bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of asymptomatic or “silent” myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fokoua-Maxime Christophe Dongmo , Lontchi-Yimagou Eric , Cheuffa-Karel Takeude Erwan , Tchato-Yann Tchana Loic , Pierre-Choukem Simeon
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a top ranked cause of death among diabetic patients, yet it is mostly asymptomatic or “silent”. There is a need for summary epidemiologic measures on this highly lethal and unnoticeable complication of diabetes. The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate of the global prevalence of silent MI among diabetic patients.

Methods and analysis

This protocol was prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. The systematic review will include all observational studies published until March 23, 2021 and reporting on the prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. Electronic sources including MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science will be searched for potentially eligible studies, restricted to only studies published in English. Two investigators will select studies and use a pre-pilot tested form to extract data. Further, they will independently perform a qualitative assessment of the risk of bias and overall quality of the selected studies, followed by a quantitative assessment using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. The heterogeneity between studies will be assessed with the Cochrane’s Q statistic, and the I2statistic will measure the percentage of variation across studies that is due to their heterogeneity rather than chance; it will decide if a meta-analysis can be conducted. In case a meta-analysis cannot be conducted, a descriptive analysis will be performed. Otherwise, study-specific estimates will be pooled using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model depending on the value of the I2statistic. Subgroup and random effects meta-regression analyses will be used to further investigate the potential sources of heterogeneity. Finally, sensitivity analyses will be performed to measure the impact of low-quality studies on the results of the meta-analysis, and power calculations will determine the probability that we will detect a true effect if it does exist.

Strengths and limitations of this study

The intended review will provide an up-to-date summary of the global prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. We will conduct a thorough literature search for eligible studies, and we will use robust meta-analysis tools to provide reliable estimates of the global prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. Two major limitations could be: the predominance of clinical trials that might limit the generalizability of the findings, given that the strict inclusion criteria of these studies might have excluded other patients; the risk of type 1 error emanating from the high number of subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019138136.
A rapid calprotectin test for the diagnosis of pleural effusion
Authors: Casado-Rey Pedro , Vázquez-Iglesias Lorena , Botana-Rial Maribel , Andrade-Olivié María Amalia , Ferreiro-Fernández Lucía , San José Capilla Esther , Nuñez-Ares Ana , Bollo de Miguel Elena , Pajares-Ruíz Virginia , Fernández-Villar Alberto
Published: June 2021

In previous studies, measuring the levels of calprotectin in patients with pleural effusion (PE) was an exceptionally accurate way to predict malignancy. Here, we evaluated a rapid method for the measurement of calprotectin levels as a useful parameter in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in order to minimise invasive diagnostic tests. Calprotectin levels were measured with Quantum Blue® sCAL (QB®sCAL) and compared with the gold standard reference ELISA method. Calprotectin levels in patients with benign pleural effusion (BPE) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than for MPE patients. We measured the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for a cut-off value of ≤ 14,150 ng/mL; the diagnostic accuracy was 64%. The odds ratio for PE calprotectin levels was 10.938 (95% CI [4.133 − 28.947]). The diagnostic performance of calprotectin concentration was better for predicting MPE compared to other individual parameters. Comparison of two assays showed a slope of 1.084, an intercept of 329.7, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.798. The Bland–Altman test showed a positive bias for the QB®sCAL method compared to ELISA fCAL®. Clinical concordance between both these methods was 88.5% with a Cohen kappa index of 0.76 (95% CI [0.68 − 0.84]). We concluded that QB®sCAL is a fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing MPE and represents an alternative to ELISA that could be implemented in medical emergencies.
Natal origin and migration pathways of Mekong catfish (Pangasius krempfi) using strontium isotopes and trace element concentrations in environmental water and otoliths
Authors: Tran Ngan Trong , Labonne Maylis , Chung Ming-Tsung , Wang Chia-Hui , Huang Kuo-Fang , Durand Jean-Dominique , Grudpan Chaiwut , Chan Bunyeth , Hoang Huy Duc , Panfili Jacques
Published: June 2021

To improve our knowledge of the migration pathway of a highly threatened fish species along the Mekong River, strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) and 18 trace element concentrations were measured in the water and in the otoliths of an anadromous catfish, Pangasius krempfi, to infer its natal origin and potential migration pathways. Water was sampled at 18 locations along the mainstream, tributaries and distributaries of the Mekong River. To check for accuracy and precision, measurements of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and trace element concentrations were then compared in two laboratories that use different analytical methods. Differences in trace element concentrations between locations were not significant and could not, therefore, be used to discriminate between migration pathways. However, the Mekong mainstream, tributaries and distributaries could all be discriminated using Sr isotopes. The 87Sr/86Sr profiles recorded in P. krempfi otoliths showed that there were three contingents with obligate freshwater hatching and variable spawning sites along the Mekong mainstream, from Phnom Penh (Cambodia) to Nong Khai (Thailand) or further. After hatching, the fish migrated more or less rapidly to the Mekong Delta and then settled for most of their lifetime in brackish water. Spawning habitats and migration routes may be threatened by habitat shifts and the increasing number of hydropower dams along the river, especially the contingents born above Khone Falls (Laos). The conservation of P. krempfi, as well as other migratory fish in the Mekong River, requires agreements, common actions and management by all countries along the Mekong River. This study highlighted the importance of using both Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr ratios to understand life history of anadromous fishes as the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the water was shown to be less effective than the Sr/Ca ratio in identifying movements between different saline areas.
Do oral contraceptives affect young women’s memory? Dopamine-dependent working memory is influenced by COMT genotype, but not time of pill ingestion
Authors: Gravelsins Laura , Duncan Katherine , Einstein Gillian
Published: June 2021

Background

Despite the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs), and the well-documented influence of estrogens, notably 17β-estradiol (E2), on cognition, research relating OCs to working memory is limited and mixed. Two factors may contribute to these mixed findings: 1) pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, which drive fluctuations in synthetic hormone levels; and 2) genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine degradation and working memory, which interact with E2. This research investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, in concert with the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val158Met; rs4680) of the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT), influence working memory performance.

Methods

University-age women taking and not taking OCs were tested for working memory and genotyped for COMT. If they were not taking OCs (n = 62), sessions occurred in the early follicular (low E2) and late follicular (high E2) phase. If they were taking OCs (n = 52), sessions occurred 1–2 hours after (high ethinyl estradiol, EE) and ~24 hours after (low EE) pill ingestion. Working memory was tested using the N-back, AX-CPT, Digit Span, and Digit Ordering Tasks. Data were analyzed using multilevel models with estrogen condition, COMT, and group as predictors, controlling for mood and practice effects.

Results

For women taking OCs, time of pill ingestion did not influence performance. However, the subgroup with COMT val/val (low dopamine) were less accurate on 2-back lure trials than those with COMT met/met (high dopamine). For women not taking OCs, cycle phase moderated COMT’s influence on lure accuracy. When compared, women taking OCs had higher AX-CPT proactive control indices than those not taking OCs.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that oral contraceptives are not detrimental for young women’s working memory and that they may increase proactive control. The more pronounced effects of COMT in women taking OCs suggests that, in women taking OCs, suppressed endogenous E2–not fluctuating EE levels–may be more relevant for working memory. Future studies are needed to differentiate effects of endogenous versus synthetic estrogens on working memory.
Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmed Ayan , Ruiz Manuel J. , Cohen Kadosh Kathrin , Patton Robert , Resurrección Davinia M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion.

Results

A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory.

Conclusions

The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use.
What predicts the early sexual debut among unmarried adolescents (10–19 years)? Evidence from UDAYA survey, 2015–16
Authors: Muhammad T. , Srivastava Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Patel Sangram Kishor
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The societal norm in India is such that adolescents are expected to respect and follow traditional values and view early sexual debut as undesirable and deviant from the social mores. However, a dramatic shift in attitudes towards sex before marriage has been observed in India. We in this study, aim to study the factors associated with early sexual debut among unmarried adolescents.

Materials and methods

The study used data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey conducted in 2016 with 15,388 adolescents aged 10–19 years from two Indian states. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associated factors.

Results

Adolescent boys (9%) were more prone to early sexual debut compared to girls (4%). Both boys (17.2%) and girls (6%) who were school dropouts had significantly higher chances of early sexual debut. Boys who had rare [OR: 2.28; CI: 1.12–4.64] or frequent media exposure [OR: 2.70; CI: 1.36–5.32] were significantly more likely to report early sexual debut than those who had no media exposure. Further, the likelihood of early sexual debut was significantly higher among boys [OR: 3.01; CI: 2.34–3.87] and girls [OR: 1.87; CI: 1.12–3.12] who had exposure to pornography compared to their counterparts. The odds of early sexual debut were higher among boys [OR: 1.89; CI: 1.19–3.01] and girls [OR: 1.77; CI: 1.30–2.41] who had moderately-severe/severe depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions

The results highlight that Indian unmarried adolescents demand the appropriate knowledge to promote safer sexual behavior and lead a responsible and healthy lifestyle. The preventive efforts must be multifaceted with involvement at the individual and parental levels. Especially, interventions appear advantageous to be parents-focused emphasizing family life education that can prevent risky sexual behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. And the public programs should focus on sexual health promotion considering the physical and psychosocial changes during early ages of sex life.
Effect of number of medications and complexity of regimens on medication adherence and blood pressure management in hospitalized patients with hypertension
Authors: Wakai Eri , Ikemura Kenji , Kato Chika , Okuda Masahiro
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Good adherence of antihypertensives is recommended for the accomplishment of hypertension therapy. The number of medications and characteristics contributing to medication regimen complexity, such as dosage forms and dosing frequency, are known to influence medication adherence. However, the effect of medication regimen complexity on the therapeutic efficacy of medicines remains to be clarified. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the effect of number of medications and medication regimen complexity on medication adherence and therapeutic efficacy in patients with hypertension.

Methods

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,057 patients, who were on medications including antihypertensives on admission at the Mie University Hospital between July 2018 and December 2018, were enrolled in this study. Poor blood pressure management was defined if the systolic or diastolic blood pressure were ≥140 mmHg or ≥ 90 mmHg. Medication regimen complexity was quantified using the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) score.

Results

Among 1,057 patients, 164 and 893 patients were categorized into poor and good adherence groups, respectively. The multivariate analyses revealed that age ≥ 71 years and oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5 but not number of oral medications were extracted as risk factors for poor medication adherence. Medication adherence and blood pressure management were poor in the group with oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5, regardless of the age. The rate of readmission was similar.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to demonstrate that medication regimen complexity rather than number of medications is closely related to medication adherence and blood pressure management. Hence, physicians and/or pharmacists should consider the complexity of medication regimens while modifying them.
Association between tumor size and peritumoral brain edema in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas
Authors: Shin Chansub , Kim Jae Min , Cheong Jin Hwan , Ryu Je Il , Won Yu Deok , Ko Yong , Han Myung-Hoon
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose

Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is a common complication in meningioma and disruption of the tumor-brain barrier in meningioma is crucial for PTBE formation. To evaluate the association between meningioma size and PTBE, we measured meningioma volumes using the 3D slicer in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas.

Methods

Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off meningioma volume values for predicting PTBE occurrence. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios for PTBE occurrence in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas according to several predictive factors.

Results

A total of 205 convexity or parasagittal meningioma patients with no other brain disease who underwent one or more contrast-enhanced brain MRIs were enrolled in this 10-year analysis in two hospitals. The optimal cut-off meningioma volume value for prediction of PTBE in all study patients was 13.953 cc (sensitivity = 76.1%; specificity = 92.5%). If a meningioma is assumed to be a complete sphere, 13.953 cc is about 2.987 cm in diameter.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a cut-off value of 3 cm meningioma diameter for prediction of PTBE in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas. We believe that we have revealed why the meningioma diameter of 3 cm is clinically meaningful.
Performing arts as a health resource? An umbrella review of the health impacts of music and dance participation
Authors: McCrary J. Matt , Redding Emma , Altenmüller Eckart
Published: June 2021

An increasing body of evidence notes the health benefits of arts engagement and participation. However, specific health effects and optimal modes and ‘doses’ of arts participation remain unclear, limiting evidence-based recommendations and prescriptions. The performing arts are the most popular form of arts participation, presenting substantial scope for established interest to be leveraged into positive health outcomes. Results of a three-component umbrella review (PROSPERO ID #: CRD42020191991) of relevant systematic reviews (33), epidemiologic studies (9) and descriptive studies (87) demonstrate that performing arts participation is broadly health promoting activity. Beneficial effects of performing arts participation were reported in healthy (non-clinical) children, adolescents, adults, and older adults across 17 health domains (9 supported by moderate-high quality evidence (GRADE criteria)). Positive health effects were associated with as little as 30 (acute effects) to 60 minutes (sustained weekly participation) of performing arts participation, with drumming and both expressive (ballroom, social) and exercise-based (aerobic dance, Zumba) modes of dance linked to the broadest health benefits. Links between specific health effects and performing arts modes/doses remain unclear and specific conclusions are limited by a still young and disparate evidence base. Further research is necessary, with this umbrella review providing a critical knowledge foundation.
Renal allograft function in kidney transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV 2: An academic single center experience
Authors: Nahi Skylar L. , Shetty Aneesha A. , Tanna Sajal D. , Leventhal Joseph R.
Published: June 2021

Background

Kidney transplant recipients are a unique cohort in regard to SARS-CoV 2 susceptibility and clinical course, owing to their immunosuppressed state and propensity for kidney injury. The primary purpose of this study is to ascertain if, in kidney transplant recipients, SARS-CoV 2 infection impacts long term renal allograft function.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center study reviewed 53 kidney transplant recipients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR at NMH from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020.

Results

Change in eGFR from baseline kidney function prior to infection to 90 days after the first positive SARS-CoV 2 test was +1.76%, -17.5% and -23.16% the mild, moderate and severe disease groups respectively. There was a significant decline in kidney function in the moderate and severe disease cohorts as compared to the mild disease cohort, with respective p values of p = 0.0002 and p = 0.021. Relative to the mild disease cohort, the moderate and severe disease cohorts also demonstrated significantly increased risk of developing AKI (66%, 85%), both with p values of P = 0.0001.

Conclusions

Clinically severe SARS-CoV 2 infection is associated with greater risk of acute kidney injury and greater decline in renal allograft function at 90 days post infection, compared to mild disease.
The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal, John M. Clum (2014)
Authors: Gowland Gus
Published: June 2021

Review of: The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal, John M. Clum (2014)

New York: Cambria Press, 214 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60497-884-1, £66.99

Terrence McNally and Fifty Years of American Gay Drama, John M. Clum (2016)

New York: Cambria Press, 236 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60497-922-0, £69.99
Pal Joey: The History of a Heel, Julianne Lindberg (2020)
Authors: Jayasuriya Katy
Published: June 2021

Review of: Pal Joey: The History of a Heel, Julianne Lindberg (2020)

New York: Oxford University Press, 288pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19-005120-4, h/bk, £25.99
Mujeres trabajadoras: la subsistencia en el Buenos Aires del siglo XVIII
Authors: Gutiérrez Aguilera Mª Selina
Published: June 2021

En la sociedad colonial del Buenos Aires del siglo XVIII, existió una serie de mujeres a las que la historiografía tradicional no les ha dado el lugar que merecen: las mujeres trabajadoras. Este estudio pretende el análisis y la revaloración de estas féminas; también se plantea la existencia de una serie de redes de «solidaridad de género» entre mujeres que necesitadas de ayuda, dentro de las cuales las mujeres trabajadoras tuvieron un papel protagonista. Para ello, se toma como fuente el padrón que se levantó en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en 1744, pues arroja gran cantidad de información para entender este fenómeno tan complejo. Se hará un análisis exhaustivo examinando todos los modelos de mujeres trabajadoras que el padrón muestra, desde diversas perspectivas. Estas señoras constituyen un grupo muy heterogéneo, pues encontramos motivaciones laborales muy distintas: por encontrase agregadas, por ser esclavas, etc. Pero al mismo tiempo se pretende no perder de vista el papel, que junto al esfuerzo laboral de éstas, jugaron la caridad y la solidaridad como sostén para la supervivencia femenina en esta época.
La feminidad normativa y la violencia sexual en el III Reich. La deconstrucción de las identidades femeninas y la explotación sexual de las mujeres en los campos de concentración y exterminio
Authors: Beteta Martín Yolanda
Published: June 2021

El artículo ofrece una visión general de la violencia ejercida sobre las mujeres en los campos de concentración y exterminio nazis a través de los testimonios ofrecidos por las propias supervivientes. Las mujeres, por el simple de serlo, padecen un tipo de violencia específica que tiene una doble significación: política y simbólica. Por ello la violencia sexual deba ser analizada como una categoría de análisis propia que incorpore una perspectiva de género. El artículo se estructura en dos partes diferenciadas e interdependientes. En primer lugar y a modo de introducción se analiza el discurso nacionalsocialista acerca de su modelo de feminidad basado en los conceptos de maternidad y pureza racial. En segundo lugar, se estudia la adaptación de ese modelo de feminidad normativa a las políticas eugenésicas y raciales realizadas en los campos de concentración y exterminio. La investigación se ha focalizado mayoritariamente en la violencia sexual ejercida sobre las mujeres judías por la relevancia que el nacionalsocialismo concede a la «Solución Final».
Imagen y discurso del «Año Internacional de la Mujer» en la prensa regional murciana
Authors: Mora Bleda Esther
Published: June 2021

En este artículo analizo la conmemoración del «Año Internacional de la Mujer», en 1975, atendiendo a la imagen y discurso que el diario regional murciano, La Verdad, informa para dicho evento. Estructurado en tres apartados, en el primero presento y justifico el sujeto/objeto, el tema, la fuente y el período cronológico y la importancia historiográfica de los mismos. En el segundo apartado, se ubica la celebración del «Año Internacional de la Mujer» a nivel internacional y nacional, así como los motivos que justifican ésta conmemoración, los órganos seleccionados para la organización del evento y los enfoques desde los cuales fue planteado. Por último, se analiza la representación, imagen y discurso que la prensa recoge para este evento. En este punto se estudia la transcendentalidad y repercusión que tuvo para la sociedad «el año de la mujer» y como ésta percibió tanto desde la masculinidad como feminidad dicha conmemoración.
Democracia y plebe en Roma: análisis de las recientes interpretaciones sobre la constitución romana
Authors: Ijalba Pérez Pablo
Published: June 2021

El análisis del final de la República romana se ha visto condicionado durante mucho tiempo dentro de la historiografía por la obra de R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, y por la concepción elitista de la constitución romana. Recientemente, se han producido cambios respecto a esta visión tradicional, que han insistido en la existencia de un componente democrático en el sistema político romano. Se propone un análisis de estos nuevos planteamientos desde el punto de vista de la historiografía sobre la plebe romana.
Yugoslavia: entre el progreso y el abismo. Una aproximación a la posguerra en los márgenes de Europa
Authors: Alegre Lorenz David
Published: June 2021

En este artículo tratamos de mostrar la emergencia de la disidencia en el mundo cultural yugoslavo en los años 80 y las consecuencias derivadas de este hecho, siendo nuestro propósito fundamental ahondar en las construcciones memorísticas presentes en la literatura y el cine y las posibilidades que éstas ofrecen para la reconstrucción de algunos aspectos fundamentales del periodo inmediatamente posterior al año 1945. Este artículo parte de la convicción de que el análisis de la cultura mediante los instrumentos propios de la historiografía puede abrir una vía interesante para la comprensión de la historia en toda su complejidad. Justamente por ello lo que pretendemos no es un nuevo análisis global de cuestiones como la subida al poder del comunismo, sino entender cómo la gente corriente vivió y, más importante, sintió las fatales consecuencias de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y, como resultado de ésta, la subida al poder del comunismo. Para ello analizaremos sobre qué premisas se produjo la reconstrucción de la vida cotidiana durante la posguerra.
Analisis perbedaan kinerja perusahaan dan kinerja modal intelektual di Indonesia
Authors: Sugianto Lewi , Wijaya Hendra
Published: June 2021

Business development is needed to increase its competitive advantage. In business development, the companies can do a business combination through mergers and acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions are expected to improve intellectual capital performance. Apart from improving the performance of the company, it is also expected to increase their company performance. This study aims to examine and analyze difference in intellectual capital performance and company performance 1 year before and 1-4 years after mergers and acquisitions. The objects in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and do mergers and acquisitions in 2011-2014. The data analysis technique used is the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study found that mergers and acquisitions made the performance of intellectual capital and company performance decline. This is because when a company merges and admits, the management who manages cannot directly use the intellectual capital they have, but must study it in order to be able to use it. Therefore, it takes time to be able to synergize it so that the performance of intellectual capital will be better. The deteriorating performance of intellectual capital shows the added value that can be created by the company to make profits worse, which will make the company's performance also decreased.
SECURE CODE DESIGN PADA PEMROGRAMAN BERORIENTASI OBJEK DENGAN PENANGANAN PENGECUALIAN
Authors: N Rahmawati
Published: June 2021

Proses pengembangan perangkat lunak harus mengikuti tahapan tertentu yang disebut dengan Software Development Life Cycle atau (SDLC). Pada pengembangan perangkat lunak, yang belum nampak secara eksplisit pada SDLC adalah aspek keamanan. Keamanan seharusnya hadir pada setiap tahapan SDLC. Keamanan perangkat lunak bisa dimulai dari security requirement, secure design, secure coding, hingga pengujian. Tahapan coding merupakakan implementasi dari desain dalam bentuk kode. Programmer harus berhati-hati agar tidak ada lubang keamanan pada saat perangkat lunak dikembangkan. Membuat perangkat lunak yang aman dengan desain memerlukan pertimbangan pada bagiamana cara menangani kesalahan, terutama pada tahapan coding. Bahasa pemrograman Java yang memiliki sifat  mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan tipe data. Bahasa termasuk ke dalam pemrograman berorientasi objek. Pemrograman berorientasi objek merupakan teknik membuat suatu program berdasarkan objek dan hal yang bisa dilakukan oleh objek tersebut. Bahasa Java menyediakan fitur penanganan pengecualian, seperti pernyataan throw dan blok try-catch-finally.  Pada bahasa ini terdapat exception handling yaitu mekanisme penangan error yang mungkin terjadi dalam suatu program
Energy Levels of 50Ca Nucleus as a Function of the Classical Coupling Angle within MSDI
Authors: Hasan Ali Khalaf , Hameed Dalal Naji
Published: June 2021

In the construction of this kind of shell model, we take the residual interaction to be modified surface delta interaction MSDI. We have studied the excitation energies of the 50Ca a nucleus, which contain two neutrons outside closed shell of the 48Ca. Neutrons are in the model space pfpg. The energy levels and angular momentum of all possible cases were investigated. Thereby, we have effectively utilized a theoretical process to find link among the traditional coupling angle and energy levels at different orbital within neutron - neutron interaction. We observe the energy stages appear to follow two overall functions which depend on the classical coupling angles but are unconstrained of angular momentum I. We find out that our results agree with the experimental data.
Grandparents and the transmission of the faith and Christian lifestyle
Authors: CSONTOS LADISLAV
Published: June 2021

In the past the multigenerational housing was a necessity due to economic reasons. Young families were only gradually acquiring the means enabling them to become independent of their parents. Overall economic growth and progressive urbanisation have made it possible for young families to gain their independence much more quickly. However, from the perspective of the transmission of faith and Christian lifestyle, this development has broken the natural intergenerational continuity. Young families are often unable to transform the way they live their faith into an adequate lifestyle which used to be transmitted from generation to generation as a matter of course. The surveys on religiosity in Slovakia show the positive influence of grandparents on the transmission of faith. The most important persons in this area are mothers and grandmothers, while fathers and grandfathers' typical feature is their long-term nonparticipation in this process. Recently, we can observe a trend towards the renewal of multigenerational housing with a larger living area linking the autonomy of a nuclear family with its proximity to grandparents. Provided that both sides comply with mutually agreed rules regulating their coexistence and the use of common areas, such housing can be enriching for each of them.
Formacja laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim
Authors: Kurosz Jolanta
Published: June 2021

Formacja laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim wpisuje się w służebną rolę Kościoła. Jej celem jest pomoc w odkrywaniu drogi do świętości poprzez realizację powołania. Aspekt duchowy, doktrynalny, znajomość nauki społecznej Kościoła i przygotowanie do apostolstwa to ważne wymiary tej działalności. W środowisku uniwersyteckim dochodzi do spotkania kultury i wiary. Konieczność formacji laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim wynika ze specyfiki tego środowiska oraz dokonujących się przemian społeczno-gospodarczych.
Development and psychometric analysis of an inventory of fundamental concepts for understanding organic reaction mechanisms
Authors: Nedungadi Sachin , Mosher Michael D. , Paek Sue Hyeon , Hyslop Richard M. , Brown Corina E.
Published: June 2021

The fundamental concepts for organic reaction mechanisms inventory (FC-ORMI) is a multiple-choice instrument designed to assess students’ conception of fundamental concepts for understanding organic reaction mechanisms. The concepts were identified from open-ended interviews and a national survey of organic chemistry instructors reported in a previous study. This manuscript describes the development of the inventory items related to these identified concepts and the psychometric analysis of the instrument. In the developmental stage, open-ended questions were administered to first-semester organic chemistry students (N = 138), and open-ended interviews were conducted with students (N = 22) from the same pool to gain insight into their thought processes. The answers revealed alternate conceptions which were used to formulate distractors for the inventory. A pilot version and a beta version of the inventory were administered to 105 and 359 first-semester organic chemistry students, respectively. From these administrations, the 26-item alpha version was developed and administered to first-semester undergraduate organic chemistry students (N = 753). Psychometric analysis was conducted at the item and test level using Classical Test Theory and Rasch analysis. The results indicate that the items on the FC-ORMI function well to reveal students’ alternate conceptions. The instrument meets the acceptable standards of validity and reliability for concept inventories.
Hurricanes as a Call to Remember
Authors: Mattson LD
Published: June 2021

Growing up in Florida as a queer subject, I bounced from disaster to disaster. The annual hurricane season reminds me of this vulnerability, despite my racial and class privilege to background my precarity. Through reflection, the hurricane brings me home. In this autoethnography of queer survival, I approach identity disclosure as a process of negotiation and regulation. With ecological and queer temporalities, I explore the elemental interconnections of identity, space, and time. Further, the concept of queer ecological temporality expands the present moment to encompass disasters both past and future in an era of political and climate uncertainty.
Spaces and Places
Authors: Menzies Alisha L.
Published: June 2021

This essay is an autoethnographic account of the ways Black cultural performance, specifically Black social dance, works to produce and maintain Black cultural space in predominantly white spaces. I consider the significance of the “City Boy Wit It” song and dance as an expression of Black identity that marks Blackness in Tampa, FL. By framing my personal experiences through a discussion of Black identity and Black space, I critically examine larger issues of Black performativity and Black cultural spaces.
Professional Wrestling in a Time of Social Distancing
Authors: Oglesby Brooks
Published: June 2021

This essay offers a layered account of professional wrestling training in Florida in the months surrounding both WrestleMania 36 and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These events draw attention to the necessity of performing bodies in the production of professional wrestling shows and the compounded somatic risks implicit in carrying out such performances. I situate the wrestler’s laboring body as a primary site of production, complicated by the risk of sharing the wrestling ring amid calls for social distancing.
Variability analysis of ABS solid fuel manufactured by fused deposition modeling for hybrid rocket motors
Authors: Urrego Jose Alejandro , Rojas Fabio Arturo , Muñoz Jaime Roberto
Published: June 2021

The process of fused deposition material (FDM) was used to manufacture propellant grains of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) as novel rocket fuel grain, with three types of geometry in the burning port. These solid fuel grains were used to measure the typical characteristics of combustion in rocket motors such as thrust and pressure inside the combustion chamber, seeking to obtain preliminary characteristics of operation and analyze the effect of combustion port geometry on pressure and thrust, using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) as statistical method. Two of the three geometries were manufactured with a helical-finocyl configuration, specially designed to be fabricated by Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), the other one was a straight-bore geometry also by DDM. This characterization experiment was performed on a static hybrid rocket engine, designed to inject 99.98% pure nitrous oxide into a combustion chamber with capacity to withstand 6.9 MPa of pressure, with an easy-to-exchange nozzle, avoiding erosive behavior in the throat. Statistical analyses made with the ABS fuel grains, suggest a significant effect on rocket motor pressure and thrust, due to helical geometric changes made to the combustion port of solid fuel grains made by FDM manufacture process.
Application of cellulosic fiber in soil erosion mitigation: Prospect and challenges
Authors: Syakir M. I. , Al Manasir Yazan , Nor Ashikin Nurin Syahindah Syasya , Yusuff Shaiful , Zuknik Mark , Abdul Khalil H. P. S.
Published: June 2021

The agricultural industry is one of the main economic contributors in developing countries, especially in tropical regions. Extensive land clearing has led to severe erosion within the watersheds, which increases the vulnerability of water catchments to natural disasters, such as floods. Cellulosic fibers, such as jute, sisal, kenaf, hemp, and coir, are gaining increasing worldwide attention for their potential application in controlling soil erosion, principally due to their remarkable biodegradable and physical properties. Nonetheless, the research on biocomposites in controlling soil erosion is limited compared to the natural fibers. This is perhaps due to poor availability and high cost of biodegradable polymers compared to natural fibers, which are abundant and inexpensive. Poor adhesive interactions between the matrix and natural fibers due to the hydrophilic characteristic of the fibers is another major drawback that limits the development of biocomposites for controlling soil erosion.
Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp
Authors: Amani Bishehgah Naghmeh , Vaysi Ramin , Kiaei Majid , Najafi Abdollah , Ebadi Seyed Eshagh
Published: June 2021

The present research aims to shed light on the effect of activated sludge (from a paper mill) and nanochitosan on the physical and strength properties of recycled pulp. Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the ingredients were mixed and refined with recycled newsprint pulp in different proportions (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Finally, 2% nanochitosan was optionally added. Test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standards with a basis weight of 120 g/m2, and their physical (water absorption) and strength (tear strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and ring crush test) properties were measured and compared. The results showed that with the increase of untreated activated sludge in recycled paper pulp, the indicators of tear resistance, ring crush test, and burst strength decreased and water absorption increased. Strength properties increased and water adsorption decreased when adding activated sludge treated with 3% acetic acid. Through the addition of nanochitosan to activated sludge treated with acetic acid, a significant increase in strength properties and a decrease in water absorption were observed.
Cellulose, nanocellulose, and antimicrobial materials for the manufacture of disposable face masks: A review
Authors: Garcia Rosilei A. , Stevanovic Tatjana , Berthier Joëlle , Njamen Guy , Tolnai Balázs , Achim Alexis
Published: June 2021

Cellulose is among the most promising renewable and biodegradable materials that can help meet the challenge of replacing synthetic fibers currently used in disposable N95 respirators and medical face masks. Cellulose also offers key functionalities that can be valued in filtration applications using approaches such as nanofiltration, membrane technologies, and composite structures, either through the use of nanocellulose or the design of functional composite filters. This paper presents a review of the structures and compositions of N95 respirators and medical face masks, their properties, and regulatory standards. It also reviews the use of cellulose and nanocellulose materials for mask manufacturing, along with other (nano)materials and composites that can add antimicrobial functionality to the material. A discussion of the most recent technologies providing antimicrobial properties to protective masks (by the introduction of natural bioactive compounds, metal-containing materials, metal-organic frameworks, inorganic salts, synthetic polymers, and carbon-based 2D nanomaterials) is presented. This review demonstrates that cellulose can be a solution for producing biodegradable masks from local resources in response to the high demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and for producing antimicrobial filters to provide greater protection to the wearer and the environment, reducing cross-contamination risks during use and handling, and environmental concerns regarding disposal after use.
PRECEDENTIAL INTERTEXT IN THE POEM “THE GRAND INQUISITOR”
Authors: Dergacheva Irina
Published: June 2021

The poem "The Grand Inquisitor" is part of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov," written by Ivan Karamazov about Christian freedom of will and told by him to his brother Alyosha, who rightly perceived it as an Orthodox theodicy. The article presents an intertextual analysis of the precedent texts used by F. M. Dostoevsky in the poem "The Grand Inquisitor". In particular, the meanings of direct quotations from the New Testament, especially its last book, the Revelation of John the Theologian, and the translated apocrypha "The Walking of the Virgin in Torment" are interpreted; medieval Western European mysteries in the paraphrase of V. Hugo; poetic quotations from the works of A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky, F. I. Tyutchev, which linked together the axiological concepts of the narrative text. Appeals to the precedent texts of world literature contribute to the disclosure of the multifaceted symbolism of the poem, which glorifies the spiritual freedom of humanity as an act of faith, and help to generalize and deepen its axiological discourse. The author analyzes the speech and behavioral tactics of the Grand Inquisitor, based on the substitution of concepts characteristic of the techniques of "black rhetoric". In contrast to the Grand Inquisitor's distortion of cause-and-effect relations and the concepts of good and evil, and his denial of the idea of Christian freedom, direct and indirect quoting of texts that have become part of the heritage of world culture creates a text rich in axiological meanings, designed to influence the spiritual space of the reader, enriching it and orienting it to the correct understanding of eternal truths.
Effects of silica cluster size and charge state on integral characteristics
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gun’ko V. M.
Published: June 2021

The model sizes of solid particles as well as used quantum chemical methods can affect results of calculations with density functional theory (DFT) methods. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the silica cluster sizes, a number of bound water molecules, protonation and deprotonation of silanols, addition of Eigen cation alone or solvated, attachment of anions F- and Cl- alone or solvated, and whole solvation effects (with SMD) with the DFT calculations using a functional ωB97X-D with the cc-pVDZ basis set. The calculations of the distribution functions of atom charges (CDF), chemical shifts of the proton resonance (SDF), and integral density of electron states (IDES) show that small clusters with 8 or 22 (SiO4/2) units could give rather inappropriate results in contrast to larger clusters with 44 or 88 units. This is due to the fact that the small silica clusters do not have appropriate capability for delocalization of excess charges that leads to certain distortion of the electron states of the whole system. The IDES are more sensitive with respect to the cluster charging and less sensitive to the solvation effects than the CDF and SDF. As a whole, the use of several types of the distribution functions, such as integral characteristics with the CDF, SDF, and IDES, allows one to obtain a more detailed picture on the interfacial phenomena at silica surface for neutral and charged systems.
Creation of bilateral structures of macroporous silicon with nanocoatings for solar cells
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Karachevtseva L. A. , Kartel M. T. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bo Wang ,   Ningbo University of Technology China, Lytvynenko O. O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Karas M. I. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Onyshchenko V. F. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

We have proposed a new technological solution for the creation of solar energy elements using bilateral structures of macroporous silicon to increase the overall efficiency of converting light energy into electricity. Recently, the research on R&D in solar cell technology has focused mainly on crystalline silicon technologies and photovoltaic systems, including organic ones. The main physical phenomenon that determines the prospects of two-dimensional structures of macroporous silicon with nanocoatings as solar cells is the increase in absorption of electromagnetic radiation and photoconductivity as a result of interaction of optical modes with the developed surface of cylindrical macropores with a barrier on the nanocoating-surface boundary. We fabricated two-sided macroporous silicon structures with nanocoatings for solar cells, including silicon technology, organic nanoformations, and photovoltaic system formation. Silicon is a promising material for the manufacture of structures with a cylindrical geometry of air macropores due to the anisotropy of the cheap process of photoelectrochemical etching. The presence of periodically located cylindrical pores separated by silicon columns provides a large effective surface of the samples and enhanced optical and photophysical characteristics of silicon structures. Polymer composites with nanocoatings with CdS nanocrystals and multilayer carbon nanotubes in polyethyleneimine generate charges of opposite sign on both surfaces of the structures under illumination. The formation of bilateral structures of macroporous silicon with nanocoatings increases the overall energy conversion efficiency in solar cells by up to 60 %. In addition, one can use our proposed solar cells in the upper atmosphere.