bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joseph Halévy, Racial Scholarship and the “Sumerian Problem”
Authors: Anor Netanel
Published: May 2019

This article deals with the different racial approaches that influenced the academic debate known as “The Sumerian problem”. The so-called “problem” under discussion was the racial affiliation of the inventors of the first writing system, the cuneiform script. The notion of ‘race’, which tied religion, language and culture into one essence, played a key role here. Some scholars were eager to prove the “non-Semitic character” of such a major invention. Others were convinced that only “Semites” inhabited ancient Babylonia and thus were the only possible inventors of writing. The focus of this paper is Joseph Halévy, who was the determined leader of the “anti-Sumerist” camp. This article will show that Halévy shared many essentialist views with his anti-Semitic protagonists. He did this by applying a ‘pro-Semitic’ approach to the ‘Sumerian-problem’.
Transcultural Philology in 19th-century Japan: The Case of Shigeno Yasutsugu (1827-1910)
Authors: Facius Michael
Published: May 2019

The article explores the role of transcultural encounters for the development of the thought and philology of Shigeno Yasutsugu, an eminent Japanese scholar of history and Chinese learning in 19th-century Japan. It argues that a close look at the impact of Shigeno’s encounters with Western diplomats, Chinese scholar-officials and a German historian illuminates the richness in the biography of a scholar whom the literature has valued predominantly for his role in the introduction of “modern” Western historiography. Through an analysis of the multilayered foundations of his scholarly practice, the article aims to demonstrate the use of a transcultural paradigm in engaging the complexity of the history of knowledge in a period of Western imperialism.
Historical Technological Impacts on the Visual Representation of Language with Reference to South-Asian Typeforms
Authors: Ross Fiona
Published: May 2019

The scripts of South Asia, which mainly derive from the Brahmi script, afford a visible voice to the numerous linguistic communities that form over one fifth of the world’s population. However, the transition of these visually diverse scripts from chirographic to typographic form has been determined by historical processes that were rarely conducive to accurately rendering non-Latin scripts.

This essay provides a critical evaluation of the historical technological impacts on typographic textual composition in South-Asian languages. It draws on resources from relevant archival collections to consider within a historical context the technological constraints that have been crucial in determining the textural appearance of South-Asian typography. In so doing, it seeks to elucidate design decisions that either purposely or unwittingly shaped subsequent and current typographic practice and questions the validity of the continued legacy of historical technological impacts for contemporary vernacular communication.
Cultural Adaptation of Taiwanese Female Marriage Migrants in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiang Lan-Hung Nora , Huang Chia-Yuan
Published: May 2019

This study proposes to explore trans-border marriage migrants from Taiwan to Hong Kong, which are historically and politically separate entities despite similarities in Chinese culture. An understanding of marriage patterns was obtained from 38 in-depth interviews of Taiwanese women married to Hong Kong men. Patrilocal residence and acceptance of the patriarchal customs was the norm for the early female Taiwanese migrants. While encountering various difficulties in adapting to a different kind of Chinese culture, the early arrivals have successfully made Hong Kong their homes. Through joining various Taiwanese organizations, they have developed female friendship networks over the years. While developing careers, their socio-economic contributions to the Hong Kong society goes beyond the families into which they have married. Despite successful efforts in planting new roots by becoming Hong Kongers over the last few decades, some of the immigrants mentioned returning (luò yè guī gēn 落葉歸根) to Taiwan. Personal connections maintained with their homeland through frequent visits have enabled them to be aware of the latest developments, while trans-border linkages with their parents and siblings in Taiwan have strongly affected their desire to return. A more hospitable environment combined with a better quality of life compared to that of Hong Kong are the main considerations for their intention to leave their host community.
Settling across the Strait of Taiwan under Japanese Colonialism (1895–1945): the Migrant Identity
Authors: Douw Leo
Published: May 2019

From their beginning in the seventeenth century, the migrations across the Strait of Taiwan took place between societies of the same ethnicity. This did not change by the cession of Taiwan to the Japanese Empire in 1895, but despite this, distinct migrant identities then emerged on both sides of the Strait. The new migrant regime in mainland China by Japan’s domineering position purposely privileged the Taiwanese who went there, and facilitated the activity of Taiwanese criminal gangs; this got them a bad name at the time, which persists in the existing, nationalist historiography. In Taiwan the new regime was exploitative and set the migrant workers from mainland China apart as foreigners; in doing so it created another migrant identity that is problematic for historians. This article contests this nationalist historiography, and shows, that for migrants to achieve a distinct identity, they need not be ethnically different from their host society.
What’s Wrong with Institutions? A Short History of the Clash between IRAs and Turkish Populists
Authors: Balıkçı Emre
Published: May 2019

The aim of this article is to reveal the institutional dimensions of populism, which tend to be ignored because of the hegemony of economic analysis of the subject. Whereas many researchers assume that populism is a result of the negative economic effects of neoliberal policies on the middle class, I argue that populism is also a corollary of neoliberal institutions’ effect on the political power of so-called ordinary people. To illustrate this, I focus on the rhetoric of Turkish populists concerning two important economic institutions in Turkey: the Public Procurement Authority and the Central Bank. This examination shows that Turkish populists view the independent institutions of neoliberalism as a barrier against the people’s political will and define themselves as fighters for democracy.
Rhomboda monensis (Orchidaceae), a new species of terrestrial orchid from India
Authors: ODYUO NRIPEMO , ROY DILIP KUMAR , BHATTACHARJEE AVISHEK , ORMEROD PAUL
Published: May 2019

The genus Rhomboda Lindley (1857: 181), belonging to the family Orchidaceae (Orchidoideae: Cranichideae: Goodyerinae), was first described by John Lindley with a single species, viz. R. longifolia Lindley (1857: 181). Bentham (1881: 346) reduced Rhomboda to Hetaeria Blume (1825: 409), but Hooker (1890: 109) transferred it to Zeuxine Lindley (1826: 9). Tang & Wang (1951: 34) included R. longifolia in Odontochilus Blume (1858: 66), overlooking the priority of Rhomboda over Odontochilus. Finally, Ormerod (1995) reinstated Rhomboda and reviewed its generic affinities, circumscription and clarified some of the confusions about the genus. Rhomboda is characterised by a labellum with large, saccate hypochile having two glands within (one at either side), medially with a bicarinate, semidiscoid keel, hypochile outside with a narrow flange each side, the column with two large medial wings, and a short rostellum.
Diopatra tuberculantennata, a new species of Onuphidae (Polychaeta) from Belize with a key to onuphids from the Caribbean Sea
Authors: BUDAEVA NATALIYA , FAUCHALD KRISTIAN
Published: May 2019

A new species of the genus Diopatra Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833 from the intertidal zone in the vicinity of the Smithsonian field station (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize) is described. Diopatra tuberculantennata sp. nov. is identifiable by a combination of characters such as the presence of large lateral projections on both palpophores and antennophores, bidentate pseudocompound hooks with moderately long pointed hoods in the first five chaetigers, eyespots on the prostomium, nuchal organs forming almost a circle and very large sensory papillae on antennostyles and frontal and upper lips. Five 28-chaetiger juveniles were found inside the parental tube of one specimen. A pattern of anterior segment regeneration is described based on 12 specimens. A key for 20 species of onuphids known from the Caribbean Sea with the notes on their distribution is provided.
Revision of the sap beetle genus Pocadius Erichson, 1843 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae)
Authors: CLINE ANDREW R.
Published: May 2019

A total of 47 species are included in a revisionary treatment of Pocadius Erichson. Twenty-one species are redescribed, P. yunnanensis Grouvelle is resurrected, and 25 are described as new, including: P. antennuliferus (Brazil), P. ashei (Bolivia), P. barclayi (Sulawesi), P. bicolor (Brazil), P. carltoni (Nicaragua), P. centralis (Central America), P. cochabambus (Bolivia), P. coxus (Brazil), P. crypsis (Guyana), P. dominicus (Dominican Republic), P. endroedyi (southern Africa), P. falini (Paraguay), P. fasciatus (Borneo), P. femoralis (Vietnam), P. fusiformis (Sulawesi), P. globularis (Honduras), P. insularis (Trinidad), P. kirejtshuki (Australia), P. luisalfredoi (Mexico), P. nigerrimus (Paraguay), P. okinawaensis (Okinawa), P. pecki (Venezuela), P. peruensis (Peru), P. tepicensis (Mexico), P. wappesi (Bolivia). An adult and larval description for the genus also is provided and its phylogenetic position within Nitidulinae discussed. A key to all species is included, as well as a checklist of species and their distributions.
Records of the crangonid shrimp genus Pontocaris Bate, 1888 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Chinese waters, with notes on biology of P. pennata Bate, 1888
Authors: HAN QINGXI , LI XINZHENG
Published: May 2019

Based on the material collected mainly by the National Comprehensive Oceanography Survey (1959) and the ChinaVietnam Comprehensive Oceanographic Survey to Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) (1959–1960, 1962) from coastal waters of the mainland of China, four Pontocaris species, P. hilarula (De Man, 1918), P. major Chan, 1996, P. pennata Bate, 1888 and P. sibogae (De Man, 1918), are reported in the present paper, of which the former two are reported for the first time from Chinese waters. The seasonal changes of the population of the most common species, P. pennata, are discussed.
Three new species of the genus Euscelophilus Voss (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) from China
Authors: XIE MENG , LIANG XINGCAI
Published: May 2019

Euscelophilus Voss currently contains 14 recognisable species, all occurring in China but two also in Korea and one each also in Myanmar and Cambodia. In this paper, three additional species from China (E. longispinus, E. gaoligongensis and E. caperratus) are described as new to science, and the male genitalia of two described species (E. gibbicollis and E. denticulatus) are illustrated for the first time. Euscelophilidius Legalov, 2003, Cupreuscelophilus Legalov, 2005 and Euscelophiloides Legalov, 2007 are newly synonymised with Euscelophilus Voss, Euscelophilus mayongi (Legalov & Liu, 2005) comb. n. is consequently transferred from Cupreuscelophilus to Euscelophilus and E. jingpingensis Liang, 1994 stat. rev. and E. yongshanensis Liang, 1994 stat. rev. are reinstated as valid species from synonymy with E. chinensis (Schilsky) and E. camelus Voss, respectively.
A primitive istiodactylid pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea) from the Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous), northeast China
Authors: WANG XIAOLIN , DE ALMEIDA CAMPOS DIOGENES , ZHOU ZHONGHE , KELLNER ALEXANDER W. A.
Published: May 2019

A new pterosaur, Hongshanopterus lacustris gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation, western Liaoning, China is described. The specimen (IVPP V14582) consists of a skull preserved in palatal view and some isolated cervical vertebrae. Based on the labiolingually compressed teeth with a triangular crown Hongshanopterus lacustris is referred to the Istiodactylidae. It presents several plesiomorphic features such as the teeth not confined to the anterior third of the skull but extended more posteriorly, and is thus considered the most primitive member of this group. This new species also differs from other istiodactylids by having more teeth, some showing the crown distinctively directed posteriorly. Three other members of the Istiodactylidae are currently represented in the Jiufotang deposits: Nurhachius ignaciobritoi, Istiodactylus sinensis and Longchengpterus zhaoi. To those we add Liaoxipterus brachyognathus, previously classified in the Ctenochasmatidae but that also has triangular labiolingually compressed teeth, and is a potential senior synonym of Lonchengpterus zhaoi. The palatal anatomy of Hongshanopterus lacustris also agrees with previous hypothesis that considers Istiodactylidae more closely related to the Anhangueridae than to Pteranodon (or Pteranodontidae).
Galeus priapus sp. nov., a new species of sawtail catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from New Caledonia
Authors: SÉRET BERNARD , LAST PETER R.
Published: May 2019

Galeus priapus sp. nov. is described from specimens collected on the slopes of the seamounts and ridges of southern New Caledonia and Vanuatu. It is the first Galeus species recorded in these areas. G. priapus is characterised by the presence of a conspicuous crest of enlarged denticles on the dorsal caudal margin, the absence of similar crest on ventral caudal margin, and extremely long and slender claspers in adult males that extend posteriorly to the anal-fin origin. The body coloration, which is plain greyish brown with large dark blotches on dorsal and caudal fins and their bases, closely resembles its sibling G. gracilis, a northern Australian and Indonesian species. An identification key to Indo-Pacific Galeus species is provided.
Effects of Smoking Cessation with Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Vascular Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Inflammation Response in Healthy Smokers
Authors: Xue Chao , Chen Qi Zhi , Bian Ling , Yin Zhao Fang , Xu Zuo Jun , Zhang A Lian , Xie Yu Shui , Zhang Hui Li , Du Run , Wang Chang Qian
Published: May 2019

The effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)-aided smoking cessation on vascular function are not fully clarified. We investigated 100 healthy smokers who were motivated to quit and received NRT for a 3-month period. Vascular endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry [RH-PAT]), arterial stiffness (measured by augmentation index [AI] and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]), and systemic inflammation markers (including serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) were assessed at baseline and 3 and 12 months of follow-up. After 3 months of intervention, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and inflammatory markers significantly improved (RH-PAT increased, AI and baPWV decreased, sICAM-1 and IL-1β decreased, all P < .05) for the participants who abstained from smoking completely, but for those who did not abstained completely, RH-PAT, AI, baPWV, and IL-1β remained unchanged. At 12 months follow-up, endothelial function (RH-PAT), arterial stiffness (AI and baPWV), and inflammatory markers (sICAM-1 and IL-1β) were further improved in participants who abstained from smoking ( P < .001), while the above parameters deteriorated in continued smokers ( P < .05). In conclusion, vascular dysfunction can be reversible after NRT-aided smoking cessation in healthy smokers and vascular function could be further damaged if they continue smoking.
Implementation, Evolution and Impact of ICU Telepharmacy Services Across a Health care System
Authors: Kosmisky Desiree E. , Everhart Sonia S. , Griffiths Carrie L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: A review of the implementation and development of telepharmacy services that ensure access to a critical care-trained pharmacist across a healthcare system. Summary: Teleintensive care unit (tele-ICU) services use audio, video, and electronic databases to assist bedside caregivers. Telepharmacy, as defined by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, is a method in which a pharmacist uses telecommunication technology to oversee aspects of pharmacy operations or provide patient care services. Telepharmacists can ensure accurate and timely order verification, recommend interventions to improve patient care, provide drug information to clinicians, assist in standardization of care, and promote medication safety. This tele-ICU pharmacy team is one of the only entirely clinical-based tele-ICU pharmacy models among the tele-ICU programs across the United States. The use of technology for customized alert generation and intervention proposal with medication orders and chart notation are unique. In a 34-month period from September 2015 to July 2018, more than 110 000 alerts were generated and 13 000 interventions were performed by telepharmacists. Conclusions: Tele-ICU pharmacists employ limited resources to provide critical care pharmacy expertise to multiple sites within a healthcare system during nontraditional hours with documented clinical and financial benefits. Further study is needed to determine the impact of tele-ICU pharmacists on ICU and hospital length of stay, morbidity, and mortality.
Evaluation of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for the Reduction of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Hospitalized Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tellor Katie B. , Lloyd Michael D. , Hartman Timothy J. , Armbruster Anastasia L.
Published: May 2019

Background: Guidelines recommend antithrombotic therapy in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) based on an assessment utilizing the CHA2DS2-VASc score. However, a treatment gap exists regarding patients at risk for thromboembolic events. Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) to reduce the risk of SSE in patients with NVAF upon hospital discharge. Methods: This retrospective review evaluated patients admitted to a community hospital with NVAF in 2016. All patients were included except for the following: < 18 years of age, concomitant valvular heart disease, expired during hospitalization, or discharged on hospice care. Descriptive statistics were reported for all parameters. Results: A total of 2739 patients with NVAF were included with 59.9% discharged on GDMT to reduce the risk of SSE. A 1% increase in GDMT at discharge was observed in patients admitted with a history of NVAF (n = 2238; 60.1% vs 61.1%). Patients with first-detected NVAF (n = 501) were discharged on GDMT 54.5% of the time. In patients with a high stroke risk, concomitant heart failure ( P = .001) and a lower HAS-BLED score (mean = 2.85 vs 3.18; P < .0001) were associated with receiving GDMT upon discharge. However, patients with increased age (mean = 78.5 vs 76.4; P < .0001), vascular disease ( P = .02), prior major bleeding ( P < .0001), or first-detected NVAF ( P < .0001) were less likely to be discharged on GDMT. Conclusions: Consistent with published registry data, a gap was observed in the use of GDMT to reduce the risk of SSE in patients with NVAF at this institution. Further investigation into methods for improvement is warranted.
Birds of a feather: how manager–subordinate disagreement on goal clarity influences value congruence and organizational commitment
Authors: Stazyk Edmund C. , Davis Randall S.
Published: May 2019

A substantial body of research underscores the importance of congruence between employee and organizational values. Yet, despite evidence that value congruence affects key individual and organizational outcomes, several gaping holes still exist in the research. We add to existing public management scholarship by: (1) examining whether and how value congruence affects an employee’s affective organizational commitment; and (2) responding to recent calls for scholars to clarify the processes through which value congruence shapes employee attitudes and behavior. Drawing on dyadic data compiled on a sample of senior managers in US local governments, results indicate that value congruence is associated with higher levels of affective organizational commitment. Additionally, value congruence is even more important in instances when higher levels of goal ambiguity are present.

Points for practitioners

Study findings have several practical implications for public managers. First, results indicate that managers must acknowledge and account for employees’ perceptions of organizational goal ambiguity if they hope to retain employees. To this end, managers would do well to design goals in concert with their employees; the process of co-creating goals may help limit ambiguity. Second, managers must create robust communication systems that welcome disagreement and recognize the importance of effective dialogue on the nature of goals. Finally, managers should provide feedback on goals at regular intervals in order to help employees understand expectations.
Introducing xSub: A new portal for cross-national data on subnational violence
Authors: Zhukov Yuri M , Davenport Christian , Kostyuk Nadiya
Published: May 2019

Researchers today have access to an unprecedented amount of geo-referenced, disaggregated data on political conflict. Because these new data sources use disparate event typologies and units of analysis, findings are rarely comparable across studies. As a result, we are unable to answer basic questions like ‘what does conflict A tell us about conflict B?’ This article introduces xSub – a ‘database of databases’ for disaggregated research on political conflict ( www.x-sub.org ). xSub reduces barriers to comparative subnational research, by empowering researchers to quickly construct custom, analysis-ready datasets. xSub currently features subnational data on conflict in 156 countries, from 21 sources, including large data collections and data from individual scholars. To facilitate comparisons across countries and sources, xSub organizes these data into consistent event categories, actors, spatial units (country, province, district, grid cell, electoral constituency), and time units (year, month, week, and day). This article introduces xSub and illustrates its potential, by investigating the impact of repression on dissent across thousands of subnational datasets.
Mechanical analysis of the auxetic behavior of novel braided tubular structures by the finite element method
Authors: Shen Yang , Adanur Sabit
Published: May 2019

Auxetic materials are characterized with counter intuitive mechanical behavior, that is, a negative Poisson's ratio, in which the material expands in the direction perpendicular to the elongation direction. This intriguing property can be used to engineer structures with various porosity for ‘smart filters’ where the permeability changes in response to exterior force. In this research, the mechanical behavior of braided tubular structures that comprise helical auxetic yarns (HAYs) has been investigated. The permeability of the structure can be altered with the application of different levels of tensile force. Both HAYs and biaxial structures are fabricated on a Maypole braiding machine. The novelty of this braided tubular structure is that its open area decreases when stretched due to the local auxetic effect. A multi-scale finite element model is established to analyze the auxetic effect and the relationship between tensile force and the open area. The open area of the biaxial structure is measured by a camera system that is installed next to an Instron machine while the sample is subjected to tension. The experimental results show that the open area in the biaxial structure is reduced due to the auxetic effect of each HAY. The model gives a reasonable prediction compared to the experimental data, even though deviation exists, which is probably due to the nonlinear behavior from contact and large deformation.
Measuring Generalized Trust: Two New Approaches
Authors: Robbins Blaine G.
Published: May 2019

The Stranger Face Trust (SFT) questionnaire and the Imaginary Stranger Trust (IST) questionnaire are two new self-report measures of generalized trust that assess trust in real (SFT) and imaginary (IST) strangers across four trust domains. Both were designed to be objective, empirically valid, and easy to administer and score. To assess measurement validity and reliability, SFT and IST along with other common measures of social trust, sociodemographic characteristics, biographical characteristics, and a survey experiment were administered to a large representative sample of Qualtrics web-panel members ( N = 2,041). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models established the internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of SFT and IST. Further tests revealed that SFT and IST correlate with well-established predictors of generalized trust, while other correlates like the age–trust relation were called into question. Taken together, this article shows that SFT and IST are valid and reliable instruments for the measurement of generalized trust and that common measures of generalized trust appear to be less valid and less reliable. This article ends with a discussion of the implications and directions for future research.
A Mixed Methods Approach to the Analysis of Bias in Cross-cultural Studies
Authors: Benítez Isabel , Van de Vijver Fons , Padilla José Luis
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study is to illustrate a comprehensive approach to item bias in cross-cultural research by integrating quantitative and qualitative data in a mixed methods design. We studied responses and response processes of Dutch and Spanish participants to quality of life items from five international studies. Item bias was evaluated by analyzing differential item functioning (DIF) with several statistical procedures. Statistical results were combined with qualitative evidence of response processes from cognitive interviewing (CI). These integrated results yielded a coherent picture of bias sources. Nonuniform DIF was linked to differences in the response processes, whereas uniform DIF was associated with differential meaning of the item contents. We conclude that the mixed methods approach holds important promise for understanding bias.
Pediatric Epistaxis and Its Correlation Between Air Pollutants in Beijing From 2014 to 2017
Authors: Lu Ying-Xia , Liang Jie-Qiong , Gu Qing-Long , Pang Chong , Huang Chun-Lei
Published: May 2019

Background:

Epistaxis is a common symptom in children. The effect of air pollution on epistaxis is not yet clear.

Objectives:

To explore the characteristics of pediatric epistaxis in Beijing and its correlation with air pollutants.

Material and Methods:

Data were collected from 2014 to 2017 in Otolaryngology Department of Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Children diagnosed with epistaxis with relevant information with the same period of municipal air pollutants’ concentration were compared.

Results:

The annual visits of epistaxis showed a bimodal trend. The incidence of epistaxis in infants was low, increased with age, reached the peak between the ages of 4 to 5, and then gradually decreased with age. In different age groups, male patients were more than females. From 2014 to 2017 in Beijing, particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) showed a downtrend, lower in summer than in the other 3 seasons. Ozone (O3) was significantly higher in 2016 and 2017, showed an increase trend in summer. The incidence of epistaxis was negatively correlated with PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, which was positively correlated with O3 ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Pediatric epistaxis in Beijing changes with age and has obvious seasonal variation. There are some correlations between air pollutants and the incidence of epistaxis in children.
Vibration analysis of porous metal foam shells rested on an elastic substrate
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Dabbagh Ali , Rastgoo Abbas
Published: May 2019

In this article, the vibration problem of an embedded cylindrical shell consisted of porous metal foam is solved via an analytical method with respect to the influences of various porosity distributions. Three types of porosity distribution across the thickness are covered, namely, uniform, symmetric, and asymmetric. The strain–displacement relations of the shell are assumed to be derived on the basis of the first-order shear deformation shell theory. Then, the achieved relations will be incorporated with the Hamilton’s principle in order to reach the Navier equations of the cylindrical shell. Next, the well-known Galerkin’s method is utilized to calculate the natural frequencies of the system. The influences of both simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are included. In order to show the accuracy of the presented method, the results of the present research are compared with those reported by former published papers. The reported results show that an increase in the porosity coefficient can decrease the frequency of the shell. Also, the stiffness of the system can be lesser decreased while symmetric porosity distribution is chosen.
Correctional Officer Mental Health Training: Analysis of 52 U.S. Jurisdictions
Authors: Kois Lauren E. , Hill Kortney , Gonzales Lauren , Hunter Shelby , Chauhan Preeti
Published: May 2019

Research indicates correctional officer (CO) mental health training may be effective in facilitating the safety and security of both inmates and COs. We assessed Department of Corrections’ CO preservice (requisite for beginning an official post) mental health training requirements in 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. We obtained information regarding instruction method, training duration, and courses required. Descriptive statistics showed that all jurisdictions require mental health training, ranging from 1.5 to 80 hr ( M = 13.54, SD = 14.58, Mdn = 8). When considering course titles, the most common course topic is crisis intervention ( n = 44, 84.62%). The next most frequent course topics are general psychoeducation ( n = 24, 46.15%), special populations ( n = 12, 23.08%), specific clinical interventions ( n = 7, 13.46%), institutional procedure specific to mental health ( n = 6, 11.54%), and CO mental health and self-care ( n = 4, 7.69%). Future research should examine whether CO mental health training is related to positive mental health outcomes and other important institutional metrics, as well as variations in training and its impact at the national and international levels.
Improving Job Quality for Direct Care Workers
Authors: Osterman Paul
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of low wage work is a major challenge for American labor markets and health care is an industry in which many of these low wage workers are found. This paper provides data documenting these facts and then discusses strategies for upgrading job quality for long-term care workers who constitute the majority of low wage employees in health care occupations. In addition the paper briefly discusses approaches for upgrading the employment opportunities of low wage employees who are in the health industry but in jobs that are not health care specific.
Towards a ‘Social Anthropology’ of End-of-Life Moral Deliberation: A Study of Australian Salvation Army Officers
Authors: Cameron Andrew , Stevens Bruce , Shaw Rhonda , Bewert Peter , Salt Mavis , Ma Jennifer
Published: May 2019

A research project by the Schools of Theology and Psychology of Australia’s Charles Sturt University surveyed a large sample of Salvation Army officers. This article considers survey responses to two questions relating to end-of-life care: the use of pain medications that may shorten life, and the cessation of fluid and food intake. The results of the analyses are evaluated in terms of Michael Banner’s proposal that moral theology should more assiduously converse with ‘patient ethnographic study’, which the survey instantiates to some extent. Banner’s proposal and the results of the survey are contrasted to Peter Singer’s analytical moral philosophical dictums on end-of-life care. The results are also compared to a metastudy by Andrea Rodríguez-Prat and Evert van Leeuwen of 14 ethnographic studies of those who wish to hasten death at the end of life. We conclude that respondents exemplify a form of moral reasoning that is embedded within Christian spirituality; counters the assumptions of Singer’s approach; contrasts the diminishment of ‘meaning’ at the end of life, as seen in Rodríguez-Prat and van Leeuwen; and deserves further respectful ethnographic study.
Optimal configuration of shakers for phase resonance testing using modal parameters
Authors: Chen Wei , Jin Mengshi , Song Hanwen
Published: May 2019

The phase resonance testing is widely used in the ground vibration test for aircraft due to the advantages of distinguishing closely spaced modes and directly comparing normal mode shapes with those from finite element model. However, the process to configure the shakers is time-consuming. A method to configure the shakers, which calculates the appropriate force vector and estimates the optimal combination of excitation locations for phase resonance testing, is proposed in this paper. Compared with other configuration methods, where the frequency response function matrix is known a priori, the proposed method only requires a priori information of rough modal parameters. Therefore, less information is used in this method, which leads to the advantage of calculating the optimal configuration more efficiently. In this method, the modal force amplitude ratio of the target mode to all the modes, called the modal ratio indicator, is set up as the criterion to select the optimal configuration. Simulations of a discrete plate are performed to show the process of the method. An experiment of a steel beam is conducted to validate the effectiveness and reliability of this method.
The performance of a centrifugal compressor with a tandem impeller in off-design conditions
Authors: Li Ziliang , Lu Xingen , Han Ge , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhao Shengfeng , Zhu Junqiang
Published: May 2019

Centrifugal compressors often suffer relatively low efficiency and a terrible operating range particularly due to the complex flow structure and intense impeller/diffuser interaction. Numerous studies have focused on improving the centrifugal compressor performance using many innovative ideas, such as the tandem impeller, which has become increasingly attractive due to its ability to achieve the flow control with no additional air supply configurations and control costs in compressor. However, few studies that attempted to the investigation of tandem impeller have been published until now and the results are always contradictory. To explore the potential of the tandem impeller to enhance the compressor performance and the underlying mechanism of the flow phenomena in the tandem impellers, this paper numerically investigated a high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor with several tandem impellers at off-design operating speeds. The results encouragingly demonstrate that the tandem impeller can achieve a performance enhancement over a wide range of operating conditions. Approximately 1.8% maximum enhancement in isentropic efficiency and 5.0% maximum enhancement in operating range are achieved with the inducer/exducer circumferential displacement of [Formula: see text] = 25% and 50%, respectively. The observed stage performance gain of the tandem impellers decreases when the operating speed increases due to the increased inducer shock, increased wake losses, and deteriorated tandem impeller discharge flow uniformity. In addition, the tandem impeller can extend the impeller operating range particularly at low rotation speeds, which is found to be a result from the suppression of the low-momentum fluid radial movement. The results also indicate that the maximum flux capacity of the tandem impeller decreases due to the restriction of the inducer airfoil Kutta–Joukowsky condition.
TGF-β in Mice Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Regulating NK Cell Activity
Authors: Xu J. , Wang Y. , Jiang H. , Sun M. , Gao J. , Xie A.
Published: May 2019

Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination located in the central nervous system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the roles of T cells in MS/EAE have been well investigated, little is known about the functions of other immune cells in the neuroinflammation model. Here we found that an essential cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) which could mediate the differentiation of Th17/regulatory T cells was implicated in the natural killer (NK) cells’ activity in EAE. In EAE mice, TGF-β expression was first increased at the onset and then decreased at the peak, but the expressions of TGF-β receptors and downstream molecules were not affected in EAE. When we immunized the mice with MOG antigen, it was revealed that TGF-β treatment reduced susceptibility to EAE with a lower clinical score than the control mice without TGF-β. Consistently, inflammatory cytokine production was reduced in the TGF-β treated group, especially with downregulated pathogenic interleukin-17 in the central nervous system tissue. Furthermore, TGF-β could increase the transcription level of NK cell marker NCR1 both in the spleen and in the CNS without changing other T cell markers. Meanwhile TGF-β promoted the proliferation of NK cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrated that TGF-β could confer protection against EAE model in mice through NK cells, which would be useful for the clinical therapy of MS.
Occupational Health Internship Program at a Metropolitan Transit Authority: Exploring Split Shifts as a Health and Safety Concern for Bus Operators
Authors: Sidhu Sophia , An Grace
Published: May 2019

Bus operators are exposed to many occupational hazards, ranging from workplace violence to air pollution to biohazards. Through a summer project, Occupational Health Internship Program students explored bus operators’ health and safety concerns at the Amalgamated Transit Union Local #265 in San Jose, CA. Pilot surveys and individual interviews were used to identify operators’ perspectives on split shifts. A majority of a small sample of 109 bus operators reported dissatisfaction with split shifts, experience with physical and mental fatigue, stress from working these shifts, and inability to focus on immediate tasks due to working split shifts. Some operators preferred split shifts for various reasons, including having time to perform errands, eat lunch, and rest. Operators’ suggestions to improve route scheduling include split shift observations by management, upward communication with senior management, and improvement of bus yard and relief point facilities where operators take their breaks between shifts.
Body Perception and Organ Donation: Bereaved Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Mahat-Shamir Michal , Hamama-Raz Yaira , Leichtentritt Ronit D.
Published: May 2019

The view of the body in sociological, psychological, and gender studies may be broadly summarized to three metaphors: (a) the body as a machine, (b) the body as Self, and (c) the body as sacred and sanctified entity. Each of these philosophical views has an impact on organ donation. The current study aimed at revealing body perception of bereaved Israeli parents who agreed to donate organs of their deceased child. A deductive and inductive thematic analysis captured an ongoing perceptual change that bereaved donor parents experienced in their view of the child’s body. Parents’ ability to move between two positions (the body as Self, the body as a machine) allowed them to agree with and protect their decision to donate as well as to maintain an ongoing bond with their deceased child. The view of the body as scared entity was not evident in the bereaved parents’ narratives.
Research on control method of Maglev vehicle-guideway coupling vibration system based on particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Qin , Wang Hui , Shen Gang
Published: May 2019

To solve the problem of vehicle-guideway coupling vibration, a new control approach for the Maglev vehicle-guideway coupled system was investigated. A simplified model of the system was built and a control strategy based on full state feedback and particle swarm optimization algorithm was designed. The robustness of the system considering different track stiffness and the maximum voltage of the magnet were considered when the cost function of the particle swarm algorithm was designed. A real-time test rig using dSPACE was built to test the control strategy. The result from the test rig shows that the new designed control strategy can keep the system stable and has a better response than the traditional linear quadratic optimal method, the control voltage is much lower, the settling time of step response is decreased and the maximum overshoot of the air gap is decreased more than 88%. The robustness of the system in different track stiffness conditions is also much better; that is, when the magnet and the track move relative to each other, the maximum amplitude of vibration of both the track and the magnet is 40–70% lower, and the oscillation caused by the shifting of the track beam converges much more quickly.
What We Can Learn From Failure: An EHR-Based Child Protection Alert System
Authors: Krawiec Conrad , Gerard Seth , Iriana Sarah , Berger Rachel , Levi Benjamin
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly implemented Child Protection Alert System (CPAS) that utilizes triggering diagnoses to identify children who have been confirmed/strongly suspected as maltreated. We retrospectively reviewed electronic health records (EHRs) of 666 patients evaluated by our institution’s child protection team between 2009 and 2014. We examined each EHR for the presence of a pop-up alert, a persistent text-based visual alert, and diagnoses denoting child maltreatment. Diagnostic accuracy of the CPAS for child maltreatment identification was assessed. Of 323 patients for whom child maltreatment was confirmed/strongly suspected, 21.7% (70/323) had a qualifying longitudinal diagnosis listed. The pop-up alert fired in 14% of cases (45/323) with a sensitivity and specificity of 13.9% (95% CI [10.4%, 18.2%]) and 100% (95% CI [98.9%, 100.0%]), respectively. The text-based visual alert displayed in 44 of 45 cases. The CPAS is a novel simple way to support clinical decision-making to identify and protect children at risk of (re)abuse. This study highlights multiple barriers that must be overcome to effectively design and implement a CPAS to protect at-risk children.
Indoor tanning and poor mental health among adolescents in New York City (2015)
Authors: Basch Corey H , Hillyer Grace C , Kecojevic Aleksandar , Ku Cyril S , Basch Charles E
Published: May 2019

This study explored relationships between mental health and indoor tanning among high school students in New York City using 2015 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Those more likely to use indoor tanning were females (odds ratio = 6.26, 95% confidence interval = 6.08–6.45) and non-Hispanic White (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.14). Being bullied on school property (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–1.34), having attempted suicide (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.99–2.18), and having sought counseling (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.26) were significantly associated with indoor tanning. This study indicates that engaging in indoor tanning is associated with a number of mental health factors.
Closing the gap between oral lexicons and sight vocabulary: Examining speech recognition technologies
Authors: Baker Elizabeth (Betsy) A , Bradley Chelsea
Published: May 2019

Hey Siri, Alexa, Google, can you help me learn to read? Speech recognition apps can take dictation. Elementary, middle, high school students, and adults, who struggle to read can dictate to speech recognition apps and see their oral vernacular become written words. However, at the time of this study, speech recognition apps remained notoriously inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to examine whether first-graders who struggled to read would develop sight vocabulary for the words they dictated to speech recognition apps. If so, how did their speech recognition-generated words compare with words they might encounter in other texts? Conversely, did they use vocabulary represented on high-frequency word lists? Derived from a broader ethnographic study, for 4 months, students attended a classroom writing centre and used speech recognition apps to compose. Findings indicated that speech recognition inaccuracies were inconsequential to participants' development of corresponding sight vocabulary. Within the timeframe and writing process used in the study, the students spontaneously generated a relatively low percentage of words they might encounter in other texts. However, speech recognition appeared to support students' abilities to embrace personally meaningful oral language and transfer their linguistic and culturally diverse oral vernacular to sight vocabulary. Findings raise issues of ecological validity and the origins of sight vocabulary curricula.
The meaning of the name of ‘pulmonary rehabilitation’ and its influence on engagement with individuals with chronic lung disease
Authors: Oxley Rebecca , Harrison Samantha L. , Rose Arthur , Macnaughton Jane
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for all individuals living with a lung condition and chronic breathlessness. This article considers how adopting an interdisciplinary, medical humanities approach to the term ‘pulmonary rehabilitation’ might unpack some of the misconceptions, misrepresentations or negative connotations surrounding it, which have been largely overlooked in explanations of the low uptake of this programme. Taking key insights from Wellcome Trust-funded Life of Breath project, including ethnographic research in community fitness groups in North East England and the ‘Breath Lab’ special interest group, this article outlines how the whole-body approach of PR is not easily understood by those with lung conditions; how experience can inform breath perception through the pacing of everyday life; and how stigma can impact rehabilitation. This article highlights the value of medical humanities in working through communicative challenges evident in the translation of PR between patient and clinical contexts and sets out two arts-based approaches (Singing for Lung Health and dance movement) as potential options that could be included in the PR referral. Finally, the article outlines the need for collaborative research exploring the communication and meaning of healthcare strategies and experiences at the interface of the arts, humanities and medical practice.
Precarity and Why Indie Game Developers Can’t Save Us from Racism
Authors: Srauy Sam
Published: May 2019

Exploring issues of labor and inequality at the intersection of AAA and indie sectors, this article interrogates the perception of the indie sector as key to mitigating the production of racializing or racist game content. As developers are central to the industry and the larger games culture, their views reveal how indies are imagined as a privileged site free from economic pressures where racism can be ameliorated. Based on interviews with developers, I argue that the project to redress representational inequities within games is shifted on to indie developers, intensifying their emotional and cultural labor. Indie game developers are imagined as the solution, yet this perspective underestimates the precariousness of independent game production. Economic precariousness may encourage indies to repeat certain patterns of racial representation.