bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-Enterprise and Personalisation
Authors: Needham Catherine , Allen Kerry , Hall Kelly
Published: September 2017

Shifts to independent delivery of health and social care services has led to increased numbers of micro-enterprises. Could these tiny organisations with just 5 or fewer employees be the best way of delivering cost-effective health and social care services in the context of decreased budgets and increased demands? What size is 'just right' for a care provider? This book explores size as an independent variable in care services, comparing outcomes and value for money across micro, small, medium and large organisations. Using interviews and surveys with 108 people using services and careers in 27 case study organisations it focuses on the contribution micro-enterprise can make to the care sector. Findings indicate that the quality of service provided by small organisations does support the assumption of an affinity between being small and being personalised. Small and micro-enterprises can deliver more personalised services, particularly in the home. They also offer better outcomes than larger providers for a similar cost. However stability can be a problem for micro-enterprises, particularly those that employ staff and need to have a relatively consistent financial turnover. The Care Act 2014 creates a conducive policy environment for micro-enterprise, as local authorities must stimulate a diverse local market and facilitate personalisation of services. However the challenges of austerity are a powerful counterweight, discouraging the sorts of innovative and experimentation which would allow micro-enterprise to thrive.
Enacting personalisation on a micro scale
Authors: Needham Catherine , Allen Kerry , Hall Kelly
Published: September 2017

An outcomes orientation can be described as taking a ‘black box’ approach which does not explain how outcomes are achieved. In this chapter the focus is on the process of care in order to explain how far services are personalised, drawing on data from the 143 people interviewed. It discusses the enactment of personalisation, highlighting the ways in which very small organisations seem to be able to adapt more flexibly to people’s desire for sustained and trusting relationships in a care context. The more personalised care provided by the smaller organisations seemed to stem from their greater continuity of frontline staff compared to large care providers, the greater autonomy of frontline staff to vary the service being offered, and the high level of familiarity of managers with individual clients and staff.
Social work academia and policy in South Africa
Authors: Lombard Antoinette
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the engagement of social work academics in the policy process in South Africa. It begins by presenting an overview of social policy in South Africa, particularly in the post-Apartheid era, and by discussing the emergence of the social work profession in that country. The development of social work education in South Africa and its contemporary features are then depicted. Following these, the methodology and the findings of a study of the policy engagement of social work academics in South Africa are presented. The findings relate to the levels of engagement in policy and the forms that this takes. The study also offers insights into various factors that are associated with these, such as perceptions, capabilities, institutional support and the accessibility of the policy process. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the findings and their implications.
Social work academia and policy in the United Kingdom
Authors: McLaughlin Hugh , Tan Jo-Pei
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the engagement of social work academics in the policy process in the United Kingdom. It begins by presenting an overview of social policy in the United Kingdom and by discussing the emergence of the social work profession in that country. The development of social work education in the United Kingdom and its contemporary features are then depicted. Following these, the methodology and the findings of a study of the policy engagement of UK social work academics are presented. The findings relate to the levels of engagement in policy and the forms that this takes. The study also offers insights into various factors that are associated with these, such as perceptions, capabilities, institutional support and the accessibility of the policy process. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the findings and their implications.
I am a human being
Authors: Scott Sam
Published: September 2017

I am also human

I need food on the table

a job to go to

dignity

I am not invisible

I am also human

I will break if you send me to war

I will rot if you leave me in a trench

I am fragile goods...
Direct workplace controls
Authors: Scott Sam
Published: September 2017

Controls from inside and outside the workplace are used to produce and reproduce ‘good’ and ‘better’ workers (however ‘good’ and ‘better’ are defined). It is difficult to judge, however, when and where controls over workers become excessive and oppressive and therefore exploitative. A starting point in this respect is to map the controls now facing the contemporary worker. This chapter begins this task by outlining some of the potentially problematic direct controls that exist within the modern workplace. The following direct controls are identified: targets, monitoring and surveillance; job insecurity; bullying and mobbing; and excessive hours. Each of these controls are explored in depth within the chapter.
Infrastructure for the growing middle class in Africa
Authors: Mubila Maurice , Yepes Tito
Published: September 2017

Africa’s middle class and urban consumption are on the rise, presenting a major opportunity for industrialization. Urban development also creates demand for public infrastructure. In the absence of modern infrastructure services, the next best option would be to reach households with lower-cost, second-best solutions, such as standposts, improved latrines, or street lighting. However, significant challenges exist in increasing the coverage of second-best alternatives, particularly because their public good nature makes some of these technologies more difficult for service providers to operate on a commercial basis. Understanding the factors that lie behind this “missing middle” is important. On the demand side, the costs of the second-best alternatives may still be relatively high, given limited household budgets. On the supply side, their public good nature greatly complicates the implementation of second-best alternatives. Policy makers need to pay attention to infrastructure investments for the burgeoning middle class as a paramount endeavour.
Corporate elites and higher education reform: the corporatisation of academic life in Indonesia
Authors: Gaus Nurdiana , Hall David
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the extent to which the global powerful networks of international corporate elites have influenced and changed the landscape of higher education in Indonesia via the enactment of the government policies and programmes. Using illustrative empirical data from Indonesian universities, it is argued that the government policies and programmes on higher education reform in Indonesian universities have been very much influenced by the economic rationalism of neo-liberal agendas promoted by the global powerful networks of international corporate elites. Consequently, this economic-oriented reform has impacted on the reorientation of academic life into corporate-like manners.
The courtier’s empire: a case study of providers and provision
Authors: Courtney Steven J.
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, I draw on Bourdieu’s concepts of symbolic violence, social capital and misrecognition to theorise three effects of a few elite multi-academy trust principals’ positioning on other local headteachers’ and principals’ agency and identities — I typologise these as the “follower”, the “acquired” and the “excluded”. The chapter reports on primary research which shows how newly privileged system-leading principals, or courtiers at the court of the Secretary of State for Education, have won regional empires through expanding their academy chains to occupy the spaces opened up by the dismantling of local authorities. Public-sector and school-leader identities and histories permit the promotion of their activities as “school led” and downplay their close relationship with private-sector networks and central-state policy-makers. What this analysis reveals is the hierarchisation of school leadership and the illusion of headteacher or principal autonomy.
Political and corporate elites and localised educational policy-making: the case of Kingswood Academy
Authors: McGinity Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter reports on data and analysis to theorise the role that both corporate and political elites played in the development and enactment of localised policy-making at Kingswood Academy; a secondary school in the North of England. The analysis offered reveals how a single case-study school provides an important site to explore the ways in which the educational policy environment provides the conditions for elites to play a significant role in the development and delivery of localised policy processes in England.
Bourdieu (1986; 1992) provides the thinking tools to undertake this theoretical and intellectual work, and I deploy his conceptualisation of misrecognition as a means of interrogating how the involvement of corporate and political elites in the processes of localised policy-making reproduces the hierarchised power of particular networks, which ultimately contribute to the privatisation of educational ‘goods’ as marketised commodities.
The two worlds of elected mayors in the US: what type of mayor should cities choose?
Authors: Svara James H.
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores two different kinds of elected mayors in cities in the United States, and the debate about which form should be used. The two types of mayor are the executive mayor in mayor-council cities and what I have called the facilitative mayor in council-manager cities. Traditionally, the mayor in council-manager cities was chosen by the city council from its members. Now two-thirds of the council-manager cities have directly elected mayors. The chapter examines the dynamics of change in American cities regarding the role of the mayor as part of the larger debate about the use of the mayor-council and council-manager form and compares the competing arguments for executive and facilitative mayors and their corresponding forms of government. The analysis draws on the arguments used on each side in 15 large cities that held referenda to change their form of government and determine what kind of mayor the city will have.
The impact of education on professional identity
Authors: Heggen Kåre , Terum Lars Inge
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses what impact education has on professional identity. Since the formation of professional identity is part of a process of socialisation, the chapter examines the impact of education, while identifying mechanisms that may contribute to the development of professional identity. The chapter shows that professional identity is developed through interactions between different actors as teachers, supervisors and peers. However, since tensions often exist within different subjects during education (e.g. psychology and law), as well as between different actors, students have to develop a professional identity through interaction with actors who represent slightly different approaches and traditions. This tension poses a challenge for students in the process of forming a professional identity.
The construction of professional identity in social work: experience, analytical reflection and time
Authors: Bell Linda , Nissen Maria Appel , Vindegg Jorunn
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the construction of professional identity, posing that it requires experience, analytical reflection and time, and that it is a lifelong process of learning, acting and reflecting in education and practice. The construction of professional identity is regarded as an interdependent process relating to interaction, knowledge and values, which cannot be separated when exploring identities of welfare professionals. The chapter discusses the construction of professional identity during education, in practice and across different contexts.
You may not know my Detroit
Authors: moore Jessica care
Published: September 2017

If you’ve never slid down the GIANT SLIDE on a

potato sack

you may not know my Detroit.

If you’ve never eaten a Coney at 3 a.m. you may not

understand why it doesn’t matter

how many games we win or lose

we wear our D HATS and tats year round....
Reconstructing Detroit: the resilient city
Authors: Ligon Khalil
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the role in which non-municipally led community development strategies can play a role in revitalizing Detroit. It argues that Detroiters who have persisted and remained in the city despite all its problems should play a central role in shaping its future. Rather than focusing on “resilient” cities, we should see resilience as coming from Detroiters themselves. In the absence of any strong and visionary leadership, they have taken matters into their own hands. These community visions are important for an inclusive future. This chapter details several examples of where these initiatives are taking hold.
Policy analysis in state governments in Mexico
Authors: Olmeda Juan C.
Published: September 2017

State governments have acquired a central role in Mexican politics and policy making during the last decades as a result of both democratization and decentralization. Nowadays state governments not only concentrate a significant portion of prerogatives and responsibilities in terms of service delivery but also control a substantial share of public spending. However, no systematic studies have been developed in order to understand how state governments function. This chapter provides an overview on how policies are crafted at the subnational (state) level in Mexico, the main actors taking place in the process and the way in which professional knowledge and advice influence policy makers. As it argues, the central role in the policy making process is played by the executive branch, being the governors the ones who have the final word in most important decisions. In addition, secretaries also concentrate power in particular policy areas. As a result of the lack of a professional civil service, however, a significant portion of policy analysis is performed by non-governmental actors (universities, NGOs and private firms). The chapter applies this framework to analyze a particular Mexican state, namely Mexico City.
Policy analysis in local governments: an exploration of an institutional governance model
Authors: Meza Oliver D.
Published: September 2017

A theoretical model is developed in this chapter to explore how local governments in Mexico perform policy analysis. This model assumes that recent decentralization and democratization reforms provide conditions that shaped how local bureaucracies and institutions were designed to undertake tasks around policy analysis. Under certain circumstances, decentralization would produce a bureaucratic governance mode of policy analysis favoring internal organizational resources to perform policy activities. While on the other hand, local governments’ recent democratic trends would have enabled a more participatory approach. These trends are not exclusive to each other and the chapter illustrates how policy analysis could be viewed under the lenses of this theoretical proposition.
Policy analysis and public policy in the private sector
Authors: Vega Carlos Alba
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides a description of policy analysis in the private sector. The author introduces the topic with an informative description of the organizations that have been historically created to represent businessmen and businesswomen. Thereafter, Alba presents the main research centres that have been established by private actors with the aim of getting accurate information about political and economic trends. Alba then shows how business has developed some capacity to do policy analysis in the areas of its interest and explains the various mechanisms that businesses employ in their attempts to negotiate with state actors, and thus to influence policymaking processes.
Textile geographies, plasticity as protest
Authors: Rubing Anders
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines textile as a political tool and the architecture that facilitates this tool in protest camps by focusing on the use of textile rather than the form of protest. The author focuses on textile as a geopolitical agent and begins to compile a list of textile qualities as well as their spatial and geopolitical importance. The chapters draws from existing research on historic protest camps and the author’s empirical research from camps in Oslo, Norway and Silwan, East Jerusalem, Israel/Palestine. The author introduces Eyal Weizman’s term `political plastic´ as a framework to understand how architecture can create geopolitics. By combining Judith Butler’s argument of bodies creating politics in public spaces with Weizman’s theories, the chapter aims to create a new perspective for understanding the geopolitics of the protest camp.
Reoccupation and resurgence: indigenous protest camps in Canada
Authors: Barker Adam J , Ross Russell Myers
Published: September 2017

In the face of ongoing Canadian colonialism and displacement, blockading has become an important tactic through which Indigenous communities reassert their traditional forms of place-based culture and governance. This chapter will examine three important reclamation sites in Canada over the past twenty five years, ranging from the spontaneous and relatively-short lived blockades of the Oka Crisis near the Kanesatake and Kahnawake Mohawk reserves in Quebec (1990), through the long-term Anishinaabe anti-clearcutting blockade at Grassy Narrows in northern Ontario (begun in 2002), to the growing and evolving anti-pipeline reclamation site in Unist’ot’en territory, in the British Columbia interior, which began in 2009. These three sites can reveal important lessons about Indigenous resurgence and the efficacy of protest camps as reoccupations of stolen land.
Democratic deficit in the Israeli Tent Protests: chronicle of a failed intervention
Authors: Gordon Uri
Published: September 2017

This chapter offers an insider’s account and analysis of the failed efforts to democratise the Israeli Tent Protest movement and impose accountability on its founders. Following an account of the movement’s development and early tensions around leadership, the democratization efforts are recounted from a first-person perspective. The analysis critically relates the process to the proposals made by Jo Freeman in her well-known article “The Tyranny of Structurelessness”, albeit concluding that its framework is inadequate for explaining the dynamics involved. Instead, it is argued that the democratisation process failed because of the founders’ media-oriented mentality and their reliance on professional campaign advisors who were openly contemptuous towards horizontalism. This highlights the explanatory significance of personal, agency-based analyses in discussions of power within movement networks.
Introduction: reproducing and re-creating
Authors: Frenzel Fabian , Feigenbaum Anna , McCurdy Patrick , Brown Gavin
Published: September 2017

The title of the final section is ‘Reproducing and Re-creating’. Considering camps as home places - places where people feed, care for and house each other, means to see them as sites where social reproduction takes place. This raises a number of questions, for example concerning the balance between social reproduction and more confrontational forms of political contestations (as well as the highly contested expectations about who should participate in each of these functions). Because they can become a temporary home for many people, questions of physical, psychological, and symbolic safety (especially for women and minority groups) have frequently been the cause of tension within camps. How do campers struggle to realize some of their political hopes within the space of the camp - not just their ‘big’ hopes for a more just, equal and sustainable society; but their hopes for a transformation of everyday social relations between people?
From ‘refugee population’ to political community: the Mustapha Mahmoud refugee protest camp
Authors: Pascucci Elisa
Published: September 2017

The chapter uses interviews and secondary literature to analyse the Mustapha Mahmoud Sudanese refugee protest camp, which took place in Cairo, Egypt, in 2005 in front of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) local office. To date, Mustapha Mahmoud is deemed one of the largest public protests that took place in modern Egypt before the 2011 uprising. Two elements in particular are highlighted. First, the material infrastructure that allowed social reproduction within the camp – although not free form contradictions and oppressive elements – was essential to the constitution of Mustapha Mahmoud as a political public space autonomous from humanitarian governance. Second, ethnographic research in Cairo shows how, ten years after its forced eviction, the camp still had its own ‘legacy’, representing an important precedent for refugee communities and local activists alike. The chapter’s conclusion highlights the need for ethnographic research which is attentive to the ambivalence and contradictions of refugee protests, as well as to how specific camps’ practices and know-how are transmitted to other groups across time.
The Marconi occupation in São Paulo, Brazil: a social laboratory of common life
Authors: Arruda Marcella
Published: September 2017

The Marconi Occupation is a squat in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil, organized by the Movement Housing for All (Movimento Moradia Para Todos, in Portuguese). An abandoned office building was occupied by the protesters in 2012, and the author lived here as well for a period of four months. Marconi became an example on common life, providing housing but also multiple collective activities to the inhabitants but also to outsiders, transforming everyday social relations between people. Although, those relations and structures were ephemeral: what constituted the protest camp vanished with time and change, stressing the existing tension between social reproduction and political action. Those issues were intertwined and collided in the quotidian of this alternative laboratory of common life and autonomous governance. Despite the short life of the initiative, however, the wave of reverberation of the movement can still be felt and the experience is still embodied in the ones involved.
Nostalgia and play
Authors: Harris Paula
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes an exploration, through the use of semi-structured interview and nostalgia measures, of older generations’ memories and feelings of nostalgia about their own childhood play experiences and compared these with their ideas about children’s play today. Alongside this, children’s own accounts of playing in the same town in the Welsh Valleys were collected and compared with adult memories and beliefs about contemporary conditions for playing. Invoking memories of childhood play is a common technique used by play advocates. This chapter argues that a deeper appreciation of how memory is intricately entwined with affect, emotion and place allows for a more nuanced approach to using memory as an effective advocacy tool. The study was less concerned with the accuracy of memory and more with what memory does in terms of giving meaning to children’s play experiences today.
Adventure playgrounds and me: bringing the past into the auto-ethnographic present
Authors: Williams Tom
Published: September 2017

This is a personal study aimed at exploring why adventure playgrounds (APGs) have had such a fascination for the author for over 40 years. It weaves a critical and narrative ethnography with an affect-based auto-ethnography, resulting in various voices (author as researcher, narrator, participant) and approaches. The research involved an immersion in the author’s own history with APGs aided by a process of mutual recollection via email with five participants who shared that history; (re)visiting APGs in London, Copenhagen and Berlin; and a process of observation and reflection. This performative and auto-ethnographical approach aims to contribute something new to articulating the significance of APGs. Four themes emerged from this iterative and intuitive process: the mindful audacity of APGs, APGs as places of drama and unspoken narratives, APGs as spaces that are alive in many ways, and the hope that arises from this process of sensemaking. The interplay between these themes offers a socio-cultural view of APGs as symbolic places of heterodoxic and cultural possibility, at odds with a developmental and progressive view of children’s lives.
Researching children’s play and contemporary art
Authors: Dickerson Megan
Published: September 2017

The New Children’s Museum is a museum in which each ‘exhibit’ is a conceptual work of art by a contemporary artist, commissioned by the museum as a springboard for playful experiences. Neither a children’s museum, where the focus is on learning through play, nor a standard contemporary art museum, The New Children’s Museum is a hybrid space that calls for new ways of doing research, requiring tools that can go beyond positivist and ethnographic approaches. This review assembles examples of alternative research methodologies, drawn from diverse practices such as performance studies and performance art, that may contribute to mapping the complexities presented by a children’s museum that also actively engages in the production of contemporary art. It includes some experiments with a/r/tography, and in conclusion offers a method assemblage that might be termed ‘ludo-artographic’.
Your space or mine? Play in out of school clubs
Authors: Jackson Rebekah
Published: September 2017

This chapter uses observation and semi-structured interviews to explores the everyday practices, habits and routines of playworkers in an afterschool club in the northwest of England and how these help shape children’s experiences within the setting. Of key interest is the relationship between espoused playwork intentions for the design of a play environment and what happens in practice. The chapter draws on a number of interrelated concepts drawn from the field of children’s geographies that suggest spaces are not fixed containers for action or a background against which humans carry out their interactions, but are actively produced by the ongoing encounters between adults, children, materials, movements, affects, imaginations and so on. While spaces are always in the process of being produced and are open to all sorts of possibilities, they are also imbued with power relationships, and dominant forces have considerable influence in shaping the possible movements and encounters within the setting. The intention here was to pay closer attention to these entanglements and how they produce environments that might be more or less open to moments of play emerging.
Children, mobile phones and outdoor play
Authors: Martin Chris
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the affordances (Gibson, 1979; Heft, 1988; Kyttä, 2003) offered by mobile phones for instigating and maintaining play in an adventure playground in south west England. It is influenced by new materialist theories and posthuman geographies that seek to acknowledge the vitality of material things and decentre the human as an organising force apart from ‘nature’.
Children are positioned in an assemblage of other human and non-human actants, providing a perspective that offers the qualities of non-human actants (most notably mobile phones) up to more nuanced scrutiny. An ethnographic approach was used to observe and record children’s mobile phone use, and ten instances were recorded, treated as exemplars.
Modes of anti-neoliberalism: moralism, Marxism and 21st century socialism
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy
Published: September 2017

Here Jeremy Gilbert critically reviews the main ‘modes of anti-neoliberalism’ concluding with a presentation of the chapter author’s own commitment to a modern radical democratic alternative to neoliberalism. The counter-narratives to neoliberalism analysed are moralistic, pathologising, eco-Marxist and Marxist. ‘Moralistic’ approaches include not only religious condemnations of neoliberalism but also certain left and right wing ones based on exhortations to ‘act better’ rather than providing convincing programmes and strategies for substantial social change. Pathologising approaches –‘neoliberalism makes you ill’ – are similarly limited whereas eco-Marxist and Marxist are more comprehensive whilst reflective of an outmoded paradigm of change. The concluding sections of the chapter offer a radical democratic path allied to a modernisation ethos. This would utilise the radical potential inherent in media technologies and new organisational techniques: sophisticated tools to bring individuals isolated by neoliberalism into ‘potent collectives’. Prominent among those that might shape ‘radical modernity’ are those, often young, educated professionals and entrepreneurs who have the necessary networking and strategic planning skills.
People, planet, power: toward a new social settlement
Authors: Coote Anna
Published: September 2017

Anna Coote’s recommendations cover three overlapping areas: social justice; environmental sustainability and a more equal distribution of power. A key unifying theme is that the distribution and care of resources should be directed towards the needs and potential of all members of society and not, as is currently the case, disproportionately to the few. To pursue this equality people should ‘be able to influence and control decisions that affect their everyday lives’. In several key, participatory, egalitarian and environmentally –sustainable respects, Coote’s proposition for a society-wide ‘social settlement’ resembles the systemic changes advocated by Ted Benton’s Red-Green programme, in chapter 3.
Neoliberalism and social democracy
Authors: Crouch Colin
Published: September 2017

In this chapter Colin Crouch pursues a social democratic approach to social order and equity in contrast to the relentless market nostrums of neoliberalism and the over-centralised solutions of state socialism. It addresses the vexed question of which social group, groups or movements, are best positioned to act as the key agent or agents to secure and progress social democracy. Crouch sets out the case for the needs and interests of women now being the prime ‘motors’ of change; partly analogous to the role of trade unions and labour organisations in classical social democracy. Citing lifeworld aspects, such as the work-life balance and the gendered division of domestic labour, Crouch argues that a refocused and revamped social democratic state is the best mechanism for improving these areas of popular concern. The trends and projections which Crouch identifies complement and ‘materialise’ the principles of ‘natural’ well-being argued for in Part I of the book and which, if implemented, could pave the way to wider social justice including greater economic equity.
Introduction
Authors: Facer Keri , Pahl Kate
Published: September 2017

This chapter outlines the structure and processes of the book. It discusses how there is an increasing emphasis on collaboration fuelled by communities seeking evidence and validation and increasingly fluid careers and identities of academics and practitioners, among other things. Despite collaborative research flourishing, theories and methods needed to understand and make judgements on their worth does not always keep pace. This chapter outlines the need for this type of research and how to understand the legacy of these collaborations.
Weighing value: who decides what counts?
Authors: Duncan Sophie , Aumann Kim
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on community-university research partnerships (CUPs). It offers suggestions about how their value might be evidenced and argues that developing a more reflective and effective evaluative culture within CUP is critical to realising their value and sustaining their future. The chapter explores how CUPs have a particular way of working and can create significant positive outcomes at individual, societal and organisational levels.
Making Sense of Child Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

This important book puts forward the rarely heard voices of children and young people who have experienced child sexual exploitation (CSE) and the professionals who have worked with them. CSE is now high on the social care agenda, but what is child sexual exploitation? How is it different from other forms of child sexual abuse? Hallett takes a critical perspective and argues that we need to use the exchange model - lost in the current focus on grooming - to answer these questions. She considers the problems that arise with conflating ‘child sexual exploitation’ with ‘grooming’ and the implications for the ways in which we respond to CSE and for the individual children and young people caught up in it. Central to the discussion are themes such as youth, childhood, care and power, making for an important sociological contribution to this under-researched field, whilst also providing new and valuable practice and policy relevant insights into this issue. The book challenges the dominant way of thinking about CSE and is essential reading for those working or training to work with children and young people.
Risk
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the different ways that the two groups of participants conceptualised young people’s risky behaviours and risk to CSE. Drawing on the concepts of childhood and youth, the chapter considers the difficulties that the professionals displayed, and talked about themselves, in making sense of young people’s agency and involvement in CSE, and considers how this was different from the ways in which young people made sense of (what is perceived by others as) risks and risky behaviours.
Exchange and abuse
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

This chapter outlines the different ways in which ‘CSE’ was understood to occur. It considers how grooming may not always feature and, when used definitively as a model, is inadequate for understanding how sexual exploitation occurs. Building on previous discussion, this chapter considers how for some young people exchanging sex can be a coping response to other difficulties, and a way of feeling as subject. In considering these different models for understanding CSE, the chapter argues that the element of exchange is fundamental to each, and suggests that exchange is what makes sexual exploitation particular and distinct from other forms of sexual abuse.
Craft as cultural ecologically located practice: Comparative case studies of textile crafts in Cyprus, Estonia and Peru
Authors: Dillon Patrick , Kokko Sirpa
Published: September 2017

This article reports comparative case studies in three countries: Estonia, Cyprus and Peru. Through these, the cultural ecologies of six textile craft practitioners, two in each country, were investigated using an interview-based situational analysis. Cultural ecology is concerned with transactional relationships between people and the environments that they inhabit. It provides a lens on the processes of continuity and change that shape cultural patterns and cultural traditions. Interviews were conducted in open format around questions about biographical and professional practice. Relationships between practitioners’ personal histories and their craft practices were explored. Outcomes suggest that the cultural ecologies are profoundly shaped by the transmission of customs, beliefs and values from generation to generation, which, in turn, are located within a place of social interaction conferring a sense of belonging and an environment for the formation of social identities. These attachments powerfully influence continuity in the craft traditions. The interrelated processes of globalization and technological development are the dominant agents of change. Responses to these pressures vary with the practitioners in the three countries and are linked to factors associated with cultural resilience.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hackney Fiona , Rissanen Timo
Published: September 2017

For Folk’s Sake: Art and Economy in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia, Erin Morton (2016) Montréal, Quebec: McGill/Queen’s University Press, 424 pp., illus. 76 col., ISBN: 9780773548114, h/bk, $108.00; ISBN: 9780773548121, p/bk, $40.46

Folk Fashion: Understanding Homemade Clothes, Amy Twigger Holroyd (2017) London: I.B. Tauris, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781784536497, p/bk, £14.99
Juno Moneta Atlas: Warburgian production or performing context-change
Authors: Westwood Martin
Published: September 2017

This article speculates connections between symbolic, pecuniary and formal economies in light of the question ‘what identifies Warburgian production?’ I propose that method occurs as a reflexive feature in Warburgian production. Engaging Elie Ayache’s discussion of the technology of the derivatives market, settheoretical intersection and the context of context-change I will sketch a non-representational Warburgian capacity, existing in the intervals and velocity changes between reproductive and distributive contexts.
Images – uses – imagination: Lignes de Temps in a Warburgian context
Authors: Etchepare Delphine
Published: September 2017

The goal of this article is to bring together two methodological approaches to the study of images. The first was developed by Aby Warburg, around his work for the Mnemosyne Atlas. The second was created by researchers establishing the framework for a software entitled Lignes de Temps. I will try to demonstrate that a new methodology in the understanding of images works toward a ‘pedagogy of imagination’. I will also try to show how, from my point of view, this innovative methodology, which redefines the roles of the audience and its relationships to pictures, was already active within the research of Warburg. The spectator-researcher does not need a pre-established hypothesis. He or she can trust his own practice with the images to spark a new string of thoughts. From that potential of imagination and creation, a whole new field of singular and personal images may spring.
Análisis pixe en muestras óseas subfósiles: ensayo de un protocolo de preparación
Authors: García-Viñas E. , Gómez Tubío B. , Ortega-Feliú I. , Bernáldez-Sánchez E.
Published: September 2017

Los huesos subfósiles son una fuente de información que va más allá del estudio taxonómico y tafonómico a nivel macroscópico. En este sentido, las técnicas de ADN antiguo y las físico-químicas están aportando nuevas perspectivas a los análisis paleobiológicos llegando a describir patrones de domesticación, migración, contaminación ambiental, etc. No obstante, el proceso de diagénesis, por el que pasan todos los restos subfósiles, conlleva una problemática asociada que afecta a este tipo de estudios genéticos y físico-químicos. Además de las pérdidas de material que se producen por erosión, la composición química se puede ver afectada por procesos de disolución, precipitación, absorción, sustitución mineral y recristalización. Todos estos problemas de contaminación están siendo tratados por diferentes especialistas que preparan las muestras en función de los objetivos a alcanzar y de las técnicas a utilizar. Con este trabajo de investigación se pretende desarrollar un protocolo de preparación de muestras efectivo para la detección de contaminaciones ambientales prehistóricas e históricas a partir del estudio de elementos traza con una técnica no destructiva, PIXE.
Lagunas del Derecho y positivismo jurídico. Un examen de la concepción de las lagunas de C. Alchourrón y E. Bulygin
Authors: Ramos Pascua José Antonio
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se hace un recorrido por la cambiante actitud del positivismo jurídico frente al problema de las lagunas del Derecho, cuya existencia negó inicialmente, pero que finalmente reconoció, confiando su integración a la discrecionalidad judicial. Especial atención y valoración crítica se dedica a una de las más influyentes doctrinas positivistas sobre las lagunas, la defendida por C. Alchourrón y E. Bulygin en Normative systems. Se discute aquí, entre otras cosas, su distinción entre lagunas de conocimiento y de reconocimiento, normativas y axiológicas, y sus implicaciones en la concepción positivista del Derecho como sistema de normas autosuficiente e independiente de la moral.
Production of desert rose seedlings in different potting media
Authors: Colombo Ronan Carlos , Favetta Vanessa , Carvalho Deived Uilian de , Cruz Maria Aparecida da , Roberto Sergio Ruffo , Faria Ricardo Tadeu de
Published: September 2017

Over the past decade the desert rose received fame in the flower market due to its striking and sculptural forms; however, the commercial production of these species is quite recent and little is known about its crop management, including substrates recommendation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of different substrates on desert rose seed germination and production of its seedlings. Experiment I: freshly harvested seeds of desert rose were sown in different substrates e.g. sand, coconut fiber, semi-composted pine bark, sand + coconut fiber, semi-composted pine bark + sand and coconut fiber + semicomposted pine bark. These substrates were evaluated to study the emergence percentage of seeds, initial growth of seedlings and seedling emergence speed index (ESI). Experiment II: desert rose from the experiment I were transferred to plastic pots filled with the same substrates as in experiment I. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrates were noted every 30 days while the growth parameters of seedlings were recorded after 240 days. Results from experiment I showed higher germination rate and seedling growth in substrates containing semi-composted pine bark. Similarly, in experiment II, better quality seedlings were observed in substrates containing semi-composted pine bark. Thus, for desert rose seed germination and seedling growth, it is recommended to use substrates containing semi-composted pine bark.
DUAS PROTEÍNAS (TcTIA6 e TcTIA7) ENVOLVIDAS NA BIOSSÍNTESE DA TIAMINA CODIFICADAS PELO GENOMA do Theobroma cacao L
Authors: Santana Juliano Oliveira , Silva Gonçalo Santos , Bernardes Luciano Angelo de Souza
Published: September 2017

A tiamina funciona como um cofator para atividades de várias enzimas que atuam no metabolismo de carboidratos e aminoácidos. Este trabalho objetivou analisar através de técnicas de bioinformática os genes responsáveis pela biossíntese da tiamina codificadas pelo genoma do Theobroma cacao L. Foram encontrados dois genes, um no cromossomo6 e outro no 7, sendo nomeados TcTIA6 e TcTIA7. O alinhamento múltiplo da TcTIA6 e TcTIA7 revelou alta identidade com a proteína da Arabidopis thaliana e seu direcionamento é destinado para a rota secretora do cloroplasto. Foram observados motifs conservados na região C-terminal, indicando participação no mecanismo de reparo de DNA. Analisando o dendrograma ficou evidenciado que os genes estudados tiveram um ancestral comum com Gossypium raimondii. As análises mostraram que as proteínas TcTIA6 e TcTIA7 provavelmente são bifuncionais, uma vez queestão envolvidas na biossíntese da tiamina e na estabilidade da molécula de DNA.
Contemporary All-ceramic Materials – Part 1
Authors: Pilathadka Shriharsha , Vahalová Dagmar
Published: September 2017

Over the past 35 years, multiple types of all-ceramic materials have been introduced as an ideal alternative for metal-fused to ceramic. This review covers state-of-the-art development of all-ceramic systems in terms of history, material composition, fabrication technologies, and structural and strength properties. These materials are proved to be ideal in terms of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making metal-free ceramic restorations a realistic clinical alternative for conventional metal-fused-to ceramic.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE ABANDONMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN SLOVENIA
Authors: Glavan Matjaž , Malek Aljaž , Pintar Marina , Grčman Helena
Published: September 2017

In this study we performed a spatial analysis to determine the influence of selected environmental factors (forests share, elevation a.s.l., slope, aspect, flooding) and the management status of an area on the spatial distribution of the abandoned agricultural land (land use class 1410), and agricultural land with forest trees (land use class 1800) in Slovenia. All these natural factors influence the management decisions of landowners. We found out that land use class 1410 is distributed over the entire country, along the south-west to the north-east axis. The majority of the land use class 1800 can be found in the south-western part of the country. On municipality level, the link between the forest and studied land uses was weak. The percentage of land use classes 1410 and 1800 grows with increasing altitude a.s.l. and slope. Land use class 1400 is more frequent in flooded areas. The percentage of the abandoned agricultural land is greater in areas with special management status (e.g. Natura 2000 areas). A strict, professional and fast implementation of the Agricultural Land Act is needed to improve the situation and prevent further agricultural land losses.
Salinity induced changes in water relations, oxidative damage and morpho-physiological adaptations of pistachio genotypes in soilless culture
Authors: Mirfattahi Zahra , Karimi Soheil , Roozban Mahmoud Reza
Published: September 2017

Selecting salt tolerant rootstocks is a sustainable approach for developing fruit trees in salinity prone areas. 60-day-old seedlings of Pistacia vera ‘Akbari’ and ‘Ghazvini’, and P. vera ‘Ghazvini’ × P. atlantica (G×A) were subjected to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl in half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. After 45 days, the growth, water relations, and oxidative damage parameters were investigated. Salt stress reduced plant biomass, height, crown diameter and leaf number, but increased specific leaf area (SLA) of the seedlings. Under salt stress, the growth of ‘Akbari’ seedlings was higher than the other genotypes. Accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was observed in the leaves of salt affected seedlings. ‘Ghazvini’ seedlings had the highest MDA concentration and the lowest cell membrane stability in their leaves. Degredation of photosynthetic pigments under salt stress was lower in the leaves of ‘Akbari’ seedlings than that in other genotypes. Increase in leaf succulence was observed in ‘Akbari’ and G×A seedlings in response to salt stress. Relative water content and concentration of anthocyanins in the leaves of pistachio genotypes remained unchanged under salt stress. The results revealed that monitoring leaf abscission, SLA, leaf succulence, MDA concentration, and photosynthetic pigments provide suitable contrast for screening salt tolerance in pistachio. Furthuremore, ‘Akbari’ was found to be the most salt tolerant genotype.