bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femoral B‐cell neurolymphomatosis in a horse with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Bearth Natalie D. , Donati Brice , Beckmann Katrin , Fürst Anton E. , Suarez Jose , Polster Sabrina , Jackson Michelle A.
Published: June 2023

An 18‐year‐old Freiberger gelding was presented with a history of intermittent left hindlimb lameness after an acute onset 2 weeks prior to referral. The lameness had not responded to anti‐inflammatory therapy prescribed by the referring veterinarian. Physical, orthopaedic and neurological examinations revealed signs compatible with ipsilateral femoral nerve dysfunction. Transrectal sonographic examination showed a marked increase in the diameter of the left femoral nerve. The results of electromyography of the left hind quadriceps muscle were compatible with denervation attributable to neuropathy. Evaluation of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) revealed pleocytosis consisting of medium‐sized lymphocytes, 5%–10% of which were positive for CD3 and CD79a. Neoplasia was suspected and steroid therapy was started. However, exacerbation of the clinical signs occurred and the horse was euthanised. Histopathological evaluation showed neurolymphomatosis of the left femoral nerve as the cause of the lameness. Infiltration of tumour cells was also seen to a lesser extent in the right femoral nerve, spinal cord, various parts of the cardiovascular system, renal capsules, an abdominal lymph node and the subcutis of the left stifle and upper lip. Histochemical evaluation revealed 60%–70% of the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD20 and CD79a and up to 40% were positive for CD3. This report describes the uniqueness of a femoral mononeuropathy as the main clinical finding of B‐cell neurolymphomatosis and multicentric lymphoma.
Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics
Authors: Grunst Melissa L. , Grunst Andrea S. , Grémillet David , Fort Jérôme
Published: June 2023

Organisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites of natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine‐disrupting, and behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine with challenges associated with climate change. We used a literature review across animal taxa and contaminant classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms and contaminants important in Arctic ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive effects across five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) energy demand, (3) energy storage, (4) energy allocation tradeoffs, and (5) energy management strategies; and involving four climate change‐sensitive environmental stressors: changes in resource availability, temperature, predation risk, and parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested to be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that antagonistic effects on bioenergetic traits can be equally problematic, since they can reflect dampening of beneficial responses and result in negative synergistic effects on fitness. Our review also highlights that empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially in endotherms. Elucidating the nature of climate change‐by‐contaminant interactive effects on bioenergetic traits will build toward determining overall outcomes for energy balance and fitness. Progressing to determine critical species, life stages, and target areas in which transformative effects arise will aid in forecasting broad‐scale bioenergetic outcomes under global change scenarios.
A phase 3b, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study of roxadustat (ASPEN): Operational learnings within United States dialysis organizations
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Vishnepolsky Mark , Oluwatosin Yemmie , Nolen Jacqueline , Zhu Lixia , Cooper Kerry , Young Amy
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved in several regions for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ASPEN evaluated the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat in patients with anemia of CKD in US dialysis organizations.

Methods

This open‐label, single‐arm study (NCT04484857) comprised a 6‐week screening period, followed by 24 weeks of treatment (with optional extension ≤1 year) and a 4‐week follow‐up. Patients aged ≥18 years, receiving chronic dialysis, with hemoglobin (Hb) 9.0–12.0 g/dL if converting from erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), or <10.0 g/dL if receiving ESAs for <6 weeks, received oral roxadustat three times weekly in‐center. Primary efficacy endpoints included proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL, averaged over weeks 16–24, and mean Hb change from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24. Safety was also assessed.

Findings

Overall, 283 patients were enrolled and treated, 282 (99.6%) were included in the full analysis set, and 216 (76.3%) continued into the extension period. Most patients enrolled were from DaVita sites (71%), with the rest from US Renal Care sites (29%). Mean (standard deviation [SD]) baseline Hb was 10.6 (0.7) g/dL. Nearly all patients were prior ESA users (n = 274; 97.2%). The proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL during weeks 16–24 was 83.7% (95% confidence interval 78.9–88.6). Mean (SD) Hb increase from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24 was 0.2 (1.0) g/dL. During the treatment period, 82 (29.0%) patients reported treatment‐emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs). The most common TESAEs were COVID‐19 pneumonia (n = 10; 3.5%), acute respiratory failure (n = 9; 3.2%), COVID‐19 (n = 7; 2.5%), acute myocardial infarction (n = 7; 2.5%), and fluid overload (n = 6, 2.1%).

Discussion

Roxadustat was effective in maintaining Hb in patients with anemia of CKD on dialysis in large, community‐based dialysis organizations.
Towards a partnership of teachers and intelligent learning technology: A systematic literature review of model‐based learning analytics
Authors: Ley Tobias , Tammets Kairit , Pishtari Gerti , Chejara Pankaj , Kasepalu Reet , Khalil Mohammad , Saar Merike , Tuvi Iiris , Väljataga Terje , Wasson Barbara
Published: June 2023

Background

With increased use of artificial intelligence in the classroom, there is now a need to better understand the complementarity of intelligent learning technology and teachers to produce effective instruction.

Objective

The paper reviews the current research on intelligent learning technology designed to make models of student learning and instruction transparent to teachers, an area we call model‐based learning analytics. We intended to gain an insight into the coupling between the knowledge models that underpin the intelligent system and the knowledge used by teachers in their classroom decision making.

Methods

Using a systematic literature review methodology, we first identified 42 papers, mainly from the domain of intelligent tutoring systems and learning analytics dashboards that conformed to our selection criteria. We then qualitatively analysed the context in which the systems were applied, models they used and benefits reported for teachers and learners.

Results and Conclusions

A majority of papers used either domain or learner models, suggesting that instructional decisions are mostly left to teachers. Compared to previous reviews, our set of papers appeared to have a stronger focus on providing teachers with theory‐driven insights and instructional decisions. This suggests that model‐based learning analytics can address some of the shortcomings of the field, like meaningfulness and actionability of learning analytics tools. However, impact in the classroom still needs further research, as in half of the cases the reported benefits were not backed with evidence. Future research should focus on the dynamic interaction between teachers and technology and how learning analytics has an impact on learning and decision making by teachers and students. We offer a taxonomy of knowledge models that can serve as a starting point for designing such interaction.
Driving predictors in a cohort of cognitively impaired Mexican American and non‐Hispanic White individuals
Authors: Malvitz Madelyn , Zahuranec Darin B. , Chang Wen , Heeringa Steven G. , Briceño Emily M. , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Gonzales Xavier F. , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Garcia Nelda , Morgenstern Lewis B.
Published: June 2023

Background

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias may lose the ability to drive safely as their disease progresses. Little is known about driving prevalence in older Latinx and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. We investigated the prevalence of driving status among individuals with cognitive impairment in a population‐based cohort.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional analysis of the cohort BASIC‐Cognitive study in a community of Mexican American (MA) and NHW individuals in South Texas. Participants scored ≤25 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), indicating a likelihood of cognitive impairment. Current driving status was assessed by the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol informant interview. Logistic regression was used to assess driving versus non‐driving adjusted for pre‐specified covariates. Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare NHW and MA differences in driving outcomes from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) questions for evaluating driving risk in dementia.

Results

There were 635 participants, 77.0 mean age, 62.4% women, and 17.3 mean MoCA. Of these, 360 (61.4%) were current drivers with 250 of 411 (60.8%) MA participants driving, and 121 of 190 (63.70%) NHW participants driving (p = 0.50). In fully adjusted models age, sex, cognitive impairment, language preference, and Activities of Daily Living scores were significant predictors for the likelihood of driving (p < 0.0001). Severity of cognitive impairment was inversely associated with odds of driving, but this relationship was not found in those preferring Spanish language for interviews. Around one‐third of all caregivers had concerns about their care‐recipient driving. There were no significant differences in MA and NHW driving habits and outcomes from the AAN questionnaire.

Conclusions

The majority of participants with cognitive impairment were currently driving. This is a cause for concern for many caregivers. There were no significant ethnic driving differences. Associations with current driving in cognitively impaired persons require further research.
Prediction of obstructive sleep apnoea in children and adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Wijayaratne P. R. , Williams K. , Davey M. J. , Horne R. S. C. , Nixon G. M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Clinical guidelines recommend that all children with DS have polysomnography (PSG) for assessment of OSA by the age of 4 years, but access is limited and testing may be burdensome for children and families.

Methods

The purpose of this prospective cross‐sectional cohort study was to identify a model to predict OSA in this group that could be tested in an external population to triage children and adolescents with DS for PSG. These models were based on a comprehensive set of potential predictive demographic, anthropometric, quality of life and sleep‐related variables.

Results

The results of this study show the predictive power of a model based on the sleep disordered breathing subscale of the Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument and sleep fragmentation quantified using actigraphy in determining moderate–severe OSA in children and adolescents with DS. This model exhibits high sensitivity (82%), specificity (80%), positive predictive value (75%) and negative predictive value (86%).

Conclusions

We demonstrate the utility of a tool containing the sleep disordered breathing subscale of the Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument and sleep fragmentation quantified using actigraphy in identifying children and adolescents with DS who have moderate/severe OSA.
Geographic variation in HCV treatment penetration among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, MD
Authors: Coyle Catelyn R. , Desjardins Michael R. , Curriero Frank C. , Rudolph Jacqueline , Astemborski Jacquie , Falade‐Nwulia Oluwaseun , Kirk Gregory D. , Thomas David L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Genberg Becky L.
Published: June 2023

We evaluated geographic heterogeneity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment penetration among people who inject drug (PWID) across Baltimore, MD since the advent of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) using space–time clusters of HCV viraemia. Using data from a community‐based cohort of PWID, the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study, we identified space–time clusters with higher‐than‐expected rates of HCV viraemia between 2015 and 2019 using scan statistics. We used Poisson regression to identify covariates associated with HCV viraemia and used the regression‐fitted values to detect adjusted space–time clusters of HCV viraemia in Baltimore city. Overall, in the cohort, HCV viraemia fell from 77% in 2015 to 64%, 49%, 39% and 36% from 2016 to 2019. In Baltimore city, the percentage of census tracts where prevalence of HCV viraemia was ≥85% dropped from 57% to 34%, 25%, 22% and 10% from 2015 to 2019. We identified two clusters of higher‐than‐expected HCV viraemia in the unadjusted analysis that lasted from 2015 to 2017 in East and West Baltimore and one adjusted cluster of HCV viraemia in West Baltimore from 2015 to 2016. Neither differences in age, sex, race, HIV status, nor neighbourhood deprivation were able to explain the significant space–time clusters. However, residing in a cluster with higher‐than‐expected viraemia was associated with age, sex, educational attainment and higher levels of neighbourhood deprivation. Nearly 4 years after DAAs became available, HCV treatment has penetrated all PWID communities across Baltimore city. While nearly all census tracts experienced improvements, change was more gradual in areas with higher levels of poverty.
Right atrial thrombus formation in a dog after successful electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Karn Marta , Potter Brianna M. , Scansen Brian A. , Boon June A. , Szatmári Viktor
Published: June 2023

Right atrial masses in dogs are commonly diagnosed as malignant tumors. This report describes a dog with a right atrial mass that appeared after successful electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and resolved with antithrombotic treatment. A 9‐year‐old mastiff was presented for acute vomiting, and occasional cough of several weeks' duration. Ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations of the abdomen and chest identified mechanical ileus, as well as pleural effusion and pulmonary edema, respectively. Echocardiography indicated a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. During anesthetic induction for laparotomy, atrial fibrillation developed. Electrical cardioversion successfully restored sinus rhythm. An echocardiogram performed 2 weeks later disclosed a right atrial mass, which had not been apparent before cardioversion. Repeat echocardiography after 2 months of clopidogrel and enoxaparin treatment failed to detect the mass. Intra‐atrial thrombus formation is possible after successful cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for echocardiographically detected atrial masses.
Do honey badgers and greater honeyguide birds cooperate to access bees' nests? Ecological evidence and honey‐hunter accounts
Authors: van der Wal J. E. M. , Afan A. I. , Anyawire M. , Begg C. M. , Begg K. S. , Dabo G. A. , Gedi I. I. , Harris J. A. , Isack H. A. , Ibrahim J. I. , Jamie G. A. , Kamboe W.‐B. W. , Kilawi A. O. , Kingston A. , Laltaika E. A. , Lloyd‐Jones D. J. , M'manga G. M. , Muhammad N. Z. , Ngcamphalala C. A. , Nhlabatsi S. O. , Oleleteyo T. T. , Sanda M. , Tsamkxao L. , Wood B. M. , Spottiswoode C. N. , Cram D. L.
Published: June 2023

In parts of Africa, greater honeyguides (Indicator indicator) lead people to bees' nests, after which people harvest the honey, and make beeswax and larvae accessible to the honeyguide. In scientific and popular literature, a similar cooperative relationship is frequently described between honeyguides and honey badgers (Mellivora capensis), yet the evidence that this occurs is unclear. Such a partnership may have implications for the origins of our own species' cooperation with honeyguides and for the ecology and conservation of both honey badgers and honeyguides. Here, we review the evidence that honey badgers and honeyguides cooperate to access bees' nests, drawing from the published literature, from our own observations whilst studying both species, and by conducting 394 interviews with honey‐hunters in 11 communities across nine African countries. We find that the scientific evidence relies on incomplete and second‐hand accounts and does not convincingly indicate that the two species cooperate. The majority of honey‐hunters we interviewed were similarly doubtful about the interaction, but many interviewees in the Hadzabe, Maasai, and mixed culture communities in Tanzania reported having seen honey badgers and honeyguides interact, and think that they do cooperate. This complementary approach suggests that the most likely scenario is that the interaction does occur but is highly localized or extremely difficult to observe, or both. With substantial uncertainty remaining, we outline empirical studies that would clarify whether and where honeyguides and honey badgers cooperate, and emphasize the value of integrating scientific and cultural knowledge in ecology.
Ursodeoxycholic acid administration did not reduce susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children
Authors: Liu Teng , Wang Jian‐She
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

A recent study suggested that administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at dosages usually employed clinically may reduce rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A recent surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron infection in China allowed study of whether UDCA administration reduced susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease.

Methods

Through WeChat groups, a questionnaire was distributed to families (n = 300) in which a child had been admitted to our liver service in the past 5 years. Among the families/households in which someone was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, the proportion in which a child taking UDCA was infected was compared with the proportion in which a child not taking UDCA was infected.

Results

Of the 300 questionnaire answers, 280 (93.3%) were valid. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 226 families (80.7%): 146 children were taking UDCA (10‐20 mg/kg/day) and 80 children were not taking UDCA. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 95 children taking UDCA (65.1%) and in 51 children not taking UDCA (63.8%) (p = 0.843); SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was suspected in 23 children taking UDCA (15.8%) and in 11 children not taking UDCA (13.8%) (p = 0.687).

Conclusions

These results indicate that UDCA administration does not reduce susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease.
Correctional health care and Australian prisoners as recipients of kidney transplants: Legal and ethical issues
Authors: Panaccio Danielle , Ierino Francesco , Goodman David
Published: June 2023

Aim

This research aims to examine the legal and ethical issues surrounding Australia prisoners as potential kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

Examination of relevant statutory and common law including human rights law, state and territory corrections legislation and negligence law. Ethical principles considered, particularly in regards to practical and logistical considerations including adequate delivery of transplantation medical care and implications on the broader organ donation program. Approaches in the United States of America and United Kingdom are compared with the Australian approach.

Results

Prisoners are more likely than non‐incarcerated individuals to have chronic medical conditions. For most people with kidney failure, kidney transplantation improves both quality of life and life expectancy compared with dialysis therapy. Prisoners have a right to access reasonable medical care under state‐based corrections legislation, which is underpinned by human rights law and ethical principles, primarily beneficence, transparency and justice. The right of prisoners to receive reasonable medical care likely extends to ensuring prisoners with kidney failure are considered for kidney transplantation and waitlisted if medically appropriate. Social factors and logistical factors can be relevant when considering eligibility for transplantation as they can relate to a person's ability to comply with medical therapy. Additionally, organ allocation decisions can be emotive, and a decision to offer a kidney transplant to a prisoner may generate significant negative publicity.

Conclusion

Prisoners with kidney failure should be considered for kidney transplantation. Logistical barriers, such as guard availability, should be addressed by state departments responsible for prisoner health.
A retrospective analysis of frailty status on atrial fibrillation catheter ablation outcomes
Authors: Dulai Rajdip , Uy Christopher Patrick , Sulke Neil , Patel Nikhil , Veasey Rick A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces symptoms and improves the quality of life compared with medical treatment. It is unclear if frailty impacts on the outcome of catheter ablation in patients with symptomatic AF. We sought to evaluate the association between frailty as measured by the validated NHS electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and outcomes post‐AF ablation.

Methods

Two hundred forty eight patients who had undergone AF ablation with a mean age of 72.9 ± 5.16 were included in the study retrospectively. The primary endpoint for success was defined as freedom from atrial arrhythmia lasting >30 s beyond the 3‐month blanking periods. Frailty was based on the eFI, and the cohort split into four groups: fit (no frailty), mild, moderate and severe frailty.

Results

Frailty was categorized as fit (118/248; 47.6%), mild (66/248; 26.6%), moderate (54/248; 21.8%), and severe (10/248; 4.0%). Freedom from arrhythmia occurred in 167 of 248 (67.3%) patients after a mean follow‐up of 25.8 +/– 17.3 months. Fit patients had significantly greater freedom from arrhythmia (92/118; 78%) compared to mild frailty (40/66; 60.6%, p‐value = .020), moderate frailty (31/54; 57.4%, p‐value = .006), or severe frailty (4/10; 40.0%, p‐value < .001). There was also a significant difference in arrhythmia occurrence between patients with mild frailty and severe frailty (p‐value = .044).

Conclusion

Frailty is associated with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing AF ablation. The eFI may be used in the prognostic evaluation of AF ablation outcomes. Further studies are essential to confirm the findings of this study.
Eye blinking, musical processing, and subjective states—A methods account
Authors: Lange Elke B. , Fink Lauren K.
Published: June 2023

Affective sciences often make use of self‐reports to assess subjective states. Seeking a more implicit measure for states and emotions, our study explored spontaneous eye blinking during music listening. However, blinking is understudied in the context of research on subjective states. Therefore, a second goal was to explore different ways of analyzing blink activity recorded from infra‐red eye trackers, using two additional data sets from earlier studies differing in blinking and viewing instructions. We first replicate the effect of increased blink rates during music listening in comparison with silence and show that the effect is not related to changes in self‐reported valence, arousal, or to specific musical features. Interestingly, but in contrast, felt absorption reduced participants' blinking. The instruction to inhibit blinking did not change results. From a methodological perspective, we make suggestions about how to define blinks from data loss periods recorded by eye trackers and report a data‐driven outlier rejection procedure and its efficiency for subject‐mean analyses, as well as trial‐based analyses. We ran a variety of mixed effects models that differed in how trials without blinking were treated. The main results largely converged across accounts. The broad consistency of results across different experiments, outlier treatments, and statistical models demonstrates the reliability of the reported effects. As recordings of data loss periods come for free when interested in eye movements or pupillometry, we encourage researchers to pay attention to blink activity and contribute to the further understanding of the relation between blinking, subjective states, and cognitive processing.
Sense of power and markers of challenge and threat during extra‐dyadic problem discussions with romantic partners
Authors: Gresham Abriana M. , Peters Brett J. , Tudder Ashley , Simpson Jeffry A.
Published: June 2023

Power, the capacity to influence others while resisting their attempts at influence, has implications for a wide variety of individual‐ and relationship‐level outcomes. One potential mechanism through which power may be associated with various outcomes is motivation orientation. High power has been linked to greater approach‐oriented motivation, whereas low power has been linked to greater avoidance‐oriented motivation. However, current research has mostly relied on artificially created relationships (and the power dynamics therein) in the lab to assess the associations between power and motivation orientations. Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat framework, the current study examined how power is related to physiological responses indicative of psychological challenge (i.e., approach) and threat (i.e., avoidance) during discussions of problems outside of the relationship between romantic partners. The primary hypothesis that higher power would be associated with more approach‐oriented challenge and less avoidance‐oriented threat was supported via self‐reports, but not via physiological assessments. Instead, physiological assessments revealed that for those disclosing problems to high‐power partners, greater power was associated with reactivity consistent with more avoidance‐oriented threat and less approach‐oriented challenge. This is the first research to examine associations between power and in vivo indices of challenge and threat during interactions between romantic partners. It advances our understanding of how power elicits motivation orientations and influences the stress response system by highlighting the importance of situational attributes (e.g., role during a conversation) that may undermine power during disclosures with a high‐power partner.
Concepts and measures of bureaucratic constraints in European Union laws from hand‐coding to machine‐learning
Authors: Franchino Fabio , Migliorati Marta , Pagano Giovanni , Vignoli Valerio
Published: June 2023

Scholars employ two main measures of the executive constraints embedded in European Union laws: one is based on the variation in the use of different types of restrictions, and the second is based on the frequency of such use. They reflect two alternative conceptualizations of bureaucratic control. We label them, respectively, as the “toolbox perspective” and the “design perspective”. We illustrate that the constraint frequency measure poses fewer validity problems in estimating legislators' intent to constrain implementation and tends to produce less severe measurement errors. We then evaluate the performance in estimating constraint variation of a recent computational application and identify potential drawbacks of automated learning from hand‐coded provisions. We lastly introduce a skeletal framework for a machine‐learning approach based on the syntactic structures employed by legislators that could improve the performance of this innovative technique.
A global experience‐sampling method study of well‐being during times of crisis: The CoCo project
Authors: Scharbert Julian , Reiter Thomas , Sakel Sophia , ter Horst Julian , Geukes Katharina , Gosling Samuel D. , Harari Gabriella , Kroencke Lara , Matz Sandra , Schoedel Ramona , Shani Maor , Stachl Clemens , Talaifar Sanaz , Aguilar Natalia M. A. , Amante Dayana , Aquino Sibele D. , Bastias Franco , Biesanz Jeremy C. , Bornamanesh Alireza , Bracegirdle Chloe , Campos Luís A. M. , Ceballos Maria C. , Chauvin Bruno , Choychod Sopa , Coetzee Nicoleen , Costin Vlad , Machado Gustavo d. S. , Dorfman Anna , dos Santos Monika , El‐Haddad Rita W. , Fajkowska Małgorzata , Gnisci Augusto , Hadjisolomou Stavros , Hale William W. , Katzir Maayan , Khechuashvili Lili , Kheirabadi Gholamreza , Kirchner‐Häusler Alexander , Göncü Köse Aslı , Kotzur Patrick Ferdinand , Kritzler Sarah , Lu Jackson G. , Martskvishvili Khatuna , Mottola Francesca , Obschonka Martin , Paolini Stefania , Perugini Marco , Rohmer Odile , Saeedian Yasser , Sarayuthpitak Jintana , Sczesny Sabine , Sergi Ida , Skimina Ewa , Talhelm Thomas , Tangdhanakanond Kamonwan , Tokat Tuluce , Torres Ana R. R. , Torres Claudio V. , Van Assche Jasper , Wolvaardt George G. , Yalçın Aslı , Bühner Markus , van Zalk Maarten , Back Mitja D.
Published: June 2023

We present a global experience‐sampling method (ESM) study aimed at describing, predicting, and understanding individual differences in well‐being during times of crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. This international ESM study is a collaborative effort of over 60 interdisciplinary researchers from around the world in the “Coping with Corona” (CoCo) project. The study comprises trait‐, state‐, and daily‐level data of 7490 participants from over 20 countries (total ESM measurements = 207,263; total daily measurements = 73,295) collected between October 2021 and August 2022. We provide a brief overview of the theoretical background and aims of the study, present the applied methods (including a description of the study design, data collection procedures, data cleaning, and final sample), and discuss exemplary research questions to which these data can be applied. We end by inviting collaborations on the CoCo dataset.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPA1*01:150 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Giustiniani Paola , Duclaut Marion , Visentin Jonathan
Published: June 2023

HLA‐DPA1*01:150 differs from HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:05 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 190 in exon 4.
How team clinical reasoning occurs on ward rounds: Implications for learning
Authors: Choi Justin J. , Contractor Jigar H. , Patel Vimla L. , Shapiro Martin F.
Published: June 2023

Background

Ward rounds offer a rich environment for learning about team clinical reasoning. We aimed to assess how team clinical reasoning occurs on ward rounds to inform efforts to enhance the teaching of clinical reasoning.

Methods

We performed focused ethnography of ward rounds over a 6‐week period, during which we observed five different teams. Each day team comprised one senior physician, one senior resident, one junior resident, two interns and one medical student. Twelve ‘night‐float’ residents who discussed new patients with the day team were also included. Field notes were analysed using content analysis.

Findings

We analysed 41 new patient presentations and discussions on 23 different ward rounds. The median duration of case presentations and discussions was 13.0 minutes (IQR, 10.0–18.0 minutes). More time was devoted to information sharing (median 5.5 minutes; IQR, 4.0–7.0 minutes) than any other activity, followed by discussion of management plans (median 4.0 minutes; IQR, 3.0–7.8 minutes). Nineteen (46%) cases did not include discussion of a differential diagnosis for the chief concern. We identified two themes relevant to learning: (1) linear versus iterative approaches to team‐based diagnosis and (2) the influence of hierarchy on participation in clinical reasoning discussions.

Conclusion

The ward teams we observed spent far less time discussing differential diagnoses compared with information sharing. Junior learners such as medical students and interns contributed less frequently to team clinical reasoning discussions. In order to maximise student learning, strategies to engage junior learners in team clinical reasoning discussions on ward rounds may be needed.
Implementation of a molecular genotyping protocol for patients with warm autoantibodies
Authors: Blake Dorothy , Crews William S. , Wortman Sandy , Burnett‐Greenup Sarah , Walker LeeAnn
Published: June 2023

Background

Warm autoantibodies (WAAs) cause delays and additional expenses while determining suitable products when using a traditional protocol (TP). In 2013, Carter BloodCare Immunohematology Reference Laboratory (IRL) introduced a molecular protocol (MP) for patients with WAAs.

Study Design and Methods

Retrospective review of records for samples referred to the IRL from November 2004 to September 2020, was performed. Referrals, alloantibody(ies), gender, and age were recorded. Additionally, the count of common clinically significant antigens needed for phenotypically matched red blood cells (RBCs) were recorded for patients in MP. To further analyze charges and time spent testing patients with WAAs, 300 patients were selected.

Results

Analysis of average charges to the referring hospital and time spent testing in the IRL determined savings at two or more referrals. Overall, 219 of 300 (73%) of patients in the study met or exceeded the number of referrals. Further analysis shows that while the population of patients with WAA (n = 300) shared similar demographics, there was a statistically significant difference between the average time testing patients in TP (M = 264.18, SD = 15.06) and MP (M = 156.00, SD = 90.37), t(157) = 14.46, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] (93.41–122.97). Additionally, the assumption that each patient received two RBCs per referral provided no statistically significant difference between average charges to the hospitals of patients in TP (M = 1222.58, SD = 165.69) and MP (M = 1269.78, SD = 433.52), t(192) = −1.25, p = .214, 95% CI (−121.95–27.54).

Conclusion

The MP has been effective in saving time spent testing patients with WAAs, which benefits referring hospitals, patients, and IRLs. Charges for prophylactic phenotypically matched blood were negligible and a MP would alleviate some of the current laboratory difficulties while providing safe products to patients.
Ring isomorphisms of type II∞$_\infty$ locally measurable operator algebras
Authors: Mori Michiya
Published: June 2023

We show that every ring isomorphism between the algebras of locally measurable operators for type II von Neumann algebras is similar to a real ‐isomorphism. This together with previous results by the author and Ayupov–Kudaybergenov completely describes ring isomorphisms between the algebras of locally measurable operators as well as lattice isomorphisms between the projection lattices for a general pair of von Neumann algebras without finite type I direct summands.
A Computational Pipeline for Patient-Specific Prediction of the Postoperative Mitral Valve Functional State
Authors: Liu Hao , Simonian Natalie T. , Pouch Alison M. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Sacks Michael S.
Published: June 2023

While mitral valve (MV) repair remains the preferred clinical option for mitral regurgitation (MR) treatment, long-term outcomes remain suboptimal and difficult to predict. Furthermore, pre-operative optimization is complicated by the heterogeneity of MR presentations and the multiplicity of potential repair configurations. In the present work, we established a patient-specific MV computational pipeline based strictly on standard-of-care pre-operative imaging data to quantitatively predict the post-repair MV functional state. First, we established human mitral valve chordae tendinae (MVCT) geometric characteristics obtained from five CT-imaged excised human hearts. From these data, we developed a finite-element model of the full patient-specific MV apparatus that included MVCT papillary muscle origins obtained from both the in vitro study and the pre-operative three-dimensional echocardiography images. To functionally tune the patient-specific MV mechanical behavior, we simulated pre-operative MV closure and iteratively updated the leaflet and MVCT prestrains to minimize the mismatch between the simulated and target end-systolic geometries. Using the resultant fully calibrated MV model, we simulated undersized ring annuloplasty (URA) by defining the annular geometry directly from the ring geometry. In three human cases, the postoperative geometries were predicted to 1 mm of the target, and the MV leaflet strain fields demonstrated close agreement with noninvasive strain estimation technique targets. Interestingly, our model predicted increased posterior leaflet tethering after URA in two recurrent patients, which is the likely driver of long-term MV repair failure. In summary, the present pipeline was able to predict postoperative outcomes from pre-operative clinical data alone. This approach can thus lay the foundation for optimal tailored surgical planning for more durable repair, as well as development of mitral valve digital twins.
Theoretical Analysis for Condensation Heat Transfer Performance Inside Converging-Shaped Microchannel Under Varying-Gravity Conditions
Authors: Bai Chao , Qiu Yan , Wei Min
Published: June 2023

The fast increasing heat-dissipation requirements under different working conditions such as varying gravity for aerospace industry is drawing more and more attention. Condensation inside microchannel is proved to be a promising technique to tackle this task. To comprehensively and accurately describe the physical phenomenon, a theoretical method considering both momentum exchange caused by vapor condensation and interface temperature drop is developed in this study. Reliability of our theoretical method is verified with both the Comprehensive Shah Correlation and established data. Condensation heat transfer inside converging-shaped microchannel is investigated and the influences of channel size, refrigerant mass flowrate, gravity variation, and converging angle are considered. Converging-shaped microchannel significantly enhances condensation heat transfer, especially for smaller channel with larger refrigerant mass flowrate. Influence of gravity change on condensation performances of vertically configured microchannels both with converging shape and constant cross-sectional area is small.
Size distribution of clusters and nucleation preference of trimers during SiC (0001) surface epitaxial growth under low coverage
Authors: Ai Wensen , Chen Xuejiang
Published: June 2023

In order to better understand the microscopic nucleation behavior during the epitaxial growth of a SiC crystal, a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed, in which Si and C particles are set as the basic elements. The events list is built up to implement group search and binary search, which can improve the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, the Hoshen–Kopelman algorithm is also used to calculate the statistics of the properties of clusters. Then, the cluster size distribution function and the nucleation preference of trimers are analyzed. The results show that the cluster size distribution function obeys the Gauss distribution, and the proportion of crystal nuclei close to the average size gradually increases. Moreover, the growth temperature mainly affects the trapping rate of adatoms by dimers, and the C/Si ratio affects the formation of different types of dimers and the concentration of adatoms.
Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian
Cardiodictyon
resolves the origin of euarthropod brains”
Authors: Budd Graham E. , Mayer Georg , Janssen Ralf , Eriksson B. Joakim
Published: June 2023

Strausfeld
et al
. (Report, 24 Nov 2022, p. 905) claim that Cambrian fossilized nervous tissue supports the interpretation that the ancestral panarthropod brain was tripartite and unsegmented. We argue that this conclusion is unsupported, and developmental data from living onychophorans contradict it.
Galactic neutrinos in the Milky Way
Authors: Fusco Luigi Antonio
Published: June 2023

A source of neutrinos may lie within the midplane of the Galaxy
In Science Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Jiang Di , Smith Keith T. , Osborne Ian S. , Szuromi Phil , Ghose Ranajeet , Norton Melissa , Hurtley Stella M. , Simonti Corinne , Ray L. Bryan , Olingy Claire , Foley John F.
Published: June 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Long-sought gravitational wave hum finally detected
Authors: Mann Adam
Published: June 2023

Subtle shifts in stellar signals reveal pervasive waves from mergers of giant black holes
Scientists, U.S. counter claims of pandemic patient zero at lab
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: June 2023

Intelligence report offers little new on SARS-CoV-2’s origin
WHO’s new chief scientist wants to look to ‘tomorrow’
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: June 2023

Jeremy Farrar says more must be done about COVID-19, but agency should aim to anticipate its next major challenges
U.S. military contract could boost status of Black university
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

Defense research institute aims to turn Howard into a top research university
Multichannel Microfluidic Platform for Temporal-Spatial Investigation of Niche Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli within a Dual-Species Biofilm
Authors: Cheah Hee , Bae Sungwoo
Published: June 2023

In natural or man-made environments, microorganisms exist predominantly as biofilms forming surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). Often, biofilm reactors used for endpoint and disruptive analyses of biofilm are not suitable for periodic observation of biofilm formation and development.
A Safe and Efficient Double-Gene-Deleted Live Attenuated Immersion Vaccine to Prevent the Disease Caused by the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
Authors: Zeng Ruoyun , Pan Weiqiang , Lin Yifan , Liang Mincong , Fu Jiajie , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Guo Changjun
Published: June 2023

Global aquaculture production reached a record of 122.6 million tons in 2020, with a total value of 281.5 billion U.S. dollars (USD). However, approximately 10% of farmed aquatic animal production is lost due to various infectious diseases, resulting in more than 10 billion USD of economic waste every year.
Berbamine promotes macrophage autophagy to clear
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by regulating the ROS/Ca
2+
axis
Authors: Zhang Su , Zhou Xuefeng , Ou Min , Fu Xiangdong , Lin Qiao , Tao Xiaoyu , Wang Zhaoqin , Liu Aimei , Li Guobao , Xu Yuzhong , Zhang Guoliang
Published: June 2023

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a major threat to global TB control; consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-TB drugs or strategies. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is emerging as an effective treatment strategy, especially for drug-resistant TB. This study evaluated the effects of berbamine (BBM), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, on mycobacterial growth in macrophages. BBM inhibited intracellular
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) growth by promoting autophagy and silencing ATG5, partially abolishing the inhibitory effect. In addition, BBM increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the antioxidant
N
-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abolished BBM-induced autophagy and the ability to inhibit Mtb survival. Furthermore, the increased intracellular Ca
2+
concentration induced by BBM was regulated by ROS, and BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca
2+
-chelating agent, could block ROS-mediated autophagy and Mtb clearance. Finally, BBM could inhibit the survival of drug-resistant Mtb. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that BBM, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug, could effectively clear drug-sensitive and -resistant Mtb through regulating ROS/Ca
2+
axis-mediated autophagy and has potential as an HDT candidate for TB therapy.

IMPORTANCE

It is urgent to develop novel treatment strategies against drug-resistant TB, and HDT provides a promising approach to fight drug-resistant TB by repurposing old drugs. Our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that BBM, an FDA-approved drug, not only potently inhibits intracellular drug-sensitive Mtb growth but also restricts drug-resistant Mtb by promoting macrophage autophagy. Mechanistically, BBM activates macrophage autophagy by regulating the ROS/Ca
2+
axis. In conclusion, BBM could be considered as an HDT candidate and may contribute to improving the outcomes or shortening the treatment course of drug-resistant TB.
Restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication by receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4)
Authors: Kaur Ramanjit , Tada Takuya , Landau Nathaniel Roy
Published: June 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is subject to restriction by several interferon-inducible host proteins. To identify novel factors that limit replication of the virus, we tested a panel of genes that we found were induced by interferon treatment of primary human monocytes by RNA sequencing. Further analysis showed that one of the several candidates genes tested, receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4), that had previously been shown to restrict flavivirus replication, prevented the replication of the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Human RTP4 blocked the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in susceptible ACE2.CHME3 cells and was active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. The protein prevented the synthesis of viral RNA, resulting in the absence of detectable viral protein synthesis. RTP4 bound the viral genomic RNA and the binding was dependent on the conserved zinc fingers in the amino-terminal domain. Expression of the protein was strongly induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice although the mouse homolog was inactive against the virus, suggesting that the protein is active against another virus that remains to be identified.

IMPORTANCE

The rapid spread of a pathogen of human coronavirus (HCoV) family member, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), around the world has led to a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic spread highlights the need for rapid identification of new broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs and screening of antiviral host factors capable of inhibiting coronavirus infection. In the present work, we identify and characterize receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4) as a host restriction factor that restricts coronavirus infection. We examined the antiviral role of hRTP4 toward the coronavirus family members including HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. Molecular and biochemical analysis showed that hRTP4 binds to the viral RNA and targets the replication phase of viral infection and is associated with reduction of nucleocapsid protein. Significant higher levels of ISGs were observed in SARS-CoV-2 mouse model, suggesting the role of RTP4 in innate immune regulation in coronavirus infection. The identification of RTP4 reveals a potential target for therapy against coronavirus infection.