bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina
Authors: Jeong Seok Won , HwangBo Kwon , Lim Jong Min , Nam Seung Won , Lee Bong Soo , Jeong Byeong-ryool , Chang Yong Keun , Jeong Won-Joong , Park Youn-Il
Published: August 2020

In microalgae, photosynthesis provides energy and sugar phosphates for the biosynthesis of storage and structural carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous proteins. The oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis salina does not preferentially partition photoassimilates among cellulose, chrysolaminarin, and lipids in response to nitrogenous nutrient deprivation. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic impairment of the cellulose synthase gene (CesA) expression would lead to protein accumulation without the accumulation of storage C polymers in N. salina. Three cesA mutants were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Cell wall thickness and cellulose content were reduced in the cesA1 mutant, but not in cesA2 or cesA4 cells. CesA1 mutation resulted in a reduction of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipid contents, by 66.3% and 37.1%, respectively, but increased the soluble protein content by 1.8-fold. Further, N. salina cells with a thinned cell wall were susceptible to mechanical stress, resulting in a 1.7-fold enhancement of lipid extractability. Taken together, the previous and current studies strongly suggest the presence of a controlling mechanism that regulates photoassimilate partitioning toward C and N metabolic pathways as well as the cellulose metabolism as a potential target for cost-effective microalgal cell disruption and as a useful protein production platform.
Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration with Plant Stanol Esters to Reduce the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events at a Population Level: A Critical Discussion
Authors: Gylling Helena , Strandberg Timo E. , Kovanen Petri T. , Simonen Piia
Published: August 2020

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) cause every fifth death worldwide. However, it is possible to prevent the progression of ASCVDs by reducing circulating concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Recent large meta-analyses demonstrated that by reducing the dietary intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, it is possible to reduce the risk of ASCVD events. Plant stanols, as fatty-acid esters, were developed as a dietary adjunct to reduce LDL-C levels as part of a heart-healthy diet. They reduce cholesterol absorption so that less cholesterol is transported to the liver, and the expression of LDL receptors is upregulated. Ultimately, LDL-C concentrations are reduced on average by 9–12% by consuming 2–3 g of plant stanol esters per day. In this review, we discuss recent information regarding the prevention of ASCVDs with a focus on dietary means. We also present new estimates on the effect of plant stanol ester consumption on LDL-C levels and the risk of ASCVD events. Plant stanol esters as part of a heart-healthy diet plausibly offer a means to reduce the risk of ASCVD events at a population level. This approach is not only appropriate for subjects with a high risk of ASCVD, but also for subjects at an apparently lower risk to prevent subclinical atherosclerosis.
A Greater Flavonoid Intake Is Associated with Lower Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Katsiki Niki , Banach Maciej
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The links between flavonoid intake and mortality were previously evaluated in epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies evaluating the link of flavonoid consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort studies reporting flavonoid intake and mortality data published up to 30th April 2019 (without language restriction) were searched using PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE database. Generic inverse variance methods and random effects models were used to synthesize pooled and quantitative data. Sensitivity analysis was also performed by a leave-one-out method. Results: Overall, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria (nine studies were performed in Europe, five in the USA, one in Asia and one in Oceania); a total of 462,194 participants (all adults aged >19 years) with 23,473 mortality cases were included in the final analysis. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4.8 to 28 years. Most of the studies assessed flavonoid intake using food frequency questionnaires, whereas four studies used interviews and 1 study used 4-day food records. The meta-analysis showed that flavonoid consumption was inversely and significantly associated with total (relative risk (RR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.99) and cardiovascular disease mortality risk (RR: 0.85, 95%CI = 0.75–0.97), but not cancer (0.86, 95%CI = 0.65–1.14) mortality risk. These findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: The present findings highlight the potential protective role of flavonoids against total and cause-specific mortality. These results support the recommendations for flavonoid-rich foods intake to prevent chronic diseases.
VIMO: A Visual-Inertial-Magnetic Navigation System Based on Non-Linear Optimization
Authors: Wang Jingzhe , Li Leilei , Yu Huan , Gui Xunya , Li Zucheng
Published: August 2020

Visual-inertial navigation systems are credited with superiority over both pure visual approaches and filtering ones. In spite of the high precision many state-of-the-art schemes have attained, yaw remains unobservable in those systems all the same. More accurate yaw estimation not only means more accurate attitude calculation but also leads to better position estimation. This paper presents a novel scheme that combines visual and inertial measurements as well as magnetic information for suppressing deviation in yaw. A novel method for initializing visual-inertial-magnetic odometers, which recovers the directions of magnetic north and gravity, the visual scalar factor, inertial measurement unit (IMU) biases etc., has been conceived, implemented, and validated. Based on non-linear optimization, a magnetometer cost function is incorporated into the overall optimization objective function as a yawing constraint among others. We have done extensive research and collected several datasets recorded in large-scale outdoor environments to certify the proposed system’s viability, robustness, and performance. Cogent experiments and quantitative comparisons corroborate the merits of the proposed scheme and the desired effect of the involvement of magnetic information on the overall performance.
Analysis of the Pneumatic System Parameters of the Suction Cup Integrated with the Head for Harvesting Strawberry Fruit
Authors: Kurpaska Sławomir , Sobol Zygmunt , Pedryc Norbert , Hebda Tomasz , Nawara Piotr
Published: August 2020

Fruit and vegetable harvest efficiency depends on the mechanization and automation of production. The available literature lacks the results of research on the applicability of pneumatic end effectors among grippers for the robotic harvesting of strawberries. To determine their practical applications, a series of tests was performed. They included the determination of the morphological indicators of the strawberry, fruit suction force, the real stress exerted by fruit suckers and the degree of fruit damage. The fruits’ morphological indicators included the relationships between the weight and geometrical dimensions of the tested fruit, the equivalent diameter, and the sphericity coefficient. The fruit suction force was determined on a stand equipped with a vacuum pump, and control and measurement instruments, as well as a MTS 2 testing machine. The necrosis caused by tissue damage to the fruits by suction cup adhesion was assessed by counting the necrosis surface areas using the LabView programme. The assessment of the necrosis was conducted immediately upon the test’s performance, after 24 and after 72h. The stress values were calculated by referring the values of the suction forces obtained to the surface of the suction cup face. The tests were carried out with three constructions of suction cups and three positions of suction cup faces on the fruits’ surface. The research shows that there is a possibility for using pneumatic suction cups in robotic picking heads. The experiments performed indicate that the types of suction cups constructions, and the zones and directions of the suction cups’ application to the fruit significantly affect the values of the suction forces and stresses affecting the fruit. The surface areas of the necrosis formed depend mainly on the time that elapses between the test and their assessment. The weight of strawberry fruit in the conducted experiment constituted from 13.6% to 23.1% of the average suction force.
Future-Frame Prediction for Fast-Moving Objects with Motion Blur
Authors: Lee Dohae , Oh Young Jin , Lee In-Kwon
Published: August 2020

We propose a deep neural network model that recognizes the position and velocity of a fast-moving object in a video sequence and predicts the object’s future motion. When filming a fast-moving subject using a regular camera rather than a super-high-speed camera, there is often severe motion blur, making it difficult to recognize the exact location and speed of the object in the video. Additionally, because the fast moving object usually moves rapidly out of the camera’s field of view, the number of captured frames used as input for future-motion predictions should be minimized. Our model can capture a short video sequence of two frames with a high-speed moving object as input, use motion blur as additional information to recognize the position and velocity of the object, and predict the video frame containing the future motion of the object. Experiments show that our model has significantly better performance than existing future-frame prediction models in determining the future position and velocity of an object in two physical scenarios where a fast-moving two-dimensional object appears.
Glacier Surface Motion Estimation from SAR Intensity Images Based on Subpixel Gradient Correlation
Authors: Fang Li , Ye Zhen , Su Shu , Kang Jian , Tong Xiaohua
Published: August 2020

With the current extensive availability of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) datasets with high temporal (e.g., a repeat cycle of a few or a dozen days) and spatial resolution (e.g., in the order of ∼1 m), radar remote sensing possesses an increasing potential for the monitoring of glacier surface motion thanks to the nearly weather and time-independent advantages. This paper proposes a robust subpixel frequency-based image correlation method for dense matching and integrates the improved matching into a workflow of glacier surface motion estimation using SAR intensity images with specific pre-processing and post-processing steps. The proposed matching method combines complex edge maps and local upsampling in the frequency domain for subpixel intensity tracking, which ensure the accuracy and robustness of glacier surface motion estimation. Experiments were carried out with TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 images covering two glacier areas in pole and alpine regions. The results of the monitoring and investigation of glacier motion validate the feasibility and reliability of the presented motion estimation method based on subpixel gradient correlation. The comparative results using both simulated and real SAR data indicate that the proposed matching method outperforms commonly used correlation-based matching methods in terms of matching accuracy and the ability to obtain correct matches.
Greenwashing of Local Government: The Human-Caused Risks in the Process of Environmental Information Disclosure in China
Authors: Tang Yanhong , Yang Rui , Chen Yingwen , Du Mengjin , Yang Yichen , Miao Xin
Published: August 2020

The increasing occurrences of greenwashing pose great risks to environmental protection. The current studies mainly focused on corporate greenwashing, and few paid attention to the greenwashing of the local government (GLG), thus lacking methods to identify the risks of forming the GLG and finding practicable countermeasures. This paper tries to fill the research gap in the study of the GLG by analyzing human factors. Given that the GLG is in close relationship with environmental governance pressures related to environmental information disclosure (EID), this paper attempts to analyze the human-caused risks of forming the GLG in the process of EID. This work focused on the process analysis, examined the human causes that form the GLG in the stages of collecting, medium, and disseminating of environmental information (EI), and offered countermeasures embedded with resilience accordingly.
Integration of Environmental Sustainability Issues into the “Game Design Theory and Practice” Design Course
Authors: Hsieh Hsiu Ching Laura
Published: August 2020

International and Taiwanese research has suggested that education for sustainable development (ESD) requires interdisciplinary research and teaching. There is a lack of sustainable art and design courses in the field of humanities. We have learned that design students have neither a concern for the surrounding environment nor the ability to resolve social issues when teaching design. This study is intended to integrate sustainable development issues into design courses and apply design to resolve issues so that students can develop the ability to think creatively and solve environmental sustainability issues. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of integrating sustainable development issues into “Game Design Theory and Practice” design course and to construct a model of “design course on environmental sustainability.” This study applied the action research method and incorporated the PBL (problem-based learning) and ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation) modes. Ultimately, based on the results of course planning and implementation, we proposed the model of “design course on environmental sustainability,” with priorities given to: (1) The introduction of environmental sustainability issues; (2) the introduction of design methods by teachers; (3) the promotion of students’ participation in design thinking and discussion; (4) students’ adjustments to the design according to players’ feedback; and (5) interaction and communication between different characters. The results demonstrated that the integration of sustainable development issues into the planning and implementation of the “Game Design Theory and Practice” design course had positive effects. Game design could be used as a method and tool to encourage students and players to assume sustainable citizenship and to generate a concern for sustainable development in interesting game contexts. These findings can contribute to the future development of design education at colleges and universities.
COVID-19, the Climate, and Transformative Change: Comparing the Social Anatomies of Crises and Their Regulatory Responses
Authors: Lidskog Rolf , Elander Ingemar , Standring Adam
Published: August 2020

Despite forces struggling to reduce global warming growing stronger, there has been mixed success in generating substantive policy implementation, while the global spread of the coronavirus has prompted strong and far-reaching governmental responses around the world. This paper addresses the complex and partly contradictory responses to these two crises, investigating their social anatomies. Using temporality, spatiality, and epistemic authority as the main conceptual vehicles, the two crises are systematically compared. Despite sharing a number of similarities, the most striking difference between the two crises is the urgency of action to counter the rapid spread of the pandemic as compared to the slow and meager action to mitigate longstanding, well-documented, and accelerating climate change. Although the tide now seems to have turned towards a quick and massive effort to restore the status quo—including attempts to restart the existing economic growth models, which imply an obvious risk for substantially increasing CO2 emissions—the article finally points at some signs of an opening window of opportunity for green growth and degrowth initiatives. However, these signs have to be realistically interpreted in relation to the broader context of power relations in terms of governance configurations and regulatory strategies worldwide at different levels of society.
Herpes Simplex Virus Mistyping due to HSV-1 × HSV-2 Interspecies Recombination in Viral Gene Encoding Glycoprotein B
Authors: Casto Amanda M. , Huang Meei-Li W. , Xie Hong , Jerome Keith R. , Wald Anna , Johnston Christine M. , Greninger Alexander L.
Published: August 2020

Human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 and 2 are extremely common human pathogens with overlapping disease spectra. Infections due to HSV-1 and HSV-2 are distinguished in clinical settings using sequence-based “typing” assays. Here we describe a case of HSV mistyping caused by a previously undescribed HSV-1 × HSV-2 recombination event in UL27, the HSV gene that encodes glycoprotein B. This is the first documented case of HSV mistyping caused by an HSV-1 × HSV-2 recombination event and the first description of an HSV interspecies recombination event in UL27, which is frequently used as a target for diagnostics and experimental therapeutics. We also review the primer and probe target sequences for a commonly used HSV typing assay from nearly 700 HSV-1 and HSV-2 samples and find that about 4% of HSV-1 samples have a single nucleotide change in at least one of these loci, which could impact assay performance. Our findings illustrate how knowledge of naturally occurring genomic variation in HSV-1 and HSV-2 is essential for the design and interpretation of molecular diagnostics for these viruses.
SARS-CoV-2 Consensus-Sequence and Matching Overlapping Peptides Design for COVID19 Immune Studies and Vaccine Development
Authors: Olvera Alex , Noguera-Julian Marc , Kilpelainen Athina , Romero-Martín Luis , Prado Julia G. , Brander Christian
Published: August 2020

Synthetic antigens based on consensus sequences that represent circulating viral isolates are sensitive, time saving and cost-effective tools for in vitro immune monitoring and to guide immunogen design. When based on a representative sequence database, such consensus sequences can effectively be used to test immune responses in exposed and infected individuals at the population level. To accelerate immune studies in SARS-CoV-2 infection, we here describe a SARS-CoV-2 2020 consensus sequence (CoV-2-cons) which is based on more than 1700 viral genome entries in NCBI and encompasses all described SARS-CoV-2 open reading frames (ORF), including recently described frame-shifted and length variant ORF. Based on these sequences, we created curated overlapping peptide (OLP) lists containing between 1500 to 3000 peptides of 15 and 18 amino acids in length, overlapping by 10 or 11 residues, as ideal tools for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity. In addition, CoV-2-cons sequence entropy values are presented along with variant sequences to provide increased coverage of the most variable sections of the viral genome. The identification of conserved protein fragments across the coronavirus family and the corresponding OLP facilitate the identification of T cells potentially cross-reactive with related viruses. This new CoV-2-cons sequence, together with the peptides sets, should provide the basis for SARS-CoV-2 antigen synthesis to facilitate comparability between ex-vivo immune analyses and help to accelerate research on SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine development.
Assessment of Longitudinal Left Ventricle Deformation by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Obtained from Different Views in Cats
Authors: Caivano Domenico , Rishniw Mark , Baiona Lucia , Birettoni Francesco , Nisini Noemi , Porciello Francesco
Published: August 2020

Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a novel, angle-independent imaging technique useful to assess myocardial function by strain and strain rate analysis in human and veterinary medicine. Commonly, the left apical four-chamber (LAP4Ch) view is used to assess left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation in dogs and cats. However, the right parasternal four-chamber (RP4Ch) view is often more easily obtained than the LAP4Ch view in cats. No studies exist comparing longitudinal strain and strain rate values using STE from different echocardiographic views in cats. Therefore, we examined the agreement between RP4Ch and LAP4Ch for assessment of LV longitudinal strain and strain rate in cats. We acquired 2D echocardiographic cineloops from RP4Ch and LAP4Ch views and analyzed LV longitudinal strain and strain rate in 50 cats (31 healthy cats and 19 cats with different disease states) using XstrainTM software. Peak systolic strain and strain rate values of endocardial and epicardial border were used for the analysis. The two echocardiographic views were compared using limits-of-agreement analyses and intra-observer measurement variability was assessed. We could obtain longitudinal strain and strain rate from the RP4Ch view in all cats. Strain, but not strain rate, had good intra-observer measurement variability (<10% vs. <20%). However, only endocardial strain values obtained with the two views agreed sufficiently to be used interchangeably (95% limits of agreement: −3.28, 2.58). Epicardial strain/strain rate and endocardial strain rate values did not agree sufficiently to be used interchangeably (95% limits of agreement: −11.58, 9.19; −2.28, 1.74; −1.41, 1.36, respectively). Our study suggests that RP4Ch view was feasible for assessment of the LV longitudinal deformation analysis by STE in cats, but only endocardial longitudinal strain values obtained from the two different views were interchangeable.
O CONFRONTO SOCIAL E JURÍDICO NOS CASOS DE TRANSFUSÃO DE SANGUE EM TESTEMUNHAS DE JEOVÁ
Authors: Silva Maria Elenie Alves da
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tratará dos direitos constitucionais à vida, à liberdade religiosa e a saúde pública, nos tratamentos médicos que necessitam de transfusões de sangue e seus derivados. Demonstrar os direitos e garantias constitucionais fundamentais a todos nós cidadãos brasileiros, pois o nosso país é declaradamente um país laico, o que significa e quais as suas consequências, questionamentos que relataremos no artigo que segue. O tema aborda questões relacionadas à dignidade da pessoa humana, direito assegurado pela constituição brasileira, na qual a doutrina demonstra que o cidadão precisa ter o mínimo de condições para dignificar seus atos, tais como nascer, crescer, desenvolver-se e ter uma vida confortável; tema que irei abordar também será o posicionamento de cada lado do problema, bem como a questão que envolvem biodireito e bioética dentro do tema abordado. É um dever do Estado garantir a saúde e o bem-estar de seus cidadãos, dever esse concretizado no direito fundamental e social; o  direito a saúde pública que também se encontra positivado em nossa constituição, relatarei qual a orientação que o conselho de medicina passa aos servidores da saúde,  ao se depararem diante do caso concreto perante aos seguidores testemunhas de Jeová no que diz respeito as recusas diante da necessidade de uma transfusão de sangue, o médico deve respeitar a vontade deste paciente e de seus familiares?
TRÁFICO INTERNACIONAL DE DROGAS NO AEROPORTO DE GUARULHOS/SP
Authors: Filho Evodio Carneiro da Cunha
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo pretende abordar brevemente o tema tráfico internacional de drogas no Aeroporto de Guarulhos/SP a partir da exposição de um caso concreto. Ao analisar as peças de um inquérito policial lavrado em um flagrante de tráfico de drogas ocorrido no aeroporto, o artigo revela as principais etapas do procedimento policial e seus desdobramentos na esfera judicial. O artigo ainda expõe estatísticas a respeito do tráfico internacional de drogas no aeroporto com base em informações fornecidas pela Delegacia Especial no Aeroporto Internacional da Polícia Federal.
Simulators as a Supporting Tool in the Training Process for New Specialized Personnel
Authors: Nowakowski Henryk , Kustra Marek
Published: August 2020

The article deals with problems related to the application of simulators in training and describes the current role of simulators in preparing new specialized personnel in many industries. The author presents the possibilities of using simulators in the training for pilots, motor vehicle drivers, and train drivers. He points out to the benefits of using modern simulation systems.
Consociación intraespecífica de Lolium perenne diploide resistente a glifosato y cultivares tetraploides: variación de la habilidad competitiva de la maleza resistente y efecto sobre la sensibilidad al herbicida de la descendencia
Authors:   , Doeyo José Andrés
Published: August 2020

En la actualidad, los casos de malezas resistentes a herbicidas se han convertido en un fenómeno ecológico y evolutivo de amplio impacto en los sistemas de producción agrícola. Particularmente, el género Lolium ha sido descripto como uno de los más propensos a desarrollar resistencias a herbicidas a nivel mundial. Desde hace más de diez años, en el sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires se han detectado poblaciones de Lolium spp. resistentes a glifosato, interfiriendo con cultivos de trigo y cebada. Aunque un determinado mecanismo de resistencia le otorga a la maleza la capacidad de sobrevivir a un herbicida, a menudo trae aparejado una penalidad o costo biológico para la planta. La posibilidad de explotar estas penalidades genera nuevas alternativas de manejo. En este contexto, el objetivo general del trabajo fue establecer cómo la consociación intraespecífica de Lolium perenne diploide resistente a glifosato y tetraploide susceptible incide en la habilidad competitiva de la maleza resistente. Asimismo, determinar cómo dicha interacción afecta la sensibilidad al herbicida de la descendencia de ambos componentes. Se evaluaron parámetros de crecimiento y producción de semillas de Lolium perenne resistente sembrado en surcos intercalados en diferentes relaciones de consociación con un cultivar comercial tetraploide de la misma especie. A los efectos de simular distintos niveles de enmalezamiento, se evaluaron tres densidades de individuos diploides resistentes (100, 250 y 500 pl m-2) respecto a una única densidad del Lolium perenne tetraploide susceptible (500 pl m-2). La producción de materia seca aérea en la etapa reproductiva, la producción de semillas y la agresividad de las plantas susceptibles fueron mayores a la de las resistentes cuando la relación de consociación favoreció al genotipo de mayor ploidía. A igual proporción de plantas diploides y tetraploides ninguno de los dos componentes mostró diferencias significativas entre sí respecto a esas variables. La población diploide presentó una frecuencia inicial de plantas resistentes a glifosato superior al 65% y en respuesta al tratamiento de monocultura su frecuencia se mantuvo, sin embargo bajo aquella consociación que propició la agresividad del cultivar tetraploide frente al diploide (500 versus 100 pl m-2, respectivamente), la frecuencia de plantas resistentes disminuyó significativamente en al menos 10 puntos porcentuales. Los resultados de este trabajo son valorados bajo un contexto de manejo integrado de malezas, donde el problema de resistencia a herbicidas no puede ser abordado desde una estrategia fundamentada en un único método de control.
Vigor inicial de cuatro variedades de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) y su incidencia en la habilidad competitiva de ryegrass perenne (Lolium perenne L.) resistente a glifosato
Authors:   , Sánchez Marcelo
Published: August 2020

La presencia de Lolium perenne L. resistente al herbicida glifosato es una problemática creciente en el sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, principalmente en los cultivos de invierno, trigo y cebada. Dado el contexto actual donde la utilización de herbicidas como herramienta predominante para el control de malezas en los cultivos, ha complejizado la problemática por la aparición creciente de poblaciones de ryegrass con resistencia múltiple, la elección de otras estrategias de control se constituíria en una herramienta útil en el marco del manejo integrado de malezas. En este sentido, se propuso entre los objetivos del presente trabajo, el establecer la incidencia del vigor inicial de cuatro variedades de trigo en la habilidad competitiva con L. perenne resistente a glifosato. Asimismo analizar el efecto de la densidad de siembra del cultivo sobre la interferencia de la maleza L. perenne. El experimento consistió en evaluar, durante dos años consecutivos el comportamiento de cuatro cultivares de trigo, sembrados a tres densidades distintas (125, 250 y 500 plantas m-2) frente a la competencia con L. perenne. Las variedades de trigo evaluadas mostraron diferencias entre sí cuando se cultivaron en ausencia de la maleza y a la densidad recomendada de 250 pl/ m-2. Baguette 10 y Baguette 31 mostraron mayor producción de macollos frente a ACA 315 y Klein Serpiente. Éstas últimas presentaron una intercepción de radiación 25% superior a los otros dos materiales, demostrando efecto en la supresión de la capacidad reproductiva de L. perenne. El incremento de la densidad de siembra fue el factor de mayor impacto en la interacción trigo – L. perenne. Al duplicar la densidad de siembra a 500 plantas m-2 se favoreció la habilidad competitiva, en relación de tolerancia a la competencia de las variedades experimentadas, lo que implicó interceptar una mayor proporción de la radiación, una menor reducción de la materia seca aérea y de la producción de granos. En tal sentido es importante destacar esta herramienta de manejo y su potencialidad para ser incluida en una estrategia de manejo integrado de malezas.
Nuevos paradigmas educativos, económicos y sociales para la sostenibilidad
Authors: Vázquez Ayala Dany Raúl
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo refiere un análisis sobre la necesidad de conciencia respecto a los paradigmas sociales vigentes, la urgencia de reflexionar sobre nuevos esquemas de pensamiento, asociados a los retos y desafíos que representan para la humanidad. Revisar dichos desafíos desde la perspectiva educativa, económica y social, y la manera en que estos elementos mantienen una estrecha relación entre las formas de actuar, producir y ser en sociedad. En el mismo, se abordan aspectos que intervienen desde una índole contextual y la necesidad de buscar desde la educación, economía y comunidad esquemas sostenibles de vida y concordancia con las necesidades de nuestro entorno.
Assim nasce a geografia da pandemia: aportes teóricos, enfoques e temas para pensar o território
Authors: Devides Oliveira Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir o nascimento de uma geografia da pandemia, considerando que a crise do novo coronavírus é multiescalar e multidimensional, se desenvolve em um tempo-espaço específico e impacta profundamente os territórios. Com base em ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, na observação empírica da realidade brasileira e utilizando-se do plural arcabouço conceitual e teórico-metodológico da Geografia Humana, apresenta e problematiza um conjunto de abordagens, temas e perspectivas de análise visando a compreensão e o combate da Covid-19, ou seja, demarca a necessidade da ciência geográfica dada por sua diversidade interna e abordagem espacial, dialética e crítica. Neste contexto de crise, pensadores são revisitados, ferramentas de mapeamento são popularizadas, e as desigualdades socioterritoriais escancaram-se. Como resultado, identificamos um esforço coletivo – um movimento – de consolidação de uma geografia da pandemia que busca refletir e apontar caminhos teóricos e práticos para o desenvolvimento de ações científicas e políticas de enfrentamento da atual crise sanitária.
¿Qué se entiende por Competencias Musicales? Configurando bases teóricas desde la socioformación y el desarrollo social sostenible
Authors: Rodríguez Reinoso Oswaldo Antonio
Published: August 2020

El enfoque por competencias para la educación musical suscita importantes desafíos epistémicos y metodológicos. La importancia que reviste tanto la práctica musical en la formación general de los sujetos, como los espacios de formación musical que promueven el desarrollo especializado, ha sido claramente reconocida. Las propuestas de educación musical que han surgido bajo la idea de vincular propósitos tanto educativos musicales como de desarrollo social dejan al descubierto la necesidad de replantear la educación musical. La Educación Musical para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EMDS) es una propuesta pensada como alternativa, donde la socioformación constituye el punto de partida de un corpus teórico necesario para el sustento epistémico y metodológico. La presente investigación de tipo cualitativa y carácter documental, mediante metodología de cartografía conceptual aborda y analiza la noción de Competencias Musicales con el propósito de evidenciar el desarrollo de esta en el ámbito educativo y musical. El estudio concluye en la necesidad de profundizar la reflexión onto-epistémica y metodológica que permita un diseño competencial para la educación musical desde la socioformación.
Diverse Methods for Signature based Intrusion Detection Schemes Adopted
Authors:   Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India., Snehi Jyoti , Bhandari Abhinav ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Panjabi University, Patiala, India., Baggan Vidhu ,   Engineering Department, Infosys Limited, Chandigarh, India., Snehi Manish ,   Engineering Department, Infosys Limited, Chandigarh, India Ritu, Engineering Department, Infosys Limited, Chandigarh, India.
Published: August 2020

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is used as a tool to detect intrusions on IT networks, providing support in network monitoring to identify and avoid possible attacks. Most such approaches adopt Signature-based methods for detecting attacks which include matching the input event to predefined database signatures. Signature based intrusion detection acts as an adaptable device security safeguard technology. This paper discusses various Signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems and their advantages; given a set of signatures and basic patterns that estimate the relative importance of each intrusion detection system feature, system administrators may help identify cyber-attacks and threats to the network and Computer system. Eighty percent of incidents can be easily and promptly detected using signature-based detection methods if used as a precautionary phase for vulnerability detection and twenty percent rest by anomaly-based intrusion detection system that involves comparing definitions of normal activity or event behavior with observed events in identifying the significant deviations and deciding the traffic to flag.
Push and Pull Factors of Transnational Street Begging in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ojedokun Usman Adekunle , Aderinto Adeyinka Abideen
Published: August 2020

Street begging in Nigeria has traditionally been dominated by indigenous beggars. However, a growing trend in the phenomenon in recent times is the involvement of migrant beggars in streets. Against this background, this paper examined the push and pull factors of transnational street begging in South Western Nigeria. The study was exploratory and cross-sectional in design. Anomie-strain theory was adopted as conceptual framework. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 395 respondents. Survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were the methods of data collection. Transnational street beggars attributed their involvement in street begging to different socio-economic and environmental challenges in their home-countries. Most of them (53.4%) migrated to Nigeria for better opportunity. The Federal Government of Nigeria is urged to put in place a mechanism through which refugees who are genuinely in need can be helped and/or distinguished from migrants who have permanently taken to street begging as their means of livelihood.
Determinants of Preferences for Advertisement and Communication in the Promotion of Anti-Malaria Products in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Salami Kabiru K. , Onuegbu Chinwe M.
Published: August 2020

One of the strategies for promoting malaria prevention and control globally is advertisement of anti-malaria products. This study was designed to determine users’ preferences for style of advertisement and communication of anti-malaria products in Ibadan. Data collection involved twelve Key Informant Interviews and 500 copies of a questionnaire. Radio was the most preferred and most accessible medium of advert in both rural and urban areas. A large majority (86.4%) of rural dwellers preferred advertisements in form of speeches, house-to-house campaigns, face-to-face counselling and rallies. Whereas, advertisement in forms of drama (44.0%) and music (16.0%) were preferred by the urban dwellers. Results show that advertisements and communication programs on anti-malaria products do not relay messages on drug reaction and its treatment, and cost of anti-malaria products. Hence, advertisements and communicative programmes for controlling malaria would be more effective if the social and environmental factors influencing preferences for advertisement are put into consideration.
Identification of Genetic Alterations by Circulating Tumor DNA in Leiomyosarcoma: A Molecular Analysis of 73 Patients
Authors: Arshad Junaid , Barreto-Coelho Priscila , Jonczak Emily , Espejo Andrea , D'Amato Gina , Trent Jonathan C.
Published: August 2020

Background

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor of cells of smooth muscle lineage arising commonly in retroperitoneum, uterus, large veins, and the limbs. The genetics of leiomyosarcomas are complex and there is very limited understanding of common driver mutations. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a rapid and noninvasive method of next-generation sequencing (NGS) that could be used for diagnosis, therapy, and detection of recurrence.

Methods

ctDNA testing was performed using Guardant360, which detects single nucleotide variants, amplifications, fusions, and specific insertion/deletion mutations in 73 genes using NGS.

Results

Of 73 patients, 59 were found to have one or more cancer-associated genomic alteration. Forty-five (76%) were female with a median age of 63 (range, 38–87) years. All samples were designated metastatic. The most common alterations were detected in Tp53 (65%), BRAF (13%), CCNE (13%), EGFR (12%), PIK3CA (12%), FGFR1 (10%), RB1(10%), KIT (8%), and PDGFRA (8%). Some of the other alterations included RAF1, ERBB2, MET, PTEN TERT, APC, and NOTCH1. Potentially targetable mutations, by Food and Drug Administration–approved or clinical trials, were found in 24 (40%) of the 73 patients. Four patients (5%) were found to have incidental germline TP53 mutations.

Conclusion

NGS of ctDNA allows identification of genomic alterations in plasma from patients with leiomyosarcoma. Unfortunately, there is limited activity of current targeted agents in leiomyosarcomas. These results suggest opportunities to develop therapy against TP53, cell cycle, and kinase signaling pathways. Further validation and prospective evaluation is warranted to investigate the clinical utility of ctDNA for patients with leiomyosarcoma.
Nurses' Perception of Safety on Hospital Interior Environments and Infectious Diseases: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bae Suyeon , Asojo Abimbola O.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Healthcare environments consist of a variety of different fomites containing infectious agents. From the 2003 outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome to the recent concerns about the Ebola and Zika viruses, interest in the role of healthcare environment fomites in spreading infectious diseases has increased. Because of a high risk of being exposed to infections, the goal of this study was to learn how hospital interior environments impact nurses' perceptions of safety about infectious diseases.

Methods

Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with six nurses at a public hospital.

Results

The following three themes were identified: (1) perceptions of safety from infectious diseases were diverse among the participants; (2) various interior environments in hospital settings can prevent as well as promote the spreading of infectious diseases; and (3) the different perceptions influenced the ways participants developed their contrasting behaviors of treating interior environments to cope with their fears (e.g., how they open doors).

Conclusion

The findings from this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on designing hospital interior environments to better understand nurses' perception of infectious diseases.
Interactive Teaching of Programming Language Theory with a Proof Assistant
Authors: Bereczky Péter , Donkó István , Horpácsi Dániel , Kaposi Ambrus , Németh Dávid János
Published: August 2020

Teaching of programming language theory has a long track record at ELTE Faculty of Informatics. Traditionally, formal semantics and type systems of programming languages, similarly to other theory-oriented subjects, were taught with the pen and paper method. However, modern proof assistants call for replacing this old-fashioned way of teaching with novel and interactive methods that bring deeper understanding, provide better learning experience and build technical skills in applying formal methods. The authors have launched practice classes for two programming language theory subjects and carefully developed course material based on executable and verifiable definitions formalised in the Coq proof assistant. In this paper, we share our experiences regarding the design and implementation of the new material, we outline the pros and cons of using a proof assistant in the courses, and we describe how the presented method may be adapted to other courses.
Pratique de la ventilation non-invasive aux urgences et réanimations marocaines : enquête auprès des praticiens
Authors: Benradi Naoufel , Ghommid Zakaria , Ait Bahssain Hassan , El Adib Ahmed R. , Hachimi Abdelhamid
Published: August 2020

Introduction : La ventilation non invasive (VNI) est une technique utilisée, depuis longtemps, dans les urgences et lesréanimations. L'objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer la prévalence de la pratique de la VNI, la maîtrise des paramètres,les indications et les critères d'échec dans notre contexte marocain.Matériels et méthodes : Une première partie des praticiens a été interrogée par un questionnaire auto-administré lorsdu congrès de la société marocaine d'anesthésie, d'analgésie et de soins intensifs tenu en janvier 2018. Une secondepartie a été abordée par un questionnaire électronique. Il comprenait les caractéristiques démographiques, les méthodesde mise en œuvre de la VNI, les indications et les critères de défaillance.Résultats : Parmi les 800 questionnaires distribués, nous avons recueilli 183 réponses avec un taux de participation de23 %. La majorité des participants (88 %) ont déclaré avoir pratiqué la VNI. Le mode PSV-PEP était préféré dans 70 %des cas. L'œdème pulmonaire cardiogénique et la décompensation de la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique ontété retenus comme premières indications de la mise en place. Un protocole n'existait que dans 5 % des structures. LaVNI est plus utilisée par les médecins anesthésistes-réanimateurs et dans les CHU et les structures privées.Conclusion : La VNI est une technique couramment utilisée en situation d'urgence. Ses indications et paramètres deréglage étaient conformes à la conférence de consensus. Cependant, l'absence de protocole peut entraver le démarrage.
PHYTOSOCYOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSOCIATED SEDIMENT IN A MANGROVE
AREA WITH IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL, TODOS OS SANTOS BAY, BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors:   Gilmar S. Macêdo Junior, Olívia M. C.Oliveira, Antônio F. S. Queiroz, Sérgio L. C. Ferreira  and Ícaro T. A. Moreira
Published: August 2020

This article presents the phytosociological characteristics of the São Paulo River estuary, northeastern part of Todosos Santos Bay, a mangrove area with impacts of oil spill as well as the physical-chemical composition of the plant of individuals associated with sediments. For qualitative, phytosociological research, the multiple plot method was applied, with a total of five 20x25 m2 plots. All living species present, Lagunculariaracemosa, Avicenniaschaueriana and Rhizophorae mangle identified with a breast height circumference (HBC) less than 15 cm were marked and their height and circumference values sampled. The results indicated that the mangrove ecosystem of the São Paulo estuary has a fringe face with intermediate size, indicating the species of A. schaueriana as dominant species. The granulate had a predominantly silty
texture and low levels of the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn that are within the range of variation of this type of environment. Geochemical analysis of sediments reveals significant differences between plots. Diagnostic reasons pointed to a predominantly pyrogenic origin. Therefore, they consider mixed sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminating this location as a result of the incomplete burning of fossil fuels and the presence of domestic effluents.
The Origin of Feminism and the Feminist Movement in the Late 18th — Early 19th Centuries
Authors: Захарова О.В. , Нойкова Е.А.
Published: August 2020

Вторая половина XVIII века в истории Европы богата не только войнами, революциями, колониальной политикой и множеством важных научных, технических и культурных открытий, но также и коренным социальными преобразованиями на европейском общественном пространстве. Именно эпоха Просвещения заложила начало к переоценке женщины как независимой личности, способной на равных правах с мужчинами полноценно участвовать в экономической, политической и производственной деятельности. Период протофеминизма дает богатый исторический материал о начале зарождения первых женских движений, лозунгов и выдвигаемых требований. На данном этапе появляются первые борцы за равноправие между мужчинами и женщинами, первые праматери феминистских движений, заложившие основы и постулаты для будущих поколений, появляются первые труды и первые произведения, положившие начало движению к равноправной гендерной свободе и борьбе женщин за свои права.

In the late 18th century, Europe witnessed many wars, revolutions, colonial oppression, but it also saw many important scientific, technical and cultural discoveries and dramatic social changes. The Age of Enlightenment reassessed the role of women as independent personalities who can fully participate in economics, politics and manufacturing at par with men. Protofeminism anticipated modern feminism with its mottos and aspirations. In that era, there appeared first activists fighting for gender equality, forerunners of the feminist movement who formulated the principles of feminism. There appeared first works which lay the foundation of the gender equality movement and initiated womenʼs struggle for their rights.