bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The number of independent subsets and the energy of caterpillars under degree restriction
Authors:   , Xhanti Sinoxolo
Published: December 2024

The energy En(G) of a graph G is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. The Hosoya index Z(G) of a graph G is the number of independent edge subsets of G, including the empty set. And, the Merrifield-Simmons index σ(G) of a graph G is the number of independent vertex subsets of G, including the empty set. The studies of these three graph invariants are motivated by their application in chemistry, combined with pure mathematical interests. In particular, they can be used to predict boiling points of saturated hydrocarbons and estimate the total π-electron energy. For ℓ ≥ 1, let a1, a2, . . . , aℓ be non-negative integers, such that a1 and aℓ are positive. The tree obtained from the path graph of vertices v1, v2, . . . , vℓ, by attaching ai new leaves to vi, for 1 ≤ i ≤ ℓ, is called a (a1, a2, . . . , aℓ)-caterpillar and denoted by C(a1 + 1, a2 + 2, . . . , aℓ−1 + 2, aℓ +1). In this thesis, we characterize extremal caterpillars relative to the energy, the Hosoya index and the Merrifield-Simmons index. We first study caterpillars with the same degree sequence, then compare caterpillars of the same size, same order, and different degree sequence. For any given degree sequence D, we characterize the caterpillar X(D) that maximizes Z and En. In X(D), as we move along the internal path towards the center, the degrees are in a nondecreasing order. Characterization of the caterpillar S(D) that has the minimum Z and En and maximum σ is also provided. In S(D), large and small degrees alternate.
Nonlinear Problem Involving the Fractional P(x)-Laplacian Operator by Topological Degree
Authors:   Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Ait Hammou Mustapha
Published: December 2024

This paper is concerned with the study of a nonlinear problem involving the fractional p(x)-Laplacian operator. By means of the Berkovits degree theory, we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions for this problem. The appropriate functional framework for this problem is the fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponent.
Permanence Analysis for Continuous and Discrete-time Generalized Lotka-Volterra Models with Delay and Switching of Parameters
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleksandrov Alexander Yur'evich
Published: December 2024

The paper is addressed to the permanence problem for a generalized Lotka-Volterra system modeling interaction of species in a biological community. The impact of a constant delay and switching of parameters on the dynamics of the system is taken into account. Our analysis is based on the Lyapunov direct method. An original construction of a Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional is proposed. The conditions for the existence of such a functional are formulated in terms of feasibility of special systems of linear algebraic inequalities. It is proved that, under these conditions, the investigated system is permanent for any constant positive delay and any admissible switching signal. In addition, a discrete-time counterpart of the considered model is studied for which the permanence analysis is fulfilled, as well. A comparison of the obtained permanence conditions with known ones is provided. It is shown that the constraints on the system parameters derived in this paper are less conservative.
Celebrating Universality: A Comparative Study of British Romantic and Islamic Sufi Poetry
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of English. School of Humanities & Languages, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India., Hazri Kalyani
Published: December 2024

Sufism is an Islamic mystic tradition that dates back to the 7th century Asia while Romanticism is a mid-eighteenth-century phenomenon that flourished in Europe. Nonetheless, there are remarkable similarities that can be traced in the poetic outputs and aesthetic aspirations of both movements. Sufi mystic poetry is more abstract, while Romantics utilized concrete imagery in their poems. Nonetheless, both of these movements celebrated God/universality as the highest ideal. In both schools, the key to reaching the universal lies within the individual. Writers and philosophers of both these schools give importance to the natural world and the essential nature of things. Nature is the primary focus in both schools. The word Sufi has come from Arabic Suf which has connotations to pure wool or purity of heart. It reflects the nearness to the world of nature as well as to the innocence of the heart. Romantics, similarly, eulogized nature. They also celebrated the purity and innocence of the heart. “Child is a father of man”, writes Wordsworth. A child is also a symbol of innocence and purity and harmony with nature: things that Romantics aspired for. The paper endeavors to comparatively study the select renowned Romantic poets and Sufi poets to come up with new insights and to reach a better understanding of both schools.
Barış yaşatır; Gazze’de çocuk sağlığı
Authors: Battaloğlu İnanç Betül
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Gazze’de çatışmalar devam ederken çocukların sağlığı ile ilgili verilere ulaşıp, değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Yöntemler: Gazze’deki çocuk sağlığının değerlendirilmesinde, nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak veri toplama tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Veri elde edilmesi için açık kaynaktan belge toplama ve içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki dokümanlar, Google araştırma motoruna ‘‘Gazze ve çocuk sağlığı’’ anahtar kelimeleri yazılmış, taranan tüm haberlerden 2023 ve 2024 yıllarına ait olanlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Gazze’de çocuk sağlığı altı ana kategori altında incelenmiştir: Çocukluk çağı salgın hastalıklarından hepatit ve çocuk felci; cilt hastalıkları, uzuv kayıpları, ebeveynsiz ve refakatsiz kalan çocuklar; akut beslenme yetersizliği ve buna ikincil çocuk ölümleri; genel çocuk ölümleri; hizmet dışı kalan çocuk klinikleri.

Sonuç: Sağlıklı bir çocuk yaşamı, büyümesi ve gelişimi için barış ortamının sağlanabilmesi asıl hedeftir. Ancak, toplumda savaş ortamındaki çocukların maruz kaldığı sağlık sorunlarına yönelik farkındalığı artırarak, bu çocukların durumlarında bir iyileşme sağlayabilmek de önemli hedeflerden biri olabilir.
Assessment of health services in East Jerusalem: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Imam Asma , Hamdan Motasem , Akyön Şeyma Handan , Ünal Kübranur
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aims to evaluate healthcare service delivery and population indicators in East Jerusalem (EJ) for use in health planning, evaluation, and decision-making at both institutional and policy levels.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted. The quantitative component involved a household survey that assessed health conditions and healthcare utilization across 3,747 households, covering 16,433 individuals. The qualitative component included semi-structured interviews with healthcare institution managers.

Results: Among children, respiratory illnesses (0.50%) and cardiovascular diseases (0.30%) were the most common. In adults, diabetes (4.32%) and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension (2.84%), were prevalent. The five hospitals in EJ, with a total of 651 beds, serve residents of EJ, the West Bank, and Gaza. In 2018, EJ hospitals treated over 80,000 inpatients and 240,000 outpatients. The Palestinian Ministry of Health referred 43,256 cases to EJ hospitals, accounting for 40% of all external referrals. Smoking prevalence among adults over 18 was 29.0%. Rehabilitation services were available in 55% of health centers, but mental health services were limited. Around 63% of patients expressed satisfaction with healthcare services, though language barriers and long wait times were issues when referred to Israeli hospitals.

Conclusions: EJ hospitals operate near capacity, providing essential tertiary healthcare services and managing substantial referrals from the West Bank and Gaza. Key challenges include long waiting times, high competition among healthcare centers, and shortages in mental health, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation staff. Drug use, particularly in Shu’fat, is a significant social issue. Although patient satisfaction is high, Israeli hospitals are often preferred due to their advanced technologies. There is a clear need to invest in local healthcare centers, improve service quality, and increase specialized care availability, particularly in diagnostics, rehabilitation, and mental health services.
Behind the Rubble: Psychological trauma of wars and human rights abuses on women and children in Gaza
Authors: Farajallah Iman
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the severe psychological trauma experienced by women and children in Gaza, resulting from prolonged conflict, occupation, and repeated Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) assaults. The Israeli blockade and frequent attacks have generated a pervasive environment of violence that continuously undermines the mental health of Gaza’s population, with women and children being particularly vulnerable. Many are affected by Complex Continuous Traumatic Stress (CCTS), a condition arising from chronic trauma exposure without respite. This trauma has manifested in significant mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, developmental delays, and cognitive impairments. The genocidal violence since October 7th, 2023, has intensified these issues, with indiscriminate killings and the destruction of essential infrastructure further devastating the population. While mental health interventions have been proposed, this paper argues that meaningful psychological recovery requires addressing the root causes of the ongoing conflict. It concludes that the mental health crisis in Gaza is deeply interconnected with the Israeli Occupation and that a comprehensive approach involving the restoration of fundamental human rights and the cessation of hostilities is essential for true psychological healing.
Osmanlı dönemi Filistin’de sağlığa bakış
Authors: Özdinç Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Filistin’de sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerini, sosyal yardımları ve bunların bugünkü Filistin üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tarihsel bir perspektif sunarak, Filistin’in sağlık altyapısının Osmanlı dönemi politikalarıyla şekillendiği argümanını temellendirmektedir. Çalışma, sağlık hizmetlerinin vakıf sistemiyle organize edilmesinin toplumda dayanışmayı nasıl teşvik ettiğini ve modern sağlık hizmetleriyle olan rekabetin sosyal yapıya etkilerini analiz etmektedir.

Yöntemler: Tarihsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri, akademik makaleler ve saha araştırmaları incelenmiştir. Çalışma, kolera ve cüzzam gibi salgın hastalıklarla mücadelede alınan önlemler, misyoner faaliyetlerinin sağlık alanındaki etkileri ve Osmanlı’nın sosyal dayanışma mekanizmalarına odaklanmıştır. Araştırma, Filistin’deki sağlık hizmetleri ve sosyal yardım sistemlerinin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almıştır.

Bulgular: Osmanlı Devleti, Filistin’de sağlık hizmetlerini vakıf sistemi aracılığıyla organize etmiş ve bu sistemin sürdürülebilirliği sayesinde halk sağlığını desteklemiştir. Kudüs, Yafa ve Gazze gibi merkezlerde kurulan hastaneler, karantina merkezleri ve su temini projeleri, sağlık altyapısının temel taşlarını oluşturmuştur. Misyonerlerin modern tıbbi cihazlarla donattıkları hastaneler, bölgedeki Osmanlı sağlık hizmetleriyle rekabet ederek halkın tercihlerine etki etmiştir. Ayrıca, savaşlar ve lojistik zorluklar, sağlık hizmetlerinin sürekliliğini zorlaştırmıştır.

Sonuç: Osmanlı dönemi Filistin’deki sağlık ve sosyal yardımlaşma politikaları, bugünkü Filistin’in sağlık ve sosyal refahına yönelik yaklaşımlar için tarihsel bir rehber sunmakta ve iki toplum arasındaki güçlü bağları sürdürmek adına bir köprü vazifesi görmektedir. Bu miras, yalnızca geçmişe ışık tutmakla kalmayıp gelecekteki iş birlikleri için bir temel oluşturmaktadır.
Brilha, brilha, estrelinha
Authors: Penafiel Kelly Jessie Queiroz , Gomes Maria De Fátima Cardoso
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de pesquisa longitudinal e etnográfica que teve como objetivo compreender como um grupo de crianças de três anos de idade se apropria dos letramentos no contexto de uma escola municipal de Educação Infantil. Partiu-se destes questionamentos: Quais vivências possibilitaram a construção de sentidos e significados para os letramentos? Como Lúcia se apropriou e construiu sentidos e significados para tais vivências? A pesquisa se pautou nos pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural e da Etnografia em Educação, cujos diálogos geraram o construto teórico-metodológico Afeto/Cognição Social Situada/Culturas/Linguagens em Uso (ACCL), que sustenta a unidade de análise Vivências/Letramentos. Considerou-se que, em 2017 e 2018, as atribuições de sentidos e significados de Lúcia se entrelaçaram na relação dialética entre o individual e o coletivo. As significações produzidas por ela, por meio da unidade de análise (Vivências/Letramentos), possibilitaram compreender o humano como social, inserido na cultura e construtor da cultura por meio das emoções.
Produção e qualidade pós-colheita de batata-doce cultivada no semiárido nordestino
Authors:   , Freitas Thaisy Gardênia Gurgel de
Published: December 2024

As práticas pré-colheitas podem alterar o sistema de produção e a qualidade de raízes de batata-doce, influenciando sua capacidade de armazenamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção, qualidade e a conservação pós-colheita de raízes de batata-doce cultivadas no semiárido nordestino. Foram implantados no campo três experimentos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em dois locais (Russas-CE e Upanema-RN), com três idades de colheita (120, 145 e 180 dias) e três tamanhos de raízes (pequenas, médias e grandes). O segundo experimento foi realizado com cinco doses de nitrogênio (10, 40, 75, 110 e 150 kg ha-1) e cinco tempos de armazenamento (0, 15, 30, 45, 60). O terceiro experimento foi realizado com cinco doses de potássio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) e cinco tempos de armazenamento (0, 15, 30, 45, 60), realizados na cidade de Russas-CE e com a colheita realizada aos 165 dias após o plantio. As raízes foram levadas para o Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da UFERSA, onde foram higienizadas, caracterizadas e armazenadas em câmara fria. As seguintes análises foram realizadas: Rendimento de raízes, número de raízes por planta, massa média de raízes, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, ratio, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, amido e perda de massa nos experimentos onde se avaliou armazenamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo o fator quantitativo (Tempo), analisados por regressão, utilizando o programa SISVAR. As raízes de batata-doce apresentaram maior rendimento e características de qualidade superior quando colhidas em Upanema-RN aos 180 dias. A maior produção de raízes foi observada nas raízes cultivadas na dose 150 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. As características de qualidade não sofreram alterações significativas na mesma dose. No experimento avaliando doses de potássio, observou-se maior produção de raízes no cultivo sob dose de 150 kg ha-1. Durante o armazenamento, verificou-se que aos 60 dias de armazenamento as raízes estavam com a qualidade desejada para comercialização
Soil retention processes of diuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides applied isolated and in mixture
Authors:   , Carneiro Gabriella Daier Oliveira Pessoa
Published: December 2024

The mixture of herbicides is an important tool used in the control of weeds in different
cultures. However, interactions between herbicide molecules can alter their retention
processes in the soil and, consequently, their effectiveness in controlling weeds and
potential for environmental impact. In this research, the effects of the mixture on the
kinetics and intensity of sorption and desorption in the soil of diuron, hexazinone and
sulfometuron-methyl applied separately were evaluated. The sorption kinetics was
estimaded of isolated and mixed binary and triple herbicides using the pseudo-first order
and pseudo-second order models. In the study of sorption and desorption, the Freundlich
model was used because it presents a better fit in relation to the Langmuir and Linear
models. Regardless of the herbicide, the mixture or the soil, adsorption occurred quickly
during the first hour, followed by a much slower stage progressing towards an apparent
equilibrium. The model, in general, that best fit the study was pseudo-second order, which
consists of adsorption in the monolayer. The concentration absorbed at equilibrium was
lower for the binary and ternary mixtures of the herbicides. The adsorption time and the
sorption capacity of the herbicides showed the following order of diuron> hexazinone>
sulfometuron-methyl in the dystrophic red Oxisol and diuron> sulfometuron-methyl>
hexazinone in the red-yellow Oxisol. The binary and ternary combinations between
diuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl reduced the sorption and desorption in the
soils compared to the isolated tests of these herbicides. The sorption and desorption of
hexazinone in soils is most affected by mixing with other herbicides. Sulfometuronmethyl
promotes greater reduction in the sorption of diuron in relation to hexazinone. The
mixture between diuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl increases the availability
of these herbicides in the aqueous phase of the soil allowing the use of lower rates in the
application compared to isolated applications. Higher availability also indicates a greater
potential for environmental contamination via leaching or surface runoff
Reação de acessos e herança da resistência Macrophomina phaseolina e efeito da temperatura na podridão cinzenta em meloeiro
Authors:   , Linhares Cheyla Magdala de Sousa
Published: December 2024

Apesar do meloeiro apresentar excelente adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas predominantes na região Nordeste brasileira, alguns fatores têm contribuído para a queda da produtividade e da qualidade dos frutos, tais como a ocorrência de doenças causada por microrganismos habitantes do solo, destacando-se a podridão cinzenta do caule, ocasionada por Macrophomina phaseolinaTassi (Goid.). Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: avaliar a reação de acessos, a herança da resistência a M. phaseolina, e o efeito da temperatura na podridão cinzenta em meloeiro. Para o estudo da reação foram avaliados 46 acessos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída por um vaso com uma planta. Realizou-se o semeio dos acessos diretamente nos vasos, contendo substrato comercial esterilizado. A inoculação deM. phaseolina foi realizada por meio da inserção direta do palito, infestado com estruturas do fungo próximo ao colo da planta aos 20 dias após a semeadura. Aos quinze dias após a inoculação do fungo, foi avaliada a severidade da doença utilizando uma escala de notas. No segundo experimento, investigou-se a herança da resistência do acesso Ag-15591Ghana (resistente) cruzado com In-PsPiñSp (suscetível). Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura, os acessos Ag-15591Ghana, Con-Pat81Ko, Ag-C38Nig, In-PsPiñSp, Can-NYIsr e Dud-QMPAfg foram inoculados pelo método do palito com o isolado Me-248 e mantidos em diferentes temperaturas (25, 28, 31 e 34ºC) durante dez dias. Observou-se variabilidade no germoplasma investigado para reação ao fungo. O acesso Ag-15591Ghana é resistente a M. phaseolina e sua resistência é controlada por um gene maior de efeito aditivo e dominante e poligenes de efeitos aditivos. A elevação da temperatura aumenta a severidade da podridão cinzenta causada por M. phaseolina em meloeiro. O acesso In-PsPiñSp é mais suscetível nas temperaturas 28, 31 e 34ºC. Os acessos Com-Pat81Ko, Ag-C38Nig, Can-NYIsr e Dud-QMPAfg são resistentes nas temperaturas 25, 28 e 31ºC, mas suscetíveis a 34ºC. O acesso Ag-15591Ghanaé uma fonte promissora para programas de melhoramento genético do meloeiro por ter sua resistência a M. phaseolina pouco alterada pelo aumento da temperatura
Tolerância de variedades crioulas de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) ao estresse salino
Authors:   , Praxedes Saulo Samuel Carneiro
Published: December 2024

O feijão-caupi é fonte de proteína e principal cultura de subsistência do semiárido brasileiro, onde a salinidade é fator limitante. O uso de variedades tolerantes ao estresse salino pode melhorar o rendimento agronômico em ambientes estressantes. Nesse contexto, foram montados dois experimentos distintos, em casa de vegetação, o primeiro com objetivo de estudar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação na fase de emergência, e o segundo, estudar o crescimento, fotossíntese, produção e tolerância de variedades crioulas de caupi. No primeiro experimento foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 23 x 2, composto de 23 variedades crioulas de caupi (Canapu Vermelho, Boquinha, Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde, Ceará, Baeta, Manteiga, Roxão, Costela de Vaca, Feijão Branco, Coruja, Rabo de Peba Branco, Sopinha, Canapu Branco, Lisão, Canapu Miúdo, Sempre Verde Ligeiro, Vagem Roxa, Ovo de Peru, Rabo de Peba Miúdo, Feijão Azul, Canário e Paulistinha), e dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5 e 5,5 dS m-1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes, sendo as plântulas avaliadas quanto à emergência, ao vigor, índice de tolerância à salinidade e à dissimilaridade. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 15 x 2, composto de 15 variedades crioulas (Boquinha; Pingo de Ouro; Sempre Verde; Ceará; Baeta; Roxão; Costela de Vaca; Feijão Branco; Coruja; Canapu Branco; Lisão; Canapu Miúdo; Ovo de Peru; Canário e Paulistinha) e dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), com cinco repetições, sendo as plantas cultivadas em vasos contendo 10 dm3 de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico durante 80 dias. A alta salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu a emergência, o vigor e a massa seca das plântulas de caupi. As variedades Lisão, Costela de Vaca, Canário, Feijão Branco, Ceará e Boquinha foram as mais tolerantes à salinidade, enquanto que as variedades Sempre Verde e Manteiga foram as mais sensíveis à salinidade na fase de emergência e crescimento inicial. Quanto à produção e acúmulo de biomassa, as variedades Coruja, Baeta, Feijão Branco, Canapu Branco, Canário, Canapu Miúdo, Paulistinha, Lisão, Roxão e Boquinha foram classificadas como sensíveis ao excesso de sais, ao passo que as variedades tolerantes foram Ovo de Peru, Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde, Costela de Vaca e Ceará. Todas as variedades tolerantes tiveram produção semelhante ao controle devido à melhoria na fotossíntese e na eficiência no uso da água
Commercial Exploitation of Various Microbes in Agriculture
Authors: Sangeetha C. G. , Devappa V. , Archith T. C.
Published: December 2024

The major global challenge in the present scenario is to provide nutritional
security to the growing population without affecting the ecosystem or the environment.
Crop productivity mainly suffers because of various pests, diseases, and other problems
caused by the use of pesticides during the management. Pesticide residue is now being
considered as more detrimental to human health. Hence to overcome these biotic
problems, the use of biological organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF),
Trichoderma spp., plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and endophytes are
gaining popularity to achieve sustainable agriculture. Still, many microorganisms
should be identified in order to know their ecological significance. The proper selection
and the application of the microbes have huge potential to safeguard our food and
environment. Furthermore, novel and modern techniques like clustered regularly
interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas), transcriptomics, proteomics,
genomics, etc., can be exploited for the sustainability of the crop ecosystem. The
microorganisms can be improved by gene engineering techniques, which will improve
the overall health of the plants. Thus, this chapter presents a brief overview of recent
trends in the application of various microbial interactions with the twenty-first century
technology for crop productivity and the overall sustainability of our agricultural
ecosystem for our future generation.
Antibiotics for Bacterial Disease Management in Plants
Authors: Hajong M. , Rajesha G.
Published: December 2024

Antibiotics are low molecular microbial metabolites that have been used
since the 1950s to control bacterial diseases of high-value horticulture and ornamental
plants. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics were used in agriculture. Although
antibiotics were produced primarily for the medical profession and their use was
limited by cost, some experiments were conducted soon after they were first produced
commercially to determine their effectiveness in the control of plant diseases. In
present days, streptomycin and oxytetracycline antibiotics are the most commonly used
bacterial disease management in plants. The effectiveness of antibiotics is influenced
by a number of factors including antibiotic concentration, method of application,
temperature and humidity in addition to host and pathogen factors. The prolonged
application of antibiotics in an inappropriate manner is triggering the problem of
antibiotic resistance depending on the modes of action, structures, and functional and
biochemical properties of antibiotics. A variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms
were expressed in various genes present in pathogens which encode some specific
types of enzymes to alter antibiotics into being non-toxic. The main mechanisms of
antibiotic resistance were expressed in targeted pathogens by various means of
mutation, modification, and replacement of various genes and target sites of antibiotics.
The rational use of antibiotics is one of the key approaches to increasing the efficacy of
antibiotics and prevention of resistance in future for the bacterial disease management.
Biocontrol Products to Control Plant and Animal Diseases
Authors: Thakare Sirisha , Khaire Pravin , Dawale Mukund , Mane Someshree , Kolase Sanjay
Published: December 2024

Plant and animal diseases continue to pose a significant and long-term
shortage of food, food hygiene, foreign business, bio-diversity, and the ecological
system. Numerous questions, such as global warming, regulatory developments,
changes in the geographical size and concentration of farm animals’ assets, and
increased trade, create this an excellent time to assess the level of research on disease
effect and biocontrol product management and control. This paper examines the
rationale for conducting an integrative study to investigate the management practices of
contagious plant and animal diseases. Finally, the organisation of the content under this
chapter provides a picture of current plant and animal diseases.
Microbial Origin Nematicides: An Eco-friendly and Potent Tool to Management of the Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Pervez Rashid , Danish Mohammad , Verma Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a serious threat to the quantity and
quality of many economic crops around the world. As a result of rising dissatisfaction
with the hazards of chemical nematicides, interest in microbial control of PPNs is
developing, and biological nematicides are becoming an important component of
ecologically acceptable management strategies. Bionematicides can be employed in
integrated nematode management (INM) programs to maximize their benefits, with
techniques that make them complementary or superior to chemical nematode control
approaches. This is especially relevant in integrated pest control systems because
bionematicides can operate synergistically or additively with other crop inputs.
bionematicides and other pesticides should be used in a more coordinated manner. This
is especially relevant because numerous bionematicides are already or will soon be
commercially available. It is still necessary to identify research objectives for using
fungal and bacterial nematicides in sustainable agriculture, as well as to get a better
knowledge of their ecology, biology, mode of action, and interactions with other
agricultural inputs. As a consequence, utilizing a microbial nematicide from the stated
category as a plant-parasitic nematode biocontrol agent is a viable long-term biocontrol
technique in agriculture.
Recent Advances in Bioactive Glasses and Glass Ceramics
Authors: Batool Syeda Ammara , Akhtar Memoona , Rizwan Muhammad , Atiq Ur Rehman Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Bone is a self-healing part of the body, which if damaged, repairs itself in
the natural course of events. However, this healing process is deficient if the defect is
too large or malignant to mend naturally. Bone regeneration is an age-dependent
phenomenon where the older generation is at a disadvantage as compared to the
younger generation due to the compromised biological performance as a result of
aging. Therefore, it is crucial to create novel and effective ways to treat bone-related
troubles. Bioactive glasses (BGs) and glass ceramics (GCs) belong to the thirdgeneration bioactive materials. They not only have the potential to survive in the harsh
physiological environment but can also renovate the defects present around them. They
also come with the advantage of tunable chemical, physical, and biological properties.
Designing an implant or scaffold while playing with distinct characteristics of metals,
polymers, and ceramics, bestows a large selection pane in front of humankind for
customized and patient-specific products. In this chapter, an overview of the recent
advances in the BGs and GCs application in coatings and hydrogels for bone tissue
engineering (BTE) is presented. BGs and GCs incorporated coatings and hydrogels
loaded with metallic ions, growth factors, and biomolecules provide a complete bundle
of features essential for bone repair and growth. Although many BGs and CGs-based
products have made it into the market, some inherent challenges like high brittleness
and low fracture toughness persist to overcome to date.
Carbon-Nanostructures for Tissue Engineering and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hosseini Seyede Atefe , Kargozar Saeid , Kumar Anuj , Kim Hae-Won
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanostructures have enticed significant attention in biomedical areas
over the past few decades owing to their unique electrical, physical, and optical
features, biocompatibility, and versatile functionalization chemistry. These
nanostructures can be categorized into diverse groups based on their morphology,
including fullerenes, nanotubes (e.g., single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and
multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)), nanodiamonds, nanodots, graphite, and
graphene derivatives. Emerging biomedical trends indicate the usefulness of carbon
nanostructures in gene/drug delivery, cancer theranostics, and tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine, either alone or in combination with other biocompatible
materials. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of various types of carbon
family nanostructures and their characteristics. We further highlight how these
properties are being utilized for various medical applications.
Constructing A Robust Digital Forensics Environment
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

Establishing a Digital Forensic laboratory is paramount in modern
investigative practices. This chapter delineates the essential components and
procedures necessary for setting up an effective Digital Forensic lab. It covers various
aspects, including infrastructure requirements, hardware, and software provisioning, as
well as the implementation of standardized procedures and protocols. Additionally, it
discusses the significance of maintaining the integrity and security of Digital evidence
throughout the Forensic process. By offering practical insights and recommendations,
this chapter aims to empower Forensic practitioners with the knowledge and resources
required to establish a robust Forensic laboratory capable of addressing the complex
challenges of Digital investigations in today's Digital landscape.
Whispers of Healing: Navigation of Nanomaterials for Wound Restoration and Inflammation Control
Authors: Nameeta Jesudoss M.
Published: December 2024

Impaired healing in chronic wounds is associated with an upsurge in financial burden for treatment, high mortality rates and limited availability of medicinal resources which mounts a burden on the global healthcare system. The major challenges associated with wounds are the absence of suitable microenvironment to facilitate the migration of cells and angiogenesis, microbial infection at the wound site and aggressive inflammation. The existing treatment strategies have failed to combat these challenges and aid in faster healing of the wounds. In an effort to address these challenges, recent studies prove the use of the unique advantages of nanomaterials towards effective wound healing. Integration of nanomaterials into the current therapeutic approaches has the potential to induce the required molecular and cellular process to create an amiable microenvironment for wound healing through its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory properties and angiogenic effects. This review highlights the pathophysiology of wound healing and the recent findings and challenges pertaining to the use of nanomaterials towards chronic wound management.
Interaction of Nanoparticles with Nucleic Acids
Authors: Miditana Sankara Rao
Published: December 2024

The interaction of nanoparticles with nucleic acids has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in various fields, including gene therapy, biosensing, immunotherapy and drug delivery. The mechanisms of interaction between nanoparticles and nucleic acids are complex and involve multiple factors, including surface chemistry, size, and shape of nanoparticles. Once nanoparticles bind to nucleic acids, they can form complexes that can alter the physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids, leading to changes in their enzymatic activity and stability. The interaction between nanoparticles and nucleic acids also provides a promising avenue for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to specific cells or tissues.
Molecular Interactions between Nanoparticles and Biomolecules
Authors: Niranjan Rashmi
Published: December 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials have applications in all sectors of present-day life like industrial, food-technology, medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, biomedical, etc. NPs interact with various biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. NPs exhibit beneficial and adverse interactions with biomolecules depending on their physicochemical properties. NPs' mode of synthesis, duration of exposure, concentration, and charge influence their interactions with various organic molecules. This work discusses NPs' interaction with biomolecules and their role in various biological applications.
Effect of wettability on the aeration characteristics of rotating thin films between EDM-prepared surfaces
Authors: ROGKAS Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Rotating thin-film flows with small film-thickness-to-radius ratios play a critical role in various power transmission systems, such as multidisc wet clutches and limited-slip differentials. Over the past two decades, significant attention has been given to a well-documented phenomenon in wet clutch applications: the formation of two-phase Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF)-air flow at high rotational speeds. The objective of this research is to further explore the aeration characteristics in such systems, with a focus on the impact of surface wettability due to surface topography alteration. Specifically, the study examines the progression of air bubbles into the fluid domain and the subsequent effect on drag torque, i.e., the viscous torque generated between the discs as a result of ATF’s shear stress, using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. To assess this, different surface roughness profiles are achieved by varying the Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) parameters and are further characterized by measuring the contact angle. These surface textures are then correlated with aeration characteristics, revealing that oleophilicity increases aeration. This research is part of the WetSURF project, under the Basic Research Framework Programme at the National Technical University of Athens.
Hybrid electrochemical discharge drilling
Authors: SLĂTINEANU L.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Making small-diameter holes in workpiece materials that are difficult to machine using classic cutting processes may require using relatively expensive equipment for machining using unconventional methods. A more accessible process for making small-diameter holes in hard-to-machine materials is hybrid electrochemical discharge drilling. In principle, such a process is based on the material removal from the workpiece both using electrical discharges and chemical reactions between the electrolyte-type working fluid and the material of the workpiece, under the conditions of placing the tool electrode and the workpiece in an electrolyte and connecting them in a circuit of a direct current source. It is proposed to use relatively simple equipment, which ensures the rotation of the drill-type tool electrode and the use of an electrolyte based on an aqueous solution of sodium silicate soluble in water. The analysis of the functional requirements allowed the gradual design of an equipment solution that enables the realization of small-diameter holes using hybrid electrochemical discharge machining. Preliminary experiments proved the good functioning of the equipment.
Optimization of the CNC machining process using digital twins
Authors: VASILEVA Dimka
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The optimization of machining processes, performed by CNC machine tools, using digital twin technology, is gaining a lot of popularity. Digital twin technology can be integrated into every stage of the workpiece life cycle, in order for defective parts prevention and high quality production realization. The human factor is the main source of failures at the production companies. For this reason, human activities like designing, operating, processing, monitoring, analyzing and controlling are being automated through the integration of digital twin technologies. With their help, CNC machine tools are becoming more and more intelligent, independent and autonomous, for the reason of reducing production costs associated with the human factor.
Investigation of T6 heat treatment parameters for AA6061 matrix composite reinforced with 15% B4C
Authors: Karakoç Halil
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This study investigates the effects of solution temperature, aging temperature, and aging time on the hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) of Al6061/15 wt% B4C composites. Detailed microstructural analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of B4C particles within the AA6061 matrix, demonstrating a strong interface and good bonding. The hardness and TRS of the composites were evaluated under various heat treatment conditions. The results showed that the optimal mechanical properties were achieved at a solution temperature of 500°C, an aging temperature of 180°C, and an aging time of 4 hours, with a peak hardness of 89.00 HB and a TRS of 562.74 MPa. Lower aging temperatures resulted in increased hardness with extended aging times, while higher aging temperatures and prolonged aging led to significant reductions in both hardness and TRS due to over-aging and precipitate coarsening.
Digital modeling and AI-driven optimization of ball burnishing process parameters
Authors: DIMITROV Diyan M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. In this paper, a digital model of the ball burnishing process, developed using data from tests on bronze and aluminum alloys, to create regular micro-reliefs on a cylindrical surface." is presented. The experiments were carried out on a CNC lathe using a cylindrical stock. The input features were burnishing force, feedrate, machine condition and material type, while the results were surface roughness and hardness. A Bayesian approach was used to infer the parameters of the digital model, enabling the creation of distributions that directly account for uncertainty caused to regression coefficients and by random factors incorporated in machine condition feature. The proposed digital model was subsequently used to run simulations and check various optimization algorithms. Additionally, a large language model NexusRaven-V2 that were fine tunned for function calling is combined with the functions from the digital model.
Role of parametrised design from development process to product manufacturing
Authors: ISTRATE Andreea
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The role of this paper is to demonstrate the use of design parameters control in CAD modelling. The case study consists of a 3D model able to be easily customized in multiple design variants to be tested or simulated thermally or mechanically. Such a design can be used from the beginning of the project if the designer can anticipate most of the problems/changes that could occur in the product. The scope of the case study is to see how much the design method helps and until which degree of design complexity/parameters control method complexity it worth that this design method to be used.
De los conceptos a la práctica: historia de una experiencia de la apropiación social del conocimiento y las tecnologías en el Alto Putumayo
Authors: Arana Chico Henry Camilo , Bacca Acosta Pedro Pablo , Borja Tintinago Jhon James , Cadena Pastrana Álvaro Mauricio , Castro Rincón Edwin , Garrido Rubiano María Fernanda , Guerrero Diaz Gissela Fernanda , Lesmes Chavur Angélica Rocío , Rendón Ocampo Claudia Patricia , Rodríguez Valenzuela Jeisson , Obando Enríquez Bayron Giovanny , Pasquini Margaret
Published: December 2024

Este libro corresponde a un proceso de reflexión y análisis que se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto denominado “Apropiación social del conocimiento y tecnologías en las cadenas cuyícola y láctea del Alto Putumayo”, desarrollado entre 2022 y 2024 en los cuatro municipios del Alto Putumayo: Santiago, Colón, Sibundoy y San Francisco.

El proyecto fue dinamizado de manera interinstitucional, partiendo del objetivo de promover la apropiación social de conocimientos y tecnologías bajo un enfoque diferencial, que contribuya a la competitividad, sostenibilidad de las cadenas de valor cuyícola y láctea, siendo estas dos cadenas pecuarias, pilares sociales, culturales y productivos en el territorio.

Este documento también pretende sistematizar, desde las propias perspectivas de los actores participantes, sus experiencias a lo largo del proceso, conociendo las voces y narrativas de cada uno de ellos dentro de su diversidad. Asimismo, este libro recoge no solo las diferentes actividades y logros del proyecto, sino también los desafíos, aprendizajes y reflexiones que emergieron en cada etapa.

Por último, se ofrecen memorias y recomendaciones que pueden orientar futuras iniciativas de apropiación del conocimiento, además de brindar una herramienta valiosa para otras comunidades y organizaciones que deseen emprender procesos similares.
Gamification elements in the rehabilitation of motor symptoms in people with Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Bosch-Barceló Pere , Martínez-Navarro Oriol , Masbernat-Almenara Maria , Tersa-Miralles Carlos , Pakarinen Anni , Fernández-Lago Helena
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly growing neurological condition worldwide. While physiotherapy and exercise are effective interventions, the addition of motivational aspects that improve adherence could be beneficial for people with PD. Incorporating technological devices into motor rehabilitation, coupled with gamification elements, could enhance the relevance of rehabilitation and alleviate motor symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this scoping review was to identify and classify the technological devices integrating gamification elements used in motor rehabilitation in PD, and to describe the justification behind the use of these devices and elements in this context.

METHODS

We conducted a Scoping Review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, along with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Major health science databases (Medline, Cinahl, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, PsycInfo, and Epistemonikos) were systematically searched. Relevant studies were included if they utilized technological interventions with gamification elements for motor symptom rehabilitation in PD. Gamification elements were extracted and categorized based on established frameworks, and content analysis was used to review the justifications for the use of technologies integrating gamification.

RESULTS

A total of 3,681 studies were retrieved from the search. After abstract and full-text screening, 81 studies were eligible for data extraction. The analysis identified 453 gamification elements across studies, with Development and Accomplishment being the most prominent core drive. Progress/Feedback was the most frequently used element (97.53% of studies), followed by Points (86.42%) and Levels/Progression (81.48%). Other notable elements included Badges, Leaderboards, and Customization, while several core drives, like Ownership and Possession, lacked reported elements. Expected roles of technology were clear, but intentional use of gamification was scarce. Almost half of all studies used off-the-shelf commercial videogames to deliver their rehabilitation intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review highlights the widespread adoption of technologies integrating gamification elements for motor symptom rehabilitation in individuals with PD. However, it also underscores a critical gap in understanding and justifying gamification mechanics. The current landscape relies heavily on commercial video games and emphasizes performance-based experiences, lacking theoretical grounding.

CLINICALTRIAL

This Scoping Review is registered at the Open Science Framework database (OSF.IO/TX3D9)
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN DIABETES PATIENTS ON METFORMIN THERAPY AND THE ROLE OF VITAMIN B-12 SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: PASUPULATI HARITHA , SWATHI BODDUPALLY , TAHSEEN SAMEENA , ANWER MOHAMMED SHAHZAIB , SANDHYA R. , FATHIMA SAMREEN , FATIMA SYEDA AMARA
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients on metformin therapy using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN-4) scale, explore the relationship between long-term metformin use and serum vitamin B-12 levels, and identify how metformin contributes to neuropathy. Additionally, it seeks to raise awareness about the importance of vitamin B-12 monitoring and supplementation for improving patient quality of life.
Methods: An observational study was conducted involving diabetes patients on metformin therapy. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and vitamin B-12 levels. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed using the DN-4 questionnaire. Correlations between metformin duration, dosage, vitamin B-12 levels, and neuropathy prevalence were analyzed.
Results: The results indicated that the majority of the study population were male (61.2%) and aged 51-60 years (41.8%), with a majority proportion residing in urban areas (74%). A significant finding was that Peripheral neuropathy was prevalent in 44.8% of patients, with 51.5% exhibiting vitamin B-12 deficiency. Furthermore, the study identified a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy with a significant correlation between longer metformin use and increased neuropathy (r =0.9372), additionally, a strong negative correlation between metformin dosage and Vitamin B-12 levels (r=-0.9189) highlighted the risk of deficiency with higher doses.
Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of monitoring and supplementing vitamin B-12 in diabetes patients on metformin therapy to mitigate peripheral neuropathy. Regular screening and proactive supplementation could potentially reduce neuropathic complications associated with long-term metformin use.