bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konstruktivistička didaktika i neurodidaktika u diskursu reformne pedagogije - Teorijska polazišta, dileme i komparacija
Authors: Maras Nevenka , Topolovčan Tomislav , Matijević Milan
Published: December 2018

U radu su kritičko-komparativnom i povijesnom analizom definirani, objašnjeni i dovedeni u odnos koncepti konstruktivističke didaktike te neurodidaktike s pravcima i pokretima reformne pedagogije. Analizom je pokazano da su neka od zajedničkih obilježja konstruktivističke didaktike i neurodidaktike vidljiva u nastavnim strategijama kao što su: učenje istraživanjem, učenje rješavanjem problema, suradničko učenje, djelovanju usmjereno učenje, učenje igrom i projektno učenje. Drugim riječima, u okviru onoga što se naziva nastavom usmjerenom na učenika. Ta obilježja nisu (u potpunosti) noviteti proizašli iz tih koncepata. Ukazuje se da su ta didaktička obilježja formirana još prije više od stoljeća u pravcima i pokretima reformne pedagogije. Opravdano je nuditi zaključak da ono što je označeno kao konstruktivistička nastava već postoji oblikovano u reformnoj pedagogiji. Ali, isto je tako opravdano zaključiti da neuroznanstvena istraživanja, osim što nude nove spoznaje o procesima učenja, potvrđuju i didaktičke vrijednosti pravaca i pokreta reformne pedagogije s prijelaza 19. u 20. stoljeće. S obzirom na međusobnu kompatibilnost analiziranih koncepata, poželjno je težiti njihovoj daljnjoj kritičkoj i argumentiranoj sinergiji, a radi unapređenja nastave.
The Hydrogen Passivated Graphene Cluster and its Stability - First Principle DFT (B3LYP) Levels of Approximation with the Basis Set 3-21G
Authors: Baniya Debendra
Published: December 2018

First-principles DFT (B3LYP) levels of calculations with the basis set 3-21G have been carried out in order to study the geometric stability and electronic properties of hydrogen passivated graphene (H-graphene) clusters(CN) (where N = 6, 10, 13, 16, 22, 24, 27, 30, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 54, 70 and 96) and perform the DOS spectrum on H-graphene (C16H10, C24H12, C30H14, C48H18, C70H22 and C96H24) using Mulliken population analysis by the Gaussian 03 W set of programs. The variations of ground state energy of graphene clusters are observed on sizes and corresponding number of carbon atoms. The binding energy per carbon atom is the function of carbon atoms for the number of carbon atoms less than 30 and saturated at carbon’s number 30 and more in the DFT (B3LYP) levels of approximation with the basis set 3-21G. The binding energy per carbon atom of a pure graphene sheet C32 is 8.03 eV/atom in the DFT (B3LYP) level of approximation with the choice of the basis set 3-21G, which is acceptable with previous reported data 7.91 eV/atom. The HOMO-LUMO gap in NBO is studied for some H-grapheneclustors C16H10, C24H12, C30H14, C48H18, C70H22 and C96H24.
A New Approach to the design of DC Powered Induction Cooker
Authors: Adhikari Bikal , Shrestha Jagan Nath , Shakya Shree Raj
Published: December 2018

About 80 % of total energy consumption in Nepal is being consumed in the residential sector and about 60 % of total residential energy application includes cooking application. At present, in urban area, there is heavy dependence on liquefied petroleum gas for cooking purpose whereas in rural area, there is heavy dependence on biomass. Clearly, there is a need to switch towards clean and efficient fuel: electricity. Load shedding problem has been a reason preventing Nepalese people to switch towards electricity based cooking. Even though at present (2017), Nepal Electricity Authority’s has been able to reduce load shedding for residential consumers, there is still a condition of inadequate supply of electricity if all of the consumers will switch towards electricity for cooking purpose. The experimental and simulation efficiency of conventional AC based induction cooker has been found to be 85.56 % and 87 % respectively. DC powered induction cooker has been designed and simulated. The simulation efficiency of which has been measured to be 90.10 %. The hardware realization of the design is malfunctioning in real time testing making a need of power electronic component with the capacity to pass very high current, as high as 80 A at low voltage, as low as 12 V.
Predicting crown fuel biomass of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) for the Mediterranean regions of Turkey
Authors: Güngöroglu Cumhur , Serttaş Ayhan , Sari Abdullah , Güney Ç. Okan
Published: December 2018

Točna procjena količine goriva je važan preduvjet za učinkovito upravljanje šumskim požarima. Ovo je istraživanje imalo za cilj razviti empirijske alometrijske jednadžbe za procjenu količine goriva iz krošnji stabala kalabrijskog bora (Pinus brutia Ten.) u jugozapadnom mediteranskom području Turske korištenjem dendrometrijskih varijabli. Destruktivnom metodom uzorkovana su 84 stabla. Uzorci grana u gorivu iz biomase krošnji klasificirani su kao iglice i kao grane prema sljedećem rasponu promjera: vrlo tanke (≤0,3 cm), tanke (0,31–0,6 cm), srednje (0,61–1,0 cm), debele (1,01–2,5 cm) i aktivno gorivo. Za procjenu biomase krošnjanja korištene su prsne visine, visine stabala, visine krošnji i širine krošnji kao neovisne varijable. Za analizu odnosa između goriva iz biomase i značajki uzorkovanih stabala korišteni su stepwise funkcija i modeli logaritamske linearne regresije. Od svih dobivenih alometrijskih jednadžbi, varijacija u tankim granama najbolje je objašnjena širinom krošnji i visinom krošnji, koje zajedno objašnjavaju R2adj od 90.2 varijacije u tankim granama. Varijacija u vrlo tankim granama objašnjena je najslabije visinom stabla, koja samo objašnjava R2adj od 60.4% varijacije u vrlo tankim granama. Ukupna količina goriva iz krošnji kalabrijskog bora u ovom istraživanju u usporedbi s istraživanjima u Grčkoj i Turskoj pokazuje da se gorivo iz biomase kalabrijskog bora može razlikovati od regije do regije.
Intimate Uncertainties
Authors: Strasser Sabine , Piart Luisa
Published: December 2018

For this special issue we are bringing together six ethnographic cases
of intimate uncertainties that are situated within different regimes of
reproduction, healthcare and borders in and beyond Europe. These
ethnographic inquiries exemplify unprecedented settings of moral
ir/responsibility shaping the intimate on different scales and in various
sites of power (agencies, clinics, borderlands). These uncertainties
in times of major transitions from old to new moral orders, from
industrial to postindustrial, from welfare to austerity spark off a
renewed debate on moral economy. The authors of these contributions
all focus the theoretical lens of moral economy squarely onto
the intimate.
The Ultimate Argument
Authors: Siegl Veronika
Published: December 2018

This article explores how the notion of happiness is employed in
order to obscure the moral ambiguity and intimate uncertainties of
commercial surrogacy. My ethnographic data elucidate the ways in
which surrogacy agents and other intermediaries operating in Russia
and Ukraine evoke happiness. I discuss three forms of their affective
labour: a discourse of fear and hope, the attempt to make surrogacy
a joyous and happy process and the claim that there is a right to happiness.
I contend that ‘happiness’ serves as the ultimate argument,
an argument that has the affective power to override moral concerns
and delegitimise critique.
A State of Force
Authors: Bleakley Paul
Published: December 2018

Australian history is littered with examples of situations
in which police have engaged in the use of force—in some cases,
disproportionate violence—to maintain order and stability. In addition
to this effort to control the population and ensure social order,
extreme use of force was a key factor in repressing civil dissent
and preventing marginalized communities from exercising their
voice within the social discourse. Former Queensland Police Commissioner
Frederic Urquhart was at the forefront of several high-profile
examples of police enforcing social control during his tenure
with the Queensland police, including the punitive expeditions of
the Native Mounted Police Force, the civil disorder of the 1912
general strike, and the chaos associated with the 1919 Red Flag
riots. In developing an appreciation for Urquhart’s behavior and
motivations, it can be seen that the Queensland police have always
served as a body dedicated to ensuring conformity through any
means necessary.
Regime Collapse and Revolution
Authors: Slim Hugo
Published: December 2018

John Dunn’s provocative interview in Contention volume
5, issue 2 inspired an array of responses from the scholarly and
practitioner communities. In the original interview, Dunn suggested
that the era of modern revolutions has come to a close and
that we are now witnessing a phenomenon better described as
“regime collapse.” In this response to Dunn’s conception of revolution,
Hugo Slim, an expert on non-international armed conflicts,
challenges Dunn’s claims with examples of revolutionary liberation
movements in Nepal, Uganda, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Venezuela,
as well as Islamist revolutionary movements in the Middle East.
The End of Revolution, and Its Means
Authors: Abrams Benjamin
Published: December 2018

In Contention volume 5, issue 2, Benjamin Abrams interviewed the political theorist John Dunn on the topic of modern revolutions. In the interview, Dunn advanced the view that the “Epoch of Revolution” had ended by 1989 and that what many scholars called revolutions today were simply instances of regime collapse. The interview received a lot of attention from scholars and practitioners including Hugo Slim. Slim challenged Dunn’s concept of revolution in this issue, and Dunn responded defending his ideas. This article attempts to tease out the differences underlying the two scholars’ disagreement as to whether the Epoch of Revolution has truly passed. The article proposes that while processual approaches (such as Slim’s) conceive of revolution primarily as a political means, Dunn’s “programmatic” approach to revolution conceives of it as not only a means but also a political end. The article also considers the implications of Dunn’s theory of revolution, and the representative challenges of academic interviewing.
What is populism? Who is the populist?
Authors: Gagnon Jean-Paul , Beausoleil Emily , Son Kyong-Min , Arguelles Cleve , Chalaye Pierrick , Johnston Callum N.
Published: December 2018

Both “populism” and “populist” have long been considered ill-defined
terms, and therefore are regularly misapplied in both scholarly and
popular discourses.1 This definitional difficulty is exacerbated by the Babelian
confusion of voices on populism, where the term’s meaning differs
within and between global regions (e.g. Latin America versus Western Europe);
time periods (e.g. 1930s versus the present), and classifications (e.g. left/
right, authoritarian/libertarian, pluralist/antipluralist, as well as strains
that muddy these distinctions such as homonationalism, xenophobic
feminism and multicultural neonationalism). While useful efforts have
been made to navigate the vast and heterogeneous conceptual terrain
of populism,2 they rarely engage with each other. The result is a dizzying
proliferation of different definitions unaccompanied by an understanding
as to how they might speak to each other. And this conceptual
fragmentation reinforces, and is reinforced by, diverging assessments of
populism which tend to cast it as either “good” or “bad” for democracy
(e.g. Dzur and Hendriks 2018; Müller 2015).
The Populism/Anti-Populism Divide in Western Europe
Authors: Moffitt Benjamin
Published: December 2018

While the rise of populism in Western Europe over the past
three decades has received a great deal of attention in the academic and
popular literature, less attention has been paid to the rise of its opposite—
anti-populism. This short article examines the discursive and stylistic dimensions
of the construction and maintenance of the populism/anti-populism
divide in Western Europe, paying particular attention to how anti-populists
seek to discredit populist leaders, parties and followers. It argues that this
divide is increasingly antagonistic, with both sides of the divide putting forward
extremely different conceptions of how democracy should operate
in the Western European political landscape: one radical and popular, the
other liberal. It closes by suggesting that what is subsumed and feared under
the label of the “populist threat” to democracy in Western Europe today is
less about populism than nationalism and nativism.
Science, Technology and Innovation Bibliometric Evaluation SME´s in order to improve Brazilian economic growth
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Krieger de , Oliveira Júnior Antônio Martins de , Santos Beatriz Augusta Ferreira
Published: December 2018

Innovation has been pointed out as one of the main tools for the countries' economic development facing globalization. For economic growth to happen in an egalitarian way, it is necessary to strengthen, expand, consolidate and integrate a country's research and innovation capacities, that is, strengthening its National Science, Technology and Innovation System. In this system, it is primordial that t there is a close relationship between research institutes, ST & I developers, and companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), considered to be key players in the socio-economic development of countries. Brazil already presents initiatives that seek to strengthen relations and encourage the development of technology among these actors. This article aims to discuss the relationships between the CT & I sector and its relations with SMEs, especially in Brazil, so that together they allow the development of the economy. For this, a brief literature review was carried out, which was structured in: Relation between ST&I and the national development, where will be treated some countries experience and where brazilian hystorical process will be shown; The importance of SMEs for a country economic growth, where the relations between ST&I and SME will be treated and also its indicators. Despite the innovation power for the development of the countries economies is in constant discussion, it is still a need for discussion between companies and SMEs as a fundamental relation for the growth of companies and consequently for the socio-economic growth, since as SMEs are today driving forces for development. For the central dialogue current in Brazil, the proceedings of these countries between ST & I and companies are required.
Model of a Hydrogen Vehicle Driven by a Fuel Cell and Metal Hydride Materials
Authors: Toth Lukas , Jasminska Natalia , Brestovic Tomas , Dobakova Romana
Published: December 2018

The present article describes the structure of the model of a vehicle driven by a fuel cell and using metal hydride alloys. The model was created in the scale of 1:6 and was subjected to measurements of the real hydrogen consumption by a fuel cell; subsequently, the real power was compared to the theoretical power. The model of a hydrogen vehicle was developed with the aim of testing various types of metal hydride materials used for hydrogen accumulation in real conditions, at sudden changes in the amount of the collected hydrogen. The purpose of the designed model was to demonstrate the adjustment of a hydrogen drive to the burdening operating conditions of the vehicle and demonstrate the capacity of metal hydride materials to satisfy the requirements regarding accumulation and release of the required amount of hydrogen.
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN AFRICAN CONTEXT
Authors: Gaitho Peter Rigii , Awino Zachary Bolo
Published: December 2018

The general objective of the study was to determine whether ethical practices and organizational structure influence the relationship between strategic leadership and service delivery of County Governments in Kenya. The findings would aid the audit, review and strengthening of existing policies aimed at ensuring good ethical practices in public entities. The relevant theories reviewed for this study were the New Public Management (NPM) theoretical perspective, upper echelon theory, institutional theory and principal agent theory. This study used a positivism research philosophy. The study used a cross sectional survey. The target population for the study was drawn from the 47 Counties in Kenya as per 2010 constitution. The study used both primary and secondary data which were collected using questionnaires, interviews and desk review. Data analysis took place at two levels – descriptive statistics level and inferential statistics level. The study found that the entire hypothesis tested were statistically significant and thus supported by the study. It was therefore recommended that county governments must understand the service delivery dimensions in order to carry out frequent analysis and develop strategic leadership concepts relevant to their counties.
Impact of Distance Education on University Retention Rates
Authors: Breit Emily , Schreyer Samuel
Published: December 2018

This study uses new measures of distance education to assess the impact on retention rates at 4-year public and private non-profit universities in the U.S. We present evidence that the percent of undergraduates enrolled exclusively in distance education courses reduces a university’s freshmen retention rate, particularly for institutions with a relatively low median SAT score.  We find no clear evidence of lower retention rates when undergraduates are enrolled in a combination of on-campus and distance education courses.  These findings suggest increased enrollment through distance education can come at the expense of lower retention.
Dispositivos electrónicos y vehículos automotores: productos defectuosos y peligrosos para el consumidor
Authors: Almanza Francia Milena , Caceres Morela , Pérez Blanca Johanna
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper review, is based on three aspects: 1. A conceptual approach and regulations from diff erent countries about the dangerous/defective products; 2. The responsibility assumed by the Surveillance and Control Entities in Colombia, and 3. The Implications related to consumer health and safety generated by the dangerous/ defective products. Although there are regulations and theories on defective and dangerous products that support this concern, in Colombia the dissemination strategies used by the Colombian government, and entities or organizations that safeguard the rights of consumers, are still incipient, or the means of consultation that can be used by consumers, to verify whether a product meets dangerous/defective characteristics, as well as the damages or the consequences it can generate, from bodily injuries to death are unknowing. To collect information, databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar and Dialnet were consulted in Spanishand English, with publication window from 2010 to 2017, some key words were established and the results were refined. For information processing, the selected literature was reviewed and confluence points were identified in relation to the proposed aim. Given this panorama, the paper review concludes that the consumer must take part actively in this chain, identifying dangerous and defective products and who sells them, in order to remove them from the market by the competent authorities to reduce the impact/damage to health or consumer integrity
Representaciones de naturaleza de la ciencia en libros de texto de química: indagando por los tópicos epistemológicos de Representación y Lenguajes
Authors: Amador-Rodriguez Rafael Amador , Ospina Quintero Natalia , Aduriz-Bravo Agustin
Published: December 2018

We are sharing some ideas and theoretical supports that comes from a doctoral thesis, with the scientifi c community that is inquiring about the nature of the science fi eld (NOS). The goal of this work is to identify the epistemological time derives by NOS using two books, mainly in the representation and languages fi elds. Systematic networks were built in order to asses the textual statement derives from the books. no propositions related to Representation and Languages were found suggesting the absence or unclear thought about a NOS representation. These results have been already reported previously in other investigations. The highlight of this work is the proposal of the epistemology periodization, which is considered as a useful metascientifi c tool used for the characterization of NOS representation, with a better conceptual approach.
Penggunaan Bungkil Kelapa Fermentasi Dengan Trichoderma Harzianum Dalam Ransum Untuk Performa Broiler
Authors: Salma Yona Chintya , Maisuranti Maisuranti
Published: December 2018

Biaya pakan di peternakan ayam broiler adalah komponen terbesar, sehingga peternak harus dapat memanfaatkan nilai gizi dan kualitas bahan, seperti bungkil kelapa. Bungkil kelapa memiliki 22,41% protein dan serat kasar 15,15%, setelah fermentasi, protein meningkat menjadi 35,27% dan serat kasar lebih rendah menjadi 10,24%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan campuran dalam ransum sebagai pakan fermentasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan dalam dua periode. Periode pertama bulan September 2016 - Oktober 2016, periode kedua November 2016 - Desember 2016 yang diselenggarakan di kandang ayam ras UPT Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh. Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam pemeliharaan ayam pedaging adalah: kabel, bola lampu, isolasi, tirai plastik, timbangan, spayer tangan, tali, ember, baskom, kompor. Bahan yang digunakan adalah DOC, bungkil kelapa fermentasi, ransum komersial, vaksin ND, plastik, kertas koran, rodalon, sekam padi dan kapur. Penggunaan bungkil kelapa yang difermentasi dapat meningkatkan berat badan ayam pedaging. Konsumsi, konversi pakan, penambahan berat badan perlakuan lebih baik daripada kontrol.
PENGARUH CITRA PERUSAHAAN, KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KELOMPOK REFERENSI TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KREDIT SEPEDA MOTOR DI PT. FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CABANG WONOSOBO
Authors: Ariono Imam
Published: December 2018

Tingkat konsumsi masyarakat mengalami perkembangan setiap tahunnya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan tingkat penyaluran kredit konsumsi yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Kredit sepeda motor merupakan salah satu jenis kredit konsumsi yang sedang berkembang di masyarakat. Dengan kata lain lembaga pembiayaan merupakan sarana masyarakat dalam melakukan kredit sepeda motor.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra perusahaan , kualitas pelayanan, dan kelompok referensi secara parsial dan bersama-sama terhadap pengambilan keputusan pembelian kredit sepeda motor di PT Federal International Finance Cabang Wonosobo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen kredit motor PT Federal International Finance Cabang Wonosobo. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif yaitu analisis regresi berganda.

Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil Berdasarkan uji hipotesis 1 diketahui bahwa t hitung ( X1 = 2,326) > t tabel (1,987) dan nilai signifikansi (X1 = 0,014) < taraf signifikan (? = 5%) sehingga variabel Citra perusahaan (X1) sebagai variabel bebas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Y). Berdasarkan uji hipotesis 2 diketahui bahwa t hitung ( X2 = 3,004) < t tabel (1,987) dan nilai signifikansi (X1 = 0,009) < taraf signifikan (? = 5%), sehingga Kualitas layanan (X2) sebagai variabel bebas secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Y). Berdasarkan uji hipotesis 3 diketahui bahwa t hitung (X3 = 2,064) > t tabel (1,987) dan nilai signifikansi (X3 = 0,038) < taraf signifikan (? = 5%), sehingga Kelompok referensi (X3) sebagai variabel bebas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Y).
IMPLEMENTASI METODE FUZZY QUERY DATABASE MODEL TAHANI SEBAGAI INFERENCE ENGINE PEMBERI REKOMENDASI OBJEK WISATA DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Rohman Saifu
Published: December 2018

Saat ini berwisata telah menjadi bagian dari kebutuhan masyarakat. Hal ini dinilai sebagai salah satu investasi yang besar bagi pemasukan daerah yang menjadi tujuan wisata termasuk Kabupaten Boyolali. Namun banyaknya objek wisata di Kabupaten Boyolali sering kali menyulitkan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan objek wisata yang sesuai dengan keinginan atau kebutuhannya.

Dari permasalahan tersebut, muncul gagasan untuk membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang memudahkan masyarakat dalam pemilihan objek wisata di Kabupaten Boyolali. Sistem pendukung keputusan tersebut akan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Query Database Model Tahani. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang diperlukan digunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur. Bahasa pemrograman yang akan digunakan adalah PHP. MySQL sebagai DBMS dan Dreamweaver sebagai software pembangunnya.

Dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan ini diharapkan masyarakat akan lebih mudah untuk mendapatkan objek wisata yang sesuai dengan keinginan atau kebutuhannya.
PENGARUH BENTUK BRIKET TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS LAJU PEMBAKARAN
Authors: Asri Sarwi , Indrawati Ragil T.
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui bentuk briket dari kulit kopi yang memiliki laju pembakaran paling efisien. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimen di laboratorium. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari pembuatan arang kulit kopi, pencetakan kemudian uji laboratorium. Pembuatan briket dilakukan dengan ukuran arang 120 mesh, perbandingan antara arang kulit kopi dan perekat ialah 2 : 1 dan berat spesimen briket 25 gram. Bentuk briket yang digunakan ialah silinder pejal, silinder berongga, segiempat dan hexagonal. Uji laboratorium dilakukan untuk menentukan laju pembakaran pada masing masing variasi bentuk briket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket dengan bentuk silinder berongga memiliki laju pembakaran paling efisien dengan nilai laju pembakaran sebesar 1,94x10-2 gram/detik. Sedangkan briket dengan bentuk hexagonal mempunyai nilai laju pembakaran yang paling rendah yaitu sebesar 0,94 x 10-2 gram/detik.
Atuação do enfermeiro na equipe gestora de saúde em municípios de pequeno porte
Authors: Mendonça Fernanda De Freitas
Published: December 2018

O estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros como integrantes da equipe gestora de saúde em municípios de pequeno porte. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, com 176 enfermeiros integrantes das equipes gestoras de 82 municípios de pequeno porte da macrorregião norte do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados durante entrevista com os profissionais, por meio de formulário estruturado. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino, com idade superior a 30 anos e pós-graduada. Desempenhavam 595 funções, destacando-se o gerenciamento de Sistemas de Informações, sendo que 69,9% dos enfermeiros acumulavam entre 2 e 14 funções. A maioria conhecia os Instrumentos de Gestão investigados. Considerando a participação estratégica dos enfermeiros, ratifica-se a importância da qualificação desses profissionais, visto que a instituição de mudanças requer profissionais capacitados e implicados com a efetivação do Sistema Único de Saúde.
EL DEBER DE ESCUCHAR AL NIÑO EN PROCESOS DE FAMILIA, DESARROLLO DE ESTE PRINCIPIO EN COLOMBIA Y OTRAS LEGISLACIONES
Authors: Torres Eraso Luis Alfonso
Published: December 2018

EL DEBER DE ESCUCHAR AL NIÑO EN PROCESOS DE FAMILIA, DESARROLLO DE ESTE PRINCIPIO EN COLOMBIA Y OTRAS LEGISLACIONES 
Designing Jet Fan Ventilation for an Underground Car Park by CFD Simulations
Authors: Kmecová Miroslava , Krajčík Michal , Straková Zuzana
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to design a fire ventilation system with impulse jet fans for an underground car park. With respect to the number of parameters affecting the spread of smoke that need to be considered, there is a good chance of miscalculations if only conventional plain calculations are used in the design process. To avoid mistakes, visualize the fluid flow, and to compare the design variants it is practical to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this study, CFD simulations were used to compare alternative designs of a fire ventilation system. In one alternative the exhaust shafts were located in both parts of the car park and the jet fans were directed to the corresponding shafts. The air exchange rate was 10-times per hour. In another alternative both exhaust shafts were located on one side opposite to the main air supply, and the air exchange rate was 15-times per hour. The results showed preference of the second alternative, when the smoke was completely exhausted and the visibility improved substantially, whereas in the first alternative the car park was not sufficiently ventilated even 600 seconds after the fire had been put out. The results emphasize that proper location of elements of the ventilation system is crucial to attain high efficiency of fire ventilation.
Consumers’ preferences on usefulness and consumption of enriched products
Authors: Kralik Zlata , Rebekić Adrijana
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the preferences of consumers on usefulness and consumption of enriched and/or functional food products with a focus on table eggs. The survey of consumers' preferences on usefulness and consumption of enriched as well as functional products was conducted on a sample of 132 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey consisting of 15 questions. The first 7 questions related to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, education, marital status, occupation, income, etc.). The second part of the questionnaire consisted of 8 questions related to obtaining information on the will to purchase the aforementioned products, the health benefits of functional ingredients in enriched products, validity or scientific confirmation of declarations and the like. More women (60.6%) than men (39.4%) participated in the survey. Overall, the survey was completed by mostly young people, aged 19-29 (53%), highly educated (68.94%) with earnings of over 5001 kn (60.6%). According to respondents’ opinion on the usefulness and correctness of enriched or functional products as well as the willingness to consume omega-3 eggs, most of them did not really have any opinion on these products, which is confirmed with the fact that highest frequency of answers to the asked questions was 4. Considering that the majority of respondents were of a younger age and according to the fact that they did not have defined opinion on enriched products, it is necessary to educate on the importance of these products in the diet.
Infectious Diseases and the Pre-Hospital Practitioner
Authors: Speers David
Published: December 2018

Ambulance officers and other emergency service personnel may be exposed to the body fluids of their patients due to the unpredictable nature of their work. As it is not possible to predict which patients may have a communicable disease, standard precautions must be practiced at all times. This is part of an occupational health and safety strategy that includes appropriate immunisation, education, and post-exposure counselling of staff. The actual risk of acquiring blood-borne viruses or other communicable diseases is less than is generally perceived, and post-exposure prophylaxis is available for several of these. Hepatitis B is the most transmissible of the blood-borne viruses but there is very effective pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis available. There is effective post-exposure prophylaxis available for HIV but not for hepatitis C. An ambulance officer exposed to tuberculosis or meningococcal disease should also be offered post-exposure counselling and protective therapy as appropriate, although the risk of subsequent disease is very small. Education of staff about the actual risks involved following an exposure and the correct procedures to follow will allay fears and allow the safe and efficient management of patients outside of the hospital.
A student paramedic's tribute to Dr. Peter Safar
Authors: Robinson Kai J.J.
Published: December 2018

This paper briefly looks at the life of Dr. Peter Safar. It provides an overview of his work in resuscitative medicine and his contribution to prehospital emergency care. The main emphasis of the paper centers on the recognition and the theory application of the prehospital resuscitative framework within education systems today.
A Student Paramedic's Tribute to Dr. Peter Safar
Authors: Robinson Kai J.J.
Published: December 2018

This paper briefly looks at the life of Dr. Peter Safar. It provides an overview of his work in resuscitative medicine and his contribution to prehospital emergency care. The main emphasis of the paper centers on the recognition and the theory application of the prehospital resuscitative framework within education systems today.
Paramedic Practice – Knowledge Invested in Action
Authors: Wyatt Andrea
Published: December 2018

The ability of expert practitioners to make sound judgments when faced with non-routine situations calls on a form of tacit knowing that has been loosely branded as ‘intuition’, a ‘sixth sense’, or ‘gut feeling’. The development of tacit knowledge is associated with nonformal learning that occurs in the context of the workplace; however, the elusive nature of this phenomenon has served to hamper research efforts. The focus has therefore shifted away from tacit knowledge toward the more observable concept of ‘judgment’. Paramedics are called to make clinical judgments as part of their everyday practice, often unaware of the basis behind these judgments. This case study examines the source of knowledge drawn on by experienced paramedics when making judgments, especially when faced with situations they have not previously encountered, and proposes how new knowledge and meaning is constructed through such involvements. A better understanding of the relationship between knowing and judgment, and how they are developed, will have future implications for the provision of ongoing education and training programs for paramedics.
Ambulance Satisfaction Surveys: Their Utility in Policy Development, System Change and Professional Practice
Authors: O'Meara Peter
Published: December 2018

This study surveyed general practitioners, registered nurses, ambulance officers and members of the public to determine satisfaction levels in rural ambulance services in the Australian State of Victoria. It was part of a larger study developing rural models of ambulance service delivery.

Respondents were asked to complete a survey about their satisfaction with their local ambulance services and their confidence in local emergency medical systems. Satisfaction levels were very high and associated with direct experience as patients or as immediate family members of patients.

Focusing on specific elements of the ambulance system in future satisfaction surveys may improve the capacity of managers and policy makers to develop appropriate policies and implement changes in system design and professional practice.
The Prehospital Practitioner and the Laryngeal Mask Airway: “Are you Keeping Up?”
Authors: Hein Cindy
Published: December 2018

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained recognition as an acceptable device for securing the airway of patients during anaesthesia and emergency airway management within the hospital environment. Furthermore, the LMA has been utilised by paramedics in the prehospital setting when endotracheal intubation is either unavailable (untrained personnel) or impossible (failed intubation). Numerous articles have been published debating different techniques of its use and modifications from its original inception. This paper offers a recent review of those articles and presents a balance for the reader to consume. A brief history of the LMA is given, as well as discussion on selection of size, use of a bite block, cuff pressures, the disposable LMA, the intubating LMA, the ProSeal LMA and using cricoid pressure with the LMA insitu.
Uncertainty, Error and Risk in Human Clinical Judgment: Introductory Theoretical Frameworks in Paramedic Practice
Authors: Shaban Ramon , Wyatt-Smith Claire , Cumming Joy
Published: December 2018

Summary
Paramedic judgment and decision-making, not unlike much of ambulance practice, have not been the subject of systematic, sustained research. There exists a paucity of research or inquiry that examines the mechanics of human error in paramedic practice, ambulance or pre-hospital settings. Little is known of how paramedics make judgments and decisions, and how paramedics deal with risk and uncertainty they commonly face in their tasks and the environment in which they work in. The literature and theories on judgment and decisionmaking are as extensive as they are controversial and the scientific community is yet to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the risk and uncertainty in judgment and decisionmaking.

The following paper provides an introduction to the concepts of error, risk, and uncertainty in the context of paramedic judgment and decision-making, discussion of two analytic frameworks that examine such error, risk, and uncertainty, and commentary on their application to the paramedic setting.
A Critical Appraisal of the Revised Trauma Score
Authors: Jennings Paul
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The trauma score and its later revision were developed as a triage index which could be readily calculated and interpreted in the prehospital environment. This paper aims to critically examine the available literature to determine if the Revised Trauma Score actually measures what it is intended to measure.

Methods

A thorough Medline literature search was undertaken of the OVID database. All available journal articles which addressed reliability and validity testing of the Revised Trauma Score were reviewed. Each of the instrument's clinimetric properties are described and critically appraised.

Conclusion

As a predictive instrument, the Revised Trauma Score has been shown to have a moderate to high ability to accurately predict survival. In its secondary role discrimination, it has been shown to have equivocal ‘between-person’ sensitivity.
Injury Occurrences at a Mass Gathering Event
Authors: Zeitz Kathryn M , Zeitz Chris J , Kadow-Griffin Claudia
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study identifies injuries that arise at a public event in an environment where multiple industries, service providers and patrons are present simultaneously.

Methods

A prospective survey method was used to collect data relating to injuries occurring at the event. The event was the Royal Adelaide Show, a 9-day agricultural and horticultural show hosted in a capital city in Australia during 2002. All patients who presented to St John Volunteers for treatment were the population for this study with the sample population being people who sustained an injury at the event.

Results

Crowd attendance over the nine days was 622,234. A total of 1028 patients presented for treatment with 265 (26%) being the result of injury. It was observed that minor wounds were the most common injury treated (18%), followed closely by lacerations (17%). The majority of injuries occurring at the event were minor in nature. There were 42 persons injured while working at the event. Of these, 9 (21%) required transfer to hospital by ambulance.

Conclusion

At the event studied, there were a number of injuries occurring that required treatment/management. On average, there was one worker transported to hospital by ambulance each day of the event. There may be a role for more formalised injury surveillance at mass gathering events to assess and monitor injury trends to both patrons and workers in this dynamic setting.
A Generic Performance Framework for Ambulance Services: An Australian Health Services Perspective
Authors: O'Meara Peter
Published: December 2018

This review explores a selection of existing methods that measure ambulance service performance and identifies a performance framework that could be useful in a variety of contextual settings. It drew on a selection of well-known performance frameworks currently in use within emergency, health and ambulance systems. It is recommended that ambulance authorities adopt a health services performance framework in preference to the widely used emergency services framework with its heavy emphasis on time intervals such as response times. This suggested framework should be able to accommodate a wide range of validated clinical and non-clinical performance indicators that better reflect the position of ambulance services as part of the health system.
Early Thrombolysis: Time to Change? A Discussion Paper
Authors: Woollard Malcolm
Published: December 2018

UK Department of Health standards for the management of out-of-hospital thrombolysis require a call to thrombolysis time of 60 minutes or less, but suggest that administration of such treatment in the pre-hospital setting should be limited to cases where the journey time to hospital exceeds 30 minutes. This policy was set despite more than 50% of patients in an urban setting having a call to hospital door time of more than 30 minutes, rising to more than 80% in rural areas, and that all published evidence suggests symptom to treatment time is the critical interval. Maximum benefits are derived from thrombolytic agents if they are delivered early. Administration within 30 minutes of symptom onset can result in total abortion of a myocardial infarction, and each minutes delay to treatment is equivalent to an average of 11 days of life lost. Pre-hospital lysis within two hours of symptom onset results in a significantly lower incidence of cardiogenic shock than percutaneous coronary intervention within the same time frame, suggesting greater salvage of cardiac muscle. The available evidence suggests that pre-hospital thrombolysis is at least as safe as in-hospital administration, regardless of the qualifications and experience of the practitioner providing the treatment. All patients benefit from the shortest possible interval from symptom onset to recanalization: minutes do count. UK standards should be amended to reflect this evidence and to mandate the administration of thrombolytic agents to all eligible patients as soon as they are identified in the pre-hospital setting, regardless of distance to hospital.
The Role of the Paramedic Practitioner in the Uk
Authors: Woollard Malcolm
Published: December 2018

The ‘Paramedic Practitioner’ role has developed against a background of change in primary care service provision, apparently resulting in an increasing utilisation of emergency ambulance services. This presents opportunities to extend the scope of practice of paramedics and other health professionals in the diagnosis and management of patients with minor illnesses and injuries. Such patients commonly present via calls to traditional emergency numbers (999) or are referred from other unscheduled care agencies. Paramedic practitioners can reduce the number of patients inappropriately transported to hospital by approximately half, thus meeting an NHS aim of ‘treating the right patients in the right place at the right time’. Other opportunities exist in the form of extended roles in critical care and the management of the chronically ill in the community.

Currently, a number of pilot programmes exist but vary considerably with respect to type and duration of training, permitted scope of practice, and even the job title of these new practitioners. To be successful, these major changes in the role of ambulance professionals will require the paramedic profession to take leadership through its own professional body (the British Paramedic Association (BPA) in the establishment of defined standards of practice. A shift from vocational training to university-based education will be necessary to meet the intellectual demands of the autonomous management of these patient populations. Uniformity of job title and legal restrictions on its use are also required.

These new opportunities for practice will offer a structured clinical career for ambulance professionals for the first time. The BPA has proposed that Emergency Medical Technicians will have a university Certificate; paramedics a university Diploma; paramedic practitioners an Honours Degree; and advanced paramedic practitioners a Masters Degree. Consultant paramedics holding PhDs will support their peers in furthering professional practice. The ambulance profession is coming of age…
Paramedics’ clinical judgment and mental health assessments in emergency contexts: Research, practice, and tools of the trade
Authors: Shaban Ramon
Published: December 2018

Mental health and illness are global health priorities. International reforms of mental health care systems repeatedly call for increased participation of a wide range of health, welfare, and disability professionals and organisations in providing services to people with mental disorders. There are increasing needs to improve mental health skills of all health-care professionals, improve coordination of services provided to consumers of mental health services and their and carers, and foster greater community interest and involvement in mental health issues.

Despite this, the roles of paramedics and contributions they can make to the care of the mentally ill in the wider continuum of health care have not been fully recognised. Traditionally, the work of paramedics has been limited to managing specific conditions such as suicide. The reasons for this are many and varied, but one consequence of it is that research into paramedic judgment and decision-making of mental illness is rare. This paper will present a review of key research examining mental health assessments in the emergency care context, with a specific focus on paramedics. It will examine the use of mental assessment tools or instruments by ambulance and emergency medical personnel and highlight the needs for future research into this important area of health-care. Central to global mental health reforms is the preparedness of health care professionals, including paramedics, to recognise, assess, and manage mental illness in everyday practice and the sufficiency of education and training programs, clinical standards, policy, and legislation to ensure quality and accountability in the care of the mentally ill.
Exploring the Volunteer First Aider's Experience Post-Resuscitation
Authors: Ranse Jamie , Burke Brandon
Published: December 2018

Objectives

This study aims to identify themes associated with St John volunteer first aiders’ post-resuscitation experience following an out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest, and to make suggestions for future practice in education and research.

Methods

This study was exploratory and descriptive in design, utilising a single focus group as a means of data collection. All five participants from a single resuscitation event participated in the focus group. The focus group was electronically recorded and transcribed verbatim. The results were then thematically analysed.

Finding

The focus group participants described four themes associated with successful resuscitation of a casualty following sudden cardiac arrest. These themes were: postresuscitation casualty management; interactions with health care professionals; critical incident stress management and learning about the casualty's outcome.

Discussion

Education of first aid service providers should include post-resuscitation casualty management, this could be achieved by including the chain of survival in its entirety rather than the DRABCD (danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation and defibrillation) resuscitation action plan only. Similarly, ambulance paramedics require an understanding of semi-automatic external defibrillators as used by first aid service providers. In particular, the limitations of semi-automatic external defibrillators should be included in education programs for ambulance paramedics and emergency department staff. Finally, first aid service providers should implement formal mechanisms to provide feedback to participants regarding casualty outcomes following a critical event.