bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative estimates of the parameters of the sensitive elements of the ferromagnetic gyroscope
Authors: Chepilko Mykola , Ponomarenko Sergii
Published: July 2024

The artіcle deals wіth the physіcal foundatіons of the applіcatіon of modern nanotechnologіes for the development of a nano-sіzed ferromagnetіc gyroscope for control systems of small movіng objects. The proposed model of a ferromagnetіc gyroscope іs based on the use of a perіodіc structure (pseudocrystal) of coherent monodomaіn ferromagnetіc quantum dots (FCDs) that are іn a state of quantum levіtatіon. A feature of the proposed ferromagnetіc gyroscope model іs the absence of any mechanіcal components, whіch wіll ensure hіgh relіabіlіty and sensіtіvіty of the devіce. The dependence of the amplіtude-frequency characterіstіc of the іntensіty of energy absorptіon of a harmonіc magnetіc fіeld by a pseudocrystal on іts orіentatіon іn space has been establіshed, whіch can be used as a basіs for the development of a ferromagnetіc gyroscope.
The new numerical methods for the Kepler problem
Authors: Elenin Georgii Georgievich
Published: July 2024

This messadge contains a discription of the new family of adaptive symplectic conservative numerical methods for the Kepler problem. The methods perform symplectic mapping from the initial to the current state and, therefore, they preserve phase volume. In contrast to the existing symplectic methods, e.g., Verlet integrator, they preserve all first integrals of the Kepler problem i.e., angular momentum, full energy and Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector in the frame of the exact arithmetic. The orbit and the velocity hodograph are preserved as well. The numerical integration adaptive step is chosen automatically based on the local features of the solution. The step decreases where phase variables change most rapidly. The methods approximate dependence of phase variables on time with 2-nd or 4-th, or 6-th order.
REVISITING ZIONISM AS A STATE IDEOLOGY OF ISRAEL: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ISRAEL—PALESTINE CONFLICT
Authors: Musthafa Sabiq
Published: July 2024

This paper critically examines Zionism as the state ideology of Israel, with a particular focus on its role and impact within the Israel-Palestine conflict. Zionism, originally a movement for the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland, has evolved into a complex and contentious political ideology. This study revisits its historical roots, ideological foundations, and contemporary interpretations. By exploring the intersection of Zionism with nationalism, religion, and politics, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how Zionism shapes Israeli policies and influences the ongoing conflict with Palestine. The analysis delves into the narratives and counter-narratives surrounding Zionism, addressing the perspectives of various stakeholders, including Israeli Jews, Palestinians, and the international community. Through a critical lens, the paper assesses the implications of Zionist ideology for peace prospects, human rights, and regional stability. The findings underscore the need to re-evaluate Zionism in light of its practical outcomes and ethical considerations. This study contributes to the broader discourse on state ideologies, conflict resolution, and Middle Eastern politics, offering insights into the possibilities for a just and sustainable resolution to the Israel-Palestine conflict.
JAWDAT SA’ID ON PACIFISM AND VIOLENCE TODAY
Authors: Abdulaev Sabina
Published: July 2024

Nonviolence and pacifism are widely recognized and understood by various religions and cultures. Since the 1960s, a particular group of intellectuals, theologians, and religious leaders in the Muslim world have been working to establish a theoretical basis for social justice and a society that embraces diversity. Their efforts primarily focus on minimizing the use of violence. The main objective of this work is to elucidate the philosophical perspective on pacifism in Islam as articulated by the contemporary Islamic scholar Jawdat Saʽīd (1931-2022). Saʽīd offers an academic viewpoint on the strategic implementation of pacifism for promoting social change within the Muslim world and its diplomatic utilization externally. His theory is equally applicable to the non-Muslim world, encompassing monotheists and atheists as well. This study examines the texts or written materials, as well as the spoken words and interviews available on Saʽīd's personal website and other online platforms related to academia and widely known and used by the public.
INTENSIFICATION OF RECOVERY HEAT EXCHANGE IN RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Authors: Hariev L. A. , Riabova I. B.
Published: July 2024

Traditionally, a lot of ethyl alcohol is produced in Ukraine for the needs of the food, pharmaceutical, and fuel industries. Ukraine has a significant raw material base for the production of ethyl alcohol, which makes this industry one of the most promising for the country's economy. A reduction in the cost of production is a necessary condition for healthy competition of ethanol producers on the domestic and foreign markets. Providing an impetus for the development of the specified industry is the reduction of specific energy costs for production through energy-efficient modernization of existing enterprises.
Today, one of the methods of reducing the specific energy consumption for the production of ethyl alcohol is the method of integration of heat flows, which is based on pinch analysis and does not require a total reconstruction of the production.
Obtaining data on technological flows was carried out on the basis of the regulatory documentation of the equipment and technological scheme of the installation of the centralized distillation of the main fraction of ethyl alcohol and the report on the energy audit of this installation, which was carried out at one of the alcohol enterprises of Ukraine.
For the thermal integration of the existing process, four columns of the centralized ethanol distillation unit were chosen: fermentation and purification, rectification and methanol. The thermal and material balances of these columns of the installation were calculated.
To maximize the energy potential of technological flows, the principles of pinch design were used and a grid diagram was designed.
To optimize heat energy recovery, ΔТmin – 10 ºС was chosen. This led to the need to use energy-efficient heat exchange equipment. A significant reduction in the use of external utilities (cold by 17.2 % and hot by 12.8 %) for the selected technological flows and the short payback period of the project (about six months) make it reasonable to use this kind of solution to the problem.
DEVELOPMENT OF NICKEL-ZINC FERRITE COMPOSITIONS WITH HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT FOR RADIO-ABSORBING MATERIALS
Authors: Kryvobok A. V.
Published: July 2024

The development of electronic and electrical equipment leaves a trace in the form of negative effects of unwanted electromagnetic radiation, from which protection in Ukraine is rare and is not actually regulated. In many countries, there are requirements for electromagnetic compatibility that apply to technical equipment that is exposed to and a source of electromagnetic interference. A growing number of technical devices, such as radios, radars, high-voltage power lines, and others, require effective protection against electromagnetic radiation. This is especially important in the context of the development of microelectronics and information technology, which are highly sensitive to such interference. In addition, unwanted electromagnetic radiation can be harmful to human health, contributing to the development of cancer. To protect against unwanted radiation, radio-absorbing materials are used, among which ferrite materials are effective. In particular, Ni-Zn ferrites show good results in absorbing radiation in the range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for materials with high magnetic and dielectric constant to reduce the power of reflected radiation in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 50 MHz. An analysis of foreign scientific publications has shown that the dielectric constant of ferrites can be increased by increasing the barrier capacity due to an increase in the electrical resistance of grain boundaries.
In this work, the influence of modifying additives and technological parameters of manufacturing nickel-zinc ferrite Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 for radio-absorbing materials was investigated. The optimal parameters of mixing and grinding of the material at the first and second stages have been established, which ensures the production of fired samples with a density close to the theoretical one.
To explain the obtained properties of ferrites under the influence of modifying additives, the Okazaki model is presented, according to which the difference in the electrical conductivity of grains and the grain boundary layer in the high frequency region forms the barrier capacity. It has been experimentally established that an increase in the Fe2O3 content in the basic composition beyond the stoichiometry, as well as modification of the studied ferrite composition with calcium and titanium oxides, provides an increase in the dielectric constant, which contributes to the production of ferrites with a high absorption level in the frequency range up to 50 MHz.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Digital Video pada Anak Usia Dini di Kecamatan Kwadungan Kabupaten Ngawi Untuk Peningkatan Pemahaman Banjir
Authors: Noor Aulady Mohamad Ferdaus , Setiyawan Cikal
Published: July 2024

Banjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Mitigasi bencana banjir dapat diperkenalkan kepada anak-anak dengan cara yang mudah dipahami oleh mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan penggunaan media pembelajaran film digital untuk mitigasi bencana banjir. Pemilihan media video digital didasarkan pada fakta bahwa anak-anak dapat lebih mudah mengakses dan memahami konten. Untuk mengetahui pengetahuan awal melalui Pre-test dan peningkatannya setelah pembagian media video digital melalui Post-test, peneliti dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 30 responden. Nilai pengetahuan masyarakat responden terbukti lebih tinggi pada hasil analisis data dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil Analisa data Dimana nilai pengetahuan masyarakat yang menjadi responden pada penelitian ini dinilai lebh baik dan pada uji Wilcoxon didapatkan hasil <0,05 menunjukkan bahwa anak semakin paham dengan adanya bencana banjir dan faktor resikonya setelah melihat media digital video pembelajaran. Pengembangan program mitigasi bencana banjir dalam bentuk media digital video pebelajaran terbukti menumbuhkan pengetahuan dan juga sikap anak usia dini agar tanggap bencana sadari dini.
Kemeraltı Hacı Ahmet Ağa Camii ve Medresesi Vakfı
Authors: Çiçek Gül , Savaş Saim
Published: July 2024

Bugünkü İzmir’in Konak ilçesinde, Kemeraltı Çarşısı’nda, Anafartalar Caddesi üzerinde inşa ettirilen cami için 3 Kasım 1671 tarihinde Hacı Ahmet Ağa tarafından bir vakfiye düzenlendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu cami günümüzde Kemeraltı Camii olarak bilinmesine rağmen eskiden caminin kurulduğu bölge “Musabaliyakası” namıyla anıldığından söz konusu cami “Musabaliyakası Camii” veya kurucusunun adına izafeten “Hacı Ahmet Ağa Camii” olarak da bilinmektedir. Cami, inşa edildiği dönemde iç limanın kıyısında iken zamanla denizin dolmasıyla günümüzde etrafında oluşan yapılar ve dükkânlar arasında sıkışmış konumdadır. Hacı Ahmet Ağa, vakfiye kaydına göre, klasik mimari geleneğine uygun olarak cami, medrese ve talebe hücrelerinden oluşan küçük çaplı bir külliye inşa ettirmiş ve bu yapıların işleyişini sağlamak amacıyla bir vakıf tesis etmiştir. İşbu çalışmada; Hacı Ahmet Ağa tarafından inşa ettirilen yapılar ve tesis ettiği vakfın sağladığı hizmetler, vakıftan kimlerin yararlanacağı, görevliler ve ücretleri, vakfın gelir ve giderleri, vakfın yönetim ve işletim şartlarının ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır.
Exploration of Student Adaptation to Blended Learning in Clinical Stage Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nafara Annisa B ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA, Wahid Mardiastuti , Felaza Estivana ,   Education Coordinator Committee, Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta, INDONESIA,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA,   Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, INDONESIA,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA
Published: July 2024

Clinical learning in medical education experienced drastic changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the transition from traditional to online and blended learning models. This condition has resulted in the reduction of student’s clinical skills experience. The adaptation process has become challenging and crucial to determining the success of clinical education. The aim of this study is to explore student adaptation to blended learning in clinical stage during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative phenomenology design. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) with 33 students divided into four sessions. The collected data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis methods. Triangulation and member checking were conducted to ensure trustworthiness. We identified nine themes and subthemes in three categories. The first category concern changes in clinical learning, including changes in the education system, student’s emotional reactions and obstacles. The second category focuses on medical students’ perceptions about blended learning, including benefits and burdens. The last category concerns student adaptation to clinical education, including adaptation to the pandemic situation and blended learning, factors influencing student adaptation and expectations. Students adapted to blended learning by preventing COVID-19 infection, preparing gadgets and information technology (IT) skills, learning innovation and time adjustment. Blended learning was considered beneficial in terms of accessibility, effectivity, flexibility and self-improvement opportunities, while challenges such as teaching clinical skills, less clinical exposure, inappropriate schedules, technical problems, communication barriers, a non-conducive learning environment and complicated examination procedures need to be addressed. Internal and external factors influence student success in blended learning.
Interprofessional Anatomy Education: Its Significance, Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Mat Nawi Nur Fasihah ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA, Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
Published: July 2024

Interprofessional education (IPE) is increasingly recognised as essential for preparing healthcare professionals to work collaboratively in interdisciplinary teams. In the realm of anatomy education, integrating IPE offers unique opportunities to enhance students’ understanding of the human body and its clinical relevance while fostering essential teamwork and communication skills. This commentary underscores the pivotal role of IPE in anatomy curricula, highlighting its capacity to cultivate collaboration among students from various healthcare disciplines and enhance patient care by equipping students to apply anatomical knowledge in interdisciplinary settings. Through interprofessional learning experiences, students develop critical thinking skills and gain a deeper understanding of how anatomy knowledge and skills are translated into patient care, fostering effective problem-solving and clinical reasoning within collaborative teams. Despite the potential benefits, challenges such as curricular integration, logistical barriers, faculty resistance, assessment complexity, resource constraint, and variations in institutional cultures and policies, must be addressed to effectively implement IPE in anatomy education. Overcoming these challenges involves prioritising interdisciplinary collaboration, establishing interdisciplinary curricular models, promoting interprofessional relationships, developing innovative assessment strategies providing faculty development opportunities, and addressing resource constraints. By addressing challenges and implementing recommendations, institutions can create meaningful learning experiences that enhance students’ abilities to work effectively in interdisciplinary teams and improve patient care outcomes.
ChatGPT in Medical Education: Promoting Learning or Killing Critical Thinking?
Authors: Wong Rebecca Shin-Yee ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in technology have transformed the landscape of medical education. The integration of new learning tools like ChatGPT has gained significant attention. This commentary discusses the opportunities and pitfalls of using ChatGPT in medical education. The interactive nature of ChatGPT renders it an invaluable tool for learning, as it allows medical students to seek clarification and receive immediate human-like responses. ChatGPT can also enhance subjective learning and writing skills, and demonstrate potential in clinical decision support and differential diagnosis generation, which can benefit both educators and students. However, misuse of ChatGPT can lead to unintended consequences such as academic dishonesty, overreliance on technology, automation bias, and complacency, which hinder the development of critical thinking skills. Therefore, medical educators should encourage the ethical use of technology in medical education and address ethical considerations such as information accuracy, data security, confidentiality, and medico-legal issues related to technological integration.
A Cross-sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Peritraumatic Distress and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Future Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saw Jo Anne ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Omar Siti Aminah , Ismail Zaliha , Nik Mat Azlinawati , Chen Xin Wee ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, MALAYSIA,   Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, MALAYSIA,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, MALAYSIA,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the prevalence of peritraumatic distress that is linked to the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among undergraduate medical and dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study recruiting 401 undergraduate medical and dental students was conducted at a public university in Malaysia. Accordingly, an online questionnaire was distributed to the participants in September to October 2020, four months after the national COVID-19-related lockdown was relaxed. The primary variable in the analysis was COVID-19 peritraumatic distress, which was measured by the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), and the outcome variable was the PTSD screened by the Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). Models with eight control variables were developed using linear regression analysis. A total of 401 students participated in the survey, with the mean [standard deviation (SD)] age recorded at 21.9 (1.55) years. The prevalence of CPDI was 31.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 27.4, 36.5]. Simple linear regression showed that when unadjusted, the CPDI, year of study, income level, presence of financial difficulty, and gadget accessibility had a significant association with PTSD at p-value <0.25. It was revealed that the CPDI was consistently associated with PTSD, with the estimated adjusted coefficient regression of 0.37 (95% CI 0.32, 0.42), p < 0.001, when other variables (year of study, income level, presence of financial difficulty, and gadget accessibility) were controlled. Significantly, identification of vulnerable students is vital to prevent further impact of psychological distress. Therefore, universities need to have revised and current academic guidelines or policies to minimise the distress that students could face in the event of a future pandemic.
Is There Feedback Fatigue? Medical Teachers’ Views on Cognitive and Affective Factors in Providing Written Feedback
Authors: Soemantri Diantha ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA, Pinasthika Anyta , Greviana Nadia ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA
Published: July 2024

Feedback is a powerful learning tool. Despite its importance, literature has demonstrated how provision of written feedback is often frustrating for medical teachers, some of which are due to time constraint and students’ inadequate responses towards feedback. Therefore, this study argues that providing written feedback is not only a cognitive process, but also heavily relies on teachers’ emotions. This study aims to explore factors that cognitively and affectively influence the provision of written feedback in medical education. This was a descriptive qualitative study involving 33 medical teachers distributed into four focus groups (FGs). FGs were conducted using an interview guide developed from the literature focusing on teachers’ perceptions on written feedback. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Four affecting componentsin providing written feedback were identified consisting of teachers’ cognitive and affective elementsduring observation and interpretation process, students’ characteristics and the nature of the task, significance of feedback, and institutional feedback culture and policies. Besides the teachers’ individual elements, all other three components also affected teachers’ cognitive and affective processes, which further influenced the delivery of written feedback. Some teachers perceived increased cognitive load when they had to write feedback, and some emotional dilemmas between wanting to give written feedback but feeling fatigue. Written feedback was considered useful for documentation, however there were concerns over misinterpretation which may discourage teachers from providing it. Providing written feedback is proven to be a complex process, involving not only cognitive but also affective factors. Supporting teachers’ roles in giving written feedback requires attention to a wide range of factors, from teachers self-regulating ability to the institutional policies on feedback provision.
EFAVIRENZ MICROCRYSTALS FOR DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT - FLUID-BED GRANULATION, SCALE-UP, TABLETING AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Prado Livia , de Castro Isabella , Gonçalves Karen , Argenta Thamyrys , Tasso Leandro , Rocha Helvécio Vinícius
Published: July 2024

Efavirenz, an antiretroviral drug, is a class 2 according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. Many dissolution enhancement systems have been tried and our group had success using wet milling to decrease particle size and granules were obtained by spray and freeze drying. In this paper we present data related to the upgrade in the process, raising the solids concentration in the suspension from 10 to 50% (m/v) and changing the drying step for a fluid bed granulation. After that, tablets were obtained. Granules and tablets were fully evaluated and a pharmacokinetic study was also performed with the granules. By powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was possible to prove that there was no phase transition in the sample after milling and drying. Dissolution efficiency of 4 from 5 granules was higher than 90%, considering 83% for the raw material. Tablets were technically approved but the dissolution was impacted and just 2 out of 11 showed results > 80%. A high enhancement in the bioavailability was also observed, around 172%. So, it is possible to conclude that efavirenz microcrystals with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability can be formulated into tablets and are a viable system to develop a new drug product.
Aracaju anfíbia
Authors: Rafael Ulisses Neves , Santos Ana Caroline da Paz , Santos Igor Tadeu Dias dos
Published: July 2024

Este escrito busca apresentar de forma mais panorâmica uma experiência com as regiões ribeirinhas que compõem os corpos hídricos da cidade de Aracaju e área metropolitana da Capital, e que formam a chamada Bacia Costeira do rio Sergipe, com ênfase sobre dois municípios dessa área geográfica: Aracaju, a capital do estado, e Nossa Senhora do Socorro, regiões cobertas pelos três rios investigados: rio Poxim, o rio do Sal e o rio Sergipe. Boa parte da literatura identificada como antropologia da pesca ou sobre populações ribeirinhas trata sobre populações amazônicas ou em ambientes marinhos, o que nos fez recorrer à tradição de estudos antropológicos que trata o tema muito de passagem, e sobre aspectos que não dizem respeito, necessariamente ao tema que nos tocou trabalhar aqui, no caso, modos de vida e estratégias de sobrevivência nesse ambiente fluvial. Para tanto, recorremos também a outras áreas de estudos específicos que tratam dos modos de vida em regiões estuarinas. Apresentamos, aqui, um esboço acerca da importância dos rios na constituição histórica de Aracaju e os efeitos do desenvolvimento urbano sobre o ambiente fluvial e sobre as populações ribeirinhas, as quais, quase sempre passam despercebidas nas estatísticas oficiais ou nas políticas públicas relacionadas à gestão do patrimônio ambiental, desenvolvem sofisticados sistemas de interação social e profundas experiências comunicativas que qualificam e requalificam constantemente os modos distintos de vida às margens desse complexo aquático.
Submissão: 16 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 23 jun. 2024
“Eu fui para batalhar”
Authors: Estevão-Rezende Yuri Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, por meio do método da história de vida, analiso a trajetória de um estudante em duas repúblicas estudantis em Ouro Preto (MG). Mais especificamente, investigo os discursos emocionais presentes em sua narrativa e como estes se entrelaçam com as relações socioafetivas desses espaços, com uma atenção especial voltada ao período denominado “batalha”, uma espécie de ritual de passagem comum nesse contexto social. Nos relatos analisados, meu interlocutor evoca sentimentos como humilhação, medo, vergonha, felicidade e amizade, os quais foram abordados neste texto à luz da perspectiva contextualista da Antropologia das Emoções, assim como dos estudos de autoras(es) que dialogam com essa linha teórico-metodológica. Dessa forma, procuro sublinhar como tais emoções não apenas evidenciam, mas também participam das dinâmicas sociais marcadas por hierarquias e relações de poder, ao mesmo tempo em que indicam a forma como o estudante lida com sua sexualidade e com os demais moradores das repúblicas estudantis.
Submissão: 10 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 23 jun. 2024
Iluminar e beber
Authors: Costa Marcelo Alves , Rodrigues Elisa Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

Este artigo apresenta as lógicas simbólicas expressas no ritual da Iluminação dos Mortos e no consumo do mingau de manicuera no Dia de Finados (02 de novembro) no Cemitério São Francisco de Assis, localizado na cidade de Vigia de Nazaré, no Pará. A data simbólico-coletiva congrega no Brasil variados elementos sincréticos de diversas matrizes culturais, religiosas e sociais que são vinculadas a componentes estéticos, agentivos e ritualísticos, que no panorama regional, e mesmo nacional, são notadamente herdados, ressignificados e advindos de tradições africanas, indígenas, dentre outros grupos. Para observar tais elementos-rituais, ancorados no campo da Antropologia da Morte através de um esforço etnográfico de investigação, viabilizado pela observação participante e flutuante, além de levantamento bibliográfico de pesquisas realizadas sobre a data e suas particularidades em cada cidade da microrregião do salgado paraense, buscou-se compreender a dinâmica cemiterial e suas ritualidades em conjunto com o consumo da bebida dos mortos no Dia de Finados, bem como entender sua relação, agência, sociabilidade e importância antes, durante e depois da Iluminação dos Mortos. Assim, concluímos que o ato de beber a iguaria remete a uma simbologia congregada ao ritual da iluminação, dada a procura pela manicuera vinculada à data e ao cemitério bem como os discursos afetivos em torno da bebida desde o preparo até o consumo dentro e nas imediações da necrópole.
Submissão: 15 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 11 jun. 2024
Educação linguística como espaço de luta, acolhimento e respeito
Authors: Sabota Barbra , Frank Hélvio
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, consideramos a educação linguística crítica como espaço de luta, acolhimento e respeito para discutir nossas praxiologias docentes e de pesquisas em Licenciaturas em Letras e em Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu. Apresentamos nossas corpolíticas em formato de vinhetas episódicas autoetnográficas (Ono, 2018), a fim de movimentar nossos saberes em prol da “redefinição e ressignificação da vida em condições de dignidade” (Mignolo; Walsh 2018, p. 2). De uma perspectiva pós-crítica, nos desafiamos a narrar quem somos, e a problematizar o que fazemos em nossos contextos, a partir de nossos corpos, dos lugares epistêmicos que ocupamos e das representações sociais que tudo isso evoca. Em nossa escrita, mantemos constante o questionamento sobre como nos vemos formadoras de professoras e que colonialidades nos esforçamos para romper. Por essas vinhetas, defendemos uma educação linguística crítica engajada, atenta às demandas locais e que interponha enfrentamentos às colonialidades do ser, do saber e do poder a partir de praxiologias outras.
Editorial
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: July 2024

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Antiviral Effect of Ferula Plants and their Potential for Treatment of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohammadi Raziyeh , Forouzanfar Hasan , Rahimi Hossein , Mohamadi-Zarch Seyed-Mahdi , Jamhiri Khadijah , Bagheri Seyyed Majid
Published: July 2024

Viral diseases have always been a threat to mankind throughout history, and many
people have lost their lives due to the epidemic of these diseases. In recent years, despite the
progress of science, we are still witnessing a pandemic of dangerous diseases such as COVID-19
all over the world, which can be a warning for humanity. Ferula is a genus of flowering plants
commonly found in Central Asia, and its species have shown antiviral activity against a variety
of viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, Herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza, human
immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and coronaviruses. In this study, we intend to review the
antiviral effects of Ferula plants, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of these plants in the
treatment of COVID-19. Google, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched
to review the relevant literature on the antiviral effect of Ferula or its isolated compounds. The
search was performed using the keywords Ferula, antiviral, Coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial
virus, Herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis
B. According to the reviewed articles and available scientific evidence, it was determined that
the plants of this genus have strong antiviral effects. Also, clinical studies have shown that some
species, such as Ferula assa-foetida, can be used effectively in the treatment of COVID-19.
Ferula plants have inhibitory effects on various viruses, making them an attractive alternative to
conventional antiviral agents. Therefore, these plants are a natural source of valuable compounds
that can help us fight infectious diseases.
Development of CDK12 as a Cancer Therapeutic Target and Related Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Biqing , Liu Jiaqi
Published: July 2024

Cyclin-dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is a Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK) that plays
a crucial role in various biological processes, including transcription, translation, mRNA splicing,
cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair. Dysregulation of CDK12 has been implicated in tumorigenesis,
and genetic alterations affecting CDK12 have been identified in multiple cancer
types, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer. Numerous
studies have demonstrated that suppression of CDK12 expression effectively inhibits tumor
growth and proliferation, underscoring its significance as a cancer biomarker and a potential therapeutic
target in cancer treatment. A thorough comprehension of CDK12 is expected to significantly
enhance the advancement of novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of cancer. In recent
times, endeavors have been undertaken to formulate targeted inhibitors for CDK12, such as
PROTAC and molecular gel degraders. Concurrently, investigations have been conducted on the
combined utilization of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors and immunotherapy as a potential strategy.
This paper examines the diverse functions of CDK12 in the modulation of gene expression
and its implications in human tumors. Specifically, it explores the recently uncovered roles of CDK12
kinases in various cellular processes, emphasizing the potential of CDK12 as a viable therapeutic
target for the management of human tumors. Furthermore, this review provides an up-to--
date account of the advancements made in utilizing CDK12 in tumor therapy.
Arnicolide D Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Ni Renhua , Hu Yuanyu , Yang Yiyuan , Tian Yun
Published: July 2024

Background:

Osteosarcoma is considered as the most prevalent form of primary malignant bone cancer,
prompting a pressing need for novel therapeutic options. Arnicolide D, a sesquiterpene lactone derived from
the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Centipeda minima (known as E Bu Shi Cao in Chinese), showed anticancer
efficacy against several kinds of cancers. However, its effect on osteosarcoma remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of arnicolide D and the underlying molecular
mechanism of its action in osteosarcoma cells, MG63 and U2OS.

Methods:

Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated through MTT assay and colony formation assay following
24 h and 48 h treatment with different concentrations of arnicolide D. Flow cytometry was employed to examine
cell cycle progression and apoptosis after 24 h treatment of arnicolide D. Western blotting was performed to
determine the expression of the PI3k, Akt and m-TOR and their phosphorylated forms.

Results:

Our findings revealed that arnicolide D treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability, the
inhibition of proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore,
arnicolide D could inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in osteosarcoma cells.

Conclusion:

Based on our results, arnicolide D demonstrated significant anti-osteosarcoma activity and held the
potential to be considered as a therapeutic candidate for osteosarcoma in the future.
Diversity And Abundance Of Beetle In The Complex Rice Farming System In Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency
Authors: Ayuba Lang Lang Meilany Noor , Rizali Akhmad
Published: July 2024

Complex rice systems are a type of farming system that provides shelter for various insects, thereby reducing pests and plant diseases while enhancing farmer's economies. Plants and other components integrated with rice enhance beetle diversity and abundance in complex rice systems. This study aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of beetles in a complex rice system and the factors that can influence them. The study was conducted on a complex rice system farm in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency. Observations were made five, seven, and nine weeks after planting the rice. Beetles were sampled using pitfall traps and farmcop traps. The results showed differences in the diversity and abundance of beetles between farms with monoculture systems and those with complex rice systems. However, plant age, temperature, and humidity did not correlate with beetle diversity and abundance. This research concludes that complex rice systems are better than monoculture systems.
Future skills and competencies for Industry 4.0 transformation: A Delphi study of the Ha'il region in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aichouni Mohamed ,   College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in Industry 4.0 technology have introduced significant opportunities and challenges to various economic sectors. These new technologies demand the development of new skills and competencies. By 2030, the job market will require young engineers and leaders to possess different skill sets and operate in a new technological and managerial context. This is particularly relevant to the Saudi economy, which is influenced by the ambitious Saudi Vision 2030 and its associated programs, notably the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP). This study aims to identify and analyze the key forces driving changes in the Saudi labor market using the Delphi methodology. It predicts the essential skills future graduates will need in this changing professional landscape. Furthermore, the study evaluates how well the Saudi higher education system prepares students to acquire these necessary skills. By identifying potential deficiencies in the current educational structure, the research seeks to offer practical suggestions for future enhancements, ensuring graduates are equipped for the evolving job market demands. The outcomes of this Delphi study are particularly crucial for achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, especially concerning Human Capital Development. The insights from this study help in developing a detailed national strategy for higher education reform.
УШКОДЖЕННЯ СЕЛЕЗІНКИ ТА ІМУННОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ЦІЛОМУ ПРИ ЦУКРОВОМУ ДІАБЕТІ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ).
Authors: Ханенко Олександр , Попович Юрій , Левченко Валеріий , Іванців Ольга , Білінський Ігор
Published: July 2024

Актуальність. Цукровий діабет є дуже важливою медичною проблемою, яка призводить до великої кількості ускладнень. Одним з відомих ускладнень є ушкодження імунної системи, яке веде до розвитку різноманітні інфекційні ускладнення. Дослідження змін в імунній системі при цукровому діабеті важливе для розуміння їх патогенезу і розробки ефективних методів лікування та профілактики цієї хвороби.Мета дослідження. Встановити ступінь вивчення питання закономірностей морфо-функціональних змін в селезінці та імунній системі в цілому при цукровому діабеті за даними літератури.Матеріал і методи. Вивчення та узагальнення вітчизняної й зарубіжної літератури, результатів мета-аналізів і рандомізованих досліджень. Результати. Аналіз літературних даних свідчить про те, що провідними механізмами діабетичного ушкодження імунної системи є оксидативний стрес та розвиток хронічного запалення в тканинах. Крім того прозапальні цитокіни, молекули адгезії та хемокіни призводять до ушкодження ендоплазматичної сітки та мітохондріального стресу; в кінцевому результаті вони активують апоптоз у клітині і сприяють пошкодженню тканин та імунну дисфункцію. При прогресуванні хвороби характерні гістопатологічні зміни спостерігаються в селезінці, а саме: атрофія білої пульпи, фіброзні зміни капсули, розширення трабекул та посилення апоптозу самих спленоцитів. На клітинному рівні одну з ключових ролей в підтримці хронічного запалення відіграє дисбаланс клітин Treg і Th17, знижена активність натуральних кіллерів (NK) та зміни співвідношення М1/М2, яке зміщується в бік прозапальних макрофагів.Висновки. В дослідженнях змін імунної системи при цукровому діабеті протягом останнього десятиліття досягнуто значних успіхів. Встановлено, що вплив оксидативного стресу на імунну систему при діабеті відбувається на всіх рівнях від клітинного до органного, при цьому страждають всі клітини організму. Оксидативний стрес впливає на імунну систему, викликаючи хронічне запалення, що виступає одним з факторів, сприяючих розвитку в тканинах різноманітних ускладнень. Власне порушення регуляторних механізмів імунної системи призводить до хронічного запалення в тканинах та клітинного апоптозу.
A Narrative Review on the Use of Eye-Tracking in Rett Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Passaro Anna , Zullo Antonio , Di Gioia Mariacarla , Curcio Enza , Stasolla Fabrizio
Published: July 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females, characterized by a spectrum of debilitating symptoms that impact neurological, cognitive, and motor functions. Eye-tracking technology (ETT) has emerged as a prominent tool in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems, particularly for neurological patients with motor and verbal impairments. This narrative review aimed to evaluate studies conducted on the use of ETT to improve cognitive abilities in girls with RTT and to examine its potential application. A review of the most recent empirical evidences was conducted. Some relevant contributions were highlighted and some useful ideas were detailed. Guidelines for research and practice were argued. The analyzed data demonstrated ETT's effectiveness in improving cognitive abilities in girls with RTT. ETT may be helpful in enhancing cognitive functioning in RTT individuals.
Scoping Review of Nutraceuticals Use in Mediterranean Diet
Authors: Olmo de Dios María del Valle del , Barros-Loscertales Alfonso Roberto , Cruañes Laura Laguna
Published: July 2024

Mediterranean diet, considered key to varied diets, raises whether it is necessary to supplement it with compounds like nutraceuticals to obtain more benefits. A scoping review was conducted. Nine articles were selected that compared the effects of nutraceuticals on biochemical markers (such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc)), weight, and blood pressure in various studies to the results observed in groups only exposed to the Mediterranean diet. The aim was to assess the impact of the Mediterranean diet with and without nutraceutical supplementation. The studies showed that, following nutraceutical intake, there were significant changes in subjects’ lipid profile, specifically decreases in TC and LDLc. We did not observe systematic information regarding blood pressure and weight changes in response to the Mediterranean diet with and without nutraceuticals. No adverse effects related to nutraceutical consumption were reported in any study. Nutraceuticals can be used to reinforce the basis of the Mediterranean diet and promote a reduction in lipid profile parameters like TC and LDLc. No significant information about triglycerides, blood pressure, or glucose levels is reported.
Privacy-Preserving Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Multi-Institutional Data: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Suh Jungyo , Lee Garam , Kim Jung Woo , Shin Junbum , Kim Yi-Jun , Lee Sang-Wook , Kim Sulgi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

To circumvent regulatory barriers that limit medical data exchange due to personal information security concerns, we use homomorphic encryption (HE) technology, enabling computation on encrypted data and enhancing privacy.

OBJECTIVE

This study explores whether using HE to integrate encrypted multi-institutional data enhances predictive power in research, focusing on the integration feasibility across institutions and determining the optimal size of hospital data sets for improved prediction models.

METHODS

We used data from 341,007 individuals aged 18 years and older who underwent noncardiac surgeries across 3 medical institutions. The study focused on predicting in-hospital mortality within 30 days postoperatively, using secure logistic regression based on HE as the prediction model. We compared the predictive performance of this model using plaintext data from a single institution against a model using encrypted data from multiple institutions.

RESULTS

The predictive model using encrypted data from all 3 institutions exhibited the best performance based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.941); the model combining Asan Medical Center (AMC) and Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) data exhibited the best predictive performance based on area under the precision-recall curve (0.132). Both Ewha Womans University Medical Center and SNUH demonstrated improvement in predictive power for their own institutions upon their respective data’s addition to the AMC data.

CONCLUSIONS

Prediction models using multi-institutional data sets processed with HE outperformed those using single-institution data sets, especially when our model adaptation approach was applied, which was further validated on a smaller host hospital with a limited data set.
Using the Person-Based Approach to Co-Create and Optimize an App-Based Intervention to Support Better Sleep for Adolescents in the United Kingdom: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bennett Sarah E , Johnston Milly H , Treneman-Evans Georgia , Denison-Day James , Duffy Anthony , Brigden Amberly , Kuberka Paula , Christoforou Nicholas , Ritterband Lee , Koh Jewel , Meadows Robert , Alamoudi Doaa , Nabney Ian , Yardley Lucy
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Poor sleep is a common problem in adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Difficulties with sleep have been found to have a bidirectional link to mental health problems.

OBJECTIVE

This new research sought to involve young people in the co-creation of a new app, particularly those from underserved communities. The Sleep Solved app uses science-based advice to improve sleep-related behaviors and well-being. The app was developed using the person-based approach, underpinned by the social cognitive theory and the social-ecological model of sleep health.

METHODS

Young people (aged 14-18 y) were recruited from across the United Kingdom to contribute to patient and public involvement (PPI) activities. In partnership with our peer researcher (MHJ), we used a multitude of methods to engage with PPI contributors, including web-based workshops, surveys, think-aloud interviews, focus groups, and app beta testing.

RESULTS

A total of 85 young people provided PPI feedback: 54 (64%) young women, 27 (32%) young men, 2 (2%) genderfluid people, 1 (1%) nonbinary person, and 1 (1%) who reported “prefer not to say.” Their levels of deprivation ranged from among the 40% most deprived to the 20% least deprived areas. Most had self-identified sleep problems, ranging from 2 to 3 times per week to >4 times per week. Attitudes toward the app were positive, with praise for its usability and use of science-based yet accessible information. Think-aloud interviews and a focus group identified a range of elements that may influence the use of the app, including the need to pay attention to language choices and readability. User experiences in the form of narrated audio clips were used to normalize sleep problems and provide examples of how the app had helped these users.

CONCLUSIONS

Young people were interested in using an app to better support their sleep and mental health. The app was co-created with strong links to theory- and evidence-based sleep hygiene behaviors. Future work to establish the effectiveness of the intervention, perhaps in a randomized controlled trial, would provide support for potential UK-wide rollout.