bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant performance of enhancing licorice with dual inoculating dark septate endophytes and Trichoderma viride mediated via effects on root development
Authors: He Chao , Wang Wenquan , Hou Junling
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to assess whether licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) can benefit from dual inoculation by Trichoderma viride and dark septate endophytes (DSE) isolated from other medicinal plants. We investigated the influences of three DSE (Paraboeremia putaminum, Scytalidium lignicola, and Phoma herbarum) isolated from other medicinal plants on the performance of licorice at different T. viride densities (1×106, 1×107, and 1×108 CFU/mL). Three DSE strains could colonize the roots of licorice, and they established a positive symbiosis with host plants depending on DSE species and T. viride densities. Inoculation of Paraboeremia putaminum increased the root biomass, length, surface area, and root:shoot ratio. Scytalidium lignicola increased the root length, diameter and surface area and decreased the root:shoot ratio. Phoma herbarum increased the root biomass and surface area. T. viride increased the root biomass, length, and surface area. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that DSE associated with T. viride augmented plant biomass and height, shoot branching, and root surface area. Variations in root morphology and biomass were attributed to differences in DSE species and T. viride density among treatments. Paraboeremia putaminum or Phoma herbarum with low- or medium T. viride density and S. lignicola with low- or high T. viride density improved licorice root morphology and biomass. Our findings support the viewpoint that non-host DSE enhanced the root growth of the host plant under different densities T. viride conditions and may also be used to promote the cultivation of medicinal plants.
The model for large-scale violence against children surveys in middle schools in Yixing, China
Authors: Yue Xiao , Ping Lin , Xujun Zhang , Aiming Zheng , Bo Xu , Yang Yaming
Published: February 2020

Background Aim to build the model for large-scale violence against children (VAC) surveys in middle schools to get comprehensive prevalence data for intervention strategies and activities in Yixing as the only area focus on exploring VAC control and prevention in ‘2016-2020 children injury prevention program’ funded by United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Methods Research protocol and model report underwent rigorous ethical review. Survey teams including investigators, psychological consultants and child health development consultant were recruited and trained in field investigation and intervention, consistently executed seven principle. Crisis cases were defined in full compliance with four criterias. Key considerations for appropriate mode was identified through trial and formal surveys to map crisis cases treatment procedures flow chart. Results Standard model for large-scale VAC surveys in Yixing had been established, called ‘Yixing model’, could offer enough psychological protection and guidance for all children in the VAC research. 20863 children participated and occurred different kinds of respondents. 20509 children were general normal and completed their questionnaires. 208 children rejected questionnaries. 3 and 143 crisis cases respectively occurred in field investigation and questionnaries, got intervention according with standard treatment procedures. Discussion ‘Yixing model’ was not only participation of investigators and psychological consultants in field investigation, but also extended psychological guidance and intervention from local psychological teams ultimately developing the sustainable intervention mechanism. ‘Yixing model’ would deserve to promote and replicate in some other related nations or areas.
The VetMAXTM M. tuberculosis Complex PCR Kit detects MTBC DNA in antemortem and postmortem samples from white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)
Authors: Goosen Wynand Johan , Kerr Tanya Jane , Kleynhans Léanie , Buss Peter , Cooper David , Warren Robin Mark , Helden Paul D van , Schröder Björn , Parsons Sven David Charles , Miller Michele Ann
Published: February 2020

Background: Bovine tuberculosis and tuberculosis are chronic infectious diseases caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis have significant implications for wildlife species management, public health, veterinary disease control, and conservation endeavours.Results: Here we describe the first use of the VetMAXTM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection kit for wildlife samples. DNA was extracted from tissues harvested from 48 African buffaloes and MTBC DNA was detected (test-positive) in all 26 M. bovis culture-confirmed animals with an additional 12 PCR-positive results in culture-negative buffaloes (originating from an exposed population). Of six MTBC-infected African rhinoceros tested, MTBC DNA was detected in antemortem and postmortem samples from five animals. The PCR was also able to detect MTBC DNA in samples from two African elephants confirmed to have M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections (one each). Culture-confirmed uninfected rhinoceros and elephants’ samples tested negative in the PCR assay.Conclusions: These results suggest this new detection kit is a sensitive screening test for the detection of MTBC-infected African buffaloes, African elephants and white rhinoceros.
Detection of p53 mutation and serum monitoring alert caused by Marek's disease virus
Authors: Zhang Huixia , Liu Mengda , Zhang Hui , Cao Shengliang , Li Yue , Jiang Shengnan , Song Yinuo , Liu Sidang
Published: February 2020

Background Marek’s disease (MD), as a chicken neoplastic disease, brings huge economic losses to the global poultry industry. The tumor suppressor gene, wild type P53 plays a key role in blocking cell cycle, promoting apoptosis and maintaining stability of genome. The p53 function could change to that of an oncogene from a tumor inhibitory role, if a mutation happened. It will increase risk of cancer incidence. Results It was found that the mutation rate of p53 was 60 percent in experimentally infected and naturally infected chickens. The mutations included point-mutation and deletions, and mostly located in the DNA-binding domain. The most common point mutation happened in five sites, which were 651, 786, 828, 864 and 879 respectively. The mutated P53 can be expressed in tumors of various tissues in an infected chicken because of the lengthening of the half-life of mutated P53. Due to the loss of nuclear localization function, most of mutated P53 were expressed in cytoplasm. The concentration of P53 was decrease in serum of MD infected chicken. Conclusions Results of the current study suggested that p53 mutations with different types were common in MD, and most of mutated P53 were expressed in cytoplasm. Detecting the concertation of P53 and P53 antibody in serum could be helpful for diagnosis and monitor of MD.
The ProBio Trial: Molecular Biomarkers for Advancing Personalized Treatment Decision in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Crippa Alessio , De Laere Bram , Discacciati Andrea , Larsson Berit , Connor Jason T. , Gabriel Erin E , Thellenberg Camilla , Jänes Elin , Enblad Gunilla , Ullen Anders , Hjälm-Eriksson Marie , Oldenburg Jan , Ost Piet , Lindberg Johan , Eklund Martin , Grönberg Henrik
Published: February 2020

Background: Multiple therapies exist for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, their improvement on progression free survival (PFS) remains modest, potentially explained by tumour molecular heterogeneity. Several prognostic molecular biomarkers have been identified for mCRPC that may have predictive potential to guide treatment decision and prolong PFS. We designed a platform trial to test this hypothesis.Methods: The Prostate-Biomarker (ProBio) study is a multi-center, outcome-adaptive, multi-arm, biomarker-driven platform trial for tailoring treatment decisions for men with mCRPC. Treatment decisions in the experimental arms are based on biomarker signatures defined as mutations in certain genes/pathways suggested in the scientific literature to be important for treatment response in mCRPC. The biomarker signatures are determined by targeted sequencing of circulating tumor and germline DNA using a panel specifically designed for mCRPC.Discussion: Patients are stratified based on the sequencing results and randomized to either current clinical practice (control), where the treating physician decides treatment, or to molecularly driven treatment selection based on the biomarker profile. Outcome-adaptive randomization is implemented to early identify promising treatments for a biomarker signature. Biomarker signature-treatment combinations graduate from the platform when they demonstrate 85% probability of improving PFS compared to the control arm. Graduated combinations are further evaluated in a seamless confirmatory trial with fixed randomization. The platform design allows for new drugs and biomarkers to be introduced in the study.Conclusions: The ProBio design allows promising treatment-biomarker combinations to quickly graduate from the platform and be confirmed for rapid implementation in clinical care.
User scheduling for multicast transmission in High Throughput Satellite systems
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Jia Min , Wei Yuming , Guo Qing
Published: February 2020

Adopting full frequency reuse in High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems is expected to cope with huge communication demands and large user populations. Moreover, a kind of multicast transmission, which embeds the data of several users in each frame, can be employed to increase the efficiency of HTS systems. Multicast precoding is usually utilized in such systems to mitigate the co-frequency interference between beams and improve the efficiency of transmission. In this context, considering that the number of users may exceed the number of available communication resources in the system, we investigate user scheduling for the multicast transmission in HTS systems with full frequency reuse and multicast precoding. We perform user scheduling according to the user channel state information and decouple the scheduling problem into two phases: intra-beam and inter-beam scheduling. Intra-beam scheduling determines the users involved in the transmission of each frame with the purpose of reducing the influence of the multicast fashion. For intra-beam scheduling, we put forth a fixed-size user grouping algorithm. In contrast to previous studies, this algorithm takes the interference among beams into consideration during the scheduling. In inter-beam scheduling, user groups belonging to different beams are scheduled to improve the performance of the multiplexed transmission. An inter-beam scheduling algorithm is proposed to improve the fairness among users. The simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed algorithms in terms of fairness and spectral efficiency.
kGCN: A graph-based deep learning framework for chemical structures
Authors: Kojima Ryosuke , Ishida Shoichi , Ohta Masateru , Iwata Hiroaki , Honma Teruki , Okuno Yasushi
Published: February 2020

Deep learning is developing as an important technology to perform various tasks in cheminformatics. In particular, graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) have been reported to perform well in many types of prediction tasks related to molecules. Although GCN exhibits considerable potential in various applications, appropriate utilization of this resource for obtaining reasonable and reliable prediction results requires thorough understanding of GCN and programming. To leverage the power of GCN to benefit various users from chemists to cheminformaticians, an open-source GCN tool, kGCN, is introduced. To support the users with various levels of programming skills, kGCN includes three interfaces: a graphical user interface (GUI) employing KNIME for users with limited programming skills such as chemists, as well as command-line and Python library interfaces for users with advanced programming skills such as cheminformaticians. To support the three steps required for building a prediction model, i.e., pre-processing, model tuning, and interpretation of results, kGCN includes functions of typical pre-processing, Bayesian optimization for automatic model tuning, and visualization of the atomic contribution to prediction for interpretation of results. kGCN supports three types of approaches, single-task, multi-task, and multi-modal predictions. The prediction of compound-protein interaction for four matrixmetalloproteases, MMP-3, -9, -12 and -13, in the inhibition assays is performed as a representative case study using kGCN. Additionally, kGCN provides the visualization of atomic contributions to the prediction. Such visualization is useful for the validation of the prediction models and the design of molecules based on the prediction model, realizing “explainable AI” for understanding the factors affecting AI prediction. kGCN is available at https://github.com/clinfo/kGCN.
Novel quantum molecular resonance energy source for laparoscopic bipolar vessel sealer: An experimental study in animal model
Authors: Yu Jiwoong , Im Jungeun , Kwon Soonyoung , Kim Jongchan , Kim Sungmin , Kim Jung Hyun , Jeong Byong Chang
Published: February 2020

Background: The majority of conventional bipolar energy-based vessel sealing devices utilize energy at frequencies between 300 kHz and 500 kHz. The use of such frequencies has the disadvantages including unintended damage to surrounding tissues and excessive surgical smoke production. Here, we developed an bipolar energy source using Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) energy of 4–64 MHz and combined this into a laparoscopic vessel sealer. We investigate the microscopic tissue effect and surgeon's experiences of laparoscopic bipolar vessel sealer using a novel QMR energy source through animal experiments. Results: In an open surgical setting, QMR energy sources showed higher sealing success rates (100% vs. 66.7%) and higher burst pressure (963 mmHg vs. 802mmHg) of the sealed vessels compared to LigaSure™. Histological analysis showed less vessel wall injury in the QMR energy source (55.0% vs. 73.9%). In the laparoscopic setting experiments, compared to LigaSure™, QMR energy sources showed statistically significantly less smoke formation (p = 0.014), less tissue carbonization (p = 0.013), and less stickiness (p = 0.044) during sealing tissues. Conclusions: Novel QMR energy source for laparoscopic bipolar vessel sealer could produce better sealing performance and less surrounding tissue damage compared to the conventional devices. Laparoscopic surgery using QMR energy sources showed better surgeon's experiences in terms of surgical smoke formation, tissue carbonization, and stickiness.
Anatomy of Phase Transitions in Economic Systems: Enterprise, Region, Macroeconomics
Authors: Melnyk Leonid Hr.
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the content of such categories as “phase”, “phase transition”, and “phase barrier”. Phase is understood as a homogeneous part of a heterogeneous system, separated from other parts by an interface. Phase transition means an intermittent change in a system’s properties with a continuous change in environmental factors. Phase barrier means the complex prerequisites needed for a system’s implementation of phase transition. The research investigates the trialectic mechanism for the implementation of phase transition through changes in the three groups of interrelated and interdependent system-forming factors: material (including energy), information and synergetic. The formation of the needed prerequisites, i.e. relevant system’s parameters in all three groups of factors, is a necessary condition for phase transition. The article distinguishes prerequisites for phase transition to the post-industrial formation. These are the following: the creation of alternative energy with mass energy storage, the formation of a new production basis based on additive technology and 3D printers, the creation of the universal (“digital”) basis for the use of information, the formation of a “cloud” as a global memory system, the use of artificial intelligence and “smart” cyber-physical systems, the total network integration of systems on the basis of Internet, the formation of horizontal production-consumer structures, etc. The article reveals phase transition features in economic systems and analyzes the role of man in their development and transformation. The article examines the evolution of the triad of the essential origins of man (bio-labor-socio) during epochal phase transitions in the history of civilization. The research shows examples of the implementation of phase transitions in the history of economic systems. It distinguishes the catalytic role of natural factors in PT and presents the facts that characterize the course of the current phase transition.
Key words: phase, phase transition, phase barrier, economic system, external environment, economic relations.
The Water Management Mechanism Improvement in the Zone of Risked Land Use
Authors: Ryzhova Katerina I. , Mandzyk Valerii N. , Holybkov Andriy I.
Published: February 2020

The peculiarities of forming an effective water management system in the area of risk agricultural land use are considered. The main tendencies of capital investments financing and current expenses for protection and rehabilitation of soil, underground and surface waters are analyzed. In addition, as the analysis shows, low investment attractiveness, especially in the melioration zone, does not contribute to the flow not only of foreign but also of domestic capital, which multiplier influences the slowdown in the rates of socio-economic functioning of settlements located in areas of melioration land concentration. It has been shown that best practices prove that investing in the functioning of land melioration is a major factor in improving the efficiency of agrarian production. That is why it has been recognized as one of the priority directions of the stable functioning of agrarian production. The developed countries use quite different forms of investment activities, and in the process of regulation of investment activity such countries use various measures that form favorable conditions for attracting both domestic and foreign capital. It is shown that the formation of effective management system is impossible without institutionalization of a wide spectrum of forms of partnership relations between different objects of functioning. The prospects for increasing the amount of land melioration financing are associated with the spread of cooperation processes between the state and the water users association regarding the operation of land melioration systems with the ability to combine budget financing with investments of private business entities, both domestic and foreign. The prospects of foreign experience regarding the investing in the functioning of agricultural land melioration are analyzed. The agricultural land melioration is the most important factor in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Ukraine. It is shown that the reforming of irrigation systems management should be carried out on the basis of decentralization with the transfer of water management and water operating functions to water users on the basis of their association.
Key words: association of water users, water resources, irrigated agriculture, investment, integrated management.
Innovative Development of Ukraine: Strategies, Models, Mechanisms
Authors: Ivanova Olena M. , Ivanova Valentina V.
Published: February 2020

The relationship between innovation activity and competitiveness is considered in the article. The stronger the competition, the more active the business entities develop and implement them, providing an innovative basis for their own strong competitive position and competitiveness of Ukraine. So, in fact, in Ukraine, there is a “gap” between the possibilities for generating innovations and the conditions for their generation and implementation. The possibility and necessity of the innovative development of Ukraine based on the use of a sufficiently powerful innovative potential and other factors contributing to the innovative development of the economy are substantiated. This requires the state to create conditions for protecting competition, defining a system of strategies and developing a strategic plan for its implementation. A set-theoretic model of the strategy system and a model of the mechanism for implementing the general strategy of economic management – the strategy of innovative development are proposed. To implement the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine, it is offered to develop intellectual-oriented entrepreneurship as an innovative strategy. The implementation of the chosen innovation strategy should be carried out in two strategic areas: increasing human capital and activation the formation of human potential, the creation of conditions for the implementation of intellectual-oriented entrepreneurship. It was proposed to include in the strategy system a number of key functional strategies that are consistent with the overall strategy and ensure its implementation: educational – development of intellectual abilities and competencies, structural-sectoral – priority development of high-tech and non-material-intensive industries and active use of knowledge potential for the modernization of all sectors of the economy, organizational and structural – the formation of a cluster model of the economy. Ukraine needs an information strategy for information support of innovative economic development and a mechanism for its implementation.

Key words: innovation, innovative development, strategy, model, competition, Intellectual-oriented entrepreneurship, cluster.
Phase Transition: Comprehending the Deep Meaning of the Phenomenon
Authors: Melnyk Leonid Hr.
Published: February 2020

A reader will meet two essays, which can be conventionally called the fairy stories: “Phase transition” and “Fifth dimension”. In the first essay, the reader will get acquainted with the essence of phase transitions, which mean a jump-like change in the state of a system. The paper considers the role of phase transitions in the development of nature and social systems. The reader will also be able to view the contours of the modern phase transition to the new socio-economic formation that takes place during the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions. In particular: new things should appear, new types of alternative energy; new technologies (based on the use of 3D printers); fully automated production (“Internet of things”, “smart networks”); new communications (modes of transport and communication); unmanned transport; new economic relations (solidary economy); new needs of people (use of information for personality for development of people); a new reality of global management of human civilization (based on the “cloud” as a planetary system of memory); a new style of life, aimed at the personality development of man. The second essay – “Fifth Dimension” – depicts a figurative picture of forming the prerequisites for phase transitions in society. They are formed by the accumulation of unresolved problems that cannot be solved by society at the existing level of socio-economic development. This is precisely what the inevitable process of the phase transition to a new formation makes. The essay also reveals the role of social prediction as the basis of justified strategic management of social development. This ensures sustainable state of the socio-natural system, leaving sufficient opportunities for future generations to meet their social and economic needs. The paper shows the significance of such reality as the “cloud”, which at the moment serves as a global system of memory, is evolving in the direction of transformation into a planetary center of decision-making – a kind of meta-intelligence.
Key words: phase transition, socio-economic formation, social development, transformation, “cloud”.
The Association between Metformin and Survival of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 7 Retrospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Yongbo , Fu Tao , Liu Yu , Yang Guifang , Yu Chuanhua , Zhang Zhi-Jiang
Published: February 2020

Background:

Metformin has been associated with improved survival outcomes in various malignancies.
However, observational studies in head and neck cancer are inconsistent.

Objective:

The study aimed to summarize and quantify the relationship between metformin use and the survival
of head and neck cancer.

Methods:

A meta-analysis based on cohort studies was systematically conducted (published up to Jan 18, 2020),
identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases.
Summary hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results:

Seven retrospective cohort studies including 3,285 head and neck cancer patients were included. The
association between the use of metformin and cancer survival was not statistically significant: summarized HR of
0.89 (95% CI 0.66-1.18, P=0.413, I2=64.0%) for overall survival, summarized HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.31-1.35,
P=0.246, I2=60.3%) for disease-free survival, and summarized HR of 0.69 (95% CI 0.40-1.20, P=0.191,
I2=73.1%) for disease-specific survival.

Conclusion:

In this meta-analysis of 7 retrospective cohort studies, there was not a statistically significant association
between the use of metformin and better survival for head and neck cancer. However, the analysis may
have been underpowered. More studies of prospective designs with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate
the effect of metformin on the survival of head and neck cancer.
Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease and Glaucoma: Present and Future Challenges
Authors: López Elena S. , Machado Ana L.L. , Vidal Lorena B. , González-Pizarro Roberto , Silva Amelia D. , Souto Eliana B.
Published: February 2020

Glaucoma constitutes the second cause of blindness worldwide and it is considered a neurodegenerative
disorder. In this sense, Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common type of dementia, also causes neurodegeneration.
The association between both diseases remains unknown although it has been hypothesised that a
possible connection might exist and it will be analysed throughout the review. In this sense, nanoparticulate systems
and specially, lipid nanoparticles could be the key for effective neuroprotection. Lipid nanoparticles are the
most recent type of drug nanoparticulate systems. These nanoparticles have shown great potential to encapsulate
hydrophobic drugs increasing their bioavailability and being able to deliver them to the target tissue. In addition,
they have shown great potential for ocular drug delivery. This review explores the most recent strategies employing
lipid nanoparticles for AD and glaucoma.
Expression Levels of A Disintegrin-like Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-4 and -5 (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) in Inflamed and Healthy Gingival Tissues
Authors: Tayman Mahmure A. , Koyuncu İsmail , Köklü Nimet Ö.
Published: February 2020

Background:

ADAMTS (A disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) is a group of 19 zinc-dependent metalloproteases known to function in many pathological and physiological processes, such as adhesion, cell fusion, signaling, proteolysis and ECM degradation.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the levels of ADAMTS-4 and -5 in gingival tissues with Stage III-Grade B generalized periodontitis (SIII-GB), Stage III-Grade C generalized periodontitis (SIII-GC) and healthy-control (C) groups.

Methods:

The clinical measurements were recorded for each patient. A total of 63 gingival biopsy specimens were obtained from the C (n:20), SIII-GB (n:23) and SIII-GC (n:20) groups. Polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations were used to determine gene and protein levels.

Results:

According to the results of all methods, ADAMTS-4 and -5 expressions existed in periodontitis and C groups (P> 0.05). Immunostaining for ADAMTS-4 was found to be higher in patients with periodontitis than for ADAMTS-5 (P>0.05). Gene expression levels for ADAMTS-4 and -5 seemed to be up-regulated in subjects diagnosed with periodontitis, but the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). A positive correlation was observed between PPD and ADAMTS-4 mRNA in SIII-GC (p=0.035) and SIII-GB (p=0.015). A positive correlation was determined between ADAMTS-4 mRNA and ADAMTS-5 mRNA in SIII-GC (p=0.037) and SIII-GB (p=0.00).

Conclusion:

ADAMTS expression may take part in both pathological and physiological processes in the periodontal tissues, and periodontal destruction may be the result of a complex interaction of several pathways with many participants, such as ADAMTS-4 and -5, thus facilitating the exaggeration of periodontal disease.
Clinical Impact of Co-medication of Levetiracetam and Clobazam with Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Drug Interaction Study
Authors: Pasupuleti Bhuvanachandra , Gone Vamshikrishna , Baddam Ravali , Venisetty Raj Kumar , Prasad Om Prakash
Published: February 2020

Background:

Clobazam (CLBZ) metabolized primarily by Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 than
with CYP2C19, Whereas Levetiracetam (LEV) is metabolized by hydrolysis of the acetamide group. Few CYP enzymes
are inhibited by Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole, and Rabeprazole in different
extents that could affect drug concentrations in blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these
PPIs on the plasma concentrations of LEV and CLBZ.

Methods:

Blood samples from 542 patients were included out of which 343 were male and 199 were female patients
and were categorized as control and test. Plasma samples analyzed using an HPLC-UV method. Plasma concentrations
were measured and compared to those treated and those not treated with PPIs. One way ANOVA and games
Howell post hoc test used by SPSS 20 software.

Results:

CLBZ concentrations were significantly 10 folds higher in patients treated with Pantoprazole (P=0.000) and
07 folds higher in patients treated with Esmoprazole and Rabeprazole (P=0.00). Whereas plasma concentration of
LEV control group has no statistical and significant difference when compared to pantoprazole (P=0.546) and with
rabeprazole and esomeprazole was P=0.999.

Conclusion:

The effect of comedication with PPIs on the plasma concentration of clobazam is more pronounced for
pantoprazole to a greater extent when compared to esomeprazole and rabeprazole. When pantoprazole is used in
combination with clobazam, dose reduction of clobazam should be considered, or significance of PPIs is seen to
avoid adverse effects.
Nanobulges: A Duplex Nanosystem for Multidimensional Applications
Authors: Shende Pravin , Mondal Adrita
Published: February 2020

Background:

Nanoparticulate systems like nanospheres, nanocrystals, and nanofluids show immense advancement in the fields of nanoelectronic and agriculture. Nanobulges are duplexed nanoparticles comprising the interaction of two nanoparticles for the formation of a curved bulge on the surface of the nanoparticle.

Objective:

This review focuses on properties, mechanism of action, methods of preparation and applications of nanobulges in optoelectronic devices and controlled release of fertilizers.

Methods:

Mostly pulsed laser deposition and multilayered palladium-catalysts fabrication with nanobulges structure are used to prepare nanobulges.

Results:

Nanobulges are advantageous over the conventional nanoparticles due to their high electrical density, improved catalytic drug loading and good electronic conductivity.

Conclusion:

In the near future, nanobulges will emerge as a promising material for commercial preparation of bioanalytical sensors and microfluidic systems.
BLENDED LEARNING: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOLOGY BASED E-LEARNING ON MATHEMATIC COMMUNICATION ABILITY
Authors: Setiyani Setiyani
Published: February 2020

BLENDED LEARNING: KEEFEKTIFAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS SCHOOLOGY TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATISAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas e-learning berbasis schoology terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMP pada materi Sistem Persaman Linier Dua Variabel (SPLDV). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII salah satu SMP di Kota Cirebon. Sampel terdiri atas kelas VIII-B2 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan schoology dan VIII-C2 sebagai kelas kontrol tanpa menggunakan schoology. Adapun proses pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan angket respons. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji-t, dan uji gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan schoology lebih baik daripada tanpa menggunakan schoology. Hasil rata-rata N-gain yang diperoleh sebesar 0,68 dan berada pada kategori peningkatan sedang. Siswa memiliki respons positif terhadap pembelajaran menggunakan schoology. Melalui aplikasi schoology, siswa belajar secara berkelanjutan tanpa terbatas oleh ruang kelas dan efektif digunakan sebagai media dalam pembelajaran.AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of schoology based e-learning on the mathematical communication ability of junior high school students on the Linier Equation System of Two Variables (LESTV). The population in this study were all students of class VIII junior high school in Cirebon. The sample consisted of two classes, VIII-B2 as an experimental class applying schoology and VIII-C2 as a control class without using schoology. The sampling process used purposive sampling technique. This type of research used was a quasi-experimental design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The data collection techniques were carried out by tests of mathematical communication skills and response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using normality test, homogeneity test, t-test, and gain test. The results show that the students of experimental class that use schoology have higher ability than the students of the control class. The average N-gain obtained is 0.68 and as moderate category. The students have a positive response to learning using schoology. Through the schoology application, students allow to learn continuously without being limited by the classroom and effectively used as a medium in learning.
PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN PARTISIPATIF DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Anomsari Endah Tri , Abubakar Rodlial Ramdhan Tackbir
Published: February 2020

Since the Washington Consensus in the 1990s, participation has become a mainstream issue in development policy, including in Indonesia post-Political Reformation in 1998. The involvement of the community in development policy achieves moral and intellectual support so that not only national, the local-level policy also uses participatory approach as it is considered to be effective in empowering people. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this study is an analysis on how participation in the Development Innovation and Regional Empowerment Program (PIPPK) brings impacts to empowerment of Bandung communities. According to data gathered in Bandung, participation cannot bring empowerment instantly. PIPPK has encouraged empowerment in terms of capability expansion, but it has not brought changes in opportunity structure. There are two main factors which leads to the results, those are: (1) that empowerment is complex, multidimensional, and continuous so that it is challenging to explore to what extent empowerment has progressed and (2) that the participation of people in PIPPK is restricted to the program implementation and not yet reflect the citizen power.Keyword: development, empowerment, community participation, participatory approach
THE APPLICATION OF BIORATIONAL PESTICIDES ON PADDY STEM BORER AND BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT
Authors: Suryadi Yadi -
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of pheromone traps for controlling yellow paddy stem borer (Scabpophaga. Incertulas) insects and testing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents consisting of a mixture of endophytic bacterial cultures (Bacillus firmus E65 and Burkholderia sp E76) and insect pathogens (Serratia marcescens, SKM) based on kaolin bioformulation to control HDB disease. Tests were carried out on the conditions of farmers’ organic land in Cianjur, West Java by installing pheromones to catch male insects in the experimental plots, and applying kaolin-based biopesticide formulations (2.5 g / L). The results show that the application of pheromone traps by using 100 traps in an area of 10 ha, caused the population of male insects to be caught to decrease by less than 40 moths per month. It also effects stem borers to decrease into zero infestations, while stem borer infestation in plots that are not applied to pheromones show <10% infestation. The effect of bioformulation on non-Sintanur cultivars on other minor pests also decrease compared to controls (cv. Sintanur). Kaolin-based bioformulation shows a decrease in bacterial leaf blight of about 84.7% compared to untreated (without bioformulation) plots.APLIKASI PESTISIDA BIORASIONAL TERHADAP PENGGEREK BATANG DAN HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI PADIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efektivitas perangkap feromon untuk mengendalikan serangga penggerek batang padi kuning (PBPK) (Scirpophaga. incertulas) dan menguji efektifitas agen biokontrol yang terdiri atas campuran kultur bakteri endofitik (Bacillus firmus E65 and Burkholderia sp E76) dan patogen serangga (Serratia marcescens, SKM) berbasis bioformulasi kaolin untuk mengendalikan penyakit HDB. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi lahan organik petani di Cianjur Jawa Barat dengan cara memasang feromon untuk menangkap serangga jantan pada petak percobaan, dan melakukan aplikasi formulasi biopestisida berbasis kaolin (2,5 g/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi perangkap feromon dengan mengguna-kan 100 perangkap pada area seluas 10 Ha, menyebabkan populasi serangga jantan yang tertangkap menurun kurang dari 40 ngengat per bulan, dan serangan hama penggerek batang juga menurun menjadi nol infestasi, sementara serangan hama penggerek batang pada petak yang tidak diaplikasi feromon menunjukkan <10% infestasi. Pengaruh bioformulasi pada kultivar non-Sintanur terhadap hama minor lainnya juga menurun dibandingkan dengan kontrol (cv. Sintanur). Bioformulasi berbasis kaolin menunjukkan penurunan penyakit hawar daun bakteri sekitar 84,7% dibandingkan dengan petak tanpa perlakuan (tanpa bioformulasi).
EFFECT OF INOCULANT AND RAMIE COMPOST ON EFFICIENCY DEGRADATION HIDROCARBON, POPULATION TOTAL FUNGI AND RAMIE
Authors: Yuhanidz Yuhanidz , Suryatmana Pudjawati , Fitriatin Betty Natalie
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed at determining the effect of ramie, ramie compost and types of inoculants on the efficiency of hydrocarbon degradation, total fungi population, and ramie height. The study was conducted using factorial RAK with 2 factors. The calculation of the total population of Aspergillus niger was done using the total plate count (TPC) method, while the measurement of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) levels used the gravimetric method. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java with an altitude of 822 meters above sea level. Soil analysis was carried out at the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Laboratory and the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The experiment was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018. The results of the study do not show an interaction between inoculants and ramie compost on the efficiency of degradation, total fungi population and ramie height in the phytoremediation process of petroleum waste. The results also showed that there was no best type of inoculant and ramie compost dose for degradation efficiency, total fungi population and ramie height in phytoremediation of petroleum waste.PENGARUH INOKULAN DAN KOMPOS RAMI TERHADAP EFISIENSI DEGRADASI HIDROKARBON, POPULASI TOTAL FUNGI DAN TINGGI RAMI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rami, kompos rami, dan jenis inokulan terhadap efisiensi degradasi hidrokarbon, populasi total fungi dan tinggi tanaman rami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan 2 Faktor. Perhitungan populasi total Aspergillus niger dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode total plate count (TPC), sedangkan pengukuran kadar total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) menggunakan metode gravimetri. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian 822 mdpl. Analisis tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman dan Laboratorium Biologi Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2017 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2018. Hasil penelitian tidak menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara inokulan dan kompos rami terhadap efisiensi degradasi, populasi total fungi dan tinggi tanaman rami pada proses fitoremediasi limbah minyak bumi, serta tidak diperoleh jenis inokulan dan dosis kompos rami terbaik terhadap efisiensi degradasi, populasi total fungi, dan tinggi tanaman rami pada fitoremediasi limbah minyak bumi.
RESPONSE OF TURMERIC SHOOT EXPLANT AFTER CYTOKININ WITH IN VITRO
Authors: Nurullia Marhan , Suminar Erni Suminar , Nurani Anne
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed at determining the response of turmeric shoot explants after the provision of various types and concentrations of cytokinins in vitro. This experiment was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from January to April 2018. The data were analyzed using T-Test. The experimental method used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Explant planting was carried out in Laminar Air Flow. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments consisting of 4 replications and each test consisted of 4 units. Observation of this experiment was carried out for 12 MST. The main observations were made on the data that were tested statistically namely the percentage of explant growing shoots, percentage of explant growing roots, shoot height, number of tuns, number of roots and root length. The treatments consisted of Control, 2.5 mg L-1 BAP, 5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ, 1 mg L-1 TDZ, 0.01 mg L-1 Zeatin and 0.1 mg L Zeatin -1. The results show that the treatment of 1 mg L-1 TDZ shows the best response to the growth of turmeric explants by increasing the number of turmeric shoot explants than the others.RESPONS EKSPLAN TUNAS KUNYIT SETELAH SITOKININ SECARA IN VITROTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat respons eksplan tunas kunyit terhadap pemberian berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin secara in vitro. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Hasil percobaan dianalisis dengan Sample T-Test. Metode percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penanaman eksplan dilakukan di dalam Laminar Air Flow. Percobaan terdiri dari 7 perlakuan sebanyak 4 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 4 unit. Pengamatan percobaan ini dilakukan selama 12 MST. Pengamatan utama dilakukan terhadap data-data yang diuji secara statistik yakni persentase eksplan tumbuh tunas, persentse eksplan tumbuh akar, tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, jumlah akar dan panjang akar. Perlakuan terdiri dari Kontrol; 2,5 mg L-1 BAP; 5 mg L-1 BAP; 0,5 mg L-1 TDZ; 1 mg L-1 TDZ; 0,01 mg L-1 Zeatin; dan 0,1 mg L-1 Zeatin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 1 mg L-1 TDZ menunjukkan respons yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan kunyit dengan meningkatkan jumlah tunas eksplan tanaman kunyit daripada yang lainnya.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PHENOMENA ON THE SUCCESSIVE DROPLETS IMPACTING HOT COPPER SURFAC
Authors: Widyatama Arif , Majid Akmal Irfan , Wibowo Teguh , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Kamal Samsul
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the phenomena and interactions between water droplets and hot metal surfaces using an experimental method. In this study, the droplet was dropped from 50 mm from the top of the metal surface with a frequency of 8.5 droplets per second. The observed droplet diameter was 3.12 mm. The metal used was copper with a surface temperature between 110-240 ° C. High speed video camera with a speed of 2000 fps was used to record visual data. Then the image processing technique was applied to calculate the change in droplet diameter. The results show that at low temperatures, droplets tend to maintain their initial position of contact with fluctuating deformations. While at high temperatures, a bounce phenomenon occurs which results in collisions between droplets being imperfect. Visualization results can reveal the complete change in the droplet geometry in the form of spreading ratio and complete apex height. The temperature of 140° C is the initial transition area for phenomena that result in droplets has no contact with hot surfaces so that the process of heat transfer between surfaces is inhibited.STUDI EKSPERIMEN PADA FENOMENA SUCCESSIVE DROPLETS MENUMBUK PERMUKAAN TEMBAGA PANASPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari fenomena dan interaksi antara tetesan air (droplet) dan permukaan logam panas dengan metode eksperimental. Pada penelitian ini, droplet dijatuhkan dari posisi 50 mm dari atas permukaan logam dengan frekuensi 8,5 droplet per detik. Diameter droplet yang diamati sebesar 3,12 mm. Logam yang digunakan adalah tembaga dengan temperatur permukaan di antara 110-240° C. High speed video camera dengan kecepatan 2000 fps digunakan untuk merekam data visual. Teknik image processing diaplikasikan untuk menghitung perubahan diameter droplet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pada temperatur rendah, droplet cenderung mempertahankan posisi awal kontak dengan perubahan bentuk yang fluktuatif. Kedua, temperatur tinggi, terjadi fenomena bouncing yang mengakibatkan tumbukan antar droplet menjadi tidak sempurna. Hasil visualisasi dapat mengungkap perubahan geometri droplet berupa spreading ratio dan apex height secara lengkap. Dari penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa temperatur 140°C menjadi daerah transisi awal terjadinya fenomena yang mengakibatkan droplet tidak bersinggungan dengan permukaan panas sehingga proses perpindahan kalor antar permukaan terhambat.