bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can an Unobserved Concentration of Magnetic Flux Above the Poles of the Sun Resolve the Open Flux Problem?
Authors: Riley Pete , Linker Jon A. , Mikic Zoran , Caplan Ronald M. , Downs Cooper , Thumm Jean-Luc
Published: October 2019

Global models of the extended solar corona, driven by observed photospheric magnetic fields, generally cannot reproduce the amplitude of the measured interplanetary magnetic field at 1 au (or elsewhere in the heliosphere), often underestimating it by a factor of two or more. Some modelers have attempted to resolve this “open flux” problem by adjusting what they believe to be errors in the estimates of the photospheric field values. Others have simply multiplied interplanetary estimates by some correction factor to match 1 au values. Here, we investigate whether this “missing” flux can be explained by a source of largely unobserved, concentrated bundles of flux in the photosphere at latitudes too high to be adequately resolved by ground-based observatories or Earth-based spacecraft. Using potential field source-surface and magnetohydrodynamic models, we demonstrate that this additional polar flux can (at least partially) resolve the open flux problem, without generating any new observational discrepancies. For example, we show that model solutions without this additional flux systematically produce streams lying at higher hello-latitudes than is inferred from observations. More importantly, adding this polar flux to the models does not substantially change the location or size of computed coronal holes. The upcoming joint ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission may be able to support or refute this idea.
When Does the Onset of Multiple Stellar Populations in Star Clusters Occur. II. No Evidence of Multiple Stellar Populations in Lindsay 113
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Wang Yue , Milone Antonino P.
Published: October 2019

The presence of multiple populations (MPs) in almost all globular clusters (GCs) older than ∼10 Gyr has drawn lots of attention. Recently, cumulative evidence has indicated that extragalactic GCs that are older than 2 Gyr seem to also harbor MPs; however, those that are younger than 2 Gyr do not. These observations seem to imply that age is a primary property that controls the presence of MPs in star clusters. However, because of the lack of studies of intermediate-age (∼2–6 Gyr old), low-mass clusters, it is unclear if the cluster mass, in addition to age, also plays a role in the occurrence of MPs. In this work, we studied a ∼4 Gyr old, low-mass (∼23,000 M
⊙) cluster, Lindsay-113, in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Using Hubble Space Telescope photometry, we found that the width of the red-giant branch in this cluster, when measured in a specific color index that is sensitive to star-to-star chemical variations, can be adequately explained by a “simple” stellar population model with some possible noises contributed from measurement uncertainty, photometric artifact, and differential reddening. The comparison of observations with predictions from synthetic spectra indicates that the internal chemical spread in nitrogen abundance, which is a signature of MPs, would not exceed 0.2 dex. Since Lindsay 113 is significantly older than other GCs with MPs, we suggest that the onset of MPs is likely determined by the combination of cluster age and mass.
Neutrino-driven Instability of Ion Acoustic Waves in an Ultrarelativistic Degenerate Plasma
Authors: Ghai Yashika , Saini N. S. , Eliasson B.
Published: October 2019

The coupling between ion acoustic waves (IAWs) and a neutrino beam undergoing flavor oscillations in a dense, relativistically degenerate plasma is analyzed. The neutrino-driven streaming instability of the IAWs is investigated with relevance to plasma conditions at the last stage of stellar evolution in a massive supernova progenitor. The influence of neutrino beam parameters such as the energy of the incident neutrino beam and eigenfrequency of the neutrino flavor oscillations on the instability growth rate is obtained numerically. It is observed that the neutrino flavor oscillations significantly affect the neutrino-driven instability of the IAWs. Our results also indicate that the time period for the onset of the streaming neutrino-driven instability is shorter than the typical time period of a core-collapse supernova explosion. The findings of this investigation may shed new light on the understanding of the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the core-collapse supernova.
Revisiting the Spectral and Timing Properties of NGC 4151
Authors: Zoghbi A. , Miller J. M. , Cackett E.
Published: October 2019

NGC 4151 is the brightest Seyfert 1 nucleus in X-rays. It was the first object to show short time delays in the Fe K band, which were attributed to relativistic reverberation, providing a new tool for probing regions at the black hole scale. Here we report the results of a large XMM-Newton campaign in 2015 to study these short delays further. Analyzing high-quality data that span timescales between hours and decades, we find that neutral and ionized absorption contributes significantly to the spectral shape. Accounting for their effects, we find no evidence for a relativistic reflection component, contrary to early work. Energy-dependent lags are significantly measured in the new data, but with an energy profile that does not resemble a broad iron line, in contrast to the old data. The complex lag-energy spectra, along with the lack of strong evidence for a relativistic spectral component, suggest that the energy-dependent lags are produced by absorption effects. The long-term spectral variations provide new details on the variability of the narrow Fe Kα line. We find that its variations are correlated with, and delayed with respect to, the primary X-ray continuum. We measure a delay of

days, implying an origin in the inner broad-line region (BLR). The delay is half the Hβ line delay, suggesting a geometry that differs slightly from the optical BLR.
Precursors in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Possible Probe of Progenitors
Authors: Zhong Shu-Qing , Dai Zi-Gao , Cheng Ji-Gui , Lan Lin , Zhang Hai-Ming
Published: October 2019

We extract 18 candidate short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) with precursors from 660 SGRBs observed by the Fermi and Swift satellites, and carry out a comprehensive analysis of their temporal and spectral features. We obtain the following results: (1) for a large fraction of candidates, the main burst durations are longer than their precursor durations, comparable to their quiescent times from the end of precursors to the beginning of their main bursts. (2) The average flux of precursors tends to increase as their main bursts brighten. (3) As seen from the distributions of hardness ratio and spectral fitting, the precursors are slightly spectrally softer with respect to the main bursts. Moreover, a significant portion of precursors and all main bursts favor a non-thermal spectrum. (4) The precursors might be a probe of the progenitor properties of SGRBs such as the magnetic field strength and the crustal equation of state if they arise from some processes before mergers of binary compact objects rather than post-merger processes.
Testing the Tremaine–Weinberg Method Applied to Integral-field Spectroscopic Data Using a Simulated Barred Galaxy
Authors: Zou Yanfei , Shen Juntai , Bureau Martin , Li Zhao-Yu
Published: October 2019

Tremaine and Weinberg (TW) proposed a conceptually simple procedure relying on long-slit spectroscopy to measure the pattern speeds of bars (Ωp) in disk galaxies. Using a simulated galaxy, we investigate the potential biases and uncertainties of TW measurements using increasingly popular integral-field spectrographs (IFSs), for which multiple pseudo-slits (and thus independent measurements) can be constructed with a single observation. Most importantly, to establish the spatial coverage required and ensure the validity of the measurements, the inferred Ωp must asymptotically converge as the (half-)length of each pseudo-slit used is increased. The requirement for our simulation is to reach ≈1.3 times the half-light radius, but this may vary from galaxy to galaxy. Only those slits located within the bar region yield accurate measurements. We confirm that the position angle of the disk is the dominant source of systematic error in TW Ωp measurements, leading to under/overestimates of tens of percent for inaccuracies of even a few degrees. Recasting the data so that the data grid aligns with the disk major axis leads to slightly reduced uncertainties. Accurate measurements are obtained only for well-defined ranges of the bar angle (relative to the galaxy major axis) ϕ
bar and the inclination angle i, here 10° ≲ ϕ
bar ≲ 75° and 105° ≲ ϕ
bar ≲ 170° and 15° ≲ i ≲ 70°. The adopted (pseudo-)slit widths, spatial resolution, and (unless extremely aggressive) spatial binning of IFS data have no significant impact on the measurements. Our results thus provide useful guidelines for reliable and accurate direct Ωp measurements with IFS observations.
Choosing a Maximum Drift Rate in a SETI Search: Astrophysical Considerations
Authors: Sheikh Sofia Z. , Wright Jason T. , Siemion Andrew , Enriquez J. Emilio
Published: October 2019

A radio transmitter that is accelerating with a non-zero radial component with respect to a receiver will produce a signal that appears to change its frequency over time. This effect, commonly produced in astrophysical situations where orbital and rotational motions are ubiquitous, is called a drift rate. In radio SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) research, it is unknown a priori which frequency a signal is being sent at, or even if there will be any drift rate at all besides motions within the solar system. Therefore drift rates across the potential range need to be individually searched and a maximum drift rate needs to be chosen. The middle of this range is zero, indicating no acceleration, but the absolute value for the limits remains unconstrained. A balance must be struck between computational time and the possibility of excluding a signal from an ETI. In this work, we examine physical considerations that constrain a maximum drift rate and highlight the importance of this problem in any narrowband SETI search. We determine that a normalized drift rate of 200 nHz (e.g., 200 Hz s−1 at 1 GHz) is a generous, physically motivated guideline for the maximum drift rate that should be applied to future narrowband SETI projects if computational capabilities permit.
Substellar Companions of the Young Weak-line TTauri Star DoAr21
Authors: Curiel Salvador , Ortiz-León Gisela N. , Mioduszewski Amy J. , Torres Rosa M.
Published: October 2019

The compact, nonthermal emission in DoAr21 has been studied with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) to investigate the possibility that the residuals of the astrometry fitting are due to the reflex motion induced by a possible companion. We find that the fitting of VLBA astrometric observations of DoAr21 improves significantly by adding the orbital motions of three companions. We obtain an improved distance to the source of 134.6 ± 1.0 pc, and estimate that the central star, DoAr21, has a mass of about 2.04 ± 0.70 M
⊙. We suggest that DoAr21 represents a unique case where two substellar companions, DoAr21b and DoAr21c (m

b
 ∼ 35.6 ± 27.2 M
jup and m

c
 ∼ 44.0 ± 13.6 M
jup, respectively), have been found to be associated with a relatively low-mass, pre-main sequence star. In addition, we find that this WTTau star is an astrometric double system, having a low-mass star companion, DoAr21B (m

B
 ∼ 0.35 ± 0.12 M
⊙), in a relatively eccentric orbit. The orbit of this low-mass stellar companion is compact, while the brown dwarfs are located in external orbits. DoAr21c has the strongest astrometric signature in the periodogram, while DoAr21B has a weak but significant signature. On the other hand, the astrometric signature of DoAr21b does not appear in the periodogram, however, this brown dwarf was directly detected in some of the VLBA observations. The estimated orbital periods of DoAr21B, DoAr21b, and DoAr21c are P

B
 ∼ 92.92 ± 0.02, P

b
 ∼ 450.9 ± 3.8, and P

c
 ∼ 1013.5 ± 25.3 days, respectively. Since the estimated age of this young star is about 0.4–0.8 Myr, the detected brown dwarf companion is among the youngest companions observed to date.
Petrocodon rubiginosus, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Rui-Li , Li Shu , Maciejewski Stephen , Wei Yi-Gang
Published: October 2019

Petrocodon rubiginosus, a new species from Guangxi of South China is described and illustrated with photographs. The new species is morphologically similar to Pet. hechiensis, but can be easily distinguished by a combination of characters, especially in its petioles, peduncles and pedicels covered with densely ferruginous pilose hairs.
The role of traditional leadership in disaster management and disaster risk governance: A case of Ugu District Municipality by-laws
Authors: Zamisa Nonhlanhla A. , Mutereko Sybert
Published: October 2019

Section 151(2) of the Constitution empowers municipalities in South Africa to pass disaster management-related by-laws. Such by-laws should be specific on the role of traditional leaders, owing to their authority and proximity to the people coupled with their constitutional mandate to preserve customs and traditions. However, their role is often not maximised because of vague and inadequate policies. There has been little or no scholarly attention to the role of traditional leadership and the policy and legal framework that guide their participation in disaster risk management. Employing a comprehensive content analysis of Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law, this article assesses the adequacy of these by-laws on disaster risk governance in the context of collaboration disaster risk reduction. While the Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law provides for the participation of traditional leadership, this study reveals that it is fraught with ambiguities and seemingly vague clauses. For instance, although in Article 5.1.1 the word ‘authorities’ is used, it is not clear whether this refers to traditional leadership or other entities at the local level. In addition, the composition of the Disaster Management Advisory Forum in Ugu does not explicitly include AmaKhosi. While these results add to the rapidly expanding field of disaster risk management, they also suggest several courses of action for policymakers at local government. Such actions might include, but not limited to, a review of the by-laws to address the lack of collaborative essence relative to traditional leaders for optimal disaster risk reduction initiatives targeting traditional communities.
Effects of adults’ health behaviors and combinations thereof on health outcomes: an analysis using National Health Insurance Service of Korea cohort data
Authors: Park Hyun-Jung , Kim Eun-Jung
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of health-risk behaviors, alone and in combination, on health outcomes.METHODS: This study used sample cohort data provided by the National Health Insurance Service focusing on the use of hospital services, direct medical expenses, length of stay, and re-entry rate according to health-risk behaviors. A frequency analysis and the chi-square test were used to investigate associations between the demographic characteristics of study subjects and their health-risk behaviors. The strength of the association of each factor was calculated as the odds ratio in a crossover analysis.RESULTS: Obesity had the largest effect, especially in combination with smoking and drinking. In particular, significant associations were shown with the duration of hospitalization and direct medical expenses. After adjustment for sex, age, economic status, and pre-existing medical conditions, the duration of hospitalization was 7.37 times longer and that of medical expenses was 5.18 times higher in the obese group relative to the non-obese group. Drinking showed a statistically significant association with the number of days of hospitalization. After adjusting for the control variables, the number of hospital days was 1.24 longer in the drinking group than in the non-drinking group.CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of combinations of health risk factors showed obesity had the largest effect.
Case Report: Case Series of Human Plasmodium knowlesi Infection on the Southern Border of Thailand
Authors: Ngernna Sutharinee , Rachaphaew Nattawan , Thammapalo Suwich , Prikchoo Pathomporn , Kaewnah Opart , Manopwisedjaroen Khajohnpong , Phumchuea Kanit , Suansomjit Chayanut , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Cui Liwang , Nguitragool Wang
Published: October 2019

Although human infections of Plasmodium knowlesi have been found throughout Southeast Asia, most cases originated from Malaysian Borneo. In Thailand, P. knowlesi malaria was considered extremely rare. However, during October 2017–September 2018, there was a surge in the number of reported P. knowlesi cases. Here, a series of six cases of P. knowlesi malaria found during this period in Songkhla and Narathiwat provinces of southern Thailand are presented. All cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The unprecedented case number in the affected area is a warning sign of an increasing P. knowlesi burden in the south of Thailand.
Clock Gene Timeless in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Stroppa María M. , García Beatriz A.
Published: October 2019

To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of the circadian biological rhythms in Chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM) in Rhodnius prolixus and analyzed the expression of the timeless (tim) gene at the mRNA level in Triatoma infestans. The tim gene expression in nervous tissue of adult T. infestans revealed clear oscillations in the abundance of the transcript in both sexes in the group maintained under photoperiod with a daily canonical rhythm, showing a significant increase in expression at sunset. As expected, in the group maintained in constant light, no daily increase was detected in the tim transcript level.
Case Report: Two Cases of Recurring Ovale Malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, after Successful Treatment of Imported Plasmodium falciparum Infection
Authors: Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Ooi Choo Huck , Snounou Georges , Lau Yee Ling
Published: October 2019

Here are two cases of recurring ovale malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, that are likely relapses that occurred 1–2 months after successful treatment of the initial imported falciparum malaria with artemisinin-based combined therapy. The patients have no history or recollection of previous malaria episodes. These cases add to the limited evidence on the relapsing nature of Plasmodium ovale, after a febrile episode. In regions where P. ovale is not known to be autochthonous, active follow-up of treated imported malaria patients is highly recommended following their return, particularly to areas nearing or having achieved elimination.
Isolation of Mayaro Virus from a Venezuelan Patient with Febrile Illness, Arthralgias, and Rash: Further Evidence of Regional Strain Circulation and Possible Long-Term Endemicity
Authors: Blohm Gabriela M. , Márquez-Colmenarez Marilianna C. , Lednicky John A. , Bonny Tania S. , Mavian Carla , Salemi Marco , Delgado-Noguera Lourdes , Morris John Glenn , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto E.
Published: October 2019

Fifty-two febrile patients living in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, were screened for arbovirus infection by virus culture during an outbreak of what was thought to be Zika virus infection. We report identification of Mayaro virus (MAYV) on culture of plasma from one patient, an 18-year-old woman with acute febrile illness, arthralgias, and psoriasiform rash. The strain was sequenced and was found to be most closely related to a 1999 strain from French Guiana, which, in turn, was related to two 2014 strains from Haiti. By contrast, previously reported outbreak-related MAYV strains from a sylvatic area approximately 80 miles from where the case patient lived were most closely related to Peruvian isolates. The two strain groups show evidence of having diverged genetically approximately 100 years ago.
Public school teachers’ experiences of profound learning
Authors: Carr-Chellman Davin Jules , Kroth Michael
Published: October 2019

Teachers play a fundamental role in the democratic process by forming an educated populace. Of our many different expectations of teachers, teacher-as-lifelong-learner is among the most neglected. Our basic research questions are: what are teachers’ perceptions of profound learners and profound learning experiences. Through an in-depth focus group with public school teachers, the purpose of this study was to build our understanding of teachers-as-learners by exploring these two questions. Based on this research, the qualities of a profound learning experience include: growing, emotive, disruptive, real, irreversible, either positive or negative, social, opening, and surprising. Profound learners, according to themes which emerged: have depth of thought, are emotionally wise, take life seriously, are adventurous in thought and deed, are unbounded, and are humble. Through a constructivist lens, these qualities direct us to the following findings: profound learning is non-dualistic and holistic, is a cumulative process, and is integral to the complex role of structural identity.
Lifelong Learning Redefined: From Sustainability to Generational Learning
Authors: Bajner Maria
Published: October 2019

The following paper is intended to give a brief account of the trends in lifelong learning as they appear in the official documents of UNESCO and OECD. It identifies the driving forces behind humanistic and utilitarian considerations in the opposing approaches of UNESCO and OECD, while it also addresses the role of political influencers in confusing the issues. The author uses document analysis of studies and findings of international surveys to shed light on the ambivalent stances in educational documents towards the importance of lifelong learning. The author will argue that a shift in rhetoric from lifelong learning to generational learning is needed in order to eliminate “doublespeak” and meet the needs of today's generations brought up often with utilitarian values and high economic expectations.
Rede Cegonha e equipe multiprofissional no pré-natal e puerpério de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Belém, Pará
Authors: Cei Natalia Velia Silva , Sales Ana Paula Moreira , Pereira Marina Rodrigues Lopes , Carvalho Elaine Campos de , Mascarenhas Lilian Rose de Souza , Silva Tatiane Bahia do Vale
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de profissionais do pré-natal e fisioterapeutas vinculados às Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Belém sobre Rede Cegonha e Fisioterapia no ciclo gravídico-puerperal; identificar atividades com gestantes nestes locais; e definir o perfil destes profissionais. Método: é um estudo misto, observacional, descritivo, transversal, exploratório por análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 69 profissionais, gravadas após autorização destes, em oito UBS em Belém-PA. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista, cujas perguntas abordaram o perfil demográfico e profissional; e o tema principal da pesquisa. Utilizando-se a análise temático-categorial de Bardin (1979), para dados qualitativos; e os testes Qui-quadrado e G (aderência) (p ≤ 0.05) e o software BioEstat 5.0 para dados quantitativos. Resultados: Entre os entrevistados, apenas 22,2% possuem especialização em Saúde Coletiva e 36,1% em Saúde Materno-infantil; evidenciou-se que a Rede Cegonha e a Fisioterapia no ciclo gravídico puerperal são pouco conhecidas entre os profissionais entrevistados, apesar de afirmarem conhecer a importância. Quanto aos grupos com gestantes, constatou-se que são multiprofissionais quando existentes. Conclusão: observou-se desconhecimento sobre Rede Cegonha pela maioria dos participantes, bem como somente uma pequena parcela demonstrou ter conhecimento acerca das possibilidades da Fisioterapia no ciclo gravídico-puerperal; há atuação constante da equipe multiprofissional com gestantes nas unidades; a maioria dos entrevistados eram mulheres, com idade média de 43,3 (± 9,4) anos e com mais de dez anos de atuação na Atenção Básica.
“A Chance to Try”: Exploring the Clinical Utility of Shared-Control Teleoperation for Powered Wheelchair Assessment and Training
Authors: Smith Emma M. , Rismani Shalaleh , Ben Mortenson W. , Mihailidis Alex , Miller William C.
Published: October 2019

Importance: Powered wheelchairs provide independence for people with mobility impairments; however, current training practices may not meet the needs of those with cognitive impairments. Shared-control teleoperation may have utility in a clinical setting when developing training suited to this population.

Objective: To explore the clinical utility of a shared-control teleoperation device for powered wheelchair assessment and training.

Design: In this qualitative study, we used two sequential semistructured interviews conducted a minimum of 2 wk apart. Thematic analyses were used with member checking, reflexive journaling, and triangulation of researchers to establish trustworthiness of the data.

Setting: Rehabilitation center and residential care and community settings.

Participants: Using purposive sampling, we recruited occupational therapists and physical therapists who were mostly female and who had a range of practice experience.

Results: Fifteen participants were interviewed, and two primary themes were identified: (1) “A big enabler” described how shared control provides opportunities to train people who may otherwise be denied powered mobility, and (2) “changing the learner experience” described how shared control may promote success in skill development through an alternative learning experience.

Conclusions and Relevance: Shared-control technology may have the potential to broaden the scope of therapeutic intervention by reducing risk to the driver and others in the environment and by facilitating alternative training approaches.

What This Article Adds: Technological advances that allow more control over a powered wheelchair by a clinician, known as shared control, may provide learning opportunities for people who are otherwise denied access to powered mobility. Shared control may also allow the use of new instructional techniques, increase safety in the training process, and reduce anxiety associated with learning.
Associations Between Meaning of Everyday Activities and Participation Among Children
Authors: Rosenberg Limor , Pade Margalit , Reizis Hila , Bar Michal Avrech
Published: October 2019

Importance: The subjective meaning that people attach to their occupations may explain the association among participation, health, and well-being. To date, the subjective meaning of occupation among children has mostly been studied through qualitative studies. No study has yet quantitatively assessed the perceived meaning of everyday activities among children. Moreover, no study has assessed the associations between perceived meaning and actual participation.

Objective: To explore the perceived meaning—value, challenge, felt time, and autonomy—that typically developing children attribute to their everyday activities and to assess the correlations between children’s perceived meaning and their participation as assessed by parents.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Community.

Participants: A convenience sample of 60 Israeli children (ages 6–12 yr) and their parents.

Outcomes and Measures: Parents completed the Children Participation Questionnaire–School, and children completed the Perceived Meaning of Occupation Questionnaire (PMOQ).

Results: Children valued their activities, they perceived the challenge as low, they felt that the time was almost equally distributed between time passing quickly and passing slowly, and they felt autonomous. The subjective perceived meanings were moderately correlated with the children’s actual participation.

Conclusions and Relevance: Children are capable of reflecting on the meaning of their everyday activities. The PMOQ may assist occupational therapy practitioners in eliciting their young clients’ perspectives regarding their everyday occupations. The results contribute to the occupational science literature in the context of child development.

What This Article Adds: The PMOQ enables children to reflect on their subjective perceived meanings of occupations. The subjective perceived meanings of occupations are moderately correlated with the children’s actual participation. The PMOQ may broaden the potential pathways to facilitating children’s meaningful participation in everyday occupations.
Association of Sleep and Hand Function in People With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Goorman Angela Messer , Dawson Spencer , Schneck Colleen , Pierce Doris
Published: October 2019

This study examined whether sleep quality is associated with hand function above and beyond what can be explained by the effect of pain and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) severity on hand function in clients with CTS. The sample included 53 adults ages 30–86 yr. The Manual Ability Measure–20, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, visual analog scale for pain, and electromyography for CTS diagnosis and severity level were used to measure outcomes. Sleep quality was significantly associated with manual ability after controlling for CTS severity and pain. In CTS care, attention to sleep is significant because it may promote hand function.
Estimating ground-level CO concentrations across China based on the national monitoring network and MOPITT: potentially overlooked CO hotspots in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Dongren , Di Baofeng , Luo Yuzhou , Deng Xunfei , Zhang Hanyue , Yang Fumo , Grieneisen Michael L. , Zhan Yu
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Given its relatively long lifetime in the troposphere, carbon
monoxide (CO) is commonly employed as a tracer for characterizing airborne
pollutant distributions. The present study aims to estimate the
spatiotemporal distributions of ground-level CO concentrations across China
during 2013–2016. We refined the random-forest–spatiotemporal kriging
(RF–STK) model to simulate the daily CO concentrations on a 0.1∘
grid based on the extensive CO monitoring data and the Measurements of
Pollution in the Troposphere CO retrievals (MOPITT CO). The RF–STK model
alleviated the negative effects of sampling bias and variance heterogeneity
on the model training, with cross-validation R2 of 0.51 and 0.71 for
predicting the daily and multiyear average CO concentrations, respectively.
The national population-weighted average CO concentrations were predicted to
be 0.99±0.30 mg m−3 (μ±σ) and showed
decreasing trends over all regions of China at a rate of -0.021±0.004 mg m−3 yr−1. The CO pollution was more severe in North China
(1.19±0.30 mg m−3), and the predicted patterns were generally
consistent with MOPITT CO. The hotspots in the central Tibetan Plateau where
the CO concentrations were underestimated by MOPITT CO were apparent in the
RF–STK predictions. This comprehensive dataset of ground-level CO
concentrations is valuable for air quality management in China.
Multivariate statistical air mass classification for the high-alpine observatory at the Zugspitze Mountain, Germany
Authors: Sigmund Armin , Freier Korbinian , Rehm Till , Ries Ludwig , Schunk Christian , Menzel Anette , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. To assist atmospheric monitoring at high-alpine sites, a statistical approach for distinguishing between the dominant air masses was developed. This approach was based on a principal component analysis using five gas-phase and two meteorological variables. The analysis focused on the Schneefernerhaus site at Zugspitze Mountain, Germany. The investigated year was divided into 2-month periods, for which the analysis was repeated. Using the 33.3 % and 66.6 % percentiles of the first two principal components, nine air mass regimes were defined. These regimes were interpreted with respect to vertical transport and assigned to the BL (recent contact with the boundary layer), UFT/SIN (undisturbed free troposphere or stratospheric intrusion), and HYBRID (influences of both the boundary layer and the free troposphere or ambiguous) air mass classes. The input data were available for 78 % of the investigated year. BL accounted for 31 % of the cases with similar frequencies in all seasons. UFT/SIN comprised 14 % of the cases but was not found from April to July. HYBRID (55 %) mostly exhibited intermediate characteristics, whereby 17 % of the HYBRID class suggested an influence from the marine boundary layer or the lower free troposphere. The statistical approach was compared to a mechanistic approach using the ceilometer-based mixing layer height from a nearby valley site and a detection scheme for thermally induced mountain winds. Due to data gaps, only 25 % of the cases could be classified using the mechanistic approach. Both approaches agreed well, except in the rare cases of thermally induced uplift. The statistical approach is a promising step towards a real-time classification of air masses. Future work is necessary to assess the uncertainty arising from the standardization of real-time data.
Foreign influences on tropospheric ozone over East Asia through global atmospheric transport
Authors: Han Han , Liu Jane , Yuan Huiling , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang , Zhang Xun
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone in East Asia is influenced by the transport of ozone from
foreign regions around the world. However, the magnitudes and variations in
such influences remain unclear. This study was performed to investigate the
influences using a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, through the
tagged ozone and emission perturbation simulations. The results show that
foreign ozone is transported to East Asia (20–60∘ N, 95–150∘ E) mainly through the middle and upper
troposphere. In East Asia, the influence of foreign ozone increases rapidly
with altitude. In the middle and upper troposphere, the regional mean
concentrations of foreign ozone range from 32 to 65 ppbv, being 0.8–4.8 times higher
than its native counterpart (11–18 ppbv). Annually, ∼60 %
of foreign ozone in the East Asian middle and upper troposphere comes from
North America (5–13 ppbv) and Europe (5–7 ppbv), as well as from foreign
oceanic regions (9–21 ppbv). Over the East Asian tropospheric columns,
foreign ozone appears most in spring when ozone concentrations in the
foreign regions are high and the westerlies are strong and least in summer
when the South Asian High blocks eastward foreign ozone from reaching East
Asia south of 35∘ N. At the East Asian surface, the annual mean of
foreign ozone concentrations is ∼22.2 ppbv, which is
comparable to its native counterpart of ∼20.4 ppbv. In the
meantime, the annual mean of anthropogenic ozone concentrations from foreign
regions is ∼4.7 ppbv, half of which comes from North
America (1.3 ppbv) and Europe (1.0 ppbv). Seasonally, foreign ozone
concentrations at the East Asian surface are highest in winter (27.1 ppbv)
and lowest in summer (16.5 ppbv). This strong seasonality is largely
modulated by the East Asian monsoon (EAM) via its influence on vertical
motion. The large-scale subsidence prevailing during the East Asian winter
monsoon (EAWM) favours the downdraft of foreign ozone to the surface, while
widespread convection in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) blocks such
transport. Interannually, the variation in foreign ozone at the East Asian
surface is found to be closely related to the intensity of the EAM.
Specifically, the stronger the EAWM is in a winter, the more ozone from
North America and Europe reaches the East Asian surface because of the
stronger subsidence behind the East Asian trough. In summer, ozone from
South and South-east Asia is reduced in strong EASM years due to weakened
south-westerly monsoon winds. This study suggests substantial foreign
influences on ozone at the East Asian surface and in its tropospheric
columns. It also underscores the importance of the EAM in the seasonal and
interannual variations in foreign influences on surface ozone in East Asia.
Diurnal cycle of clouds extending above the tropical tropopause observed by spaceborne lidar
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Noël Vincent , Dion Iris-Amata
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The presence of clouds above the tropopause over tropical convection centers has so far been documented by spaceborne instruments that are either sun-synchronous, or insensitive to thin cloud layers. Here we document, for the first time through direct observation by spaceborne lidar, how the tropical cloud fraction evolves above the tropopause throughout the day. After confirming previous studies that found such clouds are most frequent above convection centers, we show that stratospheric clouds and their vertical extent above the tropopause follow a diurnal rhythm linked to convective activity. The diurnal cycle of the stratospheric clouds displays two maxima: one in the early night (19–20 LT) and a later one (00–01 LT). Stratospheric clouds extend up to 0.5–1 km above the tropopause during nighttime, when they are the most frequent. The frequency and the vertical extent of stratospheric clouds is very limited during daytime, and when present they are found very close to the tropopause. Results are similar over the major convection centers (Africa, South America, Warm pool), with more clouds above land in DJF and less above ocean and JJA.
Microelectromechanical-system-based condensation particle counter for real-time monitoring of airborne ultrafine particles
Authors: Yoo Seong-Jae , Kwon Hong-Beom , Hong Ui-Seon , Kang Dong-Hyun , Lee Sang-Myun , Han Jangseop , Hwang Jungho , Kim Yong-Jun
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We present a portable, inexpensive, and accurate
microelectromechanical-system-based (MEMS-based) condensation particle counter
(CPC) for sensitive and precise monitoring of airborne ultrafine particles
(UFPs) at a point of interest. A MEMS-based CPC consists of two main parts:
a MEMS-based condensation chip that grows UFPs to micro-sized droplets and a
miniature optical particle counter (OPC) that counts single grown droplets
with the light scattering method. A conventional conductive cooling-type
CPC is miniaturized through MEMS technology and three-dimensional (3-D)
printing techniques; the essential elements for growing droplets are
integrated on a single glass slide. Our system is much more compact (75 mm × 130 mm × 50 mm), lightweight (205 g),
and power-efficient (2.7 W) than commercial CPCs. In quantitative
experiments, the results indicated that our system could detect UFPs with a
diameter of 12.9 nm by growing them to micro-sized (3.1 µm) droplets.
Our system measured the UFP number concentration with high accuracy (mean
difference within 4.1 %), and the number concentration range for which
our system can count single particles is 7.99–6850 cm−3. Thus,
our system has the potential to be used for UFP monitoring in various
environments (e.g., as an air filtration system, in high-precision industries
utilizing clean rooms, and in indoor and outdoor atmospheres).
SKRIPS v1.0: a regional coupled ocean–atmosphere modeling framework (MITgcm–WRF) using ESMF/NUOPC, description and preliminary results for the Red Sea
Authors: Sun Rui , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Miller Arthur J. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Hoteit Ibrahim , Cornuelle Bruce D.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. A new regional coupled ocean–atmosphere model is developed and its implementation is presented in this paper. The coupled model is based on two open-source community model components: the MITgcm ocean model and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmosphere model. The coupling between these components is performed using ESMF (Earth System Modeling Framework) and implemented according to National United Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) protocols. The coupled model is named the Scripps–KAUST Regional Integrated Prediction System (SKRIPS). SKRIPS is demonstrated with a real-world example by simulating a 30 d period including a series of extreme heat events occurring on the eastern shore of the Red Sea region in June 2012. The results obtained by using the coupled model, along with those in forced stand-alone oceanic or atmospheric simulations, are compared with observational data and reanalysis products. We show that the coupled model is capable of performing coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations, although all configurations of coupled and uncoupled models have good skill in modeling the heat events. In addition, a scalability test is performed to investigate the parallelization of the coupled model. The results indicate that the coupled model code scales well and the ESMF/NUOPC coupler accounts for less than 5 % of the total computational resources in the Red Sea test case. The coupled model and documentation are available at https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/collection/bb1847661c (last access: 26 September 2019), and the source code is maintained at https://github.com/iurnus/scripps_kaust_model (last access: 26 September 2019).
WHAT-IF: an open-source decision support tool for water infrastructure investment planning within the water–energy–food–climate nexus
Authors: Payet-Burin Raphaël , Kromann Mikkel , Pereira-Cardenal Silvio , Strzepek Kenneth Marc , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Water infrastructure investment planning must consider
the interdependencies within the water–energy–food nexus. Moreover,
uncertain future climate, evolving socio-economic context, and stakeholders
with conflicting interests, lead to a highly complex decision problem.
Therefore, there is a need for decision support tools to objectively
determine the value of investments, considering the impacts on different
groups of actors, and the risks linked to uncertainties. We present a new
open-source hydro-economic optimization model, incorporating in a holistic
framework, representations of the water, agriculture, and power systems. The model represents the joint development of nexus-related infrastructure and policies and evaluates their economic impact, as well as the risks linked to uncertainties in future climate and socio-economic development. We apply the methodology in the Zambezi River basin, a major African basin shared by eight countries, in which multiple investment opportunities exist, including new hydropower plants, new or resized reservoirs, development of irrigation agriculture, and investments into the power grid. We show that it is crucial to consider the links between the different systems when evaluating the impacts of climate change and socio-economic development, which will ultimately influence investment decisions. We find that climate change could induce economic losses of up to USD 2.3 billion per year in the current system. We show that the value of the hydropower development plan is sensitive to future fuel prices, carbon pricing policies, the capital cost of solar technologies, and climate change. Similarly, we show that the value of the irrigation development plan is sensitive to the evolution of crop yields, world market crop prices, and climate change. Finally, we evaluate the opportunity costs of restoring the natural floods in the Zambezi Delta; we find limited economic trade-offs under the current climate, but major trade-offs with irrigation
and hydropower generation under the driest climate change scenario.
Numerical bifurcation methods applied to climate models: analysis beyond simulation
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In this special issue contribution, I provide a personal view on
the role of bifurcation analysis of climate models in the development
of a theory of climate system variability. The state of the art of
the methodology is shortly outlined, and the main part of the paper
deals with examples of what has been done and what has been learned.
In addressing these issues, I will discuss the role of a hierarchy of
climate models, concentrate on results for spatially extended
(stochastic) models (having many degrees of freedom) and
evaluate the importance of these results for a theory of climate system
variability.
Antarctic grounding zone characteristics from CryoSat-2
Authors: Dawson Geoffrey J. , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We present the results of mapping the limit of tidal flexure (point F) and hydrostatic equilibrium (point H) of the grounding zone of Antarctic ice shelves from CryoSat-2 standard and swath elevation data. Overall we were able to map 41 % of the grounding zone of the larger floating ice shelves and outlet glaciers in Antarctica. We obtain near-complete coverage of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and partial coverage of the Ross Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud land and the Antarctic Peninsula, while we could not map a continuous grounding zone for the Amery Ice Shelf and the Amundsen Sea Sector. Tidal amplitude and distance south (i.e. across track spacing) are controlling factors in the quality of the coverage and performance of the approach. The location of the point F agrees well with previous observations that used differential satellite radar interferometry (DInSAR) and ICESat-1, with an average landward bias of 0.1 km and 0.6 km and standard deviation of 1.1 km and 1.5 km for DInSAR and ICESat measurements, respectively. We also compared the results directly with DInSAR interferograms from the Sentinel-1 satellites, acquired over the Evans Ice Stream and the Carlson Inlet (Ronne Ice Shelf) and found good agreement with the mapped points F and H. We present the results of the spatial distribution of the grounding zone width (the distance between points F and H), and used a simple elastic beam model to investigate the relationship between ice thickness and grounding zone width.
Dialéticas da ginga: performances dos corpos subalternos em movimento
Authors: Carvalho Nascimento Ricardo César
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por finalidade problematizar o conceito nativo de ginga, oriundo da prática da capoeira, tendo como base a situação social vivida no processo eleitoral brasileiro de 2018, com o assassinato do Mestre Moa do Katendê. Esta pesquisa tenta demonstrar que a ginga se constitui como um dispositivo estético e simbólico, que faz parte do repertório performático dos praticantes de capoeira, e podem ser compreendidos enquanto artefato de navegação e ação social dos capoeiristas, no contexto da sua subalternidade. Trata-se de um estudo de caso em que parti do acompanhamento do assassinato do Mestre, no contexto eleitoral, mas também da conjugação das inquietações acadêmicas e políticas que concernem às vivências de um pesquisador-praticante de capoeira.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREST PLANTATIONS CUTTING AGE BASED ON VOLUMETRIC AND GRAVIMETRIC UNITS
Authors: Coelho Priscila Dini , Ribeiro Gabriel Browne de Deus , Valverde Sebastião Renato , Isbaex Crismeire , Ribeiro Lorena Castro
Published: October 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the technical and economic cutting age of forest plantations considering the wood market under volumetric and gravimetric measurement units. Volumetric production and wood basic density for Eucalyptus urophylla clones stands were obtained from a forest company in the Jequitinhonha’s region, Minas Gerais State, for ages of 3 to 9 years. It was estimated: mass per hectare; technical cutting age (TCA) for volume and mass; and economic viability at different interest rates. Data was divided by three clones, being the denser (C), passing through (B) median density, and less denser (A). The results showed that in alternating volumetric for gravimetric unit, the TCA occurs at least one year later. For the economic analysis, the results demonstrated that projects for wood commercialization by gravimetric measurement are economically viable when using high-density clones, due to the higher amount of mass per volume. For clones with low density and high volumetric productivity, the analysis must be done from a volumetric point of view, as the economic results were 23% higher than in the mass analysis. It was concluded that the adoption of the gravimetric unit of measure in the forest sector tends to cause significant changes in project management, improving wood characteristics for energy by postponing the cutting age and making more sensible the genetic material selection.