bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A biodegradable PVA coating constructed on the surface of the implant for preventing bacterial colonization and biofilm formation
Authors: Lei Zhonghua , Liang Haifeng , Sun Wei , Chen Yan , Huang Zhi , Yu Bo
Published: March 2024

Background

Bone implant infections pose a critical challenge in orthopedic surgery, often leading to implant failure. The potential of implant coatings to deter infections by hindering biofilm formation is promising. However, a shortage of cost-effective, efficient, and clinically suitable coatings persists. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a prevalent biomaterial, possesses inherent hydrophilicity, offering potential antibacterial properties.

Methods

This study investigates the PVA solution's capacity to shield implants from bacterial adhesion, suppress bacterial proliferation, and thwart biofilm development. PVA solutions at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were prepared. In vitro assessments evaluated PVA's ability to impede bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The interaction between PVA and mCherry-labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli) was scrutinized, along with PVA’s therapeutic effects in a rat osteomyelitis model.

Results

The PVA solution effectively restrained bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation on titanium implants. PVA solution had no substantial impact on the activity or osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells. Post-operatively, the PVA solution markedly reduced the number of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli colonies surrounding the implant. Imaging and histological scores exhibited significant improvements 2 weeks post-operation. Additionally, no abnormalities were detected in the internal organs of PVA-treated rats.

Conclusions

PVA solution emerges as an economical, uncomplicated, and effective coating material for inhibiting bacterial replication and biofilm formation on implant surfaces, even in high-contamination surgical environments.
Structural brain abnormalities in Pallister-Killian syndrome: a neuroimaging study of 31 children
Authors: Fetta Anna , Toni Francesco , Pettenuzzo Ilaria , Ricci Emilia , Rocca Alessandro , Gambi Caterina , Soliani Luca , Di Pisa Veronica , Martini Silvia , Sperti Giacomo , Cagnazzo Valeria , Accorsi Patrizia , Bartolini Emanuele , Battaglia Domenica , Bernardo Pia , Canevini Maria Paola , Ferrari Anna Rita , Giordano Lucio , Locatelli Chiara , Mancardi Margherita , Orsini Alessandro , Pippucci Tommaso , Pruna Dario , Rosati Anna , Suppiej Agnese , Tagliani Sara , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Vignoli Aglaia , Izumi Kosuke , Krantz Ian , Cordelli Duccio Maria
Published: March 2024

Background

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mosaic tetrasomy of 12p with wide neurological involvement. Intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral problems, epilepsy, sleep disturbances, and brain malformations have been described in most individuals, with a broad phenotypic spectrum. This observational study, conducted through brain MRI scan analysis on a cohort of patients with genetically confirmed PKS, aims to systematically investigate the neuroradiological features of this syndrome and identify the possible existence of a typical pattern. Moreover, a literature review differentiating the different types of neuroimaging data was conducted for comparison with our population.

Results

Thirty-one individuals were enrolled (17 females/14 males; age range 0.1–17.5 years old at first MRI). An experienced pediatric neuroradiologist reviewed brain MRIs, blindly to clinical data. Brain abnormalities were observed in all but one individual (compared to the 34% frequency found in the literature review). Corpus callosum abnormalities were found in 20/30 (67%) patients: 6 had callosal hypoplasia; 8 had global hypoplasia with hypoplastic splenium; 4 had only hypoplastic splenium; and 2 had a thin corpus callosum. Cerebral hypoplasia/atrophy was found in 23/31 (74%) and ventriculomegaly in 20/31 (65%). Other frequent features were the enlargement of the cisterna magna in 15/30 (50%) and polymicrogyria in 14/29 (48%). Conversely, the frequency of the latter was found to be 4% from the literature review. Notably, in our population, polymicrogyria was in the perisylvian area in all 14 cases, and it was bilateral in 10/14.

Conclusions

Brain abnormalities are very common in PKS and occur much more frequently than previously reported. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria was a main aspect of our population. Our findings provide an additional tool for early diagnosis.Further studies to investigate the possible correlations with both genotype and phenotype may help to define the etiopathogenesis of the neurologic phenotype of this syndrome.
The impact of osteogenesis imperfecta severity on oral health-related quality of life in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elfituri Amira Ahmed , De Nova Manuel Joaquín , Najirad Mohammadamin
Published: March 2024

Background

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) affects dental and craniofacial development; therefore, it can influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the severity of OI on OHRQoL in adults older than eighteen years residing in Spain.

Method

Adults with OI were recruited from the Spanish Association of Crystal Bone (AHUCE) foundation. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14sp), oral hygiene habits, and a dental care survey. Clinical and radiological dental examinations were performed to evaluate the patients’ oral conditions.

Results

A total of 65 adults (n = 46 females) aged between nineteen and sixty-two years who were diagnosed with OI and classified as type I, III, and IV (n = 20, 14, and 31, respectively) participated in this research. The total OHIP-14sp scores were significantly greater (worse) for type III (23 [SD = 10]) and type IV (21.4 [SD = 12]) than for type I (13.8 [SD = 6]) (P < 0.05). The negative impact of OHRQoL was due to the association of type III OI with all domains except for the handicap domain, while type IV OI was associated with the physical disability, social disability, and handicap domains (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

The severity of OI negatively impacted OHRQoL in adults. This association was statistically significant.
S100A9+CD14+ monocytes contribute to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy resistance in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma by attenuating T cell-mediated antitumor function
Authors: Tu Xiaoxuan , Chen Longxian , Zheng Yi , Mu Chenglin , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Feiyu , Ren Yiqing , Duan Yingxin , Zhang Hangyu , Tong Zhou , Liu Lulu , Sun Xunqi , Zhao Peng , Wang Lie , Feng Xinhua , Fang Weijia , Liu Xia
Published: March 2024

Background

The paucity of reliable biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a burgeoning concern with the expanding use of immunotherapy. This study endeavors to delve into the potential peripheral biomarkers capable of prognosticating efficacy in HCC patients who are poised to receive anti-PD-1 monotherapy within the phase III clinical trial, KEYNOTE394. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms for resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and propose innovative combination immunotherapy strategies for future clinical application.

Methods

Patient blood samples were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing to evaluate the immune cell signature before receiving ICB therapy. Subsequently, in vitro assays and in vivo murine model experiments were conducted to validate the mechanism that S100A9+CD14+ monocytes play a role in ICB resistance.

Results

Our study demonstrates a notable enrichment of S100A9+CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients exhibiting suboptimal responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, we identified the Mono_S100A9 signature as a predictive biomarker, indicative of reduced efficacy in immunotherapy and decreased survival benefits across various tumor types. Mechanistically, S100A9 activates PD-L1 transcription by directly binding to the CD274 (PD-L1) gene promoter, thereby suppressing T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, consequently diminishing the therapeutic effectiveness of subsequent anti-PD-1 treatments. Furthermore, our in vivo studies revealed that inhibiting S100A9 can synergistically enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 drugs in the eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the significance of S100A9+CD14+ monocytes in predicting inadequate response to ICB treatment and provides insights into the monocyte cell-intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to ICB therapy. We also propose a combined therapeutic approach to enhance ICB efficacy by targeting S100A9.
Lung ultrasound score predicts outcomes in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 treated with non-invasive respiratory support: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Castro-Sayat Mauro , Colaianni-Alfonso Nicolás , Vetrugno Luigi , Olaizola Gustavo , Benay Cristian , Herrera Federico , Saá Yasmine , Montiel Guillermo , Haedo Santiago , Previgliano Ignacio , Toledo Ada , Siroti Catalina
Published: March 2024

Background

Lung ultrasound has demonstrated its usefulness in several respiratory diseases management. One derived score, the Lung Ultrasound (LUS) score, is considered a good outcome predictor in patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). Nevertheless, it has not been tested in patients undergoing non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS). Taking this into account, the aim of this study is to evaluate LUS score as a predictor of 90-day mortality, ETI (Endotracheal intubation) and HFNC (High Flow Nasal Cannula) failure in patients with ARF due to COVID-19 admitted to a Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit (RICU) for NIRS management.

Results

One hundred one patients were admitted to the RICU during the study period. Among these 76% were males and the median age was 55 (45–64) years. Initial ARF management started with HFNC, the next step was the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) devices and the last intervention was ETI and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Of the total study population, CPAP was required in 40%, ETI in 26%, while 15% died. By means of a ROC analysis, a LUS ≥ 25 points was identified as the cut-off point for mortality(AUC 0.81, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.71; p < 0.001), ETI (AUC 0.83, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.70; p < 0.001) and HFNC failure (AUC 0.75, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.41; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves also identified LUS ≥ 25 as a predictor of 90-days mortality (HR 4.16, 95% CI 1.27–13.6) and 30 days ETI as well.

Conclusion

In our study, a ≥ 25 point cut-off of the Lung Ultrasound Score was identified as a good outcome prediction factor for 90-days mortality, ETI and HFNC failure in a COVID-19 ARF patients cohort treated in a RICU. Considering that LUS score is easy to calculate, a multicenter study to confirm our findings should be performed.
Teriparatide and clodronate combination as a potential treatment for complex regional pain syndrome type I in delayed consolidation after foot surgery: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Di Sacco F. , Antognetti D. , Ciapini G. , Nicastro M. , Scaglione M. , Bottai V.
Published: March 2024

Background

Complex regional pain syndrome type I is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated response of tissues to low or moderate pain stimuli. The exact pathogenesis and optimal medical treatment for complex regional pain syndrome type I are still not fully understood, although bisphosphonates have shown positive effects in reducing pain. Foot surgery can be complicated by the development of complex regional pain syndrome type I, leading to functional decline and difficulties in weight-bearing.

Case presentation

The authors present a clinical case involving complex regional pain syndrome type I that developed after surgical foot arthrodesis. The patient, a 42-year-old Caucasian male, did not respond to clodronate treatment but experienced successful outcomes upon the addition of teriparatide, which effectively stimulated the healing of arthrodesis.

Conclusion

Teriparatide cannot be considered the primary treatment for complex regional pain syndrome due to insufficient solid clinical data. However, when complex regional pain syndrome is associated with or caused by delayed union, teriparatide can be used to address the underlying cause of complex regional pain syndrome.
Orbital infarction syndrome following mechanical thrombectomy in internal carotid artery occlusion: a case report
Authors: Tran Binh Q. , Nguyen Lanh C. , Trinh Tinh T. , Vo An T. T. , Do Minh V. , Tran Minh Q. , Tran Khanh C. , Tran Loan H. T. , Ha Duc T.
Published: March 2024

Background

Orbital ischemic syndrome is a rare entity. The clinical signs typically demonstrate acute loss of visual acuity, chemosis, proptosis, ptosis, and total ophthalmoparesis. We report a case of a man who suffered an acute internal carotid artery occlusion and developed orbital ischemic syndrome after a mechanical thrombectomy.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old Vietnamese (Kinh ethnicity) man was brought to the emergency room with complaints of a speech disturbance, facial palsy, and severe weakness of the left arm and leg, which had started 4 hours earlier, after waking up. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 12 (NIHSS 12) revealed the neurological score at admission. A head computed tomography scan showed no intracranial bleeding and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) of 8 on the right brain. Computed tomography angiography showed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. After that, a mechanical thrombectomy was performed, and the internal carotid artery was completely reperfused. After 10 hours, he experienced orbital pain, proptosis, ptosis, chemosis, and ophthalmoplegia of the right orbit. He also had acute loss of visual acuity, and fundoscopic examination revealed papilledema, no retinal hemorrhage, and no bruit in orbital auscultation. Intraocular pressure in the right eye was measured at 50.5 mmHg. Computed tomography angiography showed no carotid–cavernous fistula, but slight enlargement of the right medial and lateral rectus muscles. He was treated with steroids and hyperosmolar agents and recovered 7 days later, but had persistent loss of visual acuity in the right eye.

Conclusion

Orbital ischemic syndrome is a rare complication after mechanical thrombectomy treatment in acute ischemic stroke that can lead to loss of visual acuity.
Cancelable templates for secure face verification based on deep learning and random projections
Authors: Ali Arslan , Migliorati Andrea , Bianchi Tiziano , Magli Enrico
Published: March 2024

Recently, biometric recognition has become a significant field of research. The concept of cancelable biometrics (CB) has been introduced to address security concerns related to the handling of sensitive data. In this paper, we address unconstrained face verification by proposing a deep cancelable framework called BiometricNet+ that employs random projections (RP) to conceal face images and compressive sensing (CS) to reconstruct measurements in the original domain. Our lightweight design enforces the properties of unlinkability, revocability, and non-invertibility of the templates while preserving face recognition accuracy. We compare facial features by learning a regularized metric: at training time, we jointly learn facial features and the metric such that matching and non-matching pairs are mapped onto latent target distributions; then, for biometric verification, features are randomly projected via random matrices changed at every enrollment and query and reconstructed before the latent space mapping is computed. We assess the face recognition accuracy of our framework on challenging datasets such as LFW, CALFW, CPLFW, AgeDB, YTF, CFP, and RFW, showing notable improvements over state-of-the-art techniques while meeting the criteria for secure cancelable template design. Since our method requires no fine-tuning of the learned features, it can be applied to pre-trained networks to increase sensitive data protection.
Nutritional anthropology in the world
Authors: Ulijaszek Stanley
Published: March 2024

Nutritional anthropology is the study of human subsistence, diet and nutrition in comparative social and evolutionary perspective. Many factors influence the nutritional health and well-being of populations, including evolutionary, ecological, social, cultural and historical ones. Most usually, biocultural approaches are used in nutritional anthropology, incorporating methods and theory from social science as well as nutritional and evolutionary science. This review describes approaches used in the nutritional anthropology of past and present-day societies. Issues of concern for nutritional anthropology in the world now include: understanding how undernutrition and food insecurity are produced at local, regional and international levels; how food systems are constructed using social, biological and biocultural perspectives; and obesity from a biocultural viewpoint. By critiquing framings of present-day diet in an evolutionary context, nutritional anthropology asks ‘what should be eaten?’, rather than ‘what can be eaten?’, and ‘how cheaply can people be fed?’.
Betaine addition to the diet alleviates intestinal injury in growing rabbits during the summer heat through the AAT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Zimei , Pu Junning , Chen Xiang , Chen Yanbin , Peng Xiaoyan , Cai Jingyi , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Tian Gang
Published: March 2024

Background

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine (Bet) inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat. A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61 ± 38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups: control group (basal diet) and Bet groups (basal diet + 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet). The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48 °C and the relative humidity was 69.44%.

Results

Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits (P > 0.05), but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat (P < 0.05). Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4, down-regulated ileal TNF-α expression (P < 0.05). The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height (VH) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Serum glucose levels were reduced, and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet (P < 0.05). When added at 2.0 g/kg, Bet reduced serum HSP70 content, increased jejunal VH, and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6, SLC38A2, mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6, SLC38A2, SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway, improve the intestinal immune function, alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat, and improve intestinal health.
Analysing the glaze of a medieval ceramic fragment from the Durres Amphitheater in Albania
Authors: Perna Maria Grazia , Falcone Francesca , Casolino Chiara , Metalla Elvana , Rosatelli Gianluigi , Antonelli Sonia , Stoppa Francesco
Published: March 2024

The paper analyses the glaze of a ceramic sherd found in the southern sector of the Durres amphitheatre. Specifically, the sherd was found in a layer datable to the late 12th to early 13th century, which can be interpreted as a dismissal layer of a pottery kiln in use between the early and second half of the 12th century. The glaze was analysed using SEM–EDS and Total XRF techniques. The green-ocean glaze with a blue-sky decoration of the fragment has As-Co and Pb–Sn-Si compounds as pigments and phosphorous as a modifying agent and a flux. The glaze composition is SiO2 47.6 wt.%, TiO2 0.22 wt.%, Al2O3 4.08 wt.%, FeOtotal 0.22 wt.%, MnO 0.08 wt.%, MgO 0.23 wt.%, CaO 2.51 wt.%, Na2O 1.55 wt.%, K2O 5.16 wt.%, P2O5 3.01 wt.%, SnO2 4.13 wt.%, As2O5 4.13 wt.%, PbO 25.4 wt%. Fe is expressed as FeOtotal. The trace elements composition (ppm) is Co 3684, Ni 1023, Cu 819, Zn 3070, Bi 3172, and Sr 205. We introduced a robust glaze classification scheme based on chemistry. This scheme categories the glaze as alkaline-lead SnO2-opacified. We examined uncommon compounds formed in various textural contexts to establish the production origin and technique peculiarity. The glaze glasses form three different compositional domains: one represents the parental high-temperature initial glass composition, and two are related to immiscible segregations forming at lower temperatures. Five phases of the apatite supergroup were identified, along with other phases distributed throughout the glaze. The compounds present, such as Pb and Sn silicates, leucite, and k-feldspar and their balances, constrain the firing temperature to 720 ℃ and 900 ℃, respectively.
Risk factors for arterial catheter failure and complications during critical care hospitalisation: a secondary analysis of a multisite, randomised trial
Authors: Schults Jessica A. , Young Emily R. , Marsh Nicole , Larsen Emily , Corley Amanda , Ware Robert S. , Murgo Marghie , Alexandrou Evan , McGrail Matthew , Gowardman John , Charles Karina R. , Regli Adrian , Yasuda Hideto , Rickard Claire M. ,   the RSVP Study Investigators
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Arterial catheters (ACs) are critical for haemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling but are prone to complications. We investigated the incidence and risk factors of AC failure.

Methods

Secondary analysis of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (ACTRN 12610000505000). Analysis included a subset of adult intensive care unit patients with an AC. The primary outcome was all-cause device failure. Secondary outcomes were catheter associated bloodstream infection (CABSI), suspected CABSI, occlusion, thrombosis, accidental removal, pain, and line fracture. Risk factors associated with AC failure were investigated using Cox proportional hazards and competing-risk models.

Results

Of 664 patients, 173 (26%) experienced AC failure (incidence rate [IR] 37/1000 catheter days). Suspected CABSI was the most common failure type (11%; IR 15.3/1000 catheter days), followed by occlusion (8%; IR 11.9/1,000 catheter days), and accidental removal (4%; IR 5.5/1000 catheter days). CABSI occurred in 16 (2%) patients. All-cause failure and occlusion were reduced with ultrasound-assisted insertion (failure: adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.25, 0.76; occlusion: sub-HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03, 0.43). Increased age was associated with less AC failure (60–74 years HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.89; 75 + years HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.20, 0.64; referent 15–59 years). Females experienced more occlusion (adjusted sub-HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.49, 4.29), while patients with diabetes had less (SHR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04, 0.63). Suspected CABSI was associated with an abnormal insertion site appearance (SHR 2.71, 95% CI 1.48, 4.99).

Conclusions

AC failure is common with ultrasound-guided insertion associated with lower failure rates.

Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN 12610000505000); date registered: 18 June 2010.
Combined resection of lung cancer and thoracic aortic wall with simultaneous thoracic aortic endografting: a case report
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Furukawa Nao , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Aratame Atsutaka , Baba Toshio , Okabe Kazunori
Published: March 2024

Background

Combined resection of lung cancer and the thoracic aortic wall with thoracic aortic endografting has been reported. However, whether the resection and endografting should be performed simultaneously or in two steps remains controversial.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of left chest pain. Chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a huge tumor of the left lower lung lobe, and invasion to the aortic wall was suspected. Bronchoscopic examination was performed, revealing squamous cell carcinoma with a programmed death ligand 1 expression level of 90%. The clinical stage was T4N0M0 stage 3A. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we performed one-stage surgery with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position and the left inguinal region exposed for femoral vessel isolation. Posterolateral thoracotomy was performed with making a latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The pulmonary artery, vein, and left lower bronchus were cut with a stapler. After hilar isolation, we evaluated the involvement of the descending aorta and marked the area of the involved aortic wall by a surgical clip. Using the left femoral artery approach, a GORE TAG conformable thoracic stent graft was delivered to the descending aorta. After thoracic aortic endografting, the involved aortic wall was resected and the left lower lobe of the lung and resected aortic wall were resected en bloc. The adventitial defect was covered by the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The operating time was 474 min, and the blood loss volume was 330 mL. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor mutation of exon 19 deletion. The residual viable tumor was 7 mm in diameter and close to the resected aortic wall. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Five days after surgery, chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed no endoleak or stent migration. Three months after surgery, he was alive with neither recurrence nor stent graft-related complications.

Conclusions

One-stage surgery involving combined resection of lung cancer and the thoracic aortic wall with simultaneous thoracic aortic endografting in the right lateral decubitus position with the left inguinal region exposed is safe and acceptable.
Historical fire regimes from red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) across the Tension Zone in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan USA
Authors: Stambaugh Michael C. , Marschall Joseph M. , Abadir Erin R. , Guyette Richard P. , Dey Daniel C.
Published: March 2024

Currently, no multiple century fire scar records have been constructed in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA, a region where historical vegetation ranged from prairies and oak-dominated woodlands in the south to conifer-northern hardwood forests and swamps to the north. The western portion of the Huron-Manistee National Forests is located within this strong vegetation transition (i.e., “Tension Zone”) and, based on this study, has well-preserved remnant red pine trees dating back to at least the late 1400s with fire scars dating back to 1523. From fire scar records constructed at four study sites, we documented historical fires as having a wide range of fire intervals and seasonalities. A general timeline of fire activity changes in this region can be described as relatively frequent fire in the pre- and early-European contact eras, variable and generally less fire from this point forward until the period of major logging activities after which fire frequency was significantly increased. Historical fires were associated with drought in the year of fire. Some broad synchronies of fire occurrence existed among sites such as 3 of 4 sites recording fires in years 1717, 1774, and 1829. Interestingly, these years were not exceptionally dry nor among the driest fire years. Future development of fire scar records will likely improve spatio-temporal characterization of regional fire regimes including understanding of human-climate-fire dynamics.
Galleria mellonella in vitro model for chromoblastomycosis shows large differences in virulence between isolates
Authors: Shi Dongmei , Yang Zhiya , Liao Wanqing , Liu Chen , Zhao Liang , Su Huilin , Wang Xiaodong , Mei Huan , Chen Min , Song Yinggai , de Hoog Sybren , Deng Shuwen
Published: March 2024

Background

Chromoblastomycosis is the World Health Organization (WHO)-recognized fungal implantation disease that eventually leads to severe mutilation. Cladophialophora carrionii (C. carrionii) is one of the agents. However, the pathogenesis of C. carrionii is not fully investigated yet.

Methods

We investigated the pathogenic potential of the fungus in a Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae infection model. Six strains of C. carrionii, and three of its environmental relative C. yegresii were tested. The G. mellonella model was also applied to determine antifungal efficacy of amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and terbinafine.

Results

All strains were able to infect the larvae, but virulence potentials were strain-specific and showed no correlation with clinical background of the respective isolate. Survival of larvae also varied with infection dose, and with growth speed and melanization of the fungus. Posaconazole and voriconazole exhibited best activity against Cladophialophora, followed by itraconazole and terbinafine, while limited efficacy was seen for amphotericin B.

Conclusion

Infection behavior deviates significantly between strains. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of tested strains only partly explained the limited treatment efficacy in vivo.
Bacterial endocarditis caused by contact lens usage
Authors: Ishikawa Susumu , Matsunaga Hiroki , Mishima Hideki , Katayama Yasushi , Yuri Koichi , Ohashi Koichi , Abe Daisuke
Published: March 2024

A 17-year-old female was transferred to our hospital due to high fever, general fatigue, and dim eyesight. Three weeks before, she had used cosmetic colored contact lenses and then suffered from bloodshot eyes associated with dim eyesight. Intermittent fever and general fatigue were followed by eye symptoms. Echocardiography revealed moving vegetation on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve associated with mild mitral valve regurgitation. There were no infectious sites in systemic examinations; thus, the cause of infective endocarditis was considered the infection due to contact lens usage. The patient initially received mitral valve plasty associated with the removal of infective sites. However, redo surgery was necessary 19 days later due to the relapse of infection, and the mitral valve was replaced by bioprosthesis. Traumatic injury of vessels due to inappropriate contact lens usage seemed to lead to systemic hematogenous infection and subsequent endocarditis. We report a rare case of infective endocarditis which was caused by contact lens usage.
Quality by Design Framework Applied to GMMA Purification
Authors: Giannelli Carlo , Necchi Francesca , Palmieri Elena , Oldrini Davide , Ricchetti Beatrice , Papathanasiou Maria M. , Kis Zoltan , Kontoravdi Cleo , Campa Cristiana , Micoli Francesca
Published: March 2024

In recent years, Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) have received increased attention as an innovative vaccine platform against bacterial pathogens, particularly attractive for low- and middle-income countries because of manufacturing simplicity. The assessment of critical quality attributes (CQAs), product-process interactions, identification of appropriate in process analytical methods, and process modeling is part of a robust quality by design (QbD) framework to support further development and control of manufacturing processes. QbD implementation in the context of the GMMA platform will ensure robust manufacturing of batches with desired characteristics, facilitating technical transfer to local manufacturers, regulatory approval, and commercialization of vaccines based on this technology. Here, we summarize the methodology suggested, applied to a first step of GMMA manufacturing process.

Graphical Abstract
Etiology and Management of Recurrent and Persistent Hemifacial Spasm—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Al Mutawa Mariam , Matthes Marc , Schroeder Henry W. S. , Weidemeier Martin E.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Despite a 90% success rate, microvascular decompression occasionally fails to resolve hemifacial spasm (HFS), necessitating revision surgery. We investigated recurrent cases to identify underlying causes.

METHODS:

We evaluated patients at our institution who underwent revision microvascular decompression because of recurrent or persistent HFS, assessing recurrence causes, decompression techniques, complications, and outcomes. Data considered included demographics, preoperative symptoms, disease duration, offending vessel, and magnetic resonance findings. Surgical notes and intraoperative videos were reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted for recent outcomes.

RESULTS:

Out of our ongoing series of 493 patients, 43 patients (8.7%) required revision surgery with a patient cohort of 33 females and 10 males. The average symptom duration was 10 years. The median time between primary and revision surgery was 14 months. Thirteen patients (30.2%) underwent initial surgery elsewhere. Adhesions of Teflon pledgets to the facial nerve were the primary cause of nonresolution in 23 patients (53.5%), while in 13 (30.2%), a missed vascular compression was identified. Sixteen patients (37.2%) had sufficient decompression by removing the conflicting pledgets. During 10 revisions (23.3%), additional Teflon pledgets were necessary. After a median follow-up of 67 months after revision surgery, 27 patients (62.8%) reported complete spasm resolution. Six patients (14.0%) had a good outcome with over 90% reduction of their spasms, 3 patients (7.0%) stated a fair outcome (50% improvement), while 7 patients (16.3%) had no improvement.

CONCLUSION:

According to our results, adhesions of Teflon to the facial nerve may cause HFS recurrence. Therefore, whenever possible, Teflon should be placed without nerve contact between the brainstem and the offending vessel. Using a sling or bridge technique seems to be beneficial because it leaves the facial nerve completely free. Persistent symptoms often result from missed offending vessels in the pontomedullary sulcus indicating the benefit of endoscopic inspection of this area with an endoscope.
Digital twin method and application practice of spacecraft system driven by mechanism data
Authors: Lei Huang , Fanli Zhou , Wei Wang , Shuai Shang , Haocheng Zhou
Published: March 2024

Spacecrafts are large-scale systems characterized by various on-orbit configurations, multi-disciplinary coupling, and complex mission modes. Research and exploration on the data-driven spacecraft digital twins development methods must be carried out to satisfy various requirements such as spacecraft on-orbit condition monitoring and risk warning, fast flight conditions predictions, intelligent failure location, and virtual verification of failure. In this paper, significant progress is made in multiple key technologies, such as cyber-physical system modeling and simulation, hybrid modeling and model evolution through mechanism-data fusion, and interactive virtual-reality perception and mapping. The spacecraft digital twins’ model is constructed, and the spacecraft digital twin’s platform is designed and developed. Multiple digital twins’ application scenarios, such as on-orbit mission simulation and emulation, real-time interactive monitoring, and fast operating condition prediction, are supported. The research results are applied to the key on-orbit operation tasks, such as entering orbit, rendezvous and docking, position conversion, and astronaut exiting, enabling system-level digital operation for the sub-systems of spacecraft such as energy, power, control, and communication sub-systems.
The Investment development path theory: Evidence from developing countries’ agricultural sector
Authors: Djokoto Justice Gameli , Agyei-Henaku Kofi Aaron A-O , Badu-Prah Charlotte
Published: March 2024

Background We examined the investment development path (IDP) through the perspective of developing countries’ agricultural sector. Our analytical approach indirectly accounts for interactions among countries regarding cross-border resource transfers. Aside from providing knowledge on testing the IDP by inferential statistics, the information would be relevant for policymaking. Identifying the stage(s) in the IDP not only highlights the global appeal of agriculture but also guides firms seeking to expand beyond borders. This information is essential for developing an effective economic strategy. Methods We employed data from 1991 to 2021 for 55 countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) and applied a fixed effects estimator corrected for serial correlation and non-constant variances. Results and conclusions We found that agriculture in developing countries is currently in stages I and II of the IDP. Broadly, agricultural production requires policies that would increase outward foreign direct investment and inward foreign direct investment. Domestic agricultural businesses in developing countries must develop capacity by learning from foreign multinationals. This would enable agricultural businesses to invest abroad. Such a move would lead to an increase in outward FDI. As this would have resulted from increased GDP per capita, it will lead to movement from the existing stage to higher ones.
Translating nanoEHS data using EPA NaKnowBase and the resource description framework
Authors: Mortensen Holly M. , Beach Bradley , Slaughter Weston , Senn Jonathan , Williams Antony , Boyes William
Published: March 2024

Background The U.S. Federal Government has supported the generation of extensive amounts of nanomaterials and related nano Environmental Health and Safety (nanoEHS) data, there is a need to make these data available to stakeholders. With recent efforts, a need for improved interoperability, translation, and sustainability of Federal nanoEHS data in the United States has been realized. The NaKnowBase (NKB) is a relational database containing experimental results generated by the EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) regarding the actions of engineered nanomaterials on environmental and biological systems. Through the interaction of the National Nanotechnology Initiative’s Nanotechnology Environmental Health Implications (NEHI) Working Group, and the Database and Informatics Interest Group (DIIG), a U.S. Federal nanoEHS Consortium has been formed. Methods The primary goal of this consortium is to establish a “common language” for nanoEHS data that aligns with FAIR data standards. A second goal is to overcome nomenclature issues inherent to nanomaterials data, ultimately allowing data sharing and interoperability across the diverse U.S. Federal nanoEHS data compendium, but also in keeping a level of consistency that will allow interoperability with U.S. and European partners. The most recent version of the EPA NaKnowBase (NKB) has been implemented for semantic integration. Computational code has been developed to use each NKB record as input, modify and filter table data, and subsequently output each modified record to a Research Description Framework (RDF). To improve the accuracy and efficiency of this process the EPA has created the OntoSearcher tool. This tool partially automates the ontology mapping process, thereby reducing onerous manual curation. Conclusions Here we describe the efforts of the US EPA in promoting FAIR data standards for Federal nanoEHS data through semantic integration, as well as in the development of NAMs (computational tools) to facilitate these improvements for nanoEHS data at the Federal partner level.
Freshwater systems in the Anthropocene: why we need to evaluate microplastics in the context of multiple stressors
Authors: Giles Rachel K. , Hamilton Bonnie M.
Published: March 2024

Microplastics are a diverse contaminant with complex physical and chemical properties. While microplastics have varying effects, most studies to date have focused on evaluating microplastics as a single stressor under stable environmental conditions. In reality, organisms are exposed to more than microplastics, and thus, it will be increasingly important to evaluate the effects of microplastics in the context of multiple anthropogenic stressors. Here, we highlight the need to assess the physical and chemical effects of microplastics, as well as their interactions with other anthropogenic stressors, at multiple levels of biological organization (i.e., sub-organismal, individual, population, community, ecosystem). We also outline research priorities and recommendations that will facilitate ecotoxicological assessments to better encompass the multidimensionality of microplastics as environmental conditions continue to change. By taking a multi-stressor ecotoxicological approach, we can work toward a better understanding of microplastic and other stressor effects at multiple levels of biological organization to help inform robust, evidenced-based policy and management decisions.
Ethanol consumption during gestation promotes placental alterations in IGF-1 deficient placentas
Authors: Martín-Estal Irene , Fajardo-Ramírez Oscar R , Bermúdez De León Mario , Zertuche-Mery Carolina , Rodríguez-Mendoza Diego , Gómez-Álvarez Patricio , Galindo-Rangel Marcela , Leal López Andrea , Castilla-Cortázar Inma , Castorena-Torres Fabiola
Published: March 2024

Background During pregnancy, the placenta is an extremely important organ as it secretes its own hormones, e.g. insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), to ensure proper intrauterine fetal growth and development. Ethanol, an addictive and widely used drug, has numerous adverse effects during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). To date, the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol triggers its toxic effects during pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, are not entirely known. For this reason, a murine model of partial IGF-1 deficiency was used to determine ethanol alterations in placental morphology and AAH expression. Methods Heterozygous (HZ, Igf1+/- ) female mice were given 10% ethanol during 14 days as an acclimation period and throughout pregnancy. HZ female mice given water were used as controls. At gestational day 19, pregnant dams were sacrificed, placentas were collected and genotyped for subsequent studies. Results IGF-1 deficiency and ethanol consumption during pregnancy altered placental morphology, and decreased placental efficiency and aspartyl/asparaginyl β-hydroxylase (AAH) expression in placentas from all genotypes. No differences were found in Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r and Igf2r mRNA expression in placentas from all groups. Conclusions IGF-1 deficiency and ethanol consumption throughout gestation altered placental development, suggesting the crucial role of IGF-1 in the establishment of an adequate intrauterine environment that allows fetal growth. However, more studies are needed to study the precise mechanism to stablish the relation between both insults.
Perceptions and experiences of intravenous iron treatment for anaemia in pregnancy in Malawi: a formative qualitative study
Authors: Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Kufankomwe Macdonald , Chatha Gertrude , Chipeta Effie , Mamani-Mategula Elisabeth , Mwangi Martin N. , Kelaher Magaret , Prang Khic-Houy , Ataíde Ricardo , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Phiri Kamija Samuel
Published: March 2024

Background The study objective was to explore opinions, identify experiences, and describe perspectives on the acceptability of intravenous (IV) iron to treat anaemia in pregnancy and identify potential barriers and facilitators of introducing IV iron in the Malawian healthcare system. Methods We conducted 15 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions with pregnant women, and seven in-depth interviews with health workers at a community-based health centre in Blantyre and a tertiary hospital in Zomba. Results Most women who used IV iron treatment during the second trimester of pregnancy reported feeling better and stronger after receiving the intervention. Women perceived that IV iron treatment worked faster than oral iron tablets and increased their haemoglobin count. However, cultural beliefs that IV iron treatment will cause miscarriage and the perception that study procedures involved Satanism and vampirism practices were barriers to acceptability. Health workers found IV iron treatment easy to administer because it is a single-dose treatment, simultaneously reducing the burden for pregnant women taking daily oral iron tablets. However, health workers expressed concerns about the costs and the need to train health workers before the large-scale implementation and integration of IV iron treatment into Malawi’s routine care. Conclusions Despite the perceived concerns and challenges experienced in participating in the first IV iron infusion trial in Malawi, participants’ reflections suggest that IV iron infusion is acceptable for treating iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Participant advocate groups can offer a peer-to-peer education approach to sensitize and engage community members on the benefits of treatment and dispel concerns when the country contemplates integrating IV iron infusion for treating anaemia in pregnancy in Malawi.
The ‘green’ agreement between the European Union and Japan
Authors: Wróbel Izabela
Published: March 2024

In the European Green Deal, the European Commission expressed its will to build alliances with European Union’s (EU) partners who have a similar approach to environmental protection. The first green alliance was concluded by the EU with Japan on 27 May 2021. The paper presents an analysis of the content and nature of this alliance, the aim of which is to assess its potential effectiveness as an instrument for the implementation of the European Green Deal and its possible impact on international relations and respectively EU, national, and international legal norms in the field of the environment. As shown in this study, the first green alliance is not a model solution. On the one hand, this instrument requires a formal correction (involving Member States and relevant EU institutions in adopting any amendments in line with the principles of division of competences between the EU and its Member States and institutional balance, clarification of the nature of obligations), on the other hand, it is deeply embedded in the unique international legal framework of EU-Japanese relations. However, the first green alliance has great potential to influence the EU's relations with other third countries and the content of the resulting legal norms at various levels.
The genome sequence of the Summer Chafer, Amphimallon solstitiale (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Crowley Liam M. , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Amphimallon solstitiale (the Summer Chafer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae). The genome sequence is 1,584.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.29 kilobases in length.