bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Sulfinamides. Part 12. Substituted 4‐(2‐Alkenesulfinyl) morpholines: Preparation and Conversion into the Corresponding Sulfinic Derivatives, Esters or Acids, Precursors of Olefins of Controlled Stereochemistry.
Authors: BAUDIN J.‐B. , JULIA S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Directed Nazarov Cyclizations: A Controlled Synthesis of Cross‐Conjugated 2‐Cyclopenten‐1‐ones.
Authors: ICHIKAWA J. , MIYAZAKI S. , FUJIWARA M. , MINAMI T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Norbornyllithium as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Novel Organic 1‐ Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane Derivatives and for the Improved Preparation of 1‐Chloro‐bicyclo(2.2.2)octane.
Authors: KOSTOVA K. , DIMITROV V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of α‐Benzylacrylic Acid.
Authors: ISSA J. , ANDREWS P. R. , ISKANDER M. N. , REISS J. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cooperative Reactions of 1,2‐Bis(diazoketone)s. The First Syntheses of trans‐Hydro‐1H‐2‐inden‐1‐ones.
Authors: NAKATANI K. , TAKADA K. , ISOE S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Monobrominated Pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: GROENENDAAL L. , VAN LOO M. E. , VEKEMANS J. A. J. M. , MEIJER E. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Histamine H2‐Receptor Antagonist Activity of 4‐(1‐ Pyrazolyl)butanamides, Guanidinopyrazoles, and Related Compounds.
Authors: BUSCHAUER A. , MOHR R. , SCHUNACK W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of 2‐Aryl‐4‐piperidones. Part 10. Synthesis of 3‐Aminopiperidines, Potential Substance P Antagonists.
Authors: DIEZ A. , VOLDOIRE A. , LOPEZ I. , RUBIRALTA M. , SEGARRA V. , PAGES L. , PALACIOS J. M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New General Method for the Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxylated 3‐ Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: SANMARTIN R. , OLIVERA R. , MARTINEZ DE MARIGORTA E. , DOMINGUEZ E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Troeger′s Base Analogues.
Authors: BAG B. G. , MAITRA U.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,4‐Thia(selena)azaphospholines and Phospholidines.
Authors: KAMALOV R. M. , STEPHANOV G. S. , LITVINOV I. A. , PUDOVIK M. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Radermachol.
Authors: JOSHI B. S. , JIANG Q. , RHO T. , PELLETIER S. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Novel Amino Acid Linked Phosphoryl Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives.
Authors: CHEN R.‐Y. , WANG H.‐L. , ZHOU J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Xaa‐Gly‐Xaa′ Keto‐Methylene Tripeptide Isosteres Incorporating Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Valine Units.
Authors: LYGO B. , RUDD C. N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectively Tosylated Aldonolactones as Precursors for Highly Functionalized, Enantiomerically Pure Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: FRANK H. , LUNDT I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Furopyrimidine Diones: Cyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: RENAULT J. , JOURDAN F. , LADUREE D. , ROBBA M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Micropeptin 90, a Plasmin and Trypsin Inhibitor from the Blue‐Green Alga Microcystis aeruginosa (NIES‐90).
Authors: ISHIDA K. , MURAKAMI M. , MATSUDA H. , YAMAGUCHI K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of (‐)‐Dihydroprotolichesterinic Acid via Consecutive Stereocontrolled 1,4‐Conjugate Addition and syn‐Aldol Condensation Reactions.
Authors: BANKS M. R. , DAWSON I. M. , GOSNEY I. , HODGSON P. K. G. , THORBURN P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ring‐A Aromatic Steroids
Authors: BIJOY P. , NAIK R. G. , SHIVAKUMAR U. , RAO G. S. R. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Self‐Assembly of Redox‐Active and Photoactive Catenanes and Rotaxanes
Authors: PREECE J. A. , STODDART J. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization and Application of Calixarenes
Authors: VERBOOM W. , VREEKAMP R. H. , RUDKEVICH D. M. , REINHOUDT D. N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reactions: Polar Addition
Authors: KOCOVSKY P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Platinum‐Metal Group Catalysts
Authors: STOICA M. , CALDARARU M. , IONESCU N. I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Melanins and Melanogenesis
Authors: PROTA G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring 1,7‐Diarylheptanoids
Authors: CLAESON P. , TUCHINDA P. , REUTRAKUL V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Influence of Surface Composition of Nanoparticles on their Interactions with Serum Albumin
Authors: Treuel Lennart , Malissek Marcelina , Gebauer Julia Susanne , Zellner Reinhard
Published: September 2010

Interactions between differently functionalised silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) as well as polystyrene nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. It is found that the addition of NPs to the protein solution destroys part of the helical secondary structure of the protein as a result of surface adsorption. From the loss of free protein and hence the extent of their structural change adsorption equilibrium constants are derived. The results reveal that citrate‐coated gold and silver NPs exhibit much stronger interactions with BSA than polymeric or polymer‐coated metallic NPs. It is therefore concluded that for the particles considered, the influence of surface composition on the interaction behaviour dominates that of the core.
Commentaries on ‘Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department’
Authors: Mansbach Jonathan M. , Camargo Carlos A. , Plint Amy C.
Published: September 2010

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Doan Q, Enarson P, Kissoon N, Klassen TP, Johnson DW. Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006452. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006452.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinase suppressor of Ras 1 is required for full ERK activation in thymocytes but not for thymocyte selection
Authors: Filbert Erin L. , Nguyen AnhCo , Markiewicz Mary A. , Fowlkes B. J. , Huang Yina H. , Shaw Andrey S.
Published: September 2010

The scaffold protein kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is critical for efficient activation of ERK in a number of cell types. Consistent with this, we observed a defect in ERK activation in thymocytes that lack KSR1. Interestingly, we found that the defect was much greater after PMA stimulation than by CD3 activation. Since ERK activation is believed to be important for thymocyte development, we analyzed thymocyte selection in KSR1‐deficient (KSR1−/−) mice. We found that positive selection in two different TCR transgenic models, HY and AND, was normal. On the other hand, negative selection in the HY model was slightly impaired in KSR1−/− mice. However, a defect in negative selection was not apparent in the AND TCR model system or in an endogenous superantigen‐mediated model of negative selection. These results suggest that, despite a requirement for KSR1 for full ERK activation in thymocytes, full and efficient ERK activation is not essential for the majority of thymocyte selection events.
Klebsiella pneumoniae‐triggered DC recruit human NK cells in a CCR5‐dependent manner leading to increased CCL19‐responsiveness and activation of NK cells
Authors: Van Elssen Catharina H. M. J. , Vanderlocht Joris , Frings Peter W. H. , Senden‐Gijsbers Birgit L. M. G. , Schnijderberg Melanie C. A. , van Gelder Michel , Meek Bob , Libon Christine , Ferlazzo Guido , Germeraad Wilfred T. V. , Bos Gerard M. J.
Published: September 2010

Besides their role in destruction of altered self‐cells, NK cells have been shown to potentiate T‐cell responses by interacting with DC. To take advantage of NK–DC crosstalk in therapeutic DC‐based vaccination for infectious diseases and cancer, it is essential to understand the biology of this crosstalk. We aimed to elucidate the in vitro mechanisms responsible for NK‐cell recruitment and activation by DC during infection. To mimic bacterial infection, DC were exposed to a membrane fraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which triggers TLR2/4. DC matured with these bacterial fragments can actively recruit NK cells in a CCR5‐dependent manner. An additional mechanism of DC‐induced NK‐cell recruitment is characterized by the induction of CCR7 expression on CD56dimCD16+ NK cells after physical contact with membrane fraction of K. pneumoniae‐matured DC, resulting in an enhanced migratory responsiveness to the lymph node‐associated chemokine CCL19. Bacterial fragment‐matured DC do not only mediate NK‐cell migration but also meet the prerequisites needed for augmentation of NK‐cell cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ production, the latter of which contributes to Th1 polarization.
Regulatory T cells can prevent memory CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated rejection following polymorphonuclear cell depletion
Authors: Jones Nick D. , Brook Matthew O. , Carvalho‐Gaspar Manuela , Luo Shiqao , Wood Kathryn J.
Published: September 2010

Accumulating evidence suggests that alloreactive memory T cells (Tm) may form a barrier to tolerance induction in large animals and humans due in part to a resistance to suppression by Treg. However, why Tm are resistant to regulation and how the Tm response to an allograft differs from that of naïve T cells, which are amenable to suppression by Treg, remains unknown. Here, we show that accelerated graft rejection mediated by CD8+ Tm was due to the enhanced recruitment of PMN to allografts in a mouse skin allograft model. Importantly, depletion of PMN slowed the kinetics of (but did not prevent) rejection mediated by Tm and created a window of opportunity that allowed subsequent suppression of rejection by Treg. Taken together, we conclude that CD8+ Tm are not intrinsically resistant to suppression by Treg but may rapidly inflict substantial graft damage before the establishment of regulatory mechanisms. These data suggest that if Tm responses can be attenuated transiently following transplantation, Treg may be able to maintain tolerance through the suppression of both memory and naïve alloreactive T‐cell responses in the long term.
Retraction: Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates in Water
Authors: Pschierer Jan , Plenio Herbert
Published: September 2010

Retraction: No Abstract
Dynamic changes in functional cerebral connectivity of spatial cognition during the menstrual cycle
Authors: Weis Susanne , Hausmann Markus , Stoffers Barbara , Sturm Walter
Published: September 2010

Functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs) in women have been shown to vary with changing levels of sex hormones during the menstrual cycle. Previous studies have suggested that interhemispheric interaction forms a key component in generating FCAs and it has been shown behaviorally and by functional imaging that interhemispheric interaction changes during the menstrual cycle, at least for a left hemisphere dominant task. We used functional MRI and an analysis of functional connectivity to examine whether changes in right hemisphere advantage for a figure comparison task as found in behavioral studies, are based on comparable mechanisms like those identified for the verbal task. Women were examined three times during the menstrual cycle, during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases. The behavioral data confirmed the right hemisphere advantage for the figure comparison task as well as changes of the right hemisphere advantage during the menstrual cycle. Imaging data showed cycle phase‐related changes in lateralized brain activation within the task‐dominant hemisphere and changes in connectivity between nonhomotopic areas of both hemispheres, suggesting that changes in functional brain organization in women during the menstrual cycle are not only restricted to hormone‐related changes of interhemispheric inhibition between homotopic areas, as has been proposed earlier, but might additionally apply to changes of neuronal processes within the hemispheres which seem to be modulated by heterotopic functional connectivity between hemispheres. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine/TDF, and entecavir in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B liver disease
Authors: Liaw Yun-Fan , Sheen I-Shyan , Lee Chuan-Mo , Akarca Ulus Salih , Papatheodoridis George V. , Wong Florence Suet-Hing , Chang Ting-Tsung , Horban Andrzej , Wang Chia , Kwan Peter , Buti Maria , Prieto Martin , Berg Thomas , Kitrinos Kathryn , Peschell Ken , Mondou Elsa , Frederick David , Rousseau Franck , Schiff Eugene R.
Published: September 2010

Data are limited on the safety and effectiveness of oral antivirals other than lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with decompensated liver disease. This Phase 2, double-blind study randomized 112 patients with CHB and decompensated liver disease to receive either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; n = 45), emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF (fixed-dose combination; n = 45), or entecavir (ETV; n = 22). The primary endpoint was safety; more specifically, tolerability failure (adverse events resulting in permanent treatment discontinuation) and confirmed serum creatinine increase ≥0.5 mg/dL from baseline or confirmed serum phosphorus <2 mg/dL. Patients with insufficient viral suppression (e.g., confirmed HBV DNA ≥400 copies/mL at week 8 or 24) could begin open-label FTC/TDF but were considered failures in this interim week 48 analysis for efficacy endpoints. Tolerability failure was infrequent across arms: 6.7% TDF, 4.4% FTC/TDF, and 9.1% ETV (

P

= 0.622) as were confirmed renal parameters meeting threshold 8.9%, 6.7%, and 4.5% (

P

= 1.000), respectively. Six patients died (none considered related to study drug) and six received liver transplants (none had HBV recurrence). The adverse event and laboratory profiles were consistent with advanced liver disease and complications, with no unexpected safety signals. At week 48, HBV DNA was <400 copies/mL (69 IU/mL) in 70.5% (TDF), 87.8% (FTC/TDF), and 72.7% (ETV) of patients. Proportions with normal alanine aminotransferase were: 57% (TDF), 76% (FTC/TDF), and 55% (ETV). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss/seroconversion occurred in 21%/21% (TDF), 27%/13% (FTC/TDF), and 0%/0% (ETV). Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Modification for End-stage Liver Disease scores improved in all groups.

Conclusion:

All treatments were well tolerated in patients with decompensated liver disease due to CHB with improvement in virologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters. (Hepatology 2011.)
Early indications of delayed cognitive development in preschool children born very preterm: evidence from domain‐general and domain‐specific tasks
Authors: Pitchford Nicola , Johnson Samantha , Scerif Gaia , Marlow Neil
Published: September 2010

Cognitive impairment often follows preterm birth but its early underlying nature is not well understood. We used a novel approach by investigating the development of colour cognition in 54 very preterm children born ⩽30 weeks gestational age without severe neurosensory impairment and 37 age‐matched term‐born controls, aged 2–5 years. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the development of colour cognition are well charted throughout the preschool years, enabling delayed from deviant development to be determined. Standardized domain‐general and experimental colour‐specific tests of language, attention, and memory were employed. Very preterm children showed significantly depressed language than term controls, with very preterm group girls significantly outperforming boys. Very preterm children also showed poorer attention and memory than term controls, but not significantly so. Importantly, colour‐specific tests showed qualitatively similar performance, but for naming and executive planning quantitatively poorer performance, across groups, indicating typical but delayed development. Hence, even before school entry, compared with term‐born peers, very preterm children show delayed development of cognitive processes that underpin later scholastic abilities, but the nature by which these processes operate appears to be typical of term children. If left untreated these early developmental delays may underpin later deviations from the typical developmental trajectory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular phone‐based photoplethysmographic imaging
Authors: Jonathan Enock , Leahy Martin J.
Published: September 2010

We present study results on visible light reflection photoplethysmographic (PPG) imaging with a mobile cellular phone operated in video imaging mode. PPG signal components around 0.1 Hz attributed to the sympathetic component of the heart rate, 1 Hz as the heart rate and 2 Hz as heart rate high order harmonic were quantified on the index finger of a healthy volunteer. The green channel reported PPG signals throughout the sampled area. The blue and red channel returned plethysmographic information, but the signal strength was highly position specific. Our results obtained with a cellular phone as the data acquisition device are encouraging, especially in the broad context of personal or home‐based care and the role of cellular phone technology in medical imaging. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of intravenous and intramuscular neridronate regimens for the treatment of paget disease of bone
Authors: Merlotti Daniela , Rendina Domenico , Gennari Luigi , Mossetti Giuseppe , Gianfrancesco Fernando , Martini Giuseppe , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Avanzati Annalisa , Franci Beatrice , Campagna Maria Stella , Strazzullo Pasquale , Nuti Ranuccio
Published: September 2010

Aminobisphosphonates actually represent the most common treatment for Paget disease of bone (PDB). In a previous study we demonstrated that either zoledronic acid (4 mg) or neridronate (200 mg) given as a single intravenous infusion showed a similar short-term efficacy in achieving biochemical remission in up to 90% of patient nonresponders to pamidronate. In this study we compared the long-term (36 months) effects of a same neridronate dose (200 mg) given as an intravenous (100-mg infusion for 2 consecutive days) or intramuscular (25-mg injection weekly for 2 months) regimen in 56 patients with active PDB. All patients were advised to receive calcium plus vitamin D supplementation throughout the study period. At 6 months, 92.6% and 96.5% of patients receiving intravenous and intramuscular neridronate, respectively, achieved a therapeutic response [defined as normalization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels or a reduction of at least 75% in total ALP excess]. The response to treatment was significantly correlated with baseline ALP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at 6 months. The decrease in ALP levels was highest in patients with higher baseline total or bone-specific ALP levels and with higher 25(OH)D levels at 6 months. Response rates were maintained at 12 months but decreased progressively at 24 and 36 months without significant differences between the two neridronate regimens. Both regimens were well tolerated. The only relevant side effect was an acute-phase response occurring in 14% of the patients. In conclusion, these results indicate that a 200-mg intramuscular neridronate course has a similar efficacy as an intravenous infusion of the same dose for the treatment of PDB and might be of particular value for patients intolerant to oral bisphosphonates and unwilling or unable to undergo intravenous infusions. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abnormal reactions of 2‐methoxy‐4,9‐dimethyl‐1‐nitroacridine with selenous acid and selenium(IV) oxide. Synthesis of 1H‐selenopheno[2,3,4‐k,l]acridine‐1‐one: A new seleno‐containing ring system
Authors: Radchenko Oleg S. , Sigida Elena N. , Balaneva Nadezhda N. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Novikov Vyacheslav L.
Published: September 2010

Unusual course of the reaction was revealed on the oxidation of functionally substituted acridine containing the activated methyl groups by well‐known oxidants, such as selenous acid and selenium(IV) oxide. Treatment of 2‐methoxy‐4,9‐dimethyl‐1‐nitroacridine (5) with an excess of H2SeO3 in boiling ethanol gave a mixture of the normal reaction products, 2‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐1‐nitro‐9‐formylacridine (11) (isolated yield 29%) and 2‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐1‐nitroacridine‐9‐carboxylic acid (12) (36%), together with an abnormal product, 3‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐1H‐selenopheno[2,3,4‐k,l]acridine‐1‐one (13) (21%), which is the first example of a new seleno‐containing ring system. With the use of SeO2 the yield of selenolactone 13 was much lower. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins in breakfast cereals and baby food by high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Romagnoli Barbara , Ferrari Maria , Bergamini Cecilia
Published: September 2010

In this study, the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins in foodstuff was investigated. A new kind of multi‐mycotoxin immunoaffinity columns (IACs) available on the market (DZT MS‐PREP®) was tested. A sensitive, selective and accurate method by high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed, with electrospray ionization mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with negative–positive–negative ion switching. The method was used for the analysis of samples marked in Italy, in the frame of official monitoring plans. The advantages of combining IACs and LC–MS/MS technique are as follows: efficient removal of matrix interferences, simple chromatographic outline, high selectivity, low detection limits (DLs) and separation of a wide range of molecules with different physico‐chemical properties in a single run. The method was studied on two different matrices, breakfast cereal and baby food, at contamination levels close to Regulation limits (EC) 1126/2007. The recoveries obtained (60–100%) fulfil the performance criteria required by Regulation (EC) 401/2006. The DL is 60 µg/kg for DON and 10 µg/kg for ZEA, T‐2 and HT‐2. Linearity range of the calibration curves is suitable for adult and baby food. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Furanose C—C‐linked γ‐lactones: a combined ESI FTICR MS and semi‐empirical calculations study
Authors: Amorim Madeira Paulo J. , Xavier Nuno M. , Rauter Amélia P. , Florêncio M. Helena
Published: September 2010

Sugars that incorporate the unsaturated carbonyl motif have become important synthetic targets not only as a result of their potential biological properties but also as precursors in the synthesis of many bioactive products. Moreover, little is known about the influence of the γ‐lactone moiety in the fragmentation pattern of furanose rings. Therefore, two α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactones (butenolides) and two β‐hydroxy γ‐lactones, CC linked to a furanose ring were studied using electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry. The behaviour of the protonated and sodiated forms of the compounds under study has been compared considering their structural features. Fragmentation mechanisms were established and ion structures were proposed taking into account the MS2 and MS3 experiments, accurate mass measurements and semi‐empirical calculations. These inexpensive methods proved to be a valuable resource for proposing protonation sites and for the establishment of fragmentation pathways. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Future directions of structural mass spectrometry using hydroxyl radical footprinting
Authors: Kiselar Janna G. , Chance Mark R.
Published: September 2010

Hydroxyl radical protein footprinting coupled to mass spectrometry has been developed over the last decade and has matured to a powerful method for analyzing protein structure and dynamics. It has been successfully applied in the analysis of protein structure, protein folding, protein dynamics, and protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. Using synchrotron radiolysis, exposure of proteins to a ‘white’ X‐ray beam for milliseconds provides sufficient oxidative modification to surface amino acid side chains, which can be easily detected and quantified by mass spectrometry. Thus, conformational changes in proteins or protein complexes can be examined using a time‐resolved approach, which would be a valuable method for the study of macromolecular dynamics. In this review, we describe a new application of hydroxyl radical protein footprinting to probe the time evolution of the calcium‐dependent conformational changes of gelsolin on the millisecond timescale. The data suggest a cooperative transition as multiple sites in different molecular subdomains have similar rates of conformational change. These findings demonstrate that time‐resolved protein footprinting is suitable for studies of protein dynamics that occur over periods ranging from milliseconds to seconds. In this review, we also show how the structural resolution and sensitivity of the technology can be improved as well. The hydroxyl radical varies in its reactivity to different side chains by over two orders of magnitude, thus oxidation of amino acid side chains of lower reactivity are more rarely observed in such experiments. Here we demonstrate that the selected reaction monitoring (SRM)‐based method can be utilized for quantification of oxidized species, improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio. This expansion of the set of oxidized residues of lower reactivity will improve the overall structural resolution of the technique. This approach is also suggested as a basis for developing hypothesis‐driven structural mass spectrometry experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the numerical integration of an advanced Gurson model
Authors: Bettaieb Mohamed Ben , Lemoine Xavier , Duchêne Laurent , Habraken Anne Marie
Published: September 2010

This article is focused on a new extended version of Gurson's model (J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 1977; 99:2–15), its numerical integration scheme and its consistent tangent matrix being within an FE code. First, this new advanced Gurson model is proposed, which is an extension of the original to take into account plastic anisotropy and mixed (isotropic+kinematic) hardening. In this paper, only the growth phase of cavities is considered (the nucleation of new voids is ignored). Second, a new numerical algorithm for the integration of this new Gurson model is presented. The algorithm is implicit in all variables and is unconditionally stable. This algorithm is generic and could be used for other anisotropic yield functions and other hardening laws. Third, the consistent tangent matrix is computed in an explicit way by exact linearization of the constitutive equations. To check its efficiency and robustness, the proposed integration algorithm is compared, under some simplified assumptions and choices, with the algorithms of Aravas (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 1987; 24:1395–1416) and Kojic (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2002; 53(12):2701–2720). The performance of the developed consistent modulus, compared to other techniques for the computation of the tangent matrix is assessed. The paper ends with numerical simulations of tensile tests on homogeneous and notched specimens. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability of deterministic non‐linear systems subjected to stochastic dynamic excitation
Authors: Pradlwarter H. J. , Schuëller G. I.
Published: September 2010

Engineering structures react to exceptionally high forces caused by, for example, extreme winds, sea waves, earthquakes, avalanches, etc. in a non‐linear way, before they finally collapse. Mostly these environmental loadings cause dynamic excitations which are adequately modeled by the so‐called stochastic processes.

To identify subsets of the excitation, which may trigger failure, methods based on power inputs of the stochastic excitation will be exploited. This procedure is based on the simple consideration that any excitation that maximizes the energy input into the system has the potential to adversely affect the integrity of the structure. This method considers the velocity of the displacement field of the structure and the energy dissipation induced by viscous damping, friction and hysteresis.

For an efficient reliability estimation, the n‐dimensional standard normal space S[0]∈ℜ︁n, in which the stochastic excitation is modeled, is split into two disjunct subspaces S[1]∈ℜ︁m and S[2]∈ℜ︁n−m. The subset S[1]∈ℜ︁m represents the space of important directions, which is identified by a procedure based on an approximation of the gradient of the energy input. Directional sampling in the subspace S[1] and direct Monte Carlo sampling in the subspace S[2] are combined to established an efficient estimator for the structural reliability. The proposed methodology is generally applicable to finite element models with strong non‐conservative non‐linearities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The eventization of faith as a marketing strategy: World Youth Day as an innovative response of the Catholic Church to pluralization
Authors: Pfadenhauer Michaela
Published: September 2010

The declared objective of World Youth Day (WYD), a Catholic Church event staged in a major world city every 2–3 years, is to evangelize youth – including those on the fringes of, and outside, the Church. The 20th WYD, which was held in Cologne, Germany in 2005, was the subject of a project conducted by a research consortium funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The preliminary hypothesis that WYD combines elements of traditionalistic festivals and modernistic events and that this combination yields a new event form – the “hybrid event” – was confirmed.

This paper presents some of the findings gained from an ethnographic investigation of the organization of WYD that was informed by an action‐theory perspective in the tradition of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's sociology of knowledge. From this perspective, which focuses on the goals, strategies, and personal relevancies of the organizing team (German) WYD can be unequivocally reconstructed as a Catholic Church marketing event. The “product” – the Catholic faith, uniquely personified by the Pope – is presented by an elite organizing team in an atmosphere of fun and mystery that especially appeals to young people. Hence, the Catholic Church succeeds in shedding its sometimes fuddy‐duddy image and in bringing young people to perceive it as a vibrant, modern religious institution. This should prove to be a competitive advantage in an age of religious pluralism.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criterion‐related validity of the DAPP‐SF and its utility as a screener for personality disorders in outpatient care
Authors: De Beurs Edwin , Rinne Thomas , Van Kampen Dirk , Verheul Roel , Andrea Helene
Published: September 2010

There is a need in clinical practice for a concise measure to screen for personality pathology in patients seeking treatment for common mental disorders, such as mood or anxiety disorders. A shortened version of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ)—the DAPP‐Short Form (DAPP‐SF), comprising 136 items (6–10 items for each dimension), was tested on its criterion‐related validity and ability to screen for personality disorders. Scores on the dimensions and the second‐order factors of the instrument were compared for two samples: patients with personality disorders (N = 1 091) and a community‐based sample (N = 478). The mean score of the two groups differed significantly on most of the scales of the DAPP‐SF, a finding in support of the criterion‐related validity of the instrument. Identity problems and the second‐order factor emotional dysregulation were best suited to discriminate patients with personality disorders from the control group. Cut‐off values with optimum sensitivity or optimum specificity for screening of personality disorders are presented for men and women separately. In the community sample, the proposed cut‐off value suggests a prevalence of 13.8% for personality disorders. Applied to a sample of patients with mood, anxiety and somatoform disorders (N = 1 329), the proposed cut‐off with optimum specificity suggests a prevalence of 45.6% of personality psychopathology in this sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of amidocoumarins as probes for monitoring of cationic photopolymerization of monomers by fluorescence probe technology
Authors: Ortyl Joanna , Sawicz Katarzyna , Popielarz Roman
Published: September 2010

The performance of 7‐benzamido‐4‐methylcoumarin (B) and 7‐acetamido‐4‐methylcoumarin (C) as fluorescent probes for monitoring of progress of cationic photopolymerization of monomers by fluorescence probe technology has been evaluated in comparison with 7‐diethylamino‐4‐methylcoumarin (A). It has been found that the probes B and C do not cause such a delay of the polymerization start as the probe A does, but in the case of B and C, the cure monitoring using the fluorescence intensity ratio at two wavelengths as an indicator of the polymerization progress is not applicable. An alternative monitoring parameter has been applied successfully and a method for compensation of the effects of probe photolysis is proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Effect of multiple adduct fullerenes on charge generation and transport in photovoltaic blends with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)
Authors: Faist Mark A. , Keivanidis Panagiotis E. , Foster Samuel , Wöbkenberg Paul H. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Bradley Donal D. C. , Durrant James R. , Nelson Jenny
Published: September 2010

The effect of replacing [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by its multiadduct analogs (bis‐PCBM and tris‐PCBM) in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) is studied in terms of blend film microstructure, photophysics, electron transport properties, and device performance. Although the power conversion efficiency of the blend with bis‐PCBM is similar to the blend with PCBM, the performance of the devices with tris‐PCBM is considerably lower as a result of small photocurrent. Despite the lower electron affinity of the fullerene multiadducts, μs‐ms transient absorption measurements show that the charge generation efficiency is similar for all three fullerenes. The annealed blend films with multiadducts show a lower degree of fullerene aggregation and lower P3HT crystallinity than the annealed blend films with PCBM. We conclude that the reduction in performance is due largely to poorer electron transport in the blend films from higher adducts, due to the poorer fullerene network formation as well as the slower electron transport within the fullerene phase, confirmed here by field effect transistor measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Safety in treatment of ventilator‐associated pneumonia due to extensive drug‐resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii with aerosolized colistin in neonates: A preliminary report
Authors: Nakwan Narongsak , Wannaro Jeerawan , Thongmak Tipaporn , Pornladnum Pornpat , Saksawad Ratchanee , Nakwan Narongwit , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya
Published: September 2010

Background

Infections caused by extensive drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR‐AB) have been increasingly observed and are associated with a high mortality rate. We present our experience using aerosolized colistin for the treatment of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) due to XDR‐AB in neonates.

Methods

The clinical data of neonates who received aerosolized 4 mg per kg of colistin base twice daily as an adjunctive therapy for VAP caused by XDR‐AB between July 2008 and September 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The outcomes were compared with the neonates with VAP from XDR‐AB in October 2006–September 2007 who did not receive aerosolized colistin.

Results

During the study period, eight neonates (three preterm and five term neonates) with VAP caused by XDR‐AB received aerosolized colistin. All isolated pathogens from the tracheobronchial specimens of the eight patients were XDR‐AB susceptible to colistin only. Six patients received aerosolized colistin without concomitant intravenous colistin. All children were cured with eradication of XDR‐AB from respiratory secretions. Seven patients survived and were discharged from the hospital, and one died from bacterial sepsis unrelated to the VAP episode. There were no clinical or laboratory adverse events related to aerosolized colistin. Compared to the seven neonates in the earlier period, the neonates who received aerosolized colistin had higher birth weight and gestational age, and lower mortality rate (13% vs. 71%, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Aerosolized colistin may be a useful adjunctive therapy in VAP due to XDR‐AB. The use of aerosolized colistin in neonates should be investigated in a larger controlled study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:60–66. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing protein function by chemical modification
Authors: Wu Yao‐Wen , Goody Roger S.
Published: September 2010

Labeling proteins with synthetic probes, such as fluorophores, affinity tags, and other functional labels is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in vitro, in live cells, or in whole organisms. Recent advancements of chemical methods have substantially expanded the tools that are applicable to modify proteins. In this review, we discuss some important chemical methods for site‐specific protein modification and highlight the application of established techniques to tackle biological questions. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of compressive strain and phase transition characteristics of thin BaTiO3 film grown on LaNiO3/Si substrate
Authors: Qiao Liang , Bi Xiaofang
Published: September 2010

BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films of 100 nm were grown on Si substrates buffered with LaNiO3 (LNO) layers with various thicknesses. X‐ray diffraction and strain analysis demonstrate that the BTO film grown on the LNO of 600 nm is in an in‐plane compressive strain state. The remnant polarization of 10.2 µC/cm2 obtained for the film also indicates the presence of the compressive strain state. However, dielectric measurement reveals a phase transition temperature of 100 °C, lower than the typical value of 120 °C. The result is discussed in terms of the stiffening of soft mode in the center of Brillouin zone. The corresponding domain configuration is also investigated.
Photoelectrochemical etching of cone‐shaped macropores in N‐type Si for solar cell texturization
Authors: Wang X. , Tebib A. , Veschetti Y. , Bastide S.
Published: September 2010

Macropore formation by photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of N‐type crystalline Si under front side illumination has been investigated. We report on two important parameters that influence the pore morphology: the applied anodic bias and the spectral distribution of the illumination source. On (100) c‐Si, the pore morphology changes from a round shape at low bias (0 V/NHE) to a conical shape at high bias (2 V/NHE). In the latter case we show that, by adjusting the spectrum of the white light source with longpass filters of different cut‐on wavelengths, we can control the cone angle of the pores from 50° with white light to 10° with infrared light. Optical measurements indicate that macropores formed with a narrow cone angle (20°) could be of interest for Si solar cell texturization since they result in a very low reflectivity (2.6% at 800 nm) and in an efficient light trapping.