bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Some Novel Imidazole Schiff base Derivatives Under Microwave Irradiation / Reflux Conditions and Evaluations of the Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Eftekhari Samaneh , Foroughifar Naser , Hallajian Sara , Khajeh-Amiri Alireza
Published: May 2020

Background:

Schiff bases are excellent compounds. They were synthesized by condensation
of active carbonyl and amines. They were widely used as a substrate in the preparation of industrial
compounds as well as pharmaceutical purposes. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities.
In this study, based on the importance of Schiff bases, a sustainable synthetic method was developed
employing reflux and microwave irradiation.

Objective:

Develop a new synthetic method for imidazole Schiff base derivatives synthesis employing reflux, microwave
irradiation, and ethanol as a green solvent.

Methods:

Synthesis of imidazole Schiff base derivatives was carried out under reflux and microwave
irradiation conditions. Antibacterial activity of imidazole derivatives and standard drugs was examined
against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and two Gramnegative
bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli).

Results:

Schiff bases were synthesized in the presence of microwave irradiation and ethanol in high
yields 90-98% for 2-4 min. The antibacterial effects of Schiff bases were evaluated against both
strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative.

Conclusion:

In this paper, a novel series of imidazole Schiff base derivatives were synthesized using
reflux, microwave irradiation, and ethanol. Antibacterial effects were investigated. The excellent advantages
of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of imidazole derivatives include reduction of reaction
time from an hour to a minute, high product yield. In this study, the measurement of antibacterial
activity was also important. Imidazole derivatives with Cl, OH, and CH3 groups showed antibacterial
effects.
Особенности деформации монокристаллов Ni-Fе-Ga-Co, выращенных из расплава методом Степанова
Authors: Малыгин Г.А. , Левандовский Б.И. , Тимашов Р.Б. , Крымов В.М. , Николаев В.И.
Published: May 2020

Abstract The influence of thermomechanical cycles (compression along the [011] direction and recovery of the shape memory strain upon crystal heating) on the form and characteristics of the compression diagrams of Ni_49Fe_18Ga_27Co_6 alloy crystals not subjected to high-temperature annealing and quenching in water after the growth has been investigated. It is found that these characteristics change during the first nine cycles. Starting from the tenth thermomechanical cycle, they become stable and the deformation properties of the crystals become similar to those of quenched crystals of this alloy. This means that antiphase nanodomains are dispersed by dislocations during the thermomechanical cycling, as a result of which the disordered B _2 crystal structure is transformed into the ordered L 2_1 structure, which is characteristic of quenched crystals.
Изменение температуры Кюри в пористом материале
Authors: Шишулин А.В. , Федосеев В.Б. , Шишулина А.В.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the dependence of magnetic transitions temperatures of nanoporous materials on pore geometric characteristics (volume and shape) have been studied in the framework of the cohesive energy-based model in the case of pure nanoporous nickel and cobalt. Pore geometric characteristics have been taken into account using two parameters: its effective diameter and shape coefficient of a pore which characterizes the degree of deviation of its shape from the spherical one. The estimates allow expecting the possibility to obtain nanoporous macroscopic objects of ferromagnetic materials with a reduced Curie temperature which value also decreases with “complicating” the pore shape.
Локализация деформации в решетчатых структурах 3D-печатных образцов стали 03Х17Н14М2
Authors: Фирсов Д.Г. , Конев С.Д. , Дубинин О.Н. , Евлашин С.А. , Шишковский И.В.
Published: May 2020

The digital image correlation approach was used to study the deformation behavior of 3D samples under compression conditions, created by the selective laser melting method with lattice structures made of 03X17H14M2 steel. The space-temporal patterns of strain localization of transverse - εxx and longitudinal - εyy deformations of actual types of topological structures have been studied. It was shown that it is possible to reduce the relative density by 20% for 3D printed samples with lattice G-structure and cell sizes of 1.5 and 3 mm. However, plasticity disappears, the Young's modulus decreases by an order of magnitude, and the Poisson's ratio doubles in comparison with solid 3D parts.
Формирование кремниевых наночастиц методом импульсной лазерной абляции пористого кремния в жидкостях
Authors: Скобёлкина А.В. , Кашаев Ф.В. , Колчин А.В. , Шулейко Д.В. , Каминская Т.П. , Преснов Д.Е. , Головань Л.А. , Кашкаров П.К.
Published: May 2020

It was shown that the ablation of meso- and microporous silicon layers by picosecond laser pulses in water and ethanol leads to the formation of nanosilicon suspensions with a diameter of less than 100 nm. It has been demonstrated that the use of porous silicon allows to reduce the thresholds of laser ablation and increase the concentration of particles in suspensions in comparison with the case of crystalline silicon ablation.
Исследование нелинейных процессов в сегнетоэлектрической керамике в слабых электрических полях
Authors: Швецова Н.А. , Щербинин С.А. , Швецов И.А. , Луговая М.А. , Рыбянец А.Н.
Published: May 2020

The paper proposes a new method for studying nonlinear processes in ferroelectric ceramics under external influences, based on the measurement and analysis of piezoelectric resonance spectra. The method provides high accuracy in determining complex elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric materials, as well as their changes under external influences. To study nonlinear processes, we measured the dependences of complex electromechanical parameters of ferroelectrically «soft» piezoceramics based on PZT system on dc electric field. A physical interpretation of the results is proposed.
Рентгенолюминесценция нитевидных микроструктур ZnO
Authors: Муслимов А.Э. , Веневцев И.Д. , Задорожная Л.А. , Родный П.А. , Каневский В.М.
Published: May 2020

The morphology, optical and luminescent properties of an ensemble of ZnO whisker microcrystals on sapphire substrate obtained by gas transport synthesis from zinc and oxygen vapors by the vapor – liquid – crystal mechanism are studied. The ensemble is formed by uniaxial ZnO microcrystallites of two morphologies: a combination of a hexagonal prism and single crystal microrods. The absorption edge of the ensemble of whisker microstructures is located in the 385-395 nm region. The total transmittance of the sample in the visible and near-infrared regions is around 10–20% with a layer thickness around 15–18 μm. The X-ray luminescence spectrum is represented by two bands: narrow peak of excitonic emission with a maximum at 388.3 nm and wide peak of defect-related luminescence in the region of 430–600 nm. The decay time constant for excitonic luminescence is around 1.1 ns (not accounted for the width of the excitation pulse), which was obtained for the first time in undoped ZnO microstructures.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Eradication and Decolonization in Children Study (Part 1): Development of a Decolonization Toolkit With Patient and Parent Advisors (Preprint)
Authors: Moore Courtney M , Wiehe Sarah E , Lynch Dustin O , Claxton Gina EM , Landman Matthew P , Carroll Aaron E , Musey Paul I
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections affect many healthy children. A significant number of these children are hospitalized and require surgical incision and drainage (I&D). Once sent home, these children and families are asked to complete burdensome home decolonization and hygiene procedures in an effort to prevent the high rate of recurrent infections.

OBJECTIVE

This component of the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Eradication and Decolonization in Children (MEDiC) study aimed to develop a toolkit to assist MEDiC study participants in completing MRSA decolonization and hygiene procedures at home (the MEDiC kit).

METHODS

In all, 5 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) who had undergone an I&D procedure for a skin infection and 11 parents of children who had undergone an I&D procedure for a skin infection were engaged in a 4-hour group workshop using a human-centered design approach. The topics covered in this workshop and analyzed for this paper were (1) attitudes about MRSA decolonization procedures and (2) barriers to the implementation of MRSA decolonization and hygiene procedures. The team analyzed the audio and artifacts created during the workshop and synthesized their findings to inform the creation of the MEDiC kit.

RESULTS

The workshop activities uncovered barriers to successful completion of the decolonization and hygiene procedures: lack of step-by-step instruction, lack of proper tools in the home, concerns about adverse events, lack of control over some aspects of the hygiene procedures, and general difficulty coordinating all the procedures. Many of these could be addressed as part of the MEDiC kit. In addition, the workshop revealed that effective communication about decolonization would have to address concerns about the effects of bleach, provide detailed information, give reasons for the specific decolonization and hygiene protocol steps, and include step-by-step instructions (preferably through video).

CONCLUSIONS

Through direct engagement with patients and families, we were able to better understand how to support families in implementing MRSA decolonization and hygiene protocols. In addition, we were able to better understand how to communicate about MRSA decolonization and hygiene protocols. With this knowledge, we created a robust toolkit that uses patient-driven language and visuals to help support patients and families through the implementation of these protocols.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02127658; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02127658
Displayed Depression Symptoms on Facebook at Two Time Points: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Moreno Megan A , Gaus Quintin , Wilt Megan , Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Ton Adrienne , Adrian Molly , VanderStoep Ann
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Depression is a prevalent and problematic mental disorder that often has an onset in adolescence. Previous studies have illustrated that depression disclosures on social media are common and may be linked to an individual’s experiences of depression. However, most studies have examined depression displays on social media at a single time point.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate displayed depression symptoms on Facebook at 2 developmental time points based on symptom type and gender.

METHODS

Participants were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. The content analysis of text-based Facebook data over 1 year was conducted at 2 time points: time 1 (adolescence; age 17-18 years) and time 2 (young adulthood; ages 20-22 years). Diagnostic criteria for depression were applied to each post to identify the displayed depression symptoms. Data were extracted verbatim. The analysis included nonparametric tests for comparisons.

RESULTS

A total of 78 participants’ Facebook profiles were examined, of which 40 (51%) were male. At time 1, 62% (48/78) of the adolescents had a Facebook profile, and 54% (26/78) displayed depression symptom references with an average of 9.4 (SD 3.1) references and 3.3 (SD 2.3) symptom types. Of the 78 participants, 15 (19%) females and 12 (15%) males displayed depression symptom references; these prevalence estimates were not significantly different by gender (P=.59). At time 2, 35 young adults displayed symptoms of depression with an average of 4.6 (SD 2.3) references and 2.4 (SD 1.3) symptom types. There were no differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression displayed between males (n=19) and females (n=16; P=.63).

CONCLUSIONS

This content analysis study within an ongoing cohort study illustrates the differences in depression displays on Facebook by developmental stage and symptom. This study contributes to a growing body of literature by showing that using social media to observe and understand depression during the emerging adult developmental period may be a valuable approach.

CLINICALTRIAL
How the Integration of Telehealth and Coordinated Care Approaches Impact Health Care Service Organization Structure and Ethos: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Davidson Rosemary , Barrett David Ian , Rixon Lorna , Newman Stanton ,   ACT Program
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Coordinated care and telehealth services have the potential to deliver quality care to chronically ill patients. They can both reduce the economic burden of chronic care and maximize the delivery of clinical services. Such services require new behaviors, routines, and ways of working to improve health outcomes, administrative efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and user (patient and health professional) experience.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess how health care organization setup influences the perceptions and experience of service managers and frontline staff during the development and deployment of integrated care with and without telehealth.

METHODS

As part of a multinational project exploring the use of coordinated care and telehealth, questionnaires were sent to service managers and frontline practitioners. These questionnaires gathered quantitative and qualitative data related to organizational issues in the implementation of coordinated care and telehealth. Three analytical stages were followed: (1) preliminary analysis for a direct comparison of the responses of service managers and frontline staff to a range of organizational issues, (2) secondary analysis to establish statistically significant relationships between baseline and follow-up questionnaires, and (3) thematic analysis of free-text responses of service managers and frontline staff.

RESULTS

Both frontline practitioners and managers highlighted that training, tailored to the needs of different professional groups and staff grades, was a crucial element in the successful implementation of new services. Frontline staff were markedly less positive than managers in their views regarding the responsiveness of their organization and the pace of change.

CONCLUSIONS

The data provide evidence that the setup of health care services is positively associated with outcomes in several areas, particularly tailored staff training, rewards for good service, staff satisfaction, and patient involvement.
Perceived Impact of an Online Community Care Platform for Dutch Older Adults on Local Participation, Informal Caregiving, and Feelings of Connectedness: Pretest-Posttest Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Willard Sarah , van Rossum Erik , Spreeuwenberg Marieke , de Witte Luc
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In a changing ageing society wherein older adults are increasingly expected to take care of themselves instead of relying on health care services, online community care platforms can help older adults to meet these expectations. A considerable number of these online community care platforms have been introduced in several European countries based on their potential. However, their actual impact is unclear.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the self-reported use, expectations, and perceived impact of a Dutch online community care platform called Grubbenvorst-Online among Dutch older adults. The following 2 questions were studied: (1) What is the self-reported use of Grubbenvorst-Online among older adults? (2) What are their expectations and perceived impact of Grubbenvorst-Online regarding local participation, their social network, mutual informal caregiving, and feelings of connectedness?

METHODS

An observational pretest-posttest study was conducted. Participants were recruited via a web-based message on the Grubbenvorst-Online platform and data were collected via postal questionnaires among older users at the start of the study and 4 months later. Data regarding the expectations and the perceived impact of Grubbenvorst-Online were compared and tested.

RESULTS

Forty-seven Grubbenvorst-Online users with an average age of 74 years participated in this study. They were healthy, predominantly “internet-skilled,” and they found the internet important for maintaining social contacts. In general, the use of the online community care platform decreased during the 4-month follow-up period. The perceived impact of Grubbenvorst-Online was significantly lower than that expected regarding information provision (P=.003), seeking help from fellow villagers (P<.001), giving help to fellow villagers (P<.001), and consulting care or welfare services (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study indicate that online community care platforms perhaps do not provide enough “added value” in their current form. We suggest a new direction in which online community care platforms primarily support existing offline initiatives aimed at stimulating local participation, informal caregiving, and feelings of connectedness.
My Diabetes Coach, a Mobile App–Based Interactive Conversational Agent to Support Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Randomized Effectiveness-Implementation Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Gong Enying , Baptista Shaira , Russell Anthony , Scuffham Paul , Riddell Michaela , Speight Jane , Bird Dominique , Williams Emily , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Oldenburg Brian
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Delivering self-management support to people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is essential to reduce the health system burden and to empower people with the skills, knowledge, and confidence needed to take an active role in managing their own health.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the adoption, use, and effectiveness of the My Diabetes Coach (MDC) program, an app-based interactive embodied conversational agent, Laura, designed to support diabetes self-management in the home setting over 12 months.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial evaluated both the implementation and effectiveness of the MDC program. Adults with type 2 diabetes in Australia were recruited and randomized to the intervention arm (MDC) or the control arm (usual care). Program use was tracked over 12 months. Coprimary outcomes included changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months, and analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 187 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean 57 years, SD 10 years; 41.7% women) were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention (n=93) and control (n=94) arms. MDC program users (92/93 participants) completed 1942 chats with Laura, averaging 243 min (SD 212) per person over 12 months. Compared with baseline, the mean estimated HbA1c decreased in both arms at 12 months (intervention: 0.33% and control: 0.20%), but the net differences between the two arms in change of HbA1c (−0.04%, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.36; P=.83) was not statistically significant. At 12 months, HRQoL utility scores improved in the intervention arm, compared with the control arm (between-arm difference: 0.04, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.07; P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

The MDC program was successfully adopted and used by individuals with type 2 diabetes and significantly improved the users’ HRQoL. These findings suggest the potential for wider implementation of technology-enabled conversation-based programs for supporting diabetes self-management. Future studies should focus on strategies to maintain program usage and HbA1c improvement.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN) 12614001229662; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12614001229662
Identification of Problems and Needs When Designing an mHealth App for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women to Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: A Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Ching-Fang , Chi Li-Kang , Huang Jian-Pei , Lin Chen-Ju
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Overweight and obese women tend to gain excessive weight and have adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Despite the increasing number of health-related apps, there is still a lack of a user-based app to help prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and extend the longevity of the changes in behavior needed to maintain a woman’s optimal weight during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify the problems and needs for designing an mHealth app for obese and overweight pregnant women that they can continue to use to control their GWG.

METHODS

We used a qualitative interpretive approach and analytical induction to present the findings of three focus group sessions involving 13 overweight and obese pregnant women in Taipei, Taiwan. This study was conducted from July to October 2019.

RESULTS

Five problems and 10 needs were identified related to the use of an app to control overweight and obese women’s GWG. These problems were 1) an information gap, 2) a lack of support, 3) perceived complications of using the app(s), 4) easily forgetting the app(s), and 5) low motivation. The 10 main needs were 1) prenatal examination, 2) credible information, 3) short and easily understandable information, 4) a network community of peer support, 5) feedback from and interaction with healthcare providers, 6) a convenient and user-friendly interface, 7) goal-setting, 8) evaluation and tracking, 9) reminders, and 10) incentives for systematic celebrations and rewarding success.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study will help in the development of a user-based app that serves as a guide based on evidenced and informative practices.

CLINICALTRIAL

No
Substitution Model Distance Analysis for SARS-CoV-2 in China, USA, and Europe (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Hsiuying , Chen Yi-Hau
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus pandemic has been a wake-up call for the world. A dispute over the origin of SARS-CoV-2 has been raised. Study results showed that all SARS-CoV-2 sequences around the world sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019. Nevertheless, it is hard to reach conclusion regarding SARS-CoV-2 origin.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we compare the divergence of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the three areas, China, the USA, and Europe.

METHODS

We download SARS-CoV-2 sequences of China, USA, and Europe from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). To investigate the diversity of these sequences from these three areas, we apply 17 different nucleotide substitution models to compare the diversity of these SARS-CoV-2 sequences. In the three groups of SARS-CoV-2 sequences, we calculate the pairwise nucleotide substitution distance of any two sequences in each group and then compare the distances in these three groups.

RESULTS

The analyzed results are consistent in most of the 17 substitution models. The outcomes from 14 substitution models show that China has the lowest diversity, followed by Europe and lastly by the USA. For the other 3 models, in one model, China has the lowest diversity, followed by the USA and lastly by Europe; in another model, USA has the lowest diversity, followed by China and lastly by Europe, and in the last one model, Europe has the lowest diversity, followed by China and lastly by the USA.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we compare the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 samples from China, Europe, and the USA. Different substitution models were applied to analyze the data. Our outcome shows that China has the smallest mean distance value, followed by Europe and lastly by the USA, which consists with the virus transmission time order that SARS-CoV-2 starts in China, then outbreaks in Europe and finally in the USA.
Concerns About Information Regarding COVID-19 on the Internet: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Yusui , Xu Shuiyang , Wang Lei , Huang Yu , Xu Yue , Xu Yan , Lv Qiaohong , Wang Zhen , Wu Qingqing
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention have released COVID-19–related information to the public through various channels to raise their concern level of the pandemic, increase their knowledge of disease prevention, and ensure the uptake of proper preventive practices.

OBJECTIVE

Our objectives were to determine Chinese netizens’ concerns related to COVID-19 and the relationship between their concerns and information on the internet. We also aimed to elucidate the association between individuals’ levels of concern, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19.

METHODS

The questionnaire, which consisted of 15 closed-ended questions, was designed to investigate Chinese netizens’ knowledge about COVID-19. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit participants through Dingxiangyisheng WeChat (a public, medical, and health service platform in China) accounts. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.

RESULTS

In total, 10,304 respondents were surveyed on the internet (response rate=1.75%; 10,304/590,000). Nearly all (n=9803, 95.30%) participants were concerned about “confirmed cases” of COVID-19, and 87.70% (n=9036) received information about the outbreak through social media websites. There were significant differences in participants’ concerns by sex (P=.02), age (P<.001), educational attainment (P=.001), and occupation (P<.001). All knowledge questions and preventive practices were associated with concerns about COVID-19. The results of the multivariate logistic regression indicated that participants’ sex, educational attainment, occupation and employment status, knowledge acquisition, and concern level were significantly associated with the practice of proper preventive behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

This study elucidated Chinese netizens’ concerns, information sources, and preventive behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex, educational attainment, occupation and employment status, knowledge acquisition, and level of concern were key factors associated with proper preventive behaviors. This offers a theoretical basis for the government to provide targeted disease prevention and control information to the public.
Team Monitoring, Does it Matter for Team Performance? Moderating role of Team Monitoring on Team Psychological Safety and Team Learning
Authors: Budianto Tarman , Susanto Ely , Sitalaksmi Sari , Kismono Gugup
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The use of work teams is a strategy that allows organizations to move faster and more proactively. Team performance is an interesting issue that needs to be studied more extensively. Background Problems: Team psychological safety and team learning have a positive effect on team performance. But in some of the literature, psychological safety has also been shown to have a negative impact on teams when team monitoring is low. This research was conducted to investigate the moderation role of team monitoring and the influence of team learning and team psychological safety on team performance.  Novelty: This research contributes new insights related with team monitoring and its interaction to team learning and team psychological safety on team performance. Team psychological safety has been proven to be able to directly influence team performance indirectly through team learning, but we tested the two separately. Research Methods: This study involved 215 respondents who joined 38 teams. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis and bootstrap techniques. Findings: Team monitoring has been shown to have a moderate role in influencing team learning on team performance, but it has not been proven to influence team psychological safety on team performance. The learning and psychological safety of each team proved to have a direct effect on team performance. Conclusion: This paper can guide managers since, at a certain level team monitoring can improve team performance, but too much team monitoring actually has no effect on team performance. Managers need to consider team monitoring policies carefully, to optimizing team performance by managing team learning and building team psychological safety.
Menikmati Musik di Kehidupan Malam yang Gelap
Authors: Utama Nadia , Elhasni Fatima Gita
Published: May 2020

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Sociology of Moral Education: The Context of Nigeria
Authors: Jabaar Saheed Olanrewaju
Published: May 2020

For there to peace and harmony in a society, people have to conform to standards of behavior that conduce to social well - being. This necessitates teaching of the values and norms of society to the younger generation. The paper used the method of philosophical analysis to explore some sociological issues in moral education and some notable ethical theories that are related to moral education. The paper critically appraised the efficiency of social institutions such as the family, media, peer group, religions and formal educational institutions in fostering moral development of an individual in the contemporary Nigerian society. It is shown that variety of social relationships that exist within each of the institution of society in differing ways contribute to moral education of the child. The paper, however, underscored the unique place of the school system in moral education of individual and development of society. The paper prescribed that teachers of all subjects should contribute to the moral development of learners.
Strategies to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among School Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Himalowa Simon , Mweshi Margaret M. , Banda Martha , Frantz Jose , Kunda Richard
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide among school children thereby raising a public health concern.Aim: The aim of the review was to explore global literature concerning the various strategies utilised in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among school children and their efficacy.Methodology: A retrospective search of articles published from 2009 to 2019 was done. The following electronic databases; Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDRO, PubMed and Science Direct were individually searched using specifically developed search strategies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and by two independent reviewers.Results: Eleven studies of sound quality were included. The studies show that primary prevention of type 2 diabetes among school children is cardinal as children will grow up knowing about the disease and its consequences. The prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires various combinations of interventional program elements including dietary education/counselling, physical activity, diabetes knowledge, competence building, school, social and community support being considered concurrently. None of the studies identified was done in Africa.Conclusion: Findings concretise that healthy diets and exercise outcomes coupled with explicit programs are key to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention among school children.
Co-existing with COVID-19. Design for Resistance
Authors: Capua Alberto De , Errante Lidia , Palco Valentina
Published: May 2020

The paper investigates urban and domestic living and how these have been modified by the new needs, concerns and fears connected to the most recent global pandemic. The contribution highlights how urban and domestic dimensions are key elements of our existence and resistance. The topic is articulated in a twofold dimension: -          the urban scale of the city, which is continuing to function even during the emergency, allowing us to believe that the tools in our hands are capable of being used in a more flexible way, both from a political-based and a design-based perspective;-          the domestic sphere, whose connotations make the house versatile and flexible in the context of the progress and technological advancement that is now happening in the community and for this reason the space must meet the requirements of adaptability to operate perfectly even as a workplace. Eventually, the contribution defines the requirements for a resistant living, and the tools that will enable us to design resistant urban and domestic space.
A MERITOCRACIA NAS ORIENTAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS: CONVERGÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS PARA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Dos Santos Franciele Soares , Fiorese Gilmar , Comar Sueli Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do artigo é debater a meritocracia a partir das orientações dos organismos internacionais, buscando analisar a materialização desta categoria no contexto da educação escolar brasileira. Sinalizamos, primeiramente, o contexto de emergência do discurso meritocrático e suas categorias convergentes, que legam a educação a lógica do mercado. Num segundo momento, dando destaque ao papel do Movimento Todos pela Educação-TPE, debatemos a escola como lócus de efetivação da meritocracia. Como metodologia optamos pelo estudo bibliográfico referente ao assunto. Como resultado, espera-se a necessidade da compreensão da escola como um terreno de luta na perspectiva da construção de uma educação contra-hegemônica num momento de profundas injustiças sociais, falência moral e ética e porque não dizer, a dizimação do que mais importa no campo educacional: a formação humana na sua plenitude.
EXPERIÊNCIAS HETEROBIOGRÁFICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: De Andrade Francisco Ari , Paixão Erinelda da Costa , Ximenes Cristiane da Silva
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta heterobiografia de alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA, no atual contexto da educação brasileira. Heterobiografia é a ação formativa na promoção da ressignificação das experiências de vida dos sujeitos escolares, na medida em que se percebem no mundo na relação com o outro, tomando consciência de seu papel histórico. O corpus dessa pesquisa foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a discussão epistemológica da EJA. Na segunda, foi realizada uma atividade junto aos alunos em sala de aula da EJA, na qual cada um foi capaz de narrar o sentido da sua existência como sujeito social. Por amostragem, ao grupo de treze alunos, com idade média em torno de 35 anos, foi apresentado alguns contos biográficos. Em seguida, eles foram orientados a escrever suas histórias de vida. A partir dessa dinâmica em sala de aula, as narrativas geradas revelaram que a heterobiografia se constitui num elemento de construção de sentido, na qual os estudantes se percebem como sujeitos ao apreenderem as significações de suas experiências de vida.
A EDUCAÇÃO NAS TRILHAS DA HERMENÊUTICA FILOSÓFICA
Authors: Zambam Rodrigo Eder , Calloni Humberto
Published: May 2020

RESUMONa história da educação temos importantes correntes filosóficas que foram determinantes para a estruturação conceitual e direcionamento metodológico do que hoje entendemos por educação. Apesar de a educação não ser a preocupação primordial de Kant, há uma importante proposta de educação apresentando pistas para sua Filosofia Moral, em seu texto intitulado Sobre a Pedagogia. Em uma perspectiva, apresentaremos quatro conceitos que nos parecem relevantes para compreendermos sua teoria que objetiva a maioridade do ser humano como proposta central do iluminismo, a saber: disciplina, tornar-se culto, tornar-se prudente e cuidar da moralidade. Noutra leitura metodológica e conceitual, apresentaremos a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer como alternativa para a educação, afastando-se da racionalidade moderna. Destacamos o conceito de linguagem que traz o sentido da experiência vivida revelando nossa finitude. Afinal, é na relação com o outro que podemos experienciar uma educação que tenha no diálogo vivo um novo fazer pedagógico para além das restrições da racionalidade moderna.
Formação de professores na perspectiva da educação inclusiva: análise de currículos de licenciaturas em Ciências Biológicas, Química e Física
Authors: Bazon Fernanda Vilhena Mafra , Silva Gabriela Freitas Souza da
Published: May 2020

Na educação atual um dos temas que possui grande importância é a inclusão escolar e a formação de professores para atuar com a diversidade do alunado. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Química, Física e Ciências Biológicas das universidades federais da região Nordeste, no que tange à discussão da educação inclusiva. Foram analisados os currículos destas licenciaturas disponibilizados pelas universidades federais da região Nordeste por meio de três etapas. A primeira tratou da presença de disciplinas voltadas para a Educação Inclusiva. A segunda analisou a distribuição da carga horária dos cursos; e a terceira analisou as ementas das disciplinas. Nossos resultados mostram grande defasagem do currículo dos cursos de licenciatura quanto à formação voltada para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência e/ou necessidades educacionais especiais, mostrando a necessidade de se repensar os mesmos.
The impact of Nodes Distance on Wireless Energy Transfer System
Authors: Risma Pola , Dewi Tresna , Oktarina Yurni
Published: May 2020

Wireless energy transfer (WET) reemerges as the method for transmitting electric power without the necessity to deal with cable losses and an aesthetically pleasing environment. The problem with WET is how to maintain magnetic induction as the distance gets further. This paper investigates the impact of nodes distance on the WET system. The experimental results show that the most effective distance among transmitter, nodes, and receiver are 4 cm. The measurement is taken with and without load. The without load application give that for node 1; the results are 6 V, 110 mA, and 2.85 mT for voltage, current, and magnetic flux, respectively. At the application of 2 nodes, the voltage is 6.8 V, the current is 0.124 mA, and the magnetic flux is 3.83 mT, and at three nodes installation, it is 7 V, 134 mA, and 3.83 mT. During the application of 3-Watt and 5-Watt lamp, at 4 cm distance, the power received is 1.66 W and 3.66 W at 3-Watt and 5-Watt lamp for one node, 1.84 W, and 3.84 for two nodes, and 1.93 W and 3.93 for three nodes. The experimental results show that the transmitted signal can be prolonged by installing nodes. Even though this study shows that 4 cm is the most effective, it is possible to increase up to 20 cm to power a 3-Watt lamp and 5-Watt lamp.
La Minificción como Palimpsesto: La Literatura en el Contexto Escolar
Authors: Jurado Valencia Fabio
Published: May 2020

Quienes ejercemos la docencia en el campo de la literatura afrontamos el dilema de si la literatura y el arte, y aún la ciencia, son enseñables. El dilema nos lo ayudan a esclarecer los escritores mismos. Para Ortega y Gasset, por ejemplo, quien fuera maestro universitario, la labor que nos compromete es la de hacer sentir en los estudiantes la necesidad del acto de conocer a través de los textos. Sólo quien siente la necesidad de leer y estudiar, dice Ortega y Gasset, puede asignarle sentido a los mundos que se representan en los textos y si se construye sentido en ese proceso complejo del acto de leer es porque se ha logrado entrar al juego que presupone la interpretación. La interpretación a su vez es posible porque el lector pone en funcionamiento la máquina de las asociaciones cognitivas: comprendemos e interpretamos los textos a partir de la actualización de los saberes que hacen parte de nuestra Enciclopedia.

Así entonces, a la escuela le compromete hacer sentir en los estudiantes, y en uno mismo como maestro, la necesidad de saber cada día algo más, siempre a partir de lo que ya se sabe. Para lograrlo, la escuela y los maestros han de apostarle a diversas posibilidades y una de ellas es el trabajo con los textos breves y desde la pedagogía de proyectos. En este artículo proponemos trabajar con el texto literario de carácter breve; se trata de poner en diálogo a los textos de distintas épocas en un proceso que va del texto breve hacia el texto canónico. Le apostamos a la hipótesis según la cual desde el texto breve, como la minificción contemporánea, es posible hacer sentir la necesidad de conocer los orígenes de dichos textos, lo cual conduce al texto mayor. Le corresponde al maestro proponer los textos como si fuese un juego de cartas, en el que cada texto tiene un valor y cada jugador tiene que buscar el texto de mayor relevancia.
El Pensamiento de los Criollos en la Independencia de la Nueva Granada
Authors: Cacua Prada Antonio
Published: May 2020

En los “vastos, ricos y populosos dominios” que el imperio español mantenía en sus colonias de América, resonó hace doscientos años el grito de “Viva el Rey y muera el mal gobierno”.Llegó un momento en el cual los “criollos” americanos, hijos de españoles nacidos en América, no aguantaron más el cúmulo de impuestos, los abusos, las injusticias y la explotación a las cuales los españoles europeos o “chapetones” los tenían sometidos, y por eso decidieron desconocer a las autoridades ibéricas y proclamar su independencia y libertad.
La Propuesta de las Mediaciones Dialécticas del Curso Histórico. La Propuesta de Filosofía de la Historia Latinoamericana de Joaquín Sánchez Macgrégor
Authors: Mora Martínez Roberto
Published: May 2020

Abordamos la concepción de “dialéctica” que sustentó Joaquín Sánchez Macgrégor, que se desprende de su Filosofía de la historia latinoamericana. Exponemos su propuesta de  mediaciones dialécticas”, la cual es diferente a las nociones dialécticas de Hegel y Marx, sobre todo la de este último que ha dado origen a posturas que se denominan de izquierda, que postulan la revolución como el único medio de tomar el poder. Nuestro autor, también considera importante la necesidad de cambiar la situación social hoy día, pero considerando otras alternativas, otros ejemplos de beneficiar a la sociedad antes de provocar la violencia. Así, es el “Poder moral”, el factor de “mediación dialéctica”, el cual permitirá instalar en la mente de los seres humanos que no estamos divididos o separados en dos grupos irreconciliables (pobres y ricos).
Hacia una Filosofía Política de la Liberación: Genealogías de la Emancipación en los Escritos Periodísticos de Antonio Nariño
Authors: Baquero Sergio Ángel
Published: May 2020

Para Enrique Dussel el proyecto mundial de liberación debe tomar como punto de partida la deconstrucción del mito de la modernidad. Por esta razón se debe dejar a un lado el proyecto de realización habermasiano y se debe emprender un camino hacia la transmodernidad. Pero uno de los rasgos distintivos de esta transmodernidad es precisamente reconocer que la modernidad no se inaugura con la ilustración sino con el descubrimiento de América. De manera que un proyecto político de liberación debe tomar como punto de partida el descubrimiento y no la ilustración, pues no se parte de la emancipación de la inmadurez, sino de la dominación. Así que, el presente artículo se propone indagar por el pensamiento político de Antonio Nariño desde sus artículos periodísticos, buscando determinar si reivindicaciones como la libertad de imprenta o la Declaración de los derechos del hombre y del ciudadano pueden subsumirse en este proyecto de liberación.
Visiones Latinoamericanistas en Torno a la Interculturalidad
Authors: Reding Blase Sofía
Published: May 2020

En esta ponencia se presentarán algunas posiciones de cara a la necesidad de establecer relaciones interculturales que se ubiquen más allá de los posicionamientos teóricos que reducen el fenómeno de la diversidad cultural al multiculturalismo, pues éste favorece el contraste pero no el entrecruzamiento, y se establecen relaciones de hegemonía y subalternidad. Esta situación impide objetivamente la realización de los derechos humanos y trae consigo conflictos sumamente graves derivados de la exclusión
Resistencias, Reivindicaciones y Reorganización: El Rol de las Comunidades Indígenas en los Casos de Colombia y México
Authors: Hurtado Vera Guido Germán
Published: May 2020

El final de siglo XX, en el contexto de América Latina, ha sido el inicio de algunos cambios importantes y significativos para el desarrollo de la democracia; entre ellos: la participación ciudadana en los acontecimientos sociopolíticos, los avances y logros en la lucha por el respeto de los derechos humanos y la construcción de espacios públicos para el debate de lo público. Al igual que en la redefinición de la noción de ciudadanía y en el incremento notable de movimientos sociales, que han ido creando un imaginario colectivo que sitúa la perspectiva de la democracia más allá de elecciones libres y legales. Un claro ejemplo de lo último es la acción colectiva de los grupos indígenas de la región. Por sus movilizaciones masivas y actos de resistencia civil, han logrado cambios importantes para el bienestar de sus comunidades. Su éxito muestra claramente el alto grado de cohesión social existente cuando un grupo social se une, se organiza, trabaja con coraje, creatividad y constancia en contra de las limitaciones que imponen hoy los Estados modernos.

Este escrito pretende mostrar y considerar, de manera sucinta, tales acciones y resultados a través de las experiencias de las comunidades indígenas de Colombia y México, dos países que han experimentado incrementos considerables de la participación ciudadana a finales del siglo XX.
A STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN CARALLUMA QUADRANGULA
Authors: Al-Mahweety Jamal A. N. , Azzam Sadeq HS , Alyahawi Ali
Published: May 2020

Objectives:  Caralluma belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, native to the Indian sub-continent have different medicinal properties and used in folk medicine as remedies to treat wide variety of diseases and health conditions.
Objective of present study was to isolate, analyze and identify the phytochemicals composition from steam of Caralluma  quadrangula.
Methods:  Extractions of the chemical components was carried out by different chromatographic techniques. The phytochemical characterizations were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
Results:  The quantitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of three compounds, Glochidonol (5gm), Dihydroxy-14-pregn-5-en-20-one (9.8gm), Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (7.8gm) and Stigmasterol (5.7 mg). Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one, report from Caralluma  quadrangula stem as first time.    
Conclusion:  The present study is strengthen for the discovery three pure chemical compounds from C. quadrangula.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 April 2019; Revised 22 April; Accepted 7 May, Available online 15 May 2020
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Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Ahmad Najib
Affiliation: Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
E-mail: ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
 
Name: Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas
Affiliation: Al-Azhar University, Egypt
E-mail: hsam8406@yahoo.com
Comments of reviewer(s):

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