bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the knowledge of diabetes mellitus and the mental, psychological and emotional status of T2DM patients based on a structural equation model
Authors: Li Haiyang , Wang Liping , Huang Jin , Li Bei , Qiu Tieying
Published: December 2022

To explore diabetes-related knowledge levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the influencing factors, correlations and paths of patients’ mental and emotional status based on a structural equation model. A total of 1512 patients with T2DM in 18 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province. A descriptive correlational study. The study was conducted and surveyed with the general information questionnaires, including the Audit of Diabetes Knowledge (AD knowl), the Problem Areas in Diabetes 5 scale (PAID-5) and the World Health Organization Five-Item Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The structural equation model showed that PAID-5 and WHO-5 scores (P < 0.05) were affected by diabetes self-management, medical history/treatment and knowledge. According to the model, the common risk factors affecting the mental and emotional status of diabetic patients were general demographic characteristics (less exercise time and greater economic burden), medical history/treatment of diabetes (longer course of disease, more hospitalizations due to diabetes, and more acute or chronic complications), and lower levels of diabetes-related knowledge. In addition, solitude was also a risk factor for low levels of happiness. The diabetes-related knowledge levels of T2DM patients are very low, and these patients generally experience emotional disorders, which deserves close attention. The structural equation model can be used to explore the influencing factors and correlations of the psychological and emotional status of diabetic patients.
The efficacy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography on the management of gastroesophageal varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Fujiwara Kisako , Nakagawa Miyuki , Unozawa Hidemi , Iwanaga Terunao , Sakuma Takafumi , Fujita Naoto , Koroki Keisuke , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Saito Tomoko , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Suzuki Eiichiro , Ooka Yoshihiko , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya
Published: December 2022

The screening of gastroesophageal varices (GEV) is critical in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is often performed in patients with HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the use of CECT in screening for GEV and predicting GEV bleeding. This retrospective study enrolled 312 consecutive patients who are initially diagnosed with HCC, measured the lower esophageal (EIV) and fundal intramural vessel (FIV) diameter on CECT, examined the changes after 1, 2, and 3 years, and verified the relationship with GEV bleeding. The EIV and FIV diameter on CECT correlates well with endoscopic variceal classification. EIV significantly worsened after 2 and 3 years. FIV showed worsening at both 1, 2, and 3 years. Cumulative GEV bleeding rates were 3.7% at 1 year and 6.2% at 3 years. The multivariate analysis revealed that EIV, FIV, and portal vein tumor thrombus were associated with GEV bleeding. Furthermore, EIV deterioration at 1, 2, and 3 years correlated with GEV bleeding. In conclusion, CECT is useful in variceal management during the longitudinal clinical course of HCC, and has the potential to decrease screening endoscopy. With deterioration in EIV, treatments should be considered due to a high-risk GEV bleeding.
Mesenchymal-endothelial nexus in breast cancer spheroids induces vasculogenesis and local invasion in a CAM model
Authors: Li Aijun , Muenst Simone , Hoffman Julius , Starck Laurent , Sarem Melika , Fischer Andreas , Hutter Gregor , Shastri V. Prasad
Published: November 2022

Interplay between non-cancerous cells (immune, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and endothelial cells (EC)) has been identified as vital in driving tumor progression. As studying such interactions in vivo is challenging, ex vivo systems that can recapitulate in vivo scenarios can aid in unraveling the factors impacting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Using the synthetic tumor microenvironment mimics (STEMs)—a spheroid system composed of breast cancer cells (BCC) with defined human MSC and EC fractions, here we show that EC organization into vascular structures is BC phenotype dependent, and independent of ERα expression in epithelial cancer cells, and involves MSC-mediated Notch1 signaling. In a 3D-bioprinted model system to mimic local invasion, MDA STEMs collectively respond to serum gradient and form invading cell clusters. STEMs grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane undergo local invasion to form CAM tumors that can anastomose with host vasculature and bear the typical hallmarks of human BC and this process requires both EC and MSC. This study provides a framework for developing well-defined in vitro systems, including patient-derived xenografts that recapitulate in vivo events, to investigate heterotypic cell interactions in tumors, to identify factors promoting tumor metastasis-related events, and possibly drug screening in the context of personalized medicine.
A cross-cohort replicable and heritable latent dimension linking behaviour to multi-featured brain structure
Authors: Nicolaisen-Sobesky Eliana , Mihalik Agoston , Kharabian-Masouleh Shahrzad , Ferreira Fabio S. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Schwender Holger , Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Valk Sofie L. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Mourao-Miranda Janaina , Genon Sarah
Published: November 2022

Identifying associations between interindividual variability in brain structure and behaviour requires large cohorts, multivariate methods, out-of-sample validation and, ideally, out-of-cohort replication. Moreover, the influence of nature vs nurture on brain-behaviour associations should be analysed. We analysed associations between brain structure (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area) and behaviour (spanning cognition, emotion, and alertness) using regularized canonical correlation analysis and a machine learning framework that tests the generalisability and stability of such associations. The replicability of brain-behaviour associations was assessed in two large, independent cohorts. The load of genetic factors on these associations was analysed with heritability and genetic correlation. We found one heritable and replicable latent dimension linking cognitive-control/executive-functions and positive affect to brain structural variability in areas typically associated with higher cognitive functions, and with areas typically associated with sensorimotor functions. These results revealed a major axis of interindividual behavioural variability linking to a whole-brain structural pattern.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis reveals a highly correlated triphasic transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gutiérrez Pablo A. , Elena Santiago F.
Published: November 2022

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is currently one of the most powerful techniques available to study the transcriptional response of thousands of cells to an external perturbation. Here, we perform a pseudotime analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection using publicly available scRNA-seq data from human bronchial epithelial cells and colon and ileum organoids. Our results reveal that, for most genes, the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection follows a non-linear pattern characterized by an initial and a final down-regulatory phase separated by an intermediate up-regulatory stage. A correlation analysis of transcriptional profiles suggests a common mechanism regulating the mRNA levels of most genes. Interestingly, genes encoded in the mitochondria or involved in translation exhibited distinct pseudotime profiles. To explain our results, we propose a simple model where nuclear export inhibition of nsp1-sensitive transcripts will be sufficient to explain the transcriptional shutdown of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
Versatile and efficient genome editing with Neisseria cinerea Cas9
Authors: Liu Zhiquan , Chen Siyu , Xie Wanhua , Yu Hao , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun
Published: November 2022

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a versatile genome editing platform in biotechnology and therapeutics. However, the requirement of protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) limits the genome targeting scope. To expand this repertoire, we revisited and engineered a compact Cas9 orthologue derived from Neisseria cinerea (NcCas9) for efficient genome editing in mammal cells. We demonstrated that NcCas9 generates genome editing at target sites with N4GYAT (Y = T/C) PAM which cannot be recognized by existing Cas9s. By optimizing the NcCas9 architecture and its spacer length, editing efficacy of NcCas9 was further improved in human cells. In addition, the NcCas9-derived Base editors can efficiently generate base conversions. Six anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins were identified as off-switches for NcCas9. Moreover, NcCas9 successfully generated efficient editing of mouse embryos by microinjection of NcCas9 mRNA and the corresponding sgRNA. Thus, the NcCas9 holds the potential to broaden the CRISPR/Cas9 toolsets for efficient gene modifications and therapeutic applications.
Fission yeast Dis1 is an unconventional TOG/XMAP215 that induces microtubule catastrophe to drive chromosome pulling
Authors: Murase Yuichi , Yamagishi Masahiko , Okada Naoyuki , Toya Mika , Yajima Junichiro , Hamada Takahiro , Sato Masamitsu
Published: November 2022

The shortening of microtubules attached to kinetochores is the driving force of chromosome movement during cell division. Specific kinesins are believed to shorten microtubules but are dispensable for viability in yeast, implying the existence of additional factors responsible for microtubule shortening. Here, we demonstrate that Dis1, a TOG/XMAP215 ortholog in fission yeast, promotes microtubule shortening to carry chromosomes. Although TOG/XMAP215 orthologs are generally accepted as microtubule polymerases, Dis1 promoted microtubule catastrophe in vitro and in vivo. Notably, microtubule catastrophe was promoted when the tip was attached to kinetochores, as they steadily anchored Dis1 at the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Engineered Dis1 oligomers artificially tethered at a chromosome arm region induced the shortening of microtubules in contact, frequently pulling the chromosome arm towards spindle poles. This effect was not brought by oligomerised Alp14. Thus, unlike Alp14 and other TOG/XMAP215 orthologs, Dis1 plays an unconventional role in promoting microtubule catastrophe, thereby driving chromosome movement.
Lateral septum DREADD activation alters male prairie vole prosocial and antisocial behaviors, not partner preferences
Authors: Sailer Lindsay L. , Park Ashley H. , Galvez Abigail , Ophir Alexander G.
Published: November 2022

Although much has been written on the topic of social behavior, many terms referring to different aspects of social behavior have become inappropriately conflated and the specific mechanisms governing them remains unclear. It is therefore critical that we disentangle the prosocial and antisocial elements associated with different forms of social behavior to fully understand the social brain. The lateral septum (LS) mediates social behaviors, emotional processes, and stress responses necessary for individuals to navigate day-to-day social interactions. The LS is particularly important in general and selective prosocial behavior (monogamy) but its role in how these two behavioral domains intersect is unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of chemogenetic-mediated LS activation on social responses in male prairie voles when they are 1) sex-naïve and generally affiliative and 2) after they become pair-bonded and display selective aggression. Amplifying neural activity in the LS augments same-sex social approach behaviors. Despite partner preference formation remaining unaltered, LS activation in pair-bonded males leads to reduced selective aggression while increasing social affiliative behaviors. These results suggest that LS activation alters behavior within certain social contexts, by increasing sex-naïve affiliative behaviors and reducing pair bonding-induced selective aggression with same-sex conspecifics, but not altering bonding with opposite-sex individuals.
Semi-field and surveillance data define the natural diapause timeline for Culex pipiens across the United States
Authors: Field Eleanor N. , Shepard John J. , Clifton Mark E. , Price Keith J. , Witmier Bryn J. , Johnson Kirk , Boze Broox , Abadam Charles , Ebel Gregory D. , Armstrong Philip M. , Barker Christopher M. , Smith Ryan C.
Published: November 2022

Reproductive diapause serves as biological mechanism for many insects, including the mosquito Culex pipiens, to overwinter in temperate climates. While Cx. pipiens diapause has been well-studied in the laboratory, the timing and environmental signals that promote diapause under natural conditions are less understood. In this study, we examine laboratory, semi-field, and mosquito surveillance data to define the approximate timeline and seasonal conditions that contribute to Cx. pipiens diapause across the United States. While confirming integral roles of temperature and photoperiod in diapause induction, we also demonstrate the influence of latitude, elevation, and mosquito population genetics in shaping Cx. pipiens diapause incidence across the country. Coinciding with the cessation of WNV activity, these data can have important implications for mosquito control, where targeted efforts prior to diapause induction can decrease mosquito populations and WNV overwintering to reduce mosquito-borne disease incidence the following season.
Reconfigurable dynamics of optical soliton molecular complexes in an ultrafast thulium fiber laser
Authors: Zhou Yi , Shi Jiawei , Ren Yu-Xuan , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: November 2022

Dissipative optical solitons of particle-like structures can form soliton molecules with striking molecule-like interactions. However, the experimental investigation of soliton molecules in ultrafast lasers is still largely confined to bound states of only two solitons and is far from being explored for soliton molecular complexes. Here, the reconfigurable switching of soliton molecular complexes originating from the binding of two soliton-pair molecules was demonstrated around 2 μm, simultaneously opening an emerging window in the longer wavelength. The periodic switching of soliton molecules with dual-stability can be resolved. Moreover, the single and multiple successively switching of soliton molecules can be triggered by the collision of drifting soliton or control over saturable absorption parameters. Further, the consecutive reversible switching with high fidelity is verified in soliton molecules with periodic pump modulation. These results unveil the dynamical soliton interaction and motivate potential applications in ultrafast spectroscopy, information encoding, and computations.
Electronic pair alignment and roton feature in the warm dense electron gas
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Moldabekov Zhandos , Vorberger Jan , Kählert Hanno , Bonitz Michael
Published: November 2022

The study of matter under extreme densities and temperatures as they occur, for example, in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications has emerged as one of the most active frontiers in physics, material science, and related disciplines. In this context, a key quantity is given by the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω), which is probed in scattering experiments—the most widely used method of diagnostics at these extreme conditions. In addition to its importance for the study of warm dense matter, the modelling of such dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems constitutes an important theoretical challenge. Here, we report a roton feature in the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω) of the warm dense electron gas, and introduce a microscopic explanation in terms of an electronic pair alignment model. Our results will have direct impact on the interpretation of scattering experiments and may provide insights into the dynamics of a number of correlated quantum many-body systems such as ultracold helium, dipolar supersolids, and bilayer heterostructures.
Second harmonic Hall responses of insulators as a probe of Berry curvature dipole
Authors: Okyay Mahmut Sait , Sato Shunsuke A. , Kim Kun Woo , Yan Binghai , Jin Hosub , Park Noejung
Published: November 2022

Diverse nonlinear optical responses of metallic band states have been characterized in terms of the Berry curvature dipole (BCD) or other multipole structures of Berry curvature. Here, we find that the second harmonic optical responses of insulators to sub-bandgap light are also delicately associated with the interband BCD. We performed real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations and theoretically analyzed the second harmonic generation susceptibility tensors. The two-band term of the second-order susceptibility is precisely proportional to the interband BCD, which is particularly significant for low-symmetric systems with a small bandgap. We show that higher-order responses to nonperturbative strong fields can be associated with higher poles of Berry curvature. We suggest that the consequences of symmetry lowering can be detected by nonlinear optical responses through adjustments of the dipole or other multipole structures of the Berry curvature texture.
Graph neural networks for materials science and chemistry
Authors: Reiser Patrick , Neubert Marlen , Eberhard André , Torresi Luca , Zhou Chen , Shao Chen , Metni Houssam , van Hoesel Clint , Schopmans Henrik , Sommer Timo , Friederich Pascal
Published: November 2022

Machine learning plays an increasingly important role in many areas of chemistry and materials science, being used to predict materials properties, accelerate simulations, design new structures, and predict synthesis routes of new materials. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are one of the fastest growing classes of machine learning models. They are of particular relevance for chemistry and materials science, as they directly work on a graph or structural representation of molecules and materials and therefore have full access to all relevant information required to characterize materials. In this Review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of GNNs, widely used datasets, and state-of-the-art architectures, followed by a discussion of a wide range of recent applications of GNNs in chemistry and materials science, and concluding with a road-map for the further development and application of GNNs.
Buffering of mantle conditions through water cycling and thermal feedbacks maintains magmatism over geologic time
Authors: Seales Johnny , Lenardic Adrian , Richards Mark
Published: November 2022

The Earth has remained magmatically and volcanically active over its full geologic history despite continued planetary cooling and a lack of thermal equilibrium in the mantle. Here we investigate this conundrum using data-constrained numerical models of deep-water cycling and thermal history. We find that the homologous temperature - the ratio of upper mantle to melting temperatures - initially declined but has been buffered at a nearly constant value since 2.5-2.0 billion years ago. Melt buffering is a result of the dependence of melting temperature and mantle viscosity on both mantle temperature and water content. We show that thermal and water cycling feedbacks lead to a self-regulated mantle evolution, characterised by a near-constant mantle viscosity. This occurs even though the mantle remains far from thermal equilibrium. The added feedback from water-dependent melting allows magmatism to be co-buffered over geological time. Thus, we propose that coupled thermal and water cycling feedbacks have maintained melting on Earth and associated volcanic/magmatic activity.
Climate benefit of a future hydrogen economy
Authors: Hauglustaine Didier , Paulot Fabien , Collins William , Derwent Richard , Sand Maria , Boucher Olivier
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen is recognised as an important future energy vector for applications in many sectors. Hydrogen is an indirect climate gas which induces perturbations of methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapour, three potent greenhouse gases. Using data from a state-of-the-art global numerical model, here we calculate the hydrogen climate metrics as a function of the considered time-horizon and derive a 100-year Global Warming Potential of 12.8 ± 5.2 and a 20-year Global Warming Potential of 40.1 ± 24.1. The considered scenarios for a future hydrogen transition show that a green hydrogen economy is beneficial in terms of mitigated carbon dioxide emissions for all policy-relevant time-horizons and leakage rates. In contrast, the carbon dioxide and methane emissions associated with blue hydrogen reduce the benefit of a hydrogen economy and lead to a climate penalty at high leakage rate or blue hydrogen share. The leakage rate and the hydrogen production pathways are key leverages to reach a clear climate benefit from a large-scale transition to a hydrogen economy.
An automatic sediment-facies classification approach using machine learning and feature engineering
Authors: Lee An-Sheng , Enters Dirk , Huang Jyh-Jaan Steven , Liou Sofia Ya Hsuan , Zolitschka Bernd
Published: November 2022

The delineation of sediment facies provides essential background information for a broad range of investigations in geosciences but is often constrained in quality or quantity. Here we leverage improvements in machine learning and X-ray fluorescence core scanning to develop an improved approach to automatic sediment-facies classification. This approach was developed and tested on a regional-scale high-resolution elemental dataset from sediment cores covering various sediment facies typical for the southern North Sea tidal flat, Germany. We use a machine-learning-built classification model involving simple but powerful feature engineering to simulate the observational behavior of sedimentologists and find that approach has 78% accuracy, followed by error analysis. The model classifies the majority of sediment facies and also, importantly, highlights critical sections for further investigation. Research resources can thus be allocated more efficiently. We suggest that our approach could provide a generalizable blueprint that can be applied and adapted for the research question and data type at hand.
Intratracheal trimerized nanobody cocktail administration suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice
Authors: Nagata Kayoko , Utsumi Daichi , Asaka Masamitsu N. , Maeda Ryota , Shirakawa Kotaro , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Yanagida Yohei , Kawai Yugo , Sato Kei , Yamaoka Yutaro , Miyakawa Kei , Ryo Akihide , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Imura Akihiro , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi
Published: November 2022

Background

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are highly resistant to vaccine-induced immunity and human monoclonal antibodies.

Methods

We previously reported that two nanobodies, P17 and P86, potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. In this study, we modified these nanobodies into trimers, called TP17 and TP86 and tested their neutralization activities against Omicron BA.1 and subvariant BA.2 using pseudovirus assays. Next, we used TP17 and TP86 nanobody cocktail to treat ACE2 transgenic mice infected with lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 strains, original, Delta and Omicron BA.1.

Results

Here, we demonstrate that a novel nanobody TP86 potently neutralizes both BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron variants, and that the TP17 and TP86 nanobody cocktail broadly neutralizes in vitro all VOCs as well as original strain. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of this nanobody cocktail suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of human ACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 strains, original, Delta and Omicron BA.1.

Conclusions

Intratracheal trimerized nanobody cocktail administration suppresses weight loss and prolongs survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice.
Adaptive super‐twisting control of underwater intervention system considering dynamic couplings and uncertainties
Authors: Xiong Xinyang , Xiang Xianbo , Zhang Qin , Yang Shaolong
Published: November 2022

Underwater vehicle‐manipulator system (UVMS) is an emerging advanced equipment in underwater intervention scenarios. Several challenges limiting the performance of UVMS's manipulator are treated as burning issues, such as dynamic coupling effects, system uncertainties, disturbances etc. In this article, a novel lightly computational adaptive neural network based backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control framework is proposed for underwater manipulator trajectory control in UVMS intervention scenario. First, a backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control (BSSTSMC) scheme is derived, in which the chattering phenomenon of traditional sliding mode control is reduced effectively. Compared with other chattering‐free methods, the higher order control theory maintains the system robustness as well as control accuracy better. Second, a modified neural network (NN) is introduced to predict the unknown system dynamics with the consideration of coupling effects in real‐time. Then, a dimension compression strategy (DCS) for the NN's input layer is proposed to reduce the computational burden and improve the predict performance. Next, based on the Lyapunov method, the system stability is proved, in which the related error variables are guaranteed to be uniformly bounded. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed DCS‐NN‐BSSTSMC framework through the comparison with other controllers.
PID controller‐based adaptive gradient optimizer for deep neural networks
Authors: Dai Mingjun , Zhang Zelong , Lai Xiong , Lin Xiaohui , Wang Hui
Published: November 2022

Due to improper selection of gradient update direction or learning rate, SGD optimization algorithms for deep learning suffer from oscillation and slow convergence. Although Adam algorithm can adaptively adjust the update direction and learning rate at the same time, it still has the overshoot phenomenon, and hence suffers from wasting computing resources and slow convergence. In this work, the PID controller from the feedback control area is borrowed to re‐express the adaptive optimization algorithm (the Adam optimization algorithm is derived into the integral I component form) of deep learning. In order to alleviate the overshoot phenomenon and hence speed up the convergence of Adam, a complete adaptive PID optimizer (adaptive‐PID) is proposed by incorporating the proportional P and derivative D component. Extensive experiments on standard data sets verify that the proposed adaptive‐PID algorithm significantly outperforms Adam algorithm in terms of convergence rate and accuracy.
A new protection algorithm for tackling the impact of fault‐resistance and cloud energy storage on coordination of recloser‐fuse protection
Authors: Yazdaninejadi Amin , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: November 2022

Presenting cloud energy storage system (CESS) in the landscape of storage devices exposes microgrids (MGs) to a substantial change. Employing a specific type of inverter namely synchronverter as the connecting interface for CESS gains high inertial response in MGs with high penetration level of inverter‐based distributed generations (IBDGs). However, high fault contribution of synchronverters can lead to challenging issues. Nevertheless, presence of fault resistance which results in malfunctioning of the recloser‐fuse pair intensifies the cruciality of the dilemma. In this paper, at the outset, the effects of contribution of synchronverter‐based CESS and also fault resistance on recloser‐fuse protection are explored and then, a new algorithm is proposed for tackling these bottlenecks. To overcome these hurdles, the conventional recloser‐fuse scheme is applied at first. Then, by using the obtained schemes for fast and slow operations of the recloser, a specific part of them is set in a manner that the fuse‐saving task is performed properly even when the synchronverter‐based CESS is deployed. On the other hand, the other part of the recloser scheme is altered in a way that the maloperation of the recloser‐fuse pair owing to the fault resistance is alleviated. Adequate numerical analyses are conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme.
Research on 3D reconstruction technology of large‐scale substation equipment based on NeRF
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Yang Rui , Liu Yunpeng , Xu Wenxuan , Zhang Gonghao
Published: November 2022

The high‐quality 3D model is the key to digital twin and visualization. Here, the neural radiation field (NeRF) is applied to greatly improve the speed and accuracy of 3D reconstruction of large‐scale substation equipment. The incremental SFM algorithm is used to accurately position the camera in open scenes, and the frame extraction experiment indicates that the single angle increment should not be greater than 8°. The reconstruction test is carried out on the power transformer and high‐voltage experimental equipment following the circular shooting track for instant‐NGP (a variant of NeRF). Compared with the traditional 3D reconstruction method, the speed of reconstruction is accelerated by 23–55 times, and the fidelity is improved by 2–3 times. Also, the deployment scheme of NeRF in the digital twin technology of large‐scale substation equipment is proposed. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of NeRF in practical application.
Novel denoizing method for partial discharge signals using singular value decomposition and spectral subtraction
Authors: Xu Yifan , Jing Yan , Wang Yanxin , He Ruixin , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan
Published: November 2022

Partial discharge (PD) detection is essential in assessing the insulation state of electrical equipment. However, PD signals are often overwhelmed by interference, resulting in inaccurate detection results. Aiming at this problem, this study proposes a PD detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and improved spectral subtraction. First, the test signal is constructed as a Hankel matrix, which is used as a trajectory matrix for the SVD. Next, the singular value mutation point in the feature matrix is set as the threshold for removing the narrowband interference (NBI), and a signal containing only white noise is obtained. Finally, the improved spectral subtraction is used to remove white noise and improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The method proposed herein, along with the variational mode decomposition, the empirical mode decomposition, and the improved threshold wavelet method, are applied to the processing of PD signals. Also, the SNR value, waveform similarity coefficient, and mean square error of the denoizing signal of the four algorithms were calculated, considering the noise suppression and feature preservation abilities. The simulation and measurement results show that the SVD‐spectral subtraction method has a strong suppression effect on narrow‐band interference and white noise. Compared with other algorithms, this method can significantly improve the execution efficiency and has great application prospects.
Statistical analysis of Al III and C III] emission lines as virial black hole mass estimators in quasars
Authors: Buendia-Rios T. M. , Negrete C. A. , Marziani P. , Dultzin D.
Published: November 2022

Aims. We test the usefulness of the intermediate ionisation lines Al IIIλ1860 and C III]λ1909 as reliable virial mass estimators for quasars.

Methods. We identified a sample of 309 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16) in the redshift range 1.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 that have [O II]λ3728 recorded on the same spectrum as Al IIIλ1860, Si III]λ1892, and C III]λ1909. We set the systemic quasar redshift using careful measurements of [O II]λ3728. We then classified the sources as Population A (Pop. A), extreme Population A (Pop. xA), and Population B (Pop. B), and analysed the 1900 Å blend using multi-component models to look for systematic line shifts of Al IIIλ1860 and C III]λ1909 along the quasar main sequence.

Results. We do not find significant shifts of the Al IIIλ1860 line peak in Pop. B or in the vast majority of Pop. A. For Pop. xA, a small median blueshift of −250 km s−1 was observed, motivating a decomposition of the Al III line profile into a virialised component centred at rest frame and a blueshifted component for an outflow emission. For Pop. B objects, we proved the empirical necessity to fit a redshifted very broad component, clearly seen in C III], and analysed the physical implications on a Pop. B composite spectrum using CLOUDY simulations. We find consistent black hole mass estimations using Al III and C III] as virial estimators for the bulk of Pop. A.

Conclusions. Al III (and even C III]) is a reliable virial black hole mass estimator for Pop. A and Pop. B objects. The Pop. xA sources deserve special attention due to the significant blueshifted excess observed in the line profile of Al III, although it is not as large as the excess observed in C IVλ1549.
Forecasts for cosmological measurements based on the angular power spectra of AGN and clusters of galaxies in the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey
Authors: Bykov S. , Gilfanov M. , Sunyaev R.
Published: November 2022

Context. The eROSITA X-ray telescope aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) orbital observatory, in the course of its all-sky survey, is expected to detect about three million active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and approximately one hundred thousand clusters and groups of galaxies. Such a sample, clean and uniform, complemented with redshift information, will open a new window into the studies of the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe and the determination of its cosmological parameters.

Aims. The purpose of this work is to assess the prospects of cosmological measurements with the eROSITA sample of AGNs and clusters of galaxies. We assumed the availability of photometric redshift measurements for eROSITA sources and explored the impact of their quality on our forecasts.

Methods. As the LSS probe, we use the redshift-resolved angular power spectrum of the density fluctuations of objects. We employed a Fisher-matrix formalism and assumed flat ΛCDM cosmology to forecast the constraining power of eROSITA samples of AGNs and clusters of galaxies. We computed the LSS-relevant characteristics of AGNs and clusters in the framework of the halo model and their X-ray luminosity functions. As the baseline scenario, we considered the full four-year all-sky survey and investigated the impact of reducing the survey length to two years.

Results. We find that the accuracy of photometric redshift estimates has a more profound effect on cosmological measurements than the fraction of catastrophic errors. Under realistic assumptions about the photometric redshift quality, the marginalised errors on the cosmological parameters achieve 1 − 10% accuracy depending on the cosmological priors used from other experiments. The statistical significance of Baryon acoustic oscillation detection in angular power spectra of AGNs and clusters of galaxies considered individually achieves 5 − 6σ. Our results demonstrate that the eROSITA sample of AGNs and clusters of galaxies used in combination with currently available photometric redshift estimates will provide cosmological constraints on a par with dedicated optical LSS surveys.
The link between infall location, early disc size, and the fraction of self-gravitationally fragmenting discs
Authors: Schib O. , Mordasini C. , Helled R.
Published: November 2022

Context. Many protoplanetary discs are self-gravitating early in their lives. If they fragment under their own gravity, they form bound gaseous clumps that can evolve to become giant planets. Today, the fraction of discs that undergo fragmentation, and therefore also the frequency of conditions that may lead to giant planet formation via gravitational instability, is still unknown.

Aims. We study the formation and evolution of a large number of star-disc systems, focusing on the early sizes of the discs and their likelihood to fragment. We investigate how the fraction of discs that fragments depends on the disc-size distribution at early times.

Methods. We performed a population synthesis of discs from formation to dispersal. Whilst varying the infall radius, we study the relationship between early disc size and fragmentation. Furthermore, we investigate how stellar accretion heating affects the fragmentation fraction.

Results. We find that discs fragment only if they become sufficiently large early in their lives. This size depends sensitively on where mass is added to the discs during the collapse of their parent molecular cloud core. Infall locations derived from pure hydrodynamic and non-ideal magnetised collapse simulations lead to large and small discs, respectively, and 22 and 0% fragmentation fractions, respectively, in populations representative of the initial mass function; however, the resulting synthetic disc size distribution is larger and smaller, respectively, than the observed Class 0 disc size distribution. By choosing intermediate infall locations, leading to a synthetic disc size distribution that is in agreement with the observed one, we find a fragmentation fraction of between 0.1 and 11%, depending on the efficiency of stellar accretion heating of the discs.

Conclusions. We conclude that the frequency of fragmentation is strongly affected by the early formation process of the disc and its interaction with the star. The early disc size is mainly determined by the infall location during the collapse of the molecular cloud core and controls the population-wide frequency of fragmentation. Stellar accretion heating also plays an important role in fragmentation and must be studied further. Our work is an observationally informed step towards a prediction of the frequency of giant planet formation by gravitational instability. Upcoming observations and theoretical studies will further our understanding of the formation and early evolution of discs in the near future. This will eventually allow us to understand how infall, disc morphology, giant planet formation via gravitational instability, and the observed extrasolar planet population are linked.
Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002,,
Authors: Suárez Mascareño A. , González-Álvarez E. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Lillo-Box J. , Faria J. P. , Passegger V. M. , González Hernández J. I. , Figueira P. , Sozzetti A. , Rebolo R. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Cristiani S. , Lovis C. , Silva A. M. , Ribas I. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Béjar V. J. S. , Benatti S. , D’Odorico V. , Damasso M. , Delisle J.-B. , Di Marcantonio P. , Dreizler S. , Ehrenreich D. , Hatzes A. P. , Hara N. C. , Henning Th. , Kaminski A. , López-González M. J. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Micela G. , Montes D. , Pallé E. , Pedraz S. , Rodríguez E. , Rodríguez-López C. , Tal-Or L. , Sousa S. , Udry S.
Published: November 2022

We report the discovery and characterisation of two Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 1002 based on the analysis of the radial-velocity (RV) time series from the ESPRESSO and CARMENES spectrographs. The host star is the quiet M5.5 V star GJ 1002 (relatively faint in the optical, V ~ 13.8 mag, but brighter in the infrared, J ~ 8.3 mag), located at 4.84 pc from the Sun. We analyse 139 spectroscopic observations taken between 2017 and 2021. We performed a joint analysis of the time series of the RV and full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the cross-correlation function (CCF) to model the planetary and stellar signals present in the data, applying Gaussian process regression to deal with the stellar activity. We detect the signal of two planets orbiting GJ 1002. GJ 1002 b is a planet with a minimum mass mp sin i of 1.08 ± 0.13 M⊕ with an orbital period of 10.3465 ± 0.0027 days at a distance of 0.0457 ± 0.0013 au from its parent star, receiving an estimated stellar flux of 0.67 F⊕. GJ 1002 c is a planet with a minimum mass mp sin i of 1.36 ± 0.17 M⊕ with an orbital period of 20.202 ± 0.013 days at a distance of 0.0738 ± 0.0021 au from its parent star, receiving an estimated stellar flux of 0.257 F⊕. We also detect the rotation signature of the star, with a period of 126 ± 15 days. We find that there is a correlation between the temperature of certain optical elements in the spectrographs and changes in the instrumental profile that can affect the scientific data, showing a seasonal behaviour that creates spurious signals at periods longer than ~200 days. GJ 1002 is one of the few known nearby systems with planets that could potentially host habitable environments. The closeness of the host star to the Sun makes the angular sizes of the orbits of both planets (~9.7 mas and ~15.7 mas, respectively) large enough for their atmosphere to be studied via high-contrast high-resolution spectroscopy with instruments such as the future spectrograph ANDES for the ELT or the LIFE mission.
Evaluation of visual and non-visual effects of daylighting in healthcare patient rooms using climate-based daylight metrics and melanopic metrics
Authors: Englezou Maria , Michael Aimilios
Published: December 2022

Daylight access in healthcare facilities is essential for creating comfortable ambiance conditions for the patients during their accommodation in a hospital. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the window size, the location (Paralimni in Cyprus and Brussels in Belgium), the room orientation and patients’ gaze direction have an impact on visual and non-visual effects. This research focuses on hospitals’ most typical patient room: the double room (3.50m * 5.50m). The building parameters under study arc eight orientations and three window sizes. Moreover, other parameters are the timing (season and hour in a day), the patient placement inside the room, and the patient gaze directions. For this study, computer simulations are used for daylight assessment using climatc-bascd daylight metrics and CIE S026 melanopic metrics for non-visual effects. Research findings show that it is possible to examine design options through a comprehensive investigation of climatc-bascd daylight metrics and CIE S 026 melanopic metrics for optimised performance for visual and non-visual effects.
Performance analysis of a solar thermal system coupled with a ground source heat pump in Nordic conditions
Authors: Wilberg Sandra Fransson , Madessa Habtamu Bayera , Chaudhuri Arnab
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this work is to investigate the energy and exergy performance of a solar assisted ground source heat pump for a school building designed according to Norwegian passive house standard. The system is designed in such a way that the solar collector prioritizes to provide heat to the hot water tank and whenever there is excess heat from the solar collector it can be used to charge the ground borehole. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of the system has been carried out in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Isobutane (R600a), propane (R290), ammonia (R717) and solstice (R1234ze(E)) have been investigated as working fluid for the heat pump. The result revealed that the solar collector and the different working media have affected both the COP and the exergy of the system. Moreover, the mass flow rate of the brine and the length of the borehole affect the performance of the system.
Agent-based modelling and energy performance assessment: a co-simulation case study
Authors: Berger Christiane , Regnath Florian , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: December 2022

A number of recent research efforts focus on the inclusion of more detailed models of occupants in building performance computing. Thereby, agent-based modelling (ABM) has the theoretical potential to capture the dynamic and complex patterns of occupants’ presence and behaviour in buildings. This paper starts with a brief reference to recent reviews of the state of the art concerning the deployment of ABM in building energy simulation. Subsequently, an illustrative case study is used to explore the potential and current challenges of ABM in building performance simulation. The case study involves the coupling of ABM with a building simulation model to evaluate the influence of occupants’ energy consciousness and thermal comfort preferences on buildings’ energy performance.
Human-plant centric shading control: Considering the impact of shading systems on both occupants’ and plants’ requirements
Authors: Kheybari Abolfazl Ganji , Kasravi Morteza
Published: December 2022

Traditionally, control strategies are applied to automate switchable electrochromic glazing systems (EC) to save energy and provide comfort for occupants indoors. In addition, the plants’ minimum requirements and the consequences of active shading on the supplemental artificial lighting for plants should be considered when designers want to embrace Biophilic design.

This paper introduces a simulation workflow to evaluate the impact of shading activation on both human and plant requirements year-round using combined climate-based daylight (Radiance) and building energy simulation tool (TRNSYS).

Finally, the simulated total electricity demand for supplemental lighting for plants in a prototypical office room in temperate climate condition are presented and discussed under different control strategies.
Framework for effective robust design of building energy systems: Bridging the gap between predicted and actual energy use
Authors: Kocbach Jan , Folgerø Kjetil , Skålvik Astrid Marie , Wulff Maria Olsen , Kjellberg Bianca , Harsem Trond Thorgeir
Published: December 2022

Practitioners working on building performance simulations do seldom apply uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using state-of-the-art global methods in their daily workflow. With stricter building regulations imposed year by year, a corresponding change in workflow has been identified as one important way to bridge the increasing gap between predicted and actual energy use. This study describes how statistical methods from research can be adapted to an efficient workflow in a practical setting, concretised through description of a proposed framework and methodology, and application on a case study for a hospital in Northern Norway.
Energy performance and scenario analyses of a multistorey apartment building in Norway
Authors: Trulsrud Tonje Healey , Andresen Inger , Gaitani Niki
Published: December 2022

Plus Energy Buildings are perceived as a strategy in the energy transition and to promote decarbonization of the building stock. This paper presents the design development of a plus energy demonstration project based on building performance simulations performed with IDA-ICE for energy strategies and future scenarios.

The objective of the design strategies was to reduce the primary energy consumption, while ensuring a satisfactory indoor environment. Future scenarios for climate change, user behavior, and energy flexibility were developed to analyze the impact on the building's energy performance.

Results from the analyses reveal the expected building performance with respect to energy and indoor environment standards, and robustness with respect to meeting the standards under different scenarios for occupant behavior and climate conditions. According to the simulation results, the building design is robust and can adapt to changes in exterior conditions.