bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Pe cuvânt de pionier!”: Despre reguli în vreme de urgență
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, RIZOIU Radu
Published: October 2021

The paper draws on the two forces that clashed during the first phase of the recent pandemic lockdown: the centrifugal force where people were unhappy about the Governmentimposed restrictions and tried to evade them and the centripetal force of individual initiatives targeting the adaptation of old habits to the new rules. By analyzing the role of individual assessment in filling in a written statement allowing you to exit the home for a limited list of activities and the State’s efforts to manage the economic downshifting by collecting company statements and ascertaining force majeure based on such statements, the paper tries to find equilibrium between the two opposing forces.
Cauza justificativă a consimțământului cu privire la transmiterea unor boli infectocontagioase
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, HERINEAN Dorel
Published: October 2021

In the context of the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19, the major concern in the public space is to prevent the transmission of the disease and to avoid the spread of the infection among the population. Along with the other mechanisms involved by the state authorities in the fight against the pandemic, criminal law has been involved in amending the crime of thwarting the fight against disease, which protects the social value of public health. The article aims to study the conditions, incidence and effects of the cause justifying the consent of the injured person regarding the criminal liability for this crime.
Revizuirea procedurii de negociere a aderării noilor state membre - între limbajul diplomatic și provocările concrete
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, DUMITRAȘCU Mihaela-Augustina , BONȚAȘ Adrian ,   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București
Published: October 2021

The accession of the new Member States to the European Union is a predominantly political and diplomatic process, the legal enshrinement of which in the European Union's primary law mainly concerns its general coordinates, its practical details falling mainly on the institutional and diplomatic practice of the EU and Member States. Although the overlapping of the national interests with lax regulation in Union law have been considered to have worked satisfactorily so far, they have also generated unpredictable situations in the context of the challenges posed by the international political and economic context and by the complexity of the issues related to the candidate countries in the Balkans, therefore having a high potential to generate resentment among these states. In order to prevent such situations from recurring in the future, the Commission has drawn up a number of proposals to revise the procedure for negotiating the accession of the new Member States, which are the subject of this research.
3P, un „virus” reactivat, care amenință sănătatea justiției penale
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, CIOCLEI Valerian
Published: October 2021

Populist penal policy (in short 3P), this is the "virus" subject to this analysis. There are some "clinical signs" that suggest that we are in a period of reactivation of this virus. This is the hypothesis that needs to be verified. As such, in the good medical methodological tradition (because we are talking about a virus) it is necessary, firstly, a short “epidemiological anamnesis” (I), after which, an evaluation of the “current pathological condition” (II).
Măsura preventivă prevăzută de art. 493 alin. (1) lit. a) C.pr.pen. nu vizează dizolvarea sau lichidarea din procedura falimentului prevăzută de Legea nr. 85/2014
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, TRANDAFIR Andra-Roxana
Published: October 2021

In this study we are showing that the logical interpretation of art. 493 alin. (1) lit. a) C.pr.pen. leads to the conclusion that the preventive meassure cannot be applied during insolvency procedures, because there is no absconding. Therefore, the Courts cannot, pursuant to art. 493 alin. (1) lit. a) C.pr.pen., prohibit the start of the insolvency proceedings or suspend them, even as far as prohibiting the dissolution or liquidation that takes place in this legal framework. The High Court of Cassation and Justice decided in this respect through the decision no. 18/2020.
Despre modificarea Codului penal prin Legea nr. 217/2020 sau Codul penal ca o „Carte de bucate”
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, CIOCLEI Valerian
Published: October 2021

Law no. 217/2020 on the modification and amendment of the Criminal Code and of the Criminal Procedure Code has as a main objective to strengthen the answer to some criminal offences perpetrated against minors. This analysis tries to establish whether such intervention of the legislator is modified, analyzing only the modifications and amendments of the Special part of the Criminal Code.
Differential expression of DPYSL2 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of dihydropyrimidinase-like 2, encoded by DPYSL2, in cancer of the vulva. DPYSL2 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Differential expression of WDR82 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of WD repeat domain 82, encoded by WDR82, in cancer of the vulva. WDR82 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
STUDI LITERATUR SEBAGAI KONSEP UNTUK MAHASISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI MATA KULIAH ALGORITMA PEMROGRAMAN
Authors: Handayani Astuti
Published: October 2021

Algoritma adalah metode atau langkah-langkah efektif yang disusun secara tertulis danberurutan yang berisi kumpulan perintah untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah yang dimanamasalah itu harus diselesaikan secara sistematis, tersusun, dan secara logis. Mata kuliahalgoritma dan pemrograman itu sendiri untuk diarahkan kepada mahasiswa agar merekadapat mengembangkan pengetahuan kognitif dan motorik para mahasiswa terhadap aspekaspek tertentu. Artikel ini ditulis untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada mahasiswa dalammemahami mata kuliah algoritma pemrograman dimana dalam memahami mata kuliahalgoritma pemrograman ini ada beberapa konsep yang dapat dilakukan para mahasiswa salahsatunya yaitu dengan studi literatur. Studi literatur itu sendiri merupakan suatu rangkaiankegiatan yang berkaitan dengan berbagai metode dalam pengumpulan data melalui buku ataupustaka yang lainnya, membaca, dan menulis atau mencatat, serta membuat bahan penelitian.Dengan studi literatur ini mahasiswa dapat memahami tujuan dari mata kuliah algoritmapemrograman ini, seperti mahasiswa dapat memahami mengenai konsep serta konstruksidasar dalam algoritma dan translasi atau terjemahan algoritma ke dalam bahasapemrograman. Dalam mata kuliah algoritma pemrograman ini mahasiswa juga harus dituntutuntuk berpikir secara sistematis dalam memecahkan suatu masalah seperti masalah-masalah dalam komputasi yang harus para mahasiswa kembangkan dalam mata kuliah algoritmapemrograman ini. Di dalam algoritma juga terdapat suatu kendala atau masalah yang berasaldari susunan atau struktur yang tidak sesuai atau tidak logis, dan ada juga kebingungan dalammelakukan penyelesaian suatu algoritma tersebut. Di dalam artikel ini penulis menuliskanbeberapa fasilitas atau tempat yang akan membantu suatu pembelajaran mata kuliahalgoritma pemrograman seperti ruang diskusi dan ada juga ruang untuk belajar bersama. Dimana suatu pencapaian dari metode ini adalah supaya mempermudah para mahasiswamaupun pelajar lain dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang berkaitan dengan algoritmapemrograman ini.
Hospitalitas gaya kepemimpinan dalam gereja dimasa pandemi
Authors: Tandepadang Detris
Published: October 2021

Pemimpingerejamerupakansalahsatualasanutamayangmenentukanberhasilatau tidaknya sebuah gereja.Pemimpin gereja masa kinidiminta untukmenjalankankepemimpinannyasedemikianrupauntukmenjawabsetiappermasalahanyangadasaatini.Malangnya,padaerainiminimsekalipemimpinyangdapatditeladanisehingga proses kaderiasikepemimpinan memilikitantangan besar.PemuridanKontekstualmerupakansalahsatuwadahperkumpulanorangpercayayangdiharapkandapatdigunakansebgaiwadahdalam mengatasikrisisketeladanankepemimpinan.Gerejasebagaisalahsatulembagasosialdimintauntukberperanaktifmembantumengatasihaltersebut.Olehsebabitudiperlukansebuahgayakepemimpinanyangmampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini penulis akanmenggunakanmetodekualitatifdenganmengkajiberbagaisumberliteratureuntukmenemukangayakepemimpinanyangsesuaidengankonteksmasakini.
Hospitalitas Pemimpin Berkarakter Kristiani
Authors: Mangenda Elieser
Published: October 2021

Abstrak : Artikel ini menyangkut tentang “ Hospitalitas Pemimpin yang berkarakter Kristiani “ Kepemimpinan merupakan hal yang tidak pernah usang dalam konteks kepemimpinan Kristen atau gereja. Kepemimpinan rawan terhadap konflik dan kepentingan, tidak terkecuali kepemimpinan Kristen. Karena sesungguhnya hanya ada satu pemimpin sejati dalam dunia ini, yakni Allah.Gereja menjadi alat kepemimpinan Allah di dunia. Kepemimpinan menurut Alkitab adalah kepemimpinan yang mengandalkan Allah atau yang dipimpin Roh Kudus. Pemimpinan yang dikuasai Roh serta memiliki tingkat spiritualitas tinggi adalah pemimpin yang kepemimpinannya didasarkan pada panduan firman Allah. Pemimpin harus memimpin orang yang dipimpin secara mantap sehubungan dengan panggilan Tuhan. Pemimpin sebagai figur pendidik memiliki karakter yang berkorelasi dengan budaya, dan tentunya konsep ini masih terasa asing bagi sebagian orang. Kepemimpinan merupakan suatu proses dengan berbagai cara mempengaruhi orang atau sekelompok orang untuk mencapai suatu tujuan bersama. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kaderisasi pemimpin melalui pemuridan kontekstual sebagai jawaban dari krisis keteladanan kepemimpinan. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jenis penelitian sosial secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan ilmu tentang bagaimana menjadi seorang pemimpin Kristiani yang sesuai dengan Firman Allah.
Active Recognition Attempts Induce Updating of Face Memories
Authors: Plummer Matthew , Hellerstedt Robin , Gibson Stuart , Simons Jon , Bergstrom Zara M
Published: October 2021

While successful retrieval typically strengthens memories, errors made during retrieval attempts can become encoded and bias subsequent remembering. It is not clear however whether such updating occurs during recognition of faces based on their visual properties. We investigated recognition-induced updating of face memories across three experiments, by comparing the effects of active recognition attempts against two control tasks that also exposed participants to erroneous face information while they were not trying to remember. Importantly, we used computer generated facial images drawn from locations in a multidimensional “face space” to match the degree of error that was introduced by the different tasks, enabling us to isolate the role of active retrieval processes in face memory updating. Participants first learned a series of target faces. Next, target faces were shown mixed with similar distractor faces and participants either actively tried to recognize the targets, or tried to encode one of the faces, or selected the face they thought was most distinctive. We then tested participants’ recognition memory for targets in a surprise final test, and measured to what extent their recognition errors on the final test were biased by their responses on the prior task. Across the three experiments, final recognition bias was significantly enhanced after active recognition attempts and was larger following recognition attempts compared to either control task. The findings extend on prior demonstrations that retrieval-induced updating occurs for semantically rich, complex memories by showing that engagement of active retrieval processes during visually-based face recognition can also induce updating.
A Place to Go: How Neighborhood Organizations Structure the Lives of the Urban Poor and Negotiate Social Policy
Authors: Custers Gijs , Engbersen Godfried
Published: October 2021

Neighborhood organizations are believed to be important in alleviating the plight of the urban poor. This study examines how different types of neighborhood organizations affect the lives of the urban poor in low-income neighborhoods. Qualitative field work was conducted in a faith-based organization, a professional welfare organization, and a volunteer-based organization. Our findings indicate the ways in which these organizations foster social relations between participants, provide daily structure to non-working individuals, and connect people to other organizations and systemic bodies such as the labor market or local government. In addition, the relation between the neighborhood organizations and social policy has been considered, paying close attention to policy processes of decentralization, responsibilization, and social innovation. A central aim of this study is thus to analyze how neighborhood organizations mediate between social processes at the micro-level and macro-level systemic forces. Finally, this study discusses how considering the socially productive role of local organizations may advance neighborhood effects studies.
Орден домініканців на землях Галицько-Волинського князівства (Руського королівства) (на прикладі Львова XIII–XIV ст.): між легендою та історією
Authors: Кузьмин Роман
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the publication is to find out the circumstances of the emergence of the Roman Catholic Dominican monastic order on the territory of the Galicia-Volyn principality (Russian Kingdom) and its efforts to consolidate in these lands. General scientific methods (comparison, analysis) are used as a research methodology. In preparation for publication, the leading methods were historical-comparative, synchronous and retrospective. The use of these scientific methods made it possible to analyze the sources and draw conclusions about the scientific problem. The scientific novelty of the study is that the researcher attempted to analyze available sources and formed historiographical narratives about the emergence of the Dominican Order in the Galicia-Volyn principality in general and in Lviv in particular. Conclusions. The emergence of the Dominican Order in the 13-th – 14-th centuries in the territory of the n kingdom was not accidental. The missions of the spiritual order served for the penetration of the Roman Catholic clergy, the establishment of missionary centers and were preparation for the establishment of a permanent church administration in the lands of the Galicia-Volyn principality. The expansion of the Order's network was closely linked to the growth of the urban network and the intensification of the migration processes of the urban Roman Catholic population from German and Polish lands. The issue of religion played an important role in the diplomacy of the Galician-Volyn princes and Polish kings of this period. Balancing between the Catholic and "steppe" worlds, the princes of the Russian kingdom were forced to compromise and give permission for the establishment of Roman Catholic centers in Lviv and other cities. The Dominican Order actively led the penetration of Catholicism and the influence of the Apostolic See in Rome on the territory of Kyiv Rus.
Kann die Subalterne zahlen? Die kolonialen Wurzeln der Finanzialisierung sozialer Reproduktion in Indien
Authors: Shah Anil
Published: October 2021

Unter dem Begriff der finanziellen Inklusion hat sich im vergangenen Jahrzehnt ein internationales Entwicklungsprojekt der Armutsbekämpfung herausgebildet, das darauf abzielt, Menschen ohne Bankkonto (unbanked) über Kredite und andere Finanzdienstleistungen in das globale Finanzsystem zu integrieren. Aus politökonomischer Perspektive wird die Rhetorik der finanziellen Inklusion unter anderem dafür kritisiert, dass sie die Finanzialisierung sozialer Reproduktion verschleiert, in der (a) die unbanked zu einem neuen Marktsegment für internationale Kapitalmärkte werden und (b) Haushalte mit geringen und unsicheren Einkommen ihre prekarisierten Lebensverhältnisse zunehmend durch Verschuldung organisieren müssen. Der Beitrag knüpft an diese Kritik an der neoliberalen Entwicklungspolitik an und erweitert sie um eine materialistisch-postkoloniale Reflexion, die die historische Verwobenheit von Verschuldung subalterner Klassen, Kolonialherrschaft und kapitalistische Entwicklung am Beispiel Indiens untersucht. Er zeigt, dass die finanzielle Inklusion/Exklusion ab dem 19. Jahrhundert Resultat einer strukturellen Subsistenzkrise war, welche sowohl durch die britische Kolonialherrschaft als auch durch kapitalistische (Klassen-)Verhältnisse entscheidend geprägt wurde.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Qur’an Centre Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Fathoni M Ilham , Indrayani Indrayani , Indrawan Mohamad Gita , Yanti Sri
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei model kausal, pengumpulan data mengunakan kuesioner dan didistribusikan kepada 89 karyawan di Qur’an Centre Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Analisis data statistik menggunakan SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square) dan menggunakan analisis jalur untuk menguji pola hubungan yang mengungkapkan pengaruh variabel terhadap variabel lainnya, baik pengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan dengan p-value sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, budaya organisasi secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja dengan p-value sebesar 0,001 < 0,05, lingkungan kerja secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja dengan p-value sebesar 0,001 < 0,05, kepemimpinan secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value sebesar 0,001 < 0,05, budaya organisasi secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, lingkungan  kerja secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, kepuasan kerja secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value sebesar 0,006 < 0,05, kepuasan kerja memediasi pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value 0,027 < 0,05, kepuasan kerja memediasi pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value 0,027 < 0,05, dan kepuasan kerja memediasi pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan p-value 0,041 < 0,05.
КРИМІНОГЕННА СИТУАЦІЯ В УКРАЇНІ В ПЕРІОД НЕП у
Authors: Бондарчук Микола
Published: October 2021

Метою дослідження є комплексний аналіз заходів, здійснюваних відповідними органами радянської влади на території УСРР періоду нової економічної політики (НЕП) з метою ліквідації проявів організованої злочинності. Завдання дослідження: визначити основні причини розвитку бандитизму та його прояви в Радянській Україні в умовах НЕПу; дослідити способи і методи боротьби радянської влади з ним. Методологічною основою дослідження є загальнонаукові (логічний, порівняльний), спеціальні історичні методи (проблемно-хронологічний). Вони дозволили визначитися з даним періодом, у якому проблема організованої злочинності досліджується конкретно, у хронологічній та логічній послідовності. Щодо вивчення окремих явищ цього процесу застосовувався порівняльний аналіз. Дослідження базується також на принципах науковості, історизму та об’єктивності. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у тому, що вперше здійснено комплексний аналіз проблеми проявів вказаної проблематики у цьому регіоні в 1921-1928 рр. та способів боротьби з ними. Введено у науковий обіг нові архівні документи з даної проблеми і матеріали періодики тих років. Зроблено спробу дати об’єктивну, неупереджену оцінку цих явищ і дій радянської влади у вказані роки. Нова економічна політика радянської держави впродовж 1920-х рр. реалізовувалася на фоні посилення проявів різного роду соціальних аномалій. Боротьба з ними відбувалася на тлі важкого соціально-економічного становища, у якому опинилося суспільство після Першої світової війни. Як показує аналіз архівних джерел, радянська влада надавала цим заходам, а насамперед їх припиненню важливе значення. Проблеми ці були викликані різними чинниками, однак в першу чергу – руйнівними процесами у самому суспільстві і боротьбою більшовиків за утвердження своєї влади. Також це стосується і подій і недавньої на той час Громадянської війни на теренах колишньої Російської імперії та державно-визвольних змагань в Україні 1917-1921 рр. Однією з головних причин росту організованої злочинності була складна економічна ситуація, яка була викликана наслідками воєнного комунізму. У досліджуваний нами період, а саме в першій половині 20-х рр. відбувався процес становлення правоохоронної системи радянської влади. Основний тягар відповідальності за стан криміногенної ситуації в країні покладався на місцеві органи міліції.
Asociación entre valsartán e inhibidores de neprilisina en el manejo de la falla cardiaca.
Authors: Boneu Yepez Deiby , Barragán Montiel Robinson , Arroyo Carrascal Dayana
Published: October 2021

Introducción: la falla cardiaca es una de las principales causas de muerte de origen cardiovascular y constituye la enfermedad cardiovascular con más alta tasa de rehospitalización en las personas ancianas. Se ha demostrado, con ayuda de varios ensayos clínicos, que el novedoso tratamiento LCZ696 para la falla cardiaca, compuesto de valsartán e inhibidores de neprilisinas, tiene un resultado mucho más eficaz que el tratamiento con Enalapril solamente. Objetivo: analizar cómo actúa la combinación de valsartán e inhibidores de neprilisina en el manejo de la falla cardiaca. Métodos: se revisaron los resúmenes y se escogieron los artículos que mostraran la terapia innovadora para falla cardiaca, basados en el mecanismo de inhibición de la Neprilisina. Se incluyeron los estudios sin restricción de diseño, con buen nivel de evidencia científica. Resultados: se recolectaron artículos de las bases de datos: Pubmed, Ebscohost, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scielo en español y Science Direct. Se obtuvieron en total 199 artículos que tratan sobre inhibidores de Neprilisina, 162 de los cuales puntualizaban sobre inhibidores de Neprilisina en el tratamiento de la falla cardiaca. Se obtuvieron 111 artículos completos de los que se incluyeron 39 artículos con información concerniente a la falla cardiaca, su etiología, clasificaciones, tratamiento innovador, entre otros temas. Conclusión: Sacubitril/Valsartán es un medicamento que ha demostrado su beneficio en el tratamiento de la falla cardiaca.
Novel chitosan-hydroxyapatite macroporous composites for biomedical applications
Authors:   “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Roumania, DUCEAC Ioana A. , TANASA Fulga ,   “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Roumania;
Published: October 2021

Composites made of natural and/or naturally-derived polymers intended for biomedical applications are expected to exhibit structures analogous to the natural ones, as well as valuable properties as biologic compatibility and activity, and the ability to allow new, biologically recognizable interactions/signals with the host tissue. Under these circumstances, novel chitosan-hydroxyapatite (Cs-HAp) macroporous composites were prepared through a simple procedure and subsequently characterized by the means of Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and mechanical tests. Experimental data confirmed the materials have high porosity, originating in the structure of Cs, and good mechanical properties, due to the presence of HAp, which enables them to be further employed in various biomedical applications, but only when low to moderate loads were used.
On the green catalytic synthesis of purpurogallin
Authors:   Normandie Université France, ENSICAEN, LCMT, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3 M, FR 3038, Labex EMC3,, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen, France, DIB Salima , VILLEMIN Didier ,   Normandie Université France, ENSICAEN, LCMT, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3 M, FR 3038, Labex EMC3,, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen, France, MOSTEFA-KARA Bachir ,   Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119,13000 Tlemcen, Algerie, HAMHAMI Amel ,   Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119,13000 Tlemcen, Algerie, BAR Nathalie ,   Normandie Université France, ENSICAEN, LCMT, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3 M, FR 3038, Labex EMC3,, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen, France, DEKHICI Mebrouka ,   Normandie Université France, ENSICAEN, LCMT, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3 M, FR 3038, Labex EMC3,, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen, France, CHEIKH Nawel ,   Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119,13000 Tlemcen, Algerie
Published: October 2021

The catalytic oxidation under green conditions of pyrogallol into purpurogallin was performed by air with laccase model copper complexes or by plant extracts containing peroxidases in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A study was conducted for turnip, depending on the amount of extract, the method of introduction and the pH. Optimization of these conditions made it possible to easily obtain pure purpurogallin with a yield of 78%.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım, Kredi Notu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: TÜRKSEVEN Derya Nur , ÖZDİLEK Elveda , KUTLAR Selahaddin
Published: October 2021

Doğrudan yabancı yatırım kararı alınırken kredi derecelendirme kuruluşlarının sağladığı bilgiler yatırımcılara ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 1992-2019 zaman aralığında kredi notu, ekonomik büyüme ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan kredi notu verileri Fitch, Moody’s ve Standart & Poor’s derecelendirme kuruluşlarından elde edilen bir indeks şeklindedir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların bağımlı değişken olarak ele alındığı modelde Johansen eşbütünleşme analizden elde edilen sonuçlarda değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Granger nedensellik analizi sonucunda doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve kredi derecelendirme notu arasında çift yönlü ilişki gözlenirken, büyüme ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve büyüme ile kredi derecelendirme notu arasında tek yönlü bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Buna göre büyümede meydana gelen bir değişim hem kredi derecelendirme notunu hem de doğrudan yabancı yatırımları etkilemektedir. Ayrıca yapılan analizler kredi derecelendirme notunun Türkiye’de bir politika aracı olarak kullanılabileceğine işaret etmektedir.
Tlr2/4 Double Knockout Attenuates the Degeneration of Primary Auditory Neurons: Potential Mechanisms From Transcriptomic Perspectives
Authors: Wang Quan , Shen Yilin , Pan Yi , Chen Kaili , Ding Rui , Zou Tianyuan , Zhang Andi , Guo Dongye , Ji Peilin , Fan Cui , Mei Ling , Hu Haixia , Ye Bin , Xiang Mingliang
Published: October 2021

The transcriptomic landscape of mice with primary auditory neurons degeneration (PAND) indicates key pathways in its pathogenesis, including complement cascades, immune responses, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important immune and inflammatory molecules that have been shown to disrupt the disease network of PAND. In a PAND model involving administration of kanamycin combined with furosemide to destroy cochlear hair cells, Tlr 2/4 double knockout (DKO) mice had auditory preservation advantages, which were mainly manifested at 4–16 kHz. DKO mice and wild type (WT) mice had completely damaged cochlear hair cells on the 30th day, but the density of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) in the Rosenthal canal was significantly higher in the DKO group than in the WT group. The results of immunohistochemistry for p38 and p65 showed that the attenuation of SGN degeneration in DKO mice may not be mediated by canonical Tlr signaling pathways. The SGN transcriptome of DKO and WT mice indicated that there was an inverted gene set enrichment relationship between their different transcriptomes and the SGN degeneration transcriptome, which is consistent with the morphology results. Core module analysis suggested that DKO mice may modulate SGN degeneration by activating two clusters, and the involved molecules include EGF, STAT3, CALB2, LOX, SNAP25, CAV2, SDC4, MYL1, NCS1, PVALB, TPM4, and TMOD4.
Emergence of Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Tigecycline Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Due to In-Host Microevolution
Authors: Han Xinhong , Shi Qiucheng , Mao Yihan , Quan Jingjing , Zhang Ping , Lan Peng , Jiang Yan , Zhao Dongdong , Wu Xueqing , Hua Xiaoting , Yu Yunsong
Published: October 2021

Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause both hospital- and community-acquired clinical infections. Last-line antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), such as ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and tigecycline (TGC), remain limited as treatment choices. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which CRKP acquires CZA and TGC resistance in vivo under β-lactam antibiotic and TGC exposure. Three CRKP strains (XDX16, XDX31 and XDX51) were consecutively isolated from an inpatient with a urinary tract infection in two months. PFGE and MLST showed that these strains were closely related and belonged to sequence type (ST) 4496, which is a novel ST closely related to ST11. Compared to XDX16 and XDX31, XDX51 developed CZA and TGC resistance. Sequencing showed that double copies of blaKPC-2 were located on a 108 kb IncFII plasmid, increasing blaKPC-2 expression in XDX51. In addition, ramR was interrupted by Insertion sequence (IS) Kpn14 in XDX51, with this strain exhibiting upregulation of ramA, acrA and acrB expression compared with XDX16 and XDX31. Furthermore, LPS analysis suggested that the O-antigen in XDX51 was defective due to ISKpn26 insertion in the rhamnosyl transferase gene wbbL, which slightly reduced TGC susceptibility. In brief, CZA resistance was caused mainly by blaKPC-2 duplication, and TGC resistance was caused by ramR inactivation with additional LPS changes due to IS element insertion in wbbL. Notably, CRKP developed TGC and CZA resistance within one month under TGC and β-lactam treatment without exposure to CZA. The CRKP clone ST4496 has the ability to evolve CZA and TGC resistance rapidly, posing a potential threat to inpatients during antibiotic treatment.
Monitoring Mitochondrial Partial Oxygen Pressure During Cardiac Arrest and Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. An Experimental Pilot Study in a Pig Model
Authors: Mandigers Loes , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Wefers Bettink Mark A. , Uil Corstiaan A. den , Damjanovic Domagoj , Mik Egbert G. , Brixius Sam , Gommers Diederik , Trummer Georg , dos Reis Miranda Dinis
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Ischemia and reperfusion are crucial in determining the outcome after cardiac arrest and can be influenced by extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The effect of ECPR on the availability and level of oxygen in mitochondria remains unknown. The aim of this study was to find out if skin mitochondrial partial oxygen pressure (mitoPO2) measurements in cardiac arrest and ECPR are feasible and to investigate its course.

Materials and Methods: We performed a feasibility test to determine if skin mitoPO2 measurements in a pig are possible. Next, we aimed to measure skin mitoPO2 in 10 experimental pigs. Measurements were performed using a cellular oxygen metabolism measurement monitor (COMET), at baseline, during cardiac arrest, and during ECPR using the controlled integrated resuscitation device (CIRD).

Results: The feasibility test showed continuous mitoPO2 values. Nine experimental pigs could be measured. Measurements in six experimental pigs succeeded. Our results showed a delay until the initial spike of mitoPO2 after ECPR initiation in all six experimental tests. In two experiments (33%) mitoPO2 remained present after the initial spike. A correlation of mitoPO2 with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial partial oxygen pressure measured by CIRD (CIRD-PaO2) seemed not present. One of the experimental pigs survived.

Conclusions: This experimental pilot study shows that continuous measurements of skin mitoPO2 in pigs treated with ECPR are feasible. The delay in initial mitoPO2 and discrepancy of mitoPO2 and MAP in our small sample study could point to the possible value of additional measurements besides MAP to monitor the quality of tissue perfusion during cardiac arrest and ECPR.
Interleukin-22 Deficiency Contributes to Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammation in Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes
Authors: Takahashi Yoshie , Okamura Yo , Harada Nanaki , Watanabe Mika , Miyanishi Hiroshi , Kono Tomoya , Sakai Masahiro , Hikima Jun-ichi
Published: October 2021

Mucosal tissue forms the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Cellular damage in the mucosal epithelium may induce the interleukin (IL)-22-related activation of many immune cells, which are essential for maintaining the mucosal epithelial barrier. A previous study on mucosal immunity elucidated that mammalian IL-22 contributes to mucus and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production and anti-apoptotic function. IL-22 has been identified in several teleost species and is also induced in response to bacterial infections. However, the roles of IL-22 in teleost immunity and mucus homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was used as a model fish. The medaka il22, il22 receptor A1 (il22ra1), and il22 binding protein (il22bp) were cloned and characterized. The expression of medaka il22, il22ra1, and il22bp in various tissues was measured using qPCR. These genes were expressed at high levels in the mucosal tissues of the intestines, gills, and skin. The localization of il22 and il22bp mRNA in the gills and intestines was confirmed by in situ hybridizations. Herein, we established IL-22-knockout (KO) medaka using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In the IL-22-KO medaka, a 4-bp deletion caused a frameshift in il22. To investigate the genes subject to IL-22-dependent regulation, we compared the transcripts of larval medaka between wild-type (WT) and IL-22-KO medaka using RNA-seq and qPCR analyses. The comparison was performed not only in the naïve state but also in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-exposed state. At the transcriptional level, 368 genes, including immune genes, such as those encoding AMPs and cytokines, were significantly downregulated in IL-22-KO medaka compared that in WT medaka in naïve states. Gene ontology analysis revealed that upon DSS stimulation, genes associated with cell death, acute inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and others were upregulated in WT medaka. Furthermore, in DSS-stimulated IL-22-KO medaka, wound healing was delayed, the number of apoptotic cells increased, and the number of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium decreased. These results suggested that in medaka, IL-22 is important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the disruption of the IL-22 pathway is associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory pathology, as observed for mammalian IL-22.
Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Le Yifei , Chen Hang , Zhu Ji , Lu Dezhao
Published: October 2021

The cytokine storm is a marker of severity of various diseases and increased mortality. The altered metabolic profile and energy generation of immune cells affects their activation, exacerbating the cytokine storm. Currently, the emerging field of immunometabolism has highlighted the importance of specific metabolic pathways in immune regulation. The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key regulator of immunometabolism and bridges metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction. This enzyme changes its conformation thus walks in different fields including metabolism and inflammation and associates with various transcription factors. This review summarizes the vital role of PKM2 in mediating immunometabolic reprogramming and its role in inducing cytokine storm, with a focus on providing references for further understanding of its pathological functions and for proposing new targets for the treatment of related diseases.
Inhibition of PKR by Viruses
Authors: Cesaro Teresa , Michiels Thomas
Published: October 2021

Cells respond to viral infections through sensors that detect non-self-molecules, and through effectors, which can have direct antiviral activities or adapt cell physiology to limit viral infection and propagation. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2, better known as PKR, acts as both a sensor and an effector in the response to viral infections. After sensing double-stranded RNA molecules in infected cells, PKR self-activates and majorly exerts its antiviral function by blocking the translation machinery and inducing apoptosis. The antiviral potency of PKR is emphasized by the number of strategies developed by viruses to antagonize the PKR pathway. In this review, we present an update on the diversity of such strategies, which range from preventing double-stranded RNA recognition upstream from PKR activation, to activating eIF2B downstream from PKR targets.
Multifocal and Microvascular Involvement in Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19: A Cohort Study With Comparison With Non-COVID-19 Stroke
Authors: Hautecloque Geoffroy , Kempf Christian , Stan Camélia , Arentz-Dugay Marie-Hélène , Vuillemet Francis , Ahle Guido , Sellal François , Martinot Martin
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Thromboembolic events, including ischemic stroke, are major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical characteristics of COVID-19-related stroke are not clearly defined, and few controlled studies assessed the underlying mechanisms of cerebrovascular complications of COVID-19. This single-center retrospective observational study compared stroke characteristics between patients with and without COVID-19.

Methods: This study included all patients hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020, in Colmar Hospital for ischemic stroke as confirmed by imaging. The characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or serology were compared with those without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Result: Among 772 patients, nine COVID-19 patients were compared with 50 patients without COVID-19. The following inflammatory and procoagulant marker levels were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than those in the control group: C-reactive protein, 57.3 ± 43.4 vs. 15.0 ± 30.6 mg/L, p < 0.001; fibrinogen, 5.89 ± 1.75 vs. 4.03 ± 1.26 g/L, p < 0.001; and D-dimer, 4,833.9 ± 6,549.4 vs. 1,028.6 ± 942.6 ng/ml, p < 0.001. The rates of multifocal cerebral territory involvement (4 vs. 7, p = 0.05), microvascular involvement (4 vs. 6, p = 0.04), and thrombophilia (4 vs. 4, p = 0.014) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group, whereas no significant intergroup differences were found in the stroke mechanisms, i.e., cardio-embolic, atherosclerotic, small vessel disease, and cryptogenic.

Conclusion: COVID-19-related stroke is characterized by hypercoagulability and hyperinflammation that may favor strokes via microvascular circulation abnormalities, microthrombus formation, and multifocal lesions.
Rescue Endovascular Treatment for Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion With Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Al Kasab Sami , Almallouhi Eyad , Spiotta Alejandro M.
Published: October 2021

Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with high risk of stroke recurrence. While the most common clinical presentation is acute–subacute transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, occasionally, patients with underlying ICAS present with acute occlusion of the affected vessel. Diagnosis and endovascular management of ICAS-related emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) can be challenging. Herein, we review the current evidence supporting endovascular management of ICAS-related ELVO and discuss future directions.
Effects of Escitalopram on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress Induced by Tunicamycin
Authors: Yang Lixia , Chen ZhengHong , Li Jie , Ding PengJin , Wang Yiming
Published: October 2021

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) was reported to be associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) combined with oxidative stress (OS) (ERS/OS). Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of escitalopram (ESC) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and ERS/OS-related pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) induced by tunicamycin (TM).

Methods: bEnd.3 cells were divided into four groups: control, TM, ESC, and ESC + TM groups. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect cell survival and apoptosis, respectively. The expression levels of proteins involved in cell permeability and ERS/OS-related pathways were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by commercial kits.

Results: We revealed that TM-induced bEnd.3 cells exhibited remarkably decreased viability and increased apoptosis rate, while ESC treatment reversed these changes. Additionally, TM treatment resulted in markedly increased PERK, GRP78, ATF6, XBP1, and CHOP protein expression levels. On the contrary, the expression of PERK, GRP78, XBP1, and CHOP was obviously reduced in TM-induced bEnd.3 cells after ESC treatment. Moreover, TM significantly reduced the expression of p-eNOS and P-gp and increased the expression of CaMKII and MMP9 compared with the control group. However, ESC reversed these changes in TM-induced bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, the expression of SOD was significantly decreased, while MDA was significantly increased by TM treatment. In contrast, the expression of SOD was dramatically increased, while MDA was remarkably decreased by ESC treatment.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ESC can inhibit ERS/OS and BBB permeability of TM-induced bEnd.3 cells. ESC may alleviate cognitive impairment and prevent comorbidities in MDD patients through ERS/OS.
Optimizing Whole Brain Radiotherapy Treatment and Dose for Patients With Brain Metastases From Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Hanming , Li Wang , Qi Chao , Zhou Lu , Wen Fengyun , Qu Yanli , Yu Hong
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) compared to whole brain radiotherapy plus local radiation boost (WBRT + boost), and further identify whether higher biologically effective dose (BED) of WBRT + boost translates into a survival benefit in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastasis (BM).

Methods

SCLC patients with BM from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of prognostic factors for OS were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The cutoff value of BED was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Among the 180 eligible patients, 82 received WBRT + boost and 98 received WBRT. Both OS and iPFS in the WBRT + boost group were significantly superior to those in the WBRT group (median OS: 20 vs. 14 months, p = 0.011; median iPFS: 16 vs. 10 months, p = 0.003). At a cutoff value of 58.35 Gy in the WBRT + boost group, 52 for the high-BED (>58.35 Gy) group, 30 for the low-BED (≤58.35 Gy) group. High BED was significantly associated with improved OS and iPFS compared with low BED in the WBRT + boost group (median OS: 23 vs. 17 months, p = 0.002; median iPFS: 17 vs. 10 months, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Compared with WBRT alone, WBRT + boost improved OS and iPFS in SCLC patients with BM. High BED (>58.35 Gy) for WBRT + boost may be a reasonable consideration for SCLC patients with BM.
Upregulated Expression of Cancer-Derived Immunoglobulin G Is Associated With Progression in Glioma
Authors: Wang Guohui , Li Haonan , Pan Jie , Yan Tianfang , Zhou Huandi , Han Xuetao , Su Linlin , Hou Liubing , Xue Xiaoying
Published: October 2021

Objective

Gliomas are the most aggressive intracranial tumors accounting for the vast majority of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and overall survival (OS). Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G (cancer-IgG) has been found to be widely expressed in several malignancies such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Cancer-IgG could promote tumorigenesis and progression. However, its role in glioma has not been revealed yet.

Methods

We mined open databases including the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to study the role ofIGHG1, which encodes cancer-IgG in glioma. Examination of the differential expression ofIGHG1was carried out in the GEO and TCGA databases. Furthermore, its expression in different molecular subtypes was analyzed. Stratified analysis was performed with clinical features. Subsequently, immune infiltration analysis was conducted using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). GSEA was performed to reveal the mechanisms ofIGHG1. Lastly, immunohistochemistry was processed to validate our findings.

Results

In this study, we found that the expression ofIGHG1was higher in glioma and molecular subtypes with poor prognosis. The overall survival of patients with a high expression ofIGHG1was worse in the stratified analysis. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression level ofIGHG1was positively correlated with the stromal score, ESTIMATE score, and immune score and negatively correlated with tumor purity. Results from the GSEA and DAVID demonstrated thatIGHG1may function in phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, extracellular matrix structural constituent, antigen binding, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Finally, immunohistochemistry assay validated our findings that patients with a high expression of cancer-IgG had poor OS and disease-free survival (DFS).

Conclusion

Cancer-IgG is a promising biomarker of diagnosis and treatment for patients with glioma.