bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Emerging Beauty Industry for Men on Construction of Masculinities of Male Students of Dhaka City
Authors: Sowad Abu Saleh Mohammad
Published: February 2017

Back in history, muscular and strong male body has always been used to promulgate masculinity. This idealized male figure was proliferated mainly for spreading the notion of male superiority in relation to power and to give a strong base to the social construction of masculinity. This study targets to disclose the perception about the attributes masculinities among the male students of Dhaka city regarding male beautification. It attempts to unveil young men’s perspectives regarding their masculinities and beauty. From history we can see men have always been assumed as the ambassador of roughness but in recent time the emergence of fashion-conscious men can be seen, who are slowly occupying a handsome position in the society. Concerning study attempts to bring out the way in which such changing trend of male beauty is perceived among the male students of Dhaka city. What could be the ideologies of these young men who are being involved with it? What is influencing them to be part of such arena which, to a great extent, is still considered as female domain? Is their perception about construction of masculinity is shifting from the so called idealized masculinity? The study tries to find out the answers.
Male Presence in Gender Research Networks in the Communication Field in Spain
Authors: Caro González Francisco Javier , Guarinos Virginia
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to learn about the scientific productivity and collaboration of authors who have published papers on gender in Spanish communication journals by paying special attention to the role played by men. The citation network was analysed in order to identify the researchers network and the participation of men therein. The hypotesis put forward is that men have a secondary role in scientific communities that research gender in the communication field. Methodologies from the analysis of social network were applied. The information extracted was analysed using Ucinet software. It was confirmed that men have a marginal role in the network and that women tend to cite other women in their publications
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Bilingual Education: A Study on The Improvement of the Oral Language Skill
Authors: Morilla-García Cristina
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study is to enquire how effectively the application of emotional intelligence is in the process of the acquisition of the oral skills in the foreign language at an early age, specifically in the first year of primary education. The findings obtained in this investigation proceed from a study in which we have analyzed and compared a bilingual educative programme that integrates the dimensions of emotional intelligence in its curriculum, AMCO, with other approaches in which this type of attention is not previously organized in their programs such as CLIL and the teaching of a foreign language. The results show that students who have been exposed to a methodology that integrates techniques for the application of emotional intelligence obtain better marks in the oral production of the L2 favouring its acquisition. Furthermore the study found evidence that these students were more motivated in the process of speaking and showed more self-esteem, and self-control in the classroom interactions.
The Communication Skills of Future Teachers during their Initial Training
Authors: Rodríguez Fuentes Antonio Vicente , Ayllón Blanco María Fernanda , Gallego Ortega José Luis , Gómez Pérez Isabel Angustias
Published: February 2017

Communication skills are considered vital in order to work as a professional teacher. This study evaluates the communication skills of students in teaching programs at two public universities of Spain. We developed a questionnaire based on consolidated theoretical knowledge in the field of educational communication: a) skills as a transmitter, b) skills as a receiver, c) skills as a classroom teacher, d) skills as a participant in meetings, and e) skills as a tutor; and gave it to 670 students who were in their first (start of their degree), second (middle of their degree) and third years (about to graduate) of a teaching degree in the academic year 2013/2014, so that the data reflected the participants' levels of experience. Through the use of cross-cutting research methods we obtained the data and performed quantitative analyses of a descriptive nature. The results revealed a certain inadequacy in the acquisition and development of teaching-related communication skills, which was more pronounced in supposedly "classical" areas of communication: transmission and reception than in others: classroom communication, meeting participation and tutorial conversation, despite the fact that more progress is made in the former areas over time. We discuss these data and offer guidelines for specific training.
Use of Flashcards in Dealing with Reading and Writing Difficulties in SEN students
Authors: Alanazi Mona Saleh
Published: February 2017

Various research studies have found that DI flashcards is a highly effective intervention technique when academic skills deficits are found in the students with disabilities. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a flashcard system in dealing with reading and writing problems with 40 5th grade female students with learning disorders. Students with learning disorders experience academic problems, which is preceded by signs such as distorted language or a delay in picking up a language etc. It means that the problems are natural, neurological and behavioural at times. The school identified for the present study was located in an urban school district in the Northern Border areas of Saudi Arabia. A specific textbook My beautiful language by Lughati Al Jamila for 5th grade elementary pupils was chosen as a tool for the study, based on the students’ pre-test scores. The effects of the flashcard procedure were assessed across sets of problems. The post study data reveals that all participants improved their mastery of reading and writing skills. The flash card procedure was inexpensive and easily implemented in a resource room setting.
PLACES AND NAMES IN ASŪNE PARISH IN THE CENSUS (“REVISION OF SOULS”) OF 1772
Authors: Kovaļevska Otīlija
Published: March 2017

The aim of the article is to present the content of the census 1772 for Rēzekne District and show the possibilities it provides for research of the place names of certain areas. The chosen territory corresponds to Asūne parish as it was in 1935 and includes the contemporary Asūne and Ķepova parish, as well as partially Svariņi and Bērziņi parish. The results of 1772 census is the richest source of information about villages and inhabitants which belonged to the former Asūne half a manor and clergy house in 18th century. The documents describe 75 villages, 424 households and 4733 persons. Individual people are listed indicating each person’s name, surname (for adults), age, and position in the family or kinship (hosts, wives, children, other relatives, foster children, workers s. c.). Up to now it is also the oldest source, so broadly representing women's surnames in Asūne parish because they differ from their husbands' surnames. Most often a woman kept their father’s surname, but occasionally the surname was made of her father’s name or even of a place name. Thereby it becomes possible to observe the intense formation process of surnames and related place names in the 18th century. Noteworthy are the names and surnames that are rare or even have not survived to the present day, but the traces of such names are still preserved in place names and surnames, which in turn indicate newcomers from other parishes and even from Belarus. Geographical descriptions of villages contain also the names of 17 lakes and 11 rivers; most of them have kept their names until nowadays. Older forms of actual place names and several already disappeared names can be found there.For the analysis of the material options of Excel programs (structuring, selection the materials, extraction and processing of statistical data, graphic visualization) have been used. Cartographical methods have been employed to search for correlations between the village names and surnames. To acquire a better understanding of the results of the census 1772, these materials were compared with earlier 18th century census data, as well as with maps from various periods.
Measuring means knowledge
Authors: Balle Bernd
Published: March 2017

Optical designers, physicists and engineers at FISBA develop, analyze and optimize optical components on behalf of their customers. Thanks to its innovative production techniques, the Swiss company is widely renowned as a manufacturer of highquality optical components and systems. A ZEISS MICURA coordinate measuring machine is among the tools used by the company to ensure the quality that is valued around the globe.
Cisplatin-induced apoptotic endonuclease EndoG inhibits telomerase activity and causes malignant transformation of human CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhdanov D.D. , Vasina D.A. , Orlova E.V. , Orlova V.S. , Pokrovsky V.S. , Pokrovskaya M.V. , Aleksandrova S.S. , Sokolov N.N.
Published: March 2017

Alternative splicing of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT pre-mRNA (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) regulates telomerase activity. Increased expression of non-active splice variant hTERT results in inhibition of telomerase. Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG is known to participate in hTERT alternative splicing. Expression of EndoG can be induced in response to DNA damages. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a DNA-damaging compound, cisplatin, to induce EndoG and its influence on alternative splicing of hTERT and telomerase activity in human CD4+ Т lymphocytes. Overexpression of EndoG in CD4+ T cells downregulated the expression of active full-length hTERT variant and upregulated its non-active spliced variant. Reduction of full-length hTERT caused downregulation of telomerase activity, shortening of telomeres length during cell divisions, converting cells to the replicative senescence state, activation of apoptosis and finally cell death. Few cells survived and underwent malignant transformation. Transformed cells have increased telomerase activity and proliferative potential compare to initial CD4+ T cells. These cells have phenotype of T lymphoblastic leukemic cells and are able to form tumors and cause death in experimental mice.
Ruminacje a skutki traumy u kobiet doświadczających przemocy w rodzinie
Authors: Ogińska-Bulik Nina
Published: February 2017

The study aimed to establish the relationship between ruminations and the occurrence of negative (posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms) and positive (posttraumatic growth) effects of trauma resulting from the experience of violence in the family. The data of 89 women who have experienced domestic violence were analyzed. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 60 years (M = 34.36, SD = 12.81). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: the Impact of Event Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Event-Related Rumination Inventory, the last of these measuring two types of ruminations: intrusive and deliberate. Both types of ruminations proved to be associated, above all, with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Weaker associations were noted between the intensity of deliberate ruminations and posttraumatic growth. Intrusive ruminations played a predictive role with regard to posttraumatic stress disorder: above all, with regard to intrusion and arousal; deliberate ruminations proved to be a predictor of posttraumatic growth, mainly positive changes in self-perception and relations with others. Ruminations play an essential role in the occurrence of both negative and positive outcomes of the experienced trauma.
Drawing without eyesight. Evidence from congenitally blind learners
Authors: Szubielska Magdalena , Niestorowicz Ewa , Marek Bogusław
Published: February 2017

The paper investigates the formal characteristics of drawings made by congenitally blind children and teenagers as well as the possibility and level of accuracy in the recognition of these drawings by sighted individuals. The study involved children and students aged seven to fifteen years. The formal features predominant in the drawings analyzed were typical for the failed realism stage. As an additional goal of the study, we investigated the usefulness of the transfograph as an educational resource supporting the introduction of tactile graphics to congenitally blind persons. Drawings made by blind subjects before and after training with a transfograph revealed a similar level of difficulty with their identification. However, following a prompt about the subject of each drawing, those made after the training were described by judges as more easily identifiable. In addition, the drawings made after training showed fewer features of failed realism.
Jak rysują osoby, które nigdy nie widziały? Badania niewidomych uczniów
Authors: Szubielska Magdalena , Niestorowicz Ewa , Marek Bogusław
Published: February 2017

The paper investigates the formal characteristics of drawings made by congenitally blind children and teenagers as well as the possibility and level of accuracy in the recognition of these drawings by sighted individuals. The study involved children and students aged seven to fifteen years. The formal features predominant in the drawings analyzed were typical for the failed realism stage. As an additional goal of the study, we investigated the usefulness of the transfograph as an educational resource supporting the introduction of tactile graphics to congenitally blind persons. Drawings made by blind subjects before and after training with a transfograph revealed a similar level of difficulty with their identification. However, following a prompt about the subject of each drawing, those made after the training were described by judges as more easily identifiable. In addition, the drawings made after training showed fewer features of failed realism.
Explicit and implicit materialism vs. self-esteem and readiness for self-improvement in young people
Authors: Zawadzka Anna Maria , Iwanowska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the relationship between explicit and implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement in teenagers. We carried out two studies. In the first one, we examined what object and activity categories are linked to teenage happiness and how the category of happiness associated with possessing things is linked to materialistic teenage attitudes. The second study looked into the associations of implicit materialism with implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement. The obtained results showed that (a) five categories of teenage happiness can be distinguished: people and animals, interests, sport, achievements, material possessions and money; (b) as initially assumed, implicit materialism is positively linked to explicit materialism and negatively linked to both self-esteem (Study 2) and readiness for self-improvement (Studies 1 and 2). However, no significant relationship was observed between explicit materialism and self-esteem or readiness for self-improvement.
Materializm jawny i utajony a samoocena i gotowość do samonaprawy u młodzieży
Authors: Zawadzka Anna Maria , Iwanowska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the relationship between explicit and implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement in teenagers. We carried out two studies. In the first one, we examined what object and activity categories are linked to teenage happiness and how the category of happiness associated with possessing things is linked to materialistic teenage attitudes. The second study looked into the associations of implicit materialism with implicit materialism, self-esteem, and readiness for self-improvement. The obtained results showed that (a) five categories of teenage happiness can be distinguished: people and animals, interests, sport, achievements, material possessions and money; (b) as initially assumed, implicit materialism is positively linked to explicit materialism and negatively linked to both self-esteem (Study 2) and readiness for self-improvement (Studies 1 and 2). However, no significant relationship was observed between explicit materialism and self-esteem or readiness for self-improvement.
A Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS)
Authors: Steuden Stanisława , Brudek Paweł , Izdebski Paweł
Published: February 2017

The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish 3D-WS can be successfully used for research purposes. The Polish adaptation consists of 39 items covering four dimensions: Cognitive, Affective, Self-Awareness, and Empathic. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 475 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the entire scale and oscillated between .64 and .77 for the subscales. Over the course of the study, it turned out that some subscales of the Polish 3D-WS can be influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education.
Gender differences in prospective memory in young and older adults
Authors: Riess Marta , Janoszczyk Katarzyna , Niedźwieńska Agnieszka , Rendell Peter G.
Published: February 2017

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between gender and prospective memory performance with respect to participants’ age and the specific requirements of pro-spective memory tasks. Prospective memory performance was better for women compared to men in the older adult group. In the entire sample, women performed better than men on prospective memory tasks with an external cue. The possible influence of factors related to the gender role, personality, and perception on prospective memory performance is discussed.
Need-appeals, benefit-appeals, and brand-user-trait-appeals in television advertising: A content analysis of commercials
Authors: Gorbaniuk Oleg , Kapinos Anna , Chodara Magdalena , Chochoł Paweł , Kazanowski Kamil , Kliszcz Tomasz , Mroczek Kamil , Kot Przemysław , Kolańska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

The aim of the exploratory study was to answer the question of which categories of needs domi-nate in television commercials of material products in Poland, which of the activated needs make up clusters in the light of marketing practice, which of the benefits offered the most frequently accompany the arousal of different categories of needs, and what are the most important correlates of activated needs from the perspective of design features and scenarios of advertising. A content analysis of a sample of 418 spots was carried out by 10 judges, whose reliability was psychometrically verified before and after the analysis. We adopted Maslow’s elaboration of his own theory of needs as the basis of taxonomy. Averaged assessment of judges became the basis of quantitative analysis, which showed the dominant role of lower-order needs in television commercials, the co-occurrence of higher-order needs, and their close link with the symbolic benefits (social, emotional and expressive) associated with advertised product brands and with the user image.
Korzyści, potrzeby i cechy typowych użytkowników marek aktywizowane przez spoty telewizyjne: analiza treści reklam produktów materialnych
Authors: Gorbaniuk Oleg , Kapinos Anna , Chodara Magdalena , Chochoł Paweł , Kazanowski Kamil , Kliszcz Tomasz , Mroczek Kamil , Kot Przemysław , Kolańska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

The aim of the exploratory study was to answer the question of which categories of needs domi-nate in television commercials of material products in Poland, which of the activated needs make up clusters in the light of marketing practice, which of the benefits offered the most frequently accompany the arousal of different categories of needs, and what are the most important correlates of activated needs from the perspective of design features and scenarios of advertising. A content analysis of a sample of 418 spots was carried out by 10 judges, whose reliability was psychometrically verified before and after the analysis. We adopted Maslow’s elaboration of his own theory of needs as the basis of taxonomy. Averaged assessment of judges became the basis of quantitative analysis, which showed the dominant role of lower-order needs in television commercials, the co-occurrence of higher-order needs, and their close link with the symbolic benefits (social, emotional and expressive) associated with advertised product brands and with the user image.
Reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica, uma prática interdisciplinar para saúde e qualidade de vida: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Da Silva Klahr Patrícia
Published: March 2017

Introdução: A Reabilitação Cardiopulmonar e Metabólica (RCPM), é caracterizada pela integração de intervenções, denominadas ações não farmacológicas, assegurando melhores condições físicas, psicológicas e sociais aos   pacientes com doença cardiovascular, pulmonar e metabólica. Objetivo: Descrever a RCPM enfatizando a atuação interdisciplinar, para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Método: Propondo uma revisão de literatura, foi realizada nas bases de dados virtuais: PubMed, Portal Capes, Scielo, Bireme e Cochrane Library, uma busca por artigos científicos dos últimos dez anos, com os descritores: Reabilitação; qualidade de vida; pesquisa Interdisciplinar e insuficiência cardíaca. Resultado: A RCPM possui quatro fases, objetivando o progresso  gradual da recuperação da saúde do paciente. As principais indicações para RCPM são: coronariopatia, insuficiência cardíaca, pneumopatia crônica, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, síndromes metabólicas, entre outras. Logo, as contraindicações são: angina instável, tromboflebite, embolia recente, infecção sistêmica aguda, entre outros. A equipe interdisciplinar na RCPM é composta por médicos, enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas, educadores físicos, psicólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais, assistentes sociais e nutricionistas. Conclusão: É necessário uma equipe multidisciplinar que trabalhe de forma interdisciplinar e coletiva, para potencializar os benefícios da reabilitação, podendo oferecer uma assistência diferenciada ao paciente e contribuir para  melhor qualidade de vida.
Akuntabilitas Keuangan UMKM: Bagaimana Perspektif dari Sebuah UMKM Bidang Perdagangan?
Authors: Widyatama Arif , Yanida Maria
Published: March 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemahaman pelaku UMKM mengenai akuntabilitas yang diwujudkan dalam laporan keuangan. Pemahaman ini penting, mengingat laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan, harus dipertanggungjawabkan kepada pihak eksternal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. UMKM yang menjadi situs penelitian adalah sebuah UMKM yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM belum memahami makna dan merasa pentingnya akuntabilitas. Hal ini disebabkan karena selama ini mereka hanya melakukan pembukuan dan pelaporan keuangan yang sederhana dan belum sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku yaitu SAK ETAP.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the depth of SME???s understanding towards accountability that embodied in the financial statements. This is important since the financial statements must be reported as part of accountability to external parties. This research was conducted based on qualitative method and phenomenological approach. The site of this research is an SME engaged in a fish trade. The results show that the SME has not realised the meaning and importance of accountability. This is due to simple bookeeping and financial reporting done by this SME, which is not in accordance with the applicable standard (SAK ETAP).
Income Smoothing: Apakah Ukuran Perusahaan Memoderasi?
Authors: Paramita Ratna Wijayanti Daniar , Isarofah -
Published: March 2017

Abstract

This study aims to analyse whether the firm size become variable moderation to influence profitability, leverage and dividend policy toward income smoothing. This research has an underlying idea that income smoothing practices often undertaken with the aim of attracting investors, but it would need to be re-examined what factors affecting the practice of smoothing earnings and whether the size of the company will strengthen or weaken the income smoothing practices. The sample used are 26 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2010-2014. The result showed that the size of the company became a moderating variable for leverage on income smoothing. On the contrary, for the profitability and dividend policy on income smoothing, company size not became moderating variable.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah ukuran perusahaan merupakan variabel moderasi untuk pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage dan kebijakan deviden terhadap income smoothing. Penelitian ini didasari oleh pemikiran bahwa praktik perataan laba seringkali dilakukan dengan tujuan menarik minat investor; namun perlu kiranya diteliti kembali faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik perataan laba dan apakah besar kecilnya perusahaan akan memperkuat atau memperlemah praktik perataan laba tersebut. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 26 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010-2014. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan hanya menjadi variabel moderasi untuk pengaruh variabel leverage ??terhadap perataan laba. Sedangkan, untuk variabel profitabilitas dan kebijakan dividen terhadap perataan laba, ukuran perusahaan tidak menjadi variabel moderasi.
Reported Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Group of Saudi Children
Authors: BDS, MS Nouf S. Al-Hammad
Published: February 2017

Objective: To report the most commonly experienced night and daytime behavior and symptoms by a group of Saudi OSA children and compare them with a healthy control. Methods: 27 mothers of OSA children (study group) and 27 mothers of healthy, none OSA children, with comparable age and gender, (control group) answered the study questionnaire, on behalf of their children, about sleep-time and daytime behavior and symptoms. Results: The mean (±SD) yes answers for the night-time questions for the study group was 6.07 (±2.759), and 0.7 (±0.8) for the control. For the daytime, the mean yes answers was 1.6 (±0.9) for the study and 0.19 (±0.3) for the control group. Independent samples t-test showed statistically significant differences between the means P=0.000. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the responses for ten of the evaluated night-time symptoms and only one of the daytime symptoms. Conclusions: 1. OSA children had significantly more night and daytime symptoms than the control. 2. Chronic, heavy snoring, difficult breathing during sleep, mouth breathing (during sleep and daytime), and restless sleep were the most commonly reported symptoms.
A Study of Prevalence of Anemia among HIV Patients and its Correlation with Clinical Stage of Aids, Cd4 Count and Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Arun Tyagi Dr Paras Zunke , Dr Marcia Waran
Published: February 2017

Anaemia is an important clinical problem in patients with HIV infection and those with AIDS. The causes of anaemia in HIV infection are multifactorial. HIV per se causes decrease in production of RBCs and other bone marrow elements, as it has direct effect on bone marrow stromal cells and cause cytokine secretion. The elevated level of cytokines and Tumour necrosis factor further inhibit haematopoiesis in HIV. There is also evidence of increased risk of anaemia in association with zidovudine use, CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/μl and high viral load. This study was conducted to find out the incidence of anaemia among patients with HIV and its association with WHO clinical staging, CD4 count and Anti- Retroviral Therapy (ART). The study was conducted at department of medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital in western Maharashtra from July 2015 to September 2016. A total of 316 patients (106 Outpatients and 214 indoor patients) were included in the study. Significantly high prevalence of anaemia was seen in patients in WHO stage II-IV, with the highest prevalence in stage III. Although anaemia was seen in all levels of CD4 counts, anaemia prevalence 89.5% was significantly high in patients with CD4 count >< 200 cells/μl. The patients not on ART had higher prevalence of anemia than those who were receiving ART, regardless of whether the regimen was AZT containing or not. The study highlights that advanced disease, low CD+ count and non-exposure to ART are adverse risk factors for development of anemia among HIV patients.
Morphometrical and histological evaluation of the effect of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 on rats sciatic nerve after crush injury
Authors: DR. Saleh M. Ali** Dr.Maan H. Al-Khalisy*,
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) on nerve regeneration and recovery after crush injury to sciatic nerve in experimental rats Study Design: Prospective observational study Setting: Department of anatomy, College of medicine,Baghdad University Subjects and intervention: Total 60 Rats ,with ageing(8-12) weeks old of both sex, during 45 days period were included in this study Study period: 15 October 2016 to 30 November 2016 Results: on comparision among different groups ( control and experimental groups ) . Best improvement in group of rats on B12(group D) than other groups on B1(groupB) or B6(group C). B12 group treated with ( 1mg / kg / day ) significantly increased in the MTC when compared to the control , B6 and B1 groups on days 15, 30 and 45 of the study at P≤0.05. Histological analysis by Van Giesons stain,A- all groups control and experimental (B1,B6,B12,A) show degeneration in different areas but less in group B12. B- sciatic nerve fascicles with Schwann cell and fibroblast better organized in group B12 Conclusion: vitamin B12, among different kind of vitamins B, considered as a best vital medication for regeneration and remyelination of damage nerve fibers.
Book Review: Greenwood, M. et al. (Eds.). (2015). Determinants of Indigenous Peoples' Health in Canada: Beyond the Social
Authors: Mignone Javier
Published: March 2017

This article provides a review of the book Determinants of Indigenous Peoples’ Health in Canada: Beyond the Social edited by Margo Greenwood, Sarah de Leeuw, Nicole Marie Lindsay, and Charlotte Reading.
Dicuil um Føroyar / Dicuil about the Faroe Islands
Authors: Skårup Povl
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Liber de Mensura Orbis Terrae (825 e. Kr.) eftir Dicuil er tann elsti kendi teksturin, har ið Føroyar helst verða umrøddar. Niðanfyri verður henda umrøða endurgivin í tí latínska upprunatekstinum saman við einari enskari týðing, bæði eftir útgávuni frá 1967 og við mínum viðmerkingum. Dentur verður serliga lagdur á at granska ein ávísan setning í tekstinum. Hesin setningur hevur verið støðið undir tí tilgiting, at ein partur av tí, sum hevur verið hildið at snúgva seg um Føroyar, heldur er um Hetland. At enda verður ein onnur tilgiting umrødd. Henda tilgiting setur fram, at einki í umrødda tekstinum snýr seg um Føroyar. Tilgitingarnar verða báðar frávístar. Summary: Dicuil’s Liber de Mensura Orbis Terrae (A.D. 825) is the oldest known text to contain a probable reference to the Faroe Islands. The excerpt in question is provided below in the Latin original and in English translation, both from the 1967 edition, followed by my com- ments. One sentence in the excerpt in particular is discussed. The sentence has been used to support a hypothesis that a part of what is traditionally thought to refer to the Faroe Islands, may instead refer to the Shetlands. Finally a second hypothesis is discussed. This hypothesis proposes that nothing in the text in question refers to the Faroe Islands. Both hypotheses are rejected.
William Heinesen – et supplement til hans bibliografi (2002-2008) / William Heinesen – eitt ískoyti til bókmentaskránna (2002-2008)
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Í 1989 almannakunngjørdi Dansklærarafelagið eitt stórt samansavn av mínum bókmentasøguligu bókmentaskráum frá árunum 1967-1986. Í sambandi við William Heinesen varð hildið á við arbeiðinum í Fróðskaparritum 50. bók, 2002, bls. 57-62. Niðannevndi listi dagførir skrásetingina. Í tveimum ískoytum verða bókmentir um Jens Paula Heinesen og Jørgen-Frantz Jacobsen skrásettar á sama hátt. Sammendrag: I 1989 offentliggjorde Dansklærerforeningen en stor kumulation af mine litteraturhistoriske bibliografier fra årene 1967-1986. Arbejdet blev for William Heinesens vedkommende videreført i Fróðskaparrit 50, 2002, s. 57-62. Nedenstående liste ajourfører registreringen. I to tillæg fortegnes på samme vis litteratur om Jens Pauli Heinesen og Jørgen-Frantz Jacobsen.
Helgoland og Norðurhavsoyggjar / Heligoland and the Norwegian Islands in the North Atlantic
Authors: Wang Zakarias
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Í 1814 kom friður í lag Stórabretlands, Svøríkis og Danmarkar millum. Stórabretland fekk frá Danmørk oynna Helgoland. Svøríki læt Danmørk svenska Pommern og Rügen móti at fáa Noreg, men í evstu stund var friðarsáttmálin broyttur, so norsku oyggjarnar í Norðurhøvum, Grønland, Føroyar og Ísland, ikki fylgdu við Noregi. Skjalatilfarið sigur lítið um, hví hetta hendi, men settar eru fram ymsar tilgitingar. Her verður tann tilgiting førd fram, at tað kann vera bretska kravið um Helgoland, sum hevur fingið Karl Johan at sleppa Norðurhavsoyggjum fyri at fáa friðin í lag beinanvegin. Á tann hátt slapp hann undan illstøðu við sameindu sínar, serliga bretar, sum vóru misnøgdir við, at hann hevði tikið seg burtur úr bardaganum ímóti Napoleon fyri at vinna Noreg.Abstract: The peace treaties of Kiel in 1814 between Denmark and the United Kingdom, and Denmark and Sweden ceded the island of Heligoland (Helgoland) to the UK and Norway to Sweden. In return for Norway, Denmark was given Pomerania and Rugen, the Swedish provinces in Germany. At the last moment, the treaty between Denmark and Sweden was changed, so the Norwegian islands in the North Atlantic, Greenland, Faroe and Iceland, should not be ceded to Sweden with Norway. The sources are rather silent on the reasons for this change. Different hypotheses have been put forward. Here the hypothesis is launched, that it is possible that the British demand for the island of Heligoland caused the Swedish crown prince and commander-in-chief Karl Johan relinquish on the islands in the North Atlantic in order to get the peace treaties signed at once so that he could prevent a conflict with his allies, especially the British, who were rather upset because he had pursued his own war aims instead of following the allies in their westward thrust in order to topple the reign of the emperor Napoleon.
Dreams of Cars on an Island - Youth, cars and cultural values in the Faroe Islands / Dreymar um bilar á oyggjum - Ungdómur, bilar og mentanarlig virði í Føroyum
Authors: Gaini Firouz
Published: February 2017

Abstract: This article, based on a research project on youth and car cultures in the Faroe Islands, describes and analyses the meaning, value and symbol given to cars and driving among young people today. The article focuses on leisure, social interaction and cultural identity in order to understand and define the position and role of the car among young people. The risk behaviour and attitude of drivers is investigated with these questions in mind: How do young people interpret their own risk behaviour? How do young people communicate experiences and information concerning the safety and danger of driving? The article aims to give a fresh view on a field that has been characterized by strong prejudiced societal condemnation of young people’s attitudes and behaviour. ÚtrakHesin tekstur, ið hevur støði í granskingarverkætlan um ungdóm og bilmentan í Føroyum, lýsir og greinir meiningar, virði og symbol, ið ung geva bilum og bilkoyring í dag. Teksturin hyggur serliga at frítíðini, sosiala samskiftinum og mentanarliga samleikanum við tí fyri eyga at skilja og allýsa støðuna og leiklutin, ið bilurin hevur millum ung. Risiko-atferðin og hugburðurin hjá bil- førarum verða kannað við hesum spurningum í huga: Hvussu tulka ung sjálv sína risiko-atferð? Hvussu samskifta ung sínar royndir og sína vitan viðvíkjandi trygd og vanda í bilkoyring? Málið við tekstinum er at geva eina nýggja mynd av einum evni, ið hevur verið eyðkent av sterkari samfelagsligari fordøming av hugburði og atferð ungdómsins.
Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809). A New Record from the Faroe Islands / Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809). Nýggj skráseting úr Føroyum
Authors: Simonsen William
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Svartaklukkan Agonum fuliginosum varð funnin í juli 2007 oman fyri Funningsbygd. Hetta er fyrstu ferð hendan klukkan er funnin í Føroyum. Klukkan varð funnin í vátum bøi, og er Agonum fuliginosum at finna í vátligum lendi í sínum útbreiðsluøki. Tað, at hendan klukkan nú er funnin í Føroyum, ger útbreiðsluøki hennara størri. Eisini vísir henda nýggja skrásetingin, hvønn týdning tað hevur at gera kanningar og skrásetingar av djóralívi í Føroyum. Við slíkum skrásetingum ber betur til at leggja til rættis, hvussu vit kunnu varðveita lívfrøðiliga margfeldið.Abstract: A new record in the Faroe Islands, Agonum fuliginosum (Panzer, 1808)(Coleoptera, Carabidae), was discovered in July 2007 on the island of Eysturoy. It was found above the village Funningur which is situated on the north-western part of the island. Agonum fuliginosum was found on small wet meadow like riverbank’s; in its area of distribution A. fuliginosum is associated with rather wet areas. Because of this new discovery, the known distribution of Agonum fuliginosum is expanded. The discovery shows the necessity of comprehensive surveys, to be able to plan protection of biodiversity.
Elodes pseudominuta (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) in the Faroe Islands / Elodes pseudominuta (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) í Føroyum
Authors: Hansen Janus , Foster Garth N.
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Klukkan Elodes pseudominuta er skrásett fyri fyrstu ferð í Føroyum. Helst er tað so, at skrásetingar í Føroyum av klukkuni Elodes minuta av røttum áttu at verið E. pseudominuta.Abstract: The Marsh Beetle Elodes pseudominuta, has been recorded for the first time in the Faroes. It is likely that previous records of Elodes minuta from the Faroes have been based on E. pseudominuta.
The occurrence of two species of the family Priapulidae in Faroese waters / Tvey sløg av ættini Priapulidae á føroyskum sjóøki
Authors: Sørensen Jan , Murina Vantsetti V.
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Í greinini verður greitt frá tveimum djórasløgum úr ættini Priapulidae, Priapulus caudatus, Lamarck, 1816 og Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Koren and Danielssen, 1868). Tikið verður saman um navnasøgu, útbreiðslu og hvussu sløgini síggja út og hvussu kann skiljast ímillum hesi bæði sløgini. Hetta er fyrstu ferð, at greitt verður frá P. bicaudatus á føroyskum øki. Í greinini er eisini ein greiningarlykil til eyðmerkingar av sløgunum.Abstract: In this paper we describe the occurrence of two species from the family Priapulidae in Faroese waters, Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Koren and Danielssen, 1868) and Priapulus caudatus, Lamarck, 1816. A list of synonyms, all known locations where the species have been found, a reference to a good description of the species and a general description of the distribution of the species is also given. A key to identify the species is also given.
Chemical sediment variables from the Faroe area: Organic content, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Zinc, and Copper / Evnafrøðiligar bleytbotnsdátur á føroyskum havøki: lívrunnið tilfar, nitrogen, fosfor, sink og kopar
Authors: Sørensen Jan , Bærentsen Jákup K. , Hansen Jógvan F. , Nolsø Ámundur , Trygvadóttir Birna V.
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin hevur síðan 1998 gjørt regluligar kanningar av botnsigi í føroyskum firðum. Kanningarnar fevndu um fylgjandi evnafrøðiligu brigdlar: nøgd av lívrunnum tilfari (gløðitap), sinki, kopari og heildarnøgd av køvievni og fosfori. Greinin viðger broytni av hesum og fevnir um 229 staksýni.Í hesi grein eru eisini savnað úrslit, sum onnur hava almannakunngjørt um somu evnafrøðiligu broytlar.Úrslitini eru bólkað eftir dýpi og eftir hvørjum slagi av botnsigi, ið tað snýr seg um. Eisini verður hugt eftir, hvussu virðini eru inni við land og borið verður saman við, hvussu tað er útiá.Inni við land var nøgdin av lívrunnum tilfari, nitrogeni, fosfori, sinki og kopari í botnsiginum ávikavist: 0,5-13,0 %, 0,14-4,01 g/kg, 0,43-2,02 g/kg, 12-98 mg/kg og 14-120 mg/kg. Útiá var innihaldið av lívrunnum tilfari millum 1,3 og 5,6 %, meðan innihaldið av sinki og kopari vóru 13-47 mg/kg og 5-38 mg/kg.Abstract: Since 1998 Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory (KMBL) has regularly performed seabed surveys in Faroese fjords. The analyses performed on the sediments included the chemical variables: Organic content (loss on ignition), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, zinc and copper. This paper deals with the variability of the variables in the Faroe area.The results of 229 seabed samples are included. Inshore data are compared and related to depth intervals and according to sediment types. Sediment data from inshore waters are compared to sediment data from offshore localities.Also included in this paper are eight reports that include data on the above mentioned chemical variables.From inshore waters the concentration of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc and copper in the sediments was, respectively: 0.5-13.0 %, 0.14-4.01 g/kg, 0.43-2.02 g/kg, 12-98 mg/kg and 14-120 mg/kg. Organic content from offshore localities showed values from 1.3 to 5.6 % while the content of zinc and copper were 13-47 mg/kg and 5-38 mg/kg, respectively.
Ringing recoveries of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in the Faroe Islands during the years 1963-2007 / Ringmerkingar av føroyskum gráspurvum (Passer domesticus) árini 1963-2007
Authors: Magnussen Eyðfinn , Jensen Jens-Kjeld
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Gráspurvurin (Passer domesticus) má metast at vera ein tann støðufastasti búfuglurin í Føroyum. Síðan 1963 eru tilsamans 2.167 gráspurvar ringmerktir í 12 ymiskum føroyskum bygdum, spjaddar kring landið. 17% vórðu merkt í reiðrinum, 39% vóru ungfuglar og 39% vaksnir fuglar. 225 (10%) av teimum merktu gráspurvunum vórðu fingnir ella sæddir aftur; allir í Føroyum, og einans tveir í aðrari bygd enn henni, har teir upprunaliga vórðu merktir. Helvtin av fráboðanunum komu tær fyrstu 8 vikurnar eftir merkingina, 25% fyrstu 3 vikurnar. Í flestum førum (68%) doyðu fuglarnir av ókendum ávum, men har deyðaatvoldin var kend, var ketta vanligasta atvoldin. Miðallívstíðin hjá føroyska gráspurvinum er 1,3 ár. Helvtin av spurvunum, sum vórðu merktir í reiðrinum ella sum ungfuglar, doyðu eftir 4,1 mánaðum. Tann elsti gráspurvurin, vit vita um í Føroyum, varð fingin aftur næstan tíggju ár eftir, at hann varð merktur í reiðrinum.Abstract: The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most sedentary species of wild birds in the Faroe Islands. Since 1963, 2,167 house sparrows (17% nestlings, 39% juveniles and 39% adults) have been ringed at 12 places, scattered over the Faroe Islands. 225 (10%) have been recovered, dead or resighted/ recaptured, all within the Faroe Islands, and only two outside the villages where they were ringed. Half of the recoveries were reported within 8 weeks, 25% already within 3 weeks. In most cases (68%), the cause of death was unknown. However, “killed by cat” was the most common known cause. The median life-span for the Faroese house sparrows is 4.1 months, and average age at death is 1.3 years. The oldest house sparrow recorded in the Faroe Islands was found dead almost ten years after it was ringed as nestling.
Catch history and distribution of white- sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) of the Faroe Islands / Veiðisøga og útbreiðsla av skjórutum springara (Lagenorhynchus acutus) í Føroyum
Authors: Bloch Dorete , Mikkelsen Bjarni
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Síðan 1872 siga veiðihagtølini frá, at uml. 9.435 skjórutir springarar hava lagt beinini í 158 grindum, og tað gevur eitt árligt miðaltal á 68.4 hvalir og 1.1 flokkur. Fyri tey árini, har ið dráp var, er talið 168 hvalir og 2.8 flokkar. Tað, ið árliga hevur verið dripið, hevur ligið um 0-774 hvalir á 1-10 flokkar. Støddin á flokkunum hevur ligið um 1-544 (í miðal 60 hvalir) við 74% < 50 hvalir/flokk. Flestir skjórutir springarar vórðu sæddir sunnan fyri Suðuroynna, og 37% av springarunum úr 20 flokkum eru hildnir til í Vági og Hvalba. Raksturin er í hæddini í september, og eingin hevur verið í mars og desember. Úti á havinum hava hvalir verið sæddir alt árið. Ein mislittur hvalur kom fyri í tveimum drápum.Abstract: Since 1872, the catch data informs about 9,435 white- sided dolphins taken in 158 drives, an annual average of 68.4 whales and 1.1 pod, and 168 whales and 2.8 pods for only the years containing a catch. The annual catch has ranged 0-774 whales in 1-10 pods. The pod size has ranged 1-544 (avg. 60 whales) with 74% < 50 whales/pod. Most white-sided dolphins were observed south off Suðuroy and 37% dolphins from 20 pods has been killed in Vágur and Hvalba. The drives peak in September and none has occurred in March and December. Offshore the whale has been reported all year round. A discoloured whale occurred in two catches.
News and progress 2008 / Nýtt innan vísindi 2008
Authors: Editor E.
Published: February 2017

The following scientists have defended a PhD Thesis in 2008.
Scientific publications about the Faroe Islands 2008 / Vísindaritverk 2008
Authors: Editor E.
Published: February 2017

This list for 2008 is compiled to show the scientific work going on within and outwith the institutions in the Faroe Islands. It should in this way be easier for the readers of Fróðskaparrit to have an idea of the different Faroese projects the scientists are working on and make it easier to acquire papers and books. The list also includes papers and books made by scientists outside the Faroese institutions, and whenever possible, the editorial office of Fróðskaparrit can provide contact addresses of the author(s). Moreover, this list also includes some papers missed out in pervious numbers of Fróðskaparrit.
Analytiskt mið- og hástig / Analytical comparative and superlative
Authors: Petersen Hjalmar P.
Published: February 2017

Úrtak: Føroyskt er í ferð við at broyta seg frá einum syntetiskum til eitt analytiskt mál. Tað merkir, at í dag er talan um variatión millum syntetiska og analytiska syntaks. Partur av hesari broytingini er tað analytiska mið­ og hástigið, sum breiðir seg, t.e. sovorðið sum meira sjúkur og mest sjúkur fyri sjúkari og sjúkastur. Her verður kannað, hvussu langt áleiðis broytingin er komin, og sagt verður nakað um grundirnar fyri, hví broytingin er íkomin, t.e., um talan er um driv (innari málbroyting), ella málamót (ytri orsøk til broytingina, t.e. samband við danskt). Eisini verður kannað, um variatiónin er treytað av m.a. kyni.Abstracts: Faroese is presently changing from a synthetic to an analytic language. A part of this change is that a synthetic comparative and superlative are changing to an analytical comparative and superlative like more sick and most sick. I will look into where this happens, and has happened, and why, that is, if it has come about as the result of drift (that is, an inner change), language contact (external change) or if there are some extra-linguistic reason for the change.