bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the differences in nutritional status between successfully weaned and unsuccessfully weaned respirator patients
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Yang , Lan Chou-Chin , Yang Chin-Hsuan , Hou Yi-Cheng
Published: May 2023

Long-term respirator users admitted to intensive care units need to be transferred to a respiratory care center (RCC) for weaning. It may cause malnutrition in critical care patients, which may manifest as a reduction in respiratory muscle mass, lower ventilatory capacity, and decreased respiratory tolerance. This study aimed to assess that if the patients’ nutritional status were improved, it could help RCC patients to wean from respirators. All participants were recruited from the RCC of a medical foundation in the city and Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital. The indicators include serum albumin level, respirator detachment index, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), rapid shallow breathing index, and body composition measurements. We recorded the length of hospital stay, mortality, and RCW (respiratory care ward) referral rate for these participants and analyzed the differences in relevant research indicators between those who were and weren’t weaned off. 43 of 62 patients were weaned from respirators, while 19 failed. The resuscitation rate was 54.8%. Patients with respirator weaning had a lower number of RCC admission days (23.1 ± 11.1 days) than respirator-dependent patients (35.6 ± 7.8 days, P < 0.05). The PImax of successfully weaned patients had a greater reduction (− 27.09 ± 9.7 cmH2O) than unsuccessful ones (− 21.4 ± 10.2 cmH2O, P < 0.05). The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of successfully weaned patients (15.8 ± 5.0) were lower than those who were not (20.4 ± 8.4, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between the two groups. In the successfully weaned patients, the serum albumin concentration was increased from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.4 mg/dL, P < 0.05. Improved nutritional status can help RCC patients to wean from respirators.
The six stages of the convergence of the periodic system to its final structure
Authors: Bran Andrés M. , Stadler Peter F. , Jost Jürgen , Restrepo Guillermo
Published: May 2023

The periodic system encodes order and similarity among chemical elements arising from known substances at a given time that constitute the chemical space. Although the system has incorporated new elements, the connection with the remaining space is still to be analysed, which leads to the question of how the exponentially growing space has affected the periodic system. Here we show, by analysing the space between 1800 and 2021, that the system has converged towards its current stable structure through six stages, respectively characterised by the finding of elements (1800–1826), the emergence of the core structure of the system (1826–1860), its organic chemistry bias (1860–1900) and its further stabilisation (1900–1948), World War 2 new chemistry (1948–1980) and the system final stabilisation (1980–). Given the self-reinforced low diversity of the space and the limited chemical possibilities of the elements to be synthesised, we hypothesise that the periodic system will remain largely untouched.
The mechanism of the replacement of aluminum atoms in 1-ethyl-3-alkylalumolanes by boron atoms with boron halides
Authors: Tyumkina T. V. , Tulyabaeva L. I. , Idrisova S. M. , Islamov D. N. , Khalilov L. M. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: May 2023

For the first time, the theoretically and experimentally substantiated mechanism of the replacement of aluminum atoms by boron atoms in five-member cycles is proposed.
CO2-responsive gels
Authors: Jansen-van Vuuren Ross D. , Naficy Sina , Ramezani Maedeh , Cunningham Michael , Jessop Philip
Published: May 2023

CO2-responsive gels respond to CO2exposure by either changing their properties or by switching between gel and non-gel states.
(P,C)-cyclometalated complexes derived from naphthyl phosphines: versatile and powerful tools in organometallic chemistry
Authors: Monot Julien , Marelli Enrico , Martin-Vaca Blanca , Bourissou Didier
Published: May 2023

The chemistry of (P,C)-cyclometalated complexes derived from naphthyl phosphines [Np(P,C)M] is presented and analysed in this review.
Passive particle transport using a transversely propelling polymer “sweeper”
Authors: Prathyusha K. R.
Published: May 2023

Transversely propelling polymer acts as a sweeper to collect passive Brownian particles, and the interplay between activity and stiffness induces morphological changes in the polymer.
A volatile microemulsion method of preparing water-soluble photo-absorbers for 3D printing of high-resolution, high-water-content hydrogel structures
Authors: He Xiangnan , Cheng Jianxiang , Sun Zechu , Ye Haitao , Liu Qingjiang , Zhang Biao , Ge Qi
Published: May 2023

Highly water-soluble and biocompatible photo-absorber nanoparticles were prepared via a volatile microemulsion template method for 3D printing of high-resolution, high-water-content hydrogel structures.
Fabrication of molecularly-imprinted gold nanoparticle-embedded Fe-MOFs for highly selective SERS detection of 17β-estradiol in milk
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Wu Zhouya , Yang Yunhan , Ye Jing , Han Sheng , Li Yuanting
Published: May 2023

A novel SERS sensor based on core–shell AuNP@MIP-PDA@MIL-101 nanohybrids was used for highly selective detection of 17β-E2 in milk.
Simultaneous estimation of voriconazole, moxifloxacin, and pirfenidone in rabbit lacrimal matrix using LC-MS/MS: an application to preclinical ocular pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Agrawal Sristi , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Mishra Anjali , Biswas Arpon , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: May 2023

Simultaneous preclinical pharmacokinetics of VCZ, MOXI, and PIR using LC-MS/MS.
Recent progress on the design and applications of superhalogens
Authors: Srivastava Ambrish Kumar
Published: May 2023

Superhalogens, with higher electron affinity than halogens, not only possess unusual structures but also several applications. This highlight describes progress on the design of superhalogens and their applications in the last decade.
Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes synthesised via liquid-phase methods
Authors: Hikima Kazuhiro , Ogawa Kaito , Gamo Hirotada , Matsuda Atsunori
Published: May 2023

Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries were synthesised rapidly through liquid-phase method in 7.5 h.
Energy transfer and charge transfer between semiconducting nanocrystals and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Asaithambi Aswin , Kazemi Tofighi Nastaran , Ghini Michele , Curreli Nicola , Schuck P. James , Kriegel Ilka
Published: May 2023

Low-dimensional 0D/2D hybrid structures have sparked interest in interfacial carrier dynamics, like charge and energy transfer. They offer potential for electronic and optoelectronic devices such as transistors and photodetectors.
Interfacial engineering of hydrophobic octadecanethiol/Pd metallene toward electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Mu Xu , Mao Qiqi , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang
Published: May 2023

Octadecanethiol-modified Pd metallene was fabricated for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia with high ammonia production and Faraday efficiency.
Three-component regioselective carboamidation of 1,3-enynes via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Kong Lingheng , Han Xi , Hu Panjie , Wang Fen , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2023

Rhodium-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective three-component carboamidation of 1,3-enynes has been realized using indoles and dioxazolones as the functionalizing reagents.
Zeolite-templated carbon-supported Ru-based catalysts for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Xiaoli , Sun Junwei , Guo Mingyu , Cao Zhihao , Ben Haoxi , Jiang Wei , Ming Shujun , Zhang Lixue
Published: May 2023

Zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) has a uniform porous structure that confines the Ru clusters, and also has a high graphitization, which enables the Ru/ZTCs catalysts to exhibit excellent activity and stability in HER process.
Clarifying the effects of nanoscale porosity of silicon on the bandgap and alignment: a combined molecular dynamics–density functional tight binding computational study
Authors: Sundarapura Panus , Manzhos Sergei , Ihara Manabu
Published: May 2023

Porous silicon (pSi) has been studied for its applications in solar cells, in particular in silicon–silicon tandem solar cells.
Human brain-inspired chemical artificial intelligence tools for the analysis and prediction of the anion-sensing characteristics of an imidazole-based luminescent Os(ii)-bipyridine complex
Authors: Bhattacharya Sohini , Sahoo Anik , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: May 2023

Boolean, ternary, fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, neuro-fuzzification, and decision tree regression were implemented to predict the anion-responsive behaviour of an imidazolyl-bis-benzimidazole-based luminescent Os(ii)-bipyridine complex.
Stepping away from purified solvents in reductive catalytic fractionation: a step forward towards a disruptive wood biorefinery process
Authors: Arts W. , Van Aelst K. , Cooreman E. , Van Aelst J. , Van den Bosch S. , Sels B. F.
Published: May 2023

By using unpurified solvents in a reductive catalytic wood fractionation process, its economics, sustainability and efficiency can be drastically improved.
Electrochemical intramolecular N(sp2)–H/N(sp3)–H coupling for the synthesis of 1H-indazoles
Authors: Zhong Qiang , Wang Pei-Long , Gao Hui , Ma Fang , Yang Youqing , Li Hongji
Published: May 2023

The electrochemical intramolecular cyclization of ketimines via N–H/N–H dehydrogenation coupling has been established for the construction of 1H-indazole scaffolds.
Synergistic Fe(iii) and acid sites in SiW@MIL-100(Fe) catalyst prompt the synthesis ofp-xylene from biomass derivatives
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Wang Qing , Li Ruofan , Zeng Di , Wang Juxue , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ling , Liu Haiming , Wang Wenzhong
Published: May 2023

The construction of aromatic skeleton structures by the Diels–Alder reaction is a synthetic route to obtain substitutes for petrochemical products using biomass as a raw material.
Simultaneous amplification of DNA in a multiplex circular array shaped continuous flow PCR microfluidic chip for on-site detection of bacterial
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Ping , Li Zhenqing , You Qingxiang , Sekine Shinichi , Ma Junshan , Zhuang Songlin , Zhang Dawei , Yamaguchi Yoshinori
Published: May 2023

To increase the throughput of continuous-flow PCR (CF-PCR), a multiplex circular array shaped CF-PCR microfluidic chip was developed for on-site detection of bacterial.
Microwave-assisted copper(i) catalyzed A3 cascade coupling of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via C–H bond functionalization as selective COX-2 inhibitors and antioxidants, and in silico studies
Authors: Nesaragi Aravind R. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Hoolageri Swati R. , Dixit Shruti , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Vootla Shyamkumar , Kumbar Vijay M.
Published: May 2023

A proficient copper(i) catalyzed one pot synthetic protocol has been established to synthesize medicinally essential substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via C–H bond amination followed by acetylene incorporation under microwave irradiation.
Dual responsive pyridoxal-AHMT based fluorescent sensor towards zinc(ii) and mercury(ii) ions and its bioimaging application
Authors: Karthick Kettalu Ananthan , Shankar Bhaskaran , Gayathri Santhalingam , Aravind Manikka Kubendran , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem , Tamilselvi Arunachalam
Published: May 2023

In this current investigation, pyridoxal-AHMT based probe (L) was designed to detect Zn(II) and Hg(II) in solid/solution medium, and intracellular Hg(II) ions in A549 cell lines.
Understanding the effect of surfactants’ hydrophobicity on the growth of lanthanum sulfide nanospheres in water-in-oil microemulsions: a detailed dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy study
Authors: Rahaman Sk Mehebub , Bardhan Anirudh , Mandal Trishna , Chakraborty Madhuparna , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Dhibar Subhendu , Sharma Shivanjali , Chakravarty Manab , Ibrahim Samia M. , Saha Bidyut
Published: May 2023

Surfactants’ hydrophobicity controls the growth of lanthanum sulfide nanospheres in a water-in-oil microemulsion.
Emergent Ni catalysts induced by nitride-to-oxide transformation for coking and sintering resistant dry reforming of methane
Authors: Liu Yuying , Zheng Jiajia , Yan Tingting , Deng Jiang , Fang Jianhui , Zhang Dengsong
Published: May 2023

The SMSI effect induced by nitride-to-oxide transformation hinders Ni nanoparticle sintering. More oxygen vacancies formed on catalysts during the exchange of N and O, promoting CO2activation and facilitating carbon removal.
Crystal phase engineering of silicene by Sn-modified Ag(111)
Authors: Achilli Simona , Dhungana Daya Sagar , Orlando Federico , Grazianetti Carlo , Martella Christian , Molle Alessandro , Fratesi Guido
Published: May 2023

Engineering the silicene/Ag(111) interface by tin decoration or buffering by a stanene layer allows us to grow single-phase silicene both at monolayer and multilayer thickness, as revealed by diffraction/Raman and ab initio studies.
Synthesis of a quinoxaline–hydrazinobenzothiazole based probe—single point detection of Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ ions in real water samples
Authors: Christopher Leslee Denzil Britto , Venkatachalam Udhayadharshini , Gunasekaran Jayapratha , Karuppannan Sekar , Kuppannan Shanmuga Bharathi
Published: May 2023

Quinoxaline–Hydrazinobenzothiazole sensor detects four metal ions through distinct chromofluorogenic approach. Ratiometric photophysical profile was observed with a nanomolar detection limit and application in real water sample analyses.
Concentration and temperature dependent interactions and state diagram of dispersions of copolymer microgels
Authors: Ruiz-Franco José , Rivas-Barbosa Rodrigo , Lara-Peña Mayra A. , Villanueva-Valencia José R. , Licea-Claverie Angel , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Laurati Marco
Published: May 2023

We investigate by means of small angle neutron scattering experiments and numerical simulations the interactions and inter-particle arrangements of concentrated dispersions of copolymer microgels across the volume phase transition (VPT).
Pharmacokinetic studies of hyperoside-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Su Jianqing , Zhang Xinyu , Cao Shengliang , Liu Cheng , Fu Xiang , Zhang Rui , Li Xiaoli , Xue Jiaojiao , Li Ying , Wang Xueyan , Ding Yi , Li Yubao , Chu Xiuling
Published: May 2023

An inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrin is a promising method to improve the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Hyperoside-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in rats were evaluated. Compared with Hyperoside, the results showed that maximum plasma concentration and AUC0-t indexes of Hyperoside inclusion complex in rat plasma were increased, the value of half-life time was prolonged, and the value of apparent clearance was decreased, which proved that Hyperoside complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin could improve its bioavailability and increase its blood concentration. Secondly, the therapeutic effect of Hyperoside before and after complexing was further compared through the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. The experimental results showed that under the same dose, the Hyperoside inclusion complex had a better therapeutic effect, which could significantly increase the body weight of mice, improve the disease activity index, alleviate colon shortening, improve pathological colon changes, and have a better protective effect on colitis mice. According to 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, Hyperoside-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin may have an anti-inflammatory effect by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Firmicuria) and decreasing the proportion of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroidetes) to balance the colon’s microbiota.
Reframing Bilingual Acquisition and Theory: An Insider Perspective Through a Translanguaging Lens
Authors: Garivaldo Brandon , Fabiano-Smith Leah
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This exploratory study developed a process for reinterpreting previously published research studies in the bilingual literature. Three previously published studies on bilingual phonological acquisition were revisited due to the following characteristics: (a) they applied a theoretical framework for bilingual speech production developed by white bilingual researchers, thedual-systems hypothesis, and (b) project data were interpreted without the input and perspective of researchers representative of the community being studied. This study aims to provide a guide for the readership to reinterpret developmental speech and language studies on bilingual children through (a) the theoretical framework oftranslanguaging, which was developed by minoritized bilingual scholars and members of the community being studied, and (b) communityInsiderlenses, or the perspectives of research team members whose lived linguistic experiences match those of the target population studied.

Method:

Original interpretations of data were reexamined and reinterpreted incorporating (a) a research team member from the target community and (b) a novel theoretical lens developed by members of the target community calledtranslanguaging.

Results:

Original findings were extended through the application of translanguaging as a theoretical lens. New interpretations of original data were uncovered when a researcher from the Latinx community was involved in the data interpretation process. New insights were gained on phonological acquisition in bilingual Spanish–English–speaking preschoolers by applying a reinterpretation framework.

Conclusions:

Differences in data interpretation reveal that translanguaging may improve understanding of languaging in bilingual/multilingual communities. Implications for development of representative research teams when examining minoritized pediatric populations are also discussed.
Dense video captioning based on local attention
Authors: Qian Yong , Mao Yingchi , Chen Zhihao , Li Chang , Bloh Olano Teah , Huang Qian
Published: May 2023

Dense video captioning aims to locate multiple events in an untrimmed video and generate captions for each event. Previous methods experienced difficulties in establishing the multimodal feature relationship between frames and captions, resulting in low accuracy of the generated captions. To address this problem, a novel Dense Video Captioning Model Based on Local Attention (DVCL) is proposed. DVCL employs a 2D temporal differential CNN to extract video features, followed by feature encoding using a deformable transformer that establishes the global feature dependence of the input sequence. Then DIoU and TIoU are incorporated into the event proposal match algorithm and evaluation algorithm during training, to yield more accurate event proposals and hence increase the quality of the captions. Furthermore, an LSTM based on local attention is designed to generate captions, enabling each word in the captions to correspond to the relevant frame. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of DVCL. On the ActivityNet Captions dataset, DVCL performs significantly better than other baselines, with improvements of 5.6%, 8.2%, and 15.8% over the best baseline in BLEU4, METEOR, and CIDEr, respectively.
Combined signal‐interference/split‐type microwave multi‐band bandpass filters
Authors: Malki Mohamed , Yang Li , Gómez‐García Roberto
Published: May 2023

Two classes of RF/microwave planar quad‐band bandpass filters (BPFs) that simultaneously exploit transversal signal‐interference and multi‐passband‐splitting mechanisms are reported. The first approach makes use of a triple‐band bandpass transversal filtering section (TFS) composed of two in‐parallel stepped‐impedance coupled‐line signal‐propagation paths. By inserting an open‐ended stub at the input and output terminals of this TFS, its middle passband is divided into two sub‐bands to attain an overall quad‐passband filtering response. The second configuration employs a dual‐passband TFS based on a coupled‐line directional coupler with open‐ended stubs at its direct and coupled ports. By loading such TFS with a replica of it at the direct and coupled ports of its coupler, the two passbands are split into four sub‐bands to obtain the quad‐band functionality. The RF operational foundations of these quad‐band BPFs, along with single‐ and multi‐stage design examples featuring sharp‐rejection four‐passband filtering responses with transmission zeros (TZs), are detailed. Moreover, for experimental‐demonstration purposes, two microstrip prototypes are developed and tested. Besides, as a further application, a two‐layer balanced‐circuit version with ultra‐broad common‐mode (CM) suppression of the constituent triple‐passband TFS of the first prototype is built and measured.
Passive fault‐tolerant control for discrete parameter system
Authors: Du Dan , Li Zetao
Published: May 2023

This study develops a passive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) method with weak conservatism for the discrete parameter system. For the first time, application of (0‐1) and symbolic parameters for describing the discrete parameter system is given. In addition, the relationship between the discrete parameter domain and the control strategy feasible set is discussed. This paper mainly discusses the significance of the intersection set of control strategy feasible sets for passive FTC. Moreover, a suggestion that the intersection set can be constructed in the absence of the intersection set by changing the topology of the controlled object or changing the controller, or combining both options is proposed. Furthermore, the conditions of obtaining a global‐optimal passive FTC strategy and a local‐optimal passive FTC strategy are analyzed, which depend on the size of the control strategy feasible set for optimizing. Finally, the simulation is carried out to show the validity of the proposed passive FTC scheme.
Variable weight coefficient MPC control strategy for qZSI‐VSG wind power grid‐connected system
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Yihan , Luo Bing , Ling Yun
Published: May 2023

Quasi‐Z source inverters (qZSI) can overcome the disadvantages of conventional wind power systems, because of achieving the balanced DC‐link voltage by using its boost ability. The majority of currently used control methods for conventional inverters are susceptible to parameter changes, and the qZSI are controlled by finite switching sequence model predictive control (FSS‐MPC). In this paper, a Variable weight coefficient Model Predictive Control (V‐MPC) strategy is proposed. First, based on the optimal scheduling algorithm, according to the priority of the controlled object. The proportioning weights of the global feasible solution and the local optimal solution in the algorithm are coordinated. Then, using the equality‐constraints quadratic programming method, according to the relationship between the system frequency and the reference value, increase the weight of the qZSI algorithm or increase the proportion of VSG control to improve the ability to suppress frequency fluctuations. It can give full play to the short‐term power support role of the virtual synchronous wind turbine. The modeling and testing findings validate the suggested control strategy. When compared to the conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC), the V‐MPC can minimize the big store inductance current ripple and have lower THD in the load currents waveform.
An unsupervised cyberattack detection scheme for AC microgrids using Gaussian process regression and one‐class support vector machine anomaly detection
Authors: Choi Jeewon , Roshanzadeh Behshad , Martínez‐Ramón Manel , Bidram Ali
Published: May 2023

This paper addresses the cybersecurity of hierarchical control of AC microgrids with distributed secondary control. The false data injection (FDI) cyberattack is assumed to alter the operating frequency of inverter‐based distributed generators (DGs) in an islanded microgrid. For the microgrids consisting of the grid‐forming inverters with the secondary control operating in a distributed manner, the attack on one DG deteriorates not only the corresponding DG but also the other DGs that receive the corrupted information via the distributed communication network. To this end, an FDI attack detection algorithm based on a combination of Gaussian process regression and one‐class support vector machine (OC‐SVM) anomaly detection is introduced. This algorithm is unsupervised in the sense that it does not require labelled abnormal data for training which is difficult to collect. The Gaussian process model predicts the response of the DG, and its prediction error and estimated variances provide input to an OC‐SVM anomaly detector. This algorithm returns enhanced detection performance than the standalone OC‐SVM. The proposed cyberattack detector is trained and tested with the data collected from a 4 DG microgrid test model and is validated in both simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop testbeds.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Maldonado J. , Petralia A. , Mantovan G. , Rainer M. , Lanza A. F. , Di Maio C. , Colombo S. , Nardiello D. , Benatti S. , Borsato L. , Carleo I. , Desidera S. , Micela G. , Nascimbeni V. , Malavolta L. , Damasso M. , Sozzetti A. , Affer L. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Borsa F. , Lund M. B. , Mancini L. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M.
Published: May 2023

Context. Massive substellar companions orbiting active low-mass stars are rare. They, however, offer an excellent opportunity to study the main mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of substellar objects.

Aims. We aim to unravel the physical nature of the transit signal observed by the TESS space mission on the active M dwarf TOI-5375.

Methods. We analysed the available TESS photometric data as well as high-resolution (R ~ 115 000) HARPS-N spectra. We combined these data to characterise the star TOI-5375 and to disentangle signals related to stellar activity from the companion transit signal in the light-curve data. We ran a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to derive the orbital solution and applied state-of-the-art Gaussian process regression to deal with the stellar activity signal.

Results. We reveal the presence of a companion in the boundary between the brown dwarfs and the very-low-mass stars orbiting around the star TOI-5375. The best-fit model corresponds to a companion with an orbital period of 1.721564 ± 10−6 d, a mass of 77 ± 8 MJ, and a radius of 0.99 ± 0.16 RJ.

Conclusions. We derive a rotation period for the host star of 1.9692 ± 0.0004 d, and we conclude that the star is very close to synchronising its rotation with the orbital period of the companion.
Gerüche als Kommunikationspfade – warum Emotionen
durch die Nase gehen
Authors: Croy Ilona , Bierling Antonie
Published: May 2023

Für viele Spezies ist der Geruchssinn das bedeutsamste Sinnessystem, um
mit der Umwelt und Artgenossen zu interagieren. Demgegenüber wurde die
Rolle der Wahrnehmung und Kommunikation chemosensorischer Informationen beim
Menschen lange Zeit unterschätzt. Der menschliche Geruchssinn galt als
weniger zuverlässig, sodass diesem im Vergleich mit visuellen und
auditiven Sinneseindrücken weniger Bedeutung beigemessen wurde. Seit
einiger Zeit befasst sich ein wachsender Forschungszweig mit der häufig
nur unterbewusst wahrgenommenen Rolle des Geruchssinnes für Emotion und
soziale Kommunikation. Dieser Zusammenhang soll im Folgenden genauer betrachtet
werden. Zur besseren Verständlichkeit und Einordnung werden
zunächst die wesentlichen Hintergründe zu Aufbau und Funktion
unseres Riechsystems thematisiert. Darauf aufbauend wird auf die Bedeutung
eingegangen, die das Riechen für zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation und
unsere Emotionalität hat. Daraus lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass
Personen mit Riechstörungen spezifische
Lebensqualitätseinschränkungen erleben.
Biomechanische Studien zur Verankerung von Pedikelschrauben
Authors: Spicher Anna , Lindtner Richard , Schmölz Werner
Published: May 2023

Dieser Übersichtsartikel befasst sich mit biomechanischen Testungen zur Verankerung von Pedikelschrauben an der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule. Es werden verschiedene Verfahren zu Testungen von Gesamtkonstruktionen sowie einzelner Pedikelschrauben erörtert. Im Weiteren werden Ergebnisse bereits durchgeführter Testungen zur Verankerung von Pedikelschrauben diskutiert, in welchen gezeigt werden konnte, dass Adaptionen von Augmentationstechniken und Verbesserungen des Pedikelschraubendesign einen vorteilhaften Einfluss auf die Schraubenverankerung haben. Biomechanische Studien stellen somit ein wichtiges Bindeglied zwischen Entwicklung und Klinik dar.
Tinnitus und multimodale kortikale Interaktion
Authors: Dobel Christian , Junghöfer Markus , Mazurek Birgit , Paraskevopoulos Evangelos , Groß Joachim
Published: May 2023

Mit dem Begriff des subjektiven Tinnitus wird ein wahrgenommenes Geräusch
ohne externe Quelle beschrieben. Daher scheint es naheliegend, dass Tinnitus als
rein auditives, sensorisches Problem verstanden werden kann. Aus klinischer
Sicht ist das jedoch eine sehr unzureichende Beschreibung, da bei chronischem
Tinnitus erhebliche Komorbiditäten vorliegen. Neurophysiolgische
Untersuchungen mit unterschiedlichen bildgebenden Verfahren ergeben ein sehr
ähnliches Bild, da bei Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus nicht nur das
auditive System betroffen ist, sonderen ein weitverzweigtes subkortikales und
kortikales Netzwerk. Neben auditiven Verarbeitungssystemen sind insbesondere
Netzwerke bestehend aus frontalen und parietalen Regionen gestört. Aus
diesem Grund wird Tinnitus von einigen Autoren als Netzwerk-Störung
konzeptualisiert und nicht als eine Störung eines eng umschriebenen
Systems. Diese Ergebnisse und diese Sichtweise legen nahe, dass Tinnitus auf
fach- und modalitätsübergreifende Weise diagnostiziert und
behandelt werden muss.
(Zu-)Hören mit alterndem Gehirn – eine kognitive
Herausforderung
Authors: Großmann Wilma
Published: May 2023

In den letzten Jahren sind Hörstörungen als potentiell
modifizierbarer Risikofaktor für neurokognitive
Beeinträchtigungen der alternden Gesellschaft zunehmend in den Fokus
wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten gerückt. Sensorische und kognitive Defizite
sind über komplexe Bottom-Up und Top-Down Prozesse eng miteinander
verbunden, eine scharfe Trennung von Sensorik, Wahrnehmung und Kognition ist
unmöglich. Die Auswirkung normaler und pathologischer Alterungsprozesse
sowohl des auditiven Systems als auch kognitiver Funktionen auf das Wahrnehmen
und Verstehen von Sprache werden im Rahmen dieses Referates ebenso vorgestellt,
wie die spezifischen auditorischen Beeinträchtigungen bei den beiden
häufigsten neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen des älteren Menschen
– Alzheimer-Krankheit und Parkinson-Syndrom. Hypothesen zum
Kausalzusammenhang werden erläutert und der aktuelle Wissenstand zum
Effekt der Hörrehabilitation aufgezeigt. Dieser Beitrag bietet damit
einen Überblick über die komplexen Zusammenhänge von
Hören und Kognition im höheren Lebensalter.
Hören und Kognition im Kindesalter
Authors: Kral Andrej
Published: May 2023

Nach der Geburt entwickelt sich das Gehirn weiter. Diese umfangreiche Entwicklung
ist durch Hörstörungen in der Kindheit beeinträchtigt.
Die Entwicklung von kortikalen Synapsen im Hörsystem ist dann
verzögert und deren nachfolgender Abbau verstärkt. Neueste
Arbeiten belegen, dass dabei vor allem die Synapsen betroffen sind, die
für kortikokortikale Verarbeitung der Reize verantwortlich sind. Dies
äußert sich in Defiziten bei der auditiven Verarbeitung. Andere
Sinnessysteme sind indirekt beeinträchtigt, vor allem in der
multisensorischen Kooperation. Wegen der umfangreichen Vernetzung des
Hörsystems mit dem Rest des Gehirns werden interindividuell
unterschiedliche kognitive Funktionen bei Hörstörungen
verändert. Diese Effekte erfordern einen individualisierten Ansatz bei
Therapie von Gehörlosigkeit.
Ambulante rehabilitative Versorgung von Patienten mit Long-COVID – eine leitlinienorientierte klinisch-praktische Handlungsempfehlung
Authors: Teixido Lidia , Andreeva Elena , Gartmann Judith , Lemhöfer Christina , Sturm Christian , Gutenbrunner Christoph
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Auch über Wochen und Monate anhaltende und neu auftretende Symptome nach einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion sind verbreitet und führen teilweise zu einem bunten Bild an Einschränkungen und Defiziten. Wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu einzelnen therapeutischen Möglichkeiten ist nur begrenzt verfügbar. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher pragmatische Behandlungsempfehlungen analog der aktuellen Heilmittelrichtlinie aufzustellen.

Methode Neben einer Suche in sechs elektronischen Datenbanken wurden auch die Erfahrungen aus der Behandlung von hunderten Betroffenen aus der Post-COVID-Sprechstunde sowie Patienten mit ähnlichen Symptomen bei anderen Erkrankungen herangezogen. Unter Einbeziehung aller Autoren erfolgte dann die Entwicklung der pragmatischen Handlungsempfehlungen für die Hauptsymptome im Rahmen ambulanter Therapiemaßnahmen. Eine Aufstellung von möglicher Diagnostik und funktionellen Assessments vor der Therapie wurde abschließend entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Für die Hauptsymptome Fatigue, Dyspnoe und kognitive Einschränkungen bietet der Heilmittelkatalog unter der Diagnose U09.9 weitreichende therapeutische Möglichkeiten. Die Zusammenstellung der Therapiepakete sollte individuell erfolgen und durch Reassesments an das Leistungsniveau angepasst werden. Eine Aufklärung des Patienten über mögliche Rückfälle und Verschlechterungen sowie Umgang mit diesen sollte Teil der Therapie sein.

Diskussion Ambulante Heilmittel sollten im Rahmen des besonderen Verordnungsbedarfes zur Behandlung von Long-COVID eingesetzt werden. Hierbei ist es wichtig auch schwerwiegende Komplikationen nach der Erkrankung, wie beispielsweise das Post-intensive-Care-Syndrom zu erfassen und speziell zu behandeln. Eine regelmäßige Überprüfung wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten und Empfehlungen sollte auf Grund der schnellen Weiterentwicklung der Erkenntnisse erfolgen. Qualitativ hochwertige Interventionsstudien sind notwendig, um eine größere Evidenz auf diesem Gebiet zu erreichen.
Mimik und Emotion
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: May 2023

Die menschliche Mimik ist einzigartig in ihrer Fähigkeit unseren
Emotionen Ausdruck zu verleihen und diese anderen Menschen zu
übermitteln. Die mimische Expression grundlegender Emotionen ist
über verschiedene Kulturen hinweg sehr ähnlich und du weist auch
Gemeinsamkeiten zu anderen Säugetieren auf. Dies deutet auf einen
gemeinsamen genetischen Ursprung des Zusammenhangs von Mimik und Emotion. Neuere
Untersuchungen zeigen aber auch kulturelle Einflüsse und Unterschiede.
Die Erkennung von Emotionen aus der Mimik und auch der Prozess des mimischen
Ausdrucks der eigenen Emotionen erfolgt in einem äußerst
komplexen zerebralen Netzwerk. Aufgrund der Komplexität des zerebralen
Verarbeitungssystems gibt es eine Vielzahl von neurologischen und
psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, welche die Kopplung von Mimik und Emotionen
erheblich stören können. Auch durch das Tragen von Masken wird
unsere Fähigkeit zur Übermittlung und zum Erkennen von Emotionen
über die Mimik eingeschränkt. Durch die Mimik lassen sich aber
nicht nur „echte“ Emotionen ausdrücken, sondern auch
gespielte. Damit eröffnet die Mimik die Möglichkeit sozial
erwünschten Ausdruck vorzuspielen und auch Emotionen bewusst
vorzutäuschen. Diese Täuschungen sind jedoch zumeist nicht
perfekt und können von kurzfristigen Gesichtsbewegungen begleitet sein,
die auf die tatsächlich vorhandenen Emotionen hinweisen
(Mikroexpressionen). Diese Mikroexpressionen sind von nur sehr kurzer Dauer und
vom Menschen häufig kaum wahrnehmbar, jedoch das ideale Anwendungsgebiet
für computergestützte Analysen. Diese automatische
Identifikation von Mikroexpressionen hat in den letzten Jahren nicht nur
wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, sondern ihr Einsatz wird auch in
sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen getestet. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst den
aktuellen Wissensstand von Mimik und Emotionen zusammen.
Barrieren bei der Implementierung pharmakogenetischer Testungen in
der Psychiatrie in Deutschland – Ergebnisse aus der FACT-PGx
Studie
Authors: Hahn Martina , Frantz Amelie Merle , Eckert Andreas , Reif Andreas
Published: May 2023

Ziel der Studie Die FACT-PGx Studie sollte Barrieren bei der
Implementierung von pharmakogenetischen Testungen auf Station einer
psychiatrischen Klinik aufdecken, um sie in Folge überwinden zu
können, so dass die flächendeckende Implementierung schneller
erfolgen kann.

Methodik 104 Patienten (50% Frauen) mit F32.x oder F33.x wurden
genotypisiert. 67 Patienten (64%; 57% Frauen) beantworteten den
selbstentwickelten Fragebogen. Der Einfluss demografischer Daten wie
Bildungsstand, Alter und Vorbehandlungen die Antworten des Fragebogens wurden
mittels t-Test (kategorial) Wilcoxon-Rank-Test (kontinuierlich) untersucht.

Ergebnisse Kein Patient lehnte eine Genotypisierung ab. 99%
glaubten, dass PGx ihren Aufenthalt verkürzen könne. Patienten
>40 Jahre und mit höherem Bildungsgrad waren eher bereit, Geld
für eine Genotypisierung auszugeben (beides p=0.009).
Durchschnittlich waren die Patienten bereit, im Mittel 117,42 €
+/- 140,49 € auszugeben und 15,83+/-
8,92 Tage auf Befunde zu warten. Die Prozessabläufe für eine
Genotypisierung in der Klinik unterscheiden sich von dem Routinelabor.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten stellen bei der Implementierung keine Barriere
dar, sondern befördern eher die Implementierung. Prozessabläufe
können Barrieren darstellen, die jedoch durch Optimierung
überwunden werden können.
Culturing Limbal Epithelial Cells of Long-term Stored Corneal Donors (Organ Culture) In Vitro – A Stepwise Linear Regression Algorithm
Authors: Li Zhen , Böhringer Daniel , Stachon Tanja , Nastaranpour Mahsa , Fries Fabian Norbert , Seitz Berthold , Ulrich Myriam , Munteanu Cristian , Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra
Published: May 2023

Purpose To assess various potential factors on human limbal epithelial cell (LEC) outgrowth in vitro using corneal donor tissue following long-term storage (organ culture) and a stepwise linear regression algorithm.

Methods Of 215 donors, 304 corneoscleral rings were used for our experiments. For digestion of the limbal tissue and isolation of the limbal epithelial cells, the tissue pieces were incubated with 4.0 mg/mL collagenase A at 37 °C with 95% relative humidity and a 5% CO2 atmosphere overnight. Thereafter, limbal epithelial cells were separated from limbal keratocytes using a 20-µm CellTricks filter. The separated human LECs were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S), 0.02% epidermal growth factor (EGF), and 0.3% bovine pituitary extract (BPE). The potential effect of donor age (covariate), postmortem time (covariate), medium time (covariate), size of the used corneoscleral ring (360°, 270°180°, 120°, 90°, less than 90°) (covariate), endothelial cell density (ECD) (covariate), gender (factor), number of culture medium changes during organ culture (factor), and origin of the donor (donating institution and storing
institution, factor) on the limbal epithelial cell outgrowth was analyzed with a stepwise linear regression algorithm.

Results The rate of successful human LEC outgrowth was 37.5%. From the stepwise linear regression algorithm, we found out that the relevant influencing parameters on the LEC growth were intercept (p < 0.001), donor age (p = 0.002), number of culture medium changes during organ culture (p < 0.001), total medium time (p = 0.181), and size of the used corneoscleral ring (p = 0.007), as well as medium time × size of the corneoscleral ring (p = 0.007).

Conclusions The success of LEC outgrowth increases with lower donor age, lower number of organ culture medium changes during storage, shorter medium time in organ culture, and smaller corneoscleral ring size. Our stepwise linear regression algorithm may help us in optimizing LEC cultures in vitro.
Digital Smile Makeover: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Nourah Dalia
Published: May 2023

Aesthetics is a fundamental part of contemporary dental practice. A pleasant smile depends on the gingival tissue architecture and dental characteristics. Excessive gingival display (gummy smile) is considered an unattractive smile and can affect a person's confidence. There are many etiological factors related to a gummy smile. Aesthetic rehabilitation of these cases often requires an interdisciplinary approach and close collaboration between dental specialties. This article describes an approach to excessive gingival display management caused by short teeth and hyperactive lips using a digital workflow for crown lengthening. A digital approach enables predictable planning and decreases the need for postsurgical modifications, thus shortening the treatment duration. Computer software is used for planning and 3D-printed guide for crown lengthening and implant placement. Two months later, lip repositioning was performed to reduce the hyperactive lip. After 4 months, prosthetic treatment and Botox injections were done to restore an aesthetic smile.
Optimization of proton beam quality by obliquely incident laser pre-pulse
Authors: Rahman O. , Li Tian-Cheng , Sheng Zheng-Mao
Published: May 2023

An investigation has been made to enhance the proton acceleration through the use of an additional obliquely incident lower intense pre-pulse. We observed by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation that the surface plasma waves can be generated on a flat target using a low-intensity pre-pulse, which is beneficial for enhancing the laser self-focusing and consequently boosting the proton acceleration. We noticed that the proton acceleration is driven by a hybrid acceleration process. The obtained proton beam peak energy and the maximum energy are found to increase by about 205% and 68%, respectively, for the case with pre-pulse in comparison to the cases where the pre-pulse is absent. Moreover, significant degradation of the proton beam energy spread and angular divergence are also seen.
Spin–phonon interactions and magnetoelectric coupling in Co4B2O9 (B = Nb, Ta)
Authors: Park K. , Kim J. , Choi S. , Fan S. , Kim C. , Oh D. G. , Lee N. , Cheong S.-W. , Kiryukhin V. , Choi Y. J. , Vanderbilt D. , Lee J. H. , Musfeldt J. L.
Published: May 2023

In order to explore the consequences of spin–orbit coupling on spin–phonon interactions in a set of chemically similar mixed metal oxides, we measured the infrared vibrational properties of Co4B2O9 (B = Nb, Ta) as a function of temperature and compared our findings with lattice dynamics calculations and several different models of spin–phonon coupling. Frequency vs temperature trends for the Co2+ shearing mode near 150 cm−1 reveal significant shifts across the magnetic ordering temperature that are especially large in relative terms. Bringing these results together and accounting for noncollinearity, we obtain spin–phonon coupling constants of −3.4 and −4.3 cm−1 for Co4Nb2O9 and the Ta analog, respectively. Analysis reveals that these coupling constants are derived from interlayer (rather than intralayer) exchange interactions and that the interlayer interactions contain competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions. At the same time, beyond-Heisenberg terms are minimized due to fortuitous symmetry considerations, different from most other 4d- and 5d-containing oxides. Comparison with other contemporary oxides shows that spin–phonon coupling in this family of materials is among the strongest ever reported, suggesting an origin for magnetoelectric coupling.
Correlated factors for Li-ion migration in ionic conductors with the fcc anion sublattice
Authors: Ouyang Runxin , Xu Zhenming , Zhu Hong
Published: May 2023

The development of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high lithium ionic conductivities is critical for the realization of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Crystal structure distortions, Li polyhedron volumes, and anion charges in SSEs are reported to affect the energy landscapes, and it is paramount to investigate their correlations. Our works uncover the cooperative effect of lithium site distortions, anion charges, and lattice volumes on Li-ion migration energy barrier in superionic conductors of LiMS2 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and Li2MO3 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni). Combined with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator analyses, the volume and Continuous symmetrical methods (CSMs) of Li tetrahedral (Tet) sites appear to have a larger effect on the manipulation of Ea for Li migration, compared to that of Li octahedral (Oct) sites, which is further confirmed by the results from the face-centered cubic (fcc) anion lattice model. For the Tet–Oct–Tet Li migration path, the CSM (the volume of Li site) has a negative (positive) correlation with Ea, while for the Oct–Tet–Oct Li migration paths, opposite correlations have been observed. The understanding of the correlation between site preference, anion charge, lattice volume, and structural distortion as well as the prediction model of Ea in terms of these three factors, namely, C–V–D model, could be useful for the design of solid-state electrolytes with lower activation energy.
Label free identification of different cancer cells using deep learning-based image analysis
Authors: Gardner Karl , Joshi Rutwik , Hasan Kashem Md Nayeem , Pham Thanh Quang , Lu Qiugang , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

Cancer diagnostics is an important field of cancer recovery and survival with many expensive procedures needed to administer the correct treatment. Machine Learning (ML) approaches can help with the diagnostic prediction from circulating tumor cells in liquid biopsy or from a primary tumor in solid biopsy. After predicting the metastatic potential from a deep learning model, doctors in a clinical setting can administer a safe and correct treatment for a specific patient. This paper investigates the use of deep convolutional neural networks for predicting a specific cancer cell line as a tool for label free identification. Specifically, deep learning strategies for weight initialization and performance metrics are described, with transfer learning and the accuracy metric utilized in this work. The equipment used for prediction involves brightfield microscopy without the use of chemical labels, advanced instruments, or time-consuming biological techniques, giving an advantage over current diagnostic methods. In the procedure, three different binary datasets of well-known cancer cell lines were collected, each having a difference in metastatic potential. Two different classification models were adopted (EfficientNetV2 and ResNet-50) with the analysis given for each stage in the ML architecture. The training results for each model and dataset are provided and systematically compared. We found that the test set accuracy showed favorable performance for both ML models with EfficientNetV2 accuracy reaching up to 99%. These test results allowed EfficientNetV2 to outperform ResNet-50 at an average percent increase of 3.5% for each dataset. The high accuracy obtained from the predictions demonstrates that the system can be retrained on a large-scale clinical dataset.