bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSIKOLOGI REMAJA DAN PERMASALAHANNYA
Authors: Diananda Amita
Published: March 2019

Rentang usia remaja adalah 10 tahun sampai 21 tahun menurut beberapa ahli. Fase remaja adalah fase peralihan dari fase anak-anak menuju masa dewasa. Karakteristik yang bisa dilihat adalah adanya banyak perubahan  yang terjadi baik itu perubahan fisik maupun psikis. Perubahan fisik yang dapat dilihat adalah perubahan pada karakteristik seksual seperti pembesaran buah dada, perkembangan pinggang untuk anak perempuan sedangkan anak laki-laki tumbuhnya kumis, jenggot serta perubahan suara yang semakin dalam. Perubahan mentalpun mengalami perkembangan. Pada fase ini pencapaian identitas diri sangat menonjol, pemikiran semakin logis, abstrak, dan idealistis. Periode ini disebut fase pubertas (puberty) yaitu suatu periode dimana kematangan kerangka atau fisik tubuh seperti proporsi tubuh, berat dan tinggi badan mengalami perubahan serta kematanagan fungsi seksual yang terjadi secara pesat terutama pada awal masa remaja. Kebutuhan lain dari remaja adalah teman sebaya, dimana teman sebaya adalah sangat penting bagi remaja untuk mengenal dunia diluar keluarga. Namun dalam interaksinya, remaja sering mengalami tekanan untuk mengikuti teman sebaya atau yang disebut konformitas (conformity) yang sangat kuat. Konformitas ada yang positif dan negatif. Konformitas muncul ketika individu meniru sikap, atau tingkah laku orang lain dikarenakan ada tekanan nyata maupun yang tidak nyata. Perilaku remaja yang menyimpang seperti berbuat onar, mencuri dan lain lain perlu mendapat perhatian khusus bagi orangtua, guru dan pemerhati pendidikan.  Pertentangan  dan pemberontakan adalah bagian alamiah dari kebutuhan para remaja untuk menjadi dewasa yang mandiri dan peka secara emosional
KEADILAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Almubarok Fauzi
Published: March 2019

Keadilan merupakan harapan yang dapat dirasakan bagi seluruh umat manusia, karena keadilan merupakan sebuah cita-cita luhur setiap negara untuk menegakkan keadilan. Karenanya Islam menghendaki pemenuhan tegaknya keadilan. Keadilan dalam Islam meliputi berbagai aspek kehidupan yang merangkumi keadilan distributif, retributif dan, sosial, dan politik. Asas-asas menegakkan keadilan dalam Islam yaitu kebebasan jiwa yang mutlak dan persamaan kemanusiaan yang sempurna. Keadilan dalam Islam digantungkan kepada keadilan yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah dalam al-Qur’an dan didukung oleh Hadits dari Rasulullah SAW. Karena tidak mungkin manusia dapat mengetahui keadilan itu secara benar dan tepat.
PERAN BIMBEL IBU BANGSA DALAM MENDUKUNG KESIAPAN BERSEKOLAH ANAK USIA DINI DARI KELUARGA KURANG MAMPU SEBUAH STUDY KASUS
Authors: Retnowati Brotojoyo , Santoso Agus
Published: March 2019

Children from poor families are facing great challenges as they are growing up. Limited resources, low-level parents’ education, and environments have given impacts on how the families raise their children and prepare them for school. This research is to find out how a school readiness program initiated by Bimbel Ibu Bangsa for children of poor families at Kampung Gunung Sari can help them to get a quality education program and also to help parents implement effective parenting styles for the success of their children. A qualitative approach with a case-study model was used. The subject of this study consisted of 4 students out of the 16 students involved in the program. The data were collected by using participatory observations, home-visit notes, field notes, voice and visual recordings, and also by interviewing the parents and teachers. The validity of data was determined by triangulating and member-checking the data. The results of this research indicate that this program is quite able to be held with low budgets and will still be able to give quality education if the program is supported by the stakeholders in the community. The results also show that children and parents enrolled in this program gain many benefits shown by their adaptive parenting styles and children’s modified behaviours for the upcoming school readiness and overall better quality of life.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (Study Tentang Lahirnya Kelas Elit Muslim di Indonesia)
Authors: Khasanah Latifatul
Published: March 2019

Education which applied in Indonesia influenced by many factors, for example: government political policy. Government policies ranging from colonial, pre independence day, post independence day until the new orde seemed to ignore Islamic education. This problem causing Islamic education institution have many weakness that have to find a solution. Islamic education institution lack of human resource, management, and fund. Muslims have not been able to optimally actualize Islam transformatively. Islamic education is less attractive to the public. This weakness can be solved due to the struggle of muslims and Islamic figure and the increase of government attention to Islamic education. Thus making various policies and regulations that bring Islamic education and Islamic education institutions increasingly play a role in the implementation of education in general in Indonesia. This can be seen from the number of recitation in hotels, the development of religious music, Muslim Television, Muslim newspaper and many young designer appeared to make a fashion trend in many national and international events.
Authors: Sari Vivi Nila , Sari Marta Widian , Apriyan Jepri
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Keterampilan Kerja, dan Sikap Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Padang.. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Berganda. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan Kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden yaitu Karyawan PDAM Kota Padang. Hasil analisis regresi dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Tingkat Pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, 2). Keterampilan Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, 3). Sikap Kerja Karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, 4). Tingkat Pendidikan, Keterampilan Kerja, dan Sikap Kerja secara bersama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Koefisien determinasi menujukkan nilai sebesar 0,775 hal ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat pendidikan, keterampilan kerja dan sikap kerja memberikan kontribusi dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan sebesar 77,5% dan sisanya 22,5% dipengaruhi variable lain yang tidak diteliti.

 

Kata Kunci :            Tingkat Pendidikan, Keterampilan Kerja, dan Sikap Kerja, dan Kinerja Karyawan.
Pengaruh Merek Berbahasa Asing Terhadap Citra Merek Puyo Silky Dessert di Kota Bandung
Authors: Setiadinanti Fiananda , Nurhayati Iis Kurnia
Published: March 2019

Pemberian merek berbahasa asing atau foreign branding adalah strategi pemberian nama merek dengan pengejaan atau pengucapan dalam bahasa asing tertentu dengan tujuan untuk mempengaruhi dimensi citra merek dan ekuitas merek. Beberapa tahun terakhir strategi foreign branding banyak digunakan oleh para pelaku bisnis di Indonesia meskipun produk yang dijual diproduksi di Indonesia bahkan pemilik usaha pun berasal dari Indonesia. Puyo Silky Dessert adalah salah satu bisnis yang menggunakan strategi foreign branding tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat adakah pengaruh dan seberapa besar pengaruh foreign branding terhadap citra merek pada Puyo Silky Dessert di Bandung. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Dalam penelitian ini data primer akan diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 270 responden yang mengetahui merek Puyo Silky Dessert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian merek berbahasa asing yang dilakukan oleh Puyo Silky Dessert berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap citra merek yakni sebesar 51%.
Stochastic Biometric System Modelling with Rework Strategy
Authors: Ram Mangey , Manglik Monika
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the authors proposed the reliability mathematical modeling of a biometric system that computerizes the whole process of taking attendance and keeping its records in an academic institute. Manually taking attendance and sustaining it for a long time is very difficult as well as wastes a lot of time. For this cause, an efficient system has to be designed. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint scanner, and all the records are saved on a computer server. In order to mark the attendance, student or employee has to place his/her finger on the fingerprint sensor. On proof of identity student’s or employee’s record is well-run in the database, and he/she is reported through liquid-crystal display screens. Here, the authors evaluated reliability measures of the system such as availability, reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), cost analysis and sensitivity analysis with the help of Laplace transformation, supplementary variable technique, and Markov technique.
Land Use Drivers of Population Dynamics in Tasks of Security Management and Risk Assessment
Authors: Kopachevsky Ivan , Kostyuchenko Yuriy V. , Stoyka Otto
Published: March 2019

Approach to population data disaggregation in tasks of risk assessment is presented in this paper. The approach is based on analysis of land cover distribution separately in rural and urban areas. Model to analyze a population distribution on regular grid in a study area is proposed. Formal algorithms to estimate disaster losses distributions depending on population distribution, agroecological, socio-economic, and socio-ecological parameters are proposed. Concluding on population vulnerability and losses distribution in depending of land-use factors are proposed.
Wavelet Variance, Covariance and Correlation Analysis of BSE and NSE Indexes Financial Time Series
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Pant Sangeeta , Joshi Lokesh Kumar
Published: March 2019

The mostly used measure to analyze the stock market behavior is wavelet correlation analysis. Cross-country correlations have been largely used to obtain a static estimate of the comovements of actual returns across country. In this paper wavelet based variance, covariance and correlation analysis of BSE and NSE indexes financial time series have been done using index data from April 1990 to March 2006.
Multi-View Network Representation Learning Algorithm Research
Authors: Ye Zhonglin , Zhao Haixing , Zhang Ke , Zhu Yu
Published: March 2019

Network representation learning is a key research field in network data mining. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view network representation algorithm (MVNR), which embeds multi-scale relations of network vertices into the low dimensional representation space. In contrast to existing approaches, MVNR explicitly encodes higher order information using k-step networks. In addition, we introduce the matrix forest index as a kind of network feature, which can be applied to balance the representation weights of different network views. We also research the relevance amongst MVNR and several excellent research achievements, including DeepWalk, node2vec and GraRep and so forth. We conduct our experiment on several real-world citation datasets and demonstrate that MVNR outperforms some new approaches using neural matrix factorization. Specifically, we demonstrate the efficiency of MVNR on network classification, visualization and link prediction tasks.
The Influence of Capacitance and Inductance Changes on Frequency Response of Transformer Windings
Authors: Banaszak Szymon , Gawrylczyk Konstanty M. , Trela Katarzyna , Bohatyrewicz Patryk
Published: March 2019

Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is a test method used for assessment of mechanical condition of transformer active parts. Its biggest problem is the interpretation of test results, namely the relationship between scale of differences between compared curves and the decision for further operation of the given transformer. Very often visible differences between two FRA curves do not mean that there is a deformation in the winding. The cause of the curve shift may come from other elements of the transformer that influence inductive or capacitive parameters. This paper takes under consideration the influence of both capacitance and inductance changes on transformer frequency response (FR). The analysis is performed with the computer model of a transformer and also some experimental results are presented, showing the influence of capacitance and inductance changes on the FR of real transformers. The results of research showed that this influence may lead to misleading effects on the shape of FR characteristics. The paper presents an analysis that can be used in the assessment of FRA measurement, especially in the case of uncertain data comparison results.
MAG Welding Tests of Modern High Strength Steels with Minimum Yield Strength of 700 MPa
Authors: Lahtinen Teemu , Vilaça Pedro , Peura Pasi , Mehtonen Saara
Published: March 2019

The modern high strength steel plates have an excellent combination of strength and toughness based on micro-alloying and complex microstructure. Retaining this combination of properties in the weld zone is a major challenge for applications in high-demanding structural construction. This work investigates the weldability of three different modern high strength steel plates, with a thickness of 8 mm. Two of the test materials were produced by a thermo-mechanically controlled process (TMCP) and one by a quenching and tempering method (Q&T). Two-passes MAG (metal active gas) welding was used with four different heat inputs. The tests implemented on all the materials included tensile, hardness profiles (HV5), Charpy-V impact toughness tests, and microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM). For one of the TMCP steels, some extended tests were conducted to define how the tensile properties change along the weld line. These tests included tensile tests with digital image correlation (DIC), and 3-point bending tests. The most notable differences in mechanical properties of the welds between the materials were observed in Charpy-V impact toughness tests, mostly at the vicinity of the fusion line, with the Q&T steel more prone to embrittlement of the heat affected zone (HAZ) than the TMCP steels. Microstructural analysis revealed carbide concentration combined with coarse bainitic structures in HAZ of Q&T steel, explaining the more severe embrittlement. During the tensile tests, the DIC measurements have shown a strain localization in the softest region of the HAZ. Increasing the heat input resulted in earlier localization of the strain and less maximum strength. The tensile properties along the weld line were investigated in all welding conditions, and the results emphasize relevant and systematic differences of the yield strength at the transient zones near the start and end of the weld compared with the intermediate stationary domain.
Autumn Cold Surge Paths over North China and the Associated Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Cai Bo , Zeng Gang , Zhang Guwei , Li Zhongxian
Published: March 2019

Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, we tracked the paths of 46 autumn cold surges affecting North China from 1961 to 2014, and classified them by clustering analysis, thereby investigating their changes and associated atmospheric circulation evolution. Our results indicate that autumn cold surges affecting North China can be classified into three types according to their paths: the north type, west type, and northwest type, with occurrences of 12, 16, and 18 respectively. Different types of cold surges have different atmospheric circulation characteristics. The north type is associated with a blocking type of atmospheric circulation pattern, with an enhanced stretching northeast ridge over the Ural Mountains and a transverse trough over Lake Baikal. However, the northwest type is characterized by a ridge–trough–ridge wave-train pattern that is located over the Barents Sea, West Siberian Plain, and Sakhalin Island, respectively. The west-type cold surge is related to a conversion type: a blocking system over the Ural Mountains forms four days before the cold surge occurrence, after which it becomes a wave-train type. The atmospheric signals detected prior to the occurrences of the three types of cold surges are also explored. The main signal of the north-path cold surges is that the energy propagates eastward from the Azores Islands to the Ural Mountains, and then forms a blocking high over the Urals. However, for the northwest-path cold surges, there is a weak trough over the Ural Mountains that gradually strengthens because the blocking high collapses over the Norwegian Sea. The key signal of the formation of the west-path cold surges is a blocking high over the Norwegian Sea’s continuous enhancement and extension to Novaya Zemlya, which results in a transmission of energy to the Ural Mountains and leads to the formation of a blocking system over here. When the above-mentioned different types of atmospheric circulation characteristics appear, the type of cold surge path and its impact area can be potentially forecasted in advance, which may reduce the losses that result from cold surges.
Shelf-Life Extension of Wood Apple Beverages Maintaining Consumption-Safe Parameters and Sensory Qualities
Authors: Moazzem Md. Shakir , Sikder Md. Belal Hossain , Zzaman Wahidu
Published: March 2019

An investigation was carried out to extend the shelf life of wood apple beverages by up to 50 days from its natural shelf life of 8–12 h. A wood apple beverage was prepared using freeze-dried wood apple powder. Four samples were developed by pasteurizing the beverage at 85 °C for 10 min and treatment with a combination of 50 ppm and 100 ppm of potassium metabisulphite, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and sodium benzoate. Replications and controls were properly maintained. The total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid content, microbial growth and sensory attributes of the prepared juice samples were evaluated at an interval of 10 days over a storage period of 50 days. TSS was found to increase (16.30–18.25°Brix) with storage period, while pH (5.43–4.10), titratable acidity (0.67–0.08%), and ascorbic acid content (4.65–1.01 mg/100 mL) decreased with time. The microbiological analysis showed little or no growth for samples treated with a combination of 50 ppm potassium metabisulphite, citric acid, ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate up to 50 days. Consumer acceptability of the beverage was found to be satisfactory. Thus, shelf life of wood apple beverage was extended to 50 days satisfactorily, ensuring consumption-safe parameters and satisfactory sensory qualities.
The Plant Circadian Oscillator
Authors: McClung C. Robertson
Published: March 2019

It has been nearly 300 years since the first scientific demonstration of a self-sustaining circadian clock in plants. It has become clear that plants are richly rhythmic, and many aspects of plant biology, including photosynthetic light harvesting and carbon assimilation, resistance to abiotic stresses, pathogens, and pests, photoperiodic flower induction, petal movement, and floral fragrance emission, exhibit circadian rhythmicity in one or more plant species. Much experimental effort, primarily, but not exclusively in Arabidopsis thaliana, has been expended to characterize and understand the plant circadian oscillator, which has been revealed to be a highly complex network of interlocked transcriptional feedback loops. In addition, the plant circadian oscillator has employed a panoply of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, including alternative splicing, adjustable rates of translation, and regulated protein activity and stability. This review focuses on our present understanding of the regulatory network that comprises the plant circadian oscillator. The complexity of this oscillatory network facilitates the maintenance of robust rhythmicity in response to environmental extremes and permits nuanced control of multiple clock outputs. Consistent with this view, the clock is emerging as a target of domestication and presents multiple targets for targeted breeding to improve crop performance.
A Feedback Loop Formed by ATG7/Autophagy, FOXO3a/miR-145 and PD-L1 Regulates Stem-like Properties and Invasion in Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhu Junlan , Li Yang , Luo Yisi , Xu Jiheng , Liufu Huating , Tian Zhongxian , Huang Chao , Li Jingxia , Huang Chuanshu
Published: March 2019

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 blockade have been identified to target immune checkpoints to treat human cancers with durable clinical benefit. Several studies reveal that the response to PD-1-PD-L1 blockade might correlate with PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. However, the mechanistic pathways that regulate PD-L1 protein expression are not understood. Here, we reported that PD-L1 protein is regulated by ATG7-autophagy with an ATG7-initiated positive feedback loop in bladder cancer (BC). Mechanistic studies revealed that ATG7 overexpression elevates PD-L1 protein level mainly through promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of FOXO3a, thereby inhibiting its initiated miR-145 transcription. The lower expression of miR-145 increases pd-l1 mRNA stability due to the reduction of its direct binding to 3′-UTR of pd-l1 mRNA, in turn leading to increasing in pd-l1 mRNA stability and expression, and finally enhancing stem-like property and invasion of BC cells. Notably, overexpression of PD-L1 in ATG7 knockdown cells can reverse the defect of autophagy activation, FOXO3A degradation, and miR-145 transcription attenuation. Collectively, our results revealed a positive feedback loop to promoting PD-L1 expression in human BC cells. Our study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism for regulating pd-l1 mRNA stability and expression via ATG7/autophagy/FOXO3A/miR-145 axis and reveals the potential for using combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade to enhance therapeutic efficacy for human BCs.
BRCA2 and Other DDR Genes in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nombela Paz , Lozano Rebeca , Aytes Alvaro , Mateo Joaquin , Olmos David , Castro Elena
Published: March 2019

Germline and somatic aberrations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are more prevalent in prostate cancer than previously recognized, with BRCA2 as the most commonly altered gene. Germline mutations in BRCA2 have been linked to poor prognosis when patients are managed under the protocols currently approved for prostate cancer. The impact of germline mutations in other DDR genes beyond BRCA2 remain unclear. Importantly, a quarter of prostate cancer patients identified as germline mutation carriers lack a family history of cancer. The clinical implications of somatic DDR defects are yet to be elucidated. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy have proven to be effective in the treatment of other tumor types linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations and several trials are currently evaluating their efficacy in prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the available evidence regarding the prevalence of somatic and germline DDR defects in prostate cancer; their association with clinical outcomes; the trials assessing the efficacy of new therapies that exploit DDR defects in prostate cancer and briefly discuss some uncertainties about the most appropriate management for these patients.
A Multiscale Approach to the Numerical Simulation of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Mozdzierz Marcin , Berent Katarzyna , Kimijima Shinji , Szmyd Janusz S. , Brus Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

The models of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which are available in the open literature, may be categorized into two non-overlapping groups: microscale or macroscale. Recent progress in computational power makes it possible to formulate a model which combines both approaches, the so-called multiscale model. The novelty of this modeling approach lies in the combination of the microscale description of the transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions’ with the computational fluid dynamics model of the heat and mass transfer in an SOFC. In this work, the mathematical model of a solid oxide fuel cell which takes into account the averaged microstructure parameters of electrodes is developed and tested. To gain experimental data, which are used to confirm the proposed model, the electrochemical tests and the direct observation of the microstructure with the use of the focused ion beam combined with the scanning electron microscope technique (FIB-SEM) were conducted. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data from the short stack examination and a fair agreement is found, which shows that the proposed model can predict the cell behavior accurately. The mechanism of the power generation inside the SOFC is discussed and it is found that the current is produced primarily near the electrolyte–electrode interface. Simulations with an artificially changed microstructure does not lead to the correct prediction of the cell characteristics, which indicates that the microstructure is a crucial factor in the solid oxide fuel cell modeling.
Transcriptomic Landscape of Cisplatin-Resistant Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Rodrigo Miguel Angel Merlos , Buchtelova Hana , Jimenez Ana Maria Jimenez , Adam Pavlina , Babula Petr , Heger Zbynek , Adam Vojtech
Published: March 2019

The efficiency of cisplatin (CDDP) is significantly hindered by the development of resistance during the treatment course. To gain a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cisplatin resistance, we comparatively analyzed established a CDDP-resistant neuroblastoma cell line (UKF-NB-4CDDP) and its susceptible parental cells (UKF-NB-4). We verified increased chemoresistance of UKF-NB-4CDDP cells by analyzing the viability, induction of apoptosis and clonal efficiency. To shed more light on this phenomenon, we employed custom cDNA microarray (containing 2234 probes) to perform parallel transcriptomic profiling of RNA and identified that 139 genes were significantly up-regulated due to CDDP chemoresistance. The analyses of molecular pathways indicated that the top up-regulation scoring functions were response to stress, abiotic stimulus, regulation of metabolic process, apoptotic processes, regulation of cell proliferation, DNA repair or regulation of catalytic activity, which was also evidenced by analysis of molecular functions revealing up-regulation of genes encoding several proteins with a wide-spectrum of enzymatic activities. Functional analysis using lysosomotropic agents chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 validated their potential to re-sensitize UKF-NB-4CDDP cells to CDDP. Taken together, the identification of alterations in specific genes and pathways that contribute to CDDP chemoresistance may potentially lead to a renewed interest in the development of novel rational therapeutics and prognostic biomarkers for the management of CDDP-resistant neuroblastoma.
Effect of Cold Rolling on Recrystallization Behavior of Al-Free and Al-Added 15Cr-ODS Ferritic Steels
Authors: Ha Yoosung , Kimura Akihiko
Published: March 2019

The effect of cold rolling on the recrystallization behavior of Al-free and Al-added 15Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels was investigated. The recrystallization of both steels are enhanced by cold rolling. The Al-free ODS steel with finer oxide particles is harder to recrystallize than Al-added ODS steel with coarser oxide particles. The effect of Al addition on the recrystallization behavior is evident. It is estimated that the recrystallization temperature of Al-free and Al-added 15Cr-ODS ferritic steel is 900 °C and 1250 °C with the annealing period of 1 h. In Al-free ODS steel, a small hardening was observed in the temperature range between 850 °C and 1200 °C, while no such phenomenon was observed in Al-added ODS steel, which is indicative of retardation of recovery by finely dispersed oxide particles. Oxide particle growth is mostly dependent on annealing temperature, while recrystallization and grain growth are controlled by not only the temperature, but the cold rolling ratio, which alters the multiple factors such as dislocation density, initial grain shape and oxide particle dispersion morphology. The cold rolling direction also influences the grain morphology and grain orientation in Al-added ODS steel, and the second rolling in a perpendicular direction to the first cold rolling direction induces the rotation of the grains from <110> to <112>. The recrystallization temperature is not significantly changed by the cold rolling direction. Recrystallization after cold rolling appears to increase the {111} grain orientation on the cold rolled specimen surface.
Keeping an Eye on Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Endometriosis
Authors: Matalliotakis Michail , Matalliotaki Charoula , Trivli Alexandra , Zervou Maria I. , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Tzardi Maria , Matalliotakis Ioannis , Arici Aydin , Goulielmos George N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: We aimed to describe and review the epidemiological aspect of the disease pattern of a series of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with a histology confirmation of endometriosis. Material and Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical records of 184 perimenopausal and 46 postmenopausal women with endometriosis. Data were collected and analyzed from 1100 patients’ charts with confirmed endometriosis and involved cases from two different geographical areas, New Haven (US) and Greece. The statistical methods included ×2 and the Mann-Whitney U test. In the perimenopausal group (age 45–54 years), there were 184 patients (16.7%) and the postmenopausal group (55–80 years) had 46 (4.2%). The average age of diagnosis was (49 ± 2.3) and (61.2 ± 5.1), respectively (p < 0.01). Results: Advanced endometriosis was more aggressive in the perimenopausal group (p < 0.05); in the same group, we observed a higher left-sided predisposition of endometriosis in comparison with the right side (p < 0.01). Endometrioma was the most common gynecological condition among patients with perimenopausal endometriosis in relation to the postmenopausal group (p < 0.001). Additionally, we found uterine leiomyomata more prominent in the perimenopausal group (p < 0.05). In contrast, adenomyosis was found higher in postmenopausal patients (p < 0.05); further, 24 cases with dry eye we observed. Conclusions: Postmenopausal endometriosis is an important underestimated condition. Although the reported situation is not common, various clinicopathological characteristics were observed in both groups. Clinicians should be aware that there is a correlation between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age.
Permutation Entropy and Information Recovery in Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Time Series
Authors: Henry Miguel , Judge George
Published: March 2019

The focus of this paper is an information theoretic-symbolic logic approach to extract information from complex economic systems and unlock its dynamic content. Permutation Entropy (PE) is used to capture the permutation patterns-ordinal relations among the individual values of a given time series; to obtain a probability distribution of the accessible patterns; and to quantify the degree of complexity of an economic behavior system. Ordinal patterns are used to describe the intrinsic patterns, which are hidden in the dynamics of the economic system. Empirical applications involving the Dow Jones Industrial Average are presented to indicate the information recovery value and the applicability of the PE method. The results demonstrate the ability of the PE method to detect the extent of complexity (irregularity) and to discriminate and classify admissible and forbidden states.
A Simplified Methodology to Evaluate Circuit Complexity: Doherty Power Amplifier as a Case Study
Authors: Tan Aaron , Toh Rui Tze , Lim Alfred , Li Yongfu , Kong Zhi Hui
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes the circuit complexity using Doherty power amplifier (DPA) as a case study and proposes a simplistic model to characterize the design complexity of a DPA circuit. Various fundamental building blocks of the DPA circuit are discussed and modeled to formulate the model. In one of our experiments, it is observed that a reduction of up to 400% in the normalized complexity factor (NCF) could enhance the gain performance by approximately up to 40% for UHF applications. This work can be used as a common benchmarking tool to compare various types of DPA architecture and allow design teams to optimize their building blocks in the DPA circuit. This model can also potentially become a platform for the improvement of many integrated circuit design components, allowing ready integration on a wide range of next generation applications, not only limited to DPA circuits.
An Estimation Model with Generalization Characteristics for the Internal Impedance of the Rechargeable Batteries by Means of Dual ANN Model
Authors: Bezha Minella , Gondo Ryo , Nagaoka Naoto
Published: March 2019

An estimation method of equivalent circuit parameters for rechargeable batteries that follows Artificial Neural Network (ANN) logic is proposed in this paper. The capability of the nonlinear analysis of the ANN is suitable for estimating the parameters that are nonlinearly involved in the complex circuit equation. The parameters have to be obtained from the complex internal impedances, which are measured in a wide frequency range. The accuracy is improved by dividing this wide range into a low-frequency and a high-frequency region. These regions are strongly related to the capacity fade and the maximum chargeable/dischargeable current, respectively. The improved method will determine the optimal frequency region for three different rechargeable batteries, which are composed of Li-Ion, Pb and Ni-MH. The accuracy of the proposed method is confirmed by a comparison with the measured results obtained using a conventional frequency domain method. For obtaining the real-time diagnostics of the battery, an improved dual ANN system, which employs unequal sampling, is proposed to obtain the circuit parameters. The deterioration of a battery can be detected from the estimated parameters, which can help in further investigations that aim to develop diagnostic models for the embedded circuit in industrial applications.
Species Mixing Effects on Height–Diameter and Basal Area Increment Models for Scots Pine and Maritime Pine
Authors: Riofrío José , del Río Miren , Maguire Douglas A. , Bravo Felipe
Published: March 2019

Models that incorporate known species-mixing effects on tree growth are essential tools to properly design silvicultural guidelines for mixed-species stands. Here, we developed generalized height–diameter (h-d) and basal area growth models for mixed stands of two main forest species in Spain: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Mixed-effects models were fitted from plot measurement and tree rings data from 726 Scots pine and 693 Maritime pine trees from mixed and pure stands in the Northern Iberian Range in Spain, with the primary objective of representing interactions between the species where they are interspersed in mixtures of varying proportions. An independent dataset was used to test the performance of the h-d models against models previously fitted for monospecific stands of both species. Basal area increment models were evaluated using a 10-fold block cross-validation procedure. We found that species mixing had contrasting effects on the species in both models. In h-d models, the species-mixing proportion determined the effect of species interactions. Basal area growth models showed that interspecific competition was influential only for Maritime pine; however, these effects differed depending on the mode of competition. For Scots pine, tree growth was not restricted by interspecies competition. The combination of mixed-effect models and the inclusion of parameters expressing species-mixing enhanced estimates of tree height and basal area growth compared with the available models previously developed for pure stands. Although the species-mixing effects were successfully represented in the fitted models, additional model components for accurately simulating the stand dynamics of mixtures with Scots pine and Maritime pine and other species mixtures require similar model refinements. Upon the completion of analyses required for these model refinements, the degree of improvement in simulating growth in species mixtures, including the effects of different management options, can be evaluated.
Carbon Isotopes of Riparian Forests Trees in the Savannas of the Volta Sub-Basin of Ghana Reveal Contrasting Responses to Climatic and Environmental Variations
Authors: Boakye Emmanuel Amoah , Gebrekirstos Aster , Hyppolite Dibi N’da , Barnes Victor Rex , Porembski Stefan , Bräuning Achim
Published: March 2019

Stable isotopes of tree rings are frequently used as proxies in climate change studies. However, species-specific relationships between climate and tree-ring stable isotopes have not yet been studied in riparian forests in the savannas of West Africa. Four cross-dated discs, each of Afzelia africana Sm. (evergreen) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (deciduous) in the humid (HSZ) and dry (DSZ) savanna zones of the Volta basin in Ghana were selected from a larger tree-ring dataset to assess the relationships between the tree-ring carbon isotope composition (δ13C values) and climatic parameters. The atmospherically corrected δ13C values of both studied species showed that A. africana was enriched in 13C compared to A. leiocarpus. Strong correlations were found between δ13C values of A. africana and A. leiocarpus with temperature, but weak correlations with precipitation. Spatial correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between δ13C values of both tree species and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that the carbon isotope composition of riparian trees in the Volta river basin has a potential to reconstruct climate variability and to assess tree ecological responses to climate change.
Optimization of Skid Trails and Log Yards on the Amazon Forest
Authors: Sales Agust , Gonzáles Duberlí Geomar Elera , Martins Thales Guilherme Vaz , Silva Gabriela Cristina Costa , Spletozer Aline Gonçalves , Telles Lucas Arthur de Almeida , Siviero Marco Antonio , Lorenzon Alexandre Simões
Published: March 2019

Research highlights: We used Dijkstra Algorithm (DA) to define optimal allocation of yards in order to minimize total skid-trail’s distance in the Amazon Forest. DA minimized trails’ distances and associated transportation costs, leading to an even smaller value when the current planning was disregarded and suggesting the reduction of deleterious environmental externalities. Background and objectives: We sought to answer if it is possible to optimize distances and intrinsic costs in the management of Amazonian forests using DA. The objective was to minimize skid trails distances by best allocating yards using DA and to compare four scenarios of forest harvest planning in the Brazilian Amazon. Materials and methods: Tree census data from Gênesis-Salém Farm, state of Pará, Brazil, were used. The yards and roads located by Grupo Arboris (scenario 1) were compared to three alternative scenarios in terms of total skid distance, trails and road densities, and skidding costs for three successive harvests, seeking to minimize total skid-trails’ distance. Alternative scenarios were to keep the number of yards within work units (WU) and place them in the edge of existing roads (scenario 2); keep the number of yards within each WU (scenario 3); and place 23 yards, disregarding the current planning (scenario 4). Results: Total skid-trail’s distance, number of trees above optimal extraction distance and densities of skid trails and roads were smaller in scenarios 2, 3, and 4, compared to the current yard allocation (scenario 1). Scenario 4, with fewer restrictions, reduced skid-trails’ distances by 23%. Harvest costs decreased from scenario 1 to 4 in all three harvest cycles. Conclusions: DA allowed optimized distribution of yards and skid trails and generated efficient results for harvest planning. This reinforces the importance of optimized planning, which establishes satisfactory results in the effort to reduce costs and environmental impact keeping high efficiency.
Effectiveness of Segment Routing Technology in Reducing the Bandwidth and Cloud Resources Provisioning Times in Network Function Virtualization Architectures
Authors: Eramo Vincenzo , Lavacca Francesco G. , Catena Tiziana , Polverini Marco , Cianfrani Antonio
Published: March 2019

Network Function Virtualization is a new technology allowing for a elastic cloud and bandwidth resource allocation. The technology requires an orchestrator whose role is the service and resource orchestration. It receives service requests, each one characterized by a Service Function Chain, which is a set of service functions to be executed according to a given order. It implements an algorithm for deciding where both to allocate the cloud and bandwidth resources and to route the SFCs. In a traditional orchestration algorithm, the orchestrator has a detailed knowledge of the cloud and network infrastructures and that can lead to high computational complexity of the SFC Routing and Cloud and Bandwidth resource Allocation (SRCBA) algorithm. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the effectiveness of a scalable orchestration architecture inherited by the one proposed within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and based on the functional separation of an NFV orchestrator in Resource Orchestrator (RO) and Network Service Orchestrator (NSO). Each cloud domain is equipped with an RO whose task is to provide a simple and abstract representation of the cloud infrastructure. These representations are notified of the NSO that can apply a simplified and less complex SRCBA algorithm. In addition, we show how the segment routing technology can help to simplify the SFC routing by means of an effective addressing of the service functions. The scalable orchestration solution has been investigated and compared to the one of a traditional orchestrator in some network scenarios and varying the number of cloud domains. We have verified that the execution time of the SRCBA algorithm can be drastically reduced without degrading the performance in terms of cloud and bandwidth resource costs.
The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant, ACE-Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Potentials of Traditional Serbian White-Brined Cheeses
Authors: Barac Miroljub , Vucic Tanja , Zilic Sladjana , Pesic Mirjana , Sokovic Marina , Petrovic Jovana , Kostic Aleksandar , Sredovic Ignjatovic Ivana , Milincic Danijel
Published: March 2019

This study deals with the effect of in vitro digestion on the functional potential of traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses. The total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and iron (II) chelating properties as well as angiotensin-converting enyzme-inhibitory (ACE-inhibitory) and antimicrobial activities of traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses before and after in vitro digestion were assayed. The traditional cheeses had different antioxidant properties as well as different ACE-inhibitory activities. In vitro digestion improved the total antioxidant capacity (8.42–58.56 times) and the reducing power (by 17.90–99.30%) of investigated cheeses, whereas their chelating ability was slightly improved or unaffected after digestion. In vitro digestion reduced the ACE-inhibitory potential of water-soluble protein fractions, and digested water-insoluble fractions were the major source of ACE-inhibitory peptides. The digestates did not exhibit any antibacterial potential, whereas they showed moderate antifungal potential toward selected micromycetes. The best antifungal potential had Svrljig ovine cheese and Homolje cow cheese. The results of this study clearly point to a significant functionality of traditional white-brined cheeses.
Numerical Simulation of Morphological Changes due to the 2004 Tsunami Wave around Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rasyif Teuku Muhammad , Kato Shigeru , Syamsidik  , Okabe Takumi
Published: March 2019

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused massive morphological changes around the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. This research investigates the coastal morphological changes in the Banda Aceh area via coupling a hydrodynamic model with a sediment transport module. The Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was coupled with the XBeach Model to simultaneously simulate sediment transport and the hydrodynamic process during the tsunami. The coupled model is known as COMCOT-SED. Field bathymetric data measured in 2006 were used to validate the coupled model. This study reveals that the tsunami’s impact was more severe on the eastern part of the coast, where it hit directly. Meanwhile, the western part of the coast suffered a lower impact because of the sheltering effects from a series of small islands and a headland to the north. This study has shown that the model results from COMCOT-SED are consistent with field data and show where the tsunami waves caused offshore erosion.
Demonizing the Enemy, Literally: Tolkien, Orcs, and the Sense of the World Wars
Authors: Tally Robert T.
Published: March 2019

A seemingly inescapable feature of war is the demonization of the enemy, who becomes somehow less human and more deserving of death in times of military strife, which unsurprisingly helps to justify the violence against them. This article looks at the development, character, and role of the orcs—creatures that are in some senses, literally demonized—in J. R. R. Tolkien’s writings in connection with the ideological need to demonize the enemy in World Wars I and II. Yet, in creating an enemy whom the heroes could kill without compunction, Tolkien also betrayed his own sympathy for the devils, perhaps owing to his own experiences as a soldier. This ambiguity pervades Tolkien’s writings, even as his demonized orcs are dispatched by the thousands, thus shaping the sense of warfare and our experience of it according to the desire to simplify, and make more comprehensible, the martial narrative.
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Mortality by Achieving Healthy Dietary Goals for the Swedish Population: A Macro-Simulation Modelling Study
Authors: Saha Sanjib , Nordstrom Jonas , Gerdtham Ulf-G , Mattisson Irene , Nilsson Peter M , Scarborough Peter
Published: March 2019

The objective is to estimate the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases and diet-related cancers that could be prevented or delayed in Sweden if adults adhere to the official dietary recommendations. We used an age-group and sex-specific epidemiological macro-simulation model to estimate preventable deaths due to the discrepancies between actual intake and recommended intake of changes in food components. Data included in the model are a baseline scenario (actual dietary intake), a counterfactual scenario (recommended intake) and age- and sex-specific mortality for cardiovascular and diet-related cancer diseases together compared with the total population risk of a specific year. Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 iterations was performed to produce the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The model predicts that 6405 (95% UI: 5086–7086) deaths could be prevented or delayed if the Swedish population could adhere to official dietary recommendations in a year. More deaths would be saved for men than women. The recommendations for fruits and vegetables could have saved 47% of the deaths, followed by fiber intake (32%). For men, fruits and vegetables could have saved more compared to other dietary components, while for women dietary fiber was the prominent factor. Public health policies should consider ensuring healthy eating practices for the Swedish population.