bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal mid- and late-pregnancy distress and birth outcome: A causal model of the mediatory role of pregnancy-specific distress
Authors: Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Hassanjanzadeh Parvin , Khafri Soraya
Published: September 2019

Background: There is lack of information about the effect of general distress and pregnancy-specific distress in mid- and late-pregnancy separately on neonatal outcome.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of mid-maternal distress on late-maternal distress and birth outcomes with a causal model of relationships among general distress and pregnancy-specific distress.
Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal descriptive study, 100 low-risk pregnant women participated. Participants completed three questionnaires at mid-pregnancy (13–26 wk) and at late pregnancy (27–40 wk). Pregnancy-general distress was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Pregnancy specific distress was evaluated by the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. The pregnant women were followed to after birth and neonatal outcome were assessed.
Results: All total effect pathways were significant as predictors of birth outcomes (height, weight, and head circumference). Mid-pregnancy-specific distress had a significant relationship with late pregnancy-specific distress. However, mid-maternal distress was not related directly to birth outcomes. The effect of mid-maternal distress on birth outcomes was related indirectly to late-maternal distress. Both late general distress and late pregnancy-specific distress had direct negative effects on three indexes of birth outcome. The negative effect of late general-pregnancy distress and mid-pregnancy-specific distress on birth outcome was mediated through late pregnancy-specific distress.
Conclusion: Both late pregnancy-general distress and pregnancy-specific distress have negative effects on birth outcomes. These findings support a role for negative effect as mediating the relationship between late pregnancy-specific distress and birth outcomes.
A Model for Effective Implementation of Health Policy in Iran
Authors: Maesoumi Zahra , Sanei Mehdi , Hematian Hadi
Published: September 2019

Background: Policies will be communicated to administrators after being drafted and approved. Sometimes, they undergo changes at the implementation stage that remove them from their goals. The aim of this study was to provide a model to improve the quality of policy implementation in the health system of Iran.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2018. In order to collect the required information, a library method was used by not taking tool and in the second field stage, exploratory interviewing tool was applied. The study population consisted of the senior managers in the Ministry of Health, heads of the medical universities, and government hospitals. In this research, targeted and snowball sampling methods were used to select the interviewees. A total of 33 interviews were conducted. For analysis of the data, the database analysis was used and for modeling a system attitude was applied. Also, for the purpose of model testing, narrative interviews were used.
Results: After recording the collected data and removing the repetitive components of the exploratory interviews and research background, 115 statements were identified. After the open encryption, 115 concepts were introduced. Finally, by axial and selective encodings, 9 components were determined: general culture, structure, information, policy quality, implementation style, rules and regulations, resource allocation, empowerment, and environment. Each of these components had dimensions and characteristics, which made a total of 46 indicators associated with capacity building of the health system policies.
Conclusion:  Improved quality of the policies' implementation in various layers of the health system leads to a mutual trust between the health system of Iran and various levels of the target community, increases motivation, strengthens the spirit of cooperation, improves sharing efforts and teamwork among the executives, and provides an optimal context for emergence of creativity and innovation in implementation of policies, promotes health indicators in the community, and gains credibility for the health system of Iran.
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS OF POLITICAL ARTICLES IN EASTERN AND WESTERN ONLINE NEWS
Authors: Abdulameer Ali Hussein , Mohd Noor Siti Noor Fazelah , Nasser Wisam Khalis
Published: September 2019

Purpose of study: Political discourse causes a large attendance, due to their influence on economic, cultural and societal. The current study investigates 80 political articles in Eastern and Western online news by applied transitivity analysis under the systemic functional study by (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014).

Methodology: The study employs qualitative analysis the systemic functional linguistics with Critical discourse analysis to find out the answers for the next two questions: First, How the transitivity process recognizes the experiential meaning in the social actor's discourse in the Western and Eastern online news? Second, what are the differences or similarities in the social actor's discourse in Eastern and Western online news? The documentation method uses to collect data from the two online newspapers, from Eastern (Al JAZEERA) and from Western news (THE GUARDIAN) from 6th December 2017 to 13th May 2018.

Main Findings: The main findings show that verbal processes, is most predominant in social actors discourse in Eastern especially Turkish’s president mostly used the processes and in Western France president mostly used transitivity processes in online news and followed by relational, and mental.

Implications/Applications: On the basis of the study, can be better to understand the thinking manner and cultural features and the attitudes and judgments of the political in East and West.

Originality/Novelty of Study: Many Researchers like Naz, Alvi, and Baseer (2012), Farhat (2016) and Xiaowan (2018) utilized transitivity processes to study political discourse. The researcher can’t find any study employs Transitivity processes to investigate the political articles in Eastern and Western online news consider Trump’s decision after declared Jerusalem as Israel capital on 6th December 2017.
El Derecho a la Seguridad Social ante el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales
Authors: Martínez Martínez Verónica Lidia
Published: September 2019

A partir de un breve estudio de la Carta Social Europea de 1961, sus protocolos y la Carta Social Europea Revisada, en el presente trabajo, con base en la interpretación autorizada que hace el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales al momento de pronunciarse sobre los informes presentados por los Estados, se exponen los requerimientos mínimos que deben reunir los sistemas de seguridad para ajustarse a la Carta de 1961 y a la Carta revisada, así como la justiciabilidad del derecho a la seguridad social en el procedimiento de reclamaciones colectivas.Recibido: 10 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Los derechos de las minorías parlamentarias en el procedimiento legislativo. Análisis del Ius in Officiumen la tramitación de las «leyes de desconexión» de Cataluña
Authors: Nieto Jiménez José Carlos
Published: September 2019

La tramitación parlamentaria de la Ley del referéndum y de la Ley de transitoriedad supuso el inicio de una nueva etapa del «conflicto catalán». Con la aprobación de estas normas de desconexión se consumó el desafío al Estado español y especialmente al Tribunal Constitucional, que había prohibido por cuestiones de fondo la tramitación de iniciativas como las que nos ocuparán. El paso por el Parlamento de estas normas estuvo protagonizada por la actuación la mayoría (absoluta) independentista que cercenó derechos esenciales y articuladores del ius in officium de los diputados de la oposición minoritaria. Estudiaremos qué concretos derechos y facultades fueron vulneradas y como el Tribunal Constitucional, con más o menos acierto, protegió los mismos.Recibido: 10 diciembre 2018Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Régimen de propiedad y trabajo por cuenta propia en Cuba: De 1959 a la nueva Constitución de 2019
Authors: Noguera Fernández Albert
Published: September 2019

En julio de 2018, la Asamblea Nacional de Cuba inició el trámite de discusión de un nuevo proyecto de Constitución, cuya aprobación, mediante referéndum, se produjo en febrero de 2019. Esta Constitución es la concreción jurídico-formal de todo un conjunto de transformaciones sociales y económicas que vienen produciéndose en la isla desde inicios de la década de los 90, con la caída del bloque socialista. El presente artículo lleva a cabo un análisis de las transformaciones que en materia de propiedad y de regulación del trabajo por cuenta propia se han producido durante este período, así como de las novedades que la nueva Constitución introduce en estos aspectos.Recibido: 4 abril 2019Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
El arbitraje de inversiones entre la Unión Europea y Singapur: ¿Del arbitraje de diferencias Estado-Inversor a un sistema de Tribunales de Inversiones?
Authors: Recio San Emeterio Sophie
Published: September 2019

El régimen de arbitraje de inversiones entre la Unión Europea (UE) y Singapur ha pasado del arbitraje de diferencias Estado-inversor propuesto por el borrador del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la UE y Singapur del 2015 a un Sistema de Tribunales de Inversiones en el borrador del Acuerdo de Protección de las Inversiones entre la UE y Singapur (APIUES) del 2018. Esta evolución se fundamenta en: a) los cambios de forma y fondo introducidos por el APIUES; y, b) un análisis comparativo de los sistemas de tribunales de inversiones previstos en el APIUES, la Asociación Transatlántica para el Comercio y la Inversión entre la UE y los Estados Unidos, y el Acuerdo Económico y Comercial Global entre la UE y Canadá.Recibido: 10 febrero 2019Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Giacomo Dell edonne y Giuseppe Martinico. The Canadian Contribution to a Comparative Law of Secession. Legacies of the Quebec Secession Reference, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2019
Authors: Romero Caro Francisco Javier
Published: September 2019

La obra editada por Giacomo Delledonne y Giuseppe Martinico viene a conmemorar el vigésimo aniversario del célebre Dictamen del Tribunal Supremo de Canadá (TS) sobre la Secesión de Quebec. En un contexto de renovado interés por parte de la doctrina en los movimientos soberanistas, especialmente a raíz del procés catalán, esta obra nos ofrece un conjunto de artículos escritos por académicos de amplia trayectoria y renombre internacional, quienes reflexionan sobre el contenido y legado de un Dictamen que ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma a la hora de abordar la secesión en un estado democrático con respecto al tradicional del federalismo estadounidense caracterizado por negar tajantemente cualquier posibilidad de la misma. Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Pablo Pérez Tremps. Las reformas de la Constitución hechas y no hechas, Tirant lo Blanch, 2018
Authors: Rosado Villaverde Cecilia
Published: September 2019

La reforma constitucional en España siempre ha sido una cuestión problemática y no exenta de polémica que ha tenido sus consecuencias no sólo en el ámbito jurídico-constitucional, sino también en el ámbito político y social. Es por ello que Pablo Pérez Tremps ha decidido, en una obra de gran profundidad, reflexionar sobre esta materia una vez cumplidos los cuarenta años de nuestra Carta Magna. Mucho más si tenemos en cuenta que actualmente es un tema que aparece de forma nítida en los debates nacionales. Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Federalismo: compromiso trágico y conflictos
Authors: Delledonne Giacomo
Published: September 2019

El equilibrio interno de poder de las órdenes federales es un tema importante en el pensamiento constitucional de Kelsen. Su teoría de los conflictos federales está en deuda tanto con los logros de sus investigaciones sobre la teoría del derecho como con su participación directa en los debates de política constitucional en los años veinte y treinta. Al hacerlo, adoptó una postura firme en el momento del golpe prusiano, una importante crisis constitucional en cuya gestión Carl Schmitt también desempeñó un papel importante. En mi ensayo, me basaré en el análisis de Paolo Carrozza sobre la contribución de Kelsen a la teoría constitucional de las federaciones. Se trata de resaltar su relevancia para una comprensión adecuada de los desarrollos más recientes en los sistemas federales, incluidas las consecuencias de las crisis secesionistas en Europa.Recibido: 11 mayo 2019Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
Ampliación de la competencia de la UE en materia penal mediante políticas. La Directiva antifraude como caso de estudio
Authors: Mancano Leandro
Published: September 2019

Se discute el surgimiento de un sistema de justicia penal en múltiples niveles en la UE y el papel de los conflictos constitucionales resultantes de ello. Inspirándose en la contribución de Paolo Carrozza sobre el papel perdurable de Hans Kelsen, el documento analiza la ampliación de las competencias de la UE en Derecho penal para perseguir la eficacia de las políticas europeas.Recibido: 11 mayo 2019Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019
EMDR and Nonpharmacological Techniques for Anxiety Prevention in Children Prior to Invasive Medical Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mariani Wigley Isabella Lucia Chiara , De Tommasi Valentina , Bonichini Sabrina , Fernandez Isabel , Benini Franca
Published: September 2019

Nonpharmacological Techniques (NPT) have been suggested as an efficient and safe means to reduce pain and anxiety in invasive medical procedures. Due to the anxious and potentially traumatic nature of these procedures, we decided to integrate an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) session in the preprocedure NPT. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of one session of EMDR in addition to the routine NPT. Forty-nine pediatric patients (Male = 25; Female = 24) aged 8–18 years (M = 13.17; SD = 2.98) undergoing painful and invasive medical procedures were randomized to receive standard preprocedural care (N = 25) or a session of EMDR in addition to the standard nonpharmacological interventions (N = 24). Participants completed the anxiety and depression scales from the Italian Psychiatric Self-evaluation Scale for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) and rated anxiety on a 0–10 numeric rating scale. Participants in the NPT+EMDR condition expressed significantly less anxiety before the medical procedure than those in the NPT group (p = .038). The integration of EMDR with NPT was demonstrated to be an effective anxiety prevention technique for pediatric sedo-analgesia. These results are the first data on the efficacy of EMDR as a technique to prevent anxiety in pediatric sedo-analgesia. There are important long-term clinical implications because this therapy allows an intervention on situations at risk of future morbidity and the prevention of severe disorders.
EMDR Case Formulation Tool
Authors: Santos Ines
Published: September 2019

This article describes a diagrammatic clinical tool to be used when formulating cases in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, the EMDR Case Formulation Tool is a way of illustrating psychological difficulties, mapping out the relationships between six key elements: unprocessed traumatic experiences, triggers, intrusions, negative beliefs, and symptoms, as well as resilience. From the diagrammatic formulation, a narrative formulation can be developed. The case formulation tool can be shared with the client, used to guide treatment planning, in supervision, and in case consultations. The use of the tool is explained and its clinical applications demonstrated with case examples.
Perencanaan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Non-Struktural Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Comal Hilir, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Wibowo Yunus Aris , Ronggowulan Lintang , Arif Dian Adhetya , Afrizal Rikki , Anwar Yaskinul , Fathonah Ayu
Published: September 2019

Abstract: River flooding has become a serious disruption for community which lives in downstream area of a watershed. Comal Watershed is annually experience river flooding caused by Comal River. Therefore, it is necessary to proper mitigation planning. This study organized the arrangement of river flooding non-structural mitigation planning. Qualitative approach was used in this study; not to mention the research design utilzed literature study and field survey. Literature study was used for finding out the river flood events record and affected area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed. Meanwhile, field survey was conducted to overview the socio-cultural condition of the community which live in it. The results indicated that river flooding non-structural mitigation planning area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed consisted of spatial planning in harmony with landuse management of Comal Watershed, detection and prediction of the Comal River discharge conditions through recording and observing hydrometeorological data, management planning of riparian zone, Disaster literacy toward schools and community, community communication system improvement, local wisdom enhancement, evacuation route arrangement, early warning system utilization, disaster simulation and reforestation. Mitigation planning is not only the responsibility of the government, but requires awareness and cooperation from the community.
Preservation of Autogenic Processes and Allogenic Forcings in Set-Scale Aeolian Architecture I: Numerical Experiments
Authors: Swanson Travis , Mohrig David , Kocurek Gary , Cardenas Benjamin T. , Wolinsky Matthew A.
Published: September 2019

A reduced-complexity aeolian dune stratification model is developed and applied to explore the role of dune morphodynamics in the creation of synthetic sections of aeolian stratigraphy originating from three sets of environmental forcing: 1) steady wind transport capacity, 2) steady bed aggradation and variable wind transport capacity, and 3) steady wind transport capacity and bed aggradation. In each scenario, the forward motion of initial, highly disorganized dunes generates a significant record exclusively containing autogenic signals that arise from early dune growth, deformation, and merging. However, continued dune growth scours deeply, and shreds all records of early dunes. Afterward, dunes self-organize into quasi-stable groups. Forward motion of dune groups creates, truncates, and amalgamates sets and co-sets of cross-strata, quickly forming a second, significantly more robust stratigraphic record, which preserves a comingling of signals sourced from ongoing autogenic processes and each scenario's specific set of environmental forcings, the allogenic boundary conditions of the sand sea. Although the importance of self-organization on modeled aeolian stratification is clear in the few presented scenarios, self-organization may be throttled via variability in environmental forcings, as thoroughly documented in a companion paper (Cardenas et al., this issue). Therefore, additional work is warranted because this numerical experiment only begins to sample possible sets of environmental forcing, boundary conditions, and initial conditions, geomorphic responses, and consequential preservation possible in the presented surface-stratigraphic bedform modeling framework.
Electronic Preparatory Test for Mathematics Undergraduates: Implementation, Results and Correlations
Authors: Chongchitnan Siri
Published: September 2019

We present a study of the implementation of the Electronic Preparatory Test for beginning undergraduates reading mathematics at the University of Hull. The Test comprises two elements: diagnostic and self-learning. The diagnostic element identifies gaps in the background knowledge, whilst the self-learning element guides students through an upcoming material. The Test lends itself to an early identification of weak and strong students coming from a wide range of background, allowing follow-ups to be made on a topic-specific basis. The results from the Tests, collected over three years, correlate positively with end-of-year examination results. We show that such a Preparatory Test can be a better predictor of success in the first-year examination in comparison with university entry qualifications alone.
Using Incoming Data to Monitor Engagement and Inform Mathematics Support Interventions
Authors: Lignos Ioannis
Published: September 2019

Students who do not engage enough with their studies could place themselves at risk of underperforming or failing. Such a risk may be higher for students who are assessed in one or more mathematics modules and lack the appropriate background knowledge, or do not engage enough with related teaching activities. It has been shown for students who engage with mathematics support, there is a significant impact on student performance and progression in the relevant modules. Thus, improving the mechanisms of engagement with mathematics support should be a priority for any student success strategy.We discuss the monitoring of attendance and performance data of first-year engineering students, as it becomes available, in order to inform interventions which suit the observed student behaviour best. Specifically, the method described was used with first-year engineering students at the University of East London (UEL) during the 2017-8 academic year. We find that when monitoring processes are applied to an already tailored support package, they can often help maintain engagement levels, understand why some students do not engage, and prompt us to differentiate support further.
A statistical learning exercise based on a modified Rock-Paper-Scissors game
Authors: Bortot Paola , Coles Stuart
Published: September 2019

The standard version of the game Rock-Paper-Scissors is interesting in terms of game theory, but less so in terms of Statistics. However, we show that with a small rule change it can be made into an interactive exercise for degree-level students of Statistics that leads to a Bayesian change-point model, for which the Gibbs sampler provides an intuitive method of inference. First, students play the game to generate the data. Second, they are encouraged to formulate a model that reflects their experience from having played the game. And third, they participate in the development of a suitable MCMC algorithm to fit the model.
MSOR Connections 18(1) Table of Contents
Authors: Rowlett Peter
Published: September 2019

Table of Contents.
Technology Focus: Reservoir Performance (September 2019)
Authors: Livescu Silviu
Published: September 2019

Technology Focus

Since the last Reservoir Performance feature in September 2018, complex supply- and-demand challenges have continued to shape our technology and business-innovation models. Under significant pressure from several angles, operators around the world are focusing on lowering their production costs for both conventional and unconventional assets, while oilfield service companies are responding to customers’ cost-saving requests with incremental improvements in technology, supply chains, automation, and collaboration. While the current trends in machine learning and artificial intelligence certainly can help lower the production costs, future reservoir-performance improvements still will have to rely on reservoir characterization, surveillance, and optimization. The current quest for production-cost savings cannot continue without improvements in both operational efficiency and recovery factors.

In the past 12 months, 133 technical papers were presented at various conferences and meetings with a reservoir-performance focus and were reviewed for this feature, showcasing further advances in reservoir-performance monitoring, analysis, and optimization. For comparison, 157 and 160 technical papers were reviewed for the 2018 and 2017 features, respectively. Interestingly, this year, 39 papers had first authors from academia, 63 had first authors from operating companies, and 31 had first authors from oilfield service companies and consulting firms. For comparison, the review for the 2018 feature included 62 papers with first authors from academia, 70 with first authors from operating companies, and 25 with first authors from oilfield service companies and consulting firms.

The three primary papers selected and three alternative papers recommended as additional reading constitute a representative sample of the 133 papers reviewed for this feature. They are a geographically diverse mix of fundamental research, industrial research and development, and field-application studies, reporting the latest reservoir-performance advances.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 192881 Reservoir Health Indicators Driving Performance Through Data Analytics by Mohamed Al Marzouqi, ADNOC, et al.

SPE 193701 Satellite INSAR Technology for Caprock-Integrity Monitoring of Cyclic Steam Stimulation and Steamflooding Heavy-Oil Production in Kuwait by Zu Biao Ren, Kuwait Oil Company, et al.

SPE 195366 Permeability and Porosity Evolution of Organic-Rich Shales as a Result of Heating by Tae Wook Kim, Stanford University, et al.
Use of Advanced Process Control for Automating Conventional Oilfield Operations
Authors: Patel K. M. , Bakhurji A. S. , Salloum H. S. , Kim H. K. , Winarno M. B. , Mubarak S..
Published: September 2019

With the growth of Internet of Things technology and the industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0), digital information is becoming more integrated into our daily operations. Such a modality of operation allows all disciplines in an organization to collaboratively manage and operate their assets to achieve the maximum value of those assets. In this paper, we describe one of the initiatives under the company's digital transformation strategy. It is a simple yet innovative application of advanced process control (APC) that facilitates continuous optimization of the performance of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), not only to comply with the assigned production targets but also to automatically meet the operational constraints. The successful implementation of this technology on multiple oil wells in an onshore oil field has demonstrated significant power savings of 10 to 20%, and is expected to minimize premature failures and extend pump life.
Primary mouse hepatocyte isolation
Authors: Dieterich Inca , Rigby Michael , Puglielli Luigi
Published: September 2019

This protocol is intended to isolate primary hepatocytes from mus musculus (mouse) for the purposes of culturing primary hepatocytes. Hepatocytes can be used for approximately 5 days from the time of isolation, and cannot be frozen for future use. A single isolation from a single mouse, including time to prepare reagents, takes approximately 2 hours.
Barriers for teaching communication skills in Spanish Medical Schools: a qualitative study with academic leaders
Authors: Ruiz-Moral Roger , de Leonardo Cristina García , Pérez Alvaro Cerro , Martínez Fernando Caballero , Martín Diana Monge
Published: September 2019

Background In recent years, Spanish medical schools have been incorporating training in communication skills, although how this is being carried out has not yet been evaluated. Our objective was to identify the barriers faced when introducing and developing communication skills teaching in Spanish Medical Schools.Method 34 Medical Schoos (83%) were invited to participate in a previous study that explored factual aspects of teaching Communication Skills in these schools. The heads of this subject were contacted at each school and asked to respond to an open-ended question. Two researchers independently conducted a thematic analysis of the responses.Results We received responses from 30 Medical Schools, (85.7% of those contacted and 73% of all Medical Schools in Spain). Five main thematic areas were identified, each with different sub-areas: negative attitudes of teachers and academic leaders, type of organisation, structure and presence in the Communication Skills curriculum, negative attitudes of students, lack or absence of trained teachers and problems linked to teaching methods and necessary educational logistics.Conclusions The barriers identified represent a set of interrelated problems that could explain the way in which Communication Schools are being introduced and the level of priority that many of the Medical Schools give to these skills. The study also shows a wide range of potential ways to intervene to improve Communication Skills teaching and make it more effective in undergraduate medical studies.
Endgame of the smoking epidemic in high-income countries reflected in life expectancy sex differences: a populations-based study
Authors: Wensink Maarten , Álvarez Jesús-Adrián , Rizzi Silvia , Janssen Fanny , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune
Published: September 2019

Background

Of all lifestyle behaviours, smoking caused the most deaths in the last century. Because of the time lapse between the uptake of smoking and the mortality from smoking, male and female smoking epidemiology often follows a typical double wave pattern dubbed the ‘smoking epidemic’. How is this epidemic progressing, how does it affect male-female survival differences, and how does it act on a cohort-by-age basis?Methods

We examine changes in smoking-attributable mortality fractions as estimated by the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method by age group (ages 50-85) across birth cohorts 1870-1965, utilizing data from the WHO mortality database and the human mortality database. We compare these to changes in the sex differences in life expectancy at age 50 in three geographic regions that have progressed farthest into the smoking epidemic: high-income North America, Europe and Oceania.Results

We find that for older cohorts (~1910-1930) for most ages, smoking-attributable mortality has broadly been stable or declining for males while growing for females, contributing to a decline in the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy from around 4.5 years towards 2 years. Yet more recent cohorts (~1955-1965) show a precipitous decline in smoking mortality for all age groups available.Conclusions

In line with previous findings, the smoking epidemic contributed materially to the male-female survival gap and to the recent narrowing of that gap. In addition, the precipitous decline in smoking mortality in recent cohorts that we find suggests that the smoking epidemic in the three selected regions is ending or at least subsiding. Our results also give a glimpse of what low- and middle-income countries may expect in term of sex differences in smoking-attributable mortality and life expectancy. Our approach shows that a cohort-by-age analysis is helpful in tracking the smoking epidemic.
Analysis of partnerships for actions intra-sectoral and inter-sectors for health in areas of high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of São Paulo/Brazil: a mixed method study
Authors: Bezerra Patricia Melo , Guerriero Iara Coelho Zito
Published: September 2019

Context

Since poverty areas are socioeconomic complex and limiting environments, there is a need to develop intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral actions in the health territory in order to achieve the economic and social well-being of people and society. This research aims to understand the relationship between inter-sectorial and inter-sectoral actions for health and socio-environmental groupings of the most vulnerable health territories in the city of São Paulo, identify which are the most frequent partners of these actions and how professionals experience these partnerships in their daily lives.Method

We adopted the mixed sequential and explanatory method. In the first phase, an online form is applied and identifies the Basic Health Units (BHU) that take place as intersectoral actions with more partners. In the second phase, we explored how the professionals consider the characteristics of the territory where they act to seek partnerships and how they carry out the actions.Results

Analysis of quantitative data indicated that: a) More than 98% of BHUs conduct intra- and inter-sectoral partnerships and b) there is no relationship between the indices of the most vulnerable groupings and the presence of intra- and inter-sectoral actions with statistical significance p <0.05. The content analysis of literal transcriptions pointed out that: intra- and inter-sectoral practices developed in the health territories were driven by the needs of the treatment of diseases or by the precarious conditions of life of individual or collectivities. However, in order to assist different types of violence, health professionals avoid seeking partnerships, including with the Tutelary Council and the Center for Human Rights, as they fear they will suffer reprisals by those who cause this violence. There was consistency between quantitative and qualitative data, except for partnership with education, other BHUs, environment, and the Tutelary Council.Conclusion

The construction of personalized partnerships for individual and collective health, in order to cope with social inequalities; of chronic diseases and by phases of the life cycle involved in socioeconomic fragilities that generate more poverty is part of the job from BHU’s professionals.
Primary caregivers perceptions of the role of fathers in the provision of nutritional care in a resource constrained environment in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Brown Melissa Judith , Roman Nicolette
Published: September 2019

Background : The role of fathers has traditionally been defined as a breadwinner or provider, with men generally having lower levels of engagement in childcare tasks, especially with young children. The involvement of fathers has important consequences for child well-being, especially with regards to issues of diet/nutrition, exercise, play, and parenting behaviours. This paper seeks to explore the perceptions and limitations that primary caregivers have on fathers’ provision of care in a resource constrained community in South Africa.
Methods : Data was collected through in-depth face to face interviews, with a sample of 10 primary caregivers in a resource constrained community in Cape Town, South Africa.
Results : The findings reveal that there is a lack of involvement from fathers in the provision of nutritional care and that this affects mothers and grandmothers who then need to provide both the physical and emotional care to their children. These findings are based on the perspective of mothers and grandmothers and their perceived roles in the family.
Conclusion : The level of lack of financial involvement from fathers has dramatically affected the participating family’s food security due to only one member in the household earning below minimum wage. This has therefore meant that the dietary needs of the family are not being met with nutritional foods, but instead by high fat and high sugar content foods. The findings also highlighted that primary caregivers want to be taught about health and nutritional food choices for a limited budget.
Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among High School and Preparatory School Students in Yaedwha, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Ermed Birhan , Taddele Mekuanint , Temesgen Belsity , Tiruneh Tesfahun , Atnafu Natnael , Abebe Kelemu
Published: September 2019

Background: Sexual and reproductive health problems are among the main causes of death, disability, and disease among young people in the world particularly in Africa. Young adults represent one of the groups at highest risk for HIV infection. Safe sexual behavior remains the most effective protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for sexually active young adults.Objective: To assess the risk of sexual behaviors and associated factors among high school and preparatory school students in Yaedwha town, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design with qualitative support was conducted among high school and preparatory school students from March 18-22, 2019. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 435 students using Stratified sampling technique. Focus group discussions were used to supplement quantitative data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 :statistical software. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the association between explanatory variables and the outcome. Variables with P value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis and P-value < 0.05 and corresponding 95% CI of odds ratio were considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Analysis of information obtained from FGDs was done manually using themes. Results: The overall risk sexual behaviors among sexually active students in the last 12 months were 25.8%. The variables, peer pressure, alcohol use, living arrangement and educational level statistically significant with p values< 0.05 [AOR=2.540(1.59, 4.05)], [AOR= 2.87(1.56, 5.28))], [AOR=2.29(1.41, 3.69] and [AOR=1.68(1.02, 2.77)] respectively,Conclusion: Considerable number of students had practiced risk sexual behaviors. The associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among students were peer pressure, alcohol use, educational status, and current living conditions were the most influencing factors for risky sexual behaviors . So school-based reproductive health interventions are mandatory to prevent risky sexual behaviors, negotiate condom use, youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. Keywords: Risk Sexual Behaviors, Associated factors, Students, Yaedwha, Ethiopia.
Reconstruction and analysis of a carbon-core metabolic network for Dunaliella salina
Authors: Fachet Melanie , Witte Carina , Flassig Robert J , Rihko-Struckmann Liisa K. , McKie-Krisberg Zaid , Polle Juergen EW , Sundmacher Kai
Published: September 2019

Background
The green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates a high proportion of beta-carotene during abiotic stress conditions. To better understand the intracellular flux distribution leading to carotenoid accumulation, this work aimed at reconstructing a carbon core metabolic network for D. salina CCAP 19/18 based on the recently published.
Results
The reconstruction resulted in a network model with 221 reactions and 212 metabolites within three compartments: cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondrion. The network was implemented in the MATLAB toolbox CellNetAnalyzer and checked for feasibility. Furthermore, a flux balance analysis was carried out for different light and nutrient uptake rates. The comparison of the experimental knowledge with the model prediction revealed that the results of the stoichiometric network analysis are plausible and in good agreement with the observed behavior. Accordingly, our model provides an excellent new tool to interrogate and better understand the carbon core metabolism of D. salina.
Conclusions
The reconstructed metabolic network of D. salina presented in this work is able to predict the biological behavior under light and nutrient stress and will lead to an improved process understanding for the optimized production of high-value products in microalgae.
Bank crediting to the sector of non-financial corporations in Ukraine
Authors: Verheliuk Yuliia , Koverninska Yuliia , Korneev Vladimir , Kononets Alexey
Published: September 2019

The importance of studying the bank crediting (lending) to non-financial corporations in Ukraine is due to the recent increase in borrowing costs and a low credit supply from banks. This article defines certain parameters, which could help to allocate the limited credit recourses to meet current macroeconomic challenges. The main purpose of the article is to discuss and substantiate the choice of these parameters. The study is focused on the systematic approach and statistical methods to achieve the research goals.Quantitative parameters of bank lending to non-financial corporations were analyzed through the prism of macroeconomic indicators. In particular, the analysis was conducted on the following parameters of bank lending to non-financial corporations: share of bank loans to non-financial corporations in GDP, volume of loans by type of economic activity, sectoral shares of non-financial corporations in creating gross economic value added, interest rates on loans to non-financial corporations, etc.It is defined that the share of bank lending to non-financial corporations in GDP is currently low and gradually decreasing. The analysis of the volume of lending by types of economic activities, by the size of borrowers and the respective sectoral shares of non-financial corporations in creation of gross value added showed disproportionate distribution of credit resources by economic returns. The calculation and analysis of the localization and concentration coefficients allowed to identify current problems in crediting of Ukrainian businesses. The interest rates on loans to non-financial corporations remain high, which often makes bank credits inaccessible for them, especially considering the low level of profitability of Ukrainian enterprises.
O IBGE na produção do data_labe e o debate sobre dados no Brasil
Authors: Sacco Clara , Marques Juliana
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo discute a relevância do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e estatística para a o data_labe, laboratório de dados e narrativas localizado no Complexo da Maré, Rio de Janeiro. A partir do histórico de construção da organização e do debate em torno do cenário da produção de dados no Brasil e dos debates levantados pelo laboratório, é traçada uma reflexão acerca da relação entre os institutos de pesquisa, as organizações da sociedade civil e suas relações com o fortalecimento da democracia brasileira.
Utilização de dados censitários para a análise de população em áreas de risco
Authors: De Souza Daiane Batista , De Souza Pilar Amadeu , Ribeiro Júlia Vicente Martins , De Moraes Santana Rodrigo Amorim Souza , De Assis Dias Mariane Carvalho , Saito Silvia Midori , Alvalá Regina Célia dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Os desastres de origem hidrometeorológica, como deslizamentos e inundações e seus efeitos sobre a população em risco tornaram-se um assunto relevante. O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar as potencialidades da metodologia desenvolvida em parceria entre o IBGE e o CEMADEN, que delimitou novas áreas para associação de dados demográficos às áreas de risco, denominadas BATER (Base Territorial Estatística de Risco), cujos resultados foram publicados em 2018. A metodologia foi orientada pelo desafio de associar diferentes geometrias de representação, áreas de risco e dados espaciais do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Dos 872 municípios brasileiros monitorados, estima-se que 8.270.127 habitantes e 2.471.349 domicílios privados permanentemente ocupados estavam localizadas em áreas de risco. Por fim, considerou-se que a BATER junto com as pesquisas provenientes de dados do censo podem fornecer informações relevantes para análises intraurbanas sobre a população exposta ao risco de desastres no Brasil.
Reserva Ecológica do IBGE
Authors: Takahashi Frederico Scherr Caldeira , Ribeiro Mauro Cesar Lambert de Brito , Bergamini Leonardo Lima , Gouveia Alessandra Luiza , Danieli-Silva Aline , Pinheiro Mariza Alves de Macedo , Guimarães Luciano de Lima
Published: September 2019

Para o desenvolvimento sustentável é necessária ampla base de informações da biodiversidade e processos ecológicos para avaliar os benefícios das atividades humanas e seus custos ambientais. Criada em 1975, a Reserva Ecológica do IBGE é um centro de referência na produção de informações sobre o Cerrado, conciliando a conservação, pesquisa de ambientes preservados e experimentos sobre impactos com projetos de longa duração desenvolvidos em conjunto com parceiros de diversas instituições. Paralelamente, seu programa de pesquisas emprega amostragem ao longo do Cerrado avaliando padrões e descrevendo a biodiversidade regional. Para atender às novas demandas, a Reserva tem voltado seu manejo para novos objetivos de conservação, articulado a participação em redes de pesquisa e preparado ações de ensino e extensão.
O Herbário IBGE
Authors: Bergamini Leonardo Lima , Pinheiro Mariza Alves de Macedo , Resende Marina de Lourdes Fonseca , Guimarães Luciano de Lima , Góes Betânia Tarley Porto de Matos
Published: September 2019

Os desafios ambientais atuais demandam conhecimento científico sobre a biodiversidade para orientação de políticas públicas. Coleções biológicas são um repositório permanente e acessível e documentam uma vasta gama de dados valiosos, exercendo um papel central na produção desse conhecimento. Neste trabalho apresenta-se o Herbário IBGE, fundado em 1977 e localizado em Brasília. Seu acervo, com mais de 83.000 exsicatas e 3.549 amostras diversas, é bem representativo da flora do Cerrado. Atualmente cerca de 90% do acervo encontra-se digitalizado e acessível através da internet. Em suas 4 décadas, o Herbário IBGE tem participado dos esforços colaborativos para compreender, conservar e usar de modo sustentável a diversidade de plantas, participando de projetos regionais e nacionais que amparam políticas em diferentes níveis.
Paisagem Físico-Geográfica: Identificação e Classificação
Authors: Vicens Raul Sanchez , Rodriguez José Mateo , Cronemberger Felipe Mendes
Published: September 2019

Desde seu surgimento no século XIX, a Ciência da Paisagem acumula um vasto acervo teórico e metodológico, legado das contribuições de pesquisadores do mundo inteiro, o qual se reflete na atualidade em diversas posições filosóficas e interpretações científicas. Este artigo se propõe apresentar os fundamentos teóricos, conceituais, metodológicos e práticos que sustentam a paisagem físico-geográfica como categoria espacial de análise, desde uma abordagem sistêmica e dialética, para o planejamento ambiental.
Considerações sobre a organização do território e os processos de integração e articulação
Authors: Silva Mauricio Gonçalves e , O'Neill Maria Monica Vieira Caetano , Souza Mauro Sérgio Pinheiro dos Santos de
Published: September 2019

Este artigo aborda dois processos que são considerados estruturantes na organização do território: a integração e a articulação espacial. Tais processos são fruto de contextos, atores e agentes diversos, porém atuam no espaço de modo complementar, dando origem a recortes espaciais em diversas escalas. O processo de integração espacial é movido pelas relações densas, porém, não necessariamente diárias, entre as pessoas e gera espaços unificados. Já o processo de articulação é próprio das dimensões econômicas, social e de gestão que promovem a coesão espacial. Os centros urbanos são o locus preferencial que ajudam a impulsionar e materializar os dois processos, sendo que na integração são reforçados os aspectos de contiguidade espacial e na articulação os aspectos de relacionamento em rede. Entre 2008 e 2018 foram desenvolvidos estudos no IBGE voltados para apreensão de tais processos e identificação dos recortes espaciais resultantes. Os produtos gerados representam quadros de referência para divulgação de estatísticas levantadas pela Instituição e servem de suporte a inúmeros estudos e projetos governamentais, privados e acadêmicos.