bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peasant at the Creation: Some Highlights of an Eventful Life as if Told by Mr. Acheson
Authors: Polsby Nelson W.
Published: December 2022

The offer to join the University of California faculty came soon after the New Year, when we had returned to Middletown, Connecticut, after our trip to Washington, D.C., recounted in the last chapter, where we renewed our life-long friendship with my mother, Edythe Polsby (later Mrs. H. X. Salzberger), the well-known capital hostess and short-order cook.

My wife had a slight cold, and so did not join me for the evening at the home of our neighbor, Professor Clement E. Vose, then Chairman of the Wesleyan University Department of Government. Vose was a sparkling raconteur and wit, a fact not known to many people. In consequence they were often puzzled by his conversation. He was in rare form that evening, no doubt stimulated by the presence of several of the wives of the younger faculty, and also by the guest of honor, Professor Samuel Krislov of the University of Minnesota, then on leave and teaching at Columbia. Vose described in detail the process by which he had acquired knowledge of efforts to repeal the 18th Amendment, and this in turn led naturally to a series of toasts to the memories of Messrs. Joseph Choate, John W. Davis, Harrison Tweed, and so on, all of whom had been in the forefront of that important movement.
Reagan Administration Proposes Sharp Cut-Back in Federal Support for Social Science Research
Authors: Mann Thomas E.
Published: December 2022

By now most of you are aware of the severe cuts in federal funding for the social and behavioral sciences and for the humanities proposed by the Reagan Administration.

At the National Science Foundation, while support for the natural sciences is slated to increase, the proposed budget for the social and economic sciences calls for a 65 percent reduction.

At the National Institute of Mental Health (ADAMHA), the Administration proposes to eliminate all social research, which is expected to include research on the family, socialization of children, effects of separation and divorce, evaluation of prevention efforts with children, effects of mass media on behavior of children. In addition, the definition probably will include social policy research, research on race and ethnic relations, studies of community structure and change and studies of social institutions.
Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China
Authors: Chen Haojun , Liu Chenggui
Published: December 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most common community-associated pathogens responsible for pneumonia in children. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae included serotype and virulence factor performed by using PCR method and sequence types (STs) determined by sequencing seven housekeeping genes. In addition, the potential relationships between molecular characteristics were depicted by minimum spanning tree and correspondence analysis. The prevailing serotypes were 19F (18.52%), 6B (17.59%), 19A (13.89%), 6A (6.48%) and 23F (5.56%) among 108 isolates. The overall coverage rates of 7-valent, 10-valent, 13-valent, 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were 47.32, 48.1, 75, 75 and 78.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coverage rates of PCV13 among the isolates from CAP patients aged <1 year were high up to 84.2%. MLST analysis results showed that there were 56 different STs identified, of which the dominant STs were ST271 (22.22%) and ST320 (12.04%). Five international clones among STs were observed, including Spain23F‐1, Spain6B‐2, Taiwan19F‐14, Netherlands3‐31 and Denmark14‐32. Additionally, most of the isolates carried ply, psaA, nanA, pavA, piaA and CC271 isolates expressed more of nanA than non-CC271 isolates. Moreover, there were strong relevant relationships among STs, serotypes and virulence factors. Considering serotypes and virulence factors together can be used as the foundation for the formulation of vaccine strategy.
Patterns of enteric infections in a population-wide cohort study of sequelae, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Gohari Mahmood R. , Taylor Marsha , MacKinnon Melissa C. , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Galanis Eleni , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Cook Richard J. , Patrick David M. , Ethelberg Steen , Majowicz Shannon E.
Published: December 2022

We assessed patterns of enteric infections caused by 14 pathogens, in a longitudinal cohort study of sequelae in British Columbia (BC) Canada, 2005–2014. Our population cohort of 5.8 million individuals was followed for an average of 7.5 years/person; during this time, 40 523 individuals experienced 42 308 incident laboratory-confirmed, provincially reported enteric infections (96.4 incident infections per 100 000 person-years). Most individuals (38 882/40 523; 96%) had only one, but 4% had multiple concurrent infections or more than one infection across the study. Among individuals with more than one infection, the pathogens and combinations occurring most frequently per individual matched the pathogens occurring most frequently in the BC population. An additional 298 557 new fee-for-service physician visits and hospitalisations for enteric infections, that did not coincide with a reported enteric infection, also occurred, and some may be potentially unreported enteric infections. Our findings demonstrate that sequelae risk analyses should explore the possible impacts of multiple infections, and that estimating risk for individuals who may have had a potentially unreported enteric infection is warranted.
Tracing State Accountability for COVID-19: Representing Care within Ireland’s Response to the Pandemic
Authors: Daly Felicity , Edwards Claire
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 triggers urgent questions about the social, political and ethical implications of care markets, practices and relations. This article presents analysis of the Houses of the Oireachtas Special Committee on Covid-19 Response exposing current discourses about care in Ireland. Utilising the Trace analysis method (Sevenhuijsen, 2004), grounded in feminist care ethics, reveals a state accountability exercise grappling with the failures of the care market and the inhumanity of congregated settings. Care discourses were constrained by a focus on the formal health system, normalisation of binary care giver and care receiver categorisations and a lack of recognition of gendered inequalities of care in homes and workplaces. Public discourse and feminist analysis revealed unreasonable labour conditions for women working in health and social care and a silencing of the voices of those with care needs. The article contributes to a reconceptualisation of care in post-pandemic futures and urges societal co-responsibility for ‘universal care’.
Prenatal trimester-specific intake of micronutrients: global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at birth and persistence in childhood
Authors: Parsons Ella , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Bozack Anne K. , Baccarelli Andrea A. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Hivert Marie-France , Godderis Lode , Duca Radu-Corneliu , Oken Emily , Cardenas Andres
Published: December 2022

The prenatal environment may program health and disease susceptibility via epigenetic mechanisms. We evaluated associations of maternal trimester-specific intake of micronutrients with global DNA methylation (%5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylation (%5hmC) at birth in cord blood and tested for persistence into childhood. We quantified global %5mC and %5hmC in cord blood cells (n= 434) and in leukocytes collected in early (n= 108) and mid-childhood (n= 390) from children in Project Viva, a pre-birth cohort from Boston, MA. Validated food frequency questionnaires estimated maternal first- and second-trimester intakes of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, betaine, choline, methionine, iron, and zinc. Mean (SD) cord blood %5mC and %5hmC was 5.62% (2.04) and 0.25% (0.15), respectively. Each μg increase in first-trimester B12intake was associated with 0.002 lower %5hmC in cord blood (95% CI: −0.005, −0.0003), and this association persisted in early childhood (β= −0.007; 95% CI: −0.01, −0.001) but not mid-childhood. Second-trimester iron (mg) was associated with 0.01 lower %5mC (95% CI: −0.02, −0.002) and 0.001 lower %5hmC (95% CI: −0.01, −0.00001) in cord blood only. Increased second-trimester zinc (mg) intake was associated with 0.003 greater %5hmC in early childhood (β= 0.003; 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.006). Second-trimester folate was positively associated with %5hmC in early childhood only (β= 0.08, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.16). Associations did not survive multiple testing adjustment; future replication is needed. Trimester-specific nutrients may impact various sensitive windows of epigenetic programming some with lasting effects in childhood. Further research is needed to understand the role of gene-specific epigenetic changes and how global DNA methylation measures relate to child health.
Seismic Time‐Lapse Monitoring of Near‐Surface Microbubble Water Injection by Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Nakata Rie , Jang U‐Geun , Lumley David , Mouri Takuji , Nakatsukasa Masashi , Takanashi Mamoru , Kato Ayato
Published: December 2022

Monitoring time‐lapse changes in subsurface physical properties of the near‐surface critical zone is increasingly important with respect to climate change, environmental conservation/remediation, geohazard mitigation, and geotechnical engineering activities. Innovative controlled‐source cross‐well seismic monitoring surveys combined with full waveform inversion analysis enable us to map small and highly localized changes by repeatedly scanning the subsurface between borehole sensors at depth. In the Kanto Basin, Japan, we successfully monitor the dynamic transient fluid‐flow effects of the subsurface injection of microbubble water, which is of interest for soil contamination remediation and preventing earthquake liquefaction. The fluid migration is detected by observing P‐wave velocity changes (∼1%) within a very thin (∼1 m) sediment layer at a depth of ∼25 m. The injected microbubble water of the differential physical properties (temperature) is observed to follow geological and hydrologic preferential fluid‐flow paths rather than diffusing equally in all directions away from the injection well.
Dynamic Full‐Field Imaging of Rupture Radiation: Material Contrast Governs Source Mechanism
Authors: Aichele J. , Latour S. , Catheline S. , Roux P.
Published: December 2022

In seismology, the rupture mechanisms of an earthquake, a glacier stick‐slip and a landslide are not directly observed, but inferred from surface measurements. In contrast, laboratory experiments can illuminate near field effects. The near field reflects the rupture mechanism but is highly attenuated in the case of real‐world surface data. We directly image the elastic wave‐field of a nucleating rupture non‐invasively in its near‐field with ultrasound speckle correlation. Our imaging yields the particle velocity of the full shear wave field at the source location and inside the 3D frictional body. We experimentally show that a strong bimaterial contrast, as encountered in environmental seismology, yields a unidirectional or linear force mechanism for pre‐rupture microslips and decelerating supershear ruptures. A weak contrast, characteristic for earthquakes, generates a double‐couple source mechanism for sub‐Rayleigh ruptures, sometimes preceded by slow deformation at the interface. This deformation is reproduced by the NF of a unidirectional force.
Current Sheet Thinning in the Wake of a Bubble Injection
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Yang Jian , Toffoletto Frank R. , Wolf Richard A. , Nakamura Rumi , Cui Jun
Published: December 2022

A crucial property of the substorm growth phase is the current sheet thinning, which is often attributed to adiabatic convection. Injecting low‐entropy bubbles reduce pressure‐balance inconsistencies and restore current sheet thickness to its initial value. Recent observations from Cluster and MMS showed additional thinning of the current sheet in the wake of a transitory bubble injection compared with the configuration before the injection. We employ the Rice Convection Model‐MHD coupled code to investigate how the transport of bubbles causes the fast thinning. The simulation results reconstructed the observations' most prominent characteristics. We find more earthward transport of the magnetic flux in the bubble than its wake, therefore depleting magnetic flux and stretching the magnetic field lines there. Interestingly, additional R0‐sense field‐aligned currents close the enhanced dawn‐to‐dusk current behind the bubble.
A Monthly Index for the Large‐Scale Sea Surface Temperature Gradient Across the Separated Gulf Stream
Authors: Parfitt R. , Kwon Y. , Andres M.
Published: December 2022

The strong sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradient associated with the Gulf Stream (GS) is widely acknowledged to play an important role in shaping mid‐latitude weather and climate. Despite this, an index for the GS SST gradient has not yet been standardized in the literature. This paper introduces a monthly index for the large‐scale SST gradient across the separated GS based on the time‐varying GS position detected from sea‐surface height. Analysis suggests that the variations in the monthly average SST gradient throughout the year result primarily from SST variability to the north of the GS, with little contribution from SST to the south. The index exhibits a weak periodicity at ∼2 years. Sea level pressure and turbulent heat flux patterns suggest that variability in the large‐scale SST gradient is related to atmospheric (rather than oceanic) forcing. Ocean‐to‐atmosphere feedback does not persist throughout the year, but there is some evidence of wintertime feedback.
Link Between the Time‐Space Behavior of Rainfall and 3D Dynamical Structures of Equatorial Waves in Global Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Jung Hyunju , Knippertz Peter
Published: December 2022

Equatorial waves (EWs) control a considerable portion of tropical rainfall variability but numerical models often struggle to capture them. Increased computing power now enables global simulations with resolved deep convection, which is believed to produce more realistic EWs. Here we identify EWs in global ICON simulations with varying horizontal resolution by (a) filtering rainfall based on space‐time spectral analysis and (b) projecting wind and geopotential onto theoretical wave patterns. The simulations demonstrate that Kelvin, mixed‐Rossby gravity and equatorial Rossby waves are consistently represented, regardless of model resolution and convective treatment. For smaller‐scale inertio‐gravity waves, however, explicit convection appears to be a prerequisite. Surprisingly, the associated rainfall signals are not accompanied by corresponding wind patterns but appear to be connected to mesoscale convective systems. This demonstrates the importance of analyzing rainfall and dynamical aspects of EWs jointly for a robust assessment.
Climatic Asynchrony and Hydrologic Inefficiency Explain the Global Pattern of Water Availability
Authors: Jawitz James W. , Klammler Harald , Reaver Nathan G. F.
Published: December 2022

The mechanisms underlying observed global patterns of partitioning precipitation () to evapotranspiration () and runoff () are controversially debated. We test the hypothesis that asynchrony between climatic water supply and demand is sufficient to explain spatio‐temporal variability of water availability. We developed a simple analytical model for that is determined by four dimensionless characteristics of intra‐annual water supply and demand asynchrony. The analytical model, populated with gridded climate data, accurately predicted global runoff patterns within 2%–4% of independent estimates from global climate models, with spatial patterns closely correlated to observations (). The supply‐demand asynchrony hypothesis provides a physically based explanation for variability of water availability using easily measurable characteristics of climate. The model revealed widespread responsiveness of water budgets to changes in climate asynchrony in almost every global region. Furthermore, the analytical model using global averages independently reproduced the Budyko curve () providing theoretical foundation for this widely used empirical relationship.
Dynamic Response of the Spring Wyrtki Jet to the Monsoon Onset Over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Li Kuiping , Yin Yue , Yang Yang , Liu Yanliang , Yu Weidong
Published: December 2022

The dynamic response of the spring Wyrtki Jet (WJ), one of the dominant wind‐driven surface currents in the Indian Ocean, to the abrupt onset of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) summer monsoon is investigated. The results indicate that the spring WJ tends to approach a maximum around the monsoon onset time, with the zonal current exhibiting a rapid acceleration prior to and a gradual deceleration soon after the onset. The diagnosis demonstrates that the geostrophic term fundamentally driven by the equatorial westerlies primarily accounts for the WJ evolution. Before the monsoon onset, the burst of equatorial westerlies forces the rapid WJ acceleration. While accompanying the monsoon onset, the equatorial regime switches from westerlies to cross‐equatorial flows, leading to the gradual WJ reduction in spring. In physics, the first‐branch northward‐propagating intraseasonal oscillation, inducing both the equatorial westerlies burst and the BoB monsoon onset, powerfully factors into the spring WJ‐monsoon onset relationship.
Crustal Anisotropy in the Martian Lowlands From Surface Waves
Authors: Beghein C. , Li J. , Weidner E. , Maguire R. , Wookey J. , Lekić V. , Lognonné P. , Banerdt W.
Published: December 2022

The largest seismic event ever recorded on Mars, with a moment magnitude of 4.7 ± 0.2, is the first event to produce both Love and Rayleigh wave signals. We measured their group velocity dispersion between about 15 and 40 s period and found that no isotropic depth‐dependent velocity model could explain the two types of waves wave simultaneously, likely indicating the presence of seismic anisotropy. Inversions of Love and Rayleigh waves yielded velocity models with horizontally polarized shear waves traveling faster than vertically polarized shear waves in the top 10–25 km. We discuss the possible origins of this signal, including the preferred orientation of anisotropic crystals due to shear deformation, alignment of cracks, layered intrusions due to an impact, horizontal layering due to the presence of a large‐scale sediment layer on top of the crust, and alternation of sedimentation and basalt layers deposits due to large volcanic eruptions.
Millennial‐Scale Precipitation Variability in the Indo‐Pacific Region Over the Last 40 Kyr
Authors: Yu Zhaojie , Tang Xiaojie , Colin Christophe , Wilson David J. , Zhou Xinquan , Song Lina , Chang Fengming , Zhang Shuai , Bassinot Franck , Wan Shiming
Published: December 2022

Deep atmospheric convection in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) represents a major source of heat and moisture, thereby affecting the global climate, but its past changes remain debated. Here, we present sub‐millennial clay mineralogy and elemental records spanning the last 40 Kyr from within the IPWP. From these data, we infer millennial‐scale fluctuations in precipitation, with generally lower precipitation during Heinrich Stadials 1–4, corresponding to El Niño‐like conditions. Higher precipitation coincided with the warm interstadials, accompanied by La Niña‐like conditions. Moreover, our record indicates the lowest precipitation occurred during the late Holocene, supporting the hypothesis of a stronger‐than‐modern Walker circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum. In combination with other proxy records and TraCE‐21 modeling results, we recognize a distinct spatial heterogeneity of precipitation within the IPWP, resulting from the dominant influences of the ENSO‐like system and migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the eastern and western IPWP, respectively.
Overview of NASA’s Solar Irradiance Science Team #2 (SIST‐2) Program
Authors: Woods Thomas N. , Considine David B.
Published: December 2022

The Solar Irradiance Science Team (SIST) #2 (SIST‐2) program is a competitively solicited National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Division science research program providing 3‐year awards beginning in July 2018 to quantify and understand the solar irradiance variability and implications for Earth's climate and atmospheric composition. The purpose for the SIST‐2 program is limited to the accurate specification of the incoming solar irradiance into the Earth system considering the 44‐year satellite data record as well as proxies to which the satellite record can be tied. The SIST‐2 program funded eight research grants to study the variability of the total solar irradiance and solar spectral irradiance and to develop improved space‐based data sets, solar proxies, and variability models of the solar irradiance. The SIST‐2 projects are briefly introduced.
Compositions and Interior Structures of the Large Moons of Uranus and Implications for Future Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Castillo‐Rogez Julie , Weiss Benjamin , Beddingfield Chloe , Biersteker John , Cartwright Richard , Goode Allison , Melwani Daswani Mohit , Neveu Marc
Published: December 2022

The five large moons of Uranus are important targets for future spacecraft missions. To motivate and inform the exploration of these moons, we model their internal evolution, present‐day physical structures, and geochemical and geophysical signatures that may be measured by spacecraft. We predict that if the moons preserved liquid until present, it is likely in the form of residual oceans less than 30 km thick in Ariel, Umbriel, and less than 50 km in Titania, and Oberon. The preservation of liquid strongly depends on material properties and, potentially, on dynamical circumstances that are presently unknown. Miranda is unlikely to host liquid at present unless it experienced tidal heating a few tens of million years ago. We find that since the thin residual layers may be hypersaline, their induced magnetic fields could be detectable by future spacecraft‐based magnetometers. However, if the ocean is maintained primarily by ammonia, and thus well below the water freezing point, then its electrical conductivity may be too small to be detectable by spacecraft. Lastly, our calculated tidal Love number (k2) and dissipation factor (Q) are consistent with the Q/k2 values previously inferred from dynamical evolution models. In particular, we find that the low Q/k2 estimated for Titania supports the hypothesis that Titania currently holds an ocean.
A pro B cell population forms the apex of the leukemic hierarchy in Hoxa9/Meis1-dependent AML
Authors: Lieske Anna , Agyeman-Duah Eric , Selich Anton , Dörpmund Nicole , Talbot Steven R. , Schambach Axel , Maetzig Tobias
Published: December 2022

Relapse is a major challenge to therapeutic success in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can be partly associated with heterogeneous leukemic stem cell (LSC) properties. In the murine Hoxa9/Meis1-dependent (H9M) AML model, LSC potential lies in three defined immunophenotypes, including Lin−cKit+ progenitor cells (Lin−), Gr1+CD11b+cKit+ myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells (Lym+). Previous reports demonstrated their interconversion and distinct drug sensitivities. In contrast, we here show that H9M AML is hierarchically organized. We, therefore, tracked the developmental potential of LSC phenotypes. This unexpectedly revealed a substantial fraction of Lin− LSCs that failed to regenerate Lym+ LSCs, and that harbored reduced leukemogenic potential. However, Lin− LSCs capable of producing Lym+ LSCs as well as Lym+ LSCs triggered rapid disease development suggestive of their high relapse-driving potential. Transcriptional analyses revealed that B lymphoid master regulators, including Sox4 and Bach2, correlated with Lym+ LSC development and presumably aggressive disease. Lentiviral overexpression of Sox4 and Bach2 induced dedifferentiation of H9M cells towards a lineage-negative state in vitro as the first step of lineage conversion. This work suggests that the potency to initiate a partial B lymphoid primed transcriptional program as present in infant AML correlates with aggressive disease and governs the H9M LSC hierarchy.
Dissecting early life stress-induced adolescent depression through epigenomic approach
Authors: Ochi Shinichiro , Dwivedi Yogesh
Published: December 2022

Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, which can lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood; however, studies on epigenetic modifications associated with ELS and psychiatric disorders in adolescents are limited. Moreover, how these epigenetic modifications can lead to psychiatric disorders in adolescents is not fully understood. Commonly, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs have been attributed to the reprogramming of epigenetic profiling associated with ELS. Although only a few studies have attempted to examine epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, existing evidence suggests that there are commonalities and differences in epigenetic profiling between adolescents and adults. In addition, epigenetic modifications are sex-dependent and are influenced by the type of ELS. In this review, we have critically evaluated the current evidence on epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, particularly DNA methylation and the expression of microRNAs in both preclinical models and humans. We have also clarified the impact of ELS on psychiatric disorders in adolescents to predict the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and to prevent and recover these disorders through personalized medicine.
Association of circadian rhythms with brain disorder incidents: a prospective cohort study of 72242 participants
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Deng Yue-Ting , Li Yu-Zhu , Zhang Ya-Ru , Zhang Wei , Chen Shi-Dong , Wu Bang-Sheng , Yang Liu , Dong Qiang , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: December 2022

Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a shared characteristic of various brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and major depression disorder (MDD). Disruption of circadian rhythm might be a risk factor for brain disorder incidents. From 7-day accelerometry data of 72,242 participants in UK Biobank, we derived a circadian relative amplitude variable, which to some extent reflected the degree of circadian rhythm disruption. Records of brain disorder incidents were obtained from a wide range of health outcomes across self-report, primary care, hospital inpatient data, and death data. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio regression, we created two models adjusting for different covariates. Then, linear correlations between relative amplitude and several brain morphometric measures were examined in participants with brain MRI data. After a median follow-up of around 6.1 years, 72,242 participants were included in the current study (female 54.9%; mean age 62.1 years). Individuals with reduced relative amplitude had increasing risk of all-cause dementia (Hazard ratio 1.23 [95% CI 1.15 to 1.31]), PD (1.33 [1.25 to 1.41]), stroke (1.13 [1.06 to 1.22]), MDD (1.18 [1.13 to 1.23]), and anxiety disorder (1.14 [1.09 to 1.20]) in fully adjusted models. Additionally, significant correlations were found between several cortical regions and white matter tracts and relative amplitude that have been linked to dementia and psychiatric disorders. We confirm CRD to be a risk factor for various brain disorders. Interventions for regulating circadian rhythm may have clinical relevance to reducing the risk of various brain disorders.
Lactate dehydrogenase: relationship with the diagnostic GLIM criterion for cachexia in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: McGovern Josh , Dolan Ross D. , Simmons Claribel P. L. , Daly Louise E. , Ryan Aoife M. , Power Derek G. , Maguire Donogh , Fallon Marie T. , Laird Barry J. , McMillan Donald C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Although suggestive of dysregulated metabolism, the relationship between serum LDH level, phenotypic/aetiologic diagnostic Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and survival in patients with advanced cancer has yet to examined.

Methods

Prospectively collected data from patients with advanced cancer, undergoing anti-cancer therapy with palliative intent, across nine sites in the UK and Ireland between 2011–2016, was retrospectively analysed. LDH values were grouped as <250/250–500/>500 Units/L. Relationships were examined using χ2 test for linear-by-linear association and binary logistics regression analysis.

Results

A total of 436 patients met the inclusion criteria. 46% (n = 200) were male and 59% (n = 259) were ≥65 years of age. The median serum LDH was 394 Units/L and 33.5% (n = 146) had an LDH > 500 Units/L. LDH was significantly associated with ECOG-PS (p < 0.001), NLR (p < 0.05), mGPS (p < 0.05) and 3-month survival (p < 0.001). LDH was significantly associated with 3-month survival independent of weight loss (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.05), skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.01), metastatic disease (p < 0.05), NLR (p < 0.05) and mGPS (p < 0.01).

Discussion

LDH was associated with performance status, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with advanced cancer. LDH measurement may be considered as an aetiologic criteria and become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Processing optimization of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/Tween 80 films
Authors: Carter Joseph L. , Kelly Catherine A. , Jenkins Mike J.
Published: December 2022

The optimum processing conditions for PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/Tween 80 cast films were investigated by considering film quality and resistivity. The thermal stabilities of these materials were found to strongly influence the accessible annealing temperatures, especially in the presence of the conductivity-enhancing agent Tween 80. The resistivities of PEDOT:PSS films with and without Tween 80 decreased by up to 85% with increases in both annealing temperature and time until a plateau was reached. In addition, thermal structural rearrangements of these polymers were the key driving factors that reduced resistivity, with water removal alone insufficient. Finally, the optimum processing conditions for PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/Tween 80 films are detailed.
Overrepresentation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive- and Luminal B breast cancer metastases in the eyes and orbit
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Grossniklaus Hans E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer to spread to the choroid and orbit. Depending on a set of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, breast cancer can be divided into at least four distinct subtypes with separate treatment and clinical course.

Subjects

Thirty-two patients with metastases to the eye and periocular area diagnosed between 2005 and 2020, of which 11 also had primary tumour tissue available. Expression levels of oestrogen- (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and the proliferation marker Ki67 were analysed.

Results

Twenty-five of 32 patients (78%) had a history of primary breast cancer, whereas the remaining 7 (22%) presented with metastatic disease. Of available metastases, 83% were positive for ER, 37% for PR, 54% for HER2, and 50% for Ki67. Metastases had significantly lower proportions of PR-positive cells than primary tumours, and the distribution of the Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple-negative subtypes differed between primary tumours and metastases (P = 0.012): Six of 9 patients with a full set of biomarkers on both primary tumours and metastases switched subtype (67%), and 23 of 32 metastases (77%) were of the Luminal B subtype.

Conclusions

Nearly 4 in 5 breast cancer metastases in the eyes and orbit are of the Luminal B subtype, and a majority are HER2 positive. The breast cancer subtype frequently switches between primary tumours and metastases. Future studies should evaluate these results in larger cohorts.
Ba+2 ion trapping using organic submonolayer for ultra-low background neutrinoless double beta detector
Authors: Herrero-Gómez P. , Calupitan J. P. , Ilyn M. , Berdonces-Layunta A. , Wang T. , de Oteyza D. G. , Corso M. , González-Moreno R. , Rivilla I. , Aparicio B. , Aranburu A. I. , Freixa Z. , Monrabal F. , Cossío F. P. , Gómez-Cadenas J. J. , Rogero C. ,   NEXT collaboration, Adams C. , Almazán H. , Álvarez V. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I. J. , Ayet S. , Azevedo C. D. R. , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J. M. , Borges F. I. G. M. , Bounasser S. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J. V. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Conde C. A. N. , Contreras T. , Denisenko A. A. , Dey E. , Díaz G. , Dickel T. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Fahs A. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A. L. , Foss F. W. , Freitas E. D. C. , Freixa Z. , Generowicz J. , Goldschmidt A. , González-Moreno R. , Guenette R. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C. A. O. , Morata J. A. Hernando , Herrero V. , Ho J. , Ho P. , Ifergan Y. , Jones B. J. P. , Kekic M. , Labarga L. , Larizgoitia L. , Lebrun P. , Gutierrez D. Lopez , López-March N. , Madigan R. , Mano R. D. P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Meziani Z. E. , Miller R. , Mistry K. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Mora F. J. , Vidal J. Muñoz , Navarro K. , Novella P. , Nuñez A. , Nygren D. R. , Oblak E. , Odriozola-Gimeno M. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Querol M. , Redwine A. B. , Renner J. , Ripoll L. , Rodríguez J. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F. P. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Simón A. , Sorel M. , Stanford C. , Teixeira J. M. R. , Toledo J. F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J. F. C. A. , Vuong T. T. , Waiton J. , White J. T.
Published: December 2022

If neutrinos are their own antiparticles the otherwise-forbidden nuclear reaction known as neutrinoless double beta decay can occur. The very long lifetime expected for these exceptional events makes its detection a daunting task. In order to conduct an almost background-free experiment, the NEXT collaboration is investigating novel synthetic molecular sensors that may capture the Ba dication produced in the decay of certain Xe isotopes in a high-pressure gas experiment. The use of such molecular detectors immobilized on surfaces must be explored in the ultra-dry environment of a xenon gas chamber. Here, using a combination of highly sensitive surface science techniques in ultra-high vacuum, we demonstrate the possibility of employing the so-called Fluorescent Bicolor Indicator as the molecular component of the sensor. We unravel the ion capture process for these molecular indicators immobilized on a surface and explain the origin of the emission fluorescence shift associated to the ion trapping.
Iridium single atoms incorporated in Co3O4 efficiently catalyze the oxygen evolution in acidic conditions
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Wang Jiaao , Koketsu Toshinari , Kroschel Matthias , Chen Jin-Ming , Hsu Su-Yang , Henkelman Graeme , Hu Zhiwei , Strasser Peter , Ma Jiwei
Published: December 2022

Designing active and stable electrocatalysts with economic efficiency for acidic oxygen evolution reaction is essential for developing proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Herein, we report on a cobalt oxide incorporated with iridium single atoms (Ir-Co3O4), prepared by a mechanochemical approach. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that Ir atoms are partially oxidized to active Ir>4+ during the reaction, meanwhile Ir and Co atoms with their bridged electrophilic O ligands acting as active sites, are jointly responsible for the enhanced performance. Theoretical calculations further disclose the isolated Ir atoms can effectively boost the electronic conductivity and optimize the energy barrier. As a result, Ir-Co3O4 exhibits significantly higher mass activity and turnover frequency than those of benchmark IrO2 in acidic conditions. Moreover, the catalyst preparation can be easily scaled up to gram-level per batch. The present approach highlights the concept of constructing single noble metal atoms incorporated cost-effective metal oxides catalysts for practical applications.
Unconventional isoquinoline-based SERMs elicit fulvestrant-like transcriptional programs in ER+ breast cancer cells
Authors: Hancock G. R. , Young K. S. , Hosfield D. J. , Joiner C. , Sullivan E. A. , Yildiz Y. , Lainé M. , Greene G. L. , Fanning S. W.
Published: December 2022

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-dependent master transcriptional regulator and key driver of breast cancer pathology. Small molecule hormones and competitive antagonists favor unique ERα conformational ensembles that elicit ligand-specific transcriptional programs in breast cancer and other hormone-responsive tissues. By affecting disparate ligand binding domain structural features, unconventional ligand scaffolds can redirect ERα genomic binding patterns to engage novel therapeutic transcriptional programs. To improve our understanding of these ERα structure-transcriptional relationships, we develop a series of chemically unconventional antagonists based on the antiestrogens elacestrant and lasofoxifene. High-resolution x-ray co-crystal structures show that these molecules affect both classical and unique structural motifs within the ERα ligand binding pocket. They show moderately reduced antagonistic potencies on ERα genomic activities but are effective anti-proliferative agents in luminal breast cancer cells. Interestingly, they favor a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-like accumulation of ERα in breast cancer cells but lack uterotrophic activities in an endometrial cell line. Importantly, RNA sequencing shows that the lead molecules engage transcriptional pathways similar to the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant. This advance shows that fulvestrant-like genomic activities can be achieved without affecting ERα accumulation in breast cancer cells.
Cortical–hippocampal coupling during manifold exploration in motor cortex
Authors: Kim Jaekyung , Joshi Abhilasha , Frank Loren , Ganguly Karunesh
Published: December 2022

Systems consolidation—a process for long-term memory stabilization—has been hypothesized to occur in two stages1–4. Whereas new memories require the hippocampus5–9, they become integrated into cortical networks over time10–12, making them independent of the hippocampus. How hippocampal–cortical dialogue precisely evolves during this and how cortical representations change in concert is unknown. Here, we use a skill learning task13,14 to monitor the dynamics of cross-area coupling during non-rapid eye movement sleep along with changes in primary motor cortex (M1) representational stability. Our results indicate that precise cross-area coupling between hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and M1 can demarcate two distinct stages of processing. We specifically find that each animal demonstrates a sharp increase in prefrontal cortex and M1 sleep slow oscillation coupling with stabilization of performance. This sharp increase then predicts a drop in hippocampal sharp-wave ripple (SWR)–M1 slow oscillation coupling—suggesting feedback to inform hippocampal disengagement and transition to a second stage. Notably, the first stage shows significant increases in hippocampal SWR–M1 slow oscillation coupling in the post-training sleep and is closely associated with rapid learning and variability of the M1 low-dimensional manifold. Strikingly, even after consolidation, inducing new manifold exploration by changing task parameters re-engages hippocampal–M1 coupling. We thus find evidence for dynamic hippocampal–cortical dialogue associated with manifold exploration during learning and adaptation.
Marine phytoplankton community data and corresponding environmental properties from eastern Norway, 1896–2020
Authors: Lundsør Elisabeth , Lømsland Evy Rigmor , Johnsen Torbjørn Martin , Engesmo Anette , King Andrew Luke , Staalstrøm Andrè , Norli Marit , Magnusson Jan , Sørensen Kai , Edvardsen Bente , Eikrem Wenche
Published: December 2022

Time series are essential for studying the long-term effects of human impact and climatic changes on the natural environment. Although data exist, no long-term phytoplankton dataset for the Norwegian coastal area has been compiled and made publicly available in a standardised format. Here we report on a compilation of phytoplankton data from inner Oslofjorden going back more than a century. The database contains 605 sampling events from 1896 to 2020, and environmental data has also been provided when available. Although the sampling frequency has varied over time, the high taxonomic quality and relatively similar methodology make it very useful. For the last 15 years (2006–2020), the sampling frequency has been almost monthly throughout the year. This dataset can be used for time series analysis to understand community structure and changes over time. It can also be used to study common taxa’ responses to environmental variables and changes, seasonal or annual species diversity and be useful for developing ecological indicators.
Arbitrary entanglement of three qubits via linear optics
Authors: Blasiak Pawel , Borsuk Ewa , Markiewicz Marcin
Published: December 2022

We present a linear-optical scheme for generating an arbitrary state of three qubits. It requires only three independent particles in the input and post-selection of the coincidence type at the output. The success probability of the protocol is equal for any desired state. Furthermore, the optical design remains insensitive to particle statistics (bosons, fermions or anyons). This approach builds upon the no-touching paradigm, which demonstrates the utility of particle indistinguishability as a resource of entanglement for practical applications.
A comparative screening of laccase-mediator systems by white-rot fungi laccases for biocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Marino Ivana , Pignataro Eugenia , Danzi Donatella , Cellini Francesco , Cardellicchio Cosimo , Biundo Antonino , Pisano Isabella , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M.
Published: December 2022

Production of value-added compounds from waste materials is of utmost importance for the development of a sustainable society especially regarding their use as catalysts in industrially relevant synthetic reactions. Herein, we show the production of laccases from four white-rot fungi, which were grown on agricultural residues, specifically Trametes versicolor 11269, Pleurotus ostreatus 1020, Panus tigrinus 707 and Lentinula edodes SC-495. The produced laccases were tested on a laccase-mediator system (LMS) for the biocatalytic oxidation of the model substrate benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The LMS was carried out in the presence both of tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent and of the mediator 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) due to its high redox potential and its ability to perform the oxidation. Tolerance studies showed that the dialyzed solutions were able to tolerate 1% (99:1 v/v) of co-solvent, whereas a concentration of 10% v/v had a detrimental activity. Performances in the biocatalytic oxidation of laccase solutions from different purification steps were compared. Similar conversion was observed for laccase in dialysis (raw) and gel filtration (GF) product versus commercial T. versicolor laccase. The latter oxidized almost 99% of substrate while the other laccase solutions were able to reach a conversion from 91% for the laccase solution from P. tigrinus 707 after dialysis, to 50% for the laccase solution from P. ostreatus 1020 after gel filtration. This work highlights the potential of unpurified laccase solutions to be used as catalysts in synthetic reactions.
Characterization of Boeremia exigua causing stem necrotic lesions on Luobuma in northwest China
Authors: Lan Yanru , Duan Tingyu
Published: December 2022

Luobuma (Apocynum venetum, Poacynum pictum, and P. hendersonni) are perennial herbs widely used in the textile and medical industries and ecological restoration. In the summer of 2020, reddish-brown or off-white sunken shape necrotic lesions were observed on the stems and shoots of seven Luobuma ecotypes grown in the field in Yuzhong County, Gansu province of China, which is a limiting factor that affects the growth, function and application of Luobuma. To make clear whether the new symptoms were caused by a novel pathogen, a combined research in field and greenhouse was conducted. Based on the morphological and molecular analysis results, the pathogen causing the necrotic lesions was identified as Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica. The incidence and disease index of the seven ecotypes in the field ranged from 11.49 to 33.68% and 6.63 to 23.01, respectively, from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that the disease severity gradually increased with the growing season. According to the pathogenicity analysis of the eight ecotypes in the greenhouse, the ecotypes Pp-BMK and Pp-BMH were susceptible, while ecotype Pp-BMQ was resistant to Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica infection. Thus, the present study provides a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the stem and leaf necrotic lesions disease on Luobuma by planting resistant varieties/ecotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem necrotic lesions and leaf spots on Luobuma caused by B. exigua var. rhapontica.
Effect of social support on anxiety of medical staff one year after COVID-19 outbreak: a moderated mediating model
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhong Xiao , Fu Haojie , Hu Ruilin , He Mengting , Zhang Guanzi
Published: December 2022

One year after the outbreak of COVID-19, medical staff are facing high anxiety due to multiple work stresses. Social support has become a protective factor for healthcare workers' anxiety symptoms, but the exact mechanism of action is not yet known. Based on the buffering model, this study aims to explore the impact and mechanisms of action of healthcare workers' perception of social support (PSS) on anxiety symptoms in the context of the epidemic and to further explore how the emotional characteristics of risk perception (ECRP) and resilience play their influence. To this end, this study measured 839 healthcare workers using an online questionnaire from 4 February to 1 March 2021. The results found that PSS among healthcare workers negatively predicted anxiety symptoms. ECRP partially mediated the relationship between PSS and anxiety symptoms, and resilience moderated the first half of the pathway in the model of PSS through ECRP on anxiety symptoms. The emotional characteristics of risk perception of COVID-19 in individuals with high resilience decrease significantly with the increase of PSS, while this change is not significant in individuals with low resilience.
The development of audio–visual temporal precision precedes its rapid recalibration
Authors: Han Shui’er , Chen Yi-Chuan , Maurer Daphne , Shore David I. , Lewis Terri L. , Stanley Brendan M. , Alais David
Published: December 2022

Through development, multisensory systems reach a balance between stability and flexibility: the systems integrate optimally cross-modal signals from the same events, while remaining adaptive to environmental changes. Is continuous intersensory recalibration required to shape optimal integration mechanisms, or does multisensory integration develop prior to recalibration? Here, we examined the development of multisensory integration and rapid recalibration in the temporal domain by re-analyzing published datasets for audio–visual, audio–tactile, and visual–tactile combinations. Results showed that children reach an adult level of precision in audio–visual simultaneity perception and show the first sign of rapid recalibration at 9 years of age. In contrast, there was very weak rapid recalibration for other cross-modal combinations at all ages, even when adult levels of temporal precision had developed. Thus, the development of audio–visual rapid recalibration appears to require the maturation of temporal precision. It may serve to accommodate distance-dependent travel time differences between light and sound.