bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three quarters of insects are insufficiently covered by protected areas
Authors: Chowdhury Shawan , Zalucki Myron , Hanson Jeffrey , Tiatragul Sarin , Green David , Watson James , Fuller Richard
Published: June 2022

Insects dominate the biosphere, driving ecosystem processes and functions that sustain humanity, yet insect populations are plummeting worldwide1. Massive conservation efforts will be needed to halt and reverse these declines2,3. Protected areas (PAs) could play a decisive role in safeguarding insect species from extinction4, but progress so far in achieving coverage of insect distributions by PAs remains undocumented. Here we show that 67,384 of 89,151 insect species assessed globally (76%) do not meet minimum target levels of PA coverage. Nearly 1,900 species from 225 families do not overlap with PAs at all. Species with low PA coverage predominantly occur in North America, Eastern Europe, South and Southeast Asia, and Australasia. The Post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework5 provides a unique opportunity for nations to guide new PA designations that specifically take account of the needs of insects. Efforts to map important biodiversity areas now need to be upscaled to ensure nations capture and safeguard insect diversity.
SARS-CoV-2-Related Bat Virus in Human Relevant Models Sheds Light on the Proximal Origin of COVID-19
Authors: Temmam Sarah , Montagutelli Xavier , Hérate Cécile , Donati Flora , Regnault Beatrice , Attia Mikaël , Salazar Eduard Baquero , Chrétien Delphine , Conquet Laurine , Jouvion Grégory , Fonseca Juliana Pipoli da , Cokelaer Thomas , Amara Faustine , Relouzat Francis , Naninck Thibaut , Lemaitre Julien , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Pascal Quentin , Bonomi Max , Bigot Thomas , Munier Sandie , Rey Félix , Grand Roger Le , Werf Sylvie van der , Eloit Marc
Published: June 2022

Bat sarbecovirus BANAL-236 is highly related to SARS-CoV-2 and infects human cells, albeit lacking the furin cleavage site in its spike protein. To inform on the origin of SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated the clinical, epidemiological and evolutionary consequences of a potential BANAL-236 spillover into humans using animal models. The virus replicates efficiently and pauci-symptomatically in humanized mice and in macaques, where its tropism is enteric, strongly differing from that of SARS-CoV-2. BANAL-236 infection leads to protection against superinfection by a more virulent strain like Wuhan SARS-CoV-2. Yet we found no evidence of antibodies recognizing bat sarbecoviruses in populations highly exposed to bats, indicating that such infections, if they occur, are rare. Six passages in mice or in human intestinal cells, mimicking putative early spillover events, selected adaptive mutations without appearance of a furin cleavage site and not change in virulence. We thus conclude that the hypothesis of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic being preceded by silent circulation in humans of BANAL-236-like strains leading to the acquisition of a furin cleavage site is unlikely. Our studies suggest that a specific search for a furin cleavage site in sarbecoviruses in the wild should be pursued to understand the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics.
Physical and Functional Evaluations in Oncological Patients Elective to Medium and Large Operations
Authors: Junior Roberto Carlos Vieira , Machado Ailton Silva , Faria Sérgio Itacarambi Guasque , Ávila Eudes Thiago Pereira , de Almeida Paula Caroline , Ghayomzadeh Morteza , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Navalta James Wilfred , Voltarelli Fabrício Azevedo
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the physical and functional capacity and the risk of sarcopenia on the length of hospital stay and deaths in preoperative cancer patients. Methods: Preoperative patients admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Mato Grosso comprised the sample. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle data, and a questionnaire for sarcopenia screening were collected. Subsequently, total body mass, height, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance were evaluated. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (25.0). The significance level was 5%. Results: We observed 12 (7.4%) patients with low muscle strength, 20 (12.3%) patients with low muscle mass, 11 (6.8%) patients with low physical performance, and 18 (11.1%) patients with scores for possible sarcopenia. When the risk of sarcopenia was observed, 44 (27.2%) patients had at least one risk related to muscle disorder. When analyzing the prevalence and association of sarcopenia with sociodemographic variables, we observed that education level was associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.031). In addition, there was an association between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative death (p = 0.006). Finally, there were important correlations between muscle strength and physical performance (p <0.05), between muscle strength and the sarcopenia questionnaire (p <0.001), and between physical performance and the sarcopenia questionnaire (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest the need for counseling and the need to evaluate patients for risk of sarcopenia, since early intervention, such as dietary supplementation and physical exercise, may favor a better postoperative prognosis, possibly corresponding to shorter hospital stays and longer survival and quality of life for patients, especially those who will undergo surgical procedures.
The Role of Financial Inclusion and its Gender Patterns in Poverty Reduction among Rice Farmers of Gihanga District in Burundi.
Authors: Gildas Irakoze , Wilson Ndyetabula Daniel
Published: June 2022

Purpose Poverty remains a global concern and specifically in Burundi. Regarding such situation, financial inclusion has been adopted as one of the poverty alleviation’s instruments although little is known about its effectiveness in Burundi. It is therefore with the intention of filling this gap that the current research was undertaken. Design/Methods/ApproachUsing a quasi-experimental design, with cross-sectional data collected from 388 rice farmers in Gihanga District of Burundi, this study assess the effect of financial inclusion and its gender patterns on poverty reduction. We use probit model and propensity score matching to that effect.Findings Apparently sex and age are negatively associated with financial inclusion status, while the household size and education level positively correlates with rice farmers' financial inclusion status. The impact of financial inclusion in poverty reduction seems to be mixed. For example, a significant positive difference is only observed in food security for financially included rice farmers in comparison to excluded ones. This is not the case in wealth assets. Additionally, there is a significant difference in wealth assets for women financially included in contrast to men financially included, while a significant difference is skewed to financially included men in food consumption. In sum, financial inclusion impacts poverty reduction differently. OriginalityThe policymaking processes should therefore focus on reducing the gender gap. Government and development partners should generalize digital finance in the transactions system in Burundi and include a sustainable strategy for assets accumulation for beneficiaries of financial services.
Characterization of the brain of the Red Mayan octopus (Octopus Maya)
Authors: Ovalle Fabian Vergara , Navarrete Alejandro González , Castillo Hugo Sánchez
Published: June 2022

Octopuses show a wide behavioral range that allows them great adaptability to their environment this has permitted them to be the target of great interest for biophysics, cytology, and neurobiology studies. To adequately execute these investigations, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the neuroanatomy of species that function as good laboratory models, for example, O. Maya. In this work, we undertake the task of extracting and characterizing the various structures of the nervous system of O. Maya at the level of lobes and connectivity between them. Serial sections at 70–80µm for sagittal and coronal plains from the brains of adult and young individuals were stained using Nissl, Hematoxylin, and Eosin (H&E) to visualize the perikarya. We determined the morphology of 30 lobes in the brain of O. Maya from young and adult specimens and the cells that constitute the connectivity pathways between these regions. We also observed that the brains of O. Maya at four weeks after hatching do not show a fully mature brain, but rather that some lobes related to somatosensory memory have low cell density and a simple morphology than that of adult specimens. It is indicative of a maturation process that should be considered for future experimental designs. We hope that this nervous system mapping will increase the basis for more detailed investigations into the neurophysiology of O. Maya and other octopuses.
Community Reach: Community-Based Screening Program for Hepatitis C Among People Who Use Drugs, Arizona
Authors: Snyder Cassidy , Broman Karen , Meyerson Beth , Choudhury Tripti , Rosa Joby De La , Garcia Roberto C. , Lizarraga Angelica Garcia , Levin Steven , Sieloff Deseree , Sweet Rachael , Weiss Turiya , Wettemann Courteney , Yamaguchi Dusti
Published: June 2022

Background
Efforts to eliminate hepatitis C are hampered by the inability to reach communities with screening opportunities, especially people who use drugs.
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility and impact of a community-based hepatitis C screening program for people who use drugs in Arizona.
Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of hepatitis C screening and participant survey data gathered from July 18, 2019 through March 23, 2020. The primary outcome measure was a reactive HCV test. The survey measured demographics in an open-ended manner, presenting an array of response options allowing participants to self-define their identities. The analysis was conducted in 2021.
Results
The sample included 541 people from 12 of Arizona’s 15 counties. Over half of the sample (50.8%) reported ever injecting drugs and 21% of the participants were reactive for HCV.
Conclusions
Community-based HCV screening among people who use drugs by harm reduction organizations will significantly assist public health efforts to identify people in need of curative HCV treatment early and within supportive environments to address it.
The role of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of glioblastoma progression
Authors: Ryabova A. I. , Novikov V. A. , Choynzonov E. L. , Spirina L. V. , Yunusova N. V. , Ponomareva A. A. , Tamkovich S. N. , Gribova O. V.
Published: June 2022

Purpose: to summarize available data on the diagnostic value of various circulating biomarkers for the detection of glioblastoma recurrence. Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted using PubMED ExoCarta and SILVA databases. Results. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common glioma in adults with an unfavorable prognosis. Treatment of tumor recurrence can improve the survival of patients. Neuroimaging is the standard method of diagnosing brain tumor recurrence. However, a neuroimaging method to clearly distinguish between pseudo progression and tumor progression has not been found to date. Current molecular tumor profling relies heavily on tissue resection or biopsy. Tissue profling has several disadvantages in the central nervous system’s tumors, including the challenge associated with invasive biopsy, the heterogeneous nature of many malignancies where a small biopsy can under represent the mutational profle. Liquid biopsy is a promising method in diagnosing malignant tumors. Blood collection is a simple, minimally invasive procedure, but cerebrospinal fuid allows tumor markers to be detected more confdently. However, collection of cerebrospinal fuid is a complex and invasive procedure that can be accompanied by serious complications. Conclusion. Biological fuid markers such as circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNA and cell-free RNA allow for the detection of GMB, determination of molecular genetic features of cancer during response to therapy, and early detection of GBM recurrence.
Circulating tumor cells in oncology
Authors: Vodolazhsky D. I. , Nekhaeva T. L. , Baldueva I. A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of the study: to identify general patterns in the presence of detectable amounts of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients and their ability to form metastases in distant tissues and organs, as well as to summarize the biological properties and interactions of CTCs with other cell types during intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, which involve changes in CTC phenotypes that are regulated by many signaling molecules, including cytokines and chemokines. Material and Methods. We analyzed publications available from PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/), Web of Science (https://apps.webofknowledge. com/WOS_GeneralSearch), Cancer Tomorrow (https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en), and Global cancer observatory (https://gco.iarc.fr) databases between 2000–2021 using the keywords “circulating tumor cells”, “biomarker”, “metastasis” and others. Results. Monitoring of blood levels of CTCs can have exceptional prognostic and monitoring implications. Liquid biopsy to detect CTCs and their progeny can be used to diagnose cancer in the general population, as well as to predict biomarkers in cancer patients. The improvement in the CTC detection technology and clinical trials in large prospective studies will increase the clinical usefulness of these marker cells. Understanding of their biology and interactions with other cell types, especially with the immune cells, and the development of CTC immunotherapy also holds great promise in cancer therapy. Conclusion. Currently, CTCs are not routinely used in clinical practice, but research in this area continues to accumulate the data on the clinical validity of CTC detection. This is due to the feasibility of monitoring the patient’s condition using liquid biopsy for the CTC detection. We present an overview of the clinical value of CTCs as a biomarker, as well as key studies examining the clinical usefulness of CTCs.
ROR1 and BMI-1 proteins as potential predictors of the effectiveness of hormone therapy in luminal breast cancer
Authors: Tarakanova V. O. , Krakhmal N. V. , Patalyak S. V. , Tarasov M. N. , Babyshkina N. N. , Vtorushin S. V.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to generalize information regarding the molecular and biological mechanisms involved in the resistance to endocrine therapy with aromatase inhibitors in patients with luminal breast cancer. Material and Methods. The literature search was conducted using Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary and PubMed databases. Results. The review highlights the results of international studies on molecular and biological characteristics of breast tumors and their relationship with the effectiveness of hormone therapy. Particular attention was paid to the description of modern studies on ROR1 and BMI-1 proteins and their contribution to the development of tumor resistance to treatment. Conclusion. The analysis of the world literature confrms the relevance of studying the molecular and genetic characteristics of tumor tissue in patients with luminal breast cancer. The data obtained were compared to the clinical course and response to hormone therapy in order to standardize them for implementation in everyday practice as the “gold standard of diagnosis”.
Primary malt-tracheal lymphoma: case report
Authors: Pikin O. V. , Telegina L. V. , Kaplanskaya I. B. , Kuteneva N. V. , Barmin V. V. , Semikina D. V.
Published: June 2022

Background. Tracheal cancer accounts 2 % of all upper respiratory tract cancers, with the incidence of 0.1 cases per 100,000 people per year. Primary tracheal MALT-lymphoma is extremely rare, and therefore there is no clearly established approach to the treatment of this disease. There are several effective positions regarding the choice of therapy. This article discusses the feasibility of endoscopic surgical treatment of primary tracheal lymphoma. The review of the literature presents current data on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment strategy for this disease. Description of the clinical case. A 72-year-old patient was admitted to the Thoracic Surgical Department of the P.A. Hertzen Cancer Research Center with complaints of shortness of breath with moderate physical exertion and dry cough. The examination revealed a tumor in the upper third of the trachea showing an exophytic growth, and grade I–III tracheal stenosis. To restore the lumen of the trachea and prevent complications, the endoscopic resection of the exophytic part of the tumor was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed MALT-lymphoma of the trachea. Taking into consideration the indolent form of lymphoma, small size of the tumor, patient’s age and comorbidity, there were no indications for systemic anticancer therapy. The patient was recommended to be followed up. The patient is alive with no evidence of disease recurrence. Conclusion. This case report demonstrates the feasibility of performing organ-preserving endoscopic surgery in the patient with primary tracheal MALT-lymphoma. Taking into consideration the exophytic form of the tumor growth, endoscopic surgery made it possible to avoid unnecessary open tracheal resection, thus signifcantly improving the quality of life of the patient.
Medullary thyroid cancer in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis after covid-19
Authors: Ryabchenko E. V.
Published: June 2022

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic of the new millennium. COVID-19 can cause both pulmonary and systemic infammation, and can rapidly progress to multiple organ failure. Data on the relationship between COVID-19 and the thyroid gland have been available since March 2020. The thyroid gland and viral infection as well as associated infammatory-immune reactions participate in a complex interaction. The most common autoimmune disease is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis). The majority of medullary thyroid cancers present as a thyroid nodule. Cervical lymph nodes and distant metastases are often detected at the time of diagnosis. The development of autoantibodies may be part of a more complex protective antitumor mechanism, the purpose of which is to eliminate the precursors of future tumor cells. The purpose of the study was to describe a clinical case of diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer in the patient who had COVID-19. Case description. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who had coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), which was accompanied by an increase in serum procalcitonin (PC) level, which required additional examination. Since 2020, she had been observed for autoimmune thyroiditis, which was manifested by a thyroid nodular of a small size. After discharge from the COVID hospital, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland revealed an increase in the left lobe thyroid nodule up to 15 mm. The level of calcitonin was 681 pg/ml. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the thyroid gland showed suspicion for medullary thyroid cancer. Thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (level VI) was performed. A planned histological examination of the surgical specimen confrmed medullary thyroid cancer. Conclusion. In the present clinical case, medullary thyroid cancer was detected in the patient who had COVID-19 with elevated PC level, which was the basis for a diagnostic search.
The Market for Green Buildings in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experts Perspective on the Economic Benefits in Ghana
Authors:   Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, GHANA, Addy Michael Nii , Adinyira Emmanuel ,   Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, GHANA, Dadzoe Florence ,   Department of Construction Technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, GHANA, Opoku Desmond ,   Department of Architecture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, GHANA
Published: June 2022

Part of the ideals of promoting sustainability is the green building (GB) concept. Nevertheless, the uptake and use of GBs amongst most stakeholders in Africa are still on the low. Despite the plethora of studies on the economic benefits of green building, there is a dearth in studying the benefits in Africa. Within these economies, the presence of market restrictions, socio-cultural and political factors may mitigate against these benefits. This study seeks to unearth the economic benefits of GBs within the context of a sub-Saharan African country, Ghana. By adopting a quantitative research approach, a comprehensive literature review was first conducted. This was followed by the use of a questionnaire survey. A structured questionnaire was issued to building consultants in Ghana to elicit their perspectives on the economic gains of GBs. Mean scores, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were respectively used to rank and assess the level of agreements amongst the various consultants on the economic benefits. Five economic benefits were identified from the study. This includes savings in energy, lower lifetime cost, lower operational cost, increased work productivity and "transforms the construction industry". The findings show that most of the economic benefits identified from literature cannot be realised in the study region, including "high return on investment" and "increase in building value". Consequently, building energy cost seems to play a crucial role in pushing the demand for the GB within the study milieu. The study provides a contextual understanding of economic benefits, useful to construction clients, property owners, real estate investors, consultants and the research environment. The findings are useful in providing market enablers to enhance a large-scale uptake of green construction. It is recommended that the provision of GBs should not be limited to only its impact on the environment and sustainability but also affordability concerns. This study provides a unique contextual perspective on the economic benefit of GB in a sub-Saharan African country.
Exploring the Factors and Measures to Improve Safety in Road Construction in India
Authors:   Discipline of Civil Engineering, Sustainable Transportation Research Group, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, SOUTH AFRICA, Das Dillip Kumar
Published: June 2022

Accidents at road construction sites are pervasive in India. Therefore, using data obtained from construction sites on a national highway in India, the major factors that contribute to the occurrence of accidents were explored in this study and various strategic and operational interventions that could be implemented to improve safety in road construction were established. A survey was conducted among the relevant stakeholders to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Inferential statistical methods, including ordinal regression modelling, were used to analyse quantitative data and narrative and interpretive methods were used to analyse qualitative data. Based on the results, it was found that several factors, related to four important aspects, contribute significantly to the occurrence of accidents, including site conditions, traffic conditions, behaviour and attitude of construction workers, and information and training. It was established that operational interventions, such as the installation of early warning systems, mandatory use of safety equipment and gear, and signage and control at road construction sites can reduce accidents significantly. In addition, strategic interventions, such as implementing a specific road construction safety policy, creating awareness among the stakeholders and including the cost of health and safety in the project cost are vital. However, it was found that operational interventions are more influential than strategic interventions in the context of safety on road construction sites.
The iron spin transition of deep nitrogen-bearing mineral Fe3N1.2 at high pressure
Authors: Lv Chaojia , Liu Jin
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen is an essential element for life, one of the most abundant volatiles in the atmosphere, and an important component in the Earth’s interior, where iron nitride is an essential host of deep nitrogen. Here, we investigate the pressure-induced electronic spin-pairing transition of iron in siderazot (Fe3N1.2) at pressures up to 45.8 GPa at room temperature, using diamond-anvil cell techniques coupled with synchrotron X-ray emission spectroscopy. The integrated intensity of the satellite emission peak (K′β) decreases upon compression but remains unchanged at pressures greater than 30.5 GPa. In other words, the high-spin to low-spin transition of iron in Fe3N1.2 starts immediately at very low pressures and completes at ~30.5 GPa. The iron spin transition completion pressures increase with the nitrogen concentration of hexagonal close-packed iron nitrides (i.e., Fe3N1.2, Fe7N3, and Fe2N). Moreover, the identity and concentration of light elements in binary iron-rich compounds such as Fe3N, Fe3C, Fe3P, Fe3S, Fe7C3, and Fe7N3, together with their crystal structure, could affect the iron spin transition pressures. The spin transition of iron-rich alloys could alter the bonding nature and the physical properties, including the thermal and electrical conductivity, thereby influencing the thermal state and evolution of planetary interiors.
DAPSONE HYPERSENSITIVITY SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh., Parlapalli Sailajapriyadarsini , Babu Bandar Sekhar ,   Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh., Kumar Mudragadda Upendra ,   Deparment of Dermatology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
Published: June 2022

Dapsone a sulfonamide drug used mainly in the treatment of Leprosy and various other several bacterial infections. Rarely Dapsone can lead to hypersensitive reaction characterised by fever, yellowish sclera and other systems involved. We report a 17 year old patient presented with fever, jaundice and generalised edema with a history of borderline tuberculoid leprosy receiving Dapsone, clofizamine and Rifampicin. After confirming Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome, Dapsone is stopped and treated with corticosteroids, antibiotics, Glutathione and patient recovered gradually.
SEVERE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA COMPLICATED BY ACUTE MYOCARDITIS(CASE REPORT)
Authors:   Internal Medicine Resident, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Abdulmohsen Almousa Arif , Soliman Ahmed ,   Cardiology Consultant, SBCC.
Published: June 2022

Although there are a variety of tools and modalities for diagnosing and treating malaria, it is still regarded as one of the most common diseases with high mortality and morbidity1. Different unusual presentations can be seen in the form of ARDS, myocarditis, and hemophagocytosis2, and a high suspicion should be raised to prompt early aggressive antimalarial therapy and reduce complications.
A STUDY OF PROGNOSTIC SCORES TO PREDICT THE OUTCOME IN CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS
Authors:   Postgraduate student, Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Challa Anusha , Upputuri Arunakumari ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Raju Garuda Butchi ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Seepana Gopi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Talabhaktula Sateeshkumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: June 2022

Background:Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is a multifactorial condition with wide clinical presentation. They have favourable prognosis but 15% die or become dependent. Hence, there is need for user friendly risk scoring system which helps in clinical decision making and predicting prognosis. Methods:The present study was a prospective observational study of CVT patients from April, 2018 to February, 2019 at Department of Neurology, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, and followed up for three months. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of CVT based on history and radiological findings were studied. All the patients were assessed for CVT Grading Scale, CVST Scoring and CVT Risk Score. Results:Sixty-six CVT patients were enrolled with mean age of 32.4years. CVT Risk score can predict poor outcome if cut off score is above 3 with sensitivity of 92 % and specificity of 20 %. Prediction of prognosis and brain lesions by CVT risk score analysed by Fischer exact test is highly significant (p= 0.00). CVT Risk Score and CVT Grade Scale had high sensitivity in predicting prognosis at one and three months. CVT grading scale with mild scores had good outcome and those with severe grading had poor outcome. Conclusion:Prognostic Scores in Indian population was a novel study in CVT patients. Despite low specificity, it can be used to avoid unnecessary or dangerous intervention in low-risk patients and identifies high-risk patients with poor prognosis, who require intensive interventions, such as local IV thrombolysis and decompressive surgery.
A BROAD REVIEW ON SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) : QUEEN OF ALL HERBS
Authors:   PG Scholar (Ayu). DravyagunaDepartment, A & U Tibbia College & Hospital, KarolBagh, New Delhi., Dahiya Lalita , Sharma Rajesh ,   Associate Professor (Ayu), H.O.D, DravyagunaDepartment, A & U Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, New Delhi., Sharma Sakshi ,   Senior Research Officer (Ayu), Ayurveda Central Research Institute, West Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi.
Published: June 2022

Asparagus racemosus Wild. (fam. Asparagaceae1) also named as shatavari is used in Indian Ayurveda over centuries. It is also called as herbs queen2. A. racemosus helps to balance vata and pitta, improve the reproductive and digestive health, helps in diabetes mellitus, reduce the stress levels, controls high cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It is widely used in infertility, cancer, depression, oedema, infection like bacterial or fungal, epilepsy, kidney disorders, chronic fevers, excessive heat, stomach ulcers and liver cancer, increases milk secretion in nursing mothers and regulates sexual behaviors. All the parts have pharmaceutical properties, but the stems, roots and leaves are mostly used as medicine. Its major constituents are steroidal saponins. Roots consist of Isoflavones, racemosol, polysaccharides, asparagamine, mucilage and,many vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid3.This article is to review the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities to understand how asparagus have potential to cure diseases.
REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OFNYMPHAEA NOUCHALI
Authors:   PG Scholar (Ayu). Dravyaguna Department, A & U Tibbia College & Hospital, Karol Bagh, New Delhi., Dahiya Lalita , Sharma Rajesh ,   Associate Professor (Ayu), H.O.D, Dravyaguna Department, A & U Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, New Delhi., Sharma Sakshi ,   Senior Research Officer (Ayu), Ayurveda Central Research Institute, West Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi.
Published: June 2022

Kumud the herb mentioned with different names in Nighantu is one of the herbs useful in Rakta and Pitta Doshas. It is well known herb in ayurveda with many medicinal properties. Blue lotus, red and blue aquatic plant, star lotus, or manel flower are number of the common names for it. It is also called as Indian Blue lotus. It belongs to the southern and eastern parts of Asia, and also known as the national flower of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Its Sanskrit name is utpala. It is a well-known herb found in Indian classical text and also used in Siddha medicinal system. Due to its bitter taste, it is widely used in pitta disorders and helps in reducing fever as well as acts as a cooling agent for the body. Many studies showed it hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antidiabetic, DNA protecting activities, antimicrobial activities, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities along with its traditional uses.The present review focus on modern pharmacological actions of traditional herb.
An Ilkhanate Ambassador in Europe: Rabban Bar Sawma A Journey from East to West in the Footsteps of Marco Polo
Authors: EKİCİ Kansu , KİRİŞOĞLU Alican
Published: June 2022

Öngüt asıllı Nasturi bir Hristiyan olan Rabban Bar Sauma muhtemelen 1220’li yıllarda Moğol hakimiyetindeki Hanbalık’ta (Pekin) doğmuştur. Genç yaştan itibaren kendisini din adamı olmaya adamış ve münzevi bir hayat seçmiştir. Rahiplik rütbesini aldıktan sonra inancını halka aktarırken öğrencisi olan Markos’un ısrarıyla hem hac görevlerini yerine getirmek hem de kutsal emanetleri görmek için Kudüs’e gitmek üzere Pekin’den yola çıkmışlardır. Orta Asya’daki zorlu yolculuğun ardından İrân’a gelen iki seyyah buradan Filistin’e uzanan yolların İlhanlı-Memlûklu çatışmaları yüzünden kapalı olması nedeniyle amaçlarına ulaşamamışlardır. Bir süre Bağdâd’da ikamet eden seyyahların kaderi Nasturi Katolikos Denha’nın ölümüyle değişmiş Markos, Moğollarla daha iyi ilişkiler kurmak isteyen Nasturi din adamlarının ısrarıyla Mar Yabh-Allaha adını alarak Bağdâd’da yeni Katolikos olmuştur. İslamiyeti kabul etmiş olan İlhan Ahmed Tekûdâr’den sonra 1284 yılında ilhan olan Argûn Han, Avrupa devletleriyle kesilen ilişkileri tekrardan canlandırmak istemiş ve bu minvalde kendi döneminde Memlûklar üzerine askeri bir ittifak önerisiyle Avrupa’ya beş elçilik heyeti göndermiştir. Söz konusu beş elçilik heyetinden ikincisine başkanlık yapan Rabban Bar Sauma, elçi olarak görevlendirilmesinin ardından Bağdâd’daki Nasturi Patrikhanesi’nin Papa’ya göndermek istediği hediyeler ile İlhan Argûn’un Papa’ya ve Avrupa hükümdarlarına gönderdiği mektupları ve hediyeleri alarak bir buçuk yıl süren yolculuğuna çıkmıştır. Trabzon’dan deniz yoluyla Konstantinopolis’e varan Rabban Bar Sauma ve elçilik heyeti buradan yine deniz yoluyla Napoli’ye gitmiş; Roma, Cenova, Paris ve Bordeaux şehirlerine giderek Papa ile Fransa ve İngiltere krallarıyla diplomatik temaslarda bulunmuş ardından görevini tamamlayarak Tebriz’e 1288 yazında sağ salim dönmüştür. Daha sonra sakin bir hayat yaşayan Bar Sauma 1294 yılında Bağdâd’da vefat etmiştir. Bu makalede Rabban Bar Sauma’nın sadece hayatı değil seyahatlerinde ziyaret ettiği bölgelerin siyasi arka planları ele alınmış özellikle İlhanlı elçisi olarak görevi vurgulanmıştır.
Using total equivalent temperature difference approach to estimate air conditioning cooling load in buildings
Authors: Omar Ihab , Mohsen A. M. , Hammoodi Karrar A. , Al-Asadi Hasan A.
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study is to provide a simplified worksheet based on the Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) Approach to estimate a building’s cooling load under Iraqi climate conditions. The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system was applied to scientific laboratories at the College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq. The study estimates the cooling load of the building, which consists of 10 zones. Cooling load elements such as ventilation, lighting, walls, floors, roofs, windows, infiltration, and human factors were considered. The worksheet provides an appropriate alternative for easy and fast prediction within Iraq's climate conditions.
Russian Political Delegation, 1919–1920
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mironova E. M.
Published: June 2022

Using materials from Russian archives as well as from the Leeds Russian Archive (Great Britain), this article traces stages of activity of the Russian Political Delegation (RPD). The Delegation was established in 1919 by the Russian Political Meeting (RPM) in Paris for direct participation in the Versailles Peace Conference. Its activities were authorized by Admiral Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia. The article covers the formation of the RPD, which included Prince Lvov, N. V. Tchaikovsky, V. A. Maklakov, and S. D. Sazonov. Due to circumstances beyond its control, the Delegation did not get the opportunity to participate in the conference, and its international activities were quite limited. However, after the dissolution of the Russian Political Meeting, the Russian Political Delegation continued its activities, claiming the status of the foreign center of a White Movement. Its ranks aggravated the split between public figures and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Movement: social activists wanted the government of Omsk to remove S. D. Sazonov. Admiral Kolchak decided to retain control of his government over foreign missions, keep S. D. Sazonov as Minister, and asked the delegation to continue its work. In fact, in late 1919 and early 1920, the Russian Political Delegation managed to head the foreign mission of the White Movement. However, it was unable to cope with problems standing on its agenda. G. E. Lvov and N. V. Tchaikovsky, who used the situation of the Delegation members to influence affairs, diligently supported its existence. The last statements of the Russian Political Delegation refer to the end of 1920, the period of evacuation of the Wrangel’s army from Crimea. Analysis of the RPD’s activities provides an insight into challenges that in general were characteristic of the Movement and that eventually played their role in its defeat.
Echoes of the Kronstadt Events of 1921 in Arkhangelsk Province
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Troshina T. I. ,   Northern State Medical University
Published: June 2022

The country-wide uprisings of the winter and spring of 1920–1921 still lack a coherent explanation and require further reflection. This article reconstructs events of this period in one of the most “quiet” territories of Soviet Russia, the Arkhangelsk province, using political summaries and secret reports, as well as investigative files and later memoirs. It was understood, both locally and centrally, that peasants were eager to follow the “successful example” of mass resistance to the authorities. The aim of the state was not only to use punitive measures to prevent mass protests and to minimize the influence of “irritants”, but above all to disrupt the distribution of undesirable information. The use of a large number of informers recruited from various sections of society allowed competent authorities to have an overview of what was happening in the country and to respond promptly to any potential unrest. Secret information, including that received from foreign sources, forced local authorities to prepare in advance for possible events in the provincial center, and to make efforts to prevent possible peasant revolts in bordering territories in the north of Western Siberia and in the Velsk uyezd and Vologda province. The actions of local authorities were on the whole successful; unrest in the Arkhangelsk province was avoided. However, the sense of danger that persisted as a result of these events, despite the end of the Civil War, contributed to a social mistrust that lasted for many years.
China in the Russian Satirical Press During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Starovoytova E. O.
Published: June 2022

Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and the Portsmouth Peace Treaty radically changed the balance of power in the Far East. It caused considerable damage to the image of the Russian Empire in the international arena and had a negative impact on Sino-Russian relations. However, one set of sources allows us to look at the well-known events from a different angle, and this has remained outside the attention of specialists in Sino-Russian relations. Russian satirical periodicals at the turn of the 20th century can serve as such a source, for it was during this period that more information about China became available to a wide range of readers in the Russian press. Along with the growing number of references to China, authors and readers inevitably began to form a unique and sometimes contradictory image of the eastern neighbor. This image, on the one hand, was directly related to current events in politics and international relations, and on the other could itself have a certain influence on the relations of the two empires at various levels. The Russo-Japanese War occupied a special place in the formation of Russia’s image of the East, in general, and of China, in particular. References to military operations on the Far Eastern fronts are found in virtually every issue of the 1904–1905 satirical magazines Budil’nik and Strekoza, which were popular at the time. Of course, the main “evil” for contemporaries was Japan, portrayed in extremely unsightly forms. However, China was not ignored either, especially since military actions partly took place on its territory. This article explores how China was seen by representatives of one of the most popular journalistic genres of those years.
Cultural Dialogue Between Japan and Socialist Eurasia in 1960s–1970s: Visits of Novelists Yasushi Inoue and Ryotaro Shiba to the USSR and Mongolia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Malashevskaya M. N.
Published: June 2022

This article explores a narrow aspect of cultural dialogue between Japan and socialist Eurasia (the Central Asian and Siberian regions of the USSR and Mongolian People’s Republic) during Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s, using essays by Japanese writers Yasushi Inoue and Ryotaro Shiba, who visited Soviet Central Asia and the Far East and socialist Mongolia in 1965–1973; trips by Japanese writers; and the image of socialist Eurasia in Japanese public opinion. The sources for the analysis are The Tale of the Western Region by Yasushi Inoue (Seiiki Monogatari, 1968, trans. in English in 1971 as Journey beyond Samarkand and Mongolian Travel Notes by Ryotaro Shiba (Mongoru kiko:, 1974). Yasushi Inoue made two trips to Soviet Central Asia in 1965 and 1968, and Ryotaro Shiba went to Mongolian People’s Republic through the Soviet Far East (Khabarovsk and Irkutsk) in 1973. Researched texts serve as a platform for the author’s dialogue with a wide readership in Japan that helped shape the public image of the Soviet Union in non-central regions. The popularity of Inoue’s and Shiba’s image of socialist Eurasia is confirmed by the fact that Shiba’s travel notes were reprinted for several times by different publishers in Japan, although it was first published in the newspaper Asahi Shimbun in 1973–1974; a novel by Yasushi Inoue also was reprinted in several editions and served as inspiration for the modern writer Ryo Kuroki, who dedicated his novel Runway on the Great Silk Road about Japanese-Kyrgyz relations in the early 2000s.
Features of the Modernization of the Russian Far East: Imperial and Soviet Models of Industrial Development
Authors:   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East, of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maklyukov A. V.
Published: June 2022

The study analyzes the imperial and Soviet models of industrial development of the Russian Far East at the end of the 19th century and first third of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is that understanding the historical experience of the exploration and development of the eastern territories, and determining their place and role in Russian space, ultimately determines the fate of the Russian presence on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The development of the Far East territories since their discovery by Russians was carried out by a combination of private initiative of individuals and state support, and from the second half of the 19th century with significant state participation. At the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the 20th centuries, the imperial model of industrial development of the region formed, and the Soviet model emerged with the establishment of Soviet power and the elimination of NEP. The article concludes that the imperial and Soviet model of the industrial development of the Far East was based on a strong state influence on the region, which in general, despite its negative aspects, can be viewed positively. Here, higher rates of industrial modernization were ensured than in the west of the country, and there was no particular risk of conflict with the old, obsolete elements of the social system. Along with this, there was a large influence of centralized management and bureaucratic structures that ignored local characteristics, conditions, and interests. Historical experience has shown that significant state participation in the development of the Far East did not contribute to the efficient use of financial, material, technical, and labor resources and was associated with significant costs and losses.
On One Significant Fragment of N. I. Bukharin’s Report at the XIII Congress of the RCP(b): Talgenism pro et contra
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Golubev E. B.
Published: June 2022

Talgenism, as a new teaching method, was discussed at the XIII Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in N. I. Bukharin’s report “On work among young people” in 1924. This article analyzes details and presumed possible consequences of that critical speech against Talgenism. Bukharin’s criticism became well-known among the pedagogical community more than thirty years ago after half a century of oblivion. Then, in the late 1980s, the study of the history of the discovery and spread of the unique method of collective mutual learning of A. G. Rivin (Talgenism) began. Materials of followers and supporters, and also of opponents of A. G. Rivin, were found in archives, magazines, newspapers, and books. Bukharin’s critical speech was also discovered. However, at the same time, an opinion formed among teachers that the result of such a crushing “rout” (at the party congress) was immediate: the criticized material was seized and extirpated. The author argues that this position is erroneous, as he discovered an article by A. Vyshnepolskaya on Talgenism, which Bukharin criticized at the congress, in the archival collection of the Russian National Library. In addition, it became possible to find important details about the author of the text and the publication itself and put it into circulation. The analysis of the relationship between power and education in 1920–1930 is carried out and reveals assumptions about the reasons for criticism of the new teaching method, and the virtues of Talgenism are analyzed. The article is provided with information about the fate of the Moscow Committee of party personnel, whose work was criticized at the congress.