bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory health in Africa: Strides and challenges
Authors: Erhabor Gregory E.
Published: January 2021

The challenges of Respiratory Medicine in Africa go beyond the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Communicable diseases such as Pneumonia and Tuberculosis are still important public health challenges, although considerable strides in the management have been made. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are also increasing in burden and the risk factors are pervasive in Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic had exposed the weakness of the health system in most parts of Africa and this is an opportunity for stakeholders to come together to develop sustainable strategies to build resilient health systems. A number of African initiatives such as the Pan African Thoracic Society are at the forefront to improve Respiratory health in Africa and must work in collaboration with the global community to achieve this objective.
Self-assembled Dendritic Boronate Micelles as a Promising Delivery Strategy for Gemcitabine
Authors: Al-Ni’mat Muna A. , Parcero-Bouzas Samuel , Amaral Sandra P. , Fernandez-Megia Eduardo
Published: January 2021

A novel drug delivery system is described based on a PEG-dendritic copolymer functionalized with peripheral boronic acids, that self-assembles in the presence of catechol to afford nanometric micelles with the ability to encapsulate GEM. The simplicity of the method, with all equilibria (boronate esterification, copolymer self-assemble, drug encapsulation) occurring simultaneously, is compatible with a high tunability of the micelle properties (via diol structure and the boronic acid-to-diol molar ratio).
Water Gas May Not Shift in Deep Earth
Authors: Stolte Nore , Yu Junting , Chen Zixin , Sverjensky Dimitri A. , Pan Ding
Published: January 2021

The water-gas shift reaction is a key reaction in Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, which is widely believed to generate hydrocarbons in the deep carbon cycle, but is little known at extreme pressure-temperature conditions found in Earth’s upper mantle. Here, we performed extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to study the water-gas shift reaction. We found the direct formation of formic acid out of CO and supercritical water at 10∼13 GPa and 1400 K without any catalyst. Contrary to the common assumption that formic acid or formate is an intermediate product, we found that HCOOH is thermodynamically more stable than the products of the water-gas shift reaction above 3 GPa and at 1000∼1400 K. Our study suggests that the water-gas shift reaction may not happen in Earth’s upper mantle, and formic acid or formate may be an important carbon carrier, participating in many geochemical processes in deep Earth.
Catalyst-Controlled Regiodivergence in Rearrangements of Indole-Based Onium Ylides
Authors: Nair Vaishnavi , Kojasoy Volga , Laconsay Croix , Tantillo Dean , Tambar Uttam
Published: January 2021

We have developed catalyst-controlled regiodivergent rearrangements of onium-ylides derived from indole substrates. Oxonium ylides formed in situ from substituted indoles selectively undergo [2,3]- and [1,2]-rearrangements in the presence of a rhodium and copper catalyst, respectively. The combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies indicate divergent mechanistic pathways involving a metal-free ylide in the rhodium catalyzed reaction favoring [2,3]-rearrangement, and a metal-coordinated ion-pair in the copper catalyzed [1,2]-rearrangement that recombines in the solvent-cage. The application

of our methodology was demonstrated in the first total synthesis of the indole alkaloid (±)-sorazolon B, which enabled the stereochemical reassignment of the natural product. Further functional group transformations of the rearrangement products to generate valuable synthetic intermediates were also demonstrated.
GNINA 1.0: Molecular Docking with Deep Learning
Authors: McNutt Andrew , Francoeur Paul , Aggarwal Rishal , Masuda Tomohide , Meli Rocco , Ragoza Matthew , Sunseri Jocelyn , Koes David
Published: January 2021

Molecular docking computationally predicts the conformation of a small molecule when binding to a receptor. Scoring functions are a vital piece of any molecular docking pipeline as they determine the fitness of sampled poses. Here we describe and evaluate the 1.0 release of the Gnina docking software, which utilizes an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a scoring function. We also explore an array of parameter values for Gnina 1.0 to optimize docking performance and computational cost. Docking performance, as evaluated by the percentage of targets where the top pose is better than 2A root mean square deviation (Top1), is compared to AutoDock Vina scoring when utilizing explicitly defined binding pockets or whole protein docking. Gnina, utilizing a CNN scoring function to rescore the output poses, outperforms AutoDock Vina scoring on redocking and cross-docking tasks when the binding pocket is defined (Top1 increases from 58% to 73% and from 27% to 37%, respectively) and when the whole protein defines the binding pocket (Top1 increases from 31% to 38% and from 12% to 16%, respectively). The derived ensemble of CNNs generalizes to unseen proteins and ligands and produces scores that correlate well with the root mean square deviation to the known binding pose. We provide the 1.0 version of Gnina under and open source license for use as a molecular docking tool at https://github.com/gnina/gnina.
The Structural Changes in the Signaling Mechanism of Bacteriophytochromes in Solution Revealed by a Multiscale Computational Investigation
Authors: Macaluso Veronica , Salvadori Giacomo , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: January 2021

Phytochromes are red-light sensing proteins, with important light-regulatory roles in different organisms, which are capturing an increasing interest in bioimaging and optogenetics. Upon absorption of light by the embedded bilin chromophore, they undergo structural changes that extend from the chomophore to the protein and finally drive the biological function. Up to now, the underlying mechanism still has to be characterized fully. Here we investigate the Pfr activated form of a bacterial phytochrome, by combining extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations with a polarizable QM/MM description of the spectroscopic properties, revealing a large structure relaxation in solution, compared to the crystal structure, both in the chromophore-binding pocket and in the overall structure of the phytochrome. Our results indicate that the final opening of the dimeric structure is preceded by an important internal reorganization of the phytochrome specific (PHY) domain involving a bend of the helical spine connecting the PHY domain with the chromophore-binding domain, opening the way to a new understanding of the activation pathway.
A comparative study on the effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization versus Positional release therapy technique in patients with Adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Chandrasekaran K  , Sundaram M S  , Senthil Selvam P  , Viswanath Reddy A  , Senthilkumar S  , Rathnapandi V
Published: January 2021

Adhesive capsulitis is a painful condition in which the movement of the shoulder becomes limited and functional activity is affected. Adhesive capsulitis occurs when the shoulder joint capsule become thick, stiff and inflamed. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Mulligan movement with mobilization versus Positional release technique on shoulder range of motion and functional activity in patients with adhesive capsulitis. 30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (N = 15) received Mulligan mobilization technique and Group B (N = 15) received positional release therapy. The shoulder range of motion (Abduction, External rotation, Internal rotation) was measured by goniometer, the functional activity by SPADI questionnaire. The results showed that significant differences in shoulder ROM Abduction (t = 14.18, p = 0.000), Internal rotation (t = 13.80, p = 0.000), External rotation (t = 15.87, p = 0.000) and SPADI questionnaire (t = 13.94, p = 0.000) were observed in group A patients when compared to group B. In conclusion the Mulligan mobilization technique was effective to improve the shoulder ROM and reduce functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis compared to Positional release technique.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Vaccinium macrocarpon mouthwash against Steptococcus mutans in dental plaque of caries active children – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Neethu Ann Preethy  , Sujatha Somasundaram
Published: January 2021

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts have been found to be rich in polyphenols specifically, including flavonoids, that have been found to exhibit beneficial properties to human health. Considering the recent inclination in the preference of people towards herbal based products and remedies, and taking into account the possible side-effects of chlorhexidine, the current study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Vaccinium macrocarpon and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the Streptococcus mutans count in the dental plaque of caries, active children. The study follows a parallel design involving 50 children divided into two groups of 25 each - Group 1: chlorhexidine mouthwash; Group 2: cranberry mouthwash. The initial plaque samples and the samples were taken after 14 days were evaluated using a digital colony counter for determining the streptococcal colony count/ml. A statistically significant difference was found in both the groups with respect to the Streptococcal colony count when the intra-group comparison was made comparing the baseline values to the values after 14 days. However, no significant difference was seen in the percentage of reduction in the microbial CFU/ml between the two groups. Cranberry mouthwash can be considered to be an effective alternative to Chlorhexidine mouthwash, given its additional systemic effects apart from local beneficial effects in the oral region. Future scope in research should be aimed at evaluating its long term health benefits and any possible adverse effects.
Yellow Medicine of Nature- The future Chartbuster Protoberberine Antivirals
Authors: Narasimhan S
Published: January 2021

Emerging viral diseases are one of the principal threat towards the plants, animals and humans. Viruses are fast evolving, resulting in reduced effectiveness of existing drugs and vaccines. At this juncture, the importance of traditional medicine, as well as medicinal plant active principles, occupies central attention of researchers across the world. Protoberberine alkaloids, an essential group of isoquinoline family of alkaloids, exhibit properties were affecting the life cycle of DNA and RNA viruses. However, from this protoberberine group, only berberine alkaloid has been studied in detail for its mechanism of action. Berberine is useful both in the case of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Berberine inhibits viral life cycle by modulating NF-kB signalling, targeting viral glycoproteins and downregulation of MEK-ERK signalling. Apart from this, berberine also inhibits ACE. All protoberberine alkaloids share a characteristic protoberberine skeleton. The protoberberine containing botanicals also exhibited antiviral properties. Therefore protoberberine alkaloids and protoberberine containing botanicals are interesting to experiment in detail for their antiviral properties and mechanism of action in emerging viral diseases of plants, animals and humans.
Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity of Dashapushpam in the form of Ghritham
Authors: Sreedevy K  , Praseetha P K
Published: January 2021

The state Kerala in India is famous for its plant resource both culturally and medicinally. There is a cluster of ten sacred medicinal plants commonly known as Dashapushpam. These herbs are of great importance in the cold rainy season. Each plant of this group possesses many medicinal values. There are many formulations using these herbs. Ancient people knew the value of using these herbs in a cluster, so they included them in their diet to improve immunity in the monsoon season. There are many Ayurvedic texts which mention the uses of these sacred herbs. Formulations that use all the members of Dashapushpam are rare. The Dasapushpagritham is one such formulation taken from the text vishavaidhya jyostnika. The present work intends to evaluate the anti-bacterial property of Dashapushpam when used in an Ayurvedic formulation known as Dasapushpa Ghritham. The bacterial strains used as the test micro-organisms for the study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. The method of the anti-bacterial evaluation was done through agar-gel diffusion technique. The samples including the plant extracts possessed a varying level of anti-bacterial activity against these two bacteria, and their values obtained were compared with standard antibiotic amoxicillin. Based on these results, it was concluded that the anti-bacterial property of the Ayurvedic drug Dasapushpa Ghritham has significant value when compared to the drug base and other individual plant extracts. Hence the present study proves the significant usage of the Dashapushpam plants in various therapeutics used as an anti-microbial agent.
Evaluation of phytochemical, anthelmintic activity and antidiabetic activity-melochia corchorifolia ethanol extract
Authors: Vinoth M  , Natarajan B
Published: January 2021

Melochia corchorifolia belongs to the Sterculiaceae family and is a common weed distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions in many countries. Melochia corchorifolia is a medicinal plant which is used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of the various diseases. Several studies have reported antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity effects and anti-cancer activity of water and methanol extracts of the leaf. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted with ethanol solvent through the Soxhlet apparatus. The phytochemical analysis was done using standard techniques on the ethanolic extract. The analysis showed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins and anthraquinones. Besides, the research was aimed at assessing the Anthelmintic behaviour of ethanol extract of Melochia corchorifolia leaves against Eisenia fetida (Indian earthworms)  the result shown that 300 mg/ml proved to be very active by paralyzing and killing the earthworms in a shorter time and followed by  Antidiabetic activity in  inhibition assay for α-amylase activity was evaluated using Melochia corchorifolia leaves showed maximum inhibition of the enzyme with the highest value of 85.0% seen at 100mg/ml. Our results reveal that ethanol extract of the leaf of Melochia corchorifolia acquires potent bioactive phytocompounds that might be developed into novel Anthelmintic and Antidiabetic activities.
Management of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures with Proximal Femoral Locking Plate- A Prospective Study of 30 Patients
Authors: Yeshwanth subash  , Vishnu S  , Damodharan
Published: January 2021

Intertrochanteric fractures are quite common in the elderly age group due to the osteoporotic nature of the bone. Unstable fracture patterns are challenging to treat and would require an implant which would address the requirements. This study was performed to evaluate the functional outcome following management of these fractures with PFLP (Proximal femoral locking plate). Thirty patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures who presented between January 2012 to January 2015 were managed by ORIF (Open reduction and internal fixation) with PFLP and were followed up for three years. Functional assessment was performed using the Harris hip score. There was a female preponderance seen in our study with the left side being more commonly affected. The most common mode of injury was slip and fall, and Boyd and Griffin type 3 was the most common fracture type seen. The mean Harris hip score was 83.6(82-95). We were able to achieve a 100% union rate in our series with minimal complications.ORIF with PFLP is a good treatment option in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures and gives good rates of union and functional outcomes.
Development and evaluation of polyherbal based medicated candy from Ayurveda herbs reported for cough and cold and Evaluation of their anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties
Authors: Manas Ranjan Sahoo  , Marakanam Srinivasan Umashankar  , Ramesh Raghava varrier  , Paul Pandian
Published: January 2021

Emergence and spread of new viral and bacterial originated infectious diseases along with mutated new strains posing enormous global challenges. Respiratory infection is one of the major concerns in the current and past situation. With the lack of a safe and effective vaccine and small molecules drugs for effective treatments there is a need of efficacious herbal medicine to tackle infectious diseases. The herbal treatments mentioned in the Ayurveda can be excellent source for an effective treatment. In the present study a hard- boiled candy formulation was from promising herbs recommended herbs from Ayurveda for respiratory health and immunmodulatory actions. The herbs selected were Ocimum sanctum-OS (leafs), Terminalia chebula-TC (fruit), Glycyrrhiza glabra-GG (roots), Curcuma longa-CL (rhizomes), Zingiber officinale-ZO (rhizomes), Piper longum-PL (fruits). The herbs were evaluated for antiviral and antibacterial activity. The results indicated that most of the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against pathogens B. subtilis, S.aureus, S.pyogens and S.pneumoniae and showed significant antiviral activity against DENV  virus in vitro. The formulated hard-boiled candy was found to be having satisfactory quality parameters of hardness, friability, and dissolving time. The HPTLC profile was developed for the candy formulation as an effective quality control tool. This study indicates that the hard-boiled candy (HBC) could be an ideal solid oral dosage form for herbal drug delivery at local region of oropharyngeal region.
Endocrinopathies and its relationship with Thalassemia
Authors: Ranjit S Ambad  , Roshan Kumar Jha  , Saurabh Hadke  , Sonal Muley
Published: January 2021

Thalassemia is a common genetic blood disorder that places a burden on patients and the healthcare system, particularly in developing countries. Thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that is transmitted to an individual as a result of a gene mutation that creates the alpha or beta-globin chains. Unless the genes are defective for beta chains, it may result in beta-thalassemia. If both beta genes are defective, the person has significant thalassemia and extreme anemia. Thalassemia is associated with several disorders of the endocrine that include pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, gonads, parathyroid and bone. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 Thalassemia patients, and 100 healthy controls and the levels of Minerals, Hormones, Diabetic Profile and Vitamin D was assessed in both the groups. Vitamin D deficiency was the commonest endocrine complications, followed by LH/FSH deficiency, hypothyroidism (32%), diabetes mellitus (6.7%) hyperparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. There was more number of male then female patients with hypogonadism. Seven out of thirty-two patients with hypothyroidism presented with subclinical hypothyroidism. In our study total, 41% of patients had Vitamin D deficiency, 13 % had vitamin D insufficiency, and 46% had sufficient levels. Diabetes Mellitus with high fasting levels was seen in 16% of patients. In our study, 10% of patients had no Endocrine Disorder. The present study suggests that early screening programs for iron overload should be implemented to prevent endocrinopathies in children and adults and supplemented with prophylactic vitamin D.
Review on biological activities in medicinal plants of acanthaceae family
Authors: Manjula M  , Sankar D S
Published: January 2021

Acanthaceae is popularly known as acanthus family which belong to mint order – lamiales. They are distributed from tropics to a temperate region such as India, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Brazil, Central America and Africa. Most members of this family are therapeutically important since they are in the up to date usage by ethnic communities. Andrographis paniculata, Clinacanthus nutans, Graptophyllum pictum, Hemigraphis alternata, Justicia gendarussa and Strobilanthes Crispus are some of the medicinal plants of Acanthaceae family. These plants are recognized for their biopharmaceutical potential usage in traditional medicine. These plants have a plethora of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, terpenoids, benzenoids, quinine, triterpenoids and naphthoquinone present in various parts of the plant that plays a vital role in drug industries. The pharmacological properties of these plants such as anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, hepatoprotective, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive are in general practice as an alternative and complementary medicine in both ethnobotanical and pharmacological fields. This article encompasses not only the comprehensive survey based on the electronic resources, scientific journals but also the books that summarize the botanical, phytochemical properties of these plants and also accentuate their significant role in both ethnobotanical and pharmacological fields. It is felt that this article would provide more insight into the health benefits of some plants of the Acanthaceae family.
La tradición oral de Pasco-Perú: una experiencia de investigación cualitativa
Authors: Salazar Espinoza David Elí
Published: January 2021

El artículo tiene el propósito de mostrar avances de investigación cualitativa sobre la tradición oral de Pasco que venimos realizando en la Universidad Nacional Alcides Carrión (UNDAC) Pasco. Repasamos corrientes teóricas sobre tradición oral del mundo académico contemporáneo, damos cuenta de los trabajos preliminares que se han hecho en Pasco, mostramos algunos resultados, aquellos que repercuten en el imaginario social y cómo circulan estos textos en la comunidad actual. Metodológicamente, recurrimos a la hermenéutica para analizar e interpretar los textos desde la perspectiva literaria, la etnográfica para recoger la fuente de los informantes, sistematizamos la información y explicamos un texto. La pretensión es publicarlo.
Factores de riesgo en adolescentes infractores del Centro Juvenil El Tambo
Authors: Alberto Bueno Yovana Luiza
Published: January 2021

Investigación básica de naturaleza descriptiva, población 50 adolescentes infractores del programa intermedio del centro juvenil de el Tambo; los factores de riesgo medio ambiental social en adolescentes en lo personal presentó dificultades negativas en actitudes y comportamientos, baja autoestima, carencia de valores; en lo escolar inasistencia al colegio, evasiones, bajas calificaciones, repitencia escolar, conflictos con sus profesores, incumpliendo de tareas académicas, abandono escolar; en lo familiar antecedentes de padres recluidos, haber recibido castigos físicos y psicológicos, evidenciar situaciones de violencia, carencia de afectividad, abandono moral y material. Conclusión: factores personales, social y familiar.
Naturaleza y especificidad de las Investigaciones en la Facultad de Trabajo Social en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Authors: Soto Sulca Ricardo Walter , Muñoz Rojas Julissa Karent
Published: January 2021

Nuestra intención en esta investigación es conocer la producción intelectual de los docentes de la Facultad de Trabajo Social entre los años 1978-1982, en este periodo los docentes han aportado en la discusión sobre la naturaleza de Trabajo Social, el proceso metodológico y el desarrollo de las prácticas profesionales que nos permite proponer en primera línea una reflexión sobre la producción académica de los docentes en un proceso de globalización siendo necesario tener una nueva lectura de nuestra carrera. Precisamente, el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en situar los artículos y los debates en torno a la naturaleza, metodología, prácticas-supervisión en Trabajo Social que están publicados en la revista UNITS de la UNCP entre los años 1978-1982.  En este sentido, los trabajos de investigación sobre la naturaleza de la carrera profesional desarrollado por los docentes de la Facultad de Trabajo Social tienen vigencia y pueden ser debatidos y a veces crear expectativas dicho conocimiento es indispensable por la contribución en la formación académica de los estudiantes, egresados y docentes en donde, actualmente se va perdiendo el pensamiento crítico.  Después de la década de los noventa se han dado cambios importantes en el mundo global donde los paradigmas se destruyen, las utopías desaparecen en las ciencias sociales comienzan a mirar del conocimiento teórico al pragmatismo instrumental. El Trabajo Social no es ajeno a todo el discurso del pragmatismo instrumental que se vienen implementando en todas las ciencias sociales, dejando de lado la búsqueda de una teoría crítica que puede servir como principio o filosofía y oriente nuestra intervención.
Autoeficacia y procrastinación académica en estudiantes del séptimo ciclo de educación básica regular
Authors: Estrada Araoz Edwin Gustavo
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre la autoeficacia y la procrastinación académica en los estudiantes del séptimo ciclo de educación básica regular de una institución pública de Puerto Maldonado. El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental y el tipo correlacional. La muestra fue conformada por 239 estudiantes del séptimo ciclo de educación básica regular a quienes se les aplicó dos instrumentos previamente validados: La Escala de Autoeficacia General y la Escala de Procrastinación Académica. Los resultados indican que existe una relación inversa pero significativa entre la autoeficacia y la procrastinación académica (rs= -0,221; p=0,012<0,05). Se concluyó que los bajos niveles de autoeficacia están relacionados con altos niveles de procrastinación académica.
Dominancia cerebral de los estudiantes de la especialidad de Filosofía, Ciencias Sociales y Relaciones Humanas de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Centro del Perú
Authors: Álvarez Gustavo , Arauco Jorge , Palomino Karina
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue determinar las diferencias de dominancia cerebral entre género; se usó un cuestionario de 40 preguntas basadas en el modelo del cerebro total de Herrmann que se aplicó a 86 estudiantes. La prueba de hipótesis se procesó con la chi cuadrado de Pearson; los resultados evidencian que existen diferencias en la dominancia cerebral entre los varones y mujeres; además, se determinó que un 29% del total de estudiantes evitan su dominancia cerebral. Los hemisferios izquierdo y derecho presentan una correlación de Spearman de 0.42; este hallazgo implica que la dominancia doble es poco probable que ocurra dentro del hemisferio izquierdo y derecho del cerebro.
Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de actitudes favorables hacia la violación en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Perú
Authors: Pinco Ramos Stephany Johanna , Marquina Lujan Román Jesús
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio, fue desarrollado con la finalidad de determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de actitudes favorables hacia la violación (RSAS). La muestra estuvo conformada por 354 estudiantes de 18 a 30 años de edad, de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Chimbote del Perú. Los resultados, a nivel general señalan que la estructura de la escala presenta cinco factores en la población estudiada, alcanzando coeficientes de consistencia interna superiores al valor de 0,80. Respecto a la validez existen tres ítems que merecen ser revisados en posteriores estudios. En conclusión, se afirma que la escala RSAS a nivel general presenta una adecuada calidad psicométrica.
Paulo Freire y los cincuenta años de la Pedagogía del oprimido
Authors: Angues Bambarén Iván Nelson
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo trata de mostrar la faceta humana, de compromiso social y de principios de Paulo freire, uno de los más grandes pedagogos del siglo XX. De la misma forma, se elabora una breve síntesis de su principal obra: “Pedagogía del oprimido”. Su pensamiento y obra, al igual que su metodología continúan vigentes. Sus ideas y método siguen siendo estudiadas y llevadas a la práctica en los cinco continentes. Es objetivo de este trabajo que se conozca más a este gran maestro de la pedagogía estudiado por muchos educadores y los más variados intelectuales del mundo. La mencionada obra ha sido traducida a más de una veintena de idiomas y es, sin lugar a duda, la más leída en el área de la educación.  Igualmente, es también un modesto tributo al autor por los primeros cincuenta años de la publicación en español del libro aludido.
Influence of Initial Media and Duration of Cold Pretreatment on the Efficiency of Androgenesis in the Culture of Isolated Anthers of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety Irkutskaya
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Lyubushkina I. V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Pomortsev A. V. ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Polyakova M. S. ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Arbuzova G. A. ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS,   Irkutsk State Univercity, Voinikov V. K. ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Anapiyaev B. B. ,   Satbayev University
Published: January 2021

Haploid technologies are based on the regeneration of gamete cells to form whole plants. The main advantage of haploid technologies is the ability to quickly in one generation obtain homozygous plants with the required parameters. Nevertheless, the use of these technologies today is limited, what is associated with insufficient knowledge of the physiological and biochemical features of the application of this method. In this regard, this work is devoted to the study of the features of androgenesis in vitro in the culture of isolated anthers of winter wheat cultivar Irkutskaya and the determination of the methodological features of obtaining intact plants. In the autumn-winter period, donor plants were grown at the artificial climate station SIPPB SB RAS. In the spring-summer period, donor plants were grown in the field at the experimental plots of the Zalarinsky agroecological station (Tungui village). The plant material was selected at the booting stage. Anthers were isolated from 6-10 spikelets of the middle third of the spike. The features of androgenesis were assessed by the frequency of formation of calli and embryo-like structures to the total number of anthers and the frequency of formation of the total number of seedlings and the number of green seedlings to the number of embryo-like structures and calli. It was found that the optimal medium for the induction of androgenesis in the anther culture of this common wheat cultivar is the modification of medium N6 containing 9% sucrose, with the addition of glycine (2 mg/L), 2.4-D (1 mg/L) and NAA (1 mg/L). The maximum yield of embryoid-like structures was observed in the case of low-temperature pretreatment of donor plants at + 4 °C for 6-12 days. At the same time, the most intensive calli formation in the culture of isolated anthers occurred after 3-6 days of donor plant cold pretreatment. Regeneration of green plants took place on 190-2Cu medium with the addition of growth regulators (2.4-D, 0.5 mg/L; kinetin, 0.5 mg/L) with obligatory cold pretreatment of androclinic structures at +4 °C for 3-7 days. Obtained results indicate that low-temperature exposure at different stages, from pretreatment of donor ears to exposure to androclinic structures, is a key factor for winter wheat that promotes androgenesis in the culture of isolated anthers and the successful formation of intact plants.
Terrestrial Arthropods in the Urban Gradient of Irkutsk City
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Shilenkov V. G.
Published: January 2021

Four biotops with arboreal vegetation situated in the Irkutsk town territory were studied by pitfall traps method: artifitially forrestated park zone, coastal band of willow shrubs, Caragana arborescens shrubs on steep slope of southern exposition, group of bird-cherry trees. Biodiversity of high taxonomical groups, and the same on species level for carabid beetles, were estimated. Carabid’s communities were compared on dominant species, biodiversity and dynamic density of populations. Sörensen – Chekanovsky coefficient for comparison of different biotopes in number of species and specimens was used. In the willow shrubs minimal number of high groups of arthropods were collected, but maximal biodiversity and dynamic density of carabids populations was postulated. It depends first of all the high number of small species Trechus secalis. Biodiversity is increased in the row: park zone (14) – bird-cherry trees (21) – caragana shrubs (24 groups). Set of the high taxonomical groups in the different biotopes has a specific features. Such taxa like carabids, staphylinids, silphids, ants and spiders were recorded in all biotopes, but could differ each other in the set of species and dynamic density very sufficiently. Sörensen coefficient estimated for carabids communities demonstrates very low similarity between biotopes as in set of species, as in number of specimens. Caragana shrubs has a maximal level of isolation. The simplest structure of community with very low number of species in park zone was postulated. In this biotopes silphid beetles was dominated group due to maximal level of anthropogenic influence. Refugial zones, like Kaya river basin in the town landscape surroundings, could be preserved for recreation and biodiversity maintenance.
Relationship between running economy and mechanical characteristics of triceps surae assessed with tensiomyography
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Diego , López-Samanes Álvaro , Centeno Aitor , Esteve-Lanao Jonathan , Diez-Vega Ignacio
Published: January 2021

Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive
technique commonly used for evaluating muscle properties in highly trained
athletes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the mechanical characteristics
of m. triceps surae in competitive runners through TMG measurement
and analyze if there was a relationship with running economy (RE). Nine male
runners completed the study (mean±SD: age 40.4±9.0 years, body height 176.2±4.9
cm, body mass 70.7±9.4 kg, 10-km time 39.8±5.9 min, VO2peak 56.9 ±
6.5 mL kg- 1
min-1 ).
Each subject visited the lab on two occasions with 72h of rest between the trials.
On the first day, an incremental test was performed to determine their
ventilatory thresholds and peak oxygen consumption. On the second day, RE was
evaluated on a treadmill at the velocity of their first ventilatory threshold
(VT1), and mechanical characteristics of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles
were analyzed with TMG. Significant differences were found between the economic
and non-economic runners in m. soleus in delayed time (Td), contraction
time (Tc), and maximal radial displacement of the muscle belly (Dm). Also,
significant differences were found in contraction time (Tc) in medium calf (MC)
and in half relaxation time (Tr) in lateral twin (LT). The main finding of our
study was that the runners with better RE showed greater stiffness in the
triceps surae muscles, an aspect that seems to be associated with better
performance in athlete runners.
Growth promotion of some lactic acid bacteria by crude extract of Spirogyra sp.,
Cladophora sp., Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa corynephora
Authors: Chadseesuwan U. , Puthong S. , Deetae P.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth promotion of two freshwater
macroalgae (Spirogyra sp., Cladophora sp.) and two saltwater macroalgae (Caulerpa
lentillifera and Caulerpa corynephora) crude extracts to some lactic acid bacteria using in
vitro fermentation. Total soluble carbohydrates of macroalgae were obtained after
extraction with 75oC of water for 1 hr. The concentration of total sugar and reducing sugar
were 0.764 and 0.197 mg/g in Spirogyra sp., 0.368 and 0.082 mg/g in Cladophora sp.,
0.484 and 0.055 mg/g in C. lentillifera, and 0.253 and 0.037 mg/g in C. corynephora,
respectively. Degree of polymerization (DP) that refers to the size of oligosaccharide,
were 3.8, 4.5, 8.8 and 6.8, respectively. The prebiotic activity was assessed by the change
of the bacterial population. Crude extracts from macroalgae were tested for growth
stimulation effect on lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR862 and
Escherichia coli TISTR073. Results demonstrated that the population of L. plantarum
TISTR862 and E. coli TISTR073 were higher in crude extracts from freshwater than
saltwater macroalgae. The prebiotic activity score was calculated based on the change of
growth in probiotic and pathogen after 24 hrs of incubation time. The highest score was
obtained from C. corynephora extracts (1.10) follow by C. lentillifera extracts (0.77),
Cladophora sp. extracts (0.173) and Spirogyra sp. extracts (0.07). In comparison with
commercial culture (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus
and Bifidobacterium), the addition of 3.5% C. lentillifera extracts resulted as prebiotic
activity score value as 3.5% FOS. Preliminary study demonstrated that crude extract of C.
lentillifera could be a prebiotic substance
The Integration of Olanzapine and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review
Authors: Tolentino Raymond , McMahon Aoife
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts a person’s quality of life. This condition is characterized by three groups of symptoms: positive, negative and cognitive. There have been developments of new therapeutic methods for treating schizophrenia, both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic. Antipsychotic drugs such as the second generation antipsychotic olanzapine are often the first course of treatment, for the purpose of controlling symptoms. However, research has determined that using antipsychotics alone may limit its long-term effectiveness and produce adverse effects. Psychosocial interventions like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) aim to reduce psychotic symptoms and prevent relapse when used in conjunction with medication. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness of the integration of olanzapine and CBT, and how these treatments improve symptom reduction, reduce relapse and reduce the occurrence of adverse effects.
Methods: A literature search between the years of 2010 to 2020 was conducted using PubMed and PsycInfo. Keywords included variations of “schizophrenia”, “treatment”, “olanzapine”, and “cognitive behavioural therapy”.
Results: Olanzapine by itself was found to improve symptom reduction, yet showed adverse effects such as weight gain and extrapyramidal symptoms. CBT used as a lone treatment of schizophrenia showed less adverse effects than antipsychotics, yet was significantly less effective than both antipsychotics alone and the combinatorial treatment of CBT and olanzapine. The integration of olanzapine and CBT demonstrated an overall improvement in a schizophrenic patient’s health.
Discussion: The integration of olanzapine and CBT show promise for symptom reduction, relapse prevention, reduced occurrence of adverse side effects, and the overall improvement of one’s health.
Conclusion: Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia experience emotional, physical and social hardships, thus it is imperative that physicians are aware of current treatments that can be tailored to best treat their patients.
Interrelation of Multiple Intelligences and their Correlation with Linguistic Intelligence as Perceived by College Students: A Correlation Study
Authors: Wajiha Kanwal  , Quratulain  , Iffat Basit
Published: January 2021

The present study was concerned to determine Interrelation of Multiple Intelligences and their correlation with linguistic intelligence as perceived by college students. All the students of intermediate level studying in Islamabad Model Colleges was the population of this study. The 1000 students were selected as sample by using simple random sampling technique Questionnaire for students was used to collect the data. Experts were involved for validation of research instrument.  The reliability was measured through pilot testing on 100 students. Researcher used SPSS advanced version to analyze the quantitative data. Mean, Standard Deviation, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that moderate inter-correlation exists between verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical intelligences and. It was suggested that teachers may use all the Multiple intelligences during the teaching-learning process to promote their development.
Vowel Phonemes in Hindi
Authors: Шарма Брахма Дутта
Published: January 2021

An analysis of the present day Hindi, as spoken in the northern part of India, brings to light the fact that this language has at least twenty vowel phonemes, and not simply thirteen. Twelve of these twenty vowel phonemes are oral while eight of them are nasalized. Eighteen of them are pure vowels (monophthongs) while two of them are diphthongs. Two of the thirteen vowels included in the current list of alphabet have given place to two consonants with the result that they have ceased to exist. Most of these vowel phonemes occur in all the three positions, namely initial, medial and final, in the Hindi words.

References

Agnihotri, Rama Kant. (2007). Hindi: An Essential Grammar. London: Routledge.

Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar. (1942). Indo-Aryan and Hindi: Eight Lectures. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vernacular Society. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2478.

Duncan Forbes. (1846). A Grammar of the Hindustani Language in the Oriental and Roman Character, London: W. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved from: https://ia801408.us.archive.org/ 27/items/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog.pdf.

Dwivedi, Kapildev. (2016). Bhasha Vigyan Evam Bhasha Shastra [Philology and Linguistics]. Varanasi: Vishvavidaya Prakashan.

Greaves, Edwin. (1921). Hindi Grammar. Allahabad: Indian Press.

Guru, Kamta Prasad. (2009 rpt. [1920]). Hindi Vyakaran [Grammar of Hindi]. New Delhi: Prakashan Sansthan.

Koul, Omkar N. (2008). Modern Hindi Grammar. Springfield: Dunwoody Press.

Pahwa, Thakardass. (1919). The Modern Hindustani Scholar; or, The Pucca Munshi. Jhalum: Printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta and published by the author.

Shakespear, John. (1845). An Introduction to the Hindustani Language. Comprising a Grammar, and a Vocabulary, English and Hindustani. London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00shakrich.

Sharan, Ram Lochan. (1920). Hindi Vyakaran Chandrodaya [Chandrodaya Hindi Grammar]. Darbhanga: Hindi Pustak Bhandar.

Sharma, Aryendra. (1994). A Basic Grammar of Hindi. Delhi: Central Hindi Directorate.

Tiwari, Bhola Nath. (1958). Hindi Bhasha ka Saral Vyakaran [A Simple Grammar of Hindi]. Delhi: Rajkamal.

Tiwari, Uday Narayan. (2009). Hindi Bhasha ka Udgam aur Vikas [Origin and Development of Hindi Language]. Allahabad: Lok Bharati, 2009.

Tweedie, J. (1900). Hindustani as It Ought to be Spoken. London: W. Thacker. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/hindstniasitoug00tweegoog/page/n6.

Verma, Ram Chandra. (1961) Manak Hindi Vyakaran [Standard Grammar of Hindi]. Varanasi: The Chaukhambha Vidya Bhawan.

Sources

www.wikihow.com/Learn-Hindi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
Señalamientos del humanismo en la sociedad y la ciudad del consumo
Authors: Vázquez Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: January 2021

ResumenEl compendio de conocimientos y practicas del Humanismo no están incluidos de vocación natural en el proyecto de ciudad para una sociedad industrial y tampoco lo están en la actual metrópoli del consumo. La racionalidad y su materialidad ideológica sostienen el proyecto moderno de sociedad, del cual aun somos dependientes, el consumismo sería una consecuencia que emergió desde este afán de racionalismo permanente. Pero, sin embargo, en tiempos actuales son cada vez más concurrentes las voces de múltiples teórico, urbanistas, académicos y de la población en general sobre la implicación de proyectos y acciones urbanas que impliquen consecuencias humanistas. Desde está base de discusión planteamos el presente trabajo para reflexionar en señalamientos puntuales que puedan aportar algo de claridad sobre los factores que generar la separación histórica entre razón y ser, teniendo como escenario lo referente a la ciudad.
Identificando clústers culturales en el centro de Monterrey. Un análisis de caso
Authors: Garza-Rodríguez Fabiola
Published: January 2021

El uso de la cultura como herramienta y medio de regeneración urbana no es reciente, desde hace ya varias décadas, se ha utilizado para dirigir la revitalización de centros urbanos y barrios degradados. Si bien, existen una gran cantidad de estudios que investigan el fenómeno, hace falta ampliar el debate hacia la etapa del diagnóstico, específicamente hacia el concepto del mapeo cultural como herramienta de análisis. Tomando como caso de estudio el centro de Monterrey, el artículo examina las manifestaciones de cultura en el territorio a partir de la identificación de recursos culturales en el tejido urbano. Se utiliza un método mixto que conjunta datos cuantitativos con métodos cualitativos de análisis como valoraciones de actores clave, observación directa e investigación documental. Los resultados muestran que el centro cuenta con un rico tejido cultural dentro de su trama urbana, el cual debido a la proximidad entre unos y otros permite identificar un clúster cultural en donde suceden dinámicas distintas al resto del territorio. Esta investigación contribuye en mostrar alternativas sobre como analizar la cultura en la geografía urbana. En específico, el trabajo contribuye en el uso y entendimiento de la técnica de mapeo cultural como herramienta de diagnosis e instrumento de análisis socio-urbano en un contexto latinoamericano.
El mapa de los medios públicos de Ecuador: entre el auge y la ambigüedad
Authors: Panchana Macay Allen , Mena Iturralde Lorena
Published: January 2021

El panorama mediático del Ecuador, dominado tradicionalmente por grupos privados, experimentó profundos cambios durante la década del gobierno de Rafael Correa (2007-2017). Bajo el contexto político de una nueva izquierda regional y el establecimiento de una Ley Orgánica de Comunicación, surgieron una serie de empresas de comunicación dependientes del Estado, y su número, según datos oficiales, aparentemente ha seguido creciendo. Con el objetivo de transparentar esta información, este artículo presenta un mapa de medios públicos actualizado hasta diciembre de 2019. En primer lugar, se analizaron los catastros del Consejo de Regulación, Desarrollo y Promoción de la Información y Comunicación. Después, mediante una investigación de campo, que incluyó visitas a medios y entrevistas a ejecutivos y periodistas, se validaron los datos de casi un centenar de empresas. Los resultados del mapeo muestran inconsistencias en la conformación y la operación de ciertos medios públicos con respecto a su concepción ideal y la normativa ecuatoriana; también que la situación de medios privados bajo control del Estado es ambigua; y otros problemas que afectan la veracidad del registro de medios.
TELECOM TANGLED WIRES
Authors: Ahmad Zubair
Published: January 2021

In India upto 1995 landline telephones are using by people of India. The connection of telephone is very limited to the general public and many times user approaches to the M.P., M.L.A. for himself to write a letter in favour for them to get the permission for the telephone connection. In August 1995, then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Jyoti Basu made the first mobile phone call in India to then Union Telecom Minister Sukhram. Sixteen years later 4G services were launched in Kolkata in 2012. When the mobile network launches in India there are two companies who work separately in the field named Usha & Essar.