bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of LEGO Mindstorms Kits for Teaching Mechatronics Engineering
Authors: Gonçalves Rogério Sales
Published: February 2021

One of the major educators’ challenges is to teach the theoretical lessons with practical examples that can be taught in the classroom or teaching laboratories. The application of these examples will face a major problem for students in engineering: the difficulty of understanding and seeing how a mechatronic device works in everyday life. This requires the use of tools that enable the construction of different low cost prototypes to assist in student learning. Another challenge to educators is the need to motivate students during the lessons and to present models that students can make and develop on their own. Within this context this paper presents a pedagogic proposition based on the use of LEGO Mindstorms kits to teach practical lab activities in a mechatronics engineering course. The objective is to develop teaching methodologies with the use of these LEGO kits in order to motivate the students and also to promote a higher interdisciplinarity, by proposing projects that unify different disciplines. Thus, the paper is divided into three parts according to the educational experiences implemented in the course of mechatronics engineering at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. The first part presents the use of the kits in robotics discipline. The second part presents the use of the virtual kits in the Computer Aided Design discipline with zero-cost. The third part presents a multi-disciplinary project EDROM in mechatronics using LEGO kits.
‘Incentivised reading’- Using an online VLE to measure engagement and attainment in student learning.
Authors: Beard Louise Helen
Published: February 2021

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) can be used as a resource repository but also as an environment to encourage independent student learning. Customised online assignments that can be assembled by the lecturer can be found in teaching resources such as Mastering Biology, developed by Pearson Publishers. In this study, student engagement in both summative and formative assignments was measured, and student attainment and qualitative feedback on the use of Mastering Biology was collected.During the period 2010-2017, the online VLE Mastering Biology was used to create online summative assignments and promoted to the students as ‘incentivized reading.'The results showed high student engagement in summative online assessment (94±3.2%) but lower engagement in formative online assessment (34±10.9%) and DSM assessment (36±3.5%) across all years. Student attainment increased after the introduction of Mastering Biology, in coursework (+13.2%), exams (+12.5%) and total module scores (+10.6%). Importantly, student feedback was also very positive about the implementation of Mastering Biology.This study suggests that students display high engagement with the summative online assessment. Lower engagement in formative assessment could be due to differences in student motivation. Lack of engagement in this assessment could be used to identify disengaged students and intervention and extra support could be given.
Occupational Stress and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables in Penitentiary Servants
Authors: Benetti Sabrina Azevedo Wagner , Goi Cíntia Beatriz , Benetti Marcos , Frizzo Matias Nunes , Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Dezordi Cátia Cristiane Matte , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes
Published: February 2021

The work in the prison system requires in addition to technical and scientific knowledge, the ability to manage emotions and to cope with the stress experienced, in order to maintain physical and psychological health and the quality of services provided to people deprived of their liberty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the occupational stress of penitentiary servers and to correlate it with sociodemographic variables. The development of the research was methodologically based on a cross-sectional and analytical study with 254 prison workers from the 3rd Penitentiary Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection was based on a sociodemographic, functional and Job Stress Scale. Among the participants who answered the questionnaires, it was identified that 52.4% were male, 72.4% were married or partners and had an average age of 41.62 years old, 55.9% had moderate intensity stress and 2.8% of the sample was at high level stress. From the results obtained, it is necessary to make a critical reflection on the conditions to which prison workers are exposed daily. The results also demonstrate that new actions of planning and interventions are needed to improve work in this troubled environment.
Validation of the Garmin Forerunner 920XT Fitness Watch VO2peak Test
Authors: Kraft Gina Leigh , Roberts Rachel A.
Published: February 2021

Aerobic capacity (VO2peak ) testing equipment can be expensive. Garmin fitness watches are significantly cheaper, and Garmin has developed a fitness test that estimates VO 2peak . The purpose of this study was to validate the Garmin fitness test, using a Garmin Forerunner 920XT fitness watch, against VO 2peak measurement, using a Parvomedics TrueOne 2400 open circuit spirometry device. Sixteen college students (10 male and 6 female) volunteered to complete the Garmin fitness test followed several days later by a Bruce treadmill test while oxygen consumption was measured via open circuit spirometry. The average VO 2peak from the Garmin test was 45.4 (± 5.6) ml/kg/min, compared to 45.0 (± 8.9) ml/kg /min from open circuit spirometry. There were no significant differences between the measurements (t = 0.221 with p = 0.828). The two measurements were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 (p =0.000). The Garmin fitness test seems to be a highly accurate estimation of VO 2peak2peak.
University – Industry Collaboration and Innovativeness of Firms
Authors: Kande Alice Wairimu , Kirira Dr. Peter Gakio , Michuki Dr. George Ngondi
Published: February 2021

Knowledge driven economies have been recognized as the next frontier in developing and developed world. Universities are important institutions in the creation, dissemination, growth and preservation of knowledge from all sectors. This paper aims to provide an analysis and contribute to the discourse on the effect of University – Industry interaction on firms’ innovative performance. Firm innovativeness is hereby measured as the degree of use or implementation of new or significantly improved method of production (Process Innovation); novelty of product (Product Innovation); and implementation of new organizational methods in the firms’ business practices (Organizational Innovation). This study draws from data obtained from the Kenya Innovation Survey (2012) based on the Oslo Manual (which provides the guidelines on the methods and questions to be included in innovation surveys) and it was designed to measure the innovation activity based on a set of core indicators to inform policies that will help the country configure the national system of innovation in order to respond to socio-economic challenges. The analysis of the results is based on a sample of 296 enterprises located in Kenya which were randomly selected by ISIC sector from an entire sampling frame. A total of 194 firms were selected in Nairobi and its environs while 102 firms were selected upcountry as follows: Mombasa (25 firms), Kisumu (25 firms), Eldoret (24 firms) and Nakuru (25 firms). The results of this study indicate that universities are an important knowledge partner for firms to develop innovations. Most of the sectors indicate that the interaction between them and the universities has significant effect on product as well as process innovations.
Teachers’ Attitude towards Teaching Following In-service Teacher Education Program in Kenya
Authors: Inyega Justus O. , Inyega Hellen N.
Published: February 2021

This paper assesses the extent to which teachers’ attitude towards chemistry teaching changes following a needs-and participatory-oriented in-service teacher education program in Kenya. Thirty six (36) randomly selected veteran teachers from 36 schools who attended a ten-day in-service program in Kenya. Teachers actively participated in formulation of session objectives and training sessions that involved practical and peer-teaching sessions, and made reflections on each training session. Data were collected using validated questionnaire before start of workshop sessions and at the end of training sessions. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, comparison of means using two-sample t-procedures, and effect size based on Cohen’s guidelines. From the study findings, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that teachers appear to have a positive change in attitude towards: teaching objectives; teaching strategies; lesson planning; ability to overcome teaching limitations; conducting practical work; and overall teaching of chemistry following in-service program focusing on teaching enhancement. The findings have implications on curriculum for pre-service teacher preparation and in-service professional development of science teachers. The findings also have implications on teachers’ classroom practices and instructional supervision in schools.
Physical and Engineering Properties of Some Selected Jordanian Basalt
Authors: Taqieddin Salah A. , Humidi Hatim M.
Published: February 2021

This study is oriented towards studying the physical and engineering properties of some selected basalt rocks in the northern parts of Jordan. For that purpose, about 150 rock core specimens were extracted from five different locations in northern Jordan. These locations are identified as: Irbid, Ramtha, Al-Mafraq, Um-Qais, and Al-Azraq area. Several experimental tests were conducted on these specimens. The results were analyzed, compared, and classified according to several internationally known classification systems. Based on previous work by others and the extensive investigation made in this study several conclusions, recommendations and practical applications are drawn and are presented in this work.
Clausal Realization of Hedges in Teacher Talk
Authors: Liu Jixin , Li Xiaoting
Published: February 2021

Hedges as a linguistic device has been studied from different perspectives since Lakoff proposed this linguistic concept. The preceding researches focused on definition, classification and research domain of hedges. This thesis is aimed at the application of hedges by teachers in the spoken English class context through classroom observation and transcription from the teacher-student interaction. Based on the functional analysis of the excerpts from the spoken English classes, pedagogical implications of hedge use are illuminated. Thus, teachers can motivate the classroom participation on the part of students in thinking and speaking.
Representation of homoaffective relationships in Brazilian telenovelas
Authors: Maldonado Rafael Resende , Barreto Giovanna Carla , Rigotti Gabriela Fiorin
Published: February 2021

The presence of homosexual characters in Brazilian telenovelas has been gaining prominence in recent years and arousing intense debates in society. The aim of this study is to analyze the representation of homoaffective relationships in telenovelas from the perspective of their presence, relevance and discussion. This study consisted of the analysis of the scenes of homosexual couple Teresa and Estela in the telenovela Ambitious Women (GLOBO NETWORK, 2015), in comparison with the literature and other same-gender relationships in telenovelas. The analysis evidences an increase in the representativeness of homoaffective relationships in telenovelas, however the representation of these relationships still remains subjected to a heteronormative logic.
Determining the Skills Gap for New Hires in Management
Authors: Adrian Mitchell
Published: February 2021

This study is an exploratory attempt to evaluate the skills gap in the discipline of business management, based upon the perceptions of students as compared to the expectations of employers. While it has been assumed that the skills gap may be a shortcoming of higher education’s inability to understand employer needs (Everson 2014), it is expected that the gap is more a result of misaligned student interpretations of employer needs and an academic environment that increasingly views the student as the customer. If faculty consider the employer as a primary customer, then perhaps academic programs can be redesigned to provide better opportunities to new graduates.
The Factors Affect Company Performance in Renewable Energy Industry
Authors: TSAI YINLIN , Tung Johnny
Published: February 2021

Concerns about global warming and climate change are generating interest in renewable energy measures with the purpose to minimize environmental impact. Promoting renewable energy production becomes indispensable since its represent a tiny fraction of energy consumed. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance determinants are divided in country specific advantages and firm specific advantages. Companies were selected from Bloomberg and filtered due to its information ava ilability from COMPUSTAT to construct a Panel Data structure. The results proved that both country level (shares of renewable and energy consumption) and firm level (market capitalization, employee growth rate and capital intensity) determinants were signi ficant in the renewable energy industry. Through the analysis, it’s possible to realize that return on assets it’s a performance measure with long term results, but unlike it, gross profit margin is variable that demonstrate short term results. We conclude that renewable energy industry has a great potential due to its results performed.
Validation of the Polar Fitness Test
Authors: Kraft Gina Leigh , Dow Maddie
Published: February 2021

Aerobic capacity testing can be beneficial to coaches, physical educators, and trainers in the process of designing aerobic training programs. However, testing in a laboratory can be costly. Polar heart rate monitors provide a fitness test that estimates aerobic capacity without having to use expensive equipment. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Polar fitness test in comparison to the laboratory test. Eighteen college age students completed the Polar fitness test along with a laboratory test for aerobic capacity. The laboratory test consisted of a maximal Bruce protocol treadmill test while the subject was connected to a metabolic cart. The study found that the Polar fitness test provides results that are not statistically different from the metabolic cart results (t = 1.681, p = 0.111). Additionally, the 2 tests were strongly correlated (r = 0.545, p = 0.019). This indicates that the Polar fitness test may be an appropriate means of aerobic capacity testing for those not needing the accuracy of expensive laboratory equipment.
Application of Butler’s (1980) Tourist Area Life Cycle to Saly (Senegal)
Authors: LY Mouhamadou Bamba
Published: February 2021

Richard W. Butler publishes in 1980 a model of evolution of tourist destinations known as TALC -Tourism Area Life Cycle- which stipulates that a site exploited for tourism and leisure knows 6 phases in its evolution: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation. Several experiments of the model will be carried out around the world, however the tourist destinations located in the developing countries constitute a residual category of these applications. This article proposes an exploration of the TALC at the first station developed by the public authorities in West Africa, Saly located on the small coast in Senegal. For this purpose, we used a qualitative research method based on semi-directive interviews with actors at the level of the student site completed by official statistics. Our results show that Saly is in a so-called stagnation phase and that it is important to re-qualify the typology of tourist space in this city, which is experiencing a significant change in relation to its location.
EFFECTS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN KENYA
Authors: SILAS PETER MWIATHI , Wawire Nelson H.W. , Onono Okelo Perez A.
Published: February 2021

The Kenya government has instituted fiscal decentralization over the years to promote social economic development, reduce poverty and income inequality and ensure balanced regional development. Despite these efforts, poverty levels have remained high in Kenya. The literature on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty has been rather inconclusive about the effects of fiscal decentralization on poverty. The main objective of this paper was to analyse the effects of fiscal decentralization on poverty in Kenya. Using cross-county panel data from 2002 – 2014 and published data from government agencies, UNDP reports and World Bank reports, the paper estimated various empirical models to analyse the effects intergovernmental transfers, sub-national own-source revenue and county expenditure on poverty in Kenya. The study established that the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty depends on the nature of decentralization and the extent of fiscal decentralization as well as the county specifics. The paper therefore, recommends the need for for county governments to have adequate own-source revenue to finance their expenditure as opposed to relying on intergovernmental transfers from national government.
Evaluation of Students Scientific and Medical Literacy After Performing Laboratory Exercises in a Microbiology Laboratory for Non-Majors
Authors: Sivaraman Vijay , Baker Erika Janelle
Published: February 2021

Introduction to Microbes and Disease was designed to introduce students to the field of Microbiology, with a focus on medicine and disease. In this course, students develop a comprehensive understanding of the structure of biology of microbes and how the human immune system interacts with them to fight disease. All undergraduate students directed on a health science course path will benefit from this introductory course, but this course does not fulfill requirements for Biology majors. The newly developed course was developed in 2013 and was first offered in the fall semester of 2014.

Pre-assessment and post-assessment exams were used in the Microbes and Disease - Biology 2510 (Introduction to Microbes and Disease) for the spring 2017 semester in which the total enrollment was 140 students. In this study, the assessments were used to examine the confidence and competence in biological concepts and lab techniques in the biology lab course for non-majors. The assessments were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Lab experiment reports were used to examine the collaboration and student-learning occurring in lab. Grades for individual assessments and laboratory reports were collected, and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

            Scatter plots illustrated the grade distribution of 98 pre and post assessments representing all students enrolled in BIOL 2510 for the 2017 spring semester. Differences between pre and post assessment grades and laboratory report grades are indicated by line charts These graphs also provided comparisons between the different lab sections.

           This science education project addressed active learning themes, the importance of weekly lab write ups, collaborative group work and confidence and competence of biological concepts and laboratory techniques.
The impact of transformational leadership in improvement of the organizational capability
Authors: Pasovska Silvana , Miceski Trajko
Published: February 2021

Transformational leadership has a major impact on the improvement of organizational culture and success. It affects change in cultural characteristics of the individual and improvement of human achievements in all areas, thus creating a long-term positive approach of a person. It results in positive transformation of a person and improvement of its potentials. The transformational approach has a capacity to make significant change both in individuals and in the organization through adaptation, expectations, aspirations, perceptions and values. Such an approach is based mostly on leader’s personality, his character, vision, the power to accept the challenge and on his own example.Transformational leaders are focused on the "common good" instead of their individual "power bases”, they are broad-minded and respect the interests of their followers. With such leaders people are willing to create and innovate and to work harder than expected,.The paper studies some views on transformational leadership based on charisma, innovation of the companies, producing success and building personalities with durable and unperishable values. This is empirical research on the image of organizations formulated through the statements of managers and employees and presented through tabular, graphical and calculated correlative values.
Current Trends in Software as a Service (SaaS)
Authors: Sandanayake T.C. , Jayangani P.G.C.
Published: February 2021

Software as a service (SaaS) is one type of the cloud computing that has gained more popularity in the world. It is a way of delivering the software through the internet to its end users. Then users can use it through subscriptions from vendors.  Users have to pay only for what they use. SaaS architecture is a very high level model which is based on Application Service Provider (ASP) concept and Service Oriented Architecture. Currently many organizations are using SaaS as it is a service centric model and it uses technologies like multi-tenant architecture which in turn provides the users with many desired set of features. SaaS also have some security challenges which can be classified under data, application and deployment of SaaS architecture. Furthermore there are many emerging trends in SaaSwhich are focused on full filling advanced customer demands. This research study is evaluating the current trends, approaches and applications of SAAS.
Assessing Sanitation Conditions and Its Impacts on The Health Status of Hostellers in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma
Authors: Ikhioya Grace Olohiomeru
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the sanitation conditions and its impact on the health status of Hostellers in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Using a random sampling technique, 100 students were selected for the study. Data were collected with the aid of self – administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistical techniques. The majority of the students (58%) were impressed with services rendered by the cleaners with respect to keeping the bathrooms and its environs clean. 62% of the students’ respondents stated that the environments and the hotel toilets is cleaned on daily basis. Although from the research there were indications that the cleaners have issues in acquiring their materials for executing their duties. About 75% of the respondents who at one time had complaints with the conditions of the hostel experienced delayed responses; 69 percents of the student respondents reported that at one point in time they had suffered some health issues which includes malaria, typhoid, dysentery, although no case of food poisoning was recorded.  It was concluded that there are few sanitation problems in the institution. Availability of cleaning materials has been a problem as well as other health related issues.
Differences in TQM Performance of Small Enterprises
Authors: Pannirselvam Gertrude P
Published: February 2021

This research investigates how small enterprises differ from large enterprises in adopting and using TQM practices.  This comparison of performance in TQM practices is based on the items in the Baldrige criteria. The scores of 86 applicants to a state quality award were statistically analyzed to look for any significant differences in the scores based on the size of the applicant. The feedback reports provided by the examiners were used to explain the significant differences in scores.  The analysis indicates that the scores of small enterprises were significantly lower than medium and large enterprises.  The lower scores reflect a lack of sustained, formal quality strategy and a lower priority given to continuous improvement.  Information management in benchmarking and determination of employee and customer satisfaction also contribute to the lower scores. 

This study alerts consultants and managers to the possible areas that small enterprises need to focus on to get the best out of their TQM implementation.  The study also indicates that the formality of the criteria in assessment tools such as the Baldrige award criteria may not be very suitable for small enterprises. Past research about the use of TQM in small and medium enterprises for the most part use self-reported data and rarely provide comparison to large enterprises.  The study compares the performance of small enterprises with large enterprises and provides objective data to confirm the differences in performance of small enterprises in TQM practices.
Role of Women Empowerment Clubs in Poverty Reduction in Zambia
Authors: Ngoma Flora
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of women empowerment clubs in poverty reduction in Zambia. The study targeted some women empowerment groups in different parts of the country. The objectives of this study were as follows; to find out if women’s clubs contribute to poverty reduction among women, to examine the challenges that women’s club experiences and to determine measures that could be put in place to overcome the challenges.
The research design of the study was a survey design which used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 50 women was selected from 10 women empowerment clubs in various parts of Zambia which include Lusaka, Chinsali and Senanga. The data was collected using questionnaires.
The findings of the study revealed that women have been empowered by the clubs. They have acquired skills and knowledge that some of them have used to start small businesses. These small businesses help the women to earn an income that helps them to run their households and send children to school.
The study therefore recommended that the government and other stakeholders must help in financing the women empowerment clubs and a local and international market should be created to allow women to sell whatever the make and produce in their empowerment group or clubs.
Innovation in peanut productive chain in Brazil between 1996-2016
Authors: Reis Thiago , Lourenzani Ana Elisa Bressan Smith , Machado Joao Guilherme Camargo Ferraz
Published: February 2021

Innovation enables organizations to achieve increased competitiveness, through increased productivity, organization and marketing, with the possible consequence of opening new markets. The case of agro-industrial chains it’s not different, in which the innovations along the chain have repercussion in the whole sector. In this way, this article aims to analyze the contributions of innovation in the groundnut production chain between 1996 and 2016, which went from culture with an import profile in the late 1990’s to the export profile in the 2000’s. It was used a qualitative approach and a descriptive research based on bibliographic research in databases, such as FAOSTAT and CONAB. Through the research it was possible to verify that the technological, marketing and organizational innovations were of great contribution to the recovery of the groundnut culture.
Activities in Team Work Among Head Teachers and Parents for The Improvement of Inclusive Education in Regular Public Primary Schools in Meru County
Authors: MWIRICHIA SEVERINA MUKOKINYA , Kibaara Tarsila
Published: February 2021

Through appropriate activities in teamwork among head teachers and parents, inclusive education is improved. The purpose of the study was to analyse activities in team work among head teachers and parents for the improvement of inclusive education in regular public primary schools, in Meru County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to examine activities in team work among head teachers and parents for the improvement of inclusive education. The significance of the study was to inform education policy makers, who need the study results to evaluate the current policies on inclusion and formulate appropriate ones for promoting head teacher-parent collaboration to improve the status of inclusive education for all learners. The study was guided by Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory and Peters’ input-process-outcome-context framework of Inclusive Education. Qualitative research approach method was predominantly used. The target population was 101,612. Through purposive sampling, 24 participants were selected. The study instruments used included; questionnaires, interview schedules, focus group discussion guide, observations and documents’ analysis schedules. Qualitative data analysis was done with the help of computer package, ATLAS. ti. The study findings were presented using narratives within themes generated from the collected data. It was found that, though, many head teachers carried out numerous activities, as a team with the parents, challenges contributed to minimal improvement of inclusive education. It was recommended that, the school stakeholders should be well sensitized on the collaboration for the improvement of inclusive education.

Key words: Activities, head teacher-parent collaboration, inclusive education, Meru County.
Sketching Victorian Society: A Corpus Assisted Study of Social Class in Dickens' Great Expectations
Authors: Ali Arshad , Rashid Athar , Sultan Ameer
Published: February 2021

The present work deals with the adjectives used by Charles Dickens to portray the social class in the novel Great Expectations. The study used a corpus linguistics methodology for data preparation, corpus development, and data analysis. The text of the novel was collected from online sources and used in the compilation of the corpus. The corpus was filtered of additional information and tagged using a part-of-speech tagger (POS tagger). The tagged data was analyzed using AntConc software. The findings of the study suggest that the use of adjectives plays a substantial role in the portrayal of the social class in the novel Great Expectations. The findings also show that there was a clear divide between upper and lower classes. The members of the lower class were humiliated and looked down upon by the members of the upper class.
Sketching Women: A Corpus-Based Study of Female Protagonist in A Dolls House
Authors: Rashid Athar , Ali Arshad , Abbas Shahid
Published: February 2021

The This paper investigates the words used by Henrik Ibsen in his play, A Dolls House, to portray a female character. The use of adjectives for the female protagonist Nora is of primary concern in this research. The play A Dolls House was downloaded from the internet and used for the corpus compilation, which was analyzed using the corpus tools, AntConc 3.5.8 and TagAnt, and explained with the help of the Feministic theoretical framework. The findings of the study suggest that the female protagonist is a submissive woman of low self-esteem due to the treatment she receives from her husband. This suggests that women were not treated reasonably by men in Norwegian society and are mostly victims of gender inequality because of the patriarchal nature of society. The present study sought to explore male domination and supremacy by focusing on the adjectives used for Nora, the female protagonist.
Constitutional Dilemma of Pakistan: 1947 -1956
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Ahmad Manzoor , Bukhari Syed Asif Anwar
Published: February 2021

Soon after its creation, Pakistan confronted many issues including refugee problem, scarcity of able political leadership, absence of mutual consensus between both wings of the country and confusing nature of the relationship between Islam and state etc. took almost nine years to frame the permanent constitution for Pakistan. Constitution, the basic document of a state, determines the shape of its laws, structure of governance and system of rights and duties. The effectiveness of a constitution is judged by its practicability in the given area where it is enforced by the state machinery. Although, all civilized states of the world do possess a constitution, yet a good constitution is one which must protect the basic human rights by ensuring the independence of judiciary. Due to countless hurdles at the beginning of its journey, Pakistan’s constitutional development in the right direction could not take place. The main objective of the present study is to provide deep insight into the events and factors causing a delay in the constitution-making for the newly created state of Pakistan. The various events which took place from 1947 to 1956 have been analyzed in a subtle way.
The Just War Theory and Human Rights Violations: What Does International Law Tell?
Authors: Ali Asghar , Rahim Nazim , Bukhari Syed Mussawar Hussain
Published: February 2021

War and Peace are the two important topics of international law. Both the terms, despite polar apart in their nature are the subject matter of international law. As war is inevitable and cannot be reduced to zero; hence, international law tries to lay rules for the justification of war and its conduct. However, a just war becomes unjust when it causes disproportional civilian casualties. Humans become the target of war, whether just or unjust. On one hand, the UN Charter gives equal rights to all the humans without any discrimination and on the other hand, it considers the declaration of a just war as a prerogative of the UN Security Council only. However, states take unilateral actions and violate both the principle of proportionality and fundamental human rights. This analytical study discusses the Just War Theory and its impacts on fundamental human rights, in light of the international humanitarian law
Right to Health of Female Prisoners: A Critical Analysis of KP Prison Act in the Light of International Human Rights Law
Authors: Zakir Sana , Khan Muhammad Aqeel , Feroz Sumayya
Published: February 2021

The paper explores the study of female prisoners who are facing multiple issues regarding health by taking into consideration the rights given to them under international law and how far those rights are available to them within local laws. The miserable conditions of prisoners around the world need no elaborations, particularly in less developed countries are taken into account; it speaks volumes of human right violations. Reviews on the conditions of female prisoners across the globe and how incarceration affects their health is being discussed with special reference to Mandela and Bangkok Rules passed by the United Nations. The study addresses an understanding of whether the available legislative framework in the form of KP prison Act 1894 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa safeguards the rights of access to health care for female prisoners or not. In the end, various suggestions and strategies are given to make a step forward in resolving this issue.
Waves and legacies: The making of an investment frontier in Niassa, Mozambique
Authors: Kronenburg García Angela , Meyfroidt Patrick , Abeygunawardane Dilini , Sitoe Almeida
Published: February 2021

To understand how land-use frontiers emerge, we studied the actors driving investments in Niassa province, Mozambique. Our ethnographic research over 2017-2018 among commercial agriculture and forestry investors shows that successive waves of actors with different backgrounds, motives and business practices, arrived in Niassa to establish farms or plantations yet repeatedly failed. Waves come and go but leave sediments – legacies – that add up to gradually build the conditions for a frontier to emerge. The accumulation of these legacies has given rise to a new wave by actors from within the region, indicating that over time endogenous processes may replace externally-driven waves.
Should Ultrasonographic Giant-Cell Arteritis Signs be Detected in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica?
Authors: Kulaklı Fazıl , Sari İlker Fatih , Çaylı Erdem , Çilesizoğlu Yavuz Nurçe
Published: February 2021

Assessing the presence of ultrasonographic findings of Giant-Cell Arteritis in Polymyalgia Rheumatica patients using Ultrasonography on the temporal artery. The study contributes to the literature evaluating the unclear relationship between Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant-Cell Arteritis. It raises awareness that Ultrasonography can be used instead of biopsy in patients with suspected Giant-Cell Arteritis. Twenty patients were newly diagnosed with Polymyalgia Rheumatica, and 20 participants as a control group were included in the study. While the Polymyalgia Rheumatica group was evaluated at baseline and sixth month, the control group was evaluated only at baseline. Laboratory, clinical and ultrasonographic findings of all participants were assessed. Gray-scale Ultrasonography and colored Doppler Ultrasonography were used to present halo and compression, occlusion, and stenosis in addition to intima-media complex thickness in bilateral temporal arteries and frontal-parietal branches by an experienced radiologist blinded to the subject. No significant difference was found between Polymyalgia Rheumatica and control groups based on demographic features, clinical and ultrasonographic results at baseline and sixth month. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of Polymyalgia Rheumatica at baseline was statistically higher than the control group. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate values have declined significantly in Polymyalgia Rheumatica patients, but no significant changes were found for clinical or ultrasonographic features during the sixth month. Ultrasonographic findings of Giant-Cell Arteritis are not present in newly diagnosed and six months followed up Polymyalgia Rheumatica patients. Further studies are needed.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK STRESS INOCULATION TRAINING UNTUK MENGATASI KECEMASAN BERKOMUNIKASI DI DEPAN UMUM PADA SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 20 MAKASSAR
Authors: Erwan Erwan
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini menelaah penerapan Teknik Stress Inoculation Training untuk mengatasi kecemasan berkomunikasi di depan umum pada siswa di SMP Negeri  20  Makassar.  Penelitian  bertujuan  untuk  (1)  untuk  mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan teknik Stress Inoculation Training dalam mengatasi kecemasan  berkomunikasi  didepan  umum  siswa  (2)  untuk  mengetahui tingkat   kecemasan   siswa   dalam   berkomunikasi   sebelum   dan   setelah diberikan perlakuan  berupa teknik  Stress Inoculation  Training (3) untuk mengetahui penerapan teknik Stress Inoculation Training dalam mengatasi kecemasan berkomunikasi siswa didepan umum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  deskriptif  dengan  menggunakan  pendekatan  kuantitatif  yang bersifat  eksperimen  dengan  10  subjek  penelitian  di  SMP  Negeri  20 Makassar. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket  dan pedoman observasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan uji pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan wilcoxon signed ranks test (Z). Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini diperoleh yaitu : (1) Pelaksanaan teknik Stress Inoculation Training untuk mengatasi kecemasan berkomunikasi siswa di depan umum dilaksanakan dalam 3 fase  melalui tahapan pelaksanaan yaitu: (a) tahap konseptualisasi dengan menggunakan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif, (b) tahap mendapatkan keterampilan baru dan tindakannya (coping skills) dengan menggunakan teknik relaksasi guided imagery,  dan  (c)  tahap  aplikasi  dan  tindak  lanjut  dengan  menggunakan teknik modeling diri sendiri, (2) Tingkat kecemasan berkomunikasi di depan umum siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan berupa penerapan teknik stress inoculation training berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dan menunjukkan penurunan setelah diberikan perlakuan yaitu berada pada kategori sedang, (3)   penerapan   teknik   stress   inoculation   training   dapat   mengurangi kecemasan siswa dalam berkomunikasi di depan umum.
PERAN PONDOK PESANTREN SALAFIYAH TERHADAP REVITALISASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (Studi Pada Pondok Pesantren Salafiyyah Parappe, Campalagian, Polman)
Authors: Pabbajah M.Taufiq Hidayat , Pabbajah Mustaqim
Published: February 2021

Penelitian  ini menjelaskan tentang peran Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Pareppe dalam melakukan revitalisasi pendidikan Islam dengan mempertahankan proses pembelajaran tradisional, peningkatan kualitas tenaga pendidik dan santri serta pondok pesantren dalam menghadapi peluang dan tantangan pendidikan modern. Jenis   penelitian   ini   adalah  kualitatif  dengan   metode   penelitian  etnografi partisipatif, yaitu suatu metode yang melibatkan secara aktif subjek yang diteliti. Adapun  sumber  data  penelitian  ini  adalah  Kiai,  ustad,  dan  santri  Pondok Pesantren  Salafiyah  Parappe  sebagai  sumber  data  primer,  sedangkan  data sekunder  adalah  dokumen  tentang  Pondok  Pesantren  Salafiyah  Parappe  dan stakeholder.  Selanjutnya,  metode  pengumpulan  data  yang  digunakan  adalah observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini  adalah:  1)  Pendidikan  tradisional  yang  diterapkan  di  Pondok  Pesantren Salafiyah Pareppe dimulai dari bentuk kepemimpinan kiai yang kharismatik dan partisipatif; santri yang majemuk;  kurikulum keilmuan keislaman yang bercorak salafy. 2) Peran dan upaya Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Parappe dalam merevitalisasi  pendidikan  Islam,     ada  dua  upaya  yang  dilakukan  Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Parappe yaitu maksimalisasi potensi internal pondok pesantren meliputi pengembangan kompetensi pendidik; dan pembenahan kepemimpinan kiai dan sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren.
PEMBERDAYAAN GURU NON PNS: KEBIJAKAN RESPONSIF MADRASAH NEGERI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Badruzzaman Badruzzaman
Published: February 2021

Guru  non-PNS  sejatinya  mendapat  pemberdayaan  yang  sama  dengan  guru PNS,  karena  perekrutan  guru  non-PNS  dibutuhkan  untuk  menanggulangi kekurangan guru PNS. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini mengungkap realitas pemberdayaan guru non-PNS dalam tiga aspek, yaitu pembentukan iklim kerja, peningkatan kompetensi, dan  jaminan kesejahteraan. Penelitian  menemukan bahwa  guru  non-PNS  mendapatkan  peluang  yang  sama  dengan  guru  PNS dalam    melaksanakan    tugas    dan    mengembangkan    diri;    meningkatkan kompetensi secara mandiri atau bersama dengan guru PNS, dan keragaman tingkat     kesejahteraan.     Penelitian     merekomendasikan,     bahwa     kajian pengembangan diperlukan untuk menyusun stratifikasi kompetensi guru non- PNS yang berimplikasi pada besaran nominal gaji, demikian halnya dengan jaminan keselamatan kerja dan kesehatan.
PERSPEKTIF TOKOH MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENDIDIKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Mujizatullah Mujizatullah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gagasan dan perspektif tokoh masyarakat tentang substansi materi , pendekatan, dan kebijakan pemberlakuan sistem pembelajaran pendidikan moderasi beragama di Kabupaten Takalar , dengan metode kualitatif, melalui wawancara dan observasi. Penelitian menemukan bahwa gagasan dan perspektif tokoh masyarakat tentang Pendidikan Moderasi Beragama pendidikan yang  mengajarkan pada peserta didik  untuk  bersikap  netral,  tidak  ekstrem  berdasarkan  nilai-nilai  agama  , budaya dan kearifan lokal, pancasila. Substansi materi agama : aqidah, akhlak,landasan pancasila dan kearifan lokal. Materi bernuansa tradisi dan budaya lokal  Appakasulapa dan  Maudhu  Lompoa.  Berdasarkan ketiga  hal tersebut pendekatan sistem pembelajaran pendidikan  moderasi  beragama,  kurikulum dilaksanakan pada pembelajaran intrakurikuler dengan  integrasi pada setiap mata  pelajaran  secara  monolitik  pada  kegiatan  ekstrakurikuler  dan  muatan lokal waktu 2 jam. Pendidikan non formal dan penerapannya mengenai nilai Appaka sulapa diaplikasikan dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi melalui outbond. Strategi pembelajaran mengimplementasikan materi agama, dan kearifan  lokal.  Pendidik  sukarelawan anggota Forum Pemerhati Galesong  . kebijakan penerapan Pendidikan Moderasi Beragama ; kebijakan penyediaan satuan      pendidikan      Sekolah      Adat      Karaeng      Galesong      pelopor Prof.Dr.H.Aminuddin Salle, SH, MH, beliau tokoh Guru Besar Unhas, Tokoh Adat dan   Pendidikan.   Dalam   hal   ini   masih   berusaha   untuk   mengambil kebijakan memasukkan ke Draf Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Takalar, Tahun 2020-2025, menampilkan  even budaya Maudu Lompoa  ke kalender nasional. Sumber  belajar  ,alat  pembelajaran,  menulis  dan  menerbitkan  buku  khusus budaya yang terkait dengan budaya lokal di Kabupaten Takalar. Penerapan pendidikan moderasi beragama dapat diterapkan dengan mengajak para siswa ke acara budaya lokal.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEIKUTSERTAAN PROGRAM PIL KB PADA PUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MABELOPURA PALU
Authors: Hardiyansyah Diky , Damayanti Nita
Published: February 2021

Pemilihan metode kontrasepsi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan seorang wanita untuk mencari metode kontrasepsi yang cocok dengan kondisinya, hal ini karena menu pilihan kontrasepsi dipengaruhi oleh ragam metode yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keikutsertaan PUS terhadap program KB. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan tehnik wawancara, dengan menggunakan desain case control dan dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mabelopura dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 orang. Populasi penelitian adalah PUS peserta KB pil dan suntik di wilayah kerja Pusekesmas Mabelopura yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor demografi (umur, agama) mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna (P > 0,05), untuk faktor sosio-ekonomi (tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan) mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna (P > 0,05), faktor jumlah anak mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna (P > 0,05), faktor riwayat penyakit mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna, faktor pengaruh orang lain mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna, dan faktor pengaruh media massa (koran, TV, dan radio) juga mempunyai nilai P yang tidak bermakna (> 0,05).
Persepsi dan Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti Terhadap Gizi Remaja
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Jusni  , Amalia Sari Nurul
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang. Remaja merupakan harapan bangsa, sehingga tak berlebihan jika dikatakan bahwa masa depan bangsa yang akan ditentukan pada keadaan remaja saat ini. Remaja yang sehat dan berkualitas menjadi perhatian yang besar bagi orang tua, praktisi pendidikan, dan remaja itu sendiri. Gizi remaja merupakan bagian dari sektor kesehatan yang penting dan menjadi perhatian besar dari pemerintah. Gizi yang baik merupakan pondasi bagi kesehatan masyarakat pengaruh gizi terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan, intelektual, dan produktivitas menunjukan besarnya peranan gizi bagi kehidupan manusia. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan pengetahuan Mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti Bulukumba tentang gizi remaja. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian  berupa deskriftif untuk mengetahui persepsi dan pengetahuan mahasiwa di Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti (AKTABE) terhadap gizi remaja, data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui tehnik observasi dengan menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel 50 mahasiswa AKTABE sebagai responden dengan variabel penelitian persepsi dan pengetahuan. Hasil. Berdasarkan data kuesioner diperoleh bahwa persepsi mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti Bulukumba tentang gizi remaja menunjukan 80% (40 responden) mempunyai persepsi baik, 20% (10 responden) berpersepsi cukup, dan tidak ada mahasiswa yang berpersepsi kurang baik dan tidak baik. Sedangkan berdasarkan pengetahuan menunjukan bahwa dari 50 responden terdapat 88% (44 responden) berpengetahuan baik, dan berpengetahuan cukup baik terdapat 12% (6 responden). Pada penelitian ini tidak ada responden yang berpengetahuan kurang baik dan tidak baik.