bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az igazságosság mint indok a Kúria 21. századi magánjogi gyakorlatában
Authors: Benke József
Published: May 2024

After a brief overview of the ancient and medieval history of the notion of justice in philosophy, and some anthropological remarks, the paper examines the precedent decisions of the supreme judicial forum of Hungary (Kúria) delivered over the past 10 years in the field of private law with respect to whether the legal reasoning of the judgments contain a manifest reference to the notions of “just” or “justice”. As a result of this research, we find that the judgments, without any further reference, and apart from the modern notions of substantive and procedural justice, are based mainly on the concepts of corrective (rectificatory) justice and on that of distributive justice as well, as if by instinct following the teachings of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas.
Adóreform és központi árszabályozás a 3. század gazdasági krízisében
Authors: Jusztinger János
Published: May 2024

The absolute monarchy established by Emperor Diocletian (284–305) naturally meant centralization in financial administration as well. Diocletian's fiscal reforms – which fit into these reorganizations – primarily served to consolidate the empire's economic power in a period of extreme crisis. Among the monarch’s several financial measures – in addition to the creation of a state monopoly on coinage – the tax reform of 301 can be considered the most determinative. In the same year, the emperor's provisions were supplemented by a special institution which clearly has a ‘crisis law character’ within the framework of free-market economy. The price maximization decree of Diocletian (Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium) was created specifically to solve or at least mitigate the economic crisis of the third century. While in previous centuries the value of Roman money was relatively constant, the main sign of the financial crisis of the time was precisely inflation. The aim of the study is to present the two most important elements of this comprehensive reform concept.
The Grip
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike
Published: May 2024

In the realm of resistance training, the significance of grip technique is often understated yet crucial for performance enhancement and injury prevention. This Inside the Box provides a comprehensive analysis of grip methods, focusing on the mechanics and applications of closed and open grips. It details the variations of the closed grip—pronated, supinated, and mixed—and their specific muscular engagements. Our article also critically examines the open grip, acknowledging its benefits in muscle targeting while emphasizing its heightened risk of injury, particularly in heavy lifting scenarios. The synthesis of these insights offers a practical guide for safe and effective resistance exercise methods. The article underscores the necessity of understanding grip techniques in resistance exercise, aiming to enhance coaches' and athletes' education and safety awareness.
Potential Benefits of Postactivation Potentiation Protocols on Tennis Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Germic Ales , Filipcic Ales , Paravlic Armin
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to provide an overview of the benefits of postactivation potentiation (PAP) protocols on tennis performance. All procedures were in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. After an online search, 8 studies with 133 tennis players were eligible for inclusion. Results showed that a variety of methods were used to elicit PAP in tennis players, with maximal voluntary isometric contraction showing promising results in improving serve velocity (SV) by 4.6 km·h−1 (3.4 ± 4.6%; ES = 0.711) immediately after the preconditioning activity (PCA). The most favorable effects of PAP on sprinting time and maximal power were observed in resistance training exercises using squats as PCA, with loads near 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), whereas the heavy load leg press warm-up demonstrated positive effects on agility and power. By contrast, negative effects on SV were observed with heavy 600-g ball throws. Despite limitations in match application because of the post-activation performance enhancement effect duration, these protocols remain beneficial for training purposes. Calculating volume load relative to 1RM can provide helpful insights for optimal PAP. However, individualizing PAP protocols based on athletes' characteristics and training status seems crucial and should be investigated in future studies.
Concentration effects in multicomponent metallic solid solutions
Authors: Protsenko S.I. , Odnodvorets L.V. , Shumakova N.I. , Pasko O.O. , Protsenko I.Yu.
Published: May 2024

In the equiatomic approximation, the dependence of the lattice FCC parameter and the Debye temperature from the atomic fate x of the doping element, which is alternately represented by all elements of a multicomponent solid solution, including high-entropy alloys were obtained. The calculations were carried out on the example of a five-component (based on Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Al) or six-component (based on Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr, Ti) metal systems. It was found that by varying x within x = (0 - 0.3), it is possible to obtain a change in the lattice FCC parameter from 0 to 0.03 nm and the Debye temperatures from 0 to 80 K. The proposed new characteristics are integral and differential concentration coefficients, the magnitude and sign of which can predict concentration dependences for the lattice parameter and the Debye temperature.
Polinkio tikėti sąmokslu, asmenybės bruožų, streso įveikos strategijų ir psichologinės gerovės sąsajos
Authors: Jucevičiūtė Emilija , Zamalijeva Olga , Giedraitytė Miglė
Published: May 2024

Conspiracy theories and people’s tendency to believe them have recently attracted a great deal of scientific attention because of the widespread nature of conspiracy beliefs, their potential to influence people’s behaviour and endanger public safety. To understand what leads people to believe in conspiracies, it is important to consider both intrinsic personal factors as well as external, learned factors that are related to the person’s environment. This study aims to explore which psychological factors contribute directly and indirectly to the propensity to believe conspiracy theories. The study involved 173 participants (80.3% women). The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 33.34; SD = 14.62). The Conspiracy mentality scale was used to measure the subjects’ general tendency to believe in conspiracy theories. The participants’ Big Five personality traits, psychological well-being, and stress coping strategies were also assessed. The results of linear regression and path analysis show that the propensity to believe in conspiracy theories is directly predicted by social well-being, religion and avoidance coping which are used to reduce stress. In addition, conspiracy mentality has been found to be indirectly predicted by personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism, through social well-being and avoidance coping; in addition, path analysis revealed direct associations between the tendency to believe in conspiracy and extraversion. Skepticism (one of conspiracy mentality subscales) is directly predicted by avoidance coping strategy. Extraversion predicts propensity to believe conspiracy theories directly and – together with neuroticism – indirectly through social well-being and avoidance coping.
Morphological features of structures obtained by two-stage crystallization of Al – 7.5 wt. % Si alloy
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Borisov А. G. , Belik V. I. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Morphological features of structures obtained by two-stage crystallization of Al – 7.5 wt. % Si alloy were studied. Alloy with composition Al - 7,5wt. % Si; 0,29 wt. %Mg; 0,12 wt. %Fe; 0,028 wt. % Mn; 0,005 wt. %Cu; 0,0015 wt. % Ti. was used. To control the formation of the structure of the initial alpha phase, thermal, temporal, and force effects on the melt in a thermostat were used. The formation of the structure of the final alpha phase was achieved using various thermal modes of solidification of the casting from a liquid metal suspension in a metal mold. As a result of the experiments, almost the entire spectrum of morphologies characteristic of semi-solid rheocasting processes of A356 was obtained. The possibility of controlling the structure of pseudocomposites for A356 alloy by combining the morphologies of the initial and final α-phases has been experimentally demonstrated. The formation of such pseudocomposites is also fundamentally possible for other alloys, which are characterized by the formation of both dendritic and rosette mophologies, for example, alloys based on Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni. Application of various methods of melt treatment at the first stage of crystallization makes it possible to obtain three different types of morphology of the initial alpha phase - dendritic, rosette and globular. Keywords: Al-based alloys, melt treatment, crystallization, microstructure
Spectral analysis and dynamic properties of polyurethanes dyed with rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B as matrices of a solid-state laser element
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Kosyanchuk Liudmyla , Kozak Nataliia ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Babkina Nataliia ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Antonenko Oksana ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Bezrodnyi Volodymyr ,   Institute of Physics NAS of Ukraine, 46, Prospect Nauky, Kyiv,03680, Ukraine, Bezrodna Tamara ,   Institute of Physics NAS of Ukraine, 46, Prospect Nauky, Kyiv,03680, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

A comparison was carried out of the nature of intermolecular interactions, elastic properties and gas permeability of the crosslinked polyurethanes doped with xanthene dyes and original polyurethane using IR spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The introduced dye can be considered as useful microimpurity which, however, can affect the efficiency of the laser. In IR spectra of polyurethanes the complex band of stretching vibrations of C=O groups is sensitive to the nature of intermolecular interaction of urethane groups. From the analysis of that band it is shown that in the presence of dyes, self-association of urethane groups within the hard segment predominates and the interaction of urethane groups with the oligoether component decreases, which can contribute to increasing the mobility of the flexible component. A decrease in the dynamic storage modulus (E’) and a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tc) of polyurethanes in the presence of dyes is shown by the DMA method. The results of both DMA and IR spectroscopy indicate a greater increase in the mobility of the elastic component with the introduction of the rhodamine B dye, covalently bound to the polyurethane chain. According to nitroxyl paramagnetic probe data the introduction of both rhodamine B and rhodamine 6G dyes into polyurethanes increases their permeability to vapors of low-molecular weight compounds, but rhodamine 6G has a more prominent effect on this characteristic. This is consistent with DMA data indicating a greater increase in the Mc value in the presence of rhodamine 6G in polyurethane. The obtained results make it possible to determine the optimal composition of the active laser medium and are important in assessing the radiation resistance of the polymer matrix. Its increase is facilitated by a decrease in the storage modulus and an increase in the gas permeability of the polymer, leading to a decrease in pressure in the area of local heating.
Pyrolysis of plasticized films based on soy protein, denatured by different substances
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Samoilenko Tetiana , Yashchenko Larysa ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Yarova Nataliia ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Bortnytskyi Volodymyr ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine, Brovko Oleksandr ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske highway, Kyiv, 02155, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Polymer films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) were obtained using the thermo-pressing method. Plasticizers and denaturing agents were added to ensure better the film-forming properties and reduce the fragility of the resulting materials. Glycerol, sorbitol and their mixture were used for plasticization, while solutions of alkali (potassium hydroxide), surfactants of natural origin (sodium coco sulfate) and reducing agent (sodium sulfite) were used for denaturation. By combining different types of plasticization and denaturation, a series of samples were obtained and compared with a sample based on raw soy protein. In addition to the obvious differences in the appearance of the films, the processes of their thermal degradation, studied by pyrolysis mass spectrometry, also differed significantly. In fact, unprocessed soy protein has the highest thermal stability with the temperature of the most intensive decomposition equal to 270 °С, which can decrease to 200 °С under the conditions of denaturation and plasticization. Despite the increase in the number of film components, the amount of volatile decomposition products decreases (from 86 to 32), as well as the molecular weight of the heaviest of them (from 169 to 74). This is a sign of a change in the mechanism of soy protein degradation due to denaturation and plasticization caused by transformations in its supramolecular structure, such as unfolding and extension of macrochains with increased availability of functional groups. The pyrolytic behavior of some protein samples plasticized with sorbitol is closest to that of untreated soy protein, which may indicate a lower plasticizing efficiency of sorbitol with longer molecules than glycerol. The interpretation of the recorded mass spectra of the volatile pyrolysis products showed that the thermal degradation of protein materials is dominated by processes such as decarboxylation, dehydration, deamination and decarbonylation, while in the presence of plasticizers the splitting of their own molecules also becomes dominant. The characteristic mass spectra of protein films denatured by surfactants also contain ionic fragments of relatively high molecular weight, probably derived from sodium coco sulfate molecules.
Late-Onset Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Type A: A Treatable Cause of Developmental Delay
Authors: Lund Allan M. , Berland Siren , Tangeraas Trine , Christensen Mette , Confer Nils , Squires Liza , Brannsether Bente
Published: May 2024

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency classically presents in neonates with intractable seizures; however, milder cases generally present before age 2 years with developmental delays and may go undiagnosed. Early diagnosis, and safe, US Food and Drug Administration-approved substrate replacement are critical to preserve neurologic function. This article discusses 2 children who presented with late-onset molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses and Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Pesch Megan H. , Leung Jessica , Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Tinker Sarah C. , Rose Charles E. , Danielson Melissa L. , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn , Grosse Scott D.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

To examine the association between congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) administrative diagnoses in US children.

METHODS

Cohort study using 2014 to 2020 Medicaid claims data. We used diagnosis codes to identify cCMV (exposure), ASD (outcome), and covariates among children enrolled from birth through ≥4 to <7 years. Covariates include central nervous system (CNS) anomaly or injury diagnosis codes, including brain anomaly, microcephaly within 45 days of birth, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or chorioretinitis. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, overall and stratified by sex, birth weight and gestational age outcome (low birth weight or preterm birth), and presence of CNS anomaly or injury.

RESULTS

Among 2 989 659 children, we identified 1044 (3.5 per 10 000) children with cCMV and 74 872 (25.0 per 1000) children with ASD. Of those with cCMV, 49% also had CNS anomaly or injury diagnosis codes. Children with cCMV were more likely to have ASD diagnoses (hazard ratio: 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 2.0–3.2, adjusting for birth year, sex, and region). This association differed by sex and absence of CNS anomaly or injury but not birth outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with (versus without) cCMV diagnoses in Medicaid claims data, most of whom likely had symptomatic cCMV, were more likely to have ASD diagnoses. Future research investigating ASD risk among cohorts identified through universal cCMV screening may help elucidate these observed associations.
Environment effect on mechanical parameters of soil-mixing
Authors: Farouk Menari , Moussaoui Sabah , Belgasmia Mourad , Abbeche Khelifa
Published: May 2024

Soil improvement is originally an economical solution to make soil buildable, particularly compared to deep foundation methods using piles. The object of this research is the understanding of the behavior of soil-mixing material, in particular, what concerns the effect of environmental parameters, whether: temperature, water table level, chemical attacks, the phenomenon of aging etc. on the mechanical and physical characteristics (resistance to simple compression, resistance to simple bending, modulus of elasticity, porosity, density, etc.), of a soil-mixing column, in the short term and long term. The big problem is how to carry out experiments in the laboratory, which will be representative of the different phenomena that take place on a real scale (on site). To do this, our approach consists of studying different soil-mixing mixtures composed of «artificial» soils (clay and sand) and a CEM III/C cement, and with a variable W/C ratio. After making the test pieces, with the different dosages of cements and a ratio between clay and fixed sand, they were kept under normal temperature conditions, in order to reach a maturation age (180 days), to be able to begin the series of experiments. Once the specimens were subjected to the aging test, let’s begin to crush them with simple compression and simple bending. The parametric study highlights a percentage of clay beyond of which the resistance decreases and the rigidity of the material can pose a problem for certain structural uses. The different results obtained show that for a low cement dosage, the humidification-drying cycle influences both the resistance to simple compression and to bending simple, as well as the number of cycles affects the resistance values significantly. On the other hand, for a greater or lesser dosage of cement, the resistance values are not affected. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the choice of cement dosage depending on the nature of the soil influences the soil-mixing column and plays an important role on the lifespan of the column; therefore, it is necessary to give primary importance to the choice of cement dosage depending on the nature of the soil treated.
Development of white organic light emitting diodes based on carbazole-derived compounds
Authors: Melnykov Serhii , Bilas Orest
Published: May 2024

The object of research is the thermal, photophysical, and electrophysical properties of newly synthesized carbazole-derived compounds and organic light-emitting structures based on them. The problem consists in the comprehensive solution of scientific and technical problems of improving the characteristics of white organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), expanding their emission spectrum, improving color and energy characteristics.
The results of the thermal, electrophysical and photophysical properties of the investigated carbazole compounds were obtained. They demonstrated good thermal stability. Absorption spectra in solid films were recorded in the range of 300–350 nm. Photoluminescence spectra were observed at a wavelength of 407 nm for the first and second compounds and 430 nm for the third. The quantum yield of photoluminescence in films for compounds 1, 2, and 3 was 16 %, 7 %, and 7 %, respectively.
Organic light-emitting structures of white emission color with color coordinates (0.31, 0.35), (0.32, 0.34) and (0.38, 0.34) close to natural white light (0.33, 0.33) were formed using the thermovacuum sputtering method. The turn-on voltage of the white OLED is 6 V, the maximum brightness of the light-emitting structures was 10,000 cd/m2. The devices demonstrated a sufficiently high external quantum efficiency of 5 % to 7 %.
The obtained results are explained by the mixing of different types of electroluminescence, namely excitonic and electromeric. Electromeric radiation is obtained due to transport layers. This approach improves such an important parameter of white light as its quality, which includes color coordinates and color rendering index.
Due to their color characteristics, white light-emitting diodes based on carbazole-derived compounds are promising candidates for use in modern lighting systems. A separate advantage of these light-emitting structures is the dependence of the color gamut of their radiation on the applied voltage. In addition, organic LEDs based on carbazole-derived compounds have low energy consumption and are environmentally friendly due to the absence of toxic substances in their design, which creates prerequisites for both global energy savings and a reduction of the industrial burden on the environment.
Integration of stakeholder management and risk management methods in projects of housing and communal services providers
Authors: Chernenko Yuri , Teslenko Pavlo
Published: May 2024

The object of research is stakeholder and risk management processes in the projects of housing and communal services providers. In conditions of constant change and uncertainty, such management becomes key to ensuring the success and sustainability of projects in this area. The problem addressed by the study is the development and analysis of an integrated model that combines stakeholder management with risk management, with an emphasis on innovation and performance improvement.
The essence of the obtained results is the identification of key points of interaction between stakeholders and risks, as well as the development of complex strategies for their effective management. The model is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including structural-logical analysis, SWOT analysis, as well as the use of expert evaluation methods.
The results are explained by the need for a deeper integrated approach to stakeholder and risk management, especially in the context of housing and communal services (HCS), where the interaction between these elements directly affects the success of projects. This approach allows not only to identify potential problems at an early stage, but also to respond to them more effectively.
The innovativeness of the proposed model lies not only in its comprehensive approach to the analysis and management of stakeholders and risks, but also in the possibility of its scaling and adaptation to various conditions and projects in the field of housing. The application of this model includes the intensive use of modern analytical tools, which contributes to more accurate forecasting of risks and more effective solving of problems related to stakeholders. This, in turn, allows utilities providers to increase the quality and reliability of the services provided, strengthening trust and satisfaction among users. Also, the model provides for the active involvement of stakeholders in the project management process, which ensures greater openness, transparency of actions and the ability to quickly adapt to changing market conditions.
The research results can be used in practice in the field of housing and public utilities to optimize project management, increase their efficiency, and reduce risks. This will be especially relevant in cases where an integrated approach to management is needed, considering both the requirements and expectations of stakeholders, as well as potential risks.
Research and analysis of tower crane load behavior when the rope breaks
Authors: Semenchenko Stanislav , Dorokhov Mykola
Published: May 2024

The object of research is the behavior of the load of the tower crane during the break of the sling. One of the most problematic areas is the safety of work and the prevention of emergency situations. Despite the presence of mandatory safety measures, during cargo transportation, one of the sling branches may be destroyed due to the presence of a dynamic component during the operation of the crane, or errors of the slinger when securing the cargo. Also, the presence of hidden internal or unnoticed defects in the sling construction itself cannot be ruled out. Also, one of the most problematic places is the chaotic fluctuations of the load, which negatively affect the stability of the crane and safety. The paper describes the case of the destruction of one of the branches of a two-rope sling during the transportation of a long product by a tower crane.
The proposed method of cargo behavior analysis is based on the use of a dynamic description of cable system failure modes within the framework of setting and solving differential-algebraic equations. This makes it possible to more accurately describe the behavior of the cargo when the sling breaks.
The obtained results show that the application of the proposed method makes it possible to bring the mathematical model of the two-link mathematical pendulum significantly closer to the actual mutual oscillations of the load during the sling break. This is due to the fact that the proposed method has a number of features, in particular, high sensitivity to changes in the behavior of the cargo and a quick reaction to a rope break.
These results can be used in practice in the design and operation of tower cranes. Thanks to the application of the proposed method, it is possible to obtain accurate values of cargo behavior indicators and timely detection of a rope break. Compared to similar known methods, this method has such advantages as high efficiency, reliability and safety of operation.
Anti-crisis design for operational management of the restaurant business in Ukrain
Authors: Kharenko Dmytro , Fedosova Kateryna , Novichkova Tamara , Minieiev Andrii
Published: May 2024

The object of this research is the impact of the crisis caused by military actions in Ukraine on the restaurant business. The study aims to examine the adaptation strategies that restaurants use for survival and development in the face of sudden economic changes and increasing uncertainty. The problems addressed in the study include responding to the loss of customers, rising food prices, decreasing cash flows, and a shortage of qualified workers.
The main findings of the study showed that restaurants that successfully adapt implement comprehensive changes: from digitalizing ordering and delivery processes to revising menus and optimizing resource use. These steps not only reduce costs but also improve operational efficiency, which is crucial for maintaining customer loyalty and attracting new customers. Specifically, restaurants that invested in digitalization (e. g., electronic menus, online ordering, and inventory management systems) reported a 30–40 % increase in sales compared to those that did not implement such changes. Restaurants that implemented strategies for staff retention and cost optimization reduced staff turnover by 25 % and increased productivity by 20 %.
The results are explained by the implementation of innovative approaches and strategic rethinking of business models, which allow quick responses to changing market conditions and consumer needs. Effective use of digital technologies and optimization of internal processes have become key success factors.
The data obtained have significant theoretical and practical value, as they can be used to develop recommendations aimed at improving the resilience and adaptability of the hospitality industry in crisis conditions. These results help understand how managers can use strategic planning to optimize business processes and ensure enterprise stability. The importance of the research is also highlighted by identifying future research directions that can help the restaurant business more effectively adapt to changing market conditions and global crises.
Análisis desde el enfoque de Sistemas Blandos: Una cosmovisión de la comunidad académica sobre la educación superior virtual
Authors: Páez Lina Marie Mejía , Reyes Efraín Hernando Pinzón , Llano Fabián Andrés
Published: May 2024

Este artículo científico de investigación hace un bosquejo desde un enfoque sistémico de la cosmovisión de la comunidad académica sobre el deber ser de la educación superior virtual. Para ello, se ha hecho una integración novedosa entre pensamiento de sistemas y técnicas de análisis bibliométrico; a partir de estas técnicas, se lograron transformar las palabras claves de la literatura académica reportada en sistemas de actividad humana que dan cuenta de los sistemas sugeridos en el campo de estudio. Este bosquejo de sistemas obtenido presenta una aproximación a las actividades humanas mínimas requeridas, que dan razón de una Institución de Educación Superior interesada en la modalidad virtual. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser usados en trabajos futuros para enriquecer el bosquejo reportado y para incentivar a la comunidad académica a usar la integración metodológica aquí planteada o una similar en sus investigaciones, en donde las técnicas de análisis tradicionales puedan ser posteriormente expresadas mediante el constructo de sistemas de actividad humana, dando una base adicional para la discusión académica y la comprensión de la aplicación social de las interpretaciones conceptuales.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK BY INTEGRATING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL WITH CONVECTIVE SURFACE COOLING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Shaikh Ummid Isamiya , Kamble Dhanapal , Kore Sandeep
Published: May 2024

The thermal behavior of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack has a substantial impact on its cycle life, charge-discharge characteristics, and safety. This research presents a comparative experimental analysis of the thermal performance of a lithium-ion battery pack designed for an electric bike, both with and without using phase change material (PCM). In both cases, a novel approach of passing air over the battery pack casing is employed to induce forced convection conditions, ensuring compliance with IP67 standards. The study examines the temporal variation of battery pack temperature at various constant discharge rates. The study demonstrated that the forced convection cooling method was more effective in maintaining the battery pack maximum temperature (Tmax) below the optimal and safe temperature limits as compared to the natural convection cooling method in the absence of phase change materials. With the incorporation of PCM, the Tmax value is found to be 12.4°C lower than that of the baseline case. Furthermore, the temperature homogeneity within the battery pack was significantly enhanced, as the maximum temperature difference [(ΔT)max] was reduced by 3.3°C compared to the baseline case. The combination of natural convection cooling and PCM is the most effective in controlling the battery temperature at 0.75 C discharge rate. The experimental data presented in this work could provide a good practical insight into the battery thermal management for electric bikes application.
PLASMA AND CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NONLINEAR CAVITATION EFFECTS
Authors: Butusova O. A. , Sitnikov S. A. , Bulychev Nikolay A.
Published: May 2024

This work examines the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained in plasma discharge under the
influence of ultrasound and by the deposition method. It has been shown that special form of plasma
discharge in a liquid in an intensive ultrasonic field above the cavitation threshold can be effectively
used to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles. The resulting sample consists of individual particles or their
small associates ranging from 30 to 60 nm in size and aggregates of these particles with a wide range
of sizes. Additional exposure to ultrasound allows to obtain particles with average size of less than 20
nm. The deposition method produces larger hexagonal particles with a size of 40 nm and a length of
up to 100 nm. This difference is explained by the shorter growth time of crystals in plasma discharge.
INSIGHTS INTO DESIGNING AN EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE MICROWAVE-ASSISTED METHANE DEHYDROAROMATIZATION PROCESS: EFFECT OF MICROWAVE ABSORBER ON CATALYST PERFORMANCE
Authors: Muley Pranjali , Abedin Ashraf , Bai Xinwei , Thapa Juddha , Chorpening Benjamin , Haynes Dan
Published: May 2024

Microwave-assisted methane dehydroaromatization has the potential to address challenges of traditional
dehydroaromatization reactions. However, catalysts for microwave-enhanced reaction systems
require effective coupling of fields with the catalyst to produce heat and reach reaction temperatures.
This work presents an in-depth understanding of the effect of the addition of silicon carbide as a microwave
absorber on catalyst performance among other variables, the viability of the microwave reactor
configuration, and insights into designing an effective and reliable microwave-based methane dehydroaromatization
process. The effect of other parameters including temperature, weight hourly space
velocity, role of microwave absorber, and methane concentration during microwave-assisted methane
dehydroaromatization reaction are studied. Mo/ZSM-5 was found to suffer from low permittivity and
nonuniform heating under microwave conditions. Mixing silicon carbide powder as a microwave absorber
with the catalyst was found to provide more uniform heating. When assessing the catalytic performance of the mixture, it was found that higher methane partial pressures at 2000 cc/gcat.h and a temperature range of 500-600°C produced the highest amount of benzene. The formation of graphitic carbon on the spent catalyst increased with temperature, gas-solid contact period, and methane concentration, which resulted in higher methane conversion and benzene selectivity. The study indicates
that under microwave heating the presence of localized carbon enhanced catalyst life by coupling with
microwave energy, leading to localized heating, and improving benzene selectivity.
INSTABILITY OF THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION OF KELVIN-VOIGT FLUID IN A POROUS MEDIUM USING DARCY-BRINKMAN MODEL
Authors: Afluk Zaid Abbas , Harfash Akil J.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we investigate the problem of thermosolutal convection of a class of viscoelastic fluids in a porous
medium of Darcy-Brinkman type. This phenomenon takes place when a layer is heated from beneath while also being
exposed to salt either from the upper or lower side. Both linear instability and conditional nonlinear stability analyses
are applied in this study. The eigenvalue system have been solved using the Chebyshev collocation technique and the
QZ algorithm. The computation of instability boundaries is undertaken for the occurrence of thermosolutal convection
in a fluid containing dissolved salt, where the fluid is of a complex viscoelastic nature resembling the Navier-Stokes-Voigt type. Notably, the Kelvin-Voigt parameter emerges as a critical factor in maintaining stability, particularly for oscillatory convection. In instances where the layer is heated from below and salted from above, the thresholds of stability align with those of instability, substantiating the appropriateness of the linear theory in predicting the
thresholds for convection initiation. Conversely, when the layer is subjected to salting from the bottom while being
heated, the thresholds of stability remain constant even with variations in the salt Rayleigh number. This leads to a
significant disparity between the thresholds of linear instability and those of nonlinear stability.
A modified linear-elastic model for calibration of resonant column devices accommodating drive system compliance
Authors: Rieman Luke Paul , Buckley Róisín Marie , Shinde Ninad Sanjeev , Wheeler Simon Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Measurements of small-strain shear modulus of soils and rocks using the resonant column apparatus are highly dependent on accurate physical characterisation of the apparatus's drive components. This is typically achieved by way of a calibration exercise, yet it is widely reported that existing interpretation methods yield physical properties that vary with frequency, complicating subsequent interpretation of test data. Previous research has indicated that much of this apparent frequency dependency occurs due to compliance of the drive system. In this study the linear elastic model of the resonant column apparatus is adapted to include a new drive stiffness parameter, supported by finite-element analysis of the drive system. A novel calibration method is presented based on this drive compliance model. Thirteen calibration bars and three added masses are used to conduct an extensive calibration exercise for both a Hardin- and Stokoe-type resonant column apparatus. The novel calibration method is compared with three existing methods in the literature. Limitations of the four methods are identified and discussed. The drive compliance model and its associated calibration method is shown to be a robust means of characterising the apparatus behaviour while successfully eliminating frequency dependency of the calibration parameters. The model is valid where total system damping is small and is particularly valuable when testing stiff specimens where common apparatus assumptions may not apply.
Model construction and empirical of urban characteristic planning evaluation index system
Authors: Yin Yubo , Jin Yunlong
Published: May 2024

With accelerated urbanisation, the importance of urban characteristic planning has become increasingly prominent. It has been a focus on how to conduct scientific urban characteristic planning evaluation to ensure high quality and sustainable development of urban characteristic planning. Therefore, this study proposed an urban characteristic planning evaluation index system based on support vector machine (SVM). The process uses hierarchical analysis to determine the relative weight values, calculates fuzzy values for indicators that cannot be directly and objectively evaluated and then introduces SVM for precise processing of interval data. The test results showed that the accuracy of the research method was 0.9760, 0.9600 and 0.9750 when taking the maximum bias value of 0.5 in the three datasets. The optimisation time of the research method for the parameters of the UCI (University of California Irvine) dataset remained within 650–750 ms. The evaluation results of the research method fit well with the expert evaluation results. The above results show that the research method has high data accuracy and operational efficiency in the evaluation of urban characteristic planning, which can make reasonable evaluation of urban characteristic planning. This method can provide reliable reference basis for government decision making.
Economic Implications of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Vietnam: A CGE Analysis with Capital-Energy Substitution Elasticities Estimated Using Firm-level Data
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Duy Chinh Nguyen , Ko Jong-Hwan
Published: May 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic implications of Vietnamese Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets towards emission reduction.
Design/Methodology/Approach - We devised four scenarios corresponding to economy-wide emission reduction targets and sector targets specified in the most up to date NDC of Vietnam and the NDC technical report. The scenarios were then simulated in a CGE framework to reveal how important economic indicators and welfare change relative to baseline scenarios in 2030. The capital-energy substitution elasticities of 24 Vietnamese sectors were also estimated using a nested CES production function and used for model calibration.
Findings - The results indicate that the coal mining sector undergoes a significant decline in output in response to the imposition of emission reduction schemes. Outputs of sectors with high capital-energy substitution elasticities such as non-metallic mineral, metal, and agriculture are more resilient to mild restriction policies compared with sectors with low elasticities. Imposing a moderate economy-wide restriction might lead to slight improvements in GDP and welfare. Under aggressive emission policies, the CGE model predicts major trade shifts in key export sectors, including electronics, electrical equipment, and machinery, and losses in allocative efficiency due to reduced input tax revenue.
Research Implications - We recommend excluding the coal mining sector from NDC, providing short-term tax cuts or cost subsidies for exporting industries under aggressive sector-specific emission policies, and imposing a carbon tax on sectors insensitive to emission restrictions to offset the loss in tax revenue.
A Study on China's Renewable Energy Vehicle Subsidy Policy under the WTO Framework
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Zhang Congxiao , Choi Jang-Woo
Published: May 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to derive improvement measures for China's renewable energy vehicle subsidy policy under the WTO system. The parts of the new and renewable energy vehicle subsidy system enacted by China that are inconsistent with the WTO subsidy agreement are identified, and policy improvement measures are suggested.
Design/Methodology/Approach - This study conducted existing literature studies and case analysis to derive improvement measures for China's renewable energy vehicle subsidy policy under the WTO system. First, the existing literature research analyzed previous studies on the renewable energy vehicle subsidy policy. Second, the case analysis identified the inconsistency of China's renewable energy vehicle subsidy policy with the WTO subsidy agreement based on the results determined in WTO-related dispute cases.
Findings - Since it is stipulated that only renewable energy vehicle producers are eligible for subsidies under China's renewable energy vehicle subsidy policy, renewable energy vehicle subsidies establish the specificity specified in the WTO subsidy agreement. Local governments established factories locally and provided subsidies only to renewable energy companies using on-site facilities, which is a prohibited subsidy under the WTO subsidy agreement.
Research Implications - First, prohibited subsidies must be removed by expanding the subject of subsidies or changing the payment method. Second, the central government should strengthen the supervisory capabilities of local governments. Third, it is necessary to encourage and expand the introduction of personal capital in the field of renewable energy infrastructure. Fourth, various support measures in addition to the subsidy policy should be added to reduce the suspicion of prohibited subsidies in other countries and promote industrial development.
A Study on the Structural Relationship between Hospitality Service Employees ESG Management Awareness, Customer Orientation, Authenticity and Management Performance
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Chun Yong-Taik , Lee Jung-Eun
Published: May 2024

Purpose - This study aims to use it as an opportunity to examine ESG management as well as identify the structural relationship between customer orientation, sincerity, and management performance among hospitality service employee ESG management awareness.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To achieve the research purpose, theoretical and empirical research were conducted in parallel. The empirical study was conducted through a survey targeting employees working at hotels, family restaurants, coffee shops, and fast food restaurants, and the results were presented.
Findings - A hypothesis was established, and as a result of hypothesis testing, a significant relationship was formed between ESG management awareness and customer-oriented behavior. The relationship between ESG management awareness and sincerity formed a significant relationship, and the relationship between customer orientation and management performance formed a significant relationship. A significant relationship was also formed between authenticity and management performance.
Research Implications - Since the hospitality service industry is based on human resources, the role of employees as the foundation is important because it goes beyond customer satisfaction and creates customer return visits. Therefore, changes in job performance, including changes in the roles and abilities of employees, are important. There must be changes in the systems and environmental characteristics inside and outside the company. Moreover, it is believed that the high performance that employees are responsible for and the corporate environment have a significant relationship with management performance, and further influence each individual to take initiative in innovative behavior.
Economic Feasibility Analysis of Transfer Equipment Automation (YT and AGV) Container Terminals
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Cha Sang-Hyun , Noh Chang-Kyun
Published: May 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to understand the limitations of yard transfer equipment composition through the economic feasibility analysis of yard transfer equipment by examining the transport equipment operation algorithm and work process composition of terminals.
Design/Methodology/Approach - Yard Transfer Equipment YT is widely used at domestic and international terminals. The Domestic G terminal is interested in the construction of yard transfer equipment automation. In the study, the actual transport equipment operation algorithm process and work process composition of Gwangyang G Terminal and L Terminal in China were investigated, and economic feasibility was investigated.
Findings - As a result of economic feasibility analysis, it was shown that e terminal operated by YT transfer equipment lacked economic feasibility, but the terminal operated by AGV transfer equipment attained economic feasibility. In the case of terminals operated by AGV transfer equipment, the B/C ratio was 1.8, NPV was about 27 billion won, and IRR was 13. Therefore, the terminal operated by AGV transfer equipment has economic feasibility.
Research Implications - It is expected that safety accidents, cost reduction, and efficient transfer equipment management will be possible through the economic performance of yard transfer equipment. In addition, an economic feasibility analysis was presented so that terminal managers can decide on efficient investments when deciding to introduce and build yard transfer equipment, and reflect this to actively cope with the automation of yard transfer equipment.