bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OECD: Globalisering under pres
Authors: Staur Carsten
Published: October 2022

COVID-19, det russiske angreb på Ukraine og klimakrisen har skærpet det politiske pres på de seneste årtiers globaliseringsmodel, samtidig med at borgerne ikke umiddelbart synes indstillet på at opgive de materielle fordele, som de globale forsyningskæder har givet dem. Også OECD’s evidensbaserede tilgang til udvikling af internationale standarder er i stigende grad under pres fra digitale ekkokamre, tunnelsyn og alternative fakta. OECD står i orkanens øje og skal forsøge at udvikle et ny balancepunkt i geopolitikken, som erkender de systemiske forskelle mellem Vesten og Kina/Rusland, men som samtidig også fastholder, at globaliseringen fortsat giver mening på mange områder, ikke mindst i klimapolitikken. Samtidig er der også behov for øget fokus på sammenhængskraften i de enkelte lande og på ulighedsproblematikken.
Finanskrisen – årsager og konsekvenser
Authors: Østrup Finn
Published: October 2022

Begivenhedsforløbet kendt som finanskrisen er et vendepunkt i dansk økonomisk og finansiel historie. Over en periode på kun seks kvartaler – fra 4. kvartal 2007 til 2. kvartal 2009 – falder produktionen med 7,1 procent. Produktionsfaldet er det største siden 2. verdenskrig. Først i 3. kvartal 2014 – dvs. omtrent syv år efter krisens begyndelse – når produktionen igen over niveauet fra slutningen af 2007. Danske finansielle virksomheder har omfattende tab særligt på lån til ejendomsprojekter. Et stort antal pengeinstitutter bliver nødlidende, og mange bryder sammen. Særligt går det ud over de mellemstore pengeinstitutter. Staten intervenerer med store beløb i form af garantier og indskud af kapital i finansielle virksomheder. Krisen får – udover produktionstabet – konsekvenser på flere andre områder, blandt andet medfører krisen et skift i økonomisk tænkning.
Abstracts
Authors: Pedersen David Budtz , Gensby Ulrik , Dragsted Brigitte , Oxlund Bjarke , Lex Simon , Gausset Quentin , Hageman Anine , Bækkeskov Erik , Riis Annemarie Munk , Curtis Tine , Tronier Henrik , Storm Mads Eriksen , Kansager Linnea Kristine , Holck Anne Simone Didriksen , Drost Kate Wu , Østrup Finn , Staur Carsten
Published: October 2022

Abstracts in english
South African neonates with mild and moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Malan R , Van der Linde J , Kritzinger A , Coetzee M , Graham MA , Krüger E
Published: October 2022

Background. Clear risk profiles of neonates with mild and moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are lacking.Objective. To describe and compare factors associated with mild and moderate HIE in South African neonates.Methods. A prospective, comparative design was used to describe factors among South African neonates with mild (n=13) and moderate (n=33) HIE in an urban tertiary academic hospital. HIE diagnosis and encephalopathy grading were conducted using the modified Sarnat stages. Thompson scores were recorded. Participants’ clinical records were reviewed to identify factors. Descriptive data were obtained. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical data, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare continuous data between groups.Results. Significant differences were found between groups’ admission (p<0.001) and highest Thompson scores (p<0.001). The mild group’s APGAR scores were significantly higher than those of the moderate group at five (p=0.012) and ten minutes (p=0.022). Duration of resuscitation (p=0.011) and time to spontaneous respiration (p=0.012) also differed significantly between groups. Significantly more moderate than mild participants received therapeutic hypothermia (TH) (p<0.001).Conclusion. Clinical tests and management factors differed significantly between groups. The findings provided the multidisciplinary team with an increased understanding of the heterogeneous HIE population and add to existing evidence for identifying neonates eligible for TH in resource-limited settings.
The Culture of Choice considered Through Cultural Studies
Authors: Kalaikova Iuliia Vladimirovna , Pankina Marina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2022

The article deals with modern cultural studies of choice, carried out within the framework of a pragmatic turn, a turn to the material, modern critical theory. It is shown that an independent field of cultural studies of choice is outlined, however, due to the complexity of the object for such developments, the fragmentation of the methods and approaches used is specific. To concretize and develop socio-cultural ideas about choice, we propose a specific conceptual construction — the concept of "culture of choice", which has its own internal structure. In the structure of the "culture of choice" we have identified two components: subjective and environmental. The subjective component is understood as cultural values internalized by the individual, norms, rules, principles that guide the subject when making a choice, as well as the subject’s culturally conditioned memory of the past and foresight of the future. The environmental component represents the features of the environment in which the individual makes a choice, information about the alternatives of choice that is currently incoming, as well as the tools and mechanisms of the environment that the subject uses when making a choice.
Face reading the emotions of gelotophobes toward disparaging humorous advertising
Authors: Voutsa Maria C. , Hatzithomas Leonidas , Tsichla Eirini , Boutsouki Christina
Published: October 2022

Prior research has indicated that gelotophobia, people’s fear of being laughed at, influences their emotions toward a disparaging humorous event. Based on two experiments with a sample of 50 Greek participants each, the present study employed face recognition software to explore the emotions of gelotophobes, when exposed to an advertisement. It further examined the moderating role of the type of advertisement (i.e. a disparaging humorous ad vs. a non-disparaging non-humorous ad) and identification with the victim of the joke, on gelotophobes' emotions. At higher levels of identification with the victim, gelotophobes indicated lower levels of joy, joyful (Duchenne) smile, and a positive emotional valence toward a disparaging-humorous advertisement as opposed to non-gelotophobes. Joy was also found to mediate the negative effects of gelotophobia on attitude toward the ad.
Avant-garde humour as ideological supplement
Authors: Romero-Reche Alejandro
Published: October 2022

In 1939, when the Spanish civil war had recently ended, avant-garde humorists Miguel Mihura and Tono published an absurdist propaganda ‘novel’, María de la Hoz [María of the Sickle], about the republican zone during the conflict. Unlike other Francoist propaganda pieces of the time, it did not focus on the violence or the alleged moral degeneracy of the ‘reds’ but rather on what its authors perceived as the absurdity of egalitarianism and the progressive ideals. The novel, while not contradicting the emerging official ideology, conspicuously overlooked some of its key tenets, particularly those related to nationalism, Catholicism and Franco’s leadership. This article contextualises María de la Hoz in the development process of Spanish avant-garde humour and in Francoist propaganda fiction during and immediately after the civil war in order to analyse the ideological stance it represented and, potentially, reinforced. As a political piece, the book seems to convey the position of an affluent middle class who did not enthusiastically believe in Francoism but preferred it to the republican alternative, caricatured as a communist regime by nationalist propaganda.
Perception of First Year Medical Students Regarding Anatomy Classes by YouTube Recorded Sessions versus Live Online Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sarma Mukul , Doley Annie , Dutta Malamoni
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenging situation for the education system worldwide, as it has restricted student movement as a preventive measure. The teaching methodology impacted the medical education system globally, compelling the teacher to find out the effective online methods of teaching. Aim: To know the level of satisfaction of first year medical students of Anatomy classes by YouTube recorded vs live online classes. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based online survey (Google form) completed by 163 numbers of students of phase 1, attending the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam. This study was carried out by using a specially designed questionnaire consisting of points, which was related to the present curriculum in Anatomy, as well as the teaching methodology adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the institute. Then, levels of satisfaction perceived by the students on uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube versus live classes on Zoom or Google meet were assessed in another questionnaire on a three-point scale: excellent, satisfactory, and neutral response. A Chi-square test for proportions was used to find out the statistical significance. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube was found excellent by 61.3% of students whereas classes on Zoom/Google meet were reported to be excellent by 17.8% of students (p-value=0.0001). On the other hand, 66.3% of students found the live classes on Zoom/Google meet “satisfactory” against 36.8% of students who were satisfied with uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube (p-value=0.0001). However, overall 160 (98.16%) students preferred uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube (reported to be excellent or satisfactory), whereas 137(84.05%) preferred live classes on Zoom/Google meet (p-value<0.05; 95%CI of differences: 8.19%-20.62%). Conclusion: From perceptions received from students, it was understood that majority of the students were satisfied with pre-recorded uploaded classes onYouTube.
A Rare Case of Accessory Breast Mimicking Lipoma in a Male
Authors: Vaithiya VM Vinoth , Kumar S Saravana
Published: October 2022

Accessory breast tissue is a rare condition in which there is a presence of breast tissue in an ectopic site in addition to normal site. It occurs in about 0.4-6% of women and 1.68% occurrence is seen in men. The obstacle to management comes in the diagnosis of the accessory breast tissue. The commonest site is the axilla, and the other sites of occurrence are groin, buttock and thigh. The disease may present as a unilateral swelling with changes occurring during the time of pregnancy, lactation and menses due to the influence of hormones. This breast tissue also undergoes the changes that occur in a normal breast tissue such as fibrocystic changes or carcinomatous changes. A case of accessory breast tissue was reported in a 28-year-old-male which was initially suspected to be a pedunculated lipoma in the right axillary region and later on histopathological evaluation diagnosed to be an accessory breast tissue.
Foetal Brain Biometry Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an Indian PopulationA Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Priyanka Chandrasekhar , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Andrew Chitra , Paarthipan N
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has increased significantly in the assessment of foetal brain development. Foetal biometry is a part of every imaging examination and is needed to confirm that the growth is proceeding normally. Aim: To provide normal MRI reference biometric data of the foetal brain in Indian population. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The data was collected from the MR imaging studies done between January 2013 to December 2020. The present study was carried out on 101 foetuses with gestational age ranging from 20 to 38 gestational weeks with normal brain appearance. Following biometric parameters had been obtained: skull occipitofrontal diameter and Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Brain-Biparietal Diameter (BPD) and fronto-occipital length, Head Circumference (HC), atrial diameter, vermian height, width and area. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate the median value with Interquartile Range (IQR). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The skull occipitofrontal diameter (r-value=0.88, p-value <0.001), skull biparietal diameter (r-value=0.92, p-value <0.001), brain biparietal diameter (r-value=0.95, p-value <0.001), brain fronto-occipital length (r=0.94, p-value <0.001), head circumference (r-value=0.92, p-value <0.001), atrial diameter (r-value=0.86, p-value <0.001), Vermian height (r-value=0.86, p-value <0.001), Vermian width (r-value=0.84, p-value <0.001) and Vermian area (r-value=0.88, p-value <0.001) showed positive correlation with gestational age. Mean Head Circumference (HC) and BPD values were almost similar to the standard Indian reference mean values of ultrasound. All biometric parameters were compared with the European references. The values from present study were found to be in the lower range of the European biometric values. Conclusion: Normal biometric MRI data of the foetal brain in an Indian population from 20 to 38 weeks gestational age was presented. A significant correlation was found between gestational age and parameters. MRI BPD and HC values showed a positive correlation with ultrasound BPD and HC values.
Comparison of b-Catenin Protein Expression in Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst and Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour
Authors: Tahasildar Jyoti , Prakash Sharada , K Vinod Kumar , Nagamalini BR , Suganya G , J Chandrakala , Khatoon Hajira , Kulkarni Meghashyama
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumour (CCOT)/ Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) display a varying tissue morphology, while exhibiting different biological progression also at the same time. Attempts at classifying COC have largely been unsuccessful due to the present lack of knowledge about the development of these tumours and their underlying molecular changes. Wingless-beta catenin (Wnt–β catenin) signalling pathway has been found to be a cornerstone in the ectodermal development and tumour initiation-progression to malignant tumours, but its specific role in the pathogenesis of odontogenic ghost cell lesions is unknown. Aim: To elucidate the participation and comparison of β-catenin protein expression in pathogenesis of benign odontogenic ghost cell lesions, CCOT and Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour (DGCT). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional Immunohistochemical (IHC) study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from December 2019 to June 2021. Research was conducted on tissue sections of centrally located 16 cases of CCOT categorised as group 1 and four cases of DGCT categorised as group 2 using β-catenin tumour marker. The study samples were retrieved from the archives. IHC stained slides were subjected for histopathological analysis, where labelling index of tumour cells were assessed in three high power fields. Resultant β-catenin expression was compared between Benign Odontogenic Ghost Cell Lesions (BOGCL). Results were subjected to statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 17.0 (SPSS, Philadelphia, IL) software to analyse the data. Results: β-catenin positivity was assessed in tumour cells of both the groups, 16 CCOT (group 1) and 4 DGCT (group 2). In each case, number of cells in three high power field i.e., under 40X magnification were evaluated. Both the groups expressed membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in the basaloid tumour cells. Whereas, ghost cells showed no reactivity to the biomarker, β-catenin. On comparison using Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test, there was no statistically significant difference in β-catenin expression between CCOT and DGCT. Conclusion: β-catenin plays an important role in the tumourigenesis of benign odontogenic ghost cell lesions. Immunohistochemically CCOT and DGCT showed no significant difference in the β-catenin expression. Hence, the results suggest that CCOT and DGCT may show variation in clinical behaviour but share similar histogenesis.
Predictors of Duration of Hospital Stay in COVID-19 Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi KP , Srikanth AK , Mudhol Rikita Ramesh , Mohite Vrushali , Ravindra JG , Sadanand Sagar , Srinidhi Yadur
Published: October 2022

Introduction: A cluster of pneumonia cases were recognised at the end of the year 2019, and later designated as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was declared as pandemic in early 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused considerable morbidity and mortality. Further, it was discovered that presence of co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease and appearance of cytokine storm caused increased mortality. Aim: To identify co-morbidities and laboratory parameters associated with prolonged hospitalisation in COVID-19 disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of General Medicine at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India (tertiary care hospital). Data between 1st July 2020 to 30th September 2020 was collected, and analysis and interpretation was done from November 2020 to March 2021 from data obtained from medical records. Data of 402 participants was analysed for baseline characteristics like demographic distribution (age and gender), presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease. Patients were divided as per level of oxygen requirements, duration of hospitalisation and usage of remdesivir or steroid or both. Laboratory parameters studied were complete blood count, platelet count, serum sodium, parameters of hyperinflammation like C-reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin. Markers of COVID-19 associated with high mortality like Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were also taken. Mean hospital stay was associated with all the parameters. Data was analysed by one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-test. Results: Maximum patients seen were in the age group of 40-60 years (45.52%). Common co-morbidities observed were diabetes mellitus (48.26%) and hypertension (45.27%). Presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus (p-value=0.0171), hypertension (p-value =0.0238), ischaemic heart disease (p-value=0.0024) was associated with prolonged hospitalisation. Among laboratory markers higher level of parameters of inflammation like NLR >2 (p-value=0.0183), CRP >6 mg/L (p-value=0.004), ferritin >300 ng/mL (p-value=0.05) and indicators of hypercoagulable state {D-dimer >500 ng/mL (p-value=0.0014)} were associated with significantly prolonged stay. patient who received both remdesivir and steroids stayed longer compared to either remdesivir alone or only steroids (p-value=0.0001). Conclusion: State of hyperinflammation and presence of comorbidity especially uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and usage of steroids were associated with prolonged hospitalisation. Periodic assessment of these patients until recovery may help reducing mortality and morbidity
Dentists’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Dental Care for Children with Special Healthcare Needs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nayak Ullal Anand , Hijji Ruba Bassem , Aljuhani Masahear Awad , Aljuhani Lama Abduljaleel , Reem Nair Almarwani Reem Nair Almarwani , Nayak Prathibha Anand
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Despite advancements in dentistry, children with special needs continue to have poor oral health, with a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal disease. Many treating dentists and the parents of these children encounter difficulty managing these children, and the quality of their oral health will be determined by this. Hence, identifying and overcoming the barriers of managing children with Special Healthcare Needs (SHCN) can be assessed as important step in addressing their treatment needs. Aim: The study investigated the perceptions of general and Paediatric dentists in Saudi Arabia, regarding the treatment needs and challenges posed while providing dental care to children with special needs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnairebased study was conducted among 447 general dentists and 76 Paediatric dentists in Saudi Arabia during five-month period between 15th October 2021 to 15th March 2022. A prevalidated questionnaire consisting of 18 close-ended questions assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the dentists related to children with SHCN was emailed to each dentist. The data was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version (IBM, Chicago, USA). The threshold for significance was established at 5%. The significance of study variables was determined utilising Chi-square test. Results: Most Paediatric dentists and general dentists were of the opinion that mental/behavioural/cognitive disability was the most difficult to manage (p<0.001). Out of the total, 66.2% of the dentists were aware of the dental home concept in managing children with SHCN. The knowledge related factors that were significantly associated, included type of impairment most difficult to manage (p<0.001) and awareness of the dental home concept (p<0.001). Regarding attitude, both general and Paediatric dentists agreed that providing oral care is as important as providing medical care and that they were confident in treating these children (p<0.001). The practices related factors that were significantly associated included supporting staff's comfort in treating these children (p=0.004), accessibility of clinic (p<0.001), the availability of equipment to treat (p=0.02), and the techniques most commonly used for managing the behaviour of SHCN children (p<0.001). Conclusion: The two most significant challenges to a SHCN child receiving dental care were a lack of access to a dentist who can provide oral care and limitations in the child’s cooperation during the procedure. The unmet treatment needs of these children can be considerably reduced by improving parental awareness, facilitating approaches that enhance patient compliance, and providing convenient access to dental care.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Workability and its Predictors among Nurses Working in Delhi Hospitals: A Multicentric Survey
Authors: Sharma Falguni , Kalra Sheetal , Rai Richa , Chorsiya Varsha , Sunil Dular Sunil Dular
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Nurses are considered to be the frontline healthcare professionals with prolonged hours of caring for ailing as well as critically ill patients. This highly demanding work pattern can lead them to experience Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD) and thus makes it important to study its prevalence and its impact on workability and to develop appropriate supportive strategies to improve their health and work efficiency. Aim: To explore the prevalence of WRMSDs among hospital nurses in Delhi, including the risk factors and coping strategies adopted by them to avoid the risk of WRMSDs. Materials and Methods: This multicentric survey, cross-sectional study was conducted in different hospitals in Delhi, India, from October 2020 till March 2021 among 260 nurses. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Workability Index (WAI). Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to develop correlations for continuous variables and Biserial correlation test was used for dichotomous variables. The level of significance was 95% (p-value <0.05). Results: The mean age and mean work duration were 35.62±7.12 years, and 8.60 hours per day respectively. Out of total, 230 (88.5%) were females and 30 (11.5%) were males. The prevalence of WRMSD was 80% during the last 12 months with low back pain, the most commonly reported problem. The majority of nurses communicated moderate workability (47.7%) and moderate level of stress (73.5%). The result of linear multiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables of (age, work hours, type of job, back and shoulder pain) explained 46.4% of the workability index (R2 =0.444, adjusted R2 =0.395), and the model significant (F-value=14.76, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Nurses are at high-risk for WRMSD as well as observing prolonged stress and reduced workability. Special measures should be taken to ensure that they work in an ergonomically acceptable workplace and that proper body mechanics and stress management practices are adopted. Lifestyle intervention would help in preventing and reducing impact of WRMSDs.
A Review on Obesity and its Management: Focus on Meal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Chowbey Pradeep , Narwaria Mahendra , Kumeran Ravindran , Dukkipati Nandakishore , Todkar Jayashree
Published: October 2022

Obesity is one of the major health concerns worldwide. In India, over 135 million subjects are affected by obesity. In the last two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly. Several factors such as sedentary lifestyle, increased portion size in diet, environmental factors and genetic predisposition are responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity. Obesity also increases the risk of several disease conditions, which has a negative impact on quality of life, work productivity and healthcare costs, leading to a rise in mortality rates. Asian Indians are at a higher risk of developing obesity-related co-morbidities at lower levels of Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference compared with Caucasians. Weight loss is a logical step in the management of obesity. Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has shown to significantly improve health and well-being. A negative energy balance achieved by lesser calorie consumption than expenditure serves as the basic principle for weight loss. The role of Meal Replacement (MR) in the management of obesity is discussed in this review. Studies have shown that MR is effective for safe weight loss. MR is designed to deliver optimum nutrition with a minimum glycaemic index. Optifast by Nestle Health Sciences is one such MR product, which is effective for weight management in individuals with obesity.
Reference Interval of Serum Cystatin C in Dravidian Population Subset of South Asian Ethnic Groups: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nair Shajee Sivasankaran , Damodaran K Geetha , Sebastian Sestin
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Serum Cystatin C (Cys C) facilitates to detect mild renal dysfunction and overall risk of death in older patients with chronic renal diseases. The requirement for creating a particular reference interval is mandatory for such renal diseases in South Asian population since the value of serum creatinine varies largely with age, gender and population/ethnicity and data of same is short for South Asian population. Aim: To determine the reference interval of serum Cystatin C amongst the Dravidian population subset of South Asian ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry and Transfusion Medicine at Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, from July 2020 to January 2021 among on 235 healthy adults (20-60 years). A 4 mL of blood was drawn by aseptic precautions and serum was separated within three hours of blood collection. Serum Cys C was assayed by latex enhanced immunoturbidimetric cystatin C assay using a calibrator traceable to international standard European Specific Protein Reference Material (ERM DA-471) developed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and Laboratory Medicine. Serum creatinine (sCr) by Jaffe method in a fully automatic clinical chemistry analyser. Categorical variables are presented using frequency (percentage) while continuous variables are summarized with an inter-percentile range. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the distribution of continuous variables. Results: Total of 235 subjects (20-60 years of age, 17 males and 218 females) were included in the study. The non parametric reference intervals for Cys C were found to be from 0.39 to 0.79 mg% and that of sCr ranged from 0.79 to 1.2 mg%. The relationship between Cystatin C with age showed an increase in Cystatin C levels as age advances; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho=0.197). The weak correlation between Cystatin C and sCr was also observed (rho=0.37; p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: The level of serum cystatin C (0.39 to 0.79 mg%) can be used as a diagnostic concentration reference interval of the protein that helps to recognise, standardise and establish it as a potential biomarker to detect renal disorders in South Asian ethnic population.
Relation of Circulatory Levels of Endothelin-1, Antioxidants, and Inflammatory Markers with Varying Blood Pressure Levels in Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study
Authors: Ravoori Saideswar Rao , Singh Manisha , Sharma Ritu , Gupta Rakesh , Bhatacharjee Jayashree , Sharma Preeti
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder with gestational hypertension and proteinuria, it affects maternalfoetal vasculature. The risk of preeclampsia increases upon exposure to different genetic mutations, environmental changes, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, multifoetal gestations, and hydatidiform mole. Preeclampsia affects the mother and foetus. Its pathogenesis is complex involving inflammation, stress, and molecular factors. Aim: To measure the circulatory levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), Glutathione (GSH), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (sandwich) in preeclamptic women and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study carried out at the Department of Biochemistry of the Government Institute of Medical Science (GIMS), Greater Noida, and Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, from November 2018 till November 2020. The demographic data were recorded, and blood samples were studied. Preeclamptic women (cases, n=90) were grouped as group A: 140/90-149/99 mmHg, group B: 150/100-159/109 mmHg, and group C: ≥160/110 mmHg along with controls (n=70). The normotensive pregnant women without family history of preeclampsia were included as controls. The competitive ELISA principles were used to quantify ET-1, GSH, IL-6, and TNF-a levels. One-way analysis of variance tests (ANOVA) and Tukey Post-Hoc Test was carried out to compare the clinical characteristics, ET-1, GSH, IL-6, and TNF-a between the cases and controls. Results: The demographic data of age, gestational age, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were not significantly different between cases and control. The ET-1 levels were significantly (p=0.042) higher in cases (A: 116±79.4, B: 99.2±72, C: 159±96) than controls (54±49). In contrast, GSH levels were low in preeclampsia. In addition, cases had elevated IL-6 and TNF-a levels (IL-6; cases A: 112.3±49.3, B: 127±17.5, C: 324±52.9, and control 40.3±13, TNF-a; cases A: 241±179, B: 200.9±196, C: 391±299 and controls: 167±104). GSH levels decreased with the rise in Blood Pressure (BP), while IL-6 increased significantly with an increase in BP. Conclusion: Every 10-mmHg increase in BP led to increase in IL-6 levels, and ET-1 and TNF-a levels were increased and the GSH levels were decreased in all three groups in comparison to controls. Thus, the present study provided evidence that links oxidative stress, inflammation, and a potent vasoconstrictor ET-1 with altered antioxidants (GSH) that led to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Disorders Presenting as Anaemia among Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Govindakurup Unnikrishnan , Jacob Shiji K , Philip Febby K
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Anaemia is a condition marked by low Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and is an important risk factor for the poor health and development of children and adolescents. Anaemia is not a diagnosis, but merely an objective sign of disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Aim: To identify disorders presenting as anaemia in paediatric population. Also to analyse the data by grading of anaemia and to calculate the proportion of anaemia in various paediatric age groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Ernakulum, Kerala, India, from September 2017 to February 2018, on 211 paediatric patients of age groups from newborn upto 18 years. After a detailed clinical history and examination, Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, renal function tests, liver function tests, and if necessary, radiological and bone marrow examination were done. The mean haemoglobin in the categories were compared with Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey Data. The data obtained were entered in Microsoft excel 365 and further analysed. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher’s- exact test and continuous variables by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance level was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 211 patients, 120 (56.87%) were males and 91 (43.13%) were females. The average haemoglobin level varies across age groups and sex. In the case of newborns, average Hb was 9.31 g/dL in males and 10.4 g/dL in females. A total of 211 patients presented with 339 disease conditions, with respiratory disorders in 98, followed by 83 nutritional diseases, 49 infections and 35 systemic diseases. Total of 132 patients in age group of 6 months to 4 years, presented with maximum disorders (206). A total of 186 (54.8%) cases presented with Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia (MHA), 149 (43.95%) with Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA) and only 4 (1.18%) with Haemolytic Anaemia (HA). No cases of macrocytic anaemia were noted. Conclusion: Total of 76.8% cases of MHA (42.1% of total anaemia cases) are associated with Nutritional, Respiratory and Infectious conditions which can be managed by public health measures. The haemoglobin levels in neonates and less than 6 months age group were significantly less than population mean which needs to be addressed. In similar manner, girls in school going age group had significantly lower Hb than boys.
RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS POR MEIO DO ENSINO HÍBRIDO: RELACIONANDO NEUROCIÊNCIA E APRENDIZAGEM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: De Morais Juliana Marcondes , Motta Barreto Maria Auxiliadora
Published: October 2022

A dificuldade apresentada pelos alunos em aprender Matemática demanda o uso de novas estratégias de ensino. O Ensino Híbrido tem se apresentado como uma metodologia que atende a essa demanda, e os achados da Neurociência Cognitiva auxiliam avaliar se essa metodologia é eficiente ou não para aprendizagem. Neste artigo, apresentamos um estudo realizado em um quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, no qual aplicou-se uma Sequência Didática (SD), organizada no modelo rotação por estações para resolução de situações-problema. O objetivo foi analisar se há evidências na Neurociência que justifiquem o Ensino Híbrido. Os dados foram coletados por meio de testes matemáticos, da observação participante e semiestruturada. Essa pesquisa tem sua abordagem na metodologia Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD). Os resultados encontrados foram satisfatórios e sugerem que o Ensino Híbrido possui evidências na Neurociência Cognitiva, de forma a indicá-lo como possível meio que facilita a aprendizagem em Matemática.
КАСАТОВ А.А. СЕЙЗИНА: ПРАВО, ВЛАСТЬ И ОБЩЕСТВО В АНГЛО-НОРМАНДСКОМ КОРОЛЕВСТВЕ XI–XIII ВЕКОВ. СПб.: Наука, 2019. 463 с., "Средние века"
Authors: Филиппов И.С.
Published: October 2022

Рецензируемая монография посвящена институту сейзины, игравшему важную роль в регулировании правоимущественных отношений в Англии XI–XIII вв. Этот институт имеет древнегерманские корни и оформился во Франкском государстве VIII–X вв. Будучи перенесен в Англию в результате Нормандского завоевания 1066 г., он получил импульс к дальнейшему развитию и претерпел серьезную трансформацию, которую и изучает автор. В книге показана приобретенная на английской земле многозначность термина «сейзина», отмечена необходимость учитывать при анализе стоящих за ним явлений символическую составляющую имущественных прав, связанных с этими явлениями. Рецензент высоко оценивает эту монографию, отмечая многочисленность и разнообразие привлеченных автором источников, серьезную проработку обширной научной литературы и уверенную ориентацию в истории и теории права, далеко не только средневекового.
FEATURES OF ADDITIONAL DESIGN RULES FOR DIGITAL STANDARD CELL LIBRARIES, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Milyutin S.V. , Nadin A.S. , Shipitsin D.S.
Published: October 2022

The article describes additional Methodology-Rule Checks (MRC) for digital design kit (DDK) standard cell libraries, which enable to standardize the topological design of the cell, describe the requirements for tracing and joining cells when assembling into a functional block.
ФОРМАЛЬНО-ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ КОННЕКЦИОНИЗМА И АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ НЕЙРОМОРФНЫХ СИСТЕМ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Матюшкин И.В. , Тельминов О.А.
Published: October 2022

Обсуждаются и уточняются понятия коннекционистской К-системы (и нейроморфной НМ-системы). Отмечено важное значение феноменов коллективной нелинейной динамики на нагруженном графе. Наше понимание НМ-системы восходит к исходному определению Карвера Мида. Впервые вычленены признаки К-системы, указывается на её априорный характер, т.е. невозможность строгого определения, однако таковое предложено на языке теории множеств. Посредством представления о филактерии оттеняется технологический аспект К-системы и более широкий контекст инженерии НМ-систем. Приведены примеры.
Digestive Disease in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Children (About 10 Cases)
Authors: Kabbaj M. , Chkirate B. , Bentahila A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Digestive involvement is not uncommon during chronic inflammatory diseases in children, it may be just digestive manifestations other than other systemic signs or association of two different pathologies with a common immunological terrain.

Objective: To recognize the different types of digestive involvement encountered during chronic inflammatory diseases in children and to discuss the frequency of association of digestive involvement with chronic inflammatory diseases in children .

Materials and Methods:  Retrospective study involving 10 children with chronic inflammatory diseases with digestive involvement collected at the department of pediatrics IV and the consultation of pediatric rheumatology of the children's hospital of Rabat over a period of 17 years (2001-2018).

Results: Our series includes 7 female and 3 male children.

The average age of our patients at the time of diagnosis of JIA or SLE is 10 years and the average age of the digestive involvement is 07 years.

The types of digestive involvement found were diverse: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease.

The frequency of digestive involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases in our series is 1.58%. The incidence of association of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with IBD is 1.08% and with                         celiac disease is 0.4%, while the frequency of association of systemic lupus with celiac disease is 2.8%.

Conclusion:  There is a very strong link between digestive involvement and chronic inflammatory diseases, The common etiopathogenic mechanisms that explain this link are not yet well defined, but genetic predisposition seems to play an important role in these associations, as well as environmental factors such as long exposure to gluten, for celiac disease.
Assessment of Soil Properties under Long Term Integrated Nutrient Management Using STCR-based Targeted Yield Equations under Rice-wheat Cropping System
Authors: Kurmi Pragya , Rai Hitendra K. , Anjna Mahendra , Khanam Nazmeen , Parmar Bharti , Yadav Rupesh
Published: October 2022

The experiment was carried out to assess the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on soil chemical properties under a nine year long experiment of AICRP on STCR initiated in Kharif 2008. The field experiment was laid out at research farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur after Rabi season of 2018-19. The study was framed in split plot design with four main treatments of nutrient management viz., T1-control; T2-GRD; T3- Soil test based NPK application for yield of 6.0 t ha-1 for each crop, and T4- Soil test based NPK application for yield of 6.0 t ha-1 for each crop + 10 t ha-1 yr-1 FYM and four soil depths as sub treatment from D1- 0-15 cm; D2- 15-30 cm; D3- 30-45 cm and D4 – 45-60 cm replicated three times. The results shows significant influence of INM on soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and CaCO3 content of soil. After nine years of chemical fertilizer applications on general recommended dose bases and soil test bases in combination with FYM reported no profound impact on soil pH, electrical conductivity.
Screening of Soybean, Common Bean and Maize on Nickeliferous Soils from Mafic Rocks
Authors: N’cho Odon Clément , Gouedji Gnamba Emmanuel Franck , Ouattara Zié , Odoh Nkiruka Celestina , Mahan Kanou Elvis
Published: October 2022

In this study, nickeliferous soils' effects on grain legume and cereal growth as well as their potential to accumulate nickel and related micronutrients were examined. A completely randomized block design with six repetitions was set up. Samples were collected from eight points and the experiment was conducted for six weeks at the University of Man. In order to fill a plastic container, eight soil samples were used. The soil humidity was controlled with SONKIR MS02 multimeter. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybean (Glycine max), and maize (Zea mays) were the test plants. Each soil sample was air dried and sieved with a 2 μm mesh. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to carry out a chemical analysis. Statistica 7.1 was used to conduct statistical analysis like the ANOVA and correlation test. At Moyango, the soil was developed on dunite. The soil had a colour varying from 7.5YR6/2 to 10YR5/6.). The dominant oxides found were Fe2O3, SiO2, and P2O5 with wt% > 7. The soil Ni was negatively correlated with K, Ca and, V. The soils had significant effect on soybean, common bean, and maize growth. However, the negative effect was more on common bean. The lowest soybean plant’s heights were observed on plant grown on soil from the mining site. The soil had a significant effect on soybean Ni, V, Mn, and Co content. Soybean plant Ni contents were 9.20 and 7.31 wt%, respectively from plants grown on soils M1 and M2. The content of Ni in soil had significant effect on plant growth, specifically it has reduced the height of grain legumes. From the results observed, maize should be the one most suitable for cultivation in the vicinity of the Ni mining region of Foungouesso-Moyango. Further investigation is needed with more test plants to prevent population health.
Evaluation of Preputial and Buccal Mucosal Grafts in Two-Stage Repair of Severe Proximal Hypospadias
Authors: Elmaadawy Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed , Elgamal Osama Mostafa , Omar Mohamed Adel , El-Gamal Samir Abd El Hakim
Published: October 2022

Aims: To evaluate the results of staged surgical repair of proximal forms of hypospadias according to Bracka’s method using preputial or buccal grafts in the department of urology, Tanta university hospital between January 2019 and January 2022.

Study Design: Prospective comparative randomized study.

Place and Duration of Study: Urology department, Tanta university hospital, between January 2019 and January 2022.

Methodology: Fifty male patients with severe proximal hypospadias associated with moderate to severe chordee and or poor urethral plate underwent two-stage repair with buccal mucosal or preputial graft in the department of urology, Tanta university hospital between January 2019, and January 2022 cosmetic and functional outcomes were assessed.

Results: Native meatus was at proximal penile in 1, penoscrotal in 13, scrotal in 19, and perineal in 17 cases.  25 patients underwent staged hypospadias repair using preputial graft in the 1st stage and 25 patients underwent staged hypospadias repair using buccal mucosal graft. The mean age of the patients at the 1st stage was 9.5 and 8.7 months in the preputial and buccal mucosal groups respectively. The graft take was successful except only in 5 patients needed graft redo after the 1st stage. Success rate was 54.5% with preputial group and was 62% in buccal mucosal group.

Conclusions: Two-stage repair with Bracka’s technique is safe and feasible for repair of primary cases of sever proximal hypospadias. Both preputial and buccal mucosal grafts are reliable and suitable urethral substitutes in staged hypospadias repair with comparable results and complications rate.
β‐Subunits of the human liver Gs/Gi signal‐transducing proteins and those of bovine retinal rod cell transducin are identical
Authors: Codina Juan , Stengel Dominique , Woo Savio L.C. , Birnbaumer L.
Published: July 2002

The complete cDNA encoding the β‐subunit of the human liver signal transducing proteins Gs/Gi (βG) has been cloned from a λgtll library using an oligonucleotide as a screening agent. The cDNA has 3088 nucleotides and an 11 nucleotide poly(A) tail, of which 280 nucleotides constitute the 5′‐untranslated region, 1023 form the open reading frame (ORF) and its stop codon, and 1785 are the 3′‐untranslated region with two AATAAA cleavage and polyadenylation signals separated by 1467 nucleotides. The ORF codes for a 340 amino acid polypeptide that is identical to that encoded by bovine retinal rod cell cDNA of the β‐subunit of transducin. Yet, it does so by using 87 different codons. Curiously, the 280 nucleotide 5′ leader sequence obtained starts with an ATG that is part of another ORF encoding a putative peptide X of 75 amino acids (nucleotide 280 to 55). This work proves for the first time that the β‐subunits of all signal‐transducing G‐proteins, including transducin, are the same.
Involvement of intact inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐sensitive Ca2+ stores in cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary in serum‐stimulated human fibroblasts
Authors: Takuwa Noriko , Zhou Wei , Kumada Mamoru , Takuwa Yoh
Published: July 2002

Thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, has been shown to deplete inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐sensitive Ca2+ stores. Here we report that when thapsigargin was introduced to serum‐stimulated human fibroblasts at a time point just before the G1/S boundary, it completely inhibited expression of cyclin A, activation of p33CDK2 cyclindependent kinase and initiation of DNA synthesis. In contrast, the Ca2+ mobilizing ionophore ionomycin was without effect. These findings indicate that Ca2+ inside the inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphatesensitive Ca2+ stores plays a pivotal role for traverse across the G1/S transition point.
A subtype of opioid κ‐receptor is coupled to inhibition of Gil‐mediated phospholipase C activity in the guinea pig cerebellum
Authors: Misawa Hidemi , Ueda Hiroshi , Katada Toshiaki , Ui Michio , Satoh Masamichi
Published: July 2002

PLC activity was stimulated either by 1–100 μM of GTP or by 100–3,000 μM Ca2+ in lysed synaptosomal membranes of the guinea pig cerebellum. The κ‐opioid receptor agonist selectively inhibited the PLC activity stimulated by 100 μM GTP, but not by 100–3,000 μM Ca2+. Pretreatment of membranes with PTX abolished such a κ‐agonist‐induced inhibition of PLC activity. The reconstitution of Gi1, but not of Go purified from porcine brains with PTX‐treated membranes showed a complete recovery of the κ‐agonist‐inhibition of PLC activity. These findings suggest that a novel subtype κ‐receptor mediates inhibition of PLC through inhibiting the intrinsic activity of PTX‐substrate G‐proteins.