bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Lignite Bottom Ash on Pyroplastic Deformation of Stoneware Ceramic Tiles
Authors: Prasartseree Tarit , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Mongkolkachit Charusporn , Jiraborvornpongsa Noppasint
Published: April 2018

Electricity generation at Mae Moh Power Plant in Lampang, Thailand, uses lignite as fuel. The output is 3.0 to 3.5 million tons of fly ash per year and 1.5 to 2.0 million tons of bottom ash per year. Fly ash is widely used in concrete application but for bottom ash, it is not very useful. When considering the phase of bottom ash containing quartz, anorthite and hematite, it was found that there are suitable chemical compositions for replacement of raw materials in ceramic tile. Generally, the stoneware tiles are composed of quartz, mullite, feldspar, and glass phase. Water absorption of stoneware ceramic tiles is below 5%, high strength, fire resistance, and low warpage. Firing or sintering at rather high temperature as 1000-1250 °C is the manufacturing process for this type of tile. The changes in crystal structure and glassy phase formation in tile texture during sintering will be often result the tile to warpage or bent. The more or less lean depends on the viscosity of the glassy phase that occurs at high temperatures in the tile if less viscosity will cause higher warping rate that effect on the shape, and quality of the workpiece. The research has reported that anorthite phase improves the viscosity of a liquid phase or glassy phase when the tile is sintering at high temperatures and lead to high density and low water absorption. This research is interested in studying the effect of using lignite bottom ash as an ingredient in ceramic tile texture to produce low water absorption type by analyzing the effect of percentage of lignite bottom ash to warpage and important properties of ceramic tiles.
Preparation of Porous Cylindrical Tubes Substrates from Zeolite and Clay for TiO2 Photocatalyst Coating
Authors: Nawaukkaratharnant Nithiwach , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Mongkolkachit Charusporn , Pornphatdetaudom Thanataon
Published: April 2018

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the one of photocatalyst materials that widely used for decolorization of organic compounds in wastewater by photocatalytic mechanism which can be activated by UV light. Unfortunately, in the case of fine TiO2 power, filtration of the powder after water treatment process is difficult. In this research, coating or immobilizing the TiO2 powder on substrates using for removing the color of lignin concentration is interesting. The objectives of this research are to prepare the floating porous cylindrical tube substrates composed of zeolite NaA and ball clay, and then to determine the efficiency of lignin degradation. Zeolite NaA powder, Suratthani ball clay and organic binder solution were mixed before extruding and cutting to be 1.5 cm diameter cylindrical tube with 2.5 cm in length and 0.3 cm in thickness. After that, the dried tubes were fired at 650 - 800 °C for 2 hours and were then coated with TiO2-P25 suspension before re-firing at 600 °C for 1 hour in an electrical furnace. The fired uncoated tubes were characterized in terms of phase composition, porosity and radial crush strength. From the XRD pattern of the tubes fired at 800 °C showed that the zeolite NaA phase was disappeared. On the other hand, the zeolite NaA phase was found in the samples fired at another lower temperature. For the coated tubes, polyurethane foam was filled into the hole to make the tubes can be floated on the water surface. After that, the photocatalyst degradation property by determining the decreasing of concentration of lignin solution under tungsten lamp irradiation of the floated tubes were tested.
The Effect of Decolorizing Agent on the Optical Properties of High Iron Contents Soda-Lime Silicate Glass
Authors: Meechoowas Ekarat , Petchareanmongkol Benjamon , Jampeerung Parida , Tapasa Kanit
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to decolorize the high iron content (more than 0.1 %wt Fe2O3) glass. The contained 0.13 wt% iron oxide (Fe2O3) soda-lime silicate is prepared by high iron content sand with 0.17 wt% of Fe2O3. Iron oxide in soda-lime glass presents in two forms, Fe2+(green) « Fe3+(yellow). In principle, high iron content sand is not suitable to produce tableware. Therefore, the glass manufactures require high purity of sand because they want to control the amount of iron oxide as low as possible, which usually tableware glass contains only small amount of iron oxide (0.01 - 0.04 wt% Fe2O3) to avoid iron effect (green color). The soda-lime silicate glasses is decolorized by three different agents, Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), Manganese oxide (MnO2), and Tin oxide (SnO2) 0.125 0.25 0.50 1.00 and 2.00 %wt respectively. The glasses are melted twice in the platinum crucible and investigated of the optical properties by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the color in CIE L*a*b* system are found that glass containing MnO2and SnO2slightly changes to white shade, but still presents in green. However, the result of contained 1.00 and 2.00 %wt SnO2glasses is nearly cleared, the result of contained Nd2O3glasses are satisfied, and the contained 0.25 %wt Nd2O3glass is showed very clear. Anywise the color of glasses containing 1.00 and 2.00 %wt Nd2O3turned to blue. The reaction of glasses containing Mn and Sn occur according to the mechanism of chemical decolorization. The reactions was described by the following equation, Fe2++ Mn3+g Fe3++ Mn2+and Fe2++ Sn5+f Fe3++ Sn4+, but the reactions are limited and strongly depending on the redox equilibrium. For Nd2O3,the reaction presents according to physical decolorization, because the color of Nd2O3is stable in melted glass and it can dismissed the color of Fe2O3directly. Therefore, this method can apply for the tableware glass production with high iron content sand.
Development of Thai Lignite Fly Ash and Metakaolin for Pervious Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Sutikulsombat Sarochapat , Srichumpong Thapanee , Boonanunwong Phachongkit , Tippayasam Chayanee , Leonelli Cristina , Chindaprasirt Prinya , Chaysuwan Duangrudee
Published: April 2018

The study was to use Thai lignite fly ash and metakaolin to produce geopolymer paste as binder material in pervious concrete. The proper ratio of fly ash to metakaolin were varied as 100:0, 70:30, and 50:50. Alkali solution to pozzolan (L/P) ratios viz., 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 by weight were prepared. The mechanical and characterization of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC) were carried out. The results presented that the particle of fly ash was sphere with smooth surface, while metakaolin was partly agglomerated and irregular shaped. The increase of fly ash in the ratio of fly ash to metakaolin affected the lower requirement of volume of alkali solution. The compressive strength and of pervious geopolymer concrete at 28 days were 3.74-5.41. The void ratio and water permeability were 28.54-30.74% and 1.90-2.09 cm/sec, respectively. Therefore, geopolymer paste from fly ash and metakaolin could be used for pervious concrete with satisfied properties. However, the price of pervious cement concrete is 1,898-2,168 THB/m3, while the price of pervious geopolymer concrete is 2,123-4,173 THB/m3 due to the energy cost to transform kaolin into metakaolin by an electric furnace. The cost can be reduced by increasing the ratio of fly ash to metakaolin.
Development of Geopolymer Mortar from Metakaolin Blended with Agricultural and Industrial Wastes
Authors: Tippayasam Chayanee , Sutikulsombat Sarochapat , Paramee Jamjuree , Leonelli Cristina , Chaysuwan Duangrudee
Published: April 2018

Geopolymer is a greener alternative cement produced from the reaction of pozzolans and strong alkali solutions. Generally, the cement industry is one of largest producers of CO2that caused global warming. For geopolymer mortar usage, Portland cement is not utilized at all. In this research, geopolymer mortars were prepared by mixing metakaolin, various wastes (fly ash, bagasse ash and rice husk ash) varied as 80:20, 50:50 and 20:80, 15M NaOH, Na2SiO3and sand. The influence of various parameters such as metakaolin to ashes ratios and pozzolans to alkali ratios on engineering properties of metakaolin blended wastes geopolymer mortar were studied. Compressive strength tests were carried out on 25 x 25 x 25 mm3cube geopolymer mortar specimens at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 91 air curing days. Physical and chemical properties were also investigated at the same times. The test results revealed that the highest compressive strength was 20% metakaolin - 80% fly ash geopolymer mortar. When the curing times increases, the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar also increases. The mixing of metakaolin and bagasse ash/rice husk ash presented lower compressive strength but higher water absorption and porosity. For FTIR results, Si-O, Al-O and Si-O-Na+were found. Moreover, the geopolymer mortar could easily plastered on the wall.
Effect of Molten Salts on Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Ytterbium and Thulium-Doped Alkaline Yttrium Fluorides
Authors: Pornpatdetaudom Thanataon , Serivalsatit Karn
Published: April 2018

Upconversion luminescence materials have recently received attentions because of theirs light conversion ability from infrared into visible and ultraviolet light. In this work, alkaline yttrium fluoride doped by ytterbium and thulium (AYF4: 20%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+) were synthesized by molten salt method at 400 °C for 2 hours with different eutectic molten salts, i.e. NaNO3-KNO3, NaNO3-LiNO3, KNO3-LiNO3, and NaNO3-KNO3-LiNO3. Pure hexagonal NaYF4 microrods were successfully synthesized using eutectic NaNO3-KNO3 molten salt. Under 980 nm laser diode excitation, upconversion luminescence in both visible and ultraviolet region was clearly observed. On the other hand, for the use of other eutectic molten salts containing LiNO3, the mixed phases of tetragonal LiYF4 and orthorhombic Y6O5F8 were obtained. These powders emitted only visible light with 10 times lower intensity than the hexagonal NaYF4 microrods synthesized using NaNO3-KNO3.
The Development of Dan-Kwian Ceramic Jewelry for Contemporary Aesthetics in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Authors: Duangkhachon Kriangkrai , Kamon In Onlamee
Published: April 2018

This research aims to development of Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry from past to present. In terms of design, the raw materials and decorative techniques used in designed and developed Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry for unique contemporary beauty. As a result, developed from the original by adopting simple shapes of geometry to be used for modern purposes, the emphasis is on creating different sizes in jewelry, which are large, medium and small. And highlight the color of clay body to light, medium and dark. The raw materials used to create Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry prototype is Dan-Kwian clay mixed with kaolin and compound clay. At difference mixing ratio to determine the shade, then design and create masterpieces. Test fired with electric furnace at 800 and 1200°C, emphasize the natural brown and orange color of clay body. Decorated with smoked technique with rice husk in clay pot using charcoal stove owing to create a black color in the finished workpiece. Then, put it to sort the appropriate of each set. After that, design a piece of 5 different styles, in which the set consists of necklaces, bracelets and earrings. The most popular set of Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry from the producer group is the first set inspired by the sphere, which can be prepared easily. Outstanding, the attraction is that the sphere in the center can be rotated. And the dark color in the center contrasted with the light outer circle. Overall, the five set are well received by the producer group. Make a way to see how to produce for sale, by selling it with existing products.
Tumor Tolerance–Promoting Function of Regulatory T Cells Is Optimized by CD28, but Strictly Dependent on Calcineurin
Authors: Marangoni Francesco , Zhang Ruan , Mani Vinidhra , Thelen Martin , Ali Akbar Noor J. , Warner Ross D. , Äijö Tarmo , Zappulli Valentina , Martinez Gustavo J. , Turka Laurence A. , Mempel Thorsten R.
Published: April 2018

Regulatory T cells (Treg) restrain immune responses against malignant tumors, but their global depletion in cancer patients will likely be limited by systemic autoimmune toxicity. Instead, approaches to “tune” their activities may allow for preferential targeting of tumor-reactive Treg. Although Ag recognition regulates Treg function, the roles of individual TCR-dependent signaling pathways in enabling Treg to promote tumor tolerance are not well characterized. In this study, we examined in mouse tumor models the role of calcineurin, a key mediator of TCR signaling, and the role of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in the differentiation of resting central Treg into effector Treg endowed with tumor tropism. We find that calcineurin, although largely dispensable for suppressive activity in vitro, is essential for upregulation of ICOS and CTLA-4 in Treg, as well as for expression of chemokine receptors driving their accumulation in tumors. In contrast, CD28 is not critical, but optimizes the formation of tumor-homing Treg and their fitness in tumor tissue. Accordingly, although deletion of either CnB or CD28 strongly impairs Treg-mediated tumor tolerance, lack of CnB has an even more pronounced impact than lack of CD28. Hence, our studies reveal distinct roles for what has classically been defined as signal 1 and signal 2 of conventional T cell activation in the context of Treg-mediated tumor tolerance.
NKp46 Calibrates Tumoricidal Potential of Type 1 Innate Lymphocytes by Regulating TRAIL Expression
Authors: Turchinovich Gleb , Ganter Stefan , Bärenwaldt Anne , Finke Daniela
Published: April 2018

NK cells are a subset of group 1 innate lymphocytes that recognize and eliminate virus-infected and transformed cells. During the course of their development, NK cells acquire a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors, which ultimately define their reactivity against target cells. The array of receptors and their specificity during early developmental stages will control and imprint functional properties of NK cells, a process known as “NK cell education.” Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse group of lymphocytes, which, like NK cells, do not rely on somatically rearranged Ag receptors for recognition. Among ILC subsets, ILC1s are most like NK cells functionally. Prototypic ILC1s reside in the liver, and a large part of their function is attributed to the expression of TRAIL, a TNF superfamily member with a well-documented antitumor activity. In this article, we show that TRAIL expression on mouse ILC1s is controlled by an activating receptor NKp46, which has been previously shown to control NK cell education. In the absence of NKp46, ILC1s fail to express normal levels of TRAIL on the surface, which results in diminished cytotoxicity toward TRAIL receptor-positive targets. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence of a role of NKp46 in ILC1s that calibrates their antitumor response.
Cutting Edge: Blockade of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Sensitizes Neutrophils to TNF- but Not Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Cell Death and IL-1β Secretion
Authors: Chen Kaiwen W. , Lawlor Kate E. , von Pein Jessica B. , Boucher Dave , Gerlic Motti , Croker Ben A. , Bezbradica Jelena S. , Vince James E. , Schroder Kate
Published: April 2018

The mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of cell death and inflammation. A major function of IAPs is to block the formation of a cell death–inducing complex, termed the ripoptosome, which can trigger caspase-8–dependent apoptosis or caspase-independent necroptosis. Recent studies report that upon TLR4 or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling in macrophages, the ripoptosome can also induce NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β maturation. Whether neutrophils have the capacity to assemble a ripoptosome to induce cell death and inflammasome activation during TLR4 and TNFR1 signaling is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that murine neutrophils can signal via TNFR1-driven ripoptosome assembly to induce both cell death and IL-1β maturation. However, unlike macrophages, neutrophils suppress TLR4-dependent cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during IAP inhibition via deficiencies in the CD14/TRIF arm of TLR4 signaling.
A project management framework for small- and medium-sized entities: Accounting software implementation
Authors: Bishop William A.
Published: April 2018

Small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs) continuously face the challenge of proper implementation of accounting packages. Not managing the package installation and configuration processes properly will result in the accounting software not working properly and not achieving the strategic goals of the SME. The purpose of this study was to examine, by means of an extensive literature review, the potential of PRINCE2 (Projects in Controlled Environments) as a project-management framework for application by SMEs during the implementation of new accounting software. The potential of scaling down PRINCE2 to a version usable to SMEs was investigated. PRINCE2 was found to be a suitable framework for use by SMEs in the implementation of accounting software packages, but only if tailored properly to incorporate the specific needs of the SME and adjusted to specifically address strategic alignment issues. Recommendations by other researchers on the weaknesses and shortcomings of the PRINCE2 framework were also investigated and included in the development of a new model for SMEs. This article contributes to the academic literature by providing it with a standard tailored version of PRINCE2 that can be used by SMEs in the implementation of new accounting software.
Analysing industrial growth in various cities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Coetzee Clive E. , Kleynhans Ewert P.J.
Published: April 2018

This article investigates the industrial success of various cities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It assesses the hypothesis that knowledge spillovers are supportive of industrial growth at the city level. Theories of economic city growth suggest that cities are engines of knowledge spillovers, which are essential to generate growth. This study utilised data on the growth of industries in cities in KwaZulu-Natal between 1996 and 2015. The study initially found that industries develop better in environments characterised by less concentration and more city diversity, which gave evidence of Jacobs’ externalities. However, after controlling for industry-specific and city-specific characteristics, the results changed significantly. No evidence was found for concentration effects (Marshall/Arrow/Romer-externalities) and less diversity supports city-industry growth (evidence against Jacobs’ externalities).
Reading Psalm 23 In African Context
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: April 2018

The book of Psalms is the best known, most discussed and most cited book of the Old Testament. Psalm 23 especially is the most loved book of the Psalms. That must have been the reason why it was named ‘an American icon’ and the ‘nightingale of the Psalms’. Two major ways of reading this Psalm are: as a shepherd to a sheep and as God to a human. The author of this article reads Psalms 23 Africentrically, that is, as God to a human. This means that Psalms 23 is read for the purpose of protection, provision, healing and success in all aspects of life, which are the main concerns of African people. It means reading Psalm 23 existentially with African life interest.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is concerned with biblical studies, African Traditional Religion and culture and African Biblical Hermeneutics. It seeks to challenge the traditional Eurocentric approaches for its methodological approaches that do not make biblical studies adequately relevant to African Christianity. The book of Psalms is used as a perfect example of how it can be interpreted relevantly in Africa. Further implication is that there will be reduction of the Bible and Christianity looking like a foreign book and religion.
Qualidade da água utilizada em quiosques de praia
Authors: Norete Diésse Nascimento , Correia Quezia Botelho , José Jackline Freitas Brilhante São
Published: April 2018

Objetivou avaliar as condições higiênicossanitárias relacionadas ao abastecimento e a qualidade microbiológica da água utilizada por quiosques de praia. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de observação direta com aplicação de lista de verificação que continha itens como procedência da água, realização de tratamento de desinfecção antes do uso em alimentos, frequência de higienização da caixa da água, qualidade microbiológica da água, existência de licença sanitária e registro da última visita da vigilância sanitária. Foram coletadas amostras de água em dez quiosques de praia e para a coleta foram utilizados recipientes esterilizados e identificados. Para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas foi utilizada a técnica de plaqueamento em profundidade em ágar padrão para contagem, sendo os resultados expressos em UFC/mL. Para coliformes foi utilizado o teste do número mais provável (coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C) e o resultado obtido foi expresso em NMP/100 mL. Foi observado por meio da aplicação da lista de verificação que 70% dos quiosques utilizavam apenas água da rede de abastecimento público e um dos estabelecimentos funcionava sem licença sanitária. Das amostras coletadas, 30% apresentaram contagem total de bactérias acima de 500 UFC/mL. Não foi detectada a presença de coliformes e E. coli em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. Apesar dos resultados observados terem sido satisfatórios, deve-se reforçar a necessidade do acompanhamento da qualidade da água como estratégia de prevenção de riscos aos consumidores.
Hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric aerosols containing nitrate salts and water-soluble organic acids
Authors: Jing Bo , Wang Zhen , Tan Fang , Guo Yucong , Tong Shengrui , Wang Weigang , Zhang Yunhong , Ge Maofa
Published: April 2018

Abstract. While nitrate salts have critical impacts on environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols, the effects of coexisting species on hygroscopicity of nitrate salts remain uncertain. The hygroscopic behaviors of nitrate salt aerosols (NH4NO3, NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2) and their internal mixtures with water-soluble organic acids were determined using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). The nitrate salt ∕ organic acid mixed aerosols exhibit varying phase behavior and hygroscopic growth depending upon the type of components in the particles. Whereas pure nitrate salt particles show continuous water uptake with increasing relative humidity (RH), the deliquescence transition is still observed for ammonium nitrate particles internally mixed with organic acids such as oxalic acid and succinic acid with a high deliquescence point. The hygroscopicity of submicron aerosols containing sodium nitrate and an organic acid is also characterized by continuous growth, indicating that sodium nitrate tends to exist in a liquid-like state under dry conditions. It is observed that in contrast to the pure components, the water uptake is hindered at low and moderate RH for calcium nitrate particles containing malonic acid or phthalic acid, suggesting the potential effects of mass transfer limitation in highly viscous mixed systems. Our findings improve fundamental understanding of the phase behavior and water uptake of nitrate-salt-containing aerosols in the atmospheric environment.
An update on global atmospheric ice estimates from satellite observations and reanalyses
Authors: Duncan David Ian , Eriksson Patrick
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This study assesses the global distribution of mean atmospheric ice mass from current state-of-the-art estimates and its variability on daily and seasonal timescales. Ice water path (IWP) retrievals from active and passive satellite platforms are compared and analysed against estimates from two reanalysis datasets, ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5) and MERRA-2 (Modern-era Retrospective Reanalysis for Research and Applications 2). Large discrepancies in IWP exist between the satellite datasets themselves, making validation of the model results problematic and indicating that progress towards consensus on the distribution of atmospheric ice has been limited. Comparing the datasets, zonal means of IWP exhibit similar shapes but differing magnitudes. Diurnal analysis centred on A-Train overpasses shows homologous structures in some regions, but the degree and sign of the variability varies widely; the reanalyses exhibit noisier and higher amplitude diurnal variability than borne out by the satellite estimates. Spatial structures governed by the atmospheric general circulation are fairly consistent across the datasets, as principal component analysis shows that the patterns of seasonal variability line up well between the datasets but disagree in severity. These results underscore the limitations of the current Earth observing system with respect to atmospheric ice, as the level of consensus between observations is mixed. The large-scale variability of IWP is relatively consistent, whereas disagreements on diurnal variability and global means point to varying microphysical assumptions in retrievals and models alike that seem to underlie the biggest differences.
Volatile Organic Compounds and Ozone in Rocky Mountain National
Park during FRAPPÉ
Authors: Benedict Katherine B. , Zhou Yong , Sive Barkley C. , Prenni Anthony J. , Gebhart Kristi A. , Fischer Emily V. , Evanoski-Cole Ashley , Sullivan Amy P. , Callahan Sara , Schichtel Bret A. , Mao Huiting , Zhou Ying , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) aimed to better characterize summertime air quality in the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) and its impact on surrounding areas. As part of this study, measurements of gas and particle phase species were collected in Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO), located in the mountains west of the urban North Front Range corridor. We report on measurements of ozone from two locations in the park and a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured using a continuous real-time gas chromatography system and a quadrupole proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometer at the ROMO Longs Peak air quality site. We also measured VOCs using canister samples collected along transects connecting the NFRMA and ROMO. These datasets show that ROMO is impacted by NFRMA emission sources, and high observed mixing ratios of VOCs associated with oil and gas extraction (e.g. ethane) and urban sources (e.g. ethene and C2Cl4) occur during periods of upslope transport. Hourly ozone mixing ratios exceeded 70 ppb on six events. Two of the six events were largely associated with VOCs from the oil and gas sector, three high ozone events were associated with a mixture of VOCs from urban and oil and gas sources, and one high ozone event was driven by a stratospheric intrusion. For the high ozone events most associated with emissions from oil and gas activities, we estimate that VOCs from this sector contributed to ∼20 ppbv of additional ozone.
Flux balance modeling to predict bacterial survival during pulsed-activity events
Authors: Jose Nicholas A. , Lau Rebecca , Swenson Tami L. , Klitgord Niels , Garcia-Pichel Ferran , Bowen Benjamin P. , Baran Richard , Northen Trent R.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Desert biological soil crusts (BSCs) are cyanobacteria-dominated
surface soil microbial communities common to plant interspaces in arid
environments. The capability to significantly dampen their metabolism allows
them to exist for extended periods in a desiccated dormant state that is
highly robust to environmental stresses. However, within minutes of wetting,
metabolic functions reboot, maximizing activity during infrequent permissive
periods. Microcoleus vaginatus, a primary producer within the crust
ecosystem and an early colonizer, initiates crust formation by binding
particles in the upper layer of soil via exopolysaccharides, making microbial
dominated biological soil crusts highly dependent on the viability of this
organism. Previous studies have suggested that biopolymers play a central
role in the survival of this organism by powering resuscitation, rapidly
forming compatible solutes, and fueling metabolic activity in dark, hydrated
conditions. To elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon and provide a basis
for future modeling of BSCs, we developed a manually curated, genome-scale
metabolic model of Microcoleus vaginatus (iNJ1153). To validate this
model, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) were used to characterize the rate of
biopolymer accumulation and depletion in in hydrated Microcoleus vaginatus under light and dark conditions. Constraint-based flux balance
analysis showed agreement between model predictions and experimental reaction
fluxes. A significant amount of consumed carbon and light energy is invested
into storage molecules glycogen and polyphosphate, while β-polyhydroxybutyrate may function as a secondary resource. Pseudo-steady-state
modeling suggests that glycogen, the primary carbon source with the
fastest depletion rate, will be exhausted if M. vaginatus
experiences dark wetting events 4 times longer than light wetting events.
Modeling canopy-induced turbulence in the Earth system: a unified parameterization of turbulent exchange within plant canopies and the roughness sublayer (CLM-ml v0)
Authors: Bonan Gordon B. , Patton Edward G. , Harman Ian N. , Oleson Keith W. , Finnigan John J. , Lu Yaqiong , Burakowski Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Land surface models used in climate models neglect the roughness sublayer and parameterize within-canopy turbulence in an ad hoc manner. We implemented a roughness sublayer turbulence parameterization in a multilayer canopy model (CLM-ml v0) to test if this theory provides a tractable parameterization extending from the ground through the canopy and the roughness sublayer. We compared the canopy model with the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) at seven forest, two grassland, and three cropland AmeriFlux sites over a range of canopy heights, leaf area indexes, and climates. CLM4.5 has pronounced biases during summer months at forest sites in midday latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, gross primary production, nighttime friction velocity, and the radiative temperature diurnal range. The new canopy model reduces these biases by introducing new physics. Advances in modeling stomatal conductance and canopy physiology beyond what is in CLM4.5 substantially improve model performance at the forest sites. The signature of the roughness sublayer is most evident in nighttime friction velocity and the diurnal cycle of radiative temperature, but is also seen in sensible heat flux. Within-canopy temperature profiles are markedly different compared with profiles obtained using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, and the roughness sublayer produces cooler daytime and warmer nighttime temperatures. The herbaceous sites also show model improvements, but the improvements are related less systematically to the roughness sublayer parameterization in these canopies. The multilayer canopy with the roughness sublayer turbulence improves simulations compared with CLM4.5 while also advancing the theoretical basis for surface flux parameterizations.
Parameter uncertainty analysis for an operational hydrological model using residual based and limits of acceptability approaches
Authors: Tweldebrahn Aynom T. , Burkhart John F. , Schuler Thomas V.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Parameter uncertainty estimation is one of the major challenges in hydrological modelling. Here we present parameter uncertainty analysis of a recently released distributed conceptual hydrological model applied in the Nea catchment, Norway. Two variants of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodologies, one based on the residuals and the other on the limits of acceptability, were employed. Streamflow and remote sensing snow cover data were used in conditioning model parameters and in model validation. When using the GLUE limit of acceptability (GLUE LOA) approach, a streamflow observation error of 25 % was assumed. Neither the original limits, nor relaxing the limits up to a physically meaningful value, yielded a behavioural model capable of predicting streamflow within the limits in 100 % of the observations. As an alternative to relaxing the limits; the requirement for percentage of model predictions falling within the original limits was relaxed. An empirical approach was introduced to define the degree of relaxation. The result shows that snow and water balance related parameters induce relatively higher streamflow uncertainty than catchment response parameters. Comparable results were obtained from behavioural models selected using the two GLUE methodologies.
Regionalising MUSLE factors for application to a data-scarce catchment
Authors: Gwapedza David , Slaughter Andrew , Hughes Denis , Mantel Sukhmani
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The estimation of soil loss and sediment transport is important for
effective management of catchments. A model for semi-arid catchments in
southern Africa has been developed; however, simplification of the model
parameters and further testing are required. Soil loss is calculated through
the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The aims of the current
study were to: (1) regionalise the MUSLE erodibility factors and; (2) perform
a sensitivity analysis and validate the soil loss outputs against
independently-estimated measures. The regionalisation was developed using
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coverages. The model was applied to a
high erosion semi-arid region in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sensitivity
analysis indicated model outputs to be more sensitive to the vegetation
cover factor. The simulated soil loss estimates of
40 t ha−1 yr−1 were within the range of estimates by previous
studies. The outcome of the present research is a framework for parameter
estimation for the MUSLE through regionalisation. This is part of the
ongoing development of a model which can estimate soil loss and sediment
delivery at broad spatial and temporal scales.
Etude de l'impact des barrages sur la réduction des transports sédimentaires jusqu'à la mer par approche paléohydrologique dans la basse vallée de la Medjerda
Authors: Kotti Fatma , Dezileau Laurent , Mahé Gil , Habaieb Hamadi , Bentkaya Malik , Dieulin Claudine , Amrouni Oula
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda to the coastal zone
are poorly measured, and there is no chronicle of observations. In this
context, the sediment monitoring appears indispensable for the quantification
of sediment transport at the outlet. This study focuses on the largest
watershed in Tunisia, the Wadi Medjerda (23 600 km2). The main
objective of this work is to assess the reduction of sediment transport
following anthropogenic intensification on the basin, especially since the
construction of many large dams. In order to collect information on actual
deposits over several years, the paleo-hydrological approach was applied
through the study of sediment cores sampled in the low valley meanders on
alluvial terraces, after the last dam (Sidi Salem, the largest water storage
capacity over the basin), but before the estuary to avoid marine influence
and near a hydrological station (Jdaida). The sedimentary deposits of the
river provide key information on the past sedimentary inputs. A visible
succession of sedimentary layers corresponding to the deposits of successive
floods on the study site has been determined and the history of the
sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda is reconstructed by this approach.
The thickest layers of sedimentary deposits are related to exceptional
events. They are mainly concentrated on the lower part of the core and are
mainly composed of sands. The first 1.2 m of the core from the bottom upward
relates to 10 years of river discharges, as can be determined from the
137Cs datation. The next upward 1.05 m of
core relates to the following 20 years of discharges, up to 1981, date of the
construction of the Sidi Salem dam, and is composed of a mix of sand, silts
and clays. The last 75 cm of core near the surface is only composed of clays
with thin silt bands, and relates to a period of 32 years. We thus observe
that there is no more sand deposits in the river bed since the construction
of the Sidi Salem dam. The deficit of sediment supply to the sea is viewed as
a major factor to be taken into account for better understanding of the
dynamics of coastal areas in the context of global climate change.
Understanding Parents' Expectations and Concerns for a Dual-Language Program Through the Lens of Community Cultural Wealth
Authors: Ee Jongyeon
Published: April 2018

This qualitative study investigates parents of students in a Korean-English dual-language immersion (KDLI) program located in urban Southern California, where the majority of residents are from working-class and low-income immigrant background. The study looks at two topics through the lens of community cultural wealth: why parents of students in the KDLI program value this program; and what concerns they might have for the program. Classroom and school observations, as well as semistructured interviews, were used to explore these research questions. Six Korean parents and six non-Korean parents participated in the interviews. Additionally, interviews with school personnel, including teachers in the program and the school principal, were conducted to triangulate with parents' thoughts and experiences. Findings show that the parents in this study recognized different types of community cultural wealth and expected multiple advantages from the program, such as bilingual and bicultural competency, economic benefits, academic advantages, and the development of a strong sense of identity. The parents and school personnel also commented on challenges and tensions in the program and questioned its efficacy in terms of language development. Based on the findings, I discuss implications for dual-language programs, especially those in urban areas.
Tiempo de cruzadas
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 565-568
Gramsci y la sociología del conocimiento: un análisis de la concepción del mundo de las clases subalternas
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 651-665
El sino de la modernidad: la búsqueda interminable de certezas
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 667-698
Diez conceptos básicos en torno a los medios de comunicación
Authors: Ayala Ramírez Carlos
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 84, 2001: 819-846
Los escritos políticos de Immanuel Kant
Authors: López Barrientos Mario Estuardo
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 84, 2001: 847-874
Caducifolia: las hojas que se lleva el viento (II parte)
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Rafael
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 84, 2001: 875-893
Giddens, Anthony. Un mundo desbocado. Los efectos de la globalización en nuestras vidas ; Londoño, Juan Luis; Gaviria, Alejandro; Guerrero, Rodrigo. Asalto al desarrollo. Violencia en América Latina
Authors: Martel Roxana , Marroquín Amparo
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 84, 2001: 899-902
Nuevo índice IpEA_loc para la monitorización de las políticas locales de envejecimiento activo en la UE
Authors: Ares Castro-Conde Cristina , Gutiérrez de Rubalcava Arturo de Nieves
Published: April 2018

La población de la Unión Europea (UE) envejece, debido al aumento en la esperanza de vida en el último siglo y a la caída de las tasas de fertilidad desde la década de 1970. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un nuevo índice (IpEA_loc) para monitorizar las políticas locales de envejecimiento activo en la UE. Este índice está construido a partir del Índice Europeo de Envejecimiento Activo (EAI), desarrollado para medir el potencial de las personas mayores, y una encuesta sobre políticas locales de envejecimiento activo en la eurorregión GaliciaNorte de Portugal, ejecutadas entre 2000 y 2012, perteneciente al proyecto europeo «Envejecimiento + Activo», financiado con fondos FEDER (POCTEP 2007-2013). El índice IpEA_loc permite construir una variable independiente de nivel local que podrá relacionarse con los resultados del EAI en futuros análisis multinivel.
PYR/PYL/RCAR Abscisic Acid Receptors Regulate Root Cell hydraulic Conductivity through Activating Aquaporin expression
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Ningning , Yan Jiakun
Published: April 2018

With a varied physical environment, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. As one of many pathways conserved in a long time evolution, the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway has been identified as a central regulator to control gene expression and generate physiological adaptation to various stressful conditions in plant. As abscisic acid receptors, PYR/PYL/RCARs have been proved to regulate stomatal closure. Here we detected the root cell hydraulic conductivity and the aquaporin expression under treatment of exogenous ABA in wild-type and pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 mutant Arabidopsis using cell pressure probe and qRT-PCR technology. The results showed that PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors regulate root cell hydraulic conductivity through activating aquaporin expression. Lastly, we discussed how plants maintain water balance combined with the data obtained from published articles.
Zmiana przepisów wyznaniowych Konstytucji RP z 1997 r.
Authors: Borecki Paweł
Published: April 2018

Possible change of religious regulations of the Constitution should take place in cooperation with churches and world-wide organizations. The legislator limits Poland’s international obligations to protect freedom and human rights in religious matters. The Concordat of 1997 is also a limitation. At present there is an unfavorable political situation for liberal changes. The most important changes should be to increase the protection of non-believers and philosophical organizations. The neutrality of public authorities in religious matters must also be better guaranteed. The beginning of the constitutional debate on religious issues, however, risks the change for the worse. This debate does not start.
Bezpieczeństwo oraz aspekty prawne przetwarzania danych w chmurze obliczeniowej
Authors: Grzegorek Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

Many issues need to be considered and tackled before moving data into the cloud. Adoption of cloud computing raises concerns and questions in particular with respect to security, control and privacy in cloud computing environment. Users should be aware where their data will be stored and what law governs. In a case where personal data are to be processed it is important for the contracting parties to ensure that requirements and obligations placed on them pursuant to the EU data protection laws will be fulfilled. This article also includes an overview of typical terms and conditions of cloud computing contracts, stressing that most of contractual arrangements in current practice fall short of achieving a fair balance of rights and obligations arising under the contract between cloud providers and users. The aim of this study is to indicate regulations and guidelines which are applicable to cloud computing contracts as well as initiatives undertaken at the EU level and their role in building legal certainty and trust to cloud computing technology.
Status prawny spółki cywilnej jako beneficjenta pomocy dla rolników (zagadnienia wybrane)
Authors: Hasińska Izabela
Published: April 2018

The paper discusses the issues relating to classifying a private partnership as a separate entity – an agricultural producer. Such a classification affects the existing arrangements both in civil-law theory and practice. It goes beyond the traditional division of legal entities into natural and legal persons and confers upon a private partnership the features of an individualized and specific organizational unit. It also excludes a partner (or partners) of a private partnership from the group of entities eligible to apply for and to be granted an agricultural subsidy, which consequently results in questing statutory rules of cooperation within a private partnership. The paper aims at assessing the laid down criteria and indicating solutions relating to various opinions on legal nature of a private partnership. Additionally, the article points out the regulations which decide about the active capacity of a given entity.
The Author concludes that a private partnership is nothing other than a form of cooperation among entrepreneurs-partners. If there is no entity but only the obligation to cooperate, it makes it difficult to give such an obligation a status of an agricultural producer. The legal construct of this relationship includes a clear regulation specifying who and how acquires the rights – the entitled partners and for the benefit of partners. Granting legal personality to a private partnership is against the intention of the legislator.
Z prawnej problematyki ochrony przychodów rolniczych
Authors: Lipińska Izabela
Published: April 2018

The article refers to the issues of various instruments of agricultural income support. They apply in the situation of risk occurrence in agricultural production and are regulated by both EU and Polish legislation. The article particularly concerns the proposal made by domestic legislator which aims to establish several income support funds. They would be a source of farmers’ remedies and support when the crises’ situation appears. The author states that the formulated income stabilization tool is the complementary one to the proposed EUs’ solutions and may contribute to the economic situation of some farmers in the future.
From Criminalistics to CSI: Warsaw. Practical methods of teaching criminalistics at the Department of Criminalistics, University of Warsaw
Authors: Waszkiewicz Paweł
Published: April 2018

Forensics and criminalistics at the end of 20th century won a lot of public attention thanks to popular TV series, such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. It has fueled new programs in forensics worldwide. Paper presents practical approach to teaching criminalistics at the Department of Criminalistics, University of Warsaw. Brief description of differences in defining forensics and criminalistics are followed by presenting the development of hands on criminalistics class called CSI: Warsaw. Benefits and downsides of implementing such approach are discussed.
Roszczenie o zapłatę wielokrotności stosownego
wynagrodzenia w prawie autorskim – głos w obronie status quo na dzień
przed wyrokiem Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Authors: Sokołowska Dorota
Published: April 2018

The article contains the response to the criticism of the solution regulated under article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b of the Copyright and Related Rights Act made before the Constitutional Tribunal rendered its judgment of 23 June 2015 repealing he above-mentioned legal provision. The genesis of article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b leads to the conclusion that it constituted an autonomous institution of the Polish copyright law. In particular, the claim for payment of a triple amount of the respective remuneration, where the copyright infringement is culpable, was not of a penal nature, neither was it contradictory to the Polish model of liability for damages, moreover at the same time, it was in accordance with the provisions of the Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights.