bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious disease surveillance system descriptors: proposal for a comprehensive set
Authors: Beauté Julien , Ciancio Bruno Christian , Panagiotopoulos Takis
Published: July 2020

To tailor a surveillance system to its objectives and to evaluate its fitness for purpose, an accurate description of its structural elements is essential. Existing recommendations for setting up a system seldom offer a comprehensive list of all surveillance elements to be considered. Moreover, there is sometimes confusion in the way terms describing these elements are interpreted. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive set of surveillance system descriptors that can delineate the important elements and clarify the meaning of the terms used. We identified 20 descriptors that we classified in five categories: (i) surveillance scheme; (ii) population and cases; (iii) supplementary data; (iv) information flow; and (v) period of time. We tried to make the definitions of these descriptors as clear and simple as possible to avoid confusion or misinterpretation of the terms used. The relative importance of each element may vary depending on the objectives of the surveillance scheme. Surveillance descriptors should be reviewed periodically to document changes and to assess if the system continues to be fit for purpose. Together with the minimum requirements for variables and the planned outputs for disseminating the data, the surveillance descriptors can be used to define surveillance standards.
Üniversite öğrencilerinin günlük besin ögesi alımlarının Akdeniz diyeti kalite indeksi (KIDMED) ile ilişkisi
Authors: BAYINDIR GÜMÜŞ Aylin , YARDIMCI Hülya
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Üniversite öğrencilerinin günlük enerji, besin ögesi alımları ile Akdeniz diyetine uyumları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 18-24 yaş arası 465 üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler soru formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Uygun istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 21,1±1,4 yıldır. Ortalama KIDMED puanları 4,0±2,4’dır ve %8,6’sı en iyi diyet kalitesine sahiptir. Günlük alınan enerji ve makro besin ögeleri olan karbonhidrat, protein, yağ ve mikro besin ögeleri olan B1, B2, B3, B6, C vitamini, folat, kalsiyum, demir, çinko, potasyum, magnezyum ve fosfor ile indeks puanı arasında pozitif yönde, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı zayıf ilişkiler saptanmıştır (p<0,05).Sonuç: Günlük alınan enerji, makro ve mikro besin ögeleri ile KIDMED puanı arasında zayıf pozitif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Daha geniş örneklem ile çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.
How do perceptions of inequality and opportunity affect preferences for redistribution?
Authors: Yildirim Ugur
Published: July 2020

Americans’ distributional preferences are known to influence their political and voting behavior, but we do not know enough about the determinants of those preferences. How do perceptions of economic inequality and economic opportunity influence redistributive preferences? I answer this question using an innovative survey experiment that jointly manipulates perceptions of economic inequality and economic opportunity. The treatments are administered in the form of videos using a new ask-then-tell design, and the sample is gathered from a novel, high-quality source of online data. I find that receiving pessimistic information about inequality makes respondents more pessimistic about the state of inequality and more supportive of government involvement; on the other hand, the addition of pessimistic information about opportunity does not lead to any more concern for inequality or support for redistribution when pessimistic information about inequality is already present. Implications for future research are discussed.
Investigating the Gender Difference in Following Various Study Patterns
Authors: Ehsan Tehsin , Sultana Naveed , Shah Muhammad
Published: July 2020

The study aims at finding gender difference in the study patterns and environment of study followed by different university students in Pakistan. To undertake this study, we have collected data from 1334 university students (male= 649, female = 685) in Pakistan. They respond of the self-reported questionnaires on five study patterns such as study aloud, walking while studying, study silently, watching TV or listening to music while studying and group study and environment of study like as Calm place ( e.g. bedroom, study room), Noisy place (e.g. T.V lounge), Library / Lab study, Lawn / Cafe campus. The difference between male and female students was examined with an independent t-test. It found that gender plays a significant role in differentiating the pattern of studying aloud. No gender difference was observed for all other forms of study and environment. The study suggests conducting more research in future to clear the gender role.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUSLEIOCARPUS FOUND IN DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA - NIGERIA
Authors: Usman Abdulrasheed Halliru , Ali T. , Danjani A. G.
Published: July 2020

Preliminary characterization of phytocompounds from stem bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus and its antimicrobial effects was carried out in this study. Concentrated and dried extracts obtained, after extraction of the plant material, were subjected to phytochemical screening and FT-IR analysis. Part of extracts obtained were used for antimicrobial studies on eleven pathogenic clinical isolates namely Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Candida krusei, Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and reducing sugars. FT-IR's spectroscopic analysis showed characteristic peaks of alcohols, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and amines groups matching with some of the metabolites’ functionalities already reported in literature. The plant extracts were active against all the test organisms (MIC ranged from 5.0 mg / ml to 1.25 mg / ml; MBC/MFC ranged from 10 mg / ml to 2.5 mg / ml) except Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida krusei. It can be concluded that the stem-bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus contains phytochemicals that have potentials to be developed into antimicrobial drugs useful for the treatment of diseases caused by those microorganisms the plant indicated activity against it.
CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF BALANCED INCOMPLETE SUDOKU SQUARE DESIGN
Authors: Dauran N. S. , Odeyale A. B. , Shehu A.
Published: July 2020

Sudoku squares have been widely used to design an experiment where each treatment occurs exactly once in each row, column or sub-block.  For some experiments, the size of row (or column or sub-block) may be less than the number of treatments. Since not all the treatments can be compared within each block, a new class of designs called balanced incomplete Sudoku squares design (BISSD) is proposed. A general method for constructing BISSD is proposed by an intelligent selection of certain cells from a complete Latin square via orthogonal Sudoku designs. The relative efficiencies of a delete-one-transversal balance incomplete Latin Square (BILS) design with respect to Sudoku design are derived. In addition, linear model, numerical examples and procedure for the analysis of data for BISSD are proposed
Redirecting EFL writing instruction through mind mapping technique in senior high school
Authors: Besral Besral , Luli Sari Yustina , Putri Yola Veranita
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research was to see the effects of Mind Mapping Technique toward students’ writing ability especially in writing descriptive text.  The results of Post-test experiment and control class were used to confirm the hypothesis. The population of this research was all of the students at X grade of  Senior High School 3 Padang Panjang, consisting of 96 students who spread in 3 classes. Two classes were taken as sample by using cluster random sampling.  Writing test was used to collect the data. The treatments were done in six meetings. The data of this research were analyzed by using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) Program. The result showed that the mean score of students’ post-test at experimental class was (65.94) higher than those of control class (58.16). The  calculation of the test showed that t-calculate was (8.27) higher than t-table (1.67) at the significant level of .05 meaning that students who were taught through Mind Mapping technique produced better writing skills in descriptive text.  It can be concluded that teaching writing by using mind mapping technique gave significant difference on students’ writing ability at X grade of Senior High School 3 Padang Panjang. Therefore it is recommended that English teachers should use this technique to improve students’ writing ability.
PROSPECTS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Forrest J.W. , Broad T.E.
Published: July 2020

Through recent advances in molecular and reproductive biology selected genes from one animal or species can be inserted into another animal's genome to produce a 'transgenic' animal. Striking increases have been achieved in the rate of growth of mice containing additional copies of the rat growth hormone gene. Such results raised the possibility of using similar techniques to modify the expression of existing genes and introduce novel gene(s) into domestic livestock for improved productivity. The introduction of multiple copies of the growth hormone genes into pig embryos has resulted in live births of pigs that grew 10-20X larger and reached market weight three weeks earlier than litter-mates. The introduced genes were passed from generation to generation. In sheep cysteine supplementation into the abomasum produced at 10.20% increase in wool growth rate. Genes responsible for cysteine biosynthesis have been isolated from yeast, and a modified gene suitable for expression in sheep produced. By engineering the cysteine biosynthetic pathway into the sheep genome there is scope to considerably increase wool production. Keywords: gene transfer, transgenesis. recombinant DNA, embryo manipulation.
PASTURE PLANT IDENTIFICATION USING ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Sanders P.M. , Barker D.J.
Published: July 2020

Plant enzymes can be electrophoretically separated and identified by specific staining. Resulting banding patterns can enable the identification of enzyme genotypes for individual plants. The ability to identify banding patterns for particular enzymes has a number of applications. Three examples are documented here: i) Identifying clones, e.g. Trifolium hybrids, ii) Identifying hybrid progeny, e.g. subterranean clover (T. wbterraneum L.). and iii) Distinguishing cultivars on the basis of population allele frequency, e.g. perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars Ellett. Grasslands Nui and Grasslands Ruanui. Keywords: Isozymes, pasture plants, enzyme genotypes.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPRING GRAZING MANAGEMENT ON PASTURE QUALITY
Authors: Butler B.M. , Chu A.C.P.
Published: July 2020

Six grazing treatments, consisting of an intensity comparison (hard, medium and lax) at a 14.day regrowth interval, and a frequency comparison (regrowth intervals of 7, 14, 21 and 26 days) at the medium intensity, were imposed over 12 weeks during spring (treatment period). Subsequent pasture performance was assessed over a further 12 weeks during summer (post-treatment period). By the end of the treatment period two groups of wards were apparent. Compared with the other wards. Lax and Medium swards at regrowth intervals of 21 and 26 days were characterised by greater total, green, ryegrass reproductive stem and dead herbage mass and lower proportion of leaf. During the post-treatment period reproductive stem senesced and these wards contained greater levels of dead herbage. These swards also had lower leaf accumulation during the treatment period, though leaf accumulation was lower only on lax grazed swards during the post-treatment period. On high-fertility, ryegrass-dominant pastures hard grazing was not required to maintain pasture quality, as this occurred also under the medium grazing intensity (residual sward height 6-6 cm) provided the interval between grazing was 14 days or less (pregrazing ward height of 20 cm). It may be expected that herbage intake and animal performance on lax and infrequently (21 and 26 days) grazed swards would be reduced because of both lower leaf accumulation and greater dead herbage mass especially over the summer. Keywords: Pasture quality, ward characterisics, grazing frequency, grazing intensity, leaf accumulation, herbage mass.
Morphologic Characteristics and Length-Weight Relationships of Sciaena umbra (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Black Sea Coast
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet , BODUR Barış
Published: July 2020

In this study, the morphological characteristics and length-weight relationships of Sciaena umbra (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to the Sciaenidae family, which is represented by five species in the Mediterranean basin and two species in the Black Sea, were investigated. Sampling was carried out in the Black Sea Region (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon) between March 2019 and February 2020. A total 54 of individuals were sampled and 15 different metric measurements were performed in each sample to determine their morphological characteristics. The mean total length and weight were estimated as 357.8 mm (117-580) and 845.3 g (16.4-2485.1), respectively. Total length was compared with morphometric characters and the lowest ratio was found with eye diameter (4.3%) and the highest ratio was with anal distance (59.9%). In the relation between the total length and morphological characters of the highest and the lowest correlation were observed in dorsal distance with r2=0.993 and the anal height with r2=0.938. A strong correlation (r2=0.993) was found between the total length and wet relationship and the growth was positive allometric b>3. This paper reports the first documented of morphometric characteristics of the species. It is considered to contribute to fisheries biology and international scientific literature.
Big Powers, Small Islands, Real Displaced People. Response to Gettel, Eliza. Recognizing the Delians Displaced after 167/6 BCE. Humanities 2018, 7, 91
Authors: Glynn Irial
Published: July 2020

Eliza Gettel’s paper on the displacement of the Delians in the second century BCE does an excellent job of examining an ancient case study of displacement through the lens of contemporary conceptions of displacement and asylum. In this paper, I try, as a modern historian of asylum, to reflect on the applicability of modern classifications to a case study over 2000 years old. First, I discuss the compatibility of the ancient with the modern. Subsequently, I engage much more deliberately with the arguments Gettel presents in her paper. Finally, I introduce a contemporary case study involving the displacement of people from the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean that I argue shares some similarities with that of the Delians, with both cases highlighting the often-neglected agency of the displaced.
Chicken DNA Sensing cGAS-STING Signal Pathway Mediates Broad Spectrum Antiviral Functions
Authors: Li Shuangjie , Yang Jie , Zhu Yuanyuan , Ji Xingyu , Wang Kun , Jiang Sen , Luo Jia , Wang Hui , Zheng Wanglong , Chen Nanhua , Ye Jianqiang , Meurens François , Zhu Jianzhong
Published: July 2020

The innate DNA sensing receptors are one family of pattern recognition receptors and play important roles in antiviral infections, especially DNA viral infections. Among the multiple DNA sensors, cGAS has been studied intensively and is most defined in mammals. However, DNA sensors in chickens have not been much studied, and the chicken cGAS is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the chicken cGAS-STING signal axis, revealed its synergistic activity, species-specificity, and the signal essential sites in cGAS. Importantly, both cGAS and STING exhibited antiviral effects against DNA viruses, retroviruses, and RNA viruses, suggesting the broad range antiviral functions and the critical roles in chicken innate immunity.
THE «QUEST NARRATIVE» RECEPTIVE MODEL IN MIKHAIL SHISHKIN’S STORY «BLIND MUSICIAN»
Authors: Grimova Ol’ga A.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the receptive model of Mikhail Shishkin’s prose. The material of the story «Blind Musician» explores the mechanisms by which the text «routes» readers’ perception. This narrative can be considered to be «quest narrative», decoding which, a reader relies on various kinds of keys. One of the most signifi cant is the title, which is possible to interpret in terms of various contexts. Literary one leads us to an obvious comparison of the modern text with the Vladimir Korolenko’s famous story «The Blind Musician». Mythological one suggests correlation with ancient and Christian plots. Within the philosophical framework it is possible to establish a correlation of Mikhail Shishkin’s ideas with the teachings of Gnostics and Pythagoreans. Taking into account each of the listed semiotic codes allows a new decoding of the reference assignment of the sign put into the title. Thus, the «blind musician» turns out not only to be physically blind Roman, but also Evgenia, who needs to become mentally «blind» in order to continue to love, to be a «musician». The analysis revealed the peculiarities of the narrative organisation of Mikhail Shishkin’s text. The level of presentation of the narration turns out to be more important than the plot itself, there is a reconsideration of the main narrative instances, and the clear certainty of the
subject of speech is lost.
COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LA PREDICCIÓN CLÁSICA DEL RENDIMIENTO EN UN SINTÉTICO DE MAÍZ Y LA PREDICCIÓN GENERAL
Authors: Márquez-Sánchez Fidel
Published: July 2020

La ecuación de la predicción clásica (Wright, 1922) del rendimiento en un sintético de maíz formado con progenitores no emparentados homocigóticos es: Y2 = Y1 – (Y1 – Y0)/n (Ec. 1) en donde Y2 es el rendimiento esperado en la generación F2, Y1 es el rendimiento promedio de los cruzamientos posibles entre n líneas, y Y0 es el rendimiento promedio de las líneas como tales. El segundo término de la Ec. 1 es la heterosis de los cruzamientos posibles dividida entre el número de líneas.
FERTILIZACIÓN INICIAL DE PLANTACIONES COMERCIALES DE TECA (Tectona grandis Linn F.) EN EL SURESTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Balám-Che Manuel , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Aldrete Arnulfo , Obrador-Olán J. Jesús
Published: July 2020

El Sureste de México es una región de alto potencial para el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales comerciales (PFC). Aunque la superficie de éstas se ha incrementado en esa región, los resultados de los experimentos con especies forestales exóticas y de rápido crecimiento rara vez se difunden. Este trabajo muestra resultados de un experimento factorial para evaluar el efecto de N, P, K y micronutrientes sobre el crecimiento inicial de teca (Tectona grandis Linn F.) en campo, efectuado entre los años 2009 al 2012. Se probaron tres niveles de cada factor N, P y K que generaron 27 combinaciones, los cuales se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar. En forma paralela, se establecieron subparcelas aledañas (gemelas) para probar el efecto de la aplicación de micronutrientes, con dos niveles, con y sin micronutrientes. Las dosis de fertilización se identificaron como medias si correspondían a la dosis usual (testigo), y altas o bajas según se encontraran 50 % arriba o abajo de dicha dosis, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron un efecto pequeño, pero significativo, sobre el crecimiento del diámetro a la base del árbol (2 mm/año) con la dosis alta de N. No se observaron efectos sobre el crecimiento por la aplicación de P. Contrario a lo esperado, el K en dosis alta influyó negativamente en el incremento en área basal (-3.6 cm2/año). Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que la aplicación alta de K puede afectar la absorción de otros nutrientes. Ni las interacciones de nutrientes NPK, ni el complemento de micronutrientes tuvieron efecto sobre el crecimiento inicial de teca.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Adobe Flash CS6
Authors: Laila Raudatul Fauziah
Published: July 2020

This study aims to describe the results of the needs analysis for the development of learning media based on Adobe Flash CS6. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using survey methods to identify the needs of students and teachers in learning assessment. In this study, needs analysis refers to the achievement of student learning outcomes, problems faced by students, and the media needed in the learning assessment process. This research uses observation and interview methods in collecting data. Observations and interviews were conducted for grade X students of basic graphic design subjects at SMKN 8Padang. The results showed that: 1) completeness of student learning 2) Interactive learning media needed on computer subjects and basic networks. The results of this study concluded that students need interactive learning media in learning activities. Thus, this research was used in designing learning based on Adobe Flash CS6
PENGARUH OCB (ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR) DAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN KEKAYAAN NEGARA DAN LELANG KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Simanjuntak Delima Asyanti , Siregar Robert Tua , Sisca Sisca , Chandra Erbin
Published: July 2020

Riset ini untuk mengetahui gambaran OCB, karakteristik individu, dan kinerja pegawai pada kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Kota Pematangsiantar serta bagaimana pengaruh OCB dan karakteristik individu terhadap kinerja pegawai pada kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Kota Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan dan parsial. Riset ini menggunakan desain riset kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Populasi pada riset ini pegawai kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Kota Pematangsiantar berjumlah 30 pegawai. Data yang dipakai merupakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil riset membuktikan ada pengaruh positif antara OCB dan karakteristik individu terhadap kinerja pegawai serta ada hubungan yang kuat antara OCB dan karakteristik individu terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Kota Pematangsiantar.Kata kunci: OCB, Karakteristik Individu, Kinerja Pegawai
Next-generation sequencing
Authors: Cannarella Rossella , Condorelli Rosita A , Paolacci Stefano , Barbagallo Federica , Guerri Giulia , Bertelli Matteo , La Vignera Sandro , Calogero Aldo E
Published: July 2020

A large proportion of patients with idiopathic spermatogenic failure (SPGF; oligozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia [NOA]) do not receive a diagnosis despite an extensive diagnostic workup. Recent evidence has shown that the etiology remains undefined in up to 75% of these patients. A number of genes involved in germ-cell proliferation, spermatocyte meiotic divisions, and spermatid development have been called into play in the pathogenesis of idiopathic oligozoospermia or NOA. However, this evidence mainly comes from case reports. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the molecular causes of SPGF. To accomplish this, 15 genes (USP9Y, NR5A1, KLHL10, ZMYND15, PLK4, TEX15, TEX11, MEIOB, SOHLH1, HSF2, SYCP3, TAF4B, NANOS1, SYCE1, and RHOXF2) involved in idiopathic SPGF were simultaneously analyzed in a cohort of 25 patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia or NOA, accurately selected after a thorough diagnostic workup. After next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, we identified the presence of rare variants in the NR5A1 and TEX11 genes with a pathogenic role in 3/25 (12.0%) patients. Seventeen other different variants were identified, and among them, 13 have never been reported before. Eleven out of 17 variants were likely pathogenic and deserve functional or segregation studies. The genes most frequently mutated were MEIOB, followed by USP9Y, KLHL10, NR5A1, and SOHLH1. No alterations were found in the SYCP3, TAF4B, NANOS1, SYCE1, or RHOXF2 genes. In conclusion, NGS technology, by screening a specific custom-made panel of genes, could help increase the diagnostic rate in patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia or NOA.
The association between medical spending and health status: A study of selected African countries
Authors: Bein Murad
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe report from the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that health spending worldwide remains highly unequal as more than 80% of the world’s population live in low and middle-income countries but only account for about 20% of global health expenditure. Another report by the WHO on the state of health financing in Africa published in 2013 intimates that countries that are part of their member states are still on the average level in meeting set goals in financing key health projects. ObjectiveThe study set out to investigate the association between public and private spending and health status for eight selected African countries, namely Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Health status indicators include the incidence of tuberculosis, mortality rates, maternal deaths and prevalence of HIV. MethodsDescriptive statistics and pairwise correlation are used to assess the relationship between healthcare spending and health status. Random and fixed effect models are further employed to provide insights into the association between descriptive statistics and pairwise correlation. We used annual data from the year 2000 to 2014 obtained from world development indicators.ResultsThe relationship between healthcare spending (public and private) and health status is statistically significant. Public healthcare expenditure has a higher association than private expenditure in reducing the mortality rate, tuberculosis and HIV for the average country in our sample. For example, an increase in public healthcare spending is negatively associated and statistically significant at 5% or better in reducing female mortality, male mortality, tuberculosis and HIV. Private healthcare spending is more impactful in the area of maternal deaths, where it is associated negatively and statistically significant at 1%. An increase in private healthcare spending is linked to a reduction in maternal deaths. We also compared the association between an increase in healthcare spending on males versus females and observed that public health expenditure impacts the health status of both sexes equally, however, private health expenditure provides a greater positive benefit to males. It is worth remembering that two goals of the United Nations agenda on sustainable development are gender equality and ensuring healthcare for all. ConclusionThe findings of this research call for the selected African countries to pay more attention to public healthcare expenditure in order to improve health status, especially since private healthcare which provides access to healthcare facilities for some poor people leads to costs that are a burden. So, future research should focus on analyzing components of private healthcare spending such as direct household out-of-pocket spending, private insurance and direct service payments by private corporations as dependent variables to understand what form of private investment should be encouraged.
To screen, or not to screen for SARS-Cov2
Authors: Muula Adamson S
Published: July 2020

One of the trappings, if not a burden, to Editors-in-Chief (EIC) of many medical journals is that one is expected to write editorials. Thus attempting to speak from the Mount, the EIC has the opportunity to identify one or more issues they think is/are important for the readership at that time or had been in the past or for the future.
ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE E A PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DO/A ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NA ASSISTÊNCIA ESTUDANTIL
Authors: Silva Araujo Ana Ligia Alcindo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo é resultante do processo de vivência em campo de estágio na área da educação. Sendo assim, no decorrer do texto existe um ordenamento de reflexões e análises que foram feitas ao longo desse processo a partir do cotidiano profissional vivenciado entre maio de 2014 a junho de 2015 no IFRN Reitoria, situado na zona Sul de Natal, no território do bairro Tirol. Com isso, a produção textual problematiza e analisa as configurações do campo e, por conseguinte, aponta as condições que se apresenta a política de Assistência Estudantil no IFRN Reitoria, as quais possuem raiz em um passado histórico e que este traz consigo diversos rebatimentos aos estudantes daquela instituição nos tempos atuais. Do mesmo modo, expõe um debate critico sobre os desafios e limites que têm se apresentado ao exercício profissional do/a Assistente Social na política de Educação, mais precisamente no âmbito do IFRN Reitoria, bem como a explanação sobre os entraves e dificuldades à materialização equânime da politica de assistência estudantil como um direito dos estudantes.

 

Palavras-Chaves: Estágio supervisionado; Assistência estudantil; Serviço Social
A CENTRALIDADE DO MARXISMO EM PRODUÇÕES BIBLIOGRÁFICAS DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Moura Bruna , Machado Aranha Maria Lúcia
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa relativa ao Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, que teve como fonte de coleta de dados trabalhos publicados nos anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Serviço Social, com recorte das edições de 2006 a 2016. A pesquisa tomou como objeto de estudo a atualidade (ou não) da teoria social de Marx no Serviço Social, definindo-se como objetivo analisar se e como tem se dado a apropriação da tradição marxiana/marxista pelo Serviço Social. O estudo, de natureza teórico-documental, fundamentou-se no materialismo histórico dialético, teve uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, embora tenha recorrido, em alguma medida, à dimensão quantitativa. No processo de pesquisa bibliográfica que tipificou as análises preliminares do tema, recorreu-se a livros e publicações periódicas, teses, dissertações, anais de encontros científicos e publicações disponíveis em meio eletrônico. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a metodologia proposta por Aldler e Doren (2010), a partir dos seguintes níveis de leitura: leitura inspecional, leitura analítica e leitura sintóptica. Após o levantamento de 210 trabalhos contidos no eixo de Fundamentos Históricos Teórico-Metodológico ou que apresentavam alguma palavra-chave relacionada à temática, procedeu-se à leitura inspensional dos seus resumos, selecionando-se os que tratavam mais diretamente da temática, de modo que restaram 74 trabalhos, os quais passaram integralmente pela leitura analítica. Depois desta etapa de leitura, foram selecionados 44 trabalhos, de maneira que, nestes, foi realizada a leitura sintóptica. Os principais resultados indicaram que a teoria social de Marx é a mais utilizada nos trabalhos analisados.
The curled wake model: A three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows
Authors: Martínez-Tossas Luis A. , King Jennifer , Quon Eliot , Bay Christopher J. , Mudafort Rafael , Hamilton Nicholas , Fleming Paul
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This work focuses on minimizing the computational cost of steady-state wind power plant flow simulations that take into account wake steering physics. We present a simple wake solver with a computational cost on the order of seconds for large wind plants. The solver uses a simplified form of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations to obtain a parabolic equation for the wake deficit of a wind plant. We compare results from the model to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) from the Lillgrund wind plant; good agreement is obtained. Results for the solver in complex terrain are also shown. Finally, the solver is demonstrated for a case with wake steering showing good agreement with power reported by large-eddy simulations. This new solver minimizes the time – and therefore the related cost – it takes to conduct a steady-state wind plant flow simulation to about a second on a personal laptop. This solver can be used for different applications including wake steering for wind power plants and layout optimization, and it will soon be available within the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) framework.
Elipsoideichnus meyeri Roselli 1987 revisited: A helicoidal fossil bee nest from the Paleogene of Uruguay
Authors: Verde Mariano , Genise Jorge F
Published: July 2020

The rare helicoidal trace fossil Elipsoideichnus meyeri Roselli 1987 was known only from its holotype. New materials were collected and revised, confirming the validity and interpretation of this ichnotaxon. Its previously inferred internal structure, composed of two pair of internal, opposite cells per whorl, was checked and completed with these new materials. Sections of specimens show that cells have a thick lining. The finding of a spiral cap in cells finally confirms that unknown bees are the trace makers of E. meyeri, possibly related with Oxaeinae or Halictinae
Crininicaminus giberti isp. nov.: Tubular trace fossil armored with crinoid stem plates from the Upper Permian Kamiyasse Formation, Northeastern Japan
Authors: Seike Koji , Shiino Yuta , Suzuki Yutaro
Published: July 2020

The tubular trace fossil Crininicaminus giberti, a horizontal tubular fossil burrow whose wall consists of numerous crinoid stem plates, occurs in the Upper Permian Kamiyasse Formation of northeastern Japan. The trace fossil described here measures 40-70 mm in length and 7-20 mm in diameter. The outer wall of the tube is characterized by numerous skeletal fragments, with most being crinoid stem plates (2 mm in diameter) and lesser fragments of brachiopods and other invertebrates. The inner wall of the tube is covered with a smooth lining devoid of crinoid skeletal elements. Because stalked crinoids mainly inhabited shallow water settings prior to the Cretaceous, it is possible that additional specimens of the ichnogenus Crininicaminus will be discovered from deposits of various ages and location
Burrow morphology of the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis and the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata on San Salvador Island, The Bahamas: comparisons and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Seike Koji , Curran Allen
Published: July 2020

Burrow morphologies of the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis and the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata were investigated on East Beach, San Salvador Island, The Bahamas, with the goals of critical comparison of their morphologies and of clarifying and advancing their palaeoenvironmental usefulness. In comparing land crab burrows to those of the ghost crab, the former are simpler but more variable in overall shape. G. lateralis burrows have a more compressed form in the transverse section of the burrow shaft and possess lower (more horizontal) shaft inclination than those of O. quadrata. In the late Holocene backshore and dune deposits on San Salvador, two types of fossil burrows were observed. On the basis of the morphologic differences documented herein between modern burrows of land and ghost crab species, one fossil burrow form can be interpreted as having been produced by G. lateralis and the other (trace fossil Psilonichnus upsilon) produced by O. quadrata. Because the modern burrows of these crabs are different not only in shape but also in their environmental preference, the occurrence of trace fossils comparable to burrows of the land crab and ghost crab (P. upsilon) could be used as indicators of vegetated coastal dunes (land crab burrows) and beach backshore (near sea level; ghost crab burrows) palaeoenvironments
Fossichnus solus and Oichnus simplex, two peculiar ichnospecies in modern benthic foraminifera from a polluted area in SW coast of Sardina, Italy
Authors: Buosi Carla , Cherchi Antonietta , Zuddas Pierpaolo , De Giudici Giovanni
Published: July 2020

The modern benthic foraminiferal tests collected from a coastal area of south-western Sardinia (Portoscuso-Portovesme) that is heavily polluted by industrial activity reveal intense and widespread bioerosional structures induced by diversified microborers. A large number of the foraminifera reveals microscopic round holes (1-60 μm in diameter) and roundish concavities (25x40 μm in external diameter) on their surface that belong, respectively, to the ichnospecies Oichnus simplex Bromley, 1981, and Fossichnus solus Nielsen et al., 2003. These traces just occur in the tests of the foraminifera which are heavily infested by microendolithic cyanobacteria, algae and fungi suggests comparable ethological behaviour between the ichnospecies Fossichnus and Oichnus and the microbial euendoliths that are ascribed to individual biological taxa. The greater occurrence of F. solus and O. simplex in the high-Mg foraminiferal porcelanaceous tests than in the low-Mg foraminiferal hyaline tests reveals that the bioerosional processes seem to be related to the Mg/Ca ratio, as well as to morphological structures of the taxa
Ichnology and sedimentology of estuarina deposits, Mata Amarilla Formation, Austral Basin, Argentina
Authors: Richiano Sebastián , Varela Augusto N , Cereceda Abril , Poiré Daniel G
Published: July 2020

The Mata Amarilla Formation (Upper Cretaceous) is part of the infilling of the Austral Basin (Patagonia, Argentina). This unit is mainly composed of grey to black mudstones interbedded with fine-to coarse-grained sandstones, deposited in littoral and continental environments. Three informal sections have been defined; the littoral deposits of the lower and upper sections constitute the object of this study. The intervals contain Arenicolites, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Skolithos, Thalassinoides, Teredolites and fugichnia. The sedimentological and ichnological analyses allowed the distinction of three facies associations (FA) developed in an estuarine palaeoenvironment The more proximal FA1 is the bay-head delta, comprising delta-front bars of course-grained sandstone, containing Arenicolites, Skolithos and allochthonous petrified wood with Teredolites. This trace fossils association indicates high-energy conditions. The FA2, interpreted as estuarine bars, is composed of fine-to medium-grained containing herringbone cross-stratification and mud drapes with Cylindrichnus, Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Thalassinoides and fugichnia. This reflects a setting with a high sedimentation rates, moderate energy, unstable substrates, and normal salinity. Finally, the FA3 (fine-grained estuarine deposits) are characterized by heterolithic rocks with synaeresis cracks and Arenicolites, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Palaeophycus, Thalassinoides and Skolithos. These ichnogenera are generally characterized by small sizes, consistent with a Salinity stressed paleoenvironment. The distribution, size and abundance of the trace fossils were controlled by several environmental factors, e.g. energy, sedimentation rate and salinity contents. The palaeoenvironmental factors variability is directly related to the fresh water and sediment input from rivers flood, which took place during the wet season of a warm, temperate climate
Properties of solutions to some weighted p-Laplacian equation
Authors: Garain Prashanta
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we prove some qualitative properties for the positive solutions to some degenerate elliptic equation given by \[-\text{div}\big(w|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u\big)=f(x,u),\quad w\in \mathcal{A}_p,\] on smooth domain and for varying nonlinearity \(f\).
An adipokine feedback regulating diurnal food intake rhythms in mice
Authors: Tsang Anthony H , Koch Christiane E , Kiehn Jana-Thabea , Schmidt Cosima X , Oster Henrik
Published: July 2020

Endogenous circadian clocks have evolved to anticipate 24 hr rhythms in environmental demands. Recent studies suggest that circadian rhythm disruption is a major risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders in humans. Conversely, alterations in energy state can disrupt circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology, creating a vicious circle of metabolic dysfunction. How peripheral energy state affects diurnal food intake, however, is still poorly understood. We here show that the adipokine adiponectin (ADIPOQ) regulates diurnal feeding rhythms through clocks in energy regulatory centers of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Adipoq-deficient mice show increased rest phase food intake associated with disrupted transcript rhythms of clock and appetite-regulating genes in the MBH. ADIPOQ regulates MBH clocks via AdipoR1-mediated upregulation of the core clock gene Bmal1. BMAL1, in turn, controls expression of orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the MBH. Together, these data reveal a systemic metabolic circuit to regulate central circadian clocks and energy intake.
A high-throughput small molecule screen identifies farrerol as a potentiator of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing
Authors: Zhang Weina , Chen Yu , Yang Jiaqing , Zhang Jing , Yu Jiayu , Wang Mengting , Zhao Xiaodong , Wei Ke , Wan Xiaoping , Xu Xiaojun , Jiang Ying , Chen Jiayu , Gao Shaorong , Mao Zhiyong
Published: July 2020

Directly modulating the choice between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) - two independent pathways for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) - has the potential to improve the efficiency of gene targeting by CRISPR/Cas9. Here, we have developed a rapid and easy-to-score screening approach for identifying small molecules that affect the choice between the two DSB repair pathways. Using this tool, we identified a small molecule, farrerol, that promotes HR but does not affect NHEJ. Further mechanistic studies indicate that farrerol functions through stimulating the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites. Importantly, we demonstrated that farrerol effectively promotes precise targeted integration in human cells, mouse cells and mouse embryos at multiple genomic loci. In addition, treating cells with farrerol did not have any obvious negative effect on genomic stability. Moreover, farrerol significantly improved the knock-in efficiency in blastocysts, and the subsequently generated knock-in mice retained the capacity for germline transmission.
Environmentally relevant levels of four psychoactive compounds vary in their effects on freshwater fish condition: a brain concentration evidence approach
Authors: Hubená Pavla , Horký Pavel , Grabic Roman , Grabicová Kateřina , Slavík Ondřej , Randák Tomáš
Published: July 2020

Background

The aquatic environment has been contaminated with various anthropogenic pollutants, including psychoactive compounds that may alter the physiology and behavior of free-living organisms. The present study focused on the condition and related mortality of the juvenile chub (Squalius cephalus). The aim of the study was to test whether the adverse effects of the antidepressants sertraline and citalopram, the analgesic tramadol and the illicit drug methamphetamine, on fish condition exist under environmentally relevant concentrations and whether these effects persist after a depuration period. Innovative analyses of the fish brain concentrations of these compounds were performed with the aim to show relationship between compound brain tissue concentration and fish condition.

Methods

The laboratory experiment consisted of 42 days of exposure and a subsequent 14-day depuration period with regular monitoring of the condition and mortality of exposed and control fish. Identical methodology, including individual brain concentration analyses for the tested compounds, was applied for all substances. Additional study on feeding under sertraline exposure was also conducted. The feeding was measured from the 28th day of the exposure, three times in a week, by observation of food intake during 15 minutes in social environment.

Results

The effects of particular psychoactive compounds on chub condition varied. While sertraline induced a lower condition and increased mortality, the effects of methamphetamine were inverse, and tramadol and citalopram had no significant effect at all. Individual brain concentrations of the tested compounds showed that the effects of sertraline and methamphetamine on fish condition were increased with brain concentration increases. Additionally, the food intake was reduced in case of sertraline. In contrast, there was no relationship between tramadol and citalopram brain tissue concentration and fish condition, suggesting that the concentration-dependent effect is strongly compound-specific. Methamphetamine was the only compound with a persistent effect after the depuration period. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the brain concentration evidence approach and suggest that changes in fish condition and other related parameters can be expected in freshwater ecosystems polluted with specific psychoactive compounds.
A New Family of Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells: BaHfxCe0.8−xY0.1Yb0.1O3−δ
Authors: Murphy Ryan , Zhou Yucun , Zhang Lei , Soule Luke , Zhang Weilin , Chen Yu , Liu Meilin
Published: July 2020

Reversible solid oxide cells based on ceramic proton conductors have potential to be the most efficient system for large‐scale energy storage. The performance and long‐term durability of these systems, however, are often limited by the ionic conductivity or stability of the proton‐conducting electrolyte. Here new family of solid oxide electrolytes, BaHfxCe0.8−xY0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BHCYYb), which demonstrate a superior ionic conductivity to stability trade‐off than the state‐of‐the‐art proton conductors, BaZrxCe0.8−xY0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb), at similar Zr/Hf concentrations, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, and X‐ray diffraction analysis of samples over 500 h of testing are reported. The increase in performance is revealed through thermodynamic arguments and first‐principle calculations. In addition, lab scale full cells are fabricated, demonstrating high peak power densities of 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 W cm−2 at 600, 650, and 700 °C, respectively. Round‐trip efficiencies for steam electrolysis at 1 A cm−2 are 78%, 72%, and 62% at 700, 650, and 600 °C, respectively. Finally, CO2H2O electrolysis is carried out for over 700 h with no degradation.
Engineered Ovalbumin Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Habibi Nahal , Christau Stephanie , Ochyl Lukasz J. , Fan Zixing , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Kuehnhammer Matthias , Zhang Mengwen , Helgeson Matthew , von Klitzing Regine , Moon James J. , Lahann Joerg
Published: July 2020

Ovalbumin (OVA) is a protein antigen that is widely used for eliciting cellular and humoral immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. As an alternative to solute OVA, engineering approach is developed herein towards protein nanoparticles (pNPs) based on reactive electrospraying. The resulting pNPs are comprised of polymerized OVA, where individual OVA molecules are chemically linked via poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units. Controlling the PEG/OVA ratio allows for fine‐tuning of critical physical properties, such as particle size, elasticity, and, at the molecular level, mesh size. As the PEG/OVA ratio decreased, OVA pNPs are more effectively processed by dendritic cells, resulting in higher OT‐I CD8+ cells proliferation in vitro. Moreover, pNPs with lower PEG/OVA ratios elicit enhanced lymphatic drainage in vivo and increased uptake by lymph node macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, while 500 nm OVA pNPs show poor draining lymph nodes delivery. In addition, pNPs with lower PEG/OVA ratios result in higher anti‐OVA antibody titers in vivo, suggesting improved humoral immune responses. Importantly, OVA pNPs result in significantly increased median survival relative to solute OVA antigen in a mouse model of B16F10‐OVA melanoma. This work demonstrates that precisely engineered OVA pNPs can improve the overall anti‐tumor response compared to solute antigen.