bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression Pattern of SLIT 2 Genes Discriminates Malignant from Benign Canine Mammary Tumours
Authors: Saharan Sandeep , Singh Prem , Singh Ajit , Gupta Rajendra Prasad , Dutt Ravi
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the expression of SLIT2 gene in representative tissue samples of mammary tumours of female dogs (n=10) with the age between 5.0 and 16.5 years brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, LUVAS, Hisar. Excisional biopsy was taken after surgery of these cases. Histopathological studies confirmed four cases of adenocarcinoma, three cases of benign mixed tumours and two of myoepithelioma and one case of adenoma. Amplification plots and dissociation curves of RT-qPCR were indicative of specific amplification of the canine SLIT 2 gene in all the samples. Further, amplification product of a 160 bp SLIT 2 gene and 120 bp β-actin gene in all the RT-qPCR tubes were visible by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of 10 tissue samples examined, transcript levels of SLIT 2 genes in all different samples ranged from 1.90 to 84.98. Conclusively, the expression of SLIT 2 genes increased in all canine malignant mammary gland tumours, thereby showing its association with tumour malignancy.
Studies on Histology, Histochemistry and Micrometry of Hippocampus of Goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Rawat Pushpendra , Dubal Subhash C. , Gori Harishbhai P. , Pathak Prashant K.
Published: September 2023

The brain of six adult goats was collected for the study of hippocampus. Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method was used for general microscopic structure of the hippocampus. Aldehyde-Thionin-PAS method was utilized for Nissl’s substance and mucopolysaccharides. Vogt’s method was used for nerve cells, Sevier-Munger method for neural tissues and the micrometry of hippocampus was performed for various layers of cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus. The mean values of thickness of different layers of cornu ammonis were measured by micrometry. Microscopic study revealed that the hippocampus was consisting of six layers, viz., alveus, stratum oriens, stratum pyramidale, stratum radiatum, stratum lacunosum and stratum moleculare. The hippocampus commissure and the dentate gyrus showed PAS positive reaction. Furthermore, these structures also showed a positive reaction with silver nitrate staining (Sevier-Munger staining). The study revealed that almost all the fibres of hippocampus were myelinated.
Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram of Cloacal Flora from Apparently Healthy Caged Zoo Birds
Authors: Golaviya Akash V. , Pandya Suchit S. , Patankar Pratyush G. , Joddha Harshrajsinh B. , Chavda Chirag M. , Bhanderi Bharat B. , Jhala Mayurdhvaj K.
Published: September 2023

Antibiotics are routinely used in animals and birds to prevent and cure bacterial infections. Various multidrug resistance bacteria have been detected in caged zoo birds, however there is a little known about their resistance pattern. In current study we isolated and identified cloacal bacteria from 50 zoo birds and compared their antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 28 cloacal samples (56%) were found positive for different bacteria by selective culture. The bacteria isolated from different types of caged birds were Escherichia coli (26%), Staphylococcus spp. (8%), Streptococcus spp. (4%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (14%). Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that cefotaxime and sulphadiazine were highly (>60%) resistant to isolated cloacal microflora of zoo birds. However, the antibiotics such as ceftriaxone and amikacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, co-trimoxazole was found to be consistently highly effective (100%) on all the E. coli isolates. Overall, the results showed that zoo birds can be carrier of multidrug resistant organisms including Escherichia coli.
Impact of Oral Probiotics on Faecal Profile in Endangered Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Chharang Dharmendra , Choudhary Sheela , Rathore Bhavana , Chopra Deepak , Meena Kavita
Published: September 2023

A study was planned to determine the impact of oral probiotics on faecal profiles in 18 adult Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) for sixty days. The elephants were randomly divided into three groups, with six each. The experimental probiotics; Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were supplemented @ 1 gm (1 × 109 cfu /gm) / 50 kg body weight per day to all the elephants of T2 and T3 groups, respectively, whereas no probiotic was given to the control (T1) group. The faecal samples were taken on 0 and 60th day of the experiment for the analysis of faecal profiles viz. pH, lactic acid, coliforms, and probiotic microbial counts, i.e., lactobacillus and mould. Oral feeding of probiotics did not exhibit any significant impact on faecal profiles; however, it seems to induce some shift in faecal microflora. A declining trend in lactobacillus count was observed in probiotic groups as compared to the control group, which could be implicative of positive health status in Asian elephants.
Effects of Feeding Flaxseeds and Rapeseeds on Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Crossbred Dairy Cattle
Authors: Bhavsar Maitri Y. , Pandya Paresh R. , Patel Yogesh G. , Shah Shailesh V. , Bhavsar Prakrutik P.
Published: September 2023

Effects of feeding oil seeds on fatty acid profile of milk fat was studied on fifteen multiparous HF × Kankrej dairy cows (15 DIM) fed with three experimental diets, viz., T1: control, Total Mixed Ration (TMR) without oil seeds; T2: TMR with ground flaxseeds @ 4.5% and T3: TMR with ground rapeseed @ 4.5%. The experimental TMRs were offered along with 15 kg green cereal fodder as per the guidelines of ICAR standards for 120 days. The milk samples were collected at the end of the experiment for fatty acid analysis. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in the concentration of total unsaturated fatty acids by 21.5 and 29.5% and significant decrease in the saturated fatty acids by 8.0 and 11.0 % in T2 and T3, respectively, as compared to T1. Medium Chain Fatty Acids decreased significantly (p<0.05) in T2 and T3, while Short Chain Fatty Acids remained at par among all treatments. The Long Chain Fatty Acids increased significantly (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 groups, respectively, as compared to T1. The concentration of Omega 3 was found higher by 16.3 and 69.0% in T2 and T3 than T1. The significantly higher Omega 9 fatty acids concentration was found in both T2 and T3 by 32.57 and 30.0%, respectively, as compared to T1. Treatments had no effects on DMI, milk yield and milk composition. It is concluded that feeding flaxseeds and rapeseeds to dairy cows @ 4.5% in TMR altered milk fatty acid composition in beneficial way by increasing healthy fatty acids and decreasing non-desirable fatty acids.
Estrus Behaviour and Estrus Intensity Score in Relation to Hormonal Profile in Kankrej Cows at an Organized Farm
Authors: Madhavatar Mahesh P. , Ankuya Kanubhai J. , Pawar Mahesh M. , Patel Mayank P. , Srivastava Amitkumar K. , Modi Rakesh J.
Published: September 2023

The present investigation was undertaken to study the estrus behaviour in Kankrej cattle at an organized farm during 3 different seasons. In each of three seasons, seven (07) Kankrej heifers and seven (07) Kankrej cows showing estrus were considered. In Kankrej cattle, majority of the animals showed acceptance of teaser bull (100%), estrual mucus discharge (88.10%), homosexuality (78.57%), excitement, and edema erythema and wetness of vulva (76.19% each), frequent micturition (59.52%) and bellowing (16.67%). None of the Kankrej cattle went partial or complete off-feed during estrus phase. Overall it was revealed that the estrus signs were manifested more during summer season than monsoon and winter, which shows the heat tolerance capability of the Kankrej cows in the area. Nearly three forth (73.81%) of the total Kankrej cows exhibited normal and above normal estrus intensity score, whereas one forth (26.19%) animals showed weak estrus intensity score. The difference between Kankrej cows and heifers for overall intensity score was found non-significant (p>0.05). The serum estradiol concentrations in Kankrej heifers and cows were significantly higher on the day of estrus than the corresponding levels on 11th day of estrus with inverse trend of serum progesterone in all three seasons. On the day of estrus the mean estradiol level in Kankrej heifers and progesterone levels in cows were higher in summer than winter and monsoon.
Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Zoletil Anesthesia in Equine under Field Conditions
Authors: Babbar Nikhil , Khandekar Gajendra S. , Tripathi Santosh D. , Saini Dishant , Gaikwad Shahir V. , Chauhan Shalaka A.
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted on eighteen horses divided into three groups, consisting of six horses in each irrespective of their size, breed and body weight. Horses from all groups were pre-anaesthetized with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg b.wt.) intravenously and anesthetized after 5 min with doses of zoletil (Tiletamine and zolazepam) @ 0.5 mg/kg, 0.8 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg BW in groups I, II and III, respectively. Evaluation of different parameters like time of induction of anaesthesia, quality of induction, duration of anaesthesia, degree of muscle relaxation, time and quality of recovery were evaluated and compared between the groups. Different haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters were studied before administration of pre-anaesthetic, during anaesthesia and after complete recovery. There was no significant difference noted for clinical, haematological, biochemical and anaesthetic parameters between the three groups. Quality of induction and anaesthesia was better in group II and group III than group I. Time required attaining sternal recumbency, standing and completing recovery were significantly longer in group III than group I and group II. Overall quality of recovery was better in group I and group II than group III.  On the basis of this study, we can say zoletil at a dose rate of 0.8 mg per kg body weight provide better quality of field anaesthesia associated with smooth recovery for short term surgical procedures like gelding.
Integrons: A Mobile Genetic Element of Concern in Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Transfer: An Overview
Authors: Gidla Veera Venkata Satyanarayana , V.J Ajay Kumar , V. Bhanu Rekha , G. Deepan
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major global public health problems. There are numerous factors which contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. One such factor is integrons which is a mobile genetic element. Integrons contribute to the spread and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes across diverse bacterial species through horizontal gene transfer. Integrons are made up of three components namely an integrase gene (intI), a primary recombination site (attI) and a promoter region. Integrons transfer resistance genes through transfer of plasmids or through phages. There are two types of integrons such as resistance integrons and super integrons. Resistance integrons are of 4 classes (class I-IV). Class 1 integrons are major contributors of antimicrobial resistance globally and found as contaminant in all ecosystems dominated by humans. The peculiarity of integrons is that they offer a mechanism for quick migration and exchange of various resistance genes. Bacteria with antibiotics, disinfectants and heavy metals discharged into waste streams hotspots are created where intricate interactions and selection events can take place for the interchange of genes and the creation of novel gene combinations.
Effect of Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), and Legume Non-Legume Roughage on Growth Rate and Haematological Profile of Crossbred Heifers
Authors: Dhami Arjan J. , Patel Dhaval N. , Pathan Mohsinkhan M. , Shah Shailesh V. , Lunagariya Pravinchandra M.
Published: September 2023

The study was undertaken on HF x K heifers (n=24) to evaluate the effect of feeding distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and Soy DOC alone or in combination with cereal and/or legume straws as TMR from average 8 months till 19 months of age on their growth, health and haematological profile. Heifers were uniformly distributed into six treatment groups and were fed concentrate and roughage 50-50 ratio. They were offered three different types of concentrates containing 0, 20 and 40% rice DDGS, each half with wheat straw (25%) and another half as a mixture of wheat straw and groundnut gotar. Heifers were also offered green hybrid Napier @ 2 kg/h/d up to 100 kg BW and 4 kg/h/d for above 100 kg BW and Amul’s Chelated Mineral Mixture @ 35 g/animal/d. The protein requirement was met as per the ICAR (2013) feeding standard. Heifers were offered measured extra wheat straw if no leftover was observed from next day. Higher body weight gain (BWG) was observed in 40% DDGS and legume straw fed groups as compared to 40% soy DOC and cereal straw fed groups. The average Hb, PCV and MCHC were significantly (p<0.05) higher, while WBCs and Platelets were lower in T2 group heifers fed concentrate with 20% soya DOC + 20% RDDGS, irrespective of roughage, as compared to 40% soya DOC (T1) and 40% RDDGS (T3), and there was no significant effect on RBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. When concentrate source was ignored, only the platelet count was significantly higher in R2 group fed a mixture of legume-nonlegume than R1 group fed only the wheat straw in TMR. There was significant (p<0.05) interaction between concentrate and roughage source on WBC count. Lowest WBC (103/µL) count was found in T1R1 and highest in T1R2 group crossbred heifers. The effect of period x treatment was significant particularly on WBCs, granulocytes and monocytes for first 3-4 months of feeding, perhaps due to adaptive effect of solvent present in RDDGS. Overall the average haematological profile in experimental heifers was close to the reference range for healthy bovine. So it can be concluded that feeding DDGS in place of soy DOC in concentrate and feeding a mixture of groundnut gotar and wheat straw to growing crossbred heifers from 8 months till puberty/19 months improves growth rate without adverse effect on the health and haematological profile.
Pathomorphological Studies on Experimentally Induced Indoxacarb Toxicity and its Amelioration with Vitamin C in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Rathod Parth B. , Patel Jasmi G. , Modh Sneha P. , Raval Samir H. , Parmar Rohit S. , Sindhi Parvez I. , Joshi Dilip V.
Published: September 2023

The present study was undertaken to determine the ameliorative effect of vitamin C on indoxacarb induced toxicity in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four different groups as I to IV. Rats of Group I, II, III and IV received vehicle carboxymethyl cellulose (control), indoxacarb (173.2 mg/kg b.wt.), vitamin C (200 mg/kg b.wt.) and indoxacarb + vitamin C, respectively, by oral gavages daily for 28 days. Clinical symptoms that were seen in indoxacarb group II rats were also observed in indoxacarb + vitamin C group IV rats, though to a lesser degree. Grossly, stomach was distended and filled with undigested feed materials in Groups II and IV rats. Histopathological changes (degeneration, necrosis and congestion) in the indoxacarb group II were increased when compared to the control group. These microscopic lesions were also visible in the Group IV animals to a lesser extent. In general, vitamin C has ameliorative effect on histopathological changes in indoxacarb intoxicated rats.
Gross Anatomy of Humerus of Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)
Authors: Pandya Sweta , Gaikwad Pradnya , Patel Maitri
Published: September 2023

Gir forest is the sole home of Asiatic lion. In the present study the anatomy of 4 humerus bones of Asiatic lion were studied. The humerus is long bone with spirally twisted shaft. The mean circumference of proximal extremity was 21.11 cm, while that of distal extremity was 18.00 cm. The mean length of shaft was 17.20 cm. The mean diameter of shaft from the middle was 8.62 cm. The musculo-spiral groove was wide, smooth and spiral on lateral surface of humerus. There were three fossae, olecranon fossa at caudal aspect and radial and coronoid fossae at cranial aspect of distal extremity of humerus. Supracondyloid foramen was present on medial side of distal extremity above medial condyle.
Prevailing Calf Mortality and its Pattern in Indigenous Cattle in Operational Area of Dairy Vigyan Kendra, Vejalpur, Gujarat
Authors: Jadav Sanjay J. , Patel Yogesh G. , Panigrahy Shaktiranjan
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the prevailing indigenous calf mortality & its pattern in the operational area of Dairy Vigyan Kendra (DVK), Vejalpur, Gujarat, India. Using the simple random sampling method, 300 indigenous cattle owners from 6 villages each from 10 talukas were selected for the study from August to December 2021. The data were collected based on the pre-tested structured interview schedule. Overall indigenous calf mortality was observed 27.90 % in the study area. There was a higher mortality rate in male calves (53.43%) than in female indigenous calves (11.97%) due to limited attention towards the male calf. The mortality rate was recorded higher during the first three months of age (76.42%) and during the summer (50.00%). The major reason of calf mortality was diarrhoea or dysentery. Most indigenous cattle owners had not adopted the recommended calf management practices. Farmers urgently need extension services on scientific calf rearing practices such as cutting navel cord with sterilized object, providing colostrum and milk  as per body weight, on-time colostrum feeding, provision of milk replacer, calf starter, salt, mineral mixture, deworming, and HS & FMD vaccination.
Mineral Status of Lactating Jaffarabadi Buffaloes in Their Home Tract: A Field Study
Authors: Naliyapara Hardik B. , Savsani Harish H. , Chavda Mitesh R. , Chavda Jignesh A. , Chaudhry Girish M. , Ribadiya Nilay K. , Karangiya Vijay K.
Published: September 2023

Deficit macro and micro-minerals in the ration of lactating Jaffarabadi buffaloes adversely affects growth, milk production and reproduction efficiency. For present study, four villages from each of 5 talukas were selected at random for taking representative samples of soil, feeds, forages and blood plasma of lactating Jaffarabadi buffaloes. Within the village, help was sought from village milk producers and district animal husbandry officer for identification of 3 farmers and collection of representative samples. All the samples were processed and analysed for chemical composition as well as major macro and micro-minerals, using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). Ca content was high in groundnut haulms (0.95%), but maize forage (0.23%), cotton seed cake (0.16%), cotton seed (0.12%) and maize cake (0.25) were found to be below the critical level (0.30%). The P content in concentrate ingredients was high (0.38-0.68%), but low in roughages (0.07-0.20%). Green jowar (0.18%) and maize cake (0.10%) were deficient in Mg. Feeds and forages were found to be adequate in iron. Abundant level of Cu was found in all feeds and forage. Sugarcane was found deficient in all minerals, except iron, and groundnut haulms (20.70 ppm) were found to be deficient in Zn.  The blood mineral profile of the majority of lactating Jaffarabadi buffaloes was adequate. From the present study, it was apparent that soil and therefore forages cultivated in particular region were deficient in P and Zn. Same minerals were adequate in concentrate available in this area. So, to fulfil the requirement of deficient minerals there is need to feed concentrate along with area specific mineral mixture to the buffaloes.
Factors Affecting Gestation Length in Gir Cattle
Authors: Parikh Suryakant S. , Savaliya Bhagvanji D. , Patbandha Tapas K. , Makwana Rinkesh B. , Gamit Pranav M. , Parmar Monika R.
Published: September 2023

The present study was planned to understand the factors affecting gestation length in nulliparous and pluriparous Gir cows. A cumulative ten years (2010-2019) full term calving record (n = 1272) of Gir cows were incorporated. The overall mean gestation length of Gir cattle was 283.29 ± 0.16 days. It was shortest in 8th and above parities and longest in 7th parity Gir cows (282.39 and 285.84 days, respectively); with statistically significant (p<0.05) difference. The gestation length remained almost similar from nulliparous to 6th parities cows (ranged from 283.10 to 283.74 days) and the values were more or less close to the overall mean of gestation length. The mean gestation length in cows having female calf was 1.4 days shorter than those with male calf (282.60 vs. 283.99 days). There was period wise significant variation of gestation length in Gir cows (p<0.05). The Gir cattle served during December and March had shortest and longest mean gestation length (282.22 and 284.40 days), respectively; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean gestation length across different calving months varied significantly (p<0.05). Season of service and season of birth did not affect gestation length in Gir cattle. The results showed that Gir cows are less affected for gestation length by different factors throughout the year.
CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OTIC EXUDATES OF DOGS WITH BACTERIAL OTITS EXTERNA
Authors: R Umamaheshwarry , Sivaraman  , E. Venkatesakmar , P. Balachandran , D. Sumathi , K. Sasikala , M. Sasikala
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted on a total of 71 dogs with signs of otitis whose cytology was collected and evaluated to characterize the findings which can be used as a diagnostic aid for otitis externa in dogs. Cytology of the 10 normal dogs showed presence of non-nucleated keratinised epithelial cells. These epithelial cells were mostly found as sheets or appeared rolled up and 5 samples (50%) had Malassezia species. The 71 clinical samples showed majority with cocci and neutrophils (26.8%) followed by rods and cocci (21.1%), cocci alone (14.1%), rods and neutrophils (12.7%), mixed population with cocci, rods and neutrophils (11.3%), cocci and Malassezia (8.5%), rods alone (5.5%).
Colonoscopic Examination, Histopathological findings and medical management of Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic colitis in a Dog
Authors: Priya S. Vishnu , Kumar G. Senthil , Kumar E. Venkatesa , Senthilvel K.
Published: September 2023

Colitis is defined as the inflammation of colon and is the most common cause of significant bowel diarrhea. Any colon damage may results in inflammation of colon and disturbances in both absorption and motility. In this case, a male German Shepherd was presented with the history of bloody diarrhea for the past one week, tenesmus and frequent voiding of small volume of faeces. Hemato-biochemical analysis revealed slight lymphocytopenia, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. On physical examination, animal showed pain on palpation of abdomen and digital rectal examination with hematochezia. Colonoscopy was performed. Histopathological assessment of intestinal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of intestinal inflammation. The usefulness of endoscopic examination for the diagnosis and treatment of colitis in dogs was determined in this study.
Studies on Phytochemistry and Wound Healing Activity ofLeaf Extract Ointment of Clerodendrum infortunatum inCanines
Authors: Ram Prabhu , Limsay Rajesh P , Somkuwar Arju P , Adey Khushboo S , More Govind Y
Published: September 2023

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ointments containing leaf extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum for treating wounds in canines in field cases. The 50% ethanolic and methanolic extract of the plant was subjected to preliminary phytochemistry and GC-MS analysis to assess the presence of active phytoconstituents. The wound healing was assessed with percent wound contraction on 0, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 20th day and epithelization period in 30 canines presented with a history of wound at VCC, private clinics, and dog shelters run by NGOs. The 10% w/w ointment of both the extract was used and it was compared with commercially available Povidone Iodine ointment USP 5% (Betadine®). The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, amino acids, phytosterol, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Whereas, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 compounds in ethanolic extract and 24 compounds in methanolic extract. The wound contraction in the methanolic extract ointment treated group was most significant and also demonstrated an epithelization period of 17.5 ± 1.210 days as compared to 22.8 ± 0.525 and 20.9 ± 0.669 in Povidone Iodine ointment and ethanolic extract ointment treated groups, respectively. The finding of the study suggests that the ointment made from the extract of Clerodenrum infortunatum leaves possesses promising wound healing activity.
Effects of Quercetin on Aspirin-Induced Haemato-Biochemical Alterations in Wistar Rats
Authors: Baraiya Parth D , Patel Jignesh M , Vihol Priti D , Raval Jitendra K , Parmar Hitesh C , Patel Sneha A , Panzade Pranav R
Published: September 2023

Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Quercetin is natural flavonoid present in high concentration in herbal drugs, fruits and vegetables and demonstrating broad bio-pharmacological properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of quercetin (@ 100 & 200 mg/kg b.wt.) in aspirin (@ 100 mg/kg b.wt.) induced haemato- biochemical alterations in Wistar rats (n=36) over a period of 28 days. There was significant decrease in mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelets and increase in total leucocyte count in aspirin treated rats (Gr. II) over the control group (Gr I) at 28th day of experiment. Similarly, in biochemical parameters also there was significant elevation in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine and significant decrease inmean values of total protein, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol in aspirin treated rats. Administration of quercetin at higher dose rate of 200 mg/kg b.wt. for 28 days (Gr. III) along with the aspirin in Wistar rats prevented such alterations in different haemato-biochemical parameters as the values on day 28 were almost similar to those on day 0 and at par with control group. Hence, quercetin @ 200 mg/kg b.wt. along with aspirin @ 100 mg/kg b.wt. can be recommended to avoid aspirin induced health issues in high risk mammals.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profiling of ESBL Producing Klebsiella spp. of Bovine Origin of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav Vibha , Joshi Rajesh Kumar , Singh Satyavrat , Maurya Satyendra Kumar , Niyogi Debasish , Shrivastva Dharam Prakash , Yadav Deepak
Published: September 2023

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry is of utmost concern as it has resulted in therapeutic failure and nowadays it is one of the latest challenges faced by scientific community across the world. Extensive use of antibiotics without performing antibiotic susceptibility testing may lead to development of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms. This study was undertaken to assess the AMR pattern and their correlation with plasmid profiling in ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. from bovine origin. Total 160 samples were collected from 2 district of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh (India) and 63 (39.37%) isolates were confirmed as Klebsiella spp. by conventional methods (cultural characteristics on selective media & biochemical tests). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of confirmed isolates revealed 82.0%-94.0% resistance to 3rd & 4th generation cephalosporin, 100% to ampicillin and all isolates were found 100% sensitive to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and polypeptides class of antibiotics. Total 49 (77.8%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using DDST and ESBL E-strip test, out of which 45 (71.43%) isolates revealed the presence of bla-CTX-M gp genes by PCR analysis. On plasmid profiling, total 82.82% isolates revealed the presence of plasmid with molecular weight between 2.5 kb to >10 kb and number 1-2. These high molecular weight plasmids are mostly situated on conjugative plasmid, which are horizontally transferred from one species to another in highly populous country like India.
Evaluation of Antiangiogenic Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Bauhinia variegata Leaves in Mice
Authors: Kathole Namrata S , Karande Vikas V , Ghumare Babasaheb C , Mote Chandrashekhar S , Lonkar Vijaysinh D , Jadhav Samir N , Bachapalle Pooja P
Published: September 2023

The present study was planned to evaluate the antiangiogenic potential of ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata using the sponge implantation method in mice. Swiss albino adult male mice (n=30) weighing 18-22 g were divided into three groups comprising of ten animals in each. Groups I, II, and III were used as negative control, positive (SU5416) control, and treatment (extract of Bauhinia variegata) groups, respectively. Sponges were implanted subcutaneously and the mice were sacrificed after 14th day. The implanted sponges were then segregated and processed for haemoglobin concentration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) estimation, and histopathological evaluation. In treatment groups I to III, the mean (±SE) haemoglobin content was found to be 1.919±0.048, 0.410±0.049, and 1.604±0.101 µg/mg weight of sponge, VEGF values 2.462±0.181, 0.529±0.044, and 1.609±0.069 pg/mg weight of sponge, and the mean vessels density (±SE) per field (microscopically under 40x) was 14.9±1.25, 1.3±0.3, and 10.6±0.92, respectively. The extract of Bauhinia variegata was found to have inhibitory potential on hemoglobin concentration, VEGF concentration, and mean vascular density.
Coccidiosis in Murrah Buffalo Calves from Meghalaya's Subtropical Hilly Region
Authors: Das Meena , Kumar Rakesh , Katiyar Rahul
Published: September 2023

The present study reports the prevalence of coccidiosis in Murrah buffalo calves (8 nos.) of 11-22 days of age in hilly region of Meghalaya. Clinical signs observed were diarrhea, anorexia, weakness and loss of weight. Fecal sample examination by flotation and modified McMaster techniques revealed the presence of four species of Eimeria, viz., E. bareillyi (29.42%), E. zuernii (22.76%), E. bovis (36.53%) and E. ellipsoidalis (11.29%). High intensity of infection oocyst per gram (OPG) of feces was observed in infected calves. The OPG ranged from 20200 to 121000.  Mortality observed when OPG exceeded 121000 which may be due to severe diarrhea, anorexia and weakness. The calves were successfully treated with Amprolium @ 10 mg per kg body weight orally for 7 days, Ceftriaxone @ 0.5 gm I/M for 5 days, Melonex @ 1.5 mL I/M for 5 days, Tribivet @ 1.5 mL I/M along with vimeral @ 10 mL orally for 3 days and fluid therapy @ 500 mL intravenously daily for 3 days. After 7 days of treatment most of the calves recovered gradually and started normal feeding.
Therapeutic Management of Babesiosis in a Cow: A Case Report
Authors: Bante Shivani , Bagherwal Rajendra Kumar , Agrawal Vivek , Rajoriya Shweta
Published: September 2023

Babesiosis is a haemoprotozoan disease intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus  Babesia that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals.  It is one of the common tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases  affecting the bovines in tropical and subtropical parts of  Africa, Australia, America, and Asia including India (Kumar and  Kala, 2018). In India, annual economic losses to livestock due  to babesiosis are estimated to be about 57.2 million US dollars  which is mainly caused by two most important species, i.e.,  Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina (Bock et al., 2004). The  cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector involved  with the transmission and is the only known vector for bovine  babesiosis (Souza et al., 2018). Due to universal distribution of  the ixodid tick, babesiosis is considered as the second most  widespread blood-borne disease of animals (Homer et al., 2000) and is prominently gaining increasing interest as an  emerging zoonosis of humans also (Homer et al., 2000; Zintl  et al., 2003). Clinical symptoms of Babesiosis are classical  haemoglobinuria which is often present, with anaemia and  jaundice that develops especially in more protracted cases  (Bock et al., 2004). The disease has been recorded in all the  cattle breeds but more commonly in exotic and crossbred  cattle than in indigenous ones (Chakrabarti, 2003). The  present communication describes the haemato-biochemical  profile and therapeutic management of a non-descript native  cow with babesiosis infection.
Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Clear Cell Variant) in Bovine - A Case Report
Authors: Prajapati Ankit S , Chauhan Prakash M , Raval Samir H
Published: September 2023

Tumors of the bovine gastrointestinal tract are rare, possibly  because of the low age of the sample population (Bertone,  1990). Neoplasia in cattle carries a poor prognosis because  of early adenocarcinoma metastasis and the high fatality  of lymphosarcoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second  most rude type of skin cancer, with basal cell carcinoma  being the most common (Rinker et al., 2001). Squamous cell  carcinoma has been documented in bovine (Musser et al., 1993). Clear-cell squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant  of squamous cell carcinoma, first described by Kuo (1980)  as a skin tumor. The exact etiology is unclear, but ultraviolet  radiation has been suggested as a possible cause in humans  (Lawal et al., 2013). This report documents a case of cutaneous  squamous cell carcinoma (clear cell variant) in perianal region  of a cow and its successful surgical management.
AGROMART
Authors: Sulthana S  , Rajitha P R
Published: September 2023

AgroMart For several years, farmers in India have had little liberty in choosing markets and purchasers for their produce. All states in the country, except three, agree that marketing and selling of farm produce must be directed through state-owned mandis, retail markets where mediators (middlemen) crush farmers to increase margins. According to research, mediators have become dominating buyers of the agricultural market, resulting in them taking control over the plight of the farmers and gulping all the profits. The farmers work day and night expecting a good yield. They use a lot of financial resources, lending money and buying fertilizers, seeds etc. So, they have the right to enjoy every rupee gained on their crop .In this context, we propose a system which brings farmers close to the retailers cutting the middlemen. The middlemen usually take up to 70% of the profits of farmers leaving them helpless. Our system consists of a mobile or web application which will serve as a platform for farmers, the growers and retailers or customers to sell and buy their farm products. This system aims at giving a profitable price to farmers for their farm products, cutting the middlemen. This allows the retailers or the customers to buy products from the farmers at a lower than the normal price. This system is used by farmers and users. Farmers upload their product with details and buyers view these details and book that product within a time. The System also got support for Krishi Bhavan to know the precautions for the climate change and allowances form the government to farmers.
Hungry Hub
Authors: Sudhin Raj  , Rajitha P R
Published: September 2023

The "Hungry Hub" is an application which provides a feature which helps in creating an efficient and user friendly Catering application. This system will solve key problems faced catering services, and also the clients, through the use of technologies such as Web applications. Hungry Hub accomplishes this by providing two interfaces for the two types of people - a web application for customers and a web application for catering staff members. The web application allows customers to have a seamless experience with features such as viewing catering services and reviews, booking an item or full meal packages, leaving a review, and also viewing confirmation details. The platform will provide a range of features to help clients to order food items based on the packages and plans given in the application and it also enables communication with the catering company. In addition to those features, we’ll also have a feature to donate the remaining / leftover food to nearby orphanages.
In Solidarity with the Earth
Authors: Koster Hilda P. , Deane-Drummond Celia
Published: September 2023

Based on case studies, the book creates a multidisciplinary conversation on the gendered vulnerabilities resulting from extractive industries and toxic pollution, and also charts the resilience and courage of women as they resist polluting industries, fight for clean water and seek to protect the land. While ecumenical in scope, the book takes its departure from the concept of integral ecology introduced in Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’.

The first three sections of the book focus on the social and ecological challenges facing minoritized women and their communities that are related to mining, pollutants and biodiversity loss, and toxicity. The final section of the book focuses on the possibilities and obstacles to global solidarity. All chapters offer a cross disciplinary response to a particular local situation, tracing the ways ecological destruction, resulting from extraction and toxic contamination, affects the lives of women and their communities. The book pays careful attention to the political, economic, and legal structures facilitating these life-threatening challenges. Each section concludes with a response from a ‘practitioner’ in the field, representing an ecclesial organization or NGO focused on eco-justice advocacy in the global South, or minority communities in the global North.
Ghana
Authors: Ahlman Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

What does it mean to write a “national history”? What does it mean to write a national history of Ghana spanning a so-called modern era largely defined by the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? Neither of these concepts as commonly defined in the West--neither the nation nor the modern era--sits comfortably on Ghana's historical shoulders.

Here renowned history scholar Jeffrey Ahlman shows that both of these concepts, as well as the very notions of the “Gold Coaster” or the “Ghanaian,” are moving targets. All are deployed strategically for some and, at times, just as strategically against others as those living in what eventually becomes Ghana seek to make their way through the changing realities of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Foregrounding the sometimes overlapping, sometimes divergent, and sometimes contradictory nature of Ghanaian cultural origin stories through discussions of marriage, race, and dress; of cocoa as a cultural system; of the cultural politics of chieftaincy; and of other contemporary markers of Ghanaian identity, Ghana: A Political and Social History distills decades of work by scholars—Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian alike. Putting such work in conversation with a wide array of archival, oral, journalistic, and governmental sources both ccolonial and postcolonial, this book provides a comprehensive overview of Ghanaian history while providing fresh insights into the limitations of those histories.

For its comprehensive coverage and deliberately accessible style, this book is a must-read nor only for students of African history and African studies more generally, but also for anyone interested in how Western-led concepts such as “the nation” and “national history” fit onto--or don’t fit onto--non-Western historical experiences.
Sufis in Medieval Baghdad
Authors: Muhammad Atta
Published: September 2023

This book examines the political and social activities of Sufis in Baghdad in the period 1000-1258. It argues that Sufis played an important role in creating a public sphere that existed between ordinary subjects and the government. Drawing on Arabic sources and secondary literature, it explores the role of Sufis and their institutions including their ribats or lodge houses, from the use of Sufis as political ambassadors to their role in redistributing charity to the poor. The book reveals the role of Sufism in structuring a wide range of social and political arrangements in this period. It also reveals the role of ordinary, non-elite actors who, by taking part in Sufi-affiliated religious or professional associations, were able take part in public life in late-Abbasid Baghdad.
Ararat in America
Authors: Alexander Benjamin F.
Published: September 2023

How has the distinctive Armenian-American community expressed its identity as an ethnic minority while ‘assimilating’ to life in the United States? This book examines the role of community leaders and influencers, including clergy, youth organizers, and partisan newspaper editors, in fostering not only a sense of Armenian identity but specific ethnic-partisan leanings within the group’s population. Against the backdrop of key geopolitical events from the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide to the creation of an independent and then Soviet Armenia, it explores the rivalry between two major Armenian political parties, the Tashnags and the Ramgavars, and the relationship that existed between partisan leaders and their broader constituency. Rather than treating the partisan conflict as simply an impediment to Armenian unity, Benjamin Alexander examines the functional if accidental role that it played in keeping certain community institutions alive. He further analyses the two camps as representing two conflicting visions of how to be an ethnic group, drawing a comparison between the sociology-of-religion models of comfort religion and challenge religion. A detailed political and social history, this book integrates the Armenian experience into the broader and more familiar narratives of World War I, World War II, and the Cold War in the USA.
New Military Strategies in the Gulf
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup
Published: September 2023

In the last decade, rulers in Gulf regimes have aspired to greater strategic autonomy and distance from the West. Coined the "Gulf moment" by local commentators, this regional trend reflects a redistribution of power in the Arab world. This is the first book to examine the military dimensions of these shifts. Gulf military strategy has prioritised the improvement of local armed forces and the diversification of defence partnerships towards countries such as Russia, Turkey or China. However, this book shows how this has led to the militarisation of Gulf societies, the further erosion of multilateral initiatives - including the Gulf Cooperation Council - and the Gulf's disastrous involvement in the war in Yemen. The book also highlights the enduring reliance on the West.

Each chapter covers a key aspect of defence policy from governance of armed forces, military education and power projection capabilities to regional security cooperation and lessons from warfighting experiences. Close attention is paid to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, countries that have enjoyed prominent roles in the region’s security affairs during the last ten years. The research is based on extensive fieldwork and interviews with major decision-makers, officials, and diplomatic and military representatives. It is also uses recently declassified and “leaked” official documents to gain rare insight into what Gulf countries intend for their defence policies.
The Soviet Gulag
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2023

A vivid account of the Gulag, the Soviet Union’s infamous penal system, this book charts how Bolshevik visions of a humane alternative to Tsarist exile and Western penitentiaries became a chaotic and violent system of mass incarceration that bore a tragic human toll.

As the first concise history in the English language, The Soviet Gulag: History and Memory provides an illuminating account of the Gulag from 1917, through to the end of the Soviet Union and the contested memory of the Gulag that persists today.

Beginning with their conception, during the various penal experiments of the 1920s, their expansion, during the campaigns against perceived enemies of the Soviet regime in the 1930s, and their decline in the years proceeding Stalin’s death, Jeffrey S. Hardy explores how many facets of Gulag life endured right up until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. He addresses both the intentions of administrators and the experience of inmates, as well as covering the main scholarly debates surrounding these issues,

Crucially, the book also examines the post-Soviet era. You discover how politicians, nongovernmental organizations, and Gulag survivors have debated how or even if to commemorate the victims of the Gulag. Hardy reveals that despite numerous monuments and museum displays emerging out of these discussions, the Gulag’s legacy remains hotly contested in Russia today
Jokes in Greek Comedy
Authors: Scott Naomi
Published: September 2023

In ancient Greek comedy, nothing is ever ‘just a joke’. This book treats jokes with the seriousness they deserve, and shows that far from being mere surface-level phenomena, jokes in Greek comedy are in fact a site of poetic experimentation whose creative force expressly rivals that of serious literature.

Focusing on the fragments of authors including Cratinus, Pherecrates, and Archippus alongside the extant plays of Aristophanes, Naomi Scott argues that jokes are critical to comedy’s engagement with the language and convention of poetic representation. More than this, she suggests that jokes and poetry share a kind of kinship as two modes of utterance which specifically set out to flout the rules of ordinary speech. Starting with bad puns, and taking in crude slapstick, vulgar innuendo and frivolous absurdism, Jokes in Greek Comedy demonstrates that the apparently inconsequential jokes which pepper the surface of Greek comedy in fact amplify the impossible and defamiliarizing qualities of standard poetic practice, and reveal the fundamental ridiculousness of treating make-believe as a serious endeavour. In this way, jokes form a central part of Greek comedy’s contestation of the role of language, and particularly poetic language, in the truthful representation of reality.
Christians in the City of Shanghai
Authors: Patrick Susangeline Y. , Brandner Tobias , li-M Fohle Lygunda , McGeoch Graham
Published: September 2023

Examining the stories of diverse Christians in Shanghai, this book uses the city as a model to highlight how a minority religion in a city has interacted with other religions as well as social, cultural, political, and economic changes.

Susangeline Y. Patrick illustrates how the history of Shanghai Christians sheds light on why and how Christians have accommodated social and political changes, and gives valuable insights into multiculturalism, globalization, sinicization, and ecclesiology. The interreligious dialogues between Shanghai Christians and other traditions such as Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Judaism throughout history provide worthy reflections on the roles of Christians in a multi-religious space.