bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color conversion properties of various thick‐film phosphor‐in‐glasses depending on structural design for white LEDs
Authors: Nam Yoon Hee , Han Karam , Chung Woon Jin , Im Won Bin
Published: March 2020

Thick‐film phosphor‐in‐glasses (PiGs) were fabricated via a screen‐printing method with various phosphor layer structures, to compose a white light emitting diode (LED). Green (Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+) and red (CaAlSiN3:Eu2+) phosphors were mixed, layered, and patterned on a glass substrate. The chromaticity of each structured PiG was tuned to achieve a white LED by varying phosphor content and thickness. The emission spectra and the related various color conversion properties, including color coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), luminous efficacy (LE) and the color gamut of the mounted PiGs with different phosphor layer structures were examined and compared. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements of the white LEDs with various phosphor layer structural designs were also obtained and compared. It was observed that spectral variation depended on the PiG layer structure. A proper PiG layer structural design was discussed for practical applications.
Influence of composition and microstructure on transparency and diffusivity in ion‐exchangeable spinel glass‐ceramics
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra L. , Smith Charlene M.
Published: March 2020

Ion‐exchangeable, transparent spinel glass‐ceramics are presented and discussed here for the first time. To retain transparency with increasing crystallinity, spinel glass‐ceramics must have uniform crystallization of small (~9 nm) crystallites, not large spherulitic structures comprised of small crystallites. To obtain such a uniform microstructure, the amount of total nucleating agents (ZrO2 + TiO2) in the precursor glass composition must be greater than 5 mol%. With small changes in composition and significant differences in microstructure, the demarcation between transparent and opaque glass‐ceramics is distinct as is the decrease in K diffusivity during ion‐exchange from the transparent (14.7 microns2/h) to the opaque (11.2 microns2/h) compositions. Understanding how to retain transparency during ceramming and increase diffusivity during chemical strengthening is critical in designing materials for many real‐world applications.

Ion‐exchangeable, transparent spinel glass‐ceramics are presented and discussed here for the first time. To retain transparency with increasing crystallinity, spinel glass‐ceramics must have uniform crystallization of small (~9 nm) crystallites, not large spherulitic structures comprised of small crystallites. To obtain such a uniform microstructure, the amount of total nucleating agents (ZrO2 + TiO2) in the precursor glass composition must be greater than 5 mol%. With small changes in composition and significant differences in microstructure, the demarcation between transparent and opaque glass‐ceramics is distinct as is the decrease in K diffusivity during ion‐exchange from the transparent (14.7 microns2/h) to the opaque (11.2 microns2/h) compositions. Understanding how to retain transparency during ceramming and increase diffusivity during chemical strengthening is critical in designing materials for many real‐world applications.
Does ethical leadership boost nurses’ patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviours? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Qiu Shaoping , Dooley Larry M. , Deng Ruidi , Li Liqiong
Published: March 2020

Aims

To examine the relationships between perceived ethical leadership, perceived interactional justice climate, and patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviour.

Design

A cross‐sectional non‐experimental design was employed.

Methods

The convenience sampling was adopted. Data were collected in July and August 2018. A total of 738 nurses were recruited from eight Chinese hospitals. The survey included instrument scales of ethical leadership, interactional justice climate, and patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviour. SPSS version 22 was used to compute means, standard deviations, and intercorrelations. The partial least squares structural equation modelling was chosen to estimate the path coefficients of the relationships.

Results

Relationships among perceived ethical leadership, perceived interactional justice climate, and organizational citizenship behaviours were statistically significant. Perceived interactional justice climate mediated the relationship between perceived ethical leadership and nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviours.

Conclusions

Ethical leadership is related to interactional justice climate, which, in turn, increases nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviour. Nurse leaders are encouraged to exhibit ethical behaviours and to create justice climate. Ethical leadership scale can be used to select, train, and evaluate the nurse supervisors and managers.

Impact

Hospital administrators are encouraged to recruit and promote those with both moral compass and leadership potential to nursing leadership positions. Nursing managers should create a justice climate in their hospitals. Hospital administrators could use ethical leadership scale to develop ethical leadership training programmes.
Ain't I Too a Mulher? Implications of Black Lesbians’ Well‐being, Self‐care, and Gynecology in Brazil
Authors: Falu Nessette
Published: March 2020

Este artigo trata da interseção de raça, classe, gênero, sexualidade e até identidade religiosa como locais bioculturais de luta e transformação no contexto médico da ginecologia no Brasil. Para as lésbicas negras, a interação ginecológica é moldada através da negociação dialógica dos discursos sociais sobre saúde em sua relação com raça, gênero e sexualidade. Ao enfocar o impacto da identidade de gênero, consciência racial, narrativas médicas e autocuidado não normativo sobre as lésbicas negras em Salvador, Bahia, argumento que suas fontes de empoderamento muitas vezes destroem noções presumidas de precariedade sobre sua saúde, exames de rotina., recuperações cirúrgicas e qualidade de vida. Chamo a atenção para a produção de conhecimento deles como estratégias ontológicas para orientar suas decisões sobre exames ginecológicos e histerectomias que abordam sua vulnerabilidade em relação às suas preocupações mais amplas de disparidades raciais e de saúde.[alto‐cuidadocandomblé, ginecologia, lésbicas, raça]
Cross‐talk between dopamine D1 and corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors leads to occlusion of their ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Yarur Hector E. , González Marcela P. , Verbel‐Vergara Daniel , Andrés María E. , Gysling Katia
Published: March 2020

One manner in which G protein–coupled receptors potentiate, increase, and change their functionality is through the formation of heteromers in a specific cellular context. Previously, we have shown that dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and the corticotropin releasing factor receptor type‐2α (CRF2α) heteromerize in HEK293T cells, enabling D1R to mobilize intracellular calcium in response to D1R agonists. In this study, we further investigated the pharmacological properties of the CRF2α‐D1R heteromer and the consequences of the heteromerization in their signaling and subcellular localization when both receptors are co‐expressed in HEK293T cells. Using immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that the addition of 10 μM dopamine in the incubation medium significantly decreased the amount of CRF2α on the cell surface of cells expressing both receptors. The presence of agonists of both receptors increased the interaction between CRF2α and D1R as assessed by co‐immunoprecipitation. However, the presence of agonists of both receptors resulted in a lesser efficient activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Using a synaptosomal preparation of rat prefrontal cortex devoid of post‐synaptic elements, we found that CRF2α and D1R co‐localize in synaptic terminals of the rat medial prefrontal cortex and that the simultaneous activation of both receptors also occluded phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. These results strengthen the idea that the heteromer CRF2a‐D1R is an entity functionally different from each receptor that composes it and suggests that its formation is enhanced by CRF and dopamine co‐transmission, as occurs in stress and addiction.

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Economic Transition, Class Formation, and the Superintendent State in the Midwest: 1850‐1900
Authors: Bauerly Brad
Published: March 2020

This article outlines and clarifies the complex relationship between economic development, the formation of classes, political movement responses to these changes, and state institutional capacity building in response to these movements in the Midwestern US. It seeks to remedy views of the transition to capitalism in America that focus too narrowly on a moment of transition, positing instead a long, politically contested process of class formation by elucidating the specific interactions between agrarian and union movements and state‐building processes. Our research reveals the substantial role of the state in forcing through acceptance of economic changes and shifting class locations through a co‐developmental process of political resistance movements and state‐building.
Productive performance, lipid profile and caecum microbial counts of growing rabbits treated with humic acid
Authors: Abdl Razek Mohmed Mohmed Shimaa , Elsebai Azza , Elghalid Osama A. , Abd El‐Hady Ahmed M.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a humic acid (HA)‐supplemented diet on productive performance and some physiological parameters of growing rabbits. A total of 80 weaned V‐line rabbits at an age of 4 weeks were randomly divided into four groups. Rabbits of groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diet containing 35 (HA35), 70 (HA70) and 105 (HA105) mg Humic acid/kg diet while the first group served as control (HA0). Body weight gain was positively affected by HA treatment. HA105 rabbits had the improved feed conversion value. HA treatments had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and significant increased red blood cells, white blood cells count and plasma high‐density lipoprotein concentrations. However, serum aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities, creatinine and the apparent nutrients digestibility values were not affected by HA treatments. Organic matter digestibility of all HA‐treated groups significantly increased compared with HA0. At 63 days of age (after 35 days of treatment), caecum microbial counts decreased (total bacteria and Escherichia coli) with HA treatments. Generally HA could be considered as a biological as growth promoter feed additive alternative to antibiotics.
Carbon Partitioning and Lipid Remodeling During Phosphorus and Nitrogen Starvation in the Marine Microalga Diacronema lutheri (Haptophyta)
Authors: Huang Bing , Mimouni Virginie , Lukomska Ewa , Morant-Manceau Annick , Bougaran Gaël
Published: March 2020

The domesticated marine microalga Diacronema lutheri is of great interest for producing various highly valuable molecules like lipids, particularly long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA). In this study, we investigated the impact of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) starvation on growth, carbon fixation (photosynthetic activity) and partitioning, and membrane lipid remodeling in this alga during batch culture. Our results show that the photosynthetic machinery was similarly affected by P and N stress. Under N starvation, we observed a much lower photosynthetic rate and biomass productivity. The degradation and re‐use of cellular N‐containing compounds contributed to triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. On the other hand, P‐starved cells maintained pigment content and a carbon partitioning pattern more similar to the control, ensuring a high biomass. Betaine lipids constitute the major compounds of non‐plastidial membranes, which are rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Under P and N starvations, EPA was transferred from the recycling of membrane polar lipids, most likely contributing to TAG accumulation.
The Organelle Genomes in the Photosynthetic Red Algal Parasite Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta) Have Elevated Substitution Rates and Extreme Gene Loss in the Plastid Genome
Authors: Preuss Maren , Verbruggen Heroen , Zuccarello Giuseppe C.
Published: March 2020

Comparative organelle genome studies of parasites can highlight genetic changes that occur during the transition from a free‐living to a parasitic state. Our study focuses on a poorly studied group of red algal parasites, which are often closely related to their red algal hosts and from which they presumably evolved. Most of these parasites are pigmented and some show photosynthetic capacity. Here, we assembled and annotated the complete organelle genomes of the photosynthetic red algal parasite, Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica. The plastid genome is the smallest known red algal plastid genome at 68,701 bp. The plastid genome has many genes missing, including all photosynthesis‐related genes. In contrast, the mitochondrial genome is similar in architecture to that of other free‐living red algae. Both organelle genomes show elevated mutation rates and significant changes in patterns of selection, measured as dN/dS ratios. This caused phylogenetic analyses, even of multiple aligned proteins, to be unresolved or give contradictory relationships. Full plastid datasets interfered by selected best gene evolution models showed the supported relationship of P. hemisphaerica within the Ceramiales, but the parasite was grouped with support as sister to the Gracilariales when interfered under the GHOST model. Nuclear rDNA showed a supported grouping of the parasite within a clade containing several red algal orders including the Gelidiales. This photosynthetic parasite, which is unable to photosynthesize with its own plastid due to the total loss of all photosynthesis genes, raises intriguing questions on parasite–host organelle genome capabilities and interactions.
Formation of Libyan Desert Glass: Numerical simulations of melting of silica due to radiation from near‐surface airbursts
Authors: Svetsov Vladimir , Shuvalov Valery , Kosarev Igor
Published: March 2020

Libyan Desert Glass contains meteoritic material and, therefore, its origin is most likely associated with an impact event. However, the impact crater has not been found. We performed numerical simulations of impacts of stony and cometary bodies in order to confirm the version that this glass was formed from silica heated by radiation from aerial bursts near the ground. Asteroids were treated as strengthless bodies from dunite with a density of 3.3 g cm−3, and comets as icy bodies with a density of 1 g cm−3. The simulations based on hydrodynamic equations included the equations of radiation transfer. Melting and vaporization of a silica target under action of radiation incident on a planar surface were modeled using a one‐dimensional hydrodynamic equation of energy and equations of radiation transfer in two‐flux approximation. We selected those variants of simulations in which a crater is not formed, a fireball touches the earth surface, and the area of a molten target corresponds to the area of the Libyan Desert Glass strewn field. Appropriate options include the impact of an asteroid with a diameter of 300 m, an entry speed of 35 km s−1, and an entry angle of 8°, and cometary bodies with diameters from 150 to 300 m, speeds of 50–70 km s−1, and entry angles from 15° to 45°. Impact options with crater formation are also discussed. The maximum depth of molten silica at ground zero reaches 10 cm with the cometary impacts and 3–4 cm with the asteroidal impact. Melting occurs during a period of time from 50 to 400 s.
Schopenhauer on the content of compassion
Authors: Marshall Colin
Published: March 2020

On the traditional reading, Schopenhauer claims that compassion is the recognition of deep metaphysical unity. In this paper, I defend and develop the traditional reading. I begin by addressing three recent criticisms of that reading from Sandra Shapshay: that it fails to accommodate Schopenhauer's restriction to sentient beings, that it cannot explain his moral ranking of egoism over malice, and that Schopenhauer requires some level of distinction to remain in compassion. Against Shapshay, I argue that Schopenhauer does not restrict compassion to sentient beings and that a more metaphysically refined version of the traditional reading can accommodate both Schopenhauer's moral ranking of characters and allow for some level of distinction in compassion. I then turn to four further questions for the traditional reading: what the relation is between the feeling of compassionate pain and the recognition of metaphysical unity, how cognitions mediate compassion, whether compassion is limited to the present, and how the feeling of compassion relates to Schopenhauer's fundamental moral principle. I conclude by explaining how, in a reductive vein, the traditional reading can also allow for compassion to have normative content.
The strawberry transcription factor FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation by activation of FaMYB10 and anthocyanin pathway genes
Authors: Zhang Zuying , Shi Yanna , Ma Yuchen , Yang Xiaofang , Yin Xueren , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xiao Yuwei , Liu Wenli , Li Yunduan , Li Shaojia , Liu Xiaofen , Grierson Donald , Allan Andrew C. , Jiang Guihua , Chen Kunsong
Published: March 2020

The RAV (related to ABI3/viviparous 1) group of transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, we show that strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening via a hierarchy of activation processes. Dual‐luciferase assay screening of all fruit‐expressed AP2/ERFs showed FaRAV1 had the highest transcriptional activation of the promoter of FaMYB10, a key activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that FaRAV1 could directly bind to the promoter of FaMYB10. Transient overexpression of FaRAV1 in strawberry fruit increased FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin production significantly. Correspondingly, transient RNA interference‐induced silencing of FaRAV1 led to decreases in FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin content. Transcriptome analysis of FaRAV1‐overexpressing strawberry fruit revealed that transcripts of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were up‐regulated. Luciferase assays showed that FaRAV1 could also activate the promoters of strawberry anthocyanin biosynthetic genes directly, revealing a second level of FaRAV1 action in promoting anthocyanin accumulation. These results show that FaRAV1 stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry both by direct activation of anthocyanin pathway gene promoters and by up‐regulation of FaMYB10, which also positively regulates these genes.
Epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Japanese neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tsujiwaki Atsushi , Hisata Ken , Tohyama Yudai , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Uehara Yuki , Sasaki Takashi , Hiramatsu Keiichi , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: March 2020

Background

There have been few reports on the genetic structure of the current population of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan. In the present study we conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis based on whole genome sequencing against MRSA strains in a Japanese NICU.

Methods

We performed genotyping by whole genome sequencing, polymerase chain reaction‐based typing of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and polymerase chain reaction‐based open‐reading frame typing against 57 MRSA strains from fecal or nasal specimens from NICU patients in Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital in 2013–2014.

Results

Forty‐nine MRSA strains (86.0%) exhibited a clonal complex (CC) 1, and were divided into three sequence types (STs): ST2725 (n = 25), ST2764 (n = 21), and ST1 (n = 3). All CC1 MRSA strains had SCCmec IVa, and were resistant to new quinolones, which are limited in pediatric use, suggesting that these strains were derived from adult MRSA clones. Single nucleotide polymorphism differences of both ≤10 and >100 nucleotides were observed by pairwise, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis among ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains, respectively. Seven ST8 MRSA strains (12.2%) were isolated, and no strain exhibiting the Japanese hospital‐associated MRSA genotype (ST5/SCCmec II) was isolated in this study.

Conclusions

Our molecular epidemiological analysis suggested that ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains had genetic diversity that could not be explained only by a recent transmission event in the NICU. These MRSA clones might be disseminated in other Japanese hospital facilities as new endemic clones. Our results are expected to contribute to the improvement of infection control measures of MRSA in NICUs.
Exploring social and health care representations about home birth: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Rodríguez‐Garrido Pía , Pino‐Morán Juan Andrés , Goberna‐Tricas Josefina
Published: March 2020

Aims

Exploring social and health care representations of home birth by conducting an integrative review of the literature.

Design

Integrative Literature Review.

Data sources

The search was based on the following keywords: “birth, home,” “home birth,” “childbirth, home.” And the terms: “planned home birth,” and “empowerment women homebirth” (in English). “partos en casa,” and “partos domiciliarios” (in Spanish) in the following databases: Biomedical Central, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, DOAJ, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science.

Review methods

A total of 156 publications dated between 2004 and 2017 were initially obtained and a total of 41 articles were finally selected according to the criteria of inclusion, methodological rigor, and researchers’ triangulation.

Results

Four dimensions of the issue emerged out of the 41 articles analyzed: (a) the Dimension of “Empowerment in Childbirth;” (b) the Dimension of “Comparative Socio‐Medical Childbirth Studies;” (c) the “Institutional Dimension of Childbirth;” (d) the “Cultural Dimension of Childbirth.”

Conclusion

From the health management perspective, home birth is not widely accepted today as a valid and safe alternative. However, women's social representations indicate an interest in returning to birth at home as a response to the excessive medicalization and institutionalization of childbirth, and value highly its autonomy and comfort.
FLOURY ENDOSPERM11‐2 encodes plastid HSP70‐2 involved with the temperature‐dependent chalkiness of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains
Authors: Tabassum Rehenuma , Dosaka Tokinori , Ichida Hiroyuki , Morita Ryouhei , Ding Yifan , Abe Tomoko , Katsube‐Tanaka Tomoyuki
Published: March 2020

The frequent occurrence of chalky rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains becomes a serious problem as a result of climate change. The molecular mechanism underlying chalkiness is largely unknown, however. In this study, the temperature‐sensitive floury endosperm11‐2 (flo11‐2) mutant was isolated from ion beam‐irradiated rice of 1116 lines. The flo11‐2 mutant showed significantly higher chalkiness than the wild type grown under a mean temperature of 28°C, but similar levels of chalkiness to the wild type grown under a mean temperature of 24°C. Whole‐exome sequencing of the flo11‐2 mutant showed three causal gene candidates, including Os12g0244100, which encodes the plastid‐localized 70‐kDa heat shock protein 2 (cpHSP70‐2). The cpHSP70‐2 of the flo11‐2 mutant has an amino acid substitution on the 259th aspartic acid with valine (D259V) in the conserved Motif 5 of the ATPase domain. Transgenic flo11‐2 mutants that express the wild‐type cpHSP70‐2 showed significantly lower chalkiness than the flo11‐2 mutant. Moreover, the accumulation level of cpHSP70‐2 was negatively correlated with the chalky ratio, indicating that cpHSP70‐2 is a causal gene for the chalkiness of the flo11‐2 mutant. The intrinsic ATPase activity of recombinant cpHSP70‐2 was lower by 23% at Vmax for the flo11‐2 mutant than for the wild type. The growth of DnaK‐defective Escherichia coli cells complemented with DnaK with the D201V mutation (equivalent to the D259V mutation) was severely reduced at 37°C, but not in the wild‐type DnaK. The results indicate that the lowered cpHSP70‐2 function is involved with the chalkiness of the flo11‐2 mutant.
Use of indirect computed tomography lymphangiography to determine metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in dogs with a pre‐operative diagnosis of melanoma or mast cell tumour
Authors: Grimes Janet A. , Secrest Scott A. , Wallace Mandy L. , Laver Travis , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: March 2020

Canine melanomas and mast cell tumours (MCTs) frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, worsening prognosis compared with dogs without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is more specific than evaluation of the lymph node closest to the tumour, which may not be the draining lymph node. Computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) allows for SLN identification and one study of canine mammary tumours found that CTL was able to assist in determination of the metastatic status of inguinal SLNs prior to extirpation and histopathology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CTL for use in determining metastasis to the SLN in dogs with a pre‐operative diagnosis of melanoma or MCT in various locations by correlating CTL findings with histopathology. The hypothesis was that CTL would not be able to determine the metastatic status of lymph nodes, based on author experience. Dogs were prospectively enrolled and underwent CTL and subsequent SLN extirpation. Histopathology results for the primary tumour, SLN, and additional extirpated lymph nodes were recorded. Fifteen dogs were enrolled and 21 SLN were evaluated. The SLN enhancement pattern (heterogeneous, homogenous or peripheral) was not associated with metastasis, nor was the attenuation value at 1 minute, 5 minutes, or the change in attenuation value. No correlation was found between CTL findings and metastatic status of SLNs. Based on these results, CTL alone cannot be used to diagnose SLN metastasis. Extirpation of the SLN with histopathology is recommended to diagnose lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanoma and MCT.
A case of T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia progressing to Richter syndrome with central nervous system involvement in a dog
Authors: Conway Elizabeth A. , Waugh Elspeth M. , Knottenbelt Clare
Published: March 2020

An 8‐year‐old neutered Beagle dog was presented with polyuria and polydipsia. Routine clinicopathologic testing showed a significant lymphocytosis and proteinuria. Lymphocytes were of small to intermediate in size with a mature morphology. Infectious disease screening was negative. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements showed a clonal T‐cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement consistent with T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow cytology showed <30% lymphocytes, while the proportion in splenic fine‐needle aspirate cytology was considered increased. The dog was initially monitored but started on prednisolone and chlorambucil therapy 2 months later due to worsening clinical signs and progressive lymphocytosis. After an additional 2 weeks, the dog developed multifocal spinal pain and single‐node lymphadenomegaly. Cytology of the lymph node showed a monomorphic population of large lymphoblasts consistent with lymphoma. Cytology of a cerebrospinal fluid sample also showed large lymphoblasts. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement at both sites showed a clonal TCR rearrangement of the same molecular size as in the initial leukemic cells. The dog was diagnosed with a transformation of the CLL to Richter syndrome (RS) with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Therapy was started with L‐asparaginase and an increased dose of prednisolone; however, the dog was euthanized due to progressive clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canine RS with direct involvement of the CNS.
Online Journalism: Crowdsourcing, and Media Websites in an Era of Participation
Authors: Antonopoulos Nikos , Konidaris Agisilaos , Polykalas Spyros , Lamprou Evangelos
Published: March 2020

The era of journalism and the participation of the readers on online media websites have changed online journalism. The research interest is now focused on removing the distinction between the publisher/entrepreneur and the journalist/user, with the ultimate goal of actively involving citizens in the journalistic process but also in the web presence of media websites. The evolution of technology, the deep media crisis and the growing dissatisfaction of the citizens, create the conditions for journalism to work with citizens, and in particular through citizen journalism and journalism crowdsourcing. This concept is a form of collective online activity in which a person or a group of people volunteer to engage in work that always involves mutual benefit to both sides. The main research question of this research concerns the analysis of the current situation regarding crowdsourcing, co-creation and UGC and the adoption of best practices such as crowdcreation, comments from the users, crowdwisdom, instant-messaging applications (MIMs) and crowdvoting used by media websites around the world. Very few media have tried to apply even nowadays, the proposed model of journalism, which this study is going to research. The results of the study shape new perspectives and practices for online journalism and democracy.
Projective objects and the modified trace in factorisable finite tensor categories
Authors: Gainutdinov Azat M. , Runkel Ingo
Published: March 2020

For ${\mathcal{C}}$ a factorisable and pivotal finite tensor category over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero we show:

(1)

${\mathcal{C}}$ always contains a simple projective object;

(2)

if ${\mathcal{C}}$ is in addition ribbon, the internal characters of projective modules span a submodule for the projective $\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-action;

(3)

the action of the Grothendieck ring of ${\mathcal{C}}$ on the span of internal characters of projective objects can be diagonalised;

(4)

the linearised Grothendieck ring of ${\mathcal{C}}$ is semisimple if and only if ${\mathcal{C}}$ is semisimple.

Results (1)–(3) remain true in positive characteristic under an extra assumption. Result (1) implies that the tensor ideal of projective objects in ${\mathcal{C}}$ carries a unique-up-to-scalars modified trace function. We express the modified trace of open Hopf links coloured by projectives in terms of $S$-matrix elements. Furthermore, we give a Verlinde-like formula for the decomposition of tensor products of projective objects which uses only the modular $S$-transformation restricted to internal characters of projective objects. We compute the modified trace in the example of symplectic fermion categories, and we illustrate how the Verlinde-like formula for projective objects can be applied there.
Erratum: “A Reaffirmation of Fracture Toughness Requirements for ASME Section VIII Vessels for Service Temperatures Colder Than 77 K” [ASME. J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 2017, 139(4), p. 041407. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036138]
Authors: Sampath Krishna
Published: March 2020

Dr. Owen Gruelich and Mr. David Roth requested removal of their names from Acknowledgements
A New Correlation for Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Vertical Narrow Microchannel
Authors: Chen Zengchao , Li Wei , Li Junye , Zhou Kan , Feng Zhaozan
Published: March 2020

Experimental research of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of de-ionized water in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating, vertical rectangular microchannel having a hydraulic diameter of 0.94 mm (5.01 mm × 0.52 mm) is carried out. The tested heat flux, mass flux, and inlet fluid subcooling are in the ranges of 0–30 W/cm2, 200–500 kg/m2 s, and 5–20 °C, respectively. A series of 24 existing correlations for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer are systematically reviewed and evaluated against the experimental data containing 328 points, which give significantly different predictions. Some typical conventional correlations such as Kandlikar, Shah, Chen, and Liu and Winterton predict well, among which the Shah correlation performs the best with the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 10.45%. However, they all neglect the effect of fluid subcooling, especially in low-subcooling regime. Based on the Shah correlation, a new correlation for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer in the vertical narrow microchannel considering the subcooling effect is developed, which shows higher precision of prediction with the MAD of 7.87%.
Thermal Performance of Metal Foam Heat Sink With Pin Fins for Nonuniform Heat Flux Electronics Cooling
Authors: Li Yongtong , Gong Liang , Xu Minghai , Joshi Yogendra
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a concept of metal foam heat sink with pin fins (MFPF heat sink) is proposed to improve the cooling performance of high-powered electronics with nonuniform heat flux. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the thermohydraulic performance of MFPF heat sink, and the metal foam (MF) heat sink and traditional pin fin (PF) heat sink are employed for comparison. The capability of MFPF heat sink in handling nonuniform heat flux is examined under different power levels. It indicates that the MFPF heat sink greatly enhances the heat transfer performance, due to the common effects of the improved flow distribution and enhanced overall effective thermal conductivity (ETC). Results also show that the MFPF heat sink promotes the improvement of the bottom wall temperature uniformity. Porosity has more pronounced effects on heat transfer performance of MFPF heat sink than pore density. A nonuniform distribution heat flux (15–80–15 W/cm2) can be successfully dissipated using the proposed MFPF heat sink with the junction temperature below 95 °C at Re of 500.
Validation of Analytical Model for Turboelectric Power System for Preliminary Design Purposes
Authors: Moody Kylar J. , Replogle Cole J. , Rouser Kurt P.
Published: March 2020

Small, electrically powered, unmanned aircraft are limited in the range and endurance due to inherently low energy density of batteries, prompting the development of hybrid gaselectric power systems. Turbo-electric power systems fill this gap by leveraging the high power density of electric flight in conjunction with the high energy density of hydrocarbon fuels, while mitigating some issues encountered with piston-based hybrid systems. Previous studies have evaluated the electrical system for a 7.3 kW turbo-electric system for small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) and suggest that power system electrical efficiencies range between 60% and 70%; however, the driving system parameters which dictate this efficiency are not discussed in detail. Thus, there is a critical need to develop a design tool which can be used to estimate electrical efficiency and show how different parameters affect the system. An overall system transfer function must be developed and evaluated thoroughly to determine the reliability and accuracy of modeling methods. Classical methods are used in developing the models, making models general and not specific to one system. Measurements included generator shaft speed, as well as rectified power, voltage, and current. Results of the steady-state behavior form a basis for developing an analytical model that includes both empirical and theoretical power system behavior. This model will pave the way for design down-selection when designing and realizing a turbo-electric powertrain.
Increased carotid stiffness detected by ultrafast ultrasound imaging is associated with the Gensini score
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Ying , Geng Xu , Zhao Shuai , Sun Yi-Xue , Wang Yi-Bin
Published: March 2020

Aim: To test the ability of carotid stiffness evaluated by using ultrafast ultrasound imaging to indicate coronary atherosclerosis and its association with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 131 patients with CAD and 60 normal controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound. Carotid stiffness was determined by ultrafast ultrasound imaging, with which the carotid pulse wave velocity at the beginning (PWVBS) and end (PWVES) of systole were calculated. Gensini scores based on coronary angiography were used to estimate the severity of CAD.Results: Compared with normal controls, the CAD patients had higher carotid diameters, cIMT, PWVBS and PWVES (p < 0.05). In the CAD group, Gensini scores correlated significantly with cIMT, PWVBS and PWVES (r = 0.279, p = 0.001; r = 0.661, p < 0.001; r = 0.620, p < 0.001; respectively). The multivariate analysis further indicated that PWVBS, PWVES and body mass index were independently associated with the Gensini score (β = 0.466, p < 0.001; β = 0.308, p < 0.001; and β = 0.209, p = 0.001; respectively). In addition, the sensitivity and specificity were 54% and 83%, respectively, for PWVBS (cutoff value, 6.9 m/s; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.70) and 64% and 83%, respectively, for PWVES (cutoff value, 8.0 m/s; area under the curve, 0.73).Conclusions: Increased carotid PWVBS and PWVES detected by ultrafast ultrasound imaging as indices of carotid stiffness might serve as promising indicators for CAD and its severity.
Effects of material parameters on the transient dynamics of an impacted plate with partial constrained layer damping treatment
Authors: Oulmane Abdelhak , Ross Annie
Published: March 2020

Due to their dynamic properties, viscoelastic materials are largely used in different sectors of industry to reduce noise and vibration in mechanical structures. In particular, partial constrained layer damping (PCLD) treatments have been used and studied in order to lessen stationary vibration and ringing noise. In the present work, simulations are performed to predict the effect of PCLD on the initial transient dynamic response of a planar impacted structure. The structure is a simply supported, rectangular aluminum plate impacted at its center with a small steel sphere. A parametric study is carried out based on a finite element model using ABAQUS 6.5 [Dassault Systèmes (ABAQUS Inc., Silicon Valley, CA)], whose results are well correlated with previous experiments. The model reflects the effects of several PCLD parameters on the initial transient response of the padded plate. The results from the parametric study show that the stiffness of the viscoelastic layer is a crucial parameter in the initial transient dynamic response of the impacted plate. It is also shown that the pads locally modify the dynamic properties of the plate thus causing changes in the time evolution of the deformation field. The combined use of PCLD to reduce both the initial transient response of the impacted structure and the ensuing flexural vibration could open the way for a better reduction of impact noise.
Race to find COVID-19 treatments accelerates
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai , Cohen Jon
Published: March 2020

WHO launches megatrial to test repurposed drugs and experimental drug candidates.
The bias detective
Authors: Starr Douglas
Published: March 2020

Psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt explores the roots of unconscious bias—and its tragic consequences for U.S. society.
Evolution gets personal
Some Assembly Required
Neil Shubin
Pantheon, 2020. 288 pp.
Authors: Goldman Michael A.
Published: March 2020

Engaging anecdotes add intimacy to tales of Earth's 4 billion years of evolution
Quantifying mutations in healthy blood
Authors: Curtis Christina
Published: March 2020

Mutated clones in healthy tissues may hold clues for the earlier detection of malignancy
Surprises for climate stability
Authors: Stocker Thomas F.
Published: March 2020

An ocean sediment record reveals chaotic ocean circulation changes during warm climates
Leadership to change a culture of sexual harassment
Authors: Córdova France
Published: March 2020

The U.S. National Science Foundation is implementing and refining policies aimed at combatting harassment
Contrasting Patterns of Functional Diversity in Coffee Root Fungal Communities Associated with Organic and Conventionally Managed Fields
Authors: Sternhagen Elizabeth C. , Black Katie L. , Hartmann Eliza D. L. , Shivega W. Gaya , Johnson Peter G. , McGlynn Riley D. , Schmaltz Logan C. , Asheim Keller Rebecca J. , Vink Stefanie N. , Aldrich-Wolfe Laura
Published: March 2020

Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management may influence rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but it also maintains a greater richness of saprotrophic, plant-pathogenic, and mycoparasitic fungi that has implications for the efficiency of nutrient cycling and regulation of plant pathogen populations in agricultural systems. As well as influencing community composition and richness of rhizosphere fungi, shade management and use of fungicides and synthetic fertilizers altered the trophic structure of the coffee agroecosystem.
The Dynamin-Like GTPase FgSey1 Plays a Critical Role in Fungal Development and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Chong Xuefa , Wang Chenyu , Wang Yao , Wang Yixiao , Zhang Liyuan , Liang Yuancun , Chen Lei , Zou Shenshen , Dong Hansong
Published: March 2020

Fusarium graminearum
is a major plant pathogen that causes
Fusarium
head blight (FHB) of wheats worldwide. In addition to reducing the plant yield,
F. graminearum
infection of wheats also results in the production of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins, which are harmful to humans and animals and therefore cause great economic losses through pollution of food products and animal feed. At present, effective strategies for controlling FHB are not available. Therefore, understanding the regulation mechanisms of fungal development, pathogenesis, and DON biosynthesis is important for the development of effective control strategies of this disease. In this study, we demonstrated that a dynamin-like GTPase protein Sey1/atlastin homologue, FgSey1, is required for vegetative growth, DON production, and pathogenicity in
F. graminearum
. Our results provide novel information on critical roles of FgSey1 in fungal pathogenicity; therefore, FgSey1 could be a potential target for effective control of the disease caused by
F. graminearum
.
Boundaries of a systemic disease: a protean presentation of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Mesquita António , Camara Lara , Patrício Catarina , Brotas Vítor
Published: March 2020

A 60-year-old man was hospitalised with persistent fever, arm pain, dry cough and cholestasis. Diagnostic workup was remarkable for elevated inflammatory markers. Infectious diseases and autoimmune screening were negative. Imaging modalities excluded a neoplastic aetiology. Liver biopsy was negative for granulomatous or lymphomatous infiltrations. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) was suspected, but temporal artery Doppler ultrasound and biopsy were non-diagnostic. A positron emission tomography scan showed intense metabolic uptake in large vessels suggesting the diagnosis of GCA. Prednisolone was initiated with clinical and analytical improvement. At 1-year follow-up, there were no relapses and the patient remains symptom free.
ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis on initial presentation
Authors: Kazakova Vera , Alarcon Velasco Sylvia V , Perepletchikov Aleksandr , Lathan Christopher S
Published: March 2020

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is progression of the primary cancer to the peritoneum that is seen in only 1.2% of patients with lung cancer. It is associated with poor prognosis especially if present at the time of initial cancer diagnosis. The predisposing factors for peritoneal spread are not yet well understood. It has been suggested that the oncogene status of the tumour can influence the patterns of metastatic spread. There is not enough data about the role of c-ROS oncogene 1 (ROS1) mutation in the development of PC in non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we describe a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with new-onset ascites and was found to have PC. He was diagnosed with ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. No obvious primary tumour was identified. Patient responded well to targeted therapy with crizotinib and remained 6 months free of disease progression.
Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Authors: Chen Tao , Wu Di , Chen Huilong , Yan Weiming , Yang Danlei , Chen Guang , Ma Ke , Xu Dong , Yu Haijing , Wang Hongwu , Wang Tao , Guo Wei , Chen Jia , Ding Chen , Zhang Xiaoping , Huang Jiaquan , Han Meifang , Li Shusheng , Luo Xiaoping , Zhao Jianping , Ning Qin
Published: March 2020

Objective

To delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China.

Participants

Among a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020.

Main outcome measures

Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms.

Results

The median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients.

Conclusion

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19.