bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biased Technological Progress, Factor Price Distribution, and Overcapacity: A Case from China
Authors: Xiao Peng , Li Baoxi , He Yuhang
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of biased technological progress on China’s industrial overcapacity. Using a time-varying stochastic frontier model, standardized supply-side system method, and the production function method, we measure the capacity utilization rate, biased technological progress index, and factor price distortion index in China’s industrial sector. Additionally, we employ a mediation effect model to analyze the impact of biased technological progress on overcapacity through factor price distortion. The findings suggest that biased technological progress can alleviate overcapacity, while factor price distortion exacerbates the problem. Biased technological progress alleviates overcapacity through capital price distortion, with a more significant effect in heavy industries than in light industries. Based on the results, we propose a series of policy recommendations, including optimizing the bias towards technological progress, improving the factor market, and enhancing the original innovation capability.
Estimated Prostate Volume by Semiautomatic Segmentation of MRI Is More Accurately Correlated with Radical Prostatectomy Specimen Weight than the Volume Calculated by Ellipsoid Formula
Authors: Wu Shulin , Feldman Adam S. , Lin Sharron X. , Kim Michelle M. , Cornejo Kristine M. , Harisinghani Mukesh G. , Wu Chin-Lee , Dahl Douglas M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Accurate in vivo prostate volume (PV) estimation is important for obtaining prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and further predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-estimated PV compared to both volume and weight of radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: We identified 310 PCa patients who underwent RP following combined targeted and systematic biopsy in our institution from September 2019 to February 2021. The MRI PV was determined using a semiautomated segmentation algorithm. RP PV was calculated using the prolate ellipsoid formula (length × width × height × π/6). Formula (prostate weight = [actual weight−3.8 g]/1.05 g/mL) was applied, and the resulting volume was used in further analysis. Results: The median PV from MRI, RP, and RP weight were 39 mL, 38 mL, and 44 mL, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were 0.841 (MRI PV vs. RP weight), 0.758 (RP PV vs. RP weight), and 0.707 (MRI PV vs. RP PV) (all p < 0.001). Decreased correlation between the MRI PV and RP PV was observed in the larger (more than 55 mL) prostate. The PSAD derived from MRI PV showed most efficient to detect csPCa in RP specimen (57.9% vs. 57.6% vs. 45.4%). Conclusion: MRI PV is correlated better with RP weight than calculated RP PV, especially in larger prostate. The high csPCa detection rate in final pathology suggested that PSAD derived from MRI PV can be confidently used in clinical practice.
Classification of Colorectal Cancer Subtypes Based on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Qu Zhanbo , Chu Jian , Wu Yinhang , Zhuang Jing , Liu Jiang , Han Shugao , Wu Wei , Han Shuwen
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: One thousand nine CRC samples and 3 ERS gene sets from GEO database were used to screen and validate genes related to stage and prognosis of CRC. Twenty thousand five hundred thirty samples from the TCGA database validated the ERS genes related to prognosis. PPI network construction and coexpression analysis were used to investigate the correlation of genes. ConsensusClusterPlus analysis was used to classify CRC subtypes. Cox regression and the LASSO algorithm were used to screen ERS genes related to prognosis. HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR of 50 owner-central samples were used to verify the genes. The ERscore model was constructed based on the ERS genes related to prognosis. The nomogram model was used to verify that different subtypes of CRC patients have different prognosis. Results: Fifty ERS differentially expressed genes related to CRC stage and 8 ERS model genes related to prognosis were screened. Three subtypes of CRC were classified based on the former 50 genes. The clinical characteristics were significantly different among the subtypes. The ERscore model was constructed based on the latter 8 genes, and its accuracy was verified by clinical samples. Finally, the nomogram was constructed based on ERscore, age, and CRC stage, and the accuracy of the nomogram prediction was verified. Conclusion: ERS-related genes can be used as classification criteria for CRC, and the related clinical characteristics of different CRC subtypes are different.
Impact of Functional Status on Development of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Increase in Inhospital Mortality among Antibiotic Users
Authors: Watanabe Kenta , Tsuji Tsuyotoshi , Saruta Yohei , Matsuzawa Hisanori , Shimodaira Yosuke , Iijima Katsunori
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Functional status is one of the surrogates of advanced age, an established risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We aimed to investigate the usefulness of functional status in the clinical management of CDI. Methods: We enrolled all hospitalized adult patients receiving antibiotics from a retrospective hospital-based cohort in Japan between 2016 and 2020. Using the Barthel index (BI), which is an objective scale of functional status, we investigated the association of BI with developing CDI and its impact on inhospital mortality in patients with CDI. Results: We enrolled 17,131 patients with 100 cases of CDI. Multivariable analysis revealed that lower BI (≤25) was an independent risk factor for developing CDI (adjusted odds ratio, 4.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.62–6.46). Furthermore, a combination of BI and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) showed an adjusted odds ratio of 36.40 (95% confidence interval, 17.30–76.60) in the highest risk group. A high-risk group according to the combination of BI and CCI was estimated to have significantly higher inhospital mortality in patients with CDI using the Kaplan-Meier method (p = 0.017). A combination of lower BI and higher CCI was an independent predictor of inhospital mortality even in the multivariable Cox regression model (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–8.88). Conclusions: Assessment of functional status, especially combined with comorbidities, was significantly associated with developing CDI and may also be useful in predicting inhospital mortality.
Association between Impaired Renal Function and Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Assessment Using Noninvasive Pressure-Strain Loop
Authors: Lin Mingming , Qin Yunyun , Ding Xueyan , Zhang Miao , Zhu Weiwei , Guo Dichen , Wang Jiangtao , Lu Xiuzhang , Cai Qizhe
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the abnormal myocardial function in HFpEF patients with renal dysfunction (RD) and investigate the relationship between renal function and myocardial mechanical characteristics in patients with HFpEF. Methods: 134 patients with HFpEF and 32 control subjects were enrolled in our study. Clinical and echocardiography data were collected for offline analysis. Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global waste work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were measured after noninvasive pressure-strain loop analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the correlation between renal function and myocardial function in patients with HFpEF. Results: In comparison to control subjects, patients with HFpEF tend to have higher GWW (78 [50–115] vs. 108 [65–160] mm Hg%, p < 0.05) and lower GWE (96 [95–97] vs. 95 [92–96] %, p < 0.05), while left ventricular ejection fraction (65.5 ± 3.3 vs. 64.3 ± 4.6%, p < 0.05) was comparable between them. Besides, increased GWW (86 [58–152] vs. 125 [94–187] mm Hg%, p < 0.05) and decreased GWE (96 [93–97] vs. 94 [92–96] %, p < 0.05) were detected in patients with RD compared to those with normal renal function. An independent correlation was found between estimated glomerular filtration rate and GWW after multivariate analysis. Discussion/Conclusion: More severely impaired myocardial function was detected in HFpEF patients with RD compared to those with normal renal function. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was independently correlated to GWW in patients with HFpEF.
Taurine from Aquatic Resources: Extraction and Functional Properties
Authors: Maskur Muhammad , Prihanto Asep Awaludin
Published: November 2023

Taurine is a neutral β-amino acid that originates from metabolizing sulfur amino acids. It distinguishes itself by having a sulfonic acid group in its chemical structure instead of a carboxylic acid group. Taurine can be obtained from a substance through an extraction process. As a functional compound, taurine serves various physiological functions in humans, such as protecting against tissue damage caused by free radicals, facilitating efficient fat absorption and dissolution, reducing the risk of hypertension, enhancing immune endurance, and serving as a critical antioxidant scavenging reactive oxygen species. This review provides an overview of extraction methods, physiological functions, and the prospective development of functional food products derived from taurine. The appropriate selection of extraction methods significantly influences the production of taurine compounds. Non-conventional methods, particularly Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, stand out as environmentally friendly and highly effective strategies for extracting taurine compounds from materials. The physiological functions encompass antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection activities. Despite the limited utilization of taurine in functional foods, there is an opportunity to develop helpful food products by incorporating or supplementing taurine into foods.
The Zhenbao Incident of 1969: Mao’s Version of “Manufacturing Consent”
Authors: Lee Joseph
Published: November 2023

In March 1969, the Sino-Soviet military clash on Zhenbao Island marked a critical juncture in the development of the US-China rapprochement. Despite Mao’s solid grip on power and the opportune momentum for policy change after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, a formidable anti-US sentiment had taken shape since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially during the Cultural Revolution, which provided insufficient opportunities to change the diplomatic course. Eventually, Mao directly ordered an ambush on Zhenbao to persuade the public by heightening tensions with Moscow. When the Soviet threat had surpassed that of the United States and the justification for a conciliatory approach toward Washington was prepared, Mao resumed a restrained strategic move toward Sino-American rapprochement. The Zhenbao incident was Mao’s version of “manufacturing consent”, as he laid the foundation for the trilateral relationship’s transformation.
The Date of the Stein Manuscript of the Platform Sūtra
Authors: Galambos Imre
Published: November 2023

As some of the earliest extant examples of Chan writings survived in the Dunhuang library cave, they have been studied extensively in modern scholarship as witnesses of texts that were to leave a lasting impact throughout East Asia. This paper uses a codicological perspective to re-examine the so-called Stein manuscript of the Platform Sūtra kept at the British Library. This is one of the key sources for the study of early Chan, primarily because it contains what is often claimed to the be the earliest copy of the Platform Sūtra. The paper’s aim is to demonstrate that the manuscript, in its physical reality, can tell us additional information beyond what has already been learned from the text in it. This entails a shift from a focus on the transmission of the text to its use in a concrete setting. On the one hand, the ‘material’ approach can offer insights into the identity and background of the persons and communities involved in copying and using such texts, and on the other, it can help to reassess the accepted dating of the manuscript. Among the key pieces of information not considered before is an ownership note written on the spine of the manuscript, pointing to a connection with educational setting.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Extreme Rainfall Indices over Nicaragua between 2001 and 2016 and Their Relationship with Teleconnection Patterns
Authors: Mendez-Rivas Ruth , Palacios Maycol Mena , Lemus Reiner Palomino
Published: November 2023

We investigated nine indices of spatiotemporal extreme precipitation events over Nicaragua during 2001–16, from GPCC, Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), and IMERG, and their correlation with teleconnection patterns. The main objectives were to evaluate the variability of extreme precipitation events, to know the performance of IMERG and CHIRPS in the characterization of these extreme events, using GPCC and four rain gauges as references, and finally to determine the teleconnection patterns that have the highest correlation with these indices. The spatial coverage of the area with the highest number of consecutive days with daily precipitation less than 1 mm corresponds to the Pacific region, with annual mean values of up to 120 continuous days. Some extreme precipitation event indices (RR, RX1day, and RX5day) show a decreasing trend, suggesting that the study area has been experiencing a reduction of extreme precipitation indices in terms of intensities and duration throughout the study period. In addition, it was observed that CHIRPS shows a better fit when dealing with precipitation events that do not exceed certain thresholds and IMERG improves when describing intense precipitation event patterns. We found that the tropical Pacific SST EOF (EOFPAC), Niño-3.4, Pacific warm pool region (PACWARM), and SOI have a greater influence on extreme precipitation events, these results suggest that they are being controlled by ENSO episodes, providing a better understanding of the climate configuration, as a prediction and forecasting potential, useful for agriculture, land use, and risk management.
Asian Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing Played a Key Role in the Multidecadal Increase in Australian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Fahrenbach Nora L. S. , Bollasina Massimo A. , Samset BjØrn H. , Cowan Tim , Ekman Annica M. L.
Published: November 2023

Observations show a significant increase in Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) rainfall since the mid-twentieth century. Yet the drivers of this trend, including the role of anthropogenic aerosols, remain uncertain. We addressed this knowledge gap using historical simulations from a suite of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models, the CESM2 Large Ensemble, and idealized single-forcing simulations from the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). Our results suggest that Asian anthropogenic aerosol emissions played a key role in the observed increase in AUSM rainfall from 1930 to 2014, alongside the influence of internal variability. Sulfate aerosol emissions over Asia led to regional surface cooling and strengthening of the climatological Siberian high over eastern China, which altered the meridional temperature and sea level pressure gradients across the Indian Ocean. This caused an intensification and southward shift of the Australian monsoonal westerlies (and the local Hadley cell) and resulted in a precipitation increase over northern Australia. Conversely, the influence of increased greenhouse gas concentrations on AUSM rainfall was minimal due to the compensation between thermodynamically induced wettening and transient eddy-induced drying trends. At a larger scale, aerosol and greenhouse gas forcing played a key role in the climate response over the Indo-Pacific sector and eastern equatorial Pacific, respectively (coined the “tropical Pacific east–west divide”). These findings contribute to an improved understanding of the drivers of the multidecadal trend in AUSM rainfall and highlight the need to reduce uncertainties in future projections under different aerosol emission trajectories, which is particularly important for northern Australia’s agriculture.

Significance Statement

Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) rainfall plays a vital role in sustaining northern Australia’s unique biodiversity and extensive agricultural industry. While observations show a significant increase in AUSM rainfall since the mid-twentieth century, the causes remain uncertain. We find that anthropogenic aerosol emissions from Asia played a key role in driving this multidecadal AUSM rainfall trend by inducing dynamic adjustments over the Indo-Pacific sector. These findings highlight the need to consider different aerosol emission trajectories when assessing future projections of AUSM rainfall.
Trojan Horse Technologies: Smuggling Criminal-Legal Logics into Healthcare Practice
Authors: Chiarello Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In the throes of an intractable overdose crisis, U.S. pharmacists have begun to engage in an unexpected practice—policing patients. Contemporary sociological theory does not explain why. Theories of professions and frontline work suggest professions closely guard jurisdictions and make decisions based on the logics of their own fields. Theories of criminal-legal expansion show that non-enforcement fields have become reoriented around crime over the past several decades, but past work largely focuses on macro-level consequences. This article uses the case of pharmacists and opioids to develop a micro-level theory of professional field reorientation around crime, the Trojan Horse Framework. Drawing on 118 longitudinal and cross-sectional interviews with pharmacists in six states, I reveal how the use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)—surveillance technology designed for law enforcement but implemented in healthcare—in conjunction with a set of field conditions motivates pharmacists to police patients. PDMPs serve as Trojan horse technologies as their use shifts pharmacists’ routines, relationships with other professionals, and constructions of their professional roles. As a result, pharmacists route patients out of the healthcare system and leave them vulnerable to the criminal-legal system. The article concludes with policy recommendations and a discussion of future applications of the Trojan Horse Framework.
Is the Gender Wage Gap Really a Family Wage Gap in Disguise?
Authors: Cha Youngjoo , Weeden Kim A. , Schnabel Landon
Published: November 2023

Despite large literatures on gender and family wage gaps (e.g., the motherhood wage penalty, fatherhood wage premium, and the marriage premium) and widespread recognition that the two gaps are intertwined, the extent and pattern of their relationships are underexplored. Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we show that family wage gaps are strongly associated with the gender wage gap, as long assumed in the literature, but with important caveats. The gender-differentiated wage returns to parenthood contribute 29 percent of the gender wage gap. One third of this is associated with occupation, but very little with other worker and job attributes. The gender-differentiated returns to marriage contribute another 33 percent, two thirds of which is associated with worker and job attributes but very little with occupation. However, 36 percent of the gender wage gap is unrelated to these family wage gaps, and the gender wage gap among childless workers remains substantial. Moreover, for Black and Hispanic workers, the pattern of association is more complex and generally weaker than for White workers. These results caution against focusing solely on the wage gap between “mothers and others” and suggest new directions for research.
Rooted America: Immobility and Segregation of the Intercounty Migration Network
Authors: Huang Peng , Butts Carter T.
Published: November 2023

Despite the popular narrative that the United States is a “land of mobility,” the country may have become a “rooted America” after a decades-long decline in migration rates. This article interrogates the lingering question about the social forces that limit migration, with an empirical focus on internal migration in the United States. We propose a systemic, network model of migration flows, combining demographic, economic, political, and geographic factors and network dependence structures that reflect the internal dynamics of migration systems. Using valued temporal exponential-family random graph models, we model the network of intercounty migration flows from 2011 to 2015. Our analysis reveals a pattern of segmented immobility, where fewer people migrate between counties with dissimilar political contexts, levels of urbanization, and racial compositions. Probing our model using “knockout experiments” suggests one would have observed approximately 4.6 million (27 percent) more intercounty migrants each year were the segmented immobility mechanisms inoperative. This article offers a systemic view of internal migration and reveals the social and political cleavages that underlie geographic immobility in the United States.
Mentoring social work adjunct educators: A collaborative autoethnography provides a blueprint for support
Authors: Turner George W. , Chhetry Dibya Shree , Round Rohena
Published: November 2023

Sessional academics are often employed on a part-time, contract basis as casual (e.g. adjunct) teaching staff. Internationally, universities benefit from the expertise and experience of these educational team members. However, there is a lack of research in the literature identifying how to support them. This article attempts to bridge this gap by presenting the mentoring (e.g. faculty development) experiences of three social work educators. Drawing from queer theory, we utilized collaborative autoethnography and inductive analysis resulting in three themes: (1) mentoring building blocks, (2) mentoring blueprint, and (3) mentoring strengths and challenges. Finally, broader implications are discussed.
Narrative Therapy as an intervention technique: A qualitative study from the geriatric social work field in the Chinese Mainland
Authors: Yang Zhao , Hamidi Mashitah , Abd Wahab Haris
Published: November 2023

The world population is ageing, and China is no exception. The Chinese government attaches great importance to older adults’ mental health in the increasingly ageing society. This study adopts a qualitative research approach to investigate how Narrative Therapy is applied from three dimensions in geriatric social work in the Chinese Mainland. There follows a discussion of the relationship between the three dimensions. It concludes with a recommendation on how to improve indigenization and specialization and build an evaluation tool combining qualitative and quantitative modes to promote better application in geriatric social work.
Sustainable appraisal of lac (Kerria Lacca) based anthraquinone natural dye for chemical and bio-mordanted viscose and silk dyeing
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Rehman Fazal-ur , Afzal Mehboob , Javed Mohsin , Ibrahim Muhammad , Amin Nimra , Adeel Shahid , Imran Muhammad , Mansour Rym
Published: November 2023

The coloring behavior of laccaic acid, a natural red dye derived from lac insects, has been investigated in this work for the dyeing of silk and viscose fabrics while being heated in MW radiation. The extract was made in an aqueous and acidic media and then used to color fabrics under microwave treatment for up to 10 min. For developing new shades, eco-friendly green bio-mordants and, in comparison, chemical mordants were employed at given conditions. The obtained results revealed that the aqueous extract after 4 min of radiation exposure produced a high color strength (K/S  =  17.132) onto silk and the aqueous extract after 6 min of radiation exposure produced better color strength (K/S  =  6.542) onto viscose at selected conditions. The fastness ratings evaluation as per ISO standards demonstrates that bio-anchors have provided good ratings under selected irradiation and dyeing conditions. It is concluded that this environmentally friendly technique has improved the natural coloration process of fabrics as well as addition of green mordants has furnished colorfast shades using lac-derived natural anthraquinone dye.
The effects of fixed and graduated application percentage-type compression leggings in adult women with mild in-toeing gait
Authors: Kim Hye Suk
Published: November 2023

This study examined the effects of fixed and graduated application percentage-type compression leggings for intervention in adult women with mild in-toeing gait. Participants wore these leggings while walking on a treadmill under three conditions: the control group, compression leggings with a graduated application percentage, and compression leggings with a fixed application percentage. Pressure, foot progression angle, skin blood flow, joint angle, and user evaluation scores were measured for legs affected by in-toeing gait ( n = 11). Statistical analysis compared these parameters among the three conditions. In the results, both compression leggings with a graduated application percentage and compression leggings with a fixed application percentage provided a partially graduated compression, resulting in pressure differences of 4.60 and 9.70 mmHg, respectively. Foot progression angle showed significant increases – 14.3% ( p = 0.000) with compression leggings with a graduated application percentage and 31.1% ( p = 0.000) with compression leggings with a fixed application percentage – compared with the control group condition. Skin blood flow also showed notable rises – 30.5% with compression leggings with a graduated application percentage and 61.1% ( p = 0.000) with compression leggings with a fixed application percentage – compared with the control group, indicating the superior effectiveness of compression leggings with a fixed application percentage. Both compression leggings with a graduated application percentage ( p = 0.000) and compression leggings with a fixed application percentage ( p = 0.000) positively impacted the hip joint angle in the transverse plane, nearing the normal range when compared with controls. Acceptance of both compression leggings was high, with compression leggings with a fixed application percentage proving advantageous for gait correction and compression leggings with a graduated application percentage for ease of use during donning and doffing. The study confirmed the benefits of functionality, usability, and acceptance of the two types of leggings in adult women with mild in-toeing gait.
Effect of Radiotherapy on Sino-nasal Function in Nasopharynx Cancer Patients
Authors: Wong Fergus Kai-Chuen , Wong Edwin Chun-Yin , Chu Alvin Po-Ngai , Kwan Peter Ka-Chung , Tong Fu-Man
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Radiotherapy causes significant nasal comorbidity in nasopharynx cancer (NPC) patients. However, the literature addressing the sino-nasal quality of life (QoL) of those patients, especially on structural and functional changes after radiotherapy, is limited. Method: It is a case-control study with 14 NPC groups and 14 healthy control group. The sino-nasal QoL, including the olfactory threshold using Butanol Threshold Test (BTT), the olfactory identification level using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), nasal symptoms using the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, nasal cross-sectional area, nasal flow, and nasal resistance using the acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry, were measured and compared. Result: The mean BTT score of the control group was higher than that of the NPC group (5.17 vs 2.71). The UPSIT score of the control group was higher than that of the NPC group (31.93 vs 25.14). The mean SNOT-22 score of control group was lower than that of the NPC group of (16.71 vs 37.71). All 3 results are statistically significant ( P < .05). However, there is no statistical difference in nasal cross-sectional area, nasal flow, and nasal resistance between these 2 groups. Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that NPC patients who received radiotherapy suffered a worsening of sino-nasal functional changes, including the olfaction threshold, olfaction identification, and nasal symptoms. However, the sino-nasal structural changes on nasal cross-sectional area, nasal flow, and nasal resistance after radiation remain questionable.
From totalitarianism to populism: Claude Lefort’s overlooked legacy
Authors: Selinger William
Published: November 2023

This article recovers Claude Lefort’s engagement with the issue of populism, which was inspired by the emergence of Jean-Marie Le Pen as a major figure in French politics during the late 1980s. I show how Lefort developed both an analysis of populism as a pathology of modern politics and a new vision of representative democracy as the alternative to populism. In doing so, Lefort drew upon his more familiar theory of democracy and totalitarianism, his study of the history of French political thought, and his partnership with Pierre Ronsanvallon, who was also developing an analysis of populism in response to Le Pen. Lefort’s approach to populism has outlived the context in which he first expressed it. Over the last decade, a number of prominent political theorists have drawn on Lefortian themes to formulate their own accounts of populism and democracy. In many cases, their arguments are quite similar to those that Lefort was expressing in the late 1980s and 1990s. A particular version of Lefortianism, which was foreshadowed in the writings of Lefort himself, has become one of the defining democratic theories of our political moment.
Families With Early History of Parental Abuse and Neglect: Midlife Adult Children’s Relationships With Their Parents During COVID-19
Authors: Roberto Karen A. , Potter Emma C. , Fedina Lisa , Love Jasmine , Chang Yujeong , Herrenkohl Todd I.
Published: November 2023

For families with an early history of parental abuse and neglect (EHPAN), personal and situational stressors can increase relational vulnerabilities. We examined relationship dynamics between midlife adults with EHPAN and their parents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 31 participants (aged 44–50), examined patterns of contact and support to provide insights into relationship dynamics and relational changes experienced during the pandemic. Three relational themes characterized midlife adult child-parent relationships during COVID-19: tightening ties with parents while taking few COVID-19 precautions; keeping customary ties to maintain the status quo centered around instrumental support; loosening ties in which the relationship drifted. We found areas of resilience and vulnerabilities within each type of relationship. Recognizing that past adversity continues to shape relationship dynamics throughout the life course underscores the need for further research to identify factors that contribute to long-term family resilience and challenges.
Impact of facility type and volume in locally advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Muslim Zaid , Stroever Stephanie , Poulikidis Kostantinos , Connery Cliff P , Nitzkorski James R , Bhora Faiz Y
Published: November 2023

Background

We hypothesized that academic facilities and high-volume facilities would be independently associated with improved survival and a greater propensity for performing surgery in locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Methods

We identified patients diagnosed with stage IB–III esophageal cancer during 2004–2016 from the National Cancer Database. Facility type was categorized as academic or community, and facility volume was based on the number of times a facility's unique identification code appeared in the dataset. Each facility type was dichotomized into high- and low-volume subgroups using the cutoff of 20 esophageal cancers treated/year. We fitted multivariable regression models in order to assess differences in surgery selection and survival between facilities according to type and volume.

Results

Compared to patients treated at high-volume community hospitals, those at high-volume academic facilities were more likely to undergo surgery (odds ratio: 1.865, p < 0.001) and were associated with lower odds of death (odds ratio: 0.784, p = 0.004). For both academic and community hospitals, patients at high-volume facilities were more likely to undergo surgery compared to those at low-volume facilities, p < 0.05. For patients treated at academic facilities, high-volume facilities were associated with lower odds of death (odds ratio: 0.858, p = 0.02) compared to low-volume facilities, while there was no significant difference in the odds of death between high- and low-volume community hospitals (odds ratio: 1.018, p = 0.87).

Conclusions

Both facility type and case volume impact surgery selection and survival in locally advanced esophageal cancer. Compared to community hospitals, academic facilities were more likely to perform surgery and were associated with improved survival.
Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery in low- and middle-income countries: Feasibility and outcomes
Authors: Hentati Abdessalem , Ayed Ahmed Ben , Jdidi Jihen , Chaari Zied , Halima Ghassen Ben , Frikha Imed
Published: November 2023

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) applies multimodal, perioperative, and evidence-based practices to decrease postoperative morbi-mortality, the length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs. Implementing enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery (ERATS) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is problematic. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of an ERATS protocol adapted to LMIC conditions in Tunisia.

Materials and Methods

We conducted this randomized controlled trial between December 2015 and August 2017 in the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department at Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia.

Results

One hundred patients undergoing thoracic surgery were randomly allocated to the ERATS group or Control group. During the postoperative phase, 13 patients (13%) were excluded secondary. These complication rates were lower in the ERATS group: lack of reexpansion (14.63% vs 16.10%: p = 0.72), pleural effusion (0% vs 10.86%, p = 0.05), and prolonged air leak (17.07% vs 30.43%, p = 0.14). The pain level decreased significantly in the ERATS group from postoperative H3 ( p = 0.006). This difference was significant at H6 ( p = 0.001), H24 ( p = 0.05), H48 ( p = 0.01), discharge ( p = 0.002), and after 15 days ( p = 0.01), with a decreased analgesic consumption. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the ERAS group (median six days vs seven days, p = 0.17).

Conclusion

This study provides an adapted ERATS protocol, applicable regardless of the surgical approach or the type of resection and suitable for LMIC hospital's conditions. This protocol can improve the postoperative outcomes of thoracic surgery.
Types of Analysis: Planned (prespecified) vs Post Hoc, Primary vs Secondary, Hypothesis-driven vs Exploratory, Subgroup and Sensitivity, and Others
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: November 2023

In research, there are different, overlapping ways in which the plan of analysis may be described. This article explains planned (prespecified) vs post hoc, primary vs secondary, hypothesis-driven vs exploratory, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses; intent-to-treat vs per-protocol vs completer analysis was explained in an earlier article in this column. A prespecified analysis is one that is outlined before the study starts; it is usually separated into primary and secondary analyses for the single primary outcome and the many secondary outcomes, respectively. Exploratory analyses examine relationships between variables in the absence of well-defined expectations; these tend to be statistical fishing expeditions. Subgroup analyses examine findings in categories of subjects in the sample. Sensitivity analyses examine whether the findings remain similar if the data are handled in a way that differs from the original plan of analysis. Post hoc analyses examine hypotheses that are conceptualized after the data are seen. All these terms are explained with the help of examples, and strengths and limitations are briefly discussed.
Factors That Contributed to Early Intervention Providers’ Use of Caregiver Coaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Williams Crystal S. , Ostrosky Michaelene M.
Published: November 2023

Caregiver coaching in early intervention (EI) can lead to positive outcomes for young children with delays and disabilities and their families. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some EI providers reported coaching caregivers more frequently. However, EI providers’ use of caregiver coaching is inconsistent, and there is a need for more effective personnel preparation in this area. In this qualitative study we explored EI providers’ beliefs about what factors contributed to their increased use of caregiver coaching during the pandemic. Participants reported two areas that contributed to their use of caregiver coaching: service delivery (e.g., telepractice, role changes, and caregiver expectations for services) and learning opportunities (e.g., personal growth and reflection, educational resources, and collaboration). Implications include the need for policies that allow and promote access to telepractice services and the importance of using a variety of adult learning strategies when delivering in-service and pre-service preparation related to caregiver coaching.
Severe pneumonia with empyema caused by Parvimonas micra and Streptococcus constellatus co-infection: a case report
Authors: Duan Yao , Feng Wenshi , Shen Yuxin , Li Yue , Li Ni , Chen Xuyan , Wang Yiqun
Published: November 2023

Empyema is a common complication of pneumonia, caused by the accumulation of purulent exudate due to pathogenic bacteria invading the pleural cavity. Parvimonas micra and Streptococcus constellatus are pathogens that rarely cause pneumonia with empyema. Herein, a case of severe empyema caused by these two pathogens, confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of pleural effusion cultures, is reported. A male Chinese patient in his late sixties presented with wheezing, cough, sputum expectoration, and fever. Blood and sputum cultures were negative for pathogens, but the pleural effusion culture was positive for S. constellatus, and was also found to contain P. micra, confirmed by mNGS. The patient’s symptoms improved after treatment with cefoperazone/sulbactam and moxifloxacin. Pneumonia caused by P. micra and S. constellatus is rare; however, coinfection with these pathogens may cause severe pneumonia, with or without empyema.
Preoperative versus postoperative misoprostol use for prevention of blood loss during caesarean section in pregnant women at term: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ajah Leonard Ogbonna , Ajah Monique Iheoma , Ezegwui Hyginus Uzo , Nwankwo Theophilus Ogochukwu , Iyoke Chukwuemeka Anthony , Nwigboji Wilson Ndukwe
Published: November 2023

Objective

Caesarean section is associated with higher blood loss than vaginal delivery. This study was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of preoperative versus postoperative rectal and sublingual misoprostol use for prevention of blood loss in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery.

Methods

Eligible patients in Southeast Nigeria were randomly classified into those that received 600 µg of preoperative rectal, postoperative rectal, preoperative sublingual, and postoperative sublingual misoprostol. All patients received 10 units of intravenous oxytocin immediately after delivery. Data were analysed with SPSS Version 23.

Results

Preoperative sublingual misoprostol use caused the highest postoperative packed cell volume, least change in the packed cell volume, and lowest intraoperative blood loss. Preoperative sublingual and rectal misoprostol use was associated with better haematological indices and maternal outcomes than postoperative use by these routes. However, preoperative sublingual and rectal use caused more maternal side effects than postoperative use by these routes.

Conclusion

Preoperative sublingual misoprostol was associated with the most favourable haematological indices. Although preoperative sublingual and rectal misoprostol use caused more maternal side effects, these routes were associated with better haematological indices and maternal outcomes than postoperative sublingual and rectal misoprostol use.
What is the relationship between spontaneous interpersonal synchronization and feeling of connectedness? A study of small groups of students using MIDI percussion instruments
Authors: Kavaliauskaitė Deimantė , Gulrez Tauseef , Mansell Warren
Published: November 2023

Evidence to date suggests there may be a link between interpersonal synchronization and sense of connectedness to others in both music and non-music tasks. However, earlier studies have used a fixed tempo, thereby ruling out the study of spontaneous synchronization that might emerge from a group of agents. This design is essential to test theories that implicate intrinsic systems governing rhythm within individuals as the source of interpersonal synchronization, coordination, and shared positive affect. The current study used an impromptu music-making task to study the relationship between spontaneous synchronization and sense of connectedness. A total of 49 participants were recruited in dyads or triads and were asked to play percussion sounds on MIDI keyboards for a period of 10 min. Every minute they gave a rating of how connected they felt with the other group members. Participants who showed longer periods of spontaneous synchronization during the joint music-making task reported greater average connectedness with the group members during the task, and a greater increase in connectedness over the duration of the task. Within-individual correlations between synchronization and connectedness revealed a tight coupling in around a third of the participants. We discuss the theoretical implication that the collective control of perceptual variables—such as tempo—may achieve and maintain a sense of connectedness to others.
Quasi-Alphabetic Religious Formulas from the Karnak Cachette
Authors: Klotz David
Published: November 2023

Translation and discussion of multiple Late Period statues from the Karnak Cachette, all of which feature similar content and a preponderance of uniliteral (quasi-alphabetic) spellings.

[Formula: see text]
Community Pharmacists’ Current Practice and Educational Needs in Breastfeeding Support in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harahsheh Mea’ad M. , Mukattash Tareq L. , Al-shatnawi Samah , Abu-Farha Rana , Abuhammad Sawsan , D'Arcy Deirdre , Jarab Anan
Published: November 2023

Background:

Improving breastfeeding practices is a worldwide priority. Pharmacists have the opportunity to actively promote breastfeeding and educate parents as well as the general public about its benefits.

Research Aims:

The aims of this study are to investigate Jordanian pharmacists’ present breastfeeding support practices and perceptions regarding their need for education and training in breastfeeding support.

Methods:

To examine sociodemographic characteristics of community pharmacists in Jordan and their current breastfeeding support practices and educational needs, a descriptive cross-sectional online (self-report) survey was conducted. Through social media, pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Jordan were recruited between August 2021 and February 2022. The level of breastfeeding support participants had been provided with was measured using eight items in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 5 ( Always) to 1 ( Never). Each participant self-reported the frequency of advice/information given to breastfeeding women in each of these areas. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with the level of breastfeeding support.

Results:

Participants ( N = 381) reported a high level of breastfeeding support, but expressed a need for training and education for further improvement. The breastfeeding support score of female participants was found to be 0.12 higher than that of males (Beta = 0.12, p = .02), 0.16 higher in married participants compared to non-married participants (Beta = 0.16, p = .03), and 0.10 higher in participants working in rural areas compared to those working in urban areas (Beta = 0.10, p = .04).

Conclusion:

While community pharmacists generally report a high level of breastfeeding support, our findings revealed demographic differences. Attention to specific areas of need might enhance what pharmacists could offer; however, additional research would be required to guide the specific educational content.
Machine learning prediction in distortion behavior of unsymmetric laminates under hygrothermal environment
Authors: Huang Rui , Lei Yongpeng , Hao Tianhui , Dong QinXi , Wang Hui
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with the effects of curing process and hygrothermal environment on the distortion behaviors of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) unsymmetric laminates. To accurately characterize the shape of CF/PA6 unsymmetric laminates in the water absorption process, the 3D model reconstruction with different water content is carried by combining 3D scanner and secondary development in Abaqus. A full-field displacement comparison method is proposed to calculate the equivalent thermal/moisture expansion coefficient, and the effectiveness of numerical simulation is verified. The dataset with 2816 instances is further constructed through finite element method. Through grid search and five-fold cross validation, the ANN model is trained and validated according to R 2 and MSE criterion. The well-trained ANN model builds the mapping relationship between lay-up design parameters, hygrothermal environment and the distortion parameters of unsymmetric laminates.
Does Consumer Credit Precede or Follow Changes in Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults? An Investigation in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) Trial
Authors: Dean Lorraine T. , Chung Shang-En , Gross Alden L. , Clay Olivio J. , Willis Sherry L. , Crowe Michael , McDonough Ian M. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Marsiske Michael , Aysola Jaya , Thorpe Roland J. , Felix Cynthia , Berkowitz Melissa , Coe Norma B.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

We assessed the relationships between pre- and post-morbid consumer credit history (credit scores, debts unpaid, or in collections) and classification of mild (or greater) cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Generalized Estimating Equation models assessed pre-and post-morbid credit history and MCI risk among 1740 participants aged 65+ in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study, linked to TransUnion consumer credit data.

Results

Each 50-point increase in credit score was associated with up to 8% lower odds of MCI in the next 3 years. In contrast, new unpaid collections over doubled the odds of having MCI in the next 3 years. MCI was associated with subsequent credit score declines and a 47%–71% greater risk of having a new unpaid collection in the next 4 years.

Discussion

Credit declines may signal risk for future MCI. MCI may lead to financial challenges that warrant credit monitoring interventions for older adults.