bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belonging Interrupted: Toward an Understanding of How Virtual Learning Impedes Women Students’ Belonging in Engineering
Authors: DeAngelo Linda , Lewis Danielle V. , McGreevy Erica
Published: May 2024

Although the effects of COVID-19 were felt by all students, the pandemic exacerbated the barriers to belonging for women in engineering. Little work to date has investigated women’s experiences during the pandemic in disciplines that are hallmarked by masculinity. What scholarship has been completed on pandemic-necessitated virtual instruction has not examined how women’s experiences and sense of belonging differed by the college year in which this disruption in their learning environment occurred. Utilizing data from seven focus groups conducted in March 2022 with 22 students, this study investigates how pandemic-induced virtual instruction is related to sense of belonging for women within their engineering majors. We found not only that the disruption caused by the pandemic had differential outcomes for students, but that these differences were mainly related to the year in which pandemic-induced virtual instruction occurred. This study highlights the importance of focusing on belonging and related issues as women transition into their major. We offer implications and recommendations for practice and research based on the differential outcomes found.
Stepping Together for Children After Trauma (ST-CT): Feasibility and Predictors of Outcome of a Parent-led, Therapist Assisted Treatment
Authors: Ormhaug Silje M. , Skjærvø Ingeborg , Dyrdal Gunvor M. , Fagermoen Else Merete , Haabrekke Kristin J. , Jensen Tine K. , Knutsen Marie L. , Næss Anders , Päivärinne Heidi Maria , Martinsen Marianne
Published: May 2024

Stepping Together for Children after Trauma (ST-CT) is the first step of the promising intervention Stepped Care CBT for Children after Trauma. In ST-CT, the task of leading treatment is partially shifted to the parents, and the child and parent work together to complete therapeutic tasks from a workbook with therapist supervision. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of ST-CT in Norwegian first line services and explore child factors predicting outcome. Eighty-two children (mean age 9.9 years, 56% girls) participated. Feasibility was defined by treatment completion, reductions of child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) mid- and post-treatment, and client treatment satisfaction. Predictors included child baseline PTSS, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, externalizing symptoms, number of different traumatic events, and type of trauma. Results showed that rates of completion (78.0%) and response (81% of completers/59.8% intention-to-treat) were comparable to previous studies by the ST-CT developer. Overall treatment effect was d = 2.46 and client treatment satisfaction was high (mean score child: 8.3, parent: 9.0, on a scale from 0 – 10). Higher baseline PTSS and depressive symptoms predicted poorer outcome at both mid- and post-treatment, while more posttraumatic cognitions, and exposure to interpersonal trauma predicted poorer outcome at mid-treatment only. These associations were no longer significant in the fully adjusted models. In conclusion, ST-CT shows promise as an effective first line treatment in this new context, with two of three children responding to the treatment. Baseline PTSS, depression, post-traumatic cognitions and type of trauma may be related to outcomes and should be explored further. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04073862. Retrospectively registered June 3rd 2019, first patient recruited May 19th 2019).
Influence of canopy structural complexity on urban woodland butterfly species richness
Authors: Neal Willow , Araya Yoseph , Wheeler Philip M.
Published: May 2024

As urban land use expands, understanding the conservation of biodiversity in urban settings becomes increasingly important. Urban areas contain a wide range of remnant natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic woodlands but the biodiversity of these woodlands is not well studied. Urban woodlands are usually constrained in size and subject to management which may not be focused on promoting biodiversity. As a habitat of critical importance, the characteristics of urban woodlands need to be better understood to maximise their biodiversity within a limited footprint in the urban landscape. We used repeat line-transect surveys and rapid woodland structure habitat assessments to investigate the habitat associations of butterflies in ten woodland patches representing a range of sizes (between 1 and 40 ha), ages and woodland characteristics in the urban habitat matrix of Milton Keynes, UK. We found that ancient woodland sites supported every species detected, but the butterfly communities of amenity and roadside woodlands had similar species richness, diversity and abundance, regardless of size. Butterfly species richness was strongly associated with both woodland area and structural complexity at a site-scale, but only with structural complexity on a transect scale. Simpson diversity showed no correlation with any variable at the site scale, but strong correlation with structural complexity on transects. Abundance only correlated with area at the site scale. Our results suggest that management techniques that introduce structural complexity within urban woodlands may be an effective way to support butterfly richness and diversity in contexts where woodland areas cannot be increased.
3D-printed scaffolds for tissue engineering applications using thermosensitive hydrogels based on biopolymer blends
Authors: Koumentakou Ioanna , Michopoulou Anna , Noordam Michiel Jan , Terzopoulou Zoi , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: May 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology for the construction of complex 3D constructs used for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we are proposing the preparation of 3D printing hydrogel inks consisting of the synthetic polymers poly(caprolactone) and poly(lactic acid), the biopolymer chitosan, and naturally derived gelatin. In addition, pluronic F-127 was used to improve the miscibility between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components due to its amphiphilic character, as well as for its good 3D printability. The printability of the hydrogel inks was optimized by varying the composition, the extrusion nozzle, and the temperature, while the integrity of the 3D scaffolds was secured via sol–gel transition. The produced hydrogels with PCL-pluronic-chitosan-gelatin/15-20-4-2 wt% (PC3.75-Pl5-CG) and PLA-pluronic-chitosan-gelatin/10-20-4-2 wt% (PL2.5-Pl5-CG) presented the best printability, producing smooth and uniform porous scaffolds. The prepared hydrogels were formed via the interactions between the polymers through hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the produced hydrogels exhibited temperature-dependent swelling behavior, and the scaffolds with PCL presented lower swelling capacity than the scaffolds with PLA. The produced scaffolds presented slower hydrolyzation rate in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 25 °C compared to 37 °C. Biological studies proved that the 3D-printed porous scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and promoted human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell adhesion.

Graphical abstract
Molecular breeding of flower load related traits in dioecious autotetraploid Actinidia arguta
Authors: Mertten Daniel , McKenzie Catherine M. , Souleyre Edwige J. F. , Amadeu Rodrigo R. , Lenhard Michael , Baldwin Samantha , Datson Paul M.
Published: May 2024

Flowering plants exhibit a wide range of sexual reproduction systems, with the majority being hermaphroditic. However, some plants, such as Actinidia arguta (kiwiberry), have evolved into dioecious species with distinct female and male vines. In this study, we investigated the flower load and growth habits of female kiwiberry genotypes to identify the genetic basis of high yield with low maintenance requirements. Owing to the different selection approaches between female and male genotypes, we further extended our study to male kiwiberry genotypes. By combining both investigations, we present a novel breeding tool for dioecious crops. A population of A. arguta seedlings was phenotyped for flower load traits, in particular the proportion of non-floral shoots, proportion of floral shoots, and average number of flowers per floral shoot. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to analyse the genetic basis of these traits. We identified putative QTLs on chromosome 3 associated with flower-load traits. A pleiotropic effect of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) on chromosome 3 affecting flower load-related traits between female and male vines was observed in an A. arguta breeding population. Furthermore, we utilized Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) to predict breeding values for the quantitative traits by leveraging genomic data. This approach allowed us to identify and select superior genotypes. Our findings contribute to the understanding of flowering and fruiting dynamics in Actinidia species, providing insights for kiwiberry breeding programs aiming to improve yield through the utilization of genomic methods and trait mapping.
Advancements in skin cancer classification: a review of machine learning techniques in clinical image analysis
Authors: Yang Guang , Luo Suhuai , Greer Peter
Published: May 2024

Early detection of skin cancer from skin lesion images using visual inspection can be challenging. In recent years, research in applying deep learning models to assist in the diagnosis of skin cancer has achieved impressive results. State-of-the-art techniques have shown high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with dermatologists. However, the analysis of dermoscopy images with deep learning models still faces several challenges, including image segmentation, noise filtering and image capture environment inconsistency. After making the introduction to the topic, this paper firstly presents the components of machine learning-based skin cancer diagnosis. It then presents the literature review on the current advance in machine learning approaches for skin cancer classification, which covers both the traditional machine learning approaches and deep learning approaches. The paper also presents the current challenges and future directions for skin cancer classification using machine learning approaches.
How important is carbon sequestration in phytoliths within the soil?
Authors: de Tombeur Félix , Hodson Martin J. , Saunders Martin , Clode Peta L.
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

An overlooked fraction of the terrestrial carbon (C) pool is that associated with biogenic silica deposited in plants (phytoliths), so-called PhytOC. This fraction is small compared with the main C pools, but is of interest because it could be a long-term C sink as phytoliths may protect organic C from mineralization. However, the topic is hotly contested and unclear due to both methodological and theoretical limitations.

Scope

We aim to review this topic, with specific emphasis on: (i) the range of C concentrations associated with phytoliths; (ii) soil phytolith preservation and subsequent organic C mineralization; and (iii) global estimates of C sequestration within PhytOC.

Conclusions

Recent work has suggested that [PhytOC] could be much greater than currently acknowledged, but also highly variable and dependent on cell silicification types. A short case study using cryo‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo-SEM), X‐ray microanalysis (EDX), plus Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) on the culms of a sedge (Schoenus caespititius) confirmed this thinking. Understanding of both phytolith and PhytOC fates in soil is poor. We suggest that phytolith residence time should be seen as a gradient. Such a continuum is explained by different phytolith sizes, types and chemistry, which will also have contrasting PhytOC. Our estimation of C sequestration as PhytOC each year (11–190 Tg C yr−1) represents between < 1% and 13% of the C that could be sequestered globally in soils (estimated at 1400 Tg C yr−1). We conclude that (1) more research is needed to improve our understanding of the formation and fate of PhytOC in terrestrial ecosystems and (2) it would be unwise to put our faith in PhytOC sequestration or other related methodologies to “solve” the climate crisis.
Differences and common ground in the frameworks of health-related quality of life in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine: a systematic review
Authors: Ding Yifan , Mao Zhuxin , Luo Nan , Yang Zhihao , Busschbach Jan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This systematic review aims to explore the conceptualization of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in China. With HRQoL influenced by both modern medicine (MM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the study seeks to identify differences and common ground between the frameworks of MM and TCM as defined in the literature.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted across three Chinese databases and four English databases. The data was extracted including title, author(s), publication year, region, aim, method, category, and result. When sorting data, we broke down the HRQoL frameworks into concepts, domains and facets, with a focus on overlapped facets between the frameworks of MM and TCM.

Results

A total of 31 studies were included. In the perspective of TCM, HRQoL is centered around three key 'concepts': (1) 'xingshentongyi' (unity of body and spirit), (2) 'tianrenheyi' (harmony between man and nature), and (3) 'qiqing' (seven emotional forms). In contrast, the MM framework comprises 'physical,' 'mental,' 'social,' and 'environment' domains. Out of the 59 unique facets identified, 28 are common to both TCM and MM, 9 specific to TCM, and 22 specific to MM. 'Appetite,' 'sleep,' and 'energy' are the most frequently mentioned facets in both frameworks.

Conclusion

The concept of HRQoL in China encompasses frameworks rooted in both TCM and MM. While TCM and MM have distinct healthcare approaches, they share overlapping domains when measuring HRQoL through questionnaires. Furthermore, TCM and MM demonstrate considerable convergence in terms of HRQoL facets, showing the potential for utilizing HRQoL instruments across different cultural settings.
Linking biases and paradoxes in the family entrepreneurship context: an integrative framework for future research
Authors: Kastanakis Minas N. , Kampouri Katerina , Linder Christian , Christofi Michael , De Massis Alfredo
Published: May 2024

Biases and paradoxes are inherently context-dependent phenomena, as they are influenced by various contextual factors that can either magnify or diminish their prominence. In the realm of family entrepreneurship, these contextual intricacies are particularly pronounced due to the confluence of family life, family values, and family and business objectives. Nonetheless, the literature on family entrepreneurship has largely neglected exploration of whether the biases exhibited by family entrepreneurs are intricately linked to, stem from, and predict paradoxes. In this research, we gather, assess, and synthesize current literature to uncover whether and how biases of family entrepreneurs are linked with paradoxes—unique in the family entrepreneurship context—and how they affect behavior in family businesses. Our main contribution lies in the construction of an encompassing framework informed by the lens of value heterogeneity. This integrative framework aims to guide future research and hence to push research on the link between biases and paradoxes of family entrepreneurs further.
The Observer Concept in Science as a Basis for Its Further Curricular Application Within the Discipline-Culture Paradigm
Authors: Galili Igal
Published: May 2024

This study considers the concept of observer-the fundamental concept axial for fundamental physical theories. The history of the observer concept in physics is reviewed and summarized. In the following, the observer concept is considered with regard to science education where scientific concepts should reflect their status in science. This parallelism between science and education is epistemological and dynamic. The examination of the school curriculum reveals invalid correspondence in the case of the observer. The curriculum often presents the observer when addressing the Galileo principle of relativity, while frequently missing relativity of motion in presenting natural phenomena. Multiple observers are avoided in dynamics where the modern epistemology—drawing on a “local observer”—introduces non-inertial observers (inertial forces) currently banned in school physics. The article refines the possible curricular changes with respect to dynamics and kinematics which emphasize multiple observers. The suggested curricular changes could provide science learners with a new perspective on physics knowledge within the paradigm of multiple observers—cultural content knowledge of the subject matter.
Immigrant Solidarity Amid the COVID-19 Crisis in Italy: Forms of Help, Intergroup Solidarity, and Recognition
Authors: Artero Maurizio , Ambrosini Maurizio
Published: May 2024

Italy was the first Western country to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Within it, immigrants have played an important role as essential workers and throughout solidarity initiatives. The present article is based on 64 in-depth interviews with immigrants who engaged in solidarity actions directed toward the immigrant population and the host society during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analytically, it emerged that through solidaristic initiatives, immigrants articulated what we called ‘claims of recognition.’ Recognition here is considered in both its individual form, as interpersonal acceptance and esteem for single immigrants, and its collective form, as the social regard of immigrant groups as constituents of Italian society. Despite being perhaps 'elementary,' these claims aim to fight forms of both non-recognition and mis-recognition that are pervasive in Italy and aim to transform the symbolic 'fabric' of this country.
How selective antagonists and genetic modification have helped characterise the expression and functions of vascular P2Y receptors
Authors: Dales Markie O. , Drummond Robert M. , Kennedy Charles
Published: May 2024

Vascular P2Y receptors mediate many effects, but the role of individual subtypes is often unclear. Here we discuss how subtype-selective antagonists and receptor knockout/knockdown have helped identify these roles in numerous species and vessels. P2Y1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation have been characterised using the selective antagonists, MRS2179 and MRS2216, whilst AR-C118925XX, a P2Y2 receptor antagonist, reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation, and signalling evoked by UTP or fluid shear stress. P2Y2 receptor knockdown reduced endothelial signalling and endothelial P2Y2 receptor knockout produced hypertensive mice and abolished vasodilation elicited by an increase in flow. UTP-evoked vasoconstriction was also blocked by AR-C118925XX, but the effects of P2Y2 receptor knockout were complex. No P2Y4 receptor antagonists are available and P2Y4 knockout did not affect the vascular actions of UTP and UDP. The P2Y6 receptor antagonist, MRS2578, identified endothelial P2Y6 receptors mediating vasodilation, but receptor knockout had complex effects. MRS2578 also inhibited, and P2Y6 knockout abolished, contractions evoked by UDP. P2Y6 receptors contribute to the myogenic tone induced by a stepped increase in vascular perfusion pressure and possibly to the development of atherosclerosis. The P2Y11 receptor antagonists, NF157 and NF340, inhibited ATP-evoked signalling in human endothelial cells. Vasoconstriction mediated by P2Y12/P2Y13 and P2Y14 receptors was characterised using the antagonists, cangrelor, ticagrelor, AR-C67085 and MRS2211 or PPTN respectively. This has yet to be backed up by receptor knockout experiments. Thus, subtype-selective antagonists and receptor knockout/knockdown have helped identify which P2Y subtypes are functionally expressed in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells and the effects that they mediate.
Nutrient contents and microbial communities as mediators of the effects of land-use in ecosystem functioning in alpine ecosystems from Central Mexico
Authors: Carrasco-Espinosa Karen , Avitia Morena , Santini Nadia S. , Escalante Ana E.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The interplay between microbial taxonomy, functional diversity, and land-use changes across diverse ecosystems must be better understood. This study explores, through a statistical modeling approach, the intricate relationships between microbial communities, soil properties (nutrient contents and physicochemical parameters), and land-use changes, using stable isotopes ratio (δ13C/δ15N) as ecosystem function indicator.

Methods

Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) this study aims to investigate how soil microbial communities, soil properties and ecosystem function are interconnected in three ecosystems undergoing land-use change in Nevado de Toluca, Mexico.

Results

Multivariate analyses of microbial communities and soil parameters for the different land-uses reveal significant variation in both microbial composition and soil properties (i.e. nutrient contents) mainly explained by the land-use history of the studied ecosystems. Through the SEM approach, it was possible to disentangle the relative contribution of land-use change, microbial community composition and nutrient contents to the ecosystem function defined as the δ13C/δ15N ratio.

Conclusions

Microbial communities are the main drivers of soil ecosystem functioning. However, through SEM approach it is possible to formally test direct and indirect relationships impacting microbial communities and the resulting functional consequences, contributing to a mechanistic understanding of the ecological implications of land-use change, aiding in sustainable land-use decision-making.
Robust prostate disease classification using transformers with discrete representations
Authors: Santhirasekaram Ainkaran , Winkler Mathias , Rockall Andrea , Glocker Ben
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Automated prostate disease classification on multi-parametric MRI has recently shown promising results with the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The vision transformer (ViT) is a convolutional free architecture which only exploits the self-attention mechanism and has surpassed CNNs in some natural imaging classification tasks. However, these models are not very robust to textural shifts in the input space. In MRI, we often have to deal with textural shift arising from varying acquisition protocols. Here, we focus on the ability of models to generalise well to new magnet strengths for MRI.

Method:

We propose a new framework to improve the robustness of vision transformer-based models for disease classification by constructing discrete representations of the data using vector quantisation. We sample a subset of the discrete representations to form the input into a transformer-based model. We use cross-attention in our transformer model to combine the discrete representations of T2-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images.

Results:

We analyse the robustness of our model by training on a 1.5 T scanner and test on a 3 T scanner and vice versa. Our approach achieves SOTA performance for classification of lesions on prostate MRI and outperforms various other CNN and transformer-based models in terms of robustness to domain shift and perturbations in the input space.

Conclusion:

We develop a method to improve the robustness of transformer-based disease classification of prostate lesions on MRI using discrete representations of the T2-weighted and ADC images.
Das Projekt Wohl.Fühlen
Authors: Fleischmann Nina , Dietrich Emily Zoe
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

In einer alternden Gesellschaft und damit steigenden Zahl von in Pflegeeinrichtungen lebenden Menschen gibt es in diesem Setting Bedarf, gesundheitsfördernde und präventive Konzepte zu entwickeln und anzubieten. Grundlage hierzu ist das 2015 verabschiedete Präventionsgesetz.

Ziel der Arbeit

Sechs voll- und teilstationäre Einrichtungen in Niedersachsen und Bremen wurden begleitet, gesundheitsfördernde und präventive Konzepte auf partizipativer Ebene zu entwickeln. Das Projekt Wohl.Fühlen greift mit Gewaltprävention und sexueller Selbstbestimmung zwei Themen auf, die bisher in diesem Kontext nur selten adressiert werden. Diese Arbeit berichtet den Anteil der Evaluation.

Material und Methoden

Ein exploratives Design und qualitative Methoden wurden angewendet. In den Einrichtungen wurden Steuerungsgruppen mit heterogener Zusammensetzung gebildet und Personen aus eben diesen interviewt.

Ergebnisse

Durch das Projekt sind ein stärkeres Bewusstsein und Sensibilität für die fokussierten Themen entstanden. Veränderungen werden außerhalb der Steuerungsgruppen wenig wahrgenommen. Es besteht die Annahme, dass konkrete Veränderungen erst später sichtbar werden können. Vernetzung hat stattgefunden und wird als hilfreich wahrgenommen, zeigt aber noch Ausbaupotentiale.

Diskussion

Die Barrieren in Strukturen und Rahmenbedingungen (teil)stationärer Altenpflege bestätigen sich auch in der Evaluation anderer Projekte im Kontext des Präventionsgesetzes. Insbesondere im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie hat das Thema Gewaltprävention nochmals an Bedeutung gewonnen.

Schlussfolgerung

Sexualität und die Vorbeugung von gewaltbehafteten Situationen sind essentielle Themen in Pflegeeinrichtungen. Wohl.Fühlen hat Wege aufgezeigt, sensible Themen besprechbar zu machen.
Industrieplattformen als Markt‑, Produktions- und Innovationsflächen. Feldvermessungen und theoretisch-konzeptionelle Überlegungen
Authors: Dolata Ulrich
Published: May 2024

Dieser eher erkundende und Fährten auslegende als forschungsschließende Aufsatz plädiert für eine dringend notwendige Perspektivverschiebung: von der Konzentration der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung auf die im Alltagsleben allgegenwärtigen Plattformen des konsum- und kommunikationsbasierten Internets hin zur Untersuchung der weit weniger im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit stehenden plattformorientierten Reorganisation industrieller Distributions‑, Produktions- und Innovationsprozesse. Auf der Basis der vorliegenden Literatur und eigener empirischer Recherchen werden eine Kartierung und Einordnung dieses noch wenig erschlossenen Feldes vorgenommen, typische Strukturmuster und Varianten von Industrieplattformen herausgearbeitet und deren Eigenheiten mit denjenigen des konsum- und kommunikationsbasierten Internets verglichen. Im Anschluss wird in theoretisch-konzeptioneller Perspektive argumentiert, dass sich mit Industrieplattformen die Herausbildung einer eigenständigen Organisations- und Koordinationsform von Markt‑, Produktions- und Innovationsprozessen andeutet, die sich insbesondere von industriellen Kooperationsnetzwerken substanziell abhebt und deren dominierender Koordinationsmodus als regelbasierte Kuratierung gefasst werden kann.
Review: The Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Detecting Monosodium Urate Deposits in Vascular Tissues
Authors: Held Julia , Haschka David , Lacaita Pietro G. , Feuchtner Gudrun M. , Klotz Werner , Stofferin Hannes , Duftner Christina , Weiss Günter , Klauser Andrea S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

To highlight novel findings in the detection of monosodium urate deposits in vessels using dual energy computed tomography, and to discuss the potential clinical implications for gout and hyperuricemia patients.

Recent Findings

Gout is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, classical risk calculators do not take into account these hazards, and parameters to identify patients at risk are lacking. Monosodium urate measured by dual energy computed tomography is a well-established technology for the detection and quantification of monosodium urate deposits in peripheral joints and tendons. Recent findings also suggest its applicability to identify vascular urate deposits.

Dual energy computed tomography is a promising tool for detection of cardiovascular monosodium urate deposits in gout patients, to better delineate individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Public Health and Children’s Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Li Zhi , Wang Yudong , Ma KeJun , Liu Lu , Bao Yijun , Shi Xin
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the study of children's subjective well-being has garnered escalating global attention, with its research themes becoming increasingly diverse. However, this field still lacks a systematic review and analysis. Drawing upon the Web of Science database, this study retrieved 32,112 relevant articles published between 2003 and 2022, focusing on the theme of children's subjective well-being. After rigorous screening, 23,711 publications were ultimately retained for analysis. Utilizing bibliometric methods, this study conducted network visualization analysis across multiple dimensions, including countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords, aiming to comprehensively reveal the current research landscape of children's subjective well-being. Furthermore, theme modeling techniques were employed to delve into the patterns of theme evolution, and cluster analysis was conducted to categorize related themes. Through qualitative analysis, this study uncovered the developmental trajectory and future research directions in the field of children's subjective well-being. The findings indicate that, in the realm of children's subjective well-being research, developed countries such as those in Europe, America, and Australia have contributed over 30% of the research efforts, both in terms of publication volume and impact. Among them, the United States holds a leading position. The research themes have gradually evolved from an initial focus on the children themselves to exploring their surrounding environments and further delving into the psychological impacts and well-being of children amidst public health emergencies. Notably, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted scholars to delve deeper into children's well-being, shifting the focus of research from mere exploration of mental health to a more nuanced investigation of psychological impacts. Looking ahead, areas such as public health, psychological impacts, and children's dietary health will emerge as crucial directions for future exploration in the field of children's subjective well-being research, offering significant potential for investigation.
Dynamical behavior of a hepatitis B epidemic model and its NSFD scheme
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Türk Kemal
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and one of its types, hepatitis B, is a contagious infection. Using mathematical models, the nature of the spread of the Hepatitis B virus can be predicted. In the present paper, a hepatitis B epidemic model with a Beddington–DeAngelis type incidence rate and a constant vaccination rate is considered. Some dynamical properties of this model, such as non-negativity, boundedness character, the basic reproduction number$$\mathcal {R}_0$$R0, stability nature, and the bifurcation phenomenon, are investigated. By the Bendixson theorem, it is demonstrated that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. It is shown that a transcritical bifurcation phenomenon occurs when$$\mathcal {R}_0=1$$R0=1. It is concluded that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when$$\mathcal {R}_0>1$$R0>1, by utilizing Dulac’s criteria. Also, a discrete system of difference equations is obtained by constructing a non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme for the continuous model. It is shown that the solutions of this discrete system are dynamically consistent for all finite step sizes. The theoretical results obtained are also supported and visualized by numerical simulations. These simulations also demonstrate that the NSFD scheme produces much more efficient results than the Euler or RK4 schemes, as shown in the theoretical results obtained.
On the integration of $$L^0$$-Banach $$L^0$$-modules and its applications to vector calculus on $$\textsf{RCD}$$ spaces
Authors: Caputo Emanuele , Lučić Milica , Pasqualetto Enrico , Vojnović Ivana
Published: May 2024

A finite-dimensional

$$\textsf{RCD}$$

RCD

space can be foliated into sufficiently regular leaves, where a differential calculus can be performed. Two important examples are given by the measure-theoretic boundary of the superlevel set of a function of bounded variation and the needle decomposition associated to a Lipschitz function. The aim of this paper is to connect the vector calculus on the lower dimensional leaves with the one on the base space. In order to achieve this goal, we develop a general theory of integration of

$$L^0$$

L
0

-Banach

$$L^0$$

L
0

-modules of independent interest. Roughly speaking, we study how to ‘patch together’ vector fields defined on the leaves that are measurable with respect to the foliation parameter.
Assessing salinity hazards in coastal aquifers: implications of temperature boundary conditions on aquifer–ocean interaction
Authors: Abd-Elaty Ismail , Kuriqi Alban , Ahmed Ashraf
Published: May 2024

Investigating the repercussions of climate change and irrigation timing on groundwater contamination necessitates thorough examination of the fluctuations in seawater and groundwater recharge temperature. This study introduces an innovative numerical approach to analyze groundwater salinity and temperature dynamics across three distinct scenarios using the SEAWAT code based on Henry's problem. The first scenario delves into the impact of seawater temperature, the second focuses on the consequences of aquifer freshwater recharge temperature, and the third amalgamates the effects of both scenarios. Remarkably, the study reveals that saltwater intrusion (SWI) experiences a decline attributable to the aquifer's heightened seawater temperature and the diminished inland freshwater temperature. Furthermore, combining these two scenarios has a more pronounced effect on aquifer pollution; the temperature-induced changes in SWI for this third scanrio reach + 8.10%, + 12.70%, + 16.20%, + 24.90%, + 28.30%, and + 31.80% compared to the case without considering the temperature effect. Notably, our results propose a potential strategy to mitigate SWI by introducing cold freshwater recharge into aquifers, such as irrigation at night time when water temperature is low. This innovative approach underscores the interconnectedness of various environmental factors. It provides a practical avenue for proactive intervention in safeguarding groundwater quality against the adverse impacts of climate change and irrigation practices.
Carbamazepine adsorption with a series of organoclays: removal and toxicity analyses
Authors: Viegas Rayanne M. A. , Melo Marlon L. , Brandão Lima Luciano C. , Garcia Ramón R. P. , Filho Edson C. Silva , Osajima Josy A. , Chiavone-Filho Osvaldo
Published: May 2024

Organoclays have been used as efficient adsorbents for pharmaceutical pollutants present in waters. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the drugs most frequently found in water bodies. In this study, four organoclays were prepared by modifying bentonite with the cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, CHN, FTIR, TG, BET and SEM analyses, confirming organophilization. The surfactants were interspersed in different arrangements in the interlayer space. CBZ sorption was investigated through batch equilibrium experiments, under variation of the pH, contact time, dosage of adsorbent, and initial drug concentration. Changes in pH showed no adsorption influence. CBZ sorption by the organoclays followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics. The best sorption performance was obtained for the BCN1-HDTMA100 clay, with a capacity of 34.34 ± 1.41 mg g−1, about ten times greater than the unmodified bentonite under the same conditions. This may be attributed to the higher surfactant content. The adsorption isotherm at 25 ºC showed linear behavior. Toxicity tests of the organoclays and corresponding medium in presence of CBZ were carried out. This is a novelty report. Most of the organoclays had no toxicity against Artemia salina. The toxicity of the medium after adsorptive treatment was eliminated. Organoclay-CBZ hybrids were also characterized after adsorption. FTIR and TG analyzes confirmed the incorporation of the drug. Hydrophobic interaction was the dominant contribution evaluated to the adsorption of CBZ. The results demonstrated that organoclays can be a promising alternative adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in water remediation.
Hydrogen, medium-range airplane design optimization for minimal global warming impact
Authors: Proesmans P. , Vos Roelof
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the conceptual design optimization of liquid hydrogen aircraft and their performance in terms of climate impact, cash operating cost, and energy consumption. An automated, multidisciplinary design framework for kerosene-powered aircraft is extended to design liquid hydrogen-powered aircraft at a conceptual level. A hydrogen tank is integrated into the aft section of the fuselage, increasing the operating empty mass and wetted area. Furthermore, the gas model of the engine is adapted to account for the hydrogen combustion products. It is concluded that for medium-range, narrow-body aircraft using hydrogen technology, the climate impact can be minimized by flying at an altitude of 6.0 km at which contrails are eliminated and the impact due to $$\hbox {NO}_{\textrm{x}}$$

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emissions is expected to be small. However, this leads to a deteriorated cruise performance in terms of energy and operating cost due to the lower lift-to-drag ratio (– 11%) and lower engine overall efficiency (– 10%) compared to the energy-optimal solutions. Compared to cost-optimal kerosene aircraft, the average temperature response can be reduced by 73–99% by employing liquid hydrogen, depending on the design objective. However, this reduction in climate impact leads to an increase in cash operating cost of 28–39% when considering 2030 hydrogen price estimates. Nevertheless, an analysis of future kerosene and hydrogen prices shows that this cost difference can be significantly decreased beyond 2030.
Mechanical and Environmental Analysis of Granular Subbase with Fine Crumb Rubber
Authors: Salcedo Fontalvo José Eduardo , Vega A. Daniela L. , Castro Cabeza Andrea , Ramirez Lozano Camilo , Lopez Rengifo Sainner
Published: May 2024

The increasing manufacturing of tires, driven by the automotive sector, has led to various sustainability and waste management issues. Consequently, it is necessary to explore alternatives for the reuse of these wastes. Rubber has demonstrated properties that could make it an attractive material for use as a granular aggregate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of crumb rubber (CR) on the mechanical behavior of a granular subbase (GSB) by replacing fine CR at 10% and 15%. An environmental analysis of the proposal was conducted using the SimaPro tool, and a series of laboratory tests were performed to assess physical and mechanical characteristics. The strength results indicate a decreasing trend as the CR content in the GSB increases. Specifically, in abrasion tests, the natural material showed an average result of 30.86%, while the mixes with 10% and 15% CR exceeded the maximum limit (50%), achieving results of 59.24% and 53.98%, respectively. In terms of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), only the natural samples compacted at maximum energy exceeded the minimum requirements for low and medium traffic levels (30%). The highest CBR value for samples containing CR was 5%, whereas the natural GSB reached a maximum CBR of 33%. A similar trend is observed in environmental outcomes, with increases of up to 17% in abiotic depletion for the sample with 15% CR. Overall, the environmental analysis suggests that incorporating CR into the GSB could lead to an increase in various environmental impacts.
The Innovative Approach to Real-Time Detection of Fuel Types Based on Ultrasonic Sensor and Machine Learning
Authors: Patlak Mevlüt , Çunkaş Mehmet , Taskiran Ugur
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an approach to prevent the incorrect transfer of fuel to the wrong tank during refueling. An experimental setup was developed to perform ultrasonic and dielectric measurements on diesel, gasoline, ethanol, and water. The fuel types were determined using an ultrasonic sensor and time-of-flight values were measured at various temperatures. Additionally, the dielectric coefficients of these liquids were measured to determine the liquid types using a dielectric sensor. The results obtained from both the ultrasonic and dielectric methods are systematically compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are thoroughly discussed. It was observed that dielectric method does not always yield accurate results. The proposed system effectively prevents erroneous transfer of fuel to the tank during refueling. The developed system may be used in practice to distinguish fuel types. In addition, a new approach using machine learning techniques to determine fuel type is presented. Fuel types were classified using 33 machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks and K-Nearest neighbors. It seems that artificial neural network with first layer size 25 and quadratic discriminant classifiers have achieved remarkable results with a success rate of 94% in classification. The results highlight the important and effective role of ultrasonic sensors in accurately identifying fuel types, leading to more efficient and safer storage and transportation of fuel. It  is also concluded that machine learning techniques can be used effectively in identifying and classifying fuel types. The approach involving ultrasonic and artificial intelligence techniques was particularly innovative in distinguishing fuel types.
Assessing Spatiotemporal Behavior of Human Gait: A Comparative Study Between Low-Cost Smartphone-Based Mocap and OptiTrack Systems
Authors: Castillo B. , Riascos C. , Franco J. M. , Marulanda J. , Thomson P.
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the accuracy of a low-cost marker-based motion capture system with smartphone devices to estimate the spatiotemporal behavior of human gait in comparison with the performance of the commercial OptiTrack system. Initially, three test subjects were selected for the study, and after equipping them with passive retroreflective markers, they were recorded for gait velocities of 1.50, 1.90, and 2.30

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while collecting kinematic data and videos. The results showed that the smartphone motion capture system exhibited significant spatiotemporal tracking and accuracy in the x-y trajectories and estimation of joint relative angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints (θ1, θ2, and θ3, respectively) compared to the commercial OptiTrack system. In this comparison, an average goodness-of-FIT and normalized root mean square error of over 88.93% and 2.71% were obtained, respectively, for the joint relative angles of the hip and knee (θ1 and θ2) in all tests performed. However, the accuracy of the joint relative angle of the ankle (θ3, average FIT: 71.04% and nRMSE: 4.26%) was lower because of the low capture rate of the retroreflective markers in the smartphone system and the higher relative velocity in the lower extremities of the test subjects, which generated noise in the calculation of x-y trajectories. This decrease in accuracy has been reported in other studies. However, both motion capture systems experienced marker data loss at the hip, highlighting the need for improvement in the spatial distribution of the optical devices. The OptiTrack system demonstrated better optical redundancy but still required improvements. In contrast, the smartphone system, with its inherent limitations in terms of optical redundancy and spatial distribution, can be enhanced by incorporating multiple cameras for a three-dimensional view. Despite these limitations, the low-cost smartphone system showed optimal performance with minimal errors compared with the commercial system, making it a cost-effective option with potential for further development. The rapid advancement of smartphone technology and its accessibility make it an attractive choice for motion capture applications.
Externalisation of Migration Controls: A Taxonomy of Practices and Their Implications in International and European Law
Authors: Nicolosi Salvatore Fabio
Published: May 2024

The externalisation of migration and border controls refers to a series of practices whereby States attempt to manage migration flows and enforce immigration policies beyond their borders, often by collaborating with other countries or non-state actors. Externalisation can involve various measures such as outsourcing border control functions, implementing agreements with neighbouring or transit countries to intercept migrants before they reach the State’s territory, and providing aid or incentives for other countries to prevent or reduce migration flows. Externalisation practices are employed to shift the burden of migration management away from the receiving state and onto other actors or territories, often to limit responsibilities and on the assumption that human rights obligations only apply territorially. In an attempt to challenge such an assumption and to frame the nature of human rights obligations in the context of externalisation practices, this article develops a taxonomy of externalisation measures and provides an overview of the jurisdictional approaches to the extraterritorial scope of human rights obligations.
A Region-Selective Anti-compression Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Deep Networks
Authors: Chen Zhenqiang , Liu Yifeng , Ke Gang , Wang Jingkai , Zhao Weibin , Lo Sio-long
Published: May 2024

In recent years, related research has focused on how to safely transfer and protect the privacy of images in social network services while providing easy access by authorized users. To safeguard privacy, we suggest an image encryption scheme that combines data hiding and image encryption. The proposed scheme successfully decrypts images after JPEG compression attacks and preserves the privacy of secret regions through the use of block scrambling encryption based on region selection. Simultaneously, the scheme can handle nonuniform secret regions and obtain more sensitive secret keys because of the incorporation of a chaotic system. The enhanced deep learning-based data-hiding technology reduces algorithm complexity by enabling the encryption position to be determined in the decryption phase without the need for any information or equipment. However, this approach also increases algorithm security, because only when the right secret data are extracted can they be decrypted successfully. According to the experimental findings, the proposed scheme can correctly decrypt images via JPEG compression while maintaining visually acceptable quality. The proposed scheme can achieve greater robustness against image processing algorithms and a wider secret key space than traditional schemes.
The Primacy of the Practical
Authors: Brunero John
Published: May 2024

According to Action-First theorists, like Jonathan Dancy, reasons for action explain reasons for intentions. According to Intention-First theorists, like Conor McHugh and Jonathan Way, reasons for intentions explain reasons for action. In this paper, I introduce and defend a version of the Action-First theory called “Instrumentalism.” According to Instrumentalism, just as we can derive, using principles of instrumental transmission, reasons to ψ from reasons to ϕ (provided there’s some relevant instrumental relation between ψ-ing and ϕ-ing), we can derive reasons to intend to ϕ from reasons to ϕ (provided there’s some relevant instrumental relation between intending to ϕ and ϕ-ing). After providing some defense of Instrumentalism, I turn to two recent, important arguments for the Intention-First theory advanced by McHugh and Way, and I argue that neither of them succeed. I conclude that we should reject the Intention-First theory and that we have grounds for optimism about the Action-First theory.