bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Hukum Terhadap Proses Pemberhentian dan Pengangkatan Perangkat Desa di Kawasan Sumba Barat Daya
Authors: Liany Angsana Dewi Hadi  , Eko Primananda
Published: September 2024

The decisions of the State Administrative Court play a crucial role in upholding the law and ensuring justice. The implementation of these decisions is also a critical part of ensuring justice. Efforts to ensure the execution of decisions, such as coercive measures and administrative sanctions, need to be taken to ensure that court decisions are truly enforced. This way, the principle of justice can be more effectively realized at all stages of the legal process, from hearings to the implementation of decisions. The research questions in this study are: (1) Whether the dismissal and appointment of village officials in Weepangali Village comply with Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages; (2) How is the implementation of the procedures for the dismissal and appointment of village officials in Weepangali Village after Decision Number 39/G/2022/PTUN? The research found that the process of appointing the new Village Apparatus was carried out by dismissing the old Village Apparatus without any prior notification letter and without any clear reason. The conclusion is that the process of appointing and dismissing Village Apparatus is not in accordance with statutory provisions.
KAJIAN KAPAL BERBENDERA INDONESIA YANG MELAKUKAN PENANGKAPAN IKAN TANPA SURAT IZIN PENANGKAPAN IKAN ANDON DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG PERIKANAN
Authors: Romariotua  , Sri Untari Indah Artati
Published: September 2024

Andon Fishing Permit is a written permit that must be owned by every fishing vessel to catch fish outside its administrative domicile area, but there are still parties who catch fish outside their domicile without an Andon SIPI as in Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. The problem is 1) How are fishing business activities carried out by Indonesian-flagged vessels without an Andon Fishing Permit in Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. reviewed from the Fisheries Law? 2) Is the Decision of the Labuan Bajo District Court Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. in accordance with the Fisheries Law? This normative legal research. The research shows that fishing outside the administrative domicile without an Andon Fishing Permit (SIPI) is prohibited under Law Number 45 of 2009 in conjunction with Ministerial Regulation KP Number 25 of 2020. Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. aligns with Article 27 paragraph 1 of the Fisheries Law 2009. The conclusion is that fishing without a permit violates the Fisheries Law, and the court's decision complies with the legal provisions.
KAJIAN YURIDIS ATAS PENGADAAN TANAH IBU KOTA NUSANTARA TERKAIT OBJEK TANAH ULAYAT MASYARAKAT ADAT DI PENAJAM PASER UTARA
Authors: Hanna Putri Avrillia Tinambunan  , Hasni
Published: September 2024

The Government of Indonesia is currently undertaking the Nusantara Capital City project, which requires land acquisition for the construction of the new capital. This legal research aims to explore the proper procedures for land acquisition in the context of the Nusantara Capital City project, the legal protection for the indigenous communities of Penajam Paser Utara whose land is being used for the project, and the challenges encountered during the land acquisition process. The research employs a normative legal research method. The findings indicate that the land acquisition carried out by the government, specifically by the Nusantara Capital City Authority, complies with the requirements set by the applicable laws and regulations. However, despite this compliance, the legal protection for affected communities remains insufficient, and several challenges have been identified in the implementation of the land acquisition process. The conclusion is that while the procedures align with legal requirements, there is still a need for improved legal protection and resolution of the challenges faced during the land acquisition for the Nusantara Capital City project
DOKTRIN “RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT” DALAM PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN DI REPUBLIK SUDAN TAHUN 2023
Authors: Yonathan Andrew  , Ayu Nrangwesti
Published: September 2024

Differing views on sovereignty and intervention gave birth to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle which emphasizes the responsibility of states to protect their people from war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. The armed conflict in Sudan showed violations of the R2P principle that caused thousands of casualties and sexual violence. The problem of this article is the status of the R2P principle in international law and whether the UN Security Council resolution implementing R2P can be a precedent for applying the R2P principle in Sudan. This article is normative juridical research, descriptive-analytical in nature, using secondary data, qualitative data processing, and deductive conclusions are drawn. The results show that the position of the R2P principle is internationally recognized in various UN documents and resolutions and the UN Security Council has not applied the R2P principle in the case of Sudan.
Kajian Sistem Tata Udara pada Proses Tableting di Industri Farmasi
Authors: Gunawan Harjadi , Adiriwanto Devin
Published: September 2024

Sistem tata udara memegang peranan penting dalam industri farmasi. Hal ini disebabkan karena untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan tempat pembuatan produk, memastikan produksi obat yang sesuai standar sehingga mengurangi resiko material terkontaminasi, memberikan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman bagi pekerja. Untuk menentukan jenis dan kapasitas Air Handling Unit (AHU) di pabrik farmasi sehingga tidak menyebabkan pemborosan energi dan biaya, diperlukan perhitungan beban pendinginan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkaji jumlah supply air yang diperlukan untuk pengkondisian temperatur dan Relative Humidity (RH) pada sistem tata udara untuk bagian pembuatan tablet di pabrik farmasi. Berdasarkan standar yang ada, supply air flow yang diperlukan untuk ruang Mixing adalah 1724,4 Cubic Meter per Hour (CMH), untuk ruang Tablet Press sebesar 1838,8 CMH, untuk ruang Primary Packaging adalah 2483,136 CMH dan ruang Weighing adalah 508,4 CMH. Selain itu, supply air flow sangat dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan tekanan differential yang dibutuhkan untuk kondisi clean room dan kondisi kebersihan dari filter di jalur supply air.
Hubungan Strategi Koping dengan Stres dan Kualitas Tidur pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran
Authors: Tanamas Patricia , Ayu Astri Parawita , Ekowati Ana Lucia , Suryani Eva
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Stres dan kualitas tidur yang buruk dikalangan mahasiswa kedokteran lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa prodi lainnnya. Hal ini perlu dikelola dengan strategi koping yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara strategi koping dengan stres dan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa prodi sarjana kedokteran angkatan 2018-2020 FKIK-UAJ.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan strategi koping dengan stres dan kualitas tidur.
Metode: Studi cross-sectional dilakukan kepada 189 mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK-UAJ angkatan 2018-2020 yang tidak memiliki gangguan tidur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42), BRIEF COPE, dan The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman dan Regresi Logistik.
Hasil: Terdapat 22,2% mahasiswa kedokteran yang mengalami stres dan 43,9% mahasiswa kedokteran yang mengalami kualitas tidur yang buruk. Emotion Focused coping merupakan strategi koping yang sering digunakan oleh mahasiswa kedokteran di FKIKUAJ. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres dengan kualitas tidur (r = 0,48, p < 0,001), stres dengan dysfunctional coping (r = 0,44, p < 0,001), dysfunctional coping dengan kualitas tidur (r = 0, 29, p < 0,001). Melihat efek strategi koping dan stres terhadap kualitas tidur menggunakan regresi logistik dengan model signifikan secara statistik, (x2 (184) = 38,59, p<0,001). Didapatkan hasil bahwa meningkatnya stres (OR = 1,10, p < 0,001) dan penggunaan dysfunctional coping (OR = 1,12, p < 0,05) dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kemungkinan kualitas tidur yang buruk.
Kesimpulan: Tingkat keparahan stres memengaruhi kualitas tidur. Stres dan dysfunctional coping menjadi prediktor untuk kualitas tidur yang buruk.
Kata Kunci: Mahasiswa kedokteran; stres; strategi koping; kualitas tidur
Hipertensi dalam Kehamilan
Authors: Iryaningrum Maria Riastuti , Yuwono Angelina , Cahyadi Alius
Published: September 2024

Hipertensi dalam kehamilan merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada wanita hamil dan bayi. Insidensi hipertensi dalam kehamilan terus terjadi peningkatan meskipun telah meningkatnya kualitas perawatan prenatal. Di satu sisi, patofisiologi terjadinya hipertensi dalam kehamilan belum diketahui pasti dan merupakan penyakit yang multifaktorial. Sampai saat ini belum ada cara untuk mencegah hipertensi dalam kehamilan. Diagnosis dini dan tata laksana yang bijak merupakan kunci dalam menurunkan risiko komplikasi hipertensi baik pada ibu maupun bayi. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap kondisi hipertensi dalam kehamilan, tata laksana, dan komplikasinya.
Long COVID syndrome: An unfolding enigma
Authors: Sharma Surendra Kumar , Mohan Alladi , Upadhyay Vishwanath
Published: September 2024

Post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19), called as long COVID syndrome, is a major global public health issue after recovery from COVID-19. The disease occurs in symptomatic patients irrespective of illness severity. The symptoms continue after four wk of recovery from acute illness and persist beyond three months. Risk factors for long COVID include older age, female gender, multiple co-morbidities including diabetes mellitus, prior chronic respiratory illnesses, hospitalized patients with severe disease, especially receiving assisted ventilation, high viral load, reactivation of Epstein Barr (EB) virus and human herpes virus 6 (HH6), circulating auto antibodies against various organs and type I interferon. The prevalence varies from 10 to 20 per cent, and most data have been reported from high-income countries. Any system can get involved in long COVID. The symptoms include fatigue, cognition impairment, cough and dyspnoea, anosmia, hair loss and diarrhoea, among others. While there are no laboratory tests for confirmation of diagnosis, reduced complement C7 complexes at six months, and a two-gene biomarker including FYN and SARS-CoV-2 antisense ribonucleic acid (RNA) are emerging as potentially useful biomarkers for long COVID. There should be no alternative disease to explain various symptoms. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and early use of oral antiviral nirmatrelvir within the first five days in patients with acute mild disease having various risk factors for progression to severe disease help in preventing long COVID. Several clinical trials are underway for the treatment of long COVID and the results of these are eagerly awaited. Physical and mental rehabilitation at home, at community level or in the hospital setting as appropriate is essential in patients with long COVID.
Acute Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness & exposure to farm animals: Clinical manifestations & diagnostic approaches
Authors: Sundar Brindha , Shinde Shilpshri V. , Dongre Shreya A. , Chaudhari Sandeep P. , Khan Wiqar A. , Patil Archana R. , Kurkure Nitin V. , Rawool Deepak B. , Naik B.S. , Barbuddhe S.B.
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Q fever is an important zoonotic disease affecting humans as well as animals. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness, particularly those in close contact with animals. Various diagnostic methods were also evaluated in addition to clinical examination analysis and associated risk factors.

Methods

Individuals presenting with acute febrile illness who had animal exposure were enrolled (n=92) in this study. Serum samples were tested using IgG and IgM phase 2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The PCR targeting thecom1andIS1111genes was performed on blood samples. PCR amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Demographic data, symptoms, and risk factors were collected through a structured questionnaire.

Results

Among individuals with acute febrile illness, 34.7 per cent (32 out of 92) were found to be infected withCoxiella burnetii.PCR exhibited the highest sensitivity among the diagnostic methods employed. The most common clinical manifestations included headache, chills, arthralgia, and fatigue. Individuals engaged in daily livestock-rearing activities were found to be at an increased risk of infection.

Interpretation & conclusions

Q fever is underdiagnosed due to its varied clinical presentations, diagnostic complexities, and lack of awareness. This study underscores the importance of regular screening for Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness, particularly those with animal exposure. Early diagnosis and increased awareness among healthcare professionals are essential for the timely management and prevention of chronic complications associated with Q fever.
Characterization of blaOXA-232 carrying carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) & their expression profiles under selective carbapenem pressure: An in-depth study from India
Authors: Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Banerjee Tuhina , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Mishra Kajal , Kumar Ashok , Bhattacharjee Amitabha
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

OXA-232 is a five amino acid substitution variant of OXA-48 and is reported in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), which is associated with nosocomial infections among immunocompromised patients in the intensive care unit. This study aimed to characterise blaOXA-232 in CRKP of clinical origin and investigate its transcriptional response against sub-inhibitory levels of carbapenems.

Methods

CRKP was isolated from blood (pathogens) and stool cultures (colonisers) of neonates and was characterized for blaOXA-232. Co-existing resistance determinants were investigated in blaOXA-232 positive isolates, followed by horizontal gene transferability assay and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Cloning of blaOXA-232 was performed, and expression of blaOXA-232 in the isolates and their clones under sub-inhibitory concentrations of carbapenems was checked via RT-PCR. Mobile genetic elements associated with blaOXA-232 were investigated, followed by DNA fingerprinting through enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR.

Results

blaOXA-232 with co-carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), sulphonamides and quinolones were identified in seven CRPK isolates recovered from blood samples of neonates. Transformation and cloning of blaOXA-232 was successful. The sub-inhibitory concentration of carbapenems induces elevated expression of this resistant determinant. ISEcp1 was associated with blaOXA-232 in the upstream region within two haplotypes of CRKP isolates of clinical origin.

Interpretation & conclusions

Selective carbapenem pressure resulted in higher expression of this gene, which could account for treatment failure. With frequent reports of occurrence among clinical isolates, monitoring and further investigation of this novel variant are necessary to understand its transmission dynamics and to thwart its further dissemination.
Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility & out of pocket expenditure of severe enteric fever in Chandigarh, north India
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Bansal Adarsh , Khan Firoz , Sagar Vivek , Suri Vikas , Bansal Arun , Guglani Vishal , Mahajan Vidushi , Pandit Sadbhavna , Singh Gurinder , Chaudhary Krishna , Prinja Shankar
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Burden estimates of enteric fever are required to make policy decisions on introducing typhoid vaccine in India. Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) of enteric fever are estimated in Chandigarh, India.

Methods

A hybrid (facility and community-based) surveillance system was set up at a secondary care hospital to enrol patients above six months of age, hospitalized with fever, from a defined catchment population from May 2018 to March 2020. Blood samples were collected and cultured using an automated system (BD BACTECTM blood culture system). The Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility. OOPE was recorded after 14 and 28 days of discharge.

Results

Blood samples were collected from 97 per cent of the 1650 study participants enrolled. The incidence of enteric fever was 226.8 per 1,00,000 person-years (PY), severe typhoid fever 156.9 per 1,00,000 PY, and severe paratyphoid fever 69.9 per 1,00,000 PY. Salmonella was highly susceptible to ampicillin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone (99.25%) and least susceptible to ciprofloxacin (11.3%). The OOPE due to hospitalization of individuals infected with S. Paratyphi [INR 8696.6 (USD 116)] was significantly higher than the individuals infected with S. Typhi [INR 7309 (USD 97.5), P=0.01], and among cases who were hospitalized for more than seven days [INR 12,251 (USD 163.3)] as compared with those with a stay of 3-7 days [INR 8038.2 (USD 107.2)] or less than three days [INR 5327.8 (USD 71), P<0.001].

Interpretation & conclusions

There was a high incidence of enteric fever, high OOPE, and resistance to ciprofloxacin.
Molecular characterization of Mumps virus genotype C detected from Dibrugarh district of Assam, India
Authors: Sarmah Kimmi , Sarma Kishore , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Borah Prasanta Kumar , Sharma Ajanta , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Mumps, a contagious disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV) involves parotid gland inflammation, with potential complications affecting organs other than the parotid glands and central nervous system. Despite successful vaccination, a resurgence of mumps occurred, raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the entire genome of a representative MuV genotype C from Dibrugarh, Assam, and compare it with references to detect genetic variations in the circulating strain.

Methods

Representative MuV genotype C from our published study was subjected to whole genome sequencing. MuV genome was analyzed against the reference genome and vaccine strains before being subjected to mutational profiling, N-glycosylation site determination, and phylogenetic analysis. The Immune Epitope Database was used for epitope screening, and selected epitopes were mapped against Assam MuV for conservancy studies.

Results

Mutational analysis of Assam MuV with WHO (World health Organization) reference, vaccine strains Jeryl Lynn (Genotype A), and L Zagreb (Genotype N) showed variations in seven genes. Phylogenetic analysis established Assam MuV as genotype C. Epitope conservancy analysis highlighted subtle variations in experimentally determined T-cell epitopes for HN and F proteins, emphasizing overall epitope stability.

Interpretation & conclusions

Genome sequencing has evolved into a standard and potent method for investigating and recording circulating MuV as it provides information on surveillance, mutation analysis, and transmission dynamics. Despite mumps’ global effect, genomic studies are limited, particularly in north-east. Our study provides first comprehensive whole-genome report on circulating MuV genotype C in Assam. This research contributes vital genomic data, filling gaps in MuV genetic epidemiology, supporting global research, and assessing vaccine effectiveness.
Phylo-geo haplotype network-based characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India (2020-2022)
Authors: Potdar Varsha Atul , Laxmivandana Rongala , Walimbe Atul M. , Jadhav Santosh kumar , Pawar Pratiksha , Kaledhonkar Aditi , Gupta Nivedita , Kaur Harmanmeet , Narayan Jitendra , Yadav Pragya D. , Abraham Priya , Cherian Sarah ,   Team VRDL
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in India during 2020-2022 was carried out to understand the evolution of potentially expanding and divergent clades.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 sequences (n=612) randomly selected from among the sequences of samples collected through a nationwide network of Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratories during 2020 (n=1532) and Indian sequences available in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data during March 2020-March 2022 (n=53077), were analyzed using the phylo-geo haplotype network approach with reference to the Wuhan prototype sequence.

Results

On haplotype analysis, 420 haplotypes were revealed from 643 segregating sites among the sequences. Haplotype sharing was noted among the strains from different geographical regions. Nevertheless, the genetic distance among the viral haplotypes from different clades could differentiate the strains into distinct haplo groups regarding variant emergence.

Interpretation & conclusions

The haplotype analysis revealed that the G and GR clades were co-evolved and an epicentrefor the evolution of the GH, GK and GRA clades. GH was more frequently identified in northern parts of India than in other parts, whereas GK was detected less in north India than in other parts. Thus, the network analysis facilitated a detailed illustration of the pathways of evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
COVID-19 pandemic & neurosciences in India- the CoINstudy: Impact of the pandemic on research related to the neurosciences
Authors: Samim M.M. , Pantoji Makarand , Divya K.P. , Deora Harsh , Shashidhar Abhinith , Baishya Jitupam , Garg Divyani , Elavarasi Arunmozhimaran , Pahwa Bhavya , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Tikka Sai Krishna , Wadwekar Vaibhav , Dubey Souvik , Jain Kshiteeja , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar , Viswanathan L.G. , Asranna Ajay
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19-related disruptions on ongoing and future projects related to neuroscience research and young researchers in India.

Methods

We conducted a countrywide online survey using a structured, self-administered questionnaire involving medical trainees, post-doctoral fellows, PhD students, early career faculty members and basic neuroscience researchers. The purpose was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents’ ongoing/planned research activities and capture their concerns related to future research.

Results

Five hundred and four valid responses were analyzed. More than three-fourths of the respondents were in their early careers – 64.1 per cent were resident doctors, and 19.8 per cent were early career consultants. Maximum responses were received from respondents working in neurology (228; 45.2%), followed by psychiatry (192; 38.1%) and neurosurgery (49; 9.7%). More than three-fourths [83.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–0.867] of the respondents reported that the pandemic had affected their research. About one-third of the respondents (171; 33.9%) reported delays in completing research studies. Respondents adapted to the pandemic’s circumstances by making methodological changes in their research (155; 30.8%). Most respondents (301; 59.6%) reported being diverted from their traditional work settings to COVID-19-related clinical services. Respondents conducting prospective studies and randomized controlled trials and those diverted to COVID-related services were significantly more likely to report the adverse research impact.

Interpretation & conclusions

In our survey, an overwhelming majority of the respondents reported that the pandemic adversely impacted their study. This trend was independent of sex, designation, and research output of individual subjects. The serious impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosciences research warrants the attention and concerted efforts of the research supervisors, institutional heads, funding agencies and other stakeholders.
Estimation of State and district-specific disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to tuberculosis for Kerala, India, 2017-2020
Authors: Nujum Zinia T. , Suseela Rakesh P. , Lakshmi G.G.
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Tuberculosis (TB) control programmes routinely use indicators like incidence and mortality. A single indicator, like disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) may yield a more comprehensive burden estimate. This study attempted to estimate the state and district-specific TB burden in Kerala.

Methods

The sole data source for these computations was the Ni-kshay, notification register for 2017 to 2020, Kerala. Age of the patient and outcome are available in the register. Notified incident TB/1000, the median age of onset of TB, case fatality due to TB, and the median age of mortality were computed using SPSS software. DALYs was calculated using the DALYs package of the R program, using these input parameters. Disability weight was taken as 0.333. The absolute and relative DALY/100,000 population was estimated along with the 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Relative DALYs was highest in 2019 at 1482/100,000 and lowest at 1124/100,000 in the year 2020 during the period 2017 to 2020. The districts, which had the highest incidence were not the same as those with the highest DALYs. Ernakulam and Thrissur districts had the highest burden and Idukki had the least burden.

Interpretation & conclusions

DALYs estimates for Kerala showed an increasing trend before 2020, which could be due to the increased efforts to detect TB as part of the elimination drive. The study points towards the need for using DALYs as a measure for prioritizing districts for resource allocation.
Pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism among Indian females with infertility: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Ojha Pushpanjali R. , Kumar Amit , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Studies suggest hypothyroidism is responsible for female infertility. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in Indian infertile women so that hypothyroidism screening can be initiated, and policies are designed for prevalence reduction.

Methods

Electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched to obtain the relevant articles. Studies that reported the proportion of hypothyroidism in Indian infertile women were selected. Systematic procedures for study selection and data extraction were followed. Each study was evaluated for quality using the Joanna Briggs institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. To pool the effect sizes, a random effects model was utilized. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. To quantify heterogeneity among studies, I2 statistics were utilized. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to further investigate the heterogeneity of pooled estimates. The sensitivity analysis done whereby each study was excluded in order to examine the influence of that study in the pooled estimate. A P-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 198 articles, a total of 20 studies involving 2396 cases met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in women with infertility was 28 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 20% to 36%] which was highest in Telangana at 62 per cent (n=1; 95% CI 48% to 74%) and lowest in Karnataka at 14 per cent (n=2; 95% CI: 10% to 18%).

Interpretation & conclusions

Infertile women have high proportion of hypothyroidism, suggesting that screening programmes during diagnostic workup for infertility may provide optimal care. The result of this meta-analysis will help design guidelines and earmark highest prevalence regions to initiate preventive and diagnostic measures for prevalence reduction in future.
Climatic changes of air temperature in the western part of the Russian Arctic in 1940—2099 according to ERA5 data and CMIP6 models
Authors:   P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Serykh I.V. , Tolstikov A.V. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Published: September 2024

The study deals with the climatic changes in surface air temperature (SAT) in the western part of the Russian Arctic (60—80° N, 30—90° E). To analyze the changes in SAT that occurred over the period 1940—2023, we use data from the ERA5 reanalysis and the results of the Historical model experiment CMIP6. Future changes in SAT until the end of the 21st century we consider based on the results of SSP experiments of CMIP6 models. An increase in the average SAT of the studied region by 2—4°C is shown from approximately the mid-1970s to 2023. Moreover, this increase in SAT is most noticeable in the White and Kara Seas, as well as in the north and east of the Barents Sea. CMIP6 models based on different greenhouse gas emission scenarios produce markedly different forecasts for the increase in SAT for the region under study until the end of the 21st century. Thus, depending on the scenario, the average increase in SAT in the region under study by the end of the 21st century can range from 2—4°C to 6—10°, with stronger growth of SAT in the north of the region under study. At the same time, with little dependence on the future scenario, CMIP6 models predict that in the next 30 years the average SAT of the western part of the Russian Arctic will increase by approximately 2—3°C, and in the north of the region under study its increase may be more than 3°C, and in south — about 2°C. Thus, the difference in average SAT between the north and south of the region under study will decrease throughout the 21st century under any of the SSP scenarios considered.
Additiver Druck auf Textil Herausforderungen und Chancen für individuellen Stichschutz
Authors:   ,   Technishce Universität Dresden, Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Münks Dominik
Published: September 2024

In der heutigen Gesellschaft verzeichnet die Nutzung persönlicher Schutzausrüstung (PSA) als Vorbeugung gegen Übergriffe einen stetig wachsenden Trend. Dieser beschränkt sich nicht mehr nur auf Polizeikräfte, sondern erstreckt sich zunehmend auf weitere Berufsgruppen, einschließlich Feuerwehr- und Rettungsdienstpersonal, Mitarbeiter im öffentlichen Dienst sowie im privaten Sektor. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt auf der innovativen Entwicklung additiv gefertigter Stichschutzwesten, basierend auf bioinspirierten und skalierbaren Schutzelementen. Das Ziel ist, einen hohen Schutz gegen Messerstiche gemäß der deutschen VPAM-KDIW 2004 K1 Prüfrichtlinie mit sehr gutem Tragekomfort zu kombinieren. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Westen, die oft große, starre Platten verwenden, kann diese Neuentwicklung die Akzeptanz von Schutzwesten bei Sicherheitskräften und anderen Zielgruppen erhöhen, da sie neben Schutz auch Komfort in verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien bietet. 3-D-Körperscans dienten als Grundlage für die Erstellung der Schnittmuster der Schutzwesten und die individuelle Anpassung der Schutzstrukturen an die Körperkonturen und -krümmungen. Für die Bestimmung der Körperkrümmung wurde eine neuartige, automatisierte Methode entwickelt, die auch die Analyse und Berechnung von Körperkrümmungen in dynamischen Bewegungsszenarien ermöglicht. Verschiedene bioinspirierte Schutzstrukturen wurden mittels Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) und dem Continuous Filament Fabrication (CFF)-Verfahren gefertigt und in Anlehnung gemäß der deutschen VPAM-KDIW-Richtlinie getestet. Die Forschung konzentriert sich auf die Optimierung der Additive-Manufacturing-Prozessparameter, einschließlich der Materialauswahl, der Schichtanzahl, des Faservolumengehalts und der Faserorientierung. Die finale Materialkombination besteht aus einer Hochleistungspolymermatrix und Endlosfaserverstärkungen. Das Ergebnis ist eine stichhemmende Weste mit einem individuell gefertigten Schutzpaneel für einen Anwender. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass individueller Schutz durch den Einsatz des CFF-Verfahrens realisierbar ist.
High-performance H2/CO2 separation from 4-nm-thick oriented Zn2(benzimidazole)4 film
Authors: Song Shuqing , Liu Qi , Swathilakshmi S. , Chi Heng-Yu , Zhou Zongyao , Goswami Ranadip , Chernyshov Dmitry , Agrawal Kumar Varoon
Published: September 2024

High-performance membrane-based H2/CO2 separation has the potential to reduce the energy penalty associated with precombustion capture. The state-of-the-art high-performance membranes for this separation are based on two-dimensional (2D) laminates including those based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, the preparation of these membranes is complex, requiring the use of high-temperature, organic solvents, and a long synthesis time. Yet, they yield a limited H2/CO2 selectivity under pressurized feed conditions indicating the presence of a significant population of defective transport pathways. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of ultrathin, intergrown, and oriented Zn2(benzimidazole)4 or Zn2(bim)4 film with thickness down to 4 nm. They are prepared at room temperature using water as an environmentally-friendly solvent, and with a synthesis time as small as 10 min. This is achieved by screening a crystallization regime involving ultra-dilute precursor solutions where homogeneous nucleation of Zn2(bim)4 is delayed. Rapid in-plane growth of 2D Zn2(bim)4 film is promoted over an atomic-smooth graphene substrate eliminating pinhole defects in the film. Resulting membranes yield a large permselective H2 transport under pressurized H2/CO2 mixture feed. The combination of facile and green synthesis with high-performance separation makes these membranes attractive for precombustion capture.
A lipid-based delivery platform for pulsatile delivery of teriparatide
Authors: Schlosser Corinna , Rozek Wojciech , Mellor Ryan , Manka Szymon , Morris Christopher , Brocchini Steve , Williams Gareth
Published: September 2024

Teriparatide (and analogue peptides) are the only FDA approved anabolic treatments for osteoporosis. Current therapies are administered as a daily subcutaneous injection, which limits patient adherence and clinical efficacy. To achieve the desired anabolic effect, a controlled delivery system must ensure a pulsatile release profile over a prolonged period. Thermo-responsive formulations (e.g. liposomes) can undergo a temperature-related phase-transition which can allow active control of drug release. Herein, thermo-responsive liposomes were developed to permit precise control over the teriparatide release rate through modulation of temperature. Entrapment of hydrophilic molecules, including peptides within liposomes remains challenging due to the large volume of hydration. In this work, hydrophobic ion pairing was employed for the first time to enhance peptide entrapment within liposomes. The method resulted in a hydrophobic complex that achieved high teriparatide entrapment (>75%) in sub-200 nm, monodispersed liposomes. Hydrophobic ion pairing outperformed other entrapment approaches. Several liposomal formulations with transition temperatures between 38 – 50 °C were obtained by modulation of the phospholipid composition. In vitro release assays demonstrated temperature-dependent release kinetics with faster rates of release observed at/above the transition temperature. The maintenance of biological activity of released teriparatide was demonstrated in a cell-based assay utilising the PTH1R receptor. Overall, this provides the first proof-of-concept of the suitability of thermo-responsive systems for pulsatile delivery of teriparatide and similar peptides.
Development of receptor desolvation scoring and covalent sampling in DOCK 6: methods evaluated on a RAS test set
Authors: Tan Y. Stanley , Chakrabarti Mayukh , Stein Reed M , Prentis Lauren E , Rizzo Robert C , Kurtzman Tom , Fischer Marcus , Balius Trent E
Published: September 2024

Molecular docking methods are widely used in drug discovery efforts. RAS proteins are important cancer drug targets, and are useful systems for evaluating docking methods, including accounting for solvation effects and covalent small molecule binding. Water often plays a key role in small molecule binding to RAS proteins, and many inhibitors, including approved drugs, covalently bind to oncogenic RAS proteins. We assembled a RAS test set, consisting of 138 RAS protein structures and 2 structures of KRAS DNA in complex with ligands. In DOCK 6, we have implemented a receptor desolvation scoring function and a covalent docking algorithm. These new features were evaluated using the test set, with pose reproduction, cross-docking, and enrichment calculations. We tested two solvation methods for generating receptor desolvation scoring grids: GIST, and 3D-RISM. Using grids from GIST or 3D-RISM, water displacements are precomputed with Gaussian-weighting, and trilinear interpolation is used to speed up this scoring calculation. To test receptor desolvation scoring, we prepared GIST and 3D-RISM grids for all KRAS systems in the test set, and we compare enrichment performance with and without receptor desolvation. Accounting for receptor desolvation using GIST improves enrichment for 51% of systems, while using 3D-RISM improves enrichment for 44% of systems. To more rigorously test accounting for receptor desolvation using 3D-RISM, we compare pose reproduction with and without 3D-RISM receptor desolvation. Pose reproduction docking with 3D-RISM yields a 5.5% increase in success rate compared to docking without 3D-RISM. Accounting for receptor desolvation provides a small, but significant, improvement in both enrichment and pose reproduction for this set. We tested the covalent attach-and-grow algorithm on 70 KRAS systems containing covalent ligands, obtaining similar pose reproduction success rates between covalent and noncovalent docking. Comparing covalent docking to noncovalent docking, there is a 7.2% increase and a 2.9% decline in success rate when docking with experimental and SMILES-generated ligand conformations, respectively. As a proof-of-concept, we performed covalent virtual screens with and without receptor desolvation scoring, targeting the switch II pocket of KRAS, using 3.4 million make-on-demand acrylamide compounds from the Enamine REAL database. On average, the attach-and-grow algorithm spends approximately 17.61 seconds per molecule across the screen. The test set is available at https://github.com/tbalius/teb_docking_test_sets.
Facile Generation of ortho-Quinodimethanes Toward Polycy-clic Compounds
Authors: Inagaki Kazuya , Onozawa Yuna , Fukuhara Yuki , Yokogawa Daisuke , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: September 2024

The Diels–Alder reaction is a cornerstone of organic synthesis, enabling the construction of complex molecular archi-tectures through the cycloaddition of a diene and a dienophile. Among the various dienes employed in this reaction, ortho-quinodimethane stands out as an exceptionally powerful intermediate due to its high reactivity, making it par-ticularly effective for constructing benzo-fused polycyclic skeletons found in biologically important molecules such as natural products and pharmaceuticals. [1–3] Although this method has been widely applied in total synthesis,[4–7] the requirement for the laborious preparation of its precursors remains a significant challenge. This study presents a so-lution through a conceptually distinct palladium-catalyzed generation of ortho-quinodimethane via a multicompo-nent assembly reaction of readily available chemicals, specifically 2-vinylbromoarenes, diazo species, and carbon nucleophiles bearing a dienophile moiety. This approach leads to the synthesis of a diverse range of polycyclic com-pounds. The key to the present methodology is the unlocking of unprecedented reactivity in a benzyl–palladium in-termediate,[8,9] which facilitates distal C–C bond formation on the vinyl group. The synthetic applications of this ortho-quinodimethane generation method are demonstrated through the synthesis of a range of polycyclic compounds, in-cluding a natural product, highlighting the convergent and diversity-generating nature of this reaction.
Characterization by LC-MS/MS of two conjugate vaccines using KLH as carrier protein
Authors: Pousa Satomy , Ramos-Bermúdez Pablo E. , Besada Vladimir , Cabrales-Rico Ania , Garay Hilda Elisa , Rodríguez-Mallón Alina , Zettl Katharina , Wiśniewski Jacek R , González Luis Javier
Published: September 2024

Keyhole limpet haemocyanins (KLH1 and KLH2) from Megathura crenulata, are large ( 3900 amino acids) multi-subunit oxygen-carrying metalloproteins, that are widely used as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines and in immunotherapy. KLHs and their derived conjugate vaccines are poorly characterized by mass spectrometry due to the very stable supramolecular structures with megadalton molecular mass, and the resistance to be efficiently digested with standard protocols using specific proteases. KLH1 and KLH2 proteins were conjugated to the conserved twenty-one amino acids pP0 peptide, derived from the P0 acidic ribosomal protein of Rhipicephalus sp. ticks by using the maleimide-thiol chemistry. The resultant KLH1- and KLH2-Cys1pP0 conjugate vaccines were efficiently digested using the MED-FASP procedure, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS allowing approximately 85% sequence coverage of both conjugates. New PTMs not described for the KLH such as oxidized species were identified. The conjugation sites and Cys-His thioether bonds were determined by identifying cross-linked peptides using software developed for cross-linking mass spectrometry experiments. Conjugation sites were validated by combining sequence coverage, the presence of diagnostic and linker fragment ions in the MS/MS spectra, and the multi-peak pattern in the extracted ion chromatograms. In summary, 124 out of 170 Lys (75%) and 99 out 150 Lys (66%) were found conjugated to Cys1pP0 in KLH1 and KLH2, respectively. In total, four and seven Cys-His thioether bonds were experimentally determined in KLH1 and KLH2, respectively. This is the first report of the conjugation sites identification of two KLH-based vaccines determined by mass spectrometry
Unsupervised machine learning-based image recognition of raw IR spectra: Toward chemist-like chemical structural classification
Authors: Fuku Kentarou , Yoshida Takefumi
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have significantly improved spectral data analysis. In this study, we used unsupervised machine learning to classify chemical compounds based on infrared (IR) spectral images, without relying on prior chemical knowledge. The potential of machine learning for chemical classification was demonstrated by extracting IR spectral images from the Spectral Database for Organic Compounds and converting them into 194300-dimensional vector data. Hierarchical clustering of 227 compounds revealed distinct main clusters (A–G), each with specific subclusters exhibiting higher intracluster similarities. Despite the challenges, including sensitivity to spectral deviations and difficulty of distinguishing delicate chemical structures in spectra with low transparency in the fingerprint area, the proposed image recognition approach exhibits good potential. The Tanimoto coefficient was used to evaluate the molecular similarity, providing valuable insights. However, some results deviated from chemists’ intuitions. The study also highlighted that the scaling composition formulas and molecular weights did not affect the classification results because high-dimensional features dominated the process. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using machine learning with IR spectral image data for chemical classification and offers a novel perspective that complements traditional methods, although the classifications may not always align with chemists’ intuitions.
A bench-stable fluorophosphine nickel(0) complex and its catalytic application
Authors: Flecken Franziska , Neyyathala Arjun , Grell Toni , Hanf Schirin
Published: September 2024

We herein present a bench-stable fluorophosphine-based nickel(0) complex [Ni(PFPh2)4] (1), which is highly stable in air and water. This complex does not only incorporate a nickel centre in the zero-oxidation state, but also includes fluorophosphine ligands. Since these ligands typically tend to disproportionation in solution, they represent a vastly underexplored ligand class. [Ni(PFPh2)4] can be obtained from a one-pot reaction of [Ni(MeCN)4](BF4)2 with Ph2P(=O)–PPh2, involving a unique in-situ reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) and the simultaneous fluorination by the BF4– anion. The application of [Ni(PFPh2)4] as highly stable Ni(0) pre-catalyst in combination with additional phosphine ligands, such as dppf (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions uncovers its high catalytic activity, which is greatly superior to the conventional Ni(0) source [Ni(COD)2]. A remarkable catalytic activity is achieved through the combination of 1 and dppf after a light-induced activation of the complex.
Teísmos e Poder
Authors: LEÃO EMMANUEL CARNEIRO
Published: September 2024

O estudo se propõe pensar as relações dos diversos teísmosatuantes no Ocidente, enquanto forças e realizaçõessimbólicas. Este exercício do poder acontece através datensão entre instituição e mistério de ser de tal modo a explicitarum conjunto de significados de todo o real. Cadaum dos monoteísmos históricos se afirma como unidadena exigência de acolher as diferenças na unicidade. A seguira investigação se concentra na apresentação paradigmáticado desafio originário do movimento cristão nosseus desafios de ser e de não ser.
Convergências e divergências entre os primeiros fenomenólogos da religião
Authors: KIRCHNER RENATO
Published: September 2024

A meta deste texto consiste em abordar dois temas correlatos, a saber: de um lado, fazer um levantamento dos principais autores e obras que influíram diretamente no surgimento e na consolidação da fenomenologia da religião enquanto disciplina específica no âmbito dos estudos das religiões, procurando evidenciar até que ponto é possível dizer que há ideias convergentes e/ou divergentes entre os principais autores e obras; de outro lado, traçar um paralelo entre duas concepções de fenomenologia da religião, tendo como ponto de partida uma análise parcial das obras Phänomenologie der Religion (Fenomenologia da religião), de Gerardus van der Leeuw e Phänomenologie des religiösen Lebens (Fenomenologia da vida religiosa), de Martin Heidegger.