bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Объекты животного мира как источники повышенной опасности
Authors: Кондра А.В. , Шелест Ю.А.
Published: July 2023

В данной статье на основе анализа правового регулирования ответственности гражданина за имущество, находящееся в его собственности, автор поднимает такой важный вопрос, как ответственность государства за вред, нанесенный гражданам животными, которые находятся в состоянии естественной свободы. В целях наиболее полного изучения темы также затрагиваются и другие группы животных, являющихся объектами гражданского права. На основании Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации и Федерального закона от 24.04.1995 N 52-ФЗ "О животном мире" рассматривается указанный пробел в действующем российском гражданском законодательстве, предлагается ввести ответственность государства за вред, нанесенный животными, находящимися в состоянии естественной свободы, в связи с нахождением их в собственности Российской Федерации, а также приводятся аргументы в пользу данного нововведения.
Proyectar la vivienda no solo desde la individualidad, sino desde la comunidad. Reflexiones sobre la vivienda en Quito
Authors: Merizalde Zapata Nicole Valeria , Lara Calderón Marco Lenin
Published: July 2023

A lo largo de los años el concepto de vivienda ha ido cambiando a favor de los intereses económicos, políticos y de la sociedad en general; la vivienda pasó de ser concebida como un elemento que no puede entenderse sin su entorno a un elemento independiente. La siguiente investigación plantea analizar y entender los principios que guiaron la planificación de los proyectos, y cómo las personas, sus necesidades y su forma de habitar son importantes al momento de diseñar la vivienda. Con este propósito se adaptó una metodología combinada, partiendo del Plan Solanda y basado en la comparación de características físicas y funcionales de varios proyectos de vivienda social desarrollados en América Latina a partir de la modernidad, y apoyada en el análisis de revisión literaria, permitiendo así entender la importancia de la participación ciudadana y evidenciando cómo son las personas y su forma de habitar quienes personalizan los espacios.
Orthostatic hypotension and its associations with geriatric syndromes in subjects over 65 years old: data from EVKALIPT study
Authors: Vorobyeva N. M. , Luzina A. V. , Malaya I. P. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and analyze its associations with geriatric syndromes (GS) in subjects aged ≥ 65 years.Design and methods. In total, 4308 subjects (30 % males) aged 65 to 107 years (mean age 78 ± 8 years) living in 11 regions of the Russian Federation were examined, who were divided into 3 age subgroups (65–74 years, 75–84 years and ≥ 85 years). All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, which consisted of two stages: 1) questionnaire on a specially developed questionnaire; 2) objective examination. Orthostatic test was performed in 3982 (92,4 %) patients. OH was diagnosed with a decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) by ≥ 20 mm Hg or diastolic BP — by ≥ 10 mm Hg (or a decrease in both parameters) within 3 minutes after switching to orthostasis.Results. The frequency of OH in all subjects was 7,9 %, including 6,7 % in subjects aged 65–74 years, 8,4 % — 75–84 years, 8,8 % — ≥ 85 years (p for trend = 0,093). Univariate regression analysis showed that with an age increase per every 1 year, the odds of OH increased by 1,4 % (odds ratio [OR] 1,014; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1,001–1,028; p = 0,042). Univariate regression analysis also demonstrated that 5 of the 15 studied GSs were associated with the presence of OH: urinary (OR 1,41; 95 % CI 1,12–1,77; p = 0,004) and fecal (OR 1,61; 95 % CI 1,01–2,58; p = 0,046) incontinence, malnutrition (OR 1,77; 95 % CI 1,15–2,72; p = 0,009), visual deficit (OR 2,23; 95 % CI 1,47–3,40; p < 0,001) and falls in the previous year (OR 1,37; 95 % CI 1,08–1,75; p = 0,010). Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age and sex found that only 2 GSs were independently associated with the presence of OH: urinary incontinence (OR 1,36; 95 % CI 1,08–1,72; p = 0,009) and visual deficit (OR 2,01; 95 % CI 1,37–3,19; p = 0,001).Conclusions. The EVKALIPT study first obtained domestic data on the prevalence of OH in subjects aged ≥ 65 years and studied the associations between OH and GSs.
The first experience of using carboxyangiography in renal denervation in a patient with resistant arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and iodine contrast allergy
Authors: Solonskaya E. I. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Pekarskiy S. E. , Baev A. E. , Mordovin V. F.
Published: July 2023

Traditionally an iodine-containing contrast agent is used for renal arteries angiography. However, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and allergic reaction to iodine, despite infusion and desensitization therapy, have a very high risk of developing complications after procedure. We present a clinical case of successful and safe use of carboxyangiography for renal artery denervation in a patient with resistant arterial hypertension (HTN) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD against the background of an allergic reaction to iodine contrast agents in the form of an anaphylactoid reaction in anamnesis (angioedema). An alternative type of angiography allowed us to carry out successful endovascular treatment of HTN resulting in the achievement of target blood pressure levels without intervention-related complications at early- and long-term follow-up.
Wielokulturowe dziedzictwo materialne Katowic
Authors: Chmielewska Marta
Published: July 2023

Katowice, które w przeszłości były ośrodkiem wielokulturowym, zamieszkanym jednocześnie przez Ślązaków, Niemców, Żydów i Polaków, dziś są miastem jednonarodowym, a Polacy stanowią ponad 90% jego mieszkańców. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka dziedzictwa materialnego pozostawionego w Katowicach przez ich dawnych mieszkańców pochodzenia niemieckiego i żydowskiego. W artykule nakreślono historię rozwoju miasta z uwypukleniem wpływu społeczności poszczególnych kultur na ówczesny charakter Katowic, przedstawiono wybrane elementy poniemieckiego i pożydowskiego dziedzictwa materialnego oraz omówiono stosunek do tego dziedzictwa późniejszych pokoleń katowiczan.
Walking our pepeha: The influence of whakapapa on health and well-being
Authors: Cunningham Chelsea , Jackson Anne-Marie , Hakopa Hauiti
Published: July 2023

Whakapapa is the essence of health and well-being. Whakapapa is a tool, created by our tūpuna to frame our existence as Māori. By identifying the names of places and people, we create a timeline of locators of who we are, where we come from and where we exist today. The opportunity to “walk our pepeha” enables us to not only identify these places but also to engage with them, making the connection stronger. It is through whakapapa that we can identify who and where we come from; this is vital to identity and therefore to health and well-being. In this article we examine the experiences of rangatahi engaging with and learning about their whakapapa. Interviews with kaumātua contributed to developing a culturally safe and engaging case study titled “Walking Our Pepeha”. The article discusses two key emerging themes from this case study—whakapapa and identity—and explores why these two concepts are pivotal for Māori health and well-being. The lead author then explains how this case study influenced her future and how this research continues to be applied today
Whakawhiti te ra: A whakapapa approach to protecting haka as a taonga within sport settings in Aotearoa.
Authors: Penetito-Hemara Nicole , Jackson Anne-Marie , Cunningham Chelsea
Published: July 2023

Haka is a taonga that is steeped in whakapapa and has its origins in the creation of the universe, generating an abundance of meaning and value for Māori. On a national stage, haka is by far the most visible Indigenous ritual within the fabric of Aotearoa New Zealand’s national identity and continues to have a lasting legacy within the realm of sport. However, a major source of contention is the impact of globalisation on haka in sport, which has seen increasing issues of misuse, commodification, appropriation and tokenism. Despite the cultural significance of haka to Māori and arguably to the nation as an expression of our national sporting identity, there continues to be a general lack of understanding about the importance of whakapapa in the customary practice of haka. This paper argues the need to protect the taonga that is haka by ensuring that whakapapa is upheld and better understood. A Kaupapa Māori research framework was adopted in order to privilege Māori knowledge and voices. Research methods included the use of haka pūrākau, which were thematically examined and used to frame the data, as well as semi-structured interviews with nine Māori participants. Three key themes emerged from the research, which formed Whakawhiti te rā—an approach that advocates for more concerted efforts to understand the notion of whakapapa as a protective mechanism when using Māori rituals and taonga such as haka in sporting contexts.
The use of eDNA in the reconstruction of present and past polar vertebrates’ populations
Authors: Goldenberg-Barbosa Rodrigo , Donato Anna , Anjos Dafne , Amaral Cesar
Published: July 2023

The polar regions are home to a great biodiversity of vertebrates that are highly impacted by climate change. As extreme and pristine ecosystems, the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) presents itself as a noninvasive tool for the monitoring of polar vertebrates’ species, essential for their preservation. In this article, we review the currently published research on vertebrate eDNA in the Arctic, as well as compare it with a similar already-published article on Antarctica. Our results show how the Artic region is well represented with several studies focusing on vertebrates, being the second most researched group of organisms (19%), only behind plants, and with several studies related to the development of new approaches and methodologies for the use of eDNA from cold regions being published in the last years. In opposite, the Antarctic eDNA science on vertebrates is still poorly developed, with the vast majority of studies focusing on microbial life; therefore, the Antarctic region still remains with a great potential for the research development in vertebrates and the effects of the past and recent climate changes on their populations.
ToBRFV Mexican Strain: Seed Transmission Rate, Efficacy of Seed Disinfection Treatment, and Rapid Sensitive Detection in Seed Lots
Authors: Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Lobardo , Chavarín-Camacho Claudia Yaritza , Hammond Rosemarie W , Aviña-Padilla Katia
Published: July 2023

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a causal agent of severe emergent diseases in Solanaceae hosts with agronomic relevance, such as tomato and pepper. Herein, we analyzed the seed transmission rate and efficacy of different seed disinfection treatments and performed a comparison of molecular biology techniques seeking rapid and sensitive detection in seed lots. We evaluated several total RNA extraction and RT-PCR protocols using a distinct combination of PCR primers to test for the presence of the ToBRFV Mexican strain in tobacco host. Our results showed that the percentage of seed and seedlings transmission was less than 1% and that a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution was effective as a seed disinfection treatment. Finally, the most sensitive molecular method identified for virus detection consisted of a CTAB-Trizol RNA extraction followed by nested PCR using primers reported by Dovas et al. (2004). Additionally, we tested potential natural hosts in selected Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae species. Our results showed that the ToBRFV Mexican strain is capable of experimentally infecting eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), and tobacco (Nicotiana rustica).
Nationwide Screening Practices of Tamoxifen Retinopathy in South Korea: a Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ahn Seong Joon , Kim Jiyeong , Kim Ji Hong , Kwon Hyeon Yoon
Published: July 2023

In this population-based cohort study, we investigated the nationwide screening practices and trends in tamoxifen retinopathy in South Korea using national health insurance claims data. A total of 43,848 patients who started tamoxifen therapy between 2015 and 2020 and had no prior ophthalmic diseases or other conditions requiring screening for retinopathy were included. The annual numbers of tamoxifen users and new initiators of tamoxifen therapy were assessed. The screening examinations were separated into baseline (first ophthalmic examination after tamoxifen administration) and subsequent monitoring examinations. The timing and modalities for the baseline and subsequent monitoring examinations performed between 2015 and 2021 were assessed in tamoxifen users. The annual number of tamoxifen users increased over the study period from 54,056 in 2015 to 81,720 in 2021. The number of patients who underwent ophthalmic examination after tamoxifen administration was 8,961 (20.4%). Baseline screening was performed in 6.5% of patients within 1 year of use, and subsequent monitoring was performed in 27.8% of patients who underwent baseline screening. The mean number of monitoring examinations per year was 0.68 ± 0.45. Funduscopy/fundus photography was most commonly performed for baseline screening and subsequent monitoring (99.0% and 98.6%, respectively), while optical coherence tomography was performed only in 21.9% and 29.6% of baseline and monitoring examinations, respectively. Although the annual percentage of patients receiving a baseline examination within 1 year gradually increased over time, those with subsequent monitoring performed within 1 year were similar over the study period. Our finding, appropriate screening in a small proportion of patients receiving tamoxifen, suggests the need to promote awareness among healthcare professionals and develop a standardized approach for screening tamoxifen retinopathy.
The deep structure of the Kuznetsk deflection and Kamzhelinsky block junction zone of the Kuznetsk Alatau according to magnetotelluric sounding data
Authors: Zaplavnova A. A. , Pospeeva E. V. , Olenchenko V. V.
Published: July 2023

The Kelbes-Zolotokitat region is one of the oldest gold-placer nodes in the Kuznetsk Alatau (Western Siberia, Russia). The production target in this area nowadays is mainly shallow valley alluvial placers. However, it is assumed that placer deposits accumulate a minor part of the region's gold resources, while large primary gold sources still remain undetected. Neither deep structure of gold ore regions, nodes and fields in the junction zone between the Kuznetsk deflection and the Kamzhelinsky block nor the regional distribution patterns of gold mineralization reflected in physical fields have been given proper investigation and analysis. The paper deals with the results of magnetotelluric studies together with the analysis results of potential geophysical fields in order to search for an ore-controlling structure hosting primary gold sources. The selected complex of methods is efficient for studying crustal heterogeneities spatially associated with orebearing structures in the Kuznetsk Alatau. A conductive heterogeneity with the vertical thickness up to 7 km caused by the endogenous channels of basement rocks fluid-magmatic processing and limited by deep-penetrating fault zones has been distinguished on the geoelectric section. The identified signs of intrusive magmatism in the area of the Kuznetsk deflection is also a significant result. The depth of the top of the granitoid body is 5 km. The watershed zone of the Konyukhta and Sukhaya rivers is marked as promising for further research using a detailed observation network.
Cryohydrogeological settings appraisal by shallow near-field TEM sounding: a case study of the western part of the Yakut artesian basin
Authors: Otsimik A. A. , Buddo I. V.
Published: July 2023

The complexity of exploration, reserve estimation and development of groundwater fields in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (Russia) is due to the variety of location conditions and thickness of permafrost rocks, as well as the structure of sediments containing aquifers. The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to give a scientifically based prediction and search for the sources of technical water supply to be used in oil well drilling and provision of a reservoir pressure maintenance system. The article presents the analysis results of the materials of shallow near-field transient electromagnetic soundings carried out on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period from 2016 to 2022. Description is given to the research methodology, conditions for determining the permafrost rocks in the geoelectric section, their morphological features in the territories located along the western border of the Yakut artesian basin with the involvement of drilling materials from 75 hydrogeological wells. The sparse geothermal knowledge of the area is noted. It was traced that the depth of the permafrost base decreases from northeast to southwest from 400 to 150 m. Within the Middle Botuoba field, discontinuous distribution of frozen strata has been mapped, talik zones with different water abundance have been identified, and a number of identified water supply facilities are operated. Cartographic materials obtained in the course of the research allowed to specify significantly the structure of cryohydrogeological systems of a number of oil and gas fields in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results are of scientific and practical importance when predicting the areas with complicated well drilling associated with permafrost drilling (destruction of well walls, drilling tool sticking, gas shows), as well as when determining the location areas of interpermafrost and subpermafrost aquifers and minimizing the risks of drilling dry hydrogeological wells.
Comparative analysis of low-altitude magnetic survey sensitivity using unmanned aerial vehicles and land magnetic survey
Authors: Snegirev N. V. , Gachenko S. V. , Parshin A. V.
Published: July 2023

The subject of the study is the problem of the decline degree of the information content of geophysical data when switching from land surveys to low-altitude geophysical survey using unmanned aerial vehicles. The research involves a comparative analysis of the information content of the unmanned aerial vehicle survey results and those of the land magnetic survey. The conducted research allowed to present the observed values of the magnetic field obtained  by both survey methods within the same area as well as the final information products in the form of the results of filtering and three-dimensional data inversion. It is shown that visual analysis of maps of the full vector of magnetic field strength gives the impression of a lower information content of magnetic survey performed by unmanned aerial vehicles. However, the data having been processed create final information products of identical information content. This concerns both the results of three-dimensional modeling of the effective magnetic susceptibility, and maps and plots of the anomalous magnetic field after filtering in a sliding window. The negative impact of geological interference from morainic deposits on ground data is also shown. Local magnetic anomalies based on unmanned aerial vehicle survey results can confidently correlate with land survey anomalies, whereas the data collected during low-altitude aeromagnetic survey using unmanned aerial vehicles have a lower error probability. The conclusions refer to a specific case and cannot be unambiguously applied  to any geological situation, however, the authors believe in the typicality of this example.
Chaos enhancement in large-spin chains
Authors: Lebel Yael , Santos Lea F. , Bar Lev Yevgeny
Published: July 2023

We study the chaotic properties of a large-spin XXZ chain with onsite disorder and a small number of excitations above the fully polarized state. We show that while the classical limit, which is reached for large spins, is chaotic, enlarging the spin suppresses quantum chaos features. We examine ways to facilitate chaos by introducing additional terms to the Hamiltonian. Interestingly, perturbations that are diagonal in the basis of product states in the zz-direction do not lead to significant enhancement of chaos, while off-diagonal perturbations restore chaoticity for large spins, so that only three excitations are required to achieve strong level repulsion and ergodic eigenstates.
An increase in temperature under the shared socioeconomic scenarios in the Volta River Basin, West Africa: implications for economic development
Authors: Limantol Andrew Manoba , Larbi Isaac , Dotse Sam-Quarcoo , Okafor Gloria Chinwendu , Asare-Nuamah Peter , Frimpong Louis Kusi , Alhassan Abdul-Rauf Malimanga , Angmor Emmanuel , Joel Premkumar Jilly Philippa , Lutterodt George , Asiamah Theodora Akweley , Atta-Darkwa Thomas , Kumi Naomi , Prempeh Nana Agyemang
Published: July 2023

This study examined the temperature variations in West Africa's Volta River Basin (VRB) from 2021 to 2050 in comparison to the historical period (1985–2014) under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Datasets from three Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were used. The GCMs and their ensemble were evaluated on a monthly scale. The study used the ensemble mean to analyse the changes in annual and monthly temperature over the Sahel, Savannah, Guinea Coast, and the entire Volta basin. The results demonstrate the individual GCMs reproduced the observed temperature pattern at the VRB, though with some overestimations, but the ensemble mean indicated a better representation of the observed temperature. A warming trend in the basin is projected under both climate scenarios, with higher temperatures projected under SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5 in all three zones. The mean annual temperature is projected to increase by 0.8 and 1.0 °C, with a statistically increasing trend under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Without a doubt, high temperatures, if unchecked, can erupt into resource conflict among the competing interest groups, thereby affecting the achievement of economic development at the VRB.
The principles of therapy for modern diagnosis of brain tumors in children, which determine the prescription of the drugs
Authors: Ryzhova M. V. , Olkhova L. V. , Shishkina L. V. , Golanov A. V. , Zheludkova O. G. , Kumirova E. V. , Kislyakov A. N. , Skobeev D. A. , Belogurova M. B. , Dinikina Yu. V. , Zabrodskaya Yu. M. , Grigorenko V. A. , Druy A. E. , Papusha L. A.
Published: July 2023

Currently, the daily routine of a molecular pathologist is DNA methylation and RNA and DNA sequencing. The authors, from the standpoint of researchers and clinicians, explain the molecular methods used not only to diagnose brain tumors, but also to search for possible targets for therapy.
Neuroblastoma chemoimmunotherapy: current results and application prospects
Authors: Ivanov N. S. , Kachanov D. Yu. , Shamanskaya T. V.
Published: July 2023

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood affecting children from 0 to 14 years old. Despite the achievements of modern multimodal risk-adapted therapy, the prognosis in patients with high-risk NB remains unfavorable. Numerous research groups have shown that a good response achieved at the time of completion of the induction stage of therapy in this subgroup of patients correlates with survival rates. Thus, improving the response to induction therapy may be a potential mechanism for improving long-term survival rates. Over the past few decades, traditional approaches to cancer therapy have undergone a radical revolution, largely due to the development and implementation of the immunotherapy method. It is known that combined antitumor therapy is superior to monotherapy and is one of the tools for overcoming heterogeneous drug resistance. A vast number of preclinical studies has shown that GD2-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are able to enhance the cytostatic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, which has become a promising model for clinical studies of various chemoimmunotherapy regimens, which have demonstrated convincing evidence of safety and an acceptable toxicity profile with an encouraging effect on objective response rates, overall and event-free survival in both patients with recurrent, refractory NB, and primary patients of the high-risk group.

The article discusses fundamental ideas about the synergistic interaction of GD2-directed mAbs in combination with cytostatic agents, the role of response to the induction stage of therapy and prospects for the use of induction chemoimmunotherapy as a method of improving postinduction response, event-free and overall survival in patients with NB.
Modern approaches to the treatment of relapses and refractory forms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Literature review
Authors: Korneeva M. S. , Batmanova N. A. , Valiev T. T. , Kirgizov K. I.
Published: July 2023

Despite of good outcomes in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), recurrences have been reported in 29.9 % of patients. There are currently no generally accepted standards for the treatment of recurrences and refractory forms of LCH. The prognosis of patients, suffering from this pathology, remains unfavorable. Current treatment approaches of recurrences and refractory forms of LCH include using of BRAF- and MEK-inhibitors and cellular treatment technologies. The article provides a literature review of current approaches to the treatment of recurrences and refractory forms of LCH and identifies the prospects for further research.
Functional Roles of the lncRNA MALAT1 in Glioma
Authors: Moftakhar Arya , Najafi Sajad , Anbiyaee Omid , Farzaneh Maryam , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil
Published: July 2023

Gliomas are a group of brain cancers with various clinical and biological features, and they
are mostly malignant. Progressions in therapy approaches, comprising radiotherapy, chemotherapy,
and surgery, have not been so considerable in the prognosis of glioma cases. Recently, long noncoding
RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found with putative regulatory roles in gene expression, epigenetic
regulation, neurogenesis, cell cycle, and cellular transportation. The lncRNA Metastasis Associated
Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is frequently reported to be associated with multiple
disorders, such as various types of cancers. Upregulation of MALAT1 is detected in different
tumours, including glioma, and functional analyses reveal it affects malignant features of cancer cells
like proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. MALAT1 impacts those features by modulating
various epigenetic histones, hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors. Therefore, this
lncRNA can be regarded as a potent therapeutic target for glioma. In this review, we summarized the
functional roles of MALAT1 in glioma.
Physalin B Reduces Tau Phosphorylation and Cell Apoptosis in HEK293 Cells
by Activating FoxO1
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shi Yating , Lv Mingti , Zhang Yimin , Ren Wei , Shi Ruling , Wang Hecheng , Shan Linlin
Published: July 2023

Background:

Physalin B (PB) is one of the main active compounds of Solanaceae plants, with a wide range of biological activities. PB reportedly has the potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the effect of PB on Tau phosphorylation and cell apoptosis using Tau-expressing HEK293 cells (HEK293/Tau) as a cellular model.

Methods:

The optimum concentration of PB to treat HEK293/Tau cells was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Additionally, the expression of FoxO1, Tau-5, p-Tau (T231, S262, and S404), ERK, p-ERK, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β was detected using western blotting to determine the effect of PB on Tau phosphorylation. The apoptosis rate was detected using flow cytometry, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected using western blotting and verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, cells were transfected with FoxO1 siRNA to downregulate FoxO1 expression, and the expression of the above-mentioned proteins was detected to verify the effect of PB on Tau phosphorylation and cell apoptosis.

Results:

After 24 h of PB treatment, the phosphorylation levels of Tau at S404, S262, and T231 sites decreased significantly, and the activities of GSK-3β and ERK were inhibited. PB also reduced cell apoptosis by reducing the expression of Bax and increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, PB decreased Tau phosphorylation and cell apoptosis by upregulating FoxO1.

Conclusion:

The natural compound PB exhibited a protective effect in the AD cell model by increasing FoxO1 expression and reducing Tau phosphorylation and cell apoptosis.
Extravesical ureteral ectopia from an iliac dystopic hypoplastic left kidney in a girl
Authors: Sizonov V. V. , Shidaev A. Kh-A. , Makarov A. G. , Zhulia V. R. , Vlasov S. N. , Filonenko А. V.
Published: July 2023

Extravesical ureteral ectopia (EUE) is a rare cause of urinary incontinence (UI) in girls. In 80% of cases, ectopia is associated with ureteral duplication.  We are reporting a case of a 17-year-old girl with UI by EUE from an iliac dystopic hypoplastic left kidney. The girl received outpatient treatment for UI and left kidney agenesia since the age of 5, when her parents for the first time noticed the UI with background normal urination. The child underwent a complete range of medical tests: CT, cystoscopy, renal nuclear scan, uroflowmetry, ureteral cystometry and profilometry. Although the examination revealed no proof of renal tissue existence on the left side, a pad test with a dye was performed to exclude an EUE. The test gave a positive result, which determined further diagnostic search. Vascular CT was performed and made it possible to visualize a severely hypoplastic left kidney dystopic towards the iliac vessels. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed and UI manifestations were corrected. Availability of a wide range of visualisation methods in the urologist's toolkit does not always allow to verify hypoplastic renal dystopia when the kidney is drained by a ureter with an extravesical ectopic orifice. When a reasonable suspicion of an EUE is combined with lack of information about its location and dimensions after visualizing tests, a pad test with a dye appears appropriate prior to a diagnostic laparoscopy in our opinion. Once the UU is confirmed by the dye test results, further diagnostic search using laparoscopic access is justified and can be transformed into a treatment procedure if the kidney is revealed.
Male fertility: a summary overview of the publications October 2022 – March 2023
Authors: Rogozin D. S.
Published: July 2023

The article presents an overview of the most significant publications on the topic of male infertility. The main selection criteria were the practical significance of the article, as well as the impact factor of the journal in which it was published, according to the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). As a result, a list of 10 works published from October 2022 to March 2023 was formed. The review includes articles on the following topics: genetic causes of male infertility, the role of oxidative stress in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programmes, reference values when performing scrotum and prostate ultrasound, the impact of ART procedures on child development, the impact of DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa on the outcomes of ART, the role of circadian rhythms in spermatogenesis, automated semen testing devices and predictors of success / failure of testicular biopsy.
Effect of adherent perinephric fat on outcomes of nephron-sparing treatment of renal cell cancer
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Guspanov R. I. , Yusufov A. G. , Nemenov A. A. , Mantsov A. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Nephrometric scales have been developed to determine the appropriate surgical tactics and to predict intraoperative values more accurately, considering the characteristics of the renal tumour. However, there is a need to assess the perinephric fat. The Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) scale aims to identify adherent perinephric fat (APF) or 'complex' paranephric fat preoperatively.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of APF on intraoperative and functional outcomes of patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Materials & methods. We analysed 118 patients with localised RCC who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. At the preoperative stage, according to the results of contract-enhanced msCT, the presence of APF was assessed using the MAP scale. At the same time, the thickness of the posterior perinephric fat was measured and the grade of its twisting was assessed. As a result, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 MAP 0 – 2 pts (no APF) 34 patients and group 2 MAP 3 – 5 pts (presence of APF) 84 patients. In each group, the following indicators were assessed: stage according to the TNM classification, mean age and BMI, average nephrometry score according to the R.E.N.A.L. system, glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Results. The median surgery time for group 1 patients was 115.0 [92.5; 142.5] min, for group 2 — 130.0 [101.3; 180.0] min. The median warm ischemia time in patients in group 1 was 15 [0; 20] min, in group 2 — 12 [0; 18] min. The median blood loss in the groups 1 and 2 was 50 [15; 100] and 50 [0; 100] ml, respectively. The mean GFR on the first day after surgery was 63.34 ± 18.40 ml/min/1.73 m2 in group 1 and 55.09 ± 16.01 ml/min/1.73 m2 in group 2. Openings of the pyelocalyceal system were observed in 8 (23.53%) and 23 (27.38%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. A positive surgical margin was detected one patient in group 1 and two in group 2. Early postoperative complications in group 1 were four patients and group 2 — 15 patients.

Conclusion. The presence of APF and its severity can be effectively assessed using the MAP score, which is promising, but is limited only to the prognostic of APF without correlation with nephrometric scales that assess tumour anatomy parameters. However, the issue of developing a unified assessment system that includes APF and kidney morphometry is currently open, and the definition of APF is still subjective and requires an objective analysis to obtain more accurate outcomes.
Anthropometric characteristics of patients suffering from chronic cystitis
Authors: Kulchavenya E. V. , Neimark A. I. , Tsukanov A. Yu. , Plugin P. S. , Neimark A. B. , Razdorskaya M. V.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. With a depressingly high prevalence of chronic cystitis (it is believed that half of women suffer from acute cystitis at least once in their lives), there is still no clarity on this disease. We were unable to find any studies on the anthropometric characteristics of patients with chronic cystitis either in the domestic or in the English literature.

Objective. To assess the anthropometric characteristics of patients with chronic recurrent cystitis.

Material & methods. A prospective multicenter cohort study included 91 patients with symptoms of acute cystitis. All underwent anthropometric measurements, analyzed complaints, studied anamnesis morbi et vitae, performed a study on a gynecological chair; urine was sent for general analysis and bacteriological examination for nonspecific microflora with the determination of the sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to antimicrobial drugs. The patients answered questions about the Russian version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS). A urethra and cervical canal smear was studied using the polymerase chain reaction method to identify the causative agents of sexually transmitted infections. The diagnosis was considered confirmed in the presence of leukocyturia, bacteriuria, and the sum of symptoms on the ACSS scale was 6 or more.

Results. The duration of chronic recurrent cystitis was averaged at 7.1 ± 4.2 years. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 49 years, averaging 28.9 ± 3.9 years. The height ranged from 150 cm to 178 cm, on average 165.9 ± 7.1 cm. The average weight was within the normal range: 64.2 ± 6.1 kg. However, the spread in the cohort by body weight was two-fold: from 42 to 86 kg. Overweight was found in five (5.5%) patients; two patients (2.2%), on the contrary, had a body weight deficit. When analyzing anthropometric indicators, along with the obvious ones (direct dependence of the duration of the disease on the age of the patient; direct dependence of the quality of life on the severity of symptoms), other statistically significant correlations were established: a positive relationship between age and weight, weight and duration of the disease.

Conclusion. The analysis showed that overweight women respond to treatment worse, they have a longer history of cystitis. Neither typical symptoms nor ACSS score correlated with any of the anthropometric measures.
Radiofrequency pulse modulation of the penile dorsal nerve for the treatment of premature ejaculation: evaluation of effectiveness
Authors: Mirkin Ya. B. , Nevskiy A. A. , Levkovskiy A. A. , Shirshov G. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction.  Premature ejaculation (PE) is the second most common male sexual dysfunction with a significant negative impact on quality of life. A significant number of conservative and surgical methods for the treatment of PE are proposed, but their effectiveness and, in some cases, safety, remain the subject of discussion.

Objective. To study the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency impulse neuromodulation (RPN) with different modes on the penile dorsal nerve in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation.

Materials & methods. Two groups of PE-patients participated in a prospective multicenter study: Group 1 — 11 patients aged 22 – 34 years; Group 2 — 12 patients aged 23 – 34 years. Group 1 received pulsed RPN at a temperature of 42°C, a stimulation frequency of 2 Hz, 45 V, and a duration of 180 seconds; in Group 2 — pulsed RPN at a temperature of 50 °C and the same frequency and duration of stimulation as Group 1. All patients before and after treatment measured intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and completed a premature ejaculation profile (PEP). The results were evaluated after 30 days.

Results. In both groups, there was a statistically significant increase in IEDT and PEP. Thus, in Group 1, IELT increased from 58 to 101.9 seconds, PEP from 3.8 to 12.6 points. In Group 2, IELT increased from 66.5 to 210.9 seconds, PEP from 3.2 to 12.6 points. At the same time, in Group 2, IELT increased by 107% more than in Group 1. No significant side effects were observed in both groups.

Conclusion. RPN appears to be a very promising treatment for premature ejaculation, as it is a minimally invasive, safe, and reversible procedure. The technique of influencing the penile dorsal nerve at an electrode temperature of 50 °C compared to 42 °C seems to be more effective, however, additional studies are needed.
Approaches to designing a model for developing students’ universal competencies within the framework of developing and implementing the Smart University concept
Authors: Moshlyak Gabriel A. , Rabenatolotra Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Problem statement. The authors deal with the components of universal competences in terms of applying technological innovations in the learning process. A fragment of the model for shaping universal competencies of students based on the concept of Smart University is described. The study is aimed at substantiating the approaches to designing a model for the formation of universal competencies, presenting their theoretical analysis based on the concept of Smart University and considering their features, structure, and classification. Methodology. The approach to designing a model of universal competence formation is based on the analysis of acronym SMART decoding and the structure of the concept Smart University. The matrix of overview of the concept of universal competence in a modern context is proposed. Results. The universal competences are understood as smart competences united by five types of competences: professional, motivational, adaptive, key, and digital. The formation of six groups of universal competences is justified: system and critical thinking; project development and implementation; teamwork and leadership; civic-patriotic behavior; self-organization and self-education; technological solution. The created model defines the structure of universal competences and serves as a criterion for assessing students' abilities. Conclusion. Smart competences are a response to the current economic situation. The approach is structured for educational organizations that share a development policy in combination with technology. The results may be of some interest to scholars in the field of education informatization, teachers and university managers on innovation and education policy.
Learning analytics in Russia and abroad: level of development, trends and prospects
Authors: Kustitskaya Tatiana A. , Noskov Mikhail V.
Published: July 2023

Problem statement. Learning analytics is an emerging scientific field, which studies learners and learning process based on data from digital environment. The aim of the study - to observe the development of learning analytics, its prospects and limitations and detecting the state of art of this scientific field in Russia. Methodology . The study is based on context analysis of scientific articles on the topic in the public domain. Special attention is given to reviewing scientific publications of Russian-speaking authors devoted to analytics of education data and the implementation of learning analytics tools in the educational process. Results . The research detects the global directions of learning analytics development and its problematic aspects. It provides the quantitative and qualitative analysis of scientific publications of Russian-speaking authors and identifiers the most popular research questions in the learning analytics field. It proposes the author’s vision of the hierarchy of directions for learning analytics development, consisting of the research aspect, the environment transformation aspect and the legal regulation aspect. The national initiatives in the digitalization of education are briefly discussed. Conclusion . A certain lag in the level of development of learning analytics in Russia from the global one is revealed. At the same time, there is a noticeable increase in interest to this area among individual researchers, educational institutions and at the state level, which allows us to count on positive changes.
Parable in Nikolai Gogol’s works: specifics of the author's presentation
Authors: Demidov Nikita M. , Kling Oleg A.
Published: July 2023

The parable of the works of N.V. Gogol as one of the most important elements of the writer's strategy is analyzed. Emphasis is placed both on its formal and content embodiment in the author's works. The formal part shows the important connection between the parable and the artistic detail of the literary work and the composition on the whole. The content part deals with the writer, who builds a complex system of conflicts and their role in the plot scheme. For the study, researchers consider it necessary to warn against a shallow analysis of Gogol's parable as a kind of vulgar form of reasonableness or teaching. Reading the author's texts shows that the parable departs from the classical model and resembles “die Parabel”, a form of parable in the literature of European modernism, which complicates and makes the edifying aspect less obvious. The parable element considered in this work should be studied not in general terms, but as an integral part of the poetics and artistic system of the author, which allows us to consider this phenomenon in more detail, as an individually mastered part of the composition of the work of a single author. Using this approach, it is possible to show Gogol as a phenomenon of world literature, and the reason for that is a complex system of parables, implemented in different ways in his literary works. This system absorbs particular elements of poetics using a variety of functions that form a single system of artistic originality of Gogol's texts. Moreover, it emphasizes the originality of texts and their dissimilarity from each other even within the author's collection.
The source of tragedy: love problems and the concept of eros in the story of L.D. Zinovieva-Annibal's “Thirty-Three Freaks”
Authors: Wang Liuyang , Mikhailova Maria V.
Published: July 2023

The theme of love is reflected in a variety of ways in all the works of L.D. Zinovieva-Annibal. As one of the most representative works of the writer, the story “The Thirty-Three Freaks” is an important and particularly revealing link in proving the process of change in the creative method and worldview of the author. The aim of the study is to show the complex relationship between love and eros, not only in the story “The Thirty-Three Freaks”, but also in the real married life of Vyacheslav Ivanov and L.D. Zinovieva-Annibal. The writer's artistic embodiment of the ideas of her husband, the symbolist poet V. Ivanov, on the creation of a new religion, where Eros is “entrenched” and becomes a bearer of “solidarity”, is traced. V. Ivanov's utopian ideal project of organizing a new social form, although it ultimately failed, originally meant the intention to overcome individualism among the initiates, among the participants of the love action, which proves the influence of V. Solovyov's philosophy on the symbolists and, in particular, on the circle of visitors of “The Tower”. The study uses biographical, intertextual, and comparative-historical methods. The conclusion is made that in the ideal form of society, in which there is no place for individualism and egoism, the concept of inseparability of spirit and body should have prevailed. However, analysis of the novel “The Thirty-Three Freaks” shows that the heroine had not overcome individualism, that the path to comprehending of eros was theoretically declared, but was not realized in practice. Hence the tragic sound of the work and its disastrous finale.
Socially-engaged narrative in contemporary Hindi poetry
Authors: Strelkova Guzel V. , Lesik Ksenia A.
Published: July 2023

The influence of Marxist ideology has played a peculiar role in the formation of Hindi literature. Many writers believed that a literary word, illuminating the problems of inequality and oppression, could awake effective political, social and economic actions that could change an ordinary person’s life. In contemporary Hindi poetry there is the rise of young poets’ interest in socially-engaged narrative, which they clarify with the concept of “socialist”. It is aimed at criticizing the world order surrounding them and the desire to point out the problems of social peace. The authors discuss and translate for the first time the poems of the 21st century - Hindi poets of the left wing Alokadhanva and Avinash Mishra. They, drawing the reader's attention to the fact that the art of the word is given to them from above, raise acute social issues with realistic poems and simple language, hiding their powerlessness behind rhetorical appeals calling for an active struggle. Special attention is paid to the artistic techniques, which are practically not used in this poetry. It is concluded that poets create their own metapoetics focused on revising literature’s mission as a way of exposing the modern society’s vices.