bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authors: Desmayanti Rakhmita
Published: March 2019

Indonesia is state that have ability to pull owners effort to commercialize goods and agent belonging service strange effort that is at Indonesia.  That goods and service most protects agents effort will do maximal protection effort. One of protection effort that is done is with list goods product name and service, one that we know with brand terminology, to brand office that lies under naungan Intellectual wealth General directorate ministry Sentences and Human Right. On brand registration process this is oft found by constraint.  To list brand according to UU Brand the petitioner has to qualify its registration. One of requisite one brand gets at lists is brand who will be listed may not there is sound equation, equation letters, and another with brand already earlier been listed at Brand office and it knew by distinguishing energy terminology. Brand who will list to have distinguishing energy with brand already being registered earlier. To the effect research is subject to be word brand terminology is known and to word in as much as which implement methods to sentence that prevailing on performed Brand Law. Observational method that is used gets descriptive character, with normatif's type.  Data that used by stem on material jurisdictional primary which is Number Law 20 Years 2016 about Brands and regulation Geographical Indications Number Minister Of Judge 67 Years 2017 about Brand Registration also secondary law materials as book and scientific writings expert jurisdictional at HKI'S jurisdictional area and tertier's law material by use of dictionary
MODUS PENGANGKATAN ANAK YANG BERIMPLIKASI TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG
Authors: Sekedang Effendi
Published: March 2019

Permasalahan pengangkatan anak jelas begitu kompleks dan rumit yang dapat membuat anak menjadi korbannya. Terlebih lagi di era modrenisasi negara-negara baik yang maju maupun Negara yang sedang berkembang telah membawa perubahan jalan pikiran tentang perkawinan dan keluarga dimana mereka rela mengeluarkan biaya yang sangat besar untuk dapat mengadopsi anak demi kebutuhan mereka. Dengan adanya hal ini yang menyebabkan terdapat pihak-pihak yang memanfaatkan untuk menarik banyak keuntungan yang tidak pada tempatnya. Pada sisi lain di Indonesia masih banyak warga miskin dengan segala permasalahannya, yang kemudian menjadi sasaran pencarian anak-anak yang akan diadopsi melalui proses perdagangan
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM OLEH KOMISI PENGAWAS PERSAINGAN USAHA (KPPU) DARI PRAKTEK DUMPING AKIBAT PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Bhakti Rizki Tri Anugrah
Published: March 2019

Artikel ini membahas mengenai peran Komisi pengawas persaingan usaha (KPPU) dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap industri di Indonesia dari adanya praktek dumping akibat perdagangan internasional. Berbicara mengenai dumping, maka berarti membicarakan tentang praktek penjualan produk di negara tujuan ekspor dengan harga dibawah harga normal yang memiliki tujuan untuk menguasai pasar luar negeri. Konsekuensi atas keikutsertaan Indonesia dikancah organisasi perdagangan internasional, tentu secara tidak langsung akan berpotensi mengalamidampak atas dumping, hal ini dikarenakan  ketidakberdayaan menolak ekspor dari negara sesama anggota.
“SEJUTA BAMBU UNTUK INDONESIAKU” SOCIO-ECOPREUNEUR UNTUK MENSEJAHTERAKAN PENGRAJIN BAMBU DI DESA HARGOMULYO, GEDANGSARI, GUNUNG KIDUL, YOGYAKARTA DALAM MOMENTUM MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN( MEA)
Authors: Hidayat Robist -
Published: March 2019

Indonesia's bamboo potential is currently ranked third after India and China. Bamboo holds enormous opportunities and potential to be utilized in improving the economy. However, the potential of bamboo possessed by this nation has not been utilized optimally, this material is very important because it can be classified into a sustainable germplasm, with a note that the use is not excessive and the extraction is right. What happened in Indonesia, bamboo continued to be cut down without any effort to plant and maintain so that the number of bamboo populations continued to decline. Some areas with good potential for bamboo include Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Efforts to increase the value of bamboo also need to be balanced with conservation efforts as an increase in bamboo biodiversity itself. The existence of the Asean Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015 is a broader economic and market integration. This indicates open competition for trade in goods, services, investment, capital and workers. From these problems, we create a socio-ecopreneur with the theme "a million bamboos for my Indonesia". This product is made from 100% bamboo material, then innovates on bamboo crafts to become a creative, eco-friendly, sustainable, and originally hand made industrial product. This product is suitable for use as house accessories, household utilities, and others. This product uses traditional lamination technology (press) and bamboo preservation. we also developed a bamboo business management model that is beneficial for the economic resilience of local communities, especially for communities in Hargomulyo Village and at the same time beneficial to environmental biodiversity. Using a global interconnection ethnographic approach where we and the community are fully involved in the activity process starting from assessment, planing, implementation (action), until monitoring-evaluation.
Electrical Installation Training For Kelompok Karang Taruna Bencongan Indah
Authors: Dwiaji Yudhi Chandra , Nurato Nurato , Dwiaji Yudhi Chandra
Published: March 2019

Community service activities aim to provide skills to partners regarding the installation of electricity at home or residence also provide an understanding of the dangers posed by the electricity. And it is expected that the target partners will be able to transmit their abilities to the surrounding community as well as other members of the Youth Organization (Karang Taruna) from Bencongan Indah, Tangerang. The approach method in solving existing problems is by conducting Technology Transfer Methods in the form of direct training. Implementation Activities of The Community Service Program is divided into three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and stages monitoring.

Participants can take part in the activity well. It can be seen from the amount of curiosity they had about the material provided. Follow-up activities are carried out after the participants have applied some of the knowledge conveyed by the Service Team. Follow-up activities are intended to determine the impact of this activity. The activity is in the form of an obligation for participants to re-practice and understand the dangers of electricity and how to secure, read installation drawings, measure voltage, detect broken connections and can install home lighting with various switches and sockets in accordance with the requirements General Electrical Installation (PUIL). The results of the evaluations that have been conducted, it can be seen that the participants' knowledge to install lighting in the house increases and opens the mind of the participants to take advantage of the opportunities available to increase income. About 85% of participants actively responded positively to the skills and knowledge conveyed by the team.
Propofol Alleviates DNA Damage Induced by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion via FoxO1 Nuclear Translocation in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Zhuang Jinqiang , Wang Yihui , Zhao Dandan , Zhao Lidong , Zhu Shun , Pu Jinjun , Yin Ming , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Zejian , Hong Jiang
Published: March 2019

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces irreversible oxidative stress damage to the cardiac myocytes. Many studies have revealed that propofol alleviates the important organelle-mediated injury from oxidative stress in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether propofol prevents I/R-induced DNA damage in cardiomyocytes. In our study, we established an oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in H9c2 cells and found that propofol decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and suppressed cell apoptosis induced by OGD/R in H9c2 cells. In addition, propofol significantly reduced the molecular marker of DNA damage and inhibited double-strand breaks of DNA damage induced by OGD/R in H9c2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms and demonstrated that propofol inhibited forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) phosphorylation and increased FoxO1 nuclear translocation through inhibition of protein kinase B (Akt) and adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. The protective effects of propofol against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage were reversed by silencing FoxO1. Taken together, our results suggest that oxidative stress aggravates DNA damage and apoptosis in H9C2 cells, which can be reversed by propofol via FoxO1 nuclear translocation.
Synchronization Control Algorithm of Double-Cylinder Forging Hydraulic Press Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Bai Zhifeng , Shao Yuanyuan
Published: March 2019

In order to solve the poor control accuracy problem of the traditional synchronous control algorithm for a double-cylinder forging hydraulic press, a synchronous control algorithm for double-cylinder forging hydraulic press based on a fuzzy neural network was proposed. According to the flow equation of valve and hydraulic cylinder, the balance equation and force balance equation of forging hydraulic cylinder are established by using the theory of electro-hydraulic servo systems, and the cylinder-controlled transfer function of forging hydraulic cylinder is deduced. By properly simplifying the transfer function, the mathematical model of synchronous control of double cylinder forging hydraulic press is established. According to the implementation process of traditional fuzzy neural networks, the properties of compensation operation are introduced. The traditional fuzzy neural network is optimized, and the optimized neural network is used to realize the synchronous control of the double cylinder forging hydraulic press. The experimental results show that the amplitude curve of the algorithm is very close to the expected amplitude curve, the error amplitude is only 0.3 mm, and the average control time is about 140 s, which fully shows that the algorithm has high accuracy and a good control effect.
IgG Charge: Practical and Biological Implications
Authors: Yang Danlin , Kroe-Barrett Rachel , Singh Sanjaya , Laue Thomas
Published: March 2019

Practically, IgG charge can contribute significantly to thermodynamic nonideality, and hence to solubility and viscosity. Biologically, IgG charge isomers exhibit differences in clearance and potency. It has been known since the 1930s that all immunoglobulins carry a weak negative charge in physiological solvents. However, there has been no systematic exploration of this fundamental property. Accurate charge measurements have been made using membrane confined electrophoresis in two solvents (pH 5.0 and pH 7.4) on a panel of twelve mAb IgGs, as well as their F(ab’)2 and Fc fragments. The following observations were made at pH 5.0: (1) the measured charge differs from the calculated charge by ~40 for the intact IgGs, and by ~20 for the Fcs; (2) the intact IgG charge depends on both Fv and Fc sequences, but does not equal the sum of the F(ab)’2 and Fc charge; (3) the Fc charge is consistent within a class. In phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4: (1) the intact IgG charges ranged from 0 to −13; (2) the F(ab’)2 fragments are nearly neutral for IgG1s and IgG2s, and about −5 for some of the IgG4s; (3) all Fc fragments are weakly anionic, with IgG1 < IgG2 < IgG4; (4) the charge on the intact IgGs does not equal the sum of the F(ab’)2 and Fc charge. In no case is the calculated charge, based solely on H+ binding, remotely close to the measured charge. Some mAbs carried a charge in physiological salt that was outside the range observed for serum-purified human poly IgG. To best match physiological properties, a therapeutic mAb should have a measured charge that falls within the range observed for serum-derived human IgGs. A thermodynamically rigorous, concentration-dependent protein–protein interaction parameter is introduced. Based on readily measured properties, interaction curves may be generated to aid in the selection of proteins and solvent conditions. Example curves are provided.
Polymyxin Acute Kidney Injury: Dosing and Other Strategies to Reduce Toxicity
Authors: Nation Roger L. , Rigatto Maria Helena P. , Falci Diego R. , Zavascki Alexandre P.
Published: March 2019

Polymyxins are valuable antimicrobials for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; however, nephrotoxicity associated with these drugs is a very common side effect that occurs during treatment. This article briefly reviews nephrotoxic mechanisms and risk factors for polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and discusses dosing strategies that may mitigate kidney damage without compromising antimicrobial activity. Polymyxins have a very narrow therapeutic window and patients requiring treatment with these drugs are frequently severely ill and have multiple comorbidities, which increases the risk of AKI. Notably, there is a significant overlap between therapeutic and toxic plasma polymyxin concentrations that substantially complicates dose selection. Recent dosing protocols for both colistin and polymyxin B have been developed and may help fine tune dose adjustment of these antibiotics. Minimizing exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as other nephrotoxic agents, is strongly recommended. The dose should be carefully selected, particularly in high-risk patients. The administration of oxidative stress-reducing drugs is a promising strategy to ameliorate polymyxin-associated AKI, but still requires support from clinical studies.
Research Progress on Conducting Polymer-Based Biomedical Applications
Authors: Park Yohan , Jung Jaehan , Chang Mincheol
Published: March 2019

Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted significant attention in a variety of research fields, particularly in biomedical engineering, because of the ease in controlling their morphology, their high chemical and environmental stability, and their biocompatibility, as well as their unique optical and electrical properties. In particular, the electrical properties of CPs can be simply tuned over the full range from insulator to metal via a doping process, such as chemical, electrochemical, charge injection, and photo-doping. Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in biomedical research including biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery, as CPs have been utilized as a key component in these fields. In this article, we review CPs from the perspective of biomedical engineering. Specifically, representative biomedical applications of CPs are briefly summarized: biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery. The motivation for use of and the main function of CPs in these fields above are discussed. Finally, we highlight the technical and scientific challenges regarding electrical conductivity, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and the loading capacity of biomolecules that are faced by CPs for future work. This is followed by several strategies to overcome these drawbacks.
A Latent State-Based Multimodal Execution Monitor with Anomaly Detection and Classification for Robot Introspection
Authors: Wu Hongmin , Guan Yisheng , Rojas Juan
Published: March 2019

Robot introspection is expected to greatly aid longer-term autonomy of autonomous manipulation systems. By equipping robots with abilities that allow them to assess the quality of their sensory data, robots can detect and classify anomalies and recover appropriately from common anomalies. This work builds on our previous Sense-Plan-Act-Introspect-Recover (SPAIR) system. We introduce an improved anomaly detector that exploits latent states to monitor anomaly occurrence when robots collaborate with humans in shared workspaces, but also present a multiclass classifier that is activated with anomaly detection. Both implementations are derived from Bayesian non-parametric methods with strong modeling capabilities for learning and inference of multivariate time series with complex and uncertain behavior patterns. In particular, we explore the use of a hierarchical Dirichlet stochastic process prior to learning a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a switching vector auto-regressive observation model (sHDP-VAR-HMM). The detector uses a dynamic log-likelihood threshold that varies by latent state for anomaly detection and the anomaly classifier is implemented by calculating the cumulative log-likelihood of testing observation based on trained models. The purpose of our work is to equip the robot with anomaly detection and anomaly classification for the full set of skills associated with a given manipulation task. We consider a human–robot cooperation task to verify our work and measure the robustness and accuracy of each skill. Our improved detector succeeded in detecting 136 common anomalies and 368 nominal executions with a total accuracy of 91.0%. An overall anomaly classification accuracy of 97.1% is derived by performing the anomaly classification on an anomaly dataset that consists of 7 kinds of detected anomalies from a total of 136 anomalies samples.
An Orthogonal Model to Study the Effect of Electrospraying Parameters on the Morphology of poly (d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) Particles
Authors: Hsu Ming-Yi , Feng Chu-Han , Liu Yen-Wei , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: March 2019

Electrospraying has been recognized as an important technique for the production of microparticles for pharmaceutical applications. Nevertheless, the produce of poly (d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres with a desired size distribution remains a challenge. We conducted an empirical study, based on a fractional orthogonal design, to optimize the size distribution of electrosprayed particles. The influence of different processing factors, including PLGA concentration in the solution, volumetric flow rate of the solution, travel distance between the needle tip and the collection, voltage applied to the polymer solution, size of the needle, and type of solvent on the electrospraying of polymeric microparticles was investigated. After electrospraying, the size distribution of the PLGA particles was characterized and analyzed. Among the selected factors, the type of solvent used was the principal factor affecting the particle size of electrosprayed microspheres. Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) electrosprayed microparticles with the smallest diameter. However, hollowed particles could be seen among these microspheres. Dichloromethane (DCM) was found to electrospray microspheres with a fairly spherical geometry, while trichloromethane (TCM) electrosprayed particles with relatively rougher surfaces. Finally, the particle size of sprayed microspheres decreases somewhat with the polymer concentration and travel distance.
Characterization, Source and Risk of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs) in the Snow Deposition Near Jiaozhou Bay, North China
Authors: Peng Quancai , Song Jinming , Li Xuegang , Yuan Huamao , Yang Guang
Published: March 2019

The occurrence and distribution of 110 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were investigated in snow near Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), North China. All target substances were analyzed using solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.A total of 38 compounds were detected for the first time in snow, including 23 antibiotics, eight hormones, three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, two antipsychotics, one beta-adrenergic receptor and one hypoglycemic drug. The total concentration of PhACs in snow ranged from 52.80 ng/L to 1616.02 ng/L. The compounds found at the highest mean concentrations included tetracycline (125.81 ng/L), desacetylcefotaxime (17.73 ng/L), ronidazole (8.79 ng/L) and triamcinolone diacetate (2.84 ng/L). The contribution of PhACs in the vicinity of JZB to the PhACs in the snow is far greater than the contribution of those transmitted over a long distance. PhACs are mainly derived from drugs applied to local humans and animals. Based on the individual risk quotient (RQ) values, tetracycline poses high risks to the relevant aquatic organisms (algae and invertebrates). The rational application and scientific management of PhACs is an effective approach to reduce the ecological risks in JZB.
A Fault-Signal-Based Generalizing Remaining Useful Life Prognostics Method for Wheel Hub Bearings
Authors: Tang Shixi , Gu Jinan , Tang Keming , Zou Rong , Sun Xiaohong , Uddin Saad
Published: March 2019

The goal of this work is to improve the generalization of remaining useful life (RUL) prognostics for wheel hub bearings. The traditional life prognostics methods assume that the data used in RUL prognostics is composed of one specific fatigue damage type, the data used in RUL prognostics is accurate, and the RUL prognostics are conducted in the short term. Due to which, a generalizing RUL prognostics method is designed based on fault signal data. Firstly, the fault signal model is designed with the signal in a complex and mutative environment. Then, the generalizing RUL prognostics method is designed based on the fault signal model. Lastly, the simplified solution of the generalizing RUL prognostics method is deduced. The experimental results show that the proposed method gained good accuracies for RUL prognostics for all the amplitude, energy, and kurtosis features with fatigue damage types. The proposed method can process inaccurate fault signals with different kinds of noise in the actual working environment, and it can be conducted in the long term. Therefore, the RUL prognostics method has a good generalization.
Blister Defect Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Ma Liyong , Xie Wei , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2019

To ensure the quality and reliability of polymer lithium-ion battery (PLB), automatic blister defect detection instead of manual detection is developed in the production of PLB cell sheets. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based detection method is proposed to detect blister in cell sheets employing cell sheet images. An improved architecture for dense block and a learning method based on optimization of learning rate are discussed. The proposed method was superior to other machine learning based methods when the classification performance and confusion matrix were compared in experiments. The proposed CNN method had the best defect detection performance and real-time performance for industry field application.
Impacts of Onset Time of El Niño Events on Summer Rainfall over Southeastern Australia during 1980–2017
Authors: Fan Lingli , Xu Jianjun , Han Liguo
Published: March 2019

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has large impacts on Australia’s rainfall. A composite analysis technique was utilized to distinguish the impact of onset time of El Niño on summer rainfall over southeastern Australia. Summer rainfall tended to be lower than normal in austral autumn El Niño events during December–January–February (DJF) and higher than normal in austral winter El Niño events, in 1980–2017. During autumn El Niño events, the Walker circulation and meridional cells served as a bridge, linking the warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and lower summer rainfall over southeastern Australia. This physical process can be described as follows: During DJF, a positive SST anomaly in the EEP was concurrent with anomalous downdraft over southeastern Australia via zonal anomalous Walker circulation, meridional anomalous cells along 170° E–170° W, and a Pacific South American (PSA) teleconnection wave train at 500 hPa. In addition, an anomalous convergence at 200 hPa depressed the convection. Meanwhile, an 850 hPa abnormal westerly was not conducive to transport marine water vapor into this area. These factors resulted in below-normal rainfall. During winter El Niño events, a positive SST anomaly in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP) and the changes in Walker circulation and meridional cells were weaker. The PSA teleconnection wave train shifted westward and northward, and there was a low-level anomalous ascent over southeastern Australia. At the western flank of the anomalous anticyclone, northerly transported water vapor from the ocean to southeastern Australia resulted in a sink of water vapor over this area. The development of low-level convective activity and the plentiful water vapor supply favored more rainfall over southeastern Australia. Onset time of El Niño may be a useful metric for improving the low predictive skill of southeastern Australian summer rainfall.
Features of K-Changes Observed in Sri Lanka in the Tropics
Authors: Nanayakkara Sankha , Fernando Mahendra , Cooray Vernon
Published: March 2019

General characteristics of K-changes, including their duration and probability of occurrence associated with ground flashes in Sri Lanka in the tropics, together with their fine structure, are presented. In 98 ground flashes where the small step changes associated with K-changes are clearly visible, there were about two K-changes per flash on average. The mean K-change time duration observed in this study is 0.38 ms. In 53 of the ground flashes, there were 120 consecutive K-changes. In these cases, the geometric mean of the time interval between K-changes was 12 ms. Analysis of the fine structure of the K-changes reveals the K-changes are always associated with either a chaotic pulse train or a combination of chaotic and regular pulse trains. The results suggest that the small step-like static electric fields identified in the literature as K-changes are the step-like static fields associated with the processes that generate chaotic or a combination of chaotic and regular pulse trains. Thus, at larger distances where the static fields are negligible, K-changes may appear as a chaotic pulse train or a combination of chaotic and regular pulse trains.
Fixed Point Theorems for Geraghty Contraction Type Mappings in b-Metric Spaces and Applications
Authors: Faraji Hamid , Savić Dragana , Radenović Stojan
Published: March 2019

In this paper, some new results are given on fixed and common fixed points of Geraghty type contractive mappings defined in b-complete b-metric spaces. Moreover, two examples are represented to show the compatibility of our results. Some applications for nonlinear integral equations are also given.
Synthesis and Mechanochemical Activity of Peptide-Based Cu(I) Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Complexes
Authors: Funtan Sebastian , Michael Philipp , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: March 2019

With the class of shock-absorbing proteins, nature created some of the most robust materials combining both mechanical strength and elasticity. Their excellent ability to dissipate energy to prevent surrounding cells from damage is an interesting property that regularly is exploited for applications in biomimetic materials. Similar to biomaterials, where mechanical stimuli are transmitted into a (bio)chemical response, mechanophoric catalysts transform mechanical energy into a chemical reaction. Force transmission is realized commonly by polymeric handles directing the applied force to the mechanophoric bond, which in turn leads to stress-induced activation of the catalyst. Therefore, shock-absorbing proteins able to take up and store mechanical energy elastically for subsequent force transduction to the labile bond seem to be perfect candidates to fulfill this task. Here, we report on the synthesis of two different latent mechanophoric copper(I) bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes bearing either two carboxyl groups or two amino groups which allow conjugation reactions with either the N- or the C-terminus of amino acids or peptides. The chosen catalysts can be activated, for instance, by applying external mechanical force via ultrasound, removing one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. Post-modification of the mechanophoric catalysts via peptide coupling (Gly, Val) and first reactions showed that the mechanoresponsive behavior was still present after the coupling. Subsequent polycondensation of both catalysts lead to a polyamide including the Cu(I) moiety. Mechanochemical activation by ultrasound showed conversions in the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide “click” reaction (CuAAC) up to 9.9% proving the potential application for the time and spatial controlled CuAAC.
Fischer–Tropsch: Product Selectivity–The Fingerprint of Synthetic Fuels
Authors: Shafer Wilson , Gnanamani Muthu , Graham Uschi , Yang Jia , Masuku Cornelius , Jacobs Gary , Davis Burtron
Published: March 2019

The bulk of the products that were synthesized from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a wide range (C1–C70+) of hydrocarbons, primarily straight-chained paraffins. Additional hydrocarbon products, which can also be a majority, are linear olefins, specifically: 1-olefin, trans-2-olefin, and cis-2-olefin. Minor hydrocarbon products can include isomerized hydrocarbons, predominantly methyl-branched paraffin, cyclic hydrocarbons mainly derived from high-temperature FTS and internal olefins. Combined, these products provide 80–95% of the total products (excluding CO2) generated from syngas. A vast number of different oxygenated species, such as aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols, are also embedded in this product range. These materials can be used to probe the FTS mechanism or to produce alternative chemicals. The purpose of this article is to compare the product selectivity over several FTS catalysts. Discussions center on typical product selectivity of commonly used catalysts, as well as some uncommon formulations that display selectivity anomalies. Reaction tests were conducted while using an isothermal continuously stirred tank reactor. Carbon mole percentages of CO that are converted to specific materials for Co, Fe, and Ru catalysts vary, but they depend on support type (especially with cobalt and ruthenium) and promoters (especially with iron). All three active metals produced linear alcohols as the major oxygenated product. In addition, only iron produced significant selectivities to acids, aldehydes, and ketones. Iron catalysts consistently produced the most isomerized products of the catalysts that were tested. Not only does product selectivity provide a fingerprint of the catalyst formulation, but it also points to a viable proposed mechanistic route.
Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs
Authors: Hoyos Pilar , Pace Vittorio , Alcántara Andrés R.
Published: March 2019

Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are the largest selling class of drugs prescribed for the pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia. Statins also possess other therapeutic effects, called pleiotropic, because the blockade of the conversion of HMG-CoA to (R)-mevalonate produces a concomitant inhibition of the biosynthesis of numerous isoprenoid metabolites (e.g., geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)). Thus, the prenylation of several cell signalling proteins (small GTPase family members: Ras, Rac, and Rho) is hampered, so that these molecular switches, controlling multiple pathways and cell functions (maintenance of cell shape, motility, factor secretion, differentiation, and proliferation) are regulated, leading to beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, regulation of the immune system, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, prevention and treatment of sepsis, treatment of autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, kidney and neurological disorders, or even in cancer therapy. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing more sustainable protocols for preparation of statins, and the introduction of biocatalyzed steps into the synthetic pathways is highly advantageous—synthetic routes are conducted under mild reaction conditions, at ambient temperature, and can use water as a reaction medium in many cases. Furthermore, their high selectivity avoids the need for functional group activation and protection/deprotection steps usually required in traditional organic synthesis. Therefore, biocatalysis provides shorter processes, produces less waste, and reduces manufacturing costs and environmental impact. In this review, we will comment on the pleiotropic effects of statins and will illustrate some biotransformations nowadays implemented for statin synthesis.
Adhesive Hybrid SiO2.01C0.23Hx Nanoparticulate Coating on Polyethylene (PE) Separator by Roll-to-Roll Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Jin Yichao , Wang Chaoliang , Yuan Nana , Ding Ke , Xu Yu , Qin Sicheng , Wang Ming , Wu Zhuangchun , Du Chengran , Shi Jianjun , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2019

For the ever-increasing demand for highly safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the common sol-gel process provides heat-resistance to separators with an inorganic coating, where the adhesion to the separator is the key to safety and stability. In this paper, we present a SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated polyethylene (PE) separator through a roll-to-roll atmospheric plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (R2R-APECVD) of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/Ar/O2. The adhesion strength of SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated PE was tested by peel-off test and found to be higher than that of the commercial Al2O3-coated separator (0.28 N/mm vs. 0.06 N/mm). Furthermore, the SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated PE separator showed better electrochemical performance in C-rate and long term cycle tests. FTIR, SEM, and XPS analysis indicate that the increased adhesion and electrochemical performance are attributed to the inner hybrid SiO2.01C0.23Hx coating with organic and inorganic components.
Evolution of Complexity in Out-of-Equilibrium Systems by Time-Resolved or Space-Resolved Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Authors: Campi Gaetano , Bianconi Antonio
Published: March 2019

Out-of-equilibrium phenomena are attracting high interest in physics, materials science, chemistry and life sciences. In this state, the study of structural fluctuations at different length scales in time and space are necessary to achieve significant advances in the understanding of the structure-functionality relationship. The visualization of patterns arising from spatiotemporal fluctuations is nowadays possible thanks to new advances in X-ray instrumentation development that combine high-resolution both in space and in time. We present novel experimental approaches using high brilliance synchrotron radiation sources, fast detectors and focusing optics, joint with advanced data analysis based on automated statistical, mathematical and imaging processing tools. This approach has been used to investigate structural fluctuations in out-of-equilibrium systems in the novel field of inhomogeneous quantum complex matter at the crossing point of technology, physics and biology. In particular, we discuss how nanoscale complexity controls the emergence of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS), myelin functionality and formation of hybrid organic-inorganic supramolecular assembly. The emergent complex geometries, opening novel venues to quantum technology and to the development of quantum physics of living systems, are discussed.
Use of Information Technology for Communication and Learning in Secondary School Students with a Hearing Disability
Authors: Lersilp Theeratorn , Lersilp Suchitporn
Published: March 2019

Information technology (IT) is important to meet the needs of students with a hearing disability in special Thai school settings. The aim of this paper was to research the use and opinion of IT for communication and learning from students with a hearing disability in schools for the deaf. The IT in this study included information devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, and tablets. This study used the stratified random sampling method for enrolling its participants. Data collected from 192 students with a hearing disability using a self-administered questionnaires. Results found that most of these students knew about chat applications, for example, Line, Facebook, Messenger and face-to-face conversation apps. Furthermore, most of these students contacted people with hearing problems by sending messages through Facebook, Line and face-to-face applications. The main reasons why they used IT was for convenience and general conversation. A study of opinions on the use of IT by students with a hearing disability found that most of them agreed that IT equipment contributed to their participation in various activities, including conversations with their relatives and friends on social networking. Conclusion and discussions were included.
Investigating Engineering Student Learning Style Trends by Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Abdelhadi Abdelhakim , Ibrahim Yasser , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: March 2019

This study aims to use group technology to classify students at the classroom level into clusters according to their learning style preferences. Group technology is used, due to the realization that many problems are similar, and that by grouping similar problems, single solutions can be found for a set of problems. The Felder and Silverman style, and the index learning style (ILS) are used to find student learning style preferences; students are grouped into clusters based on the similarities of their preferences, by using multivariate statistical analysis. Based on the developed groups, instructors can use the proper teaching style to teach their students. The formation of clusters based on the statistical analyses of two sets of data collected from students of two classes at the same level, belonging to same engineering department indicates that each class has different learning style preferences. This is an eye-opener to educators, in that different teaching styles can be used for their students, based on the students’ learning styles, even though the students seem to have a common interest.
Heavy-Ion Induced Single Event Upsets in Advanced 65 nm Radiation Hardened FPGAs
Authors: Cai Chang , Fan Xue , Liu Jie , Li Dongqing , Liu Tianqi , Ke Lingyun , Zhao Peixiong , He Ze
Published: March 2019

The 65 nm Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was designed and manufactured, which employed tradeoff radiation hardening techniques in Configuration RAMs (CRAMs), Embedded RAMs (EBRAMs) and flip-flops. This radiation hardened circuits include large-spacing interlock CRAM cells, area saving debugging logics, the redundant flip-flops cells, and error mitigated 6-T EBRAMs. Heavy ion irradiation test result indicates that the hardened CRAMs had a high linear energy transfer threshold of upset ∼18 MeV/(mg/cm 2 ) with an extremely low saturation cross-section of 6.5 × 10 − 13 cm 2 /bit, and 71% of the upsets were single-bit upsets. The combinational use of triple modular redundancy and check code could decline ∼86.5% upset errors. Creme tools were used to predict the CRAM upset rate, which was merely 8.46 × 10 − 15 /bit/day for the worst radiation environment. The effectiveness of radiation tolerance has been verified by the irradiation and prediction results.
Selection and Evaluation of 21 Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Breeding Clones for Cold Chip Processing
Authors: Wayumba Benjamin Opuko , Choi Hyung Sic , Seok Lim Young
Published: March 2019

Quality evaluations in potatoes are of necessity to meet the strict demands of the chip processing industry. Important parameters assessed include specific gravity, dry matter content, chip color, reducing sugars, and glycoalkaloids. This study was designed with the purpose of identifying specialized potato clones with acceptable qualities for processing chips, in comparison with two selected control varieties, Dubaek and Superior. As a result, high dry matter and specific gravity were observed for three potato clones, and the quantified ά-solanine levels ranged from 0.15 to 15.54 mg·100 g−1 fresh weight (FW). Significant variations (p < 0.05) in reducing sugar levels were observed in clones stored at different temperature conditions. After reconditioning of the tubers at 22 °C for 21 days, a significant drop in reducing sugar levels was recorded. In addition, fried chips for each potato clone were evaluated, and the color measured on the basis of the Snack Food Association (SFA) chip color score standard. Reconditioned tubers exhibited much lighter and better chip color compared to their counterparts cold-stored at 4 °C. This study observed that for quality processing of potato chips, clones with combined traits of high dry matter, low levels of glycoalkaloids and reducing sugars, and acceptable chip color should be used as raw materials.
Evolutionary Comparison of the Chloroplast Genome in the Woody Sonchus Alliance (Asteraceae) on the Canary Islands
Authors: Cho Myong-Suk , Yang Ji Young , Yang Tae-Jin , Kim Seung-Chul
Published: March 2019

The woody Sonchus alliance consists primarily of woody species of the genus Sonchus (subgenus Dendrosonchus; family Asteraceae). Most members of the alliance are endemic to the oceanic archipelagos in the phytogeographic region of Macaronesia. They display extensive morphological, ecological, and anatomical diversity, likely caused by the diverse habitats on islands and rapid adaptive radiation. As a premier example of adaptive radiation and insular woodiness of species endemic to oceanic islands, the alliance has been the subject of intensive evolutionary studies. While phylogenetic studies suggested that it is monophyletic and its major lineages radiated rapidly early in the evolutionary history of this group, genetic mechanisms of speciation and genomic evolution within the alliance remain to be investigated. We first attempted to address chloroplast (cp) genome evolution by conducting comparative genomic analysis of three representative endemic species (Sonchus acaulis, Sonchus canariensis, and Sonchus webbii) from the Canary Islands. Despite extensive morphological, anatomical, and ecological differences among them, their cp genomes were highly conserved in gene order and content, ranging from 152,071 to 152,194 bp in total length. The number of repeat variations and six highly variable regions were identified as valuable molecular markers. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 species in the family Asteraceae revealed the phylogenetic position of the woody Sonchus alliance within the tribe Cichorieae and the sister relationship between the weedy Sonchus oleraceus and the alliance.
Lentiviral Vectors for the Treatment and Prevention of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Marquez Loza Laura I. , Yuen Eric C. , McCray Paul B.
Published: March 2019

Despite the continued development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), the need for mutation agnostic treatments remains. In a sub-group of CF individuals with mutations that may not respond to modulators, such as those with nonsense mutations, CFTR gene transfer to airway epithelia offers the potential for an effective treatment. Lentiviral vectors are well-suited for this purpose because they transduce nondividing cells, and provide long-term transgene expression. Studies in primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia and CF animal models demonstrate the long-term correction of CF phenotypes and low immunogenicity using lentiviral vectors. Further development of CF gene therapy requires the investigation of optimal CFTR expression in the airways. Lentiviral vectors with improved safety features have minimized insertional mutagenesis safety concerns raised in early clinical trials for severe combined immunodeficiency using γ-retroviral vectors. Recent clinical trials using improved lentiviral vectors support the feasibility and safety of lentiviral gene therapy for monogenetic diseases. While work remains to be done before CF gene therapy reaches the bedside, recent advances in lentiviral vector development reviewed here are encouraging and suggest it could be tested in clinical studies in the near future.
Carbonate Neoformations on Modern Buildings and Engineering Structures in Tyumen City, Russia: Structural Features and Development Factors
Authors: Novoselov Andrey , Konstantinov Alexandr , Leonova Lyubov , Soktoev Bulat , Morgalev Sergey
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the results of studying the development of calcite neoformations on the surfaces of modern buildings within the city of Tyumen. The objects of the study were carbonate crusts and stalactite-like bodies formed on the surfaces of five representative buildings in the city center. Research methods included visual diagnostics, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and semi-quantitative determination of the mineral composition by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the study show that calcite is the main component of all carbonate crusts, while other minerals were found in small quantities. The microscopic studies revealed the differences in morphology of crusts developing on horizontal and vertical surfaces. The mycelium of fungi (presumably of the Penicillium group), represented by filamentous and often hollow hyphae covered with calcite, as well as relics of bacterial colonies were found in all studied samples. It was noted that the mycelium forms the structural frame of carbonate crusts and stalactites. Studies have shown that the prokaryotic–eukaryotic communities are responsible for the high rate of the urban speleothem growth and play the main role in calcite precipitation at the initial stages of their development.
Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Public Libraries via Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Jung Ryan Hyunjae , Kim Minzae , Bhatt Bhoomi , Choi Jong Min , Roh Jung H.
Published: March 2019

Hazardous organisms may thrive on surfaces that are often exposed to human contact, including children’s library books. In this study, swab samples were taken from 42 children’s books collected from four public libraries in Texas and California. Samples were then cultivated in brain–heart infusion (BHI) medium and then in Luria broth (LB) medium containing either ampicillin or kanamycin. All 42 samples (100%) were positive for bacterial growth in normal BHI medium. Furthermore, 35 samples (83.3%) and 20 samples (47.6%) in total were positive in LB medium containing ampicillin or kanamycin, respectively. Bacterial populations were then identified in samples using an Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid ™ mass spectrometer, a state-of-the-art proteomic analysis tool. Identified bacterial species grown in ampicillin included Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Enterococcus. In contrast, identified bacteria grown in kanamycin included Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus. The presences of pathogenic bacteria species were also confirmed. The results of this study warrant follow up studies to assess the potential health risks of identified pathogens. This study demonstrates the utility of proteomics in identifying environmental pathogenic bacteria for specific public health risk evaluations.