bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan: Do SES and Sex Matter?
Authors: Rana Juwel , Uddin Jalal , Peltier Richard , Oulhote Youssef
Published: July 2019

Background: Low-income families often depend on fuels such as wood, coal, and animal dung for cooking. Such solid fuels are highly polluting and are a primary source of indoor air pollutants (IAP). We examined the association between solid fuel use (SFU) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Afghanistan and the extent to which this association varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on de-identified data from Afghanistan’s first standard Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the household (n=27,565). We used mixed-effect Poisson regression models with robust error variance accounting for clustering to examine the associations between SFU and ARI among under-five children after adjusting for potential confounders. We also investigated potential effect modification by SES and sex. Additional analyses were conducted using an augmented measure of the exposure to IAP accounting for both SFU and the location of cooking/kitchen (High Exposure, Moderate, and No Exposure). Results: Around 70% of households reported SFU, whereas the prevalence of ARI was 17.6%. The prevalence of ARI was higher in children living in households with SFU compared to children living in households with no SFU (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]= 1.10; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.23). We did not observe any effect modification by SES or child sex. When using the augmented measure of exposure incorporating the kitchen’s location, children highly exposed to IAP had a higher prevalence of ARI compared to unexposed children (aPR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32). SES modified this association with the strongest associations observed among children from the middle wealth quintile. Conclusion: The findings have significant policy implications and suggest that ARI risk in children may be reduced by ensuring clean cookstove as well as clean fuels and acting on the socio-environmental pathways.
An Adaptive and Decentralized Protection Scheme for Microgrid Protection
Authors: Maleki Mahdi Ghotbi , Javadi Hamid , Khederzadeh Mojtaba , Farajzadeh Siamak
Published: July 2019

In this paper a protection scheme is provided to protect microgrid by considering the problems that are generated by addition of distributed generators to distribution networks and change these networks from passive to active. At first, changes in microgrid conditions that can affect short-circuit current is explained. Then Based on these changes, an algorithm is proposed to update relays settings. The algorithm can be used for both instantaneous and inverse time relays. In this protection scheme, central unit has no place and relays are responsible for monitoring microgrid and update their settings. In other words, this protection scheme is an adaptive and decentralized microgrid protection scheme. Instantaneous overcurrent relays are used in this paper. To avoid storing large amounts of setting data in relays memory, a method for calculating pickup current of instantaneous relay is provided. Since digital relays used, a new characteristic curve for instantaneous relay for better performance in the field of backup protection is defined. This new characteristic curve has two peakup currents: one of them for main protection and the other one for backup protection. Then coordination of instantaneous relay using the new characteristic curve is explained. At the end, this protection scheme is implemented on a microgrid.
MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR HUMAN RESOURCES OF EDUCATION IN BASIC SCHOOL IN THE SERANG CITY
Authors: Pancasasti Ranthy
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the direct influence of transformational leadership, organizational climate, team work, and emotional intelligence toward organizational citizenship behavior of human resources at State Elementary School in Serang City. This study used survey methods, and included in quantitative research. The number of population in this study as many as 433 people, the sample amounted to 100 people, taken by random sampling technique. Method of data collection were conducted by interviews, questionnaires, and documentation studies. The result of the research shows that there are positive direct influence of transformational leadership, organizational climate, team work, and emotional intelligence toward the organizational citizenship behavior of human resources personnel at elementary school in Serang city. The emotional intelligence factor is the variable that has the greatest influence on the organizational citizenship behavior. Teamwork factor is the smallest variable of influence on organizational citizenship behavior.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Organizational Climate, Team Work, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
On Identifying the Factors that Affect Turnover Intention
Authors: Prasetya Wibawa , Akbar Ma'ruf , Tunas Billy
Published: July 2019

The present paper attempted to determine the factors that might affect turnover intention. Although the research participants consisted of 234 employees of PT Petrosea, only samples from 152 employees were used. The samples were derived by using the simple random sampling method and collected through a questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed based on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with an application software called Lisrell. The results showed that the following variables, adversity quotient, job satisfaction, and job motivation, did not have a significant effect on turnover intention. However, the regression equation showed that the higher scores of adversity quotient, job satisfaction, and job motivation would make turnover intention lower. Thus, to prevent staff or labor turnover, a company is advised to select those prospective employees that have a higher score of adversity quotient since it has a significant effect on job satisfaction and motivation. This might result in decreasing turnover intention.
Habituasi untuk Menguatkan Karakter Nasionalisme Peserta Didik Wilayah Perbatasan pada Abad 21
Authors: Keraf Fransiskus Markus Pereto , Komalasari Kokom
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh perilaku peserta didik di wilayah perbatasan yang cenderung bersikap, berbahasa, berbudaya hingga menyukai penggunaan produk dari Timor Leste dibandingkan Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan penguatan karakter nasionalisme melalui habituasi di SMPN Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur.Proses penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik, guru, dan tokoh masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis keabsahan data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik yang digunakan oleh sekolah dalam menguatkan karakter nasionalisme peserta didik adalah melalui habituasi. Melalui pembiasaaan ini, sekolah menyelenggarakan  best practice yang meliputi upacara bendera, penggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan sebelum dan mengakiri pembelajaran, penyambutan tamu kenegaraan di wilayah perbatasan, penggunaan yel – yel kebangsaan, hingga keteladanan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa melalui program habituasi yang diselenggarakan oleh sekolah, mampu untuk menguatkan karakter nasionalisme peserta didik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan oleh perilaku dan juga aktivitas sehari  -hari peserta didik yang sudah mencintai produk dalam negeri, berbahasa Indonesia dengan baik, dan benar hingga merasa sangat mencitai Indonesia.
Gene-specific artificial intelligence-based variant classification engine: results of a time-capsule experiment
Authors: Einhorn Yaron , Einhorn Moshe , Kamshov Adaia , Lev Oron , Trabelsi Amir , Paz-Yaacov Nurit , Gross Susan J
Published: July 2019

Background: Interpretation of genetic variation remains an impediment to cost-effective application of genomics to medicine. An advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based Variant Classification Engine (aiVCE), rooted in ACMG/AMP guidelines, employs data-driven methods to expedite gene-specific classification (franklin.genoox.com). In this blinded study, the aiVCE’s overall and rule-level performances were evaluated using ClinVar (v. 2018-10) variants with creation dates after 5/01/2017. By removing any prior knowledge of these variants from the aiVCE training data, they were treated as novel variants. Using a ‘Full’ dataset (75,801 variants with ≥1 star) and an ‘Increased-Certainty’ dataset (3,993 variants with ≥2 stars), the aiVCE classified variants as pathogenic (P), likely-pathogenic (LP), uncertain significance (VUS), likely-benign (LB), or benign (B). VUS with sufficient supporting data were subclassified as VUS-leaning benign or VUS-leaning pathogenic. aiVCE results were evaluated to determine concordance with final ClinVar classification and rule-level determinations.
Results: The aiVCE demonstrated >97% concordance among Increased-Certainty variants. Concordance was >95% across variant effects (e.g., missense, null, splice region), and was >93.5% for the Full dataset. When assessing the aiVCE’s application of specific ACMG rules, significant differences were observed between ClinVar P/LP and B/LB variants rule-met proportions (all P<0.00001), thus supporting gene-specific rule selections. Evaluation of discordance between the aiVCE and ClinVar uncovered evidences that might have been unavailable to submitting laboratories, highlighting AI utility in variant classification.
Conclusions: The aiVCE exhibited robust performance, despite lacking past evidence, in determining whether variants would be categorized as P/LP. Applying latest computational advances to existing guidelines may assist scientists and clinicians interpret variants with limited clinical information and greatly reduce analytical bottlenecks.
Emergence of HIV-1 C/A1 and C/A1/D circulating recombinant forms, and dominance of subtype C and R5 use from whole genome sequence analysis in Addis Ababa
Authors: Adal Melaku , Bouzidi Kate El , Mihret Adane , Howe Rawleigh , Aseffa Abraham , Newport Melanie J. , Vera Jaime H. , Petros Beyene
Published: July 2019

Background

The HIV pandemic in Ethiopia is dominated by subtype C with sporadic A and D epidemiology. The presence of subtypes A and D may result in emergence of recombinant viruses, and increase the genetic diversity that makes monitoring the HIV epidemic, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics difficult. This study is aimed at determining subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and the dominant coreceptor use in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

Participants with a range of purposely selected CD4+ T-cell counts were included. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) of HIV was performed using a PCR amplification method and Illumina MiSeq. Subtyping and scanning of recombination were done by the REGA subtyping tool version 3.0. Prediction of coreceptor usage was performed using Geno2Pheno clonal-model and PhenoSeq. Signature amino acids and positive charges were also used in the tropism prediction. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with MEGA version 6 using maximum likelihood with the neighbor-joining (N-J) methods.

Results

Sixty participants were included with a median age of 34.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 30.0-40.0]. Seven (11.7%) of the study participants were at WHO clinical stage 3/4 and 13 (21.7%) were at AIDS stage with CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/uL. Among the total 60 HIV genomes sequenced, 49 were subtype C (81.7%), one was subtype A1 (1.7%), six were recombinant C/A1 (10%), three were recombinant C/A1/D (5.0%), and one was unassigned. From 50 of the sequences where coreceptor usage was determined by PhenoSeq, 44 (88.0%) were CCR5-tropic and six (12.0%) used CXCR4.

Conclusion

The study confirmed that the dominant subtype in Addis Ababa is HIV-1 subtype C. In addition, HIV-1 subtype A1, CRFs C/A1 and C/A1/D were also identified. The dominance of R5-tropic viruses was detected and these were associated with a higher CD4 T-cell count and lower viral load. Further studies on HIV subtypes and CRFs will be essential to fully understand HIV/AIDS epidemiology. In addition, the tropism information is important in Ethiopia if the use of the co-receptor antagonist maraviroc is planned.
Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Zelalem , Mekonnen Feleke , Tiruneh Moges , Belachew Teshome
Published: July 2019

Background

Invasive meningococcal disease has 70–80% mortality. Globally, 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In African meningitis belt bacterial meningitis remains a serious threat to health accounting an estimated 500,000 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually.In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern and associated risk factors for N. meningitidis especially in school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate of N. meningitidis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from January-April, 2019 among primary school children. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary inoculation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. P ≤0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8) N. meningitidis isolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed high level of multidrug resistance with the rate of 32(60.4%). Meningococcal carriage rate was associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions and indoor kitchen.

Conclusion

Neisseria meningitidis prevalence in the present study was high. Serogroup A and W135/Y was the most prevalent isolate. High multidrug resistance pattern was observed.
Fossil amber reveals springtails’ longstanding dispersal by social insects
Authors: Robin Ninon , D'Haese Cyrille , Barden Phillip
Published: July 2019

Background: Dispersal is essential for terrestrial organisms living in disjunct habitats and constitutes a significant challenge for the evolution of wingless taxa. Springtails (Collembola), the sister-group of all insects (with dipluran), are reported since the Lower Devonian and thought to have originally been subterranean. The order Symphypleona is reported since the early Cretaceous with genera distributed on every continent, implying an ability to disperse over oceans although never reported in marine water contrary to other springtail orders. Despite being highly widespread, modern springtails are generally rarely reported in any kind of biotic association. Interestingly, the fossil record has provided occasional occurrences of Symphypleona attached by the antennae onto the bodies of larger arthropods.
Results: Here, we document the case of a ~16 Ma old fossil association: a winged termite and ant displaying not some, but 25 springtails attached or closely connected to the body. The collembola exhibit rare features for fossils, reflecting their courtship and phoretic behaviors. By observing the modes of attachment of springtails on different arthropods, the sex representation and ratios in springtail antennal anatomies in new and previously reported cases, we infer a likely mechanism for dispersal in Symphypleona. By revealing hidden evidence of modern springtail associations with other invertebrates such as ants and termites, new compelling assemblages of fossil springtails and the drastic increase of eusocial insects’ abundance over Cenozoic (ants/termites comprising more than the third of insects in Miocene amber), we stress that attachment with winged casts of ants and termites may have been a mechanism for the worldwide dispersal of this significant springtail lineage. Moreover, by comparing the general constraints applying to the other wingless soil-dwelling arthropods known to disperse through phoresy, we suggest biases in the collection and observation of phoretic Symphypleona related to their reflexive detachment and infer that this behavior continues today.
Conclusions: The specific case of tree resin entrapment represents the (so far) only condition uncovering the actual dispersal mechanism of springtails - one of the oldest terrestrial arthropod lineages living today. Associations with soil-dwelling social insects over time would have been at the origin of this behavioural specialization.
Bilateral hypocalcemic cataract after total thyroidectomy in a young woman: Case report
Authors: daba kumale tolesa , Michael Dagmawit Kifle W/ , Mulugeta Gersam Abera
Published: July 2019

Background: Hypocalcemia is a derangement in serum calcium level due to a vast spectrum of disorders, but the most common cause is surgery, usually thyroid gland surgery. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can be due to increased neuromuscular excitation resulting in tetany, paresthesia or seizure. It can also be because of deposition of calcium in soft tissues producing reduced vision /cataract or calcification of basal ganglia. Cataract is the most common ocular symptom of hypocalcemia. Case report: A twenty-six years old Ethiopian female patient presented with painless reduction of vision of both eyes. Five years prior to the reduction of vision she was diagnosed to have hypocalcemia. The serum calcium level was very low (3mg/dl) due to damage to the parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for toxic goiter. She has been on supplemental calcium gluconate twice daily. She had typical bilateral symmetrical posterior sub capsular cataract with punctate iridescent opacities in the anterior and posterior cortex of the lens. Systemic examination revealed horizontal surgical scar on the anterior neck and positive Chvostek sign.
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF COMPOSITIONS FROM PRODUCTS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF SECONDARY MEAT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Kremenevskaya Marianna I. , Dobryagin Ruslan V. , Bogomolov Vladimir V. , Snarkiy Sergey I.
Published: July 2019

The development of protein ingredients based on the composites from secondary collagen-containing meat raw materials and obtained by the methods of deep processing attracts increasing attention of specialists.

In the presented work, the composite and mass composition of the protein ingredient from hydrolysates of beef hide split, pork skin and blood plasma in a ratio of 45:45:10 was established. The improved amino acid composition of the protein ingredient due to addition of dry blood plasma suggests an increased biological and nutritional value of the developed product. Addition of up to 15 % of the protein ingredient instead of beef in the technology of minced semi-prepared products improves the rheological and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product.
Unimodular jordanian deformations of integrable superstrings
Authors: van Tongeren Stijn
Published: July 2019

We find new homogeneous rr
matrices containing supercharges, and use them to find new backgrounds
of Yang-Baxter deformed superstrings. We obtain these as limits of
unimodular inhomogeneous rr
matrices and associated deformations of
AdS_2\times2×S^2\times2×T^66
and AdS_5\times5×S^55.
Our rr
matrices are jordanian, but also unimodular, and lead to solutions of
the regular supergravity equations of motion. In general our
deformations are equivalent to particular non-abelian T duality
transformations. Curiously, one of our backgrounds is also equivalent to
one produced by TsT transformations and an S duality transformation.
International aspects of assessing the logistic potential of the main countries of agricultural production
Authors: M. Taraniuk Leonid , Wang Jianping , Qiu Hongzhou , Petrushenko Yuriy , Taraniuk Karina
Published: July 2019

One of the main conditions for improving the overall competitiveness of the country is the formation of its sustainable logistic potential, since logistics is responsible for promoting the country’s products, both in the domestic and foreign markets. This is also characteristic for agricultural companies of the main countries of agricultural production in the world, which need to manage their logistic business processes effectively. The business processes of logistics sphere include the processes of warehousing, transportation and further distribution of agricultural products between the entities of the agrarian market (warehousing, traders, wholesale and retail trade network, consumers) at the national, as well as international level. Internationalization of agricultural production includes the formation of cooperative industrial relations in the agrarian sphere between the countries in the chain of “production, processing and marketing”, and the management of business processes in the logistics sphere. The latter is characterized by the business process management of the warehousing, transport, distribution areas at the national and international levels and food safety, which represents increasing demand for food in many countries of the world. These are some of the main signs of sustainable logistic development at the national and international levels. A methodical approach to assessing the logistic potential of the main countries of agricultural production in the world is improved; this method is characterized by a set of competitive elements and includes the assessment of logistics management of countries by blocks: product safety, internationalization of production and logistics, management of business processes. The result of this improved method of assessing the logistic potential of the world countries is a developed criterial basis, which allows making effective managerial decisions at the interstate and state levels regarding the logistic development of agrarian productions.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji
Authors: Purwandari Ratna , Subagiyo Sidiq , Wibowo Teguh
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap Esherichia coli dan Bacillus subtilis. Senyawa antioksidan dalam daun jambu biji diperoleh dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan metode Soxhletasi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun jambu biji. Sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun jambu biji. Identifikasi senyawa antioksidan menggunakan metode kromatografi paper disc. Dari hasil penelitian ekstraksi daun jambu biji tersebut membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan terhadap Esherichia coli dan Bacillus subtilis. Sehingga daun jambu biji dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai jenis penyakit
Analisis Kualitatif Logam Cd Pada Sungai JL. Kaligawe Raya
Authors: Rahmawati Silvi
Published: July 2019

Sepanjang Jl. Kaligawe Raya terdapat berbagai macam industri, sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber logam berat Cd yang dapat mencemari sungai yang ada disekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara kualitatif kandungan logam berat Cd dalam air di sungai yang mengalir di sepanjang Jl. Kaligawe Raya. Penelitian  dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus. Analisis logam Cd dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan empat pereaksi yang berbeda.menggunakan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sungai tersebut terdeteksi logam berat Cd pada Stasiun 3 sedangkan pada stasiun 1 dan 2 tidak terdeteksi
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI LARUTAN HF PADA PROSES PREPARASI TERHADAP KADAR UNSUR BAHAN MAGNETIK PASIR BESI
Authors: Rettob Abraham Laurens , Karbeka Martasiana
Published: July 2019

Bahan magnetik (BM) pasir besi alam merupakan salah satu sumber adsorben magnetik. Selain BM, pasir besi alam juga mengandung bahan non-magnetik . Preparasi BM pasir besi dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar unsur magnetik di dalamnya. Pasir besi alam yang digunakan berasal dari pesisir pantai Lansilowo. Preparasi dilakukan dengan pencucian menggunakan larutan HF dengan konsentrasi 0, 2, 5 dan 10%. Hasil analisis kadar unsur dengan XRF menunjukkan bahwa unsur dominan pada pasir besi Lansilowo adalah Fe dan Cr, yang merupakan unsur penyumbang sifat kemagnetan pada BM. Pencucian dengan larutan HF berbagai konsentrasi menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan kadar unsur pada BM. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan HF mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar Fe dan Cr total (89,56%) serta penurunan kadar Si (2,60%).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan HF optimum yang digunakan adalah 10%.

 
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN KULIT UDANG GALAH
Authors: Azizati Zidni
Published: July 2019

Kitosan merupakan biopolimer yang diturunkan dari kitin, sumber alam yang dapat diperbarui yang sangat berlimpah di dunia setelah selulosa. Kitosan disintesis dari sumber alam yang berasal dari limbah krustasea, ikan, dan kulit udang. Salah satu aplikasi limbah kulit udang yang paling umum yaitu isolasi kitosan. Preparasi kitosan terbagi menjadi tiga tahap. Deproteinasi, dealuminasi, dan deasetilasi. Isolasi kitosan meliputi preparasi limbah kulit udang menjadi kitin dan deasetilasi kitin menjadi kitosan. Kitin dan kitosan dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD. Derajat deasetilasi kitosan pada penelitian ini diukur menggunakan FTIR sebesar 93,47%. Berat molekul kitosan ditentukan dengan viskosimeter kinematik sebesar 19.000 g/mol. Pola XRD kitosan menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal kitosan merupakan ortorombik. Hasil analisis dengan FTIR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa kitosan telah berhasil disintesis pada penelitian ini.
Evaluation of genotoxicity and hematological effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by disinfection by-products
Authors: Perveen Samina , Hashmi Imran , Khan Romana
Published: July 2019

Disinfection is intended to improve drinking water quality and human health. Although disinfectants may transform organic matter and form disinfection by-products (DBPs), many are branded as cyto- and genotoxic. Traditionally, research focuses on the effects of DBPs on human health, but cytogenic impacts on aquatic organisms still remain ill defined. The current study examines the potential toxic effect of chloroform and iodoform (DBPs) on Cyprinus carpio, selected as a model organism. Fish specimens were exposed to various concentrations of DBPs primarily based on LD50 values, where acute toxicity was monitored for 96 h. Headspace SPME extraction through gas chromatography was employed to assess the effects of spiked DBPs doses in fish blood. Cytotoxicity was monitored using Comet assay. Tail length, tail DNA, and olive tail moment values were quantified to be significant (P < 0.05) as compared to control. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all blood parameters (hematology) was observed. Changes in biochemical indices (glucose, total protein, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) were also significant. ALT secretion was significantly increased (93 ± 0.05 and 82.8 ± 0.1 U/L) at higher concentration compared to control (56 ± 0.1 U/L), suggesting liver damage. Results demonstrated that iodoform was statistically more damaging as compared to chloroform.
Estudo de impactos sociais abordados em artigos científicos de turismo via periódico Capes
Authors: Damas Marcos Tonet , Brambatti Luiz Ernesto
Published: July 2019

RESUMO

 

Entender o turismo como uma atividade multidisciplinar que vai além de bens e serviços se faz necessário, visto que tal relação traz um melhor entendimento relacionado aos impactos sociais existentes entre ambos. Pretende-se neste trabalho verificar como os impactos sociais do turismo vem sendo trabalhados em artigos encontrados através do portal de periódico CAPES no período de 2015 á 2017, foram analisados sobre o viés de impactos sociais, com o intuito de discutir as experiências de pesquisadores sobre o tema, como também analisar suas complexidades e limitações relacionadas às experiências, consequências que a atividade turística pode vir a trazer. Nesse contexto, compreender essas experiências trazidas pelos autores traz maior clareza entre teoria e prática, contribuindo assim para a importância do entendimento das esferas sobre seus possíveis tipos de impactos podendo ser tanto positivos ou negativos, alternativas e análises encontradas. A metodologia utilizada refere-se a pesquisa de caráter exploratória e bibliográfica, no qual teve-se como resultado geral 81 artigos analisados entre os anos de 2015 até 2017, sendo que em uma avaliação mais criteriosa, percebeu-se que deste total apenas 30 artigos científicos tratavam do tema objeto deste estudo, Desta forma os artigos analisados trazem entendimentos significativos para o tema proposto neste estudo, onde as situações relatadas apresentam total coerência e acima de tudo seriedade ao se abordar os impactos sociais do turismo e suas múltiplas inter-relações.

 

 

Palavras-chaves: Impactos sociais do turismo; artigos científicos; reflexões;
Touristification in historic cities. Reflections on Malaga
Authors: García Bujalance Susana , Barrera-Fernández Daniel , Scalici Miriam
Published: July 2019

This research analyses the consequences in the economy of the city, in the urban environment and in the life of residents affected by the massive arrival of tourists in the historic centre of Malaga in Andalusia, Spain. The research combines a mixed methodology consisting of analysis of urban plans and administrative documents, statistics, direct observation of tourism-related activities, the definition of a list of indicators and verification of their application in the case study. Mass tourism in a historic city is a cause of conflicts between visitors and residents, but there are also positive effects such as job creation, cosmopolitanism or the expansion of the cultural offer. This research shows that it is necessary to act on tourists-residents’ conflicts in order to avoid the transformation of historic centres into places that expel the neighbours to give place to tourists. Planning and urban management, the active participation of citizens, as well as an awareness by the public administration, are key issues to avoid that historic centres become emptied of urban content to be turned into a scene for tourist consumption. This is the first research of the kind developed in the city of Malaga, one of the Spanish cities where tourism is growing faster, thus, the results could be applied to other cases in the same situation in the country and the Mediterranean.
Interface entre Municípios, Turismo e Eventos: Um olhar para a Microrregião do Litoral Sul Potiguar e impactos possíveis
Authors: Virginio Darlyne Fontes , Moreira Yohana Silva , Lima Paulo Messias da Paz de , Chacon Laynara Silva
Published: July 2019

O turismo de eventos pode ser considerado uma das grandes molas propulsoras do turismo, especialmente, em períodos de baixa estação, uma vez que ele é o segundo segmento que mais gera fluxo de movimentação turística (Ministério do Turismo [MTur], 2013). Assim, abarcar os impactos dessa atividade no contexto da Microrregião do Litoral Sul Potiguar - MRLS torna-se inerente a este estudo, principalmente, por ser pioneiro na região que carece de pesquisas mais aprofundadas sobre turismo, eventos e impactos. Dessa forma, seu objetivo foi compreender qual a interface dos municípios da Microrregião do Litoral Sul Potiguar com o turismo, os eventos e os impactos possíveis que podem ser gerados em seus principais destinos, outrossim, o presente estudo se caracteriza como descritivo e de caráter exploratório tendo como base pesquisas em fontes bibliográficas, artigos científicos, entre outros documentos emitidos por entidades do setor. O recorte espacial é composto por 3 (três) municípios turísticos do litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte, são eles: Baía Formosa, Canguaretama e Tibau do Sul, já que concentram os principais eventos que fomentam a vinda de turistas para a Microrregião. Assim, foi possível identificar a interface dos municípios da MRLS com o turismo, quais são os principais eventos realizados e que impactos possíveis eles podem gerar, sendo o turismo de eventos um dos segmentos que mais recebem atenção nos períodos de baixa temporada, visando o incremento no fluxo turístico local.
Site responsivo e sua utilização nos resort do Brasil
Authors: Sturmer Carlos Rogerio , De Souza Claudio Alexandre
Published: July 2019

A cada dia surgem novas tecnologias e dispositivos para acessar internet e estes novos equipamentos possuem telas de diferentes tamanhos e recursos cada vez mais inteligentes, entre eles, smartphones, tables, smart TV, desktop, notebook. O tema site responsivo surge como uma necessidade cada vez maior neste cenário, onde clientes cada vez mais conectados acessam a internet utilizando dispositivos com diferentes configurações. Partindo deste princípio, observa-se a importância da utilização desta tecnologia no site dos meios de hospedagem podendo fazer toda a diferença na decisão da compra. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os sites utilizados pelos resorts no Brasil são responsivos, utilizando o cadastro da ABR (Associação Brasileira de Resorts) com 48 resorts. A metodologia utilizada foi a aplicação de teste dos sites utilizando a ferramenta “Mobile-Friendly Test” disponibilizada pela empresa Google, com posterior tabulação e realização de gráficos, para melhor visualização, com o uso do software Excel. Identificou-se que no total de 48 resort pesquisado constatou-se que 7 não possuem sites responsivos. O presente artigo vem a complementar o estudo de sites responsivos na hotelaria.
From Healthy Aging to Frailty: In Search of the Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Brivio Paola , Paladini Maria Serena , Racagni Giorgio , Riva Marco Andrea , Calabrese Francesca , Molteni Raffaella
Published: July 2019

:

Population aging is accelerating rapidly worldwide, from 461 million people older than 65 years in 2004 to an estimated 2 billion people by 2050, leading to critical implications for the planning and delivery of health and social care.

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The most problematic expression of population aging is the clinical condition of frailty, which is a state of increased vulnerability that develops as a consequence of the accumulation of microscopic damages in many physiological systems that lead to a striking and disproportionate change in health state, even after an apparently small insult.

:

Since little is known about the biology of frailty, an important perspective to understand this phenomenon is to establish how the alterations that physiologically occur during a condition of healthy aging may instead promote cumulative decline with subsequent depletion of homoeostatic reserve and increase the vulnerability also after minor stressor events.

:

In this context, the present review aims to provide a description of the molecular mechanisms that, by having a critical impact on behavior and neuronal function in aging, might be relevant for the development of frailty. Moreover, since these biological systems are also involved in the coping strategies set in motion to respond to environmental challenges, we propose a role for lifestyle stress as an important player to drive frailty in aging.
Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Pivina Lyudmila , Dadar Maryam , Semenova Yuliya , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Aaseth Jan
Published: July 2019

The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended
limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can
enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of
the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in
osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure
and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may
approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review
focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel,
chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the
long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age
groups in the whole population.
Access to Opioids for Patients with Advanced Disease
Authors: Edwards Helen , Bennett Michael
Published: July 2019

Pain at the end of life is common in both malignant and non-malignant disease. It is feared by patients,
their families and careers, and professionals. Effective pain control can be achieved for the majority of patients at
the end of life using a multimodal approach. Pharmacological management relies predominantly on strong
opioids. In spite of this, evidence suggests that under treatment of pain is common resulting in unnecessary suffering.
Multiple barriers to use of opioids have been identified. Patient barriers include reluctance to report pain
and to take analgesics. Professional barriers include inadequate pain assessment and lack of specialist knowledge
and confidence in opioid therapy. Fear of side effects including respiratory depression affects patients and professionals
alike. The impact of the “opioid epidemic”, with increasing prescribed and illicit opioid use around the
world, has also led to increasingly stringent regulation and concern about under prescribing in palliative care.
System barriers to use of opioids at the end of life result from limited opioid availability in some countries and
also inconsistent and limited access to palliative care. Multiple interventions have been developed to address
these barriers, targeted at patients, professionals and systems. There is increasing evidence to suggest that complex
interventions combining a number of different approaches are most effective in optimising pain outcomes for
patients at the end of life.
Adenosine Receptors as Novel Targets for the Treatment of Various Cancers
Authors: Gorain Bapi , Choudhury Hira , Yee Gan Sook , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar
Published: July 2019

Adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling nucleoside molecule, released from different cells within the body to act on vasculature and immunoescape. The physiological action on the proliferation of tumour cell has been reported by the presence of high concentration of adenosine within the tumour microenvironment, which results in the progression of the tumour, even leading to metastases. The activity of adenosine exclusively depends upon the interaction with four subtypes of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors (AR), A1, A2A, A2B, and A3-ARs on the cell surface. Research evidence supports that the activation of those receptors via specific agonist or antagonist can modulate the proliferation of tumour cells. The first category of AR, A1 is known to play an antitumour activity via tumour-associated microglial cells to prevent the development of glioblastomas. A2AAR are found in melanoma, lung, and breast cancer cells, where tumour proliferation is stimulated due to inhibition of the immune response via inhibition of natural killer cells cytotoxicity, T cell activity, and tumourspecific CD4+/CD8+ activity. Alternatively, A2BAR helps in the development of tumour upon activation via upregulation of angiogenin factor in the microvascular endothelial cells, inhibition of MAPK and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation activity. Lastly, A3AR is expressed in low levels in normal cells whereas the expression is upregulated in tumour cells, however, agonists to this receptor inhibit tumour proliferation through modulation of Wnt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Several researchers are in search for potential agents to modulate the overexpressed ARs to control cancer. Active components of A2AAR antagonists and A3AR agonists have already entered in Phase-I clinical research to prove their safety in human. This review focused on novel research targets towards the prevention of cancer progression through stimulation of the overexpressed ARs with the hope to protect lives and advance human health.
Free Radical Scavenging and Some Pharmaceutical Utilities of Nanoparticles in the Recent Scenario
Authors: Baskaran Xavier-Ravi , Vigila Antony-Varuvel G. , Rajan Kilimas , Zhang Shouzhou , Liao Wenbo
Published: July 2019

Background:

Nanopharmaceuticals have rapidly emerged as a means to cure several diseases. There
are numerous reports describing the development and application of nanopharmaceuticals. Here, we discussed
nanoparticle synthesis and the mechanisms to scavenge free radicals. We also discuss their major properties and
list several commercially available nanomedicines.

Results:

Reactive oxygen and hydrogen species are formed during normal metabolism, and excessive reactive
species can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA and cause disease. Plant- and microbe-based nanoparticles, which
can protect tissues from free radical damage, have recently gained research momentum because they are inexpensive
and safe.

Conclusion:

Synthetic and biocompatible nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and
anticancer properties, which can be used to treat several diseases. Further studies are needed to investigate their
sizes, dose-dependent activities, and mechanisms of action.
P1 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists in Clinical Trials - Potential Drug Candidates of the Future
Authors: Borah Pobitra , Deka Satyendra , Mailavaram Raghu Prasad , Deb Pran Kishore
Published: July 2019

Background:

Adenosine mediates various physiological and pathological conditions by acting on its four P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors). Omnipresence of P1 receptors and their activation, exert a wide range of biological activities. Thus, its modulation is implicated in various disorders like Parkinson’s disease, asthma, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Hence these receptors have become an interesting target for the researchers to develop potential therapeutic agents. Number of molecules were designed and developed in the past few years and evaluated for their efficacy in various disease conditions.

Objective:

The main objective is to provide an overview of new chemical entities which have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage following their current status and future prospective.

Methods:

In this review we discuss current status of the drug candidates which have undergone clinical trials and their prospects.

Results:

Many chemical entities targeting various subtypes of P1 receptors are patented; twenty of them have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage. Two of them viz adenosine and regadenoson are approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Conclusion:

This review is an attempt to highlight the current status, progress and probable future of P1 receptor ligands which are under clinical trials as promising novel therapeutic agents and the direction in which research should proceed with a view to come out with novel therapeutic agents.
The Activity of Alkanna Species in vitro Culture and Intact Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Sahakyan Naira , Petrosyan Margarit , Trchounian Armen
Published: July 2019

Overcoming the antibiotic resistance is nowadays a challenge. There is still no clear strategy to combat
this problem. Therefore, the urgent need to find new sources of antibacterial agents exists. According to some
literature, substances of plant origin are able to overcome bacterial resistance against antibiotics. Alkanna species
plants are among the valuable producers of these metabolites. But there is a problem of obtaining the standardized
product. So, this review is focused on the discussion of the possibilities of biotechnological production of antimicrobial
agents from Alkanna genus species against some microorganisms including antibiotic resistant bacterial
strains.
Dendrimer Based Nanoarchitectures in Diabetes Management: An Overview
Authors: Mishra Vijay , Yadav Nishika , Saraogi Gaurav K. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Giri Namita
Published: July 2019

Diabetes has turned out to be one of the biggest worldwide health and economic burdens, with its
expanded predominance and high complexity proportion. The quantity of diabetic patients is expanding enormously
around the world. Several reports have demonstrated the sharp increment in the sufferers. Stable and
acceptable blood glucose control is fundamental to diminish diabetes-related complications. Consequently, ceaseless
endeavors have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment strategies, and nanotechnology based products to
accomplish better diabetes control. The nanocarriers pertaining hypoglycaemics provide improved diabetes management
with minimum risk of associated side effects. Dendrimers have caught an incredible attention in the field
of drug delivery and personalized medicines. Dendrimers are three-dimensional well-defined homogenous
nanosized structures consisting tree-like branches. The present review highlights the different aspects of dendrimers
including fabrication, surface engineering, toxicological profile as well as delivery of antidiabetic drugs for
the effective cure of diabetes.
Comparison of the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients with Pain Treated with Oral Controlled-Release Morphine and Oxycodone and Transdermal Buprenorphine and Fentanyl
Authors: Leppert Wojciech , Nosek Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

Aim:

To compare the effects of oral morphine and oxycodone and transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine
on quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients with severe pain.

Patients and Methods:

Cancer patients with severe pain (NRS 6-10) treated at home and in outpatient clinics who
failed to respond to non-opioids and/or “weak” opioids were randomized to morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, or
buprenorphine treatment for 28 days. Immediate-release oral morphine was rescued analgesic and 10-ml lactulose
twice daily was prophylaxis of constipation; no antiemetics were used for prophylaxis.

Results:

Above all, 62 patients participated and 53 patients completed the study. Good analgesia was obtained
with all 4 opioids. Morphine was associated with the less negative impact of pain on the ability to walk and normal
work, and tendency on activity (BPI-SF) and lower consumption of rescue morphine. All 4 opioids elicited
similar adverse effects. According to ESAS, the intensity of nausea and drowsiness increased at the beginning but
decreased as treatment continued. Appetite, well–being, anxiety, depression, and fatigue improved. No changes
were seen in constipation, vomiting and dyspnea. Constipation was rarely observed with all opioids (BFI). Any
opioids improved overall QoL and emotional functioning with tendency improving physical functioning (EORTC
QLQ-C15-PAL). Activity improved (Karnofsky). Morphine induced greater improvement in physical functioning
and trend in improvement mood (HADS).

Conclusion:

All opioids significantly improved patients’ QoL. Morphine induced less negative impact of pain on
daily activities and greater improvement in physical functioning with trends of better mood and less intense fatigue.