bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestine motility, secretion, and constipation treatment principles
Authors: Shulpekova Yu. O. , Rusyaev V. Yu. , Sheptulin D. A. , Shulpekova N. V.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Constipation is a derangement of the motor, secretory and/or evacuation function of the colon. The same symptoms are recorded in at least 20% of the population in the developed countries – as those occurring sporadically or for a long period.

Basic content. The secretory function of the colon significantly affects stool consistency and its free movement. The secretion increases by 8–10 times in the presence of local mechanical irritation.  Intestinal mucus is produced by colonic goblet cells. The frequency, time of defecation and stool consistency is in large part determined by the motor function of the colon. The relation of various types of contraction varies depending on the main function – propulsion or mixing. Rhythmic phasic contractions in the colon generate a pendular movement with slow propulsion of the contents and absorption of water. The tonic contractions enhance the mixing effect of weak rhythmic contractions. The propulsive contractions are specifically attributed to the lower gastrointestinal tract and occur spontaneously. They occur quite regularly, from 2 to 10 times a day, and ensure the propulsion of intestinal contents over great distances in the colon. When reaching the sphincter area, such wave causes its relaxation by mechanisms of descending inhibition. The dietary regime and adequate intake of carbohydrates with various chain lengths, including dietary fiber, as well as flavonoids and other components that modify peristaltic activity and secretion, play an important role in the regulation of intestinal secretion and peristalsis. The drugs enhancing intestinal secretion and peristalsis, such as bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate, are also used to treat constipation. These substances hydrolyse into bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane in the intestine, which, upon contact with the receptors in colonic mucosa, stimulates propulsive activity and increases intestinal secretion. The selective action of sodium picosulfate is confined to the colon.

Conclusion. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for constipation are aimed at maintaining and enhancing the natural propulsive contractions of the colon and intestinal secretion.
Ustekinumab in patients with Crohn’s disease with extraintestinal manifestations (psoriasis)
Authors: Makarchuk P. A. , Lomakina E. Yu. , Belousova E. A.
Published: October 2020

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are severe immune-mediated diseases. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly increase the burden to the patient. The most common extraintestinal manifestations include erythema nodosum, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Some of the extraintestinal manifestations depend on the activity of the inflammatory process in the intestine and can be reversed during treatment of IBD, while the others require specific therapy, since it does not depend on the degree of inflammation in the intestine. Patients with IBD are at increased risk of developing complications caused by other organ systems, such as osteoporosis, venous thromboembolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Immunemediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, but these conditions can also be complications of IBD therapy. In this regard, patients and healthcare providers should exercise vigilance in identifying extraintestinal manifestations and complications of IBD, and the therapy should be aimed both at treating the underlying disease and reversing extraintestinal manifestations as much as possible. Interleukin-12/23 is an important cytokine in the inflammatory process development in the immune-mediated diseases. Ustekinumab is effective in treating not only IBD, but also psoriasis by blocking interleukin 12/23. The drug shows a higher survival index of the therapy as compared to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors. The article describes the experience of using ustekinumab in severe concomitant pathology – Crohn’s disease in the form of ileocolitis and psoriasis vulgaris with initial manifestations of psoriatic arthritis against ineffectiveness of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors.
Adalimumab and azathioprine in the prevention of postoperative crohn’s disease recurrence
Authors: Poletova A. V. , Shapina M. V.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Despite improvements in earlier diagnosis and the development of conservative therapy for Crohn’s disease (CD), approximately 70%–80% of patients undergo surgical treatment for complications. Surgical treatment is not a cure for this disease. The question of choosing therapy as a prevention of postoperative relapse of CD is still open. AIM. To compare the effectiveness of immunosuppressive and biological therapy as a postoperative preventive therapy.

Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 125 patients with CD who underwent surgery in terms from 2010 to 2017. After the operation, patients were divided into 3 groups. Patients from the first group received azathioprine, from the second - adalimumab, and patients from the third group were prescribed combined therapy with azathioprine and adalimumab. Clinical, endoscopic, and laboratory data for analysis of disease activity was collected 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results. During the year of therapy in all three groups relapses occurred in only 22 patients (22/125 17.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at any of the assessment stages. There was also no statistically significant correlation between the presence of risk factors and relapses.

Conclusion. Our research has shown that the choice of anti-relapse therapy depending on risk factors is controversial. However, active endoscopic monitoring is important regardless of the treatment strategy. Also, our data allow us to conclude that the frequency of relapses of CD during the postoperative preventive therapy does not depend on the specific drug chosen, as well as on demographic and anamnestic parameters.
Differentiated approach to the choice of PPI in a patient with GERD in the practice of an outpatient (with a clinical case)
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. , Malko-Skroz M. V.
Published: October 2020

In recent years, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are quite common. The most significant functional disorders are functional dyspepsia (FD), which is widespread in the population. In addition, in the clinical practice of outpatient doctors, the proportion of combined variants or overlap of several types of functional disorders or a combination of functional disorders with organic pathology has increased. So, according to systematic reviews, the combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and FD occurs in at least one third of patients. At the same time, the combined functional pathology of the gastrointestinal tract changes the clinical picture of GERD, which complicates differential diagnosis, leads to inadequate and multiple prescription of drugs and often low effectiveness of the prescribed therapy. All this negatively affects the quality of life of patients. The tactics of managing patients with the combined course of GERD and FD sometimes presents certain difficulties, since there are no available recommendations for pathogenetic therapy and preventive measures. To date, possible links in the pathogenesis of both GERD and FD have been studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of these two diseases. Drug therapy for GERD includes the appointment of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antireflux drugs. In FD therapy, prokinetics and/or PPIs are effective. A rational approach in the treatment of the intersection of GERD and FD is the appointment of a drug with a dual mechanism of action, which contains both a prokinetic and a PPI. An example of this approach is the appointment of omeprazole and domperidone. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.
Irritable bowel syndrome and biliary tract pathology. Clinical analysis
Authors: Polunina T. E.
Published: October 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) – a recurrent functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the main symptom of which is abdominal pain necessarily associated with a change in intestinal function. IBS is a functional intestinal disorder in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with a defecation act and a change in the frequency or shape of the stool. The diagnosis of IBS remains exclusively clinical. The difficulty in studying IBS, especially from the perspective of its epidemiology, is that there is still no universal and specific biological marker. Very often patients complain about symptoms typical for several functional disorders, in particular, biliary tract pathology and IBS. The article discusses the multi-component causes and mechanisms of IBS formation, which are also present in other functional gastrointestinal tract diseases. Patients with IBS often have functional disorders of the biliary tract (FDBT) that are not associated with organic pathology. There are no reliable differences in the frequency and nature of FDBT in patients with IBS, depending on its current variant - with constipation or diarrhea prevalence. As a result, the treatment of patients with IBS remains a challenge, and the recurrence of the disease depends on the state of psycho-emotional health, the presence of overlap syndrome in most cases. The article presents the main international criteria for diagnostics of IBS. The main approaches to the treatment of IBS are considered. Good results in the treatment of IBS are observed when using drugs that affect the complex of pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. This is confirmed in the article by a clinical case study. The prescription of the Sparex drug for pain relief in a patient with IBS and FDBT is justified by the fact that it not only eliminates pain, but also improves the rheological properties of bile, typical for overlap “IBS-FDBT” syndrome.
Water-resource stress on the Spanish Costa del Sol: policy requirements to improve supply security
Authors: Argamasilla-Ruiz Manuel , Foster Stephen , Andreo-Navarro Bartolome
Published: October 2020

The Costa del Sol, in common with many Mediterranean (and similar) coastal areas, is having to face increasing water-resource stress as a result of global warming and land-use change, coupled with extremely high peak water demand resulting from large tourist numbers and summer climatic factors. An assessment is presented of current water-supply provision, possible measures to enhance the resilience of the water-supply system (focusing on improved use of groundwater storage), and the institutional challenges confronting their implementation.
UM MODO ELEKÔ DE PENSAR E FAZER CINEMA
Authors: Oliveira Vieira Luciana , Colucci Maria Beatriz
Published: October 2020

As integrantes do Coletivo Mulheres de Pedra (RJ) subverteram a forma tradicional hierárquica de fazer e pensar cinema e se organizaram de maneira horizontal para produzir o curta-metragem Elekô (2015), além de propor uma metodologia em que pensar em coletividade e inserir a performance como prática audiovisual em seus filmes fazem parte do que chamaremos de um modo Elekô de pensar e fazer cinema.
MÉTODO AUTO(ARTE)ETNOGRÁFICO: PROPOSITURAS A DRAG QUEENS
Authors: Bignardi Neves Christopher Smith , Gomes Paulo Gabriel Ferreira , Brambatti Luiz Ernesto
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio teórico faz uma abordagem da drag queen para além da personagem cômica e satírica, para pensar a possibilidade de atribuir a ela/ele, por meio da autoetnografia, o papel social de agente de produção de conhecimento. O estudo de características exploratório-descritiva, realizado principalmente por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, traz uma explanação sobre a construção da homossexualidade, da teoria queer e da autoetnografia. Especificamente, correlaciona a autoetnografia como uma forma queer (estranha) de elaborar conhecimentos científicos. Diante do arcabouço teórico apresentado neste ensaio, concebe a drag queen como símbolo de uma cultura não-heterossexual, capaz de enriquecer por meio da autoetnografia pesquisadores de diversas áreas de saber, que através do método podem encontrar material rico para suas análises.
ANCESTRALIDADE AFROSERGIPANA: EXPLORANDO AFETO E MEMÓRIA ATRAVÉS DE UM ENSAIO “META-FOTOGRÁFICO”
Authors: Freitas Luciano
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo apresenta, de forma resumida, o processo de produção de um ensaio fotográfico, explorando metalinguagem, ancestralidade e oralidade, a partir de um recorte de gênero articulado à realidade da comunidade afrodescendente em Sergipe. O referido ensaio, produzido de forma colaborativa com homens e mulheres engajadas nas artes na cultura e na luta antirracista, da capital de Sergipe, Aracaju, foi planejado para ser exposto em forma de varal fotográfico itinerante.

(Ensaio fotográfico anexo)
Potential Application of A Synthetic Organo-funtionalized High Load Expandable Mica as A Drug Carrier for Controlled Release
Authors: Orta M. Mar , Maisanaba Sara , Medina-Carrasco Santiago , Jos Angeles
Published: October 2020

Background:

In this work the cytotoxicity and gastric and gastrointestinal resistance of
a high-load synthetic expandable mica, Na-mica-4, is studied for the first time. The hydrophilic
character of this clay mineral can be modified by ion exchange reaction between Na+ inorganic cations
housed in the interlayer space, and surfactant molecules, resulting in the formation of an
organophilic material. This adsorption capability of organic compounds makes them very useful
for a wide range of applications, such as their use as drug carriers. Previous studies have shown the
high adsorption capacity of organofunctionalized Na-mica-4 of different types of drugs.

Objetive:

To carry out initial trials aimed at testing the cytotoxicity of a synthetic organofunctional
expandable mica and evaluating its resistance to gastric and gastrointestinal digestion.

Methods:

A highly charged sodium mica (Na-mica-4) was synthesized and organofunctional by cationic exchange with an
alkilamine, primary amine of 18 carbon atoms (C18-mica-4). Both were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field transmission electron microscopy, surface-specific analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. In
addition, screening cytotoxicity trials were conducted on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 with C18-mica-4 (0-125
µg/ml).

Results:

Only one of the endpoints evaluated (the reduction of tetrazolium MTS salt by dehydrogenase enzymes) showed a
significant decrease in cellular viability after 48h at the highest concentration tested. C18-mica-4 shows structural resistance
to both, gastric and gastrointestinal, digestion.

Conclusion:

A successful development of a functionalized mica has been made with a promising potential application as a
carrier to the drug.
Properties and Recent Advantages of N,N’-dialkylimidazolium-ion Liquids Application in Electrochemistry
Authors: Alizadeh Marzieh , Nodehi Marzieh , Salmanpour Sadegh , Karimi Fatemeh , Sanati Afsaneh L. , Malekmohammadi Samira , Zakariae Nilofar , Esmaeili Roghayeh , Jafari Hedayat
Published: October 2020

:

N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids is one of the important ionic liquids with a wide range of application as conductive electrolyte and in electrochemistry. The modified electrodes create a new view in fabrication of electroanalytical sensors. Many modifiers have beeen suggested for modification of electroanalytical sensor since many years ago. Over these years, ionic liquids and especially room temperature ionic liquids have attracted more attention due to their wide range of electrochemical windows and high electrical conductivity. N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids are one of the main important ionic liquids suggested for modification of bare electrodes and especially carbon paste electrodes. Although many review articles have reported onthe use of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors, no review article has been specifically introduced so far on the review of the advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquid. Therefore, in this review paper we focused on the introduction of recent advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkyl imidazolium ionic liquid in electrochemistry.
Hemodynamic Assessment and In vivo Catabolism of Adenosine 5’-triphosphate in Doxorubicin or Isoproterenol-induced Cardiovascular Toxicity
Authors: Yeung Pollen K. , Mohammadizadeh Sheyda , Akhoundi Fatemeh , Mann Kelsey , Agu Remigius U. , Pulinilkunnil Thomas
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Previous studies have shown that catabolism of adenosine 5’-triphosphate
(ATP) in systemic blood is a potential surrogate biomarker for cardiovascular toxicity. We compared
the acute toxicity of high doses of doxorubicin (DOX) and isoproterenol (ISO) on hemodynamics
and ATP catabolism in the systemic circulation.

Methods:

sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 8 - 11) were each given either a single dose of 30 mg/kg
ISO, or a twice-daily dose of 10 mg/kg of DOX or 4 doses of normal saline (control) by subcutaneous
injection. Blood samples were collected up to 6 hours for measuring concentrations of ATP
and its catabolites. Hemodynamics was recorded continuously. The difference was considered significant
at p < 0.05 (ANOVA).

Results:

Mortality was 1/8, 5/11, and 0/11 for the DOX, ISO, and control groups, respectively. Systolic
blood pressure was significantly lower in the DOX and ISO treated rats than in control measured
at the last recorded time (76 ± 9 for DOX vs. 42 ± 8 for ISO vs. 103 ± 5 mmHg for control, p
< 0.05 for all). Blood pressure fell gradually after the final injection for both DOX and control
groups, but abruptly after ISO, followed by a rebound and then gradual decline till the end of the
experiment. Heart rate was significantly higher after ISO, but there were no differences between
the DOX and control rats (p > 0.05). RBC concentrations of ADP and AMP, and plasma concentrations
of adenosine and uric acid were significantly higher in the ISO group. In contrast, hypoxanthine
concentrations were significantly higher in the DOX treated group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Acute cardiovascular toxicity induced by DOX and ISO may be measured by changes
in hemodynamics and breakdown of ATP and adenosine in the systemic circulation, albeit a
notable qualitative and quantitative difference was observed.
Evaluation of the Effect of Various Powers of the Diode Laser in Microcrack Formation in the Wall of the Dental Root Canal by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Authors: Godiny Mostafa , Khavid Atefeh , Jalilvand Morteza
Published: October 2020

Background:

The laser is utilized for the removal of the smear layer, cleaning and disinfecting the dental canal. Recently, diode laser has been offered with a wavelength of (635-980nm) for cleaning and disinfecting the dental root canal.

Objective:

There is not adequate evidence for microcrack formation when using diode lasers with different powers. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to analyze various powers of a diode laser in microcrack formation in dental root canals.

Methods:

In this experimental study, 100 mandibular incisor teeth that were extracted because of periodontal disease were selected. Using stereo-microscope, the presence of crack and fracture of the root was evaluated before and after canal instrumentation. Then, samples were randomly divided into 10 groups (10 samples in any group) based on different powers of laser and canal to be humid or dry under laser radiation. The laser was utilized for 10s puls within three iterated times. The samples were cross-sectioned after disinfection with a diode laser at 3 and 6mm length from the dental apex. Sections were observed under a scanning electron microscope and images were taken.

Results:

The frequency of microcracks is increased at the distance of (3-6mm) from the dental apex by an increase in laser power level from 2 to 4w (P<0.05). Similarly, results showed that the probability of microcrack formation under dry condition than the humid condition at the distance of 3mm from the dental apex might increase to 6.606 times and at the distance of 6mm from the dental apex increase to 4.978 times more.

Conclusion:

The optimal power of diode laser in the wavelength of (980nm) for cleaning and disinfecting of the root canal with the minimum damage on hard periodontium tissue is 1.5w.
Actinotignum schaalii and Aerococcus urinae as Etiology of Infected Kidney Cyst: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Jensen Veronika Vorobieva Solholm , Dargis Rimtas , Nielsen Xiaohui Chen , Wiese Lothar , Christensen Jens Jørgen
Published: October 2020

The case presented here illustrates a sometimes complex disease presentation where interdisciplinary teamwork is essential. A 74-years-old woman with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease and a composite graft aortic valve implant was admitted to hospital with an episode of acute lower back pain combined with long-term fever. The final diagnoses of a left-sided, infected and radiologically evident kidney cyst caused by the urinary tract pathogens Actinotignum schaalii and Aerococcus urinae was established by the use of partial 16S/18S rRNA gene sequence analysis on kidney cyst drainage material taken after four weeks of relevant antibiotic therapy.
Structural Analysis, Antifungal Activity and Molecular Docking Study of a Compound Isolated from Streptomyces species
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Agrawal Anurag , Chauhan Diwakar , Saini Pragati
Published: October 2020

Background::

The emergence of drug resistance is the biggest threat; consequently, novel
antimicrobial agents from natural sources is the need of the hour. This study was designed to isolate
and evaluate a bioactive compound from actinomycete against human pathogens.

Methods::

In search of a new antimicrobial compound with enhanced potency, several actinomycetes
were isolated and screened for their anidermatophytic acitivity. The bioactive compound
was extracted and purified by chromatographic technique. The structure of the extracted bio active
compound was elucidated by mass and NMR data. The synthesized bioactive compound was further
tested for its antidermatophytic activity by the micro broth dilution method.

Results::

Streptomyces ARITM 03 was isolated that exhibited antifungal activity against human
pathogenic fungi by primary and secondary screening methods. The MIC of bioactive compound
was found to be 1250, 312.5 and 2500 μg/ml against tested fungal pathogens A. niger, C. albicans
and M. canis, respectively. Chromatography analysis of active metabolite showed a single spot having
Rf value of 0.74 and FT-IR spectrum displaying the presence of OH, CO=NH2 functional
amide group, and C=O keto groups in the structure. The mass and NMR spectra revealed the molecular
formula C26H44N4O6 of bioactive compound. The azole derivative showed an acceptable docking
score and exhibited a greater zone of inhibition in comparison to the other compounds.

Conclusion::

The results presented in this paper provided an insight into the capability of Streptomyces
sp. ARITM03 as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites compound a
molecule to develop other azoles, to be used clinically to overcome adverse effects like gynecomastia
and hepatotoxicity due to extensive use of current azole antifungal agents.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting Parameters Based on Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xiao Maohua , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2020

Background:

Problems, such as severe hardening and poor processing quality, are present in
the cutting process of difficult-to-machine materials.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate and optimize the machining parameters of 630 stainless
steel by using an independently designed 28-KHz double-excitation elliptical vibration cutting process.

Methods:

Using the AdvantEdge platform and response surface method, the effects of the cutting speed
v, feed rate f, and cutting depth ap on the cutting forces Fx and Fy in the feed and depth directions, respectively,
and cutting temperature T were analyzed. Then, regression prediction models with three response
variables for each of the three independent variables were established, and the best cutting parameter
combination was optimized. Finally, the results were obtained and validated through physical
experiment methods.

Results:

Results show that the error of the experimental results relative to the predicted ones under the
optimized cutting parameter combination is less than 9%.

Conclusion:

Based on the response surface method, the optimal cutting parameters are obtained, and the
cutting force and cutting temperature are at a lower level. The findings indicate the feasibility of the optimized
machining parameters and provide a reference for the selection of cutting parameters and the
publishing of patents, and when ultrasonic vibration is used, for cutting difficult-to-machine materials.
Natural and Nanotechnology Based Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Psoriasis
Authors: Yadav Nishu , Aggarwal Rohan , Targhotra Monika , Sahoo Prabhat K. , Chauhan Meenakshi K.
Published: October 2020

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin that is chronic, inflammatory, recurring, and affects about 2-5 percent of the population of the world. For treating psoriasis, ample drugs and molecules are available. However, none are safe and efficient for treating the disease without sacrificing the compliance of the patient. Also, existing medications are intended to mitigate the signs and symptoms and 100% cure is not achieved. They do, however, concentrate on treating the illness and relieving the symptoms. Therefore, finding a delivery mechanism that can treat psoriasis safely and efficiently without sacrificing patient enforcement remains a critical task. Nano based formulations present a high prospect of overcoming the weakness of traditional formulations by providing dose reductions, reduced side effects, and dosage frequency with improved efficacy while herbal medicinal products can also be used as potential drugs against psoriasis as they are easily available and are safe. This review focuses primarily on the traditional strategies and recent discoveries of a range of anti-psoriatic drugs in metallic, polymer, and herbal-based formulations. Nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nano-capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), ethosome, liposomes have been elaborated. Also, studies relating to the use of Phyto based plants in psoriasis has been discussed. Nano and herbal based formulations, in a nutshell, remain known as a promising approach for treating psoriasis.
Superior Co-catalysis by Bimetallic Nanostructure for TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Pal Bonamali , Monga Anila , Bathla Aadil
Published: October 2020

Background::

Bimetallic nanocomposites have currently gained significant importance for
enhanced catalytic applications relative to monometallic analogues. The synergistic interactions modified
electronic and optical properties in the bimetallic (M1@M2) structural morphology e.g., coreshell
/alloy nanostructures resulting in a better co-catalytic performance for TiO2 photocatalysis.

Objective::

Hence, this article discusses the preparation, characterization, and co-catalytic activity of
different bimetallic nanostructures namely, Cu@Zn, Pd@Au, Au@Ag, and Ag@Cu, etc.

Methods:

These bimetallic co-catalysts deposited on TiO2 possess the ability to absorb visible light
due to surface plasmonic absorption and are also expected to display the new properties due to synergy
between two distinct metals. As a result, they reveal the highest level of activity than the monometal
deposited TiO2.

Results:

Their optical absorption, emission, charge carrier dynamics, and surface structural morphology
are explained for the improved photocatalytic activity of M1@M2 loaded TiO2 for the hydrogenation
of certain organic compounds e.g., quinoline, crotonaldehyde, and 1,3-dinitrobenzene, etc. under
UV/ visible light irradiation.

Conclusion::

It was revealed that the use of bimetallic core@shell co-catalyst for hydrogenation of
important industrial organics by M1@M2-TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrates beneficial reactivity in
many instances relative to conventional transition metal catalysts.
Designing a Chat-bot for College Information using Information Retrieval and Automatic Text Summarization Techniques
Authors: Guha Radha
Published: October 2020

Background::

In the era of information overload it is very difficult for a human reader to
make sense of the vast information available on the internet quickly. Even for a specific domain like
a college or university website, it may be difficult for a user to browse through all the links to quickly
get the relevant answers.

Objective::

In this scenario, the design of a chat-bot which can answer questions related to college
information and compare between colleges will be very useful and novel.

Methods::

In this paper, a novel conversational interface chat-bot application with information retrieval
and text summarization skill is designed and implemented. Firstly, this chat-bot has a simple
dialog skill; when it can understand the user query intent, it responds from the stored collection of
answers. Secondly, for unknown queries, this chat-bot can search the internet, and then perform text
summarization using advanced techniques of natural language processing (NLP) and text mining
(TM).

Results::

The advancement of NLP capability of information retrieval and text summarization using
machine learning techniques of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSI), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA),
Word2Vec, Global Vector (GloVe) and TextRank is reviewed and compared in this paper first before
implementing them for the chat-bot design. This chat-bot improves user experience tremendously
by getting answers to specific queries concisely which takes less time than to read the entire
document. Students, parents and faculty can get the answers for a variety of information like admission
criteria, fees, course offerings, notice board, attendance, grades, placements, faculty profile,
research papers, patents, etc. more efficiently.

Conclusion::

The purpose of this paper was to follow the advancement in NLP technologies and implement
them in a novel application.
A More Suitable Definition of Quadratic Surds
Authors: Lecian Orchidea Maria
Published: October 2020

Background:

The properties of the groupPGL(2,C) on the Upper Poincar´e Half Plane have been analyzed.

Objective:

In particular, the classification of points and geodesics has been achieved by considering the solution to the free Hamiltonian associated problem.

Methods:

The free Hamiltonian associated problem implies to discard the symmetry sl(2,Z) for the definition of reduced geodesics. By means of the new definition and classification of reduced geodesics, new construction for tori, punctured tori, and the tessellation of the Upper Poincar´e Half Plane is found.

Results:

A definition of quadratic surds is proposed, for which the folding group corresponds to the tiling group, (also) for Hamiltonian systems on the Hyperbolic Plane (also realized as the Upper Poincar´e Half Plane (UPHP)).

Conclusion:

The initial conditions determine the result of the folding of the trajectories as tiling punctured tori and for tori.
A Novel Work on Analyzing STRESS and Depression level of Indian
Population During COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Mathur Priya , Bijawat Shruti , Dadhich Abhishek
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The world is facing the pandemic situation of COVID-19 which leads to a large level of stress and
depression on mankind as well on society. Static measurements can be conducted for early identification of the stress and
depression level and diagnose or preventing from the effect of these conditions. Several studies have been carried out in
this regard. The Machine learning model is the best way to predict the level of stress and depression of humankind by
statistically analyzing the behavior of humankind which helps to the early detection of stress and depression. This helps to
prevent society from psychological pressures from any disaster like COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the
public health emergencies which are of great international concern. It imposes a great physiological burden and challenges
on the population of the country facing the disaster caused by this disease.

Methods:

In this paper, the authors have surveyed by defining some questionnaires related to depression and stress and
used the machine learning approach to predict the stress and depression level of humankind in the situation COVID19The data sets are analyzed using the Multiple Linear Regression Model. The predicted score of stress and depression is
mapped into DASS-21. The predictions have been made over different age groups, gender, and categories. The Machine
learning model is the best way to predict the level of stress and depression of humankind by statistically analyzing the
behavior of humankind which helps the early detection of stress and depression.

Results:

Females are more stressed and depressed than males. The people who are 45+ years age are more stressed and
depressed. The male and female students are more stressed and depressed. The overall analysis said that the peoples of
India are stressed and depressed at the level of “Serve” due to COVID-19. This can because of a student’s career
concerning their study and examination. The females who feel so much burden of business as well as their salary. The
aged people are depressed due to COVID-19 disaster.

Conclusion:

This research given very big support to understand our objectives. We have also implemented our analysis of
data based on DASS-21 parameters defined for the Anxiety, Depression, and stress at the world level. By the analysis
defined in section 5 we conclude that the people of India are more stressed and depressed at the level of "Serve" due to
COVID-19.
A Data Visualization and Dissemination Resource to Support HIV Prevention and Care at the Local Level: Analysis and Uses of the AIDSVu Public Data Resource (Preprint)
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Woodyatt Cory , Koski Chelsea , Pembleton Elizabeth , McGuinness Pema , Taussig Jennifer , Ricca Alexandra , Luisi Nicole , Mokotoff Eve , Benbow Nanette , Castel Amanda D , Do Ann N , Valdiserri Ronald O , Bradley Heather , Jaggi Chandni , O'Farrell Daniel , Filipowicz Rebecca , Siegler Aaron J , Curran James , Sanchez Travis H
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

AIDSVu is a public resource for visualizing HIV surveillance data and other population-based information relevant to HIV prevention, care, policy, and impact assessment.

OBJECTIVE

The site, AIDSVu.org, aims to make data about the US HIV epidemic widely available, easily accessible, and locally relevant to inform public health decision making.

METHODS

AIDSVu develops visualizations, maps, and downloadable datasets using results from HIV surveillance systems, other population-based sources of information (eg, US Census and national probability surveys), and other data developed specifically for display and dissemination through the website (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP] prescriptions). Other types of content are developed to translate surveillance data into summarized content for diverse audiences using infographic panels, interactive maps, local and state fact sheets, and narrative blog posts.

RESULTS

Over 10 years, AIDSVu.org has used an expanded number of data sources and has progressively provided HIV surveillance and related data at finer geographic levels, with current data resources providing HIV prevalence data down to the census tract level in many of the largest US cities. Data are available at the county level in 48 US states and at the ZIP Code level in more than 50 US cities. In 2019, over 500,000 unique users consumed AIDSVu data and resources, and HIV-related data and insights were disseminated through nearly 4,000,000 social media posts. Since AIDSVu’s inception, at least 249 peer-reviewed publications have used AIDSVu data for analyses or referenced AIDSVu resources. Data uses have included targeting of HIV testing programs, identifying areas with inequitable PrEP uptake, including maps and data in academic and community grant applications, and strategically selecting locations for new HIV treatment and care facilities to serve high-need areas.

CONCLUSIONS

Surveillance data should be actively used to guide and evaluate public health programs; AIDSVu translates high-quality, population-based data about the US HIV epidemic and makes that information available in formats that are not consistently available in surveillance reports. Bringing public health surveillance data to an online resource is a democratization of data, and presenting information about the HIV epidemic in more visual formats allows diverse stakeholders to engage with, understand, and use these important public health data to inform public health decision making.
Libyan Medical Schools Challenges Toward National and Global Accreditation (Preprint)
Authors: Atia Ahmed
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Dear Editor, we would like to share the Libyan’s experiences in the accreditation of medical education. We shall first describe in brief the education system in Libya before talking about the process and challenges in accreditation of medical education. Next, we shall clarify the role of the National Center for Quality Assurance and Accreditation (NCQAA) in supporting medical faculties to adopt the criteria of the world federation of medical education (WFME).
How Self-tracking and the Quantified Self Promote Health and Well-being: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Feng Shan , Mäntymäki Matti , Dhir Amandeep , Salmela Hannu
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people’s daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated rapidly in recent years. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research that reviews, classifies, and synthesizes the state of the art with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to identify the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self in terms of health and well-being.

METHODS

We have undertaken a systematic literature review on self-tracking and the quantified self in promoting health and well-being. After a rigorous literature search, followed by inclusions, exclusions, and the application of article quality assessment protocols, 67 empirical studies qualified for the review.

RESULTS

Our results demonstrate that prior research has focused on 3 stakeholders with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self, namely end users, patients and people with illnesses, and health care professionals and caregivers. We used these stakeholder groups to cluster the research themes of the reviewed studies. We identified 11 research themes. There are 6 themes under the end-user cluster: user motivation and goal setting, usage and effects of self-tracking, continuance intention and long-term usage, management of personal data, rejection and discontinuance, and user characteristics. The patient and people with illnesses cluster contains three themes: usage experience of patients and people with illnesses, management of patient-generated data, and advantages and disadvantages in the clinical context. The health care professional and caregiver cluster contains two themes: collaboration among patients, health care professionals, and caregivers, and changes in the roles of patients and professionals. Moreover, we classified the future research suggestions given in the literature into 5 directions in terms of research designs and research topics. Finally, based on our reflections on the observations from the review, we suggest four future research directions: (1) users’ cognitions and emotions related to processing and interpreting the information produced by tracking devices and apps; (2) the dark side of self-tracking (eg, its adverse psychosocial consequences); (3) self-tracking as a societal phenomenon; and (4) systemic impacts of self-tracking on health care and the actors involved.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic literature review contributes to research and practice by assisting future research activities and providing practitioners with a concise overview of the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self.
Comparative effectiveness of trastuzumab emtansine versus lapatinib plus chemotherapy for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Ramagopalan Sreeram V , Pisoni Riccardo , Zenin Aleksandr , Rathore Lokendra Singh , Ray Joshua , Sammon Cormac
Published: October 2020

Aim:
To investigate the comparative effectiveness of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in a real-world population of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients.
Materials & methods:
The Flatiron Health database was used to identify a cohort of HER2+ mBC patients who received first-line trastuzumab treatment and T-DM1 or lapatinib plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Overall survival was compared between the two groups.
Results:
 A total of 278 patients with HER2+ mBC received second-line T-DM1 and 34 lapatinib plus chemotherapy. Overall survival was longer in patients treated with T-DM1 than those treated with lapatinib plus chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38–0.85).
Conclusion:
Real-world data supports the effectiveness of T-DM1 in the second-line treatment of HER2+ mBC patients.
Memes, Meme Viruses: Their Essence and Distribution in the Infosphere and Media Space
Authors: Bocharov A. B. , Demidov M. O.
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to memes, their genesis, essence and typology. The purpose of the research was to analyze the current state of infosphere from memetics perspective. The meth­odology is based on the extrapolation principle of conceptual construct of evolutionary biol­ogy to understanding of the essence of culture and its development. The final conclusion of this research was an assumption that biological evolution continues in cultural. Cultures, which are evaluated as highly developed, spread their values in form of memes: any culture carries out semantic expansion and is aimed at their “advance”. Memes of life-affirming or rational values contribute to preservation and development of culture, and memes of life-rejecting or irrational values lead culture to the dead-end by causing intellectual stagnation in society. The latter could be interpreted as viruses. The environment for appearance and replication of meme-viruses is mass media and mediasphere in general. Based on the findings there are two main theses: there is a need to deal with meme-viruses, which requires improving skills/tech- niques of effective confrontation; it is necessary to develop intellectual immunity, providing a professional handicap to its carrier.
Protector: A Permanent Fault Resilient Router Architecture for Network on Chip
Authors: Khan Baloch Naveed , Hussain Ayaz , Baig Muhammad Iram
Published: October 2020

The decreasing size of the transistor has increased the vulnerability towards faults. Increasing number of cores on a single chip has made the concept of Network on Chip (NoC) a standard communication backbone among cores. This facility comes with vulnerability of faults in the system due to decreasing size of transistors. A permanent fault in the network leads to undesirable consequence such as permanent blocking of flits or failure of the whole router. Preserving the router in the operational state has a significant impact on the reliability of the system. Permanent fault in buffers and pipeline stages of the router has a high impact on performance. The proposed router architecture Protector provides faults protection to both buffers and pipelines stages by exploiting the concepts of borrowing from other resources, using bypass paths and by creating multiple paths to reach output. The proposed router incurred an area overhead of 30% as compared to the baseline design. Reliability analysis using Silicon Protection Factor indicates that the proposed router has better fault tolerance efficiency as compared to state of the art. Latency analysis using PARSEC and SPLASH-2 benchmarks indicates proposed router incurs 13% and 16% latency overhead in the presence of faults.
Constrained Composite Differential Evolution Search for Optimal Site and Size of Distributed Generation Along with Reconfiguration in Radial Distribution Network
Authors: Ali Aamir , Keerio Muhammad Usman , Mugheri Noor Hussain
Published: October 2020

This paper proposed a novel method to find the Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR) of radial distribution network along with optimal site and size of Distributed Generation (DG) with an objective of power loss reduction. OFR and DG allocation problems are highly non-linear and complex optimization problems, complexity of problem is further increased with the addition of distribution operation constraints. In the last two decades, Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been implemented successfully to find the OFR and DG allocation considering different objective functions. However, search space adopted by EAs are unconstrained, therefore numerous methodologies are adapted to discard infeasible solutions. The penalty approach is most widely used in the literature, it requires appropriate selection of penalty parameters using a tedious trial and error method. In this paper, a new EA Constrained Composite Differential Evolution (C2oDE) is proposed find optimal capacity and site of DG along with reconfiguration problem. In the proposed algorithms three trial vectors are generated to strike balance among exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, to find the feasible solutions in the decision space two most widely used constraint handling techniques that include feasibility rule and ɛ-constrained method are added to select the trail vector and individuals respectively for the next generation. Proposed C2oDE method has been validated by considering IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus and 119-bus distribution networks at five different cases. Simulation results obtained shows better performance of proposed method against the most recent literature to find both OFR and DG allocation
Understanding the Incremental Impact of Built Environment on Climate Change of Metropolitan City Karachi
Authors: Kanwal Nimra , Khan Nuhzat
Published: October 2020

Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.