bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Novel Quinoline Alkaloids From Tetradium glabrifolium and Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Luo Li‐li , Chen Jun‐lei , Du Cai‐xia , Huang Lie‐jun , Yuan Chun‐mao , Yang Jue , Hu Zhan‐Xing , Hao Xiao‐jiang , Gu Wei
Published: January 2025

Three novel quinoline alkaloids, tetradiunitiside A (1), tetradiunitiside B (2), and glycohaplopine‐6‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside (3), along with eight known ones (4–11), were isolated from the fruits of Tetradium glabrifolium. Their structures were inferred by IR, 1D NMR and 2D NMR, and HR–ESI–MS spectra. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities. Compounds 1–11 had potential antibacterial activities against Bacillus gasoformans, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 100 to 3.125 µg/mL. Among them, compound 6 showed the most significant antibacterial activity against four strains of bacteria. These findings elucidated the pharmacological substance basis for the antibacterial activity of T. glabrifolium to some extent.
Construction of Double‐layered DNA Tiles and Arrays from Double Crossover Motifs
Authors: Wang Ruoran , Wang Yu , Lu Biao , Zhang Wei , Xia Bing , Xiao Shou‐Jun
Published: January 2025

DNA double crossover (DX) motifs including DAE (double crossover, antiparallel, even spacing) and DAO (double crossover, antiparallel, odd spacing) are well‐known monolayered DNA building blocks for construction of 2D DNA arrays and tubes in nanoscale and microscale. Compared to the 3D architectures of DNA origami and single‐stranded DNA bricks to build nanoscale 3D bundles, tessellations, gears, castles, etc., designs of double‐ and multi‐layers of DX motifs for 3D architectures are still limited. Herein, we report two types of double‐layered tiles derived from DAE motifs with single‐stranded circular 42‐ and 64‐nt oligonucleotides as scaffold strands. Further tiling of the tiles generated planar 3D crystalline domains and curved tubes, correspondingly. Finally, we applied the chiral index theory to derive the unit tube parameters of six E‐tiling (inter‐tile distance of even spacing) tubes and analyzed the causation of difference between these tubes.
Double Outlet Right Ventricle: A Rare Finding in a 15‐Month‐Old Female With Failure to Thrive
Authors: Pedun Bernadette , Pitua Ivaan , Bongomin Felix , Bugeza Samuel , Luzinda Rita Nassanga
Published: January 2025

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare congenital heart defect where both the aorta and pulmonary artery originate from the right ventricle, often accompanied by additional cardiac anomalies to mitigate circulatory imbalance, though such compensations usually fail. We report a 15‐month‐old infant with recurrent respiratory infections and poor weight gain, referred for computed tomography angiography. Physical examination showed a small, non‐syndromic infant with pallor, tachypnea, irritability, and finger clubbing. Initial imaging revealed cardiomegaly and lung infiltrates; echocardiography and computed tomography angiography confirmed additional intracardiac defects of double superior vena cavae, a hypoplastic aortic arch, hypertrophic right ventricular wall, and a patent ductus arteriosus. Corrective surgery was delayed due to respiratory complications. This case emphasizes the critical need to consider cardiac pathology in pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory symptoms, as untreated DORV can lead to high mortality.
Unsafe Care and Fake News in Freeman–Burian Syndrome
Authors: Poling Mikaela I. , Dufresne Craig R.
Published: January 2025

Freeman‐Burian syndrome is a rare craniofacial syndrome surrounded by fake news. This situation shows the strong connection between the quality of a literature search and clinical reasoning displayed in patient care, especially in care of patients with rare conditions.
Construction of Co3O4/Pt Catalyst with Interfacial N‐Stabilized Co3+‐OH‐Pt Pair for Highly Efficient CO2 Methanation
Authors: Li Jingru , Hu Siyuan , Shang Longmei , Zhan Guowu
Published: January 2025

CO2 hydrogenation is a promising method for converting CO2 into valuable products. Cobalt‐based catalysts are favored for their low cost and high activity, but they face challenges from sintering‐induced deactivation. This study investigates N‐doped Co3O4/Pt catalysts synthesized using a Pt‐decorated ZIF‐67 sacrificial template, followed by a water‐soaking treatment to enhance surface hydroxyl (─OH) group content. The as‐designed N‐Co3O4/Pt catalyst achieved a CO2 conversion of 64% and CH4 selectivity of 98% at 340 °C under ambient pressure. It was demonstrated that the interfacial N‐stabilized Co3+‐OH‐Pt active sites in N‐Co3O4/Pt improved synergy between cobalt and platinum, enhancing agglomeration resistance and enhancing catalytic performance. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) demonstrated that CO2 is converted to methane mainly through a formic acid pathway, with no CO detected. This work underscores the critical role of surface hydroxyl groups in promoting CO2 adsorption and activation, guiding the CO2 methanation reaction toward efficient methane production.
Three‐Dimensional Fluid Flow Over an Elastic Sheet Stretched Nonlinearly in Two Lateral Directions
Authors: Manoharkumar K. N. , Patil Shalini M. , P.A. Dinesh
Published: January 2025

Present research work explores the three‐dimensional nanofluid flow across a horizontal surface with bi‐directional deviation of velocity in power‐law index n. Porosity, the ohmic effect with other parameters, thermophoresis, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and Brownian motion in the flow geometry are taken into consideration. Dimensional nonlinear formulations are changed into dimensionless expressions by employing the appropriate similarity transformation. Utilizing shooting procedure and the fourth‐fifth‐order Runge–Kutta integration approach, the numerical result has been achieved, and velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented through graphs to illustrate the findings. The current outcome has numerous industrial applications, including the production of paper, metal extrusion, and optical fiber. The major findings of the present research are good agreement compared to the data that are accessible in the limiting instance compared with the earlier results.
Modulating structural oxygen/crystallinity enables ambient cascade photo‐upgrading of biomass saccharides to lactic acid
Authors: Huang Jinshu , Ding Yan , Li Jie , Hu Zhao , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Wang Junqi , Su Yaqiong , Yang Song , Li Hu
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic transformation of biomass into biofuels and value‐added chemicals is of great significance for carbon neutrality. Metal‐free carbon nitride has extensive applications but with almost no absorption and utilization of near‐infrared light, accounting for 50% of sunlight. Here, a molten salt‐assisted in‐plane “stitching” and interlayer “cutting” protocol is developed for constructing a highly crystalline carbon nitride catalyst containing structural oxygen (HC‐CN). HC‐CN is highly efficient for the photothermal cascade transformation of biomass‐derived glucose into lactic acid (LA) with an unprecedented yield (94.3%) at 25°C under full‐spectrum light irradiation within 50 min, which is also applicable to quantitatively photo‐upgrading various saccharides. Theoretical calculations expound that the light‐induced glucose‐to‐catalyst charge transfer can activate the Cβ–H bond to promote the rate‐determining step of intramolecular hydrogen shift in glucose‐to‐fructose isomerization. Meanwhile, the introduced structural oxygen in HC‐CN can not only facilitate the local electric field formation to achieve rapid charge transport/separation and regulate selective •O2− generation for oriented C3–C4 bond cleavage of fructose but also narrow the energy band gap to broaden the light absorption range of HC‐CN, contributing to enhanced LA production without exogenous heating. Moreover, HC‐CN is highly recyclable and exhibits negligible environmental burden and low energy consumption, as disclosed by the life cycle assessment. Tailored construction of full‐spectrum light adsorption and versatile reaction sites provides a reference for implementing multi‐step biomass and organic conversion processes under mild conditions.
One Step Synthesis of 4,6,8‐Trimethoxyazulenes ‐ as Building Block for 2‐Functionalized Azulenes
Authors: Wunsch Jonas F. , Sommer Hendrick M. , Kohl Senta J. , Maier Rouven , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: January 2025

Here we present a simple gold‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction of easily available diarylbutadiynes, with trimethoxybenzene as solvent and reactant to synthesize 4,6,8‐trimethoxyazulenes. The methoxy substituents, which render the azulene very electron‐rich, enable a change of azulenes typical regioselectivity for electrophilic substitutions, which enables facile electrophilic 2‐substitution with iodine, bromine, chlorine, selenium or sulfur. Especially the 2‐haloazulenes which can usually only be obtained through lengthy multistep syntheses are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of 2‐substituted azulene derivatives.
Under‐strain Synergistic Oscillatory Twisting Manipulates the Bifunction in Rubrene Crystal
Authors: Xue Lijuan , Song Xinyu , Fan Wenjing , Gao Jifan , Bu Yuxiang
Published: January 2025

Photophysical properties of condensed systems generally originate from collective contributions of all components in their stochastically fluctuated structures and are strongly influenced under strain of chromophores. To precisely identify how the stochastically fluctuated monomers synergistically manipulate the properties, we propose a statistic strategy over sufficient ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) samplings and for the first time uncover that synergistic oscillatory twisting (SOT) of neighboring under‐strain monomers manipulates the bifunction of rubrene crystal. The under‐strain trunk SOT can regulate both singlet fission (SF) and triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA), enabling their coexistence and dominance switching by dynamically modulating the matching of excitation energies. A general rule is that small amplitude of SOT maintains the crystal TTA, while the large one boosts SF and the SF function occurs only when two neighboring monomers simultaneously have the twisting angles larger than the critical one. Temperature can govern the twisting amplitudes, thus manipulating the bifunction. These findings rationalize the experimentally observed temperature‐modulated bifunction of rubrene crystal from statistical insights and proposes a combined strain‐fluctuation strategy for engineering the bifunctionality of materials.
Piezochromic Luminescence of Pyrene Derivatives Polymorphism Around Excimer Forming Process
Authors: Gu Jingjing , Yang Daojie , Jia Wenpeng , Li Qian , Liu Wengang , He Ben‐guo , Liu Yongli , Wang Kai , Wang Yixuan , Liu Haichao , Dai Yuxiang
Published: January 2025

Pyrene aggregates, as classic luminescent materials, are of great interest from a scientific viewpoint owing to the development of optoelectronic materials. In this study, we designed a compound 1,4,5‐triphenyl‐2‐(pyren‐1‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazole (IM‐PY) which was achieved with two crystalline polymorphs (IMPY‐G and IMPY‐B). They exhibit the green emission and the blue emission, respectively, both with pyrene serving as the luminescent core. At ambient conditions, both phases exhibit π–π pyrene dimer stacking, but IMPY‐B has the obviously smaller overlapping area and slightly shorter distance of pyrene planes than IMPY‐G. During compression, the experiment results of photoluminescence, in situ UV‐vis absorption, time‐resolved emission, and synchrotron angular dispersive X‐ray diffraction, combined with theoretical calculations indicate that IMPY‐B shows a more pronounced red‐shifted photoluminescence spectra and forms excimers at higher pressure than IMPY‐G. This fully reflects the influence of different stacking structures on the piezochromic phenomenon of aggregates, which is beneficial for expanding the application of pyrene aggregated state.
Unpacking the nexus between innovation ecosystem‐oriented coopetition capability, organizational learning, and service innovations: A mediation‐moderation model
Authors: Tsou Hung‐Tai , Liu Feng‐Hsu
Published: January 2025

More knowledge about the relationships among innovation ecosystem‐oriented coopetition capability (IEOCC), organizational learning, and service innovations is necessary. Using contingency theory as its theoretical basis, this study examines the impact of IEOCC on organizational learning and its subsequent effects on RSI and ISI. A survey of 177 information technology (IT) manufacturers in Taiwan, with senior managers as respondents for data collection, strongly supports the model. This study adopts structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data via SmartPLS. Our results indicate that organizational learning mediates the IEOCC and service innovations relationships and that IEOCC moderates the organizational learning and service innovations relationships. We provide a rich context for studying business innovation ecosystems, service innovations, organizational learning, and coopetition capabilities.
Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis for Non‐invasive Model‐Based Instantaneous Wave‐Free Ratio Prediction
Authors: Dalmaso Caterina , Fossan Fredrik Eikeland , Bråten Anders Tjellaug , Müller Lucas Omar
Published: January 2025

The main objectives of this work are to validate a 1D‐0D unsteady solver with a distributed stenosis model for the patient‐specific estimation of resting haemodynamic indices and to assess the sensitivity of instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) predictions to uncertainties in input parameters. We considered 52 patients with stable coronary artery disease, for which 81 invasive iFR measurements were available. We validated the performance of our solver compared to 3D steady‐state and transient results and invasive measurements. Next, we used a polynomial chaos approach to characterise the uncertainty in iFR predictions based on the inputs associated with boundary conditions (coronary flow, compliance and aortic/left ventricular pressures) and vascular geometry (radius). Agreement between iFR and the ratio between cardiac cycle averaged distal and aortic pressure waveforms (resting ) obtained through 1D‐0D and 3D models was satisfactory, with a bias of 0.0–0.005 (±0.016–0.026). The sensitivity analysis showed that iFR estimation is mostly affected by uncertainties in vascular geometry and coronary flow (steady‐state parameters). In particular, our 1D‐0D method overestimates invasive iFR measurements, with a bias of −0.036 (±0.101), indicating that better flow estimates could significantly improve our modelling pipeline. Conversely, we showed that standard pressure waveforms could be used for simulations, since the impact of uncertainties related to inlet‐pressure waveforms on iFR prediction is negligible. Furthermore, while compliance is the most relevant transient parameter, its effect on iFR estimates is negligible compared to that of vascular geometry and flow. Finally, we observed a strong correlation between iFR and resting , suggesting that steady‐state simulations could replace unsteady simulations for iFR prediction.
Board Capital and CEO Power Configurations to Promote ESG Performance: The Case of the European Banking Industry
Authors: Remo‐Diez Nieves , Mendaña‐Cuervo Cristina , Arenas‐Parra Mar
Published: January 2025

Board capital and CEOs are powerful actors in improving companies' ability to implement effective sustainability strategies, balance stakeholder interests, and align corporate governance with sustainable objectives. This ultimately leads to higher environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores. This study explores the combined effect of board capital (specific skills, tenure, gender diversity, and affiliations) and CEO power (formal and informal) in achieving high ESG performance by linking resource dependence theory to complexity theory. Using a qualitative fuzzy‐set comparative analysis and data on European banks from 2018 to 2020, we find that regardless of the CEO's formal power, banks need an informally powerful CEO or board members with important advisory capabilities for managers in their decision‐making activities. In contrast, a powerful CEO, both formal and informal, reduces the effect of board capital in terms of ESG disclosures. The argument that “one size” does not fit all is confirmed. It offers valuable insights into strategic decision‐makers and banking supervisory authorities when setting and monitoring guidelines for board composition.
Integrating multi‐omics features enables non‐invasive early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Weilong , Ye Bangquan , Song Yang , Yang Ping , Si Wenzhe , Jing Hairong , Yang Fan , Yuan Dan , Wu Zhihong , Lyu Jiahao , Peng Kang , Zhang Xu , Wang Lingli , Li Yan , Liu Yan , Wu Chaoling , Hao Xiaoyu , Zhang Yuqi , Qi Wenxin , Wang Jing , Dong Fei , Zhao Zijian , Jing Hongmei , Li Yanzhao
Published: January 2025

Background

Multi‐omics features of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) can effectively improve the performance of non‐invasive early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, multimodal characterization of cfDNA remains technically challenging.

Methods

We developed a comprehensive multi‐omics solution (COMOS) to specifically obtain an extensive fragmentomics landscape, presented by breakpoint characteristics of nucleosomes, CpG islands, DNase clusters and enhancers, besides typical methylation, copy number alteration of cfDNA. The COMOS was tested on 214 plasma samples of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and matched healthy controls.

Results

For early diagnosis, COMOS improved the area under the curve (AUC) value to .993 compared with the individual omics model, with a sensitivity of 95% at 98% specificity. Detection sensitivity achieved 91% at 99% specificity in early‐stage patients, while the AUC values of the individual omics model were 0.942, 0.968, 0.989, 0.935, 0.921, 0.781 and 0.917, respectively, with lower sensitivity and specificity. In the treatment response cohort, COMOS yielded a superior sensitivity of 88% at 86% specificity (AUC, 0.903). COMOS has achieved excellent performance in early diagnosis and treatment response prediction.

Conclusions

Our study provides an effectively improved approach with high accuracy for the diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL, showing great potential for future clinical application.

Key points

A comprehensive multi‐omics solution to specifically obtain an extensive fragmentomics landscape, presented by breakpoint characteristics of nucleosomes, CpG islands, DNase clusters and enhancers, besides typical methylation, copy number alteration of cfDNA.

Integrated model of cfDNA multi‐omics could be used for non‐invasive early diagnosis of DLBCL.

Integrated model of cfDNA multi‐omics could effectively evaluate the efficacy of R‐CHOP before DLBCL treatment.
Performance Enhancement of Unconventional Slotted Waveguide Antenna Arrays at Ku Band
Authors: Keerthi Nayani A. S. , Manmadha Rao G.
Published: January 2025

Slotted waveguide antenna (SWA) arrays are highly valued for their compact structure, high power handling capability, directivity, and efficiency, making them ideal for advanced radar and communication systems. In broad‐wall SWAs, side lobe levels (SLLs) are influenced by slot displacement from the waveguide centerline and slot inclination angles, impacting array performance. This paper introduces a novel design approach for meandered SWA arrays optimized as frequency scanning antennas (FSAs), achieving enhanced gain, scanning coverage, and SLL suppression. The design incorporates an innovative meandering feeding mechanism, significantly improving frequency scanning performance over the Ku band (15.1–16.5 GHz). The array includes 16 radiating slot elements paired with an E‐plane horn antenna in elevation plane, narrowing beam width, and optimizing radiation control. Using the discrete Taylor distribution to meet SLL requirements, this approach effectively balances low SLL with high gain. Simulations conducted in CST Microwave Studio confirm the array's performance, showing 70° scanning coverage, over 21 dBi gain, and an SLL reduced to −21 dB. Both simulated and measured results designate that the proposed meandered SWA array architecture is appropriate for next‐generation frequency scanning systems, offering a compact, power‐efficient, and high‐precision solution for demanding applications.
Coloration in a Praying Mantis: Color Change, Sexual Color Dimorphism, and Possible Camouflage Strategies
Authors: Rosenheim Leah Y. , Rosenheim Jay A. , Maxwell Michael R.
Published: January 2025

Background matching, an important form of camouflage, can be challenging for animals that range across heterogeneously colored habitats. To remain cryptic in such habitats, animals may employ color change, background choice, or generalist coloration, and the efficacy of these strategies may be influenced by an animal's mobility. We examined camouflage strategies in the praying mantis Stagmomantis limbata. We reared mantids in green or brown containers to test whether mantids change color over development to match their background. Additionally, we tested whether adult mantids (i) employ behavioral background choice, (ii) exhibit sexual color dimorphism, and (iii) differ in mobility in the field. Mantids changed color during development in response to their background, but the effect was small and variable. Adult mantids did not show background choice. In the field, adult males moved greater distances than females. Adults exhibited sexual color dimorphism: Males were heterogeneous in coloration (green body with brown pronotum), while females were more homogeneous in color, ranging continuously from green to brown. We suggest a hypothesis that differences in mobility between the sexes have led to the sexual color dimorphism observed and that this dimorphism reflects different camouflage strategies, with highly mobile males showing a generalist coloration and more sedentary females showing a specialist coloration.
De Novo Genome Assembly for an Endangered Lemur Using Portable Nanopore Sequencing in Rural Madagascar
Authors: Hauff Lindsey , Rasoanaivo Noa Elosmie , Razafindrakoto Andriamahery , Ravelonjanahary Hajanirina , Wright Patricia C. , Rakotoarivony Rindra , Bergey Christina M.
Published: January 2025

As one of the most threatened mammalian taxa, lemurs of Madagascar are facing unprecedented anthropogenic pressures. To address conservation imperatives such as this, researchers have increasingly relied on conservation genomics to identify populations of particular concern. However, many of these genomic approaches necessitate high‐quality genomes. While the advent of next‐generation sequencing technologies and the resulting reduction in associated costs have led to the proliferation of genomic data and high‐quality reference genomes, global discrepancies in genomic sequencing capabilities often result in biological samples from biodiverse host countries being exported to facilities in the Global North, creating inequalities in access and training within genomic research. Here, we present the first published reference genome for the endangered red‐fronted brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons) from sequencing efforts conducted entirely within the host country using portable Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Using an archived E. rufifrons specimen, we conducted long‐read, nanopore sequencing at the Centre ValBio Research Station near Ranomafana National Park, in rural Madagascar, generating over 750 Gb of sequencing data from 10 MinION flow cells. Exclusively using this long‐read data, we assembled 2.157 gigabase, 2980‐contig nuclear assembly with an N50 of 101.6 Mb and a 17,108 bp mitogenome. The nuclear assembly had 30× average coverage and was comparable in completeness to other primate reference genomes, with a 96.1% BUSCO completeness score for primate‐specific genes. As the first published reference genome for E. rufifrons and the only annotated genome available for the speciose Eulemur genus, this resource will prove vital for conservation genomic studies while our efforts exhibit the potential of this protocol to address research inequalities and build genomic capacity.
Long‐Term Demographic Trends of Near Threatened Coastal Dolphins Living in an Urban Estuary
Authors: Haigh Kennadie , Parra Guido J. , Möller Luciana , Steiner Aude , Bossley Mike
Published: January 2025

Understanding population demography of threatened species and how they vary in relation to natural and anthropogenic stressors is essential for effective conservation. We used a long‐term photographic capture‐recapture dataset (1993–2020) of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the highly urbanised Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS), South Australia, to estimate key demographic parameters and their variability over time. These parameters were analysed in relation to environmental variables used as indicators of local and large‐scale climatic events. Our findings indicate that apparent survival was high (0.98–0.99) and did not vary seasonally. Estimates of abundance were not directly related to environmental variables but were linked to seasonal temporary emigration. Abundance peaked in summer with an average of 85.37 dolphins (SD = 30.23) and was lowest in winter, with 68.57 (SD = 24.70) individuals. Site fidelity at the population level was low, but lagged identification rates revealed a population of approximately 28 individuals at any one time. Trend analysis suggests an increase in dolphin abundance from 1993 and persistence of the population over decades despite significant urbanisation, although numbers have declined in more recent years. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impacts leading to this population decline and to assess its future viability under different management scenarios. Conservation strategies aimed at increasing reproductive rates and promoting connectivity to adjacent waters are likely to be more effective in reversing population declines.
A Simple Diagnostic Method for Citrus Greening Disease With Deep Learning
Authors: Dong Ruihao , Shiraiwa Aya , Hayashi Takefumi
Published: January 2025

Citrus greening disease (CG) is the most destructive disease of citrus, leading to branch dieback and plant death. Currently, there is no cure for CG, the early detection and removal of infected trees is important to prevent the spread of the disease. In recent years, there have been growing expectations for CG detection with digital images, especially deep learning techniques applied to digitized herbarium specimen image data. However, this approach faces challenges in practical applicability and detection efficiency. In this paper, we proposed a simple diagnostic method for CG using transfer learning with the Faster RCNN architecture. We collected in‐field images from a citrus orchard in Thailand where CG has caused significant damage. We compared the performance of two annotation methods with the in‐field leaf dataset and discussed their effects on pre‐trained VGG and Resnet models. Five‐fold cross‐validation was utilized for model training and evaluation, with average precision (AP) used as the performance metric. The results showed that the Resnet models performed better than the VGG models, with the Resnet152 model scoring the highest in this task. The annotation method which included annotations of healthy and other disease leaves achieved an AP of 84.13% lower than another one but indicated better performance in practical applications with more robustness. Additionally, we developed a web application that performs real‐time diagnosis using our trained models and verified the effectiveness of our system.
Calculated Waveform and Peculiarity of Radiated Electric Field due to Collision ESD Between Metallic Spheres With Charging Voltages Below 1000 V Using Spark Resistance Law
Authors: Fujiwara Osamu , Kawamata Ken
Published: January 2025

Collision ESD between charged metallic objects below 1000 V causes electromagnetic interference in electronic equipment and devices. This interference is being observed to intensify at lower charging voltages. The phenomenon was first identified by Masmitsu Honda, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear even today. Originally, the charging voltage and spark length of collision ESD are unknown due to measurement difficulties, making it extremely challenging to establish the relationship between the radiated electric field strength and the spark property in such cases. In this study, to clarify the above mentioned electromagnetic phenomenon in collision ESD, a method of calculating the radiated electric field along with a spark length estimated from the measurement strength of radiated field peak is presented using the spark resistance law developed by Rompe and Weizel. The validity is confirmed by our previous measurement data on radiated electric field due to the collision ESD between charged spherical electrodes with a diameter of 30 mm at charging voltages from 300 to 600 V, employing an optical field probe with a wideband up to 10 GHz. The estimated spark length is verified by comparing it with the spark lengths based on an empirical Paschen's formula between fixed electrodes and the discharge data from past literature on metal electrodes, revealing the peculiarity effect of the radiated electric field strength caused by “constant breakdown potential gradient” that occurs at charging voltages below 1000 V.
Assessment In Depth on the Anti‐seasonal Water Fluctuations and Vegetation Dynamic Trends in a Plateau Lake, Southern China
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Zhao Qing , Feng Yuan , Li Tingting , Shao Ying , Fang Bo , Zhang Ying , Ammar Esraa E. , Chen Zhongli , Li Ningyun , Schäffer Andreas
Published: January 2025

Human activities, such as dam construction for flow regulation, modify the natural hydrological regimes of lakes and rivers. The altered flow regimes substantially influence plant growth in the water level fluctuation zone, impacting both vegetation patterns and success. The relationships among above‐ground vegetation, soil seed bank and soil microorganisms remain unexamined. This study was performed in Lashi Lake, a plateau lake in southern China characterized by anti‐seasonal water level fluctuations, and Jizi Reservoir, a reference site exhibiting natural seasonal water level variations. The primary aim was to assess the distribution pattern of plant, soil seed bank and their corresponding soil microorganism over the three flood gradients, and the relationships among them were analysed simultaneously. The findings indicated that both plant community variety and seed bank diminished as the area of soil flooding increased. The soil seed bank was a strong indication of community diversity, particularly throughout late spring and late summer. Additionally, significant correlations between the alpha diversity of soil microorganisms and the concentrations of soil carbon, nitrogen and moisture were found across the flooding gradients. The organization and diversity of soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with the alpha diversity of the plant community and the soil seed bank. The findings demonstrate that both seed banks and soil bacteria play a dynamic role in the restoration of vegetation in areas experiencing anti‐seasonal water fluctuations.
Smart Homes of the Future
Authors: Ezugwu Absalom E. , Taiwo Olutosin , Egwuche Ojonukpe S. , Abualigah Laith , Van Der Merwe Annette , Pal Jayanta , Saha Apu K. , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alblehai Fahad , Greeff Japie , Olusanya Micheal O.
Published: January 2025

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the concept of smart home automation, thereby allowing users to remotely interact with their houses and control home appliances for resource efficiency. This technological development has significantly improved convenience, safety, and overall lifestyles for homeowners. The impact of smart home automation systems (SHAS) extends beyond individual households, positively influencing the global economy in various aspects. While research in smart home automation has proposed solutions to wireless control and monitoring issues, there are still challenges hindering the widespread deployment of these systems. This paper conducts a detailed systematic analysis of state‐of‐the‐art SHAS, covering topics such as the concept of smart home automation, its application domains, architectural framework, enabling technologies, as well as the challenges involved. Furthermore, this paper provides reviews and discussions on the latest essential components, technologies, and protocols employed in designing and developing SHAS. By offering an in‐depth examination of the current scenery, this study aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of smart home automation, its significance, and future research directions. Through addressing the challenges and presenting potential solutions, this research contributes to adopting wider acceptance and successful deployment of SHAS.
Decoding Salience: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Reward and Contextual Unexpectedness in Memory Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Yi Yeo‐Jin , Kreißl Michael C. , Speck Oliver , Düzel Emrah , Hämmerer Dorothea
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the neuromodulatory substrates of salience processing and its impact on memory encoding and behaviour, with a specific focus on two distinct types of salience: reward and contextual unexpectedness. 46 Participants performed a novel task paradigm modulating these two aspects independently and allowing for investigating their distinct and interactive effects on memory encoding while undergoing high‐resolution fMRI. By using advanced image processing techniques tailored to examine midbrain and brainstem nuclei with high precision, our study additionally aimed to elucidate differential activation patterns in subcortical nuclei in response to reward‐associated and contextually unexpected stimuli, including distinct pathways involving in particular dopaminergic modulation. We observed a differential involvement of the ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus, as well as a functional specialisation within the subregions of the cingulate cortex for the two salience types. Moreover, distinct subregions within the SN in processing salience could be identified. Dorsal areas preferentially processed salience related to stimulus processing (of both reward and contextual unexpectedness), and ventral areas were involved in salience‐related memory encoding (for contextual unexpectedness only). These functional specialisations within SN are in line with different projection patterns of dorsal and ventral SN to brain areas supporting attention and memory, respectively. By disentangling stimulus processing and memory encoding related to two salience types, we hope to further consolidate our understanding of neuromodulatory structures' differential as well as interactive roles in modulating behavioural responses to salient events.
On Being Absorbed: Taking up Dialogic Pedagogy in University Diversity Plans
Authors: Hicks Stephanie D.
Published: January 2025

What are we to make of the proliferation of Intergroup Dialogue (IGD) programs for social justice education on college campuses? Though the inception of IGD predates many institutions’ diversity plans, increasingly colleges and universities are citing their existing IGD programs in their present‐day plans, as IGDs effectiveness has been well documented. By focusing on the development and implementation of a dialogue‐based education program at an urban, public research university, this study investigated whether IGD had been incorporated into the university in a way that abated students’ critical stances and activism, or whether it challenged power.
The role of the health sector in responding to energy hardship: An Australian perspective
Authors: Hunter Nicholas J. R. , Lewis Virginia
Published: January 2025

Energy hardship is increasingly recognised as a significant determinant of health, with evidence linking it to numerous negative health and wellbeing outcomes. The association between energy hardship and public health raises questions about what roles the health sector can or should play in addressing the issue. While there are limited examples in the literature, the role of health sectors to date has been predominantly as an intermediary connecting eligible individuals to energy hardship interventions, such as financial counselling and household upgrades to improve energy efficiency. Australia's response to energy hardship is likely to be strengthened by stronger and more strategic engagement of the health sector as part of coordinated cross‐sectoral action.
Mimicking Nature: Effect of Architectural Design Inspired by Cancellous Bone on the Biological Response of hMSC Cultured on Titanium Scaffolds Fabricated by Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Idaszek Joanna , Heljak Marcin , Szlązak Karol , Jankowski Krzysztof , Chmielewska‐Wysocka Agnieszka , Wysocki Bartłomiej , Skalski Konstanty , Święszkowski Wojciech
Published: January 2025

Bone tissue regeneration can be affected by various architectonical features of 3D porous scaffold, for example, pore size and shape, strut size, curvature, or porosity. However, the design of additively manufactured structures studied so far was based on uniform geometrical figures and unit cell structures, which often do not resemble the natural architecture of cancellous bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of architectonical features of additively manufactured (aka 3D printed) titanium scaffolds designed based on microtomographic scans of fragments of human femurs of individuals of different ages on in vitro response of human bone‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Four different types of titanium scaffold (33Y, 48Y, 56Y, and 63Y, where the number indicates the age of the individual) were fabricated using laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB) and characterized with respect to the dimensional features, permeability, and stiffness. hMSC were seeded onto the scaffolds and MTS, DNA, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red assays were used to study cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Microcomputed tomography revealed that the largest average pore size was in scaffolds 63Y (543 ± 200 μm), which was nearly twice as large as the smallest pores in scaffolds 56Y. Moreover, scaffolds 63Y exhibited the highest porosity (~61%), while the other architectures had porosity of ~43%–44%. Scaffolds 63Y also had the lowest surface area‐to‐volume ratio (11.07 ± 0.05 mm−1), whereas scaffolds 56Y had the highest (14.80 ± 0.06 mm−1). Furthermore, scaffolds 33Y had the largest strut size (398 ± 124 μm), exceeding the size in scaffolds 56Y (the smallest strut size) by over 1.5 times. CFD simulations indicated that the hydraulic permeability was the highest for scaffolds 63Y (5.24 × 10−9 m2; order of magnitude higher than in the other architectures). Stiffness of the investigated scaffolds, determined by finite element modeling, ranged from ~29 GPa (63Y) to ~60 GPa (56Y). This study demonstrates that the highest manufacturing accuracy in 3D printed structures based on architectural designs inspired by cancellous bone could be achieved when the structures were characterized by moderate strut sizes, the largest pores, and the highest porosity and permeability. The scaffold with the highest porosity and permeability (i.e., 63Y) yielded the lowest cell retention. Regarding the osteogenic differentiation, a correlation was found between the mineralization of the deposited extracellular matrix and the hydraulic permeability, pore size, and surface area‐to‐volume ratio but not the porosity.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Rower Joseph E. , Johnson Michael D. , Zorc Joseph J. , Shihabuddin Bashar , Dai Mengtao , Barney Bradley J. , Finkelstein Yaron
Published: January 2025

Pediatric asthma exacerbations represent a significant cause of emergency department use and hospitalizations. Despite available treatment options, many children's exacerbations are refractory to standard therapies and require adjunct treatments. The Intravenous Magnesium: Prompt use for Asthma in Children Treated in the Emergency Department study investigated the pharmacology of intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) in treating pediatric asthma exacerbations. Specifically, the objectives of the study included (1) externally validating a previously published population pharmacokinetic model and (2) linking serum magnesium concentrations with outcomes including asthma severity score (efficacy) and hypotension (safety). Data were obtained from 49 children prospectively treated with IVMg (placebo, 50 or 75 mg/kg) after presenting to the pediatric emergency department with an acute asthma exacerbation. Reductions in Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure scores were associated with both total and ionized serum magnesium area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–2 h). Despite frequent study‐specific blood pressure monitoring, hypotension was uncommon in IVMg‐treated participants (n = 2/31), and no concentration dependence was observed. The findings signal that IVMg may be an efficacious and safe option for treating moderate–severe pediatric acute asthma exacerbations in the ED. Importantly, this study is the first to suggest a serum exposure target (total serum magnesium AUC0–2 h >63.1 mg h/L) reflective of effective IVMg dosing in pediatric acute asthma. While further study in a larger clinical trial is needed to refine and validate this exposure target, these findings support the continued study of IVMg therapy as an adjunct therapeutic option in the setting of pediatric asthma exacerbations.
The association of donor and recipient sex on sepsis rates and hemoglobin increment among critically ill patients receiving red cell transfusions in a retrospective study
Authors: Li Wenhui , Liu Yang , Lucier Kayla J. , Heddle Nancy M. , Acker Jason P.
Published: January 2025

Background

Existing research presents conflicting results on the influence of blood donor sex on hemoglobin (Hb) change and transfusion‐associated infection and mortality in transfusion recipients.

Aim

This retrospective study explored the association between donor and recipient sex on hospital‐onset sepsis (HO‐sepsis) and Hb changes in critically ill patients receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.

Methods

Data from 2010–2020 were extracted from an academic hospital's clinical database and a blood supplier's donor database. HO‐sepsis was determined based on the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD‐10) diagnostic codes without requiring a microbiology test within the first 48 h of admission. Hb increments were determined by comparing the last Hb result in the 24‐h period prior to RBC unit issue and the first Hb result within 4–24 h after RBC unit issued for transfusion.

Results

25,585 critically ill patients received one or more RBC transfusions; 3,410 were included in the HO‐sepsis and 3,487 in the Hb increment analysis. There was no significant differences in the HO‐sepsis rate among the four groups, but female recipients were more prone to HO‐sepsis than males (OR 1.48, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis found that the number of RBC unit transfused (p = 0.001) and recipient age (p = 0.03), but not recipient sex (p = 0.63), were significant contributors to HO‐sepsis. Male blood was associated with higher Hb than female blood in female recipients (p = 0.007), but not in male recipients (p = 0.75). Variables such as donor Hb levels and recipient Hb level influenced Hb increments.

Conclusion

Blood donor sex was not associated with HO‐sepsis in critically ill patients receiving RBC transfusion. Male to female transfusions were associated with a higher Hb increment in recipients. Further exploration of the impact of sex mis‐matched transfusion on recipient outcomes is warranted.
Ultra‐Wide Stopband Bandpass Filter Using Second‐Order M‐Type Circuit Based on Glass‐Based IPD Technology
Authors: Wang Jianye , Cao Yazi , Wu Wei , Wang Gaofeng
Published: January 2025

An ultra‐wide stopband bandpass filter (BPF) using second‐order M‐type circuit is proposed by virtue of glass‐based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The second‐order M‐type circuit is composed of two first‐order M‐type circuits in series. The first‐order M‐type circuit consists of a low‐pass filter (LPF) and a high‐pass filter (HPF), each of which can generate one transmission zero. The second‐order M‐type circuit can generate two transmission zeros in the low frequency band and another two transmission zeros in the high frequency band, which can achieve high rejection in the upper ultra‐wide stopband. The proposed BPF covering 3.3–4.2 GHz is fabricated with a compact size of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 0.3 mm on glass‐based IPD technology. According to the measurements, the fabricated BPF can achieve a minimum in‐band insertion loss less than 1.4 dB, a return loss better than 15.6 dB, and more than 20 dB ultra‐wide stopband rejection from 5.81 to 43.5 GHz. Compared to the previous designs, the proposed BPF shows the superior advantages of compact size and ultra‐wide stopband.
Mechanisms of Autophagy in Ineffective Reperfusion After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bai Shangying , Ding Yuchuan , Simo Leticia , Li Fengwu , Geng Xiaokun
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advancements in achieving high recanalization rates (80%–90%) for large vessel occlusions through mechanical thrombectomy, the issue of “futile recanalization” remains a major clinical challenge. Futile recanalization occurs when over half of patients fail to experience expected symptom improvement after vessel recanalization, often resulting in severe functional impairment or death. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been attributed to inadequate blood flow and reperfusion injury. More recently, ongoing neuronal death after reperfusion, which leads to the progression of the ischemic penumbra into the core infarct, has been termed “futile reperfusion.” This review explores the complex role of autophagy mechanisms in futile reperfusion following ischemic stroke, with a focus on its relationship to neuronal survival. We also examine the regulation of autophagic activity by epigenetic mechanisms. By investigating autophagy's role in ischemic stroke, we aim to identify novel pathways for precision treatment.
Absorption of 15N Enriched Ammonia by Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Frößl Jonas , Ruser Reiner , Müller Torsten
Published: January 2025

Background

Loss of gaseous reactive nitrogen in the form of aerosols may impact human health, and its deposition leads to eutrophication and acidification of natural ecosystems. In order to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions, which are a main pathway of nitrogen loss to the environment, accurate monitoring and understanding of the factors involved is required.

Aims

As information on the absorption of NH3 by wheat plants in central Europe is scarce, we conducted a field experiment to quantify NH3 absorption by a winter wheat canopy in May and June with each two emission scenarios (5 and 12 kg NH3‐N ha−1).

Methods

To induce NH3 emissions, a 15N enriched ammonium sulfate solution (pH 9) was applied in trays between the wheat rows.

Results

Absorption of the volatilized NH3 of the aboveground plant biomass ranged between 23 and 181 mg NH3‐N m−2 (corresponding to 14.8% and 20.0% of the emitted NH3) and was significantly higher during the first sampling in May, when compared to the second sampling in June. A higher emission led to a higher absolute amount absorbed.

Conclusions

The results indicate that wheat will indeed absorb significant amounts of NH3 emitted at ground level. They will be useful for further improving NH3 emission factors and the understanding of the NH3 emission pathway.