bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanoregulation and pathology of YAP/TAZ via Hippo and non‐Hippo mechanisms
Authors: Dobrokhotov Oleg , Samsonov Mikhail , Sokabe Masahiro , Hirata Hiroaki
Published: July 2018

Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and its paralog WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) are important regulators of multiple cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. On the tissue level, YAP/TAZ are essential for embryonic development, organ size control and regeneration, while their deregulation leads to carcinogenesis or other diseases. As an underlying principle for YAP/TAZ‐mediated regulation of biological functions, a growing body of research reveals that YAP/TAZ play a central role in delivering information of mechanical environments surrounding cells to the nucleus transcriptional machinery. In this review, we discuss mechanical cue‐dependent regulatory mechanisms for YAP/TAZ functions, as well as their clinical significance in cancer progression and treatment.
Two-parameter prestack seismic inversion of porosity and pore structure parameter of fractured carbonate reservoirs: Part 1 — Methods
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Sun Yuefeng
Published: July 2018

Fractured zones in deeply buried carbonate hills are important because they often have better permeability resulting in prolific production than similar low-porosity rocks. Nevertheless, their detection poses great challenge to conventional seismic inversion methods because they are mostly low in acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, hardly distinguishable from high-porosity zones or mudstones. A proxy parameter of pore structure defined in a rock-physics model, the so-called Sun model, has been used for delineating fractured zones in which the pore structure parameter is relatively high, whereas the porosity is low in general. Simultaneous seismic inversion of the pore structure parameter and porosity proves to be difficult and nontrivial in practice. Although the pore structure parameter is well-defined at locations where density, P-, and S-velocity are known from logs, estimation of P- and S-velocity information, especially density information from prestack seismic data is rather challenging. A three-step iterative inversion method, which uses acoustic, gradient, and elastic impedance from angle-stacked seismic data as input to the rock-physics model for calculating porosity and bulk and shear pore structure parameters simultaneously, is proposed and implemented to solve this problem. The methodology is successfully tested with well logs and seismic data from a deeply buried carbonate hill in the Bohai Bay Basin, China.
Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults
Authors: Tyndall Amanda V. , Clark Cameron M. , Anderson Todd J. , Hogan David B. , Hill Michael D. , Longman R.S. , Poulin Marc J.
Published: July 2018

Accelerated trajectories of cognitive decline in older adults may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Physical activity has potential modifying effects on these changes that could prevent or delay ADRD. This review explores the hypothesis that multiple, mutually complimentary, and interacting factors explain the positive association between exercise and the optimization of cognition in older adults.
A periferia no centro
Authors: Barki Edgard , Pansarella Laura
Published: July 2018

O empreendedorismo social que nasce nas “margens” busca romper com a lógica de um movimento originalmente da elite para a base.
A host subtraction database for virus discovery in human cell line sequencing data
Authors: Miller Jason R. , Dilley Kari A. , Harkins Derek M. , Stockwell Timothy B. , Shabman Reed S. , Sutton Granger G.
Published: July 2018

The human cell lines HepG2, HuH-7, and Jurkat are commonly used for amplification of the RNA viruses present in environmental samples. To assist with assays by RNAseq, we sequenced these cell lines and developed a subtraction database that contains sequences expected in sequence data from uninfected cells. RNAseq data from cell lines infected with Sendai virus were analyzed to test host subtraction. The process of mapping RNAseq reads to our subtraction database vastly reduced the number non-viral reads in the dataset to allow for efficient secondary analyses.
A demographic dividend of the FP2020 Initiative and the SDG reproductive health target: Case studies of India and Nigeria
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Rimon Jose G.
Published: July 2018

Background: The demographic dividend, defined as the economic growth potential resulting from favorable shifts in population age structure following rapid fertility decline, has been widely employed to advocate improving access to family planning. The current framework focuses on the long-term potential, while the short-term benefits may also help persuade policy makers to invest in family planning.

Methods: We estimate the short- and medium-term economic benefits from two major family planning goals: the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020)’s goal of adding 120 million modern contraceptive users by 2020; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3.7 of ensuring universal access to family planning by 2030. We apply the cohort component method to World Population Prospects and National Transfer Accounts data. India and Nigeria, respectively the most populous Asian and African country under the FP2020 initiative, are used as case studies.

Results: Meeting the FP2020 target implies that on average, the number of children that need to be supported by every 100 working-age people would decrease by 8 persons in India and 11 persons in Nigeria in 2020; the associated reduction remains at 8 persons in India, but increases to 14 persons in Nigeria by 2030 under the SDG 3.7. In India meeting the FP2020 target would yield a saving of US$18.2 billion (PPP) in consumption expenditures for children and youth in the year 2020 alone, and that increased to US$89.7 billion by 2030. In Nigeria the consumption saved would be US$2.5 billion in 2020 and $12.9 billion by 2030.

Conclusions: The tremendous economic benefits from meeting the FP2020 and SDG family planning targets demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of investment in promoting access to contraceptive methods. The gap already apparent between the observed and targeted trajectories indicates tremendous missing opportunities. Accelerated progress is needed to achieve the FP2020 and SDG goals and so reap the demographic dividend.
Dermatology prescribing update: Rosacea
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: July 2018

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that affects the face. Because of this, it can be very distressing to the patient. Mild-to-moderate rosacea should be managed in primary care following current guidance. Nurse prescribers are ideally placed to manage rosacea and support patients with lifestyle advice. Treatment should be matched to the type of rosacea, and a 3-month treatment rule should be applied before review. This article addresses rosacea and its subtypes, treatment and practical skin care advice.
Update on recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
Authors: Fraser Barny
Published: July 2018

Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy has long been recognised in the horse. However, despite decades of research and treatment of the condition, our understanding of how to best treat affected horses remains incomplete. The advent of overground exercising endoscopy has helped confirm the diagnosis and shown the complex nature of many airway obstructions. A consensus laryngeal grading system allows diagnostic data and treatment results from different populations to be more subjectively analysed. Advances in treatment include modifications to the prosthetic laryngoplasty surgery and development of laryngeal pacing using the cervical nerves to stimulate intrinsic laryngeal muscles at exercise. There is currently no single treatment appropriate for every affected horse, therefore owners must be carefully counselled after an accurate diagnosis has been reached, prior to choosing a surgical option. As many horses will still have complex dynamic airway collapse post-laryngoplasty, informed consent may help avoid the disappointment associated with perceived poor outcomes.
Recent Trends in Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials
Authors: E. Ibrahim Khalid , O. Bakhiet Amel , Khan Ayaat , A. Khan Haseeb
Published: July 2018

In recent years, there have been enormous developments in utilizing the potential of nanotechnology in different fields including biomedical sciences. The most remarkable biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Functionalization of NPs renders them unique properties so that they can be used as contrast agent for dual or triple modal imaging. The design and synthesis of new generation NPs aiming at targeted drug delivery has revolutionized the safe and effective therapies for complex and difficult to treat diseases. The theranostic NPs possess the dual capabilities for disease diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the biomedical applications of NPs based on recent reports published in this area of research.
Laboratory Diagnosis and Potential Application of Nucleic Acid Biosensor Approach for Early Detection of Dengue Virus Infections
Authors: Izuan Abdul Rashid Jahwarhar , Azah Yusof Nor
Published: July 2018

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, the genus of Flaviviridae virus family. Until now, there is no specific medication to kill the dengue virus and patients just solely depend on the treatment of the dengue infection symptoms. Thus, a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of dengue virus is very desirable, especially in resource limited-condition. We briefly review pro and cons of existing diagnostic methods for the detection of dengue virus (virus isolation, PCR, NS1Ag, Serology). We also highlight the recent advances of the biosensor technology in the dengue diagnostic dengue as a promising point-of-care diagnostic in the future. The DNA based biosensor technology combined miniaturized sample preparation offers a good opportunity for the commercialized point of care testing for dengue diagnosis in the future.
romoting Functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes Using neem and flax oil for Resentence Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: J. Haider Adawiya , S. Ahmed Duha , J. Bohan Azhar , M. Jabar Saja
Published: July 2018

New and economic method of functionalized Multi walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) was made using neem and flax (kitan) oil separately improving their solubility as compared with the traditional methods. This method is initiated by ultrasoniction mixture of each oil separately (neem and flax) with 0.05g MWCNTs. Then the samples were dried at 90°C in a vacuum oven for 24 h and annealing for 1h at temperature 200oC to obtain the powder of MWCNTs containing functional groups treated with both oil separately. The results were examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to study the morphology of the surface treated with neem and flax oil. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the formation of functional group on to MWCNTs surface such as C=O and COOH. Furthermore, improving the antimicrobial activity of functionalized MWCNTs treated with oils and reducing colonies at high consecrations of samples against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus after incubated for 24h which reveals the ability of functionalized MWNTs in removal pathogens and enhanced the adsorption of bacteria on the surface of (MWCNTs), which are used in environmental applications and contaminated water such as filters.
In-Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Biologically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Mohiuddin Hafiz Shazmin , Sameer Kulkarni Smital , Kapil Thakur Mansee
Published: July 2018

Nanoparticles are increasingly used for biomedical purposes. In the past decades, much attention has been paid to toxicity assessment of nanoparticles prior to clinical and biological applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are being introduced into the consumer market significantly. Effects and accumulation patterns of IONPs were studied using zebrafish embryos. Nanoparticles of iron were synthesized by biological reduction of spinach, using 0.1 M Ferric Chloride. These nanoparticles were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and AAS were found to have the size range of 100 to 250 nm. Fish (n=12/group) were exposed from 8hpf to 7dpf to 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L IONPs. The results showed that LC50 was found to be10 mg/L concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles. 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L concentrations showed developmental toxicity in these embryos, causing mortality, and hatching delay. This study is one of the first on developmental toxicity in zebra fish caused by using biologically synthesised iron oxide nanoparticles.
Plantar Fasciitis Risk Factorsin Normal Population
Authors: Ghotbi Joshvaghan Hadi , Omidi-Kashani Farzad
Published: July 2018

Conservative treatments results for plantar fasciitis patients are inconsistent and therefore manipulating risk factors could be the best option for this disease. To determine risk factors of plantar fasciitis. In a retrospective study, all patients who had plantar fasciitis were enrolled and were compared to control group on their demographic characteristics. The angle of dorsi-flexion was recorded by examination of orthopedic surgeon, history of pregnancy and time of standing in one day. Plantar curvature was measured by orthopedic surgeon. Female sex percentage was significantly higher in PF group than male sex (p=0.007), but the difference in sex was not significant between PF and control groups (p=0.22). Body mass index (BMI) above 30 was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.013). Presence of bony spur was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.03). There were significant differences in foot curve degree in patients between PF and control groups (p=0.037). Odds ratio (OR) of plantar fasciitis was 1.65 times in patients with bony spur. History of pregnancy increase OR of plantar fasciitis 1.37 times (OR:1.37; 95% CI:1.20-1.82, p=0.017). Plantar fasciitis is associated with higher BMI, pregnancy, bony spur and foot curve cavus. However, it seems that a predisposing foot structural factor should also be accompanied with these risk factors.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage and Seedlings Age on the Yield and Use of Solar Energy in Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa glutinous L.)
Authors: Sunawan Sunawan , Sugito Yogi , Widaryanto Eko , Islami Titik
Published: July 2018

Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa glutinous L.) is one of the most important types of rice for food and health industries. However, the productivity is still low because the cultivation system has not been done optimally. This is also because the research on glutinous rice cultivation is still very small. The objective of this experiment is to get the N fertilizer dosage and seedlings age that can increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency of solar energy through increased efficiency of absorbed energy use. The treatment consisted of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer dose (D1 = 45 kg ha-1, D2 = 90 kg ha-1, D3 = 135 kg ha-1 and D4 = 180 kg ha-1) and three levels of seedlings age (U1 = 14 days, U2 = 21 days and U3 = 28 days). This treatment combination was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications, N fertilizer dosage as the main plot and seedlings age as the subplot. The results showed that the N fertilizer dosage used in this experiment had a significant effect on dry weight, the number of tillers, yields, absorbed use efficiency (AUE) and Energy Conversion Efficiency (ECE). Seedlings age did not give a significant effect on the number of productive tillers and grain yields. The highest grain yield was achieved by treatment of N 180 kg ha-1 fertilizer dose of 9.86 t ha-1 with AUE value of 2.83% and ECE 4.84%.
Callus growth and anthraquinones production of Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia L.) in Murashige-Skoogâ€™s medium (MS) supplemented with Ca2+ and Cu2+
Authors: ARININGSIH IKA , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: July 2018

The objectives of the research were to study the effect of Ca2+ and Cu2+ ions in Murashige-Skoogâ€™s medium on callus growth and anthraquinones production from Morinda citrifolia callus. The outline of the research was that the callus growth and secondary metabolite production from plantâ€™s body could be triggered by the occurrence of elicitor that is added to cultureâ€™s medium, as biotic or abiotic elicitors. The addition of Ca2+ and Cu2+ ions in cultureâ€™s medium as abiotic elicitor would cause the occurrence of metalâ€™s ion competition and interaction toward cells that being cultured, furthermore, it would influence ion transport from or to cell cytoplasm. Finally, cytoplasm pH would be influenced, so that both of callus growth and secondary metabolite from the cell that being cultured will also affected. In this research, in vitro callus culture method to obtain callus from explant (Morinda citrifolia leaf) and to induced anthraquinone production was used. In vitro culture used in this research consisted of 3 stages. First stage was the basal medium for sterilant object, second stage was the callus initiation medium to induce callus, and third stage was the treatment medium to induce anthraquinone production from callus. The research used factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors (Ca2+ ions: 0 mgl-1, 440 mgl-1, 880 mgl-1 and Cu2+ ions 0 mgl-1, 2,5 mgl-1, 5 mgl-1), with 3 replicates. Data collected were qualitative data (explant sterilization and callus morphology) and quantitative data (callus growth rate, callus dry weight, and anthraquinone content). The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT with 5% confidence level. The result of the research indicated that the treatment with addition of Ca2+ and Cu2+ ions on MS medium did not have any significant effect on callus growth and anthraquinone production.
Diversity of essential oils constituent of Curcuma
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

Curcuma rhizome had been used long time ago as spices, flavoring agents and medicinal substances. This genus consisting of about 20 species based on morphological characters, however, only seven species of them can be obtained and used in this assay, namely C. aeruginosa Roxb. (temu ireng), C. domestica Val. (kunir), C. heyneana Val. & van Zipj. (temu giring), C. mangga Val. (temu mangga), C. purpurascens Bl. (temu gleyeh), C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. (temu lawak), and C. zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. (temu putih). This research was conducted to find out: (i) percentage of volatile oil of seven Curcuma species, (ii) type and percentage of volatile oil components of those Curcuma, and (iii) similarity index of volatile oil of those Curcuma based on type and percentage of each components. The plant materials were gathered from Surakarta, and they were sold at traditional market. Volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation method; type and percentage of components were determined by GC method, while similarity index was determined by UPGMA method. The result indicated that (i) volatile oil contents in the seven species of rhizome varies from 0.5-6% (v/w), (ii) the total number of volatile oil components of the rhizome (content >1%) was 64 compounds. The rhizome had 10 major components at the RT value of 5.30, 5.64, 7.98, 13.94, 14.05,14.38, 15.75, 16.43, 17.11, and 17.78 (iii) the relationships of those seven species were as follows: C. mangga and C. zedoaria had close relationship on the similarity index of 81%, and then C. xanthorrhiza joined on the similarity index of 73%. C. domestica and C. purpurascens had close relationship on the similarity index of 75%. Those two groups joined at the similarity index of 67%. C. aeruginosa and C. heyneana had close relationship on the similarity index of 72%. Those three groups joined at the similarity index of 59%. It is usual because they are of the same genus.
An analgetic activity of sedges (Cyperus rotundus L.) extract on white male mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: PUSPITASARI HESTI , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , WIDIYANI TETRI
Published: July 2018

The objectives of the research were to find out the effect of giving sedges root extract orally on the number of writhing after chemical pain induction and time reaction after thermal pain induction of mice and also to find out the extract dosage which had an influence on decreasing number of writhing after chemical pain induction and length of reaction time after thermal pain induction of mice. The Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatment groups and each treatment used 5 repetitions were used in this study. The groups were: Group I , control group, treated with sedges root extract of 0 mg/ 20 g BW , 0,5 ml; Group II treated with sedges root extract of 1 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group III treated with sedges root extract of 3 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group IV treated with sedges root extract of 5 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group V treated with sedges root extract of 7 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group VI treated with asetosal 200 mg/ kg BW , 0,5 ml/ 20 g BW and for the activity test, the sedges root extract was suspended in CMC 1%. Induction of chemical pain was done according to Witkin et al. (1965) in Pudjiastuti et al. (2000), in which 0,1 ml 3% of Acetic Acid/ 20 g BB was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes after giving oral-material test. The mouse gave a respond in the way of writhing. Thermal pain induction was done by placing the mouse on hot plate with constant temperature of 55oC. The mouse gave a respond in the way of lick its back foot or even jumping. The data collected was analyzed using one direction ANOVA model and it was continued with LSD test in order to find out the difference every treatment group. The result of the analysis showed that the sedges root extract dosage of 7 mg/ 20 g BB decreased the number of writhing after chemical pain induction and length of mouse time reaction after thermal pain induction, so that sedges root extract dosage 7 mg/ 20 g BB had an analgetic function.
Potential inhibition of essential oils and crude extract of Zingiber species to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense
Authors: PURWANTI PURWANTI , SURANTO SURANTO , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the potency of essential oil and crude extract of rhizome lempuyang pahit (Zingiber amaricans Vahl.), lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet L.) and lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum L.) in preventing growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (2) to determine the proper concentration of essential oil and crude extract in preventing the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil of rhizome Zingiber spp. was separated by Stahl destilation with methanol solvent. Crude extract was made by soaking the powder of Zingiber spp. in methanol absolute and then filtered by paper disk. Several compounds of rhizome Z. amaricans Vahl. were analysed by GC-MS. Potential inhibition of essential oil and crude extract were examined using disk diffusion method at concentration of 1%, 10%, and 100% respectively, while methanol absolute was used as control and Benlate fungicide was used for comparison. The result showed that essential oil and crude extract of Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil Z. amaricans Vahl. were also able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense at lowest concentration of 1% while the Z. zerumbet L. at concentration 10%. Crude extract Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to prevent the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense even at concentration of 100%.
Isolation of antibacterial compounds from chloroform extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaves guided by bioautography
Authors: APRISTIANI DWI , ASTUTI PUJI
Published: July 2018

Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) have been traditionally used as antibacterial agent for a long time. Former research mentioned that neem leaves were proven to have antibacterial activity. This study was aimed to isolate antibacterial components in the chloroform extract of neem leaves guided by bioautography. Neem leaves were extracted by maceration technique. Antibacterial testing of chloroform extract was conducted by agar dilution method. Chloroform extract at the concentration of 1000 Âµg/mL inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but not Escherichia coli. The extract was then fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) method, and the fractions obtained were tested for antibacterial activity. The mixture of 2 and 3 fractions which was eluted with n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 9:1 (v/v) and n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 5:1 (v/v) inhibited the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of 1000 Âµg/mL. TLCbioautography of the fraction showed two inhibition zone with hRf values of 43.75 and 18.75. Isolate with hRf of 18.75 has Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 500 Âµg/mL and still contained many components such as terpenoid.
Antimalaria assay of fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia and activity of mice (Mus musculus) macrophage after infecting it with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: HUTOMO RAHADI , SUTARNO SUTARNO , WINARNO WIEN , KUSMARDI KUSMARDI
Published: July 2018

Malaria is a world wide disease. Death resulting from the disease was caused by the parasiteâ€™s resistance to the malaria drugs and the problem of immune system. The aims of the research were to know the effect of M. citrifolia fruit extract to Plasmodium berghei on total red blood cells of mice, and to know the effect of the extract on the number of intraperitoneal macrophage phagocytosing latex after infected by P. berghei. Three doses of fruit extract, 200, 150, 100 mg/kg BB were used in this study. Fansidar was used as positive control, while distilled water was used as negative control. The result of this research indicated that dose of 200 mg/kg BB could reduce number of parasitemia to 3.576%, dose of 150 mg/kg BB to 4.107%, and dose of 100 mg/kg BB to 13.331% on day 5, and could not reduce any number of parasitemia on the next day. Inhibition by Fansidar reached 0.201%, while distilled water did not show any inhibition activity. Different macrophage activity on phagocytosing latex was taken place. The average of macrophage activity on phagocytosing latex at dose of 200 mg/kg BB was 3.8x106 cell, at dose of 150 mg/kg BB was 2.53x106 cell/mL, while at dose 100 mg/kg BB was 1.5x106 cell/mL, and 2.43x106 cell/mL for the control. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the reduction of the number of parasitemia taken place at dose 200 and 150 mg/kg BB, although its activity is much lower than malaria drug of Fansidar. Macrophage activities increased at dose of 200 mg/kg BB.
The effect of drying methods variation on saponin content, total plate count, and pathogen bacteria of simplisia of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. leaf extract
Authors: RACHMAWATI NOOR AFIFAH , SURANTO SURANTO , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN
Published: July 2018

The purposes of this research were to study the effect of drying methods variation on saponin content, total plate count, and pathogen bacteria of simplicia of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. leaf extract. The research was conducted by using Completely Random Design with the single factor and three replications. The treatment consisted of four treatments: without drying sample (as control) (P0), direct sunray drying (P1), indirect sunray (under shade place) drying (P2), and vacuum drying oven at temperature 45oC (P3). The observed parameters were: saponin content, total plate count, and pathogen bacteria. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncanâ€™s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) on the 5% level. The result of research showed that drying method with vacuum drying oven at temperature 45oC to simplicia of S. grandiflora leaf produce the highest saponin contents due to 16.38 mg/mL. Dried method with indirect sunray (under shade place) and with direct sunray produce lower saponin contents are 16.24 mg/mL and 10.58 mg/mL. Dried method with vacuum drying oven at temperature 45oC to simplicia of S. grandiflora leaf could suppress microbial growth and produce the lowest bacteria total plate count due to 7.9.104 colony/g. Dried method with direct sunray and with indirect sunray (under shaded place) produce bacteria total plate count is 1.57.105 colony/g and 1.88.106 colony/g. This third drying method showed pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are negative (-).
The effect of broccoli (Brassica oelracea var botrytis) extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice (Mus musculus L.) after exposed by lead acetate (Pb-acetate) orally
Authors: SETYANINGSIH RIRIN DIYAH , HANDAJANI NOOR SOESANTI , HARINI MARTI
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to know the effect of broccoli extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice after induction of lead acetate. Broccoli contains antitoxic compound such as sulforaphane, beta-carotene, indole, quercetin, and glutathione. The research was evaluated experimentally to Swiss mice at the age of 2 months with average weight of 31 g. These mice were divided into five groups. A group was a placebo controls that given only with distilled water 1 ml for 30 days. Negative control group received lead acetate orally at the dose of 0.52 mg/g body weights for 15 days. Mice of group 1, 2, and 3 received the same treatment but continued with giving broccoli extract orally in three doses: 2.1 mg; 2.8 mg and 3.5 mg/g bw/day respectively for 15 days. Liver and kidney were removed at 31st day. Observation of microanatomy structure was: 1) Determining the kind and damage level of hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubules epithelia as the qualitative data; 2) Measuring the height of proximal tubules epithelia, glomerulus diameter and central vein diameter as the quantitative data, which then analyzed with ANOVA. The result of this research showed that exposed by lead acetate orally caused hydrophilic degeneration, fatty swelling and necrotic (pycnotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) on hepatocyte and proximal tubules epithelia, swelling of glomeruli. Consumption of broccoli at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day could repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Broccoli extract at the lowest dose (2.1 mg/g bw/day and 2.8 mg/g bw/day) could not repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Consumption of broccoli extract at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day was helping the cells repairmen (i.e. hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubule epithelia) in mice (Mus musculus. L) damage by lead acetate.
Bioactive compound that inhabit quorum sensing system in gram negative bacteria
Authors: AINI NUR , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

Bacteria communicate using chemical signaling molecules as words. They release, detect, and respond to the accumulation of these molecules, which are called autoinducers. Detection of autoinducers allows bacteria to distinguish between low and high cell population density, and to control gene expression in response to changes the cell number. This process is termed quorum sensing. Many bacterial behaviors are regulated by quorum sensing, including virulence factors on gram negative bacteria. Quorum sensing is a novel target for antimicrobial therapies. Many eukariots including plants, fungus, and animals produce molecules that can interfered bacteria communication, such as halogen furanon from alga Delisea pulchra, N- (heptylsulfanylacetyl)-L-homoserine-lactone from Allium sativum, and flustramine from bryozoan Flustra foliacea.
Effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum esculentum) on LDL cholesterol level of white rat
Authors: AL MOKHTAR MUH. UMAR , ARININGRUM DIAN , KUSTIWINARNI KUSTIWINARNI
Published: July 2018

Al Mokhtar MU, Ariningrum D, Kustiwinarni. 2009. Effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum esculentum) on LDL cholesterol level of white rat. Biofarmasi 7: 22-30. The prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) over the world is very high. Atherosclerosis due to hypercholesterolemia is a predisposing factor of CHD. The role of high dietary of tomato juice is associated with a lowered LDLcholesterol. Lycopene and naringenin of tomato juice will decrease LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and upregulating LDL cholesterol receptor in liver. The study aimed to determine the effect of tomato juice on LDL cholesterol in white rat, Rattus norvegicus. The study was an experimental laboratory with pre and post-test controlled group design. Thirty-four adult male Wistar rats, 3 months in age and weighing 180-200 grams, were used in the research. They were divided into two groups, group 1 (KI) as control and group 2 (KII) as treatment group of tomato juice, with 17 rats for each group. They were allowed with standard diet for 7 days. During pretest period for 2 weeks, KI and KII were given hypercholesterolemic fed 100 g/BW ad libitum (mixed diet which consisted of standard diet 88.5%, coconut oil 1%, lard oil 10% and 0.5% crystalline cholesterol), egg yolk force-fed by gastric tube 7.5 ml/BW and PTU 0.1% ad libitum. During post-test period for 2 weeks, KI was given the same intervention with pretest period and aquadest force-fed 30 ml/BW as placebo by gastric tube, whereas KII was given the same intervention with KI and tomato juice forcefed 30 ml/BW by gastric tube. The measurement of the level of LDL cholesterol was conducted by using spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Windows 13. Studentâ€™s t-paired analysis was used for variable that normally distributed. Wilcoxon test was used for variable that skewed. Both statistical analyses were used to determine significant differences, the values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The effect of tomato juice by 30 ml/BW on LDL cholesterol for 2 weeks in Rattus norvegicus was determined. The result of t-paired test obtained showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of LDL cholesterol level before and after treatment on KII. Based on the study, there was an effect of tomato juice 30 ml/BW on LDL cholesterol for 2 weeks in Rattus norvegicus.
Isolation and characterization of sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum sp. for making tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) meatballs
Authors: WARDANI WIWIN DWI , KAWIJI KAWIJI , MANUHARA GODRAS JATI
Published: July 2018

Wardani WD, Kawiji, Manuhara GJ. 2009. Isolation and characterization of sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum sp. for making tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) meatballs. Biofarmasi 7: 59-67. Brown algae Sargassum sp. widespread in territorial of Indonesia. Sargassum sp. can be extracted for the yield compound of sodium alginate that can be applied in making the tenggiri meatballs to take care the emulsion stability and to repair the properties of rheology. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor that was a variation of sodium alginate addition, i.e. F1 (0% alginate), F2 (0.25% alginate), F3 (0.5% alginate), F4 (0.75% alginate) and F5 (0.5% STPP). The result of research showed the characteristics of sodium alginate of seaweeds Sargassum sp. from the extraction result included: water rate [5.94% (wb)]; ash rate [19.62% (wb) and 20.86% (db)]; the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.1% (9.07), the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.2% (9.07), the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.3% (9.06), water absorption (214.44%), and rendement (31.62%). The addition of sodium alginate in the making tenggiri meatballs improved the hardness and elasticity of meatballs. The highest hardness level of tenggiri meatballs was formula F4 (0.75% alginate) and the highest elasticity level of tenggiri meatballs was with an addition of sodium alginate formula F4. The result of organoleptic test indicated that an addition of sodium alginate tends to improve panelist pleasure to color, flavor, taste, elasticity and hardness of tenggiri meatballs. The tenggiri meatballs formula F4 represented the formula which the most liked by the panelists. The chemical characteristic of tenggiri meatballs formula F4 including: water rate (74.61%), ash rate (1.66%), protein rate (14.53%), fat rate (0.93%) and carbohydrate rate (8.26%).
Antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds from radish (Raphanus sativus) leaves against Escherichia coli and its chemical compounds
Authors: VIRGANITA JENNY , WAHYUNI DINAR SARI CAHYANINGRUM , NUGRAHENI ESTU RETNANINGTYAS
Published: July 2018

Virganita J, Wahyuni DSC, Nugraheni ER. 2009. Antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds from radish (Raphanus sativus) leaves against Escherichia coli and its chemical compounds. Biofarmasi 7: 94-98. Indonesia has many kinds of plants, some of them are medicinal plants that were used to cure various diseases. One of medicinal plants is radish (Raphanus sativus L.), known as vegetable. That is the reason conducting the research to find out the bioactive compounds from plants, which can be used as raw materials of drug. Other reasons are expensive drug prices in the market, the death case due to microbial infection, and the increasing of bacterial resistance because of ineffectiveness usage of antibiotic. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of bioactive compounds from radish leaves against Escherichia coli. Bioactive compounds were found by extraction dan partition using centrifugation. Dry powder from radish leaves was extracted with chloroform and methanol. After the antibacterial testing, methanol extract resulted in an antibacterial effect was separated in a partition by ethyl acetate into soluble and insoluble parts. The soluble part of ethyl acetate resulted in an antibacterial effect on the concentration of 30-50% was shown by a clear zone (average 10 mm). It was separated again into soluble and insoluble fractions with dichloromethane. Dichloromethane soluble fraction formed a clear zone about 8.30 mm on 10% concentration and 8.42 mm on 20% concentration. Furthermore, the chemical constituent profile of the most active fraction was monitored using KLT method and detected with spray chemicals. The results indicated that radish leaves had bioactive compounds from phenolic group. It was proved by ammonia detection which giving a yellow color, and dark blue with FeCl3 detection.
Extraction and characterization of pectin on green cincau (Premna oblongifolia) in edible film production
Authors: RACHMAWATI ARINDA KARINA , ANANDITO R. BASKORO KATRI , MANUHARA GODRAS JATI
Published: July 2018

Rachmawati AK, Anandito RBK, Manuhara GJ. 2010. Extraction and characterization of pectin on green cincau (Premna oblongifolia) in edible film production. Biofarmasi 8: 1-10. The use of green cincau pectin was presumed to influence the result of edible film characteristics, i.e. thickness, solvability, elongation, tensile strength, and water vapour transmission (WVTR). The aims in this research were: (i) to find out the chemical characteristics of green cincau pectin on the physical (thickness and solvability) and mechanical properties (elongation and tensile strength), (ii) to determine the edible film inhibition of green cincau pectin against the water vapour transmission rate, and (iii) to find out the edible film capability in inhibiting the weight loss on green grape by wrapping and coating method. The five major steps in this research were material preparation (making green cincau powder and pectin extraction), the characterization of extraction result pectin, making edible film, edible film characterization, and edible film application. This research used a completely randomized design with twice replications in edible film making for each treatment concentration and twice replication for edible film characteristic testing in each edible film making replication. Variance analysis was used to analyze data, if there was a significant difference, it will be continued with a Duncan Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 0.05. The yield of green cincau powder and pectin were 27.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The extraction result pectin consisted of 5.09% water, 11.06% protein, 0.35% fat, 28.5% ash, 55.00% carbohydrate (by different), and 12.15% crude fiber. The increasing of pectin concentration tends to increase the thickness and tensile strength, but reduced the water vapour transmission rate. The lowest water vapour transmission rate occurred at the edible film with 30% pectin concentration. Its water vapour transmission rate was 0.317 g.mm/m2.hour. The green grape weight loss with a wrapping method was 0.0212 g/hour, and the green grape weight loss with a coating method was 0.0634 g/hour.
The effect of ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions of bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) bulb extract on expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell line T47D
Authors: SUDARMAWAN IVAN HENDRA , DLIDIR DJOKO , MUDIGDO AMBAR , BUDIANI DYAH RATNA
Published: July 2018

Sudarmawan IH, Dlilir D, Mudigdo A, Budiani DR. 2010. The effect of ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions of bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) bulb extract on expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell line T47D. Biofarmasi 8: 17-26. Breast cancer was still to be the most popular disease. The second highest morbidity and mortality stages after cervix cancer which need to be involved in alternative therapy. Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr ) had been used as anti-cancer in empiric therapy by urban society. Therefore, it was needed to determine the influence of etanolic and petroleum eter fractions of bawang dayak extract on the p53 mutant expression in T47D breast cancer cell in vitro. Epithelial cell in ductal mammae breast cancer T47D which had a malignancy and p53 mutant, with ER/PR positive status. As a comparation, it was used MCF7 cell specimen (negative control). They were cultured on 60 wells for T47D and MCF7 in RPMI 1640 media. Each well was filled with 2x105 cells/200 Âµl media. Thirty wells with a size of 1.5 cm/T47D cell diameter, cultured in etanolic and petroleum eter fractions with under concentration of LC50. The number of sample was determined by using â€œRule of Thumbâ€. The result of LC50 on T47D breast cancer cell were etanolic fraction 125 Î¼g/mL, while petroleum eter fraction 31.25 Î¼g/mL. The result of expression percentage of p53 mutant given by the extract of etanolic fraction of bawang dayak were: 0 Î¼g/mL = 36.11%, 15.625 Î¼g/mL = 28.32%, 31.25 Î¼g/mL = 27.46%, 62.5 Î¼g/mL = 19.67%, and 125 Î¼g/mL = 11.02%. Other result of bawang dayak extract percentage given in petroleum eter fraction were: 0 Î¼g/mL = 26.16%, 3.90625 Î¼g/mL = 25.29%, 7.8125 Î¼g/mL = 22.70%, 15.625 Î¼g/mL = 22.27%, and 31.25 Î¼g/mL =15.78%. The treatment of bawang dayak extract in ethanolic and petroleum eter fractions were able to inhibit the expression of p53 mutant in vitro. The result of this research showed no significant difference in the inhibition expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell T47D.
Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed extract against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: OKTIARI YESSI , WIDJOKONGKO S. BAMBANG , WIJAYANTI LILIK
Published: July 2018

Oktiari Y, Widjokongko SB, Wijayanti L. 2010. Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed extract against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice. Biofarmasi 8: 52-57. Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao) contains flavonoids, an antioxidant that can reduce oxidant from the process of metabolism of paracetamol. This metabolism creates NAPQI. This study explained the effect of cocoa bean extract to reduce the liver histologic disruption of mice (Mus musculus) that treated by paracetamol. This study was a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only controlled group design. The samples used in this research included forty male mice, Swiss Webster type, 2-3 months in age and Â±20 g body weight. The samples divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of ten mice. Mice for the control group (K) were not given with paracetamol and the cocoa bean extract, but they were given only with aquadest of 0.2 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially. The first treatment group (P1) was given with paracetamol with a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice on the day 15, 16 and 17. The second treatment group (P2) was given with a dose of cocoa bean extract I consisted of 0.02 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially and also paracetamol in a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice at day 15, 16 and 17. The third treatment group (P3) was given a dose of extract II consisted of 0.04 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially and paracetamol in a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice on day 15, 16 and 17. On the 18th day, mice were sacrificed by the neck dislocation. After that, the liver slides were prepared by stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The ANOVA One-Way results showed that there were significant differences between the four groups. The results of the LSD method showed that there were significant differences between K-P1, K-P2, K-P3 and P1-P2 groups, but there was no a significant difference between K-P3 and P2-P3 groups. Cocoa extract can reduce the histologic disruption of mice that given a toxic by paracetamol.
The effect of daun sendok (Plantago major) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin
Authors: SATRIANY PUTRI , PUTRANTO R. P. ANDRI , SYARIFAH IPOP
Published: July 2018

Satriany P, Putranto RPA, Syarifah I. 2010. The effect of daun sendok (Plantago major) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin. Biofarmasi 8: 66-71. This research aimed to determine the effect of daun sendok (Plantago major L.) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin. This study was a laboratory experimental pre and post-test control group design. The subjects used were 16 male mice. Then, mice were induced with streptozotocin by a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally freshly dissolved in 0.02 M citrate saline buffer. Mice used were mice with blood glucose levels â‰¥200 mg/dL. Furthermore, mice were divided into 2 groups by a simple random sampling. Group 1 was given metformin in a dose of 1.3 mg/mice/day and group 2 was given daun sendok extract in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. At the 2nd week, it was measured for the glucose levels from the blood of mice tail by a Blood Glucose Stick Meter (Gluco DrTM). The data obtained were statistically analyzed by independent samples t-test by using SPSS Programme for Microsoft Windows release 17.0. The significance was set at p<0.05. The difference of average blood glucose levels pre vs post experiment, metformin group was -145.87 mg/dL and daun sendok group was -85.00 mg/dL (p=0.024). The experiment results showed that daun sendok extract in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day could reduce the blood glucose levels in Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin.