bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Intraoral Interface for Human-Ability Extension Robots
Authors: Koike Uori ,   Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Enriquez Guillermo , Miwa Takanobu , Yap Huei Ee , Kabasawa Madoka , Hashimoto Shuji ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University,   LP-Research Inc.,   School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/05.jpg' width='300' text='The headset type intraoral interface' ] An extra degree of freedom to human body movement could assist people in a variety of tasks. To this end, we have previously proposed a human-ability extension system through a supernumerary limb. The system comprises of a manipulator that acts as a third arm, a feedback device that displays its status, and an interface that allows for its hands-free operation. Herein, we present this novel, intraoral interface that utilizes tongue motions and expiratory pressure. In contrast to the conventional intraoral interfaces that suffer from a lack of degrees of freedom and stability, our advanced interface is equipped with inertial measurement units and a pressure sensor to solve these problems without sacrificing the ease of use. The proposed interface is utile not only in our ongoing “Third Arm” project, but also in various other applications. We conclude with experimental evaluation of the system’s usability and its efficacy for human-ability extension systems.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation Using Scene Matching with Local Features
Authors: Shioya Toshiaki ,   Mitsuba Corporation, Kogure Kazushige , Iwata Tomoyuki , Ohta Naoya ,   Gunma University
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/13.jpg' width='300' text='Autonomous mobile robot' ] The validity of navigation using an autonomous traveling algorithm based on loose localization (the lax localization algorithm) for an autonomous mobile robot with view sequences [1] was studied, and autonomous travel of the robot in a general town environment with people walking was experimentally demonstrated. The autonomous mobile robot was assumed to be a general cart-type robot with steering wheels and fixed wheels, which was able to make a translational motion in the traveling direction and a rotational motion around the midpoint between the fixed wheels ( Fig. 1). The lax localization algorithm estimates only the distance in the traveling direction and the orientation of the cart, to make the robot follow the teaching path. The algorithm does not estimate the position in the transverse direction normal to the traveling direction. The cart orientation is estimated based on the direction in which a reference image can be viewed, and the position relative to the reference image in the robot traveling direction is estimated based the change in matching score. An autonomous travel experiment was conducted on the course of Tsukuba Challenge 2015 [a], and based on the estimation results, the robot could travel successfully in almost all the location of the course.
Trends in Walking and Cycling Safety: Recent Evidence From High-Income Countries, With a Focus on the United States and Germany
Authors: Buehler Ralph , Pucher John
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To examine changes in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities per capita (1990–2014) and per kilometer (2000–2010) in selected high-income countries, and in fatalities and serious injuries per kilometer by age in the United States and Germany (2001–2009).

Methods. We used Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development data to estimate 5-year annual averages of per-capita fatalities relative to the 1990–1994 average. To control for exposure, we divided fatalities and serious injuries by kilometers of walking or cycling per year for countries with comparable data from national household travel surveys.

Results. Most countries have reduced pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates per capita and per kilometer. The serious injuries data show smaller declines or even increases in rates per kilometer. There are large differences by age group in fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer, with seniors having the highest rates. The United States has much higher fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer than the other countries examined, and has made the least progress in reducing per-capita fatality rates.

Conclusions. The United States must greatly improve walking and cycling conditions. All countries should focus safety programs on seniors and children.
Anabolic Steroid Misuse Among US Adolescent Boys: Disparities by Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Blashill Aaron J. , Calzo Jerel P. , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B.
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To examine the prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys as a function of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity.

Methods. We analyzed boys from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 6248; mean age = 16), a representative sample of US high school students. Lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse was dichotomized as never versus 1 or more times.

Results. Sexual minority boys reported elevated misuse compared with heterosexual boys, within each level of race/ethnicity. Black, Hispanic, and White sexual minority boys reported misuse at approximately 25%, 20%, and 9%, respectively.

Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in anabolic steroid misuse disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic sexual minority adolescent boys, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these disparities.
The Progress of US Hospitals in Addressing Community Health Needs
Authors: Cramer Geri Rosen , Singh Simone R. , Flaherty Stephen , Young Gary J.
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To identify how US tax-exempt hospitals are progressing in regard to community health needs assessment (CHNA) implementation following the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Methods. We analyzed data on more than 1500 tax-exempt hospitals in 2013 to assess patterns in CHNA implementation and to determine whether a hospital’s institutional and community characteristics are associated with greater progress.

Results. Our findings show wide variation among hospitals in CHNA implementation. Hospitals operating as part of a health system as well as hospitals participating in a Medicare accountable care organization showed greater progress in CHNA implementation whereas hospitals serving a greater proportion of uninsured showed less progress. We also found that hospitals reporting the highest level of CHNA implementation progress spent more on community health improvement.

Conclusions. Hospitals widely embraced the regulations to perform a CHNA. Less is known about how hospitals are moving forward to improve population health through the implementation of programs to meet identified community needs.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Lethal Force by US Police, 2010–2014
Authors: Buehler James W.
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To update previous examinations of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police.

Methods. I examined online national vital statistics data for deaths assigned an underlying cause of “legal intervention” (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, external-cause-of-injury codes Y35.0–Y35.7, excluding Y35.5 [legal execution]) for the 5-year period 2010 to 2014.

Results. Death certificates identified 2285 legal intervention deaths (1.5 per million population per year) from 2010 to 2014. Among males aged 10 years or older, who represented 96% of these deaths, the mortality rate among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals was 2.8 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than that among White individuals.

Conclusions. Substantial racial/ethnic disparities in legal intervention deaths remain an ongoing problem in the United States.
US Traffic Fatalities, 1985–2014, and Their Relationship to Medical Marijuana Laws
Authors: Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Mauro Christine M. , Wall Melanie M. , Kim June H. , Cerdá Magdalena , Keyes Katherine M. , Hasin Deborah S. , Galea Sandro , Martins Silvia S.
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To determine the association of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) with traffic fatality rates.

Methods. Using data from the 1985–2014 Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined the association between MMLs and traffic fatalities in multilevel regression models while controlling for contemporaneous secular trends. We examined this association separately for each state enacting MMLs. We also evaluated the association between marijuana dispensaries and traffic fatalities.

Results. On average, MML states had lower traffic fatality rates than non-MML states. Medical marijuana laws were associated with immediate reductions in traffic fatalities in those aged 15 to 24 and 25 to 44 years, and with additional yearly gradual reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. However, state-specific results showed that only 7 states experienced post-MML reductions. Dispensaries were also associated with traffic fatality reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years.

Conclusions. Both MMLs and dispensaries were associated with reductions in traffic fatalities, especially among those aged 25 to 44 years. State-specific analysis showed heterogeneity of the MML–traffic fatalities association, suggesting moderation by other local factors. These findings could influence policy decisions on the enactment or repealing of MMLs and how they are implemented.
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA: ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF TRAINING
Authors: Klimova Elena , Chernisheva Tatyana
Published: December 2016

As the result of transfer to the market economy and joining Bolognese declaration the system of professional education in Russia undergoes the series of transformations. For optimization of the budget means expenditure there takes place the closing and consolidation of professional educational organizations of all levels that leads to the decrease of education accessibility. Elimination of the primary stage of professional education and introduction of bachelor degree as a stage of the higher professional education leads to the complications in realization of the principle of continuation of professional education. The transfer to the two-step system of higher education faces students with the choice: to remain a bachelor (half-taught specialist) and reduce the own chances for employment or receive the full education, finished it in MA. Orientation of Federal state standards on the competence approach results in the decrease of professional education quality.
To raise the quality of professional staff training in Russia it is important to take the following measures. Firstly, to stop the practice of closing and consolidation of educational organizations, for optimization of the budget means expenditure. Secondly, to eliminate contradictions in realization of the principle of professional education continuity at the expense of return of the primary state of professional education into the system of professional education and of the specialist degree on series of directions into the system of higher education and increase of budget places in MA. Thirdly, to raise the quality of qualified staff training by decrease of the load on teachers, use of improved activity approach at elaboration of Federal state educational standards, orientation of professional education on the formation of integral structure of professional activity in future specialist instead of separate competences, given annually from above.
THE ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF INTENSIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF REGIONS
Authors: Kutidze Lyudmila
Published: December 2016

The factors of international environment that influence international cooperation of the regions of Ukraine are considered in the article and it was revealed, that the possibilities of its intensification are given by the development of new organizational forms of cooperation.
International activity of regions is realized within their authorities taking into account coordinating role of the national bodies of power. That is why the analysis of limitations that impedes the full use of possibilities of international cooperation due to the use of its diverse forms needs the complex consideration of factors of the national and regional environment.
Institutional, financial, organizational limitations of intensification of international cooperation of the regions of Ukraine were determined. It was proved, that the main limitation is organizational factors, especially: absence of coordination between the departments that are responsible at the national level for realization of the programs of international cooperation of regions; absence of the mechanisms of interaction between state and regional authorities, public and business representatives; insufficient informational support of concerned parties.
The solution of the problem of intensification of international cooperation between the regions needs the complex approach to organization of interterritorial cooperation and elaboration of transparent mechanisms that would combine the efforts of participants of the process of solving problems of institutional, organizational, financial support of international cooperation.
Realization of such approach is connected with the necessity of institutional formation of rules, authorities, responsibilities of the power bodies of the different levels, establishing of communicational channels. It needs the use of mechanisms of strategic and program-objective management of activity. It is expedient to create the regional programs of international interaction that would determine the competitive advantages, priority branches, possibilities and resources of their development with orientation on the strengthening of competitiveness of every region
ARCHITECTURALLY ARTISTIC METAL OF CITY IVANO-FRANKIVSK(STANISLAVIV), END OF 19TH-BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Kachkovska Natalia
Published: December 2016

In this article we consider a theme concerning the evolution of metal decoration in architecture of the town Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislaviv), dated XIX - early XX century, this question was analyzed in line with European architectural and artistic trends of that time. Style trends and compositional features were detected through the example of certain types of metal-plastic in the architecture of the town. Special attention was paid to finding ways to preserve valuable historical examples of architectural-artistic metal, which are exposed to destruction.
Ancient metal-plastic, which impresses us by the mastery of far-back blacksmiths, adorns most historic buildings in Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislaviv). It was formed, at each stage of its development, in line with European architectural-artistic trends and reproduces the content of these processes by typological, compositional, stylistic, iconographic, formal features, together with production technique and manufacturing technology. The metal-plastic being a valuable architectural-artistic heritage of XIX - early XX century, which defines the direction of urban modern forging art development, nowadays is exposed to destruction. Undervaluation and low level of research work, concerning Ivano-Frankivsk historic metal-plastic as a cultural heritage object, become one of the reasons that community and some experts do not consider it as an object that influenced the formation of the architectural urban space image and still continues to influence its evolution.
THE ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER CREATION MEANS IN THE NOVEL BY M. STEL’MAH “THE THOUGHT ABOUT YOU”
Authors: Kykylyk Alina
Published: December 2016

In the world thought and practice the scientific paradigm is anthropocentrism. In the aspect of these philosophical ideas the epic canvases by M. Stel’mah gain the qualitatively new interpretation. For today it is obvious that the works of verbal art must be considered not only as a reflection of socio-political, economic or cultural-educational life of certain society but first of all we must make the acquaintance with personages of the work, to cognize their human essence, to elucidate personal characteristics of personages as creators of own and general story. Such an approach will favor the realization of esthetic, educative and hedonistic function of the literature. Recipients cognize the essence of philosophical categories through the means of character creation of human images: “sense of being”, “happiness”, “self-cognition and self-realization”, “ugly and beautiful”, “comic-tragic and heroic”, “personal development” and so on.
The system of images-personages of soviet epoch in their open description is considered in the article. The esthetics of social realism, its influence on the formation of the author’s idiostyle was discovered. The scientific novelty of the received results is in the detailed elucidation and analysis of the originality of the means of character creation of personages in socio-psychological novel by M. Stel’mak “The thought about you”. The materials and results of the study will be the valuable acquisition of literary criticism and the practice of teaching literature.
THE PROBLEMS OF COORDINATION AND COOPERATION OF THE BRACHES OF TRANSPORT COMPLEX IN UKRAINIAN SSR (1970 – 1980)
Authors: Gorban Anatoliy
Published: December 2016

In the presented article the level of activity and coordination of Ukrainian SSR transport branches in 1970 – 1980-s is considered on the basis of archives and scientific literature. The author comes to a conclusion that under condition of general growth of transportation the lack of proper coordination of different kinds of transport and department non-coordination had their negative influence on the transportation organization in that period. First of all it was relative to the problems of general motor transport usage, transport expedition service, irrational transportation by the railway transport, economic stimulation of co-operating transport enterprise workers for their common work results. The effectiveness of measures on their coordination stayed low.
THE SYSTEM OF THE MANAGEMENT OF STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES: COMPARISON OF THE NATIVE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Lutsenko Irina
Published: December 2016

The article elucidates the problems and tendencies of formation of the native system of the management of the stable development of rural territories in the context of budgetary policy and general European experience.
The author has systematized the types of state support of the stable development of the rural territories by the forms of budgetary regulation and their legislative support. The world experience of the state support of budgetary regulation of the development of rural territories and the features of the influence of state subventions on the economic safety of local territories were studied. The main problems and tendencies of the management of the stable development of rural territories were analyzed and the weak places – dependence of rural economy on agrarian production, decrease of effectiveness of existent resources usage and worsening of social-productive and ecological infrastructure of the villages were determined.
Alongside with it the inconsistency of the level of development of Ukrainian agrarian sector and rural territories in general to the world level and the standards of EU countries was revealed that is for today the significant obstacle on Ukraine’s way the to the membership in European Union. It can be explained especially by the general policy of development of the rural territories in European Union that is realized within the Common Agrarian Policy (CAP). Thus, on the way to the finish of administrative-territorial reform and decentralization of the power authorities Ukraine must take into account the priorities of CAP of EU countries as the target orientation points for the formation of the system of the management of stable development that would provide the balance of agricultural and rural development.
Taking into account the experience of development of EU agrarian policy, based on the domination of the development of rural territories over the other tasks, Ukraine must adapt its policy to the European standards and to follow the course of changes of agricultural development of EU countries for the timely modernization of the forms of state support of the stable development of rural territories.
THE STATE OF LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH ASPIRIN ASSOCIATED POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS
Authors: Koshel Ivanna
Published: December 2016

Nowadays it is observed the wide prevalence of polypous rhinosinusitis, associated with intolerance to aspirin. From today positions the main principle of pathogenesis is in presence of “genetic block” of constitutive cyclooxigenase – the node enzyme of metabolism of arachidonic acid that leads to its active accumulation. It leads to the disorder of lipid metabolism and conditions the necessity to study its biochemical features.

Aim of research. To study biochemical parameters of the lipid exchange in patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis, associated with intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid by determination of the main metabolites.

Materials and methods. The results of laboratory examination of 20 patients with aspirin associated polypous rhinosinusitis are presented in the article. The control group included 7 practically healthy donors. There were studied the level of arachidonic acid in condensate of exhaled air, arachidonic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic acids, phospholipids, malonic dialdehyde and oxide modification of protein in the blood serum.

Results. There were determined the changes of lipid exchange, which essence is in increase of the level of arachidonic acid in condensate of exhaled air and blood serum that leads to the decrease of the content of its main predecessors – linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids and also phospholipids. The increase of arachidonic acid content stimulates the processes of peroxidation and leads to the increase of malonic dialdehyde content and oxide modifications of protein. The features of biochemical disorders testify to the proinflammatory direction of lipids metabolism.

Conclusions. The received data confirm the hypothesis of “genetic block” of arachidonic acid metabolism as the main pathogenetic link of polypous rhinosinusitis, associated with intolerance to aspirin, and allow clearly interpret the clinical image and the features of clinical course.
PATHOMORPHOSIS OF EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mykolyshyn Lidia , Piskur Zoriana
Published: December 2016

Aim. To study clinical and epidemiological aspects of pathomorphosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis clinical forms.

Materials and Methods. Retrospective analysis of 138 case histories in children aged to 15 years, obtaining extrapulmonary tuberculosis treatment in a specialized children's hospital during 1988-2015 was carried out. Among them, in 103 children, clinical forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis combined with respiratory tuberculosis and in 35 children independent forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were found. Studied stage (1988-2015) was divided into 3 periods: I – 1988-1997, II – 1998-2007, III – 2008-2015.

During 2008-2015, incomparison to previous periods, the number of cases of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (PLN), meninges and central nervous system tuberculosis, bones and joints tuberculosis, and ocular tuberculosis decreased. In 2008-2015, the share of combined forms of meninges and central nervous system tuberculosis and ocular tuberculosis remained at 1998-2007 level. During 2008-2015, skin tuberculosis was not diagnosed. Nevertheless, in 2008-2015, in6.8±10.2 % of cases extrapulmonary tuberculosis combined with miliary tuberculosis, and in 5.8±10.4 % of cases the process characterized by lethal outcome, moreover 4.9±10.7% from them – in recent years. It is important that during period I, in 19.6±13.2 % of cases extrapulmonary tuberculosis combined with respiratory tuberculosis in reverse development phases, during period II – in 12.9±19.3 % of cases, during period III – in 23.8±21.2 % of cases.

Conclusion. Despite the reduction, extrapulmonary tuberculosis combined with severe forms of respiratory tuberculosis, which led to lethal outcome in children in 5.8±10.4% of cases. Tuberculosis epidemiological situation worsening, reversion of severe forms of tuberculosis with the development of extrapulmonary one and several organs injuries in children shows the necessity of social, preventive and therapeutic measures intensification among children.
THE ROLE OF COMPLEX OF PROPHYLACTIC ARRANGEMENTS WITH THE USE OF REMINERALIZING PREPARATION AS TO ENAMEL RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN WITH DISORDERS OF TEETH FORMATION
Authors: Liubarets Svetlana
Published: December 2016

Aim of research: To increase the resistance of teeth enamel in children with disorders of their formation by introduction of the complex of prophylactic arrangements using remineralizing preparation.

Materials and methods. The object of research is the zones of injured enamel (on the background of hypoplasia) of permanent teeth. The subject is the level of general calcium and orthophosphates in acid biopsy materials of injured teeth enamel. Methods of research: the vital coloration of enamel, transillumination, acid biopsy of enamel, photometric, statistic.

There was carried out the determination of level of calcium and orthophosphates in acid biopsy materials of injured enamel in 45 children, 6–12 years old with enamel hypoplasia. The group № 1 (21 persons) – children who underwent the complex of prophylactic arrangements that included recommendations as to the choice of means and subjects for oral cavity care and teaching the standard method of teeth brushing. The group № 2 (24 persons) – children, who additionally used remineralyzing cream on the water base with casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (СРР-АСР) (Certificate on the state registration №10014/2010 of 03.12.2010).

Results. In children with chronologic enamel hypoplasia was established the low level of calcium and orthophosphates in acid biopsy materials of injured enamel. Calcium/phosphorus (Са/Р) coefficient in examined groups № 1 and № 2 was 1,26±1,14 and 1,19±0,56, respectively.

The high effectiveness of the offered complex of prophylactic arrangements (teaching the hygienic habits – group №1, additional use of remineralizing cream – group № 2) is proved by the growth of macroelements content in acid biopsy materials of injured enamel in examined children. The holding of prophylactic arrangements in children of the group № 2 using remineralizing cream, favored the more essential growth of level of calcium and orthophosphates in biopsy materials comparing with group of children № 1 (р=0,002 and р=0,03, respectively), and also reliably increased Са/Р coefficient (р=0,0005).

Conclusions. Introduction of complex of prophylactic arrangements using remineralizing preparation in children with disorders of teeth formation favored the rise of enamel resistance as a result of growth of the level of calcium and orthophosphates in its mineral component.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF CHRONIC EPSTEIN-BARR VIRAL INFECTION DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF IMMUNE REACTION OF ORGANISM
Authors: Liadova Tatiana
Published: December 2016

The results of the study of the main regulatory cytokines levels in patients with chronic forms of EBV-infection (CEBV) are presented the work.

Aim of research. To establish the types of immune reaction for prognostication of the clinical course of disease in patients with chronic forms of EBV-infection on the base of the analysis of multidirectional synthesis dynamics of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), regulatory IL-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).

Methods. The research oт the study of the main cytokines levels by IEA method in the disease dynamics included patients with EBV-infection (n=80). The serum concentrations of studied cytokines: IL-lβ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 were determined using test-systems by LTD “Protein outline” (Saint Petersburg, Russia), using the producer’s instruction, by sIEA.

Statistical analysis of the results of research was carried out using the program Statistika 6.0 for Windows (Stat Soft Inc, USA).

Results. The analysis of cytokine profile dynamics in patients with EBV-infection allowed reveal the multidirectional changes of synthesis of studied anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines that became a base for establishing of two types of immune reaction: dissociative and hyporeactive. Dissociative type was characterized with the low parameters of anti-inflammatory cytokines and regulatory IL-2 on the background of moderately increased values of anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas the hyporeactive type was characterized with the low concentrations of all studied parameters.

Conclusions. The received results of researches prove the existence of cytokine imbalance at EBV-infection. The established types of immune reaction testify to the inadequate cellular-humoral reactivity of organism under conditions of EBV prolonged persistency that is manifested by inclination to suppression of cellular-mediated and intensification of humoral mechanisms of immune response and is reflected in clinical-biochemical manifestations of disease that results in prolonged wavy course.

Just the functional imbalance of immunity links to the priority of Тх2 type, which biological effects are directed on the limitation of intensity and prevalence of inflammatory process in different organs, favors the prolongation of viral persistency.
THE FEATURES OF ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Mammad oglu Huseynov Elchin
Published: December 2016

It is well known, that the injury of organs and systems and also immunological rates considerably determine clinical course and the result of brucellosis. In the article are presented the results of examination of 120 patients with acute brucellosis. The control group included 30 practically healthy persons. Groups were representative by the age and sex. The diagnosis of brucellosis was set on the base of complaints, anamnesis, epidemiological and clinical data and the results of serological examination of the blood. All patients also underwent the fixation of interleukin -6, іinterleukin-4 and TLR-2 in the blood serum. The detailed epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristic of patients with brucellosis was presented. Among examined persons prevailed men, persons of young able-bodied persons and rural dwellers. It was revealed, that the dominating way of transmission was the contact one. The highest level of infection was fixed among the workers of farm enterprises and veterinarians. The season features were also revealed, the highest level of morbidity was in summer-autumn period. The main clinical features were: fever, arthralgia, risen disposition to perspire, hepatosplenomegaly. It was revealed, that the level of pro-inflammatory interleukins considerably prevailed over the level of anti-inflammatory ones. Despite the high sensitivity of PCR diagnostics, the positive results in our research were received only in one third of patients.
THE STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PECTIN GELS WITH MONO - AND DISACCHARIDES
Authors: Dorohovich Antonella , Dorohovich Viktoriya , Kambulova Julya
Published: December 2016

At manufacturing of confectionary products can be used the different mono- and disaccharides – glucose, fructose, saccharose, lactulose and so on. The study of rheological parameters of pectin gels, made on the base of apple puree and different sugars, allowed establish the regularities of sugars influence on the state of pectin gels. It was revealed, that the effective viscosity of pectin gels, based on glucose and fructose, is higher than the one of pectin gel, based on saccharose that is explained by the formation of more number of hydrogenous connections between monosaccharides and pectin molecules. It was established, that the use of lactulose probiotics in composition of pectin gels, based on saccharose or glucose, increases the quantity of free moisture that decreases the effective viscosity of its structure. Or on the contrary, in pectin gels, based on fructose, the addition of lactulose decreases the total quantity of free moistrure that increases the effective viscosity of the structure. It can be explained by the more high solubility of lactulose comparing with saccharose and glucose and the lower one comparing with fructose. The received data ground technological modes of formation of gel-like confectionary masses, namely the increase of the temperature of formation of gels, based on fructose and glucose. At manufacturing of production with functional properties, the addition of lactulose, on the contrary, widens the temperature interval of masses formation, consequently, the formation temperature can be lowered.

At storage of gels at temperature 293 K their solidity increases. At the same time in gels, based on fructose, it is observed the crystals formation, connected with the low solubility of glucose. For prevention of crystals growth and attainment of the necessary structural-mechanical organoleptic parameters of gels, it is recommended to lower the glucose quantity by 30 %.
THE STUDY OF THERMAL REVERSIBILITY OF THE FREEZING-DEFROST PROCESS OF BROWNED ONION
Authors: Odarchenko Dmytro , Cherevko Oleksander , Odarchenko Andrey , Pogozhikh Nycolay , Sokolova Evgenia
Published: December 2016

The features and dynamics of the freezing-defrost processes of the studied sample of browned onion were established and studied. At the research it was revealed, that at freezing temperature –20 °С the value of maximal freezing speed does not change.

The process of defrost of browned onion was carried out using calorimeter with the reverse connection on temperature and PID-regulator, on the temperature curve of its freezing. It was determined, that the process of defrost of the studied sample needs more heat that is educed at freezing. The modes of stepped defrost that testify to the possibility of thermal reversibility of freezing process were experimentally established.

The direct dependence of educed and consumed heat quantity on the mode of thermal processing of studied sample was revealed. The more moisture was eliminated from the food product, the less heat must be consumed for defrost. The analogous dependence is typical also for the freezing process.

The received data can be used for determination of the rational modes of freezing and defrost of the browned onion.
THE STUDY OF THE METHOD OF FIGHT AGAINST FORMATION OF POLARIZING LAYER AT THE PROCESS OF ULTRAFILTRATION CONCENTRATION OF THE SKIM MILK
Authors: Deynychenko Grygoriy , Guzenko Vasyl , Udovenko Oleg , Omelchenko Aleksandr , Melnik Olga
Published: December 2016

The description of experimental set and the method of processing of the results of the study of the method of fight against formation of polarizing layer in the process of ultrafiltration concentration of skim milk raw material were presented. The results of experimental studies relative to the sparging method application for the prevention of polarizing layer in the process of membrane processing of the skim milk and its influence on the capacity of ultrafiltration membranes were offered. The mathematical models were constructed on the base of regressive equations of factorial experiment using the method of the raw material sparging above the membrane surface for selection of technological parameters of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of the skim milk. The rational working parameters of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of the skim milk using the sparging of the skim milk by the gas bubbles in the direct closeness to the membrane surface were determined. Such working parameters are: pressure– 0,4...0,5 MPa, temperature of skim milk– 40...50 ºС, frequency of sparging of skim milk– 0,10...0,15 min-1, pressure of sparging must be 0,56...0,58 MPa.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT FOR PLANT GROWING ON THE BASIS OF STREPTOMYCES ALBUS
Authors: Levchyk Nataliia , Liubinska Alla , Todosiichuk Tetiana , Rakhmetov Jamal , Diakova Maria
Published: December 2016

In this work the influence of experimental forms of biological product from Streptomyces albus UN44 on the growth processes of agricultural plants (wheat, peas, corn) was studied. The advantages of the preparation are demonstrated, which contains not only antibiotic and enzymatic complexes, synthesized by the producer, but also its biomass for the stimulation of seed germination processes, growth and development of the said plants seedlings.

The proposed process description of biological product Streptofungin-Phyto production in two forms is the basis for engineering development and operating regulations. The preparation can be developed as a suspension with a cell titer of 109 CFU/cm3 in PET-containers (2 – 5 l) or as a dried mass in plastic bags (1 – 2 kg).

The biological product can be recommended for use on the stage of pre-planting treatment of seeds by soaking, as well as deep root watering and irrigation. The remedy is safe for humans, animals and plants and can be used together with other microbial mass-based biofertilizers.
THE STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF THE PROCESS OF MECHANICAL ADDITIONAL CLEANING ON THE SURFACE ONION LAYER AT COMBINED PROCESS OF CLEANING
Authors: Tereshkin Oleg , Horielkov Dmytro , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii
Published: December 2016

The one of the ways of solving question of high-quality cleaning of vegetables is the use of combined methods of cleaning, their study and creation of equipment. The improvement of process for its realization and equipment support at trade enterprises, restaurant economy and mini-factories is a topical task. The expedience of elaboration and introduction of combined processes and equipment for their realization at institutions of the restaurant economy and vegetable-processing enterprises give a possibility to exclude the additional equipment for calibration, sorting, washing, additional cleaning. It, in its turn, will provide the safety at production, favoring the more rational use of resources.

The one of most prospective directions of intensification of process of cleaning of the vegetable raw material is an elaboration of combined methods and new specialized apparatuses, which work principle is based on combination of the processes of cleaning of product.

The experimental setting was elaborated with correspondent methodology that allows carry out the study of process of cleaning of onion with possible determination of influence of all its parameters on the percent of the raw material losses and effectiveness of product cleaning. It is provided due to the presence of work drum in experimental setting that rotates around its axis. The rotation frequency can be changed within the necessary diapason. The work drum has on its surface the special orifices for cutting off the inedible part of onion. The experimental setting also includes tensometric module that allows determine the effort of separation of peel from onion.

The use of apparatus for cleaning of onion will give a possibility to intensify process, to improve the quality of cleaning, to decrease the percent of raw material losses.
Possibilidades e Limites das Ações de Responsabilidade Social em Cooperativas
Authors: Chaves Carlos Jaelso Albanese , Vieira Francisco Giovanni David , Mendes Luciano , Bernardo-Rocha Eliza Emília Rezende
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as ações que resultam do Projeto de Responsabilidade Social desenvolvido por uma cooperativa, com o intuito de verificar se são ações de responsabilidade social ou obrigações cooperativistas. Para tanto, foi realizado um percurso teórico sobre cooperativismo e a responsabilidade social, servindo como base para atingir o objetivo proposto. Foi utilizada como análise dos dados, a técnica de análise de discurso, por ser o discurso parte do processo de construção social da realidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os atores envolvidos com o projeto social da cooperativa, buscando compreender, na visão dos atores, que pressupostos guiam e produzem sentido no discurso sobre a responsabilidade social, estabelecendo uma relação entre esse discurso e os princípios que guiam as discussões sobre o cooperativismo. Analisando os dados coletados nesta pesquisa, descobriu-se que, quando as cooperativas implementam um projeto de responsabilidade social, deixam de fortalecer o próprio cooperativismo, e que a responsabilidade social está intimamente ligada a um contexto empresarial, com o intuito de dirimir os problemas sociais. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o projeto de responsabilidade social desenvolvido nesse estudo de caso fere os princípios cooperativistas.
A Parceria Público-Privada no contexto da universalização do saneamento no Brasil
Authors: Leoneti Alexandre Bevilacqua , Santos Marcelo Elias dos , Costa André Lucirton , Oliveira Sonia Valle Walter Borges de
Published: December 2016

Nos últimos anos, o setor de saneamento tem recebido uma maior atenção governamental visando o equilíbrio e a universalização dos serviços. Todavia, neste novo cenário, um novo fator está impedindo a concretização da meta da universalização dos serviços de saneamento: a limitada capacidade de endividamento do setor público no país. Como meio para favorecer a participação do setor privado, o modelo conhecido como Parceria Público-Privada – PPP – tem sido adotado em outros países e recentemente foi inaugurado no Brasil, por meio de projeto de saneamento realizado pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – BNDES – para financiar obras no sistema de saneamento de Rio Claro (SP). Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa pretendeu, por meio de uma abordagem exploratória, verificar como foi realizado o primeiro investimento em saneamento por meio da PPP e discutir a função estratégica deste mecanismo no processo de universalização do saneamento no Brasil. Todavia, com base no caso apresentado, as principais conclusões sugerem que  a sustentabilidade dos agentes envolvidos deve ser garantida, no sentido de não permitir que interesses particulares sobreponham os públicos, ou vice-versa.
POLÍTICAS DE SEGURANÇA URBANA E TOLERÂNCIA ZERO NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Ricotta Giuseppe
Published: December 2016

Assim como aconteceu em outros países ocidentais, na Itália também o tema da percepção da segurança e da conexa questão da segurança da parte dos cidadãos assumiu um papel central no debate público. A resposta que as instituições têm dado a esta pergunta, seja em termos retóricos ou práticos, se ressentiu dos efeitos da politização desta questão, desejável para a mídia e para os políticos, e sujeita a dinâmicas típicas do populismo. A especificidade italiana está no papel jogado nos últimos vinte anos dos entes locais, e em particular dos sindicatos, na construção do tema segurança urbana. Este último foi declinado seja em termos de programas de nova prevenção, e pelo melhoramento da qualidade de vida e do decoro urbano, seja em termos punitivos, com referimento ao slogan da “tolerância zero”.  O ano de 2007, sob a onda de uma série de brutais delitos acontecidos em Roma, foi decisivo para o sucesso da segunda destas duas leituras, alarmista e emotiva, não de todo libertas de tons xenófobos. Justo nessa conjuntura se ampliou a dificuldade de um discurso autônomo e eficaz sobre segurança urbana, da parte do “centro-esquerda”.
CONSIDERAÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS SOBRE O INATISMO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS UNIVERSAIS: APORTES PARA A DIGNADE HUMANA
Authors: Grubba Leilane Serratine
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objeto a epistemologia empirista metafísica e imaterialista de George Berkeley. Nesse sentido, objetivou investigar a crítica de Berkeley à abstração das ideias e a sua concepção imaterialista em frente ao desafio dos direitos humanos, ou seja, da vida digna. O artigo problematizou epistemologicamente o pensamento imaterialista de Berkeley e a necessidade da epistemologia materialista dos direitos humanos. Diante disso, em primeiro lugar, foi apresentada a teoria George Berkeley e a sua crítica à abstração das ideias. Para ele, as ideias abstratas não podem ser concebidas, Sequencialmente, foi analisada a concepção imaterialista de Berkeley, para a qual o mundo material não existe e o homem conhece apenas as suas sensações. Por fim, foi apresentada a ideia da materialidade como fundamento da vida digna, enquanto contraposição ao pensamento imaterialista de Berkeley. Considerou-se que os direitos humanos devem ser entendidos contextualmente, de modo a garantir a dignidade imanente e à satisfação das necessidades.
DIFÍCEIS TENTATIVAS DE UNIFORMIZAÇÃO JURÍDICA EM MATÉRIA DE DIREITO DO CONSUMIDOR NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA E NO MERCOSUL: EMPECILHOS AO APROFUNDAMENTO DA INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL
Authors: Fiorin Gomes Joséli
Published: December 2016

Os processos de integração regional são elemento inegável da realidade atual. Assim, importa o tratamento da aproximação das ordens jurídicas, para consolidar concordâncias quanto à regulação de suas atividades. Nessa trilha, o trabalho se destina a examinar a busca por aprofundamento da integração mediante a uniformização jurídica, verificando tentativas frustradas ocorridas em matéria de direito do consumidor na União Europeia e no MERCOSUL, a fim de, ao identificarem-se as semelhantes dificuldades enfrentadas em ambos os blocos, expor obstáculos à integração, questionando se há convergências possíveis ou necessárias que a condicionam. 
O SER-NO-MUNDO E A POLÍTICA DA VIDA: QUESTÕES ACERCA DA DESCARTABILIDADE HUMANA E PLANETÁRIA
Authors: Corrêa Darcisio , Corrêa Tobias Damião
Published: December 2016

O texto, a partir do pressuposto da finitude humana, aborda sucintamente as questões da ética, da cidadania e dos direitos humanos como referências teóricas para a abordagem da questão da descartabilidade do ser humano e do próprio planeta. Um dos eixos norteadores do artigo é a evolução das relações de trabalho num sistema de mercado globalizado e marcado pelo paradigma líquido-moderno. Conclui-se que a modernidade líquida, permeada pela flexibilidade, pela fluidez, pela mobilidade e pela fragmentação dos interesses coletivos afeta visivelmente o sentido do ser-no-mundo e da política da vida.
LIMITAÇÕES À EXTRAFISCALIDADE APLICÁVEIS AO FATOR ACIDENTÁRIO DE PREVENÇÃO – FAP
Authors: Pimenta Daniel
Published: December 2016

A determinação de um mecanismo como o FAP, que impõe alíquotas individuais majoradas da contribuição previdenciária a contribuintes que apresentam maiores índices de frequência de acidentes de trabalho e de concessão de benefícios previdenciários de ordem acidentária, desafia o intérprete a buscar suas conclusões nos pilares teóricos da extrafiscalidade, dada a enorme complexidade e riqueza do tema. O presente estudo procura analisar alguns aspectos atinentes à matéria, demonstrando em que peso os limites à extrafiscalidade podem interferir na sistemática implementada pelo poder tributante, e sob qual ótica o FAP, tal qual delimitado pelo legislador e pelas normativas reguladoras atuais sobre a matéria, pode representar riscos às garantias constitucionais definidas na ordem econômica e nas limitações ao poder de tributar.
COSMOPOLITISMO E GOVERNANÇA TRANSNACIONAL AMBIENTAL: UMA AGENDA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Cruz Paulo Márcio , Bodnar Zenildo
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo são analisados os desafios e perspectivas da governança transnacional ambiental a partir dos aportes teóricos sobre o cosmopolitismo, principalmente de Ulrich Beck. O artigo inicia com reflexões sobre os desafios globais da governança transnacional ambiental; prossegue com uma análise crítica do nacionalismo metodológico e é finalizado com reflexões sobre o cosmopolitismo e seus reflexos na governança global. A pesquisa constitui-se em um ensaio teórico, realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica para a busca de subsídios aos argumentos de abordagem indutiva.