bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic contraction under a control function
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S. , Tiwari Vandana , Som Tanmoy , Saha Parbati
Published: January 2021

Probabilistic metric spaces are metric structures having uncertainty built within their geometry, which has made them into an appropriate context for modelling many real life problems. Theoretical studies on these structures have also appeared extensively. This paper is intended for some development of fixed point theory in probabilistic metric spaces, which is an active area of contemporary research. We define a new contraction mapping in such spaces and show that the contraction has a unique fixed point if such spaces are G-complete with an arbitrary choice of a continuous t-norm. With a minimum t-norm, the result is further extended in any complete probabilistic metric space. The contraction is defined with the help of a control function which is different from several other control functions used in probabilistic fixed point theory by other authors. The methodology of the proof is new. An illustrative example is given. The present work is a part of probabilistic analysis.
Continuous-time mean-variance portfolio selection with regime-switching financial market: Time-consistent solution
Authors: Alia Ishak , Chighoub Farid
Published: January 2021

This paper studies optimal time-consistent strategies for the mean-variance portfolio selection problem. Especially, we assume that the price processes of risky stocks are described by regime-switching SDEs. We consider a Markov-modulated state-dependent risk aversion and we formulate the problem in the game theoretic framework. Then, by solving a flow of forward-backward stochastic differential equations, an explicit representation as well as uniqueness results of an equilibrium solution are obtained.
Optimised calibration programmes for comparators for instrument transformers
Authors: Mester Christian
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, instrument transformers are calibrated using bridges. By definition, bridges use the null method of measurement. The traditional calibration programme for instrument transformer bridges characterise namely this null measurement. Many new commercial comparators for instrument transformer use a very different method. They sample the secondary signals of reference and device under test (dut) transformer independently. Based on the samples, magnitude and phase of both signals are determined. Ratio error and phase displacement are calculated. Consequently, the significance of their calibration using the traditional calibration programme is limited. Moreover, the operating range of modern comparators is much larger than that of bridges. The additional versatility cannot be used without an adapted calibration programme. This article analyses the calibration programmes for both technologies. An experimental study confirms both the suitability of the new calibration programme and the need to chose the calibration programme depending on the technology of the device to be calibrated. The conclusion is very general and applies to all measurement problems where an operating principle is replaced by another – when changing the operating principle, it is important to check the calibration programme and adapt it if necessary.
Ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Erzeugung eines statischen Drehmoments im Bereich von 1 mN·m bis 1 N·m
Authors: Sasiuk Taras , Fröhlich Thomas , Theska René , de Oliveira Rafael Soares
Published: January 2021

Drehmomentsensoren mit einem kleinen Messbereich bis zu 1 N·m sind Teil verschiedener Präzisionsgeräte, wie beispielsweise Roboter oder Werkzeuge für medizinische Operationen und Nanofabrikationsgeräte. Die Drehmomentsensoren benötigen häufig eine Kalibrierung, für die eine Rückführbarkeit nachgewiesen werden muss. Gemäß gesetzlichem Auftrag haben die nationalen metrologischen Institute die Aufgabe, die Drehmomenteinheiten zu realisieren und die geforderte Rückführbarkeit zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie nach einem neuen Prinzip statische Drehmomente im Bereich von 1 mN·m bis 1 N·m erzeugt werden können. Ziel der laufenden Arbeiten war die Umsetzung dieser neuen Idee der Drehmomenterzeugung zur Schaffung einer neuen, präziseren Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der neuen Methode wurde mit der Erzeugung von statischen Drehmomenten nach dem Stand der Technik (PTB-Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung) verglichen.
Biological variation of glycated albumin, glucose and albumin in healthy Turkish subjects
Authors: Oğuz Osman , Mercan Hilal , Hocaoglu-Emre F. Sinem
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Biological variation (BV) in laboratory tests can be defined as the variation in analyte concentration over time within and between individuals. Glycated albumin (GA) is a ketoamine which is used in the short-term monitoring of diabetes. The aim of this research was to determine BV of GA, glucose, and albumin under a well-designed and standardized protocol.

Methods

Blood samples were collected weekly from 21 healthy subjects (10 males, 11 females) for four consecutive weeks. Samples were analyzed using enzymatic methods in duplicate. After subjected to outlier and normality tests, variables as the within-subject biologic coefficient of variation (CVI) and between-subject biologic coefficient of variation (CVG), the index of individuality (II), and reference change value (RCV) were calculated.

Results

Analytical coefficient of variation (CVA) was 3.5, 1.78, and 2.9%, for GA, glucose and albumin, respectively. The estimates for CVI and CVG: GA: 4.1%, 6.3%; glucose: 3.8%, 4.8%; albumin: 3.5%, 4%. RCVs and IIs were: 15%, 0.60; 12%, 0.79; 13%, 0.9 for GA, glucose and albumin, respectively.

Conclusions

The BV data of GA derived from this study might be applied to understand routine test results better and establish the quality standards for the analyte.
Prevention of extra-analytical phase errors by non-analytical automation in clinical laboratory
Authors: Bakan Ebubekir , Bakan Nuri
Published: January 2021

During previous decades, significant improvements in laboratory errors have become a substantial part of reducing preventable diagnostic errors. In clinical laboratory practice, the errors in the testing process are primarily associated with extra-analytical phase error sources, influencing the test result quality profoundly. Thus, the management of these critical error sources makes their effects preventable thanks to automation and computer sciences. The implementation of non-analytical automated systems requires a risk management strategy based on laboratory’s workflow and bottlenecks. Then, the improvements can be measured and evaluated by the usage of quality indicators (QI). Consequently, the total quality of laboratory diagnostics and higher patient safety is closely dependent on this type of automation. This review will help laboratory professionals, managers, and directors improve the total testing processes (TTP). The automation technologies have added a serious impact on the proficiency of laboratory medicine. Several instrumentations have now partially or entirely automated many manual tasks to improve standardization, organization, efficiency, and TTP quality. The implementation of non-analytical automation has made them manageable. As a result, non-analytical automation within and outside the clinical laboratory will necessarily lessen the error sources’ effect on the total test process, enhancing the quality of the test results.
Crosslinguistic similarity and variation in the simultaneous morphology of sign languages
Authors: Brentari Diane , Horton Laura , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: January 2021

Two differences between signed and spoken languages that have been widely discussed in the literature are: the degree to which morphology is expressed simultaneously (rather than sequentially), and the degree to which iconicity is used, particularly in predicates of motion and location, often referred to as classifier predicates. In this paper we analyze a set of properties marking agency and number in four sign languages for their crosslinguistic similarities and differences regarding simultaneity and iconicity. Data from American Sign Language (ASL), Italian Sign Language (LIS), British Sign Language (BSL), and Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL) are analyzed. We find that iconic, cognitive, phonological, and morphological factors contribute to the distribution of these properties. We conduct two analyses—one of verbs and one of verb phrases. The analysis of classifierverbsshows that, as expected, all four languages exhibit many common formal and iconic properties in the expression of agency and number. The analysis of classifierverb phrases(VPs)—particularly, multiple-verb predicates—reveals (a) that it is grammatical in all four languages to express agency and number within a single verb, but also (b) that there is crosslinguistic variation in expressing agency and number across the four languages. We argue that this variation is motivated by how each language prioritizes, or ranks, several constraints. The rankings can be captured in Optimality Theory. Some constraints in this account, such as a constraint to be redundant, are found in all information systems and might be considered non-linguistic; however, the variation in constraint ranking in verb phrases reveals the grammatical and arbitrary nature of linguistic systems.
Vertebral plate and ligament composite laminoplasty in spinal cord tumor surgery: Analysis of 94 patients
Authors: Hao Xu , Lin Wang
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value and long-term effect of laminectomy or laminoplasty in spinal cord tumor surgery.

Patients and methods

Patients with spinal cord tumor treated in Department of Neurosurgery from January 2016 to October 2019 were included in this study. Posterior median approach tumor resection was preceded in 94 cases. Vertebral plate and ligament composite replant (laminoplasty group) was proceeded in 34 cases, and vertebral plate resection (laminectomy group) was proceeded in 60 cases. All patients were followed up and neurological function imagings were conducted 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postsurgery to evaluate the surgical efficiency and spinal stability.

Results

Total resection was achieved in 84 patients (89.0%); subtotal resection was achieved in 10 patients (11%). There was no significant difference between thelaminectomy group and laminoplasty group in terms of operative time, surgical site, infection rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection, CSF leak, and length of hospitalization (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative spinal deformity was 15.0% in the laminectomy group and 11.7% in the laminoplasty group (P > 0.05). Laminoplasty vs laminectomy was associated with a similar risk of progressive deformity. However, for the cervical patients, there is significant difference (P < 0.05) in the spinal deformity. For the patients with incision vertebral segments >3, there is no significant difference in the spinal deformity (P > 0.05). Bone fusion was achieved in 7 (20%) patients in the laminoplasty group. Laminoplasty vs laminectomy was associated with a similar risk of progressive deformity.

Conclusion

Vertebral plate and ligament composite replant is a simple and practical method in spinal cord tumor surgery. Neither every case got bone fusion nor positive results turned out in survival analysis, but it is still valuable in reducing spinal deformity, especially in cervical vertebra spinal cord tumor surgery.
Optional agreement in Santiago Tz’utujil (Mayan) is syntactic
Authors: Levin Theodore , Lyskawa Paulina , Ranero Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Some Mayan languages displayoptionalverbal agreement with 3plarguments (Dayley1985; Henderson2009; England2011). Focusing on novel data from Santiago Tz’utujil (ST), we demonstrate that this optionality is not reducible to phonological or morphological factors. Rather, the source of optionality is in the syntax. Specifically, the distinction between arguments generated in the specifier position and arguments generated in the complement position governs the pattern. Only base-complements control agreement optionally; base-specifiers control agreement obligatorily. We provide an analysis in which optional agreement results from the availability of two syntactic representations (DP vs. reduced nominal argument). Thus, while the syntactic operationAgreeis deterministic, surface optionality arises when the operation targets two different sized goals.
A null theory of scrambling
Authors: Haider Hubert
Published: January 2021

Grammars are decomposable. On the one hand, an adequate characterization of a given utterance factorizes the contributions of each subsystem of grammar and on the other hand, it thereby reduces the apparent overall complexity to the interaction of less complex subsystems. Scrambling is an apt showcase. Its complicated properties are not inherent properties of a syntactic construction but the result of the interaction of phrase structuring with other subsystems of grammar, and in particular with the information-structuring (IS) subsystem of pragmatics. Scrambling is “utilized” rather than “triggered”. In general, when syntax admits structural variation, this potential is captured and utilized by other subsystems of grammar. Germanic and Slavic languages are handy testimonies for rejecting syntactic trigger scenarios not only for scrambling but also for other constructions with displaced items. Cross-linguistically, scrambling is not a matter of syntactical determinism. For an adequate syntactical account of scrambling it is sufficient to understand and explain the structural conditions that make a language a scrambling language. The pragmatic functions that utilize scrambling structures are not a concern of syntax. They are syntactically not causal and epiphenomenal to syntax.
Riester-Reform – Nur eine Erleichterung für die Anbieter
Authors: Müller Klaus
Published: January 2021

The Riester pension was well thought out, but badly done. It is primarily the agents and insurance companies who benefit from Riester, while consumers hardly benefit at all – and if they do, it is only because of the generous state subsidy. The reform proposals to date do not eliminate the deficits, but are rather a restructuring plan for the supply side. However, private pension contracts should also pay off without subsidies. State-organised standard products in Sweden or Great Britain show how such efficiency can be achieved. The German “Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband” has made a suggestion in this respect, the “Extrarente”: a public body pools consumer demand and can thus cost-effectively organise their capital investment on a share scheme basis.
Hydrogen-bonding in mono-, di- and tetramethylammonium dihydrogenphosphites
Authors: Kogler Matthias , Stöger Berthold
Published: January 2021

The crystal structures of methylammonium and dimethylammonium dihydrogenphosphite (MA⋅H2PO3, I2/a and DMA⋅H2PO3,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

) are built of infinite chains of hydrogen bonded

H
2

P

O
3
−

${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}$

anions. The chains are connected by the ammonium cations via hydrogen bonding to di- (DMA⋅H2PO3) and triperiodic (MA⋅H2PO3) networks. Tetramethylammonium dihydrogenphosphite monohydrate (TMA⋅H2PO3⋅H2O) features temperature dependent dimorphism. The crystal structure of the high-temperature (HT, cubic P213) and low-temperature (LT, orthorhombic P212121) phases were determined at 150 and 100 K, respectively. The hydrogen bonding network in the HT phase is disordered, with

H
2

P

O
3
−

${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}$

and H2O being located on a threefold axis and is ordered in the LT phase. On cooling, the point symmetry is reduced by an index of 3. The lost symmetry is retained as twin operations, leading to threefold twinning by pseudo-merohedry. The hydrogen-bonding networks of the HT and LT phases can be represented by undirected and directed quotient graphs, respectively.
On the ferrofluid lubricated exponential squeeze film-bearings
Authors: Shah Rajesh C. , Patel Dilip B.
Published: January 2021

Based on the ferrohydrodynamic theory by R. E. Rosensweig and continuity equation, ferrofluid (FF) lubricated different exponential squeeze film-bearing designs are studied. Since uniform magnetic field does not effect on the performance of the bearing design system, variable form of magnetic field is considered to control FF flow behaviour. Expressions for pressure and load-carrying capacity are obtained by the methods of averaged inertia and regular perturbation. Results for dimensionless load-carrying capacity are calculated and compared. Some comparisons are also made with the previous study. Results show the significant contribution of FF on the designed problem.
Electron density of a nanohoop [2]rotaxane based on invariom refinement
Authors: Luger Peter , Dittrich Birger
Published: January 2021

Rotaxanes as well as catenanes are known as potential building blocks of molecular machines. The nanohoop [2]rotaxane investigated is composed of a macrocycle derived from a [6]cycloparaphenylene (CCP, designated as a carbon nanohoop), where one of the six para-linked phenyl rings is replaced by a 2,6-substituted pyridyl ring. This macrocycle is mechanically interlocked with a thread, a linear rod-shaped diyne fragment sitting in the cavity of the macrocycle. Two bulky 3,5-di-t-butyl-phenyl rests as end groups keep the thread fixed. The interplay between macrocycle and thread was examined by means of the electron density distribution (EDD) obtained by application of the invariom formalism, relying on X-ray diffraction data collected earlier. The so-obtained EDD was subjected to topological analysis using the QTAIM formalism. Moreover, molecular Hirshfeld and electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces were calculated. The 73 C–C bonds were analysed in terms of bond topological properties. For the 46 single and the 22 aromatic bonds, the analysis gave average bond orders of 1.03 and 1.61. The five C–C bonds in the diyne fragment can clearly be distinguished into three types: formal triple bonds with bond orders above 3.0, arene bonds with bond orders of 1.6 and finally bond orders of 1.3 in the adjacent C–C bonds, which indicate a considerable electron delocalization in this fragment. Mapping the ED onto the Hirshfeld surfaces of the macrocycle and the thread does not show strong signals. This shows that in between the molecules only weak non-covalent interactions are present. The electrostatic potentials (ESPs) were mapped onto molecular EDD isosurfaces. For all phenyl rings, small regions of negative ESP are visible on the delocalized π systems. A potential gradient between the mostly positive ESP of the macrocycle and the diyne region of the thread exist, which can be considered the dominant force to hold this rotaxane together.
Compounds of the types Pn(pyS)3 (Pn = P, As, Bi; pyS: pyridine-2-thiolate) and Sb(pyS)
x
Ph3–x
(x = 3–1); molecular structures and electronic situations of the Pn atoms
Authors: Wächtler Erik , Gericke Robert , Block Theresa , Gerke Birgit , Pöttgen Rainer , Wagler Jörg
Published: January 2021

The compounds Pn(pyS)3 (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi) were synthesized from the respective chloride (Pn = P, As, Sb) or nitrate (Bi), pyridine-2-thiol (pySH) and triethylamine (NEt3) as a supporting base in THF (P, Sb), CHCl3 (As) or methanol (Bi). Sb(pyS)3 was also obtained from the reaction of SbCl3 with LipyS (prepared in situ) in methanol. The compounds Sb(pyS)2Ph and Sb(pyS)Ph2 were prepared in a one-pot reaction starting from SbCl3 and SbPh3 (1:1 ratio). Upon Cl/pyS substitution, the resulting reaction mixture allows for a facile separation of the products in hot hexane. P(pyS)3 and As(pyS)3 crystallize isostructurally to the reported structure of Sb(pyS)3 with κ-S-bound pyS ligands. These crystal structures feature close Pn···Pn contacts which are most pronounced for the arsenic derivative. Bi(pyS)3 adopts a different molecular structure in the solid state, which features two chelating (κ
2-S,N-pyS) ligands and a κ-S-bound ligand. The presence of N→Bi interactions between the nitrogen atom of the κ-S-pyS ligand and the Bi atom of another molecule renders this structure a polymer chain along the crystallographic b axis with Bi⋅⋅⋅Bi van-der-Waals contacts. The structures of this set of Pn(pyS)3 compounds were also studied in solution using 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing equivalent pyS ligands in discrete Pn(pyS)3 molecules. The molecular structure of Sb(pyS)Ph2 was optimized by quantum chemical methods, and a comparison with the structures reported for the other Sb/pyS/Ph combinations reveals Sb(pyS)2Ph to feature the strongest Sb···N interactions with the κ-S-pyS ligand. The results of 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of the compounds Sb(pyS)
x
Ph3–x
(x = 3–0) suggest the Ph protons in ortho position to be incorporated into intramolecular C–H···S contacts for x = 2 and 1. Natural localized molecular orbital (NLMO) calculations were employed in order to gain insights into the electronic situations of the Pn atoms and Pn–R bonds (R = S, C), especially for the effects caused by formal substitution of Pn in the compounds Pn(pyS)3 and the ligand patterns in the compounds Sb(pyS)
x
Ph3–x
(x = 3–0). For the latter series of compounds, the electronic situation of the Sb atom was further studied by 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy, providing a correlation between the calculated electron density at Sb [ρ(0)] and the experimentally observed isomer shift δ. The missing link between group 15 and group 13 metal compounds of the type M(pyS)3, compound Al(pyS)3, was synthesized in this work. In the solid state (confirmed crystallographically), the mer isomer of this tris-chelate complex with distorted octahedral Al coordination sphere was found. This coordination mode was confirmed for the solution state (CDCl3) by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy at T = −40 °C.
Effective removal of tetracycline from water by batch method using activated carbon, magnetic carbon nanocomposite, and membrane hybrid technology
Authors: Wahab Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad , Salman Syed Muhammad , Naz Sumaira
Published: January 2021

In this study two adsorbents (activated carbon; AC and magnetic activated carbon; MCN) were prepared from Dalbergia sissoo sawdust and used as potential adsorbents for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from water. Both the adsorbents were characterized by instrumental techniques like energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer and thermal gravimetric/Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The effect of antibiotic initial concentration, contact-time, pH, adsorbent-dose, and temperature were evaluated to determine optimum adsorption conditions. The optimum TC concentration for both AC and MCN was 120 mg/L while optimum time of saturation for both adsorbents was 120 min. The optimum pH determined was five while optimum adsorbent dose was 0.1 g. The adsorption isothermal data of both sets of experiments was best explained by Langmuir model. The kinetic data was well explained by pseudo-second order kinetics model. The ΔH° (enthalpy change) and ΔSo (entropy change) were; −14.989 and 25.174 kJ/mol for AC and −11.628 and 51.302 kJ/mol for MCN respectively. The values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) calculated for AC were 7.36, −7.99, −7.36, −7.61, and −8.12 kJ/mol while for MCN these were −15.02, −15.53, −16.05, −16.56, and −17.07 kJ/mol corresponding to temperatures; 298, 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. To control fouling in ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and reverse osmosis membranes caused by TC, and both adsorbents, a continuous stirred reactor was connected in series with membrane pilot plant. The improvement brought about by both adsorbent in parameters like % retention and permeate flux was also evaluated. Comparatively, better improvement was brought about in % retention and permeates flux by MCN.
Vegetable and fruit market wastes as an appropriate source for biogas production via anaerobic digestion process
Authors: Alikhan Omid Mohammad , Khoramnejadian Shahrzad , Khezri Seyed Mostafa
Published: January 2021

Urban waste management is a critical issue in today’s world. On the other hand, energy supply is a significant need, especially from renewable sources. In this paper, an efficient method is studied for the production of biogas from vegetable and fruit market wastes. A comprehensive study is presented on the production of methane in biogas from vegetable and fruit market wastes. For this purpose, a reactor was designed and vegetable and fruit market wastes were used as feed of the reactor for biogas production. For supplying the moisture during the gas formation, the feed was mixed with distilled water in 1:1 ratio. The mean cell residence time was set at 25 days. The results showed an intense sensitivity of the microorganism to the pH of the reactor. In acidic media, the produced biogas was very lower than neutral and slightly basic media. In addition, the percentage of the methane in the biogas showed to be increased by increasing pH from 6.3 to 7.6.
Impacts of Fixed-End and Flexible Boundary Conditions on Seismic Response of Shallow Foundations on Saturated Sand in 1-g Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Jafarian Y. , Esmaeilpour P. , Shojaeemehr S. , Taghavizade H. , Rouhi S. , McCartney J. S.
Published: January 2021

A key consideration in physical modeling of seismic problems in geotechnical engineering is the impact of the model container boundaries on the soil layer response. The container boundaries may alter the stress-strain behavior from free-field conditions through the possible reflection of incident shear waves and generation of P-waves within the soil layers. In this study, 1-g shaking table experiments were performed to evaluate the impacts of container boundary conditions on the response of saturated loose sand layers subjected to harmonic base motions (1) in a free-field condition, (2) with a shallow foundation, and (3) with a shallow foundation supporting a single degree of freedom superstructure. The sand layers were formed in a newly fabricated laminar shear container that can be converted to a rigid box by adding elements to the end walls. Acceleration, excess pore water pressure, and settlement measurements demonstrate that the rigidity of the container boundaries can have a major impact on seismic behavior of the models. In particular, the observed permanent settlement of the foundations increased by 58–115 % in the soil models with fixed-end (or rigid) boundaries compared with those in soil models with flexible conditions. This was attributed to nonuniformity of strains near the fixed-end container boundaries and a higher level of energy trapped inside the model. Furthermore, higher spectral accelerations were captured in tests with fixed-end boundary conditions compared with those with flexible boundary conditions. Scaling issues associated with 1-g shaking table testing were also discussed.
New Physical Model to Study Tunnels in Squeezing Clay-Rich Rocks
Authors: Arora Ketan , Gutierrez Marte , Hedayat Ahmadreza
Published: January 2021

Squeezing ground conditions in tunnels are often associated with rock mineralogy, strength, ductility, excavation sequence, and the magnitude of in situ stresses. Numerous methodologies and empirical correlations have been proposed in the past to determine the level of ground squeezing conditions in tunnels, but most of them are problem specific and limited in scope. This paper presents a fundamental study of tunnel squeezing using a novel experimental approach to simulate tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation in squeezing ground conditions. The proposed experimental setup employs a cubical specimen of synthetic mudstone, with each dimension being 300 mm and the six faces subjected to a true-triaxial state of stress, with different magnitudes of principal stresses and stress levels that correspond to realistic in situ conditions. A miniature TBM was designed, fabricated, and used to excavate a tunnel into the host rock (specimen) while the rock was subjected to a true-triaxial state of stress. Embedded strain gauges and acoustic emission sensors, which were coupled on the surface of the rock specimen, were also used to monitor the tunnel’s response during the excavation stage. The results from the experiment confirmed the capability of the physical model to provide a better understanding of tunnel squeezing and to delineate the damage and the deformation that occurs during instant stress release and creep behavior of rock around the tunnel boundary during tunnel excavation.
Steps toward a Study of Symeon the Stylite the Younger and His Saint’s Cult*
Authors: Boero Dina , Kuper Charles
Published: January 2021

A large dossier of primary sources survives for Symeon the Stylite the Younger from Late Antiquity. These sources include not only hagiographical evidence, but also archaeological remains from his cult site, homilies, and at least one letter. They offer insight into the varied voices which shaped Symeon’s identity, sanctity, and ministry in the sixth and early seventh centuries CE. The state of scholarship on these sources is uneven, however, with the result that scholars have primarily studied the saint and his cult through the lens of the hagiographic material, the Life of Symeon Stylites the Younger in particular. In order to lay the foundation for a full inquiry into the saint and his cult, this article disentangles the dossier of evidence on Symeon in Late Antiquity. It introduces each source in chronological order; provides an overview of authorship, date, and the state of scholarship for each source; and makes preliminary recommendations for paths forward. It is meant to be a guide for art historians and archaeologists unfamiliar with the sizeable literary corpus, textual scholars who do not often work with material sources, and, for both groups, an introduction to problems in the dossier. It encourages scholars to treat each source on its own terms and re-evaluate the rich interconnections between the textual and archaeological evidence.
Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire—Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE*
Authors: Huebner Sabine R.
Published: January 2021

The paper focuses on one of the most productive wheat-growing regions in the entire Roman Empire, the Arsinoite nome (modern Fayum) in Egypt. Towards the end of the third century CE, multiple formerly thriving farming villages at the edges of the district went into decline and were eventually abandoned. This paper presents a new perspective on causes of this abandonment by synthesizing existing research. The papyri as well as the archaeological record imply that irrigation problems arising simultaneously from the third century CE lay at the heart of the problem and led to the progressive desertification of formerly agricultural land. The surviving documentation allows us to trace what increasing water stress meant on the ground for the local population and what adaption strategies they undertook to deal with the degradation and desertification of their farmlands. While socio-economic factors certainly played a role in the decline of these settlements, a change in environmental conditions should be considered as well. In fact, natural proxies record a general shift in East African Monsoon patterns at the source areas of the Nile and consecutively lower Nile flood levels from the beginning of the third century on.
HIV infection in pregnant women and its challenges for the prenatal care
Authors: Trindade Lidiane de Nazaré Mota , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataide , Ferreira Angela Maria Rodrigues , Corrêa Gracileide Maia , Andrade Natasha Cristina Oliveira
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of HIV infections in pregnant women. Methods: Analytical study with a quantitative approach. Results: The HIV rate in pregnant women increased from 1.5/1000 babies born alive, in 2010, to 3.3/1000 in 2017. There was a significant association between the prenatal and the variables educational level (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.0105), gestational age (p < 0.0001), and type of delivery (p < 0.0001). The mean rate of adherence to the antiretroviral treatment in the prenatal was 68.8% (DP = ± 3.7). Conclusion: The high rates of HIV detection in pregnant women suggest the need to intensify the health care to women during the prenatal, guaranteeing an integral care, early diagnoses, and enhancing the strategies to improve the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment, aiming to achieve the viral suppression of the mother by the time of childbirth, thus diminishing the risk of a vertical transmission.
Actions to prevent sexual violence against adolescents: an integrative literature review
Authors: Rivera Alejandra Isabel Vargas , Mondragón-Sánchez Edna Johana , Vasconcelos Fatima Karine Apolonio , Pinheiro Patricia Neyva da Costa , Ferreira Adriana Gomes Nogueira , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify actions to prevent adolescent sexual violence. Method: an integrative literature review of five databases, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs, Bdenf, Cinahl using the following descriptors “adolescent” “adolescence” “youth” “primary prevention” “prevention” “primary” “sexual violence”, plus the Boolean operators AND and OR, with a final sample of 24 articles; the evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Results: the review identifies different structures of the study object, classified in the categories “Interventions with programs created by authors” and “Interventions with standard programs”. Conclusion: there are actions to prevent sexual violence against adolescents; the participants’ knowledge was assessed immediately after the intervention, but the assessment of the participants’ acquisition of habits and behavioral changes was to a lesser extent; health prevention is crucial for society’s healthy development, which demonstrates that its applicability in the environment directly favors human health.
Reações adversas a medicamentos em pacientes com COVID-19 no Brasil: análise das notificações espontâneas do sistema de farmacovigilância brasileiro
Authors: Melo José Romério Rabelo , Duarte Elisabeth Carmen , Moraes Marcelo Vogler de , Fleck Karen , Silva Amanda Soares do Nascimento e , Arrais Paulo Sérgio Dourado
Published: January 2021

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde anunciou a nova pandemia denominada de COVID-19, representando um desafio para os profissionais e serviços de saúde. Ainda não foi identificado um tratamento eficaz contra essa doença e vários fármacos são utilizados sem evidências de sua eficácia, que em alguns casos pode causar eventos indesejados. Esse é um estudo transversal com o objetivo de avaliar as reações adversas a medicamentos (RAMs) nos pacientes com COVID-19, identificadas entre 1º de março e 15 agosto de 2020 no Brasil, e os fatores associados ao surgimento de reações graves. Para comparar as proporções das amostras relacionadas ao notificador, paciente, fármacos e eventos adversos utilizamos os testes não paramétricos qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, e para comparar as médias dos dados com a distribuição normal foi usado o teste t e de Mann-Whitney. Também foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariável, estimando as odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas pelo software Stata, versão 10.0. Foram identificadas 631 RAMs em 402 pacientes. Os medicamentos mais envolvidos foram hidroxicloroquina (59,5%), azitromicina (9,8%) e a cloroquina (5,2%). As reações se manifestaram prioritariamente no sistema cardíaco (38,8%), gastrointestinal (14,4%), tecido cutâneo (12,2%) e hepático (8,9%). A cloroquina (OR = 5,4; IC95%: 1,9-15,6) e a hidroxicloroquina (OR = 2,1; IC95%: 1,2-3,6) foram os únicos medicamentos associados a RAM grave. Nossos achados fornecem subsídios para melhores práticas em farmacovigilância, contribuindo para tomadas de decisões regulatórias efetivas e seguras pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, para os pacientes e toda a sociedade.
PROTOTYPE FOR MONITORING INCIDENTS IN THE HEALTH SERVICES: INNOVATION FOR PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Silva Katiane Tavares da , Filgueiras Renan Costa , Gamaski Ricardo , Göttems Leila Bernarda Donato
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the participatory process of building a prototype to support the development of an information management system for notification, investigation and monitoring of health incidents. Method: a methodological research study on technology development, carried out in two stages: 1) documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources related to forms and legislation on incident notification systems, from September to October 2018; 2) deliberative dialog in two sessions, with 12 managers and coordinators of the Quality and Patient Safety Center of public hospitals in the Federal District, held in November 2018. In the deliberative session there was a presentation of the prototype and discussion of its applicability and functionality for the development of an information system for risk management in the health services. Results: creation and prototyping of a tool with 4 (four) screens representing the systematic flow of data. Screen 1: Simplified notification for patients and companions. Screen 2: Notification for the health professional. Screen 3: Investigation of the event and action plan. Screen 4: Intervention and monitoring by means of indicators. Conclusion: this is a tool capable of integrating actions to reduce the occurrence of incidents based on the identification and timely intervention on the risk factors. It can be used as a facilitating basis for the development or improvement of new instruments for risk management in the health services.
Robert Chester Smith no Brasil: arte colonial e iconografia nas viagens de 1936 e 1947
Authors: MELO SABRINA FERNANDES
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Na primeira metade do século XX, houve uma convergência de interesses para a temática colonial, especificamente para a arte e arquitetura colonial brasileira, oriundas de diferentes países, como Estados Unidos, Portugal e Brasil. Dentre os inúmeros sujeitos, intelectuais e pesquisadores envolvidos, utilizo como fio condutor o historiador da arte Robert Chester Smith, que transitou entre os três países mencionados. O objetivo deste artigo é perceber como o projeto de catalogar e inventariar a arte e arquitetura colonial brasileira dialoga com o projeto para o patrimônio nacional. Discute-se a atuação de Robert Chester Smith em diversas cidades brasileiras, percorridas durante as viagens de 1937 e 1946. As viagens foram uma maneira de o historiador especializar-se em sua área de estudos por meio de pesquisas de campo, além de atender aos interesses culturais e políticos de instituições financiadoras de suas pesquisas. A bibliografia produzida no período que vai de 1937, ano de sua primeira visita ao Brasil, até 1946, ano de sua segunda visita, será interpretada pelos vieses cidades visitadas, tempo de estadia, instituições de apoio etc., e do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, dos autores com os quais dialogou, os temas e arquivos pesquisados e fontes utilizadas.
A antessala da demolição: revisitando o processo da montagem da Praça e Catedral da Sé de São Paulo, em primórdios do século XX
Authors: Silva Aline Canuto da
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Este artigo aborda um produto das relações e demandas em escala dos atores sociais, isto é, os indivíduos e as instituições nas esferas do público, eclesiástico e laico, envolvidas no processo da implantação da Praça e Catedral da Sé na antiga área central de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1903 e 1913. Colocando em tela o fenômeno da demolição no fazer urbano, buscamos compreender como para se realizar essa intervenção na paisagem urbana, com a feitura de novas estruturas urbanas como a praça e a catedral, demandou-se um circuito de propostas, definições e um aparelhamento que pensou, primeiramente, a feitura de uma cidade em demolição. Ou seja, um processo para o desmonte de estruturas antigas e preexistentes, que teve como resultado o desalojamento de inúmeros ocupantes da área-alvo. Desse modo, enfocamos uma arquitetura coletiva dos arranjos político, simbólico e de cifras em torno da obra, analisando o seu impacto em nível de uma rede reveladora da face social do processo, através dos nomes, dos acordos e negociações, tensões e contestações ao discurso acerca da realização da obra, que não se encontram assimiladas pela historiografia. Nesse sentido, agregamos uma documentação primária inédita, base da nossa reflexão, oriunda do Departamento de Desapropriações de São Paulo.
“Um gosto bem pronunciado pela história natural”: as ventarolas de beija-flor de M.&E. Natté entre ciência e arte
Authors: MENESES PATRÍCIA DALCANALE
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Este artigo visa discutir a relação de artefatos zoológicos com a popularização do discurso científico a partir das ventarolas decoradas com beija-flores taxidermizados produzidas pela empresa M.&E. Natté, no Rio de Janeiro da segunda metade de século XIX. Seus leques frequentemente apresentam o beija-flor em cena narrativa, interagindo com um fragmento de natureza. Argumento que esses artefatos, mais do que outros produtos zoológicos, transmitem concepções científicas em voga à época, bem como a preocupação da M.&E. Natté em projetar uma imagem vinculada à história natural.
PRÁTICAS CONSTITUINTES DE INVESTIGAÇÃO PLANEJADA POR ESTUDANTES EM AULA DE CIÊNCIAS: ANÁLISE DE UMA SITUAÇÃO
Authors: Sasseron Lúcia Helena
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos muito se tem discutido sobre o ensino de ciências como prática que possibilite relação com as dimensões conceitual, social, material e epistêmica do conhecimento. Neste estudo de caso, com análise qualitativa, estudamos uma situação de ensino em atividade eletiva em que estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, sob a supervisão de monitores com formação em diferentes áreas das ciências, se envolvem no planejamento de investigação. A partir do estudo, identificamos elementos constituintes da investigação e como eles se relacionam aos objetos epistêmicos e às condições experimentais. Entendemos que os resultados apresentados podem contribuir para a pesquisa em Educação em Ciências por expor um modo de análise de situações de investigação em que práticas epistêmicas são realizadas pelos estudantes.
Listening to the Arts: poetical possibilities in research
Authors: Fischer Rosa Maria Bueno
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT This essay discusses methodological possibilities for conducting research using creative artistic processes as references. I ask: how can experimentation be valued, as well as notes of works in progress, and registers of flashes from life, without losing the rigor of theoretical discussions or an attentive look at urgent ethical and political needs of the present? Supported by Foucault, Hadot, Benjamin and others, I discuss topics from the work of Kiarostami, Clarice Lispector, Italo Calvino, and Pina Bausch. With these and other examples, including comments on a study in progress, I propose ways of reasoning poetically by fearlessly appropriating lessons from the arts.
Dance Theory as a Practice of Critique
Authors: Klein Gabriele
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Using dance as an example, the text discusses the questions of what aesthetic criticism means and how it manifests itself. Drawing on philosophical and social science positions on critique (Foucault, Butler, Bourdieu), he develops a practical-theoretical view of the practice of critique in contemporary dance.
Phenotypic characterization and weight prediction of crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês ewes
Authors: SANTOS Hugo Pereira , AIURA Auriclécia Lopes de Oliveira , GONÇALVES Guilherme Alfredo Magalhães , AIURA Felipe Shindy
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine zoometric indices, correlate, and predict body weight based on the biometric measurements of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) ewes created extensively. Were 25 F1 D × SI sheep monitored, with ages varying from 2 to 9 months. Body weight, thoracic perimeter, belly perimeter, body length, withers height, rump height, rump width, and rump length were measured on a monthly basis and zoometric indices were estimated from them. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The biometric measurements and zoometric indices of F1 D × SI ewes indicate an animal of aptitude for cutting, with good conformation. In addition, they demonstrate favorable aspects for reproduction, a fundamental characteristic in the selection of matrices. Body weight has a high and positive correlation for all characteristics analyzed, with values ranging from 0.74 of the rump length to 0.88 of the thoracic perimeter. The regressions for all biometric measurements were highly significant (P <0.0001) with an emphasis on the thoracic perimeter that has the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.77), the other measures presented below 0.70. It was concluded that F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes have characteristics for meat production and for reproduction. Also, of the biometric measurements, the thoracic perimeter can be used to predict the body weight of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes.
Representaciones políticas y legales de las sinergias entre el estado y la religión
Authors: Alontseva Dina V , Akopyan Arsen V , Matvienko Valentina A , Zaitseva Irina A , Krikunov Alexander E
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es considerar los estudios de los científicos sobre el poder y la sinergia religiosa en las relaciones entre el Estado y la religión como institución social. El método científico dialéctico general permitió a los autores considerar el problema de la reforma de la legislación religiosa en la Federación de Rusia en la etapa actual; demostrar los cambios en la legislación religiosa de la Federación de Rusia en función de una combinación de factores internos y externos que la afectan. Los resultados del estudio permitieron a los autores sacar las siguientes conclusiones: la institución de la religión en el mundo moderno no puede evitar la participación en el arreglo de los procesos políticos. Por tanto, es necesario desarrollar un mecanismo de implementación de los principios constitucionales para los vínculos entre el Estado y la Iglesia.