bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic toxicological analysis in forensic and clinical laboratories: a challenging task of analytical chemistry
Authors: Pragst Fritz
Published: February 2025

This lecture text presents the chemical analysis used for the investigation of a suspected poisoning in clinical and forensic toxicology. Following the discussion of the huge number and structural diversity of toxic substances, typical indications of a poisoning are given, which derive from the case history, the site where the unconscious person or the corpse was found, clinical symptoms, external examination of the corpse, or autopsy results. The different human sample materials, especially venous blood, urine, and gastric content, used for toxicological analysis are discussed with respect to their advantages, drawbacks, and special use. The strategy of systematic toxicology, to test for as much as possible poisons with a minimum of analytical procedures, consists of four main directions: (1) preliminary pretests and specific single or group tests (e.g., for alcohol, carbon monoxide, cyanide, the classic illicit drugs as well as for insulin, fluoride, and sulfide); (2) screening with inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) or inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for toxic metals and metalloids; (3) headspace gas chromatography (GC) in combination with MS in case of suffocation in a gas atmosphere or toxic action of volatile substances and solvent abuse; (4) sophisticated combinations of sample preparation, liquid chromatography (LC) with UV-diode array detection and GC or LC with different kinds of MS for toxic nonvolatile organic substances, i.e., the largest group of poisons including therapeutic and illicit drugs, pesticides and warfare agents, and plant and mushroom poisons. Explanations of these techniques, the toxic mechanisms, symptoms, and analytical findings are described on the basis of literature and the personal experience of the author.
Macroeconomic and welfare effects of family policy: cash transfers vs in-kind benefits
Authors: Hagiwara Reona
Published: February 2025

A pressing issue facing many advanced countries, including Japan, is finding ways to increase fertility rates. This paper compares and evaluates the effects of two types of childcare policies—cash benefits (CB) and in-kind benefits (IB)—on fertility, labor supply, and welfare. For parents, while CB, such as child allowances, reduces the monetary cost of childcare, IB, such as public daycare centers, alleviates the time cost of childcare. I develop a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility for the Japanese economy. The model includes both single and married households and assumes that married couples face two key trade-offs: child quantity versus child quality and childcare time versus working time. Simulation results show that both childcare benefits lead to higher fertility rates. The demographic changes result in welfare gains for all future households due to a reduction in social security taxes. These positive effects are expected to be larger under IB, as these benefits also increase female labor supply. In terms of increasing fertility and welfare, IB is more effective for highly educated couples with high opportunity costs of having children, whereas CB is more effective for less educated couples.
Semi-infinite orbits in affine flag varieties and homology of affine Springer fibers
Authors: Bezrukavnikov Roman , Varshavsky Yakov
Published: February 2025

Let G be a connected reductive group over an algebraically closed field k, and let
$\operatorname {Fl}$
be the affine flag variety of G. For every regular semisimple element
$\gamma $
of
$G(k((t)))$
, the affine Springer fiber
$\operatorname {Fl}_\gamma $
can be presented as a union of closed subvarieties
$\operatorname {Fl}^{\leq w}_{\gamma }$
, defined as the intersection of
$\operatorname {Fl}_{\gamma }$
with an affine Schubert variety
$\operatorname {Fl}^{\leq w}$
.

The main result of this paper asserts that if elements
$w_1,\ldots ,w_n$
are sufficiently regular, then the natural map
$H_i(\bigcup _{j=1}^n \operatorname {Fl}^{\leq w_j}_{\gamma })\to H_i(\operatorname {Fl}_{\gamma })$
is injective for every
$i\in \mathbb Z$
. It plays an important role in our work [BV], where our result is used to construct good filtrations of
$H_i(\operatorname {Fl}_{\gamma })$
. Along the way, we also show that every affine Schubert variety can be written as an intersection of closures of semi-infinite orbits.
How to Do Humanities Internships
Authors: Wilson Lillian
Published: February 2025

Public humanities programs have the potential to engage diverse communities, while addressing the employability challenges faced by many humanities graduates. This article outlines how to build a humanities internship program that pays students to collaborate with local governments, museums, nonprofits, and healthcare organizations, on projects for public good. Through these mutually beneficial partnerships, students apply skills – such as writing, archival research, critical thinking, and data analysis – beyond the classroom, demonstrating the relevance of the humanities in real-world contexts. The article discusses key strategies for developing a sustainable program, including networking to build community partnerships, fundraising through small grants, and evaluating impact on all stakeholders. By reflecting on the successes and challenges of such a program, the article highlights the value of public humanities in preparing students for diverse careers while supporting community-driven projects.
Why participatory plant research now?
Authors: Correa Sofía , Charreyre Marie-Thérèse , Hamant Olivier , Thomas Mathieu
Published: February 2025

In the current polycrisis era, plant science, particularly when applied to agronomy, becomes instrumental: because our main substantial and renewable resource is plant biomass, many future solutions will depend on our ability to grow and transform plant material in a sustainable way. This also questions the way we conduct plant research and thus quantitative plant biology. In response to the increasing polarization between science and society, participatory plant research offers a pertinent framework. Far from moving away from quantitative approaches, participatory plant research builds on complexity associated with biology and situated knowledge. When researchers and citizens work together on societal issues, such friction becomes more fertile, quantitative questions become more complex, societal issues are addressed at their roots and outcomes often exceed that of top-down strategies. This article serves as an introduction to this ongoing bifurcation in plant science, using plant breeding as a key example.
Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in young children with moderate acute malnutrition: secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Burkina Faso
Authors: Helt Thora W. , Cichon Bernardette , Fabiansen Christian , Iuel-Brockdorff Ann-Sophie , Yaméogo Charles W. , Ritz Christian , Briend André , Michaelsen Kim F. , Filteau Suzanne , Friis Henrik , Christensen Vibeke B. , Grenov Benedikte
Published: February 2025

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important growth factor in childhood. We aimed to investigate the impact of food supplements for treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) on serum IGF-1 (sIGF-1). Secondary analysis of a randomized 2×2×3 factorial nutrition trial was performed. Children aged 6-23 months with MAM received 2093 kJ/day as lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB), containing either dehulled soy or soy isolate and different quantities of dried skimmed milk (0%, 20% or 50% of total protein) for 12 weeks. The trial was double-blind with regard to soy and milk, but not to matrix (LNS vs. CSB). sIGF-1 was measured at inclusion and after 12 weeks supplementation. Of 1609 children enrolled, 1455 (90%) had sIGF-1 measured at both time points. During supplementation sIGF-1 increased 6.7 (95%CI 6.1; 7.3) ng/ml compared with an expected age-dependent decrease of 0.3 (95%CI 0.2; 0.4) ng/ml. Children who received LNS vs. CSB had lower increase in sIGF-1 (-8%, 95%CI -12; -3). The effect of LNS was partly attenuated when sIGF-1 was corrected for inflammation. Children who received soy isolate compared with dehulled soy had higher increase in sIGF-1 (6%, 95%CI 1; 12). Milk content did not affect sIGF-1. Overall, sIGF-1 increased during supplementation. The lower increase with LNS vs. CSB was only partly explained by increased inflammation with LNS, and needs further investigation. Isolate vs. dehulled soy led to a higher increase which may be due to antinutrients in dehulled soy.
A NOTE ON CHARACTER SUMS OVER SHORT MOVING INTERVALS
Authors: Harper Adam J
Published: February 2025

We investigate the sums

$(1/\sqrt {H}) \sum _{X < n \leq X+H} \chi (n)$

, where

$\chi $

is a fixed non-principal Dirichlet character modulo a prime q, and

$0 \leq X \leq q-1$

is uniformly random. Davenport and Erdős, and more recently Lamzouri, proved central limit theorems for these sums provided

$H \rightarrow \infty $

and

$(\log H)/\log q \rightarrow 0$

as

$q \rightarrow \infty $

, and Lamzouri conjectured these should hold subject to the much weaker upper bound

$H=o(q/\log q)$

. We prove this is false for some

$\chi $

, even when

$H = q/\log ^{A}q$

for any fixed

$A> 0$

. However, we show it is true for ‘almost all’ characters on the range

$q^{1-o(1)} \leq H = o(q)$

.

Using Pólya’s Fourier expansion, these results may be reformulated as statements about the distribution of certain Fourier series with number theoretic coefficients. Tools used in the proofs include the existence of characters with large partial sums on short initial segments, and moment estimates for trigonometric polynomials with random multiplicative coefficients.
Faktorstruktur und Messkomplexität des BFI-K
Authors: Arens A. Katrin , Preckel Franzis
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Die Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory – der BFI-K ( Rammstedt & John, 2005 ) – ist ein im deutschen Sprachraum weit verbreitetes ökonomisches Instrument zur Erfassung der Big Five bei jungen Erwachsenen. Diese Studie untersucht die Faktorstruktur und Modellkomplexität des BFI-K bei Schülerinnen und Schülern, die in Klassenstufe 11 ( N = 1534) und 13 ( N = 1202) befragt wurden. Untersucht wird, ob methodisch-technische und inhaltliche Modellkomplexität vorliegen. Zur Untersuchung der methodisch-technischen Modellkomplexität werden korrelierte Residuen zwischen den acht zu rekodierenden Items integriert. Zur Untersuchung der inhaltlichen Modellkomplexität werden exploratorische Strukturgleichungsmodelle (ESEM) mit konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen verglichen. Zu beiden Messzeitpunkten zeigen ESEM-Modelle mit korrelierten Residuen die beste Modellpassung. Damit sind beide Quellen der Modellkomplexität in der Faktorstruktur des BFI-K vorhanden. Auf der Grundlage von ESEM-Modellen mit korrelierten Residuen werden Messinvarianz-Testungen über Messzeitpunkte und Geschlechtergruppen durchgeführt. Über beide Messzeitpunkte zeigen sich ein invariantes Faktormuster, invariante Ladungen und invariante Item-Intercepts, jedoch keine invarianten Residuen. Die Messinvarianz-Testungen über Geschlechtergruppen verweisen lediglich auf ein invariantes Faktormuster und invariante Ladungen.
Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
Authors: Chen Qiwen , Zhao Yuanhong , Zheng Bo , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2025

The climate impact of extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 has drawn great attention for their record‐high CO2 emissions. However, their climate impact extends beyond carbon. Fires also emit large amounts of reactive nitrogen, which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Through top‐down inversion of satellite observations, we estimate that the extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 emitted 2.6 Tg N yr−1 and 4.9 Tg N yr−1 of NH3, respectively, which are comparable to agricultural‐intensive regions, making boreal fires the second‐largest contributor to the global reactive nitrogen budget. Unlike tropical fires, which emit more NOx than NH3, boreal fires are characterized by high NH3 emissions. With global warming likely to increase wildfire frequency, the rising NH3 emissions from boreal fires could have significant implications for the nitrogen and carbon cycles in that nitrogen‐limited region, necessitating their consideration in future climate impact assessments.
Intrinsic Spatial Scales of River Stores and Fluxes and Their Relative Contributions to the Global Water Cycle
Authors: Wade Jeffrey , David Cédric H. , Collins Elyssa L. , Denbina Michael , Cerbelaud Arnaud , Tom Manu , Reager John T. , Frasson Renato P. M. , Famiglietti James S. , Lee Tong , Gierach Michelle M.
Published: February 2025

The Earth's rivers vary in size across several orders of magnitude. Yet, the relative significance of small upstream reaches compared to large downstream rivers in the global water cycle remains unclear, challenging the determination of adequate spatial resolution for observations. Here, we use monthly simulations of river stores and fluxes to investigate the intrinsic spatial scales of the global river water cycle. We frame these scale‐dependent river dynamics in terms of observational capabilities, assessing how the size of rivers that can be resolved influences our ability to capture key global hydrologic stores and fluxes. By filtering reaches by estimated river widths, we quantify the relative contribution of global river reaches by size and estimate that over 17% of global discharge to ocean and nearly 9% of the world's river storage lies within rivers smaller than 100 m—hence revealing both strengths and limitations of current observational capabilities.
Is OSSO a Significant Contributor to the Unknown UV Absorber in Venus' Atmosphere?
Authors: Egan Joanna V. , Feng Wuhu , James Alexander D. , Manners James , Marsh Daniel R. , Lebonnois Sébastien , Lefèvre Franck , Stolzenbach Aurélien , Plane John M. C.
Published: February 2025

It has been proposed that two isomers of the SO dimer (cis‐ and trans‐OSSO) are candidates for the unknown UV absorber in Venus' atmosphere because they have a good spectral match with the absorber, despite the low concentrations predicted by 1D photochemical models. Here OSSO chemistry (production from SO and loss by photolysis, thermal decomposition, and reaction with O and Cl) has been included in the photochemistry scheme of a 3D planetary climate model (PCM‐Venus) along with sulfur injection due to meteoric ablation. 1D multiple scattering radiative transfer modeling is then used to predict the resulting top‐of‐the‐atmosphere reflectance produced by OSSO. The modeled OSSO concentrations are shown to be ∼3 orders of magnitude too low to explain the observed absorbance levels, and the predicted ratio of the OSSO isomers provides an unsatisfactory match to the spectral shape of the unknown absorber.
Cenozoic Crustal Shortening and Structural Transition in the NW Yunnan Basin Region, SE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Wang Yang , Morley Chris K. , Li Zhangjun , Zhang Jinjiang , Zhang Peizhen
Published: February 2025

Striking changes in kinematics and deformation styles often occur in convergent orogens in the later stages of their tectonic evolution, such as in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which transitioned from transpression to transtension and experienced kinematic reversal on regional fault systems since the Miocene, approximately 40 Ma after the initial collision. This shift has long been identified, but the spatial patterns of onset and driving mechanisms are controversial, hindering an understanding of the processes and dynamics of intracontinental orogeny. This issue is addressed for the NW Yunnan basin region in the SE Tibetan Plateau, by an integrative study of apatite (U‐Th)/He and fission track thermochronology along with structural and sedimentary analysis. Late Eocene to Oligocene/early Miocene approximately E‐W shortening resulted in thrust and fold systems, widespread exhumation, and topographic uplift. Combined with existing data, this region underwent a transition to transtension during the late Miocene‐Pliocene, forming basin‐and‐range style landscapes. The crustal deformation and kinematics of major active faults based on newly processed geophysical data indicates crustal thickening in a hyper‐oblique convergent zone may have raised the crustal temperature at depth and weakened the long‐term strength of the lower crust and upper mantle, especially in the presence of water. Such lithospheric conditions are more prone to localized tectonics and can cause late‐stage orogenic gravitational collapse, driving striking structural transition in the NW Yunnan basin region.
Modeling of Low‐Velocity Non‐Darcian Flow With Nonlinear Consolidation in a Leaky Aquifer System Induced by a Fully Penetrating Confined Well
Authors: Meng Xianmeng , Zhang Wenjuan , Wang Qu , Yin Maosheng , Liu Dengfeng
Published: February 2025

Existing groundwater flow models for leaky aquifer systems rarely consider the consolidation effects of aquitards. Neglecting these effects can significantly impact the accuracy of groundwater flow simulations within such systems. To address this issue, this paper develops a model that describes unsteady flow within a leaky aquifer system incorporating nonlinear consolidation. The flow in both unconfined and confined aquifers is radial one‐dimensional Darcian flow, whereas the flow in the aquitard is vertical one‐dimensional non‐Darcian flow, considering nonlinear consolidation. The finite difference method is used to solve the model, and the difference between the results obtained with and without considering consolidation effects is examined. The findings indicate that the groundwater head in the confined aquifer, when considering the effects of consolidation, is higher than that in the confined aquifer without consolidation effects. Initially, this difference in confined groundwater head increases rapidly with time, and then progressively decreases. The magnitude of this difference is positively correlated with the aquitard's compressibility index and permeability index, as well as with the pumping rate. Conversely, it is negatively correlated with the aquitard's threshold hydraulic gradient and initial void ratio, the confined aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and specific storage, and the unconfined aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. During the early period of pumping, the difference is positively correlated with the aquitard's initial vertical hydraulic conductivity; however, this correlation reverses in the late period of pumping. Finally, a case study is employed to validate the effectiveness of the developed model.
Keeping them distant for ultimate brightness
Authors: Stremel Maximilian , Suta Markus
Published: February 2025

While strong absorption is best achieved with high activator concentrations, luminescence brightness typically suffers in that case due to energy migration and concentration quenching. The teams around Xia and Zhong have reported about an aphthitalite-type Eu-activated phosphate that breaks with this paradigm and enables the sustainment of high photoluminescence quantum yields (>40%) up to concentrations as high as 70 mol% Eu. Mixing of that phosphor with a low (0.8%) and high (70%) Eu fraction results in almost natural white light with excellent color rendition and correlated color temperature that could serve as a new instructive concept for next-generation phosphor-converted white LEDs.
Study of the protrusion of through-silicon vias in dual annealing-CMP processes for 3D integration
Authors: Liu Tianjian , Wang Shizhao , Dong Fang , Xi Yang , Zhang Yunpeng , He Tao , Sun Xiang , Liu Sheng
Published: February 2025

The technology of through-silicon via (TSV) is extensively employed for achieving dense 3D integration. TSV facilitates the electrical interconnection of various layers of integrated circuits in a vertical orientation, thereby allowing for the creation of sophisticated and space-efficient systems that incorporate diverse functionalities. This work reports TSV fabrication with dual annealing-CMP processes to explore the influence of annealing and CMP processes on the evolution of TSV-Cu microstructures and protrusions. The results show that the dual CMP process can effectively reduce protrusion at high temperatures. The Cu protrusion height increased as both the annealing temperature and duration increased, which was consistent with the high-temperature annealing results, whereas a random phenomenon occurred under 250 °C annealing. A phase field model related to the TSV grain size was established to quantitatively explore the grain morphology distribution and thermal-mechanical behavior. The results show that the strain in copper is nonuniform and that the degree of plastic deformation for each grain is closely related to its distribution. The quantity of grains within the TSV is the most important factor for protrusion. As the average grain size increases, the prominence of copper grain protrusions within TSV intensifies, and the anisotropy of the Cu grains becomes more pronounced. The thermal-mechanical behavior strongly depends on the grain orientation near the top of the TSV, which can cause TSV protrusion irregularities. This work may provide more opportunities to design high-performance TSV preparation methods from the viewpoint of the dual CMP process.
Interface flexibility controls the nucleation and growth of supramolecular networks
Authors: Caroprese Vincenzo , Tekin Cem , Cencen Veronika , Mosayebi Majid , Asmari Navid , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Woolfson Derek N. , Fantner Georg E. , Bastings Maartje M. C.
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular networks are abundantly present in nature and, like crystalline materials, often develop from an initial nucleation site, followed by growth based on directional interactions between components. Traditionally, the binding strength and directionality of interactions is thought to dictate nucleation and crystal growth, whereas structural flexibility favours defects. Usually, macromonomers present multiple binding sites with relative intramolecular flexibility, but the effects of such flexibility on regulating network formation have been given little attention. Here we introduce the concept of ‘interface flexibility’ and demonstrate its critical importance in the nucleation and growth of supramolecular networks. As a model system, we use trisymmetric DNA-based macromonomers, which organize into hexagonal networks through weak π–π interactions at their tips. The directional nature and low spatial tolerance of π–π interactions mean that small shifts in orientation have a large effect on effective valency. We show that too much interface flexibility disrupts network formation, regardless of affinity. Tuning the interface flexibility greatly expands the available design space for synthetic supramolecular materials.
Design and development of electrostatic brakes on the filament level
Authors: Böhnke Philippa R. C. , Schenk Nadja , Böhmer Carola , Winger Hans , Kruppke Iris , Nocke Andreas , Mersch Johannes , Altinsoy Ercan , Cherif Chokri
Published: February 2025

The Cluster of Excellence ‘Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI)’1 addresses developments and inventions for the use in or as smart devices in many areas, such as Industry 4.0, medicine and skill learning. The application of sensor units in smart textiles is widespread and used in various industry branches. Besides sensors, the development of textile actuating units is a relevant research topic. This paper discusses a theoretical actuator concept that leads to a ready-to-implement fiber-based electrostatic brake concept (passive actuator). Generally, the set-up is similar to a capacitor. Two different variants are presented according to the design of the dielectric and outer electrode layer. The dielectric material, its thickness, manufacturing process, future properties and implementation possibilities of the concepts are considered. Finally, a proof of concept with first results is presented.
Understanding learning through uncertainty and bias
Authors: Bruckner Rasmus , Heekeren Hauke R. , Nassar Matthew R.
Published: February 2025

Learning allows humans and other animals to make predictions about the environment that facilitate adaptive behavior. Casting learning as predictive inference can shed light on normative cognitive mechanisms that improve predictions under uncertainty. Drawing on normative learning models, we illustrate how learning should be adjusted to different sources of uncertainty, including perceptual uncertainty, risk, and uncertainty due to environmental changes. Such models explain many hallmarks of human learning in terms of specific statistical considerations that come into play when updating predictions under uncertainty. However, humans also display systematic learning biases that deviate from normative models, as studied in computational psychiatry. Some biases can be explained as normative inference conditioned on inaccurate prior assumptions about the environment, while others reflect approximations to Bayesian inference aimed at reducing cognitive demands. These biases offer insights into cognitive mechanisms underlying learning and how they might go awry in psychiatric illness.
Water disinfection via controlled release of biocides for reduced toxicity and extended shelf life: a review
Authors: Dixit Nandini , Singh Swatantra P.
Published: February 2025

Controlled release strategies can reduce harmful-by-product formation and promote sustainable practices by maintaining the release of biocides, enhancing their disinfection capability and shelf-life.
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitors screened from an Fv-antibody library for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Jung Jaeyong , Sung Jeong Soo , Kwon Soonil , Bae Hyung Eun , Kang Min-Jung , Jose Joachim , Lee Misu , Pyun Jae-Chul
Published: February 2025

TMPRSS2 inhibitors used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, which were screened from an Fv-antibody library.
Recent advances in nanozyme-based materials for environmental pollutant detection and remediation
Authors: Li Bei , Li Ping , Dong Ruijiao
Published: February 2025

This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and catalytic mechanisms of nanozyme-based materials and application in environmental pollutant detection and remediation, and discusses current challenges and an outlook for future.
Synthesis of acidic–basic Y zeolite from kaolin: catalytic and mechanism study in the cracking of polyethylene
Authors: Motamadnejad Samira , Gao Li , Tabar Heydar Kourosh , Panahi Reza , Zhang Bingsen , Shakeri Mozaffar
Published: February 2025

Acidic–basic Y zeolite achieved a higher yield of olefins production and less coke in the cracking of polyethylene by following a dual cracking mechanisms.
Improving the electrocatalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles through electronic coupling interaction with a Ni2P–MoS2 hybrid support for ethanol electro-oxidation in an alkaline medium
Authors: Matthews Thabo , Chabalala Makhaokane Paulina , Mbokazi Siyabonga Patrick , Zikhali Memory , Dolla Tarekegn Heliso , Šarakovskis Anatolijs , Vaivars Guntars , Yusuf Tunde Lewis , Mohamed Rhiyaad , Maxakato Nobanathi Wendy
Published: February 2025

Pd/Ni2P–MoS2 hybrid shows improved electrocatalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation. The interaction between Pd and the support enhances reaction kinetics and stability in alkaline environments, leading to better overall performance.
A liquid metal-based sticky conductor for wearable and real-time electromyogram monitoring with machine learning classification
Authors: Lin Zixin , Luo Mingmei , Liang Jiayi , Li Zijie , Lin Yanting , Chen Xiaman , Chen Baozhu , Peng Liang , Ouyang Yongchang , Mou Lei
Published: February 2025

This study presents an LM–PDMS sticky conductor with high conductivity, flexibility, and strong adhesion, achieving 83.33% accuracy in EMG-based muscle movement classification, demonstrating its potential for real-time monitoring and rehabilitation.
Novel ethyl 2-hydrazineylidenethiazolidin-5-ylidene acetate clubbed with coumarinylthiazolyl pyrazole system as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducer: synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, cell cycle, autophagy, in silico ADMET and molecular docking studies
Authors: Bawazir Wafa A. , Ali Tarik E. , Alsolimani Ayat K. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Shati Ali A. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Elbehairi Serag E. I.
Published: February 2025

Novel derivatives of ethyl 2-hydrazineylidenethiazolidin-5-ylidene acetate clubbed with coumarinylthiazolyl pyrazole system 5a–h were synthesized and assessed for their cytotoxic potential against the liver cancer cell lines Huh-7 and HepG-2.
Comparative studies of C4F7N‐based gas mixtures as the eco‐friendly alternative to SF6 for interrupting applications
Authors: Wang Wen , Yan Xianglian , Wang Hao , Gao Keli
Published: February 2025

To comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of using C4F7N‐based gas mixture as arc extinguishing medium, a comparative study is performed on the variations of the multi‐physical fields, gas flow environment and decomposition characteristics of the gas mixtures. A modified theoretical basis of the arc model developed for the C4F7N‐based gas mixture is presented in the work with particular emphasis on the non‐recombination features of C4F7N. This work also experimentally studies the electrical characteristics of the gas medium and the monitored parameters are also used to calibrate the arc model. The amount change of the seven dominant decomposing by‐products is analysed as well. The results present that the C4F7N/CO2/O2 ternary gas mixture exhibits a more promising interrupting performance. Increasing the O2 concentration from 5% to 10% has less effects on the arc characteristics, but it could suppress the formation of CO. The arc behaviour of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture is also improved with increasing the velocity of the moving components. The findings provide important insights into the potential of C4F7N‐based gas mixtures as one of the sustainable and effective solutions for high‐voltage interrupting applications.
Preface
Authors: Stanimirović Predrag , Stupina Alena , Kovalev Igor , Mourtas Spyridon , Sahoo Jajati Keshari
Published: February 2025

The preface provides an overview of the III International Workshop “Hybrid Methods of Modeling and Optimization in Complex Systems” (HMMOCS-III 2024), held from December 2-4, 2024, in Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation. The workshop brought together international experts to discuss advanced topics in mathematical modeling, optimization, and complex systems. The proceedings contain 50 selected papers reflecting the latest advancements in hybrid methods and interdisciplinary approaches to modeling and optimizing complex systems.
The software for simulating the operation of the spherical nuclear reactor
Authors: Zaronov Danila , Provorny Ivan , Chumakov Ivan , Pokushko Mariia , Karaseva Margarita
Published: February 2025

The paper presents simulation of the processes of starting, operating and stopping a spherical nuclear reactor. A software package was developed. This makes it possible to visualize reactor’s dynamics and evaluate its characteristics. Mathematical models describing the behavior of the reactor in various operating modes were investigated. Key physical processes were analyzed, such as neutron generation and diffusion, heat transfer, and control rod dynamics. Parameters affecting the stability and safety of the system's operation were identified. Methods for using the model for design, analysis and training in the field of nuclear energy are identified.
Mental health evaluation during internet blackouts: A case study of Bangladesh Quota Movement
Authors: Rafi Mohammad Ariful Islam , Islam Tahidul
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the psychological effects of internet blackouts during the Bangladesh Quota Movement in July 2024, when the government shutdown internet access to control information flow. The disruption severely affected communication, financial transactions, and access to essential services, exacerbating stress, tension, and feelings of isolation. A survey of 980 participants using 20 questions assessed behavioural, emotional, and psychological impacts, particularly in academic, work, and social contexts. Results revealed varying stress levels, from minimal to extreme, reflecting widespread distress. Machine learning models were employed to classify the stress levels, with the Decision Tree model achieving 55% accuracy, the Random Forest model improving to 67%, and XGBoost performing better than both with over 94% accuracy. These findings highlight the utility of advanced algorithms in modelling mental health impacts, aiding policymakers in preparing targeted interventions and allocating resources to mitigate psychological effects during future disruptions.
Use of available engineering tools for modelling in multiple industries
Authors: Khaliev Magomed , Deunezhev Zalim , Dubovik Natalia
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the diverse applications of modern engineering tools across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, robotics, and education. The study examines popular software packages such as SolidWorks, Ansys, Abaqus, Fusion360, and Inventor, highlighting their specific capabilities and uses in different sectors. In agriculture, these tools are utilized for equipment design, structural analysis, and safety improvements in production systems. The medical field benefits from engineering software for instrument development, analysis of human body parts, and treatment planning. Robotics heavily relies on these tools for part design, assembly, mobility analysis, and simulation of various scenarios. The educational sector, while currently underutilizing these tools, shows potential for increased integration to foster innovation and practical skills among students. The paper also touches on the use of engineering tools in entertainment and hobbyist applications. Looking towards the future, the study predicts significant advancements in engineering tools, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence. These developments are expected to enhance intuitive design, simplify analysis processes, and expand capabilities for handling complex structures. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the widespread adoption and versatility of engineering tools across multiple industries, emphasizing their crucial role in technological advancement and innovation.
Design and analysis of a specialized rover to overcome various unpredictable obstacles
Authors: Aygumov Timur , Alikhadzhiev Saidmagomed , Unachev Islam
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the steps made modelling marsrover structure in software SolidWorks and its analysis on certain aspects. The importance of structure and its mechanical capabilities is related to its compatibility with the environment. When the environment is unpredictable and unexplored the chance of stable functioning falls into the abyss. However, being prepared for various obstacles and challenges increases the chance of the mechanism performing what it was intended to do. Therefore, the structure build in this work will be analyses with different amendments to understand it potential in an environment that promises only challenges. This work provides brief introduction on the history of marsrover landing and its importance in context of exploration. All the steps of the structure modelling are illustrated, and the analysis of structure capabilities is presented.
Analysis and modeling of digital solutions in medical database management
Authors: Rakhimov Bakhtiyar , Rakhimova Feruza , Saidov Atabek , Saidova Zarina
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the integration of computer vision techniques within medical database management systems, focusing on their potential to enhance data accuracy and operational efficiency in healthcare. The study analyzes current methodologies and proposes enhancements based on recent technological advancements, particularly in graphics processor architectures. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and computational modeling, with a detailed examination of the G80 graphics processor architecture. The Viola-Jones method is utilized as a model algorithm for object detection in medical images, implemented using the OpenCV library. The study evaluates the algorithm's performance on 1024x1024 pixel images, varying parameters such as sliding window size, scaling factor, and number of classifiers. A novel method for locating key areas in medical images using Haar-like and contour features is proposed and evaluated on a dataset of MRI images. The results demonstrate superior performance compared to reference techniques, maintaining over 90% accuracy in locating key areas even with a database of 200 images. This high accuracy is attributed to expanded Haar-like feature templates, efficient computation using integral images, and a comprehensive contour feature extraction process. The paper concludes that the proposed method shows promise for enhancing medical image analysis and computer-aided diagnosis.
Quantum computing and artificial intelligence: A synergy for the future
Authors: Aleroev Muslim , Arvanova Saniyat , Makienko Danila
Published: February 2025

One of the promising technologies that we will have in the nearest future is related to quantum mechanics. With the powerful tool such as artificial intelligence that we have right now, it is hard to imagine what it will become with the new technology. Quantum computing is one of the promising technologies that will further elevate various areas. This article delves into the basics of this technology and its use with artificial intelligence. The two technologies are capable of unimaginable changes in our world. The possible advantages of the two technologies will be covered in this article. Some drawbacks that they will bring with them are also covered.
Comparison of clustering of 16S and 5S RNA genes of bacteria by their triplet composition
Authors: Ovchinnikova Iuliia , Leonov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

The study of biological macromolecules such as RNA and the search for novel methods to analyze them is a crucial task due to their fundamental importance in all living organisms. Currently, analyzing the information stored in the genome is a complex process, and it is essential to find new ways to comprehend the functions and structures of genes and their interactions. This paper analyzes the clustering of bacteria based on the triplet composition of 5S and 16S RNA genes using elastic maps derived from frequency dictionaries of triplets. We have created indexed databases of 16S and 5S RNA genes and performed a comparative analysis of their clustering. We have determined the taxonomic composition of the identified clusters and analyzed the relationship between the structure of these clusters and the taxonomy of the bacteria.
Comparison of cluster and classical approaches to issuing training information in adaptive learning systems
Authors: Polyansky Konstantin , Kovalev Igor
Published: February 2025

A comparison of cluster and classical approaches to issuing training information in adaptive training systems is performed. The adaptive training method of L.A. Rastrigin based on the frequency multilingual dictionary on system analysis and information technology is taken as a basis. The quality criterion of training of this method is configured to interact with the correlation matrix of terms obtained during the frequency analysis of the collection of text corpora. The resulting cluster approach shows better results compared to the classical one in the context of issuing terms that are most relevant to the lexical goals of the learner.
Innovative educational techniques: Exploring the potential of edutainment and gamification
Authors: Kachhwaha Neetu , Magomedov Islam , Aun Danil
Published: February 2025

In an era where digital distractions dominate the attention of younger generations, the educational sector faces significant challenges in maintaining student engagement and improving learning outcomes. This article explores the integration of edutainment and gamification as transformative approaches that merge entertainment with education, presenting new possibilities for both educators and learners. Edutainment leverages multimedia and interactive platforms to make learning enjoyable and accessible, while gamification uses game-based elements to enhance knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The benefits of these methods are manifold, offering personalized learning environments, fostering collaboration, and promoting creativity. However, the challenges of digital literacy, infrastructure limitations, and the need for balanced game design pose significant hurdles. An educator’s struggle starts with a facility of digital laboratories, grant acceptance for the generated idea, checking feasibility and applicability, digital literacy, designing a gamified curriculum, and sharing educational asset platforms. This paper also addresses future prospects, emphasizing the growing importance of these techniques in shaping the educational landscape of tomorrow.
Neural network-based vehicle control in simulated environments using real-coded genetic algorithms
Authors: Shabalin Denis , Stanovov Vladimir
Published: February 2025

This research explores a method of optimizing neural networks for vehicle control in a simulation environment using a real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA). The study focuses on applying RCGA in conjunction with multiple genetic operators, including simulated binary crossover (SBX), power mutation (PM), and tournament selection, to evolve neural network weights and biases, enhancing control performance for simulated vehicles. By utilizing RCGA to adjust neural network parameters, the approach enables adaptive and efficient vehicle control. The experiments demonstrate that combining sensor data with neuroevolutionary optimization in a simulation leads to a highly reliable control system, achieving performance metrics comparable to human operators. These findings suggest that RCGA-based optimization methods can be effectively applied to complex dynamic systems in various technical fields.
High-power femtosecond mid-IR source with tunable center frequency and chirp
Authors: Boie Larissa , Strudwick Benjamin H. , Winkler Rafael T. , Deng Yunpei , Johnson Steven L.
Published: February 2025

We present an experimental implementation of a chirped mid-infrared (mid-IR) high-power laser source with variable center frequency between 4 and 30 THz and continuously tunable frequency sweep of up to 20% within one pulse, with a pulse duration of 2 ps. The peak electric field obtained at 4 THz is 1.5 MV/cm. We generate the mid-IR light using a difference-frequency generation process with two phase-locked, chirped IR pulses. The obtained mid-IR electric field waveform is characterized using electro-optic sampling. We compare our experimental results with the predictions of numerical simulations. The results indicate the potential for efficient driving of vibrational modes into a strongly anharmonic regime, in cases where using Fourier-transform-limited pulses to achieve similar vibrational amplitudes would lead to dielectric breakdown.
Fast calculation methods for the magnetic field of particle lattices
Authors: Royo-Silvestre Isaac , Gandia David , Beato-López J. J. , Garaio Eneko , Gómez-Polo Cristina
Published: February 2025

With the rise of 3D printing and composite materials, components comprising dispersed magnetic particles have become more interesting due to the possibility to design magnetic elements of any shape with varying amounts of the actual magnetic material. However, quick and easy calculation methods are needed to design these components enabling the selection of the optimum required percentage of magnetic particles (millimeter parts contain billions of micro-sized particles). This work proposes a semi-analytical iterative method for the estimation of the magnetic field generated by magnetic composites formed by embedded magnetic particles. The model is compared in terms of accuracy and calculation speed with finite element analysis and the average magnetization model of the magnetic composite. The results are finally supported by the comparison with experimental measurements of the weak magnetic field generated by a magnetic particle lattice.
Developing flow cytometry for precise evaluation of amphibian sperm viability: technical report
Authors: Jacobs Leah , Hammond Talisin , Calatayud Natalie , Byrne Patricia , Jensen Thomas
Published: February 2025

Context In the past decade, flow cytometry has become a useful tool for evaluating cellular viability characteristics for non-domestic animals such as non-human primates, marine animals, and birds. This technology has the potential to vastly improve sperm-quality assessments, concentration counts and cell sorting in a more time-efficient and reliable manner. Aims The study aimed to validate the efficacy of using flow cytometry for amphibian sperm by comparing its results with those obtained through traditional means of sperm-quality assessment. Methods Sperm samples were collected from testes macerates of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and subjected to both flow cytometry and microscopy analyses. Flow cytometry allowed for the simultaneous assessment of sperm viability and concentration by using fluorescent probes, whereas microscopy provided a traditional means of assessing sperm characteristics. Key results Sperm concentrations measured by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy were highly correlated, although flow cytometry methods estimated higher concentrations. Sperm viability measured by flow cytometry and that measured by fluorescent microscopy were not significantly correlated and were significantly different, varying by only ~8% in viability, on average. Conclusions Although flow cytometry overestimated concentration and live/dead assessments, the discrepancies were slight enough to indicate that flow cytometry can still be a valuable method for assessing amphibian sperm. Implications These results validated the utility of flow cytometry as a reliable tool for assessing amphibian sperm viability and concentration, offering a promising alternative to traditional, time-consuming methods.
漢語量級組構搭配之實證探究
Authors: Wang Yun-Han , Yu Anwei , Hsiao Huichen S.
Published: February 2025

The “degree adverb-adjective” structure is a common means of expressing degree in Chinese and has been extensively
studied in other languages. Therefore, this structure provides an ideal focus for examining the
effects of boundedness and ordering on the configurational harmony of scalar collocations in Chinese. This study analyzes
experimental data from Chinese native speakers to investigate their usage of the “degree adverb-adjective” structure and the
factors affecting the configuration of the “degree adverb-adjective” structure. The results indicate that most experimental items
were affected by the scalar degree of the collocating adjectives and adverbs. Furthermore, Chinese native speakers’ inferences
regarding the “degree adverb-adjective” structure are influenced by the semantic constraints of the degree adverbs, which affect their collocative potential with adjectives with adjectives. Context is also a significant factor influencing the collocations in terms of the standard
shift of the predicate, thereby enabling adjectives to express different scales in varying contexts.