bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Value of Blood miR-654-5p, miR-126, miR-10b, and miR-144 in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Du Gang , Ren Chongren , Wang Ju , Ma Jun
Published: October 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer-related death and the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer across the globe. The objective of this study is to obtain novel and effective diagnostic markers to enrich CRC diagnosis methods. Herein, exosomal miRNA expression data of CRC and normal blood were subjected to XGBoost algorithm, and 5 miRNAs related to CRC diagnosis were primarily confirmed. Then multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers were constructed based on different subsets. Via integrated feature selection (IFS), we noticed that the MLP classifier constructed by the first four miRNAs (miR-654-5p, miR-126, miR-10b, and miR-144) had the highest Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction was performed on samples based on the miR-654-5p, miR-126, miR-10b, and miR-144 expression data. The signature based on these four feature miRNAs, as the analysis indicated, could effectively distinguish CRC samples from normal samples. Further, we extracted the exosomes from clinical blood samples and applied qRT-PCR analysis, which revealed that the expression of these four feature miRNAs was in the trend of that in the test set. Collectively, these four feature miRNAs might be tumor biomarkers in the serum, and our study offers innovative thinking on early-stage CRC diagnosis.
An Approach for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Catalytic Production of Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Authors: Parhizi Zahra , Nayebi Milad , Mohammadzadeh Edris , Torfi Reza
Published: October 2022

The current exploration manifests the progress of a one-dimensional reactor for the production of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a commercial-industrial solvent with a relatively rapid evaporation rate and high solvation ability. MEK has been extensively utilized in colorings, printing, artificial leather, and base oils. One of the methods for the production of MEK is catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-butyl alcohol in the temperature range of 650–750 K utilizing spherical ZnO catalyst. Considering the high cost of fossil fuels to achieve optimal energy consumption, thermal coupling with the Fischer–Tropsch reaction was employed. Eventually, an evolutionary genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the reactor to maximize MEK production. MATLAB software was utilized for the modeling and optimization. The modeling results were verified by industrial data. Moreover, they indicated a 37 and 55.4% increase in the production rate of thermal coupling and optimal thermal coupling reactors, respectively.
China-Laos Economic and Trade Cooperation and Construction of Sustainable Energy Cargo Channel under the Background of “One Belt, One Road”
Authors: Phompida Sonexay , Yu Donghua
Published: October 2022

With the increasing import volume of China’s oil and natural gas, the structure of China’s energy supply chain (ESC) has become more and more complex. How to use the “Belt and Road” (OBOR) layout to promote China’s regional energy cooperation and ensure China’s energy security has become an important international issue facing China. This paper constructs an ESC network model in the context of the OBOR, and finds out the position of China in this network model. This paper also finds out the role law of each risk influencing factor, analyzes the degree of its influence, and puts forward some suggestions on the risk management of ESC according to the analysis results. This paper proposes to use decision tree algorithm to guide the development and construction of Sino-Lao economic and trade cooperation, which will help analyze and help the construction and research of Sino-Lao economic and trade cooperation and sustainable energy freight corridor. Based on the energy cooperation between China and the countries along the “Belt and Road,” this paper analyzes the network structure of energy cooperation under the “Belt and Road” background based on the small-world network theory. This paper analyzes the important role of core countries in the ESC through the analysis of the basic parameters of the small-world network, the efficiency of energy cooperation, and the stability of energy cooperation. According to the value of each vertex degree obtained by the calculation formula of entropy value, the entropy value of the ESC network structure under the background of OBOR can be obtained as 2.408. It calculates that the maximum and minimum entropy of the ESC network structure at this time are 3.09 and 2.21 respectively.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Exploration on the Intervention of Qinghao Biejia Decoction on the Inflammation‐Carcinoma Transformation Process of Chronic Liver Disease via MAPK and PI3k/AKT Pathway
Authors: Cheng Xin , Han Zhong-Xiao , Su Zi-Jie , Zhang Feng-Lin , Li Biao-Ping , Jiang Zhi-Rui , Tang Ling , Yang Jia-Shun
Published: October 2022

Chronic liver disease(CLD) is a slow‐developing and long‐term disease that can cause serious damage to the liver. Thus far, it has been associated with viral hepatitis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease(ALD), hepatic fibrosis(HF), liver cirrhosis (LC), and liver cancer. Qinghao Biejia Decoction (QBD) is a classic ancient Chinese herbal prescription with strong immune‐enhancing, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumor effects. In this study, we used a network pharmacology approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms of QBD in the inflammation‐carcinoma transformation process of chronic liver disease. Two key drug targets, MAPK1 and PIK3CA, were screened using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, revealing dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, 12‐O‐Nicotinoylisolineolone, caffeic acid, and diincarvilone A as active ingredients involved in QBD mechanisms. The main signaling pathways involved were the PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. In summary, our results indicated that QBD affects the inflammatory transformation of chronic liver disease through MAPK1 and PIK3CA and signaling pathways MAPK and PI3K/AKT. These data provide research direction for investigating the mechanisms underlying the inflammation‐carcinoma transformation process in QBD for chronic liver disease.
Neuromedin U Induces Activation of Peripheral Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells through the ERK Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Qi Xueping , Zhuo Hedi , Wang Yanjie , Ren Fanggang , Xue Jinmei , An Yunfang , Zhao Changqing
Published: October 2022

Introduction: In allergic diseases, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles. Neuromedin U (NMU), a highly conserved multifunctional neuropeptide, is secreted by cholinergic neurons and involved in asthma pathogenesis by amplifying lung inflammation driven by ILC2s. However, the precise effects of NMU on ILC2s in allergic rhinitis (AR) and related diseases remain unclear. Methods: A total of 15 patients with persistent AR and 8 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores are used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms in AR patients. The percentages of ILC2s in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were enumerated using flow cytometry. The soluble or intracellular cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) in PBMCs or sorted ILC2s were assessed in response to various stimuli with IL-33, NMU, IL-33 combined with extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor or NMU combined with ERK inhibitor in the presence of IL-2. Results: We confirmed the proportion of circulating ILC2s was significantly higher in AR patients than in HCs. ILC2s levels were found to be positively related to VAS scores. We also discovered that the release of IL-5 and IL-13 in AR patients’ PBMCs stimulated by NMU (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) or IL-33 (p = 0.002; p = 0.044, respectively) was significantly higher than in HCs. In AR patients, NMU stimulated PBMCs or ILC2s to generate greater inflammatory factors IL-5 and IL-13 compared to IL-33. Furthermore, we observed that NMU-promoted ILC2s activation and proliferation functions were restricted when the ERK pathway was inhibited. Conclusion: NMU effectively activated ILC2s in AR patients to produce Th2-type cytokines, and this activation can be prevented by ERK pathway inhibitors. Our findings shed new light on the neuro-immune mechanism of AR and offer new insights into its prevention and treatment.
Endoscopic Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Leaks
Authors: Drefs Moritz , Schardey Josefine , von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt Viktor , Wirth Ulrich , Burian Maria , Zimmermann Petra , Werner Jens , Kühn Florian
Published: October 2022

Background: Spontaneous or postoperative gastrointestinal defects are still life-threatening complications with elevated morbidity and mortality. Recently, endoscopic treatment options – up and foremost endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) – have become increasingly popular and have shown promising results in these patients. Methods: We performed an electronic systematic search of the MEDLINE databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane) and searched for studies evaluating endoscopic options for the treatment of esophageal and colorectal leakages and/or perforations until March 2022. Results: The closure rate of both esophageal and colorectal defects by EVT is high and even exceeds the results of surgical revision in parts. Out of all endoscopic treatment options, EVT shows most evidence and appears to have the highest therapeutic success rates. Furthermore, EVT for both indications had a low rate of serious complications without relevant in-hospital mortality. In selected patients, EVT can be applied without fecal diversion and transferred to an outpatient setting. Conclusion: Despite multiple endoscopic treatment options, EVT is increasingly becoming the new gold standard in endoscopic treatment of extraperitoneal defects of the upper and lower GI tract with localized peritonitis or mediastinitis and without close proximity to major blood vessels. However, further prospective, comparative studies are needed to strengthen the current evidence.
Effective control of Alphitobius diaperinus using natural bioinsecticides
Authors:   Department of Biology, Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia, Subekti Niken , Cahyaningrum Shinta ,   Department of Biology, Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia, Maulana Sonika ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

Pest insects known as darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) are common in poultry farms. These pests can develop into a variety of disease vectors, causing damage to chicken coops, decreased chick performance, and financial losses to farmers. In Indonesia, synthetic insecticides are still used for pest control, which is detrimental to non-target creatures and the environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of biopesticides from cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum aromaticum), nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans), lavender flowers (Lavandula angustifolia), and lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia), as well as synthetic insecticides alpha-cypermethrin against A. diaperinus larvae and imago. Bioinsecticide levels are 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, while alpha-cypermethrin levels are 1%, 4%, 7%, and 10%, respectively, based on LC50 values. The analysis was repeated three times and the treatment was carried out every two days for a total of 14 days. The data were analyzed with paired sample t-tests to determine the average difference in each treatment when there was an average difference and calculated N-Gain score to determine the effectiveness of biopesticides and synthetic insecticides. The average value of N-Gain essential oil from cinnamon bark extract was successful in causing A.diaperinus death in the imago stage (81.14) and the highest larvae (80) of other test solutions. Cinnamon bark extract and nutmeg seed extract are effective in imago (95.14) and larvae (78.91), respectively, and can be used as a natural biopesticide to replace synthetic insecticides in the control of A.diaperinus in imago and larvae stages. Keywords: Biological control, Biopesticides, Environmental management, Essential oils
Morphological Characteristics and Growth Behavior of Ridge Gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] in Tropical Urban Ecosystem
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia, Lakitan Benyamin , Rizar Fitra ,   College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia, Muda Strayker ,   College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) is a climbing vegetable that produces edible fruits. Young fruits are harvested at a time when the seed coats have been established, but cotyledons have not yet formed. This study covered morphological characteristics, growth behavior, and cultivation practices suitable for increasing the production of the ridge gourd in urban ecosystems. Results of observation revealed the heart-shaped leaf of the ridge gourd was very uniform, and the leaf surface was flat so that their leaf area could be accurately estimated using leaf length and/or width (R2 > 0.97). Yet, leaf thickness was not a reliable predictor for the leaf area (R2 < 0.34). The length of petioles was not correlated with the leaf blade area. All single leaves, multiple tendrils, an inflorescence of male flowers and/or a single female flower, and a branch could be formed at each stem node. Water content in the leaf blade was lower than in the petiole. This phenomenon is related to water favor loss due to transpiration activity. Nevertheless, the total conserved water within the leaf blade was 6.26 times more than those within the petiole. The process of fruit enlargement followed the Sigmoid curve. The upper end of the curve started to flatten 10 days after the female flower bloomed. Moreover, at the age of 10 days, cotyledon has not yet formed, so it can be used as a guide to determine the harvest time of the gourd ridge fruit. Based on the leaf SPAD value, by the time the fruit began to enlarge, 4-5 leaves at the stem base were instigated to show symptoms of senescence. Ridge gourd fruit fresh weight can be best estimated using the length × diameter of the plants as a predictor. Keywords: Climbing vegetable, Fruit age, Leaf shape, Sigmoid curve, Urban olericulture
Factors Related to Acceptance of Covid-19 Vaccine among Hemodialysis Patients in Indonesia
Authors:   Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang, Perdhana Langgeng , Yuliyanti Suryani ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia, Chasani Shofa ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Sofro Muchlis ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang
Published: October 2022

Hemodialysis patients are at risk of being infected with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). On the other hand. End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) plays a role as a predictor factor of severe Covid-19 infection. There is no data about factors that affect Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among hemodialysis patients in Indonesia. This study’s goal is to determine the factors related to Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among hemodialysis patients. A Cross-sectional study occurred in September 2021 in the hemodialysis unit at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang. Inclusion criteria include ESKD patients who underwent hemodialysis ≥3 months, hemodialysis frequency twice a week, communicable, and agree to join in this study. While patients with incomplete data. and being treated in the Covid-19 isolation ward are excluded from this study. Collected data analyzed using chi-square using Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) 18.0 version. From 87 respondents, 36 (41.4%) respondents have been vaccinated and 51 (58.6%) respondents have not been vaccinated. Hemodialysis patients with high educational level, elderly, and has undergone hemodialysis >18 months have higher acceptances of Covid-19 vaccine (57.1% and 33.9%; 60.9% and 34.4%; 51% and 38.5%, p-value 0.04; 0.027; 0.03. Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.7; 1.8; 1.8). While gender, marital status, and history of Covid-19 infection did not have a significant relationship to Covid-19 vaccine acceptance (p > 0.05). Educational level, elderly patients, and duration of hemodialysis have a higher acceptance of the Covid19 vaccine among the hemodialysis population. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, End-Stage Kidney Disease, Immunity, SARSCoV-2, Vaccination
Attenuated Sympathetic Blood Pressure Transduction in Patients With Treated Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nardone Massimo , Notarius Catherine F. , Badrov Mark B. , Millar Philip J. , Floras John S.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with reduced cardiac β-adrenergic signal transduction in response to chronic elevations in neurally released and circulating norepinephrine. Whether elevations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are accompanied by attenuated α-adrenoceptor–mediated vasoconstriction remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to compare transduction of sympathetic firing into blood pressure (BP) in treated patients with HFrEF and healthy controls.

Methods:

Twenty-three treated patients with HFrEF (4 females, left ventricular ejection fraction: 28±2%) and 22 healthy controls (6 females) underwent a 7-minute resting measurement of continuous beat-to-beat BP (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiography), and MSNA (microneurography). Sympathetic-BP transduction was quantified using both signal averaging, whereby the BP response to each MSNA burst was serially tracked over 15 cardiac cycles and averaged to derive the peak change in BP, and cross-spectral analysis of low-frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz) MSNA and BP oscillations.

Results:

Compared with controls, patients with HFrEF had less sympathetic-BP transduction (0.7±0.3 versus 0.2±0.3 mm Hg;
P
<0.01), and lower low-frequency oscillations in MSNA (120±56 versus 64±32 arbitrary units
2
;
P
<0.01) and BP (3.1±1.6 versus 2.0±1.7 mm Hg
2
;
P
<0.01). In subgroup analysis, resting sympathetic-BP transduction was lower in patients with HFrEF with normal resting MSNA compared to healthy controls (0.7±0.3 versus 0.4±0.3 mm Hg;
P
=0.01) and further attenuated (0.1±0.1 mm Hg;
P
=0.03) in patients with HFrEF with elevated resting MSNA.

Conclusions:

Treated HFrEF is associated with lower sympathetic-BP transduction, even when MSNA is not elevated, and diminishes further with disease progression. These adaptations may serve to limit the adverse consequences of oscillatory surges in sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge on stroke volume.
Junzi 君子 as a Confucian Feminist Ideal
Authors: Herr Ranjoo Seodu
Published: October 2022

I propose a conception of Confucian feminism faithful to the original vision of the Confucian masters centered on the moral ideal of the junzi. Although the junzi 君子 has traditionally been conceived as male-gendered, my proposal for Confucian feminism is predicated on reclaiming the junzi as a gender-transcending feminist ideal. It follows in the footsteps of two premodern Korean female Confucian scholars, Yun-ji-dang and Chōng-il-dang, who deserve to be considered the first Confucian feminists. Recognizing their Confucian feminism’s limitations, however, I explore necessary conditions for reimagining the ideal of the junzi as a feminist ideal in contemporary Confucian East Asia.
Qing 情 in Confucian Thought
Authors: Shun Kwong-loi
Published: October 2022

While the term qing is often translated as “emotions”, it differs from the contemporary notion of emotions in two respects. Its scope also includes such items as likes, dislikes and desires, and it is often used to refer not just to the actual responses of humans but also to the condition of the heart/mind that underlies such responses. The paper examines the evolvement of the term leading to this usage, and explores the different views of qing that evolved leading to the Song-Ming Confucian view of qing as a basic part of the human constitution that needs to be properly nourished.
Tycho Brahe’s Health and Death: What Can We Learn from the Trace Element Levels Found in His Hair and Bone Samples?
Authors: Karpenko Vladimír , Kučera Jan
Published: October 2022

Based on the analysis of Tycho Brahe’s hair and bones for the presence of elevated levels of the elements iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), silver (Ag) and gold (Au), this paper tries to find their likely sources and to judge whether the unusual concentrations in which they were found could have been due to some form of medication. On the basis of an osteopathological study, an attempt is made moreover to arrive at a comprehensive picture of Brahe’s health. As a possible source of the elements in question, his three elixirs and their compositions are discussed. Additionally, further inorganic medicines of the period containing the above-mentioned elements are presented and, where possible, their medical usage is discussed. While a combination of pathological data and probable medication is used to draw a general picture of Brahe’s health and potential illnesses, some questions cannot be conclusively answered, however, until more data about the astronomer’s health conditions come to light.
Assessing the Projected Changes in European Air Stagnation due to Climate Change
Authors: Maddison Jacob W. , Abalos Marta , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Garrido-Perez Jose M. , Ordóñez Carlos , Simpson Isla R.
Published: October 2022

Air pollution is a major environmental threat to human health. Pollutants can reach extreme levels in the lower atmosphere when weather conditions permit. As pollutant concentrations depend on scales and processes that are not fully represented in current global circulation models (GCMs), and it is often too computationally expensive to run models with atmospheric chemistry and aerosol processes, air stagnation is often used as a proxy for pollution events with particular success in Europe. However, the variables required to identify air stagnation can have biases in GCM output, which adds uncertainty to projected trends in air stagnation. Here, the representation of air stagnation in GCMs is assessed for Europe in the historical period and in end-of-century projections based on a high-emission scenario using three methods for identifying air stagnation. The monthly frequency of stagnation during summer and autumn is projected to increase with climate change when stagnation is identified by a well-established index. However, this increase is not present when air-stagnation frequency is estimated using a statistical model based on the synoptic- to large-scale atmospheric circulation. This implies that the projected increases in air stagnation are not driven by an increase in frequency or severity of large-scale circulation events that are conducive to stagnation. Indeed, projected changes to the atmospheric circulation in GCMs, in particular a reduction in atmospheric block frequency, would suggest a reduction in future air stagnation. Additional analyses indicate that the projected increases in stagnation frequency follow the trend toward more frequent dry days, which is apparently unrelated to the large-scale drivers of air stagnation.
Dynamics and Impacts of the North Pacific Eddy-Driven Jet Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Dai Ying , Hitchcock Peter , Simpson Isla R.
Published: October 2022

In this study, observations and simulations are used to investigate the mechanisms behind the different surface responses over the North Pacific and North Atlantic basins in response to sudden stratospheric warmings associated with a polar-night jet oscillation event (PJO SSWs). In reanalysis and a free-running preindustrial simulation, on average, a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) response is seen, corresponding to an equatorward shift of the eddy-driven jet. This is considered as the canonical tropospheric response to PJO SSWs. In contrast, the response over the North Pacific is muted. This basin-asymmetric response is shaped by the North Pacific air–sea interactions spun up by the tropospheric precursor to PJO SSWs, which prevent the Pacific eddy-driven jet from responding to the downward influence from the stratosphere. To isolate the downward influence from the sudden warming itself from any preconditioning of the troposphere that may have occurred prior to the warming, a nudging technique is used by which a reference PJO SSW is artificially imposed in a 195-member ensemble spun off from a control simulation. The nudged ensembles show a more basin-symmetric negative Northern Annular Mode (NAM) response, in which the eddy-driven jet shifts equatorward in both the Pacific and Atlantic sectors. Monitoring the atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the North Pacific before and at the onset of PJO SSWs may be useful for forecasting whether a basin-asymmetric negative NAO or basin-symmetric negative NAM response is more likely to emerge. This can be further used to improve subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions of weather and climate.

Significance Statement

Stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs) occur when the eastward winds usually found above the Arctic in the winter spontaneously and rapidly reverse. Following their occurrence, the Northern Hemisphere surface westerlies move southward, sometimes over both the North Atlantic and North Pacific and other times over the North Atlantic only. We therefore wanted to understand this uncertainty in the North Pacific surface westerlies response. We find that the North Pacific surface westerlies response to SSWs can be muted by air–sea interactions over the North Pacific. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the North Pacific before the occurrence of SSWs to forecast whether the Pacific westerlies are likely to respond to SSWs.
Characteristics of Surface “Melt Potential” over Antarctic Ice Shelves based on Regional Atmospheric Model Simulations of Summer Air Temperature Extremes from 1979/80 to 2018/19
Authors: Orr Andrew , Deb Pranab , Clem Kyle R. , Gilbert Ella , Bromwich David H. , Boberg Fredrik , Colwell Steve , Hansen Nicolaj , Lazzara Matthew A. , Mooney Priscilla A. , Mottram Ruth , Niwano Masashi , Phillips Tony , Pishniak Denys , Reijmer Carleen H. , van de Berg Willem Jan , Webster Stuart , Zou Xun
Published: October 2022

We calculate a regional surface “melt potential” index (MPI) over Antarctic ice shelves that describes the frequency (MPI-freq; %) and intensity (MPI-int; K) of daily maximum summer temperatures exceeding a melt threshold of 273.15 K. This is used to determine which ice shelves are vulnerable to melt-induced hydrofracture and is calculated using near-surface temperature output for each summer from 1979/80 to 2018/19 from two high-resolution regional atmospheric model hindcasts (using the MetUM and HIRHAM5). MPI is highest for Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves (MPI-freq 23%–35%, MPI-int 1.2–2.1 K), lowest (2%–3%, <0 K) for the Ronne–Filchner and Ross ice shelves, and around 10%–24% and 0.6–1.7 K for the other West and East Antarctic ice shelves. Hotspots of MPI are apparent over many ice shelves, and they also show a decreasing trend in MPI-freq. The regional circulation patterns associated with high MPI values over West and East Antarctic ice shelves are remarkably consistent for their respective region but tied to different large-scale climate forcings. The West Antarctic circulation resembles the central Pacific El Niño pattern with a stationary Rossby wave and a strong anticyclone over the high-latitude South Pacific. By contrast, the East Antarctic circulation comprises a zonally symmetric negative Southern Annular Mode pattern with a strong regional anticyclone on the plateau and enhanced coastal easterlies/weakened Southern Ocean westerlies. Values of MPI are 3–4 times larger for a lower temperature/melt threshold of 271.15 K used in a sensitivity test, as melting can occur at temperatures lower than 273.15 K depending on snowpack properties.
Baroclinic Tidal Cusps from Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Zaron Edward D.
Published: October 2022

The spatially averaged frequency spectrum of sea level has been computed at 4 cycle-per-year resolution and a Nyquist frequency of 0.5 cycles per hour using dual-satellite crossover data from the Jason and CryoSat-2 satellite altimeter missions. The novelty of the analysis is that it reveals unambiguous peaks due to high-frequency tidal signals, even after removing the predicted barotropic tide, without the usual aliasing caused by altimeter sampling. The tidal continuum, that is, a tidal cusp, is present in the spectrum in the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal bands, and a Lorentzian model spectrum has been fit within each band to identify the properties of the non-phase-locked tidal variability. An interesting feature of the semidiurnal tidal continuum is the unambiguous presence of an inner and an outer band, characterized by different Lorentzian bandwidths of roughly (180 day)−1 and (30 day)−1. Considering different latitude ranges, it is clear that the tidal continuum is most prominent in the range from −30° to 30° latitude. Within this range, it is found that 1.05-cm2 variance is associated with the semidiurnal continuum, and slightly less than half of this variance, 0.41 cm2, is associated with the slower, (180 day)−1 bandwidth, variability. The ratio of non-phase-locked to total baroclinic variability is about 62% in this latitude band, a value that is consistent with previous model-based estimates for this quantity. Quantification of the properties of the tidal continuum poleward of 30° latitude is not possible with the present data, due to the small size of the tidal signal compared to the mesoscale variability and other sources of noise.
Two-Dimensional Clustering of Spectral Changes for the Interpretation of Raman Hyperspectra
Authors: Schulze H. Georg , Rangan Shreyas , Vardaki Martha Z. , Blades Michael W. , Turner Robin F. B. , Piret James M.
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) is a technique that permits the examination of synchronous and asynchronous changes present in hyperspectral data. It produces two-dimensional correlation coefficient maps that represent the mutually correlated changes occurring at all Raman wavenumbers during an implemented perturbation. To focus our analysis on clusters of wavenumbers that tend to change together, we apply a k-means clustering to the wavenumber profiles in the perturbation domain decomposition of the two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. These profiles (or trends) reflect peak intensity changes as a function of the perturbation. We then plot the co-occurrences of cluster members two-dimensionally in a manner analogous to a two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. Because wavenumber profiles are clustered based on their similarity, two-dimensional cluster member spectra reveal which Raman peaks change in a similar manner, rather than how much they are correlated. Furthermore, clustering produces a discrete partitioning of the wavenumbers, thus a two-dimensional cluster member spectrum exhibits a discrete presentation of related Raman peaks as opposed to the more continuous representations in a two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. We demonstrate first the basic principles of the technique with the aid of synthetic data. We then apply it to Raman spectra obtained from a polystyrene perchlorate model system followed by Raman spectra from mammalian cells fixed with different percentages of methanol. Both data sets were designed to produce differential changes in sample components. In both cases, all the peaks pertaining to a given component should then change in a similar manner. We observed that component-based profile clustering did occur for polystyrene and perchlorate in the model system and lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins in the mammalian cell example. This confirmed that the method can translate to “real world” samples. We contrast these results with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy results. To supplement interpretation, we present the cluster-segmented mean spectrum of the hyperspectral data. Overall, this technique is expected to be a valuable adjunct to two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to further facilitate hyperspectral data interpretation and analysis.
Association of 7 million+ tweets featuring suicide-related content with daily calls to the Suicide Prevention Lifeline and with suicides, United States, 2016–2018
Authors: Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Tran Ulrich S , Baginski Hubert , Sinyor Mark , Strauss Markus J , Sumner Steven A , Voracek Martin , Till Benedikt , Murphy Sean , Gonzalez Frances , Gould Madelyn , Garcia David , Draper John , Metzler Hannah
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess associations of various content areas of Twitter posts with help-seeking from the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and with suicides.

Methods:

We retrieved 7,150,610 suicide-related tweets geolocated to the United States and posted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Using a specially devised machine-learning approach, we categorized posts into content about prevention, suicide awareness, personal suicidal ideation without coping, personal coping and recovery, suicide cases and other. We then applied seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average analyses to assess associations of tweet categories with daily calls to the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and suicides on the same day. We hypothesized that coping-related and prevention-related tweets are associated with greater help-seeking and potentially fewer suicides.

Results:

The percentage of posts per category was 15.4% (standard deviation: 7.6%) for awareness, 13.8% (standard deviation: 9.4%) for prevention, 12.3% (standard deviation: 9.1%) for suicide cases, 2.4% (standard deviation: 2.1%) for suicidal ideation without coping and 0.8% (standard deviation: 1.7%) for coping posts. Tweets about prevention were positively associated with Lifeline calls ( B = 1.94, SE = 0.73, p = 0.008) and negatively associated with suicides ( B = −0.11, standard error = 0.05, p = 0.038). Total number of tweets were negatively associated with calls ( B = −0.01, standard error  = 0.0003, p = 0.007) and positively associated with suicide, ( B = 6.4 × 10−5, standard error  = 2.6 × 10−5, p = 0.015).

Conclusion:

This is the first large-scale study to suggest that daily volume of specific suicide-prevention-related social media content on Twitter corresponds to higher daily levels of help-seeking behaviour and lower daily number of suicide deaths.

Preregistration:

As Predicted, #66922, 26 May 2021.
Contract Farming in West Bengal: Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications
Authors: Mukherjee Sumana
Published: October 2022

In order to revive the agricultural sector under the neoliberal regime, contract farming has been emerging as a new agricultural technology in India and in the state of West Bengal, in particular. The present paper is a micro-level comparative study of West Bengal, dominated mainly by small and marginal farmers, which serves as an interesting case for highlighting on the pattern of cropping changes over time. The study highlights on the contract farming models prevailing in the study area, the specific implications of the nature of contracts followed by a detailed discussion on the characteristics of the crop under contract and the structure of contract farming in the study area. The article also attempts to investigate the factors inducing contract farming by different size classes of farmers as well as contract farming through individual agents vis-a-vis cooperatives using a logistic regression model. The study reflects that the success of contract farming as an emerging alternative institution that may alter the existing farm practices as suggested by the recent Farm Bill, 2020, depends much on the nature of the product as well as the contract.

JEL Codes: Q12; Q13; Q15; Y10.
A vision-based container position measuring system for ARMG
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Huang Yage , Zhang Zhiwei , Postolache Octavian , Mi Chao
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the problems of existing container positioning methods and proposed a vision-based container position measuring system to provide precise parameters for container lifting operations. This system uses camera to get container information, then detects container corners by the method that combined with convolutional neural network and traditional image processing algorithm. This system is used to provide specific parameters associated with container lifting operation. In the first of detection, it uses the modified SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) neural network to detect the coarse position of container corners in the image, second stage detection uses the usage of rectangle fitting to detect the precise position of corner holes in the coarse position. In the last step the offset distance and deflection angle were calculated by precise corner position. The experiment shows the detection rate of the proposed system reach 94%. The positioning errors between 14.3 and 19.6 mm for a frame rate of 10 fps are obtained.
Evidence of the unthinkable: Experimental wargaming at the nuclear threshold
Authors: Reddie Andrew W , Goldblum Bethany L
Published: October 2022

Ongoing nuclear modernization programs in Russia, China, and the USA have reopened longstanding debates among scholars concerning whether tailored nuclear weapons are likely to have destabilizing consequences for international security. Without data to adjudicate this debate, however, these discussions have remained entirely theoretical. In this article, we introduce an experimental wargaming platform, SIGNAL, to quantify the effect of tailored nuclear capabilities on the nuclear threshold in a simulated environment. We then compare these results with a survey experiment using scenarios related to military basing, cyber operations, and nuclear threats from the wargame environment. While the survey experiments suggest that the presence of tailored nuclear capabilities increases the likelihood of conflict escalation, this trend diminishes in the wargaming context. Across both data-generating processes, we find support for the proposition that lower-yield nuclear weapons are used as a substitute for their higher-yield counterparts. These results have consequences for recent and ongoing policy debates concerning strategic posture and the future of arms control. This work also makes methodological contributions to the design and application of experimental wargaming for social science research, particularly for scenarios where data are limited or non-existent.
Unpacking the concepts: Examining the link between women’s status and terrorism
Authors: Kattelman Kyle , Burns Courtney
Published: October 2022

In this article, we examine how changes in the status of women affect the intensity of terrorism by using three novel approaches. First, we link terrorist ideology more directly to women’s status using a well-tread topic in feminist literature that is rarely applied to political violence: misogyny. Second, we provide more explicit linkages to misogyny by disaggregating terrorist ideology into four typologies (ethnonationalist, religious, right-wing, and left-wing), arguing that the first three have strong themes of masculinity and patriarchy; ideologies when taken to their extremes distill into misogyny. Finally, previous efforts to study gender equality frequently suffer from imprecise theory and concept stretching. We sidestep this issue by instead focusing on women’s status and employ a new series of measures that broaden our understanding of women’s status from a rights-based approach to one that includes women’s security, inclusion, and legal rights. We do this by disaggregating 634 terrorist organizations to determine whether the level of specific women’s status indicators affects the frequency of violence from specific terrorist ideologies. We test this on a sample of 185 countries from 1970 to 2014 and find that increases in women’s security provoke violence from ethnonationalist and religious groups while increases in women’s legal rights incite violence from right-wing groups.
Differential Relationships Between Work-Life Interface Constructs and Intention to Stay in or Leave the Profession: Evidence From Midwives in Canada
Authors: HakemZadeh Farimah , Chowhan James , Neiterman Elena , Zeytinoglu Isik , Geraci Johanna , Lobb Derek
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates how positive and negative work-personal life interface constructs are differentially associated with intentions to stay in or leave the profession. The findings help map work-personal life interface constructs on the typology of determinants of intention to stay and intention to leave (disengagers, retainers, criticals, and neutrals). The ordered logistic regression (ologit) modelling of cross-sectional data from a representative sample ( n = 601) of midwives in Canada shows that work interference with personal life is a disengager, which has a stronger association with intention to leave than with intention to stay in the profession. Among the work-personal life interface constructs, work enhancement of personal life seems to be the most critical determinant, showing the most substantive association with both intention to stay and intention to leave. This finding suggests that interventions to increase midwives’ intention to stay and decrease their intention to leave should focus on amplifying the enhancing effects of working on midwives’ personal lives. Interventions that aim to reduce work interference with personal life might be more effective in decreasing intention to leave the profession than increasing intention to stay.
Social Space as a Theory of Society: Scientific Arguments Regarding the Figuration of the Social in Bourdieu’s Distinction
Authors: Glevarec Hervé
Published: October 2022

At the core of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory lies the notion of ‘social space’, which in Distinction is embodied under the headings ‘the space of social positions’ and ‘the space of life-styles’. Social space is not a product of correspondence analysis, and yet it is deemed to be a true representation of a national society with ‘universal validity’. Contemporary sociology has not tested the scientific foundation of the Bourdieusian social space, or challenged it using contemporary factorial plans for culture practices. The purpose of this article is therefore to examine social space in four steps: (1) review the supposedly factorial character of the ‘social space’ diagram, and basic concepts, such as ‘lifestyle’ and ‘relative structure of the capital’; (2) analyse the representativeness of the ad hoc cultural survey; (3) critique the interpretation of the two ‘variants of tastes’; and (4) rethink the ‘variant of dominant taste’. What we suggest from our findings is that social space should no longer be considered as a well-founded representation of society.
Construction of womenswear matching expert system based on domain knowledge
Authors: Ma Ling , Li Tao , Guo Ziyi , Lyu Yexin , Zou Fengyuan
Published: October 2022

Clothing matching refers to the coordination of style, color, etc. to achieve a decent and generous effect. With the development of artificial intelligence, increasing research efforts have been dedicated to complementary garment collocation as matching clothes to make a suitable outfit has become a daily headache for many people. However, existing studies neglect rules regarding clothing matching, which are based on the knowledge accumulated in the fashion domain and are implicitly transmitted and ambiguous. Towards this end, this article proposes an expert system based on domain knowledge implemented using the Prolog program to realize rule-guided clothing collocation. The article constructs clothing matching rules from four essential clothing attributes: season, type, style, and color, and uses Prolog syntax for knowledge representation. For the formulated facts and rules, the reasoning machine iteratively matches the user's instructions with the system knowledge to reason out suitable matching suggestions. In this study we built a website as a man-machine interface to facilitate friendly interaction and set season, type, style, and color sub-options to match clothing and satisfy user preferences. The system validation based on standard metrics (precision, recall, F1-measure) achieves results above 81%. The main contribution is that the system could match clothes more accurately according to the likes and requirements of users. After comparing with other research, the system is expected to provide suggestions or references for people to choose style and dressing.
Consumer Reaction to Decelerated Tourism: Pace, Inherent Virtue, and Environmental Concern
Authors: Manthiou Aikaterini , Kuppelwieser Volker G.
Published: October 2022

Timeflow has been identified as an important dimension of the real-time tourism experience. Based conceptually on the consumer acceleration/deceleration approach and the theory of virtue ethics, this research and its four subsequent studies use Bayesian methods to implicitly and explicitly to investigate the following: how consumers perceive pace and value, the connection between decelerated and conventional tourism with inherent virtue or vice, the positive feelings that decelerated tourism produces, and environmental concerns’ moderating role regarding predicting future tourism consumption behavior. The findings reveal that consumption pace is the core of the consumer experience. Decelerated tourism is perceived as virtuous and activate positive feelings. Strong (vs. weak) environmental concerns are considered a travel constraint and an indication of reduced revisit behavior. This research highlights consumption pace’s theoretical contribution and relevance, and offers marketing scholars and practitioners a tool that is useful for understanding consumers’ reactions to decelerated and fast experiential consumption.
Special Education Teachers’ Entangled Agencies, Intersectional Identities, and Commitments to Equity and Inclusion
Authors: Rice Mary F. , Smith Emily
Published: October 2022

Special education technology and its use has largely focused on student concerns with accessing instruction. Where teachers have received attention, it has focused on classroom practices and their understanding of how to use technologies to support students. While some conversations have recently turned to the importance of student identities regarding technologies in special education, the identities of special education teachers in relation to technology use has received less attention. This study takes a narrative inquiry approach to describe a special education teacher who claimed multiple intersecting cultural/ethnic identities and a disability status. The findings from this 2-year engagement highlight how the teacher grappled with using technologies, not just for student learning, but for broader commitments to justice in special education contexts. Implications of this study elaborate on the need to plan special education teacher preparation and support for technologies that honors commitments to equity.