bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tutoría universitaria: propuestas didácticas de competencia tutorial
Authors: Dopico Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Al igual que otras actuaciones docentes sujetas a rutinas académicas, la función tutorial también se realiza con automatismos que poco a poco van quedando obsoletos. La participación activa de profesores que investigan en la identificación de estos hábitos irreflexivos, nos ayuda a superarlos y a diseñar propuestas de formación docente que mejoren el perfil del profesor-tutor. La tutoría en el ámbito universitario requiere ajustar las competencias docentes propuestas en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) a las necesidades del alumnado que cursa los nuevos títulos de Grado, Master y Doctorado. Para inferir el sentido de la función tutorial en la educación superior e identificar nuevas competencias docentes, se indaga en la actuación tutorial en los diferentes niveles educativos: en el sistema reglado de enseñanza (primaria, secundaria, bachillerato), en la enseñanza no formal (programas formativos) y en la educación telemática (aulas Mentor, UNED). Se analiza cómo se produce la tutoría al mismo tiempo que se describe cómo ésta es percibida por los profesores y profesoras que la realizan. Este proceso de análisis, descripción e interpretación, se lleva a cabo con más detalle en el marco universitario, a través de entrevistas y cuestionarios directos pasados a profesores y alumnos. Los resultados obtenidos nos llevan a plantear estrategias de flexibilización del marco tutorial actual para introducir nuevas pautas y escenarios de interacción e intercomunicación profesor-alumno.

 
¿Están preparados los estudiantes para el aprendizaje en entornos virtuales en el contexto del EEES?
Authors: Fernández Tilve Mª Dolores , Sanjuán Roca Mª del Mar
Published: December 2017

Las nuevas tecnologías están generando una verdadera revolución que no sólo afecta al mundo productivo sino también a la propia formación, diversificándose las fuentes del saber, desapareciendo las barreras espacio-temporales y democratizando la enseñanza. El e-learning, particularmente, se está convirtiendo en una atractiva modalidad de formación con amplio arraigo social y con una presencia cada vez mayor en universidades tradicionalmente presenciales, quizás por las ventajas que incorpora y, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta los retos inmediatos que plantea la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento y las necesidades derivadas del proceso de convergencia al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES).

En este artículo presentamos un estudio de caso, fruto de una investigación interuniversitaria más amplia y que tiene como propósito general examinar las estrategias de implementación de e-learning en universidades, preferentemente, con enseñanzas en modalidad presencial, centrándonos específicamente en una de las dimensiones o categorías de análisis: formación en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Para dar respuesta a los objetivos planteados en el estudio, se utilizó una técnica de recogida de datos de corte cuantitativo: el cuestionario. En dicho instrumento de investigación, se incluyeron preguntas cerradas (con diferente alternativa de respuesta y escala de valoración tipo Lickert) y preguntas abiertas. Los resultados extraídos en el estudio informan que el estudiantado universitario encuestado no tiene una formación en TIC suficiente como para trabajar en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje exitosos, percibiendo, incluso, cierta soledad en lo que se refiere a propuestas de formación específicas o vías de asesoramiento.

 
La escritura académica en la universidad
Authors: Camps Mundó Ana , Castelló Badia Montserrat
Published: December 2017

En este texto introductorio del monográfico se definen algunos de los conceptos fundamentales que se relacionan con el constructo de escritura académica. En primer lugar, el concepto de género y su relación con el de sistema de actividad, lo que permite abordar desde un punto de vista dinámico el discurso en los entornos universitarios. A continuación, se discuten las diferentes aportaciones que se han ocupado de la clasificación de los géneros en el ámbito académico universitario lo que permite esbozar una propuesta que sirva de marco integrador para organizar la actividad de escribir y los géneros que se producen en la universidad en esferas discursivas que otorguen sentido y significado a las prácticas de escritura de los estudiantes. En tercer lugar, se ofrecen algunas reflexiones sobre el uso y la enseñanza de los géneros en la docencia universitaria desde la perspectiva apuntada en los apartados anteriores. En la segunda parte del texto se presentan los artículos que forman este monográfico y que ofrecen una panorámica variada y complementaria de las aportaciones actuales en el ámbito de la escritura académica tanto en contextos españoles y latinoamericanos como europeos. A estas aportaciones hay que sumarle la revisión y síntesis de las aproximaciones teóricas, los métodos y los resultados de los movimientos Writing Across Curriculum y Writing In the Disciplines en los EEUU

 

 
Enseñar a escribir textos científico-académicos mediante la revisión colaborativa: El trabajo final de grado en Psicología
Authors: Corcelles Seuba Mariona , Cano Ortiz Maribel , Bañales Faz Gerardo , Alicia Vega Norma
Published: December 2017

En los últimos años, han sido abundantes las propuestas en contextos universitarios diseñadas para mejorar la alfabetización académica de los estudiantes pero pocas se han centrado en la enseñanza de un género tan específico como el artículo de investigación. En el marco del Trabajo Final de Grado de Psicología, el presente estudio analizó una intervención que tuvo por finalidad la mejora de la calidad de la escritura de este género discursivo. La intervención combinó la revisión colaborativa entre pares con la revisión del profesor. Analizamos el tipo y la cantidad de sugerencias propuestas por los compañeros y por el profesor y la aceptación o no de estas sugerencias para conocer su impacto en la calidad final del texto. La muestra se compuso de 35 estudiantes y 8 profesores. Se utilizó un diseño longitudinal ex-post facto de grupo único con medidas repetidas en el que la variable dependiente fue la calidad del texto y las variables independientes la revisión entre iguales y la del profesor. Los resultados del estudio muestran que esta metodología favoreció la revisión continua del texto lo que repercutió favorablemente en su calidad final. Los compañeros ofrecieron más sugerencias que los profesores y obtuvieron una mayor ratio de aceptación. Sin embargo, estas sugerencias se dirigieron mayoritariamente a la revisión de los aspectos formales mientras que las de los profesores aludieron, en primer lugar, a la coherencia y cohesión del texto, en segundo lugar, a los aspectos formales y por último, a la voz e implicación del lector. Estas últimas sugerencias fueron las que tuvieron una mayor incidencia en la calidad final de los textos. 

 

 
Inteligencia Emocional y Comunicación: la conciencia corporal como recurso.
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Rosa María , Caja López María del Mar , Gracia Parra Patricia , Velasco Quintana Paloma , Terrón López María José
Published: December 2017

Los cambios producidos en los procesos de enseñanza– aprendizaje requieren de los docentes formación competencial que motive a los alumnos para que sean capaces de desarrollarse como personas y realizar aprendizajes significativos a lo largo de toda su vida. En línea con este objetivo es necesaria una formación específica del profesorado que promueva el desarrollo de las competencias de tipo emocional. En el contexto educativo, una de las claves del éxito (la consecución de un proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje efectivo y de calidad) se encuentra en el modo en el cual se establecen las dinámicas interpersonales. Un buen docente es aquel que no sólo “sabe”, sino que “es”. La presencia del docente en el aula, su cercanía al alumno, su capacidad para gestionar sus emociones, para comunicarse de modo eficaz y empatizar con él, son todos ellos aspectos que inciden sin lugar a dudas en el clima de trabajo, en el grado de motivación del alumno, en los resultados de aprendizaje, y claro está, en su desarrollo personal. Cuando hablamos de aspectos comunicativos, aquellos de tipo no verbal cobran una gran importancia. Los docentes apenas reciben formación de tipo experiencial sobre aspectos relacionados con la presencia del cuerpo y su expresión. El conocimiento enactivo a través de un programa de concienciación corporal y comunicación no –verbal posibilita el desarrollo de competencias intra e interpersonales. Se presentan en este trabajo los resultados preliminares de un programa de formación realizado en este ámbito con profesores universitarios de distintas áreas de conocimiento. 

 

 
El EEES; identidad y competitividad Europea: Principios fundamentales e interpretación de las principales autoridades.
Authors: Comas Parra Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2017

El proceso de construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) no ha sido exento de controversia y diferentes niveles de interpretación en su creación, fundamentación e desarrollo.

El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un cierto retrato de la situación e ir más allá del estudio a nivel teórico, en base a los documentos oficiales que han ido acompañando y complementando las diferentes reuniones europeas de los Ministros responsables de la educación superior. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad, en formato semiestructuradas, hemos encontrado interesante captar las opiniones, expectativas y percepciones de actores responsables e activos del proceso de construcción del EEES: Guy Haug, Domenico Lenarduzzi, Marius Rubiralta, Eric Froment, Josep M. Bricall y Jorge Fernadez Díaz. Todos ellos, con relevancia política y universitaria que han estado implicados desde diferentes instituciones: Conferencia Europea de Rectores, European University Association, Dirección General de Educación de la Comisión Europea y diferentes Ministerios de Educación Superior. Sus aportaciones han aportado conocimiento para contrastar y ofrecer una mejor y mayor comprensión del despliegue del EEES.

El estudio concluye, partiendo de la triangulación de las aportaciones de los entrevistados y la revisión de documentos oficiales, en diferentes ámbitos e afirmaciones tales como; la constatación de la universidad (conjuntamente con la investigación - Espacio Europeo de Investigación  y la formación permanente – Espacio Europeo de Formación Permanente) como eje del desarrollo de la sociedad y del sello distintivo de Europa, pero necesita adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos y vincularse al concepto de competitividad y eficiencia, y ofrecer una mayor y mejor cooperación y proximidad para favorecer la movilidad y el reconocimiento mutuo. También se establece que la creación del EEES responde a una lucha de poder entre el derecho de autonomía de las universidades, el derecho legislativo de los gobiernos estatales y las recomendaciones de la Comisión Europea. Sin embargo, todos coinciden en plantear una reflexión de autocrítica respecto al esfuerzo de información y difusión para evitar posibles interpretaciones erróneas o malentendidos y posibilitar mayores y mejores vías de participación.

 

 
La responsabilidad social de las universidades a través de la memoria cinematográfica
Authors: Chisvert Tarazona María José
Published: December 2017

Este artículo rescata una interesante película británica filmada en 1983 por Lewis Gilbert, "Educando a Rita", referencia fiel a la memoria de los inicios de la Open University, a su espíritu de innovación educativa, pionera en la educación universitaria a distancia en Europa. La cinta explora temas relevantes relativos a la educación superior y susceptibles de análisis en al menos cuatro dimensiones: la cultura de la institución universitaria, la profesionalidad docente, la metodología de enseñanza y el papel del alumnado en los estudios superiores. Las dimensiones consideradas requieren de un elemento posibilitador, de reflexión curricular: la orientación de los planes de estudio. El interés por cuestionar el sentido del espacio universitario recupera la noción de misión académica vinculada a la idea de excelencia intelectual y al desarrollo científico que subyace a tres actividades principales dirigidas a cumplir su función de generación y difusión del conocimiento y la cultura: la investigación, la enseñanza y la extensión. Esta última, la extensión universitaria, nace con miras a fortalecer la vinculación universidad-entorno social bajo el enfoque de la responsabilidad social universitaria, si bien su incorporación al quehacer de las instituciones de educación superior adolece de escaso reconocimiento como función sustantiva. Se convierte así en la gran olvidada en los planes de estudio actuales inspirados en el EEES al limitarse a generar pruebas de acceso específicas dirigidas a personas adultas. Las transiciones tardías a la esfera universitaria requieren nuevas propuestas integradoras en los planes de estudio para estos colectivos.

 

 
Quantification of CO emissions from the city of Madrid using MOPITT satellite retrievals and WRF simulations
Authors: Dekker Iris N. , Houweling Sander , Aben Ilse , Röckmann Thomas , Krol Maarten , Martínez-Alonso Sara , Deeter Merritt N. , Worden Helen M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The growth of mega-cities leads to air quality problems directly affecting the citizens. Satellite measurements are becoming of higher quality and quantity, which leads to more accurate satellite retrievals of enhanced air pollutant concentrations over large cities. In this paper, we compare and discuss both an existing and a new method for estimating urban-scale trends in CO emissions using multi-year retrievals from the MOPITT satellite instrument. The first method is mainly based on satellite data, and has the advantage of fewer assumptions, but also comes with uncertainties and limitations as shown in this paper. To improve the reliability of urban-to-regional scale emission trend estimation, we simulate MOPITT retrievals using the Weather Research and Forecast model with chemistry core (WRF-Chem). The difference between model and retrieval is used to optimize CO emissions in WRF-Chem, focusing on the city of Madrid, Spain. This method has the advantage over the existing method in that it allows both a trend analysis of CO concentrations and a quantification of CO emissions. Our analysis confirms that MOPITT is capable of detecting CO enhancements over Madrid, although significant differences remain between the yearly averaged model output and satellite measurements (R2 =  0.75) over the city. After optimization, we find Madrid CO emissions to be lower by 48 % for 2002 and by 17 % for 2006 compared with the EdgarV4.2 emission inventory. The MOPITT-derived emission adjustments lead to better agreement with the European emission inventory TNO-MAC-III for both years. This suggests that the downward trend in CO emissions over Madrid is overestimated in EdgarV4.2 and more realistically represented in TNO-MACC-III. However, our satellite and model based emission estimates have large uncertainties, around 20 % for 2002 and 50 % for 2006.
Representativeness of single lidar stations for zonally averaged ozone profiles, their trends and attribution to proxies
Authors: Zerefos Christos , Kapsomenakis John , Eleftheratos Kostas , Tourpali Kleareti , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Hubert Daan , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Frith Stacey , Sofieva Viktoria , Hassler Birgit
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The paper is focusing on the representativeness of single lidar stations for zonally averaged ozone profile variations over the middle and upper stratosphere. From the lower to the upper stratosphere, ozone profiles from single or grouped lidar stations correlate well with zonal means calculated from (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV) overpasses. The best representativeness is found within a few degrees of latitude north or south of any lidar station. The latitude range with significant correlation coefficients (> 0.4) spans about ±10° in the mid-stratosphere (around 30 hPa) and becomes much larger in the upper stratosphere (around 2 hPa), where it spans a large part of the entire globe. The paper includes also a multiple linear regression analysis on the relative importance of proxy time series for explaining variations in the vertical ozone profiles. Studied proxies represent variability due to influences outside of the earth system (solar cycle), variability due to dynamic processes (the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)), due to volcanic aerosol (Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)), due to tropopause height changes (including global warming) and due to manmade contributions to chemistry (Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC)). Ozone trends are estimated, with and without removal of proxies, from the total available 1980 to 2015 SBUV record. Except for the chemistry related proxy (EESC), the use of the other proxies does not alter the significance of the estimated long-term trends. At heights above 10 hPa an “inflection point” between 1997 and 1999 marks the end of significant negative ozone trends, followed by a recent period of positive ozone change over the period 1998-2015. At heights below 15 hPa the pre-1998 negative ozone trends tend to become insignificant as we move towards 2015.
Surface impacts of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Gray Lesley J. , Anstey James A. , Kawatani Yoshio , Lu Hua , Osprey Scott , Schenzinger Verena
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Teleconnections between the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the Northern Hemisphere zonally-averaged zonal winds, mean sea level pressure (mslp) and tropical precipitation are explored using regression analysis. A novel technique is introduced to separate responses associated with the stratospheric polar vortex from other underlying mechanisms. A previously reported mslp response in January, with a pattern that resembles the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) under QBO westerly conditions, is confirmed and found to be primarily associated with a QBO modulation of the stratospheric polar vortex. This mid-winter response is relatively insensitive to the exact height of the maximum QBO westerlies and a maximum response occurs with westerlies over a relatively deep range between 10–70 hPa. Two additional mslp responses are reported, in early winter (December) and late winter (February/March). In contrast to the January response the early and late winter responses show maximum sensitivity to the QBO winds at ~ 20 hPa and ~ 70 hPa but are relatively insensitive to the QBO winds in between (~ 50 hPa). The late winter response is centred over the North Pacific and is associated with QBO influence from the lowermost stratosphere at tropical/subtropical latitudes. The early winter response consists of anomalies over both the North Pacific and Europe, but the mechanism is unclear and requires further investigation. QBO anomalies are found in tropical precipitation amounts and a southward shift of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone under westerly QBO conditions is also evident.
Continuous light absorption photometer for long-term studies
Authors: Ogren John A. , Wendell Jim , Andrews Elisabeth , Sheridan Patrick J.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A new photometer is described for continuous determination of the aerosol light absorption coefficient, optimized for long-term studies of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols. Measurements of the light attenuation coefficient are made at blue, green, and red wavelengths, with a detection limit of 0.02 Mm−1 and a precision of 4 % for hourly averages. The uncertainty of the light absorption coefficient is primarily determined by the uncertainty of the correction scheme commonly used to convert the measured light attenuation to light absorption coefficient and ranges from about 20 % at sites with high loadings of strongly absorbing aerosols up to 100 % or more at sites with low loadings of weakly absorbing aerosols. Much lower uncertainties (ca. 40 %) for the latter case can be achieved with an advanced correction scheme.
Continuous measurement of air–water gas exchange by underwater eddy covariance
Authors: Berg Peter , Pace Michael L.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Exchange of gases, such as O2, CO2, and CH4, over the air–water interface is an important component in aquatic ecosystem studies, but exchange rates are typically measured or estimated with substantial uncertainties. This diminishes the precision of common ecosystem assessments associated with gas exchanges such as primary production, respiration, and greenhouse gas emission. Here, we used the aquatic eddy covariance technique – originally developed for benthic O2 flux measurements – right below the air–water interface (∼ 4 cm) to determine gas exchange rates and coefficients. Using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and a fast-responding dual O2–temperature sensor mounted on a floating platform the 3-D water velocity, O2 concentration, and temperature were measured at high-speed (64 Hz). By combining these data, concurrent vertical fluxes of O2 and heat across the air–water interface were derived, and gas exchange coefficients were calculated from the former. Proof-of-concept deployments at different river sites gave standard gas exchange coefficients (k600) in the range of published values. A 40 h long deployment revealed a distinct diurnal pattern in air–water exchange of O2 that was controlled largely by physical processes (e.g., diurnal variations in air temperature and associated air–water heat fluxes) and not by biological activity (primary production and respiration). This physical control of gas exchange can be prevalent in lotic systems and adds uncertainty to assessments of biological activity that are based on measured water column O2 concentration changes. For example, in the 40 h deployment, there was near-constant river flow and insignificant winds – two main drivers of lotic gas exchange – but we found gas exchange coefficients that varied by several fold. This was presumably caused by the formation and erosion of vertical temperature–density gradients in the surface water driven by the heat flux into or out of the river that affected the turbulent mixing. This effect is unaccounted for in widely used empirical correlations for gas exchange coefficients and is another source of uncertainty in gas exchange estimates. The aquatic eddy covariance technique allows studies of air–water gas exchange processes and their controls at an unparalleled level of detail. A finding related to the new approach is that heat fluxes at the air–water interface can, contrary to those typically found in the benthic environment, be substantial and require correction of O2 sensor readings using high-speed parallel temperature measurements. Fast-responding O2 sensors are inherently sensitive to temperature changes, and if this correction is omitted, temperature fluctuations associated with the turbulent heat flux will mistakenly be recorded as O2 fluctuations and bias the O2 eddy flux calculation.
Impact of salinity on element incorporation in two benthic foraminiferal species with contrasting Magnesium contents
Authors: Geerken Esmee , de Nooijer Lennart Jan , van Dijk Inge , Reichart Gert-Jan
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Accurate reconstructions of seawater salinity could provide valuable constraints for studying past ocean circulation, the hydrological cycle and sea level change. Controlled growth experiments and field studies have shown the potential of foraminiferal Na/Ca as a direct salinity proxy. Incorporation of minor and trace elements in foraminiferal shell carbonate varies, however, greatly between species and hence extrapolating calibrations to other species needs validation by additional (culturing) studies. Salinity is also known to impact other foraminiferal carbonate-based proxies, such as Mg/Ca for temperature and Sr/Ca for seawater carbonate chemistry. Better constraints on the role of salinity on these proxies will improve their reliability. Using a controlled growth experiment spanning a salinity range of 20 units and analysis of single chamber element composition using laser ablation-ICP-MS, we here show that Na/Ca correlates positively with salinity in two benthic foraminiferal species (Ammonia tepida and Amphistegina lessonii). The Na/Ca values differ between the two species, with an approximately 2-fold higher Na/Ca in Amphistegina than in Ammonia, which coincides with an offset in their Mg content (~ 35 mmol/mol versus ~ 2.5 mmol/mol for A. lessonii and A. tepida, respectively). Despite the offset in average Na/Ca values, the slopes of the Na/Ca-salinity regressions are similar between these two species. In addition, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are positively correlated with salinity in cultured A. tepida, but do not show a correlation to salinity for A. lessonii. Electron microprobe mapping of incorporated Na and Mg of the cultured specimens shows that within chamber walls of A. lessonii, Na/Ca and Mg/Ca occur in elevated bands in close proximity to the primary organic lining. For specimens of A. tepida, Mg-banding shows a similar pattern to that in A. lessonii, albeit that variation within the chamber wall is much less pronounced. Also Na-banding is much less prominent in this species. The less prominent banding and lower Mg and Sr contents of A. tepida are likely related to the absence of an inter-element correlation within experimental conditions.
Response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate in three lakes with different morphometry
Authors: Magee Madeline R. , Wu Chin H.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Water temperatures and stratification are important drivers for ecological and water quality processes within lake systems, and changes in these with increases in air temperature and changes to wind speeds may have significant ecological consequences. To properly manage these systems under changing climate, it is important to understand the effects of increasing air temperatures and wind speed changes in lakes of different depths and surface areas. In this study, we simulate three lakes that vary in depth and surface area to elucidate the effects of the observed increasing air temperatures and decreasing wind speeds on lake thermal variables (water temperature, stratification dates, strength of stratification, and surface heat fluxes) over a century (1911–2014). For all three lakes, simulations showed that epilimnetic temperatures increased, hypolimnetic temperatures decreased, the length of the stratified season increased due to earlier stratification onset and later fall overturn, stability increased, and longwave and sensible heat fluxes at the surface increased. Overall, lake depth influences the presence of stratification, Schmidt stability, and differences in surface heat flux, while lake surface area influences differences in hypolimnion temperature, hypolimnetic heating, variability of Schmidt stability, and stratification onset and fall overturn dates. Larger surface area lakes have greater wind mixing due to increased surface momentum. Climate perturbations indicate that our larger study lakes have more variability in temperature and stratification variables than the smaller lakes, and this variability increases with larger wind speeds. For all study lakes, Pearson correlations and climate perturbation scenarios indicate that wind speed has a large effect on temperature and stratification variables, sometimes greater than changes in air temperature, and wind can act to either amplify or mitigate the effect of warmer air temperatures on lake thermal structure depending on the direction of local wind speed changes.
Arctic Ocean outflow and glacier–ocean interactions modify water over the Wandel Sea shelf (northeastern Greenland)
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergey A. , Rudels Bert , Babb David G. , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Rysgaard Søren , Kristoffersen Yngve , Barber David G.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The first-ever conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) observations on the Wandel Sea shelf in northeastern Greenland were collected in April–May 2015. They were complemented by CTDs taken along the continental slope during the Norwegian FRAM 2014–2015 drift. The CTD profiles are used to reveal the origin of water masses and interactions with ambient water from the continental slope and the tidewater glacier outlet. The subsurface water is associated with the Pacific water outflow from the Arctic Ocean. The underlying halocline separates the Pacific water from a deeper layer of polar water that has interacted with the warm Atlantic water outflow through the Fram Strait, recorded below 140 m. Over the outer shelf, the halocline shows numerous cold density-compensated intrusions indicating lateral interaction with an ambient polar water mass across the continental slope. At the front of the tidewater glacier outlet, colder and turbid water intrusions were observed at the base of the halocline. On the temperature–salinity plots these stations indicate a mixing line that is different from the ambient water and seems to be conditioned by the ocean–glacier interaction. Our observations of Pacific water are set within the context of upstream observations in the Beaufort Sea and downstream observations from the Northeast Water Polynya, and clearly show the modification of Pacific water during its advection across the Arctic Ocean. Moreover, ambient water over the Wandel Sea slope shows different thermohaline structures indicating the different origin and pathways of the on-shore and off-shore branches of the Arctic Ocean outflow through the western Fram Strait.
A continuum model for meltwater flow through compacting snow
Authors: Meyer Colin R. , Hewitt Ian J.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Meltwater is produced on the surface of glaciers and ice sheets when the seasonal energy forcing warms the snow to its melting temperature. This meltwater percolates into the snow and subsequently runs off laterally in streams, is stored as liquid water, or refreezes, thus warming the subsurface through the release of latent heat. We present a continuum model for the percolation process that includes heat conduction, meltwater percolation and refreezing, as well as mechanical compaction. The model is forced by surface mass and energy balances, and the percolation process is described using Darcy's law, allowing for both partially and fully saturated pore space. Water is allowed to run off from the surface if the snow is fully saturated. The model outputs include the temperature, density, and water-content profiles and the surface runoff and water storage. We compare the propagation of freezing fronts that occur in the model to observations from the Greenland Ice Sheet. We show that the model applies to both accumulation and ablation areas and allows for a transition between the two as the surface energy forcing varies. The largest average firn temperatures occur at intermediate values of the surface forcing when perennial water storage is predicted.
Surface lowering of the debris-covered area of Kanchenjunga Glacier in the eastern Nepal Himalaya since 1975, as revealed by Hexagon KH-9 and ALOS satellite observations
Authors: Lamsal Damodar , Fujita Koji , Sakai Akiko
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study presents the geodetic mass balance of Kanchenjunga Glacier, one of the largest debris-covered glaciers in the easternmost Nepal Himalaya, which possesses a negative mass balance of −0.18 ± 0.17 m w.e. a−1 for the 1975–2010 study period, estimated using digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from Hexagon KH-9 and ALOS PRISM stereo images. Accurate DEMs, with a relative uncertainty of ±5.5 m, were generated from the intensive and manual editing of triangulated irregular network (TIN) models on a stereo MirrorTM/3D Monitor. The glacier ice-flow velocity field was also calculated using a feature-tracking method that was applied to two ALOS orthoimages taken in 2010. The elevation differences between the two DEMs highlight considerable surface lowering across the debris-covered area, and a slight thickening in the accumulation area of Kanchenjunga Glacier between 1975 and 2010. The magnitude and gradient of surface lowering are similar among the six glacier tributaries, even though they are situated at different elevations, which may reflect variations in the ice-flow velocity field. The pattern of surface lowering correlates well with the ice-flow velocity field over the debris-covered portion of the main tributary, suggesting that the glacier dynamics significantly affect surface lowering by altering the emergence velocity along the glacier, particularly in the compressive ablation area. Surface-lowering patterns partially correspond to the supraglacial pond area fraction of the glacier, with enhanced surface lowering observed in areas that possess a larger pond area fraction. These findings support the hypothesis that supraglacial ponds may intensify ice wastage and play a key role in the heterogeneous surface lowering of debris-covered glaciers. The estimated mass loss of Kanchenjunga Glacier is moderate compared with other debris-covered glaciers in neighboring Himalayan regions, which may be due to the lower pond area fraction of Kanchenjunga Glacier relative to other glaciers.
Foreword
Authors: Staff PJTLP
Published: December 2017

The Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law & Policy is pleased to announce it will now publish one issue per year. Articles, essays, and other submissions will be reviewed and, if accepted, published on a rolling basis.
Doce versiones del «Jabberwocky» de Lewis Carroll: una propuesta de valoración poética
Authors: López Guix Juan Gabriel
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo analiza las dificultades contenidas en el poema «Jabberwocky» de Lewis Carroll e identifica una serie de parámetros textuales con los que llevar a cabo el análisis y la comparación del modo en que han sido resueltas esas dificultades a lo largo de setenta años por una docena de traducciones al castellano procedentes de ambos lados del Atlántico, desde la primera publicada en 1944 hasta algunas de las más recientes realizadas en los últimos años.
Las traducciones de poesía china de Marcela de Juan
Authors: MI 宓田 Tian
Published: December 2017

Marcela de Juan es una traductora pionera e importante en la traducción del chino al español en el siglo XX, pero son escasas las investigaciones que se han dedicado a sus publicaciones. Destacan especialmente sus traducciones de poesía china al español que han logrado una importante difusión entre los lectores españoles y han sido un punto de partida para muchos investigadores de la poesía china posteriores.
Supporting the theory of math didactic using knowledge-measuring questions and analysis of the solutions
Authors: Kántor Sándor , Fejes-Tóth Péter
Published: December 2017

New or rediscovered results presented in this paper are the results of the analysis of the problem sets used in the two-tier system secondary school final examination in mathematics, a system that was introduced in Hungary in 2005.
Many of the revealed problem arise in connection with misunderstanding the text of the problems. Causes of misinterpretation can be either that the text is lacking some important information, or that it should be interpreted not in word-to-word manner.
Theses and their argumentations presented here refer partly on the new types of problems (tests, non-standard mathematical contents), and partly on improvement of learning-teaching process in topics of equations and approximations.
Examining relation between talent and competence through an experiment among 11th grade students
Authors: Árendás Veronika
Published: December 2017

The areas of competencies that are formable, that are to be formed and developed by teaching mathematics are well-usable in recognizing talent. We can examine the competencies of a student, we can examine the competencies required to solve a certain exercise, or what competencies an exercise improves.
I studied two exercises of a test taken by students of the IT specialty segment of class 11.d of Jedlik Ányos High School, a class that I teach. These exercises were parts of the thematic unit of Combinatorics and Graph Theory. I analysed what competencies a gifted student has, and what competencies I need to improve while teaching mathematics. I summarized my experience about the solutions of the students, the ways I can take care of the gifted students, and what to do to the less gifted ones.
Engineering and Economic Mathematics for Engineering Management Students
Authors: Dékány Kornélia Éva
Published: December 2017

In this article we describe the first part of a case study, which was made with 48 Engineering Management students. The participants of the case study were MSc level students at the Szent István University, Gödöllő. We looked for methods by which we can support the most important components of competence motivation and the development of mathematical and other key competences during the mathematics lessons and individual learning. Another goal of our research was to get reliable information about students learning methods and their awareness of self-efficacy, furthermore their achievement in the subject of Engineering and Economic Mathematics. Detailed assistance was provided for the students in the e-learning portal. Knowledge tests, questionnaire and personal interviews with the students were also used. As an example we introduce one of the knowledge tests connected with the first half of the course about linear programming and graph theory. We detail its didactical background and show the results of the students.
The Impact of Imports and Exports Performance on the Economic Growth of Somalia
Authors: Ali Ali Abdulkadir , Sheikh Ali Ali Yassin , Dalmar Mohamed Saney
Published: December 2017

In this paper the impact of exports and imports on the economic growth of Somalia over the period 1970-1991 was investigated. The study applied econometric methods such as Ordinary Least Squares technique. The Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration tests were also used for analysing the long term association. By using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) stationarity test, the variables proved to be integrated of the order one 1(1) at first difference. Johansen test of co-integration was used to determine if there is a long run association in the variables. To determine the direction of causality among the variables, both in the long and short run, the Pair-wise Granger Causality test was carried out. It was found that economic growth does not Granger Cause Export but was found hat export Granger Cause GDP. So this implies that there is unidirectional causality between exports and economic growth. Also there is bidirectional Granger Causality between import and export. The results show that economic growth in Somalia requires export-led growth strategy as well as export led import. Imports and exports are thus seen as the source of economic growth in Somalia.
Use of CAMEL Rating Framework: A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Selected Bangladeshi Private Commercial Banks
Authors: Rahman Md. Zahidur , Islam Md. Shohidul
Published: December 2017

The Banking sector in Bangladesh is one of the fast growing sectors and considered as an integral part of the economy. Hence, monitoring, supervision and continuous performance evaluation of the banking sector is compulsory to ensure the financial stability of the economy since the banking sector is becoming more complex than before. The present study is an attempt to evaluate and compare the performance of the banking sector in Bangladesh. One of the most effective supervisory techniques, CAMELS rating system (basically a quantitative technique) has been used to rank the banks based on their performances. In this study, seventeen conventional private commercial banks have been chosen as samples to meet the purpose of the study. Data for analysis has been collected from the banks’ annual reports for the period (2010-2016). The result from this comparative analysis shows that Eastern Bank has stood at the top position among all the selected banks based on CAMEL rating system. However, the findings from this paper will definitely help the researchers and analysts to understand financial statement analysis in a depth manner and also provide a uniform basis for identifying those institutions requiring special supervisory attention.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Agreement: Impact on Shareholders of Pakistani Firms
Authors: Ghani WaQar I. , Sharma Rajneesh
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates the effects on shareholders’ wealth of firms composed of the Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index, around events leading up to the signing of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) agreement. We used standard event study methodology to measure the stock price reaction of KSE 100 Index (composed of all major sectors of Pakistan economy) around three key events related to CPEC agreement. Based on average security returns and cumulative average security returns, our results show significant and positive reaction of KSE 100 Index around all three key CPEC events. Our results capture market participants’ assessment of the CPEC agreement’s impact on future growth of Pakistani companies and the resultant effect of its shareholders’ wealth. These positive wealth effects are of significant predictive value as additional bilateral and multilateral agreements are contemplated in that region. Our research contributes to a research stream that sees valuable payoffs of bilateral trade agreements for developing economies and support the argument that bilateral agreements can promote and attract institutional and private foreign direct investment (FDI), which otherwise may not be forthcoming. The argument goes on to argue that these bilateral agreements also help raise the quality of institutional framework in the developing countries.
CCS AS ONE OF the CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION METHODS
Authors: ADAMCZAK-BIAŁY Teresa , WÓJCICKI Adam
Published: December 2017

Information presented in the article allows us to introduce one of the ways of reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions responsible for the temperature increase and climate change. This is the technology of capture and underground storage of carbon dioxide in geologic structures (Carbon Capture and Storage/Sequestration – CCS). Most of the large-scale CCS projects (i.e. capture and storage of an order of magnitude of 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year) operate in the United States and Canada. Many of them are associated with the use of CO2 captured from the industrial processes for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The presented examples of projects are: Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Sequestration Demonstration Project (Canada), Great Plains Synfuels and Weyburn-Midale Project (Canada), and Kemper County IGCC Project (United States). CCS projects are crucial for demonstrating the technological readiness and reduce the cost of wider commercial implementation of capture and geological storage of CO2. The status of the projects on geological storage of CO2 in 2015 is 15 large-scale CCS projects operating around the world, and 7 projects in execution.
Capital Structure Modelling and Analysis of its Impact on Business Performance
Authors: Horváthová Jarmila , Mokrišová Martina
Published: December 2017

The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of company's capital structure on its performance. To achieve the goal, the data of Slovak businesses were used. An input analysis of the capital structure of the selected sector was carried out in order to generalize and elaborate conclusions aimed at the capital structure of the businesses analysed. Selected indicators of capital structure were calculated to analyse the relationships between these indicators and business performance. The results of the correlation analysis were complemented by examining the impact of selected independent variables on business performance applying regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Based on the findings, capital structure model was formulated to quantify the impact of changes in capital structure on business performance. The contribution of the paper is the identification of capital structure indicators that affect business performance as well as the construction of capital structure model. The article as well as the research, which is the basis for paper elaboration, is the result of professional public interest focused on finding whether the capital structure is the determinant of business performance.
The Global Banking Sector
Authors: Miller Seumas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2017

Corrupt, unethical and imprudent practices in the global banking sector have been identified as among the causes of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). In this paper I (1) provide an analysis of institutional corruption that enables institutional corruption within the global banking sector to be (a) viewed in relation to economic injustice, and (b) demarcated from the unfortunate consequences of unavoidably risky market-based activity, poor judgment, ill-informed policy-making etc.; (2) argue for an understanding of and response to institutional corruption in the global banking sector that is holistic i.e., focuses on institutional purpose, industry structure and banking culture rather than simply structure or culture; and (3) argue for an account of moral responsibility for corruption and economic injustice in the global banking sector, and for combating it, in terms of meta-collective responsibility, a specific notion of collective moral responsibility that does not allow individual human actors to evade responsibility.
VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA EM GENÓTIPOS DE TECA (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) BASEADA EM MARCADORES MOLECULARES ISSR E CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS
Authors: Giustina Luana Della , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Vieira Felipe Sakamoto , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , Neves Leonarda Grillo , Pereira Telma Nair Santana
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar 50 genótipos de teca com base em marcadores moleculares ISSR. Dentre os genótipos estudados, 12 eram árvores candidatas, 36 vizinhas às candidatas e 02 árvores consideradas superiores com base no fenótipo, segundo a avaliação dos produtores. Esses genótipos foram propagados via seminal e possuem de 10 a 12 anos em campo. Para tal estudo foram coletadas em campo folhas jovens e expandidas de cada genótipo. O DNA total foi extraído e as amplificações foram feitas via PCR com 12 primers ISSR, previamente selecionados. As amostras foram aplicadas em gel de agarose 1,5% e submetidas à corrida de eletroforese. Para visualização dos produtos amplificados, o gel foi corado com brometo de etídeo e fotodocumentados em transiluminador UV. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa POPGENE 1.31 e os parâmetros de diversidade foram estimados. As análises de dissimilaridade foram estimadas pelo Índice de Jaccard e a construção do dendrograma foi feita com base no método UPGMA. Paralelamente, foi realizada a análise fenotípica de dados morfológicos referentes às árvores candidatas pela análise multicategórica. Todas as análises foram realizadas com auxílio do Programa Genes. Os 12 primers amplificaram 56 fragmentos. Para o índice de conteúdos polimórfico, os iniciadores UBC 841, UBC 857 e UBC 807 proporcionaram maiores valores, 0,329, 0,327 e 0,303, respectivamente. A diversidade genética das árvores candidatas (H = 0,1601 e I = 0,2301) foi similar à das vizinhas (H = 0,1507; I = 0,2178). O dendrograma gerado pelo método UPGMA formou 14 grupos, enquanto que no agrupamento com base em Tocher, 15 grupos foram formados. Quanto à análise fenotípica, a variável que mais contribuiu para a diversidade foi a formação de catana. Esses resultados refletem que há variabilidade entre os genótipos. Nota-se, portanto, a necessidade da ampliação da variabilidade do material, através da introdução de genótipos de diferentes procedências e não relacionados geneticamente.