bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGROENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AND ENSURING FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Stehnei Marianna , Chernychko Tetiana , Mykhaylyak Halyna , Medvid Larysa
Published: June 2023

Agribusiness is a vital area of the economy, which provides a significant volume of production and export in Ukraine. Our state has great potential in agriculture thanks to its land resources and climatic conditions, which contribute to the development of various crop and animal husbandry types. Developing agribusiness can help reduce Ukraine's dependence on food imports and ensure national security in the food industry. The article's purpose is the agribusiness research process in Ukraine in the context of the development of the digital economy and in the context of ensuring food security. The possibilities of agribusiness development with digital technologies and in the context of ensuring food security are explored. The concepts of "agribusiness", and the agrarian sector are summarized. The role of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the national economy and the economy of other countries is analyzed through the evaluation of the commodity structure of exports in the context of ensuring food security. It is substantiated that the new technologies of the digital economy provide more accurate and effective control of the quality and safety of food products, reducing the impact of harmful factors on the environment, increasing the competitiveness of the national agricultural sector on the international market.
Agribusiness is an essential component of the agrarian sphere, which in turn is significant for the economy of Ukraine and ensuring the country's food security. The development of the digital economy and the use of the latest technologies significantly increase the productivity and efficiency of the production of agricultural products. It is noted that it is necessary to maintain the level of food security in Ukraine, ensuring proper control of the quality and safety of agricultural products produced and exported abroad. The development of agribusiness in the conditions of the digital economy has the potential for a significant increase in domestic production and export of agricultural products, ensuring a balance.
Keywords: agribusiness, agrarian business, agrarian sector, digital economy, digital technologies, food security.
Biomethane: production, economy, and opportunities for connection to gas distribution networks of Ukraine
Authors: Pavlov Konstantin , Pavlova Olena , Tymchyshak Andriy , Osvitsinskyi Bohdan , Marchuk Vadym
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of starting the production (generation) of biomethane in Ukraine, as well as to substantiate the economical features and the possibility of connecting the biomethane generation center to gas distribution networks in the regions of Ukraine. The methods used to study the specified problem are analytical; comparative; theoretical; empirical; systemic; functional; economic and sociological possibilities of application. The production and practical use of biomethane in various production processes of farms, as well as for its consumption by the population for domestic purposes, will contribute to a significant reduction in energy costs. It will contribute to increasing the energy independence of biomethane consumers, as well as the formation and further development of new (regional) enterprises specializing in biomethane production. The results of the research consist of: a thorough study of the concept of biogas and biomethane, raw materials and production technology; technical and economic justification for the construction of a biomethane plant; comparison of the cost of production and sale of electricity and biomethane from biogas; the regulatory and legal aspect regulating the processes of registration, maintenance of the plant, as well as further trading of biomethane; ways and conditions for connecting biomethane producers to gas distribution networks in the regions of Ukraine. All the research results listed above will contribute to the start of biomethane production in the regions of Ukraine. Summarizing the outlined features of connecting biomethane producers to gas distribution networks, the following aspects are worth noting: 1. Operators of gas distribution networks will not buy biomethane directly from producers. After all, the biomethane producer must find a supplier in Ukraine or abroad, or the producer can sell biomethane directly to an industrial consumer. In this case, a supplier's license, or the producer's consumption of biomethane is required. 2. The high level of natural gas prices is increasingly forcing large consumers to look for alternatives to natural gas. Therefore, for agricultural producers, this production cycle is closed. The high level of natural gas prices allows biomethane projects to have a high level of profitability. The process of decarbonization requires abandoning fossil fuels and replacing them with clean, new types of energy, including biomethane. 3. Biomethane compared to electricity. Today, the level of payment for electricity from the state under the "green" tariff is 30-40% of the total level of payment. The state limits payments and reduces opportunities to receive a "green" tariff, valid until 2029, and every year the rates are lower for new facilities.
Keywords: Biomethane, biogas, hydrogen, biomass, gas distribution networks, connection to gas distribution networks.
Regional problems of foreign languages education (by the example of the Crimea)
Authors: Bukhantsova Evgenia V.
Published: June 2023

The article addresses the problem of foreign language education that is still very important in the country. The problem concerns teaching, learning, and improving foreign languages, from a starter level (development of basic skills such as speaking, reading, writing, listening) to a proficiency one (language-specific skills in translation studies and applied linguistics). The author aims to investigate the issue from different sides. To explode them, the author used data from official web site of the Russia Government, methodological guides, professional forums. The findings showed that laws prescribe the rights and duties of each participant in the educational process and officially all the fine points are considered. In accordance with legislative acts, every Crimean can learn several languages from early childhood. The law takes care to increase the level of teaching: it provides training of highly qualified teachers, guarantees technical assistance, equipment and material support and helps to develop exchange programs. However, there are certain difficulties with the implementation. Main reasons for this include poverty of educational institutions, weak academic mobility of students and teachers, ill-conceived exchange programs, low motivation, moral and material. Thus, in conclusion the author provides some recommendations. First, to work more carefully on the development of mandatory and additional training programs. Second, to become more responsible for issues of professional orientation. Third, to provide better teaching and learning conditions for teachers. Fourth, to expand education exchange programs.
Technologies for forming future engineers’ communicative readiness in the context of professional becoming
Authors: Mikhaylova Alla G.
Published: June 2023

In the context of the modernization of domestic education and the priority of the possession of professional competencies by specialists, a high level of communication skills in future engineers ensures the readiness of a university graduate to adapt to practical engineering activities in a constantly changing environment. The potential possibilities of the educational process of the university in the formation of professional and communicative competence of future engineers in the field of artificial intelligence technologies are determined. The scientific significance of the work is in the fact that innovative technologies for future engineers communicative readiness formation in the framework of professional training are indicated. The subject of the study is the educational process, in which future engineers communicative readiness is formed. The theoretical significance of the study is in the fact that the problem of forming future engineers communicative readiness in the educational area of higher education is considered in the context of increasing requirements and the need for competitive workers in social practice. Materials and Methods. Data were collected using two means interviews and questionnaires with two groups: face-to-face (n= 50) as well as online language learning (n= 50). They demonstrate that attitude toward communicative professional readiness concept is an effective theoretical framework for designing technologies to understand the components that affect students attitudes and apply them in learning environment. Results. Weve compared the groups results and identified a more positive attitude toward language learning in face-to-face environments than in online language learning means. The empirical methods enable us to evaluate future engineers attitude to learning environment. Conclusion. The practical significance of the results of the conducted research is that the results of the research can be useful to educators. Conclusions are given on the implementation of this technique and the main technologies for its realization are presented. Prospects for further research are the issues of using digital tools to organize targeted activities to form the communicative readiness of future engineers.
Performance of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under varied sowing windows and planting patterns
Authors: Jadipujari Jyoti , Anand S. R. , B. Nagangoudar Mahantesh , Rao G. E. , Murthy K. Kalyana
Published: June 2023

The experiment on “Performance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under varied sowing windows and planting patterns” was carried out at Main Research Station, Hebbal, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, during Kharif-2019. The experiment constituted four sowing dates (D1: July second fortnight, D2: August first fortnight, D3: August second fortnight and D4: September first fortnight) and four planting patterns (S1: 30 × 15 cm, S2: 45 × 15 cm, S3: 60 × 15 cm and S4: 75 × 15 cm) and replicated thrice was laid out in split-plot design. The results revealed that, increase in AGR and CGR with advancement of age of quinoa and was peak at 60 DAS and showed decreasing trend towards harvest. Sowing during July second fortnight showed significantly, higher AGR and CGR between 30-60 DAS (0.367 and 5.11, respectively) and grain and stover yield (2051 and 2439 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to other sowing windows. Similarly, between 60 DAS-harvest, Absolute Growth Rate and Crop Growth Rate (0.195 and 2.65, respectively) were significantly higher under July second fortnight sowing window, yet was found to be on par with sowing on August first fortnight and August second fortnight. In contrary, September first fortnight sown crop reached days to 50 per cent flowering (43.90) and days to maturity (97.36) early, which was significantly lower compared to other sowing windows and found on par with August first fortnight sown crop (41.16 and 95.53, respectively). Among the varied planting patterns, 45 × 15 cm spacing was found to be optimum and recorded significantly higher grain and stover yield (1941 and 2346 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to other spacings.
Expressed sequence tag-based prediction of putative genes responsive to drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) using in silico approach
Authors: Dinesh Akula , Soundarya Borka , Muralidhara B , Jagadeesh K
Published: June 2023

In present genomic era, rapid genetic gains can be achieved by exploitation of novel genes associated with the trait of interest employing molecular breeding and genetic engineering. In the present study genes responsible for drought stress in rice 10746 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), expressed under drought stress condition were retrieved from the NCBI. The downloaded ESTs were clustered and assembled into 1120 contigs and 5559 singletones using CAP3 programme. The contigs were further subjected to identification of transcription factor, a total of 62 putative transcription factors were identified and sorted into 17 putative TF families. The contigs were subjected to BLASTX in NCBI to identify unique sequence which were further aligned to  Oryza sativa Indica Group (ASM465v1) in gramene database using BLAT to retrieve the upstream and downstream sequences for putative gene identification. The retrieved sequences were analysed for transcription start site, PolyA tails and coding sequences which are essential features of gene using online tool fsgene. The present study found that, 46 contigs out of 1120 contigs has key gene structure and was considered as putative novel genes which may contribute to the drought tolerance in indica rice. These genes may be useful in development of drought tolerant varieties through smart breeding
Nutrient use efficiency indices as influenced by nutrient management practices under cotton-green gram intercropping system in vertisols
Authors: Ramteke Pratik , Gabhane Vijay
Published: June 2023

A field study was conducted during 2021-22 at the Research field of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, (Dr. PDKV) Akola, Maharashtra (India), on an ongoing long-term experiment initiated in 1987-88 under cotton + green gram (1:1) intercropping system in Vertisols. The eight treatments comprised of a control, sole use of organics and chemical fertilizers, and integration of organics with chemical fertilizers to partially substitute Nitrogen (N). The results after 35th cycle revealed that the uptake of N, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) was significantly higher in Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) treatments, particularly the treatments T6 and T7 where 50 percent N was substituted by either gliricidia or Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Further, the various parameters of nutrient use efficiency of N, P, and K were also found to be significantly higher in INM treatments followed by T2 (100% RDF). Therefore, the present investigation concludes that under the cotton + green gram intercropping system in Vertisols, INM that involves conjoint use of different nutrient sources appears to be a promising strategy for improvement in fertilizer use efficiency as a whole including Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE).
Effect of integrated nutrient management in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) on micronutrient uptake and physical properties of soil
Authors: Thakur Saurabh , Kumar Anil , Sepehya Swapana , Kapoor Aanchal
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh). The experiment consisted of eleven treatments which were carried out in randomized block design with three replications. Observations for micronutrient uptake and soil physical properties were recorded and it was found that the lowest bulk density of the soil was achieved with treatment T6 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost) and T11 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter). Particle density, porosity and water holding capacity were also slightly improved with the application of different treatments, however the differences were not significant. Further, application of chemical fertilizer or organic manure or both with or without biofertilizer positively influenced the micronutrient uptake (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and the maximum uptake was recorded in treatment T11 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter), while minimum was observed under treatment T1 (control).
Performance evaluation of tractor mounted boom sprayer on chilly crop
Authors: Pramod Pawase Pranav , Raosaheb Gatkal Narayan , Kashinath Khurdal Jagdish , Madhukar Nalawade Sachin
Published: June 2023

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable and spice crop belongs to Solanaceae family which grown all over the world. Dried pods contain 36 gms of carbohydrates, 18 gms of proteins, and excellent source of vitamin A and vitamin C which together provide roughly 160 calories of energy per 100 gms (Narayanan et al., 1999). Area, production and productivity of Chilli in India was 7.43 Lakh ha, 19.14 Lakh Tonnes and 2576 kg/ha, respectively (Anonymous, 2018). Keeping in mind, above parameters the performance of tractor operated boom sprayer was tested on Chilly crop. Under laboratory conditions, the designed boom sprayer performed excellently at 0.90 l/min nozzle discharge and 689.5 kPa operating pressure. It was observed that droplet size, spray uniformity, and droplet density was influenced by the nozzle discharge rate and pressure of 0.45, 0.70, 0.90, and 1.35 l/min and 275.8, 413.7, 551.6, and 689.5 kPa, respectively. The Volume Median Daimater (VMD), Uniformity Coefficient (UC) and Droplet Density (DD) of the existing boom sprayer have 130.9-206.36 µm, 0.98-1.39 and 11-27 number of droplets/cm2, respectively, for nozzle 0.9 lpm and pressure 689.5 kPa. The modified sprayer has droplet sizes between 125.04 and 181.42 m, droplet densities between 16 and 27 number of droplets/cm2, and uniformity coefficients between 0.99 and 1.25 at nozzle discharges of 0.90 l/min. With the 689.5 kPa working pressure and 0.90 l/min nozzle discharge, the designed boom sprayer offers notably higher discharge and nozzle pressure in each individual nozzle than the existing sprayer.
Potential of Melia dubia-wheat based agroforestry system to cope up with climate change
Authors: Narender  , Arya Sandeep , Nanda Krishma , Yadav Sunaina , Singh Tejinder , Ranawat J. S.
Published: June 2023

Climate change has impact on agricultural production, because it raises CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which leads to higher temperatures. Agroforestry systems aid in climate change adaptation and mitigation by providing relatively lower temperature beneath the tree canopy. Therefore, diversified agricultural systems are needed to be identified and studied throughout the world that can help annual crops in providing better survival conditions with least effects on yield. Although food crop output in agroforestry systems is lower than in open regions, agroforestry is seen to be capable of supporting food security, soil and water conservation, land use diversification, and micronutrient adequacy and most importantly climate change mitigation. The present study showed that all the tree parameters (i.e., tree DBH, tree height and canopy spread) recorded in the intercropped conditions (Melia dubia based agroforestry system) were found higher compared to the trees devoid of intercrops. Trees with intercrops showed more canopy spread, tree height and DBH (6.9 m, 16.3m, 56.6 m) as compared to pure stand (6.6 m, 16.2 m, 55.6 m) of Melia dubia trees. The canopy temperature depression (CTD) of wheat crop grown with Melia dubia trees was -5.58 0C whereas; -5.27 0C CTD was recorded in non-shaded conditions. Significantly higher biological yield was observed in wheat variety HD 3086 in open and intercropped conditions (134.9 q/ha and 100.5 q/ha respectively). Study revealed that M. dubia based agroforestry provides trees to perform better in intercropped conditions and provides favourable environment for the crop growing beneath in terms of lowering temperature and maintaining apt moisture to the crop raised beneath.
Field bio-efficacy, phytotoxicity of different insecticides against invasive leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis in potato and its safety to natural enemies
Authors: S S Monica , Bojan Vinothkumar
Published: June 2023

In order to assess the efficiency of different pesticides, their phytotoxicity, and the safety of natural enemies in potato fields of the Nilgiris district against the recently existing invasive pest, Liriomyza huidobrensis, two field experiments were conducted at two different locations, namely Kukkal in Kotagiri and Kappachi in Ooty, both located in the district Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. The outcomes showed that cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 75 g a.i. /ha and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S @ 30 g a.i. /ha were helpful for managing L. huidobrensis. Following spraying, coccinellid and spider populations first declined, but gradually rose. Following it, Profenofos 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. /ha was also demonstrated to yield favourable results, but it was rejected because it significantly reduced the population of natural enemies. Additionally, it was discovered that none of the pesticides had any phototoxic effects on potato during the trial. In light of the fact that profenofos 50 EC has a similar impact on the natural enemy population as cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S @ 30 g a.i. ha-1, they can be used successfully as a management strategy for potato leaf miner.
Relative bioefficacy of different insecticides against sucking pest complex of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and their effect on natural enemies present under field condition
Authors: Pramanik Kaushik , Meena Radhe Shyam , Barman Mainak , Layek Amit , Nandi Pranabesh
Published: June 2023

The field experiment was carried out on tomato in the Rabi season of 2019-20 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The crop variety, Arka Vikas (Selection 22) was selected to evaluate the bioefficacy of nine different insecticidal treatments against the sucking pest complex and the natural enemies in tomato under field conditions. Two sprays at 15 days intervals of ten treatments with three replications were applied. The treatments were Diafenthiuron 50% WP, Abamectin 1.8% EC, Buprofezin 25% SC, Indoxacarb 14.5% SC, Spinosad 45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Pymetrozine 50% WG, Flonicamid 50% WG, and Lancer Gold (50 + 1.8) % SP and control (water spray). Observations were recorded one day before and 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 15th days after each spray. For controlling Whitefly (B. tabaci), Lancer gold was observed to be the best (76.98%), followed by Pymetrozine (69.03%) and Flonicamid (59.39%). At the same time, Flonicamid was excellent (70.62%) in controlling Aphids (A. gossypii), followed by Lancer gold (67.15%) and Pymetrozine (65.48%). In case of a reduction of damage by Thrips (T. tabaci), Lancer gold showed the best result (75.60%), followed by Buprofezin (68.45%) and Flonicamid (65.69%). However, all the treatments showed minute toxicity for the natural enemies; yet Flonicamid and Lancer gold were significantly safer among all of them.
Micro scale level rainfall trend analysis at Madhira, Khammam district of Telangana
Authors: Dharavath Nagaraju , J. Hemantha Kumar , K. Ravi Kumar , W Jessie Suneetha , K. Rukmini Devi , V. Chaithanya , P.S.M. Phanisri , R. Uma Reddy , J. V. Prasad , A. Sravani
Published: June 2023

Rainfall is an important factor for agriculture in India as nearly 60 per cent net arable land lacks irrigation and water availability determines the yield of pulses, rice, wheat and sugarcane. The variation of rainfall was one of the major concerns under present climatic situation challenging the farmers to obtain optimum farm production and maintain employment. Therefore, trend analysis was examined for long-term trends from 1975-2021 for rainfall at micro scale level of Madhira in Telangana state. In this study, average monthly and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation (CV) was ranging from 43.91 to 300.56 per cent and 27.44 to 171.87 per cent, respectively. The annual value of kurtosis and skewness were -0.39 and 0.47 which resembles light tailed to normal distribution and positively skewed resembling right to the mean. During monsoon, post monsoon and annual rainfall trends were showing non-significantly deceasing trend while winter and post monsoon showed non-significantly increasing trends but, as per Spearman's Rho (non parametric) tests significant increasing trend for winter season. Overall, the four decades of observations showed that there is alternate increasing and decreasing trend at Madhira for monsoon season. The post-monsoon season four decades showed negative departures and annual rainfall was mostly dominated by monsoon, a similar pattern was observed in it also.
Screening germplasm lines for identification of resistant source against gray mold disease (Amphobotrys ricini (N.F. Buchw.) Hennebert) of castor
Authors: Greeshma K , Devi Gali Uma , Prasad Ravulapalli Durga , Senapathy Senthilvel , Kumar Viswanathaswamy Dinesh , Rahman S.J.
Published: June 2023

The present study was aimed to screen castor germplasm lines varying in wax content against gray mold disease for the identification of resistance source under in vitro conditions using detached spike and detached capsule technique. Out of thirty-three lines screened against gray mold under in vitro conditions six lines with low wax content viz., RG-1754 (0.24 µg/mg), RG-1875 (0.12 µg/mg), RG-1915 (0.21 µg/mg), RG-1919 (0.24 µg/mg), RG-1972 (0.08 µg/mg) and RG-1926 (0.08 µg/mg) recorded significantly low levels of infection ranging from 10 to 20 per cent 7 days after inoculation. Whereas the susceptible cultivar DCH -519 has recorded disease severity of more than 90 %. The pearman's rank correlation analysis showed a strong positive relation between disease severity and capsule wax content, with p < 0.01 and r = 0.884.
Revitalization of Rawa Pening lake, Indonesia
Authors: Mujiburohman Dian Aries , Andari Dwi Wulan Titik
Published: June 2023

Rawa Pening Lake has been in critical condition, caused by high sedimentation levels, declining water quality, damage to the watershed, and excessive riparian occupation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main problems of the revitalization of Rawa Pening lake. Data and information collection were carried out through direct observation and interviews. The results showed that the main problems of the lake were the removal of the water weeds/water hyacinths, tidal rice fields, and buildings on the lake and riparian areas. The solution to the three main problems is lake revitalization. The revitalization concept that can be proposed regarding the control of water hyacinth is by mechanical means (using water hyacinth lifting equipment, boats, and cutting water hyacinth) and by biological methods, namely the cultivation of koan fish that will eat water hyacinth. At the tidal rice fields, it is necessary to determine the water level limit wisely. The areas with elevation of 462.30 m3-463.25 m3 (covering an area of 812 Ha) can be planted twice a year. The areas with a height of 462.05 m3-462.30 m3 (covering an area of 200 Ha) can be planted once in the rainy season. The areas with elevation of 462.05 m3 cannot be planted because it is in a state of flooding. Incommensurate areas and lakes, there is a lot of land and buildings consisting of settlements, tourism destinations, places of worship, and restaurants. Then the proposed alternative solution is the land acquisition compensation of land and buildings in commensurate areas.
Evaluation of growth and seed yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: T N Deepak , S. N Vasudevan , R. S Ramanji , U. Tejaswini
Published: June 2023

The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya to study the impact of intercropping and nutrient dose on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and seed yield. The results revealed the significant differences for growth and yield parameters of chickpea due to intercropping systems and fertilizer doses. A sole grown chickpea showed significantly higher plant height at harvest (35.73cm), number of pods per plant (42.02), hundred seed weight (23.20 g) and seed yield of chickpea (1733 kg/ha) compared to intercropping of chickpea with sorghum, safflower or linseed. Whereas, among fertilizer doses, application of 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) produced noticeably taller plants at harvest (35.51 cm), number of pods (38.38), hundred seed weight (22.53 g) and seed yield of chickpea (1343 kg/ha) compared to other fertilizer doses. Therefore, sole cropping of chickpea with 150 per cent RDF could be recommended for certified seed production programme.
Ecotoxicological studies of selected agrochemicals on the moulting stages of Cyphoderus javanus under laboratory conditions
Authors: LR Bhavya , Kumar M.G. Sanal
Published: June 2023

Indiscriminate use of toxic pesticides in agriculture has raised serious
concerns worldwide, which led to a steady destruction of soil biota as well as the overall health of ecosystem. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of selected agrochemicals such as cyfluthrin (insecticide), fytran (fungicide) and oxadiargyl (herbicide) on the moulting stages of soil springtail Cyphoderus javnaus. Laboratory analysis results indicated that the agrochemical treated organisms showed prolonged moulting intervals and need more days than normal to become a complete adult having sexual maturity. On treatment with the sub lethal concentration of oxadiargyl, first moult noticed after12th day, second moult after24 th day, third moult after 36 th day of egg hatching. The effect of herbicide oxadiargyl on Cyphoderus javanus was found to be comparatively higher than that of other two pesticides. The changes noticed in developmental stages, moulting period and egg laying pattern in Cyphoderus javanus when exposed to agrochemicals indicated that this soil collembolan is a potential biomarker of ecotoxicology investigations.
Green fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Anagallis arvensis ethanolic extract and their antibacterial properties
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Kumar Sanjay , Bithel Navneet
Published: June 2023

Green approach of zinc oxide nanoparticle fabrication is a reliable reaction that has compatibility with many biological properties. In the present study the approach of zinc oxide nanoparticle has been synthesized by A. arvensis aerial part using ethanol extract. The morphological, compositional and structural properties have been investigated by SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies. XRD technique demonstrated the crystallite size of 17nm with the help of Debye-Scherrer's equation which was obtained in nanorange. SEM technique demonstrated their microscopic agglomerated crystal image of green synthesizes metal in zinc oxide nanoparticle. FTIR technique represents the different types of biomolecules i.e. phenol, alkynes etc. that are responsible for good nanoparticle fabrication. These biomolecules work as encapsulation and stabilization agents for nanoparticle fabrication. These all properties of nanoparticle fabrication have been responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Biological control of Fusarium-wilt and quality improvement of Sesamum indicum cv. ST-1 using fluorescent Pseudomonas
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Banerjee Chiranjib , Vishnoi Vineet Kumar
Published: June 2023

Seven plant growth-promoting bacterial strains (LES1-LES7) were isolated from rhizosphere of Lycoperscion esculentum Mill. (Tomato) and further screened based on colony morphology, carbon source utilization and biochemically characterized as fluorescent Pseudomonads. Among the isolates prominent strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4 produced maximum siderophores in vitro besides indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, solubilized insoluble inorganic phosphate and secreted β-1, 3-glucanase urease and chitin solubilizing enzymes chitinase. It also exhibited a strong antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami when co-cultured on nutrient agar medium and inhibiting the growth of the pathogen by 69% after 5 days incubation at 28 ± 1°C. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L. cv. ST-1). When surface sterilized seeds bacterized with P. aeruginosa LES4 showed enhancement in seedling sprouting early vegetative growth, and increased seed yield components viz. biomass accumulation, and all other yield and quality improving components. Strain LES4 significantly reduced the wilt disease of sesame in F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami-infested soil. Moreover, Tn5 induced streptomycin resistant trans-conjugants of spontaneous tetracycline-resistant LES4 (designated LES4tetra+strep+) used to exhibit efficient rhizosphere colonization of sesame. Such properties of fluorescent P. aeruginosa LES4 prove it as a beneficial and potential microbial agent against wilt causing sesame.
Floristic inventory of S. R. T. campus of HNB Garhwal University (Badshahi Thaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand): A semi-natural environment
Authors: Dobhal Asha , Uniyal Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2023

The paper provides a floristic account of the S. R. T. Campus (HNB Garhwal University, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand) which enumerates 193 taxa, distributed under 158 genera and 70 families of Angiosperms, Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes. Life form analysis revealed the presence of 65.28% herbs, 17.62 % shrubs 12.44 % trees, and. climber 4.66%. Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rosaceae revealed as the dominant families (in term of number of species) which together contributed 36.46% in the total species count. Desmodium with 4 species revealed as the dominant genus followed by Carex, Solanum, and Indigofera (3 species each). Of these, 17.13% species bears white flower, 15.47% yellow, 11.61% Pink, 9.94% green, blue 7.185.52 purple, 4.42% red while rest of the species (28.74%) bears flowers of other than colour class.
Fish antimicrobial peptides: at a glance
Authors: Panwar Sachin , Semwal Prabhakar , Thapliyal Madhu , Thapliyal Ashish , Yaro Clement Ameh , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: June 2023

Generally, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as an important part of innate immunity, due to which they provide the first line of defence against various pathogens. Additionally, they also kill pathogens that show resistance towards many antibiotics. Fishes are regularly challenged by various pathogens which not only affect their health but the risk of becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics is also increasing. As fishes shows more dependence on innate immunity, AMPs can aid as important defensive weapon in fishes. In general, AMPs exhibit various multidimensional characteristics such as neutralization of pathogens (viral, fungal & bacterial), rapidly diffuse to the infection site, and other immune cells recruitment to the infected tissues. AMPs also show various biological effects such as immunomodulation, neutralization of endotoxin and angiogenesis induction. There are numerous AMPs that have been isolated from fishes but not fully characterized at molecular level. In this review we basically focus on approaches used to design new AMP, machine learning approach, current objectives of AMPs and future prospects.
MARS VƏ AYDA 6 SƏRBƏSTLİK DƏRƏCƏLİ YENİ ROVERİN STRUKTUR SİNTEZİ
Authors: Rasim Əlizadə, Daşqın Ağayev Rasim Əlizadə, Daşqın Ağayev , Emil Qədiməliyev Emil Qədiməliyev
Published: June 2023

Maşın elmi həmişə inkişafdadır və robototexnika, mexatronika, mikromekanizmlər və s. kimi mövzular bu gün, XXI əsrin əvvəllərində sürətlə inkişaf edir. Bu sahələrdə elmi tədqiqatların yığılması və artan istehsal fəaliyyəti qaçılmaz olaraq köhnə nəzəriyyənin yenidən nəzərdən keçirilməsinə ehtiyac yaradır. Yeni bir nəzəriyyə yeni bir istiqamətdə yaradılmalı və praktikada istifadə üçün daha uyğun olmalıdır.
Robot mexaniki sistemin dizaynında ən vacib addımlardan biri mexanizmlərin struktur sintezi probleminin həllidir. Mexanizmin səmərəsiz dizaynı, konstruktiv baxımdan kinematik cütlərə həddindən artıq yüklərə səbəb olacaqdır. Bu mərhələdə struktur sintezindən istifadə edərək manipulyatorun və ya robotun dizaynı təkmilləşdirilə və tənzimlənə bilər.
Paralel manipulyatorların struktur sintezi metodumuz müəyyən bir sintez parametrləri dəsti üçün sadə struktur qruplarının müəyyənləşdirilməsi ilə başlayır. Sonra manipulyatorun formalaşması üçün qrupa bir sıra zəruri aktuatorlar əlavə olunur. Manipulyatorun dizaynı ilə əlaqəli həndəsə və kinematika kimi digər cəhətlər də konstruktiv baxımdan nəzərdən keçirilir.
Açar sözlər: 6 sərbəstlik dərəcəsi, rover, manipulyator, sintez, kinematik cütlər.
SUALTI KƏMƏRLƏRDƏ RİSKLƏRİN TƏHLİLİ VƏ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ
Authors: Ramiz İsmayılov, Rəhman Ramazanov Ramiz İsmayılov, Rəhman Ramazanov
Published: June 2023

Karbohidrogenlərin dəniz hasilatı platformalarından sahil emal müəssisələrinə və ya digər dəniz qurğularına daşınması neft və qaz sənayesində ən vacib prosesdir. Sualtı boru kəmərləri bu prosesdə həlledici rol oynayır.Neft, qaz və su kimi mayelərin təhlükəsiz və səmərəli daşınmasını təmin edir. Bununla birlikdə, sualtı boru kəmərlərinin istismar edildiyi sərt şərtlər,təbii fəlakətlər, dəniz şəraiti və korroziya nəticəsində zədələnmə riski də daxil olmaqla əhəmiyyətli problemlər yaradır.Sualtı boru kəmərlərinin təhlükəsizliyini və etibarlılığını təmin etməyin vacibliyini qiymətləndirmək çətindir. Boru kəmərinin işinin pozulması ətraf mühitə ziyan,maliyyə itkisi və insan həyatı üçün təhlükə daxil olmaqla ciddi nəticələrə səbəb ola bilər.Buna görə də potensial təhlükələri azaltmaq və boru kəmərlərinin sıradan çıxmasının qarşısını almaq üçün sualtı boru kəmərləri ilə əlaqəli risklərin təhlilini və qiymətləndirilməsini aparmaq lazımdır.
Baxılan işdə sualtı boru kəmərlərinin riskləri haqqında biliklərin hazırki vəziyyətini araşdırılmış, mövcud risk qiymətləndirmə metod və texnikalarını nəzərdən keçirilmişdir. Ədəbiyyatdakı potensial boşluqlar müəyyənləşdirmiş və həll yolları öyrənilmişdir.
Nəticədə müəyyən olunmuşdur ki, müxtəlif metodların təhlili müəyyən risk növlərini qiymətləndirmək üçün ən dəqiq metodları müəyyənləşdirməsini asanlaşdırır .Həmçinin risk qiymətləndirmə metodlarını müqayisə etmək, risk təhlili prosesində boşluq və ya uyğunsuzluq olan sahələri müəyyənləşdirməyə kömək edir.
Açar sözlər: sualtı kəmər, risk, kəmiyyət üsulları, təhlükə, qiymətləndirmə, metod.
İŞLƏNMƏNİN SON MƏRHƏLƏSİNDƏ OLAN YATAQLARIN NEFT HASİLATININ OPTİMAL PROQNOZ ÜSULUNUN SEÇİLMƏSİ
Authors: Arif Süleymanov, Cavad Аxundov Arif Süleymanov, Cavad Аxundov
Published: June 2023

Məqsəd İşlənmənin yekun mərhələsində olan yataqlarda neftin hasilatındakı əlverişli proqnoz metodunun istifadəsi,İşlənmə zamanı yekun hissədə işlənən yataq və yataqlardır.İşlənmədə son mərhələ dövrünü yaşayan yataqlar üzərində əlverişli proqnoz metodunun işlənməsi önəmli faktordur İşlənmədə yekun mərhələ dövründə qalan yataqlarda xassələr və mövcud prosesə toxunulmuş,yatağdakı vəziyətə münasib əlverişli proqnoz üsulu işlənmişdir Nəticə olaraq İlk öncə yatağın işlənməsi nəzərdə tutulmaqla yataqları biz bir sıra mərhələyə ayırıb bu mərhələlərdəki yataq göstəricilərini və xassələrini araşdırırıq. Mərhələ sayı arta-arta yataqdakı neftin verilmə əmsalı get gedə azalır, bunun səbəbi kimi sulaşmanı və başqa problemləri misal göstərə bilərik. Bu tip yataqlar üçün hasilata görə uyğun proqnoz metodu tapılır və işlənir. Belə proqnoz tiplərinin tapılmasnda ilk növbədə yataq modeli və bəzi kriteriyalar hesabatı mühim faktordur. Tətbiq sahəsi- İşlənmənin son dövrünü yaşayan neft yataqlardır
Açar sözlər: yataq;neft, modelləşmə,proqnoz.
MAIN PIPELINES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT METHODS
Authors: Rahim Mammadov, Ogtay Rahimov Rahim Mammadov, Ogtay Rahimov
Published: June 2023

Today it is difficult to imagine the development of modern society without the discovery of oil and gas fields, the development of ways to transport these products, their processing and the full use of these products in various industries.
The general problem of the functioning of the pipeline system is complicated by the fact that the existing firefighting equipment and technologies cannot reliably ensure safety, as evidenced by the growing number of emergencies associated with fires at facilities.
The existing control systems for the operation of main oil pipelines require revision and modernization in terms of automation, the introduction of innovative technologies and computer systems. The leak detection method described in the paper is the most promising both for upgrading the leak detection system and for the oil pipeline safety management system as a whole.
The leak detection system under study is based on the work of microscopic robots that move along the pipeline along with the oil product. The correct operation of microscopic robots requires a careful approach to the development of their control algorithms. Currently, oil (its products) and gas are the main energy carriers and are considered mass cargoes, so it is of particular importance to transport them continuously with minimum losses, in a short period of time, relatively inexpensively and safely. Oil and oil products are mainly transported by rail, water, road and pipelines. In some cases, oil products can be delivered to operators by air transport methods. The selection of each mentioned transportation method depends on the size and nature of the products to be transported, as well as the location of oil fields, oil refineries, oil bases, and consumers. One of the most important conditions is to minimize costs in all cases and prevent irrational situations.
In recent years, the focus on environmental protection, as well as the need to ensure the safety of pipelines and surrounding communities, has intensified the search for innovative solutions to minimize risks and optimize the transportation process. The implementation of advanced leak detection systems, like the one based on microscopic robots, demonstrates the growing emphasis on proactive measures to address pipeline safety concerns.
These microscopic robots, also known as nanobots, can be designed with specialized sensors to detect changes in pressure, temperature, and chemical composition within the pipeline. By continuously monitoring the conditions inside the pipeline, the nanobots can quickly identify any deviations from the normal operation and alert the control systems about potential leaks or other issues. This real-time data can then be used to implement timely interventions, preventing catastrophic failures and minimizing environmental impact.
Keywords: Pipeline, oil, development, product,
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND TEXTURE ANALYSIS H3PMo12O40/TiO2 CATALYSTS
Authors: Elvira Huseynova, Sabina Yusubova Elvira Huseynova, Sabina Yusubova , Lamiya Mursalova, Fidan Alasgarova Lamiya Mursalova, Fidan Alasgarova
Published: June 2023

The results of research on the surface morphology and textural properties of H3PMo12O40/TiO2 catalysts are introduced in this article. The nature of the effect of additives on the surface structure and dimensional characteristics of titanium dioxide modified with phosphomolybdic acid was defined: after the introduction of the modifier, there is a tendency to decrease the specific surface area, the more, the higher the content of H3PMo12O40; without exception, all H3PMo12O40 -containing samples are characterized by the content of crystallites of larger average sizes (41–80 µm) than the original sample; samples containing particles with an average radius of about 60–80 µm have the highest activity; porosity changes symbiotically with the indicators of the total pore volume - it decreases with an increase of the amount of H3PMo12O40, which is associated with the blocking of small pores by the modifier. It is concluded that the specific surface area and fineness are not the key factors responsible for the high catalytic activity in the process of converting isopropyl alcohol to diisopropyl ether.
Keywords: titanium dioxide, phosphomolybdic acid, scanning electron microscopy, morphology, specific surface area
NƏZARƏT-IZLƏYICI SISTEMLƏRIN ELEKTROMEXANIKI QURĞULARININ XARAKTERISTIKALARI
Authors: Gülşən Kərimzadə, Ceyhun Qasımov Gülşən Kərimzadə, Ceyhun Qasımov
Published: June 2023

Təqdim edilən məqalədə nəzarət-izləyici idarə sistemlərin elekromexaniki qurğularının bəzi xarakteristikalarına baxılmışdır. Sabitlik, effektivlik, yük forması avtomatikanın elektromexaniki qurğularının, sınaq aparaturasının və s. etibarlığını, dəqiqliyini, səmərəliyini və xidmət müddətini təyin edirlər. Xarakteristikaların təyini, ilkin verilənlər və çıxış parametrləri arasındakı analitik əlaqələrin müəyyən edilməsi nəzarət-izləyici idarə sistemlər avadanlıqlarının parametrlərinin layihələndirilməsində məsələlərin həlli üçün alqoritminin mərhələlərindən biridir, bu da öz növbəsində tənliklər sistemindən ibarət olan riyazi modelin işlənməsinə vasitədir, və onların həlli ilkin verilənlər və parametrlər arasında analitik əlaqələrin yaranmasına imkan yaradır.
Açar sözlər: elektromexaniki qurğu, nəzarət-izləyici sistem, xarakteristika, elektrik intiqalı, mühərrik, güc, fiə, effektivlik, etibarlıq, idarəetmə, mənbə, siqnal, faza, amplituda.
A REVIEW OF THE SOLUTIONS FOR AUTONOMOUS EXPOSURE OF INTRUSIONS AND MALICIOUS ACTIVITIES IN AUTOMATED NETWORKS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BIG DATASETS
Authors: Latafat Gardashova, Pavel Kosov Latafat Gardashova, Pavel Kosov
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, networks are not fully automated due to complex and complicated issues that have not been solved for a long time. In order to bring the network closer to automation, such problems as unsupervised searches for intrusions and malicious attacks must be resolved. Modern and cutting-edge ways to hack the network, intercept traffic, and plant malicious programs appear daily, making research even more difficult. Currently, we need unique and universal ways to identify interventions in networks. New comprehensive solutions must have self-controlled systems that can work autonomously and stop intrusions, heal the system, predict new vulnerable places of the networks, and prognosticate new ways of intrusions into the software-defined networks. Furthermore, current traffic is passed in massive amounts, and data representation types vary from vendor to vendor of network devices. Such problems as storage, processing, bringing the data to the same kind of representation, and creating self-supervised learning play a tremendously significant role. This article reviews different ways of using a genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic, or more precisely, fuzzy inference, fuzzy interpolation, and fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy logic-based solutions might not only be overlooked for the exposure of intrusions and malicious activities in the networks, but they can also help with an extensive range of problems of Big Data and help to balance the data and enhance processing and sorting it.
Keywords: intrusion detection system, information security, fuzzy logic, fuzzy inference, fuzzy clustering.
BİOMÜHƏNDİSLİKDƏ AĞILLI TEXNOLOGİYALARDAN İSTİFADƏ EDİLMƏSİ
Authors: Samirə Maliyeva Samirə Maliyeva
Published: June 2023

Biomühəndisliyin inkişaf istiqamətləri nəzərdən keçirilmiş, bu sənaye sahəsinin tərkib hissələri təhlil edilmiş, biomühəndislikdə elm sahələri ilə müasir texnologiyalar arasında əlaqənin strukturu verilmişdir. Göstərilmişdir ki, elmin əsas sahələri biologiya, tibb, riyaziyyat, fizika, kimya, mühəndisliyin sahələri isə tətbiqi riyaziyyat, tətbiqi fizika, tətbiqi kimya, informasiya texnologiyaları, süni intellekt, additiv istehsal, nanotexnologiya və istehsalın avtomatlaşdırılmasıdır. Əsas diqqət yeni informasiya texnologiyalarının, xüsusən də informasiyanın qeyri-müəyyənliyi şəraitində məlumatların emalı və qərar qəbulu üçün güclü vasitə olan süni intellekt alqoritmlərinin, biotibbi siqnalların toplanması, emalı və ötürülməsi proseslərinin avtomatlaşdırılmasına yönəldilmişdir. Bu işləmələr cihazların və avadanlıqların istismarının səmərəliliyini və onların avtomatlaşdırılması səviyyəsini əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə artıra bilər. Bədənin müxtəlif hissələrinin və orqanlarının 3D printerlərdən istifadə etməklə additiv istehsalı da biomühəndisliyin əsas istiqamətlərindən biri olub, müvafiq modellərin adekvatlığını artırmaq məqsədilə istehsal olunan məhsulların dəqiqliyini və etibarlılığını yüksəltməyi tələb edir.
Açar sözlər: kardiostimulyatorlar, maqnit rezonans tomoqrafiyası, biomühəndislik, süni intellekt, nanotexnologiya, autizm spektri.