bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School-Based Waste Management at SMP Negeri 2 Kupang
Authors: Adu Erna Yuliana , De Rozari Philiphi , Tokan Moses Kopong , Sukarjita I. Wayan , Refli .
Published: August 2021

This research aims at revealing the effect of knowledge, attitudes, behavior and motivation of students on school-based waste management at SMP Negeri 2 Kupang, finding out the school-based waste management model and the participation of school members in managing school waste at SMP Negeri 2 Kupang.

This research was conducted from January to July 2020 at SMP Negeri 2 Kupang. It was a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. The data was collected through observation, interviews, socialization, questionnaires, and documentation. The qualitative data analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Quantitative analysis used multiple linear regression test to analyze the factors that affected School Waste Management.

The results of the study indicated that knowledge, attitudes, behavior and motivation of students had a significant effect on school-based waste management at SMP N 2 Kupang because partial T statistical test and paired T test were positive after socialization with a significance level of 0.000. The waste management model at SMP N 2 Kupang is 3R program by forming a school-based waste management team that involves school members through socializing waste management, recycling waste by making products that can be used as learning media.
Critical Analysis of Translation Tests in 18 Specialized Translation Courses for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to describe and evaluate the current assessment practices prevalent in the different translation courses offered at the College of Languages and Translation (COLT). A sample of specialized translation final exams in 18 translation subject areas was collected.  Each final exam was analyzed in terms of the following: (1) # of English and Arabic source texts included on each final exam for each course (2) readability and difficulty level of texts included in the translation exams, (3) # of exams with a terminology subtest, (4) English and Arabic text length in words, (5) reliability, validity and discriminating power of final exams. Data analysis showed that 50% of the exams included one English text, 32% included 2 texts and 18% included 3 texts. Arabic texts were included in 73% of the exams. However, 59% of the exams included one Arabic text, 9% included two texts and 5% included 3 texts.  In Addition to English and Arabic texts, 56% of the exams included a vocabulary subtest.  41% do not have any Arabic texts. The English text length ranged between 66-430 words with a median length of 181 words. The Arabic text length ranged between 26-180 with a median length of 97. The typical Flesch Reading Ease of English texts was 40 and the typical Flesch-Kincaid Grade level score was 11. There were no significant differences among the different college levels nor different subject areas in text length or text difficulty level. Translation exams currently used at COLT lack validity, reliability, and discriminating power. Some reasons for lack of reliability and validity are given. Students’ views on translation exams are also reported. A model for more valid, reliable, and discriminating translation exams is given with students views of it as well.
Estimating Measurement Errors and Score Dependability of NECO 2019 Mathematics Examination
Authors: Okeaba James Uzomba , Esomonu Nkechi Patricia-Mary
Published: August 2021

This study estimated measurement error and score dependability in examinations using the Generalizability Theory. Scores obtained by the students (object of measurements) in examinations are affected by multiple sources of error (facets), and these scores are used in taking relative and absolute decisions about the students. There is, therefore, needed to estimate measurement error and score dependability to find the extent of the contributions of the facets to error in examination scores. Three research questions and one hypothesis were used to guide the study. The study population comprised 5,085 SS3 students of the 34 Government-owned senior secondary schools in Yenagoa LGA of Bayelsa State 2019/2020 academic session. 10 schools were selected using simple random sampling technic and the 1,525 SS3 students of the selected schools formed the sample. section A of the 2018 NECO Mathematics main paper and 2018 NECO Mathematics Marking Scheme were used to collect the data. EduG version 6.0-e based on ANOVA and Generalizability theory was used to answer the three research questions. A 95% confidence interval was computed using the standard error variance components to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that some hidden sources of error were at play in the study. the students’ facets (σ2S) made the highest contribution to measurement error in examination scores followed by the residual (σ2SIM). Also, the Students’ facet was significantly different (p< 0.05) in its contributions to measurement error, while the other facets and their interactions were not significantly different in their contribution to measurement error. Hence, Ho1 was not accepted for the students’ facet but accepted for other facets. An increase in the level of markers from 1 to 4 with level of items 5 yielded an outcome of 0.84 to 0.91 respectively, a generalizability coefficient of 0.94 high enough to rank order students according to their relative abilities in examinations was obtained when the level of markers was at 2 with an increment in level of items to 10. An index of dependability of 0.93 that is high enough to maximize reliability was obtained when we have level of markers at 2 and the items at 10.
Enhancing the Quality of Engineering Undergraduates through Effective Entrepreneurship Skills
Authors: Adebanji Bankole , Ogunlade Bamide Olusola , Adebayo Kayode James
Published: August 2021

The rate of unemployment in Nigeria is increasing everyday with almost two million young graduates entering into the labour markets every year. This is indeed very worrisome! This paper discussed the issues of unemployment among graduates and the need to create an enabling environment for new start-ups. The study used a descriptive research design of survey type in assessing the impacts of entrepreneurship skills on Nigerian engineering students. Sample size consisted of 132 lecturers selected from (public and private) universities and a polytechnic in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Questionnaire on Impact of Entrepreneurial Skills on Engineering Students (QIESES) was used to collect data. Test-retest method was used to determine reliability of the instrument, a coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency count, mean, standard deviation (SD) and T-test. The study revealed that public and private institution lecturers’ perception has significant effect on the challenges facing the implementation of entrepreneurial education in Nigerian tertiary institutions. It was therefore recommended that tertiary institutions should fulfill its roles as a major catalyst for technological advancement and economic growth. There is need to bring in to teaching, lecturers that are entrepreneurial inclined to develop study programs that enable students’ creativity, initiative thinking and enhances original leadership thinking.
Effects of Parameters on Cashew Nutshell and Cassava Binder Briquettes Densification: Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Kimutai Stephen K.
Published: August 2021

Densification improves the properties of loose biomass for use as fuels, and the process is a complex technological problem involving the interaction of variables that are interdependent on one another. The effects of process variables (pressure and dwell time) and a material variable (percentage binder, particle size, and mass) on the density of cashew nutshell and cassava binder briquettes were investigated using structural equation modelling (SEM) with the help of AMOS version 23 software. A furnace was used to carbonize cashew nut shells at temperatures of 250°C. The pulverized charcoal from the carbonization process was used to create briquettes with cassava paste as the binding medium. Different particle sizes of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm were used to create briquettes. Different compaction pressures (9.81 MPa, 19.6 MPa, and 29.42 MPa) were used in the absence and presence of various binder ratios (10%, 20% and 30%). SEM analysis found that factors pressure ((Path coefficient (b) = 493), binder percentage (b = 0. 406), mass (b = 0.257) and dwelling time (b = 0. 173) positively influence the density of cashew nutshell and cassava binder briquettes and conversely for particle size (b = - 0.505, C.R = - 6.010). In addition, SEM model showed that a particle size has the strongest effects on the density of the briquettes followed by compacting pressure and thirdly binder percentage. This study provides a better understanding of some of the factors that influence making of briquettes from cashew nutshell and cassava binder.
The Readiness Investigation of The Ground Soil Temperature for Underground Heat Exchange Systems Installation in Hot Climates
Authors: Ali Mohammed H. , Kurják Zoltán , Beke Janos
Published: August 2021

This present article investigates the possibility of the use of ground soil of hot climates for the investiture of it for cooling and heating aims by using it as an underground heat exchange. The study region is Al-Najaf city, 168.83 km south of Baghdad the capital of Iraq. This heat exchange represents one of the sustainable energy types which depends on the difference between the ambient air and ground soil temperature, which can lead to reducing the exhaustion of fossil fuels. To measure the soil temperatures during all the months of the year, A hole drilled to a depth of 5 meters, seven thermocouples has been installed at each depth (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m), and at the ground surface. The new experiment result of variation of the soil temperature with depth and during the year has been compared and evaluated in order to estimate the possibility of using Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) for heating or cooling purposes along the year. The result shows that the average temperature difference between the ground surface and ground soil temperature during the months increasing as the underground depth increases. The results have let it a perfect referral for the priorities of the use that location at equal to or more than 3 m depth for cooling during summer months (the temperature differences reach to 16.17 oC) rather than heating during winter months (the temperature differences reach to 10.76 oC). The less than 3 m depths can use it for precooling and preheating purposes because it is directly affected by the ambient temperature, which reduces the possibility of using it in a better way. The most significant results were the important negative temperature variances for testing location that becomes an emboldening factor in designing and researching other factors for the build clean, cheap, and efficient ground source heat exchange systems.
Household Energy Utilization Trends in Kenya: Effects of Peri Urbanization
Authors: Kimutai Stephen K. , Talai Stephen M.
Published: August 2021

Household energy utilization trends have been argued to be affected by the rate of urbanization. Therefore, due to lack of information there is need to understand the effects of peri urbanization. The main objective of this research was to investigate household energy utilization trends and the effects of peri urbanization on household energy utilization and changing behaviour. The research was carried out in the counties of Bungoma and Uasin-Gishu of Kenya. Random sampling technique was used to select 560 households from a target household of 663,739 and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that firewood is still the most common energy resource used for cooking in both rural and peri urban areas as evidenced by responses of 87.5% and 72.4%, respectively. The use of LPG (26 to 42%), charcoal (39.4% to 53.8%) and kerosene (14.3% to 17.3%) for cooking were found to increase as one move from rural to peri-urban and vice versa for agricultural residues (12.3% to 5.3%). Biogas uptake still represents a small fraction (11.4 to 14.6%) of the energy mix at local level. The use of solar for lighting showed reduction as one move from rural to peri urban (44.8% to 39.6%) and vice versa for kerosene (68.4% to 72%) and electricity (55.5% to 58.2%). In conclusion, this study showed that household energy utilization and changing behaviour in Kenya are affected by peri urbanization among others. This study offers understandings in enhancing household energy policy making in Kenya.
Application of Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) for Steel Welded Connection Based on BS7910 and DNV-RP-108
Authors: Aboalriha W.
Published: August 2021

The failure assessment diagram (FAD) method has been widely accepted to evaluate the extent to which cracks may affect structural safety. The usage of this FAD method has been validated and included in [1]-[3]. The structure under investigation, described in four fully welded T-joint (BCC5) specimens, where these welded joints are a source of stress concentration and defects from which fatigue cracks can grow. The four specimens were modeled under different displacement loading using a finite element analysis program Ansys and SolidWorks software. In this work, the application of a FAD (Lr, Kr) using maximum stress, cumulative stress ranges, and the last half-cycle stress range was investigated. The results are showing that all the points were lying outside the FAD curve except for the BCC5D specimen point was inside FAD when using maximum stress.

Conclusions made that the cumulative stress gives Lr and Kr are extremely large and hence predict failure too early. With the Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) of the test specimen assumed to be about 1mm rather than 0.1mm it was found that, if a FAD is to be used to indicate failure, then both Lr and Kr should be based on the maximum stress. It appears that the FAD methodology does help to predict the final failure (which is the usual application in such cases). This represents more effectively the structural behavior and would be more easily used by designers.
A Research on Determination of Some Properties of Butter Made from Creams Extracted from Whey and Milk
Authors: Çetinkaya Asya
Published: August 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of some production parameters on the characteristics of butters made from whey, which is an important dairy by-product, and creams obtained from milk.

The acidity values of milk, whey, cream, and butter were respectively detected as 0.17±0.00%, 0.13±0.01%, 0.22±0.01%, 0.24±0.01%, 0.26±0.00%, 0.25±0.01%, fat values were respectively detected as; 3.50±0.14%, 0.60±0.19%, 39.0±0.34%, 43.0±0.35%, 80.0±0.46%, 84.0±0.42% and protein values were respectively detected as; 3.30±0.19%, 0.68±0.03%, 0.93±0.12%, 0.54±0.03%, 0.51±0.02%, 0.58±0.00%. 10 saturated and 7 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in cream and whey butter samples. It was seen that the most common fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, myristic and oleic acid, and the amount of oleic, stearic and linoleic acid was higher in whey butter.

In conclusion, we can state that whey, which is an important dairy residue, can be used as an alternative raw material in butter production.
Utilization of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) Seed Milk for the Production of Textured Vegetable Protein
Authors: China M. Ameka Hamilton , Precious Olumati N. , Owuno Friday
Published: August 2021

textured vegetable proteins (tofu) using two coagulants namely: lime and calcium sulphide. The textured vegetable proteins were analyzed for their proximate composition and sensory properties. Proximate composition of the texture vegetable proteins revealed a range of 13.67-15.04% moisture, 1.39-3.51% ash, 16.56-21.32% fat, 34.75-48.00% crude protein, 6.64-14.21% crude fibre and 4.34-16.22% carbohydrate. Soymilk curd coagulated with calcium sulphide had higher ash and protein contents while fluted pumpkin seed milk curd coagulated with calcium sulphide had significantly (p<0.05) higher fat and crude fibre contents. There was no significant (p<0.05) difference in the crude protein, moisture, and carbohydrate content of the textured vegetable proteins. Mean sensory scores of the curds showed a range of 4.40-6.70 for colour, 5.05-6.50 for aroma, 3.20-5.20 for taste, 3.95-6.15 for texture, 3.55-6.25 for flavour and 4.18-6.65 for overall acceptability. The sensory result showed that soybean milk coagulated with calcium sulphide was the most preferred sample for all sensory attributes. Fluted pumpkin milk coagulated with calcium sulphide also had sensory attributed comparable with the of soybean milk coagulated with calcium sulphide. Mean sensory scores of fluted pumpkin seed milk and soybean milk curds coagulated with calcium sulphide were more preferred than the samples coagulated with lime juice. The study therefore recommends the use of fluted pumpkin seed milk coagulated with calcium sulphide for the production of tofu with sensory attributes and nutrient content comparable with soybean tofu.
Prediction of Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emission Based on Paddy Harvest Area in Lampung Province Indonesia using ARIMA on IPCC Model
Authors: Manik Tumiar K. , Timotiwu Paul B. , Pradana Onny Chrisna P.
Published: August 2021

Agricultural are significant sources of N2O emission. Lampung, Indonesia is an area dominated by agriculture including crops that emit N2O on their cultivation practices especially the fertilizers: paddy and vegetables. Last census in 2015 recorded that paddy fields were 1.321.120 ha and vegetables 99,284 ha with fertilizers recommendations were 200 kg/ha urea (without organic materials) and 150 kg/ha urea (if added with 2 tons/ha manure). This study aimed to estimate and predict N2O emissions based on the paddy field area using IPCC 2006 model. The IPCC model was applied to the paddy field data 1993 to 2012 from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture to estimate the N2O emission and then using Box Jenkins model to predict the emission for following years. The results showed that the prediction of N2O emission on the following years would be in the range of 0.282- 0.451Gg/year using only synthetic fertilizer and if added with organic fertilizers would be 5,846-9,359 Gg/year. These results were lower compared to some countries; however, this result was not implied that fertilizer recommendations in Lampung were safe since the results came from default numbers of the model. More researches should be conducted that local emission factors would be available that fertilizer recommendation could be evaluated.
Characteristics and Environmental Impact of Pozzolan in the Tombel Graben Quarry
Authors: Nkouathio David Guimolaire , Ntchambia Djeunou Éric Donaldo , Mohamed Rachid , Tengomo Nguimatsia Synthia , Chenyi Vohnyui Marie Louise
Published: August 2021

This work studies the characteristics of pyroclastic (materials) and evaluates the environmental impacts due to the opening of a pyroclastic quarry in the Tombel graben area saturated lime test, specific surface determination, mechanical resistivity index within long and short terms have been used to characterize pozzolan materials in the study area and it’s important to the cement industry while environmental impact was determined through soil permeability test and nuisance noise. From the results obtained, samples had very large specific surfaces (>3500 Cm2/g) and highly reactive with lime. The samples studied are in conformity with standard mechanical resistivity index SAI. For cement manufacture. The environmental impacts define an "absolute average" impacts relating to the opening of the quarry. Hence a particular attention is needed in this area of study and mitigation measures have been proposed.
Bayesian using Importance Sampling Technique of Weibull Regression with Type II Censored Data
Authors: Al omari Mohammed Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Keeping in view the Bayesian approach, the study aims to develop methods through the utilization of Jeffreys prior and modified Jeffreys prior to the covariate obtained by using the Importance sampling technique. For maximum likelihood estimator, covariate parameters, and the shape parameter of Weibull regression distribution with the censored data of Type II will be estimated by the study. It is shown that the obtained estimators in closed forms are not available, but through the usage of appropriate numerical methods, they can be solved. The mean square error is the criterion of comparison. With the use of simulation, performances of these three estimates are assessed, bearing in mind different censored percentages, and various sizes of the sample.
On Global Stability of Disease-Free Equilibrium in Epidemiological Models
Authors: Yusuf Tunde Tajudeen
Published: August 2021

This paper considers the problem of constructing appropriate Lyapunov function for establishing the global stability of a disease-free equilibrium in epidemiological models. A generalised algorithm is proposed and it is tested for some selected epidemiological models. Experience from the application of the algorithm on test examples shows that the algorithm is easy to use, less cumbersome, and yielded the desired result, particularly in models with homogeneous population. Thus, the proposed algorithm provides a direct approach for establishing global stability of disease-free equilibrium.
On Infinite Series and with Their Some Applications to Euler's Summation Formula
Authors: Abdel Rahman Abdel Radi Abdel Gadir , Mohammed Neama Yahia , Aljily Subhi Abdalazim , Mohammed Ali Nidal Elamen
Published: August 2021

Infinite series is still used in engineering, mathematical and physical sciences.In the modern area a great progress is made in the sciences of calculus in addition to what was accompanied by advances in infinite series and their some applications .The aims of this paper is to develop and introduces the infinite series and their some applications to Euler's summation , also we show and explain how to apply the infinite series in Euler's summation .We followed the induction mathematical method and found that : The relationship through the Euler's summation focused on the physical link questioner to make the study as an application for Euler's summation so it can be the beginning of advanced study in concept of the infinite series and their some applications to Euler's summation.
Some Classes of Co-Schwarzian Functions and Its Coefficient Inequality that Is Sharp
Authors: Rani Misha , Singh Gurmeet
Published: August 2021

In our present work, we defined an inequality called Fekete – Szegö Inequality for functions f(z) in the classes of starlike functions and convex functions along with subclasses of these classes.
Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Report Outlining Surgical and Unique Pharmacologic Management in the Absence of Enteral Access
Authors: Diko Sindi , Johnston Jackie P. , Patel Priya , Kulkarni Sayali , Suh Jin S. , Elsawy Osama , Heaney Maria
Published: August 2021

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) occurs only in a subset of TB-infected persons. With a higher incidence in the immunocompromised population, successful treatment includes early diagnosis and initiation of anti-TB medications. This case report discusses a 22-year-old immunocompetent male diagnosed with advanced duodenal and peritoneal TB after perforation requiring emergent surgery and intravenous anti-TB treatment secondary to lack of enteral access.
Postural Analysis of Male Football Athletes from Different Age Levels of Training
Authors: Lourenço Joana Filipa D.S. , De Sousa José Luís M. A. , Soares Denise P. , Gonçalves-Lopes Sónia C.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The definition of body posture involves a relative arrangement of body parts. Football is the most popular sport in the world with an injury rate of 4.47 injuries per 1000 hours of play/training per athlete. Photogrammetry is a valid and reproductive method for evaluating postural differences with quantitative and accurate results. The aim of this study is to present a postural analysis of children and young football players, using photogrammetry.

Method: The sample consisted of 263 athletes (ages between 4 and 18 years) where, through the photographic register and use of SAPO® software the main postural deviations of the children were calculated and subsequently analyzed descriptively in the IBM SPSS software.

Results: The results obtained show deviations in point A1 - alignment of the acromion (21.4% to 50% of athletes on the right (R) and 16.7% to 40.5% of athletes on the left (L); A2 - alignment of the anterosuperior iliac spine (42.9% of athletes to (R) and 14.3% to 64.9% to the left (L); A3 alignment of tibia tuberosities (27.9% to 55% of athletes (R), 27% to 48.5% of athletes (L); A4 and A5 – angle Q (R and L) (50% to 91% of athletes with tendency to knee varus); A6 – horizontal alignment of the pelvis (tendency to hyperlordosis of 28% for juveniles with an average deviation of -15.4° ± 7.7).

Conclusion: The postural analysis of the athletes allows a better knowledge about the most frequent deviations that, over time, can become painful, being important an intervention and specific planning at this level, trying to prevent future injuries.
Transvesical Prostatectomy after Transurethral Resection- Need for Retention of Skills for Open Prostatectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Eze Balantine U. , Nevo Anthony C. , Anekpo Chijioke C. , Mba Sunday G.
Published: August 2021

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction BPH. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard of surgical therapy but have limitations in handling large prostates. We report a case of a patient with a large prostate that had TURP, later developed acute urinary retention and subsequently had transvesical prostatectomy with a good outcome. There is need for retention of skills for open prostatectomy despite the crave for acquisition of endoscopic/ minimally invasive skills.
MAFLD-Epidemiology, Natural History, Outcomes and Prevention
Authors: Raees Aimun , Kamran Muhammad , Jafri Wasim
Published: August 2021

Scientists have recently modified the term Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in an attempt to improve the understanding and overall outcomes of the disease. The leaping prevalence and formidable mortality rate of fatty liver disease throughout the world is quite worrisome. Due to the lack of appropriate knowledge of the natural history of disease, suitable pharmacotherapy could never be devised. Thus, the management solely relies on patients’ earnest co-operation with fierce lifestyle changes such as exercise, weight loss and dietary modifications. In this era, it is essential to come up with strategies to curtail the underlying risk factors in order to prevent the rapid progression of MAFLD. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology of NAFLD and the newly found evidence on.
Burnout and Empathy: A Cross-Sectional Study among Resident Physicians in Public Sector Hospitals of a Developing Country
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Hamza , Ishtiaq Rafia , Fatima Laiba , Ahmed Hassaan , Masood Aqsa , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Sajid Hajira , Qaiser Rida , Awan Mahnoor , Arshad Daneyal
Published: August 2021

The main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and to identify various socio-demographic factors which are associated with resident burnout. As a secondary objective, we aimed to assess levels of empathy among the residents. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among residents working in Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and District Headquarter Hospital, all of which are situated in district Rawalpindi of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from January 2019 to April 2019 using a convenient sampling technique. The participants were requested to complete Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout and Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy to measure empathy from January 2019 to April 2019. For data analysis IBM SPSS © version 25.0 was used. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quantitative variables. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between burnout and categorical variables. Then, those independent variables with p-value < 0.05 were subjected to binary logistic regression to identify predictors of burnout. A P-value of < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance and OR with 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the strength of association. Independent sample t-test was used to assess empathy among the groups. The prevalence of burnout in our sample was 78%. The average burnout score of the sample was 81±13.45. Weekly working hours (p-value < 0.05) and the type of specialty (p-value < 0.05) were significantly associated with resident burnout. Residents working more than 80 hours were more prone to develop burnout [AOR 2.700(1.42-5.120)]. Medical residents were found to be at a higher risk of developing burnout as compared to surgical residents [(AOR 2.097(1.16-3.78)]. Residents working less than 80 hours per week had more empathy scores as compared to residents working more than 80 hours and this result was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). However, no significant difference in empathy was found for age, gender, marital status, and posts. Therefore, weekly working hours should be reduced to diminish burnout and increase empathy, thereby, promoting the quality of care being delivered to the patient. Moreover, efforts should be made to reduce burnout in medicine residents so that we may promote the doctor-patient relationship.
Anti-Lethal Therapy of COVID-19 for Home Health Outpatient Therapy
Authors: Bukhtoyarov Oleg , Samarin Denis
Published: August 2021

The article presents the rationale for a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of patients with COVID-19, based on the combined use of biologic response modifiers and drugs targeting etiology and pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus infection, excluding disadvantages of polypharmacy, and providing a high clinical effect. This approach has been predominantly used in home health outpatient treatment of 324 patients with COVID-19 of variable severity using the biologic response modifiers “double drug cocktail” made of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant human interferon alpha-2b in combination with alimemazine, nimesulide, rivaroxaban and antibiotic therapy (co-amoxiclav, or ceftriaxone) if secondary bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed. The results obtained indicate a dramatic improvement in the condition of patients, even with a severe COVID-19, which made possible to avoid artificial ventilation and prevent deaths.
The Effects of an Educational Intervention on COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in People with Migratory Background: A Before-after Study
Authors: Aktürk Zekeriya , Linde Klaus , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Kunisch Raphael , Schneider Antonius
Published: August 2021

Background: This study investigated the feasibility to conduct an educational webinar for improving COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Munich.

Methods: A before-after experiment was conducted in Turkish-speaking family physician offices. Turkish-speaking participants (n=245) of a cross-sectional study evaluating COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were invited to an educational webinar. COVID-19 vaccination intention and knowledge (25 true/false items) were the primary outcomes. Also, attitudes and behaviors to COVID-19 vaccination were asked using Likert scales (min. 1, max. 5).

Results: Knowledge (22.8±1.5 vs. 23.1±1.5) and behavior (4.1±0.4 vs. 4.2±0.3) scores did not change after the intervention, nor changed the intention to be vaccinated (p>0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the attitude scores from mean 3.9±0.5 to 4.2±0.5 (p=0.009). The webinar received high scores (mean 4.7±0.2).

Conclusion: We suggest educational interventions involving key persons from the Turkish-speaking community as peer trainers to change the negative attitudes towards vaccination.
The Influence of Parenting Style on Male Juvenile Delinquency: A Case of Kamiti Youth Correction and Training Center (KYCTC), Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Onsando Evans , Mwenje Margaret K. , Githui Perminus
Published: August 2021

The rising cases of delinquency among male teenagers is a feedback of sorts that the family system that is the nurturing context of children has failed to effectively protect the teenagers against negative influences. The scenario, has brought the nurturing role of parents into sharp focus. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the parenting styles on male juvenile delinquency at the Kamiti Youth Correction and Training Center (KYCTC), which is within Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Baumrind’s parenting styles theory which categorizes parenting styles on the basis of responsiveness and demandingness in the parenting role. The study used purposive sampling method and simple random technique to select a sample of 68 males aged between 15 and 18 years from a target population of 120 delinquents at the KYCTC. The study used the ex post facto design. In this design data was collected through interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative data collected through questionnaires was analyzed through descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 25.0 and qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that authoritarian parenting style (42%) and permissive parenting style (29.4%) posed the greatest danger to the development of juvenile delinquency. On the other hand, authoritative parenting style (8.8%) posed the least danger to the development of juvenile delinquency. Presentation of data was done through tables, graphs and thematic descriptions of respondent’s statements. The findings point to the critical role the parenting style plays in the development or prevention of juvenile delinquency. Strengthening of the parenting role, coordination with other key influencers including teachers, Government Departments such as the Children’s Department and the Correctional Services, Rehabilitation Centers run by religious organizations and government rehabilitation programs such as KYCTC, can make a difference if each plays their critical role.
Synchronic Account of Substitution among Educated Ohaozara Speakers of English
Authors: Okorie Okechukwu , Ekwueme Joekin , Ezeh Nkeiru Angela
Published: August 2021

Substitution is a natural experience among second language speakers because it occurs in a situation where the target language presents segments that do not exist in the native language of speakers. Native speakers, therefore, unavoidably try to overcome the linguistic problem of having to articulate sounds that are present in the foreign language but unavailable in their mother tongue. It is against this linguistic pedigree that this study explored the synchronic account of substitution among educated Ohaozara speakers of English using the Natural Phonology Hypotheses (NPH) as its analytical tool. The study aimed to identify and account for the particular cases of phonological substitution as it affects Ohaozara educated speakers of the English language and thereafter, recommend workable and sustainable remedies that would mitigate the problem. Data for the study were collected through the use of audio recorder and a reading comprehension passage. One hundred (100) educated Ohaozara speakers of English, who were drawn at random, using the stratified random sampling technique, participated in the study. The data were analyzed quantitatively in accordance with the tenets of NPH. The results showed that the speakers exhibited acts of phoneme substitution in most of their spoken discourses in English as evidenced by both data. The study offered a good number of recommendations and suggestions to mitigate the problem.
The War Guilt Clause and the Rise of Adolf Hitler
Authors: Zhu Stella
Published: August 2021

After the fall of Nazi Germany during World War II, the allied powers issued harsh reparation payments that burdened the German economy and humiliated the Germans. Most importantly, the War Guilt Clause led Germany into an economic and social turmoil, which in turn paved the path for the rise of radical extremists like Adolf Hitler.
Evaluating Women’s Empowerment in Rural Cameroon through the Abbreviated – Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index
Authors: Wenda Boris Dinictri Soh , Fon Dorothy Engwali
Published: August 2021

Amartya Sen a Nobel laureate stressed the fact that empowering women and girls with more choices and more freedom is crucial to achieving a better future for all. This study evaluates the level of women’s empowerment in agriculture by assessing the empowerment gaps between male and female decision makers; and by comparing the level of women’s empowerment in agriculture across household types. Empowerment is assessed through the Five Domains of Empowerment (5DE) of the Abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI). Using data collected from 600 rural households in the West region of Cameroon, the outcomes from the 5DE show that empowerment gaps between men and women exist in all domains of empowerment. The empowerment gaps between men and women are more severe in the resource and income domains. Also, group membership, excessive workload and access to and decision about credit contribute the most to disempowerment for both men and women. The study shows more women in dual headed household (DHHs) achieve adequacy in terms of input in productive decisions, access to and decision about credit, group membership and workload as compared to other household types. Also, women’s empowerment in the production, resource and income domains depend on the household type. The results of the study highlight the need for the creation of governmental and non-governmental organisations that will promote women’s empowerment in agriculture and other aspects life.
Prevention of Radicalism at Islamic Boarding College
Authors: Rokhmanm Mauhibur , Wahidin Samsul , Suharnoko Dwi
Published: August 2021

This research aims to identify the background of radical thinking and behaviour among students at an Islamic Boarding College. We analysed through a qualitative descriptive approach by interviewing several key persons from the campus management, and some students indicated to be exposed to radicalism and radical behaviour. The Islamic struggle movement is synonymous with intellectual movement. Thus, radical movements and behaviour must be prevented as early as possible. The actors are the implementers at universities, starting from the study programs, departments, faculties, and university-wide levels. Several recommendations and suggestions were produced through this research to reduce radical understanding in the university environment with several humanist and psychological approaches. One of them is by deepening the Religion and Islamic compulsory courses such as Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah courses, regular recitations at the faculty and university level to deepen understanding of Islam, as well as educational materials for defending the country and love for the homeland, as well as citizenship materials and others relevant to the mindset of today's students.
Indonesia as the Best Halal Tourism Destination and its Impacts to Muslim’s Travelers Visit
Authors: MinardiPasundan University Bandung Indon Anton , Astuti Dewi , Suhadi .
Published: August 2021

The article described at first conceptual of halal tourism which is based on Islamic Shariah. Second, analyses of halal tourism effectiveness practically. Third, research of Indonesia as biggest Muslim populations in the world provide and serve halal tourism. To research this thing authors used a descriptive analytical research method coupled with literacy techniques. As a summary that halal tourism is growing fast in Indonesia with some special advantages and efforts actually. Evidently, Indonesia has been selected as the best halal tourism in the world by 2019 and the trend of increasing visitors especially from middle east whom mostly Muslim’s travelers to the country. The implications of the research are found relatively new development of halal tourism conceptually and the implications in promoting halal tourism, serving Muslims community to get satisfactions in tourism without deny their belief, halal tourism is a health tourism that provide only foods, beverages and healthy advertisement and also green tourism that secure environment practically. Practical implications there are first, promote halal tourism. Second, serve Muslims community to get satisfactions in tourism without deny their belief and Islamic tennets. Third, halal tourism is a health tourism that provide only foods, beverages and healthy advertisement and green tourism that secure environment. The article is original as a result of a research in international issue that concern of halal tourism which service tourists specially for Muslims, and also offers new platform in tourism business.
Incitement to riot: intermediary liability of ISP`S
Authors: Madzhumayev Murad
Published: August 2021

Collective actions, particularly organization, promotion, encouragement, and incitement to civil disturbances, are hard to imagine without use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Recent events such as the Arab Spring, the colour revolutions (e.g. in former Eastern Bloc and the Balkan countries), the unrest in Minneapolis in 2020 which subsequently spread to other US cities, and the US Capitol riots 2021 present significant evidence in this regard. The dissemination of information online inciting to riots involves internet service providers (ISPs) alongside the author. The aim of the paper is to specify the actors in accordance with their functions and determine their eligibility to be prosecuted in cases of incitement to riots using ICTs. Formulated a conclusion about the onset of intermediary liability of ISPs, holding the organizational and technical capacity to influence the information social relations of their users at any time.
Concept of «constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine» and its elements
Authors: Plotnitska S.B.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of the concept of «constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine». The author’s definition of the concept «constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine» is formulated. Some elements of the constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine are determined.In the process of development of Ukraine as a democratic and legal state, European integration of Ukraine, scientific and technological progress, evolution of the fourth generation of human rights, development of medicine, development of transplantation in Ukraine, research on the defence of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine.The right to transplantation belongs to the fourth generation of human rights, which has been actively developing in recent years.The issue of ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine is an important element of the constitutional law of Ukraine.Ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine is an integral part of a single integrated human rights system in Ukraine.The constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine is a set of norms and principles of law on transplantation in Ukraine, as well as the system of authorized entities and their activities in the field of realisation of the right to transplantation in Ukraine, its guarantee and protection.

The main elements of the constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine are:1. Realization of the right to transplantation in Ukraine.2. Protection of the right to transplantation in Ukraine.3. Guarantees of the right to transplantation in Ukraine.The constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the right to transplantation in Ukraine is an integral part of a single integrated system of the constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring human rights in Ukraine.
To the question of the peculiarities of the protection of family rights of persons who are married or other family unions in the practice of the european court of human rights
Authors: Havrik R.
Published: August 2021

In the scientific article the author conducted a scientific study of the protection of family rights of persons who are married or other family unions in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular such family unions as de facto marriage, separation, civil partnership, we come to the following conclusions.

This legal status is recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as conferring the right to protection against interference with family life, ie it is a family, similar to how a family arises as a result of a registered marriage. In this case, according to the court, the concept of "family" includes the actual family relationship, when the parties live together outside of marriage. A child born as a result of such a relationship is a member of the family from birth and due to the fact of birth. There is a connection between a child and his or her parents that is equivalent to family life, even if at the time of his or her birth the parents no longer lived together or their relationship has ended. Cohabitation is usually a prerequisite for family life, but in exceptional cases, other factors may indicate that specific relationships are stable enough to be considered as actual family ties.

Another type of family union - marriage during the period of separate residence of the spouses, in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is somewhat weak and usually concerns the possibility to use the procedure of separation, but the court recognizes that the spouses have an inalienable right to initiating such a procedure.

Until 2010, the European Court of Human Rights generally showed a rather restrained attitude towards this type of relationship as same-sex, not recognizing them as family, but after 2010, given the rapid liberalization of the prevailing public morality regarding same-sex relations in Europe, the European Court on human rights could not deny that the relationship of such couples is essentially "family life".