bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Thermal Shrinkage: A Novel Method for the Treatment of Chronic Volar Plate Instability at the Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint of the Thumb
Authors: Wong Yu Chung , Ho Pak Cheong
Published: August 2019

Background: Chronic volar plate instability of the thumb metacarpal phalangeal joint (MCPJ) is a disabling clinical problem. Patients usually present with pain and disability in terms of reduction in pinch and grip power. Numerous surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of this condition. Here we describe a novel method for the treatment of this condition by thermal shrinkage of the volar plate via thumb MCPJ arthroscopy.

Methods: A retrospective review of 8 patients with chronic thumb MCPJ volar plate instability treated with the novel technique of thermal shrinkage of the volar plate via thumb MCPJ arthroscopy. The primary outcome is maintenance of saggital plane stability at the thumb MCPJ. Secondary outcomes include pinch and grip power, The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score and thumb MCPJ range of movement. The duration of follow up and complications were also reviewed.

Results: The mean follow up period was 41.4 months (range, 2–134 months). One case had recurrence of instability requiring open volar plate capsulodesis. All other cases had their thumb hyperextensibility resolved and maintained throughout the entire follow up period, up to 134 months for the case with the longest duration of follow up.

Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest this novel, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of thumb MCPJ volar plate instability is effective and the long term follow up results are durable.
Radial Half of the Second Metacarpal Bone and the First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle Composite Flap for Treating the First Metacarpal Bone Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Janesaksrisakul Disorn , Pongernnak Nontich , Anantavorasakul Navapong
Published: August 2019

Traumatic bone defect is a challenging problem for both patient and doctor. The goal of treatment is the restoration of hand function with acceptable appearance of an injured hand. Especially in the injury of the thumb, length and stability are very important to achieve good holding and pinching functions. We reported a 23-year-old patient with traumatic first metacarpal bone loss after a motor vehicle accident treated with vascularized radial half of the second metacarpal bone and the first dorsal interosseous muscle composite flap.
Stress Fracture of the Ossification Center of the Scaphoid in a Skeletally Immature Gymnast
Authors: Fujioka Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Tetsuo , Takagi Yohei , Oi Takanori , Yoshiya Shinichi
Published: August 2019

An eleven-year-old male gymnast felt right wrist pain when performing handstands on the floor without any major traumas. Displaced scaphoid fracture was observed on the anteroposterior view of the radiograph. Both on the T1-weighted image from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on the short TI inversion recovery (STIR) image from MRI, low intensity was detected at the middle of the ossification center of the scaphoid and the physis and the articular cartilage covering the scaphoid bone were preserved without any injury. The patient was diagnosed with stress fracture of the ossification center of the scaphoid and successfully treated conservatively.
Leakier Wires
Authors: Giechaskiel Ilias , Eguro Ken , Rasmussen Kasper B.
Published: August 2019

In complex FPGA designs, implementations of algorithms and protocols from third-party sources are common. However, the monolithic nature of FPGAs means that all sub-circuits share common on-chip infrastructure, such as routing resources. This presents an attack vector for all FPGAs that contain designs from multiple vendors, especially for FPGAs used in multi-tenant cloud environments, or integrated into multi-core processors. In this article, we show that “long” routing wires present a new source of information leakage on FPGAs, by influencing the delay of adjacent long wires. We show that the effect is measurable for both static and dynamic signals and that it can be detected using small on-board circuits. We characterize the channel in detail and show that it is measurable even when multiple competing circuits (including multiple long-wire transmitters) are present and can be replicated on different generations and families of Xilinx devices (Virtex 5, Virtex 6, Artix 7, and Spartan 7). We exploit the leakage to create a covert channel with 6kbps of bandwidth and 99.9% accuracy, and a side channel, which can recover signals kept constant for only 1.3sμs, with an accuracy of more than 98.4%. Finally, we propose countermeasures to reduce the impact of this leakage.
1
EarSketch
Authors: Freeman Jason , Magerko Brian , Edwards Doug , Mcklin Tom , Lee Taneisha , Moore Roxanne
Published: August 2019

EarSketch leverages the appeal of music to create a learning environment that allows students to be expressive with code.
DAML
Authors: Kfir Shaul , Fournier Camille
Published: August 2019

A discussion between Shaul Kfir and Camille Fournier.
OpenFab
Authors: Vidimče Kiril , Wang Szu-Po , Ragan-Kelley Jonathan , Matusik Wojciech
Published: August 2019

3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data, and modeling and describing the input with spatially varying material mixtures at this scale are simply challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. We present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesis of multimaterial 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition, using shader-like
fablets
, allowing models to be specified easily and efficiently. The pipeline is implemented in a streaming fashion: only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory, and output is fed to the printer with a little startup delay. We demonstrate it on a variety of multimaterial objects.
Aortic distensibility is associated with both resting and hyperemic coronary blood flow
Authors: Nelson Adam J. , Puri Rishi , Nicholls Stephen J. , Dundon Benjamin K. , Richardson James D. , Sidharta Samuel L. , Teo Karen S. , Worthley Stephen G. , Worthley Matthew I.
Published: August 2019

A large body of evidence demonstrates an independent association between arterial stiffness and prospective risk of cardiovascular events. A reduction in coronary perfusion is presumed to underscore this association; however, studies confirming this are lacking. This study compared invasive measures of coronary blood flow (CBF) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived aortic distensibility (AD). Following coronary angiography, a Doppler FloWire and infusion microcatheter were advanced into the study vessel. Average peak velocity (APV) was acquired at baseline and following intracoronary adenosine to derive coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR = hyperemic APV/resting APV) and CBF [π × (diameter)2× APV × 0.125]. Following angiography, patients underwent CMR to evaluate distensibility at the ascending aorta (AA), proximal descending aorta (PDA) and distal descending aorta (DDA). Fifteen participants (53 ± 13 yr) with minor epicardial disease (maximum stenosis <30%) were enrolled. Resting CBF was 44.1 ± 11.9 mL/min, hyperemic CBF was 143.8 ± 37.4 mL/min, and CFVR was 3.15 ± 0.48. AD was 3.89 ± 1.72·10−3mmHg−1at the AA, 4.08 ± 1.80·10−3mmHg−1at the PDA, and 4.42 ± 1.67·10−3mmHg−1at the DDA. All levels of distensibility correlated with resting CBF ( R2= 0.350–0.373, P < 0.05), hyperemic CBF ( R2= 0.453–0.464, P < 0.01), and CFVR ( R2= 0.442–0.511, P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that hyperemic and, to a lesser extent resting CBF, are significantly associated with measures of aortic stiffness in patients with only minor angiographic disease. These findings provide further in vivo support for the observed prognostic capacity of large artery function in cardiovascular event prediction.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiac magnetic resonance-derived aortic distensibility is associated with invasive measures of coronary blood flow. Large artery function is more strongly correlated with hyperemic than resting blood flow. Increased stiffness may represent a potential target for novel antianginal medications.
Cortical bone-derived stem cell therapy reduces apoptosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Hobby Alexander R. H. , Sharp Thomas E. , Berretta Remus M. , Borghetti Giulia , Feldsott Eric , Mohsin Sadia , Houser Steven R.
Published: August 2019

Ischemic heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) are the largest contributors to cardiovascular disease worldwide. The resulting cardiac cell death impairs function of the heart and can lead to heart failure and death. Reperfusion of the ischemic tissue is necessary but causes damage to the surrounding tissue by reperfusion injury. Cortical bone stem cells (CBSCs) have been shown to increase pump function and decrease scar size in a large animal swine model of MI. To investigate the potential mechanism for these changes, we hypothesized that CBSCs were altering cardiac cell death after reperfusion. To test this, we performed TUNEL staining for apoptosis and antibody-based immunohistochemistry on tissue from Göttingen miniswine that underwent 90 min of lateral anterior descending coronary artery ischemia followed by 3 or 7 days of reperfusion to assess changes in cardiomyocyte and noncardiomyocyte cell death. Our findings indicate that although myocyte apoptosis is present 3 days after ischemia and is lower in CBSC-treated animals, myocyte apoptosis accounts for <2% of all apoptosis in the reperfused heart. In addition, nonmyocyte apoptosis trends toward decreased in CBSC-treated hearts, and although CBSCs increase macrophage and T-cell populations in the infarct region, the occurrence of apoptosis in CD45+ cells in the myocardium is not different between groups. From these data, we conclude that CBSCs may be influencing cardiomyocyte and noncardiomyocyte cell death and immune cell recruitment dynamics in the heart after MI, and these changes may account for some of the beneficial effects conferred by CBSC treatment.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The following research explores aspects of cell death and inflammation that have not been previously studied in a large animal model. In addition, apoptosis and cell death have not been studied in the context of cell therapy and myocardial infarction. In this article, we describe interactions between cell therapy and inflammation and the potential implications for cardiac wound healing.

Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/cortical-bone-derived-stem-cell-therapy-reduces-apoptosis/ .
Modeling arterial pulse waves in healthy aging: a database for in silico evaluation of hemodynamics and pulse wave indexes
Authors: Charlton Peter H. , Mariscal Harana Jorge , Vennin Samuel , Li Ye , Chowienczyk Phil , Alastruey Jordi
Published: August 2019

The arterial pulse wave (PW) is a rich source of information on cardiovascular (CV) health. It is widely measured by both consumer and clinical devices. However, the physical determinants of the PW are not yet fully understood, and the development of PW analysis algorithms is limited by a lack of PW data sets containing reference CV measurements. Our aim was to create a database of PWs simulated by a computer to span a range of CV conditions, representative of a sample of healthy adults. The typical CV properties of 25–75 yr olds were identified through a literature review. These were used as inputs to a computational model to simulate PWs for subjects of each age decade. Pressure, flow velocity, luminal area, and photoplethysmographic PWs were simulated at common measurement sites, and PW indexes were extracted. The database, containing PWs from 4,374 virtual subjects, was verified by comparing the simulated PWs and derived indexes with corresponding in vivo data. Good agreement was observed, with well-reproduced age-related changes in hemodynamic parameters and PW morphology. The utility of the database was demonstrated through case studies providing novel hemodynamic insights, in silico assessment of PW algorithms, and pilot data to inform the design of clinical PW algorithm assessments. In conclusion, the publicly available PW database is a valuable resource for understanding CV determinants of PWs and for the development and preclinical assessment of PW analysis algorithms. It is particularly useful because the exact CV properties that generated each PW are known.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY First, a comprehensive literature review of changes in cardiovascular properties with age was performed. Second, an approach for simulating pulse waves (PWs) at different ages was designed and verified against in vivo data. Third, a PW database was created, and its utility was illustrated through three case studies investigating the determinants of PW indexes. Fourth, the database and tools for creating the database, analyzing PWs, and replicating the case studies are freely available.
Global Reach 2018: reduced flow-mediated dilation stimulated by sustained increases in shear stress in high-altitude excessive erythrocytosis
Authors: Tremblay Joshua C. , Coombs Geoff B. , Howe Connor A. , Vizcardo-Galindo Gustavo A. , Figueroa-Mujíca Rómulo J. , Bermudez Daniela , Tymko Michael M. , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Ainslie Philip N. , Pyke Kyra E.
Published: August 2019

Excessive erythrocytosis [EE; hemoglobin concentration (Hb) ≥ 21 g/dL in adult men] is a maladaptive high-altitude pathology associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (FMD); however, whether a similar impairment occurs in response to more commonly encountered sustained increases in shear stress [sustained stimulus (SS)-FMD] over a range of overlapping stimuli is unknown. We characterized SS-FMD in response to handgrip exercise in Andeans with and without EE in Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,330 m). Andean highlanders with EE ( n = 17, Hb = 23.2 ± 1.2 g/dL) and without EE ( n = 23, Hb = 18.7 ± 1.9 g/dL) performed 3 min of rhythmic handgrip exercise at 20, 35, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Duplex ultrasound was used to continuously record blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery, and blood viscosity was measured to accurately calculate shear stress. Although baseline shear stress did not differ, Andeans with EE had 22% lower shear stress than Andeans without at 50% MVC ( P = 0.004). At 35 and 50% MVC, SS-FMD was 2.1 ± 2.0 and 2.8 ± 2.7% in Andeans with EE compared with 4.1 ± 3.4 and 7.5 ± 4.5% in those without ( P = 0.048 and P < 0.001). The stimulus-response slope (∆shear stress vs. ∆diameter) was lower in Andeans with EE compared with Andeans without ( P = 0.028). This slope was inversely related to Hb in Andeans with EE ( r2 = 0.396, P = 0.007). A reduced SS-FMD in response to small muscle mass exercise in Andeans with EE indicates a generalized reduction in endothelial sensitivity to shear stress, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in this population.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-altitude excessive erythrocytosis (EE; hemoglobin concentration ≥ 21 g/dL) is a maladaptation to chronic hypoxia exposure and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We examined flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to sustained elevations in shear stress achieved using progressive handgrip exercise [sustained stimulus (SS)-FMD] in Andean highlanders with and without EE at 4,330 m. Andeans with EE demonstrated lower SS-FMD compared with those without. Heightened hemoglobin concentration was related to lower SS-FMD in Andeans with EE.
Quantitative Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from At-Risk and Normal Liver Parenchyma
Authors: Durot Isabelle , Sigrist Rosa M.S. , Kothary Nishita , Rosenberg Jarrett , Willmann Jürgen K. , El Kaffas Ahmed
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Quantitative ultrasound approaches can capture tissue morphologic properties to augment clinical diagnostics. This study aims to clinically assess whether quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) parameters measured in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues can be differentiated from those measured in at-risk or healthy liver parenchyma.

Experimental Design:

This prospective Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)–compliant study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Fifteen patients with HCC, 15 non-HCC patients with chronic liver disease, and 15 healthy volunteers were included (31.1% women; 68.9% men). Ultrasound radiofrequency data were acquired in each patient in both liver lobes at two focal depths (3/9 cm). Region of interests (ROIs) were drawn on HCC and liver parenchyma. The average normalized power spectrum for each ROI was extracted, and a linear regression was fit within the −6 dB bandwidth, from which the midband fit (MBF), spectral intercept (SI), and spectral slope (SS) were extracted. Differences in QUS parameters between the ROIs were tested by a mixed-effects regression.

Results:

There was a significant intraindividual difference in MBF, SS, and SI between HCC and adjacent liver parenchyma (P < 0.001), and a significant interindividual difference between HCC and at-risk and healthy non-HCC parenchyma (P < 0.001). In patients with HCC, cirrhosis (n = 13) did not significantly change any of the three parameters (P > 0.8) in differentiating HCC from non-HCC parenchyma. MBF (P = 0.12), SI (P = 0.33), and SS (P = 0.57) were not significantly different in non-HCC tissue among the groups.

Conclusions:

The QUS parameters are significantly different in HCC versus non-HCC liver parenchyma, independent of underlying cirrhosis. This could be leveraged for improved HCC detection with ultrasound in the future.
Intron 1–Mediated Regulation of EGFR Expression in EGFR-Dependent Malignancies Is Mediated by AP-1 and BET Proteins
Authors: Jameson Nathan M. , Ma Jianhui , Benitez Jorge , Izurieta Alejandro , Han Jee Yun , Mendez Robert , Parisian Alison , Furnari Frank
Published: August 2019

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in numerous solid tumors and is the subject of extensive therapeutic efforts. Much of the research on EGFR is focused on protein dynamics and downstream signaling; however, few studies have explored its transcriptional regulation. Here, we identified two enhancers (CE1 and CE2) present within the first intron of the EGFR gene in models of glioblastoma (GBM) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CE1 and CE2 contain open chromatin and H3K27Ac histone marks, enhance transcription in reporter assays, and interact with the EGFR promoter. Enhancer genetic deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduces EGFR transcript levels, with double deletion exercising an additive effect. Targeted repression of CE1 and CE2 by dCas9-KRAB demonstrates repression of transcription similar to that of genomic deletion. We identify AP-1 transcription factor family members in concert with BET bromodomain proteins as modulators of CE1 and CE2 activity in HNSCC and GBM through de novo motif identification and validate their presence. Genetic inhibition of AP-1 or pharmacologic disruption of BET/AP-1 binding results in downregulated EGFR protein and transcript levels, confirming a role for these factors in CE1 and CE2. Our results identify and characterize these novel enhancers, shedding light on the role that epigenetic mechanisms play in regulating EGFR transcription in EGFR-dependent cancers.

Implications:

We identify critical constituent enhancers present in the first intron of the EGFR gene, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of EGFR intron 1 enhancers through perturbation of AP-1 and BET in EGFR-positive malignancies.
O papel de La Douleur no processo de justiça de transição posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Mascaro Laura Degaspare Monte
Published: August 2019

Este artigo se propõe a analisar a obra La Douleur e a forma como Marguerite Duras enfrentou, por meio de sua escritura, o abismo produzido pelo evento da Segunda Guerra Mundial, contribuindo para sua transposição. O artigo incide também, direta e indiretamente, sobre os processos de busca do direito à memória e à verdade, questionando como usualmente se dá a busca da verdade em processos de justiça de transição.
Resenha do livro "Textos para nada", de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Maciel Ulisses Augusto Guimarães
Published: August 2019

Textos para nada, de Samuel Beckett, teve sua primeira versão publicada em conjunto com as novelas “O expulso”, “O calmante” e “O fim” no ano de 1955. Os treze fragmentos marcam o inicio de uma nova fase do complexo projeto estético beckettiano. Escritos entre os anos 1950 e 1952, os textos deixam evidente o conflito narrativo que se encontra no impasse entre a escrita e seu silêncio, entre o narrador e o objeto de sua narrativa. Com a tradução de Eloisa Araújo Ribeiro, publicada recentemente pela Cosac Naify, podemos finalmente experienciar a leitura em português, dessa obra que é um marco para literatura de um dos maiores escritores do século XX.
O romance no tribunal: o caso Madame Bovary
Authors: Müller Andréa Correa Paraiso
Published: August 2019

Ao longo do século XIX, processos judiciais foram movidos contra escritores na França, sob a acusação de ofensa à moral pública e religiosa e aos bons costumes. O presente artigo focaliza o processo sofrido por Gustave Flaubert por ocasião da publicação de Madame Bovary e o analisa no contexto da história do gênero romanesco, considerando a concepção de literatura vigente na época, bem como os critérios de avaliação de obras literárias no século XIX.
Genetically Determined Uric Acid and the Risk of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study of Outcomes Investigated in Randomized Trials
Authors: Efstathiadou Anthoula , Gill Dipender , McGrane Frances , Quinn Terence , Dawson Jesse
Published: August 2019

Background

Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with cardiovascular and neurovascular disease, but whether these relationships are causal is not known. We applied Mendelian randomization approaches to assess the association between genetically determined uric acid levels and outcomes under study in large clinical trials.

Methods and Results

We used 28 genetic variants related to serum uric acid as instruments to perform a range of 2‐sample Mendelian randomization methods. Our analysis had statistical power to detect clinically relevant effects of genetically determined serum uric acid levels on the considered clinical outcomes; cognitive function, Alzheimer disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure, and stroke. There was some suggestive evidence for an association between higher genetically determined serum uric acid and cognitive function. There was also some suggestive evidence of a relationship between coronary heart disease, systolic blood pressure, and the serum uric acid genetic instruments, but likely related to genetic pleiotropy. Overall, there was no consistent evidence of a clinically relevant effect of genetically determined serum uric acid on any of the considered outcomes.

Conclusions

This Mendelian randomization study does not support a clinically relevant causal effect of genetically determined serum urate on a range of cardiovascular and neurovascular outcomes. The weak association of genetically determined serum urate with coronary heart disease and systolic blood pressure may be because of pleiotropic effects. If urate lowering drugs such as allopurinol are found to affect these outcomes in clinical trials, then the effects may be mediated through urate independent mechanisms.
Leptin is involved in acrosome reaction by facilitating activation of MAPK cascades in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Li Qing , Zhao Haitao , He Lin , Yang Hongdan , Wang Qun
Published: August 2019

The role of leptin has been documented in several studies, including activated threonine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the reproduction of rodents and humans. Our previous studies have demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades ERK, P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are involved in the spermatogenesis and acrosome reaction of Eriocheir sinensis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of leptin and its receptor (LepR), and the effect of leptin on MAPK cascades during calcium ionophore A23187-induced spermatozoa acrosome reaction in crabs. Successful western blotting revealed a 16 kDa band for leptin, and 120 kDa and 90 kDa bands for the obese receptor (LepR), respectively, in the tested male reproductive tissues. Both leptin and LepR were localized at the pro-acrosomal vesicle and apical cap (AC) of spermatids, suggesting their role in the subsequent acrosome reaction. Moreover, acrosome reaction can be enhanced by leptin, and this effect decreased due to the anti-LepR antibody. Afterwards, we investigated the effects of leptin on MAPK cascades. The results showed that leptin mainly activated the phosphorylation of ERK, P38 and JNK proteins in the apical cap during the acrosome reaction in crab spermatozoa. This study addresses the role of leptin on spermatozoa, and suggests that leptin may induce molecular changes associated with spermatozoa during acrosome reaction.
A novel species in Lactarius sect. Atroviridi from Indian Himalaya

Authors: BERA ISHIKA , UNIYAL PRIYANKA , DAS KANAD
Published: August 2019

Lactarius viridinigrellus, a milkcap with green-black matted-fibrillose azonate pileus is proposed here as a novel species under L. subg. Lactarius sect. Atroviridi from subalpine forests of Eastern Himalaya in India. Detailed morphological description, supporting illustrations and nrITS-based phylogenetic estimation are presented. Comparison with allied species is also given.
New records of the rare, endemic species Spondylosium luetzelburgianum comb. nov. and S. simplex comb. nov. (Desmidiaceae) from Brazil

Authors: RAMOS GERALDO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , MOURA CARLOS WALLACE DO NASCIMENTO
Published: August 2019

The rare desmid species Sphaerozosma luetzelburgianum Krieger and Phymatodocis simplex Förster, endemic to Brazil, are transferred to the genus Spondylosium. Distribution data as well as taxonomic notes on the two species are provided.
A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from the eastern Andean slopes of the southern Ecuador
Authors: VALENCIA JORGE H. , VALLADARES-SUNTASIG FRANCISCO , TIPANTIZA-TUGUMINAGO LUIS , DUEÑAS MANUEL R.
Published: August 2019

A new frog of the genus Pristimantis is described from a montane cloud forest at 9 de Octubre (2°14’52” S, 78°16’37” W; 1778 m) province of Morona Santiago in the upper basin of the Upano River, southeastern Ecuador. The description of the new species is based on the examination of eleven adult males and three adult females. The new taxon can be readily distinguished from other congeneric species that inhabit the eastern Andes of Ecuador by the unique combination of the following characters: small body (adult males SVL 12.0–17.0 mm, adult females SVL 18.5–21.7 mm); skin of dorsum finely shagreen with two subconical scapular tubercles, weak and discontinuous dorsolateral folds in the middle of the back; large tympanum 70–93% of eye diameter; snout subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; upper eyelid bearing four or five small and flat supraocular tubercles; males lacking vocal slits and nuptial pads; all discs on fingers and toes lanceolate. Additionally, we provide information on the advertisement call and natural history of the new species.
Essays on Paula Rego
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

In these powerful and stylishly written essays, Maria Manuel Lisboa dissects the work of Paula Rego, the Portuguese-born artist considered one of the greatest artists of modern times. Focusing primarily on Rego’s work since the 1980s, Lisboa explores the complex relationships between violence and nurturing, power and impotence, politics and the family that run through Rego’s art.

Taking a historicist approach to the evolution of the artist’s work, Lisboa embeds the works within Rego’s personal history as well as Portugal’s (and indeed other nations’) stories, and reveals the interrelationship between political significance and the raw emotion that lies at the heart of Rego’s uncompromising iconographic style. Fundamental to Lisboa’s analysis is an understanding that apparent opposites – male and female, sacred and profane, aggression and submissiveness – often co-exist in Rego’s work in a way that is both disturbing and destabilising.

This collection of essays brings together both unpublished and previously published work to make a significant contribution to scholarship about Paula Rego. It will also be of interest to scholars and students of contemporary painting, Portuguese and British feminist art, and the political and ideological aspects of the visual arts.
4. An Interesting Condition
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

In Chapter Four, Lisboa examines a series of ten pastels (the Abortion series); Rego’s motivation for producing them, including her anger with organized religion; and the focus of the images. Rego’s pastels and sketches are placed within the context of the political upheaval of events surrounding the abortion controversy. In this respect, Lisboa discusses the Catholic Church’s political influence, particularly in Portugal; the history of abortion law in Portugal, as well as anti-abortionism; and the extreme risks involved in childbirth. This chapter also explores the gaze of viewers, male and female; the blurring of categories of pain and pleasure; and the effect of Rego’s pictures on the individual viewer and society, taking into consideration emotions, morals, and control.
5. Brave New Worlds
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines Rego’s work concerning Portugal’s discovery and colonization of Brazil, including the implications for the colonizer and the colonized. Lisboa explores the woman’s plight that is found at the heart of her work, and considers the growing significance of the female body in Rego’s work from the mid-1990s. Lisboa discusses the twinned themes of maternity and mother(land) in Rego’s work, and the origins of Brazil as an independent nation with a basis in two family romances. Finally, Lisboa examines Rego’s First Mass in Brazil, with particular attention to the fish that feature in this work, and the mixture of good fortune and misery represented in the painting.
6. I Am Coming to Your Kingdom, Prince Horrendous
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

Chapter Six examines the function of the genre of the fantastic – spanning fantasy, the supernatural, gothic literature, science fiction and the metaphysical. In this vein Lisboa explores Rego as a narrative artist, focusing on three different groups of images (drawn from children’s fairy tales and nursery rhymes, five different literary sources, and the picture Inês de Castro), all sharing the theme of violence in the name of love and all casting a series of Princesses Horrendous. Finally, the history, interpretation, and significance of those three different groups of images is considered.
7. Paula and the Madonna
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

This chapter discusses Rego’s Virgin Mary works, which not only engage with aspects of the Marian cult, but also question some basic premises of Christian dogma. Lisboa argues that in these images, key doctrinal points are contravened by a series of compositional, symbolic, and casting devices, and she explores the effect of this contravention. Lisboa then examines the artist’s emphasis on the human condition of Mary and Jesus. Lisboa further explores the artistic tradition of religious imagery, both the difficulty it poses for artists, and Rego’s employment and exploration of it. Religious polarization and skepticism, such as the Epicurean Paradox, are considered. In the remaining sections of the chapter, Lisboa gives a full discussion of Rego’s focus on Mary in these works, and the questions that they invite.
Prologue: A Patriot for Me
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: August 2019

In the Prologue, Lisboa identifies the key themes permeating the book: love and reversals of love; negative aspects and interests of patriarchy; and the ways in which Paula Rego connects the personal and the political. Discussed is Rego’s perspective; her destabilization of expectations and assumptions; and a set of tensions in her life and work – between external conformity and internal revolt, and between outward good manners and an inward drive towards iconoclasticism. Lisboa examines Rego's focus on history; the theme of domination; and Great Britain and Portugal's impact on the artist's work. Portugal’s key historical events are described, including the impact of Salazar, Sebastianismo, and the Salazarista blueprint for national life (partly modelled on Hitler’s Germany). The author explores Rego's work from the 1980s onwards, including the interpretation and the impact of disappointed political hopes; and textualism/contextualism. Lisboa is critical of several aspects of the art history establishment: its encouragement of the conventional; its traditional analytical methods, including the failure to ask new questions; and its intellectual relevance.
New Era of Air Quality Monitoring from Space: Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
Authors: Kim Jhoon , Jeong Ukkyo , Ahn Myoung-Hwan , Kim Jae H. , Park Rokjin J. , Lee Hanlim , Song Chul Han , Choi Yong-Sang , Lee Kwon-Ho , Yoo Jung-Moon , Jeong Myeong-Jae , Park Seon Ki , Lee Kwang-Mog , Song Chang-Keun , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Young Joon , Kim Si-Wan , Kim Mijin , Go Sujung , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Chan Miller Christopher , Al-Saadi Jay , Veihelmann Ben , Bhartia Pawan K. , Torres Omar , Abad Gonzalo González , Haffner David P. , Ko Dai Ho , Lee Seung Hoon , Woo Jung-Hun , Chong Heesung , Park Sang Seo , Nicks Dennis , Choi Won Jun , Moon Kyung-Jung , Cho Ara , Yoon Jongmin , Kim Sang-kyun , Hong Hyunkee , Lee Kyunghwa , Lee Hana , Lee Seoyoung , Choi Myungje , Veefkind Pepijn , Levelt Pieternel F. , Edwards David P. , Kang Mina , Eo Mijin , Bak Juseon , Baek Kanghyun , Kwon Hyeong-Ahn , Yang Jiwon , Park Junsung , Han Kyung Man , Kim Bo-Ram , Shin Hee-Woo , Choi Haklim , Lee Ebony , Chong Jihyo , Cha Yesol , Koo Ja-Ho , Irie Hitoshi , Hayashida Sachiko , Kasai Yasko , Kanaya Yugo , Liu Cheng , Lin Jintai , Crawford James H. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Newchurch Michael J. , Lefer Barry L. , Herman Jay R. , Swap Robert J. , Lau Alexis K. H. , Kurosu Thomas P. , Jaross Glen , Ahlers Berit , Dobber Marcel , McElroy C. Thomas , Choi Yunsoo
Published: August 2019

The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled for launch in February 2020 to monitor air quality (AQ) at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) for the first time. With the development of UV–visible spectrometers at sub-nm spectral resolution and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, estimates of the column amounts of atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, and aerosols) can be obtained. To date, all the UV–visible satellite missions monitoring air quality have been in low Earth orbit (LEO), allowing one to two observations per day. With UV–visible instruments on GEO platforms, the diurnal variations of these pollutants can now be determined. Details of the GEMS mission are presented, including instrumentation, scientific algorithms, predicted performance, and applications for air quality forecasts through data assimilation. GEMS will be on board the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 2 (GEO-KOMPSAT-2) satellite series, which also hosts the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager 2 (GOCI-2). These three instruments will provide synergistic science products to better understand air quality, meteorology, the long-range transport of air pollutants, emission source distributions, and chemical processes. Faster sampling rates at higher spatial resolution will increase the probability of finding cloud-free pixels, leading to more observations of aerosols and trace gases than is possible from LEO. GEMS will be joined by NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) and ESA’s Sentinel-4 to form a GEO AQ satellite constellation in early 2020s, coordinated by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS).
Paleodust Insights into Dust Impacts on Climate
Authors: Albani Samuel , Mahowald Natalie M.
Published: August 2019

Mineral dust acts both as a tracer and a forcing agent of climate change. Past dust variability, imprinted in paleodust records from natural archives, offers the unique opportunity to reconstruct the global dust cycle within a range of possibilities that plausibly encompass future variations in response to climate change and land-cover and land-use changes. Dust itself has direct and indirect feedbacks on the climate system, through impacts on the atmosphere radiative budget and the carbon cycle. Starting from well-constrained reconstructions of the present and past dust cycle, we focus on quantifying dust direct impacts on the atmospheric radiation. We discuss the intrinsic effects of dust onto climate, and how changes in the global dust budget and surface conditions modulate the effective impacts on surface temperatures and precipitation. Most notably, the presence of dust tends to enhance the West African monsoon and warm the Arctic. We also highlight how different choices in terms of dust optical properties and size distributions may yield opposite results, and what are the observational constraints we can use to make an informed choice of model parameters. Finally, we discuss how dust variability might have influenced ongoing climate transitions in the past. In particular we found that a reduction in dust load, along with a reduced cryosphere cover, acted to offset Arctic warming during the deglaciation, potentially playing a role in shaping the Northern Hemisphere deglacial dynamics.
Energetics of the Western Hemisphere Circulation Pattern
Authors: Tan Xin , Bao Ming , Ren Xuejuan
Published: August 2019

The Western Hemisphere (WH) circulation pattern, identified by self-organizing maps cluster analysis, is a low-frequency atmospheric regime that influences the fluctuations of large-scale circulation over the North Pacific–North American–North Atlantic areas. The reanalysis datasets from ECMWF are used to estimate the energetics of the WH pattern in this study. The composite results based on monthly WH events reveal that the kinetic energy (KE) associated with the WH pattern is maintained through the barotropic conversion from the climatological-mean westerlies, mainly in the Atlantic jet exit regions. The KE could also be gained through the barotropic feedback forcing from transient eddies. The corresponding baroclinic conversion of available potential energy (APE) from the climatological-mean state, which contributes most efficiently to the energy maintenance of the WH pattern, is obvious in the middle and lower troposphere, owing to the thermal contrast of the colder continent and warmer ocean over the North America–North Atlantic sector. The baroclinic conversion associated with the heat flux on the climatological temperature gradient is consistent with the southwestward-tilting height anomalies from 850 to 500 hPa. The baroclinic feedback from transient eddies contributes negatively to the energy conversion and destroys the maintenance of the WH pattern.
A Typology of College Transition and Support Programs: Situating a 2-Year Comprehensive College Transition Program Within College Access
Authors: Hallett Ronald E. , Kezar Adrianna , Perez Rosemary J. , Kitchen Joseph A.
Published: August 2019

College transition and support programs have emerged over the past century as important tools that institutions can employ to improve student outcomes. With the variety of approaches used, a common language is needed to discuss why and how programs relate to institutional goals and relate to student outcomes. In this article, we present and discuss the College Transition and Support Program Typology as a way of understanding how programs are similar and different in their approach to addressing barriers and creating opportunities for student success. The typology centers on student needs, focus, duration, and timing as important program dimensions. We then apply the typology to a comprehensive college transition program to illustrate the dimensions. The final section discusses a set of criteria for practitioners to consider when designing a program and making choices about what type of transition initiatives may be most suitable for one’s campus and student needs.
Sense of Belonging and Mattering Among Two Cohorts of First-Year Students Participating in a Comprehensive College Transition Program
Authors: Cole Darnell , Newman Christopher B. , Hypolite Liane I.
Published: August 2019

For first-year students who carry traditionally marginalized identities, comprehensive college transition programs (CCTPs) can offer key wraparound services to help address some of the major academic, social, and financial barriers they may encounter. This article looks at one such CCTP implemented at three public college campuses serving a range of students, including those from low-income, first-generation, and racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. More specifically, this study uses regression analyses to look at two cohorts of first-year students’ experiences related to sense of belonging and mattering to their CCTP. The findings suggest that when considering students’ experiences in the CCTP, staff care and support and perceptions of grade check meetings were experiences that were significantly related to both sense of belonging and mattering.
Recycling of denim fabric wastes into high-performance composites using the needle-punching nonwoven fabrication route
Authors: Meng Xue , Fan Wei , Ma Yanli , Wei Tongxue , Dou Hao , Yang Xue , Tian Huixia , Yu Yang , Zhang Tao , Gao Li
Published: August 2019

At present, a large number of waste textiles are disposed through incineration and burial, which cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, recycling textile wastes into high mechanical products with eco-friendly method is an urgent issue. Based on the above status quo, three kinds of 3D waste denim fiber needled felts/epoxy composites (3DWECs) with different areal densities of the mono-layer fiber web were designed and fabricated, and the effect of the areal density of the mono-layer fiber web on its mechanical properties was studied in this work. The cross-section morphologies of 3DWECs were also examined. Tensile, bending and compressive test results revealed that 2# 3DWECs (the planar density of mono-layer fiber webs was 557 g/m2) possessed better mechanical properties than 1# 3DWECs and 3# 3DWECs. Both the static and dynamic mechanical testing results showed that 3D waste denim fiber needled felts acting as the reinforcement played an essential role in the bearing function. Moreover, the peel tests indicated that the peel strengths of the 3DWECs were above the limits of the Chinese National Standard for particle board. The composites have the potential as a substitute for some particle boards.
Interdisciplinary video review: Assessing milestones and providing feedback
Authors: Delbridge Emilee J , Wilson Tanya , McGregor James D , Ankerman Jared S
Published: August 2019

Literature within residency education states that directly observing resident–patient visits with the goal of providing formative and summative feedback to learners is helpful for resident skill development. However, limited literature exists regarding what specifically is most effective to observe and evaluate. Furthermore, the perspectives of learners are not always taken into consideration in the development and implementation of direct observation or video review of resident–patient encounters. This article overviews some of the current literature relevant to family medicine training and provides a description of some of the changes in one residency’s use of recorded encounters. Suggestions are provided for future steps for family medicine residencies to effectively utilize video review.
Hope Springs: Moderating the Link Between Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms for African American Emerging Adults
Authors: Khahra Amardeep , Thomas Alvin , Caffrey Sarah , Taylor Eric , Stull Matthew , Beasley Courtney , Hudson Banks Kira , Kohn-Wood Laura
Published: August 2019

To better understand the moderating effect of coping mechanisms (distraction and rumination) and internal assets (hope) on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, a sample of 363 African American students (65.3% female; mean age = 20.25 years; SD = 2.39) from two large Midwestern universities were surveyed using self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to explore the relationships among the variables and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that discrimination (B = 0.10, p < .001) and ruminative coping (B = 1.05, p < .001) were positively related to depressive symptoms, while hope was negatively related to depression (B = −0.33, p < .001). Further, the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms was moderated by hope (B = 0.01, p = .02). The interaction between discrimination and depressive symptoms suggested that participants who reported low levels of hope also reported more depressive symptoms regardless of level of discrimination, compared with those who reported high hope. For these African American emerging adults, the results bring to light the potential of an internal asset that aids in reduction of depressive symptoms in response to constant, potential harm such as racial discrimination.
Single-Case Data Analysis: A Practitioner Guide for Accurate and Reliable Decisions
Authors: Ninci Jennifer
Published: August 2019

Practitioners frequently use single-case data for decision-making related to behavioral programming and progress monitoring. Visual analysis is an important and primary tool for reporting results of graphed single-case data because it provides immediate, contextualized information. Criticisms exist concerning the objectivity and reliability of the visual analysis process. When practitioners are equipped with knowledge about single-case designs, including threats and safeguards to internal validity, they can make technically accurate conclusions and reliable data-based decisions with relative ease. This paper summarizes single-case experimental design and considerations for professionals to improve the accuracy and reliability of judgments made from single-case data. This paper can also help practitioners to appropriately incorporate single-case research design applications in their practice.
The Hope Fulfilled? Measuring Research Performance of Universities in the Economic Crisis
Authors: Zhang Qiantao , Clayton Paige A. , Breznitz Shiri M.
Published: August 2019

The economic and financial crisis of 2008–2013 caused most universities to revisit their traditional funding allocations. In a time of budget constraints, some universities have been able to enjoy an increasing level of research expenditure, while other aspects of their budgets have been cut. This article analyzes changes in research funding and output at three research universities in Atlanta, Georgia, between 2002 and 2015, covering periods both before and after the crisis. Although the amount of research expenditure has continued to increase in the three universities after the crisis, the efficiency of research funding has declined. The results argue that the approach undertaken by governments and universities after the crisis has been partial and too narrowly focused on the financial terms of research to take into consideration many relevant factors constraining research performance of academics.