bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Every Sherlock needs a Dr. Watson: A theory of creativity catalysts in organizations
Authors: Koseoglu Gamze , Shalley Christina E. , Lemoine G. James
Published: January 2022

This research investigates when certain coworkers can serve as “catalysts” to enhance the creative performance of others. We draw on social capital theory and the ability‐motivation framework to focus on the characteristics of potential catalysts and the facets of relationships between catalysts and creators. We hypothesized and found that the strength of the relationship between a catalyst and a creator has a positive association with the intensity of the catalyst's contribution to the creator's creative performance. In addition, this contribution is stronger if the catalyst himself/herself is creative, and counter to our hypothesis if the catalyst has access to the same contacts as the creator (i.e., high dyadic redundancy). Later, we turned our attention from the intensity of contribution between a catalyst and a creator to the total catalytic contribution that a creator receives from all their catalysts. We predicted and found an inverted U‐shaped relationship, such that although it is beneficial to receive help from catalysts up to a certain point, receiving excessive levels of catalytic contributions can be detrimental to employees' creative performance. We discuss the implications of our findings and explore how our results indicate a meaningful although mostly overlooked phenomenon in creativity research.
The effect of fertilizer type on nitrogen uptake by maize from recently formed soil organic matter#
Authors: Pedersen Ingeborg Frøsig , Hansen Janni , Peixoto Leanne , Enggrob Kirsten Lønne , Kuzyakov Yakov , Rasmussen Jim
Published: January 2022

Background

Soil organic matter (SOM) formed under legume‐based grasslands may serve as an important source of nitrogen (N) for subsequent maize growth.

Aim

We aimed at studying effects of fertilizer type (organic and mineral N and phosphorus (P) fertilizers) on N release from recently formed SOM and N utilization by plants.

Methods

The effects of mineral and organic (meat and bone meal) N and P fertilization on SOM turnover were examined under maize (Zea mays L.) on a sand loamy typic hapludult in an outdoor pot experiment over 55 days. The plant uptake of N derived from recently formed SOM was investigated by dual labeling this SOM pool with 15N and 13C.

Results

Organic and mineral fertilized maize acquired similar amounts of N derived from recently formed SOM, which was twice as high as for unfertilized plants. Rhizosphere soil with organic fertilizer had higher 13C loss than unplanted soil, whereas no extra 13C was lost under mineral fertilization. On the contrary, a lower 13C loss from planted compared to unplanted soil was observed in unfertilized soil.

Conclusions

Both mineral and organic fertilizers increased plant growth and N uptake, whereas only organic fertilizers accelerated SOM turnover in the rhizosphere as compared to bulk soil. Thus, this study implies that the fertilizer types differently affected the mechanisms controlling the utilization of N bound in recently formed SOM.
Predicting tea tree oil distillate composition using portable spectrometric technology
Authors: Gloerfelt‐Tarp Francine , Mieog Jos C. , Bigland Mark , Wheeler Simon , Palmer William M. , Kretzschmar Tobias
Published: January 2022

Commercial tea tree oil (TTO) has to conform chemically to the international standard ISO4730: 2017, which defines acceptable ranges for the 15 main terpenoids therein. Lack of in‐house capacity for the technology typically required for terpenoid quantification (GC‐FID) necessitates that Australian TTO producers outsource the analyses to commercial service providers. This is associated with high cost and slow turnaround times, which have been recognized as limiting factors for TTO process optimization in the areas of quality assurance, distillation and blending. This paper describes the testing of two custom portable Raman devices with different lasers (785 and 1064 nm) for the relative quantification of the 15 main TTO components using model‐based predictions. Initial testing showed that the 1064‐nm device provided superior data for TTO predictions. Machine‐learning algorithms were trained with spectral data from the 1064‐nm device and corresponding GC‐FID data from 214 TTO samples. Hold‐over validation (HV) correlations between actual and predicted values using up to 53 unseen samples showed r2 at or above 0.92 for 10 and at or above 0.95 for 6 of the 15 specified terpenoids. The highly abundant key TTO quality compound terpinen‐4‐ol showed an HV r2 of 0.96 with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.37%, whereas the lowly abundant key compound 1,8‐cineole showed an HV r2 of 1.00 with a RMSE of 0.13%. These results indicated a strong potential for Raman spectrometry to provide real‐time product quality data at TTO distillation sites enabling direct feedback control and process optimisations.
Resonance Raman and polarized Raman scattering of single‐crystal hematite
Authors: Marshall C. P. , Dufresne William J. B.
Published: January 2022

Researchers have demonstrated that the Raman spectra collected on hematite nanoparticles undergo an intensity enhancement, due to a dependence on excitation energy. Especially, the bands at approximately 660 and approximately 1320 cm−1, which are assigned as the 1LO and 2LO modes, respectively, experience the strongest intensity enhancement, which has been attributed to resonance Raman scattering when excited with excitation energy at or close to the band gap. However, the resonance Raman scattering mechanism is not clear and further has not been experimentally determined. To this end, we have undertaken measurements to examine the excitation energy dependence and polarized Raman scattering on a pure single‐crystal of hematite to gain a better understanding of the resonance enhancement mechanism for the 1LO and 2LO modes. Resonance enhancement mechanisms giving rise to LO phonons in semiconductors can be attributed to either the deformation potential (DP) or Fröhlich interactions (F) scattering, or a combination of the two. The DP and F contributions that give rise to LO phonon scattering in semiconductors are distinguishable due to their contrasting selection rules. Here, employing these selection rules, we conducted the following polarization Raman scattering measurements:
,
,
,
,
,
, and
on single‐crystal hematite to distinguish between DP (dipole‐allowed) and F (dipole‐forbidden) scattering. Our polarization experiments strongly suggest that the Fröhlich LO phonon interaction dominates the Raman scattering over the weaker DP contribution. Furthermore, polarization experiments collected using the following geometries
and
demonstrate that the interference between dipole‐allowed and dipole‐forbidden Raman scattering is constructive for LO phonons. Therefore, we attribute the mechanism of resonance Raman scattering of the 1LO and 2LO modes in the Raman spectrum of hematite due to contributions from F and DP processes.
BECOMING A COURAGEOUS, NET POSITIVE LEADER
Authors: Polman Paul , Winston Andrew
Published: January 2022

The authors bring years of experience to the task of writing about net positive leaders. Polman was the CEO of Unilever from 2009 to 2019, and Winston is a leading adviser on sustainable business strategy, who co‐authored a recent book with Polman. They discuss leaders who have taken courageous stands on social issues, beginning with an anecdote about Ed Stack, who was CEO/Chief Executive Officer of Dick's Sporting Goods in 2018, at the time of the Parkland, Florida school shootings. They write that “key stakeholders, and especially employees, are demanding that companies take a stand. Because of these changing norms and expectations, companies are increasingly wading into thorny debates about LGBTQ rights, guns, immigration, climate policy, racial equality, and more.” The authors discuss “five critical traits that help create and distinguish a net positive leader,” which in their words are: A sense of purpose; Empathy, humility, and humanity; Courage; The ability to inspire; and Openness to deep collaboration. In the first point, they write: “Tackling the biggest issues, such as fighting against climate change, or for justice and equality, while doing business well, is not easy work. Work is not always fun, but it's much easier when you feel that you have meaning.”
Nature‐Mimic Tough Helicoidal Composites with Aligned Short Carbon Fibers by 3D Printing
Authors: Wang Jianye , Li Na , Fu Kunkun , Li Yan , Yang Bin
Published: January 2022

This work develops nature‐inspired tough helicoidal composites with aligned short carbon fibers by 3D printing. The alignment of short carbon fibers (SCF) in the composite is achieved by shear flow during 3D printing process. First, unidirectional composites with aligned SCFs are prepared with various fiber contents ranging from 2 wt% to 10 wt%. It is found that the shear strength of the unidirectional composites with the SCFs perpendicular to the shear loading is the highest at a fiber content of 10 wt%, 46% higher than that of the pristine nylon. Then, helicoidal composites with four helical angles (i.e., 0°, 30°, 45° and 90°) are prepared using 3D printing. The impact testing results show that the impact toughness highly depends on the build orientation. The impact toughness of the composites with on‐edge build orientation is significantly greater than those with flat build orientation. The greatest impact toughness of the helicoidal composites is achieved at a helical angle of 45° with a value of 31.9±4.4 kJ m−2, which is mainly attributed to misaligned fiber plane‐induced crack deflection, forcing cracks to advance in multiple planes under impact.
Preparation of Fluorine‐Free Waterproof and Breathable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes via Thiol‐ene Click Reaction
Authors: Tian Lulu , Ren Gaihuan , Zhang Pan , Li Bo , Chang Shuzhen , Yu Hongqin , Wang Rongwu , He Jianxin
Published: January 2022

Clothes that are comfortable and functional are important in daily life; however, the manufacture of fluorine‐free functional fabrics with excellent waterproofness and breathability using simple and environmentally friendly methods still presents several technical challenges. Currently, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐initiated thiol‐ene click reaction is used for the construction of hydrophobic surfaces due to its high efficiency and the mild reaction conditions involved. Therefore, in this work, the electrospinning technique and the UV‐initiated thiol‐ene click reaction to introduce hydrophobic octadecanethiol (thiol) and 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetra‐vinylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMTVSi) into the silicon‐based polyurethane/polymethyl methacrylate (Si‐PU/PMMA) nanofibrous membranes is combined. After UV irradiation, the sulfhydryl groups of the thiol react with the carbon–carbon double bond of the TMTVSi, resulting in cross‐linking between the nanofibers. The fluorine‐free Si‐PU/PMMA/TMTVSi‐thiol‐30 waterproof and breathable electrospun nanofibrous membranes are observed to show excellent properties, which include a hydrostatic pressure of 64.43 kPa, water vapor transmittance (WVT) rate of 7879 g m−2 d−1, and robust tensile stress of 10.04 MPa, all of which enable the membrane to be widely used in the field of protective garments and oil–water separation.
Retracted: Development of a Highly Sensitive Wearable Tactile Sensor on Fabric by Using Conductive Inks Based on Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) Change Mechanism
Authors: Chen Wei‐Lin , Karmakar Rajat Subhra , Liao Ying‐Chih , Lu Yen‐Wen
Published: January 2022

Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2021, 306, 2100130

https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100130

The above article, published online on 17 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, David Huesmann, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed due to a non‐disclosed previous publication of data in this article that, had the editorial team been made aware of upon submission, would have affected the likelihood of the article being considered further. As a result, the journal has made the decision to retract this article.
On convergence of spectral expansions of Dirac operators with regular boundary conditions
Authors: Makin Alexander
Published: January 2022

Spectral problems for the Dirac operator with regular but not strongly regular boundary conditions and complex‐valued potential summable over a finite interval are considered. The purpose of this paper is to find conditions under which the root function system forms a usual Riesz basis rather than a Riesz basis with parentheses.
Ultrasound‐Mediated Release of Gaseous Signaling Molecules for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fang Yuanmeng , Cheng Jian , Shen Zhiqiang , You Tao , Ding Shenggang , Hu Jinming
Published: January 2022

Although nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been considered as notorious gas pollutants for decades, they are considered as endogenous gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs), which have been widely recognized for their important signaling functions and prominent medical applications in human physiology. To achieve local delivery of GSMs to optimize therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic side effects, stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers have been successfully developed. Among them, ultrasound is considered as an attractive theranostic modality that can be used to track drug carriers, trigger drug release, and improve drug deposition, etc. In this minireview, recent achievements in designing ultrasound‐responsive nanocarriers for the controlled delivery of GSMs and their biomedical applications are summarized. This emerging research direction enables the controlled delivery of GSMs to deep tissues, and the combination of ultrasound imaging techniques offers many possibilities for the fabrication of new theranostic platforms.
BODIPY Cored A−D−A'−D−A Type Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptor for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Song Xiaochen , Xu Yuanyuan , Tao Xianwang , Gao Xuyu , Wu Yijing , Yu Ruitao , He Yinming , Tao Youtian
Published: January 2022

In this work, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is for the first time employed as electron‐deficient core (A’) to construct an A–D–A’–D–A type nonfused‐ring electron acceptor (NFREA) for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Among, cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and fluorinated dicyanoindanone (DFIC) are involved as electron‐donating (D) bridges and terminal A groups, respectively. Bearing with the steric BODIPY core, tMBCIC exhibits twisted configuration with dihedral angles >45° between BODIPY and CPDT bridges. Thus, compared with the BODIPY‐free planar A–D–D–A structured bCIC, reduced aggregation, weakened intramolecular D–A interactions with up‐shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital by 0.4 eV as well as blueshifted absorption by up to 150 nm is observed in tMBCIC. Moreover, owing to the intrinsic large molar extinction coefficient from BODIPY, promoted light‐harvest ability is achieved for tMBCIC, particularly in its blend films. Therefore, PSCs by using PBDB‐T as donor, tMBCIC as NFREA afford superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.22% and higher open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.954 V compared to 4.47% and 0.739 V from bCIC‐devices. Moreover, compared to other BODIPY‐flanked electron acceptors (<5%) reported so far, BODIPY‐cored tMBCIC realizes a remarkable progress in PCE.
Upcycling Waste Polyethylene into Carbon Nanomaterial via a Carbon‐Grown‐on‐Carbon Strategy
Authors: Jia Manman , Bai Huiying , Liu Ning , Hao Liang , He Panpan , Fan Zifen , Liu Jie , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang , Tang Tao
Published: January 2022

Upcycling waste plastics (e.g., polyethylene (PE)) into value‐added carbon products is regarded as a promising approach to address the increasingly serious waste plastic pollution and simultaneously achieve carbon neutrality. However, developing new carbonization technology routes to promote the oxidation of PE at low temperature and construct the stable cross‐linking network remains challenging. Here, a facile carbon‐grown‐on‐carbon strategy is proposed using carbon black (CB) to convert waste PE into core/shell carbon nanoparticles (CN) in high yields at low temperature. The yield of CN remarkably increases when the heating temperature decreases or the dosage of CB increases. The obtained CN displays turbostratic structure and closely aggregated granular morphology with a size of ≈80 nm. It is found that, prior to the oxidation and carbonization of PE, CB forms a 3D network architecture in the PE matrix. More importantly, CB not only catalyzes the partial oxidation of PE to form PE macromolecular radicals and introduce oxygen‐containing groups at low temperature in the early stage, but also favors for the construction of a stable cross‐linking network in the latter stage. This work offers a facile sustainable strategy for chemical upcycling of PE into value‐added carbon products without post‐treatments or usage of metallic catalysts.
Structure Regulation of Block Copolymer Assemblies in Emulsion Droplets by Adding a Selective Solvent
Authors: Geng Zhen , Liu Jingye , Guo Qi , Mao Xi , Chen Senbin , Deng Renhua , Zhu Jintao
Published: January 2022

Generally, nanostructured polymer particles are prepared by 3D confined self‐assembly (3D‐CSA) of block copolymers (BCPs), while micelles are obtained through self‐assembly of BCPs in dilute solutions. Herein, a facile yet robust strategy is developed to regulate the assembled structures of BCP, poly(styrene‐block‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP), from nanostructured particles to micelles. The assemblies are prepared by an emulsion‐solvent diffusion‐induced self‐assembly route, which is conducted by dialysis. A key feature of this strategy is that a P4VP‐selective solvent (e.g., ethanol) is added to the dialysate to tune the interfacial behavior of the droplets and assembled structures of PS‐b‐P4VP. The authors’ results reveal that in the presence of slight ethanol, the surface and internal structural transitions of nanostructured particles are caused by changes in the interfacial selectivity and packing parameter. Interestingly, interfacial instability, which results in the formation of micelles, is observed when the dialysate contains 50 vol% ethanol or more. The reason can be ascribed to the decreased interface tension, which is induced by the increase in ethanol and enhanced solubility of P4VP. This facile strategy provides a new opportunity to bridge the gap between traditional 3D‐CSA and solution self‐assembly of BCPs, offering a promising route to engineer morphologies and nanostructures of polymeric assemblies.
Acute myeloid leukemia due to germline CEBPA mutation in a Syrian family
Authors: Wafa Abdulsamad , Ali Belal , Moassass Faten , Kheder Maged , Aljapawe Abdulmunim , Al‐Halabi Bassel , Mrasek Kristin , Liehr Thomas , Al‐Achkar Walid
Published: January 2022

Background

Familial cases of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with germline‐mutated CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α (CEBPA) gene are a rare entity classified in World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2016. Most families reported in the literature show an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern consistent with a single‐gene mutation.

Methods

Here we studied a Syrian family with four individuals suffering from AML for CEBPA gene mutations by Sanger sequencing.

Results

The father, his three affected, and one yet unaffected child had the same mutation in the N‐terminal region of CEBPA (c.198dupC), resulting in termination at Tyr67Leufs*41. All affected family members had a good primary response to chemotherapy and achieved complete remission.

Conclusion

Overall, another AML family with CEBPA gene mutation is added to the literature, presenting with yet unreported FAB subtype M5 and absence of CD7 expression in some family members.
Journal commentary calls for NIMH research on schizophrenia
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2022

Following the release of two reports referencing a correlation between the increasing use of marijuana among young people and the increasing incidence of schizophrenia, the founder of the Treatment Advocacy Center has called on the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to undertake a study about the prevalence of schizophrenia among adults in the United States.
Survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in United States women using the new lower urinary tract dysfunction research Network‐Symptom Index 29 (LURN‐SI‐29) and a national research registry
Authors: Smith Ariana L. , Chen Jingwen , Wyman Jean F. , Newman Diane K. , Berry Amanda , Schmitz Kathryn , Stapleton Ann E. , Klusaritz Heather , Lin George , Stambakio Hanna , Sutcliffe Siobhan
Published: January 2022

Purpose

An online bladder health survey was administered to national registry volunteers to: (1) determine the feasibility of using ResearchMatch for studying lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); (2) pilot the new, comprehensive Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index‐29 (LURN‐SI‐29) and determine its ability to detect known associations with LUTS; and (3) explore novel areas of bladder health in community‐based women.

Methods

A cross‐sectional web‐based survey was administered to a random sample of ResearchMatch adult female, transgender and non‐binary volunteers. Participant demographics, health characteristics, the LURN‐SI‐29, and LUTS‐related experiences were collected.

Results

A total of 1725 ReseachMatch volunteers with a mean age of 44.0 years completed the study and were eligible for the analysis. Participants were primarily white, cisgendered, highly educated, nulliparous, and premenopausal. The median LURN‐SI‐29 score was 17 (interquartile range: 11–26). More than half the sample reported urinary urgency (71.0%), nocturia (65.7%), and stress incontinence (52.3%) a “few times” or more in the last 7 days. Approximately half reported sensation of incomplete bladder emptying (49.6%) with one‐third reporting urgency incontinence (37.6%); notably, 52.6% of respondents reported being at least “somewhat” bothered by LUTS. LURN‐SI‐29 scores increased with age, body mass index, decrements in self‐reported health, medical comorbidity, parity, menopausal status, and urinary symptom bother, providing evidence of convergent validity. LURN‐SI‐29 scores varied by race and education, with the lowest scores in Asian and highly educated women.

Conclusion

Overall, the prevalence and spectrum of LUTS in an online research registry of women volunteers were high and comparable to other population‐based samples. The new LURN‐SI‐29 demonstrated its ability to detect expected associations with demographic and health characteristics in a nonclinical population.
Baseline fat fraction is a strong predictor of disease progression in Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Veeger Thom T. J. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Keene Kevin R. , Niks Erik H. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Webb Andrew G. , de Groot Jurriaan H. , Kan Hermien E.
Published: January 2022

In Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), muscle weakness progresses relatively slowly, with a highly variable rate among patients. This complicates clinical trials, as clinically relevant changes are difficult to capture within the typical duration of a trial. Therefore, predictors for disease progression are needed. We assessed if temporal increase of fat fraction (FF) in BMD follows a sigmoidal trajectory and whether fat fraction at baseline (FFbase) could therefore predict FF increase after 2 years (ΔFF). Thereafter, for two different MR‐based parameters, we tested the additional predictive value to FFbase. We used 3‐T Dixon data from the upper and lower leg, and multiecho spin‐echo MRI and 7‐T 31P MRS datasets from the lower leg, acquired in 24 BMD patients (age: 41.4 [SD 12.8] years). We assessed the pattern of increase in FF using mixed‐effects modelling. Subsequently, we tested if indicators of muscle damage like standard deviation in water T2 (stdT2) and the phosphodiester (PDE) over ATP ratio at baseline had additional value to FFbase for predicting ∆FF. The association between FFbase and ΔFF was described by the derivative of a sigmoid function and resulted in a peak ΔFF around 0.45 FFbase (fourth‐order polynomial term: t = 3.7, p < .001). StdT2 and PDE/ATP were not significantly associated with ∆FF if FFbase was included in the model. The relationship between FFbase and ∆FF suggests a sigmoidal trajectory of the increase in FF over time in BMD, similar to that described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our results can be used to identify muscles (or patients) that are in the fast progressing stage of the disease, thereby facilitating the conduct of clinical trials.
Psychosocial predictors of problematic eating in young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery
Authors: Decker Kristina M. , Reiter‐Purtill Jennifer , Bejarano Carolina M. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Mitchell James E. , Jenkins Todd M. , Helmrath Michael , Inge Thomas H. , Michalsky Marc P. , Zeller Meg H.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

This study examined problematic eating and eating‐related psychopathology among young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery including concurrent and prospective associations with psychosocial factors and weight change.

Methods

VIEW point is a 6‐year follow‐up study within a prospective observational study series observing adolescents with severe obesity who had bariatric surgery (n = 139) or who presented to nonsurgical lifestyle modification programs (n = 83). Participants completed height/weight measurements, questionnaires, and diagnostic interviews. Regression analyses compared problematic eating across groups and examined Year 6 correlates (i.e., psychosocial factors and weight change) and baseline predictors (i.e., psychosocial factors) of eating‐related psychopathology.

Results

Compared to the nonsurgical group, the surgical group reported lower eating‐related psychopathology, objective binge eating, and grazing at Year 6. While chewing/spitting out and vomiting for weight/shape‐related reasons were very infrequent for the surgical group, self‐induced vomiting for other reasons (e.g., avoid plugging) was more common. For the surgical group, lower self‐worth, greater internalizing symptoms, and higher weight‐related teasing in adolescence predicted increased eating‐related psychopathology in young adulthood. Year 6 eating‐related psychopathology was concurrently associated with lower percent weight loss for the surgical group and greater percent weight gain for the nonsurgical group.

Conclusion

Undergoing adolescent bariatric surgery appears to afford benefit for problematic eating and eating‐related psychopathology. Current findings suggest that the clinical intervention related to problematic eating and associated psychosocial concerns may be needed for young adults with obesity, regardless of surgical status.
Fetoscopic insufflation of heated‐humidified carbon dioxide during simulated spina bifida repair is safe under controlled anesthesia in the fetal lamb
Authors: Joyeux Luc , Basurto David , Bleeser Tom , Van der Veeken Lennart , Vergote Simen , Kunpalin Yada , Trigo Lucas , Corno Enrico , De Bie Felix R. , De Coppi Paolo , Ourselin Sebastien , Van Calenbergh Frank , Hooper Stuart B. , Rex Steffen , Deprest Jan
Published: January 2022

Objective

To assess the safety of Partial‐Amniotic‐Insufflation‐of‐heated‐humidified‐CO2 (hPACI) during fetoscopic spina bifida repair (fSB‐repair).

Method

A simulated fSB‐repair through an exteriorized uterus under hPACI was performed in 100‐day fetal lambs (term = 145 days) under a laboratory anesthesia protocol (n = 5; group 1) which is known to induce maternal‐fetal acidosis and hypercapnia. Since these may not occur clinically, we applied a clinical anesthesia protocol (n = 5; group 2), keeping maternal parameters within physiological conditions, that is, controlled maternal arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure (pCO2 = 30 mmHg), blood pressure (≥67 mmHg), and temperature (37.1–39.8°C). Our superiority study used fetal pH as the primary outcome.

Results

Compared to group 1, controlled anesthesia normalized fetal pH (7.23 ± 0.02 vs. 7.36 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), pCO2 (70.0 ± 9.1 vs. 43.0 ± 1.0 mmHg, p = 0.011) and bicarbonate (27.8 ± 1.1 vs. 24.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L, p = 0.071) at baseline. It kept them within clinically acceptable limits (pH ≥ 7.23, pCO2 ≤ 70 mmHg, bicarbonate ≤ 30 mm/L) for ≥120 min of hPACI as opposed to ≤30 min in group one. Fetal pO2 and lactate were comparable between groups and generally within normal range. Fetal brain histology demonstrated fewer apoptotic cells and higher neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex in group two. There was no difference in fetal membrane inflammation, which was mild.

Conclusion

Fetoscopic insufflation of heated‐humidified CO2 during simulated fSB‐repair through an exteriorized uterus can be done safely under controlled anesthesia.
A framework for reporting secondary and incidental findings in prenatal sequencing: When and for whom?
Authors: Vears Danya , Amor David J.
Published: January 2022

As the use of genomic sequencing (GS) in the prenatal setting becomes more widespread, laboratories and clinicians will be tasked with making decisions about whether to offer incidental and secondary findings to expectant parents and, if so, which ones. Unfortunately, few guidelines or position statements issued by professional bodies address the return of secondary findings specifically in the context of prenatal GS, nor do they offer clear guidance on whether, and which types of incidental findings should be reported. Laboratories and clinicians will also need to navigate other challenges, such as how to obtain sufficiently informed consent, workload burdens for both laboratories and clinicians, and funding. Here we discuss these, and other challenges associated with offering incidental and secondary findings in the context of prenatal GS. We outline existing guidelines for return of these findings, prenatally and in children. We review the existing literature on stakeholder perspectives on return of incidental and secondary findings and discuss the main practical and ethical challenges that require consideration. We then propose a framework to help guide decision‐making, suggesting a baseline routine analysis, with additional layers of analysis that could be offered, according to local laboratory policy, with additional opt‐in consent from the parents.
Study of uniformity of atmospheric pressure plasma microjet array for maskless parallel micropatterned etching
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Xia Lingju , Zhou Shuneng , Liao Lirui , Wang Zekun , Wen Li , Yan K. C. , Wang Hai , Chu Jiaru
Published: January 2022

A novel atmospheric pressure plasma microjet (APPμJ) array is proposed to realize maskless parallel micropatterned etching of materials. Due to applying microfabrication technology, the dimension and distance of multiple jets in an array can be adjusted at a micro/nanoscale. However, interactions among multiple jets often lead to inconsistency of microjets and nonuniformity of sample etching. In this study, a 1 × 2 APPμJ array with 90‐μm nozzles and varying jet‐to‐jet distance is developed. The effects of different operating factors on the consistency of the APPμJ array are investigated. The experiment results show that the consistency of the microjet array and uniformity of sample etching can be greatly improved by optimizing operating parameters, such as applied voltage, gas flow rate, and jet‐to‐jet distance.
Molecular growth paths and dust‐particles nucleation precursors in Ar/C2H2 low pressure discharges
Authors: Tetard Gautier , Michau Armelle , Prasanna Swaminathan , Mougenot Jonathan , Brault Pascal , Hassouni Khaled
Published: January 2022

A numerical model was used to investigate the effect of acetylene concentration in the feed gas on molecular growth and solid particle nucleation in argon‐acetylene CCRF discharges. Results showed that for large acetylene conversion yields and small acetylene concentrations in the discharge, the ionization kinetic is driven by the Penning process and the molecular growth is governed by neutral polyynes. The cluster size distribution predicted shows that nucleation is unlikely in this situation. On the contrary, for limited conversion yields and significant acetylene concentrations in the discharge, the ionization kinetic is driven by the electron‐impact process; the molecular growth is governed by positive ions and leads to significant concentrations of neutral polyynes and enhanced nucleation rate.
Predictors of successful trial off continuous positive airway pressure and high flow nasal cannula in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation: A retrospective study
Authors: Mohsen Nada , Nasef Nehad , Elkhouli Mohamed , Ghanem Mohab , Dalby Allison , Yoon Eugene Woojin , Finan Emer , Shah Prakesh S , Mohamed Adel
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To identify the predictors of successful first trial off nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of infants ≤29 weeks’ gestation who required nCPAP for >24 h was conducted. Logistic regression was used to detect predictors for successful trial off nCPAP. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software.

Results

A total of 727 infants were included in the analysis. Infants who were successful in their first trial off nCPAP (n = 313) were of higher gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), as well as a higher proportion of female infants, compared with those who were not successful (p < 0.01). When stratified by GA, a negative correlation was noted between GA and postmenstrual age at successful trial off nCPAP or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that GA (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03–1.24], p = 0.01) and percentage of time spent with an oxygen saturation over 89% in the 24 h preceding the trial off nCPAP (OR 1.08, 95% CI [1.05–1.11], p = 0.00) were independent predictors for successful trial off nCPAP.

Conclusion

Successful trial off nCPAP or HFNC in preterm infants is significantly associated with higher GA, BW, female gender, and the specific oxygen saturation histogram in the preceding 24‐h period.
Geometric Phases and The Sagnac Effect: Foundational Aspects and Sensing Applications
Authors: Paiva Ismael L. , Lenny Rain , Cohen Eliahu
Published: January 2022

Geometric phase is a key player in many areas of quantum science and technology. In this review article, several foundational aspects of quantum geometric phases and their relations to classical geometric phases are outlined. How the Aharonov–Bohm and Sagnac effects fit into this context is then discussed. Moreover, a concise overview of technological applications of the latter, with special emphasis on gravitational sensing, like in gyroscopes and gravitational wave detectors is presented.
Humanistic science education: The history of science and other relevant contexts
Authors: Klopfer Leo E. , Aikenhead Glen S.
Published: January 2022

This article offers a retrospective synopsis of 70 years of development of a humanistic approach to science education. Instruction using the history of science, for example, provides a rich context for students to learn not only canonical science content on a need‐to‐know basis, but also content from the other domains of humanistic science education, including: the nature of science and scientists, cultural studies, and the multifarious interplay between science/scientists and society. The synopsis leads to the conclusion that instructional materials and student assessment tools developed earlier for teaching the history of science are relevant today. Science–technology–society–environment and socioscientific issues, two of the present six domains of humanistic school science, are given special attention. An example of their teaching materials is described, which illustrates in detail how to organize lessons or units particularly suited for the substantial majority of high school students who would not enroll in any current science classes if not required for graduation. Trends suggested for the future are based on shifts in current global economics.
Sn‐Ti Submicrospheres with Tunable Particle Size for Cyclohexanone Baeyer‐Villiger Oxidation
Authors: He Binbin , Zhou Zhiwei , Sun Peiyong , Liu Chuanfa , Liu Yangyang , Xia Guangbo , Wu Wenliang
Published: January 2022

Sn‐Ti submicrospheres with tunable particle size were successfully synthesized by adjusting the water amount over Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)‐assisted sol‐gel method in this paper, and the effect of the submicrosphere size on the catalytic performance in the B‐V oxidation of cyclohexanone by molecular oxygen was also investigated. Their physical and chemical properties were character‐ rized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, Pyridine‐adsorbed IR(Py‐IR), Uvioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(UV‐vis), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Transmission electron microscope and Energy dispersive X‐ray detector(TEM‐EDX) techniques. The characterization results showed that the Sn‐Ti crystal phase would be affected by the initial water amount resulting in the variation for the incorporation of tin species into the tetrahedral TiO2. The regular Sn‐Ti submicrospheres with particle size about 210±5 nm and typical Lewis acidities for MTS‐W‐4.0 sample can be obtained when water amount was as high as 4.0 mL, and it exhibited higher catalytic performance than other catalysts where its ϵ‐caprolactone yield was 97.8 %. Compared to the decline range of 13.6 % with the submicrospheres particle size as about 450 nm, the drop of ϵ‐caprolactone yield was only 3.9 % and the yield of ϵ‐caprolactone can be kept at 93.9 % over MTS‐W‐4.0 sample after repeated use for 5 times.
Na/CuII/CuI Complexes of Compartmental Schiff Base Ligands Incorporating the [Cu(NCO)2]− Ion
Authors: Bhargavi Govindugari , Sahu Upasana , Rajasekharan Melath V.
Published: January 2022

Two new NaI/CuI,II polynuclear compounds [(NaCu3((R,R)‐3‐MeOSalcy)2(NCO)2](1) and [(NaCu2(3‐MeOSalpn)(NCO)2] (2) have been synthesized using the Schiff base (SB) ligands, (R,R)‐3‐MeOSalcy=(R,R)–N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and 3‐MeOSalpn=N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,3‐diaminopropane, respectively. Both complexes contain the rarely observed linear [Cu(NCO)2]− ion which links [{CuII(SB)}2Na]+ ions in 1 or [{CuII(SB)Na}2]2+ ions in 2 producing different linear chain topologies. The mixed valent CuI/IINa network in compound 1 allows for greater magnetic isolation of the paramagnetic ions as compared to compound 2, leading to differences in their EPR spectra.
Development of a PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor with Low Detection Limit and Wide Linear Range for the Determination of Maprotiline in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Tekce Serkan , Subasi Yaver , Coldur Fatih , Kanberoglu Gulsah Saydan , Zahmakiran Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Maprotiline (MAP), is an active ingredient of some antidepressants which has been broadly used for the therapy of depression. The overdose of MAP in the treatment of patients with depression can lead to significant side effects, even lethal intoxication. Therefore, it is very important to develop simple, inexpensive, fast and reliable detection methods for MAP in interested samples. In our present study, we have offered a novel poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane maprotiline‐selective potentiometric sensor based on a type of MOFs, known as MIL‐53(Al), as electroactive ionophore substance. The sensor prepared at the optimum membrane composition exhibited a linear response for maprotiline hydrochloride in the concentration range of 1,0×10−9 M−1,0×10−2 M with a slope of 59,1 mV/decade and detection limit of 9,0×10−10 M. The pH working range of the sensor was determined as 2,0–9,5. The response time of the sensor was very fast and less than 5 s. With these performance features, it has been shown that the current sensor has quite superior features compared to the potentiometric MAP‐selective sensor available in the literature. The potentiometric application of the sensor was successfully carried out with the detection of MAP in pharmaceutical tablets containing MAP‐HCl.
Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion from Ru(II) Phenanthroline Complexes and 2‐Substituted Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Liang Zuo‐Qin , Yan Xu , Cui Hao , Xie Huan‐Ran , Li Hui , Yan Dong , Ye Chang‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Tao Xu‐Tang
Published: January 2022

Two Ru(II) phenanthroline complexes (Ru‐ph and Ru‐py) were synthesized and their photophysical properties were systematically investigated. For Ru‐py, the conjugation of pyrene at 3‐ and 8‐positions of auxiliary ligand 1,10‐phenanthroline can increase the phosphorescence quantum yield, prolong the triplet lifetime and reduce the triplet energy level. The extended triplet lifetime of Ru‐py was revealed by using the density function theory calculations, which is originated from the triplet state equilibrium between the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) state and the intraligand (3IL) state. The upconversion fluorescence of 2‐substituted anthracene derivatives (DTACl, DTACN and DNACN) sensitized by Ru‐ph and Ru‐py in DMF was investigated under monochromatic 488 nm excitation with an ultralow power density of 40 mW/cm2. Among them, Ru‐py/DTACl presents the highest upconversion quantum yield (7.4 %). It is found that a small energy gap between the triplet states of sensitizer and emitter helps to increase upconversion quantum yield besides the high triplet‐triplet annihilation efficiency and fluorescence radiation of emitter and the long triplet lifetime of sensitizer.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedrons Confined Fe–P Nanocrystals as High‐Efficiency Bifunctional Catalysts for Aqueous Zn−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wang Lei , Yang Hui , Gao Sanshuang , Liu Yifan , Zhang Shusheng , Chen Yu , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun
Published: January 2022

Emerging Fe bonded with heteroatom P in carbon matrix (FePC) holds great promise for electrochemical catalysis, but the design of highly active and cost‐efficient FePC structure for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and aqueous ZnCO2 batteries (ZCBs) is still challenging. Herein, polyhedron‐shaped bifunctional electrocatalysts, FeP nanocrystals anchored in N‐doped carbon polyhedrons (Fe‐P@NCPs), toward a reversible aqueous ZnCO2 battery, are reported. The Fe‐P@NCPs are synthesized through a facile strategy by using self‐templated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), followed by an in situ high‐temperature calcination. The resultant catalysts exhibit aqueous CO2RR activity with a CO Faradaic efficiency up to 95% at −0.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to the previously best‐reported values of FeNC structure. The as‐constructed ZCBs with designed Fe‐P@NCPs cathode, show the peak power density of 0.85 mW cm−2 and energy density of 231.8 Wh kg−1 with a cycling durability over 500 cycles, and outstanding stability in terms of discharge voltage for 7 days. The high selectivity and efficiency of the battery are attributed to the presence of highly catalytic FeP nanocrystals in N‐doped carbon matrix, which can effectively increase the number of catalytically active sites and interfacial charge–transfer conductivity, thereby improving the CO2RR activity.
Tunable Assembly of Organic–Inorganic Molecules into Hierarchical Superstructures as Ligase Mimics for Enhancing Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Sun Hua , Wang Chenlong , Zheng Wenchen , Han Qiang , Liang Qionglin
Published: January 2022

The assembly of molecules into hierarchical superstructures is ubiquitous in the construction of novel geometrically complex hierarchical superstructures, attracting great attention. Herein, a metal–ligand cross‐linking strategy is developed for the fabrication of ferric ion–dopamine coordination hierarchical superstructures. A range of superstructures with highly complex morphologies, such as flower‐like, octopus‐like, and hedgehog‐like superstructures, are synthesized. The mechanism for formation of hierarchical superstructures involves the pre‐cross‐linking of ferric ion with dopamine molecules, the fabrication of iron–dopamine precursors aggregated into the spherical aggregates, the nanoscale aggregates sintering and ordering themselves upon equilibration, the nanodots polymerizing into nanorods, and finally the nanorods self‐assembling into hierarchical superstructures. In‐depth research illustrates that as the permittivity (ξ) of the reaction system increases, the resulting hierarchical superstructures tend to converge into spherical shape. As a proof of concept, the 0D nanospheres, 1D nanorods, and 3D hierarchical superstructures are fabricated through adjusting system permittivity. The hierarchical superstructure is utilized as peroxidase‐like ligase mimics to enhance the effect of tumor photothermal treatment. Further in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the hierarchical superstructure can effectively ablate tumor cells. This work opens new horizons in hierarchical superstructures with complex architectures, and has great potential in nanozymology, biomedical science, and catalysis.
Micro‐Nano Motors with Taxis Behavior: Principles, Designs, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gao Chao , Feng Ye , Wilson Daniela A. , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei
Published: January 2022

As a novel mobile nanodevice, micro‐nano motors (MNMs) can convert the energy of the surrounding environment into mechanical motion. With this unique ability, they promise revolutionary potential in bio‐applications including precise drug delivery, bio‐sensing, and noninvasive surgery. Yet for practically reaching the target and fulfilling these tasks in dynamically changing bio‐environment, environment adaptivity beyond propulsion is important yet challenging. MNMs with taxis behavior/autonomous target‐seeking ability offer a desirable solution. These motors can adaptively move to the target location and complete the task. Thanks to the persistent efforts of researchers, tactic MNMs have shown automatic navigation to target under various energy fields, not only in static environments, but also in shear rheological conditions that simulate blood flow. Therefore, tactic motors with self‐targeting capability lay a concrete foundation for targeted drug delivery, cell transplantation, and thrombus ablation. This review systematically presents the moving principle, design, and biological applications of tactic MNMs under different energy fields. Through in‐depth analysis of state‐of‐art progress, the obstacles of the field and possible solutions are discussed. With the continuous innovation and breakthroughs of multi‐disciplinary researchers, MNMs with taxis behavior are expected to provide a revolutionary solution for cancer and other major diseases in the biomedical field.