bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre las tipologías y los órdenes prácticos en la arquitectura
Authors: Vergara Jorge , Alvarez Daniela , Dintrans Denisse , Asenjo Diego
Published: January 2021

La noción de tipología es una de las herramientas fundamentales dentro de las prácticas de conocimiento de la arquitectura. Alude a sus modos de reconocer y ordenar estructuralmente el conjunto de sus obras, pero también es un instrumento útil para distribuir y mantener abiertas sus referencias, de manera de poder integrar nuevos contenidos y cooperar con comunidades epistemológicamente diferentes. Utilizando un enfoque que integra la teoría del proyecto arquitectónico con los estudios sociales de Ciencia y Tecnología, el presente texto describe la noción de tipología a partir de definiciones presentes en la literatura arquitectónica. Se le presenta como una organización canónica de la obra realizada, como una orientación especulativa de diseño, y como un lenguaje flexible interpretativamente que permite entenderse y cooperar con otros. Finalmente se discute esta flexibilidad interpretativa como un signo de la practicidad tanto del concepto como de los modos de orden dentro de la propia arquitectura.
Investment Climate Development: Legal Regulatory Mechanism Within The Framework Of Development Of The Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Georgievitch Ermilov Valeriy , Azhmambetovna Azhmuratova Madina , Alexandrovna Pogrebinskaya Ekaterina , Valeryevich Novikov Aleksey
Published: January 2021

In the broader global sense, economic development largely depends on both the overall national development profile and the degree of administrative obstacles for business. Meanwhile, one of the global indicators of stability of a nation's development and its potential is the level of economic openness and investment attractiveness.The paper outlines a review of the literature concerned with the investment climate. Scholarly approaches to interpretations of investment climate are identified. An expert survey is used to determine the constituent factors contributing to the investment climate, the components of the legal regulatory mechanism in investment activities, as well as the directions of further unification and harmonisation of investment legislation across the member states of the EAEU in the area of investment cooperation with third countries.
The Role Of Financial Institutions In The Development Of Innovation In Russia
Authors: Novikova Natalia Gennadievna , Pirozhenko Natalya Timofeevna , Saburova Larisa Nikolaevna , Bokareva Elena Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

Innovative development of Russia is a key priority in the context of the complicated macroeconomic situation in the country, increased geopolitical risks and serious global economic challenges. Russia was in the top 60 in the innovation ranking of countries until 2018, according to the results of which it, ranked 49th, rising 13 points compared to 2017. The goal set in the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia to increase the share of industrial enterprises implementing technological innovations to 50% by 2020 requires not so much a large-scale financial flow as new incentives and instruments for financing innovation, with a focus mainly on the early stages of business development.There is an obvious need for alternative tools for financing innovations, such as crowdfunding, which combines the achievements of openness of the Internet space and the ability to use free financial resources of the population. Today, there is a historical moment in the formation of a new financial instrument, and it is important to support crowdfunding at the beginning of its development. According to World Bank estimates, investments through crowdfunding will amount to about 96 US Dollars Billion by 2025 (an increase of 30 times since 2012), which is double the global market for venture financing.
Designing a Budgeting Model in Crisis Management: Case Study of Power Generation Plants
Authors: Karimi Jahromi Shohrehosadat , Sharif Malekzadeh Mohammad , Abbas Saleh Ardestani Abbas
Published: January 2021

Important decision makings are always the imperatives of the crisis in the first moments, which, whatever the speed of decision-making by crisis management is greater, the speed of crisis control is greater. Since each organization is subject to various crises and power plants are no exception to this rule, to this end, the purpose of this study is to design a budgeting model for crisis management in a case study of power generation plants. In this research, we examine the relationship between crisis management steps and Planning, Programming and Budgeting System. A statistical population of this study is 60 managers of the power generation plants. The relationships between variables were tested using Smart-PLS software. The results of the model test showed that there is a significant relationship between budgeting dimensions and crisis management.The model fitness value is also numerically equal to 0.638, which is a strong index and indicates the overall high quality of the model.
Diagnostic Analysis of Factors for the Financial Stability of a Power Supply Company
Authors: Salova Lyubov V.
Published: January 2021

The paper discloses the approach and results of the study of the electric power market (electricity market) related to the II non-price zone on the basis of the formulation of indicators that make it possible to highlight its specificity. The results of a study devoted to the solvency of electricity consumers - individuals are revealed by comparing the level of average income in the regions of the Russian Federation and the conditional maximum amount of electricity that can be paid for from these incomes. It has been established that despite the opportunities for timely payment, there remains a low payment discipline for a number of consumers, which is reflected in the growth of receivables and, as a result, leads to cash gaps. During the review of the dynamics of debt, the scope of cash gaps was determined, which in 2018 amounted to more than 169 billion rubles. Power supply companies attract loans for timely settlements, what entails additional costs and worsens financial results. The impact of the identified factors on the main indicators of power supply companies being last resort providers of electricity in Russia, including the power supply company under study, was assessed. The results obtained will be further used to develop methods for the diagnostic analysis of critical risk zones, which determine the financial stability of the power supply company being a single purchaser and last resort provider of the 2nd non-price zone.
Identifying and Ranking Implementation Strategies of Human Resources Productivity Improvement Management in IRAN Insurance Company
Authors: Mahalati Taghi , Gelard Parvaneh , Valmohammadi Changiz , Toorani Heidar
Published: January 2021

Improving quality of workforce, acquiring new skills, and identifying factors influencing on human resources productivity will help the organization to strive for its improvement. Deploying management strategies for productivity improvement enables productivity to be promoted as a continuous process, identifying productivity paths, and laying necessary groundwork.This study was conducted to identify and rank human resources management improvement strategies in Iran Insurance Company, with effective and impressionable indicators. To do this, two methods of non-probability and snowball sampling were used, opinions of 15 experts of Iran Insurance Company were considered as the largest insurance supply network in the country. Process of this research was consisted of five steps: a) Identifying factors influencing human resources productivity by studying relevant literature, b) Screening of identified factors using Fuzzy Delphi technique in Iran Insurance Company ,c) Determining interactions and prioritizing factors influencing human resources productivity using Fuzzy Demetel; d) Determining deployment strategies for improving productivity through depth interviews with experts; and e) Ranking productivity deployment strategies using Fuzzy Victor method. Results showed that job satisfaction factor is the most effective and also the highest priority among 15 factors influencing human resources productivity in Iran Insurance Company. Results also showed that establishment of productivity research system ranked as the highest among 7 identified research strategies.
Políticas Económicas Implementadas Por El Gobierno De Nicaragua Para Mitigar Los Efectos Negativos Del Covid-19 Sobre La Economía Nicaragüense En El Año 2020
Authors: Matus  Rodríguez Frank Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Las Políticas Económicas implementadas por el Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional (GRUN) para mitigar los efectos negativos del COVID-19 en la economía nicaragüense son el principal tema abordado en la presente investigación. En la misma, se valora la naturaleza, fines, objetivos, instrumentos, alcances y resultados de dichas Políticas Económicas.
The Impact of Mobile Learning on EFL Students’ Learning Behaviors and Perceptions: From Content Delivery to Blended Interaction
Authors: Linh Vo Thuy , Vu Nguyen Ngoc
Published: January 2021

Mobile learning (M - learning) emerges as the essential mark of technological revolution 4.0 and the great development of modern technology. It has proved that their smart functions were accompanied by the rapid expansion of mobile devices to support learning of learners everywhere and every time. Although mobile technology is expected to apply suitably to teaching and learning, the capacity of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students to use mobile devices to support their English learning needs to be thoroughly evaluated. This paper is to present how EFL learners at a Vietnam University can exploit mobile technology by questionnaire through a survey of 300 EFL students. The investigation took place during the second semester of the 2018 - 2019 school year. The quantitative approach has been used to gather and analyze data, and results have shown that EFL students are confident of learning English through mobile devices through their use of mobile technology. This shows that learning English by mobile devices is feasible and has got positive perceptions from the students. Furthermore, the research results are expected to contribute as a theoretical background as reference for future researches related to mobile learning applications.
Publieke en private handhaving van het kartelverbod – een convergente toepassing van dezelfde norm?
Authors: Römkens Ellen , Prompers Anke , Bouman Aron , Kuijper Marc , Lamberti Reinier
Published: January 2021

Publieke en private handhaving van het kartelverbod – een convergente toepassing van dezelfde norm?

In dit tweeluik zal aan de hand van rechtspraak worden geïnventariseerd of ten aanzien van (a) het bewijzen van kartelafspraken en (b) de wijze van toerekening, we op het eerste oog kunnen spreken van een convergente toepassing van het kartelverbod door de Nederlandse bestuursrechter en de civiele rechter.
Het CK Telecoms-arrest: vier is (g)een magisch getal
Authors: van Ginneken Pepijn , Béquet Gaëlle
Published: January 2021

Het CK Telecoms-arrest: vier is (g)een magisch getal

Bespreking van het CK Telecoms-arrest van het Gerecht over de SIEC-test uit de Concentratieverordening.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques
Authors: M. Nzangya Japheth , N. Ndunda Elizabeth , O. Bosire Geoffrey , S. Martincigh Bice , O. Nyamori Vincent
Published: January 2021

Environmental pollution has been a challenging phenomenon in most developing countries, due to the weak enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result, humans and animals are exposed to different environmental pollutants, which threaten their very existence. Some of the emerging pollutants of great concern are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) since they are categorized as probable human carcinogens and are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of animals and humans, reaching toxic levels upon continued exposure. Monitoring of these pollutants is therefore paramount as it contributes to addressing the problem of human exposure and environmental pollution. Their monitoring involves sample preparation methods followed by quantification with various detection techniques. Sample preparation methods that aim at reducing matrix interferences, enriching analytes and transfer of analytes to a desirable solvent, have evolved from conventional methods to advanced methods that facilitate the detection of these chemicals at very low concentrations. Likewise, detection techniques have advanced from chromatographic detection techniques to miniaturized systems that involve sensors. This chapter discusses PBDEs as emerging pollutants, their sources, and toxicological implications on humans, as well as advances in sample preparation methods and detection techniques in the determination of PBDEs.
The Impact of the Strategic Interests and Communicative Actions between the Socially Responsible Entrepreneurial Universities and University - Industry Collaboration Ecosystem
Authors: Aliu Dorian , Aliu Armando
Published: January 2021

There is a natural harmony between the organizations’ stakeholders and corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. The roles of socially responsible entrepreneurial universities have become more important among many organizational structures that produce solutions to global social problems and transnational challenges. Recently, the UIC interface structures within the socially responsible entrepreneurial universities have ensured effective communication with stakeholders in the UIC ecosystem due to the strategic collaborative projects. Furthermore, the effective communication they provide strengthens trust and reciprocal understanding among organizations, creates a harmonious collaboration environment, and develops a more efficient understanding of partnership. The purpose of this study is to examine the attributes and operations of the UIC structures functioning in socially responsible entrepreneurial universities and explore the CSR-related projects potentials and project management culture of these structures with their stakeholders. In this context, the CSR-related communications and actions with the companies that are actively working in Technoparks, which are among the UIC interfaces, were examined by taking into account the nexus between the stakeholders, companies, and the UIC interfaces. In this study, case study research and content analysis were applied in terms of methodology.
Preparation of Hollow Nanostructures via Various Methods and Their Applications
Authors: Tahan Mangapul Situmeang Rudy
Published: January 2021

The hollow nanomaterial is a unique material to be developed because of its characteristics, especially the surface area where it has more surfaces than other materials. In general, hollow nanomaterials could be synthesized using hard-templated, soft-templated, self-templated, template-free and simple methods. In this chance, the catalyst preparation focused on using a simple method to study its activity on the dyes photodegradation reaction, deNOx reaction, carbon dioxides utilization, and photoconversion of chemical compounds. The characterization is emphasized on Scanning electron and Transmission electron Microscopes were used to identify its structure and characteristics. Furthermore, the analysis of UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC is done to point out its activity on the photodegradation of dyes, deNOx reaction, and photoconversion of cellulose and carbon dioxides utilization.
Empathy for Pain
Authors: Ozdemir Oktem Ece , Cankaya Seyda
Published: January 2021

Empathy is essential for being human for understanding and sharing other people’s affective and mood, including pain. Pain empathy is a mental ability that allows one person to understand another person’s pain and how to respond to that person effectively. The same neural structures as pain and empathy have recently been found to be involved in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. When someone witnesses other’s pain, besides the visual cortex, various parts of the nervous system activate, including the neural network of empathy. Empathy includes not only pain but also other emotions, such as anger, sadness, fear, distress. These findings raised beg the question of whether empathy for pain is unique in its neural correlates. It is essential to know for revealing empathy is a specific context or in a state of chronic pain, depression or anxiety disorders. Because of this, pain empathy has been the central focus of empathy research in social neuroscience and other related fields, highlighting the importance of empathy for pain in daily life. Considering how pain plays a crucial role in the quality of life, determining its network and neurocognitive correlations in the empathy processing may provide a novel therapeutic approach for pain management. This area, which is still under investigation, can provide new information about pain. Under the recent studies and hypothesis, we have aimed to clarify the term of pain empathy, its components, and its neural correlates.
Cover Crop Residue Management for Effective Use of Mineralized Nitrogen in Greenhouse Tomato Production
Authors: A. Muchanga Rafael , Araki Hajime
Published: January 2021

Adequate residue management may enhance the benefits of cover crops on greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) productivity, soil N pool, N cycling, and environmental quality. Regardless of management, cover crops may maintain or increase soil N storage at 10 cm depth compared with bare fallow. Cover crops may also enhance microbial biomass N, as a result, soil N availability may increase with cover crops, except rye (Secale cereale L.), more so with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.; HV) incorporation than HV mulch and the biculture of HV and rye. Residual inorganic N at surface soil may increase with cover crops, more so with HV and rye monocultures than the biculture. Tomato yield may increase more with the biculture than either HV incorporation or HV mulch because of an efficient residue-N use by tomatoes. The biculture may change the N release pattern from both cover crops: rye of the biculture may release more N than the monoculture, while HV may release a similar or more N in the late than in the early period of tomato growth. With adequate seeding HV/rye ratio (2/1), biculture may maintain or increase soil N storage, increase N cycling and tomato yield, and improve environmental quality.
Comparison of Clinical and Chest CT Characteristics of Adult Patients with COVID-19 and Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Wang Zhengtong , Sun Zhanguo , Chen Yueqin , Zhao Wenwen , Liu Xiaolong , Zhang Zhongsheng , Qin Wenheng , Guo Xiang , Wang Weiwei , Liu Wei
Published: January 2021

Background: Early differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mycoplasma Pneumonia (MP) are hampered by non-specific symptoms, the lack of rapid responding laboratory measures and the presence of family aggregation. Chest computed tomography (CT) plays a significant role to detect the distribution, density and morphology of lesions caused by either COVID-19 or MP. Objectives: To compare the symptoms, laboratory parameters, and chest CT results of adults with COVID-19 and MP and to assess the use of these findings in the differential diagnosis of these diseases. Patients and Methods: The initial clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and chest CT findings of 45 adult patients with COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) and 55 adult patients with MP (MP group) were reviewed retrospectively. All of the patients were diagnosed in the public hospitals in the epidemic area from 20 January to 28 February 2020. Results: Muscle ache and fatigue were more frequently present in the COVID-19 group (P = 0.009 and 0.029, respectively). Increased procalcitonin levels were more common in the MP group (P = 0.001). The chest CT results indicated that bilateral lung involvement, ground glass opacities, “crazy-paving” patterns, and air bronchogram signs were more common in the COVID-19 group (P < 0.001 for all), respectively. However, single lobe involvement, pulmonary consolidations, lobular central nodules, generalized bronchial wall thickening with luminal stenosis, and bronchial mucus impaction were more common in the MP group (P < 0.001 for all). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of a model established using CT parameters indicated a good or excellent performance in distinguishing COVID-19 from MP. Conclusion: COVID-19 and MP have similar clinical manifestations and laboratory results in early stage. However, the chest CT findings are valuable in the differential diagnosis of these two diseases, particularly in patients from COVID-19 epidemic areas.
Dialogues on the Rational and the Suprarational
Authors: Morsey David ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

The barriers that exist between theistic and non-theistic scholars, as well as between Christians and non-Christians, are a double tragedy. On the one hand, such barriers deprive both of the valuable contributions that each might make to the other. On the other hand, they contribute to the already devastating effects of the contentions and conflicts that exist in the pursuit of truth. This article analyzes the problem as to its fundamental causes, and offers recommendations as to its resolution.
Justice for Children
Authors: Beste Jennifer ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

A major oversight in Catholicism’s clergy abuse crisis is its failure to examine how assumptions about children and norms concerning adult-children interactions contributed to child sexual abuse and bishops’ systematic cover-up. An adequate response must include new practices based on a revised child-centered account of what constitutes justice for children. In this paper, I develop an account of justice drawing on four sources: 1) Margaret Farley’s account of justice; 2) research findings from my ethnographic study observing and interviewing Catholic second graders about receiving the Sacrament of Reconciliation; 3) the interdisciplinary field of childhood studies; and 4) the Catholic tradition.
Virtually…Everything 2020: Generating and Housing Substantial and Engaging Online Programming
Authors: Brown Christopher A. , Suni Karin
Published: January 2021

On March 17, 2020, the Free Library of Philadelphia closed its physical locations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although our buildings were closed, library workers continued to generate online content and promote the library’s electronic services to the general public.
A green and low-cost of mesoporous electrode based activated carbon monolith derived from fallen teak leaves for high electrochemical performance
Authors: Taer Erman , Miftah Ainul , Agustino A , Widya Sinta , Apriwandi A , Taslim Rika
Published: January 2021

Mesoporous carbon materials derived from the novel biomass of fallen teak leaves were synthesized using versatile, low cost, and environmentally friendly route. Therefore, mesoporous carbon materials were prepared in the monolith form, followed by treatment with the integrated pyrolysis of both carbonization and physical activation. In addition, there are detailed studies and analysis on the influences of chemical activation processes under different concentrations on the textural properties, morphology, crystalline degree, chemical elements and electrochemical performance. These mesoporous carbon possess the highest specific surface area of 489.81 m2 g-1, with a pore volume of 0.293 cm3 g-1, and well-developed mesoporosity. Hence, the electrode of mesoporous carbon for supercapacitor in two electrode system with 1 M H2SO4 , exhibits a high specific capacitance of 280 F g-1 without heteroatom doping. This report provides an effective route to utilize the novel biomass of fallen teak leaves, with the potential benefits of waste reduction and the production of excellent electrode to serve as energy storage materials.
The role of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system in periodontitis
Authors: Obradović Vesna
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of periodontal disease is very high in the adult population. According to research results, as much as 46% of the total population was affected by periodontal disease in the period from 2010 to 2012, which would mean that 64.7 million people had periodontitis, of which 8% had a severe form of this disease. Having in mind the clinical and socioeconomic significance of periodontitis, this review aims to present in a comprehensive way the pathogenetic aspects of periodontitis with a special emphasis on oxidative stress and antioxidant protection mechanisms as possible molecular mechanisms for the development of periodontitis in adults. Oxidation stress is involved in the progression of periodontitis as a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontium, which occurs as a result of imbalance between host response and bacterial infection. At the same time there is a decreased antioxidant activity and salivary gland capacity, which contributes to the further development of this disease. MDA is the most common lipid peroxidation derivative that occurs in periodontitis. All of the mentioned literature data suggest that the elevated MDA values may be due to both local and systemic oxidative stress as a response to inflammatory periodontal disease alone or in combination with other systemic disorders and smoking. The harmful effects of ROS during oxidative stress occur through lipid peroxidation processes and irreversible protein modification to cell apoptosis and programmed cell death. In addition to the two most important signal pathways, caspase pathway and NADPH oxidase-4 pathway, several other signaling pathways mediate in oxidative cell damage: PERK/NRF2 signal path, JNK / mitogen-activating pathway (MAP). When a clinically visible inflammatory process occurs in periodontium, this usually presents a condition that is more or less irreversible. In parodontology, therefore, the idea of introducing biochemical analyzes to diagnose the inflammatory process in parodontium is still open before it can be seen at the clinical level. For this reason, the significance of the role of oxidative stress, the antioxidant protection of the organism and the molecular mechanisms by which damage occurs is an indisputable importance. Assessment and measurement of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes can play a central role in monitoring biochemical indicators of parodontium state and even assist with various methods of treatment of periodontal disease.
Proto-Transmedial Narrative Structures: Lewis Carroll’s A Tangled Tale
Authors: López-Varela Azcárate Asunción
Published: January 2021

This paper explores A Tangled Tale, a collection of mathematical puzzles that Charles Ludwick Dodgson serialized in The Monthly Packet between 1880 and 1885. The hybrid narrative patterns that present mathematical questions by means of fictional storytelling are a unique form of scientific knowledge dissemination that anticipates the breakdown of narrative linearity and the emergence of multiform formats present in transmedia. An inquiry into the Rule of Three and infinite regress tie the knots of a tale that highlights crucial insights on the algorithmic foregrounding of the strategies of transmedia design. Such strategies can be seen as the intersection of narrative as well as mathematical expertise that turn the media galaxy into a cosmic affair.
Genome-wide comparison of four MRSA clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary
Authors: Naorem Romen Singh , Blom Jochen , Fekete Csaba
Published: January 2021

Staphylococcus aureusis a drug-resistant pathogen, capable of colonizing diverse ecological niches and causing a broad spectrum of infections related to a community and healthcare. In this study, we choose four methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary based on our previous polyphasic characterization finding. We assumed that the selected strains have a different genetic background in terms of the presence of resistance and virulence genes, prophages, plasmids, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes that may play a crucial role in niche adaptation and pathogenesis. To clarify these assumptions, we performed a comparative genome analysis of these strains and observed many differences in their genomic compositions. The Hungarian isolates (SA H27 and SA H32) with ST22-SCCmectype IVa have fewer genes for multiple-drug resistance, virulence, and prophages reported in Germany isolates. Germany isolate, SA G6 acquires aminoglycoside (ant(6)-Ia and aph(3’)-III) and nucleoside (sat-4) resistance genes via phage transduction and may determine its pathogenic potential. The comparative genome study allowed the segregation of isolates of geographical origin and differentiation of the clinical isolates from the commensal isolates. This study suggested that Germany and Hungarian isolates are genetically diverse and showing variation among them due to the gain or loss of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). An interesting finding is the addition of SA G6 genome responsible for the drastic decline of the core/pan-genome ratio curve and causing the pan-genome to open wider. Functional characterizations revealed thatS. aureusisolates survival are maintained by the amino acids catabolism and favor adaptation to growing in a protein-rich medium. The dispersible and singleton genes content ofS. aureusgenomes allows us to understand the genetic variation among the CC5 and CC22 groups. The strains with the same genetic background were clustered together, which suggests that these strains are highly alike; however, comparative genome analysis exposed that the acquisition of phage elements, and plasmids through the events of MGEs transfer contribute to differences in their phenotypic characters. This comparative genome analysis would improve the knowledge about the pathogenicS. aureusstrain’s characterization, and responsible for clinically important phenotypic differences among theS. aureusstrains.
Acoustic monitors and direct observations provide similar but distinct perspectives on bird assemblages in a lowland forest of eastern Ecuador
Authors: Blake John G.
Published: January 2021

Bird communities in lowland Neotropical forests exhibit temporal and spatial variation in species composition and abundance at multiple scales. Detecting and explaining such variation requires adequate methods for sampling those bird communities but counting birds in highly diverse lowland forests of the Neotropics can be particularly challenging. Point counts are one of the most frequently used methods for counting birds in tropical forests but inter- and intra-observer variability in detecting and identifying sounds may cause problems. Acoustic monitors (passive acoustic monitors; autonomous recording units) provide an alternative and potentially effective method to sample bird communities by acting, in effect, as “point counts”, recording vocalizations at a given point for a set time. I used acoustic monitors to examine patterns of species richness, spatial distribution, and community composition of birds in a lowland forest in eastern Ecuador, one of the most diverse regions on earth. I deployed monitors at 25 locations, each separated by at least 200 m, on each of two 100-ha plots (Harpia, Puma) at Tiputini Biodiversity Station during January–February, 2013–2017. Monitors were set to record for 10 min followed by a 5-min break, from 0545 h to 0810 h (10 recording periods/morning). Recordings were later reviewed to identify species; no attempt was made to distinguish individuals or to estimate distance. Results were compared with contemporaneous direct observations along transects on the same plots. A total of 214 species were identified from recordings on both plots, combined, with slightly more on Harpia (208) than on Puma (188). Number per year ranged from 142 on Harpia in 2016 to 161 on Puma in 2015. Number per point was ~45 with an overall range of 29–68. Number of species detected in recordings was similar to but somewhat less than the number recorded during direct observations. Number of species recorded increased rapidly from the first period (0545–0555 h) to the third (0615–0625 h) but showed little subsequent change. Most species were recorded at relatively few points; the four most widely distributed species were the same on both plots (Patagioenas plumbea, Xiphorhynchus guttatus, Capito aurita, Ramphastos tucanus), all of which are relatively loud canopy or subcanopy species. Ordinations based on species composition illustrated differences between plots based on both recordings and direct observations; similarly, patterns of species composition differed between methods. Acoustic monitors can be an effective tool for sampling bird communities and may be particularly effective and efficient for sampling loud species with distinctive songs. Nonetheless, results from monitors may provide different perspectives on species composition when compared to direct observations. Which method is preferred likely will depend on the specific objectives of individual studies.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism in COVID-19: Initial Experience from India
Authors: Kunal Shekhar , Bhatia Harnish , Sharma Sohan Kumar , Sharma Shashi Mohan , Bhandari Sudhir
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary thromboembolic complications are increasingly being recognised in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Most of the cases of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) are often missed in presence of non-specific symptoms. The present report is about a 90-year-old COVID-19 positive male, asymptomatic on presentation, with no prior co-morbidities who developed acute onset shortness of breath along with elevated D-dimer levels four days post admission. Subsequently, a Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) was done which revealed segmental and sub-segmental thromboembolism in upper and middle lobar branches of right pulmonary artery along with bilateral lower lobe ground-glass opacities consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. As the patient was haemodynamically stable, he was managed conservatively on low molecular weight heparin and subsequently discharged on oral anti-coagulants. This report highlights the need for prompt evaluation of symptoms such as dyspnoea in COVID-19 patients and to rule out thromboembolic complications in them. In resource limited countries such as India with most of the COVID-19 centres having limited access to CT scans, triaging patients based on clinical suspicion and serially rising D-dimer levels may help identify those with thromboembolic complications.
Evaluation of an online case-based learning module that integrates basic and clinical sciences
Authors: Major Christine A. , Burnham Kara D. , Brown Kathryn A. , Lambert Chad D. , Nordeen Jenny M. , Takaki Leslie A.K.
Published: January 2021

Objective

Case-based online modules can be created to integrate basic science and clinical science knowledge. An integrated module was designed, implemented, and evaluated for student performance and perception.

Methods

Five faculty members from both basic science and clinical education departments developed an integrative, online, case-based learning module. The case involved a patient with facial asymmetry, and the student was led to a diagnosis of Bell's palsy. Material on Bell's palsy was presented in an integrated module in addition to traditional lecture for a fall cohort of students and was presented only in traditional lecture format to a winter cohort of students. Both cohorts were given the same 5 multiple-choice questions on Bell's palsy as part of a midterm exam, and the scores of these test questions were compared between cohorts. A 13-question, mixed-methods survey was given to the fall cohort to determine their perceptions of the module and their learning.

Results

Multiple-choice test question performance was equivalent between cohorts for the Bell's palsy questions (fall 2018: mean = 3.68, SD = 0.99; winter 2019: mean = 3.51, SD = 0.92). Perception survey responses indicated that students felt positively about the integrated module and that it was applicable and helpful with improving, reinforcing, and integrating basic science and clinical knowledge.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that case-based integrated modules are perceived favorably by students and result in similar exam question performance. They can be a useful tool to help students connect information throughout the chiropractic curriculum.
School meals and quality of household food acquisitions
Authors: Cleary Rebecca , Bonanno Alessandro , Ghazaryan Armen , Bellows Laura , McCloskey Morgan
Published: January 2021

School meals provide nourishment to a large portion of US schoolchildren. Research has examined the relationship between the consumption of school meals and the quality of schoolchildren's diets, with little emphasis on studying spillovers at the household level. Using National Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey data and unconditional quantile regression, we study the relationship between a household's quality of food‐at‐home acquisitions and the number of school meals acquired, subsampling households by their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation status. We do not find strong evidence supporting beneficial spillovers of school meals on a household's quality of food‐at‐home acquisitions.

JEL CLASSIFICATION

C31; D12; I14; Q18
A Review on Ceo2‐Based Electrocatalyst and Photocatalyst in Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Qingqing , Song Lianpeng , Liang Zhong , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Huang Bolong , Luo Feng , Du Yaping , Yan Chun-Hua
Published: January 2021

The activation and conversion of small molecules (H2, O2, H2O, CO2, N2, CH3OH, and C2H5OH) in energy‐related systems has attracted researchers’ attentions around the world. The conversion of these molecules plays a key role in renewable energy storage and conversion systems, and for that, the electrocatalysis and photocatalysis processes are considered as clean and efficient strategies. Numerous materials are designed to promote the conversion process to satisfy the different requirements for efficiency and selectivity. Due to the flexible switching between Ce3+ and Ce4+ with rich oxygen defects, CeO2‐based materials display excellent performance in all the related reaction processes. Herein, the CeO2‐based electro(photo)catalysts according to different reactions are summarized. Specifically, the influence of material compositions, morphologies, and structures on catalytic performance is discussed, and the significant role of CeO2 is emphasized. Finally, several approaches are advocated to promote the development of CeO2‐based electro(photo)catalysis and accelerate their industrial application.
A systematic review to examine the relationship between objective and patient‐reported outcome measures in sinonasal disorders: recommendations for use in research and clinical practice
Authors: Ta Ngan Hong , Gao Jack , Philpott Carl
Published: January 2021

Background

Common sinonasal disorders include chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), and a deviated nasal septum (DNS), which often coexist with shared common symptoms including nasal obstruction, olfactory dysfunction, and rhinorrhea. Various objective outcome measures and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess disease severity; however, there is limited evidence in the literature on the correlation between them. This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between them and provide recommendations.

Methods

A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified studies quantifying correlations between objective outcome measures and PROMs for the sinonasal conditions using a narrative synthesis.

Results

In total, 59 studies met inclusion criteria. For nasal obstruction, rhinomanometry shows a lack of correlation whereas peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) shows the strongest correlation with PROMs (r > 0.5). The Sniffin’ Stick test shows a stronger correlation with PROMs (r > 0.5) than the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) (r < 0.5). Computed tomography (CT) sinus scores show little evidence of correlation with PROMs and nasal endoscopic ratings (weak correlation, r < 0.5).

Conclusion

Overall, objective outcome measures and PROMs assessing sinonasal symptoms are poorly correlated, and we recommend that objective outcome measures be used with validated PROMs depending on the setting. PNIF should be used in routine clinical practice for nasal obstruction; rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry may be useful in research. The Sniffin’ Sticks test is recommended for olfactory dysfunction with UPSIT as an alternative. CT scores should be excluded as a routine CRS outcome measure, and endoscopic scores should be used in combination with PROMs until further research is conducted.
Lipid Fractions, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Bioactive Compounds of Lithospermum officinale L. Seeds
Authors: Lyashenko Svetlana , Yunusova Svetlana , López‐Ruiz Rosalía , Vasfilova Evgeniya , Kiseleva Olga , Chimitov Daba , Bahanova Milada , Bojko Natalija , Guil‐Guerrero José Luis
Published: January 2021

Seeds of Lithospermum officinale L. from different climatic zones were analyzed for new sources of γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6) and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n‐3). Cultured Borago officinalis was also analyzed for comparative purposes. Analyses were conducted for fatty acid (FA) profiles of the glyceride oils from the seeds and in the neutral and polar lipids by gas chromatography (GC); lipid classes by open column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC); and tocopherols, sterols, and phenolic compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD), and the later compounds were confirmed by liquid‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS). L. officinale from St. Petersburg Botanical Garden showed the highest percentage of GLA (17.9% of total FA), while wild‐growing L. officinale from the Rostov region contained the highest percentage of SDA (17.2% of total FA). Total FA content ranged from 11.3 to 20.8% of seed weight. Neutral and polar lipids accounted for ~98 and 2.27%, respectively, of total lipids. Five neutral lipid classes were identified (% of NL): triterpene esters (1.3), triacylglycerols (93.1), free FA (1.8), diacylglycerols (1.4), and monoacylglycerols (2.4). The highest tocopherol content was found in samples from Chechen Republic (35.7 mg/100 g), in which the δ isomer was the main component. Samples from the Rostov region had the highest amounts of sterols (83.8 mg/100 g), and Δ5‐avenasterol was the predominant compound in all samples. L. officinale seeds contain high amounts of phenolic compounds (389.9 mg/100 g as upper limit), in which rosmarinic acid is highlighted. Overall, all data suggest the possibility of using L. officinale seed oil in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulae and as functional food.
What deubiquitinating enzymes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors actually do: Are current assumptions supported by patient outcomes?
Authors: Gregoire‐Mitha Sophie , Gray Douglas A.
Published: January 2021

Context can determine whether a given gene acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate the stability of many components of the pathways dictating cell fate so it would be expected that alterations in the levels or activity of these enzymes may have oncogenic or tumor suppressive consequences. In the current review we survey publications reporting that genes encoding DUBs are oncogenes or tumor suppressors. For many DUBs both claims have been made. For such “double agents,” the effects of gain or loss of function will depend on the overall status of a complex of molecular signaling networks subject to extensive crosstalk. As the TGF‐β paradox makes clear context is critical in cell fate decisions, and the disconnect between experimental findings and patient survival outcomes can in part be attributed to disparities between culture conditions and the microenvironment in vivo. Convincing claims for oncogene or tumor suppressor roles require the documentation of gene alterations in patient samples; survival curves are alone inadequate.
New lanthanide‐free self‐activated full‐color emission phosphor in Y3+ doped Sr3Bi(VO4)3 system for white light emitting diode applications
Authors: Sreena T.S. , Rao P. Prabhakar , Thara T.R. Aju , Raj Athira K.V.
Published: January 2021

Commercially used inorganic phosphors heavily depend on lanthanide doped host materials which are becoming more expensive and also their availability is limited due to scarcity. In this regard, a new lanthanide‐free self‐activated full‐color emission phosphor in Y3+ doped Sr3Bi(VO4)3 system was developed by the conventional ceramic route. These phosphors crystallize into a hexagonal‐type palmierite mineral structure. They exhibit broad excitation bands in the wavelength region of 250–400 nm, owing to the charge transfer transitions from both O2− and Bi6s2 electrons to V5+. Upon excitation, these phosphors show bright broad emissions in the 400–750 nm wavelength range, peaking around 535 nm, with a large full width half maximum of 160 nm. The Y substitution allows tuning of the emission from yellowish green to bluish white due to increased distortion of [VO4]3− tetrahedron. Consequently, the CIE color coordinates changed from (0.42, 0.50) to (0.31, 0.35) which lies in the near‐white region in the chromaticity diagram. Thus, the newly developed Y doped Sr3Bi(VO4)3 is a promising lanthanide‐free full‐color emission phosphor for applications in pc‐white light emitting diodes.
Understanding and assessing juvenile sexual offenders
Authors: Affleck Katie
Published: January 2021

Over the past several decades, increasing attention has been focused on sexual abuse and problematic sexual behavior perpetrated by children and youth. The nature and scope of juvenile sexual offending is considerable. Nationwide, juveniles under the age of 18 make up just under 20% of those arrested for sexual offenses (Center for Sex Offender Management 2018). Juvenile sexual offenders (JSOs) are a specific subset of this population, encompassing “[a] person who has been convicted of a sexual offense and who is considered by law to be old enough to be held criminally responsible for the crime, but not so old as to be subject to the full range of adult criminal sanctions” (Barbaree and Marshall 2006, p. 3). While this is a concise definition, of note the cardinal criterion is not a specific behavior, but the interaction between a behavior and the justice system. As such, it is important to note that it is not until the youth has been found guilty or adjudicated in a court of law that the term “JSO” is technically accurate.
Specific situations may require different relative indications
Authors: Zaalouk Tamer Mohamed , Bitar Zouheir Ibrahim , Maadarani Ossama Sajeh
Published: January 2021

In specific situations such as patient with severely dilated left ventricle (LV) and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) who suffered an ischemic stroke previously may be an acceptable indication for oral anticoagulation to prevent further TE events.
Amination of Cyclohexanol over a Ni‐Based Catalyst – Part II: Catalyst Stability and Reaction Pathway
Authors: Churro Rui , Mendes Fernando , Araújo Paulo , Ribeiro Maria Filipa , Madeira Luís M.
Published: January 2021

Ni‐based catalysts present a highly interesting performance for the reductive amination of cyclohexanol (CHOL). The stability of a commercial Ni‐based catalyst was evaluated and a high stability over the tested time‐on‐stream (TOS) was observed. The reaction network was evaluated by analysis of selectivity profiles as a function of CHOL conversion. The formation of cyclohexylamine (CHA) was found to be consistent with the proposed borrowing hydrogen method (BHM). The formation of heavy‐end (HE) by‐products also follows the BHM pathway as parallel reaction. The effect of individual molar proportions of NH3 and H2 was evaluated. It was found that when H2 is present in a high excess, side reactions were favored, but its presence is mandatory towards keeping the catalyst active.