bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI TABUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN DAYAH PERBATASAN DARUL AMIN KUTACANE ACEH TENGGARA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA KEAMANAN AES BERBASIS WEB
Authors: M. Julkarnain  , Esabella Shinta , Prasetyo Waty Brenny
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun Aplikasi Tabungan Pondok Dayah Perbatasan Darul Amin Kutacane Aceh Tenggara  Menggunakan Keamanan AES Berbasis Web (1) Dapat membantu memudahkan administrasi Dayah untuk mengelola penyimpanan data, menghitung jumlah uang tabungan secara otomatis dan proses laporan keuangan tabungan lebih mudah dengan menggunakan aplikasi yang terkomputerisasi. (2) Aplikasi tabungan ini berbasis web dengan menggunakan algoritma keamanan AES pada menu login nya dan data santrinya. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Pembangunan Aplikasi ini menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan MySQL untuk basis datanya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka, pemodelan Aplikasi menggunakan model terstruktur yaitu ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), DFD (Data Flow Diagram), Flowmap dan HIPO (Hierarchy Plus Input-Process Output), sedangkan pengujian aplikasi dengan menggunakan metode black box testing yaitu menguji dari segi fungsional aplikasi.
IMPLEMENTASI HOTSPOT DENGAN USER MANAGERUNTUK INTERNET WIRELESS MENGGUNAKANMIKROTIK Rb 941-2nd DI MTsN 1SUMBAWA BESAR
Authors: Susanto Eri Sasmita , Dwi Septiarini Arsi , W Yunanri
Published: August 2021

This study aims to implement a wifi hotspot at MTsN 1 Sumbawa Besar to minimize network disturbances. This research is implemented using network devices such as Mikrotik Router, Windows Server 2007 and other supporting network devices. The network development method uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) approach. It is starting with the process of analysis, design, simulation to implementation. The instrument of data collection techniques in the study used observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The final result of this research is to implement a hotspot network that can cover the entire madrasa area. MTsN 1 Sumbawa Besar canAccess the internet without any network disturbances.
ENGLISH: Illuminating Human Psyche: A Comparative Analysis of Similarities in Ghazalian Theory of Soul and Freudian Psychoanalysis
Authors: Dr. Shumaila Mazhar  , Dr. Ayesha Sanober  , Dr. Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2021

There have been several theories in the Western world, highlighting various features of human mind, but none of them seems to present the whole truth. The richness and diverse outlook of human experience makes it imperative to look for a model, which contributes in better and all-encompassing understanding of human nature. The present study intends to provide the venue to the spiritual insights of Ghazalian thought to be incorporated into the study of Freudian psychoanalysis, with its central focus on the similarities between them. Besides the current study proceeds from the assumption that though Freudian psychonalytic theory has provided insightful psychological interpretations, equally appropriate readings result from analyzing Ghazalian theory of soul. This study follows the descriptive and analytic methodology to investigate the similarities in both the models and has been developed according to the guidelines provided by Zepetnek’s (1998) theory of comparative literature. This analytical approach may lead to an alternative critical agenda for the better understanding of human psyche. In addition, it is also hoped that the insights yielded by this research study may develop into new forms of understanding in the realm of psychology.
A critical evaluation of the use of skin as a form of identity in Zulu culture
Authors:   , Magwa Langa P.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate and critically evaluate the use of skin as a form of identity in Zulu culture. This investigation wil /foc'uu on the historical and contemporary practices of scarification and ear - piercing in Zulu culture. 1 In Chapter One, Section One the candidate will discuss the scarification and tattooing i techniques, and refer to the decline in the practice of scarification in contemporary Africa. 'l The scarification and tattooing techniques have the following elements in common, incisions `made on the body or skin to create scar patterns or shapes. Chapter \xAEne, Section Two the candidate will discuss the different purposes of carification practiced by people in Africa Scarification has traditionally been used for any different purposes, such as rite of passage, tribal/clan identity, civilizing, beauty, sexual atttraction, healing and medicinal. In Chapter Two, Section One the candidate will discuss the concepts of culture and identity and propose a definition of identity and culture for the purposes of this dissertation. In Chapter Two, Section Two the candidate will write a personal history and describe the origins of his identity. Chapter 'two, Section Three will discuss the historical formulation 0. of Zulu identity and culture. Chapter Two, Section ]Foam will investigate how internal and external influences have changed Zulu identity and culture over time.
KAJIAN BIAYA GEDUNG BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN DINDING BATU BATA MERAH DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN BATU BATA RINGAN
Authors: Sinaga Singkop Lensius , Redmi Fronika Sihotang  , Bambang Winarno
Published: August 2021

Berdasarkan Perencanaan Desain Berulang Pembangunan Rusun TA 2019 tentang Material dan Spesifikasi yang dikeluarkan PUPR, material dinding menggunakan batu bata ringan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis selisih biaya gedung bertingkat dengan material dinding batu bata ringan dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah. Studi dilakukan dengan beberapa variasi tingkat bangunan mulai dari 4 tingkat, 6 tingkat dan 8 tingkat dengan material dinding batu bata ringan dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah pada simulasi bangunan bertingkat di kota Medan. Langkah untuk mendapatkan selisih biaya bangunan : membuat data pemodelan struktur, pendimensian struktur, pembebanan struktur, analisa struktur, pendimensian pondasi dan perhitungan biaya. Hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan penggunaan material dinding : 1). Batu bata ringan lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah, terdapat selisih biaya Rp 201.368.199 atau persentase perbandingan 6,187% untuk tingkat 4 dan terdapat selisih biaya Rp 127.922.160 atau persentase perbandingan 2,471% untuk tingkat 6, sedangkan untuk tingkat 8 batu bata ringan lebih murah dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah, terdapat selisih biaya Rp 26.023.766 atau persentase perbandingan 0,375%. 2). Dinding batu bata ringan lebih murah dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah mulai tingkat 8, sedangkan tingkat 4 dan 6 batu bata ringan masih lebih mahal.
ANALISA STRUKTUR DAN METODE PELAKSANAAN KOLOM DAN BALOK PADA PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG APD PLN MEDAN
Authors: Kuswinardi Lukas Mawira P. , Reskina T. A Sinurat  , Palghe Tobing
Published: August 2021

Dalam perencanaan struktur beton bertulang, diperlukan suatu kepastian tentang keamanan struktur terhadap keruntuhan yang mungkin terjadi selama umur bangunan. Berbagai hal perlu ditinjau yang meliputi beberapa kriteria, yaitu kekuatan, kekakuan, dan kemampuan menerima beban, sehingga diperoleh kekuatan yang optimum. Penelitian ini mengacu kepada aturan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), diantaranya SNI 1726:2012, SNI 1727:2013, serta SNI 2847:2013. Analisis struktur pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan bantuan program komputer SAP2000 v.14. Analisis dilakukan dengan pemodelan 3 dimensi, kemudian didapatkan momen ultimit serta beban aksial ultimit yang akan membantu dalam perencanaan tulangan balok dan kolom yang aman untuk bangunan. Adapun hasil dari penulisan tugas akhir ini yaitu dimensi dan jumlah tulangan sudah memenuhi persyaratan, dimana untuk balok ØMn > Mu, dan untuk kolom ØMn > Mu, ØPn > Pu serta metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan pada pekerjaan kolom dan balok telah sesuai dengan standar metode pelaksanaan pekerjaan struktur.
PENGARUH ABU AMPAS KOPI TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN, POROSITAS SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BETON
Authors: Ataya Nabila Panjaitan  , Rizky Suci Ramadhani  , Ernie Shinta Y Sitanggang
Published: August 2021

Ampas kopi juga merupakan limbah industri pangan yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan biji kopi. Sebagaimana halnya limbah industri pangan yang lain, maka limbah ampas kopi mempunyai potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai material substitusi sebagian semen atau agregat halus yang bersifat pozzolan yang mengandung silika. Pada penelitian ini, abu ampas kopi digunakan sebagai material pengganti sebagian semen sebesar 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Ampas kopi yang digunakan berupa abu dan diayak dengan saringan No. 100. Benda uji berbentuk silinder dengan dimensi 30 cm  x 15 cm dengan masingmasing variasi 5 buah benda uji untuk 2 pengujian yaitu kuat tekan dan porositas. Kuat tekan rencana beton adalah f’c 25 (beton normal). Pengujian kuat tekan dan porositas dilakukan pada saat umur beton 28 hari. Nilai kuat tekan beton normal sebesar 25.10543 MPa. Nilai kuat tekan beton menggunakan abu ampas kopi dengan persentase 5 % sebesar 25.18956 MPa, persentase 10 % sebesar 20.79872 MPa, persentase 15 % sebesar 17.10117 MPa, dan persentase 20 % sebesar 13.28807 MPa. Nilai porositas beton normal sebesar 0.592212 %. Nilai porositas beton menggunakan abu ampas kopi dengan persentase 5 % sebesar 0.690914 %, persentase 10 % sebesar 0.736974 %, persentase 15 % sebesar 0.756715 %, dan persentase 20 % sebesar 0.789615 %.
Barak Türkmenlerinde Halk Oyunları
Authors: GENÇ Eser
Published: August 2021

Halk oyunları doğadaki birtakım unsurların taklidi ve sosyal değişimin getirdiği duyguların sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle oyunlarda hayvanların çeşitli mimik ve hareketlerle taklit edildiği görülür. Halk oyunları; insanların sevgilerini, heyecanlarını, hüzünlerini ve düşüncelerini belirtme aracı olarak insanlık tarihinden bu yana sergilenmiştir. Günümüzde ise halk oyunları farklı işlevlere bürünerek karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu oyunlar; eğlenme, protesto, toplumsal temsil, iletişim, kutlama, eğitimde kültürel aktarım, sağlık alanında yaşam kalitesini iyileştirici birtakım hareketler sağlaması gibi işlevlere sahiptir. Bununla birlikte halk oyunları; yapısı, içeriği ve çeşitli işlevleriyle toplumun kültürünü, kimliğini yansıtan halk bilgisi yaratmalarıdır. Barak Türkmenlerinde halk oyunlarının oluşumunda Osmanlı’nın iskân politikalarının etkisi büyüktür. Bu topluluk iskân politikaları neticesinde göçe zorlanmış ve iskânı halk oyunları ile protesto ederek isyanlarını figürlerine yansıtmıştır. Bu bağlamda Barak Türkmenleri halk oyunları yörenin kültürünü, yaşam tarzını, coğrafi yapısını ve iklimini yansıtmaktadır. Daha önce Barak Türkmenleri halk oyunları ile ilgili bağımsız bir halk bilimi çalışması yapılmaması bu konunun seçilme nedenidir. Bu çalışmada tespit edilen halk oyunları; literatür tarama, gözlem ve görüşme yöntemleri kullanılarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Barak Türkmenlerinin yaşadığı saha taranmış; halk oyunlarının icra ortamları, yapısı ve içeriği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Tespit edilen halk oyunları düğün, şenlik, sünnet töreni, kına gecesi gibi ortamlardan derlenmiş ve oyunların ortaya çıkış hikâyelerinden söz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Barak Türkmenleri halk oyunlarının tanıtılması ve böylelikle oyunların gelecek nesillere aktarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Zara (Sivas) Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğüne Katkılar II
Authors: GÜVEN Ömer
Published: August 2021

Ağızlar; kitle iletişim araçlarının yaygınlaşması, eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi, köyden kente göç gibi nedenlerle yok olma tehlikesi altındadır. Bu sebeple; ağızların söz varlığına dair tespit edilip kayda geçirilen her bir kelime, deyim vs. çok önemlidir. Metin derlemesi yanında sözcük derlemeleri de bu noktada önem taşımaktadır. Bu önemli dil verilerinin kaybolmaması için derleme çalışmalarının vakit kaybetmeden yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle derleme çalışmalarının önemi son yıllarda giderek artmıştır.Bu çalışma daha önce yayınladığımız Zara (Sivas) Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğüne Katkılar adlı çalışmanın devamı niteliğindedir. Adı geçen çalışmadan sonra yaptığımız araştırma ve incelemelerde elde edilen dil verileri bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada dil verileri Zara ağzında kullanılan ve Derleme Sözlüğü’nde yer almayan kelimeler ile Derleme Sözlüğü’nde bulunan ancak Zara ağzında farklı anlam barındıran kelimeler olarak sınıflandırılmıştır.Belirlenen kelimeler; deyimler, adlar, sıfatlar, zarflar, ünlemler, fiiller, beddualar, ikilemeler başlığı altında tasnif edilerek ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, bu söz varlıklarının fonetik özelliklerini yansıtmak amacıyla transkripsiyon işaretleri kullanılmıştır. Yaptığımız bu çalışmayla asıl gayemiz Derleme Sözlüğü’nün yapılacak yeni baskılarına az da olsa bir katkı sunmaktır.
Mehmet Avşar’ın Şiirlerinde Osmaniye
Authors: ÇETİNKOL Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Türk ve dünya edebiyatında birçok şair, yaşadığı şehri ve ona ait unsurları şiirlerine taşımıştır. Bir şehrin mekân boyutundan sıyrılıp faklı kimlikler kazanmasında şiirin ve şairin etkisi büyüktür. Osmaniye; yolların ve kültürlerin kesiştiği noktada, ülkemizin Akdeniz, Orta Anadolu ile Güney ve Doğu Anadolu bölgeleri arasında önemli bir köprüdür. Edebî açıdan da mümbit bir yer olan Osmaniye’nin bugün şiir sancağını dalgalandıranlardan biri Mehmet Avşar’dır. 1941 yılında Osmaniye’de doğup büyüyen Avşar, öğretmen şairlerden olup başta memleketi Osmaniye olmak üzere ülkemizin çeşitli şehirlerinde görev yapmıştır. Avşar’ın şiirlerinde sıkça işlediği tema ve konulardan biri Osmaniye ve çevresine ait güzelliklerdir. Osmaniye’yi birçok açıdan şiirlerinde işlemiş olan Avşar; bu coğrafyanın, ovasına, dağına, taşına, yaylarına büyük bir tutkuyla bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada; Avşar’ın şiirlerinde Osmaniye konusu ele alınmış olup, Gökşen ve Çetinkol tarafından hazırlanan “Mehmet Avşar/ Hayatı, Sanatı ve Şiirleri” adlı kitapta yer alan 132 şiir ve 99 dörtlük çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme neticesinde 35 şiir ve 9 dörtlükte Osmaniye’ye ait unsur olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel bir yöntem izlenmiş; literatür tarama, metin tahlili ve görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı “şehir-şiir-şair” ilişkisini Mehmet Avşar’ın şiirlerinde Osmaniye özelinde inceleyip tespit etmektir.
Kül Tégin Yazıtının Kuzey Yüzünde Geçen Y1S1R1 Kelimesi Üzerine
Authors: ATSIZ Mahsun
Published: August 2021

Kül Tégin Yazıtı, II. Doğu Türk Kağanlığı külliyatının önemli bir parçasını teşkil eder. 1889 yılında, Rus arkeolog Nikolay Mihayloviç Yadrintsev tarafından bulunan bu yazıtla ilgili geçmişten günümüze kadar pek çok yayım ve okuma yapılmıştır. Yazıtın kuzey yüzünün 10. satırında öd t(e)ŋri Y1S1R1 kişi oglı kop ölg(e)li törüm(i)ş şeklinde geçen cümlesi de, araştırmacılar tarafından genel olarak iki türlü okunmaktadır. Birinci görüşe göre, buradaki kelime (a)ys(a)r olarak okunup “Zaman Tanrısı buyurduğu için insanoğlu hep ölümlü yaratılmış.” şeklinde çevrilmelidir. Diğer görüşe göre ise kelimenin doğru okunuşu y(a)s(a)r olmalı ve “Zamanı Tanrı yaşar, insanoğlu hep ölümlü yaratılmış.” olarak çevrimi daha doğrudur. Bu makalede, öncelikle Kül Tégin Yazıtının kuzey yüzünde geçen bu kelimenin Wilhelm Radloff, Vilhelm Thomsen, Sergey Yefimoviç Malov, Hüseyin Namık Orkun, Sir Gerard Clauson, Talat Tekin, Muharrem Ergin, Mehmet Ölmez, Ahmet Bican Ercilasun, Osman Fikri Sertkaya, Erhan Aydın gibi araştırmacılarca nasıl ele alındığına ve çevrildiğine yer verilecektir. Daha sonra ise (a)ys(a)r şeklinde okumanın doğru olacağı görüşü benimsenecek ve bu okumanın fonetik, morfolojik ve sentaktik gerekçeleri ortaya konacaktır.
Berlin Devlet Kütüphanesi (Staatsbibliothek Zu Berlin), Ms. Or. Oct. 3652 Numarada Kayıtlı Şiir Mecmuasının Mestap’a Göre Tasnifi
Authors: KAPLAN Orhan , KIYÇAK Özgür
Published: August 2021

“Bir şairin manzum bir eserine başka bir şair tarafından aynı vezin ve kafiyede yazılan şiir” diye tanımlanan nazireler, zaman içerisinde nazire mecmualarında toplanmış ve özellikle XVI. yüzyılda bu tür mecmuaların güzel örnekleri verilmiştir. Bu örneklerden biri de Berlin Devlet Kütüphanesi (Staatsbibliothek Zu Berlin), Ms. Or. Oct. 3652 numarada kayıtlı şiir mecmuasının içinde yer alan Mecmû’a-i Nazâ’ir’dir. Kim tarafından derlendiği tam olarak bilinmeyen 328 varaklık mecmuanın yazımı 1002 (m.1594) yılında tamamlanmıştır. Mecmuadaki şiirlerin kümelenme biçimine göre mecmuayı üç bölüme ayırmak mümkündür. “Mecmû’a-i Nazâ’ir” başlıklı birinci bölümde zemin, nazire ve model şiir örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Bu bölümde 2227 gazel yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümü oluşturan divan(çe)ler kısmında sırasıyla Nev‘î, Ulvî, Misâlî, Mânî, Hâtemî, Sâ‘î, Tîgî’nin toplam 271 şiiri bulunmaktadır. “Karışık şiirler” olarak adlandırılabilecek son bölüm ise 22 şiirden oluşmaktadır. Mecmuada Bâkî, Nev‘î, Ulvî, Bağdatlı Rûhî, Gelibolulu Âlî, Azmî-zâde Hâletî gibi tanınmış şairlere rastlanmakla birlikte henüz divanı yayınlanmamış Bezmî, Sâ‘î, Hâtemî gibi şairlerin de neredeyse bir divançe teşkil edecek kadar çok sayıda şiiri vardır. Mecmuada diğer nazire mecmualarından farklı olarak edebiyat tarihimizde üzerinde fazla durulmamış veya bilinmeyen çok sayıda şairin daha önce yayınlanmamış şiirlerinin bulunması mecmuayı değerli kılan bir diğer özelliğidir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak mecmuanın neşri sırasında karşılaştığımız sorunlara değinilmiş, daha sonra müstensihten/mürettipten kaynaklanan ve mecmuanın tamamına yayılan çeşitli yazım hataları örneklerle gösterilmiştir. Mecmuada yer alan mütekerrir şiirler tablo hâlinde verilmiş, son olarak mecmuadaki tüm şiirler MESTAP’a göre tasnif edilmiştir.
Influence of FG Vega Technique on students’ academic performance in science 8
Authors: Vega Franco Gil A. , Lasaca Merlyn M.
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to determine the influence of the FG Vega technique on students' academic performance to address the least learned competency in Science 8. Seventy students from Grade 8 classes served as respondents of the study. The study employed a quasi-experimental method. The mean score of students who took the post-test is 32.03 and 27.57 respectively for the experimental and control group. The results can be gleaned that the score of each student in the experimental group has a little variation of mean with 6.71 as compared to the control group with a variation of 7.52. The results can be observed that the mean score of students in the pre-test under the control group is 8.80 and 11.34 under the experimental group. Thus, the results of the study can be further concluded that the students under the experimental group outperformed the students in the control group. Since the significant level is lesser than the p-value of 0.05, indicates that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test under the experimental group. Hence, there is a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental and control group.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN ENERGI DAN PERUBAHANNYA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTEFIK DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY LEARNING MATA PELAJARAN IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI KWAYUHAN
Authors: PARJINEM PARJINEM
Published: August 2021

Rendahnya hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV, menuntut guru untuk melakukan inovasi. Salah satunya dengan menerapkan Pendekatan Saintefik dengan model Inquiry Learning pada implementasi Pembelajaran Energi dan Perbahannya pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Kwayuhan. Proses pembelajaran tematik yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Inquiry Learning berlangsung aktif. Aktifitas pembelajaran yang dirancang sesuai sintak Inquiry Learning megharuskan siswa aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran tematik yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Inquiry Learning meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan transfer knowledge, meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk berpikir kritis. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tingkat partisipasi siswa untuk bertanya dan menanggapai topik yang dibahas dalam pembelajaran. Penerapan model pembelajaran Inquiry Learning juga meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah (problem solving). Dengan menerapkan Inquiry Learning, siswa tak hanya belajar dari teks tulis, tetapi juga dari gambar-gambar serta diberi kesempatan terbuka untuk mencari data, materi dari sumber lainnya. Penerapan model pembelajaran Inkuiry learning juga meningkatkan hasil belajar meningkat. Hal ini dibuktikan dari peningkatan ketuntasan klasikal dan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa, meningkat sebesar 35,7%, yaitu dari 50% menjadi 85,7%. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 7,2 poin yaitu dari 71,8 menjadi 79.
PENINGKATAN SIKAP JUJUR DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SCAFFOLDING PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X IPS 2 MAN 3 BOYOLALI SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: BUDIASTUTI HANIAH
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan kejujuran serta hasil belajar matematika peserta didik dengan pendekatan scaffolding. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksakan di kelas X IPS 2 MAN 3 Boyolali pada semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dengan subjek penelitian 28 peserta didik. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas perangkat pembelajaran dan instrumen pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran Scaffolding dapat meningkatkan kejujuran dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Pada siklus I nilai kejujuran peserta didik mencapai 60%, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 73%. Aktivitas peserta didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran siklus I dan II mengalami peningkatan, dari 65,7% menjadi 74,7,33%. Selanjutnya, hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan, pada siklus I  persentase peserta didik yang tuntas sebesar 46,43% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 78,57%.
DESIGNING REMOTE PLACES IN THE POST-WAR AND PANDEMIC SCENARIOS. SMART SURVEYING OF THE GAHAYR CAMPUS IN MOGADISHU
Authors: Achille C. , Fassi F. , Mandelli A. , Del Pero C. , Leonforte F. , Aste N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The study presents a part of the operational framework of the “Project for Infrastructure and Strategic Strengthening of the Somali National University”, funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. The project, coordinated by Politecnico di Milano, aims to reconstruct the Gahayr campus of the Somali National University of Mogadishu, which is today almost destroyed due to the civil war. The preliminary phase for reconstruction is a detailed survey of the buildings and the area over which the Campus will be re-built. In a normal situation, the team in charge of the survey would have gone on-site in Mogadishu; nevertheless, the risky local conditions and the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to have foreign personnel on-site. Consequently, the choice was to train a local team remotely, giving them the theoretical and practical instruments to face a complete 3D survey of the area and the buildings. Harsh times cannot stop works and activities that usually need the presence of the survey team on the field. Careful planning of the activities, the online staff training and the continuous sharing of the information permitted to get high quality 3D metric results quickly and to have at disposal all dimensional and qualitative valuable information for the project, usable in real-time by the designers and architects without going directly on the site.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSES AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES
Authors: Campi M. , di Luggo A. , Falcone M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This contribution shows the first results of a research in fieri, which aims to introduce low-cost instruments for the continuous monitoring of architectures. The use of these devices in the architectural field is of great interest to the scientific community and therefore, with the aim of researching rapid mapping methodologies, the integrated camera on the new iPhone 12PRO is analyzed and then compared with the NikonD5000 reflex camera, whose use is more consolidated. In the era of digitalization and industry 4.0, smartphones have made significant progress and these devices are establishing as ideal solutions, thanks to their technical characteristics, costs and portability, compared to other acquisition techniques. The study is aimed at experimenting with image-based methodologies with the use of low-cost sensors where the three-dimensional models will constitute the basic element on which, through augmented reality applications, it will be possible to implement strategies aimed at documentation, conservation and monitoring. The experiment, reported therein, was conducted on the facade of the Quadriportico of the Cathedral of San Matteo in Salerno, Italy.
PARAMETRIC LIBRARY FOR RIBBED VAULTS INDEXING
Authors: Capone M. , Lanzara E.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a part from one broader research project on ribbed vaults. The main goal is to generate a parametric objects library for ribbed vaults, suitable both for HBIM system, for structural analysis or for Cultural Heritage dissemination. Starting from Treatises study we have analyzed different classification system and different terminology used for ribbed vaults components in different languages, especially in English, French, Spanish and Italian, our aim is to improve a multilingual vocabularies. In our research we have defined an experimental workflow to generate a set of ribbed vaults library based on the geometric rules from treatises and a controlled vocabulary, the comparison of these 3D models with point clouds allows us to identify the rule used or to define a new rule and, therefore, to build complex parametric models based on reality-based surveys. We are improving our parametric model using different geometric rules from Spanish, French and English manuals. We can generate the realty based model using the same parametric model, in this case the input data is the ribs geometry extracted from the point cloud. We use a generative tool to analyze the curves from point cloud and to draw the borders. We are going to test our tool on some case studies for historical architectural elements indexing, for geometries reconstruction in HBIM environment and for point cloud segmentation in DL process.
COWORKING SPACES IN CHINA: DEVELOPING A NEW STRATEGY OF REUSING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE PROPERTIES UNDER SHARING ECONOMY
Authors: Chen W.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This paper investigates the spatial pattern and operating mechanism of coworking spaces based on existing practices in Shanghai with focus on the rising phenomenon of industrial heritage-based coworking spaces. The geographical distribution of the coworking clusters along the riverside of Huangpu River was analyzed refer to the abundant industrial properties remains, due to some historical reasons in modern history as well as local contribution in advancing creativity to support cultural-led regeneration. On the basis of the spatial analysis and value interpretation of those coworking spaces which retrofitted from industrial heritages, the paper proposes a conservative strategy in presenting the cultural and social value of the industrial heritages in coworking context, through the provision of underpinning urban identity and cultural meaning with contemporary social working style. To conclude, we discuss the applicability of the conservation-based strategy by highlighting its attributes in community base and corresponding advantages in cultivating conservation awareness grassrootly and innovatively in workplace, hoping to shed lights to further enhancement on exploring the urban philosophies under current governmental policies and political emphasis of sharing economy and urban renewal in China.
METHODS OF DIGITIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE CASE STUDY OF THE TERME DI DIOCLEZIANO
Authors: Cianci M. G. , Molinari M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The city of Rome looks like a succession of stratifications that have led to the formation of an architectural panorama that is unique in the world. The different eras and architectural styles that have defined the city in the two millennia of history make each of its parts unique. The punctual, areal and linear archaeological complexes unequivocally define the fabric of the city. The research investigates the theme of the analysis and representation of cultural heritage. It focuses on urban coexistences, not valued or in need of a new approach that modifies the way in which we relate. The research focuses on the way in which monumental archeologies interact with the contemporary urban fabric. The case study taken into consideration, to understand the archaeological survey methodologies for the digitization of cultural heritage, is the monumental complex of the Terme di Diocleziano in Rome. The ultimate goal is therefore to define an integrated survey methodology through which it is possible to set up a digital development work for archeologies. A development that is not limited to the two-dimensional representation of architecture but also three-dimensional, and informative at the model and geographic systems level.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE. USING BLACK AND WHITE ANALOGIC PHOTOGRAPHS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE LOST ROOD SCREEN AT SANTA CROCE, FLORENCE
Authors: Condorelli F. , Pescarmona G. , Ricci Y.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this research paper photogrammetric techniques have been successfully applied to historic black and white analogic photographs to convey previously inaccessible architectural and archaeological information. The chosen case study for this paper is the Franciscan Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy. A photogrammetric algorithm has been implemented over a series of b/w negatives portraying the archaeological excavations carried out in the years 1967–1969, after the traumatic flood of the river Arno in 1966 that severely damaged the city centre of Florence and, particularly, the Santa Croce monumental site. The final aim of this operation is to provide solid evidence for the virtual reconstruction of the lost rood screen of the basilica of Santa Croce, the current subject of the PhD research of one of the Authors (Giovanni Pescarmona) at the University of Florence. The foundations that were uncovered during the archaeological excavation in the ‘60s are one of the most important hints towards a convincing retro-planning of the structure. Using advanced photogrammetric techniques, and combining them with LIDAR scanning, it is possible to uncover new datasets that were previously inaccessible for scholars, opening new paths of research. This interdisciplinary approach, combining traditional art-historical research methods and state-of-the-art computational tools, tries to bridge the gap between areas of research that still do not communicate enough with each other, defining new frameworks in the field of Digital Art History.
INVESTIGATION OF THE UNDERGROUND BUILDING HERITAGE AND THE MECHANISM OF WATER FLOWING IN QANĀTS IN PALERMO THROUGH INNOVATIVE SURVEYING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Corrao R. , Di Paola F. , Termini D. , Vinci C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The valorisation, protection and preservation policies for the underground building heritage are often difficult to implement due to an inadequate knowledge of hypogeal constructions. The complex and widespread underground structures of the vast “Cavo” Heritage (“horizontal wells”, “shelf wells” or “well tunnels”), so called qanāts, hidden underground and built over the centuries in Palermo, representing an evocative testimony to the history of water culture in the ancient city. Through the historical and constructive analyses and the implementation and development of measurement and 3D representation and visualization, first actions have been carried out. The paper will present the first results of the restoration project and the path of re-introduction in the fruition network of the qanāt “Gesuitico alto”, developed also in the field of “iHeritage. Mediterranean Platform for UNESCO Cultural Heritage” project, financed by ENI CBC MED Programme 2014–2020. The paper presents an experimentation of a procedural workflow of data acquisition, analysis and subsequent 3D virtual navigation of hypogeal environments. The methodology used is the SLAM with a last generation WMLS. The platform of virtual reality visualization, within UnReal Engine, allows the user to immerse and navigate in the anthropic environment by engaging it with a set of infographics that highlight the virtual visit.
HYDRAULIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES SUPPORTED BY AN INTEGRATED DIGITAL SURVEY – CFD (COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS) MONITORING APPROACH
Authors: D’Agostino G. , Figuera M. , Pennisi V. , Russo G. , Sanfilippo M. , Militello P. M. , Musumeci R. E.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a methodological approach for analysing and evaluating hydraulic risks in complex archaeological areas, and thereby substantially improve general preservation and conservation efforts involving cultural heritage.The hypogeum of Calaforno (province of Ragusa, Sicily) represents a unique sample of rock-cut architecture in terms of size and architectural features, and an ideal candidate for the case study due to its high historical, archaeological and cultural significance, as well as its intrinsic fragility and criticality associated with hydrogeological and seismic factors.The interdisciplinary research approach involved archaeological and engineering contributions towards the development of numerical models for the assessment of hydraulic risks threatening archaeological heritage. The morphological characteristics of the site rendered the use of a Laser Scanner necessary for three-dimensional survey.The prehistoric structures currently undergoing excavation outside the main entrance of the monument have raised concerns regarding the impact of the Manna stream, which flows a few meters from the main entrance to the hypogeum, which has seen periodic flooding in some of its rooms. Simulations of these flooding events were performed in order to attain better understanding of the hydraulic phenomena influencing the site, especially regarding the dynamics associated with surface runoff.The interdisciplinary approach to this research, combining in-depth archaeological expertise with digital 3D surveying and modelling technologies, has proven fundamental to the effective monitoring of this morphologically complex site, and should perhaps be considered integral to any preventive assessment and risk management initiative involving cultural heritage.
THE INTEGRATION OF SEMANTIC NETWORKS IN VIRTUAL EXHIBITIONS
Authors: Danthine B. , Hiebel G. , Posch C. , Stadler H.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this article a use case is presented how a semantic network can be used to enrich the existing virtual exhibition “They Shared their Destiny. Women and the Cossacks’ Tragedy in Lienz 1945” about the fate of women during the Cossack tragedy in Lienz. By connecting via CIDOC CRM information about people, events, finds and places the goal was not only to make this information interoperable, but also to integrate the resulting knowledge graph into the exhibition, thus providing a further navigation level and enhancing the visitors’ experience.First, a short introduction to the existing exhibition and the presented project is given. In the second part, the scientific background of CIDOC CRM and its semantically enriched 3D content is outlined. In the third part the implementation and the project as a use case is described with respect to the data modelling and the integration of the semantic network into the 3-dimensional environment as well as the integration of spatial aspects and other internet resources. At the end, there is a summary with an outlook on future planned projects.
MANAGEMENT OF MESH FEATURES IN 3D REALITY-BASED POLYGONAL MODELS TO SUPPORT NON-INVASIVE STRUCTURAL DIAGNOSIS AND EMERGENCY ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF EARTHQUAKE HERITAGE IN ITALY
Authors: De Marco R. , Parrinello S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In the context of non-invasive documentation for the prevention of built heritage, digital surveying and the development of 3D models are widely applied. They have highlighted, with increasing reliability, the opportunities for knowledge and mapping on emerging damages related to safety and structural integrity. However, these processes can reach high-quality results on morphological structural detail, useful as source data for static analysis on the built structures. In this way, 3D models serve as source data for preliminary diagnostics on the causes of drift and deformation mechanisms.The research aims to validate the proposed strategy on the case study of a masonry historical building damaged by the 2016 earthquake in Central Italy, to configure the mesh modeling strategy as a scientific example capable of orienting 3D modeling practices for structural non-invasive diagnosis, also in emergency requirements of intervention. The analysis of the damage mechanisms was performed by exploiting the morphological detail of the virtual surfaces to operate a direct segmentation, automated through the recognition of Feature Regions entities. It was based on the collaboration among professionals and technicians of the Emergency Support Department of EUCENTRE and DAda-LAB researchers of University of Pavia, to evaluate appropriate procedures of digital documentation for on-site survey in sites affected by emergency conditions of post-earthquake damage.
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF INTERSECTIONS REPRESENTATION AS APPARATUS OF CONTENTS MULTI-SCALAR, RETROSPECTIVE AND RESILIENT FOR THE RESEARCH OF CONNOTATIONS, SIMULATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE LANDSCAPE ASSETS
Authors: De Masi A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The research project’s objective, based on defining a “Computational Model of Intersections Simulation/Representation” as complex digital cultural infrastructure and computational knowledge, acquires the identity characteristics of the Computational Representation (phenomenological, geometry, visual, resilience, scalability analytical-interpretative knowledge) to promote for landscape and Cultural Heritage (CH): a) of systematize environmental information and protective by intersections of resilience’s categories in the “thematic systems of families and types” of the landscape; b) a model of Smart CH for Industry 4.0 – 2021. The same time favors: a) thematic and retrospective intersections between formal and interpretative layers for the return of information from a spatial and functional; b) innovation by introduction of professional figures of the contemporary digital. The methodology is articulated on following intersection models: Connotations, Composition, Development (combination of complex formal, structural and geometric factors); Morphogenesis (innovative concepts of transformations form), Sustainability. From the point of view the results and conclusion the study allowed to highlight: a) “network of multi-scalar discrete relationships” with sequences of digital models for the relative tessellation of the surfaces; b) “resilience measure” by “building a digital model of morphogenesis”; c) systematize environmental information and protective by intersections of resilience’s categories in the “thematic systems of families and types” of the landscape; d) “operative and phenomenological reading” of the changing complexity of environmental reality with connections between the behavioural and physical structures of the place.
DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION’S ONTOLOGY: CONTEMPORARY DIGITAL REPRESENTATIONS AS EXPRESS AND SHARED MODELS OF REGENERATION AND RESILIENCE IN THE PLATFORM BIM/CONTAMINATED HYBRID REPRESENTATION
Authors: De Masi A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The study illustrates a university research project of “Digital Documentation’s Ontology”, to be activated with other universities, of an Platform (P) – Building Information Modeling (BIM) articulated on a Contaminated Hybrid Representation (diversification of graphic models); the latter, able to foresee categories of Multi-Representations that interact with each other for to favour several representations, adapted to a different information density in the digital multi-scale production, is intended as platform (grid of data and information at different scales, semantic structure from web content, data and information storage database, archive, model and form of knowledge and ontological representation shared) of: inclusive digital ecosystem development; digital regenerative synergies of representation with adaptable and resilient content in hybrid or semi-hybrid Cloud environments; phenomenological reading of the changing complexity of environmental reality; hub solution of knowledge and simulcast description of information of Cultural Heritage (CH); multimedia itineraries to enhance participatory and attractive processes for the community; factor of cohesion and sociality, an engine of local development. The methodology of P-BIM/CHR is articulated on the following ontologies: Interpretative and Codification, Morphology, Lexicon, Syntax, Metamorphosis, Metadata in the participatory system, Regeneration, Interaction and Sharing. From the point of view the results and conclusion the study allowed to highlight: a) Digital Regenerative synergies of representation; b) Smart CH Model for an interconnection of systems and services within a complex set of relationships.
MOBILE LASER SCANNER MAPPING SYSTEM’S FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SURVEY AND REPRESENTATION PROCESSES
Authors: Dell’Amico A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The research activity aims to evaluate the Mobile Laser Scanner mapping system's effectiveness and critical issues based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) called KAARTA Stencil. The research introduces a reflection on a series of test datasets resulting from the mobile system's application in an urban context taken as a case study and aimed at the representation and 3D modeling of architectural complexes.In detail, the metric accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated through a comparative analysis of the point cloud data through the evaluation of the surface deviation of the 3D point clouds based on the SLAM system and the data of static measurement systems, more precise to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed acquisition system. For each data were specified the possibilities of representation, the type of representation scale, and the possible manipulations and extractions of 2D profiles to design and analyze architectural elements through mobile systems.The analysis involves a breakdown of the problem of representation, identifying protocols that can be applicable at different levels and scales of reading aimed at the representation and discretization of parts and elements linked together in a hierarchical or interconnected relationship, outlining their criticality and potential.
FROM EXCAVATION DATA TO HBIM ENVIRONMENT AND CLOUD SHARING: THE CASE STUDY OF DOMUS REGIA, SACRARIA MARTIS ET OPIS (ROMAN FORUM, ROME - ITALY)
Authors: Diara F. , Cavallero F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The importance of the Digital Atlas of Rome has been crucial in order to map and analyse archaeological remains of the monumental layout of ancient Rome, enhancing the contextual connections and easing the interpretation the original city-scapes and architecture. Then, the main goal has been twofold: to recompose the archaeological framework of available knowledge and to propose reconstructive hypotheses of ancient buildings. The Domus Regia, Sacraria Martis et Opis is one of these important buildings, excavated and documented over the years. In this regard, the archaeological data and the hypothetical reconstruction of the Domus Regia have been the focus of this project. In fact, the beginning of this integrative project is due to the desire to investigate how different methodology and workflows can be combined synergistically in a HBIM platform in order to ease data documentation, management and dissemination. Informative platforms and cloud solutions may be the proper solution for integrating metric data with semantic archaeological data, including and updating previous analyses. For this reason, the Domus Regia data has been managed inside a FOSS HBIM platform (FreeCAD), which was designed as a dynamic environment for modelling parametrically the ancient building and connecting related IFC objects with semantic information. Then, the resulted HBIM model has been valued and shared by using BIMData cloud platform and tested inside another environment developed ad-hoc for archaeological purposes.
A METHOD FOR MONITORING BULGE OF ANCIENT CITY WALL AFTER REPAIR
Authors: Feng B. , Hu Y. , Hou M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The ancient city wall is affected by factors such as environment and man-made factors, and the formed bulging disease is particularly prominent, and even caused irreversible damage to the ancient city wall. Therefore, the bulging monitoring after the repair of the city wall should be the top priority of the deformation monitoring of the city wall. This paper proposes a new plan for monitoring the bulge after the repair of the city wall. According to the point cloud data before the repair, the characteristic plane is fitted to determine the bulge range of the city wall, and then observation signs are placed on the surface of the repaired city wall at the corresponding location where the bulging deformation is severe. By using a total station to monitor the space coordinates of the observation signs, the deformations perpendicular to the wall can be obtained through coordinate conversion, and then the bulging of the repaired city wall can be determined. The actual application results show that this method can effectively monitor the swelling of the ancient city wall after the repair.
LEARNING THROUGH VIRTUAL TOOLS: VISIT A PLACE IN THE PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Fiorillo F. , Rizzi G. , Achille C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The concept of combining learning activities and Cultural Heritage is a highly effective approach, both in the pandemic era and no. Knowledge and awareness of a place cultural identity by the local community is itself a conservation action. Therefore, a training activity was tested at the “Liceo Leopardi” (Lecco) according to the guidelines of Italian work-school projects. It is an innovative didactic methodology that allows students to combine school training with practical experience in a public or private institution. Since 2015, it has been compulsory in Italy for all high school students. The didactic tool used to face innovative topics related to heritage digitisation and its remote access was the Virtual Tour of the Monumental Complex of Laorca. The VT is a very effective immersive tool and easy to use even for non-expert users. Through some frontal lessons and laboratory activities, the students learned the basic concepts about the acquisition techniques to realise multimedia data (artistic photography, light painting, panoramic photography, video, etc.) to enrich the Laorca complex VT frame. The didactic experimentation was very engaging for the students who created a cultural game for the younger middle school students. The game is structured like a path consisting of 10 phases, designed in two versions: one version played directly on-site and another available online within VT. The research presented aims at the CH digitisation for the involvement and participation of the local community in the territorial identity promotion. The didactic experiment involved students reinforcing the link with their territory.