bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Penempatan Dan Kebutuhan Proteksi Katodik Pada Sistem Pipa Gas Bawah Laut Offshore Dari Pulau Pemping Ke Tanjung Uncang Batam
Authors: Azisah Nur , Paroka Daeng , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin
Published: April 2021

Korosi merupakan suatu permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada rangkaian pipa bawah laut. Hal ini dikarenakan material pipa logam yang dipasang di lingkungan yang memiliki tingkat korosifitas tinggi. Walaupun korosi tidak dapat dihindari atau dihilangkan, namun dapat dikendalikan untuk meminimalisir kerusakan pada pipa dengan melakukan perancangan proteksi katodik. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan metode anoda korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancangan pengendalian laju korosi pada pipa bawah laut sepanjang 13,5 km, berdiameter 16 inci untuk umur desain 45 tahun dimana kebutuhan proteksi tiap meter pipa dianggap sama. Anoda yang digunakan adalah anoda gelang dengan panjang 400 mm dan tebal 40 mm  yang berbahan paduan aluminium. Dalam perancangan proteksi katodik ini, penulis mengacu pada ketentuan DNVGL-F103 dan ISO 15589-2. Dari hasil penelitian ini, akan di dapatkan total anoda yang dibutuhkan untuk memproteksi pipa serta jarak pemasangan antar anoda. Berdasarkan total anoda tersebut, dapat diketahui estimasi biaya yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan proteksi katodik.
Analisis Dampak Penerapan Kebijakan Bonded Warehouse (Gudang Berikat) Terhadap Biaya Logistik Di Pelabuhan
Authors: Hidayat Sapit , Palippui Habibi
Published: April 2021

Gudang Berikat merupakan tempat menimbun barang impor, dapat disertai 1 (satu) atau lebih kegiatan berupa pengemasan/pengemasan kembali, penyortiran, penggabungan (kitting), pengepakan, penyetelan, pemotongan, atas barang-barang tertentu dalam jangka waktu tertentu untuk dikeluarkan kembali. Dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuanga (PMK) No.155/PMK.04/2019 tentang Gudang Berikat, Kementerian Keuangan menekankan bahwa pengetatan pengawasan ini dilakukan dalam dua bentuk baik dari sisi perpajakan maupun mekanisme pemasukan barang. Kebijakan gudang berikat ini diharapkan mengurangi biaya logistik nasional dengan menurunkan dwelling time di pelabuhan dan mempercepat akses gudang bahan baku ke Industri. Inti dari penelitian ini menganalisis sejauh mana pengaruh yang diperoleh oleh pengguna jasa gudang berikat dari sisi biaya logistik. Perbandingan biaya diperoleh dari survei dengan perusahaan yang sudah memanfaatkan fasilitas gudang berikat.
Desain Pelabuhan Wisata Untuk Menunjang Pariwisata Danau Toba
Authors: Azwar Amelia , Fadillah Arif , Manullang Shanty
Published: April 2021

Tempat pariwisata di Indonesia telah menjadi destinasi yang banyak dikunjungi bagi wisatawan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Danau Toba merupakan destinasi wisata prioritas, sehingga pariwisata ini sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai salah satu aset yang digunakan sebagai sumber yang menghasilkan bagi bangsa dan negara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merencanakan desain pelabuhan wisata dan tata kelola pelabuhan di kawasan Danau Toba dengan tersedianya transportasi kapal ferry, kapal wisata, bus air. Perencanaan pelabuhan yang diteliti menggunakan standar fasilitas yang sangat mendukung mengacu pada Petunjuk Teknis Rencana Induk pelabuhan, dan PERMENPAR nomor 3 Tahun 2018 dengan menambahkan beberapa fasilitas untuk seaplane bases dan WIG (Wing in Ground Effect) seperti landasan pesawat amphibi yang mengacu pada U.S Departement Of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration dalam dokumen Advisory Circular (AC) No.150/5395-1B. Untuk kelengkapan fasilitas di pelabuhan dan seaplane bases digunakan metode Benchmarking dengan mengacu pada pelabuhan ferry dan seaplane bases yaitu dermaga eksekutif Pelabuhan Merak, Singapore cruise center, Harbour Bay Batam, Jantzen Beach Seaplane Bases, Traves Seaplane Bases, Lake Hood Seaplane Bases. Pelabuhan ini direncanakan melalui beberapa tahap pembangunan menggunakan data pengunjung wisatawan dengan proyeksi kunjungan 20 tahun kedepannya. Berdasarkan hasil proyeksi maka jumlah penumpang terbanyak terjadi pada tahun 2040 dengan jumlah 264.202 orang.
Menganalisis Karakteristik Sedimen Dan Morfologi Muara Sungai Kapuas Guna Memperlancar Alur Pelayaran
Authors: Budiman Farid , Setyawan Yudha , Ando Yosafat Aditya
Published: April 2021

Abstrak
 
Muara sungai merupakan tempat pertemuan antara air laut dengan air sungai dan merupakan bagian hilir dari sungai. Pada dasar perairan muara sungai terjadi pengendapan, karena terjadi pertemuan partikel pasir/lumpur yang dibawa oleh arus sungai bertemu dengan pasir berada di daerah sekitar pantai. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka sangat penting untuk meneliti karakteristik dari muara serta karakteristik sedimennya, khususnya untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat sekitar serta memberikan data mengenai karakteristik sedimen yang mengendap untuk menentukan metode pengerukan yang lebih efisien atau mencari solusi agar tidak dilakukan pengerukan tiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura serta pada penggambilan sampel sedimen di Muara Sungai Kapuas. Waktu pengambilan sampel sedimen pada 9 titik dan pengambilan data batimetri pada 21 titik adalah tanggal 14 juni 2019 sedangkan untuk uji laboratorium pada tanggal 14 – 22 juni 2019. Metode yang digunakan ialah purpose sampling untuk mengambil sampel di lapangan, metode kuantitatif untuk pengujian di laboratorium. Untuk analisa data menggunakan metode sistem USDA dan kategori kemiringan Van Zuidam. Dari hasil pengambilan data lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa batimetri di Muara Sungai Kapuas berkisar antara 2,6 m hingga 8,7 m pada MSL +0,8 m dengan kontur dasar di Muara Sungai Kapuas di kategorikan Datar. Jenis sedimen dasar di Muara Sungai Kapuas didominasi oleh kategori tanah liat berlanau. Sedimen bisa berasal dari pantai berlumpur yang mengalami abrasi oleh aliran air. Oleh karena itu, solusi agar tidak dikeruk setiap tahunnya maka perlu dibangun Jetty atau dinding penahan pantai.
Kajian Keselamatan Peroses Bongkar Muat Barang Yang Menimbulkan Cacat Produk Muatan Di Pelabuhan Paotere
Authors: Phady Adriani , Rachman Taufiqur , Paotonan Chairul
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini membahas mengenai kajian keselamatan pekerja terhadap proses bongkar muat barang yang menimbulkan cacat produk muatan di Pelabuhan Paotere. Makassar yang merupakan ibukota provinsi Sulawesi Selatan terkenal sebagai kota dengan mayoritas penduduk terbesar dan merupakan arus lalu lintas transportasi barang antar pulau yang padat. Salah satu pelabuhan yang mendukung perekonomian di Makassar adalah Pelabuhan Paotere yang menyediakan pelayanan dermaga untuk kapal ikan, kapal penumpang dan kapal barang. Kapal layar motor phinisi yang dilengkapi oleh alat angkat yaitu crane yang dapat mengangkat barang sehingga memudahkan proses bongkar muat barang dari kapal ke tepi dermaga. Namun, dalam proses bongkar muatnya mengabaiakan aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di atas geladak kapal dan di atas dermaga. Selain itu hasil dari produk yang diangkut juga harus diperhatikan apabila ada yang mengalami cacat produk akibat aktivitas bongkar muat di Pelabuhan Paotere. Gancu (J-hook) alat yang digunakan untuk mengangkat dan memindahkan karung dengan cara menusuk di sembarang tempat dapat menyebabkan karung robek dan biji-bijian didalamnya akan tumpah secara perlahan akibat timbulnya celah pada karung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu: memberikan gambaran tentang fenomena tertentu atau aspek tertentu dari lokasi yang diteliti. Metode deskriptif tidak hanya terbatas pada pengumpulan data, tetapi meliputi pengamatan secara langsung dan melakukan wawancara terjadap pekerja. Solusi strategis yang diperlukan adalah penggantian tali simpul angkat barang pada crane dengan jaring tali tambat yang memudahkan proses pengangkatan dari deck kapal ke atas dermaga Pelabuhan Paotere. Mengganti alat gancu (J-hook) yang fungsinya untuk menggeser dan membolak-balikkan karung dengan alat Jar Lifter yang di perbesar ukurannya serta penyesuaian material bahan yang nyaman untuk dipegang serta tidak berbahaya apabila terjatuh dan mengenai anggota tubuh pekerja yang sedang melakukan aktivitas bongkar muat barang Pelabuhan Paotere.
Variable Speed DC Generator Voltage Control using a Multistage Comparator
Authors: Sujono Augustinus , Adriyanto Feri , Maghfiroh Hari , Saputro Joko Slamet , Ramelan Agus
Published: April 2021

DC generator with variable rotation will produce uncontrolled voltage, causing problems in its utilization. In this study, it is proposed to develop a voltage control on the generator, in order to produce a fairly controllable and reliable voltage, with an analog circuit using a multistage comparator. Control of the generator output voltage is carried out by adjusting the field current from a separate voltage source which is forwarded to the resistance which is regulated based on the generator output voltage level with a multilevel comparison system. The results obtained are the output voltage ranges from 26 to 30 Volts and the output current ranges from 3 to 20 Amperes. This provides operational safety for the generator and battery. This technology can be used in dc generator systems in automotive engines, windmills, and other power plants.
Perioperative Management of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect, Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation and Gerbode Defects
Authors: Purwoko Purwoko , Aji Ardhana Surya
Published: April 2021

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a congenital heart disease that causes the connection between left and right ventricles called a Gerbode defect. Manifestation of a Gerbode defect is damage to the opening tricuspid valve caused regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. Delay in diagnosis and intervention will affect pre-operative nutritional status and malnutrition.

We reported a boy aged 2 months, weighing 3100 grams with biliary atresia followed by VSD, severe TR, and Gerbode defect who will undergo the Kasai procedure. Preoperative physical examination showed GCS E4V5M6, SpO2 100%. The skin gets icteric all over the body and conjunctiva. The cardiovascular system has a regular I-II heart sound, 2/3 mid clavicular S noise as high as 2 ICS and a pansystolic murmur. The examination of the abdomen is slight distended. Child pug score 8. Hemoglobin value 6.7gr%, hematocrite 37%, APTT 44.8 seconds, SGOT 443 U / L, SGPT 560 U / L, total bilirubin 23.89 mg / dl, direct bilirubin 13.92 mg / dl, and indirect bilirubin 9.97 mg / dl.

The goal of anesthesia in VSD, Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) with Gerbode Defect is preventing excessive ventilation to avoid severe pulmonary hypertension. The choice of anesthetic agent is based on the patient's physiology and balancing pulmonary and systemic blood flow. Perioperative management of cases of VSD, TR Severe with Gerbode defect in the following report describes the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of VSD and Gerbode defects to obtain a good outcome.

Perioperative management of VSD patients, severe tricuspid regurgitation with Gerbode defect requires more supervision, especially to minimize the increase in PVR, maintain systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and avoid excessive ventilation to prevent severe pulmonary hypertension.
Digital Literacy of Teenagers in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Astri , Nugroho Catur
Published: April 2021

Digital technology and media exert a negative effect on the spread of information and news. Information is running heavily, fast and unavoidably, and even a flood of information occurs in virtual world. As a commodity, information can be sold, shared, duplicated, created, misunderstood, distorted and even taken by others. The phenomenon of cyber society is in the complex communication model structure. Basically, each people are forced to be aware or to have knowledge on technology and digital media (digital media literacy) based on communication and information technology as a requirement to become consumer, information distributor or even producer. To give the teens the good ethical and communication awareness in virtual world, data is needed on the level of understanding among students who use technology and digital media, called digital literacy. The data of teenager digital literacy at Kulonprogo district would be the primary data for this research. This research used a quantitative research method with descriptive format. Data of research was collected through surveying teenagers using online questionnaire. This research identified that the highest score of 80.87 was found in Cultural and Social Understanding dimension, while the lowest score of 68.68 was found in Creativity dimension. The results showed that the teenagers’ digital literacy in the Kulonprogo district was at the advance level with average value of 75.75.
Comments: JPT’s New Website
Authors: Smith Glenda
Published: April 2021

I hope that, by now, most of you have seen our new magazines website, which launched on 1 February. Beyond a clean, modern design that is mobile friendly, our goal was to make our content even more accessible and valuable to you. If you have not visited the new site, I would encourage you to do so at jpt.spe.org.

SPE has been working on transforming our digital presence, and this new website is a big step forward in that journey. We have made it easier for you to find content that is valuable to you. JPT and our other magazines generate a lot of articles beyond those in the monthly JPT issue—technical content that crosses all disciplines, along with news to help you stay up to date with what is happening in our industry. By bringing all our magazines together in a single site, we have made it possible for content from the different publications to be combined easily, allowing you to find everything we have published on a subject of interest.

The website is organized broadly by discipline but also by topics within those disciplines, giving you the choice of scanning articles broadly or in a more focused manner. Each article has topics and more specific tags at the bottom of the page. These are clickable to allow you to find even more related content. The site has a terrific search engine, so whether you’re searching for information on human factors, discoveries off Guyana and Suriname, or electric submersible pumps, it will direct you to our most relevant content.

If you log in and you have given SPE your primary and secondary disciplines, there is a section of the homepage that will recommend relevant recent content that you may have missed. The homepage also includes a sampling of discipline-specific content at the bottom of the page, a couple of topical focus areas that will change periodically, sponsored content, and the most recent 2 months of technical paper synopses.

Another change you may notice is locked content, starting with the technical paper synopses. This is content that we develop specifically for you—our members—and we want to ensure that it is the member benefit that it was intended to be. We are still making the full-length technical papers available to members for down-load. You will find them at the end of each related synopsis, as well as in the issue article on the homepage (right column, about halfway down).

Bookmark our new website (jpt.spe.org) and visit regularly to stay up to date. You can share any feedback at JPTcomments@spe.org.
Well-Flux Surveillance and Ramp-Up Method for Openhole Standalone Screen Completion
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: April 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 201662, “A Well-Flux Surveillance and Ramp-Up Method for Openhole Standalone Screen Completion,” by Mehmet Karaaslan and George K. Wong, University of Houston, and Kevin L. Soter, SPE, Shell, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, Colorado, 5-7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Production and surveillance engineers need practical models to help maximize production while avoiding ramping up the well to an extent that the completion is damaged, causing well impairment or failure. The complete paper presents a well-flux surveillance method to monitor and ramp up production for openhole standalone screen (OH-SAS) completions that optimizes production by considering risks of production impairment and screen-erosion failure.

Challenges of Increased Production vs. Well Failure

The problem of increased production vs. the risk of well impairment or failure is a pressing problem for sand-control wells in deepwater, where projects tend to have a small number of high-rate wells. In such environments, any well impairments or failures greatly affect the project economics.

Following unloading, well surveillance faces the critical step of ramping up to-ward the well’s designed peak rate for the first time when the actual well performance is uncertain. To reduce risk of well impairment or failure, surveillance information and models are needed to help make adjustments during the ramp-up process. Different models are available, from simple to complex and from small to large amounts of input data and computational efforts. Simple nonsurveillance models use field-derived operating limits of completion pressure drop and flow velocity or flux. They are non-surveillance models in the sense that no direct linkage of surveillance results to update flux calculations exists. Simple surveillance models use pressure transient analysis (PTA) results and completion information to evaluate changing well performance and adjust the ramp-up and long-term surveillance operations. The complex surveillance model evaluates well performance and adjusts well operations using probabilistic completion failure risks and coupled reservoir and completion simulations. These models mainly focus on cased-hole gravel pack and frac-pack applications. For openhole completions with sand control, the literature offers limited ramp-up surveillance references.

The objective of the well-flux model described in the complete paper is to ramp up the well safely and optimize production using PTA results as surveillance inputs to calculate completion fluxes for well impairment or failure assessment. The method follows an approach presented in the literature.
Prefetching of Web Objects For Effective Retrieval Process Through Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Singh T S Bhagavath , Chitra S
Published: April 2021

With the exponential increase of the internet’s user base, performance enhancing network architectures and algorithms has manifested themselves as a requisite. Algorithms for Prefetching and Caching of Web Objects have been observed to effectively minimize user perceived latency. These algorithms are made use of in architectures limited to a particular user. We can further improve the performance of these algorithms by making use of techniques like data mining. We propose an innovative idea of implementing Prefetching and Caching algorithms in a Clustered Network. This will enable all users in a particular cluster to make use of pre-fetched and cached web objects from all other users. The result of simulations indicates a reduction in web latency, internet traffic, and bandwidth consumed.
Quercetin and a plant substance, identified using a multi-copy number of DNA topoisomerase I in recombinant Pichia pastoris, inhibited MDA-MB-231 proliferation via different manners.
Authors: Gang Zhao , Pei Chao Sin , Fadzil Nur Adila , Kwok Lim Shern , Lan Chew Ai , Khoo Boon Yin
Published: April 2021

The study employed an in vivo strategy to construct a multi-copy number of human DNA topoisomerase I (hTopI) gene using pPIC3.5K vector in GS115 strain of Pichia. The yeast transformant (GS115-pPIC3.5K-hTopI; clone) was then used to investigate the preliminary growth effect of a pure compound (quercetin) and a standardised subfraction of ethanolic red onion peel extract (F1). The clones’ cell density was likely to be unaffected; only the total protein expression and enzyme activity were increased following the increased copy number of hTop1 in the host. The clone that showed the target enzyme's highest activity is said to respond specifically to growth inhibitors, whereby both quercetin and F1 were proven to be potential growth inhibitors as assessed by the MTT assay. In the process, quercetin reduced cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (S phase only), whereas F1 reduced cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest only (S and G2 phases). Quercetin and F1 induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 (carcinogenicity) gene mRNA expression, but only F1 induced CYP2S1 (cytotoxicity) gene mRNA expression in the treated cells, suggesting that both quercetin and F1 inhibited the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 via different manners. The newly developed GS115-pPIC3.5K-hTopI can be used to select various potential substances for breast cancer treatment in the future.
Exogenous D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Lowers Blood Glucose by Decreasing the Availability of L-Alaninefor Gluconeogenesis
Authors: Mota Adrian Soto , Norwitz Nicholas , Evans Rhys , Clarke Kieran
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInterventions that acutely increase blood ketone concentrations simultaneously lower blood glucose levels, although the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. The hypoglycaemic effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in whom gluconeogenesis contributes significantly to hyperglycaemia. L-alanine is a gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D. As infusion of ketones lower circulating L-alanine blood levels, we sought to determine whether supplementation with L-alanine would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of an exogenous ketone ester (KE) supplement.MethodsThis crossover study involved 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 hours prior to the ingestion of 25 g of D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the form of a KE drink (ΔG®) on two separate visits. During one of the visits participants additionally ingested 2 g of L-alanine to see if L-alanine supplementation would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of the KE drink. Blood L-alanine, L-glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, and C-peptide were measured every fifteen minutes for 120 minutes after ingestion of the KE, with or without L-alanine.FindingsThe KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible levels to 4.5 ± 1.24 mmol/L, lowered glucose from 4.97 to 3.77 ± 0.4 mmol/L, and lowered and L-alanine from 0.56 to 0.41 ± 0.9 mmol/L. L-alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L-Alanine to 0.68 ± mmol/L, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L-glutamine, FFA, lactate, nor C-peptide concentrations. By contrast, L-alanine supplementation significantly attenuated the ketosis-induced drop in glucose from 28% to 16% (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe hypoglycaemic effect of acutely elevated βHB is partially due to βHB decreasing L-alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
PAFAH1B3 predicts poor prognosis and promotes progression in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Suping , Ni Jun , Chen Bohua , Sun Fei , Ni Songshi , Tang Zhiyuan
Published: April 2021

Background

Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b catalytic subunit 3 (PAFAH1B3) plays an important role in several cancers. However, the role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been reported until now.
Methods

Expression of PAFAH1B3 in LUAD was determined by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot and Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. LUAD datasets with clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA). Chi-square test was used to investigate the correlation between PAFAH1B3 expression and clinical parameters. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to analyzed the prognostic value of PAFAH1B3. CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, transwell invasion assay and flow cytometry were conducted to detect cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and cell cycle. Western blot was performed to detect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuneCellAI) was used to analyze the effect of PAFAH1B3 on immune cell infiltration.
Results

Our study showed that PAFAH1B3 was upregulated in LUAD, and silencing PAFAH1B3 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and increased the cell population in G0-G1 phases in vitro. In addition, tissue microarray IHC analysis showed that the PAFAH1B3 protein level was remarkably correlated with distant metastasis, TNM stage and clinical outcome. Furthermore, multivariate cox regression analysis based on TCGA-LUAD datasets and tissue microarray indicated that PAFAH1B3 was an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD patients. Moreover, knockdown of PAFAH1B3 inhibited EMT in LUAD cells and PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression was correlated with immune infiltrates.
Conclusion

Our studies indicate that PAFAH1B3, a prognostic risk factor, promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT and affects immune infiltrates in LUAD.
Clinical Characteristics Of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infection: A Retrospective Study Among Children
Authors: Song Ting , Pan Fen , Jiang BingXin , Liu Honghong , Zhang Hong , Zhang Ting
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The clinical features and treatment of Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE）bacteremia among children were different from the adults. Clinical studies about CRE infection among children was still lack of enough samples. The aim of this study was to share our experience of diagnosis and treatment of CRE bacteremia and to improve the prognosis of children infected with CRE.Methods: Clinical records were systematically reviewed to extract the detailed information and treatment results. Potential risk factors for infection mortality were examined by a case-control study. Case-patients were those who died from the BSI and control-patients those who survived. Data were analyzed to explore the difference of clinical characteristics resulted from CRE infection between neonate and non-neonate group and more appropriate treatment strategy by using SPSS 23.0.Results: A total of 36 CRE BSI were collected from January 2016 to December 2019, including 21 neonates and 15 non-neonates. The mortality due to CRE infection was 25%. K.pneumoniae (22, 61.1%) was the main pathogen. Patients suffered from different clinical manifestions, including fever(24, 66.7%), Breath holding spell(13, 36.1%), Sepsis（11, 30.6%）, MODS(6, 16.7%), digestive tract symptom(15, 41.6%). The incidence of breath holding spell was higher among newborn group(P<0.05) while the incidence of sepsis was higher among non-neonate group(P<0.05). There was no difference of percentage of underlying diseases between survival group and non-survial group. Combination therapy shown a significant reduction of mortality (P<0.05).Conclusion: Klebsiella.Pneumoniae was the most common isolates among children CRE BSI .Monotherapy maybe appropriate for neonates for those with slightly clinical manifestation resulted from CRE BSI while combination therapy are more effective and could give rise to significant reduction of mortality among children.
A Multifaceted Approach to Supporting Mothers of Premature Infants
Authors: Mohagheghi Parisa , Keramat Afsaneh , Chaman Reza , Khosravi Ahmad , Mousavi Seyed Abbas , Mousavi Seyedeh Saeedeh
Published: April 2021

Background

Premature birth exposes mothers to a strange experience for which they are not mentally ready. Premature birth exposes mothers to a strange experience for which they are not mentally ready. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multi-faceted supportive approach on the levels of perceived support in mothers.
Methods

The present experimental study was conducted on 143 mothers with preterm infants, (In the intervention group, 75 infants and mothers and 68 infants and mothers in the control group), in the NICUs of two educational and referral hospitals of Tehran, Iran; from Feb 14, 2016 to May 14, 2016. The inclusion criteria were: having a preterm infant with gestational age < 37 weeks, birth weight < 2500 gr, high probability of survival, Iranian nationality and ability to communicate verbally. Exclusion criteria were: preterm infants without abnormality or disabling conditions such as intra ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4. The designed intervention was conducted based on the support system pattern of mothers with premature infants. Different interventions in support (appraisal, instrumental, emotional, and informational support) of mothers in NICU were planned for the supportive program, which was gradually implemented within 3 months of the intervention. The Nurse Parent Support Tool (NPST) was used to assess the mothers' perceptions of the perceived support. The control group received routine care. The obtained data were analyzed by STATA software 13. Classified variables were analyzed using t-test, chi-square and Inverse Probability Treatment Weights (IPTW).
Results

After adjusted mean differences (95% confidence interval) of outcomes between two groups, results showed that the all support scores including total support, -1.83 (95% CI -1.6 to -2.06), Instrumental support, -1.23 (95% CI -1.04 to -1.43), Emotional support, -1.87 (95% CI -2.15 to 1.6) and Appraisal support, -2.01 (95% CI -1.73 to -2.29), and Informational support, -2.12 (95% CI -1.82 to -2.43), in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusions

The information, support and early intervention play important roles in the maternal empowerment to cope with her situation.
Low-Cost Microwave Imaging Portable Device for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Aragão Alexandre de Jesus , de Carvalho Dionisio , Sanches Bruno , Noije Wilhelmus A. M. van
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a Microwave Imaging apparatus for breast cancer detection, aiming at early diagnosis, an effective way of reducing mortality rates. In 2020, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer cases worldwide, with more impact in low-income countries, which motivates seeking a non-invasive and affordable screening equipment. Focusing on low-cost and portability, a US$150.00 embedded hardware transceiver plus antennas platform has been picked out, together with the development of a dry-coupling silicone rubber bra hold by a handheld device. Initially, a losses study to analyze the hardware ability to detect malignant tumors depth in the breast was conducted. Next, simulations and tests employing the platform along with a breast phantom were carried out. This phantom mimics the dielectric breast tissue properties while a confocal algorithm was applied to backscattered signals to generate reconstructed images. Results established a correspondence between simulated and experimental data, SCR and SMR above 7.0 dB and 23.0 dB, respectively, in the resulting images and tumor location precision below 0.3 cm. Based on that, the low-cost portable proposed system results showed its ability as an adjunct early breast cancer diagnosis tool.
On The Bright Side of Life - The Effect of Ambient Light Intensity on Postsurgical Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Scheller Janine , Komann Marcus , Weinmann Claudia , Weinmann Jonas , Scharnagel Stephan , Mielke Anke , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Heifeld Stefan , Meissner Winfried
Published: April 2021

Light intensity affects humans in multiple ways. We aimed to characterize the potential impact of light intensity on patients’ pain management experience in the perioperative setting. Within the German multicenter registry project QUIPS, we collected patient reported outcomes (PROs) concerning pain and side effects, demographics and perioperative pain medication, and measured the light intensity in their rooms on the first postoperative day. Primary endpoint was maximum pain intensity rated on the numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10). Secondary endpoints were pain intensity during movement, mood, nausea, tiredness and satisfaction. Measurement of light intensity was done with a calibrated light meter. For analysis, we used linear and log-linear regression models with age, gender, pre-existing chronic pain, ASA status, and logarithmized light intensity as independent variables. Data of 539 surgical patients from 9 hospitals were included. We found no significant effect of light intensity on the primary endpoint. However, we observed a strong positive correlation between nausea and light intensity. Perspective: Our study indicates that further investigations about the clinical importance of light exposure with regard to nausea and other medical conditions might be worthwhile.Trial registration: QUIPS is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00006153)
Radial Carboxyterminal Peptides of Tubulin Directly Imaged in Microtubules by Electron Microscopy Tomography Exploiting Emplitude Contrast
Authors: Fera Andrea , Reese Thomas , Zimmerberg Joshua , Sackett Dan
Published: April 2021

Tubulin carboxyterminal tails (CTT) are peptides of 10-20 amino acids, unstructured and acidic, that vary in sequence between tubulin isotypes and are exposed on the outer surface of microtubules (MTs). These peptides have, so far, eluded direct visualization. In this report, electron microscopy tomography was applied to isolated MTs stained with Uranyl and tungstate salts demonstrated to resist sustained electron beam irradiation. Such resistance of high electron doses allows each electron microscopy image to be recorded with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Corresponding tomograms reconstructed from tilt series at high magnification show exceptional resolution of details, revealing features of average dimension ~ 1 nm without the need of averaging multiple samples. The known three-dimensional structure of the MT wall is apparent. But now images also reveal small stalks on the outer surface of MTs. Inspection of virtual sections demonstrates that the stalks are up to ~2.5 nm long and ~1 nm wide (at half length), protruding every 4 ± 0.8 (22) nm along the microtubule. This spacing corresponds to one stalk per tubulin monomer. The grafting point on each monomer is not random but is positioned at one end of each monomer, identifying that end as toward the (-) end of the MT. The stalks are not observed following CTT removal with subtilisin. We conclude that these stalks are the CTT peptides of tubulin.
HuR targeted by miR-29b-3p suppresses the malignant biological behaviors of AML cells via the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways
Authors: Tang Yong-Jing , Wu Wei , Chen Qiao-Qian , Liu Shu-Han , Zheng Zhi-Yuan , Cui Zhao-Lei , Xu Jian-Ping , Xue Yan , Lin Dong-Hong
Published: April 2021

Background: HuR/ELAVL1 (embryonic lethal abnormal vision 1) protein exerts important prognostic effects of involving in the pathogenesis and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aims to investigate the role of HuR targeted by miR-29b-3p in biological behaviors of AML cells and the involvement of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Methods: The expressions of HuR and miR-29b-3p were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, and the association between them was analyzed using the Spearman’s coefficient correlation. Next, the potential relationship between HuR and miR-29b-3p was predicted based on data from different biological information databases and verified by the Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The effect of miR-29b-3p-meidated HuR expressions on the biological behaviors of AML cells was explored after transfecting lentiviruses, mimics, and inhibitors against miR-29b-3p into AML cells. Then, the expression patterns of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected to understand the apoptosis effect of HuR on AML cells. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB /p65, IκBα, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 were determined to assess the influence of HuR on AML as well as the relationship between the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Results: HuR was negatively correlated with miR-29b-3p, which was thereby identified as a downstream target of miR-29b-3p in AML. When miR-29b-3p was overexpressed in AML cells, HuR expression was lowered, accompanied by inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, decreased Bcl-2 and Bax levels, as well as inhibited phosphorylation levels of p65, IκBα, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Conclusion: HuR is a direct target of miR-29b-3p. Lowered HuR protein expression by miR-29b-3p inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of AML cells via the inactivation of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways. Key words: HuR, miR-29b-3p, malignant biological behaviors, the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, acute myeloid leukemia
Nomogram for Predicting the Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Occult Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Huang Yang-Yu , Ma Guowei , Liang Shen-Hua , Wu Lei-Lei , Liu Xuan
Published: April 2021

Background: Occult breast cancer is a rare breast tumor, whose prognostic nomogram model has not been established. Thus, we aim to develop and validate a nomogram for evaluating the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with occult breast cancer. Methods: Between 2004 and 2015, 704 eligible occult breast cancer patients were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and then included in the surveillance. They were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 494) and a validation cohort (N = 210). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to explore independent prognostic factors and establish two survival-related nomograms. Area under the curve (AUC), consistency index (C index), internal and external validation calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), Kaplan-Meier analysis, and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the nomogram. Results: A total of seven variables were considered to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS): age, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, Progesterone receptor (PR) status, N stage, number of lymph node examinations, and number of positive lymph nodes. In the training cohort, the OS nomogram-predicted AUC for three, five, and ten years were 0.792, 0.775, and 0.783, respectively, while those of the CSS nomogram were 0.807, 0.817, and 0.812, respectively. The calibration chart showed excellent agreement between the actual and the nomogram-predicted survival rates in both the training and validation cohorts. The C-index values ​​of the OS nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.762 and 0.782, respectively, while those ​​of the CSS nomogram were 0.786 and 0.816, respectively. DCA and subgroup analysis proved the usefulness of nomograms. Conclusion: The developed nomogram provided a comprehensive visual model of the risk of each prognostic factor. It can be conveniently used as a personalized prediction tool for the prognosis of occult breast cancer patients.
A case of trichotillomania with bulimia: combined with N-acetylcysteine synergistic therapy
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Wang Shikai , Hong Xiujuan , Lu shaojia , Tang Sufang , Shen Yue , Feng Ming , Guo Ping , Fang Yu
Published: April 2021

Background Trichotillomania is a common type of obsessive-related disorder characterized by repetitive hair pulling, driven by escalating tension before the action and during the attempts to resist it, and causing variable hair loss. Most clinical treatments for trichotillomania have poor curative effects. Case presentationWe treated a case of trichotillomania with bulimia with N-acetylcysteine synergistic treatment. The pathological hair plucking behaviour and binge eating symptoms were both significantly improved.ConclusionThis case suggest that N-acetylcysteine can be one choice as a synergistic or adjuvant treatment for impulse control disorder. Moreover, trichotillomania and bulimia may have a common pathophysiological mechanism.
The Clinical Features and the Factors Affecting Visual Prognosis in Pediatric Open-Globe Injuries
Authors: Öztürk Hakan , Özen Bediz
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To investigate clinical features and factors affecting visual prognosis after pediatric open-globe injuries.Methods: Children with final logMAR-visual acuity (LVA)>0.70 were determined as poor-vision group (group1, n=108) and those with final LVA≤0.70 as good-vision group (group2, n=115). Analyzes were done. Results: Compared to group1, group2 had better initial and final visions (1.21±0.26 vs 0.60±0.28, p<0.001 for initial-LVA; 1.00±0.32 vs 0.30±0.13, p<0.001 for final-LVA), greater ocular trauma score (OTS) (1.72±0.53 vs 3.73±0.61, p=0.025) and smaller injury size (10.4±3.5 vs 5.8±2.4 mm, p=0.002). Globe rupture (37.0% vs 17.4%, p=0.015) and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) (44.4% vs 17.3%, p=0.037) were higher in group1, while penetrating injury (45.4% vs 72.2%, p=0.044), zone 1 involvement (39.8% vs 65.2%, p=0.038) and metal object injury (29.6% vs 51.3%, p=0.041) were higher in group2. Final LVA (for group1 and group2) was negatively correlated with OTS (r=-0.398, p=0.037; r=-0.369, p=0.040), while positively correlated with injury size (r=0.412, p=0.031; r=0.318, p=0.046) and initial LVA (r=0.335, p=0.043; r=0.402, p=0.034). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating effects of age, time between trauma and surgery, OTS, injury size, follow-up time and initial vision on final poor and good visions in detail. Low OTS, poor initial vision, globe rupture and RAPD were poor prognosis indicators, while small injury size, penetrating injury, zone 1 involvement and metal object injury were good prognosis indicators. Additionally, in both groups final vision worsened as OTS decreased, injury size increased, and initial vision worsened. These prognostic factors may be useful in managing trauma.
How do landscape elements affect public health through the physical neighborhood environmental factors? A cross-sectional study of a subtropical high-density city, Guangzhou
Authors: Fang Yongli , Que Qingmin , Tu Ruoxiang , Liu Yijun , Gao Wei
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood landscapes and environments influence public health through multiple pathways, but few studies have assessed their effects in high-density cities in subtropical monsoon regions, especially mediating pathways of the physical environmental factors.Purpose: Objectives of this study are to explore associations between neighborhood landscape elements and public health in a subtropical high-density urban context, elucidate mediating effects of physical environmental factors, and propose corresponding neighborhood renewal strategies.METHODS: Nine sampling sites were selected in Guangzhou, China, and cross-sectional health data were collected from 438 participating residents using the SF-36 scale. Landscape elements of the neighborhoods, including greenness, blue spaces, walking trail systems, hard open spaces, landscape architecture, and dedicated sports spaces were mapped by unmanned aerial vehicle surveys. Six physical environmental factors were also measured in the surveys: the heat stress index (HSI), relative humidity (RH), average wind speed (AWS), negative oxygen ions (NOI), <2.5 µM particulate matter (PM2.5), illumination (I), and noise (N). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and general linear models were used to explore differences between neighborhoods in landscape elements. Relationships between public health and both landscape elements and physical environmental factors, as well as the mediating pathways involved, were explored by correlation analysis and Mediation analyses.Results: I, RH, HSI, NOI, and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with public health in the neighborhoods, as were greenness, blue spaces, walking trail systems, and hard open spaces. No significant correlations were found between public health and either landscape architecture or dedicated sports spaces. Multiple mediation analysis showed that greenness, blue spaces and hard open spaces significantly affected public health, with mediation by I, HSI and NOI, while walking trail systems had significant effects on public health mediated by I, HSI and NOI, but the total mediation effect was not significant.Conclusion: In subtropical high-density neighborhood, landscape elements have close associations with public health, especially greenness, blue spaces, walking trail systems, and hard open spaces, mainly mediated by effects on light, thermal, and atmospheric environments. Low-quality landscape architecture and space areas do not promote public health. These closely related landscape elements and physical environments need careful attention in community renewal efforts.
Expression of VEGF-A Signaling Pathway in Cartilage of ACLT-Induced Osteoarthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Qian Jiajia , Xu Qi , Xu Wei-min , Cai Ren , Huang Gui-cheng
Published: April 2021

Background: The clear understanding of the underlying mechanism of Osteoarthritis(OA) remains elusive.Researches have shown that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF) induced angiogenesis and inflammation were important processes in the pathophysiology of OA.Now, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection surgery(ACLT) induced OA model was often used to invesgate the molecular mechanism of OA,but till now the angiogenesis and inflammation reaction in different pathological stages of ACLT-induced OA model has never been revealed.Methods:Moderate OA model was established by ACLT,and 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after surgery, Hematoxylin–eosin(HE) and Safranin-O(S-O) staining were used to detect the pathological changes in mouse knee cartilage,and the matrix biomarkers A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 5(ADAMTS5), Collagen II(COL-II) were detected using Immunohistochemistry (IHC),CD31 was detected by Immunofluorescence(IF) to show the vascular invasion in cartilage,and proteins expression of VEGF-A pathway were detected by Western blot(WB).Meanwhile the inflammatory biomarkers Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase(Inos) in cartilage were detected by WB.Results:ACLT surgery can lead to degeneration of cartilage in mice,and the characteristics of the lesion were time dependent.The ADAMTS5 positive cells increased while COL-II decreased in OA cartilage with time,new blood vessel labeled by CD31 can been seen from 1 week in OA cartilage,and increased in 8 and 12 weeks.The expression of VEGF-A,VEGFR2,COX-2 and iNOS were higher than control groups,which were basically consistent with the degree of osteoarthritis.Conclusions:VEGF-A related signaling pathway played an irreplaceable role in the occurrence and development of ACLT model,and the underlying mechanism may be related to the angiogenesis and inflammation in cartilage.