bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression among Iranian patients with myasthenia gravis during 2017-2018
Authors: Amani Kiana , Sarraf Payam , Abkhoo Alireza , Tafakhori Abbas , Fatehi Farzad , Bitarafan Sama , Agah Elmira , Shariat Mamak
Published: February 2021

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic neuromuscular disease, which physically and mentally affects the patient’s life, with depression being one of the most important psychological complications in these patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors in a group of Iranian patients with MG.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which consecutive patients diagnosed with MG who referred to two referral neuromuscular clinics affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated for eligibility. Patients with a previously known psychiatric disorder and those with a family history of mental disorders were excluded. Eligible patients were interviewed and screened for depression through the administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Iranian version of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).
Results: A total of 62 patients participated in this study. The total prevalence of depression according to the HDRS and BDI-II scores was 64.5% and 53.2%, respectively. The mild depression was the most frequent level of depression based on the HDRS (33.9%) and BDI-II (22.6%) scores. None of the variables, including age, sex, duration of the disease, and dosages of prednisolone, pyridostigmine, and azathioprine, were correlated with the severity of depression. The number of academic years was the only variable associated with the lower HDRS score (P = 0.037).
Conclusion: Based on the current findings, depression was common among Iranian patients with MG. The severity of depressive symptoms was unrelated to age, sex, marital status, duration of the disease, the daily dosage of medications, and thymectomy status. Further investigations are needed to reveal the exact burden of depression in patients with MG and address the importance of preventive interventions for improving the quality of life (QOL) in these patients.
Assessment of cognitive functions and related risk factors in Iranian patients with generalized epilepsy as compared to patients with non-epileptic neurological disorders
Authors: Masoudian Nooshin , Moradpour Miad , Samaei Afshin , Ehsani Fatemeh , Ziari Abbas
Published: February 2021

Background: The cognitive impairment in patients with generalized epilepsy may affect their social efficiency and quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to determine the cognitive dysfunction and related risk factors in patients with generalized epilepsy as compared to patients with non-epileptic neurological disorders.
Methods: In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, the cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test in 62 patients with generalized epilepsy and also 62 patients with non-epileptic neurological diseases who referred to the Neurology Clinic, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. The relationship between cognitive impairment and related risk factors was also investigated. The data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The mean score of MoCA in the patients with generalized epilepsy and the control group was 22.80 ± 4.14 and 26.48 ± 2.85, respectively (P < 0.050). The results indicated significantly lower MoCA scores in the epileptic group rather than the non-epileptic one (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between MoCA score and age, education level, living place, the dose and rate of medicines, and the number of seizures in patients with epilepsy (P < 0.001). Gender and the duration of disease had no significant effects on the cognitive impairment of patients with epilepsy (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with epilepsy had a significant cognitive impairment as compared to the patients with non-epileptic neurological disorders. Age, education level, living place, the dose and rate of medicines, and the number of seizures were the risk factors of cognitive impairment in the patients with epilepsy, while duration of disease and gender had no effects on the intensity of cognitive deficits.
Bioinformatic Prediction and Production of Four Recombinant Proteins from Different Developmental Stages of Trichinella spiralis and Testing of Their Diagnostic Sensitivity in Mice
Authors: ZHAI Cheng-Cheng , LIU Xiao-Lei , BAI Xue- , JIA Ze-Jun , CHEN Shao-Hong , TIAN LiGuang , AI Lin , TANG Bin , LIU Ming-Yuan , WU Xiu-Ping , CHEN Jia-Xu
Published: February 2021

Background: Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis, thus finding high quality antigens is the key to serodiagnosis of trichinosis. This article reports the characterization and sensitivity of four recombinant proteins expressed by four genes (Wn10, Zh68, T668, and Wm5) from different developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis for the diagnosis of trichinellosis in mice.
Methods: This study was conducted in Jilin University and National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. The structures and functions of the proteins encoded by four genes were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The four genes were cloned and expressed, and the recombinant proteins were purified. Anti-Trichinella IgM and IgG antibodies in the sera of mice infected with T. spiralis from 1-45 d post-infection (dpi) were evaluated by ELISA.
Results: The optimal antigen epitopes of four proteins (P1, P2, P3, and P4) encoded by the four genes from T- and B-cells were predicted, and four purified recombinant proteins (r-P1, r-P2, r-P3, and r-P4) were successfully produced. For IgM, the antibody levels detected by the four recombinant antigens were approximately equal to the cut-off value. Anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies were first detected by r-P1 at 8 dpi, followed by r-P2, r-P3, and r-P4 at 10 dpi, 14 dpi, and 16 dpi, respectively, and the antibody levels remained high until 45 dpi.
Conclusion: The recombinant antigens r-P1, r-P2, r-P3, and r-P4 could be antigens that react with antibodies, they showed high sensitivity in the detection of anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in mice. Among these proteins, r-P1 may be a candidate antigen for the detection of anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in the early infection phase and exhibited the best sensitivity among the antigens.
An updated systematic review on the effectivity of clear aligner therapy
Authors: Mortazavi Mahsa , Naeim Mana , Badri Amirali , Sharifi Reza , Hasheminasab Mahboube
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Several studies have evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of Orthodonthic aligners however, the results are still uncertain. In the current study, we aimed to systematically review the literature and provide updates on the efficacy and effectivity of orthodontic therapy using aligners.
Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register databases were systematically searched for relevant literature up to December 2020. All studies reporting aligner therapy in management of dental misalignment were included. The quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) criteria and Jadad scale for randomized controlled trials.
Results: Of the initial 550 articles, 18 studies were ultimately included representing a total of 637 patients who were treated with clear aligners. Of the 18 studies, 15 had a retrospective design, one was an observational study, one was conducted as a prospective clinical trial,  and one study was a randomized controlled trial. Due to the design and methodology of the studies the quality assessment revealed a high risk of bias. Significant diversity among the outcomes of the studies was observed; however, an underlying consistency was detected within the included studies with regards to the effectivity of aligner therapy in alignment of the anterior teeth, while the pretreatment predictive rates were not significantly different to treatment outcomes. In addition, despite comparable treatment outcomes between aligner therapy and conventional appliance technique, aligner therapy resulted in increased rates of patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: Aligner therapy seems to be a viable alternative to conventional orthodontic therapy for correction of mild to moderate malocclusions in non-growing nonextraction patients. However, it should be taken into consideration that due to the high risk of bias, results should be interpreted with caution.
Role of computer assisted designed and manufactured surgical guide in minimizing inferior alveolar nerve injury during sagittal split ramus osteotomy
Authors: Abbas Amir Jalal , Azari Abbas , Momeni Mehrnoush , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Megersa Gema Shimelis
Published: February 2021

Background: The surgical guide enabled the surgeon to accurately perform osteotomy, mini- mize iatrogenic injury to vital structure in vicinity to osteotomy and moving the bony segments to desired position exactly as planned during computer simulation. The purpose of this study is assess the role of computer assisted designed and manufactured surgical guide in minimizing inferior alveolar nerve injury during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO).
Materials and Methods: A prospective double blind, randomized controlled, clinical trial is designed to assess role of computer assisted designed and manufactured surgical guide in min- imizing inferior alveolar nerve injury during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). We had two study group, the side of mandibular ramus that were treated by conventional SSRO (can be right or left) and the side that was treated using the computer designed and manufactured surgical guideof same patient (can be right or left side). For every patient the side of mandibular and osteotomy technique was selected by simple random sampling technique (double coin tossing). The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25 (statistics package for social sciences, Chicago. IL). Statistical significance threshold was set to 0.05 (p-value<0.05).
Result: The study population consisted of 10 subjects undergoing SSRO (Sagittal split ramus osteotomy). Seven (70%) were female and three were male. Their mean (±SD) age was 22.4±3024 yrs., range 16 to 27. The mean (±SD) duration of osteotomy on surgical guide assisted SSRO side was 37.2±4.83 and for conventional SSRO side it was 28.2±4.10 and the difference is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Using CAD/CAM surgical guide for SSRO has no significant difference with con- ventional osteotomy technique regarding minimizing the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve inju- ries that occurs intraoperatively.
Intraoperative awareness during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: ŞEN Ozan , KARACA Fatih Can , ZENGİN Seniyye , TÜRKÇAPAR Ahmet
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of intraoperative awereness (IA) in our patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and the factors affecting the formation of this complication.
Methods: Four hundred ten patients who underwent LSG between March 2018 and September 2020 were included in the study. By April 2019, we started using the Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring, which measures the depth of anesthesia in all of our LSG cases (n = 167). Patients with and without BIS monitorization were divided into two groups and compared.
Results: In our series, IA was seen in 3 patients (2 males) in two different hospitals (0.7%; n = 410). They were all in the non BIS group (n = 243). The median duration of anesthesia was 120 minutes (ranging 90-180) in the non-BIS, and 113 minutes (ranging, 90-140) in the BIS group (p < 0.001). Hypotension developed in 63 patients in non-BIS and 12 patients in BIS group at the beginning of the operation (< 90/60 mm Hg). The total remifentanil infusion dose administered during the anesthesia period in the BIS group was 1310 ± 351 mcg, and 1330 ± 270 mcg in the non BIS group (p = 0.002). The effect of BIS monitorization between groups on IA, did not show statistical significance (p = 0.27).
Conclusions: Anesthesia techniques that work well for patients with normal weight may not be safe and appropriate for obese patients. Especially in patients with intraoperative hypotension, it is necessary to be more careful about dose adjustment of anesthetic drugs.
Examining EFL students’ pluricultural and plurilingual development during intercultural virtual exchanges between Colombia and Germany
Authors: Gruber Alice , Bailey Angela C
Published: February 2021

This study examined intermediate students English as a foreign language (EFL) perception of their plurilingual and pluricultural competence, via online interaction and mediation through a virtual exchange project. Virtual exchanges are a means for inter- and intracultural development, language proficiency, and personal growth and transformation. Results of pre- and post-project questionnaires, as well as surveys, show shifts in cultural knowledge construction, adaptation to novel social co-participation situations, and recognition of the need for cultural awareness. Pedagogical implications for both the classroom and the implementation of virtual exchange projects are discussed.
Digital Rights in Closing Civic Space: Lessons from Ten African Countries
Authors: Roberts Tony
Published: February 2021

This report introduces findings from ten digital rights landscape country reports on Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, Sudan, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Cameroon. They analyse how the openings and closings of online civic space affect citizens’ digital rights. They show that: (1) when civic space closes offline citizens often respond by opening civic space online; (2) when civic space opens online governments often take measures to close online space; and (3) the resulting reduction in digital rights makes it impossible to achieve the kind of inclusive governance defined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We know far more about openings and closings of online civic space in the global North than we do in the global South. What little we do know about Africa is mainly about a single country, a single event, or single technology. For the first time, these reports make possible a comparative analysis of openings and closings of online civic space in Africa. They document 65 examples of the use of digital technologies to open online civic space and 115 examples of techniques used to close online civic space. The five tactics used most often to close online civic space in Africa are digital surveillance, disinformation, internet shutdowns, legislation, and arrests for online speech. The reports show clearly that any comprehensive analysis of digital rights requires consideration of the wider political, civic space, and technological contexts. We argue that countering the threats to democracy and digital rights discussed in the reports requires new evidence, awareness, and capacity. We propose applied research to build capacity in each country to effectively monitor, analyse, and counter the insidious impact of surveillance and disinformation; and a programme to raise awareness and mobilise opinion to open civic space and improve citizens’ ability to exercise, defend, and expand their digital rights.
Advances in understanding cognition and learning in cattle
Authors:   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, Rørvang Maria Vilain , Nawroth Christian ,   Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Germany
Published: February 2021

Understanding the cognitive capacities of cattle is central when designing husbandry environments and developing handling regimes. This chapter outlines the current knowledge on cattle learning and cognition, with special emphasis on their socio-cognitive capacities. Cattle easily learn features and spatial cues and can remember these for a long period of time. They are also highly trainable and can be taught complex tasks. While there is a gap in knowledge of how cattle recognise the physical properties of their environment, there is a good understanding about their social discrimination and recognition skills, all of which are of high relevance for maintaining group cohesion. Applied research should focus on how husbandry environments and daily management routines can be adapted to foster cattle’s cognitive development. By using their cognitive capacities in the conceptualisation of handling regimes, we may further ensure a safer work environment for handlers whilst at the same time safeguard the welfare of the animals.
Advances in understanding pain and stress in cows
Authors:   Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), UK, Rutherford Kenneth M. D. , Haskell Marie J. ,   Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), UK
Published: February 2021

This chapter provides definitions of pain and stress, particularly focusing on the issue that 'stress' as a stand-alone generic term may not be helpful in terms of advancing our understanding of the impact of animal management on animal welfare. For cattle, as for other animals managed by humans, it is necessary to consider the source of 'stress' and to consider the general and specific animal responses to different contexts and events. It outlines the standard methods of assessing pain and stress, then presents a number of new methods that are being used to assess the experiential aspects, explains their theoretical background and how they allow us to gain a better understanding of the experience of pain and stress in cattle than previous methods with respect to the major sources of pain and stress. Finally, the chapter provides a case study describing a situation where these approaches have led to clear recent improvements in practice that are having real benefits for animals under commercial management.
Developing effective welfare measures for cattle
Authors:   University of Kassel, Germany, Knierim Ute , Winckler Christoph ,   University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria, Mounier Luc ,   Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, France, Veissier Isabelle ,   Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, France
Published: February 2021

This chapter focuses on the performance characteristics a welfare measure should possess in order to be considered valid for the assessment of animal welfare. It presents a choice of validation measures that can be used to assess the welfare of cattle and discusses ways they can be collected in practice. The chapter also presents the various definitions of animal welfare and how these definitions can affect the measures that are chosen.
Advances in understanding the needs and improving the welfare of transition dairy cows
Authors:   University of British Columbia, Canada, Lomb Julia , Proudfoot Kathryn L. ,   University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Published: February 2021

One of the most challenging time periods in a dairy cow’s life is when she gives birth and transitions into lactation (the ‘transition’ period). This chapter reviews the latest research assessing the welfare of transition cows. The chapter begins by focusing on the biological health of dairy cows before and after giving birth, as cows are at high risk of disease post-calving. It then goes on to discuss the affective states of transition dairy dairy cows, including pain associated with labor and disease. Finally, the chapter concludes by assessing the natural maternal behavior of cows before calving through a case study.
ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA PEMBUATAN BATIK DI PERUSAHAAN TATSAKA CLURING BANYUWANGI SEBAGAI LEMBAR KERJA SISWA
Authors: Farida Yuli , Susanto Susanto , Setiawan Toto' Bara
Published: February 2021

Ethnomatematics is a science used to understand how mathematics is adapted from a culture. The purpose of this study is to dig ethnomatematics on the making of batik tulis Kangkung Setingkes and create a student worksheet in accordance with the curriculum 2013. This type of research is qualitative with ethnographic approaches. The subject in this study amounted to seven people. Data Collection using observation methods, interviews, and documentation. Data collection results are analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis of data from the observation and interviews, obtained ethnomatematics in the process of making batik in the Setingkes Kangkung. The meaning of Ethnomatematics is the concept of algebraic and geometric concepts. Algebraic concepts include counting, measuring, and masing and geometry concepts, such as point, line, angle, construction, congruation, and Geometry transformation (translation, rotation, reflection, dilation). Ethnomatematics in this study were made as student worksheets for class VII of comparative material and the XI class of geometry transformation material.
PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA ALIRAN DARAH PADA PEMBULUH DARAH ARTERI DAN VENA PADA KELAINAN JANTUNG SINGLE VENTRICLE
Authors: Pradina Mutia Aris
Published: February 2021

Single ventricle is a heart defect in which one of the ventricle does not developed and bother the  blood flow. One of the solutions is fontan surgery.  The result of Fontan surgery allows the blood flowing in veins that initially lead to the heart change into the arteries. Because of these changes, there are possibility of swelling and velocity change of blood flowing. This research constructed a mathematical model of blood flowing velocity in arteries and veins due to a single ventricle heart defect that was formed from the momentum and mass equation, which was influenced by the diameter of venous vessel and blood viscosity. The analysis of the blood flow velocity in arteries and veins due to single ventricle heart defect was simulated by MATLAB and FLUENT software. The factors observed were the effect of venous diameter and blood viscosity on the velocity of blood flow in the veins. The result indicated that the greater diameter of the vein, the smaller the flow velocity in the vein. The greater blood viscosity resulted the smaller flow velocity in arteries and veins.
Profile of Students' Mathematical Communication Skills in Solving Three-variable Linear Equation Systems Problems Assessed from Extroversion and Introversion Types of Personalities
Authors: Halima Nur
Published: February 2021

One of the goals of learning mathematics is learning to communicate (mathematical communication). Mathematical communication skills are useful in gaining a better understanding of mathematics and a longer memory of learning mathematics. There are differences in communicating ideas, one of which is caused by differences in personality types. The personality types referred to in this study are extrovert and introvert personality types. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to describe the profile of the extrovert and introvert students’ mathematical communication skills in solving the Three-Variable Linear Equation System question. This research was conducted in MAN 2 Jember and the research subject were all students of class X IPA 1. The data collection method used questionnaires and tests. The instruments used were personality type questionnaires, written test question, oral test question, and assessment rubrics. Based on the result of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that in general extrovert students and introvert students have similiarities and differences in written mathematical communication skills, namely extrovert students and introvert students alike can write down the information known from the questions, the type of methods to be used to solve the question, and use mathematical symbols. The differences is that introvert students can written down the steps for completion and conclusions, but not for extrovert students, this is because extrovert students end a job even though they have not found a solution. In analyzing a job, introvert students tend to take a long time, are more thorough, rushed, and give up easily in completing work. In general, it can be concluded that extrovert and introvert students can explain mathematical models from known information, state the type of methods to be used to solve problems, and used mathematical symbols. The difference is that extrovert students can explain the completion steps but not introvert students, this is because introvert students are hesitant and pessimistic, so they say cannot explain the completion steps even they not tried it.
Memórias póstumas da fábrica premol
Authors: Melo Alcilia Afonso de Albuquerque , Pereira Ivanilson Santos
Published: February 2021

O artigo trata sobre o resgate do patrimônio industrial da fábrica Premol Indústria e Comércio S.A, voltada para a produção de pré-moldados em concreto na cidade de Campina Grande, localizada na região Agreste, na Serra da Borborema da Paraíba, nordeste brasileiro. O objetivo é salvaguardar a memória e importância desse acervo para a compreensão da produção arquitetônica local, onde se observou o uso constante de peças pré-moldadas em concreto em várias obras; assim como, trazer à tona nessa discussão a contribuição acadêmica, ao inserir a cidade de Campina Grande na discussão de patrimônio industrial nacional. A justificativa deste trabalho leva em consideração que a presença da fábrica da Premol- considerada na época, como uma das maiores produtoras de elementos pré-fabricados da cidade, do estado e da região, pouco foi explorada em artigos ligados ao patrimônio industrial brasileiro. Como metodologia, se baseia em uma linha de investigação proposta por Serra (2006) que trabalha com a relação entre o processo e o sistema que o circunda.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI SISWA SMP
Authors: Santoso Kusnan Budi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika melalui pendekatan kontekstual siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Hatungun Kabupaten Tapin. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Hatungun Kabupaten Tapin sebanyak 17 orang yang terdiri atas sepuluh orang laki-laki dan tujuh orang perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes dan dokumentasi serta hasilnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dan aktivitas guru dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran juga kategori baik.   Kata kunci: pendekatan kontekstual, prestasi belajar, matematika. Abstract: This study aims to improve mathematics learning achievement through the contextual approach of eight grade students of SMPN 1 Hatungun, Tapin Regency. This type of research is a classroom action research with two cycles. The subjects of this study were 17 students, consisting of ten boys and seven girls. The data collection techniques used were tests and documentation and the results were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. Other results indicate that student activities in the learning process and teacher activities in learning management are also in good category. Keywords: contextual approach, learning achievement, mathematics.
Pengaruh Biochar Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Mikoriza Arbuskular terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Hiyung (Capsicum Frustescens L.) pada Tanah Ultisol
Authors: Saputri Bella , Sofyan Antar , Wahdah Rabiatul
Published: February 2021

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescent L.) merupakan salah satu komoditi hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomis untuk dikembangkan dalam usaha tani. Cabai hiyung merupakan cabai rawit lokal dari desa Hiyung Kecamatan Tapin Tengah Kabupaten Tapin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Cabai hiyung memiliki tingkat kepedasan yang tinggi dengan kadar capcaisin yang mencapai 94.500 ppm. Tanah ultisol memiliki pH rendah (masam) berkisar antara 4,5-5,3 menyebabkan Al, Fe, Mn tinggi, fiksasi P dan aktivitas mikroba serta kandungan bahan organik (K, Ca, Mg, dan Cu) rendah, bahan organik mudah tererosi, flora fauna yang menguntungkan tidak aktif.  Salah satu upaya dalam mengurangi kendala budidaya pada tanah utisol ini adalah dengan menggunakan biochar tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan mikoriza arbuskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi biochar TKKS dan mikoriza arbusular yang diaplikasikan di pertanaman cabai hiyung terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai hiyung pada tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan masing masing empat perlakuan yaitu, mikoriza (M) M0 : kontrol, M1 : 20 g/polybag, M2 : 40 g/polybag, M3 : 60 g/polybag. Biochar (B) B0 : kontrol, B1 : 150 g/polybag, B2 : 300 g/polybag, B3 : 450 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar TKKS dan mikoriza arbuskular berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah bunga pertama, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang akar dan volume akar tanaman cabai hiyung, Perlakuan terbaik adalah perlakuan M1B1 yaitu 20 g/polybag Mikoriza dan 150 g/polybag Biochar tandankosong kelapa sawit.
Pemberian Arang Aktif Dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Penyerapan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) Dan Tembaga (Cu) Pada Air Asam Tambang
Authors: Noor Irwansyah , Priatmadi Bambang Joko , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Kissinger Kissinger
Published: February 2021

One of the solutions for solving the acid mine drainage problem of heavy metal like cadmium (Cd) and cooper (Cu) is by using activated charcoal from palm oil shell and activating H3PO4 to enlarge pores of charcoal surface, then it can adsorp maximum amount of heavy metal. The purposes of this research are for analyzing the characteristic of activated charcoal from palm oil shell by activating H3PO4, analyzing the effect of applicated charcoal with or without activating H3PO4 for heavy metal like Cd, Cu and pH in acid mine drainage, and analyzing the variations of the most effective dose of heavy metal adsorption like Cd, Cu and pH enhancement. This research using the experiment method for testing the ability of activated charcoal from palm oil shell for cadmium (Cd) and cooper (Cu) heavy metal adsorption in acid mine drainage using Completely Randomized Design Non Factorial using one factor of treatment and difference of activated charcoal doses are 5 g, 10 g, 20 g dan 30 g with three times of repetitions. The result of this research showing that the characteristic of charcoal from palm oil shell can be used as an ingredient for making the activated charcoal that fulfill the quality of activated charcoal accordance with the standart of SNI 06-3730-95, the application of activated charcoal from palm oil shell by activating H3PO4 which iseffected for Cd and Cu heavy metal and pH of acid mine drainage, the application of activated charcoal from palm oil shell with or without activating H3PO4 is effected for pH of acid mine drainage with a little difference that activated charcoal has better result than the unactivated charcoal, and the most effective dose of variations of activated charcoal by using H3PO4 is 5 g for adsorpting Cd and Cu and the most effective dose for enhancing pH is 30 g.
Kontribusi Bank Sampah Terhadap Pengurangan Dan Pengumpulan Sampah
Authors: Kurniawan Jodi , Vebrianto Rian
Published: February 2021

This activity aims to determine : the magnetude of the influence of waste banks on the healthand cleanliness of the community’s environment. The method of activity used is the location survey. From the results of the activity, it can be seen that the final waste disposal site is 14.6 million tons/year, compost is 2.2 million tons/year, 1.8 million tons/year is burned, and enviromental watr dumped is around 1.6 million tons/year. So it can be concluded that the contribution of the garbage bank can be developed is worth reducing waste in Indonesia.
Aplikasi Limbah Padat Karet Remah Pada Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning Terhadap Ketersediaan Hara Makro Dan Perbaikan Sifat Fisika Tanah
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Helmy , Aldi Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The chemical properties of Podsolic Red-Yellow soil have pH is very acidic to slightly acidic, low to moderate percentage of C-organic, low to moderate P, and low status of K, Ca, Mg, Na, and other saturation of bases. Also, the physical characteristics of the Red-Yellow Podsolic soil show a distinctive characteristic, as bulk density soil index of 1.30 - 1.50 g.cm-3, with low water absorption. The chemical and physical properties are bad enough to make Red-Yellow Podsolic soil have a low ability to provide macronutrients needed by plants. Organic matter is proven to be able to control nutrient availability in mineral soils. The potentials for organic material that has been completely decomposed is crumb rubber solid waste. The use of crumb rubber solid waste material as organic material is expected to be able to influence the availability of macronutrients and improve the physical characteristics of the Podsolic Red-Yellow soil. This study aims to find differences in the availability of NH4+ NO3-, H2PO4-, K-exchangeable, C-organic and to compare the treatments that produce the best index of soil bulk density, increase the percentage of water content, and determine the soil temperature of Red-Yellow Podsolic with the application of crumb rubber solid waste with difference level, statistical test with through the index of mean difference Tukey’s test on level α 5%. In this research it was concluded that the application of crumb rubber solid waste could increase soil pH, provide levels of NH4+, NO3-, H2PO4, K-exchangeable, C-organic and reduce soil bulk density index, increase water content and soil temperature compared to not using crumb rubber solid waste. PCr3 treatment showed the highest yield at pH, NH4+, H2PO4, C-organic and increased water content, but it was not significantly different than PCr2 treatment, whereas PCr2 was significantly different from PCr3 in providing NO3-, K-exchangeable.
Kepadatan Dan Keragaman Kepiting Di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Pagatan Besar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzan Nahri , Soendjoto Mochamad Arief , Zaini Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Data on crab species in the Mangrove Ecotourism Area Pagatan Besar Village, Tanah Laut Regency is not yet available. The purpose of this study was to describe the species of crab in the mangrove ecotourism area and explain its density and diversity. Three walkways that are made of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwagery) with a width of about 1.5 m and a length of about 100 m stretch about 1.5 m above the mud surface. The three wooden walkways were used to observe species and count the number of crab individuals found in the sample plots. For each wooden walkway, there were 6 (1 m x 1 m) plots on the left and 6 (1 m x 1 m ) plots on the right. The distance between plots from the land to the sea was 20 m. Seven crab species are described. Two of them are crabs that are active at night. All crab species become denser along with the qualitative existence of mangrove forests and their shade to the environment and the substrate below. On the other hand, species diversity is thought to be influenced by the type of substrate (clay and sandy loam) and exposure by sunlight.
Skarifikasi Awal Dan Penambahan Beberapa Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Untuk Percepatan Perkecambahan Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis moonianna Thw)
Authors: Romdyah Neneng Laila , Riniarti Melya , Asmarahman Ceng , Yuwono Slamet Budi
Published: February 2021

Scarification was the destruction of the seed coat to  softening seed coat and  became permeable to water and gas. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best scarification techniques, types of growth regulatory substances and the combination of scarification treatments and addition of growth regulatory substances to accelerate the germination of Pericopsis mooniana seeds. The study was conducted using factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the scarification technique, with hot water, and broken the seed skin. The second factor  was the addition of growth regulatory substances (coconut water and, bamboo shoots) shoot water and artificial growth regulatory substances  Dates analyzed with variance and continued with the tukey test at 5% level. The results showed that the scarification technique by broken seed skin significant differences in the percentage of sprouts, germination, average days of germination, vigor index, number of leaves, and seedling height. The addition of  growth regulatory substances did not show a significant difference in all observed variables.
Permasalahan Waktu Dari Akses Air Minum Masyarakat
Authors: Sarah Siti
Published: February 2021

In accordance with the goal of universal water access in the SDGs goal, the need for water access for all the time taken to collect water is relatively long. in 2015 around 26.3% of the world's population did not have access to adequate water, because they had to go to a water source, queue, fill water, and bring it home. this study illustrates the effect of adding 30 minutes to monitor access to drinking water, 17 countries studied with the subject being household. The proportion of the population with access decreased by an average of 13% for these 17 countries when time was added to be increased and classification was not improved.
Analisis Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Perifiton Rawa Bangkau Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Dharmaji Deddy , Asmawi Suhaili , Yunandar Yunandar , Kurniawan Rio Rizky
Published: February 2021

Periphyton group are biota communities that be able adapt and grow well in lentic waters. Their habits are adhere to a permanent location. Aquatic vegetation in Bangkau can influenced the periphyton abundance and diversity as natural food in the food chain. The purpose of this study was to analyzed abundance and diversity of Periphyton from different aquatic vegetation. The research was conducted in three stations by purposive sampling. The method used was quantitative explored. The data that has been taken were epiphythic periphyton samples. Periphyton sampling procedures, preservation, and analysis were carried out based on Indonesian National Standard methods. Bangkau’s peatland had the highest abundance of phytoplankton-periphyton (9982 sel/liter) in inlet, but low at middle station (778 sel/liter). Zooplankton-periphyton (553 sel/liter) in middle station was the highest abundance whereas in outlet station (153 sel/liter) was the lowest. Bacillariophyceae had predominant and always attendanced Oscillatoria, Closterium, Planktonella, Diatom, meanwhile zooplankton-periphyton dominated Ciliophora in all stations and sampling. Diversity index of phytoplankton-periphyton in inlet station (1,55) was the highest and in inlet (0,77) was the lowest. Zooplankton-periphyton in middle (1,76) and outlet (0,94) was different based on Shannon wiener’s Index. The abundance index of Bangkau were mesotrophic categorized for phytoplankton-periphyton and oligotrophic for zooplankton-periphyton. Due to the low level of species diversity (H’≤ 3) showed moderate stability and for the water quality conditions was moderate polluted.
Global Competitiveness of the US Manufacturing
Authors: Varnavskii V.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the current state and prospects of the US manufacturing sector. Economic and technologies reasons for weakening US positions in global manufacturing are discussed. It is shown that the USA is facing a long term global competitiveness problems in manufacturing, not just a cyclical downturn. A number of disturbing trends in USA manufacturing emerged well before the global crisis of 2008, pointing to its structural problems. During the recessions that began in 2001, and then with greater intensity in 2008, US manufacturing sector was dramatically affected, losing investment and millions of workplaces, facing greater import competition. Despite the rise in the value of US exports in recent decades, the US share of global exports of manufactured goods declined. Special attention is paid to the situation in the area of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries and advanced technology products. Mass migration of US manufacturing facilities to countries with lower taxes and wages has eroded the domestic capabilities of high-quality, cost-competitive production, damaging America’s ability to retain a lead in some hi-tech sectors. As shows in the article since 2000, the USA has fallen in many competitiveness and business world rankings, compared to other developed and developing countries. Anyway, the author’s conclusion is that, despite the existing problems, no sector of US economy creates more economic value or supports more additional jobs than manufacturing. The United States remains the world’s most productive large economy and the largest market for manufacturing and hi-tech goods and services, which stimulates innovation and investment.
Problem of Trans-Boundary Rivers in Relations of India and Bangladesh
Authors: Sadovnikova Y.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the contents of existing disputes over trans-boundary rivers between India and Bangladesh. The aim is to identify the features inherent to the water policies of the two countries and to substantiate opportunities for resolving the problem. Two states share common historical roots and cultural traditions. India has made a significant contribution to the attainment of independence by Bangladesh. Initially, the bilateral relations have had a positive momentum. Yet, they have not always been smooth and cloudless. The problem of trans-boundary water resources plays an important role. It is generally known that India and Bangladesh share about 54 common rivers. 15 years after the Ganges Water Treaty of 1996 was signed, the two countries were extremely close to the agreement on the Teesta waters sharing. However, it did not happen. But the question was not put aside. On the contrary, both sides accelerated efforts to find a mutually acceptable settlement of the situation. The article accentuates the meaning of the Joint Rivers Commission as a crucial institutional mechanism for actual and topical issues deliberation. It has been operating since 1972. The author emphasizes one essential feature reflecting the nature of India and Bangladesh bilateral relations. It is the huge willingness of both countries to form the dialogue aspiring to mutually beneficial cooperation. That is why in spite of existing problems two countries were able to maintain excellent relations. In 2011, during the return visit of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in Dakka a number of significant agreements were signed that summed up efforts from both sides. In particular, the paper considers the “Framework Agreement on Cooperation for Development” that outlined obligations of two countries to cooperate in many areas, including water issues. It indicates that contentious problems will be resolved.
Postmodernism in Political Theory: the Concept of Mass Media
Authors: Cherkasova V.
Published: February 2021

In the article the author examines the challenges related to the increasing role of the mass media in the modern world. Two contrary approaches to the role of mass media in the modern world are being reviewed: the liberal and the postmodernist one. Based on the critical analysis of the most accredited ideologists of postmodernism, who most critically and thoroughly observed all aspects of the emergence of information society and its effect on the political life and political consciousness, she unveils the role of the mass media, points out the new opportunities for media-manipulation that have become apparent in the post-industrial society. The author examines key features related to the increase in the role of the mass media, which encompass: modern world as hyper-reality and “spectacle”, appearance of new ways of delivering information to society, uncritical perception of information by the public, “depolitisation” of politics and upsurge of yellow press and “entertaining” media, new opportunities of government control via mass-media, fight for mass-media ownership. These features indicate that today mass media are not only the tool of reflecting the reality, but also of shaping it. They become one of the ways of shaping and influencing public consciousness and a true “fourth power”.
World Economy as Global Value Chain’s Network
Authors: Kondrat’ev V.
Published: February 2021

World trade and production are increasingly structured around “global value chains” (GVCs). A value chain identifies the full range of activities that firms undertake to bring a product or a service from its conception to its end use by final consumers. Technological progress, cost, access to resources and markets and trade policy reforms have facilitated the geographical fragmentation of production processes across the globe according to the comparative advantage of the locations. This international fragmentation of production is a powerful source of increased efficiency and firm competitiveness. Today, more than half of world manufactured imports are intermediate goods (primary goods, parts and components, semi-finished products), and more than 70% of world services imports are intermediate services. The emergence of GVCs during the last two decades has implications in many areas, including trade, investment and industrial development. Some of these implications have been explored in recent OECD work but the empirical evidence on GVCs remains limited. The last few years have witnessed a growing number of case studies on the globally integrated value chains at the product level, but such analyses only depict the situation for a specific product. The main objective of the article is to provide more and better evidence allowing to examine the position of countries within international production networks. The author deals with quantitative indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in GVCs. A detailed assessment of global value chains is provided in six industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electrical and computing machinery, motor vehicles, business services, financial services.
Scottish Referendum and Future of British State
Authors: Peregudov S. , Semenenko I.
Published: February 2021

The Scottish referendum occupies a special place in the row of events determining the very essence of the current political transformations in the United Kingdom, and is bound to influence both the future of the British statehood and the long-term development of British political institutions. The referendum campaign and the results of the Scottish vote have further aggravated the imbalances between the “home nations” in the UK. The promises given by the British political class to Scottish voters will have long-time consequences for the ardently debated constitutional reform. Relations between the political institutions of the UK and Scotland are becoming a decisive driver of governance decentralization and regionalization as well as of the general trend towards federalism. The changes in the Scottish political landscape and the voters’ behaviour can be regards as a message for other states with separatist risks. The politicization of Scottish identity, the affirmation of “home nations” identities and the growing importance of “the English question” for public opinion and political debates over the prospects of constitutional reform point to the changing nature of the nationalism in a society with strong civil institutions and a developed welfare state. “New” nationalism emerges as a hybrid phenomenon with political, economic and sociocultural connotations reflecting the expansion of the political sphere, and a strong civic identity – as a source of social consolidation of a modern nation.