bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-COMMERCE PHYSICAL LAYER SECURITY: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF EAVESDROPPER ATTACK IN WIRELESS NETWORKS
Authors: Nikolić Zorica , Smilić Marko
Published: November 2023

The evolution of technology and the internet led to the opening of infinite ways to engage with consumers worldwide. The idea of everything taking place online is now applicable for the finance and banking sector as well. The system of online wallets and e-transactions have become very common as a mode of payment. But handling money on a network is also dangerous as hackers may break into the firewall. The security wireless communication in e-commerce has received extensive attention recently. This paper offers an analytical framework to investigate the eavesdropping attacks over wireless communication link. Eavesdropping attack, as one of typical security threats in wireless communication systems, has attracted considerable attention. We will observe the physical layer security of an arbitrarily dimensioned wireless network in the presence of an unauthorized attacker. In this paper, we will explain different models of eavesdropping and attacks. Also, we will consider basic performance of the system such are secrecy outage probability (SOP), strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) and average secrecy capacity (ASC) based on a probability density function (PDF) and specific cumulative distribution function (CDF).
INTERIM MEASURES OF PROTECTION, ORDER OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE OF 07 DECEMBER 2021, IN CASE OF APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (ARMENIA v. AZERBAIJAN) and (AZERBAIJAN v. ARM
Authors: Salkiewicz/Munnerlyn Ewa
Published: November 2023

Interim measures of protection in the Order of the International Court of Justice of 07 December 2021 in Armenia vs Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan vs Armenia. The article examines the ICJ order indicating provisional measures on the application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia vs Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan vs Armenia) of 07 December 2021. Various aspects of the traditional requirements for the indication of provisional measures will be presented based on the jurisprudence of the ICJ, particularly with regard to its binding force, following the LaGrand judgment in which the Court clarified that its provisions on provisional protection are binding. One new requirement - the plausibility of protected rights - formulated by the Court for the first time in Belgium vs Senegal is also presented.
UNIFICATION OF STANDARDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MEDICAL DEVICES – CASE OF THE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Authors: Żyłka Bartłomiej
Published: November 2023

The entry into force of the free trade agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Korea on July 1, 2011 (EFTA) eliminated customs duties on 98.7% of products and removed non-tariff barriers to the export of key goods between them. The agreement in question is in many respects a pioneering solution both due to the broad subject of regulation and the degree of liberalization of trade, but also due to the fact that it is the first free trade agreement concluded by the European Union with an Asian country and the first so-called "next generation". Thanks to the implementation of the provisions of the agreement, the parties managed not only to reverse the negative balance of bilateral trade, but also to change the material structure of imports and exports of goods, among which medical devices play an increasingly important role, together with pharmaceutical products generate an annual trade surplus of EUR 60 billion. This article analyzes the functioning of the medical device market in the context of EFTA EU-Republic of Korea pointing to the need for the parties to take steps to harmonize medical device certification standards with particular emphasis on the potential of MDSAP
IMPORTANCE OF BIOCOMPUTING AND BIOINFORMATIC
Authors: Sain Manoj K. , Kumari Bersha , Yogi Karan , Mahawar Sagar
Published: November 2023

Drug design is an expensive, time-consuming, and often unsuccessful process. To avoid this liability, FDA-approved drugs are rapidly repurposed using computational drug repositioning techniques to predict their potential therapeutic benefits in treating various diseases. To find FDA-approved anti-AD drugs, this computational study used methods such as protein modelling, shape-based screening, molecular docking, pharmacogenomics, and molecular dynamics simulation. Using the homology model, the predicted structure of the MADD protein was generated and characterized. Use of various IT tools. The drugs were filtered based on their structural similarity, and donepezil and galantamine were included as standard drugs. The primary and secondary structural features of the protein were calculated using ProtParam and SOPMA, respectively, which revealed that the protein was composed of random coil (41.71%), helix (36.23%), extended fibres (14.06%), and b exists. Consists of. Sales (8.00%). The three-dimensional structure of P. falciparum PABP was not yet available in the PDB. Therefore, homology models of these proteins were developed using the SWISS-MODEL, PHYRE2, and I-TASSER web servers. The models were visualized using RASMOL and their reliability was checked using PROCHECK, Verify3D, and QMEAN. 92.64% of the residues in the predicted model have a mean 3D-1D score. 0.2, indicating that the predicted model matches the sequence. Protein-protein and residue-residue interaction networks were generated from STRING and RING servers, respectively. The 3D ligand server was used to analyse the binding sites of the modelled PABP. This planned structure of P. falciparum PABP will contribute significantly to a better understanding of the protein's function in translation regulation in the parasite and could also provide targets for new therapeutic candidates
A REVIEW OF THE USES OF ARRAYS IN PROGRAMMING
Authors: Sanga Allen Anmol Ratan , Rathore Ajeet , Purohit Abhay , Sharma Srishti
Published: November 2023

The accessing, manipulating, and operation of vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays is done through a compact, powerful, and expressive syntax that has been offered by array programming. The idea of mathematical properties such as the commutative property, reveals that the change in the order of the components or factors does not influence the product of the components. In this paper, we have evaluated that the fundamentals of array conduct an unembellished and influential programming paradigm for sorting, traversing, and analyzing factual data
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONSERVATION
Authors: Rautela Kamakshi , Kumawat Kalpana , Rahman Fardeen , Patidar Hari Om
Published: November 2023

This paper presents and explores how to improve environmental sustainability with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). This study evaluates the potential environmental benefits of ai adoption, such as reductions in climate change, agriculture, ocean health, water resources, weather forecasting, and disaster resiliency. Upon conducting a thorough analysis of the available literature, it was found that there is a research deficiency in the utilization of artificial intelligence and decision support systems, as well as optimization models. This study employs qualitative analysis to explore sustainable uses of ai and the environmental impact of ai. It emphasizes. The importance of promoting environmental sustainability through ai and proposes “environmental sustainability. By ai" approach as a prerequisite for developing transparent, responsible, and human-centered ai systems. The study primarily focuses on identifying ways in which ai can be utilized for sustainable environmental practices, with a particular emphasis on the role of ai in promoting environmental sustainability. This study has some limitations, one of which is its limited scope. The paper does not provide an extensive analysis of global environmental policies, which could potentially identify areas for cooperation or common ground. Additionally, the study's focus on environmental sustainability means that it neglects the economic and social aspects of sustainability, which could be further explored. The study can aid stakeholders in comprehending global efforts to enhance environmental sustainability through the implementation of ai.
THE ETHICS OF AI IN HEALTHCARE: PRIVACY AND DATA SECURITY
Authors: Agarwal Kshitiz , Gupta Jaya , Shrivastava Deepesh , Dadhich Bhupendra
Published: November 2023

AI have done major role in human life now I have become a part of human life I have done in so many roles in various field to make human life easy now ai playing a role in health care. We see that lots of news about cybercrime and hacking of data and online fraud from accounts and other things hackers hacks our mobile and keep text data so of our medicine data and our health data how will be safe by machine learning and ai. We use like phoneme and other things in internet then we first give priority to our privacy then it is general question that if ai I will take a look in our health it is important thing but if it done then how our privacy will be safe how our data and our cyber is being saved by hackers we know that hackers use lots of things to hacks our data if they hack our medicine and other our medical report then it will dangerous so it is a general question of humans that if ai is used in their health sector then how will they safe your data.
IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION ‘KAVACH’
Authors: Prajapati Dhananjay Kantibhai , Sharma Ravi , Sharma Varun , Sharma Atul Kumar
Published: November 2023

The main purpose of Kavach is to protect the train from accidents. After seeing so many accidents in the train, Indian Railways implemented an indigenous technology which is called Kavach. Kavach is an indigenously developed automatic train protection (ATP) system. This system has been developed by the Research Design & Standards Organization (RDSO). This cover is the world's cheapest and indigenous train protection system. This system activates the automatic brake system in the train if the loco pilot stops controlling the train. What I fail to do is that this system automatically controls our trains and it will cost only Rs 50 lakh per kilometer to install this system. While the cost of this system is around Rs 2 crore, if this system is confirmed then this system will be exported all over the world. This technology was tested on 4 March 2022. In which Rail Minister Ashwini Vaishnav was in one locomotive and GM of South-Central Railway in the other locomotive, this test was conducted between Gulgudda and passed Chitgidda railway station. During this test, both the trains came face to face in their scheduled speed. While moving, the Kavach system got activated and automatic brake system got activated in both the locomotives and both the locomotives stopped at a distance of 380 meters. In which jumping the red signal was also tested.
A REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF AI ON VARIOUS INDUSTRIES
Authors: Jha Amit , Sen Gaurav , Kulshrestha Geeta , Tulsi Piyush
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence is one of the most used words in this world these days. It refers to a manmade software used for intelligence. It has a capability to think like a human and it give a spontaneous reaction to every question that we asked. It has a large amount of information that a human cannot have it in their brain. From last decade ai has developed a lot. Ai is very useful in many of the fields. Many industries are using ai for promoting their product and to manage things like accounts, technology, sales, etc. Even ai can detect problems if any. Many researchers have explained the pros and cons of ai in various field. The major con of ai is that it can give wrong information sometimes. It has replaced many employees now a days. Artificial intelligence offers self assists to human beings. It is helpful in all the fields.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF ROBOTICS
Authors: Sharma Indrani , Chauhan Pawan Singh , Jakhar Shyo Prakash , Mishra Adarsh
Published: November 2023

What is a robot? "a reprogrammable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks" is the definition of an industrial robot given by the robot industries association (ria). The scientific field of robotics focuses on the creation, application, and maintenance of mechanical robots in technology and engineering. The field of robotics is the fusion of science, engineering, and design that produces robots—machines that mimic or replace human behaviour. Pop culture has long piqued the interest of robotics in r2-d2 from the prime optimus. E-wall. Humanoid robot designs generally sound like parodies of the genuine thing. Perhaps they are still more progressive than we realize. With time robots have been gaining structural and intellectual capacities, which does not rule out the potential of an r2-d2 like gadget in the future. In the automotive industry, 90% of all robots were used in the production of cars in 2005. The main element of these robots is mechanical arms used to screw or solder other car parts. As of right now, the field of robotics has expanded and grown to include the development, production, and implementation of robots that can operate in the most difficult environments on earth, assist law enforcement, and even assist in nearly every aspect of healthcare. Even though the automotive industry is still in its infancy, amazing progress has already been made. From the deepest depths of space to the lowest seas, robots are seen accomplishing feats that humans could never imagine. The idea of robotics in the modern world will be addressed in this paper. In the fields of manufacturing and science, robotics is one of the most well-known divisions. Here, engineers work consistently to create robots that can perform specific tasks and produce the right results. As technology advances, every engineer hopes to have a robot with zero errors, but this is becoming increasingly impossible to attain. We can consider it, but 0% still doesn't mean that there won't be any errors—rather, it means that you will always receive the right response to every question.
DATA ANYLYTICS AND VISUALIZATION FOR IOT DATA
Authors: Bhat Neeraj , Chaturvedi Poonam , Goyal Vanshika , Bansal Vrinda
Published: November 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way records is amassed, transmitted, and utilized in numerous domain names, including healthcare, manufacturing, clever cities, and agriculture. As IoT structures preserve to proliferate, the extent and complexity of statistics generated require sturdy information analytics and visualization strategies to extract treasured insights. This research paper explores the significance of information analytic s and visualization within the context of IoT, discusses the demanding situations, and gives key methodologies and tools for superior choice-making.
A Review of Educational, Psycho-Social, and Attitudinal Challenges in Addressing the Needs of Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Education
Authors: Negash Mr. Ibsa , Yadavalli Dr. Pavan Kumar
Published: November 2023

This review addressed challenges to addressing the needs of students with disabilities in inclusive Ethiopia related to educational, psychosocial, and attitudinal challenges. In order to conduct the review, the reviewer downloaded relevant articles on the topic, read them thoroughly, and selected 10 relevant articles for a review. The review employed a narrative review, in which major findings of the articles were narrated according to their similarities under three themes (i.e., education, psychosocial, and attitude). First, the analysis of studies demonstrated that the education of students in inclusive settings is far from practical and not as speculated in different policy frameworks and strategies. It is hindered by barriers related to a lack of educational material resources, a lack of skilled manpower on the issue of educating students with disabilities, and an inaccessible physical environment for SWDs to enroll in school. Second, psychosocial problems related to students with disabilities are observed due to their disabilities; there is discrimination, prejudice, and the stereotype that students with disabilities do not have access to equal opportunities, as well as an unpleasant relationship among the school community and students. This makes students with disabilities poor at social interaction, leads them to worry about their disabilities, and leads them to live separately. Third, the attitude of society's way of thinking and perception of persons with disabilities as weak, unable, hopeless, dependent, and unable to learn prevailed, and they were considered the subject of charity from the side of teachers, the school community, and students without disabilities. These challenges intensify the impact of disability on individuals and social aspects in general. Based on these facts, the necessity of removing barriers to learning and practice to raise awareness of disability through ongoing training of societies, an accessible environment, equipping schools, and working on raising awareness helps overcome the challenges.
Europa Mediterránea: Peregrinos y guerreros, peregrinos guerreros
Authors: Vetere Benedetto
Published: November 2023

El artículo analiza en primer lugar la relación entre espacio, tiempo y peregrinación en el interior “de los diversos estratos y clases sociales”. De estas consideraciones deriva ante todo la neta división entre, por un lado, la peregrinación del mundo rural, vinculada a la producción de la tierra, y por eso religiosa, y por otro, la peregrinación de la sociedad urbana, del comerciante relacionado con las manufacturas, y por lo tanto laica. Asimismo, se aborda la peregrinación judicial, que se difundió especialmente en el Flandes del siglo XIV. En segundo lugar, el espacio se define geográfica y culturalmente como mediterráneo, determinado por el carácter universal de la religión cristiana. Por último, el autor aborda la unidad del “espacio cristiano” a lo largo de los siglos y su repercusión sobre las peregrinaciones a partir del siglo XI, cuando el enfrentamiento con los árabes y la defensa de la unidad de la Iglesia concretaron la idea de la Guerra Santa. En esta época, la inseguridad en los Caminos terrestres y marítimos que conducían a las metas de la peregrinación determinaron la aparición de las Órdenes monástico-caballerescas, con la novedad del monacus-miles y del cruzado, fenómeno analizado en los textos de Guillermo de Tiro, en el Liber ad milites Templi de Bernardo de Claraval, y en la Chanson de Roland.
La peregrinación a Santiago de Compostela y el poder pontificio entre los siglos XII y XV
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Xosé M.
Published: November 2023

En el presente artículo analizaremos la peregrinación a Santiago de Compostela a lo largo de la Edad Media, desde una perspectiva diferente a la tradicional, tomando como fuente las comunicaciones pontificias a Compostela entre los siglos XII y XV. Pondremos el hecho peregrinatorio jacobeo en relación con el poder pontificio y la comunicación mantenida por diversos pontífices con la Iglesia de Santiago acerca de distintas cuestiones relacionadas con la peregrinación compostelana. Esta peregrinación se ha ido configurando y fijando paulatinamente con el devenir del Medievo y se entrecruza con múltiples disposiciones emanadas del pontificado, lo que nos permitirá profundizar en su caracterización y en algunas de sus líneas evolutivas.
Ordenación de conjuntos medievales en el Camino de Santiago: traslado y restauración de Portomarín (Lugo)
Authors: Castro Fernández Belén M.
Published: November 2023

A mediados del siglo XX el Estado español pone en marcha el “Plan de Restauración de Lugares Jacobeos”, como apoyo a la revitalización del Camino de Santiago, dirigido por el arquitecto Francisco Pons-Sorolla. Las principales medidas consisten en la restauración de monumentos y en la ordenación urbana de conjuntos históricos. El conjunto de Portomarín (Lugo) –etapa del Camino Francés– protagoniza un episodio singular: su traslado a un nuevo emplazamiento que supone una importante modificación de su esquema organizativo medieval y de sus principales referentes arquitectónicos. La edificación más emblemática de este conjunto es la iglesia románica de San Xoán, sometida a un ejercicio de restauración historicista con el objetivo de recuperar su espíritu medieval.
New research on the history of the construction of the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Nicolai Bernd , Rheidt Klaus
Published: November 2023

An interdisciplinary project by the BTU (Brandenburgische Technische Universität) Cottbus (Germany) and the University of Bern (Switzerland) is analysing the construction of the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The in-depth study of the construction through an accurate planimetric survey of the walls and a complete study of the documentation concerning the sculpture has led to knowledge of several changes in the architecture and the sculptural programme due to substantial modifications in the initial project. This article uncovers several changes previous to the consecration in 1211, especially in the crypt, the Pórtico de la Gloria and the western gallery. Likewise further results of a project to reconstruct the primitive form of the medieval cathedral and subsequent are also anticipated. This project also considers the initial project and the various different architectural concepts on which the subsequent remodelling was based, and analyses the various different stages of construction in relation to the typological development of Romanesque churches of pilgrimage.
Mountains and Pilgrims Along the Roads to Santiago
Authors: Piccar Mario
Published: November 2023

La montaña fue para todo el Medievo un elemento natural del paisaje con el que los hombres tenían que contar forzosamente. Por esta razón entró a formar parte del patrimonio de las emociones que muchos narradores, sobre todo viajeros-peregrinos, quisieron expresar en diversas lenguas. Un ejemplo excelente de los problemas relativos al ascenso o paso de las montañas de los diversos países señalados y de sus múltiples representaciones mentales se contiene en los textos que se integran en la rica tradición odepórica de los viajes a Santiago de Compostela. Aquí las referencias culturales son continuas e insistentes: algunas veces, la idea de la montaña evoca cultos y tradiciones de la civilización antigua; otras, los peligros concretos que supone atravesarlas, sobre todo durante los meses invernales, representan una señal viva de las presencias diabólicas y, por último, otras veces se convierten en “notas de actualidad” de un momento histórico en el que los infelices, como lobos a la caza de presas, buscaban, en las montañas, la posibilidad de huir de su triste destino. Aun así, en la peregrinación a Santiago existían montañas especiales, lugares puros donde lo sagrado resplandece: algunas en localidades próximas al punto de partida; otra, importante, en la entrada a las tierras de España, pero la más grande, la del “gozo”, se elevaba a las puertas de la ciudad de Santiago. Estas notas quieren ser una breve invitación a recorrer, aunque sólo sea virtualmente, el encuentro con esas montañas y su ascensión.
Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela and papal power in the 12th to 15th centuries
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Xosé M.
Published: November 2023

In this article we will analyse the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela during the Middle Ages from a different perspective from the traditional one, taking as our source the papal communications to Compostela throughout the 12th-15th centuries. We will set the act of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in relation to papal power and the communication maintained by several popes with the Church of Santiago concerning various questions connected with the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage. A pilgrimage that formed and established itself gradually with the process of development of the Middle Ages, and which was interwoven with various regulations coming from the papacy, which will enable us to go deeper into its characterization and some of its evolutionary lines.
Novas investigacións sobre a historia da construción da catedral de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Nicolai Bernd , Rheidt Klaus
Published: November 2023

Un proxecto interdisciplinar da BTU Cottbus (Alemaña) e a Universidade de Berna (Suíza) está analizando a construción da catedral románica de Santiago de Compostela. O profundo estudo da construción a través dun exacto levantamento planimétrico dos muros e dun completo traballo de documentación da escultura permitiu coñecer diversas modificacións na arquitectura e no programa escultórico ocasionadas por cambios substanciais no anteproxecto. Este traballo deixa constancia de varios cambios anteriores á consagración do ano 1211, particularmente na cripta, o Pórtico da Gloria e a tribuna occidental. Así mesmo, anticípanse outros resultados dun proxecto que reconstrúe a forma primitiva da catedral medieval e as modificacións posteriores, investiga o anteproxecto e os diferentes conceptos arquitectónicos nos cales se basearon as remodelacións posteriores, e analiza as distintas fases da construción en relación co desenvolvemento tipolóxico das igrexas de peregrinación románicas.
Montañas e peregrinos nos Camiños de Santiago
Authors: Piccat Marco
Published: November 2023

A montaña foi, para todo o Medievo, elemento natural da paisaxe co cal os homes tiñan que contar por forza; por esta razón entrou a formar parte do patrimonio das emocións que moitos narradores, nomeadamente os viaxeiros-peregrinos, quixeron expresar en diversas linguas. Un exemplo excelente dos problemas relativos ao ascenso ou paso das montañas dos diversos países sinalados e das súas múltiples representacións mentais contense nos textos que se integran na rica tradición odepórica das viaxes a Santiago de Compostela. Aquí as referencias culturais deveñen continuas e insistentes: algunhas veces, a idea da montaña evoca cultos e tradicións da civilización antiga; outras, os perigos concretos que supón atravesalas, sobre todo durante os meses invernais, representan un sinal vivo das presenzas diabólicas, e por último, outras veces convértense en “notas de actualidade” dun momento histórico no cal os infelices, coma lobos á procura de presas, buscaban, nas montañas, a posibilidade de fuxir ao seu triste destino. Aínda así, na peregrinación a Santiago existían montañas especiais, lugares puros onde o sagrado resplandece: algunhas en localidades próximas ao punto de partida; outra, importante, na entrada ás terras de España, pero a máis grande, a do “gozo”, erguíase ás portas da cidade de Santiago. Estas notas queren ser unha breve invitación a percorrer, aínda que sexa virtualmente, o encontro con esas montañas e a súa ascensión.
Ferragut, defensor de Nájera
Authors: López Martínez-Morás Santiago
Published: November 2023

Ferragut, xigante sarraceno defensor de Nájera, protagoniza no Pseudo Turpín un dos capítulos cruciais para a consagración de Roldán como combatente cristián. Non obstante, a crónica latina non reproduce de forma mimética o comportamento e a morfoloxía propios deste tipo de guerreiros nos documentos épicos; tamén se lle atribúe aspectos innovadores que certos textos en lingua vernácula matizan ou modifican en profundidade, enriqueciéndoos mesmo con episodios inexistentes na fonte latina ou coa creación de personaxes adicionais.
Ordenación de conxuntos medievais no Camiño de Santiago: traslado e restauración de Portomarín (Lugo)
Authors: Castro Fernández Belén M.
Published: November 2023

A mediados do século XX o Estado español pon en marcha o “Plan de Restauración de Lugares Jacobeos” como apoio á revitalización do Camiño de Santiago e dirixido polo arquitecto Francisco Pons-Sorolla. As principais medidas consisten na restauración de monumentos e na ordenación urbana de conxuntos históricos. O conxunto de Portomarín (Lugo) –etapa do Camiño Francés– protagoniza un episodio singular: o seu traslado a un novo lugar con importante modificación do esquema organizativo medieval e dos principais referentes arquitectónicos. A edificación máis emblemática deste conxunto é a igrexa románica de San Xoán, sometida a un exercicio de restauración historicista co obxectivo de recuperar o seu espírito medieval.
«Más rubicundos que un elefante viejo fueron los apóstoles» ("Liber Sancti Iacobi", 1, 2)
Authors: Anguita Jaén José María
Published: November 2023

Un pasaje bíblico especialmente oscuro (Lm. 4, 7) da lugar a una extraña interpretación en el sermón calixtino Vigilie noctis sacratissime (LSI 1, 2). En este trabajo se ofrecen algunas de las circunstancias que propiciaron el que un autor de buen nivel general haya podido incurrir en un error de tanto bulto. Entre ellas están, en primer lugar, los problemas que el fragmento bíblico plantea en la versión Vulgata; y en segundo, la utilización de un método exegético de delicado manejo, por las grandes posibilidades que ofrece al ingenio y a la imaginación, y a sus contrarios. Por último, se conecta el intento exegético calixtino con una cadena de comentarios sobre el mismo pasaje de las Lamentaciones, que nos lleva desde Gregorio Magno (s. VI) hasta los autores que pudieron leer y utilizar el sermón calixtino, ya a finales del s. XII o principios del s. XIII. La comparación deja ver cómo el autor del Vigilie noctis se inscribe de lleno dentro de una tradición interpretativa que, en su tiempo, y quizá por dar lugar a comentarios como el suyo, estaba cercana a su fin.
A devoção e a peregrinação jacobeias em Portugal
Authors: de Magalhães Ribeiro da Cunha Arlindo
Published: November 2023

Afirmo sin ningún tipo de duda que Portugal es el país europeo donde la devoción y la peregrinación jacobeas han penetrado más profundamente en el alma popular. He mencionado la devoción y la peregrinación, pero esta afirmación necesita una base documental de apoyo. Es precisamente esto lo que me propongo comenzar a hacer en el presente trabajo al que espero que le continúe al menos un segundo. En este inicial, las noticias más antiguas nos cuentan que la devoción ya existía en el siglo IX, ¡la iglesia parroquial de Castelo de Neiva (Viana do Castelo) fue consagrada en el año 862! La peregrinación llegaría a continuación, cuando en 899 se desplazaron a Compostela cinco obispos del territorio que hoy es portugués para la consagración de la segunda basílica allí dedicada a Santiago. No eran peregrinos propiamente pero abrieron un camino que en seguida vería nacer toda una estructura asistencial que cuidaba de los caminantes. Sin embargo, hay muchas otras y variadas pruebas de la antigüedad y de la intensidad de la peregrinación, así como de la devoción al Apóstol, diseminadas por tierras portuguesas que deberán quedar para un segundo momento.
Una posible vía de peregrinación por la Cataluña interior
Authors: Malé Miranda Gemma
Published: November 2023

Cuando en Cataluña se habla de las vías de peregrinación, a veces, uno tiene la sensación que la única vía existente era aquella que penetraba desde Francia por el paso de Perthus, seguía hacia la Junquera, pasaba por Figueres y llegaba a Girona donde se podía desviar hacia el interior, pasando por Ripoll, Vic, Manresa y Montserrat, o seguir hacia el sur, hasta llegar a Barcelona, para retroceder hacia Montserrat, pasar por Igualada y llegar a Lérida donde conectaba con otra ramificación de la ruta que llegaba desde Tarragona siguiendo el Ebro. Así pues, desde Lérida, los peregrinos venidos de Barcelona o de Tarragona se dirigían a Zaragoza y continuaban su camino hacia Compostela. Ciertamente esta ruta tuvo un gran éxito a partir de los siglos XII y XIII pero hemos de tener en cuenta que los primeros peregrinos catalanes a Compostela se han documentado a finales del siglo X y principios del siglo XI momento, en que el valle del Ebro se encontraba bajo la influencia musulmana. Por consiguiente, no creo que la ruta del Ebro fuera muy atrayente y debemos plantearnos qué otro camino podían seguir estos primeros devotos de Santiago. Una posibilidad es la que aquí presento una ruta, más alejada de la amenaza musulmana, que discurre por la denominada Cataluña interior.
Diego Gelmírez: Un archevêque de Compostelle “pro-français”?
Authors: Rucquoi Adeline
Published: November 2023

El renombre de Diego Gelmírez, obispo inicialmente, más tarde arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela (1100-1140), presenta abundantes vínculos con Francia. Se asocia a la abadía borgoñona de Saint-Pierre de Cluny, al maestro de la elocuencia que hizo venir de Francia, a los canónigos a quienes hizo partir, a Raimundo de Borgoña, conde de Galicia, al hermano de éste, el papa Calixto II, a la elaboración del Pseudo Turpín y de la Guía del peregrino a Santiago de Compostela, al viaje que realizó a Roma en 1105 atravesando Francia y al que quiso hacer en 1119 a Clermont, al “camino francés”. Este artículo estudia la tradición historiográfica que subyace a este papel atribuido a Francia, analiza las políticas emprendidas por Hugo de Cluny y Richard de San Víctor de Marsella en época de Alfonso VI de Castilla y León, presta atención a las alianzas establecidas por el prelado compostelano a lo largo de los decenios de administración de su iglesia, y muestra cómo, en circunstancias difíciles debido a exigencias reales y pontificales, Diego Gelmírez supo utilizar en su propio beneficio y en el de su sede todos los poderes extranjeros, eclesiásticos y laicos de su tiempo.
O canto de Graúna: uma poética da heterogeneidade nas literaturas indígenas brasileiras contemporâneas
Authors: Barros Randra Kevelyn Barbosa
Published: November 2023

A prática escritural desenvolvida por indígenas mostra que esse registro literário é um instrumento relevante na busca pela autonomia em um processo no qual se tornar agente de sua produção contribui para desconstruir a objetificação e os estereótipos frequentes na representação elaborada pelo olhar alheio. Graça Graúna, autora de origem potiguara, se insere dentro desse movimento de protagonismo e ativismo literário. No entanto, a escritora foge do paradigma associado à literatura de autoria indígena no Brasil na medida em que também aborda discussões que não estão diretamente ligadas à sua identidade potiguara.
New Data on the Expression of the Early Eocene Hyperthermals in Northern Bulgaria: Riben Section Revisited
Authors: Stoykova Kristalina , Koleva-Rekalova Elena , Vennemann Torsten , Ivanov Marin
Published: November 2023

We present new lithologic, nannofossil biostratigraphic and benthic carbon and oxygen isotope records for a marly-rich, 11 m thick Paleocene-Eocene section, now exposed at an old quarry at Riben Village, northern Bulgaria. The occurrence of NP9, NP10 and NP11 nannofossil zones is evidenced by detailed high-resolution nannofossil biostratigraphy. The carbon dissolution interval is marked by the abrupt drop of CaCO3 content and deposition of a clay interval at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ18O were performed on benthic-foraminiferal tests. An unusual two-fold carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in the PETM interval is documented (total negative shift of 2.89‰). Moreover, three paired negative excursions: two in the Paleocene within the PETM interval, upper NP9 zone, and one within the early Eocene, NP11 zone are identified. The most prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (4.90‰ negative shift) is related with ETM3 (or “X” event), 52.84 Ma ago.

Integration of nannofossil biostratigraphy, benthic stable isotope data sets and lithology unravel two separate early Eocene hyperthermal events: the PETM (= ETM1) and the ETM3 (= “X” event), recorded at Riben section.
Numerical Simulation of Liulin-MO Instrument for Measuring Cosmic Radiation Onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
Authors: Krastev Krasimir , Semkova Jordanka , Koleva Rositza
Published: November 2023

We present the results from numerical simulation of Liulin-MO instrument for measurement of the space radiation on board Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) satellite of ExoMars-2016 mission during its transit to Mars in April-September 2016 [Semkova J., T. Dachev, St. Maltchev, B. Tomov, Yu. Matviichuk} et al. (2015) Radiation environment investigations during ExoMars mission to Mars – objectives, experiments and instrumentation, C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 68 (4), 485–496] [Semkova J., R. Koleva, V. Benghin, T. Dachev, Yu. Matviichuk et al. (2018) Charged particles radiation measurements with Liulin-MO dosimeter of FREND instrument aboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter during the transit and in high elliptic Mars orbit, Icarus, 303, 53–66], using the Geant4 package. The methodology for calculating galactic cosmic rays (GCR) linear energy transfer (LET) is described. A methodology for screening false signals in the deposited energy spectra in the Liulin-MO detectors and correspondingly LET spectra is proposed. The contribution of the individual components of the spectrum of GCR in the LET spectrum is estimated. The calculated average radiation quality factor of GCR using the cleaned from false signals LET spectrum is compared with the experimental results obtained during the transit to Mars and a reasonable agreement is observed.
An Algorithm for Exploratory Analysis and Normalization of Big Data with Pandas
Authors: Zhekova Mariya
Published: November 2023

The digitization of business processes and the extraction of answers to user requests for big data are modern problems that are of great interest to scientists and researchers. The data generated so far, located in various corpora, is much more than can be analyzed. Therefore, they are collected, identified, cleaned and normalized to be used most adequately. Segmentation, assumptions and hypotheses contribute to the degree of satisfaction with the returned result. The research proposed a general method for collecting, cleaning and normalizing data from various sources, structurally modelling it into appropriate models, then testing hypotheses and analyzing the obtained results to conclude large academic data that will benefit the business in making management decisions. This is possible with the means of computational linguistics and with the help of Python data manipulation libraries.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Central Haemodynamic Parameters
Authors: Mileva-Popova Rene , Belova Nina
Published: November 2023

Ageing is one of the relevant cardiovascular risk factors. Non-invasive assessment of cardiac function is an important approach in preventive medicine. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on central haemodynamics. Seventy-six clinically healthy individuals were divided into four groups according to their age and gender. Applanation tonometry was applied using Sphygmocor device (AtCor, Australia). Pulse wave analysis was utilized for non-invasive assessment of central pressures (systolic, diastolic, mean, pulse, augmentation and end-systolic). Several important derivative indices such as augmentation index AIx75 $$(\frac{\rm Augmentation\ pressure}{\rm Pulse\ pressure}\times 100$$, corrected for heart rate 75 beats/minute), arterial elastance (Ea,$$\frac{\rm End - systolic\ pressure}{\rm Stroke\ volume})$$ and wasted effort (Ew) were computed. Ew is the ventricular force that is generated to overcome the late systolic peak and does not contribute to an increased stroke volume. Arterial stiffening was confirmed by the significantly higher central systolic and pulse pressures, AIx75 and arterial elastance in the middle-aged groups ($$P<0.01$$). Those alterations were most pronounced in middle-aged females in support to the concept for a postmenopausal effect of female gender beyond ageing. We have shown a positive correlation between Ew and Ea valid only for the middle-aged individuals ($$R=0.70$$, $$P<0.001$$) that coincided with similar correlation between Ea and AIx75 for the same age groups ($$R=0.53$$, $$P<0.001$$). Our supposition is that arterial stiffening contributes to the elevation of the `pulsatile' afterload thus impairing vascular/ventricular coupling and increasing myocardial load and oxygen demands. In conclusion, applanation tonometry and PWA provide reliable measures of central haemodynamics and myocardial afterload.
Relationships between Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contents and Major Soil Characteristics in Soils around the Former Kremikovtsi Metallurgical Plant Following Its Closure in 2009
Authors: Nenova Lyuba , Atanassova Irena , Stoykova Mariela , Dimitrov Emil , Kirilov Ivailo , Benkova Maya , Simeonova Tsetska , Harizanova Milena
Published: November 2023

Soils around the former metallurgical plant Kremikovtsi were subject of continued interest due to the environmental problems resulting from the plant's activities and especially heavy metal pollution. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contamination of the studied soils by metals and metalloids, several years after the closure of the plant (2009) and to relate their concentrations to basic soil parameters, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, clay content and total organic carbon, which will contribute to better assessment of their behaviour and remediation strategies. Total concentrations (aqua-regia) of the elements Al, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and As were determined. Elevated levels of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, and the metalloid arsenic (As) were found at the studied sites. Lead (Pb) exceeded maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), regulated by Bulgarian legislation for arable lands between 2 and 15 times, cadmium (Cd) between 3 and 5 times, arsenic (As) between 3 and 6 times, and zinc (Zn) was higher than MPC in three of the sampled sites. Soil pH values were in significant correlation with EC (R** = 0.805), CEC R** = 0.781), B (R* = 0.638), Cu (R* = 0.669), Fe (R** = 0.766) and Mn (R*** = 0.916) contents. Aluminium, cadmium, lithium and lead concentrations were related to the content of the clay fraction in soil. Positive correlation was obtained in multiple regression models between Pb, Al, Cd, TOC and soil pH, and negative relationship was observed with electrical conductivity (EC). The obtained results showed complex relationships between soil characteristics and the metals and metalloids, which emphasize the need for their simultaneous assessment, remediation and careful use for agricultural purposes.
Evaluation of pulmonary computed tomography angiography protocols: A multicenter audit in Togo
Authors: Gbande Pihou , Tchaou Mazamaesso , Dagbe Massaga , Bode Atcha Mousbaou , Sonhaye Lantam , Agoda-Koussema Lama Kegdigoma , Adjenou Komlanvi
Published: November 2023

Introduction : Pulmonary CT angiography is among the most challenging protocols to execute, with significant inter-center variability in image acquisition protocols and iodinated contrast media injection. This study aimed to ascertain whether the use of iodinated contrast media (ICM) and acquisition protocols are optimized during pulmonary CT angiography procedures.

Materials and methods : This multicentric cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical with a prospective data collection was conducted in three radiology departments in Togo. It encompassed all pulmonary CT angiography examinations carried out from March 1st to June 30th, 2023.

Results : In total, 89 patients, of which 52 were females (58.43%), were registered. The average age was 59.97±14.34 years. The average volume of injected ICM was 67.08±14.21 ml. The mean iodine dose was 0.31±0.07 gI/Kg. Catheters of 20 G (44.94%) and 18 G (43.82%) were most frequently used. The mean injection rate was 4.22±0.64 ml/s. The bolus test technique was the most employed (75.28%). The average acquisition delay was 17.77±12.26 seconds, while the average acquisition duration was 10.56±2.56 seconds. The average dose-length product (DLP) was 390.09±236.69 mGy.cm, and the average volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDI_vol) was 12.31±11.69 mGy. Vascular enhancement was insufficient in 7.87% of cases. No statistically significant difference was found on the rate of insufficient enhancement and optimization factors. Similarly, there was no enhancement difference between bolus test and bolus tracking techniques.

Conclusion : The vast majority of examinations allowed for optimal opacification of the pulmonary arteries. However, the optimization measures for the use of iodinated contrast media are not consistently applied.
Ropivacaine inhibits the malignant behavior of lung cancer cells by regulating retinoblastoma-binding protein 4
Authors: Jia Weiai , Shen Junmei , Wei Sisi , Li Chao , Shi Jingpu , Zhao Lianmei , Jia Huiqun
Published: November 2023

Background

Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic commonly used in regional nerve blocks to manage perioperative pain during lung cancer surgery. Recently, the antitumor potential of ropivacaine has received considerable attention. Our previous study showed that ropivacaine treatment inhibits the malignant behavior of lung cancer cells in vitro. However, the potential targets of ropivacaine in lung cancer cells have not yet been fully identified. This study aimed to explore the antitumor effects and mechanisms of action of ropivacaine in lung cancer.

Methods

Lung cancer A549 cells were treated with or without 1 mM ropivacaine for 48 h. Quantitative proteomics was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) triggered by ropivacaine treatment. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and analyze the most significant hub genes. Overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNA were used to modulate the expression of key DEPs in A549 and H1299 cells. MTS, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were performed to determine whether the key DEPs were closely related to the anticancer effect of ropivacaine on the malignant behavior of A549 and H1299 cells.

Results

Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 327 DEPs (185 upregulated and 142 downregulated proteins) following ropivacaine treatment. Retinoblastoma-binding protein 4 (RBBP4) was one of the downregulated DEPs and was selected as the hub protein. TCGA database showed that RBBP4 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer and was associated with poor patient prognosis. Inhibition of RBBP4 by siRNA resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation and invasive capacity of lung cancer cells and the induction of cell cycle arrest. Additionally, the results indicated RBBP4 knockdown enhanced antitumor effect of ropivacaine on A549 and H1299 cells. Conversely, the overexpression of RBBP4 using plasmids reversed the inhibitory effects of ropivacaine.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that ropivacaine suppresses lung cancer cell malignancy by downregulating RBBP4 protein expression, which may help clarify the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of ropivacaine.