bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Strength and Nature of Se∙∙∙O Chalcogen Bonds: A Comparative Study of SeF2 and SeF4 Interactions with Oxygen-Bearing Lewis Bases
Authors: Chen Renhua , Lei Fengying , Jin Deze , Peng Ke , Liu Qingyu , Zhong Yeshuang , Hong Liang , Li Xiaolong , Zeng Zhu , Lu Tao
Published: December 2024

Chalcogen bonds (ChBs) involving selenium have attracted substantial scholarly interest in past years owing to their fundamental roles in various chemical and biological fields. However, the effect of the valency state of the electron-deficient selenium atom on the characteristics of such ChBs remains unexplored. Herein, we comparatively studied the σ-hole-type Se∙∙∙O ChBs between SeF2/SeF4 and a series of oxygen-bearing Lewis bases, including water, methanol, dimethyl ether, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and formic acid, using ab initio computations. The interaction energies of these chalcogen-bonded heterodimers vary from −5.25 to −11.16 kcal/mol. SeF2 participates in a shorter and stronger ChB than SeF4 for all the examined heterodimers. Such Se∙∙∙O ChBs are closed-shell interactions, exhibiting some covalent character for all the examined heterodimers, except for SeF4∙∙∙water. Most of these chalcogen-bonded heterodimers are predominantly stabilized through orbital interactions between the lone pair of the O atom in Lewis bases and the σ*(Se–F) antibonding orbitals of Lewis acids. The back-transfer of charge from the lone pair of selenium into the σ* or π* antibonding orbitals of Lewis bases is also observed for all systems. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that the electrostatic component significantly stabilizes the targeted heterodimers, while the induction and dispersion contributions cannot be ignored.
Perspectives on Applications of 19F-NMR in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Li Qingxin , Kang CongBao
Published: December 2024

Fragment-based drug discovery is a powerful approach in drug discovery, applicable to a wide range of targets. This method enables the discovery of potent compounds that can modulate target functions, starting from fragment compounds that bind weakly to the targets. While biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays are commonly used to identify fragments, 19F-NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring interactions between biomolecules and ligands. Because fluorine atoms are not naturally present in biological systems, 19F-NMR serves as a sensitive method for fragment screening against diverse targets. Herein, we reviewed the applications of 19F-NMR in fragment screening, highlighting its effectiveness in identifying fragments that bind weakly to various targets such as proteins and RNA. The accumulated evidence suggests that 19F-NMR will continue to be a crucial tool in drug discovery.
Chemical Profile and Biological Properties of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Inula britannica L. Growing in Central Asia
Authors: Ibadullayeva Aktolkyn K. , Kasela Martyna , Kozhanova Kaldanay K. , Kadyrbayeva Gulnara M. , Widelski Jarosław , Wojtanowski Krzysztof , Józefczyk Aleksandra , Suśniak Katarzyna , Okińczyc Piotr , Tleubayeva Meruyert I. , Karaubayeva Aigerim A. , Zhandabayeva Moldir A. , Mukhamedsadykova Aigerim Z. , Malm Anna
Published: December 2024

The genus Inula has been used in folk medicine for centuries; however, the data concerning Inula britannica L. are scarce. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition of methanolic and ethanolic extracts from the aerial parts of I. britannica collected in Kazakhstan and evaluating their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, with special attention being paid to polyphenols. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts was determined colorimetrically, while their qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted using HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC/DAD. Their antioxidant potential was determined using the FRAP and DPPH methods, whereas their antimicrobial activity was determined by the microdilution method towards a panel of reference microorganisms, including pathogens of the human gastrointestinal tract. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the methanolic extract had a higher content of polyphenols (58.02 vs. 43.44 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (21.69 vs. 13.91 mg QUE/g) than the ethanolic extract. In both extracts, 15 compounds were identified, with the highest contents being those of cynarine (13.96 and 11.68 mg/g) and chlorogenic acid (9.22 and 5.09 mg/g). The DPPH assay showed a higher antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract (19.78 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g) in comparison to that of the ethanolic extract (15.56 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g). Similarly, the FRAP method showed that the methanolic extract exerted a much higher antioxidant activity (5.07 ± 0.18 mmol Fe2+/g) than the ethanolic extract (0.39 ± 0.01 mmol Fe2+/g). In contrast, both extracts showed similar antimicrobial properties, with the highest activity being that against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 (MIC = 0.125–0.25 mg/mL). This paper presents novel data on I. britannica L., implying its significance as a source of valuable active compounds and being a prerequisite for further biological studies.
Ab Initio Study of the β-Fe2O3 Phase
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Autieri Carmine
Published: December 2024

We present first-principles results on the electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic bulk β-phase of Fe2O3. Given that all Fe–Fe magnetic couplings are expected to be antiferromagnetic within this high-symmetry crystal structure, the system may exhibit some signature of magnetic frustration, making it challenging to identify its magnetic ground state. We have analyzed the possible magnetic phases of the β-phase, among which there are ferrimagnets, altermagnets, and Kramers antiferromagnets. While the α-phase is an altermagnet and the γ-phase is a ferrimagnet, we conclude that the magnetic ground state for the bulk β-phase of Fe2O3 is a Kramers antiferromagnet. Moreover, we find that close in energy, there is a bulk d-wave altermagnetic phase. We report the density of states and the evolution band gap as a function of the electronic correlations. For suitable values of the Coulomb repulsion, the system is a charge-transfer insulator with an indirect band gap of 1.5 eV. More in detail, the unit cell of the β-phase is composed of 8Fea atoms and 24Feb atoms. The 8Fea atoms lie on the corner of a cube, and their magnetic ground state is a G-type. This structural phase is composed of zig-zag chains Fea‐Feb‐Fea‐Feb with spin configuration ↑-↑-↓-↓ along the 3 directions such that for every Fea atoms there are 3Feb atoms. As the opposite to the γ-phase, the magnetic configuration between the first neighbor of the same kind is always antiferromagnetic while the magnetic configuration between Fea and Feb is ferro or antiferro. In this magnetic arrangement, first-neighbor interactions cancel out in the mean-field estimation of the Néel temperature, leaving second-neighbor magnetic exchanges as the primary contributors, resulting in a Néel temperature lower than that of other phases. Our work paves the way toward the ab initio study of nanoparticles and alloys for the β-phase of Fe2O3.
Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Naproxen Using 5% Cu/TiO2, Transformation Products, and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Hasan Sarah Ahmed , Khaleel Abbas , Hisaindee Soleiman , Meetani Mohammed A.
Published: December 2024

The presence of drugs in wastewater effluent is of concern due to their effects on the aquatic fauna and flora and there are growing efforts for their removal from the environment. In this paper, we study the photocatalytic visible-light degradation of naproxen, an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug, using 5% copper-doped TiO2. The photocatalyst was characterized by XRD and BET surface area measurements. The optimal conditions for the degradation of 1 × 10−3 M of naproxen were found to be 3 h, with a catalyst loading of 50 mg/100 mL of the drug solution, and an acidic pH of 4.55. The degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics and achieved a photodegradation efficiency of 44.8%. HPLC was used to separate the degradation products and their structures were determined using MS/MS data. A pathway for the degradation of naproxen is proposed along with degradation mechanisms. The major degradation events involve the formation of hydroxyl radicals, hydroxylation, keto-enol tautomerism, and decarboxylation.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Combination of Chelating Agents for the Removal of Inhaled Uranium
Authors: Li Lintao , Li Runtian , Guo Ruohan , Guo Shuang , Qiao Xuan , Wu Xinru , Han Peng , Sun Yunbo , Zhu Xiaoxia , Wu Zhuona , Gan Hui , Meng Zhiyun , Dou Guifang , Gu Ruolan , Liu Shuchen
Published: December 2024

Inhalation of aerosolized uranium is recognized as a principal mode of exposure, posing significant risks of damage to the lungs, kidneys, and other vital organs. To enhance nuclide elimination from the body, chelating agents are employed; however, single-component chelators often exhibit limited spectral activity and low effectiveness, resulting in toxicologically relevant concentrations. We have developed a composite chelating agent composed of 3,4,3-Li(1,2-HOPO), DFP, and HEDP in optimized ratios, demonstrating marked improvements in eliminating inhaled uranium. The selection of these components was initially guided by an agarose gel dynamics method, focusing on uranium binding and removal efficacy. Optimization of the formula was conducted through response surface methodology in a cellular model. The compound’s ability to enhance survival rates in mice subjected to acute uranium inhalation was confirmed, showing a dose-dependent improvement in survival in severely affected mice. Comparative assessments indicated that this multifaceted chelating agent substantially surpasses the uranium tissue clearance achieved by individual chelating agents.
A Practical Guideline to Capturing and Documenting the Real-Time Consequences of Fluctuating Hearing Loss in School-Age Children
Authors: Cowan Cassandra , Jones Kathleen , Ostevik Amberley V. , Al Souqi Sara , Hodgetts William , Cummine Jacqueline
Published: December 2024

Background: Fluctuating conductive hearing loss resulting from middle ear conditions, such as otitis media, is the most common cause of hearing loss in children, with Indigenous Peoples experiencing otitis media at a rate three times higher than non-Indigenous populations. Children with chronic hearing loss face increased educational, social, and economic challenges. However, treating and documenting fluctuating hearing loss remains difficult due to its sporadic and invisible nature, frequently leading to delayed or missed identification and inconsistent management. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was completed with a librarian, but few resources were located for this condition and population. Results: This practical guideline aims to improve the documentation and subsequent management of otitis media in school-aged children, with a focus on rural and Indigenous communities in Canada, where access to healthcare professionals may be limited. Conclusions: Despite efforts to raise awareness about otitis media in rural and Indigenous communities, there are still few accessible tools for caregivers to track the severity of fluctuating hearing loss. This guideline aims to help fill this gap.
Development of a Portable Optomechatronic System to Obtain the Characterization of Transparent Materials and Dielectric Thin Films
Authors: Sánchez-Alvarez Araceli , Rodríguez-Quiroz Osvaldo , Quintanilla-Villanueva Gabriela Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Delgado Melissa Marlene , Villarreal-Chiu Juan Francisco , Silva-Hernández Oscar Javier , Luna-Moreno Donato
Published: December 2024

This paper outlines the design and fabrication of a portable optomechatronic system based on the theta-2theta configuration, which explores various optical characterization techniques for transparent materials and dielectric thin films. These techniques include Brewster angle and Abelès-Brewster angle measurements, critical angle measurements, and the surface plasmon resonance technique. The system consists of a mechanical assembly of rotating stages, a semiconductor laser, a photodiode connected to a data acquisition card, and a user interface for controlling the stepper motor rotation stages. Utilizing a BK7 substrate, the motorized stage achieved a resolution of 0.010. The Brewster angle measured was 56.550, with a refractive index (n) of 1.5137. The relative error obtained was Δn/n = 3.82 × 10−4, with a sensitivity of 164.27 RIU/degree and an accuracy of 0.37/degree. Furthermore, the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental refractive indices for different prisms at 639 nm ranged from ±7 × 10−4 to ±73 × 10−4. After testing various samples, the system demonstrated its capability to perform fast, precise, and non-invasive measurements. Its portability allows for use in diverse environments and applications.
Clinical Pharmacist-Led Collaboration of Multiple Clinical Professions Model Focusing on Continuity of Pharmacotherapy: Japanese Version of the Lund Integrated Medicines Management (LIMM) Model
Authors: Sato Rie , Aoshima Syuichi , Eriksson Tommy
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: In general, it is known that continuity of care can contribute to an increase in patient satisfaction, reduce health care costs, and improve patient outcomes. A guarantee of continuity in pharmacotherapy is a big challenge facing Japanese health care as a system that encourages cooperation/collaboration for pharmacists with other health care professions is currently lacking. (2) Method: This is a narrative review. (3) Results: The Lund Integrated Medicine Management (LIMM) model describes a systematic approach to individuals and was developed in Sweden to optimize pharmacotherapy among elderly inpatients. The aim of the LIMM model is to provide patients with continuous pharmacotherapy at different levels of care. The LIMM model, in which a clinical pharmacist is the catalyst and leads other health care professions in completing the process, has the potential to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions, reduce rehospitalization risk, unscheduled hospital revisits due to problems related to medications, reduce total medical expenditure, and provide a comprehensive understanding of patients’ conditions of taking medicine. (4) Conclusions: Introducing a framework such as Sweden’s LIMM model, anchored by clinical pharmacists, could provide a good opportunity to promote collaborations among different health care professionals and improve continuity in pharmacotherapy.
Outage Probability Analysis and Altitude Optimization of a UAV-Enabled Triple-Hop Mixed RF-FSO-Based Wireless Communication System
Authors: Latka Deepika , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present the evaluation of network parameters for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled triple-hop mixed RF/FSO-based wireless communication system, where one relay is a fixed relay and the second relay is a UAV which acts as decode-and-forward relay for communication from the base station (B) to the multiple mobile users (Mi), i∈{1,2⋯N}. The first hop from B to fixed relay (R1) is the radio frequency (RF) link modeled using α−κ−μ fading distribution, the second hop from the relay R1 to the UAV relay (R2) is a free space optics (FSO) link modeled using Gamma-Gamma fading, and the third hop from R2 to the Mi is, again, an RF link modeled using the Rayleigh fading model. The direct communication between the B and the Mi is not feasible due to the very large distance. We derive the closed form analytical expression for the outage probability of the proposed system and find the effect of the base system parameters on the performance of the system. We also analyze the outage probability of the system at high SNR values to get further insights of the system performance. In addition, altitude optimization of UAV is carried out to know the optimal elevation angle in correspondence with UAV’s optimal altitude in order to maximize performance of the system.
The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Xitong , Matjiur Radomyos , Sonchan Wirat , Charoenwattana Sukanya , Chainok Phornpot , Gay Ana , Makaje Niromlee , Zacca Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Background: Combining pool-based and resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land, is a valuable approach to enhancing swimming performance. However, few investigations have been conducted on this topic. Through a randomized controlled trial study, we investigated the effects of a 10-week concurrent resistance training program, which integrated resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land on tethered force, lower limbs strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance, in regional age-group breaststroke swimmers. Methods: Regional age-group swimmers (N = 24, males) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG: 15.1 ± 0.5 years old) performed combined pool-based + resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land. The control group (CG: 15.1 ± 0.7 years old) performed their usual training regime, i.e., pool-based + resistance workouts on dry land only. The tethered swimming force, muscular strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance and technique of the swimmers were evaluated before the training program began and after 10 weeks. Results: Improvements were observed in the EG vs. the CG in terms of the mean force (30.04%, p = 0.02; d = 0.75), one-repetition maximum back squat (20.57%, p = 0.01; d = 2.05), maximal force (19.23%, p = 0.03; d = 0.69), and anaerobic critical velocity (4.2%, p = 0.04; d = 0.61). The 50 and 200 m breaststroke performance times improved (4.3 and 5.4%, p = 0.01, d = 0.88–0.92, respectively) after 10 weeks. Conclusions: With the increasing demands of contemporary swimming competitions, which often include heats, semifinals, and finals, achieving optimal physical fitness to compete at an elite level, in every round, is vital for swimmers. The combination of resistance training workouts both in the pool and on dry land seems to enhance swimming performance in age-group swimmers, particularly in sprint to middle-distance breaststroke swimmers.
Improving Saline–Alkaline Soil and Ryegrass Growth with Coal Gangue Treatments
Authors: Li Siqi , Li Xingqiang , Qiang Xiaolin , Yu Zhao , Li Hongyuan , Sun Zhaojun , Li Qian , He Jun , Han Lei , Zhao Ningxin
Published: December 2024

Soil covering is a soil management technique used to address issues such as high alkalinity, nutrient deficiency, and a low soil and water-holding capacity in saline–alkali lands. Coal gangue, a solid waste generated from coal mining, contains nutrients and trace elements comparable to those in soil, making it a promising covering material. This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of coal gangue coverage on the physicochemical properties of soil, enzyme activity, and the growth of ryegrass. The experimental treatments comprised (1) three coal gangue particle sizes (0–0.5 cm, 0.5–1 cm, and 1–2 cm) and (2) three coverage thicknesses (4 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm). The results show that with particle sizes of 0–1 cm and cover thicknesses of 8–12 cm, the saturated water content of the soil increased by 11.1% to 17.23%, the content of organic matter rose by 4.99 to 13.64 mg/kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.07 to 0.12 mg/kg, and the urease activity increased by 0.56 to 0.64 μg/(d·g). Our analyses indicated that an improvement in soil porosity, a reduction in pH, and an increase in urease, organic matter, and total nitrogen collectively promoted ryegrass growth, with similar impacts. Among the treatments, coverage with 12 cm of coal gangue with a size of 0.5–1 cm produced the best results, increasing the ryegrass height by 16.24 cm, primarily due to a high level of soil porosity and elevated urease activity. In conclusion, coal gangue coverage significantly improves the properties of soil, enhances enzyme activity, and promotes ryegrass growth.
Phosphite as a Sustainable and Versatile Alternative for Biostimulation, Biocontrol, and Weed Management in Modern Agriculture
Authors: Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Carbajal-Vázquez Víctor Hugo , Lavín-Castañeda Jazmín , Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos
Published: December 2024

Phosphite (Phi), an analog of phosphate (Pi), is an anion widely used in phytosanitary management and agricultural biostimulation schemes. Given that, unlike some species of bacteria, plants do not naturally have the mechanisms to metabolize Phi once they have absorbed it, Phi must be used in perfect coordination with adequate nutritional management of Pi in the crop since an excessive level of Phi combined with a deficient supply of Pi causes a disruption in ionic balances that can result in serious toxicity or even the death of the plant. In addition to the adequate Phi/Pi balance, high doses of Phi by themselves cause alterations in the mechanisms of perception and response to phosphorus deficiency leading to toxicity in plants. Hence, in various plant species, it has been proven that Phi can be used with herbicidal effects. Genes that encode enzymes involved in the metabolization of Phi have been isolated from bacterial genomes, and they have been transferred by genetic engineering to plant genomes, allowing the development of dual fertilization and weed control systems. This review provides background on the novel uses of Phi in agriculture and breaks down its potential use as an alternative herbicide in sustainable agriculture approaches supported by green chemistry.
The Influence of Exogenous Particles on the Behavior of Non-Newtonian Mucus Fluid
Authors: Penconek Agata , Michalczuk Urszula , Magnuska Małgorzata , Moskal Arkadiusz
Published: December 2024

Every day, approximately 7 m3 of air flows through the lungs of an adult, which comes into contact with 80 m2 of the lung surface. This air contains both natural and anthropogenic particles, which can deposit on the surface of the mucus lining the respiratory tract. The presence of particles in the mucus leads to changes in its rheology and, consequently, in its functions. Therefore, this research aimed to determine how a non-Newtonian fluid suspension will behave during flow, illustrating the movement of mucus during coughing. The model mucus was an aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The tested particles suspended in a non-Newtonian fluid were Arizona Fine Dust, diesel exhaust particles, polyethylene microparticles, and pine pollen. It was noticed that as the fluid viscosity increases, the number of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities increases. The fluid’s expansion angle at the output of the measuring cell decreased, and the values of parameters characterizing the aerosol generated at the outlet decrease for selected particles present in the fluid. The research shows that the deposition of particles from polluted air in the respiratory tract, although they do not enter the bloodstream, may affect the human body. Deposited particles can change the behavior of mucus, which may translate into its functions.
The Palaeocene Lista Shale: A Planned Carbon Capture and Storage Top Seal for the East Mey CO2 Storage Site
Authors: AlNajdi Nourah , Worden Richard H. , Utley James E. P.
Published: December 2024

Top seals and overburden above reservoirs at geological carbon capture and storage (CCS) sites can be major concerns when they are at risk of being mineralogically and texturally unstable in the presence of high-pressure CO2. Here we report on the pore systems, mineralogy, and surface area attributes of the Palaeocene Lista Shale, the caprock to the Mey Sandstone at the UK’s planned East Mey CCS site. The core was logged, and then mineral quantification was undertaken with X-ray powder diffraction mineralogy, light optics and electron microscopy analyses. Laser particle size analysis was used for grain size determination. Porosity, pore throat diameter, surface area and pore body size were measured via mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption analyses. The mudstone facies from the Lista Shale are dominated by smectite-rich matrix and silt-grade quartz, with small quantities of chlorite and sodic-plagioclase. Chlorite, sodic-plagioclase, and even smectite are known to be capable of reacting with, and potentially leading to mineral sequestration of CO2. The mean pore throat and pore body diameters are 17 and nearly 18 nm, respectively, showing that the Lista is mesoporous; the similarity of pore body and pore throat dimensions reveals a predominance of plate and slit pores. Gas adsorption analyses revealed that the overall pore structure is complex, with a high tortuosity of fluid movement through a complex clay-rich matrix (this equates to a mean fractal dimension D2 value of 2.67). Gas adsorption analyses have also shown that grain surfaces are moderately complex (rough) due to the dominance of clay aggregates (this equates to a mean fractal dimension D1 value of 2.56). D2 being higher than D1 suggests that there is a relatively low potential to physically store CO2 gas on grain surfaces. Conversely, the ability of the CO2 to react with minor quantities of chlorite and sodic plagioclase, or even with smectite, could lead to increasing surface area of the remaining shale minerals with newly exposed reactive silicates leading to further enhanced mineral trapping of the injected CO2. The restricted pore throat size linked to small grain size and poor sorting, and reflected by the high fractal D2 value, plus limited grain surface complexity, reflected by the low fractal D1 value, collectively suggest that mineral trapping of the injected CO2 would be relatively slow (on the order of 1000s of years) if CO2 penetrated the top seal.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in Controlling Bleeding During Transurethral Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgery
Authors: Mohammed Taofiq Olayinka , Mulawkar Prashant M. , Maheshwari Pankaj Nandkishore , Singh Abhishek Gajendra , Gauhar Vineet , Sharma Gyanendra
Published: December 2024

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequent condition in ageing men. Surgery is recommended for severe BPH symptoms and BPH-related complications. TURP is the reference standard for BPH surgery, but carries a risk of bleeding, which can lead to significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. To reduce bleeding during TURP, antifibrinolytic agents like tranexamic acid (TXA) have been studied. We aim to review the current evidence regarding TXA use during transurethral BPH surgery. Objective: This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding during transurethral benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. Methods: Major clinical research databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from 2012 to 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of TXA to placebo in transurethral BPH surgery using the PICOS format. We included RCTs without language restrictions that assessed intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rates, haemoglobin levels, length of hospital stay, postoperative thromboembolic events, and 30-day perioperative mortality as outcomes. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, RoB 2, for randomised studies. Results: A total of six RCTs, which included 456 patients, were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that tranexamic acid is beneficial in reducing blood loss and minimising changes in haemoglobin levels during transurethral resection of the prostate. However, it does not lessen the need for blood transfusions or shorten the hospital stay. Conclusions: Tranexamic acid is useful in decreasing blood loss and reducing changes in haemoglobin in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Its utility during BPH surgery in low-resource settings where the latest haemostatic enucleation techniques, such as holmium and GreenLight laser enucleation, may not be readily available needs further evaluation.
Effects of Drop Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Highly Trained Young Male Volleyball Players: Comparing Maximal Rebound Height and Standard Drop Height Training
Authors: Hammami Raouf , Ayed Karim Ben , Negra Yassine , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Duncan Michael , Rebai Haithem , Granacher Urs
Published: December 2024

Background: Drop height has previously been used as an effective programming parameter in plyometric jump training. Less is known about the usage of maximal rebound jump height from a distinct drop height as a parameter for individualized plyometric jump training. Hence, the aim of this study was to contrast the effects of two different drop jump (DJ) training modalities using either the individualized maximal rebound height (MRHT) or a standard (SDHT) drop height on selected measures of physical fitness in young volleyball players. Methods: Thirty male young volleyball players aged 14 to 16 years were randomly assigned to an MRHT (n = 15) or an SDHT (n = 15) group. The MRHT group performed DJ exercises using a drop height according to the individual’s maximal rebound jump height from 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm drop heights. The SDHT group performed DJs following a standardized drop height (30 cm) across the 8-week intervention period. The overall training volume was similar between MRHT and SDHT with one to three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions of DJ exercises per session. Before and after training, jump height and the reactive strength index (RSI) were taken as dependent variables from 30, 40, and 50 cm drop heights. In addition, dynamic balance (Y-balance test) as well as linear sprint and change-of-direction (CoD) speed were assessed. Results: Significant group × time interactions were found for jump height, balance, RSI, and linear sprint (p < 0.001; d = 0.12–3.42) but not CoD speed. Post hoc tests showed significant jump height improvements in favor of the MRHT group for drop heights from 30 cm (Δ20.4%, p < 0.001, d = 3.69), 40 cm (Δ20.3%, p < 0.001, d = 2.90), and 50 cm (Δ18.3%, p < 0.001, d = 3.37) and RSI50 (Δ30.14%, p < 0.001, d = 2.29). MRHT but not SDHT resulted in significant 5 m (Δ9.2%, p < 0.001, d = 1.32) and 20 m (Δ7.4%, p < 0.01, d = 2.30) linear sprint speed improvements. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that MRHT but not SDHT improved DJ height, RSI, and linear sprint speed. Due to the importance of vertical jumps and short accelerations for overall competitive performance in volleyball, our results suggest that young male players should perform MRHT as part of plyometric jump training if the goal is to improve acceleration, reactive strength, and vertical jump performance.
Nebivolol Exerts Hepatoprotective Activity During CLP-Induced Sepsis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Liver Regeneration, and AKT/MAPK Pathways in Rats
Authors: Sabra Rahma Tharwat , Bekhit Amany Abdlrehim , Sabra Nourhan Tharwat , Abd El-Moeze Nadia Ahmed , Fathy Moustafa
Published: December 2024

Sepsis is a potentially catastrophic organ dysfunction arising from an infection-induced immunologic reaction leading to severe inflammation, progression of septic shock, and damage to body organs. Sepsis is marked by noticeable hepatotoxicity caused by activating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic mechanisms. Through Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP) in rats, our study is the first to investigate the potential preventive effect of the antihypertensive medicine “Nebivolol” on sepsis-induced hepatotoxicity at a molecular level. Six groups of sixty albino Wistar rats (male) were randomly assigned. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers of liver function were measured. Additionally, apoptosis- and inflammatory-related gene and protein expressions were examined. Finally, the liver tissues were examined for histological assessments. The hepatic architecture was considerably altered by CLP, which also resulted in marked elevations of blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and direct bilirubin levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, it decreased serum albumin level, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) level. It also significantly elevated all hepatic inflammatory mediators (Interlukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β)) and alleviated Interlukin-10 (IL-10). It magnified the expression of p-AKT/t-AKT, p-JNK1/2/t-JNK1/2, and p-p38/t-p38 proteins, raised Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP 2/9) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) gene transcriptions, and lessened Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) gene expression. In contrast, Nebivolol administration dramatically mitigated all biochemical and histological changes obtained by CLP. The present finding demonstrated that Nebivolol succeeded, for the first time, in improving the hepatic injury obtained from CLP-evoked sepsis through modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic pathways through targeting the crosstalk between protein kinase B (AKT), NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), making Nebivolol a hopeful treatment for hepatic injury.
Path to Green Development: How Do ESG Ratings Affect Green Total Factor Productivity?
Authors: Wu Si , Fan Minhao , Wu Lei , Liu Zaiqi , Xiang Yuchen
Published: December 2024

Global environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent and environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings may play a key role in green development by stimulating informal environmental regulation from stakeholders. As a pivotal criterion for measuring green development, green total factor productivity (GTFP) refers to maximizing output while minimizing the environmental pollution for the required input production factors. Existing research neglects the impact of ESG ratings on GTFP that indicates the balance between economic growth and ecological protection. This study examines the impact of ESG ratings and mechanisms on GTFP using a sample of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms between 2010 and 2021. The findings indicate that ESG ratings promote corporate GTFP, a result which remains robust after a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis reveals that ESG ratings improve corporate GTFP by alleviating financial constraints, mitigating managerial myopia, and enhancing supply chain efficiency. A moderating analysis verified that managerial power weakens the positive impact of ESG ratings on corporate GTFP. The positive effect of ESG ratings on GTFP is more pronounced among non-state-owned firms and firms in non-heavily polluting and highly competitive industries. This study confirms that ESG ratings can achieve the benefits of productivity growth, energy conservation, and pollution reduction at the micro-enterprise level, offering a policy foundation for promoting ESG disclosure and achieving green development.
International Regulatory Framework for Black Carbon Emissions from Arctic Shipping: Current Situation, Problems, and Development
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Ziqing , Cui Zhiyuan , Cai Siyang
Published: December 2024

Black carbon, a short-lived climate forcer, has the dual impact of intensifying global warming and polluting the atmosphere. The further opening of Arctic shipping routes has resulted in a severe issue of black carbon emissions in this fragile region. The use of fuel, especially heavy fuel oil, in international shipping has generated enormous black carbon emissions, posing a serious threat to the climate in the Arctic and beyond. As the international community continues to pay attention to air pollution control and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, the need for effective global governance of black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping has become increasingly evident. This issue has emerged as a critical part of the broader effort to address ocean and climate governance through the lens of international law. Despite the efforts made by both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Arctic Council (AC) to reduce black carbon emissions, the current international legal framework remains fragmented, with weak enforcement mechanisms and limited capacity for coordinated governance. The findings of this research underscore the importance of strengthening international legal instruments aimed at reducing black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping. In particular, there is a pressing need for the development of a dedicated international treaty with enhanced binding force to mitigate the ecological degradation in the Arctic, address global warming, and realize sustainable development goals.
Deterministic Tsunami Hazard Assessment for the Eastern Coast of the United Arab Emirates: Insights from the Makran Subduction Zone
Authors: Hamidatou Mouloud , Almandous Abdulla , Alebri Khalifa , Alameri Badr , Megahed Ali
Published: December 2024

Tsunamis are destructive oceanic hazards caused by underwater disturbances, mainly earthquakes. A deterministic tsunami hazard assessment for the United Arab Emirates (UAE), due to the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ), was conducted based on the history of earthquakes in the region and considering the rapid development and urbanization of the east coast of the UAE. A variety of earthquake source scenarios was modeled, involving moment magnitudes of 8.2, 8.8, and 9.2. Tsunami travel time (TTT), run-up, flow depth, and inundation maps were generated to pinpoint the areas susceptible to tsunami hazards for the eastern coastal cities of Kalba, Al Fujairah, Khor Fakkan, and Dibba. The results show that the worst-case Mw 9.2 earthquake in a full MSZ rupture scenario resulted in an average TTT of 37 min, a maximum run-up height of 2.55 m, a maximum flow depth of 2.2 m, and a maximum inundation distance of 253 m on the east coast of the UAE. The Mw 8.2 western MSZ earthquake and the Mw 8.8 eastern MSZ earthquake scenarios were of less significant impact. These findings provide new insights into tsunami hazard assessment and are expected to play a vital role in advancing sustainable development in the region by providing key information for stakeholders and authorities as they highlight the need for enhanced tsunami mitigation and preparedness measures to reduce the potential impact of future tsunamis on the UAE.
Improvement in Biological Performance of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Materials via Single-Point Surface Modification with Glycopolymer
Authors: Korzhikov-Vlakh Viktor , Sinitsyna Ekaterina , Arkhipov Kirill , Levit Mariia , Korzhikova-Vlakh Evgenia , Tennikova Tatiana
Published: December 2024

As a promising polymer for the production of biomaterials and drug delivery systems, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is characterized by its relative hydrophobicity, as well as its chemical and biological inertness. Here, we aimed to improve the biological properties of PLA-based materials via the covalent attachment of a hydrophilic biocompatible glycopolymer, namely poly(2-deoxy-N-methacrylamido-D-glucose) (PMAG) on their surface. PMAG is a water-soluble polymer that contains glucose units in its side chains, which are responsible for good biocompatibility and the ability to attach bioactive molecules. In the developed protocol, PMAG was synthesized by controlled radical polymerization in the presence of a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, followed by the conversion of glycopolymer terminal dithiobenzoate functionality into a primary amino group (PMAG-NH2). PLA-based films served as model aliphatic polyester materials for developing the surface biofunctionalization protocol. According to that, PMAG-NH2 covalent immobilization was carried out after alkali treatment, allowing the generation of the surface-located carboxyl groups and their activation. The developed modification method provided a one-point attachment of hydrophilic PMAG to the hydrophobic PLA surface. PMAG samples, which differed by the degree of polymerization, and the variation of polymer concentration in the reaction medium were applied to investigate the modification efficacy and grafting density. The developed single-point polymer grafting approach provided the efficient functionalization with a grafting density in the range of 5–23 nmol/cm2. The neat and modified polymer films were characterized by a number of methods, namely atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. In addition, an ArgGlyAsp-containing peptide (RGD peptide) was conjugated to the PMAG macromolecules grafted on the surface of PLA films. It was shown that both surface modification with PMAG and with PMAG-RGD peptide enhanced the adhesion and growth of mesenchymal stem cells as compared to a neat PLA surface.
Litigation in Cardiovascular Surgery: Risk Management Considerations in the Italian Context
Authors: Bolcato Vittorio , Speziale Giuseppe , Savini Carlo , Mikus Elisa , Basile Giuseppe , Tronconi Livio Pietro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Malpractice in cardiovascular surgery was addressed from the forensic pathology perspective, offering reflections on risk prevention in the Italian context. Litigation and risk management in healthcare, following the Italian law on safety of care, clinical risk management and professional liability, should be viewed in an integrated manner. Methods: We conducted a narrative review on litigation data and the principal areas of complaint in Italy regarding the cardiovascular field. The aim is to discuss human, communicative, organisational, technological and regulatory factors that may play a role in this phenomenon. Results: We discuss the importance of information and consent and the management and monitoring of competences, particularly in specialised activities, given the current human capital deficit. Furthermore, we focus on the centrality of the surgical indication focusing on benefit-risk balance in light of clinical guidelines and team-based evaluation, such as by an emergency heart team, to better tailor care to patients. At the facility level, the minimum volume of activity and the requirements for human resources, specialisations, technologies and organisation standards needed for health activity authorisation are highlighted as foundational to risk prevention. Furthermore, we discussed the availability of the minimum diagnostic and care tools in compliance with guidelines and the role of company clinical and organisational protocols. Conclusions: In the surgical, time-sensitive, highly specialised and technologically advanced sector, the importance of enterprise risk prevention and broad, value-based governance to ensure healthcare quality and safety is emphasised.
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Cava and Right Atrium Involvement: A Report of an Unusual Presentation with a Literature Review
Authors: Mazzucchelli Manuel , Rosano Giovanni Nunzio , Lin Chien Chien , Salvatorelli Lucia , Caltabiano Rosario , Puzzo Lidia , Magro Gaetano , Broggi Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Background: Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2 cases per million people. For patients with advanced or metastatic disease, the prognosis is very poor, and death usually occurs in the first 24 months after diagnosis. Some cases of ACC with invasion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right atrium (RA) have been reported. Methods: We herein report an additional case of IVC and RA involvement in ACC in a 61-year-old woman with no relevant past medical history. Results: The patient underwent heart surgery to remove neoplastic thrombi in the IVC and RA; abdominal surgery to remove the adrenal mass was performed one month later, when the patient’s clinical condition was stable. Conclusions: The histologic and immunohistochemical features, as well as the differential diagnosis, are highlighted herein.
How Do Patients Above Patient Acceptable Symptom State Pre-Operatively Recover Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Redfern Roberta E. , Crawford David A. , Anderson Mike B. , Van Andel David C. , Cholewa Jason M. , Lombardi Adolph V.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds have been used as a marker of good functional outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) but have not been applied to pre-operative subjective function. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients above and below PASS thresholds prior to TKA. Methods: A secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study was used, including 1182 patients prescribed a smartphone-based care management platform following TKA with pre-operative and 1-year KOOS JR scores available. Patient demographics, pain, satisfaction, and KOOS JR were compared between those above and below PASS pre-operatively by student t-test. Logistic regression was used to quantify the odds of decline or no improvement at 1 year. Results: In this cohort, 191 (16.2%) KOOS JR scores were above PASS thresholds prior to TKA. Those above PASS reported lower pain pre-operatively (3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001) and less pain reduction at 90 days (−1.4 ± 2.5 vs. −3.2 ± 2.6, p < 0.0001). Patients above PASS also demonstrated higher KSS satisfaction scores pre-operatively (20.7 ± 7.9 vs. 12.1 ± 6.7, p < 0.0001) with less improvement (9.9 ± 10.6 vs. 16.5 ± 11.2, p < 0.0001) at 90 days. In logistic regression, those above PASS pre-operatively were 5.1 times more likely to report a decline or no improvement in KOOS JR at 1 year (5.10 95% CI 2.73–9.53, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients above previously defined PASS thresholds who presented for TKA appreciated less improvement in pain and satisfaction and were more likely to experience functional decline or no improvement in KOOS JR post-operatively. The application of PASS thresholds pre-operatively may be useful for patient selection or guidance of patient expectations.
The Impact of Digital Finance on Urban and Rural Household Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Wu Hao , Zou Yang
Published: December 2024

The complex interplay between digital finance (DF) and household carbon emissions (HCEs) represents a critical subsystem within the broader socioeconomic–ecological system driving climate change. This paper presents estimates of HCEs based on panel data for 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021 and examines the effects and mechanisms of DF on HCEs in urban and rural regions. The results indicate that (1) DF has a negative impact on urban HCEs, while, conversely, it exacerbates HCEs in rural regions; (2) based on the heterogeneity analysis, the impact of DF is primarily driven by its coverage, with the most significant effects seen in eastern China; and (3) two transmission channels are operative: an energy consumption scale effect and an energy consumption composition effect. Further analysis suggests that government expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection, as well as financial regulation, play moderating roles in these channels. These findings provide new insights into efforts to achieve carbon neutrality in China and offer new perspectives on the role of financial technologies in shaping environmental outcomes within complex socio-technical systems.