bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precisely Automatic Time Window Locating for an Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensor Array Based on a TDM Scheme
Authors: Cui Ke , Ren Zhongjie , Qian Jieyu , Peng Wenjun , Zhu Rihong
Published: October 2018

Interferometric fiber-optic sensors are often organized in the form of large-scale arrays by lending the technique of time division multiplexing (TDM) to reduce the system cost. Discriminating the time windows for different sensor units is the prerequisite to successfully demodulate the sensing message, but it traditionally calls for a very time-consuming manual calibration process. To combat this problem, a novel automatic time window locating method is proposed in this paper. It introduces the concept of shape function and carries out the cross-correlation operation between the shape function and the sensor signal. The shape function is defined as the function whose curve profile reflects the main data characteristics of the sensor signal. The time window information is then extracted from the correlation result. This whole process is carried out automatically by the interrogation controller of the sensor system without any manual intervene. Experiments are conducted to validate this method. The proposed method can greatly reduce the complexity of locating time windows in large-scale TDM sensor arrays, and make the practical use of the TDM scheme much more convenient.
Two-Dimensional Angle Estimation of Two-Parallel Nested Arrays Based on Sparse Bayesian Estimation
Authors: Chen Lu , Bi Daping , Pan Jifei
Published: October 2018

To increase the number of estimable signal sources, two-parallel nested arrays are proposed, which consist of two subarrays with M sensors, and can estimate the two-dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival (DOA) of M 2 signal sources. To solve the problem of direction finding with two-parallel nested arrays, a 2-D DOA estimation algorithm based on sparse Bayesian estimation is proposed. Through a vectorization matrix, smoothing reconstruction matrix and singular value decomposition (SVD), the algorithm reduces the size of the sparse dictionary and data noise. A sparse Bayesian learning algorithm is used to estimate one dimension angle. By a joint covariance matrix, another dimension angle is estimated, and the estimated angles from two dimensions can be automatically paired. The simulation results show that the number of DOA signals that can be estimated by the proposed two-parallel nested arrays is much larger than the number of sensors. The proposed two-dimensional DOA estimation algorithm has excellent estimation performance.
Transmodern Reconfigurations of Territoriality, Defense, and Cultural Awareness in Ken MacLeod’s Cosmonaut Keep
Authors: Aliaga-Lavrijsen Jessica
Published: October 2018

This paper focuses on the science fiction (SF) novel Cosmonaut Keep (2000)—first in the trilogy Engines of Light, which also includes Dark Light (2001) and Engines of Light (2002)—by the Scottish writer Ken MacLeod, and analyzes from a transmodern perspective some future warfare aspects related to forthcoming technological development, possible reconfigurations of territoriality in an expanding cluster of civilizations travelling and trading across distant solar systems, expanded cultural awareness, and space ecoconsciousness. It is my argument that MacLeod’s novel brings Transmodernism, which is characterized by a “planetary vision” in which human beings sense that we are interdependent, vulnerable, and responsible, into the future. Hereby, MacLeod’s work expands the original conceptualization of the term “Transmodernism” as defined by Rodríguez Magda, and explores possible future outcomes, showing a unique awareness of the fact that technological processes are always linked to political and power-related uses.
Social Class Inequalities in Graduates’ Labour Market Outcomes: The Role of Spatial Job Opportunities
Authors: Duta Adriana , Iannelli Cristina
Published: October 2018

This paper provides new important evidence on the spatial dimension of social class inequalities in graduates’ labour market outcomes, an aspect largely overlooked within the existing literature. Using data from the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Early and Longitudinal Survey (DLHE) for the 2008/09 graduate cohort and applying multilevel logistic regression models, we investigate whether and the extent to which social class inequalities in graduates’ occupational outcomes vary depending on the job opportunities in the geographical area where they find employment. By examining different macro-level indicators, we find wider social inequalities by parental social class in areas with fewer opportunities in high professional and managerial occupations and smaller inequalities in areas with more opportunities. Interestingly, this pattern applies only to graduates who moved away from their place of origin. We interpret this finding as the result of selective migration, that is, areas with more opportunities attract the better-qualified graduates irrespective of their social origin. Finally, graduates’ HE experiences—in particular, their field of study—and sector of employment explain most of the social class gap in areas with fewer job opportunities.
Leaving the Village but Not the Rice Field: Role of Female Migrants in Agricultural Production and Household Autonomy in Red River Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Khue , Nguyen Thi Dien , Le Thi Minh Chau , Burny Philippe , Lebailly Philippe
Published: October 2018

The research investigates the impacts of female migrants on household’s farming and its implications on rural household autonomy under the context of economic reform in Vietnam. The different forms of internal and external household arrangements related to the production and distribution processes of turning land to livelihood are designed to understand the land tenure change under the context of migration. This research focuses on the migration patterns, the volume and usages of remittance to understand the ways in which the different households allocate their resources on farm and non-farm sectors. The findings suggest that female migrants have a greater contribution in agriculture production both in remittance investment and time spending on agricultural maintenance while male migrants increase household earnings by accumulating capital from non-farm business. Migration, therefore, rather than creating agricultural regression, amplifies the autonomy of peasant families and their units of production as they respond to the modernization process.
Thinking Outside the Block: External Focus of Attention Improves Reaction Times and Movement Preparation Times in Collegiate Track Sprinters
Authors: Kovacs Attila J. , Miles Garrett F. , Baweja Harsimran S.
Published: October 2018

While focusing attention on external cues (EF) has been shown to enhance performance track and field coaches tend to provide instructions that promote internal focus of attention (IF) during block starts. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) whether promoting EF versus IF would improve reaction time (RT) of sprinters, and (2) if changes occur at the level of central processes during movement preparation (premotor RT) or peripheral processes during movement execution (motor RT). Twelve collegiate track sprinters (age 20.8 ± 1.7) completed three testing sessions under EF, IF, and no focus instruction (NF) conditions. RT was recorded from the left and right blocks. Muscle activation time (EMG) was recorded from the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles. Mean rear foot RT was significantly shorter (p < 0.0001) under the EF (212.11 ms) compared with the IF (234.21 ms) and NF conditions (236.87 ms). Front foot RT was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) during EF (250.24 ms), compared to IF (266.98 ms) but not shorter than the NF (268.73 ms) condition. Mean premotor RT under the EF condition (157.75 ms) was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) compared with the IF (181.90 ms) and NF (173.60 ms) conditions. No differences were found in motor RT across conditions (p > 0.05). Adopting an EF improves RT during sprint starts. This improvement likely originates from a shortening in movement preparation time, as opposed to a faster excitation contraction coupling of the muscle fibers. These findings could potentially contribute to the development of new coaching methods aimed at improving the starting technique of athletes.
Thermal and Vibration Comfort Analysis of a Nearly Zero-Energy Building in Poland
Authors: Fedorczak-Cisak Małgorzata , Furtak Marcin , Gintowt Jolanta , Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Pachla Filip , Stypuła Krzysztof , Tatara Tadeusz
Published: October 2018

Placing emphasis exclusively on minimizing energy consumption in low-energy buildings can adversely impact thermal comfort and vibrational comfort. Vibrational comfort is extremely important in building design, especially within mining or seismically active territories, and due to car transportation in city centers. In this article, a new approach to designing passive buildings and nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) in Poland is proposed, which has a strong emphasis on the necessity of providing comfort of use in passive houses and NZEBs. Additionally, vibration comfort provisions in the design process are examined. The research gap that will be addressed by the research presented in this article is to extend the comfort conditions of passive buildings and NZEBs into the area of vibratory comfort. The second goal of the project is to determine the impact of solar control systems on the conditions of thermal comfort. The conclusions from the research will allow for the optimization of design assumptions for passive houses and NZEBs. The conclusions from the tests can serve as the basis for introducing appropriate construction law requirements in Poland. The results of the research, which are presented in the article, indicate that the technical requirements that are applicable in Poland ought to include requirements regarding the use of sun blinds in NZEBs and passive buildings (not only as recommendations). In particular, the use of apertures on the south side ought to be mandated. The article can also be the basis for introducing the requirements of vibration comfort to the PN–EN 15251:2012 “Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics” standard, which is the basis for designing the parameters of the internal environment for buildings.
Modelling of Reversible Plant System Operations in a Cultural Heritage School Building for Indoor Thermal Comfort
Authors: Balocco Carla , Colaianni Alessandro
Published: October 2018

The aim of our present research is to investigate possible solutions for the achievement of indoor comfort with the absence of any draft risks in the occupied zones of Cultural Heritage school building. A simple method for sustainable, reversible, and easily maintainable operations on the plant system, oriented to indoor comfort improvement and possible building-plant system refurbishment, is provided. It is based on thermal comfort assessment at an early design stage, carried out by dynamic simulation and CFD techniques. It helps to identify major ineffective equipment in historical school buildings, and potential sustainable, noninvasive, reversible, and conservative measures. Results obtained by a simulation exercise of a historical school building, a check case study, showed that the evaluation of thermal comfort conditions can be a strong guideline for reversible plant design. This guarantees building protection and preventive conservation. Refurbishment and retrofitting solutions, with a lower impact can be identified. Thus in depth assessment of the building physics and plant performance aiming at energy efficacy and sustainability, can contribute to finding out the balance between energy saving, sustainability, and quality of life. Our method can be a useful tool for effectiveness analysis on retrofit and refurbishment measures for similar case studies.
Actors and Politics in Finland’s Forest-Based Bioeconomy Network
Authors: Korhonen Jaana , Giurca Alexandru , Brockhaus Maria , Toppinen Anne
Published: October 2018

To foster innovativeness for supporting (forest-based) bioeconomy development, participation in decision-making and interaction between diverse actors become a necessary precondition for designing and implementing transition policies. However, who forms the emerging policy networks, and which policy beliefs are promoted? Based on data from a national online survey, we performed a quantitative social network analysis to investigate emerging social structures and policy beliefs in the context of the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. Our explorative analysis shows that research, governmental, and industrial organizations mainly constitute the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy network. Actors primarily exchange information, and most key organizations report high levels of trust among each other. However, the network structure is rather closed. This raises concerns about equal benefit sharing and the inclusiveness of concerned actors. We discuss the implication of this network structure for enabling new innovations. Finally, we present the key aspects and drivers of “business as usual”, and suggest an option for or a more transformative change in the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy.
A Benthic Zonation System as a Fundamental Tool for Natural Capital Assessment in a Marine Environment: A Case Study in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
Authors: Marcelli Marco , Scanu Sergio , Frattarelli Francesco Manfredi , Mancini Emanuele , Carli Filippo Maria
Published: October 2018

Coastal marine areas are characterized by the highest values of ecosystem services and by multiple uses that are often in conflict with each other. Natural capital analysis is claimed to be a valid tool to support space planning. In the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) of the European Union (EU), the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC) Scientific and Policy Report 2014 defines the monitoring of specific descriptors and their possible use, based on an ecosystem-services approach. Mediterranean marine ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity and the presence of relevant benthic biocenosis that can be used as a tool to support coastal planning, conservation, and monitoring programs. In this study, we considered the Mediterranean benthic biocenosis, as classified by Pérès and Picard, as a working tool and propose a basic spatial unit for the assessment of marine ecosystem services. Focusing on a high-resolution local-scale analysis, this work presents an accurate identification of the different biocenoses for the coastal area of Civitavecchia in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, and ecosystem services, as well as a benefits assessment, of the Posidonia oceanica meadows.
Study on an Automatic Parking Method Based on the Sliding Mode Variable Structure and Fuzzy Logical Control
Authors: Xu Ying , Lu Zefeng , Shan Xin , Jia Wenhao , Wei Bo , Wang Yingqing
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses an automatic parking control method based on the combination of the sliding mode variable structure control (SMVSC) and fuzzy logical control. SMVSC is applied to drive the vehicle from a random initial position and pose, to the designated parking position and pose. Then, the vehicle is driven from the designated parking position to the target parking slot using the method of fuzzy logical control, whose rules are limited to the range of the effective initial position. To combine SMVSC with the fuzzy logical control, the experimental results demonstrate that effective parking can be guaranteed, even if the initial position is out of the effective parking area of the fuzzy logical control.
Gender and Community Mainstreaming in Fog Water Collection Systems
Authors: Lucier Kayla J. , Qadir Manzoor
Published: October 2018

Fog water collection is an emerging opportunity to combat local water shortages in water-scarce areas where sustainable access to water is unreliable, but fog events are frequent. Since fog water systems are implemented within or near communities, they eliminate or decrease the need to travel far distances for the collection of water during times of scarcity. As a result, these systems decrease the physical and social burden of water collection on women and girls, who are the primary water gatherers in most traditional communities. This is an important outcome because women and girls are disproportionately affected by water scarcity and are not seen as equals in water management, access, or control. This paper illustrates how several fog water collection projects have shown, empirically, that the positive outcomes for women and girls may include the freeing of time for domestic and educational pursuits, improved health outcomes, and improved perceptions of self and others’ perceptions of women. These findings are important at a time when the world at large is addressing the Sustainable Development Agenda, where Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 necessitates safe water and sanitation for all and SDG 5 ensures gender equality to empower all women and girls.
Discovering the Political Implications of Coproduction in Water Governance
Authors: Lepenies Robert , Hüesker Frank , Beck Silke , Brugnach Marcela
Published: October 2018

This paper asks what lessons can be learned from experiences with coproduction in water governance. For this, we review a comprehensive corpus of articles in the field of water governance that relies on the term. We find that there are radically different understandings of what coproduction means in different branches of the water governance literature. Through this review, we demonstrate how and why coproduction needs to be analyzed for its political implications. Despite being timely and pressing, these questions are not addressed in a sufficient way by the scholarly debate on coproduction. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we first distinguish different historical traditions of coproduction and then explore their political implications along three questions: The “why?”, the “who?”, and the “how?”. We show that these questions find different answers not just between but also within different traditions of using the term. After describing and contrasting these variants, we conclude by summarizing the main lessons from our review and by identifying questions which call for future research.
Stationary and Non-Stationary Frameworks for Extreme Rainfall Time Series in Southern Italy
Authors: De Luca Davide Luciano , Galasso Luciano
Published: October 2018

This study tests stationary and non-stationary approaches for modelling data series of hydro-meteorological variables. Specifically, the authors considered annual maximum rainfall accumulations observed in the Calabria region (southern Italy), and attention was focused on time series characterized by heavy rainfall events which occurred from 1 January 2000 in the study area. This choice is justified by the need to check if the recent rainfall events in the new century can be considered as very different or not from the events occurred in the past. In detail, the whole data set of each considered time series (characterized by a sample size N > 40 data) was analyzed, in order to compare recent and past rainfall accumulations, which occurred in a specific site. All the proposed models were based on the Two-Component Extreme Value (TCEV) probability distribution, which is frequently applied for annual maximum time series in Calabria. The authors discussed the possible sources of uncertainty related to each framework and remarked on the crucial role played by ergodicity. In fact, if the process is assumed to be non-stationary, then ergodicity cannot hold, and thus possible trends should be derived from external sources, different from the time series of interest: in this work, Regional Climate Models’ (RCMs) outputs were considered in order to assess possible trends of TCEV parameters. From the obtained results, it does not seem essential to adopt non-stationary models, as significant trends do not appear from the observed data, due to a relevant number of heavy events which also occurred in the central part of the last century.
Numerical Investigation on the Hydraulic Properties of the Skimming Flow over Pooled Stepped Spillway
Authors: Li Shicheng , Zhang Jianmin
Published: October 2018

Pooled stepped spillway is known for high aeration efficiency and energy dissipation, but the understanding for the effects of pool weir configuration on the flow properties and energy loss is relatively limited, so RNG k − ε εturbulence model with VOF method was employed to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of the stepped spillways with four types of pool weirs. The calculated results suggested the flow in the stepped spillway with staggered configuration of` two-sided pooled and central pooled steps (TP-CP) was highly three dimensional and created more flow instabilities and vortex structures, leading to 1.5 times higher energy dissipation rate than the fully pooled configuration (FP-FP). In FP-FP configuration, the stepped spillway with fully pooled and two-sided pooled steps (FP-TP) and the spillway with fully pooled and central pooled steps (FP-CP), the pressure on the horizontal step surfaces presented U-shaped variation, and TP-CP showed the greatest pressure fluctuation. For FP-TP and FP-CP, the vortex development in the transverse direction presented the opposite phenomenon, and the maximum vortex intensity in TP-CP occurred at Z/W = 0.25, while FP-FP illustrated no significant change in the transverse direction. The overlaying flow velocity distribution in the spanwise direction demonstrated no obvious difference among FP-FP, FP-TP, and FP-CP, while the velocity in TP-CP increased from the axial plane to the sidewalls, but the maximum velocity for all cases were approximately the same.
Hurricanes as a Major Driver of Coastal Erosion in the Mississippi River Delta: A Multi-Decadal Analysis of Shoreline Retreat Rates at Bay Champagne, Louisiana (USA)
Authors: Dietz Marianne E. , Liu Kam-biu , Bianchette Thomas A.
Published: October 2018

The Louisiana shoreline is rapidly retreating as a result of factors such as sea-level rise and land subsidence. The northern Gulf of Mexico coast is also a hotspot for hurricane landfalls, and several major storms have impacted this region in the past few decades. A section of the Louisiana (USA) coast that has one of the highest rates of shoreline retreat in North America is the Caminada-Moreau headland, located south of New Orleans. Bay Champagne is a coastal lake within the headland that provides a unique opportunity to investigate shoreline retreat and the coastal effects of hurricanes. In order to examine the influence of hurricanes on the rate of shoreline retreat, 35 years (1983–2018) of Landsat imagery was analyzed. During that period of time, the shoreline has retreated 292 m. The overall rate of shoreline retreat, prior to a beach re-nourishment project completed in 2014, was over 12 m per year. A period of high hurricane frequency (1998–2013) corresponds to an increased average shoreline retreat rate of >21 m per year. Coastal features created by multiple hurricanes that have impacted this site have persisted for several years. Bay Champagne has lost 48% of its surface area over the last 35 years as a result of long-term shoreline retreat. If shoreline retreat continues at the average rate, it is expected that Bay Champagne will disappear completely within the next 40 years.
Exploring the Statistical and Distributional Properties of Residential Water Demand at Fine Time Scales
Authors: Kossieris Panagiotis , Makropoulos Christos
Published: October 2018

Residential water demand consists one of the most uncertain factors posing extra difficulties in the efficient planning and management of urban water systems. Currently, high resolution data from smart meters provide the means for a better understanding and modelling of this variable at a household level and fine temporal scales. Having this in mind, this paper examines the statistical and distributional properties of residential water demand at a 15-minute and hourly scale, which are the temporal scales of interest for the majority of urban water modeling applications. Towards this, we investigate large residential water demand records of different characteristics. The analysis indicates that the studied characteristics of the marginal distribution of water demand vary among households as well as on the basis of different time intervals. Both month-to-month and hour-to-hour analysis reveal that the mean value and the probability of no demand exhibit high variability while the changes in the shape characteristics of the marginal distributions of the nonzero values are significantly less. The investigation of performance of 10 probabilistic models reveals that Gamma and Weibull distributions can be used to adequately describe the nonzero water demand records of different characteristics at both time scales.
Electrical Characterization and Micro X-ray Computed Tomography Analysis of Next-Generation Silicon Alloy Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Berckmans Gert , De Sutter Lysander , Kersys Algirdas , Kriston Akos , Marinaro Mario , Kasper Michael , Axmann Peter , Smekens Jelle , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret , Pfrang Andreas , Jaguemont Joris , Van Mierlo Joeri , Omar Noshin
Published: October 2018

This study analyzed a prototype of a pouch cell containing silicon alloy anodes with the potential to significantly increase the energy density, resulting in improved autonomy for electric vehicles. An electrical characterization campaign was performed, resulting in three main observations. Firstly, measurements showed a high energy density, although a high lower cutoff voltage (3.0 V) was used due to the prototypical nature of the cells. Further optimization would allow a decrease of the lower cutoff voltage, resulting in an even higher energy density. Secondly, a large open-circuit voltage hysteresis was observed, increasing the complexity for equivalent circuit models. Thirdly, ballooning of the pouch cell was observed, most likely caused by gas formation. This leads to a loss of active surface area, significantly reducing the cell’s capacity. This third observation was more thoroughly investigated by 3D computed tomography, which showed mechanical deformation of the layers. An extensive literature review revealed that the addition of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to the electrolyte enhances the cycling stability of silicon alloy batteries but leads to the production of CO 2 as a side reaction. Furthermore, the usage of external pressure was proposed and validated as a methodology to reduce the production of CO 2 while improving the cells’ performance.
Untersuchungen zur kombinierten internen-externen Radiotherapie (CIERT) am Zellmodell
Authors: Bartzsch Thomas , Maucksch Ute , Freudenberg Robert , Wunderlich Gerd , Kotzerke Jörg , Oehme Liane
Published: October 2018

Ziel: Eine kombinierte interne-externe Radiotherapie (CIERT) erfordert eine einheitliche Betrachtung der biologischen Strahlenwirkung. Dafür sollte der Formalismus der Biologisch Effektiven Dosis (BED) am Zellmodell überprüft werden. Methoden: NIS-positive Schilddrüsenzellen FRTL-5 wurden mit Röntgenstrahlung oder/und mit Tc-99m-Pertechnetat bestrahlt. Anoder Abwesenheit von Perchlorat konnte die aktive zelluläre Aufnahme des Radiotracers während 24 h Bestrahlungsdauer verhindern oder zulassen. Die Dosisbestimmung für die Radionuklidbestrahlung erfolgte auf Basis gemessener Uptakewerte mittels Monte-Carlo-Simulation. Aus Dosiswirkungskurven mit Koloniebildungs-Assay als biologischem Endpunkt wurden zellspezifische radiobiologische Parameter abgeleitet. Für Kombinationsbestrahlungen unter Variation von Reihenfolge und Zeitabstand wurde das Zellüberleben mit Vorhersagewerten des BED-Formalismus verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die für Röntgenbestrahlung ermittelten Parameter α = (0,22 ± 0,02) Gy-1, β = (0,021 ± 0,001) Gy-2 und Reparaturhalbwertszeit (1,51 ± 0,21) h erklären auch die Dosiswirkungskurven für Tc-99m-Pertechnetat mit exponentiell fallender Dosisleistung. Die CIERT-Experimente zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich Reihenfolge und Bestrahlungspause, jedoch bei Radionuklidaufnahme in die Zellen ein geringeres Überleben als durch die BED vorhergesagt. Schlussfolgerung: Am Zellmodell konnte verifiziert werden, dass die BED grundsätzlich zur Beschreibung von biologischen Strahleneffekten bei unterschiedlichen Strahlenqualitäten und Dosisleistungen anwendbar ist. Ob bei intrazellulärer Radionuklidaufnahme in Kombination mit Röntgenbestrahlung supraadditive Effekte entstehen, die auf Auger- und Konversionselektronen des Tc-99m zurückzuführen sind, bedarf weiterer Experimente.
As instâncias sociais numa aula experimental de química no 9º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Venturi Gabriela , Santarelli Iohana , Maceno Nicole Glock
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho busca apresentar e discutir as instâncias sociais do conhecimento em uma aula experimental, cujo tema foi “Os corais e os processos físicos e químicos”, ministrada numa classe do nono ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola de São Bento do Sul, em Santa Catarina. A pesquisa focalizou na análise das instâncias sociais em sala de aula tendo como objetivo a instrução formal quanto às etapas de dois experimentos denominados “A reciclagem do giz” e “A reação do vinagre com o giz”. A construção e a justificação do conhecimento foram realizadas pela professora com o uso de recursos audiovisuais e a apresentação de estratégias comunicativas que visaram o ensino e a interação com toda a turma. Foram selecionados segmentos discursivos da professora e agrupados em três subcategorias: produção, comunicação e avaliação do conhecimento. Os seis episódios discursivos investigados foram escolhidos com base na identificação de segmentos em que houve maior grau de interação entre a professora e os estudantes. Os resultados encontrados podem contribuir para compreender as instâncias sociais priorizadas em sala de aula, o processo de construção e avaliação do conhecimento, além dos modos e estratégias de orientação e suporte da professora em relação aos processos de aprendizagem da turma.
Os discursos nos filmes de ficção científica: ensino de ciências e a produção de sentidos na perspectiva socioambiental
Authors: Ferreira Júlio César David , Barbosa Roberto Gonçalves
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo consiste na análise dos discursos que circulam nos filmes de ficção científica, com ênfase nas noções de ambiente, disciplinaridade, neutralidade e salvacionismo da Ciência. Esses discursos, em suas várias esferas sociais e condições de produção, se manifestam nas relações de ensino e aprendizagem da educação em ciências. A partir da vertente francesa da Análise de Discurso, analisamos a materialidade discursiva dos filmes Interestelar (NOLAN, 2014) e Perdido em Marte (SCOTT, 2015). A escolha dessas duas obras para análise se deve à grande popularidade de ambos, mas principalmente por compartilharem as principais categorias de significação elencadas em nosso recorte discursivo (ambiente, disciplinaridade, neutralidade e salvacionismo da Ciência), ou seja, os filmes dão circularidade a discursos congruentes, consequentemente materializando determinadas ideologias. Muitas vezes, os filmes de ficção científica propagam discursos de uma Ciência ideal, isto é, ocultam valores, preconceitos e ideologias, sobretudo os fatores de ordem social, ambiental e econômica. Tais discursos constroem realidades e acabam fundamentando práticas. Nossas análises indicam a necessidade de uma educação científica e ambiental crítica que problematize discursos presentes não só em filmes, mas em outros meios e espaços de comunicação e significação. Os filmes de ficção científica possuem grande potencial no contexto do ensino das ciências, não somente enquanto mobilizadores da criticidade, mas de um modo mais amplo: as obras de ficção são formas de significação e de mediação que, quando trazidas para o campo pedagógico, potencializam a produção de sentidos para o conhecimento científico, além de ampliar a formação cultural dos sujeitos.
As marcas de aprendizagem por meio da pesquisa, da escrita e da leitura de livros de divulgação científica: uma possibilidade para a sala de aula
Authors: Luca Anelise Grünfeld de , Santos Sandra Aparecida dos , Del Pino José Claudio , Pizzato Michelle Câmara
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta as práticas de leitura realizadas no decorrer de quatro anos com 23 estudantes, entre os anos letivos de 2014 e 2017. Ao longo do Ensino Médio, a esses mesmos estudantes foram sendo apresentadas leituras diferentes, com estratégias didáticas diferentes. Logo após as leituras propostas foram privilegiadas as seguintes estratégias didáticas: rodas de conversas, registros individuais por meio de diários de leitura; apresentação de seminários, elaboração e realização de experimentos, representação de imagens (desenhos ou colagens) e representação teatral. Em 2017, os estudantes que se encontravam no 3º ano do Ensino Médio, foram questionados quanto às memórias/marcas de aprendizagem deixadas pelas práticas de leituras, por meio de um questionário aberto. A partir das respostas dos estudantes foi possível articular duas categorias de análise: marcas de aprendizagem conceitual e dinâmicas de pesquisa. As leituras propostas proporcionaram marcas de aprendizagem evidenciadas pelos estudantes e dinamizaram as pesquisas posteriores, desenvolvidas no decorrer das aulas curriculares, possibilitando aprofundamento e ampliação dos conhecimentos e olhares mais pontuais para os conteúdos conceituais das ciências. Nesse processo as ações propostas pelo professor, no que tange o ensinar e o aprender das habilidades de leitura, individual e coletiva, e de escrita, expressam a relevância dessas práticas em sala de aula.
As práticas discursivas no ensino de química: um estudo das aulas dos licenciandos do programa institucional de bolsas de iniciação à docência
Authors: Silva Ana Carolina Araújo da
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta as práticas discursivas identificadas em aulas de Química de licenciandos do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID. Essas aulas foram observadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto Água em foco: qualidade de vida e cidadania. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender como as abordagens comunicativas são engendradas nas aulas do licenciandos participantes do PIBID. Para a coleta de dados foram filmadas três aulas ministradas por três bolsistas sendo cada aula em uma turma de segundo ano do Ensino Médio de uma mesma escola no município de Belo Horizonte - MG. Na análise de dados, utilizamos a ferramenta analítica proposta por Mortimer e Scott (2003 e 2002) para identificar as classes de abordagem comunicativa e relacioná-las com os tipos de perguntas que aconteceram nas aulas. A partir da filmagem, elaboramos mapas de episódios nos quais selecionamos um episódio de cada aula. Nestes episódios, observamos as perguntas que os licenciandos direcionaram à turma e a partir dos questionamentos realizados buscamos identificar os tipos de abordagem comunicativas que se realizavam. A análise dos dados nos permitiu identificar o esforço realizado pelos licenciandos em promover uma interação com os estudantes, emergindo assim as diferentes classes de abordagem comunicativa. Observamos também que enunciações de processo e metaprocesso facilitam o aparecimento da abordagem interativa dialógica.
Sentidos de aula de física para o ensino médio no discurso de licenciandos
Authors: Da Silva Dayvid Bruno Fernandes , Bozelli Fernanda Cátia
Published: October 2018

As concepções de aula de Física de docentes dessa disciplina podem ser questionáveis e, muitas vezes, dissonantes dos documentos oficiais e das pesquisas na área de Ensino de Física. Isto posto, busca-se responder à seguinte pergunta: “quais os sentidos de aula de Física para o Ensino Médio no discurso de licenciandos de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo?” Para responder à essa pergunta, formou-se um grupo focal constituído por licenciandos em Física, no tema Aula de Física no Ensino Médio. Registrou-se o encontro em áudio e vídeo e estes registros foram posteriormente transcritos para auxiliar a análise dos discursos sob a égide do referencial de Michel Pêcheux. Os sentidos interpretados por meio da análise apontam para a concepção, por parte dos licenciandos, de que a aula de Física para o Ensino Médio deve se constituir em uma mera aplicação da Matemática. A disciplina, desse modo, não se relacionaria à vida cotidiana dos alunos e não requereria metodologias de aula que fujam do conteudismo e da memorização de equações e regras.
Aromas e odores: ensino de funções orgânicas em sequência de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Kazmierczak Elton , Novatski da Rocha Rafael , Skeika Monteiro Tatiane , Follmann Freire Leila Ines , Borges da Silva Jeremias
Published: October 2018

Esta pesquisa é resultado do Trabalho de Conclusão de Docência (TCD) para a disciplina de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado II, caracterizando-se por uma pesquisa-ação realizada durante a regência de estágio. Neste trabalho é feito o relato e a análise de uma sequência didática desenvolvida na perspectiva da teaching-learning sequence(TLS), do inglês sequência de ensino-aprendizagem, de Mehéut & Psillos (2004). O assunto trabalhado em sala de aula trata-se de funções orgânicas relacionadas à sensação de “felicidade”. Trabalhou-se com alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de um colégio da rede pública da cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR, com o tema “aromas e odores”, buscando relacionar as sensações às funções orgânicas. As atividades desenvolvidas incluem práticas experimentais, uso de filmes, atividades demonstrativas, trabalhos em grupo e individuais. Como principal resultado da sequência didática desenvolvida destaca-se a aproximação que os estudantes foram capazes de fazer entre os conhecimentos científicos e o mundo real, a partir da estrutura das aulas pautada na TLS. E das atividades utilizadas em sala de aula, obtivemos também como produto desta sequência a produção de dois poemas desenvolvidos por dois grupos de alunas.This research is result of the Work of Completing the Teaching for the discipline Supervised Curricular Stage II, characterized by an action research carried out during stage regency. In this work, was developed a story and an analysis of a didactic sequence developed from the teaching-learning sequence(TLS) on perspective of Mehéut & Psillos (2004) . The subject of the classroom worker deals with Organic Functions starting from the sensation of "happiness". Work with 3rd year High School students of Ponta Grossa-PR public school, with the theme "Smells and Odors", seeking to relate the sensations and the organic functions. The activities developed included experimental practices, use of movies, demonstrative activities, groups works and individuals. As the main results of the developed teaching-learning sequence (TLS), we highlight an approach in which the students are able to make between the scientific knowledge and the real world, propitiated by the TLS classroom structure. And of the  activities used in the classroom we obtain also as product of this sequence a production of two poems developed by two groups of students.KEYWORDS: smells. sensations. Didactic sequence. Organic functions.  Chemistry educatiom
Avaliação do ciclo de vida para a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Bigarelli Ferreira Mariane , Da Luz Leila Mendes
Published: October 2018

A gestão da cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis é uma prática crescente entre as organizações que buscam melhorar seu desempenho ambiental. Nesta perspectiva, a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) pode ser empregada para considerar os impactos ambientais e de saúde humana causados em toda dimensão da cadeia de suprimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar práticas de ACV para a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, identificando artigos para a realização do estudo, buscados pelos termos: “life cycle assessment”, “supply chain management”, “sustainable supply chain management” e “green supply chain management”, em três bases de dados. Usou-se o EndNote® para gerenciar as referências e o Methodi Ordinatio para classificar os principais estudos. Os resultados apresentaram uma visão das práticas de ACV na cadeia de suprimentos, como: auxílio na tomada de decisão para selecionar fornecedores; identificar recursos mais sustentáveis; modelar a cadeia de suprimentos conforme anseios sustentáveis; determinar as demandas de energia das cadeias de suprimentos; promover um produção mais limpa; avaliar os impactos ambientais de cada elo da cadeia: como a pegada de carbono e a pegada da água; promover avaliação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE).
Avaliação de ciclo de vida (ACV) aplicada à gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) em aterros: uma revisão
Authors: Dai-Prá Léa Beatriz , Mendes Moraes Carlos Alberto , Paulo Gomes Luciana , Martins Marques Vinícius
Published: October 2018

A gestão de RSU inclui a disposição final dos rejeitos e, quanto menor esta parcela disposta em aterros, maiores serão os ganhos ambientais e, consequentemente, a redução de impactos. Processos como reciclagem e compostagem contribuem para a minimização dos impactos causados por aterros, devido a redução da quantidade de rejeitos destinada a este fim. Deste modo, este trabalho analisou a aplicação da ferramenta de ACV como técnica para a gestão de RSU em aterros. Foi avaliado teoricamente um estudo de caso realizado através de softwares de avaliação de ciclo de vida, que mostrou as vantagens e desvantagens de quatro cenários, sendo um deles real. O estudo mostrou melhorias significativas dos indicadores de impacto ambiental, quando incluídos os processos de triagem, reciclagem e compostagem de materiais precedendo ao processo de aterramento de resíduos, corroborando para o aumento de vida útil da área do aterro e redução de emissões.
Recuperação de metais através da reciclagem de placas de circuito impresso oriundas de sucata eletrônica
Authors: Paumann Jonathan Tomazoni , Dorneles Kátia Elizangela Ocanha , Batista Guilherme Lopes , Moraes Carlos Alberto Mendes
Published: October 2018

As reservas naturais de minérios estão diminuindo gradativamente em todo o planeta. Uma das maneiras de minimizar esse problema seria a recuperação de metais contidos em resíduos sólidos industriais ou urbanos, por exemplo, na sucata eletrônica. Por essa razão, o objetivo do trabalho foi recuperar metais de sucata eletrônica, por meio do processamento de Placas de Circuito Impresso. Após a coleta, os resíduos foram separados em três grupos: Aparelhos Celulares, Computadores pessoais e Outros Eletroeletrônicos. Então, realizou-se o processo de desmontagem dos resíduos, visando a retirada das Placas de Circuito Impresso (PCIs). Posteriormente, as PCIs dos resíduos passaram por processos que visaram a obtenção de metais, como processamento mecânico, hidrometalurgia e eletrometalurgia. Mediante lixiviações das amostras, constatou-se que as frações 1 e 3 dos celulares tiveram as maiores massas lixiviadas, 51,2% e 53,4% respectivamente, enquanto que a fração 1 das amostras de PCs e OEEs tiveram 39% e 37% de massa lixiviada, cada. Por meio dos ensaios de voltametria nas amostras, foi possível determinar que o potencial de redução do cobre, nas amostras, é -0,4V vs Ag/AgCl. Nos ensaios de eletro-obtenção, obteve-se nos cátodos um teor de recuperação de 58,26% de cobre. A dessoldagem das PCIs dos PCs possibilitou a obtenção de 14,84 gramas de cobre, 40 gramas de alumínio, 103 gramas da suposta liga Cu-Zn-Ni e 79 gramas da suposta liga Zn-Fe. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a dessoldagem é uma forma eficiente de pré-tratamento das PCIs e que é possível obter o cobre por meio da via eletroquímica.
Programa de alimentação escolar na américa latina: os casos da Bolívia e do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Indaia Dias , Basso David , Manjabosco Hübner Dedilhana Lamare
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão geral dos programas de alimentação escolar na América Latina descrevendo as experiências desenvolvidas na Bolívia e no Brasil. Especificamente pretende-se verificar a existência de um marco legal que regulamenta a presença de agricultores familiares como fornecedores para a alimentação escolar e os principais desafios enfrentados pelos governos destes países para a efetividade destes programas. Quanto ao nível do estudo, este trabalho se constitui em uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Na Bolívia, em 2014 foi regulamentada nacionalmente a alimentação escolar, cujo objetivo foi universalizar este serviço e incluir agricultores familiares como fornecedores. No caso brasileiro, a alimentação escolar possui mais de cinquenta anos de existência, mas só a partir de 2009 é que foi regulamentada a participação de agricultores familiares como fornecedores para o programa. Constataram-se no caso boliviano dificuldades por parte da organização dos agricultores familiares para fornecer produtos de qualidade. O Brasil também enfrenta desafios em seu programa, pois a compra direta de produtos da agricultura familiar em vários municípios ocorreu sem o devido preparo dos agricultores.
Levantamento de artigos sobre Interação humano-computador em periódicos de ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
Authors: Moura Milene Rosa de Almeida , Costa Luzia Sigoli Fernandes
Published: October 2018

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) estão inseridas em boa parte das atividades diárias das pessoas. A capacidade de o usuário compreender e fazer um bom uso de uma determinada tecnologia é objeto de estudo da Interação Humano-Computador (IHC). Neste artigo, apresentamos teoricamente a IHC e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia (ESCT) com a finalidade de contextualizar nossa pesquisa, baseada em levantamento bibliográfico sobre a temática IHC nos periódicos Social Studies of Science; Science, Technology and Society; Science, Technology, & Human Values; Science Communication e Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, desde o lançamento de cada periódico até o ano 2016. Como resultado, todos os artigos recuperados abrangem o período de 2003 a 2011, distantes em quase uma década do início das pesquisas relacionando a IHC com o campo Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS).
Strategies and instruments for the dissemination and promotion of open government data use in Brazil: case study of Rio de Janeiro city hall
Authors: Matheus Ricardo , Maia Ribeiro Manuella , Vaz José Carlos
Published: October 2018

Governments have been encouraged the use of open government data (OGD) by society for diverse situations. This article aims to identify strategies to guarantee the management of OGD cycle of use and dissemination of open data. The methodology is based on a single case study of Rio de Janeiro City Hall and covers the period between 2013 to 2016.  In addition to a literature review of OGD, Rio de Janeiro OGD portals were analyzed using the 15 Principles of Open Data and 5-Star Open Data. An analysis of OGD public policy was also conducted, including the legislation and the strategies of OGD usage promotion in Rio. The main results were the identification of four strategy categories that set the OGD public policy (hackathons; prizes and awards; partnerships; and, data journalism). The potential for stimulating the use of open data was analyzed, although its sustainability faces various challenges such as administrative discontinuity and the patterns of use by society.