bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noteworthy bird records from the Tamá massif and adjacent areas, Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Socolar Jacob B. , Peña Alberto
Published: June 2023

The Tamá massif straddles the Colombia-Venezuela border on the east slope of the East Andes. Rugged topography and recent political unrest have limited ornithological work in the area, particularly at lower elevations. We made multiple excursions to Tamá in 2017–2020, visiting elevations of 900–3400 m. We recorded several species that are unknown or poorly known on the east slope of the northeastern Andes in Colombia, including Heliangelus mavors, Coeligena bonapartei, Sternoclyta cyanopectus, Aulacorhynchus sulcatus, Thamnophilus unicolor, Formicarius rufipectus, Grallaricula ferrugineipectus, and Thripadectes virgaticeps. Additional noteworthy observations included records of Pauxi pauxi and Tephrophilus wetmorei.
Consumo de mate, descenso de peso y capacidad antioxidante total sérica: resultados de una intervención nutricional
Authors: Messina D. , Corte C. , Avena M. , Mussi J. , Del Balzo D. , Kemnitz C. , Perez Elizalde R.
Published: June 2023

Introducción: El mate es fuente de polifenoles, por lo que se considera un alimento antioxidante. Sin embargo, las investigaciones experimentales en humanosson escasas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las modificaciones de la Capacidad Antioxidante Total sérica (CAT) en pacientes suplementadascon yerba mate junto a una dieta hipocalórica. Métodos: Se estudiaron 58 mujeres con sobrepeso, entre 25 y 50 años. Luego de seis semanas de abstinencia de mate, se analizó su CAT mediante espectrofotometría (Oxiselect) y composición corporal a través de antropometría. Se indicó el consumo diario de mate preparado con 100 g de yerba mate (Grupo mate, n 30) o bien su total abstención (Grupo agua, n 28), junto con una dieta hipocalórica. Se indicó no alterar tabaquismo, medicación ni ejercicio físico. Se repitieron las determinaciones luego de doce semanas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante pruebas T de Student para muestras relacionadas, independientes, o sus respectivos no paramétricos, según normalidad de las variables (p<0,05). Resultados: Luego de doce semanas, la CAT se incrementó 5,88% en grupo Mate y 10% en grupo Agua (diferencias entre grupos no significativas).Las variables antropométricas también se modificaron significativamente, con una mayor pérdida de grasa en el grupo Mate (4,63 kg contra 1,97 kg en grupo Agua, p<0,05). Conclusiones: la CAT sérica se incrementa, luego de 12 semanas, tanto en quienes consumen mate como en quienes no lo hacen, junto con una dieta hipocalórica. Dicho incremento resulta similar en ambos grupos y sería independiente de la ingesta de la infusión.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN JASA ASURANSI SYARIAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS NASABAH PADA KANTOR AGENCY PRU BAROKAH PT. PRUDENTIAL MAKASSAR
Authors: Hafid Miftahur Rahman , Mawardi Khadijah , Reza Afandy Ghulam
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh bauran pemasaran (X) yang terdiri dari empat variabel yaitu produk, harga, promosi dan distribusi terhadap penjualan (Y).Populasi penelitian ini adalah nasabah kantor Agency pru barokah PT. Prudential Makassar, dengan metode penetapan sampel dengan menggunakan metode slovin dan jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 98 responden (orang).Hasil analisis penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS yang dapat menunjukkan hasil dari uji F dan uji t. Dari uji F ( uji serempak) menyatakan bahwa variabel – variabel bebas (X) yang diteliti secara serempak memberikan pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan loyalitas nasabah asuransi syariah di kantor agency pru barokah PT Prudential Makassar (Y). Diketahui nilai Fhitung sebesar 13,403 yang berarti lebih besar Fhitung dari Ftabel (32.198 > 0,05). Ini berarti secara statistik variabel produk, harga, distribusi, dan promosi produk asuransi syariah prudential secara serempak memiliki pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan loyalitas nasabah asuransi syariah agency pru barokah PT Prudential. Adapun dari uji t (uji persial) diketahui keempat variabel yaitu produk, harga, distribusi, dan promosi produk signifikan terhadap loyalitas nasabah asuransi syariah pada kantor agency pru barokah PT. Prudential Makassar.
Implementation of Ultra Micro Financing Based on DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 119
Authors: Asmuni  , Tartila Muzayyana
Published: June 2023

There are many problems in the Kecil community, namely the lowest level, AMD, and reversed financing. Ultra-Micro financing is here to provide solutions to the lower classes of society who need capital loans. This financing is regulated by Fatwa of the National Sharia Council No. 119/DSN-MUI/II/2018. This study aims to discover how the practices, mechanisms, and governance of ultra-micro financing follow sharia. The method used in this research is the empirical observation method and the literature research method. First, gather various reading sources, such as newspapers and articles. The study concluded that the channelling institution is an Islamic financial institution following DSN MUI Fatwa No 119/DSN-MUI/II/2018. The source of Super Micro Financing funds is the DSN MUI fatwa, the practice of unlawful interest. The source of Super Micro Financing funds is the DSN MUI fatwa, the method of unlawful interest. Determination of profit margins in the DSN MUI fatwa No 119/DSN-MUI/II/2018 uses the concept of profit sharing and is based on a predetermined contract. Supermicro Financing dispute resolution, according to DSN MUI fatwa No 119/DSN-MUI/II/2018, Dispute settlement is carried out through a Sharia-based dispute resolution institution.
The Role of Pesantren Leaders in the Digital Age
Authors: Zulkarnain Lutfi
Published: June 2023

Pesantren leaders must be able to play an active role in responding to speedy technological developments in today's digital era so that pesantren can produce students who are not only technologically literate and have intellectual intelligence but also social piety and spiritual stability. This article aims to provide an overview of the role of pesantren leaders in facing the digital era. The method used in writing this article is the literature method with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study show that the role of pesantren leaders in the digital era can be demonstrated through the leadership's ability to oversee change and the use of technology that is developing rapidly at this time by revitalizing the curriculum, providing supporting infrastructure, providing training on matters related to digitalization to teachers and students to improve the competence of teachers and students related to technological developments, as well as actively communicate with parents and the government to get moral and material support so that pesantren can keep up with technological advances in the current digital era but can also maintain the traditions of the pesantren itself.
The Measurement Model of Business Entity Performance with Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Bahri Efri Syamsul , Al Faruqy Muhammad Zaim
Published: June 2023

Performance is essential to provide confidence to the management that the objectives set by the entity have been achieved. This study provides an overview measurement model of the business entity's performance. First, it uses a balanced scorecard approach. Then, this study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data was obtained from a literature study from the google Scholar database. This study found that the balanced scorecard approach can be used to measure the performance of business entities. Business entity performance measurement includes four dimensions: financial, customer, internal business process, and growth and learning.
Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) ultrasound calls outside a nursery roost indicate social interaction not light sampling
Authors: Andrews Margaret M. , Andrews Peter T.
Published: June 2023

Detailed observations of greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) excursions around the exit hole and surrounding archway, of a nursery roost in West Wales, were made with simultaneous video and ultrasound recordings. The number of flight excursions in July and October around the exit hole (0.42, 0.76, fe/hr/bat; respectively) and the archway (2.17, 0.51, fe/hr/bat; respectively) were not proportional to differences in light levels during emergence (- 17.74%, -94.80 %; respectively). Flight excursions during the night in July around the exit hole (5.67 fe/hr/bat) and the archway (9.89 fe/hr/bat) exceeded those during emergence even though the difference in light level was negligible (-0.05%). Typical echolocation calls at 83-84 kHz were recorded together with social calls that had the fundamental frequency in the range 15-39 kHz and harmonics 2-7. The social call rates during the exit in July (0.11 calls/hr/bat) and October (0.14 calls/hr/bat) were not proportional to the difference in light levels and the social call rate was higher in the dark (6.97 calls/hr/bat). In July and October complex individual recognition calls and advertisement calls made during excursions outside the nursery roost demonstrated social interaction. The findings from this study demonstrate that R. ferrumequinum flight excursions outside a nursery roost have a social function and are not simply light sampling.
Insects in the diet of the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius): a pilot study using DNA barcoding
Authors: Chanin Paul , O'Reilly Catherine , Turner Peter , Kerslake Lisa , Birks Johnny , Woods Michael
Published: June 2023

The common dormouse is primarily herbivorous, specialising in high quality food. Insects have also been recorded in the diet, identified from their fragmented remains in faeces. We investigated the use of ‘DNA barcoding’ using mitochondrial DNA as an alternative. Samples were collected from seven sites in England. Half of the 26 samples contained insect DNA, from four species of Lepidoptera and one Dipteran. We conclude that this is a practical approach to investigating dormouse predation on insects and discuss its limitations.
An estimate of the annual number of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) road casualties in Great Britain
Authors: Webridge David E. , Newman Martin R. , Bright Paul W. , Morris Pat A.
Published: June 2023

Counts of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) road casualties identified in car surveys have been used previously only once to estimate road traffic mortality nationally (Morris, 2006). Here, we use data from four surveys (conducted between 1952 and 2004) to estimate annual road-casualty numbers in Great Britain. Our estimate of 167,000–335,000 is substantially greater than Morris (2006) value, with possible implications for hedgehog conservation.
First record of True’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, in Britain.
Authors: Kitchener Andrew C. , Hantke Georg , Herman Jeremy S. , ten Doeschate Mariel , Brownlow Andrew C.
Published: June 2023

A female beaked whale, Family Ziphiidae, was reported as stranded on 29th January 2020 at Kearvaig Bay, Sutherland, Scotland. Examination of its skull confirms that this is the first recorded stranding of True’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, in Britain.
Modelamiento hidro-económico de los efectos del cambio climático y política en la agricultura andina
Authors: Crispin Cunya Marianella , Ponce Oliva Roberto Daniel , Rendon Schneir Eric , Arias Montevechio Esteban Eduardo
Published: June 2023

El cambio climático viene afectando de manera diferenciada a la agricultura, en particular, en la zona andina, dada su alta exposición, sensibilidad y baja capacidad adaptativa. Se evaluó la respuesta adaptativa de la agricultura andina frente a una variación de la disponibilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático en base al modelo hidro-económico que integra dos módulos: el modelamiento hidrológico en base al SWAT y un modelo económico de optimización en base al PMP. Se determinó una alta vulnerabilidad agrícola frente al cambio climático situación que podría revertirse al aplicar una política agraria en base al uso eficiente del agua.
VİSKON İPLİK ATIKLARINDAN ÜRETİLEN BİYOKARBONUN VİSKON KUMAŞLARDA TERMAL KONFOR ve YANMA DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Gökbulut Çağla , Varol Esin
Published: June 2023

Tekstil sektöründeki üretimin yıllar içinde artışı, üretimden kaynaklı atık miktarlarındaki artışı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Döngüsel ekonomi kavramında atıklar, yeni süreçler için hammadde kaynağı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Üretim sırasında ortaya çıkan selülozik tekstil atıklarından termokimyasal dönüşüm yöntemlerinden olan karbonizasyon sonucunda biyokarbon ve aktif karbon gibi katma değerli ürünler elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında viskon iplik atıklarına 600oC sıcaklıkta uygulanan karbonizasyon işlemi ile biyokarbon üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Biyokarbon malzemenin nem, kül, uçucu madde ve sabit karbon miktarları belirlenmiş, karakterizasyonları için enstrümantal teknikler kullanılmıştır. Parçacık boyutu 25 µm altında olan biyokarbon malzemenin kumaşa uygulanmasında daldır-kurut yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Farklı derişimlerde (5 g/L, 10 g/L ve 20 g/L) hazırlanan daldırma çözeltileri kullanılarak kaplanan kumaşların karakterizasyonu Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FT-IR), Taramalı Elekron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karbon kaplamanın kumaşların yanma davranışına ve konfor özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi için kumaşlara ısıl iletkenlik katsayısı, suya batma ve su damlası testleri uygulanmıştır. Termal açıdan incelendiğinde, bağlayıcı kimyasal birlikte uygulanan biyokarbonun, viskon kumaşın ısıl iletkenlik katsayısını azalttığı saptanmıştır. Su testleri sonucunda viskon kumaşa göre biyokarbon kaplanan kumaşların daha hidrofobik özellikte olduğu görülmüştür.
TANNING EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND OLIVE LEAF TANNIN COMBINATION
Authors: Kılıçarislan Özkan Çiğdem
Published: June 2023

Agro-industrial wastes possess highly-valuable bioactive compounds. Recently, they have been taken into account as an alternative source that can be used as raw material for various industries. Such an approach can help to reduce both production cost and pollution load. In this study, the usability of pomegranate peels and olive leaves, defined to be agricultural and industrial residues, as a combined tanning agent in leather industry was investigated. For this purpose, first of all pomegranate peels and olive leaves were extracted for determining their tannin contents and then they were used in tanning process for evaluation their combined tanning ability. Shrinkage temperature (76.5 °C) resulted from this combination tanning and the mechanical properties of the tanned leather revealed that pomegranate peels and olive leaves can be evaluated as an alternative, satisfying combination of tanning material for leather industry.
Competition between myosin II and βH-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension
Authors: Ibar Consuelo , Chinthalapudi Krishna , Heissler Sarah M , Irvine Kenneth D
Published: June 2023

Spectrins are membrane cytoskeletal proteins generally thought to function as heterotetramers comprising two α-spectrins and two β-spectrins. They influence cell shape and Hippo signaling, but the mechanism by which they influence Hippo signaling has remained unclear. We have investigated the role and regulation of the Drosophila β-heavy spectrin (βH-spectrin, encoded by the karst gene) in wing imaginal discs. Our results establish that βH-spectrin regulates Hippo signaling through the Jub biomechanical pathway due to its influence on cytoskeletal tension. While we find that α-spectrin also regulates Hippo signaling through Jub, unexpectedly, we find that βH-spectrin localizes and functions independently of α-spectrin. Instead, βH-spectrin co-localizes with and reciprocally regulates and is regulated by myosin. In vivo and in vitro experiments support a model in which βH-spectrin and myosin directly compete for binding to apical F-actin. This competition can explain the influence of βH-spectrin on cytoskeletal tension and myosin accumulation. It also provides new insight into how βH-spectrin participates in ratcheting mechanisms associated with cell shape change.
A computationally informed comparison between the strategies of rodents and humans in visual object recognition
Authors: Schnell Anna Elisabeth , Leemans Maarten , Vinken Kasper , Op de Beeck Hans
Published: June 2023

Many species are able to recognize objects, but it has been proven difficult to pinpoint and compare how different species solve this task. Recent research suggested to combine computational and animal modelling in order to obtain a more systematic understanding of task complexity and compare strategies between species. In this study, we created a large multidimensional stimulus set and designed a visual discrimination task partially based upon modelling with a convolutional deep neural network (CNN). Experiments included rats (N = 11; 1115 daily sessions in total for all rats together) and humans (N = 45). Each species was able to master the task and generalize to a variety of new images. Nevertheless, rats and humans showed very little convergence in terms of which object pairs were associated with high and low performance, suggesting the use of different strategies. There was an interaction between species and whether stimulus pairs favoured early or late processing in a CNN. A direct comparison with CNN representations and visual feature analyses revealed that rat performance was best captured by late convolutional layers and partially by visual features such as brightness and pixel-level similarity, while human performance related more to the higher-up fully connected layers. These findings highlight the additional value of using a computational approach for the design of object recognition tasks. Overall, this computationally informed investigation of object recognition behaviour reveals a strong discrepancy in strategies between rodent and human vision.
Linking the evolution of two prefrontal brain regions to social and foraging challenges in primates
Authors: Bouret Sebastien , Paradis Emmanuel , Prat Sandrine , Castro Laurie , Perez Pauline , Gilissen Emmanuel , Garcia Cecile
Published: June 2023

The diversity of cognitive skills across primates remains both a fascinating and a controversial issue. Recent comparative studies provided conflicting results regarding the contribution of social vs ecological constraints to the evolution of cognition. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach combining comparative cognitive neurosciences and behavioral ecology. Using brain imaging data from 16 primate species, we measured the size of two prefrontal brain regions, the frontal pole (FP) and the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), respectively, involved in metacognition and working memory, and examined their relation to a combination of socio-ecological variables. The size of these prefrontal regions, as well as the whole brain, was best explained by three variables: body mass, daily traveled distance (an index of ecological constraints), and population density (an index of social constraints). The strong influence of ecological constraints on FP and DLPFC volumes suggests that both metacognition and working memory are critical for foraging in primates. Interestingly, FP volume was much more sensitive to social constraints than DLPFC volume, in line with laboratory studies showing an implication of FP in complex social interactions. Thus, our data highlights the relative weight of social vs ecological constraints on the evolution of specific prefrontal brain regions and their associated cognitive operations in primates.
Drosophila model to clarify the pathological significance of OPA1 in autosomal dominant optic atrophy
Authors: Nitta Yohei , Osaka Jiro , Maki Ryuto , Hakeda-Suzuki Satoko , Suzuki Emiko , Ueki Satoshi , Suzuki Takashi , Sugie Atsushi
Published: June 2023

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is a progressive form of blindness caused by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, mainly caused by mutations in the OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin
like
GTPase (
OPA1)
gene.
OPA1
encodes a dynamin-like GTPase present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. When associated with OPA1 mutations, DOA can present not only ocular symptoms but also multi-organ symptoms (DOA plus). DOA plus often results from point mutations in the GTPase domain, which are assumed to have dominant negative effects. However, the presence of mutations in the GTPase domain does not always result in DOA plus. Therefore, an experimental system to distinguish between DOA and DOA plus is needed. In this study, we found that loss-of-function mutations of the
dOPA1
gene in
Drosophila
can imitate the pathology of optic nerve degeneration observed in DOA. We successfully rescued this degeneration by expressing the human
OPA1
(
hOPA1
) gene, indicating that
hOPA1
is functionally interchangeable with
dOPA1
in the fly system. However, we could not rescue any previously reported mutations known to cause either DOA or DOA plus. By expressing both WT and DOA plus mutant
hOPA1
forms in the optic nerve of
dOPA1
mutants, we observed that DOA plus mutations suppressed the rescue, facilitating the distinction between loss-of-function and dominant negative mutations in
hOPA1
. The fly model developed in this study can assist in the differential diagnosis between DOA and DOA plus and inform early treatment decisions in patients with mutations in
hOPA1
.
Zn2+ is Essential for Ca2+ Oscillations in Mouse Eggs
Authors: Akizawa Hiroki , Lopes Emily , Fissore Rafael A.
Published: June 2023

Changes in the intracellular concentration of free calcium (Ca
2+
) underpin egg activation and initiation of development in animals and plants. In mammals, the Ca
2+
release is periodical, known as Ca
2+
oscillations, and mediated by the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP
3
R1). Another divalent cation, zinc (Zn
2+
), increases exponentially during oocyte maturation and is vital for meiotic transitions, arrests, and polyspermy prevention. It is unknown if these pivotal cations interplay during fertilization. Here, using mouse eggs, we showed that basal concentrations of labile Zn
2+
are indispensable for sperm-initiated Ca
2+
oscillations because Zn
2+
-deficient conditions induced by cell-permeable chelators abrogated Ca
2+
responses evoked by fertilization and other physiological and pharmacological agonists. We also found that chemically- or genetically generated Zn
2+
-deficient eggs displayed reduced IP
3
R1 sensitivity and diminished ER Ca
2+
leak despite the stable content of the stores and IP
3
R1 mass. Resupplying Zn
2+
restarted Ca
2+
oscillations, but excessive Zn
2+
prevented and terminated them, hindering IP
3
R1 responsiveness. The findings suggest that a permissive window of Zn
2+
concentrations is required for Ca
2+
responses and IP
3
R1 function in eggs, ensuring optimal response to fertilization and egg activation.
Network-level changes in the brain underlie fear memory strength
Authors: Haubrich Josue , Nader Karim
Published: June 2023

The strength of a fear memory significantly influences whether it drives adaptive or maladaptive behavior in the future. Yet, how mild and strong fear memories differ in underlying biology is not well understood. We hypothesized that this distinction may not be exclusively the result of changes within specific brain regions, but rather the outcome of collective changes in connectivity across multiple regions within the neural network. To test this, rats were fear conditioned in protocols of varying intensities to generate mild or strong memories. Neuronal activation driven by recall was measured using c-fos immunohistochemistry in 12 brain regions implicated in fear learning and memory. The interregional coordinated brain activity was computed and graph-based functional networks were generated to compare how mild and strong fear memories differ at the systems level. Our results show that mild fear recall is supported by a well-connected brain network with small-world properties in which the amygdala is well-positioned to be modulated by other regions. In contrast, this connectivity is disrupted in strong fear memories and the amygdala is isolated from other regions. These findings indicate that the neural systems underlying mild and strong fear memories differ, with implications for understanding and treating disorders of fear dysregulation.
Sensory neurons couple arousal and foraging decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Scheer Elias , Bargmann Cornelia I
Published: June 2023

Foraging animals optimize feeding decisions by adjusting both common and rare behavioral patterns. Here, we characterize the relationship between an animal’s arousal state and a rare decision to leave a patch of bacterial food. Using long-term tracking and behavioral state classification, we find that food leaving decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans are coupled to arousal states across multiple timescales. Leaving emerges probabilistically over minutes from the high arousal roaming state, but is suppressed during the low arousal dwelling state. Immediately before leaving, animals have a brief acceleration in speed that appears as a characteristic signature of this behavioral motif. Neuromodulatory mutants and optogenetic manipulations that increase roaming have a coupled increase in leaving rates, and similarly acute manipulations that inhibit feeding induce both roaming and leaving. By contrast, inactivating a set of chemosensory neurons that depend on the cGMP-gated transduction channel TAX-4 uncouples roaming and leaving dynamics. In addition, tax-4-expressing sensory neurons promote lawn-leaving behaviors that are elicited by feeding inhibition. Our results indicate that sensory neurons responsive to both internal and external cues play an integrative role in arousal and foraging decisions.
A preliminary study of the salivary microbiota of young male subjects before, during, and after acute high-altitude exposure
Authors: Zhou Qian , Chen Yuhui , Liu Guozhu , Qiao Pengyan , Tang Chuhua
Published: June 2023

Background

The microbial community structure in saliva differs at different altitudes. However, the impact of acute high-altitude exposure on the oral microbiota is unclear. This study explored the impact of acute high-altitude exposure on the salivary microbiome to establish a foundation for the future prevention of oral diseases. Methods. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 12 male subjects at the following three time points: one day before entering high altitude (an altitude of 350 m, pre-altitude group), seven days after arrival at high altitude (an altitude of 4,500 m, altitude group) and seven days after returning to low altitude (an altitude of 350 m, post-altitude group). Thus, a total of 36 saliva samples were obtained. 16S rRNA V3-V4 region amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and structure of the salivary microbial communities, and a network analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among salivary microorganisms. The function of these microorganisms was predicted with a Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis.

Results

In total, there were 756 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified, with 541, 613, and 615 OTUs identified in the pre-altitude, altitude, and post-altitude groups, respectively. Acute high-altitude exposure decreased the diversity of the salivary microbiome. Prior to acute high-altitude exposure, the microbiome mainly consisted of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. After altitude exposure, the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Veillonella increased, and the relative abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Alloprevotella decreased. The relationship among the salivary microorganisms was also affected by acute high-altitude exposure. The relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism gene functions was upregulated, while the relative abundance of coenzyme and vitamin metabolism gene functions was downregulated.

Conclusion

Rapid high-altitude exposure decreased the biodiversity of the salivary microbiome, changing the community structure, symbiotic relationships among species, and abundance of functional genes. This suggests that the stress of acute high-altitude exposure influenced the stability of the salivary microbiome.
Anthropogenic Impacts on Lakes of Mysore City: A Review of Literature
Authors: Sowmyashree S. , Jayashree P.
Published: June 2023

Mysore is the second largest city in the state of karnataka in India. It is one of the most attractive tourism place. It is well known for its world famous palace, art galleries, gardens, temples, churches, mosques, mansions and museums. Mysore is also known for its rich culture and heritage. Mysore is located in a very unique environment. The popular and perennial river cauvery and one of its tributaries kabini are draining through this district. The krishnarajasagara dam and the kabini dam are the large reservoirs existing in this region. These dams irrigate the fertile agricultural lands out of which a huge population survives. The city of mysore is blessed with a number of lakes which are promoting a salubrious climate for the city dwellers. At present, lakes are under threat as they are victims of population pressure and rapid urbanization If this trend continues, man is endangering not only humans but also other creatures on earth. This paper is a review of published literature on the anthropogenic impacts on lakes of Mysore city and measures for their conservation.
Diferenças clínicas, radiológicas e espirométricas entre os pacientes pós-covid-19 estratificados de acordo com a gravidade inicial da doença
Authors: Mariano Paulo Mateus Madureira Soares , Sarno Filho Marcelo Vincenzo , Neves Rafael Costa Sarno , Jesus Fabíola Ramos , Albuquerque Marcel Lima , Barbosa Sória Ramos , Neves Margarida Célia Lima Costa
Published: June 2023

Introdução: em março de 2020, a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 foi declarada pela OMS, contabilizando mais de seis milhões de mortes e 600 milhões de casos confirmados. São necessários estudos para compreender a persistência dos sintomas após a infecção aguda, que podem se correlacionar com a gravidade inicial da doença. Objetivo: avaliar e comparar as características clínicas, espirométricas e radiológicas dos pacientes acometidos pela síndrome pós-COVID, estratificados conforme gravidade da infecção aguda pelo Sars-Cov-2. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, realizado a partir de consultas ambulatoriais em amostra de conveniência. O estudo incluiu 232 pacientes, atendidos de novembro de 2020 a outubro de 2021. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: com COVID-19, sem internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva; e com internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: foram avaliados 232 pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, sendo 69,4% do sexo feminino; idade média de 50 ± 12,8 anos. As comorbidades mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (44,0%) e diabetes mellitus (21,1%). Dos pacientes estudados, 45,7% foram internados durante a fase aguda da doença, sendo que cinquenta (21,6%) foram alocados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI).  Em relação à espirometria, o padrão de distúrbio restritivo foi verificado apenas nos pacientes internados em UTI. Na tomografia de tórax, o padrão de pneumonia em organização foi associado a pacientes que precisaram de internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: este estudo evidencia que o distúrbio ventilatório restritivo e a presença de pneumonia em organização tiveram associação com quadros iniciais mais graves.
Ser escutado, perceber que suas experiências importam, contribui para o resgate da dignidade do ser humano
Authors: Freitas Juliana Sapucaia de , Teixeira Carmen Fontes de Souza , Caputo Maria Constantina
Published: June 2023

Introdução: o plantão psicológico é uma modalidade de atenção psicológica que se caracteriza pela oferta de uma escuta clínica especializada no exato momento em que o sujeito vivencia uma crise. Essa prontidão na acolhida dialoga com as necessidades do sujeito contemporâneo que, imerso num cenário de indisponibilidade de tempo e afeto, encontra no plantão um lugar de referência com o qual poderá contar para o cuidado em saúde mental. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico do período de 2017 a 2021. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quali-quanti acerca das publicações sobre o plantão psicológico indexadas no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: foram encontrados 34 artigos, dos quais 19, por atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos, integraram este estudo. A produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico vem sendo desenvolvida nos serviços-escola das instituições universitárias, publicadas em veículos de expressiva qualidade, com maior concentração de estudos na região sul do Brasil e com predomínio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e relatos de experiência. Em relação à temática abordada, foram identificados três núcleos de sentidos: fundamentação teórica do plantão a partir de uma abordagem específica, plantão como prática clínica na formação profissional em psicologia e características dos sujeitos que demandam a clínica do plantão. Conclusão: constatou-se que os estudos sobre o plantão têm trilhado caminhos diversos, incluindo várias abordagens teóricas e práticas em contextos distintos, com destaque para os serviços-escola das universidades, lugar de concepção dessa modalidade clínica e onde se pode fazer a diferença na formação de profissionais comprometidos ética e politicamente com os sujeitos em situação de angústia/sofrimento psíquico, que têm, no plantão, portas abertas para serem escutados, de modo a compreenderem seus problemas e atribuírem novos significados às suas experiências.
O Vaticano e a Reumatologia.Eventos milagrosos reconhecidos pela Igreja Católica possivelmente relacionados à reumatologia
Authors: Diniz Leonardo Rios , Mota Licia Maria Henrique da , Carvalho Jozélio Freire de , Santos-Neto Leopoldo Luiz dos , Neubarth Fernando
Published: June 2023

Documentos eclesiásticos depositados na biblioteca do Vaticano contêm relatos da história da civilização e daprópria Medicina, dentre eles, eventos reconhecidos pela Igreja Católica como “milagres de cura” analisados segundoum rígido protocolo. A Reumatologia como especialidade médica é recente, mas as doenças reumáticas são relatadasdesde os primórdios da humanidade. Alguns dos milagres de cura reconhecidos pelo Vaticano foram diagnosticadoscomo possíveis doenças reumáticas, como gota, tuberculose osteoarticular e artrite1,2.
Evaluation of the Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of UHPFRCC before and after Cracking
Authors: Lee Hojin , Choi Jinseok , Lee Ohseong , Yoon Youngsoo
Published: June 2023

In this study, the crack distribution and electromagnetic shielding characteristics of UHPFRCC before and after cracking were evaluated according to fiber combinations. After evaluating the mechanical and electrical properties of each combination, an electromagnetic shielding test of a non-cracked panel specimen was conducted. Subsequently, the panel specimen was subjected to a monotonic load or repeated load. In the case of the test specimen with a repetitive load, the crack length, crack area, and electromagnetic shielding were measured at each load stage. According to the experimental results, the incorporation of organic fiber decreased the compressive strength and density of UHPFRCC. In particular, the incorporation of carbon fibers adversely affected the tensile behavior owing to dispersibility problems. The hybrid fiber combination increased the electrical resistivity. However, the incorporation of carbon fibers improved electromagnetic shielding performance compared with the single incorporation of steel fibers. The fiber combination significantly affected the crack length and width than the crack area. In addition, as cracks occurred, the electromagnetic shielding performance of a test specimen showed an average decrease of up to 20%.
Fire Damage Characteristics of Fire-Resistant Coating Materials in Petrochemical Plant Facilities
Authors: Cho Gyuhwan , Ahn Jaekwon , Jeon Kisoo
Published: June 2023

As industrial facilities, petrochemical plants require prompt investigation, diagnosis, and recovery in the event of fire damage associated with disasters and accidents. Due to the characteristics of petrochemical plants, which are mostly composed of steel structures with fire-resistant coating materials, the coating materials are the first to be damaged. Accordingly, in this study, the fire damage characteristics of fire-resistant coating materials were analyzed experimentally, verifying the possibility of estimating the heating temperatures based on such characteristics. The results show a correlation between the foam expansion ratio and the heating temperature of intumescent fire-resistant coating materials with foam properties. A significant correlation was found between the density and adhesion strength ratio and the heating temperature of spray-applied fire-resistant coatings. The results suggest the possibility of estimating the heating temperatures based solely on the fire damage characteristics of the coating materials, which could provide a platform for simplifying existing methods for investigating and diagnosing fire damage.
Evaluation of Housing Affordability Among US Resident Physicians
Authors: Brewster Ryan C. L. , Butler Alex , Michelson Catherine D. , Kesselheim Jennifer
Published: June 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates the extent of housing unaffordability among US residency programs.
The Design of Metal Complexes to Target the Amyloid‐β Peptide in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Webb Michael I.
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder where a pathological hallmark is the occurrence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide deposits, also known as Aβ plaques. The Aβ peptide is known to self‐associate and aggregate in solution, a phenomenon that is accelerated in the presence of metal ions, in particular Fe, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, these micronutrient metals are found in elevated concentration within Aβ plaques, relative to nearby healthy tissues. Therapeutic approaches have sought to exploit this metalloprotein nature of Aβ by designing metal complexes that can target either the soluble peptide or its pathological aggregate species. Overall, complexes of 27 different metals have been designed to target the Aβ that can detect its presence in biological samples, modulate its aggregation, and/or prevent its neurotoxic activity. This article summarizes these compounds, and the advances made for complexes of each metal.
Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Viral Diseases
Authors: Raza Md Kausar , Karges Johannes
Published: June 2023

Iron–sulfur [Fe–S] clusters are among the oldest cofactors known on earth. These compounds are structurally and functionally highly versatile and therefore used in various biological processes including biochemical catalysis, electron transfer reactions, sulfur donation, as well as sensing. To date, the presence of functioning [Fe–S] clusters has been verified in all types of living organisms including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Studies have shown that the biological activity of the [Fe–S] cluster is mainly attributed to its highly accessible and reversible redox activity, which can range over several oxidation and spin states. Over the last years, [Fe–S] clusters have been identified as a key component in various viral diseases including but not limited to polyomaviruses, rotaviruses, hepatitis b virus, and coronaviruses. Within this article, the potential role of [Fe–S] clusters in viral diseases is critically reviewed.
Finetuning the Coordination Chemistry of Nontoxic Titanium(IV) for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
Authors: Acosta‐Mercado Jemily , Vargas‐Figueroa Adriana I. , García‐Alfonzo Miguel E. , Del Valle‐González Yolmarie L. , Figueroa‐Robles Adrián , Torres‐Martinez Amarilis , Gonzalez‐Dumeng Christian M. , Almánzar Rodríguez Emily J. , Díaz‐Rivera Josean , Boyne‐Mascarell Juan C. , Soto‐Ramos Stephanie A. , Ortiz Colón Yermarie W. , Tinoco Arthur D.
Published: June 2023

Developing effective strategies to address current cancer treatment and diagnosis challenges is imperative. Research has led to many medical breakthroughs, namely in the use of small molecules for chemotherapy as a major component of the standard of patient care. Following the serendipitous finding of cisplatin as an anticancer agent in the 1960s, titanium(IV) emerged as a metal of medicinal interest given its general nontoxicity. Many researchers have championed the potential clinical use of Ti(IV) compounds as anticancer agents given how manipulation of its coordination chemistry with the judicious selection of ligands leads to impressive cytotoxic properties with different mechanisms of action. By studying the biological speciation of the Ti(IV) compounds and their mechanism of action within cells and in vivo, much insight has been gained about the limitations posed to their therapeutic potential and about how the ligands can be finetuned to play a more active role to increase potency and specificity for cancer cells. In this review, we will take a historical tour of the evolution of titanium(IV) in its application in cancer research, dissecting the chemical properties of the metal ion that confer it with great potential for utility in different areas of cancer treatment and diagnosis. We explore the rich coordination chemistry of Ti(IV) that has led to different library of anticancer compounds and also survey efforts to use visible to activate TiO2nanoparticles as photosensitizers. In the latter part of the manuscript, we revisit the coordination chemistry of Ti(IV) as it illuminates ligand types that may facilitate the use of45Ti for PET imaging and possibly even theranostics. This work elucidates optimal approaches to bringing Ti(IV) to the anticancer market.
Classroom Research on Pragmatics
Authors: Martínez‐Flor Alicia , Sánchez‐Hernández Ariadna
Published: June 2023

Pragmatic competence involves the ability to produce and comprehend meaning and intentions in an appropriate way, given a particular social and cultural context. Dealing with pragmatic competence in the classroom context is a complex phenomenon since attention needs to be paid to how language, language users, and context of interaction interplay. Classroom organization is therefore essential in terms of what kind of input, opportunities for communicative practice, and provision of feedback are offered for learners to develop their pragmatic competence. This entry offers an overview of the research conducted in classroom contexts in three main areas: (a) opportunities for pragmatic development available in different classroom contexts, (b) types of classroom‐based research conducted on pragmatics, and (c) data collection methods employed to gather pragmatic‐related information in the classroom.
Pragmatics in Learner Corpora
Authors: Fernández Julieta
Published: June 2023

They have attracted researchers wishing to understand second language (L2) acquisition because, especially when already available, they can provide instantaneous access to large pools of learner data that can be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for linguistic patterns through the iterative use of automatic computer software tools (i.e., using corpus linguistics methodology). Learner corpora have also attracted linguists wishing to answer questions about L2 pragmatics, which studies how learners (come to) understand and convey meaning in context. The use of corpus linguistics has allowed for the integration of “the more traditional qualitative or “horizontal” approach to pragmatics with the more quantitative or “vertical” nature of corpus linguistics” (Rühlemann & Clancy, 2018, p. 245). However, the marriage of these two fields has not always been straightforward because in interaction there is not a consistent one‐to‐one correspondence between a form and its pragmatic function(s) in a particular context. This entry introduces the use of learner corpus linguistics for the study of L2 pragmatics and discusses the issues of size, automatization, temporal design, and annotation.
Oral Corrective Feedback as a Pedagogical Strategy
Authors: Lyster Roy
Published: June 2023

The multifaceted roles of oral corrective feedback (CF) in second language (L2) instruction continue to attract the attention of both researchers and practitioners interested in how it can most effectively be integrated into classroom interaction in ways that benefit L2 development. Theoretical perspectives that run the gamut from cognitively to socially oriented suggest that oral CF is not only beneficial but may also be necessary for moving learners forward in their L2 development. This entry describes the purpose of CF and identifies various CF types that either provide or withhold correct forms; different types of learner responses to CF are also identified. The ways in which CF and subsequent learner responses are able to influence L2 development are then addressed along with the ways in which CF serves as a pedagogical strategy enabling teachers to scaffold classroom interaction, so that learners can take increasingly more responsibility for their own learning. Challenges that teachers must contend with in order to provide CF effectively are then presented before concluding with future directions for both research and professional learning opportunities for teachers.
Second Language Pragmatic Development
Authors: Fordyce Kenneth
Published: June 2023

Second language pragmatic development combines the fields of pragmatics and second language acquisition (SLA) to investigate how second language learners' pragmatic competence changes over time. The first section of this entry looks at theories that explain the processes of second language (L2) development. Some theories focus on the role of cognition in developmental processes, whereas others are oriented toward the role played by the social context of interaction as well as the social identity of learners. The second section summarizes research investigating whether there are typical patterns in the way in which L2 pragmatics develops. It shows that broad patterns of typical changes can be found through research with many learners; yet at the same time, individual trajectories of development are quite variable and influenced by a wide range of factors. The last section looks at the role of instruction in accelerating or influencing L2 pragmatic development. It outlines the key findings from many studies which have investigated the effects of different kinds of instruction on different aspects of L2 pragmatics. The key roles ofnoticingandprocessingas well as the need for greater attention to L2 pragmatics in second language classrooms are highlighted.
Relevance Theory and Language Acquisition
Authors: Foster‐Cohen Susan
Published: June 2023

Relevance Theory argues that comprehension of intentional communication rests on the hearer's capacity to infer the speaker's message from what has been expressed in context, guided by the search for relevance. Hearers follow a path of least effort, given their knowledge and beliefs about the world and the speaker. The theory has provided explanations for how and why L1 learners both interpret and misinterpret utterances, depending on their stage of linguistic and cognitive development, particularly their understanding of the mental states of others. In L2 acquisition, pragmatic expectations from the L1 and levels of linguistic proficiency in the L2 lead to extensive use of metapragmatic skills and epistemic vigilance to interpret utterances as intended, design utterances appropriately, and foster intercultural communication. In both L1 and L2 acquisition, indirect, nonliteral, and figurative language (metaphor, irony, sarcasm, etc.) has been the focus of a number of studies and, particularly in the case of work involving individuals on the autism spectrum, has been instrumental in refining Relevance Theory itself.