expected result of this research is the form of rice plant breeding through wayang kulit kulit play Dewi Sri in Clean Village ceremony is a cultural activity consisting of: (1) Procedure of rice plant breeding is to conduct a physical and mental cleansing ceremony in Geneng Village accompanied by a prayer together, (2) The procedure of rice plant breeding is by presenting Dewi Sri in the wayang kulit show, which tells us that human life is very dependent on the life of Dewi Sri giving the welfare of mankind.
Weak and slow, strong and fast: How shear zones evolve in a dry continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia)
Authors: Hawemann Friedrich , Mancktelow Neil , Pennacchioni Giorgio , Wex Sebastian , Camacho Alfredo
Published: August 2018

The strike-slip Davenport Shear Zone in Central Australia developed during the Petermann Orogeny (~ 550 Ma) in an intracontinental lower crustal setting under dry sub-eclogite facies conditions (~ 650 °C, 1.2 GPa). This ca. 5 km wide mylonite zone encloses several large low-strain domains, allowing a detailed study of the initiation of shear zones and their progressive development. Quartzo-feldspathic gneisses and granitoids contain compositional layers, such as quartz-rich pegmatite dykes, mafic bands and dykes, which should preferentially localize viscous deformation if favorably orientated. This is not observed, except for long, continuous and fine grained dolerite dykes. Instead, many shear zones, typically a few millimeters to centimeters in width but extending for tens of meters, commonly exploited pseudotachylytes and are sometimes parallel to a network of little overprinted fractures. The recrystallized mineral assemblage in the sheared pseudotachylyte is similar to that in the host gneiss, without associated hydration due to fluid-rock interaction. Lack of localization in quartz-rich, coarser grained (typically >50 µm) rocks compared to mafic dykes, precursor fractures and pseudotachylytes implies that localization in the dry lower crust preferentially occurs along elongate, planar fine-grained layers. Transient high stress repeatedly initiated fractures, providing finer grained, weaker, planar precursors that localized subsequent ductile shear zones. This intimate interplay between brittle and ductile deformation suggests a local source for lower crustal earthquakes, rather than downward migration of earthquakes from the shallower, usually more seismogenic part of the crust.
Demographic Analysis of Adult Patients Presenting With Unilateral Ear Discharge at National Medical College
Authors: Jha Amit
Published: August 2018

Background: Discharging ear is a common symptom among the patients presenting in ENT OPD for consultation. The commonest cause for discharging ear is chronic otitis media. Poverty, ignorance, crowded living conditions due to large families, poor sanitation, and lack of personal and environmental hygiene are some of the main factors behind the prevalence of chronic otitis media. National medical college and teaching hospital is a tertiary care center located in Birgunj metropolitan city in central Nepal. It caters to thousands of patients with discharging ear each year.Methods: This qualitative, descriptive study was carried out in department of ENT-HNS at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital located Birgunj-15, Parsa, Province no. 2 of Nepal for duration of one year from August 1, 2014 to July 30, 2015. Two hundred and five (205) adult patients with complains of unilateral          discharging ear were included in the study.Results: Mostly female patients and those in the age group of 15-30 years from Bara and Parsa districts of Nepal including the areas around the Indo-Nepal border avail the services of department of ENT-HNS of National medical college and teaching hospital.Conclusions: The delivery of ENT-HNS services to the concerned patients is insufficient and inefficient owning to various factors. The government of Nepal and India along with National medical college and teaching hospital can work together to improve the situation. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 48-51
Protective Role of Antioxidants in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Adak Manoranjan
Published: August 2018

Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is a serious cause of liver disease worldwide. Any abnormality or dysfunction of the liver leads major impairment of the organ function, which in turn, influences the health of the individual. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes fatty liver, hepatic inflammation, liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, alcoholic hepatitis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. The metabolism of ethanol generates reactive oxygen species, which play a significant role in the deterioration of alcoholic liver disease. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. Antioxidants, phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, regulate the expression of ALDassociated proteins and peptides, namely, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in-vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 75-88
Kilka uwag o kontraktowym uzasadnieniu zasad sprawiedliwości u Johna Rawlsa
Authors: Polaczuk Paweł
Published: August 2018

Autor podjął się przeanalizowania wybranych wątków krytyki teorii sprawiedliwości Johna Rawlsa. Chodzi o ograniczenia, jakim podlegają rozumowania oparte na konstrukcji umowy społecznej. Są one związane charakterem porozumienia dotyczącego zasad sprawiedliwości oraz jej miejscem i rolą w strukturze hipotetycznych umów dotyczących reguł współdziałania członków społeczeństwa. Redukcji ulega przez to różnorodność warunków kontraktowych oraz uwarunkowań, w jakich kształtują się intuicyjne poglądy o sprawiedliwości. W rezultacie argumentacja dotycząca zasad sprawiedliwości, które miały wyrażać intuicyjne poglądy o sprawiedliwości, ogranicza się do problematyki korzyści uzyskiwanych przez podmioty porozumiewające się w sprawie zasad.
Światopoglądowe zasady badań historyczno-filozoficznych Dmytrа Czyżewskiego
Authors: Artiuch Wiaczesław
Published: August 2018

W artykule zanalizowano pojęcie „światopogląd” w rozumieniu Dmytra Czyżewskiego. Pokazano, że D. Czyżewski wiązał pojęcie „światopogląd” z terminem „charakter narodowy”. Oznacza to, że zdaniem D. Czyżewskiego poglądy na świat poszczególnych nacji różnią się między sobą. Ponadto, według Czyżewskiego, pojęcia „idea narodowa” oraz „charakter narodowy” są szczególnie przydatne w badaniach nad światopoglądem, którego wyrazem jest ukraińska filozofia.
Information Distribution Service of Tourism and Creative Industry Using Mobile Application Technology
Authors: Wahab Deden A , Setiawan Eko Budi , Wahdiniwaty Rahma
Published: August 2018

Creative industries and tourism is one sector that is easiest to improve the condition of the economy of a region. This study discusses the information distribution service usage model of mobile application technology using Location Based Service (LBS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) in the development of creative industries through integration with products of tourist destinations. By using the technology of location based services and global positioning system that will be developed and implemented on the application of geographic information systems and web-based mobile android, then the those creative industries would be material and guidance in utilizing information technology as a means to promote the business of creative industries it has to be more effective and efficient
Effect of Active Carbon of Coffee Robusta Waste (Coffea robusta Lindl.) in Reducing Iron of Peat Water
Authors: Rakhmina Dinna , Mulanova Rizki , Haitami Haitami
Published: August 2018

Peat water has a distinctive dark brown or yellow color, low pH, it tastes sour, high organic matter content, high levels of iron and manganese. One of the ways that can be used to reduce the levels of iron in peat water is doing adsorption process by using activated carbon coffee waste because the coffee waste included organic ingredients. The purpose of this research was to identify the influence of the concentration of activated carbon robusta coffee waste (Coffea robusta Lindl.) against the iron levels in peat water. This research uses the draft Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Manufacture of activated carbon robusta coffee waste (Coffea robusta Lindl.) consists of the processes of dehydration, carbonization, and activation, with the results 25.9% of rendemen, 14.05% water content, a rate of 9.9% ash, and iod absorbance 647.19 mg/g. Activated carbon coffee waste added to 100 ml of peat water as much as 3 gr, 4.5 gr, and 6 gr with the stirring speed 400 rpm for 60 minutes obtained early iron levels of 2.75 mg/L and dropped to 1.19 mg/L, 1.02 mg/L, and 0.95 mg/L. Conclusions This study is there is the influence of the concentration of activated carbon robusta coffee waste (Coffea robusta Lindl.) against the iron level of peat water iron and frequency of 6 gr as a concentration of the best efficiency adsorption of 65.4% because it can reduce the levels of iron in 100 ml of peat water from 2.75 mg/L be 0.95 mg/L. By regulation of the Minister of health RI No. 416/Menkes/PER/IX/1990 namely of 1.0 mg/L. Suggestions for further research to improve the heating temperature and concentration of the Activator to obtain active carbon absorption.
Phenolic Contents, Metal Contaminations, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Five Medicinal Dietary Spices
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Manzoor Saima , Naseem Sadia , Saddiq Sehrish , Rashid Rehana
Published: August 2018

Five exotic dietary and medicinal spices (Trachyspermum ammi, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum (Black pepper, Anacardium occidentate, Syzygium aromaticum) were studied for their metal contaminations, phenolic contents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. White pepper contains maximum phenolic contents and black pepper showed higher antioxidant potential. Clove showed maximum antimicrobial potential (25-30 mm) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (18-21 mm). White pepper contained maximum phenolic contents. Estimation of metal contamination in spices indicated that K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Co, As, Hg, Mo were above the standard permissible limits (SPL), Cr, Ni and Cd within standard permissible limits, whereas, Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb were below standard permissible limits.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 55-62, 2018
Thrombolytic Activity of Alkaline Protease Purified from a Mutant Strain Bacillus licheniformis MZK05M9
Authors: Zaman Md Asad Uz , Akhtar Taqiyah , Azam ATM Zafrul , Mamun Md Arafat Al , Hoq Md Mozammel , Mazid Md Abdul
Published: August 2018

Investigations were performed to find out new microbial enzymes as thrombolytics having better efficacy and specificity. Mutant strain of Bacillus species, B. licheniformis MZK05M9 was cultured in modified urea-glucose media followed by purification using ammonium sulphate precipitation and ultrafiltration through centricon tube of specific MWCO value. The production method yielded 823.42 units/mg of the crude enzyme from mutant strain MZK05M9 and after purification 37695.64 units/mg. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated as 27.2 kDa and purification increased its specific activity to 16.5 fold with a recovery of 10%. The purified proteases were identified as serine proteases by irreversible inhibition of activity with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and it exhibited 32.84% thrombolytic activity, by in vitro clot lysis assay. Stability studies showed that crude enzyme from mutant strain MZK05M9 remained stable up to a temperature of 45˚C and showed maximum stability at pH range 7.5 to 8.5. Our observation indicates that proteases produced by Bacillus licheniformis mutant have the potential to be developed as a viable thrombolytic agent.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 63-70, 2018
Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) in Combination with Metformin Potentiates Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Islam Monirul , Islam Md Saiful , Zannah Shaheda , Sadik Golam , Rashid Mamunur
Published: August 2018

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in combination with a standard oral hypoglycemic agent metformin on alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). Both the plant extract and the drug, individually and in combination, were subjected in vivo for two weeks (short term) and four weeks (long term) treatment protocol to determine blood glucose level, lipid profile and liver glycogen level using Swiss Albino rats. In short term treatment protocol, bitter melon extract (BME) at a dose of 75, 150 and 300 mg/ kg body weight (bw) were administered in AIDRs by using oral gavages once daily and dose-dependent antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects were investigated. This short term study revealed that the most effective dose of BME was found as 300 mg/kg bw among the three doses. In long term treatment protocol, AIDRs in different groups received fixed dose monotherapy of BME (300 mg/kg bw) and metformin (15 mg/kg bw) and fixed dose BME (150 mg/kg bw) and metformin (7.5 mg/kg bw) combination therapy. The study showed that combination therapy significantly decreased the blood glucose level from 18.42 ± 0.95 to 6.80 ± 0.39 mmol/l in comparison to the control group after daily treatment for four weeks. In case of antidyslipidemic effect, combination therapy reduced total cholesterol (34.25%), triglycerides (11.92%) and LDL-cholesterol (57.73%) levels and increased HDL-cholesterol level (55.48%) in comparison with their respective control groups. Metformin, BME and their combination preserved the liver glycogen level by 35.21%, 22.54% and 49.01%, respectively in comparison to diabetic control group. These changes were significantly better than those of BME and metformin monotherapy. The results suggested that treatment with combination therapy was more effective than mono-therapy for preventing diabetes as bitter melon extract potentiates the effects of metformin on long term alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(2): 109-117, 2018
Thermal Characteristics Investigation of the Internal Combustion Engine Cooling-Combustion System Using Thermal Boundary Dynamic Coupling Method and Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Xu Zhexuan , Lin Jiewei , Lin Zefeng , Wang Jingchao , Xu Tianshu
Published: August 2018

The engine cooling system must be able to match up with the stable operating conditions so as to guarantee the engine performance. On the working cycle level, however, the dynamic thermo-state of engines has not been considered in the cooling strategy. Besides, the frequent over-cooling boiling inside the gallery changes the cooling capacity constantly. It is necessary to study the coupling effect caused by the interaction of cooling flow and in-cylinder combustion so as to provide details of the dynamic control of cooling systems. To this end, this study develops a coupled modeling scheme of the cooling process considering the interaction of combustion and coolant flow. The global reaction mechanism is used for the combustion process and the multiphase flow method is employed to simulate the coolant flow considering the wall boiling and the interphase forces. The two sub-models exchange information of in-cylinder temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and wall temperature to achieve the coupled computation. The proposed modeling process is verified through the measured diesel engine power, in-cylinder pressure, and fire surface temperature of cylinder head. Then the effects of different cooling conditions on the cyclic engine performances are analyzed and discussed.
Method for the Analysis and Visualization of Similar Flow Hotspot Patterns between Different Regional Groups
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Zhou Xingxing , Gu Xin , Zhou Lei , Ji Genlin , Tang Guoan
Published: August 2018

Interaction among different regions can be illustrated in the form of a stream. For example, the interaction between the flows of people and information among different regions can reflect city network structures, as well as city functions and interconnections. The popularization of big data has facilitated the acquisition of flow data for various types of individuals. The application of the regional interaction model, which is based on the summary level of individual flow data mining, is currently a hot research topic. Thus far, however, previous research on spatial interaction methods has mainly focused on point-to-point and area-to-area interaction patterns, and investigations on the patterns of interaction hotspots between two regional groups with predefined neighborhood relationships, that being with two regions, remain scarce. In this study, a method for the identification of similar interaction hotspot patterns between two regional groups is proposed, and geo-information Tupu methods are applied to visualize interaction patterns. China’s air traffic flow data are used as an example to illustrate the performance of the proposed method to identify and analyze interaction hotspot patterns between regional groups with adjoining relationships across China. Research results indicate that the proposed method efficiently identifies the patterns of interaction flow hotspots between regional groups. Moreover, it can be applied to analyze any flow space in the excavation of the patterns of regional group interaction hotspots.
Tau in Oligodendrocytes Takes Neurons in Sickness and in Health
Authors: LoPresti Patrizia
Published: August 2018

Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are lifelong partners of neurons. They adjust to the functional demands of neurons over the course of a lifetime to meet the functional needs of a healthy CNS. When this functional interplay breaks down, CNS degeneration follows. OLG processes are essential features for OLGs being able to connect with the neurons. As many as fifty cellular processes from a single OLG reach and wrap an equal number of axonal segments. The cellular processes extend to meet and wrap axonal segments with myelin. Further, transport regulation, which is critical for myelination, takes place within the cellular processes. Because the microtubule-associated protein tau plays a crucial role in cellular process extension and myelination, alterations of tau in OLGs have deleterious effects, resulting in neuronal malfunction and CNS degeneration. Here, we review current concepts on the lifelong role of OLGs and myelin for brain health and plasticity. We present key studies of tau in OLGs and select important studies of tau in neurons. The extensive work on tau in neurons has considerably advanced our understanding of how tau promotes either health or disease. Because OLGs are crucial to neuronal health at any age, an understanding of the functions and regulation of tau in OLGs could uncover new therapeutics for selective CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
Is TAK1 a Direct Upstream Kinase of AMPK?
Authors: Neumann Dietbert
Published: August 2018

Alongside Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) has been suggested as a direct upstream kinase of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Several subsequent studies have reported on the TAK1-AMPK relationship, but the interpretation of the respective data has led to conflicting views. Therefore, to date the acceptance of TAK1 as a genuine AMPK kinase is lagging behind. This review provides with argumentation, whether or not TAK1 functions as a direct upstream kinase of AMPK. Several specific open questions that may have precluded the consensus are discussed based on available data. In brief, TAK1 can function as direct AMPK upstream kinase in specific contexts and in response to a subset of TAK1 activating stimuli. Further research is needed to define the intricate signals that are conditional for TAK1 to phosphorylate and activate AMPKα at T172.
Cinnamoyl-Oxaborole Amides: Synthesis and Their in Vitro Biological Activity
Authors: Gumbo Maureen , Beteck Richard M. , Mandizvo Tawanda , Seldon Ronnett , Warner Digby F. , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Isaacs Michelle , Laming Dustin , Tam Christina C. , Cheng Luisa W. , Liu Nicole , Land Kirkwood M. , Khanye Setshaba D.
Published: August 2018

Due to the increased interest in their application in the treatment of infectious diseases, boron-containing compounds have received a significant coverage in the literature. Herein, a small set of novel cinnamoly-oxaborole amides were synthesized and screened against nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei for antitrypanosomal activity. Compound 5g emerged as a new hit with an in vitro IC50 value of 0.086 μM against T. b. brucei without obvious inhibitory activity against HeLa cell lines. The same series was also screened against other human pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), for which moderate to weak activity (10 to >125 μM) was observed. Similarly, these compounds exhibited moderate activity against the human protozoal pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with no observed effect on common microbiome bacterial species. The cross-species inhibitory activity presents the possibility of these compounds serving as broad-spectrum antibiotics for these prevalent three human pathogens.
Technetium Complexes and Radiopharmaceuticals with Scorpionate Ligands
Authors: Martini Petra , Pasquali Micol , Boschi Alessandra , Uccelli Licia , Giganti Melchiore , Duatti Adriano
Published: August 2018

Scorpionate ligands have played a crucial role in the development of technetium chemistry and, recently, they have also fueled important advancements in the discovery of novel diagnostic imaging agents based on the γ-emitting radionuclide technetium-99m. The purpose of this short review is to provide an illustration of the most general and relevant results in this field, however without being concerned with the details of the analytical features of the various compounds. Thus, emphasis will be given to the description of the general features of technetium complexes with scorpionate ligands including coordination modes, structural properties and an elementary bonding description. Similarly, the most relevant examples of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals derived from scorpionate ligands and their potential interest for nuclear imaging will be summarized.
A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation Method Based on C30-HPLC and an Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Chinese Herbal Formula, Erzhiwan
Authors: Nie Ying , Yao Weifeng
Published: August 2018

The quantitative analysis of multiple indexes remains an important quality evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formulas. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 only stipulates the content of a single component, specnuezhenide, in Erzhiwan composed of the Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) powder and aqueous extracts of Herba Ecliptae (HE). To generalize the intrinsic quality of Erzhiwan, a novel C30-HPLC method with good precision, accuracy, and reproducibility was developed for the simultaneous determination of six compounds, including two isomers, and then an analytic hierarchy process was further applied to integrate and discriminate the quality of four samples prepared via different methods. The results of the analysis were in agreement with the antioxidant tests in vitro. This comprehensive strategy could provide a reference and suggestions for the improvement of the quality evaluation method of TCM herbal formulas.
Using Trajectories in Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Peter Patrick
Published: August 2018

Quantum cosmology based on the Wheeler De Witt equation represents a simple way to implement plausible quantum effects in a gravitational setup. In its minisuperspace version wherein one restricts attention to FLRW metrics with a single scale factor and only a few degrees of freedom describing matter, one can obtain exact solutions and thus acquire full knowledge of the wave function. Although this is the usual way to treat a quantum mechanical system, it turns out however to be essentially meaningless in a cosmological framework. Turning to a trajectory approach then provides an effective means of deriving physical consequences.
Early Versus Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping on Physiologic Anemia of the Term Newborn Infant
Authors: Alzaree Fatma , Elbohoty Ahmed , Abdellatif Mohamed
Published: August 2018

AIM: Our study aims to make a comparison between the effects of milking of umbilical cord versus delayed cord clamping on Hemoglobin level at 6 weeks from delivery among term neonates and which method is more beneficial for them.DESIGN: It was a randomised control study. Participants were randomised into 2 groups; Group 1: 125 women were assigned to delay cord clamping; Group 2: 125 women were assigned to milking of the umbilical cord 5 times before cutting. Student t-test was used to compare between the two groups for quantitative data, for qualitative data chi-square test and the Correlation coefficient was done to test the association between variables.SETTING: This study was at El-Galaa Teaching Hospital, labour suite. Cairo, Egypt.PARTICIPANTS: A group of 250 pregnant women starting from ≥ 37 weeks’ gestational age.INTERVENTION: In this study, we searched if the mechanism of milking or delayed cord clamping could give some of the positive benefits for neonates or not.RESULTS: In this study, we found that milking of the umbilical cord five times as in group 1 was associated with higher hemoglobin levels at 6 weeks after birth, at physiological anemia of the fetus and significant but clinically there was no difference between the two groups (10.4 ± 0.5 and 10.6 ± 0.5 respectively, P < 0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between haemoglobin of the mother and the newborn during the first day and after 6 weeks with r = 0.349 and 0.283 respectively and a P value < 0.001. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the haemoglobin of the fetus after the first day and fetus at 6 weeks with r = 0.534 and a P value < 0.001. For most other outcomes (including APGAR score, positive pressure ventilation, poor neonatal outcomes such as respiratory distress syndrome there were no significant differences between the two groups. Our study may recommend the use of umbilical cord milking in term babies when delayed cord clamping is unavailable.CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood milking after its clamping improves some important haematological parameters for newborns, especially in countries with high incidence of anaemia in newborns and children.
Serum Midkine Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Marpaung Blondina , Ginting Andi Raga , Sjah OK Moehad
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Midkine (MK) induces inflammation and could inhibit inducible regulatory T cell differentiation. These reports suggest that MK may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease including SLE, but data about MK in SLE patients was still limited, and the role of Midkine in SLE is largely unknown.AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare serum level MK in SLE patients and control, also analysed the relationship between the serum MK level and disease activity in SLE.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Adam Malik Hospital from January-June 2017. Diagnosis of SLE was established according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria, and disease activity was assessed using the Mexican Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (MEX-SLEDAI). Subjects with evidence of malignancy and systemic disease (pulmonary, kidney, liver, metabolic disorder, etc.) were excluded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22nd version. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: There were 90 subjects and divided into 2 groups: SLE patients group (n=40) and healthy control groups (n = 50). Midkine levels were increased in the serum of SLE patients compared by health control. There was a significant difference in the median serum Midkine levels between SLE patients and healthy control (P < 0.001). Elevated Midkine serum levels were a significant difference between active disease and remission (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION: Elevated Midkine serum level could be a marker of SLE disease activity and have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Five new species of Drosophila guarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)
Authors: Peñafiel-Vinueza Ana Danitza , Rafael Violeta
Published: August 2018

Five species of the genus Drosophila are described and illustrated: D.zamoranasp. n., D.quinarensissp. n., D.sachapuyusp. n., D.caxarumisp. n., and D.misisp. n. from the cloud forests of the Podocarpus National Park, in the southern Ecuadorian Andes. Flies were captured using plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast. All the species were found to belong to the Drosophilaguarani species-group.