bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lietuvos ir Švedijos mokinių požiūris į vaiko teises mokymosi procese
Authors: Jonynienė Živilė , Teresevičienė Margarita
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje pristatomi  1998-1999 metais atliktos Lietuvos ir Švedijos mokinių apklausos, kuria buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti mokinių požiūrį į vaiko teisių mokykloje realijas, duomenys. Plačiau aptariami mokytojų ir mokinių lygiateisiškumo, mokinių emocinio ir fizinio saugumo mokykloje klausimai. Nustatyta, kad mokiniams labiausiai trūksta pagarbos jų nuomonei, galimybės būti su mylinčiais ir jais besirūpinančiais žmonėmis, jausmų saugumo.Švedijos moksleivių nuomone, problemiškiausias klausimas mokymosi procese yra jų teisė daryti įtaką sprendimams. Jie pageidauja užimti aktyvią poziciją - nori turėti sprendimo teisę, dalyvauti planuojant ugdymo turinį. Lietuvos mokiniams labiau rūpi tokios mokymosi sąlygos, kai užtikrinama pagarba jų nuomonei, fizinis ir emocinis saugumas, parama. Abiejų šalių mokiniams ypač svarbu, kad mokykloje būtų laikomasi žmogaus teisių ir jos gerbiamos.
Etnokultūros vertybės – asmenybės tapsmo pamatas
Authors: Katinienė Albina
Published: April 2019

Žvelgiant į etnokultūrą, kaip į asmenybės formavimosi erdvę, straipsnyje aktualizuojama jos vertybių pedagoginė funkcija ir vaidmuo visybinei ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaiko dvasinei raidai. Kadangi problemą įvairiais aspektais kitos autorės analizuoja savo straipsniuose, tai šiame aptariama etnokultūros vertybių poveikio mažo vaiko asmenybės sklaidai ypatumai, tų vertybių pedagoginė funkcija, pristatomas etnokultūros vertybių integravimo į vaikų veiklą teorinis ugdymo modelis.
Ar Norvegija tolsta nuo populistinio švietimo?
Authors: Welle-Strand Anne , Tjeldvoll Arild , Thune Taran
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama itin aktuali šių laikų švietimo problema - pasaulyje stiprėjanti internacionalizacija ir tradicinių nacionalinių vertybių išsaugojimas. Autoriai aptaria per pastarąjį dešimtmetį Norvegijoje įvykusius ideologinius prieštaravimus. Kartu įžvelgia didėjantį prieštaravimą tarp tarptautinių globalizacijos tendencijų ir norvegų tautos puoselėjamų vertybių bei tradicijų išlaikymo. Šalia analizuoja ir savo šalyje vykusios švietimo reformos pranašumus ir trūkumus. Remiantis išsamia reformos analize, daroma išvada, kad ekonomiškai stipri šalis gali laikinai atremti globalizacijos iššūkius. Tačiau ilgainiui šie prieštaravimai gali stiprėti ir tada šalis gali būti verčiama paklusti pasaulinėms švietimo raidos tendencijoms. Taigi straipsnyje keliamos problemos yra aktualios daugelio šalių švietimo reformų strategams.
Valstybės, visuomenės ir asmens pastangų įveikti narkomaniją vienijimas
Authors: Nazelskis Eugenijus
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas valstybės, visuomenės ir asmens sutelktų pastangų reikalingumas, siekiant įveikti narkomanijos keliamas grėsmes. Išryškinama jos įveikimo strategija valstybinių uždavinių kontekstu, šeimos, mokyklos ir visuomenės integruotas vaidmuo eliminuojant narkomanijos keliamą grėsmę. Pateikiami narkomanijos įveikimo principai, metodai ir priemonės. Aptariami tyrimo rezultatai, gauti vasaros stovyklose, skirtose jaunimui, nukentėjusiam nuo narkotikų. Tuo siekiama prisidėti prie valstybės politikos, skirtos įveikti narkomaniją, ypač jaunimo tarpe, formavimo.
Pedagogų savęs vertinimo ir socialinio intereso sąsajos individualiosios psichologijos aspektu
Authors: Kepalaitė Albina
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje atskleidžiami pedagogų nevisavertiškumo jausmo ir socialinio intereso ypatumai, interpretuojami individualiosios psichologijos aspektu. Nustatyti pasirinktosios imties atžvilgiu priimtini ir nepageidautini pedagogui nevisavertiškumo jausmo ir socialinio intereso deriniai.
Humaniškumo puoselėtoja (minint doc. dr. Stasės Dzenuškaitės 80-ąsias gimimo metines)
Authors: Aramavičiūtė Vanda
Published: April 2019

Straipsnis skirtas pedgogikos tepretikės ir praktikės S. Dzeniuškaitės jubiliejui.
Šeimoje netektį patyrusių pradinių klasių mokinių vertybių internalizacijos raiška
Authors: Butvilas Tomas
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje aptariamas socializacijos ir vertybių internalizacijos ryšio problemiškumas. Nurodoma, kad socializacijos tyrimuose nepakankamai dėmesio skiriama netektį šeimoje patyrusių vaikų vertybių internalizacijos problemoms. Prieinama išvados, jog šiems vaikams yra sunkiau perimti visuomenei priimtinas socialines-dorovines vertybes ir taip yra apsunkinama jų socializacija. Be to, darbe atskleidžiamas netektį šeimoje patyrusių pradinių klasių mokinių socialinis-dorovinis elgesys, kaip jų socializacijos raiškos rodiklis. Diagnostinio tyrimo pagrindu atskleidžiami šių vaikų vertybių internalizacijos, kaip jų socializacijos pagrindo, ypatumai lyties ir patirtos netekties aspektais.
Konfliktas kaip mokslinio pažinimo objektas
Authors: Čiuladienė Gražina
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama konflikto samprata svarbiausių psichologijos krypčių (psichoanalizės, psichoanalitinės, bihevioristinės, kognityvios, humanistinės) kontekste. Aptariamos galimos konflikto interpretacijos edukologijoje. Iškeliamas konflikto ir ugdymo ryšys, konflikto reikšmė ugdymo procese.
Refleksyvaus mąstymo skatinimas mokant svetimosios kalbos (anglų)
Authors: Šliogerienė Jolita
Published: April 2019

Refleksyvus mąstymas – tai mąstymas giliau ir atidžiau, tai yra probleminių situacijų sprendimas apgalvojant ir analizuojant kiekvieną detalę ar klausimą. Pagrindinė tyrimo hipotezė: svetimosios kalbos autonominės studijos skatina refleksyvųjį mąstymą, kai studentams suteikiama galimybė prisiimti atsakomybę už savo studijas. Studijose akcentuojamas refleksyvus mąstymas ir praktinės patirties savianalizė. Po kiekvienos sesijos atliekamas mokymo ir mokymosi įvertinimas, kurio tikslas - gauti grįžtamąjį ryšį ir tobulinti mokymosi procesą. Visi besimokančiųjų pasiekimai kaupiami „portfelyje". Jame savo komentarus ir vertinimus pateikia dėstytojas ar „mentorius“. „Portfeliu" remiasi ir baigiamasis įvertinimas. Atliktas tyrimas rodo, kad studentai turi būti skatinami prisiimti atsakomybę už savo studijas ir savarankiškai registruoti savo mokymosi pažangą. Kuo daugiau studentams suteikiama atsakomybės, tuo labiau jie yra pasirengę autonominėms studijoms. Pažymėtina, kad dizainas stipriai koreliuoja su atsakomybe (p= .000; r= .422**) ir su motyvacija (p = .000; r = .529**). Vadinasi, mokymosi aplinka turi įtakos studentų motyvacijai ir atsakomybės jausmui. Atlikus tyrimą, galima tvirtinti, kad struktūrizacijos būtinybę išreiškia maždaug pusė studentų. Gera mokymosi proceso struktūra rodo stiprų koreliacinės struktūros ir motyvacijos (p = .000; r = .308**), mokymosi aplinkos (p = .008; r = .218**) ir dėstytojo intervencijos būtinumo (p= .000; r = .502**) ryšį, kiek silpnesnė atskleista koreliacija su atsakomybe (p= .018; r = .196*). Vadinasi, gerai struktūrizuotas mokymosi procesas neskatina studentų prisiimti atsakomybės už savo studijas bei stabdo refleksyvųjj mąstymą.
Racionalumas ir apžava sekant mokytojo pavyzdžiu: ugdymo filosofijos perspektyvos
Authors: Duoblienė Lilija
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje tyrinėjama mokytojo meistrystės fenomenas ir kuo jis pasireiškia. Analizuojama Sokrato, kaip mokytojo, samprata ir mokytojo samprata Rytų ugdymo filosofijoje. Atitinkamai apžvelgiama sokratiškojo dialogo ir kritinio mąstymo tradicija bei jai alternatyvi – kartojimo ir sekimo mokytojo pavyzdžiu tradicija. Svarstoma racionalumo ir apžavos ugdant reikšmė.
Papildomo darbinio (technologinio) ugdymo kaita Lietuvoje
Authors: Širiakovienė Asta
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje atskleidžiama papildomo darbinio (technologinio) ugdymo kaita. Lyginant du skirtingus laikotarpius (tarybinį ir atkurtos nepriklausomybės), aptariami popamokinio darbinio (technologinio) ugdymo ypatumai. Išryškinamos priežastys, apsunkinančios popamokinės veiklos prieinamumą.
Motyvų ir submotyvų sąveika profesijos rinkimosi motyvacijoje
Authors: Jankevičius Stasys
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje, remiantis įvairių veiklos motyvacijos koncepcijų analize ir apibendrinimu, pateikiama motyvų ir kitų motyvacijos veiksnių (submotyvų) sąveika profesijos rinkimosi motyvacijoje.
Žmogaus visybės brandinimas
Authors: Dobranskienė Romualda
Published: April 2019

Prof. Leono Jovaišos knygos „Veikimo įgymių plėtra” recenzija.
Veikalas asmenybės dvasinei brandai ugdyti
Authors: Jovaiša Leonas
Published: April 2019

Vandos Aramavičiūtės veikalo ,,Auklėjimas ir dvasinė asmenybės branda" (Vilnius: Gimtasis žodis, 2005) recenzija.
Postmoderni pragmatinė edukologija: teorinės prielaidos ir modeliai
Authors: Mažeikis Gintautas
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, kaip šiuolaikinė edukologija gali efektyviai užtikrinti pažengusią vėlyvą socializaciją ir ankstyvąją individuaciją postmodernėjančios visuomenės sąlygomis. Tam analizuojamos sąsajos tarp R. Rorty pragmatinės epistemologijos, kooperuotų studijų (Service Learning) ir kultūrinių individuacijos prielaidų. Subjekto fragmentacijos procesas, kuris koreliuoja su šiuolaikine aukštųjų technologijų industrija, daro didelę įtaką perėjimui nuo normatyvinės socializacijos prie kūrybinės individuacijos. Istoriniai, meniniai, šiuolaikinio liaudies ir miesto folkloro pavyzdžiai straipsnyje yra interpretuojami kaip individuacijos prielaida.
Vaikystės sampratos paradigmos kaita: „Ikimokyklinio ugdymo sistemos demokratizavimo“ projekto (1993-2005) studija
Authors: Gražienė Vitalija
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje pristatoma ilgalaikio tarptautinio projekto „Ikimokyklinio ugdymo sistemos demokratizavimas" (1993-2005) patirtis bei remiantis tyrimais ir veiklos rezultatais analizuojamas jo poveikis ikimokyklinio ugdymo teorinės minties ir metodų plėtrai Lietuvoje. Pristatant projekto tikslus ir veiklas, atskleidžiama projekto raida – nuo alternatyvumo iki visiško integravimosi į šiuolaikinių švietimo politikos strategijų, kurioms turėjo įtakos, kontekstą. Svarstomi projekto efektyvumo, prasmingumo, stilistikos ir perspektyvų klausimai vykstant politiniams l socialiniams lūžiams, švietimo reformoms ir švietimo idėjų globalizacijos procesams.
Lietuvos moksleivių ksenofobijos ir politinės tolerancijos bruožai
Authors: Sprindžiūnas Andrius
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje aptariamos politinės tolerancijos tyrimų metodologinės problemos, pateikiami vyresniųjų klasių moksleivių politinės tolerancijos tyrimo rezultatai, išryškinantys jaunuolių požiūrio į skirting socialinių grupių atstovų teisę į žodžio laisvę bei teisę dirbti mokytojais ypatumus. Be to, aptariamos kai kurios moksleivių ksenofobijos sąsajos su jų polinkiu į nelankstų, autoritarišką ir dogmatišką mąstymą.
Paauglių konfliktai: vertybinis aspektas ir raiškos tendencijos
Authors: Čiuladienė Gražina
Published: April 2019

Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas vienas ryškiausių paauglystės bruožų – konfliktiškumas. Sociologinėje ir edukacinėje literatūroje keliama mintis, kad esminė konfliktų priežastis - vertybės: neturėjimas galimybių praktiškai jų įkūnyti, prieštaringas požiūris į jas ir kt. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti, kokių vertybių frustracija dažniausiai tampa paauglių konfliktų su bendraklasiais, mokytojais ir tėvais kilimo priežastimi. Kartu nagrinėjama, kokios vyrauja paauglių vertybių konfliktų apraiškos: agresyvios, regresyvios ar egresyvios.
Acute Iron Dextran Injection Increases Liver Weight and Reduces Glycerol Kinase Expression in Liver
Authors: Panigoro Ramdan , Ahmad Fadhal M. , Gamayani Uni , Anggraeni Neni , Widyastuti Rini , Ghozali Mohammad , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A.A
Published: April 2019

Iron is essential and needed in a very small amount. When iron exceeds normal need, metabolic alteration occurs, causing hepatosteatosis. The mechanism of iron inducing hepatosteatosis remains unclear. Glycerol kinase, the enzyme responsible in triglyceride synthesis initiation, is assumed to have a role in the pathomechanism of hepatosteatosis. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression of glycerol kinase in an acute iron overload condition. This study was conducted in Animal Laboratory Faculty of Medicine and Central Laboratory Universitas Padjadjaran from May to June 2017. Three groups of mice were divided by the dose of iron dextran injection (0, 0.1, 0.3 mg/day/mice). After 19 days, mice were terminated, liver weight was measured and glycerol kinase gene expression in the liver was determined by semi-qualitative PCR. Quantification of PCR result was calculated by ImageJ software. There was a significant change in liver weight of the mice in a dose-dependent manner of iron injection. The expression of glycerol kinase tended to decrease, but statistically insignificant. Acute iron dextran injection increases liver weight and tends to reduce glycerol kinase gene expression in mice liver.Keywords: Glycerol kinase, hepatosteatosis, iron overload Efek Zat Besi Dosis Tinggi Akut dalam Meningkatkan Berat Organ dan Menurunkan Ekspresi Gliserol Kinase HeparAbstrakZat besi merupakan nutrien esensial dan diperlukan dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Ketika kadar zat besi melebihi kadar normal dalam tubuh, terjadi perubahan metabolisme yang menyebabkan hepatosteatosis. Mekanisme zat besi dalam menyebabkan hepatosteatosis masih belum diketahui secara pasti. Gliserol kinase, enzim yang menginisiasi sintesis trigliserida, diduga berperan dalam patomekanisme hepatosteatosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti ekspresi gen gliserol kinase pada hepar pada kondisi tinggi zat besi akut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran dan Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni 2017. Tiga kelompok mencit dibagi berdasarkan dosis injeksi iron dextran intraperitoneal (0, 0,1, 0,3 mg/hari/ekor). Setelah 19 hari, mencit diterminasi, berat hepar ditimbang dan ekspresi gen gliserol kinase diukur dengan metode semi-kualitatif PCR. Kuantifikasi hasil PCR dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ. Terdapat peningkatan berat hepar secara signifikan yang sejalan dengan dosis ijeksi zat besi. Ekspresi gen gliserol kinase cenderung menurun, meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Keadaan tinggi kadar zat besi yang akut meningkatkan berat hepar dan cenderung menurunkan ekspresi gen gliserol kinase pada hepar mencit.Kata kunci: Gliserol kinase, hepatosteatosis, zat besi berlebih
Effect of Vitamin D deficiency in lower extremity and pulmonary venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dehghani Khatereh , Nowrouzi Aygin , Hossein Pourdavood Amir , Rahmanian Zhila
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency increases inflammation and dysfunction of pancreas betacells, resulting in atherosclerotic disorders, cerebrovascular disorder, and CVDs.

Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, vitamin D was evaluated in the plasma of 42 patients with lower extremity DVT or PE, as well as 42 healthy controls. Using the chemiluminescence assay, the plasma vitamin D levels were determined. After collection, the blood samples were examined within 60 minutes. Vitamin D levels were classified as sufficient, insufficient, and deficient (> 30 ng/mL, 20- 29 ng/mL, and < 20 ng/mL, respectively).

Results: The prevalence of deficiency in vitamin D was higher in the cases than the controls. The two groups were significantly different regarding vitamin D levels (p = 0.024). Based on the vitamin D classification, deficiency was reported in 30 (71.4%) patients and 18 (42.9%) controls.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated that VTE patients had lower concentration of vitamin D, and the correlation between VTE and vitamin D deficiency was confirmed.
Creación de la Asociación Académica Colombiana de Acuicultura-ACCUA
Authors: Landines Parra Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2019

En el marco del Latin American & Caribean Aquaculture 18 (LAQUA18) y del VIII Congreso Colombiano de Acuicultura, realizados en Bogotá entre el 23 y el 26 de octubre de 2018, se reunieron representantes académicos y científicos del sector acuícola colombiano con el propósito de crear la Asociación Académica Colombiana de Acuicultura-ACCUA.
Condición corporal en caballos de rodeo chileno de elite: estudio preliminar
Authors: Muñoz L. , Ananías M. , Cruces J. , Ortiz R. , Briones M.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la condición corporal de caballos de rodeo chileno de elite en competencia. Se eligieron al azar 48 caballos raza chilena (15 hembras, 24 machos enteros y 9 machos castrados) participantes del 64º Campeonato Nacional de Rodeo Chileno. La condición corporal de cada caballo se evaluó por inspección visual y palpación según el sistema de Henneke. El rendimiento deportivo se registró como clasificados o no clasificados en la final del campeonato. Se construyeron tablas de frecuencia para la condición corporal por género y por rendimiento deportivo, se calcularon modas como descriptores de tendencia central y se comparó la condición corporal por género y rendimiento deportivo mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). La condición corporal presentó una moda de 7, con un rango de 5 a 8. El 87,5% de los caballos tenía condición corporal entre 6 y 7 y se detectó un 6,3% de individuos obesos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación al género ni rendimiento deportivo. Este es el primer estudio que reporta la condición corporal en caballos de rodeo chileno de élite y los resultados sugieren que los valores más frecuentes para esta variable en la raza están entre 6 a 7 puntos.
Comparación del tiempo de cicatrización entre N-butil cianoacrilato y ácido poliglicólico en caninos sometidos a esterilización
Authors: Pacheco-Ceballos M. , Torres-Velázquez M. A. , Oropeza-Martínez M. , Villegas-Velázquez I. , Ruiz-Ortega M.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el tiempo de cicatrización entre N-butil cianoacrilato (NBC) y ácido poliglicólico (AC) sobre el cierre tisular en caninos sometidos a operaciones de esterilización. Se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo y descriptivo sobre una población de 80 perros (Canis familiaris) vivos. Los animales se dividieron en cuatro grupos de 20 perros cada uno según sexo y material de sutura, así: primero grupo, hembras que recibieron NBC; segundo grupo, machos y NBC; tercero grupo, hembras y AC como medio de sutura en piel y cuarto grupo, machos y AC. La técnica quirúrgica en hembras fue oforosalpingohisterectomia y en machos orquiectomia. El tiempo de cierre fue estadísticamente (p < 0,05) menor en los grupos de machos y hembras con el adhesivo NBC comparado con los dos grupos tratados con AC. Se concluye que el NBC es un material seguro y eficaz como medio de fijación tisular en ambas técnicas quirúrgicas que disminuye los días de cierre y recuperación.
Diversidad y vulnerabilidad de la flora orquideológica de un bosque montano nuboso del Valle Central de Costa Rica
Authors: Cascante-Marín Alfredo , Trejos Hernández Christian
Published: April 2019

Los Cerros de La Carpintera son una formación montañosa en el Valle Central de Costa Rica que alberga remanentes de bosque nuboso en sus partes altas y están rodeados por áreas urbanas y agrícolas. Con el interés de promover su conservación, este trabajo documenta la diversidad de su flora orquideológica e identifica especies vulnerables a la extinción utilizando como criterio la distribución geográfica latitudinal y por elevación. El área de estudio comprendió 742 ha localizadas en las partes altas de los cerros (1600–1850 m) las cuales reciben la mayor influencia de la nubosidad. Se documentaron 136 especies en 52 géneros, aumentando en 74%  la diversidad de orquídeas con respecto al listado más reciente para la zona. Los géneros Epidendrum (22 spp.) y Stelis (14 spp.) fueron los más diversos, pero la mayoría de ellos (62%) estuvieron representados por una sola especie. El hábito epífito fue dominante (91%). Se identificaron 30 especies como vulnerables a extinción debido a su distribución restringida, ya sean endémicas nacionales o de bosques montanos altos (sobre 1500 m). Sumando las especies amenazadas por extracción ilegal y aquellas especies raras no recolectadas en los últimos 80 años la cantidad de especies vulnerables aumenta a 40 especies (29% del total). Los Cerros de La Carpintera son un reservorio importante para la conservación in-situ de orquídeas a nivel nacional. Utilizando las orquídeas como modelo, estudios demográficos y reproductivos a mediano plazo podrían brindar indicios del efecto del cambio climático sobre las plantas epífitas de los bosques montanos nubosos.

Palabras clave: Cerros de La Carpintera, conservación, distribución geográfica, endemismo, epífitas, Orchidaceae
Hubungan Orientasi Karier dengan Optimisme pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Keagamaan UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Authors: Augustiya Tasya , Nurislamiaty Qori , Al-fatoni Muhammad Dasrais , Rachma Lea Nurbayu
Published: April 2019

The community's stigma regarding the low employment prospects of religious majors did not lower their optimism. They still feel optimistic because they already had an overview of their careers (career orientation). The study aims to examine the relationship between career orientation and optimism in students majoring in religion and how much the relationship between the two. This study used 2 instruments, namely the LOT-R scale to measure optimism and Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) to measure career orientation. Both of these scales are scales that have been adapted in Indonesia by previous researchers and have been modified by the researchers. The sample in this study was 98 students majoring in religion, which was collected by purposive sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between career orientation and optimism.
Divine Forgiveness and Human Support for State-Sanctioned Punishment
Authors: O'Lone Katherine M. , McKay Ryan T.
Published: April 2019

Laurin et al. 2012b found that beliefs in powerful Gods (both in general and when made salient) reduce people's endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment. Here we investigate whether the specific manner in which a powerful God responds to moral infractions (via forgiveness or punishment) influences people's endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment. Across four studies, we explored whether endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment is increased a) when participants are primed with the notion of a forgiving (cf. punitive) God (Studies 1 & 2) and b) when beliefs in a forgiving God are made salient (Studies 3a & 3b). A forgiving God might lead people to view punishment as their responsibility rather than one to be outsourced to God. Our results revealed no evidence for effects of forgiving God primes or salient forgiving God beliefs on endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment. However we did find that both forgiving and punishing God beliefs, when salient, were significant predictors of endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment in response to a victim-directed transgression. We discuss the implications of these findings for extant theories of religious prosociality. In particular, we suggest that existing accounts of human prosociality and cooperation have underestimated the role of divine forgiveness in favour of a focus on divine punishment.
Response to Konrad Talmont-Kaminski’s Review
Authors: Halemba Agnieszka
Published: April 2019

Discussion
On the problems of separate collection and disposal of MSW
Authors: Rykov Stanislav , Mamin Dinya , Rykov Rostislav
Published: April 2019

World consumption of natural resources is already commensurate with mineral reserves: created by nature over geological epochs, has been consumed by man for several decades. In the home and in the production process, waste and garbage are generated. Separate collection of garbage, especially solid household waste (MSW) is needed, but what is the criterion of «separateness»? In residential buildings, waste and garbage (MSW) are extremely diverse. And even with the most careful sorting, for processing (recycling) it is required to apply special, most often special technologies designed to neutralize hazardous substances and to prevent environmental pollution. The basic point is the industrial technology of sorting MSW. There is information about the appearance of a new generation of bar code (radio frequency, RFID chip tag), which is readable without contact, at a distance of up to 2 meters. This cardinally removes the problem of identifying and sorting 100 % (ideally!) Of waste from their industrial processing. A genuine disaster for the environment (environmental ecology) has become plastic packaging, primarily PET bottles. With the simplest and most economically efficient burning, it emits a large amount of harmful substances into the atmosphere and forms toxic (for the soil) ash. Gas emissions can be cleaned, but this is additional equipment, material and energy costs. And most importantly, toxic sludge is formed, for which special landfills are needed. We get the result: the amount of waste decreases quite significantly (especially in terms of volume!), But this is not crucial anyway, they are and only the timeframe for filling the waste landfill (already special!) is increasing. We show the role and value of a new generation of barcode: radio frequency chips (RFID chip).
Micro-scale investigation of unsaturated sand in mini-triaxial shearing using X-ray CT
Authors: Wang J.-P. , Andò E. , Charrier P. , Salager S. , Lambert P. , François B.
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the micro characteristics of unsaturated sand in triaxial shearing by using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). To obtain higher resolution, a mini-triaxial set-up is designed in which the sample is miniaturised to 1 cm in diameter and 2 cm long, allowing scans with a pixel size of 9 μm. Samples are sheared in the mini-triaxial set-up at different constant suction levels (therefore, different degree of saturation). In the meanwhile, the samples are scanned by X-ray CT at various deformation stages, about 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15% axial strain. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed image is trinarised based on a region growing technique, which gives access to the microstructure of the solid, liquid and air phases. Then, the 3D image is subdivided into representative volume elements, with length ≈3·8D50, which gives local information of degree of saturation and porosity. It is observed that the sample dilates and water drains out during triaxial test under constant suction condition. The local study shows that the porosity increase and water desaturation are more significant in the middle part of the sample, especially for a higher suction value. This work allows the emphasis of the coupling between dilatancy on shearing (highlighted by the evolution of local porosity) and the evolution of the local degree of saturation in unsaturated granular materials.
Particle–scale interactions and energy dissipation mechanisms in sand–rubber mixtures
Authors: Fonseca J. , Riaz A. , Bernal-Sanchez J. , Barreto D. , McDougall J. , Miranda-Manzanares M. , Marinelli A. , Dimitriadi V.
Published: April 2019

Sand−rubber mixture (SRm) behaviour is affected by rubber content (RC) while dissipation in sands is caused by inter-particle sliding. Dissipation in SRm is as, or more significant than in sands. However, the mechanisms of dissipation in SRm are not well understood. In this study, one-dimensional compression tests on sand samples with RC of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 100% by mass were performed on a standard oedometer. In addition, a SRm with RC of 30% was tested on a mini-oedometer placed inside an X-ray scanner and three-dimensional images of the internal structure of the material were acquired at three stages during loading and unloading. Image analysis was used to infer particle-scale measurements and provide experimental evidence to help explaining the energy dissipation mechanisms for SRm. It is postulated here that energy dissipation in these mixtures is dominated by inter-particle sliding at initial stages of loading, but once rubber particles fill the void spaces between the sand, deformation and dissipation mechanisms are dominated by the deformation of the rubber particles.
Etkinlik ve Etkinliği Belirleyen Faktörler: Havayolu Şirketleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme
Authors: KİRACI Kasım , ASKER Veysi
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, havayolu şirketlerinin etkinliklerinin yıllara göre
değişimini incelemek ve bu etkinliği belirleyen faktörleri ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Bu kapsamda dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren ve verileri
2010-2016 dönemi için süreklilik arz eden 45 havayolu işletmesi ampirik
olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada havayolu şirketlerinin etkinliklerinin yıllara
göre değişimi, veri zarflama analizi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Etkinliği
belirleyen faktörler ise Tobit regresyon yöntemi aracılığıyla incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın bulguları, analize dâhil edilen on dört havayolu şirketinin ilgili
dönemde etkin çıktığını ve diğer havayolu şirketlerine göre daha iyi performansa
sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. On havayolu firması ise ilgili dönemlerin
tümünde etkin çıkmamıştır. Tobit analiz sonuçları, taşınan toplam yolcu sayısı,
doluluk oranı ve Toplam gelir değişkenlerinde meydana gelen pozitif yönlü
artışın etkinlik düzeyini arttırdığını göstermektedir.
Havayolu İşletmelerinde E-hizmet Kalitesi Boyutlarının Önem Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAKIR Mahmut , ATALIK Özlem
Published: April 2019

Bilgi
teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler neticesinde ürünlerin dağıtımı internet
üzerinden sağlanmaya başlanmış ve havayolu taşımacılığı sektörü de bu gelişmeden
fazlasıyla etkilenmiştir. Bu kapsamda seyahat acentalarının sunduğu hizmetlerin
payı giderek düşerken, internet kanalı başta düşük maliyetli taşıyıcılar olmak
üzere havayolu işletmeleri tarafından yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaya
başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada havayolu işletmelerinde sunulan e-hizmetlerde
kaliteyi etkileyen unsurların önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Değerlendirme aşamasında AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi) yönteminin
kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, e-hizmet kalitesi 3 ana kriter ve 13 alt kriterden
oluşan hiyerarşik yapıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucundan hizmet kalitesi en
önemli ana kriter olarak belirlenirken güvenilirlik ve anlaşılabilirlik
unsurlarının en önemli alt kriterler olduğu görülmüştür. Önem düzeyi en düşük
kriter ise kişiselleştirme olarak belirlenmiştir.
Role of Hyaluronic acid in evaluating tensile strengths of commonly used non absorbable suture materials v1
Authors: Varma Sudhir , Abufanas [Ajman University} Salim , Jaber Mohamed , Desai Vijay
Published: April 2019

Abstract Objective: In Periodontics and other surgical disciplines, sutures play a detrimental role in healing of wound. The use of chemical adjuncts to boost healing has been experimented in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of hyaluronic acid rinse in influencing the tensile strengths of commonly used sutures. Materials and Methods: Two commonly used non-absorbable suture materials silk and polyamide were used for this in vitro study. Tensile strengths of the suture materials were determined pre and post immersion in hyaluronic acid (test) and chlorhexidine (control). Results: Polyamide showed better stability in terms of tensile strength when compared to silk. Hyaluronic acid as a chemical adjunct did not alter the tensile strengths of both suture materials pre and post immersion. Conclusion: This in vitro study has shown a promising property of hyaluronic acid with relation to stabilization of tensile strength of suture materials which needs to be evaluated in clinical settings.
Evaluating Saudi EFL Secondary Schools Students' Performance on Paul Nation's Standardized Vocabulary Level Tests
Authors: Mohammed Ali Albashir , Alwadai Mesfer Ahmed Msefer
Published: April 2019

The current study aims to evaluate Saudi EFL Secondary School students' performance on Paul Nation's Standardized vocabulary level tests .It also aims to examine the vocabulary size of EFL Saudi Secondary School students at Asir district. Two tools were used for collecting data. The first one was Paul Nation's Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT). The second tool was a questionnaire (TVLSQ) with 13 items .The purposive sample consisted of (80) students besides (20) English teachers. The study sample was selected from Abha secondary schools schools/Saudi Arabia. The study came out with the following results: Saudi EFL Secondary school students' vocabulary size word test falls within 1,000 frequency level, indicating that students are unable to gasp an average text. Saudi EFL Secondary School student who obtained higher marks in 1,000 word level also obtained higher marks in 2,000 –word level and vice versa. These results confirmed the high correlation between the two tests which hits 0.76.Moreover,in Paul Nation's Vocabulary Levels Test( VLT) the more words Saudi EFL Secondary school student knows, the better score his/her four skills. To most secondary school teachers as well as students, English grammar is the main focus on their teaching and learning, not the vocabulary.
Fotovoltaik Sistemlerde Topluluk Öğrenmesi Temelli Hata Tespiti
Authors: KAPUCU Ceyhun , ÇUBUKÇU Mete
Published: April 2019

Fotovoltaik (FV) sistemler için doğru bir hata tespit yeteneği, işletme maliyetlerini ve bir arıza nedeniyle oluşabilecek devre dışı kalma sürelerini azaltarak FV sistemin verimliliğini artırabilir. Bu çalışmada, FV sistemler için bir hata tespit yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, topluluk öğrenmesi temelli bir modelin FV sistemlerdeki hataları sınıflandırmak amacıyla kullanılmasına dayanmaktadır. Topluluk öğrenmesi yöntemi, tek bir öğrenme algoritmasının genelleme yeteneğinin ve sağlamlığının üstüne çıkabilmek için farklı algoritmaların tahminlerini birleştirir. Bu çalışmada, sınıflandırma problemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı öğrenme algoritmalarından bir topluluk öğrenmesi modeli oluşturulmuştur. Topluluk modeli, daha sonra parametre optimizasyonu uygulanarak geliştirilmiştir. Öğrenme algoritmalarının her biri ve bunları birleştiren topluluk modeli tahmin doğrulukları açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntem, Scikit-learn makine öğrenme kütüphanesi ile Python kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntemin deneysel geçerliliği Muğla'da (Türkiye) kurulu bir konut tipi FV sistemden elektriksel ve meteorolojik ölçüm verileri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, optimize edilmiş bir topluluk öğrenmesi modeliyle, önerilen yöntemin yalnızca sınıflandırma doğruluğunu geliştirmediğini, aynı zamanda fotovoltaik sistem hata tespiti için güçlü bir genelleme yeteneğine de sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Conocimiento y competitividad. Una visión desde la política pública
Authors: Miró Pérez Albert Pol
Published: April 2019

En el análisis de las aproximaciones conceptuales al conocimiento se observa cómo éste modifica radicalmente la estructura económica (micro y macro) de las economías nacionales, territoriales y locales. Es por ello que se debe considerar como existe un vínculo entre conocimiento, competitividad y política pública. Así mismo, la competitividad se convierte en un nexo de unión entre el conocimiento y la política pública porque es un resultado económico fundamental en el sentido de que representa al conjunto de factores, instituciones y políticas que explican la productividad.
Hypoalbuminemia in critically sick children
Authors: Golhar Sandeep T. , Agrawal Hina , Chauhan Urmila M. , Madhura Abhishek
Published: April 2019

Background: Hypoalbuminemia at admission is a common finding in patients admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and may predict morbidity and mortality.Methods: Patients of age more than 1 year and less than 12 years diagnosed with hypoalbuminemia on the grounds of the inclusion criteria who were admitted in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) were enrolled in the study as ‘cases’ and patients with normal levels of serum albumin and otherwise similar characteristics to cases were included in the study as ‘controls’. Detailed clinical examination and required investigations were done. Above collected information was utilized to select two groups for the study i.e., those with hypoalbuminemia and others with no hypoalbuminemia. Both these groups were further followed up till discharge or death and the outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality was noted.Results: Incidences of MODS and degree of severity of illness as judged by PRISM III score in cases and control showed that, a lower serum albumin concentration correlated well with higher rates of complications such as ventilator dependence and development of new infections leading longer stay in the critical care unit. The mean length of PICU stay in cases group was statistically longer than in the control group. Although we did not observe a difference in fatal outcome in patients managed with either Human Albumin or Fresh Frozen Plasma compared to those managed conservatively in this study, we did observe a decreased mean length of PICU stay and rate of complications in the patients treated with either Human Albumin or Fresh Frozen Plasma, thus achieving a faster rate of recovery with lesser rate of complications and thus alleviating the morbidity, though still not being able to affect the overall mortality.Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia at admission was a predictive factor of poor outcome in critically ill children. It is associated with a higher mortality, a longer length of stay in the PICU, as well as longer ventilator use.
Study of eosinophil count in nasal smear and peripheral blood smear in children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Rudrappa Sudha , Kumar Rajendra , Kumar Vinay
Published: April 2019

Background: Allergic respiratory disorders are the common cases seen in Pediatrics OPD. With an appropriate history and detailed examination, the diagnosis usually may not be problematic and routine investigations may not contribute much for the final diagnosis but may help in ruling other possibilities. The objectives of this study were done to know the eosinophil counts in nasal and blood smear and to assess the feasibility of nasal cytogram which is simple, economical and reliable investigation in patients of allergic respiratory disorders.Methods: A prospective clinical correlation study conducted in outpatient visiting Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Cheluvamba hospital Department of Pediatrics and ENT Department KR hospital. 60 children of age group between 2 to 18 years were selected to estimate the eosinophil count in nasal and peripheral smear in allergic rhinitis. All allergic rhinitis cases based on clinical signs and symptoms were selected and investigated for nasal and blood eosinophilia. The nasal and blood eosinophilia were compared with each other and the clinical findings of allergic rhinitis were studied.Results: In this study peak age incidence is between 6-10 years and there is equal gender distribution. Seasonal variation and pollen allergens were the most common risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Running nose and the nasal obstruction were the most common symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis followed by sneezing and itching. One tenth of the children with allergic rhinitis had bronchial asthma. Nasal eosinophilia contributes to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis as compared blood eosinophilia. Mild intermittent variety of allergic rhinitis was the most common form of allergic rhinitis.Conclusions: Among various risk factors for allergic rhinitis, seasonal variation and pollen allergens have significant association with the severity of allergic rhinitis. Among various symptomology, only itching had a significant relation to the severity of allergic rhinitis.
Prediction of the risk of mortality in paediatric intensive care unit using PRISM III score
Authors: Shah Aashay Abhay , Goyal Dileep , Sareen Devendra
Published: April 2019

Background: is the Pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score which has been devised by Pollock et al, to predict the mortality in hospitalized children. PRISM score is a revised form of physiologic stability index of mortality score.Methods: A observational prospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, Udaipur Rajasthan over period of March 2017 to September 2018. Total 207 patient were enrolled in study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Total 29.92% had PRISM III score of 0 to 5, 25.45% had score of 6-10, 16.53% had score of 11-15, 13.12% had score of 16-20, 7.61% between 21 to 25, 4.72% between 26-30 and 2.62% had score of greater than 30. There was no mortality when the PRISM score of the child was between 0 to 5. The percentage of deaths increased progressively with increasing PRISM score.Conclusions: There was no significance difference in predicted from PRISM score and the actual death. The expected mortality was comparable to actual death, except in children who required mechanical ventilation and vasopressor drugs.
Thyroid function studies in children of nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Dhanjal Gurdeep Singh , Garg Mani
Published: April 2019

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition which is characterized by proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and significant edema. In children with nephrotic syndrome, it is probable to determine a hypothyroid state because of significant loss of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) in presence of proteinuria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of serum free T3, free T4, and TSH in children with nephrotic syndrome and its correlation with healthy controls.Methods: A comparative study was carried out on total of 60 children (divided into two equal groups of 30 cases and 30 controls) in the age group of 1-18 years of either sex admitted to Department of Paediatrics. Maharishi Markandeshwar institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Mullana, Ambala, Haryana over a from January 2017 to September 2018. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were done in all 60 children and compared.Results: Among cases 18 (60%) were males and 12 (40%) were females. 63.4% of the cases were in the age group 1-10 years and 36.6% were in age group 11-18 years. Studied patients showed lowered FT3 and FT4 and raised TSH in comparison with normal values.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism should be actively sought for in children with nephrotic syndrome as it is a treatable complication.
A study on the outbreak of dengue fever in a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Premkumar Belgin , S. Baburaj , N. Margaret Hepzibah , P. Misha K. , Abraham Binu
Published: April 2019

Background: Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world.Incidence has increased 230-fold with increasing geographic expansion with potential for further spread. The rapidly expanding global footprint of dengue is a public health challenge with an economic burden. This study’s objective is to assess the outbreak of epidemic of dengue fever in a tertiary care children hospital and to describe their socio-demographic, clinical outcome and serological profile.Methods: It is an observational descriptive study conducted for a period of 1 year in less than 12 years old children in a tertiary care hospital at Southern Tamil Nadu.Results: Among the 360 children admitted with dengue fever, there were 198 boys (55%) and 162 (45%) were girls. Maximum incidence of dengue incidence was seen in infants less than 1 year (25%). The highest number of cases were admitted during September and October. The most common affected age group was less than 3 years with 179 (49%). Among the cases, 297 (82%) were of severe dengue which constitute dengue haemorrhagic fever-183(38%) and Dengue shock syndrome 114 (62%). Serological analysis showed NS1 Ag was positive in 144 children (40%), Dengue IgM was positive in 54 children (15%), both IgM and IgG positive in 126 children (35%) and IgG was positive in 36 children (10%). Out of the total children admitted with dengue fever, the case fatality was 0.5% (2 children).Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of WHO clinical criteria for early diagnosis of severe dengue. Moreover, the early and intensive management reduces the mortality significantly.
Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test and its effectiveness as compared to the other conventional diagnostic methods
Authors: Champatiray Jyotiranjan , Patra G. Dharmaraj
Published: April 2019

Background: Childhood TB constitutes 10-20% of all TB cases in high burden countries like India and accounting for 8-20% of TB related deaths. Diagnosis of TB in children is difficult. One test, CBNAAT which was recently endorsed by WHO has the potential to lead a revolution in diagnosis of active TB disease.Methods: A cross sectional study in SCB MCH and SVPPGIP, Cuttack in all the suspected TB patients admitted during the period from January 2016 to October 2017.Results: A total of 100 suspicious patients admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in SCB MCH and SVPPGIP during the study period. Of these 45 were diagnosed TB and rest others were diagnosed otherwise than TB. Diagnosis of TB was established on basis of Microscopy, CBNAAT, culture, biochemistry, cytology, clinical findings, neuroimaging, FNAC/biopsy, USG abdomen. Out of 45 TB patients 30 were CBNAAT positive taking the body fluid samples other than blood, urine and stool with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 100%. Out of 45 TB patients 14 were having ZN Smear positive taking the same fluid sample with a sensitivity of 31.1% and specificity of 100%. Whereas out of these 45 TB patients 32 were MGIT culture positive taking the same sample with a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 100%. When diagnostic performances of CBNAAT and MGIT culture were compared, it was found to be statistically insignificant with a P value 0.54.Conclusions: The CBNAAT is able to confirm a diagnosis of TB with 66.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity within 2 hours. We can use CBNAAT as a diagnostic method as it provides rapid result and simultaneous better sensitive result, it can be helpful in starting ATT in sick patients and also in outdoor patients.
Impact of maternal anaemia on cord blood haemoglobin
Authors: Ramadoss Dhanasekaran , Arumugam Sumitha , . Suguna
Published: April 2019

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. Cord blood hemoglobin of the newborn is an important indicator of anaemia in newborn at birth. So, this study is done to assess the impact of maternal anaemia on cord blood hemoglobin levels of neonates.Methods: It is a cross sectional study done at government Kilpauk medical college and hospital in the department of paediatrics in year 2016.400 pregnant mothers attending the labour room in Kilpauk medical college were included and cord blood haemoglobin of their babies were collected. Mean cord blood haemoglobin of new-borns born to anaemic mothers (mild, moderate and severe) were compared with cord blood haemoglobin of new-borns born to non-anaemic mothers.Results: Out of 400 mothers,192 mothers were anemic, and 208 mothers were non anemic. The mean maternal hemoglobin among non-anemic mothers was 16.37±0.85 and among the anemic mothers it was 15.03±1.04. The mean cord hemoglobin of neonates born to anemic mothers among the three groups (mild moderate severe) were compared with mean cord hemoglobin of the non-anemic group. The difference between groups were statistically significant with P values <0.05,0.01 and 0.05 respectively.Conclusions: In present study maternal anaemia affects the cord blood haemoglobin of neonates. Present study infers that anaemic mothers deliver babies with lower haemoglobin compared to non-anaemic mothers. Authors have found a linear relationship between maternal haemoglobin and cord blood haemoglobin of the new-borns.