bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of hip arthroplasty using Paavilainen technique in patients with congenitally dislocated hip
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Mazurenko A. V. , Shubnyakov I. I. , Denisov A. O. , Bliznyukov V. V. , Bilyk S. S.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the study was to analyze the medium- and long-term results of hip arthroplasty using Paavilainen technique in patients with the congenitally dislocated hip. Methods: From 2001 to 2012 180 operations were carried out were using the Paavilainen technique in 140 patients with high dislocation of the hip (Crowe IV). All patients were clinically evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), VAS and radiography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis and classification trees analysis. Results: The average Harris score improved from preoperative 41.6 (40,3-43,5) to 79.3 (77,9-82,7) at final follow-up, and the difference was significant. Early complications were 9% (the most frequent were fractures of the proximal femur), later - 16.7% (pseudoarthrosis of the greater trochanter, 13.9%; disclocations-1,1%, aseptic loosening of the components - 1.7%), reoperation performed in 8.3% of cases. Such factors as age and limb length has statistically significant effect on functional outcomes. Established predictive model allows to get the best possible functional outcome in such patients with severe dysplasia. Conclusions: Total Hip arthroplasty using the Paavilainen technique is an effective method of surgical treatment in patients with the congenitally dislocated hip, but it is technically difficult operation with a high incidence of complications in comparison with standard primary total hip replacement.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY REGISTERS (REVIEW)
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Komilov N. N. , Kulyba T. A. , Fil A. S. , Drozdova P. V. , Petukhov A. I.
Published: June 2017

The rapid growth the number of joint replacements in the second half of the XX century required the creation of a system for monitoring the results of these operations. The most promising organizational structure that takes into account the number of performed surgeries and evaluates its results, is a national arthroplasty register. Followed by Sweden, where the first time the National Register of knee arthroplasty was created in 1975, many countries in Europe and North America began to develop own registers in the field of traumatology and orthopedics. By publishing annual reports and scientific papers, as well as through participation in national and international conferences, register distributes information to doctors, health care administrators, manufacturers and other interested bodies, allowing to track the results of arthroplasty at all levels, from the certain hospital to the international level. The authors of this review provide the analysis of the structure of existing registers of knee replacement and compare it with randomized clinical trials.
BIORESORBABLE MATERIALS FOR BONE DEFECTS SUBSTITUTION IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Konev V. A. , Tikhilov R. M. , Shubnyakov I. I. , Myasoedov A. A. , Denisov A. O.
Published: June 2017

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is one of the serious diseases of the hip. The outcome of the disease is the development of osteoarthritis of the hip in patients of working age. Today, one of the most popular surgical procedures in the early stages of the disease remains a core decompression. The purpose of the study was to understand the efficacy and safety of core decompression and filling bone defect bioresorbable materials. Material and methods. From 2006 to 2014 in Vreden Russian Research Institute for Traumotology and Orthopedics 62 patients (79 hips) with different stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head were treated. In all patients the classical decompression chamber of femoral head osteonecrosis was performed. In 36 patients (48 hips) the decompression was done with no additional processing the chamber, in 25 patients (31 joints) after decompression the treatment of osteonecrosis zone to the healthy bone was performed. In 56 cases the bioresorbable granular material based on calcium sulfate was used for filling the defect, in 6 cases - β-3 calcium phosphate, in 17 cases - the bioresorbable material based on the combination of calcium sulfate and 3 ß-calcium phosphate. Results. In the mean follow-up of 26.9 (6 to 62) months, the overall survival rate was 54.4%. In patients with the second stage of the disease the arthroplasty was performed only in 17.6% of cases, while in patients with the fourth stage - in 100%. In the third stage of osteonecrosis a strong correlation of survival with the necrosis volume was observed. Conclusion. The success of surgical interventions directly depended on the stage of the process, volume and fullness of osteonecrosis zone, as well as on the type of bioresorbable material and fullness of bone defect filling.
Results of the proximal humerus endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumour resection
Authors: Mikailov I. M. , Grigoriev P. V. , Ptashnikov D. A. , Maykov S. V.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of surgical reconstructions of the proximal humerus after transarticular tumour resection, compare the functional results with the results of shoulder arthroplasty in patients with extensive damage of the proximal humerus of non-neoplastic origin. Material and methods. Between 2001 and 2013 38 proximal humeral reconstructions were performed in our clinic: using monopolar endoprostheses - 26 (68%) and modular systems with reversible head -12 (32%). The control group included 46 patients with extensive lesions of the proximal humerus of non-neoplastic origin, operated in our clinic in the period from 2006 to 2012. Term follow-up of patients ranged from 7 months to 9 years. Assessment of functional results was carried out in a period from six months to one year. Results. The seven-year survival according the Kaplan - Meier method for patients with primary malignant tumors of the proximal humerus (25 patients) was 77%. In the study group the average value of functional outcome MSTS score was 77.7%. Unipolar prosthesis showed a bad result, both in the control (61,3% MSTS, 60,7 Neer) and in the main (67,7% MSTS, 61,1 Neer) study groups. Conclusion. Currently the method of choice which doesn’t impair the oncologic component of treatment patients with shoulder neoplastic lesions is its replacement with modular reversible systems in combination with additional soft tissue fixation.
The modern approaches to the treatment of chronic posterior instability of the knee (review)
Authors: Kuznetsov I. A. , Fomin N. F. , Shulepov D. A. , Salikhov M. R.
Published: June 2017

The history of surgical treatment of the posterior cruciate ligament injuries spanned more than 100 years. The first publications describing knee surgical stabilization have appeared in the early 20th century Until the early 1980’s there were several original methods of surgical treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injury including a dynamic stabilization with plasty by local tissues. Since the 1980’s with the development of arthroscopy the approach to surgical treatment of knee ligament injuries has changed. The authors discussed both advantages and disadvantages of different techniques of arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament plasty. This review presents different views on arthroscopic repair of posterior cruciate ligament at present time.
Correcting osteotomy for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius
Authors: Semenkin O. M. , Izmalkov S. N. , Golubtsov V. I.
Published: June 2017

The purpose - to analyze the results of the surgical treatment of patients with intra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius (DR). Material and methods. The operative treatment was performed in 12 patients (5 men and 7 women) with 12 malunited fractures of the DR. The average term from the injury to surgery was 19,67±7,13 weeks (from 5 to 92 weeks). We performed an intra-articular correcting osteotomy in 9 patients, combined intra-articular and extra-articular correcting osteotomy was used in three ones. The results of the treatment were assessed according to the DASH questionnaire, Cooney - Krimmer (1996) score, Martini (1999) score and the scheme offered by the authors. Results. In a year after the operation the rates of DASH questionnaire were 14,21±2,43 points averagely; 11 patients showed positive outcomes - 91,7% (Cooney - Krimmer score), 9 patients - 75% (Martini score) and 10 patients - 83,3% (scheme offered by the authors). Complications were observed in 3 patients. The fixators were removed from 3 patients. Conclusion. Corrective osteotomy in patients with symptomatic malunited intra-articular fractures of the distal radius is a safe and effective procedure that improves the structure and function of the wrist.
Comparative analysis of treatment technique in patients with distal radius fractures
Authors: Khominets V. V. , Tkachenko M. V. , Syrtsov V. V. , Ivanov V. S.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the study was to compare long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with fractures of the distal the radius with use of external fixation and angle stable plates, to make reasonable selection of optimal method of surgery for fractures of this localization. Material and methods. Surgical treatment completed 81 patients (34 men and 47 women) with 81 fractures of the distal radius: 49 patients were operated using angle stable plates (group I), 32 - external fixation (group II). The results of the treatment was assessed using clinical, radiological indicators, DASH questionnaire. Results. One year after surgery in group I we received 81,6% excellent and 18.4% good treatment outcomes, in group II - 71,8% excellent, 15.6% good and 12.5% fair results. Conclusion. Extra-articular fractures of type A are applicable all kinds of operations. However, closed reduction and external fixation has a number of advantages over plate fixation. Type B fractures virtually eliminate the use of external fixation because of the difficulty to achieve precision (anatomic) reduction the fragments. Intra-articular comminuted fractures (type C) require precise reduction with the restoration of the integrity of the articular facet and stable fixation of the whole period of callus formation for early movement in the joint. The results of the study showed that the volar angle stable plates provide these conditions.
Significance of medial patello-femoral ligament in support of patella stability: features of anatomy and biomechanics
Authors: Malanin D. A. , Novikov D. A. , Suchilin I. A. , Cheresov L. L.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the study - anatomical and biomechanical substantiation of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in cases of recurrent patella dislocation. Material and methods. Anatomical studies were performed in 27 fresh frozen cadaver knees. Biomechanical study was made using video capture system with 5 specimens of the knee. In the first stage we examined the lateral displacement of the patella when the knee was flexing, and in the second - isometric properties of the MPFL. Results. In all cases MPFL was found between the knee capsule and the superficial fascia. In 6 (22.2%) cases singlebundle structure was revealed, in 14 (51.8%) - two-bundle and in 2 (7.4%) - three-bundle structure. In 2 (7.4%) knee joints MPFL was presented in one thinned bundle, attached to the upper third of the patella. The degree of the MPFL isometry was indicated by changing in the distance between the optical markers located in the regions of attachment of MPFL ligament. For all of the knees this distance had reached 58.3±1.2 mm tibia in knee flexion at 20°; 57.8±,4 mm - when flexed by 30°; 56.9±1,3 mm - at 45°; 56.8±1,3 mm - at 60° of flexion and 53.0±0,7 mm - at 90°. Conclusion. There are several variants of MPFL anatomical structure, and in most cases it has two bundles oriented to the medial surface of the knee from posterior to anterior and from proximal to distal directions. MPFL has a streak of isometry, as a normal characteristic of each anatomical ligament and this isometry must be followed in MPFL reconstruction in case of recurrent patella dislocation.
High-resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve lesions (review)
Authors: Aitemirov S. M. , Ninel V. G. , Korshunova G. A. , Shchanitsyn I. N.
Published: June 2017

The diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions relies on clinical history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and radiography. The availability of these methods may be limited, and the costs can be significant. By comparison, ultrasonography is a comfortable, sensitive and economic technology, however, until now it is not widespread in Russia. An increasing number of publications have evaluated the role of ultrasonography in peripheral nerve diseases. The authors explored the clinical applicability of high-resolution ultrasonography in the preoperative and intraoperative management of peripheral nerve lesions.
Current trends in local antibacterial therapy of periprosthetic infection and osteomyelitis
Authors: Bozhkova S. A. , Novokshonova A. A. , Konev V. A.
Published: June 2017

The rational use of antibiotics in the treatment of orthopedic infection still presents a significant problem. Local antibiotic delivery systems enable to achieve effective concentrations of drugs in the focus of bone infection without the development of toxicity. It is the important accompaniment to systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periprosthetic infection and osteomyelitis. The data collected through the PubMed and eLIBRARY databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed, 1995-2015; http://elibrary.ru, 2005-2015 years) present the information about bone substitutes used for local antibiotic therapy in scientific investigations and in clinical practice. The information is submitted in accordance with the groups of materials: cements based on polymethylmethacrylate, bone grafts, demineralized bone matrix, bioceramics, natural and synthetic polymers, combined antibiotic delivery systems. The majority of these materials have only been studied experimentally and only a limited range of them is registered for use in clinical practice. Informing orthopedic surgeons about current methods of local antibiotic use is the key to the development of a modern integrated approach to the therapy of infectious complications after orthopedic surgery.
PENERAPAN MODEL INDUKTIF DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR SILLUET DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS CERITA PENDEK
Authors: Permata Indah Nikke
Published: June 2017

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini salah satunya adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pembelajaran sastra selalu dianggap membosankan karena cara pengajarannya yang monoton sehingga siswa merasa bosan. Menulis Cerpen merupakan salah satu pembelajaran sastra yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. Namun, seringkali siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam pembelajaran menulis cerpen karena berbagai faktor. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan penilitian dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen kuasi yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah kelas XI SMKN 1 Cimahi tahun ajaran 2014/2015, sedangkan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas KP B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas Eind B sebagai kelas kontrol. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes yaitu berupa tes awal dan tes akhir.Berdasarkan perhitungan uji t hipotesis, diperoleh hasil ttabel ≤ thitung ≥ ttabel , yaitu 1,939 ≤ 9,01 ≥  1,939. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan menulis teks cerita pendek siswa di kelas eksperimen sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model induktif dengan menggunakan media gambar siluet terbukti efektif.
Turbine blade tip single crystalline clad deposition with applied remelting passes for well oriented volume extension
Authors: Rottwinkel B. , Pereira A. , Alfred I. , Noelke C. , Wesling V. , Kaierle S.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this work was to achieve a single crystalline (SX) clad on the tip of an SX turbine blade. It was assumed that remelting could extend the SX-height by resolidifying the misoriented volume of its clad tracks. Thus, remelting was used as a tool to ease the clad epitaxy. All tests were performed with SX Ni-based superalloys CMSX-4 or PWA 1426. To determine the remelting parameters, the following methodology was devised: An ideal energy input per unit was determined for each clad track shape by applying a variable laser power during the process while traveling steadily. The energy value was defined using a combination of cross-sectional analyses and different laser parameters, thereby reducing the number of required tests to find the effective track remelting parameters. This was then tested thoroughly on five differently shaped CMSX-4 clad tracks to evaluate its validity. Thereafter, the remelting parameters from one chosen CMSX-4 track were applied to a similarly shaped PWA 1426 track, resulting in a complete SX clad track. This SX track was used to form the SX deposition on top of the blade, which was also made of PWA 1426. The tests to evaluate the remelting methodology were carried out on (010)/[100] or (010)/[001] crystalline orientations, which are equivalent to the orientations found on a turbine blade tip.
The Influence Model Blanded Learning of Social Sciences Subjects Respecting Indonesian Ethnic and Cultural Diversity To Increasing Activity And Learning Outcomes of Grade V Students in Elementary School 1 Purwoharjo Banyuwangi Distric Year 2015/2016
Authors: (Page 49-56) Ari Susandi
Published: June 2017

Education is an attempt to develop knowledge and form a golden generation of Indonesian character. To achieve this, we need educators who are reliable and able to create new innovations that education in Indonesia is growing and quality. By developing the approach here blanded Learning students not only see and learn about things around them, but they are required to master all the resources and extensive knowledge, one of them with controlled study with an integrated learning system to capitalize on IT as a learning medium. By applying lessons blanded learning in social studies subject of ethnic and cultural respect Indonesia has been an increase of 78,91% students learning activities that initially only 46.57% and improve learning outcomes as much as 78,6% which was initially only 68,35% V class at SDN 1 Purwoharjo Banyuwangi. Many of the benefits gained by teachers and students in the learning process in the classroom and to improve the productivity of teachers in developing information technology more accurate, especially in the field of education
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oil from Algerian Pistacia lentiscus resin
Authors: Raho G. Bachir
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram–positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram–negative bacteria). The agar disc diffusion method was used for microbial growth inhibition at various dilutions of the oils. Results showed that the tested essential oils possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus but inactive on E. coli. These results may have significant implications for the future development of resin oils of P. lentiscus as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of the infections caused by S. aureus.
Plant growth regulators alters antioxidant metabolisms in Solanum trilobatum L.: An underutilized medicinal herb
Authors: Nivedithadevi D. , Arivalagan M. , Somasundaram R.
Published: June 2017

In this study, the changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Solanum trilobatum was estimated upon treatment with plant growth regulators (PGR) like Abscisic acid (ABA), Paclobutrazol (PBZ) and Salicylic acid (SA). The given treatments were started at 70th day followed by 80th, 90th and 100th Days After Sowing (DAS). The groups were treated with respect growth hormones by spraying method to ABA 10 µg L-1, PBZ 10 mg L-1 and SA 500 µg L-1 concentrations. The plant was harvested on 80th, 90th, 100th and 110th DAS and analyzed the non-enzymatic antioxidants like Reduced glutathione (GSH), Ascorbic acid (AA) and α-tocopherol contents and enzymatic antioxidants like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POX), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. In all the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant contents were increased by the growth regulators to a significant extent when compared with control plants. In our results indicated that the ABA, PBZ and SA applications at low concentration can be used as a potential tool to increase defence mechanisms in medicinal plants.
Check list of medicinal plants from Navapur, district Nandurbar (Maharashtra State), India
Authors: Jaiswal Ajitkumar G.
Published: June 2017

Nandurbar is known as predominantly tribal district in Maharashtra. More than 80% population of the district is tribal. While studding flora of medicinal plants of Navapur Area, Navapur taluka author collected one hundred and fifty-eight medicinal plants. In this communication these medicinal plants were listed.
La adaptación de la responsabilidad social empresarial de empresas multinacionales en México: Caso General Motors México
Authors: Castillo Villar Rosalía Guadalupe
Published: June 2017

Como consecuencia de la globalización, la discusión alrededor de las acciones de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) de empresas multinacionales ha aumentado en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a la discusión sobre la adaptación o no de estos programas, de tal forma que se adapten a las expectativas y necesidades de la sociedad huésped. En este caso se aporta al estudio en México. Para esto se contribuye en primer lugar un breve marco conceptual de los conceptos independientes, para proceder a la argumentación a favor de esta interacción en particular y por último, se trata un breve ejemplo de esta interacción a través de un caso de estudio de la empresa General Motors que refleja claramente la adaptación de programas de RSE al mismo tiempo que sigue guías corporativas mundiales. En este trabajo se utiliza el análisis de los reportes anuales oficiales de responsabilidad social que publica la compañía como base para el análisis.
Calidad del empleo generado por las Mipymes en el Estado de Michoacán, desde la perspectiva de la suficiencia del ingreso percibido
Authors: García Teruel Lucía de la Cueva , García Teruel Lucía de la Cueva , Palomares Vaughan Francisco Javier
Published: June 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión sobre la calidad del empleo generado por las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes) en el estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, México, desde la perspectiva de la suficiencia del ingreso, que es uno de los múltiples indicadores que existen para su medición. Este estudio se deriva de una investigación previa con enfoque cuantitativo que implicó la obtención, análisis y vinculación de datos generados mediante dos encuestas aplicadas a los centros de trabajo y a los trabajadores de las Mipymes. La investigación se apoya en el estudio realizado por Bonnet et al. (2003) donde propone mediciones desde la perspectiva de la sociedad (nivel macro), de la empresa (nivel meso) y del trabajador en lo individual (nivel micro), así como en las dimensiones definidas por Galardhi (2011). La metodología que se aplicó se fundamentó en primera instancia, en la revisión de la literatura enfocada en el análisis de las características del trabajo decente, constructo surgido dentro de los “Objetivos del Milenio”, en la Conferencia Internacional del trabajo en 1999, que establece que como trabajo decente debe entenderse la oportunidad para mujeres y hombres de obtener trabajo productivo en condiciones de libertad, equidad, seguridad y dignidad humana. De las distintas dimensiones que miden este constructo el elemento referente a suficiencia del ingreso resulta de trascendencia. Los resultados permiten asegurar que el ingreso que perciben los trabajadores de las Mipymes en Michoacán es insuficiente para lograr el mínimo bienestar para una vida digna.
Variables críticas en las ventajas competitivas de restaurantes gourmet, La Serena, Chile
Authors: Cabana Villca Segundo Ricardo , Galvéz Vargas Pía Alejandra , Muñoz Pizarro Carla Ivonne
Published: June 2017

La investigación se centró en analizar las variables que influyen en el logro de las ventajas competitivas en empresas pertenecientes al mercado gastronómico gourmet en La Serena, Chile. Para esto se construyó un modelo que relaciona la calidad de servicio, satisfacción, lealtad, vínculo relacional y ventaja competitiva, creando hipótesis entre las variables y validándolas con una muestra significativa de clientes. Para contrastar las hipótesis se utilizó el método de modelos estructurales a través del método basado en covarianza (MBC). Concluyendo que la ventaja competitiva en negocios de restaurante gourmet si bien depende significativamente de la lealtad de los clientes, esto mismo provoca que sea relevante que exista una gestión proactiva sistémica, centrada en la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción que se genera. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, además debe lograr un vínculo relacional con el cliente como consecuencia de la lealtad del mismo. Por lo tanto, en esta industria las empresas sólo tendrán un crecimiento sostenible sí la lealtad del cliente es un activo que asume un rol de cliente socio que contribuye en la creación de una propuesta de valor innovadora.
The Effect of Applying the International Guidelines for Clean Surgery on Infection Control of Patient's Close Intimate Environments
Authors: Abdulkahar Ismaeil M. , Mohammed Haider N. , Mansour Sabeeha A.
Published: June 2017

Surgical site infections are the most common cause of hospital acquired nosocomial infections. To evaluate the effects of applying and following the international standard guidelines for clean surgery on the final infection control in operation theatres, a comparative study was designed and carried out during the period from May 2014 to February 2015, at two operating theatres, the general surgical and the gynaecological theatre at Azadi teaching hospital – Duhok city – Kurdistan region. A total number of 492 samples (swabs and settles plate) were taken from different sites of intimate contact with the patients and were divided into two parts, pre (part I) and post (part II) samples. They were taken in a periodic day to day, and collected periodically three days of the week (Saturday -Monday- Wednesday) for a period of one month. Swabs were taken from different places were streaked on Blood and Mac-Conkey agar plates and incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions for 24 hours. After incubation, the bacterial colonies were counted and diagnosed by Phoenix. The concentration of bacteria was expressed as colony forming units. The rates of bacterial contamination in places of close contact with patients of both theatres before the application of the WHO guidelines were as following: out of 348 samples collected from the surgical theatre in the first part; 105 (30.1%) showed significant growth in comparison to 32/144(22.2%) that showed significant growth from the gynaecological theatre, while all samples in part II from the surgical theatre showed no significant growth that 100%, in comparison to141/144(97.92%) in the gynaecological theatre in the second part after application of the WHO guidelines. As a conclusion there are 3 factors which have an effect on the result of surgical site infections namely patients, staff and environmental factors. The environmental factors have the greatest impact which are indirectly related to the degree of application of WHO standards of operation theaters.
Isolation and Identification of Yeasts from Indoor Swimming Pools in Duhok City With Special Concern to The Effect of Some Disinfectant Agents
Authors: Abdullah Berivan A. , Saadullah Asia A.M.
Published: June 2017

The present study was conducted to study the level of yeast contamination in indoor public swimming pools in Duhok city. A total of 230 samples (50 water sample) were taken from swimming pool water and (180 swab samples) were taken from walls, flour of bathrooms, dressing rooms and flour around the pool in five indoor public swimming pools from September 2014 to February 2015. All samples were examined for the presence of yeasts using three culture media (Potato Dextrose Agar, Malt Extract Agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar). The highest number of Yeast genera was in November (6) followed by October (5), December and January (4) while the lowest number was in September (3). Eleven (11) isolates yeasts were selected randomly for in vitro sensitivity to the disinfectant agents {Chlorine, Chloroxylenol and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)}. All tested isolates were highly sensitive to chlorine, Chloroxylenol and H2O2. The MIC value of chlorine for most of them was 0.01 % and for Chloroxylenol was 0.1 % except Candida tropicalis and C.  glabrata. Regarding the effect of H2O2 the MIC value ranged from 0.1% - 12.8 %.
The Cumulative Effects of Plant Extract Tavri Shrub (Daphne Mucronata) on Some Biological Aspects of Mosquito Culex Molestus Forskal
Authors: Abdulmajeed Anas M. , Al-Chalabi Badia'a M.
Published: June 2017

The present study was performed to evaluate the toxicity and biological activity of ethanolic extract of the plant tavri shrub (Daphne mucronata) which is widely abundant in Iraqi Kurdistan region against the mosquito (Culex molestus Forskal) using different concentrations (0.25- 7.5 mg/ml). The plant extract  significantly affected the survival rate of all immature stages, prolonged their developmental period, preoviposition period, reduced egg productivity and hatchability, caused growth abnormalities, led to the appearance of intermediates and the adult failed to emerge. The cumulative effect of the Plant extract significantly affected the hatchability of eggs, mortality rate and elongation the duration of the larvae and pupae of C. molestus. The adult emergence and most of the vital biological activities of the emerging females including preoviposition period, fecundity and fertility were obviously affected.  Also the extract caused various morphological deformations at different developmental stages.
The Effect of Iba and Cutting Diameter on Inducing Roots of Cotinus Coggygria Scop. and Rhus Coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Muhamed Hassan N. , Dawod Nasser A.
Published: June 2017

Because of the difficulty in their vegetative propagation, both Rhus coriaria L. and Cotinus coggygria Scop.  (Ancardaceae) are rarely introduced into the forest nursery trade. Vegetative propagation is practiced in forestry to produce seedlings of desired genetic properties within a short period and when seeds displaying a status of complex dormancy. In the present study, the possibility of the multiplication by stem cuttings was studied for Sumac, the high ethnobotanical shrub value and for Cotinus, the endangered shrub, to give more insight into their propagation technique. Between January-July 2014, using complete randomized block design (C.R.B.D) in four replicates, we evaluated the effectiveness of applying four different Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration to two stems cutting diameters in producing C. coggygria and R. coriaria. However, the former species due to the poor survival percentage (lower 5%) excluded from the analysis. Optimum results of C. coggygria were obtained with IBA 20000 mg.l -1 and cutting diameter more than 1 cm. (rooting % 60, number of roots 17.33, number of branches  3.75 and the number of leaves 19.33 while nonsignificant increase was recorded in root length. 16.33 cm.). The results indicated that Cotinus is relatively easy to propagate by stem cutting in comparing with Sumac with rootability increases significantly with increasing of IBA concentration and stem cutting diameter. Further studies are needed for more reasonable rooting results to meet the large quantity demand of elite seedling material that could be later used to restore the natural populations of C. coggygria and R. coriaria.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant (Dna Nicking Assay) and Antibacterial Activities of Morus Nigra L. Fruits Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Issa Najlaa K. , Abd-Aljabar Rihan S.
Published: June 2017

The present study was carried out to identify the chemical composition of ethanol, flavonoid and anthocyanin extracts of Morus nigra fruits. The results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds and the absence of alkaloids, saponins, free amino acids, proteins and tannins. TLC and column chromatography techniques were used to separate and purify the anthocyanin pigment from anthocyanin extract which is then subjected to acid hydrolysis to obtain the anthocyanidin pigment (a). Many techniques were also employed to confirm pigment (a) chemical structure including (TLC, UV-Visible and IR-Spectroscopy). According to the forgoing analytical results, the proposed structure for the isolated pigment (a) is cyanidin pigment. DNA nicking assay has been used to evaluate the ability of the prepared extracts and pigment (a) to prevent DNA nicking caused by free radicals generated from Fenton's reagent. The highest DNA protective effect was achieved in anthocyanin extract followed by pigment (a) and their effects were identical to the positive control (cyanidin chloride). Antibacterial activities of all extracts and pigment (a) were performed against the growth of two standards and pathogenic G+ and G- bacteria. The results indicated that all plants extracts showed more potent activity against standard bacteria strains than pathogenic ones.
Multi-Elemental Analysis of Crepis Sahendi Boiss Grown in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Using ICP-OES/ICP-MS Techniques
Authors: Osw Peshawa Sh. , Masum Pshtiwan A.
Published: June 2017

Crepis sahendi Boiss is perennial plant growing in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Traditionally, it is used for the treatment of abdominal ache. The objective of this study is to evaluate the element contents of root, stem, leaf and flower of C. sahendi, which were determined using microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-OES/ICP-MS techniques. Sixty-five elements were analyzed from the studied plant parts. Element concentrations of Pt, Pd and Re have not been detected in any parts of the studied plant. Some elements were present only in specific parts, such as; Ta, Ti, U, Ho, Lu, Tm, Yb W, In and Te. The rest of the elements were detected in all parts of C. sahendi in different concentrations. Lead and Arsenic reach the toxic concentrations in flower with 45.9 ppm and 25.6 ppm respectively. Chromium was also showed in a toxic ratio within root, leaf and flower with 8.04 ppm, 7.43 ppm and 3.47 ppm respectively. The determination of metals as toxic ratio was depended on the WHO references. The presence of these toxic heavy metals in such a ratio in the selected parts of C. sahendi make us believe that this traditional plant is not safe to be used by consumers in the sampling area.
A New Type of Weakly Commutative Groups
Authors: Ibrahim Hariwan Z. , Salih Muwafaq M.
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present paper is to define and study a new class of groups, namely Wm-groups with a single binary operation based on axioms of semi commutativity, right identity and left inverse. Moreover, we introduce the notions of right cosets, quotient Wm-groups, homomorphisms, kernel and normal Wm-subgroups in terms of Wm-groups, and investigate some of their properties.
Implementation of Active Traffic Management Strategies for Safety on Congested Expressway Weaving Segments
Authors: Wang Ling , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: June 2017

In weaving segments, traffic merges, diverges, and weaves in a limited space. These traffic maneuvers might result in high crash hazards. To improve the safety of a congested expressway weaving segment, this study tested various active traffic management (ATM) strategies in microsimulations. Crash odds and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model were used to evaluate the impact of ATM strategies on traffic safety. The crash odds were calculated based on the real-time safety analysis model for weaving segments. The strategies included ramp metering (RM), variable speed limit (VSL), and integrated RM and VSL (RM-VSL). Overall, the results showed that the ATM strategies improved the safety of the studied weaving segment. The modified ALINEA RM algorithms, which took lane occupancy and safety into consideration, outperformed the traditional ALINEA algorithm from a safety perspective. The 45 mph VSLs, which were located at the upstream of the studied weaving segment, significantly enhanced safety without notably increasing average travel time. A consolidated RM-VSL strategy was also proposed with the aim of improving traffic safety by implementing RM and VSL. In the consolidated RM-VSL strategy, the modified ALINEA RM was adjusted according to the queue length to prevent long queues on ramps. The results proved that the consolidated RM-VSL strategy reduced the number of conflicts by 16.8% and decreased the crash odds by 6.0%.
Assessment of drainage techniques for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: a consecutive population-based comparative cohort study
Authors: Sjåvik Kristin , Bartek Jiri , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Henriksen Marte Lødemel , Gulati Sasha , Ståhl Fredrik L. , Kristiansson Helena , Solheim Ole , Förander Petter , Jakola Asgeir Store
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. The benefit of postoperative passive subdural drainage compared with no drains has been established, but other drainage techniques are common, and their effectiveness compared with passive subdural drains remains unknown.

METHODS

In Scandinavian population-based cohorts the authors conducted a consecutive, parallel cohort study to compare different drainage techniques. The techniques used were continuous irrigation and drainage (CID cohort, n = 166), passive subdural drainage (PD cohort, n = 330), and active subgaleal drainage (AD cohort, n = 764). The primary end point was recurrence in need of reoperation within 6 months of index surgery. Secondary end points were complications, perioperative mortality, and overall survival. The analyses were based on direct regional comparison (i.e., surgical strategy).

RESULTS

Recurrence in need of surgery was observed in 18 patients (10.8%) in the CID cohort, in 66 patients (20.0%) in the PD cohort, and in 85 patients (11.1%) in the AD cohort (p < 0.001). Complications were more common in the CID cohort (14.5%) compared with the PD (7.3%) and AD (8.1%) cohorts (p = 0.019). Perioperative mortality rates were similar between cohorts (p = 0.621). There were some differences in baseline and treatment characteristics possibly interfering with the above-mentioned results. However, after adjusting for differences in baseline and treatment characteristics in a regression model, the drainage techniques were still significantly associated with clinical outcome (p < 0.001 for recurrence, p = 0.017 for complications).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with the AD cohort, more recurrences were observed in the PD cohort and more complications in the CID cohort, also after adjustment for differences at baseline. Although the authors cannot exclude unmeasured confounding factors when comparing centers, AD appears superior to the more common PD.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01930617 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Thirty-day postoperative morbidity and mortality after temporal lobectomy for medically refractory epilepsy
Authors: Kerezoudis Panagiotis , McCutcheon Brandon , Murphy Meghan E. , Rajjoub Kenan R. , Ubl Daniel , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Worrell Gregory , Bydon Mohamad , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Temporal lobectomy is a well-established treatment modality for the management of medically refractory epilepsy in appropriately selected patients. The aim of this study was to assess 30-day morbidity and mortality after temporal lobectomy in cases registered in a national database.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a multiinstitutional surgical registry compiled between 2006 and 2014. The authors identified patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and/or amygdalohippocampectomy for a primary diagnosis of intractable epilepsy. Univariate and multivariable analyses with regard to patient demographics, comorbidities, operative characteristics, and 30-day outcomes were applied.

RESULTS

A total of 216 patients were included in the study. The median age was 38 years and 46% of patients were male. The median length of stay was 3 days and the 30-day mortality rate was 1.4%. Fourteen patients (6.5%) developed at least one major complication. Return to the operating room was observed in 7 patients (3.2%). Readmission within 30 days and discharge to a location other than home were available for 2011–2014 (n = 155) and occurred in 11% and 10.3% of patients, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that increasing age was an independent predictor of discharge disposition other than home and that male sex was a significant risk factor for the development of a major complication. Interestingly, the presence of the attending neurosurgeon and a resident during the procedure was significantly associated with decreased odds of prolonged length of stay (i.e., > 75th percentile [5 days]) and discharge to a location other than home.

CONCLUSIONS

Using a multiinstitutional surgical registry, 30-day outcome data after temporal lobectomy for medically intractable epilepsy demonstrates a mortality rate of 1.4%, a major complication rate of 6.5%, and a readmission rate of 11%. Temporal lobectomy is an extremely effective therapy for seizures originating there—however, surgical intervention must be weighed against its morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas: first report of malignant progression
Authors: Apra Caroline , Mokhtari Karima , Cornu Philippe , Peyre Matthieu , Kalamarides Michel
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas (MSFTs/HPCs) are rare intracranial tumors resembling meningiomas. Their classification was redefined in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO) as benign Grade I fibrohyaline type, intermediate Grade II hypercellular type, and malignant highly mitotic Grade III. This grouping is based on common histological features and identification of a common NAB2-STAT6 fusion.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively identified 49 cases of MSFT/HPC. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records, and all cases were analyzed according to this new 2016 WHO grading classification in order to identify malignant transformations.

RESULTS

Recurrent surgery was performed in 18 (37%) of 49 patients. Malignant progression was identified in 5 (28%) of these 18 cases, with 3 Grade I and 2 Grade II tumors progressing to Grade III, 3–13 years after the initial surgery. Of 31 Grade III tumors treated in this case series, 16% (5/31) were proved to be malignant progressions from lower-grade tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

Low-grade MSFTs/HPCs can transform into higher grades as shown in this first report of such progression. This is a decisive argument in favor of a common identity for MSFT and meningeal HPC. High-grade MSFTs/HPCs tend to recur more often and be associated with reduced overall survival. Malignant progression could be one mechanism explaining some recurrences or metastases, and justifying long-term follow-up, even for patients with Grade I tumors.
Preparing Safety Cases for Operating Outside Prescriptive Fatigue Risk Management Regulations
Authors: Gander Philippa , Mangie Jim , Wu Lora , van den Berg Margo , Signal Leigh , Phillips Adrienne
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION: Transport operators seeking to operate outside prescriptive fatigue management regulations are typically required to present a safety case justifying how they will manage the associated risk. This paper details a method for constructing a successful safety case.METHODS:
The method includes four elements: 1) scope (prescriptive rules and operations affected); 2) risk assessment; 3) risk mitigation strategies; and 4) monitoring ongoing risk. A successful safety case illustrates this method. It enables landing pilots in 3-pilot crews to choose the second or
third in-flight rest break, rather than the regulatory requirement to take the third break. Scope was defined using a month of scheduled flights that would be covered (N = 4151). These were analyzed in the risk assessment using existing literature on factors affecting fatigue to estimate
the maximum time awake at top of descent and sleep opportunities in each break. Additionally, limited data collected before the new regulations showed that pilots flying at landing chose the third break on only 6% of flights.RESULTS: A prospective survey comparing subjective reports
(N = 280) of sleep in the second vs. third break and fatigue and sleepiness ratings at top of descent confirmed that the third break is not consistently superior. The safety case also summarized established systems for fatigue monitoring, risk assessment and hazard identification, and
multiple fatigue mitigation strategies that are in place.DISCUSSION: Other successful safety cases have used this method. The evidence required depends on the expected level of risk and should evolve as experience with fatigue risk management systems builds.Gander P, Mangie
J, Wu L, van den Berg M, Signal L, Phillips A. Preparing safety cases for operating outside prescriptive fatigue risk management regulations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(7):688–696.
Algorithm for Reconstruction of 3D Images of Nanorice Particles from Diffraction Patterns of Two Particles in Independent Random Orientations with an X-ray Laser
Authors: Kim Sung , Wibowo Sandi , Saldin Dilano
Published: June 2017

The method of angular correlations recovers quantities from diffraction patterns of randomly oriented particles, as expected to be measured with an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), proportional to quadratic functions of the spherical harmonic expansion coefficients of the diffraction volume of a single particle. We have previously shown that it is possible to reconstruct a randomly oriented icosahedral or helical virus from the average over all measured diffraction patterns of such correlations. We point out in this paper that a structure of even simpler particles of 50 Å or so in diameter and consisting of heavier atomic elements (to enhance scattering) that has been used as a test case for reconstructions from XFEL diffraction patterns can also be solved by this technique. Even though there has been earlier work on similar objects (prolate spheroids), one advantage of the present technique is its potential to also work with diffraction patterns not only due to single particles as has been suggested on the basis on nonoverlapping delta functions of angular scattering. Accordingly, we calculated from the diffraction patterns the angular momentum expansions of the pair correlations and triple correlations for general particle images and reconstructed those images in the standard way. Although the images looked pretty much the same, it is not totally clear to us that the angular correlations are exactly the same as different numbers of particles due to the possibility of constructive or destructive interference between the scattered waves from different particles. It is of course known that, for a large number of particles contributing to a diffraction parttern, the correlations converge to that of a single particle. It could be that the lack of perfect agreement between the images reconstructed with one and two particles is due to uncancelling constructive and destructive conditions that are not found in the case of solution scattering.