bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Face Threatening-Acts In Indonesia Fourth Vice Presidential Candidate Election Debate (2024): Pragmatics Study
Authors: Putri Rezkian Syafira Hasya , Simatupang Ervina CM
Published: July 2024

The research investigates face-threatening acts (FTAs) in the fourth vice-presidential election debate in Indonesia, applying a pragmatic approach to analyze how strategies and acts used impact the candidates’ electability and credibility. This study also focused on the word choices during the debate that can be considered rude or put the other candidates in an uncomfortable situation and how this affects the flow of debate. Qualitative procedures including display data, quoting, and authentication were used in the data analysis process. By applying the politeness theory of Brown and Levinson, the study classifies and divides the FTAs into positive and negative faces. According to the study, the three candidates regularly use strategies meant to harm the public perceptions of their opponents in order to influence voter opinions and affect election results. The research offers insights into the purpose of communication tactics in political debates and their broader impact on political discourse and election outcomes by comprehending the dynamics of FTAs in this high-stakes environment.
Register in Reviewing Indonesian Food in Marina Tasha’s YouTube Vlog: Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Azzahra Salsabila Shafa , Simatupang Ervina CM
Published: July 2024

This research, titled "Register Reviewing Indonesian Food in Marina Tasha’s YouTube Vlog: A Sociolinguistic Study," aims to identify and classify the registers used in food reviews in Bandung, as well as analyze the variation of language and linguistic forms of these registers. The theories employed in this study are those of Martin Joos (1968) on language variation, and George Yule (2006) on linguistic forms. Additionally, the research utilizes a descriptive methodology. This research focuses on the analysis of registers used in food reviews presented in a popular YouTube vlog hosted by Marina Tasha. The study aims to (1) identify the various registers employed by the vlogger when reviewing Indonesian cuisine, and (2) examine how these registers differ in terms of linguistic forms and language variation. The primary data source for this descriptive qualitative research is the script and transcripts of selected food review segments from Marina Tasha's YouTube channel. The data for this study were collected from food review vlog video published on YouTube. The result is revealed 25 words that exhibited variations in language and linguistic forms within registers. The language variations found in the register words in food reviews are formal (5 words, 20%), consultative (6 words, 24%), casual (13 words, 52%), and intimate registers (1 word, 4%). The most dominat register in Indonesian Food in Marina Tasha Youtube is  casual.
The Influence of Ummi Method Using Mother Tongue Approach on Arabic Reading Skills
Authors: Winda Maghfira Yuliana  , Mia Nurmala  , Yayan Nurbayan
Published: July 2024

Students’ reading skills depend on their teacher and effective teaching methods are crucial, especially for Arabic language teachers. The Ummi method designed for learning to read the Quran is easy and enjoyable. The Ummi method can be applied to teaching reading in Arabic because the language used in the Quran is Arabic. The Ummi method has three mother tongue approaches: the Direct method, Repetition, and Affection. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design. The research population includes students from SMP Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Bandung, with purposive sampling techniques. Class VII-C is the experimental sample, while Class VII-D is the control sample. Data collection involved observation, interviews, pre-tests, and post-tests. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the effect of the Ummi method through the mother tongue approach, on the skills of reading Arabic texts. The hypothesis test result showed a significance value of 0.009<0.05, which rejects Ho and accepts Ha. The experimental class had a mean gain score of 23.4531, higher than the control class’s 13.9219. It was concluded that the Ummi method through the mother tongue approach, significantly improves Arabic reading skills.
Analisis Kemampuan Siswa Kelas VIII di SMPN 4 Koto Gasib dalam Pembelajaran Menciptakan Puisi
Authors: Saryetni Rahmia , Desi Sukenti
Published: July 2024

Salah satu cara untuk mengenalkan puisi kepada siswa adalah dengan mengajari mereka menulis puisi di kelas. Siswa diharapkan mampu mengartikulasikan ide, pemikiran, dan perasaannya dalam puisi dengan indah dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 8 Koto Gasib dalam pembelajaran menciptakan puisi. Metode penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah total sampling yang berjumlah 29 orang siswa kelas VIII1 di SMPN 4 Koto Gasib. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi hasil karya siswa dan observasi. Instrument penelitian adalah rubrik keterampilan menulis puisi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif terkait unsur puisi tema, majas, diksi, dan tipografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan siswa dalam menciptakan puisi adalah 70,6 dengan kategori baik, dengan rata-rata unsur tema 68,8% kategori cukup, unsur majas dengan kategori 69,7% dengan kategori cukup, unsur diksi dengan rata-rata 68,0% kategori cukup, dan unsur tipografi dengan rata-rata 75,9% kategori baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa sudah mampu menulis puisi sesuai dengan standar
A literature review of current surgical treatment for congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Sananta Panji - , Nasution Ade Yahya , Fuzianingsih Eka Noviya
Published: July 2024

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is an infrequently observed condition. However, it is considered to be one of the most complex ailments in the field of pediatric orthopedics. In cases where a tibial fracture is absent, the conventional treatment approach involves using bracing as a preventive measure against fractures. Various surgical modalities have been proposed for the management of CPT, including intramedullary (IM) rod fixation, external fixators, on-lay grafts, cancellous grafts, periosteal grafts, Paley cross-union, amputation, vascularized fibula grafts, and induced membrane techniques. These modalities can be used in different combinations and permutations. The need for repetitive surgical interventions due to unsuccessful therapeutic outcomes or modifications in secondary treatments can significantly disrupt the childhood experience, resulting in prolonged and recurrent functional limitations. In certain instances, amputation may be required as a primary or secondary treatment modality. This literature review will clarify the current surgical interventions for CPT disease based on a summary of research data. The surgery the patient receives significantly impacts their general health and capacity to heal.
Acute kidney injury induced by beta-lactam antibiotics in children: A scoping review
Authors: Tania Astalitha Lorel , Alya Ayu Tazkia
Published: July 2024

Antibiotics are the agents that cause Acute Kidney Injuries (AKI) in children. A recent study has shown the incidence of nephrotoxicity by antibiotics reaches 16% in children. Beta-lactam types are not widely known for their nephrotoxic effect. This study aims to examine beta-lactam antibiotics' role in inducing children's renal failure. This search for a scoping review on the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics in children was carried out in December-January 2022-2023. We used some search engines with the year of publication 2012-2022 then extracted. The keyword combinations used are: “beta-lactams” OR “β-lactams” AND “acute renal failure” OR “acute renal injury” OR “nephrotoxic” OR “nephrotoxicity” AND “children” OR “pediatric” OR “neonate” NOT “adult”. Studies were excluded if the: (i) adult; (ii) were a review, systematic review, or meta-analysis; (iii) written in a language other than English; (iv) not available in full text; (v) have kidney disease before (vi) in vitro or in vivo. The article selection process was based on PRISMA-ScR. From 4032 articles that met the search criteria, 3 studies met the inclusion criteria. The result shows that beta-lactam increases the risk of acute renal injury in children. This review emphasizes the importance of choosing kidney-safe antibiotics for children.
The effect of using the smartphone blue light filter feature on tear production
Authors: Ikliluddin Ahmad , Rahmat Saputra Adey
Published: July 2024

Smartphones today have been used to support human activities. It makes the human eye always exposed to smartphone screens that use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit light with a blue electromagnetic spectrum known as blue light. The effect of blue light on human eyes is still being studied. This study aims to determine the effect of using smartphone blue light filter features on tear production. This was a quasi-experimental, pre-post study, involving 40 samples who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to use a smartphone within 1 week without activating a blue light filter. After this, tear production was measured using the Schirmer test under topical anesthesia. Then, subjects were asked to use a smartphone again within 1 week by activating the blue light filter and being measured again using the Schirmer test under topical anesthesia. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 25 software. There was a statistically significant (sig=0.000) difference in Schirmer test values before and after the usage of smartphone blue light filters. Each increase in the duration of smartphone usage for one minute will decrease Schirmer test results by 0.000625 mm, and so will the multiplication. The duration of smartphone usage has a 21.6% contribution of influence on the results of the Schirmer test. In conclusion, there is an effect of using the blue light filter feature on tear production between the use of a smartphone without activating the blue light filter with the use of a smartphone that activates the blue light filter feature.
The effect of the mind mapping learning model on the creative thinking ability of elementary students in learning mathematics
Authors: Ulfah Siti Maria , Pahmi Samsul , Hopeman Teofilus Ardian , Vladimirovna Kornienko Elena
Published: July 2024

The primary objective of this study was to explore how the Mind Mapping instructional approach influences the creative thinking abilities of fourth-grade students in mathematics. This research utilized a quantitative method employing a quasi-experimental design involving two distinct groups: one serving as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The study was conducted at SDN Karadenan, with a sample of 24 fourth-grade students participating in the experimental group and 29 students from SDN Paledang in the control group, selected through purposive sampling. The main focus was to assess the impact of the Mind Mapping approach on students' creative thinking skills in mathematics. Data was collected using the t-test method. The mean difference between the two groups was 4.89 (experimental group = 66.70 and control group = 52.65), indicating that the Mind Mapping approach was more effective compared to traditional lecture methods, question-answer sessions, and assignments. The findings were statistically significant (p = 0.000) based on Independent Sample T-Test analysis. As the significance level (0.000) was less than 0.05, the null hypothesis was rejected, confirming that the Mind Mapping approach significantly enhances creative thinking skills in mathematics among students. Thus, it can be concluded that the Mind Mapping instructional model has a substantial positive impact on students' creative thinking abilities in the context of mathematics.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Architecture
Authors: Atabeyoğlu Ömer , Bilge Gülşah
Published: July 2024

Architectural styles are dynamic phenomena in which different walks of life work together to find common ground. Trends, directions, innovations or the waning interest in old styles have led to the emergence of new styles over time. In this way, relationships between culture, influences, region, and time could be established after considering them chronologically and regionally. In this research, the transformations and changes of architectural movements over time and space were examined. In addition, influential historical events are given in relation to the periods in which the movements emerged in order to form an idea. In order to do this, 76 major architectural styles, 4 urban planning principles that influence architecture, 2 philosophical approaches in architectural theory, and 4 significant architectural practices in the world were brought together, listed chronologically, and the geographical locations where they emerged and developed were evaluated. For this reason, architectural movements were examined on the basis of design patterns, locations and time period. However, it was intended to draw attention to important historical events in the periods when architectural movements emerged. In addition, scenarios for possible future architectural styles were created.
Keywords: Architectural styles, architectural characteristics, architectural development, trend.
Re-Assessing Hagia Sophia and Istanbul Land Walls through the Lens of Cultural Landscape Concept
Authors: Acar Elif , Gündoğdu Saadet
Published: July 2024

Istanbul Historic Peninsula hosts diverse cultural heritage values that represent overlapping cultural layers lasting from the Ancient Greek city of Byzantion to the present city. This study examines the contribution of cultural landscape and historic urban landscape approaches to the conservation of heritage values in the Istanbul Historic Peninsula. Two of four UNESCO World Heritage sites, Hagia Sophia and Istanbul Land Walls are selected as case studies that are the architectural and urban scale components of the city’s image. This study aims to attribute to the world heritage sites of Hagia Sophia and Land Walls, which face the risk of loss of authenticity, integrity and outstanding universal value, the concept of cultural landscape, which enables the holistic and sustainable protection of the values and components of these sites. This study reveals the changing and continuing values of which are overlapped on a monument and a site.
A filosofia para se viver na terra em One Piece
Authors: Gonçalves Laís
Published: July 2024

Ayn Rand, filósofa e romancista americana, idealizou o Objetivismo que, em suas palavras, é uma filosofia para se viver na Terra. Sua filosofia tem como base o individualismo, o capitalismo e o egoísmo, tendo como realidade única e objetiva independente de conceitos subjetivos, como sentimentos e desejos. One Piece, uma obra japonesa, não apresenta nenhuma relação explícita com conceitos ideológicos e filosóficos. No entanto, o anime pode ser facilmente associado a conceitos existentes na filosofia objetivista.  
Nesse sentido, a interpretaçãode valores, o individualismo, a busca pela própria felicidade e o egoísmo esão presentes durante um momento de lazer, ao assistir a obra de One Piece, e que representa a filosofia de Rand mesmo após anos de sua idealização. Portanto, acompanhar a jornada repleta de momentos de companheirismo, determinação, liberdade e reflexões sobre a humanidade em uma narrativa fictícia mesclada com os conhecimentos provenientes de Ayn Rand.
Effects of modified intake surface to gasoline engine performance with the use of LPG
Authors: Ilminnafik Nasrul , Triono Agus , Ali Reynaldi Akbar , Mahmud Rizal , Prasetiyo Dani Hari Tunggal
Published: July 2024

Indonesia observes a yearly rise in motor vehicle possession. Failure to consider alternate fuels in these trends may result in the depletion of gasoline. Out of the potential alternatives, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) appears to be the most favorable. The sole issue lies in the elevated engine temperature and subsequent decrease in performance caused by its utilization. To address this vulnerability, it is advisable to employ a cooling injection method, such as water injection. Nevertheless, the rise in exhaust emissions linked to water injection highlights the necessity for optimization. This study aims to optimize coolant injection systems by conducting experiments with different modifications, such as conventional intake surfaces, dimple intake surfaces with gaps, and dimple intake surfaces without gaps. The gapless dimple inlet surface demonstrates superior performance in terms of exhaust emissions, power, and torque compared to both conventional inlet surfaces and slotted dimple inlet surfaces
Improving safety design for gas pipeline installation via horizontal directional drilling: a pipe stress analysis approach
Authors: Santoso Mochamad Yusuf , Khairiansyah Mades Darul , Hernasa Raya Fitrian
Published: July 2024

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) has today emerged as a significant and efficient Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) has today emerged as a significant and efficient technique for installing pipelines for a variety of purposes, including the production of oil, natural gas, water, sewer, electrical, and telecommunications. Due to the complexity of the technology and the intricate interplay of numerous processes, the safety risks associated with process uncertainty are substantial. However, risk analysis for HDD projects is generally done using qualitative methods. One of the most common factors used for HDD risk assessment is Pipe Stress Analysis (PSA). In this article, a combination of material evaluation and PSA for HDD safety design is suggested to improve the risk analysis. The evaluation will commence with an assessment of the material, followed by an examination of the wall thickness. Subsequently, an analysis of HDD design and pipe stress will be conducted. Using 10-inch API 5L Gr. B pipe, the safety design was successfully tested for a gas pipe project. When using HDD, a natural bend value of no less than 415.3 meters must have a horizontal length of 168 meters. According to the curvature, the length of the entire pipe is 169.03 meters. The combined installation stress was less than 1, while the combined operation stress was 114.87 MPa. These two values met the criteria specified in the standard. Overall, those steps were able to ensure that the HDD installation design is safe for construction.
Clove oil additives in vegetable oil: an assessment of fuel properties
Authors: Gamayel Adhes
Published: July 2024

Vegetable oil, obtained from plants such as coconut or Jatropha curcas, serves as a valuable renewable energy source. Nonetheless, it presents certain limitations in comparison to diesel fuels, namely, low volatility and high viscosity. One straightforward approach to overcome these limitations is the addition of high-volatility oil and low-viscosity oil. In this study, we incorporated 10% clove oil into coconut oil and Jatropha curcas oil. Fuel properties, including density, viscosity, flash point, and heating value, were measured in accordance with international standards. Additionally, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) testing was performed to detect decomposition during the heating process. The findings indicated that the addition of clove oil increases density (from 0.922 g/ml to 0.934 g/ml), while other properties decrease, such as viscosity (from 30.12 cst to 27.7 cst), flash point (from 286°C to 182°C), and heating value (from 37.1 MJ/kg to 35.8 MJ/kg). TGA demonstrated that the inclusion of clove oil resulted in increased decomposition within the temperature range of 200°C–400°C, suggesting that clove oil falls into the category of medium-volatile oils. Although the addition of clove oil were able to modify the fuel properties of vegetable oil, it did not align with the characteristics of conventional diesel fuel and necessitates further modification for practical implementation
Effect of rotation on achieving constant voltage in three-phase self-excited induction generator for small scale wind turbines application
Authors: Syuhada Ahmad , Syuhada Ahmad , Tarmizi Tarmizi , Akhyar Akhyar
Published: July 2024

Three-phase Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs) are commonly employed for electricity generation in remote or isolated areas. SEIGs are preferred in such regions due to their ability to create a magnetic field by adding a capacitor to one of their terminals. Nevertheless, a significant challenge in utilizing SEIGs is maintaining a consistent output voltage in the presence of load fluctuations. This study aims to investigate the impact of generator rotation on the SEIG's output voltage and determine the optimal rotation speed required for achieving a stable output voltage. Ensuring stable voltage regulation is crucial to guarantee the proper functioning of all loads connected to the SEIG. Furthermore, operating the SEIG in parallel with other generators is advantageous. The methodology employed in this study involves varying the load supplied by the SEIG at different capacitor values. Unwanted voltage variations occur due to load fluctuations within a generating system or SEIG. Adjustments to the generator's rotation speed are made to uphold a uniform voltage level. The variables considered in this study include the generator's rotation speed, capacitor size, and load fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate that the SEIG's output voltage is affected by the generator's rotation speed, and maintaining a consistent voltage necessitates appropriate adjustments to capacitor values and generator speed. This research enhances understanding of SEIG characteristics and offers guidance on effective settings for maintaining a stable output voltage at various generator rotation speeds. Future research can focus on practically implementing these findings to enhance the performance of SEIGs in real-world applications
The Karakalpak statehood of the 1920s –1930s: the historiography of the problem
Authors: Djumashev Askar
Published: July 2024

In this article, the author attempted to search for the scientific methods regarding the historiography of the formation of the Karakalpak statehood in the 1920s - 1930s. The form and content of historical and historiographic published works are revealed in the research: theses, articles, the monographs of the researchers of Karakalpakstan of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. When writing the article, the main method was the method of historicism, which allowed to reveal the dynamics and transformation of the Karakalpakstan historical science in the context of socialist construction in Central Asia. The key concepts of the Karakalpakstan historiography have been systematized. Based on the analysis of available literature and archival data on this issue, the author revealed the historical events that took place in the Karakalpakstan political space.
Chronicle of the Great Victory (1941–1945) June 22, 1941
Authors: Iskenderov Petr
Published: July 2024

“Voprosy Istorii” history journal presents documents within our Chronicle of the Great Victory (19411945). The current issue contains documents related to the situation on the Southwestern Front on June 22,1941. This is the operational summary No. 01 on the situation at 22:00. It was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Southwestern Front, Lieutenant General M.A. Purkaev and the head of the operational department of the Southwestern Front, Major General I.Kh. Bagramyan. The second document is an operational summary of the Air Force Headquarters on the situation in the area of responsibility of the Air Force Command. It was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Front Air Force, Colonel N.A. Tygrebert and the head of the operational department of the Front Air Force Headquarters, Major S.A. Vladimirov. The documents are contained in Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Effects of Personalization on Credit and Blame for AI-Generated Content: Evidence from Four Countries
Authors: Earp Brian D. , Mann Sebastian Porsdam , Liu Peng , Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez , Khan Maryam Ali , Chu Yueying , Savulescu Julian
Published: July 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) raises ethical questions concerning moral and legal responsibility—specifically, the attributions of credit and blame for AI-generated content. For example, if a human invests minimal skill or effort to produce a beneficial output with an AI tool, can the human still take credit? How does the answer change if the AI has been personalized (i.e., fine-tuned) on previous outputs produced (i.e., without AI assistance) by the same human? We conducted pre-registered experiments with representative samples (N = 1,802) from four countries (US, UK, China, and Singapore). We investigated laypeople’s attributions of credit and blame to human users for producing beneficial or harmful outputs with a standard large language model (LLM), a personalized LLM, and without AI assistance (control condition). Participants generally attributed more credit to human users of personalized versus standard LLMs for beneficial outputs, whereas LLM type did not significantly affect blame attributions for harmful outputs, with a partial exception among Chinese participants. In addition, UK participants attributed more blame for using any type of LLM versus no LLM. Practical, ethical, and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
An Environmental Scan of Australian Government and Health Organisation Messages on QR Code Check-in Compliance Behaviour in the COVID-19 Pandemic using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Mac Thi Nhung , Phipps Daniel J , Cassimatis Mandy , Hamilton Kyra
Published: July 2024

Compliance with COVID-19 preventive behaviours together with the urgency to contain the virus underscored the need for rapid yet effective public health massaging. While messages aimed to inform and protect the public, the evolving situation often precluded the use of theoretically-grounded and empirically-driven approaches. The aim of the current study was to analyse the presence and prevalence of belief-based constructs and strategies known to foster behaviour change embedded within Australian Government communications regarding QR code check-in and compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a guiding framework. Six belief codes and five behaviour change techniques were identified in 17 communication messages. Findings highlight the use of potentially effective strategies in the messages to change behaviour; for example, drawing on attitudinal and self-efficacy beliefs. Yet, results also identified gaps, such as a lack of strategies to highlight normative influences and build habits, that can inform future messaging and pandemic preparedness.
Nrf1 acts as a highly-conserved determinon for maintaining robust redox homeostasis in the eco-evo-devo process of life histories
Authors: Zhang Yiguo , Chen Xi , Wang Meng , Zhu Yuping , Shi Wei , Li Chao , Zhang Zhengwen , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Ao Ping
Published: July 2024

Differential and even opposing functions of two major antioxidant transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2, respectively) are determined by distinctions in their tempospatial positioning, topological repartitioning, proteolytic processing, and biochemical modification, as well as in their shared evolutionary origin. As a matter of fact, the allelopathic potentials of Nrf1 and Nrf2 (both resembling two entangled ‘Yin-Yang’ quanta that comply with a dialectic law of the unity of opposites) are fulfilled to coordinately control redox physiological homeostasis so as to be maintained within the presetting thresholds. By putative exponential curves of redox stress and intrinsic anti-redox capability, there is inferable to exist a set point at approaching zero with the ‘Golden Mean’ for the healthy survival (i.e., dubbed the ‘zero theory’). A bulk of the hitherto accumulating evidence demonstrates that the set point of redox homeostasis is dictated selectively by multi-hierarchical threshold settings, in which the living fossil-like Nrf1 acts as a robust indispensable determinon, whereas Nrf2 serves as a versatile chameleon-like master regulon, in governing the redox homeodynamic ranges. This is attributable to the facts that Nrf2 has exerted certain ‘double-edged sword’ effects on life process, whereas Nrf1 executes its essential physiobiological functions, along with unique pathophysiological phenotypes, by integrating its ‘three-in-one’ roles elicited as a specific triplet of direct sensor, transducer and effector within multi-hierarchical stress responsive signaling to redox metabolism and target gene reprogramming. Here, we also critically reviewed redox regulation of physio-pathological functions from the eco-evo-devo perspectives, through those coding rules (redox code, stress-coping code, and topogenetic code). The evolving concepts on stress and redox stress were also further revisited by scientific principles of physics and chemistry, apart from two novel concepts of ‘oncoprotists’ and ‘reverse central dogma’ being introduced in this interdisciplinary and synthetic review.
Taxonomic assignments for the 3.4 Ma to 1.1 Ma hominin postcanine teeth from the Usno Formation and the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Hlusko Leslea J. , Guy Franck , Modesto-Mata Mario , de Pinillos Marina Martínez , Brasil Marianne F. , Towle Ian , Thiebaut Arthur , Boisserie Jean-Renaud
Published: July 2024

Sediments of the Usno Formation and the Shungura Formation date from ca. 3.75 Ma to 1.09 Ma, during which time the genus Homo appeared, Australopithecus disappeared, and the eastern African robust hominins did both. We performed an in-depth analysis of size, shape, and morphology of 108 Omo permanent postcanine dental specimens. First, we compared linear dimensions against a comparative dataset of 809 teeth from 359 specimens representing 10 hominin taxa. We then developed a linear discriminant function to predict the most-likely taxon for the Omo specimens based on the crown dimensions. We also ran cluster analyses on morphological scores and 2-dimensional cusp areas from the Omo sample to test whether these statistical clusters align with the taxa predicted by the discriminant function analysis. We found that variation in morphological scores does not align well with the taxonomic groups predicted from linear data. Cluster analyses of mandibular molar cusp areas categorize robust and non-robust groups fairly well, but maxillary molar cusp areas do not. We conclude that only Au. afarensis is found in the earliest part of the stratigraphy (3.4 Ma). By 2.95 Ma, there are two hominin lineages, Paranthropus and a more dentally gracile group in which Au. afarensis and Homo are not distinguishable until higher in the stratigraphic sequence. Paranthropus increased in frequency from 2.27 Ma until 1.9 Ma. After this time, Homo is the dominant taxon. The geologically youngest evidence of Paranthropus occurs at 1.37 Ma, after which, only teeth attributable to Homo are observed.
Do modeling choices matter for the reliability of individual difference measures in conflict tasks?
Authors: Donzallaz Michelle C. , Boehm Udo , Heathcote Andrew , Donkin Chris , Matzke Dora , Haaf Julia M.
Published: July 2024

There is a growing realization that experimental tasks that produce reliable effects in group comparisons can simultaneously provide unreliable assess- ments of individual differences. Proposed solutions to this “reliability para- dox” range from collecting more test trials to modifying the tasks and/or the way in which effects are measured from these tasks. Here we systematically compare two proposed modeling solutions in a cognitive conflict task. Using the ratio of individual variability of the conflict effect (i.e., signal) and the trial-by-trial variation in the data (i.e., noise) obtained from Bayesian hier- archical modeling, we examine whether improving statistical modeling may improve the reliability of individual differences assessment in four Stroop datasets. The proposed improvements are 1) increasing the descriptive ad- equacy of the statistical models from which conflict effects are derived, and 2) using psychologically-motivated measures from cognitive models. Our results show that modeling choices do not have a consistent effect on the signal-to-noise ratio: the proposed solutions improved reliability in only one of the four datasets. We provide analytical and simulation-based approaches to compute the signal-to-noise ratio for a range of models of varying sophis- tication and discuss their potential to aid in developing and comparing new measurement solutions to the reliability paradox.
“No apology necessary”: Cognitive determinants of unaided automation trust decline and recovery
Authors: Ku Connie , McLaughlin Anne Collins , Pak Richard , Engle Randall W
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study examined how cognitive abilities – working memory (WM), attention control (AC), fluid intelligence (Gf) – were related to the dynamics of trust. Background: Prior research has highlighted the potential importance of individual difference factors such as working memory capacity on trust in automation (e.g., Rovira, Pak, McLaughlin, 2017). However, the specific dynamics of trust change and how it is influenced by cognitive abilities are unknown. Method: Participants completed a series of cognitive ability tests and a computer-based automation task. Trust was measured at three different time points. Results: WM and Gf significantly predicted trust recovery. Trust decline was unrelated to any ability. Conclusion: These findings further support the notion that trust in automation is related to cognitive abilities, and suggest that each cognitive ability influences the dynamics of trust differently. Application: Future automation designs should support cognitive abilities that are linked to the dynamics of trust, such as initial trust formation and trust recovery. Enhancing these specific cognitive processes related to trust enables users to calibrate their trust more accurately.
Consensus, cooperation, and collective intelligence in foraging societies
Authors: Venkataraman Vivek Vasi
Published: July 2024

Consensus-based collective decision-making is a common feature of political life in hunter-gatherer (forager) societies. In this paper, we ask why. Synthesizing evidence from anthropology and experimental social psychology, we argue that consensus-based decision-making is an adaptive design feature of groups for efficiently processing information and facilitating good judgments, thereby increasing collective intelligence. Consensus-based decision-making facilitates information flow in several ways: by encouraging high viewpoint diversity; by placing an emphasis on independent judgments; by encouraging leadership that is informal, temporary, and knowledge-based; by encouraging inclusive deliberative norms; and by aiding in the construction of a shared reality and meaning among group members. We further argue that consensual political behavior is part of a coordination game: deliberation preceding decisions serves as a form of pregame talk that refinesmutual expectations of effort and reward, signals cooperative intent, elicits cooperation, and refinescoordination, all of which is hypothesized to result in better group decisions (i.e. higher collective intelligence). We sketch an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of consensus-based decision-making, which likely prevailed as a modal political form during the Palaeolithic.
Identity Formation and Acculturation in Smith’s White Teeth and Adichie’s Americanah: Critiquing the Immigrants’ Generational Experiences
Authors: Niraula Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the relationship between identity formation and acculturation in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah by unpacking the behaviours and experiences of the first-generation immigrant characters Samad (White Teeth) and Ifemelu (Americanah), and the second-generation immigrant characters Millat (White Teeth) and Dike (Americanah). These two generations of immigrants represent two-fold aspects of acculturation process. For the first-generation immigrants, integration serves as a vital acculturation strategy. However, the second-generation immigrants experience an in-between condition because of their weaker ties to their home country and culture, coupled with the experiences of discrimination in their new cultural environment. To analyze these themes of acculturation within the novels, this study integrates John W. Berry's and David L. Sam's concepts of acculturation, acculturation strategies, and acculturation stress. Additionally, Stuart Hall's concept of cultural identity is borrowed to elucidate the notions of culture and identity within the narratives. Furthermore, Homi K. Bhabha’s notion of hybridity is employed to examine the in-between state of second-generation immigrants in the novels. By highlighting the connection between identity formation and acculturation in the novels, this study underscores the importance of understanding the complexities of identity formation and acculturation among immigrants across generations in diverse cultural contexts.
Demystifying the Saintly Image of Gandhi: A Rhetorical Reading of Orwell’s “Reflections on Gandhi”
Authors: Pandey Hem Lal , Upadhyay Toya Nath
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses George Orwell’s essay “Reflections on Gandhi” to explore how Orwell dwells on Gandhi’s contradictory character traits between his saintly ideals and the pragmatic needs of humanism. This paper argues that Orwell intends to justify Gandhi as a humanist politician by demystifying the saintly image crafted through his physical attributes, autobiographical narratives, and the mainstream political discourse. To discuss this issue, the present study has made a rhetorical reading of the text and relies on the method of textual analysis. The findings of the study suggest that Orwell strategically employs persuasive techniques, including timely arguments, authentic portrayal of positions, evidence-based logical reasoning, and stylistic patterns to convey his perspective of humanist Gandhi effectively. Finally, this paper contributes to have a deeper understanding of his critique of Gandhi's persona and the broader implications to the political discourse such as Gandhism.
Configuration of Man’s Position within Patriarchal Structure in Nepalese Society
Authors: Uprety M. D.
Published: July 2024

Patriarchy is a powerful philosophy and structure of male domination and supremacy. It is not new, nor is the recognition of women’s demoralized existence well-established patriarchal system and it embraces that there is an inferior position of women since historical period. Patriarchy is a social system in which men use, abuse, control, oppress and exploit women. The concept of patriarchy highlights the interconnection of different aspects of gender discrimination and women are often underprivileged in many areas of social existence. Theories and philosophies of patriarchy explore the division of interests between most men and women formed by the social system of gender perceptions, practices and relationships. Gender is a relationship of power and inequality and not merely of variation. There are various supplementary expressions that have extremely related meaning to patriarchy. These incorporate gender command, gender arrange, gender display and sex-gender formulation. They are comparable in pointing to the powerful interconnection of various sphere of influence of gender discrimination. Analyses of patriarchy differ as to whether men's position as head of the household and family or society or state entity is recognized as the key to their potentiality to rule and oppress, or whether the institutional features of men's supremacy are pictured and imagined. In this context, this study provides an analysis of the understanding and accepting of man's position within existing patriarchal structure in Nepalese societies inside the background of gender standpoints and different educational status. It also tries to explore the common judgments and ruling ideologies on patriarchy and its practices and social insights of gender relationships.
पाठको संयुक्तिगत अर्थ विश्लेषणको सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप {A theoretical framework for conjunctive meaning analysis of text}
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal दीपक प्रसाद Dipak Prasad
Published: July 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख भाषिक पाठको संयुक्ति व्यवस्था तथा पाठले ग्रहण गरेको विधा स्वरूप पहिचानको अधारमा केन्द्रित छ । भाषिक पाठ समाज सन्दर्भको आर्थी प्रतिबिम्बन हो । त्यसैले पाठमा आर्थको समन्वय हुनु अनिवार्य पक्ष हो । प्रस्तुत लेखको शीर्षक सोद्देश्य रूपले तयार गरिएको हो । लेख तयारीका क्रममा पुस्तकालय कार्य सामाग्रीको स्रोत हो । पाठभाषाविज्ञानमा भएका सैद्धान्तिक सामग्री यस लेखका प्राथमिक सामग्री हुन् । पाठको संरचना तथा त्यसका आन्तरिक व्यवस्थामा केन्द्रित भएर गरिएका अध्ययन यस लेखका निम्ति द्वितीयक सामाग्री हुन् । गुणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिमा आधारित भई प्रस्तुत लेख तयार गरिएको छ । कुनै पनि भाषिक पाठ सांस्कृतिक सन्दर्भको प्रतिबिम्बन हो । यस्तो प्रतिबिम्बन तयार गर्दा सङ्केतको सघनता अर्थात् ती सङ्केतले सन्दर्भित गरेको स्थितिगत मानको एकरूपतामा केन्द्रित हुनु पर्छ । त्यसैगरी सङ्केतको सघनताले प्रस्तुत गरेका समाज सन्दर्भका सूचक (क्षेत्र, सहभागी र माध्यम) का पारस्परिक आर्थी सहगुणको मेल हुनु पर्छ । कुनै पाठले विधा स्वरूप ग्रहण गर्न क्षेत्र, सहभागी र माध्यमका बिचको श्रेणीमानले एकाइगत वा समष्टिगत रूपमा भूमिका खेलेको हुन्छ । साहित्यका स्थापित विधा पनि समाज सन्दर्भका यिनै सूचकको सघन र पारस्परिकतामा आधारित हुन्छ ।
Perception of Graduate Students of Nepal towards Online Shopping
Authors: Poudel R.
Published: July 2024

The growing use of internet in Nepal provides a developing prospect for online shopping. This study focuses the variables or the factors on which graduate students keep in mind while shopping through online. This research deals with the perception of graduate students towards online shopping in Nepalese context. The theoretical model of this research was based on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and attitude of graduate students towards online shopping respectively. The theoretical model is also related to the online related lifestyle of graduate students. The study adopted the quantitative research design where data were collected through the distributed questionnaire. 300 samples of data were collected using electronic form (Google form). IBM SPSS (International Business Machine Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistics 24 was used for the analysis of collected data. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe and understand the feature specific data set where inferential statistics was employed to establish the relationship among the variables and to test the proposed hypothesis. The findings of the study showed that perception and attitude of graduate students towards online shopping is positive. There was also a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude. There was significant relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude. Likewise there was significant relationship between perceived risk and attitude towards online shopping. Finally, the study provides insight for online related businessman and investors for the further development of online business.
वैदिकसादित्ये विश्वशान्तिस्तथा सद्भावः
Authors: घिमिरे Ghimire गोविन्द Govinda
Published: July 2024

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Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Farmaceutyki – sport – przestępstwo” (13–14 kwietnia 2023 r.)
Authors: Bróżek Patrycja
Published: July 2024

The article is a report from the course of the National Scientific Conference “Pharmaceuticals – sports – crime” that took place at the Faculty of Law and Administration in Toruń on the 13th–14th of April 2023. The subject of the meeting was the issue of the broadly understood pharmaceutical crime and the abuse of substances that are not allowed in contemporary sports. The report characterizes the proceedings of the conference, including the presentations of speakers on the various aspects of it, such as: “Pharmaceuticals and sport – the voice of practitioners”, “Pharmaceuticals and sport – the problems of criminal law and criminology”, “Pharmaceuticals and sport – foreign experience”, “Doping in sport and standards of its combating”, “Doping in sport – practical aspects”.
Prawo do sądu właściwego na gruncie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a właściwość rzeczowa sądu rejonowego w Kodeksie postępowania karnego
Authors: Łukasik Korneliusz
Published: July 2024

W artykule autor omawia zagadnienie prawa do sądu właściwego w rozumieniu art. 45 ust. 1 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, a także zagadnienie właściwości rzeczowej sądu rejonowego według Kodeksu postępowania karnego. W związku z tym przybliża koncepcję prawa do sądu na gruncie art. 45 obowiązującej ustawy zasadniczej, zgodnie z którym „każdy ma prawo do sprawiedliwego i jawnego rozpatrzenia sprawy bez nieuzasadnionej zwłoki przez właściwy, niezależny, bezstronny i niezawisły sąd”. Następnie charakteryzuje kwestię sądu właściwego na gruncie ustawy zasadniczej, odwołując się do orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Porusza także zagadnienie właściwości rzeczowej sądu rejonowego na podstawie przepisów Kodeksu postępowania karnego.
„Umarli stanęli w moich oczach”. Wizualna widmowość w poezji Tadeusza Różewicza
Authors: Kowalik Bartosz
Published: July 2024

Autor artykułu podejmuje próbę analizy występującego w wielu wierszach Tadeusza Różewicza fenomenu, który polega na szczególnej relacji między widzeniem, obrazowością i wizualnością a pojawianiem się (czy powracaniem) umarłych. Zjawisko to jest interpretowane głównie w odniesieniu do widmontologii Jacques’a Derridy oraz Teorii widzenia Władysława Strzemińskiego i jego pojęcia powidoku. Punktem wyjścia analizy jest rekonstrukcja ambiwalentnego stanowiska Różewicza dotyczącego relacji obraz – poezja (jednoczesne podkreślanie przez poetę prymatu wizualności w jego wyobraźni oraz pragnienie odrzucenia estetycznego obrazu-metafory). Poprzez odczytania konkretnych utworów Różewicza (głównie Wiersza pisanego o świcie, Spojrzała w słońce, Światła cienia) autor artykułu dowodzi, że w analizowanej twórczości dochodzi do kontaminacji postrzegania i pamiętania, w którym teraźniejszość naznaczona jest widmowym, nieusuwalnym śladem przeszłości, a pamięć zapośredniczona przez wizualność. Wskazuje również na skomplikowaną relację między życiem i śmiercią (światłem i ciemnością), a także etyczne zorientowanie omawianego zjawiska, odnosząc je do Derridiańskiej widmowej etyczności.
Na pograniczu wiersza i czegoś jeszcze. O intermedialnej twórczości Marcina Mokrego
Authors: Cieślak-Sokołowski Tomasz
Published: July 2024

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie dotychczasowego stanu badań nad twórczością Marcina Mokrego i podejmuje wyzwanie przełamania klisz, etykiet krytycznoliterackich rozpoznań, które pojawiły się w recepcji tej poezji. Autor tekstu mierzy się z nazbyt pochopnym kojarzeniem koncepcji wierszy Mokrego z tradycją poezji konkretnej, a także obciążaniem tego artystycznego projektu rewolucyjnymi presjami, jakie zwykło się nakładać na literackie próby odnowienia awangardy w polu polskiej poezji najnowszej. Teksty Mokrego są czytane przez autora artykułu jako przykłady konsekwentnego podejmowania ważnej genealogii poetyckiej długiego wieku XX – tradycji poezji postlinearnej. Ten kontekst pozwala otwierać bliską lekturę kilku wierszy z trzech książek Marcina Mokrego (czytanie. Pisma, Świergot, żywe linie nowe usta) i jednocześnie zaakcentować projektowane przez poetę działanie tych utworów na stronie tomu poetyckiego. Mokry jest ostatecznie przedstawiany właśnie jako poeta „teatru strony”.