bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Morus indica roots from Indian Bodo tribes
Authors: Boro Hankhray , Usha Talambedu , Babu Dinesh , Chandana Prakashmurthy , Goyal Arvind Kumar , Ekambaram Hemavathy , Yusufoglu Hasan Soliman , Das Sandeep , Middha Sushil Kumar
Published: January 2022

The roots of Morus species are well described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) for its traditional use in treating liver fibrosis due to its hepatoprotective property. However, little is known about the hepatoprotective effect of the roots of Morus indica L. (RoMi), and the pharmacological mechanism(s) are uncertain due to its intricacy. Therefore, this study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of RoMi (eRoMi) against the CCl4-induced in-vivo animal model at different dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) in comparison with silymarin as a positive control. The hepatoprotective activity of eRoMi was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and was verified by histological studies. Interestingly, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene, 1,4-phenylenebis (trimethylsilane), 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl and α-amyrin were the active components found in eRoMi as detected by GC–MS. Oral administration of eRoMi (200 mg/kg BW) to rats significantly protected serum biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and GGT as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic GSH) and elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation as compared to CCl4-treated rats. The hematological indices such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, monocytes and lymphocytes were also normal in eRoMi-treated rats. The histopathological evaluation indicated a significant restoration of liver structure as compared to silymarin. This study is the first scientific validation for the traditional use of eRoMi to understand its hepatoprotective activity.
Acetylproteomics analyses reveal critical features of lysine-ε-acetylation in Arabidopsis and a role of 14-3-3 protein acetylation in alkaline response
Authors: Guo Jianfei , Chai Xiaoqiang , Mei Yuchao , Du Jiamu , Du Haining , Shi Huazhong , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhang Heng
Published: January 2022

Lysine-ε-acetylation (Kac) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is critical for metabolic regulation and cell signaling in mammals. However, its prevalence and importance in plants remain to be determined. Employing high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed protein lysine acetylation in five representative Arabidopsis organs with 2 ~ 3 biological replicates per organ. A total of 2887 Kac proteins and 5929 Kac sites were identified. This comprehensive catalog allows us to analyze proteome-wide features of lysine acetylation. We found that Kac proteins tend to be more uniformly expressed in different organs, and the acetylation status exhibits little correlation with the gene expression level, indicating that acetylation is unlikely caused by stochastic processes. Kac preferentially targets evolutionarily conserved proteins and lysine residues, but only a small percentage of Kac proteins are orthologous between rat and Arabidopsis. A large portion of Kac proteins overlap with proteins modified by other PTMs including ubiquitination, SUMOylation and phosphorylation. Although acetylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation all modify lysine residues, our analyses show that they rarely target the same sites. In addition, we found that “reader” proteins for acetylation and phosphorylation, i.e., bromodomain-containing proteins and GRF (General Regulatory Factor)/14-3-3 proteins, are intensively modified by the two PTMs, suggesting that they are main crosstalk nodes between acetylation and phosphorylation signaling. Analyses of GRF6/14-3-3λ reveal that the Kac level of GRF6 is decreased under alkaline stress, suggesting that acetylation represses plant alkaline response. Indeed, K56ac of GRF6 inhibits its binding to and subsequent activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2, leading to hypersensitivity to alkaline stress. These results provide valuable resources for protein acetylation studies in plants and reveal that protein acetylation suppresses phosphorylation output by acetylating GRF/14-3-3 proteins.
Optimizing biomedical discoveries as an engine of culture change in an academic medical center
Authors: DeChant Anne K. , Fening Stephen , Haag Michael , Harte William , Chance Mark R.
Published: January 2022

Academic discovery in biomedicine is a growing enterprise with tens of billions of dollars in research funding available to universities and hospitals. Protecting and optimizing the resultant intellectual property is required in order for the discoveries to have an impact on society. To achieve that, institutions must create a multidisciplinary, collaborative system of review and support, and utilize connections to industry partners. In this study, we outline the efforts of Case Western Reserve University, coordinated through its Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative (CTSC), to promote entrepreneurial culture, and achieve goals of product development and startup formation for biomedical and population health discoveries arising from the academic ecosystem in Cleveland. The CTSC Office of Translation and Innovation, with the university’s Technology Transfer Office (TTO), helps identify and derisk promising IP while building interdisciplinary project teams to optimize the assets through key preclinical derisking steps. The benefits of coordinating funding across multiple programs, assuring dedicated project management to oversee optimizing the IP, and ensuring training to help improve proposals and encourage an entrepreneurial culture, are discussed in the context of a case study of therapeutic assets, the Council to Advance Human Health. This case study highlights best practices in academic innovation.
‘To stay, serve and witness’ – church politics and British inner cities in the 1980s
Authors: Thieme Sarah
Published: January 2022

By analysing the Church of England's 1985 report Faith in the City (FITC), this article demonstrates that the church played a decisive role in shaping the discourse on British ‘inner cities’. Following a brief historical contextualization, the article examines the FITC report itself, how it came about and what arguments the Church of England introduced into the national debate on inner cities, as well as the media and political discussion that followed its publication and the reactions in the religious field. The article argues that the publication was a turning point in the inner cities discourse of the 1980s. It examines how the church succeeded in (re)directing national attention to the topic thereby countering the territorial stigmatization and replacing it with a more positive view focused on the potential of the residents living in the inner cities.
The Influence of Ridge Subduction on the Geochemistry of Vanuatu Arc Magmas
Authors: Deng Chen , Jenner Frances E. , Wan Bo , Li Ji‐Lei
Published: January 2022

The effects of buoyant ridge subduction have been researched for decades. However, it remains unclear how this process influences magma chemistry. Here we use a compilation of geochemical data, well‐established geochemical proxies (i.e., Ba/Nb, Th/Nb) and mantle redox modeling (i.e., V/Sc, Cu) to propose that the subduction of a ridge underneath the central portion of the Vanuatu arc causes shallow‐angle subduction and the development of a slab tear. We suggest that the shallow slab pinches out the asthenospheric mantle and bulldozes ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle from the forearc toward the main‐arc. Slab‐fluxed melting of this bulldozed material could account for the along‐arc 87Sr/86Sr‐143Nd/144Nd variations of the Vanuatu magmas. The influx of hot sub‐slab material into the Vanuatu arc mantle wedge through a slab tear produces magmatism within the forearc. Modeling of V/Sc and Cu systematics suggest that the mantle source of the forearc magmas has a higher fO2 and Cu content than the source of the main‐arc and rear‐arc samples. The main‐arc and rear‐arc mantles were metasomatized by both slab‐derived fluids and melts. Whereas release of high Cu‐SO2 slab‐derived fluids caused oxidation and Cu enrichment of the forearc mantle. These systematics indicate a decrease in the fO2 of slab fluxes with increasing depth‐to‐slab and distance‐from‐trench. Our findings highlight the role of ridge subduction in controlling the along‐arc and across‐arc variations in the chemistry of Vanuatu arc magmas. This updated geodynamic model, based on geochemistry, is consistent with recent geophysical constraints and 3D numerical modeling.
Realistic Forests and the Modeling of Forest‐Atmosphere Exchange
Authors: Bannister E. J. , MacKenzie A. R. , Cai X.‐M.
Published: January 2022

Forests cover nearly a third of the Earth's land area and exchange mass, momentum, and energy with the atmosphere. Most studies of these exchanges, particularly using numerical models, consider forests whose structure has been heavily simplified. In many landscapes, these simplifications are unrealistic. Inhomogeneous landscapes and unsteady weather conditions generate fluid dynamical features that cause observations to be inaccurately interpreted, biased, or over‐generalized. In Part I, we discuss experimental, theoretical, and numerical progress in the understanding of turbulent exchange over realistic forests. Scalar transport does not necessarily follow the flow in realistic settings, meaning scalar quantities are rarely at equilibrium around patchy forests, and significant scalar fluxes may form in the lee of forested hills. Gaps and patchiness generate significant spatial fluxes that current models and observations neglect. Atmospheric instability increases the distance over which fluxes adjust at forest edges. In deciduous forests, the effects of patchiness differ between seasons; counter intuitively, eddies reach further into leafy canopies (because they are rougher aerodynamically). Air parcel residence times are likely much lower in patchy forests than homogeneous ones, especially around edges. In Part II, we set out practical ways to make numerical models of forest‐atmosphere more realistic, including by accounting for reconfiguration and realistic canopy structure and beginning to include more chemical and physical processes in turbulence resolving models. Future challenges include: (a) customizing numerical models to real study sites, (b) connecting space and time scales, and (c) incorporating a greater range of weather conditions in numerical models.
Intermittent compressive force induces cell cycling and reduces apoptosis in embryoid bodies of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Manokawinchoke Jeeranan , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Okawa Hiroko , Pavasant Prasit , Egusa Hiroshi , Osathanon Thanaphum
Published: January 2022

In vitro manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by environmental factors is of great interest for three-dimensional (3D) tissue/organ induction. The effects of mechanical force depend on many factors, including force and cell type. However, information on such effects in iPSCs is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular mechanism in iPSCs responding to intermittent compressive force (ICF) by analyzing the global gene expression profile. Embryoid bodies of mouse iPSCs, attached on a tissue culture plate in 3D form, were subjected to ICF in serum-free culture medium for 24 h. Gene ontology analyses for RNA sequencing data demonstrated that genes differentially regulated by ICF were mainly associated with metabolic processes, membrane and protein binding. Topology-based analysis demonstrated that ICF induced genes in cell cycle categories and downregulated genes associated with metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed differentially regulated genes related to the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle. qPCR analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of Ccnd1, Cdk6 and Ccng1. Flow cytometry showed that ICF induced cell cycle and proliferation, while reducing the number of apoptotic cells. ICF also upregulated transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) at both mRNA and protein levels, and pretreatment with a TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) prior to ICF abolished ICF-induced Ccnd1 and Cdk6 expression. Taken together, these findings show that TGF-β signaling in iPSCs enhances proliferation and decreases apoptosis in response to ICF, that could give rise to an efficient protocol to manipulate iPSCs for organoid fabrication.
Chip-scale optical airflow sensor
Authors: Luo Yumeng , An Xiaoshuai , Chen Liang , Li Kwai Hei
Published: January 2022

Airflow sensors are an essential component in a wide range of industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications. The development of compact devices with a fast response and wide measurement range capable of in situ airflow monitoring is highly desirable. Herein, we report a miniaturized optical airflow sensor based on a GaN chip with a flexible PDMS membrane. The compact GaN chip is responsible for light emission and photodetection. The PDMS membrane fabricated using a droplet-based molding process can effectively transform the airflow stimuli into optical reflectance changes that can be monitored by an on-chip photodetector. Without the use of external components for light coupling, the proposed sensor adopting the novel integration scheme is capable of detecting airflow rates of up to 53.5 ms−1 and exhibits a fast response time of 12 ms, holding great promise for diverse practical applications. The potential use in monitoring human breathing is also demonstrated.
Performance Enhancement of TiO2-encapsulated Photoelectrodes Based on III–V Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Yu , Cronin Stephen B.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the effects of TiO2 prepared by atomic layer deposition on various III–V p-type semiconductors for photoelectrochemical applications, mainly in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO2 reduction reactions. In addition to providing protection against photocorrosion due to its chemical stability and high uniformity, the large valence band edge offset between n-type TiO2 and p-type III–V semiconductors acts as a hole-blocking barrier, thus decreasing the interfacial recombination rates for photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The conduction band edge of TiO2 is well aligned with that of III–V semiconductors, and the built-in potential further assists the electron extraction efficiency, leading to high photocurrent densities. Also, the highly catalytic surface Ti3+ defect states (i.e. oxygen vacancies) can lower the potential barrier of intermediate states and promote charge transfer. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of TiO2-encapsulated III–V semiconductor photocathodes is further enhanced by depositing co-catalysts or plasmonic nanoparticles. In order to study further the stability of TiO2 under various applied potentials and pH values, the Pourbaix diagram of titanium is constructed based on thermodynamic equilibrium between the metal and the electrolyte. Combining the kinetic and structural studies, the Pourbaix diagram provides a powerful tool in understanding corrosion, passivation, and immunity under various electrochemical working conditions. Methods of characterizing the surface states of TiO2 passivation layers are discussed in the initial part of the chapter. Then the PEC performance and underlying enhancement mechanisms of the HER and CO2 reduction of three different TiO2-encapsulated III–V compound semiconductors (InP, GaAs, and GaP) are presented. Finally, the Pourbaix diagram of titanium is constructed and used to study the chemical stability of TiO2 passivation.
Design Principles for Oxide-encapsulated Electrocatalysts
Authors: Esposito D. V. , Guilimondi V. , Vos J. G. , Koper M. T. M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes the use of ultrathin oxide overlayers to modify and control the properties of electrocatalysts. Of particular interest are oxide-encapsulated electrocatalysts (OECs), for which the oxide overlayers are permeable to electroactive species such that electrochemical reactions occur at the buried interface between the overlayer and active electrocatalyst component. Such OECs offer several advantages over conventional electrocatalysts that are directly exposed to the electrolyte, presenting opportunities to improve the durability, selectivity, and activity of the active electrocatalyst material. However, the intertwined nature of the physical and chemical phenomena that underlie OEC operation adds complexity to the task of rationally designing OECs, and an improper choice of operating conditions or overlayer characteristics can be highly detrimental to their performance. To help researchers overcome these challenges, this chapter describes (i) the transport and kinetic principles that underlie OEC operation and (ii) experimental tools and methodologies that can be used to evaluate OEC performance. Collectively, the principles and methodologies described here can serve as a framework for developing design rules for optimized OECs that can be applied to a wide range of electrochemical energy applications.
Outlook
Authors: Esposito D. V. , Frei H.
Published: January 2022

A need for future research on ultrathin oxide layers that transcends many topics brought up in the outlook sections at the end of the individual chapters is a deeper understanding of the fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur within and at the interfaces of oxide layers. Improved knowledge of these processes is expected to be essential for guiding the design and selection of ultrathin oxides for both existing commercial technologies and novel applications. In this final chapter, major challenges for achieving these goals are outlined within the framework of modeling and experimental advances that are anticipated to be necessary to overcome them. First, challenges and opportunities related to modeling ultrathin oxides are discussed, followed by descriptions of emerging new spectroscopic techniques that are particularly well suited to probing buried oxide/semiconductor or oxide/metal interfaces. Lastly, this chapter highlights the importance of advancing experimental techniques capable of uncovering the dynamics of interfacial phenomena at ultrathin oxide layers that occur at timescales spanning many orders of magnitude.
Ag-decorated polymer chip for the determination of the respective concentrations of TTD and Hg2+ by surface-enhanced raman scattering
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Ye , Jin Sila , Guo Shuang , Park Eungyeong , Shin Jin Y. , Zhang Weiyu , Jung Young Mee
Published: January 2022

A “hotspot”-rich Ag-nanoparticle-decorated three-dimensional polymer substrate was fabricated, exhibiting an excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity.
Smartphone imaging spectrometer for egg/meat freshness monitoring
Authors: Wang Tianci , Shen Fuzhou , Deng Hancheng , Cai Fuhong , Chen Shufen
Published: January 2022

A reliable smartphone imaging spectrometer developed foron-site food freshness testing offers portability, CMOS compatibility, enhanced near-infrared spectrum capture capability and on-the-go (OTG) functionality.
Decomposing and analyzing contact resonance frequency in contact mode voltage modulated scanning probe microscopies
Authors: Liu Yue , Yu Bingxue , Wang Hongli , Zeng Kaiyang
Published: January 2022

PCA analysis has been performed on a frequency image during SS-PFM measurements and interesting correlations were found among the different images for ferroelectric materials.
Platinum thiolate complexes supported by PBP and POCOP pincer ligands as efficient catalysts for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Xue Man-Man , Chang Jiarui , Zhang Jie , Chen Xuenian
Published: January 2022

An efficient catalytic system for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds was developed based on some newly synthesized pincer platinum thiolate complexes.
Direct inhibition of the first PDZ domain of ZO-1 by glycyrrhizin is a possible mechanism of tight junction opening of Caco-2 cells
Authors: Hibino Emi , Goda Natsuko , Hisada Misaki , Tenno Takeshi , Hiroaki Hidekazu
Published: January 2022

Glycyrrhizin (GL) is known to prolong tight junction opening when co-administrated with sodium deoxycholate. Our NMR study revealed the direct binding of GL to the first domain of ZO-1 is one of the mechanisms.
Efficient glycolysis of PET catalyzed by a metal-free phosphazene base: the important role of EG−
Authors: Fan Chumeng , Zhang Lei , Zhu Chenxi , Cao Jingjing , Xu Yunlong , Sun Ping , Zeng Guixiang , Jiang Wei , Zhang Quanxing
Published: January 2022

A new kind of efficient metal-free catalyst phosphazene base (t-BuP2) was developed, which could achieve 100% conversion of PET and obtain comparable BHET yield (92.7%) to metal-based catalysts.
Protonation-induced fluorescence modulation of carbazole-based emitters
Authors: Taipale Essi , Durandin Nikita A. , Salunke Jagadish K. , Candeias Nuno R. , Ruoko Tero-Petri , Ward Jas S. , Priimagi Arri , Rissanen Kari
Published: January 2022

The protonation of carbazole derivatives results in the restriction of the intramolecular rotation, planarization of the molecule and relocalisation of the LUMO orbital increasing the fluorescence quantum yield from 16% to 80%.
An integrative chemometric approach and correlative metabolite networking of LC-MS and 1H NMR based urine metabolomics for radiation signatures
Authors: Maan Kiran , Baghel Ruchi , Bakhshi Radhika , Dhariwal Seema , Tyagi Ritu , Rana Poonam
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive overview of combining data from LC-MS and NMR using multiblock-OPLSDA analysis, correlation networking and pathway enrichment. This provided novel avenues for understanding biological perturbations post radiation injury.
A self-supported ultrathin plasmonic film for ultrafast optical switching
Authors: Yang Jinghui , Fu Yulan , Zhang Xinping
Published: January 2022

An ultrafast optical switch is achieved using a self-supported ultrathin plasmonic film. An optical modulation as high as 10% is achieved for a pump fluence of 170 μJ cm−2, implying a flexibly transferable and integrable optical logic device.
Copper-promoted difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes with silanes
Authors: Xue Yingying , Guo Zhuangzhuang , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: January 2022

An efficient copper-catalyzed cascade difunctionalization of N-allyl anilines toward the synthesis of silylated indolines using commercially available silanes has been reported.
Multi-stimuli-responsive bottlebrush-colloid Janus nanoparticles toward emulsion interfacial manipulation and catalysis
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Zhangyan , Ma Li
Published: January 2022

Multi-stimuli bottlebrush-colloid Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) display excellent activity for emulsion interface manipulation and emulsion interfacial catalysis of hydrogenation reactions.
Lithium niobate particles with a tunable diameter and porosity for optical second harmonic generation
Authors: Ali Rana Faryad , Gates Byron D.
Published: January 2022

Tunable, mesoporous lithium niobate particles with an active optical second harmonic generation (SHG) response.
Unveiling the mechanism of high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction on noble-metal-free (113)-faceted Ni3C: ab initio calculations
Authors: Hu Fuyun , Peng Jiahe , Xie Wei , Li Neng
Published: January 2022

High-performance hydrogen evolution reaction on noble-metal-free (113)-faceted Ni3C.
A dual responsive fluorescent probe for selective detection of cysteine and bisulfite and its application in bioimaging
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Li Mingshun , Duan Tingting , Zou Yuxia , Zhou Xuejun
Published: January 2022

A coumarin-based dual responsive fluorescent probe with a simple structure was developed for the detection of Cys and HSO3−.
A sustainable, top-down mechanosynthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Reverberi Andrea Pietro , Vocciante Marco , Salerno Marco , Soda Omar , Fabiano Bruno
Published: January 2022

A method for the production of metal nanoparticles with a tribological process is proposed, aiming at minimising power consumption and risk factors related to unsafe unit operations.
Quantifying the optimal thickness in polymer:fullerene solar cells from the analysis of charge transport dynamics and photoabsorption
Authors: Li Shaoxian , Hamada Fumiya , Nishikubo Ryosuke , Saeki Akinori
Published: January 2022

We provide a semi-empirical equation that quantifies the optimal layer thickness in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, which is based on time-of-flight and time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements and photoabsorption of a film.
Bulk phase behavior and interfacial properties of binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones chains and solvent: a density functional theory study
Authors: Egorov Sergei A.
Published: January 2022

A Density Functional Theory study is performed to analyze both bulk and interfacial properties of solvent–polymer binary mixtures.
Structural rule of N-coordinated single-atom catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Lou Zhenxin , Li Wenjing , Yuan Haiyang , Hou Yu , Yang Huagui , Wang Haifeng
Published: January 2022

Metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) on N2-coordinated N-doped graphenes exhibit an attractive prospect in electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Interface effects from moisture in nanocomposites of 2D graphene oxide in cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix – A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Mianehrow Hanieh , Berglund Lars A. , Wohlert Jakob
Published: January 2022

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study effects from moisture at cellulose nanofibril (CNF)–graphene oxide (GO) interfaces adhering in the wet state.
Impact of substituents on the performance of small-molecule semiconductors in organic photovoltaic devices via regulating morphology
Authors: Suzuki Mitsuharu , Suzuki Kanta , Won Taehyun , Yamada Hiroko
Published: January 2022

This review summarizes recent prominent examples of substituent engineering on small-molecule organic semiconductors for photovoltaic applications, focusing on flexible substituents that regulate the active-layer morphology.
Near-infrared-to-visible upconversion from 980 nm excitation band by binary solid of PbS quantum dot with directly attached emitter
Authors: Tripathi Neeti , Ando Masanori , Akai Tomoko , Kamada Kenji
Published: January 2022

Solid mixture of PbS quantum dot and a directly attached emitter penetrating the ligand layer enables photon upconversion from near infrared.
Reading and Listening Comprehension in Individuals With Down Syndrome and Word Reading–Matched Typically Developing Children
Authors: Prahl Alison , Schuele C. Melanie
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the reading comprehension and listening comprehension performance of English-speaking children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with word reading–matched typically developing (TD) children.

Method:

Participants included 19 individuals with DS (Mage= 17;2 [years;months], range: 11;1–22;9) and 19 word reading–matched TD children (Mage= 7;2, range: 6;6–8;1). Participants completed three norm-referenced measures of reading comprehension and three norm-referenced measures of listening comprehension. Dependent variables were raw scores on each measure, with the exception of scaled scores on one reading comprehension measure.

Results:

Independent-samplesttests with Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels of .008 revealed a significant between-groups difference for two of three reading comprehension measures. The mean raw scores were lower for the DS group than the TD group, with large effect sizes. Independent-samplesttests with Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels of .008 revealed a significant between-groups difference for three of three listening comprehension measures. The mean raw scores on the three measures were lower for the DS group than the TD group, with large effect sizes.

Conclusions:

The DS group, despite being matched on word reading to the TD group, demonstrated reduced reading comprehension skills as compared with the TD group. Thus, as individuals with DS acquire word reading skills, it appears that they are unable to translate word reading success to achieve reading comprehension at the expected level (i.e., as indexed by typical readers). The between-groups differences in listening comprehension suggest that deficits in listening comprehension likely are a barrier to reading comprehension proficiency for children with DS. Listening comprehension may be a malleable factor that can be targeted to improve reading comprehension outcomes for individuals with DS.
A Point of View About Fluency
Authors: Tichenor Seth E. , Constantino Christopher , Yaruss J. Scott
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This article presents several potential concerns with the common usage of the term
fluency
in the study of
stuttering
and people who stutter (or, as many speakers now prefer,
stutterers
). Our goal is to bridge gaps between clinicians, researchers, and stutterers to foster a greater sense of collaboration and understanding regarding the words that are used and meanings that are intended.

Method:

We begin by reviewing the history of the term
fluency
. We then explore its usage and current connotations to examine whether the term meaningfully describes constructs that are relevant to the study of the stuttering condition.

Results:

By highlighting current research and perspectives of stutterers, we conclude that the term
fluency
(a) is not fully inclusive, (b) encourages the use of misleading measurement procedures, (c) constrains the subjective experience of stuttering within a false binary categorization, and (d) perpetuates a cycle of stigma that is detrimental to stutterers and to the stuttering community as a whole.

Conclusions:

We recommend that researchers and clinicians cease referring to stuttering as a
fluency disorder
and simply refer to it as
stuttering
. Furthermore, we recommend that researchers and clinicians distinguish between moments of stuttering (i.e., what stutterers experience when they lose control of their speech or feel stuck) and the overall lived experience of the stuttering condition.
Fully connected layer‐shared network architecture for massive MIMO CSI feedback
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Li Haozhen , Liang Xin , Gu Xinyu , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2022

In frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system, deep learning‐based channel state information (CSI) feedback approach improves CSI reconstruction accuracy. However, different models need to be trained and stored for different scenarios, which causes huge memory cost, especially at the user equipment (UE) side. In this letter, a fully connected layer‐shared (FCS) feedback architecture is proposed to simplify the feedback network at the UE. As a case study, the FCS architecture is applied on CsiNet and CRNet in the indoor and outdoor scenarios. Experimental results indicate that the network using the FCS architecture is able to achieve comprehensive performance with impressive storage saving.
Multi‐objective expansion planning of park‐level integrated energy system considering the volatility trend of CETP
Authors: Wang Lei , Dai Wei , Zhu Liuzhu , Wang Xuli , Yin Chenxu , Cong Hao , Shi Tiancheng , Qi Xianjun , Bi Rui
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of carbon trading market, the volatility trend of carbon emission trading price (CETP) becomes one of the factors that cannot be ignored in energy system planning. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi‐objective expansion planning model for park‐level integrated energy system (PIES) that takes into account the volatility trend of CETP. First, the influencing factors of CETP prediction are filtered and downscaled, and a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) model based on the improved multi‐objective grey wolf algorithm optimizer (IMOGWO) is used for probabilistic interval prediction of CETP. Next, the operational characteristics of each carbon emission device are analysed and a model for calculating the cost of carbon trading is proposed. Then, a two‐layer PIES planning model is developed with the objective of minimizing the annualized system cost and carbon emissions during the expansion planning cycle, the upper‐layer model is a planning model for solving equipment expansion scenarios, and the lower‐layer model is an operation model for calculating typical operation schemes. Finally, the simulation effect of the prediction model is verified by the European carbon trading data, and the planning schemes are compared and analysed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improved iteratively reweighted least squares algorithms for sparse recovery problem
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Zhu Zhibin , Zhang Benxin
Published: January 2022

In this paper, some new algorithms based on the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method are proposed for sparse recovery problem. There are two important parameters in the IRLS method: a weighted parameter and a regularization parameter. On the one hand, in order to improve the performance of IRLS method, a new way is given to update the weight vector. On the other hand, for the regularization parameter, three new update methods are introduced to avoid the phenomenon that the regularization parameter drops too fast. Then, some improved iteratively reweighted least squares (IIRLS) algorithms are proposed, and their convergence and convergence rate are analyzed. The local convergence of our algorithms is superlinear and approaches a quadratic rate in special cases. Finally, a large number of algorithms are compared in solving the sparse recovery problem, including IRLS methods and IIRLS methods with different weighting parameters and regularization parameters, and certain iterative methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods are efficient and promising.
Path tracking control for autonomous vehicles with saturated input: A fuzzy fixed‐time learning control approach
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Wang Ying , Yang Zeyu , Huang Jin , Su Yanzhao
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a fuzzy fixed‐time learning path tracking control strategy for autonomous vehicles with saturated input and uncertainties. First, Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) model is designed to realize an accurate description of the nonlinear path tracking systems. The T‐S model is the weighted sum of a series of linear dynamics models. The weighting coefficients are described by fuzzy membership functions. Then, with the consideration of the saturated input, a fixed‐time learning control is proposed. It contains a learning law to estimate the uncertainties of the system on‐line. The fixed‐time convergence and the robustness properties are analyzed through Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified through the CarSim/Simulink co‐simulations under different driving conditions. The results demonstrate that the developed controller significantly improves the performance of path tracking and follows the desired path well even in the case of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances.
Development of an environmentally friendly nanoemulsion based on Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts to control Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zeng Liya , Wang Zhe
Published: January 2022

The chemical compositions of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts (GBEE) and leaf extracts are similar, however, studies describing the development of GBEE biopesticides are few. In this study, the authors investigated the preparation of GBEE nanoemulsionand and characterized by transmittance, physical stability, droplet size and size distribution for the first time. Insecticidal activity and lipophilicity screening of four different solvents indicated ethyl acetate was satisfactory. Based on dispersibility, centrifugation, heating‐cooling cycle, cloud point and long‐term stability experiments, two formulations (ethyl acetate/Tween 40‐Span 60 (9:1)/water and ethyl acetate/Tween 60‐Span 60 (9:1)/water) were optimum to formulate nanoemulsions. However, the smallest droplet size and size distribution (10.93 ± 0.16 nm, PDI = 0.15 ± 0.01) was obtained using the Tween 60/Span 60 combination. The insecticidal activity of GBEE nanoemulsion was evaluated against the third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella. Lethal concentration (LC50) values of the optimized nanoemulsion were 127.38 mg/L at 12 h and 72.80 mg/L at 24 h, respectively. This indicated that GBEE nanoemulsion had higher insecticidal activity than the GBEE. The results proposed that the GBEE nanoemulsion is a potential and effective natural alternative for the management of P. xylostella.
A super transformed nested array with reduced mutual coupling for direction of arrival estimation of non‐circular signals
Authors: Mei Fengtong , Xu Haiyun , Cui WeiJia , Jian Chunxiao , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2022

Recently, sparse linear arrays have aroused significant attention because they can provide increased degrees of freedom (DOFs) and enlarged inter‐element spacing, which are the critical factors to improve the accuracy of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, to alleviate the high mutual coupling caused by the dense part of transformed nested arrays (TNAs), we present a super transformed nested array (STNA) for the DOA estimation of non‐circular signals. It can be obtained by removing some sensors from the dense part of transformed nested arrays and relocating them appropriately. The proposed array structure possesses a higher DOF and a sparser physical structure, resulting in less mutual coupling compared to TNA. For the proposed array structure, we provide theoretical proof of the DOFs and deduce the weight functions. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the STNA over existing sparse arrays.
The evolution of temperature and density structures of OB cluster-forming molecular clumps
Authors: Lin Y. , Wyrowski F. , Liu H. B. , Izquierdo A. F. , Csengeri T. , Leurini S. , Menten K. M.
Published: January 2022

Context. OB star clusters originate from parsec-scale massive molecular clumps, while individual stars may form in ≲0.1 pc scale dense cores. The thermal properties of the clump gas are key factors governing the fragmentation process, and are closely affected by gas dynamics and feedback of forming stars.

Aims. We aim to understand the evolution of temperature and density structures on the intermediate-scale (≲0.1–1 pc) extended gas of massive clumps. This gas mass reservoir is critical for the formation of OB clusters, due to their extended inflow activities and intense thermal feedback during and after formation.

Methods. We performed ~0.1 pc resolution observations of multiple molecular line tracers (e.g., CH3CCH, H2CS, CH3CN, CH3OH) that cover a wide range of excitation conditions, toward a sample of eight massive clumps. The sample covers different stages of evolution, and includes infrared-weak clumps and sources that are already hosting an HII region, spanning a wide luminosity-to-mass ratio (L∕M) range from ~1 to ~100 (L⊙/M⊙). Based on various radiative transfer models, we constrain the gas temperature and density structures and establish an evolutionary picture, aided by a spatially dependent virial analysis and abundance ratios of multiple species.

Results. We determine temperature profiles varying in the range 30–200 K over a continuous scale, from the center of the clumps out to 0.3–0.4 pc radii. The clumps’ radial gas density profiles, described by radial power laws with slopes between −0.6 and ~−1.5, are steeper for more evolved sources, as suggested by results based on dust continuum, representing the bulk of the gas (~104 cm−3), and on CH3OH lines probing the dense gas (≳106–108 cm−3) regime. The density contrast between the dense gas and the bulk gas increases with evolution, and may be indicative of spatially and temporally varying star formation efficiencies. The radial profiles of the virial parameter show a global variation toward a sub-virial state as the clump evolves. The linewidths probed by multiple tracers decline with increasing radius around the central core region and increase in the outer envelope, with a slope shallower than the case of the supersonic turbulence (σv ∝ r0.5) and the subsonic Kolmogorov scaling (σv ∝ r0.33). In the context of evolutionary indicators for massive clumps, we also find that the abundance ratios of [CCH]/[CH3OH] and [CH3CN]/[CH3OH] show correlations with clump L∕M.
Redshifted methanol absorption tracing infall motions of high-mass star formation regions
Authors: Yang W. J. , Menten K. M. , Yang A. Y. , Wyrowski F. , Gong Y. , Ellingsen S. P. , Henkel C. , Chen X. , Xu Y.
Published: January 2022

Context. Gravitational collapse is one of the most important processes in high-mass star formation. Compared with the classic blue-skewed profiles, redshifted absorption against continuum emission is a more reliable method to detect inward motions within high-mass star formation regions.

Aims. We aim to test if methanol transitions can be used to trace infall motions within high-mass star formation regions.

Methods. Using the Effelsberg-100 m, IRAM-30 m, and APEX-12 m telescopes, we carried out observations of 37 and 16 methanol transitions towards two well-known collapsing dense clumps, W31C (G10.6−0.4) and W3(OH), to search for redshifted absorption features or inverse P-Cygni profiles.

Results. Redshifted absorption is observed in 14 and 11 methanol transitions towards W31C and W3(OH), respectively. The infall velocities fitted from a simple two-layer model agree with previously reported values derived from other tracers, suggesting that redshifted methanol absorption is a reliable tracer of infall motions within high-mass star formation regions. Our observations indicate the presence of large-scale inward motions, and the mass infall rates are roughly estimated to be ≳10−3 M⊙ yr−1, which supports the global hierarchical collapse and clump-fed scenario.

Conclusions. With the aid of bright continuum sources and the overcooling of methanol transitions leading to enhanced absorption, redshifted methanol absorption can trace infall motions within high-mass star formation regions hosting bright H II regions.
Passive imaging of collisional orogens: a review of a decade of geophysical studies in the Pyrénées
Authors: Chevrot Sébastien , Sylvander Matthieu , Villaseñor Antonio , Díaz Jordi , Stehly Laurent , Boué Pierre , Monteiller Vadim , Martin Roland , Lehujeur Maximilien , Beller Stephen , Brives Jacques , Bitri Adnand , Calassou Sylvain , Collin Magali , Ford Mary , Jolivet Laurent , Manatschal Gianreto , Masini Emmanuel , Mouthereau Frédéric , Vidal Olivier
Published: January 2022

This contribution reviews the challenges of imaging collisional orogens, focusing on the example of the Pyrenean domain. Indeed, important progresses have been accomplished regarding our understanding of the architecture of this mountain range over the last decades, thanks to the development of innovative passive imaging techniques, relying on a more thorough exploitation of the information in seismic signals, as well as new seismic acquisitions. New tomographic images provide evidence for continental subduction of Iberian crust beneath the western and central Pyrénées, but not beneath the eastern Pyrénées. Relics of a Cretaceous hyper-extended and segmented rift are found within the North Pyrenean Zone, where the imaged crust is thinner (10–25 km). This zone of thinned crust coincides with a band of positive Bouguer anomalies that is absent in the Eastern Pyrénées. Overall, the new tomographic images provide further support to the idea that the Pyrénées result from the inversion of hyperextended segmented rift systems.
Direct Costs of Healthcare for Children with Type 1 Diabetes Using a
CGM System: A Health Economic Analysis of the VIDIKI Telemedicine Study in a
German Setting
Authors: Frielitz Fabian Simon , Eisemann Nora , Werner Kristin , Hiort Olaf , Katalinic Alexander , Lange Karin , von Sengbusch Simone
Published: January 2022

Aims The Virtual Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for Children and Adolescents
(VIDIKI) study was a 6-month quasi-randomized, multicentre study followed by an
extension phase to evaluate the effects of monthly video consultations in
addition to regular care. A health economic analysis was conducted to assess the
direct costs.

Methods The cost data of 240 study participants (1–16 years of
age) with type 1 diabetes who were already using a continuous glucose monitoring
system were collected in the first 6 months of the study. The intervention group
(IG) received monthly video consultations plus regular care, and the waiting
control group (WG) received only regular care. Cost data were collected for a
comparable anonymized group of children from the participating health insurance
companies during the 6-month period before the study started (aggregated data
group [AG]).

Results Cost data were analysed for the AG (N=840) 6 months before
study initiation and those for the study participants
(N=225/240). Hospital treatment was the highest cost category in
the AG. There was a cost shift and cost increase in the IG and WG, whereby
diabetes supplies were the highest cost category. The mean direct
diabetes-associated 6-month costs were € 4,702 (IG) and € 4,936
(WG).

Conclusion The cost development within the cost collection period over two
years possibly reflects the switch to higher-priced medical supplies. Video
consultation as an add-on service resulted in a small but nonsignificant
reduction in the overall costs.
Copper(I) Iodide Promoted [3+2]-Cycloaddition/Oxidation to Construct Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinoquinones from Naphthoquinones and Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Li Yujin , Yu Zihua , Tang Xue , Huang Chenxi , Shang Yehan , Ye Qing , Han Liang
Published: January 2022

A copper-catalyzed, three-component, one-pot, 1,3-dipole cycloaddition/oxidation has been developed to construct pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinoquinone derivatives, with environmentally friendly oxygen as the oxidant. The pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinoquinone products were obtained from naturally available tetrahydroisoquinolines, 1,4-naphthoquinones, and benzaldehydes in medium yields.
Using the Casper Stent in Carotid Angioplasty: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Haas Leandro José , Przysiezny Bernardo , Scramocin Thaize Regina , Marques Natalia Tozzi , Tutida Leticia Saori , Sarmento Marina Piquet , Omar Omar Ahmad , Borille Thais Moura , Staedele Guilherme Voltolini , Camilo Liz Caroline de Oliveira , Domingos João Pedro Latronico , Zimmermann Amanda Cristina , Giustina Evelyn Della
Published: January 2022

Objectives To establish the success rate in endovascular internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis recanalization using the double-layer stent Casper-RX (Microvention, Inc 35 Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, California, United States of America) and to identify the main comorbidities in individuals with ICA stenosis, morphological characteristics of the stenosis, diagnostic methods, intraoperative complications, as well as morbidity and mortality within 30 days of the surgical procedure.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 116 patients undergoing ICA angioplasty with a degree of stenosis ≥ 70% using Casper-RX stenting who underwent this procedure from April 2015 to December 2019.

Results Technical success was achieved in 99.1% of the patients. Three of them had postprocedural complications: one transient ischemic attack (TIA) and two puncture site hematomas. A cerebral protection filter was not used in only two procedures, as these consisted of dissection of the carotid. There was satisfactory recanalization and adequate accommodation of the stents in the previously stenosed arteries, with no restenosis in 99.4% of the cases.

Conclusion The endovascular treatment of extracranial carotid stenoses using the Casper-RX stent showed good applicability and efficacy. Although only two cases of thromboembolic complications occurred during the procedure, further investigation and studies on the effectiveness of this new device are needed.