bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ulasan Etnobotani Rubroshorea balangeran (Korth) P. S. Ashton & J. Heck. (Dipterocarpaceae) oleh Masyarakat Kalimantan
Authors: Sepsamli Letus , Dirna Fitria Cita , Hanindita Shafira , Hidayat Imam
Published: February 2025

Balangeran is an endemic species of Kalimantan and offers numerous benefits for daily life. Balangeran is one such species utilized by the people of Kalimantan for various purposes. This study was conducted using a literature review method, analyzing various articles, proceedings, and books on the ethnobotanical aspects of Balangeran by comparing similarities and differences and subsequently drawing conclusions from the research. Several aspects collected include taxonomy, ecology and distribution, local names, and ethnobotany. Communities across various provinces in Kalimantan use the Balangeran trunk as building material, the bark as a dye, and make traditional medicines from the bark, leaves, branches, and twigs. Some phytochemical compounds found in Balangeran include alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and steroids. However, despite its benefits, the population of Balangeran in the wild is declining and becomes a concern to preserve its existence and benefits through various conservation efforts.
Karakteristik Kalus dari Eksplan Batang Planlet Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) pada Media dengan Konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) dan 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) serta Kondisi Pencahayaan
Authors: Setiawati Tia , Arofah Annisa Nur , Lestari Ani , Hasan Rusdi
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to obtain the optimal concentration combination of 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators for inducing callus from the stem explant of Chrysanthemum (C. morifolium Ramat) in bright and dark conditions. Stem explants of chrysanthemum were grown in culture medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BAP under different lighting conditions for 45 days after culture. A laboratory-scale experimental method was used in this research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The observed parameters were induction time, percentage formation, size, fresh weight, dry weight, texture, color, and various respones generated by callus. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all concentrations and combinations of growth regulators could induce callus. In bright condition, the fastest callus induction time was 7 days after culture; most calli were dark green and dark brown colored with compact texture; the callus size was 1.36 cm; also, the highest dry weight generated by callus was 0.17 gram. Meanwhile, in dark conditions, the fastest callus induction time was 6 days after culture; most calli were light green and light brown colored with compact texture; the callus size was 1.18 cm; and the highest dry weight generated by callus was 0.15 gram.
Inventarisasi dan Identifikasi Potensi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat di Kawasan Lereng Gunung Kawi Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Rosyidi Ahmad Ghulam , Wijayanti Titik , Prasmala Erfitra Rezqi , Widyaningrum Diyah Ayu
Published: February 2025

The slopes of Mount Kawi in Malang Regency had a unique ecosystem that stored valuable natural resources, including plants with medicinal properties. This research aimed to identify the diversity of medicinal plants on the slopes of Mount Kawi in Malang Regency, their utilization potential, habitus distribution, and the composition of plant parts used. The research method employed was observation with a descriptive-exploratory approach. The results revealed that the diversity of medicinal plant species and families on the slopes of Mount Kawi showed varying distribution patterns, dominated by the Rubiaceae and Fabaceae families. Four types of medicinal plant habitus were found: trees (31%), shrubs (41%), herbs (21%), and climbers (7%). Shrubs dominated with the most species, followed by trees, while climbers had the least. The composition of plant parts was dominated by leaves, with 16 types (38%) of the total utilized parts, followed by fruits and combinations of other parts, such as leaves and fruits. This predominance was attributed to the accessibility of leaves, their higher bioactive content, and their use in fresh form, boiled or extracted to treat various diseases.
Studi Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Di Kawasan Ekoeduwisata Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung
Authors: Koswara Asep , Mitra Setia Tatang , Malia Prawiradilaga Dewi
Published: February 2025

The limited study of bird in The Ecoturism area of Ciliwung watershed has led to the inability of the management  authority to inform the community about diversity of birds in this area. The purpose of this study is to find out the composition, abundance, and diversity of bird species. The research was carried out in March – July 2021 at 14 observation points divided into 2 research stations called: Saung Matpeci and Shibi. Saung Matpeci Station has five observation points, and Shibi Station has nine observation points. The method used was Point Count method. and the bird diversity was analysid using the Shannon-Wiener Index. There were 518 individuals consisting of 38 species, 26 genera and 19 families of birds. The highest bird abundance value in this area was 0,247 and the lowest abundance was 0,002. The diversity of bird in this area was classified  into moderate category (2,54). The Brontok eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) and The Striped fan (Rhipidura javanica) are protected birds in Indonesia
Gambaran Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) pada Calon Guru Biologi Di Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Authors: Riska Septia Wahyuningtyas  , Lauren Soplantila Janed , Mamangkey Jendri
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to determine the ability level of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) students of biology education at the Christian University of Indonesia. This research was a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was carried out in two ways, namely by conducting a survey of respondents about pedagogic knowledge and content knowledge, then observing the learning implementation plan document which was assessed by two panelists. The population in this study were students of the Biology Education study program at the Christian University of Indonesia. The conclusion of this study was 1) The level of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) ability of biology education students was sufficient in terms of the results of written tests regarding Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) knowledge, 2) Biology education students' Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) ability level entry into the criteria is sufficient in terms of the results of the observation of the learning implementation plan (RPP) document
Monitoring of Macroinvertebrate Species In Sibolga Waters
Authors: Harahap Arman
Published: February 2025

The waters of sibolga is the waters are very widespread in , this area is densely populated, so there are many community activities that take place such as Transportation, Fisheries, Bathing, sand Mining and other.The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Macroinvertebrate  as a bioindicator of water quality in the waters of Sibolga  Tapanuli Tengah, as well as determine the quality of water in the flow of the waters Sibolga  physical properties, chemical has. The research was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022, the samples taken from the three research stations. From the results obtained Macroinvertebrate  in the identification in this study consisted of 3 Phyla of invertebrates namely : Annelids, which consists of 2 classes, Arthropods consisting of 1 class and Molusca, which consists of 1 class. Based on the data of Macroinvertebrate  obtained at each research station, then the obtained value of population density, relative density and frequency of presence of that at station I the value of its highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individual/m2, the density is relatively 25,862% and the frequency of the presence of 55,555%. off at 3. at station 2 the highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individuals/m2, relative density 25,862% and a frequency of 55,555%. also note that the total score obtained by the method storet, namely -30, this shows that if connected with the raw water quality of class I is then classified in the waters of class III, which means that light polluted. The high total score method storet on the entire research station due to the presence of a variety of activities at each of the stations, settlements, sand mining and other activities. Where these activities produce waste, which in the end increases the content of Phosfat, COD, TSS and BOD5, thus causing the waters of the Waters of Sibolga  is light polluted.
Capital social y niñez migrante en Chile: problemas para generar relaciones sociales en entornos educativos
Authors: Landeros Jaime Francisco J.
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las dificultades que enfrentan estudiantes extranjeros para crear relaciones sociales y lazos de amistad en un contexto educativo con alta presencia migrante en Santiago de Chile. La estrategia metodológica desarrollada es de tipo cualitativo, siendo las principales técnicas para la obtención de datos la observación y la entrevista etnográfica, realizadas en el interior de dos escuelas de educación básica. A partir del concepto de capital social, este estudio ilustra cómo la diversidad en elementos étnicos, tales como el lenguaje, las creencias religiosas y el color de piel, propicia dificultades para la integración social en las escuelas chilenas, lo que a su vez genera experiencias de violencia y discriminación entre estudiantes. La relevancia de este trabajo radica en que aporta elementos importantes para entender las problemáticas que enfrentan las infancias migrantes en Chile.
Serum proteomics reveals high-affinity and convergent antibodies by tracking SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity to emerging variants of concern
Authors: Patel Anand , Lima Thiago , Carson Richard , Huang Qiulong , Bonissone Stefano R. , Castellana Natalie
Published: February 2025

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its continuing impact on human health has prompted the need for effective and rapid development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. In this study, we investigate polyclonal antibodies in serum and B cells from the whole blood of three donors with SARS-CoV-2 immunity to find high-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to escape variants. Serum IgG antibodies were selected by their affinity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and non-RBD sites on the spike protein of Omicron subvariant B.1.1.529 from each donor. Antibodies were analyzed by bottom-up mass spectrometry, and matched to single- and bulk-cell sequenced repertoires for each donor. The antibodies observed in serum were recombinantly expressed, and characterized to assess domain binding, cross-reactivity between different variants, and capacity to inhibit RBD binding to host protein. Donors infected with early Omicron subvariants had serum antibodies with subnanomolar affinity to RBD that also showed binding activity to a newer Omicron subvariant BQ.1.1. The donors also showed a convergent immune response. Serum antibodies and other single- and bulk-cell sequences were similar to publicly reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and the characterized serum antibodies had the same variant-binding and neutralization profiles as their reported public sequences. The serum antibodies analyzed were a subset of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the B cell repertoire, which demonstrates significant dynamics between the B cells and circulating antibodies in peripheral blood.
Identification of lipid metabolism related immune markers in atherosclerosis through machine learning and experimental analysis
Authors: Chen Hang , Wu Biao , Guan Kunyu , Chen Liang , Chai Kangjie , Ying Maoji , Li Dazhi , Zhao Weicheng
Published: February 2025

Background

Atherosclerosis is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease, and conventional diagnostic methods frequently fall short in the timely and accurate detection of early-stage atherosclerosis. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Consequently, the identification of new diagnostic markers is essential for the precise diagnosis of this condition.

Method

The datasets related to atherosclerosis utilized in this research were obtained from the GEO database (GSE2470, GSE24495, GSE100927 and GSE43292). The ssGSEA technique was first utilized to assess lipid metabolism scores in samples affected by atherosclerosis, thereby aiding in the discovery of important regulatory genes linked to lipid metabolism via WGCNA. Following this, differential expression analysis and functional evaluations were carried out, after which various machine learning approaches were employed to determine significant diagnostic genes for atherosclerosis. A diagnostic model was then developed and validated through several machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the binding affinity of these key markers with therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. The ssGSEA technique was also used to measure immune cell scores in atherosclerotic samples, aiding the exploration of the connection between key diagnostic markers and immune cells. Finally, the expression variations of the identified pivotal genes were confirmed through experimental validation.

Result

WGCNA identified 302 lipid metabolism-related genes in atherosclerotic samples, and functional analysis revealed that these genes are associated with multiple immune pathways. Through further differential analysis and screening using machine learning algorithms, APLNR, PCDH12, PODXL, SLC40A1, TM4SF18, and TNFRSF25 were identified as key diagnostic genes for atherosclerosis. The diagnostic model we constructed was confirmed to predict the occurrence of atherosclerosis with high accuracy, and molecular docking studies indicated that these six key diagnostic genes have potential as drug targets. Additionally, the ssGSEA algorithm further validated the association of these diagnostic genes with various immune cells. Finally, the expression levels of these six genes were experimentally confirmed.

Conclusion

Our study introduces novel lipid metabolism-related diagnostic markers for atherosclerosis and emphasizes their potential as immune-related drug targets. This research provides a valuable approach for the predictive diagnosis and targeted therapy of atherosclerosis.
Prevalence of pelagic diatoms and harmful algae in tellinid bivalve diets during record low sea ice in the Pacific Arctic determined by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Koch Chelsea W. , Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Cooper Lee W. , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. , Riddle-Berntsen Ann E. , Cornman Robert S.
Published: February 2025

Understanding changes at the base of the marine food web in the rapidly transforming Arctic is essential for predicting and evaluating ecosystem dynamics. The northern Bering Sea experienced record low sea ice in 2018, followed by the second lowest in 2019, highlighting the urgency of the issue for this region. In this study, we investigated the diet of the clam Macoma calcarea in the Pacific Arctic using DNA metabarcoding, employing 18S and rbcL markers to identify dietary components. Our findings revealed a strong dependence on pelagic diatoms, particularly Chaetoceros sp., with a near absence of ice algae in the clam diet. This pattern reflects the lack of lipid-rich ice algal production during these low sea ice events. Additionally, our analysis detected algae capable of producing harmful toxins, notably Alexandrium dinoflagellates, in the clam diet, underscoring the need for increased monitoring due to potential ecosystem and human health risks. This study demonstrates the utility of DNA metabarcoding in unraveling the complex dynamics of Arctic marine food webs and pelagic-benthic coupling, providing a glimpse of future conditions in a rapidly changing environment.
Efficacy and safety of small molecule drugs in the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris—A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Wei Kebo , Song Hongxia , Chen Xi , Yang Jiao , Zhao Jianmei , Jiang Yugu , He Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a chronic, scaly, keratotic skin disease, mainly manifested as scaly plaques and keratinized hair follicles. This condition significantly impacts the patient’s quality of life and is considered one of the intractable diseases in dermatology. Currently, no satisfactory clinical treatment options are available for this condition, presenting a considerable challenge for dermatologists. We conducted this systematic evaluation to assess the therapeutic potential of existing small molecule drugs for this disease.

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on the use of small molecule drugs for treating pityriasis rubra pilaris and to evaluate their clinical effectiveness and safety.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of all the literature on small molecule drugs for the treatment of Pityriasis rubra pilaris and searched several databases until November 2024, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library.

Results

A total of 16 patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris from 11 publications were included. The small molecule drugs, including apremilast, upadacitinib, abrocitinib, and tofacitinib, demonstrate good efficacy and safety in the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris across all ages, particularly in patients who have failed systemic therapy and have a poor response to biological agents. However, the conclusions are limited by the small sample size and need to be further confirmed through large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials.

Conclusion

Small molecule drugs demonstrate favorable clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of refractory pityriasis rubra pilaris, exhibiting a relatively rapid onset and a high safety profile. However, the findings in the literature may be affected by publication bias.
Bio-electrosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate and surfactants in microbial fuel cells: a preliminary study
Authors: Nastro Rosa Anna , Kuppam Chandrasekhar , Toscanesi Maria , Trifuoggi Marco , Pietrelli Andrea , Pasquale Vincenzo , Avignone-Rossa Claudio
Published: February 2025

Microbial Electrochemical Technology (MET) offers a promising avenue for CO2 utilization by leveraging the ability of chemolithotrophic microorganisms to use inorganic carbon in biosynthetic processes. By harnessing the power of electroactive bacteria, METs can facilitate the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic compounds. Therefore, this work combines biosurfactant production at the anode and PHB production at the cathode of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), while testing the efficiency of Microbial Electrosynthesis Cells (MECs), and traditional culture in liquid media. This study employed a consortium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1430/CO1 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, to provide reducing equivalents to Cupriavidus necator DSM428 for CO2 fixation and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. Glycerol was used as a carbon source by the anode consortium to investigate biosurfactant production. Additionally, Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) was employed to enhance the efficiency of this process to develop biofilms capable of synthesizing PHB from CO2 in MFCs under a controlled gas atmosphere (10% CO2, 10% O2, 2% H2, 78% N2). Observed results showed a higher direct CO2 removal from the gas mix in MECs (73%) than in MFCs (65%) compared to control cultures. Anionic (18.8 mg/L) and non-ionic (14.6 mg/L) surfactants were primarily present at the anodes of MFCs. Confocal microscope analysis revealed that the accumulation of PHBs in C. necator was significantly higher in MFCs (73% of cell volume) rather than in MECs (23%) and control cultures (40%). Further analyses on metabolites in the different systems are ongoing. Our data gave evidence that the anode consortium was able to provide enough electrons to sustain the chemolithotrophic growth of C. necator and the biosynthesis of PHBs at the cathode of MFCs, in a mechanism suggestive of the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), naturally occurring in natural environment.
Effects of partial silage replacement with corn stover pellets on the rumen microbiota and serum metabolome of breeding cows
Authors: Jiao Chenyue , Cui Changze , Qi Youpeng , Zhang Meixian , Zhao Pengcheng , Chen Shaopeng , Wang Xiangyan , Hu Jiang , Shi Bingang , Liu Ting , Zhao Zhidong , Zhao Fangfang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Straw pellet ration replacing part of silage is of great significance for farmers to save farming costs and solve the lack of feed resources. A comprehensive analysis of rumen microbial and serum metabolite compositions is conducted to promote the development of the modern breeding cows-feeding industry.

Methods

In this study, 18 healthy 2-year-old Simmental breeding cows weighing 550 ± 20 kg were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed under the same feeding conditions for 70 days, of which 8 in the control (CON) group were fed 65% roughage (100% silage) + 35% concentrate, and 10 in the treatment (TRT) group were fed 65% roughage (50% corn stover pellets +50% silage) + 35% concentrate, and milk quality, serum immunity indexes, serum metabolomes, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen Microorganisms.

Results

The results showed that there was no significant difference in production performance between the two groups of breeding cows fed hay and Corn stover pellet feed (p < 0.05); Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was significantly higher in TRT compared to CON (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) between the two groups (p > 0.05); a total of 92 differential metabolites were screened out in the serum metabolomics analysis, among them, L-valine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan were up-regulated; In rumen fermentation parameters there was no significant difference between CON and TRT in rumen pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, rumen Acetic/Propionic concentration (p > 0.05), and the concentration of Acetic, Propionic, butyric and Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in CON was significantly lower than that in TRT (p < 0.05). Among the rumen microorganisms, the dominant groups were Thick-walled Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Prevotella and Ruminalococcus. In the correlation analysis between rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms, Propionic and TVFA showed a significant positive correlation with Prevotella (p < 0.05), butyric showed a highly significant positive correlation with Prevotella (p < 0.01), and propionic butyric, and TVFA showed a positive correlation with Bacteroides (p < 0.05); L-cysteine was significantly positively correlated with Prevotella and Anaeroplasma (p < 0.05) and Eubaterium in rumen microbial-serum metabolite correlation analysis (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The microbial and metabolomic analyses provide us with essential data support to further provide a scientific basis for breeding cows feeding through the feeding pattern of straw pellets instead of silage, which will help breeding cows farming in future research.
Determining the Bordetella LPS structural features that influence TLR4 downstream signaling
Authors: Manivannan Kiruthika , Fathy Mohamed Yasmine , Fernandez Rachel C.
Published: February 2025

Upon recognizing bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), human TLR4 initiates two distinct signaling pathways: the MyD88 pathway from the cell surface or the TRIF pathway following endocytosis. While the first is associated with strong pro-inflammatory responses, the latter is linked to dendritic cell maturation and T cell priming. Changes in LPS structure can influence the activation of either or both pathways. This study investigates the influence of specific structural features of Bordetella LPS on these pathways: the O antigen, the number of acyl chains in lipid A and the glucosamine modification of the phosphates of the lipid A diglucosamine backbone. Systematically engineered Bordetella LPS differing in one or more of these features were studied by quantifying NFκB and IRF3 activation—indicators of MyD88 and TRIF pathway activation, respectively. The findings reveal that the glucosamine modification of lipid A plays a dominant role in TLR4-mediated signaling, overriding the influence of the O antigen and lipid A acylation. The absence of glucosamine modification significantly reduced the activation of both MyD88 and TRIF pathways, underscoring its importance in promoting TLR4 dimerization. Furthermore, under-acylation of LPS (with 4 or 5 acyl chains) partially reduced NFκB activation, while completely abrogating TRIF pathway activation. In contrast, hexa-and hepta-acylated LPS equally and robustly activated both pathways. Lastly, the Bordetella O antigen selectively biased signaling towards the TRIF pathway without affecting the MyD88 pathway. This study provides valuable insights into how specific LPS structural modifications can be leveraged to tailor TLR4-mediated signaling.
The impact of frequency-specific music stimulation on consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Yang Haitao , Huang Wenhao , Wen Wei , Long Shoufeng , Zhang Yujie , Chi Xiangfeng , Luo Daihong
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of frequency-specific music stimulation on the awareness and brain connectivity in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC).

Methods

A total of 25 DOC patients were exposed to auditory stimulation through music at varying frequencies (low: <0.5 Hz, middle: 0.5 Hz–3.5 kHz, high: >3.5 kHz). Brain responses were assessed using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor objective markers of brain activity. The analysis focused on effective connectivity and coupling strength (CS) values in response to different frequency stimulations, targeting regions such as the motor and somatosensory cortices.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 49.4 years, with an average coma duration of 1.96 months. While no significant differences were observed in general brain arousal across different frequency stimuli, notable differences in effective connectivity were identified. High-frequency stimulation resulted in significantly higher CS values in the right primary motor cortex (p < 0.05), while middle-frequency stimulation showed significant effects in the right primary somatosensory cortex (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that middle- and high-frequency music stimulation may enhance effective connectivity in specific brain regions, potentially contributing to the rehabilitation of DOC patients. These results indicate that frequency-specific music could stimulate motor networks and areas associated with autobiographical memory, highlighting its therapeutic potential in promoting awareness in this patient population.
High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in extracranial cervical artery dissection
Authors: Shao Sai , Wang Guangbin
Published: February 2025

Extracranial cervical artery dissection (eCAD) is the second leading cause of stroke in young and middle-aged adults. Clinical management strategies for eCAD are continuously being explored and optimized, as revealed by the recently published CADISS and TREAT-CAD studies. The type of drug, dosage, and timing of administration can affect the regression of carotid artery dissection and the risk of recurrence of stroke. Based on imaging evidence, it is important to develop individualized treatment strategies for different risk groups. Currently, High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) technology has made significant progress in the qualitative diagnosis of eCAD, vascular lesion progression, and the assessment of recurring ischemic stroke risk. To better understand the pathogenesis and progression of eCAD using MR-VWI, a comprehensive review is presented here.
Different factors modulate visceral and subcutaneous fat accumulation in adults: a single-center study in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Camila Lima , da Silva Nadja Fernandes , Rodrigues Isa Galvão , Arcoverde Gabriela Maria Pereira Floro , Ferraz Victoria Domingues , Sobral Filho Dário Celestino , Diniz Alcides da Silva , Pinho Cláudia Porto Sabino , Cabral Poliana Coelho , de Arruda Ilma Kruze Grande
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal adipose tissue consists of visceral and subcutaneous fat deposits, each with unique metabolic and functional properties. Identifying the characteristics that influence different obesity phenotypes can support targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective

To identify predictive factors associated with visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study including adults of both sexes aged ≥20 years under outpatient care in a public healthcare service in Northeast Brazil. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured via ultrasound. Anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral variables were incorporated into the predictive model.

Results

A total of 347 individuals were included. They were median age of 47.0 years (interquartile range: 39.0 to 56.0). Visceral obesity was found in 79.3% of the sample. Adjusted analysis demonstrated that physical inactivity (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.7; p = 0.023) and elevated waist circumference (WC) (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.6–15.8 p < 0.001) were associated with VAT accumulation. Alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of SAT accumulation by 2.2 times (95% CI 1.3–3.7; p = 0.005), while elevated WC raised this likelihood by 4.5 times (95% CI 2.1–9.8; p < 0.001). The VAT/SAT ratio was significantly higher in older adults (OR 5.5; 95%CI 2.0–14.8; p = 0.001), among individuals of Mixed Race and Black, those with lower educational levels (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.1–5.2; p = 0.028), and in diabetics (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.2–4.9; p = 0.017).

Conclusion

Distinct factors influence visceral and subcutaneous obesity. Sedentary behavior emerged as an independent predictor of visceral obesity, while alcohol consumption was associated with a subcutaneous obesity pattern. Diabetes and sociodemographic factors (older age, non-White race, and lower education) were predictive of an elevated VAT/SAT ratio.
Protective effect of dietary phosphorus intake on cardiovascular mortality in asthma: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Yang Shuwen , Chen Haiyan , Xie Congyi , Zhang Ning
Published: February 2025

Background

Asthma is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, potentially influenced by dietary phosphorus intake through its effects on inflammation and oxidative stress.

Methods

Data from 7,539 asthma patients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 cohort were analyzed using weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a nomogram were used to assess survival probabilities and individualized risk, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis evaluated non-linear dose-response relationships. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the findings.

Results

Higher dietary phosphorus intake was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; p for trend = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier curves showed improved survival with increasing phosphorus intake, a result consistently supported by subgroup analyses. RCS analysis confirmed a non-linear dose-response relationship, identifying a threshold at 1,861.52 mg/day, below which higher phosphorus intake was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. However, above this threshold, the protective effect diminished. Sensitivity analyses further validated these results.

Conclusion

Elevated dietary phosphorus intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in asthma patients, suggesting its potential as a dietary intervention.
Advancements in the application of artificial intelligence in the field of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Mengying , Zhai Zhenzhu , Wang Yue , Chen Fang , Liu Ruibin , Yang Xiaoquan , Zhao Guohua
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor in the digestive system. As reported in the 2020 global cancer statistics, CRC accounted for more than 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths, making it the third most common cancer worldwide in terms of incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. This poses a significant threat to global public health. Early screening methods, such as fecal occult blood tests, colonoscopies, and imaging techniques, are crucial for detecting early lesions and enabling timely intervention before cancer becomes invasive. Early detection greatly enhances treatment possibilities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, with surgery being the main approach for treating early-stage CRC. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown immense potential in revolutionizing CRC management, serving as one of the most effective screening tools. AI, utilizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, improves early detection, diagnosis, and treatment by processing large volumes of medical data, uncovering hidden patterns, and forecasting disease development. DL, a more advanced form of ML, simulates the brain’s processing power, enhancing the accuracy of tumor detection, differentiation, and prognosis predictions. These innovations offer the potential to revolutionize cancer care by boosting diagnostic accuracy, refining treatment approaches, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Compound cancer with small cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Wan , Hu Hui , Huang Genhua , Wu Xiaoyun , Zhu Yichen , Yang Tian , Tao Xin , Tan Buzhen
Published: February 2025

Primary small cell carcinoma of the ovary is an extremely rare and highly malignant ovarian malignancy. The tissue origin of this type of cancer is still unclear, and it is characterized by rapid progression and a discouraging prognosis. The clinical presentation of small cell carcinoma of the ovary lacks specificity, and there are currently no effective treatment options available. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the understanding and identification of this disease. In this paper, we present a case of composite small cell carcinoma of the ovary with mucinous adenocarcinoma and provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature.
New biomarkers and multiplex tests for diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer and therapy management
Authors: Kral Milan , Kurfurstova Daniela , Zemla Pavel , Elias Martin , Bouchal Jan
Published: February 2025

Despite improving diagnostic possibilities, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, but we are not able to reduce the mortality rate. While PSA, 4K score, PCA3 and other urinary markers, ExoDX, SelectMDX, Confirm MDx or MiPS tests are used to identify potential prostate cancer carriers, Decipher, Prolaris or Oncotype DX tests are used to assess the aggressiveness of proven cancer in order to stratify patients for early or delayed treatment. More modern forms of treatment for advanced disease include second-generation antiandrogens and PARP inhibitors. By assessing genetic mutations (e.g. BRCA1, BRCA2 genes, single nucleotide polymorphism) or the presence of splice variants of the androgen receptor (ARV7), we are able to identify patients in whom the planned treatment may be expected to be ineffective and thus choose other treatment modalities. In the present review article, we offer a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic tests that find application in the diagnosis of early and advanced prostate cancer.
Connexin hemichannels and early atrophic signaling in muscle during sepsis
Authors: Balboa Elisa , Saavedra Fujiko , Cea Luis A. , Vargas Aníbal A. , Regueira Tomás , Sáez Juan C.
Published: February 2025

Sepsis pathogenesis is complex, and effective treatments are limited, leading to high mortality rates between 20% and 55%. Early identification of factors contributing to sepsis-related muscle dysfunction is critical for risk stratification and potential therapeutic development. The immune response during sepsis affects skeletal muscles, contributing to organ dysfunction and worsening prognosis. In this study, we explore the role of connexin hemichannels (Cx HCs) in the early changes in muscle homeostasis during sepsis. Using a cecal ligature and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model, we assessed IL-6 levels, weight loss, myofiber cross-sectional area, resting membrane potential, and connexin expression in control and Cx43/Cx45-deficient mice. CLP induced IL-6 elevation, sarcolemma permeabilization, reduced membrane potential, and activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in control mice, while Cx43/45-deficient mice exhibited reduced all CLP-induced muscle alterations. These findings suggest that Cx43 and Cx45 are involved in the early development of muscle alterations during sepsis.
Does living alone exacerbate depression in older adults?
Authors: Wang Haolin , Sun Bing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Living alone, which has become increasingly common in China, weakens the emotional connections between parents and children—fundamental family functions in Confucianism. This trend has raised concerns regarding depression among older adults living alone. Numerous researchers have evaluated the influence of living alone on depression among older adults in different cultures. However, the consensus has yet to be reached.

Methods

This study adopted a fixed effects model to analyze three sets of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study based on different family cultures reflected by living arrangements.

Results

Living alone reduced depression among older adults by 0.267 (CES-D, 10–40). The effects of living alone on depression among older adults predominantly originate from living close to their children. This lifestyle effectively balances the need for individual independence and the demand for maintaining tight family relationships and reconciles intergenerational family conflict. Differences between rural and urban areas were also identified. This search indicated that living alone improved depression in rural older adults; however, no significant effects were found for urban older adults.

Discussion

As living close to their children is conducive to improving depression among older adults, policymakers are advised to focus on local employment. Special emphasis should be placed on incentivizing migrant workers to return to their rural hometowns for entrepreneurship or employment.
Lower creatinine levels are associated with an increased risk of depression: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Fajin , Zhong Xiaogang , Wang Cuiting
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Previous studies have found that depressive patients tend to have low levels of creatinine; however, the extent to which creatinine levels are associated with depression has been poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between creatinine levels and depression.

Methods

The participants and follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), as well as metabolomics data from the Metabolite Network of Depression Database (MENDA), were collected. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess the severity of depression. Spearman correlation analysis, spline regression, and binary logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between creatinine levels and depression.

Results

A total of 7,826 participants and 3,886 follow-up participants were included in the CHARLS 2011 and 2015 surveys. Of these, 37.9% (2,966/7,826) and 34.6% (13,44/3,886) of participants experienced depression in CHARLS 2011 and 2015, respectively. The creatinine level was negatively correlated with the total CESD-10 score and dimensions scores, showing an inverse dose–response relationship between creatinine levels and depression. Compared with participants with high creatinine levels, those with middle creatinine levels were associated with a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08–1.38), while participants with low creatinine levels had the highest risk of depression (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.13–1.49) in the fully adjusted model. Similar results were observed in the follow-up data, and the MENDA metabolomics data validated the negative correlation between creatinine levels and the severity of depression.

Conclusion

Lower levels of creatinine were closely associated with a higher risk of depression, and it could serve as a potential marker for identifying individuals at high risk of depression.
Age tourism: going beyond health and “triple S” tourism toward a new request of journey
Authors: Carrera Letizia
Published: February 2025

For many decades, the large part of developed countries has been experiencing the progressive ageing of their populations. This quantitative change is also accompanied by a qualitative shift in social representations of the third age. Within these changes, a fundamental role is played by the desire to experience opportunities for socializing, leisure, and culture that can shape a new and more complex concept of well-being. Within this context, tourism experience plays a crucial role. The focus is therefore on the new characteristics of senior tourism and the conditions under which it can represent a full and satisfying experience, going beyond the classic offerings of “sun, sand, and sea” or medical tourism. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted, revealing a typology of individuals that can serve as a useful reference for the tourism market to diversifying its offerings.
Applying the Holacracy and Company Democracy Models to the Public Sector: A Critical Analysis of Implementation in the Indian Ministry of Education
Authors: Bhoi Chaitrali Anil , Markopoulos Evangelos , Markopoulos Georgios , Nandi Akash
Published: February 2025

This paper explores and compares two participatory management approaches—the Company Democracy Model and Holacracy—for their application within the Indian Ministry of Education. It emphasizes the need for innovative organizational techniques in the management of the public sector, particularly in light of the dynamic demands posed by the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The study evaluates how these approaches enhance employee engagement and improve the quality of deliverables. Lewin’s Field Force Analysis is utilized to examine the organization’s strategy. The study employs Kotter’s Change Model to assess the applicability of Holacracy—a decentralized, project-oriented system, characterized by its dynamic and self-organizing structures. This model is analyzed for its potential to meet the Ministry’s shifting priorities and to foster adaptability through autonomous teams. Conversely, the Company Democracy Model, which emphasizes employee-centric growth and decision-making within a tiered, spiral framework, is evaluated using the ADKAR Change Model. This model’s compatibility with the Ministry’s hierarchical structure and its potential to enhance participatory governance are key areas of focus. The study contributes novel insights by integrating change management theories with a refined presentation of the CDM pyramid and by introducing specific performance metrics for both models. By combining theoretical frameworks with practical applications, this paper offers a sustainable governance model suited to dynamic organizational environments.
The Beneficial Relationship Between Marketing Services and Schools
Authors: Palla Eleftheria , Serdaris Panagiotis , Antoniadis Ioannis , Spinthiropoulos Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

The modern literature examines the debate concerning the influence of modern marketing services in schools. In this context, the need arises to evaluate how educational marketing finds resonance in secondary schools and how this is beneficial to the school community. This study examined the mediating role of educational marketing in schools, focusing on whether schools adopt its principles with consideration for the needs of students and parents and whether these efforts have been embraced by the entire school community. Data were collected from 350 teachers who work in public schools in Greece. t-tests were used to test the hypotheses under review. The results detected a strong relationship between modern marketing services and the educational process.
Exact Separation of Purely Short-Period Effects and Mean Variations in the Main Problem of Artificial Satellite Theory
Authors: Lara Martin
Published: February 2025

It is well known that mean elements obtained by canonical perturbation theory only agree partially with the average dynamics of the osculating orbit. While this fact does not necessarily compromise the accuracy of corresponding perturbation solutions, the loose use of the terminology “mean elements” in artificial satellite theory may obscure the understanding of the variety of available solutions in the literature, and thus make the implementation of additional patches to increase their performance ambiguous. We resort to noncanonical perturbation methods, and, for the main problem of artificial satellite theory (the J2-problem), compute the purely periodic, noncanonical, mean-to-osculating transformation that yields the exact separation between short- and long-period variations up to the second order of the zonal harmonic of the second degree. To our knowledge this transformation is new and was long-awaited by software developers in order to improve operational orbit propagation tools based on semianalytical integration. It is also shown that this kind of noncanonical solution confines the long-period oscillations of the semimajor axis in the mean variation equations.
Available Nitrogen as the Determinant of Variability in Soil Microbial Communities Throughout Lycium chinense Growth Zones in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai, China
Authors: Su Qianqian , Li Jie , Wang Jingui , Li Gang , Sun Yang , Liu Xiaoqin , Luo Lan , Wang Xinrui , Zhang Guilong
Published: February 2025

Understanding the compositional and functional dynamics of soil microbial communities is crucial for optimizing soil fertility and promoting agricultural sustainability. In this study, the spatial variability of soil properties and microbial communities was investigated across four Lycium chinense growing regions (Golmud, Dengle, Delingha and Ulan) around Qaidam Basin in China, aiming to explore their relationships and implications for soil management. Soil samples were collected from four Lycium chinense growing regions around the Qaidam Basin, China, and analyzed for changes in bacterial and fungal communities using high-throughput amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region, respectively. The results showed spatial heterogeneity of soil fertility around the Qinghai Basin. The soil organic matter peaked at 17.89 g/kg in WL, compared to a low of 6.72 g/kg in GLMD, while soil nitrate concentrations reached a maximum of 188.91 mg/kg in WL versus 47.48 mg/kg in GLMD. The soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations emerged as a key factor influencing the β-diversity of microbial communities, despite having no significant effect on α-diversity. Through network analysis and Z-P plots, 53 keystone microbial taxa such as Truepera, Metarhizium, and Gemmatimonas were identified, which were closely associated with nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, suggesting essential roles in nitrogen cycling and ecosystem stability. Furthermore, the nutrient-rich eastern regions had more complex microbial co-occurrence networks and a greater abundance of keystone microbial species compared to the nutrient-poor western regions. In conclusion, this study offers insights into soil management to enhance soil health and promote sustainable agricultural production in high-altitude areas.