bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of antimicrobial nonwoven fabrics based on recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) fibers on industrial scale
Authors: Shalaby Samy E , Al-Balakocy Naser Gad , Elshakankery Mahmoud H , Beliakova Margaretia K
Published: September 2024

One of the ultimate goals of this article is to produce antimicrobial polyester nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. Therefore, the adaptation and development of pilot conditions for imparting polyester textile materials antimicrobial properties is highly needed. This will pave the way for establishment a technological package for the production of antimicrobial polyester nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. The effect of semi-industrial scale treatment conditions, mainly antimicrobial substrate (AS) concentration, duration, and temperature on the (%) colony forming unit (CFU) reduction after treatment with aqueous solutions of AS was examined. The antimicrobial activity of treated with AS fibers against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans was investigated using the shake flask method. All PET fibers bounded with AS showed outstanding antimicrobial activities against the previously mentioned three microorganisms. In fact the % of CFU reduction for all PET samples were significant, whereas it was null for the parent fibers.
Characterization of goat fiber physical properties from indigenous Ethiopian goat breeds
Authors: Assefa Alemayehu , Admas Anmen
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to characterize the physical properties of goat fibers from some indigenous Ethiopian goat breeds. Ethiopia has different indigenous goat breeds, which are the livelihood of Ethiopian farmers and are mainly used as a source of meat, milk, fiber, hides, etc. The fiber samples were collected from Abergelle, Central Highland, and Western Lowland indigenous Ethiopian goat breeds. After shearing, scouring was applied for the removal of some impurities using ionic and non-ionic detergents and chemicals. In this study, fiber length, fineness, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber diameter were evaluated using scientific test-standard methods. The study results showed that the average tensile strengths of goat fibers obtained from Abergelle, Central Highland, and Western Lowland were 13.38, 13.31, and 13.26 cN/Tex, respectively. Similarly, the elongation percentage values were found between 22% and 24% and 32% and 34% in dry and wet conditions, respectively. The moisture regain and moisture content values ranged from 14.04% to 14.10% and 12.61% to 12.68%, respectively. The fiber length values were between 38 and 43 mm, with a diameter ranging from 18 to 21 μm. Even though there was a slight difference in some values of physical properties, the fibers obtained from each goat breed have satisfactory mechanical properties: good strength, fineness, elongation, moisture regain, and low density. Generally, this study proved that the goat fiber obtained from some indigenous Ethiopian goat breeds is a potential source of raw material for textile manufacturers and researchers.
Selective intra-arterial hypothermia combined with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alturki Fahad , Alkhiri Ahmed , Alsulami Bander , Alotaibi Fawaz F. , Alamri Aser F. , AlRuhaymi Bader , Bakhuraybah Elyas M. , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Alhazzani Adel , Almekhlafi Mohammed A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Systemic therapeutic hypothermia may improve outcomes after acute ischemic stroke but increases complications. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia at the ischemic site during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) theoretically offers benefits with fewer risks. However, there is little clinical evidence to support this approach.

Methods

We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases for studies evaluating the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia as an adjunct to EVT for large vessel occlusion (LVO). Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed-effect model. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed for binary variables, while the mean differences (MDs) were pooled for continuous data.

Results

Of identified records, five clinical studies involving 463 LVO patients (62.9% male) were included. Of those, 224 (48.4%) patients received adjuvant selective intra-arterial hypothermia, while 239 (51.6%) received EVT alone. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia resulted in higher rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2 at 90-days) (OR 2.07, [95% CI, 1.36 to 3.16]), and lower final infarct volume (MD, −20.96 ml [95% CI, −26.17 to −15.75]) and lower rates of severe disability (mRS 3–5 at 90 days) (OR 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.75]). Safety parameters including rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, pneumonia, coagulation abnormalities, and arterial spasm were comparable between groups.

Conclusions

The initial evidence supports the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia when combined with EVT for LVO. This approach shows promise for advancing research on neuroprotective strategies for ischemic stroke.
A reinforcement learning based sliding mode control for passive upper-limb exoskeleton
Authors: Hfaiedh Afef , Jellali Amal , Khraief Nahla , Belghith Safya
Published: September 2024

Rehabilitation devices such as actuated exoskeletons can provide mobility assistance for patients suffering from paralysis or muscle weakness. In order to improve the well-being of patients, the control design of exoskeletons is of paramount importance and highest priority. In this paper, we present a sliding reinforcement learning (RL) method control for an upper-limb exoskeleton, enabling it to learn following a desired trajectory in the Cartesian space. The deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) using an actor-critic architecture is employed to continuously adjust the non-singular terminal sliding mode control (NSTSMC) control inputs, based on previous experiences. The designed actor network learns the policy and the critic evaluates the quality of the actions chosen by the actor. The robustness of the proposed approach is studied when the system is subjected to random disturbances. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach based on the RL method effectively fulfills exoskeleton tracking tasks. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the standard NSTSMC, computed torque (CT), and RL-based CT shows the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of position tracking error. These findings are further confirmed by various performance evaluation metrics.
‘I felt . . . caged’: Victims of hate crime and their negotiation of space
Authors: Garratt Lindsey , Haynes Amanda , Schweppe Jennifer
Published: September 2024

This article considers the modes by which hate crime shapes targeted groups’ engagement with public space. It breaks new ground by drawing on spatial concepts and embodiment theory, to consider the geographic dimensions of hate crime. The ways in which targeted groups negotiate, restrict and curtail their movements, and attempt to conceal their targeted identities, in public are detailed. We argue victims experience a profound sense of dislocation from their local communities. This is explored by focussing on the spatial consequences of hate crime for victims, both at the material level, through the restriction of their physical movement, and also somatically, through feelings of restriction inculcated into victims’ affective being. Drawing on inductive qualitative fieldwork conducted in Ireland, we consider some of the particularities of the Irish case while also advocating for a wider understanding of the link between space and hate crime.
The effectiveness of chalk as a friction modifier for finger pad contact with rocks of varying roughness
Authors: Clarke Benjamin P , Tomlinson Katherine , Karunakaran Amitha , Canden Ahranee , Slatter Janet , Slatter Tom , Carré Matt , Lewis Roger
Published: September 2024

The application of chalk (magnesium carbonate) in rock climbing is common practice as climbers attempt to improve their grip by removing moisture from their hands with the aim of increasing friction at the finger pad-rock interface. This novel work investigated the effectiveness of chalk as a friction modifier on four different rocks (sandstone, granite, dark limestone and light limestone) typically found in areas of the UK where the sport of climbing is undertaken, with varying surface roughness. The static coefficient of friction was measured for dry and wet fingertip conditions with and without chalk, under normal (‘grip’) forces of 5, 10 and 15 N. Results showed that the effectiveness of chalk as a friction modifier is dependent on a number of factors such as moisture level and the gradient of the asperity at the rock surface, however, in general chalk applied to dry fingertips had a more positive effect on the static coefficient of friction than in simulated sweaty conditions. During lab tests, chalk was also seen to be beneficial by making the static coefficient of friction more consistent across most test conditions. The results of this study, and the explanation of friction mechanisms involved, provides guidance for the use of chalk with consideration of the type of rock which is being climbed.
Fifteen Years of Research on Customer Loyalty Formation: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Model
Authors: So Kevin Kam Fung , Yang Yang , Li Xiang (Robert)
Published: September 2024

Despite extensive research on loyalty formation, findings regarding interrelationships between loyalty and its key drivers, such as perceived service quality, perceived value, and customer satisfaction, are inconclusive and often contradictory. To provide more definitive statements about these relationships, we synthesized and analyzed findings from 153 articles published in eight top-tier tourism and hospitality journals between 2006 and 2020 using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. We also confirmed that five- and seven-point Likert-type scales did not generate significant differences in the effect size of correlational measures. A further comparison of four theoretically postulated competing models strongly supports the full mediation model. Our results suggest that customer satisfaction fully mediates the effects of perceived service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty, whereas perceived service quality directly influences perceived value. This study contributes to the literature by reconciling and synthesizing inconclusive findings from prior research.
Comprehensive study of ancient schwannoma: Exploring histomorphological diversity and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Venkataramana Chaithra Gowthuvalli , Gupta Soumya , Nayak Rakshatha , KM Sinchana , Rai Sharada , Rao Ranjitha
Published: September 2024

Background: Ancient schwannoma is a rare subtype of schwannoma characterized by an extended duration of development and distinctive degenerative changes. These changes encompass relative loss of Antoni type A areas, perivascular hyalinization, hemorrhage, cystic necrosis, calcification, and the presence of atypical nuclei that can mimic sarcomatous pleomorphism. These histologic features often lead to diagnostic challenges, with ancient schwannomas frequently being misdiagnosed as malignant tumors. Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the histomorphological spectrum observed in ancient schwannoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 248 schwannoma cases received at our tertiary health centre, spanning the years 2017 to 2023. Among these cases, 25 were identified as ancient schwannoma. Extensive examination of degenerative changes was performed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin-embedded tissue sections under light microscopy. Results: Patient ages ranged from 22 to 82 years, with a nearly equal distribution between genders (12 females and 13 males). Tumors were located in various anatomical sites including the forearm, brain, abdomen, retroperitoneum, intradural space, lumbar region, and pelvis. Tumor dimensions varied from 1.5 to 11 cm. Histologically, most cases exhibited nuclear atypia, cystic changes, hemorrhage, and siderophages, along with perivascular hyalinization, myxoid change, calcification, and xanthomatous change. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the neural origin of these tumors. Conclusion: Recognition of the diverse spectrum of secondary changes, coupled with the presence of focal areas showing paucicellular and cellular spindle cell arrangements, is crucial for the accurate diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. This study underscores the importance of histomorphological evaluation in distinguishing these benign tumors from malignant counterparts, thereby guiding appropriate clinical management strategies.
An Unusual Culprit: Syncope in an Adolescent With Congenital Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia
Authors: Sang Charlie J. , Khoury Audrey , Yeung Michael , Caranasos Thomas G. , Frantz Elman G.
Published: September 2024

There are fewer than 100 reported cases of congenital left main coronary artery atresia. In this report, we present an adolescent male presenting with exertional syncope in the setting of this rare coronary defect, and review important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations imperative to obtain a favorable outcome.
Incorporating Technology in the Wilderness
Authors: Beeland Emily , Mejia Cynthia
Published: September 2024

This case examines a challenge faced by outdoor-based accommodations and attractions regarding guest service technological expectations through the lens of copresence and technology dependence. Given the remote nature of these types of locations and lack of viable infrastructure, it can be difficult for guests and employees alike to work and play without technology such as Wi-Fi or cellular access. Additionally, the case shows how upper management and governmental entities in charge of national park tourism attempt to address the inclusion of technology access within a natural setting. The case discusses various solutions—such as utilizing a paid internet service at multiple lodges within the park or “disguised” cellular towers. However, determining the appropriate solution can be difficult, as management and other stakeholders need to balance technological guest satisfaction with preserving the natural space of the park and the wilderness that attract guests to the destination. As seen within the case, guests respond both positively and negatively to the lack of technological access within the park, which results in a challenging situation for park management to resolve.
Association between hypercholesterolemia and isolated and simultaneous consumption of ultra-processed foods in older adults
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme José Silva , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Pinto André de Araújo
Published: September 2024

Background:

Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases and mortality, with potential physiological mechanisms including elevated serum cholesterol levels.

Objectives:

To analyze the association between hypercholesterolemia and the isolated and simultaneous consumption of UPFs in older adults.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 1322 Brazilian older adults (mean age of 70.4 years; 55.0% females) from the state of Roraima. The data was obtained from the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of the State of Roraima. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed based on nosology criteria. Food consumption patterns were assessed using a nationally standardized instrument comprising four categories of UPFs. Binary logistic regression models were employed to explore potential associations.

Results:

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was high (54.4%, 95% CI 51.7–56.6). While the simultaneous consumption of all UPFs types was lower (15.2%), over half of the older adults reported consuming at least one type of UPFs (71.8%). Isolated consumption of UPFs was associated with approximately twice the odds of hypercholesterolemia. Older adults who consumed two (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.26–2.43), three (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58–3.29), or all four types of UPF (OR 6.65, 95% CI 4.35–9.44) had a higher likelihood of having hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusions:

Isolated consumption of UPFs is a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, which can increase up to sixfold when older adults consume multiple UPFs simultaneously. Prioritizing nutritional education and raising awareness regarding the reduction of UPFs consumption is crucial.
Vanillin loaded-physically crosslinked PVA/chitosan/itaconic membranes for topical wound healing applications
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , Kamoun Elbadawy A , Elsigeny Samia M , Heikal Samira , El-Shehawy Ashraf A , Mahmoud Yehia A-G
Published: September 2024

Vanillin loaded-physically crosslinked hydrogel membranes made of PVA/chitosan/itaconic acid (PVA-CS-IA) were prepared using freezing-thawing (F-T) cycle method. To ensure the entanglement of PVA-CS-IA chains, three F-T cycles were repeated. The polymeric chains entanglements were confirmed and characterized by different instrumental characterizations. Physicochemical properties for example, swelling ratio, mechanical characteristics, gel fraction percentage (GF%), hydrolytic degradation, and thermal stability of PVA-CS-IA membrane were discussed in detail. The findings showed that the swelling ratio, mechanical characteristics, and hydrolytic degradation of the crosslinked membranes enhanced with increasing CS-IA contents in membranes composition; however, GF% gradually declined with CS-IA content. Additionally, cell viability test using HFB-4 cell line and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using MTT assay and the bacterium growth inhibition percentage method; respectively. Notably, with varying incubation durations and membrane concentrations, all examined constructed hydrogels showed significant cell survival percentages. The findings supported the notion that produced hydrogel membranes might be used in a professional setting as antibacterial dressings or biomaterials for quick wound healing rate.
Factors Associated With HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers at a University Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pratima Wenju , Visudtibhan Poolsuk Janepanish , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite advancements in HIV treatment modalities, HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers (HCPs) persists, impacting people living with HIV.

Methodology

A cross-sectional research design with a non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to assess HIV-related stigma, and its association with individual characteristic, fear, and knowledge of HIV among 100 HCPs at a university hospital in Nepal.

Results

The average age was 29.83 years, with work experience of 84.24 months. The fear score was 14.11, and the HIV knowledge score was 36.74. The stigma reflected a moderate stance. Age ( rs = −0.22, P < .05) and work experience ( rs = −0.29, P < .01) negatively correlated with stigma, while fear positively correlated ( rs = 0.45, P < .01), and no correlation was observed with HIV knowledge.

Conclusion

HCPs’ age, work experience, fear, and marital status are linked to HIV-related stigma. Interventions should tailor stigma reduction strategies considering these factors.
Racial Differences in Respiratory Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Jenkinson Allan , Bhat Ravindra , Greenough Anne
Published: September 2024

Objectives. The role of race in late preterm respiratory morbidity has not been adequately described. We aimed to determine whether neonatal respiratory morbidity differs between Black and White late preterm infants. Methods. Single-centre retrospective cohort study at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK of infants born at 34 to <37 weeks of gestational age. The incidence of invasive ventilation was used as the main outcome. Results. In the study period 354 Black and 673 White late preterm infants were admitted. Black, compared to white infants, had a lower incidence of invasive ventilation (19% vs 27%, P < .001) and a lower incidence of non-invasive ventilation (22% vs 34%, P < .001). Black infants had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White infants ( P = .011 and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion. Black late preterm infants needed less frequently invasive and non-invasive ventilation and had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White late preterm infants.
Resident Perceptions of Simulcast Teaching: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Casas Rachel S. , Cooper Jennifer L. , Glod Susan A. , Hempel Eliana V.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES

During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education programs were challenged to optimize learning while balancing social interaction with exposure risk. In response, our internal medicine (IM) residency program transitioned to “simulcast” educational sessions. In simulcast sessions, multiple small groups of learners met in person in separate rooms and connected to the large-group session via videoconferencing. This qualitative study describes IM residents’ perceptions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of learning in simulcast compared to virtual and in-person settings during the pandemic.

METHODS

Categorical IM residents at Penn State during the academic year 2020-2021 were invited to participate. Eligible residents participated in one 30-min virtual, semistructured focus group. We used inductive thematic coding to analyze resident responses.

RESULTS

Forty-eight percent ( n = 29/60) of invited residents participated in focus groups. In the simulcast setting, participants felt more accountability to participate in their small groups compared to a larger group or virtual setting. Educational experiences varied based upon facilitator skill level. Overall, in-person settings were preferred to virtual, when possible, due to increased social connection. Respondents identified educator enthusiasm and presentation quality as key to engagement regardless of setting.

CONCLUSION

Residents had variable responses to the simulcast setting based upon their comfort with participation by group size, desire for social connection, and perception of teaching strategies. The key identified pitfalls to simulcast teaching were resident discomfort in small groups, heterogeneous learning experience, lack of engagement, and technology challenges. These pitfalls can be mitigated through strategic distribution of learners in groups, trained facilitators, and interactive teaching modalities. Given that simulcast and mixed (simulcast, virtual, and in-person) teaching settings are here to stay postpandemic, anticipating pitfalls and creating adaptable educational content that translates in multiple settings is crucial.
Radial analysis and scaling of housing prices in French urban areas
Authors: Laziou Gaëtan , Lemoy Rémi , Texier Marion Le
Published: September 2024

Urban scaling laws summarize how attributes evolve with city size. However, one limitation concerns the aggregate view of this approach, which leads to neglecting the internal structure of cities. This is an important issue regarding housing prices, given their significant variations across space. Based on a dataset compiling millions of real estate transactions over the period 2017–2021, we investigate the regularities of the radial (center-periphery) profiles of housing prices across cities, with respect to their size. Results are threefold. First, they corroborate prior findings in the urban scaling literature stating that largest cities agglomerate higher housing prices. Second, we find that housing price radial profiles scale in three dimensions with the power 1/5 of city population. After rescaling, great regularities between radial profiles can be observed, although some locational amenities have a significant impact on prices. Third, it appears that our approach with rescaled profiles fails to explain housing price variations in the city center across cities. In fact, prices near the city center rise much faster with city size than in the periphery. This has strong implications for low-income households seeking homeownership because prohibitive prices in the center may contribute to pushing them out into peripheral locations, especially in large cities.
The Effects of Polyester Filament Number and Accompanying Hydrophilic Fiber Type on Moisture Management and Drying of Double-Layered Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Eren Oğuz , Oğlakcıoğlu Nida , Çay Ahmet
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the moisture transfer and drying behavior of the double-layered fabrics knitted using polyester yarns with a combination of cotton and viscose yarns. As well as the fiber type on both faces, the effect of the number of filaments of the polyester yarns was also researched. For this purpose, double-layered interlock fabrics were knitted, and the resultant samples were characterized by moisture management, drying, water vapor permeability, and heat conduction tests. It was indicated that the fabrics knitted by polyester yarns on the inner side and cotton fabrics on the outer side resulted in a very good overall moisture-management capacity. The same applied to the drying speed; even faster drying was achieved than the 100% polyester double-layered samples. The increase in the filament number led to a decrease in both moisture management and drying rate. Moreover, it was determined that the use of viscose yarn was not suitable.
Moving from the Business Case Towards an Equity-Based Approach: Theorizing Diversity and Inclusion in Open Strategy
Authors: Langenmayr Theresa , Splitter Violetta , Tienari Janne , Vesa Mikko
Published: September 2024

A growing number of organizations open their strategy processes by including a more diverse set of actors. This has drawn scholarly interest and led to a field of research known as open strategy. In this paper, we problematize how open strategy research deploys diversity and inclusion without engaging with the diversity and inclusion literature that offers a more differentiated understanding of these concepts. We build on this literature to elucidate how most open strategy studies follow a business case approach wherein inclusion, and implicitly also diversity, are theorized based on their impact on strategy outcomes. We show how engaging with the diversity and inclusion literature allows open strategy scholars to move from the business case towards an alternative, equity-based approach. Adopting an equity-based approach widens the themes addressed in open strategy research to the reproduction of power relations and sustained inequalities in strategy making and thus contributes to a more societally meaningful and relevant understanding of diversity and inclusion in the strategy field.
A Qualitative Exploration of Refugee Experiences of Access to a Dedicated Multi-Disciplinary Refugee Health Team in an Australian Context: Implication for Future Care
Authors: White Jennifer , Young Ashley , Webber Murray , Harrison Joy , Hiscox Amy , Lush Jessica , Joo Baeho , Sherrin Janessa , Grasselli Mattias , Byles Julie
Published: September 2024

Aims

Refugees experience physical and mental health issues that need attention following settlement in a new community. However, access to and utilisation of healthcare services is challenging. We aimed to explore the experience of refugee access to a dedicated multi-disciplinary refugee health team.

Methods

An interpretative qualitative study. 17 qualitative interviews were conducted with Ezidi refugees who attended a newly established multi-disciplinary refugee health program in a regional town in NSW, Australia. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

Participants ( n = 17) identified as Ezidi and were from Iraq. Parents were between 23 and 57 years of age and had 1–12 children per family. Most had been in Australia between 2 and 5 years. Four key themes were identified: (1) Identifying the extent of health needs following a long wait to migrate; (2) Health support across the life span: the benefit of access to a multi-disciplinary team; (3) Gaps in cultural competence – impacted by understanding and interpreter access; and (4) Ongoing health and lifestyle concerns – influenced by understanding and education.

Conclusions

We identified the benefit of access to allied health for prompt diagnosis, treatment and management of conditions including congenital and developmental conditions, mental health and chronic diseases. Access to a dedicated team ensured early intervention for a broad range of health and social issues including early referral to services, close coordination and help to complete supporting paperwork and applications. Ongoing investments are needed to maintain this comprehensive and coordinated approach to care that is underpinned by a family centric approach.
TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 as thermo-sensitive channels
Authors: Uchida Kunitoshi
Published: September 2024

Temperature detection is essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. Thermoreceptors in the skin sense body temperature as well as the temperatures of ambient air and objects. Since Dr. David Julius and his colleagues discovered that TRPV1 is expressed in small-diameter primary sensory neurons, and activated by temperatures above 42 °C, 11 of thermo-sensitive TRP channels have been identified. TRPM3 expressed in sensory neurons acts as a sensor for noxious heat. TRPM4 and TRPM5 are Ca2⁺-activated monovalent cation channels, and their activity is drastically potentiated by temperature increase. This review aims to summarize the expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and physiological roles of TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 associated with thermosensation.
Genotyping both live and dead animals to improve post-weaning survival of pigs in breeding programs
Authors: Sharif-Islam Md , van der Werf Julius H. J. , Henryon Mark , Chu Thinh Tuan , Wood Benjamin J. , Hermesch Susanne
Published: September 2024

Background

In this study, we tested whether genotyping both live and dead animals (GSD) realises more genetic gain for post-weaning survival (PWS) in pigs compared to genotyping only live animals (GOS).

Methods

Stochastic simulation was used to estimate the rate of genetic gain realised by GSD and GOS at a 0.01 rate of pedigree-based inbreeding in three breeding schemes, which differed in PWS (95%, 90% and 50%) and litter size (6 and 10). Pedigree-based selection was conducted as a point of reference. Variance components were estimated and then estimated breeding values (EBV) were obtained in each breeding scheme using a linear or a threshold model. Selection was for a single trait, i.e. PWS with a heritability of 0.02 on the observed scale. The trait was simulated on the underlying scale and was recorded as binary (0/1). Selection candidates were genotyped and phenotyped before selection, with only live candidates eligible for selection. Genotyping strategies differed in the proportion of live and dead animals genotyped, but the phenotypes of all animals were used for predicting EBV of the selection candidates.

Results

Based on a 0.01 rate of pedigree-based inbreeding, GSD realised 14 to 33% more genetic gain than GOS for all breeding schemes depending on PWS and litter size. GSD increased the prediction accuracy of EBV for PWS by at least 14% compared to GOS. The use of a linear versus a threshold model did not have an impact on genetic gain for PWS regardless of the genotyping strategy and the bias of the EBV did not differ significantly among genotyping strategies.

Conclusions

Genotyping both dead and live animals was more informative than genotyping only live animals to predict the EBV for PWS of selection candidates, but with marginal increases in genetic gain when the proportion of dead animals genotyped was 60% or greater. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to use genomic information on both live and more than 20% dead animals to compute EBV for the genetic improvement of PWS under the assumption that dead animals reflect increased liability on the underlying scale.
Routine preoperative assessment for cataract surgery is a source of frustration for primary care providers
Authors: Ron Donna , Zegans Michael , Chen Catherine L.
Published: September 2024

Background

Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in older adults in the United States and is generally considered to be extremely low-risk. As of 2019, routine preoperative evaluation within 30 days of surgery is no longer mandated by the United States of America (USA) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for ambulatory surgery centers, but it is unclear how primary care providers perceive this change.

Methods

We performed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with six primary care providers to explore primary care providers’ perspectives on routine preoperative assessment for cataract surgery.

Results

Primary care providers commented on the large number of referrals they receive for preoperative assessment before cataract procedures. The analysis revealed an overarching sentiment of resentment over the time, effort, and resources expended on these assessments. Themes included the lack of awareness of the updated regulations that no longer require a history and physical to be completed within 30 days and the perception of a universal lack of medical necessity to perform preoperative assessment for cataract surgery. Providers also commented on the strain on limited resources and the burden on patients. The relationship between specialties and professional roles emerged as another important theme.

Conclusions

Referrals for preoperative clearance for cataract surgery continue to burden providers, patients, and the health system, and represent an opportunity to streamline care in this patient population.
The impact of eHealth use on general practice workload in the pre-COVID-19 era: a systematic review
Authors: Keuper Jelle , van Tuyl Lilian H. D. , de Geit Ellemarijn , Rijpkema Corinne , Vis Elize , Batenburg Ronald , Verheij Robert
Published: September 2024

Background

In recent years, eHealth has received much attention as an opportunity to increase efficiency within healthcare organizations. Adoption of eHealth might consequently help to solve perceived health workforce challenges, including labor shortages and increasing workloads among primary care professionals, who serve as the first point of contact for healthcare in many countries.

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of general eHealth use and specific eHealth services use on general practice workload in the pre-COVID-19 era.

Methods

The databases of CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, IEEE Xplore, Medline ALL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched, using combinations of keywords including ‘eHealth’, ‘workload’, and ‘general practice’. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were independently performed by at least two reviewers. Publications were included for the period 2010 – 2020, before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

In total, 208 studies describing the impact of eHealth services use on general practice workload were identified. We found that two eHealth services were mainly investigated within this context, namely electronic health records and digital communication services, and that the largest share of the included studies used a qualitative study design. Overall, a small majority of the studies found that eHealth led to an increase in general practice workload. However, results differed between the various types of eHealth services, as a large share of the studies also reported a reduction or no change in workload.

Conclusions

The impact of eHealth services use on general practice workload is ambiguous. While a small majority of the effects indicated that eHealth increased workload in general practice, a large share of the effects also showed that eHealth use reduced workload or had no impact. These results do not imply a definitive conclusion, which underscores the need for further explanatory research. Various factors, including the study setting, system design, and the phase of implementation, may influence this impact and should be taken into account when general practices adopt new eHealth services.

Study registration number

PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42020199897; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=199897.
An organisation working mainly reactively instead of proactively: a qualitative study of how frail users of home care services and their next of kin experience crises
Authors: Myhre Janne , Bergh Sverre , Kirkevold Øyvind , Lichtwarck Bjørn
Published: September 2024

Background

Frail people receiving home care services face an increased risk of developing crisis, which can result in adverse events, coercive measures, and acute institutionalisation. The prevalence of frailty is expected to increase due to the ageing population in most countries. However, our knowledge of the process leading to crises among frail community-dwelling patients remains limited. The aim of our study was to explore how users of home care services and their next of kin experienced crises and how these crises were approached by home care services.

Methods

A qualitative explorative design with 21 interviews was conducted. We explored crises within the last year that had led to an acute institutionalisation (hospital or nursing home) or to an unstable situation with high risk of institutionalisation. Systematic text condensation (STC) was used to analyse the data.

Results

Our findings are summarised into one overarching theme; an organisation working mainly reactively instead of proactively, which is supported by four subthemes: (1) insufficient communication—a determinant of crises, (2) the lack of a holistic approach, (3) a sense of being a burden, and (4) the complexity of crises. The reactive approach is demonstrated in the participant’s experience of insufficient communication and the lack of a holistic approach from the service, but also in the user’s sense of being a burden, which seems to be reinforced by the experienced busyness from the staff in the home care services. This reactive approach to crises seems to have contributed to difficulties in detecting the various stressors involved in the complex process leading to crisis.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that home care services tend to be characterised by a reactive approach to rising instability and the development of crises for users. This can be interpreted as an emergent property of the organisation and the adaptation towards exceeding demands due to insufficient capacity in health care services. We recommend the use of multicomponent care programmes comprising interdisciplinary case conferences in home care services to implement a cultural change that can shift the service from a reactive, fragmented, and task-oriented approach to a more proactive approach.
Diurnal timing of physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Baurecht Hansjörg , Bohmann Patricia , Fervers Béatrice , Fontvieille Emma , Freisling Heinz , Friedenreich Christine M. , Konzok Julian , Peruchet-Noray Laia , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Weber Andrea
Published: September 2024

Background

Physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk, yet the diurnal timing of physical activity in colorectal cancer etiology remains unclear.

Methods

This study used 24-h accelerometry time series from UK Biobank participants aged 42 to 79 years to derive circadian physical activity patterns using functional principal component analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations with colorectal cancer risk.

Results

Among 86,252 participants (56% women), 529 colorectal cancer cases occurred during a median 5.3-year follow-up. We identified four physical activity patterns that explained almost 100% of the data variability during the day. A pattern of continuous day-long activity was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–0.99). A second pattern of late-day activity was suggestively inversely related to risk (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.85–1.02). A third pattern of early- plus late-day activity was associated with decreased risk (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99). A fourth pattern of mid-day plus night-time activity showed no relation (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.88–1.19). Our results were consistent across various sensitivity analyses, including the restriction to never smokers, the exclusion of the first 2 years of follow-up, and the adjustment for shift work.

Conclusions

A pattern of early- plus late-day activity is related to reduced colorectal cancer risk, beyond the benefits of overall activity. Further research is needed to confirm the role of activity timing in colorectal cancer prevention.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experiences on attitudes towards vaccinations: on the social, cultural and political determinants of preferred vaccination organization models in Poland
Authors: Żuk Piotr , Żuk Paweł
Published: September 2024

Background

The article describes attitudes towards vaccinations in Poland in relation to issues such as voluntary versus compulsory vaccinations, the method of financing vaccinations, the method of organizing and carrying out vaccinations, the cognitive and educational aspect of vaccines (how to obtain knowledge about vaccines) and the preferred model of work and research on new vaccines. Taking into account these issues, the authors have created four ideal models of preferred vaccination policies: (a) the market model; (b) the state model; (c) the vaccine hesitancy model; and (d) the civic–social model. This perspective makes it possible to better understand and learn about the various motives behind the attitudes of anti-vaccination movements, as well as to notice cracks and divisions among vaccination supporters and their attitudes towards the financing and organization of vaccinations.

Methods

The study was carried out using the CATI method on a representative random-quota sample of Polish society of 1000 people aged 18 and over. The study took age, sex, education and the size of the place of residence into account.

Additionally, in the Socio-demographic factors influencing attitudes towards vaccination practices in Poland section, we used the chi-squared test and regression analysis of factors influencing vaccination practices in Poland. PASW Statistics 18 (a version of SPSS) software was used for statistical analysis. Significant correlations were demonstrated at a significance level of 0.05% Pearson.

Results

This article has shown that attitudes towards vaccinations are embedded in broader divisions and orientations related to the vision of the social order: the role of the state, the organization of healthcare and payments for vaccinations and medical services, as well as preferred ways of knowledge production in society and work on new vaccines. The political sympathies and the age of the respondents were the most important variables influencing vaccination behaviour. The education of the respondents was less important.

Conclusions

A few years after the peak of the pandemic, the scope of anti-vaccination attitudes in Polish society ranges from 20% of the population (dogmatic anti-vaxxers) to 30% (vaccine hesitancy occurring depending on attitudes towards vaccinations).
Study protocol: Optimising patient positioning for the planning of accelerated partial breast radiotherapy for the integrated magnetic resonance linear accelerator: OPRAH MRL
Authors: Dean Jenna , Anderson Nigel , Halkett Georgia K. B. , Lye Jessica , Tacey Mark , Foroudi Farshad , Chao Michael , Wright Caroline
Published: September 2024

Background

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an accepted treatment option for early breast cancer. Treatment delivered on the Magnetic Resonance integrated Linear Accelerator (MRL) provides the added assurance of improved soft tissue visibility, important in the delivery of APBI. This technique can be delivered in both the supine and prone positions, however current literature suggests that prone treatment on the MRL is infeasible due to physical limitations with bore size. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of positioning patients on a custom designed prone breast board compared with supine positioning on a personalised vacuum bag. Geometric distortion, the relative position of Organs at Risk (OAR) to the tumour bed and breathing motion (intrafraction motion) will be compared between the supine and prone positions. The study will also investigate the positional impact on dosimetry, patient experience, and position preference.

Methods

Up to 30 patients will be recruited over a 12-month period for participation in this Human Research Ethics Committee approved exploratory cohort study. Patients will be scanned on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Simulator in both the supine and prone positions as per current standard of care for APBI simulation. Supine and prone positioning comparisons will all be assessed on de-identified MRI image pairs, acquired using appropriate software. Patient experience will be explored through completion of a short, anonymous electronic survey. Descriptive statistics will be used for reporting of results with categorical, parametric/non-parametric tests applied (data format dependent). Survey results will be interpreted by comparison of percentage frequencies across the Likert scales. Thematic content analysis will be used to interpret qualitative data from the open-ended survey questions.

Discussion

The results of this study will be used to assess the feasibility of treating patients with APBI in the prone position on a custom designed board on the MRL. It may also be used to assist with identification of patients who would benefit from this position over supine without the need to perform both scans. Patient experience and technical considerations will be utilised to develop a tool to assist in this process.

Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN1262400067583. Registered 28th of May 2024. https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12624000679583.aspx
The potential benefit of artificial intelligence regarding clinical decision-making in the treatment of wrist trauma patients
Authors: Keller Marco , Rohner Meret , Honigmann Philipp
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care is gaining popularity. Many publications describe powerful AI-enabled algorithms. Yet there’s only scarce evidence for measurable value in terms of patient outcomes, clinical decision-making or socio-economic impact. Our aim was to investigate the significance of AI in the emergency treatment of wrist trauma patients.

Method

Two groups of physicians were confronted with twenty realistic cases of wrist trauma patients and had to find the correct diagnosis and provide a treatment recommendation. One group was assisted by an AI-enabled application which detects and localizes distal radius fractures (DRF) with near-to-perfect precision while the other group had no help. Primary outcome measurement was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcome measurements were required time, number of added CT scans and senior consultations, correctness of the treatment, subjective and objective stress levels.

Results

The AI-supported group was able to make a diagnosis without support (no additional CT, no senior consultation) in significantly more of the cases than the control group (75% vs. 52%,p = 0.003). The AI-enhanced group detected DRF with superior sensitivity (1.00 vs. 0.96,p = 0.06) and specificity (0.99 vs. 0.93,p = 0.17), used significantly less additional CT scans to reach the correct diagnosis (14% vs. 28%,p = 0.02) and was subjectively significantly less stressed (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that physicians can diagnose wrist trauma more accurately and faster when aided by an AI-tool that lessens the need for extra diagnostic procedures. The AI-tool also seems to lower physicians' stress levels while examining cases. We anticipate that these benefits will be amplified in larger studies as skepticism towards the new technology diminishes.