bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK PADA TANAH LIAT TERHADAP PRODUKSI RUMPUT RAJA (Pennisetumpurpuroides) SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA
Authors: Sujarwo Sujarwo , Praptiwi Irine Ike , Muchlis Dirwan
Published: July 2019

This research aims to know the influence of the concentration of organic fertilizer of soil on the production of King grass (Pennisetumpurpuroides). This research using methods of randomized block design 3x2 treatment with 3 replicates. Treatment of I = K1L1 (clay fertilizer dose is 6 kg/plot), II treatment = K1L2 (clay fertilizer dose is 12 kg/plot), treatment of the III = K1L3 (clay fertilizer dose 18 kg/plot). The parameters observed were brangkas wet weight (height of plants, number of stem per block, number of leaves, stem diameter, heavy wet per block), heavy wet leaves and dry weight of leaves. The results of the study increased the wet weight and dry weight of K1L3 with an average weight of 3,200 grams and dry weight. 440.1 grams.

Key Word  : Organicfertilizer; soil type; production; king grass
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF ACANTHASTER PLANCI ON THE REEF FLAT AT THE SOUTHERN PART OF BUNAKEN ISLAND
Authors: Napitupulu Patritia , Tioho Hanny , Windarto Agung
Published: July 2019

The information on population structure of Acanthaster planci in Bunaken National Park (BNP) is urgent to be presented in order to be considered in decision making especially on coral reef management in BNP. The objectives of  this study was to examine the  population structure of A. planci, represented by the diameter and weight, number of arms, while the density, distribution and types of coral predation by reef animals in the Southern part of Bunaken Island also observed. Data were collected at the three locations namely, front reef flat (FRF), middle reef flat (MRF) and back reef flat (BRF) with total coverage area of ​​100 x 50 meters. Sixty two individuals (41 at night and 21 at day time) were found with a body diameter ranging between 14 – 28 cm, whereas body weight ranged from 80 – 700 gr, with the number of arms between 9 until 17. The density of A. planci during day time was 0.0042 ind/m2, while the night time was 0.0082 ind/m2, moreover the animal is generally spread aggregated. The results of this study indicated that the population of A. planci in BNP was an adult population with density is still relatively normal, despite an alert sign for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems in the BNP.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Acanthaster planci ON THE REEF FLAT AT THE SOUTHERN PART OF BUNAKEN ISLAND
Authors: Napitupulu Patritia , Tioho Hanny , Windarto Agung
Published: July 2019

The information on population structure of Acanthaster planci in Bunaken National Park (BNP) is urgent to be presented in order to be considered in decision making especially on coral reef management in BNP. The objectives of  this study was to examine the  population structure of A. planci, represented by the diameter and weight, number of arms, while the density, distribution and types of coral predation by reef animals in the Southern part of Bunaken Island also observed. Data were collected at the three locations namely, front reef flat (FRF), middle reef flat (MRF) and back reef flat (BRF) with total coverage area of ​​100 x 50 meters. Sixty two individuals (41 at night and 21 at day time) were found with a body diameter ranging between 14 – 28 cm, whereas body weight ranged from 80 – 700 gr, with the number of arms between 9 until 17. The density of A. planci during day time was 0.0042 ind/m2, while the night time was 0.0082 ind/m2, moreover the animal is generally spread aggregated. The results of this study indicated that the population of A. planci in BNP was an adult population with density is still relatively normal, despite an alert sign for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems in the BNP.
Morfologi Gisik Pantai Desa Kalasey Satu Kecamatan Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Sasauw Wilfrits F. F. , Manengkey Hermanto W. K. , Opa Esry T.
Published: July 2019

Aktivitasmanusia di wilayah pantai terlihat sangat berpengaruh pada proses perubahangaris pantai. Reklamasi, pertambahan penduduk, dan aktivitas manusia lainnyamemberikan dampak terhadap perubahan wilayah pesisir, seperti terjadinyaabrasi, pembuangan limbah, erosi pantai, dan sedimentasi. Berdasarkan surveiawal, wilayah Pantai Kalasey mengalami abrasi dan mengakibatkan hilangnyasebagian lahan daratan yang disebabkan oleh proses laut berupa gelombang danarus. Berdasarkan informasi masyarakat, proses abrasi telah berlangsung kurang30 tahun dan diperkirakan telah terjadi kemunduran garis pantai 500 meter.Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada periode bulan purnama, 08 – 09 Maret 2012didapatkan, gisik pantai kalasey tergolong kriteria lereng pendek dan landaidengan tunggang air pasut sebesar 2,80 cm, sementara periode gelombang sebesar2,25 – 8,97 detik. Arus permukaan terukur, maksimum 0,298 knot. Materialsedimen umumnya tergolong mulai dari pasir halus hingga kerakal. Bentuk kurvadistribusi granulometri sedimen gisik adalah asimetris kuat ke ukuran kecil.Peruncingan memiliki kriteria pada sangat platikurtik, platikurtik,leptokurtic, sangat leptokurtic, dan mesokurtik. Sebagai informasi awal, hasilstudi morfologi gisik kawasan wisata Pantai Kalasey ini berpeluang diujikanuntuk periode waktu lainnya.  Dengandemikian diharapkan upaya pengelolaan daerah ini ditopang dengan data daninformasi corak gisik dan daerah pantainya yang lebih memadai.
PERKEMBANGAN MUTIARA MABÉ PADA PINCTADA MARGARITIFERA DI PERAIRAN ARAKAN, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Makhas Khesyia A. , Mamangkey N. Gustaf F. , Mantiri Desy M. H.
Published: July 2019

Pinctada margaritifera adalah spesies kerang mutiara yang umumnya menghasilkan mutiara berwarna hitam sehingga dikenal sebagai mutiara hitam. Di Sulawesi Utara, spesies ini banyak menempati daerah laguna di perairan Arakan, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Salah satu jenis mutiara yang bisa diproduksi dari spesies kerang ini adalah mutiara jenis mabé. Namun, kajian ilmiah tentang struktur dan senyawa mutiara yang dihasilkan dari kerang P. margaritifera yang berasal dari perairan Arakan belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat ketebalan lapisan mutiara jenis mabé berdasarkan pertambahan waktu dan mendeskripsikan bentuk struktur pada lapisan mutiara jenis mabé berdasarkan pertambahan waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama tujuh bulan dengan tiga kali masa sampling yaitu pada bulan kedua, keenam dan ketujuh. Pada bulan awal dilakukan penyisipan/penempelan inti mutiara setengah bulat berbahan plastik pada dinding bagian dalam dari cangkang kerang P. margaritifera. Pertumbuhan lapisan diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil pengamatan yang didapat adalah tebal rata-rata lapisan mutiara bulan kedua adalah 0,201 mm, bulan keenam adalah 1,026 mm dan 0,914 mm pada bulan ketujuh. Berdasarkan analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa struktur bangunan lapisan mutiara seperti susunan batu bata dengan ukuran platelet aragonite rata-rata pada bulan kedua adalah 0,511 µm dan pada bulan keenam adalah 0,604 µm.
Zat Hara (Fosfat, Nitrat), Oksigen Terlarut dan pH Kaitannya Dengan Kesuburan di Perairan Jikumerasa, Pulau Buru
Authors: Patty Simon I , Arfah Hairati , Abdul Malik S
Published: July 2019

Pengamatan zat hara (fosfat, nitrat), oksigen terlarut dan pH telah dilakukan di perairan Jikumerasa, Pulau Buru pada bulan April 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas air ditinjau dari kandungan zat hara yang merupakan indikator kesuburan perairan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Analisa fosfat dan nitrat berdasarkan metoda spektrofotometri menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS Shimadzu f1700. Kadar oksigen terlarut ditentukan dengan metoda titrasi Winkler dan derajat keasaman (pH) diukur dengan pH meter HANNA seri HI9024. Hasilnya menunjukkan kadar fosfat berkisar antara 0,005-0,012  mg/l, nitrat antara 0,013-0,015 mg/l, oksigen terlarut antara 5,57-5,96 dan pH 7,65-7,67. Kadar fosfat, nitrat, oksigen terlarut dan nilai pH perairan Jikumerasa tergolong normal untuk kesuburan suatu perairan dan masih baik untuk kehidupan berbagai biota
Pemurnian Dan Karakterisasi Lektin Dari Alga Laut Eucheuma cotonii
Authors: Rawung L. D. , Mangindaan R. E. P. , Posangi J.
Published: July 2019

Lektin adalah protein yang mengikat monosakarida dan oligosakarida secara spesifik tetapi tanpa aktivitas katalisis (yaitu bukan enzim) dan, berbeda dengan antitibody yaitu bukanlah produk dari suatu respon sistim pertahanan tubuh.    Lektin dapat mengagglutinasi berbagai macam sel seperti limfosit, sperma, bakteri dan jamur.  Dengan sifat-sifatnya ini, lektin dapat berperan dalam pencegahan infeksi HIV dan AIDS dan pertahanan terhadap virus dan infeksi dari bakteri dan juga pencegahan terjadinya pembuahan.  Walaupun peningkatan telah dibuat melalui karakterisasi biokimia dari lektin alga laut ini, informasi tambahan diperlukan untuk pengertian yang lebih komprehensif tentang sifat-sifat, struktur bahkan fungsi biologis mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan alga merah laut Eucheuma cotonii sebagai sumber lektin.  Pemurnian lektin menggunakan serangkaian metode yang dimulai dari ekstraksi, kolom kromatografi dan diakhiri dengan SDS-PAGE.  Penentuan karakteristiknya dilakukan melalui pengujian terhadap eritrosit dan beberapa jenis gula untuk menentukan aktivitas hemaglutinasi dan jenis gula spesifik.  Dari hasil Ekstraksi ekstrak kasar lektin diperoleh sebanyak 1.86% dari berat keringnya.  Setelah melewati kolom kromatografi dari 25 tabung yang dihasilkan  hanya diperoleh 5 tabung yang memiliki kandungan lektin.  Melalui SDS-PAGE diperoleh lektin murni dengan berat molekul 11,7 kD.  Konsentrasi terkecil lektin yang masih memiliki aktivitas hemagglutinasi adalah 2,75 µg.mL-1.  Aktivitas hemaglutinasi lektin ini dapat dihambat oleh gula L-Rhamnose dan Maltose.
Deskripsi SWOT, KAFI dan KAFE terhadap Hasil Penelitian di Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan UNSRAT
Authors: Bahagia Yuses , Paruntu Carolus , Darwisito Suria
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman  (SWOT), serta kesimpulan analisis faktor internal (KAFI) dan kesimpulan analisis faktor eksternal (KAFE) terhadaphasil penelitian di Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan FPIK Unsrat periode tahun 2012-2014. Metode penelitian adalahsurvey dan deskriptif.  Data diperoleh melalui: A. Pengkajian hasil-hasil penelitian dari Paruntu dan Kumaat (2015a,b); B.Wawancara dengan para keterwakilan dari peneliti dan mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan serta pimpinan FPIK; C. Studi pustaka dan penelusuran dokumen kebijakan pada Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis SWOT.Hasil deskripsi SWOT melalui KAFI dan KAFE diperoleh: A.Dua kekuatan utama, yaitu adanya 10 profesor dan 33 doktor yang relatif masih panjang dalam usia kerja dan adanya visi, misi, tujuan dan sasaran yang terukur tentang penelitian; B.Dua kelemahan utama, yaitu jumlah luaran penelitian di bidang kelautan masih kurang dan kurangnya mahasiswa dilibatkan dalam penelitian dosen; C.Dua peluang utama, yaitu banyaknya skema penelitian yang ditawarkan oleh pemerintah pusat untuk perguruan tinggi dan adanya visi Pemerintah RI Jokowi-JK menjadikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia memberi peluang untuk melaksanakan banyaknya penelitian; D.Dua ancaman utama, yaitu tingkat persaingan di bidang penelitian yang semakin meningkat dan adanya dosen di luar Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan yang memenangkan kompetisi penelitian nasional atau perguruan tinggi di bidang kelautan.  Rekomendasi untuk penelitian lanjutan adalah FPIK Unsrat perlu menetapkan strategi penelitian di bidang ilmu kelautan menggunakan analisis SWOT.
Identifikasi sirip ikan hiu yang didapat dari pengumpul di Minahasa Tenggara menggunakan DNA Barcode
Authors: Wehantouw Andre , Ginting Elvy , Wullur Stenly
Published: July 2019

Populasi ikan hiu global menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan karena; penangkapan yang masif dan tak terkontrol, karakter biologi reproduksi yang lambat serta fekunditas yang rendah.  Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara kontributor terbesar dalam perdagangan sirip ikan hiu dunia. Tingginya aktifitas perdagangan sirip tersebut berpengaruh terhadap populasi ikan hiu dan berdampak pada turunnya kualitas keseimbangan ekosistem laut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi ikan hiu dari potongan sirip yang didapat dari pengumpul di Tumbak, Minahasa Tenggara menggunakan DNA barcode.  Ekstraksi DNA genom sirip hiu kering dilakukan dengan menggunakan prosedur DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit, amplifikasi gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer Fish BCL5 (TCAACYAATCAYAAAGATATYGGCAC) dan HCO2198 (TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAA TCA). Pengolahan data sekuens dilakukan dengan menggunakan program ABsequence3 dan MEGA ver 6.  Pencocokan karakter nukleotida gen COI dilakukan dengan menggunakan program nBLAST yang terintegrasi pada laman GenBank. Sampel sirip yang berhasil dikoleksi berasal dari 4 individu yang berbeda.  Hasil nBLAST menunjukkan bahwa keempat sampel sirip hiu tersebut teridentifikasi sebagai spesies Triaenodon obesus.  Nilai keakuratan pensejajaran sekuens, nilai dugaan, prosentase panjang nukleotida yang selaras, dan prosentase tingkat kemiripan, masing-masing pada nilai antara 604-1245, 0.0, 70-99% dan 92-99%.
Morfometri lereng gisik di pantai Tumpaan kecamatan Tumpaan kabupaten Minahasa Selatan
Authors: Namoua Febrik , Manengkey Hermanto , Rampengan Royke
Published: July 2019

Gisik adalah salah satu bentuklahan yang dicirikan oleh material sedimen berupa pasir atau kerikil, gisik juga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia sebagai tempat penambatan perahu para nelayan, industri perikanan, pariwisata, dan bangunan pemukiman di sekitar lahan gisik. Penelitian ini, dilakukan di pantai Tumpaan Kecamatan Tumpaan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, kawasannya tepat di teluk Amurang. Serangkaian penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengobservasi perubahan kemiringan lereng gisik terhadap sebaran kemiringan lereng serta deposisi dan erosi. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan data primer atau diamati secara langsung, selanjutnya untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian dilakukan pengukuran kemiringan lereng gisik dengan menggunakan alat rakitan maupun alat portabel yang berupa water pas, tali, meteran. Sehubungan dengan pengukuran tersebut metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan penelitian yaitu menerapkan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan berdasarkan tujuan, untuk menelaah perubahan morfometri lereng gisik pantai Tumpaan dalam dua waktu yang berbeda yaitu 19 Februari 2015 dan 12 September 2015. Data hasil pengukuran morfometri gisik, selanjutnya data diolah menggunakan komputer dengan perangkat lunak surfer 8 serta perangkat lunak Arc-Gis. Dengan Arc-Gis dapat dibaca nilai-nilai sebaran kemiringan lereng serta sebaran deposisi dan erosi pada lahan gisik yang di telaah. Berdasarkan data hasil pengolahan sebaran kemiringan lereng pada 19 Februari 2015 terkriteria lereng landai yaitu 26,96 % dan pada 12 September 2015 terkriteria lereng sangat miring yaitu 30,18 %. Sedangkan sebaran erosi 9053553,11 m3 dan deposisi 13440584,39 m3.
Tempat bertelur penyu di pulau Salibabu kabupaten Talaud
Authors: Balaira Enos , Boneka Farnis , Wagey Billy
Published: July 2019

Penyu telah dinyatakan sebagai zatwa lindung, namun tempat bertelur penyu terabaikan dalam pengelolaan wilayah pantai dan pesisir; dampaknya, tempat bertelur penyu mengalami gangguan bahkan penyusutan akibat konversi lahan wilayah pantai untuk berbagai peruntukkan. Penyu meletakkan telur di mintakat pantai di atas garis pasang tertinggi di wilayah di mana mereka ditetaskan. Tempat bertelur penyu pada umumnya belum terdokumentasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan dan mendiskripsi keadaan umum lokasi bertelur penyu di Pulau Salibabu, Talaud. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan warga lokal yang pada umumnya bermukim di wilayah pesisir. Warga lokal mengenal tiga jenis penyu yakni penyu hijau atau C. mydas, penyu sisik atau E. imbricate dan penyu belimbing atau D. coriacea. Di Pulau Salibabu tercatat sepuluh tempat bertelur yakni Pantai Kalongan, Pantai Pasir Panjang, Pantai Rammenna, Pantai Matandikka, Pantai Apai, Pantai Tarawatta, Patai Dingkaren, Pantai Pasir Putih, Pantai Lairre, Pantai Batupengan. Letak tempat bertelur tersebut pada umumnya di luar wilayah pemukiman. Posisi geografis setiap lokasi bertelur penyu dicatat dan telah dipetahkan. Vegetasi yang tumbuh di sekitar lokasi sarang didominasi oleh pohon Kelapa (C. nucifera), Pandan Pantai (P. tectorius). Sedimen pasir berwarna putih dan berdasarkan ukuran butir termasuk kategori pasir sedang. Lokasi bertelur penyu patut dijadikan kawasan konservasi.
Kondisi kualitas air (aspek mikroorganisme) di perairan sekitar Pulau Bunaken, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Larat Roberto , Lasut Markus , Bara Robert
Published: July 2019

Pada umumnya, kondisi perairan yang berada di sekitar Pulau Bunaken tidak terlepas dari pembuangan limbah cair, misalnya : mandi, cuci dan kakus, serta tempat pembuangan sampah. Bertolak dari hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji keberadaan kualitas limbah cair dalam aspek mikroorganisme di perairan sekitar pulau Bunaken dengan mengukur konsentrasi Escherichia coli dan coliform.Konsentrasi Escherichia coli berturut-turut pada titik sampling (TS) I (<1 MPN/100 ml), II (<1 MPN/100 ml) , dan III (<1 MPN/100 ml), dan pada titik sampling (TS) IV (1,0 MPN/100 ml), V (1,0 MPN/100 ml) , dan VI (1,0 MPN/100 ml). Coliformmemiliki jumlah konsentrasi yang sama, yaitu berturut-turut pada titik sampling (TS) I, II, III, IV, V, dan VI dengan jumlah 2.0 MPN/100 ml.Status perairan sekitar pulau Bunaken pada tabel perbandingan antara hasil pengukuran dan standart Baku Mutu Air Laut Untuk Wisata Bahari, masih memenuhi syarat atau tidak melewati batas yang ditetapkan dalam KEPMEN L.H. No.179 tahun 2004.Sedangkan berdasarkan KEPMEN L.H. No.51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut Untuk Biota Laut, berada dalam kategori “layak” sebagai peruntukan air laut untuk biota laut, berdasarkan parameter Escherichia coli dan coliform.
Estimasi penyerapan karbon hutan mangrove Bahowo Kelurahan Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken
Authors: Bachmid Fihri , Sondak Calvyn , Kusen Janny
Published: July 2019

Hutan mangrove merupakan sumber daya alam daerah pesisir yang mempunyai banyak manfaat sangat luas baik secara ekologis, ekonomis, maupun sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi potensi kandungan karbon (C) dan serapan karbondioksida (CO2) pohon mangrove Bahowo di Kelurahan Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken. Estimasi potensi biomassa, kandungan karbon, dan serapan karbondioksida pada pohon mangrove dilakukan dalam empat plot 10 x 10 m2 dengan jarak antar plot sejauh 50 m serta menggunakan persamaan allometrik. Setiap pohon yang ada dalam plot dicatat jumlah, jenis, dan diameternya. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukan total biomassa adalah sebesar 433,69 ton/ha dan hasil estimasi kandungan karbon (C) serta serapan karbondioksida (CO2) sebesar 203,83 ton C/ha dan 748,07 ton CO2/ha.
Isolasi pigmen karotenoid pada mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. dengan menggunakan beda pelarut
Authors: Bawias Miranti , Kemer Kurniati , Mantiri Desy , Kumampung Deislie , Paransa Darus , Mantiri Rose
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi jenis-jenis pigmen dari mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. dan mengetahui komposisi pelarut yang dapat memisahkan pigmen secara maksimal. Metode yang digunakan dimulai dari kultur mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. sampai tahap eksponensial. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan penambahan aseton dan petroleum eter, selanjutnya ektrak total yang diperoleh, dipisahkan melalui Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dengan pengembang Petroleum Eter (PE):Aseton (80:20), PE:Methanol (95:5) dan Benzena:DE:Methanol (17:2:1). Hasil pemisahan diserap melalui spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Hasil yang peroleh pada semua proses pemisahan, pigmen β- karoten berwarna kuning selalu muncul dengan Rf 1,00. Pigmen lainnya yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah tipeviolaxantin dan tipe astacen. Pelarut PE:Methanol (95:5) mampu memisahkan ekstrak total pigmen lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pelarut yang lain.
Identifikasi keanekaragaman lamun dan ekhinodermata dalam upaya konservasi
Authors: Bengkal Krisandy , Manembu Indri , Sondak Calvyn , Wagey Billy , Schaduw Joshian , Lumingas Laurence
Published: July 2019

Lamun memegang peran penting di komunitas pesisir karena merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung dari berbagai macam flora dan fauna, mempengaruhi produktivitas perairan pesisir, penstabil sedimen  mengontrol kejernihan dan kualitas air, serta dapat mempengaruhi ekosistem lain di sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies lamun dan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman ekhinodermata yang ditemukan di pesisir Kelurahan Tongkaina. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Seagrass Watch. Data hasil penelitian, ditemukan lima jenis lamun, yaitu Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium dan Enhalus acoroides yang terdiri dari dua famili yaitu Hydroccharitaceae dan Potamogentonaceae. Jenis lamun yang sering ditemui di Stasiun I adalah Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai INP = 109,10 dan di Stasiun II Syringodium isoetifolium dengan nilai INP = 141,80. Enhalus acoroides adalah jenis lamun yang jarang ditemui pada kedua stasiun pengamatan, dengan nilai INP = 3,19 di Stasiun I dan di Stasiun II nilai INP = 52,30. Ditemukan tiga spesies ekhinodermata yang terdapat dalam transek kuadrat yaitu Protoreaster nodosus Ekhinothrix calamaris dan Linckia laevigata. Indeks keanekaragaman ekhinodermata di Stasiun I dengan nilai H' = 0,500 dan di Stasiun II dengan nilai H' = 0,410.
Skrining Pigmen Karotenoid pada Kepiting Grapsus sp. dengan Menggunakan Pemisahan Kromatografi
Authors: Zeak Werianty Liony , Paransa Darus Sa’adah J. , Rumengan Antonius , Kemer Kurniati , Paulus James J.H , Mantiri Desy M.H
Published: July 2019

Screening of Carotenoid Pigmen in Crabs of Grapsus sp. Using Chromatography Separation Grapsus sp. is one of the sea crustaceans that has a unique characteristic on its claws, which has a purplish and blackish green color on the carapace organ, this indicates that the crap carapace of Grapsus sp. has pigment content. From this pigment content that is then isolated to determine the type of pigment by using Thin Layer Chromatography and Column Chromatography. The carapace extract of Grapsus sp. crab which was isolated then analyzed, the result identified that the crab carapace of Grapsus sp. had the type of pigment ß-Carotene, Echinenone, Cantaxanthin and Astaxanthin.Keywords: Grapsus sp., Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography, Astaxanthin Pigments. Grapsus sp. adalah salah satu krustasea laut yang memiliki ciri khas unik pada bagian capitnya yaitu memiliki warna keunguan dan hijau kehitaman pada organ karapas, hal ini menandakan bahwa karapas kepiting Grapsus sp. memiliki kandungan pigmen. Dari kandungan pigmen inilah yang kemudian diisolasi untuk mengetahui jenis pigmen dengan menggunakan pemisahan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Kromatografi Kolom. Ekstrak karapas kepiting Grapsus sp. yang telah diisolasi kemudian di analisis, maka teridentifikasi bahwa karapas kepiting Grapsus sp. memiliki jenis pigmen ß- Karoten, Ekinenon, Kantaxantin dan Astaxantin.Kata Kunci: Grapsus sp., Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, Kromatografi Kolom, Pigmen Astaxanti
PENGARUH RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA PASIEN STROKE DI RUANG PERAWATAN RSUD POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Syikir Muh
Published: July 2019

Hasil-hasil studi dibidang neurologimenyatakan bahwa  stroke merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu diberbagai rumah sakit di tanah air (Batticaca, 2012). Menurut taksiran WHO, sebanyak 20,5juta jiwa di dunia sudah terjangkit stroke tahun 2015. Dari jumlah tersebut 5,5 jutajiwa telah meninggal dunia.Sebesar80%pasienstroke mengalami kelemahan pada salah satu sisi tubuhnya/hemiparese(Ariani,  2012). Kelemahantanganmaupunkakipada pasien stroke akanmempengaruhikontraksiotot, sehingga salah satuprogram rehabilitasi  yang   dapat  diberikan  pada pasien strokeyaitumobilisasipersendian dengan latihan range of motion (Potter and Perry, 2010).Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh ROM terhadap peningkatan fungsikekuatan  otot pada pasien stroke  di Ruang Perawatan RSUDPolewali Mandar.

Metode Penelitian, yang digunakan adalah metode Quasi Experiment dengan menggunakan rancangan eksperimen Equivalent group (randomized pretest-posttest with control group). Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 10 psien stroke dengan hemiparases 5 kelompok intervensi dan 5 kelompok kontrol, yang mana tekhnik pengambilan sampel secara tehnik accidental sampling yaitu peneliti mengumpulkan data dari subyek yang ditemuinya saat itu dan dalam jumlah secukupnya, dimana Alat Ukur yang digunakan ialah Lembar Observasi dengan Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Yang mana dianalisis menggunakanuji paired sample test berpasangan dengan tingkat signifikansi  α = 0,05.

Hasil Penelitian, uji statistik didapatkan bahwa kelompok intervensi (P = 0,000) mempunyai pengaruh pemberian ROM dalam peningkatan kekuatan otot dan kelompok kontrol (P = 0,178) tidak mempunyai pengaruh.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan pemberian latihan ROM, akan mempengaruhi kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke dengan hemiparases. Sehingga sangat di harapkan agar tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat dapat lebih intensif memebrikan ROM pada pasien stroke dengan hemiparases
GROUP DECISION-MAKING MODELS FOR VENTURE CAPITALISTS: THE PROMETHEE WITH HESITANT FUZZY LINGUISTIC INFORMATION
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Xu Zeshui , Gu Jing
Published: July 2019

Venture capitalists (VCs) have long been preoccupied by the issue of selecting a promising start-up firm, whereas, ranking the available start-up firms is an effective way to solve this issue. In this paper, the PROMETHEE is chosen to be the fundamental ranking method. Also, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set is a suitable tool to simulate VCs’ evaluation information. Additionally, as the deepening of social division of labor and specialization of individuals, group decision making is famous for improving decision-making quality. Moreover, in the decision-making process, VCs exhibit behavioral characteristics which is depicted well by prospect theory that VCs are risk averse for gains and risk seeking for losses and rely on the transformed probability to make their decisions rather than unidimensional probability. Thus, a group prospect PROMETHEE with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information is constructed for VCs to make a better decision. Then, the proposed method is applied to rank start-up firms and the comparative analyses are made as well. It confirms that the group prospect PROMETHEE is better in describing the common behavioral characteristics of VCs and in enhancing the quality of evaluation.
Characterization of auto-agglutinating and non-typeable uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Hernández-Chiñas Ulises , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Belmont-Monroy Laura , Chávez-Berrocal María E , González-Villalobos Edgar , Navarro-Ocaña Armando , Eslava Carlos A , Molina-Lopez Jose
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Association between different serotypes and UTIs is known, however, some strains are incapable to be serotyped. The aim of this work was to study bthe phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of 113 non-typeable (NT) and auto-agglutinating (AA) E. coli strains, isolated from UTIs in children and adults.

Methodology: The 113 UPEC strains were analyzed by PCR assays using specific primers to determine their serogroups, fimH, papC, iutA, sat, hlyCA and cnf1, virulence associated genes, and chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 for phylogroup determination. Additionally, the diffusion disk method was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance to 18 antimicrobial agents.

Results: Using the PCR assay, 63% (71) of the strains were genotyped showing O25 and O75 as the most common serogroups. The virulence genes fimH (86%) and iutA (74%) were the most prevalent, in relation to the phylogroups the commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) showed similar frequencies (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a high percentage (73%) of multidrug-resistant strains.

Conclusions: The genotyping allowed identifying the serogroup in many of the strains that could not be typed by traditional serology. The strains carried virulence genes and were multidrug-resistant in both, commensal and virulent phylogroups. Our findings revealed that, in addition to the classical UPEC serogroups, there are pathogenic serogroups not reported yet.
Tick-borne encephalitis in Serbia: A case series
Authors: Poluga Jasmina , Barac Aleksandra , Katanic Natasa , Rubino Salvatore , Milosevic Branko , Urosevic Aleksandar , Mitrovic Nikola , Kelic Ivana , Micic Jelena , Stevanovic Goran
Published: July 2019

Introduction: In the Europe, the number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been increased in the last decade, and the number of endemic areas has been also increased and is still growing. In the present case series, we present clinical and socio-epidemiological data of patients with TBE hospitalized in the period of TBE virus epidemic in Serbia.

Methodology: A case series was conducted in Serbia in 2017. Patients with confirmed TBE were included in the study. Biochemical and serological analysis of blood and CSF, as well as radiological imaging (CT and MRI) were done.

Results: In total, 10 patients with TBE were included in the study. M:F ratio was 1.5:1, while average age was 45.1 years. Half of the patients had severe clinical picture. Endocranial CT scan and MRI did not reveal any abnormality, except in the patient with the most severe CNS infection (meningoencephalomyelitis). Mean value of sedimentation and CRP was slightly elevated (29.6 mm/1hours and 20.1 mg/L, respectively) in 80% of the patients, although elevation was almost negligible. The average number of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 171×106/L, the mean value of the CSF protein was 1.1g/L. There were no fatal outcomes.

Conclusion: Since other CNS infections have similar clinical picture and CSF finding as TBE, serological analysis for TBE should be included in routine diagnostic practice.
Common deficiencies of actions for managing invasive alien species: a decision-support checklist
Authors: Dana Elías D. , García-de-Lomas Juan , Verloove Filip , Vilà Montserrat
Published: July 2019

Despite the increasing number of invasive species, protocols devoted to assess the feasibility (i.e., probability of success or failure) of management actions in the field are scarce, yet success depends on a broad scope of issues beyond the biology of species and the ecosystem to be managed. In this paper we make a retrospective analysis of 90 actions and management proposals developed in Andalusia (southern Spain) in 2004 to 2018. Actions included 59 terrestrial and aquatic taxa. We identified items that in case of deficiency were responsible for either the rejection of action proposals (n = 44) or failure of implemented actions for which the goal was not achieved (n = 22). The most frequent deficiencies included the absence of funding during the necessary time to achieve the goals, the risk of reinvasion and an insufficient removal rate to achieve the specific objective. Based on the deficiencies found, we built a comprehensive, broad-scope compliance checklist to assist decision-makers to identify deficiencies before action. In addition, implemented actions for which the goal was achieved (n = 24) were used for validating the checklist. The checklist contains 40 items related to IAS features, administrative features, methodology effectiveness, efficiency and impacts of the action, and invaded ecosystem features. The checklist is valid across all taxa and habitats. The use of this checklist will help reduce the degree of arbitrariness and subjectivity of actions aimed at managing IAS, and a more efficient use of resources.
Scientific literature on invasive alien species in a megadiverse country: advances and challenges in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Albores Jorge E. , Badano Ernesto I. , Flores Joel , Flores-Flores José Luis , Yáñez-Espinosa Laura
Published: July 2019

Interest in invasive species has increased around the world over the last several decades. In Mexico, studies on invasive species date as early as 1939 and the number of publications has increased considerably in recent decades. However, to our knowledge, the analysis of information gaps and research priorities is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to identify gaps in the knowledge of invasive species in order to define future research priorities and focus conservation efforts. We assessed the current state of knowledge of biological invasions in Mexico based on the existing literature. Our aim was to identify in which areas information is absent or insufficient and which areas should be prioritised. We identified a total of 869 references. The number of references increased over time and the topics were strongly biased towards two areas: 1) natural history and geographical distribution patterns and 2) effects on native biota and ecosystems. The remaining topics were only moderately or poorly studied. Most studies focused on vascular plants (n = 280) and fishes (n = 174). Notably, a large portion of the references (n = 215) focused on only eight invasive alien species, including their ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Only 95 references examined the effects of alien species on biodiversity; these studies were mainly carried out on islands (n = 41) or in terrestrial or freshwater ecosystems in protected natural areas (n = 165). The findings of the present review can guide future studies in filling in the existing research gaps on biological invasions. Additionally, future studies should aim to define national priorities of the impacts of biological invasions and to promote the prevention and control of alien species by considering the distinct vectors and pathways of introduction and movement.
Poor implementation of non-invasive sampling in wildlife genetics studies
Authors: Zemanova Miriam A.
Published: July 2019

The Earth’s biodiversity is currently experiencing immense pressure from habitat loss, overexploitation, global climate change, and invasive species, which escalate the global extinction crisis. Comprehensive knowledge of the extent and impact of biodiversity loss is therefore critical for determining species vulnerability and prioritizing conservation goals. An integral part of wildlife conservation research and management is nowadays genetic sampling. Animal DNA has been traditionally obtained invasively, from blood or other tissues, however public concerns over animal welfare require that animals are affected as little as possible during research. One of the ways to minimize the impact on wildlife animal welfare is to use non-invasive genetic sampling. Even though non-invasive genetic sampling techniques have been developed for many animal species, it is not clear how often they are being implemented. Here, I present an overview of recently published articles on genetics in amphibians, birds, carnivores, molluscs and rodents, for which I examined whether they used a lethal, invasive or non-invasive DNA sampling technique. Disappointingly, only 22% of the identified relevant studies implemented the available non-invasive genetic sampling method. I conclude highlighting the need for better implementation of non-invasive DNA collection methods in wildlife research through raising awareness, increasing financial support, and introducing more stringent criteria for obtaining research permits.
La décristallisation des pensions des anciens militaires africains : et après ?
Authors: Evrard Camille
Published: July 2019

Les anciens militaires de l’armée française ressortissants des anciennes colonies subsahariennes ont vu leur pension figée à partir des années 1950, ce qui a conduit à leur accorder des droits amoindris. À la suite d’un long combat juridique, cette disposition discriminatoire a été supprimée des textes légaux. Cette « décristallisation » a cependant été très limitée dans les faits. Ses modalités d’application, le labyrinthe administratif à affronter, les distances à parcourir, le manque de relais contribuent à dégrader le quotidien de pensionnés aujourd’hui très âgés.
The Attitude Towards Boycotts: Determining Factors
Authors: Palacios Florencio Beatriz , Revilla-Camacho M. Ángeles , Garzón-Benítez Lola
Published: July 2019

According to the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, the precedent to any human conduct is the intention to display such conduct. One of those precedents is the attitude of people. Our work is framed within this line of research, as it seeks to analyze and explain the main determinants of attitude towards boycott. Thus, we understand that the attitude of consumers towards boycott behavior depends on three fundamental beliefs: perceived legitimacy of the behavior, ethical idealism towards such behavior, and finally, ethical relativism towards boycott behavior. We emphasize legitimacy, since the relevance of legitimacy processes in the business-client relationship lies in the recognition of the validity of actions that allow their subjective recognition and, therefore, differentiate them from the legal nature of the acts. The research is carried out with 371 people and the hypotheses presented are verified through structural equation models. Discussion of the results and its implications contribute to a better understanding of the factors that determine the attitude towards customer boycott by business managers and academics.
Gender equality: a tool for legitimacy in the fast fashion industry
Authors: Miotto Giorgia , Vilajoana-Alejandre Sandra
Published: July 2019

Gender equality is an extremely important issue for all businesses, nevertheless the fast fashion industry, which targets mainly the female population, faces major challenges related to women wellbeing and labor rights, employees professional and personal development. The objective of this paper is to analyse how three leading fast fashion companies include gender equality in their sustainability reports as part of their communication strategy and as a tool for legitimations. The main findings show that fast fashion industry focuses the communication based on gender equality issues explaining the improved working conditions and professional development opportunities for the female employees from all around the world along the entire Supply Chain Management.
The Relationship between Image and Legitimacy in the Spanish Public University
Authors: Del-Castillo-Feito Cristina , González-Vázquez Encarnación , Gil Lafuente Jaime
Published: July 2019

The correct management of intangible assets such as image and legitimacy can be crucial for the survival and success of organizations given the current competitive landscape. These variables have been analysed in the literature due to their importance, however additional research is still needed in order to clarify the way they relate. Spanish public universities operate in a complex environment, competing for economic resources from the government as well as for talented students, prestigious professors and competent employees at national and international levels. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between image and legitimacy in the higher education context. For this purpose, a review on the literature regarding image and legitimacy will be carried out, followed by the analysis of the results obtained through a survey distribution to a variety of universities’ stakeholders (students, professors, administrative personnel, alumni and managers). To treat the data PLS SEM was used. The results confirm the proposed hypothesis on the influence that image has on legitimacy.
Influence of perceived quality and brand equity on legitimacy
Authors: Cuervo Carabel Tatiana , Orviz Martínez Natalia
Published: July 2019

The management of intangible assets is fundamental for the survival of organizations, with the perceived quality and brand equity being two of these assets. This work seeks to answer the question: are perceived quality and brand equity antecedents of legitimacy in the organization? A quantitative analysis is developed, making use of structural modeling. It is confirmed that the management of both intangible assets is fundamental to ensure good social results in organizations, by increasing their legitimacy. The main limitation of the work is associated with the characteristics of the companies that make up the sample, which constitutes a future line of research that allows us to continue delving into the relationships analyzed.
Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect to Legitimacy of the Companies? Analysis of Spain and Mexico through the Case Method
Authors: Escamilla Solano Sandra , Plaza Casado Paola , Galeana Figueroa Evaristo , Aguilasocho Montoya Dora
Published: July 2019

The highly competitive environment in which companies move means that they are constantly searching for initiatives that increase their legitimacy. The consideration of corporate social responsibility within the strategy of the company, means that it can be considered as a vehicle to legitimize companies in the face of society. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the relationship between corporate social responsibility and social legitimacy. For this, a case study will be carried out on 4 companies (three Spanish and one Mexican) included in the MERCO Responsibility and Corporate Governance Ranking, Fortune World’s Most Admired Companies and Fortune Global 500 for the period 2017-2018. The research reveals the existence of a positive relationship between social legitimacy and corporate social responsibility with business results, obtaining as a main conclusion that legitimacy represents within the company an intangible and key resource that must be managed so as not to lose it.
Increasing Energy Absorption and Reliability of Beams by Improved Architecture and Web-Flange Junctions
Authors: Khokar Nandan , Hallström Stefan , Winberg Fredrik
Published: July 2019

Lightweight and strong composite material beams are increasingly sought to quickly, easily, and cost-effectively transport and setup a variety of constructions such as bridges, cabins/ stores/shelters, vehicles etc. For structural beams produced as conventional laminated composite materials, their weak areas tend to occur at intersections such as web-flange junctions due to absence of fibres bridging the interconnections. This drawback can however be overcome with development of profiled 3D textile reinforcements having combination architectures and constituent web-flange parts inherently mutually interconnected through fibre interlacement. In addition to general strength improvement, beams containing such novel reinforcement architectures also show increased energy absorption capability due to the mutual web-flange integration at the junctions. An ‘I’ and a ‘flanged-triangle’ cross-section beams were produced by a novel non-conventional weaving method, using carbon fibres as reinforcement, and their energy absorption capabilities were tested. These beams respectively absorbed over 50% and 300% more energy per weight in bending, compared to metal counterparts. This paper presents some relevant aspects of these innovative beams.
The Thermal Colour and the Emissivity of Printed Pigments on Knitted Fabrics for Application in Diurnal Thermal Camouflage Garments
Authors: Pimenta Catarina , Morais Carla , Fangueiro Raul
Published: July 2019

This work compares thermal colour and emissivity of different pigments printed on to two types of jersey knitted fabrics (cotton and polyester). In order to analyze and differentiate the thermal colours of the knitted fabrics samples, diurnal and nocturnal thermal images of a female body were captured in an outdoor environment using a thermal imaging camera. Five pigments (white, black, yellow, magenta and cyan blue) were analyzed in a conditioned environment, simulating atmospheric (diurnal/nocturnal) and skin temperature, using a climatic chamber, a thermal manikin and a thermal imaging camera. The thermal tests allowed identifying the thermal colour of the printed pigments for application in the diurnal thermal camouflage garments.
Parametric study of electronics components joining using reactive films for high temperature applications
Authors: Khazaka Rabih , Martineau Donatien , Youssef Toni , Le Thanh Long , Azzopardi Stéphane
Published: July 2019

In this paper, in order to assemble electronic components onto substrates, a local rapid soldering process using an exothermic reactive foil sandwiched between solder preforms was evaluated. Among others, the main interest of this technique is that it can allow the use of high temperature melting solders, without the need to heat the whole assembly above this melting temperature. The reactive foil is commercially available and is formed from alternatively stacked nanolayers of Ni and Al until it reaches the total film thickness. Once the film is activated by using an external power source, a reaction takes place and releases such an amount of energy that is transferred to the solder preforms. If this amount of energy is high enough, solder preforms melt and insure the adhesion between the materials of the assembly. The process was evaluated using a standard SAC305 and a high temperature Au80Sn20 preforms. The influences of the applied pressure, the reactive film thickness as well as the solder and the attached materials nature and thicknesses were investigated. The initial joint quality was evaluated using scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and shear strength measurements. It was shown that the applied pressure during the process has a strong effect on the joint initial quality. The voids ratio between metallized diode dice and an Active Metal Braze (AMB) substrate decreases from 64% to 26% for pressure values between 0.5kPa and 100kPa respectively. Otherwise, under a constant low pressure of 13kPa, reducing the substrate metal thickness on a low thermal conductivity insulator allows the improvement of the initial joint quality and a voids ratio of about 15% was reached when using 35μm of copper on FR4 substrate. The use of aluminum instead of copper as a metal for the ceramic metallized substrate (with the same gold finishing layer) led to a reduction in the void ratio in the joint. The microstructure of the AuSn joint achieved using the reactive films shows very fine phase distribution compared to the one obtained using conventional solder reflow process in the oven. The mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated using shear tests performed on 350μm thick silicon diodes assembled on AMB substrates under a pressure of 100kPa. The reactive films were 60μm thick and were sandwiched between two 25μm thick SAC preforms. The void ratio was about 37% for the tested samples and shear strength values above 9.5MPa were achieved which remains largely higher than MIL-STD-883H requirements. Finally, the process impact on the electrical properties of the assembled diodes was compared with a commonly used solder reflow assembly and results show a negligible variation.