bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADMINISTRATION OF ONLINE PROMOTION POLICY
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Semenova Tetіana , Babych Vitalii ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: February 2025

Management of communication policy on the Internet, study of types of Internet advertising, evaluation of the effectiveness of their use using the system of proposed indicators. The purpose of the article is to improve the advertising policy of business entities using the Internet. Methodology is based on general research methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction, which are used to systematize the achievements of the theory and practice of marketing promotion policy. Results. The main methodological approaches regarding the essence and methods of developing an advertising campaign on the Internet were considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of the communication policy of a specific enterprise was performed. Factors of the firm's external and internal environment that affect the results of its activity were investigated. The coefficient of elasticity of demand for advertising was calculated. The strengths and weaknesses of the company's advertising policy were determined. An analysis of indicators that characterize the company's product range: width, length and average depth of product groups was carried out. It was determined that the company works on the B2C market and on the B2B market. The B2C market includes the population and accounts for 95% of the company's total sales volume. The B2B market consists of retail enterprises of Ukraine: canine companies and pet shelters. The company's advertising activities include: production of color printed advertising products; production of souvenir products; advertising in specialized printed publications; site support; work with clients; product presentation for groups of invited buyers; participation in the industry exhibition. Practical implications. The largest share of advertising expenses falls on the Internet, expenses are directed to the maintenance of one's own site. Promotion of the site, its internal and external optimization is the most effective tool of the company's marketing communications. The conversion rate of the site is 6.3%, which indicates a sufficient level of effectiveness of this advertising channel. Value/originality. The system of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the Internet promotion policy was improved. Recommendations for improving the company's advertising policy through the use of targeted advertising in social networks Facebook and Instagram are proposed and substantiated.
BREEDING AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF FORMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRAIN IN WINTER WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.
Authors:   Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute – National Center for Seed and Cultivar Investigation, Fanin1 Yaroslav , Molodchenkova Olga ,   Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute – National Center for Seed and Cultivar Investigation
Published: February 2025

The subject of research. The research is aimed at increasing the protein content and overall grain quality of winter wheat. The research is aimed at integrating specific genetic traits, such as the GPC-B1 gene and Aegilops tauschii, into the genetic pool of local wheat varieties to improve the biochemical properties. Given the growing global demand for high quality wheat, especially for the baking industry, the research aims to address the urgent need for innovative breeding methods that contribute to food security and agricultural sustainability. Methodology. The study used a combination of field experiments and laboratory analyses to evaluate the impact of genetic recombination on various characteristics of winter wheat. These characteristics included protein content, sedimentation level and trace element composition. The comparative analysis was conducted on modern wheat varieties and experimental genetic lines, with a special focus on genotypes carrying the GPC-B1 gene and the contribution of Aegilops tauschii. The study used advanced breeding methods to evaluate the stability and performance of these genetic lines under different agricultural conditions. Objective. The main goal of the study was to develop effective methods for breeding winter wheat using genetic sources to significantly improve grain quality and protein levels. This involved identifying promising genotypes that demonstrate improved biochemical properties and adaptability to different environmental conditions. Another key goal was to demonstrate the practical application of these genotypes in developing wheat varieties that meet the needs of the baking industry while providing nutritional value. Conclusion. The results of researches included, including the identification of promising introgression lines that demonstrated increased protein content, improved nitrogen accumulation and increased sedimentation. These traits were stable under different agricultural conditions, proving the effectiveness of incorporating of GPC-B1 and Aegilops tauschii into local wheat varieties. In addition, the study highlighted the potential of these genetic modifications to address global challenges in wheat production by improving grain quality and nutritional value.The scientific novelty of the study is that it demonstrated the successful integration of specific genetic traits into the local wheat gene pool, which significantly improves the biochemical properties of the grain. This innovative approach creates the basis for the development of new high-quality wheat varieties. The practical significance of the results is that they can contribute to the development of the baking industry and strengthen food security.
Abducens nerve schwannoma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Israe Almaghribi  , Meriem Kajeou  , Nizare Elfatemi  , Adyl Melhaoui  , Yassir Arkha  , Abdesslam Elkhamlichi
Published: February 2025

Background: Abducens nerve schwannomas are rare skull base tumors, frequently affect the cavernous sinus and develop near the brainstem. There is limited literature on their optimal management. Surgery and/or stereotactic radiosurgery are available as therapeutic options. Significant morbidity, including nerve function loss, can result from resection. Stereotactic radiosurgery is an option for treating other schwannomas.

Case Description: We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with no known medical history presented with a 4-year history of recurrent double vision with limited abduction on lateral gaze secondary to paresis of the right abducens nerve. A heterogeneous mass at the right cavernous sinus was found from neuro-imaging (MRI).

Considering the clinical status of patient and imaging findings, we decided to proceed with stereotactic radiosurgery. After She presented an improvement with absence of the diplopia and complete neurological recovery. The control MRI was carried out after 6 months, showing a clear reduction in tumor volume of at least 50%.

Conclusion: Gamma Knife Radio Surgery (GKRS) looks to be a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment option for such lesions, with excellent rates of tumor control and symptomatic improvement possible. Consequently, it is reasonable to consider GKRS as a first-line treatment option for oculomotor nerve schwannomas.
PEMODELAN ARUS LALU LINTAS DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TOTAL OPTIMAL DI PERSIMPANGAN JL. JEMUR ANDAYANI AHMAD YANI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURAI KEMACETAN
Authors: Farida Yuniar , Fanani Aris , Purwanti Ida , Wulandari Luluk , Zaen Nanida Jenahara
Published: February 2025

One crossroad of â€‹â€‹Surabaya whose high level of congestion is the crossing of Jemur Andayani â€“ Ahmad Yani Street. It needs to Improve traffic management, geometric, and signal time to obtain optimal traffic performance. The purpose of this study is to make a model of traffic flow and determine the optimal total waiting time at the crossing of Jemur Andayani â€“ Ahmad Yani using Compatible Graph. Compatible graphs are two sets where vertices indicate objects to be arranged and edges indicate compatible pairs of objects. Compatible traffic flow is two traffic flows which if both of them run simultaneously can run safely and not collide. The results of the optimal waiting time calculation using a compatible graph assuming the left turn following the lamp is 75 seconds. While the optimal total waiting time by assuming the left turn not following the lights is 60 seconds. The optimal total waiting time is smaller than the actual total waiting time currently applied at Frontage Ahmad Yani street, which is 170 seconds by assuming turn left following the lights.
PREDIKSI PENCURIAN SEPEDA MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TIME SERIES (STUDI KASUS: POLRES KOTABUMI LAMPUNG UTARA)
Authors: Pranata Meli , Anggraini Dian , Makbuloh Deden , Rinaldi Achi
Published: February 2025

Crime is a crime that violates the laws of a country or violates the norms in force in society. Theft is a form of crime. The impact of theft is a feeling of insecurity, fear and insecurity. One model used to predict the number of theft cases is the time series model. A time series model is a set of values â€‹â€‹observed in an activity, event, or event where data is then arranged in chronological order. Generally, in intervals of the same length. This study aims to model the data of criminal acts of motorcycle theft in North Lampung Police with Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Furthermore, the best models will be used for forecasting for the next 6 months. The results of the AR model (1), AR (3) model, MA model (1), ARIMA (1,1,1), and ARIMA model (3,1,1). The MA model (1) has a significant parameter coefficient, fulfills diagnostic tests and has the smallest RMSE and AIC values â€‹â€‹with an RMSE value of 6.5612926 and an AIC value of 394.82. The predicted results of the MA model (1) for the next 6 months tend to be horizontally different from the original data which tends to decrease.
Pentingnya Pendaftaran Tanah untuk Memastikan Kepemilikan yang Sah
Authors: Bahmid Bahmid  , Pratiwi Irda , Rahmadi Yudha , Putri Putri  , Hadi Neil Falah , Suherman Luthfi Fahreza
Published: February 2025

Land is a valuable asset with high economic, social, and legal significance. Legal certainty over land ownership is crucial to preventing disputes, facilitating transactions, and supporting economic development. However, many people in Indonesia have yet to officially register their land, including those in Sei Kamah Baru Village, Asahan Regency. The main factors contributing to this issue are the lack of public understanding of land registration procedures, the perception of high costs, and the minimal outreach from relevant authorities. This community service activity aims to raise awareness and understanding among the public about the importance of land registration to ensure legal ownership. The methods used in this program include preparation, legal counseling sessions, discussions, and administrative assistance for residents who wish to process their land certificates. The counseling session was held on January 30, 2025, at the Sei Kamah Baru Village Hall, attended by local residents, village officials, and representatives from the National Land Agency. The results of this activity indicate an increase in public awareness regarding the importance of land certification and its registration procedures. Additionally, some residents have taken the initiative to process their land certificates after receiving assistance from the community service team. This counseling session had a positive impact on enhancing legal awareness and encouraging land ownership legalization to prevent future disputes. For the program's sustainability, more intensive counseling sessions and collaboration with the government and the National Land Agency are needed to simplify the land registration process for the community.
Zwischen profan und rituell. Die menschlichen Skelettreste in Siedlungen mit Aschehügeln des spätbronzezeitlichen Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni-Kulturkomplexes
Authors: Kaiser Elke , Sava Eugen
Published: February 2025

In the Eastern European steppe and forest-steppe,
the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni cultural complex is
widespread during the Late Bronze Age (1500–1100
BC), for which flat and barrow graves, settlements
and hoards are documented. The settlements are
often characterised by so-called ash heaps. In addition
to remains that can be explained with profane
activities in settlements, various features and finds
provide a rather ritual character. These include the
finds of human bones in the light sediment layers of
the ‘ash heaps’, which have been as controversiallydiscussed as the formation and function of the socalled
ash-heaps.
It is time to compile the human skeletal remains
in the settlements of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni
cultural complex and to evaluate them structurally as
well as contextually. In doing so, we will also look at the
corresponding finds excavated in a Moldavian-German
cooperation project, the settlement Taraclia-Gaidabul
in the south of the Republic of Moldova, which reveals
‘ash-heaps’. Human bones recovered in the cultural
layer have been absolutely dated and revealed to be
contemporary with the Late Bronze Age settlement.
Trzciniec Circle Human Remains in Settlement Contexts. Extraordinary Burials or Offerings?
Authors: Górski Jacek , Makarowicz Przemysław
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of studies of Trzciniec
Cultural Circle (TCC) societies ‘settlement burials’
from the 2nd millennium BC in East-Central Europe.
The custom of burying the deceased inside settlements,
mainly in pits, was particularly prevalent in the
south-western part of the TCC range. In settlements,
the deceased included men, women and children, who
were buried in single and collective graves. Both cremations
and inhumations were used, skeletons were
both articulated and disarticulated, and partial burials
were also recorded. The deceased in only some of the
graves recovered in settlements were furnished with
grave goods. Bayesian modelling of AMS radiocarbon
dates for individuals in collective burials suggest that
some were used for extended periods of time, as were
mass graves contemporaneous cemeteries. It appears as
though both forms of mortuary practice – burying the
deceased in conventional cemeteries and in settlement
pits – reflect the cultural code of TCC communities.
Bestattungen und Funde menschlicher Knochen in der früh- bis mittelbronzezeitlichen befestigten Siedlung von Monkodonja, Istrien (Kroatien)
Authors: Teẞmann Barbara , Mihovilić Kristina , Teržan Biba
Published: February 2025

iThe fortified hilltop settlement of Monkodonja near
the town of Rovinj is located on the western coast of
Istria in a prominent position with a direct view of the
sea. From 1997 to 2008, large-scale excavations and
interdisciplinary investigations within the settlement
took place there as part of a joint German-Croatian-
Slovenian research project. In Istria, more than 300
such sites are known until now, all of which belong
to the type of hillfort, the so-called castellierri. Of all
these, Monkodonja has been the best investigated so
far. Several articles and four monographs have so far
already been published on the results of this project.
The settlement, about 250 m long and 160 m wide,
is one of the largest and best-preserved fortifications
of the Bronze Age in this area. It is divided into three
separate and firmly walled sub-areas: the acropolis,
the upper city, and the lower city with terraces and
enclosed by a mighty fortification wall. This strategically
well-positioned division might also reflect the
social conditions.
In the monumental gate architecture of the settlement’s
main entrance, two remarkable stone cist tombs
were included in a prominent position, containing the
skeletal remains of several people. Detailed anthropological
analyses showed that they had been subjected
to a special burial ritual. In addition to the stone cist
graves, Monkodonja also stands out for the unusually
high number of human bones in all the areas of
the settlement that were investigated. Some of these
were found together with animal bones. They might
represent partly garbage, partly destroyed graves, and
even human remains which can be associated with the
decline of the settlement.
Metallurgical terminology in M. V. Lomonosov's treatise "First Foundations of Metallurgy or Mining Affairs" and its modern lexicographical representation: a lexico-semantic aspect
Authors: Sinilnikova Elena Sergeevna , Shchukina Daria Alekseevna
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study is to determine the principles of terminological description of metals in the 18th-century treatise and their classification in diachrony. The scientific novelty of the study consists in studying the structure of the term as a lexical unit presented in the treatise by M. V. Lomonosov "The First Foundations of Metallurgy or Ore Mining" and in the modern geological dictionary edited by K. N. Paffenholz, as well as in the comparative-contrastive analysis of the main characteristics of the terms naming metals. The obtained results showed that the description and classification of lexical units naming metals in the considered treatise by M. V. Lomonosov and in the modern geological dictionary differ. "The First Foundations of Metallurgy or Ore Mining" is based on the principles of observation of a natural object, study of its characteristics (physical and chemical properties), collection of extensive factual material and application of experimental research data, characteristic of the 18th-century science. Treatise by M. V. Lomonosov is addressed to a wide range of readers and is designed as a teaching aid. The modern geological dictionary, which is intended for specialists in the field of mining, provides clear and precise criteria for classifying metals from the point of view of geological science, describes in more detail the types of metals, the shape of crystals, their location in rocks.
Structural and semantic characteristics of compound words in English financial discourse
Authors: Belyakova Ol’ga Vladimirovna
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of compound words in English financial discourse. The article reveals the concept of "compound word", classifies compound words according to their part of speech, and identifies the most common types of compound words in the field of finance. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the study is the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of compound words belonging to different parts of speech in English financial discourse, which allowed us to identify and describe productive word-formation models of compound words based on extensive linguistic material, as well as to determine their structural and semantic originality. As a result of the study, it was found that compound nouns, characterized by brevity and semantic capacity and formed according to a nonpreposition model, prevail in English financial discourse; nouns formed from verbs with postpositions using conversion; phrasal compound words; and complex-derivative nouns denoting basic concepts in the field of finance. Compound adjectives, which are less common in the analyzed area, are mainly represented by syntactic models with a subordinate connection, and compound verbs are not diverse and are rarely used due to their cumbersome structure.
Anthroponymicon of advertising texts of regional tourist discourse (using the example of advertising tourist routes in the Lipetsk region)
Authors: Popova Olga Petrovna
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the question of the uniqueness of the lexical level of regional advertising tourist discourse. The aim of the study is to describe the anthroponymicon of advertising texts promoting tourist routes in the Lipetsk region. In accordance with the subject-nominative classification, the work performs a taxonomy of the collected corpus of anthroponyms and studies their interaction with other proper names in advertising messages. The author differentiates single anthroponyms into 5 semantic groups of different frequencies: names of Russian literary figures, names of artists and architects, names of historical figures, names of residents of the Lipetsk region, and names of saints of the Orthodox Russian Church. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, anthroponyms in advertising texts promoting tourism in the Lipetsk region are systematized and considered as lexical means of forming a media image of the territory. As a result of the study, it was found that, regardless of the level of anthroponymic density of the advertising text, anthroponyms of different semantic groups exhibit selectivity in terms of interaction with other units of the regional advertising onomasticon.
HISTORICAL DIRECTION IN FEDIR STRYGUN THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES
Authors:   National Museum of the History of Ukraine, SRIBNA Mariya
Published: February 2025

The article, based on the stock collection of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine and periodicals of Ukraine, analyzes the activities of the actor and director Fedir Strygun. The main focus of the research is on the issues of national and historical memory in theatrical performances directed by Fedir Strygun. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematization, scientificity. General scientific, special and interdisciplinary methods of scientific knowledge are applied, as well as theoretical developments of leading Ukrainian history scientists and theater arts. It is proved that Fedir Strygun is a talented director and a versatile actor who perfectly embodies the images of Ukrainian historical heroes in theatrical performances and films. One of the main features of his work is the historical direction of his theatre performances. The director resorts to historical reconstructions of important events in the history of Ukraine, introducing the viewer to cultural phenomena and names. It is shown that the theatre under the leadership of Fedir Strygun performed an educational mission. The theater has become not only a cultural platform for the popularization of theatrical art, but also a place for discussing important and topical issues of state formation in the country.
CHORAL FUGUE FROM THE CONCERT “NE OTVERZHY” BY MAKSYM BEREZOVSKY: THE QUESTION OF TEMPO
Authors:   Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Music Academy, Department of Music Theory, SHUMILINA Olha
Published: February 2025

Attention is focused on the work of Maksym Berezovsky, namely on his well-known spiritual concert “Do not leave me in the age of old age”, written to the text of selected lines of the 70th Psalm. Despite the awareness, it revealed aspects that require additional study and may be of interest to both scientists and practitioners. These aspects are related to the interpretation of the tempo in the final fuze “Da postidyatsya i ischeznut”. The purpose of the article is to determine the performance tempo of the final fugue of the concert “Ne otverzhy mene vo vremya starosty” by Maksym Berezovsky based on manuscript and printed sources. The issue of the tempo of the final fugue from M. Berezovsky's “Ne otverzhy” concert was investigated using handwritten and printed sheet music sources, which were analyzed. It has been established that the original author's Allegro tempo, available in one of the manuscript sources of the last third of the 18th century, was changed to Moderato for the first edition of 1817–1818. The indication of the moderate tempo of the final fugue continued in subsequent editions, until the publication of the collection of choral works by M. Berezovsky in 1989. Until the end of the 1980s, the fugue was performed at a moderate pace, which fundamentally changed the image-emotional concept of the entire cycle, smoothed out the protest mood of the final part. The expediency of the Allegro tempo in the final fugue of M. Berezovsky’s concert “Ne otverzhy” is proven by comparing this fugue with other dramatic fugues of the classicism era, present in the vocal and choral works of our outstanding composer’s contemporaries – V. A. Mozart, B. Galuppi, D. Bortnyansky. Cases of editing a fast tempo to a more moderate tempo in the concerts of B. Galuppi and D. Bortnyanskyi were found. In all the corrections made for the first edition of 1817–1818, one can see the hand of one editor – the then director of the Court Singing Chapel, a former student of B. Galuppi, D. Bortnyanskyi, who was involved in the preparation of this edition.
Alternativas de cerramientos verticales en madera para Corrientes desde la perspectiva de la economía circular
Authors: Mansilla Rosario , Pilar Claudia A. , Vargas Marcelo
Published: February 2025

El artículo aborda alternativas de cerramiento vertical en madera para la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, que posee lamayor superficie forestada del país. Seanalizan diversos materiales utilizadoso que resultan factibles de implementar, así como presentaciones, costos,aspectos constructivos y ambientales.Se disponen alternativas de cerramiento vertical, verificando su transmitanciatérmica. Se concluye que es factible proponer cerramientos verticales que incorporen el criterio de la economía circularen su diseño.
Estudio de la sensibilidad de Capsicum annuum al aumento de la salinidad debido al cambio climático
Authors: Castillo Zavala José L. , Martínez José L. , Mostacero León José , De La Cruz Castillo Anthony J. , Vásquez Boyer Carlos A. , Palacios Díaz Mónica , Escobar Jorge , Villacorta Vásquez Juan A. , López-Medina Segundo E. , Armando E. Gil Rivero Armando E. , León Torres Carlos A. , Charcape Ravelo Jesús M.
Published: February 2025

Capsicum anuum “pimiento”, es una hortaliza de importancia nutricional, debido a la presencia de vitaminas, minerales y sus propiedades organolépticas. Las principales zonas productoras de Perú son La Libertad, Lambayeque y Piura; donde se concentra más del 50% de la producción nacional. Sin embargo, uno de los principales problemas para su cultivo es la salinidad, por tanto, se propuso como objetivo determinar la sensibilidad del pimiento ante el incremento en la salinidad. La fase experimental se realizó en el Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, donde se cultivaron suspensiones celulares a partir de callos, empleando concentraciones crecientes de NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 y 400 mM, respectivamente), empleando agitador orbital a 130 rpm, considerando las condiciones de 25 ºC de temperatura y oscuridad. Se empleó el software estadístico SPSS v.15.0. para el análisis de varianza y comparación de medias. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Por tanto, se concluye que concentraciones superiores de 25 mM NaCl son perjudiciales para el cultivo del pimiento, recomendándose desarrollar nuevas variedades resistentes a la salinidad ante la inclemencia del cambio climático.
Unified Framework of the Arrow of Time and Entropy Flow in Rigid Fractal Structures
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel model of the nature of time, positing that time is a dynamic manifestation embedded within rigid fractal geometry. Based on this model, the directionality of time (the arrow of time) and the flow of entropy (the second law of thermodynamics) are unified as natural outcomes of recursive dynamics in fractal geometry. By re-examining the relationship between time and entropy from geometric and dynamical perspectives, we show that entropy increase is essentially the process of the rigid fractal structure becoming more complex along the time dimension, while the directionality of time is driven by the irreversibility of fractal recursion depth. Through mathematical formulations, we establish unified equations linking time, entropy, and fractal geometry, predicting that the irreversibility of the arrow of time and entropy flow originates from the intrinsic properties of fractal geometry. Finally, we discuss experimental validation and the potential physical implications of this theory.
Fractal Holographic Emergent String Theory (FHEST) Part D: A Unified Framework for Energy-Mass Relations and Field Equations in Fractal Theory
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a unified framework for energy-mass relations and field equations based on fractal theory. In the context of fractal spacetime, the classical Einstein energy-mass equation and Einstein field equations require modifications to incorporate the effects of fractal dimensions and multi-scale geometry. By introducing fractal dimension correction terms and fractal curvature integral terms, we derive the fractal energy-mass formula and the fractal-modified Einstein field equations. These two formulas not only align formally with classical theories but also introduce critical corrections, providing a quantitative foundation for the experimental validation of fractal spacetime theories. This paper discusses the physical implications of these corrections and potential observable signals in detail, offering new theoretical tools for advancing research in quantum gravity, dark energy, and fractal superconductivity.
Solution-System Fit: The missing ingredient for lean innovation within complex systems
Authors: Dabash Omar , Huckvale Kit
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel, practical, and actionable framework to address the persistent challenges faced by startups operating in complex industries such as healthcare, energy, and security. These settings are characterised by intricate stakeholder dynamics, regulatory hurdles, and systemic constraints that traditional entrepreneurial frameworks often fail to address. We argue that, while Lean Startup Approaches (LSAs) emphasise Problem-Solution Fit (PSF) and Product-Market Fit (PMF), a missing complementary, yet critical, dimension is aligning innovations with the broader systems in which they operate. To bridge this gap, we introduce the concept of Solution-System Fit (SSF), which we define as the active identification and optimisation of alignments between an innovation and its complex system context. SSF emphasises early understanding of system behaviours, structures, actors, and constraints to mitigate risks of misalignment that limit solution adoption. SSF is operationalised through two phases: Systems-Flavoured Customer Discovery, and Systems-Flavoured Agile Development. The latter focuses on developing a System Viable Product (SVP) that accounts for technical, workflow, and systemic adoption requirements. By integrating systems thinking into LSAs, SSF seeks to increase the likelihood of sustainable innovation in complex environments. We propose that this approach offers both a practical framework for entrepreneurs and a lens for educators and investors to evaluate startup viability within complex systems contexts.
Why Non-Scientists Are Needed to Advance Science
Authors: Morales Manuel
Published: February 2025

A new empirical method has been developed to test superdeterminism, i.e., predetermined events. The successful results reveal that current scientific methods fail to account for the predetermined condition of two mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive nonlocal variables that can only come-to-exist yet are necessary to conduct all local experiments. The discovery of nonlocal missing variables in scientific investigations explains why local methods yield false-positive and false-negative results. The unambiguous empirical evidence obtained has undergone peer review, has been published, and can be tested by the entire human race via the Final Selection Experiment. Because the evidence is universal and absolute, it paves the way for scientific research around the globe to adopt this new method for the advancement of science. However, scientists still require funding and peer acceptance. Thus, nonscientists who are free from peer pressure and scientific accolades and who have the authority to grant such funding will inadvertently be needed to advance science beyond peer bias.
Crowdsourced and AI-generated Age of Acquisition (AoA) Norms for Vocabulary in Print: Extending the Kuperman et al. (2012) norms
Authors: Green Clarence , KONG Anthony Pak Hin , Brysbaert Marc , Keogh Kathleen
Published: February 2025

This paper revisits the Age of Acquisition (AoA) norms of Kuperman et al. (2012). Three studies were conducted. Study 1 reports a crowdsourcing 'megastudy' obtaining 790,024 estimates from participants providing the age they could first read and write 11,074 early acquired words from Kuperman et al. (2012). The study aimed to differentiate between oral language receptive AoA and print AoA. The results correlate well with the original estimates and offer slightly higher AoA values for print knowledge. They are released as useful supplements to the original norms. Study 2 explored the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4o, to replicate these new crowdsourced AoA norms. The findings indicated a strong correlation between AI-generated estimates and human judgments, showing the utility of AI in generating AoA estimates. The results confirm that AI is a valuable resource of norms for psycholinguistic and educational research, of particular value for under-resourced languages and researchers with limited resources. Based on the successful application of AI in Study 2, Study 3 extended the method to the entire set of words in the English Crowdsourcing Project (ECP), producing AI-generated AoA estimates for approximately 62,000 English words. This provides a substantial database of AoA norms that are found to correlate very highly with human-generated estimates (r =.86) and perform well in accounting for word processing times in regression analyses. The AI generated results have some important limitations, including overestimating the vocabulary acquired at some ages. All resources are available in the Open Science Framework for further exploration.
Verbal short-term memory in developmental dyslexia: the role of the temporoparietal area
Authors: Lukic Sladjana , Qi Ting , Watson Christa , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Bogley Rian , Shabash Marni , Caverzasi Eduardo , Borghesani Valentina , Dronkers Nina , Luisa Gorno Tempini Maria
Published: February 2025

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is characterized by difficulties in reading due to a core impairment in phonological awareness. The clinical manifestation also includes a more general auditory verbal short-term memory (vSTM) dysfunction. However, little is known about the behavioral and brain basis of vSTM deficits in children with dyslexia, failing to understand factors that may account for co-occurrence of deficits or substantial heterogeneity within DD. The study identified deficiencies in vSTM within a large cohort of children with DD and examined their neuroanatomical alterations. 81 children with DD and 17 typically developing (TD) children completed an experimental repetition task, which evaluated two components of phrases, namely length (6 and 9 syllable phrases) and meaning (more or less meaningful phrases). In addition, a battery of reading, phonological, and verbal memory tasks was administered to DD children, which were used for preliminary examination of different subtypes of dyslexia. Structural brain T1-weighted MR images were analyzed to investigate the neural correlates of vSTM deficit in children with DD. Behavioral results showed that children with DD had impaired phrase repetition compared to TD, especially when repeating long and non-meaningful phrases. Crucially, lower repetition performance on long or non-meaningful phrases was associated with greater cortical thickness in the left temporoparietal area in children with DD. Finally, two distinct DD subtypes with disproportional deficits in phonology and vSTM were identified, demonstrating different repetition patterns. Those with primary vSTM deficits showed lower repetition performance and decreased cortical thickness in the left precentral gyrus compared to those with primary phonological processing deficits. This study covers topics central to understanding neurocognitive diversity in dyslexia and may suggest that verbal memory ability may be an important area for future intervention.
“It’ll cheer you on!” Children with and without reading difficulty value robot reading companions that are smart, supportive, and personal
Authors: Moffat Ryssa , Cahill Hannah , Cross Emily S. , Caruana Nathan
Published: February 2025

As social robots are being increasingly deployed in educational settings, it is critically important to understand which design features make robots most likely to be accepted by children and to deliver benefits in education contexts. To deepen our understanding of young readers’ expectations, needs, and desires for a robot that supports reading, we conducted co-design sessions followed by a semi-structured interview with children aged 5-9 years (30 typical readers and a case series of 5 children with poor reading, with 4 engaged in targeted reading intervention at the time the study was conducted). We conducted a thematic analysis of interview data using a reflexive and inductive approach. We found that children designed robots that could deliver reading-specific support alongside more general emotional support. Key functional features and capabilities included prosocial behaviours (smiling, play, conversation), breadth of knowledge that assumed access to information about many topics, including core academic skills (reading, mathematics). Key aesthetic features included colourful, compact, and customisable designs. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of social robots to support reading and suggest that children are very much open to interacting with reading robot companions.
Mapping the exposome of mental health: exposome-wide association study of mental health outcomes among UK Biobank participants
Authors: Arias-Magnasco Angelo , Lin Bochao Danae , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Guloksuz Sinan
Published: February 2025

Dissecting exposome linked to mental health outcomes can help identify potentially modifiabletargets to improve mental well-being. However, the multiplicity of exposures and the complexityof mental health phenotypes pose a major challenge. Here we conducted hypothesis-freeexposome-wide analyses to identify factors associated with 7 psychiatric diagnostic domains and19 symptom dimensions in 157,298 participants from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey. Thecomprehensive mapping of 294 exposures revealed that several environmental factors,particularly in the domains of those previously well-studied—such as exposure to traumaticevents, childhood adversities, and cannabis use—were shared across mental health phenotypes,providing further support for transdiagnostic pathoetiology. Our findings also showed that distinctrelations might exist between particular exposures and specific mental health outcomes.Continued research into exposome through multimodal mechanistic studies guided by thetransdiagnostic mental health framework is required to better inform public health policies.
An evolutionary perspective on altercentrism
Authors: Burkart Judith M. , Southgate Victoria
Published: February 2025

Putting oneself, mentally, in someone else’s shoes is traditionally considered a late-developing, cognitively demanding skill thought to critically underlie our uniquely human cognition. Recent advances in developmental psychology question this view and instead suggest that from an early age, others’ perspectives profoundly permeate how human children attend to, evaluate, and process inputs: their cognition is altercentric. We investigate whether this mode of cognition may be fundamental not only during ontogeny but also phylogeny, by reviewing evidence for altercentric cognition in human children and using these findings to develop different evolutionary scenarios for the phylogenetic emergence of altercentrism. We test these scenarios with data from nonhuman primates and find that altercentric cognition is widespread. Species differences may exist not so much in the prevalence of altercentrism per se, but rather in its strength and the flexibility to switch between alter- and egocentric perspectives. We conclude by highlighting future directions to corroborate that such a shift in perspective towards altercentrism not only in cognitive development, but also evolution, may be warranted.
Automatic Measurement of Social Gaze During Naturalistic Conversations in Autism
Authors: Yankowitz Lisa , Pargi Mohan Kashyap , Dejardin Ellis , Zampella Casey J. , Guthrie Whitney , Pandey Juhi , Bartley G. Keith , Chen Darren , McDonald Denisa Q. , Manakiwala Aashvi , Khanna Maya , Keen Kelsey , Buboltz Gabriella , Yang Annie , Herrington John , Sariyanidi Evangelos , Schultz Robert T. , Tunc Birkan
Published: February 2025

Standardized, granular measurement of social communication behaviors, such as social gaze during natural interactions, is needed for a range of psychiatric applications including diagnosis and detecting clinical change in conditions such as autism. Computational approaches show promise in automatically measuring social behaviors within natural settings. This study aims to automatically measure social gaze features from videos of dyadic conversations, characterize autism-related differences, and capture individual-level differences. 46 autistic Participants and 36 neurotypical Participants, aged 8-29 years, engaged in a brief video-recorded conversation with a research staff member (Partner). An automated social gaze detector was trained to detect whether each partner was looking at the other and achieved 89% cross-validated accuracy with human annotations. Comparing detailed automatic gaze measurements, autistic Participants spent less time looking at Partners and engaging in mutual gaze than neurotypical Participants did. They also initiated mutual gaze less frequently and had shorter mutual gaze episodes, but did not differ in mutual gaze counts. A social gaze summary score fusing individual variables correlated specifically with ADOS-2 Social Affect scores and not Restricted and Repetitive Behavior scores. A cross-validated multivariate classification model using gaze features was able to make individual-level diagnostic prediction (autism versus neurotypical) with 73% accuracy. This study provides a framework for automatically quantifying social gaze behaviors with high granularity and demonstrates its use in psychiatric research. This framework has a potential for enhancing measurement of social skills and tracking therapeutic progress in autism and other psychiatric conditions.
The potential of single session intervention approaches to enhance the mental health and resilience of older adults, care partners, and healthcare systems
Authors: Bannon Sarah , Rapoport Andy , Applebaum Allison , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: February 2025

Single-session interventions (SSIs) are brief interventions involving single encounters. In this commentary, we outline issues with existing models, how SSIs can address barriers, and research considerations. We encourage the development of SSIs to increase accessibility, scalability, participation, and cost-effectiveness of mental health interventions for older adults and care partners.
"My Family Won't Let Me." Adolescent-Reported Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care
Authors: Roulston Chantelle A , Ahuvia Isaac , Chen Sharon , Fassler Julia , Fox Kathryn , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: February 2025

Depression is the leading cause of disability among adolescents. Fewer than 50% of youth with depression access mental healthcare services. Leveraging a mixed-methods approach, this pre-registered study characterized youths’ self-reported barriers to accessing mental healthcare in a socio-demographically diverse sample of 123 United States adolescents (ages 13-16, identifying as Asian (n=19), Hispanic (n=23), Black (n=7), White (n=65), or other race (n=9); man (n=9), woman (n=58), or gender minority (n=56); heterosexual (n=19) or sexual orientation minority (n=104)). All participants were experiencing elevated depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score of ≥2) and endorsed wanting mental health support but being unable to access it. We asked participants an open-ended question gauging perceived barriers to accessing care (“what has kept you from getting support when you wanted it?”), and a binary item gauging perceived current need for mental health support (“right now, do you feel that you need support for emotional or mental health problems?”). Via thematic analysis of responses to the perceived barriers question, we identified a total of 13 categories of barriers. Across all participants, 42.48% (n=52) endorsed family-related barriers and 31.71% (n=39) endorsed finance-related concerns. We conducted Chi-square analyses, examining rates of endorsing specific barriers as a function of (a) perceived current support need and (b) demographic variables (e.g. race/ethnicity, gender). In the current study, all adolescents endorsed similar categories of treatment access barriers, regardless of race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and level of depression. Implications for increasing mental healthcare access for adolescents with elevated depression symptoms are discussed.
Relationship Between Transport Expenditure in Public Investment and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Nurjang
Published: February 2025

Nepal, focusing on the impact of capital and recurrent expenditures on GDP from 1980 to 2023. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach, the analysis confirms a long-run cointegration relationship between GDP and selected variables, such as expenditures on transportation and social sectors. The results indicate that recurrent and capital expenditures have a positive and significant effect on GDP in both the short and long run. The error correction term reveals a rapid adjustment toward equilibrium. Statistical tests confirm the absence of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity, while stability tests validate the robustness of the model. The findings highlight a shift toward a private-sector-led economy post-liberalization and underscore the importance of efficient expenditure management to foster sustainable economic growth. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to design strategies that optimize public expenditure for long-term development.
Statistical Approach: Science and Application for Determining Optimal Sample Size in empirical study
Authors: Poudel Nabaraj , Karki Murari , Shah Kapil
Published: February 2025

To ensure optimal sample size selection, researchers can use a variety of formulae and procedures created by statisticians to find a suitable sample size. The objects selected have, on average, the same characteristics as the population units if a sufficiently large sample of the population is chosen at random. This is referred to as the statistical regularity principle. According to the statistical regularity principle, larger sample sizes generally produce more accurate and dependable results, assuming that all other variables remain constant.
An ideal sample minimizes the cost for a predefined mean squared error value or lowers the cost for a constant mean squared error. Descriptive cross-sectional secondary sources using readily available statistical tools such as Stata, Survey Monkey, Rao Soft, and G Power provided estimates of the sample size.