bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical hydro-climatic responses to global warming and solar radiation modification in the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Du Hongrong , Tan Mou Leong , Xia Lili , Tew Yi Lin , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: February 2025

Solar radiation modification (SRM) is a potential strategy to rapidly mitigate global warming by reflecting more sunlight into space. However, its impact on tropical hydrological cycles remains underexplored. This study investigates the potential effects of SRM on streamflow in the Kelantan River Basin (KRB) by incorporating climate projections from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (GeoMIP6) into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool plus (SWAT+) model. Results indicate that UKESM1-0-LL and MPI-ESM1-2-LR exhibit higher uncertainty in representing KRB's climate compared to CNRM-ESM2-1 and IPSL-CM6A-LR. Under SSP5-8.5, maximum and minimum temperatures are projected to increase by up to 3.52 °C by the late 21st century, while SRM scenarios may limit warming to 1.72-2.33 °C, similar to 1.96-2.22 °C under SSP2-4.5. The multi-model ensemble mean projected an inverse V-shaped trend in annual precipitation, with a peak in the mid-21st century before declining, except for G6sulfur, which exhibits a steady decrease. Increases in monthly precipitation from November to January during the 2045-2064 period under all evaluated scenarios may intensify flooding in the KRB. Meanwhile, decreases in streamflow during dry months are projected for the periods 2045-2064 and 2065-2085 under G6sulfur, particularly in the middle and upper basins.
Studying the prevalence, characteristics and consequences of smoking traditional and electronic cigarettes among university students
Authors:   Penza State University, V. Lukyanova Marina , A. Chernova Angelina ,   Penza State University, S. Kozin Anton ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. Smoking is an undisputed risk factor for a number of chronic diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Despite a number of measures taken to limit the availability of tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems are becoming increasingly popular, the effects of which on the body have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the research was to study the prevalence, characteristics, and impact on health of smoking traditional and electronic cigarettes among students of Penza State University. Materials and methods. Using a standard anonymous questionnaire, a survey was conducted among 294 third-year students of the Penza Medical University aged 19 to 27 years: 244 students at the Faculty of Medicine and 50 students at the Faculty of Law. Results. More smokers were studying at the Faculty of Law compared to students at the Faculty of Medicine. When comparing the number of smokers among boys and girls at different faculties, no significant differences were found. The average smoking history was 3.2 years. However, regardless of length of service and type of cigarettes used, smokers are more likely to suffer from respiratory infections than non-smoking students. The appearance of such a respiratory symptom as cough with sputum was more often observed in students who had been smoking for more than five years compared to smokers with less experience. Conclusions. Smoking is more common among law students The majority of students surveyed prefer electronic cigarettes, almost the third reason for switching to classic smoking. Students who smoke are more likely to suffer from respiratory infections and report a cough with sputum, which is the earliest symptom of lung damage.
Análise de planejamento pedagógico com uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação com base na taxonomia de bloom
Authors:   , Soares Samia Magaly Lima de Medeiros
Published: February 2025

A tecnologia causou mudanças em vários segmentos da sociedade, campo,
cidade, empresas, escolas etc. As crianças, desde cedo utilizam as tecnologias digitais,
na maioria das vezes, sem a intermediação de um adulto. Os professores nesse cenário
tecnológico, precisaram adaptar novas formas de ensinar, inserindo os recursos
tecnológicos nas atividades cotidianas com vistas a garantir o aprendizado do aluno.
Dessa forma, com o advento das TIC´s na educação, reitera-se a necessidade de
adaptação de novas maneiras de ensinar e aprender, exigindo do professor um novo
papel frente ao uso das tecnologias em sala de aula. Para isso, o planejamento é
essencial, pois a aprendizagem implica na necessidade de ações que guiem o professor
no intuito de atingir as metas. Uma das teorias que podem guiar o professor nas
definições das metas é a Taxonomia de Bloom. A taxonomia apresenta, nesse aspecto,
uma abordagem voltada para o desenvolvimento de capacidades e habilidades para
atingir objetivos predeterminados pelo planejamento. O estudo parte então da seguinte
questão problematizadora: Qual a relação existente entre os fundamentos de Bloom e o
planejamento pedagógico com uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC)
em sala de aula? Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o planejamento pedagógico
conforme a taxonomia dos objetivos educacionais – Taxonomia de Bloom identificando os
níveis de complexidade trabalhados. Para que não haja improviso das ações
educacionais, é necessário um planejamento que seja elaborado tendo como foco os
objetivos para o ensino. Para responder tal problemática, utiliza-se a abordagem
metodológica de cunho qualitativo, tendo como fundamentações teóricas principais a
taxonomia de Bloom (1977), a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) - MEC (2018), a
didática Libâneo (1994) e a utilização de recursos tecnológicos no ensino Moran (2000). A
pesquisa buscou através da realidade local, investigar três escolas públicas da educação
básica situadas no município de Mossoró/RN, por serem instituições com índices de
qualidades disponíveis e possuir recursos tecnológicos como: computadores, projetor,
lousa digital, dentre outros. Os resultados apontam a interligação existente entre os
princípios da Taxonomia, as competências da BNCC e as TICs no planejamento.
Considera-se que, a integração consciente da tecnologia por parte do professor pode
potencializar a conquista de capacidades e habilidades dos alunos
Inconsistent Protein Stability Despite Pre-HECT Domain Helix: Unveiling Variability in HECT Ligases
Authors: Dağ Çağdaş , Tozkoparan Ceylan Cansu Deniz , Cansız Cemre Sare
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like systems play crucial roles across a wide
range of organisms, from simple to complex. Among the three enzyme-mediated post-translational
modification (PTM) steps, the ligation step is the most critical. HERC5, a member of the HECT
ligase family, is one of the three enzymes involved in the ISGylation system. However, the precise
start points and lengths of the HECT domains in HECT ligases are still under debate.

Method:

Some studies suggest the inclusion of an additional N-terminal alpha helix region within
the HECT domain. To investigate the structural biology of the HECT domain of HERC5, we produced
and purified various lengths of the HERC5 HECT domain using different fusion proteins.
This approach allowed us to explore the role of the N-terminal alpha helix in the stability of the
HECT domain. Our experiments successfully produced and purified HERC5 HECT domains of
different lengths with various fusion proteins.

Result:

The findings demonstrated that the N-terminal alpha-helix does not enhance the stability
of the HECT domain. These results challenge the notion that the N-terminal alpha-helix should be
generally included in the HECT domain across all HECT ligases.

Conclusion:

The inclusion of this region within the HECT domain may not be appropriate for generalization,
as it does not contribute to stability, contrary to some previous suggestions.

conclusion:

These results challenge the notion that the N-terminal alpha helix should be generally included in the HECT domain across all HECT ligases. The inclusion of this region within the HECT domain may not be appropriate for generalization, as it does not contribute to stability, contrary to some previous suggestions.
Epigenetics Modulators as Therapeutics for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Gaba Mansi , Sharma Ashwani , Chitranshi Nitin , Kumar Girish , Virmani Reshu , Virmani Tarun , Gugulothu Dalapathi
Published: February 2025

Epigenetics mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and cellular function in
the development and progression of neurological disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of
these epigenetic processes contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation,
histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, significantly impact neural plasticity. The use of epigenetic
modulators, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, offers a promising strategy
to correct and modify aberrant epigenetic marks, potentially restoring neurological homeostasis. This review
highlights recent research findings from ongoing clinical trials and the potential benefits and challenges
of epigenetic therapies for neurological disorders. We discuss the capacity of these interventions to potentially
halt or reverse disease progression, their targeted nature, and their neuroprotective effects. Additionally, we address
the hurdles facing the field, including issues of specificity, delivery, and long-term efficacy.
Advances in Machine Learning Models for Healthcare Applications: A Precise and Patient-Centric Approach
Authors: Parashar Bhumika , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , . Kalpana , Malviya Rishabha , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Uniyal Prerna
Published: February 2025

Background:

Healthcare is rapidly leveraging machine learning to enhance patient care, streamline
operations, and address complex medical issues. Though ethical issues, model efficiency, and algorithmic bias
exist, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted its usefulness in disease outbreak prediction and treatment optimization.

Aim:

This article aims to discuss machine learning applications, benefits, and the ethical and practical challenges
in healthcare.

Discussion:

Machine learning assists in diagnosis, patient monitoring, and epidemic prediction but faces challenges
like algorithmic bias and data quality. Overcoming these requires high-quality data, impartial algorithms,
and model monitoring.

Conclusion:

Machine learning might revolutionize healthcare by making it more efficient and better for patients.
Full acceptance and the advancement of technologies to improve health outcomes on a global scale depend
on resolving ethical, practical, and technological concerns.
Mechanism of Astragaloside IV in Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Zhu Yao , Lin Chengyu , Zhang Xudong , Qiu Zuyun , Shi Lei , Li Jianmin
Published: February 2025

Background:

This study focuses on exploring the impact of Astragaloside
IV [AS-IV] on osteogenic differentiation.

Methods:

Osteogenic differentiation was induced in rat osteoblasts, following which
treatment with AS-IV at varied doses was performed. Using Alizarin red staining and
alkaline phosphatase [ALP] detection assay, the osteogenic differentiation of the cells
was investigated. The expressions of osteogenic differentiation-related genes were
determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR]. The
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]/protein kinase B [Akt] signaling pathwayassociated
protein expressions were examined using Western blot. After osteoblasts
were transfected with protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2]
overexpression plasmid, the impact of PTPN2 on osteoblasts treated with AS-IV was
examined.

Results:

AS-IV treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation and up-regulated the
expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, as well as the levels of p-
PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, while reducing PTEN protein production in osteoblasts.
Overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN] inhibited osteogenic
differentiation, and PTPN2 overexpression counteracted the effects of AS-IV on
osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusion:

AS-IV contributing to osteogenic differentiation may be related to the
PTPN2-mediated PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
WISP3/CCN6 Adipocytokine Marker in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its Association with Some Risk Factors
Authors: Alsaedi Hayder Zeyad Raheemah , Dashti Nasrin , Fadaei Reza , Moradi Nariman , Naeini Farinaz Baghaei , Afrisham Reza
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

CCN6/WISP3 is a member of the CCN adipokines family that can exert
multiple effects on metabolic pathways. So far, the function of CCN6 in the pathogenesis of
NAFLD has not been known well. Hence, we aimed to examine CCN6 serum levels in patients
with NAFLD compared to healthy individuals and its association with some risk factors for the first
time.

Method:

This case-control study measured serum levels of CCN6, TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin, and
fasting insulin using ELISA kits in 88 NAFLD patients and 88 controls. In addition, other biochemical
variables, including AST, ALT, lipid profiles, and FBG, were determined using an Auto analyzer
instrument.

Results:

A remarkable decrease in CCN6 levels was found in the NAFLD patients (1501.9543 ±
483.414 pg/ml) compared to the healthy group (1899.4856 ± 559.704 pg/ml, P < 0.001). In NAFLD
patients, a negatively notable correlation was observed between CCN6 and the levels of insulin (r =
-0.278, P = 0.011), HOMA-IR (r = -0.268, P = 0.014), as well as TNF-α (r = -0.343, P = 0.001). A
remarkable association was found between CCN6 and the risk factor of NAFLD in the adjusted
model for gender, age, and BMI with OR = 0.867 (95% CI, [0.806-0.931], P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings showed a significant reduction in CCN6 levels in the NAFLD patients
compared to the healthy group, as well as the developing risk of NAFLD enhanced with the decrease
of CCN6 levels.
Integrated Computational Analysis of C-2 Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine and Amide Isosteres ALLINI: 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Kunwar Aakanksha , N. Gondaliya Krishna , Khedkar Vijay M. , Jha Prakash C.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The rapid increase in incidences of drug resistance and off-target toxicity in the case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased the demand for drugs with fewer side effects. HIV-1 Integrase (IN) is a promising target that helps integrate viral DNA with human DNA. It acts as a target for strand transfer inhibitors. However, the emergence of resistant mutations in the proteins necessitates the exploration of potent allosteric drugs. The allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINI) that interrupt the association of the integrase binding do-main of the lens epithelium growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN are more promising as they hinder site specificity and viral replication.

Objective:

In this study, a 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET were carried out to investigate the binding of the C2-pyrazolopyrimidine amides and amide isosteres. Method: The 3D-QSAR model was developed using a series of 24 C-2 substituted pyrazolopyrimidine and amide isosteres. A statistically significant model was constructed, showing the determination coefficient (r2) and five-fold cross-validation (q2) at 0.946 and 0.506, respectively. Furthermore, the contour maps of the electrostatic potential and van der Waals coefficient provided structural modifications in the features to improve the inhibitory activity.

Result:

A molecular docking study was also performed to check the binding of the compounds to the LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN, along with ADMET evaluation.

Conclusion:

The outcome of the study will help to prepare the potent molecules with enhanced allosteric inhibitory activity.
The Impact of Novel Lipid-Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ray Rubela , Mahmood Arhum , Chaudhry Raheel , Masmoum Mohd Diya , Talha Muhammad , Siddiqui Fahad I. , Ullah Imdad
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the aim of
lipid-lowering therapy (ASCVD). It is commonly acknowledged that low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) is a major cause of ASCVD. Several online databases and search engines, such as Pub-
Med and the Cochrane Library, were used to conduct a thorough search.

Method:

This study included RCTs assessing the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on cardiovascular
events. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. This analysis included
nine RCTs in total.

Results:

Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that the levels of total cholesterol, LDL,
and triglycerides were reduced after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors, and HDL levels were increased,
which is good cholesterol. Most adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reduced after the
use of PCSK9 inhibitors.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ezetimibe, a PCSK9 inhibitor added to statin therapy, further reduces
MACE risk without affecting all-cause mortality, even though statins already significantly reduce
major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality.
Traditional Herbal Plants and their Phytoconstituents Based Remedies for Respiratory Diseases: A Review
Authors: Campbell Luca
Published: February 2025

Despite medical science advancements in recent years, pulmonary diseases are still hard to control and can be potentially life-threatening. These include asthma, COPD, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, pleurisy, and sarcoidosis. These illnesses often cause severe breathing problems, which can be fatal if not treated properly. While some chemical drugs are used to treat these conditions, they can cause side effects and are not always effective.
Herbal medicine offers an alternative treatment option with fewer side effects and has shown promise in treating respiratory issues. Certain medicinal plants, such as garlic (Allium sativum), hawthorn (Crataegus rhipidophylla), moringa (Moringa oleifera), and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), may help manage lung diseases. Natural compounds found in plants, like apple polyphenol, ligustrazine, salidroside, resveratrol, and quercetin, can also help reduce symptoms. These plants and compounds work by reducing cell overgrowth, fighting oxidative stress, lowering inflammation, stopping tumor growth, improving blood flow, and relaxing the airways.
This review outlines the types of plants and compounds that can be utilized in treating pulmonary conditions, along with their respective mechanisms of action.
AI-Driven Innovations in Hearing Health: A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Audiology and Hearing Technologies
Authors: S. Chitra Thara , K. Vidhya Lekshmi , N. Venkateswaramurthy
Published: February 2025

Hearing loss is a prevalent condition affecting over 500 million people globally, with
projections estimating more than 700 million cases by 2050. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds
transformative potential in audiology, enhancing diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation outcomes.
This review explores the applications of AI in hearing aids, cochlear implants, sign language
recognition, and tele-audiology.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and other academic
databases. Relevant studies on AI-driven advancements in audiology were analyzed, focusing
on hearing aid technologies, cochlear implants, diagnostics, and tele-audiology platforms.

AI technologies significantly enhance hearing aids through real-time personalization and adaptive
algorithms. Cochlear implants leverage AI for improved speech recognition and listening
comfort. AI-powered sign language systems facilitate communication through real-time gestureto-
text conversions, while tele-audiology expands care access using AI-enabled platforms. Diagnostic
advancements include AI-enhanced audiometric testing and otoscopy.

AI is revolutionizing hearing healthcare by providing personalized, efficient, and accessible solutions.
Its integration into audiology represents a paradigm shift, offering significant improvements
in patient outcomes and quality of life.
Understanding Interaction in the Second Language Classroom Context
Authors: Iwashita Noriko , Dao Phung , Nguyen Mai Xuan Nhat Chi
Published: February 2025

This book provides an overview and analysis of the role that classroom interaction plays in instructed second language acquisition. The authors synthesise current state-of-the-art research on how classroom interaction benefits L2 learning, before discussing pedagogical implications and suggesting teaching activities.
Large Language Models–Supported Thrombectomy Decision-Making in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Radiology Reports: Feasibility Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kottlors Jonathan , Hahnfeldt Robert , Görtz Lukas , Iuga Andra-Iza , Fervers Philipp , Bremm Johannes , Zopfs David , Laukamp Kai R , Onur Oezguer A , Lennartz Simon , Schönfeld Michael , Maintz David , Kabbasch Christoph , Persigehl Thorsten , Schlamann Marc
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The latest advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is generative pretrained transformer large language models (LLMs). They have been trained on massive amounts of text, enabling humanlike and semantical responses to text-based inputs and requests. Foreshadowing numerous possible applications in various fields, the potential of such tools for medical data integration and clinical decision-making is not yet clear.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we investigate the potential of LLMs in report-based medical decision-making on the example of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), where clinical and image-based information may indicate an immediate need for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The purpose was to elucidate the feasibility of integrating radiology report data and other clinical information in the context of therapy decision-making using LLMs.

METHODS

A hundred patients with AIS were retrospectively included, for which 50% (50/100) was indicated for MT, whereas the other 50% (50/100) was not. The LLM was provided with the computed tomography report, information on neurological symptoms and onset, and patients’ age. The performance of the AI decision-making model was compared with an expert consensus regarding the binary determination of MT indication, for which sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated.

RESULTS

The AI model had an overall accuracy of 88%, with a specificity of 96% and a sensitivity of 80%. The area under the curve for the report-based MT decision was 0.92.

CONCLUSIONS

The LLM achieved promising accuracy in determining the eligibility of patients with AIS for MT based on radiology reports and clinical information. Our results underscore the potential of LLMs for radiological and medical data integration. This investigation should serve as a stimulus for further clinical applications of LLMs, in which this AI should be used as an augmented supporting system for human decision-making.
IN VITRO COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ISOFLAVONE CONTENT AND RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESS IN CULTURAL AND WILD SOYBEAN
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Veremeichik G.N. , Brodovskaya E.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grigorchuk V. P. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burundukova O.L. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Butovetz E.S. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, Lukyanchuk L.M. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, Vasina E.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika
Published: February 2025

Soya is the main source of oil and vegetable protein with a full set of essential amino acids,
more than 20% carbohydrates, vitamins and other substances, including isoflavones. Isoflavones are
secondary metabolites of the flavonoid branch of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and are
widely used in pharmacology. Isoflavones in the form of aglycones have pharmacological effect, but
under normal conditions plants accumulate mainly malonyl-and glucoside-derivatives of isoflavones,
while aglycones perform the function of phytoalexins, and their biosynthesis is activated in response
to stress. Furthermore, it is known that the varieties of soybean with better stress-resistance have a
higher aglycone content. The aim of the presented work was a comparative analysis of the isoflavones
content in domestic (Sphere), American (Hodson) varieties and in the wild type of soybean, in parallel
with the analysis of the resistance to the most actual abiotic stresses in the region. We have shown
that the effects of salt and cold stress significantly inhibit the growth of plants of Hodson variety, and
do not have an inhibitory effect on the Sphere variety. At the same time, the isoflavone content in the
form of aglycones and glucosides/malonyl-glucosides in Sphere variety is 6 and 4 times higher than
in Hodson, respectively. Thus, the results indicate the possibility of using chemical analysis of the
isoflavone content in the breeding process for selection of the varieties of soybean resistant to abiotic
and biotic stress.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DURATION OF THE GROWING SEASON ON THE CROP YIELD AND GRAIN SIZE OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE AMUR REGION
Authors:   Far East State Agricultural University, Mishchenko L.N. , Teryokhin M.V. ,   Far East State Agricultural University, Teryokhin N.M. ,   Far East State Agricultural University
Published: February 2025

The article presents the findings of a three-year study of the influence of the duration of
the growing season of spring wheat on the yield and weight of 1000 grains in the southern zone of
the Amur region. Studies were carried out on 54 varieties of domestic and foreign selection. It is
believed that a longer growing season positively correlates with the crop yield of varieties. Under the
conditions of the Amur Region, the use of varieties with a prolonged growing season was problematic, since from the end of July till August there was intense precipitation, contributing to the development of fungal diseases, and preference was given to precocious varieties maturing before the rainy
season. However, in recent years, there has been a significant change in the mode of precipitation,
accompanied by increased humidity throughout the period of grain ripening. The study of the relationship between the duration of the growing season and the crop yield of varieties and the size of
their grain revealed a number of interesting facts. Under the conditions of the Amur Region, the
vegetation period of spring wheat lasts from 77 till 96 days depending on different varieties and different years of research. The longest period was in 2016, the most favorable of all three years of
observations, when the yield and weight of 1000 grains were the highest. Varieties with a short growing season had an average yield of 300 g/m2, and varieties with the longest growing season - 412 g /
m2. As for the weight of 1000 grains, the same trend was registered – the varieties of later-ripening
produced larger grain. Under unfavorable conditions of the years 2017 and 2018, the differences between precocious and later-ripening varieties were smoothed out. In extreme waterlogged soil during
the harvesting period in year 2017, certain advantages in yield was obtained by early maturing varieties, which record plots harvested an average of 197 g/m2, while later-ripening varieties - 152 g/m2.
However, as to the grain size, the advantage remained in varieties with a longer growing season. In
the year 2018, also quite unfavorable for cereals, the advantages of varieties with a longer growing
season remained. Thus, the crop yield of relatively precocious varieties averaged 74 g / m2, and laterripening 117 g / m2. The weight of 1000 grains in varieties with a shorter growing season amounted
to 27.0 g on average, in later-ripening - 28.6 g. The studies have shown that due to the changed climatic conditions of the Amur Region, varieties with a long growing period have certain advantages
over precocious ones and when selecting pairs for crossing and when selecting samples in nurseries,
the longer growing period is not a limiting factor.
ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR FUNGUS DISEASES OF SOYA IN THE PRIMORSKY KRAI
Authors:   Far East Research Institute of Plant Protection, Bezmutko S.V. , Kozhevnikova I. A. ,   Far East Research Institute of Plant Protection, Cherepanova T.A. ,   Far East Research Institute of Plant Protection
Published: February 2025

The formation of a system for managing the phytosanitary state of agroecosystems based
on integrated plant protection requires the development of an assortment and determination of the
needs of crop production for plant protection products. The need for plant protection products and
their assortment are determined by the existing structure of sown areas of agricultural crops, their
phytosanitary status and trends of its change in the future in connection with the existing economic
conditions for the production of the reformed agricultural sector and the peculiarities of climate
change. Thus, one of the main elements of phytosanitary technology is phytosanitary monitoring,
which is the goal of the work done. Currently, among the factors restraining the growth of soybean
productivity, the most significant are fungal diseases. Monitoring of soybean agrocenoses in four
agroclimatic zones of the Primorsky Territory, conducted annually by the Far East Research Institute
of Plant Protection, shows that in the last decade, under the conditions of agricultural reform, there
has been a significant destabilization of the phytosanitary state of crops culture. The research paper
presents the findings of a long-term investigations (2009-2018) on the species composition of soy
diseases in various agroclimatic zones of the Primorsky Territory. The most harmful to the culture
are the diseases of roots and root part of the stem. The development of root rot on seedlings of soya
in all years of research was epiphytotic in nature and reached an average of 16.4-40.4% over the
years. As surveys have shown, septoria fungus dominated everywhere on the Territory. Its prevalence
reached 100% annually, and the intensity of development amounted to 27% on average. Also, peronosporosis and cercosporosis were observed annually in soybean crops. The degree of manifestation of
these pathogens was intense. The level of development of peronosporosis and cercosporosis during
the years of research averaged 24 and 19%, respectively.
Mapeo del conocimiento científico en la cadena productiva de la guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) en Colombia
Authors: Melo Torres Ligia Inés , Ortiz Melo Laura Tatiana , Fonseca Pinto Dora Esther
Published: February 2025

Contextualización: La guayaba es una fruta de gran importancia comercial en más de sesenta países, se consume en fresco o procesada, y en la agroindustria por diversos derivados del fruto, semillas y hojas. La producción mundial en 2020 fue de 2.075.000 toneladas, Pakistán el principal productor con participación del 22%, Brasil 17%, India 16%, México 15% y Colombia 8%. Como producto de interés dentro del Programa Mundial de Alimentos, Plan de Acción Mundial de Recursos Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, Agenda 2030 y recurso alternativo para abordar la crisis alimentaria y el desempleo en países en desarrollo. En Colombia está organizada su cadena productiva, e identificadas demandas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, que sirven de guía para su análisis, donde el conocimiento es vital como herramienta de desarrollo y trasformación social.
Vacío de conocimiento: pese al reconocimiento de beneficios a nivel mundial, y tener identificadas necesidades de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, en Colombia se desconoce su estado de avance, al igual que el abordaje de otras temáticas de interés mundial.
Objetivos: Determinar el estado del conocimiento sobre la cadena productiva de la guayaba en Colombia, frente a las necesidades investigación, desarrollo e innovación, identificadas en el plan estratégico de ciencia tecnología e innovación, y aportes a problemáticas de interés.
Metodología: Para realizar el mapeo del conocimiento de la cadena productiva de la guayaba, se implementó la guia PRISMA con búsquedas en bases de datos, del 2010 al 2022, utilizando las palabras clave “guava”, “guajava”, “Psidium guajava L”, “guayaba”, “Colombia”.

Resultados y conclusiones: 138 publicaciones cumplieron con los criterios de selección, donde la mayor productividad científica fue referente a eslabones de producción y trasformación. Las brechas corresponden a temas de innovación, economía circular, contribución a los ODS, calidad, inocuidad, desarrollo empresarial, estudios socioeconómicos, comercialización y exportación
Caracterización morfoagronómica in situ de cacao nativo (Theobroma cacao L.) ee Puerto Asís, Putumayo, Colombia
Authors: Apraez Muñoz José Julián , Burgos Jimenez Gabriel , Burbano Ijaji Emel John
Published: February 2025

Contextualización: El proyecto se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Puerto Asís, Departamento del Putumayo, enfocado en la caracterización fenotípica de caracteres morfo-agronómicos del Theobroma cacao. Este estudio es relevante debido a la ausencia de bancos de germoplasma y programas de fitomejoramiento en esta zona de la Amazonía colombiana. Las plantas evaluadas llevan más de 15 años establecidas, lo que permitió analizar su aclimatación a las condiciones locales.  
 Vacío de conocimiento: La región carece de bancos de germoplasma y programas de fitomejoramiento que permitan mejorar la productividad y conservación de los cultivares nativos de cacao, lo que limita el aprovechamiento de su potencial económico y la sostenibilidad de su uso.  
 Objetivos: El objetivo principal fue caracterizar fenotípicamente los cultivares nativos de cacao en Puerto Asís para crear una base de datos que sirva como fundamento para el establecimiento de un banco de germoplasma y el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación y fitomejoramiento, impulsando así el desarrollo económico de la región.  
 Metodología: Se evaluaron 48 variables divididas en cuatro estratos: hojas, flores, semillas y frutos, utilizando descriptores binomiales, multi-estado y cuantitativos como unidades básicas de caracterización. Para el análisis, se emplearon técnicas de clúster o conglomerados que permitieron identificar similitudes y diferencias entre los cultivares evaluados.  
 Resultados y conclusiones: El análisis reveló diferencias significativas entre los estratos y cultivares, identificando cultivares sobresalientes en términos de rendimiento y características fisiológicas. Se destacaron los cultivares 25, 26, 3, 14 y 13 en rendimiento, y las plantas 36, 31 y 18 en aspectos fisiológicos. Este estudio constituye el primer esfuerzo de caracterización de la agrobiodiversidad del cacao nativo en la región amazónica de Colombia, sentando las bases para programas de fitomejoramiento y conservación.
Optimización de protocolo de establecimiento in vitro de Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts. (Magnoliaceae) como una herramienta de conservación
Authors: Avendaño Torres Diana Milena , Pinzón Sandoval Elberth Hernando
Published: February 2025

Contextualización: El magnolio de arcabuco (Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts), es una especie categorizada en peligro, con deficiente propagación sexual debido a la baja producción de frutos y semillas, esto genera una alta vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones existentes a eventos de extinción. Las técnicas para el cultivo de tejidos in vitro, son una alternativa eficaz para la propagación de especies amenazas que requieren estrategias concretas para su conservación.
Vacío de conocimiento: En la actualidad no se cuenta con un protocolo que genera las condiciones óptimas que permita la desinfección y establecimiento In vitro de Magnolia arcabucoana.
Propósito: Establecer y optimizar un protocolo para la desinfección y establecimiento In vitro de yema vegetativas. Como una herramienta de conservación de la especie.
Metodología: Se realizaron tres ensayos experimentales, correspondientes a un protocolo de desinfección, de agentes inhibidores de fenoles y de establecimiento, se emplearon diseños experimentales DCA y las metodologías existentes en cada protocolo.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se obtuvo que concentraciones de 1 g L-1 de CA (Carbón Activado) + 05 g L-1 de AA (Acido ascórbico) incluidas en el medio de cultivo y solución de AA al 25 % p/v durante 15 minutos, controlaron en un 67,7 % la oxidación fenólica y la necrosis de las yemas. El mejor tratamiento de desinfección se logró con inversión por tres minutos en una concentración de 0,8 % de Ca(ClO)2. En la fase de establecimiento el mayor crecimiento de las yemas se consiguió con Woody Plant Medium (WPM) con 1 mg L-1 de BAP (6 Bencil Aminopurina) + 0,05 mg L-1 de ANA (Ácido naftalenacético). La brotación se obtuvo 105 días después del establecimiento en el medio WPM con 3 mg L-1 de BAP. Los resultados constituyen un aporte para el establecimiento In vitro de Magnolia arcabucoana con fines de conservación.
Análisis de innovaciones y redes de conocimiento en productores de mango del Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Navarro-Niño Diego Alberto , Rodríguez-Polanco Eleonora , Varón-Devia Edgar Herney , Flórez Cárdenas Claudia Milena , Parra-Alferes Edinson , Bermeo Paula
Published: February 2025

Contextualization: Despite the increase of mango production area in Colombia, Tolima department (State) has a lower yield compared to the national average. This situation demonstrates the challenges in technologies adoption by Tolima mango producers.
Knowledge gap: There is scarce information related to: i) innovations adopted by Tolima farmers and ii) knowledge access in their territories.
Purpose: To analyse the adoption rates of innovations and network access to knowledge of mango farmers in central Tolima.
Methodology: We set 39 catalog mango innovations, that were employed to conduct a survey to 64 farmers. We select snowball as sampling methodology and transform data collection in an ordinal scale. First, to understand the dynamics of the production system and producers' profiles, we conducted a descriptive statistical analysis. Then, adoption indicators were estimated through innovation management analysis and finally a knowledge network analysis.
Results and conclusions: Mango producers in Tolima focus on productive practices (reproduction, nutrition, sanitation and sustainable resource management). However, they display a low Innovation Adoption Index (INAI) is displayed (43%). It is recommended to strengthen the innovation adoptions such as harvesting and administration, in order to increase the current yield (7.12 t/ha) in Tolima. In addition, there is little interaction among farmers, limiting the dissemination of knowledge. It is suggested to promote interaction and learning among farmers through strategies such as field schools.
Análisis comparativo de metales pesados en el polvo vial de dos municipios del meta, Colombia
Authors: Trujillo-González Juan Manuel , Sastre-Piñeros Uwerney , Morales-Espitia Francisco José
Published: February 2025

Contextualización: El polvo de los caminos es una fuente importante de contaminantes que tienen el potencial de afectar tanto la salud pública como los recursos naturales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la presencia de contaminación por metales pesados ​​en el polvo de carreteras recolectado en dos localidades del Meta, Colombia.
Vacío de conocimiento: En las zonas urbanas de Colombia aún quedan interrogantes sin respuesta sobre la distribución y concentración de metales pesados, a pesar de la creciente preocupación por la contaminación ambiental. Esta investigación contribuye al establecimiento de una base de información para la toma de decisiones en un esfuerzo por preservar la integridad de los entornos urbanos.
Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las concentraciones de cinco metales pesados ​​(Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn) en el polvo encontrado en las principales calles de Puerto López y Puerto Gaitán. Además, la investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar los niveles de contaminación mediante la utilización del factor de contaminación (FC) y el índice de carga contaminante (PLI).
Metodología: Se recolectaron un total de 24 muestras de polvo vial en las carreteras principales de dos municipios. Se analizaron las concentraciones de los metales pesados mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica, siguiendo los procedimientos EPA 3050B y EPA 7000B.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados revelaron que Puerto López exhibió niveles elevados de Zn, Pb, Cu y Ni, pero Puerto Gaitán mostró la mayor concentración de Cr. Zinc (Zn), cobre (Cu) y plomo (Pb) fueron los metales encontrados en mayores concentraciones en los dos municipios. Con base en el estudio de FC y PLI se determinó que Puerto López presenta elevados niveles de contaminación, particularmente en lo que respecta a Zn y Cu. En general, este estudio ofrece información esencial sobre la presencia de metales pesados ​​en el polvo vial de dos municipios del Meta. Aborda la falta de conocimiento sobre la condición ambiental de áreas con alta actividad industrial. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de implementar medidas para mitigar la contaminación y salvaguardar la salud pública.
Aprendizaje de ecuaciones diferenciales aplicadas en fí­sica utilizando tecnologí­a
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH)., Morales Rovalino Vanessa Fernanda
Published: February 2025

La interpretación humana para explicar de manera simple una ciencia tan transcendental y compleja a lo largo de la historia humana. Misma que mediante el uso de fórmulas, teorí­as y algoritmos numéricos trata de explicar las complejidades del universo. Un ejemplo muy conocido de las ya mencionadas formulas son las ecuaciones diferenciales (E.D).

Las cuales son ecuaciones matemóticas encargadas de relacionar a función con sus variables, dicha fórmula ha sido enseñada dentro de las cótedras universitarias de manera algebraica y algorí­tmica lo que termina volviéndolas monótonas. Lo que termina creando un conocimiento matemótico, mós no conceptual; se aplica de manera adecuada los conocimientos y procedimientos, pero no se conoce la ciencia tras los mismo.

Las Tics, forman parte del diario vivir de los seres humanos, sobre todo en los jóvenes donde se las considera una habilidad social, tanto para bíºsqueda y anólisis de información de primera mano como para relajarse y distraerse. Razón por la cual resulta indispensable la inducción y familiarización de las distintas herramientas que sean íºtiles para un mejor aprendizaje en los entornos de enseñanza. Tal es el caso de ingenierí­as, donde las ecuaciones diferenciales son parte del diario vivir dentro de su vida estudiantil como laboral.

Para un ingeniero el uso de las E.D ayuda a describir fenómenos de crecimiento de plantas a partir de modelos dinómicos en comportamientos globales. Donde estos datos pueden ser administrados en programas diseñados para crear la grófica y mejorar el entendimiento de los resultados. El uso de estas aplicaciones resulta un recurso favorable en estos procesos de aprendizaje, a su vez, una habilidad que se relaciona con el modo en que las generaciones actuales y futuras conocen su entorno.
Thomas–Fermi Type Variational Problems With Low Regularity
Authors:   , Greco Damiano
Published: February 2025

This thesis is dedicated to the study of two different Thomas–Fermi type variational problems under optimal assumptions.
The first problem concerns studying the existence and qualitative properties of the minimizers for a Thomas–Fermi type energy functional with non local repulsion involving a convolution with the Riesz kernel and an interaction with an external potential. Under mild assumptions, we establish uniqueness and qualitative properties such as positivity, regularity, and decay at infinity of the global minimizer.
The second problem concerns the study of optimizers of a Gagliardo–Nirenberg type inequality again involving a convolution with the Riesz kernel. Such a problem is well understood in connection with Keller–Segel models and appears in the study of Thomas–Fermi limit regimes for the Choquard equations with local repulsion and non local attraction. We establish optimal ranges of parameters for the validity of the inequality, discuss the existence and qualitative properties of the optimizers. We further prove that optimizers are either positive, smooth, and fully supported functions or continuous and compactly supported on a ball, or discontinuous and represented as a linear combination of the characteristic function of a ball and a nonconstant nonincreasing Hölder continuous function supported on the same ball.
Szintbeni vasúti átjárók és közúti csomópontok összehasonlítása baleseti adatok és az úthasználók által érzékelt veszély mértéke alapján
Authors: Ladich Marcell , Miletics Dániel
Published: February 2025

Az utak és a vasutak szintbeni keresztezései a közlekedés kiemelt kockázattal bíró helyszínei. Számos tanulmány megállapította, hogy a vasúti átjárókban bekövetkező balesetek kimenetele súlyosabb, mint a közúti baleseteké, és hogy az egyes vasúti átjárós balesetekben általában többen is sérülnek meg. Az is megállapítható ugyanakkor, hogy a vasúti átjárókban, forgalomnagyságra vetítve jelentősen kevesebb baleset történik, mint közúti csomópontokban, aminek az oka többek között a vasúti átjárók szigorúbb biztosításában kereshető.
Investigation of factors and consequences in the evaluation process for storage location assignment optimization
Authors: Görbe Polina , Bódis Tamás
Published: February 2025

Optimizing Storage Location Assignment (SLA) is essential for improving warehouse operations, reducing operational costs, travel distances and picking times. The effectiveness of the optimization process should be evaluated. This study introduces a novel, generalized objective function tailored to optimize SLA through integration with a Genetic Algorithm. The method incorporates key parameters such as item order frequency, storage grouping, and proximity of items frequently ordered together. Using simulation tools, this research models a picker-to-part system in a warehouse environment characterized by complex storage constraints, varying item demands and family-grouping criteria. The study explores four scenarios with distinct parameter weightings to analyze their impact on SLA. Contrary to other research that focuses on frequency-based assignment, this article presents a novel framework for designing SLA using key parameters. The study proves that it is advantageous to deviate from a frequency-based assignment, as considering other key parameters to determine the layout can lead to more favorable operations. The findings reveal that adjusting the parameter weightings enables effective SLA customization based on warehouse operational characteristics. Scenario-based analyses demonstrated significant reductions in travel distances during order picking tasks, particularly in scenarios prioritizing ordered-together proximity and group storage. Visual layouts and picking route evaluations highlighted the benefits of balancing frequency-based arrangements with grouping strategies. The study validates the utility of a tailored generalized objective function for SLA optimization. Scenario-based evaluations underscore the importance of fine-tuning SLA strategies to align with specific operational demands, paving the way for more efficient order picking and overall warehouse management.