bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition of Late Hellenistic to Early Roman glass vessels from the Souk Excavations, Beirut
Authors: Freestone Ian C. , Brems Dieter , Degryse Patrick
Published: February 2025

Sixty-six glass vessels from excavations in Beirut and dated first century B.C.E. to the first century C.E. have been analysed by electron microprobe. The majority are relatively high in Al2O3, CaO and P2O5, are weakly coloured, manganese-colourless, or yellow–brown-amber and on compositional grounds the glass material is considered to have originated in the Levant. Manganese oxide was added as a decolouriser and MnO contents are continuous between 0.02 and 2.0%. Limpid, weakly-coloured glass occurs over the whole MnO range, while most colourless glass has MnO above 0.7%, and all amber and olive glasses have MnO below 0.3%. There is a strong correlation between sulphur and soda concentrations in all the Levantine glass, but total sulphur is lowest in amber and olive, reflecting the reducing conditions required to form the ferri-sulphide chromophore and the lower solubility of the S2− ion as opposed to SO4
2−. Iron is also low in the amber glass relative to other colours, as some Fe was added with the manganese that they contain. Hence, amber glasses were produced at the primary stage from mixtures of natron and sand with no other additives apart from any organic reducing agents. In the second half of the first century C.E. slumped bowls in antimony-decolourised Egyptian glass become apparent, along with colourless cast vessels with mixed antimony-manganese compositions. Antimony is known to have been used as a decolouriser in earlier Hellenistic glass, but it does not appear in the present assemblage until this later introduction of Egyptian glass. The introduction of glass-blowing technology does not seem to have coincided with any significant change in composition.

Graphical abstract
The Fractional Powers of the Sub-Laplacian in Carnot Groups Through an Analytic Continuation
Authors: Corni Francesca , Ferrari Fausto
Published: February 2025

In this paper we construct the fractional powers of the sub-Laplacian in Carnot groups through an analytic continuation approach. In addition, we characterize the powers of the fractional sub-Laplacian in the Heisenberg group, and as a byproduct we compute the k-th order momenta with respect to the heat kernel.
Development of Biocompatible Scaffolds of Collagen Fibers from Tilapia Scales (Oreochromis niloticus) Modified with PVA
Authors: Martinez Angie Tatiana Toro , Zuluaga-Vélez Augusto , Sepúlveda-Arias Juan Carlos , Santa Juan Felipe , Buitrago-Sierra Robison
Published: February 2025

Collagen is a biomaterial whose properties are influenced by its origin. The objective of this study is to extract, purify, and characterize collagen from fish residues (tilapia scales) and fabricate and characterize collagen-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibrous membranes using the electrospinning technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to characterize the collagen and the membranes. The results showed that tilapia scales are an important source of natural collagen and recorded a final yield of 2.5% wt. In addition, the membranes showed excellent properties that make them suitable for use as scaffolds for various applications using a 50:50 wt. solution of collagen and PVA. The biological evaluation of electrospun scaffolds was done by a culture of Human Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF-1) cells as an in vitro model, and alamarBlue™ assays were conducted to determine the growth and cytotoxicity. The results indicate that this biomaterial has promoted cell proliferation, and the scaffolds exhibited a favorable behavior for cell growth over time in laboratory tests. Therefore, collagen extracted from tilapia scales can be potentially applied in several applications related to tissue engineering, such as graft substitutes, cartilage repair, among others.

Graphical Abstract
Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Version (FFMQ-SF) in the Colombian Population
Authors: Castañeda Diego F. , Bianchi Javier M. , Villalba-Garzón Javier A. , Ruiz Francisco J.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing mindfulness and was developed based on previously established mindfulness scales. This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the 24-item version of the FFMQ in a Colombian sample.

Method

Psychometric analyses were performed in a sample of 582 Colombian adults, recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, using classical test theory and the Rasch model. The internal structure was obtained with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FFMQ-SF scores were correlated with mindfulness, inflexibility, emotional symptomatology, behavioral activation, and environmental reward.

Results

The five-factor structure was confirmed to be invariant with respect to sex and meditation practice. Alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients ranged from 0.68 for Non-reactivity to inner experience to 0.87 for Acting with awareness. The correlations with emotional symptomatology, mindfulness, and the transdiagnostic variables measured were of expected magnitude and direction. Twenty of the 24 items had good infit and outfit indices, and Items 10 and 13 presented DIF concerning sex.

Conclusions

Findings indicated that the FFMQ-SF exhibited robust psychometric properties for evaluating the five facets of mindfulness in a Colombian sample. Nevertheless, interpreting scores on the “observe” facet should be cautiously approached.

Preregistration

This study was not preregistered.
Enhancing the potential of children’s agency to achieve global sustainability
Authors: Elwell Tammy L. , Nahuelhual Laura , Silva Fernández Marta , Bianchini Julie A. , Gaines Steven D.
Published: February 2025

Despite progress toward sustainability, it remains uncertain how we as a global society will make transformations needed at scale. We argue that intentionally involving children in sustainability efforts may catalyze promising changes in how we approach human-environmental crises. This involvement, however, entails much more than the traditional focus on exposing children to environmental education or sustainability learning. Here, we present a pathway where children move through incremental yet fluid stages, from rich experiences in nature in early childhood, to reflective activities, leadership development, and formal opportunities in sustainability governance in later childhood and adolescence. Each stage requires overcoming distinct barriers that vary across and within countries: we identify and discuss these main barriers, and suggest potential ways the sustainability sciences community can help to reduce them. We offer this proposed pathway as a first step toward ensuring young people’s involvement, agency, and stewardship in achieving global sustainability.
Exploring a green Swedish model: Coinciding and contradictory interests on a just climate transformation in Sweden
Authors: Ergon Jens , Hildingsson Roger , Karlsson Mikael
Published: February 2025

Climate policies are challenged around the world, a development coinciding with the backlash of globalisation. The emergence of the modern welfare state, however, indicates that similar tensions may give rise to transformative change, if coinciding interests for change develop. This article explores the case of Sweden, critical due to its longstanding role as an environmental frontrunner, now experiencing climate policy rollback. Based on 31 in-depth interviews, we analyse perceptions on a just transformation among business, trade union and civil society actors. The analysis reveals new and coinciding interests, driven by desire to restore climate leadership, and includes financial reform, more active state interventions and new policy tools to ensure public legitimacy. Views diverge on the depth of a just transformation, and power relations are different compared to the emergence of the welfare state. Nevertheless, a green Swedish model can be discerned, forging enhanced climate mitigation and renewed welfare state arrangements.
Textbook outcome following pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients: age-stratified analysis and predictive factors
Authors: Mocchegiani F. , Benedetti Cacciaguerra A. , Wakabayashi T. , Valeriani F. , Vincenzi P. , Gaudenzi F. , Nicolini D. , Wakabayashi G. , Vivarelli M.
Published: February 2025

Despite advancements in pancreatic surgery, managing elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains challenging. Textbook Outcome (TO) serves as a benchmark for surgical success, but its relevance in elderly patients has not been well explored. This study aims to evaluate TO in elderly patients undergoing PD and identify predictors of TO failure. A retrospective analysis was conducted on elderly patients (≥ 70 years) who underwent PD between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2023 in two international HPB centers. TO achievement rates were assessed and stratified by age groups (70–74, 75–79, ≥ 80). Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for TO failure. Of 222 patients, 54.5% achieved TO after PD. TO rates decreased with age, with only 35.0% of octogenarians achieving TO, compared to 57.1% in those aged 70–74. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 80, an ASA score ≥ 2, and histopathologic types other than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or distal cholangiocarcinoma were significant risk factors for failing to achieve TO. Nearly half of elderly patients achieved TO, with a lower likelihood in older age groups, particularly among octogenarians. Higher ASA scores were also associated with lower TO achievement. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive preoperative assessment, considering age, to optimize surgical outcomes in elderly patients undergoing PD.
RSV is the main cause of severe respiratory infections in infants and young children in Germany - data from the prospective, multicenter PAPI study 2021–2023
Authors: Wetzke Martin , Lange Matthias , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Kiefer Alexander , Kabesch Michael , Armbrust Sven , Abdelkhalek Kerim , Lex Christiane , Hufnagel Markus , Bode Sebastian , Dördelmann Michael , Lorenz Michael , Arens Stefan , Panning Markus , Köster Holger , Kramer Rolf , Bangert Mathieu , Eberhardt Frank , Barten-Neiner Grit , Happle Christine
Published: February 2025

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of morbidity in infants and young children worldwide. Current data on RSV-associated disease burden in Germany before the introduction of new immunization strategies is lacking.

Methods

The PAPI study is a multicenter, prospective surveillance study of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children aged ≤ 24 months in Germany.

Results

Data from 1607 children with LRTI hospitalized in twelve German hospitals between September 2021 and May 2023 were analyzed. Among these children, RSV was the most frequently detected pathogen (57.1%), followed by rhino/entero-, metapneumo- and parainfluenza virus. Children with RSV were significantly younger than those with LRTI of other causes (mean of 5.6 ± SD 6.1 vs. mean of 10.1 ± SD 7.3 months, p < 0.001) and more frequently affected in their first six months of life. RSV positive children were significantly more likely to develop hypoxemia (61.9% vs. 44.3%, p < 0.001) and need for intravenous or enteral fluid supplementation (48.1% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.009; 13.2% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001) than those without RSV.

Conclusion

RSV is the dominant pathogen for LRTI-associated hospitalizations in children ≤ 24 months in Germany and associated with a particularly high need for treatment. The ongoing implemented use of RSV immunization according to current recommendations could lead to significant reduction in early childhood morbidity in Germany.
Building a pan-European network to bridge gaps in geriatric medicine education: the PROGRAMMING COST Action 21,122—a call for endorsement
Authors: Duque Sofia , Piotrowicz Karolina , Masud Tahir , Wissendorff Ekdahl Anne , Herghelegiu Anna Marie , Pavic Tajana , Kravvariti Evrydiki , Bogdanović Nenad , Bonin-Guillaume Sylvie , Martínez Velilla Nicolas , Roller Wirnsberger Regina , Vassallo Michael , Kossioni Anastassia , Frost Rachael , Macijauskiene Jurate , Koca Meltem , Benetos Athanase , Petrovic Mirko , Kotsani Marina
Published: February 2025

Background

The growing challenges of population aging create a pressing need for specialized geriatric medicine services to effectively address the complex health needs of older adults and influence supportive healthcare policies. Older patients may present clinical complexity with multimorbidity, disability, and/or frailty, necessitating a shift from the traditional organ-oriented clinical approach to a holistic, patient-centered care model.

Rationale of the action

Despite recommendations from the World Health Organization and scientific and professional societies, geriatric medicine is not universally recognized as a distinct specialty in Europe, and education in this field remains heterogeneous. A notable discrepancy in the availability of geriatric services and education in this field across European countries can be found. Many healthcare professionals lack basic training in geriatric medicine, contributing to fragmented care and poorer health outcomes. To address these challenges, it is essential to integrate geriatric medicine into undergraduate and postgraduate curricula for all healthcare professionals.

Expected outcomes

The COST Action 21,122 PROGRAMMING (PROmoting GeRiAtric Medicine in countries where it is still eMergING) initiative aims to promote geriatric medicine by developing targeted educational goals and programs and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. This initiative aims to assess the current state of geriatric medicine education and identify both global and local educational needs for developing clinical skills among healthcare professionals. In addition, it seeks to establish consensus on core curricula tailored to local contexts and disseminate findings and recommendations to stakeholders, policymakers, and the public. By uniting diverse stakeholders, PROGRAMMING aspires to create sustainable changes in geriatric care across Europe.

Graphical abstract
Size-Dependent Dynamics of Perforated and Short-Fiber-Reinforced Nanowires Based on Non-local Modified Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Akpınar Murat , Uzun Büşra , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This article aims to presented the size-dependent free vibration response of short-fiber-reinforced and perforated nanowires restrained with deformable springs at both ends, taking into account non-local modified couple stress theory.

Methods

This study is conducted using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and non-local modified couple stress theory. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the equations of motion of short-fiber reinforced and perforated nanowires. An analytical method based on a Fourier sine series and Stokes' transform is adopted to solve the free vibration problem.

Results

A number analyses are carried out to examine the effects of the material length scale parameter, short fiber properties, perforation properties and deformable boundaries on the free vibration of the nanowires.

Conclusion

According to the analysis results, it is determined for SFR nanowires that increases in the Ef/Em ratio and l/d ratio increase the frequencies, while increases in the ρf/ρm ratio decrease the frequencies. Similarly, for perforated nanowires, increment in filling ratio increases the frequencies while increment in number of holes decreases the frequencies. In addition, the non-local parameter and material length scale parameter decreases and increases of both short-fiber-reinforced nanowire's and perforated nanowire's frequecies, respectively.
Ample Groupoids, Topological Full groups, Algebraic K-theory Spectra and Infinite Loop Spaces
Authors: Li Xin
Published: February 2025

Inspired by work of Szymik and Wahl on the homology of Higman–Thompson groups, we establish a general connection between ample groupoids, topological full groups, algebraic K-theory spectra and infinite loop spaces, based on the construction of small permutative categories of compact open bisections. This allows us to analyse homological invariants of topological full groups in terms of homology for ample groupoids.

Applications include complete rational computations, general vanishing and acyclicity results for group homology of topological full groups as well as a proof of Matui’s AH-conjecture for all minimal, ample groupoids with comparison.
Clinical outcomes and hospital-reported cost associated with surgical site infections and the co-occurrence of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia across US hospitals
Authors: Ai ChinEn , Jung Molly , Bastow Samantha , Adjaoute Ghislene , Bostick David , Yu Kalvin C.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

To evaluate the hospital-reported cost of care, clinical burden, and incidence of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) for hospital admissions with surgical site infections (SSI).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 38 acute-care hospital admissions with a procedure under the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance for SSI was conducted. SSI admissions were identified through NHSN reporting by the hospital. Clinical outcomes were estimated for SSI compared to no SSI controls using propensity matching and multivariable adjusted models that controlled for patient and hospital demographics; these endpoints were also compared for SSI admissions with and without HOB co-occurrence.

Results:

The rate of hospital-reported SSI was 0.15 per 100 admissions with a procedure under surveillance for SSI. Admissions with SSI compared to no SSI had significantly higher incremental hospital-reported cost of $30,689 and length of stay (LOS) was 11.6 days higher. The incidence of HOB was 6-fold higher in admissions with SSI compared to no SSI. For SSI admissions with HOB vs. no HOB, HOB added $28,049 to cost of care and 6.5 days to the LOS.

Conclusions:

Hospital-reported SSIs were associated with higher clinical and economic burden. Patients with SSI and HOB had even more deleterious outcomes. These data may inform programs to augment infection prevention bundles targeting SSIs and downstream complications or comorbidities like HOB.
Denial, Fantasy, and Erasure in Five Hundred Years of Music Discourse
Authors: Schumann Garrett
Published: February 2025

This article traces five hundred years of European and American academic and public music discourse through two disparate examples: Vicente Lusitano, a sixteenth-century Portuguese composer of African descent, and anti-Black comments directed at musicians Herbie Hancock and Quincy Jones in the 1984 documentary I Love Quincy. These threads converge in the present day, as discourse involving Lusitano increasingly contains a form of anti-Blackness that parallels what is presented by the film’s white director, Eric Lipmann, and more recent popular music discourse that echoes his perspective. Moreover, the longitude of Lusitano’s experience as a historical figure offers a unique vantage from which we can observe recursive rhetorical devices – denial, fantasy, and erasure – over time and in varied cultural contexts. Because these tropes support contemporary American anti-Black viewpoints as well as similarly flawed and destructive argumentation from historically distant European societies, we can see the continuity of denial, fantasy, and erasure in five hundred years of discourse as a sign that these musical cultures favor domination.
Anti-Black Violence and Toni Morrison’s Democratic Storytelling
Authors: THREADCRAFT SHATEMA
Published: February 2025

More people are mobilized in response to the deaths of Black men than those of Black women. Kimberlé Crenshaw understands this asymmetry as being rooted in Black women’s lack of “narrative capital” and has called on women to “share their stories” of violence to occasion greater mobilization. In this essay, I argue that the work of Toni Morrison, and specifically her conception of truant democracy, provides a blueprint for how and with whom Black women should share their stories—that is, for how they should mobilize the narrative capital they have and build more. I make this argument by juxtaposing the democratic visions of Morrison and W. E. B. Du Bois, including the ethical foundations of their envisioned democracies, the forms of violence to which they attend, their visions of justice, and the people—or, in Morrison’s case, the ephemeral collectives—they sought to build via storytelling.
Crossing the cultural bridge: The role of inhibitory control during second language metaphor comprehension
Authors: Chen Jiayan , Lv Junmei , Chen Baoguo
Published: February 2025

Previous research has found that metaphor comprehension is often more challenging in L2 than in L1 because of the prioritization of literal meanings, but the effect of cross-cultural conceptual differences and the role of inhibitory control during L2 metaphor processing remain uninvestigated. We explored these through a metaphor-induced lexical forgetting paradigm (Experiment 1), a metaphor interpretation task (Experiment 2), and an eye-tracking reading task (Experiment 3) to evaluate competing theories. Inhibitory control did not play a significant role during reading culturally congruent metaphors as it did for culturally incongruent ones. However, interpreting both kinds of L2 metaphors involved more inhibitory control than literals, even after explicit explanatory contexts. Although literal meanings (and culturally incongruent L1 metaphorical meanings) of L2 metaphors may always be activated, inhibition involvement depends on both task requirements and metaphor properties. These can be explained by the extended graded salience view and the predictive processing framework.
Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Yield Holds the Potential for Drought Early Warning
Authors: Behera Subhrasita , T L Elakkiyaa , Sarkar Ananya , Dutta Debsunder
Published: February 2025

Early detection of emerging agricultural drought conditions is challenging but crucial for ensuring sustainable agriculture and global food security. Existing drought early warning systems utilize hydrometeorological or greenness‐based vegetation indicators. We propose that spaceborne measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) yield (SIFyield), which is SIF normalized by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), have the potential for early detection of emerging crop stress conditions. We evaluate meteorological (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)), hydrological (root zone soil moisture (RZSM)), and physiological (SIF, and SIFyield) vegetation stress indicators to monitor the onset of crop stress indicated by reductions in gross primary productivity (GPP). Empirical Orthogonal Function and causal analysis indicate SIFyield has the strongest positive correlation with GPP, lagging by 1–2 months compared to other indicators. With its long lead time, space‐borne SIFyield can serve as an early indicator for agricultural drought onset, aiding global agricultural management efforts.
New Insights on the Crustal Deformation in the Eastern Betics From Densified GNSS Data
Authors: Portela J. , Staller A. , Béjar‐Pizarro M. , Martínez‐Díaz J. J. , Álvarez‐Gómez J. A. , Khazaradze G.
Published: February 2025

The Eastern Betic cordillera, southeastern Spain, is characterized by slow tectonic deformation rates and moderate seismicity. Great uncertainties persist regarding the precise kinematics of the main fault system within the region, the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ). We present a new GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) velocity field in the Eastern Betics, including new episodic and continuous stations belonging to the GeoActiva network, as well as all available continuous stations in southern Iberia. We use this data to build kinematic models with elastic blocks, obtaining slip rates and locking ratios in the main faults of the EBSZ. Our model suggests that the central EBSZ is dominated by reverse and sinistral motion, accommodated by two fault branches closing the Guadalentín and Segura valleys. For the first time, we use geodetic data to quantify how slip is distributed between these branches in the central EBSZ: the Alhama de Murcia fault (western branch) accommodates up to 1.3 mm/yr sinistral and 0.6 mm/yr reverse slip, while the Palomares fault (eastern branch) is slower (0.5 mm/yr sinistral and 0.3 mm/yr reverse slip). Although slip rates are higher in the south Palomares and Carboneras faults, data scarcity limits their constraint. The deformation in the northern limit of the Eastern Betics appears to be distributed between the Jumilla and Crevillente faults. On a regional scale, our data suggest that the Nubia‐Eurasia plate convergence is distributed radially from the Eastern Betics, consistent with the escape of multiple blocks driven by indentation and rollback tectonics in the Alboran Sea.
SMARCB1-driven EGFR-GLI1 epigenetic alterations in lung cancer progression and therapy are differentially modulated by MEOX2 and GLI-1
Authors: Trejo-Villegas Octavio A. , Pineda-Villegas Priscila , Armas-López Leonel , Mendoza-Milla Criselda , Peralta-Arrieta Irlanda , Arrieta Oscar , Heijink Irene H. , Zúñiga Joaquín , Ávila-Moreno Federico
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with genes such as SMARCB1, MEOX2, and GLI-1 playing significant roles in its malignancy. Despite their known involvement, the specific molecular contributions of these genes to lung cancer progression, particularly their effects on epigenetic modifications on oncogenes sequences as EGFR and GLI-1, and their influence in the response to EGFR-TKI-based therapies, have not been fully explored. Our study reveals how MEOX2 and GLI-1 are key molecular modulators of the GLI-1 and EGFR-epigenetic patterns, which in turn transcriptionally and epigenetically affect EGFR gene expression in lung cancer. Additionally, MEOX2 was found to significantly promote in vivo lung tumor progression and diminish the effectiveness of EGFR-TKI therapies. Conversely, mSWI/SNF derived subunit SMARCB1 was detected to suppress tumor growth and enhance the oncological therapeutic response in in vivo studies by inducing epigenetic modifications in the GLI-1 and EGFR genetic sequences. Furthermore, our results suggest that BRD9 may contribute to the activation of both lung cancer oncogenes GLI-1 and EGFR. Such findings suggest that SMARCB1 and MEOX2 could serve as important prognosis biomarkers and target genes in human lung cancer therapy, offering new opportunities for the development of more effective and selective treatment strategies in the field of lung malignant diseases.
Lon protease 1-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes the progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Yao Mengfei , Zhang Xingming , Wu Tianqi , Feng Tao , Bian Xiaojie , Abudurexiti Mierxiati , Wang Wenfeng , Shi Guohai , Wei Gong-hong , Zhang Qin , Li Xiangyun , Feng Gang , Du Leilei , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2025

Lon protease 1 (LONP1) is an ATP-dependent protease located in the mitochondrial matrix and plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial proteostasis, metabolism, and cellular stress responses et al. Aberrant LONP1 expression has been found in the progression of various tumors; however, the role and molecular mechanisms of LONP1 in prostate cancer (PCa) remain poorly understood. Here we show that overexpression of LONP1 is closely related to adverse clinic pathological features and poor prognosis in PCa patients. Mechanistically, the findings reveal that LONP1 is implicated in modulating the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, we prove that LONP1 as a protease directly targets mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), a key metabolic protein in the process of glycolysis, and enhances its degradation, which in turn suppresses tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and ultimately promotes the progression of PCa. Furthermore, using PCa in cancer-prone mice homozygous for a prostate-targeted conditional Pten knockout and Lonp1 knockin, we integrate transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of prostate tumors, upon which reveals that Lonp1 overexpression results in a significant downregulation of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, consequently impeding the electron transfer process and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, associated with metastasis of PCa. Collectively, our results highlight that metabolic reprogramming induced by LONP1 in PCa is closely coupled with disease progression, suggesting that targeting the LONP1-mediated cascade in the mitochondrial may provide therapeutic potential for PCa disease.
Tip carbon encapsulation customizes cationic enrichment and valence stabilization for low K+ acidic CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Wang Zhitong , Liu Dongyu , Xia Chenfeng , Shi Xiaodong , Zhou Yansong , Liu Qiuwen , Huang Jiangtao , Wu Haiyan , Zhu Deyu , Zhang Shuyu , Li Jing , Deng Peilin , Vasenko Andrey S. , Xia Bao Yu , Tian Xinlong
Published: February 2025

Acidic electrochemical CO2 conversion is a promising alternative to overcome the low CO2 utilization. However, over-reliance on highly concentrated K+ to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction also causes (bi)carbonate precipitation to interfere with catalytic performance. In this work, under the screening and guidance of computational simulations, we present a carbon coated tip-like In2O3 electrocatalyst for stable and efficient acidic CO2 conversion to synthesize formic acid (HCOOH) with low K+ concentration. The carbon layer protects the oxidized In species with higher intrinsic activity from reductive corrosion, and also peripherally formulates a tip-induced electric field to regulate the adverse H+ attraction and desirable K+ enrichment. In an acidic electrolyte at pH 0.94, only 0.1 M low K+ is required to achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.9% at 300 mA cm−2 for HCOOH and a long-time stability of over100 h. By up-scaling the electrode into a 25 cm2 electrolyzer setup, a total current of 7 A is recorded to sustain a durable HCOOH production of 291.6 mmol L−1 h−1.
Community estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023
Authors:   The GlaMBIE Team, Zemp Michael , Jakob Livia , Dussaillant Inés , Nussbaumer Samuel U. , Gourmelen Noel , Dubber Sophie , A Geruo , Abdullahi Sahra , Andreassen Liss Marie , Berthier Etienne , Bhattacharya Atanu , Blazquez Alejandro , Boehm Vock Laura F. , Bolch Tobias , Box Jason , Braun Matthias H. , Brun Fanny , Cicero Eric , Colgan William , Eckert Nicolas , Farinotti Daniel , Florentine Caitlyn , Floricioiu Dana , Gardner Alex , Harig Christopher , Hassan Javed , Hugonnet Romain , Huss Matthias , Jóhannesson Tómas , Liang Chia-Chun Angela , Ke Chang-Qing , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , King Owen , Kneib Marin , Krieger Lukas , Maussion Fabien , Mattea Enrico , McNabb Robert , Menounos Brian , Miles Evan , Moholdt Geir , Nilsson Johan , Pálsson Finnur , Pfeffer Julia , Piermattei Livia , Plummer Stephen , Richter Andreas , Sasgen Ingo , Schuster Lilian , Seehaus Thorsten , Shen Xiaoyi , Sommer Christian , Sutterley Tyler , Treichler Désirée , Velicogna Isabella , Wouters Bert , Zekollari Harry , Zheng Whyjay
Published: February 2025

Glaciers are indicators of ongoing anthropogenic climate change1. Their melting leads to increased local geohazards2, and impacts marine3 and terrestrial4,5 ecosystems, regional freshwater resources6, and both global water and energy cycles7,8. Together with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, glaciers are essential drivers of present9,10 and future11–13 sea-level rise. Previous assessments of global glacier mass changes have been hampered by spatial and temporal limitations and the heterogeneity of existing data series14–16. Here we show in an intercomparison exercise that glaciers worldwide lost 273 ± 16 gigatonnes in mass annually from 2000 to 2023, with an increase of 36 ± 10% from the first (2000–2011) to the second (2012–2023) half of the period. Since 2000, glaciers have lost between 2% and 39% of their ice regionally and about 5% globally. Glacier mass loss is about 18% larger than the loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and more than twice that from the Antarctic Ice Sheet17. Our results arise from a scientific community effort to collect, homogenize, combine and analyse glacier mass changes from in situ and remote-sensing observations. Although our estimates are in agreement with findings from previous assessments14–16 at a global scale, we found some large regional deviations owing to systematic differences among observation methods. Our results provide a refined baseline for better understanding observational differences and for calibrating model ensembles12,16,18, which will help to narrow projection uncertainty for the twenty-first century11,12,18.
Reduced-energy diet in women with gestational diabetes: the dietary intervention in gestational diabetes DiGest randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kusinski Laura C. , Jones Danielle , Atta Nooria , Turner Elizabeth , Smith Suzanne , Oude Griep Linda M. , Rennie Kirsten , De Lucia Rolfe Emanuella , Sharp Stephen J. , Farewell Vern , Murphy Helen R. , Taylor Roy , Meek Claire L.
Published: February 2025

Reduced-energy diets promote weight loss and improve long-term outcomes in type 2 diabetes but are untested in gestational diabetes. We aimed to identify if weight loss in pregnancy improves perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes. We performed a multicentre parallel, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of energy restriction in women with singleton pregnancies, gestational diabetes and body mass index ≥25 kg m−
2. Participants were randomized to receive a standard-energy control diet (2,000 kcal d−1) or reduced-energy intervention diet (1,200 kcal d−1) from enrollment (29 weeks) until delivery, provided as weekly diet boxes (40% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 25% protein). The randomization was performed in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by center and blinded to the participants and study team. Primary outcomes were maternal weight change from enrollment to 36 weeks and offspring birth weight. In total, 425 participants were randomized to the control (n = 211) or intervention (n = 214). Outcome data were available for 388 of 425 (90.1%) participants at 36 weeks and 382 of 425 (89.8%) at delivery. There was no evidence of a difference in maternal weight change to 36 weeks between groups (intervention effect −0.20 (95% confidence interval −1.01, 0.61); P > 0.1) and offspring standardized birth weight (intervention effect 0.005 (−0.19, 0.20); P > 0.1). A reduced-energy diet was safe in pregnancy. ISRCTN registration no. 65152174.
Activation dynamics study of trapped platelets using a lab-built optical tweezers micro-raman spectrometer
Authors: Mithun N , Shastry Shamee , Mohan Ganesh , Lukose Jijo , Matham Murukeshan Vadakke , Chidangil Santhosh
Published: February 2025

It is well documented that platelet disorders can result from various causes and can lead to different disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenia, Autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and even cancer, to name a few. The diagnosis of many of these diseases mainly depends on imaging examinations, clinical analysis and neuropsychological tests, these may be time taking procedures and, have a high chances of false positive/false negative results. The Raman tweezers spectroscopy can provide trust worthy results without much time delay. In the present study the activation dynamics of platelets were studied and observed that the activation leads to biochemical and morphological changes, such as the formation of filopodia on the platelet surface, transformation in the shape from discoid to spherical, and translocation of aminophospholipids from inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The Raman bands corresponding to phospholipids shows remarkable intensity variations during activation. The detailed knowledge regarding the activation dynamics of platelets will be important in monitoring CVDs, ADs, etc. and this paper illustrates a prospective method that can be incorporated into clinical settings in the near future to study and analyze platelet activation. This study will be the first to display the trapping of platelets in its live form to study their activation dynamics using an in-house assembled optical tweezers micro-Raman spectrometer.
Cathode wrapping strategy with metal chalcogenide nanosheet for safer and longer lasting Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Suji , Kim Jihyun , Kang Joohoon , Ryu Won-Hee
Published: February 2025

Ni-rich layered cathode materials have been intensively explored to maximize the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their performance is compromised by unstable surface reactions in the high-voltage region, resulting in detrimental changes to the surface structure. In this study, an effective strategy to improve the long-term stability of LIBs is demonstrated. This strategy involves conformally wrapping two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets on Ni-rich layered cathodes via electrostatic interactions between positively surface-treated MoS2 and negatively charged cathode particles. The formation of MoS2 wrapping layers prevents direct interfacial contact between the cathode and the electrolyte, thereby preventing surface-triggered structural degradation and unwanted side reactions. The improved cell stability was verified, with advantages including reduced gas evolution, facile Li-ion transfer, and mitigated microcrack propagation. This 2D material-wrapping strategy allows for thin and effective coverage of the cathode surface, consequently ensuring improved safety and longer lifespans for LIBs.
Pro-inflammatory macrophages produce mitochondria-derived superoxide by reverse electron transport at complex I that regulates IL-1β release during NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Casey Alva M. , Ryan Dylan G. , Prag Hiran A. , Chowdhury Suvagata Roy , Marques Eloïse , Turner Keira , Gruszczyk Anja V. , Yang Ming , Wolf Dane M. , Miljkovic Jan Lj. , Valadares Joyce , Chinnery Patrick F. , Hartley Richard C. , Frezza Christian , Prudent Julien , Murphy Michael P.
Published: February 2025

Macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generate mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS) that act as antimicrobial agents and redox signals; however, the mechanism of LPS-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation is unknown. Here we show that LPS-stimulated bone-marrow-derived macrophages produce superoxide by reverse electron transport (RET) at complex I of the electron transport chain. Using chemical biology and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that superoxide production is driven by LPS-induced metabolic reprogramming, which increases the proton motive force (∆p), primarily as elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and maintains a reduced CoQ pool. The key metabolic changes are repurposing of ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which reduces reliance on F1FO-ATP synthase activity resulting in a higher ∆p, while oxidation of succinate sustains a reduced CoQ pool. Furthermore, the production of mtROS by RET regulates IL-1β release during NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, we demonstrate that ROS generated by RET is an important mitochondria-derived signal that regulates macrophage cytokine production.
Key role of short-lived halogens on global atmospheric oxidation during historical periods
Authors: Bossolasco Adriana , Fernandez Rafael , Li Qinyi , Mahajan Anoop , Villamayor Julian , Barrera Javier , Heard Dwayne E , Cuevas Carlos , Caram Cyril , Szopa Sophie , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric oxidation largely determines the abundance and lifetime of short-lived climate forcers like methane, ozone and aerosols, as well as the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere. Hydroxyl, nitrate and...
Bionic design: Nature insight into solar interfacial evaporators
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Chengbing , Li Yang , Jin Jingjing , Lin Xuli , Shi Chenyi
Published: February 2025

Solar interfacial evaporators (SIE) offer a promising solution for utilizing solar energy in seawater desalination, addressing the critical issue of freshwater scarcity. However, there are ongoing challenges in enhancing overall...
Chemical heterogeneity observed in the development of photo-oxidized PET micro- and nanoparticle weathered controls
Authors: Pettibone John , Jhang Song Syun , Windsor Eric , Cho Tae Joon , Forbes Thomas P , Kuo Ying Tung , Sung Li-piin , Gorham Justin
Published: February 2025

Determining unknown secondary micro and nanoplastic (MNP) composition remains a persistent analytical challenge for field collected samples. The availability of material standards should accelerate method development for improved identification. Here,...
Comparative effects of different sugar substitutes: Mogroside V, stevioside, sucralose, and erythritol on intestinal health in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse
Authors: Huang Huaxue , Liu Sha , Peng Zhi , Wang Bin , Zhan Shuang , Huang Sirui , Li Wei , Liu Dai , Yang Xiulian , Zhu Yizhun , Xiao Wenjun
Published: February 2025

Mogroside V (MOG) improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice gut health via PI3K/AKT and NF-κB, while stevioside (ST) mainly regulates NF-κB. Erythritol (ERT) has minimal benefits. Sucralose (TGS) and sucrose (SUC) harm colon microbiota.
Small-rotation-angle moiré structures of 2H TaSe2 monolayers on Au(111)
Authors: Liu Lina , Zemlyanov Dmitry Y. , Chen Yong P.
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate the growth of small-rotation-angle TaSe2 moiré structures on a Au(111) substrate, providing important insights on the direct synthesis of small-angle twisted two-dimensional layers for future twistronics.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of peptidyl β-nitrostyrenes as cysteine protease inhibitors against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Sharma Sweta , Beg Mirza A. , Latief Insha , Aboti Jyoti , Jamal Samra , Juneja Pallavi , Tanwar Supriya , Sharma Kalicharan , Rehman Sayeed ur , Selvapandiyan Angamuthu , Shafi Syed
Published: February 2025

Peptidyl β-nitrostyrenes were identified as cysteine protease inhibitors targeting L. donovani. Since cysteine proteases are vital for parasite survival, their inhibition presents a promising strategy in antileishmanial drug discovery.
Alkali metal lithium doping promotes the high stability and ionic kinetics of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Shu Weiping , Wang Lili , Zhang Siqiang , Liu Ye , Han Qiang
Published: February 2025

The layered transition metal oxides improved by alkali metal lithium doping have improved the capacity retention rate and structural stability of sodium-ion batteries to a certain extent, and have made great contributions to their commercial development.
Electrically conductive charge-segregated pseudo-polymorphs comprising highly planar expanded π-electronic cation
Authors: Haketa Yohei , Nakajima Ryoya , Maruyama Yuto , Tanaka Hiroki , Choi Wookjin , Seki Shu , Sato Shunsuke , Baba Hitomi , Ishii Yoshiki , Watanabe Go , Bulgarevich Kirill , Takimiya Kazuo , Deguchi Kenzo , Ohki Shinobu , Hashi Kenjiro , Nakanishi Takashi , Ishibashi Yukihide , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Ohta Kazuchika , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: February 2025

Independently stacked positively and negatively charged π-electronic systems in charge-segregated columnar structures are desired for electronic properties derived from their electron-deficient and -rich assembling states, respectively. An expanded π-electronic cation, benzoporphyrin...
Logic-gated approach for targeted delivery and site-selective activation of photothermal agents in precision cancer treatment
Authors: Jiang Chang , Zhao Zhengxiang , East Amanda K. , Bandyopadhyay Suritra , Jiang Ziyi , Chan Jefferson
Published: February 2025

Logic-gated strategies represent a promising approach to achieving highly selective cancer therapies.
Compositional Study of Ti-Nb Oxide (TiNb2O7, Ti2Nb10O29, Ti2Nb14O39, and TiNb24O62) Anode for High Power Li Ion Batteries
Authors: Son Yeonguk , Jang Haeseong , Wen Bo , Jo Changshin , Groombridge Alexander , Boies Adam , Kim Min Gyu , De Volder Michael
Published: February 2025

Titanium niobium oxides (TNOs) are attractive anode materials for high power density Li-ion batteries. However, the details of capacity storage in TNOs is not fully understood today as it depends...
Unveiling the crystallographic effect of Li(Ni0.90Co0.09Al0.01)O2 with a high Ni content on the high capacity generation in Li-ion battery
Authors: Park Junghwan , Byeon Pilgyu
Published: February 2025

Li(Ni0.90Co0.09Al0.01)O2 with a high Ni content is one of the attractive cathode materials for a Li-ion battery due to the generation of a high capacity at 0.1C that is 246...
Enhanced Luminescence in 1D Corrugated Lead Bromides via Reduced Flexibility of Trivalent Cations
Authors: Fan Chang-Chun , Fang Zi-Han , Jiao Shulin , Yu Jing-Xue , Liu Cheng-Dong , Wang Wei , Jin Ming-Liang , Liang Bei-Dou , Han Xiang-Bin
Published: February 2025

Hybrid metal halides (HMPs) have attracted considerable attention from researchers exploring broad-band luminescence materials due to their low cost and excellent photophysical properties. Although lots of structures have been done...
Investigating temperature influences on shell growth and microstructural variations in Bay scallops: Insights from multiscale microscopy
Authors: Khurshid Benazir , Benchetrite Arnaud , Guichaoua Lise , Brodusch Nicolas , Stewart Bryce D. , Kroger Roland , Gauvin Raynald , Mallet Martin , Tremblay Réjean , Reznikov Natalie
Published: February 2025

Scallops (order Pectinida) are well-known for robust and beautiful calcitic shells that protect them from external impacts and predators. Scallops respond to environmental conditions, including water temperature, salinity, and food...
Correction: Monolithic green-sensitive photodetectors enabled by a ZnSnN2/GaN nanorods/silicon double heterojunction
Authors: Kim Jeong Hyeon , Hwang Juchan , Yoon Soon Joo , Kim Jongmin , Lee Yoon Kyeung , Park Kwangwook , Lee Han Eol
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Monolithic green-sensitive photodetectors enabled by a ZnSnN2/GaN nanorods/silicon double heterojunction’ by Jeong Hyeon Kim et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4qi02418d.
Retraction: FAM172A controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related to NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shen Wenfeng , Feng Zhiqiang , Wang Ping , Zhang Jinqian
Published: February 2025

Retraction of ‘FAM172A controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related to NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma’ by Wenfeng Shen et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 51870–51878, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA09918E.
A Photo- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Highly Selective and Divergent Hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-Dienes with Phenols
Authors: Wang Yue , Miao Junhao , Dong Honglin , Zhang Dongliang , Chen Bei , Guan Meihui , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2025

An applicable cobalt-hydride mediated selective, divergent hydroetherification and sequential hydroetherification/hydroarylation of dienes with simple phenol feedstocks under photoredox and cobalt catalytic system was developed. A variety of allyl aryl ethers...