bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE SULFATION PROCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SURFACTANT SUBSTANCES
Authors: Dzevochko O. , Podustov M. , Dzevochko A.
Published: January 2023

Data on the use of surface-active substances in various areas of Ukrainian industry are given. The rapid development of the production of surface-active substances is shown. The main stages of the production of surface-active substances are given. It is shown that the sulfation stage is the main one, at which high quality indicators of the obtained products are achieved.

The main disadvantages and advantages of sulfating agents in the technology of surface-active substances (surfactants) are given. The characteristics of the equipment and technological schemes of the sulfation process of organic substances are given.

It is claimed that the use of tubular film absorbers with a downward flow of phases is currently the most promising for use in industrial conditions.

Convective diffusion equations for the simplified models of Lewis – Whitman, Levich, Higby, Dankverts are given.

It is proposed to present the process of sulfation in a tubular film absorber with the following stages: the process of mass transfer of gaseous sulfur trioxide to the surface of the interface, the process of absorption of sulfur trioxide by an organic substance with the passage of an exothermic chemical reaction, the process of heat exchange between the liquid phase and the gaseous air flow, the process of heat exchange between the liquid phase and the flow of cooling water. The equation for calculating the mass transfer coefficient is given, which allows obtaining data close to Gutierrez's experimental data. The passage of successive chemical reactions during the absorption of sulfur trioxide by organic raw materials is shown. Kinetic equations and methods of calculating the degree of sulfation and color of the obtained products are given. Basic equations for calculating heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficients are given.

The results of mathematical modeling of the sulfation process in a tubular film absorber are given.

The possibility of achieving high quality indicators of the obtained product is shown: the degree of sulfation is 97,9 %, the color is 1 unit on the iodine scale.
QUASI-ANALYTIC METHOD OF LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS INVERSION
Authors: Kutsenko Oleksandr , Kovalenko Serhii
Published: January 2023

The problem of inversion of dynamic systems has become widespread while solving the problems of control, identification, and measurement problems arising during the design and research of electrical and mechanical dynamic systems. Inverting is an effective way of implementing disturbance control processes, as well as in combined control systems with a predictive model. The analysis of information sources showed that in the practical solution of most inversion problems, a number of difficulties arise, which are associated with the high sensitivity of the results in relation to the accuracy of the parameters of the mathematical model of the control object, the instability of the inverse model of non-minimum-phase objects, and the violation of the conditions of physical feasibility. The work offers an effective method of inverting linear stationary dynamic systems, free from the mentioned shortcomings in many respects. The basis of the method is the presentation of input and output signals in the form of infinite linear combinations of their derivatives. A method of determining the sequence of matrix coefficients of linear representations of input and output signals is proposed. The main theoretical result is obtaining relationships between matrix coefficients of input and output signals. The work considers mathematical models of linear dynamic systems in the form of differential equations in the state space and in the equivalent "input-output" form. The considered systems must meet the conditions of asymptotic stability, as well as the condition of equal dimensions of the input and output vectors. Requirements for mathematical models of input and output signals are given, the fulfillment of which allows, instead of infinite sums representing signals, to be limited to a finite number of terms.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF INTERFERENCE-RESISTANT DATA TRANSMISSION FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF CONTROL OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Nikulina Olena , Severyn Valerii , Sharov Vladyslav
Published: January 2023

For data transmission channels used in local control systems for various processes, simple and inexpensive methods are needed that will allow the necessary information to be transmitted without errors. Errors that occur in continuous communication channels are one of the main obstacles to the reliable transmission of information. As a result of the analysis of error statistics in discrete channels, it was concluded that single and double errors occur most often. The purpose of this article is to develop a model of interference-resistant data transmission for information technology optimization of control of dynamic systems. The analyzed causes of errors are signal attenuation, noise and various interferences. The resulting transmitted signal is determined by the combination of the useful signal and the interference signal. When considering discrete signals, several causes of errors are highlighted – edge distortions, pulse splitting, and others. Considered methods of combating obstacles: means of operational and preventive nature; means of increasing interference resistance during the transmission of single elements; use of feedback; adding redundancy to the code; tamper-proof coding. It is proposed to combat errors using tamper-resistant coding. Among the interference-resistant codes, redundant block separable systematic codes are selected, which are divided into cyclic codes and Hamming code. The basis of the interference-resistant coding model is the use of a systematic code - a cyclic code or a Hamming code followed by cascade coding. Since the coding model must be adaptively used in different systems, a necessary criterion of the model is its universality. The model should work in different systems without changing the encoding and decoding algorithms. Among the many types of interference-resistant codes, cascade codes are chosen for use. Widespread cascade codes are universal, easily scalable, work stably, have proven themselves well in world practice, therefore they are recommended for use in various information management systems. The implementation of the interference-resistant data transmission model is presented.
DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS MODEL OF SALES MANAGEMENT IN REAL TIME
Authors: Melnikov Oleg
Published: January 2023

The subject of the research is the development of a strategy for dynamic price management when selling products over a fixed time interval. We consider the case when the demand for the seller's products can be represented as a combination of two random processes: 1) Poisson flow of potential consumers; 2) the purchase of goods by an individual consumer, the probability of which is inversely related to the price of the product. Consumers need at most one unit of the good and have independent equally distributed estimates of its consumer value. Such demand structure allows to formalize the choice of the optimal pricing strategy as an optimal control problem. Employing dynamic programming methods to solving this problem yields a system of Riccati differential equations. The optimal solution is obtained in the closedloop form as a function of the time to expiration of the product value and unsold inventory levels. Examples of a practical solution to the optimal pricing problem are given for special cases when it is possible to find an analytical solution. For the general case, it is shown how to find the optimal prices using numerical methods. Calculations show that optimal prices are decreasing functions of time and inventory levels. The combination of these factors, together with the random nature of the product sales, leads to rather complex observed price trajectories, examples of which were obtained using computer simulations. In particular, in many cases, the implementation of the proposed strategy results in cyclical price behavior, the prevalence of which in retail is well documented. The problem of optimizing the expected income of the seller when using constant prices was also solved. Comparison of the expected income of the seller under static and dynamic prices indicates a significant advantage of the latter. The economic effect of using dynamic pricing is most significant near the expiration of the product value.
СВЕРХКОРОТКИЙ РАДИОИМПУЛЬС СО СКАЧКАМИ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ФАЗЫ НА МЕЖПЛАНЕТНОЙ ТРАССЕ
Authors:   ФИРЭ РАН, Худышев Ю.
Published: January 2023

Рассмотрены характер и возможные особенности процесса распространения сверхкороткого синусоидального радиоимпульса с фазовой манипуляцией в бесстолкновительной плазменной среде на трассах с интегральным электронным содержанием (TEC), соответствующим межпланетным расстояниям. Показано, что при достаточно больших величинах TEC изменения напряжённости поля во времени на входе в среду и на приёмном конце трассы, могут принципиально различаться. При этом вид их авто- и частотной корреляционных функций с увеличением TEC сохраняется, а взаимная корреляционная функция преобразуется к виду амплитудного спектра излучаемого импульса. Показано также, что особенности временных вариаций принимаемого поля могут быть априори ожидаемыми на основе предварительного анализа амплитудного спектра.
ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ЗАПАСЫ ВОДЯНОГО ЛЬДА В ЛУННЫХ ПОЛЯРНЫХ ОБЛАСТЯХ
Authors:   ГЕОХИ РАН, Гришакина Екатерина , Слюта Евгений
Published: January 2023

Представлена оценка прогнозных запасов в определённых выделенных месторождениях с известными координатами и площадью, и с максимальной концентрацией водяного льда, т.е. представляющие наибольший практический интерес для разведки и добычи воды, и других замороженных газовых компонентов.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЮСТИРОВОЧНЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЕЁ К КАЛИБРОВКАМ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛЕСКОПА СПЕКТР - РАДИОАСТРОН В ДИАПАЗОНАХ 6,2; 18 И 92 СМ В 2015-2019 ГГ
Authors:   АКЦ ФИАН, Ермаков А. , Ковалев Юрий , Васильков Валерий
Published: January 2023

Представлены первые результаты разработки новой автоматизированной системы обработки радиометрических данных с космического радиотелескопа (КРТ), внедрения её в плановые работы АКЦ ФИАН по проекту «РадиоАстрон» и применения для калибровки КРТ в юстировочных и РСДБ сеансах. Обработаны собственные шумы системы, а также основные и резервные вторичные эталоны шумового сигнала (внутренние генераторы шума) в диапазонах длин волн 6,2, 18 и 92 см в сеансах измерений за 4 года полёта КРТ в 2015-2019 гг. Обработка и калибровка проведены относительно известных стандартных калибровочных источников - Кассиопеи-А и Крабовидной туманности (Краб). Результаты даны в двух шкалах спектральной плотности потока радиоизлучения - в первичной астрономической шкале (стандартной с 1977 г.) и её недавней коррекции в 2017 г. С погрешностью в несколько процентов калибровка КРТ стабильна относительно каждого из калибраторов. Возможная долговременная переменность калибровочных источников между 1977 и 2017 г. корректируется простыми поправками к финальным результатам. Разработанная система может быть использована для обработки всех юстировочных измерений или контроля калибровок КРТ в 2011-2019 гг. Она может оказаться полезной и для будущих космических проектов.
ОЦЕНКА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВОДЫ В МАРСИАНСКОМ ГРУНТЕ ВДОЛЬ ТРАССЫ ДВИЖЕНИЯ МАРСОХОДА КЬЮРИОСИТИ ПО ДАННЫМ ПАССИВНЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ПРИБОРА ДАН
Authors:   ИКИ РАН, Никифоров С. , Митрофанов Игорь , Литвак Максим , Дьячкова М. , Лисов Денис , Санин Антон
Published: January 2023

Описывается метод оценки содержания водного эквивалента водорода по данным нейтронного зондирования по измерениям прибора ДАН (динамическое альбедо нейтронов) на борту марсохода Кьюриосити. Анализируемые данные получены из пассивных измерений ДАН, когда прибор измеряет поток нейтронного альбедо от поверхности, который создаётся бомбардировкой галактическими космическими лучами и облучением от радиоизотопного термоэлектрического генератора, установленного на борту марсохода.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОГО ПУЛЬСАРА XTE J1859+083 В ШИРОКОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ ЭНЕРГИЙ
Authors:   ИКИ РАН, Салганик А. , Цыганков Сергей
Published: January 2023

Представлены результаты изучения спектральных и временных свойств малоизученного рентгеновского пульсара XTE J1859+083 в широком энергетическом диапазоне 0,8-79 кэВ. Для изучения его свойств использовались данные рентгеновской обсерватории NuSTAR и рентгеновского телескопа обсерватории Swift. На основании полученных данных делаются выводы о физических характеристиках нейтронной звезды и двойной системы.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МНОГОСПУТНИКОВЫХ ГРУППИРОВОК КОСМИЧЕСКИХ АППАРАТОВ РАЗЛИЧНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ
Authors:   МГУ, Смыловский Иван , Сазонова С. , Филиппов А. , Царегородцев А. , Абрамова Вера , Богачева А. , Сазонов Вячеслав , Морозов Олег
Published: January 2023

Задачи, связанные с моделированием и анализом эффективности построения многоспутниковых группировок, требуют специального программного обеспечения, позволяющего, с одной стороны, выполнять операции, интересующие специалистов в области проектной баллистики, а с другой - предоставлять возможности, интересующие системных инженеров. Данная работа посвящена концепции интегрированной среды разработки (IDE), предоставляющей возможности по созданию и редактированию орбитальных группировок с набором правил взаимодействия между объектами. Используемое для построения модели мира дерево физических и абстрактных объектов позволяет создать образ системы из взаимосвязанных компонентов, которая затем допускает как интерактивное моделирование, так и генерацию отчётов в заданном формате. Приводятся примеры моделирования группировок, состоящих из спутников с различным распределением по орбитальным плоскостям, орбитам различного наклонения и т.д.
Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Hamoodi Zaid , Duckworth Andrew D. , Watts Adam C.
Published: January 2023

» Olecranon fractures account for 10% of all elbow fractures and are more likely to result from a low-energy injury. A displaced fracture with a stable ulnohumeral joint (Mayo type 2) is the most common type of injury.

» The management of an isolated olecranon fracture is based on patient factors (age, functional demand, and if medically fit to undergo surgery) and fracture characteristics including displacement, fragmentation, and elbow stability.

» Nonoperative management can be successfully used in undisplaced fractures (Mayo type 1) and in displaced fractures (Mayo type 2) in frail patients with lower functional demands.

» Patients with displaced olecranon fractures with a stable ulnohumeral joint without significant articular surface fragmentation (Mayo type 2A) can be managed with tension band wiring, plate osteosynthesis (PO), intramedullary fixation, or suture repair.

» PO is advocated for multifragmentary fractures and fractures that are associated with ulnohumeral instability. It is essential to consider the variable anatomy of the proximal ulna during surgery.
Neurophysiology and morality: the problem of interdisciplinary research
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Platonov Roman S.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the paper is to reveal the main methodological problems of neuroethics in the course of its development as an interdisciplinary approach to the study of morality, as well as to propose a critical analysis of the results of cognitive science (neurophysiol­ogy) in the context of moral philosophy. For this purpose, the author analyzes the modern subject field of neuroethical research from the point of view of philosophical ethics and discusses the main conceptions in which the results of neurophysiological studies of the moral decision-making process are summarized. The author describes a general divi­sion of the subject field in terms of “neuroethics No. 1” (a part of bioethics) and “neu­roethics No. 2” (a proclaimed part of moral philosophy). The object of research of this ar­ticle is neuroethics No. 2. It is argued that in neuroethics No. 2 the conceptualization of the moral decision-making process is carried out everywhere in accordance with the scheme of “double processes”: intuitive / quick / associative and discursive / slow / calculation-based. Even if the role of intuition is denied, duality is still preserved. This is so because emotions, as an extra-rational part of the psyche, are considered the basis of a quick decision. It is shown that a non-reflexive borrowing of concepts and concep­tions of moral philosophy is carried out both at the level of formation of the subject of re­search and at the level of method. The qualitatively meaningful meaning of concepts is blurred or substituted. Such a language transition outside the boundaries of the subject area of neurophysiology only simulates the presence of interdisciplinarity. The research remains in the frames of the study of cognitive processes, without their moral component. It is concluded that for the development of neuroethics as an interdisciplinary direction, we need to obtain a synthesis of the meanings developed in the course of cultural devel­opment and of the data on human biological development. Further, in accordance with such a synthetic subject we need to adjust the research method, also we must avoid sub­stituting the concepts of philosophical ethics.
Process logic in the practice of pediatrics care: a case study
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State, Solondaev Vladimir K.
Published: January 2023

Process logic described by A. V. Smirnov is based on materials from the arab-muslim cul­ture as a whole. Process logic is contrasted with the substance logic which forms the foundation of European culture as a whole. It has been proven theoretically that any situation could be interpreted using any logic of sense. The article provides an empirical illustration of the use of the process logic in a consultation of a preschool educational in­stitution psychologist on problems connected with a mental disorder of one of the pupils of the institution. On the basis of this single example it is demonstrated how process logic allows the shift of the focus of attention retaining the rational basis of the actions. Situa­tions relating to the health are difficult to describe using substantial logic as the course of the disease depends on the actions of the patient and on the actions of people in his/her immediate surroundings. This limits the usability of the law of identity which is funda­mental to substantial logic. The disease is “not that very same” disease – it is changing as the result of the actions. This creates a persistent uncertainty which is of remarkable im­portance in pediatric healthcare, where the actions of the parents are complicating the sit­uation much more significantly compared to the adult healthcare. In contrast to this, process logic allows us to observe the course of the ailment as such, as being a process, which eliminates the uncertainty. The process determines the actions regarding the ail­ment as well as their evaluation. If an action is changing the course of the ailment to the better we consider it successful. In the case described, the logic of understanding the situation used by the consultant has changed the client’s logic of understanding the situation. The person stopped seeing the problem as something rigid and insurmount­able. The change of the logic didn’t require any special training of the client. It follows that the shift of understanding from the substance logic to the process logic can help to solve practical pediatric problems.
Hybrid Deterministic-Stochastic Rainfall-Flow Model for Projecting Seasonal and Annual Flows in Sub-Basins of the State of Paraná
Authors: Magerski Juliane Macedo , Filho Jorim Sousa das Virgens
Published: January 2023

Estimating and simulating hydroclimatological variables is important for regional water management, since it has the purpose of mitigating socioeconomic and environmental effects. In this context, rainfall-flow models based on seasonal and annual periods can be an important tool for management of regional water resources. The objective of this work was to develop a hybrid deterministic-stochastic rainfall-flow model based on historical hydroclimatological records of the Lower Ivai River and Upper Tibagi River sub-basins, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Monthly fluviometric and pluviometric data of 10 locations were obtained from the Paraná Waters Institute, and converted into seasonal and annual periods. The concept of equivalent flow was applied to develop a regressive model between the observed and estimated accumulated flows. The results were evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk (S-W), Komogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Wilcoxon (WCX), and Brown-Forsythe (B-F) tests at 5% level. Significant differences in homogeneity were found for the estimated data series; thus, statistical procedures were carried out for correcting bias through stochastic simulation. The S-W, K-S, WCX, and B-F tests were carried out again, indicating very good results, as the observed and projected flow distributions, means, and variances were very similar. In addition, a graphical analysis showed that the data of observed and projected flows presented the same trend. Thus, the rainfall-flow model proposed showed a simple applicability, presenting no deformities due to local factors, as the sub-basins are in different climatic regions.
Associations Between the Retinal/Choroidal Microvasculature and Carotid Plaque in Patients with CHD: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , jiang jing , Wang Jin , Wang Yucen , Wang Luoziyi , Qian Yiwen
Published: January 2023

BackgroundTo investigate the associations between retinal/choroidal microvasculature and carotid plaque in patients with CHD assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis study included 127 CHD patients with and 79 without carotid plaque. Each patient had both OCTA taken and digitized to determine retinal/choroidal thickness, vessel density and flow area and carotid ultrasound for carotid plaque size and stability measurement. SCP, DCP, out retina and choriocapillaris vessel density, out retina and choriocapillaris flow area, and full retina thickness were analyzed in the fovea centered 6 × 6 mm area. The association between OCTA measurements and carotid plaque characteristics in patients with CHD were evaluated.ResultsThe duration of hypertension and DM was significantly longer in CHD patients with carotid plaque than that without (p < 0.001). The mean values for vessel density SCP and DCP (except fovea zone), and choriocapillaris nasal zone were significantly lower in plaque group (p < 0.05). Negative correlations between the carotid plaque width and vessel density SCP and DCP (except fovea zone) (p < 0.05) were also found in this study.ConclusionsIn patients with CHD, carotid plaque, a risk factor and marker of atherosclerosis and stenosis, is significantly and independently associated with retinal and choroidal microvascular changes by OCTA.
Fenofibrate enhances radiotherapy efficacy by elevating HDL levels to induce tumor cell ferroptosis in NSCLC with brain metastasis
Authors: Dong Xiaorong , Bin yawen , kuang bohua , Tong Fan , liu lichao , li huanhuan , Rao Xinrui , peng ling , ding peng
Published: January 2023

The brain is a common site of lung cancer metastasis with an extremely poor prognosis. Improving the efficacy of available therapeutics is very important. By analyzing clinical data, we found that HDL and total cholesterol levels in blood are potentially correlated with the efficacy of brain radiotherapy. And we found that fenofibrate can promote the synthesis of HDL by targeting PPARα and lipidomics results demonstrated that fenofibrate could also alter the intracellular lipid composition of tumor cells and increase the ratio of PUFAs/MUFAs, thus increasing the oxidative substrate for ferroptosis. Thereby promotes radiation-induced ferroptosis in tumor cells. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and elisa show that ferroptotic tumor cells further increase the infiltration of CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the secretion of IFN-γ. In vivo experiment also verify that combination of fenofibrate and radiotherapy can enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Thus, the combination of fenofibrate and radiotherapy could provide a new therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves pain and function in subjects with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Liu kun , Zhang Qingyu , Chen Lili , Zhang Haoran , Xu Xiqiang , Yuan Zenong , Dong Jun
Published: January 2023

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been widely used for pain control in musculoskeletal disorders. Whether ESWT can relieve chronic low back pain and improve lumbar function is still controversial. Therefore, we designed a meta-analysis based on relevant studies to comprehensively analyze and determine the efficacy and safety of ESWT for chronic low back pain.
Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies on extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic low back pain from inception to September 2022. The quality of the included literatures was evaluated according to Cochrane systematic review criteria, relevant data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.
Results:12 RCTs involving 632 patients were included to this investigation. In terms of pain relief, ESWT was associated with lower VAS scores in patients receiving ESWT in comparison with controls at 4 weeks (WMD =−1.04; 95% CI =−1.44 to −0.65; P <0.001) and 12 weeks (WMD =−0.85; 95% CI =−1.30 to −0.41; P <0.001). In terms of improvement of dysfunction index, ESWT significantly increased ODI score in comparison with control group at 4 weeks (WMD =−4.22; 95% CI =−7.55 to −0.89; P <0.001) and 12 weeks (WMD =−4.51; 95% CI =−8.58 to −0.44; P = 0.03). For mental health, there was no significant difference in the ESWT group compared with the control group after 4 weeks of intervention (SMD =1.17; 95% CI =−0.10 to 2.45; P = 0.07).
Conclusion: ESWT can relieve pain and improve lumbar dysfunction in patients with chronic low back pain, but has no significant effect on patients' mental health.
Boomerang packet testing to mitigate wormhole attack in MANET
Authors: K Rajkumar , Shalinie S mercy
Published: January 2023

MANET is an infrastructure-less wireless technology used in various critical infrastructure areas such as the military environment, disaster management, etc. MANET is also subject to various security breaches. One such attack is the wormhole attack. Wormhole attackers can unleash a great deal of damage like dropping data packets, manipulating data, disrupting routing, etc. In this paper, we have proposed a novel wormhole mitigation security framework. Our security framework utilizes the attack model to detect an active wormhole attack in MANET. The crux of our framework is that an admin node is chosen from a list of trustable nodes. The admin node periodically relays a boomerang packet across the network. The boomerang packet is the packet destined to return to the admin node itself. Based on the state of the boomerang packet, when it returns admin decides if the packet has been subject to a wormhole attack. If it is subject to a wormhole attack, preventive measures are taken to mitigate the attack. We conducted exhaustive experiments in the NS-3.26 simulator and compared the results with state-of-the-art solutions. Our strategy was able to detect the wormhole nodes at an accuracy of 97%. The packet loss rate was also less when compared to other state-of-the-art solutions during the wormhole attack. This was because of the early and accurate detection of the wormhole attack in MANET.
Co-composted faecal sludge as organic fertilizer to restore crude oil- contaminated soil
Authors: Okoh Elechi , Patrick Indianamowei Olaowei , Yelebe Zekieni Robert , Oruabena Bernard
Published: January 2023

Several developmental challenges, including natural resource depletion, environmental degradation, solid waste management, and the dumping of untreated faecal sludge into the environment, are issues facing developing countries and damaging their economic well-being. Crude oil pollution of arable land and water resources concerns several oil-producing communities whose land is degraded daily by oil spills. Although it contains nutrients and organic matter needed for improved plant growth, Faecalwaste poses a severe environmental concern as it also has pathogens. Co-composting is considered a reasonable, low-cost waste treatment option that can allow the recycling of faecal sludge and other organic wastes from various waste streams with the double advantage of combined sanitation, nutrient recovery, and income generation. This work developed a biostimulant for crude oil-polluted soil remediation using dewatered faecal sludge co-composted with organic kitchen waste. By mixing dewatered faecal sludge with organic kitchen waste using structural material (sawdust) as a bulking agent in a co-composting process, a sanitised compost devoid of enteric pathogens was produced. The composting product's quality was assessed by monitoring the composting system's physicochemical parameters. The reduction in faecal indicators was remarkable using sawdust matrix as a structural material, and T.N., T.P., T.K., and C: N ratios were all significant. These results showed the feasibility of co-composting dewatered faecal sludge with kitchen waste and sawdust as a matrix to generate compost usable in agriculture and crude oil-contaminated soil remediation.
First description of NDM-1 and IMP-1 producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas mendocina
Authors: Fang Jianhua , Yang Jie , Kang Xiuhua , Mei Yanfang , Liu Jing , Xiong Xiaofeng , Xiang， Tianxin
Published: January 2023

Objective: To describe NDM-1 and IMP-1 producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas mendocina.
Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on carbapenemase-producing P.mendocinaclinical isolate. Whole genome sequencing data were analyzed using comparative genomics. The virulence of P. mendocina strain was analyzed by string test, serum killing assay and biofilm formation assay. Conjugation experiment and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine the transferability of plasmid co-producing NDM-1 and IMP-1 genes.
Case presentation: A middle-aged woman's urine culture sample confirmed Pseudomonas Mendoza infection. Piperacillin/tazobactam was discontinued based on the drug susceptibility results. Biapenem in combination with etimicin was used as an anti-infection therapy for a week.
Results: The P. mendocina strain had intrinsic resistance to most clinical antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams,sulfonamides, tetracyclines, aztreonam and fosfomycin. Serum resistance and biofilm array had indicated moderate virulence. The conjugation assay showed that the NDM-1 gene was located on a conjugable plasmid. WGS revealed that the P. mendocina strain had a 5.62832Mb chromosome (62.47% GC content) and a 172.851 Kb plasmid (56.83% GC content). Additionally, it showed that the isolates carried the NDM-1 and IMP-1 resistance genes.
Conclusion: This is the first descriptive study of a P. mendocina strain producing NDM-1 and IMP-1 carbapenemases.The findings of this study suggest that medical staff in clinical and laboratory departments should pay close attention to the isolation, identification, and pathogenecity of the rare bacteria during routine examinations, and immediately adopt infection control measures to prevent its spread.
Hydroxyurea Ulcers of Unusual Location: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mansilla-Polo Miguel , Navarro-Mira Miguel Ángel , Botella-Estrada Rafael
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Hydroxyurea is a cytotoxic drug that has been used for decades for the treatment of various entities, mostly hematological, especially polycythemia vera.
Its side effects are varied, including dermatological ones, ranging from skin xerosis, hyperpigmentation, lesions like dermatomyositis, and even a relationship with premalignant processes (actinic keratosis) and non-melanoma cancer (squamous, basal cell, Merkel, and oral tumors).
Case presentation
In this paper, we report a clinical case of a relatively frequent adverse effect of hydroxyurea, ulcers, but of extraordinary localization and clinical presentation. Specifically, in our patient, the location was both hands, associated dermatomyositis-like lesions and nail hyperpigmentation, skin changes also related to hydroxyurea. The therapeutic response with withdrawal was spectacular.
Conclusions
The association of ulcers with taking hydroxyurea is well known. Most of the time, these appear in the lower limbs, and in patients with chronic vascular pathology. However, in some patients in some patients, it can present atypically. Knowledge of this condition is vitally important for the hematologist and the dermatologist to ensure adequate care.
Sub-national variation in indicators of maternal mortality in Kenya requires targeted interventions to fast-track SDG attainment
Authors: Mwaura Hellen M. , Kamanu Timothy K. , Kulohoma Benard W.
Published: January 2023

Background
One in four deaths among females of reproductive age is maternal or pregnancy related, thereby making maternal mortality a major global health concern. A disproportionate number of these deaths occur in developing countries. In Kenya, maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has declined from 708 to 378 deaths per 100,000 live births between 2000 and 2021. However, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3.1) target is to reduce global MMR to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. Here, we quantify and highlight indicators that contribute to differentiated MMR across different geographic regions in Kenya. We anticipate that this will inform targeted interventions and resource allocation for each specific region and fast-track SDG-3 attainment.
Methods
We leveraged data from the demographic and health survey for Kenya. The correlation in the patterns of the indicators and MMR across the counties and the regions was analyzed and the cumulative contribution by multiple indicators for each county was determined. We then compared the performance of the regions to the national average by calculating the rate ratios.
Results
Our results highlight how variation in socio-demographic characteristics influence maternal mortality rates across Kenya. We observed a high antenatal clinic attendance rate, but on the contrary very low rates of uptake of modern contraceptives. Infectious diseases (Malaria, TB, and HIV) exhibited an overlap in geographic distribution in coastal counties and counties around lakes. There was a significant correlation between prevalence of malaria and HIV (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.59), and a moderate positive correlation between prevalence of HIV and TB (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.41). Gender-based violence during pregnancy was highest in an urban setting (18.1%), and lowest in marginalized rural areas (2.7%). Female genital mutilation had higher rates among those who practice Islam (51.1%), live in rural settings (25.9%), with no education (13%), and in the lowest wealth quintile (6.2%).
Conclusion
These findings suggest a wide spectrum of direct, indirect, cultural and socio-economic factors collectively contributing to elevated MMR. We disaggregate sub-national disparities and highlight that customized interventions for different sub-populations are required to curtail maternal mortality, and accelerate the attainment of the SDG-3.1 target.
Extracting Al2O3 from red mud smelting separation slag based on mineral phase reconstruction
Authors: Li Siwei , Guo Zhengqi , Pan Jian , Zhu Deqing , Dong Tao , Lu Shenghu
Published: January 2023

Recovery of valuable metals from red mud smelting separation slag is important for environmental protection and saving of natural resources. In this paper, we propose a recycling process of red mud smelting separation slag by mineral phase reconstruction conducted under an air atmosphere. In this process, NaOH and Ca(OH)2 roasting of Al2O3 and NaAlSiO4 was performed, and Al2O3 and SiO2 were converted into alkaline-soluble NaAlO2 and Ca2SiO4, respectively. In the consequent steps, more than 80% of Al2O3 was selectively dissolved into a leaching solution using a NaOH solution under 95℃, and the obtained NaAlO2 solution can be used as a source for extracting alumina. Then, a 20 wt.% HCl solution was used to remove SiO2 from the residue, obtaining a SiO2-containing solution and a concentrated residue of undissolved TiO2 and CaO. Finally, this mineral phase reconstruction process can enable a higher metal leaching rate, and this study provides a novel, clean, and sustainable method for recycling valuable metals from red mud smelting separation slag.
Score-based denoising for atomic structure identification
Authors: Hsu Tim , Sadigh Babak , Bertin Nicolas , Park Cheol Woo , Chapman James , Bulatov Vasily , Zhou Fei
Published: January 2023

We propose an accurate method for removing thermal vibrations that complicate the task of analyzing complex dynamics in atomistic simulation of condensed matter. Our method iteratively subtracts thermal noises or perturbations in atomic positions using a denoising score function trained on synthetically noised but otherwise perfect crystal lattices. The resulting denoised structures clearly reveal underlying crystal order while retaining disorder associated with crystal defects. Purely geometric, agnostic to interatomic potentials, and trained without inputs from explicit simulations, our denoiser can be applied to simulation data generated from vastly different interatomic interactions. Followed by a simple phase classification tool such as the Common Neighbor Analysis, the denoiser outperforms other existing methods and reaches perfect classification accuracy on a recently proposed benchmark dataset consisting of perturbed crystal structures (DC3). Demonstrated here in a wide variety of atomistic simulation contexts, the denoiser is general, robust, and readily extendable to delineate order from disorder in structurally and chemically complex materials.
Cox proportional hazard-model application: Time to cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Hollington Marcus
Published: January 2023

Background
There is an increased risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV. While studies have long examined the association between cervical cancer among women with HIV, no study has examined the time taken for women with HIV to undergo cervical cancer screening as well as the hazard thereof in South Africa.
Methods
The study used cross-sectional data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. To allow for longitudinal analysis and to address the issue of right-censoring, the data was reformatted to a person-data file. The selection criteria were limited to women living with HIV (WLHIV) who had also responded to the question on cervical cancer screening. Descriptive statistics were employed to show the levels of HIV among women aged 15 and older in South Africa. Additionally, Kaplan‒Meier curves were employed to investigate the time to CCS by WLHIV in South Africa. Thereafter, an unadjusted Cox hazards regression model was employed to examine the hazard of undergoing CCS among WLHIV. Last, it employed an adjusted model to examine the hazard of CCS among WLHIV while adjusting for other factors.
Results
Nineteen percent (n = 1,159) of the women who participated in the study tested positive for HIV. Herein, it was found that the risk of CCS among WLHIV began at the age of approximately 19 years. Thereafter, the hazard of undergoing CCS among WLHIV began to decrease at 58 years. There was a significant association between CCS and WLHIV. Additionally, several covariates were found to be significantly associated with HIV. These were race, province, area of residence, marriage, educational attainment, employment, alcohol consumption, perceived health perception, and health insurance.
Conclusion
The hazard of CCS was lower among WLHIV compared to WLHIV who did not undergo CCS in South Africa. This puts HIV-positive women at risk of increased morbidity and mortality from potential cervical cancer and HIV comorbidity due to CCS deficits within this group, as they are susceptible to HPV and subsequent cervical cancer due to a compromised immune system. HIV-positive women need to routinely undergo CCS every 12 months from baseline for 3 years. Thereafter, they should undergo CCS once every 3 years to reduce their risk of developing the disease.
WITHDRAWN: RPUGuard: a Building Block for Next-Generation MPSoCs Hypervisors toward Mixed-Criticality Systems
Authors: Ottaviano Daniele , Cinque Marcello , De Tommasi Gianmaria , Dubbioso Sara
Published: January 2023

The spread of cutting-edge virtualization methods for modern embedded architectures like MultiProcessor Systems on Chip (MPSoCs) opens the door to the development of powerful and dependable hypervisors which might help developers to deal with complexity and heterogeneity of modern technologies while maintaining real-time requirements for critical applications. Following the needs of industrial applications, virtualization has been proven to be among the best approaches for the realization of mixed criticality systems embracing the fog computing paradigm while lowering the space, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) of the deployment. However, the virtualization support for important hardware accelerators presents on MPSoCs, such as Real-Time Processing Units (RPUs), used for real-time and/or safety-critical workloads, is still overlooked. In this paper we propose the concept of the Omnivisor a software layer that virtualize an entire MPSoC improving the resource utilization while simplifying the implementation of a mixed criticality system over these heterogeneous boards. We identify the RPU virtualization as a building block for its realization. Therefore, as a major contribution for this paper, we design and implement a component, named RPUGuard, which is able to guarantee isolated communication channels with a fixed bandwidth between virtual machines, running on regular Application Processing Units (APUs), and the RPU on the same MPSoC. We evaluated RPUGuard on the Zynq Ultrascale+ board, in the context of a challenging case study concerning the magnetic control system of the ITER experimental nuclear fusion reactor. Results demonstrate how our solution can mitigate the weaknesses of current asymmetric communication techniques, while providing isolation guarantees to critical communication channels.
Changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen-stimulated CD27 - CD38 + IFN- γ + CD4 + T cells before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Fang Yong , Tang Yuan , Wang Na , Luo Qiao-Xia , Tang Liang , Yang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Jing-Bo , You Xiao-fang , Wang Yu-Chun , Su Bo , Sha Wei
Published: January 2023

Background
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of CD27−CD38+ in IFN-γ+CD4+T cells stimulated by the specific antigen ESAT-6/CFP-10 could be a potential new therapeutic evaluation indicator for anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment.
Methods
Newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients, latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2021. PTB patients were treated by standard anti-TB regimen 2HREZ/4HR. The difference of CD27−CD38+ expression in IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells before treatment, 2 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment were compared.
Results
The expression of CD27−CD38+ decreased significantly after anti-TB treatment and was comparable with that in LTBI and healthy controls when the 6-month anti-TB treatment course was completed. The decline rate of CD27−CD38+ between 6 months after treatment and base line was positively correlated with ESR (r = 0.766, P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (r = 0.560, P = 0.003) and chest CT severity score (r = 0.632, P = 0.0005). The area under ROC curve of CD27−CD38+ in distinguish PTB patients before and after treatment was 0.779.
Conclusion
The expression of CD27−CD38+ in ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated IFN-γ+CD4+T cells can well reflect the changes of the disease before and after anti-TB treatment, which is expected to be a potential new therapeutic evaluation index.
A Review of Sentiment Analysis Approaches for Quality Assurance in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Oghu Emughedi , Ogbuju Emeka , Abiodun Taiwo , Oladipo Francisca
Published: January 2023

The education industry considers quality to be a crucial factor in its development. Yet, the quality of many institutions is far from perfect as there is high rate of systemic failure and low performance among students. Consequently, the application of digital computing plays an increasingly important role in assuring the overall quality of an educational institution. However, literature lacks a reasonable number of systematic review that classifies researches that applied natural language processing and machine learning solutions for students’ feedback in sentiment analysis and quality assurance. Thus, this paper presents a systematic literature review that structure available published papers between 2014 and 2023 in high impact journal indexed databases. The work extracted 59 relevant papers out of the 3392 that was initially found using an exclusion and inclusion criteria. The result identified five (5) prevalent techniques that are majorly researched for sentiment analysis in the area of education as well as the prevalent supervised machine learning algorithms, lexicon-based approaches and evaluation metrics in assessing feedbacks in the education domain.
Peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chaoshan Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Yang Fan , Chen Shirong , Shi Tingkun
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents.
Methods: A prospective, consecutive case series and cross-sectional study was designed. One-hundred-and-twenty subjects with high myopia were recruited and underwent cycloplegic refraction, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the development of peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes.
Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction of the subjects was - 8.74 ± 2.86 D, and the mean age of the subjects was 11.45 ± 3.02 years. The most common peripheral retinal changes were snowflake retinal degeneration (27.5%), white without pressure (27.5%), snail-track degeneration (15.00%), and lattice degeneration (15.00%). The most common posterior changes were optic nerve crescent (78.3%) and posterior staphyloma (11.7%). Subjects with peripheral retinal changes had significantly older age and higher myopia compared with subjects without peripheral retinal changes (12.08 ± 3.08 vs. 10.71±2.79 years, -9.26 ± 3.25 vs. -8.13 ± 2.19 D, respectively, both p < 0.05). The presence of optic nerve crescent was associated with thinner choroidal thickness and a higher degree of refractive error (183.35 ± 62.1 µm vs. 219.69 ± 66.82 µm, -9.00 ± 3.08 vs. -7.81 ± 1.55 D, respectively, both p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A substantial proportion of the subjects were found to have peripheral and posterior retinal changes. There is an increased risk of retinal changes in eyes with a higher degree of myopia, longer axial length, older age, and thinner choroidal thickness in individuals aged 7–16 years.