bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION OF PUJA TRI SANDHYA FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH
Authors: Inten Mayuni Anak Agung
Published: January 2020

Puja Tri Sandhya is Hindus prayer known in all countries. The original prayer came in Sanskrit language, but every Hindus believer already translate the prayer into their native language. In 1950, Balinese Hindus used Puja Tri Sandhya to get the recognition from the government allowing Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI)—the major reform movement and Hindus organization in Indonesia—to translate Puja Tri Sandhya into Indonesian. This translation aimed to make every Hindus believer in Indonesia knows about the meaning of the mantras. Besides Indonesian, Puja Tri Sandhya is also translated into the universal language that 20 percent of the world spoke, English. English is believed to give the best medium to other people who want to learn more about Hindus or simply just curious. As a reminder, in this paper Indonesian will be the source language (SL) and English will be the result of the translation so we shall call it target language (TL). In translation, equivalency will be the point to show if the translation is well translated or not. In their book The Theory and Practice of Translation (1959), Nida and Taber state two kinds of equivalency that the translator can use as their reference they are: formal and dynamic equivalence. Here, Puja Tri Sandhya in Indonesian and English versions will be analyzed using 2 kinds of equivalences by Nida and Taber.
Online game playing as a political mobilizer: Gamers’ communication environment
Authors: Jung Chang Won
Published: January 2020

To illuminate gamers' political participation in democratic citizenship, I examined the prosocial role of online gaming and gamers' political action through the concept of gamers' communicative ecology, using an online survey of Korean adult gamers (N = 1,362) and a path analysis
model. I found that gamers participated not only because of their personal interest in the gaming world, but also to engage in real politics. The results showed that (a) augmented reality game playing had a unique mobilization role; (b) exposure to game news via in-game news sources played
an important role in political participation; (c) community involvement and, regardless of the subject matter, game discussion, were critical indicators of participatory behavior; and (d) culturally constructed shared understandings (affective ties), and sense of community belonging fostered
participation. Political and theoretical implications are discussed.
Comparative characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of andesite-basalts of Zimin and Kamen volcanoes
Authors: Belenikin Vladimir V. , Pulkova Alina S.
Published: January 2020

The physical and mechanical properties of rocks are called those that determine their behavior under the influence of external forces (loads) and manifest themselves in resistance to destruction and deformation. The property of rocks to resist destruction and the formation of large residual deformations under the influence of the load or, more precisely, to perceive, without breaking down within certain limits and conditions, certain loads are called strength, and their property to change under load the shape of folding and volume is deformation. These properties express and evaluate the strength and deformation indicators. The article compares the physical and mechanical properties and structure of the effusive volcanoes of Zimin and Kamen, which are located on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The physical and mechanical properties of the effusive rocks of these volcanoes are rather well studied, which allows to make their detailed characterization, as well as to compare the rocks with each other, highlighting the similarities and differences. By analyzing the data obtained, it is possible to use this information in similar studies, identifying the results or explaining them if there are differences. The conducted studies allow to more accurately explain the influence of structural features on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Kamen and Zimin volcanoes.
Clinical, Paraclinical and Imaging Characterization of a Population of Colombian Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Díaz Becerra Cindy Andrea , Zarco Montero Luis Alfonso , Lasalvia Pieralessandro
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an inflammatory syndrome of the central nervous system, different from multiple sclerosis, that is associated with aquaporin-4 IgG antibodies (AQP4-IgG). The new nomenclature defines a unified term of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), seropositive or seronegative according to the AQP4-IgG positivity.
OBJECTIVES:Demographic, clinical, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemistry characterization of patients diagnosed with NMOSD at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI), Bogotá, Colombia, during 2006-2017.
METHODS:A descriptive observational longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with NMO according to the International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders 2015 evaluated in HUSI during 2006-2017. An analysis of quantitative variables was performed with mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range (IQR), and of qualitative variables with absolute numbers and percentages. A Wilcoxon sign-rank sum test was performed for paired data to evaluate the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and EDSS disability scale at admission and discharge after treatment.
RESULTS:Data was collected for 37 patients. The mean age was 42 years-old. The form of presentation was optic neuritis (ON) in 81.1% of the cases. In patients who presented as ON, it was typical in 21.6%, atypical in 43.2% and bilateral in 18.9% of them. An average of 4.6 plasmapheresis (PPH) were performed; at discharge 45.9% presented a visual acuity (VA) lower than 20/800. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) on admission was 2.8 (SD 1,4) and 2.2 (SD: 1,4). at discharge.
CONCLUSION:Colombian NMOSD patients have shown an increasingly frequent phenotype variability Including a higher proportion of patients with bilateral optic neuritis, smaller number of patients with oligoclonal bands pattern II and with typical lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) in MRI with seropositive NMO and a greater number of cases debuting with partial segment partial myelitis.
Entre adesão parcial e crítica ao positivismo jurídico: a teoria e filosofia do direito em Tobias Barreto de Menezes
Authors: Paes Alberto De Moraes Papaléo , Costa Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque
Published: January 2020

RESUMOO presente trabalho possui como objetivo principal o resgate da tradição brasileira através da rediscussão da importância da obra de Tobias Barreto de Menezes. Como a maior influência do movimento da conhecida Escola do Recife, Tobias é responsável pela introdução do germanismo no Brasil e por ter sido um crítico do pensamento Ecletista Espiritualista. Nesse sentido, sua crítica a uma proposta de Direito Natural acusa uma adesão parcial ao positivismo, porém, em outro momento de sua escrita ele começa a produzir uma crítica ao que se tornou o positivismo no Brasil. Há, portanto, uma linha muito tênue entre esses dois argumentos que parecem ser uma mudança paradoxal de posição, quando na verdade é a manutenção de uma mesma posição.PALAVRAS-CHAVEPensamento jurídico brasileiro. Tobias Barreto. Positivismo. Escola do Recife. ABSTRACTThe present work has as main objective the rescue of the Brazilian tradition through the rediscussion of the importance of the work of Tobias Barreto de Menezes. As the greatest influence of the movement of the well-known Recife School Tobias is responsible for the introduction of Germanism in Brazil and for being a critic of the Eclectic Spiritualist thought. In this sense, his criticism of a Natural Law proposal implies a partial adherence to positivism, but at another moment of his production he begins to produce  criticism of what has become positivism in Brazil. There is, therefore, a very thin line between these two arguments which seem to be a paradoxical change of position, when in fact it is the maintenance of the same position.KEYWORDSBrazilian legal thought. Tobias Barreto. Legal Positivism. Recife School.
Dois pesos, duas medidas: a aplicação da necessidade e da proporcionalidade no jus ad bellum
Authors: Macedo Julia , Assmann Marinês
Published: January 2020

RESUMOEstabelecido no artigo 51 da Carta das Nações Unidas, o direito à legítima defesa não é absoluto, devendo o Estado-vítima de ataque armado respeitar os requisitos pré-determinados pela estrutura legal internacional. Os princípios da necessidade e proporcionalidade da defesa exercem função primordial nesse sentido, uma vez que, segundo o direito costumeiro internacional, o Estado deve conformar sua conduta a eles. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer o atual estado da arte no que respeita à necessidade e à proporcionalidade, como limitadoras do direito à legítima defesa no direito internacional público. Os mencionados princípios, apesar de bem consolidados e de fazerem parte do direito consuetudinário internacional, não têm seus contornos bem delimitados, causando discordâncias entre a prática estatal e a doutrina. PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito internacional público. Legítima defesa. Necessidade. Proporcionalidade. ABSTRACTThe right to self-defense, established in the article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, is not absolute, and the State victimized by an armed attack must comply with the requirements determined by the international legal framework. In this sense, the principles of necessity and proportionality of the defense play a primary role since, according to customary international law, the State must shape its conduct to these principles. The present work aims to outline the current state of the art of necessity and proportionality as limits to the right to self-defense in public international law. These principles, although well-established and part of international customary law, do not have their boundaries well-defined, causing disagreements between State practices and doctrine. KEYWORDSPublic international law. Self-defense. Necessity. Proportionality.
LA GESTIÓN DEL TIEMPO COMO COMPETENCIA DOCENTE EN LA CLASE DE DANZA CLÁSICA
Authors: Fernández García José Carlos , García Molero Hayda , Romero Ramos Óscar
Published: January 2020

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de conhecer as diferenças nas variáveis temporais que compõem a competência docente, “Tempo de compromisso motor” nas aulas de Dança Clássica, seja acompanhado por música gravada ou por professor pianista acompanhando a dança. A análise de 50 gravações com ambos os suportes musicais foi realizada em um Conservatório Superior de Dança de 89 alunos que realizaram suas aulas em uma sala de ballet. Os resultados obtidos destacam que, de acordo com o suporte musical utilizado, existem diferenças nas categorias de “Tempo de Tarefa” e “Tempo de Organização”, mostrando um maior valor no “Tempo de Tarefa” nas sessões em que a música ao vivo foi utilizada, bem como um menor tempo na “Organização”, de modo que o uso de música ao vivo poderia proporcionar sessões mais produtivas com menor perda de tempo.
ACESSIBILIDADE NAS CORRIDAS DE RUA: BARREIRAS PERCEBIDAS PELAS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Feliciano Jéssica Dias , Ribas Michele Caroline De Souza , Brasil Vinícius Zeilmann , Seron Bruna Barboza
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as barreiras percebidas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual para a prática da corrida de rua. Participaram da pesquisa sete indivíduos com deficiência visual residentes de Florianópolis, com idades entre 22 e 54 anos. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, objetivando levantar informações sobre as barreiras para a prática esportiva. Por meio dos relatos foram observadas barreiras urbanísticas relacionadas ao terreno e obstáculos e barreiras específicas do esporte por questões de insegurança em virtude da falta de acessibilidade e em relação ao guia e à desigualdade de participação nas competições. Também foram mencionadas barreiras de comunicação e informação, atitudinais, tecnológicas e arquitetônicas. Nota-se que pessoas com deficiência visual enfrentam inúmeras barreiras para a prática da corrida de rua, dificultando sua manutenção. O estudo propõe possibilidades de soluções aos problemas encontrados, diminuindo, significativamente, as principais barreiras e contribuindo para uma prática segura e igualitária.
Contextualização da Taboca no cenário atual da comida de rua em Salvador/BA
Authors: Portela Laís Conceição , Machado Virginia Campos
Published: January 2020

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa caracteriza, descreve e investiga a significação da comida de rua, através do produto: Taboca, e como se desenvolveu as mudanças socioeconômicas e de urbanização da cidade. A pesquisa inicia-se de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento da cidade de Salvador, o histórico da Taboca, o comércio informal de Salvador e os aspectos culturais da alimentação na cidade. Para produção de dados, realizou-se entrevista com vendedor de Taboca e aplicou-se um questionário online para consumidores e conhecedores o produto, ambos foram tratados conforme metodologia de Bardin para análise de conteúdo. Nos resultados encontrados conseguiu-se mapear os vendedores de Taboca na cidade de Salvador e caracteriza-lo através das mudanças presentes na cidade. Pôde-se também relacionar as significações dos consumidores com os aspectos afetivos e como as mudanças cotidianas de urbanização modificaram alguns sentidos para quem consome e para quem comercializa, sinalizando os aspectos socioeconômicos. Apesar disso, conclui-se que o produto mantem-se no comércio e que ainda há dimensões a serem exploradas.Palavras-chave: taboca, barquillos, comida de rua, gastronomia, salvador.  ABSTRACT: This research characterizes, describes and investigates the significance of street food through the product: Taboca, and how the socioeconomic and urbanization changes of the city developed. The research begins with studies on the development of the city of Salvador, the history of Taboca, the informal commerce of Salvador and the cultural aspects of food in the city. For data production, an interview was conducted with a Taboca salesman and an online questionnaire was applied to consumers and product connoisseurs, both of whom were treated according to Bardin's methodology for content analysis. In the results we were able to map the sellers of Taboca in the city of Salvador and characterize it through the changes present in the city. It was also possible to relate the meanings of the consumers with the affective aspects and how the daily changes of urbanization modified some senses for those who consume and for whom commercializes, signaling the socioeconomic aspects. In spite of this, it is concluded that the product is kept in commerce and that there are still dimensions to be explored Keywords: taboca, barquillos, street food, gastronomy, Salvador.
Julia Yezbick, trajectory of a visual anthropologist who mixes cinema and art
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da , Eckert Cornelia
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This interview brings the academic trajectory of the anthropologist Julia Yezbick that produces an experience that explores the sensibilities, colors, ambience, spaces and social practices in the intersection of cinema and art. It uses the new technologies in the processes of production and edition posing new challenges for the anthropological doing.Key word: visual anthropology, cinema, art, sensoriality, space  Resumo: Esta entrevista traz a trajetória acadêmica da antropóloga Julia Yezbick que produz uma experiência que explora as sensibilidades, cores, ambiência, espaços e práticas sociais no entrecruzamento do cinema e da arte. Usa as novas tecnologias nos processos de produção e edição portando novos desafios para o fazer antropológico.Palavras chave: antropologia visual, cinema, arte, sensorialidade, espaço
Diferenças de Prestígio entre produtos e Produtores: Notas sobre as Propriedades Sociais de Produtores de Leite e de Queijos AOC na Região da Auvergne, França
Authors: Bertussi Mayra Lafoz
Published: January 2020

ResumoAs appellations d’origine contrôlée (AOC), denominação de origem de maior reconhecimento na França, são um sistema de certificação baseado na noção de terroir cuja definição remete às especificidades geográficas, sociais e históricas do processo de manufatura de determinados produtos agroalimentares. Tendo os queijos AOC da região da Auvergne como escopo, o artigo apresenta as diferenças de prestígio entre duas variedades de queijo, o fermier e o laitier.  A partir de uma classificação que incide sobre a representação simbólica do produto e de seus consumidores, o queijo fermier é tido como de alta qualidade e destinado aos amantes da gastronomia enquanto o laitier é encarado como um produto voltado a um gosto popular. Para melhor compreender tais diferenças, o artigo aborda as propriedades sociais dos produtores e identifica o produtor fermier como aquele que goza de melhores condições de valorização do produto ao passo que o produtor de leite está sujeito às regras do mercado de grande escala. Palavras chave: Denominações de Origem; Queijos Fermier e Laitier; França. AbstractAppellations d'origine contrôlée (AOC), one of the most widely recognized protected designation of origin in France, is a certification system based on the notion of terroir; this refers to the manufacturing process of agri-food products’ geographical, social and historical specificities. Focusing on AOC cheese from the Auvergne region, this article discusses the differences in prestige between two varieties of cheese, fermier and laitier cheeses. Coming from a classification which affects the symbolic representation of the product and its consumers, the fermier cheese is considered to be of the highest quality and the intended for amateurs of gastronomy while the laitier cheese is regarded as a product of popular taste. To better understand such differences, the article addresses the social properties of producers and identifies the fermier producer as the one who enjoys the best conditions for product appreciation while the dairy producer is subjected to the large-scale market rules.Keywords: Protected designation of origin (PDO); Fermier and Laitier Cheese; France.
“Alimentar-Comer”: Substâncias Sociáveis e Sutis no Repasto Ritual do Candomblé Teresinense
Authors: Soares Fernanda Da Silva Costa , De Brito Celso , Santos Potyguara Alencar dos
Published: January 2020

RESUMO: O texto explora a relação entre as dimensões sociáveis e sutis subjacentes aos regimes de transformação dos alimentos em “comidas de santo” no candomblé. Para tanto, se utiliza de excerto etnográfico sobre o ambiente ritual da casa Ilê Asé Opásoró Fadaka, primeiro terreiro da cidade de Teresina, Piauí, do qual conduz o relato da Festa de Ogun, Oxossi e Osanyin. Aproveita-se para pôr em reflexão a existência de um possível campo de agenciamento simétrico entre os gestuais do “alimentar” (servir) e do “comer” (servir-se), que supomos acontecer toda vez que o repasto sagrado do panteão é substancial, sutil e reciprocamente repartido com a comunidade de culto religioso.Palavras-chave: Substâncias; Alimento; Comidas de santo; Regimes de transformação.  ABSTRACT: The article explores the relationship between the sociable and subtle dimensions that underlie candomblé food-processing regimes. To this end, it uses the ethnographic exception of the ritual environment of the house Ilê Asé Opásoró Fadaka, the first Candomblé yard in the city of Teresina, Piauí, at the Feast of Ogun, Oxossi and Osanyin. It takes the opportunity to reflect on the existence of a possible symmetrical agency field between the actions of “food” (to serve) and “eating” (being served), which we assume happen every time the pantheon's sacred meal is substantial and reciprocally divided with the cult community religious.Keywords: Substances; Food; Saint foods; Regimes of transformation.
Comer Viajante: Uma Incursão pela Alimentação em Diferentes Países
Authors: Oderich Constance , Ruiz Eliziane Nicolodi Francescato
Published: January 2020

Resumo: Em uma viagem de bicicleta por estradas francesas, espanholas, marroquinas e portuguesas, estando-se exposto à alteridade durante três meses, diferenças no comer geraram estranhamentos e questionamentos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar experiências de viagem relacionadas à comida e ao ato de comer em distintas culturas. Com abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se o referencial teórico da socioantropologia da alimentação para analisar os diários de campo produzidos na viagem. Foram identificadas e apreendidas características essenciais da alimentação de cada país: o valor do ritual da alimentação, da comensalidade e da tradição, na França; o significado mais íntimo da dieta Mediterrânea como patrimônio cultural alimentar; o peso e os reflexos da religião e das condições materiais no comer cotidiano marroquino; e referente a Portugal fez-se uma reflexão crítica sobre a herança alimentar na formação e consolidação da cozinha brasileira. Conclui-se o quanto a alimentação é interligada ao contexto sociocultural, sendo indispensáveis estudos socioantropológicos para que profissionais da saúde compreendam o fenômeno alimentar.  Palavras-chave: Cultura Alimentar. Antropologia da Alimentação. Etnografia.   Abstract: Exposed to otherness during a three-month bicycle trip on the roads across France, Spain, Morocco and Portugal, differences in eating generated strangeness and questioning. This paper’s main goal is to analyze the experiences of traveling focusing on food and to reflect on the construction of different cuisines. A qualitative approach was applied and socio-anthropological references were followed in order to analyze travel journals written during this trip. It was possible to identify and learn about each country’s essential characteristics. In French cuisine, commensality and tradition are remarkable, as well as the meals rituals. Furthermore, in this country and in Spain, strong characteristics of Mediterranean diet were noticed. In Moroccan cuisine, religious and economical aspects are significantly more important than in European countries. In Portugal, a critical analysis of the origins of Brazilian kitchen was achieved. Thus, this article concludes how much food is interconnected with socio-cultural context, being indispensable socio-anthropological studies for health professionals to understand the food phenomenon. Keywords: Food culture. Anthropology and Nutrition. Ethnography.
Tradições Alimentares e Comidas Emblemáticas
Authors: Moreira Evelize Cristina , Maciel Maria Eunice de Souza
Published: January 2020

Resumo          O trabalho procura refletir determinadas questões relativas à construção das “cozinhas identitárias” e seus pratos emblemáticos envolvendo os marcadores de diferenciação que as caracterizam a partir da discussão sobre o que é Identidade, e Tradição. A etnografia foca a alimentação do grupo de migrantes senegaleses em Porto Alegre procurando verificar como tais processos ocorrem nesta comunidades.Palavras chave: Alimentação. Tradição. Identidade. Abstract This article seeks to reflect certain issues related to the construction of "identity cuisines" and their emblematic dishes involving the markers of differentiation that characterize them from the discussion about what is Identity and Tradition. This ethnography focuses on the feeding of a group of senegalesian migrants in Porto Alegre seeking to verify how such processes occur in these communities.Keywords:  Food. Tradition. Identity.
Virtual Reality-based Training for the Motor Developmentof People With Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Cunha Rian Dutra , Neiva Frâncila Weidt , Silva Rodrigo Luis de Souza da
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the potential of using a virtual reality-based motor coordination and cognitivetraining for people with intellectual and multiple disabilities, focusing on their autonomy and communityparticipation. A low-cost innovative interaction interface between the user and the virtual environment wasproposed to provide a more realistic and intuitive interaction experience. Nine people with disabilities wereselected from an institutional care for people with disabilities and they were enrolled in a four-week experiment,which consisted in going through three challenges. The results show that the patients demonstrated statisticallysignificant improvements regarding the task gave, also based on the observational analysis of the instructorand physiotherapist. Thus, the analysis indicates that the VR-based method can be effective in the motordevelopment of those patients, improving their autonomy and cognitive skills.
Road Surface Classification with Images Captured From Low-cost Camera - Road Traversing Knowledge (RTK) Dataset
Authors: Rateke Thiago , Justen Karla Aparecida , Von Wangenheim Aldo
Published: January 2020

The type of road pavement directly influences the way vehicles are driven. It’s common to find papers that deal with path detection but don’t take into account major changes in road surface patterns. The quality of the road surface has a direct impact on the comfort and especially on the safety of road users. In emerging countries it’s common to find unpaved roads or roads with no maintenance. Unpaved or damaged roads also impact in higher fuel costs and vehicle maintenance. This kind of analysis can be useful for both road maintenance departments as well as for autonomous vehicle navigation systems to verify potential critical points. For the experiments accomplishment upon the surface types and quality classification, we present a new dataset, collected with a low-cost camera. This dataset has examples of good and bad asphalt (with potholes and other damages) other types of pavement and also many examples of unpaved roads (with and without potholes). We also provide several frames from our dataset manually sorted in surface types for tests accuracy verification. Our road type and quality classifier was done through a simple Convolutional Neural Network with few steps and presents promising results in different datasets.
HICOLM: High-Performance Platform of Physical Simulations by Using Low Computational Cost Methods
Authors: Fernandes Flaviano Williams
Published: January 2020

For decades, computational simulation models have been used by scientists in search for new materials with technological applications in several areas of knowledge. For this, software based on several theoretical-computational models were developed in order to obtain an analysis of the physical properties at atomic levels. The objective of this work is proposing a widely functional software to analyze the physical properties of nanostructures based on carbon and condensed systems using theories of low computational cost. Therefore, a Fortran language computational program called HICOLM was developed, whose theoretical bases are based on two commonly known models (Tight-binding and Molecular Dynamics). The physical properties of condensed systems can be obtained in the thermodynamic equilibrium in several statistical ensembles, and possible to obtain an analysis of the properties of the material and its evolution in the time-dependent on its thermodynamic conditions like temperature and pressure. Moreover, from the tight-binding model, the HICOLM program is also capable of performing a physical analysis of carbon-based nanostructures from the calculation of the material band structure.
Emergências globais do clima: soberania e a geopolítica ambiental Sul-Americana.
Authors: De Souza Elany Almeida
Published: January 2020

A securitização ambiental tem despertado discussões em âmbito global e, em razão desse aspecto macro, nem sempre questões regionais são devidamente consideradas. Nesse sentido, questiona-se: um complexo regional de segurança sul-americano pode ser eficiente e eficaz em reunir agendas aptas à proteção da sociobiodiversidade? Pretende-se investigar a existência de mecanismos e estratégias de Defesa regionais capazes de compreender os processos de securitização e, sobretudo os interesses que envolvem as discussões ambientais no cenário internacional. A criação da dimensão regional de defesa em matéria ambiental é essencial para a formação de um pensamento autônomo e estratégico de Defesa dada a relevância geoestratégica, geopolítica e geoeconômica da Amazônia. Partindo de uma matriz epistemológica pragmático-sistêmica, dada a relação sistêmico-complexa que envolve o tema, adota-se para melhor compreensão, uma abordagem de pesquisa interdisciplinar, bibliográfica e documental. Demonstrou-se ao final que a formação de um Complexo Regional de Segurança na América do Sul apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de reunir agendas semelhantes em um concerto de vontades capazes de produzir normas e acordos que atendam às necessidades endógenas da região em matéria ambiental, valendo-se de fóruns de diálogo como a Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica/OTCA e de mecanismos como o Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano.
PERFIL INTERNO DA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA MACRISTA E SEU IMPACTO EM TERMOS DE INSERÇÃO INTERNACIONAL: MAIS CONTINUIDADES QUE MUDANÇAS
Authors: Calderón Emilse Eliana
Published: January 2020

Based on the modifications in the external profile of the Defense Policy of Argentina,with the accession of Mauricio Macri, this article highlights the central premises ofthe internal dimension of such a policy with a view to glimpsing the effects in termsof international insertion in the short term.
ON THE COMPLEXITIES OF PROSECUTING ROBERT MUGABE AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Authors: Benyera Everisto
Published: January 2020

One of the most desired actions by human rights activists the world over is to see Zimbabwe’s President Robert Mugabe brought to The Hague to answer to allegations of genocide and crimes against humanity committed during his more than three decades in office. This desire notwithstanding, there are both legal and practical imperatives that render his prosecution highly improbable judging by the failed attempts to do so by various organisations. This article is a contribution to the debate on the fate of heads of states accused of genocide and crimes against humanity by focusing on the complexities surrounding the various attempts at having Mugabe brought before the International Criminal Court (ICC). The conclusion reached is that, no matter how desirable, the prosecution of Mugabe at the ICC, or any other court of law, is a distant reality due to various reasons outlined in the article.
O INSTITUTO DA LEGÍTIMA DEFESA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Szuecs , Augusto da Silva Carlos Canedo
Published: January 2020

The White House legal approach to the War on Terror has been one of the most discussed and least understood topics of international law according to legal counselors of the American government themselves. Despite several speeches and official notes on the subject, the issue remains complex because it involves constitutional rights, human rights and national security. This paper analyzes the War on Terror focusing specifically on the self-defense institute in the world risk society. This means that in order to understand how terrorism is threatening the international order, it is necessary to verify the conceptual changes that determine the self-defense institute and the results of this mutation.
ADEUS, NEHRU: POLÍTICA EXTERNA INDIANA SOB A GLOBALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Barbosa dos Santos Fabio Luis
Published: January 2020

This article analyses the trends of India’s foreign policy in recent years under the light of political and economic dynamics, with a focus in its regional surrounding. The text locates an inflection towards economic liberalization undertaken in the beginning of the 1990´s, and then moves on to the context of economic expansion in the 21st century. The achievements and limits of those processes are taken into consideration. In the political realm, as the legitimacy of the Indian National Congress (INC) was brought to check, so was its hegemony, in a process that has favored the rise of political agencies identified with hindu nationalism and communalism, such as the BJP. Overall, the hallmarks of Indian politics that prevailed since independence under leadership of the Congress Party are left behind: economic nationalism, secular politics, and international non-alignment. In this context, the broad orientation of Indian foreign policy also has changed. The text analyses the consequences of this inflection in the regional context, focusing the Neighbors first policy and the priority given to infrastructural connectivity with Southeast Asia (Look East and Act East policies), as well as the recent intensification of business in the African continent. Altogether, the expectations of an alternative civilizatory horizon in the context of the Cold War which has nurtured Nehruvian politics, has given place to a pragmatic rationality that accepts the United States leadership and as such, draws strategies adapting to the mercantile trends that typify globalisation.
ÁFRICA E AS AMEAÇAS À SUA SEGURANÇA
Authors: Garcia Francisco Proença
Published: January 2020

This essay begins by addressing the security context in Africa and the structural violence that is felt throughout the Continent. Later, it addresses the main threats that are manifest in such a differentiated space, emphasizing that in the current context it seems to be the fragility of the States the greatest threat, incapable of guaranteeing their inhabitants the ultimate ends - security, justice and well-being. Despite the failure of the state, people continue to live in these spaces, having various forms of social organization, which subsist and compete with other state structures, in the collection of taxes, in the use of force and also having different forms of social responsibility over the populations they control. The second threat emphasized in the essay, is one of those social structures that seek to impose itself in several geographic spaces: global subversion, which today is materialized in the two main factions of the global jihadist movement (al-Qaeda and Daesh), which seek the conquest of spaces and power also in Africa, using not only political mechanisms, but also, and when necessary, violent actions. Finally, a spectral analysis of other security threats in Africa, whether natural, such as climate change and pandemics, or man-made, such as organized crime and piracy, is presented.
POR TRÁS DO MITO DA BURGUESIA NACIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO ESTADO DESENVOLVIMENTISTA NO BRASIL E NA COREIA DO SUL
Authors: Pereira Brites Pedro Vinícius , Coelho Jaeger Bruna
Published: January 2020

Since the 1990s, many analysts have sought to explain the differences in development paths between Brazil and South Korea, the latter often being pointed as an example of success. As a highly industrialized economy focused on international trade, the South Korean case stood out as a way of overcoming the backwardness of developing countries. However, there is a need for analysis that point to the specificities of the developmental state in South Korea, whose interventionist action was decisive in leveraging the country’s industrial production in accordance with internal business groups, as well as the geopolitical context favorable to outward-oriented industrialization. The Brazilian process, in turn, due to the wealth of natural resources and the large domestic market, has made the induction of the state in industrialization more artificial, whose policy supposes an element of coercion, induction and control. This research, therefore, seeks to analyze the specific dimensions of each case, highlighting the role of the state and its relationship with the internal bourgeoisie in the construction of an industrial policy. The trajectories of rise and decline of Brazilian and South Korean developmental state will be analyzed, including the current crisis of reconfiguration of political power that both countries are going through.
O TERRORISMO DE BAIXO CUSTO OU A AMEAÇA INVISÍVEL: O TERRORISMO E AS POLÍTICAS BRASILEIRAS DE ANTITERRORISMO
Authors: Suarez Marcial A. G. , Acacio Igor P.
Published: January 2020

We propose to study a tactical change into the violent political action of terrorist attacks: in addition to the car bombs and the attacks on public spaces performed by organized terrorist cells, attacks can growingly be pursued at a lower organizational and material cost. We propose to define such attacks as “low cost terrorism”, referring to recent events (Paris, London, Brussels, and Barcelona). Aside from the theoretical discussion and characterization of terrorism as a macrosecuritization process, we discuss Brazil’s anti-terrorist legislation in this context and highlight inconsistencies and inadequacies of the country’s to address the phenomena of terrorism, especially when referring to “low cost terrorism”.
BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL POLITICS: THE DETERMINANTS OF ERITREA’S SUCCESSFUL SECESSION
Authors: Troco Albano Agostinho
Published: January 2020

Contrariamente à vasta maioria de Estados africanos, que adquiriram independência por meio de processos de descolonização de potências coloniais europeias, a Eritreia obteve a condição de Estado independente ao se retirar formalmente de um Estado africano soberano já estabelecido. Tal evento representa um desenvolvimento político memorável na África pós-colonial devido a ao menos duas razões: (i) foi a primeira vez que um movimento de secessão obteve sucesso na sua busca por independência; (ii) a luta por independência ocorreu em meio a um contexto continental particularmente hostil ao surgimento de novos Estados. Baseando-se em fontes de dados qualitativos secundários, o presente estudo examina a secessão da Eritreia contra o pano de fundo acadêmico que enfatiza o contexto social, político e econômico no qual as lutas secessionistas ocorrem. Argumenta-se que a secessão bem-sucedida da Eritreia se baseia na intersecção entre a política doméstica e a política global, combinando fatores como as históricas e legais reivindicações por autodeterminação territorial da região, as políticas de alienação do Estado de origem, a efetividade das estratégias operadas pelos movimentos de secessão, o fim da Guerra Fria, bem como o papel de apoio desempenhado pela superpotência vitoriosa do referido conflito. O estudo também adiciona novas e sistemáticas contribuições ao debate acerca dos determinantes para a secessão bem-sucedida na África pós-colonial.
Towards Scrum Based Agile Framework for Global Software Development Teams
Authors: Shafiq Shagufta , Hafeez Yaser , Ali Sadia , Iqbal Naila , Jamal Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Organizations are moving their workforce to guarantee matters of trade and profit where accounts are expected to be less expensive and provide better quality products with the accessibility of skilled labor. With the evident benefits, distributed teams often face challenges with reliable and efficient communication coordination patterns that lead towards project failure. In the rapidly growing software industry, it becomes critical for any business to have better management activities to acquire right processes and practices. Agile methods are considered as a remedy for mitigating distributed teams’ challenges, with their consistent focus on communication. Here, we intend to propose a tailored Scrum based solution for distributed teams that empowers anticipated communication and coordination throughout the development process. In the first phase of framework development we have evaluated the state of agile practices from both literature and industry; based on collected evidence and suggestive guidelines a scrum based agile framework was formulated. The Scrum is a project management method in Agile Methods family. Scrum is an iterative process that asks for incremental development of the product, includes cross functional development and testing teams. Evaluation results show that the proposed framework contributes positively to improve development process quality. We have performed theoretical as well as empirical evaluation to validate proposed framework. We have eight project managing rising aspects in DSD (Distributed Software Development) to evaluate the proposed framework.
Does Psychological Ownership of Knowledge Matter? Servant Leadership and Knowledge Hiding in Organizations: AProposed Framework
Authors: OGUNLELA Gabriel Oyebanjo
Published: January 2020

Knowledge hiding can have many adverse effects on organizational development, and it is consequently important to look at its various causes, and also the impact such activities haveon targets, perpetrators, and organizations as a whole. Various studies investigate the effects of knowledge hiding on organizations, and the employees surveyed in these studies have identified some of the possible drivers of knowledge hiding to be: a lack of employee trust; poor employee incentives; employee retaliation; employee insecurity; the intentional withholding of knowledge; the workplace environment; a craving for competitive advantage over fellow staff members; and also, feelings of psychological ownership. This paper investigates the influence of servant leadership on knowledge hiding, and proposes a mediating variable: that of the influence of psychological ownership of knowledge on the relationship between servant leadership and knowledge hiding attitudes in staff within organizations. A model is therefore proposed to achieve this, since it could be argued that increased servant leadership, through the psychological ownership of knowledge, can have a positive effect on staff attitudes towards knowledge hiding, and can also be used to encourage them to share knowledge to improve their overall performances, and the competitive advantages of organizations. The proposed model can also be used to assist managers in developing strategies for motivating staff to become more committed to the visions of organizations, in order to improve the performances of both themselves and their organizations overall.
Perceptions of Different Generations Regarding Managerial Competencies in Restaurants
Authors: Kleynhans Carina , Shai Malome Prince , Roeloffze Antoinette
Published: January 2020

Managerial competencies of restaurant managers play a major role in motivating employees to be productive and to provide excellent service which, in turn, will lead to customer satisfaction. Drawing upon generational differences in work ethics and values, the authors examine the importance of managerial competencies in three age cohorts. A quantitative research design was selected using a structured questionnaire consisting of five competency domains. Data were collected from 180 restaurant managers and employees in restaurants in the City of Tshwane. The results of the Fisher exact test indicated that the importance of managerial competencies differed significantly in the three age groups. Significant differences existed for three leadership domains, two management domains, one interpersonal and one intrapersonal domain. No significant differences were recorded for the perceptions of the different age groups regarding the importance of the technical domain.  For the younger generation, the ability to grant employees the opportunity to grow was regarded as highly important by all respondents. The ability to maintain discipline in the workforce was perceived as less important by the youngest age group when it was compared to the other age groups. The youngest employees felt that the ability to be innovative was not as important unlike the perception of the older age groups.  The findings of this study could lead restaurant managers to a better understanding of the different generational groups, how to motivate them thereby ensuring job satisfaction and service quality.
The Influence of Experience and Owner-Managers Education on SME Performance: Case of Motor Spares Enterprises at Kelvin Light Industries in Bulawayo
Authors: N. Ndlovu , V. Shumba , E. Vakira
Published: January 2020

The continued failure of small to medium enterprises and lack of growth of those that survive, continue to pose some challenges to the Zimbabwean economy. Lack of experience and education by ownermanagers of SMEs, is one of the major challenges impeding their survival and growth. The study sought to establish the influence of experience and owner-managers education on SME performance specifically focusing on motor spares SMEs at Kelvin Light Industries in Bulawayo.  The objective of this study, therefore, was to analyse the relationship between experience and owner-managers education and the performance of SMEs. The descriptive research design was employed in this study. The researcher adopted stratified sampling technique supported by simple random technique to select participants from the population. Closed-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from owner-managers operating at Kelvin Light Industries. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse and present the data. The results of the study showed that there was a strong relationship between both education and experience of owner-managers on SME performance. The researcher recommends that owner-managers should continuously receive training on how to run and manage their SMEs. Owner-managers should employ human capital on merit which would give them a competitive advantage in business.
Determinants of Eastern Cape Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Its Impact on the South African Economic Performance
Authors: Yalezo Bhasela , K. Bokana G.
Published: January 2020

This study aimed at investigating the factors that determine gross fixed capital formation in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa using time series autoregressive distributive lags (ARDL) on a data covering 1996-2015. We are constraint with the time length of the data because the range of time falls within the period when South Africa got her independence and actually the reliability of most data for most economic activities began after independence. The analyses carried out in this study are basically from two study dimensions. Firstly, we investigated which factors determine the growth of Eastern Cape Gross fixed capital formation and the classification of all economic activity into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors enabled us to identify the significant role of tertiary sector among others in analyzing which factors determine Easter Cape gross fixed capital formation. Again, growth is enhanced through the following determinants: Catering and Accommodation (TF17) and not necessarily when Wholesale and retail trade is inclusive; Again, there is a better performance of the GFCF in the tertiary sector with Communication (TG19) than when Transport and storage are merged together, and finally, Business services (TH21) behaves better with tertiary sector than when it combines with Finance, Insurance and real estate. Hence, for policy implication, the growth of primary and secondary should be considered urgent and should be given ultimate policy consideration as it appears that these sections contribute very negligibly to the growth of Eastern Cape gross fixed capital formation.