bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Administration of Zinc and Ginseng on Reproductive Performance and Level of Some Hormones of Local Ewes
Authors: Dakheel H A , Asker A S
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted to estimate the effect of administration of zinc and different levels of ginseng on progesterone, estrogen hormones, and reproductive parameters in sheep. This study used twenty-five local Iraqi ewes with body weights ranging from 35 to 40 kg and ages ranging from 2–4 years. The animals were divided randomly into five equal groups (five animals per group). The first group (T1) was treated with oral capsules of ginseng containing 250 mg. The second group (T2) received an oral capsule containing 500 mg of ginseng. The third (T3) group was given an oral capsule containing 750 mg of ginseng. The 4th group (T4) was treated with an oral solution of zinc acetate at a concentration of 6.4 mg/L. The 5th group (T5) was a control group. The results of this study showed that progesterone and estrogen levels showed no significant differences between the control and treated groups during the study periods. All of the ewes (25 ewes) gave birth; 19 (76%) of the 25 ewes gave birth to a single animal, while 6 (24%) were delivered as twins. There was a significant difference in lambing and twining rates between the groups. It was concluded that zinc acetate and ginseng had a positive effect on reproductive performance in local Iraqi ewes.
Impact of Adding Chitosan and Probiotic to Broiler Dietary on Productive Performance
Authors: Hassan A O , Al- Jabari Q H A , Mustafa N A
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at animal production farms at Kosar Agricultural Research Company in Arbil from July 20, 2022, to August 24, 2022 (35 days). This study aims to examine the impact of adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers on their productive performance. A total of 144 unsexed broiler chicks from Ross 308 were used in this study. The chicks were of average weight (43 g) at one-day old. These chicks were divided into six treatments with three replicates (8 per treatment). The first treatment was without any addition (control treatment); the second treatment was adding 1 g/kg of probiotic; the third treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan; the fourth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan; the fifth treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic; and the sixth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic. The foundation of this study was that there was a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the live body weight for T5, and a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the average of weight gain for T1. The average feed consumption for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05), and the average FCR for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05). According to the findings of this study, adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers improved their productivity.
Effect of Different Levels of Copper and Copper Nanoparticles with or without Vitamin E and Vitamin C on the Growth Parameters of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Hamid H M , Mutar H A
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar (Postgraduate Laboratory) for a period of 120 days, the 182 fish were distributed to the (26) experimental pounds, at a rate of 7 fish / pond, and the feeding rate was (3%) of the body weight They were divided into three meals, and the addition of copper sulfate and nano copper with and without vitamin (C, E) in the diets and the concentration of the additives was expressed by mg−1/ kg and concentration of vit E150 and C 300 was as follows :- (T1 control) diet without additives, (T2) diet +5mg CuNps, (T3) diet + 5mg CuNps + vitamin E, (T4) diet +5 mg CuNps + vitamin C (T5) diet + 100 mg CuNps (T6) diet + 100 mg CuNps + vitamin E,(T7) diet + 100 mg CuNps + vitamin C, (T8) diet +5 mg CuSo4, (T9) diet +5 mg CuSo4 + vitamin E (T10) diet +5 mg CuSo4 + vitamin C (T11) diet + 100 mg CuSo4 (T12) diet + 100 mg CuSo4+ vitamin E (T13) diet + 100 mg CuSo4 + Vitamin C, . The mean of initial body weight was (28.63 ± 3gm) and the mean of the bio mass was (200.41 gm). The (fourth) treatment, followed by the (tenth) treatment, was significantly superior (P≤0.001). The (fifth) treatment, followed by the (eleventh) treatment, decreased significantly with regard to (WG), (DWG), (SGR), (RGR), and (FER). As for the (FCR), the (fifth)treatment was significantly superior (P≤0.001), and the fourth treatment was significantly lower than the rest of the treatments and control.
Relationship Study Between Total Length with Otolith Length and Thickness in Two Fish Species: Coptodon zillii (Gervais,1848) and Cyprinus carpio” (Linnaeus,1758)
Authors: Ghazwan M I
Published: December 2023

This study aimed new indications that may clarify the relationships between the total and standard lengths, and the length of the otolith, as well as the thickness and weight of these bones compared to the body weights of two different species of invasive fish in the Iraqi aquatic environment, the common carp Cyprinus carpio of the Cyprinidae family, and the common Tilapia. Coptodon zillii, from the Cichlidae family. The results showed that the otolith were not related to some of the vital characteristics of the studied fish, and there were differences in the correlation coefficient between some vital measurements with high significant degrees at levels (0.01) and (0.05), when comparing the otolith from the two sides of the head from the right. While the rest is for one individual and between individuals of the two different species.
Effect of Dietary Fumaric Acid on Growth Performance and some Biochemical Parameters in Broiler
Authors: Allaw A A , Hatem Q Z , Kamil Y M
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research work is evaluate effect of supplementation different levels of fumaric acid at two different times on productive performance and several serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 360 (day-old) chicks were used for 35 days. Chicks were randomly distributed among five treatments, each treatment included three replicates (24 chicks /replicate). Experimental treatments included fumaric acid 0, 1, 1.5 g / kg feed, which was presented to the birds in two stages, the first at the age of 10 days, the second at the age of 20 days in the diet. The results showed that the treatments added to fumaric recorded a significant increase in body weight, weight gain, and the amount of feed ingested. And there were no significant differences in the feed conversion factor, and the biochemical parameters showed that fumaric intake reduces glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of birds. It did not show an effect of the time of addition.
Individual and Combining Effect of Adding Astaxanthin and Magnolol Compared to Vitamin E to the Diet on Productive Performance and some Indicators of Oxidative Stress and Liver Enzymes in Laying Hens Serum
Authors: Th Ahmed M , Nafea H H
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study is to know the Individual and synergistic effect of adding astaxanthin and magnolol compared to vitamin E on productive performance and some indicators of oxidative stress and liver enzymes in the blood serum of laying hens type Lohman Brown, the experiment continued for five periods (28 days, period−1) from 3/20/2022 to 8/7/2022 (20 weeks), in which 120 laying hens of 52 weeks of age were used, distributed randomly to eight experimental treatments, with five replicates for one treatment and three chickens for one replicate, the treatments included: the first treatment (control treatment) basal diet without addition, the second treatment adding vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed, the third and fourth treatments adding astaxanthin 200 and 400 mg/kg feed sequentially, the fifth and sixth treatments adding magnolol 200 and 400 mg/kg of feed sequentially and the seventh and eighth treatments added a mixture of astaxanthin 100 mg/kg of feed + magnolol 100 mg/kg of feed and 200 mg/kg of feed + magnolol 200 mg/kg of feed sequentially to the diet. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the different experimental treatments in the percentage of cumulative egg production (140 days). We conclude from the study that the addition of natural antioxidants to the diet leads to an improvement in productive performance and some Indicators of oxidative stress in the serum of aged laying hens that were reared during temperate and hot times in Iraqi climates.
Effect of Adding Dry Leaves of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) To the Diet on Some Biochemical Tests of Blood in Broiler (Ross 308)
Authors: Al-Azzami A A , Mohammed Th T
Published: December 2023

The experiment aimed to improve the physiological characteristics of (ROSS 308) broiler chickens by using lemongrass as a natural antioxidant and vitamin E as a synthetic antioxidant, The experiment included four treatments in each treatment 36 chicks distributed over three replications randomly (12 chicks / replicate), the chicks were distributed to the treatments randomly in the experiment: the first treatment: T1: control and it was without any addition to the diet, the second treatment T2: the diet contained On 300 mg of vitamin E per kg of feed, as for the third and fourth treatment, powder of 5 g / kg of feed and 10 g / kg of feed of lemongrass were added, respectively. The experiment included studying Biochemical tests of blood. The results of the study showed that the addition of lemongrass was significantly superior (P≤0.05) in the blood plasma proteins of broiler chickens. It also improved the results of the lipidprofile test in broiler. The results also showed that the addition of different levels of lemongrass and vitamin E to the diet reduced the activity of liver enzymes. (AST, ALT) of broiler compared with the control treatment of the experiment.
The Effect of (Laccases, Lignin Peroxidases, Manganese Peroxidases Enzymes) on the Chemical Composition of Rough Fodder
Authors: Khaldoun Y , Al-Samaraae W H , Abboud A H
Published: December 2023

The results of the effect of the type of feed showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) for palm fronds DM during the incubation period of 7, 14, 21 days, a high Mnp superiority in its incubation 14 days, and a significant superiority of Laccase in its incubation 21 days, while the effect of the enzyme concentration on DM was higher Significant at a concentration of 10% of the enzyme, and the interaction between the type of feed and the enzyme together showed a highly significant increase in the treated palm fronds Laccase and Lip in the incubation period of 7 days, and the treated palm fronds Mnp during incubation 14 days. %, 15% for the interaction between the type of coarse feed and the concentration of the enzyme on DM. The results showed a highly significant (P≤0.01) OM Lip increase during the 7-day incubation period, Mnp during the 14-day incubation period, and Laccase and Lip at the 21-day incubation period. The CP increased in palm fronds compared to yellow corn, and the results indicated a highly significant increase in the treatment Laccase and Mnp during the incubation period of 14 and 21 days.
Detection of MC4R Gene Genotypes and A Relationship SNP13 to Productive and Reproductive Performance in Iraqi Local Goats and Shami Goats
Authors: Al-jburi A A M , Senkal R H
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted at the Ruminant Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture, for the period from 1/12/2021 - 30/10/2022, the current study revealed the relationship between the genotypes of the MC4R gene and its relationship with the productive and reproductive traits in goats. Using 50 goats under the same breeding conditions (25 Syrian goats and 25 Iraqi goats). The results showed that the 13SNP mutation in the MC4R gene in the mothers of Shami goats showed a significant relationship, where the genotype GA was significantly (P≤0.05) superior to the genotype GG in this strain for the characteristic of the daily milk production rate (kg), as well as for the characteristic of the length of the peak of production (day), as well as the characteristic of the percentage of protein in milk (%), and the characteristic of the weight gain of the mother between birth and weaning, with an average of (541.07, 426.76), (43.01, 34.17), (3.16, 3.01), respectively. Conclusion it is the Mutations in genetic and environmental factors play an essential role in livestock animals in terms of productive and economic traits. Thus, the effects of mutations in the MC4R gene were found to have an impact on some productive and reproductive traits in goats.
Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Method on the Kidneys, Liver and Brain of Male Mice
Authors: Al Alalaq M A , Al–Hadedee L T , Alrubeii A M S
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the histological changes of the vital organs of male mice. The iron oxide nanomaterials were prepared by chemical method; several doses of it were used at different concentrations, which are 12, 10, 8, 6%. The dose is administered to the mice orally every 48 hours for a period of 60 days. The mice were divided into 6 groups in addition to the control group during the mentioned period; weights were taken for all groups throughout the experiment period. After the completion of the experimental period, the mice of all the mentioned groups were killed. The results of the histological examination with the first and second concentrations did not show any toxic effects or changes in the functional structures of the mentioned organs. while slight changes appeared in the high concentrations of nanoparticles, as it was found that there was some blood congestion and inflammation in the kidneys. There is also congestion in parts of the liver with enlargement in some cells, as well as congestion in the brain, at concentrations of 12.10%. While no structural changes appeared in the first and second concentrations, also in the control group, no changes appeared in the functional structure of the above members. From the results of the study, we conclude that the use of high concentrations of nanoparticles of iron oxide may lead to changes in the functional structures of the kidneys, liver and brain, and may lead to toxic effects on the rest of the body.
The Effect of Different Levels of Wild Reeds (Saccharum spontaneum) with Concentrated Fodder on the Productive Performance of Local Iraqi Lambs
Authors: Alsamaraie A A , Noaman Abdullah I , Gh Al-Abbasy E
Published: December 2023

This experiment determined the best ratio of fortified and unsupported dried reed with urea in a concentrated feed mixture to maximize production and minimize cost. About 24 Iraqi lambs (17.27 ± 0.54) aged 3-4 months were used in this study, which lasted for 90 days in the farms of the Production Department of the College of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit from 9/19/2022 to 12/17/2022. Lambs were fed at 3% of body weight on diets of different content of wild reeds fortified and unfortified with urea mixed in the form of 8 mm pellets with concentrated fodder (black barley, wheat bran, yellow corn) and Which was divided into six treatments, the first three were without urea in the following ratios: 60 reeds:40 concentrate, 40 reeds: 60 concentrate and 50 reeds:50 concentrate. As for the second three treatments, they contained the same proportions as the first three treatments with 3% urea from the weight of roughage feed. There was a significant (p≤0.05) superiority in the average daily weight gain for the third and sixth treatments (147 and 143) gm/head/day, respectively. We conclude from the results of the experiment that providing a diet consisting of concentrated fodder and rough fodder from wild reeds in a ratio of 50:50 gives very good results in growth characteristics and feed conversion efficiency at a lower economic cost per kilogram produced.
Use of Azolla Plant in Broiler Diets and its Effect on Productive Performance
Authors: Al-Hamed A M , Al-Husseiny N A
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the poultry farm, the Department of the Animal Production / University of Mosul. The aim was to partially replace Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens as a nutritional management method to include it as an available local feed ingredient and to study its effect on productive traits, economic implications and carcass traits. The duration of experiment lasted 42 days, and the experiment included four treatments by adding different percentages of dried Azolla with three replicates for each treatment: T1 (control): a diet free of Azolla T2: a diet containing dried Azolla at a rate of 4.5%. T3: a diet containing dried Azolla at a rate of 9%. T4: a diet containing 13.5% of dried Azolla. The results of the statistical analysis were: There were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the treatments of Azolla added to the diet compared with the control in the average live body weight, weight gain, relative growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion coefficient, and increase in the value of economic indicators, coefficient, production index and productivity yield kg/ m2 With a significant decrease in the percentage of total mortality for a period of five and six weeks.
Use of Aqueous Extract of Matcha Tea as an Antioxidant in Poultry Meat Storage
Authors: Alheeti M Y Y , Al-Jugifi W I , Alhadithi H J M
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of matcha tea on the oxidation of fats, and some traits of poultry breast meat kept in cool storage. The study included six treatments: T1 control, T2 distilled water, T3 matcha tea 0.5%, T4 macha tea 1.0%, T5 macha tea 1.5% and T6 industrial antioxidant BHA. Pieces (2 × 3 cm) of the breasts were fleshed with the aforementioned solutions and stored by refrigeration, and some physiochemical, and chemical tests were conducted every 3 days. The results of GC-MS examination of the aqueous extract of matcha tea showed the presence of some active compounds in large amounts, and caffeine represented 81.78% of them. The results of pH values and water holding capacity showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in submerged breast meat cuttings in aqueous extract of matcha tea at concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) with a clear superiority for treatment T4 (1%) in the pH values and water holding capacity, as compared with the control sample. Treatments with aqueous extract of macha tea (T3, T4, T5) showed significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in the oxidation indicators, and a superiority in TBA and peroxide values were observed for treatment T4 upon all treatments except the industrial antioxidant (T6), as well as the values of free fatty acids which were decreased. Values of volatile nitrogen in the cold stored chicken breast meat showed that the values of T4 treatment were the closest to the results of the industrial antioxidant treatment.
The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Crud Protein During Different Age Stages on the Productive Performance of ROSS 308
Authors: Ismael A A , Saed Z J M
Published: December 2023

An experiment at the poultry Field-Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture / University of Anbar, to know the effect of dietary protein levels during different age periods on productive performance of broiler chicks. The experimental treatments included: T1: The control treatment with standard protein levels (22, 20 and 18%) for the starter, grower and finisher respectively, T2: raising the crude protein level to 24% for the first week of the starter stage to continue after that with a standard protein level until the fifth week to reduce then to 16% protein in the last week of the finishing stage, T3: The crude protein level was raised to 26% for the first week of the starter stage, to continue after that at with a standard protein level until the fifth week, to then be reduced to 14% protein in the last week of the finishing stage,T4: It started with a controlled level of crude protein, and in the first week of the growing stage, the protein level was raised to 24%, to continue after that at a standard protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 16% and T5: It began with a control level for crude protein and in the first week of the stage growing The protein level was raised to 26%, to continue after that at a record protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 14%. The results showed that the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) and achieved the highest results of body weight in the first and second weeks.
Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare
Authors: Jebur S F , Abdulateef S M
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to tame the ferocious local chickens and calm them down by changing the behavioral or genetic factors and improving the blood traits that are reflected in the level of welfare. 144 one-day-old chicks were used from local chickens White and (36) broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into six treatments with four replicates for each treatment (24 chicks for treatment, 6 chicks for replicates) as follows: T1 was a control treatment consisting of 24 local chicks, T2 welfare treatment consisting of 24 local chicks,T3 consisted of 25% broilers + 75% local chicks, T4 consisted of 50% broilers + 50% local chicks, and T5 consisted of From 75% broiler chickens + 25% local chicks, and T6 siRNA consisting of 24 local chicks White, was using silencing of the corticosterone hormone pathway to the (CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 genes) by injected in the jugular vein at the age of 16 and 18 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), and White Blood Cells (BWC).and significant improvement (P≤0.05) in Platelets for T6 compared with other treatments, a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of heterophil /lymphocytes for T6 compared to other treatments. That there is an effect of the critical period and gene silencing on blood traits that have a final effect on the level of welfare chickens.
Relationship between Body Condition Score, Reproductive Indicators, and Leptin and Erythropoietin Hormone Levels in Iraqi Awassi Ewes
Authors: Abd-Alhusain D A , Mohammed T R , Al-Anbari N N
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted using 35 Awassi ewes with an average body weight 52±2.5 kg. The females were divided into three groups according to the body condition score 3 (overweight, medium, lean) represented by groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The medium was the highest percentage, as it reached 71.42% of the total number of animals. This percentage was in accordance with a high pregnancy rate compared to lean and overweight animals, as the pregnancy rate reached ewes from the examination. The first and second examinations were 64% and 24% respectively. The concentration of leptin and erythropoietin were measured in ewes before, during and after applying the vaginal sponges. Barrenness rate had (100%, 24.13% and 100%) in group 1,2 and 3 respectively. The results were high in leptin hormone in the Body Condition Score (BCS) group. 2, especially after withdrawing the vaginal sponges. While there was no significant increase (P>0.05) in erythropoietin hormone before and during applying vaginal sponges. Body Condition Score (BCS 2) ewes had a higher conception rate than Body Condition Score (BCS) 1 and 3 ewes. Leptin and progesterone both play important roles in the regulation of sheep body weight, with higher levels of progesterone resulting in higher levels of leptin.
Using the Principal Component Analysis of Body Weight in Three Genetic Groups of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Hadeedy I Y , Ameen Q A , Shaker A S , Mohamed A H , Taha M W , Hussein S M
Published: December 2023

The total number of (189) three genetic quail chicks (White = 54, brown = 64, and gray = 71) were used to identify the components effecting body weight Using the principal component analysis. Means, standard errors, and standard deviation of body weight and the cuts parts were calculated using the descriptive statistic of SPSS/PASW statistics for Windows version 19. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the effect of genetic line on the traits. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the highest Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for three lines of Japanese quail recorded to the brown quail, and also brown quail given higher and significant superiority of most parts of carcass and internal viscera which included weights of chest (g), thigh (g), back (g), neck (g), and wing (g) compared with white and grey quails. The first principal component (PC1), second (PC2) and three (PC3) were higher from white quail with Eigen values compared with brown and grey quails. Higher percentage of carcass component for white quail recorded to wings while for brown and grey quail recorded to chest part. We concluded from this study that the three principal components that extracted from White, Brown and Grey can be used for genetic improvement body weight, and also to predicting the best carcass parts weight while we can be used brown Japanese quail as a broiler due to its high carcass parts weight compared white and gray Japanese quail.
The Effect Different Levels of Protein, with Two Sources of the Synthetic and Herbal for Methionine and Lysine and Synethetic Threonine on Serum Biochemical Parameters Egg Quality Traits and Chemical Composition of the Eggs
Authors: Zangana N A Q , Al-Neemi M I
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine effect of various levels of protein, with two formulations and herbal sources of methionine and lysine. and synthetic threonine on serum biochemical properties, egg quality traits and egg chemical composition of 160 45-week-old Lyman Brown hens. It was randomly distributed to 8 treatments with five replications in (cages in the battery system), each repetition containing four birds, and the food treatments were, T1: basal diet (control) that contained 16.32% Cruz Protein (CP) with Synthetic 0.41% Methionine (S. T3: Basic Diet (16.18% CP) with (0.42% S.Mthionine), (0.05% Herbal Lysine: HL) and (0.106% S.Therionine) T4: Basic diet (16.18% CP) with (0.42% H.methionine), (0.05% lysine) and (0.106% threonine), T5: Basic diet (15.45% CP) with (o.42% S.methionine), 0.12% S.Lysine) and (0.116% S. threonine) T6: basic diet (15.46% CP) with (0.42% H.methionine), (0.045% H.Lysine and S. threonine), T7: diet Basal Diet (15.12% C.P) with (0.148% S.methionine, (0.150% S.lysine) and (0.130% S.thrionine), T8: Basal Diet (15.12% CP) with (0.148% H.methionine), (0.150% H.lysine) and (0.130% S.thrionine). The results of the statistical analysis in this experiment showed that there were no significant differences in the rate of egg production, the rate of egg mass, and the feed conversion coefficient, while significant differences were found in the rate of egg weight, the rate of feed consumption, and the rate of conversion of each of Protein, methionine, lysine and threonine.
Adding Sodium Citrate in Water and Effect in Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens Reared Under High-Density Condition
Authors: Al-Tememy A T D , Al-obaidy A H , Wasman P H
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted on animal production farm in Collage Agriculture - University of Diyala from 1/10 to 4/11/2022 aimed to study the effect of sodium citrate as an anti-stress factor on the physiological performance of ROSS 308 broiler chickens reared under high densities condition. 405 one day unsexed hatched chicks will be distributed into 9 treatments T1 control treatment 12 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T2: 15 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T3: 18 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T4, T5 and T6 12, 15 and 18 birds / m2 with 1.5 mg / L of sodium citrate drinking water while T7, T8 and T9 was 12, 15 and 18 birds / m2 with 3 mg/ L of sodium citrate drinking water. The statistical analysis revealed that raising broilers at high densities (15 and 18 birds/m2) caused physiological stress in the birds by increasing the concentrations of glucose, uric acid, AST and ALT enzymes in the blood serum while decreasing the concentrations of protein and cholesterol, while there are no significant differences between T1, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 and that indicates the role of sodium citrate in reducing high-density stress.
Synergetic Role of Energy and Oat with Enzymes on Physiological Performance of Broiler
Authors: Ali U H , Mousa B H
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in poultry fields at College of Agriculture / University of Anbar’s Animal Production Department from 2/9/2022 to 14/10/2022 (42 days). This study examined the physiological effects of high energy and oats on grill performance. Three hundred one-day-old (unsexed) chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design to ten treatments with three replicates (10 chicks per replicate). All diets were designed to meet the same requirements. Broilers received water and feed ad libitum. Treatments were as follows: T1 birds fed diets for three phases (starter, grower, and finisher) without any addition, T2 birds fed diet (starter 3100 Kcal /kg feed) + 5% oat + 0.01 mg multienzyme, T3 birds fed diet (starter 3000 Kcal/kg feed) + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, T4 birds fed starter 2900 Kcal/kg feed + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, T5 birds fed diet (grower 3200 Kcal/kg feed) + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, and T6 birds fed diet The 5% oat hull groups had higher small intestine villus height and CD than the control group (p < 0.05). T6 group glucose is higher than control group glucose. T10 group and control group total protein differ significantly (P>0.05). The control group’s albumin, MDA, and GPT levels are not significantly different from the other groups. Dietary oat hull increased Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity in T6 compared to control group, but control group had higher ALP activity.
Study of chemical, physical stabilites, and sensory properties of sorghum-adlay-based milk
Authors: Sanjaya S , Romulo A
Published: December 2023

Plant-based beverages made from various plant sources have been regarded as a good replacement for animal-based milk, especially for people with health limitations and customary food practices such as vegans and vegetarians. The development of alternative beverages made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) was limited in Indonesia, despite the grains have been reported to contain good nutrients and health-benefiting compounds. Therefore, the aim of the research was to create plant-based beverages made from sorghum and adlay and evaluate their nutritional value, physical stability, and consumer acceptance. There were five formulas tested in this research, namely formula 1 (100% sorghum, 0% adlay), formula 2 (90% sorghum, 10% adlay), formula 3 (80% sorghum, 20% adlay), formula 4 (70% sorghum, 30% adlay), and formula 5 (60% sorghum, 40% adlay). The results showed that the addition of adlay to the formulation of a sorghum-adlay-based beverage significantly increased the carbohydrate content from 1.24% to 2.71%, tended to increase the protein content from 0.27% to 0.33%, decreased moisture content from 98.47% to 96.91%, and decreased sodium and potassium significantly. The higher concentration of adlay in the product significantly reduced the physical stability of the product and decreased its sensory acceptance. Based on sensory analysis, formula 3 was chosen as the most acceptable sorghum-adlay-based milk with a score of 4.9. The data obtained give brief information on the development of sorghum-adlay-based milk.
Effect of some Medical Plant Extracts and Chemicals on Hormones of Female Rats
Authors: Al-Ameen M L K , Al-Azzawi F F H , Fadhil N J
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out on 45 sexually mature female albino rats at the age of 7-8 weeks and weighing 160-180 ± 10 gm., nine treatments were used in this study, where five rats were isolated for control treatment (without infection). The remaining rats were injected (Subcutaneous) with Indian-made Alloxan, which was prepared at the time of injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extracts of medical plants (Curcumin, Origanum majorana, and Vitex aguns-castus) at 50-100 mg/kg body weight and chemotherapy (metformin at 50 mg/kg body weight) on hormones. The results showed a significant increase in LH hormone in the T3, T4, T5, T7, and T9 treatments compared with the T2 treatment. A significant increase in FSH was observed in T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T9 treatments compared with T2 treatment. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant increase in progesterone in the T3, T5, T7, and T9 treatments compared with the T2 treatment. While T3, T5, and T9 treatments were significantly superior to T2, T4, T6, T7, and T8 treatments in terms of estrogen hormone. While a significant increase in cortisol was observed in the T2 treatment compared with the rest of the treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Curcumin, Origanum majorana and Vitex aguns-castus leaves on the sex hormones of female rats. The results have shown that the aqueous extracts have a positive effect on hormones in female rats.
Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus Faecium from Locally (Mukra) and Study some of their Morphological and Biochemical Properties
Authors: Khaleel N T , Yaseen A A , Hasan A N
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to isolate Enterococcus faecium from pickled turnip and red beet, locally known Mukra and study some of phenotypic characteristics and its ability to antagonism against some pathogenic bacteria. The isolate was selected depending on the shape of the colony growing in MRS-Agar, as it formed smooth, convex, and translucent domed white or creamy colonies. The microscopic characteristics of the bacteria were tested, as they were double spherical or with short chains, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Biochemical tests showed that the isolate is negative for catalase, amylase and gelatinase, does not consume citrate, does not form ammonia from arginine, does not reduce nitrates, and does not produce indole from tryptophan. While the sugars fermentation tests showed the ability of the isolate to ferment Raffinose, Glucose, Sucrose, Xylose, Arabinose, Lactose, Melebose, Trehalose, Rhamnose, Lactose, Cellobiose, Maltose, and the ability to produce gas from the fermentation of Xylose, Raffinose, Glucose. The PCR results showed that the isolate belongs to Enterococcus faecium-K189-3. The isolate showed the ability to inhibit some types of pathogenic bacteria.
Fatty Acids Profile of Olive Oil in Response to Nutrient-Based Organic Fertilizer of Olive Tree
Authors: Kattmah G M , Alali Y M , Okla B
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted in season 2022 in a private farm planted with olive tree var. “Nabali”, in Al-Muqailibah – Damascus countryside, in order to evaluate the impact of certified organic fertilizer named “Chap Liquid” in the oil composition of fatty acids. The orchard is divided in to six experimental plots, in the first four one’s trees received the certified organic fertilizer, at two concentrations 1/50 and 1/100, as a ground fertilizer and foliar application for each rate, as well as two treatments of cow manure and chemical fertilizer. Fatty acids composition in olive oil samples were estimated in the Food Technology Laboratory at Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.The results showed that the oil of studied olive variety was affected positively by using certified organic fertilizer, increasing concentration of fertilizer significantly improve the saturated fatty acids contents, however, this was accompanied by a decrease of Oleic acid proportion, so the concentration of 1/100 was the best as the oleic acid was significantly increased in this rate.No significant differences were observed between the method applications of liquid fertilizer on the fatty acids profile. It is very important to benefit from these results in finding alternatives to chemical fertilizers in olive groves, as well as providing the trees nutrients during conversion to produce organic olive oil, especially since it tops the desired products for consumption in foreign markets.
Study of the Use of Banana Peels Powder in Removing some Heavy Metals
Authors: Sedrah Z T , Alshamary E I
Published: December 2023

The ability of banana peel powder to remove lead, copper, and nickel was studied, and it was found that treating the peel powder with HCl acid increased the efficiency of the adsorption process for banana peel powder treated with acid at a concentration of 10%, as the removal percentage reached 45%, 30% and 25% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. As for the untreated banana peel powder, the removal percentage was 32%, 21%, and 18%. As for the treatment of banana peel powder with the base as NaOH at a concentration of 10%, it reached 20%, 15%, and 12% for each lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. When banana peel powder was treated with 40% acid, the removal percentage was 68%, 53%, and 44% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. The percentage of metal removal increased with increasing pH from 2 to 4, as the percentage of removing at pH 2 reached 41%, 29%, and 25%, and at pH 3 reached 65%, 40%, and 33% to reach the best removal rates at pH 4, which reached 75, 55 and 58% for lead, copper, and nickel respectively. The rates of metal removal then decreased with increasing pH, as the removal rate at pH 5 reached 69%, 46%, and 47%, at pH 6 reached 67%, 50%, and 45%, and at pH 7 reached 40%, 39% and 37% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively.
The Effect of Dosing with Lemon Juice on the Renal Tissue of Laboratory Rats with Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis/ Nephrolithiasis) Experimentally
Authors: Abd N M , Saeed S K
Published: December 2023

Kidney stones and renal tissue damage are common diseases that are affected by many causes, including nutritional causes. There have been many ways to treat kidney disease and ways to prevent it through appropriate diets. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of lemon juice in preventing kidney disease in laboratory rats. As 15 animals were distributed in three groups, the first was considered a control group that was dosed with distilled water and the other group was dosed with ethylene glycol as a cause of kidney injury, while lemon juice was used to treat the latter. It was found through the histological sections of the kidneys that the lemon extract helped to preserve the kidneys of the animals, as the glomeruli appeared regularly with the integrity of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. It was found that the rates of damage to the renal glomeruli in the group treated with lemon did not differ significantly from the animals that were not exposed to infection (the control group). And the damage rate is about 22%. The percentage of damage to the glomeruli in the histological sections of animals that were dosed with the causative agent of stone formation (ethylene glycol) and not treated was about 75%, as the results of histological cutting indicated that they contained atrophy in the renal glomeruli with dissection of Bowman’s capsule and hemorrhage on the surface with calcium crystals deposits.
Effect of a Partially Purified Actinidin Enzyme from Kiwi Fruit on the Chemical Properties of Aged Chicken Meat
Authors: Mohamed Y Y , Ahmed M M
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the actinidin enzyme which is partially purified from kiwi fruit, on the chemical properties of aged chicken meat. Thirty-five old laying hens of the Lohmann Brown breed at the age of 64 weeks, with an average weight of 1.700 kg were used. After slaughtering, skin and intestines were removed, cleaned, and breast meat was cut into small pieces. The experiment had ten treatments, one of which was the control, and nine treatments included some concentrations (0.25, 0.75, and 1.00) % of the partially purified actinidin enzyme for three incubation periods (120, 240, and 360) minutes. The obtained results showed that there was a significant decrease in the pH value at the level of probability (p≤0.05) between the treatments when the enzymatic extract of kiwi fruit was added to the aged chicken meat at three different concentrations for three incubation periods. The results also indicated a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the percentage of ash, fat and protein compared with control samples, and that the percentages of ash in samples treated with concentrations of (0.25, 0.75, and 1.00%) of actinidin enzyme for the three incubation periods (120, 240, and 360) minutes decreased compared to the control sample.
Study of the Physical and Functional Properties of Fenugreek Gum
Authors: Ayoub A A , Abdul-Rahman S M
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research was to isolate Fenugreek gum from local defatted seed powder and to investigate its physical and functional properties. The results showed that gum yield was 12.2% on dry weight basis, physical and functional properties results were the Refractive Index 1.3350, Density 1.0092 g/cm3, Degree of Rotation of the Polarized Light 23.3-, Viscosity 70.45 mpi at 25°C, Molecular Weight 8.5*105 Daltons and Optimal Wave Length 330 nm. In addition to the functional characteristics of the gum represented by oil holding capacity it gave the highest ratio with castor oil 258.7, and the water binding capacity 26.3 g / g and solubility 60.2% at 25°C. Also, FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the gum of fenugreek seed powder. Key Requirements: Fenugreek, Gum, Physical and Functional Properties.
The Effects of Spirulina Platensis on Several Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Hameed A L , Shemiss L E
Published: December 2023

Spirulina is a blue-green alga which grow in alkaline environment. It characterizes by being highly rich with divers nutrients, elements, vitamins, and pigments which are very beneficial, thus it is used as nutrition supplements and therapeutics purposes for human and animals as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on blood components, vitamin D, and lipid profile in rich fed rats. Eighteen Wistar male rats were used in this study and they were divided to three groups, each consist of six animals. The first group was control, the second and third groups were administered spirulina suspension 1gm/kg of b.w. and 1.5 gm/kg of b.w, respectively for twenty-eight constitutive days. Blood samples were collected from fasted animals at the end of experiment, 29th day, 24 hrs after the last dose of administration. Whole blood picture was used to measure blood compositions, while serum was used to measure the concentration of lipid profile and vitamin D3. Results regarding blood components shown that the high dose 1.5 g/kg of b.w. caused significant increase in RBC, HGB, MCH, and MCHC measurements comparing to the control group. Also spirulina concentration 1.5 g/kg of b.w. resulted in significant decrease in two types of lipids including TRI and VLDL comparing to control groups. The findings indicated that spirulina showed positive effects on blood contents and also improved certain lipids by shifting their concentrations. These results may attribute to spirulina contents of main nutrients, minerals, vitamins and its antioxidant compounds.
Effect of some Plants Juices and Lactoferrin on the Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Al-Jubori O S H , Alsahaf E F , Alkudsi N H
Published: December 2023

This study was planned to investigate the effects of some medicinal plant juices and Lactoferrin on pathogenic microorganisms that contaminated milk. An experiment was carried out in microbiology laboratory of Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad. Lemon, ginger and garlic juices and Lactoferrin were used at a concentration of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100 percent of each, added to petri dishes contain Escherichia coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Staphylo coccus aureus. It turns out that garlic and ginger juice have a stronger growth inhibition than lemon juice and Lactoferrin on E. coli their impact on the Proteus also showed a positive effect on the size of the zone of inhibition other than ginger, which had no effect on the growth of those organisms. Furthermore, their impact on the Salmonella, garlic juice had the same positive effect, followed by Lactoferrin. While ginger and lemon juice had effect only in high concentration. The effect of lemon juice on Staphylo aureus was greater than that of ginger and Lactoferrin, which had a positive effect only in high concentrations and increased the size of zone of inhibition by increasing concentration. It can be concluded that garlic juice has the strongest inhibition effect on all tested microorganism compared with the other juices and Lactoferrin, especially in high concentrations as the size of halo inhibition increased with the increasing juice concentration.
Geographical Study of Medicinal Plants Using GIS and GPS Tools in Some Villages, Barzan Sub-District, Mergasor Districts Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Faizy H S , Haji G Y , Saeed S M , Mala T S , Ibrahim M S , Khider M A , M S A S
Published: December 2023

A geographical study and mapping for the distribution of medicinal plants within some villages around the Mergasor district which have long used the plant for medicine are Esomara, Alka, Shanadar, and Hassani cheaye sherene Villages have been done. These villages are located in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Barzan Sub-District, Mergasor District at Erbil Province, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plants (herbs) in agroforestry in four Villages. The survey method was used by making four plots in the field. The coordinate positions of medicinal plants were recorded using a global positioning system (GPS), and their distribution was examined using a geographic information system (GIS). The results showed that there were twenty-one families, species with a total of forty -four individuals plant found. Liliaceae family was the dominant found with seven species of plants followed by Lamiaceae (species of plants) and Asteraceae (four species of plants). The information about medicinal plant species is essential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop information about the medicinal plant so as to preserve the existing species of plants and to enrich the species of medicinal plants which are not found in these Villages due to the importance of these plants in Kurdish folk medicine.
An Economic Analysis of Indicators of Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iraq (Environmental Indicators as a case study)
Authors: Kareem L H , Al-Hiyali A D K , Hamid M M
Published: December 2023

The research aimed to study the environmental indicators as one of the indicators of sustainable development in Iraq to find out the reality of the environmental situation as well as to know the strengths and weaknesses and what are the available opportunities for their advancement and to confront the threats that deepen the weaknesses in these indicators. The research concluded that the Iraqi environment suffers from the effects of these indicators, although its data indicate a decrease in its averages compared to the world, but its growth rates clearly indicate that the future of the environment in Iraq does not bode well, As well as the transformation of significant areas of agricultural lands into decertified lands or threatened with desertification due to climate change and the decline in water imports, not to mention the urban sprawl and the enactment of laws that exacerbated the problem, as well as the lack of balance between population growth and food production. The research recommended the need to provide accurate data on environmental indicators that contribute to an accurate assessment of environmental performance in Iraq, relying on alternative energy sources, working on sustainable agriculture and limiting random urban expansion.