bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationships between warm-season precipitation, potential evaporation, and “apparent” potential evaporation at site scale
Authors: Chen Xi , Buchberger Steven G.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Bouchet's complementary relationship and the Budyko hypothesis
are two classic frameworks that are inter-connected. To systematically
investigate the connections between the two frameworks, we analyze
precipitation, pan evaporation, and potential evaporation data at 259 weather
stations across the United States. The precipitation and pan evaporation data
are from field measurement and the potential evaporation data are collected
from a remote-sensing dataset. We use pan evaporation to represent
“apparent” potential evaporation, which is different from potential
evaporation. With these data, we study the correlations between precipitation
and potential evaporation, and between precipitation and “apparent”
potential evaporation. The results show that 93 % of the study's weather
stations exhibit a negative correlation between precipitation and
“apparent” potential evaporation. Also, the aggregated data cloud of
precipitation vs. “apparent” potential evaporation with 5312 warm-season data points
from 259 weather stations shows a negative trend in which “apparent”
potential evaporation decreases with increasing precipitation. On the other
hand, no significant correlation is found in the data cloud of precipitation
vs. potential evaporation, indicating that precipitation and potential
evaporation are independent. We combine a Budyko-type expression, the
Turc–Pike equation, with Bouchet's complementary relationship to derive
upper and lower Bouchet–Budyko curves, which display a complementary
relationship between “apparent” potential evaporation and actual
evaporation. The observed warm-season data follow the trend of the
Bouchet–Budyko curves. Our study shows the consistency between Budyko's
framework and Bouchet's complementary relationship, with the distinction
between potential evaporation and “apparent” potential evaporation. The
formulated complementary relationship can be used in quantitative modeling
practices.
From outrage to normalization: Uses of psychoanalysis by the Spanish sexual reform movement (1920-1939)
Authors: Lévy Silvia , Huertas Rafael
Published: August 2018

The aim of this article is to analyze how psychoanalytic ideas were received within the context of the debate around sexuality which took place in Spain during the 1920s and 1930s. While this reception was initially marked by a questioning of the role that Freud assigned to sexuality, psychoanalytic discourse would later make an appearance in various proposals for reforming sexual customs and overcoming bourgeois morality. The paper also considers the use of psychoanalysis in normative environments such as sexual education and marriage legislation, highlighting the different uses of psychoanalysis in the movement for sexual reform on a scientific basis which culminated during the socio- political context of the Second Republic.
Las consecuencias socioeconómicas directas de la Primera Guerra Carlista
Authors: Caridad Salvador Antonio
Published: August 2018

En este artículo trato de analizar el impacto que la Primera Guerra Carlista tuvo sobre la población y la economía española. Para ello he divido las consecuencias en tres partes: pérdidas humanas, el exilio tras la guerra y los daños materiales. De esta forma he observado que la Primera Guerra Carlista, aunque no tuvo consecuencias graves sobre el conjunto de España, sí que las tuvo sobre las zonas que se vieron más afectadas por los combates. En ellas la guerra dejó un rastro de muertos, heridos, carlistas exiliados, mujeres violadas, viviendas destruidas, bosques talados y ganado exterminado, así como un aumento del endeudamiento municipal y estatal, que a su vez tuvo otras repercusiones.
De las calles a las instituciones. Protesta popular y conquista del poder municipal en Madrid (1909)
Authors: Hernández Quero Carlos , De Miguel Salanova Santiago
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se abordan los éxitos electorales obtenidos por la izquierda madrileña en los comicios municipales de mayo y diciembre de 1909, insertos en el contexto de intensa agitación sociopolítica correspondiente a la crisis del Gobierno Largo de Antonio Maura. Escapando de los clásicos esquemas de los estudios de sociología electoral basados en la reproducción de campañas y resultados, este texto concede el protagonismo al imparable proceso de urbanización de Madrid y al desarrollo en sus barrios de nuevos mecanismos de acción colectiva y contestación social a la hora de entender la trascendencia de unas elecciones municipales que permitieron a republicanos y a socialistas el acceso a las instituciones y a la gestión del espacio público.
Yo confieso. Autobiografías y prácticas orgánicas comunistas durante los años 30
Authors: Rueda Laffond José Carlos
Published: August 2018

Se aborda la autobiografía comunista como práctica político-cultural durante los años treinta. Inicialmente se repasan algunas funcionalidades de dichos materiales y el estado de la cuestión. La segunda parte se sitúa ante varios puntos de atención: la teoría y práctica del cuadro comunista y la importancia del ego-documento en la Internacional Comunista, el Partido Comunista de España y las Brigadas Internacionales. El artículo resalta la relevancia de estas manifestaciones en la comprensión del comunismo como red transnacional nutrida por valores simbólicos, lógicas de sujeción y proyectos organizativos compartidos.
El movimiento estudiantil chileno durante la Transición a la Democracia: resurgimiento y movilización contra las herencias de la dictadura de Pinochet
Authors: Errázuriz Tagle Javiera
Published: August 2018

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la trayectoria del movimiento estudiantil chileno, y en particular de la Federación de Estudiantes de la Universidad de Chile (FECH), en los años 90 para observar las transformaciones que vive el movimiento durante la transición a la democracia. La progresiva desmovilización social impulsada por los partidos de oposición en los primeros años de la transición a la democracia, afectaron a todos los movimientos sociales que habían protagonizado las protestas entre 1983 y 1986, y en particular al movimiento estudiantil, el cual se vio obligado a crear nuevos marcos para la acción colectiva adecuados a la nueva situación de democracia.
La comprensión de la situación problema en la práctica del Trabajo Social de Casos
Authors: Cardona Cardona Josefa , Cuartero Castañer María Elena , Campos Vidal José Francisco
Published: August 2018

Introducción El artículo analiza de que forma los trabajadores/as sociales de los servicios comunitarios de atención primaria  se aproximan a la comprensión de la situación problema relatada por sus clientes. Comprender lo que sucede va a orientar el proceso de cambio y proponer un tipo de trabajo concreto en unas condiciones definidas. Se busca formular junto a los clientes un acuerdo de trabajo, es decir,  el contexto de intervención para el cambio: asesoramiento, control, formación,  información, asistencia, terapia o mediación. Si la compresión de la situación-problema es insuficiente o es inadecuada, las intervenciones para el cambio no  se ajustarán a las singularidades de los clientes y tampoco  a sus necesidades. Material y métodos  Para responder  a la pregunta de investigación, se ha   desarrollado  una muestra no probabilística intencional del 73,04%  del total de trabajadores sociales que trabajaban en proyectos de atención directa individual y familiar. Se han obtenido los rankings de los niveles de importancia y realización de los criterios de intervención interrogados, se ha analizado la relación lineal a través del coeficiente de correlación lineal de Spearman  y se ha desarrollado la prueba de conformidad Z para proporciones. Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados ponen en evidencia la discrepancia entre los criterios de intervención que se consideran importantes y el nivel de realización de los mismos. También indican que en el proceso para la  definición del contexto de intervención (acogida inicial, escucha de la demanda, comprensión de la situación problema, co-diagnóstico, formulación de objetivos, desarrollo de la alianza de ayuda y determinación del contexto de intervención) el punto débil se centra en la comprensión de la situación problema. Esta comprensión se muestra superficial, con una baja práctica de criterios de intervención que evalúen significados, fortalezas, soluciones intentadas y sistemas implicados. La práctica profesional de comprensión del problema no confía suficientemente en  la aplicación de técnicas  de análisis fundamentales y   no considera  en  profundidad  la puesta en juego de los conocimientos del propio profesional.  Dicha situación  no va a permitir que se construya una definición del contexto de intervención adecuada a la situación problema y, en consecuencia, va a dificultar que la dirección de las intervenciones para el cambio se corresponda con las necesidades de los clientes.
Claves éticas para el trabajo social: dependencia, cuidado y autonomía.
Authors: Cordero Ramos Nuria , Palacios Esteban Jose Emilio
Published: August 2018

Se parte del hecho de que las propuestas vigentes de organización social, sean de cuño comunitarista,  colectivismo revolucionario  o  contractualismo liberal, debido a la ficticia concepción de la persona con que operan, no dan una respuesta adecuada  a su dignidad. Dicha respuesta necesita fundamentarse en la vulnerabilidad y consiguiente mutua “dependencia”  que por naturaleza nos vincula a los seres humanos, sin excepción de individuos  y a lo largo de la vida. Esta perspectiva nos sirve para valorar la forma en que de hecho nos tratamos. En consecuencia,  insta a que, más allá de la justa indignación, asumamos el compromiso propio de lo que presentamos como “ética del cuidado”. Un cuidado en el que han de concienciarse los ciudadanos, generalizarse en la sociedad civil y convertirse  en “solidaridad” como  núcleo  del Estado social. De estas reflexiones se decantan los valores clave del trabajo social, entre los que  la “autonomía plena de la persona” constituye el horizonte o punto de llegada al que proponemos dirigir nuestra mirada y nuestra acción.
La filosofia moral y la práctica profesional
Authors: Gaitán Torres Antonio
Published: August 2018

Lo que sigue es un comentario crítico de ‘El buen profesional’, de Damián Salcedo – EBP, en adelante[1]. En EBP se ofrece una caracterización de la integridad profesional, y de algunos de los dilemas que se le plantean al trabajador social en su práctica cotidiana, a partir de una caracterización formal de nuestros juicios morales. Se asume en EBP que un trabajo previo de clarificación conceptual - eminentemente filosófico y centrado en el tipo de razones que sustentan nuestros  juicios morales - podría ser de ayuda a la hora de analizar conflictos y dilemas profesionales típicos. El objetivo de este comentario es cuestionar la validez y utilidad de esta labor de re-descripción conceptual asumido por Salcedo en EBP. Una de las novedades más destacables en la reciente Filosofía Moral es la creciente atención que se viene prestando dentro de la disciplina a un conjunto de datos empíricos centrados en nuestra pensamiento moral, en nuestra deliberación moral y en los condicionantes sociales que afectan a esta peculiar capacidad psicológica (Singer 2005. Appiah 2008). [1]Salcedo, D. 2015. ‘El buen profesional’, Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, Vol. 28-1, pp. 17-24
Repensar la ética en Trabajo Social desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Agrela Romero Belén , Gutiérrez Casal Camino , Fernández Contreras Teresa
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre los dilemas éticos en Trabajo Social desde un enfoque de género, especialmente cuando intervenimos con mujeres. Mediante una investigación cualitativa hemos analizado el discurso de profesionales para identificar la manera en la que la dimensión ética y el género atraviesan las formas de pensar e intervenir. Repensar la ética desde una perspectiva de género es central es central para comprender la manera en la que construimos el Trabajo Social teórica y metodológicamente.
Court “Monsters”: Deformity in the Western European Royal Courts between 1500 and 1700
Authors: Wells Christopher William
Published: August 2018

Whereas early modern monstrosity generally has enjoyed in-depth historical investigation, the presence of so-called monsters at the European royal courts has been somewhat overlooked. By using a severity continuum of deformity and a subcontinuum of emancipation as a framework, this article addresses three specific questions regarding court monstrosity: Why did such individuals reside at court? What role did they have within the court? How were they perceived and treated by other courtiers? The article will first address those who belonged at the less severe end of the severity continuum but whose relatively minor abnormalities nevertheless rendered them wondrous—courtly dwarfs and giants. This is followed by an examination of two of the more unusual types of deformities belonging to the more severe end of the continuum—people with hirsutism and conjoined twins.
Shakespeare and the Magic of Mummy: Julius Caesar's Consumed/Consuming Bodies
Authors: Walker Katherine
Published: August 2018

I argue in this article for a reconsideration of Shakespeare's play in light of the phenomena of eating mummified flesh in early modern medicinal practice. At various junctures in Julius Caesar, characters imagine consuming Caesar's sanctified flesh as an act of revenge, dissolution, or medical regimen. As this article shows, however, such an act is never empirically neutral. Rather, Shakespeare's drama explores the intractable animus that inheres in the corpse, particularly in the material of Caesar's flesh. In attending to the preternatural discourses surrounding this type of consumption, the article provides a new lens for understanding the period's fascination with—and desire for—a panacea that enfolds imprecation and special consideration of the preternatural properties of the human body.
Container Shipping: The Evaluation of Quality Factors in Freight Forwarding Services
Authors: Sramkova Eva , Kolar Petr , Hunak James
Published: August 2018

This article evaluates quality factors determined by customers of a freight forwarder operating in the Czech market, through the development of a new service quality measurement tool, TARRQUAL. Developed by the authors and based on expert discussions, TARRQUAL supplements the Delphi method. Through the application of factors derived from relevant research studies from customers in the Asian, Australian, and American markets, the research elaborates the dimensions expressed by Czech cargo beneficiaries. Using a decision-making matrix, the research findings are compared. The research key value is a holistic input for the empirical research in the forwarding services provider selection process, geographically scoped by the inland hinterland of European markets, with the Czech Republic as a showcase.
Nurses’ happiness and awareness of their influence on work in governmental and private hospitals
Authors: Yahya Alhakami Ibrahim , Ghazi Baker Omar
Published: August 2018

Nurses passed through many stressful experiences during nursing work. Emotional support and considering their emotional needs can alleviate such work-associated tension and contribute to the quality of their performance. Nurses’ happiness and awareness of their influence on work are necessary blocks to build the nurses’ emotional steadiness, and thus their work retention and turnover rates would be maintained. This study establishes to attain two aims: First: to identify the levels of nurses’ happiness and the awareness of their influence on work, in governmental and private hospitals, in Jeddah, Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Second: to determine the correlation between those perceived variables. Thus, a descriptive, correlative and comparative research design was employed with 300 registered nurses in King Abd El Aziz governmental hospital and 200 registered nurses in private International Medical Center, Jeddah, KSA. A survey method was applied for data collection, and the study questionnaire involved three parts. Part one is about nurses’ personal profile. The second part included happiness subscale, which was developed by Warr et al., in 1979 and the third one is the individual influence on the work scale that was developed by Toode et al., in 2015. The study findings reveal that the majority of both study groups reported a fair level of happiness, with a moderate awareness level of their influence on work. Additionally, nurses who are working in private hospital have a higher awareness level of their influence on work and happiness, more than the nurses who are working in the governmental hospital. Study subjects who experience a high level of happiness have a high level of awareness of their influence on the work. Therefore, the correlation coefficient among both research variables in both hospitals indicated a noteworthy stronger positive correlation. Conclusion and recommendations: nurse’s happiness and awareness of their influence on work are essential emotional aspects to be considered in nursing management. Fitting plan for nurses’ psychological stability at work should be designed and implemented, particularly in governmental hospitals in Jeddah. Also, Nurse Manager should assess and maintain a high nurses’ happiness level and awareness of their influence on the work; consequently, nurses work product will be improved. Further studies are needed to investigate the study variables by different measurement tools for behaviors or skills. A study about an assessment of the relation between the nurse’s emotional status and their performance is suggested.
An Assessment of Strategic Management on Supply Chain Management and Logistics - A Path Analysis
Authors: A. Abou-Moghli Azzam
Published: August 2018

An efficient supply chain management is essential for the survival of organizations in the present competitive business world. Without effectual supply chain management strategies, the performance of organizations deteriorates. To examine different strategies such as customer orientation, innovating strategy and technological innovation in the financial and non-financial performance of pharmaceutical firms. A path analysis study was conducted in which a questionnaire with regard to strategic management on supply chain and logistics was distributed amongst 10 pharmaceutical companies in Jordan. The results have revealed a positive and significant influence of customer-oriented strategies on the financial performance of companies. In contrast, the results show no significant impact of technological innovation on financial and non-financial performance of the pharmaceutical firms. However, there has been a significant correlation found between innovating strategies and the performance of the organizations. The study has asserted companies to focus and attempt more efforts to enhance their supply chain management strategies to upgrade their performance.
The Extemporaneous Compounding at Primary Health Care Centers: Characteristic and Personnel
Authors: Hapsari Indri , Marchaban Marchaban , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Kristina Susi Ari
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE: Extemporaneous compounding is still done for clinical practices in several countries, one of them is in Indonesia. This is due to unavailability or limited formula for pediatric patients or limited budget in the procurement of medicines. This study was aimed at recognizing the compounding personnel’s characteristics and the characteristics of extemporaneous compounding based on prescriptions at primary health care centers.METHOD: This study used cross sectional survey method conducted at 24 Primary Health Care Centers in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Retrospective data collection was conducted on 1200 prescription sheets in the period between April to June 2017.RESULT: Compounding personnel at Primary Health Care Centers in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia consist of 59 personnel consisting of pharmacist (40.68%), pharmaceutical technicians (10.17%), compounding personnel having health educational background (22.03%) and those from non-health educational background (27.12%). Most of the compounding personnel are women (74.58%) while the rest of 25.42% is men. Mostly, compounding personnel working at the Primary Health Care Centers (35.60%) are in their productive age; they are between 20 to 30 years old. Most of their educational background are undergraduates (S1); they are 27 persons (45.76%). Commonly, the prescribers were general practitioners (79.75%), midwives (15.08%), dentists (2%), and nurses (3.17%). Children (97.67%) are the patients who are mostly prescribed at Primary Health Care Centers. The pediatric patients were dominated by 0–5 years-old children (74.33%) while adult patients were only 2.33%. The most common prescription is one extemporaneous compounding per prescription sheet as much as 97.58%. The form of extemporaneous compounding is mostly 96.42% oral; it consisted of 88.36% puyer (crushed tablet) and 8.06% suspension.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, drug compounders in Primary Health Care Centers are mostly pharmacists. The prescribers of extemporaneous compounding in Primary Health Care Centers are mostly general practitioners, some midwives and nurses also prescribe. Patients receiving the prescription are dominated by pediatric patients range between 0–5 years old. It is common to find only one extemporaneous compounding per prescription sheet, with puyer being the most prevalent.
Interrater Scoring of Public Speaking Performances in English Language Teacher Education Program
Authors: Kesen Mutlu Aynur
Published: August 2018

Based on the constructivist learning principles, self-assessment has been a targeted topic for many studies in the field of teacher education. Its importance and its leading to learner empowerment have been discussed for long. This current study in this line tries to move one step further by adding a correlative comparison between instructors’ and students teachers’ grading as well as searching into students’ views on self-assessment in Oral Communication Skills Course at English Language Teaching Department of a private university in Turkey. Interrater consistency was examined throughout the study. This study involves 21 student teachers who assessed their speaking performances five times using a micro-analytic rating scale. In the analysis of data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. Both data sets suggest that there is a high correlation between instructor and student teachers grading. The study has got some implications for curriculum designers, instructors and teacher candidates.
Geomorphic History of the Beaver Creek Drainage Basin as Determined from Topographic Map Evidence: Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota, USA
Authors: Clausen Eric
Published: August 2018

The Beaver Creek drainage basin is located along the North Dakota-Montana border slightly to the south of a recognized continental ice sheet margin and immediately to the east of the deep northeast-oriented Yellowstone River valley with Beaver Creek flowing in a north and northeast direction to join the north-oriented Little Missouri River. The Beaver Creek drainage basin originates on an escarpment-surrounded upland and its erosional history was determined by analyzing detailed topographic maps aided by previously made field observations that showed coarse-grained and distinctive alluvium had been transported in an east direction across the Beaver Creek drainage basin and across what is now the deep Little Missouri River valley to sediments making up southwest North Dakota high points containing both the distinctive alluvium and Oligocene age fossils. Drainage divides surrounding the Beaver Creek drainage basin show numerous divide crossings (or notches) linking northwest-oriented Yellowstone River tributary valleys with east-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys and west- or northwest-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys with southeast- or east-oriented Little Missouri River tributary valleys and suggest the Beaver Creek valley eroded headward across a large-scale flood formed anastomosing channel complex. Buttes located just to the east of the Beaver Creek-Little Missouri River drainage divide suggest the east-oriented water removed as much as 150 meters, or more, of Beaver Creek drainage basin bedrock, and even greater amounts of bedrock from regions to the south of the Beaver Creek drainage basin. Topographic map evidence and routes traveled by the distinctive alluvium suggest a continental ice sheet blocked a large and high-level northeast-oriented river and diverted at least some of the water along the ice sheet margin with the east-oriented floodwaters being captured in a progressive sequence by headward erosion of the Little Missouri River, Beaver Creek, and Yellowstone River valleys (in that order).
An Enhanced Approach for Using Data Visualization for Sentiment Analysis and Auto Summarization Data
Authors: Rababah Osama Mohammad , Alzaghoul Esra F. , Fakhouri Hussam N.
Published: August 2018

With the rapid increase in the size of the data over the internet there is a need for new studies for text data summarization and representation; rather than storing the full text or reading the full text we can store and read a summary that represent the original text. Furthermore, there is a need also to represent the summarized text with visual representation; one picture worth ten thousandwords. In this paper we propose an approach for visual representation of the summarized text;visual resources give creative control over how message is perceived andprovide a faster way to know what where the text about.This approach were implemented and tested on a sample of two datasets one of 50 texts and the other dataset of 80 positive and negative movie comments, the evaluation has been done visually and the percent of success cases has been reported, the precision and recall has been calculated.
An Investigation on Painting and Imagery in Zen
Authors: Panahi Siamak , Cheraghifar Farnaz , Talebian Shima
Published: August 2018

This research considers painting and imagery in Zen as an art and its objective is to introduce the influence of Zen on visual arts. The term “Zen” is derived from Sanskrit and it means “thinking”. In China and India, Zen Buddhism is known as “Liberated Way of Life” and is strongly influenced by Taoism. It is said that Zen began with an allusion, as one day, instead of preaching, Buddha appeared with a flower in his hand when one of his followers received his speechless message. That was when Zen, with its Indian Dhyāna root meaning meditation, was born.The research method here is descriptive and analytical with emphasis on inductive approach (checking samples and providing theory).The resulted process concludes that Zen imagery includes seven principles: asymmetry, purity, stamina, naturalness, deepness, richness and quietism, however; peace or quietism is the concept taken into consideration more than other ones.
Study of Moisture Budget of Meteorological Droughts over Indian Region
Authors: Suneetha P. , M. D. Zedek, , S. Ramalingeswara Rao, , K. Naga Lakshmi, , P. Latha. , Kumar O. S. R. U. Bhanu , Govt V. S. Krishna
Published: August 2018

The study mainly focuses on heat and moisture budget components and its variations during meteorological drought conditions over India for the period 1951-2013. IITM sub-divisional summer monsoon standardized rainfall anomaly is considered to identify the meteorological drought where the standardized summer monsoon rainfall anomaly is less than one. From the analysis, there are thirteen meteorological droughts are identified, and the rainfall decreased on spatial and temporal scales with significant changes in the frequency, duration and total amount of rainfall. Mainly, anticyclonic circulation is observed along 60⁰-70⁰E with weak westerlies at lower levels. At the upper level, the intensity of easterly jet stream is decreased and shifted southward during drought years.Anomalous variations in relative humidity and vertical velocity induce the maximum reduction in the moisture amount (15%) at lower and upper levels leads to weakening of the strength of local Hadley circulation. Next, the heat budget components are decreased over Bay of Bengal and coastal regions with a magnitude of 40 to 200 W/m2 in drought years. It is observed that more moisture is transported to the equatorial region producing below average rainfall over the Indian subcontinent during weak monsoon periods. Hence, this study will help to identify the quantitative and qualitative estimation of drought conditions for long-range prediction of rainfall forecasting.
Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie dringt zorgplicht op aan Internationaal Strafhof: werkneemsters van het Strafhof mogen flexibel werken om borstvoeding te kunnen geven
Authors: Foubert P. , De Cock F.
Published: August 2018

Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie dringt zorgplicht op aan Internationaal Strafhof: werkneemsters van het Strafhof mogen flexibel werken om borstvoeding te kunnen geven

Het Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie buigt zich over geschillen met werknemers van internationale organisaties. Dit Tribunaal komt twee tot drie keer per jaar samen in Genève om deze geschillen te beslechten. Immers, internationale organisaties genieten verregaande immuniteiten en beschikken over een eigen juridisch kader om de arbeidsrelatie met hun werknemers te regelen. Deze werknemers kunnen niet terecht bij een nationale rechter.

Het Tribunaal oordeelde dat wanneer een werkneemster tijdelijk flexibele arbeidsomstandigheden vraagt om haar baby borstvoeding te kunnen geven, de internationale organisatie dit niet zonder meer mag weigeren. Doet de internationale organisatie (het Internationaal Strafhof) dat wel, dan wordt het zorgplichtprincipe geschonden. Volgens dit principe moeten internationale organisaties hun werknemers met de nodige zorg en aandacht behandelen teneinde hen onnodig leed te besparen.
Evaluation of marginal microleakage in composite restorations with different placement techniques
Authors: Misilli Umut , Yılmaz Fikret
Published: August 2018

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different layering techniques (bulk, oblique, centripetal, split horizontal) on the marginal microleakage of Class II adhesive restorations.

Methodology: Forty-eight standardised Class II cavities were prepared on both mesial and distal sides of extracted non-carious human molar teeth. Following preparation, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1: bulk technique; Group 2: oblique incremental technique; Group 3: centripetal incremental technique; Group 4: split horizontal incremental technique. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid composite resin. After thermocycling and immersion in a 0.2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, the restorations were sectioned, and dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The microleakage scores (0 to 4) obtained from the occlusal and gingival margins were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0,05).

Results: Incremental placement techniques showed lower microleakage compared with bulk and lower microleakage was seen at occlusal margin compared with gingival margin. However, there were no statistically significant differences among four placement techniques and the margins (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, none of the four placement techniques were found to be effective in eliminating marginal microleakage entirely in Class II restorations. All of the placement techniques showed similar results when the cavity margins were located on the enamel.
Processos de consistência e contextos na improvisação livre: aproximações preliminares
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Costa Rogério
Published: August 2018

Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos dedicados ao assunto, a expressão “improvisação livre” mantém ainda hoje uma definição muito abrangente e imprecisa. Atualmente há, no Brasil e no mundo, muitas manifestações artísticas que incluem procedimentos que remetem, de forma explícita ou não, à livre improvisação. Um dos desafios que se coloca é, por um lado, a procura de uma definição do que seria comum entre as múltiplas e diversificadas práticas que se localizam no amplo território da improvisação livre ou que dela fazem uso e, por outro, do que seria singular e específico a cada uma destas práticas. É necessário definir se há realmente um território comum que abrange todas estas práticas para, posteriormente segmenta-lo em sub categorias com suas identidades próprias. É necessário também, desvendar os processos de construção de consistência em cada caso. No presente texto pretendo fazer um levantamento preliminar tendo em vista os objetivos acima delineados. Me interessa também discutir em que medida e de que forma estas manifestações interagem com determinadas configurações sociais, culturais e políticas contemporâneas ou, em outras palavras, determinar em que medida a improvisação livre pode ser pensada, tanto como um sintoma, quanto como uma linha de força que contribui de forma específica para a configuração de certos ambientes e contextos socioculturais contemporâneos relacionados às práticas criativas.
Recordando o Passado de Aldo Krieger: arranjo para violão de sete cordas
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pauletti Ricardo Cappra
Published: August 2018

Memorial e partitura do arranjo para violão de sete cordas da valsa Recordando o Passado de Aldo Krieger, estreado durante as atividades da 4ª Semana Aldo Krieger em julho de 2016. O arranjo foi criado utilizando como referência uma gravação e um caderno de partituras com obras do compositor, tendo como objetivo preservar a melodia original e explorar recursos e efeitos idiomáticos do violão.
Regard rétrospectif sur la norme du français québécois oral
Authors: Bigot Davy
Published: August 2018

Depuis les années 1960, la question de la norme linguistique au Québec a été soulevée à de nombreuses reprises. En 1965, l’Office de la langue française soulignait l’importance d’aligner cette norme sur le français standard international. En 1977, l’Association québécoise des professeurs de français proposait que la norme du français québécois soit basée sur le français formel des Québécois. Cependant, aucune de ces deux propositions n’a réellement fait consensus.

Quelques années plus tard, certains affirmaient qu’il existait une norme québécoise qui n’était basée ni sur du français populaire québécois ni sur du français standard de France, mais que cette norme n’était encore décrite nulle part. Depuis, plusieurs études ont fourni des éléments descriptifs du français standard québécois oral.

Dans notre article, nous nous proposons de dresser un portrait exhaustif du français standard oral en usage au Québec. Dans un premier temps, nous reviendrons brièvement sur le débat entourant la question de la norme linguistique québécoise. Par la suite, nous fournirons une description de cette norme du point de vue phonique et du point de vue grammatical. Enfin, nous terminerons par une réflexion sur l’importance didactique de ce standard québécois dans l’enseignement du français au Québec.
Creating functional groups of marine fish from categorical traits
Authors: Ladds Monique A , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Arnold Richard , Dunn Matthew R
Published: August 2018

Background. Functional groups serve two important functions in ecology, they allow for simplification of ecosystem models and can aid in understanding diversity. Despite their important applications, there has not been a universally accepted method of how to define them. A common approach is to cluster species on a set of traits, validated through visual confirmation of resulting groups based primarily on expert opinion. The goal of this research is to determine a suitable procedure for creating and evaluating functional groups that arise from clustering nominal traits.

Methods. To do so we produced a species by trait matrix of 22 traits from 116 fish species from Tasman Bay and Golden Bay, New Zealand. Data collected from photographs and published literature were predominantly nominal, and a small number of continuous traits were discretized. Some data were missing, so the benefit of imputing data was assessed using four approaches on data with known missing values. Hierarchical clustering is utilised to search for underlying data structure in the data that may represent functional groups. Within this clustering paradigm there are a number of distance matrices and linkage methods available, several combinations of which we test. The resulting clusters are evaluated using internal metrics developed specifically for nominal clustering. This revealed the choice of number of clusters, distance matrix and linkage method greatly affected the overall within- and between- cluster variability. We visualise the clustering in two dimensions and the stability of clusters is assessed through bootstrapping.

Results. Missing data imputation showed up to 90% accuracy using polytomous imputation, so was used to impute the real missing data. A division of the species information into three functional groups was the most separated, compact and stable result. Increasing the number of clusters increased the inconsistency of group membership, and selection of the appropriate distance matrix and linkage method improved the fit.

Discussion. We show that the commonly used methodologies used for the creation of functional groups are fraught with subjectivity, ultimately causing significant variation in the composition of resulting groups. Depending on the research goal dictates the appropriate strategy for selecting number of groups, distance matrix and clustering algorithm combination.
Protocol for the validation of four search strategies for retrieval of Clinical Practice Guidelines in MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed
Authors: Lunny Carole A , Salzwedel Doug M , Liu Tracy , Ramasubbu Cynthia , Gerrish Savannah , Puil Lorri , Mintzes Barbara , Wright James M
Published: August 2018

Background Guidelines are systematically developed recommendations to assist practitioner and patient decisions about treatments for clinical conditions. Researchers, healthcare professionals and policy makers need to be able to retrieve clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) efficiently and quickly from the literature. Despite the widespread use of CPGs in practice and policy formulation, no filter for retrieval of guidelines has been validated to date. The use of a validated search filter for CPGs would make their retrieval from major bibliographic databases more efficient. Objectives We aim to fill this gap by validating search filters for use in the systematic retrieval of CPGs and measure their performance according to sensitivity and precision.

Methods We found four search filters for retrieval of CPGs (two CADTH, PubMed and University of Texas filters) which we will validate in three databases (MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed). We will derive a test set of CPGs from a search of the TRIP and Epistemonikos databases. The citations retrieved will be randomly sorted and screened sequentially by two reviewers until at least 100 CPGs are included. We will include CPGs that provide at least two explicit recommendations for the treatment of any clinical condition, and that are produced by a group or organization (i.e., not authored by one person) . We will translate the filters into Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed syntax as appropriate. Then, we will run the strategies and assess whether the filters retrieved the citations in our test set. We will calculate and compare the sensitivity and precision of the four filters in each database. The limitations of the CADTH, PubMed and University of Texas search filters for each database will be assessed by examining the keywords in the titles and abstracts of the citations not found by the search filters.

Discussion Decision makers, healthcare providers and researcher will be able to choose the most precise and sensitive search strategy among the four available, which will enable them to more efficiently identify relevant clinical practice guidelines.
Mapping ISO metadata standards to codemeta
Authors: Habermann Ted
Published: August 2018

The codemeta project recently proposed a vocabulary for software metadata. ISO Technical Committee 211 has published a set of metadata standards for geographic data and many kinds of related resources, including software. In order for ISO metadata creators and users to take advantage of the codemeta recommendations, a mapping from ISO elements to the codemeta vocabulary must exist. This mapping is complicated by differences in the approaches used by ISO and codemeta, primarily a difference between hard and soft typing of metadata elements. These differences are described in detail and a mapping is proposed that includes sixty-four of the sixty-eight codemeta V2 terms. The codemeta terms have also been mapped to dialects used by twenty-one software repositories, registries and archives. The average number of terms mapped in these cases is 11.2. The disparity between these numbers reflects the fact that many of the dialects that have been mapped to codemeta are focused on citation or dependency identification and management while ISO and codemeta share additional targets that include access, use, and understanding. Addressing this broader set of use cases requires more metadata elements.
Convergence between the microcosms of Southeast Asian and North American pitcher plants
Authors: Bittleston Leonora S , Wolock Charles J , Yahya Bakhtiar E , Chan Xin Yue , Chan Kok Gan , Pierce Naomi E , Pringle Anne
Published: August 2018

The ‘pitchers’ of carnivorous pitcher plants are exquisite examples of convergent evolution. An open question is whether the living communities housed in pitchers also converge in structure or function. Using samples from more than 330 field-collected pitchers of eight species of Southeast Asian Nepenthes and six species of North American Sarracenia, we demonstrate that the pitcher microcosms, or miniature ecosystems with complex communities, are strikingly similar. Compared to communities from surrounding habitats, pitcher communities house fewer species. While communities associated with the two genera contain different microbial organisms and arthropods, the species are predominantly from the same phylogenetic clades. Microbiomes from both genera are enriched in degradation pathways and have high abundances of key degradation enzymes. Moreover, in a manipulative field experiment, Nepenthes pitchers placed in a North American bog assembled Sarracenia-like communities. An understanding of the convergent interactions in pitcher microcosms facilitates identification of selective pressures shaping the communities.
Kasugamycin potentiates rifampicin and limits emergence of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by specifically decreasing mycobacterial mistranslation
Authors: Chaudhuri Swarnava , Li Liping , Zimmerman Matthew , Chen Yuemeng , Chen Yu-Xiang , Toosky Melody N , Gardner Michelle , Pan Miaomiao , Li Yang-Yang , Kawaji Qingwen , Zhu Jun-Hao , Su Hong-Wei , Martinot Amanda J , Rubin Eric J , Dartois Veronique Anne , Javid Babak
Published: August 2018

Most bacteria use an indirect pathway to generate aminoacylated glutamine and/or asparagine tRNAs. Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with increased rates of error in gene translation (mistranslation) involving the indirect tRNA-aminoacylation pathway have increased tolerance to the first-line antibiotic rifampicin. Here, we identify that the aminoglycoside kasugamycin can specifically decrease mistranslation due to the indirect tRNA pathway. Kasugamycin but not the aminoglycoside streptomycin, can limit emergence of rifampicin resistance in vitro and increases mycobacterial susceptibility to rifampicin both in vitro and in a murine model of infection. Moreover, despite parenteral administration of kasugamycin being unable to achieve the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration, kasugamycin alone was able to significantly restrict growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. These data suggest that pharmacologically reducing mistranslation may be a novel mechanism for targeting bacterial adaptation.
Arabidopsis RNA processing factor SERRATE regulates the transcription of intronless genes
Authors: Speth Corinna , Szabo Emese Xochitl , Martinho Claudia , Collani Silvio , zur Oven-Krockhaus Sven , Richter Sandra , Droste-Borel Irina , Macek Boris , Stierhof York-Dieter , Schmid Markus , Liu Chang , Laubinger Sascha
Published: August 2018

Intron splicing increases proteome complexity, promotes RNA stability, and enhances transcription. However, introns and the concomitant need for splicing extend the time required for gene expression and can cause an undesirable delay in the activation of genes. Here, we show that the plant microRNA processing factor SERRATE (SE) plays an unexpected and pivotal role in the regulation of intronless genes. Arabidopsis SE associated with more than 1000, mainly intronless, genes in a transcription-dependent manner. Chromatin-bound SE liaised with paused and elongating polymerase II complexes and promoted their association with intronless target genes. Our results indicate that stress-responsive genes contain no or few introns, which negatively affects their expression strength, but that some genes circumvent this limitation via a novel SE-dependent transcriptional activation mechanism. Transcriptome analysis of a Drosophila mutant defective in ARS2, the metazoan homologue of SE, suggests that SE/ARS2 function in regulating intronless genes might be conserved across kingdoms.
The effect of outdoor air pollution on the risk of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in infants: a systematic review
Authors: King Charlotte , Kirkham Jamie , Hawcutt Daniel , Sinha Ian
Published: August 2018

Objective

To systematically review the evidence around the effect of ambient levels of particulate and gaseous pollutants, and the risk of hospitalisation with bronchiolitis for infants under two years of age.

Design

Systematic review of observational epidemiological studies including cohort, time series, case crossover and case control study designs.

Data sources

Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science searched to November 2017 with no language restrictions.

Eligibility criteria

Studies investigating impact of air pollution levels on particulate pollutants (diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10) and gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3)) on hospital admission for bronchiolitis.

Main outcome measure

Risk of hospitalisation from bronchiolitis.

Results

Eight studies were eligible for review. Long term exposure to PM2.5 may be associated with increased risk of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis. SO2may also be associated with hospitalisation, but results for other pollutants are inconsistent between studies. In three of the five studies that showed a positive association between air pollutants and hospitalisation, measured concentrations were below World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels.

Conclusions

Certain particulate and gaseous pollutants may have a clinically relevant effect on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis in children below age two years old. Large cohort or time series studies are needed to examine this possible association.

Protocol

The protocol can be found at PROSPERO (CRD42017080643).