bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experiment Research on Storage Characteristic of PCM Storage Device by Spheres Piled Encapsulated for Vehicle Waste Heat
Authors: Zhang Tian Shi , Wang Qi Yi , Wang Guo Hua , Gao Chun , Gao Qing
Published: June 2014

For the thermal environment and the warming requirement of Vehicle, carry out experiment study on heat storage characteristic of phase change materials (PCM) encapsulated by Spherical stack. heat storage and release experiment process , changing factors such as medium flow rate and melting point which impact on PCM heat transfer characteristics , melting rate and response time have been analyzed. The results show that within the scope of experiment high medium flow rate is conducive to promote PCM melting rate and heat storage. In the experiments process, high melting point of PCM storage heat grade is high, but the low melting point of PCM is more suitable for vehicle motor, batteries in low temperature waste heat recovery. At the same time, multi-melting point PCM storage device with spheres piled encapsulated delamination mixed stowage was better satisfy the different condition of waste heat recovery and utilization than single melting point of PCM.
Computer Aided Simulation and Prototype Experiment on Nanocoated Products
Authors: Li Jeremy Zheng
Published: June 2014

The material damages in aerospace industry caused by correction can be detected in many different products including welded and bolted areas in aircraft and jet engines. The corrosion occurs when different conducted materials contact to each other in electrolyte media and different conducted materials present potential difference that causes rusting. The rusting problems in products lead both safety issues and billions of dollar loss in different businesses including aerospace industry. This paper studies the rusting mechanism and anti-corrosive coatings by applying computational simulation and prototype experiment. Both computer-aided analysis and sample testing demonstrated similar results which confirm the feasibility of analytic methodology introduced in this research paper. Keywords: Nanotechnology, computer-aided analysis, nanocoating control, anti-corrosion, simulation modeling
Tribological Wear Analysis of Laser Surface Treated Ti6Al4V Based on Volume Lost Evaluation
Authors: Vázquez-Martínez Juan Manuel , Salguero Jorge , Botana Francisco Javier , Gómez-Parra Álvaro , Fernández-Vidal Severo Raúl , Marcos Bárcena Mariano
Published: June 2014

Surface modification of materials through thermal or chemical treatments and coatings development can be used to obtain improved behavior under abrasive and adhesive wear. A great variety of surface structures with different properties can be adapted to the most demanding requirements. This is due to the high number of parameters that can be controlled in each treatment, such as the technique used, the atmosphere, the use of additive elements to the base material, the thickness of the modified layers, etc.,
In order to monitoring more accurately the wear conditions on the alloy, tribological tests were carried out that enable to control anytime the application parameters of a process, thus generating very accurate, reliable and easier to evaluate data, than industrial machining processes. One of the most significant wear variables in the study is the change in volume of material experienced by the sample after the sliding process.
This contribution aims at assessing the volume of worn material, analyzing the tribological behavior of surface treated by laser Ti6Al4V samples.
Uncertainty Estimation for the Optical System of Optical Measuring Machines
Authors: Caja Jesús , Gómez Emilio , Maresca Piera , Berzal Miguel
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the problem of optical measuring machine calibration, emphasizing the calibration of the "optical system", omitting the calibration of the "machine system". The calibration of an optical measuring machine is the first step before using the instrument for any application. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed to transform the coordinates of a point in space (3D) into coordinates of a point in an image (2D). Using this camera model, a calibration procedure has been developed using a grid distortion pattern. Finally, a procedure for calculating the uncertainty of the camera and geometric distortion parameters based on the Monte Carlo method has been developed.
Electrolyte Effect on the Surface Roughness Obtained by Electropolishing of AISI 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Núñez Pedro José , García Plaza Eustaquio , Hernando Prada Miguel , Trujillo Coronel Roberto
Published: June 2014

Electropolishing is a process for the surface finishing of metals and alloys, achieving brilliant surface finish with very low surface roughness values. The most common electrolytes for the electropolishing of stainless steel are varying concentrations of phosphoric and sulphuric acid, and occasionally additives such as chromic acid. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of three commonly used industrial electrolytes in terms of the surface finish of electropolished stainless steel. Each electrolyte had different concentrations of phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and chromic acid. The following electropolishing conditions were assessed: current density, bath temperature, electropolishing time, initial textures, and electrode positions. This study on the performance of three industrial electrolytes for the polishing of stainless steel AISI 316L revealed that adding chromic acid does not significantly enhance surface finish, and electropolishing ranges were quite similar for all three electrolytes.
Surface Quality Analysis in Selective Laser Melting with CoCrMo Powders
Authors: Pupo Yurivania , Sereno Lidia , de Ciurana Joaquim
Published: June 2014

Selective laser melting is an additive manufacturing technology mainly applied to metal powders. Objective of this work is to evaluate the surface quality of CoCrMo layer. A full factorial design of experiments was used. The experiment was performed in order to produce a standardized analysis of layer quality, which could then be compared with other standards. A decrease in scanning speed and scanning space provide better surface quality. The optimal values of energy density are between 89 and 100 J/mm3 at 50% of overlapping. At these values of energy density, Rt values are low which means that powder has melt uniform. Skewness tends to zero and the degree of kurtosis is closer to 3, which shows that the layer has good surface finish. Results shows good quality surface for 3D manufacturing parts.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Dry Drilling of PEEK GF30
Authors: Domingo Rosario , Garcia Manuel , Gomez Maria Rosa
Published: June 2014

In this work, the energy required during the dry drilling of PEEK GF30, a thermoplastic material, polyether-ether-ketone, reinforced with glass fiber, is analyzed. Three different types of drills are used, respect to material and geometry, under nine cutting conditions based on cutting speed of 6000, 7000 and 8000 rpm, and feed rate of 300, 400 and 500 mm/min. The results show that similar outcomes are obtained with two drills, one of them, wolfram carbide with coating of TiAlN and another of wolfram carbide with point of diamond. This aspect is important due to the economic advantages of the first drill respect to the second one. An analysis of variance, ANOVA, shows that the drill type is the more influent factor, and that the optimal situation can be given with drill of WC and point of diamond with the higher cutting conditions. The energy required, assigned to the torques, is superior to 98%, in each case, question that could be taken in account in the tools design.
Characterization of Metal Heating Elements for Resistance Welding of Thermoplastic Matrix Composites (PEEK)
Authors: González Ignacio , Sanz Alfredo , Fernandez Antonio
Published: June 2014

This article describes the analysis of the three types of heating metallic meshes used for the resistance welding process of thermoplastic matrix composites. The analysis of the heating that takes place in the mesh will carry to optimize the process parameters and to assure a correct joint and properties in the whole area.
Study of Organic Surfactant Sorption in Organophilic Clays
Authors: da Silva Darciely Lindalva , Ferreira Heber Sivini , da Silva Amanda Vieira , Dutra Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna
Published: June 2014

Bentonite clays, due to an immense variety of applications, are widely studied. Yet currently, organically modified bentonite clays studies have been increasing. The methods most studied involve addition of ionic or non-ionic surfactants to synthesize organophilic clays. The synthesis can be performed in two ways: by ion exchange (double replacement reaction chemistry), or by ion-dipole interaction where organic molecules are adsorbed on the surface of clay. The present work studies the sorption mechanisms of ionic and non-ionic surfactants to the surface of bentonite clays, thus making them organophilic. The results for the sorption experiments were obtained by adjusting the parameters of known mathematical models to the experimental data, the linear, and Freundlich models gave the best results for the sorption isotherms.
Purified Smectite Clays Organofilized with Ionic Surfactant for Use in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: de Figueirêdo J.M.R. , Araújo J.P. , da Silva Isabelle Albuquerque , Cartaxo Juliana Melo , Neves Gelmires Araújo , Ferreira Heber Carlos
Published: June 2014

The main bentonite reservs in Brazil are located in Boa Vista, PB. In order on widening the reserves, on the mineral production and on the consolidation of the state as the largest producer in the country, many studies have been carried out by UFCG on the clays recently discovered in the Districts of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada. This work is intended for the characterization of new deposits, for the development of natural and organofilic clays, which will be employed in oil-based drilling fluids. The characterization of the clay was done by means of the following techniques: GA, XRD, EDX, TG and TGA. For purification, a hydrocyclone was used, and in the organofilization process, the Praepagen-WB surfactant was used, in three proportions. The results suggest that the characterization is typical of bentonite. The purification process proved to be efficient and the rheological study revealed that just one of the clays is suitable for application in oil-based drilling fluids.
Formation of Spinel from Fe-Ni Coating Electrodeposited on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Ludwig Gustavo Alberto , Korb Matias Angelis , Bervian A. , Bergmann C.P. , Malfatti Célia de Fraga
Published: June 2014

Ferritic stainless steels exhibit properties, such as good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance and low cost, that are beneficial for their application as interconnects in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFC) that function at temperatures between 600°C and 800°C. However, the stainless steel corrosion resistance is attributed to the amount of Cr, which is an element that forms a chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layer, acts as an oxidation protective barrier at high temperatures, and reduces the interconnector performance due to its low electrical conductivity. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain spinel coatings from the Fe and Ni metallic alloy thermal conversion on AISI stainless steel 430 substrate produced by electrodeposition. The morphology and microstructure of the spinel films deposited on stainless steel were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and adherence analysis. The results obtained showed that the films were adherent, dense and continuous along the AISI stainless steel 430 substrate surface. In addition, the heat treatment procedure effectively produced crystalline spinels ((NiFe)3O4).
Technical Feasibility of Using Lightweight Concrete with Expanded Polystyrene in Civil Construction
Authors: Alexandre Jonas , de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , de Assis Paula e Silva Caio Lobato , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Candido Veronica Scarpini , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: June 2014

The civil construction sector is considered among one of the most polluting to the environment because of the huge amount of wastes generated in its processes. Lighter and more rational structures not only reduces the amount of waste but also decrease the final price of the buildings and thus become more accessible to lower income population. One possible solution for reducing the weight of building structures is the application of light materials to the concrete, which represents a relatively larger part of the construction cost. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the compressive resistance of a concrete using expanded polystyrene (EPS), as an addition, by replacing the sand. This addition was found to provide lightness as well as economy and flexibility to structures. However, the highest strength obtained was 8.86 MPa. According to the results, it is recommended that the use of EPS should be restricted to non-structural concretes, for which the required strength is below 20 MPa, following the standards prescribed by the regulations.
Calcination Temperature Influence on Ionic Conductivity of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Martínez Jesús Mauricio González , Winck Licurgo Borges , da Silva Cosme Roberto Moreira
Published: June 2014

The gadolinia doped ceria was developed in Ce0,8Gd0,2O1,9 composition, with the objective to study the influence of calcination temperature on the ionic conductivity of sintered samples (pellets) used as solid electrolyte for the fuel cells applications. The powder was synthesized by the polymeric precursor method (Pechini) from cerium and gadolinium nitrates hexahydrates, obtaining a polymeric resin characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The heat treatments at 600 and 800°C resulted on oxides formation which have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for each sample. In each case, the fluorite type structure was identified. The pellets were formed by uniaxial pressure and sintered at 1500°C with relative densities of 93.1 and 89.4% for the samples calcined at 600 and 800°C, respectively. The microstructure evaluation was performed by scanning electron microscopy, and the electrical characterization was carried out by impedance spectroscopy, reaching a conductivity of 1.49x10-4 S/cm at 400°C in this work.
Use of Construction Waste to the Mass Manufacture of Clay Products
Authors: de Almeida Luciana Lezira Pereira , Pereira Vivian Ferreira , Ramos Izabel de Souza , Chrispim Zélia Maria Peixoto
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to use the waste in the construction ceramic, because it does not degrade in nature due to its chemical composition and a contribution to the reduction of this waste in landfills and visual pollution. Thus, a sample of this material was selected so that their characteristics regarding chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis could be studied. Mixtures were prepared containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of waste, and sintered at a temperature of 850 ° C. After water absorption, linear shrinkage and mechanical strength tests were performed. The physical-mechanical properties were determined according to the% of waste added. The results revealed a series of phase transformations during sintering. Moreover, the sintered bodies containing residual construction are likely use in red ceramic, contributing to waste minimization and self-sustained development.
Coarse Aggregates Obtained from Red Mud via Pelletizing Process
Authors: Isaias Luiz Franscisco , Furlan Luana Spricigo , Pelisser Fernando , Peterson Michael , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , de Noni Agenor
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was the obtaining coarse aggregate from red mud (RM) focused on the processing properties. RM and two clays (A and B) were selected from Pará state (Brazil) and characterized by XRD, XRF and HSM. Six compositions were planned by mixture design. RM amount varied from 80 to 100wt%. Compositions were pelletized in a pelletizer disc, resulting test pieces of 4 to 19 mm (diameter). Firing temperatures ranged from 1150 to 1190 oC and holding time from 15 to 90 min. Pelletizing humidity, dry friability, water absorption, and apparent density were determined. Clays A and B presented clay mineral content about 67 and 12 wt%, quartz 25 and 82wt%, respectively. The higher clay mineral contents the smaller dry friability and water absorption. Appropriated clay mineral contents and firing parameters is needed in order to satisfy processing and final properties requirements, being possible to obtain aggregates from pelletizing process.
Influence of Waste Glass on the Physical Properties of Portland Cement Concrete
Authors: Miranda Jr. Edson Jansen Pedrosa , Paiva A.E.M. , Rodrigues Ermerson Ney Leite
Published: June 2014

A differential feature of this work was the use of a type of glass that is little used as fine aggregate in concrete – flat glass powder. This study involved an analysis of the influence of the incorporation of waste glass from the grinding and polishing operations of the glass heat treatment process on the void content, water absorption (W/A) and specific gravity of Portland cement concrete. The coarse and fine aggregates used here were crushed stone and sand, respectively. The concrete was produced using 5%, 10% and 20% of waste glass in place of sand, and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.50, 0.55 and 0.58. The test specimens were cured for 28 days. The results indicated a reduction in the void content when the percentage of waste glass increased to w/c ratios of 0.55 and 0.58. The reduction of the void content reduced the concrete’s W/A and increased its specific gravity. The waste glass used in this study shows a promising potential for use as fine aggregate in Portland cement concrete. However, other variables must be taken into consideration in the subsequent publications.
Relevance of Ornamental Stone Residues in the Manufacture of Concrete Blocks for Structural Masonry
Authors: de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Alexandre Jonas , Xavier Gustavo de Castro , Candido Veronica Scarpini , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes
Published: June 2014

The civil construction industry in Brazil is an ever growing sector with relevant participation in the country’s economy. On the other hand, this sector, technically, is among those that generate the largest amount of undesirable rejects, waste and residues. Some of these residues are highly detrimental to the environment not only because of landscape degradation but also the possibility of pollution to rivers and lakes as well as ground waters. A typical example is that of the ornamental stone industry, which generates granite and marble residues from the several processing stages. Therefore the aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of direct addition of this kind of residues in concrete blocks for different applications in housing masonry. It was found that blocks added with 20 wt% of residue possess relatively higher compression strength in association with convenient water absorption below those presented by residue-free traditional blocks.
Organic Binder Burnout in Alumina Processing
Authors: Trindade Willian , de Matos Chagas Carlos Frederico , Gomes Alaelson Vieira , Louro Luis Henrique Leme
Published: June 2014

Incomplete binder removal may introduce severe defects during ceramic processing. This work presents a new method to eliminate polyethylene glycol used as a binder in pre-sintering steps of alumina parts. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by density and pore size measurements, as well as thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), volumetric physical adsorption analyzer (BET), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the new method, although relatively slow in comparison with traditional procedures, yields smaller pore sizes and better mechanical properties of the final products.
Number sense of final year pre-service primary school teachers
Authors: Courtney-Clarke Magret , Wessels Helena
Published: June 2014

Number sense studies have indicated that the development of number sense should be the focus of primary school mathematics education. The literature review revealed that learner performance is linked to teacher subject knowledge and that teachers’ confidence in doing and teaching mathematics influences the way they teach and their willingness to learn mathematics. This study was motivated by the poor performance of Namibian primary school learners in both national and international standardised assessment tests and explored the number sense of 47 final-year primary school pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Namibia. The data in this mixed method research design were obtained from a number sense questionnaire, a written computations questionnaire, a mental calculations questionnaire and the McAnallen confidence in mathematics and mathematics teaching survey (MCMMTS). Six PSTs, randomly selected from the 47 participants, were interviewed to determine their use of number-sensible strategies. The overall results of this investigation revealed that the final year primary school PSTs demonstrated limited number sense and possessed very few of the indicators of number sense. Unexpectedly, the confidence survey showed that they were confident in their ability to do and to teach mathematics. This study exposed one reason for the low standards of performance of Namibian learners in mathematics and the lack of improvement over the last few decades. It indicates a need for teacher training institutions to identify the mathematics that teachers should know and the ways in which teacher understanding of subject content has to be transformed to enable them to develop the number sense of primary school learners.
Corticosteroids in oncology: An overview
Authors: Luigi Moretti
Published: June 2014

Corticosteroids play an important role in clinical oncology, and they may be used alone or in combination with other treatments in the therapy of cancer patients. Commonly they may be used to decrease inflammations. In this overview, by discussions on the applications of corticosteroids that are mainly used in oncology, we suggest that careful use of Corticosteroids is required and the balance between risks and benefits should always be considered in clinical oncology.
Five-Year Medical and Pharmacy Costs after a Medically Supervised Intensive Treatment Program for Obesity
Authors: Myers Valerie H. , McVay Megan Apperson , Brashear Meghan M. , Johnson William D. , Gupta Alok K. , Brantley Phillip J. , Ryan Donna H.
Published: June 2014

Purpose.

The financial impact of intensive medical interventions for weight loss has not been fully studied.

Design.

A randomized pragmatic clinical trial.

Setting.

Seven primary care clinics and one research center in Louisiana.

Subjects.

Severely obese individuals (body mass index 40–60 kg/m2) randomized to usual care (n = 190) or intensive medical management (n = 200). Forty-seven percent of participants completed year 2 follow-up and were included in the analyses.

Intervention.

Physician-monitored intervention with recommendations for 12 weeks of liquid diet followed by 4 months of group behavioral therapy, structured diet, and option of pharmacotherapy, and an additional 16 months of maintenance strategies. Measures. Two-year preintervention and 5-year postintervention measures were computed from claims data and included (1) medical costs excluding pharmacy, (2) pharmacy costs only, (3) total medical and pharmacy costs, and (4) medical and pharmacy subcategory costs.

Analysis.

Differential categories for preintervention and postintervention were created using total sample 75th percentiles. Chi-square tests were employed to compare the intervention groups both preintervention and postintervention with respect to the proportion of subjects above the 75th percentile for each of the cost categories.

Results.

Medical costs excluding pharmacy did not differ between groups. The intensive medical intervention group had a significantly smaller percentage of subjects above the 75th percentile for pharmacy costs only (p = .0125), and for antidiabetic agents (p = .0464), antihypertensives (p = .0075), and dyslipidemic subcategories (p = .0197).

Conclusion.

An intensive medical intervention may reduce pharmaceutical expenditures in severely obese individuals. These results must be viewed with caution given the high attrition of study participants.
Editor's Notes
Authors: O'Donnell Michael P.
Published: June 2014

This systematic review of the literature on the financial impact of workplace health promotion programs is the most extensive and well-conceived review conducted to date. It illustrates that the return on investment (ROI) from programs differs based on the quality of the methodology used to evaluate it, with 68 different ROIs depending how the published studies are sliced and diced. The review does consider the impact of program quality on ROI, in part because we have no established standards of program quality.
The sensitivity of GNSS measurements in Fennoscandia to distinct three-dimensional upper-mantle structures
Authors: Steffen H. , Wu P.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The sensitivity of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements in Fennoscandia to nearby viscosity variations in the upper mantle is investigated using a 3-D finite element model of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Based on the lateral viscosity structure inferred from seismic tomography and the location of the ice margin at the last glacial maximum (LGM), the GIA earth model is subdivided into four layers, where each of them contains an amalgamation of about 20 blocks of different shapes in the central area. The sensitivity kernels of the three velocity components at 10 selected GNSS stations are then computed for all the blocks. We find that GNSS stations within the formerly glaciated area are most sensitive to mantle viscosities below and in its near proximity, i.e., within about 250 km in general. However, this can be as large as 1000 km if the stations lie near the center of uplift. The sensitivity of all stations to regions outside the ice margin during the LGM is generally negligible. In addition, it is shown that prominent structures in the second (250–450 km depth) and third layers (450–550 km depth) of the upper mantle may be readily detected by GNSS measurements, while the viscosity in the first mantle layer below the lithosphere (70–250 km depth) along the Norwegian coast, which is related to lateral lithospheric thickness variation there, can also be detected but with limited sensitivity. For future investigations on the lateral viscosity structure, preference should be on GNSS stations within the LGM ice margin. But these stations can be grouped into clusters to improve the inference of viscosity in a specific area. However, the GNSS measurements used in such inversion should be weighted according to their sensitivity. Such weighting should also be applied when they are used in combination with other GIA data (e.g., relative sea-level and gravity data) for the inference of mantle viscosity.
Future Antarctic bed topography and its implications for ice sheet dynamics
Authors: Adhikari S. , Ivins E. R. , Larour E. , Seroussi H. , Morlighem M. , Nowicki S.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The Antarctic bedrock is evolving as the solid Earth responds to the past and ongoing evolution of the ice sheet. A recently improved ice loading history suggests that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has generally been losing its mass since the Last Glacial Maximum. In a sustained warming climate, the AIS is predicted to retreat at a greater pace, primarily via melting beneath the ice shelves. We employ the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) capability of the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) to combine these past and future ice loadings and provide the new solid Earth computations for the AIS. We find that past loading is relatively less important than future loading for the evolution of the future bed topography. Our computations predict that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) may uplift by a few meters and a few tens of meters at years AD 2100 and 2500, respectively, and that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely to remain unchanged or subside minimally except around the Amery Ice Shelf. The Amundsen Sea Sector in particular is predicted to rise at the greatest rate; one hundred years of ice evolution in this region, for example, predicts that the coastline of Pine Island Bay will approach roughly 45 mm yr−1 in viscoelastic vertical motion. Of particular importance, we systematically demonstrate that the effect of a pervasive and large GIA uplift in the WAIS is generally associated with the flattening of reverse bed slope, reduction of local sea depth, and thus the extension of grounding line (GL) towards the continental shelf. Using the 3-D higher-order ice flow capability of ISSM, such a migration of GL is shown to inhibit the ice flow. This negative feedback between the ice sheet and the solid Earth may promote stability in marine portions of the ice sheet in the future.
Bilateral periorbital ecchymoses
Authors: Alberio L. , Biasiutti F. , Lämmle B. , Colucci G.
Published: June 2014

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a systemic disease caused by a plasma cell clone synthesizing an unstable light chain, which forms amyloid fibrils. Deposition of amyloid fibrils affects primarily kidney, heart, nervous system, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Skin bleeding in these patients is called amyloid purpura. Classically, it occurs spontaneously and bilaterally in the periorbital region. Vessel wall fragility and damage by amyloid are the principal causes of periorbital and gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, coagulation factor inhibitory circulating paraprotein, hyperfibrinolysis, platelet dysfunction or isolated acquired factor X deficiency may contribute to even more severe, diffuse bleedings.

Early diagnosis remains essential for improvsis. Although pictures of amyloid purpura have been often reported in the literature, the clinical diagnosis may be delayed. We report a case of cutaneous manifestation of AL amyloi-dosis diagnosed not until one year after the appearance of the first symptoms. Diagnostic work-up revealed that the patient suffered from multiple myeloma with secondary AL amyloidosis. Atraumatic ecchymoses at the face, particularly the eyelids as well as in the neck should raise the suspicion of AL amyloi-dosis.
A Markov Random Field Model for the Restoration of Foggy Images
Authors: Guo Fan , Tang Jin , Peng Hui
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an algorithm to remove fog from a single image using a Markov random field (MRF) framework. The method estimates the transmission map of an image degradation model by assigning labels with a MRF model and then optimizes the map estimation process using the graph cut-based α-expansion technique. The algorithm employs two steps. Initially, the transmission map is estimated using a dedicated MRF model combined with a bilateral filter. Next, the restored image is obtained by taking the estimated transmission map and the ambient light into the image degradation model to recover the scene radiance. The algorithm is controlled by just a few parameters that are automatically determined by a feedback mechanism. Results from a wide variety of synthetic and real foggy images demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and robust, yielding high-contrast and vivid defogging images. In addition to image defogging, surveillance video defogging based on a universal strategy and the application of a transmission map are also implemented.
Les manifestes à l’Oulipo
Authors: Bloomfield Camille
Published: June 2014

L’article étudie les trois manifestes de l’Oulipo (« La Lipo [Le premier manifeste] », « Le second manifeste », et « Troisième manifeste. Prolégomènes à toute littérature future »), à l’aune du lien existant entre leur date de publication et le positionnement du groupe dans le champ littéraire. Pour ce faire, cette étude resitue ces textes dans une perspective plus large, celle de l’histoire des manifestes du XXe siècle, et permet notamment de constater l’anachronisme que suppose la publication du troisième à une époque où l’on produit moins de manifestes. Publié a posteriori dans une anthologie de poésie, ce dernier relègue, par là même, le genre du manifeste au statut de document historique.
Le manifeste sous l’emprise de la fiction
Authors: Tjell Mette
Published: June 2014

L’article interrogera l’usage des codes du genre manifestaire dans deux fictions contemporaines françaises, Le Caoutchouc décidément d’Éric Chevillard (1992) et Le Post-exotisme en dix leçons, leçon onze d’Antoine Volodine (1998). Si, dans le cadre fictionnel, le discours manifestaire semble replié sur lui-même et n’avoir qu’une portée limitée, on montrera, à travers une analyse textuelle croisée, que ce procédé auto-représentatif et auto-théorisant implique dans ces fictions un nouveau type de discours légitimant : en effet, les auteurs y « proclament » une esthétique qui définit leur projet d’écriture, tout en se construisant une position singulière dans l’espace littéraire.
L’« art numérique »
Authors: Paillard Célio
Published: June 2014

Y a-t-il encore des manifestes à l’époque contemporaine, alors que le postmodernisme a décrété la fin des avant-gardes ? En étudiant la formation de l’« art numérique » et en cherchant à définir ce qui le distingue du reste du monde de l’art, l’on se demandera si un ensemble de discours et de pratiques artistiques peuvent produire un « effet de manifeste » et ainsi contribuer à la création, à la légitimation et à la régulation d’un monde de l’art spécifique (au sens où l’entendait H. S. Becker). On verra alors comment cet ensemble peut participer à la stratégie de visibilité des artistes, ou être écarté lorsqu’il risque d’être inutilement clivant.
Manart : une base de données sur les manifestes artistiques et littéraires au XXe siècle
Authors: Birolli Viviana , Bloomfield Camille , Tjell Mette , Ziane Audrey
Published: June 2014

Ce texte vise à présenter la base de données Manart, un outil à vocation participative et à large spectre qui a pour objectif de recenser les manifestes artistiques produits au XXe siècle dans tous les domaines de l’expression créative sans se limiter à un espace géographique précis. La mise sur pied de cette ressource est notamment le fruit d’une journée d’études interdisciplinaires ayant porté sur le manifeste artistique contemporain, organisée à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS). En plus de susciter nombre d’interrogations, la base permet, par exemple, de mener des études statistiques et de dégager des pistes de réflexion susceptibles de conduire à une définition et à une analyse du genre manifestaire, tout en favorisant la collaboration.
Ressenya a Francisco M. Gimeno Blay, El Compromiso de Caspe (1412). Diario del Proceso, Saragossa, Institución Fernando el Católico, 2012
Authors: Campos Perales Agustí
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Francisco M. Gimeno Blay, El Compromiso de Caspe (1412). Diario del Proceso, Saragossa, Institución Fernando el Católico, 2012, 495 pp. I.S.B.N.: 978-84-9911-174-2
Medicina i religió a la Baixa Edat Mitjana: la justificació mèdica de les pràctiques penitencials en els sermons de sant Vicent Ferrer
Authors: Ferragud Domingo Carmel
Published: June 2014

Resum: És ben conegut que Vicent Ferrer va ser un fervorós partidari de pràctiques penitencials rigoroses, com ara els dejunis, la vigília i, sobretot, la disciplina fins l’efusió de sang. La companyia que el seguia practicava totes aquestes penitències, seguint les instruccions del predicador. Especialment significativa i polèmica era la seua adhesió a les virtuts espirituals del cilici i el flagell, utilitzats per ell mateix i pels seus seguidors. Enfront de les demandes i protestes, especialment de clergues, pel dany per a la salut que aquestes pràctiques suposaven, Ferrer va utilitzar tot un seguit d’arguments mèdics i filosòfics inspirats en el galenisme i l’aristotelisme, per tal de justificar la penitència com a un element que, lluny de perjudicar, beneficiava la salut espiritual i corporal del cristià. Paraules clau: sermons, Vicent Ferrer, galenisme, aliments, penitència  Abstract: It is well known that Vincent Ferrer was a fervent supporter of rigorous penitential practices such as fasting, vigil, and especially the discipline to bloodshed. The company that followed him practiced all these penances, with the instructions of the preacher. It was particularly significant and controversial his adherence to spiritual virtues of the scourge and sackcloth, used by himself and his followers. Faced with demands and protests, especially by clerics, about the damage to health of these practices, Ferrer used a series of medical and philosophical arguments inspired in Galenism and Aristotelism, to justify penance as an element that, far from harm, produced physical and spiritual health benefits for the Christian.  Keywords: sermons, Vincent Ferrer, galenism, foods, penance
Ressenya a Emiilio Callado Estela, Mujeres en clausura. El convento de Santa María Magdalena de Valencia. València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2014
Authors: Esponera Cerdán Alfonso
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Emilio Callado Estela, Mujeres en clausura. El convento de Santa María Magdalena de Valencia,Valencia, Universitat de València, 2014, 330 pp.  ISBN: 978-84-370-9167-9
Ressenya a Abel Soler, El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la doncella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”. 2 vols. València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2014
Authors: Fuertes Zapata Joan Vicent
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Soler, Abel (2014), El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”. 2 vols. València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2014, 981 pp. ISBN 978-84-7822-639-9
Decrease in sexual risk behaviours after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a 24‐month prospective study in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jean Kévin , Gabillard Delphine , Moh Raoul , Danel Christine , Desgrées‐du‐Loû Annabel , N'takpe Jean‐Baptiste , Le Carrou Jérôme , Badjé Anani , Eholié Serge , Lert France , Anglaret Xavier , Dray‐Spira Rosemary
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation could impact sexual risk behaviours remains to be documented. We aimed to investigate changes in sexual behaviours within the 24 months following an early versus standard ART initiation in HIV‐positive adults with high CD4 counts.

Methods

We used data from a prospective behavioural study nested in a randomized controlled trial of early ART (Temprano‐ANRS12136). Time trends in sexual behaviours from enrolment in the trial (M0) to 12‐month (M12) and 24‐month (M24) visits were measured and compared, using Generalized Estimating Equations models, between participants randomly assigned either to initiate ART immediately (early ART) or to defer ART initiation until on‐going WHO starting criteria are met (standard ART). Indicators of sexual behaviours included 1) sexual activity in the past year, 2) multiple partnership in the past year, 3) unprotected sex at last intercourse and 4) risky sex (i.e. unprotected sex with a partner of HIV negative/unknown status) at last intercourse.

Results

Analyses included 1952 participants (975 with early ART and 977 with standard ART; overall median baseline CD4 count: 469/mm3). Among participants with early ART, significant decreases were found between M0 and M24 in sexual activity (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 0.57–0.92), multiple partnership (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.79), unprotected sex (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47–0.75) and risky sex (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.76). Among participants with standard ART, sexual behaviours showed similar trends over time. These decreases mostly occurred within the 12 months following enrolment in the trial in both groups and prior to ART initiation in participants with standard ART. For unprotected sex and risky sex, decreases were or tended to be more pronounced among patients reporting that their last sexual partner was non‐cohabiting.

Conclusions

In these sub‐Saharan adults with high CD4 counts, entry into HIV care, rather than ART initiation, resulted in decreased sexual activity and risky sexual behaviours. We did not observe any evidence of a risk compensation phenomenon associated with early ART initiation. These results illustrate the potential behavioural preventive effect of early entry into care, which goes hand in hand with early ART initiation.
Online Civic Activism: Where Does It Fit?
Authors: Freelon Deen
Published: June 2014

This is a response to the article by Ethan Zuckerman “New Media, New Civics?” published in this issue of Policy & Internet (2014: vol. 6, issue 2). Dissatisfaction with existing governments, a broad shift to “post‐representative democracy” and the rise of participatory media are leading toward the visibility of different forms of civic participation. Zuckerman's article offers a framework to describe participatory civics in terms of theories of change used and demands places on the participant, and examines some of the implications of the rise of participatory civics, including the challenges of deliberation in a diverse and competitive digital public sphere. Deen Freelon responds.
Civic Identity and the Question of Organization in Contemporary Civic Engagement
Authors: Wells Chris
Published: June 2014

This is a response to the article by Ethan Zuckerman “New Media, New Civics?” published in this issue of Policy & Internet (2014: vol. 6, issue 2). Dissatisfaction with existing governments, a broad shift to “post‐representative democracy” and the rise of participatory media are leading toward the visibility of different forms of civic participation. Zuckerman's article offers a framework to describe participatory civics in terms of theories of change used and demands places on the participant, and examines some of the implications of the rise of participatory civics, including the challenges of deliberation in a diverse and competitive digital public sphere. Chris Wells responds.
New Problems, New Publics? Dewey and New Media
Authors: Farrell Henry
Published: June 2014

This is a response to the article by Ethan Zuckerman “New Media, New Civics?” published in this issue of Policy & Internet (2014: vol. 6, issue 2). Dissatisfaction with existing governments, a broad shift to “post‐representative democracy” and the rise of participatory media are leading toward the visibility of different forms of civic participation. Zuckerman's article offers a framework to describe participatory civics in terms of theories of change used and demands places on the participant, and examines some of the implications of the rise of participatory civics, including the challenges of deliberation in a diverse and competitive digital public sphere. Henry Farrell responds.
How will increases in rainfall intensity affect semiarid ecosystems?
Authors: Siteur Koen , Eppinga Maarten B. , Karssenberg Derek , Baudena Mara , Bierkens Marc F.P. , Rietkerk Max
Published: June 2014

Model studies suggest that semiarid ecosystems with patterned vegetation can respond in a nonlinear way to climate change. This means that gradual changes can result in a rapid transition to a desertified state. Previous model studies focused on the response of patterned semiarid ecosystems to changes in mean annual rainfall. The intensity of rain events, however, is projected to change as well in the coming decades. In this paper, we study the effect of changes in rainfall intensity on the functioning of patterned semiarid ecosystems with a spatially explicit model that captures rainwater partitioning and runoff‐runon processes with simple event‐based process descriptions. Analytical and numerical analyses of the model revealed that rainfall intensity is a key parameter in explaining patterning of vegetation in semiarid ecosystems as low mean rainfall intensities do not allow for vegetation patterning to occur. Surprisingly, we found that, for a constant annual rainfall rate, both an increase and a decrease in mean rainfall intensity can trigger desertification. An increase negatively affects productivity as a greater fraction of the rainwater is lost as runoff. This can result in a shift to a bare desert state only if the mean rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of bare soil. On the other hand, a decrease in mean rainfall intensity leads to an increased fraction of rainwater infiltrating in bare soils, remaining unavailable to plants. Our findings suggest that considering rainfall intensity as a variable may help in assessing the proximity to regime shifts in patterned semiarid ecosystems and that monitoring losses of resource through runoff and bare soil infiltration could be used to determine ecosystem resilience.
Application of active spaceborne remote sensing for understanding biases between passive cloud water path retrievals
Authors: Lebsock Matthew , Su Hui
Published: June 2014

Bias between the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR‐E) version 2 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 5.1 cloud liquid water path (Wc) products are explored with the aid of coincident active observations from the CloudSat radar and the CALIPSO lidar. In terms of detection, the active observations provide precise separation of cloudy from clear sky and precipitating from nonprecipitating clouds. In addition, they offer a unique quantification of precipitation water path (Wp) in warm clouds. They also provide an independent quantification of Wc that is based on an accurate surface reference technique, which is an independent arbiter between the two passive approaches. The results herein establish the potential for CloudSat and CALIPSO to provide an independent assessment of bias between the conventional passive remote sensing methods from reflected solar and emitted microwave radiation. After applying a common data filter to the observations to account for sampling biases, AMSR‐E is biased high relative to MODIS in the global mean by 26.4 gm−2. The RMS difference in the regional patterns is 32.4 gm−2, which highlights a large geographical dependence in the bias which is related to the tropical transitions from stratocumulus to cumulus cloud regimes. The contributions of four potential sources for this bias are investigated by exploiting the active observations: (1) bias in MODIS related to solar zenith angle dependence accounts for −2.3 gm−2, (2) bias in MODIS due to undersampling of cloud edges accounts for 4.2 gm−2, (3) a wind speed and water vapor‐dependent “clear‐sky biase” in the AMSR‐E retrieval accounts for 6.3 gm−2, and (4) evidence suggests that much of the remaining 18 gm−2 bias is related to the assumed partitioning of the observed emission signal between cloud and precipitation water in the AMSR‐E retrieval. This is most evident through the correlations between the regional mean patterns of Wp and the Wc bias within the latitudes of 30°N and 30°S, suggesting that the assumption of a regionally invariant cloud/precipitation partitioning in the AMSR‐E algorithm is the likely causal factor.