bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Развитие криптовалюты в современной экономике Казахстана: факторы и показатели
Authors: Сатмурзаев A , Бердимурат A , Жадигерова О , Сапарбаева С , Ақынов Досымхан , Ахмадиев Р
Published: July 2024

Цель: Криптовалюта и ее значение для пользователей проживающих в Казахстане, развитие экономического, материального состояния держателей криптовалюты.
Методы: В исследовании применялся корреляционный - регрессионный анализ, анализ литературы, методы системного анализа, статистика за последние 5 лет.
Результаты: С введением блокчейна в современном мире появилась очередная перспектива заработка на криповалюте, для многих людей криптовалюта применительно как способ оплаты, обмена валюты или по-другому ее называют Digital currency. В 2018 году стремительный рост Bitcoin / Etherium стремительно повлиял на потребительский сектор, в основе зарубежные аналитики предпологали скорый крах криптовалюты, но прогноз не оправдался и сегодня Bitcoin / Etherium являются самыми высокодоходными и дорогостоящими активами в XXI веке.
Выводы: В статье рассматривается возможность текущего заработка с использованием крипта-валюты. К статье прилагаются статистические данные свидетельствующие об высоком потенциале криптовалюты за несколько лет. Рассмотрим устойчивые криптовалюты с безупречной репутацией которые на рынке уже более пяти лет. Несмотря и на небольшой процент людей в Казахстане которые действительно вкладываются в ценные бумаги, акции, дивиденды и.т.д, материал в данной статье сможет мотивировать большую группу людей для инвестирования в крипта-валюту. В данной статье также обсуждается как «принятие» крипта-валюты в Казахстане повлияет на текущую экономику. Как больший приток инвестиций скажется на благосостоянии народа, увеличении ВВП, повышением потребительского спроса, увеличением экономического блага. Несмотря на недостаточную группу людей инвестирующих в крипто-валюту, они так или иначе, сталкиваются, контактируют в современном мире, ощущают ее влияние по «отклику» мировой экономике, тем самым такое общество помогает перерасти в большую предпринимательскую структуру.
Influence of infrastructure institutions on the dynamics of agricultural production development in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhanseitov А.Т. , Saparova G.K. , Myrzhykbayeva A.B.
Published: July 2024

Object: to assess the impact of infrastructural institutions on the development of rural production, as well as to investigate the present results in agricultural production and its prospects.
Methods: the system-functional approach was used as a general method, as well as general scientific methods: abstract-logical, dialectical; methods of statistical analysis. Results and conclusions.
Findings: technology, infrastructure, and market strategies all play a role in fostering agricultural growth for the benefit of the broader population at all developmental phases. Insufficient infrastructure stands out as a significant barrier to the effective advancement of the agro-industrial sector. Investing public funds into infrastructure holds significance in establishing favorable conditions for financial markets to operate effectively in rural regions. Enhancing rural infrastructure also incentivizes commercial entities to extend favorable loan terms to farmers, as the associated risks diminish. Furthermore, a pivotal determinant of international competitiveness lies in the presence of sufficient and efficient national infrastructure.
Conclusions: enhancing national infrastructure can bolster international competitiveness through several avenues, including boosting price competitiveness, enhancing non-price competitiveness, and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI).
KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBANGUN IKLIM ORGANISASI SEKOLAH MELALUI NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL BATATULUNGAN
Authors: Rahmi Agustina , Madihah Husnul , Hariyanti Mawar , Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri , Rasuna Rasuna , Hariyadi Hariyadi
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal kepala sekolah SMKN 1 Binuang dalam membangun iklim organisasi sekolah melalui nilai kearifan lokal batatulungan, implementasi dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penghambat serta solusi yang ditawarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal kepala sekolah SMKN 1 Binuang yaitu dengan: membuka ruang diskusi, bersikap empati dan membentuk budaya tim. Sedangkan, implementasi keterampilan komuniasi interpersonal yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah  yaitu dengan: menciptakan komunikasi yang bersifat terbuka, melakukan identifikasi terhadap permasalahan, mengklasifikasian pendekatan, melakukan pendampinagan, mentoring dan memberikan umpan balik, memberikan nilai-nilai dan memberikan motivasi serta membuat kebijakan yang dapat menciptakan iklim organisasi yang mendukung Adapun, solusi yang dilakukan kepala sekolah apabila terdapat tantangan dan hambatan yaitu dengan berusaha memahami/ mendengarkan, melakukan penanganan secara sistematis/ bertahap, berupaya mencari solusi yang bersifat konstruktif, adil dan bijaksana, serta membuat iklim sekolah yang penuh dukungan dan penghargaan sebagai upaya preventif.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENDORONG KETERLIBATAN AKTIF ORANGTUA TERHADAP PRESTASI NON AKADEMIK SISWA
Authors: Rahmi Agustina , Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri , Ikawati Prisma , Said Said , Sabariah Sabariah , Eshariyani Eshariyani
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi strategi komunikasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah SDN 1 Syamsyuddin Noor dalam mendorong keterlibatan aktif orangtua terhadap prestasi non akademik siswa, implementasi dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penghambat serta solusi yang ditawarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah SDN 1 Syamsyuddin Noor yaitu dengan: komunikasi yang bersifat terbuka, menerima saran/ masukan, menyisipkan pesan dan motivasi kepada orangtua untuk mendukung prestasi non akademik siswa. Sedangkan, implementasi strategi komunikasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah SDN 1 Syamsyuddin Noor yaitu dengan: menyelenggarakan pertemuan sekolah dan orangtua, memfasilitasi komunikasi via virtual/ online, membentuk komite sekolah dan orangtua dan mengadakan acara ataupun pameran hasil karya siswa. Adapun, solusi yang dilakukan kepala sekolah apabila terdapat tantangan dan hambatan yaitu:  membangun komunikasi, mendorong orangtua memberikan masukan yang bersifat membangun, mengapresiasi dan memberikan penghargaan atas dukungan dan keterlibatan orangtua.
Small mammals near Janowiec nad Wisłą (middle-eastern Poland) on the basis of prey composition of the tawny owl Strix aluco and long-eared owl Asio otus.
Authors: Lesiński Grzegorz , Kasprzak Wojciech
Published: July 2024

At two sites near Janowiec nad Wisłą (middle-eastern Poland) the species composition of a small mammal community in the diet of the tawny owl Strix aluco and long-eared owl Asio otus has been examined. The bones of 128 mammals have been extracted from S. aluco pellets gathered in the years 2014-2015, whereas 401 mammals have been extracted from A. otus pellets collected in the years 2023-2024. Dominant species in the diet of S. aluco (the site bordering woodland) were Clethrionomys glareolus (31.3%), Apodemus agrarius (16.4%) and Apodemus flavicollis (12.5%), while in the case of A. otus (the site bordering open landscape) Microtus arvalis (55.1%) appeared most frequent. Altogether 16 species were recorded representing: Soricomorpha (4), Chiroptera (1), Rodentia (10) and Carnivora (1). Two bats caught as prey belonged to the species of Myotis nattereri, common in this part of Poland. Most interesting species were Crocidura leucodon, whose recorded sites are near its range limit, and Muscardinus avellanarius – the species infrequently recorded in central and eastern Poland.
MACHINE-CREATED CULTURE
Authors: Reinhard Andrew
Published: July 2024

Archaeology can be weird and fun, especially the digital kind. Readers of archaeology, media studies, and game studies are introduced to the wild-and-wooly side of digital archaeology: artifacts, sites, and landscapes contained within—and supporting—interactive digital built environments. Follow your guide, the reluctant digital archaeologist Charlie, to disappear into the weeds of post-landscapes, non-place cultural spaces, persistent digital spaces, software citizenship, machine-created culture, digital drift, technofossils, quantum archaeology, archaeological time, singularities, complexity and retrocausality, noise, and more. These bite-sized chapters offer new ways of interpreting humanity’s blossoming digitalia, an archaeology done at the source of creation, use, and abandonment of our electronic selves.
An Experimental Study to Assess Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Level of Depression among IT Employees in Selected IT Companies of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State
Authors: Sarvaiya Aarshravi
Published: July 2024

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of music therapy on the degree of depression experienced by IT workers in a subset of Ahmedabad, Gujarat state, IT organizations.Materials and Methods: Pre-experimental research methodology and a single group pre- and post-test study design were employed. It was conducted with 40 IT workers who met the inclusion requirements. The sampling strategy employed was non-probability purposive sampling. Beck’s Depression Inventory-II was the instrument used to gather data and determine the degree of depression experienced by a subset of IT workers from a subset of IT organizations. Using the test-retest approach, the reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II was calculated, and the result was 0.92.Analysis and Interpretation: The mean difference was found to be 5.0, with the mean pre-test score being 22.83 and the mean post-test score being 17.83. It demonstrates that there was a substantial difference between the mean pre-test and post-test scores. At the 0.05 level of significance, the tabulated “t” value is 1.685 and the computed “t” value is 19.949. There is a difference between the computed and tabulated “t” values. As a result, the research hypothesis was supported and the null hypothesis was rejected.Conclusion: The results showed that music therapy is useful in lowering IT workers’ depression levels.
Concussions in ice hockey: mixed methods study including assessment of concussions on games missed and cap hit among National Hockey League players, systematic review, and concussion protocol analysis
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A. , Goel Keshav , Chen Jia-Shu , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

Concussions can occur at any level of ice hockey. Incidence estimates of concussions in ice hockey vary, and optimal prevention strategies and return-to-play (RTP) considerations have remained in evolution. The authors performed a mixed-methods study with the aim of elucidating the landscape of concussion in ice hockey and catalyzing initiatives to standardize preventative mechanisms and RTP considerations.

METHODS

The authors performed a five-part mixed-methods study that includes: 1) an analysis of the impact of concussions on games missed and income for National Hockey League (NHL) players using a publicly available database, 2) a systematic review of the incidence of concussion in ice hockey, 3) a systematic review of preventative strategies, 4) a systematic review of RTP, and 5) a policy review of documents from major governing bodies related to concussions in sports with a focus on ice hockey. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were used for the systematic reviews and focused on any level of hockey.

RESULTS

In the NHL, 689 players had 1054 concussions from the 2000–2001 to 2022–2023 seasons. A concussion led to a mean of 13.77 ± 19.23 (range 1–82) games missed during the same season. After cap hit per game data became available in 2008–2009, players missed 10,024 games due to 668 concussions (mean 15.13 ± 3.81 per concussion, range 8.81–22.60 per concussion), with a cap hit per game missed of $35,880.85 ± $25,010.48 (range $5792.68–$134,146.30). The total cap hit of all missed games was $385,960,790.00, equating to $577,635.91 per concussion and $25,724,052.70 per NHL season. On systematic review, the incidence of concussions was 0.54–1.18 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Prevention mechanisms involved education, behavioral and cognitive interventions, protective equipment, biomechanical studies, and policy/rule changes. Rules prohibiting body checking in youth players were most effective. Determination of RTP was variable. Concussion protocols from both North American governing bodies and two leagues mandated that a player suspected of having a concussion be removed from play and undergo a six-step RTP strategy. The 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport recommended the use of mouthguards for children and adolescents and disallowing body checking for all children and most levels of adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS

Concussions in ice hockey lead to substantial missed time from play. The authors strongly encourage all hockey leagues to adopt and adhere to age-appropriate rules to limit hits to the head, increase compliance in wearing protective equipment, and utilize high-quality concussion protocols.
The influence of prior COVID-19 diagnosis on concussion recovery outcomes
Authors: Tracey Allie J. , Loftin Megan C. , Zynda Aaron J. , Pollard-McGrandy Alyssa M. , Klein Lilian A. , Covassin Tracey
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

While the clinical presentations of COVID-19 and concussion are not identical, there is a significant overlap in symptomology (e.g., fatigue, headache) and neurological deficits (e.g., cognitive, vestibular). However, limited research has examined the effect of prior COVID-19 diagnosis on concussion outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if prior diagnosis of COVID-19 influences concussion outcomes, including concussion assessment scores and recovery time, in college-aged individuals.

METHODS

A prospective study of college-aged individuals (COVID-19: n = 43, mean age 21.3 [SD 2.5] years; no COVID-19: n = 51, mean age 21.0 [SD 2.5] years) diagnosed with concussion was conducted. Demographics, injury details, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5), and the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) were completed at the acute (within 5 days after concussion) and full medical clearance (FMC) (within 3 days after FMC) visits. Mann-Whitney U-tests determined differences in concussion outcomes between groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to assess the relationship between factors associated with concussion symptom resolution and days to FMC, and covariates were selected based on previous literature indicating potential confounds (e.g., female sex, acute symptom severity, preexisting mental health conditions). Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported for each predictor variable.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found between groups for SCAT5 and VOMS composite and total scores. Significant differences were found between COVID-19 and no–COVID-19 groups in days to symptom resolution (11.5 days vs 8 days, p = 0.021), but not in days to FMC (14 days vs 12 days, p = 0.099). The association between COVID-19 groups and days to clearance was not significant when adjusting for sex, race, history of depression/anxiety, and total number of concussion symptoms at the acute visit [χ2(5) = 8.349, p = 0.138]. However, male sex (HR 2.036, 95% CI 1.033–4.014; p = 0.040) was associated with a quicker time to FMC.

CONCLUSIONS

Prior COVID-19 diagnosis did not influence cognitive abilities and vestibular/ocular functioning as measured by the SCAT5 and VOMS postconcussion. While prior COVID-19 diagnosis did result in a significantly longer duration to symptom resolution when compared with individuals who did not have a prior COVID-19 diagnosis, prior COVID-19 did not significantly influence time to FMC by a healthcare provider. Clinicians should consider that individuals with a prior diagnosis of COVID-19 might experience prolonged symptoms postconcussion.
Quantitative pupillometry as a biomarker for prediction of return to play in mild traumatic brain injury: a Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative study
Authors: Dengler Bradley A. , Meister Melissa , Aderman Michael , Malvasi Steven R. , Ross Jeremy D. , Fu Adele , Haight Thaddeus , Bartanusz Viktor , Boulter Jason H. , Rudolph Jackson , Cameron Kenneth L.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the validity of quantitative pupillometry to predict the length of time for return to full activity/duty after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in a cohort of injured cadets at West Point.

METHODS

Each subject received baseline (T0) quantitative pupillometry, in addition to evaluation with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition Symptom Survey (SCAT5). Repeat assessments using the same parameters were conducted within 48 hours of injury (T1), at the beginning of progressive return to activity (T2), and at the completion of progressive return to activity protocols (T3). Pupillary metrics were compared on the basis of length of time to return to full play/duty and the clinical scores.

RESULTS

The authors’ statistical analyses found correlations between pupillometry measures at T1, including end-initial diameter and maximum constriction velocity, with larger change and faster constriction predicting earlier return to play. There was also an association with maximum constriction velocity at baseline (T0), predicting faster return to play.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors conclude that that pupillometry may be a valuable tool for assessing time to return to duty from mTBI by providing a measure of baseline resiliency to mTBI and/or autonomic dysfunction in the acute phase after mTBI.
Motor vehicle collision characteristics and hospitalization outcomes associated with mild traumatic brain injury and concomitant whiplash injury
Authors: Vattipally Vikas N. , Weber-Levine Carly , Jiang Kelly , Bhimreddy Meghana , Kramer Patrick , Davidar A. Daniel , Hersh Andrew M. , Winkle Malcolm , Byrne James P. , Azad Tej D. , Theodore Nicholas
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

Few large studies have investigated the factors and outcomes related to concomitant injuries occurring alongside mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Thus, the objective of this study was to assess whether MVC characteristics predict which patients with mTBI will have concomitant whiplash injury, and whether concomitant whiplash injury affects care utilization for these patients.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 22,213 patients with mTBI after MVC identified from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs dataset. A hierarchical logistic regression model was constructed to investigate patient and MVC factors associated with concomitant whiplash injury. Propensity score matching on whiplash status, in conjunction with a multivariable logistic regression model, assessed if concomitant whiplash affected odds of hospitalization. In the subgroup of patients who were hospitalized, associations with hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition were investigated.

RESULTS

The median (IQR) age was 34 (24–51) years, with a median Glasgow Coma Scale score at presentation of 15 (15–15). Patients with concomitant whiplash were older (median 36 years vs 34 years, p = 0.03) and had higher rates of hospitalization (75% vs 64%, p < 0.001). In the hierarchical model for associations with concomitant whiplash injury, patients with blood alcohol content (BAC) greater than the federal driving limit had lower odds of concomitant whiplash (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.81) along with those who had airbag deployment (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.95), but seatbelt use was associated with greater odds (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.71). After matching, concomitant whiplash was independently associated with increased odds of hospitalization (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.40–1.99) while seatbelt use was associated with decreased odds (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95). Among hospitalized patients, concomitant whiplash was not associated with hospital LOS or discharge disposition.

CONCLUSIONS

MVC characteristics such as alcohol consumption and airbag deployment were protective toward development of concomitant whiplash for mTBI patients, while seatbelt use was associated with higher risk. Concomitant whiplash increases the odds of hospitalization for mTBI patients but does not affect hospital LOS or discharge disposition, while seatbelt use is associated with lower rates of hospitalization and a more favorable hospital course. These findings provide context to injury patterns and care provision after a common mechanism of injury.
Subpial resection of epileptogenic tubers: operative nuances and lessons learned
Authors: Giridharan Nisha , English Collin W. , Wong Marcus , Weiner Howard L.
Published: July 2024

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder. Tubers of the central nervous system are a hallmark of the disorder and often cause epilepsy. Many TSC patients fail to achieve seizure control with medication alone. Several case series have demonstrated high seizure freedom rates after resective surgery. However, the technique for the resection of epileptogenic tubers has largely been unreported. Here the authors present 2 cases to illustrate their multistage approach for localizing and resecting the seizure onset zone in patients with TSC. At their institution, they have excellent seizure outcomes and a low complication rate with this technique.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2411
Endoscopic trans-orbital approach for the tumor-related epilepsy at the temporal tip
Authors: Tanoue Yuta , Uda Takehiro , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Yindeedej Vich , Goto Takeo
Published: July 2024

Minimally invasive surgery is gaining increasing interest in epilepsy surgery. In this video, the authors present the endoscopic transorbital approach for an epileptogenic lesion located at the temporal tip. The patient was a man in his 40s who has had intractable focal impaired awareness seizures and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures since he was 31 years of age. According to the preoperative examination, including stereotactic electroencephalography, a cavernous angioma located at the tip of the right temporal lobe was diagnosed as an epileptogenic lesion. Lesionectomy for this lesion was performed using the endoscopic transorbital approach as minimally invasive surgery and a favorable outcome was achieved.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2414
Laser interstitial thermal therapy of a single nodule in a complex epileptic network with multiple periventricular nodular heterotopias
Authors: Obaid Sami , Guillemette Albert , Lapalme-Remis Samuel , Yang Joseph Yuan-Mou , Weil Alexander G. , Bouthillier Alain
Published: July 2024

Surgical management of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in patients with multiple periventricular nodular heterotopias (PVNHs) is challenging. Identifying the location of seizure onset within these complex epileptic networks is difficult, and open resection carries risks of injury to surrounding functional white matter tracts such as optic radiations (ORs). The authors demonstrate tractography-assisted laser ablation of a single nodule in a patient with DRE and multiple PVNHs. Following surgery, visual fields were intact, highlighting the benefits of OR tractographic reconstruction. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient remained seizure free, suggesting the potential efficacy of targeting a single heterotopia within complex networks in well-selected cases.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2417
Robot-assisted stereotactic electroencephalography using 3-dimensional intraoperative imaging and frameless registration tool
Authors: Paun Luca , Moiraghi Alessandro , Simboli Giorgia Antonia , Pallud Johan , Zanello Marc
Published: July 2024

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is the gold standard to investigate the epileptic network in cases of drug-resistant epilepsy. Robot-assisted SEEG is increasingly being used; however, its installation process in the operating room is more difficult than that of the stereotactic frame procedure. New robotic tools and 3D intraoperative imaging ease the setup while achieving the same mechanical precision and a lower complication rate. In this video, the authors illustrate the surgical technique and step-by-step workflow using a robotic arm (neuromate) guided by a frameless registration system (neurolocate), registered with an intraoperative flat-panel CT scanner (O-arm).

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2419
Stereotactic depth electrode placement for chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation: surgical technique video
Authors: Harrison Daniel Jeremiah , Oushy Soliman , Gregg Nicholas M. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: July 2024

Neurostimulation is an increasingly common treatment option for medically intractable epilepsy. SANTE (Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy) and Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) System are landmark neurostimulation trials that utilized either duty cycle or a responsive stimulation paradigm. A seizure-free outcome is rarely observed with responsive and duty cycle neurostimulation devices. Chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS) is a promising treatment for adult drug-resistant epilepsy involving eloquent cortex and has demonstrated safety and efficacy. Herein, the authors describe the surgical technique as well as details of stimulation programming involved in CSCS placement to facilitate the adoption of this promising treatment.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2422
Disconnective hemispherotomy: technique and operative highlights
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Rammo Richard , Sarmey Nehaw , Kondylis Efstathios D. , Serletis Demitre , Bingaman William
Published: July 2024

Hemispherectomy is an effective procedure used in the treatment of drug-resistant hemispheric epilepsy, especially in the pediatric population. A number of resective and disconnective techniques are used, and selection of surgical strategy is paramount to achieving successful results. Notably, disconnective (or functional) hemispherotomy maximizes the benefits of safe, surgical disconnection while minimizing hemispheric tissue resection, thereby avoiding some of the perioperative factors contributing to morbidity in traditional anatomical hemispherectomy procedures. In this video, the authors outline the principal surgical steps of disconnective hemispherotomy and highlight important technical factors leading to optimal outcomes in patients with refractory, oftentimes catastrophic, hemispheric epilepsy.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2436
Vagus nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: a step-by-step video
Authors: Cicutti Santiago E. , Gromadzyn Guido P. , Cuello Javier F. , Bartuluchi Marcelo
Published: July 2024

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulatory treatment involving chronic intermittent electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve, administered through a programmable pulse generator implanted subcutaneously in the chest. This generator connects to a bipolar lead, with electrodes wrapped around the vagus nerve in the neck. Primarily used as an adjunct therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy who cannot undergo or have not benefitted from resective surgery, VNS is generally well tolerated with few severe side effects. Herein is presented an educational surgical video providing a detailed, step-by-step technical description of VNS implantation.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID244
Minipterional craniotomy for resection of epileptogenic cavernous malformation
Authors: Chartrain Alexander , Bullis Carli , Sader Nicholas , Chiarelli Peter A. , Kahan Madeline , Jordan Brittany , Agurs Latanya , Van Hirtum-Das Michele , Yuliati Asri , Joshi Sucheta , Chu Jason
Published: July 2024

Epilepsy is a common symptom of pediatric cavernous malformations. In medically refractory patients, surgery can achieve high seizure freedom rates with low morbidity. This video depicts the use of a minipterional craniotomy and transsulcal resection of a frontal opercular cavernous malformation in a 13-year-old female with medically intractable epilepsy. At 1-year follow-up, she was evaluated as Engel class I with a significant improvement in her quality of life. Principles of cavernous malformation resection for the treatment of epilepsy are also reviewed.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2441
Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin: A Case Report
Authors: Duwal Anu , Timisina Sunil , Pokhrel Sudarshan
Published: July 2024

Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin is a rare skin condition that is characterized by the development of one or more atrophic patches or depressions in the skin. These patches are usually located on the trunk, but they can also occur on the arms, legs, and neck. We here present a case of 33-year Nepalese male with brown to black color lesions over the left upper back, abdomen and thigh for the last 7 years. Clinical and dermatopathological findings were similar to the Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin. To our knowledge, this is the first case of LAM from Nepal. This case emphasizes the necessity of diagnosing Atrophoderma of Moulin and separating it from linear scleroderma due to differences in therapy and prognosis.
Powstanie i dzieje monasteru Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kobryniu do końca XVI wieku
Authors: Mironowicz Antoni
Published: July 2024

Opracowanie poświęcone jest fundacji i najstarszym dziejom monasteru Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kobryniu, który odegrał ważną rolę w dziejach Kościoła prawosławnego w XV i XVI stuleciu. Książę kobryński Semen Romanowicz ufundował w swym grodzie monaster Przemienienia Pańskiego, dokonując zapisu na rzecz klasztoru przed 1460 rokiem. Monaster Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kobryniu rozwijał się dynamicznie do połowy XVI stulecia. Nadania klasztorowi i jego przywileje kilkakrotnie były potwierdzane przez panujących. Na początku lat 40. XVI wieku monaster został pozbawiony części swojego uposażenia. Najwięcej informacji o samym monasterze Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kobryniu posiadamy z lustracji klasztornych z 20 grudnia 1562 roku, która stanowiła część przeprowadzonej na początku następnego roku Rewizji ekonomii kobryńskiej. W tym czasie w Kobryniu funkcjonowały cztery parafie prawosławne. Z monasteru kobryńskiego pochodziło dwóch biskupów diecezji turowsko-pińskiej – Wasjan i Jonasz. W końcu XVI wieku archimandrię kobryńską panujący traktowali jako rozdawnictwo dóbr poddanym za zasługi dla kraju, w tym osobom świeckim. Stosunek monasteru kobryńskiego do przemian zachodzących w Cerkwi prawosławnej w drugiej połowie XVI wieku i do unii kościelnej wynikał z postawy poszczególnych jego przełożonych oraz z polityki biskupów diecezji włodzimiersko-brzeskiej i turowsko-pińskiej. W przypadku ordynariusza diecezji włodzimiersko-brzeskiej wiadomo, że był on jednym ze zwolenników i realizatorów unii kościelnej. Apologetą unii był też władyka turowsko-piński. Po unii brzeskiej monaster Przemienienia Pańskiego stał się klasztorem bazyliańskim, którego przełożeni byli często ordynariuszami diecezji.
Efficiency evaluation
of higher education sector in Europe - window dea based approach
Authors: Arbula Blecich Andrea
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate relative efficiency of tertiary education in the period between 2013 and 2020. Since resources used for higher education are scarce and education is mostly publicly funded, it is important to use these resources as efficiently as possible. In this paper, DEA Window Analysis was used, which allows a dynamic evaluation and comparison of efficiency results over time. The empirical analysis is carried out on higher education systems of 30 European countries through eight-year long period. Two inputs (academic staff and general government expenditure on higher education) and four outputs (graduates, mobile students from abroad, citable documents and citations) were chosen as variables in an output-oriented 3-year window DEA model for the assessment of technical efficiency (TE) as well as pure technical (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) as its components. The results show that efficiency varies across countries and over time. Overall efficiency peaked in 2016 and declines steadily thereafter. When analysing the sources of inefficiency, PTE as a measure of management performance is overall higher than SE as a measure of optimal production size until 2017, except for 2015 when it is slightly lower than SE. We can conclude that the source of inefficiency until 2017 is generally the nonoptimal production size. From 2018, the situation changes and management performance becomes the main source of inefficiency. The results of this study may help policy makers in European countries in their efforts to increase the efficiency of higher education.
Bioactive compounds from the bark of Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Selivanova N. V. , Pustynnaya M. A. , Gusakova M. A. , Bogolitsyn K. G.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) bark composition. It is shown that the juniper’s bark contains 3.5 times more extractives than its wood. Individual component composition of ethanol and petroleum extracts of J. communis bark was confirmed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Difference in the component composition of ethanol and petroleum bark extracts was determined. The major constituents of J. communis ethanol extract are monosaccharides, disaccharides and resin acids; of petroleum extract – resin and fatty acids, and sterols. It has been established, that ethanol extract of J. communis bark exhibit high antioxidant activity. The ABTS radical inhibition activity of the bark alcoholic extract reached 86–87%. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that in the subarctic region the bark of J. communis is a source of valuable bioactive substances.
The Underwater Esmeralda Volcano (Mariana Island Arch) and some Features of the Composition of its Composition Rocks
Authors: Ananyev V. V. , Petrova V. V. , Rashidov V. A.
Published: July 2024

A generalization of the available original data and literature data on the geological and geophysical knowledge of the underwater volcano Esmeralda, located in the Mariana Island Arc, has been carried out. As a result of studying the rocks dredged during the 4th and 5th cruises of the R/V Vulkanolog at the present level, new data were obtained on the silicate and rare-element composition of the rock samples that make up this underwater volcano. It has been established that the studied volcanic edifice is composed of five types of rocks: basalts, basaltic andesites, dacites, gabbro, and basanites. For the first time, samples of dacite and basanite have been discovered, indicating that the petrochemical diversity of the underwater volcano Esmeralda is wider than previously thought. All dredged rocks are characterized by a slightly increased content of incoherent elements LILE and HFSE. The studies carried out made it possible to attribute the main part of the dredged rocks to the association of island-arc ferruginous tholeiites (IAB, IAT) and only the composition of a single sample of alkaline basalt (basanite) falls into the field of alkaline basalts of oceanic islands (OIB, OIA). The increased content of iron in plagioclase phenocrysts confirms that the rocks belong to the high-iron tholeiite association.
Negative Anomalies in the Atmospheric Electric Field near the Earth's Surface in Seismically Active Regions
Authors: Rulenko O. P.
Published: July 2024

The paper examines poorly-studied negative bay-like anomalies in the near-earth atmospheric electric field in seismically active regions at fair weather suitable for atmospheric electric observations. Observation data analysis revealed characteristic features of anomalies formation that allow us to conclude that the anomalies are associated with the deformation of near-surface rocks at tectonoseismic process. On the basis of the concept of atmospheric electricity, the source of anomalies in the electric field is a local negative space charge of small ions in the near-earth air emerged at a negative vertical gradient of electrical conductivity. It was revealed that the charge and produced negative anomalies in the electric field have deformation and emanation processes in their origin. We propose a scheme of anomalies formation and consider the role of radon and thoron in their emergence. It was found that thoron plays a more important role in some cases.
Quo Vadis Romanian Citizenship
Authors: Barbu S.G. , Cucu M.D. , Cosman D.F.
Published: July 2024

In presenting some considerations on the legal institution of citizenship, we will make some brief historical and doctrinal forays into the concept, a brief x-ray of the legislation and public administration institutions involved in this matter, then we will present some perspectives on the constituent dimensions and also on the reverberations of the connection between the Romanian citizenship and the „citizenship” of the European Union, in regards to the present and its possible future.
Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Yulfi Desi  , Meriati  , Febermina
Published: July 2024

Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di kelurahan Koto Panjang, Ikur koto, Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang, dengan ketinggian tempat ± 20 m dpl, Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan April 2021 sampai Juli 2021. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan dosis Mikoriza yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao” (Theobroma cacao L.) Percobaan dilaksanakan menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, sehingga seluruhnya 24 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 5 tanaman, keseluruhan tanaman adalah 120 tanaman, semua tanaman dijadikan sampel untuk pengamatan. Perlakuan beberapa dosis mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai berikut: A = Tanpa Mikoriza B = 5 g/tanaman C =10 g/tanaman D = 15 g/tanaman E = 20 g/tanaman F = 25 g/tanaman.Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara staah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, diameter batang, panjang akar tunggang, berat basah dan berat kering.Dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan dapat diambil kesimpulan: Pemberian beberapa dosis Mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit Kakao belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan.
Analisis Pendapatan Petani Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L) di Kelurahan Kuranji Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang
Authors: Firatama Indy , Amnilis  , Alin Deri Utama
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik petani timun suri di Kecamatan Kuranji, Kelurahan Kuranji, Kota Padang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive dengan sampel sebanyak 50 orang, untuk menentukan sampel data yang dikumpulkan berupa data acak dengan menggunakan tabel jejak, data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik responden yang diamati adalah sebagai berikut, (1) Tingkat pendidikan yaitu mayoritas responden adalah petani dengan tingkat pendidikan terakhir Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sebanyak 20 responden (40,00%), (2) Ditinjau dari segi umur secara keseluruhan responden berada pada kelompok umur produktif yaitu 39-47 tahun. (3) Luas lahan responden paling banyak adalah 0,5-0,6 Ha. (4) Dari segi pengalaman bertani, responden umumnya memiliki pengalaman 5-10 tahun dan (5) jumlah tanggungan dalam keluarga, mayoritas responden memiliki 2-5 orang tanggungan. Rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh petani adalah Rp. 35.357.232/Ha/MT dengan rata-rata total biaya usahatani sebesar Rp. 23.596.957/Ha/MT sehingga total pendapatan petani sebesar Rp. 11.760.275/Ha/MT. berdasarkan hasil analisis penerimaan, produksi, harga, dan luas lahan bahwa usahatani mentimun di lokasi penelitian layak untuk diusahakan.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Dan Nilai Tambah Karupuak Jariang Ibu Eliwarti di Nagari Kasang Padang Pariaman
Authors: Dang Sri Chaerani  , Herda Gusvita  , Tauzi
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha pada karupuak jariang Ibu Eliwarti. 2) untuk menganalisis nilai tambah jengkol menjadi karupuak jariang pada usaha karupuak jariang Ibu Eliwarti. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan sengaja (purposive). Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan adalah analisis kelayakan usaha dan analisis nilai tambah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa: (1). Usaha pengolahan karupuak jariang Ibu Eliwarti layak diusahakan dilihat dari nilai R/C ratio >1. BEP harga untuk karupuak jariang lebih kecil dari harga perjualan dan BEP volume lebih kecil dari produksi baik karupuak jariang goreng maupun rebus. (2). Nilai tambah per kilogram bahan baku yang diperoleh karupuak jariang tergolong tinggi (>40%) yaitu; nilai tambah untuk karupuak jariang goreng 70,17% dan karupuak jariang rebus 73,56%. Kemudian tingkat keuntungan yang diperoleh karupuak jariang termasuk bagus yaitu; 73,68% untuk karupuak jariang goreng dan 77,87% untuk karupuak jariang rebus. Sehingga usaha ini dinyatakan menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan.
Pengaruh Pemberian Bokashi Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Dia Azhari  , Prima Novia  , Meriati
Published: July 2024

An experiment on the effect of giving bokashi tithonia on the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) was carried out in Korong Gadang Village, Kuranji District, Padang City, West Sumatra. This research was conducted from March to April 2019. The purpose of this study was to obtain the dose of bokashi tithonia. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: A = Control (without Bokashi), B = Bokashi Tithonia 3 t.ha-1 (33.75 g tan-1), C = Bokashi Tithonia 6 t.ha-1 (67.5 g tan- 1), D = Bokashi Tithonia 9 t.ha-1 (101.3 g tan-1), E = Bokashi Tithonia 12 t.ha-1 (135 g tan-1), F = Bokashi Tithonia 15 t.ha- 1 (168.75 g tan-1). The data for each observation were obtained and analyzed by means of variance, if F count > F table, then it was continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a significant level of 5%. The experimental results showed that the effect of giving Bokashi Tithonia on the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, widest leaf width, plant fresh weight, while giving effect on longest leaf length. So that the best dose of Bokashi Tithonia has not been obtained for the growth and yield of mustard greens. Based on the above, it can be suggested to conduct research on Bokashi Tithonia at a rate higher than 15 tons/ha.
The Implementation of Moral Character Education in SD Tunas Metropolitan
Authors: Darmawan Sunarja  , Encep Syarif Nurdin  , Ace Suryadi  , Edi Suresman
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the implementation of character education in elementary schools in SD Tunas Metropolitan. Character education has recently become the subject of public debate regarding its implementation and the loss of character values such as honesty, courtesy, friendliness and religiosity which is gradually becoming an erosion of foreign culture. Hopefully this research can be a reference in building and implementing character education in elementary schools and the community. The type of research used was qualitative research conducted at SD Tunas Metropolitan. Primary data was collected from the results of in-depth interviews with key informants, namely: the principal, deputy principal, principal and students. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed using inductive techniques with the following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this research are that student character formation can be done through internal strategies and external strategies. Internal strategies can be implemented through four activities, namely activities in the teaching and learning process, daily activities in the form of school culture, habit formation activities, and internal and external activities. Meanwhile, external strategies can be implemented through the family environment and community environment. If all these strategies can be implemented well, the student's personality will be formed firmly.
Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa pada materi bilangan berdasarkan self-confidence
Authors: Ulfa Nabilah Citra Amalia , Sundayana Rostina
Published: July 2024

The low ability of students’ mathematical representation has an effect on achievement in mathematics learning. Students find it difficult to understand what is known and asked, also are still not able to find a way out in solving the questions so that many students find it difficult to solve the problems given in the form of story questions. Low self-confidence is also an influence on student success because self-confidence itself is self-confidence in doing tasks and choosing good, appropriate and effective solutions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mathematical representation ability of number material based on self-confidence. The subjects of this study were three class VIII junior high school students who were taken randomly. The data collection techniques in this study were tests, interviews, documentation, questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Respondents with a high self-confidence category can solve problems on the sub-indicators of making mathematical equations or models from other representations, making image representations to clarify problems and facilitate solving, making problem situations based on the data or representations provided; (2) Respondents with moderate self-confidence and low self-confidence categories can only solve the problem in the sub-indicator to create a problem situation based on the data or representation provided.
Rendahnya kemampuan representasi matematis siswa berpengaruh terhadap prestasi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Siswa sulit memahami apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan, juga masih kurang mampu mencari jalan keluar dalam menyelesaikan soal sehingga banyak siswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang diberikan dalam bentuk soal cerita. Rendahnya Self-confidence juga menjadi pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan siswa karena self-confidence itu sendiri merupakan kepercayaan diri dalam melakukan tugas dan memilih cara penyelesaian yang baik, tepat dan efektif.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kemampuan representasi matematis pada materi bilangan berdasarkan self-confidence. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga orang siswa SMP kelas VIII yang diambil acak. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Responden dengan kategori self-confidence tinggi dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan pada sub indikator membuat persamaan atau model matematika dari representasi lain, membuat representasi gambar untuk memperjelas masalah dan memfasilitasi penyelesaian, membuat situasi masalah berdasarkan data atau representasi yang diberikan; (2) Responden dengan kategori self-confidence sedang dan self-confidence rendah hanya dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan pada sub indikator membuat situasi masalah berdasarkan data atau representasi yang diberikan.