bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Routes of Administration and Drug Tampering for Nonmedical Opioid Consumption: Data Mining and Content Analysis of Reddit Discussions (Preprint)
Authors: Balsamo Duilio , Bajardi Paolo , Salomone Alberto , Schifanella Rossano
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The complex unfolding of the US opioid epidemic in the last 20 years has been the subject of a large body of medical and pharmacological research, and it has sparked a multidisciplinary discussion on how to implement interventions and policies to effectively control its impact on public health.

OBJECTIVE

This study leverages Reddit, a social media platform, as the primary data source to investigate the opioid crisis. We aimed to find a large cohort of Reddit users interested in discussing the use of opioids, trace the temporal evolution of their interest, and extensively characterize patterns of the nonmedical consumption of opioids, with a focus on routes of administration and drug tampering.

METHODS

We used a semiautomatic information retrieval algorithm to identify subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid consumption and developed a methodology based on word embedding to find alternative colloquial and nonmedical terms referring to opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug-tampering methods. We modeled the preferences of adoption of substances and routes of administration, estimating their prevalence and temporal unfolding. Ultimately, through the evaluation of odds ratios based on co-mentions, we measured the strength of association between opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering.

RESULTS

We identified 32 subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid usage from 2014 to 2018 and observed the evolution of interest among over 86,000 Reddit users potentially involved in firsthand opioid usage. We learned the language model of opioid consumption and provided alternative vocabularies for opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering. A data-driven taxonomy of nonmedical routes of administration was proposed. We modeled the temporal evolution of interest in opioid consumption by ranking the popularity of the adoption of opioid substances and routes of administration, observing relevant trends, such as the surge in synthetic opioids like fentanyl and an increasing interest in rectal administration. In addition, we measured the strength of association between drug tampering, routes of administration, and substance consumption, finding evidence of understudied abusive behaviors, like chewing fentanyl patches and dissolving buprenorphine sublingually.

CONCLUSIONS

This work investigated some important consumption-related aspects of the opioid epidemic using Reddit data. We believe that our approach may provide a novel perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of nonmedical abuse of opioids substances and inform the prevention, treatment, and control of the public health effects.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Building Resilience With the JoyPop App: Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: MacIsaac Angela , Mushquash Aislin R , Mohammed Shakira , Grassia Elizabeth , Smith Savanah , Wekerle Christine
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health, self-regulatory capacities, and overall resilience are well-known. Given such effects, ACEs may play a role in how individuals adjust to challenges later in life. Of interest in this study is the transition to university, a time of heightened stress when adapting to circumstances is required and when those with ACEs may need additional in-the-moment support to exercise resilience. A smartphone app may provide a worthwhile and readily accessible medium for a resilience intervention, provided behavioral outcomes are adequately evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluates the impact of an innovative, smartphone app–based resilience intervention. The JoyPop app was designed to promote resilience through the use of self-regulatory skills such as emotion regulation and executive functioning. Among a sample of first-year undergraduate students, we explored whether use of the app would be associated with positive changes in resilience and related outcomes, and whether these benefits were influenced by level of childhood adversity.

METHODS

Participants (N=156) were requested to use the JoyPop app for 4 weeks, at least twice daily. Changes in resilience, emotion regulation, executive functioning, and depression were assessed after 2 and 4 weeks of app usage using multilevel modeling.

RESULTS

The sample of 156 participants included 123 females and 33 males, with a mean age of 19.02 years (SD 2.90). On average participants used the app on 20.43 of the possible 28 days (SD 7.14). App usage was associated with improvements in emotion regulation (χ21=44.46; P<.001), such that it improved by 0.25 points on the 18-point scale for each additional day of app usage, and symptoms of depression (χ21=25.12; P<.001), such that depression symptoms were reduced by .08 points on the 9-point scale with each additional day of app usage. An interaction between ACEs and days of app usage existed for emotion regulation, such that participants with more adversity evidenced a faster rate of change in emotion regulation (P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Results highlight that daily incorporation of an app-based resilience intervention can help youth who have experienced adversity to improve emotion regulation skills and experience reductions in depression. The JoyPop app represents an important step forward in the integration of resilience intervention research with a technology-based medium that provides in-the-moment support.
Impacts of Low-cost Robotic Pets for Older Adults and People With Dementia: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Koh Wei Qi , Ang Faith Xin Hui , Casey Dympna
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Older adults and people with dementia are particularly vulnerable to social isolation. Social robots, including robotic pets, are promising technological interventions that can benefit the psychosocial health of older adults and people with dementia. However, issues such as high costs can lead to a lack of equal access and concerns about infection control. Although there are previous reviews on the use of robotic pets for older adults and people with dementia, none have included or had a focus on low-cost and familiarly and realistically designed pet robots.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to synthesize evidence on the delivery and impact of low-cost, familiarly and realistically designed interactive robotic pets for older adults and people with dementia.

METHODS

The Arksey and O’Malley framework was used to guide this review. First, the research question was identified. Second, searches were conducted on five electronic databases and Google Scholar. Studies were selected using a two-phase screening process, where two reviewers independently screened and extracted data using a standardized data extraction form. Finally, the results were discussed, categorized, and presented narratively.

RESULTS

A total of 9 studies were included in the review. Positive impacts related to several psychosocial domains, including mood and affect, communication and social interaction, companionship, and other well-being outcomes. Issues and concerns associated with its use included misperceptions of the robotic pets as a live animal, ethical issues of attachment, negative reactions by users, and other pragmatic concerns such as hygiene and cost.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the findings resonate with previous studies that investigated the effectiveness of other social robots, demonstrating the promise of these low-cost robotic pets in addressing the psychosocial needs of older adults and people with dementia. The affordability of these robotic pets appeared to influence the practicalities of real-world use, such as intervention delivery and infection control, which are especially relevant in light of COVID-19. Moving forward, studies should also consider comparing the effects of these low-cost robots with other robotic pets.
Correction: Electronic Cognitive Screen Technology for Screening Older Adults With Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Community Setting: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Joyce , Wong Adrian , Yiu Brian , Mok Hazel , Lam Patti , Kwan Pauline , Chan Amany , Mok Vincent C T , Tsoi Kelvin K F , Kwok Timothy C Y
Published: January 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The Acknowledgments revised to:
We thank Professor JE Morley, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA, who invented the Rapid cognitive screen, for having agreed to let us adapt it into an online version suited for older Chinese people in Hong Kong. We appreciate the support of the Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing for the contribution of design, development, and assistance in data collection. We appreciate the support from a local software company Mindvivid Limited to assist in software development of the EC-Screen. We also thanks Ms. Anthea Ng, research assistant of the Division of Neurology, for her help in data collection and entry.
Assessing Physicians’ Recall Bias of Work Hours With a Mobile App: Interview and App-Recorded Data Comparison (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Han , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have shown inconsistencies in the accuracy of self-reported work hours. However, accurate documentation of work hours is fundamental for the formation of labor policies. Strict work-hour policies decrease medical errors, improve patient safety, and promote physicians’ well-being.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to estimate physicians’ recall bias of work hours with a mobile app, and to examine the association between the recall bias and physicians’ work hours.

METHODS

We quantified recall bias by calculating the differences between the app-recorded and self-reported work hours of the previous week and the penultimate week. We recruited 18 physicians to install the “Staff Hours” app, which automatically recorded GPS-defined work hours for 2 months, contributing 1068 person-days. We examined the association between work hours and two recall bias indicators: (1) the difference between self-reported and app-recorded work hours and (2) the percentage of days for which work hours were not precisely recalled during interviews.

RESULTS

App-recorded work hours highly correlated with self-reported counterparts (r=0.86-0.88, P<.001). Self-reported work hours were consistently significantly lower than app-recorded hours by –8.97 (SD 8.60) hours and –6.48 (SD 8.29) hours for the previous week and the penultimate week, respectively (both P<.001). The difference for the previous week was significantly correlated with work hours in the previous week (r=–0.410, P=.01), whereas the correlation of the difference with the hours in the penultimate week was not significant (r=–0.119, P=.48). The percentage of hours not recalled (38.6%) was significantly higher for the penultimate week (38.6%) than for the first week (16.0%), and the former was significantly correlated with work hours of the penultimate week (r=0.489, P=.002)

CONCLUSIONS

Our study identified the existence of recall bias of work hours, the extent to which the recall was biased, and the influence of work hours on recall bias.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Risk of 30-Day Adverse Cardiac Events After Invasive Coronary Treatment: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Kwon Osung , Na Wonjun , Kang Heejun , Jun Tae Joon , Kweon Jihoon , Park Gyung-Min , Cho YongHyun , Hur Cinyoung , Chae Jungwoo , Kang Do-Yoon , Lee Pil Hyung , Ahn Jung-Min , Park Duk-Woo , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung , Yang Dong Hyun , Kim Young-Hak
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Although there is a growing interest in prediction models based on electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify patients at risk of adverse cardiac events following invasive coronary treatment, robust models fully utilizing EMR data are limited.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models by using diverse fields of EMR to predict the risk of 30-day adverse cardiac events after percutaneous intervention or bypass surgery.

METHODS

EMR data of 5,184,565 records of 16,793 patients at a quaternary hospital between 2006 and 2016 were categorized into static basic (eg, demographics), dynamic time-series (eg, laboratory values), and cardiac-specific data (eg, coronary angiography). The data were randomly split into training, tuning, and testing sets in a ratio of 3:1:1. Each model was evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation and with an external EMR-based cohort at a tertiary hospital. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and feedforward neural network (FNN) algorithms were applied. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following invasive treatment.

RESULTS

GBM showed the best performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.99; RF had a similar AUROC of 0.98. AUROCs of FNN and LR were 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. GBM had the highest area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.80, and the AUPRCs of RF, LR, and FNN were 0.73, 0.68, and 0.63, respectively. All models showed low Brier scores of <0.1 as well as highly fitted calibration plots, indicating a good fit of the ML-based models. On external validation, the GBM model demonstrated maximal performance with an AUROC of 0.90, while FNN had an AUROC of 0.85. The AUROCs of LR and RF were slightly lower at 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. The AUPRCs of GBM, LR, and FNN were similar at 0.47, 0.43, and 0.41, respectively, while that of RF was lower at 0.33. Among the categories in the GBM model, time-series dynamic data demonstrated a high AUROC of >0.95, contributing majorly to the excellent results.

CONCLUSIONS

Exploiting the diverse fields of the EMR data set, the ML-based 30-day adverse cardiac event prediction models demonstrated outstanding results, and the applied framework could be generalized for various health care prediction models.
Correction: Predictors and Consequences of Veterans Affairs Mental Health Provider Burnout: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zivin Kara , Kononowech Jennifer , Boden Matthew , Abraham Kristen , Harrod Molly , Sripada Rebecca K , Kales Helen C , Garcia Hector A , Pfeiffer Paul
Published: January 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Evaluation of Reservoir Capacity and Reliability for urban water purpose in Dili, Timor Leste
Authors: Takeleb Aderita Mariana , Sujono Joko , Jayadi Rachmad
Published: January 2021

Water shortages has an impact on all aspects of life in Dili, Timor Leste. To support the government vision and program in water sector, a study on the developing of water resource management strategies has been carried out. The priority strategy has resulted that is developing water resource infrastructure to meet urban water demand. One action plan of this strategy is to build reservoir infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the construction of small or large reservoir to meet the water demand in Dili. Evaluation of the strategy implementation plan of the reservoirs development in the Beemos and Becora Rivers through analysis of the reliability and capacity of the reservoir using a simulation model of water release standard operating rules method. Water balance simulation results show that the reliability of clean water services from the two small reservoirs of Beemos and Becora cannot reach 100%, due to the limited capacity of the reservoir. The results of capacity optimization of large Beemos Reservoir show that the potential for inflow can be utilized 90%, therefore it can meet urban water demand until 2030. Although the simulation results show a good indication, the government still must carry out a detailed feasibility study in the upstream area before it is implemented. The developing of large reservoir can be recommended for implemented in the development of water resources to meet water demand in Dili therefore can support the Timor Leste's targets or vision in the water sector and the Sustainable Development Goals in the clean water and sanitation sector.
Regional Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Using L-Moment Method as A Design Rainfall Prediction
Authors: Mayasari Devita
Published: January 2021

Frequency analysis is a method for predicting the probability of future hydrological events based on historical data. Frequency analysis of rain data and discharge data is generally carried out using the moment method, but the moment method has a large bias, variant, and slope so that it has the potential to produce inaccurate hydrological design magnitudes. The L-moment method is a linear combination of Probability Weighted Moment which processes data in a concise and linear manner. This research was conducted that L-moment method will obtain a regional probability distribution and design rainfall which can be used as a basis for calculating hydrological planning in anticipation of disasters. The location of the study in Mount Merapi area was chosen in order to more accurately predict the maximum rainfall that could cause cold lava in the area to reduce the risk of loss to the people living around Mount Merapi. The results showed that the entire rainfall stations homogeneous and no data was released. The L-moment regional ratio results τ2R  = 0.203, τ3R = 0.166, dan τ4R  = 0.169. The homogeneity and heterogeneity tests show that all rainfall stations are uniform or homogeneous. No data were released from the discordance test results. Growth factor value increases in each design rainfall return periods. The regional probability distribution that is suitable for the research area is Generalized Logistic distribution with design rainfall equation has been formulated. Test model showed the minimum RBias = 0.45%, maximum RBias = 41.583%, minimum RRSME = 0.45%, and maximum RRSME = 71.01%. The stability of L-moment method showed by model test minimum error = 1.64% and maximum error = 16.60%.
PEMBUAT IDEAL MENDASAR (BASIC IDEALIZERS)
Authors: Khoirunnisa Kholida , Wijayanti Indah Emilia , Sutopo Sutopo
Published: January 2021

Diberikan ring S dan ideal kanan A. Dapat dibangun subring terbesar di S sedemikian sehingga A merupakan ideal dua sisi di subring tersebut. Struktur ini disebut pembuat ideal dan dinotasikan dengan R=I_S(A). Di dalam paper ini akan dibahas pembuat ideal dari ideal kanan isomaksimal generatif yang selanjutnya disebut pembuat ideal mendasar. Modul atas ring S dapat dipandang sebagai modul atas subring R. Modul atas ring S dapat dipandang sebagai modul atas subring R. Untuk sebarang subring R, beberapa sifat modulnya seperti sifat proyektif dan sifat sederhana tidak diawetkan ketika mengganti ring tumpuannya. Lebih lanjut, ditunjukkan bahwa jika R pembuat ideal mendasar, sifat-sifat ini diawetkan.Let S be a ring and A be a right ideal. We can construct the largest subring of S in which A be two sided ideal. This structure is called idealizer and denoted by R=I_S(A). In this paper we discuss idealizer of generative isomaximal right ideals that is called basic idealizer. Module over S can be viewed as modules over subring R. For arbitrary subrings R, some properties of modules such as projective dan simple are not preserved between when changing the ring. Furthermore, we show that under condition that R is basic idealizer, these properties are preserved.
Toward International Standard: The Role of Village Tourism Awareness Group in Homestay Development of Kemiren Village
Authors: Mbulu Yustisia Pasfatima , Gunadi I Made Adhi
Published: January 2021

This research aims to analyze the role of Pokdarwis in homestay development, analyze the quality of the homestay with the ASEAN Homestay Standard criteria, and analyze challenges and opportunities in developing a homestay. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation and direct interviews. This study also conducted FGDs with homestay owners, the Head of the Kemiren Traditional Village, Pokdarwis, the Head of Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi Disbudpar, Dancers, PKK, and NGOs. The result of this research is the role of Pokdarwis as a Motivator, Communicator, and Driving Force. The quality of a homestay meets elements of the criteria of the host, activities, location, marketing & promotion, and sustainability principles. Meanwhile, elements of Safety & Security Criteria, Management, Accommodation, Cleanliness & Cleanliness still need to be improved. Challenges in terms of marketing & promotion, management, cleanliness & hygiene, and security & safety still need to be improved. The opportunity is enormous because it has all aspects to meet the accommodation standards of ASEAN-Class Homestay.
Status of Agri-Tourism Business in Central Luzon, Philippines: Basis for Development Plan
Authors: Esguerra Imee De Guzman
Published: January 2021

This study's main objective is to describe farmers' profile that venture into agri-tourism business, analyze the status of their business operation, determine the best practices and problems encountered by agri-tourism businesses in Central Luzon, which served as basis in crafting a development plan. The descriptive research method using a purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the target respondents who were surveyed and interviewed using two separate sets of modified survey questionnaires. Agritourism businesses were accessible, family-run farms, affiliated with tourism and agriculture-related organizations, and compliant with required facilities and safety measures. Visitors were from all walks of life and came from within and outside the country. Classes, seminars, workshop, and tours were their top service offerings. Trust and confidence, referral system, hands-on operation, and strict financial monitoring were the identified best practices. At the same time, labour shortage, being still a niche market, price fluctuation, seasonality of farm products and services, insufficient staff skills, and significant capital requirements were the problems in running agri-tourism farms.
Entrepreneurship Orientation and Holistic Marketing Mix in Creating Competitive Advantages Bumdes
Authors: Winata I Gusti Ketut Adi , Sanjaya Ni Made Wulan Sari , Astana I Gusti Made Oka
Published: January 2021

Bumdes is a company in a village that needs to establish a competitive advantage. This is because there are many similar businesses throughout Buleleng district. This study aims to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and holistic marketing mix as a source of competitive advantage for BUMDes Buleleng Regency. The data analysis technique used in this study is the SEM GeSCA method. The results showed entrepreneurial orientation has no direct influence on competitive advantage, but the indirect effect through a holistic marketing mix. The competitive advantage of Bumdes in Buleleng district can be created through the development of an entrepreneurial orientation which is translated into marketing activities.
Microplastic ingestion and feeding ecology in three intertidal mollusk species from Lima, Peru
Authors: De-la-Torre Gabriel Enrique , Apaza-Vargas Diego Marcelo , Luis Santillán Luis
Published: January 2021

Microplastics (< 5 mm) are ubiquitous contaminants in the marine environment. The aims of the present study were to report the incidence of microplastic pollution in three mollusk species from the coast of Lima and to investigate the relationship between microplastic ingestion and feeding ecology. Specimens of three mollusk species Semimytilus algosus, Tegula atra and Chiton granosus were sampled from the intertidal rocky zone. For microplastic isolation, soft tissues were digested in 10% KOH, vacuum filtrated and analyzed under a microscope. Rigorous contamination prevention measures were taken into account. C. granosus was the most contaminated mollusk (6.92 ± 2.13 particles g-1). Red fibers were the overall most abundant microplastic. The feeding behavior of T. atra promotes microplastic exposure to C. granosus. More research is needed to fully understand the microplastic effects on mollusk species.
O misticismo na obra de Theo Angelopoulos: Um estudo de A eternidade e um dia (1998)
Authors: Couto Carlos eduardo mendes de araújo
Published: January 2021

A obra tardia do cineasta Theodoros Angelopoulos, desenvolvida na década de 1990, possui atributos políticos e humanos já percebidos e decifrados tanto pela crítica quanto pela academia. Todavia, notamos também em seus filmes um aspecto místico ainda não explorado em nenhum desses meios. O objetivo desse artigo é caracterizar a experiência mística em uma determinada produção do realizador grego. Nosso objeto de estudo será a obra A Eternidade e um dia (Mia aioniotita kai mia mera, 1998). Usaremos como suporte teórico autores como Robert Charles Zaehner, Steven Katz, Paul Schrader e Frederico Pieper.
Da série Pulsantes: Performance orientada para fotografia
Authors: Moura Evna
Published: January 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir teoricamente sobre o trabalho com performance desenvolvido na região do município de Belém/PA. Busca compreender os modos de subjetivação relacionados às ilhas no entorno da cidade – mais especificadamente na Ilha de Cotijuba – e suas narrativas de cultura amazônica e identidade do seu passado ancestral na construção de seu presente. Explorando estes espaços de vivências, me absorvo para a compreensão da produção imagética desta pesquisa e para as potencialidades presentes em conexões com relações que se estabelecem por meio da intervenção intencional da narrativa.
Ykamyabas: poéticas de um corpo-território
Authors: Aguiar Renata
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo percorre o corpo-território de rios e terras de uma Amazônia vivida e imaginada, lugar de origem e afeto que, contando as histórias das Ykamyabas – tribo de mulheres sem maridos que viviam na região do baixo amazonas –, colhe os vestígios deixados por seu imaginário mítico na relação arquetípica da mulher selvagem em narrativas que chegam principalmente pela oralidade, de modos de vida que subvertem a cisão do mundo operada pelos dualismos cultura/natureza, masculino/feminino, corpo/mente. Para articular cenas e, a partir da fotografia, reconstruir realidades, em um conhecimento revelado pelo fato mítico do sonho, do fazer-se artista, da subjetividade investida de corpo, plantando pistas para outros mundos possíveis.
Nas conversas e nos silêncios: memórias inundadas por Belo Monte
Authors: Reis Camila do Socorro Aranha dos
Published: January 2021

As ruínas de Santo Antônio e suas memórias inundadas revelam o processo de perda do espaço afetivo. A hidrelétrica de Belo Monte construída no Pará, em funcionamento desde 2016, é um símbolo da “modernidade” da Amazônia. Neste projeto nacional, as populações mais vulneráveis foram excluídas. Em busca por memórias georreferenciadas na região e na resistência social, realizei uma investigação sobre a história da agrovila Santo Antônio narrada através das memórias das famílias expulsas pela barragem, tratadas conceitualmente como memórias inundadas. Nesta extinta comunidade, moraram cerca de 60 famílias. Encontrei antigos moradores que compartilharam suas reconstruções simbólicas sobre o vivido naquele espaço.
[r]Existo! Coletivo Madeirista
Authors: Madeirista Coletivo
Published: January 2021

[r]Existo! é fruto de um trabalho fotográfico do Coletivo Madeirista durante a enchente do Rio Madeira em 2014, a maior de todas nos cem últimos anos, no qual são registrados o avanço das águas e depois a retomada, por parte da população, de suas próprias casas. No ano de 2015, as imagens da cheia retornaram, não com a mesma intensidade, mas trazendo a mesma problemática. Daí a importância desse [r]Existo! O Coletivo Madeirista, grupo de artistas e pensadores que se reúne desde 2001 para produzir e discutir arte contemporânea, literatura e poesia, está sediado em Porto Velho. Suas publicações, net.art, poesia visual, performances, intervenções urbanas e videoarte refletem sobre o estatuto da arte na sociedade contemporânea.
Understanding the job-hopping syndrome among millennial employees in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector: a national survey
Authors: Tetteh Iuliia , Spaulding Aslihan , Ptukhina Marina
Published: January 2021

A company’s ability to retain its employees is one of the pillars of long-term success for any business. For this reason, employee retention and employment continuity have been topics of interest among researchers in business, human capital and psychology fields. By 2025, millennials will constitute approximately 40% of the U.S. workforce. The existing research suggests that 60% of millennial employees will leave their employer within three years from their start date imposing significant costs on the company to re-hire and train new employees. These challenges can be even more significant in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector, where a growing global demand for food and fiber increases demand for talent. Therefore, this study uses a national-level survey of millennial employees who work in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector to: (1) explore the frequency of job-hopping; (2) identify job-related factors influencing their decision to stay with their current employer; and (3) evaluate how these factors impact millennial employees’ frequency of job-hopping. The findings indicate that the job-hopping is indeed observed in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector but to a lesser degree compared to non-agriculture sectors. The number one reason for leaving or considering leaving their current employer was the lack of opportunities for career growth and advancement. These findings show that employers need to focus on meeting the employees’ not only short-term but also long-term career goals, as well as work-life balance, relationship with management, health care benefits to increase employment continuity and reduce job-hopping.
Rural extension and technical efficiency in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Authors: de Freitas Carlos Otavio , de Figueiredo Silva Felipe , Braga Marcelo Jose , de Carvalho Reis Neves Mateus
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we identify the effect of rural extension on the productive performance of Brazilian agricultural establishments, using technical efficiency as a measure of farm performance. The data used is drawn from the microdata of the 2006 Agricultural Census, accessed directly from the IBGE secrecy room. For this, we use an approach that combines the stochastic production frontier, considering selection bias in the adoption of rural extension (Heckman’s approach) and entropy balancing. We find that rural extension increases efficiency in the use of the productive inputs, with more technical efficiency found among adopting producers than non-adopters. When considering the differences according to farm size, an even greater effect is observed for larger producers. In addition, public rural extension generates higher technical efficiency scores than those obtained by privately-operated establishments.
Distribusi Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Habitat Perkembangbiakan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti serta Indeks Pupa pada Daerah Endemis dan Non Endemis di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Wila Ruben Wadu , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has spread in 34 provinces and 463 districts/cities. The Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF in East Sumba Regency in 2016 was 28.84 and 2017 increased to 55.28/100,000 population. The descriptive research was to describe the pattern of the spread of DHF cases and the habitat for the proliferation of DHF vectors and index pupae in the DHF endemic and non-endemic areas.The results showed that the Nearest Neighbor Ratio value in endemic areas was 0.292003 and in non-endemic areas was 0.718375. Moreover, the house pupae index was 53.3% and 41.0%, respectively The number of pupae/houses in endemic areas was 16.9 pupae/house, and in non-endemic areas was 11.9 pupae per house. The average pupae in each container in endemic areas were 3.6 pupae/container and sporadic areas were 2.2 pupae/container. The pupae/person value in endemic areas was 3.5 pupae/person and non-endemic areas was 2.2 pupae/person. The study concluded that there was a spatial relationship between DHF cases and DHF vector habitat with cluster distribution patterns. The number of pupae per house and pupae per person is still above the threshold value for DHF transmission in both endemic and non endemic areas.

Keywords: DHF, endemicity, habitat, pupae index, East Sumba

Abstrak

DBD di Indonesia telah menyebar di 34 provinsi dan 463 kabupaten/Kota. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD pada tahun 2015 sebesar 89,37/100.000 penduduk dan menurun pada tahun 2016 menjadi 78,85/100.000 penduduk. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD di Kabupaten Sumba Timur tahun 2016 sebesar 28,84 dan 2017 meningkat menjadi 55,28/100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pola penyebaran kasus DBD dan habitat perkembangbiakan vektor DBD serta pupa indeks di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, NTT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Nearest Neighbour Ratio daerah endemis sebesar 0,292003, dan pada daerah non endemis sebesar 0,718375. House pupae index pada daerah endemis sebesar 53,3 % dan daerah non endemis 41,0%. Jumlah pupae/rumah pada daerah endemis lebih besar yaitu 16,9 pupae/rumah dan daerah non endemis sebanyak 11,9 pupae per rumah. Rata-rata pupae pada setiap container pada daerah endemis sebanyak 3,6 pupae/container dan daerah sporadis sebesar 2,2 pupae/container. Nilai pupae/person pada daerah endemis sebesar 3,5 pupae/person dan daerah non endemis 2,2 pupae/person. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat hubungan spasial antara kasus DBD dan habitat vektor DBD dengan pola penyebaran cluster. Jumlah pupa per rumah dan pupa per orang masih di atas nilai ambang batas penularan DBD baik pada daerah endemis maupun non endemis.

Kata kunci: DBD endemisitas, habitat, pupa indeks, Sumba Timur
The Beginning of a Study of Biopower: Foucault’s 1978 Lectures at the Collège de France
Authors: Erlenbusch-Anderson Verena
Published: January 2021

While Foucault introduced the 1978 lecture course Security, Territory, Population as a study of biopower, the reception of the lectures has largely focused on other concepts, such as governmentality, security, liberalism, and counter-conduct. This paper situates the lecture course within the larger context of Foucault’s development of an analytics of power to explore in what sense Security, Territory, Population can be said to constitute a study of biopower. I argue that the 1978 course is best understood as a continuation-through-transformation of Foucault’s earlier work. It revisits familiar material to supplement Foucault’s microphysics of power, which he traced in institutions like prisons or asylums and with regard to its effects on the bodies of individuals, with a genealogy of practices of power that target the biological life of the population and give rise to the modern state.
BOXEO AMATEUR ESPAÑOL: ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN HASTA LOS JUEGOS OLÍMPICOS DE TOKIO-1964
Authors: Calle-Molina María-Teresa , Martínez-Gorroño María Eugenia
Published: January 2021

Esta investigação recupera os fatos e circunstâncias históricas que envolveram o boxe desde a sua origem nas estruturas federativas espanholas até a participação espanhola nos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio, em 1964. Este trabalho historiográfico utilizou análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas para recuperar e contrastar informações dos arquivos institucionais, pessoais e jornalísticos, recolhendo informação inédita do arquivo pessoal e da entrevista de um boxeador participante em Tóquio-64. Madrid e Barcelona promoveram a prática pugilística na Espanha nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. A chegada dos boxeadores estrangeiros levou à estruturação e à regulamentação do boxe e, em consequência, em 1922, foi fundada a Federação Espanhola de Boxe, que passou a fazer parte das estruturas olímpicas. A Guerra Civil espanhola significou uma pausa, mas nos anos 1960 surgiu uma geração de boxeadores que, apesar das circunstâncias precárias, conseguiram comparecer aos Jogos Olímpicos e ter muitas vitórias subsequentes.
TENDÊNCIAS DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DOS BOLSISTAS DE PRODUTIVIDADE EM PESQUISA DO CNPQ DA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Tani Go , Drews Ricardo , Corrêa Umberto Cesar
Published: January 2021

Este estudo buscou analisar a produção científica dos bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) da área da Educação Física (PQ-EF), procurando entender a sua trajetória e verificar tendências quanto a publicações de artigos e às eventuais alterações nas suas características no período de 1991 a 2016. Foram analisados os currículos dos 91 bolsistas PQ-EF em curso no ano de 2017, no que diz respeito aos artigos publicados em periódicos, número de coautores e posição na autoria dos artigos, como também a relação entre esses fatores por níveis de bolsa e tempo de término do doutorado. Os resultados revelaram um aumento expressivo da produção científica per capita e também um aumento de publicações multiautorais com número cada vez maior de coautores, sugerindo estratégias de publicação visando ao aumento de produtividade.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Authors: Nurfidoh Siti , Kareviati Evie
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to find out the difficulties of writing descriptive text and what factors causing difficulties in writing descriptive text. This study involved 12 students in eighth grade of junior high school in Cipongkor. To obtain the data, three kinds of the research instruments were used, namely a writing test (Heaton, 1988), questionnaire and observation. The findings based on the writing test showed that the errors produced by the students were missordering with 33.6%, the punctuation 26.8%, the tenses 17.4%, wrong diction 12.1%, spelling 7.4%, and the last is prepositions 2.7%. Based on the questionnaire and observation, the factors caused students difficulties in writing descriptive text are lack of interest in learning English, the poor understanding of the generic structure of descriptive test, poor in grammar knowledge and use, and the low motivation in writing descriptive text. Keywords:  Errors, Descriptive Text, Writing
A REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA DO CAPITAL E SUA MATERIALIZAÇÃO NA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL DO ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRA: DA REFORMA DO APARELHO DO ESTADO AO FUTURE-SE
Authors: Araújo Martins Barros Emanuelle , Nunes Claudio Pinto
Published: January 2021

Este artigo discute como a corrosão das bases de acumulação do capital tem motivado uma reestruturação produtiva concretizada por inúmeras reformas assumidas pelo Estado na perspectiva de realizar a transição do modelo de gestão burocrático para o gerencial. Na política educacional do ensino superior brasileira a sua manifestação mais evidente é a subsunção da gestão administrativa do Estado à lógica empresarial, cujas decisões se alinham ao mercado e desconsideram o direito à cidadania enquanto bem coletivo. Isso posto, discute-se sobre qual modelo de educação subjaz ao que se pauta nessas reformas intensificadas a partir da década de 1990, no Brasil. Atualmente, a persistência desses ajustes está corporificada em proposições como o Future-se, cujo objetivo é ampliar o papel da iniciativa privada para custeio de pesquisas e fomento do orçamento das universidades e institutos federais de ensino superior. Alega-se a necessidade de modernização dessas instituições, embora o objetivo seja, de fato, alterar a forma de financiamento, mediante fundos privados, assim como favorecer à gestão das universidades via Organizações Sociais. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo usa como suporte a pesquisa bibliográfica, no sentido de esclarecer como o processo de reestruturação produtiva do capital em âmbito global, a partir da década de 1970, motivou reformas no Estado brasileiro e atualmente se materializa em propostas como a do Future-se, a qual, nada mais é, que uma nova tentativa de mercantilização da educação superior.
ATUAL POLÍTICA NEOLIBERAL DE MILITARIZAÇÃO DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Bartolozzi Ferreira Eliza , Lievore Sue Ellen
Published: January 2021

O artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a atual política educacional brasileira, cuja direção segue no sentido de ampliar a privatizado da educação pública e fazer da educação escolar um espaço de formação de mentes e hábitos conservadores. A análise focaliza a política de militarização das escolas públicas como um dispositivo que permite o crescimento da convivência da ideologia da segurança nacional com o neoliberalismo. Essa interpretação é desenvolvida com base no livro de Dardot e Laval (2016). Em 2019,  governo federal  criou a Subsecretaria de Fomento às Escolas Cívico-Militares e o Programa Nacional das Escolas Cívico-Militares. Para a escrita deste artigo, a metodologia aplicada foi a análise dos instrumentos normativos assim como as informações disponibilizadas no site do programa e da mídia convencional. Até hoje, quinze estados e o Distrito Federal, além de 643 municípios, aderiram ao programa. Entendemos que se trata de uma política educacional que visa formatar pessoas dóceis e empreendedoras para um sistema que cada vez mais se aproxima da barbárie.
Caracterización de la Política de Proyección Social de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC) para evaluar el impacto formativo en los graduados
Authors: F J Giraudo
Published: January 2021

La Universidad Católica de Córdoba (Argentina) ha implementado una política de proyección social desde el año 2011, la cual forma parte de un objetivo central a nivel institucional: concebir las funciones sustantivas y centrales de la universidad desde la gestión socialmente responsable. La búsqueda de este objetivo tiene su sustento en el paradigma educativo ignaciano, el cual busca incidir desde allí en la formación de los futuros graduados. Frente a ello, se plantea una investigación que busca indagar sobre el impacto que logra en la formación de los graduados la política de proyección social bajo el enfoque de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria adoptado por la Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Una etapa esencial de esta investigación es lograr caracterizar la política mencionada a los fines de correlacionar los procesos educativos de acuerdo al paradigma educativo adoptado en la universidad con respecto a la formación y el perfil de sus graduados. Esta caracterización se realizó a partir de un enfoque analítico interpretativo, retrospectivo y transversal, desarrollado a través de un diseño metodológico cualitativo, basado en análisis documental y entrevistas en profundidad con los referentes institucionales. Los resultados de caracterización de la PPS permitieron considerar dos categorías de análisis: por un lado, el vínculo de la Universidad con la comunidad de acuerdo a propiedades prestablecidas, y por otro, el impacto de la política sobre los futuros graduados de acuerdo al paradigma educativo adoptado. Ante la carencia de herramientas adecuadas de evaluación de impacto formativo en los perfiles de los egresados universitarios, esta investigación pretende contribuir con avances instrumentales útiles en la medición de la efectividad de la política de proyección social de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, los cuales poseen la potencialidad de hacerse extensivos para su empleo en otras universidades confiadas a la Compañía de Jesús, y de la región.
A system-oriented strategy to enhance electron production of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in bio-photovoltaic devices: experimental and modeling insights
Authors: Firoozabadi Hossein , Mardanpour Mohammad Mahdi , Motamedian Ehsan
Published: January 2021

Bio-photovoltaic devices (BPVs) harness photosynthetic organisms to
produce bioelectricity in an eco-friendly way. However, their low energy
efficiency is still a challenge. A comprehension of metabolic
constraints can result in finding strategies for efficiency enhancement.
This study presents a systemic approach based on metabolic modeling to
design a regulatory defined medium, reducing the intracellular
constraints in bioelectricity generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
through the cellular metabolism alteration. The approach identified key
reactions that played a critical role in improving electricity
generation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by comparing multiple optimal
solutions of minimal and maximal NADH generation using two criteria.
Regulatory compounds, which controlled the enzyme activity of the key
reactions, were obtained from the BRENDA database. The selected
compounds were subsequently added to the culture media, and their effect
on bioelectricity generation was experimentally assessed. The power
density curves for different culture media showed the BPV fed by
Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 suspension in BG-11 supplemented with NH4Cl
achieved the maximum power density of 148.27 mW m-2. This produced power
density was more than 40.5-fold of what was obtained for the BPV fed
with cyanobacterial suspension in BG-11. The effect of the activators on
BPV performance was also evaluated by comparing their overpotential,
maximum produced power density, and biofilm morphology under different
conditions. These findings demonstrated the crucial role of cellular
metabolism in improving bioelectricity generation in BPVs.
PROSPECTIVE META-ANALYSIS OF RELEASED WEIGHT LOSS AND SUCCESS RATE OF ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION TO SUTURE AND SURGERY PROCEDURES POST-BARIATRIC SURGERY: STATUS OF THE ART OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT
Authors: Ph.D Dr. Idiberto Jose Zotarelli Filho, MSc,
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Currently, 30% of the world’s population is overweight or
obese. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (BGYR) and vertical gastrectomy are the
most commonly performed techniques in Brazil and worldwide. Objective:
Conduct a meta-analysis of the results of using argon plasma coagulation
(APC), suture (SUT), and surgery (SUR), to clarify the safety and
efficacy of using argon plasma to other procedures. Methods: The quality
of the evidence was classified as high, moderate, low, or very low,
according to the risk of bias. The Variance (α2) and One-Way (ANOVA)
test were applied, adopting the α level less than 0.05 with a
statistically significant difference for the 95% CI. The value of R-sq
(R2) was analyzed to discover the imprecision or heterogeneity of the
analyzes. Results: A total of 34 studies were found, eight to APC,
twenty to SUT, and six to SUR. For relapsed weight loss (RWL), the means
for APC, SUT, and SUR were respectively 19.39 ± 10.94, 26.06 ± 16.71,
and 17.05 ± 9.85, and for SR, the means were respectively 89.75 ± 16.75,
86.80 ± 11.44, and 76.00 ± 21.57. There was a small difference between
the values of APC averages with SUT and SUR, both in relation to RWL and
SR, with p>0.05, with a high association (R2 ≥ 50%).
Conclusion: It was shown that the APC technique showed excellent results
in terms of RWL and SR compared to the other techniques, with no
statistically significant difference. Thus, the results of the APC
strongly point to its potential use.
The Share of Cross-Border Shopping in Poland's Trade Turnover of Food Products With Neighbouring Countries on the European Union Eastern Border in 2013-2018
Authors: Powęska Halina
Published: January 2021

Trade turnover of food products between Poland and its neighbouring countries on the external eastern border of the European Union (Ukraine, Belarus and Russia) is an important element of the international trade exchange of Poland. The registered trade turnover had an impact on the Polish economy, whereas, from the point of view of development of areas located within the border impact zone, the unregistered trade that is part of cross-border shopping was of great importance. The aim of the paper is to examine the dynamics and trends of changes in terms of the share of cross-border shopping in the total trade turnover of food products with the above-mentioned countries over the period 2013-2018. A case study analysis conducted in all three countries showed that there was a steady increase in the share of unregistered trade in the total trade volume throughout the entire research period. (original abstract)