bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized data of criteria of risk factors for the use of the drug torasemide from the materials of its preclinical studies
Authors: Anisimova Natalia A. , Selizarova Natalia O. , Plisko Grigory A. , Semivelichenko Evgeny D. , Napalkova Svetlana M.
Published: December 2020

This study presents the review and analysis of materials, the summary of the data on the results of experimental (preclinical) pharmacological studies of the drug Torasemide and the results of clinical studies of the original drug Demadex, based on risk factors influencing the outcomes of hypertension in people. The information on the efficacy and safety of the drugs based on Torasemide is also presented in the relevant sections of the article.

The search for information sources for the review was carried out using domestic and international databases elibrary and PubMed, applying contextual queries, including international non-proprietary names, terms of preclinical studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and animal species used.

This review considers the aspects of safety, pharmacokinetics, primary and secondary pharmacodynamics of Torasemide, available in various sources describing its preclinical studies.

The summarized data presented in the study, in our opinion, may be used by researchers who are engaged in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the issues of studying the efficacy and safety of generic drugs used in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular pathology.

The information on the advantages of Torasemide in comparison with Furosemide in the treatment of animals with simulated arterial hypertension deserves special consideration.
Strategies for search of pharmacological drugs against SARS-CoV-2 on the base of studying the structural-genetic features of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vashchenko Vladimir I. , Vilyaninov Vladimir N. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: December 2020

A sudden outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan, China in December 2019 quickly grew into a global pandemic, putting at risk not only the global healthcare system, but also the world economy. As the disease continues to spread rapidly, the development of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches is urgently required. Although some progress has been made in understanding the viral structure and invasion mechanism of coronaviruses that may cause severe cases of the syndrome, due to the limited understanding of the immune effects caused by SARS-CoV-2, it is difficult for us to prevent patients from developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the major complications of coronavirus infection. Therefore, any potential treatments should focus not only on direct killing of coronaviruses and prevention strategies by vaccine development, but also on keeping in check the acute immune/inflammatory responses, resulting in ARDS and PF. In addition, potential treatments currently under clinical trials focusing on killing coronaviruses or on developing vaccines preventing coronavirus infection largely ignore the host immune response. However, taking care of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with ARDS and PF is considered to be the major difficulty. Therefore, further understanding of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is extremely important for clinical resolution and saving medication cost. In addition to a breif overview of the structure, infection mechanism, and possible therapeutic approaches, we summarized and compared the hematopathologic effect and immune responses to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Also the basic molecular mechanisms of an atypical pneumonia and molecular targets SARS-CoV-2 that allows to allocate 8 basic directions of search of pharmacological agents for struggle with SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. Mathematical methods of search of perspective preparations for struggle with COVID-19 are in detail discussed. The pathophysiological mechanisms of an infection inducing a lymphopenia or cytokine storm that allows to allocate a special direction of search of pharmacological preparations for struggle against new coronaviruse SARS-CoV-2 are discussed.
Oxidative stress as a problem of psychopharmacology
Authors: Arushanyan Eduard B. , Naumov Stanislav S.
Published: December 2020

The review presents current literary information about the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of oxidative stress and its participation in the development of schizophrenia and mental depression. Experimental and clinical data about its involvement in the effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs are also summarized.
How to improve the selectivity of drugs
Authors: Dumpis Marina A. , Brusina Marija A. , Litasova Elena V. , Iljin Viktor V. , Nikolayev Dmitrii N. , Piotrovskiy Levon B.
Published: December 2020

The review discusses in detail the causes of side effects of drugs, caused, inter alia, by the high complexity of the organism. The different ways are represented to overcome this problem by creating, in particular, targeted delivery systems. But nevertheless, drugs whose activity is manifested in milligram doses have minimal side effects.
Benzodiazepine tranquilizers abolish the stress-induced increase of the brain ghrelin level in DANIO RERIO
Authors: Blazhenko Aleksandra A. , Khokhlov Platon P. , Tissen Ilia Yu. , Devyashin Aleksandr S. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Proshin Sergey N. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: December 2020

Danio reriohas firmly established itself as a successful model for research in many areas of biology and medicine, first of all for developing new medicines.

The aimof our study was to evaluate ghrelin level in zebrafish brain after stress and after phenazepam usage on stressed fish.

Methods.In our study 96Danio rerio, predatorCichlasoma nicaraguensishave been used. The fish have been kept at anormal room temperature (2223C) with standard feeding time (twice per day). The level of neuropeptides has been tested by ELISA test. During experiment a fish has been firstly placed in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance, then has been transferred into a tank with predator. In the end of experiment, it has been put into a novel tank for 6 min. The decapitation has been made. Thebrain has been divided into three anatomical parts:telencephalonjust behind the olfactory bulb, the middle partcorpora bigemiaandcerebellum, which is situated behind thecorpora bigemia. After that the material for ELISA test was made using GhrelinFISH, MyBioSource ELISA kit.

Results.In the control group ghrelin has been determined only in thecerebellumin 57.14% of all fish. In the experiment with predator ghrelin has been found in all tested brain parts of fish, but in thetelencephalonthere was the highest level. Inthe experiment with phenazepam usage only and phenazepam administration after predator stress, the ghrelin value has not been determined atall.

Conclusion.Thus we have found out that the ghrelin value increases after predator stress and the drug phenazepam eliminated it completely after its administration. We may suppose that the administration of anxiolytics such as phenazepam can reduce the anxiety inDanio rerio.
Advanced method of pinealectomy in rats
Authors: Ovanesov Karen B.
Published: December 2020

A description of his own modification of the method of surgical removal of the pineal gland (pinealectomy) in rats, which has a number of advantages over traditional methods, is given.
Gases as ingredients of medicines
Authors: Urakov Aleksandr L.
Published: December 2020

The literature review shows that today all over the world reference books on medicines, state Pharmacopoeia, textbooks on pharmacology and pharmacy, as well as scientific articles published in pharmaceutical and pharmacological scientific journals, contain information about medicines without taking into account the presence of gases in them. The effect of each drug is historically considered on the example of the action of its main ingredient without taking into account the action of other ingredients, namely, auxiliary, formative agents and means that change the color, taste and smell of drugs. At the same time, the biological activity of the main ingredients is traditionally considered as the activity of highly purified chemical reagents with the brand pure for analysis. The results of a review of scientific and patent literature have shown that in natural conditions, due to high atmospheric air pressure, air gases are always present in all substances, including liquid and solid drugs, as well as human and animal body tissues. Usually, air gases remain invisible to the naked eye. It was found that the composition and quantity of gases in medicines affect their mechanical, physical, chemical and physico-chemical properties, which give the drugs a non-specific activity when applied topically. Using the example of water, solutions and tablets, it is shown how the content of gases in them changes under vacuum, low, normal and high atmospheric pressure, and how this changes their physical and chemical properties. It is shown that the regulation of the content of gases in water, solutions and tablets of medicines allows to regulate their mass, volume, specific gravity, porosity and non-specific physical and chemical activity of medicines when applied topically. It is shown that air and individual gases have biological activity, so they can determine the mechanism of action of drugs. Recipes of new medicines in which gas is an auxiliary, formative or main ingredient are given. Itis proposed to include gases in the formulation of medicines, as well as to control the gas composition ofmedicines as an indicator of their quality and a factor of their physical and chemical activity, which can determine the type of medicines local action.
Kolonoskopi sonrası nadir bir komplikasyon: Akut apandisit
Authors: AYDIN Muhammet , AKBULUT Sabiye , AKYOL Hüseyin , AYDIN Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Gaitada gizli kan pozitifliği saptanan 50 yaşında, erkek hastaya tarama amaçlı kolonoskopi yapıldı. Kolonoskopide çekuma kadar gidildi; çekum tabanı, apendiks orifisi, ilioçekal valv normal olarak izlendi. Total kolonoskopisi tamamlanan hasta, gözlem sonrası herhangi bir komplikasyon gelişmemesi üzerine, işlemden yaklaşık bir saat sonra taburcu edildi. Kolonoskopi işleminden 24 saat sonra karın ağrısı yakınması ile tekrar başvurdu; tüm abdominal bilgisayarlı tomografi çekildi ve akut apandisit tanısı konularak, laparoskopik apendektomi yapıldı. Patolojik inceleme sonucu akut flegmenöz apandisit olarak rapor edildi. Kolonoskopi sonrası akut apandisit oldukça nadir, fakat önemli bir komplikasyondur. Biz kolonoskopi işlemi sonrası akut apandisit gelişen bu olguyu oldukça nadir görülmesi nedeniyle sunmaktayız.
Iraqi EFL Students' Perspective on Speaking Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Authors: Naeem Noor Sabah , Saad Norma
Published: December 2020

The study was aimed at understanding the EFL Iraqi students’ perspective on speaking anxiety. Specifically, the study investigated the causes of speaking anxiety based on data collected for a pilot study involving two Iraqi EFL postgraduate students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Pseudonyms were used to refer to the participants as Omer and Sarah. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants. The interview sessions took approximately 15-20 minutes for each participant and were videotaped and audiotaped. Semi-structured interviews with 15 questions and probes were used. The results showed that the speaking anxiety experienced by the two Iraqi students were due to the class atmosphere, the teacher’s attitudes, lack of vocabulary, rate of speech, different accent and long conversation, fear of being embarrassed, and fear of failing to perform. The causes identified are rooted in Iraqi status of English as a foreign language and method of teaching English as well as the teacher’s attitude towards their students.
Orden social y violencia en Buenaventura: entre el outsourcing criminal y la construcción de paz desde abajo
Authors: Valencia Inge Helena , Sinisterra-Ossa Lizeth
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to analyze the reconfiguration of social orders in Buenaventura in the Colombia’s post-agreement and transition context. It is focused on understand the emergence of new illegal armed groups linked to microtraffick, and the dynamics of daily negotiations of the local inhabitants’ with violence. From a methodological approach based on ethnography, it aims to investigate the incidence of drug trafficking in the region, the ways young black people join criminal gangs, and the daily negotiation strategies with violence carried out by black women. The article concludes that the most vulnerable scenarios are the territories with greater socioeconomic inequalities, that also are related to race, and gender. These relations produce violence and create racialized geographies that can also change in situations of resistance.
BELA TARR SİNEMASINDA PLAN SEKANS KULLANIMI: TORİNO ATI FİLMİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Medin Burak , Çakır Osman
Published: December 2020

Gerçekçi film kuramının
iki önemli ismi olan Bazin ve Kracauer, kaydedilen görüntünün çıplak gücüne
inanır. Sinemanın gerçekle olan doğrudan ilişkisi ekseninde diğer sanatları
aştığını belirten bu iki düşünüre göre sinema, gerçek hayata en fazla yaklaşan
sanattır. Gerçeklik anlayışı Kracauer’den daha farklı olan Bazin’e göre pek çok
gerçeklik vardır ve sinemanın ham maddesi gerçeğin bizatihi kendisi değil,
gerçekliğin bıraktığı izlerdir. Gerçekçi film düşüncesine göre gerçekliğin
bıraktığı izlere ulaşmada zamanın ve uzamın doğal akışı kesintiye
uğratılmamalıdır. Bu çerçevede montajın izleyiciyi manipüle eden yapay
müdahalesi yerine izleyiciyi daha özgür bırakan doğal kurgu, zamanı ve mekânı
parçalamaksızın gösteren plan sekans tercih edilmelidir. Gerçekçi sinema
dilinde izleyiciyi çoğunlukla düşünsel bir katılıma davet eden, bakışlarını
yönlendirmeyen ve zamanı, mekânı parçalamadan anlatıda bütünlük sağlayan plan
sekans yani uzun çekim kullanımı oldukça önem taşır. Gerçekçi film kuramı ve
plan sekans kullanımı arasındaki bu derin ilişkiden hareketle bu çalışmada Bela
Tarr sinemasına ve yönetmenin plan sekans kullanımına odaklanıldı. Bela Tarr’ın
sinema dilinin gerçekçi sinema diline yakın olduğu varsayıldı. Kapsam ve
sınırlılık ekseninde plan sekans kullanımına yönelik önemli veriler sunacağı
varsayılan Torino Atı (The Turin Horse, 2011) filmi çalışmanın araştırma
nesnesi olarak belirlendi. Kare kare film analizi yöntemi ile plan sekansların
kullanımı ve inşa edilmeye çalışılan anlam çözümlendi.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR-DRIVEN EJECTOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM UNDER EL-OUED CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ALGERIA
Authors: GHODBANE Mokhtar , HUSSEİN Ahmed Kadhim
Published: December 2020

In order to understand the behavior and to determine the effective operational parameters of a solar-driven ejector air conditioning system at low or medium temperature, a dynamic model depends on the principles of conservation, the momentum mass and energy is developed. For this purpose, the thermodynamic characteristics of the liquid and vapor refrigerant were identified using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Linear Fresnel solar reflector has been used as a tool to convert solar energy into thermal energy. Water (R718) was used as a refrigerant. The operational conditions for the studied solar-driven ejector air conditioning system are as follows: evaporator temperature “Te =283.15 K”, condenser temperature “Tc =305.15 K”, and generator temperature “Tg = 373.15 K”. The performance of the ejector air conditioning system was compared as a function of the operating parameters of the subsystem. The average value of thermal efficiency of the Fresnel linear concentrator has reached 31.60 %, the drive ratio “ω” is 0.4934, the performance value of the ejector air conditioning subsystem “COPejc” is 60.664 % and the average value of the thermal performance of the machine “STR” has touched 19.17 %. The results obtained through this scientific subject are stimulating and encouraging, where this technique can be used for air conditioning in desert areas in southern Algeria, where fossil energy (petroleum, gas, etc.) is extracted and produced in various types.
Clinical outcome of muscle invasive carcinoma urinary bladder patients treated with bladder preservation protocol
Authors: Joseph John , Kumar Aswin , Mathews Susan , Krishna Jagathnath K. M. , James Francis V.
Published: December 2020

Background: To evaluate the outcome in terms of bladder preservation in muscle invasive urinary bladder patients treated with radical radiotherapy.Methods: A total of sixty patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who were treated between 2011 and 2013 with bladder preservation protocol were identified. Thirty-two patients were stage T2 disease, rest were T3 and T4. Initial TURBT was reported complete in 24 of the total 60 patients. All patients received 60 to 64Gy to the whole bladder.Results: The follow-up range was 3 to 72 months. One year follow-up proportion was 78%. The median progression free survival was 40months. Early stage (T2) and advanced stage (T3 and T4) had progression free survival of 87.8% and 48.5% respectively at one year follow-up with a p value of 0.001. Thirty-six patients who had an incomplete Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) initially had a statistically significant lower PFS compared to those patients who had a complete TURBT with a p value of 0.029. Twenty-nine patients were disease free with an intact bladder during the follow-up period providing a bladder preservation rate of 48%.Conclusions: A bladder-conserving protocol with radiotherapy provides encouraging results with nearly half of the patients able to retain a disease-free bladder. Proper patient selection with early stage disease and those with complete TURBT may further improve the bladder preservation rates.
Chapare mammarenavirus - a new deadly virus outbreak: a review
Authors: Gujar Dnyaneshwari , Choudary N. Sriram , Joshi Chaitrali , Raigir Nikhitha , Sharma Shreshth , Babu Kommuri Baji , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: December 2020

In 2003 an emerging mammarenavirus (formerly arenaviruses) was discovered in Bolivia and named Chapare (CHAPV). It was related to severe and fatal haemorrhagic fever, being similar in clinical features to Machupo (MACV). In mid-2019, CHAPV was the explanation for a cluster of 5 cases, two of them laboratory confirmed, three of them fatal. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and subsequent analysis of the entire virus S and L ribonucleic acid (RNA) segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the pathogenic South American arenaviruses. The virus was shown to be most closely associated with Sabia´ virus, but with 26% and 30% nucleotide difference within the S and L segments, and 26%, 28%, 15% and 22% aminoalkanoic acid differences for the L, Z, N, and GP proteins. LUJV, CHAPV, GTOV, and SABV, which are geographically restricted, have been associated with only a few to a few dozen cases. They are, therefore, relatively unimportant to clinicians compared to many other viruses that are usually co-endemic. However, MACV, JUNV, and especially LASV have caused large outbreaks (LASV has caused hundreds of thousands of infections per year). Visitors to countries in which these viruses are endemic, or war-fighters that are deployed to these countries, need to be aware of how to prevent and suspect a mammarenavirus infection.
Histopathological spectrum of salivary gland lesions - in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Srinivasan Gomathi , J. Francis Asir Joseph , Kaliyaperumal Shanmugam , Ponnaiah Arunalatha
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Histopathology is the most important means in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. The objective of this study is, to study occurrence of salivary lesions during a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019, to study age, sex and site distribution of various salivary gland lesions, to study histo-morphological aspect of these lesions.Methods: Surgically resected salivary gland specimens received at Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai were subjected to histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed, embedded, sections cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: There were a total of 30 salivary gland specimens. Out of thirty, 25 were neoplastic and 5 were non-neoplastic. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest of all benign tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. Among the 21 benign tumors, 16 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and a case each of myoepithelioma, benign metastasising pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, warthins tumor and schwannoma were found. Among the 4 malignant tumors, 2 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and a case of myoepithelial carcinoma were found. Among the 5 non neoplastic lesions a case each of chronic sialadenitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, inflammatory myofibroblastioc tumor, parotid abscess and lymphoepithelial cyst were found.Conclusions: The diagnosis of salivary gland lesions by histopathological examination is the most important method in diagnosis and differentiating benign and malignant lesions and to predict prognosis by typing, staging and grading of malignant neoplasms.
Gut microbiota: friend or foe
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Bhatnagar Shubhi Shubhangi , Nair Meghna Prashant , Chaudhary Bhupendra
Published: December 2020

Comprising of trillions of various bacteria, protozoan, fungi and viruses, the gut microbiota live in human body as a super complex ecosystem mostly in gastro intestinal tract (70%). Apart from GI tract they also inhabit skin, mouth and sexual organs as an essential ecological community of commensal, symbiotic or even pathogenic relationship. These microbiota interplay with bodily immune, endocrinal, metabolic and nervous system and produces various pathological changes responsible for disease etiology. These microbiota play a major role in digestion and absorption of macro molecules, maturation of immune system, protection of gut and behavioural development of an individual. In gut disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) the altered brain axis is responsible for disorders like depression, anxiety, schizoaffective disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis and parkinson’s disease.
Pathologies associated with impacted maxillary canine tooth in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khan Usman Qadir , Raza Abid , Shaikh Qaimuddin , Nazir Saadia , Ambreen Nadia
Published: December 2020

Background: The pathologies associated with impacted maxillary canine tooth presented as radiolucent, radiopaque and mixed radiolucent radiopaque lesions on radiographs and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor was the most common pathology associated with it followed by dentigerous cyst, odontoma and calcifying odontogenic cyst after histopathological confirmation. This study was planned to determine the frequency of pathologies associated with impacted maxillary canine tooth in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Dental / Oral Surgery Department, Shaikh Zayed Medical College / Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan from January to December 2017. A total of 60 patients with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of impacted maxillary canine tooth were enrolled. Orthopantomogram and/or para nasal sinus view were considered as the standard radiograph for assessment of pathologies associated with impacted maxillary canine tooth which were confirmed by histopathological examination. Demographics and radiographic findings and histopathological confirmation of pathologies were noted.Results: Out of a total of 60 patients, 38 (63.33%) pathologies associated with impacted maxillary canine presented as radiolucent lesion, 11 (18.33%) each presented as radiopaque and mixed radiolucent radiopaque lesion. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (30%) was the most common pathology associated with impacted maxillary canine tooth. The other pathologies associated were dentigerous cyst (26.67%), odontoma (18.33%), calcifying odontogenic cyst (11.66%), calcifying odontogenic cyst with an odonotoma (6.66%), Odontogenic keratocyst (3.33%) and Ameloblastoma (3.33%).Conclusions: The most common pathology occurring predominantly with impacted maxillary canine tooth was adenomatoid odontogenic tumor followed by dentigerous cyst, odontoma and calcifying odontogenic cyst.
Circumosseous wire fixation for metacarpal fractures: an old method revisited
Authors: Malik Anil , Malik Parvesh , Pandey Vijay Kumar , Sharma Dev Jyoti , Pushkar Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background: Different methods are in use for fixation of metacarpal fractures. Krischener wire and titanium miniplates are most commonly used methods. Both these methods require special & sophisticated instruments. In this study, we have used a dental wire in circumosseous fashion to fix the metacarpal fractures.Methods: In the study, we included all the fracture of metacarpals with operative indication. K-wire, minilplate system and circumosseous dental wire methods were used randomly.Results: The results were compared in term of immediate post-operative complications & functional recovery in form of ability of fist formation at 06 weeks. All the three methods were found comparable, in fact in this study the results of fractures treated with circumosseous wiring were appreciable and significantly better.Conclusions: Circumossoeus use of dental wire can be an alternate method of metacarpal fracture fixation.
Factors affecting mortality in burns: a single center study
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan , Hariharan Nisha , Vagholkar Suvarna
Published: December 2020

Background: Burns injury continues to be the greatest challenge to the trauma surgeon. A multitude of factors determine the mortality in burns patients. The present study aims at identifying those factors which have a significant impact on mortality in burns patients.Methods: A total 80 patients presenting with burns injury were studied prospectively. Various factors which included age, sex, aetiology, mode of injury, total body surface area which is burnt (BSA), duration of stay, time interval up to admission, pregnant state, inhalation injury, systemic complications, wound complications, and psychological impact were studied.Results: The mean age was 24.07 years. 59 were females, 21 were males. 19 (23.75%) cases were suicidal in aetiology whereas the remaining 61(76.25%) were accidental. Flame injury was the most common mode of injury in 65 patients (81.25%). The mean BSA in the study was 53.5% whereas the mean BSA in those patients who expired was 71.4%. Mean duration of stay in hospital was 6.55 days whereas mean time interval between burns injury and admission to hospital was 101.33 minutes. All 12 pregnant women had spontaneous miscarriages with a mortality in 11 patients. Inhalation injury was seen in 49 patients (61%) with mortality of 42 (83.7%) patients. Systemic complications seen in 60 patients mortality and BSA was high in patients who had infection. 31 patients in the study had severe depression with a mortality of 91.32%. 50 out of the 80 patients studied expired.Conclusions: Increased age, BSA, mode of injury, presence of inhalation injury, systemic complication, pregnant state, wound infection and depression had a significant impact on the mortality of burns patients.
A comparative study of vacuum assisted closure dressing with conventional dressings in the management of infected wounds
Authors: Singh Karanvir , Puar Gurlal Singh , Kakkar Vikas , Singh Rana Ranjit
Published: December 2020

Background: In the whole world including India, incidence of infected wounds is increasing day by day. Trauma is the most common cause of wounds and number of other factors contribute to wound infection there on. Wound management and care thus carry an important role for such patients in the form of dressings, debridement etc. Many conventional dressings are being used these days, but vacuum assisted closure (VAC) dressing as widely gained acceptance now.Methods: Our study was conducted on 60 patients divided in 2 groups of 30 each to compare VAC dressing with conventional dressings.Results: There was significant difference in total hospital stay, no. of debridement done, granulation tissue fill up and graft take up in both groups, for example, the average hospital stay in group A was 21.8±7.61 and in group B was 26.47±9.55.Conclusions: So, VAC dressing was found to be more beneficial and patient friendly with lesser hospital stay and thus lesser cost than conventional dressings.
Polyglactin 910 versus irradiated polyglactin 910 for subcuticular closure in elective surgeries: a randomized double-blind study
Authors: Bansal Darpan , Bhangu Gurpreet Singh , Gill Shivkaran Kaur , Julka Divya
Published: December 2020

Background: All suture materials are treated as foreign bodies and bring out a reaction in the tissues. The severity and duration of response depends on the type of suture material used. The choice of suture material is based on the concept that it should provide adequate tensile strength across the wound until tissue tensile strength has adequately developed, approximation of the epithelial portion has occurred and that the suture material should be absorbed after serving its function. this study was done to compare irradiated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl Rapide) versus polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) for subcuticular skin closure in patients of elective surgeries and to note post-operative wound inflammation, pain, dehiscence and quality of scar.Methods: 60 consecutive patients undergoing elective surgeries in department of surgery SGRD hospital were taken up for the study from April 2020 to June 2020. After randomization the subjects were divided into two groups. Subcuticular skin closure at the end of surgery was done using a 3-0 polyglactin 910 in group A and 3-0 irradiated polyglactin 910 in group B with cutting needle in both groups. Postoperatively the wound was inspected on day 3, 5, 7 and again 3 weeks after surgery.Results:  Postoperatively the wounds were observed for the signs of inflammation and infection. Each was given a wound score according to scoring system. Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 software and chi-square test. Irradiated polyglactin 910 showed less inflammation, pain and dehiscence along with good quality of scar as compared to polyglactin 910 on comparison.Conclusions: It was concluded that irradiated polyglactin 910 was a better choice for suture material than polyglactin 910 for subcuticular skin closure in terms of postoperative pain, wound dehiscence and quality of scar.
Triclosan coated vicryl versus uncoated vicryl in preventing surgical site infection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaur Amitpal , Sharma Mohit , Singh Karaninder , Bansal Darpan
Published: December 2020

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) are one of the most frequently reported health care associated infections. They are commonly associated with greater morbidity, readmissions, ICU admissions, long-term surgical site complications and mortality. Multiple global studies have shown level 1A clinical evidence that the use of triclosan coated suture reduces the incidence of SSI by 30%.Methods: In the proposed prospective study, 100 cases undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated into Group A and B. Group A were the patients in which wound closure was done using triclosan coated vicryl (vicryl plus) and group B were the patients in which wound closure was done using uncoated vicryl. Then, the patients were followed up for 30 days to observe any signs and symptoms of surgical site infection.Results: Duration as well as severity of pain was decreased in vicryl plus group as compared to uncoated vicryl. Other signs of inflammation such as erythema, swelling, induration and fever were also less in patients who had wound closure using vicryl plus. Wound dehiscence was not observed in either of the groups. Discharge was seen in 1 patient in vicryl plus group but it was seen in 5 patients in uncoated vicryl group. Surgical site infection was seen only in 1 patient in the vicryl plus group, but it was seen in 10 patients uncoated vicryl group.Conclusions: It can be concluded that triclosan coated vicryl (vicryl plus) is better than uncoated vicryl for the prevention of surgical site infection.
Morphological spectrum of gallstone and bacteriology of bile in patient of cholelithiasis visiting tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Gandhi Himank , Bhargava Gopal Swaroop , Bansal Darpan , Singh Karaninder
Published: December 2020

Background: Calculus biliary tract disease continues to be a major health concern. It is normal to see predisposing factors such as cirrhosis, ileal resection in the West; while infection predominates in South East Asia as a cause. We prospectively examined gall stones in this study to investigate the causes and role of bacteria in the disease of gall stone disease.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in department of surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Sri Amritsar, India, from November 2018-August 2020. Total 50 cases were selected and operated by lap/open cholecystectomy were included in this study. During cholecystectomy bile was aspirated and was sent to laboratory for culture. Gallstone retrieved from the specimen was classified based on morphological appearance. Results: Gallstone disease found to be common in female 92% and in the age group of 4-50 years. Bile of gallstones patients is often infected. In this study though morphologically cholesterol stones were commonest but mixed stones were associated with highest infection rates. Most common bile infecting bacterium in all kinds of stones was found to be E. coli 60.8% followed by klebsiella 17.3% and proteus 17.3%. All the organisms cultured were sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides and penicillin group of antibiotics.Conclusions: Bile culture was positive in 46% of the cases. Morphologically cholesterol stones were commonest 52% but mixed stones were associated with highest infection rates (80%). Most common bile infecting bacterium in all kinds of stones was found to be E. coli.
Effect of tamsulosin on ureteric stent related morbidity: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Singh Ripudaman , Bhangu Gurpreet Singh , Bansal Darpan , Rattan Anuj
Published: December 2020

Background: Post ureteral stenting, symptoms occurs of lower urinary tract which impact quality of life in around 80% of patients, urgency, frequency, dysuria, suprapubic pain, hematuria. α1-Adrenoceptors are found in highest density in the distal ureter. α1-Adrenoceptor antagonists dilates the lumen of the ureter and reduces the spasms by decreasing the peristaltic frequency and inhibiting basal tone of the ureter, leading to improvement in stent-related symptoms. This study was conducted to study effect of tamsulosin, a selective α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor antagonist in relieving ureteric stent related symptomsMethods: A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled study conducted from February 2019 to August 2020 in Department of Surgery SGRD University, Amritsar. We enrolled 60 patients with each group of 30 patients (Group A placebo and Group B Tamsilosin 0.4 mg). IPSS (irritative and obstructive), quality of life (QoL) and visual analog scale VAS) pain score were calculated based on post-operative day one versus at Stent removal day (Post-operative day 21) at 3 weeks observations. analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Student ‘t’test (unpaired) and Chi-square test.Results: IPSS, QoL and VAS showed improvement with significant relieve of symptoms in patients on tamsulosin compared to placebo at time of stent removal.Conclusions: The study concluded that administration of tamsulosin a selective α1-blocker is useful in decreasing lower urinary tract symptoms in patients undergoing ureteral stenting.
Incidence of various urothelial malignancy in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kaur Kamal Preet , Bhangu Gurpreet Singh , Bansal Darpan , Julka Divya
Published: December 2020

Background: Urinary bladder lesions are a great health concern as it lies among the top ten most common cancers in the world. These range from benign, harmless lesions that do not recur to life threatening tumors. The present study was undertaken to study incidence of various urothelial cancer in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor in tertiary care hospital, as the treatment, follow up and prognosis is highly variable with different subtypes of bladder cancer.Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor from December 2018 to May 2020 in the Department of General Surgery of Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification incidence of various urothelial malignancy was calculated.Results: Out of 80 patients with growth urinary bladder, 4 patients (5% of total patient) were diagnosed as case of papilloma, 26 patients (32.5% of total patients) were diagnosed as low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, 50 patients (62.5% of total patients) were of high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. There were no case of PUNLMP in our study.Conclusions: It can be concluded that majority of the patient undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor are diagnosed with high grade papillary carcinoma.
Assessment of proportion and prescribing trends of coronary artery diseases in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala: a prospective observational study
Authors: V. S. Sreelekshmi , Sebastian Philip John , C. Shamna , Babu Neenu , R. Nithin Manohar
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the proportion of types of coronary artery diseases and to analyze the trends of drug prescribing in coronary artery disease (CAD) by checking the compliance with the standard guidelines provided by the American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Cardiology for a period of 6 months. A total of 94 patients with varied categories of CAD were screened and analyzed. Study related data was collected from case records and by a structured interview. Data analysis was done by analyzing the prescribing trends of drug and assessing the proportion of CAD.Results: The current study found that most of the patients were of the age group of 61-70 years. The proportion of Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was remarkably higher in patients with CAD (55.3%) followed by ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) (39.4%) and Unstable angina (5.3%). Chi square test shows that prescription of Antiplatelets were apparent in all the prescriptions (100%), followed by Statins (Atorvastatin 98.9%), Antihypertensives (94.7%), Anticoagulants (90.4%), Nitrates (76.6%), Antidiabetics (75.5%) and Potassium channel opener (Nicorandil 36.2%). By analyzing the prescription, it was observed that most of the drugs were prescribed rationally according to the standard treatment guidelines (ACCF/AHA).Conclusions: This study provides an overall insight of proportion of CAD and prescribing pattern in patients with CAD which reveals the rational prescribing of drugs in accordance with the standard guidelines.
Barriers in utilization of maternal and child health services among Musahar in Dudhauli Municipality of Sindhuli district, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Laxmi , Subedi Jwala
Published: December 2020

Background: Maternal and Child Health remains a public health challenge in Nepal. This study explored information regarding barriers in the utilization of Maternal and Child Health services among women of Musahar community.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dudhauli Municipality, Sindhuli using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were obtained from, In Depth Interview among health workers and a Focus Group Discussion among FCHVs of Musahar community. Interview was carried out using questionnaire for quantitative study among 121 mothers of under 5 children. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Chi Square test was applied to test the associations while p value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The average age and age at marriage of respondents were 24.6±5.7 years and 16.22±2.8 respectively, 76% were illiterate, 93.2% lies below poverty line and 73.6% were home maker. Among them, 29.8 did not have ANC while 47.1 had 4 or more ANC visits, 64.5% institutional delivery and 29.8% PNC visit. Social barriers and lack of information are major barriers contributing to more than half of no ANC visit and which contribute to >60% in case of PNC. Home delivery for first child was 56.2% while for last child was 33.9%. Almost 1/5th of the children were not vaccinated. Qualitative study identified social factors like negligence, family pressure, shyness, and unhealthy financial decisions as important barriers.Conclusions: Utilization of maternal and child health services was poor among Musahar mothers and children which indicates a serious public health concern.
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children in Myanmar: the result of 14 years after the implementation of deworming
Authors: Oo Soe Min , Tun Aung , Htoon Thi Thi , Kyaw Phyo Phyo , Htut Win Lae , Lin Maung Maung
Published: December 2020

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections were the most common infections among school-aged children (SAC) in Myanmar. The routine school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with twice a year frequency has started in 2005.Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of STH infection among SAC as the follow-up study after 14 years of MDA. In August 2019, 1000 school-aged children attending Grades 4 and 5 from four geographical regions across the country were enrolled using a multi-stage sample random sampling. The anthropometry and hemoglobin concentration was measured, and stool specimens were detected parasite eggs using the Kato Katz technique.Results: The intensity of infection was classified according to WHO criteria. Infection prevalence was 17% for any STH infections, 10.4% for A. lumbricoides, 17% for T. trichiura, and 2% for the hookworm. All STH infections were virtually not detected in the hilly region. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection were seen in the coastal region. The hookworm was seen only in the plain region. The underweight prevalence was 9% and anemia prevalence was 38% while there were huge differences across regions. The finding showed that STH infections continued to be endemic among SAC throughout the country except for the hilly region after 14 years of MDA.Conclusions: The regular deworming program should be reduced to once a year frequency in Myanmar. Triple-dose regimens should be considered to eliminate the whipworms. The burden of anemia among SAC should also be addressed in cooperation with MDA.
Management of COVID-19 waste in a health facility in Ghana
Authors: Senam Tengey , Rockson Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 which has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) has affected most countries in the world including Ghana. The first positive case of the disease was confirmed in Ghana on 12th March, 2020 and since then, its number has increased to over 566 as at the end of the study period. The aim of the study was to assess how one of the health facilities manages waste materials generated from COVID-19 patients.Methods: The study lasted for four weeks within which various interviews, independent observations, waste measurements and data analysis with Microsoft Excel were made. A purposive sampling technique was used to select one health facility for this study.Results: The facility allocated 36 beds for the COVID-19 patients. A total of 178.80 kg of infectious waste was generated within the four weeks. Waste from the isolation units were placed in bins lined with red bags and plastic sharps containers. The hazardous waste from the facility is finally collected and transported by a private waste medical waste management company for safe treatment and disposal.Conclusions: The study concluded that, the health facility practiced proper infection prevention and control (IPC) practices at the COVID-19 isolation centre. The study recommends that, awareness should be created for hazardous waste in general through training and advocacy. More centralized medical waste treatment facilities should be established in other parts of the country and there should also be strict enforcement of policies and regulations on healthcare waste management.
Awareness of harmful effects on tobacco smoking among adult male smokers in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study
Authors: Udeni Chathurika , Ariyadasa Ashani N. , Sathkoralage Anjali N. , Wimaladasa Imasha T. P. , Fernando Hiranya N. , Galgamuwa Lahiru S. , Herath Prasanna , Kumarasinghe Nishantha
Published: December 2020

Background: Smoking of tobacco products is the second major cause of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of the harmful effects on tobacco smoking among adult male smokers and their spouses in Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adult male smokers in Gampaha district was recruited. An interviewer administered questionnaire inquired participants' awareness about diseases caused by smoking.Results: Majority of participants (95.3%) were aware of the adverse effects of tobacco consumption on health. A total of 93.4% had knowledge that smoking is harmful to others. Majority of male smokers were aware of adverse effects on respiratory, cardiac and circulatory systems. However, the awareness of the association between impotence, infertility, birth defects and premature births with smoking is low in smokers.Conclusions: Majority of smokers have sufficient knowledge of harmful effects on health from smoking. Community awareness programs of adverse effects must be held targeting all the population including school children. Anti-smoking campaigns must be initiated in a broad manner, specially targeting the smoking population.
Factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients of Imenti North sub county, Kenya
Authors: Mwenda Annarita Kajuju , Kirigia Consolata , K. Kamweru P. , Gitonga Lucy K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension is raising hence a burden to low resource countries like Kenya. Purpose of the study was to determine factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients in Imenti North sub county, Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study design and cluster random sampling method was used to select five health facilities for study. Purposive sampling was used to select total of 212 patients from selected health facility proportionally. Spearman’s Rho correlation and bivariate logistic regression was used to check for strength of associations.Results: Patients interviewed had an average of 51 years and higher proportions were above 40 years of age. Married and female patients were (66.5%), and 60% respectively. An average of (42%) had a secondary level of education. Knowledge on lifestyle modification strategies was above average (68%).Conclusions: Health education given during hypertensive clinics had positive influence. Slow service delivery, long queues and the long waiting times for laboratory investigation results influenced patients’ health seeking behavior negatively. The study recommends the government of Kenya to develop policies on implementation of support groups among hypertensive patients in all hospitals and intensify campaigns on importance of seeking medical attention early.  This will empower the patients on knowledge of hypertension management. The study also recommends health care providers to ensure reduced waiting time for the patients.