bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PVMS based on the lupine grain and amido-concentrative additives for young cattle feeding
Authors: Radchikov V. , Tzai V. , Besarab G. , Piluk S. , Serguchev S. , Suchkova I. , Kurtina V.
Published: October 2019

The protein, vitamin and mineral supplements have been developed and it was studied the efficiency of feeding with them the young cattle in the composition of the grain production.
The scientific and farm experiment has been carried out during 62 days. The study was conducted in four groups of bulls with 12 heads in each. The initial live weight at the beginning of the study was about 300–310 kg.
Differences in feeding were in the fact that the grain forage for young animals of group I included PVMS No. 1, II – PVMS No. 2, III –PVMS No.3, IV – PVMS No 4. The grain feed is represented mainly by barley. The protein, vitamin and mineral supplement replenished 20 % of the deficient protein.
It was discovered that concentration of hydrogen ions was practically at the same level in the rumen contents of steers of different groups. As for level of ammonia, VFA, total nitrogen, ciliates in the young cattle of I, II and III groups, the differences were insignificant. The concentration of ammonia of group IVcompared to I, II and III group was higher by 15.58, 23.61 and 21.9 %, VFA – by 6.7, 19.4 and 11.1 %, total nitrogen – by 3.32, 31.44 and 24.03 %, ciliates – by 4.35, 14.29 and 9.09 %, respectively.
The research results showed that digestibility of protein, fiber and BEV was higher in the fourth group by 1–7 % compared with the rest groups (P>0.05).
A slight increase in nitrogen deposition was found in IV group of young animals (by 4.7–11.9 %) receiving PVMS with AFA as a source of protein. The use of calcium and phosphorus by animals was almost at the same level.
The research helped to determine that the average daily weight gain of animals of all the groups was within the range 629–710 g. The highest was in the fourth group consuming PVMS No. 4 with AFA as a protein component; the second place in terms is occupied by group I – 660 g, consuming PVMS No. 2, which included lupine, AFA and standard DKMK No. 1; PVMS No. 3 with depleted phosphate used as a source of phosphorus, took the last place in terms of this indicator – 629 g. Feed cost per 1 kg of weight gain was the lowest in IV group – 8.77 feed units, in I, II and III groups, it was higher by 8.32 %; 13.68 and 10.83 %, respectively.
The cost of sold products from one animal during experiment turned out to be higher for steers that received PVMS No. 4 as compared to I, II and III groups by 6.82, 11.36 and 9.1 %, respectively.
Keywords: feed additive, additives, steers, growth energy, digestibility, hematological parameters, live weight, productivity, cost price.
The Improvement of protein diet standards for breeding bulls
Authors: Razumovski N. , Bogdanovich D.
Published: October 2019

The research was conducted in 3 groups of rearing bulls aged 12–18 months, with an average initial live weight of
363–367 kg.
The amount of non-degradable protein in diet of rearing bulls of the control group was lower by 10 % of the accepted standard. The second experimental group corresponded to the accepted standard due to extruded peas, lupine and flax meal.The level of non-degradable protein in III experimental group was above the standard by 10 %.
The research helped to determine that experimental groups of bulls that consumed food with the level of non-degradable protein according to the standard and 10 % higher in the rumen contenthas an increased level of total nitrogen by 5.1 % and 5.5 % and protein – by 7.5 and 8.2 % respectively. A significant reduction in the amount of ammonia in the rumen of experimental animals was determined by 21 (P<0.05) and 24.0 % (P<0.05), respectively, which indicates the decrease in protein degradability and improvement of its use by microorganisms for protein synthesis.
Animals of II and III experimental groups consuming food with higher levels of non-degradable protein digested feed nutrients better. Thus, digestibility of dry and organic substances and protein significantly increased by 6.4 and 6.9; 6.4 and 7.1; 5.6 and 5.5 %. There is a tendency to increase of digestibility of fat, fiber and BEV.
As a result of the analysis of the morphological and biochemical composition of blood, it was determined that there were no significant differences in all of the studied parameters, they all ranged within the physiological standard. However, there was an increase of total protein by 4.0 %, total and protein nitrogen – by 4.0–5.0 % in bulls’ blood of the II experimental group, while in young animals of III experimental group these indicators increased respectively by 6.5 and 7.0 %.
The research has shown that the average daily weight gain of the bulls in control group was 980 g, and in the experimental ones it increased to 1009–1029 g or by 3.0 and 5.0 %.
As for the volume of ejaculate, bulls of II and III groups surpassed their coevals of group I by 11.0–14.0 %, and by semen concentrations – by 9.0–12.0 %.
The energy in weight gain of bulls of II and III experimental groups ranged 19.9–20.8 MJ, or 4.1–9.0 % and was higher compared to group I.
The transformation of metabolizable energy of diet into body weight gain increased from 21.6 % (control) to 22.4–
22.6 %. The energy spent on diet per 1 MJ for weight gain decreased from 4.6 MJ (control) to 4.4–4.5 MJ or by 4.0–5.0 %. However, the best results were observed in young animals of III experimental group, who received diets with the level of non-degradable protein in the amount of 10 % above the standard.
Key words: calves, diet, feed, degradable protein, non-degradable protein, rumen digestion, performance.
Simulation of communicative situations during the professional English classes in maritime educational institutions
Authors: Bobrysheva Nataliya
Published: October 2019

The article identifies tools for modeling communicative situations during the professional English classes of future maritime officers, considering the multicultural component of their professional activities. The author identifies the principles of modeling communicative situations during the professional English classes, which the
teacher should follow: he principle of continuity, which is a system-creating factor in the gradual introduction of the knowledge system, skills and abilities of the essence and specificity from the first to the fifth courses, in further postgraduate education, contributing to the integrity of this process; the principle of professional orientation, the
essence of which is the orientation of the tasks, content, methods and forms of organization of the educational process for the future specialists’ profession; the principle of dialogue that determines the scope of future maritime officers: communication with crew members, briefing, giving orders, etc., forming the theoretical and professional development of future specialists; it facilitates subject-subject connections, resulting in cadets mastering skills and abilities to take into account the position of the interlocutor, to organize and cooperate with the crew
members, to adequately perceive and transmit information; the principle of complexity, which consists in the interconnection of the components of the educational process, ensuring the integrity of the influence on the formation of the personality of the future marine officer, as under the influence of studying various disciplines of cadets
formed readiness for professional activity in the multicultural environment. Author gives examples of modeling communicative situations for various courses, taking into account their level of English. For the senior maritime students, the teacher may give more complicate communicative situations and use exercises such as brainstorming, choosing true/false statements, and choosing the right option (matching) with subsequent discussion in groups or pairs. The author concludes that the modeling of communicative situations helps to build an effective model of communication between representatives of different nationalities and cultures, solving intercultural conflicts
Consideraciones para el Despliegue de Redes basadas en Radio Cognitiva
Authors: Carro Gonzalo , Hernández Patricia , Beltramelli Federico , Simon María , Capdehourat Germán , Rodríguez Benigno
Published: October 2019

El desarrollo constante de las aplicaciones de comunicación inalámbrica, que se refleja en el creciente número de usuarios y la variedad de dispositivos inalámbricos que son utilizados para aplicaciones diarias, representa una demanda creciente del recurso espectro radioeléctrico. Un ejemplo de esto es el concepto de Internet de las cosas, en inglés Internet of Things (IoT), lo que significa que muchos de los dispositivos utilizados en hogares, oficinas o incluso en lugares públicos se conectan a Internet y entre sí, permitiendo una amplia gama de aplicaciones de telecomunicaciones. Las tecnologías inalámbricas permiten conexiones de forma flexible sin necesidad de redes cableadas, pero a expensas de aumentar el uso del espectro radioeléctrico. Estudios realizados por la Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones de Estados Unidos (FCC) muestran que el uso de bandas de frecuencia no es uniforme y varía dependiendo de la hora del día y la ubicación geográfica. En la hora pico algunas bandas están sobrecargadas mientras que otras permanecen sin ser usadas en toda su capacidad. Por lo tanto, la eficiencia con la que se administra el acceso a este recurso finito es de gran importancia para el futuro y la idea de desarrollar herramientas para un mejor uso del espectro de radio guarda relación con una demanda de uso compleja y en crecimiento. Los avances tecnológicos permiten el desarrollo de sistemas de comunicación con el potencial de utilizar los recursos de radio de una manera más dinámica y eficiente. En este contexto, las técnicas de Radio Cognitiva, en inglés Cognitive Radio (CR) ofrecen una mayor eficiencia y flexibilidad con respecto al uso de este recurso. Este documento presenta los fundamentos sobre CR, sus beneficios y desafíos, información sobre los estándares existentes de los sistemas de CR, así como ejemplos de implementación de estos sistemas.
Emotionsverben im Estnischen: Konstruktionsvarianz und Kausalstruktur
Authors: Kutscher Silvia
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the constructional variation of emotion predicates in Estonian. It gives an overview of constructional types, including information on their quantitative distribution. I show that one characteristic of Estonian is the formation of pairs of converses, i.e. paired emotion verbs, which have the same emotional semantics but different argument realisation patterns. These converses are based on derivational morphology, such as the causative morpheme -ta ‘CAUS’. Causative derivation has been adduced in the theoretical literature as support for the assumption that the cross-linguistically widespread constructional variation in emotion predicates has its origin in a difference in the causal structure in verbal semantics. The article shows that the data for Estonian contradict this assumption.
Eine inhaltsreiche Grammatik des Udmurtischen
Authors: Saarinen Sirkka
Published: October 2019

Eberhard Winkler: Udmurtische Grammatik. Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, Band 81. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. 188 S.
Persönlichkeiten der ungarischen Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: Nyirkos István
Published: October 2019

Loránd Benkő: Magyar nyelvtudósok a XX. században. Méltatások, emlékezések. [Ungarische Sprachwissenschaftler im 20. Jahrhundert. Würdigungen, Erinnerungen.] Budapest: Argumentum, 2010. 262 S.
Ein hervorragendes Werk über die Geschichte der Forschung zum udmurtischen Kasussystem
Authors: Salminen Esa-Jussi
Published: October 2019

Н. В. Кондратьева: Формирование падежной системы в удмуртском языке [Die Herausbildung des udmurtischen Kasussystems]. Ижевск, 2011. 153 S.
Das Lebenswerk der Sibirienforscherin Zoja Sokolova in einem Band
Authors: Lehtinen Ildikó
Published: October 2019

З. П. Соколова, Ханты и манси. Взгляд из XXI века. Khanty and Mansi. A View from the 21st Century. Москва: Наука 2009. 756 S., 152 Schwarz-Weiß-Abb., 48 farbige Abb.
Hedlund, Cecilia – Larsson, Lars-Gunnar: Ii dušše duoddaris! Lärobok i nordsamiska
Authors: Saarinen Sirkka
Published: October 2019

Cecilia Hedlund & Lars-Gunnar Larsson, Ii dušše duoddaris! Lärobok i nordsamiska [Not Just on the Fells: A Textbook of Northern Saami]. Finsk-Ugriska Läromedel 24. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2011. 373 pp.
A. D. Kylstra 1920–2009
Authors: Hahmo Sirkka-Liisa
Published: October 2019

Nekrolog A. D. Kylstra 1920–2009
Seppo Suhonen 1938–2010
Authors: Laakso Johanna
Published: October 2019

Nekrolog Seppo Suhonen 1938–2010
Both Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and A1c Drop in Less than One Month after Starting Lysulin Supplementation
Authors: Burd John F
Published: October 2019

When a diabetes treatment is changed, patients are eager to see their FBG and A1c changes as a result on the new treatment. We examined these changes in 20 subjects with Type 2 diabetes for 1 week prior to starting Lysulin and then for the following 30 days. While both FBG and A1c drop in less than 1 month, the change in A1c was more rapid than the change if FBG. Possible reasons for the differences between FBG and A1c are presented
Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital
Authors: Thaulow Christian Magnus , Berild Dag , Blix Hege Salvesen , Brigtsen Anne Karin , Myklebust Tor Åge , Eriksen Beate Horsberg
Published: October 2019

Background: Worldwide, a large proportion of neonates are prescribed antibiotics without having infections leading to increased antimicrobial resistance, disturbance of the evolving microbiota, and increasing the risk of various chronical diseases. Comparing practice between different hospitals/settings is important in order to optimize antibiotic stewardship.

Aim: To investigate and compare the potential for improved antibiotic stewardship in neonates in two Norwegian hospitals with different academic culture, with emphasis on antibiotic exposure in unconfirmed infections, treatment length/doses, CRP values and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA). All types of infections were investigated, but the main focus was on early-onset sepsis (EOS).

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of antibiotic use in a Norwegian university hospital (UH) and a district hospital (DH), 2017. Unconfirmed infections were defined as culture negative infections that neither fulfilled the criteria for clinical infection (clinical symptoms, maximum CRP >30 mg/L, and treatment for at least 5 days).

Results: Ninety-five neonates at the DH and 89 neonates at the UH treated with systemic antibiotics were included in the study. In total, 685 prescriptions (daily doses) of antibiotics were given at the DH and 903 at the UH. Among term and premature infants (≥ 28 weeks), 82% (75% at the UH and 86% at the DH, p = 0.172) of the treatments for suspected EOS were for unconfirmed infections, and average treatment length in unconfirmed infections was 3.1 days (both hospitals). Median dose for aminoglycoside was higher for term infants at the UH (5.96, 95% CI 5.02–6.89) compared to the DH (4.98, 95% CI 4.82–5.14; p < 0.001). At the UH, all prescriptions with aminoglycosides were gentamicin, while tobramycin accounted for 93% of all prescriptions with aminoglycosides at the DH.

Conclusion: There is a potential for reduction in both antibiotic exposure and treatment length in these two neonatal units, and a systematic risk/observational algorithm of sepsis should be considered in both hospitals. We revealed no major differences between the UH and DH, but doses and choice of aminoglycosides varied significantly.
Cinseyete Göre Öfke Düzeyinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye’de Yapılan Tezler Üzerine Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: MANAP Abdulah , KIŞ Ali
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırma, cinsiyete göre öfke düzeyini incelemek amacıyla yapılmış olan bir
meta-analiz çalışmasıdır. Araştırmada 101 çalışma içerisinden cinsiyet
değişkenini kullanan ve analiz sonuçlarını teze dahil eden 24 çalışma
kullanılmıştır. Örneklem sayısı 3495’i erkek, 3932’i kadın olmak üzere toplam
7427 bireyi kapsamaktadır. Araştırmaya sürekli öfke-öfke ifade tarz ölçeğini kullanan
tezler dahil edilmiştir. Meta-analiz çalışmasına dahil edilen 24 tez
çalışmasındaki bulgulardan elde edilen kadın ve erkeklerin örneklem sayıları,
ortalama puanlar, standart sapma, F, t ve p değerleri kullanılmıştır. Elde
edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre erkeklerin lehine önemsiz düzeyde (d= -0.02) bir
genel etki büyüklüğü bulunmuştur.
Nitel Araştırmalarda Veri Üçgenlemesi Olarak Odak Grup Görüşmesi, Bireysel Görüşme ve Gözlem
Authors: IŞIK Ece , SEMERCİ Çetin
Published: October 2019

Günümüzde eğitim araştırmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan nitel araştırmalar insanların kendi deneyimlerini nasıl yorumladıkları, kendi dünyalarını nasıl yapılandırdıkları ve deneyimlerine ne anlamlar yükledikleri ile ilgilenir. Nitel araştırmaların kendilerine özgü özellikleri vardır. Nitel araştırmalar naturalistik, tanımlayıcı, süreçle ilgili, tümevarımsal ve anlamın önemli olduğu çalışmalardır. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı nitel araştırmalarda yanlış algılamayı ve sonuçların geçersizliğini en aza indirmek için üçgenleme kullanılır. Üçgenleme, doğruluğu arttırmak için bir şeye çoklu bakış açısı ile bakmak anlamına gelir. Bu bağlamda nitel araştırmalarda veri üçgenlemesi olarak odak grup görüşmesi, bireysel görüşme ve gözlem kullanılabilir.Odak grup görüşmeleri araştırmacının süreç içerisindeki sosyal etkileşimleri görmesini sağlar.Odak gruplar belirli bir şekilde yapılandırılmış, iyi tanımlanmış hedefleri olan grup görüşmeleridir. Görüşme ise bir kişinin bilgi edinmek amacı ile diğerine soru yöneltmesidir. Görüşme katılımcıların kendi kelimeleri ile tanımlayıcı veri elde etmek için kullanılır. Böylece, araştırmacı katılımcıların kendi dünyalarını nasıl yorumladıkları ile ilgili iç görü geliştirebilir. Bu çalışmada veri üçgenlemesi olarak kullanılan son yöntem olan gözlem yoluyla araştırmacı katılımcıların günlük uygulamalarını belgeleyerek, onların deneyimlerini daha iyi anlamaya çalışır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, nitel araştırmalarda kullanılan odak grup görüşmeleri, bireysel görüşmeler ve gözlemleri tanıtmak ve veri üçgenlemesi olarak nasıl kullanıldığını betimlemektir.
Ba Jin, sur l'origine d'un nom de plume
Authors: Pino Angel
Published: October 2019

According to an enduring legend, Ba Jin, the pen-name that brought the writer fame and success, originated in the combination of two syllables extracted from the patronyms of two Russian anarchist theoreticians : Bakunin (in Chinese : BA-ku-ning) and Kropotkin (Ke-lu-pao-te-JIN). However, Ba Jin himself has argued that the character "Ba" was chosen in memory of a former fellow-student called B A Enbo ; as to the character "Jin," it referred to Kropotkin only incidentally. It seems that this explanation, put forward by Ba Jin as early as 1958 , was hardly ever accepted, although it has been repeatedly given confirmation by the writer. This article tries to investigate into the origin of the above-mentioned legend and to show that there is no reason to doubt Ba Jin's sincerity.
Maladie et poésie sous les Tang
Authors: Hu-Sterk Florence
Published: October 2019

Florence Hu-Sterk : Illness and Poetry Under the Tang

This article analyses how illness influenced Tang poets in modifying their style. This theme has often been neglected by critics although it can be considered as a fundamental factor for understanding the evolution of a poetic style. This study tries to show that the amplification of this topic, from the Middle Tang onwards, was a consequence of An Lushan's rebellion and the need to return to some more private subjects to the detriment of public affairs. The different attitudes towards illness reflect to a large extent the philosophical and religious conceptions of the poets. The works of three major poets (Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Li He) deserve a special attention because they personify three representative attitudes towards illness. Finally, it appears that illness is not considered by the Tang poets as a creative stimulant nor an object of sublimation as it is often the case in the West.
Patronage scientifique et carrière politique. Li Guangdi entre Kangxi et Mei Wending
Authors: Han Qi
Published: October 2019

Han Qi : Scientific Patronage and Political Career. Li Guangdi between the Emperor and Mei Wending

This article tries to analyse Li Guangdi 's role in the history of sciences during the Kangxi's reign. It points out that he not only played an intermediary role between the Kangxi emperor ant the mathematician Mei Wending, but also played a leading role in attracting the emperor's attention and favor for the savant. It was under his patronage that Mei Wending completed his work Doubts on the Calendrical Sciences and that a group of savants formed by Mei Wending played an essential role in the establishment of the Mathematical School during the compilation of Western scientific books. It also points out that sciences were very important factors in Li Guangdi 's political career : they helped him to obtain the grace of the emperor because his interests in sciences met the needs of the emperor.
Émotions et sagesse dans la Chine ancienne : L'élaboration de la notion de qing dans les textes philosophiques des Royaumes combattants jusqu'aux Han
Authors: Cheng Anne
Published: October 2019

Cet article se propose d'examiner l'évolution de la notion de qing à travers la littérature philosophique des Royaumes combattants (ve-me siècle) jusqu'à la consolidation de l'empire centralisé par la dynastie Han à partir du me~iie siècle avant notre ère. D'abord utilisé dans un sens courant de «caractère intrinsèque » propre à un être ou une situation, qing, couplé avec xing (nature) ou sheng* (principe vital), en vient à désigner plus spécifiquement, dans les textes du ive siècle, les caractéristiques proprement humaines sur lesquelles s'interrogent des penseurs comme Zhuangzi ou Mengzi. C'est dans le Xunzi, daté du ive-me siècle, que qing, mis en relation avec la problématique des désirs (yu ), acquiert un statut autonome qui le conduira au tout début de la période impériale à désigner exclusivement les émotions humaines. A ce stade apparaît clairement l'enjeu politique de cette notion, déjà perceptible chez Xunzi, pour qui l'équilibre entre les désirs et leur gratification est essentiel pour l'ordre social et, partant, pour l'unité de l'empire. Dès le début des Han, les émotions se trouvent ainsi canalisées dans une codification ritualiste, et ne pourront être considérées pour elles-mêmes dans une perspective esthétique qu'après le grand bouleversement qui mettra fin à la dynastie quatre siècles plus tard.
Le dévoreur dévoré. De l'émincé de poisson cru, de ses délices et de ses méfaits
Authors: Despeux Catherine
Published: October 2019

Catherine Despeux : The Devoured Devourer. On Raw Fish Slices, its Delights, and Damages.

Raw fish slices (kuai), generally prepared with some carp or bass as well as some condiments (like ginger, mustard, coriander, turnip, etc.), were a very estimated meal since Antiquity. It was often served for important banquets and many Song scholars were fond of it. However, the ailments this meal provoked were later described by the medical and scholarly sources, showing the difference established by the anthropologists between disease (from the point of view of the doctor) and illness (from the point of view of the patient). If the medical sources implicitly suggest a link between these diseases and parasitoses, the stories reported in scholar's miscellanea insist on the strange nature of the symptoms, particularly on that of bulimia : the cause of the latter was attributed to the presence of an animal in the body that devoured the food of its host.
De quelques conventions picturales : Le char et ses représentations aux Ve-IVe siècles avant notre ère
Authors: Thote Alain
Published: October 2019

Alain Thote : On Pictural Conventions. The Representations of Chariots in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.

In China, the first pictorial scenes appeared in the Fifth century B.C. They were made by inlaying or engraving the surface of bronze vessels, or were painted on lacquer. With these different methods the artists equally produced schematic images. Some of the images show chariots, the representation of which raises many difficulties. In this case study, this writer will try to show that the pictorial conventions used by the artists changed suddenly between the Fifth and the Fourth centuries B.C. While free from technical constraints, painting would at the same time acquire its independence and become an artistic expression per se. The first images of chariots lack consistency, since they were conceived to reconcile different viewpoints that could not match together. In fact, these first images of chariots were produced with conventions that remind us of the iconic nature of the graphical sign used during the Shang and the Western Zhou periods to designate the Chinese character che. An even earlier source would be the rock engravings drawn by the peoples of Central Asia. This steppe connection is not so surprising, since the chariot was borrowed by Shang people around 1200 B.C. as a result of long distance exchanges with the Central Asian populations. By the Fourth century B.C., these early conventions were abandoned quite suddenly. The artists began to explore new ways of representation, creating images that were close to what they saw with their eyes. They tried to set a natural environment. Furthermore, they focused on what was essential to the interpretation of the images, leaving aside all superfluous details, and finally they dared to superimpose objects or even people to provide depth. A narrative structure appeared at the same time, accompanied with lighter compositions. The new conventions adopted by the artists produced much more «readable» images and stimulated the birth of painting as a fine art.
Trois aspects de la lune dans la poésie Tang : Wang Wei, Li He, Li Shangyin
Authors: Kōzen Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

Kôzen Kiroshi : Three Aspects of the Moon in Tang Poetry. Wang Wei, Li He, Li Shangyin.

The Moon, an entity towards whom every human being is able to raise his eyes, has been celebrated at all times all over the world. Tang poetry frequently presents a stereotyped image of the Moon that does not exclude other images more peculiar to each poet that reflect his individual personality and specificity. Turning to the Moon, poets tend to project their soul. One can use the image they give of the astral body as a mirror which reflects their interests and thoughts. The present article concentrates its investigation of the theme on the rather extreme cases of Wang Wei, Li He, and Li Shangyin. The research reveals evidence of their differences and allows to characterize their originality. The author wishes to stress how it would be desirable to continue on the whole corpus of Tang poetry the same investigation for the entirety of Tang poets.
Marché, capital et pouvoir entrepreneurial en Chine : Fan Xudong et l'édification de l'industrie sel-soude-acides, 1914-1945
Authors: Xiao-Planes Xiaohong
Published: October 2019

Fan Xudong (1883-1945) fut l'un des plus brillants parmi les entrepreneurs chinois qui émergèrent pendant et après la période de la Grande Guerre. Associé aux réformateurs du système de la gabelle, il s'investit d'abord dans l'industrie du sel fin en exploitant les ressources du littoral Tianjin-Tanggu. Il s'attaqua ensuite à la production de la soude, affrontant de nombreux obstacles technologiques ou financiers et parvenant à résister à la concurrence agressive du trust international. Il gagna son troisième pari -la fabrication des acides -grâce à un certain soutien gouvernemental et surtout à l'appui financier d'un consortium bancaire chinois. Malgré le concours de son groupe Jiuda-Yongli-Huanghai à la politique de résistance anti-japonaise du régime, ses projets de reconstruction de l'après-guerre ne rencontrèrent plus d'échos aussi favorables dans les sphères gouvernementales, gagnées à l'idée d'un capitalisme étatique quand elles n'étaient pas minées par les luttes d'influence et la corruption.
La réglementation administrative et le code pénal mis en tableaux
Authors: Will Pierre-Etienne
Published: October 2019

Cet article est consacré à une catégorie particulière de manuels pour fonctionnaires, apparue vers 1730, où la matière du Code pénal et des règlements sur les «sanctions administratives » (chufen) est présentée sous forme de tableaux plus ou moins complexes. L'objectif était de faciliter l'accès des administrateurs à une législation foisonnante et en constant renouvellement. La première partie fait l'historique du genre à travers la description d'une série de titres dont certains ont été révisés et réédités jusqu'à la fin du XIXe siècle. Au passage sont évoqués le milieu de spécialistes dont étaient issus les auteurs, les éditeurs et leurs pratiques, et le public visé. La seconde partie revient plus en détail, et à partir d'exemples précis, sur la logique de la présentation, autrement dit sur les différentes façons dont les tableaux résumaient et réorganisaient les recueils législatifs de façon à les rendre «clairs au premier coup d'œil».
Circulation du savoir entre la Chine, la Mongolie et le Tibet au XVIIIe siècle. Le prince mGon-po skyabs
Authors: Wang Françoise
Published: October 2019

Maîtrisant parfaitement le mongol, le chinois et le tibétain, mGon-po skyabs est une figure marquante de la période de bouillonnement interculturel qui caractérise les débuts de la dynastie des Qing. Pour des raisons politiques, mais aussi par intérêt personnel, les premiers empereurs mandchous apportèrent un large soutien au bouddhisme tibétain. mGon-po skyabs fut particulièrement actif dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. À la base de toutes ses activités, on retrouve son intérêt pour le bouddhisme, qu'il s'agisse de doctrine, de pratique rituelle ou des grandes sciences périphériques telles que philologie, médecine, histoire ou art. Dans ces domaines, ce prince mongol fut souvent un précurseur ou du moins fit-il preuve d'une efficacité remarquable dans la diffusion des connaissances et des outils qui en permettaient la compréhension. il fut également, de façon plus ou moins consciente, un vecteur important dans la diffusion de nouveaux concepts politiques et idéologiques.
L’empereur Kangxi et les sciences : réflexion sur l’histoire comparée
Authors: Jami Catherine
Published: October 2019

La plupart des études comparées continuent de prendre l’Europe comme norme et modèle, et les sciences telles qu’elles s’y dont développées comme ayant seules une valeur universelle. Ainsi l’intérêt pour les sciences et la politique scientifique de Kangxi (r. 1662-1722) sont le plus souvent analysés comme une tentative assez malheureuse de reproduction du modèle européen, et plus précisément d’imitation de Louis XIV. L’article montre que cette interprétation – qui participe des descriptions négatives de la Chine en termes de tout ce qui lui manquerait pour être semblable à l’Europe – trouve sa source dans les descriptions des jésuites qui enseignaient les sciences à l’empereur. Il propose, en amont de la démarche comparative, une interprétation ancrée dans le contexte que donnent à voir les sources chinoises et mandchoues. C’est à partir de là que l’histoire comparée permet de comprendre les sciences comme partie intégrante des cultures dans lesquelles elles se développent plutôt que comme norme anhistorique.
Sinologie et politique. Autour d’Étienne Balazs (1905- 1963)
Authors: Aubin Françoise
Published: October 2019

Sinology and politics. On Étienne Balazs.

The posthumous reputation of Étienne Balazs (1905-1963) comes largely from his perceptive analysis of the characteristics of the elitist class who ruled the Chinese empire since the Song – an epoch which he deemed forerunner of modern times in China. For an attentive audience, it could appear in his teaching a veiled parallel with the totalitarianism of the communist regime recently installed in China. Now the discoveries allowed by Internet disclose the deeply humane commitment of this man hurt by life, follower of a deep-rooted anti-communism and of a libertarian ideology opposed to the state.
Legitimate, but Illegal: Case Studies of Civil Justice in Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors: Zhang Xiaoye
Published: October 2019

Officials in Ming and Qing China were not inclined to apply positive law in every civil lawsuit. Japanese scholars such as Shiga Sh z and Terada Hiroaki believe that all officials pursued a sense of propriety because they were deeply influenced by Chinese legal culture. However, I think it is necessary for us to reveal the historical course over which so-called Chinese legal culture has been shaped. This paper gives an analysis of the historical background of civil justice during the Ming and Qing dynasties through the examination of several cases which mainly occurred in Anhui and Hubei provinces. During the transition from the Tang to the Song, although the state permitted the privatization of fields, it never granted individual actors ownership in a legal sense. This particular historical ambiguity has cast a shadow over the ownership of land since the Song Dynasty : That is, land ownership had few legal provisions. What’s more, the subsequent transition to a tax-corvée system caused the state to have less accurate knowledge of households and, therefore, of land ownership. This particular historical background also threw a shadow on the common idea of ownership. The course of land-privatization implied the advantage of occupying the land without legal grant. People did not have a concept of absolute ownership and respect for private property. Confronted with such an unstable economic and legal situation, people during the Ming and Qing periods tried to protect their property by ascribing it to “ higher authorities” such as ancestors, gods, or even to legends. They made property claims in this fashion on an ever larger scale, eventually securing their rights. The means they adopted to emphasize their property rights and authority was the regular performance of various rituals. This conception of property rights was not made legible through any specific certificate. In other words, what the officials could do in civil cases was to analyze the legitimacy. It would be impossible for them to seek help from the legal code, and what they could give was not a judgment but only mediation or a moral lesson.
Un historien sur le banc des accusés : Liu Zhiji juge Wei Shou
Authors: Chaussende Damien
Published: October 2019

An historian in the dock : Liu Zhiji on Wei Shou.

In Liu Zhiji’s Generalities on History (Shitong 史 通 ), Wei Shou 魏 收 (506-572) appears to be the counter-model of the ideal historian. Judged as partial, unfair and servile to the political power that employed him (the Northern Qi), Wei Shou, author of the Book of Wei (Weishu 魏 書 ), is indeed the bugbear of the critic. The article examines the formal and ideological particularities of the Book of Wei, as brought out by Liu Zhiji 劉 知 幾 (661-721). The numerous comments of Liu Zhiji shows that the question of political legitimity, especially the antagonism Northern states vs Southern states, count for much in his judgements on the historical works of and on the Early Medieval period (220-589).
Le roi des médecins dans les manuscrits médicaux de Dunhuang : un titre indien dans la Chine médiévale
Authors: Ming Chen
Published: October 2019

敦 煌 醫 學 手 稿 中 的 醫 王 : 中 國 中 古 時 代 的 一 個 梵 文 頭 銜 陳 明 (戴 思 博 譯 )

醫 王 這 個 頭 銜 出 現 在 佛 經 裡 ， 並 且 經 常 與 耆 婆 (Jīvaka) 連 在 一 起 。 敦 煌 醫 學 手 稿 中 ， 有 四 部 張 仲 景 的 《 五 藏 論 》 裡 面 出 現 這 個 詞 。 但 是 該 頭 銜 並 不 存 在 於 唐 之 前 的 醫 學 文 獻 裡 。 本 文 討 論 敦 煌 文 獻 裡 醫 王 的 來 源 及 其 涵 義 ， 以 及 該 詞 在 其 他 文 獻 中 的 用 法 和 演 變 。 文 章 也 描 述 中 印 之 間 醫 學 文 化 的 關 係
Satélites, territorio y cultura: ARSAT y la geopolítica popular
Authors: Blinder Daniel , Hurtado de Mendoza Diego
Published: October 2019

Analizamos desde una perspectiva geopolítica crítica la política de comunicación satelital durante dos períodos delimitados por las trayectorias de las empresas NahuelSat y ARSAT. A partir del lugar específico de Argentina en la estructura jerárquica de la economía capitalista como país semiperiférico, nos enfocamos en las transformaciones cultural y geopolítica que acompañó las puestas en órbita de los dos satélites geoestacionarios ARSAT 1 y 2 –percibidas hoy como hitos tecnológicos nacionales–, el posicionamiento de Argentina como integrante de un selecto club de naciones, y el componente de geopolítica popular –constelación de imágenes y relatos que vinculan a estos satélites a un logro colectivo– que emerge de este proceso. Concluimos que, como contraste del pasado reciente de desintegración territorial, desindustrialización y pobreza que derivó en la crisis terminal de 2001, el programa ARSAT impulsa un proceso de resignificación del territorio argentino, de sus representaciones y los imaginarios asociados a las nociones de espacialidad, extensión y soberanía.
A rodovia Pan-Americana e o Tampão de Darién: integração continental e áreas protegidas em zona de fronteira
Authors: Pereira Carneiro Camilo , Reolon César Augusto , Portela João Pedro
Published: October 2019

A existência de áreas protegidas nas fronteiras é uma solução recorrente no sistema internacional para solucionar conflitos entre Estados vizinhos. Muitas vezes, os limites internacionais sofrem intervenções políticas, o que resulta em danos à fauna e flora endêmicas. Na América do Sul, o Tampão de Darién é um dos muito exemplos de estratégia geopolítica criada como solução de disputas em zonas de fronteira. Com a independência do Panamá, em 1903, a fronteira entre esse país e a Colômbia se converteu em uma zona-tampão de bosques que bloqueia o trajeto da rodovia Pan-Americana. A falta de conexão entre os dois países perdurou durante todo o século XX e ainda hoje uma solução não é vislumbrada, ainda que a partir do século XXI, projetos de integração sul-americana tenham recebido um grande impulso com iniciativas como a IIRSA-COSIPLAN. Essa iniciativa foi responsável por interações mais intensas entre os países da América do Sul. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo apresenta uma análise do processo recente de integração da América do Sul em uma área de fronteira estratégica (o Tampão de Darién) e enfoca uma rodovia vital para os interesses econômicos e sociais do continente (a rodovia Pan-Americana).
Mathematical model of the stress-strain state of belt with the load of tubular belt conveyer
Authors: Kyriia Ruslan Vissarionovych , Larionov Hryhorii Ivanovych , Larionov Mykola Hryhorovych
Published: October 2019

The article developed a mathematical model of the stress-strain state of a tubular conveyor belt filled with bulk load. In this case, the belt is considered as a thin elastic inextensible cylindrical shell, and the bulk load in the belt is in the limit state. A system of differential equilibrium equations for a tubular belt with a bulk load with respect to forces and bending moments in a belt was obtained, which, when simplified, was reduced to a fourth-order differential equation for belt deflections. Based on this mathematical model, analytical dependencies of the deflections of the tubular conveyor belt on the parameters of the conveyor, the radius and properties of the belt, as well as the properties of the bulk load are obtained and analyzed. As a result, the maximum allowable distance between the roller supports of the tubular conveyor is determined. It was found that the allowable distance between the roller bearings is directly proportional to the tension of the belt and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the belt and the bulk weight of the load. The research results can be used in the design of tubular belt conveyors transporting bulk load.
The computer System for coulostatic experiments. The adsorption measurements unit
Authors: Kapitonov Oleksandr Heorhiiovych
Published: October 2019

Mathematical model and corresponding computer application for determination of adsorption characteristics in coulostatic experiments on solid electrodes were developed. The model simulates coulostatic relaxation of the electrodes' potential while adsorption is considered as slow stage. Impact of the surface inhomogeneity on potential curves behavior is discussed.Kinetic and adsorption parameters of the electrode reactions under investigation were determined with use of an automated measuring system.Model's adequacy was checked by comparison of real experimental data with output of computer simulation. Routines described above were developed as procedures of specialized unit within computer system for coulostatic measurements. Use of uniform data during the whole cycle of experiment series makes the simulation process more convenient for researcher and more effective with regard to time of calculation as well as reliability of results.
GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PROCESSING “BIG DATA” BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: Syrotkina Olena Ihorivna , Aleksieiev Mykhailo Oleksandrovych , Udovyk Iryna Mykhailivna
Published: October 2019

This article addresses the subject of creating mathematical methods in order to optimize time and computing resources when processing “big data.” One of the ways of solving this problem is the creation of NoSQL systems, an advantage of which is the flexibility of data models as well as the possibility of horizontal scaling, parallel processing and the speed of obtaining results. From the viewpoint of “big data” analysis, there have been other methods developed such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, distributed processing of streams and events, and visual data research technology.Furthermore, the aim of the research is to develop mathematical methods for processing “big data” based on the system analysis of the data structure properties known as “m-tuples based on ordered sets of arbitrary cardinality (OSAC).”The data structure “m-tuples based on OSAC” is the Boolean, which is ordered by right-side enumeration of the elements of the basis set with cardinality n from the lower boundary of the possible change of the index value for each element of the tuple to the upper one. We formulated certain properties for the data structure investigated. These properties result from rules of logic when forming this structure. We also described mathematical methods based on these properties. Boolean graphs are illustrated with drawings and the outlined vertices of the graph correspond to the declared properties of the given data structure. We derived analytical dependencies to determine these Boolean elements. These Boolean elements do not require the execution of algorithms that implement the particular operations of intersection, union, and membership because the desired result is already determined by these properties.The properties of the data structure in question with regards to m-tuples based on OSAC allow us to determine some interdependencies between m-tuples by their location in the structure. Their location is determined by a pair of indices (j, m) without executing computing algorithms. In this case, the time estimate for obtaining results changes from a cubic O(n3) to linear O(n) dependency.
GÜVENE DAYALI ÇALIŞMA SÜRESİ (VERTRAUENSARBEITSZEIT)
Authors: GÜNEŞ Volkan
Published: October 2019

Teknolojik gelişmeler, gündelik hayatı olduğu gibi çalışma hayatını da

etkilemektedir. Bu gelişmeler, gerek yeni çalışma biçimleri gerekse de çalışma süreleri

bakımından esnek modelleri hızla uygulamaya kazandırmaktadır. Mevcut hukuk

kurallarının bu esnek modeller karşısındaki durumu, bir an evvel ele alınmalıdır.

Bu doğrultuda Almanya’da ortaya çıkan ve yaygın olarak uygulanan esnek

çalışma süresi modellerinin en ileri görünümü olan güvene dayalı çalışma süresi

(Vertrauensarbeitszeit) bu çalışmanın konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Güvene dayalı çalışma

süresinin Türk hukukunda geçerli olarak kararlaştırılıp kararlaştırılamayacağı

incelenirken İsviçre hukukunda yapılan gerçek ve gerçek olmayan güvene dayalı

çalışma süresi ayrımı esas alınmış, bunlar bakımından çalışma süresi kaydına ilişkin

mevcut düzenlemelerin bir sınır teşkil edip etmeyeceği ve bu bağlamda ortaya çıkması

muhtemel ispat hukuku sorunları üzerinde durulmuştur
KONKORDATONUN, ÇEKLE İLGİLİ “KARŞILIKSIZDIR” İŞLEMİ YAPILMASINA SEBEBİYET VERME SUÇUNDAN KAYNAKLI CEZAÎ SORUMLULUĞA ETKİSİ
Authors: KARAKEHYA Hakan , BORAN GÜNEYSU Nilüfer
Published: October 2019

Kanun koyucunun ekonomiye yön verme ya da ekonomik sıkıntıları aşma

amacıyla getirdiği bazı hukukî düzenlemeler, ceza hukuku alanında da önemli

sonuçlar doğurabilmektedir. Konkordatoya ilişkin İcra ve İfl âs Kanunu’nda yer alan

düzenlemeler de bu tür bir etkiye sahiptir. Kural olarak, konkordato mühleti içinde

borçlunun borçlarına ilişkin icra takibi yapılamamaktadır. Üstelik bu borçlarla

ilgili olarak faiz de işlememektedir. Bu çalışmada, konkordato süreci öncesinde veya

süreç içerisinde vadesi gelen çeklerinin durumu ve çeki ödeyemediği için konkordato

sürecinde olan borçlu hakkında, “karşılıksızdır” işlemi yapılmasına sebebiyet verme

suçundan cezaî sorumluluğu değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Makalenin temel amacı,

konkordatoya ilişkin hükümlerin çekle ilgili “karşılıksızdır” işlemi yapılmasına

sebebiyet verme suçundan doğacak cezaî sorumluluğa etkilerini irdelemektir. 
SOSYAL ADALET KAVRAMININ BAZI TEMEL HAKLAR İLE CEZA VE VERGİ ADALETİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ZENGİN Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2019

Sosyal adalet kavramı bazı temel haklar bakımından önemli etkilere sahiptir.

Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda çocuk hakları, sağlık hakkı, çevre hakkı ve cinsiyete

bağlı ayrımcılık yasağı ele alınırken güncel tartışmalara ve görüşlere yer verilmiştir.

Sosyal adalet konusu çok sayıda temel hak bakımından ele alınabilir. Ancak konu

iki gerekçeyle bazı temel haklarla sınırlandırılmıştır. Çocuk hakları ve cinsiyete

dayalı ayrım yasağının tercih edilmesinde, ortaya çıkan sorunların toplumun büyük

bir kesimini ilgilendirmesi ve bu alanlarda sosyal adaletin sağlanmasına duyulan

ihtiyacın boyutu etkili olmuştur. Yine sağlık hakkı ve çevre hakkının tercih edilmesinde,

güncel gelişmelerin varlığı ve sosyal adalet açısından bu hakların yeni yeni tartışılıyor

olması etkili olmuştur. Öte yandan vergi ve ceza konusundaki hukuki düzenlemelerin

sosyal adalet ihtiyacını tatmin edecek şekilde tesis edilebilmeleri beklentisi, konunun

bu alanlar bakımından ele alınmasında etkili olmuştur. Vergi ve ceza alanına dair

hukuk kuralları tesis edilirken, sosyal adaletin sağlanması da önemli bir hedeftir.

Ceza adaleti ve vergi adaleti, sosyal adaletin sağlanmasında önemli ve olumlu bir

etki meydana getirmektedir.
ESKİ KİRACIYA YENİDEN KİRAYA VERME ZORUNLULUĞU
Authors: GÜL İbrahim
Published: October 2019

Konut ve çatılı işyerleri kira sözleşmesinin kiraya veren tarafından sona

erdirilmesi halinde kiraya verenin, eski kiracısıyla yeniden kira sözleşmesi yapmaya

zorlandığı söylenebilir. Gerçekten kiraya veren, gereksinim amacıyla kiralananın

boşaltılmasını sağladığında, haklı sebep olmaksızın, kiralananı üç yıl geçmedikçe

eski kiracısından başkasına kiralayamaz. Bunun gibi esaslı onarım amacıyla

boşaltılan kiralanan, haklı sebep olmaksızın üç yıl geçmedikçe başkasına eski hâli ile

kiralanamaz. Ayrıca eski kiracının, yeniden inşa ve imarı gerçekleştirilen kiralananı

yeni durumu ve yeni kira bedeli ile kiralama konusunda öncelik hakkı vardır. Eski

kiracının bu öncelikle kiralama hakkı sonlandırılmadıkça, kiralanan üç yıl geçmeden

başkasına kiralanamaz. Bütün bu durumlarda kiraya verenin sözleşmenin karşı

tarafını seçme özgürlüğüne kısıtlama getirildiği söylenebilir. İşbu makale ile kiraya

verenin eski kiracısına kiraya verme zorunluluğunun şartları açıklanmaktadır.