bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optical Sensor Network for Vegetation Phenology Monitoring and Satellite Data Calibration
Authors: Eklundh Lars , Jin Hongxiao , Schubert Per , Guzinski Radoslaw , Heliasz Michal
Published: August 2011

We present a network of sites across Fennoscandia for optical sampling of vegetation properties relevant for phenology monitoring and satellite data calibration. The network currently consists of five sites, distributed along an N-S gradient through Sweden and Finland. Two sites are located in coniferous forests, one in a deciduous forest, and two on peatland. The instrumentation consists of dual-beam sensors measuring incoming and reflected red, green, NIR, and PAR fluxes at 10-min intervals, year-round. The sensors are mounted on separate masts or in flux towers in order to capture radiation reflected from within the flux footprint of current eddy covariance measurements. Our computations and model simulations demonstrate the validity of using off-nadir sampling, and we show the results from the first year of measurement. NDVI is computed and compared to that of the MODIS instrument on-board Aqua and Terra satellite platforms. PAR fluxes are partitioned into reflected and absorbed components for the ground and canopy. The measurements demonstrate that the instrumentation provides detailed information about the vegetation phenology and variations in reflectance due to snow cover variations and vegetation development. Valuable information about PAR absorption of ground and canopy is obtained that may be linked to vegetation productivity.
FPGA-Based Smart Sensor for Online Displacement Measurements Using a Heterodyne Interferometer
Authors: Vera-Salas Luis Alberto , Moreno-Tapia Sandra Veronica , Garcia-Perez Arturo , Romero-Troncoso Rene de Jesus , Osornio-Rios Roque Alfredo , Serroukh Ibrahim , Cabal-Yepez Eduardo
Published: August 2011

The measurement of small displacements on the nanometric scale demands metrological systems of high accuracy and precision. In this context, interferometer-based displacement measurements have become the main tools used for traceable dimensional metrology. The different industrial applications in which small displacement measurements are employed requires the use of online measurements, high speed processes, open architecture control systems, as well as good adaptability to specific process conditions. The main contribution of this work is the development of a smart sensor for large displacement measurement based on phase measurement which achieves high accuracy and resolution, designed to be used with a commercial heterodyne interferometer. The system is based on a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) allowing the integration of several functions in a single portable device. This system is optimal for high speed applications where online measurement is needed and the reconfigurability feature allows the addition of different modules for error compensation, as might be required by a specific application.
Planar Zeolite Film-Based Potentiometric Gas Sensors Manufactured by a Combined Thick-Film and Electroplating Technique
Authors: Marr Isabella , Reiß Sebastian , Hagen Gunter , Moos Ralf
Published: August 2011

Zeolites are promising materials in the field of gas sensors. In this technology-oriented paper, a planar setup for potentiometric hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas sensors using zeolites as ionic sodium conductors is presented, in which the Pt-loaded Na-ZSM-5 zeolite is applied using a thick-film technique between two interdigitated gold electrodes and one of them is selectively covered for the first time by an electroplated chromium oxide film. The influence of the sensor temperature, the type of hydrocarbons, the zeolite film thickness, and the chromium oxide film thickness is investigated. The influence of the zeolite on the sensor response is briefly discussed in the light of studies dealing with zeolites as selectivity-enhancing cover layers.
Structuring an Efficient Organic Wheat Breeding Program
Authors: Baenziger P. Stephen , Salah Ibrahim , Little Richard S. , Santra Dipak K. , Regassa Teshome , Wang Meng Yuan
Published: August 2011

Our long-term goal is to develop wheat cultivars that will improve the profitability and competitiveness of organic producers in Nebraska and the Northern Great Plains. Our approach is to select in early generations for highly heritable traits that are needed for both organic and conventional production (another breeding goal), followed by a targeted organic breeding effort with testing at two organic locations (each in a different ecological region) beginning with the F6 generation. Yield analyses from replicated trials at two organic breeding sites and 7 conventional breeding sites from F6 through F12 nurseries revealed, using analyses of variance, biplots, and comparisons of selected lines that it is inappropriate to use data from conventional testing for making germplasm selections for organic production. Selecting and testing lines under organic production practices in different ecological regions was also needed and cultivar selections for organic production were different than those for conventional production. Modifications to this breeding protocol may include growing early generation bulks in an organic cropping system. In the future, our selection efforts should also focus on using state-of-the-art, non-transgenic breeding technologies (genomic selection, marker-assisted breeding, and high throughput phenotyping) to synergistically improve organic and conventional wheat breeding.
Incidence of Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Silage Maize
Authors: Eckard Sonja , Wettstein Felix E. , Forrer Hans-Rudolf , Vogelgsang Susanne
Published: August 2011

Maize is frequently infected by the Fusarium species producing mycotoxins. Numerous investigations have focused on grain maize, but little is known about the Fusarium species in the entire plant used for silage. Furthermore, mycotoxins persist during the ensiling process and thus endanger feed safety. In the current study, we analyzed 20 Swiss silage maize samples from growers’ fields for the incidence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. The species spectrum was analyzed morphologically and mycotoxins were measured by LC-MS/MS. A pre-harvest visual disease rating showed few disease symptoms. In contrast, the infection rate of two-thirds of the harvest samples ranged from 25 to 75% and twelve different Fusarium species were isolated. The prevailing species were F. sporotrichioides, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum. No infection specificity for certain plant parts was observed. The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in each sample (ranging from 780 to 2990 µg kg−1). Other toxins detected in descending order were zearalenone, further trichothecenes (nivalenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxin, acetylated DON) and fumonisins. A generalized linear regression model containing the three cropping factors harvest date, pre-precrop and seed treatment was established, to explain DON contamination of silage maize. Based on these findings, we suggest a European-wide survey on silage maize.
Impact of the Autophagy Machinery on Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Dreux Marlène , Chisari Francis V.
Published: August 2011

Autophagy is a cellular process that catabolizes cytoplasmic components and maintains energy homeostasis. As a stress response, the autophagy machinery interconnects a wide range of cellular pathways, enhancing the spread of certain pathogens while limiting others, and has become a highly active research area over the past several years. Independent laboratories have recently reported that autophagy vesicles accumulate in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected cells and that autophagy proteins can function as proviral factors required for HCV replication. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the interplay between autophagy and HCV and the possible mechanisms whereby autophagy proteins might favor HCV propagation.
The Legacy of Mining: Visual Representations and Narrative Constructions of a Swedish Heritage Tourist Destination
Authors: Cassel Susanna Heldt , Mörner Cecilia
Published: August 2011

This article examines the marketing and management efforts that have been undertaken to make the Falun World Heritage Site a successful tourist destination in terms of hegemonic, visual representations, and narrative constructions. Visual representation is assumed to be a vital aspect
of the construction of narratives used to promote tourist destinations. The idea of a narrative as something that constructs sites as comprehensible places through visual representation can be used to illuminate the logic of heritage tourism and branding destinations. The article argues that
representations of a heritage site that are closely related to hegemonic ideas of the site's history are not necessarily the most profitable ones. If the heritage site is to contribute to local development and tourism, it is essential to understand what the representations of heritage communicate.
Using the Falun World Heritage Site as a case study, the article aims to show how the attraction of a site can be hindered by hegemonic assumptions of its history, and therefore of its most interesting and valuable aspects. Analyses of Falun's marketing, as well as the site itself, show that
the constructed hegemonic narratives about the Falun Mine primarily concern men, masculinity, and nationalism. Visitors are offered an opportunity to take part through narratives of the Swedish Great Power Period, as constructed and experienced by male geniuses and male mineworkers. These
are the stories that correspond to the hegemonic view of those who manage and market the site.
I–Thou Relationships in Tourism: The Case of Cross-Cultural Interaction between Okinawan Locals and Japanese Tourists
Authors: Henning Graham K. , Kawabata Shinsuke , Miyajima Keiko
Published: August 2011

This study examines encounters between Okinawan locals and Japanese mainland tourists on Okinawa. Rarely has Okinawan tourism been studied. The study applies the I–Thou ideas of Martin Buber, the great theologian, to those interactions. It appears this is the first study in tourism
research to do so. I–Thou relations are those that engage another person fully, while I–It relations view the other person as a means to another end. I–Thou relations lead to change; I–It relations do not. It is difficult to ascertain the presence of I–Thou relations,
but transformation, community, friendship, certain short encounters, as well as certain ways of describing the experience may be marks of I–Thou relations. This study interviewed 42 tourists and 35 locals via in-depth qualitative interviews. The results suggest some surprising conclusions.
Goal-oriented tourism inhibits cross-cultural relations. Neither cultural similarity nor cultural difference affect whether I–Thou relations occur. I–Thou relations do not occur often, tempering views about tourism as an agent of change. The tourism goals of cultural plurality
and transformation of our world can be achieved through I–Thou relations. The cultures of Japan and Okinawa indicate how transformation can be handled where I–It relations dominate.
Amine-linked diglycosides: Synthesis facilitated by the enhanced reactivity of allylic electrophiles, and glycosidase inhibition assays
Authors: Cumpstey Ian , Frigell Jens , Pershagen Elias , Akhtar Tashfeen , Moreno-Clavijo Elena , Robina Inmaculada , Alonzi Dominic S , Butters Terry D
Published: August 2011

Diglycose derivatives, consisting of two monosaccharides linked at non-anomeric positions by a bridging nitrogen atom, have been synthesised. Conversion of one of the precursor monosaccharide coupling components into an unsaturated derivative enhances its electrophilicity at the allylic position, facilitating coupling reactions. Mitsunobu coupling between nosylamides and 2,3-unsaturated-4-alcohols gave the 4-amino-pseudodisaccharides with inversion of configuration as single regio- and diastereoisomers. A palladium-catalysed coupling between an amine and a 2,3-unsaturated 4-trichloroacetimidate gave a 2-amino-pseudodisaccharide as the major product, along with other minor products. Derivatisation of the C=C double bond in pseudodisaccharides allowed the formation of Man(N4–6)Glc and Man(N4–6)Man diglycosides. The amine-linked diglycosides were found to show weak glycosidase inhibitory activity.
Narasin, a Novel Antiviral Compound that Blocks Dengue Virus Protein Expression
Authors: Low June Su Yin , Wu Kan Xing , Chen Karen Caiyun , Ng Mary Mah-Lee , Chu Justin Jang Hann
Published: August 2011

Background

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a spectrum of human diseases ranging from mild dengue fever to dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in severe cases. Currently, there is no effective antiviral therapy or vaccine against DENV infection.

Methods

In order to identify potential antiviral agents against DENV, we performed high-throughput cell-based screening on a highly purified natural products library. Among the screening hits, selected compounds which displayed 50–75% inhibition against DENV2 were validated using secondary assays. Time-of-addition studies, dose-dependent assays, real time quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Western blot and ultrastructural imaging were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the potential antiviral mechanisms of narasin.

Results

In this study, an ionophore, narasin was selected for detailed analysis due to its strong inhibitory profile against DENV infection with minimal cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration >1,000 μM). A dose- dependent study revealed narasin to have an 50% inhibitory concentration of less than 1 μM against all four serotypes of DENV. Time-of-addition studies of narasin-treated, DENV2- infected Huh-7 cells suggested narasin to be involved in inhibiting the post-entry stages of viral replication during DENV infection. Proteomic and ultrastructural analyses revealed the antiviral mechanism of narasin as likely to be associated with the disruption of viral protein synthesis. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR studies showed no differences in viral RNA levels between narasin- treated and control DENV2-infected cells.

Conclusions

Narasin was identified and characterized as a novel agent that inhibits DENV replication in vitro through non-cytotoxic mechanisms, thus indicating its potential to be further developed as a therapeutic anti-DENV agent.
Treatment of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: POLLARD RODNEY P.E. , PIJPE JUSTIN , BOOTSMA HENDRIKA , SPIJKERVET FRED K.L. , KLUIN PHILIP M. , ROODENBURG JAN L.N. , KALLENBERG CEES G.M. , VISSINK ARJAN , van IMHOFF GUSTAAF W.
Published: August 2011

Objective.

To retrospectively analyze the clinical course of patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphoma of the parotid gland and associated Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).

Methods.

All consecutive patients with SS and MALT lymphoma (MALT-SS) diagnosed in the University Medical Center Groningen between January 1997 and January 2009 were analyzed. Clinical course and treatment outcome of SS and MALT lymphoma were evaluated.

Results.

From a total of 329 patients with SS, 35 MALT-SS patients were identified, with a median followup of 76 months (range 16–153 mo). MALT lymphoma was localized in the parotid gland in all cases. Treatment consisted of “watchful waiting” (n = 10), surgery (n = 3), radiotherapy (n = 1), surgery combined with radiotherapy (n = 2), rituximab only (n = 13), or rituximab combined with chemotherapy (n = 6). Complete response was observed in 14 patients, partial response in 1 patient, and stable disease in 20 patients. In 6 of 7 patients with initially high SS disease activity (M-protein, cryoglobulins, IgM rheumatoid factor > 100 KIU/l, severe extraglandular manifestations), MALT lymphoma progressed and/or SS disease activity increased after a median followup of 39 months (range 4–98 mo), necessitating retreatment. Only 1 patient with MALT who had low SS disease activity showed progression of lymphoma when left untreated.

Conclusion.

An initially high SS disease activity likely constitutes an adverse prognostic factor for progression of lymphoma and/or SS. Such patients may require treatment for both MALT lymphoma and SS. In SS patients with localized asymptomatic MALT lymphoma and low SS disease activity, a “watchful waiting” strategy seems justified.
Baby Boomers: Are We Ready for Their Impact on Health Care?
Authors: Cangelosi Pamela R.
Published: August 2011

As the first of the Baby Boomer generation turns 65 this year, there is rising fear that a crisis awaits related to many mental health resources. This article describes the characteristics of Baby Boomers, their future mental health needs, and the extent of the impending insufficiency of mental health resources to meet those needs. Recommendations to address the unprecedented mental health demands of this generation are presented.
La comunidad «Recursos y datos primarios» de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra: los repositorios institucionales como infraestructuras científicas: estudio de caso
Authors: Arano Silvia , Martínez Gemma , Losada Marina , Villegas Marta , Casaldàliga Anna , Bel Núria
Published: August 2011

El artículo presenta una primera aproximación a la publicación en acceso abierto de datos resultantes de la investigación en el área de humanidades. Describe el estudio de caso implementado en el repositorio institucional de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra, a partir de la creación de dos colecciones con datos, una para los anexos presentes en las tesis y otra para las herramientas y recursos lingüísticos. Finalmente se analiza la experiencia realizada y se extraen algunas conclusiones respecto a la utilización de los repositorios como infraestructuras.
Blind Separation Method for Gearbox Mixed Fault Signals
Authors: Lei Yan Bin , Chen Zhi Gang , Liu Hai Ou
Published: August 2011

A new blind source separation (BSS) algorithm used for separating mixed gearbox signals is proposed in this paper. Firstly, whiten the observed signals, and then diagonalize the second- and higher-order cumulant matrix to get an orthogonal separation matrix. The feasibility of the algorithm is validated through separating the mechanical simulation signals and the gearbox vibration signals. The algorithm can successfully identified the failure source of the gearbox and provides a new method to a gearbox fault.
Research on Magnetic Transmission Design
Authors: Wang Hong Qun , Yu Pei Qing , Chen De Jian
Published: August 2011

Technical actuality in magnetic transmission has been studied systematically. Through experiment and application for several years, the key points were tabled such as choice of magnetic material, inspection and acquirement of magnetic property at application situation, how to confirm magnetic transmission gap Lg and how to design magnetic circuit as well as how to calculate electric vortex waste and take cooling measure and so on. Programmer design software model of magnetic transmission were introduced also.
Analysis of Load Sharing Behavior in Herringbone Gears Power Branching Transmission System
Authors: Yang Xiao Fang , Fang Zong De , Wang Bao Bin , Du Jin Fu
Published: August 2011

Torque-spilt transmissions are promising alternatives to the common herringbone gears for power-branching. A method was developed to analyze the load-sharing in power-branching. With the theory of equivalent mesh error, in consideration of the manufacturing and assembly errors of every gear pair, the formula of uneven load coefficient are obtained by using the engineering calculation and simulation calculation two methods, and then the load-sharing behavior of system is studied under different operating conditions in power dual-branching and three-branching transmission. The calculated results confirmed that measures must be took to improve load-sharing, and it is helpful for the design of power-branching herringbone gears transmission system.
Optimal Design and Contact Analysis for Planetary Roller Screw
Authors: Ma Shang Jun , Liu Geng , Zhou Jian Xing , Tong Rui Ting
Published: August 2011

Based on the meshing principle of Planetary Roller Screw (PRS), the meshing clearance of screw pair is minimized by taking the half of thread angle, and the pitch diameter tooth thickness, e, as the optimization variables. Optimal structural parameters are obtained by using optimization module of the software Matlab. The 3D model of PRS structures are established with Solidworks and the finite element contact analysis is carried out with Ansys. The contact deformation and stress distribution are calculated among screw, rollers and nut. The results can be used for PRS design.
Effects of Technical Elements on Microstructure and Hardness of TiAlN/TiN Coatings
Authors: Lu Long , Ren Ming Hao , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2011

40Cr steel substrate was coated with TiAlN/TiN films by multi-arc ion technology. The effect of technical elements on the surface and micro hardness of TiAlN/TiN films had been studied with metallographic microscope, SEM and micro hardness instrument. The results show that the negative bias and the target current have marked influence in performance of TiAlN/TiN films. The content of Ti and Al in films becomes lower and lower when the negative bias becomes higher and higher. The content of Ti/Al of films increases when the target current increases. The micro hardness increases firstly and then drops with the increase of negative bias or the target current.
Behavior Test on Wind Turbine Gearbox
Authors: Tan Liang Yuan , Liu Jian Bin
Published: August 2011

The scope, specifications, methods and requirements of behavior test on wind turbine gearboxes are elaborated and analyzed.
Analysis of Winding Dynamics of Film Web on Winder
Authors: Li Gang , Sun Yu
Published: August 2011

This paper discusses dynamic behavior of a special transmission system—soft web winding system. Soft web such as film acts not only as the wound object but also as transmission parts in the roll-to-roll systems mentioned above. Its longitudinal and transverse vibration have great effect on the film printing quality or corona treatment quality before wound , on the wound roll’s quality and even on the whole performance of system. Based on Hamilton’s principle, a dynamic mode is established by elasticity theory. Method for calculating natural frequency of moving film web and related resonating condition is adopted, which provides a feasible way for the optimization of structural design for web winder.
Investigating Effect of Industrial Coatings on Fatigue Damage
Authors: Arghavan Alireza , Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh , Asfarjani Alireza Amiri
Published: August 2011

Investigating Fatigue is one the most important factors in designing most mechanical structure. The reason is that, in many cases, the specimens of the structure break down without any warning or signal. Nano and micron’s Coatings are finding more and more applications in industry such as aerospace, automotive, and naval industries. The present article has a purpose. Firstly, it intends to explore the influence of four industrial coatings, namely, hardened chromium, embellished chromium, hardened nickel, and warm galvanizing, all of which have the thickness value at micron levels on fatigue specimens. Moreover, it aims to find the most convenient coating. To achieve these purposes, the abovementioned coatings with the thickness of 13 & 19 were coated on standard specimens who were made of CK45 steel under the same conditions. Then, the S-N curve of each sample was attained empirically according to the standard fatigue testing. Specimens are simulated in the finite element analysis according to experimental conditions and then S-N curve of each sample was attained. Finally, comparing the S-N curves, the most appropriate coating is introduced for the delineated conditions and based fatigue results may be predicted damage of coating.
Preparation and Characterization of Mg(OH)2 Flame-Retardant with Particular Morphology via Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Ji Lian Min , Li Li Juan , Liu Zhi Qi , Zhang Bo , Nie Feng , Zeng Zhong Min , Song Fu Gen , Zhang Yan Hui , Jia Xu Hong
Published: August 2011

The process of preparing magnesium hydroxide flame retardants with particular morphologies after hydrothermal treatment in the presence of organic modifier ethanediamine was mainly investigated. Influences of such factors as slurry concentration, modifier solution concentration and reaction temperature were studied. Meanwhile, the hydrothermally treated results were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA. The results indicate that when the reaction temperature was 180°C, and the reaction time ranges from 4 to 8 hours, the magnesium hydroxide and organic modifier solution concentration separately was 5% and 4 mol/L, a spherical crystalline magnesium hydroxide that has a symmetrical and regular crystal morphology was prepared. Such magnesium hydroxide materials were found to give an enhanced powder filtration.
A New Treatment Method of Pineapple Leaf Fiber for Textile Use
Authors: Li Zheng Fan , Liu Guo Liang , Yu Chong Wen
Published: August 2011

The pineapple leaf fiber is abundant in the tropics and subtropics regions in the world. The raw pineapple leaf fiber needs to be degummed before spinning. In this paper, the effect of alkali treatment on fiber property was studied. Compared to the fiber that not treated by alkali, fiber property improved by alkali treatment. At the same time, the influence of parameters of alkali treatment on fiber property was also discussed. With the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution increasing, the fineness, the tenacity, and the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber are all decreased. The effect of time on the fineness of degummed pineapple fiber is insignificant. With the increase of time, the tenacity of pineapple fiber is decreased slightly. However, the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased at first, and then increased. As the temperature increase, the fineness of pineapple fiber increased then decreased. On the contrary, with the temperature increasing, the tenacity of pineapple fiber decreased firstly, and then increased. The breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased with the increase of temperature.
Effect of Super-Absorbent Polymer as Admixture on the Mechanical Properties of Mortars
Authors: Yang Tao , Sun Na , Guo Wen Juan , Zhang Jin , Pei Mei Shan , Wei Ying Fang , Wang Sheng Nian
Published: August 2011

Super-absorbent polymer particles (SAPs) were used as a self-curing admixture for mortars. The effect of SAPs on mechanical properties of mortars was investigated. The performance of the mortars with SAPs added by two different ways was tested, which showed that the way of adding dried was more feasible to application. The performance of mortars with different curing methods was also tested. The results showed that SAPs in the mortars played a role of reserving water and the mechanical properties of hardened mortars with SAPs were better than those had no SAPs and exposed to the air, which suggested that incorporating SAPs can be an effective self-curing method.
Growth and Magneto-Optical Properties of CaTbAlO4 Crystal
Authors: Mei Man , Cao Li Li , He Yan , Zhang Ru Ru , Guo Fei Yun , Zhuang Nai Feng , Chen Jian Zhong
Published: August 2011

The calcium terbium aluminate (CaTbAlO4) single crystal was grown by Czochralski method successfully for the first time.The structure of the crystal was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The transmission spectrum of the crystal was measured at room temperature at the wavelength of 400-1500nm.The specific Faraday rotation of the single crystal was surveyed at room temperature at the wavelength 532nm, 633nm, and 1064nm respectively.The Verdet constants of the CaTbAlO4 crystal are calculated and the results show that the Verdet constants of CaTbAlO4 are around 110% higher than that of TGG in the visible and near-infrared spectral region.Therefore,crystal CaTbAlO4 can be promising material for the fabrication of magneto-optical devices in the visible region.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Cr-Doped Rod-Like ZnO Particles by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Hang Lian Mao , Zhang Zhi Yong , Yan Jun Feng
Published: August 2011

Cr-doped rod-like ZnO particles with nominal 3 at% doping concentration were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structural and optical properties of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that the as-synthesized product is of hexagonal wurtzite structure without metallic Cr or other secondary phases and the morphology of the ZnO particles is rod shaped. The room-temperature PL spectrum of the Cr-doped rod-like ZnO particles exhibits a strong blue emission at 440nm and two weak emission bands centered at 410nm and 565nm, respectively.
Optical Properties of the 3-D Composite Photonic Crystals Prepared by Modified Dip-Coating and Coating First Method
Authors: Yan Gang Yin , Zhang Xin , Sheng Ying Zhuo , Huang Peng , Feng Buo Xue
Published: August 2011

3-D composite photonic crystals were fabricated on ITO substrates and slide glass substrates by two different methods, modified dip-coating and coating first method. It was found that there were lots of line defects existing in the composite films fabricated by dip-coating method but few existing in the composite films fabricated by coating first method. The reflectance spectra were measured by UV-vis spectrometry and revealed that all the fabricated photonic crystals exhibit a photonic band gap in the normal direction. The optical properties of the core-shell structure strongly depended on the intrinsic defects in the films.
Anomalous Change of the Electrical Resistivity and the Structure of Sn Melt with Temperature
Authors: Yang Zhong Xi , Geng Hao Ran , Zhang Ning
Published: August 2011

On the basis of measuring the electrical resistivity of Sn melt and referring to analysis of high temperature XRD, the change of electrical resistivity and structure for Sn melt with temperature was carried out. The results show that there is discontinuous change of electrical resistivity for Sn melt with the temperature in the metrical temperature range. There is a correlation between the electrical resistivity change and the structure change of Sn melt. The correlation radius and the fluid cluster size of Sn melt decrease with the increasing of temperature, so that the electrical resistivity of Sn melt increases. But there is an anomalous change in the vicinity 673K, it results in a discontinuous change in electrical resistivity of Sn melt.
Temperature Effect of Refining Performance by Al-Ti-B (C) Master Alloys
Authors: Gao Cong Juan , Ding Hai Min , Liu Xiang Fa
Published: August 2011

Refining performance and mechanism of Al-5Ti-1B and Al-5Ti-0.4C master alloys at different temperature were investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that the refining effect of Al-5Ti-0.4C master alloy becomes worse as temperature increasing from 750°C to 1200°C, The refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy becomes worse as temperature increasing from 750°C to 1000°C. However, when the temperature is above 1000°C, the refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy recovers gradually as temperature increasing. TiB2 particles with TiAl3 layers are the heterogeneous nucleating cores of α-Al at low temperature. However, TiB2 particles are the heterogeneous nuclei of α-Al at high temperature.
Analysis of Cement Hydration Monitoring Using Embedded and External Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Zhong Qian Qian , Qin Lei , Huang Shi Feng , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2011

This study adopted home-made embedded piezoelectric transducers and external commercial ultrasonic transducers respectively to monitor early hydration processes of cement. This paper discussed the development of ultrasonic amplitude and frequency spectrum during the hydration process. It is proved that the method is effective for monitoring the hydration of cement paste. The embedded transducer could resolve the coupling problem of ultrasonic monitoring and it could be used for the whole life health monitoring of concrete.
Effect of TaC on W-Ti-Co Ultrafine Cemented Carbides
Authors: Zhang Chong Cai , Yuan Qun Qun , Wang Quan , Sheng Zhi Yong , Wang Long
Published: August 2011

The W-Ti-Co powders was doped different content of TaC with an average particle size of 270nm were prepared by 72 hours high-energy ball milling. The powder was cold isostatic pressed and vacuum sintered at 1380°C. The physical properties and the micrographs of samples were detected. The main conclusions were as follow: the density and Cobalt magnetic decreased with the content of TaC increasing, the coercivity increased at first and then decreased, the coercivity of alloy with 0.6wt.% TaC was higher than the other. When the content of TaC was less than 0.6wt.%, the hardness increased with the content of TaC increasing .While when the content of TaC was more than 0.6wt.%, the hardness decreased obviously. Comparing with the alloy without TaC doped, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the alloy with 0.4wt.%TaC increased to a larger extent. When the content of TaC was more than 0.4wt.%, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) decreased with the content of TaC increasing. The TaC could inhibit the grain growth, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy with 0.4wt.% TaC was best.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Cement-Based Foamed Lightweight Thermal Insulation Material
Authors: Jiang Cong Cong , Li Guo Zhong , Zhang Shui
Published: August 2011

A cement-based foamed lightweight thermal insulation material was prepared with cement, industrial waste (fly ash, steel slag) as the main raw materials, by using self-developed composite activator and foaming agent. The influence of foam content on dry density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity coefficient of material was studied, the activation mechanism of composite activator to fly ash and steel slag was discussed. Results showed that, the dry density and compressive strength of material decreased, and thermal conductivity coefficient decreased first and then increased with the increasing foam content.
The Research of Evolution Form Listed of Displacement Fluid Machinery Extended From Life Evolutionary Tree
Authors: Chen Jian Guo , Yu Ying , Zhu Xiao Chen
Published: August 2011

The living creature evolve into various kinds of animals after a long time, there also is the law that includes evolvement, variation and complex at the formation of all machines. The machine evolution laws were analysed and concluded from the standpoint of mechanism in this text. The diagram of evolution form listed on show reflects the internal evolution law of mechanism. The multiple development of mechanical structure relys on the evolvement of and the variation of machine parts. The birth of pioneer product also relys on the evolutionary logic to expand.
Continuous Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Gao Wei
Published: August 2011

Ant Colony Algorithm is a new bionics optimization algorithm from mimic the swarm intelligence of ant colony behavior. And it is a very good combination optimization method. To extend the ant colony algorithm, and to improve the searching performance, from the connections of continuous optimization and searching process of ant colony algorithm, one new Continuous Ant Colony Algorithm is proposed. To verify the new algorithm, the typical functions, such as Schaffer function and “Needle-in-a-haystack” function, are all used. And then, the results of new algorithm are compared with that of immunized evolutionary programming proposed by author.
Study on Square Conical Box NC Sheet Meta Incremental Forming
Authors: Zhou Liu Ru
Published: August 2011

The principle of NC incremental sheet metal forming as well as the process planning, experiment of the square conical box forming are presented. Because the deformation of sheet metal only occurs around the tool head and the deformed region is subjected to stretch deformation and thins, and surface area increases. Sheet metal forming stepwise is to lead to the whole sheet metal deformation. The sine law indicates that the thickness of the square conical box wall is close to zero when the half-apex angle of the square conical box wall is close to zero. Therefore, we must know the forming limit half-apex angle to ensure that the forming can be carried out successfully, i.e., to ensure that the deformed region with a certain thickness will not fracture. It will succeed in square conical box incremental forming in a single tool-path if the forming is carried out with an angle which is larger than the forming limit half-apex angle. The fracture in the forming component can be avoided by these methods. A square conical box of uniform wall-thickness can be formed by NC incremental forming process. The thickness of deformation area is increased by increasing half-apex angle. The wrinkle in the forming component can be avoided by these methods.
Load Analysis of Transmitting Gear in Loading Cycles for Earthmoving Vehicle
Authors: Wang Zhen Yu , Zhang Xi Feng , Wang Ji Xin , Yao Ming Yao
Published: August 2011

Fatigue failure of gears carrying heavy loads is the leading cause of gearbox breakdown in the large-scale earthmoving machinery. The fatigue life of gear is mainly determined by loads distribution. Taking the Wheel Loader as an example, this paper introduced an indirect test system of gear load under the loose soil conditions. Then the load data in time, amplitude and frequency field were respectively analyzed. The results show that the indirect measurement method proved workable, and the load data of gear is characterized by bi-modal. Therefore, to decrease statistical errors, mixture model must be adopted to fit these bi-modal signals.
Topology and Sizing Optimization of Trusses with Adaptive Ground Finite Elements Using Multiobjective PBIL
Authors: Noilublao Chaid , Bureerat Sujin
Published: August 2011

This paper presents an integrated design technique to carry out simultaneous topology and sizing optimization of a two-dimensional truss structure. An optimization problem is set to find a structural layout and elements’ cross-sectional areas of a 2D truss such that objective functions including mass, compliance, and buckling factor are optimized. Design constraints consist of stress, buckling, and compliance. The concept of an adaptive ground elements approach and the encoding/decoding process are detailed. The multiobjective version of population-based incremental learning (PBIL) is employed to solve the design problem. The results reveal that the proposed design strategy is efficient and can be an effective engineering design tool.
Modeling Methodologies and Applications of Thermoelectric Modules
Authors: Jou Rong Yuan
Published: August 2011

Thermoelectric coolers and generators are often used as reliable energy converters in a variety of applications. For design considerations, it is investable to establish an effective methodology to simulate the TEC/TEG performance within the cooling/generating system constraints. For this purpose, firstly, three approaches are established to find the internal parameters of a given thermoelectric module. For these procedures, simulated pumping powers are in the sequence of method III < method II < method I for each temperature difference conditions. Hence, the good estimation way of the simulated data is by averaging the results of these three methods. Finally, the design approach is implemented to freezing chuck designs. Temperature distributions on the top surface of chuck are measured by experiments for comparisons. It shows that the established TEC model is applicable to obtain accuracy temperature fields for the purpose of freezing chuck design.
The Communication Module Design of Intelligent Circuit-Breaker Based on DeviceNet Bus Technology
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan , Fu Chao , Zhou Jun Gang
Published: August 2011

The communication module was designed based on DeviceNet bus technology in this paper, which had the circuit-breaker used in the DeviceNet. So the intelligence of circuit-breaker was improved. Firstly applied PIC18F458 single chip as control chip in hardware design and proposed the power source, dial switch and LED interface circuit design scheme based on DeviceNet protocol specification. Secondly proposed the soft design scheme, included established module and I/O information communication. At last SST-DN3-PCU-1 main station card was 阿applied as network analyzer to analyze the communication data detail.
Topology and Sizing Optimization of Light-Weight Frame for Energy-Saving Vehicle
Authors: Liu Qiang , Ma Xiao Kang , Lin Yong Zhou , Zong Zhi Jian
Published: August 2011

In order to minimize the fuel consumption, the topology optimization and sizing optimization are applied in the light-weight design of frame for energy-saving vehicle. The investigation consists of two stages. In the first stage, the static analysis and topology optimization were carried on the original frame to obtain the optimal layout. Then the sizing optimization was explored to find the feasible section dimension of beam. The simulation results revealed that the stress concentration and excessive local deformation of vehicle frame structure have been remarkably improved, meanwhile, the frame’s weight has been decreased more than 15.0%. It is concluded that the optimization method is effective to obtain the optimal light-weight design for vehicle frame.
The Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Panel with Overall Buckling
Authors: Zhang Bao , Sun Qin
Published: August 2011

The post-buckling behavior of a stiffened panel is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the buckling mode of the stiffened panel is obtained using the linear buckling eigenvalue method. Then, the collapsing strength of the stiffened panel is calculated using the ultimate strength method based on large deflection orthotropic plate theory. In addition, nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to predict the post-buckling behavior of the stiffened panel. By comparing the model prediction and the analytical results of ultimate strength, it is shown that good accuracy can be achieved, especially for the method referring to membrane stress in mid-thickness of equivalent orthotropic plate. It suggests that the proposed method can predict the ultimate strength of whole stiffened panel accurately and effectively.
The Analysis and Design of Turbocharger Thrust Bearing
Authors: Qiu Li Jun , Yang Jia , Xu Su Ying
Published: August 2011

Turbocharger turbine shaft thrust bearing is the role of high-speed rotating turbine to withstand the axial force generated by the turbine shaft and a part of the axial position. Fixed on the intermediate thrust bearing on the two sides and both sides of the ring, respectively, relative sliding. Sliding contact surface produces a condition of dynamic pressure oil film structure and shape of the oil wedge. Bearing the sides of the structural design of the oil wedge slot and forming a design to solve the main content. Bearing thrust bearing stiffness and rotation in the process of stress state and the smooth line is to improve the bearing life. Rotating turbine shaft to ensure the accuracy of key factors. Method of lubricating oil to the oil and oil Xie in the shape and precision bearings to ensure the prerequisite conditions and service life.
The Element Stiffness Matrix of a Tapered Beam with Effects of Shear Deformation and its Stability Application
Authors: Lu Nian Li , Meng Li Xia
Published: August 2011

Starting from second-order effect, the governing differential equation of a tapered beam considering effects of axial force and shear deformation is established, the exact element stiffness matrix of a tapered beam with effects of shear deformation is proposed, and whose inertia moment is quadratic along the longitudinal axis. When the effect of shear deformation is ignored, the proposed stiffness matrix will degenerate into the Bernoulli-Euler ones. By using of the presented stiffness matrix, the stability and nonlinear of structures which contain tapered elements can be analyzed. Finally, the stability of some typical structures are analyzed in the numerical examples, the results prove that when the slenderness ratio is small, the effect of shear deformation can’t be neglected; As increasing, the results of beam considering shear-deflection are close to Bernoulli-Euler ones’.
Dynamic Stability of Stepped Columns under the Axial Resonant Force
Authors: Lu Nian Li , Liu Shi Ming
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the dynamic stability of stepped columns under the axial resonant force is investigated, and the dynamic stability, which is also known as parametric resonance, of stepped columns with two ends simply supported and clamped ones are studied, respectively. The dynamic stability of multi-stepped columns is obtained by using Mathieu Equation deduced by Hamiliton Principle. The formula of the dynamic stability region is given and the effect of stiffness of stepped columns on the dynamic stability is analyzed. Results show that the area of dynamic instability decreases with the increase of the ratio of each section’s stiffness, and that the dynamic stability would be better when each section is of similar size.
Numerical Analysis on Convection Heat Transfer in a Spirally Fluted and Field Synergy Principle Analysis
Authors: Yu Jiu Yang , Yang Wen Hao , Wu Yan Yang , Lin Wei , Liu Li Jun , Liu Qian
Published: August 2011

By numerical simulation computation, after passing the pulsating flow, enhanced heat transfer mechanism in spirally fluted tubes was researched. Numerical result shows that pulsating flow can cause the outlet pressure to fluctuate cyclical and the extent of fluctuation increases with the pulsating flow frequency. The pulse flowing can make the fluid generate the whirlpool nearby the spirally fluted tubes and the phenomenon of periodic production, drift, and fall-off appears. Because of the vortex, the fluid motion and relative motion are enhanced. The pulse flowing can improve the coordination level between velocity and temperature, thus has strengthened the heat transfer effect.
Design and Manufacture of a Miniature UAV Using 3D Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Taha Zahari , Tai Vin Cent , See Phen Chiak
Published: August 2011

This paper describes the design and manufacture of a Miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MUAV) using the StratasysTM 3D Rapid Prototyping (RP) machine. The main motivation for this work is to demonstrate the rapid product development capabilities of the machine. The polymeric material used in this process is Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS). Its superior properties allow the MUAV structure to be built accurately to design specifications. The advantage of this approach is the shorter time required for design, fabrication and deployment.
Transformer Neutral Point Protection Configuration and Tuning
Authors: Cao Peng Ya Xu , Shao Zhu Zhan
Published: August 2011

This paper analyzes the configuration of the transformer neutral protection principles and the whole interaction between the relevant relationship between protection and substation operation combined with practical action on how to protect the typical accident analysis, with strong practical significance.
DCS Control on Melamine System
Authors: Gao Long Shi , He Ji Li
Published: August 2011

The composition and working principle of DCS control system is introduced, as well as Configuration，function and basic language. The design proposal of control system on melamine is related, and its advancement and importance of cascade control is further elaborated. Nowadays, the whole control rate can reach above 95%, which can lower labor intensity and improve working environment.