bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Internet Use and Physical Health, Mental Health, and Subjective Health in Middle-aged and Older Adults: Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Survey in China
Authors: Wen Wen , Zhang Yaru , Shi Wenjie , Li Jiajia
Published: February 2023

Background

Internet use is an important means of accessing health-related information. Identifying the associations between internet use and health outcomes could provide insight into strategies for improving public health among middle-aged and older adults (45 years and up).

Objective

This study aimed to examine the relationship between internet use and health outcomes in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Physical, mental, and subjective health were assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the 3-level Self-Rated Health Scale, respectively. The chi-square test and rank sum test were used to explore whether internet use was associated with health status. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine this association further after controlling for the confounding factors.

Results

Overall, 13% (1752/13,474) of the participants used the internet. Regression analyses revealed that the prevalence of depression (odds ratio [OR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.52-0.68; P<.001), negative self-rated health (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.76; P<.001), and difficulty with ADL (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39-0.60; P<.001) in the participating middle-aged and older adult was lower in those using the internet than nonusers. After controlling for confounding factors, internet use was found to be negatively associated with difficulty with ADL (urban: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.61; P<.001 vs rural: OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.75; P<.001), depression (urban: OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.84; P<.001 vs rural: OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.63; P<.001), and self-rated health status (urban: OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.81; P<.001 vs rural: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.78; P<.001) among middle-aged and older adults in both urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Internet use had a positive effect on the physical and mental health of middle-aged and older adults who participated in this study. However, the internet usage rate remains low among older Chinese people. Therefore, the internet penetration rate should be a priority.
Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride for Early Childhood Caries Among Children Aged 24 to 72 Months: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Basheer N Amitha , Jodalli Praveen S , Nayak Namratha , K S Aparna , Badekkila Avinash R
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Dental caries is a serious public health issue globally. It is one of the most prevalent chronic disease in children worldwide. An important public health concern is the existence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary teeth of preschool children. Early childhood caries (ECC) can be halted with the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. Previous research has indicated that it may have a preventive impact in the treatment of ECC. It is well known that 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is helpful at preventing dental caries. On the other hand, there is not enough evidence on SDF’s ability to prevent caries in primary teeth. To date, no well-planned clinical study has been carried out to investigate SDF’s impact on caries protection.

OBJECTIVE

The study’s objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 12%, 30%, and 38% silver diamine fluoride in preventing ECC in children aged 24 to 72 months in Mangaluru Taluk.

METHODS

This is a single-center, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group pragmatic trial. Children attending preschool in Mangalore Taluk aged 24 to 72 months will be included in the study. There will be three study groups: group 1 will receive 12% SDF semiannually; group 2 will receive 30% SDF semiannually; and group 3 will receive 38% SDF semiannually. After 6 and 12 months, the principal examiner will conduct a clinical examination of the teeth with a visual and tactile assessment. The effectiveness of the various concentrations of SDF will be determined after 12 months.

RESULTS

The research was funded in September 2020, and data collection started in September 2022. As of February 2023, 150 participants have enrolled in the study. The project is still underway, and it is expected to be completed in December 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

Uncertainty surrounds the efficacy of 38% SDF in preventing ECC. Consensus-Based Clinical Case Reporting (CARE) guidelines recommending the use of SDF for ECC prevention will be modified if the findings are as expected. Additionally, since the findings will be broadly disseminated, more nations will implement the use of SDF, easing the burden of ECC on the entire world. Future research on the treatment and prevention of ECC will benefit from the study results. If SDF is successful in preventing caries in a classroom or community context, it will mark an important turning point for preventive dentistry.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/02/023420; https://tinyurl.com/3ju2apab

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/46144
Trialling a Large Language Model (ChatGPT) in General Practice With the Applied Knowledge Test: Observational Study Demonstrating Opportunities and Limitations in Primary Care (Preprint)
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Hassan Refaat , Mahmood Shathar , Sanghera Rohan , Barzangi Kara , El Mukashfi Mohanned , Shah Sachin
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Large language models exhibiting human-level performance in specialized tasks are emerging; examples include Generative Pretrained Transformer 3.5, which underlies the processing of ChatGPT. Rigorous trials are required to understand the capabilities of emerging technology, so that innovation can be directed to benefit patients and practitioners.

OBJECTIVE

Here, we evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT in primary care using the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners Applied Knowledge Test (AKT) as a medium.

METHODS

AKT questions were sourced from a web-based question bank and 2 AKT practice papers. In total, 674 unique AKT questions were inputted to ChatGPT, with the model’s answers recorded and compared to correct answers provided by the Royal College of General Practitioners. Each question was inputted twice in separate ChatGPT sessions, with answers on repeated trials compared to gauge consistency. Subject difficulty was gauged by referring to examiners’ reports from 2018 to 2022. Novel explanations from ChatGPT—defined as information provided that was not inputted within the question or multiple answer choices—were recorded. Performance was analyzed with respect to subject, difficulty, question source, and novel model outputs to explore ChatGPT’s strengths and weaknesses.

RESULTS

Average overall performance of ChatGPT was 60.17%, which is below the mean passing mark in the last 2 years (70.42%). Accuracy differed between sources (P=.04 and .06). ChatGPT’s performance varied with subject category (P=.02 and .02), but variation did not correlate with difficulty (Spearman ρ=–0.241 and –0.238; P=.19 and .20). The proclivity of ChatGPT to provide novel explanations did not affect accuracy (P>.99 and .23).

CONCLUSIONS

Large language models are approaching human expert–level performance, although further development is required to match the performance of qualified primary care physicians in the AKT. Validated high-performance models may serve as assistants or autonomous clinical tools to ameliorate the general practice workforce crisis.
Analyzing Doctors’ Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems in Well-Known Tertiary Hospitals in China Based on an Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Xiaotao , Man Dongliang , Yun Ke , Zhang Shuang , Han Xiaoxu
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have great potential to improve healthcare performance and efficiency, increase safety, and reduce costs. Artificial intelligence-enabled CDSSs (AI-CDSSs) enhance decision-making ability by introducing new AI technologies such as deep neural networks and knowledge graphs. However, factors influencing user acceptance of AI-CDSSs by doctors, especially those from well-known tertiary hospitals in China, are unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing doctors’ acceptance of AI-CDSSs in well-known tertiary hospitals in China.

METHODS

The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model was extended to propose a hypothesized model based on the perspective of doctors’ acceptance of AI-CDSSs. We conducted a web-based survey of doctors from four well-known tertiary hospitals in Liaoning, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Guangdong provinces. We developed and evaluated a 25-item measurement scale. We used partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the data.

RESULTS

A total of 187 doctors completed the survey, and 137 questionnaires were considered effective based on a quality control strategy. Psychometric evaluation of the scale gave a Cronbach α value of 0.932 and corrected item to total correlation values ranging from 0.467 to 0.744. The average variance of extracted values ranged from 0.628 to 0.782, composite reliability values ranged from 0.871 to 0.931, and heterotrait-monotrait ratio values ranged from 0.254 to 0.845. In model testing, the variance inflation factor ranged from 1 to 2.21, the standardized root mean square residual value was 0.055, the squared Euclidean distance (0.995) and the geodesic distance (0.566) were less than the corresponding upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval (0.997 and 0.647). The final model had an explanatory power of 73.1% for user acceptance.

CONCLUSIONS

Doctors’ user acceptance of AI-CDSSs is strongly influenced by effort expectancy, is moderately influenced by trust in (medical) AI and is weakly influenced by social factors. Performance expectancy does not directly influence doctors' acceptance. However, it could indirectly affect doctors' acceptance by trust in (medical) AI as an intermediary. Moreover, trust in (medical) AI as an important new factor in our extended UTAUT model is moderately influenced by social factors and is weakly influenced by effort expectancy and performance expectancy. Finally, effort expectancy is influenced by personal innovativeness, while performance expectancy is influenced by task-technology fit.
Enabling Multicentric Participatory Disease Surveillance for Global Health Enhancement: Viewpoint on Global Flu View (Preprint)
Authors: Leal Neto Onicio , Paolotti Daniela , Dalton Craig , Carlson Sandra , Susumpow Patipat , Parker Matt , Phetra Polowat , Lau Eric H Y , Colizza Vittoria , Jan van Hoek Albert , Kjelsø Charlotte , Brownstein John S , Smolinski Mark S
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Participatory surveillance (PS) has been defined as the bidirectional process of transmitting and receiving data for action by directly engaging the target population. Often represented as self-reported symptoms directly from the public, PS can provide evidence of an emerging disease or concentration of symptoms in certain areas, potentially identifying signs of an early outbreak. The construction of sets of symptoms to represent various disease syndromes provides a mechanism for the early detection of multiple health threats. Global Flu View (GFV) is the first-ever system that merges influenza-like illness (ILI) data from more than 8 countries plus 1 region (Hong Kong) on 4 continents for global monitoring of this annual health threat. GFV provides a digital ecosystem for spatial and temporal visualization of syndromic aggregates compatible with ILI from the various systems currently participating in GFV in near real time, updated weekly. In 2018, the first prototype of a digital platform to combine data from several ILI PS programs was created. At that time, the priority was to have a digital environment that brought together different programs through an application program interface, providing a real time map of syndromic trends that could demonstrate where and when ILI was spreading in various regions of the globe. After 2 years running as an experimental model and incorporating feedback from partner programs, GFV was restructured to empower the community of public health practitioners, data scientists, and researchers by providing an open data channel among these contributors for sharing experiences across the network. GFV was redesigned to serve not only as a data hub but also as a dynamic knowledge network around participatory ILI surveillance by providing knowledge exchange among programs. Connectivity between existing PS systems enables a network of cooperation and collaboration with great potential for continuous public health impact. The exchange of knowledge within this network is not limited only to health professionals and researchers but also provides an opportunity for the general public to have an active voice in the collective construction of health settings. The focus on preparing the next generation of epidemiologists will be of great importance to scale innovative approaches like PS. GFV provides a useful example of the value of globally integrated PS data to help reduce the risks and damages of the next pandemic.
A Call for Standardization of Clinical Content for EMRs in Primary Care across Canada (Preprint)
Authors: Khairzad Amama , Aditya Ishan , Seth Puneet
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

There is an urgent need to provide all primary care clinicians with a standardized library of clinical content accessible in their electronic medical records to help introduce efficiency, consistency, and improve patient outcomes.
Insights into the core bacterial consortia of root endophytes in two cultivated varieties of rice in West Bengal
Authors: Sengupta Subhadipa , Singh Pankaj K. , Ganguli Sayak
Published: February 2023

Root endophytes are considered to be one of the potent environment-friendly substitutes for chemical fertilizers, as they possess an ability to induce crosstalk inside the hosts for growth promotion, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and iron sequestration. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the key root endophytic bacterial consortia of two widely cultivated varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.), cv. ‘Saraswati’ (OS01) and cv. ‘Kunti’ (OS04). Detailed comparative metagenome data were generated for endophytes of OS01 and OS04 and the species richness was calculated. OS01 showed higher endophyte species richness than OS04, with alpha diversity values of 3.10 and 2.40, respectively. Bacillus, Magnetospirillum, Methanocystis, Desulfomicrobium and Pantoea were identified as common endophyte members for both cultivars. Solibacillus, Paenibacillus, Candidatus, and Melospira were unique members of OS01, and Herbaspirillum, Pandoraea, Anabaenopsis for OS04. Considerable occurrence of nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the cultivars confirmed biological nitrogen fixation, which can contribute to plant development. Core homeotic pathways of amino acid biosynthesis and carbon metabolism were also reflected in endophytes from both cultivars, indicating a supportive environment for microorganisms. Sulfur metabolism pathways were likewise predicted to be active in the niche under study, which may be attributed as a response to arsenic stress. Furthermore, the most abundant genera identified may potentially serve as crucial consortium candidates for host plant development and contribute to better yield in a sustainable manner.
Expression of highly conserved developmental phase change regulating miR156 and miR172 microRNAs in silver birch using real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing methodologies
Authors: Krivmane Baiba , Samsone Ineta , Ruņģis Dainis Edgars
Published: February 2023

Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is the most significant deciduous tree species in Latvia. Efficient vegetative reproduction methods are crucial for shortening breeding cycles. In many woody tree species, success of vegetative propagation sharply decreases as individuals mature. Development of molecular genetic markers related to phase change has the potential to increase the efficiency of vegetative reproduction methods. Studies in annual model plant species have identified evolutionary highly conserved miRNAs that are involved in phase change – miR156 and miR172. This study compared expression levels of these miRNA families using two approaches – real-time PCR (RT‑PCR) and high-throughput sequencing, in silver birch in vitro shoot samples. High expression of miR156 in juvenile samples was identified by both methods, but increased expression of miR172 was only observed by RT‑PCR. Further studies in long-lived perennial species are needed to fully elucidate the miRNAs involved in developmental phase transition processes.
“You Don’t Want to Drink? What Are You, Pregnant?!”
Authors: Harding Kelly D. , Dionne Alexandre , Harding Eric V.
Published: February 2023

Background and objective

Pregnant women, women of childbearing age, and their partners frequently report obtaining information about alcohol use during pregnancy from the mass media. Relying on mainstream media sources, such as television, can be problematic when the information presented is inaccurate, contributing to inconsistent messaging about the ‘safety’ of alcohol use during pregnancy. In the current study, we aimed to explore the portrayal of alcohol (and substance) use (e.g., tobacco, opioids) during pregnancy in North American, English speaking mainstream prime time and streaming television shows ( N = 25). To the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has explored the representations of alcohol (and/or substance use) during pregnancy in this context.

Materials and methods

The following inclusion criteria guided the show selection: (1) top 100 shows on cable/streaming services targeting women aged 18 to 49 years, and (2) shows suggested by targeted social media posts. Using ethnographic content analysis (ECA), the content and role of television media narratives in the social construction of alcohol meanings concerning the safety of alcohol use during pregnancy were explored.

Results and conclusion

In line with ECA, the results and conclusion are discussed together. The results and discussion are presented under an overarching narrative, the dichotomy of women's alcohol and substance use, which illustrates the sociocultural construction of alcohol and substance use during pregnancy. Within this overarching narrative, we focus on two sub-narratives: (1) women's acceptable use and (2) women's villainous use. Our analysis indicates misrepresentations regarding the safety of alcohol use during conception (e.g., Friends from College) and pregnancy (e.g., How I Met Your Mother, The Mindy Project). In addition, a narrative was identified relating to the difficulty of keeping a pregnancy private when not drinking socially (e.g., Friends, The Office). These narratives reinforced a dichotomy between the types of women who drink during pregnancy, including some for whom it was okay to have ‘just a little bit’ (e.g., How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory, Black Mirror) in contrast to others who were portrayed as villains who engaged in binge drinking behaviour and/or other comorbid substance use (e.g., Grey's Anatomy, Private Practice, Chicago Med, Law & Order). These results demonstrate the need to provide a clear, consistent messaging about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy, as mixed messages from television can contribute to misinformation. The recommendations for messaging, as well as changing our approaches to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention in the light of these findings are discussed.
Towards Healthy Outcomes for Individuals with FASD
Authors: Joly Vannesa , Harding Kelly , Pei Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

Background and objective

Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) may experience a range of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological difficulties that can result from prenatal alcohol exposure. Intervention approaches for individuals with FASD are required to respond to evolving strengths and needs throughout their lifespan.

Material and methods

In response to these evolving unique needs, best practices were developed by integrating current research findings with the experiences of individuals with FASD and their caregivers. The “ Towards Healthy Outcomes” approach has been developed to provide an evidence-informed framework to support intervention for individuals with FASD throughout their lifespan.

Results

This framework was developed based on core philosophies that create opportunities for individualized intervention support, including development throughout the lifespan, impact of interacting systems, and a strengths-based approach. These underlying philosophies and core beliefs are actioned throughout the lifespan around the following 12 domains: (1) physical health; (2) attachment; (3) family cohesion; (4) social functioning; (5) mental health and regulation; (6) education; (7) identity development; (8) community engagement; (9) adaptive skills; (10) housing; (11) employment; and (12) parenting skills. To establish its potential use, each of these domains is considered broadly within the context of FASD field, including the new ideas put forward by the studies included in this issue.

Conclusion

The “ Towards Healthy Outcomes” framework is an intervention approach that facilitates proactive and evidence-informed approaches to foster the development of individuals with FASD. It provides developmental considerations that are specific to the 12 domains and reflect the whole person. Furthermore, the “ Towards Healthy Outcomes” framework allows for the integration of research with the lived experiences of caregivers and individuals with FASD that bridges existing research gaps.
Experiencing disease and medical treatment in renaissance Italy: Cardinal Pietro Bembo and his circle
Authors: Henderson John , Zivkovic Valentina
Published: February 2023

This article, which examines contemporaries? personal experience of illness
in Renaissance Italy, is part of a growing literature which concentrates on
the patient rather than the practitioner. The basis of this study is the
correspondence of Pietro Bembo, the well-known humanist, papal secretary and
latterly Cardinal, with his cousin Gian Matteo Bembo and his long-standing
secretary and friend, Cola Bruno. These letters are revealing of how a
non-medical man understood and described illness in the sixteenth century,
and his personal experience associated particularly with ?mal delle reni?,
which he shared with his friends and recommended treatments. It also reveals
his attitude towards medical practitioners, ranging from scepticism to fully
embracing new therapies such as Holy Wood, which was used to treat the new
epidemic disease of the Great Pox. Indeed he shared his enthusiasm for the
efficacy of this drug with his great friend the physician Girolamo
Fracastoro, the author of Syphilis, the poem which he dedicated to Bembo,
and also of the treatise De contagione et contagiosis morbis (1546).
The second eastern crisis (1875-1878): Echoes, volunteers and Italian interests
Authors: Guida Francesco
Published: February 2023

The actions of Balkan insurgents during Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878 were
closely followed by Giuseppe Garibaldi and his supporters as well as by the
Italian politicians and writers that were a part Mazzini?s school of
thought. Garibaldi actively sustained the insurgents and his red shirts went
to fight in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the first year of the Crisis. When the
uprising evolved into a war of Serbia and Montenegro against the Ottomans
the involvement of red shirts as well as the one of volunteers in general
was considerable reduced, with the exception of the Russian contingent under
the commandment of the Russian general Mikhail Chernyaev. However, the
interest for the ongoing developments in the Bosnia and Herzegovina only
changed the form, since Italian politicians and journalists made several
projects trying to mobilize Italian general public to support South Slav
cause. The Venetian writer Marco Antonio Canini even imagined a confederal
solution for the nations in the Danube basin thus trying to overcome the
conflicts between the nascent nationalisms that could dispute among them the
territorial heritage of the Austria-Hungary after its projected demise. None
of the projects were put in practice, but they remain as testimony of
Italian interest and involvement into the Great Eastern Crisis and its
consequences.
The march on Rome and its consequences. Views of Yugoslav contemporaries
Authors: Ristovic Milan
Published: February 2023

This paper looks at the Yugoslav public?s reactions to the rise of fascism
and Mussolini?s coming to power in Italy. The main source for the analysis
of this change at the top of power structure have been texts published in
the contemporary Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian daily press, periodicals
and publications. Among their authors were active diplomats of the Kingdom
of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, influential political figures of diverse
political leanings. Observation of the rise of fascism, its violent
?methodology? of disposing of its political rivals, the misplaced response
of the traditional centres of power and the ceding of ground to the fascists
caused concern on the east side of the Adriatic over further radicalization
of Italian nationalism and irredentist claims in spite of the obligations
assumed under the treaties concluded by the two governments.
Italy in the writings of Slobodan Jovanovic
Authors: Milosavljevic Boris
Published: February 2023

Slobodan Jovanovic made frequent stays in Italy since his earliest childhood,
which contributed to his thorough and comprehensive understanding of Italian
history, politics, science, culture and arts. His father, Vladimir
Jovanovic, maintained close contact with Mazzini, whose liberal nationalism
he embraced and followed. Some of their closest family members resided in
Rome during the First World War, because Vladimir Jovanovic?s sonin-law,
Mihailo Ristic, served as Serbia?s minister to Italy (1914-17). For about
half a century Slobodan Jovanovic was an interpreter of Italian political
history, of its influence on Serbian and Yugoslav history, and of the work
of Italian statesmen and theorists, notably Machiavelli. In the 1930s he
taught a doctoral course on Italian public law and corporate system. After
the Second World War he lived in exile in London. Some of the works he
published there showed that some solutions in the constitution of socialist
Yugoslavia, presented as an original invention, had already existed in
interwar Italian corporate law.
Creation of an alternate reality: The organization and propaganda activities of the government of national salvation from 1941 until 1944
Authors: Mraovic Marijana
Published: February 2023

The complexity and rise of the awareness of the importance of propaganda in
the Second World War, alongside improvements in the means of mass
communication, influenced the emergence of institutional propaganda actions
of the wartime collaborationist regime in the territory of occupied Serbia.
The paper is primarily based on archive material from the Military Archives
of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia. It also includes an
analysis of the methods and models of the propaganda collaborationist
administration and its representatives in the period of the Council of
Commissars, as well as the ?Government of National Salvation? during the
entire period of occupation. It describes the formation and work of the
Section for State Propaganda and its connection with the German propaganda
machine, in addition to highlighting some peculiarities of the propaganda
placed in the public of the occupied Serbia.
Reliability of main fan coal mining plants
Authors: Dramlic Dejan , Ristic Vladica , Djukanovic Dusko , Djokic Nemanja , Zlatanovic Dragan
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a mathematical model for determining the reliability of
ventilation plants was given and said ventilation plant was checked using a
specific example for two types of fans operating in different modes due to
the difference in the age of the fans. Within the framework of the paper,
the principles of arrangement of ventilation systems of mines are stated,
after which the mathematical model for determining the probability of
reliability of ventilation systems is presented. For checking and proving
the given mathematical model, coal mines in Serbia have been selected. The
experimental part presents the basic characteristics of the main fan plants
of active underground coal mines in Serbia, and based on the given
mathematical model and collected data on downtime in the operation of the
main fan plants at coal mines, the reliability of their operation is
calculated. The paper confirms that the proposed method of determining the
mathematical probability of reliability of ventilation systems can be used
as an initial indicator of ventilation systems, where regular plant
maintenance and application of this mathematical model could predict and
prevent the operation of ventilation systems, and thus extend their
lifespan. By processing the data on the operation of ventilation plants, the
appropriate empirical dependence of the reliability parameters was obtained
with the corresponding dependence, which enables application in practice.
Does YouTube provide adequate information about orthodontic pain?
Authors: Tamošiūnaitė Ieva , Vasiliauskas Arūnas , Dindaroğlu Furkan
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the content and quality of information about orthodontic pain on YouTube.

Materials and Methods

YouTube was searched using the keywords “orthodontic pain” and “brace pain.” A total of 65 videos were chosen for the final analysis. Videos were classified into high- and low-content groups using an eight-point scoring system and reviewed according to selected orthodontic pain–related topics. Video quality was rated by the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI) and Global Quality Scale (GQS). Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 software, Mann-Whitney U-tests, χ2 tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results

Most YouTube videos related to orthodontic pain were low content (86.2%), and a few were high content (13.8%). Pharmacological pain relief was the most prevalent topic (50.8%), followed by duration of pain (32.3%) and influence of pain on patient quality of life (29.2%). The least-mentioned topic was possible location of pain (7.7%). Most of the videos were uploaded by laypeople (64.6%). Videos uploaded by dental professionals had significantly higher means of GQS scores (P = .035), flow of information (P < .001), information quality (P = .008), and total VIQI (P < .001). Compared with low-content, high-content videos had a higher mean of flow of information (P = .037). There was a weak correlation between total content and GQS scores and a strong correlation between GQS and VIQI scores (r = 0.740; P < .01).

Conclusions

Overall, YouTube was found to be an inadequate source of information on orthodontic pain.
Různé tváře podvojnosti: O hledání a definování rozdílností a plurality od tradičního čínského myšlení až po současnost
Authors: Karmazin Aleš
Published: February 2023

This essay discusses Petr Drulák’s book titled Podvojný svět [The Dual World]. The book’s main ambition lies in countering what it perceives as homogenising and unifying tendencies rooted in Western monotheism and its religious and secular forms. Hence, one of the primary topics of the book is the question of difference and plurality. One of the sources used by Petr Drulák for thinking about the duality-based (non-monotheist) world is the Book of Changes, one of the key Chinese philosophical classics. In this paper, I consider which politico-philosophical implications the Book of Changes may have and how to read those in relation to Drulák’s work. There can be a wide range of duality-based worlds, which is implied even by the existence of diverse interpretations of ancient Chinese philosophy. I argue that in his vision of the duality-based world, Drulák’s acknowledgement of differences and plurality is limited and entails the stabilisation of differences into predefined or expectable categories and boundaries.
Megalomanské proroctví Petra Druláka
Authors: Slačálek Ondřej
Published: February 2023

In the introduction, the paper identifies three main formal problems of Petr Drulák as a political thinker: (1) excessive thematic ambition, (2) contradiction of content and form, and (3) a tendency to schematism and essentialism. Then the paper illustrates these formal shortcomings by pointing to six contentious moments in his book Podvojný svět [The Dual World]: (1) an overly polarizing depiction of the contradiction between polytheism and monotheism, (2) an emphasis on naturalism in his own solution, (3) a one-sided conception of Central Europe, (4) an overly schematizing depiction of Czech history, and (5) a problematic substitution of “democracy without adjectives” for a liberal democracy that fails to address guarantees of freedoms as its necessary preconditions. In the sixth section, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between Drulák’s position and fascism. It concludes that Drulák has more in common with the Czech “monotheistic prophets” Masaryk and Havel than he would admit.
The implementation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as an eco-friendly material in toy design development
Authors: Jameel Muhammad , Kamil Mohamed ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,Institute of Creative Arts and Technology (iCreate), Sarawak, Malaysia,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,Design Technology Programme,Faculty of Applied and CreativeArts (FACA), Sarawak, Malaysia, Shaukat Sarah Aliya ,   Debit Circle SDN BHD, KualaLumpur, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Due to a substantial impact of hazardous materials in toy design, numerous toy companies have opted for an eco-friendly toy by promoting a legacy of innovation rather than waste and degradation. Furthermore, one of the most significant polymers for being recognised as a safe toy material is Polycaprolactone (PCL). However, in Malaysia, the study of Malaysian parent’s level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys, their behaviour in purchasing and managing toys at home, as well as the preferences of play type for their children, is not widely discussed. Thus, forty (40) Malaysian parents have participated in an online survey conducted by the research team. The result of the study found that most Malaysian parents has a low level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys for their children, lack the skills needed in handling broken or unused toys, and have selected criteria to be considered when purchasing a toy. Furthermore, a set of semi-working toy design was successfully developed using PCL as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of this study will contribute to inspire future toy designers to account for Malaysian parent’s preferences when developing eco-friendly toys.
MIXED METHOD RESEARCH
Authors: Masrizal Masrizal
Published: February 2023

Mixed Method Research adalah metode penelitian yang diaplikasikan bila peneliti memiliki pertanyaan yang perlu diuji dari segi outcomes dan prosesnya, serta menyangkut kombinasi antara metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam satu penelitian. Karena berfokus pada outcomes dan proses, maka desain MMR biasa digunakan dalam penelitian evaluasi program. Namun sekarang, MMR sudah sering digunakan untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial, seperti: konseling, psikologi social manajemen, dan pengorganisasian perilaku.
Patient-Centered Core Impacts Sets (PC-CIS): What They Are and What They Are Not
Authors: Perfetto Eleanor M. , Schrandt Suz , Escontrías Omar A. , Burke Laurie B.
Published: February 2023

Letter to the Editor
We are writing regarding the Innovations in Pharmacy commentary entitled, “Evidentiary Standards for Patient-Centered Core Impact Value Claims.”(1) We thank Dr. Langley for commenting on the National Health Council’s work on patient-centered core impact sets (PC-CIS), an initiative spearheaded by the nonprofit organization and its membership with multi-stakeholder representation and input.(2-4) While we have tried to be clear and transparent about the intent of PC-CIS, the commentary made it apparent to us we need to (and will) do more to be explicit about what a PC-CIS is and is not, and its possible downstream uses.
 We believe the PC-CIS concept was misrepresented in the commentary and want to provide clarification for readers so they can consider the merits of the initiative for themselves.
Sürdürülebilir İşletmeler İçin Yeni Bir Çözüm Olan Blok Zinciri Teknolojisi Üzerine Sistematik Bir İnceleme
Authors: ÇALIŞ DUMAN Meral
Published: February 2023

Blok zincir teknolojisi bir veri, varlık ve ilgili işlemler defteridir ve dijital dönüşüm ile işletmelerin gündemine hızlı bir şekilde girmiştir. Blok zincir bir dijital dönüşüm, verimlilik ve rekabet aracı olarak işletmelerin dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, işletmelerin daha sürdürülebilir olmasında yeni bir çözüm önerisi olarak karşımıza çıkan blok zincir teknolojisini incelemektir. Blok zincir teknolojisinin işletmelerin sürdürülebilirliği noktasında ne gibi potansiyellere sahip olduğunu anlamak, örnek uygulamaları görmek, verimlilik üzerine etkilerini araştırmak ve literatüre katkı sağlamak diğer amaçlardır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sistematik literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntem ile ilgili alandaki yapılan önemli çalışmaları inceleyerek bir takım varsayım ve sonuçlara varmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilgili veri tabanlarından elde edilen araştırmalara göre analiz yapılmıştır. Sistematik inceleme sonuçlarına göre, blok zincir teknolojisi sürdürülebilir işletmeler için önemli potansiyellere sahiptir. Bu potansiyeller özellikle kaynakların etkin kullanılması ve çevrenin korunması üzerinedir. Blok zinciri, temiz enerji, temiz iklim, akıllı şehirlerin kurulması, ekonomik ve finansal işlemlerde kolaylık, akıllı üretim, akıllı tedarik zinciri gibi imkanları sağlayabilir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine veri yönetimi, e-uygulamalar, enerji yönetimi gibi konularda destek sağlayabilir. Bunlara ilaveten, blok zincir teknolojisi, işletmelerin kaynaklarını etkin kullanmalarına, israfı azaltmalarına, işlem maliyetlerini azaltmalarına, ulusal ve uluslararası alanda finansal akışlarını hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde halletmelerine ve karbon emisyonlarını azaltmalarına katkı sağlayarak, daha yüksek sürdürülebilir bir örgütsel performansa imkan sağlayabilir.
Refugee Self-Management and the Question of Governance
Authors: Hyndman Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The author considers the organization of refugee camps as "communities"or "institutions" and takes the position that refugee camps are too institutional in character to establish or maintain traditional community-based supports. The implications that such definitions hold for camp governance and for the situation of refugee women, in particular, are discussed and the problematics for refugee self-govemance are focused on the complex organizational boundaries drawn between UNHCR, NGOs and the camp refugees. A gendered framework is pivotal to the analyses.
Responses of Growth and Grain Yield of IR50404 Rice to Temperature Stress
Authors: Phuoc Le Huu , Suliansyah Irfan , Arlius Feri , Chaniago Irawati , Thanh Xuan Nguyen Thi , Van Quan Pham
Published: February 2023

Climate changes, rising warmth, drought, and CO2, are now seriously influencing agriculture. In this study, four separate greenhouses (labeled GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4) were built with plastic roofs and walls, except GH1, which had three walls with mesh to evaluate the impact of temperature stress on growth, biomass, and yield of rice variety IR50404 under different temperature regimes. The control treatment group was grown ambient, next to these greenhouses. GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4â€™s temperatures were from 0.9 oC to 3.1 oC higher than the ambient (as control). Carbon dioxide concentrations in GH2, GH3, and GH4 were recorded higher than the ambient, from 34.1 ppm to 48.2 ppm. Total vegetative dry matter was reduced from 15.9% to 20.5%, while grain yield declined from 20.8% to 24.6% when the mean temperature increased from 2.9 oC to 3.1 oC. High temperature or a combination of high-temperature stress with elevated CO2 concentration reduced the grain yield and total vegetative dry matter.
Gıda İşletmelerinin Yeşil Lojistik Uygulamaları ve Lojistik Performanslarının Demografik Faktörlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: DELİCE AKCA Tuğba , AKDOĞAN Mehmet Şükrü
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada yeşil tedarik, yeşil ambalajlama, yeşil dağıtım, tersine lojistik ve lojistik performans faktörlerinin işletmelerin faaliyetlerine ve yöneticilerin demografik özelliklerine göre değişip değişmediğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul Sanayi Odası 2017-2018 yılı “Türkiye’nin En Büyük 1000 Kuruluşu” içinden 120 gıda işletmesi yöneticileriyle yapılan anketle veriler toplanmış ve elde edilen veriler Bağımsız Örneklemler T Testi ve Tek Yönlü ANOVA ile test edilmiştir. Analizlerde yeşil tedarik, yeşil dağıtım, yeşil ambalajlama, tersine lojistik ve lojistik performans faktörlerinin demografik değişkenlerin bazılarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterirken bazılarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelecekte benzer çalışmaların gıda sektörü dışında farklı sektörlerde de yapılarak çevreye verilen zararın belirlenmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması açısından bu çalışmanın önemli olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
Spring: A Season Of New Beginnings And The End Of The Dinosaurs
Authors: During Melanie
Published: February 2023

We probably all know about the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, from an asteroid hitting the Yucatán peninsula. The impact caused tsunamis and earthquakes. Pieces of molten Earth rock were ejected into space, and later rained back down. This event caused death for everything exposed.  We describe how fishes from North Dakota help inform us on the season of the extinction.
Evaluation of antimicrobial property of nanochitosan coated orthodontic brackets against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus – an in vitro study
Authors: Mayma Nathasha , Sangeetha Duraisamy , Ravi Kannan
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial property of nanochitosan coated and uncoated stainless steel (SS) brackets against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Materials and Methods:

22 SS orthodontic brackets coated with nanochitosan and 22 uncoated brackets were bonded to the crowns of extracted premolar teeth and prepared for the antimicrobial assay against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. The bacterial suspensions were incubated in Mueller Hinton broth and cultivated in Petri dish plates. The bacterial colonies were counted after 1, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h intervals using a digital colony counter. Inter and intragroup comparisons were done using independent sample t-test and repeated measures ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

The mean colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans and L. acidophilus showed a significant reduction in the coated brackets from 1 h to 72 h (P = 0.000). The mean CFU of S. mutans and L. acidophilus showed a significant increase in the uncoated brackets from 1 h to 24 h and decreased thereafter at 72 h (P = 0.000) except for S. mutans between 12 h and 72 h where the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.837). The Mean CFU of S. mutans and L. acidophilus was significantly lesser in coated brackets compared to uncoated brackets at all-time intervals (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Nanochitosan coated orthodontic brackets showed significant antimicrobial properties against S. mutans and L. acidophilus in short-term up to 72 h compared to uncoated SS brackets.
Comparison of clinico-radiological profile, optical coherence tomography parameters, and outcome in MOGAD and Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder subtypes: A prospective observational study
Authors: Dhar Nikita , Kumar Mritunjai , Tiwari Ashutosh , Samanta Ramanuj , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Vivekanandhan S. , Saxena Sudhir , Kumar Niraj
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to compare the clinico-radiological profile, optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and outcome in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorders (MOGAD) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum disorder subtypes.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study involved collection of data regarding neurological assessment, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, OCT parameters, treatment and outcome. Disease severity and disability were assessed using Expanded Disability Status Scale and modified Rankin scale. Patients were categorized into aquaporin-4 (AQP4+), MOGAD, and double negative (DN; both AQP4 and MOG negative).

Results:

Among 31 patients included, 42% were AQP4+, 32.2% were MOGAD, and 25.7% were DN. The median age at onset was comparable (AQP4+ vs. MOGAD vs. DN = 28 years vs. 24.4 years vs. 31.5years;P= 0.31). Females predominated in AQP4+ compared to MOGAD group (76.9% vs. 30%;P= 0.02). Majority of patients (73.5%) had a relapsing course with a median of two (range = 1–9) relapses. Ninety-nine demyelinating events occurred: Transverse myelitis (TM) in 60/99 (60.6%), optic neuritis (ON) in 43/99 (43.4%), area postrema (AP) syndrome in 20/99 (20.1%), and optico-spinal syndrome in 10/99 (10.1%). ON was common in MOGAD than AQP4+ patients (58.6% vs. 32.1%;P= 0.03). Spinal cord and brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were seen in 90.3% and 54.8% patients, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of AQP4+ patients showed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis as compared to MOGAD group (69.2 % vs. 20 %;P= 0.04), specifically involving dorsal cord (92.3% vs. 50%;P= 0.02). MRI brain lesions, especially involving AP, was frequent in DN than MOGAD (47.1% vs. 6.9%;P= 0.003) and AQP4+ (47.1% vs. 18.9%;P= 0.03) patients. AQP4+ group showed significant nasal RNFL thinning on OCT (P= 0.04). Although 6-month good functional outcome was better in MOGAD than DN and AQP4+ (80% vs. 71.4% vs. 41.7%) groups, they were comparable (P= 0.13).

Conclusion:

Nearly three-fourth of our patients showed a relapsing course, with TM being the most common clinical presentation. AQP4+ group showed female preponderance, frequent dorsal cord longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, less frequent ON, and greater nasal RNFL thinning compared to MOGAD group. MRI brain lesions were more common in DN patients. All three groups exhibited good response to pulse corticosteroids and showed a comparable functional outcome at 6-month follow-up.