bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overvågningsregimer i skolen
Authors: Munch Drejer Claus
Published: October 2023

Denne artikel handler om de forskellige over- vågningsmetoder, som er blevet anvendt i den danske skole fra 1822 til 2010. Artiklen viser de forskellige overvågningsteknikker, som er blevet anvendt, og kæder dem sammen med den viden som overvågningen giver. Det teoretiske grundlag i artiklen hentes hos Michel Foucault og specielt hans værk “Overvågning og straf”, og Foucaults beskrivelse af Jeremy Benthams panoptikon.

Artiklen begynder med at diskutere over- vågningen i den indbyrdes undervisning, som blev indført ved kongeligt påbud i 1822. I den indbyrdes undervisning var eleverne mål for en hierarkisk overvågning, som havde til hensigt at skærpe konkurrencen mellem eleverne. I slutningen af 1800-tallet fokuserede overvågningen på at skabe sunde og disciplinerede elever. Overvågningen fokuserede på hygiejne, efter at undersøgelser viste, at en stor procentdel af de danske elever led af forskel- lige sygdomme. På dette tidspunkt blev over- vågningen også en del af skolearkitekturen. I mellemkrigsårene blev overvågningen indi- vidualiseret, der skulle drages omsorg for den enkelte elev. Der blev indført IQ-test og stand- punktsprøver, og sundheden blev ligeledes et overvågningstema. I 1970’ernes skole blev gruppearbejde en central undervisningstek- nik, og eleverne skulle nu overvåge hinanden i gruppen. Der blev med andre ord etableret en overvågende relation eleverne i mellem. I 1990’erne blev selvovervågning introduceret, og eleverne skulle sammen med læreren overvåge sin egen fremgang. Efter årtusindeskiftet blev overvågningen sat ind i et system som havde til formål at forbedre elevernes færdig- heder i fagene. Overvågningen efter årtusindeskiftet udmærker sig ved at være omfattende, og sat ind i et lineært system, hvor kommunen overvåger skoler, og staten overvåger alle landets skoler og kommuner.

Overvågningsdiskussionen indeholder også en moral, en kritik af humanismen samt en dis- kussion af, hvordan normaliseringen defineres samt disciplineringens virkemidler. Overvågning i skolen er relateret til diskussionen om, hvilke elever samfundet ønsker skal komme ud af skolen. Overvågning er altså medskaber af eleven.
Do perceived value and satisfaction affect customers’ behavioural intentions? A case study of Polish squash clubs
Authors:   Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland, Piątkowska Monika
Published: October 2023

The aim of the paper is to analyze relations between perceived quality, service convenience and satisfaction of squash customers to present implications for managers who address parents enrolling their children for extracurricular activities with their services. Applying the research framework of García-Fernández et al. (2018), a sample of 120 parents from Legia Warszawa Squash Academy completed an online survey in 2021. The SEM model revealed that perceived quality as well as service convenience had a positive and significant effect on perceived value, which turned out to be a strong predictor of customer satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction showed a very strong positive and significant influence on behavioral intentions of squash customers. The present study makes both a theoretical and a practical contribution to the field of sports management, highlighting the importance of perceived quality and service convenience to deliver expected value to the customer.
Sustainable Development of Environmental Engineering Education
Authors:   , Kalnbaļķīte Antra
Published: October 2023

In the Doctoral Thesis, six different mathematical tools were used – multi-criteria decision analysis, study programme evaluation, performance, bibliometric, system dynamics, and qualitative research – with the aim to develop, analyse and approbate seven modules for assessing the potential and opportunities for sustainable development of environmental engineering education: 1) ranking module; 2) innovative study process module; 3) co-creation implementation module; 4) behaviour module; 5) diplomatic relations module; 6) distance learning module; and 7) scientific innovation transfer module.
“It Was a Brutal Land”: Exploring the Personal and the Political in Damon Galgut’s Small Circle of Beings (1988)
Authors: Pawlicki Marek
Published: October 2023

This article is a critical discussion of Damon Galgut’s Small Circle of Beings (1988) from the perspective of Elleke Boehmer’s postcolonial poetics. The discussion concentrates on the story “The Clay Ox” and the eponymous novella of the collection. It is argued that both the story and the novella convey a tension between the personal and the political by describing the subtleties of human relationships while at the same time showing that even this intensely private dimension of the characters’ existence is shaped by forces that affect the entire nation. As it is shown, Galgut’s collection of stories is rep- resentative of white writing in the times of the interregnum insofar as it depicts isolated, conflicted protagonists, includes the theme of physical and mental disintegration, and ex- plores the state of personal and political precarity.
We Don’t Know What We Want”: The Ups and Downs of Global Travel in Dave Eggers’s You Shall Know Our Velocity (2002)
Authors: Rutkowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

Dave Eggers’s You Shall Know Our Velocity (2002) can be read as a (post) modern voice in the ongoing debate on educational, transformative and redemptive po- tential of foreign travel for the young Americans in the late 1990s. The article focuses on representation of global travel experience in the novel employing American Old World journey conventions on the one hand and tourism-travel dichotomy on the other. The backpackers in Eggers’s novel can be characterized as drifters. Their encounters with otherness most often result in confusion. All in all, the novel downplays the role of travel in the globalized, homogenized world at the turn of the 21st century.
“Life Would Never Feel This Good Again”: The Use of Pastiche in Edgar Wright’s The World’s End (2013)
Authors: Ortega Martin Diana
Published: October 2023

This article explores the ways in which pastiche, the past, and national iden- tity are portrayed and navigated in the concluding film of Edgar Wright’s The Cornetto Trilogy: The World’s End (2013). By focusing on the relationship between the use of the past and pastiche, it will be considered how they are employed to negotiate the notion of national identity. Through its comedic strategies and tropes, the film rebels against a ho- mogenised version of Englishness based on mythical assumptions of the past and striving toward perfection. The dissection of the cinematic structure of pastiche will reveal a tem- poral framework questioning contemporary narratives of national identity. Moreover, the exploration of nostalgia and the past as places of retreat, as well as pastiche as a device of comedic criticism, enable Wright to offer a portrait of Englishness as struggling to recover its identity amidst a turbulent and apocalyptic time.
Discovery and biological evaluation of a potent small molecule CRM1 inhibitor for its selective ablation of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu He , Liu Meisuo , Tian Xibao , Wang Haina , Gao Jiujiao , Li Hanrui , Zhao Zhehuan , Liu Yu , Liu Caigang , Chen Xuan , Yang Yongliang
Published: October 2023

Background:

The overactivation of NF-κB signaling is a key hallmark for the pathogenesis of extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), a very aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma yet with rather limited control strategies. Previously, we found that the dysregulated exportin-1 (also known as CRM1) is mainly responsible for tumor cells to evade apoptosis and promote tumor-associated pathways such as NF-κB signaling.

Methods:

Herein we reported the discovery and biological evaluation of a potent small molecule CRM1 inhibitor, LFS-1107. We validated that CRM1 is a major cellular target of LFS-1107 by biolayer interferometry assay (BLI) and the knockdown of CRM1 conferred tumor cells with resistance to LFS-1107.

Results:

We found that LFS-1107 can strongly suppresses the growth of ENKTL cells at low-range nanomolar concentration yet with minimal effects on human platelets and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment of ENKTL cells with LFS-1107 resulted in the nuclear retention of IkBα and consequent strong suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activities, NF-κB target genes downregulation and attenuated tumor cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, LFS-1107 exhibited potent activities when administered to immunodeficient mice engrafted with human ENKTL cells.

Conclusions:

Therefore, LFS-1107 holds great promise for the treatment of ENKTL and may warrant translation for use in clinical trials.

Funding:

Yang's laboratory was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant: 81874301), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University (Grant: DUT22YG122) and the Key Research project of 'be Recruited and be in Command' in Liaoning Province (Personal Target Discovery for Metabolic Diseases).
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide
Authors: Mullinax Sarah R. , Darby Andrea M. , Gupta Anjali , Chan Patrick , Smith Brittny R. , Unckless Robert L.
Published: October 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While immune genes are often among the fastest evolving genes in the genome, in
Drosophila
, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles are maintained in populations. In this study, we focus on the
Drosophila
antimicrobial peptide Diptericin A, which has a segregating amino acid polymorphism associated with differential survival after infection with the Gram-negative bacteria
Providencia rettgeri
. Diptericin A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common Drosophila gut microbes, especially those of
Lactobacillus plantarum
. In addition to genotypic effects on gut immunity, we also see strong sex-specific effects that are most prominent in flies without functional
diptericin A
. To further characterize differences in microbiomes between different
diptericin
genotypes, we used 16S metagenomics to look at the microbiome composition. We used both lab reared and wild caught flies for our sequencing and looked at overall composition as well as the differential abundance of individual bacterial families. Overall, we find flies that are homozygous serine for
diptericin A
are better equipped to survive a systemic infection from
P. rettgeri
, but in general homozygous arginine flies have a longer lifespan after being fed common gut commensals. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation of
diptericin A
through the complex interactions of sex, systemic immunity, and the maintenance of the gut microbiome.
Sensitive remote homology search by local alignment of small positional embeddings from protein language models
Authors: Johnson Sean R. , Peshwa Meghana , Sun Zhiyi
Published: October 2023

Accurately detecting distant evolutionary relationships between proteins remains an ongoing challenge in bioinformatics. Search methods based on primary sequence struggle to accurately detect homology between sequences with less than 20% amino acid identity. Profile- and structure-based strategies extend sensitive search capabilities into this twilight zone of sequence similarity but require slow pre-processing steps. Recently, whole-protein and positional embeddings from deep neural networks have shown promise for providing sensitive sequence comparison and annotation at long evolutionary distances. Embeddings are generally faster to compute than profiles and predicted structures but still suffer several drawbacks related to the ability of whole-protein embeddings to discriminate domain-level homology, and the database size and search speed of methods using positional embeddings. In this work, we show that low-dimensionality positional embeddings can be used directly in speed-optimized local search algorithms. As a proof of concept, we use the ESM2 3B model to convert primary sequences directly into the 3Di alphabet or amino acid profiles and use these embeddings as input to the highly optimized Foldseek, HMMER3, and HH-suite search algorithms. Our results suggest that positional embeddings as small as a single byte can provide sufficient information for dramatically improved sensitivity over amino acid sequence searches without sacrificing search speed.
Recovery of proteasome activity in cells pulse-treated with proteasome inhibitors is independent of DDI2
Authors: Ibtisam Ibtisam , Kisselev Alexei F.
Published: October 2023

Rapid recovery of proteasome activity may contribute to intrinsic and acquired resistance to FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of proteasome genes in cells treated with sub-lethal concentrations of proteasome inhibitors is upregulated by the transcription factor Nrf1 (NFE2L1), which is activated by a novel DDI2 protease. Here we demonstrate that the recovery of proteasome activity is DDI2-independent and occurs before the upregulation of proteasome gene expression. The recovery requires protein translation, but the efficiency of translation of proteasomal mRNA does not increase upon proteasome inhibition. Based on this data, we propose that the increased efficiency of proteasome assembly is responsible for the recovery of proteasome activity.
How specific molecules can lead to overeating
Authors: Blanco María Gabriela , Rayes Diego
Published: October 2023

A molecular pathway involving compounds found in processed foods and biogenic amines increases food intake and aging in the roundworm C. elegans.
Evaluation of intracranial physiological calcifications in Computed Tomography
Authors: Bhatt Bhupendra Prasad
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Intracranial physiological calcifications are not related to any pathological conditions, rather they are due to the normal deposition of calcium or iron in the different parts of the brain. Computed Tomography (CT) scan is superior to all other modalities in terms of sensitivity in the detection of intracranial physiological calcifications. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and location of intracranial physiological calcifications and also study them according to age and gender.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling technique was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021 at the Department of Radiology and Imaging. CT scan images of every age group were reviewed from the base of the skull to the vertex excluding images with intracranial pathologies, injuries, artifacts, contrast enhancement and the patients with follow-up scans. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was primarily preferred accompanied by inferential statistics.

Results: Out of 412 patients, 60.7% were male and the mean age was 41.16 ±19.915 years. The total number of calcifications was 795. 92.8% of patients showed calcifications. Males had a higher number of calcifications. The highest number of calcifications was seen in the age group 20-30. The highest calcification was seen in the pineal gland (76%) followed by the choroid plexus (70.4%) and the lowest in the caudate nucleus (0.38%). The earliest age of calcification was 8 years. There was a significant relationship between the increase in age and the increase in calcification (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between male and female calcifications (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study can be useful for clinicians to differentiate normal physiological intracranial calcifications from pathological calcification which will reduce misinterpretation of the calcifications.
Gestão ágil e clientes “cascata”: desafios e alternativas para fábricas de software
Authors: Paes Ana Carolina dos Santos , De Souza Matheus Luiz Pontelo , Bagno Raoni Barros
Published: October 2023

Ambientes marcados por constantes mudanças e incertezas demandam uma abordagem de gestão de projetos diferente da chamada “orientada ao plano”, ou “cascata”, mais adequada a ambientes de alta previsibilidade. Por essa razão, métodos denominados “ágeis” se difundiram rapidamente nos últimos anos, principalmente no ambiente de desenvolvimento de software. Tal difusão pode ser considerada bastante benéfica ao considerarmos que traz uma dinâmica de trabalho superior na relação entre desenvolvedores e clientes em setores dinâmicos com intensa aplicação de novas tecnologias. Contudo, a transversalidade das aplicações de software trouxe também clientes de setores outrora menos intensos na aplicação de novas tecnologias, mais aclimatados a relações institucionais e práticas de gestão mais tradicionais (latecomers tecnológicos ou clientes “cascata"). Nesses casos, os pressupostos da gestão ágil podem suscitar pontos potenciais de conflito nas relações de desenvolvimento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os problemas que afetam a prática da gestão ágil de projetos que envolvem clientes “cascata" visando identificar formas de mitigação. Para isso, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com gestores e clientes envolvidos neste contexto. Os resultados evidenciam desafios de integração de clientes “cascata" em projetos de gestão ágil, além de alternativas para melhoria de desempenho no processo de desenvolvimento de softwares.
Retornos anormais no mercado de capitais – como os eventos impactam os preços?
Authors: Wohlemberg Tiago Ramos , Strassburg Udo
Published: October 2023

Este estudo teve por objetivo a realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional sobre eventos que influenciam o aparecimento de retornos anormais nos preços dos ativos nos mercados de capitais com intuito de se analisar e compreender o estado da arte da literatura sobre o tema e como eventos similares entre si e também diferentes afetam os mercados, em especial quanto ao comportamento dos investidores e eficiência desses mercados. A revisão sistemática tomou por base artigos coletados nos bancos de dados SPELL (nacional) e Scopus (internacional) e foi conduzida por meio uma etapa de levantamento quantitativo do perfil dos estudos e posteriormente uma etapa de meta-síntese dos resultados destes. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que maior parte dos estudos utilizam a metodologia de estudo de eventos para verificar a presença de retornos anormais causados por eventos geradores de informação. Quanto aos eventos com potencial para causar retornos anormais estudados, houve grande diversificação tanto nos estudos nacionais, quanto internacionais. Predominaram-se estudos pautados em bases conceituais (não teóricas), apesar de muitas vezes remeterem a aspectos das Finanças Comportamentais ou eficiência de mercado. Os estudos apresentaram pluralidade de resultados em relação à eficiência de mercado pois alguns evidenciaram continuidade dos preços e outros, descontinuidade, portanto, fugindo de padrões de eventos que se atrelem claramente a eficiência ou ineficiência dos mercados. Estudos pautados nas Finanças Comportamentais permitiram verificar que as alterações nos preços causadas pelos eventos analisados foram de curta duração e posteriormente total ou parcialmente revertidas.
The neutrality principle and the economic efficiency of tax policy: an exploratory study of the legal-economic approach
Authors: E Soares Ricardo de Moraes , Heliodoro Paula , Martins Vanda
Published: October 2023

This study explores the relationship between economic efficiency and the principle of fiscal neutrality and seeks to analyse the application of these concepts in public policy. Economic efficiency is considered one of the main objectives of tax policy and aims at the optimal allocation of public resources. The principle of neutrality seeks to avoid, in response to the effect of tax law enforcement, the existence of distortions in the economy and agents' behaviour. Legal-economic analysis is used to evaluate tax policies, considering the impact of legal rules on decisions and preferences. On the other hand, harmonising efficiency and neutrality criteria are currently considered a real challenge and essential for an exemplary implementation of tax policy. However, it is recognised that no tax is entirely neutral and ex-ante and ex-post analysis is critical to assessing the effectiveness of tax policies.
Estrategias de ajuste empresarial ante el COVID-19 en pueblos mágicos de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Reyes-Santiago María del Rosario , Sánchez-Medina Patricia Soledad
Published: October 2023

La pandemia de COVID-19 presentó una amenaza sanitaria y empresarial para la supervivencia de los negocios familiares. Para facilitar el ajuste durante tiempos críticos las empresas familiares desarrollan estrategias a fin de lograr la sustentabilidad de la organización. Esta investigación analiza, desde la teoría de negocios familiares sustentables: 1) el grado de impacto del Covid-19 en cuanto a la enfermedad y muerte de las partes interesadas de la organización, 2) estrategias de ajuste y 3) el tiempo estimado que las estrategias han ganado para la sobrevivencia de la organización como parte de la sustentabilidad del negocio familiar. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a 98 negocios familiares de dos pueblos mágicos de Oaxaca, México. Con la información obtenida se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones. En la investigación se evidencia la relación entre la disrupción por Covid-19 y las estrategias de ajuste para superarla. También se muestra la relación entre estrategias de ajuste y la supervivencia del negocio familiar después del Covid-19 en el corto y mediano plazo.
Diagnóstico do potencial de indicação geográfica do café da Chapada Diamantina-Bahia sob a ótica da metodologia do SEBRAE
Authors: Lima Daniela Coelho , Dos Santos Eneida Luiza Adorno , Santana Laís de Souza , Oliveira Rafael Santos , Da Conceição Valdir Silva , Silva Daliane Teixeira , Silva Marcelo Santana
Published: October 2023

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e consumidores de café no mundo. Dentro desse panorama, algumas regiões do país apresentam características edafoclimáticas favoráveis e/ou saber-fazer diferenciado para a sua produção, o que resulta em um produto singular. A fim de promover a proteção, diferenciação e valorização desses produtos, esforços têm sido feitos para registrar a Indicação Geográfica (IG). O presente artigo consiste na análise do potencial para Indicação Geográfica do café da Chapada Diamantina, na Bahia. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso através da metodologia para identificação de potenciais Indicações Geográficas brasileiras do Sebrae, para levantamento de dados com as cooperativas da região. Com base nos critérios avaliados foi possível constatar que a região possui as competências necessárias para a obtenção do selo junto ao Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual.
The effect of four-week high ıntensity ınterval training on blood oxygen saturation, body composition and some performance parameters in young male football players
Authors: Aslan Tahir Volkan , Kahraman Muhammed Zahit
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training on blood oxygen saturation, body composition and some performance parameters in young male football players. Pre-test-post-test control group experimental method was used in the study. Twelve experimental (age: 16,33,77 years; height: 171,50,6,23 cm; body weight: 58,33,5,19 kg) and 12 control (age: 16,50,52 years; height: 168,58,5,68 cm; body weight: 58,05,4,60 kg) male football players aged 15-17 years, who regularly exercise and have been playing football for at least 3 years participated in the study. In the study, the experimental group performed high intensity interval training 3 days a week in addition to football training for 4 weeks. The control group only performed routine football training.  In the study, height and body weight, resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, body composition, 20 m sprint test, Illinois agility test and Yo-Yo interval running test were applied as pre and post tests. The normality level of the data was determined by Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent Sample T Test for independent groups and Paired Sample T Test for dependent groups were used to analyse the normally distributed data. According to the findings of the study, while statistical significance was determined in blood oxygen saturation, body composition, Illinois agility test and Yo-Yo interval running parameters of the experimental group (p<0.05), no significant difference was found in 20 m sprint test (p>0.05).  According to the results of the study, it can be said that 4-week high intensity interval training has positive effects on blood oxygen saturation, body composition and performance parameters in young male football players.
An Analysis of the Dawn Vocalisation of a Male Grey Shrikethrush (Colluricincla harmonica)
Authors: Guppy Michael , Fullagar Peter
Published: October 2023

The vocalisations of the Grey Shrikethrush are loud, clear, pleasing to the ear, and a stand-out feature of the bird song in areas in which they occur. However, data on these vocalisations in the literature are sparse, as are any attempts at either quantitative or qualitative analysis. Consequently, almost nothing is known about the character of this very obvious song. We made eight recordings of the dawn song of a male individual at the start of the breeding season on the south-east coast of Australia, in spotted gum forest, 350 km south of Sydney. The song comprised discreet groups of notes which we call syllables. The syllables are sung about every 5-10 seconds, and the individual produced 20 different syllables over the course of the eight recordings. Various analyses revealed that new syllables were added gradually over the recording period, and reached a maximum number at the sixth recording, nine days after the first recording. The frequency of use of particular syllables varied markedly, it was common for some syllables to be used as repeats, particular heterogeneous syllable couplets were commonly used as alternations, and the sequence of syllables could be remarkably similar between different recordings. We suggest a way forward to determine whether these patterns are a common feature of the vocalisations of this species.
Factors Influencing Community Development Professionals Performance at Workplace in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Muhoho Jackson Ezekiel , Mhina Juma Almasi
Published: October 2023

This paper focuses on factors influencing CD professionals’ performance in Tanzania with reference to selected local government councils. The role of community development (CD) professionals is basically to assist and facilitate the formulation and implementation of strategic policy interventions by the government to address challenges of service and goods deli23very to communities. However, their roles are not well known among the authorities, which causes their work performance and the factors affecting them to not be clearly known. A sample of 80 respondents, which included community development officers (CDOs) and district community development officers (DCDOs), was used. A key informant interview was used to elicit information from government administrators. CDOs and DCDOs were drawn from seven (7) selected district councils, namely Meru, Arusha, Arusha City, Monduli, Hai, Moshi DC, and Moshi MC. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and documentary review, then analyzed using a Likert scale, where statement(s) like most favorable, favorable, neutral, unfavorable, and most unfavorable were used to show the favoritism of the factor(s) influencing CD professionals work performance. With the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), descriptive statistics were produced and presented in tabular form. It was found that budget allocation, motivation package, leadership style, work climate, respect for professionalism, and experts positively or significantly influence CD professionals’ work performance. This paper recommends that improving factors such as budgetary allocation, favorable work climate, leadership style, motivation package, job autonomy, employee/employer relationships, strategic plans, and career development at work will enhance CD workers’ performance and hence improve community well-being.
Measuring the Voltage, Current and Resistance of the LDR Sensor through the Arduino UNO
Authors: Mustafa Kujtim R. , Mustafa Ragmi M. , Ramadani Refik M.
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to build an intelligent electronic system based on LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor. A very interesting but also very useful part of this scientific research is the measurement of electrical quantities with high precision as intelligent machines know and can achieve, and one of them in this case is the Arduino Uno microcontroller. These measurements of electrical quantities such as voltage, resistance, and current intensity are used in programmable logic in the microcontroller to decide when to light a light or more and when not to light. Of course, this problem has been solved by using the LDR sensor in the electronic system. Such an electronic and programmable system works perfectly. The work itself contains solutions of electrical circuits in an analytical way, connection of electronic circuits with the Arduino Uno module, communication with the input and output devices of the ATMEGA 328P microcontroller interface and the fusion of the source code - Sketch. This paper will serve as a good basis for further research in determining the wavelength of light which represents an obstacle for people with vision problems. All the measurements of electrical quantities through the Arduino Uno microcontroller have also been confirmed with the measurements made through the universal voltmeter instrument. The results of each measurement are very approximate, of course, many times faster and more accurate than those with a microcontroller.
Hematological and Coagulation Features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen
Authors: Balkam Fuad Ahmed , Al-Kamarany Mohammed Amood
Published: October 2023

Background: The blood parameters are very important markers for the progression of COVID-19 infection and predicator for severity.

Objectives: Therefore, the study aimed to describe the hematological and coagulation features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methodology: The descriptive study (a case series) included 49 patients that were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by the real time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with COVID-19. The patients were extremely debilitated, the severe and critical cases were treated in the isolation center (inpatient). Hematological parameters and coagulation tests were measured based on standards methods.

Results: The results revealed that 85.7 % of the patients had pretreatment leukocytosis with average count of WBC 15.24 ± 6.18 (×10 9/L). On the other hand, the WBC count, which had reached a peak of 34 (×10 9/L) as maximum value.  Also, the reduction of the lymphocytes (lymphopenia) associated with COVID -19 infection was up to 1 % with average (8.75 ± 6.92 %).  The neutrophils increased (neutrophilia) to 98 % with average (87.40±8.45%). In addition, the thrombocytopenia was reported in 2/49 cases (4.08 %), and low in hemoglobin (severe anemia) was reported in 5/49 case (10.20 %).  The coagulation tests revealed increased in D-dimer levels (p < 0.05) in severe and critical patients. On the other hand, the results showed normal in prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:  The study concluded that decrease in lymphocytes (lymphopenia), increase in NLR in patients with severe COVID-19 infection and increase in D-dimer are good predicator for progressive and severity illness in COVID-19 infection.
Effect of Silicon and Nutrients on Growth, Flowering and Corm Traits of Gladiolus under Normal Soil Conditions
Authors: Swaroop Kishan , Sindhu K. , Singh Kanwar P. , Sharma V. K. , Bhatia Reeta , Kumar Arun
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during the year 2021-22 to know the effect of silicon and nutrients on growth, flowering and corm traits of gladiolus under normal soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatment combinations and three replications. A gladiolus variety, Pusa Shanti with different levels of nutrients and silica oxide concentrations with soil and foliar applications was accommodated in the experiment. The data for growth, floral, corms traits including physiological characters were collected and compiled, statistically analyzed. The results of experiment indicated that   combined application of silicon with soil and foliar spray along with nutrients significantly influenced all the vegetative, flowering and corm characters in gladiolus and treatment T10 (S1F1N1N2) i.e. silica oxide @ 30 kg ha-1 with soil + 1% foliar application, five times (30 DAP),+10 tones ha-1 vermicompost + 200:100:100kg ha-1NPK was the best and recorded plant height(135.00 cm), spike length (110.66 cm), length of rachis (82.33 cm), vase life in normal tap water (17.00 day) and number of corms/cormels per plant (3.66 and 50.33 respectively)  followed by treatment T11 (S2F1N1N2) which had recorded the maximum sprouting % and more number of florets per spike and T12, as compared to control treatment. Further results also indicated that treatment T10 (S1F1N1N2) had recorded maximum single corm’s weight 51.66 g, diameter of corm 6.03 cm, dry weight of plant 26.33 g; whereas, treatment T11 had recorded maximum fresh weight of plant 155.66 g, total chlorophyll content (a+b) 2.28 mg/g, membrane stability index 82.40 and relative water content 85.33% as compared to control and remaining treatments.
Influence of Selected Soil Properties and Cropping System on Soil Boron Fractions in an Inceptisol of Assam, India
Authors: Tamuly Danish , Baruah Neelom
Published: October 2023

The current research aimed to investigate different boron fractions in diverse cropping systems and assess their relationship with various soil physico-chemical properties. Twenty-four geo-referenced surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from four cropping systems: Rice-Rice, Rice-Fallow, Vegetable-Vegetable, and Plantation crops. The study found that the available boron (ranging from 0.56 to 1.69 mg kg-1) and five boron fractions, including Readily Soluble Boron (0.04-2.41 mg kg-1), Specifically Adsorbed Boron (0.15-1.92 mg kg-1), Oxide Bound Boron (5.18-17.41 mg kg-1), Organically Bound Boron (6.86-20.3 mg kg-1), and Residual Boron (17.73-36.57 mg kg-1), did not significantly differ among the cropping systems. The results revealed that the proportions of these boron fractions in soils followed this order: Readily Soluble B < Specifically Adsorbed B < Oxide Bound B < Organically Bound B < Residual B. Additionally, pH and CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) did not exert a significant influence on soil boron fractions, while Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) significantly impacted Oxide Bound and Organically Bound Boron fractions. Despite the different cropping systems, there were no significant variations in the various boron fractions. Furthermore, the study identified positive correlations between soil organic carbon and Oxide Bound B, Organically Bound B, Specifically Adsorbed B, and Electrical Conductivity (E.C.). The cropping system did not have a significant effect on the diverse boron fractions investigated in this study.
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis of Comparative Advantages of Fisheries Commodities in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Idrus Waode Velya Leona Putri , Khan Alexander , Maulina Ine
Published: October 2023

Aims: This research aims to analyze of comparative and competitive advantages and determine center location of fisheries commodities in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Study Design:  The research was conducted by survey methods.

Place and Duration of Study: Research was conducted in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, three months, starting from July 2023 to September 2023.

Methodology: The data encompasses the commodities' results over a span of seven years (2016 until 2022). Analysis methods used description analysis to determine comparative and competitive advantages of fisheries commodities. Tools analysis used the Location Quotient methods (LQ).

Results: Based on the research conducted, it was found that out of the 27 fish species, the leading fisheries commodity in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, includes Crumenophthalmus sp., Rastrelliger sp., Decapterus sp., Katsuwonus sp., Thunnus sp., Elagatis sp., Coryphaena sp., with the highest catch being Katsuwonus sp., totaling 33,657 tons over the past seven years (2016-2022) and representing the largest catch in Southeast Sulawesi. The results indicate that Skipjack Tuna is the commodity which has comparative and competitive advantages i.e. 37.32 (LQ > 1). Skipjack Tuna production, average 5,816.15 tons per year. Batupoaro District is the center location of  Skipjack Tuna in Baubau City. Production of Skipjack Tuna amount 1,375.50 tons per year or 24% from total production in Baubau City. 

Conclusion: Skipjack Tuna is the commodity which has comparative and competitive advantages in Baubau City. Batupoaro District is the center location of  Skipjack Tuna in Baubau City.
Assembly of Arbitrary Designer Heterostructures with Atomically Clean Interfaces
Authors: Jin Keda , Wichmann Tobias , Wenzel Sabine , Samuely Tomas , Onufriienko Oleksander , Szabó Pavol , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yan Jiaqiang , Tautz F. Stefan , Lüpke Felix , Ternes Markus , Martinez‐Castro Jose
Published: October 2023

Van der Waals heterostructures are an excellent platform for studying intriguing interface phenomena, such as moiré and proximity effects. Many of these phenomena occurring in such heterostructures' interfaces and surfaces have so far been hampered because of their high sensitivity to disorder and interface contamination. Here, it reports a dry polymer‐based assembly technique to fabricate arbitrary designer van der Waals heterostructures with atomically clean surfaces. The key features of the suspended dry pick‐up and flip‐over assembly technique are: 1) the heterostructure surface never comes into contact with polymers, 2) the assemble is entirely solvent‐free, 3) it is entirely performed in a glovebox, and 4) it only requires temperatures below 130 °C. By performing ambient atomic force microscopy and atomically‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy on example heterostructures, it demonstrates the fabrication of air‐sensitive heterostructures with ultra‐clean interfaces and surfaces. It envisions that, due to the avoidance of polymer melting, this technique is potentially compatible with heterostructure assembly under ultra‐high vacuum conditions, which promises ultimate heterostructure quality.
Branched Copolymer Surfactants as Versatile Templates for Responsive Emulsifiers with Bespoke Temperature‐Triggered Emulsion‐Breaking or Gelation
Authors: Rajbanshi Abhishek , Alves da Silva Marcelo , Haslett Niamh , Cranwell Philippa , Cunningham Neil , Mahmoudi Najet , Murnane Darragh , Pavlova Ewa , Slouf Miroslav , Dreiss Cecile , Cook Michael
Published: October 2023

It has been found that the thermoresponsive behavior of emulsions stabilized by block copolymer surfactants (BCSs) can induce either gelation or emulsion break‐up with mild temperature changes. A hydrophilic, steric‐stabilizing component of the BCS, polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), is crucial to control the thermoresponsive behavior of the emulsions: longer PEG chains (950 g mol−1) lead to thermoregulation, whereas shorter PEGM chains (500 or 300 g mol−1) lead to emulsion break‐up upon mild heating. Additionally, the relative abundance of PEGMA to the thermoresponsive component in the BCS controls the gelation temperature of BCS‐stabilized emulsions. Small‐angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the BCS forms oblate ellipsoids which grow anisotropically with temperature. In samples that form a gel, there is evidence that these nano‐objects form supra‐colloidal structures, which are responsible for the gel mesophase formation. An optimal BCS can form emulsions that transition from a liquid to gel state when warmed above 32 °C. This makes the system ideal for in situ gelation upon contact with the body. Overall, this study highlights the great potential of BCSs in generating thermoresponsive emulsions for drug delivery and other healthcare applications.
Micro‐ and Nano‐Structured Bacteria Growth Media for Planar Bio‐Photonics
Authors: Caligiuri Vincenzo , Leone Francesca , Favale Olga , De Santo Maria , Bruno Mauro Daniel Luigi , Mileti Olga , Pane Alfredo , Patra Aniket , Petti Lucia , Guzman‐Puyol Susana , Heredia‐Guerrero José Alejandro , Krahne Roman , Baldino Noemi , Bartolino Roberto , Galluccio Michele , Annesi Ferdinanda , De Luca Antonio
Published: October 2023

Bio‐inspired and biodegradable quantum optics scenarios constitute a pathway toward environmentally friendly front‐end technologies. Such an inspiring perspective necessitates the replacement of classic gain materials with a biological counterpart like photoluminescent bacteria. It is easy to imagine that, in this case, a planar and cell‐viable substitute of classic bulk solid‐states resonators can be highly beneficial. In this paper a micro‐ and nano‐photonic structuration of both a standard and a functionalized version of a typical bacterial growth medium (Luria‐Bertani Agar – LBA) is successfully realized. Three structures belonging to the categories of photonic crystals are replicated, such as quasi‐crystals and meta‐surfaces, demonstrating how the proposed media can be used as templates for high‐end photonic applications. The optical quality of the replicated structures is confirmed by far‐field diffraction measurements. The structured growth media allow for a broad control of the surface wettability by accessing a so‐called Wenzel state, in which the original hydrophilicity of a material is increased due to the photonic structuration. Finally, the suitability of the nano‐structured LBA as a plasmonic platform is evidenced. The proposed micro‐and nano‐structured photonic growth media constitute the first, fundamental step toward quantum optical frameworks from biological media.
Flavivirus Concentrates Host ER in Main Replication Compartments to Facilitate Replication
Authors: Ci Yali , Han Kai , Kong Jie , Huang Shuhan , Yang Yang , Qin Cheng‐Feng , Shi Lei
Published: October 2023

Flavivirus remodels the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate replication compartments (RCs) as the fundamental structures to accommodate viral replication. Here, a centralized replication mode of flavivirus is reported, i.e., flavivirus concentrates host ER in perinuclear main replication compartments (MRCs) for efficient replication. Superresolution live‐cell imaging demonstrated that flavivirus MRCs formed via a series of events, including multisite ER clustering, growth and merging of ER clusters, directional movement, and convergence in the perinuclear region. The dynamic activities of viral RCs are driven by nonstructural (NS) proteins and are independent of microtubules and actin. Moreover, disrupting MRCs formation by small molecule compounds inhibited flavivirus replication. Overall, the findings reveal unprecedented insight into dynamic ER reorganization by flavivirus and identify a new inhibition strategy.
Lipophilic Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs of Anti‐HIV Active Nucleoside Analogs as Potential Antiviral Compounds
Authors: Jia Xiao , Schols Dominique , Meier Chris
Published: October 2023

Nucleoside analogs require three phosphorylation steps catalyzed by cellular kinases to give their triphosphorylated metabolites. Herein, the synthesis of two types of triphosphate prodrugs of different nucleoside analogs is disclosed. Triphosphates comprising: i) a γ‐phosphate or γ‐phosphonate bearing a bioreversible acyloxybenzyl group and a long alkyl group and ii) γ‐dialkyl phosphate/phosphonate modified nucleoside triphosphate analogs. Almost selective conversion of the former TriPPPro‐compounds into the corresponding γ‐alkylated nucleoside triphosphate derivatives is demonstrated in CEM/0 cell extracts that proved to be stable toward further hydrolysis. The latter γ‐dialkylated triphosphate derivatives lead to the slow formation of the corresponding NDPs. Both types of TriPPPro‐compounds are highly potent in wild‐type CEM/0 cells and more importantly, they exhibit even better activities against HIV‐2 replication in CEM/TK− cell cultures. A finding of major importance is that, in primer extension assays, γ‐phosphate‐modified‐NTPs, γ‐mono‐alkylated‐triphosphates, and NDPs prove to be substrates for HIV‐RT but not for cellular DNA‐polymerases α,γ.
Direct Recycling of Hot‐Deformed Nd–Fe–B Magnet Scrap by Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology
Authors: Keszler Monica , Grosswendt Felix , Assmann Anna-Caroline , Krengel Martin , Maccari Fernando , Gutfleisch Oliver , Sebold Doris , Guillon Olivier , Weber Sebastian , Bram Martin
Published: October 2023

Recycling of Nd–Fe–B magnets is an ongoing challenge regarding circular economy. State‐of‐the‐art magnet production methods, such as hot deformation, have limitations with respect to direct recycling of magnet scrap particles that differ from pristine melt‐spun Nd–Fe–B powder. Recent work has shown that a combination of presintering by field‐assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering (FAST/SPS) and hot deformation by flash spark plasma sintering (flash SPS) has the potential to directly produce Nd–Fe–B magnets from 100% scrap material. Both processes have the capability to adjust and monitor process parameters closely, resulting in recycled magnets with properties similar to commercial magnets but made directly from crushed and recycled Nd–Fe–B powder that partially or completely replaces pristine melt‐spun Nd–Fe–B powder. Herein, a systematic study is done inserting recycled magnet particles into a flash SPS deformed magnet, considering the effects of different weight percentages of scrap material of varied particle size fractions. In some cases, coercivity HcJ of >1400 kAm−1 and remanence Br of 1.1 T can be achieved with 20 wt% scrap material. The relationship between particle size fraction, oxygen uptake, and percentage of recyclate in a final magnet are all explored and discussed with respect to magnets made from pristine material.
Biotic influences on drift behaviour of larval white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)
Authors: Coulter Angie , McAdam D. Steven O. , Richardson John S.
Published: October 2023

Drift by larval white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) results in an ontological habitat shift during early life that may be influenced by changes in the trade‐off between mortality risk and growth potential. Despite the importance of early life history to recruitment and conservation, for many species, including white sturgeon, we have a limited understanding of the mechanistic drivers of drift. We tested if two biotic factors, conspecific density and timing of food availability during the yolksac larvae stage, influenced the timing of drift behaviour. We evaluated larval drift timing for yolksac larvae reared in laboratory mesocosms at two densities (10 or 20 larvae) and three feeding initiation times (before exogenous feeding, at the initiation of exogenous feeding, or starvation). We found that drift occurred at 13 days post‐hatch (dph) overall, 2 days after the shift from the yolksac stage to the feeding stage (11 dph at 14°C). The timing of food availability in the fed treatments did not affect the timing of larval drift, nor did the density of conspecifics. Starvation delayed drift timing by 2 days, to15 dph. This delay of drift from a habitat with no food availability may disadvantage starving larvae and reduce growth potential.