bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O USO E CONHECIMENTO POPULAR DA TURNERA SUBULATA, COMO POTENCIAL FITOTERÁPICO
Authors: viana mahara joanna sena , SILVA LETÍCIA DUARTE , GOMES FERNANDA MELO
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A Turnera subulata é amplamente utilizada como fitoterápico, pelo conhecimento dos seus benefícios que são passados de geração a geração, por meio da oralidade dos mais velhos. A T. subulata é conhecida por damiana, chanana, flor-do-guarujá, e pertence à família botânica Turneraceae. Subarbusto, pouco ramificado, de 40 a 70 cm de altura, com raiz pivotante. Folhas simples, pecioladas, alternas com margens serreadas. Flores solitárias, axilares e terminais, corola composta por 5 pétalas amarelo-esbranquiçadas ou brancas, com garganta preta, e se abrem somente pela manhã. As sementes são obovóides. Sendo uma planta espontânea, oferece uma boa cobertura vegetal, favorecendo a estabilização dos solos, como também atrai insetos polinizadores, enriquecendo assim, a biodiversidade. Em algumas culturas agrícolas a Turnera é considerada, na maioria das vezes, como uma erva daninha, pelo seu alto poder competitivo, por ser hospedeira de insetos, e pela sua interferência indesejável na competição de nutrientes em relação às plantas próximas. Objetivo: O presente resumo teve como objetivo explanar e promover a valorização da T. subulata e seus efeitos fitoterápicos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de uma literatura etnobotânica. Resultados: T. subulata é popularmente conhecida por suas propriedades terapêuticas e por ter uma imensa versatilidade quanto ao seu uso. Os estudos mostram que a T. subulata possui uma variedade de metabólitos secundários como flavonóides e glicosilados, utilizados popularmente em doenças gastrointestinais. Ela é usada para doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, doenças endócrinas, nutricionais, metabólicas e doenças do sistema geniturinário. Os usos mais comuns são na forma de infusão de ervas, infusão misturada com várias outras plantas (garrafada no nordeste brasileiro), xaropes, banhos e compressas. Segundo pesquisas, a chanana possui benefícios para pacientes que fazem tratamento do câncer, neutralizando os efeitos colaterais do mesmo. Conclusão: Poucos estudos têm sido feitos para avaliar a eficácia terapêutica e a toxicidade das preparações fitoterápicas e dos compostos químicos, visto que, a planta tem valor etnobotânico e potencial fitoquímico para a produção de fármacos.
O potencial psicotrópico da Jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora) em um contexto religioso
Authors: Silva Letícia Duarte , VIANA MAHARA JOANNA SENA , GOMES FERNANDA MELO
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O uso de substâncias psicotrópicas é comumente utilizado em culturas tradicionais do nordeste do país, sob a perspectiva de processos de cura espiritual e física. Nos rituais indígenas no nordeste do Brasil, entre eles o Catimbó de Jurema, o conhecimento etnobotânico se faz presente na aplicação e manuseio dos vegetais pelos indivíduos. O dimetiltriptamina (DMT) pode ser encontrado em várias espécies da fauna e da flora. Tipificada de um alcalóide de triptamina, é responsável pelo efeito alucinógeno devido à sua atividade no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), competindo com os receptores de serotonina. Mimosa tenuiflora, família botânica Fabaceae, também conhecida por jurema-preta. Hábito arbóreo, caule revestido de espinhos, casca de cor castanho escura e rugosa. Folhas compostas de pequenos folíolos alternos, com sete pares de pinas. Inflorescência de espigas isoladas com flores alvas, pequenas. Frutos tipo vagem. Objetivos: O presente resumo teve como objetivo explanar e promover a conservação M. tenuiflora, tal qual suas propriedades psicotrópicas e medicinais. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de uma literatura etnobotânica, utilizando como palavras-chaves: Jurema-preta, etnobotânica, DMT, catimbó. Resultados: A Mimosa tenuiflora tem alta concentração de DMT extraído de suas raízes, que preparado a partir de elementos secretos, resulta em uma bebida enteógena (vinho da Jurema-preta), sagrada na perspectiva religiosa, segundo a doutrina Catimbó de Jurema, essa bebida, ocasiona efeitos psíquicos e físicos, possibilitando a transcendência e o elo de comunicação com os ancestrais. A DMT ingerida isoladamente via oral não promove os efeitos psicotrópicos devido às Monoamina Oxidase (MAO), enzimas catalizadoras presentes no fígado que associam-se às moléculas do DMT, impedindo que passem para a circulação sanguínea e ao SNC, reprimindo o seu efeito. Existem componentes naturais encontrados em espécies vegetais, que são inibidoras da MAO, como as β-carbolinas, permitindo o efeito psicotrópico do DMT. Conclusão: O vasto conhecimento fitoquímico pelas culturas tradicionais colabora para estudos científicos sobre o dimetiltriptamina e seus efeitos psicotrópicos. Desta maneira, a compreensão em torno do uso do vegetal, preparo da bebida e a propriedade do seu princípio ativo é fundamental.
O MANEJO PECUÁRIO QUE BENEFICIA A CONSERVAÇÃO DO VEADO-CAMPEIRO (OZOTOCEROS BEZOARTICUS)
Authors: Chaves Clareane Ternus , ASAD JOAQUÍN
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O Pampa Deprimido, ao leste da Argentina, ainda possui 80% de seu território dominado por pastagens naturais, os quais sustentam a principal região pecuária do país. Devido ao aumento do pastejo contínuo pelo gado, a produtividade primária líquida aérea (PPLA) dessas pastagens foi reduzida, especialmente durante o inverno. Essa redução não só afeta a produção pecuária, mas também afeta um grande herbívoro nativo em perigo de extinção que habita estabelecimentos pecuários: o veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). Existem 2 manejos pecuários que buscam aumentar a PPLA de inverno. Um deles consiste em eliminar a vegetação remanescente do verão com herbicidas e, assim, liberar recursos para aumentar a PPLA das pastagens de inverno (promoção química). O outro manejo possui a mesma lógica que a anterior, exceto que a eliminação da vegetação do verão se realiza mediante um pastejo intenso do mesmo gado (promoção a dente). Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a PPLA de inverno de pastagens sob 3 diferentes manejos pecuários (pastejo contínuo, promoção química e promoção a dente) a fim de melhorar tanto a produção pecuária quanto a conservação do veado-campeiro. Material e métodos: A PPLA média de inverno foi estimada para o período de 2013-2019 em 4 estabelecimentos pecuários que realizam esses 3 manejos. O histórico de uso de cada unidade de manejo (lote) foi fornecido pelos proprietários dos estabelecimentos. Os estabelecimentos ficam perto de um Parque Nacional onde vive uma população de veados-campeiros. Resultados: A PPLA foi estimada por satélite a partir do sensor remoto MODIS utilizando o modelo ecofisiológico de Monteith. A PPLA média de inverno dos 3 manejos foi comparada com uma ANOVA. O manejo de promoção a dente proporcionou valores de PPLA de inverno 13% superiores aos de promoção química e pastejo contínuo. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que, optando por realizar promoção de pastagens de inverno a dente, não só a PPLA seria aumentada durante o período invernal, como não seria necessário o uso de insumos externos, como herbicidas. Além disso, o aumento do PPLA beneficia o habitat para a conservação do veado-campeiro.
DIVERSIDADE DE ARANEAE (ARANHAS) NO BIOMA DA MATA ATLÂNTICA NO PARQUE DAS TRILHAS, GUARAMIRANGA-CE
Authors: Viriato Nicola , DIA ETILENIA ALBERTINO , CÁ ELDA RENATO , QUADÉ ADILSA MANUEL
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A Mata Atlântica é conhecida como um dos biomas que apresenta alta diversidade biológica, e ao mesmo tempo como um dos biomas mais ameaçados em decorrência da alta ocupação humana das suas áreas e das crescentes agressões dos seus habitats por atividades antrópicas, entre os quais destaca-se, agropecuária, desmatamento florestal e exploração insustentável dos recursos naturais existentes neste bioma. Dessa forma, os seres vivos residentes nas áreas de mata atlântica, são suscetíveis aos efeitos nocivos das atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas nesses biomas, o que torna necessário e importante estudar a diversidade biológica, que habitam nesses ecossistemas para a melhor gestão e gerenciamento desse bioma. Nesse caso a Ordem Araneae, desempenha um importante papel ecológico nesses biomas, são considerados como indicadores biológicos de alterações ambientais nas comunidades bióticas. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetiva identificar a diversidade de Araneae (aranhas) encontradas no Bioma da Mata Atlântica, no Parque Das Trilhas, Guaramiranga-CE. Material e métodos: A pesquisa é de natureza básica com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. E foi realizado no Parque Das Trilhas, Guaramiranga-CE. Por meio de Batedor e de Busca ativa foram coletados setenta (70) Araneae servindo como amostras para o estudo. As amostras coletadas foram encaminhadas para o laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade de Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira- UNILAB. Resultados: Com base nas amostras coletadas, identificou-se, cinco (5) famílias de Araneae, entre as quais a Senoculidae, Tetragnathidae, Plolcidae, Araneídea, Amourobidae. Pode-se perceber que a família Araneídea, Senoculidae e Tetragnathidae são as mais abundantes nesse parque, em comparação com as Famílias dos Plolcidae e Amourobidae. Conclusão: No entanto, é necessário que o Parque das Trilhas, Guaramiranga-CE, seja bem preservado, pois esse parque pode servir como um espaço para a realização de pesquisas científicas, desenvolvimento de atividades da Educação Ambiental e como um espaço recreativo.
COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS E CASCAS DA Nectandr mebranacea (SW.) Griseb (Lauraceae) COLETADA NO SUL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL.
Authors: Neves Valdete de Souza Silva , SILVA ADRIANA MARIA DE BRITO , SILVA ALZIRA APARECIDA DA , CAPATTO. ROSÂNGELA LUDWIG
Published: May 2022

Introdução: Os óleos essenciais são líquidos oleosos e voláteis, dotados de forte aroma, quase sempre agradável e extraídos principalmente de plantas com grande variação na composição, formada principalmente por monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos. A Canela (Nectandra membranacea), que recebe o nome popular de canela caqui branca, é uma planta Lauraceae da América do Sul, a qual se atribui ações farmacológicas. As plantas desta família são ricas em metabólitos secundários ocorrendo principalmente lignanas, neolignanas, flavonóides, alcalóides e sesquiterpenos. As plantas deste género têm sido utilizadas no tratamento de vários distúrbios clínicos em seres humanos. A literatura relata trabalhos com relação à atividade biológica, havendo poucos estudos sobre seus constituintes químicos. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo extração do óleo essencial e avaliação da composição química para folhas e cascas da canela por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Material e métodos: O material vegetal coletado de folhas e cascas e transportado ao laboratório da UEMS – unidade universitária de Naviraí para extração do óleo essencial por extrator tipo Clevenger. A identificação botânica da planta foi realizada através de comparação com as exsicatas presentes no Herbário DDMS da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD. O rendimento do óleo extraído foi de 0,49 % e 0,55 % para cascas e folhas, respectivamente. Sendo submetidos a análise por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama (GC-FID) para avaliação do perfil cromatográfico e otimização das condições de separação dos constituintes. GC-MS foi utilizado para caracterização dos constituintes dos óleos através dos espectros de massas obtidos . Os índices de retenção foram calculados através do uso de uma série de homóloga de hidrocarbonetos (C7-C30, Sigma-Aldrich). A partir de fracionamento cromatográfico foi isolado sesquiterpeno espatulenol tanto no para casca como para a folha. Resultados: Entre as atividades biológicas encontradas para o espatulenol destaca-se a antimicrobiana. A composição química para o óleo essencial das folhas e cascas avaliadas por GC-MS foram semelhantes e constituídos principalmente por sesquiterpenos tendo como compostos majoritários o espatulenol, α-elemeno e germacreno D. Conclusão: A análise química dos óleos permitiu verificar grande variação qualitativa e quantitativa de seus principais compostos, tanto em folha quanto em cascas, sendo todos sesquiterpenos.
Water Consumption and Incidence of Dehydration on Workers Exposed to Heat Stress (Study in Tofu Industry Worker’s in Semarang Indonesia)
Authors: Nurullita Ulfa , Surya P Sinta Dwi , Samual Mugram Rasyid , Sumanto Didik
Published: May 2022

Background: Heat stress exposure in the workplace that occurs continuously will affect the increment of fluid expenditure through sweat and if it is not accompanied by adequate fluid intake, it will cause dehydration. One of the workplaces that have a physical hazard in the form of heat stress is the tofu industry. Preliminary measurement results for all locations are above the threshold value limit. Method: This descriptive study uses a cross-sectional approach, the sample is 31 workers in the tofu industry, Jomblang Village, Semarang Indonesia. The variables analyzed were the amount of drinking water consumption, the habit of drinking diuretic drinks, and the incidence of dehydration. Research instruments are questionnaires, beaker glass, urinometers, and cameras. Data analysis was carried out univariately. Results: Heat stress averages 33.01°C, most workers are >40 years old (67,7%), 83.9% are male, water consumption (freshwater) averages 2,1 liter for 24 hours, and 87.1% have less water intake. 87.1% of workers have a drinking diuretic habit both at work and at home, with the most types consumed are tea and coffee. The urine specific gravity averages 1.016, a minimum of 1.009, and a maximum of 1.026 of which 58.1% is unhydrated. Conclusion: Lack of drinking water consumption to replace body fluids lost through sweat due to heat stress will increase the specific gravity of urine. The specific gravity of urine can be an early marker of kidney problems.
ALLOMETRIC MODELS OF SINGLE-TREE BIOMASS FOR FOREST-FORMING SPECIES OF THE URALS
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Цепардей И.С. , Норицин Д.В.
Published: May 2022

Для оценки углероддепонирующей способности лесов Уральского региона необходимы аллометрические модели зависимости биомассы от диаметра ствола. Подобные модели особенно перспективны в условиях Урала, где преобладают древостои смешанного породного состава, и модели биомассы, рассчитанные на уровне древостоев, могут иметь смещения, вызванные изменчивостью породного состава. В работе предложены аллометрические модели для компонентов надземной биомассы деревьев лесообразующих пород Урала, которые характеризуются высокими показателями адекватности исходным данным. Вследствие нехватки фактических данных о биомассе корней для каждой породы предложены средние значения относительного показателя как отношения массы корней к надземной. Полученные результаты могут быть полезны при мониторинге углероддепонирующей способности лесного покрова Уральского региона.Ключевые слова: надземная биомасса, компоненты биомассы, масса корней, относительная масса корней, аллометрические модели биомассы

To assess the carbon depositing capacity of forests in the Ural region, allometric models of the dependence of biomass on stem diameter are needed. Such models are especially promising in the conditions of the Urals, where stands of mixed species composition prevail, and biomass models calculated at the level of stands will have displacements caused by the variability of the species composition. The paper proposes allometric models for the components of the aboveground biomass of trees of forest-forming species of the Urals, which are characterized by high indicators of adequacy in relation to the initial data. Due to the lack of actual data on root biomass, average values of the relative indicator as the ratio of root mass to aboveground one are proposed for each species. The results obtained can be useful in monitoring the carbon depositing capacity of the forest cover of the Ural region.
FEATURES OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIROSIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, T.E. Dorojenkova , O.A. Gorbich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Y.L. Gorbich ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: May 2022

The authors present the clinical and epidemiological features of leptospirosis among residents in Belarus. The main reservoirs of infection are described. We have demonstrated a clinical case of severe leptospirosis. To solve the set tasks in this research, we used methods of epidemiological diagnostics and statistical research methods. According to the results obtained, the incidence of leptospirosis in Belarus for the studied interval (2007—2020) was unevenly distributed over the years. The maximum and minimum indicators differed six times. The average long-term incidence rate was 0.25 cases per 100 000 population (95 % CI 0.2—0.3). The analyzed period was characterized by a stable long-term epidemic trend towards a decrease in morbidity. Severe clinical signs of leptospirosis have been associated with L. incterohaemorragiae in a male patient. The highest average annual incidence rates of leptospirosis were noted in the Mogilev and Gomel regions (0.85 %00 and 0.49 %00), and the lowest rates were recorded in the Brest region (0.03 %00).
Ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring of 2019: A new modeling approach to bromine emissions
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Schöne Moritz , Borger Christian , Warnach Simon , Wagner Thomas , Platt Ulrich , Gutheil Eva
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) are a common occurence in the boundary layer during Arctic spring. Ozone is depleted by bromine species, which are most likely emitted from snow, sea ice or aerosols in an auto-catalytic reaction cycle. Previous three-dimensional modeling studies of ODEs assumed an infinite bromine source at the ground. In the present study, an alternative emission scheme is presented in which a finite amount of bromide in the snow is tracked over time. For this purpose, a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to study ODEs in the Arctic from February to May 2019. The model data are compared to in-situ measurements, ozone sonde flights as well as satellite data. A simulation of the ODEs in the Arctic spring of 2009 using the infinite bromide assumption on first year (FY) ice is transferred to the spring of 2019 which achieves good agreement with the observations, however, there is some disagreement in April 2009 and 2019 with respect to an overestimation concerning both the magnitude and the number of ODEs. New simulations using the finite bromide assumption greatly improve agreement with in-situ observations at Utqiag ̇vik, Alaska, Zeppelin Mountain, Svalbard, and Pallas, Finland in April 2019, suggesting that bromide on the sea ice is depleted to an extent that reduces the bromine release. The new simulations also slightly improve the agreement with observations at these sites in February and March. A comparison to measurements near Eureka, Canada and Nord Station, Greenland shows that multi-year ice and possibly snow-covered land may be significant bromine sources. However, assuming higher releasable bromide near Eureka does not remove all disagreement with the observations. The numerical results are also compared to tropospheric BrO vertical column densities generated with a new retrieval method from TROPOMI observations. BrO VCDs above 5 × 1013 molec/cm2 observed by the satellite agree well with the model results. However, the model also predicts BrO VCDs of around 3 × 1013 molec/cm2 throughout the Arctic and patches of BrO VCDs of around 1014 molec/cm2 not observed by the satellite, especially near Hudson Bay. This suggests that snow at Hudson Bay may be a weaker bromine source in late spring compared to snow in the north.
A New Hot-Stage Microscopy Technique for Measuring Temperature-Dependent Viscosities of Aerosol Particles and its Application to Farnesene Secondary Organic Aerosol
Authors: Kiland Kristian J. , Marroquin Kevin L. , Smith Natalie R. , Xu Shaun , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The viscosity of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is needed to predict their influence on air quality, climate, and atmospheric chemistry. Many techniques have been developed to measure the viscosity of micrometer-sized materials at room temperature, however, few techniques are able to measure viscosity as a function of temperature for these small sample sizes. SOA in the troposphere experience a wide range of temperatures, so measurement of viscosity as a function of temperature is needed. To address this need, a new method was developed based on hot-stage microscopy combined with fluid dynamics simulations. To validate our technique, the viscosity of 1,3,5-tris(1-naphthyl)benzene was measured and compared with values reported in the literature. Good agreement was found between our measurements and literature data. As an application to SOA, the viscosity as a function of temperature for lab-generated farnesene SOA was measured, giving values ranging from 3.4 × 106 Pa s at 51 °C to 2.6 × 104 Pa s at 67 °C. These values were significantly higher (1–2 orders of magnitude) than values predicted using a parameterization from DeRieux et al. (2018), the chemical composition of the SOA measured with a high-resolution mass spectrometer, and assuming a fragility of 10 (as done previously). These results illustrate that our new experimental approach provides important data for testing methods used for predicting the viscosities of SOA in the atmosphere.
Comparison of Two Photolytic Calibration Methods for Nitrous Acid
Authors: Lindsay Andrew , Wood Ezra
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in tropospheric oxidation chemistry as it is a precursor to the hydroxyl radical. Measurements of HONO have been historically difficult due to instrument interferences and difficulties in sampling and calibration. The traditional calibration method involves generation of HONO by reacting hydrogen chloride vapor with sodium nitrite followed by quantification by various methods (e.g., conversion of HONO to nitric oxide (NO) followed by chemiluminescence detection). Alternatively, HONO can be generated photolytically in the gas-phase by reacting NO with OH radicals generated by H2O photolysis. In this work, we describe and compare two photolytic HONO calibration methods that were used to calibrate an iodide adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). Both methods are based on the water vapor photolysis method commonly used for OH and HO2 calibrations. The first method is an adaptation of the common chemical actinometry HOx calibration method, in which HONO is calculated based on quantified values for [O3], [H2O], [O2], and the absorption cross sections for H2O and O2 at 184.9 nm. In the second, novel method the HONO concentration is simply determined based on the simultaneous measurements of NO2 formed by the reaction of NO with HO2 from the H2O photolysis. This second, novel approach generally has an improved (lower) calibration uncertainty and is simpler to apply. Calibration uncertainties are typically 30 to 36 % (2σ) for the actinometric method and as low as 9 % (2σ) for the NO2 proxy method, limited by the uncertainty of the NO2 measurements.
The ozone–climate penalty over South America and Africa by 2100
Authors: Brown Flossie , Folberth Gerd A. , Sitch Stephen , Bauer Susanne , Bauters Marijin , Boeckx Pascal , Cheesman Alexander W. , Deushi Makoto , Dos Santos Inês , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Haywood James , Keeble James , Mercado Lina M. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Oshima Naga , Tsigaridis Kostas , Verbeeck Hans
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Climate change has the potential to increase surface ozone (O3) concentrations, known as the ‘ozone–climate penalty’, through changes to atmospheric chemistry, transport and dry deposition. In the tropics, the response of surface O3 to changing climate is relatively understudied, but has important consequences for air pollution, human and ecosystem health. In this study, we evaluate the change in surface O3 due to climate change over South America and Africa using 3 state-of-the-art Earth system models that follow the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 3 7.0 emissions scenario from CMIP6. To quantify the changes driven by climate change alone, we evaluate the difference between end of the century predictions for simulations which include climate change and simulations with the same emissions scenario but with a fixed present-day climate. We find that by 2100, models predict an ozone–climate penalty in areas where O3 is already predicted to be high due to the impacts of precursor emissions, namely urban and biomass burning areas, although on average models predict a decrease in surface O3 due to climate change. We identify a small but robust positive trend in annual mean surface O3 over polluted areas. Additionally, during biomass burning seasons, seasonal mean O3 concentrations increase by 15 ppb (model range 12 to 18 ppb) in areas with substantial biomass burning such as the arc of deforestation in the Amazon. The ozone–climate penalty in polluted areas is shown to be driven by an increased rate of O3 chemical production, which is strongly influenced by NOx concentrations and is therefore specific to the emissions pathway chosen. Multiple linear regression finds the change in NOx concentration to be a strong predictor of the change in O3 production whereas increased isoprene emission rate is positively correlated with increased O3 destruction, suggesting NOx-limited conditions over the majority of tropical Africa and South America. However, models disagree on the role of climate change in remote, low-NOx regions, partly because of significant differences in NOx concentrations produced by each model. We also find that the magnitude and location of the ozone–climate penalty in the Congo basin has greater inter-model variation than in the Amazon, so further model development and validation is needed to constrain the response in central Africa. We conclude that if the climate were to change according to the emissions scenario used here, models predict that forested areas in biomass burning locations and urban populations will be at increasing risk of high O3 exposure.
Skillful Decadal Prediction of German Bight Storm Activity
Authors: Krieger Daniel , Brune Sebastian , Pieper Patrick , Weisse Ralf , Baehr Johanna
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We evaluate the prediction skill of the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) decadal hindcast system for German Bight storm activity (GBSA) on a multiannual to decadal scale. We define GBSA every year via the most extreme three-hourly geostrophic wind speeds, which are derived from mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) data. Our 64-member ensemble of annually initialized hindcast simulations spans the time period 1960-2018. For this period, we compare deterministically and probabilistically predicted winter MSLP anomalies and annual GBSA with a lead time of up to ten years against observations. The model shows limited deterministic skill for single prediction years, but significant positive deterministic skill for long averaging periods. For probabilistic predictions of high and low storm activity, the model is skillful at both short and long averaging periods, and outperforms persistence-based predictions. For short lead years, the skill of the probabilistic prediction for high and low storm activity notably exceeds the deterministic skill. We therefore conclude that, for the German Bight, skillful decadal predictions of regional storm activity can be viable with a large ensemble and a carefully designed approach.
Quad-Mag Board for CubeSat Applications
Authors: Strabel Brady P. , Regoli Leonardo H. , Moldwin Mark B. , Ojeda Lauro V. , Shi Yining , Thoma Jacob D. , Narrett Isaac S. , Bronner Bret , Pellioni Matthew
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The design, characteristics, and performance of a CubeSat magnetometer board (Quad-Mag) equipped with four PNI RM3100 magnetometers is presented. The low size, weight, power, and cost of the RM3100 enables the inclusion of four sensors on a single board, allowing a potential factor of two reduction in the noise floor established for an individual sensor via oversampling with multiple sensors. The instrument experimentally achieved a noise floor of 5.345 nT (individual axis), averaging across each axis of the four magnetometers, at a 65 Hz sampling rate. This approaches the previously theoretically established limit for the system of 4.37 nT at 40 Hz. A single on-board, Texas Instrument MSP430 microcontroller handles synchronization of the magnetometers and facilitates data collection through a simple UART-based command interface to a host system. The Quad-Mag system has a mass of 59.05 g and total power consumption of 23 mW while sampling and 14 mW while idle. The Quad-Mag enables 1 nT magnetic field measurements at 1 Hz using commercial-off-the-shelf sensors for space applications.
High-resolution water level and storage variation datasets for 338 reservoirs in China during 2010–2020
Authors: Shen Youjiang , Liu Dedi , Jiang Liguang , Nielsen Karina , Yin Jiabo , Liu Jun , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Reservoirs and dams are essential infrastructures in water management, thus information of their surface water area (SWA), water surface elevation (WSE), and reservoir water storage change (RWSC), is crucial for understanding their properties and interactions on hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, knowledge of these reservoir characteristics is scarce or inconsistent at national scale. Here, we introduce comprehensive reservoir datasets of 338 reservoirs in China, with a total of 470.6 km3 storage capacity (50 % Chinese reservoir storage capacity). Given the scarcity of publicly available gauged observations and operational applications of satellites for hydrological cycles, we utilize multiple satellite altimetry missions (SARAL/AltiKa, Sentinel-3 A and B, and CroySat-2) and Landsat satellite data to produce a comprehensive reservoir dataset on the WSE, SWA, and RWSC during 2010–2020. Validation against gauged measurements of 93 reservoirs demonstrates the relatively high accuracy and reliability of our remotely-sensed datasets: (1) Across gauge comparisons of RWSC, the median statistics of CC, NRMSE, and RMSE are 0.76, 15 %, and 0.035 km3, with a total of 75 % validated reservoirs (70 of 93) having good RMSE from 0.002 to 0.35 km3 and NRMSE values smaller than 20 %. (2) Comparisons of WSE retracked by four satellite altimeters and gauges show good agreement. Specifically, percentages of reservoirs having good and moderate RMSE values smaller than 1.0 m for CryoSat-2 (validated in 30 reservoirs), SARAL/AltiKa (8), Sentinel-3A (25), and Sentinel-3B (25) are 90 %, 88 %, 64 %, and 76 % respectively. By taking advantages of four satellite altimetry missions, we are able to densify WSE observations across spatiotemporal scales. Statistically, around 85 % validated reservoirs (53 of 62) have RMSE values below 1.0 m, while 63 % reservoirs (39 of 62) have a good data quality with RMSE values below 0.6 m. Overall, our study fills such a data gap with regard to comprehensive reservoir information in China and provides strong support for many aspects such as hydrological processes, water resources, and other studies. The dataset is publicly available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5812012 (Shen et al., 2021).
Insight into the structure of black coatings of ancient Egyptian mummies by advanced Electron magnetic resonance of vanadyl complexes
Authors: Dutoit Charles Emmanuel , Binet Laurent , Vezin Hervé , Anduze Océane , Lattuati-Derieux Agnès , Gourier Didier
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ancient Egyptian mummies from the Late Period to the Greco-Roman period were covered by a black coating consisting in a complex and heterogeneous mixtures of conifer resins, wax, fat and oil with variable amounts of bitumen. Natural bitumen always contains traces of vanadyl porphyrin complexes that we used here as internal probes to explore the nanoscale environment of V4+ ions in these black coatings by Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) and Hyperfine Sublevel CORrelation spectroscopy (HYSCORE). Four types of vanadyl porphyrin complexes were identified from the analysis of 14N hyperfine interactions. Three types (referred to as VO-P1, VO-P2 and VO-P3) are present in natural bitumen from the Dead Sea, among which VO-P1 and VO-P2 are also present in black coatings of mummies. The absence of VO-P3 in mummies, which is replaced by another complex VO-P4, may be due to its transformation during preparation of the black matter for embalming. Analysis of 1H hyperfine interaction shows that bitumen and other natural substances are intimately mixed in these black coatings, with aggregate sizes of bitumen increasing with the bitumen content, but not exceeding a few nanometres.
Visualization of Spin Dynamics in Coupled Nuclear Multispin Systems
Authors: Xu Jingyan , Budker Dmitry , Barskiy Danila A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Since the dawn of quantum mechanics ways to visualize spins and their interactions attracted attention of researchers and philosophers of science. Angular momentum probability (AMP) surfaces are known for visualizing density matrices; a plotted surface represents probability of finding maximum projection of angular momentum along any direction in space. While AMP surfaces visually reveal symmetries of density matrices which directly translate to measured properties, they focus solely on one total-angular-momentum manifold, neglecting interaction between different manifolds often encountered in the NMR of multispin systems. In this work, we extend applicability of this visualization method and introduce its extension, angular momentum coherence (AMC) surface approach. Three examples of nuclear spin dynamics in two-spin systems are presented and visualized using the AMP/AMC surfaces: (I) spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) sequence with initial state being the singlet state between two spins; (II) interplay between chemical exchange and spin dynamics during the high-field signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) experiment; (III) zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR experiment in the presence of magnetic field applied perpendicular to the sensitive axis of the detector. The presented visualization technique extends applicability of AMP surfaces to coupled multispin systems and will facilitate intuitive understanding of spin dynamics during complex NMR experiments as exemplified here by the considered cases. The temporal sequences (“the movies”) of such surfaces show phenomena like interconversion of polarization moments (Auzinsh et al., 2010) and, as particularly relevant in NMR and demonstrated here, polarization transfer between different spins. Such effects are difficult to grasp by looking at (time-dependent) numerical values of density-matrix elements.
Foreign Direct Investment in Central Asian Countries: Leaders, Methods of Attraction, Prospects
Authors: Ыдырыс С.С. , Шарханова Б. , Ydyrys S. , Sharkhanova B.
Published: May 2022

Привлечение прямых иностранных инвестиции является одной из важных условий устойчивого экономического и социального развития для стран Центральной Азии. Регион богатый природными и человеческими ресурсами, стратегическое расположение которого между богатой природными ресурсами Россией и одной из самых больших рынков потребления, и экономического развития Китаем, и не стабильным Афганистаном привлекает международных игроков в сферах экономики, политической стабильности и безопасности.В статье приводиться сравнительный анализ по пяти странам Центральной Азии - Казахстан, Туркменистан, Кыргызстан, Узбекистан и Таджикистан по потенциалу привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиции, структуре экономики, перспективам долгосрочного экономического развития. За 30 лет после обретения независимости страны Центральной Азии развивались неоднородно, но структура экономик всех пяти стран схожая, сырьевая экономика, направленная на добычу и экспорт природных ресурсов. На протяжении всех лет становления прямые иностранные инвестиции направлялись в добывающие секторы экономики. Но снижение и волатильность цен на мировом рынке энергоресурсов, зависимость от внешних шоков, увеличение населения региона, желание самих стран диверсифицировать экономику вынуждает правящие элиты республик принимать законы и проводить реформы для улучшения инвестиционного климата для привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиции в приоритетные секторы экономики.

Attracting foreign direct investment is one of the important conditions for sustainable economic and social development for the countries of Central Asia. The region rich in natural and human resources, the strategic location of which between resource-rich Russia and one of the largest consumption markets, and economic development in China, and unstable Afghanistan attracts in the spheres: economy, political stability and security.The article provides a comparative analysis of five Central Asian countries - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in terms of the potential for attracting foreign direct investment, the structure of the economy, and the prospects for long-term economic development.Over the 30 years after gaining independence, the countries of Central Asia have developed unevenly, but the structure of the economies of all five countries is similar, a resource-based economy focused on the extraction and export of natural resources. Throughout the years of formation, foreign direct investment was directed to the extractive sectors of the economy. But the decline and volatility of prices in the world market for natural resources, dependence on external shocks, an increase in the population of the region, the desire of the countries themselves to diversify their economies are forcing the ruling elites of countries to adopt laws and implement reforms to improve the investment climate to attract foreign direct investment in priority sectors of the economy.
СЕТЕВЫЕ МОДЕЛИ МЕЖСЕКТОРНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В ОБЩЕСТВЕННОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Zambinova Z. , Pritvorova T. , Zambinova G. , Замбинова З.Б. , Притворова Т.П. , Замбинова Г.К.
Published: May 2022

Corporate social responsibility is being implemented on a large scale by Kazakhstan corporations in the public sector on the basis of memoranda with the state and support for non-profit organizations through charitable foundations. But the network approach carries significant strategic potential, which is currently not used.The article considered the development of models of intersectoral partnership that change the relationship between compensatory projects and human development projects in favor of the latter.And also, was shown an expert survey of administrators of large corporations of Kazakhstan and representatives of state bodies, as well as an analysis of the content of memoranda of mutual intentions to identify forms of implementation of intersectoral partnership. The sample included 3 large corporations of Kazakhstan: Kazzinc JSC, ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC, Kazakhmys JSC.Analyzed the assessment of the content of memoranda of mutual intentions of public administration bodies and large corporations conducting business activities on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.As a result, models of 2 network cooperation projects were proposed, which involve using the financial and professional resources of corporations on the principle of corporate volunteering for the development of the human potential of socially vulnerable groups of society and increasing the sustainability of non-profit organizations, social entrepreneurs.

Корпоративная социальная ответственность масштабно реализуется корпорациями Казахстана в общественном секторе на основе меморандумов с государством и поддержки некоммерческих организаций через благотворительные фонды. Но сетевой подход несет в себе значительный потенциал стратегического характера, который в настоящее время не задействован.В статье была рассмотрена разработка моделей межсекторного партнерства, изменяющих соотношение между проектами компенсирующего характера и проектами развития человеческого потенциала в пользу последних.Был показан экспертный опрос администраторов крупных корпораций Казахстана и представителей государственных органов, а также анализ содержания меморандумов о взаимных намерениях для идентификации форм реализации межсекторного партнерства. В выборку были включены 3 крупные корпорации Казахстана: АО «Kazzinc», АО «АрселорМиттал Темиртау», АО «Казахмыс».Проанализирована оценка содержания меморандумов о взаимных намерениях органов государственного управления и крупных корпораций, ведущих хозяйственную деятельность на территории Республики Казахстан.В результате было предложено модели 2-х проектов сетевого сотрудничества, которые предполагают задействовать финансовый и профессиональный ресурс корпораций на принципе корпоративного волонтерства для развития человеческого потенциала социально-уязвимых групп общества и повышения устойчивости некоммерческих организаций, социальных предпринимателей.
Экономика гостеприимства в условиях пандемии
Authors: Yerikkyzy A. , Beloussova E. , Ериккызы А. , Белоусова Э.В.
Published: May 2022

Conducted research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality industry participants in response to the emergence of comments from scientists and analysts in countries.The level of risk exposure to dependence on a country's GDP shows that there is a high dependence on the pandemic for countries where the level exceeds 20 percent. In this case, the economy of such countries was reorganized into domestic tourism.World practice has shown that cases of disappearance of tourists, re-treatment and dissemination of IT technologies have been identified due to the occurrence of cases of loss of the probability of distribution.Using the given statistical data on the development of the tourism and hospitality industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors analyzed the influence of some factors influencing the development of the tourism industry.Conclusions and practical recommendations can contribute to the development of measures to improve the process of tourism infrastructu

Проведенное исследование отражает влияние пандемии Covid-19 на участников индустрии гостеприимства на примере комментарий ученых и аналитиков отдельных стран.Представленные показатели доли гостеприимства в ВВП страны показывает, что высока зависимость от наличия пандемии для стран, где уровень превышал 20 процентов. В этом случае вся экономика таких стран перестроилась на внутренний туризм.Мировая практика свидетельствует о том, что отдельные страны в отсутствии туристов, пытаются реорганизовать и внести ИТ технологии в экономику гостеприимства по причине потери доверия к отрасли.Используя, приведенные статистические данные развития индустрии туризма и гостеприимства Республики Казахстан, авторами проведен анализ влияния некоторых факторов, влияющих на развитие индустрии туризма.Выводы и практические рекомендации могут способствовать разработке мероприятий по совершенствованию процесса деятельности объектов туристской инфраструктуры, эффективного управления инновационной деятельностью индустрии туризма и гостеприимства.
ВАКЦИНАЦИЯ КАК ОДНА ИЗ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ МЕР ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ
Authors: Akhtayeva S. , Tlessova E. , Shokhan R. , Omarova A. , Ахтаева С. , Тлесова Э. , Шохан Р. , Омарова А.
Published: May 2022

Vaccination is the basis of global health security, as well as one of the most effective types of investments in human health protection. One of the effective methods of preventing infectious diseases is vaccination.The article is devoted to the study of the problems of vaccination of the population against COVID-19. Based on the study and the study, the authors proceed from the fact that the problem of vaccination of the population not only from COVID-19, but also from a number of other diseases is paid attention, but at the same time it is not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of this topic.The paper analyzes the coverage of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with certain types of vaccines for the period from 2015-2020, the coverage of immunization in the world in 2019, and also presents a forecast with scenarios of the number and timing of the vaccinated population.

Вакцинация является основой безопасности в сфере глобального здравоохранения, а также одним из эффективных видов инвестиций в охрану здоровья человека. Одним из эффективных методов профилактики инфекционных заболеваний является вакцинация.Статья посвящена исследованию проблем вакцинации населения от COVID-19. На основании изучения и проведения исследования авторы исходят из того, что проблеме вакцинации населения не только от COVID-19, но и от ряда других заболеваний уделяется внимание, но при этом она не достаточно изучена, чем и определена актуальность данной темы.В работе проведен анализ охвата населения Республики Казахстан отдельными видами вакцин за период с 2015-2019 годы, охват иммунизацией в мире в 2019 году, а также представлен прогноз со сценариями количества и сроков вакцинированного населения.
Selection of chilled chicken meat conservation methods against the background of microbiota reduction and organoleptic properties
Authors: Mamuladze Teona , Sikharulidze Tsitsino , Gagelidze Nino
Published: May 2022

Packaging is the latest innovation, seen as a technique for conserving perishable products, including improving the storing of poultry meat. The study investigated the effects of packaging tapes (mlx 60/200 and mlx 60/250), modified atmospheric gas composition (MAP) and vacuum (vp) packaging, quantitative changes in raw chicken meat microbiota, and sensory parameters (color, odor, consistency, and Indicators of forms.). The three most common gases used in MAP to create a modified atmosphere gas were: carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen. Raw chicken bark and breast meat were taken as samples. The duration of the exsperiment was 11 days. It was found that the best results from the existing experiments showed 70% O2: 30% CO2 composition and packaging of the modified atmosphere - film mlx 60/250. Mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (CFU/ g) were reduced by 73% in barley meat and by 55% in fillet compared to the control sample. Such packaging maintained the organoleptic characteristics of the meat - color and density, no odor and mucus. Meat vacuum-packed had the highest fluid loss and the lowest sensory parameters.
Adaptability and problem solving as survival skills
Authors: Thant Sin Khin Khin
Published: May 2022

This study investigates student teachers' adaptability and problem-solving abilities during their practice teaching in a school-university partnership. The study explores how student teachers tried to adapt to the new school environments and how they overcame the obstacles they encountered. This study applied a mixed-methods design. In the quantitative part, 50 student teachers participated, and four student teachers volunteered for interviews. The results showed that student teachers used their adaptability and problem-solving skills to win stressful situations, including difficulties in teaching and learning and communication with school teachers. In addition to that, student teachers also increased their self-confidence and learned to build professional identity.