bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LEVEL FROM SELECTED AREAS OF RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Pervez S. , Siddique M. S. , Abdullah H. Y. , Zahra A. , Khanzada N. K. , Fareed H. , Hasnain G.
Published: August 2021

Anthropogenic contaminants arising from both stationary (power plants, industries and residential heating) and mobile sources (road traffic) can harm ambient air quality in urban areas. Depending upon their physical state, these pollutants are classified as liquid and vapor phases and are subsequently transported to the Earth’s surface through dry and wet deposition. After the deposition of these pollutants onto the surface of earth various health effects caused by these pollutants occurred like cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. In this study four different locations/sites were selected from the Rawalpindi city depending upon the population, traffic rush and industries to examine the noise level, concentration of carbon dioxide and heavy metals. Air sampler was used for the collection of air sample to analyze the heavy metal concentration, Quest electronic sound meter for measuring sound level and SIBATA for CO2 measurement. The study findings revealed that noise level was higher at all selected locations as described by WHO limit (70 dB) being highest at Industrial area due to heavy machinery and lowest at green area. Concentration of all four heavy metals were high as compared with the prescribed limits. CO2 level reaches up to 300 ppm because of coal consumption during the winter season. The threshold values of all these selected parameters well above the prescribed limits defined by the authorities so to combat with this situation we should move towards more energy efficient fuels, proper maintenance of vehicles and machineries, traffic management and installation of noise barriers in industries as well as installation of catalytic convertors in vehicles to stop further air pollution.
AN EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO ANALYZE BIG DATA
Authors: Yashkun U. , Akram W. , Memon I. A.
Published: August 2021

An efficient and cost-effective piecewise mathematical model is presented to represent a descriptive huge data mathematically. The techniques of function lines as decision boundaries are applied to incorporate the big data of the organization into slope intercept form. Which may be very helpful for a better understanding of discrete data to obtain sustainable and accurate results. Based on the boundaries limitation results of the collected data of the Federal Board of Revenue, the income tax against the income is studied. And finally the reliability of piecewise function to optimize the role of strategic management in any organization is investigated. The results showed that, the slope rate measured in the boundaries of income in percentage or increased slope rate is in good agreement with that predicted by the organization in descriptive form.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM SOME SELECTED STREAMS AND RIVERS IN DISTRICT GILGIT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Din Saif Ud , Ali S. , Nafees M. A. , Ali H. , Hassan S. N. , Ali Z. , , Earjh
Published: August 2021

This study aims to provide information about the drinking water quality of two streams in Chakarkote Sai and Demote Sai and two rivers in Gilgit and Hunza. Parameters were tested including physical, and chemical. The physical parameters were temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia (NH4),total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and reactive orthophosphate (PO4). The ranges of these parameters set by WHO and NEQs, as most of the Asian countries also follow the WHO standards. All the samples were tested in the EPA certified laboratory of biological sciences department Karakorum international university Gilgit Baltistan. The minimum and maximum values of temperature 15.2-18.4, PH 6.78-6.09, EC 109.3-297 µS, TDS 53.8-149 ppm, Turbidity 0.29-88.4 NTU, DO 7.1-8.9 mg/l, TN 5.63-7.13 mg/l, NH4 0.0106-0.0151 mg/l, TP 0.042-0.143mg/l, and PO4 0.0059-0.016 mg/l. Independent T test was applied separately for both streams and rivers to determine significant difference of water properties with respect to location wise. Water parameters like DO and TP were significantly, while temperature, PH, EC, TDS, turbidity, TN, NH4, PO4 were non-significant in streams and TDS, turbidity, DO and TN were significant, while temperature, PH, EC, NH4, TP, PO4 were non-significant in rivers according to area wise.
REVIEW OF USE OF NANO MATERIAL IN MODIFYING THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Authors: Jan Irfan U.
Published: August 2021

Modern technologies have affected all fields of human activities. Traditionally nanotechnologies deal with material having a dimension in the range of one billionth of a meter or 100 Nano meter in size. It has been widely used in natural sciences and biomedical sciences in the fields like microbiology, medicine, electronic, chemical, and materials sciences. The application of nontechnology and Nano material in Civil Engineering is still under active research in the areas of Concrete Technology, Construction management, water purification systems, Properties of Concrete at early ages and use of modern polymers in producing High Performance Concrete (HPC). The use of Nano material to produce relatively sustainable concrete represents a promising area of research in Nano material. In this paper the State of the Art of application of Nanotechnologies to Civil Engineering and its future prospects with special reference to sustainability in construction.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CROPPING PATTERN IN CENTRAL YASIN DISTRICT GHIZER, GILGIT-BALTISTAN
Authors: Haq F. , Ali E. , Hussain S.
Published: August 2021

In this research study Linear Programming (LP) Model is applied to determine the maximum profit from the three major crops (wheat, maize and alfalfa) in Central Yasin District Ghizer, where agriculture is the main source of income, however, due to population growth the agricultural land is used to construct buildings, which has minimized the land for agricultural use. In such a challenging condition a method to suggest the cultivation of a maximum profitable crop is the need of time. Therefore, LP model is an appropriate method to decide the profitable crop and to maximize the profit. The study was conducted employing quantitative method of research, with the purpose to compare the maximum profit per annum from the major crops, and to determine the beneficial crop among the three major crops in Central Yasin. All the farmers of the study area who grow the crops were the target population of the study and samples from the target population were selected using random sampling technique. Data was collected by conducting survey in the study area, where self-made questionnaires were distributed among the samples individually and responses were noted on the spot. The raw data is organized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel for LP model formulation. The result showed that the average land used for the cultivation of wheat, maize and alfalfa in the study area is 0.924 acres, 0.664 acres and 0.75 acres respectively. Furthermore, results of the LP model showed that alfalfa is the optimal solution rather than wheat and maize, and it (alfalfa) gives an average annual net profit of Rs.195634.488.
PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH DAN SUMBER DAYA PESISIR TERINTEGRASI DALAM IMPLEMENTASI RENCANA TATA RUANG KAWASAN INDUSTRI OLEOCHEMICAL MALOY KUTAI TIMUR; (SEBUAH TELAAH KRITIS)
Authors: Wardhana Isal
Published: August 2021

Pengalaman membuktikan bahwa aktivitas pesisir sangat potensial dalam membangkitkan sektor riil, hal ini terbukti saat terjadiknya krisis ekonomi, kegiatan pada wilayah pesisir laut justru mendapatkan keuntungan yang berlipat ganda. Oleh sebab itu penting untuk mengembangkan kawasan pesisir dan mengelola sumber daya pesisir yang terintegrasi bersandarkan pada pembangunan berkelanjutan (sustainable development) dan keberlanjutan kehidupan sosial (sustainable society). Fokus penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan pengelolaan wilayah dan sumber daya pesisir terintegrasi dalam implementasi tata ruang (RTR) Kawasan Industri Oleochemical (KIO) Maloy di Kutai Timur sebagai telaah kritis studi kasus. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi. Observasi adalah dasar semua ilmu pengetahuan. Para ilmuwan hanya dapat bekerja berdasarkan data, yaitu fakta mengenai dunia kenyataan yang diperoleh melalui observasi (Sugiyono, 2012). Peneliti juga melakukan studi literatur/dokumen. Dokumen adalah peristiwa yang sudah berlalu. Dokumen bisa berupa/berbentuk tulisan, gambar atau karya-karya dari seseorang (Sugiyono, 2012). Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah, disajikan dan selanjutnya menarik kesimpulan. Analisis data ini disebut sebagai mengolah dan menafsirkan data (Muhajir, 1996). Dengan data itu, peneliti kemudian mengeksplorasi dan atau memotret situasi secara menyeluruh dan mendalam (Sugiyono, 2012). Keberadaan hutan mangrove primer terancam oleh perluasan dan pengembangan zona industri. Sementara pada RTR tersebut hanya menyisakan sedikit zona perlindungan setempat dan zona ekosistem mangrove. Zona pelayaran umum dalam pola pemanfaatan ruang juga terdapat pada wilayah pesisir (teluk) bersandingan dengan zona Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) dan jalan dalam kawasan inti. Pada zona ini yang mengkhawatirkan adalah tingginya sedimentasi pada wilayah perairan teluk dimana akan berdampak pada pendangkalan dan susahnya kapal-kapal besar akan bersandar, serta tingginya tingkat abrasi di beberapa tempat sepanjang pinggiran pantai.Kata Kunci: Sumberdaya pesisir, KIO Maloy, Kutai Timur
Genre-based Approach to Writing in EFL Contexts
Authors: Pham Vu Phi Ho , Bui Thi Kim Loan
Published: August 2021

Writing is a challenging and demanding skill for EFL learners in Vietnam. Teaching writing skills at Vietnamese universities is problematic since different approaches to writing have not been implemented effectively. Mainly, a genre-based approach to writing has not yet been implemented in EFL writing classrooms successfully. This paper investigates how the genre-based writing approach has been taught and learned at Van Lang University. The study mentions some critical notions of systemic functional linguistics, genre-based writing approach, and the importance and effects of genre-based approach to writing. 128 students turned in their midterm essays in week 5 of the 10-week writing course. These 128 expository essays were analyzed and synthesized using Microsoft Excel to calculate the differences in move-step structure. The findings indicated that the students had difficulty following the fixed move-step structure, and they also faced challenges of lexico-grammatical usage for the expository. Hence, the study suggests some implications for applying a genre-based approach to writing for EFL teachers and students and suggests further research.
Iguales en las diferencias: iniciativas de investigación transnacionales sobre Informática Educativa en Latinoamérica en el periodo 2010-2020
Authors: Silveira Ismar Frango , Casali Ana , Morales Bezeira Ana Verónica , Silva Sprock Antonio , Collazos Cesar Alberto , Cechinel Cristian , Muñoz-Arteaga Jaime , Maldonado-Mahauad Jorge , Chacón-Rivas Mario , Motz Regina , Rodés-Paragarino Virginia , Ochoa Xavier
Published: August 2021

Es sabido que América Latina es la región más desigual del planeta. Para hacer frente a la realidad, una de las cuestiones clave es impulsar la colaboración en la región, que permitan que la innovación y el conocimiento sean instrumentos fundamentales para erradicar la pobreza, combatir el hambre y mejorar la salud, así como para alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible, integrado, inclusivo y equitativo de la región. Este articulo presenta algunas iniciativas en el ámbito latinoamericano en el periodo 2010-2020, en la intersección entre la Computación y la Educación, que han surgido como redes colaborativas para fomentar la educación apoyados con las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. En ese sentido, desafíos de investigación en el campo de la Informática Educativa son planteados y las perspectivas para nuevas colaboraciones posibles son delineadas.
Um Método Baseado na Teoria da Resposta ao Item para Avaliação e Feedback Automático no Contexto de Educação Digital
Authors: Monteiro Edwin Juan Lopes Barboza , Leitão Gabriel de Souza , Barreto Raimundo da Silva
Published: August 2021

A avaliação dos conhecimentos de estudantes é tarefa corriqueira no âmbito da educação, seja para avaliar o aprendizado ou mediar a seleção de candidatos em vestibulares. Os exames que empregam uma avaliação baseada em questões de múltipla escolha, onde o aluno assinala itens durante o tempo de prova e, depois, recebe um feedback sobre a sua nota, não oferecem ao estudante contribuições significativas para o entendimento de seu desempenho. O objetivo geral deste estudo é fornecer, tanto para estudantes quanto para professores, um feedback formativo a partir da estimação das habilidades do examinando e dificuldade dos itens, por meio de uma técnica estatística denominada Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Esta técnica produz um modelo de dados sobre o desempenho dos estudantes baseado na análise das respostas coletadas nos exames. Um experimento foi realizado utilizando dados de um exame aplicado em uma escola pública de ensino médio do Amazonas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que há uma quantidade valiosa de informações que permitem analisar a relação entre os diversos itens e as habilidades estimadas. É possível classificar os alunos em uma escala de habilidade de modo que o próprio discente pode localizar sua posição em uma disciplina e simular quais tópicos podem ser estudados para obter uma maior habilidade. Do ponto de vista do professor é possível analisar quais tópicos foram mais difíceis para a turma, assim como analisar se um item elaborado está em conformidade com as aulas ministradas. Caso contrário, o professor pode refazer o item ou alterar o nível de dificuldade. Os resultados proporcionaram informações significativas que permitem a elaboração um feedback formativo capaz de fornecer aos examinandos e avaliadores as diretrizes necessárias para investigar dificuldades e contribuir para um melhor rendimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Avaliando um Aplicativo Android Para Apoiar a Aplicação de Exercícios de Computação Desplugada
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Barbosa de , Rebouças Ayla Débora Dantas de Souza
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma avaliação do "Computação Plugada", um aplicativo Android desenvolvido com o intuito de tornar mais fácil a disseminação de atividades de computação desplugada, proporcionando assim aos seus usuários o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas ao pensamento computacional. A ideia do aplicativo é que possa simplificar a aplicação dessas atividades em sala de aula, mas que também permita que usuários consigam individualmente realizar essas atividades recebendo feedback automático. Foram disponibilizados questionários online para estudantes e para professores de computação que já possuíam experiência com computação desplugada. Também foi realizada uma observação espontânea buscando identificar alguns aspectos como interesse e colaboração dos alunos de três turmas do primeiro ano do ensino médio submetidos à utilização do aplicativo em sala de aula e foi feita uma entrevista semiestruturada com a professora das turmas. Os resultados apresentados dão indícios de que o aplicativo pode ser adequado para utilização individual ou em sala de aula. Observou-se que a aplicação em sala de aula com o compartilhamento de dispositivos pode favorecer a interação entre os estudantes e a aprendizagem colaborativa, além de poder facilitar a aplicação de atividades que estimulam o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional.
Revisión de Tecnologías Educativas que Fomentan la Lectura de Comprensión Autónoma
Authors: Escobar-Acevedo Adelina , Guerrero-García Josefina
Published: August 2021

La lectura es una actividad importante tanto en la vida diaria como en la académica. A pesar de que los planes curriculares marcan objetivos bien definidos para cada grado de estudios, la lectura no se aplica extensivamente en el aula por ser altamente demandante en carga cognitiva y tiempo. Fuera del aula, los estudiantes carecen de la guía del docente, si bien pueden hacer uso de otros recursos y estrategias como hacer anotaciones, elaborar diagramas, redactar resúmenes, entre otras, para comprender los textos. El apoyo a la comprensión lectora es un desafío en el ámbito tecnológico, la tarea se encuentra dentro de los dominios llamados mal definidos, donde no existe una única respuesta correcta. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión parcial con el objetivo de identificar tecnología educativa propuesta en los últimos años que contribuye directa o indirectamente a la comprensión lectora autónoma. Se hace una breve comparación indicando objetivos y características. Finalmente, se señalan los retos futuros.
A Participação Feminina nos Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica
Authors: Paiva Thamiris Stephane Zangeski Novais , Silva Juliana Saragiotto
Published: August 2021

Historicamente, as mulheres foram relegadas ao papel de cuidadoras, reprodutoras e mantenedoras da vida na esfera doméstica. Inclusive, por muito tempo, a educação da mulher foi pautada na incorporação das Ciências relacionadas ao cuidado, em detrimento das Ciências Exatas. Atualmente, estudos demonstram o aumento da escolaridade das mulheres frente aos homens; entretanto, as mulheres continuam sendo minoria em algumas áreas do conhecimento, que, no senso comum, são destinadas aos homens. Deste modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a representação feminina em alguns cursos técnicos integrados ao Ensino Médio, da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), ofertados pelo Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso – Campus Cuiabá, Cel. Octayde Jorge da Silva, no período de 2010 a 2019. Após definido o lócus do estudo, procedeu-se à coleta de dados, em duas fases. Na primeira, foram angariadas as listagens de matrículas de estudantes dos cursos, no sistema “Q-Acadêmico” do Campus. Na segunda, foram coletados, na Plataforma Nilo Peçanha, os dados referentes à concentração feminina no lócus da pesquisa e nos demais Institutos Federais do Brasil, entre os anos de 2017 e 2019. A partir da análise e discussão dos dados, percebeu-se que a representatividade feminina, nos cursos pesquisados, foi inferior à masculina. Este fato contrapõe outras pesquisas que demonstram que, no Brasil, as matrículas na EPT vêm sendo ocupadas, majoritariamente, por mulheres. Além disso, verificou-se que as taxas de evasão feminina são menores que a masculina e que as taxas de conclusão de curso são maiores. Conclui-se assim, que apesar de as meninas terem maior representatividade na EPT em nível nacional, no recorte desta pesquisa, este fato não se repetiu.
Rechtliche Grenzen smarter Preisgestaltung
Authors: Hidar Siham
Published: August 2021

Using pricing algorithms that make use of tracking results, companies can integrate in their pricing factors external to the company, which, in addition to the real-time market environment, may also include the presumed ability of individual customers to pay. This inevitably entails significant discrimination and privacy risks as well as the risk of non-transparent markets. The thesis addresses these aspects of the permissibility of smart pricing in terms of data protection and unfair competition law, comprehensively considering the economic and technical bases as well as the various forms of implementation, both online and offline. By evaluating the current legal situation, legally compliant implementation possibilities will be identified.
Penetration Depth Modeling and Process Parameter Maps for Laser Welds Using Machine Learning
Authors: Go Bum-su , You Hyeonjeong , Bang Hee-seon , Kim Cheolhee
Published: August 2021

Penetration control is an important factor in determining the weld quality in keyhole mode laser welding, which enables deep penetration. In this study, machine learning models and neural network models were developed by using 380 published welding data which were constructed for steel base metals under the following welding conditions: a laser power of 0.3-16.7 kW, a welding speed of 0.3-20.0 m/min, and a bead diameter of 0.05-0.78 mm. A machine learning model SVM (supported vector machine) could accurately predict the penetration depth with a coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.95. A shallow neural network model with five nodes in only one hidden layer was developed with a slightly improved accuracy with R2 of 0.98. It was confirmed that neither model was overfitted, and process parameters (welding speed and beam diameter) maps with penetration depth contours were provided for a laser power of 2-8 kW.
Risk Factors of Suicide in Zanjan- Iran Population
Authors: Taremian Farhad , Moloodi Reza , Zamani Seyedeh Kiana , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Rezaei Mazaher
Published: August 2021

Background: Few studies have examined the risk factors among Iranians attempting suicide. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the risk factors of suicide among patients admitted to hospitals due to suicide attempts. Patients and Methods: Suicidal participants (N = 200, 104 males and 96 females, aged 18 to 40) were recruited via judgmental sampling method, and non-suicidal participants (n = 300, 166 males and 134 females, aged from 18 to 40) were selected via a convincing sampling method. The participants completed a battery of questionnaires on family strength, religious identification, substance use, hopelessness, depression, sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, impulsive aggression, neuroticism, suicidal ideation, family discord, stressful life events, and anxiety. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, chi-square and hierarchical logistic regression. Results: The current use of cigarettes/hookah, lifetime non-prescribed medication use, suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts/tendencies), and depression significantly predicted suicide attempts. In addition, lower levels of religious belief were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of attempting suicide. Conclusions: Suicide prevention programs should explore the efficacy of treating individuals with substance abuse disorders, depression, and suicidal thoughts/tendencies for the reduction of suicide attempts. Furthermore, family, media, and school-based programs to internalize religious values would be valuable components of prevention programs for suicide in Iran.
Characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019: A review of emerging literature
Authors: Fuentes-Aspe Rocío , Huaiquilaf-Jorquera Sayén , Oliveros María-José , Soto Álvaro
Published: August 2021

Background The 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) spread rapidly around the world. The extent and ultimate effect are still unclear, as it is an ongoing and constantly evolving pandemic. Aims To compile the literature and synthesize in Spanish-Latin American language the available international information describing the etiological, pathophysiological, epidemiological and management aspects of COVID-19. Methods Narrative review, using specific sections created in the databases. The criteria for selecting studies depended on the specific area addressed: etiological, pathophysiological, epidemiological aspects, treatment alternatives, etc. References in Spanish and English were included. Results The World Health Organization reports that COVID-19 is a disease of zoonotic origin that was transmitted to a human host. The first cases were identified in late 2019 and January 2020, in Wuhan city, China. It was categorized as highly contagious and transmissible between humans, which is attributed to the structural features of this novel coronavirus. The clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, as well as its severity. With a clear tropism for the respiratory system, the most severe cases may develop pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiorgan failure and thus death. It occurs in all age groups, with a lower percentage in children under 19 years of age (2.4%). Mortality varies between countries and regions (between 1.5 to 9.3% over the total of reported cases). Associated risk factors are the presence of comorbidities, advanced age, and immunosuppression. Conclusions To date there have been thousands of scientific articles that attempt to explain the onset, progression, possible treatment options and global impact of the disease. There is still no certainty about the level or quality of this evidence. It is essential to generate documents synthesized and translated into Spanish or other languages that can bring this information to all the places and countries that are being impacted by this disease.
Note from the Editors
Authors: Ad�s Dawn , Williams Fiona
Published: August 2021

As we posted in January 2021, the Journal of the British Academy is spreading its call for submissions to articles associated with any of the Academy�s own programmes, activities and interests � i.e. beyond just articles arising from the Academy�s programme of public lectures. As part of this, we also welcome responses to, or comments on, articles that have already appeared in the Journal, and we welcome offers of such contributions to academic debate. As a start, we expect to publish responses to Professor Mokyr�s article later in the current volume. The Journal of the British Academy is featuring a strong line-up of thematic supplementary issues in 2021, with three already published. There will be further issues reflecting African perspectives, and a series of issues that relate to the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) being hosted by the UK in November.
An Insider’s Take on Data Curation: Context, Quality, and Efficiency
Authors: Hawthorne Skylar
Published: August 2021

This commentary describes how context, quality, and efficiency guide data curation at the University of Michigan's Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). These three principals manifest from necessity. A primary purpose of this work is to facilitate secondary data analysis but in order to so, the context of data must be documented. Since a mistake in this work would render any results published from the data inaccurate, quality is paramount. However, optimizing data quality can be time consuming, so automative curation practices are necessary for efficiency. The implementation of these principles (context, quality, and efficiency) is demonstrated by a recent case study with a high-profile dataset. As the nature of data work changes, these principles will continue to guide the practice of curation and establish valuable skills for future curators to cultivate.
Responding to Reality: Evolving Curation Practices and Infrastructure at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Authors: Luong Hoa Q. , Fallaw Colleen , Schmitt Genevieve , Braxton Susan M. , Imker Heidi
Published: August 2021

Objective: The Illinois Data Bank provides Illinois researchers with the infrastructure to publish research data publicly. During a five-year review of the Research Data Service at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, it was recognized as the most useful service offering in the unit. Internal metrics are captured and used to monitor the growth, document curation workflows, and surface technical challenges faced as we assist our researchers. Here we present examples of these curation challenges and the solutions chosen to address them. Methods: Some Illinois Data Bank metrics are collected internally by within the system, but most of the curation metrics reported here are tracked separately in a Google spreadsheet. The curator logs required information after curation is complete for each dataset. While the data is sometimes ambiguous (e.g., depending on researcher uptake of suggested actions), our curation data provide a general understanding about our data repository and have been useful in assessing our workflows and services. These metrics also help prioritize development needs for the Illinois Data Bank. Results and Conclusions: The curatorial services polish and improve the datasets, which contributes to the spirit of data reuse. Although we continue to see challenges in our processes, curation makes a positive impact on datasets. Continued development and adaptation of the technical infrastructure allows for an ever-better experience for the curators and users. These improvements have helped our repository more effectively support the data sharing process by successfully fostering depositor engagement with curators to improve datasets and facilitating easy transfer of very large files.
(Hyper)active Data Curation: A Video Case Study from Behavioral Science
Authors: Soska Kasey C. , Xu Melody , Gonzalez Sandy L. , Herzberg Orit , Tamis-LeMonda Catherine S. , Gilmore Rick O. , Adolph Karen E.
Published: August 2021

Video data are uniquely suited for research reuse and for documenting research methods and findings. However, curation of video data is a serious hurdle for researchers in the social and behavioral sciences, where behavioral video data are obtained session by session and data sharing is not the norm. To eliminate the onerous burden of post hoc curation at the time of publication (or later), we describe best practices in active data curation—where data are curated and uploaded immediately after each data collection to allow instantaneous sharing with one button press at any time. Indeed, we recommend that researchers adopt “hyperactive” data curation where they openly share every step of their research process. The necessary infrastructure and tools are provided by Databrary—a secure, web-based data library designed for active curation and sharing of personally identifiable video data and associated metadata. We provide a case study of hyperactive curation of video data from the Play and Learning Across a Year (PLAY) project, where dozens of researchers developed a common protocol to collect, annotate, and actively curate video data of infants and mothers during natural activity in their homes at research sites across North America. PLAY relies on scalable standardized workflows to facilitate collaborative research, assure data quality, and prepare the corpus for sharing and reuse throughout the entire research process.
Bioenergy in the sustainable development of agriculture: problems and prospects of the industry development
Authors: Rednikova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: August 2021

The Russian Federation has a huge potential for the development of agricultural production. Sustainable agricultural development is the basis for ensuring the country's food security. The 2030 Rural Territories Sustainable Development Strategy of the Russian Federation emphasizes the necessity to develop environmentally determined agriculture strengtheninig the sustainability of ecosystems and sustaining life and activities of rural dwellers. The subject of the article is the importance of bioenergy as one of the promising areas of generating electricity from renewable sources for the sustainable development of agriculture, as well as its role in reducing the negative impact on the environment of agricultural production. Bioenergy as one of the high-tech components of the green economy allows us to ensure the return of organic agricultural waste to the production cycle. Thus, the development of bioenergy can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of agricultural waste disposal and at the same time provide rural regions with heat and energy, which is especially important for remote regions of the country with poorly developed infrastructure. At the same time, the need to attract initial investment is one of the main problems that prevent the widespread introduction of bioenergy facilities in our country. In the last decade, a number of positive developments have taken place in the field of legal regulation of renewable energy in the Russian Federation. Only through the development of legal regulation, taking into account the current Russian and foreign experience, can we create a truly effective renewable energy industry in the country – bioenergy, which will simultaneously solve the problems of environmental protection in agriculture.
Methodological pursuits of the Soviet historians: “Marxist structuralism of A. Y. Gurevich (in the works of 1960s)
Authors: Likhomanov Kim Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

This article is dedicated to the problem of seeking new ways in interpretation of the empirical material through the prism of the methodology of “structuralism” undertaken by a range of Soviet historians in the 1960s. The object of this research is the works of the medieval historian A. Y. Gurevich, who created a series of methodological articles on the “Soviet structuralism”. His opinion is most vividly reflected in the articles “General Law and Specific Pattern in History” (1965) and “The discussion on pre-Capitalistic Social Formations: Development and Structure” (1968), which marked the “methodological turn” in his works, and currently serve the object of this analysis. The conclusion is made that that the works of A. Y. Gurevich methodologically correspond to the concept of “structuralism”, although with peculiar orientation towards Marxism. The author demonstrates that the key parameters of methodological work of the historian were determined not by the influence of Western historiography, but by the revision of Marxist dogmas. The system of structures, described in his works, required a different theoretical field, which later found reflection in a number of other works of the historian of rather applied nature. The author believes that an unsuccessful attempt to “renew” the Marxist theoretical thesaurus leads A. Y. Gurevich to the methodology of sociocultural history.
Soviet period in the history of tourism development in Russia: integration of cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy
Authors: Shulgina Olga , Shul'gina Dar'ya Pavlovna
Published: August 2021

The object of this research is the history of tourism development in Russia. The subject of this research is the factors and peculiarities of the development of Russian tourism in the Soviet period (1918-1991). Based on documentary and literary sources, the author characterizes the peculiarity of the phenomenon of Soviet tourism following its key stages. Special attention is given to the integration of tourism, cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy during the Soviet period. Tourism is viewed in the context of socioeconomic and political transformations of the Soviet society, cultural development, and attitude towards prerevolutionary cultural heritage in the Soviet society. The article traces the formation of a new socialist cultural heritage as a factor of tourism development, effective method of ideological education, and enlightenment of the population in the context of socialist ideas. The following conclusions were made: the groundwork on tourism laid in the prerevolutionary period have subsequently been transformed; the peculiarities of Soviet tourism formed with a clear ideological component and specific types. The author indicated impeccable success achieved in the tourism sector during this period; however, it took its own peculiar path. If the foreign countries were focused on improving comfort and infrastructure, commercialization and competitiveness of services between the travel agencies, then in Soviet Russia, tourism was controlled by the government and developed in the context of the objectives of party-state building. The author’s special contribution consists in carrying out periodization of the development of Russian tourism during the Soviet time; detailed characteristic of each period; determination of specificity of using prerevolutionary cultural heritage along with new cultural objects and traditions of the Soviet time in tourism. The novelty consists in revealing the key peculiarities and stages of tourism development in Soviet Russia. Tourism is viewed in relation to the development and new perception of the cultural heritage of Russia, as well as the development of peculiar unique approaches towards the dominant sites for tourist visits.
The First British-Soviet Round Table of Writers of 1984: preparation, implementation, results
Authors: Kapustina Mariia
Published: August 2021

On September 4 – 6, 1984, Moscow hosted the first round-table meeting of British and Soviet writers, which was substantiated by the emergent thawing in foreign policy relations between the countries. The goal of this article is to examine the process of organizing and hosting the writers’ conference, as well as give assessment to its contribution to the development of Anglo-Soviet cultural cooperation during the Cold War. The research methodology is founded on the concept of cultural diplomacy, as well as the principle of historicism and systematicity, which allowed analyzing the available archival materials, publications, and reminiscences of the participants. Having examined the Great Britain-U.S.S.R. Association, the author gives special attention to the perception of this event by the British side. The article traces the transformation of attitude of the British authors towards their Soviet colleagues and the Soviet literary process overall. The round table participants expressed different opinion on the role of the writer and the degree of their social responsibility, as well as on moralization in the novel. In the course of discussion, the Soviet side often turned to the topic of peacekeeping, while the British side defended the autonomy of the writer and the right to social criticism. The conclusion is made that despite the divergence of opinions, both British and Soviet writers found the discussion productive,  and positively assessed the results of the conference. Thanks to the efforts of organizers and the objective “tiredness” from using cultural events for propaganda purposes, the first British-Soviet Round Table of Writers has fulfilled its mission, becoming an important platform for intercommunication.
Entry Mode Strategy and Firm Performance in Emerging Economy: Moderating Role of Organisational Structure and Environmental Turbulence
Authors: Onamusi Abiodun Babatunde
Published: August 2021

Research question: This study assessed the combined moderating effect of organizational structure and environmental turbulence on entry mode strategy - performance link focusing on baby care industry in Lagos State, Nigeria. Motivation: The manufacturers of baby care products in Nigeria have struggled to understand the complexities of entry mode strategy and how to use firm-specific capabilities to contain the threats from new entrants given the idiosyncrasies of the business environment in Nigeria. Also, considering the fast changing business environment and the need for firms to align internal organisational structure to manage the external environmental challenges, this study via the supposition of Hage (1965) axiomatic theory of organisations examined the joint moderating effect of organisational structure and environmental turbulence on entry mode strategy - performance linkage focusing on the baby care industry in Lagos State, Nigeria. Idea: Empirical submissions on the combined moderating effect of organizational structure and environmental turbulence on the interactions of entry mode strategy and organizational performance are sparse. Hence, this study addressed this gap in literature. Data: The survey research design and a sample of 518 employees engaged in FMCG manufacturers in Lagos State, Nigeria were adopted for this study. Tools: A validated structured questionnaire was the instrument of data collection for this study and the hierarchical regression analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses formulated. Findings: The results showed that the interaction between entry mode strategy and firm performance was positive and significant. Further analysis revealed that the interaction term of organizational structure and environmental turbulence accounted for the rise in firm performance to suggest that organizational structure and environmental turbulence are joint significant moderators. This suggests that entry mode strategy appropriateness is key to firm performance and that the fit between organisational structure and the macro-environment is a precondition to higher performance. Contribution: This study adds to recent empirical literature on the link between entry mode strategy, organizational structure, environmental turbulence, and firm performance within emerging economy context, and it provides additional support for the assumptions of the eclectic theory and Hage’s axiomatic theory of organization.
Taxation and Dividend Payout: The Case of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Jovković Biljana , Vržina Stefan
Published: August 2021

Research Question: The paper investigates the relationship between taxation and dividend payout decisions of companies in the Republic of Serbia. Motivation: Including taxation in dividend policy discussion may allow for better understanding of decisions of companies to pay dividends. Prior worldwide research results on the impact of taxation on dividend policy are inconclusive, often contradicting and cannot be universally accepted. Despite abundant research in previous decades, the key drivers of dividend policy of companies are still unknown and there exists a so-called dividend puzzle. In addition, the research on dividend policy of companies in transition countries (including the Republic of Serbia) is relatively scarce. On the other hand, research in transition countries is important as transition countries have a significantly lower level of capital market efficiency and liquidity, having a lower number of joint stock companies and a lower number of companies that regularly pay dividends. Idea: Since tax burden may be a significant obstacle for companies to pay dividends, it may be relevant to research into whether corporate income tax burden has an impact on dividend payout ratio of companies, as well as the impact of dividend tax that shareholders have to pay on the dividend payout. Data: The study captured 23 companies listed on the Belgrade Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2018 that paid dividends in at least one year. In total, the research involved 92 dividend payouts. Research data have been retrieved from the Business Registers Agency of the Republic of Serbia. Tools: Research hypotheses are tested using EViews and IBM SPPS software. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, as well as non-parametric statistical tests for independent samples. Findings: The analysis shows that corporate income tax does not impact a dividend payout ratio of companies, indicating that companies do not consider the corporate income tax when deciding on dividends, mostly due to the effective tax rates being considerably lower than the statutory tax rate of 15%. Also, statistical tests show that the dividend tax does not impact the dividend payout ratio, as there is no significant difference in the dividend payout ratio between companies whose largest shareholder is high taxed and companies whose largest shareholder is low taxed. Contribution: Research results may be of interest for company management when designing the dividend policy as well as for investors when deciding on shares investment in accordance with their tax preferences.
Consumers’ Perception of CSR Activities: What Does it Mean for Companies?
Authors: Nikolić Milica , Maričić Milica , Nikolić Dejana
Published: August 2021

Research Question: The paper develops a conceptual model for exploring the factors which impact the consumers' word of mouth (WOM) and willingness to pay (WTP) for products and services of socially responsible companies. Motivation: The paper is based on the research of Castaldo et al. (2009), Pivato et al. (2007), Rim and Kim (2016), and Jarvis et al. (2017) concerning the consumers’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and measurement of the effectiveness of CSR activities. Accordingly, our paper tries to provide companies with valuable information on how the consumers’ perception of CSR activities impacts the consumers’ trust, awareness, purchase intention, and future behaviour. Idea: The proposed model is based on three pillars: Perception of CSR, Moderating effects, and Willingness to pay and recommend and strives to shed light on their mutual relations. The goal is to better understand the complex mechanisms and consequences of the consumers’ perception of CSR activities of companies. Data: To verify the proposed conceptual model, a questionnaire was developed and distributed. In total, 265 respondents participated in the research. Tools: Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was employed to explore the relationships between defined factors. Findings: The findings illustrate that both attitudes towards CSR and CSR companies have an impact on the level of trust and purchase intention. When it comes to WTP and WOM, only the level of trust and purchase intention have an impact. Interestingly, the respondents' awareness of the companies’ CSR activities did not have an impact on WTP and WOM. The model indicates that the companies should communicate their CSR activities which will lead to greater trust and purchase intention leading to higher consumers' willingness to pay and recommend the companies’ products/services. Contribution: The study empirically explores how the perception of CSR and CSR activities potentially influences the WOM and WTP on products and services of socially responsible companies and provides a roadmap on how companies can increase the benefits of their CSR activities.