bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More extensive white matter disruptions present in untreated obstructive sleep apnea than we thought: A large sample diffusion imaging study
Authors: Koo Dae Lim , Cabeen Ryan P. , Yook Soon Hyun , Cen Steven Yong , Joo Eun Yeon , Kim Hosung
Published: March 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to white mater (WM) disruptions and cognitive deficits. However, no studies have investigated the full extent of the brain WM, and its associations with cognitive deficits in OSA remain unclear. We thus applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography with multi‐fiber models and used atlas‐based bundle‐specific approach to investigate the WM abnormalities for various tracts of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum in patients with untreated OSA. We enrolled 100 OSA patients and 63 healthy controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values mapped on 33 regions of interest including WM tracts of cortex, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum were obtained from tractography‐based reconstructions. We compared FA/MD values between groups and correlated FA/MD with clinical data in the OSA group after controlling for age and body mass index. OSA patients showed significantly lower FA values in multiple WM fibers including corpus callosum, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, middle/superior longitudinal fasciculi, thalamic radiations, and uncinate (FDR <0.05). Higher FA values were found in medial lemniscus of patients compared to controls (FDR <0.05). Lower FA values of rostrum of corpus callosum correlated with lower visual memory performance in OSA group (p < .005). Our quantitative DTI analysis demonstrated that untreated OSA could negatively impact the integrity of pathways more broadly, including brainstem structures such as medial lemniscus, in comparison to previous findings. Fiber tract abnormalities of the rostral corpus callosum were associated with impaired visual memory in untreated OSA may provide insights into the related pathomechanism.
Two novel recombinant human mastadenovirus D genotypes associated with acute respiratory illness
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Hayes Matthew , Balansay Melinda , Underwood Ryan , Balagot Caroline , Pan Roger , Pineda Kyle , Iniguez‐Stevens Esmeralda , Kriner Paula , Estrada Irais , Myers Christopher A. , Kajon Adriana E.
Published: March 2023

Two novel genotypes of species human mastadenovirus D designated 109 and 110 were isolated from three epidemiologically unrelated cases of acute respiratory disease detected in January 2018 by surveillance efforts at the California/Mexico border. Both genotypes represent examples of intertypic recombination. Genotype D109 is most closely related to genotype D56 (97.68% genomic similarity) and features a type D22‐like penton base, a type D19‐like hexon gene, and a type D9‐like fiber [P22/H19/F9]. On the other hand, genotype D110 is most closely related to type D22 (96.94% genomic similarity) and features a type D67‐like penton base, a novel hexon gene, and a type D9‐like fiber [P67/H110/F9]. Importantly, the fibers of both novel genotypes are highly similar to those of genotypes D56 and D59, which have also been isolated from a few cases of respiratory infections. The present report shows data contributing to the understanding of the molecular determinants of the expanded tissue tropism of certain members of species HAdV‐D.
Predicting risk on cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease based on a physical activity cohort: Results from APAC study
Authors: Zhao Juan , Yu Ye , Zhu Xiaolan , Xie Yuling , Ai Songwei , Lehmann H. Immo , Deng Xuan , Hu Feifei , Li Guoping , Zhou Yong , Xiao Junjie
Published: March 2023

Commonly used prediction models have been primarily constructed without taking physical activity into account. Using the Kailuan physical activity cohorts from Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community (APAC) study, we developed a 9‐year cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equation. Participants in this study were included from APAC cohort, which included 5440 participants from the Kailuan cohort in China. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to construct sex‐specific risk prediction equations for the physical activity cohort (PA equation). Proposed equations were compared with the 10‐year risk prediction model, which is developed for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese cohorts (China‐PAR equation). C statistics of PA equations were 0.755 (95% confidence interval, 0.750–0.758) for men and 0.801 (95% confidence interval, 0.790–0.813) for women. The estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in the validation set shows that the PA equations perform as good as the China‐PAR. From calibration among four categories of predicted risks, the predicted risk rates by PA equations were almost identical to the Kaplan–Meier observed rates. Therefore, our developed sex‐specific PA equations have effective performance for predicting CVD for physically active cohorts in the physical activity cohort in Kailuan.
Heterologous vaccination with subunit protein vaccine induces a superior neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5‐included SARS‐CoV‐2 variants than homologous vaccination of mRNA vaccine
Authors: Peng Dandan , Zhao Tingmei , Hong Weiqi , Fu Minyang , He Cai , Chen Li , Ren Wenyan , Lei Hong , Yang Jingyun , Alu Aqu , Ni Yanghong , Liu Jian , Li Jiong , Wang Wei , Shen Guobo , Zhao Zhiwei , Yang Li , Yang Jinliang , Wang Zhenling , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Lu Guangwen , Song Xiangrong , Wei Xiawei
Published: March 2023

BA.4 and BA.5 (BA.4/5), the subvariants of Omicron, are more transmissible than BA.1 with more robust immune evasion capability because of its unique spike protein mutations. In light of such situation, the vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is in desperate need of the third booster. It has been reported that heterologous boosters might produce more effective immunity against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 and the variants. Additionally, the third heterologous protein subunit booster should be considered potentially. In the present study, we prepared a Delta full‐length spike protein sequence‐based mRNA vaccine as the “priming” shot and developed a recombinant trimeric receptor‐binding domain (RBD) protein vaccine referred to as RBD–HR/trimer as a third heterologous booster. Compared to the homologous mRNA group, the heterologous group (RBD–HR/trimer vaccine primed with two mRNA vaccines) induced higher neutralizing antibody titers against BA.4/5‐included SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. In addition, heterologous vaccination exhibited stronger cellular immune response and long‐lasting memory response than the homologous mRNA vaccine. In conclusion, a third heterologous boosting with RBD–HR/trimer following two‐dose mRNA priming vaccination should be a superior strategy than a third homologous mRNA vaccine. The RBD–HR/trimer vaccine becomes an appropriate candidate for a booster immune injection.
Bayesian MRI reconstruction with joint uncertainty estimation using diffusion models
Authors: Luo Guanxiong , Blumenthal Moritz , Heide Martin , Uecker Martin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

We introduce a framework that enables efficient sampling from learned probability distributions for MRI reconstruction.

Method

Samples are drawn from the posterior distribution given the measured k‐space using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, different from conventional deep learning‐based MRI reconstruction techniques. In addition to the maximum a posteriori estimate for the image, which can be obtained by maximizing the log‐likelihood indirectly or directly, the minimum mean square error estimate and uncertainty maps can also be computed from those drawn samples. The data‐driven Markov chains are constructed with the score‐based generative model learned from a given image database and are independent of the forward operator that is used to model the k‐space measurement.

Results

We numerically investigate the framework from these perspectives: (1) the interpretation of the uncertainty of the image reconstructed from undersampled k‐space; (2) the effect of the number of noise scales used to train the generative models; (3) using a burn‐in phase in MCMC sampling to reduce computation; (4) the comparison to conventional ‐wavelet regularized reconstruction; (5) the transferability of learned information; and (6) the comparison to fastMRI challenge.

Conclusion

A framework is described that connects the diffusion process and advanced generative models with Markov chains. We demonstrate its flexibility in terms of contrasts and sampling patterns using advanced generative priors and the benefits of also quantifying the uncertainty for every pixel.
Semi‐supervised super‐resolution of diffusion‐weighted images based on multiple references
Authors: Guo Haotian , Wang Lihui , Gu Yulong , Zhang Jian , Zhu Yuemin
Published: March 2023

Spatial resolution of diffusion tensor images is usually compromised to accelerate the acquisitions, and the state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) image super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction methods are commonly based on supervised learning models. Considering that matched low‐resolution (LR) and high‐resolution (HR) diffusion‐weighted (DW) image pairs are not readily available, we propose a semi‐supervised DW image SR reconstruction method based on multiple references (MRSR) extracted from other subjects. In MRSR, the prior information of multiple HR reference images is migrated into a residual‐like network to assist SR reconstruction of DW images, and a CycleGAN‐based semi‐supervised strategy is used to train the network with 30% matched and 70% unmatched LR–HR image pairs. We evaluate the performance of the MRSR by comparing against SOTA methods on an HCP dataset in terms of the quality of reconstructed DW images and diffusion metrics. MRSR achieves the best performance, with the mean PSNR/SSIM of DW images being improved by at least 14.3%/28.8% and 1%/1.4% respectively relative to SOTA unsupervised and supervised learning methods, and with the fiber orientations deviating from the ground truth by about 6.28° on average, the RMSEs of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity being 3.0%, 4.6%, 5.7% and 4.5% respectively relative to the ground truth. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed network structure, multiple‐reference and CycleGAN‐based semi‐supervised learning strategies for SR reconstruction of diffusion tensor images through the ablation studies. The proposed method allows us to achieve SR reconstruction for diffusion tensor images with a limited number of matched image pairs.
SIGN updates its guideline on the management of migraine
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: March 2023

The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) has recently updated its guideline on the pharmacological management of migraine (SIGN 155) to include new information on the use of anti‐CGRP monoclonal antibodies. This article provides a round‐up of the main changes to the guidance.
Tiered approach to evaluate the CYP3A victim and perpetrator drug–drug interaction potential for vonoprazan using PBPK modeling and clinical data to inform labeling
Authors: Mulford Darcy J. , Ramsden Diane , Zhang Liming , Michon Ingrid , Leifke Eckhard , Smith Neila , Jones Hannah M. , Scarpignato Carmelo
Published: March 2023

Vonoprazan is metabolized extensively through CYP3A and is an in vitro time‐dependent inhibitor of CYP3A. A tiered approach was applied to understand the CYP3A victim and perpetrator drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential for vonoprazan. Mechanistic static modeling suggested vonoprazan is a potential clinically relevant CYP3A inhibitor. Thus, a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the impact of vonoprazan on the exposure of oral midazolam, an index substrate for CYP3A. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for vonoprazan was also developed using in vitro data, drug‐ and system‐specific parameters, and clinical data and observations from a [14C] human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion study. The PBPK model was refined and verified using data from a clinical DDI study with the strong CYP3A inhibitor, clarithromycin, to confirm the fraction metabolized by CYP3A, and the oral midazolam clinical DDI data assessing vonoprazan as a time‐dependent inhibitor of CYP3A. The verified PBPK model was applied to simulate the anticipated changes in vonoprazan exposure due to moderate and strong CYP3A inducers (efavirenz and rifampin, respectively). The clinical midazolam DDI study indicated weak inhibition of CYP3A, with a less than twofold increase in midazolam exposure. PBPK simulations projected a 50% to 80% reduction in vonoprazan exposure when administered concomitantly with moderate or strong CYP3A inducers. Based on these results, the vonoprazan label was revised and states that lower doses of sensitive CYP3A substrates with a narrow therapeutic index should be used when administered concomitantly with vonoprazan, and co‐administration with moderate and strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided.
Properties of Roselle and alizarin mixed loaded gelatin films as a pH‐sensing indicator for shrimp freshness monitoring
Authors: Moeinpour Farid , Mohseni‐Shahri Fatemeh S.
Published: March 2023

An intelligent pH‐sensing indicator containing Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) (ROS) anthocyanin and alizarin (ALZ) was developed and characterized as on‐package indicator tags to check the shrimp freshness during the storing at 4°C. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis showed that ROS and ALZ were successfully immobilized in the gelatin–glycerol film‐forming substrate. The addition of various natural dyes enhanced the thickness and antioxidant action of the colourimetric film. To assess the response to changes in the pH, the colourimetric film was immersed in different buffers. Based on volatile amines secreted by shrimp, a test application of a colourimetric film containing natural dyes at a ratio of ROS:ALZ = 4:1 (v/v) was conducted in shrimp at 4°C. The findings indicated that the designed colourimetric film could produce various colours, which are thought to indicate the freshness and spoilage of packaged shrimp. Therefore, the target film can be utilized as a promising smart packaging material for monitoring the freshness of shrimp and aquatic products in real time.
Optimal condition‐based maintenance policy for systems with mutually dependent competing failure
Authors: Qi Faqun , Huang Meiqi
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a novel condition‐based maintenance (CBM) policy for systems with mutually dependent competing failure processes (DCFPs) is studied. The cumulative random shocks contribute to the increased rate of degradation, meanwhile, the hard failure threshold is reduced when the amount of degradation reaches a threshold. The degradation process is simulated by a non‐stationary Gamma process and random shocks are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson process. Preventive replacement (PR) and corrective replacement (CR) are accounted for in the developed maintenance strategy. The optimal periodic inspection interval, PR threshold, and the number of cumulative random shocks can be derived by minimizing the average long‐term maintenance cost rate. In the end, a numerical case is applied to demonstrate the availability of the developed models.
2D MoS2Nanosheets Induce Ferroptosis by Promoting NCOA4‐Dependent Ferritinophagy and Inhibiting Ferroportin
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Jiang Wei , Ye Yiyuan , Liu Ling , Wei Xiaoran , Zhang Qiu , Xing Baoshan
Published: March 2023

The exposure of MoS2nanosheets can cause cytotoxicity, which causes health risks and affects its medical applications. However, knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. This study reports that MoS2nanosheets induces ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, which is caused by the nanosheet themselves rather than by the dissolved ions. MoS2nanosheets induce ferroptosis in epithelial (BEAS‐2B) and macrophage (RAW264.7) cells due to nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐dependent excusive ferritinophagy and the inhibition of ferroportin‐1 (FPN). In this process, most of the MoS2nanosheets enter the cells via macropinocytosis and are localized to the lysosome, contributing to an increase in the lysosomal membrane permeability. At the same time, NCOA4‐dependent ferritinophagy is activated, and ferritin is degraded in the lysosome, which generates Fe2+.Fe2+leaks into the cytoplasm, leading to ferroptosis. Furthermore, the inhibition of FPN further aggravates the overload of Fe2+in the cell. It has also been observed that ferroptosis is increased in lung tissue in mouse models exposed to MoS2nanosheets. This work highlights a novel mechanism by which MoS2nanosheets induce ferroptosis by promoting NCOA4‐dependent ferritinophagy and inhibiting FPN, which could be of importance to elucidate the toxicity and identify the medical applications of 2D nanoparticles.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Molecular Electronic Modulation as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Huang Shaoda , Lu Shuanglong , Hu Yiming , Cao Yongyong , Li Yang , Duan Fang , Zhu Han , Jin Yinghua , Du Mingliang , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2023

Tuning the electronic property of active center to balance the adsorption ability and reactivity of oxygen is essential for achieving 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), still represents a grand challenge. Herein, different by‐design building blocks are introduced to regulate the electronic structure of catalytically active centers in covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Theoretical calculation reveals that adsorption ability of oxygen molecule (O2) can be finely tuned by the regulation of electronic structure and the binding strength of O2 is positively correlated with the electron donating ability of active center. As a result, the newly designed TP‐TD‐COF shows higher 2e− ORR activity and selectivity owing to the stronger electron donating ability and the higher adsorption strength of O2 on electron‐rich active center. This study reveals fundamental structure–activity relationship in H2O2 synthesis and offers a strategy for designing metal‐free COF catalysts through rational modulation of their electronic properties at molecular level.
Numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of steel‐concrete composite beams under fire
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Jiang Binhui , Ding Fa‐xing , Wang Liping
Published: March 2023

This paper investigated the fire behavior of steel‐concrete composite beams (SCB) and partially encased steel‐concrete composite beams (PEB) through numerical analysis. The numerical models established by the software ABAQUS were verified against experimental results. Parametric studies were performed to study the influences of load ratio, strength of concrete and steel, width of concrete slab, size of steel beam, fire protection layer, and degree of shear connection on the fire behavior of SCB and PEB. The analysis results show that the deformation stages of SCB and PEB under fire both go through four stages: elastic, elastic–plastic, plastic small deformation, and plastic large deformation. The web of SCB experiences a tension–compression–tension process under fire, and the bottom flange of PEB may even change from tension to compression at a lower load ratio. The failure mode of PEB, whether the concrete is crushed, depends on the load ratio. When SCB fails, the concrete is crushed and only the bottom flange of the steel beam yields. Under various parameters, the fire resistance of SCB is about 22 min, while the fire resistance of PEB is 82–93 min under a load of 0.4. When the load ratio increases from 0.2 to 0.6, the fire resistance of SCB decreases by 8 min, while that of PEB decreases by 110 min. To meet class I fire resistance rating under a normal service load ratio of 0.4, additional measures for PEB are still required, and at least 15 mm of fire protection layer is required for the steel beam of SCB. Finally, considering the temperature internal fore, a coefficient related to the fire time was introduced to modify the formula of ultimate flexural capacity of SCB and PEB, which showed good accuracy.
Heavy metal contamination in the marine environment of Pekalongan, Indonesia: Spatial distribution and hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Ismanto Aris , Hadibarata Tony , Widada Sugeng , Atmodjo Warsito , Satriadi Alfi , Siagian Hendry , Safinatunnajah Novia
Published: March 2023

Pollution in Pekalongan waters is one of the environmental problems caused by the industrial city. Batik industry, the most common activity at Pekalongan, uses a lot of water and generates a lot of effluent because it involves an aqueous process when dyeing fabric. This wastewater, contains heavy metal contaminants like hexavalent chromium (Cr+6), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), generally finds its way to rivers that run across Pekalongan. The contamination level, spatial distribution, and transport simulation of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) in water were investigated in the Loji and Banger rivers in Pekalongan, Indonesia. A two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model was constructed to simulate heavy metal concentrations in marine environment of Pekalongan City, Indonesia. The model's kinetic processes comprised air exchange, transportation, and deposition. Thus, Cu concentrations were below Indonesia's threshold, but Cr, especially in the river and outlet river, exceeded it. Both rivers have 0.002 mg/L Cu. Since water freely flows at Banger River Estuary, Cr concentration reach the highest in both rivers, 0.1056 mg/L. The evaluation findings and the numerical Cu and Cr calculation model created in this work have important research ramifications for preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells secrete extracellular vesicles: A potential cell‐free therapy for canine renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Huang Liyuan , Chen Fuhao , Zhong Zhijun , Ma Xiaoping , Zhou Ziyao , Cao Suizhong , Shen Liuhong , Peng Guangneng
Published: March 2023

Background

Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of therapies for ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) because of their potent anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of ADMSC‐EVs in canine renal IR injury.

Methods

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EVs were isolated and characterised for surface markers. A canine IR model administered with ADMSC‐EVs was used to evaluate therapeutic effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis.

Results

CD105, CD90 and beta integrin ITGB were positively expressed in MSCs, while CD63, CD9 and intramembrane marker TSG101 were positively expressed in EVs. Compared with the IR model group, there was less mitochondrial damage and reduction in quantity of mitochondria in the EV treatment group. Renal IR injury led to severe histopathological lesions and significant increases in biomarkers of renal function, inflammation and apoptosis, which were attenuated by the administration of ADMSC‐EVs.

Conclusions

Secretion of EVs by ADMSCs exhibited therapeutic potential in renal IR injury and may lead to a cell‐free therapy for canine renal IR injury. These findings revealed that canine ADMSC‐EVs potently attenuate renal IR injury‐induced renal dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis, possibly by reducing mitochondrial damage.
Preemptively planned en bloc resection of an extensive right adrenal pheochromocytoma involving the right hepatic division, caval thrombus and segmental caudal vena cava in a dog with Budd−Chiari‐like syndrome
Authors: Takeuchi Ryo , Ishigaki Kumiko , Yoshida Orie , Sakurai Naoki , Terai Kazuyuki , Heishima Tatsuya , Asano Kazushi
Published: March 2023

Background

Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for canine adrenal pheochromocytomas (PHEOs). Information on en bloc resection of adrenal PHEO with tumour thrombus, right hepatic division and segmental caudal vena cava (CVC) running through the adrenal tumour and right hepatic division is limited.

Objective

To describe the preemptively planned en bloc resection of an extensive right adrenal PHEO involving the right hepatic division, the caval thrombus and the segmental CVC in a dog with Budd−Chiari‐like syndrome (BCLS).

Methods

A 13‐year‐old castrated male miniature dachshund was referred for surgical treatment due to anorexia, lethargy and severe abdominal distension caused by abundant ascites. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed a large mass in the right adrenal gland with a large caval thrombus obstructing the CVC and hepatic veins, which caused BCLS. Additionally, collateral vessels were formed between the CVC and azygos veins. No findings suggested obvious metastases. Based on CT findings, an en bloc resection of the adrenal tumour with caval thrombus, right hepatic division and segmental CVC was planned.

Results

The preoperatively planned resection was feasible; the tumour was completely resected grossly. The operation time and total Pringle manoeuvre time were 162 min and 16 min 56 s, respectively. There was no postoperative hindlimb oedema, renal dysfunction, ascites or abdominal distention. The patient's clinical signs, including appetite, fully improved. Hospitalization lasted 16 days. However, the patient died on the 130th postoperative day due to suspected metastases and cachexia.

Conclusions

Even in case of an extensive infiltration of adrenal PHEO causing BCLS, an en bloc resection might be successfully achieved based on the preoperative CT findings speculating the collateral vessels formed for caudal venous return.
The effects of melatonin on the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and proteins, serotonin, cortisol and melatonin in ovariohysterectomised female dogs
Authors: Salavati Sina , Mogheiseh Asghar , Nazifi Saeed , Amiri Atefeh , Nikahval Behrooz
Published: March 2023

Background

Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) induces inflammation and stress in female dogs. The anti‐inflammatory effects of melatonin have been reported in several studies.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of melatonin on the concentrations of melatonin, cortisol, serotonin, α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA), c‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) before and after OHE.

Methods

The total number of animals was 25 and aligned in 5 groups. Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups (n = 5): melatonin, melatonin+anaesthesia and melatonin+OHE and received melatonin (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) on days –1, 0, 1, 2 and 3. Ten dogs were assigned to the control and OHE groups (n = 5) without melatonin treatment. OHE and anaesthesia were performed on day 0. Blood samples were obtained via jugular vein on days –1, 1, 3 and 5.

Results

Melatonin and serotonin concentrations significantly increased in the melatonin, melatonin+OHE and melatonin+anaesthesia groups compared with the control group, while cortisol concentration decreased in the melatonin+OHE group compared with the OHE group. The concentrations of acute‐phase proteins (APPs) and inflammatory cytokines significantly increased after OHE. The CRP, SAA and IL‐10 concentrations decreased significantly in the melatonin+OHE group compared with the OHE group. The concentrations of cortisol, APPs and proinflammatory cytokines increased significantly in the melatonin+anaesthesia group compared with the melatonin group.

Conclusions

The oral administration of melatonin before and after OHE help controlling the high levels of inflammatory APPs, cytokines and cortisol induced by OHE in female dogs.
An Overture: A Historical Overview of Political and Cultural Antecedents of the Nordic School System and its Variety of Teacher Education Programmes
Authors: Elstad Eyvind
Published: March 2023

Trade and contact between people in the northwest corner of Europe and other parts of the world can be traced far back in time. The attacks and raids of Vikings created terror in parts of Europe, but through Christianization, the people in the north gradually assimilated the values of the other European regions. The transnational Catholic church influenced the order of several societies. Schools in the Nordic region at first provided training for the priesthood. With the Reformation, the transnational influence of the Church was greatly weakened. In the 18th century, societal authorities introduced a new school model: mandatory public school for all. This public school helped spread literacy and more in-depth knowledge of Christianity. Over time, the idea emerged that schools should serve a broader purpose than spreading Christian knowledge; the need for teacher education was recognised as a logical consequence. Substantial improvements to the school system took place through trained teachers and the expansion of schools’ content. The changes in Nordic societies laid the foundation for and were influenced by improvements in the school system, indicating a renewal of the school systems. Teacher education evolved from a seminary-based education with many general education elements, to an extended education.
A First Look at Brand Indicators for Message Identification (BIMI)
Authors: Yajima Masanori , Chiba Daiki , Yoneya Yoshiro , Mori Tatsuya
Published: March 2023

As promising approaches to thwarting the damage caused by phishing emails, DNS-based email security mechanisms, such as the Sender Policy Framework (SPF), Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance (DMARC) and DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE), have been proposed and widely adopted. Nevertheless, the number of victims of phishing emails continues to increase, suggesting that there should be a mechanism for supporting end-users in correctly distinguishing such emails from legitimate emails. To address this problem, the standardization of Brand Indicators for Message Identification (BIMI) is underway. BIMI is a mechanism that helps an email recipient visually distinguish between legitimate and phishing emails. With Google officially supporting BIMI in July 2021, the approach shows signs of spreading worldwide. With these backgrounds, we conduct an extensive measurement of the adoption of BIMI and its configuration. The results of our measurement study revealed that, as of November 2022, 3,538 out of the one million most popular domain names have a set BIMI record, whereas only 396 (11%) of the BIMI-enabled domain names had valid logo images and verified mark certificates. The study also revealed the existence of several misconfigurations in such logo images and certificates.
Transformationen
Authors: Stübe Raphael
Published: March 2023

Über die Wiederkehr einer literarischen Romantik wurde um 1900 intensiv diskutiert. Welches Wissen genau mitschwingt, sobald von neuer Romantik und Neuromantik im zeitgenössischen Kontext die Rede ist, wird in diesem Kapitel diskursnah rekonstruiert. In einer ersten Phase (1890–1896) werden die Vorbilder und Voraussetzungen ausgemacht, die das Romantische erneut attraktiv machen: Neben Hermann Bahr sind Maurice Maeterlinck und Jens Peter Jacobsen dabei von entscheidender, internationaler Bedeutung. Erst in einer zweiten Phase (1896–1904) taucht das Schlagwort der ‚Neuromantik‘ auf, geprägt von dem Kulturvermittler Henri Albert, um vor allem im deutschsprachigen Raum Karriere zu machen: Ricarda Huch, Eugen Diederichs, Hugo von Hofmannsthal u. a. prägen den Begriff auf jeweils eigene Weise, wobei auch nationalpatriotische Stimmen Romantik als eine genuin deutsche Bewegung zu besetzen versuchen. Ablehnungen und Überwindungsversuche prägen schließlich die dritte und letzte Phase (1904–1910), in der mithilfe von kritischen Analysen zur Neoromantik eine weitere, nächste Phase der internationalen Kulturentwicklung eingeleitet werden soll. In einem überblickenden Fazit zeigt sich, dass die Debatten um neue Romantik insgesamt darum bemüht sind, das Ironische und Selbstreflexive an der Romantik abzustreifen und so eine Umwertung des Romantik-Begriffs für die 20. Jahrhundert vorbereiten.
Perioperative Ängste und die Angst vor dem Tod
Authors: Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Zogas Hannah , Zogas Georgios , Juckel Georg , Heuer Jan-Florian
Published: March 2023

In der Anästhesiologie wird man häufig mit Patienten konfrontiert, die unter perioperativen Ängsten und speziell der Angst vor dem Tod leiden, dies gilt jedoch nicht nur für die Anästhesiologie, sondern auch für die Psychiatrie und die Psychotherapie. Bislang ist die Literaturlage hierzu begrenzt, und daher werden diesem Übersichtsartikel die wichtigsten Arten von perioperativer Angst, diagnostische Aspekte sowie Risikofaktoren thematisiert. Anxiolytisch werden klassischerweise Benzodiazepine eingesetzt, in den letzten Jahren ist jedoch die präoperative Angst reduzierende Wirkung von z. B. supportiven Gesprächen, Akupunktur, Aromatherapie und Entspannungsverfahren stärker in den Fokus geraten, da Benzodiazepine unter anderen ein postoperatives Delir mit Zunahme von Morbidität und Mortalität fördern. Perioperative Ängste vor dem Tod sollten jedoch klinisch und wissenschaftlich verstärkt in den Blick genommen werden, um nicht nur die Patienten präoperativ besser versorgen, sondern auch um nachteilige Folgen im Verlauf von Operationen und danach reduzieren zu können.
Work expectations, their fulfillment, and exhaustion among radiologists of all career levels: what can be learned from the example of Germany
Authors: Molwitz Isabel , Kemper Christoph , Stahlmann Katharina , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Sieren Malte Maria , Afat Saif , Gerwing Mirjam , Bucher Andreas Michael , Storz Corinna , Langenbach Marcel C. , Reim Martin , Lotz Joachim , Zagrosek-Regitz Vera , Can Elif , Köhler Daniel , Yamamura Jin , Adam Gerhard , Hamm Bernd , Keller Sarah
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To evaluate work expectations of radiologists at different career levels, their fulfillment, prevalence of exhaustion, and exhaustion-associated factors.

Methods

A standardized digital questionnaire was distributed internationally to radiologists of all career levels in the hospital and in ambulatory care via radiological societies and sent manually to 4500 radiologists of the largest German hospitals between December 2020 and April 2021. Statistics were based on age- and gender-adjusted regression analyses of respondents working in Germany (510 out of 594 total respondents).

Results

The most frequent expectations were “joy at work” (97%) and a “good working atmosphere” (97%), which were considered fulfilled by at least 78%. The expectation of a “structured residency within the regular time interval” (79%) was more frequently judged fulfilled by senior physicians (83%, odds ratio (OR) 4.31 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.95–9.52]), chief physicians (85%, 6.81 [95% CI 1.91–24.29]), and radiologists outside the hospital (88%, 7.59 [95% CI 2.40–24.03]) than by residents (68%). Exhaustion was most common among residents (physical exhaustion: 38%; emotional exhaustion: 36%), in-hospital specialists (29%; 38%), and senior physicians (30%; 29%). In contrast to paid extra hours, unpaid extra hours were associated with physical exhaustion (5–10 extra hours: OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.54–4.19]). Fewer opportunities to shape the work environment were related to a higher probability of physical (2.03 [95% CI 1.32–3.13]) and emotional (2.15 [95% CI 1.39–3.33]) exhaustion.

Conclusions

While most radiologists enjoy their work, residents wish for more training structure. Ensuring payment of extra hours and employee empowerment may help preventing burnout in high-risk groups.

Key Points

• Most important work expectations of radiologists who work in Germany are “joy at work,” a “good working atmosphere,” “support for further qualification,” and a “structured residency within the regular time interval,” with the latter containing potential for improvement according to residents.

• Physical and emotional exhaustion are common at all career levels except for chief physicians and for radiologists who work outside the hospital in ambulatory care.

• Exhaustion as a major burnout criterion is associated with unpaid extra hours and reduced opportunities to shape the work environment.
Multivariate bias correction of regional climate model boundary conditions
Authors: Kim Youngil , Evans Jason P. , Sharma Ashish
Published: March 2023

Improving modeling capacities requires a better understanding of both the physical relationship between the variables and climate models with a higher degree of skill than is currently achieved by Global Climate Models (GCMs). Although Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are commonly used to resolve finer scales, their application is restricted by the inherent systematic biases within the GCM datasets that can be propagated into the RCM simulation through the model input boundaries. Hence, it is advisable to remove the systematic biases in the GCM simulations prior to downscaling, forming improved input boundary conditions for the RCMs. Various mathematical approaches have been formulated to correct such biases. Most of the techniques, however, correct each variable independently leading to physical inconsistencies across the variables in dynamically linked fields. Here, we investigate bias corrections ranging from simple to more complex techniques to correct biases of RCM input boundary conditions. The results show that substantial improvements in model performance are achieved after applying bias correction to the boundaries of RCM. This work identifies that the effectiveness of increasingly sophisticated techniques is able to improve the simulated rainfall characteristics. An RCM with multivariate bias correction, which corrects temporal persistence and inter-variable relationships, better represents extreme events relative to univariate bias correction techniques, which do not account for the physical relationship between the variables.
Combining microfluidic paper-based platform and metal–organic frameworks in a single device for phenolic content assessment in fruits
Authors: Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H. , Mesquita Raquel B. R. , Simó-Alfonso E. F. , Herrero-Martínez J. M. , Rangel António O. S. S.
Published: March 2023

A microfluidic paper-based device (µPAD) has been combined with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for total phenolic compounds (TPC) quantification in fruit samples for the first time. The performance of the µPAD, based upon the vertical flow approach, was enhanced in order to determine the TPC content with high accuracy in fruit samples. The method was based on the traditional Folin-Ciocalteu Index using gallic acid or oenotannin as reference phenolic compounds. This novel design and construction of the device are in agreement with the principles of Green Chemistry avoiding wax technology (lower toxicity). The analytical parameters that affect the colorimetric method (using digital imaging of the colored zone) performance were optimized including design, sample volume, and MOF amount. Then, the analytical features of the developed method were investigated such as dynamic range (1.6–30 mg L−1), limit of detection (0.5 mg L−1), and precision (RSD < 9%). Besides, the in-field analysis is achievable with a color stability up to 6 h after the loading process of the sample and storage stability for at least 15 days without performance losses (under vacuum at − 20 °C). Furthermore, the MOF ZIF-8@paper was characterized to study its composition and the successful combination. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated by determining the TPC in 5 fruit samples using oenotannin as reference solute. The accuracy was validated by comparison of the data with the results obtained with the recommended protocol proposed by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV).

Graphical Abstract
Genetics of nonlesional focal epilepsy in adults and surgical implications
Authors: Karge R. , Knopp C. , Weber Y. , Wolking S.
Published: March 2023

Nonlesional focal epilepsies (nlFE) represent a heterogenous group of syndromes. They encompass self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood and youth, rare focal, familial epilepsies, epilepsies associated with brain somatic variants, and to a large extent nonfamilial epilepsies that have a complex genetic or unknown background. Genetic testing should be performed in cases of a family history suggestive of monogenic inheritance and in cases that show additional symptoms, such as intellectual impairment, autism, or dysmorphic features. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing is the method of choice. Growing evidence suggests including genetic testing also in the presurgical workup of individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy. While individuals that harbor variants in genes of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway tend to achieve better seizure control following epilepsy surgery, the postsurgical outcome of genetic epilepsies associated with channel function or synaptic transmission appears to be poor. The aim of this article is to review the genetic background of focal epilepsies that occur or persist in adults, provide guidance for genetic testing, and discuss potential implications for presurgical evaluation.
Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Child Avoidance Measure
Authors: Simon Ellin , Bragt-de Jong Henriëtta J. , Butler Petra , Whiteside Stephen P. H.
Published: March 2023

Avoidance is considered a hallmark feature of child anxiety, but convenient measures are scarce. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Avoidance Measure (CAM) in a Dutch population, focusing mainly on the child-version. We included children 8 to 13 years old from a community sample (n = 63, longitudinal design) and a sample of high-anxious children (n = 92, cross-sectional design). Regarding the child-version, the internal consistencies were acceptable to good with moderate test-retest reliability. The validity analyses showed encouraging results. High-anxious children had higher avoidance scores than children from a community sample. Regarding the parent-version, both the internal consistency and test-retest validity were excellent. Overall, this study confirmed the sound psychometric properties and usefulness of the CAM. Future studies should focus on the psychometric properties of the Dutch CAM in a clinical sample, assess its ecological validity more extensively, and examine more psychometric features of the parent-version.
Simulating the GB power system frequency during underfrequency events 2018–19
Authors: Cooke Christian , Mestel Ben
Published: March 2023

Lightning hit a transmission power line outside London, England on 9 August 2019. There followed a loss of power from a cascade of generator outages that exceeded contingency reserves, leading to an exceptional fall in grid frequency causing widespread transport disruptions and the disconnection of over 1 m households. Simulating such events typically involves a system of differential equations representing the overall generation and load present at the time. A standard model based on the swing equation assumes unlimited capacity in aggregated resources, and the availability of these services throughout the duration of the frequency deviation. In simulating the effect of outages on the GB Grid frequency on 2019/8/9, the effect of limiting these services to the capacity of resources engaged during the event is examined. It is shown that by taking these refinements into account the timing and extent of the frequency nadir can be successfully estimated. Insight is gained into the responses of various grid characteristics and how they interact with unplanned generation imbalances. Using this adapted model, further events on the GB grid are examined to validate the influence of these features. With the model’s effectiveness validated, novel mitigating measures to preserve the stability of a low-inertia grid can be evaluated.
Targeting iron metabolism in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Zhao Jiazheng , Feng Helin
Published: March 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary solid malignant tumour of bone, with rapid progression and a very poor prognosis. Iron is an essential nutrient that makes it an important player in cellular activities due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons, and its metabolic abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases. The body tightly regulates iron content at the systemic and cellular levels through various mechanisms to prevent iron deficiency and overload from damaging the body. OS cells regulate various mechanisms to increase the intracellular iron concentration to accelerate proliferation, and some studies have revealed the hidden link between iron metabolism and the occurrence and development of OS. This article briefly describes the process of normal iron metabolism, and focuses on the research progress of abnormal iron metabolism in OS from the systemic and cellular levels.
A note on the supersolution method for Hardy’s inequality
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Brasco Lorenzo , Sk Firoj , Zagati Anna Chiara
Published: March 2023

We prove a characterization of Hardy’s inequality in Sobolev–Slobodeckiĭ spaces in terms of positive local weak supersolutions of the relevant Euler-Lagrange equation. This extends previous results by Ancona Kinnunen & Korte for standard Sobolev spaces. The proof is based on variational methods.
Generalizability of Abusive Language Detection Models on Homogeneous German Datasets
Authors: Seemann Nina , Lee Yeong Su , Höllig Julian , Geierhos Michaela
Published: March 2023

Abusive language detection has become an integral part of the research, as reflected in numerous publications and several shared tasks conducted in recent years. It has been shown that the obtained models perform well on the datasets on which they were trained, but have difficulty generalizing to other datasets. This work also focuses on model generalization, but – in contrast to previous work – we use homogeneous datasets for our experiments, assuming that they have a higher generalizability. We want to find out how similar datasets have to be for trained models to generalize and whether generalizability depends on the method used to obtain a model. To this end, we selected four German datasets from popular shared tasks, three of which are from consecutive GermEval shared tasks. Furthermore, we evaluate two deep learning methods and three traditional machine learning methods to derive generalizability trends based on the results. Our experiments show that generalization is only partially given, although the annotation schemes for these datasets are almost identical. Our findings additionally show that generalizability depends solely on the (combinations of) training sets and is consistent no matter what the underlying method is.