bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Rurality and Gender-based Violence
Authors: Qi Ziwei , Terry April N. , Lynn Tamara J.
Published: January 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) has profound effects on victims in rural areas due to culturally constructed gender roles, the density of acquaintanceship, the stigma of abuse and poverty, a lack of access to housing and services, and other challenges. It is important to examine and explore theories of violence in rural communities and provide policy recommendations to service providers to better respond to unique circumstances. The current text is a new addition to understanding GBV in rural America. Issues of domestic violence and sexual assault in rural communities have not been well studied due to a lack of accessible data and seminal mainstream criminological research focused on densely populated areas. As an example, feminist criminology has helped advance the academic understanding of GBV, providing a critical framework for understanding patriarchy and gender-specific issues. Other concerns, such as the geopolitics and lack of services and legal support that tend to reinforce violence, victimisation and girls’ delinquencies, are emerging issues in the field of rural justice. Researchers and practitioners are eager to understand the causes and provide effective policies to address the recurring problems.
Comparing Characteristics of Rural and Urban Intimate Partner Violence Against Women
Authors: Richardson Nicholas J. , Scaggs Samuel J.A. , Wooten Camara , Barrick Kelle
Published: January 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a significant public safety and public health problem in the United States. This is especially salient in rural communities. Rural jurisdictions have a number of unique problems that may exacerbate the frequency of IPV compared to urban communities, including, for example, the increase in availability of firearms, geographical isolation from victim services, increased stigma associated with IPV, and a lack of financial resources. The purpose of this chapter was to utilise incident-based crime data and measures of rurality from the US Census Bureau to develop an understanding of how crime incident characteristics of IPV vary across mostly rural compared to mostly urban counties in the United States. Findings indicate differences in the seriousness of IPV offences, the presence of firearms, frequency of arrest, and whether victims cooperate with authorities between rural and urban counties. Policy implications are discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Atkins Ed
Published: January 2024

This opening chapter presents the main themes of the book. It details the need for the decarbonisation of energy in a fair and equitable way – and the possibilities of doing so. However, the chapter moves to argue that the current energy model is unable to deliver an energy transition that is inclusive: using the energy price crisis of 2021–2022 as an example of the need for a new energy model. It turns to outline a new model of energy transition that is both nationally driven and community centred, signalling what subsequent chapters discuss and introducing the rules for a just energy transition that guide the book itself.
Ownership
Authors: Atkins Ed
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the procedural justice of contemporary energy transitions. To do so, it explores wind energy projects – arguing that large schemes fail to benefit local communities living nearby and often exclude these groups from decision-making. The chapter presents the impacts of wind power and highlights the complex opposition to such schemes. It defines how the importance of social acceptance of new infrastructure necessitates procedural justice, highlighting the case study of Samsø in Denmark. The chapter ultimately argues that the wind is public and that energy projects should put it to use for the benefit of those living nearby. It ends by detailing the second rule of a just energy transition: the need to elevate and emphasise the participation and voices of local communities.
Life Insurance in the Age of Finance
Authors: van der Heide Arjen
Published: January 2024

This introductory chapter sets the stage for the book by describing the ways in which the long-standing institution of insurance has evolved in the second half of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century. Contemporary capitalist societies, for instance, are held together by extensive welfare arrangements that define, measure and redistribute the costs and risks associated with (un-)employment, illness and death. While most scholarly attention tends to be devoted to public insurance arrangements of this kind, private insurance is an almost equally pervasive phenomenon that is present in many spheres of social life, even if just in the background. The chapter describes changes in life insurance by giving two snapshots of British life insurance: one in the 1960s and one in the 2010s. In studying the changes that lie between the snapshots, the book provides an exemplary case study of financialization in the making, which is characterised by the rise of financial risk management as a dominant mode of governance in the insurance business, the privileging of shareholder interests, and the individualization of financial risk. In performing this exemplary case study, the book aims to inform broader debates about the economic and cultural hegemony of finance and financial economics.
The Long Road to Solvency II (and Back Again?)
Authors: van der Heide Arjen
Published: January 2024

Chapter 8 focuses on the complicated relationship between the British insurance sector and Solvency II. The anticipation of Solvency II played an important role in the British decision to move ahead and implement a market-consistent framework in the early 2000s. In subsequent years, British insurers also came to play a lead role in the development of Solvency II, taking key positions in various working groups. Already before Solvency II finally went live in 2016, however, various elements of the framework were criticized for being ‘overengineered’, first by insurers and later also by supervisors. Pleas for changes to be made to some of the key features of Solvency II subsequently fed into Brexit narratives about ‘taking back control’. This chapter ultimately shows how in the EU context, implementation of principles-based regulation caused not a regulatory race to the bottom but a push to fix the meaning of regulatory concepts and rules, which was perceived as a poor fit with the British reliance on market-based finance.
‘Passive Dreamers’: The Beginning of the Disney Princess Phenomenon
Authors: Muir Robyn
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the first wave of the Disney Princess Phenomenon: Snow White, Cinderella, and Aurora. Their films are situated within their cultural context, before the dominant images of femininity in the wave are introduced and discussed: domesticity, passivity, victimhood, and desiring a romantic relationship, with the chapter identifying them as ‘passive dreamers’.
‘Sacrificing Dreamers’: A Regression in the Disney Princess Phenomenon
Authors: Muir Robyn
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the fourth wave of the Disney Princess Phenomenon: Tiana and Rapunzel. Their films are situated within their cultural context, before the dominant images of femininity in the wave are introduced and discussed: determination, assertiveness, self-sacrifice, and desiring a romantic relationship, with the chapter identifying them as ‘sacrificing dreamers’.
Techno-market Fixes Provoke Controversies and Alternatives: The Big Picture
Authors: Levidow Les
Published: January 2024

As a pervasive policy framework in recent decades, techno-market fixes arose from a convergence between ecological modernization and neoliberal environmentalism. Opposing such techno-market fixes as ‘false solutions’, counter-publics have linked citizens’ groups with critical experts, thus generating greater public controversy. This has broadened opportunities for various alternatives which incur lighter resource burdens, enhance socio-economic equity, localize production-consumption circuits and devise technical means for those aims. Such alternatives become more than mere technical-administrative blueprints when multi-actor alliances become counter-publics confronting the dominant agenda; their alternatives often combine eco-localization with grassroots innovation. Rival agendas can be understood as sociotechnical; each agenda expresses a sociotechnical imaginary co-producing a distinctive form of natural resources, technoscientific knowledge and social order. Together these concepts provide a big picture for understanding various techno-market fixes, their controversies and alternative futures.
EU Agribiotech Fix: Stimulating Blockages and Agroecological Alternatives
Authors: Levidow Les
Published: January 2024

The EU originally promoted agribiotech (genetically modified [GM] crops) through several neoliberal policy changes extending market relations. This techno-market fix included broader patent rights, market liberalization of agriculture, and research agendas blurring the public and private sectors. In the EU’s dominant narrative, agribiotech would be a crucial eco-efficient means for multiple benefits, for example, for the sector to gain global economic competitiveness, to minimize farmers’ dependence on agrichemicals and thus to protect natural resources. But GM crops were soon denounced for threatening the environment and human health. Mass opposition eventually blocked a European market, opening up opportunities for ‘quality’ alternatives, eventually for promoting agroecological systems. Yet policy support measures have been constrained by the dominant techno-market agenda, subsidizing agri-industrial systems for higher yield and global markets. When climate change became a more salient issue, in 2014–2015 GM crops were relaunched for a ‘climate-smart agriculture’ which supposedly would make agri-industrial systems more resilient, while also becoming eligible for carbon credits. Critics turned this techno-market agenda into a political controversy over ‘corporate-smart greenwash’ and thus an opportunity to promote agroecological alternatives as truly climate-resilient for ‘cooling the planet and feeding the people’.
UK Waste Incineration Fix: Perpetuating and Displacing Waste Burdens
Authors: Levidow Les
Published: January 2024

The EU’s waste-management policy has been implemented through UK techno-market frameworks shaping waste-energy trajectories. To reduce disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) via landfill, local authorities have outsourced responsibility through competitive bidding for waste-conversion plants, mainly incinerators, which were meant to save GHG emissions. These plants provoked much controversy over local environmental nuisance, as well as waste generation ‘to feed the beast’. As a techno-innovation, Advanced Thermal Treatments (ATTs) were meant to avoid those problems, better recover or reuse waste, and thus save greenhouse gas emissions. Yet the market-based framework perpetuated the previous problems; it also incentivized conversion processes which were closer to mere disposal, mainly as feedstock for distant energy production. Opponents have denounced all incineration for wasting resources, worsening the climate problem, imposing environmental injustices and perpetuating the linear economy. They counterposed a circular economy that that would redesign production systems to reduce or reuse waste and to address fuel poverty. This provides a future vision for local alternatives and alliances promoting them.
Socio-Economic Impact of Disasters in the Philippines: The First Two Decades of the 21st Century
Authors: Zuñiga Roberto Ariel Abeldaño
Published: January 2024

The Philippines, an archipelago of over 7,000 islands with a population of 105 million, is one of the most at-risk countries in the world, with a frequent exposure to climate-related and geophysical hazards. One of the targets set out in United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) involves supporting the most vulnerable regions to adapt to climate change by integrating disaster risk reduction measures into national policies and strategies. This chapter characterizes the patterns in the occurrence of disasters, associated deaths, population affected, and economic damages in the Philippines over the period 2000–2019. Although the literature states that the government of the Philippines invests significant resources to reduce population exposure to hazards, climate-related hazards must be viewed more carefully, since the global trends indicate an increase in their frequency and intensity. Policies focused on disaster risk management and resilience can facilitate access of the poorest in the population to the mechanisms of economic risk transfer through universal insurance.
Food and Nutrition Security and Children’s Health Challenges in Extreme Weather Disasters in the Philippines: Understanding the Implications of Gender Roles
Authors: Llamas-Clark Erlidia F.
Published: January 2024

Traditional division of labor and gender roles are evident before a disaster. Gender issues can be heightened during disasters but the blurring of boundaries, its extent and fluidity have not been fully understood. The gender role of caregiving influences a woman’s own and her children’s nutrition and health outcomes during disasters. In 2009, tropical storm Ketsana (Ondoy) and typhoon Parma caused major flooding disasters in the Philippines. This chapter used an adapted UNICEF food and nutrition framework with a care model to understand how nutrition and health preservation with women’s contributions prevailed in Laguna-affected communities. Mixed-methods research was undertaken describing demographic, health, nutrition, and household food security profiles 18–24 months post-disaster. A total of 20 mothers were interviewed to explore the nexus between gender and food and nutrition security. Mothers and children were more food insecure post-flood disaster. Women engaged in overt coping strategies to adapt. Women’s caring role is a strong contributor to child nutrition preservation during disasters. Challenges in women’s social role highlight the need for support for women and households during and after disasters.
Children and Disaster Risk Reduction: Building Resilience from Education, Local Government Units, and Communities
Authors: Epe Roxanna Balbido
Published: January 2024

This chapter is based on an independent and follow-up study on integrated child-centered disaster risk reduction and management (IC-DRRM) programs and activities of the Department of Education, concerned local government units (LGUs), and select communities in Bohol, Philippines, that were the project-implementing partners of the School-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in the Philippines. Adopting the insider and outsider perspectives of doing qualitative research provide an in-depth and objective analysis in examining whether the project interventions during the Bohol earthquake post-disaster response and partners’ initiatives are sustained and/or scaled up that promote resilience among children and communities. Results of the study demonstrate the synergies, child participation, and how the Department of Education, the two pilot LGUs (Maribojoc and Loon), and their communities have adopted and scaled up to sustain an integrated child-centered DRRM as they move forward in resilience building. The conclusion underscores the much-needed IC-DRRM and resilience building and its requisites for safer and resilient schools and communities and ‘disaster risk proofing development’ towards sustainable development.
Disaster Events and Role Transitions: Narratives of Filipino Rural Women after Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Guiang Rowena S. , Espina Ervina A.
Published: January 2024

Disasters open up opportunities for women’s participation and engagement beyond the traditional gender roles. It draws attention toward empowering contributions (for example, financial, decision making, and community participation) and the transformation of gender roles. As a case in point, women’s capacity to take on the role as partners in community building is highlighted in disaster recovery efforts. Through these shifts in traditional gender roles, women are rendered visible in comparison with past experiences of invisibility and marginalization. This chapter expands beyond women’s vulnerabilities and marginalized status to explore the experiences of low-income, rural women in a disaster context. Braun and Clarke’s thematic framework highlights narratives of women’s struggles to survive and rebuild. Revealed is the stark reality of women burdened by caregiving yet embracing new roles to help with family and community recovery. Women’s active role and engagement in disaster recovery reflect the UN’s agenda for Sustainable Development specifically to achieve gender equality. Toward this end, women must be recognized for their active involvement and contribution to community building. Their capabilities and strengths in disaster and post-disaster contexts need to be harnessed to reinforce and maintain shifts in gender roles.
Beyond Bayanihan : Overcoming Myths of Community Resilience in Typhoon Haiyan Post-Disaster Recovery
Authors: Su Yvonne , Mangada Ladylyn , Pacoma Ara Joy
Published: January 2024

The common use of the term bayanihan has inspired NGOs, governments, and the media evoke this principle after major disasters to demonstrate the resilience of the Filipino people. But what is bayanihan in theory and practice, and does this Indigenous principle really serve to increase resilience in urban communities suffering from widespread poverty and frequent disasters? Drawing from two separate but overlapping case study research projects in the province of Leyte after typhoon Haiyan and drawing on the ‘insider-outsider’ dimensions of doing disaster research, we argue that despite its popular use after disasters, calling on communities to evoke bayanihan is often an inadequate policy response to the collective action problem that commonly exists in post-disaster recovery. As such, we call for a more critical examination of the potential and limitations of using bayanihan as a post-disaster response in the Philippines. In addition, echoing the concerns of others, we caution against the over-reliance on bayanihan and other Indigenous Filipino coping strategies as a source of post-disaster community resilience, particularly if doing so shifts pressure away from governmental institutions and humanitarian organizations with formal responsibilities.
Platform Work and the Post-Pandemic Shift to Remote Work
Authors: Capuano Angelo
Published: January 2024

This chapter exposes how the rise of platform work (for example, gig work) and the post-pandemic shift to remote work/hybrid work creates disadvantages for already vulnerable workers. The chapter considers how these workers may face disadvantages or discrimination based on their class and/or social background. Intersectionality is also examined.
Reform, Restructure and Rebrand: Cursory Solutions to Historically Entrenched Policing Problems
Authors: Watson Danielle , Pino Nathan W. , Harry Casandra
Published: January 2024

This chapter draws on examples of policing from the small-island developing country of Trinidad and Tobago to highlight how historical remnants of colonial policing underpin contemporary policing approaches and often undermine strategies intended to advance and improve policing. Yet Western-led efforts at reforming policing in postcolonial contexts tend to be inappropriate to local circumstances, failing to transform in any meaningful way entrenched policing practices rooted in colonial eras. The relevance or applicability of these reforms, however, is usually beyond the purview of those charged with enforcement responsibilities. In the postcolonial global South, for example, the colonial legacies of law, police education and training, and police duties do not reflect the contemporary democratic and community-oriented ideals of modern policing. This chapter discusses how strong postcolonial and paramilitaristic undercurrents maintain societal power hierarchies, continuing to work to the disservice of even well-intentioned reform agendas, and prolonging problematic police relations with marginalized groups.
Democratic Policing in Authoritarian Structures: Policing Models and the Exercise of Authority in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Cubas Viviane de , Castelo Branco Frederico , Oliveira André Rodrigues
Published: January 2024

Brazil has a unique model for organizing police work between two separate and independent agencies. The investigation of crimes is carried out by the civilian police, while preventive and patrol policing are carried out by military police. This structure and organization, legacies of the military dictatorship (1964–1985), have not changed with the advent of democracy (1988). This chapter discusses this model of policing and its implications for Brazilian democracy. Using the concept of procedural justice developed by Tom Tyler (2003) to gauge democratic policing, we analyse the perceptions of police officers on democratic ways of exercising police authority. An important finding is that military police officers are less supportive of procedural justice policing than civilian police officers. This helps account for the persistence of undemocratic police forces in democratic countries in the global South and the impact of the militarization of police forces on political regimes that claim to be democratic.
The Question of Queer Complexity: Science Communication and Queer Activism
Authors: Kauwe V de , Standen Emily
Published: January 2024

Political activism is an important domain in which science communication is used to support or oppose social change. In the recent past, queer activism has employed science-related arguments with varying results. This chapter interrogates the ways queer activists have used scientific rhetoric in their political activity over the decades primarily in the US. It reveals the destructive consequences that can arise from doing so if the nuance of queer experience is sacrificed for the sake of pushing a specific agenda.
Queer Interests in Technology and Innovation Discourse
Authors: Roberson Tara
Published: January 2024

Technology plays a significant role in our lives. Dominant narratives for technology might centre on the benefits, but for queer people the opportunities afforded by technology are counterbalanced by the consequences. This chapter examines how technological and innovation discourse has contributed to creating the material conditions of queer people’s existence and how queer people might regain control over the direction of that discourse. This chapter reviews the possibilities of queering technical and innovation discourse. It highlights how underrepresented voices could come to be privileged in research and innovation processes in order to create more diverse, innovative impacts and products.
Practice Spotlight: Queer Scientists PH: Visibility Towards Community Building and Empowerment
Authors: Liwag Jason Tan , Fidelino Jay S. , Escosio Rey Audie S. , Ocampo Almira B. , Santos-Ocampo Nikki
Published: January 2024

This spotlight focuses on the Filipino advocacy and support organization, Queer Scientists PH. Queer Filipino scientists exist within a space of triple marginalization due to their SOGIE (sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression), ethnicity, and poor scientific research conditions. Though discourse exists for queer scientists and Filipino scientists, platforms for discussion of the intersection of these identities are largely absent. Queer Scientists PH aims to raise the visibility of queer Filipino scientists, and the spotlight discusses why this matters, appropriate strategies for doing so without risking members’ safety, and the public impact the organization has had thus far.
Including Queerness and Improving Belonging of Intersectional Queer Identities in Science Communication Communities
Authors: Canfield Katherine
Published: January 2024

Despite this notable effort to meaningfully support inclusion among some axes of identity, a remaining challenge is creating science communication communities that are radically and intentionally inclusive of queerness. This chapter seeks to present how this came to be and provide recommendations for how we might build science communication communities that are inclusive of intersectional queer identities moving forward. It discusses practical strategies for building inclusive networks and events, emphasizing the need to continue adapting to diverse people and needs.
Practice Spotlight: Rainbow Spectrums: Embracing Our Queer Disabled Family in Science Communication
Authors: Kauwe V de , Fisher Kai
Published: January 2024

In 2019, the disability group Science Alliance and local advocacy organization ACT Down Syndrome organized an Australian National Science Week event called ‘Rainbow Spectrums’. Presented by queer science communicators with disabilities, the event’s aim was to encourage an audience of queer disabled people to reclaim a sense of belonging within science. This spotlight recounts the successes of the event from organizer and audience perspectives.
Indigenous Peoples with Disabilities and Canadian Mental Capacity Law
Authors: Dhand Ruby
Published: January 2024

Indigenous peoples with disabilities are extremely vulnerable when interacting with Canadian mental capacity law. They are disproportionately at risk of experiencing barriers to accessing justice, undermining their cultural values and Charter-protected rights of autonomy, medical self-determination and equality. There is a dearth of research addressing the values underlying supported decision-making and substitute decision-making for Indigenous communities in Canada. This chapter analyses the legal framing of mental capacity in Canada and the values and principles that are relevant for Indigenous peoples in Canada. I highlight the significant perspectives of Indigenous peoples in the framing of capacity and the types of intersectional barriers they experience accessing equitable decision-making processes in capacity law. The analysis reveals how Indigenous peoples with disabilities are isolated and denied autonomy. Their participation is curtailed as a result of lack of access to culturally appropriate treatment and systemic discrimination.
Capacity, Participation and Values in Australian Guardianship Laws
Authors: Stewart Cameron
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the history of guardianship in Australia and the role of values and participation in Australian guardianship laws. The chapter postulates that there are three generations of Australian guardianship laws, the most recent of which is specifically designed around the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The implementation of that convention has been haphazard, but the chapter argues that guardianship authorities have, in the absence of clear legislative adoption, created policy frameworks that incorporate and promote the will and preferences of the person under guardianship. This suggests that in Australia policies and guidelines are as important as formal laws for ensuring that the will and preference of people with disabilities are given paramountcy in decision making.
Values and Participation of Individuals Without Mental Capacity in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Daisy
Published: January 2024

Mental capacity law in Hong Kong, much like most areas of law pertaining to those with mental disability, is riddled with deficiencies, both in terms of its theoretical basis and the problematic values that underpin its regimes. This chapter examines the latter, exploring in particular the role of the subjective values of the individual without capacity, as well as the participation of such individuals in hearings granting the power to make decisions on their behalf. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to the two key mental capacity law regimes in Hong Kong, the Part II Committee regime and the Part IVB adult guardianship regime of the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap 136) (MHO). It then examines the extent to which the views and wishes of the individual without capacity are ascertained and considered in decisions under both regimes. The chapter further considers whether such individuals take part in these decisions, and where they do, what the nature of this participation involves. A critical evaluation of these aspects of the two regimes is then provided, and the chapter ends with a brief conclusion.
Taking Back the Internet
Authors: Gerhardt Hannes
Published: January 2024

Chapter 3 takes up the various options to exit and overcome the organization of the current internet, that is, a transactional cyberspace that has given rise to an increasingly powerful and all-consuming platform capitalism and an emerging ‘data colonialism’. The chapter considers the promise and challenges involved in ‘taking back’ the internet via ‘platform cooperatives’ and a movement to reclaim private and commons-sourced data. This includes efforts to establish a ‘self-sovereign identity’ and the creation of a data commons. Within these efforts the important role of the state, and especially municipalities, comes to the fore.
Coping With Money’s Monopoly on Value
Authors: Gerhardt Hannes
Published: January 2024

Chapter 7 is the first of two dealing with the monopolization of all value by exchange-value (and hence money) within capitalist economies. It begins by considering various strategies adopted by commons-oriented actors to cope with ubiquitous commoditization, including self-reliance or exiting efforts, gifting from external actors, and by engaging markets to secure income. The argument is made that the only way to truly challenge capital is via the latter, market-focused strategy, which nonetheless must be pursued carefully and intentionally in order to stay aligned with commons-based commitments and principles. Lastly, two monetary/finance specific efforts are considered that could assist commons-based producers in going toe-to-toe with capital. One centres on finding savings and credit arrangements that could internalize the circulation of money within the commons, and the other deals with the use of alternative cryptocurrencies to help build, manage, and facilitate engagement with the commons-based ‘subeconomy’.
A Compeerist Society
Authors: Gerhardt Hannes
Published: January 2024

After having remained squarely focused throughout the book on a presentation of compeerism within the context of the current capitalist mode of production, Chapter 10 concludes by looking at what a fully-fledged compeerist economy, released from the fetters of capital dominance, could look like. Importantly, no universal prescriptions are offered, seeing that a compeerist economy and society can have multiple configurations. Nevertheless, the chapter offers a basic outline for approaching some of the major governance issues pertaining to markets, money, and property. Then, to offer something more concrete, the chapter proceeds to lay out just one case of a hypothetical compeerist society. Careful consideration is here given to the interconnected and mutually reinforcing organization of the economic and political spheres of society.
Legacies of Black Feminist Activism in the US South
Authors: Eaves LaToya E.
Published: January 2024

This chapter centres the lives and work of Southern Black women and movement work based in Southern Black feminism to elucidate the profound and rich impact of Southern Black women in reshaping the social, political, and economic landscape of the South and the United States more broadly. Only recently has geography considered the role of Black women in the production of space. Previous engagements with Black women’s lives, especially Black women in the South, have only been done in monolithic terms. Through examining the lives of Black women and the work of three Southern-based movement organizations, the chapter demonstrates how ingrained Black feminist activist legacies in Southern histories and geographies are, with attention to movement work entrenched in systems developed by Black women and prioritizing connectivity, community, care, and dignity.
Respectful Relationalities: Researching with Those Who Contest or Have Concerns about Changes in Sexual and Gender Legislation and Cultures
Authors: Browne Kath , Nash Catherine
Published: January 2024

It has long been established that research spaces are relational. This chapter explores the ways in which research was undertaken to investigate the everyday spatial experiences of those who oppose or are concerned about new gender and sexual landscapes, including those who see marriage as between a man/woman, who are pro-life, gender critical, and/or who contest trans inclusions. It argues that research that seeks to understand polarization and division and to work across difference may be transformative, but must also carefully negotiated. These negotiations and flexibilities are necessary to create respectful relationalities between the researcher and the researched that are open to hearing and understanding complexities, contradictions, and stories. Thus, we argue that respectful relationalities can be formed through forms of feminist engagements with narratives as well as queer methodological approaches that see binaries and ‘sides’ as incongruous, fluid and continually redefined.
Introduction
Authors: Lawson B.T.
Published: January 2024

The opening chapter introduces the methodological, empirical and theoretical contributions of this book. It begins by outlining the six empirical chapters and emphasizing how they provide a unique perspective on data bounds. This is followed by an overview of the concluding chapter that puts forward a four-part toolkit for scholars looking to apply data bounds in their work. Given the significance of the empirical work, the chapter goes on to document the Life of a Number approach, where particularly importantly numbers are analysed through five stages: demand, production, communication, public meaning and backgrounding. Given that these numerical case studies emerge from the UK, the final part of the introductory chapter outlines the rationale for a focus on a single country. It emphasizes how the lessons learnt from the UK can be applied across different national and regional contexts.
Critically Engaging with Data Bounds
Authors: Lawson B.T.
Published: January 2024

The final chapter brings together the lessons of the six empirical chapters to put forward a four-part toolkit to help scholars put data bounds into practice. First, scholars must pay attention to media and communication by examining media ecosystems. Second, they must both interrogate and appreciate the power of quantitative realism. Third, academics need to examine how data bounds can maintain or challenge power. Finally, and the hardest task of all, those interested in taking this approach must attempt to determine why some data bounds dominate over others. The chapter concludes by asking ‘Is there any hope?’, with the answer pointing to the role of social and political movements rather than politicians, journalists and experts.
Introduction
Authors: Gray Paul , Jump Deborah , Smithson Hannah
Published: January 2024

Chapter 1 outlines the background and context to the research. It describes the recent rise in serious youth violence (SYV) and the associated economic and societal cost that has served to increase political and populist concerns around SYV, resulting in a raft of new laws, policies and initiatives to tackle the issue. The growing body of research that has identified the disproportionate prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among justice-involved young people, particularly those who perpetrate violent offences, is discussed. To investigate the complex relationship between ACEs and SYV, the research adopted an innovative mix of methods, including a bespoke quantitative ACEs assessment tool, qualitative interviews with youth justice workers, narrative life-story interviews with justice-involved young people, and participatory creative workshops with justice-involved young people. The chapter finishes by outlining the structure of the book.
What’s Wrong with Aristotle?
Authors: Berenguer Elizabeth , Jewel Lucy , McMurtry-Chubb Teri A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how traditional legal rhetoric rests on a classical rhetoric foundation that normalizes inequality in various forms. The chapter starts with Aristotle and looks at his contributions to rhetoric—an essence-based approach to categories, the syllogistic form, and conceptions of hierarchy and inequality. The chapter then traces how traditional legal rhetoric has inherited these classical rhetorical thought structures. Then, by analyzing a few key judicial opinions, the chapter shows how traditional legal reasoning silences outsiders, limits the story that can be told, and produces unjust outcomes.
Reimagining Education: Student Movements and the Possibility of a Critical Pedagogy and Feminist Praxis
Authors: Saeed Tania
Published: January 2024

The Anthropocene epoch has witnessed the rise of right-wing populist leaders and movements that have reinforced the borders of the nation state, promoting an insular world view driven by an ideology of capitalist expansion at the expense of civic, human, non-human, environmental and ecological rights. At the same time, social movements and campaigns in countries across the global North and South are challenging the status quo, holding local and global leaders accountable. These social movements, particularly those led by students, are central to any discussion on the futures of education. This chapter focuses on student-led movements – in particular School Strikes for Climate (SS4C), Fridays for Future (FFF), Decolonizing the Curriculum and Rhodes Must Fall – that have gained transnational appeal. These movements take on the challenge of a climate and environmental crisis that is intrinsically linked to local and global hierarchical structures informed by colonialism and imperialism. These movements highlight the importance of reimagining education as decentring the human in relation to land and community, dismantling the rigid borders between formal, community and intergenerational learning, thereby redefining what is considered legitimate knowledge and engaging in a pedagogy of land through an intersectional feminist praxis that blurs the disciplinary distinctions between the humanities, natural sciences and social sciences. The chapter therefore reimagines the future of education through a critical pedagogy and feminist praxis (CPFP) where citizenship moves beyond the social contract with a nation state, inculcating civic values towards the land and its human and non-human inhabitants.
Reparative Pedagogies
Authors: Paulson Julia
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the idea of reparation through pedagogy. It draws on experiences across the Education, Justice and Memory network (EdJAM), which supports creative approaches to teaching and learning about past violence and injustice, supporting 25 projects in 13 countries led by educators, artists, activists and heritage-sector professionals. Using examples from EdJAM’s practice, the chapter describes features of reparative pedagogy as: dignifying, truth-telling, multiplicitous, responsible and creative. It illustrates these as petals of a flower; beautiful in their own right but working together to create something more. Conceptualizing pedagogy as reparative adds to theorizing around material, symbolic, epistemic and affective reparation and also recognizes the existing creative work that educators and students are doing towards reparation despite considerable odds.
Communicating Science on, to, and with Racial Minorities during Pandemics
Authors: Viana John Noel
Published: January 2024

The marginalisation experienced by racial/ethnic minorities during pandemics such as COVID-19 and SARS illustrates the importance of diversity and inclusion in science communication and public health. With the first cases of these pandemics reported in East Asia, epidemiologic and medical communication associating them with China led to racially motivated abuse and discrimination against individuals of Asian descent and appearance. Moreover, limited linguistically diverse and culturally sensitive health communication exacerbated infection rates, disease morbidity and mortality, and knowledge gaps already experienced by various culturally and linguistically diverse populations. This chapter explores scientific and medical communication during SARS in Canada and COVID-19 in Australia, two highly multicultural countries with significant Asian minority populations. It draws upon academic literature, media articles, and government reports to illustrate biases and gaps in scientific communication towards Asians and other minority ethnicities during these pandemics, and underscores how these have compounded the vulnerabilities they are already experiencing as a result of underlying health disparities and racist attitudes. It then advances the importance of communicating science to and with ethnic/racial minorities during pandemics to ensure effective and equitable outbreak control measures, discourage discrimination, and reduce mistrust in public health systems and interventions. Although communicating in multiple languages and accounting for diverse contexts and cultures are crucial, science communication during pandemics should go further and embrace a bidirectional approach wherein members of racial and ethnic minorities are empowered to co-create and lead communication efforts towards the communities of which they are part. Through democratising health communication and empowering underrepresented minority populations, we can start to address not just health disparities experienced by racial minorities but also issues of inclusivity, diversity, and representation in science communication.
Building Capacity for Science Communication in South Africa: Afrocentric Perspectives from Mathematical Scientists
Authors: Gavhi-Molefe Mpfareleni Rejoyce , Nemutudi Rudzani
Published: January 2024

Globally, the past decade has seen the proliferation of the science communication agenda across a range of platforms. In the African continent, science communication has assumed an even more critical role, particularly when viewed against the backdrop of the structural and infrastructural deficiencies that continue to hamper science and development. Thus, without the advancement of the science communication agenda, attempts at addressing pressing developmental challenges while simultaneously moulding a scientifically literate African society are doomed to fail. In South Africa, the imperative for scientists to engage actively with the broader society emerged after the country became a democracy in 1994. These engagements continue to be shaped by the pernicious legacies of apartheid, related to sociocultural, racial, and gender inequalities. This chapter argues that gaps exist between the South African government’s well-developed policy positions and the practical implementation of its scientists’ imperative to deliver, through meaningfully resourced mechanisms, a viable, sustainable, and impactful science communication agenda. This in turn raises a critical question: where are the essential ‘foot soldiers’ and associated resources for the effective and sustainable delivery of science communication activities in the South African scenario? The challenge is daunting given the pressing need to equip and grow the critical mass of South African science communicators within holistic, sociocultural, and empowering ethical frameworks. This need arises in the context of a South African science landscape that remains dominated by Eurocentric hegemonic traditions. The chapter concludes by elaborating how the capacity-building, Afrocentric programme ‘Africa Scientifique: Leadership, Knowledge & Skills for Science Communication’, delivered annually since 2020 at AIMS South Africa and in partnership with African Gong, has demonstrated the potential to address the aforementioned gaps and challenges.
Challenges of Epistemic Justice and Diversity in Science Communication in Mexico: Imperatives for Radical Re-positioning towards Transformative Contexts of Social Problem-Solving, Cultural Inclusion, and Trans-disciplinarity
Authors: Herrera-Lima Susana , Gutiérrez-Ramírez Alba Sofía
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses the key challenges currently facing the practice of science communication in Mexico, situating them in three complementary dimensions: first, those of a historical order, the origins of which date back to the period of European colonialisation, which we analyse via the concept of ‘epistemic colonialism’,the origins of which date back to the period of European colonisation. The legacy of this epistemic colonialism is demonstrated in the prevalence of imported and institutionalised types of knowledge that systematically delegitimise forms of local knowledge, particularly those associated with Indigenous populations. The chapter introduces the concept of ‘coloniality’ and the ‘coloniality of knowledge’ to address the challenges along the proposeddimensions (Quijano, 1992, 2000a). The second dimension that frames the challenges of science communication in these contexts refers to structural factors, whereby institutional frameworks define valid, reproducible, and communicable knowledge that strengthens these exclusionary conditions and practices. This dislocation is translated, in the third dimension, into practices that focus on scientific knowledge as a deproblematised object of communication, creating what Miranda Fricker (2007) has called hermeneutical injustice, or a lack of access to interpretive resources on knowledge produced and established in foreign contexts. These practices systematically delegitimise and annul localised knowledge, which has other ways of thinking and other references, and thus constitute what Fricker calls testimonial injustice; in the extreme, such practices have even been referred to as a form of epistemic violence. The chapter outlines several recommendations to address these challenges in Mexico: first, radically re-positioning science communication by shifting the centre of its interests from the brokerage of scientific knowledge itself towards addressing complex social problems that demand collectively produced knowledge, dialogue, and political action from the social actors involved and directly affected by the problems in which they are immersed. Secondly, it recommends communication practices that question the deproblematised incorporation of scientific knowledge by fostering genuine dialogue among agents in order to understand and integrate their sociocultural contexts, perspectives, visions, and values.