bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Different Food Image Recognition Platforms in Dietary Assessment: Comparison Study
Authors: Van Asbroeck Stephanie , Matthys Christophe
Published: October 2020

Background

In the domain of dietary assessment, there has been an increasing amount of criticism of memory-based techniques such as food frequency questionnaires or 24 hour recalls. One alternative is logging pictures of consumed food followed by an automatic image recognition analysis that provides information on type and amount of food in the picture. However, it is currently unknown how well commercial image recognition platforms perform and whether they could indeed be used for dietary assessment.

Objective

This is a comparative performance study of commercial image recognition platforms.

Methods

A variety of foods and beverages were photographed in a range of standardized settings. All pictures (n=185) were uploaded to selected recognition platforms (n=7), and estimates were saved. Accuracy was determined along with totality of the estimate in the case of multiple component dishes.

Results

Top 1 accuracies ranged from 63% for the application programming interface (API) of the Calorie Mama app to 9% for the Google Vision API. None of the platforms were capable of estimating the amount of food. These results demonstrate that certain platforms perform poorly while others perform decently.

Conclusions

Important obstacles to the accurate estimation of food quantity need to be overcome before these commercial platforms can be used as a real alternative for traditional dietary assessment methods.
Determining the Actual Zinc and Iron Intakes in Breastfed Infants: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn , Winichagoon Pattanee , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Grote Veit , Koletzko Berthold
Published: October 2020

Background

Zinc and iron deficiencies among breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life have been reported in previous studies. The amounts of zinc and iron intakes from breast milk are factors that contribute to the zinc and iron status of breastfed infants.

Objective

This study aims to quantitatively determine zinc and iron intakes by breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and to investigate the factors that predict zinc and iron status in breastfed infants.

Methods

Pregnant women at 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Zinc and iron status during pregnancy was assessed. At delivery, cord blood was analyzed for zinc and iron levels. Participants and their babies were followed at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Maternal dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements were performed. The amount of breast milk intake was assessed using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Breast milk samples were collected for determination of zinc and iron levels. The amount of zinc and iron consumed by infants was calculated. Zinc and iron status was determined in mothers and infants at 4 months postpartum.

Results

A total of 120 pregnant women were enrolled, and 80 mother-infant pairs completed the study (56 provided full breastfeeding, and 24 provided breast milk with infant formula). All data are being managed and cleaned. Statistical analysis will be done.

Conclusions

This study will provide information on zinc and iron intakes in exclusively breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and explore predictive factors and the possible association of zinc and iron intakes with infant growth and nutrient status.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/19119
Utilization of Self-Diagnosis Health Chatbots in Real-World Settings: Case Study
Authors: Fan Xiangmin , Chao Daren , Zhang Zhan , Wang Dakuo , Li Xiaohua , Tian Feng
Published: October 2020

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots are increasingly being used in health care, but most chatbots are designed for a specific population and evaluated in controlled settings. There is little research documenting how health consumers (eg, patients and caregivers) use chatbots for self-diagnosis purposes in real-world scenarios.

Objective

The aim of this research was to understand how health chatbots are used in a real-world context, what issues and barriers exist in their usage, and how the user experience of this novel technology can be improved.

Methods

We employed a data-driven approach to analyze the system log of a widely deployed self-diagnosis chatbot in China. Our data set consisted of 47,684 consultation sessions initiated by 16,519 users over 6 months. The log data included a variety of information, including users’ nonidentifiable demographic information, consultation details, diagnostic reports, and user feedback. We conducted both statistical analysis and content analysis on this heterogeneous data set.

Results

The chatbot users spanned all age groups, including middle-aged and older adults. Users consulted the chatbot on a wide range of medical conditions, including those that often entail considerable privacy and social stigma issues. Furthermore, we distilled 2 prominent issues in the use of the chatbot: (1) a considerable number of users dropped out in the middle of their consultation sessions, and (2) some users pretended to have health concerns and used the chatbot for nontherapeutic purposes. Finally, we identified a set of user concerns regarding the use of the chatbot, including insufficient actionable information and perceived inaccurate diagnostic suggestions.

Conclusions

Although health chatbots are considered to be convenient tools for enhancing patient-centered care, there are issues and barriers impeding the optimal use of this novel technology. Designers and developers should employ user-centered approaches to address the issues and user concerns to achieve the best uptake and utilization. We conclude the paper by discussing several design implications, including making the chatbots more informative, easy-to-use, and trustworthy, as well as improving the onboarding experience to enhance user engagement.
Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Use of Virtual Care
Authors: Wong Andy , Bhyat Rashaad , Srivastava Siddhartha , Boissé Lomax Lysa , Appireddy Ramana
Published: October 2020

Virtual care, the use of videoconferencing technology to connect with patients, has become critical in providing continuing care for patients during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual care has now been adopted by health care providers across the spectrum, including physicians, residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, and allied health care professionals. Virtual care is novel and nuanced compared to in-person care. Most of the health care providers who are delivering or expected to deliver virtual care have little to no prior experience with it. The nuances of virtual care involve regulatory standards, platforms, technology and troubleshooting, patient selection, etiquette, and workflow, all of which comprise critical points in the provision of health care. It is important to consistently deliver high-quality, equitable, and professional virtual care to inspire patients with the trust they need to continue follow-up of their care in these difficult times. We have been adopting virtual care in our clinical practice for over two years. In partnership with Canada Health Infoway, we have assembled a primer for virtual care that can serve as a guide for any health care provider in Canada and globally, with the goal of providing seamless transitions between in-person and virtual care.
COVID-19 Surveillance in a Primary Care Sentinel Network: In-Pandemic Development of an Application Ontology
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Liyanage Harshana , McGagh Dylan , Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Bauwens Jorgen , Byford Rachel , Evans Dai , Fahey Tom , Greenhalgh Trisha , Jones Nicholas , Mair Frances S , Okusi Cecilia , Parimalanathan Vaishnavi , Pell Jill P , Sherlock Julian , Tamburis Oscar , Tripathy Manasa , Ferreira Filipa , Williams John , Hobbs F D Richard
Published: October 2020

Background

Creating an ontology for COVID-19 surveillance should help ensure transparency and consistency. Ontologies formalize conceptualizations at either the domain or application level. Application ontologies cross domains and are specified through testable use cases. Our use case was an extension of the role of the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) to monitor the current pandemic and become an in-pandemic research platform.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an application ontology for COVID-19 that can be deployed across the various use-case domains of the RCGP RSC research and surveillance activities.

Methods

We described our domain-specific use case. The actor was the RCGP RSC sentinel network, the system was the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the outcomes were the spread and effect of mitigation measures. We used our established 3-step method to develop the ontology, separating ontological concept development from code mapping and data extract validation. We developed a coding system–independent COVID-19 case identification algorithm. As there were no gold-standard pandemic surveillance ontologies, we conducted a rapid Delphi consensus exercise through the International Medical Informatics Association Primary Health Care Informatics working group and extended networks.

Results

Our use-case domains included primary care, public health, virology, clinical research, and clinical informatics. Our ontology supported (1) case identification, microbiological sampling, and health outcomes at an individual practice and at the national level; (2) feedback through a dashboard; (3) a national observatory; (4) regular updates for Public Health England; and (5) transformation of a sentinel network into a trial platform. We have identified a total of 19,115 people with a definite COVID-19 status, 5226 probable cases, and 74,293 people with possible COVID-19, within the RCGP RSC network (N=5,370,225).

Conclusions

The underpinning structure of our ontological approach has coped with multiple clinical coding challenges. At a time when there is uncertainty about international comparisons, clarity about the basis on which case definitions and outcomes are made from routine data is essential.
Predictors and Effects of Usage of an Online Mindfulness Intervention for Distressed Cancer Patients: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cillessen Linda , van de Ven Monique OM , Compen Félix R , Bisseling Else M , van der Lee Marije L , Speckens Anne EM
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

One in three cancer patients experience high psychological distress. Mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing psychological distress in this patient group. However, these interventions lack availability and flexibility, which may compromise participation in the intervention for cancer patients experiencing late symptoms like fatigue or pain. Therefore, mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly offered via the internet. However, little is known about the usage of these online mindfulness-based interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to (1) predict uptake of and adherence to online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (eMBCT) using baseline patient characteristics (demographic, cancer-related, personality, and psychological variables) and (2) examine the relations between adherence and treatment outcomes in eMBCT for cancer patients.

METHODS

A total of 125 cancer patients were assigned to eMBCT in a parent randomized controlled trial comparing MBCT and eMBCT with treatment as usual in distressed cancer patients. Various usage measures of eMBCT were automatically tracked within the online program. Based on activity of use, participants were classified as nonusers, minimal users, low users, and intended users. Questionnaires were used to assess baseline characteristics (preintervention) and outcomes (pre- and postintervention). To answer the research questions, data were analyzed with t tests, χ2 tests, and linear regression models.

RESULTS

Based on weekly activity, participants were classified as nonusers (n=17, 13.6%), who completed no exercises in MBCT; minimal users (n=31, 24.8%), who completed at least one exercise of one to three sessions; low users (n=12, 9.6%), who completed at least one exercise of four to seven sessions; and intended users (n=65, 52.0%), who completed at least one exercise of eight to nine sessions. Nonusers had more fear of cancer recurrence at baseline than users (uptake), and intended users were more conscientious than minimal and low users (adherence). Intended users reported a larger reduction in psychological distress and more improvement of positive mental health (ie, emotional, psychological, and social well-being) after the intervention than other participants.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that adherence was related to improved patient outcomes. Patients with strong fear of recurrence or low levels of conscientiousness should receive extra attention, as they are less likely to respectively start or complete eMBCT. Future research may focus on the development of flexible and adaptive eMBCT programs to fit individual needs.
Phenotypically Similar Rare Disease Identification from an Integrative Knowledge Graph for Data Harmonization: Preliminary Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Qian , Nguyen Dac-Trung , Alyea Gioconda , Hanson Karen , Sid Eric , Pariser Anne
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Although many efforts have been made to develop comprehensive disease resources that capture rare disease information for the purpose of clinical decision making and education, there is no standardized protocol for defining and harmonizing rare diseases across multiple resources. This introduces data redundancy and inconsistency that may ultimately increase confusion and difficulty for the wide use of these resources. To overcome such encumbrances, we report our preliminary study to identify phenotypical similarity among genetic and rare diseases (GARD) that are presenting similar clinical manifestations, and support further data harmonization.

OBJECTIVE

To support rare disease data harmonization, we aim to systematically identify phenotypically similar GARD diseases from a disease-oriented integrative knowledge graph and determine their similarity types.

METHODS

We identified phenotypically similar GARD diseases programmatically with 2 methods: (1) We measured disease similarity by comparing disease mappings between GARD and other rare disease resources, incorporating manual assessment; 2) we derived clinical manifestations presenting among sibling diseases from disease classifications and prioritized the identified similar diseases based on their phenotypes and genotypes.

RESULTS

For disease similarity comparison, approximately 87% (341/392) identified, phenotypically similar disease pairs were validated; 80% (271/392) of these disease pairs were accurately identified as phenotypically similar based on similarity score. The evaluation result shows a high precision (94%) and a satisfactory quality (86% F measure). By deriving phenotypical similarity from Monarch Disease Ontology (MONDO) and Orphanet disease classification trees, we identified a total of 360 disease pairs with at least 1 shared clinical phenotype and gene, which were applied for prioritizing clinical relevance. A total of 662 phenotypically similar disease pairs were identified and will be applied for GARD data harmonization.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully identified phenotypically similar rare diseases among the GARD diseases via 2 approaches, disease mapping comparison and phenotypical similarity derivation from disease classification systems. The results will not only direct GARD data harmonization in expanding translational science research but will also accelerate data transparency and consistency across different disease resources and terminologies, helping to build a robust and up-to-date knowledge resource on rare diseases.
Systematic Review and Scientific Rating of Commercial Apps Available in India for Diabetes Prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Ranjani Harish , Nitika Sharma , Hariharan Raveendran , Charumeena Harikrishnan , Oliver Nick , Pradeepa R. Guha , Chambers John Campbell , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Mohan Viswanathan , Avari Parizad E , Anjana Ranjit Mohan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Scientific evidence for digital health applications (apps) which claim to help in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the quality of currently available health apps for prevention of T2D amongst Asian Indians.

METHODS

Using the keywords, ‘diabetes prevention’, ‘healthy lifestyle’ and ‘fitness’, a total of 1486 apps available in India via Google Play were assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. After initial screening using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 apps underwent a pre-specified rating based on user reviews, number of downloads and app size. Sixteen apps that scored ≥ 9 were shortlisted for further review using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). MARS contains 2 main categories: Category I (Application Quality) and Category II (Application Subjective Quality). The mean MARS scores were used to identify the top ranked apps.

RESULTS

The mean score for Category I of MARS rating was highest for ‘Google Fit: Health and Activity Tracking’ (4.55/5). This was followed by ‘Healthifyme - Diet Plan, Health and Weight Loss’ (4.45/5). For Category II of MARS, ‘Diabetes M’, ‘Google Fit: Health and Activity Tracking’ and Calorie Counter- My fitness pal’, ‘Healthifyme - Diet plan, Health and Weight Loss’ all scored equally well. On comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each of these applications, ‘Google Fit: Health and Activity Tracking’ and ‘Healthifyme - Diet plan, Health and Weight Loss’ again ranked the best.

CONCLUSIONS

Our review identifies two commercially available apps ‘Google Fit: Health and Activity Tracking’ and ‘Healthifyme - Diet plan, Health and Weight Loss’ as being user friendly and good quality. Although encouraging, further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these apps for prevention of diabetes.
Use of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) for Processing Free Text in Health Care: Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Foufi Vasiliki , Bjelogrlic Mina , Lovis Christian
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Interoperability and secondary use of data is a challenge in health care. Specifically, the reuse of clinical free text remains an unresolved problem. The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) has become the universal language of health care and presents characteristics of a natural language. Its use to represent clinical free text could constitute a solution to improve interoperability.

OBJECTIVE

Although the use of SNOMED and SNOMED CT has already been reviewed, its specific use in processing and representing unstructured data such as clinical free text has not. This review aims to better understand SNOMED CT's use for representing free text in medicine.

METHODS

A scoping review was performed on the topic by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for publications featuring free-text processing and SNOMED CT. A recursive reference review was conducted to broaden the scope of research. The review covered the type of processed data, the targeted language, the goal of the terminology binding, the method used and, when appropriate, the specific software used.

RESULTS

In total, 76 publications were selected for an extensive study. The language targeted by publications was 91% (n=69) English. The most frequent types of documents for which the terminology was used are complementary exam reports (n=18, 24%) and narrative notes (n=16, 21%). Mapping to SNOMED CT was the final goal of the research in 21% (n=16) of publications and a part of the final goal in 33% (n=25). The main objectives of mapping are information extraction (n=44, 39%), feature in a classification task (n=26, 23%), and data normalization (n=23, 20%). The method used was rule-based in 70% (n=53) of publications, hybrid in 11% (n=8), and machine learning in 5% (n=4). In total, 12 different software packages were used to map text to SNOMED CT concepts, the most frequent being Medtex, Mayo Clinic Vocabulary Server, and Medical Text Extraction Reasoning and Mapping System. Full terminology was used in 64% (n=49) of publications, whereas only a subset was used in 30% (n=23) of publications. Postcoordination was proposed in 17% (n=13) of publications, and only 5% (n=4) of publications specifically mentioned the use of the compositional grammar.

CONCLUSIONS

SNOMED CT has been largely used to represent free-text data, most frequently with rule-based approaches, in English. However, currently, there is no easy solution for mapping free text to this terminology and to perform automatic postcoordination. Most solutions conceive SNOMED CT as a simple terminology rather than as a compositional bag of ontologies. Since 2012, the number of publications on this subject per year has decreased. However, the need for formal semantic representation of free text in health care is high, and automatic encoding into a compositional ontology could be a solution.
An Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy App for People With Dementia and Their Carers: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Rai Harleen Kaur , Schneider Justine , Orrell Martin
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

There is a need for more resources to support the cognition and quality of life of people with dementia. The individual cognitive stimulation therapy (iCST) app aims to provide cognitive stimulation and social interaction to people with dementia and carers through interactive touchscreen technology. The iCST app has been developed according to the principles of CST and iCST, which have previously shown to improve the cognition and quality of life of people with dementia and benefit the relationship between the person with dementia and his/her carer. The iCST app has also shown to improve the quality of the carer’s life.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the usability of the iCST app intervention and the feasibility of conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the clinical effectiveness of the iCST app intervention compared to that of treatment-as-usual for people with mild-to-moderate dementia.

METHODS

We aim to recruit 60 people with mild-to-moderate dementia and their informal carers as dyads in a multi-center feasibility RCT with a treatment-as-usual control group. Both parties must be able to provide informed consent and participate in the intervention. Dyads will complete a baseline assessment that will include cognition and quality of life measures and they will subsequently be randomized (1:1) to the iCST app intervention in addition to usual care or to usual care only. All participants will be followed up at 5 weeks and at 11 weeks after the baseline assessments. A range of feasibility outcomes will be assessed, including recruitment and retention rates, intervention fidelity and usability, and acceptability of the outcome measures. A sample of the experimental group will be invited to a semistructured posttrial interview to further examine the experience of using the iCST app.

RESULTS

This study received funding in May 2015 and obtained ethical approval in March 2018. Data collection began in November 2018 and was completed in March 2020 with a total of 61 dyads recruited. Data analyses are in progress and the final results are expected to be available in the spring of 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will investigate whether it is feasible to conduct a full-scale RCT to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the iCST app in comparison to that of usual care alone. In addition, this study will examine the usability of the iCST app. The data will provide information on potential modifications to be made to the intervention, study design, and study process.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03282877; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03282877

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24628
Professionals’ and Students’ Perceived Needs for an Online Supportive Application for Reducing School Absence and Stimulating Reintegration: Concept Mapping Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hoogsteder Mariette H H , Douma Linda N , Eskens Charlotte G A , Berendsen Renske L , Vanneste Yvonne T M , Schaafsma Frederieke G
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

To limit students’ medical absenteeism and premature school dropout in the Netherlands, the Medical Advice for Sick-reported Students (MASS) intervention was developed to enhance collaboration between students, parents, school, and health care professionals. MASS reduces medical absenteeism. However, it does not yet optimally support professionals in monitoring students nor automatically stimulating students’ autonomy regarding their situation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify professionals’ and students’ perceived need for an online supportive application to monitor and reduce absenteeism and stimulate student autonomy and school reintegration.

METHODS

Concept mapping sessions were held with professionals (n=23) and secondary school students (n=27) in group meetings or online to identify their perspectives and needs. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering were done with Ariadne 3.0 software. The resulting concept maps were reclustered and interpreted by 4 researchers.

RESULTS

Three heterogeneous groups of professionals generated 17 clusters (135 unique statements), with a mean importance rating ranging from 2.9 to 4.6 on a Likert scale with scores ranging from 1 to 5. Three heterogeneous groups of secondary school students generated 18 clusters (95 unique statements), with a mean importance rating ranging from 3.2 to 4.6. Professionals considered as most important the following: easily accessible contact with students; supporting, motivating, and rewarding students; monitoring absent students; providing information to students and their parents; exchanging information between professionals. Students considered as most important the following: better teacher-student communication and respect; communication between school professionals on the one hand and parents, other professionals, and students on the other hand; guidance in missed learning materials and tests. Students perceived an online format for support as the obvious option.

CONCLUSIONS

Both professionals and students were positive about an online application to support students in dealing with medical absenteeism, especially considering the need for better and easily accessible contact between students and professionals. An eHealth or mobile health (mHealth) application addressing these aspects could stimulate student autonomy and have positive effects on medical absenteeism.
Effect of a Weight Loss Digital Health Platform on Metabolic Syndrome: A 6-Month Prospective Study in China (Preprint)
Authors: Senecal Conor , Collazo-Clavell Maria , de Andrade Mariza , Scott Christopher G. , Lee Alexander , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Metabolic Syndrome represents a collection of measurement that together increase cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality and is is present with increasing frequency around the globe, including China. Digital health applications may provide a cost-effective and scalable way to promote weight loss and improve metabolic syndrome and its constituents.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate a prospective weight loss program delivered via a digital health platform in China.

METHODS

Prospective study in China of changes in body weight and metabolic syndrome parameters at 6 weeks and 6 months after starting using a smartphone application combined with a wireless scale and meal replacement biscuits guided by e-coaching. All participants had or were at high risk for metabolic syndrome. The study was conducted completely online, without face-to-face contact

RESULTS

218 individuals, 55% women, median age 47, participated in this prospective study with at least 6 months of follow-up. Median weight loss at 6 weeks and 6 months was 7.3kg (2.7 BMI units) and 8.4 kg (3.1 BMI units)(P<0.001) respectively. At baseline, 60% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome and this dropped to 38% at 6 weeks (P<0.001) and stayed at 38% at 6 months (P<0.001). The was a reduction in the prevalence of all components of metabolic syndrome during follow up.

CONCLUSIONS

In this prospective observational study, a program using non face to face interaction through a mobile application and e-coaching to guide weightless with a wireless scale and meal replacement biscuits was associated with improvement in the majority components of metabolic syndrome as well as weight loss through six months. This represents a scalable weight loss program that may be helpful in combating metabolic syndrome at scale.
Attitudes Toward the Environment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies to Address Environmental Health Risks in Marginalized Communities: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Perez-Ramos Jose G , McIntosh Scott , Barrett Emily S , Velez Vega Carmen M , Dye Timothy D
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Information and communication technologies, including mobile health (mHealth), can help isolated communities address environmental health challenges. The Puerto Rican island of Culebra has faced multiple sociopolitical and economic factors that have distressed the island’s environment and health. Culebrenses are technologically engaged and have demonstrated a use of technology that transcends socioeconomic barriers. As a result, technological interventions could potentially help manage environmental risks on the island.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to test and evaluate the potential benefits of an mHealth tool, termed ¡mZAP! (Zonas, Acción y Protección), for engaging communities with environmental risks through technology.

METHODS

Participants using ¡mZAP! (N=111) were surveyed. Bivariate analyses were used to examine associations of mHealth use with sociodemographics, technology use, an adapted environmental attitudes inventory, and the multidimensional health locus of control. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between attitudes toward environmental health risks and mHealth use.

RESULTS

Higher positive attitudes toward the environment were significantly associated with the use of ¡mZAP! (odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 1.6-17.0). Environmental attitudes were also associated with the multidimensional health locus of control powerful others subscale (P=.02), indicating that attitudes toward the environment become more negative as feelings controlled by others increase. Participants felt that the authorities would resolve the challenges (63/111, 56.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Perceived lack of control could present barriers to collective actions to address salient environmental health challenges in communities. The ongoing dependency on government-based solutions to community problems is worrisome, especially after the hurricane experiences of 2017 (which may potentially continue to be an issue subsequent to the more recent 2020 earthquakes).
Multimodal Recruitment to Study Ovulation and Menstruation Health: Internet-Based Survey Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mahalingaiah Shruthi , Cheng J Jojo , Winter Michael R , Rodriguez Erika , Fruh Victoria , Williams Anna , Nguyen MyMy , Madhavan Rashmi , Karanja Pascaline , MacRae Jill , Konanki Sai Charan , Lane Kevin J , Aschengrau Ann
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Multimodal recruitment strategies are a novel way to increase diversity in research populations. However, these methods have not been previously applied to understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of recruiting a diverse cohort to complete a web-based survey on ovulation and menstruation health.

METHODS

We conducted the Ovulation and Menstruation Health Pilot Study using a REDCap web-based survey platform. We recruited 200 women from a clinical population, a community fair, and the internet.

RESULTS

We recruited 438 women over 29 weeks between September 2017 and March 2018. After consent and eligibility determination, 345 enrolled, 278 started (clinic: n=43; community fair: n=61; internet: n=174), and 247 completed (clinic: n=28; community fair: n=60; internet: n=159) the survey. Among all participants, the median age was 25.0 (SD 6.0) years, mean BMI was 26.1 kg/m2 (SD 6.6), 79.7% (216/271) had a college degree or higher, and 14.6% (37/254) reported a physician diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Race and ethnicity distributions were 64.7% (176/272) White, 11.8% (32/272) Black/African American, 7.7% (21/272) Latina/Hispanic, and 5.9% (16/272) Asian individuals; 9.9% (27/272) reported more than one race or ethnicity. The highest enrollment of Black/African American individuals was in clinic (17/42, 40.5%) compared to 1.6% (1/61) in the community fair and 8.3% (14/169) using the internet. Survey completion rates were highest among those who were recruited from the internet (159/174, 91.4%) and community fairs (60/61, 98.4%) compared to those recruited in clinic (28/43, 65.1%).

CONCLUSIONS

Multimodal recruitment achieved target recruitment in a short time period and established a racially diverse cohort to study ovulation and menstruation health. There were greater enrollment and completion rates among those recruited via the internet and community fair.
СОСТОЯНИЕ И ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТНОЙ БАЗЫ БОРТОВЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ И БОРЬБЫ С СВКН
Authors: Синани А.И.
Published: October 2020

В работе формулируется понятие «комплекс обнаружения и борьбы авиации», анализируются ключевые задачи построения такого комплекса, определяются перспективы развития и применения систем комплекса для решения задач как специального, так и гражданского назначения.
ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА ПОДДЕРЖКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК РЛК МОНИТОРИНГА ПО ДАННЫМ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
Authors: Тимошенко А.В. , Гуров Г.Б. , Кочкаров А.А. , Перлов А.Ю.
Published: October 2020

Показана актуальность применения методов искусственного интеллекта в современных РЛК мониторинга. Приведены основные задачи интеллектуальной системы поддержки функциональных характеристик структурно-сложных РЛК.
КОМПАКТНЫЙ МУЛЬТИДИАПАЗОННЫЙ РАДАР С СИНТЕЗИРОВАННОЙ АПЕРТУРОЙ
Authors: Переверзев А.Л. , Лялин К.С. , Мелёшин Ю.М. , Хасанов М.С. , Затонская А.С.
Published: October 2020

Разработан компактный мультидиапазонный радар с синтезированной апертурой Ku-диапазона частот, позволяющий получать радиолокационные изображения местности с высокой разрешающей способностью. Показаны преимущества использования алгоритма многодиапазонной обработки для компактных РСА, устанавливаемых на малых БПЛА. Приведены способы уменьшения массогабаритных характеристик компактных РСА.
Orientaciones preliminares para la preservación digital del patrimonio documental arquitectónico de Tampico
Authors: Leija Román David Alonso , Loredo Cansino Reina , Valle Chavarria Lorena Gertrudis
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se abordan las consideraciones para preparar un punto de partida preliminar en la planificación de actividades de preservación digital de una colección documental física, referente al patrimonio arquitectónico moderno alojada en el Archivo Histórico de Tampico (AHT) “Carlos González Salas”, de Tamaulipas, México. Se estudia desde la perspectiva de caso si la demanda de una comunidad designada y la observación de los aspectos nucleares que intervienen en las actividades de preservación digital –infraestructura organizacional, infraestructura tecnológica y recursos requeridos– contribuyen útilmente con información orientativa preliminar para la planificación de políticas, estrategias y acciones de preservación digital de colecciones documentales de interés en una comunidad específica. Se discuten consideraciones mínimas y prioritarias de preservación digital de acuerdo con la disposición de colecciones, recursos humanos, infraestructura tecnológica y organización institucional disponible en el AHT para situar qué actividades preliminares de tipo ejecutivo, operativo y técnico están a su alcance de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas a nivel nacional e internacional en materia de preservación digital a largo plazo.
[ID 50473] RESULTADOS ADVERSOS DO PARTO EM MATERNIDADES DE ENSINO DE ALTO RISCO
Authors: Da Costa Oliveira Thais , Marques  de Oliveira e Silva Jovania , De Carvalho Nagliate Patrícia , Sales Santos Veríssimo Regina Célia , Da Hora Sales Maria Lucélia , Silva de Lucena Tâmara
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisar os resultados adversos em maternidades de ensino de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo e analítico, com amostra aleatória de 480 prontuários de puérperas de parto cirúrgico de 2016, utilizando-se o Adverse Outcome Index: morte materna intra-hospitalar, morte neonatal intra-hospitalar >2500g e >37 semanas, rotura uterina, admissão materna não planejada em unidade de terapia intensiva, trauma de parto no recém-nascido, retorno à sala cirúrgica, admissão em unidade intensiva neonatal com >2500g e >37 semanas por mais de um dia, Apgar 2500g e >37 semanas por mais de um dia (52,5%), hemotransfusão materna (20,8%) e admissão materna não planejada em terapia intensiva (17,8%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se uma elevada parcela de nascimentos com resultados não desejáveis, o que proporcionou a análise do panorama dos desfechos desfavoráveis relacionados à segurança em maternidades através do uso de indicadores.
[ID 50497] ESTUDO DO PERFIL ALIMENTAR, NUTRICIONAL E DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE FREQUENTADORES DE UMA POLICLÍNICA UNIVERSITÁRIA LOCALIZADA EM SÃO PAULO
Authors: Mendes Vilagra Denise Tatiana , Santos D Lima Gisleangela , França da Silva Thabata , Pereira Martins Danielle , De Faria Chimello Marianne , Alexandre Kutz Nyvian , Andrews Portes Leslie , Salgueiro Márcia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de frequentadores com excesso de peso de uma policlínica universitária da zonal sul de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo com coleta de dados antropométricos e a aplicação de questionário estruturado para as variáveis sociodemográficas, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida e de qualidade de vida. Resultados: Ocorreu predominância do sexo feminino (81%), classe socioeconômica C e D-E (72%). O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi 32,9 kg/m2 e a prevalência de obesidade em mulheres e homens foi 74% e 64%, respectivamente. 84% dos participantes necessitam fazer ajustes no consumo alimentar e em outros hábitos de vida. 64% referiram a qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa. Conclusão: A maioria da amostra foi composta por mulheres, obesas, sem companheiro, com baixa escolaridade e de baixa classe socioeconômica, necessitando melhorar o consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida. No entanto, a qualidade de vida foi classificada como boa e muito boa.
[ID 51474] ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O USO DE DISPOSITIVOS INVASIVOS E PROLONGAMENTO DO TEMPO DE INTERNAÇÃO EM UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Araújo Pereira Maria Mayara , De Almeida da Silva Thais , Escarião de Oliveira Ana Caroline , Almeida Marques Lubenow Juliana
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Averiguar se o uso de dispositivos invasivos leva ao prolongamento do tempo de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de um Hospital Universitário. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo do tipo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado em um Hospital Universitário, onde foram usados dados do livro de admissões da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e de prontuários de pacientes que estiveram internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e fizeram uso de dispositivos invasivos entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2018. As análises estatísticas deste trabalho foram realizadas utilizando o software livre R (R CORE TEAM 2019) e para testes de associação foi utilizado o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Verificou-se que apenas os diagnósticos de neoplasias/ intoxicação/doenças de pele e sepse influenciaram no tempo de internação do paciente e o uso dos dispositivos: cateter venoso central, tubo orotraqueal, traqueóstomo, sonda nasogástrica, sonda orogástrica, sonda nasoenteral e cateter vesical de demora interferem no prolongamento do tempo de internação. Além disso, o número de pacientes infectados aumentou com o passar dos dias da hospitalização. Conclusão: O tempo de internação sofre influência do uso de dispositivos invasivos e tem associação com maior número de infecções.
The influence of diabetes mellitus type 2 on the central corneal thickness
Authors: Sreckovic Suncica , Todorovic Dusan , Randjelovic Danijela , Petrovic Nenad , Stojanovic Jasmina , Sarenac-Vulovic Tatjana
Published: October 2020

Background/Aim. Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the eye are the leading cause of blindness in the world. Although research on eye complications of DM is mainly focused on retinal damage, changes in the cornea are also associated with DM. Central corneal thickness (CCT) reflects the metabolic status of the cornea and is also affected by DM. Knowledge of CCT changes that occur within DM is important for accurate IOP measurement, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with glaucoma. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of DM type 2 on the central corneal thickness. Methods. The study was designed as a clinical, cross-sectional, observational study. It consists of 96 patients, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 49 patients diagnosed with DM type 2. The second group was the control group and consisted of 47 healthy subjects. The DM group was divided into subgroups depending on the status of diabetic retinopathy, the length of DM treatment, and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Results. A statistically significant difference in CCT was observed among DM patients and the control group. Analyzing only DM patients, the highest CCT values were observed in patients who had HbA1C > 7.0%, as well as those who have treated DM for more than 15 years, with a statistically significant difference in relation to the corresponding patient sub-groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.037, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed depending on the status of retinopathy. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was statistically significantly higher in patients with DM compared to the control group. Conclusion. Our research demonstrated that the status of retinopathy had no statistically significant influence on CCT. Knowing that the increase in CCT also affects the measured IOP values, this research will be useful in better understanding and control of the patients who have glaucoma in addition to DM type 2.
Active Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With an Exacerbation of Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetes
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Liu Yu-Li , Yang Albert C. , Tsai Shih-Jen , Kuo Po-Hsiu
Published: October 2020

The heritability levels of two traits for diabetes diagnosis, serum fasting glucose (FG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were estimated to be 51–62%. Studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes. It is important to uncover whether smoking may modify the genetic risk of diabetes. This study included unrelated Taiwan Biobank subjects in a discovery cohort (TWB1) of 25,460 subjects and a replication cohort (TWB2) of 58,774 subjects. Genetic risk score (GRS) of each TWB2 subject was calculated with weights retrieved from the TWB1 analyses. We then assessed the significance of GRS-smoking interactions on FG, HbA1c, and diabetes while adjusting for covariates. A total of five smoking measurements were investigated, including active smoking status, pack-years, years as a smoker, packs smoked per day, and hours as a passive smoker per week. Except for passive smoking, all smoking measurements were associated with FG, HbA1c, and diabetes (P < 0.0033) and were associated with an exacerbation of the genetic risk of FG and HbA1c (PInteraction < 0.0033). For example, each 1 SD increase in GRS is associated with a 1.68% higher FG in subjects consuming one more pack of cigarettes per day (PInteraction = 1.9 × 10–7). Smoking cessation is especially important for people who are more genetically predisposed to diabetes.
ANALISIS GULA DARAH UNTUK MENDIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS (DM)
Authors: Ayuni Ni Komang
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) cara menganalisis gula darah untuk mendiagnosis penyakit Diabetes Melitus (DM), (2) persentase penderita positif DM di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Buleleng. Subyek penelitian ini adalah serum darah dan obyek penelitian ini adalah kadar gula darah dan persentase penderita positif DM yang memeriksakan gula darahnya di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Buleleng. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, data tentang kadar gula darah penderita Diabetes Melitus (DM) dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Diagnosis penyakit Diabetes Melitus dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan BSN dan BS 2 Jam PP. Analisis gula darah di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Buleleng dilakukan dengan pemeriksaaan serum darah dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometri BTS 310, (2) Dari 249 pasien yang memeriksakan kadar gula darahnya di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Buleleng dari tanggal 2 Mei-30 Juni 2005 ternyata 187 orang (75,1%) menderita penyakit positif DM.
PENENTUAN KADAR LEMAK PADA FESES IKAN KERAPU MACAN (EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS) DENGAN METODE GRAVIMETRI MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT METANOL – KLOROFORM
Authors: Jayadiningrat Made Gautama
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan kadar lemak yang terdapat pada feses ikan kerapu macan, (2) mengetahui pengaruh variasi formulasi pakan terhadap kadar lemak pada feses ikan tersebut, dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh kondisi lingkungan, terutama suhu air terhadap kadar lemak pada feses ikan bersangkutan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ikan kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) yang diperoleh dari Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut Gondol-Bali dan objek penelitiannya adalah kadar lemak pada feses ikan tersebut. Kadar lemak ditentukan dengan metode gravimetri menggunakan pelarut campuran metanol-kloroform (1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa (1) kadar lemak dalam feses ikan kerapu macan berkisar antara 3,51 – 13,36 % pada pagi hari, dan 5,90 – 16,40 % pada siang hari, (2) variasi formulasi pakan yang diberikan sangat menentukan besar kecilnya kandungan kadar lemak dalam feses ikan tersebut, dan (3) perubahan kondisi lingkungan, yaitu peningkatan suhu air menyebabkan tingginya kandungan  kadar lemak dalam feses ikan bersangkutan.