bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System Lag: Re-Building the Collective Governance of Information Technology
Authors: Hayward Mark
Published: June 2024

Building on the history of how information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are governed in higher education, this article situates the adoption and implementation of information technology in relation to the on-going corporatisation of the university ??? a trend entailing
both the growth of the administrative cadre and a reduction in power of collegial governance. Tracing the appropriation of processes and concepts from the study and implementation of IS in the private sector, it is argued that the adoption of IS has supported new technology in a manner that
evades formalised collective deliberation and decision-making on campus. In the conclusion, it is argued that the history of collegial IT governance ‐ now mostly forgotten ‐ should be recovered with the aim of developing an effective mechanism for the sharing of information about,
and development of an effective strategy for responding to, how new technologies affect the varied constituencies present on campus.
Reclaiming the Public University: What Role for Higher Education Workers and Trade Unions?
Authors: Stevenson Howard
Published: June 2024

Industrial action in the UK higher education sector since 2018 has shone a light on the multiple crises that impact the system. Universities had already been badly affected by the imposition of a tuition fee funding model and aggressive marketisation, but increasingly find themselves
at the centre of the new culture wars. There is growing state interest in the activities of academics and interventions into actions on university campuses. In an age of colliding crises, the traditional role of the public university is increasingly being questioned. In recent years these
developments have been paralleled by industrial action by the University and College Union (UCU) whose members have been in disputes with university employers over pensions, pay and working conditions. In this article I argue that this industrial action represented an important struggle over
the material conditions of university workers, but it also represented a more fundamental, if often implicit, challenge to academic capitalism and the neoliberal university. However, despite an important victory in relation to pensions for workers in some universities, the outcome of the sector-wide
dispute on pay and working conditions must be considered as a defeat. In the article I offer an explanation for this setback, and assess whether, and in what ways, a trade union like UCU can contribute to a radical reclaiming, and reinvention, of the public university.
‘I Have a Folder in My Email Called Hate Mail’: Academic Public Engagement, Digital Hate and the Unequally Distributed Risks of Visibility
Authors: Yelin Hannah , Clancy Laura
Published: June 2024

Public engagement through ‘traditional’ and social media is an increasingly important way for scholars to communicate research with wider audiences, with academics encouraged to maintain a public profile to disseminate work. This has important activist potential for radical
knowledge production, but only if all voices can participate on equal, safe terms. Existing work on digital hate rarely accounts for the diversity of the academic community, and therefore we cannot adequately account for how certain voices are being excluded from public debate. Drawing on
data from eighty-five survey responses and thirteen in-depth interviews with UK academics across disciplines, this article argues that the risks of visibility are unevenly distributed in ways that exacerbate harm to already marginalised groups. Our data challenges popular notions that visibility
is its own reward. We demonstrate how visibility exposes academics to the kinds of online misogyny, racism, ableism, classism, xenophobia, homophobia, fatphobia and transphobia that characterise cultures of online hate. We reflect upon how academics in the ‘wrong’ body are denied
intellectual authority in public debate through abuse targeting their intersectional identities and right to belong. Our data finds that digital hate not only affects academics’ careers, but also causes significant physical and mental harms that seep into academics’ personal lives.
There cannot be meaningful, radical potential in public knowledge sharing if we cannot protect those most at risk of harm in the process.
Teaching and Learning About the Transgender Population: Student Reflections
Authors: Paradiso Catherine , Curcio Danna L. L. , Brillhart Susan J. , Arca-Contreras Karen , Macchiarola Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Background

Decreasing the disparities in health care for transgender people requires nursing to expand its knowledge base about the population. There is limited research and information about curricula integration inclusive of this population, yet much is written about the gap in nursing knowledge and education. There may be insufficient opportunities to expose students to the population as patients; therefore, creative education strategies are necessary.

Method

An innovative multimodal education process was implemented in an urban university setting to expose undergraduate nursing students to the population. Lecture, video, live testimonial, and panel discussion were used. Class reflections and survey data revealed three qualitative narrative reflections.

Results

Students reported awareness of how to improve their interactions with this population, appreciation for the experience, and meaningfulness of the experience.

Conclusion

The experience brought students closer to understanding the need in providing equitable and appropriate care. Multiple modes of teaching were successful in the affective learning domain. More research in ways to enhance nursing education is necessary.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(12):857–864.]
Rapid Resolution of Serous Retinal Detachment in Morning Glory Disc Anomaly With Oral Acetazolamide Treatment
Authors: Lee Junyoung , Byon Iksoo , Kwon Han Jo
Published: June 2024

Morning glory disc anomaly is a rare congenital anomaly affecting the optic disc and is frequently associated with retinal detachment. This report presents a unique case of a 10-year-old boy with morning glory disc anomaly and serous retinal detachment, treated with oral acetazolamide. Remarkably, half of the retina exhibiting bullous detachment was reattached leading to full recovery of vision within a few days after starting acetazol-amide treatment. There was no recurrence after discontinuation of medication. Oral acetazolamide can be considered an alternative treatment option for retinal detachment associated with morning glory disc anomaly of non-rhegmatogenous origin.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:415–417.]
An overdetermined problem for elliptic equations
Authors: Kalmenov Tynysbek , Kakharman Nurbek
Published: June 2024

This paper is devoted to finding a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the overdetermined problem for Poisson's equation with both the Dirichlet and Neumann conditions on the entire boundary. The proof is based on the boundary condition formula for the Newton potential. The obtained results are also extended to general second-order linear elliptic equations. As a byproduct, we present a characterization of the Schiffer property. It gives a definitive answer to the Schiffer problem.
Independencia y proyección internacional de Brasil. Reflexiones a propósito de una mirada histórica desde Uruguay
Authors: Caetano Gerardo
Published: June 2024

Los impactos de la independencia del Brasil y de
su despliegue posterior a lo largo del siglo XIX y de comienzos del XX
fueron muy fuertes en sus países vecinos de América del Sur, con
consecuencias mayores en el caso de Uruguay, dada su pequeñez sobre
todo demográfica y su ubicación geopolítica como Estado frontera entre
Brasil y Argentina. El texto propuesto propone examinar la mirada
uruguaya sobre el proceso de independencia de Brasil y su experiencia
política moderna, poniendo en cuestión algunos tópicos clásicos de los
orígenes del Brasil independiente (su herencia imperial, su fundación
horizontal, las peculiaridades de su influjo sobre los Estados
vecinos, entre otros). Asimismo, en el texto se examinarán los
múltiples impactos de ese proceso en el marco paralelo de la
constitución progresiva del Estado uruguayo desde la Colonia hasta los
comienzos del siglo XX, con la consideración de numerosos hitos de
interacción e influencia. A partir de esa hoja de ruta, se culmina con
una parte final que registra de manera sintética algunos desafíos de
“larga duración” de esa marca originaria en las relaciones asimétricas
de Brasil y Uruguay en la región.
From Performance to Literature and Cinema: Adivasi Art and Activism, with a Focus on Eastern India
Authors: Rousseleau Raphaël
Published: June 2024

Activist art is a rather recent development within contemporary art, articulating reflections on artistic expression, art commodification, and political criticism. When it comes to Adivasi arts, however, one tends to think of dances or of Gond and Warli paintings of trees and animals. This article seeks to explore the confluence between Adivasi art and activism, while addressing what could be referred to as the “triple bond” of Adivasi artists. Contemporary Indian artists already face a sort of double bond in the sense that they tend to be recognized either as “contemporary artists” or as “Indian artists.” The position of Adivasi artists is further complicated (Rousseleau 2017) by the fact that they belong to an economically disadvantaged cultural minority within India (Scheduled Tribes). Inasmuch as they tend to be labeled according to their origins, Adivasi artists find themselves caught between stigma, an ascribed identity and their self-conception, thus facing three key issues: moral judgement, folklorization and appropriation, and identity conflicts. This article portrays the complex situation of contemporary Adivasi artists, drawing both on historic landmarks in developments in the way Adivasi arts—that is dancing and singing, theater, painting, literature, fiction and non-fiction films—are received, and on artists’ assertion of cultural and political identity.
Heart morphology and function evaluation by transthoracic echocardiography in six captive crested gibbons (Nomascus spp.)
Authors: Vonfeld Irène , Nowakowski Anaïs , Lefaux Brice , Quintard Benoît
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in captive apes. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most comprehensive cardiovascular imaging technique used to diagnose and monitor cardiopathies in mammals. However, there are currently no baseline data of heart morphology and function in hylobatid primates. Conventional transthoracic echocardiograms were performed on six clinically healthy crested gibbons of three species (Nomascus siki, N. leucogenys and N. gabriellae) under general anesthesia using sevoflurane without premedication. Each echocardiogram included the evaluation of 11 variables in bidimensional mode, 8 variables in M-Mode and 6 variables in Doppler mode. Most functional parameters evaluated, like left ventricular ejection fraction (range, 49.3 to 72.4%), shortening fraction (SF; range, 18.9 to 34.5%), left atrium/aorta ratio (range, 0.8 to 1.2), and maximal velocity of aortic, pulmonic, and mitral flows had similar values as those described in gorillas, dogs, and humans. Valvular insufficiencies were detected in two of the six individuals evaluated: one adult female N. siki was diagnosed with a discrete aortic regurgitation and one young male N. leucogenys with a mild mitral valve insufficiency. The mitral valve regurgitation was associated with a low-grade systolic heart murmur, but no further morphological changes of heart chambers were identified in these animals. Finally, a decreased heart contractility (SF = 18.9%) was diagnosed in one female N. gabriellae. This study is the first database transthoracic echocardiography in gibbons undergoing general anesthesia.
Mobilizing rurality in peri-urban water contestation: A case from Dhulikhel, a lower Himalaya town of Nepal
Authors: Devkota Kamal , Khatri Dil , Loopmans Maarten
Published: June 2024

While urbanization is a global phenomenon, it is now more rapid in the countries in the Global South. Municipal authorities of burgeoning peri-urban areas in the lower Himalaya region are struggling to deal with the new geographies of water demand. Rapidly growing towns primarily access water from upstream rural water sources, while upstream communities themselves are increasing their water consumption as they gradually integrate in the peri-urban area themselves. This ‘reorganization’ of water has intensified contestation between upstream rural communities and downstream urban authorities. This paper examines the different narratives mobilized in the contestation of water transfer projects to the rapidly growing town of Dhulikhel in Nepal. Our analysis deploys Follman’s three perspectives on peri-urbanity to throw light on these discourses. From a transitional perspective, it shows how peri-urbanization heightens water demands across the peri-urban zone and heightens competition between water users. A territorial perspective questions the administrative subdivision of the peri-urban region, and its effects on the way water users envision water sharing as restricted within territorial boundaries. Finally, a third, functional perspective reveals how in more rural municipalities, the traditional rural character is emphasized to claim priority in the access to water, thereby giving rise to a divisive identity politics. From this analysis, we argue that peri-urbanization is a dynamic process shaped not merely by urban expansion, but by the interactions between rural and urban communities and functions. While increasingly integrated, peri-urban territories, by intensifying competition for resources, are also a fertile ground for a re-assertion of rural identities and rural-urban binaries.
Réflexions sur la dimension « politique » de l'enseignement agricole pour la transition écologique de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation
Authors: Beaurain Christophe , Carnoy Vanessa
Published: June 2024

Depuis le xixe siècle, l’enseignement agricole accompagne les mutations du secteur agricole. Ce dernier est aujourd’hui confronté aux enjeux de création et de transmission de nouveaux savoirs répondant à l’impératif de transition écologique qui s’impose à lui. Dans cet article, nous tentons d’ouvrir une réflexion sur les apports possibles de la prise en compte d’une dimension « politique » de l’enseignement agricole, en définissant celle-ci par les évolutions nécessaires dans le rapport social à la Terre. Nous cherchons à comprendre les innovations introduites par cette dimension pour le processus de composition d’une action collective. Le détour par la théorie de l’acteur-réseau permet de préciser le rôle spécifique de l’enseignement agricole dans le déploiement du réseau d’acteurs constitué pour répondre au problème posé par la transition de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation.
Une approche genrée du curriculum de la formation à « produire autrement » : historisation des masculinités agricoles
Authors: Caudron Fournier Manon
Published: June 2024

Dans les mondes agricoles, comme dans d’autres secteurs, les identités de genre sont étroitement liées aux identités professionnelles, et plus particulièrement aux pratiques et techniques. La mise à mal des modèles d’exploitations agricoles, issus de la modernisation agricole, entraine des rénovations des référentiels de formation agricole, et notamment celle de la réforme de la formation BP REA « produire autrement » en 2018. L’objet de cet article est de voir comment le curriculum de la formation est porteur de masculinités agricoles et comment cette injonction à « produire autrement » vient inscrire une nouvelle masculinité hégémonique à atteindre pour le public en formation, majoritairement composé de fils d’agriculteurs. C’est à travers la mise en représentation du métier pour les héritiers agricoles que le curriculum de la formation BP REA dessine un ensemble souhaitable d’attentes et de pratiques qui reviennent au ‘masculin’, c’est-à-dire les contours d’une masculinité hégémonique. Avec la réforme de 2018, nous faisons l’hypothèse d’un changement de paradigme quant à la mise en représentation du métier d’agriculteur, et donc d’une nouvelle configuration de pratiques idéales associées au ‘masculin’. Lorsque l’on passe de Responsable d’Exploitation à d’Entreprise, la technique devient une nécessité de la nouvelle valeur dominante : la gestion. Ainsi en réponse à l’injonction à « produire autrement », le curriculum évolue et met en avant une nouvelle masculinité hégémonique à atteindre pour les héritiers agricoles à travers la figure de l’« agri-manageur du vivant », où il s’agit de « produire autrement », et notamment du « résultat ».
hortulus – ein Schweizer ›Avantgärtchen‹. Hans Rudolf Hilty und die Formation der literarischen Avantgarde in den 1950er Jahren
Authors: Wieland Magnus
Published: June 2024

Der Beitrag behandelt die von Hans Rudolf Hilty über zehn Jahre geführte Schweizer Literatur-Zeitschrift hortulus (1951-1964). Sie galt als „Bastion der damaligen Avantgarde“, was aus heutiger Sicht nicht mehr selbstverständlich erscheint. Die Zeitschrift soll deshalb als literarisches Biotop der Nachkriegs-Moderne beschrieben und zugleich soll nachvollzogen werden, wie sich in ihr ein neues Verständnis progressiver und avantgardistischer Dichtung hervorbildete. Der Fokus richtet sich dabei weniger auf die publizierten Texte als auf den begleitenden Rahmendiskurs, der Hilty zur Begründung und Legitimierung seines Unternehmens führte.
Avantgardistische Verfahren im (Früh-)Werk Julian Schuttings – Annäherungen in Ausschnitten
Authors: Prandstätter Hanna
Published: June 2024

Julian Schutting ist nicht der erste Name, der einem in den Sinn kommt, denkt man an die Literatur der österreichischen Nachkriegsavantgarde, und doch wird sein literarisches Werk in Rezensionen oder Autorenportraits kontinuierlich als avantgardistisch bezeichnet, bzw. in diesem Umfeld wahrgenommen. Ist diese Zuschreibung von Rezeptionsseite nun einzig auf pauschale, meist kaum begründete Versuche der Kategorisierung eines schwer fassbaren Autors zurückzuführen, oder lassen sich mit dem Begriff des Avantgardistischen doch fruchtbare Annäherungen an das Schutting´sche Œuvre finden? Ein Blick in die Theorie der Avantgarde(n) mit speziellem Fokus auf die literarische Szene in Österreich ab den 1950er Jahren soll zu einer Klärung der Begrifflichkeiten beitragen. Die Untersuchung des Werks Julian Schuttings hinsichtlich avantgardistischer Formen und Einflüsse kann, aufgrund der Fülle des Materials nur auf einzelne Ausschnitte fokussieren. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dem Frühwerk beigemessen: einerseits den mitunter ersten Schreibversuchen, andererseits den ersten Publikationen der frühen 1970er Jahre.
Avantgarde-Variationen. Die Aktionsgruppe Banat und die junge deutschsprachige Literatur Rumäniens in den 1970er Jahren
Authors: Graur Patrick
Published: June 2024

Dieser Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel der Aktionsgruppe Banat die Voraussetzungen, die Entstehung und Einhegung einer avantgardistischen Literatur in den deutschsprachigen Gebieten Rumäniens. Steht in den meisten Beiträgen zu diesem Thema die Publikation der Aktionsgruppe aus dem Jahr 1974 im Vordergrund, wird hier der Fokus auf die Anbahnungen und bereits bestehenden Strukturen in den Jahren zuvor gesetzt. Umgekehrt weist die Sammelpublikation Wire Wegbereiter in der Neuen Literatur (4/1974) auf die Grenzen und Gefahren avantgardistischer Literatur für diesen spezifischen Raum (die sozialistische Diktatur Rumäniens) und diese spezifische Zeit (Mitte der 1970er Jahre) hin. Der Beitrag weitet somit den Blick auf die frühe Phase der späteren Aktionsgruppe und ordnet sie in den kulturhistorischen Kontext ein. Gleichzeitig versteht er die Veröffentlichungen der Aktionsgruppe Banat und ihres Umfelds als Selbstinszenierungen einer neuen Literaturszene.
Das Kunstwerk sous rature. Erasure Poetry als appropriierende Meta-Kunst in der Tradition der Avantgarden
Authors: Bornfleth Alexa
Published: June 2024

„meine Grille / / macht […] das Haus / / auß“: So lautet ein Versfragment, das im Erasure-Poetry-Band sonne from ort von Uljana Wolf und Christian Hawkey in Sonett IV übrig bleibt. Die sogenannte Erasure Poetry streicht einen bestehenden Prätext aus, appropriiert ihn und setzt somit den herkömmlichen Begriff vom ‚Kunstwerk‘ sous rature. Mit dieser Meta-Kunst steht sie in der Tradition der historischen Avantgarden, in deren Collagen, Readymades und Performances ihre Vorläufer zu finden sind. In Sonett IV aus sonne from ort lassen sich bereits die Merkmale erkennen, welche damals wie heute avantgardistische Meta-Kunst ausmachen: Die ausgefallene Idee, „meine Grille“, „macht das Haus auß“ – sie ist wesenhaft, aber sie macht den Prätext auch kaputt, das Gedicht ist also als emanzipatorisches Anti-Werk konzipiert. Die Grille als Tier repräsentiert die unterlegene Stimme, welche das Werk appropriiert. Anhand von Anti-Werkhaftigkeit und Appropriation und am Beispiel von Sonett IV aus sonne from ort soll im Beitrag gezeigt werden, welche Merkmale der Gegenwartsliteratur avantgardistisch sind, welche Verdienste die historischen Avantgarden für die Gegenwartslyrik geleistet haben und inwiefern Meta-Kunst zugleich innovative und reflexive Formen produziert.
Les écosavoirs comme révélateurs d’une transition agroécologie profonde
Authors: Javelle Aurélie
Published: June 2024

Un modèle d'agriculture développé au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle a amené à considérer les éléments naturels et les processus biophysiques comme des facteurs limitants pour atteindre un optimum de production. A l’inverse, aujourd’hui, des injonctions politiques valorisent le rôle de la biodiversité dans le processus de production par le développement notamment de l’agroécologie, ce qui soulève de nouveaux enjeux dans les systèmes productifs notamment en termes de savoirs à mobiliser. Nous présentons dans quelle mesure les écosavoirs répondent aux exigences soulevées par la mise en œuvre de l’agroécologie. Nous examinerons tout d’abord les spécificités des écosavoirs ainsi que les raisons de leur pertinence face aux enjeux de l’écologisation des pratiques. Nous explorerons ensuite les changements paradigmatiques d’ampleur que nécessite leur usage et les difficultés que cela induit, entre une interrogation des rapports à la nature, le besoin de désapprentissage de ses certitudes et la mobilisation du corps.
L’accompagnement à l’orientation par les professeurs principaux de Terminale
Authors: Lehner Paul , Pin Clément
Published: June 2024

Cet article interroge au prisme du concept de mandat les conditions sociales et l’effectivité de l’élargissement du rôle des professeurs principaux en matière d’orientation. Après avoir resitué le mandat dans sa configuration historico-politique, l’article examine la fréquence et la nature de l’accompagnement fourni aux élèves et le degré d’engagement des enseignants. À partir de ces deux axes, l’article esquisse une typologie de quatre figures d’accompagnement.
Les enseignants de lycée à l’épreuve de l’éducation à l’orientation
Authors: Pannier Chloé , Michaut Christophe
Published: June 2024

En France, la loi « Orientation et Réussite des Étudiants » du 8 mars 2018 a créé la plateforme Parcoursup et renforcé le rôle des enseignants du secondaire dans l’accompagnement à l’orientation des jeunes. Non formés à cela, ces derniers ont pourtant à composer avec cette mission et les nouveautés induites par la plateforme qui fait l’objet de vives critiques en raison notamment des inégalités qu’elle génère. Les potentiels ajustements nécessaires pour y faire face questionnent alors l’identité professionnelle des enseignants du secondaire. La recherche s’intéresse à la façon dont ces derniers acceptent ou résistent à la réforme au prisme de sa réception et de sa mise en œuvre. 23 enseignants de lycée ont été interrogés dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs compréhensifs. Les résultats révélent un manque de formation et de compétences en la matière chez les enquêtés. Ces derniers se sentent illégitimes et demeurent incertains quant aux effets que leur accompagnement peut avoir sur le parcours des élèves. Malgré leurs perceptions convergentes en matière d’orientation, ces derniers réinterprètent et s’ajustent à cette mission en fonction de leur ancienneté, de leur discipline et du contexte de leur établissement. Ils sont amenés à opérer un « bricolage » pour s’adapter au mieux aux injonctions.
Enseigner en intégrant l’urgence climatique : propos d’enseignant·es en formation
Authors: Balslev Kristine , Naef Lora
Published: June 2024

Face aux défis du réchauffement climatique impactant probablement fortement la génération actuellement sur les bancs de l’école, le rôle de cette dernière est questionné par des enseignantes et enseignants soutenant les mouvements de jeunes, comme la grève du climat. Une recherche-formation destinée à des enseignant·es souhaitant développer et partager leurs pratiques pour y intégrer l’urgence climatique est décrite et les discours, produits dans ce cadre, analysés. De cette analyse se dégagent plusieurs thématiques fortes, notamment sous forme de préoccupations et de pistes projetées. Les propos des enseignant·es sont discutés à la lumière de courants visant à faire de l’environnement un sujet scolaire existant depuis les années 1970. Les résultats mettent en lumière la diversité et la richesse des activités proposées et le fort engagement qu’offrent ces enseignant·es pour intégrer l’urgence climatique dans leurs pratiques. Ils pointent également le rôle paradoxal accordé aux élèves, passant du rôle de moteur à celui de frein à l’engagement.
Les savoirs professionnels des conseille.r.e.s principaux/(p)ales d’éducation débutant.e.s construits dans un dispositif de formation en situation de travail, en matière de régulation de l’équipe de vie scolaire
Authors: Javier Claude
Published: June 2024

Les savoirs professionnels des conseillers principaux d’éducation débutants (CPES) demeurent une question peu documentée. Aussi, dans cet article, nous souhaitons identifier les savoirs professionnels construits par les CPES en matière de régulation de l’équipe de vie scolaire, lors de leur participation à un dispositif de formation en situation de travail. Le texte présente une partie des résultats d’une recherche-intervention menée dans le cadre de la formation des CPE tuteurs chargés d’accompagner les CPES. Nous exposons tout d’abord les tensions relatives à l’apprentissage de la régulation de l’équipe de vie scolaire pour les CPES. Après avoir précisé l’ancrage dans une approche sociocognitive des apprentissages et explicité la méthodologie de recherche, l’article présente les principaux résultats. Il apparait que les CPES partagent la conception d‘un management basé sur une éthique du care, adossé à une visée participative et formative. Cette orientation des pratiques professionnelles peut être génératrice de tensions.
Are invasive postmortem examinations still the ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing the cause of death?
Authors: Herath J. C. , Herath U. R.
Published: June 2024

For many years, the foundations of both its art and science in medicine grew from the observations made at the autopsy table. The observations of the pathologists formed the pathologic basis and manifestations of disease, which further advanced the development of therapeutics. For most of the 18th and 19th centuries, morbid anatomy (autopsy pathology) was considered the science of medicine. Today, the autopsy and the knowledge that derives from it do not hold the position they once did in the profession’s history. There is a belief among the medical community a complete autopsy is necessary to find out the answers when someone dies. In some jurisdictions, the forensic pathology community is reluctant to follow the targeted or minimally invasive approach in postmortem examinations due to a lack of understanding of the process. With a complete external examination, trace evidence collection, total body computed tomography (CT) scan, and minimally invasive/targeted dissection with a collection of samples for further analysis, almost all answers can be provided in hospital and medicolegal autopsy settings. We must collaborate with sister disciplines, such as experts in radiology and the legal community, to educate them on the importance of this new approach using advanced technology.Continuously evolving modern radiological imaging has remarkably increased the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Conventionally, when you hear the word postmortem examination, people think it includes an external examination and dissection of all body cavities. In the 21st century, most questions raised by the family, clinicians, the coroner (medical examiner), courts, and law enforcement agencies can be answered with a complete external examination of the body, total body CT scan +/- magnetic resonance imaging, and targeted dissection or minimally invasive approach incorporated with sample collection for further testing. This is cost-effective and can produce reviewable data.
Self-poisoning with drugs as a common suicide method among children and adolescents: a concise report from Zahedan, southeastern Iran
Authors: Ghiasi Zahra , Mirshekar Javad
Published: June 2024

Intentional poisoning by drugs and chemicals is a common emergency in Iran and is recognized as the third leading cause of suicide globally. This report focuses on the prevalence of suicide attempts through self-poisoning among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years, based on data collected from the children’s emergency room at Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan between 2009 and 2018. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach to examine all cases of children referred to the emergency department for suspected suicide attempts by self-poisoning. Data collection was comprehensive (census method), and analysis was conducted using SPSS software along with descriptive statistical techniques. Out of 45 documented suicide cases, 28 involved girls and 17 involved boys. Self-poisoning represented 23.07% of these cases. Most of these attempts occurred in the 15-18 age group and were predominantly reported in urban settings. The substances most commonly used for self-poisoning included sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. The findings indicate a significant prevalence of suicide attempts by self-poisoning among older children and adolescents, with a notable gender disparity favoring females. Urban areas showed higher rates of such incidents, suggesting possible socio-economic and cultural influences. The frequent use of prescription medications for self-poisoning underscores the urgent need for stricter control measures to limit access to these drugs among young populations. This study highlights critical aspects of suicide methods among children and adolescents in Zahedan, emphasizing the role of age, gender, and urban residency in influencing suicide attempts. It also calls for enhanced regulatory policies to prevent access to potentially lethal medications, aiming to reduce the incidence of suicide by self-poisoning in this vulnerable group.
Statistical errors in scientific research: A narrative review
Authors: Darling HS
Published: June 2024

Statistics is the backbone of scientific research. Statistical errors are an inevitable part of any study. A researcher needs to be aware of various types of statistical errors, their implications, and steps to minimize them. Essentially, statistical errors may creep into medical literature either by deriving false-positive or false-negative interpretations during analysis or through fallacies in data collection. Manipulation of statistical errors to derive one’s preferred conclusions from a study is unethical. We searched medical literature in databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for the articles published between July 2014 and June 2023 followed by abstract screening which led to the study of 8 full-length articles to gather the pertinent material. This review highlights many of the common statistical errors along with examples and suggested corrective actions.
An audit of metastatic tumors to the liver highlighting the spectrum of differential diagnosis: A retrospective study from a tertiary cancer center in North India
Authors: Singh Neha , Dhal Ipsita , Rajput Kirti , Chowdhury Zachariah , Patne Shashikant , Tripathi Parul , Patel Swapnil , Tripathi Mayank , Pandey Durgatosh , Sansar Bipinesh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Space-occupying lesions of the liver can broadly be divided into benign and malignant and further as primary and metastatic lesions. Among the malignant lesions of the liver, metastatic lesions of unknown primary origin present as one of the most common clinical dilemmas.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to study the histomorphological and immunohistochemical profiles of the secondaries to the liver. The secondary objective was to outline an approach toward an accurate diagnosis of the primary site and exclusion of the close differentials, especially in the case of round-cell tumors and spindle cell lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to September 2020 at the Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. All patients diagnosed with metastatic liver lesions were studied. The cases were reviewed for histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings, and the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

Results:

A total of 452 cases were studied, and the mean age was 54.8 ± 13.5 (standard deviation) years with the age ranging from 7 months to 88 years (median, 56; interquartile range, 46-65 years) with female (n = 243, 53.8%) predominance. Adenocarcinomas (n = 302, 66.8%), followed by neuroendocrine lesions (n = 63, 13.9%), were the most common histology, while melanoma (n = 2, 0.4%) was the least common. The common sites of the primary were pancreaticobiliary (n = 231, 51.1%), lung (n = 58, 12.8%), breast (n = 31, 6.9%), and colorectal (n = 20, 4.4%). Less frequent lesions involving the liver, such as spindle cell lesions, lymphomas, melanomas, and germ cell tumors, were also noted.

Conclusions:

The liver is one of the most common sites of metastasis from various organs. Adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor, amid which metastasis from the pancreaticobiliary tract is the most common site of primary. Hence, a stepwise approach of immunohistochemistry in conjunction with clinicoradiological assessment is necessary for an apt diagnosis and treatment.
Destructive cervical spine disease with concomitant chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Singh Suvir , Makkar Damandeep Singh , Sharma Rintu
Published: June 2024

A significant majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) present with chronic-phase disease and demonstrate an excellent long-term response to therapy. However, for patients presenting with advanced-phase disease, treatment modification in the form of second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or chemotherapy with allogeneic stem cell transplantation is indicated. To add to the literature, we report a patient who presented with atypical features with destructive cervical spine lesions, which required rapid assessment and surgical fixation to determine the disease stage and initiate appropriate therapy.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among B.Sc. Nursing Students in Mizoram during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lalramdini C. , Lalremsanga H. T. , Saikia Lukima , Malsawmtluanga H. T.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the education system was among the worst hit. The online education system was introduced, and students have to stay home surrounded by uncertainty of their future, leading to various levels of stress and the need to somehow cope with it.

Materials and Methods:

An online cross-sectional descriptive study involving 417 B.Sc. Nursing students were conducted between March 2, 2022 and March 8, 2022 to assess the perceived stress and coping mechanisms among Mizoram’s B.Sc. nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to ascertain the association between stress and coping with specific demographic variables. To assess the level of stress and coping strategies, respectively, Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of Covid-19 (PSS-10-C) and Modified Brief-Coping orientation to problems experienced Scale were used.

Results:

The majority of the participants 89% were female, whereas 10.1% were male. Most of the participants 89.2% resided in a hostel. A high level of stress is seen among 2.15% of the participants. The majority 83.7% have moderate stress levels and a low level of stress is seen among 14.15% of the participants. Perceived stress is higher among the females significantly at 0.02 and also among those who reside in the hostel at 0.02 level. Among the participants with high perceived stress levels, avoidance coping is most adopted by a mean value of 25.00 (5.61).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that there is a need for appropriate intervention for assisting the B.Sc. nursing students in stress management to adopt healthy coping strategies.
A Study Exploring Relationship between Risk Factors and Resilience among Youth
Authors: Kharpuri Fenny Leferty , Bhaskar Ramya
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

“Youth” is best understood as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. Of the 1.2 billion people live in India, 54% are <24 years of age. These young people are the futures of tomorrow. However, their lives today are ridden with anxieties, depressions, identity crisis, relationship break downs, conflicts, stress, and sensuality. Youth live in a society serene of a number of social spheres that influence their belief, attitudes, and behavior where the effect of risk behavior among youth can be seen in them being reckless. Youth lifestyles are of concern. Determining the risk behaviors in this age group is important for understanding how hazardous behavior shape their adult outcomes and identify resilience that will help them make better decisions and enhance the existing protective factors.

Aim:

This study aims to assess the relationship between risk behaviors and resilience among youths in the city of Coimbatore.

Setting and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on youth from schools and colleges, selected by random sampling, in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:

One thousand seven hundred and ten youth studying in various schools and colleges (F = 799 and M = 911) aged between 18 and 22 years were selected randomly for this study. Youth Risk Behavior Scale and Resilience Scale were administered to elicit the information from the selected youth.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The frequency and percentage were calculated to assess the level of risk behavior and resilience among youth. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to identify the significant relationship of risk with the resilient factors among youth. The data were subjected to the statistical analysis through SPSS 19.

Results:

The results highlighted that smoking, tobacco, alcohol, and self-medication risks were higher and all the aspects of resilience except for adaptability were found to be lower among youth. The “canonical correlation analysis” resulted in four canonical functions and where collectively the full model was statistically significant f (40, 7399) = 7.137, P = 0.000. These results emphasized the differential impact of risk on resilience among youth and in their functioning.

Conclusions:

The study emphasizes the differential impact of risk and resilience on the different aspects of youth functioning and supports the need for specificity in resilience research. Resilience can be practiced and youth may be educated to be resilient. Attention to risk factors at both individual and social levels is required to provide the fullest understanding of healthy youth and improve their well-being with enhanced resilience.
Ultrasound Diagnosed Fetal Hydranencephaly in the Prenatal Period
Authors: Oriaifo Bosede Belinda , Izevbekhai Stephen Ohikhuemei , Ahunanya Chukwudi Nnaedozie , Irabor Pamela Faith Isioma , Oshodin Evelyn
Published: June 2024

Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital encephalopathy characterized by a near complete absence of the cerebral cortical mantle and basal ganglia, with consequent replacement by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although hydranencephaly is an extremely rare congenital entity with an incidence <1/10,000 live births, there are no known gender or racial predilections. However, polyhydramnios is a recognized association. Brain infarction from bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion, fetal hypoxia, leukomalacia, and congenital infections have all been implicated as possible etiologies for this rare entity. Ultrasonography can be used for prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydranencephaly, assessment for possible associations, and to exclude the common differential diagnoses. The objective of this report is to present an extremely rare congenital encephalopathy diagnosed in utero in a pregnant patient at the third trimester using ultrasonography, to review pertinent literature about this condition, and to highlight the role of ultrasonography in making a diagnosis of hydranencephaly while excluding common differential diagnoses. This was a case of hydranencephaly diagnosed at the third trimester of gestation, precisely at 36 weeks (with a discrepancy in the sonographically estimated average fetal gestational age which was about 33 weeks) at the time of diagnosis in a Nigerian tertiary health facility. Sonography revealed a disproportionately large fetal cranium relative to other fetal parts, the absence of a large proportion of the cerebral cortical mantle, and its replacement with anechoic CSF. The falx cerebri was preserved. Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital entity. Its diagnosis can be unraveled in the prenatal period with the use of ultrasonography particularly in resource-poor centers in sub-Saharan Africa where advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are not readily available.
A systematic review of preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Haider Mahnur , Nur Yakub Ali , Syed Hareem , Khan Kashif
Published: June 2024

Background:

Extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review presents the current evidence available on the utility of a preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), assessed by its effect on surgical candidacy and postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery.

Methods:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched till 2022 to identify studies. Studies that reported characteristics and outcomes of participants with cirrhosis that had a TIPS inserted in preparation for extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, were included.

Results:

Twenty-one studies (292 patients) were included, of which three were comparative studies and the remaining case series or case reports. A TIPS was inserted in 190 patients prior to surgery. At least one clinical sign of portal hypertension identified by ascites, varices, and/or hepatic encephalopathy were present in all patients except one patient. Fifty eight percent had decompensated cirrhosis. TIPS insertion was successful in all patients. Eighty-nine percent of patients underwent surgery. The cumulative 30-day postoperative mortality was 2% (3/148). There were 97 complications reported in 168 patients (57%). In the three comparative studies, there was no difference in mortality or morbidity among patients who underwent TIPS prior to surgery compared to those who did not undergo TIPS prior to surgery.

Conclusion:

Preoperative TIPS has been used to improve surgical candidacy in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, while reducing complications of portal hypertension. However, there is not enough evidence to support that TIPS insertion prior to extrahepatic, abdominal surgery significantly improves surgical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and further studies are needed.
On the realization of a class of $\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$ representations
Authors: Yu Zhiqiang
Published: June 2024

Let

p<q

be odd primes and

\rho_{1}

and

\rho_{2}

be irreducible representations of

\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z}_{p})

and 

\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z}_{q})

of dimensions

\frac{p+1}{2}

and

\frac{q+1}{2}

, respectively. We show that if

\rho_{1}\oplus\rho_{2}

can be realized as a modular representation associated with a modular fusion category

\mathcal{C}

, then

q-p=4

. Moreover, if

\mathcal{C}

contains a non-trivial étale algebra, then

\mathcal{C}\boxtimes\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{Z}_{p},\eta)\cong\mathcal{Z}(\mathcal{A})

as a braided fusion category, where 

\mathcal{A}

is a near-group fusion category of type

(\mathbb{Z}_{p},p)

, which gives a partial answer to the conjecture of D. Evans and T. Gannon. We also show that there exists a non-trivial

\mathbb{Z}_{2}

-extension of

\mathcal{A}

that contains simple objects of Frobenius–Perron dimension

\frac{\sqrt{p}+\sqrt{q}}{2}

.
Safety and efficiency of Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell administration in patients with traumatic brain injury: First results of a phase I study
Authors: Kabatas Serdar , Civelek Erdinç , Boyalı Osman , Sezen Gülseli Berivan , Ozdemir Omer , Bahar-Ozdemir Yeliz , Kaplan Necati , Savrunlu Eyüp Can , Karaöz Erdal
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma, which can potentially cause severe physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. Stem cell transplantation has evolved as a novel treatment modality in the management of TBI, as it has the potential to arrest the degeneration and promote regeneration of new cells in the brain. Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have recently shown beneficial effects in the functional recovery of neurological deficits.

AIM

To evaluate the safety and efficiency of MSC therapy in TBI.

METHODS

We present 6 patients, 4 male and 2 female aged between 21 and 27 years who suffered a TBI. These 6 patients underwent 6 doses of intrathecal, intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous transplantation of WJ-MSCs at a target dose of 1 × 106/kg for each application route. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth scale (MAS), motor function according to the Medical Research Council Muscle Strength Scale, quality of life was assessed by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale and Karnofsky Performance Status scale.

RESULTS

Our patients showed only early, transient complications, such as subfebrile fever, mild headache, and muscle pain due to i.m. injection, which resolved within 24 h. During the one year follow-up, no other safety issues or adverse events were reported. These 6 patients showed improvements in their cognitive abilities, muscle spasticity, muscle strength, performance scores and fine motor skills when compared before and after the intervention. MAS values, which we used to assess spasticity, were observed to statistically significantly decrease for both left and right sides (P < 0.001). The FIM scale includes both motor scores (P < 0.05) and cognitive scores (P < 0.001) and showed a significant increase in pretest posttest analyses. The difference observed in the participants’ Karnofsky Performance Scale values pre and post the intervention was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This study showed that cell transplantation has a safe, effective and promising future in the management of TBI.