bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of negative childhood experiences and internal stigma in the formation of motivation for the treatment of patients with mental disorders
Authors:   Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Gerasimchuk Ekaterina S. , Sorokin Mikhail Yu. ,   Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Lutova Natalia B. ,   Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Portenier Sergey N. ,   Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Gorbunova Olga V. ,   Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology
Published: June 2024

Background: Motivation for treatment is an important component of patients' compliance to treatment of mental disorders, and its formation can be affected by different factors. The aim of the study: To analyze relationship between adverse childhood experiences, internal stigma and the intensity and structure of motivation to pharmaco-psychotherapy in patients with mental disorders. Materials and methods: The study involved 102 patients treated at the V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, the Kashchenko Hospital, and the City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6. The study used the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) questionnaire, and the Treatment Motivation Assessment Questionnaire (TIMQ). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software package. Results: According to the results of multiple regression analysis, patients with higher education determined the improvement of patients' motivation for treatment, increasing the probability of its high intensity by 5.92 times. The presence of each additional type of adverse experience in childhood also 1.4-fold increase the odds of intensive motivation of patients. Among individual variants of negative experience, emotional abuse was associated with a tenfold decrease in odds, while observing violence against a mother or stepmother in childhood was conversely associated with a fifteenfold increase in the odds of forming an intense motivation for treatment. Conclusion: Integrative role of adverse childhood experiences is important, but, unlike the internal stigma of mental disorder, it can be equally associated with both less adaptive motivational patterns during treatment. to both more and less adaptive motivational patterns in patients in the process of their treatment.
Definitions of genre in modern readers’ literary criticism
Authors:   Saratov State University, Elina Elena G. , Pavlenko Roman I. ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2024

The article studies definitions of genre that exist in mass readers’ minds and appear in their book reviews. While readers’ literary criticism and other forms of online-communication per se are now beginning to draw scientific interest, the problem of genre in fiction book reviews written by readers has been underinvestigated. Non-professional literary critics have a rather vague idea of literary genres that often lacks logic and does not comply with traditional hierarchy of genres. Readers try to fit the text they have read into a genre system they understand, but if it does not fit they create or coin a new genre definition that reflects their own understanding of the text, how they define its subject matter and what the text made them think about. In the minds of novice readers genre definition is closely related to the plot and their personal opinion of the book. Genre criteria analysis is often overlooked or seems arbitrary, oftentimes readers use the first genre definition that comes to their minds, i.e. a socially-agreed-upon definition, a convenient definition, a general definition, or a definition that has been widely used lately (for example, in the movie or book advertisements). Using their own reading experience, reviewers create their own reader’s glossary, in which literary movement is intertwined with their own estimation of the book quality, stylistic devices are mixed up with the author’s individual writing style, and reader’s emotional response becomes a genre criterion.
Notes about the choice of options in the modern newspaper genre from possible in the Russian language
Authors:   Saratov State University, Sirotinina Olga B.
Published: June 2024

In the “Notes” the author cites the choice of options of a number of Russian words from several issues of the newspaper «Moskovsky Komsomolets» for the summer of 2023: rather frequent usages of dostatochno (≈‘enough’), ochen’ (≈‘very’), dovol’no (≈‘quite’), skhozhest’ (≈‘similarity’), skhozhiy (≈‘similar’), rarer usages of krayne (≈‘extremely’), pokhozhiy (≈‘similar’), podobnyy (≈‘similar’), ochevidno (≈‘obviously’), initial and middle takzhe (≈‘as well’). For even rarer ones vpolne (≈‘quite’), dazhe (≈‘even’), absolyutno (≈‘absolutely’), potryasayushche (≈‘stunning’), the author presents the examples from additionally viewed newspaper issues of 2022 and 2023. The “Notes” present not only examples from the newspaper “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, but also from other newspapers (primarily “Moskovskaya Pravda” and “Argumenty i Facty”), as well as from academic articles and books of linguists of Perm School read by the author recently. Thus, the author draws a conclusion that largely contradicts the usual ideas about the Russian literary language, including even those in the book “Dynamics of Russian Language Norms: A Response to the Challenges of the Time and New Living Conditions” recently published by the Saratov Publishing House concerning the options of the lexeme dostatochno (≈‘enough’). It is shown which of the possible options currently dominate in the Russian language and when the choice is simply the result of a desire for alternation to avoid repetition.
The speech genre of a criminal threat in online-communication
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Centre of The State Forensic Examination Committee of The Republic of Belarus, Babuk Alexander V.
Published: June 2024

The author attempts to explore the threat as a speech genre of verbal aggression. It is argued that the threat is most often found in the texts of modern online-communication, the characteristics of which are close to a synthetic oral-written form of communication and the colloquial genre. It is emphasized that in modern studies the threat is researched from a legal and linguistic point of view. The author proves the idea that there are two main types of threat statements – a threat-warning, including a causal action, and a threatpunishment. A specific sub-genre of threat is a blackmail, which includes manipulation by means of information compromising the addressee. Semantically, the threat can be explicit, clearly expressed, and implicit, whose interpretation requires an appeal to the logics of the statement. Implicit threat in online-communication is the most difficult type to research, since its interpretation involves analyzing the logic of constructing a statement by identifying linguistic techniques presented in the text – the use of euphemisms, idioms, semantic convolution, metaphors, sarcasm, precedent case reference and non-verbal components of communication (images, emoji. Implicit threat is studied using data from various explanatory linguistic dictionaries and fragments of texts submitted for forensic linguistic examination. It is reported that the genre of a criminal threat should be distinguished from other genres such as promises, orders, warnings, verbally expressed suicidal intentions, malevolence, a threat in a broad sense, and calls to a violent action.
L-INTEGRAL FOR ISOPERIMETRIC EXTREMALS OF ROTATION
Authors: Leiko S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the geodetic flux on a spherical tangent bundle of a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with the Sasaki metric is considered and it is shown that, if the basis manifold is locally isometric of the surface of rotation, then the Hamiltonian system corresponding to the flow is fully integrated according to Liouville. Hence, as a consequence, the flow trajectories are in quadratures.
MORSE AND CODIMENSION 1 FUNCTIONS ON THE PROJECTIVE PLANE
Authors: Prishlyak A. O. , Stas S. O.
Published: June 2024

The topological properties of functions on two-dimensional spaces are described using an invariant called the Reeb graph. In the case of Morse functions on closed oriented two-dimensional manifolds, this serves as a complete topological invariant for homotopy equivalence. For non-oriented two-dimensional manifolds and manifolds with boundaries, additional information is required to construct a complete topological invariant. If a linear order is imposed on the set of vertices, it becomes a complete topological invariant with respect to topological equivalence.
The research explores the topological classification of Morse functions and functions of corank 1 on the projective plane. In these cases, the Reeb graph is an oriented rooted tree. An analytical expression is derived for the number of oriented Reeb graphs with a root. For functions of corank 1 and a fixed number of critical points, all possible Reeb graphs are constructed.
OPERATIONS ON BLOCK PREDICATE MATRICES
Authors: Yakimova N. A.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the possibility of performing basic logical operations on matrices that are divided into rectangular blocks in an arbitrary manner. The results obtained are illustrated using the example of predicate logical matrices defined over a field of finite predicates of arbitrary arity. The possibility of extending the results obtained to Boolean matrices is also justified (they are considered to be defined over a field of finite predicates of zero arity). At the same time, using the apparatus of multivalued logic, starting from Boolean logical matrices, the results obtained can also be extended to the study of logical objects that are not Boolean. Block partitioning of matrices allows you to divide information specified in matrix form into parts, process these parts separately, and then combine them into a single whole, adhering to certain rules and restrictions described in this article. These methods can find their application in graph theory, in the theory of algorithms, programming and in other areas of theoretical and practical activity that are in one way or another related to mathematical logic.
Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance: Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Aristana I Nengah , Adhika I Nyoman Resa , Rihayana I Gede , Salain Putu Pradiva Putra
Published: June 2024

This research aims to measure transformational leadership and employee performance mediated by organizational citizenship behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach, data was collected from 210 employees of small and medium enterprises. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.2.9. The research results show that transformational leadership does not affect employee performance. Meanwhile, transformational leadership contributes positively to organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior also shows a positive impact on employee performance. Lastly, organizational citizenship behavior is proven to mediate transformational leadership about employee performance. Limitations of this research that can be stated include using a self-assessment report which allows for high subjectivity when filling out the questionnaire. The research only focuses on small and medium export businesses, so the research results tend to be less generalizable.
The Impact of the Principle of Land Categorization by Purpose on the Development of Judicial Practice in Russia
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Labor, Environmental Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Altai State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kalashnik Natalya I. , Trubnikova Olga A. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Labor, Environmental Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Altai State University
Published: June 2024

The work is devoted to the application of the principle of dividing land according to its intended purpose into categories in judicial practice. The controversial approaches to applying this principle are considered, the systemforming importance of this principle and the need to preserve it with further improvement of land and related legislation are substantiated.
Principles of Civil Procedure Law: Preserving the Foundations
Authors:   Head of the Department of Labor, Environmental Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Altai State University, LL.D., Associate Professor, Rekhtina Irina V.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the current state of the principles of civil procedure law as a system-forming criterion for the independence of the industry. The problem of multiplicity in the scientific doctrine of new principles is revealed. Attention is paid to the mixing of the construction “principle of law” with other legal categories: “property”, “rule”, “mechanism”, “method”, “form”, “criterion”. It is recommended to revise theoretical and scientific material, rethink countless principles of civil procedure proposed in theory, and critically approach excessive division and artificial cultivation.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS IN HALAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC FASHION INDONESIA
Authors: Vitadiar Fachrounissa Zein
Published: June 2024

Introduction: As Indonesia is inhabited by a lot of Muslim population, this demographic characteristic benefits the expansion of the halal industry internationally. The reputation of halal products relies on the rising production quality. This study aims to better understand how fashion preferences, halal certification, and the quality of business actors influence the potential of the Indonesian Islamic fashion industry to become an international halal industry.
Methods: This study was carried out using quantitative analyses including multiple linear regression, validity, and reliability analyses.
Results: The quality of business actors, halal certification, and fashion taste all had a positive and significant effect on expanding the potential of the Islamic halal fashion trade.
Conclusion and suggestion: The Indonesian Ulema Council and the government should coordinate in ascending the halal certification. In addition, business actors are required to seek information related to halal certificates and acquire them before running their business. Given the importance of halal certification, the public is encouraged to purchase halal fashion items as this lifestyle expresses their identity.
Connecting Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity: The Role of Electromagnetic Spacetime
Authors: Tewari Shreyash
Published: June 2024

We propose a novel framework for understanding quantum phenomena through the lens of a modified electromagnetic spacetime governed by Einstein field equations. By assuming the existence of an electromagnetic spacetime that adheres to these modified geodesic and Einstein field equations, provided the field equations satisfy the Coulomb force law in weak-field approximations, we explore the derivation of Maxwell’s equations and highlight the necessity of incorporating spin to validate these equations. We derive the wave equation for the normalized transverse metric and establish its equivalence with the de Broglie wave proposition, suggesting a relationship between this metric and the particle's wavefunction. This approach offers a classical explanation for several quantum phenomena, including the double-slit experiment, entanglement, tunneling, non-locality, and wavefunction collapse. Additionally, it posits a method to visualize atomic orbital structures in line with quantum mechanical predictions. These findings suggest that the foundational principles of quantum mechanics can be interpreted as linearized approximations of general relativity applied to electromagnetic spacetime. While this theory does not yet extend to the correlations between general relativity, quantum electrodynamics (QED), and quantum chromodynamics (QCD), it provides a valuable visualization tool for physicists and advances our understanding of the unresolved challenges linking quantum mechanics with general relativity.
High Fidelity Numerical Characterization of NACA 23012 at Re = 300, 000 through a Discontinuous Galerkin LES Solver
Authors: Valvo Paolo , Abbà Antonella , Gibertini Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

The present paper proposes an accurate characterization of a NACA 23012 airfoil at near stall conditions at a Reynolds number $Re=3\cdot 10^5$. In light of the unavoidable limits of which experiments suffer near the stall regime both in terms of effective two--dimensionality and data portability across different research groups, the present characterization is performed through high fidelity numerical simulations. Taking advantage of the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) LES solver, implemented in the open source library \textit{FEMilaro}, the airfoil behavior is investigated ranging from $\alpha=5^{\circ}$ to $17^{\circ}$, with a peculiar focus for $\alpha \ge 10^{\circ}$. Accuracy of the found results is ensured both from the realistic and accurate reconstructed flow physics and by means of a proper comparison with existing experimental data. Then, a reliable numerical baseline is obtained for any future investigation involving a NACA 23012 airfoil at $Re=3 \cdot 10^5$. The future study of the actual research group will be a parallel BVI analysis, but results are completely extendable as they are to any other research.
Stochastic Modeling of Climate Change Impact: Assessing Regional Temperature Increases Under Global Warming
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: June 2024

In this study, we develop a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) model to assess the regional severity of temperature increases due to global warming. The model incorporates various stochastic processes to account for uncertainties such as solar explosions, economic upheavals, rising emissions, and irreversible changes in the climate system. Our base temperature model, influenced by latitude, is enhanced by these random factors to simulate realistic and diverse outcomes of climate change. Numerical simulations on a global grid provide a heatmap representing potential temperature increase severity across different regions. The results highlight the significant impact on tropical and polar regions, demonstrating the utility of SPDE models in understanding and predicting the complex dynamics of climate change. This approach offers valuable insights for policymakers and researchers aiming to develop adaptive strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of global warming.
Proximal Origin of Epidemic Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b and Spread by Migratory Waterfowl
Authors: Hulscher Nicolas , Leake John , McCullough Peter
Published: June 2024

We investigate the possible laboratory origins of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13, currently affecting various animal species and causing sporadic human infections. The first detection of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the Netherlands in 2020 raises concerns about earlier gain-of-function research. The proximal origins of HPAI H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b may be the USDA Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) in Athens, Georgia and the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Genetic analysis indicates that genotype B3.13 emerged in 2024 and exhibits genetic links to genotype B1.2, which was identified to have originated in Georgia in January 2022 after the start of serial passage research with H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 in mallard ducks at the USDA Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) in Athens, Georgia in April 2021. Genotype B1.2 was found in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in March 2022 in Florida, indicating sudden new adaptations to different animal species. The NP gene of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b (genotype B3.13), which is causing outbreaks in cattle, was reported to have likely originated from an avian influenza A virus derived from mallard ducks. Significant mutations found in recent human cases, including PB2 E627K and PB2 M631L, also suggest links to serial passage experiments. However, further investigation is urgently needed to confirm these findings and to identify all H5N1 laboratory leaks that may have occurred with a focus on mallard ducks and other migratory waterfowl, which have the potential to infect a large number of poultry and livestock facilities around the world. A moratorium on gain-of-function research including serial passage of H5N1 is indicated to prevent a man-made influenza pandemic affecting animals and humans.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF RENGALIN COUGH- SUPPRESSANT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19)
Authors:   Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko, Moscow, ZAITSEV ANDREY A. , VIZEL ALEXANDER A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, SHAKIROVA GULNAZ R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KULAGINA IRINA TS. ,   Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko, Moscow, TERNOVSKAYA NINA A. ,   Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Cough is one of the main symptoms of new coronavirus infection. It is known that cough development in SARS-CoV-2 infection is caused by lung epithelial cells that do not result in marked exudative inflammation, therefore, anti-cough medications should be used to treat non-productive cough in COVID-19. At the same time there is not enough data about clinical effectiveness in relieving dry cough in patients with COVID-19, and that was the reason for conducting program about symptomatic effectiveness of Rengalin in real clinical practice. Aim. The goal is to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Rengalin in comparison with standard symptomatic cough-suppressant therapy in COVID-19 patients. Material and methods. The program enrolled 100 patients, 50 of whom received the drug Rengalin and 50 patients formed the group 2, in which participants took other drugs as symptomatic cough-suppressant therapy. Cough severity was analyzed by "Cough severity scale" initially and in dynamics on the 4th, 8th day of the disease. Safety of therapy was assessed on the basis of vital signs of study participants, adverse events were recorded. Results and discussion. Use of Rengalin was accompanied by more expressed regression of cough in patients with COVID-19 in comparison with other anti-cough drugs. In the group of patients receiving Rengalin, severity of daytime cough on the 4th day of therapy made 0.6 ± 0.8 points, while in the 2nd group – 1.8 ± 1.1 points. Nocturnal cough on the 4th day of observation in the 1st group was 0.1 ± 0.3, while in the 2nd group it was 0.4 ± 0.5. In the group of patients who received Rengalin, the number of patients with absence of cough against the background of treatment was 43 (86%), while in group 2 - 27 (54%). On the 8th day of follow-up in the first group all patients noted regression of cough, in group 2 - 38 (76%). Conclusion. The results obtained expand the understanding of the physiology of cough in patients with COVID-19 and allow the successful use of Rengalin in clinical practice.
Individualized Surgeon Reports in a Statewide Registry
Authors: Mesko J. Wesley , Zheng Huiyong , Hughes Richard E. , Hallstrom Brian R.
Published: June 2024

Despite progress with the development of joint replacement registries in the United States, surgeons may have limited opportunities to determine the cumulative outcome of their own patients or understand how those outcomes compare with their peers; this information is important for quality improvement. In order to provide surgeons with accurate data, it is first necessary to have a registry with complete coverage and patient matching. Some international registries have accomplished this. Building on a comprehensive statewide registry in the United States, a surgeon-specific report has been developed to provide surgeons with survivorship and complication data, which allows comparisons with other surgeons in the state. This article describes funnel plots, cumulative sum reports, complication-specific data, and patient-reported outcome measure data, which are provided to hip and knee arthroplasty surgeons with the goal of improving quality, decreasing variability in the delivery of care, and leading to improved value and outcomes for hip and knee arthroplasty in the state of Michigan.
Measurement and spectral analysis of medical shock wave parameters based on flexible PVDF sensors
Authors: Xu Liansheng , SHEN Fei , FAN Fan , WU Qiong , WANG Li , LI Fengji , FAN Yubo , NIU Haijun
Published: June 2024

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) achieves its therapeutic purpose mainly through the biological effects produced by the interaction of shock waves with tissues, and the accurate measurement and calculation of the mechanical parameters of shock waves in tissues are of great significance in formulating the therapeutic strategy and evaluating the therapeutic effect. This study utilizes the approach of implanting flexible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) vibration sensors inside the tissue-mimicking phantom of various thicknesses to capture waveforms at different depths during the impact process in real time. Parameters including positive and negative pressure changes (P+, P−), pulse wave rise time (\({t}_{r}\)), and energy flux density (EFD) are calculated, and frequency spectrum analysis of the waveforms is conducted. The dynamic response, propagation process, and attenuation law of the shock wave in the phantom under different impact intensities were analyzed. Results showed that flexible PVDF sensors could precisely acquire the characteristics of pulse waveform propagating within the phantom. At the same depth, as the driving pressure increases, P+ and P− increase linearly, and \({t}_{r}\) remains constant. At the same driving pressure, P+, P−, and EFD decay exponentially with increasing propagation depth. At the same depth, the spectra of pulse waveforms are similar, and the increasing driving pressure does not cause significant changes in carrier frequency and modulation frequency. The research findings could provide a reference for developing ESWT devices, improving treatment strategies, and enhancing the safety of clinical applications.
SurgeRy and physiothErapy Versus physIotherapy only for chronic paTellofemorAL paIn: study protocol for a randomiSed controllEd trial (REVITALISE)
Authors: de Ven Myrthe P.F. van , Ophey Martin , de Graaf Victor van , de Groes Sebastiaan A.W. van , Sinkeldam Marijn , Wijers Charlotte W.H. , Koëter Sander
Published: June 2024

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder resulting in anterior knee pain. Physiotherapy is the current standard treatment, while surgical intervention (tibial tubercle transfer [TTT]) is reserved for chronic cases when nonoperative treatment has failed. However, to date, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) have compared TTT combined with a physiotherapy (PT) program PT to PT alone as the initial treatment for PFP.
Methods: A single-centre RCT in patients with chronic PFP (>1 year) will be randomized to either TTT followed by PT (n=20) or to PT alone (n=20). The primary outcome is knee pain at 18 weeks for the TTT group and at 12 weeks for the PT group, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include Patient Recorded Outcome Measures (PROMs) using the Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) ‘Subjective Knee Form’, Tegner Activity score and EuroQol 5D-5L for quality of life. Range of motion (ROM) is measured using the decline step-down test (DSDT). The difference in direct medical costs will also be assessed.
Discussion: The REVITALISE study is the first randomized study to compare surgical intervention (TTT) followed by PT to PT alone in patients with chronic PFP. This study will generate level-1 evidence on the most effective treatment for chronic PFP, which can be integrated into the national guideline to aid orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists in their decision-making and ultimately improve our care for patients with chronic PFP.
Trial registration
Study Identifier NCT06227806, registered on 26 Jan 2024 on ClinicalTrials.gov. The study underwent independent peer review and received approval from the ethical review board (number NL80956.091.22).
Assessment and exploratory analysis of the indicator-based surveillance (IBS) system in Rwanda
Authors: Nizeyimana Pacifique , Nsekuye Olivier , Ruyange Laurent , Twahirwa Solange , Manariyo Marcel , Zimulinda Alain , Kayirangwa Marie Rose , Uwamahoro Sandrine , Itanga Ines , Kabeja Adeline , Rwagasore Edson , Muvunyi Claude Mambo
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Rwanda, like other countries, is facing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Since 2002, Rwanda has implemented indicator-based surveillance through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) framework. This study aimed to explore the completeness and timeliness of reporting and use of the tool in Rwanda. Method: In this study, we used a cross-sectional descriptive approach using a structured questionnaire for IDSR focal persons and data managers in 46 public hospitals accompanied by a secondary data analysis of monthly records from the National HMIS for the period of 2018–2021 from 564 public health facilities (HFs) and 283 private HFs. Exploratory analysis and correlation assessments complemented the dataset analysis. Results: This study revealed that public HF consistently achieves or surpasses the 80% completeness (96.7%) and timeliness (80.8%) targets. In contrast, private HF demonstrates 42.8% and 25.3% completeness and timeliness, respectively. Eight-seven percent (87%) of the interviewees reported having received feedback from the central level, with varying frequencies. Hospitals provide feedback to HFs in their catchment area (91%), but the frequencies differ. Regarding the data accuracy, 95.7% of the respondents possessed standard case definitions, and 87% regularly referred to them. Two-thirds (67.6%) reported that they monitored weekly trends, but only 34.9% produced and shared weekly reports promptly. The challenges identified included internet issues (30%), other competing duties (30%), and forgetting to report (26%). A total of 84.8% of HFs used the system to detect outbreaks in their catchment areas; 71.7% of these HFs responded to the system according to national guidelines. Furthermore, 92.3% of all HFs used the eIDSR system for planning purposes. Conclusion: The IDSR system was highly useful because it provided evidence for decision-making in early detection and response to outbreaks as well as for hospital program planning. Maintaining timely reporting, enhancing data quality and timely use, and improving health workers' knowledge and practices are vital for a surveillance system user to detect outbreaks early. More focus should be placed on private health facilities.
Biliary Drainage in Palliative and Curative Intent European Patients with Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma and malignant hilar obstruction: a retrospective single center analysis
Authors: Drews Jan , Baar Lea-Catharina , Schmeisl Theresa , Bunde Torsten , Stang Axel , Reese Tim , Wagner Kim Caroline , Oldhafer Karl Jürgen , Hahn Thomas
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Relief of cholestasis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma is commonly undertaken in both curative and palliative treatment concepts. There are numerous open questions with regard to the ideal biliary drainage strategy – including what constitutes clinical success (CS). In the existing data, curative patients and patients from the Western world are underrepresented.
Patients and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with complex malignant hilar obstruction (Bismuth-Corlette II and higher) due to cholangiocarcinoma who underwent biliary drainage at a German referral center between 2010 and 2020. We aimed to define CS and complication rates and directly compare outcomes in curative and palliative patients.
Results
56 curative and 72 palliative patients underwent biliary drainage. In patients with curative intent, CS was achieved significantly more often regardless of what definition of CS was applied (e.g., total serum bilirubin (TSB) < 2 mg/dl: 66.1% vs. 27.8%, p = < 0.001, > 75% reduction of TSB: 57.1% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.003). This observation held true when only subgroups with the same Bismuth-Corlette stage were compared. Moreover, palliative patients experienced a significantly greater percentage of adverse events (33.3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.01). Curative intent treatment and TSB at presentation were predictive factors of CS regardless of what definition of CS was applied. The observed CS rates are comparable to those published series of curative patients, but inferior to reported CS rates in palliative series mostly from Asia.
Conclusions
Biliary drainage in complex malignant hilar obstruction due to cholangiocarcinoma is more likely to be successful and less likely to cause adverse events in curative patients compared to palliative patients.
RMP limits innate immune activation in macrophages by inhibiting IKKβ activity in sepsis
Authors: Dong Liwei , Pang Shujie , Jiang Tianyi , Wang Naiguo , Cui Xiaowen , Wang Hui , Pan Yufei , Yang Ning
Published: June 2024

Nuclear factor κB activity is a central component of inflammatory and innate immune responses. The inhibition of NF-κB signaling and of the IκB kinase complex is important for understanding the control of innate immunity. Here, we identified RNA polymerase II subunit 5 (RPB5)-mediating protein (RMP) as an inhibitor of the IKK complex, which thus inhibited NF-κB signaling in macrophages. In resting macrophages, RMP directly bound to the kinase domain of IKKβ and inhibited its activity by recruiting protein phosphatase 2A to the IKK complex. When mouse macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 agonist that stimulates NF-κB signaling, RMP was phosphorylated by IKKβ at Ser439 and dissociated from the IKK complex, which further activated NF-κB signaling. Macrophage-specific deletion of Rmp reduced survival in mice due to an increased inflammatory response in experimental models of sepsis. This work demonstrates that RMP inhibits TLR4-induced NF-κB activation and exerts homeostatic control of innate immunity, and may be promising as a therapeutic target in the limiting of NF-κB signaling.
Lower all-cause 30-day mortality during summer following ankle fracture surgery. A Swedish Perioperative Register-based study 2012-2022
Authors: Lundin Elin , Karlsson Jon , Jakobsson Jan
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Ankle fracture is the third most common fracture with a seasonal-occurrence variation in the Nordic countries. Ankle fractures commonly require surgery and anaesthesia. An important quality-indicator of perioperative-care is the all-cause 30-day mortality. Little is known about early mortality after ankle fracture repair in Sweden and whether there is a seasonal-occurrence variation of the 30-day mortality.
Aim
The aim of the present register-based study was to assess seasonal-variation in all-cause 30-day mortality associated with surgical repair of ankle fractures in Sweden during a 10-year period; 2012–2022 adjusted for age and ASA-class.
Material and Methods
All patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent ankle fracture surgery and were registered in the Swedish Perioperative Quality Register (SPOR) between 2012 and 2022, with seasonal information, were included in the analysis (n = 31,655). Information on patient characteristics, perioperative observations, and early mortality were collected. Descriptive and regression statistics were applied.
Results
The all-cause 30-day mortality was 0.24%, with significantly lower 30-day mortality during summer (0.09%) compared with autumn (0.32%) and spring (0.28%), (p = 0.026). Patients undergoing ankle fracture surgery were significantly younger and had a significantly higher proportion of low-risk ASA-class during the summer period. The odds ratio of dying within 30-days were still significantly lower during the summer compared with the other seasons, both unadjusted and adjusted for age-, ASA-class, gender, and urgency of procedure. Increased risk for mortality within 30-days was seen among elderly, females, high ASA-class, and emergent surgery.
Conclusions
The all-cause 30-day mortality rate after ankle fracture surgery in Sweden is reassuringly low, with the lowest rate seen during the summer. Advancing age and higher ASA-class were associated with an increasing risk of 30-day mortality.
Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics Correlation in a Mouse Model of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Teng xiangnan , Yang Li , Tang Hong , Bai Lang
Published: June 2024

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a high-mortality syndrome often causing multi-organ failure. Recent studies emphasize the gut-liver axis, showing gut microbiota impacts liver function via bile acid regulation, fatty acid production, and immune modulation. Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes and potential biomarkers. This study explores gut microbiota and metabolic correlations to enhance ACLF diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In this study, Established groups included ALF, liver fibrosis (LF), and normal control groups, from which stool, blood, and liver samples were collected. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed gut microbiota abundance, diversity, community composition, and flora changes, identifying specific microorganisms within the ACLF group. Non-targeted metabolite analysis was conducted using GC/MS and LC/MS to identify differential metabolites in the ACLF group and correlate them with differential microbes. The results revealed no significant change in gut microbial abundance and increased diversity in the ACLF group. Anaplasma phylum, Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, Ali stipes, Marvinbryantia, Lachnoclostridium and Ruminalococcus were significantly enriched in the ACLF group. Among them, Anaplasma sp. differed significantly in all control groups and was highly enriched in the ACLF group. In addition, using Spearman's analysis, Clostridia_vadinBB60_group was positively correlated with taurocholic acid, and was associated with glycerophosphorylcholine (PC) (16:1(9E)/0:0), PC (16:1(9E)/0:0), (±) 12-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC ) (16:1(9Z)/0:0) were negatively correlated. S. parapsilosis was negatively correlated with taurocholic acid, PC (18:1(17Z)/18:1(17Z)) and L-isoleucine, and positively correlated with PC (20:1(9Z)/0:0) and (±) 12-HETE . In conclusion, we elucidated the increased diversity of the gut microbiota and potential pathogenic microorganisms in ACLF, along with their association with key metabolites. Our study provides crucial insights for a deeper understanding of ACLF pathogenesis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Predict In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with a Machine Learning Webpage Tool Based on Clinical Laboratory Data: An Exploratory Research
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhan Jieyu , Zhang Fan , Cheng Jing , Li Junxun
Published: June 2024

Background
The death risk induced by COVID-19 posed tremendous pressure on medical services, resulting in a shortage of critical care resources and a heavy disease burden. Developing predictive algorithms based on local patient data could be more effective for supporting decisions on the level of healthcare required.
Methods
Laboratory test results of the COVID-19 patients were collected. Five machine learning (ML) approaches were applied to develop a predictive algorithm for in-hospital mortality.
Results
Our cohort enrolled 602 patients with COVID-19 and 40 laboratory tests after data preprocessing. The RF-based model was chosen as the predictive algorithm, namely MOP@COVID. MOP@COVID performed well in the training set and validation set. MOP@COVID yielded a sensitivity of 0.818, a specificity of 0.987, an accuracy of 0.973, and an AUC of 0.958 in the external validation cohort. A webpage tool of MOP@COVID was developed to facilitate clinical application.
Conclusions
The MOP@COVID used routine laboratory test results at hospital admission and could predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. With the webpage tool, MOP@COVID could provide helpful information to clinical doctors and healthcare providers in rural areas.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of eccentric-only versus concentric-only strength training effects on maximal voluntary eccentric, concentric and isometric contraction strength
Authors: Spudić Darjan , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: June 2024

Background Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of resistance exercise training with eccentric (lengthening muscle) versus concentric (shortening muscle) contractions on changes in muscle mechanical function assessed by different contraction modes. Objective The main objective of this systematic review with meta-analyses was to compare effectiveness of maximal isokinetic eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training for changes in maximal voluntary eccentric (MVCECC), concentric (MVCCON), and isometric contraction (MVCISO) strength in healthy adults. Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar from February to March 2024 for studies that met the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) inclusion of eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training groups; (3) use of an isokinetic dynamometer for training and testing; (4) reporting changes over time in MVCCONand MVCECC; and (5) using healthy adult participants. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A multilevel random-effects model meta‑analyses with robust variance estimation were performed in Rstudio software using metaphor and clubSandwich packages. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding the highly influential studies. The potential moderating role of sex, training status and age of the participants, muscles, velocity in training and testing, initial MVCECC, MVCCON, and MVCECC/MVCCONratio, and training-related variables such as number of repetitions per set, number of sets, number of sessions per week, and duration of the training protocol were also assessed. Results Twenty-seven studies matched with the criteria, and overall 162 study results were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Greater effects on MVCECCwas found after eccentric-only versus concentric-only training (Hedge’s g: 1.51; 27% vs. 10%; p < .05). However, no differences were evident between the training modalities for changes in MVCCON(Hedge’s g: − 0.10; 13% vs. 14%, p = .726) and MVCISO(Hedge’s g: − 0.04; 18% vs. 17%; p = .923). The subgroup analyses showed smaller effect of eccentric-only than concentric-only training on MVCCONwhen eccentric-only training was performed at higher velocities than the velocities of MVCCONtesting (Hedge’s g: − 0.99; p < .05). Meta-regressions showed that the longer the training period, the greater the superior effect of eccentric over concentric training on MVCECC. Conclusions Eccentric-only strength training is more effective for improving MVCECC, but both concentric-only and eccentric-only training provide similar effects on improving MVCCONand MVCISO. Further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms underpinning the superior effect of eccentric-only training.
Persistent infection of a novel Picornavirus in the microplanarian Stenostomum leucops (Catenulida).
Authors: Rosa Marcos Trindade , Wallau Gabriel da Luz , Loreto Elgion L S
Published: June 2024

We present the genome sequence, organization and evidence of persistence of a new picornavirus infecting the flatworm Stenostomum leucops. The complete genome sequence belongs to a virus with a positive single-stranded RNA genome encoding three open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by untranslated regions and polyadenylated termination. The ORFs encode conserved protein motifs typical of the picornavirus superfamily. Phylogenetic analyses confirm membership of this viral superfamily, with closely related viral species found in Biomphalaria(Mollusca) in France and a virus detected in metagenomic analyses of water sources from the USA, suggesting widespread distribution. RT-PCR analysis revealed that this virus persists in a laboratory-grown worm isolate for at least five years, indicating persistent infection. However, no deleterious effects were observed in the infected worms, suggesting a commensalistic or mutualistic relationship between the virus and the worms.
Predicting Survival Rates: The Power of Prognostic Nomograms in Distal Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Jiangfeng , Shi Yuping , Duan Bensong , Jin Lihua , Yi Suhong , Chen Jinsuo , Wan Dadong , Ye Weixin , Chen Jingnan , Zhang Yajing , Jiang Yang , Dong Yuwei
Published: June 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research is to establish a prognostic nomogram for
patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma（dCCA）.
Methods: We obtained clinical data from 2401 patients diagnosed with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) between 2010 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. These patients were randomly assigned to either the training or validation group in a ratio of 1:1. 228 patients were enrolled from 9 hospitals in China as the external validation cohort. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses were conducted to ascertain prognostic factors and prognostic nomograms were developed utilizing LASSO logistic regression analysis.
We used the calibration curve, and area under the curve to validate the nomograms. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the model and its clinical applicability.
Results: The findings demonstrated that Grade, M stages, Surgery, and Chemotherapy emerged as autonomous prognostic factors for the survival of individuals with dCCA. The developed nomograms exhibited satisfactory accuracy in forecasting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival probabilities. Furthermore, the calibration curves indicated a strong concordance between the anticipated and observed outcomes.
Conclusion：
The nomograms that have been suggested demonstrate strong predictive capability. These tools can assist medical professionals in assessing the prognosis of patients with dCCA and in devising more accurate treatment strategies for them.
Study on the Influence of Pipeline Characteristics on Water Hammer Pressure of Gate Valve and Optimization of Protection Scheme
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Yisong
Published: June 2024

In response to the water hammer problem caused by the closure of end valves in long-distance gravity-flow water transmission systems, taking a long-distance gravity-flow water project in Xinjiang as an example, this study investigated the influence of pipeline diameter and material on water hammer pressure at the end of the pipeline using numerical simulation methods. The effects of several different combinations of protective measures, such as changing pipeline characteristics, installing air chambers, and air valves, on water hammer pressure were compared, and a more optimal protection scheme was proposed. The results show that changing the diameter and material of the pipeline at the end of the line will affect the maximum water hammer pressure, with the pipeline diameter being inversely proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure, while the roughness coefficient is directly proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure. By comparing the protective effects of different water hammer protection devices, it was found that a combination of "air chambers, air valves, overpressure relief valves, and changing pipeline characteristics" can effectively mitigate both positive and negative pressures generated by water hammer, while also reducing the volume of air chambers and the number of air valves required. Changing the diameter and material of certain sections of the pipeline is an economical and safe protection scheme, which can provide reference for similar water transmission projects.