bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LPWAN-Based Hybrid Backhaul Communication for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Architecture and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Shahgholi Taghi , Sheikhahmadi Amir , Khamforoosh Keyhan , Azizi Sadoon
Published: February 2021

Increased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traffic congestion, emissions, and huge fuel consumption in many regions. With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end to end delay per user. Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed. This program has the ability to exchange live data with SUMO for communication performance evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.
The Memory Effect on Fractional Calculus: An Application in the Spread of Covid-19
Authors: de Barros Laécio Carvalho , Lopes Michele Martins , Simões Francielle Santo Pedro , Esmi Estevão , Santos José Paulo Carvalho dos , Sánchez Daniel Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Fractional calculus has been widely used in mathematical modeling of evolutionary systems with memory effect on dynamics. The main interest of this work is to attest, through a statistical approach, how the hysteresis phenomenon, which describes a type of memory effect present in biological systems, can be treated by fractional calculus. We also analyse the contribution of the historical values of a function in the evaluation of fractional operators according to their order. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this non-integer order calculus, we consider the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) compartmental model which is widely used in epidemiology. We employ this compartmental model to study the dynamics of the spread of Covid-19 in some countries, one version with memory and one without memory.
Current status and related factors of turnover intention of primary medical staff in Anhui Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Guimei , Sang Lingzhi , Rong Jian , Yan Huosheng , Liu Hongzhang , Cheng Jing , Wang Li , Ding Hong , Chen Ren
Published: February 2021

Background The shortage of primary medical staff is an important issue in the management of health human resources, and it is also a problem that all countries in the world need to face together. Since 2009, China has implemented a new series of medical system reforms and the shortage and loss of primary medical staff have been alleviated accordingly. However, China has a large population and it is difficult to distribute health human resources evenly across regions. This study aimed to explore the current status of turnover intention and its relationship with psychological capital, social support, and job burnout, as well as how these factors influence turnover intention of primary medical staff in Anhui province, China.Methods Using structured questionnaires to collect data, including demographic characteristics, turnover intention, psychological capital, social support, and Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. A total of 1,152 primary medical workers of Anhui were investigated. Data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression model.Results Total scores of turnover intention, psychological capital, social support, and job burnout of subjects were 14.15 ± 4.35, 100.09 ± 15.98, 64.93 ± 13.23 and 41.07 ± 9.437, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed the related factors of turnover intention were age, job position, work unit, and scores of job burnout. Pearson correlation showed psychological capital and social support were negatively correlated with turnover intention, while the score of job burnout was positively correlated with turnover intention.Conclusion The improvement of psychological capital and social support and the reduction of job burnout may play an important role in reducing turnover intention of primary medical staff. Primary medical managers should strengthen the humanistic care for primary medical staff, optimize the incentive mechanism, and improve internal management of medical institutions for stability.
A Hawkes process model for the propagation of COVID-19: simple analytical results
Authors: Escobar Juan Valentin
Published: February 2021

We present a model for the COVID-19 epidemic that offers analytical expressions for the newly registered and latent cases. This model is based on an epidemic branching process with latency that is greatly simplified when the bare memory kernel is given by an exponential function as observed in this pandemic. We expose the futility of the concept of “bending the curve” of the epidemic as long as the number of latent cases is not depleted. Our model offers the possibility of laying out different scenarios for the evolution of the epidemic in different countries based on the most recent observations and in terms of only two constants obtained from clinical trials.
Immune infiltrating cells in cholangiocarcinoma may become clinical diagnostic markers: based on bioinformatics analysis.
Authors: Zhang yongwei , Chen Sihan , Li Jun , Dai Wei , Qian yeben
Published: February 2021

Background: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor originating from the secondary bile duct and its branch epithelium. Among primary liver tumors, the incidence of ICC is second only to hepatocellular carcinoma. tumor microenvironment can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. This study is dedicated to finding more markers that can diagnose ICC by finding the differential tumor microenvironment cells between ICC and normal tissues. Methods: We wanted to study the infiltration of immune cells between the cholangiocarcinoma of the same patient and its paired non-tumor tissues, to explore the difference of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and adjacent non-tumor tissues in the same organism. So, we searched the relevant data of patients with ICC from the GEO database and found that the GSE45001 data set meets our research needs. CIBERSORT database is used to calculate immune cell composition. Finally, perform visual analysis and data statistics to find out the differentially expressed immune cells. Results: we found that the expression levels of Dendritic cells activated, Macrophages M2 and T cells regulatory (Tregs) in ICC were higher than normal tissues and the expression levels of Macrophages M1, Monocytes and T cells follicular helper in ICC were lower than normal tissues. Conclusion: These 6 types of immune cells are expected to become molecular markers for clinical diagnosis of ICC.
Joint user pairing and power allocation scheme based on transmission mode switching between NOMA based maximum ratio transmission and MMSE beamforming in downlink MISO systems
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Wang Dong , Zhang Hongwei , Sang Haitao
Published: February 2021

IThis paper investigates the design of the joint user pairing and power allocation scheme with transmission mode switching (TMS) in downlink multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems. Firstly, the closed-form expressions of the boundary of achievable rate region of two candidate transmission modes, i.e., non-orthogonal multiple access based maximum ratio transmission (NOMA-MRT) and minimum mean square error beamforming (MMSE-BF), are obtained. By obtaining the outer boundary of the union of the achievable rate regions of the two transmission modes, an adaptive switching method is developed to achieve a larger rate region. Secondly, based on the idea that the solution to the problem of weighted sum rate (WSR) optimization must be on the boundary of the achievable rate region, the optimal solutions to the problem of WSR optimization for NOMA-MRT and MMSE-BF are obtained for the two-user case, respectively. Subsequently, by exploiting the optimal solutions aforementioned for two transmission modes and the high efficiency of TMS, a suboptimal User pairing and Power Allocation algorithm (JUPA) is proposed to further improve sum-rate performance for the multi-user case. Compared with the Exhaustive Search based user Pairing and Power Allocation algorithm (ES-PPA), the proposed JUPA can enjoy a much lower computational complexity and only suffer a slight sum-rate performance loss, whereas outperforms other traditional schemes. Finally, numerical results are provided to validate the analyses and the proposed algorithms.
BMI, Waist to Height Ratio and Waist Circumference as a screening tool for Hypertension in Hospital out Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Non-inferiority study
Authors: Shrestha Rajan , Upadhyay Sanjib K. , Khatri Bijay , Bhattarai Janak R. , Kayastha Manish , Upadhyay Madan P.
Published: February 2021

Objective The study aimed to determine the burden of obesity, using three commonly employed metrics in the hospital outpatient setting of a developing country as predictors of hypertension through a non-inferiority study.Design A cross-sectional study design was adopted.Setting This study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Service in a tertiary Eye and ENT hospital in a semi-urban area of Nepal.Participants 2,256 randomly selected 40-69 years outpatients.Outcome measures Correlation analysis, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Odds ratios (OR) were calculated between three obesity metrices and hypertension.Results The prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 16.09% and 42.20%, respectively; by WHtR was 32.76%, which is two times higher than obesity measured by BMI. High WC was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602), and WC (0.610).Conclusion WC correlated well with obesity and hypertension. It also had a higher predicting ability than WHtR and BMI to predict hypertension. WC thus proved to be non-inferior to two other commonly used metrics. It proved superior in detecting obesity in female. This inexpensive and simple non-tension tape measurement may play an important role in the future diagnosis of obesity and the prediction of HTN in resource-constrained settings of developing countries.
Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Li Boyang , Solomon Victoria , Fonteh Alfred , Rapoport Stanley I. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Chui Helena C. , Miller Carol A. , Sullivan Patrick M. , Wang Hoau-Yan , Yassine Hussein
Published: February 2021

Background: Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with a greater response to neuroinflammation and the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms for this association are not clear. The activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within the plaques of AD brains. The relation between APOE4 genotype and cPLA2 activity is not known.Methods: Mouse primary astrocytes, mouse and human brain samples differing by APOE genotypes were collected for measuring cPLA2 expression, phosphorylation, and activity in relation to measures of inflammation and oxidative stress. Results: Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation, cPLA2 activity and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were identified in ApoE4 compared to ApoE3 in primary astrocytes, brains of ApoE-targeted replacement (ApoE-TR) mice, and in human brain homogenates from the inferior frontal cortex of patients with AD carrying APOE3/4 compared to APOE3/3. Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation was also observed in human postmortem frontal cortical synaptosomes and primary astrocytes after treatment with recombinant ApoE4 ex vivo. In ApoE4 astrocytes, the greater levels of LTB4, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were reduced after cPLA2 inhibition. Conclusions: Our findings implicate greater activation of cPLA2 signaling system with APOE4, which could represent a potential drug target for mitigating the increased neuroinflammation with APOE4 and AD.
A Bifunctional Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Involved in the O-Dealkylation or N-Dealkoxymethylation of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Rhodococcus sp. B2
Authors: liu hongming , Yuan Meng , Liu Aimin , Ren Lei , Zhu Guo-ping , Sun Li-na
Published: February 2021

Background: The chloroacetamide herbicides pretilachlor is an emerging pollutant. Due to the large amount of use, its presence in the environment threatens human health. However, the molecular mechanism of pretilachlor degradation remains unknown. Results: Now, Rhodococcus sp. B2 was isolated from rice field and shown to degrade pretilachlor. The maximum pretilachlor degradation efficiency (86.1%) was observed at a culture time of 5 d, an initial substrate concentration 50 mg/L, pH 6.98, and 30.1°C. One novel metabolite N-hydroxyethyl-2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethyl-phenyl)-acetamide was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Draft genome comparison demonstrated that a 32,147-bp DNA fragment, harboring gene cluster (EthRABCDB2), was absent from the mutant strain TB2 which could not degrade pretilachlor. The Eth gene cluster, encodes an AraC/XylS family transcriptional regulator (EthRB2), a ferredoxin reductase (EthAB2), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EthBB2), a ferredoxin (EthCB2) and a 10-kDa protein of unknown function (EthDB2). Complementation with EthABCDB2 and EthABDB2, but not EthABCB2 in strain TB2 restored its ability to degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. Subsequently, codon optimization of EthABCDB2 was performed, after which the optimized components were separately expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. A mixture of EthABCDB2 or EthABDB2 but not EthABCB2 catalyzed the N-dealkoxymethylation of alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, and propisochlor and O-dealkylation of pretilachlor, revealing that EthD acted as a ferredoxin in strain B2. EthABDB2 displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Conclusions: This is the first report of a P450 family oxygenase catalyzing the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation of pretilachlor and propisochlor, respectively. And the results of the present study provide a microbial resource for the remediation of chloroacetamide herbicides-contaminated sites.
Architectural Ruins: Geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta
Authors: Bianco Lino
Published: February 2021

Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of seventeenth-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito – the building elements and materials – speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.
Low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with obese but not lean NAFLD: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qinqiu , Shi Xiao-ying , Wang Jinghua , Zhang Juanwen , Xu Cheng-Fu
Published: February 2021

Background: A low serum vitamin D concentration has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, whether lean or obese individuals show a similar association between vitamin D and NAFLD remains speculative. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and NAFLD in lean and obese Chinese adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2538 participants (1360 men and 1178 women) who underwent health checkups at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2019. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound excluding other causes. The association of serum vitamin D concentration with NAFLD was analyzed in lean and obese participants.Results: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 33.61% (13.10% in lean and 53.32% in obese) in this study population. The serum vitamin D levels of obese NAFLD patients were lower than those of obese NAFLD-free controls. However, the serum vitamin D levels of lean NAFLD patients were comparable to those of lean NAFLD-free controls. Serum vitamin D level was negatively correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD in obese but not lean participants. Serum vitamin D level was independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in obese participants, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.987 (0.981–0.993). However, serum vitamin D level was not related to the risk of NAFLD in lean participants.Conclusions: A low serum vitamin D level is associated with NAFLD in obese but not lean participants.
System Dynamics Modelling of Health Workforce Planning to Address Future Challenges of Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Leerapan Borwornsom , Teekasap Pard , Urwannachotima Nipaporn , Jaichuen Wararat , Chiangchaisakultha Kwanpracha , Udomaksorn Khunjira , Meeyai Aronrag Cooper , Noree Thinakorn , Sawaendee Krisada
Published: February 2021

Background: System dynamics (SD) modelling can inform policy decisions under Thailand's Universal Health Coverage. We report on this thinking approach to Thailand's strategic health workforce planning for the next 20 years (2018-2037).Methods: A series of group model building (GMB) sessions involving 110 participants from multi-sectors of Thailand's health systems was conducted in 2017 and 2018. We facilitated policymakers, administrators, practitioners and other stakeholders to co-create a causal loop diagram (CLD) representing a shared understanding of why the health workforce's demands and supplies in Thailand were mismatched. A stock and flow diagram (SFD) was also co-created for testing the consequences of policy options by simulation modelling.Results: The simulation modelling found hospital utilisation created a vicious cycle of constantly increasing demands for hospital care and a constant shortage of healthcare providers. Moreover, hospital care was not designed for effectively dealing with the future demands of ageing populations and prevalent chronic illness. Hence, shifting emphasis to professions that can provide primary care, intermediate care, long-term care, palliative care, and end-of-life care can be more effective.Conclusions: Our SD modelling confirmed that shifting the care models to address the changing health demands can be a high-leverage policy of health workforce planning, although very difficult to implement in the short term. of health workforce planning, although very difficult to implement in the short term.
Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Recruitment Domain (ARC) Promotes Bone Regeneration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating Fgf-2/PI3K/Akt Signaling
Authors: Hu Longwei , Wang Yang , Pan Hongya , Kadir Kathreena , Wen Jin , Li Siyi , Zhang Chenping
Published: February 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) could promote survival and enhance osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow -derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Materials and methods: The lentivirus transfection method was used to establish ARC -overexpressing BMSCs. The CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation. The BD Pharmingen™ APC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. The osteogenic capacity was investigated by OCN immunofluorescence staining, ALP analysis, ARS assays and RT-PCR analysis. Cells were seeded into calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds and then inserted subcutaneously into nude mice and the defect area of the rat calvarium. Histological analysis was conducted to evaluate the in vivo cell apoptosis and new bone formation of the ARC -overexpressing BMSCs. RNA-seq was used to detect the possible mechanism of the effect of ARC on BMSCs. Results: ARC promoted BMSC proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. ARC enhanced BMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. An in vivo study revealed that ARC can inhibit BMSC apoptosis and increase new bone formation. ARC regulates BMSCs mainly by activating the Fgf-2/PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions: The present study suggests that A RC is a powerful agent for promoting bone regeneration of BMSCs and provides a promising method for bone tissue engineering.
Generative Adversarial Network Based Rogue Device Identification Using Differential Constellation Trace Figure
Authors: Chen Zekun , Peng Linning , Hu Aiqun , Fu Hua
Published: February 2021

With the dramatic development of the internet of things (IoT), security issues such as identity authentication have received serious attention. The radio frequency (RF) ﬁngerprint of IoT device is an inherent feature, which can hardly be imitated. In this paper, we propose a rogue device identiﬁcation technique via RF ﬁngerprinting using deep learning-based generative adversarial network (GAN). Being diﬀerent from traditional classiﬁcation problems in RF ﬁngerprint identiﬁcations, this work focuses on unknown accessing device recognition without prior information. A diﬀerential constellation trace ﬁgure (DCTF) generation process is initially employed to transform RF ﬁngerprint features from time-domain waveforms to 2-dimensional (2D) ﬁgures. Then, by using GAN, which is a kind of unsupervised learning algorithm, we can discriminate rogue devices without any prior information. An experimental veriﬁcation system is built with 54 ZigBee devices regarded as recognized devices and accessing devices. A Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) receiver is used to capture the signal and identify the accessing devices. Experimental results show that the proposed rogue device identiﬁcation method can achieve 95%identiﬁcation accuracy in a real environment.
Parent-Child-Agreement on Health-Related Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients born with Esophageal Atresia – a Swedish-German cross-sectional study
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Kuckuck Susanne , Dingemann Jens , Abrahamsson Kate , Dingemann Carmen , Chaplin John Eric , Ure Benno , Bullinger Monika , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Jönsson Linus , Quitmann Julia Hannah
Published: February 2021

Background The aim was to compare parent and child-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) and determine factors that affect the level of parent-child agreement. Methods We included 63 parent-child dyads of children born with EA aged 8-18 from Germany and Sweden. The generic PedsQL 4.0TM questionnaire and the condition-specific EA QOL questionnaire were used to assess children’s HRQOL from parents' and children’s perspectives. The PedsQLTM Family Impact Module was used to assess parental HRQOL and Family Functioning.Results On an individual level, intra-class correlation coefficients indicated strong levels of parent-child agreement (.61-.97). At the group level, the analyses showed no significant differences between the responses of parents and children. When a disagreement occurred, parents were more likely to rate generic HRQOL lower than the children (19-35%) and condition-specific HRQOL higher than the children (17-33%). Findings of the binary logistic regression analyzes showed that the child’s age, gender, and country (Germany vs. Sweden) were significant predictors of parent-child agreement in condition-specific HRQOL. We did not identify any significant variables that explain agreement for the generic HRQOL.Conclusion The parent-child agreement is mostly good, suggesting that parent-reports are a reliable source of information. However, discrepancies may occur and can be explained by the child's age, gender, and country (Sweden vs. Germany). Both perspectives are essential sources for treating EA patients and should not be considered right or wrong. Instead, this information broadens the perspective on pediatric EA patients.
Amphibole as a witness of chromitite formation and fluid metasomatism in ophiolites
Authors: Pan Qi-Qi , Xiao Yan , Su Ben-Xun , Liu Xia , Robinson Paul T. , Uysal Ibrahim , Zhang Peng-Fei , Sakyi Patrick Asamoah
Published: February 2021

Here we present new occurrences of amphibole in a suite of chromitites, dunites, and harzburgites from the mantle sequence of the Lycian ophiolite in the Tauride Belt, southwest Turkey. The amphibole occurs both as interstitial grains among the major constituent minerals and as inclusions in chromite grains. The interstitial amphibole shows generally decreasing trends in Na2O and Al2O3 contents from the chromitites (0.14–1.54 wt% and 0.04–6.67 wt%, respectively) and the dunites (0.09–2.37 wt%; 0.12–11.9 wt%) to the host harzburgites (<0.61 wt%; 0.02–5.41 wt%). Amphibole inclusions in chromite of the amphibole-bearing harzburgites are poorer in Al2O3 (1.12–8.86 wt%), CaO (8.47–13.2 wt%), and Na2O (b.d.l.–1.38 wt%) than their counterparts in the amphibole-bearing chromitites (Al2O3 = 6.13–10.0 wt%; CaO = 12.1–12.9 wt%; Na2O = 1.11–1.91 wt%). Estimated crystallization temperatures for the interstitial amphibole grains and amphibole inclusions range from 706 to 974 °C, with the higher values in the latter. A comparison of amphibole inclusions in chromite with interstitial grains provides direct evidence for the involvement of water in chromitite formation and the presence of hydrous melt/fluid metasomatism in the peridotites during initial subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. The hydrous melts/fluids were released from the chromitites after being collected on chromite surfaces during crystallization. Different fluid/wall rock ratios are thought to have controlled the crystallization and composition of the Lycian amphibole and the extent of modification of the chromite and pyroxene grains in the peridotites. Considering the wide distribution of podiform chromitites in this ophiolite, the link between chromitite formation and melt/fluid metasomatism defined in our study may be applicable to other ophiolites worldwide.
Removal of barite from zircon using an aqueous solution of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and potassium carbonate
Authors: Martin Aaron J. , Rocha-Estopier Claudia L.
Published: February 2021

In most geologic applications, if barite is present, it must be separated from zircon to enable analysis of the zircon. Current methods of barite removal include mechanical comminution in a ball mill or conversion to barium carbonate by boiling in an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Both procedures have potentially serious drawbacks. We optimized an alternative technique for barite removal to avoid these shortcomings. In repeated experiments, boiling in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and 6 wt% potassium carbonate for one hour dissolved about 90% of sand-size barite grains. Examination of barite after boiling in DTPA solution revealed evidence for attacks on crystal surfaces in the form of microscopic scallops and pits. In contrast, zircon crystal surfaces were not detectably altered at the microscopic scale by a boiling solution of DTPA and potassium carbonate. The DTPA and potassium carbonate solution procedure may be superior to the other two barite removal methods in two ways. First, it might not introduce bias into the sample, in contrast to both of the other two methods. Second, it requires less time than the sodium carbonate solution technique. If future research shows that the DTPA and potassium carbonate solution technique does not affect isotopic systems in zircon, this method appears to be a favorable alternative to both milling and boiling in sodium carbonate solution.
EVALUVATION OF SINGAPORE AIRLINES USE OF NICHE MARKETING TO GROW IN THE AMERICAN MARKET
Authors: Nagdev Kris
Published: February 2021

Singapore Airlines is a globally established airline operating out of Singapore. They have a fleet of 129 aircraft flying on 62 routes around the world. In 2018, they were ranked as the worldÃ‚Â’s best airline by Skytrax. In the early 2010s, in accordance with the ambition to grow, Singapore Airlines expanded the American market with flights to the USA. This posed a challenge for the airline because of the geographical distance between Singapore and North America With the A350-900 ULR, Singapore Airlines restarted its route to New York with the same ambition of expanding into the American market. However, this time the route only offered business class and premium economy to target, using segmentation as a means to grow in the American market. Thus through secondary research, I aim to find out: How effective has been Singapore AirlinesÃ‚Â’ decision to reopen the New York route to expand in the American Market through segmentation? This research paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Singapore AirlinesÃ‚Â’ strategy to expand into the American Market by targeting a new market segment. The success of failure of this strategy implemented by Singapore Airlines would determine whether or not the strategy of segmentation on ultra-long-haul flights can be replicated by other airlines. Hence, this research is significant as the findings may predict the future of ultra-long-haul flights such. The research found that the nature of the cities of New York and Singapore, innovation leading to the birth of the A350-900ULR, and an effective marketing mix employed created the perfect storm for Singapore Airlines to use segmentation to grow in the American market successfully.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS AND SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, INDIA A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Senior Registrar, MEM (SEMI), Department of Emergency Medicine, Ramkrishna Care Hospital & Research Centre, Raipur, India., Kamran Sanskriti , Sharma Sanjay ,   MBBS, MD Medicine, DM Neurology Consultant Neurology, Ramkrishna Care Hospital & Research Centre, Raipur, India., Banerjee Sayani ,   MBBS, MEM GWU (USA), MRCEM (UK), Consultant Emergency Medicine, Ramkrishna Care Hospital & Research Centre, Raipur, India., Das Thakur Sujoy ,   MBBS, MEM GWU (USA), Head of the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ramkrishna Care Hospital & Research Centre, Raipur, India.
Published: February 2021

Objective: To study correlation between Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Serum Homocysteine levels. Patients and Methods: 76 patients having Cerebral Venous Thrombosis were admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to September 2019. In each patient fasting serum homocysteine levels and serum B12 levels were taken and analyzed. Every patient was subjected to a detailed clinical history and neurological examination. In each patient fasting serum homocysteine levels and serum B12 levels were done. The serum homocysteine levels were done by kinetic biochemistry using R1 and R 2 reagents. The serum B12 levels were done by using ELISA Technique. On the basis of serum homocysteine levels, the patients were divided into 4 categories: Normal Level, Mild Hyperhomocysteinrmia, Moderate Hyperhomocysteinemia and Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia. On the basis of serum B12 levels, the patients were again divided into 4 categories: Severe Deficiency, Mild Deficiency, Normal range and High levels. Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia could be a risk factor accounting forCerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. The results of this study have shown that homocysteine levels were significantly higher in CVST patients and serum hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the risk factor in the etiology of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis patients. Though, Serum B12 levels showed no correlation in patients of CVST. Thus, Serum homocysteine estimation needs to be sent from emergency department of all patients with diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.
THE CHANGES IN INDONESIAN POLICE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS IN INCREASING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION THROUGH THE QLUE REPORTING SYSTEM (A PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY ON DRUG UNIT OF SOUTH JAKARTA METRO POLICE)
Authors:   PhD Student of Doctoral in Communication Science, Sahid University., Vivick Tjangkung Josephien , Liliweri Alo ,   Professor of Faculty of Administration Sciences, Nusa Cendana University., Ronda Mirza ,   Professor of Doctoral in Communication Science, Sahid University.
Published: February 2021

South Jakarta Metro Police for Drug Investigation Unit is an agency that has a firm duty to investigate and combat drug cases in the South Jakarta area. The use of the Qlue application through the program Dare to Eradicate Narcotics Based on IT is an innovation initiated by the South Jakarta Police Narcotics Unit in collaboration with Qlue Performa Indonesia Corporate in an effort to provide a drug-free area. This study examines Qlue as a social media for the community to participate in fighting the dangers of drugs. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The paradigm used is the constructivist paradigm and is based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory, AIDDA, and the Elaboration Likelihood Model and also community participation theory. The technique of collecting data is done by in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used was data triangulation with the case study method. The results of this study indicate that the Narcotics Unit of the South Jakarta Police has accepted the adoption of Qlue technology as a media for reporting drug abuse and buying and selling. The key remains in Indonesia Police which is proactive in building communication bridges which according to the Elaboration Likelihood Model theory involves peripherals. In order to attract a response from the community, the South Jakarta Metro Police for Drug Investigation Unit uses more peripheral routes after considering the behavior of the people of South Jakarta. The persuasion messages used by this institution are made so simple and entertaining for the community using routine events involving the public at large, and this is in accordance with the principle of interpersonal discrimination theory where the sender tries in such a way that the receiver can be believed that the information or message received is not false information or news.
ASSESSMENT OF READING COMPREHENSION LEVELS AMONG GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSED K-12 CONTEXT APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONAL TOOL
Authors:   A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Graduate School, Roosevelt College INC.Cainta, Rizal., Joy Munsod-Fernandez Rabin ,   In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for the DegreeMaster of Arts in EducationMajor in English Studies and Instruction.
Published: February 2021

The reading comprehension is a basic requirement when the students enter in the universities or colleges or decide to work in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary for the teachers to give as many opportunities as possible by providing them with wide range of effective and useful materials in reading as well as to develop students reading habit and enhance their reading techniques. Students nowadays are observed having a great dilemma when it comes to comprehending a text. Reading comprehension is said to be the heart and goal of reading since the purpose of it is to gather meaning from the text. A good reader must always see to it that reading materials is properly understood. Most students can easily read a text but cannot comprehend its meaning. The study assesses the levels of reading comprehension of grade 11 General Academic Strand Students of Buting Senior High School towards the development of K-12 Context Appropriate Instructional Tool. This study sought to answer the following questions: What are the students reading profile? What are the levels of reading comprehension the respondents? Is there significant difference on the levels of reading comprehension of the two sections? And What K-12 instructional toolcan be proposed? The data was calculated using simple statistical tool of percentage, weighted mean and T-test. Students reading profile reveals that they read few times a week with 11-20 minutes reading time, read only one to five books during free time and they use electronic sources when reading. Students sometimes prefer to read the materials they want to read. With regards to reading techniques, they sometime make predictions, guessesand set goals when reading, however, students rarely summarize the story. There is no significant difference on students preference in reading habit and reading techniques between the two sections. The results of readingcomprehension levels:70% are outstanding in literal level 55% are satisfactory in inferential level and 42% are fair in critical-evaluative level. There is no significant difference on the levels of Reading Comprehension between the two sections. The study recommends instructional tools must be constructed which will be beneficial to the students with low levels of reading comprehension.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY SHOWING EFFECTS OF GENERAL ANAESTHESIA ON TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN INDIAN ADULTS
Authors: Singh Khanna Jaspreet , Singh Harinderpal , Jindal Naveen , Jindal Ravi , Singh Gurpreet , Kaur Navjot
Published: February 2021

During intraoperative period patients are often unconscious or their autonomic system is partially blocked, and the operation suite is generally air-cooled. There are various other settings in operation theatre causing hypothermia under anaesthesia which can change patientÂ’s thermohomeostasis. This study will discuss the factors affecting the temperature changes during general anaesthesia in Indian Adults.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION PAMPHLET REGARDING LIVER BIOPSY ON ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING LIVER BIOPSY
Authors:   M.Sc. Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi., a Manisha , Verma Madhavi ,   Associate Professor, M.Sc.Nursing, College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi., Sharma Tarika ,   Lecturer, M.Sc.Nursing, College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi.
Published: February 2021

Background: Providing information to the patients before liver biopsy level of patient during procedure.To reduce the anxiety level, coping used as an procedure may decrease the level of anxiety and can improve tolerance alternatives. There are two types of coping present: Monitoring coping style- Individuals who seek information in response to stressful situation and Blunting coping style- Individuals who avoids informationin response to stressful situation. Methods: Convenient sampling was used to enroll 80 patients, randomly assigned to Experimental and Comparison group based on Randomized days using Hospital Anxiety and Depression-sub scale and Miller-Behavioral Style Scale. Results:Out of 40 subjects 24 were monitors and 16 were blunters in the Experimental group and in the Comparison group 25 were monitors and 15 were blunters. There was significant difference found between mean anxiety score of experimental group (6.9) and comparison group (9.03) at t value = 7.557 and p = 0.01. Anxiety of Monitors was significantly less in Experimental group as compared to Comparison group (p value 0.041) at 0.041. Conclusion:Information Pamphlet was found to be effective in decreasing the anxiety of patients undergoing Liver Biopsy.
PRACTICE AND THINKING OF MODERN APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES
Authors:   Chongqing Aerospace Vocational and Technical CollegeJiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, China., Neng Luo
Published: February 2021

The modern apprenticeship system is considered the most effective educational form to implement the training mode of school-enterprise cooperation and work-study combination. In 2015, 2017, and 2018, the Ministry of Education established three modern apprenticeship pilot unit batches. Chongqing Aerospace Vocational and Technical College is the first batch of modern apprenticeship pilot institutions of the Ministry of Education. Chongqing Aerospace Vocational and Technical College has made practical explorations in five aspects, such as the integration of enrollment and recruitment, the construction of the standard system, the construction of teaching resources, the reform of personnel training mode and the construction of management mechanism, and shared four pilot experiences: careful selection of pilot majors, careful selection of pilot enterprises, grasping the essential characteristics of modern apprenticeship and meeting the connotation requirements of modern apprenticeship in essential teaching documents.
COMPARISON OF LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN AMONGST DYNAMIC EXERCISES PRACTITIONERS, YOGIC PRACTITIONERS AND SEDENTARY ADULTS
Authors:   Dabre Shripad Krishna Kolhatkar Mahavidyalya, Jalgaon Jamod Dist. Buldhana., CHANDRABHAN DABRE PRAVIN
Published: February 2021

As the hemoglobin is transport operator of gases. Researcher would like to find out the role of exercises in maintenance of hemoglobin level amongst higher age group ranges form 51-62. The studies in the gerontology had indicated that exercises delays the aging process and had impact on certain physiological aspects. The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in Hemoglobin amongst the physically active (Dynamic exercises practitioners), Yogic practitioners and Sedentary (inactive) adults. Total number of subjects selected for the study was 120, out of which 40 each were Dynamic exercises practitioners, Yogic practitioners and 40 were sedentary adults in the age group of age ranges from 51-62 years. All the subjects were tested for hemoglobin with the help of ShalliÃ¢Â€Â™s Hellis hemoglobin meter.The hemoglobin level of physically active (Dynamic exercises practitioners) and Yogic practitioners were at normal range as compared to the Sedentary (inactive) adults. The level of hemoglobin amongst Active and Inactive adults Inactive and Yogic Practitioners differs. Both active adults and Yogic Practitioners were better in hemoglobin. Though the adults does not have the normal range of level of hemoglobin, but activities in any form dynamic exercise and yogic practices had the better impact in the improvement of hemoglobin.
CASE REPORTS OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS:AN UNDERDIAGNOSED ENTITY IN AN ENDEMIC REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors:   Viral Research and Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, AMU., Sami Hiba , Wadood Khan Shariq ,   Viral Research and Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, AMU., Hassan Farogh ,   Department of Paediatrics JNMCH, AMU., Mustafa Zeeshan ,   Viral Research and Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, AMU., Ahmad Islam ,   Viral Research and Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, AMU., Afzal Kamran ,   Department of Paediatrics JNMCH, AMU., Zaka-Ur-Rab Zeeba ,   Department of Paediatrics JNMCH, AMU., M. Khan Haris ,   Viral Research and Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, AMU.
Published: February 2021

Emerging viruses causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) can be more damaging due to irreversible brain damage, irrespective of the identical medical characteristics created by all agents. We report two cases of acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Japanese encephalitis virus from a usually under-reported geographic region of India. Both patients were managed conservatively with favourable outcome in one of them.There should be considerable effort to identify the particular causative agent that triggers AES, bearing in mind the various clinical manifestations of Japanese encephalitis virus. Although there is no significant impact on management, it is possible to prevent transmission to healthy contacts and the community through vector control and vaccination.