bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concerning the Application of the Q Cycle to Electron Transport in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Prabhu Aadi , Cramer William
Published: October 2023

A working concept for the regulation of electron transport in oxygenic photosynthesis is that the electron transfer rate between the two photosystems, PSI and PSII, is governed by a ‘Q-cycle’ pathway operating in the electron transport chain which connects the two ‘reaction center’ complexes. The ‘Q-cycle’ concept was initially inferred from studies on mitochondrial electron transport. This concept has been assumed to be relevant to the electron transport pathways operating in oxygenic photosynthesis, with the majority of studies done on chloroplasts or thylakoid membranes The present study examines the existence and properties of a putative ‘Q-cycle’ in cyanobacteria. Light-induced spectral changes associated with cytochrome redox reactions in intact cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. corresponded to the oxidation-reduction of cytochrome f. A correlated reduction of heme b6 was, however, not observed. The absence of significant cytochrome b reduction might be considered inconsistent with the set of electron transfer events associated conceptually with a ‘Q-cycle’ model of the electron transfer events in the chain. However, because heme b6 in the intact cyanobacteria is mostly reduced, it is not observable as a net electron acceptor of the plastoquinol or semiquinone formed by electron transfer from photosystem II. The redox environment of intact cyanobacteria in the dark resting state has an ambient potential sufficiently reducing that the ‘Q-cycle’ pathway for electron transport, well studied and characterized for function in isolated thylakoid membranes or chloroplasts, is not observed. This apparent quandary’ is a consequence of the reducing (negative potential) intracellular redox environment of cyanobacteria, which imposes a reduced state on the b-hemes, thereby preventing observation of their light-induced reduction.
Systematic identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp
Authors: Zarske Michael , Luu Huong Quynh , Deneke Carlus , Knüver Marie-Theres , Thieck Maja , Ha Hoang Thi Thu , Bretschneider Nancy , Ngoc Pham Thi , Huber Ingrid , Stingl Kerstin
Published: October 2023

Background Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis and a high priority antibiotic resistant bacterium according to the World Health Organization (WHO). European monitoring of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. does not reflect the global burden of resistances already circulating within the bacterial population worldwide.
Methods We systematically compared whole genome sequencing with comprehensive phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility, analyzing 494 thermotolerant Campylobacter poultry isolates from Vietnam and Germany. Any discrepancy was checked by repeating the wet lab and improving the dry lab part. Selected isolates were additionally analyzed via long-read Oxford Nanopore technology, leading to closed chromosomes and plasmids.
Results Overall, 22 different resistance genes and gene variants (e. g. erm(B), aph(3’)-IIIa, aph(2'')-If, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4) and point mutations in three distinct genes (gyrA, 23S rRNA, rpsL) associated with AMR were present in the Campylobacter isolates. Two AMR genes were missing in the database and one falsely associated with resistance. Bioinformatic analysis based on short-read data partly failed to identify tet(O) and aadE, when the genes were present as duplicate or homologous gene variants. Intriguingly, isolates also contained different determinants, redundantly conferring resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and lincomycin. We found a novel inactive tet(W) and analysis based on assemblies from short-read data was impaired to identify full-length aad9, which was apparently phase variable. One German isolate contained a yet unexplained gentamicin resistance. GyrT86I led to a rare atypical phenotype of ciprofloxacin resistance but nalidixic acid sensitivity. Long-read sequencing revealed AMR gene localization occasionally on plasmids but mainly on the chromosome, which was frequently inconsistent with predictions from short-read sequencing. AMR genes were often organized in multidrug resistance islands (MDRI) and partially located in proximity to transposase genes, suggesting main mobilization of resistance determinants via natural transformation and transposition in Campylobacter.
Conclusions The revealed gaps of knowledge suggest consideration of frequent duplicate and mosaic genes, gene mutations leading to (transiently) truncated proteins and gene variants missing in databases. Furthermore, there is a need for deciphering yet unknown resistance mechanisms and resistance spread in thermotolerant Campylobacter that may pose a challenge to global food safety.
Space-time clustering of seismic events in Chile using ST-DBSCAN-EV algorithm
Authors: Nicolis Orietta , Delgado Luis , Peralta Billy , Diaz Mailiu , Chiodi Marcello
Published: October 2023

Chile is one of the most seismic countries in the world especially due to the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South America plate along the Chilean cost. Normally, the spatial distribution of seismic events tends to form spatial and temporal clusters around the main event including both precursor and aftershock events. However, it is very difficult to identify whether an event is a precursor, a main event or an aftershock. In the literature, only some large earthquakes are well described but it does not exist an automatic method to classify them. In this work, we propose a new density based clustering method, called ST- DBSCAN-EV (Space-time DBSCAN with Epsilon Variable), which allows the Epsilon parameter (the radius) to vary depending on the density of the points. The results of the ST-DBSCAN-EV are validated on three important earthquakes with magnitude greater than 8.0 Mw occurred in Chile in the last 20 years, by carrying out a series of experiments considering different combinations of parameters. A comparison with some traditional clustering techniques such as the DBSCAN, ST-DBSCAN, and the K-Means has been implemented for assessing the performance of the proposed method. Almost in all cases ST-DBSCAN-EV outperformed traditional ones by providing an F1-Score metric higher than 0.8. Finally, the results of classification are compared with a declustering method.
Use of e-modules to increase awareness and utilization of preconception care services in adolescents: a study Implementation of the technology acceptance model theory
Authors: Ani Luh Seri , Utami Ni Wayan Arya , Darmay I. G.A.Sri , Mogi I. K.A. , Mertasari Luh , Ds Ni Kadek Ayu Dwi Utami , Sumiati Luh Nyoman
Published: October 2023

Education about PHS with online methods through e-modules is known to be more flexible than face-to-face methods. However, the use of e-modules in raising awareness and utilization of PHS in adolescents has not been proven. This study aims to explore the role of e-modules in increasing awareness and utilization of PHS in adolescents. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Sidemen Karangasem District, Bali, Indonesia. Exploration of the use of e-modules in adolescents using the concept of acceptance model theory. The informants in this study were selected by a purposive method consisting of adolescents, parents of adolescents, heads of community health centers, obstetrics and gynecology specialists, and information technology experts. The criteria for included informants are willing to be interviewed and coordinated when collecting data. Data were collected by in-depth interview method at the residence of each informant. The interview was conducted for ± 30 minutes/informant. The interview data were analyzed by thematic methods. Based on the results of interviews, it was found that adolescents' perceptions of PHS are by the technology acceptance model theory. Adolescent perceptions are grouped into 4 themes, namely adolescent awareness of preconception health, intention of use, perception of use, and perceived usefulness towards the use of PHS. The sub-themes of the results of this study consist of new information, preparation for healthy pregnancy from adolescents, embarrassment to visit, negative stigma, easy service procedures, available online services, and perceptions of the benefits of prevention efforts. The preconception health e-module increases awareness and utilization of PHS for adolescents. This study suggests using e-modules to expand the reach of education about PHS in adolescents.
Structural relationship of the Social-Ecological factors and Psychological factors on Physical activity
Authors: Sabo Abdulwali , Kuan Garry , Kueh Yee Cheng
Published: October 2023

The present study examines the mediating effect of psychological factors in the structural relationships between social and physical environmental factors and the amount of physical activity among undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The sample consisted of 422 students with a mean age of 20.2 years (SD = 1.27). The majority of the students were female (69.7%) and Malay (81.3%). Standardized scales were used to measure the total amount of physical activity and all the study variables. The final SEM final had a good fit to the data: CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.948, SRMR = 0.036, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.046 (0.025, 0.065), RMSEA p-value = 0.609 with 11 paths relationships. Family support had a significant effect on perceived benefits and perceived barriers. The effect of friend support on physical activity was significantly mediated by perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and psychological needs satisfaction. The effect of the availability of exercise facilities on physical activity was significantly mediated by perceived benefits and psychological needs satisfaction. Furthermore, psychological needs satisfaction mediated the effect of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy on physical activity. The study findings illustrated that the application of the social-ecological model and psychological factors is important in order to understand and promote positive physical activity behaviour.
Unilateral serous macular detachment and cystoid macular edema following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Sadr Navid Elmi , Hariri Ramyar
Published: October 2023

Objective
To report a case of unilateral serous macular detachment accompanying cystoid macular edema following the second dose of vaccination for COVID-19.
Methods
Case report.
Case description
: A 67-year-old male presented with progressive vision loss in his left eye, seven days after receiving the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV, Sinopharm). Fundus examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed serous macular detachment with cystoid macular edema in the left eye. The patient’s best-corrected visual acuity improved dramatically, and macular detachment and cystoid macular edema resolved significantly within ten days, without any treatment.
Conclusion
Transient serous macular detachment accompanying cystoid macular edema may have an association with Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination. Despite this, vaccination against COVID-19 is strongly recommended.
Spatial distribution and determinants of limited access to drinking water and sanitation services of households in India
Authors: Roy Chandan
Published: October 2023

Good health and well-being require safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities. Lack of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities poses serious health risks. There are few studies based on the NFHS-5 data in the literature. Therefore, the present study used the NFHS-5 data to investigate the spatial distribution of limited access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in India. The Stata version 14.1 software was used for statistical analysis and Arc Map 10.4 was used for spatial analysis. A binary logistic regression model was applied to investigate the association between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence of limited access to drinking water and sanitation facilities was higher in Madhya Pradesh (12.28%) and Manipur (22.65%), respectively. Besides, the spatial distribution of limited access to drinking water and sanitation facilities was spatially clustered among a few central and western Indian states. In the binary logistic regression, education, wealth index, and place of residence were significantly associated with limited drinking water and sanitation services. There is regional heterogeneity in drinking water and sanitation services. With this in mind, we suggest spatially optimized target-oriented policy measures in unprivileged areas. Improving the water distribution networks and construction of sanitation facilities is also recommended.
Citrus Waste Valorization for Value Added Product Production
Authors: Duhan Lucky , Kumari Deepika , Pasrija Ritu
Published: October 2023

With the growing population, resource production and utilization, including
citrus fruit consumption, have amplified tremendously. Citrus foods include sweet
orange, sweet blood orange, tangerine, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and Seville orange.
Industrial processing of citrus fruits is done to produce various end products like juice
concentrates, jams, jellies, sweets, candies, marmalades, and ice creams, which
simultaneously produce tons of peels and waste as well. Like all industrial waste
dumping, the negligent discard of citrus waste has legal repercussions. Therefore, the
global treatment seems to be a virtuous option, which results in improved earnings,
thereby ultimately reducing the reprocessing expenditure.
Conversely, despite the low cost, citrus waste management and valorization still have
not reached a virtue that makes it an ideal candidate. Valorization technically refers to
the process of industrial recycling or waste composting into commercially valuable
products. To fix the citrus wast essential to understand the various ways to recycle and
manage the left-over better. This requires research and knowledge of different
techniques involved in the commercial utilization of citrus waste for the production of
various components, counting-essential oils, flavonoids, pectin, enzymes, ethanol and
methane etc., along with the applications of these bioactive components in various
ventures. This study summarizes the bioactive components obtained from citrus foods
and their possible industrial utilization. 
Waste Valorization Technologies for Egg and Broiler Industries
Authors: Thomas Jithin , Sunil Sruthi
Published: October 2023

The poultry industry is one of the fastest-growing markets at the global
level. As the industry expands, the solid waste generated from the poultry sector
increases. However, a large amount of waste are generated in poultry farms which
needs proper management and disposal to avoid many serious issues like
environmental pollution, the spread of diseases due to pathogens residing in the waste
as well as breeding of flies and rodents near the waste. Several methods are
implemented for the proper utilization and disposal of residues produced in the farms.
The methodology used for management varies widely based on many factors like the
type of waste generated, nutritional value, and potential hazards to humans and the
environment. The techniques adapted for utilization or disposal of the waste generated
have evolved from simple conventional methods to highly advanced and more reliable
methods (Pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and catalytic pyrolysis), which are practiced
increasingly nowadays, especially in large-scale poultry farms. Many projects and
research are being held to improvise waste management techniques in the coming
years. The appropriate processing, utilization and disposal of waste and its by-products
are important to prevent unwanted side effects and increase the pecuniary output. 
Induction Resistance in Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) to the Geminivirus Disease by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Saidi Aluna Utilma , Martosudiro Mintarto , Abadi Abdul Latief
Published: October 2023

This study included resistance induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens PGPR in chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) infected with Geminivirus. Geminivirus often attacks chili plants, causing disease with a yellowish color to the leaves, lobes, and stunting. Chili plants that have been attacked by the virus will experience crop failure and plant death. Virus prevention can be done with the application of PGPR by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The method used was 6 treatments on chili plants which were repeated 4 times. The analysis of variance was processed using R software. The results showed that cayenne pepper plants that were given the PGPR application had a shorter incubation period against Geminivirus attacks. Each concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens has a mean incubation period that is not significantly different. The results also showed that there was a significant difference in the intensity of the disease that attacked the cayenne pepper plant. The application of 107 Pseudomonas fluorescens showed the most optimal results for phenol content, plant height, and number of plant leaves. The application of 109 Pseudomonas fluorescens showed optimal results for the content of IAA and the content of the peroxidase enzyme.
Caracterización multivariada de la faena en pollos para carne, criados bajo diferentes densidades de alojamiento
Authors: Gallard Eliana , Menichelli Marcela , Di Masso Ricardo , Revidatti Fernando
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar mediante un enfoque multivariado fuentes de variancia para los caracteres productivos a la faena en pollos broiler machos y hembras criados bajo dos densidades de alojamiento. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en una granja comercial del noreste de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se alojaron 54.000 pollos Cobb500® de un día de edad en lotes mixtos, en dos galpones oscurecidos de ventilación forzada. Se ensayaron dos densidades de alojamiento: densidad estándar (14 pollos/m2 = 29.000 aves) habitualmente utilizada en la granja y densidad reducida (12 pollos/m2 = 25.

000 aves). Las aves se faenaron a los 41 días y se evaluó el peso limpio (PL), el rendimiento de la canal (RC), de pata-muslo (RPM) y de pechuga (RP) y la proporción de grasa (PG). Los datos de las cinco variables se analizaron en forma conjunta, para cada sexo por separado, con la técnica multivariada de componentes principales. Las dos primeras componentes principales (CP1 y CP2) explicaron el 79 % de la variancia total de los datos correspondientes a los machos y el 81 % de los datos de las hembras. CP1 se asoció principalmente con el peso limpio y el rendimiento de la canal y CP2 con el rendimiento de pechuga y pata-muslo y la proporción de grasa abdominal. Los pollos alojados con mayor densidad presentaron mayor rendimiento de la canal, debido, en parte, a la mayor proporción de grasa acumulada en el abdomen, como consecuencia de su crecimiento a un peso final más bajo lo que implica diferencias en el balance energético.
Cocreation to Facilitate Communication and Collaboration Between Multidisciplinary Stakeholders in eHealth Research and Development: Case Study of the CARRIER (Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Estimations and Interventions for Prevention and Early Detection) Consortium
Authors: Latuapon Elizabeth , Hochstenbach Laura , Mahr Dominik , Scheenstra Bart , Kietselaer Bas , Spreeuwenberg Marieke
Published: October 2023

Background

Collaboration with diverse stakeholders in eHealth research is fundamental yet complex. Stakeholders from various disciplines do not “speak the same language” and have different levels of power and interest, resulting in contrasting objectives, priorities, and expectations. An approach to constructive communication and collaboration is necessary to overcome this complex dynamic. Cocreation, known in the field of eHealth most often to involve end users, may also be suitable for facilitating stakeholder engagement and alignment.

Objective

This paper provides insights into the application of cocreation, specifically in the early phases of research that focus on involving and aligning relevant stakeholders from different academic and professional backgrounds.

Methods

The case for this study was a group discussion with members of a multidisciplinary consortium that works on developing a personalized eHealth intervention for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Using stakeholder mapping, health and medicine experts, big data scientists, software developers, and an innovation manager (N=8) were invited to participate. The discussion was based on a user scenario and structured according to the Six Thinking Hats of de Bono, representing 6 different types of thinking. The discussion was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically with the use of ATLAS.ti software.

Results

First, informative and intuitive thinking served the preparatory purpose of familiarization with the project details and other participants. Second, positive and critical thinking constituted the body of the discussion and resulted in an in-depth conversation. Third, creative and organizational thinking were action oriented and focused on solutions and planning to safeguard future progress. The participants repeatedly reflected on various intervention-related themes, ranging from intervention content to technical functionalities and from legal requirements to implementation in practice. Moreover, project-related matters were discussed, including stakeholder management and time and budget constraints.

Conclusions

This paper demonstrates how cocreation can be of value for multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement and alignment. Based on stakeholder mapping (with whom to discuss), a dream user scenario (what to discuss), and the Six Thinking Hats of de Bono (how to discuss), the participants shared information, discussed differences, searched for solutions, and moved toward a collective approach regarding intervention development. The lessons learned may further improve the understanding of how cocreation can contribute to multidisciplinary collaboration.
Digital Support Systems to Improve Child Health and Development in Peru: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hartinger Pena Stella Maria , Mäusezahl Daniel , Jäggi Lena , Aguilar Leonel , Alvarado Llatance Milagros , Castellanos Andreana , Huaylinos Bustamante Maria-Luisa , Hinckley Kristen , Charles McCoy Dana , Zhang Ce , Fink Günther
Published: October 2023

Background

Children living in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at greater risk for experiencing adversities that can undermine their health and early development. Recently launched digital early childhood development (ECD) programs attempt to support families with young children in their home environments using digital technologies. However, relatively little is known regarding the effectiveness of these new technologies.

Objective

The goal of this study is to rigorously assess the reach, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of a newly developed digital ECD platform called Afini. The Afini platform was designed to support parents of young children in low-resource settings to improve ECD and interact with caregivers through messenger services and a chatbot.

Methods

This is a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. In total, 2471 caregivers and their 3- to 9-month-old children were enrolled in the study across 164 study clusters in the San Marcos, Cajabamba, and Cajamarca provinces of Peru. Clusters of participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a control group (72 community clusters and 980 caregiver-child dyads), a home visit intervention group (20 community clusters and 316 caregiver-child dyads), and an Afini intervention group (72 community clusters and 1175 caregiver-child dyads). Families in the control group receive no focused ECD intervention. The home visit group is receiving biweekly home visits by a trained field staff following the national ECD program (Programa Nacional Cuna Más) curriculum and training guidelines. Caregivers in the Afini group are receiving ECD activities and advice through the digital platform. The primary study outcome is children’s overall development at the age of 2.5 years, using the internationally validated long form of the Global Scales for Early Development. Secondary outcomes include caregiver engagement; caregiver mental health; screen time; as well as caregiver reports of children’s motor, cognitive, language, and socioemotional development measured through locally piloted and validated tools.

Results

Enrollment started in September 2021 and ended in March 2023. Endline assessments will take place between August 2023 and September 2024.

Conclusions

This study is, to our knowledge, the first to rigorously assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital ECD technologies in LMICs. Given the large number of children in LMICs currently receiving only limited external support, the evaluated platform has the potential to improve the short- and long-term well-being of millions of children and their parents globally.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05202106; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05202106

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/50371
The Effects of Reinforcement Techniques in Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Protocol for a Web-Based Survey, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xie Yunhui , Wen Jun , Zhu Hongmei , Liu Yanjun
Published: October 2023

Background

The effects of reinforcement are still controversial in bariatric surgery, and variations may exist in using this technique.

Objective

This protocol describes a study that aims to survey the views of bariatric surgeons on reinforcement techniques and evaluate the effects of applying reinforcement techniques in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods

This study is composed of 2 parts. Part 1 will investigate the differences of using reinforcement techniques among surgeons worldwide who perform SG or RYGB through a survey. The survey will be conducted by email and social media. Part 2 will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using omentopexy or staple line reinforcement in SG and RYGB by systematic review and meta-analysis. In this part, literature searches will be performed in English databases, including CENTRAL, EMBASE CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed, and Chinese databases, including Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Database of Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Chinese Biological Medicine, from their establishment to November 2023. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcomes are rates of postoperative bleeding and gastric leakage. The secondary outcomes include anastomotic stenosis, surgical site infection, reoperation, estimated intraoperative blood loss, operative time (minutes), length of hospital stay (days), overall complications, and 30-day mortality. The meta-analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.4 under the random-effects model, as well as through extensive subgroup and sensitivity analyses. P values <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. This study was registered with PROSPERO (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) in accordance with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols).

Results

The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The web-based survey and initial title or abstract review of papers identified by the search strategy will be completed in November 2023. The second round of title or abstract review and downloading of the papers for full-text inclusion will be completed in January 2024. We aim to complete data extraction and meta-analysis by February 2024 and expect to publish the findings by the end of March 2024.

Conclusions

This study aims to investigate the impact of reinforcement techniques on reducing the incidence of postoperative complications in SG and RYGB procedures and provide assistance for standardizing the procedures of SG and RYGB operations for bariatric surgeons.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022376438; https://tinyurl.com/2d53uf8n

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/50677
Intersection of Perceived COVID-19 Risk, Preparedness, and Preventive Health Behaviors: Latent Class Segmentation Analysis
Authors: Mgbere Osaro , Iloanusi Sorochi , Yunusa Ismaeel , Iloanusi Nchebe-Jah R , Gohil Shrey , Essien Ekere James
Published: October 2023

Background

COVID-19 risk perception is a factor that influences the pandemic spread. Understanding the potential behavioral responses to COVID-19, including preparedness and adoption of preventive measures, can inform interventions to curtail its spread.

Objective

We assessed self-perceived and latent class analysis (LCA)–based risks of COVID-19 and their associations with preparedness, misconception, information gap, and preventive practices among residents of a densely populated city in Nigeria.

Methods

We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among residents (N=140) of Onitsha, Nigeria, in March 2020, before the government-mandated lockdown. Using an iterative expectation-maximization algorithm, we applied LCA to systematically segment participants into the most likely distinct risk clusters. Furthermore, we used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to determine the associations among knowledge, attitude, preventive practice, perceived preparedness, misconception, COVID-19 information gap, and self-perceived and LCA-based COVID-19 risks.

Results

Most participants (85/140, 60.7%) had good knowledge and did not perceive themselves as at risk of contracting COVID-19. Three-quarters of the participants (102/137, 74.6%; P<.001) experienced COVID-19–related information gaps, while 62.9% (88/140; P=.04) of the participants had some misconceptions about the disease. Conversely, most participants (93/140, 66.4%; P<.001) indicated that they were prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the participants (94/138, 68.1%; P<.001) self-perceived that they were not at risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to 31.9% (44/138) who professed to be at risk of contracting COVID-19. Using the LCA, we identified 3 distinct risk clusters (P<.001), namely, prudent or low-risk takers, skeptics or high-risk takers, and carefree or very high-risk takers with prevalence rates (probabilities of cluster membership that represent the prevalence rate [γc]) of 47.5% (95% CI 40%-55%), 16.2% (95% CI 11.4%-20.9%), and 36.4% (95% CI 28.8%-43.9%), respectively. We recorded a significantly negative agreement between self-perceived risk and LCA-based segmentation of COVID-19 risk (κ=–0.218, SD 0.067; P=.01). Knowledge, attitude, and perceived need for COVID-19 information were significant predictors of COVID-19 preventive practices among the Onitsha city residents.

Conclusions

The clustering patterns highlight the impact of modifiable risk behaviors on COVID-19 preventive practices, which can provide strong empirical support for health prevention policies. Consequently, clusters with individuals at high risk of contracting COVID-19 would benefit from multicomponent interventions delivered in diverse settings to improve the population-based response to the pandemic.
Cocreation to Facilitate Communication and Collaboration Between Multidisciplinary Stakeholders in eHealth Research and Development: Case Study of the CARRIER (Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Estimations and Interventions for Prevention and Early Detection) Consortium (Preprint)
Authors: Latuapon Elizabeth , Hochstenbach Laura , Mahr Dominik , Scheenstra Bart , Kietselaer Bas , Spreeuwenberg Marieke
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Collaboration with diverse stakeholders in eHealth research is fundamental yet complex. Stakeholders from various disciplines do not “speak the same language” and have different levels of power and interest, resulting in contrasting objectives, priorities, and expectations. An approach to constructive communication and collaboration is necessary to overcome this complex dynamic. Cocreation, known in the field of eHealth most often to involve end users, may also be suitable for facilitating stakeholder engagement and alignment.

OBJECTIVE

This paper provides insights into the application of cocreation, specifically in the early phases of research that focus on involving and aligning relevant stakeholders from different academic and professional backgrounds.

METHODS

The case for this study was a group discussion with members of a multidisciplinary consortium that works on developing a personalized eHealth intervention for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Using stakeholder mapping, health and medicine experts, big data scientists, software developers, and an innovation manager (N=8) were invited to participate. The discussion was based on a user scenario and structured according to the Six Thinking Hats of de Bono, representing 6 different types of thinking. The discussion was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically with the use of ATLAS.ti software.

RESULTS

First, informative and intuitive thinking served the preparatory purpose of familiarization with the project details and other participants. Second, positive and critical thinking constituted the body of the discussion and resulted in an in-depth conversation. Third, creative and organizational thinking were action oriented and focused on solutions and planning to safeguard future progress. The participants repeatedly reflected on various intervention-related themes, ranging from intervention content to technical functionalities and from legal requirements to implementation in practice. Moreover, project-related matters were discussed, including stakeholder management and time and budget constraints.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper demonstrates how cocreation can be of value for multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement and alignment. Based on stakeholder mapping (with whom to discuss), a dream user scenario (what to discuss), and the Six Thinking Hats of de Bono (how to discuss), the participants shared information, discussed differences, searched for solutions, and moved toward a collective approach regarding intervention development. The lessons learned may further improve the understanding of how cocreation can contribute to multidisciplinary collaboration.
Predicting Depressive Symptoms Using GPS-Based Regional Data in Germany With the CORONA HEALTH App During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Edler Johanna-Sophie , Winter Michael , Steinmetz Holger , Cohrdes Caroline , Baumeister Harald , Pryss Rüdiger
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have been conducted to predict depressive symptoms using passive smartphone data, mostly integrating the GPS signal as a measure of mobility. Environmental factors have been identified as correlated with depressive symptoms in specialized studies both before and during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study combined a data-based approach using passive smartphone data to predict self-reported depressive symptoms with a wide range of GPS-based environmental factors as predictors.

METHODS

The CORONA HEALTH app was developed for the purpose of data collection, and this app enabled the collection of both survey and passive data via smartphone. After obtaining informed consent, we gathered GPS signals at the time of study participation and evaluated depressive symptoms in 249 Android users with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The only GPS-based data collected were the participants’ location at the time of the questionnaire, which was used to assign participants to the nearest district for linking regional sociodemographic data. Data collection took place from July 2020 to February 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Using GPS data, each dataset was linked to a wide variety of data on regional sociodemographic, geographic, and economic characteristics describing the respondent’s environment, which were derived from a publicly accessible database from official German statistical offices. Moreover, pandemic-specific predictors such as the current pandemic phase or the number of new regional infections were matched via GPS. For the prediction of individual depressive symptoms, we compared 3 models (ie, ridge, lasso, and elastic net regression) and evaluated the models using 10-fold cross-validation.

RESULTS

The final elastic net regression model showed the highest explained variance (R2=0.06) and reduced the dataset from 121 to 9 variables, the 3 main predictors being current COVID-19 infections in the respective district, the number of places in nursing homes, and the proportion of fathers receiving parental benefits. The number of places in nursing homes refers to the availability of care facilities for the elderly, which may indicate regional population characteristics that influence mental health. The proportion of fathers receiving parental benefits reflects family structure and work-life balance, which could impact stress and mental well-being during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

Passive data describing the environment contributed to the prediction of individual depressive symptoms and revealed regional risk and protective factors that may be of interest without their inclusion in routine assessments being costly.
Effects of Background Music on Attentional Networks of Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Control Experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mendes Camila Guimarães , de Paula Jonas Jardim , Miranda Débora Marques
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

To sustain performance during a task that requires attention may be a challenge for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which strongly influences motivation for tasks and has been connected to the level of arousal.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze the effect of musical stimulus on attentional performance in children with ADHD and typically developing children.

METHODS

A total of 76 boys (34 with ADHD and 42 typically developing) performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) for children under 2 experimental conditions (with and without music). Four attentional measures were extracted from the ANT. We tested the effect of the experimental condition and its interaction with the group using repeated measures ANOVA.

RESULTS

We found no significant main effects or interactions for the reaction times of the alerting, orienting, and conflict attentional networks of the ANT (all P>.05). Regarding ANT errors, we found a significant main effect for music, with a moderate effect size (F1,72=9.83; P=.03; ηp2=0.06) but the condition×group interaction was not significant (F1,72=1.79; P=.18). Participants made fewer errors when listening to music compared to the control condition.

CONCLUSIONS

Music seems not to interfere in the attentional network in children and adolescents. Perhaps background music affects motivation. Future studies will be needed to validate this.

CLINICALTRIAL

ReBEC.gov U1111-12589039; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8s22sh8
P-REALITY-X: Real-world evaluation of overall survival with palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitor in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope
Published: October 2023

Dr Hope S. Rugo presents a real-world evaluation of overall survival with palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitor in patients with HR+/HER2- MBC.
CURRENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS – AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Đorđević Anđela , Jovanović Zoran
Published: October 2023

In this paper, innovations in the field of distributed control systems have been considered. Without any claim for completeness, a short summary on current trends in this area has been provided. A special attention is paid to application of blockchain technologies in distributed control systems, game theoretical approach for distributed control applications, and advantages of distributed control for power systems. Also, one of the main issues of modern distributed control systems – cybersecurity has been considered.
Media Sosial Sebagai Media Promosi Kewargaan: Studi Etnografi Digital
Authors: Arianto Bambang
Published: October 2023

This research aims to elaborate on the usefulness of social media as a media for citizenship promotion. Dependence on digitalization makes social media increasingly used and influences various civic activities. In the era of the digital economy, the role of social media has become the most important promotional tool for every activity of citizens, business entities and the public. Social media has been used to disseminate various civic activities so that they can then become known to the public. The impact of social media-based civic activities has created dynamic and participatory interaction patterns in promoting activities. This research uses a digital ethnographic approach with in-depth interview techniques and digital participant observation with the millennial generation in Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The research results found that social media has become a media for promoting citizenship, starting from personal activities, business entities and public organizations. Various schemes for strengthening digital civic literacy are needed, so that social media can be well positioned as a media for civic promotion in the era of digitalization.
JVM Security Mechanism
Authors: Bargavi Dr. K. , Varma Bandaru Kranthi Kumar , Kumar Addula Ajay , Mudiraj Chegoori Sai Kiran , Nagaraj Bollemani Vishal
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This research paper explores the Java Virtual Machine's (JVM) security framework and investigates strategies to achieve comparable or enhanced security within the code. Examining core JVM security components such as classloaders, bytecode verification, and the security manager, we assess their limitations and capabilities in providing comprehensive security. We also delve into contemporary coding practices, including security libraries, secure coding principles, and industry-standard security frameworks, empowering developers to integrate security directly into their code. By comparing JVM security with incode security strategies, this study aims to provide actionable insights for developers, security practitioners, and decision-makers, bridging the gap between runtime JVM security and proactive code-level security. The objective is to advocate for a more adaptable and robust approach to secure Java applications in today's evolving threat landscape.
Impact of Rupee Depreciation on IT Sector of Indian Economy
Authors: Priya Ananya
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Indian Rupee has significantly declined in value relative to other major currencies as a result of its volatility. In this advancing world, there are many things that have an effect on each other in some way or another. The effects of these economic changes are seen in the overall economic growth of a country. One of the uncertainties related to global trade is the fluctuation of exchange rates. Every area of an economy is impacted by this exchange rate fluctuation. The IT sector is one of the most crucial sectors of Indian industry as well as one of the largest drivers of export revenue for the country. Currently, this industry contributes about 7.7% of GDP. Depreciating currencies typically have a negative impact on several country sectors. However, the weakening of the rupee has been advantageous for the Indian IT sector. The US and Europe are the two regions where the Indian IT sector generates the most money. This is anticipated to have had an effect on the IT sector, which depends mostly on exports of hardware and software items as well as on the services provided by Indian IT workers in the US. This study aims to analyse the impacts of currency depreciation on the IT industry of Indian Economy.
Driver Safety System
Authors: Bawankar Shruti , Bhamare Abhishek , Bhamre Somesh , Batheja Harsh , Korwar Ganesh
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Blind spots in vehicles and driver drowsiness are significant safety concerns that contribute to road accidents. To address these issues, we propose a comprehensive driver drowsiness and blind spot detection system using advanced technologies and image processing algorithms. The blind spot detection system employs ultrasonic sensors and an Arduino microcontroller board to gather real-time information about potential collision objects in the blind spot area. When a risk is detected, an LED alarm alerts the driver, enhancing their awareness and reducing the likelihood of accidents. Additionally, we explore the implementation of a camera-based blind spot detection system using deep learning techniques, offering a viable option for autonomous vehicles. For driver drowsiness detection, we present a non-intrusive method using a camera to continuously monitor the driver's facial features, such as eye and head movements. By analyzing these features, the system can accurately identify three driver states: awake, drowsy, and sleeping. When drowsiness is detected, the system activates alerts, such as visual and auditory cues, to awaken the driver and ensure their safety. The literature review greatly impacted our system's design, facilitating informed decisions and integration of cutting-edge technologies for an effective driver drowsiness and blind spot detection solution. The research paper also discusses the integration of these systems into various platforms, including mobile apps, Python programs, and IP cameras, providing flexible and cost-effective solutions for different vehicle types. Results from prototype implementations demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methods in detecting blind spots and drowsiness. Overall, this research enhances road safety via efficient blind spot & drowsiness detection, saving lives by addressing driver fatigue. Utilizing tech & machine learning, proposed systems advance active safety & driver assistance
A Critical Review on Role of 3D-Printer in Cardiology
Authors: Kalal Pradumna
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The focus of recent studies has been on 3D printing technologies. Models are manufactured using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or echocardiography in three dimensions (3D printing) , and the process is also known as additive manufacturing. The debate about 3D printing's function in cardiology is the main focus of current studies . To decrease the mortality rate due to heart related diseases like cardiac arrest , which has been tremendous in recent times, 3D printed models serve as a savior of life. To illustrate, during COVID-19, the coronavirus created a global pandemic and a huge global demand for medical equipment. The shortage of time and the high level of social distancing make it difficult for the government and medical professionals to face the pandemic. In those critical times, 3D printing models were used to develop medical equipment and explore its potential by addressing the shortage of equipment. The physical models are printed using various methods like Fused Deposition Modeling, Polyjet, Stereolithography, Selective Laser Melting, and Sintering. This also enhances the practical knowledge of students and surgeons and revives confidence in the patients and their families.
An In-depth Comparison of Diabetes Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Pinjari Shirin , Vani Nilesh
Published: October 2023

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