bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judd–Ofelt Parametrization from the Emission Spectrum of Pr3+ Doped Materials: Theory, Application Software, and Demonstration on Pr3+ Doped YF3 and LaF3
Authors: Ćirić Aleksandar , Ristić Zoran , Barudzija Tanja , Srivastava Alok , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: April 2021

Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory explains the optical properties of trivalent lanthanides using only three intensity parameters. The JO parametrization is a complicated procedure of absorption spectra analysis, especially cumbersome for powders and non‐transparent materials. For the Pr3+ activated materials, the procedure is additionally complicated due to strong interaction of low‐lying Pr3+ 4f5d energy levels with the 4f levels. Here, the straightforward JO parametrization method that uses the emission spectrum and the excited state lifetime of the Pr3+ 3P0 level which does not require any fitting procedure are shown. In addition, the theory and software for calculations of JO parameters from Pr3+ emission are explained. The method requirements are low‐temperature photoluminescence measurements of Pr3+ introduced in low phonon energy hosts with a relatively high lying 4f5d energy level. The method is demonstrated on emissions of YF3:Pr3+ and LaF3:Pr3+ powders.
Extraction of allelochemicals from germinated wheat seeds and their inhibitory effects on cucumber
Authors: Bai Jingwen , Bai Xuedong , Yang Yu , Tao Bo
Published: April 2021

Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of allelochemicals from germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds was optimized by using response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions (temperature 70 °C, power 283 W, liquid/solid ratio 17 L kg–1 and time 20.0 min), the inhibitory rate of allelochemicals on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds germination was 64.21±1.99%. Three main allelochemicals including p‐Hydroxybenzoic acid, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and 3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. These allelochemicals significantly inhibited the growth of cucumber seeding and root. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased and root vitality and amylase activity decreased after the treatment of allelochemicals. Glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione transferase activities rose first and then fell with the allelochemicals concentration increased. These results suggested that the extract from germinated wheat seeds could inhibit the growth of cucumber by affecting the physiological and biochemical processes in cucumber.
Sleep‐disordered breathing and its management in children with rare skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Nguyen Duy Bo , Khirani Sonia , Griffon Lucie , Baujat Geneviève , Michot Caroline , Marzin Pauline , Rondeau Sophie , Luscan Romain , Couloigner Vincent , Pejin Zagorka , Zerah Michel , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Fauroux Brigitte
Published: April 2021

Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is common in patients with skeletal dysplasias. The aim of our study was to analyze SDB and respiratory management in children with rare skeletal dysplasias. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC), metatropic dysplasia (MD), spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), acrodysostosis (ADO), geleophysic dysplasia (GD), acromicric dysplasia (AD), and spondylocostal dysplasia (SCD) between April 2014 and October 2020. Polygraphic data, clinical management, and patients' outcome were analyzed. Thirty‐one patients were included (8 SEDC, 3 MD, 4 SEMD, 1 ADO, 4 GD, 3 AD, and 8 SCD). Sixteen patients had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): 11 patients (2 with SEDC, 1 with SEMD, 1 with ADO, 1 with GD, 2 with AD, and 4 with SCD) had mild OSA, 2 (1 SEMD and 1 GD) had moderate OSA, and 3 (1 SEDC, 1 MD, 1 SEMD) had severe OSA. Adenotonsillectomy was performed in one patient with SCD and mild OSA, and at a later age in two other patients with ADO and AD. The two patients with moderate OSA were treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) because of nocturnal hypoxemia. The three patients with severe OSA were treated with adenotonsillectomy (1 SEDC), adeno‐turbinectomy and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; 1 MD), and with NIV (1 SEMD) because of nocturnal hypoventilation. OSA and/or alveolar hypoventilation is common in patients with skeletal dysplasias, underlining the importance of systematic screening for SDB. CPAP and NIV are effective treatments for OSA and nocturnal hypoventilation/hypoxemia.
Synthesis of polyols containing nitrogen‐phosphorus from vegetable oil derivatives for polyurethane film applications
Authors: Wang Hanying , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Pingbo , Zhao Huihang , Zhao Minzhong , Deng Jianneng , Cao Zhiliang
Published: April 2021

Methyl oleate, a kind of vegetable oil derivatives, was used as the raw material to synthesize novel polyols containing nitrogen and phosphorus (PNP) by three steps: amidaion, epoxidation, and ring‐opening reaction. The structure of the ensuing PNP was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, polyurethane films were prepared by mixing the resulting polyols (PNP) and poly‐(tetra methylene glycol) with isophorone diisocyanate in different proportions. After that, the thermostability of polyurethane films was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetry, and cone calorimeter test. Similarly, mechanical property of polyurethane films was studied by tensile test. The results showed that as the amount of PNP increased, the tensile strength of polyurethane films increased from 2.0 to 13.5 MPa, the LOI values of polyurethane films went up from 20.1% to 25.5%. Moreover, the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane films improved from 280 to 312°C and the total heat release drooped from 32.2 to 21.7 kW/m2without adding any other flame retardant. Therefore, it was observed that the polyurethane films have superior thermal stability and mechanical property and appear suitable for a wide range of applications.
Estimating costs for nitrate and perchlorate treatment for small drinking water systems
Authors: Khera Rajiv , Ransom Pat , Guttridge Mark , Speth Thomas F.
Published: April 2021

When choosing a treatment technology for nitrate or perchlorate removal, drinking water utilities overwhelmingly choose ion exchange. However, of late, biological treatment and point‐of‐use systems have received a great deal of attention. This article utilizes several new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency models to estimate the cost of nitrate and perchlorate treatment for small drinking water systems. The analysis here shows that, when comparing the three technologies for a typical set of design choices and drinking water quality conditions, the least‐cost option varies among the three depending on system size. This relationship varies with changes to the water quality and design factors such as, but not restricted to, influent nitrate and perchlorate concentrations, the choice of residual management options, and the presence of co‐contaminants and competing ions.

Article Impact Statement

Small systems that struggle with nitrate and perchlorate contamination will benefit from this evaluation of treatment costs.
Orbitrap‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics study on the therapeutic effect of colchicine on myocardial infarction
Authors: Wen Wei , Zhang Zhongxiao , Jiang Bing , Hao Ying
Published: April 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A metabolomic approach based on an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–Orbitrap analytical method was established to analyze the metabolites and to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of colchicine. Forty‐six biomarkers were significantly changed between the sham group and the MI group. Thirty‐five metabolites were increased and 11 were decreased in MI rats, and colchicine reversed all of them. Pathway analysis showed that the TCA cycle, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis were altered in the MI group. Ingenuity pathway function and network analysis showed that colchicine improved MI through regulation of cardiac β‐adrenergic signaling and cardiac hypertrophy signaling. The present study provided a useful approach for exploring the mechanism of MI and evaluating the efficacy of colchicine.
Establishing the optimal duration of DAPT following PCI in high‐risk TWILIGHT‐like patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yu , Mo Ran , Guan Chang‐Dong , Wang Yang , Zhao Yan‐Yan , Xie Li‐Hua , Zhang Rui , Cai Zhong‐Xing , Xu Bo , Dou Ke‐Fei
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To determine the association of extended‐term (>12‐month) versus short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ischemic and hemorrhagic events in high‐risk “TWILIGHT‐like” patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in clinical practice.

Background

Recent emphasis on shorter DAPT regimen after PCI irrespective of indication for PCI may fail to account for the substantial residual risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in ACS patients.

Methods

All consecutive patients fulfilling the “TWILIGHT‐like” criteria undergoing PCI were identified from the prospective Fuwai PCI Registry. High‐risk patients (n = 8,358) were defined by at least one clinical and one angiographic feature based on TWILIGHT trial selection criteria. The primary ischemic endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 months, composed of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke while BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding was key secondary outcome.

Results

Of 4,875 high‐risk ACS patients who remained event‐free at 12 months after PCI, DAPT>12‐month compared with shorter DAPT reduced the primary ischemic endpoint by 63% (1.5 vs. 3.8%; HRadj: 0.374, 95% CI: 0.256–0.548; HRmatched: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.221–0.590). The HR for cardiovascular death was 0.049 (0.007–0.362) and that for MI 0.45 (0.153–1.320) and definite/probable stent thrombosis 0.296 (0.080–1.095) in propensity‐matched analyses. Rates of BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding (0.9 vs. 1.3%; HRadj: 0.668 [0.379–1.178]; HRmatched: 0.721 [0.369–1.410]) did not differ significantly between two groups.

Conclusions

Among high‐risk ACS patients undergoing PCI, long‐term DAPT, compared with shorter DAPT, reduced ischemic events without a concomitant increase in clinically meaning bleeding events, suggesting that prolonged DAPT can be considered in ACS patients who present with a particularly higher risk for thrombotic complications without excessive risk of bleeding.
Dual Control of Peptide Conformation with Light and Metal Coordination
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Torner Justin , Arora Paramjit S. , Maayan Galia
Published: April 2021

The design of a stimuli‐responsive peptide whose conformation is controlled by wavelength‐specific light and metal coordination is described. The peptide adopts a defined tertiary structure and its conformation can be modulated between an α‐helical coiled coil and β‐sheet. The peptide is designed with a hydrophobic interface to induce coiled coil formation and is based on a recently described strategy to obtain switchable helix dimers. Herein, we endowed the helix dimer with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HQ) groups to achieve metal coordination and shift to a β‐sheet structure. It was found that the conformational shift only occurs upon introduction of Zn2+; other metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Mg2, and Ni2+) do not offer switching likely due to non‐specific metal‐peptide coordination. A control peptide lacking the metal‐coordinating residues does not show conformational switching with Zn2+ supporting the role of this metal in stabilizing the β‐sheet conformation in a defined manner.
Loneliness and symptom burden in oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Miaskowski Christine , Paul Steven M. , Snowberg Karin , Abbott Maura , Borno Hala T. , Chang Susan M. , Chen Lee May , Cohen Bevin , Cooper Bruce A. , Hammer Marilyn J. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Kober Kord M. , Laffan Angela , Levine Jon D. , Pozzar Rachel , Rhoads Kim , Tsai Katy K. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Van Loon Katherine
Published: April 2021

Background

Loneliness and social isolation are significant public health problems that are being exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Little is known about the associations between loneliness and symptom burden in oncology patients before and during the pandemic. Study purposes include determining the prevalence of loneliness in a sample of oncology patients; evaluating for differences in demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics between lonely and nonlonely patients; and determining which demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics were associated with membership in the lonely group.

Methods

A convenience sample (n = 606) completed online surveys that evaluated the severity of loneliness, social isolation, and common symptoms (ie, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and pain) in oncology patients. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for differences in scores between the lonely and nonlonely groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for membership in the loneliness group.

Results

Of the 606 patients, 53.0% were categorized in the lonely group. The lonely group reported higher levels of social isolation, as well as higher symptom severity scores for all of the symptoms evaluated. In the multivariate model, being unmarried, having higher levels of social isolation, as well as higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with membership in the lonely group.

Conclusions

Study findings suggest that a significant number of oncology patients are experiencing loneliness, most likely as a result of mandate social distancing and isolation procedures. The symptom burden of these patients is extremely high and warrants clinical evaluation and interventions.
Role of induction chemotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Abdelmeguid Ahmed S. , Silver Natalie L. , Boonsripitayanon Mongkol , Glisson Bonnie S. , Ferrarotto Renata , Gunn G. Brandon , Phan Jack , Gillenwater Ann M. , Hanna Ehab Y.
Published: April 2021

Background

Patients with locoregionally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) have a poor survival outcome. Treatment involves extensive surgery, adjuvant radiation, or chemoradiation and results in high morbidity. In this study, the authors' objective was to evaluate their experience with induction chemotherapy (IC) in the treatment of locoregionally advanced OCSCC.

Methods

A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients with locoregionally advanced (stage III and IV) OCSCC who received IC followed by definitive local therapy was conducted. Outcomes included response to IC and survival.

Results

In total, 120 patients were included in the study. The overall stage was stage IV in 79.2% of patients. After 2 cycles of IC, 76 patients (63.3%) achieved at least a partial response, including 13 who had a complete response. Stable disease was observed in 30 patients (25%), and 14 patients (11.7%) had progressive disease. Among responders, 16 patients received definitive chemoradiation or radiation therapy, and 60 underwent surgical resection, of whom 15 had less extensive surgery than was originally planned. Overall, organ preservation was achieved in 40.8% of patients who had a favorable response to IC. The 5‐year overall and disease‐specific survival rates were 51.4% and 66.9%, respectively. Patients who had at least a partial response had better 5‐year overall survival (60.1%) and disease‐specific survival (78.5%) compared with nonresponders (33.8% and 46.4%, respectively).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate a response rate to IC in patients with advanced OCSCC similar to what has been observed in patients with cancer in other head and neck subsites. Patients who achieved at least a partial response to IC had a more favorable outcome, with ensuing organ preservation. Further studies are warranted.
Recent Developments in Polymeric Assemblies and Functional Materials by Halogen Bonding
Authors: Biswas Subhendu , Das Anindita
Published: April 2021

Polymers have long been known to us for their versatile utility in our daily lives. With many years of successful advancement in controlled polymer synthesis and supramolecular chemistry, currently an amalgamation of these two fields is becoming increasingly important for generating modern‐day emerging polymeric materials. Hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions like π‐stacking, host‐guest interaction, electrostatic interaction, metal‐ligand coordination have been explored much to this context, unlike the recently emerged halogen bonding, which indeed shows advantageous features like superior hydrophobicity, directionality and polar solvent resistance compared to ubiquitous hydrogen bonding. Hence, rendering these properties of halogen bonding into polymeric domain for generating functional materials for application in advance nanotechnologies is highly desirable. In the recent years, substantial progress has been made in fulfilling this challenging goal. This is evident from the escalating number of scientific publications in this research area every year. In this minireview, we have summarized the most recent developments in the field of halogen bonded polymeric assemblies and supramolecular polymers and discussed them in the context of their emerging materials properties and functions. Emphasis is given on highlighting various design criteria adopted in crystal engineering, covalent and supramolecular polymers in the past five years for constructing diverse organic functional materials, viz. liquid crystals, photoresponsive and photochromic materials, biomaterials and gels, self‐healing materials and many others by virtue of this highly directional supramolecular tool. In conclusion, a brief perspective on the advantages, challenges and future prospects in this rapidly growing field of research is discussed.
The Solvent Effect on H2O2 Generation at Room Temperature Ionic Liquid|Water Interface
Authors: Kalisz Justyna , Nogala Wojciech , Adamiak Wojciech , Gocyla Mateusz , Girault Hubert H. , Opallo Marcin
Published: April 2021

H2O2 is a versatile chemical and can be generated by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton donor solution in molecular solvents or room temperature ionic liquids (IL). We investigated this reaction at interfaces formed by eleven hydrophobic ILs and acidic aqueous solution as a proton source with decamethylferrocene (DMFc) as an electron donor. H2O2 is generated in colorimetrically detectable amounts in biphasic systems formed by alkyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate or tetraalkylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids. H2O2 fluxes were estimated close to liquid|liquid interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Contrary to the interfaces formed by hydrophobic electrolyte solution in a molecular solvent, H2O2 generation is followed by cation expulsion to the aqueous phase. Weak correlation between the H2O2 flux and the difference between DMFc/DMFc+ redox potential and 2 electron ORR standard potential indicates kinetic control of the reaction.
Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in participants with personality disorders
Authors: Marco José H. , Fernandez‐Felipe Isabel , Fonseca Sara , Garcia‐Palacios Azucena , Baños Rosa , Guillen Verónica
Published: April 2021

Emotional dysregulation is a key symptom in participants with personality disorders. The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) has been studied with nonclinical samples; however, it is necessary to confirm the factorial structure of the ERQ in participants with personality disorders. The aims of the present study were to confirm the factorial structure of the Spanish version of the ERQ and analyse its psychometric properties as well as the association between the ERQ and the Borderline Symptoms List (BSL‐23) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The overall sample was composed of 250 patients with personality disorders, of whom 195 met the criteria for borderline personality disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The two‐factor model showed an acceptable fit, similar to the original structure, in the participants with personality disorders and with borderline personality disorder. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with the DERS and BSL‐23, and expressive suppression was positively correlated with the BSL‐23. The ERQ is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate emotional dysregulation in participants with personality disorders and participants with borderline personality disorder.
Analysis, control, and modeling of the three‐port converter without port voltage constraint for photovoltaic/battery system application
Authors: Tian Qingxin , Zhou Guohua , Leng Minrui , Xu Guodong , Fan Xianyan , Yan Tiesheng
Published: April 2021

For a photovoltaic (PV)/battery power system consisting of PV module, energy storage system, and local load, using a three‐port converter (TPC) instead of several single‐input converters is more desirable, such as simpler circuit, higher efficiency, lower cost, and centralized control without communication circuit. In this paper, a TPC is proposed and analyzed, which includes operating modes, steady‐state performance, and parameter design. Compared with other converters, the proposed TPC has a low cost, compact structure, and a more flexible voltage relationship among all ports. Moreover, energy management and control methods are further proposed for PV/battery systems based on the proposed converter, which can achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV module and constant output voltage. In order to design the control loop and realize multivariable optimal control, a small‐signal model of the converter is obtained in each operation mode. Then a detailed decoupling design approach based on a small‐signal model is provided to allow a separate controller design for the proposed converter. Finally, the validity of the proposed converter and its energy management and control method are verified by experimental results.
Genetic reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis by 193 Y‐SNPs and 27 Y‐STRs in a Chinese Yi ethnic group
Authors: Wang Fei , Song Feng , Song Mengyuan , Li Jienan , Xie Mingkun , Hou Yiping
Published: April 2021

Yi is the seventh‐largest ethnic group in China and features mountainous regional characteristics. The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is the largest Yi agglomeration with isolated geographical conditions, profoundly impeding genetic communication. Here, we investigated 427 unrelated males of Liangshan from 193 Y‐chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y‐SNPs) and 27 Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) to reveal the genetic structure and paternal phylogeny of the group. The haplogroup diversity reached 0.9169 with 46 different subhaplogroups by 193 Y‐SNPs, and the haplotype diversity reached 0.9999 by 27 Y‐STR loci. Multidimensional scaling (MDS), N‐J tree, and Network were constructed to decipher and visualize the genetic relations between Yi and worldwide groups. Our results revealed: (1) the Network by Y‐STRs and Y‐SNPs showed the haplogroup D1a1a‐M15 in the Liangshan Yi population was a ramification of Tibetan groups’ expansion from west to east on the plateau; (2) the haplogroup distribution and the mismatch mutation analysis indicated the haplogroup O2a2b1a1a1a4a2‐Z25929 of Liangshan Yi derived from manifold Southeast Asian immigrants; (3) a high‐resolution Y‐SNPs panel is vital to depict accurate paternal derivations and build an integrated and refining genetic structure of ethnic groups.
Rebound behaviors of hydrophilic particle on gas bubble: effect of particle size and liquid properties
Authors: Wang Cong , Liu Yefei , Xu Lei , Qiu Meizhong , Jiang Hong , Chen Rizhi
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The interaction between particles and bubbles commonly occurs in catalysis, flotation and medical processes. Compared with the overwhelming amount of research dedicated to particle adhesion on gas bubbles, there is less on the rebound behaviors of hydrophilic particles on bubbles. Carrying out studies in order to understand the effect of particle size and liquid properties on rebound behaviors becomes an essential task.

RESULTS

The rebound velocity and angle of a particle are small when a collision takes place near the top surface of a bubble. At the bubble top, gravity counteracts the upward rebound. Smaller rebound velocity is found for small particles due to inertia. The contact time between particle and bubble increases with an increase in particle size. The surface tension almost has no effect on the rebound velocity and angle of particles. By increasing liquid viscosity, the rebound velocity of the particles decreases and the contact time increases.

CONCLUSIONS

A hydrophilic particle cannot adhere on a gas bubble in pure water. However, at very large viscosity, adhesion takes places. In processes where longer contact time between hydrophilic particle and gas bubble is desirable, increasing liquid viscosity and particle size should be the choice, while efforts to change the surface tension are found to be unnecessary. Hydrophilic activated carbon particles have better dispersion in water and shorter contact time on bubble surfaces than hydrophobic N‐doped carbon particles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Context matters: Integration of social determinants of health in AEGD and GPR curricula
Authors: Jiang Tien , Ticku Shenam , Alamer Nora , Alhazmi Hesham , Harvan Robin A. , Riedy Christine A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To examine the integration of social determinants of health (SDH) in the US Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) and General Practice Residency (GPR) programs.

Methods

This study used an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods approach. A 46‐question survey was sent to all 265 AEGD and GPR programs in February 2019. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing SDH curricular inclusion. A convenience sample of program directors (PDs) was interviewed between June and December 2019. Through content analysis, themes and subthemes were identified.

Results

Of the 265 AEGD and GPR PDs, 111 completed the survey (42% response rate). Almost three‐quarters of PDs (72%) agreed that it was important for residents to understand basic SDH concepts. However, programs lacked eight of the 10 surveyed SDH subtopics. The odds of teaching five or more SDH subtopics were 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02–0.41) for programs with none‐to‐minimal levels of SDH integration in their clinical settings compared to close‐to‐fully integrated ones. Coding of PD interviews (N = 13) identified five major themes: 1. influences to integrate SDH, 2. training strategies, outcomes, and outputs, 3. reasons for training strategies, 4. barriers and solutions, and 5. future integration goals. Most PDs cited delivering SDH content during patient care and reported time and organizational culture being barriers to more curricular inclusion.

Conclusions

AEGD and GPR curricula are deficient in SDH content and risk underpreparing residents for caring for the underserved. PDs and organizational leaders must prioritize SDH inclusion in order to train dentists for integrated person‐centered care.
The effectiveness of using the perioscope as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy: Clinical and radiographic results
Authors: Naicker Meloshini , Ngo Luan H. , Rosenberg Adam J. , Darby Ivan B.
Published: April 2021

Background

It is well known that following root surface debridement (RSD) residual deposits remain. Periodontal endoscopy has provided a method of directly visualizing root surfaces during periodontal debridement in an intact pocket without the need for surgical incision. The aim of this study was to determine if periodontal debridement using endoscopic visualization was more effective in improving clinical and radiographic parameters as compared to RSD.

Methods

Thirty‐eight subjects were randomized into RSD with perioscope (n = 19) or RSD only (n = 19) groups. A full‐mouth evaluation included probing pocket depths (PPDs), clinical attachment levels (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque scores (PI) recorded at baseline, 3 and 12 months and compared among groups. Radiographs were taken at sites with deepest pockets at baseline and 12‐month and the change in radiographic bone levels (RBL) compared. An independent samples T‐test was used to assess statistical significance.

Results

Both groups had significant improvements in clinical outcomes. The test (T) group had a significantly lower percentage of PPDs 7 to 9 mm at three (0.72 ± 1.2%) and 12 months (0.5 ± 1.0%) as compared with the control (C) group (2.25 ± 2.9%; 1.84 ± 2.3%). At 12 months, the test group recorded a significantly lower mean PPD (T: 2.70 + 0.2 mm; C: 2.98 ± 0.4 mm), BOP% (T: 4.3 ± 3.2%; C: 11.95 ± 7.1%), PI% (T: 25.61 ± 3.9%; C: 30.11 ± 6.3%) and less change in gingival recession (T: ‐0.13 ± 0.2 mm; C: ‐0.50 ± 0.6 mm) (P < 0.05). More radiographic bone gain was observed in the test group (0.69 ± 0.3 mm) as compared with the control group (0.49 ± 0.2 mm). This was also observed around multi‐rooted teeth (T: 0.83 ± 0.45 mm; C: 0.46 ± 0.36 mm).

Conclusion

The adjunctive use of the perioscope provided a slight benefit to the outcomes of non‐surgical therapy particularly at deeper probing depths.
Effect of different shrub species on their sub‐canopy soil and vegetation properties in semiarid regions
Authors: Erfanzadeh Reza , Yazdani Moslem , Arani Asghar Mosleh
Published: April 2021

Shrubs are one of the most dominant plant types in semiarid ecosystems all over the world. What remains to be investigated is how soil and vegetation characteristics vary under canopy of different species of shrubs in these regions. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effect of three shrub species (Amygdalus scoparia,Ebenus stellata, andDaphne mezereum) on soil and vegetation characteristics under their canopies in semiarid rangelands in Iran for restoration purposes of degraded areas. Fifteen sites were selected in such three shrub species, which were found close to each other in each site. Soil and vegetation characteristics were measured under the shrubs, comparing with outside the shrub canopies (control). One‐way ANOVA and nonmetric dimensional scaling were used to clarify the differences of the effects of different shrub species on sub‐canopy soil and plants. The results indicated that the effect of different species of shrubs on soil properties was not equal, more pronounced byA. scoparia. Similarly, the highest value of Shannon‐Wiener diversity was recorded underA. scoparia(2.07) as compared withD. mezerum(1.76),E. stellata(1.41) (F = 32.25,p <  0.01). The highest and lowest values of Menhinick richness index were observed underA. scoparia(3.43) andE. stellata(1.46), respectively (1.41) (F = 13.30,p <  0.01). Compared with two other shrubs, a taller canopy inA. scoparia(3.50 m vs. 2.60 m and 1.83 m) probably led to greater litter input by the shrub. Different effects of different species of shrubs on sub‐canopy soil and vegetation should be considered in the restoration projects of degraded semiarid rangelands.
A model‐driven approach for deployment descriptor design in network function virtualization
Authors: Atoui Wassim Sellil , Assy Nour , Gaaloul Walid , Ben Yahia Imen Grida
Published: April 2021

Service providers in network function virtualization usually design manually or with static automation the deployment descriptors for virtual network functions. The descriptors are semi‐structured files that contain information about the resource requirements and the operational behavior of virtual network functions. Designing the descriptors manually and without formal strategies is certainly a cumbersome and error‐prone task for service providers. In this work, we propose a model‐driven approach that assists service providers in designing the deployment descriptors. This approach uses a configurable model iteratively to give service providers insights on which best configuration to choose. Concretely, we propose (1) to use a configurable deployment descriptor model, (2) a learning approach based on machine learning to automatically construct the configurable model, and (3) an approach that learns configuration guidelines from a catalog of deployment descriptors to assist service providers with the selection of the configuration to use. The configurable deployment descriptor model captures the relation and also the variability between the virtualized network function (VNF) elements from different deployment descriptors. We propose a learning approach to build the configurable deployment descriptor model by finding and federating similar VNF elements from different deployment descriptors. With our machine learning approach, we construct automatically the configurable model from a set of deployment descriptors. We use afterward the configurable model to learn configuration guidelines from the deployment descriptors and recommend them for service providers. The results of our experiments highlight the effectiveness of our approach to learning configurable deployment descriptor models.
Does share‐holding pattern affect firm performance? Evidence from India
Authors: Singh Geeta , Kumar Satish , Vijayalakshmi Sedidi , Bhattacharjee Kaushik
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the impact of promoters and institutional investors' equity ownership on the firm performance in the Indian context. Using a sample of 1583 firms during 2010–2019, our results suggest a positive relation between promoter ownership and firm performance, supporting the alignment effect, where the interests of promoters and managers align in the same direction. On the one hand, our results support the global advantage hypothesis in that the foreign institutional investors (FIIs) positively impact the firm performance, implying that the FIIs are vigilant shareholders, and actively monitor the firm performance. On the other hand, we reject the hometown advantage hypothesis since the domestic institutional investors (DIIs) like banks and other financial institutions are found to have negative relation with firm performance. Overall, we conclude that shareholding pattern does affect the firm performance. Our results are insensitive to various robustness tests.
The flavonoid, kaempferol‐3‐O‐apiofuranosyl‐7‐O‐rhamnopyranosyl, as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer with a promoting effect on ovarian function
Authors: Harrath Abdel Halim , Jalouli Maroua , Oueslati Mohamed Habib , Farah Mohammad Abul , Feriani Anouar , Aldahmash Waleed , Aldawood Nouf , Al‐Anazi Khalid , Falodah Fawaz , Swelum Ayman , Alwasel Saleh
Published: April 2021

It is widely known that breast cancer cells eventually develop resistance to hormonal drugs and chemotherapies, which often compromise fertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the flavonoid, kaempferol‐3‐O‐apiofuranosyl‐7‐O‐rhamnopyranosyl (KARP), on 1) the viability of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and 2) ovarian function in rats. A dose‐dependent decrease in MCF‐7 cell survival was observed, and the IC50 value was found to be 48 μg/ml. Cells in the control group or those exposed to increasing concentrations of KARP experienced a similar generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. For the rats, estradiol levels correlated negatively to KARP dosages, although a recovery was obtained at administration of 30 mg/kg per day. Noteworthily, when compared against the control, this dosage led to significant increases in mRNA levels for CYP19, CYP17a, CCND2, GDF9, and INSL3 among the treatment groups, and ER1 and ER2 mRNA levels decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. KARP shows great promise as an ideal therapy for breast cancer patients since it induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancerous cells without harming fertility in our animal model. Future investigations on humans are necessary to substantiate these findings and determine its efficacy as a general line of treatment.
Unexpected cardio‐circulatory arrest during a brain‐dead donor organ retrieval
Authors: Chen Pei‐Hsing , Shih Yu‐Shan , Chiu Ching‐Tang , Huang Shu‐Chien , Hsu Hsao‐Hsun
Published: April 2021

According to the Maastricht classification category of donation after circulatory death (DCD), type IV DCD refers to brain‐dead donors who are re‐categorized after unexpected circulatory arrest before donor organ retrieval. Clinical management is challenging, even in intensive care units, where most of this type of organ donation occurs. We report a case of the first successful lung transplantation (LTx) using type IV DCD organ in Taiwan. The recipient's recovery was satisfactory, without acute or chronic organ dysfunction. When unexpected events made the brain‐dead donors suffer from sudden onset of cardiac arrest before or during organ donation surgery, immediately switching the retrieval protocol from donation after brain death (DBD) to DCD could expand the donor pool and increase organ supply. The well‐prepared and experienced transplant team and prompt protocol switch made this transplant surgery possible.
Confidence interval estimation for sensitivity and difference between two sensitivities at a given specificity under tree ordering
Authors: Gao Yi , Tian Lili
Published: April 2021

This article considers a setting in diagnostic studies (or biomarker study) which involves a healthy class and a diseased class and the latter consists of several subclasses. The problem of interest is to evaluate the accuracy of a biomarker (or a diagnostic test) measured on a continuous scale correctly identifying healthy subjects from diseased subjects without requiring specification of an ordering in terms of marker values for subclasses relative to each other within the diseased class. Such setting is quite common in practice and it falls in the framework of tree ordering or umbrella ordering. This article explores several parametric and nonparametric approaches for estimating confidence intervals of sensitivity of single biomarker and difference between sensitivities of two correlated biomarkers under tree ordering at a given specificity. The performances of all the methods are evaluated and compared by a comprehensive simulation study. A published microarray data set is analyzed using the proposed methods.
Biomarker‐guided heterogeneity analysis of genetic regulations via multivariate sparse fusion
Authors: Zhang Sanguo , Hu Xiaonan , Luo Ziye , Jiang Yu , Sun Yifan , Ma Shuangge
Published: April 2021

Heterogeneity is a hallmark of many complex diseases. There are multiple ways of defining heterogeneity, among which the heterogeneity in genetic regulations, for example, gene expressions (GEs) by copy number variations (CNVs), and methylation, has been suggested but little investigated. Heterogeneity in genetic regulations can be linked with disease severity, progression, and other traits and is biologically important. However, the analysis can be very challenging with the high dimensionality of both sides of regulation as well as sparse and weak signals. In this article, we consider the scenario where subjects form unknown subgroups, and each subgroup has unique genetic regulation relationships. Further, such heterogeneity is “guided” by a known biomarker. We develop a multivariate sparse fusion (MSF) approach, which innovatively applies the penalized fusion technique to simultaneously determine the number and structure of subgroups and regulation relationships within each subgroup. An effective computational algorithm is developed, and extensive simulations are conducted. The analysis of heterogeneity in the GE‐CNV regulations in melanoma and GE‐methylation regulations in stomach cancer using the TCGA data leads to interesting findings.
Construction of Tissue‐Level Cancer‐Vascular Model with High‐Precision Position Control via In Situ 3D Cell Printing
Authors: Kim Byoung Soo , Cho Won‐Woo , Gao Ge , Ahn Minjun , Kim Jongmin , Cho Dong‐Woo
Published: April 2021

During tumor progression, the size and location of the tumor are important factors closely associated with the metastatic potential of the cancer as they largely govern tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis. However, despite the achievements of previous studies, these critical factors are poorly studied, mainly due to the lack of a flexible technique that can readily control 3D tumor mimicking constructs and their spatial relations with vasculature. Here, a novel tissue‐level platform consisting of a metastatic cancer unit (MCU) and a perfusable vascular endothelium system (VES) is presented using in situ 3D cell printing. Size‐tunable and position‐controllable 3D cancer spheroids (500–1000 µm) are directly printed within the established bath bioink with a self‐driven perfusable vascular channel. The cancer‐vascular interactions are generated through controlling the distance between MCU and VES to investigate metastasis‐associated changes at adjacent and distal regions. The result shows that MCU in 600 µm diameter includes hypoxia, invasion, and angiogenetic signaling. The further observations demonstrate that the proximity of MCU to VES augments the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCU and vascular dysfunction/inflammation in VES, corroborating the positional significance in tumor metastasis. The platform with the precise‐positioning control enables the recapitulation of patient's detailed metastatic progression, opening the chance for precision cancer medicine.
Predictive Voltage Control Scheme Based on Estimation of Short‐Time‐Ahead Voltage Fluctuation in Distribution System withPVs
Authors: Yoshizawa Shinya , Hayashi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a predictive voltage control scheme baseda on short‐time‐ahead voltage fluctuation estimation in a distribution system for achieving high penetration of photovoltaic generation. In the proposed control scheme, the short‐time‐ahead voltage fluctuation is estimated from the previously measured voltage of the sensor, and the voltage regulator operates to minimize the expected voltage violation risk in the entire distribution system. Because there is no requirement for real‐time sensor‐measured voltage values, as required in centralized voltage control schemes, the proposed scheme is an autonomous control scheme that uses only the present secondary voltage of the voltage regulator. The proposed control scheme was tested on a large‐scale distribution system model to which thousands of customers are connected, and the voltage control performance was evaluated using the monthly measurement data that was in terms of voltage violation amount and number of tap operations. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Toward a relational approach in global climate governance: Exploring the role of trust
Authors: Marion Suiseeya Kimberly R. , Elhard Diana K. , Paul Christopher John
Published: April 2021

What role does trust play in global climate governance? For decades, claims of mistrust and distrust have dominated climate change policy arenas: doubts about climate change science and disagreements over rights and responsibilities related to mitigation, adaptation, loss, and damages undermine trust, impeding progress toward effective global climate action. And although frequently invoked in explanations of weak or failed climate action, there is limited research exploring the role oftrustas a distinct concept in global climate governance. Here we seek to address this gap by developing a relational framework that focuses attention on how trust dynamics shape cooperation in four types of relationships: reliance, reciprocity, responsibility, and recognition. Applying this framework to the UNFCCC, we consider how efforts like expanded participation impact the relational landscape in global climate governance. We focus in particular on Indigenous Peoples and non‐state actors to demonstrate how the UNFCCC's efforts to address its legitimacy and credibility problems have neither adequately considered trust nor created opportunities to develop the transformative relationships needed for more effective climate governance. We suggest that greater attention to trust can help scholars and practitioners better understand how relational phenomena shape the landscape of governance possibilities.

This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
The impacts of heat stress on animal cognition: Implications for adaptation to a changing climate
Authors: Soravia Camilla , Ashton Benjamin J. , Thornton Alex , Ridley Amanda R.
Published: April 2021

With global surface air temperature rising rapidly, extensive research effort has been dedicated to assessing the consequences of this change for wildlife. While impacts on the phenology, distribution, and demography of wild animal populations are well documented, the impact of increasing temperature on cognition in these populations has received relatively little attention. Cognition encompasses the mental mechanisms that allow individuals to process information from the surrounding environment, respond accordingly, and flexibly adjust behavior. Hence, it is likely to be a key factor in allowing animals to adjust adaptively to climate change. Captive studies show that heat stress can negatively affect cognitive performance not only in the short‐term but also in the long‐term, by altering cognitive development at early life stages. Field studies indicate that cognitive performance may affect survival and reproductive success. However, the link between heat stress, cognition, and fitness in wild animals has yet to be formally established. We propose a comprehensive research framework for the collection of robust empirical datasets on heat stress and cognitive performance in the wild. We then suggest how knowledge of heat stress impacts on cognitive performance could be applied to population viability models and wildlife management actions. We believe that a joint research effort encompassing the fields of thermal physiology, behavioral ecology, comparative cognition, and conservation science, is essential to provide timely mitigation measures against the potential impacts of climate change on wildlife.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes