bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First insights into the quantitative genetic composition of the female seed yield for an efficient hybrid seed production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Hinterberger Valentin , Spiller Monika , Moittié Thierry , Gils Mario , Wolf Markus , Reif Jochen C. , Schulthess Albert W.
Published: January 2024

Hybrid breeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited by its self‐pollinating nature. Past cross‐pollination improvements mostly focused on optimizing male traits. We tested the hybrid seed yield of 100 diverse elite lines treated with a chemical hybridization agent (CHA) and pollinated by non‐sterilized male plants in multi‐environmental field trials. Plant height and phenological traits of female plants were also assessed. In parallel, control experiments without CHA sterilization were conducted to measure per se yield of the tested material. Hybrid seed yield variation is of quantitative genetic nature, and, despite the large environmental influence, this trait has a strong genotypic component and is highly heritable (h2 = .77). The lack of correlation between hybrid seed yield and per se yield suggests a non‐shared genetic control. Phenological traits and their interactions are important factors explaining together ~1/3 of hybrid seed yield variation. In contrast to plant height and flowering traits, which are influenced by major genetic factors, no significant marker–trait associations were found for the hybrid seed yield, thus suggesting a highly polygenic genetic architecture and the need of larger populations to investigate female hybrid seed yield.
Mindfulness induction and executive function after high‐intensity interval training with and without mindful recovery intervals
Authors: Khatri Rida A. , Baumgartner Nicholas W. , Noh Kyoungmin , Ullrich‐French Sarah , Schmitt Sara , Wang Chun‐Hao , Kao Shih‐Chun
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Determine the effect of incorporating mindfulness‐based activities into the recovery intervals of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on mindfulness induction and subsequent executive function performance.

Designs

A within‐subject crossover trial.

Methods

Forty adults participated in two experimental conditions, including a 30‐min bout of HIIT involving mindfulness recovery intervals (Mindful) and a 30‐min bout of HIIT without mindfulness recovery intervals (Non‐mindful), on two separate days in counterbalanced order. Before and after each condition, participants completed the flanker task, switch‐flanker task, and n‐back task to measure inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, respectively.

Results

A higher level of mindfulness state was observed following the Mindful condition than the Non‐mindful condition. Dispositional mindfulness was positively correlated with the level of the mindful state only during the Mindful condition but not the Non‐mindful condition. The switch‐flanker response accuracy was improved from the pretest to posttest during the Non‐mindful condition but remained unchanged over time during the Mindful condition. Time‐related improvements in the flanker and n‐back task outcomes were observed for both the Mindful and Non‐mindful conditions and did not differ between conditions.

Conclusion

Although incorporating mindfulness‐based activities during the recovery intervals of HIIT successfully led to greater state‐related mindfulness, such a heightened mindful state did not correspond with additional modulation in inhibitory control and working memory performance while attenuating HIIT‐related positive changes in task performance requiring cognitive flexibility.
Confronting Japan'sAnti‐AsianRacism: The Transformation of the Beheiren Movement's Identity during the Vietnam War
Authors: Matsuzawa Setsuko
Published: January 2024

This study explores the Beheiren movement (also known as The Citizens' Alliance for Peace in Vietnam), Japan's first transnational anti‐war movement (1965–1974). It focuses on the transcultural formation and transformation of its movement identity during the Vietnam war. Initially, movement participants developed an ethnoracial consciousness toward the Vietnamese based on their perceptions of a common victimization by U.S. imperialism. Yet, Beheiren leaders' transcultural interactions with both Korean detainees in the Omura Detention Facility in Japan and members of the Black Power movement in the United States helped them to develop an antiracist consciousness toward fellow Asians beyond the context of the Vietnam war. While their interactions with Korean detainees forced them to examine Japan's internal structural oppressions against fellow Asians (e.g., Korean residents in Japan) and fellow Japanese (e.g., the Okinawans), their interactions with the Black Power movement raised their awareness of antiracism and Third‐Worldism. These interactions were necessary to transforming the movement's identity, resulting in a confrontation with its own anti‐Asian racism in the local cultural context of Japanese society as well as in the form of economic imperialism in Asia.
Combining error models to reduce the imprecision of geometric length measurement in vector databases
Authors: Girres Jean‐François
Published: January 2024

Length measurements calculated from the geometry of vector geographic objects, called geometric measurements, are inherently imprecise. The imprecision of the measurements is due to the accumulation of causes of various origins, related to the production processes, and the rules of data representation. In order to reduce the overall imprecision of geometric length measurements, this article proposes to identify the causes of measurement error in the data, to model their respective impact, and finally to combine these different impacts. To do so, five causes of geometric measurement error have been modeled: map projection, terrain disregard, polygonal approximation of curves, digitizing error, and cartographic generalization. To estimate the overall measurement imprecision, three combination methods are proposed: selection of the maximum error, sum of the errors, and quadratic aggregation of the errors. An experiment conducted on a sample of roads represented at a medium scale demonstrates that quadratic error aggregation is the most effective combination method for reducing the imprecision of geometric length measurements.
Lack of RBC transfusion independence by Day 30 following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant strongly predicts inferior survival and high non‐relapse mortality in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Yuan Shan , Yang Dongyun , Nakamura Ryotaro , Al Malki Monzr M. , Salhotra Amandeep , Afkhami Michelle , Wang Shirong
Published: January 2024

Background

Studies have suggested that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with incomplete hematologic recovery undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) had inferior overall survival (OS).

Study Design and Methods

This single‐center, retrospective study of AML patients evaluated the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusion requirements during the first 30 days and long‐term outcomes after allo‐HSCT through multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 692 AML patients received peripheral blood stem cells (89.2%), marrow (5.6%), or umbilical cord (5.2%) from matched related (37.4%), unrelated (49.1%), or haploidentical (8.2%) donors in 2011–2017. Transfusion requirements during the first 30 days for RBC (89.5% transfused, median 3, range 1–18 units) or PLT (98.2% transfused, median 6, range 1–144 units) were variable. By Day 30, 56.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.8–60.3%) and 86.1% (95% CI: 83.2–88.5%) had achieved RBC and PLT transfusion independence, respectively.

Median follow‐up among survivors (n = 307) was 7.1 years (range: 2.7–11.8). Lack of RBC transfusion independence by Day 30 was strongly and independently associated with worse 5‐year OS (39.2% vs. 59.6%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, 95% CI: 1.49–2.25), leukemia‐free survival (35.8% vs. 55.5%, HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.43–2.14), and NRM (29.7% vs. 13.7%, HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.45–2.89) (p < .001). There was no difference in relapse rates among patients who achieved or did not achieve RBC (p = .34) or PLT (p = .64) transfusion independence.

Conclusion

Prolonged RBC dependence predicted worse survival and NRM rates, but not increased relapse. Posttransplant surveillance of such patients should be adjusted with more attention to non‐relapse complications.
Assessment of Storage Sizing for Solar Tower Plants Using Model-Predictive Control for Dispatch Planning
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Navid , Truong-Ba Huy , Picotti Giovanni , Cholette Michael E.
Published: January 2024

Solar tower with thermal energy storage (ST-TES) represents a promising technology for large-scale exploitation of solar irradiation for electricity generation. A ST-TES has the potential to extend electricity generation to more favorable conditions, such as high electricity prices. The size of TES, however, constrains the flexibility of dispatching, especially when there is significant uncertainty in forecasts of solar irradiation and electricity prices. This study explores the impact of TES size when the plant uses model-predictive control (MPC) for dispatch planning. The performance of MPC is benchmarked against one perfect knowledge (PK) and two day-ahead strategies. The optimal achievable profit for each TES size is determined using the PK strategy. An analysis is conducted to evaluate the relative profit losses for all the other simulated strategies compared to the PK strategy. A case study is conducted for a hypothetical 115 MWe ST-TES in South Australia. For January and August, 100 tests are performed for each dispatch policy, with the TES size varying from 6 to 14 h. The revenue evaluation is conducted with both fixed and wholesale spot prices. The analysis shows that MPC-aided dispatching enables the adoption of a smaller TES compared to day-ahead policies while maintaining the same expected profit. The resulting TES size reduction from 14 to 10 h translates into approximately up to $45.4 million in capital cost savings. The findings of this study can inform the ST-TES plant’s design procedures and facilitate negotiations for electricity sales contracts.
Effects of Hydrogen on Combustion in Ammonia–Diesel Dual Fuel Engine and Demonstration of Autothermal Catalyst to Reform Ammonia Into Hydrogen
Authors: Niki Yoichi , Hirata Koichi , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Shimizu Yuki
Published: January 2024

The authors conducted NH3 and diesel fuel dual fuel combustion experiments using both large and small single-cylinder diesel engines and investigated its combustibility and emission changes by adding H2. In addition, the small engine was operated by supplying reformed gas containing H2, which was produced using a device to reform NH3 into H2. Co-combustion of NH3 and diesel fuel with large and small single-cylinder engines showed similar trends in the change of emissions. In particular, N2O emissions tended to decrease when the NH3 energy fraction was higher in the cases of the large engine. The combustion-assisting effect of H2 was obtained when H2 was mixed into the charge air of NH3/diesel dual fuel mode with the large and small single-cylinder engines. The addition of H2 resulted in a reduction in unburned NH3 and a change in N2O emissions. Reduction in N2O emissions was achieved by increasing the amount of supply H2, particularly for the large engine. The small engine was operated by supplying reformed gas. This allowed unburned NH3 to drastically decrease. It was also found that N2O emission can be generated when NH3 remains in the reformed gas. The NH3 reforming system has achieved the target H2 flow rate, and the effectiveness of the proposed reforming system has been demonstrated. This research provided valuable insights for the design of an NH3 reforming system suitable for marine engines.
The Effects of Intake Throttling With Hot and Cold EGR in a CNG/Diesel Dual Fuel Engine
Authors: Tripathy Srinibas , Sarangi Asish Kumar , Patel Vimal Kumar , Sreedhara Sheshadri
Published: January 2024

Compressed natural gas (CNG)-diesel dual fuel engines produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter over conventional diesel engines. However, their major limitations are poor combustion stability at low and intermediate loads with high total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The limitations of poor combustion stability and high combustion by-products (THC and CO) emissions are exacerbated at high engine speeds. In this study, the authors attempt to reduce the THC and CO emissions at an intermediate load, corresponding to 6 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), at two engine speeds of 1500 rpm and 2800 rpm through intake throttling and using hot and cold exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) strategies in a CNG/diesel dual fuel engine. Experimental investigations are carried out at a 70% premixed ratio for the dual fuel engine. The results show that intake throttling has the potential to reduce THC and CO emissions by ∼37% and 15% at 1500 rpm and by ∼22% and 10% at 2800 rpm compared to the baseline dual fuel operation. However, NOx emissions increased as a trade-off. Further, implementing hot and cold EGR strategies to intake throttling, a significant reduction in NOx (∼72–78%) emission is observed, while THC and CO reductions are marginal at high speed. It is found that throttling the intake air in combination with hot EGR is more effective in reducing THC, CO and NOx emissions as compared to throttling with cold EGR strategy, while maintaining a similar power density as the baseline dual fuel engine.
Effect of Gas Composition on the Oxidation of Gas Component Emissions of a Dual-Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engine at Low Load Conditions
Authors: Ulishney Christopher , Dumitrescu Cosmin E.
Published: January 2024

This study investigated engine efficiency and emissions at low load dual-fuel diesel-natural gas (NG) engine operation, which has a higher sensitivity to NG composition. 40% of the diesel fuel energy was partially substituted with gas blends containing methane, ethane, and propane. NG was delivered inside the intake manifold by low-pressure gas injectors. Results showed that blends with ethane and propane reduced the net global warming potential by ∼5% compared to pure methane, at constant fuel energy content, with the reduction primarily linked to differences in exhaust hydrocarbon composition. No statistically significant impact on the brake mean effective pressure was found. The changes in gas composition created up to a 10% increase in carbon monoxide concentrations in the exhaust, as an earlier combustion phasing increased the fraction of premixed NG trapped in the combustion chamber’s crevices. Also, a 20% reduction in specific methane, ethane, and propane emissions was achieved for mixtures with 10% propane addition. Propane addition enhanced combustion efficiency and methane oxidation compared to ethane addition. The reduction of methane, ethane, and propane mass fraction in the exhaust correlated with their auto-ignition temperatures and laminar flame speeds, with ethane and propane oxidizing significantly better than methane. Finally, the results imply the emission composition of diesel-NG dual-fuel operation was more sensitive than engine power output to the change in NG fuel composition.
Spark Plasma Stretching and Flame Propagation via High Frequency Pulsed Current Management
Authors: Wang Linyan , Yu Xiao , Zheng Ming
Published: January 2024

The performance and advancement of ignition systems become more important than ever to further improve the fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of modern engines. The ignition processes of modern engines are often subjected to a fuel-lean or inert-gas-diluted mixture of considerably high density and strong air motion. Bulk gas movements in the vicinity of the spark gap, such as crossflows, can stretch the plasma channel across the spark gap, which enhances the total discharge energy compared with quiescent conditions. A higher discharge current has been proven to be an effective way to prolong the spark plasma stretching. However, high discharge current (boosted up to 3A) increases the power consumption of the ignition systems, affecting system durability and energy efficiency. Besides, the continuous high current cause rapid spark electrode erosion, which affects the durability of the spark plug. In this work, a novel high-frequency pulsed current management strategy is proposed to improve plasma stretching and energy release, while decreasing the total energy consumption of the ignition system. Within precise control of discharge duration, a high-frequency pulsed discharge strategy is achieved without interfering with the plasma stretching process. The characteristics of the plasma channel are recorded via both electrical and optical measurements.
Validation of a 1D Modeling Technique to Predict Performance of Turbocharged Engines Including a Double Scroll Turbine With Connection Valve
Authors: Avola Calogero , Suzuki Tetsu , May Ian , Tafreshi Ali , Tanigaki Michihiko , Williams Carnell , Briscoe Ken , Gray Bill , Trudeau Jon , Iosifidis Georgios , Durbiano Loic , Delavan Matt
Published: January 2024

In the engine exhaust manifold, pressure pulses from several cylinders can interfere with exhaust phases of two different cylinders taking place simultaneously. In four-cylinder engines, interference between exhaust pulses can be reduced by double scroll (DS) turbines. These can ensure pulse separation and improve performance at low engine speeds where the exhaust pulsing effect is more predominant. However, high speed power of the engine can be limited by the increased restriction caused by the DS turbine, in comparison to a single scroll solution. Therefore, IHI developed a regulated Scroll Connection Valve (SCV) to allow increased connection area between scrolls, reducing the restriction at high engine speeds.

Prediction of performance using 1D models can be challenging under open SCV conditions. The opening of the SCV simultaneously affects the connection between scrolls and the wastegate ratio, influencing turbine performance. This paper shows an approach to overcome the modeling challenges of DS turbines with SCV, using additional data retrieved from gasstand testing and 3D CFD simulations to update efficiency and discharge coefficient, respectively. The validation of the 1D model is performed on a four-cylinder gasoline engine from General Motors with an IHI turbocharger, equipped with a DS turbine and SCV. The model predicts performance at full load with a maximum error of 4% in BSFC at 2500rpm. No error was recorded by the model prediction during the time-to-torque at 1500rpm, showing correct prediction when SCV is kept fully closed. Finally, while keeping the valve fully open, base boost pressure was underpredicted by about 5%.
Investigation of the Laminar Burning Velocity and Exhaust Characteristics of Methane-Ammonia-Hydrogen Ternary Blends
Authors: Nasim Md Nayer , Nawaz Behlol , Das Shubhra Kanti , Landis Joshua , Shaalan Amr , Van Dam Noah , Trelles Juan Pablo , Assanis Dimitris , Mack J. Hunter
Published: January 2024

Even though usage of hydrogen (H2) in the energy sector has gained a considerable amount of traction over the last decade, its high flame speed restricts its feasibility as a drop-in replacement for existing fuels in applications such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines. In order to address some potential issues, ammonia (NH3) can be used in conjunction with hydrogen, as its slow reaction kinetics offset that of H2 without compromising decarbonization efforts. However, simply replacing natural gas (primarily methane, CH4) with hydrogen/ammonia blends is not trivial due to compatibility issues associated with bulk combustion characteristics. In this study, methane-ammonia-hydrogen ternary blends are comprehensively investigated in terms of laminar burning velocity, flame morphology, stability, and emissions in order to understand transitional regimes between fossil-based approaches and carbon-free alternatives. This work presents the analysis of the combustion properties of different ammonia/methane/hydrogen blends at varied equivalence ratios in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) coupled with Z-type schlieren visualization. The emissions from each experimental trial were analyzed using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy system for detailed speciation. Furthermore, a computational approach was implemented to validate the laminar burning velocity results using an established mechanism already tested for ternary blends.
Study of NOx Formation at Lean Conditions in a Prechamber-Ignited Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine
Authors: Nowlin Jacob , Patterson Mark , Jacobs Timothy J.
Published: January 2024

A computational fluid dynamics study of a large-bore, two-stroke, integral compressor engine is conducted. The engine under study operates on natural gas and uses a prechamber for ignition. The purpose of this work is to ascertain how property variations in the prechamber jet affect NOx formation in the main combustion chamber. Several testing suites were performed using a CFD model of a Cooper-Bessemer GMV four-cylinder engine. The chemical composition and temperature of the prechamber jet were manually modified for each simulation. NO emissions were found to be more sensitive to increases in the jet temperature than decreases in the jet temperature. NO2 emissions were largely insensitive to any jet temperature modification. Jet composition was modified to represent discrete prechamber fuel-air ratios. A non-monotonic relationship exists between jet composition and NOx formation. In general, the optimal balance among NOx, residual CH4, and CO was found for simulations using a prechamber equivalence ratio slightly rich of stoichiometric. NO tended to form relatively early in the cycle in areas surrounding the PCC jet. Later in the cycle, NO collected around the perimeter of the cylinder. The extended Zeldovich and N2O mechanisms were the highest contributors to NO formation. NO2 formed relatively late in the cycle in areas of high NO concentration.
Experimental Demonstration of a High-Power Density Electric Generator
Authors: Gore Matthew , Nonavinakere Vinod Kaushik , Fang Tiegang
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles (EV) are an increasingly common alternative to gasoline vehicles. However, most have significantly shorter drivable ranges than IC vehicles and require a long waiting period to recharge. Further, the lack of robust charging networks severely limits the viability of EVs in certain regions of any country. Range extenders have been proven to be one of the most attractive options to address EVs’ limited drivable range and range anxiety. Currently, the market for range extenders exists in two classes: a 50kW type, which can be heavy, bulky, and immovably fixed to the vehicle, or a 5kW type which can be too weak to provide any usable range to the EV in a reasonable amount of time. The goal of this work is to develop and showcase a high power density generator, which may be used as a range extender, constructed from commercially available components configured to be easily transportable while having the capacity to rapidly charge an EV battery. The device discussed in this work includes a two-stroke single-cylinder gasoline engine and a compact permanent magnet brushless dynamo as commonly found on hybrid vehicles that are capable of producing up to 15kW of power. The advantages of this combination include compactness, simplicity, lower weight, and lower thermal and mechanical loads. This paper discusses the design and experimental development of such a portable high-power-density power generator. The performance and emissions characteristic of the generator is investigated at varying loads and compared to currently available systems. During preliminary experiments, the power generator produced 8.8kW while having a dry weight of just 22kg. Future design recommendations for use of alternative/E-fuels are also explored.
Novel Approaches to Improve the Performance of a Single Cylinder Engine by Turbocharging, Supercharging and Turbo-Compounding – A Comparative Study
Authors: Jayaraman Ramkumar , Krishnasamy Anand , A. Ramesh
Published: January 2024

Designers find it extremely challenging to enhance the performance of single-cylinder engines. Since the exhaust flow is intermittent, single-cylinder engines available in the mass market are seldom turbocharged despite turbocharging being a staple technology in other multi-cylinder engines. Hence, almost one-third of the fuel energy is lost in the exhaust, reducing the performance of the single-cylinder engine. In the current work, the authors explore novel approaches to charge a single-cylinder diesel engine and extract power from the pulsated exhaust flow. Also, the authors compare the novel approaches. In the first approach, an exhaust plenum was employed to mitigate the exhaust flow pulsations to turbocharge the single-cylinder engine. In the second approach, a supercharger was employed to charge the engine and an impulse turbine was compounded to extract energy from the pulsated exhaust flow. One-dimensional simulation results indicated that turbocharging and supercharging with impulse turbine compounding significantly improved engine performance. With turbocharging, the brake power output from the engine increased by 26.3%, the airflow rate increased by 71%, and brake thermal efficiency increased by 1.5%. With supercharging and impulse turbine compounding, the brake power output increased by 41.8%, the airflow rate increased by 62%, and the brake thermal efficiency increased by 5.3%. Both novel approaches improved the performance of the single-cylinder engine significantly. The novel supercharging and impulse turbo-compounding approach provided superior results compared to the novel turbocharging approach. Thus, a comparative study of turbocharging, supercharging, and turbo-compounding was carried out and detailed in the present work.
48V High Power Hybrid Architecture for MHD Off-Road Applications
Authors: Yan Ziming , Peters Nathan , De Salis Rupert , Bunce Michael
Published: January 2024

The demand for decarbonization across all automotive industries is growing, and therefore improving fuel economy and reducing emissions have become top priorities in powertrain technology development. Although battery and fuel cell electric powertrains can be widely deployed to aid decarbonization in many sectors, medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) off-road applications present challenges that are difficult to address with these powertrain approaches. For example, off-road applications require high power ratings, low dwell/refuel times, and robustness to extreme environmental conditions. Additionally, the efficiency of traditional engine-based powertrains for these applications is limited due to the peak load requirement and highly transient operation. Hybridization for heavy-duty off-road powertrains is a viable de-carbonization pathway, replacing or supplementing engine operation with tailored electrification solutions that can also enable the use of low life-cycle carbon fuels that have problems covering the full operating map.

In this study, a novel high-power low-voltage (HPLV) hybrid architecture is employed for medium and heavy-duty off-road applications, featuring a downsized engine, an integrated electric motor, and an energy storage solution that utilizes ultracapacitors for high energy capacity and rapid energy discharge. A modeling approach is presented, as well as a system analysis that compares off-road vehicles with powertrains using internal combustion engines, high-voltage hybrid systems with batteries, and the low-voltage hybrid system investigated here. The analysis shows that, among all available electrification options for MHD off-road vehicles, the low-voltage system with ultracapacitors provides the best synergy with the ICE powertrain, both technologically and economically. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a 17% reduction in powertrain weight through engine downsizing and a payback period of 33 months compared to the conventional diesel powertrain vehicle. Additional simulation results with a real-world mission profile indicate a fuel economy improvement and greenhouse gas emissions reduction of up to 15.5%, and a decrease in criteria emissions of up to 15% are possible, illustrating the emissions benefits of the HPLV hybrid system.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased levels of acetic and propionic acid participate in glucocorticoid-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder
Authors: Zhang Qin , Guan Gaopeng , Liu Jie , Hu Wenmu , Jin Ping
Published: January 2024

The role of the gut microbiota in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder remains unclear. In our study, gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by an increased abundance of
Proteobacteria
/
Parasuttrerella
and a decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was observed in mice with GC-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. Some bacteria were shared in our previous study in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism and the mouse model used in the study. Furthermore, the depletion of the gut microbiota and fecal bacteria transplantation with control bacteria could alleviate GC-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. Plasma acetic acid, propionic acid, and GLP-1 and the mRNA expression of the GPR41 receptor and Pcsk1 in the colon were decreased significantly in mice with GC-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder, which indicated that the gut microbiota/SCFA/GPR41/GLP-1 axis may participate in GC-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. Our findings indicate that the gut microbiota may serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC-related metabolic disorders.
Supplemental Material: Link between glacial striation morphology and induced drag
Authors: Zoet Lucas , et al.
Published: January 2024

Document with images of all striation scans for reference and DEM 7 data.
Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Kaixu , Yue Guang , Gao Shuqiang , Li Fang , Ju Rong
Published: January 2024

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants.

Design

The study conducted a comprehensive analysis across three databases, namely EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central, to identify randomised controlled trials comparing NHFOV and NCPAP. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3 software.

Main outcomes measures

The primary outcomes of the study were the intubation or reintubation rate in the NHFOV and NCPAP groups. Additionally, secondary outcomes included the partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels and major complications associated with non-invasive respiratory support ventilation.

Results

Ten randomised controlled studies, involving 2031 preterm infants, were included in this meta-analysis. When compared with NCPAP, NHFOV demonstrated a significant reduction in the intubation or reintubation rate (p<0.01, relative risk=0.45, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.55), and there was no statistical difference in related complications.

Conclusion

In preterm infants, NHFOV appears to be an effective intervention for decreasing the intubation or reintubation rate compared with NCPAP, with no increase in associated complications.

Trial registration number

CRD42023403968.
MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications
Authors: Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D , Tilg Herbert
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect up to 38% of the global adult population. NAFLD is a multisystem disease where systemic insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunction play a pathogenic role in the development of NAFLD and its most relevant liver-related morbidities (cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and certain types of extrahepatic cancers. In 2023, three large multinational liver associations proposed that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) should replace the term NAFLD; the name chosen to replace non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an excellent concordance rate between NAFLD and MASLD definitions—that is, ~99% of individuals with NAFLD meet MASLD criteria. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the literature on (a) the recent epidemiological data on MASLD and the risk of developing CVD and malignant complications, (b) the underlying mechanisms by which MASLD (and factors strongly linked with MASLD) may increase the risk of these extrahepatic complications and (c) the diagnosis and assessment of CVD risk and potential treatments to reduce CVD risk in people with MASLD or MASH.
Flow diverter stents for endovascular treatment of aneurysms: a comparative study of efficacy and safety between FREDX and FRED
Authors: Guimaraens Leopoldo , Saldaña Jesus , Vivas Elio , Cifuentes Sebastián , Balaguer Ernest , Mon Dunia , Macias-Gómez Adrià , Ois Angel , Guisado-Alonso Daniel , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Jiménez-Balado Joan
Published: January 2024

Background

The FRED X flow diverter (FREDX), as the second generation in the FRED series, aims to improve the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. This study compares the efficacy and safety of FREDX with its predecessor, FRED.

Methods

This prospective registry included patients treated with FRED and FREDX devices. Efficacy was assessed using digital subtraction angiography with 3D volumetric reconstruction at immediate and 1 year follow-ups. Safety was evaluated by recording complications, analyzed through univariate contrasts, generalized mixed models, and Bayesian network analyses.

Results

We treated 287 patients with 385 aneurysms, with 77.9% receiving FRED and 22.1% FREDX. The median age was 55 years (IQR 47–65) and 78.4% were women. The FREDX group showed a higher prevalence of saccular-like aneurysms (70.6% vs 52.7%, P=0.012) and a higher rate of complete occlusion compared with FRED interventions (79.4% vs 59.3%, P=0.022). After adjusting for confounders, these differences represented a 3.04-fold increased likelihood (95% CI 1.44 to 6.41, P=0.003) of achieving complete occlusion at 1 year with FREDX interventions. Regarding safety, two (3.5%) complications (both non-symptomatic) were observed in the FREDX group and 23 (10.4%) in the FRED group (P=0.166). Bayesian network analysis suggested a trend towards fewer complications for FREDX, with a median reduction of 5.5% in the posterior distribution of the prevalence of complications compared with FRED interventions.

Conclusions

The FREDX device shows improved complete occlusion rates at 1 year compared with the FRED device while maintaining a favourable safety profile, indicating its potential advantage in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
NLP-enabled Recommendation of Hashtags for Covid based Tweets using Hybrid BERT-LSTM Model
Authors: Jain Kirti , Jindal Rajni
Published: January 2024

Hashtags have become a new trend to summarize the feelings, sentiments, emotions, swinging moods, food tastes and much more. It also represents various entities like places, families and friends. It is a way to search and categorize various stuff on social media sites. With the increase in the hashtagging, there is a need to automate it, leading to the term “Hashtag Recommendation”. Also, there are plenty of posts on social media sites which remain untagged. These untagged posts get filtered out while searching and categorizing the data using a label. Such posts do not make any contribution to any helpful insight and remain abandoned. But, if the user of such posts is recommended by labels according to his post, then he may choose one or more of them, thus making the posts labelled. For such cases Hashtag recommendation comes into the picture. Although much research work has been done on Hashtag Recommendation using traditional Deep Learning approaches, not much work has been done using NLP based Bert Embedding. In this paper, we have proposed a model, BELHASH, Bert Embedding based LSTM for Hashtag Recommendation. This task is considered as a Multilabel Classification task as the hashtags are one-hot encoded into multiple binary vectors of zeros and ones using MultiLabelBinarizer. This model has been evaluated on Covid 19 tweets. We have achieved 0.72 accuracy, 0.7 Precision, 0.66 Recall and 0.67 F1-Score. This is the first paper of hashtag recommendation to the best of our knowledge combining Bert embedding with LSTM model and achieving the state of the arts results.
Design with Simon's Inner and Outer Environments: Theoretical Foundations for Design Science Research Methods for Digital Science
Authors: Storey Veda C. , Baskerville Richard
Published: January 2024

Design science research has traditionally been applied to complex real-world problems to produce an artifact to address such problems. Although design science research efforts have been applied traditionally to business or related problems, there is a large set of problems in the area of digital science that also require important, digital artifacts. The digitalization of science has resulted in the need to develop essential, specialized, devices and software before it is feasible for scientists to carry out their work. This research examines digital science to identify its challenges and demonstrate how it can be possible to progress digital science with design science research, thereby establishing digital science as an important area of transdisciplinary inquiry. These areas of research are examined for their synergies and explained by positioning artifact development challenges with respect to Simon's inner and outer environments and the interface between them.
Linguistic Encounters: A Scholar's Journey
Authors: Keenan Edward L.
Published: January 2024

I sketch my zigzag path from premed biology major (1955) to PhD in linguistics (1969) to professor of linguistics at UCLA (1974–). This history may seem quaint in days of fieldwork by storyboards and Zoom. I describe encounters with language which pinballed me into linguistics: 1960–1962 as a student in Paris and summers as an interpreter with the US Department of State. Then mathematical logic (linguistics plus precision) at the University of Pennsylvania with John Corcoran; a year-plus in a peasant village in Madagascar; then 1970–1974 in England, as a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Then I land permanently at UCLA, with many working stays in Holland, Germany, and Israel.
Review—Potential of Tunneling Magnetoresistance Coupled to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Transducer for Biosensors-on-Chip
Authors: Wibowo Nur Aji , Kurniawan Candra , Kusumahastuti Dewi K. A. , Setiawan Andreas , Suharyadi Edi
Published: January 2024

Biosensors-on-chip (BoC), compact and affordable public diagnostic devices, are vital for preventing health crises caused by viral and bacterial mutations, climate change, and poor diets. Clinical, remote, and field use are possible with these devices. BoC is used in food safety, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis. The coupling of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensing elements in chip form with surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as a biomarker, known as TMR/ IONPs, allows BoC devices to be made. The functional framework of BoC based on TMR/ IONPs, the instrument system, and biomolecule immobilization will be covered in this review. This review aims to overview the recent research on a biosensor using TMR technology with IONPs biomarkers and discuss its future advances in point-of-care diagnostics. TMR sensors have revolutionized low-magnetic field sensing technologies, yet biosensing faces challenges. However, it’s important to recognize that TMR sensors exclusively utilize out-of-plane connections. that creates a larger separation between biomolecules and the sensing layer, leading to a decrease in the sensitivity of biomolecules. Large magnetization of dispersed IONPs to generate sufficient stray-field, compact and inexpensive instrumentation to sense the low voltage yielded by the TMR/IONPs system, and high-selectivity bio-analyte immobilization to the surface of IONPs to increase sensor sensitivity are the notable issues to address this problem. The utilization of the green synthesized method in producing IONPs for magnetic labeling can enhance the sensitivity of a TMR-based biosensor. This is achieved through the formation of IONPs with a capping agent on its surface that inhibits the aggregation and facilitates the immobilization of the biomolecule target. Additionally, improving device performance requires creating high-TMR materials. Despite challenges, research and technological advances hold great promise for TMR/GS-IONP bio-applications.
Innovative Solutions for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation via the New Iterative Method
Authors: Batiha Belal
Published: January 2024

This research paper presents a new iterative method (NIM) for obtaining the solution to the potential Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (PKP) equation. NIM is a promising approach to solving complex mathematical problems, and its effectiveness and efficiency are highlighted through its application to the PKP equation. The results obtained through the use of NIM are compared to the exact solutions of the PKP equation, and it is found that the NIM approach provides results that are in close agreement with the exact solutions. This demonstrates the utility and accuracy of NIM and makes it a valuable tool for solving similar mathematical problems in the future. Furthermore, the lack of discretization in the NIM approach makes it a more convenient method for solving the PKP equation compared to traditional approaches that require discretization. Overall, the findings of this research paper suggest that NIM is a highly effective and convenient method for obtaining approximate analytical solutions to complex mathematical problems, such as the 2+1-dimensional PKP equation.
Model Test Study of Rainfall Factors on Failure Process of Xiashu Loess Slope with Gravel Layer
Authors: Hu Yanran , Sun Shaorui , Sun Yuyong
Published: January 2024

Rainfall is an important factor affecting the stability of Xiashu loess slope, so it is particularly important to understand the infiltration law and induction process of rainfall in Xiashu loess slope. In this paper, a Xiashu loess slope model with a slope ratio of 1 : 1.2 is constructed in the model box. The rainfall infiltration law, vertical stress characteristics, pore‐water pressure characteristics, and deformation failure mode of the slope under two different rainfall types and four different rainfall degrees are analyzed. The instability and failure mechanism of Xiashu loess slope with gravel layer under different rainfall conditions is studied. The test results show that the influence of rainfall intensity factors on the gravel soil slope is mainly reflected in the degree of erosion of the slope. With the increase in rainfall frequency and intensity, the rainfall infiltration rate gradually increased, reached the highest value after standing, and then decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Rainfall has a great influence on the pore‐water pressure in the gravel soil slope, and the pore‐water pressure at the monitoring point of the slope toe changes the most. The vertical stress curve will change abruptly in the later stage of intermittent rainfall and during continuous rainfall.
Supplementary Data from The Chromatin Remodeler CHD4 Sustains Ewing Sarcoma Cell Survival by Controlling Global Chromatin Architecture
Authors: Graca Marques Joana , Pavlovic Blaz , Ngo Quy A. , Pedot Gloria , Roemmele Michaela , Volken Larissa , Kisele Samanta , Perbet Romain , Wachtel Marco , Schäfer Beat W.
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Tables 1-14
Table S3 from Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saggese Pasquale , Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Fung Eileen , Hall Abbie , Yanagawa Jane , Rodriguez Erika F. , Grogan Tristan R. , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Salvati Annamaria , Shirihai Orian S. , Weisz Alessandro , Dubinett Steven M. , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2024

Table S3
Data S2 from Erythroid Differentiation Enhances RNA Mis-Splicing in SF3B1-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Ring Sideroblasts
Authors: Moura Pedro L. , Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Hofman Isabel J. , Todisco Gabriele , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Björklund Ann-Charlotte , Creignou Maria , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Ziegenhain Christoph , Cabrerizo Granados David , Barbosa Indira , Walldin Gunilla , Jansson Monika , Ashley Neil , Mead Adam J. , Lundin Vanessa , Dimitriou Marios , Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Woll Petter S. , Ogawa Seishi , Sandberg Rickard , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Hellström-Lindberg Eva
Published: January 2024

Gene count matrix and experiment metadata for bulk RNAseq
Figure S3 from Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saggese Pasquale , Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Fung Eileen , Hall Abbie , Yanagawa Jane , Rodriguez Erika F. , Grogan Tristan R. , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Salvati Annamaria , Shirihai Orian S. , Weisz Alessandro , Dubinett Steven M. , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2024

Figure S3
Supplementary Table 2 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 2
Figure S6 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Figure S6
Figure S5 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Figure S5
Figure S3 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Figure S3
Supplementary Tables S5 from CircMMP2(6,7) Cooperates with β-Catenin and PRMT5 to Disrupt Bone Homeostasis and Promote Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Xu Yingru , Li Xincheng , Zhang Shuxia , Tang Miaoling , Yu Ruyuan , Liao Xinyi , Li Ziwen , Li Man , Chen Suwen , Qian Wanying , Song Libing , Ke Zunfu , Li Jun
Published: January 2024

Potential trans-regulatory factors were enriched on the S100A4 and LGALS3 promoter in
MDA-MB-231/circMMP2(6, 7) cells
Supplementary Tables S4 from CircMMP2(6,7) Cooperates with β-Catenin and PRMT5 to Disrupt Bone Homeostasis and Promote Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Xu Yingru , Li Xincheng , Zhang Shuxia , Tang Miaoling , Yu Ruyuan , Liao Xinyi , Li Ziwen , Li Man , Chen Suwen , Qian Wanying , Song Libing , Ke Zunfu , Li Jun
Published: January 2024

The original sequencing results of all differentially expressed circRNAs in SCP2 and MDA-MB-231 parental cells
Supplementary Table 4 from Small Cell Lung Cancer Plasticity Enables NFIB-Independent Metastasis
Authors: Ko Julie H. , Lambert Kyle E. , Bhattacharya Debadrita , Lee Myung Chang , Colón Caterina I. , Hauser Haley , Sage Julien
Published: January 2024

GSEA RNA-seq