bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant Guidance of Rocket Vertical Landing Phase Based on MPC Framework
Authors: Li Jingqi , Long Yaosong , Su Mao , Liu Lei , Wang Bo , Cheng Zhongtao
Published: August 2022

For the vertical landing process of reusable rockets, the landing accuracy is likely to be affected by disturbances and faults during flight. In this paper, a fault-tolerant guidance method based on the MPC framework is put forward. First, we propose a piecewise guidance algorithm that combines a trajectory optimization algorithm based on convex optimization with the MPC framework. With the fast trajectory optimization algorithm and the MPC framework that recursively introduces the real-time state, this algorithm forms a robust closed loop. Then, we design an integrated guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system to enhance the fault tolerance and robustness of the guidance method. Simulation experiments verify that this method is fault-tolerant to various fault conditions including navigation system failures, control system failures, drag coefficient deviations, and atmospheric density deviations. This guidance method is robust enough to overcome disturbances and faults, and it has great potential for online use.
Integrated Serum Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Interventional Effects of Quzhi Decoction against Osteoarthritis Pain
Authors: Shi Xiaoqing , Wu Peng , Jie Lishi , Zhang Li , Mao Jun , Yin Songjiang
Published: August 2022

Objectives. Chronic pain, the main symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA), remains the primary reason for decreased functional capacity. Quzhi decoction, a TCM prescription, is effective in treating chronic pain in OA, but the potential mechanisms require further exploration. Methods. An anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat model was established, and pain-like behavior was evaluated. Metabolomics analysis of serum samples was performed to identify differential metabolites, and network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets of Quzhi decoction for the treatment of OA. Finally, we constructed a comprehensive network of serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. At the same time, the obtained key targets were verified by molecular docking. Results. Quzhi decoction was shown to attenuate pain-like behavior and joint inflammation in OA rats. Through serum metabolomics, thirty potentially significant metabolites were found to be involved in the therapeutic effects of Quzhi decoction against OA pain. According to network pharmacology, 107 active drug components were matched with 115 disease targets, which was partly consistent with the metabolomics findings. Further analysis focused on 6 key targets, including CYP3A4, PLA2G4A, PTGS1, PTGS2, TYR, and ALOX5, and their associated core metabolites and pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the related targets had high affinity with the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Quzhi decoction. Conclusion. The effect of Quzhi decoction on OA pain may be related to the inhibition of joint inflammation, mainly through disturbing arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and leukotriene metabolism. Further systematic molecular biology experiments are needed to verify the accurate mechanism.
A Recent Trend on Additive Manufacturing Sustainability with Supply Chain Management Concept, Multicriteria Decision Making Techniques
Authors: Subramani Raja , Kaliappan S. , Arul kumar P. V. , Sekar S. , Poures Melvin Victor De , Patil Pravin P. , Esakki raj E. S.
Published: August 2022

In the past 3 decades, the emerging technology in manufacturing sector other than conventional manufacturing is additive manufacturing (AM). The additive manufacturing principle was completely born from the research gaps of conventional manufacturing concepts such that the elimination of wastage and produce the component layer upon layer. Every new technology obtains the sustainability that may consider in the supply chain management principle of the raw material to finished products and decision-making techniques are to reach the consumer or customer as properly and periodically but these things are addressed challenges in additive manufacturing. This review paper aims to narrate the common research gaps on additive manufacturing, the structure of the supply chain management on AM, MCDM tools/techniques, AM application in different fields, challenges of selection of additive manufacturing, AM processes, and its application. The traditional method of literature review has been used for this review. The outcome of this review has helped the new researcher’s decision making on the AM various problems as easily and the new researchers may give the experimental solution for explored research gaps.
Joint Optimization for MEC Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in IoV Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yancong , Ke Hongchang
Published: August 2022

In the Internet of Vehicle (IoV), the limited computing capacity of vehicles hardly processes the intensive computation tasks locally. The computation tasks can be offloaded to multiaccess edge computing (MEC) servers for processing, where MEC provides the required computing capacity to the nearby vehicles. In this paper, we consider a scenario where there are cooperation and competition between vehicles, the offloading decision of any vehicle will affect the decisions of the others, and the computing resource allocation strategies by MEC will dynamically change. Therefore, we propose a joint optimization scheme for computation offloading decisions and computing resource allocation based on decentralized multiagent deep reinforcement learning. The proposed scheme learns the optimal actions to minimize the total weighted cost which is designed as the vehicles’ satisfaction based on the type of stochastic arrival tasks and dynamic interaction between MEC server and vehicles within different RSUs coverages. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithms based on decentralized multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) which is named De-DDPG can autonomously learn the optimal computation offloading and resource allocation policy without a priori knowledge and outperform the other three baseline algorithms in terms of the rewards.
Performance of Deep Learning-Based Algorithm for Detection of Pediatric Intussusception on Abdominal Ultrasound Images
Authors: Li Zheming , Song Chunze , Huang Jian , Li Jing , Huang Shoujiang , Qian Baoxin , Chen Xing , Hu Shasha , Shu Ting , Yu Gang
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims. Diagnosing pediatric intussusception from ultrasound images can be a difficult task in many primary care hospitals that lack experienced radiologists. To address this challenge, this study developed an artificial intelligence- (AI-) based system for automatic detection of “concentric circles” signs on ultrasound images, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of pediatric intussusception diagnosis. Methods. A total of 440 cases (373 pediatric intussusception and 67 normal cases) were retrospectively collected from Children’s Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2020. An improved Faster RCNN deep learning framework was used to detect “concentric circle” signs. Finally, independent validation set was used to evaluate the performance of the developed AI tool. Results. The data of pediatric intussusception were divided into a training set and validation set according to the ratio of 8 : 2, with training set (298 pediatric intussusception) and validation set (75 pediatric intussusception and 67 normal cases). In the “concentric circle” detection model, the detection rate, recall, specificity, and

F
1

score assessed by the validation set were 92.8%, 95.0%, 92.2%, and 86.4%, respectively. Pediatric intussusception was classified by “concentric circle” signs, and the accuracy, recall, specificity, and

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1

score were 93.0%, 92.0%, 94.1%, and 93.2% on the validation set, respectively. Conclusion. The model established in this paper can realize the automatic detection of “concentric circle” signs in the ultrasound images of abdominal intussusception in children; the AI tool can improve the diagnosis speed of pediatric intussusception. It is necessary to further develop an artificial intelligence system for real-time detection of “concentric circles” in ultrasound images for the judgment of children with intussusception.
Application and Optimization of Luenberger Observer Phase-Locked Loop and Inductance-Free Vector Control Method for Aviation Three-Phase Converter in Wearable Equipment
Authors: Zeng Bo , Sun Yuxiang
Published: August 2022

This work aims to strengthen the comprehensive performance of the Luenberger observer in the application of aviation three-phase converter and in physical exercise wearable devices to effectively detect human physiological signals. Firstly, the use status and characteristics of three-phase converters are discussed. Then, the Luenberger observer and its optimization process are described. Finally, the Luenberger observer is optimized through phase-locked loop technology and the vector control method. The experimental results indicate that the PLL of the steady-state linear Kalman filter is applicable to the multielectric aircraft converter for the aviation variable frequency power supply. The phase-locked loop of the steady-state linear Kalman filter is complicated, and the output angular frequency is inconsistent with the angular frequency of the actual voltage of the aircraft variable-frequency power supply. Consequently, it does not have the function of frequency locking. On the contrary, the Luenberger observer phase-locked loop designed here is suitable for the multielectric aircraft converter for the aircraft variable-frequency power supply. In addition, it is simpler than the steady-state linear Kalman filter phase-locked loop and realizes the frequency-locking function. In addition, the vector control method significantly improves the control performance of the Luenberger observer. The control error of the original observer is about 0.24°, and the control error of the optimized observer is about 0.18°. This work provides technical support for the performance optimization of the Luenberger observer and contributes to the performance improvement of the aviation three-phase converter.
BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia
Authors: Naidoo Kavitha , Abbai Nathlee , Tinarwo Partson , Sebitloane Motshedisi
Published: August 2022

Background. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. There is a proposed bidirectional relationship between hrHPV and vaginal microbial diversity. This study investigated the association between BV associated bacteria in women co-infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hrHPV. Methods. Stored cervical cytobrush samples were used for real time PCR detection of eight BV associated bacteria. Analysis of BV bacteria detected against HPV infection, socio-demographics and HIV data were conducted in R Statistical computing software of the R Core Team, 2020, version 3.6.3. Results. A total of 190 samples were analysed. A. vaginae (p <0.001) BVAB 1 (p <0.001), BVAB 2 (p =0.428), BVAB 3 (p <0.001), Lactobacillus species (p =0.016) and S. sanguinegens (p =0.007) were associated with prevalent hrHPV. Increasing CIN severity was independently associated with detection of BVAB 1 OR 1.51(95% CI: 0.42-5.55), BVAB 3 OR 2.72(95% CI:0.90-8.55) and S. sanguinegens OR 1.02(95% CI:0.37-2.80). All HPV genotypes/groups, gravida <2, A. vaginae (p =0.002) and BVAB 1 (p =0.026) were significantly associated with HPV persistence. BVAB 3, p =0.010 and HPV 16 were significantly associated with HPV reinfection. Conclusion. There is a significant association of A. vaginae, BVAB 1, BVAB 3, S. sanguinegens and Lactobacillus spp to prevalent hrHPV. BVAB 1, BVAB 3 and S. sanguinegens had an increased odds for increasing CIN severity. A vaginae, BVAB 1, gravida and all the HPV genotypes/groups were significantly associated with HPV persistence. Only BVAB 3 and HPV 16 were significantly associated with hrHPV reinfection at 1 year review. BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 are possible biomarkers for HPV infection and CIN progression.
An Evaluation of Yeast Culture Supplementation in the Diet of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis: Growth, Antioxidant Activity, Nonspecific Immunity, and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Hou Xuying , Sun Liujian , Li Zhiqiang , Deng Xiangyi , Guan Hongkun , Luo Chengzeng , Shi Ye , Zhou Wenhao , Liang Tingyin , Yang Yuhong , Li Xiaojing
Published: August 2022

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast culture (YC) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant activity, nonspecific immunity, and disease resistance of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (average initial weight6.01±0.01 g). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 0 (Y0), 10 (Y1), 20 (Y2), and 30 (Y3) g/kg YC, respectively. After the feeding experiment, the challenge test of injecting Aeromonas hydrophila was executed. Results showed that appropriate YC supplementation level in the diet could improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, nonspecific immunity capacity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of P. ussuriensis. And the highest weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate, and IGF-1 gene expression level were observed in fish fed the Y2 diet. The activities of protease and amylase in intestine in fish fed the Y2 diet were enhanced compared with that in fish fed the Y0 diet significantly (P<0.05). Simultaneously, fish fed the Y2 diet had significantly higher serum lysozyme activity and significantly lower serum alanine amino transferase activity (P<0.05). Dietary 20 g/kg YC supplementation increased the activity of catalase and total antioxidant capacity in liver and reduced malondialdehyde content in the liver and intestine of P. ussuriensis significantly (P<0.05). Fish fed the Y2 diet had the highest disease resistance under the condition of A. hydrophila challenge (P<0.05). The quadratic regression analysis based on weight gain against dietary YC levels indicated that the appropriate dietary YC supplementation level is 13.4 g/kg diet.
Strengths of the personality in the VIA model as a mediator of psychological well-being in professional activities
Authors: Rean Аrtur A. , Stavtsev Аlexey A. , Kuzmin Roman G.
Published: August 2022

Background. Positive psychology is one of the most rapidly developing areas in modern psychological science. Ze consideration of personality strengths within the framework of positive psychology as mediators of the negative impact of professional burnout on the psychological well-being of the individual actualizes the use of the “VIA” model in the study of psychological well-being in professional activities. Objective. In this article, we use the concept of personality strengths in “Values in Action” (VIA) model. In particular, the role of personality strength as a “mediator” of the negative impact of professional burnout on the psychological well-being of the individual, represented by the concepts of life satisfaction, self-esteem and self-e[cacy is considered. Sample. Ze study involved 7946 teachers from seven regions of Russia (7466 women and 480 men) aged 18 to 95 years, the average age was 45 years. We have to note that the vast majority of respondents (97%) were between 20 and 65 years old. Methods. Ze study used personality questionnaires: “Life satisfaction scale” (Osin, Leontiev, 2020), “Self-esteem scale” (Bodalev, Stolin, 1987), “General self-e[cacy scale” (Shvartser, Yerusalem, Romek, 1996), “Professional burnout” (Vodopyanova, Starchenkova, 2019), “Questionnaire of 24 personality strengths” (Stavtsev, Rean, Kuzmin, 2021). Having analyzed the collected data, we developed a “path model”. With the help of this model, we assessed the signi\cance of each type of personality strengths as a “bu]er” between professional burnout and psychological well-being. Results. All indicators of consistency in the “path model” demonstrate extremely high values, which indicates its reliability as a descriptive tool applied to relationships of the presented elements. Ze results of the study con\rm the presence of a “bu]er” function in certain personality traits. Zus, we identi\ed 14 qualities out of 24 that exhibit a “bu]er” function and represent the best antagonists to the negative impact of professional burnout on life satisfaction. Conclusion. In the study, 14 qualities were found to exhibit a “bu]er” function that prevents the negative impact of external and internal factors, including stress, on a person. Also, 4 personality strengths (curiosity, zest, optimism, and gratitude) turned out to be the most signi\cant for maintaining psychological well-being of the individual, which allows us to outline the “quartet of psychological resilience”.
Types of interaction between mother and early age child with developmental disorders caused by neurological pathology
Authors: Valitova Irina E.
Published: August 2022

Background. We analysis of interaction between an adult and a child as well as the deXnition of criteria and conditions of a child’s development, constitute theoretical basis for sustaining family resources, which is especially important for the early stage of ontogenesis. Objective. We aim of the study is to describe the characteristics of interaction within the dyad “mother — early age child with developmental disabilities (resulting from neurological pathology)”, as well as to construct a typology of interaction and to determine the conditions of developing interaction for young children. Sample. We study involved dyads “mother-child of early age.” Comparison sample (n = 51) consisted of dyads with children of normotypic development (NT), the average age 24.8 months. We main sample (n = 54) included dyads with children with neurological pathology (NP), the average age 25.2 months. Methods. Video observation of mother and child interaction in the process of joint activity with a set of toys was used as the research method. We data of primary analysis of video materials in accordance with the author’s scheme were subjected to secondary analysis (assessment of diYerences between groups, correlation and factor analysis). Results. 4 types of interaction in the dyad “mother — early age child” are singled out. We types diYer in the parameters such as: position of the mother in the interaction, level of dialogic interaction, content of the actions of mother and child with their inZuence on each other, creation of the zone of proximal development. We optimal type of interaction that is favourable for the development of the child is characterized by the activity of both the mother and the child, the involvement and productivity of the child. We type that could be regarded as favourable with certain restrictions is the type called “child dominance”, in which the activity of the child prevails, but the activity of the mother is insu[cient. We unfavourable types are “mother dominance”, characterised by the predominance of mother’s activity, the obsessive-violent maternal position and the subordinate position of the child, and the parallel type, in which there is no joint activity of mother and child. Conclusion. We study established the relationship between the mother’s actions in relation to the child and his/her productivity and activity, characterised the optimal type of interaction, which creates conditions for the development of the child and the correction of its deXciency. We task for future research is to develop programmes that could be used to optimise mother-child interaction in those cases when the implementation of developing interaction is not entirely successful; such programs need to take into account the particular type of interaction within the dyad.
Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Attenuates Acute Impulse Noise Trauma: A Preclinical In Vivo Study
Authors: Videhult Pierre Pernilla , Fransson Anette , Kisiel Marta A. , Laurell Göran
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has shown therapeutic potential in several oxidative stress-related conditions in humans, is well-tolerated, and is easily administered via inhalation.The aim of this preclinical in vivo study was to investigate whether impulse noise trauma can be prevented by H2 when inhaled immediately after impulse noise exposure.

Methods:

Guinea pigs (n = 26) were subjected to impulse noise (n = 400; 156 dB SPL; 0.33/s; n = 11; the Noise group), to impulse noise immediately followed by H2 inhalation (2 mol%; 500 ml/min; 1 hour; n = 10; the Noise + H2 group), or to H2 inhalation (n = 5; the H2 group). The acoustically evoked ABR threshold at 3.15, 6.30, 12.5, 20.0, and 30.0 kHz was assessed before and 4 days after impulse noise and/or H2 exposure. The cochleae were harvested after the final ABR assessment for quantification of hair cells.

Results:

Noise exposure caused ABR threshold elevations at all frequencies (median 35, 35, 30, 35, and 35 dB SPL, the Noise group; 20, 25, 10, 13, and 20 dB SPL, the Noise + H2 group; P < .05) but significantly less so in the Noise + H2 group ( P < .05). Outer hair cell (OHC) loss was in the apical, mid, and basal regions 8.8%, 53%, and 14% in the Noise group and 3.5%, 22%, and 1.2% in the Noise + H2 group. The corresponding inner hair cell (IHC) loss was 0.1%, 14%, and 3.5% in the Noise group and 0%, 2.8%, and 0% in the Noise + H2 group. The difference between the groups was significant in the basal region for OHCs ( P = .003) and apical ( P = .033) and basal ( P = .048) regions for IHCs.

Conclusions:

Acute acoustic trauma can be reduced by H2 when inhaled immediately after impulse noise exposure.
Voices from the Frontlines: The Challenges and Rewards of Immigration Activism
Authors: Velez Brandon L. , Baranowski Kimberly A. , Manosalvas Kiara
Published: August 2022

This consensual qualitative research study explored immigration activists’ perspectives on the rewards and challenges of their work, how they cope with challenges, and their recommendations for how psychologists could best support them. Fifteen self-identified immigration activists completed one-hour, semi-structured, individual interviews. Analysis yielded 25 categories associated with six domains (Catalysts for Activism; Vision for Activism; Rewards; Challenges; Coping Strategies; and Recommendations for Psychological Practice, Research, and Advocacy). Participants reported emotional distress and burnout, but this challenge co-occurred with rewards such as connecting with colleagues or increased skills and tools. Activists used a variety of coping strategies, including maintaining boundaries, and encouraged psychologists to provide them with psychoeducational training, to provide services that are relevant and accessible to immigrant communities, and to advocate for immigration issues. The findings are placed in context with prior research pertaining to social identity, social justice activism, and multicultural competence.
Acceleration sensor of medium-high frequency dual FBG based on L-shaped support sensitization structure
Authors: Qiu Zhongchao , Sun Rui , Hong Li , Chen Yiliu , Yu Ruihong , Gao Qiang
Published: August 2022

It is a key part for micro seismic crack detection, mechanical equipment operation state and structural health monitoring to measure high frequency vibration. A kind of FBG acceleration sensor based on flexure hinge is proposed targeting at the problem of existing medium-high-frequency FBG acceleration sensor’s low sensitivity. Two FBGs are fixed on L-shaped support in a differential arrangement to improve sensitivity of sensor and eliminate adverse effects caused by temperature changes. Matlab and ANSYS software are used to simulate, analyze and optimize sensor. According to the simulation results, the real sensor is made, and the sensor calibration experiment is carried out. Research results show that resonant frequency of sensor is about 1700 Hz and has good linearity in flat range of 50–1000 Hz. Sensitivity of sensor can reach 18.9 pm/g, while linearity is higher than 99%, and temperature sensitivity is merely 0.074 pm/°C. Research results provide reference for researching and developing the same type of sensor, and further improving optical fiber acceleration sensor sensitivity.
Development and Validation of the Self-Rating Suicide Risk Screening Questionnaire
Authors: Lee Hwa Jung , Lee Dong Hun , Jeon Hong Jin , Lee Deok Hee , Yook Vidal , Jeon Ji Yeol
Published: August 2022

Since suicide is one of the major health problems worldwide, the goal of the present study is to develop a psychometrically sound suicide risk screening tool named Suicide Screening Questionnaire- Self-Rating (SSQ-SR) to quantify the risk of suicidal behavior. The development process includes item generation, item revision and refinement, and validation. A total sample of 2,238 adults in South Korea was used for analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that the SSQ-SR, containing 25 items, supported a three-factor model: “Situational factors,” “Negative self-perceptions and mental health factors,” and “Suicidal thoughts and behaviors.” Also, SSQ-SR showed satisfying internal consistency, concurrent validity and discriminant validity. Lastly, the results of ROC analysis showed a cut-off point of 33.5 for the low-risk group and 36.5 for the high-risk group. Considering these results, the current results demonstrate the SSQ-SR is a valid scale and therefore can contribute to future suicide-related studies and prevention.
Examination of Pandemic Awareness, Death Anxiety, and Spiritual Well-Being in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Özer Özlem , Özkan Okan , Büyükşirin Bilge
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to examine the relationships between the variables of pandemic awareness, death anxiety, and spiritual well-being and reveal whether the participants’ perceptions of pandemic awareness, death anxiety, and spiritual well-being differed according to various sociodemographic characteristics. The study population is comprised of individuals aged 65 years and over in Edirne, Turkey. The data obtained from 449 people in the study were analyzed using various statistical methods. According to the results of the regression analysis performed in the study, the increase in the participants’ pandemic awareness was found to reduce their death anxiety and increase their spiritual well-being statistically. Moreover, the increase in the participants’ death anxiety statistically reduced their spiritual well-being.
Chunking in Visual Working Memory: Are Visual Features of Real-World Objects Stored in Chunks?
Authors: Luo Tianrui , Tian Mi
Published: August 2022

Are visual features of real-world objects stored as bound units? Previous research has shown that simple visual features (e.g., colored squares or geometric shapes) can be effectively bound together when forming predictable pairs in memory tasks. Through a “memory compression” process, observers can take advantage of these features to compress them into a chunk. However, a recent study found that visual features in real-world objects are stored independently. In the present study, we explored this issue by using drawings of fruits as memory stimuli, presenting four pictures of fruit in separate test trials in which we required observers to remember eight total features (i.e., four colors and four shapes). In the congruent trials, the color of the fruit matched its natural appearance (e.g., a red apple), while in incongruent trials, the color of the fruit mismatched its natural appearance (e.g., a red banana). We paired the shape of the fruits randomly with a color (without replacement). According to chunking theory, if visual features of real-world objects are stored in a chunk, the highest memory capacity should be accompanied by the longest response time in congruent trials due to an extra decoding process required from the chunk. We did find that participants had the highest memory capacity in the congruent condition, but their response times in the congruent condition were significantly faster than in the incongruent condition. Thus, observers did not undergo a decoding process in the congruent condition, and we concluded that visual features in real-world objects are not stored in a chunk.
Profiling Physical Activity Motivation Based on Reasons for Exercise: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: (Martinez) Kercher Vanessa M. , Burton Damon , Pickering Michael A. , Kercher Kyle
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify profiles based on the reasons adults have for being physically active. A secondary purpose was to examine how profiles differ on motivational regulation and physical activity (PA). A total of 1275 (46.5 ± 16.8 years) participants were solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, International PA Questionnaire, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3, and demographic questionnaire were utilized to assess variables of interest with a cross-sectional survey. Using SPSS Version 26, K-cluster analysis was used to identify profiles based on the reasons for exercise that individuals identified as important. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences followed by ANOVA. Four profiles were derived based on reason for exercise scores: a multi-reason positive ( N = 361), a multi-reason negative ( N = 232), an autonomous-focused ( N = 259), and a control-focused cluster ( N = 382) ( p < .001). These unique clusters differed significantly ( p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation to be active and PA. The multi-reason positive cluster engaged in higher levels of total moderate and vigorous PA minutes/week compared to the other clusters. Therefore, adult’s motivation for PA may be likely to be affected by a combination of different informal goals and valuing a number of goals that are both extrinsic/controlling (e.g., to look good) and autonomous/intrinsic (e.g., to feel good), may promote greater autonomous motivation regulation and greater PA levels than highly autonomous/intrinsic goals alone.
Examination of the Relationship Between Daily Perceptions of Collective Efficacy and Marijuana Use Among Black Youth: Does the Location of the Perception Matters?
Authors: Booth Jaime M. , Shaw Daniel , Song Haeran , Sintim Daniel , Pearl Donell , Pollard Jordan , Weaver Emily
Published: August 2022

Neighborhood-level collective efficacy protects Black youth from substance use; however, neighborhood research does not account for the entirety of adolescents’ exposure or their perceptions of space which may be critical to understanding the role of context in substance use. To address this limitation, the SPIN Project recruited 65 Black adolescents ( M( SD) = 15.32(1.06)) to complete four brief surveys each day for a month describing their perceptions of spaces and marijuana use. Multilevel negative binomial models were estimated to test the relationship between an individual’s perceptions of collective efficacy and the marijuana used during a day, and if the location of the observations moderated these relationships. Findings indicated that the perceptions of collective efficacy protected adolescents from marijuana use when occurring within their home neighborhood, but not outside of it; thereby suggesting important variations in adolescents’ perceptions based on the location that matter for Black youth marijuana use.
Case report: An unusual case of ‘black’ larynx
Authors: Anastasiadou Sofia , Karkos Peter , Krystallidis Nestoras , Sfakiannaki Ioanna , Triaridis Stefanos
Published: August 2022

Ulcerative necrotic supraglottitis is a rare entity of laryngeal infection leading rapidly in laryngeal necrosis, systematic complications and potentially fatal outcomes. We present a case of a 50-year-old gentleman with ulcerative necrotising supraglottitis and no co-morbidities who presented in Ear Nose and Throat Service in the Accident and Emergency department due to dysphagia and weakness. He was treated with an emergency tracheostomy with neck exploration and washout and received appropriate supporting antibiotic regime. He improved and was eventually decannulated, able to breathe phonate and swallow appropriately. After a thorough review of the literature regarding necrotising infections of the laryngeal cavity, only 7 cases have been reported, all in immunocompromised patients with severe complications. Our case report is the first ulcerative necrotic supraglottitis in a healthy individual who was treated early and aggressively with impressive results.
The Impact of Marital Status and Race in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Goosmann Madeline , Williams Amy M. , Springer Kylie , Yaremchuk Kathleen L.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To examine the difference in survival of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on marital status and race.

Methods

A single academic institution with data collection from 2005 to 2015. Patients with a diagnosis of OSA based on polysomnogram were abstracted from electronic medical records. Patients were classified as “married” or “unmarried.” Race was self-reported as White, Black, Asian American, Hispanic/Latinx, Middle Eastern descent, or unrecorded and gathered from the electronic medical record.

Results

There were 6200 adults included. Of these, married patients composed 62.7% (n = 3890) of the patients. Patients were 51.3% White (n = 3182), 39.8% (n = 2467) were Black, and 8.9% (n = 551) were other/unrecorded. Married patients had better survival probabilities ( p < .0001). Unmarried patients had 2.72 times the risk of death than those who were married (95% CI 1.78–4.20) when examining OSA survival. When examining survival of those on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) between married and unmarried patients, those who were unmarried had 2.00 (95% CI 1.58–2.54) times the risk of death than those who were married. Married Black patients demonstrated the best survival probabilities, followed by married White patients ( p < .0001). Married patients had lower mean sleep efficiency than those that were unmarried (76.2% and 77.2%, respectively; p = .019).

Conclusion

Married patients with OSA had increased survival compared to their single counterparts. Married Black patients had the highest survival.
State ownership, sustainable supply chain management, and firm performance: A natural experiment of the US–China trade conflict
Authors: Feng Yunting , Jiang Yusi
Published: August 2022

Under the increased global uncertainty, this study extends prior research on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and firm performance by investigating the divergent performance outcomes between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs, before and after the US–China trade conflict. Based on a sample of 7647 firm-year observations of Chinese listed firms, we found that SOEs experienced less severe performance impact from the trade conflict. Moreover, SOEs with more SSCM practices, including supplier management and customer cooperation, could harvest more performance improvement after the trade conflict, while non-SOEs receive performance reduction by doing so. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

JEL classification: C12, D21, F51, L33
On-Site Experiment and Characteristics Analysis of Ground Vibrations Induced by Vehicle Loads Moving on an Urban Trunk Road
Authors: Cao Yanmei , Li Zhe , Yang Chao
Published: August 2022

In urban areas, the ground vibrations induced by vehicle loads are becoming an increasingly serious environmental issue, especially in the planning and design of high-tech workshops. In this paper, traffic flow and ground vibrations are simultaneously measured from the vehicles moving on a trunk road in Beijing from 9:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. The correlation between traffic volume and ground vibration is calculated to analyze the contribution of different vehicle types and density. The characteristics of ground vibration are revealed by analyzing the experimental data from the testing points of time history and frequency variety. Moreover, the attenuation law of ground vibration is summarized and well fitted by the Bornitz model. Finally, according to existing assessment standards, the vibration levels are effectively assessed. The results indicate that the concentration of multi-peak ground vibrations in a short time period can be attributed to the combination of vibration waves induced by vehicles close to each other. Two vibration peaks were observed in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 12.5 Hz and 2.5 to 4 Hz, close to the resonant frequencies of vehicle parts. The environmental vibrations induced by road traffic may exceed the allowable values stipulated in the relevant standards, and undoubtedly influence the normal operation of precise instruments, even at a distance beyond 100 m from the source.
Understanding Airline Passengers during Covid-19 Outbreak to Improve Service Quality: Topic Modeling Approach to Complaints with Latent Dirichlet Allocation Algorithm
Authors: Çallı Levent , Çallı Fatih
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected the airline industry, as it has many sectors, and has created tremendous financial pressure on companies. Flight bans, new regulations, and restrictions increase consumer complaints and are emerging as a big problem for airline companies. Understanding the main reasons triggering complaints and eliminating service failures in the airline industry will be a vital strategic priority for businesses, while reviewing the dimensions of service quality during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an excellent opportunity for academic literature. In this study, 10,594 complaints against two major airlines that offer full-service and low-cost options were analyzed with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm to categorize them by essential topics. Results provide valuable information for both. Furthermore, this study fills the gap in the existing literature by proposing a decision support system to identify significant service failures through passenger complaints in the airline industry utilizing e-complaints during an unusual situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Accelerating Mixture Design for Cement Treated Base Material
Authors: Sebesta Stephen , Kim Jinho , Rew Younho , Taylor Ross , Townsend Peter
Published: August 2022

The stabilization of roadway and stockpile materials enhances the strength and stiffness properties of pavement base layers, allowing those layers to meet structural requirements in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. Historically, mixture stabilization design criteria have relied on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) results and, depending on the treatment type and test methods, they can take nearly a month to complete. Additionally, different treatment types currently require different preparation, curing time, and acceptance criteria. This research develops a harmonized and accelerated design procedure for cement-treated base materials with the objective of producing acceptable mixture design recommendations. This work focuses on a rapid test turnaround time, the inclusion of moisture conditioning in the mix design, and performance-related design criteria by relating an accelerated-cure indirect tensile test (IDT) to UCS and modulus of rupture (MoR). The resulting strength relationship model for the MoR, UCS, and IDT was found to show promise for estimating UCS based on an accelerated-cure IDT, and potentially estimating MoR from that same IDT. The newly formulated IDT test method illustrates the possibility of accelerating the mixture design procedure for cement-treated bases and harmonizing with mix design procedures used for emulsion and foamed asphalt-treated base materials.
The Relationship of Risky Online Behaviors and Adverse Childhood Experiences to Online Sexual Victimization Among Korean Female Adolescents
Authors: Choi Jungtae , Seo Mihye , Kim Jae-Won , Kim Kihyun
Published: August 2022

Prior research has demonstrated that online sexual victimization (OSV) is a significant social problem and is associated with adolescents’ negative developmental outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents’ risky online behaviors and offline victimization are related to the risk of OSV. The present study examined whether female adolescents’ risky online behaviors (mood regulation through the Internet, ingratiating behavior, disclosure of personal information, harassing behavior, talking with someone met online, and sexual behavior) and offline victimization (adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) would be associated with OSV. This study recruited female adolescents and their mothers within six metropolitan cities and provinces of residential areas of South Korea. A total of 509 female adolescents participated in the survey (aged 13–18 years). The present study employed multivariate regression to examine the relationship of risky online behaviors and offline victimization to the experience of OSV. Female adolescents’ risky online behaviors (harassing behavior, talking with someone met online, and sexual behavior) were significantly associated with OSV, and those with high exposure to maltreatment and family dysfunction during childhood were more at risk of OSV than adolescents with low exposure to ACEs. The results suggest that it is important to address the effects of risky online behaviors and exposure to offline victimization on female adolescents’ sexual victimization online. Identifying risky online behaviors and offline victimization related to OSV can help researchers and practitioners further understand female adolescents’ online victimizations in the context of offline and online dynamics.
Treatment Engagement Among Children Exposed to Violence: A Systems Perspective
Authors: Pinkerton Linzy M. , Kisiel Cassandra L. , Risser Heather J.
Published: August 2022

Childhood exposure to violence is a major public health issue. Effective treatment can reduce the impact of violence exposure on child outcomes. However, disparities in treatment engagement can interfere with effective treatment. This study reviews data collected from 2,546 children referred to community-based mental health services from 2001 to 2015 after exposure to violence. Children were categorized into three groups: those who attended intake but never started treatment, referred to as the Nonengager group; those who started but discontinued treatment prior to meeting treatment goals, referred to as the Attriter group; and those who completed treatment as rated by the treating therapist, referred to as the Completer group. The three groups were analyzed for differences in behavioral and emotional problems, racial identity, child social support, household income, number of people living in the home, parent stress, parent social support, community violence exposure, and neighborhood-level child opportunity. Analyses demonstrated that the Completer group were more likely to: live in neighborhoods with higher levels of childhood opportunity, identify as White, have an annual household income of $40,000 or greater, have significantly fewer people living in the home, report lower levels of parental stress, report higher levels of parental social support, report higher levels of child social support, and have significantly lower scores of emotional and behavioral problems after treatment. Overall, our study supports the importance of considering multiple ecological levels when targeting treatment engagement for children after exposure to violence. Results indicate that children from more advantaged environments are more likely to complete treatment, which leads to better outcomes. This can exacerbate existing disparities. Findings highlight the need for systems change and advocacy for children in less advantaged environments and meeting families in their specific context, to combat treatment disparities.
Impact of an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol on Postoperative Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bills Stephanie , Wills Brittany , Boyd Samara , Elbeery Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are perioperative care pathways designed to achieve early recovery after procedures. ERAS protocols have shown shortened recovery time, and lower opioid utilization and postoperative complication rates. Evidence to support the use of ERAS protocols is robust, however, minimal data exists in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: This observational cohort compared adults receiving post-operative care after coronary artery bypass or valve procedures who received an ERAS protocol containing acetaminophen, gabapentin, and methocarbamol to historical controls. The primary outcome of this study was postoperative opioid use during the first 72-hours following cardiac surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, average pain scores 72-hours postoperatively, and incidence of opioid-related complications. Results: Total cumulative 72-hour post-operative opioid consumption showed a trend toward reduction in opioid use in patients who received the ERAS protocol vs the historic control group [75.8 mg vs 105.4 mg oral morphine equivalents (P = .09)]. Median postoperative lengths of stay and pain scores were similar between groups. Opioid related complications including constipation and respiratory depression occurred more frequently in the control group compared to the ERAS group [47.7% vs 60.5% ( P < .05) and 57.1% vs 62.7% ( P < .05) respectively]. Conclusions: Use of an ERAS protocol shows a promising trend toward less postoperative opioid use in cardiac surgery patients. Lower rates of opioid-related adverse events, including constipation and respiratory depression, were observed in the ERAS protocol group. This study indicates that ERAS protocols have a potential role for cardiac surgery patients postoperatively.
On the underlying dynamics of traffic conflicts related to stochastic behaviour
Authors: Öreg Zsombor , Shin Hyo-Sang , Tsourdos Antonios
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse why and how air traffic conflicts occur as a result of the stochastic behaviour of both the ownship and the intruder and to show how system-level characteristics can be derived from such an analysis. Ensemble dynamics in a given traffic scenario have already been analysed using multi-agent simulations by many; however, such an analysis is hardly ever backed up and interpreted in terms of an analytical study. By making use of directional conflict probability maps, characteristics of integral, system-level quantities can be explained, providing further insight into the relationship of speed distribution parameters and system performance quantities, namely, safety and throughput.