bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical arthroplasty: what does the labeling say?
Authors: Turel Mazda K. , Kerolus Mena G. , Adogwa Owoicho , Traynelis Vincent C.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to comprehensively review each of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved labels of 7 total cervical disc replacements, assess the exact methodology in which the trial was conducted, and provide a broad comparison of these devices to allow each surgeon to determine which disc best suits his or her specific treatment goals based on the specific labels and not the studies published.

METHODS

The FDA-approved labels for each of the 7 artificial discs were obtained from the official FDA website. These labels were meticulously compared with regard to the statistical analysis performed, the safety and efficacy data, and the randomized controlled trial that each artificial disc was involved in to obtain the FDA approval for the product or device. Both single-level and 2-level approvals were examined, and primary and secondary end points were assessed.

RESULTS

In the single-level group, 4 of the 7 artificial discs—Prestige LP, Prestige ST, Bryan, and Secure-C—showed superiority in overall success. Prestige ST showed superiority in 3 of 4 outcome measures (neurological success, revision surgery, and overall success), while the other aforementioned discs showed superiority in 2 or fewer measures (Prestige LP, neurological and overall success; Bryan, Neck Disability Index [NDI] and overall success; Secure-C, revision surgery and overall success; Pro-Disc C, revision surgery). The PCM and Mobi-C discs demonstrated noninferiority across all outcome measures. In the 2-level group, Prestige LP and Mobi-C demonstrated superiority in 3 outcome measures (NDI, secondary surgery, and overall success) but not neurological success.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of 7 currently approved and distributed artificial discs in the United States. It compares specific outcome measures of these devices against those following the standard of care, which is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. This information will provide surgeons the opportunity to easily answer patients' questions and remain knowledgeable when discussing devices with manufacturers.
Studying Vegetation Salinity: From the Field View to a Satellite-Based Perspective
Authors: Lugassi Rachel , Goldshleger Naftaly , Chudnovsky Alexandra
Published: February 2017

Salinization of irrigated lands in the semi-arid Jezreel Valley, Northern Israel results in soil-structure deterioration and crop damage. We formulated a generic rule for estimating salinity of different vegetation types by studying the relationship between Cl/Na and different spectral slopes in the visible–near infrared–shortwave infrared (VIS–NIR–SWIR) spectral range using both field measurements and satellite imagery (Sentinel-2). For the field study, the slope-based model was integrated with conventional partial least squares (PLS) analyses. Differences in 14 spectral ranges, indicating changes in salinity levels, were identified across the VIS–NIR–SWIR region (350–2500 nm). Next, two different models were run using PLS regression: (i) using spectral slope data across these ranges; and (ii) using preprocessed spectral reflectance. The best model for predicting Cl content was based on continuum removal reflectance (R2 = 0.84). Satisfactory correlations were obtained using the slope-based PLS model (R2 = 0.77 for Cl and R2 = 0.63 for Na). Thus, salinity contents in fresh plants could be estimated, despite masking of some spectral regions by water absorbance. Finally, we estimated the most sensitive spectral channels for monitoring vegetation salinity from a satellite perspective. We evaluated the recently available Sentinel-2 imagery’s ability to distinguish variability in vegetation salinity levels. The best estimate of a Sentinel-2-based vegetation salinity index was generated based on a ratio between calculated slopes: the 490–665 nm and 705–1610 nm. This index was denoted as the Sentinel-2-based vegetation salinity index (SVSI) (band 4 − band 2)/(band 5 + band 11).
Financing Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City: What Lessons Can Be Drawn for Other Large-Scale Sustainable City-Projects?
Authors: Zhan Changjie , De Jong Martin
Published: February 2017

Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City (SSTEC) is currently the best-known and arguably the most successful large-scale sustainable new town development project in China; as such, experiences gathered there are of significant importance for the development of other eco-cities in China and elsewhere. This article focuses on a thus far relatively understudied aspect of SSTEC, the financial vehicles used to fund SSTEC. The authors find that highly structured and intense collaboration at the national level between China and Singapore plays a catalytic role in attracting many other players to the project by giving them confidence that it is too big to fail. It encourages various preferential policies from lower governmental bodies, broad involvement of the private sector, a market-based operation model and the issuing of bonds in Singapore, which all contribute significantly to Tianjin eco-city’s financial viability. The broad involvement of the private sector relieves part of the financial burden from local governments, while the bonds issued in international markets lower the interest rate for master developers. However, the Sino-Singaporean collaboration at the national level is far less likely to be replicated to other eco-cities, since this requires an enormous willingness on the part of other countries to invest manpower, money, and other resources into the construction of eco-cities in China.
QR Code Advertisements in Tourism Marketing
Authors: Çeltek Evrim
Published: February 2017

QR (Quick Response) code scanning permits the user to get in-depth info about the scanned item. Applications used for scanning QR codes may be found on nearly all smart phone devices. Travelers who have smart phone, equipped with the proper reader software system, will simply access QR coded info (text, photo, video, web page, etc.) once it is accessible. Travelers could scan QR coded galleries, places, vineyards or monuments once they are visiting and reach the elaborated info while not handling even a travel guide. The aim of this study is to explore the QR code advertisement usage opportunities in tourism sector within the new media age.
Delirium in Trauma Patients: Prevalence and Predictors
Authors: Von Rueden Kathryn T. , Wallizer Breighanna , Thurman Paul , McQuillan Karen , Andrews Tiffany , Merenda Jennifer , Son Heesook
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Delirium is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, hospital costs, and postdischarge cognitive dysfunction. Most research focuses on nontrauma patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the prevalence and predictors of delirium in trauma patients residing in intensive and intermediate care units of an academic medical center.

METHODS

Trauma patients were screened for delirium by using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Exclusion criteria included documented brain injury, history of psychosis or cognitive impairment, not speaking English, and hearing or vision loss.

RESULTS

Of the 215 study patients, 24% were positive for delirium; 36% of patients in the intensive care unit and 11% of patients in the intermediate care unit. Delirium-positive patients were older (mean age, 53.4 years) than patients who were not (mean age, 44 years; P = .004). Although mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 4.73, P = .004) was the strongest independent risk factor for delirium, 12% of delirium-positive patients were not receiving mechanical ventilation. Other predictors of delirium were use of antipsychotic medications, higher scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, and lower scores on the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients in both the intermediate and intensive care units, whether mechanical ventilation was used or not, were positive for delirium. Delirium prevention protocols may benefit trauma patients regardless of their inpatient location.
Adaptive Alterations in Shoulder Range of Motion and Strength in Young Tennis Players
Authors: Gillet Benoit , Begon Mickaël , Sevrez Violaine , Berger-Vachon Christian , Rogowski Isabelle
Published: February 2017

Context:

Playing tennis requires unilateral and intensive movement of the upper limb, which may lead to functional adaptations of the shoulder and an increased injury risk. Identifying which athletes will be future elite tennis players starts at 5 to 6 years of age. Therefore, highly skilled players practice intensively in their childhood. However, whether these functional changes occur during the prepubertal years has not been established.

Objectives:

To assess changes in glenohumeral-joint–rotation range of motion and strength of the shoulder-complex muscles in prepubertal elite tennis players.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Tennis training sports facilities.

Patients or Other Participants:

Sixty-seven male tennis players (age range = 7–13 years) selected by a regional tennis center of excellence were divided into 3 biological age groups relative to their predicted age at peak height velocity: greater than 4 (n = 26; age = 8.7 ± 0.7 years, height = 132.4 ± 12.9 cm, mass = 27.8 ± 3.8 kg), 3 to 4 (n = 21; age = 10.3 ± 0.6 years, height = 144.9 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 34.7 ± 4.0 kg), and 2 (n = 20; age = 12.8 ± 1.4 years, height = 158.5 ± 8.7 cm, mass = 43.0 ± 8.2 kg) years before their age at peak height velocity.

Main Outcome Measures(s):

We measured the internal- and external-rotation ranges of motion of the glenohumeral joint using a goniometer and calculated the total arc of motion. Maximal isometric strength of 8 shoulder muscles was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Strength values were normalized to body weight and used to calculate 4 agonist-to-antagonist strength ratios.

Results:

The total arc of motion of the glenohumeral joint decreased gradually with biological age (P ≤ .01) due to the decrease in internal-rotation range of motion (P < .001). Absolute strength increased gradually with biological age (P < .001), but the relative strengths and ratios remained similar.

Conclusions:

Functional adaptations of the shoulder seen in adolescent and adult tennis players were observed in healthy prepubertal players. This knowledge could help clinicians and coaches more effectively monitor shoulder adaptations to tennis practice during the prepubertal years.
Property rights, institutional change and development in South Africa
Authors: Schirmer Stefan
Published: February 2017

Orientation: This article examined the link between property rights and development in the context of South Africa. Research purpose: The article sought to unpack the implications of Hernando De Soto’s work and the broader institutional economics literature for the policy challenges that South Africa currently confronts. Motivation for the Study: Hernando De Soto’s call for a property rights system accessible to all has had a limited impact in South Africa even though his arguments linking poverty to limited property rights systems seems highly relevant here. This is a legacy of Apartheid that has not yet been properly tackled. At the same time, South African realities may raise questions about De Soto’s conclusions and his policy recommendations. Research design: The article provided a textual analysis of De Soto’s work and then applied it to an investigation of South African poverty and the policies that have been implemented since 1994. The article also drew on seminal contributions to institutional economics to shed light on the process of institutional change, and then showed how this perspective fits with much of what De Soto has written about transforming property rights systems. Main findings: This article argued that extending property rights to all is vital for development and for overcoming a major legacy of apartheid. However, moving from a restricted to a universal system requires fundamental institutional changes that are difficult to achieve. Contribution: While De Soto has often advocated a top-down, overly simplistic policy approach in the past, this article showed that the necessary changes can only come about via an incremental, bottom-up approach. To this end, it is particularly important to strengthen the accountability and capacity of local government.
Estudio de viabilidad de la transformación parcial de una central de turbinado simple en reversible: el caso de la central hidráulica de La Barca (Asturias, España)
Authors: Antuña Yudego E. , Álvarez Álvarez E.
Published: February 2017

Las fuentes de energía renovables han registrado en los últimos años un aumento de la potencia instalada a nivel mundial sin precedentes. Frente a las ventajas que ofrecen se debe considerar un importante inconveniente: la intermitencia e irregularidad de los recursos renovables. En este escenario resurgen las centrales hidráulicas reversibles, como una forma eficaz de almacenamiento de excedentes energéticos que permite adecuar en cada momento la curva de oferta a la demanda del sistema. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio de viabilidad simplificado de la transformación parcial de la central hidroeléctrica de La Barca, en Asturias, al modo reversible mediante la creación de un algoritmo que simula su operación en función de los precios del mercado, considerando la participación en el mercado de gestión de desvíos. Para su conversión se indica brevemente las modificaciones técnicas requeridas. Los resultados de beneficios estimados para la misma apuntan finalmente a la viabilidad positiva del proyecto.
Simulación numérica con RiverFlow2D de posibles soluciones de mitigación de avenidas en el tramo medio del río Ebro
Authors: Echeverribar I. , Morales-Hernández M. , Lacasta A. , Brufrau P. , García-Navarro P.
Published: February 2017

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de medidas orientadas a la mitigación de avenidas en el tramo medio del río Ebro: limpieza de vegetación del cauce, uso de zonas de inundación controlada y construcción o re-adaptación de motas. Para ello se utiliza el software RiverFlow2D que resuelve las ecuaciones conservativas del flujo de superficie libre con un método de volúmenes finitos realizando los cálculos sobre GPU. Se comparan los resultados con medidas en estaciones de aforo e información extraída de ortofotos. La medida más efectiva, de las analizadas, ha resultado ser la eliminación de la vegetación en el cauce. Se demuestra que no sólo el área máxima inundada es menor en todo el tramo sino que también reduce la altura de agua hasta en 1 m. El resto de medidas tienen consecuencias locales y de poca entidad cuando los caudales pico son altos, aunque podrían resultar de utilidad para avenidas con caudales más bajos.
Métodos geoestadísticos para la elaboración de mapas de probabilidad de riesgo hidrogeotóxico (HGT) por altas concentraciones de As en las aguas subterráneas. Aplicación a la distribución de HGT en la provincia de Ávila (España)
Authors: Guardiola-Albert C. , Pardo-Igúzquiza E. , Giménez-Forcada E.
Published: February 2017

La presencia de As en las aguas subterráneas es un problema prioritario de salud pública e impone serias restricciones en el agua de consumo. Los mapas de probabilidad de superar el umbral permitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS (10 μg/L) permiten delimitar las áreas que más riesgo presentan en relación con este parámetro. Las técnicas geoestadísticas constituyen una herramienta de uso común para elaborar estos mapas, aunque lamentablemente no hay un acuerdo sobre qué técnica es la más adecuada. El presente estudio recopila distintos criterios para decidir qué método presenta resultados más robustos. Se utilizan siete métodos de kriging no paramétrico en la estimación del mapa de probabilidad de que la concentración de As en manantiales de la provincia de Ávila supere el límite de 10 μg/L. La validación revela que uno de los mejores resultados es del simplicial indicator kriging, nunca antes tenido en cuenta en estudios sobre presencia de As geogénico en aguas subterráneas.
Intra-pixel variability in satellite tropospheric NO2 column densities derived from simultaneous spaceborne and airborne observations
Authors: Broccardo Stephen , Heue Klaus-Peter , Walter David , Meyer Christian , Kokhanovsky Alexander , v. d. A Ronald , Piketh Stuart , Langerman Kristy , Platt Ulrich
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Aircraft measurements of NO2 using an imaging differential optical absorption spectrometer (iDOAS) instrument over the South African Highveld region in August 2007 are presented and compared to satellite measurements from OMI and SCIAMACHY. In-situ aerosol and trace-gas vertical profile measurements, along with aerosol optical thickness and single-scattering albedo measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), are used to devise scenarios for a radiative-transfer modelling sensitivity study. Uncertainty in the air-mass factor due to variations in the aerosol and NO2 profile shape is constrained, and used to calculate vertical column densities (VCD), which are compared to co-located satellite measurements. The lower spatial resolution of the satellites cannot resolve the detailed plume structures revealed in the aircraft measurements. The airborne DOAS in general measured steeper horizontal gradients and higher peak NO2 vertical column density. Aircraft measurements close to major sources, spatially-averaged to the satellite resolution, indicate NO2 column densities more than twice those measured by the satellite. The agreement between the high-resolution aircraft instrument and the satellite instrument improves with distance from the source. Despite their low spatial resolution, satellite images reveal point sources and plumes that retain their structure for several hundred kilometers downwind.
MIPAS IMK/IAA Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Retrieval
Authors: Eckert Ellen , von Clarmann Thomas , Laeng Alexandra , Stiller Gabriele P. , Funke Bernd , Glatthor Norbert , Grabowski Udo , Kellmann Sylvia , Kiefer Michael , Linden Andrea , Wetzel Gerald , Boone Christopher , Engel Andreas , Harrison Jeremy J. , Sheese Patrick E. , Walker Kaley A. , Bernath Peter F.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. MIPAS thermal limb emission measurements were used to derive vertically resolved profiles of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Level-1b data versions MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 were converted into profiles using the level-2 processor developed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA). Consideration of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) as interfering species, which is jointly retrieved and CO2 line mixing, was found to be crucial for reliable retrievals. Parts of the CO2 Q-branch region that overlap with the CCl4 signature were omitted, since large residuals were still found even though line mixing was considered in the forward model. However, the omitted spectral region could be narrowed considerably when line mixing was a44 volume mixing ratios. In general, latitude-altitude cross-section show the expected CCl4 features with highest values of around 90 pptv at altitudes at and below the tropical tropopause and values decreasing with altitude and latitude due to stratospheric decomposition. Other patterns, such as subsidence in the polar vortex during winter and early spring, are also visible in the distributions. The decline in CCl4 abundance during the MIPAS Envisat measurement period (July 2002 to April 2012) is clearly reflected in the retrieved distributions.
Quantity and Quality Benefits of in-Service Invasive Cleaning of Trunk Mains
Authors: Sunny Iftekhar , Husband Stewart , Drake Nick , Mckenzie Kevan , Boxall Joby
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Trunk mains are high risk critical infrastructure where poor performance can impact on large numbers of customers. Both quantity (e.g. hydraulic capacity) and quality (e.g. discolouration) of trunk main performance are affected by asset deterioration in the form of particle accumulation at the pipe wall. Trunk main cleaning techniques are therefore desirable to remove such material. However little is quantified regarding the efficacy of different maintenance interventions, or longer term changes following such cleaning. This paper presents an assessment for quantity and quality performance of a trunk main system pre, post and for twelve months following cleaning using pigging with ice slurry. Hydraulic calibration showed a 7x roughness height reduction after ice slurry pigging, evidencing substantially improved hydraulic capacity and reduced headloss. Turbidity response due to carefully imposed shear stress increase remained significant after the cleaning intervention evidencing that relatively loose materials had be not been fully removed from the pipe wall. Ongoing material accumulation and associated discolouration risk was shown, with the rate of accumulation found to correlate with temperature. Overall the results demonstrate that cleaning by pigging with ice slurry can be beneficial for quantity performance, but care and further assessment may be necessary to realise the full quality benefits.
Radio-frequency interference mitigating hyperspectral L-band radiometer
Authors: Toose Peter , Roy Alexandre , Solheim Frederick , Derksen Chris , Watts Tom , Royer Alain , Walker Anne
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Radio-frequency interference (RFI) can significantly contaminate the measured radiometric signal of current spaceborne L-band passive microwave radiometers. These spaceborne radiometers operate within the protected passive remote sensing and radio-astronomy frequency allocation of 1400–1427 MHz but nonetheless are still subjected to frequent RFI intrusions. We present a unique surface-based and airborne hyperspectral 385 channel, dual polarization, L-band Fourier transform, RFI-detecting radiometer designed with a frequency range from 1400 through  ≈  1550 MHz. The extended frequency range was intended to increase the likelihood of detecting adjacent RFI-free channels to increase the signal, and therefore the thermal resolution, of the radiometer instrument. The external instrument calibration uses three targets (sky, ambient, and warm), and validation from independent stability measurements shows a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.0 K for ambient and warm targets and 1.5 K for sky. A simple but effective RFI removal method which exploits the large number of frequency channels is also described. This method separates the desired thermal emission from RFI intrusions and was evaluated with synthetic microwave spectra generated using a Monte Carlo approach and validated with surface-based and airborne experimental measurements.
Sensitivity of the WRF-Chem (V3.6.1) model to different dust emission parametrisation: Assessment in the broader Mediterranean region
Authors: Flaounas Emmanouil , Kotroni Vassiliki , Lagouvardos Konstantinos , Klose Martina , Flamant Cyrille , Giannaros Theodore M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this study we aim to assess the WRF-Chem model capacity to reproduce dust transport over the eastern Mediterranean. For this reason, we compare the model aerosol optical depth (AOD) outputs to observations, focusing on three key regions: North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean. Three sets of four simulations have been performed for the six-month period of spring and summer 2011. Each simulation set uses a different dust emission parametrisation and for each parametrisation, the dust emissions are multiplied with various coefficients in order to tune the model performance. Our assessment approach is performed across different spatial and temporal scales using AOD observations from satellites and ground-based stations, as well as from airborne measurements of aerosol extinction coefficients over the Sahara. Assessment over the entire domain and simulation period shows that the model presents temporal and spatial variability similar to observed AODs, regardless of the applied dust emission parametrisation. On the other hand, when focusing on specific regions, the model skill varies significantly. Tuning the model performance by applying a coefficient to dust emissions may reduce the model AOD bias over a region, but may increase it in other regions. In particular, the model was shown to realistically reproduce the major dust transport events over the eastern Mediterranean, but failed to capture the regional background AOD. Further comparison of the model simulations to airborne measurements of vertical profiles of extinction coefficients over North Africa suggests that the model realistically reproduces the total atmospheric column AOD. Finally, we discuss the model results in two sensitivity tests, where we included finer dust mode (less than 1 μm) and changed accordingly the dust bins mass fraction.
Tree-, stand- and site-specific controls on landscape-scale patterns of transpiration
Authors: Hassler Sibylle K. , Weiler Markus , Blume Theresa
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Transpiration is a key process in the hydrological cycle and a sound understanding and quantification of transpiration and its spatial variability is essential for management decisions as well as for improving the parameterisation of hydrological and soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models. For individual trees, transpiration is commonly estimated by measuring sap flow. Besides evaporative demand and water availability, tree-specific characteristics such as species, size or social status control sap flow amounts of individual trees. Within forest stands, properties such as species composition, basal area or stand density additionally affect sap flow, for example via competition mechanisms. Finally, sap flow patterns might also be influenced by landscape-scale characteristics such as geology, slope position or aspect because they affect water and energy availability; however, little is known about the dynamic interplay of these controls. We studied the relative importance of various tree-, stand- and site-specific characteristics with multiple linear regression models to explain the variability of sap velocity measurements in 61 beech and oak trees, located at 24 sites spread over a 290 km2-catchment in Luxembourg. For each of 132 consecutive days of the growing season of 2014 we modelled the daily sap velocities of these 61 trees and determined the importance of the different predictors. Results indicate that a combination of tree-, stand- and site-specific factors controls sap velocity patterns in the landscape, namely tree species, tree diameter, the stand density, geology and aspect. Compared to these predictors, spatial variability of atmospheric demand and soil moisture explains only a small fraction of the variability in the daily datasets. However, the temporal dynamics of the explanatory power of the tree-specific characteristics, especially species, are correlated to the temporal dynamics of potential evaporation. Thus, transpiration estimates at the landscape scale would benefit from not only considering hydro-meteorological drivers, but also including tree, stand and site characteristics in order to improve the spatial representation of transpiration for hydrological and soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models.
A discrete wavelet spectrum approach to identifying non-monotonic trend pattern of hydroclimate data
Authors: Sang Yan-Fang , Sun Fubao , Singh Vijay P. , Xie Ping , Sun Jian
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Hydroclimate system is changing non-monotonically and identifying its trend pattern is a great challenge. Building on the discrete wavelet transform theory, we develop a discrete wavelet spectrum (DWS) approach for identifying non-monotonic trend patterns in hydroclimate time series and evaluating their statistical significance. After validating the DWS approach using two typical synthetic time series, we examined the temperature and potential evaporation over China from 1961–2013, and found that the DWS approach detected both the warming and the warming hiatus in temperature, and the reversed changes in potential evaporation. Interestingly, the identified trend patterns showed stable significance when the time series was longer than 30 years or so (i.e., the widely defined climate timescale). Our results suggest that non-monotonic trend patterns of hydroclimate time series and their significance should be carefully identified, and the DWS approach has the potential for wide use in hydrological and climate sciences.
Optimized mixed-domain signal synthesis for broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements on lithium ion cells for automotive applications
Authors: Haußmann Peter , Melbert Joachim
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A new impedance spectroscopy measurement procedure for automotive battery cells is presented, which is based on waveform shaping. The method is optimized towards a short measurement duration, high excitation power and increased frequency resolution and overcomes limitations of established methods. For a given spectral magnitude profile, a corresponding time domain waveform is derived from the inverse discrete Fourier transform. Applying an identical initial phase angle for each frequency component, the resulting signal exhibits a high peak-to-peak amplitude at relatively low total excitation power. This limits the maximum allowed power for quasi-linear excitation. Altering the phase angles randomly spreads the excitation power across the complete measurement duration. Thereby, linearity is preserved at higher excitation power. A large set of phase patterns is evaluated statistically in order to obtain a phase pattern with a significant peak-to-peak amplitude decrease. By means of numerical optimization, even further peak-to-peak amplitude reduction is achieved. Including window functions in the synthesis concept minimizes spectral leakage without compromising the spectral signal magnitude in the frequency range of interest. A time domain waveform optimized for impedance spectroscopy on lithium ion cells is synthesized based on the proposed approach and evaluated on real automotive cells. The resulting impedance data show good concordance with established standard measurement procedures at significantly reduced measurement duration and charge throughput. Additionally, increased frequency resolution is achieved, enhancing the level of detail of the obtained impedance data. The method is used for improved localization of aging effects in the cells, without further stress of the cells by the measurement procedure.
Calculation of coseismic displacement from lidar data in the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake
Authors: Moya Luis , Yamazaki Fumio , Liu Wen , Chiba Tatsuro
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the coseismic displacements that occurred along the Futagawa fault during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake of Mw 7.0 was estimated using airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data. In this study, a pair of digital surface models (DSMs) obtained from the high-density lidar data before and after the mainshock on 16 April 2016 were used. A window matching search approach based on the correlation coefficient between the two DSMs was used to estimate the geodetic displacement in the near-field region. The results showed good agreements with the geodetic displacements calculated from strong-motion acceleration records and coincided with the fault line surveyed by the Geological Survey of Japan.
Generating synthetic fjord bathymetry for coastal Greenland
Authors: Williams Christopher N. , Cornford Stephen L. , Jordan Thomas M. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Siegert Martin J. , Clark Christopher D. , Swift Darrel A. , Sole Andrew , Fenty Ian , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Bed topography is a critical boundary for the numerical modelling of ice sheets and ice–ocean interactions. A persistent issue with existing topography products for the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet and surrounding sea floor is the poor representation of coastal bathymetry, especially in regions of floating ice and near the grounding line. Sparse data coverage, and the resultant coarse resolution at the ice–ocean boundary, poses issues in our ability to model ice flow advance and retreat from the present position. In addition, as fjord bathymetry is known to exert strong control on ocean circulation and ice–ocean forcing, the lack of bed data leads to an inability to model these processes adequately. Since the release of the last complete Greenland bed topography–bathymetry product, new observational bathymetry data have become available. These data can be used to constrain bathymetry, but many fjords remain completely unsampled and therefore poorly resolved. Here, as part of the development of the next generation of Greenland bed topography products, we present a new method for constraining the bathymetry of fjord systems in regions where data coverage is sparse. For these cases, we generate synthetic fjord geometries using a method conditioned by surveys of terrestrial glacial valleys as well as existing sinuous feature interpolation schemes. Our approach enables the capture of the general bathymetry profile of a fjord in north-west Greenland close to Cape York, when compared to observational data. We validate our synthetic approach by demonstrating reduced overestimation of depths compared to past attempts to constrain fjord bathymetry. We also present an analysis of the spectral characteristics of fjord centrelines using recently acquired bathymetric observations, demonstrating how a stochastic model of fjord bathymetry could be parameterised and used to create different realisations.
La philosophie ricœurienne de l’esthétique entre poétique et éthique
Authors: Lelièvre Samuel
Published: February 2017

La philosophie ricœurienne ne se situe jamais directement dans le champ de l’esthétique philosophique en ce sens que l’esthétique philosophique n’apparaît jamais comme un domaine de questionnement et d’élaboration discursif majeur de la philosophie ricœurienne ou qui l’orienterait dans son ensemble. Pour autant, Ricœur entretient, à travers toute son œuvre philosophique, un rapport constant, quoique complexe, à l’esthétique. La thèse du présent article est que cette difficulté est relative autant à la complexité de la philosophie ricœurienne qu’à la situation de crise de l’esthétique en tant que champ philosophique autonome. Une confrontation plus directe avec l’esthétique philosophique, telle qu’elle est développée aujourd’hui par la philosophie analytique et la théorie critique, est nécessaire pour prendre conscience de ce rapport de la philosophie ricœurienne avec l’esthétique. Il apparaît alors que si la philosophie ricœurienne permet de maintenir une autonomie du champ de l’esthétique héritée de Kant, ce n’est pas dans le cadre de l’élaboration d’une “esthétique ricœurienne,” dont on peut contester qu’elle puisse exister, mais d’une philosophie ricœurienne de l’esthétique se déterminant essentiellement sur trois niveaux d’articulation: 1) l’articulation entre poétique et esthétique au sein d’une philosophie de l’imagination, 2) l’articulation entre criticisme et herméneutique en rapport avec les notions de texte et de distanciation, 3) l’articulation entre communication et ontologie résumant les étapes précédentes en conjoignant des perspectives phénoménologique, analytique et critique. Ainsi peut-on considérer que cette autonomie du champ de l’esthétique n’est possible qu’arrimée à un horizon de sens déterminé par l’anthropologie philosophique ricœurienne: sur le plan axiologique, le champ de l’esthétique se différencie, en amont, du champ du poétique et, en aval, du champ de l’éthique; sur le plan ontologique, la philosophie ricœurienne de l’esthétique concerne une région à la fois intermédiaire et congruente à celles traitées par la philosophie ricœurienne de l’imagination et par la philosophie ricœurienne de l’action.
Architecture et Narrativité
Authors: Ricoeur Paul
Published: February 2017

Text of Paul Ricoeur (french version)
MODELO HIERÁRQUICO DE VULNERABILIDADE NO ESPORTE
Authors: Rebustini Flávio , Machado Afonso Antonio
Published: February 2017

O objetivo foi desenvolver um modelo hierárquico de vulnerabilidade para o esporte. Foram realizadas entrevistas In-depth com 21 participantes do esporte de alto rendimento (13 mulheres). Foi aplicada a análise de conteúdo com a categorização e hierarquização das temáticas. Resultados: A categorização gerou 1 metaclasse (Formação Educacional); os resultados foram organizados em 5 classes: Instituição e Políticas, Comunicação e Marketing, Desenvolvimento Esportivo, Aspectos Psicossociai e Desempenho Esportivo, que totalizaram 25 categorias; uma categoria foi denominada de transcategoria (Assédio). Depreende-se que a vulnerabilidade está mais presente no ambiente esportivo do que a literatura tem relatado e por meio do modelo podemos identificar as formas de manifestação.
Afastamento laboral por transtornos mentais entre os servidores da prefeitura municipal de Manaus: uma análise preliminar
Authors: Marangoni Vívian Silva Lima , Neves André Luiz Machado das , Souza Filho Zilmar Augusto de , Martins Gizelly de Carvalho
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho teve o propósito de investigar as ocorrências de afastamentos laborais decorrentes de transtornos mentais entre os servidores da Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus – PMM, registrados pela Junta Médica do Município, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011. Encontrou-se, após a análise documental, dados de extrema significância que convergem com inúmeros estudos os quais assinalam a natureza do trabalho como fator de risco para o adoecimento mental. Verificou-se, através dos mesmos, que os transtornos mentais estão entre as maiores causas de afastamentos das atividades laborais, especialmente entre os servidores da área da saúde e da educação, representando 10% do total de licenças concedidas em 2011. Esses achados poderão subsidiar futuros estudos que tenham como foco a promoção de saúde e a qualidade de vida desses profissionais, constituindo-se em um grande desafio para os gestores públicos.
Avaliação do ciclo estral, tecido ovariano e uterino e parâmetros fetais de ratas Wistar tratadas com Topiramato
Authors: Camargo Isabel Cristina Cherici , Neres Willian Eduardo , Queiroz Mello Ana Paula , Simão Vinicius Augusto
Published: February 2017

O Topiramato está incluído na mais nova geração de drogas antiepilépticas e é conhecido que apresenta múltiplos mecanismos de ação. A droga também é usada como redutor de massa corporal. Seu efeito nos tecidos reprodutivos e no ciclo estral merece maior atenção. Então, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os possíveis efeitos da droga sobre os tecidos ovariano e uterino, ciclo estral e alguns parâmetros fetais de ratas Wistar não epilépticas. No Experimento I, as fêmeas receberam água de torneira (C – grupo controle; n=8) ou Topiramato (grupo TPM; 100 mg/kg; n=8), oralmente por 6 semanas. Foram monitorados o ciclo estral e o consumo de ração. As secções ovarianas e uterinas foram examinadas em microscopia de luz. No Experimento II, ratas prenhes dos grupos C e TPM receberam os tratamentos durante os períodos de pré-implantação, implantação ou organogênese. Nas fêmeas do Experimento I, o TPM não teve efeito sobre o consumo de alimento, peso corpóreo final, peso corpóreo semanal e ciclo estral. O peso ovariano e uterino foi similar em ambos os grupos. A cinética da foliculogênese não foi afetada pelo tratamento com a droga. Houve uma significativa (p>0,05) redução na espessura endometrial do grupo TPM. No Experimento II, o peso fetal foi reduzido (p<0,05) em todos os períodos de exposição ao TPM. Não houve efeito do tratamento sobre a morfologia externa fetal. Concluindo, os resultados indicam que o TPM promove discretas alterações no tecido uterino e causa decréscimo no peso fetal após a exposição em diferentes períodos gestacionais.
Gênero e formação em Psicologia: sentidos atribuídos por estudantes à saúde do homem
Authors: Martins Alberto Mesaque , Abade Flávia Lemos , Afonso Maria Lúcia Miranda
Published: February 2017

Apresenta-se uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida por meio de um grupo
focal com graduandos em Psicologia, visando a conhecer os sentidos que
eles atribuem à relação entre gênero e saúde, em especial à saúde do homem.
A pesquisa se apoiou nas teorias de gênero e nos estudos sobre a formação
em Psicologia, em interlocução com o campo da saúde coletiva. Os
resultados revelam que os sentidos enunciados pelos sujeitos se encontram
marcados pelos modos de produção da existência, especialmente por suas
experiências no trabalho e na família, refletindo na maneira como eles
percebem a vinculação dos homens às ações e práticas de saúde. Defende-se
a incorporação da temática de gênero e saúde na formação em Psicologia, em
uma perspectiva crítica e propositiva, e não meramente cognitiva, levandose
em consideração os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Empowering Mathematical Practices
Authors: Coomes Jacqueline , Lee Hyung Sook
Published: February 2017

A formative assessment framework is interpreted in light of the gaps between student work and proficient uses of the mathematical practices.
KEAP1 loss modulates sensitivity to kinase targeted therapy in lung cancer
Authors: Krall Elsa B , Wang Belinda , Munoz Diana M , Ilic Nina , Raghavan Srivatsan , Niederst Matthew J , Yu Kristine , Ruddy David A , Aguirre Andrew J , Kim Jong Wook , Redig Amanda J , Gainor Justin F , Williams Juliet A , Asara John M , Doench John G , Janne Pasi A , Shaw Alice T , McDonald III Robert E , Engelman Jeffrey A , Stegmeier Frank , Schlabach Michael R , Hahn William C
Published: February 2017

Inhibitors that target the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have led to clinical responses in lung and other cancers, but some patients fail to respond and in those that do resistance inevitably occurs (Balak et al., 2006; Kosaka et al., 2006; Rudin et al., 2013; Wagle et al., 2011). To understand intrinsic and acquired resistance to inhibition of MAPK signaling, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 gene deletion screens in the setting of BRAF, MEK, EGFR, and ALK inhibition. Loss of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NFE2L2/NRF2, modulated the response to BRAF, MEK, EGFR, and ALK inhibition in BRAF-, NRAS-, KRAS-, EGFR-, and ALK-mutant lung cancer cells. Treatment with inhibitors targeting the RTK/MAPK pathway increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells with intact KEAP1, and loss of KEAP1 abrogated this increase. In addition, loss of KEAP1 altered cell metabolism to allow cells to proliferate in the absence of MAPK signaling. These observations suggest that alterations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway may promote survival in the presence of multiple inhibitors targeting the RTK/Ras/MAPK pathway.
Epigenetic regulation of lateralized fetal spinal gene expression underlies hemispheric asymmetries
Authors: Ocklenburg Sebastian , Schmitz Judith , Moinfar Zahra , Moser Dirk , Klose Rena , Lor Stephanie , Kunz Georg , Tegenthoff Martin , Faustmann Pedro , Francks Clyde , Epplen Jörg T , Kumsta Robert , Güntürkün Onur
Published: February 2017

Lateralization is a fundamental principle of nervous system organization but its molecular determinants are mostly unknown. In humans, asymmetric gene expression in the fetal cortex has been suggested as the molecular basis of handedness. However, human fetuses already show considerable asymmetries in arm movements before the motor cortex is functionally linked to the spinal cord, making it more likely that spinal gene expression asymmetries form the molecular basis of handedness. We analyzed genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA methylation in cervical and anterior thoracal spinal cord segments of five human fetuses and show development-dependent gene expression asymmetries. These gene expression asymmetries were epigenetically regulated by miRNA expression asymmetries in the TGF-β signaling pathway and lateralized methylation of CpG islands. Our findings suggest that molecular mechanisms for epigenetic regulation within the spinal cord constitute the starting point for handedness, implying a fundamental shift in our understanding of the ontogenesis of hemispheric asymmetries in humans.
Corneal Biomechanics
Authors: Maru Shruti Kochar , Grover Tushar , Shetty Rohit
Published: February 2017

Biomechanics links corneal structure to its function. An area of intense research, corneal biomechanics can distinguish normal from ectatic corneas and has applications in various fields including cataract surgery, intraocular pressure measurement and glaucoma. It is also likely to serve as an important tool in the selection of suitable candidates for refractive surgery. This article reviews various methods of assessment of biomechanical properties of the cornea and its applications along with case examples to highlight the role it plays in clinical practice.
Dementia and co‐occurring chronic conditions: a systematic literature review to identify what is known and where are the gaps in the evidence?
Authors: Snowden Mark B. , Steinman Lesley E. , Bryant Lucinda L. , Cherrier Monique M. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Leith Katherine H. , Levy Cari , Logsdon Rebecca G. , Copeland Catherine , Vogel Mia , Anderson Lynda A. , Atkins David C. , Bell Janice F. , Fitzpatrick Annette L.
Published: February 2017

Objective

The challenges posed by people living with multiple chronic conditions are unique for people with dementia and other significant cognitive impairment. There have been recent calls to action to review the existing literature on co‐occurring chronic conditions and dementia in order to better understand the effect of cognitive impairment on disease management, mobility, and mortality.

Methods

This systematic literature review searched PubMed databases through 2011 (updated in 2016) using key constructs of older adults, moderate‐to‐severe cognitive impairment (both diagnosed and undiagnosed dementia), and chronic conditions. Reviewers assessed papers for eligibility and extracted key data from each included manuscript. An independent expert panel rated the strength and quality of evidence and prioritized gaps for future study.

Results

Four thousand thirty‐three articles were identified, of which 147 met criteria for review. We found that moderate‐to‐severe cognitive impairment increased risks of mortality, was associated with prolonged institutional stays, and decreased function in persons with multiple chronic conditions. There was no relationship between significant cognitive impairment and use of cardiovascular or hypertensive medications for persons with these comorbidities. Prioritized areas for future research include hospitalizations, disease‐specific outcomes, diabetes, chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, depression, falls, stroke, and multiple chronic conditions.

Conclusions

This review summarizes that living with significant cognitive impairment or dementia negatively impacts mortality, institutionalization, and functional outcomes for people living with multiple chronic conditions. Our findings suggest that chronic‐disease management interventions will need to address co‐occurring cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Maximum EWMA Control Chart for Simultaneously Monitoring Process Mean and Dispersion Using Auxiliary Information
Authors: Haq Abdul
Published: February 2017

The maximum exponentially weighted moving average (MaxEWMA) control charts have gained considerable attention for simultaneously detecting both increases and decreases in the mean and/or dispersion of a process. In this paper, we propose a new auxiliary information‐based (AIB) MaxEWMA control chart, called the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart. The AIB‐MaxEWMA chart encompasses the existing MaxEWMA chart. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the average run length, standard deviation of the run length, and diagnostic abilities of the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart. An extensive comparison reveals that the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart performs uniformly better than the MaxEWMA chart. An example is also used to explain the implementation and working of the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.