Investigating the Hematological Indices in Children With Type I Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Article
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Darbandi Bahram , Dalili Setila ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hakemzadeh Seyede Tahoura ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Koohmanaee Shahin ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mohammadi Mohammad Hasan ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran., Baghersalimi Adel ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Enshaei Mercedeh ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Salehi Soodeh ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Maleknejad Shohreh ,   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic diseases with increased blood sugar. In various studies, the association between diabetes and hematologic parameters has been investigated. Diabetes mellitus may lead to different hematologic abnormalities.
Objective A complete blood cell count is more available than hemoglobin A1C, in this study we summarize the hematologic changes in type 1 diabetes. The reasons and association of different changes with the prognosis will be discussed.
Methods This study is a review article based on a search with the keywords in medical-scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, from 2000 to 2023. All articles were evaluated, and 50 articles were selected as the primary study sources.
Results The mean of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were less in the diabetic group in comparison to healthy patients. Recent studies show an association between anemia and with development of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic patients have higher red cell distribution width compared to healthy individuals. Mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width are higher in children with type I diabetes compared to healthy children. Studies showed that patients who have recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus have higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts. Also, there is a positive correlation between increased leukocyte and hyperglycemia.
Conclusion The occurrence of blood cell changes in children with type 1 diabetes is related to the prognosis of the disease. Since hematological tests (complete blood cell count) are available, the use of these tests is helpful for early detection of complications.