bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Session One: Positive Introduction and Gratitude Journal
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

In Session One, clients learn about the clinical environment; this chapter also clarifies client and clinician roles and responsibilities. This session teaches how to start the ongoing practice of cultivating gratitude through journaling positive experiences and appreciating the impact of gratitude on well-being. The two positive psychotherapy practices covered in this session are Positive Introduction and Gratitude Journal. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to both the Positive Introduction and the Gratitude Journal and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes two case studies to illustrate the use of Positive Introduction and the Gratitude Journal.
Session Three: Practical Wisdom
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

In Session Three, clients learn about the Aristotelian concept of practical wisdom, that is, the adaptive use of strengths to be used to live a good, meaningful, and virtuous life. These skills teach us how to adaptively apply signature strengths in a balanced way to solve problems. The central positive psychotherapy practice covered in this session is Know-How of Strengths. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to practical wisdom and offers three different worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study to illustrate the use of practical wisdom.
Session Twelve: Positive Relationships
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Positive relationships come in many forms, including family. Biological or otherwise, all family members possess strengths and resources. Due to negative attributions and the negativity bias, these strengths may be less evident. In Session Twelve, clients learn the significance of recognizing the strengths of their loved ones. The central positive psychotherapy practice covered in this session is creating a Tree of Positive Relationships. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to positive relationships and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study that illustrates positive relationships.
Session Thirteen: Positive Communication
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

In Session Thirteen, clients learn about four styles of responding to good news. These include active constructive, active destructive, passive constructive, and passive destructive responding. Of these styles, only Active Constructive Responding (ACR)—the central practice covered in this session—predicts relationship satisfaction. Self-disclosure of positive events is critical for secure bonding and for the development of intimacy. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to ACR and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study that illustrates ACR. Tips for using ACR are also provided.
Session Fourteen: Altruism
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Altruism is helping others without being asked for it and without any financial reimbursement. In positive psychotherapy (PPT), meaning entails using one’s signature strengths to belong to and serve something that one believes is bigger than the self. One wants to make a life that matters to the world and create a difference for the better. The psychological benefits of altruism are significant. In Session Fourteen, clients learn how being altruistic helps both themselves and others. The central PPT practice covered in this session is the Gift of Time. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to the Gift of Time and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes real-life case studies that illustrate giving the gift of time.
Conclusion
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

The central point of positive psychotherapy (PTT) at enhancing our strengths, along with improving our symptoms, is an effective therapeutic approach—like health is better than sickness, security is better than fear, relaxation is better than stress, cooperation is better than conflict, and hope is better than despair. The PPT practices in this workbook have hopefully helped readers direct their attention, memory, and expectations away from the negative and catastrophic and toward positive and optimistic outcomes. PPT is not a prescription; it is an approach based on scientific evidence that documents the benefits of paying attention to the positive aspects of human experience
Deep Brain Stimulation for Pain in the Modern Era: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frizon Leonardo A , Yamamoto Erin A , Nagel Sean J , Simonson Marian T , Hogue Olivia , Machado Andre G
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered for patients with intractable pain syndromes since the 1950s. Although there is substantial experience reported in the literature, the indications are contested, especially in the United States where it remains off-label. Historically, the sensory-discriminative pain pathways were targeted. More recently, modulation of the affective sphere of pain has emerged as a plausible alternative.

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review the literature from studies that used contemporary DBS technology. Our aim is to summarize the current evidence of this therapy.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries through July 2017 to review all studies using the current DBS technology primarily for pain treatment. Study characteristics including patient demographics, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications were collected.

RESULTS

Twenty-two articles were included in this review. In total, 228 patients were implanted with a definitive DBS system for pain. The most common targets used were periaqueductal/periventricular gray matter region, ventral posterior lateral/posterior medial thalamus, or both. Poststroke pain, phantom limb pain, and brachial plexus injury were the most common specific indications for DBS. Outcomes varied between studies and across chronic pain diagnoses. Two different groups of investigators targeting the affective sphere of pain have demonstrated improvements in quality of life measures without significant reductions in pain scores.

CONCLUSION

DBS outcomes for chronic pain are heterogeneous thus far. Future studies may focus on specific pain diagnosis rather than multiple syndromes and consider randomized placebo-controlled designs. DBS targeting the affective sphere of pain seems promising and deserves further investigation.
Metabolic Enhancement of the Soldier Brain
Authors: Friedl Karl E. , Grate Stephen J.
Published: January 2019

This chapter highlights current understanding of human limits of performance, with emphasis on soldier-related research and the mechanisms of stress that typically affect soldier performance. How we exercise, eat, rest, and manage our emotions has a major effect on brain metabolism and human performance. The specific “prescription” for individuals is not yet defined, but minimum thresholds can be proposed, including some form of daily physical activity; regular, adequate sleep; and a balanced diet. The US Army is the primary US federal agency charged with a research mission in performance physiology. Current research by the Army will result in specific recommendations on mode and dose of exercise, restorative sleep strategies, and specific dietary components, with broad dual-use applications to healthy active Americans. The most important conclusion to date is that these self-moderating strategies can yield major benefits to brain health and performance, and this emphasizes personal responsibility.
Brain–Computer Interfaces and Neurofeedback for Enhancing Human Performance
Authors: Sitaram Ranganatha , Corzo Andrea Sánchez , Zurita Mariana , Levican Constanza , Huepe-Artigas Daniela , Mucarquer Juan Andrés , Ramírez Matías
Published: January 2019

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), also known as brain–machine interfaces (BMIs), are a group of experimental procedures in which an external sensor is used to provide information about a specific brain process in order to change the measured quantity. A BCI acquires signals from the brain of a human or an animal using any one or more of these sensors, then selects or extracts specific features of interest from the signal and converts and then translates these into artificial output that can act on the body or the outside world. A BCI may influence human performance by replacing, restoring, supplementing, or enhancing brain function. In this chapter, we discuss the extant research in terms of experimental work and neuroscience understanding of the application of BCIs and neurofeedback systems in influencing human performance in different brain functions, namely, action, perception, cognition, and emotion, in healthy individuals, expert performers, and patients.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Friel Sharon
Published: January 2019

This chapter in the book looks forward. It begins by calling for a wider conceptual and methodological toolkit among public health researchers—one that includes systems science, social sciences as well as a focus on policymaking processes. The next part of the chapter proposes a policy vision. It considers how progressive policy systems might be created and deployed to reign in consumption, and it sets out some options for intersectoral action designed to achieve greater equality, environmental sustainability, and health equity. A focus is on how reducing material inequity produces systemic effects that are preconditions for responding to climate change as well as for achieving health equity. The chapter also reviews some of the existing global policy responses to climate change and health inequity. While acknowledging that the proposed policy vision and actions to achieve it will confront stubborn resistance, the chapter describes how change is possible through the redemptive possibilities of complexity.
Estrangement and Exemplarity
Authors: Margulies Ivone
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter starts with a brief analysis of Abbas Kiarostami’s Close-Up (1990) and the way in which reenactment serves as an ethical instrument for adjudicating motives and agency. It defines the import of in-person reenactment as a confessional-performative cinema genre distinct from other forms of dramatic reconstruction and historical or biographical illustration using actors or social actors. The notion of in-person reenactment, a mode of making public one’s past on camera so as to provide an exemplary narrative on film, is introduced as a motor of self-revision in cinema, a mode that parallels major cinematic movements of postwar realism.
Reenactment and A-filiation in Serras da Desordem
Authors: Margulies Ivone
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses Serras da Desordem (Hills of Chaos) (Andrea Tonacci, 2007), which concerns an isolated Indian who reenacts atrocities that happened thirty years earlier, including his displacement and wandering until making contact with a rancher’s family and eventually rejoining the remainder of his group. The chapter analyzes the film’s hybrid texture, its mix of reenacted scenes with archival and TV and media images and the implication of cinema in the record of multiple instances of exploitation throughout Brazilian history. It also studies two long-span films returning to events that happened twenty years earlier—Twenty Years Later: A Man Marked to Die (Eduardo Coutinho, 1964–1984) and Corumbiara (Vincent Carelli, 2006) on first contact with isolated indigenous groups as a comparison with Tonacci’s approach to return and to Brazilian history. The chapter considers Tonacci’s self-ethnographic early projects and his experimental films in relation to this ambitious allegory on Brazilian exploitation in the 1970s; it reads Tonacci’s untranslated communications by Carapiru as a willed form of opacity, an enforced, enacted process of dislocation and alienation and an indictment of Brazilian politics, a process termed “a-filiation.”
The Temporal Niche
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

Members of the same species share categorically similar rhythmic events in their communicative activities. In this fashion, conspecifics are bound in time. And this dependence on time during communicative interactions is at the heart of dynamic attending. The chapter develops the hypothesis that the resonance and entrainment capacities of an individual change over a life span. Resonance between driving rhythm and its neural correlate predicts slowing of driven oscillator periods over the life span. A corollary holds that entrainment predicts optimal phase-coupling of the driven (oscillator) with the driving (event) rhythm over the life span. Together, these two trends form the aging hypothesis. Evidence supporting the aging hypothesis is reviewed in this chapter.
Melodies of Speech
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

The focus in this chapter is on fast speech events. Specifically, it centers upon the melodies of speech created by vocal modulations of micro-driving rhythms associated with a speaker’s fundamental frequency. Briefly, it is about vocal intonation patterns in speech. Theoretically, it concentrates on a listener’s ability to engage pitch tracking (i.e., frequency following) to follow a speaker’s changing vocal pitch. To describe pitch tracking, pitch contrasts arising from vocal modulations are formalized using the important entrainment construct of a detuning curve. This methodology is described in detail. A derivative of this curve is the isolation of pitch accents as extreme pitch contrasts. The remainder of this chapter focuses on the role of pitch accents in outlining slower macro-rhythms of intonation that invite either traditional mode-locking (hence global attractors) or transient mode-locking (hence attractor profiles).
Relational Inequalities
Authors: Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Avent-Holt Dustin
Published: January 2019

Relational Inequalities focuses on the organizational production of categorical inequalities, in the context of the intersectional complexity and institutional fluidity that characterize social life. Three generic inequality-generating mechanisms—exploitation, social closure, and claims-making—distribute organizational resources, rewards, and respect. The actual levels and contours of the inequalities produced by these three mechanisms are, however, profoundly contingent on the historical moments and institutional fields in which organizations operate. Organizational inequality regimes are comprised of the resources available for distribution; the task-, class-, and status-based social relations within organizations; formal and informal practices used to accomplish goals and tasks; and internal cultural models of people, work, and inequality, often adapted from the society at large to fit local social relationships. Legal and cultural institutions as they are filtered through workplace inequality regimes steer which groups are exploited and excluded, blocking or facilitating the conditions that lead to exploitation and closure. Sometimes exploitative and closure claims-making are naked and open for all to see; more often, they are institutionalized, taken for granted, and legitimated, sometimes even by those being exploited and excluded. The implications of RIT for social science and equality agendas are discussed in the conclusion. Case studies examine historical and contemporary workplace inequality regime variation in multiple countries. The role of intersectionality in producing regime variation is explored repeatedly across the book. Many occupations and industries are examined in depth, with particular attention given to engineers, CEOs, financial service, airlines, and information technology industries.
Breaking Us Apart
Authors: Moskalenko Sophia , McCauley Clark
Published: January 2019

A martyrdom story can sound quite different depending on which side is telling it. Someone who supported the institution or power that the martyr challenged may be unable to see the martyr’s actions in the same light as those who sympathize with the martyr’s cause. For the side that oppressed the martyr, his actions might seem trivial, ambiguous, self-serving, or stupid. Just as martyrs can unite their followers, they can unite their opponents. A martyr’s peaceful example can produce violent conflict. Continuing with the Russia–Ukraine conflict that started with the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, this chapter details how martyrdom affected not only the pro-Ukrainian followers, but also pro-Russian opponents, uniting and radicalizing them.
Paying for Pollution
Authors: Metcalf Gilbert E.
Published: January 2019

In a book written for a general audience with no special knowledge of economics or environmental science, a prominent economist makes the case for the United States to enact a carbon tax. While a policy to reduce emissions has costs, the book shows in simple and direct language that failing to act on climate change is more costly. Other possible ways to reduce emissions are reviewed and the argument made that a carbon tax is preferable to those alternatives. The book also explains how Congress should design and implement the tax and how Congress should ensure that the carbon tax revenue is returned to taxpayers. Common objections to a carbon tax are addressed, showing that either these come from a misunderstanding of the science of climate change and how a carbon tax works or they can be easily addressed in carbon tax legislation.
Tantric State
Authors: Long William J.
Published: January 2019

Bhutan’s unique Buddhist-based democracy and economy provides an authentic basis for theoretical and empirical comparison with democracies and economies founded on liberal, Enlightenment principles. Bhutanese Buddhist and Western liberal conceptualizations of the individual “self,” “human nature,” and “the pursuit of happiness”—the building blocks of democratic and market-based economic theory—differ profoundly. Hence, Buddhist and liberal conceptions of what constitutes good government and appropriate economic development diverge in important ways, even though both Buddhist and liberal approaches are “democratic” and “market-based.” Because the two approaches—liberal and Buddhist—are based on distinctive philosophical traditions, this comparison elucidates new questions, frames of inquiry, and alternative understandings of democracy and development. The book describes how democratic political institutions and markets emerged and function in Bhutan, demonstrating how, in real-world terms, Bhutan organizes and operates a political and economic system consistent with its Buddhist worldview. It considers the nature of Bhutan’s unique political institutions and its economic touchstone, the pursuit of “Gross National Happiness (GNH)” (rather than Gross National Product), as its ordering principle for policy. The book concludes by reflecting on whether Bhutan’s unique model can withstand the forces of globalization and what insights Bhutan might have to share with the rest of us about dilemmas facing Western democracies and the need to pursue development in a more holistic and sustainable way.
Why Europe Intervenes in Africa
Authors: Gegout Catherine
Published: January 2019

Why Europe Intervenes in Africa analyzes the underlying causes of all European decisions for and against military interventions in conflicts in African states since the late 1980s. It focuses on the main European actors who have deployed troops in Africa: France, the United Kingdom and the European Union. When conflict occurs in Africa, the response of European actors is generally inaction. This can be explained in several ways: the absence of strategic and economic interests, the unwillingness of European leaders to become involved in conflicts in former colonies of other European states, and sometimes the Eurocentric assumption that conflict in Africa is a normal event which does not require intervention. When European actors do decide to intervene, it is primarily for motives of security and prestige, and not primarily for economic or humanitarian reasons. The weight of past relations with Africa can also be a driver for European military intervention, but the impact of that past is changing. This book offers a theory of European intervention based mainly on the approaches of realism and post-colonialism. It refutes the assumptions of liberals and constructivists who posit that states and organizations intervene primarily in order to respect the principle of the “responsibility to protect.”
Islamotopia
Authors: Knight Michael Muhammad
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the idea of American Islam, a unique expression of Islam articulated by a range of American Muslim thinkers. Special attention is given to the ways in which constructions of American Islam intersect with notions of U.S. exceptionalism to imagine the U.S. as a setting in which Muslims can recover and revive the “true” and “original” Islam. The claim that American Islam would thus be the most authentic and universal Islam, informed by the racial history of the U.S. and white privilege, has been employed to diverse ends by a variety of actors that includes conservative neo-traditionalists, progressive and feminist Muslims, and Muslim supporters of George W. Bush. This chapter investigates the development of these discourses to argue that notions of American Islam ultimately privilege white convert men as the ideal embodiments of universal Islam.
Can Robots Be Conscious?
Authors: Reber Arthur S.
Published: January 2019

The long-standing philosophical argument generally known as “hardware independent functionalism” is presented. This position maintains that consciousness is at its heart computational and any artifact that carried out all the causal functions of a mind would become conscious. This position is critiqued and shown to be hopelessly flawed. There is a long discussion on the “other minds” problem (i.e., “How do we know whether another entity, organism, person is in fact conscious?”). Included is an equally long review of Tom Nagel’s famous question (“What’s it like to be a bat?”) applied to robots and this is followed up with a review of John Searle’s “Chinese Room”—a thought experiment, now over 35 years old, which lays bare the futility of the functionalist’s position. It is acknowledged that there is a firm, almost compelling tendency to endow artifacts like human-appearing robots with sentience, and the reasons for this are discussed. The chapter ends with a summary.
Virtual Worlds, Digital Dreams
Authors: Šisler Vít
Published: January 2019

Video games are inherently transnational by virtue of their industrial, textual and player practices. Until recently, the focus of research on the social and cultural aspects of video games has been on the traditional centers of the video game industry consumption, while the international flows of digital gaming remained largely underexplored. This chapter analyzes the cultural dynamics and technological processes influencing both video game development and the gaming culture in the Middle East. It conceptualizes Middle Eastern video games as imaginary spaces that entangle diverse and contradictory processes: global cultural flows, media policies of nation states, visions and engagements of private entrepreneurs, and migration and appropriation of Western game genres and rule systems. By mapping out dominant trends, the chapter offers the opportunity to think about processes and flows influencing the video game industry in the Middle East during the first fifteen years of its existence
How Does the Performance of School-to-Work Transition Regimes Vary in the European Union?
Authors: Hadjivassiliou Kari P. , Tassinari Arianna , Eichhorst Werner , Wozny Florian
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents a cross-country comparative analysis of the variation in European youth-related school-to-work (STW) transition regimes. The chapter assesses youth labor market performance during the Great Recession in eight countries belonging to five different institutional clusters, as well as the effect of recent policy innovations on each STW transition regime’s structure and logic. The analysis shows that the institutional configurations of STW regimes in Europe are currently in flux as a result of ongoing dynamics of regime hybridization. Despite some emerging trends of convergence across regimes in the design of youth-transition policy instruments, institutional change remains limited at the level of policy implementation. Although positive policy intentions improve the efficacy of STW transition policies, performance differences across regimes persist. This is due to a combination of institutional and macroeconomic factors, together with a common trend of progressive deterioration in the quality of youth transitions across the board.
How do labor market intermediaries help young Eastern Europeans find work?
Authors: Ortlieb Renate , Weiss Silvana
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the entry routes of young migrants from Eastern Europe into the Austrian labor market, focusing on the role of labor market intermediaries (LMIs) such as public employment services, online job portals, and temporary work agencies. It takes account of the perspectives of both employers and young migrants. The findings suggest that online job portals are the most prevalent type of LMI. Relatedly, informational services are more relevant than matchmaking and administrative services. The relevance of LMI types and services varies across sectors, indicating that LMIs to varying degrees fulfill specific functions in these sectors, such as reduction of transaction costs, risk management, and network building. The more nuanced understanding of entry routes provided by this chapter will help in the development of theoretical models explaining youth migration and design policy measures aimed at improving the labor market opportunities of young migrants from Eastern Europe.
What are the employment prospects for young Estonian and Slovak return migrants?
Authors: Masso Jaan , Kureková Lucia Mýtna , Tverdostup Maryna , Žilincˇíková Zuzana
Published: January 2019

This chapter addresses patterns of return migration in Estonia and Slovakia. It investigates the selection of emigrants who decide to return home and analyzes their characteristics compared to emigrants who remain abroad and to fellow nationals who did not emigrate, as well as the labor market status of young returnees after re-entering the domestic labor market. The comparative analysis of the two national Labor Force Survey samples suggests that among young returnees, level of education has no association with the decision to return home. An education–occupation mismatch affects the decision to return among young and highly educated Estonian migrants, whereas no such effect is found for young Slovak returnees. The analysis of post-return labor market status reveals that both Estonian and Slovak returnees are more likely to face short-term unemployment after re-entering the domestic labor market than are emigrants who remain abroad or people who stayed at home.
Origins and future of the concept of NEETs in the European policy agenda
Authors: Mascherini Massimiliano
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the origins of the concept of NEETs (young people not in employment, education, or training) and discusses its future role in the European policy agenda by disentangling the heterogeneity of the NEET population. The term NEET entered into European policy debates as an additional indicator to facilitate a better understanding of young people’s vulnerabilities—including young mothers and youth with disabilities—concerning their labor market participation. In order to design policy interventions targeted at the needs of particular subgroups of young people, knowing the size and the characteristics of these subgroups is essential. Using the EU-LFS, this chapter proposes a disaggregation of the NEET indicator into seven subgroups of youth, which enables a better understanding of the composition of the NEET population in Europe and can improve targeting and monitoring of the effectiveness of the policy efforts to (re)integrate NEETs into the labor market or education.
Youth Overeducation in Europe
Authors: McGuinness Seamus , Bergin Adele , Whelan Adele
Published: January 2019

Less favorable outcomes—such as overeducation—early in the careers of younger workers may impact negatively on future labor market success, so it is important to understand the incidence of youth overeducation, its evolution over time, and the drivers of youth labor market mismatch. Most research has focused on examining the incidence and impacts of overeducation. This chapter represents one of the few attempts to examine patterns of overeducation within countries, while the adoption of a time-series approach enables the identification of common trends across Europe. Overeducation rates in Europe are converging upward over time, and the general pattern of overeducation is linked across many countries, suggesting that the phenomenon responds in a similar way to external shocks and, consequently, may react in similar ways to appropriate policy interventions. This chapter finds that youth overeducation is driven by the composition of education provision, aggregate labor demand, and labor market flexibility.
Values-Informed Research and Research-Informed Values
Authors: Longhofer Jeffrey , Floersch Jerry
Published: January 2019

While social work must be evaluative in relation to its diverse areas of practice and research (i.e., values-informed research), the purpose of this chapter is to propose that values are within the scope of research and therefore research on practice should make values a legitimate object of investigation (i.e., research-informed values). In this chapter the fact/value debate in social work research is considered by offering reflection on the history and philosophy of this debate and by offering summary thoughts on how social work must engage with normativity (i.e., the ought, what matters most to people, and how the world and people matter) so the debate moves beyond mere questions about the relevance of values to the questions asked, the methodologies used, the theories promoted, the interventions supported, engagements with many and diverse publics, and the investigation of values as causes.
Tools and Training to Support Social Work as an Integrative Science
Authors: Nurius Paula S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter aims to strengthen social work research training responsive to contemporary forms and expectations of science—in short, to prepare social work researchers for effectiveness “at the tables” of this work. It first describes national trends that increasingly expect science to be cross-disciplinary, multilevel, translational, and community engaged. Following this is explication of T-shaped training approaches that include a solid core of social work expertise, priorities, and identity. This is integrated with boundary-spanning skills and meta-competencies germane to advancing social work collaborative and communication roles. Recommendations are provided for doctoral-level research training, including specification of key meta-competencies. These aims are not solely a doctoral training issue but rather require efforts across school, university, and disciplinary levels to market and sustain social work as a robust collaborative, integrative science.
This Too is Music
Authors: Upitis Rena
Published: January 2019

This Too Is Music guides and motivates teachers to foster classroom conditions that enable elementary students to thrive as improvisers, critical listeners, performers, and composers. Using anecdotes and illustrated with musical examples, the book explores how these aspects of music making are intertwined and quells any doubts teachers may have regarding their abilities to create an environment where children can improvise, dance, compose, and notate their musical offerings. While the book acknowledges the importance of traditional approaches to teaching notation and performance, its emphasis is on the student’s point of view, illustrating how young musicians can learn when their musical ideas are honored and celebrated. Various teaching ideas are presented; some are exploratory in nature, and others involve direct instruction. Regardless of their nature, all of the activities arise from research on children’s musical development in general and their development of notational systems in particular, and they have been tested in multiple elementary-classroom environments and preservice settings. The activities center on engaging with music through movement, performing, singing, improvising, composing, developing notational skills, and appealing to children across subjects, including language, drama, and mathematics. Activities encompass both small-scale classroom lessons and large-scale productions. This pedagogy has a timeless quality; even in our digital age, this musical environment appeals to children. The book invites readers to adapt the ideas to their own teaching settings, showing both preservice and established teachers that they can teach music creatively to build community and to inspire all who enter there.
From Conquest to Deportation
Authors: Perovic Jeronim
Published: January 2019

This book is about a region on the fringes of empire, which neither tsarist Russia, nor the Soviet Union, nor in fact the Russian Federation, ever really managed to control. Starting with the nineteenth century, it analyzes the state's various strategies to establish its rule over populations highly resilient to change imposed from outside, who frequently resorted to arms to resist interference in their religious practices and beliefs, traditional customs, and ways of life. Jeronim Perović offers a major contribution to our knowledge of the early Soviet era, a crucial yet overlooked period in this region's troubled history. During the 1920s and 1930s, the various peoples of this predominantly Muslim region came into contact for the first time with a modernizing state, demanding not only unconditional loyalty but active participation in the project of “socialist transformation.” Drawing on unpublished documents from Russian archives, Perović investigates the changes wrought by Russian policy and explains why, from Moscow's perspective, these modernization attempts failed, ultimately prompting the Stalinist leadership to forcefully exile the Chechens and other North Caucasians to Central Asia in 1943-4.
Reconstructing Schopenhauer's Ethics
Authors: Shapshay Sandra
Published: January 2019

At the apex of his influence, from about 1860 up to the start of World War I, Arthur Schopenhauer was known first and foremost as a philosopher of pessimism, sparking an entire “pessimism controversy” in German philosophy in the latter part of the 19th century. Still today, his main reputation is as one of the few philosophers to have argued that it would have been better never to have been. Reconstructing Schopenhauer’s Ethics: Hope, Compassion, and Animal Welfare aims to complicate and challenge the predominant picture of Schopenhauer’s ethical thought. The reconstruction is novel in three main ways. First, it views Schopenhauer as a more faithful Kantian than most commentators have been apt to recognize. Second, it sees Schopenhauer’s philosophy as an evolving rather than static body of thought, especially with respect to the place of the Platonic Ideas in his system. Schopenhauer’s views in the philosophy of nature changed as he encountered proto-Darwinian thought, and this change weakens Schopenhauer’s own grounds for pessimism. A third novelty is the claim that there are really two Schopenhauers rather than one as concerns his ethical thought, for the tensions between his ethics of compassion and resignationism are so acute that we ought to see Schopenhauer as giving us two mutually incompatible ethical ideals.
The Hijaz
Authors: Dahlan Malik
Published: January 2019

This book offers an alternative vision of Islamic governance through the history and promise of The Hijaz, the first state of Islam. The Hijaz, in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia, was the first Islamic state in Mecca and Medina. This new interpretative international legal history examines two formative historical passages, a millennium apart, of Islamic statehood during the 7th century and, the other, goes back to the origins of Arab Self-Determination in the aftermath of the 1916 Arab Revolt where The Hijaz enjoyed autonomy as well as founding membership of the League of Nations. Book argues for Islamic institutionalization in The Hijaz and integrative internationalization as a positive force for political reform and integration in the Middle East and beyond. Applying key Islamic principles of public good to contemporary life, in addition to deliberative democracy, the book challenges two dominant narratives. It reclaims the development of Islamic statecraft as the wellspring of collective identity and statesmanship in the Arab world, simultaneously influenced and disrupted by Westphalian statehood models and Enlightenment notions of self-determination. It equally rejects the appropriation of Islamic governance and the Caliphate concept by both the post-modern, non-territorial Al-Qaeda and the neo-medievalist ISIS into a “negative space”. Celebrating the history and untapped potential of a region where institutions and laws built the ideological foundations of an emerging polity, The Hijaz is a compelling alternative analysis, “a positive space”, of governance in the Arabian Peninsula and the global Islamic community, and of its interaction with the wider world.
Greening Gulf Landscapes
Authors: El-Keblawy Ali
Published: January 2019

Gulf states have paid too much effort toward the greening of cities and too little to fundamentally changing the way they see agricultural lands and deteriorated natural habitats. Most of the greening programs prioritise techniques and interventions, such as introducing exotic plants, that are not adapted to the local environments. The result is that greening projects, especially those in deserts, have failed and proven unsustainable. This chapter discuss what the alternative -maintaining sustainable green desert landscapes- might look like. Proposed innovations include using native trees, instead of exotics, and introducing genetically modified crops designed to tolerate the abiotic stresses and salt tolerant plants (halophytes) to reduce the pressure on fresh water resources
Love at Last Sight
Authors: Carrington Tyler
Published: January 2019

Love at Last Sight is a history of dating in the modern metropolis. It opens with the seemingly simple question, “How did single people meet and fall in love in new big cities like Berlin at the turn of the century?” but what emerges from this investigation of daily newspapers, diaries, serial novels, advice literature, police records, and court cases is a world of dating and relationships that was anything but simple. The murder of Frieda Kliem, a young, enterprising seamstress who was using newspaper personal ads to find a husband—the story of which serves as the book’s central narrative—reveals the tremendous risk associated with modern approaches to love and dating. The risk of fraud, censure, or worse was ever present, especially for the many Berliners who strove for the stability of middle-class life but were outsiders to the social power structures of German society. Indeed, though the technologies and opportunities of the big city offered the best shot at finding love or intimate connection among the urban sea of strangers, availing oneself of them—pursuing a missed connection from the streetcar or using a newspaper personal ad—meant putting one’s livelihood, respectability, and life on the line. This was the romantic dilemma facing the vast majority of city dwellers at the turn of the century, and a great many chose to risk everything for some measure of connection and intimacy. This book explores their stories as a way of illuminating this core tension of modern, metropolitan life.
Stalin's Secret Weapon
Authors: Rimmington Anthony
Published: January 2019

Stalin's Secret Weapon is a gripping account of the early history of the globally significant Soviet biological weapons program, including its key scientists, its secret experimental bases and the role of intelligence specialists, establishing beyond doubt that the infrastructure created by Stalin continues to form the core of Russia's current biological defense network. Anthony Rimmington has enjoyed privileged access to an array of newly available sources and materials, including declassified British Secret Intelligence Service reports. The evidence contained therein has led him to conclude that the program, with its network of dedicated facilities and proving grounds, was far more extensive than previously considered, easily outstripping those of the major Western powers. As Rimmington reveals, many of the USSR's leading infectious disease scientists, including those focused on pneumonic plague, were recruited by the Soviet military and intelligence services. At the dark heart of this bacteriological archipelago lay Stalin, and his involvement is everywhere to be seen, from the promotion of favored researchers to the political repression and execution of the lead biological warfare specialist, Ivan Mikhailovich Velikanov.
How effective have protests been?
Authors: Youngs Richard
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 assesses the results of recent mass protests. It distinguishes cases of success, partial success, and failure. It then evaluates competing explanations for this variation in outcomes, suggesting that no single factor on its own can account for the difference in protest impact.
Can the President Obstruct Justice?
Authors: Coan Andrew
Published: January 2019

A surprising number of presidential scandals have involved alleged attempts to cover up wrongdoing. In light of this history, it might appear strange to ask, “Can the president obstruct justice?” The answer would seem obviously to be yes. That is probably correct, but the issue is more complicated than it initially appears. This chapter recounts the arguments on both sides, describes the elements of obstruction of justice, and discusses historical examples. The great weight of argument suggests that the president can obstruct justice, but this question is not likely to be decided by courts or even on the basis of traditional legal arguments. The real question is whether Congress can be persuaded to impeach and convict a president for obstruction of justice. Experience indicates that the answer is yes, in the right circumstances. Whether those circumstances exist depends on the vigilance of the American people.
Can Congress Protect Special Prosecutors from the President?
Authors: Coan Andrew
Published: January 2019

Can Congress constitutionally restrict the president’s power to remove a special prosecutor? In a 1988 case called Morrison v. Olson, a nearly unanimous Supreme Court held that the answer was yes. Only Justice Antonin Scalia dissented. This chapter recounts the dramatic story of that case and the subsequent developments that have caused many commentators to question the vitality of the Court’s ruling. Partly for this reason and partly for reasons of ordinary politics, Congress seems unlikely to pass legislation protecting special prosecutors any time soon. As a result, the responsibility for protecting special prosecutors now rests where it has for most of U.S. history—squarely on the shoulders of the American people.
Articulatory setting, articulatory symmetry, and production mechanisms for Catalan consonant sequences
Authors: Recasens Daniel , Mira Meritxell
Published: January 2019

This study reports articulatory and acoustic data for three Catalan dialects (Eastern, Western, Valencian), showing that the sequences /tsʃ/ and /sʃ/, and /tʃs/ and /ʃs/, are implemented through analogous production mechanisms and therefore that fricative+fricative and affricate+fricative sequences behave symmetrically at the articulatory level. Analysis results also reveal a clear trend for regressive assimilation in the case of /(t)sʃ/ and for blending or a two-target realization in the case of /(t)ʃs/; differences in degree of articulatory complexity among the segmental sequences under analysis account for these production strategies. Moreover, the final phonetic outcome is strongly dependent on the dialect-dependent articulatory differences in fricative articulation; thus, in Valencian, /(t)sʃ / may undergo regressive assimilation or blending and /(t)ʃs/ regressive assimilation, owing to a more anterior lingual constriction for /ʃ/ than in the other dialects.
Perception of lexical stress in Spanish L2 by French speakers
Authors: Llisterri Joaquim , Schwab Sandra
Published: January 2019

Three experiments on the perception of lexical stress in Spanish (a free-stress language) by speakers of French (a fixed-stress language) are discussed in this chapter. The main goal of these experiments is to further investigate the effect of an ‘accentual filter’ that may lead to a stress ‘deafness’ in native speakers of a fixed-stress language. Taken together, the results of the three experiments lead to the conclusion that French speakers are not only sensitive to the acoustic cues that convey stress prominences in Spanish, but are also able, after a short training, to encode and retrieve the accentual information in a small lexicon of Spanish pseudowords. However, it appears that French listeners do not always rely on the same acoustic cues as the ones used by native Spanish speakers and that their representations of the accentual patterns seem to be less flexible than the native ones.
Kinship in Ancient Athens
Authors: Humphreys S. C.
Published: January 2019

The book covers Athenian kinship from Drakon and Solon to Menander (with some references to later developments). It uses a wide range of sources: epigraphic, literary/forensic, and archaeological. It provides an ethnographic ‘thick description’ of Athenians’ interaction with their kin in all contexts: legal relations (adoption, guardianship, marriage, inheritance, disputes in and out of court); economic interaction (property, economic independence/dependence of sons in relation to fathers); training in specialist skills (doctors, actors, artists), loans, guarantees, etc.; rituals (naming, rites de passage, funerals and commemoration, dedications, cultic associations); war (military commands, organization of land and sea forces); and political contexts, both informal (hetaireiai) and formal (Assembly, Council). Volume II deals with corporate groups recruited by patrifiliation: tribes and trittyes (both pre-Kleisthenic and Kleisthenic), phratries, genê, and demes. The section on the demes stresses variety rather than common features, and provides up-to-date information on location and prosopography.