bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of urine immunofixation electrophoresis in prognostic evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Yang Chao , Li Wei , Lin Meilin
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To investigate the value of urine immunofixation electrophoresis in prognostic evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with multiple myeloma admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from November 2013 to December 2014 were included as research subjects. All patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were followed up for five years. Outcomes were evaluated according to the recovery status: complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progression disease (PD). In addition, the overall response rate (CR+VGPR) of patients was observed and their urine immunoglobulin status was measured by immunofixation electrophoresis. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to plot the survival curve, and the Log-rank method was adopted to analyze the relationship between CR+VGPR and PR and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survival in patients with myeloma.

Results: The basic clinical type of immunofixation electrophoresis was as follows: 19 cases (55.88%) of IgG, 7 cases (20.59%) of IgA, 6 cases (17.65%) of IgM, and 2 cases (5.88%) of light chain type. Outcomes: 13 cases (38.24%) of CR, 12 cases (35.29%) of VGPR, 9 cases (26.47%) of PR, and 25 cases (73.53%) of the overall response rate (CR+VGPR). Compared with IgG, CR, VGPR and PR of IgA, IgM and light chain had statistically significant differences in outcome (p<0.05), and CR+VGPR of patients with IgG was higher than that of patients with IgA, IgM and light chain type (p<0.05). Two of the 34 patients were lost to follow-up. The log-rank analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with CR+VGPR was higher than that of patients with PR (p<0.05). Patients with IgA, IgM, and light chain type had an increased number of prognostic death compared with those with IgG (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with IgG type myeloma are superior to those with IgA, IgM and light chain type in terms of the prognosis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which has a certain clinical reference value.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4425

How to cite this:Zhu S, Yang C, Li W, Lin M. Application of urine immunofixation electrophoresis in prognostic evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):315-319. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4425

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Still Birth classification: Application of Relevant Condition at Death (ReCoDe) classification system in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Urooj , Bhamani Shelina , Patel Asma , Islam Zaheena Shamsul
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To determine the cause of stillbirth after application of relevant condition at death (ReCoDe) classification system.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study of 207 women diagnosed with stillbirth after 24 completed weeks of pregnancy at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019. The primary objective was to find the cause of stillbirth according to the new classification of relevant condition at death (ReCoDe).

Results: There were a total of 32413 live births and 207 stillbirths during the study period thus stillbirth rate of 6 per 1000 live births. In this study, 80% of women were in the age group of 20-35 years, 16% had advanced maternal age while 3.8% of women accounted for less than 20 years. Among the maternal factors; 54.5% cases were booked and the remaining were were un-booked cases. Pre-eclampsia was the most common associated maternal condition (14.9%). Fetal cause accounted for 34.7% of stillbirths and the fetal growth restriction (FGR) was the most common; 23.6%. After application of ReCoDe classification, in 81% of stillbirth cases associated condition were found and only 18.8% of cases were categorized unexplained.

Conclusion: Application of ReCoDe classification is easy to understand and applicable, especially in low resource settings with associated causes identified in vast majority of cases.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4470

How to cite this:Kashif U, Bhamani S, Patel A, Shamsul Islam Z. Still Birth classification: Application of Relevant Condition at Death (ReCoDe) classification system in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):133-137.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4470

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ιουλιανά 1965
Authors: Λαμπράκης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2021

Τα Ιουλιανά του 1965 αποτέλεσαν τη μεγαλύτερη κοινωνική έκρηξη της μετεμφυλιακής περιόδου και ένα από τα σημαντικότερα συγκρουσιακά επεισόδια της νεότερης Ελληνικής κοινωνίας. Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει διπλό στόχο: Αφενός, να καταγράψει και να αναλύσει την έκταση της κοινωνικής διαμαρτυρίας των Ιουλιανών, την πολιτική της κοινωνιολογία και την μορφή των συλλογικών δράσεων, όπως επίσης να ερμηνεύσει τους πολιτικούς παράγοντες που προσδιόρισαν τις ερμηνευτικές πλαισιώσεις της διαμαρτυρίας (αλλά και της αντι-κινητοποίησης) και τη δυναμική της. Αφετέρου, να μελετήσει και να ερμηνεύσει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους τα Ιουλιανά, ως κορύφωση του διεκδικητικού κινήματος εκδημοκρατισμού της μετεμφυλιακής Ελλάδας, συνέβαλλαν στον μετασχηματισμό των πολιτικών εκπροσωπήσεων και στην ανάδυση νέων πολιτικών ρευμάτων. Η διατριβή αποτελεί ένα εγχείρημα διεπιστημονικής ιστορικής έρευνας. Αξιοποιεί έννοιες, θεωρίες και ερευνητικές τεχνικές της πολιτικής κοινωνιολογίας, με έμφαση τα κοινωνικά κινήματα και τη συγκρουσιακή πολιτική, ώστε να ερμηνεύσει και να αξιολογήσει το συγκρουσιακό γεγονός των Ιουλιανών και την πολιτική του επίδραση. Αξιοποιεί νέο ερευνητικό υλικό από ευρύ φάσμα πηγών, όπως αποδελτίωση Τύπου και εντύπων της περιόδου, αρχειακό υλικό κομμάτων, πολιτικών και συνδικαλιστικών οργανώσεων, προσωπικές συλλογές αλλά και συνεντεύξεις με πρωταγωνιστές της περιόδου.Η διατριβή καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα πως τα Ιουλιανά του 1965 αποτέλεσαν την κορυφαία στιγμή ενός επιβλητικού κοινωνικού κινήματος υπέρ του εκδημοκρατισμού. Στο κίνημα αυτό συγχωνεύτηκαν τα πιο εστιασμένα αιτήματα κινηματικών δρώντων με το ευρύτερο πολιτικό αίτημα του εκδημοκρατισμού σε μια σχέση αλληλοτροφοδοτούμενη. Την πολιτική εκπροσώπηση αυτού του κινήματος ανέλαβαν οι παρατάξεις της Αριστεράς και του Κέντρου. Ωστόσο η σχέση δεν ήταν μονομερής αλλά διμερής: οι πολιτικές αναλύσεις και πλαισιώσεις της Αριστεράς και του Κέντρου προσδιόρισαν τα χαρακτηριστικά -αλλά και τα όρια- του κινήματος για τον εκδημοκρατισμό αλλά επίσης, οι συγκρουσιακές διαδράσεις του κινήματος με το Κράτος και τις φιλοκαθεστωτικές δυνάμεις αναδιαμόρφωσαν τους χώρους της Αριστεράς και του Κέντρου και συνέβαλλαν στην εμφάνιση νέων πολιτικών δρώντων. Συνεπώς, τα Ιουλιανά του 1965 αποτελούν σημαντικό σταθμό για την ερμηνεία της δομής του πολιτικού συστήματος και της συλλογικής δράσης της Μεταπολίτευσης.
The causal model of health literacy and health behavior for obesity prevention among primary school students in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Thongsong Ladaporn , Neranon Wanida
Published: December 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to develop a research instrument to study the levels of health literacy for obesity prevention (HLFOP), as well as health behavior for obesity prevention (HBFOP). In addition, we investigated the causal model between health literacy and health behavior for obesity prevention among primary school students in Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional study among 600 participants who were primary school students (aged 9-13 years) was conducted. The participants were selected from schools in all parts of Bangkok using multi-stage random sampling technique. The research instrument to assess HLFOP and HBFOP, constructed by the researchers, were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation model through linear structural relationship.

Results: We found that HBFOP was directly influenced by heath literacy in the category of Critical Literacy with an effect size of 0.65 (p < 0.01), and was indirectly influenced in the category of Basic Literacy and Interactive Literacy through Critical Literacy with effect sizes of 0.46 and 0.58 (p<0.01), respectively. The model was consistent with the empirical data, with Chi-Square=13.68, df=7, p=0.05721, RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation)= 0.040,  SRMR (standardized root mean square residual)= 0.017 NFI (normal fit index)=0.99, GFI (goodness of fit index)=0.99, and AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index)=0.97.

Conclusions: HLFOP was influential on HBFOP in primary school students in the Bangkok Metropolis. The categories that were particularly influential were: 1) Basic Literacy: accessing health information skills; 2) Interactive Literacy: communication skills; and 3) Critical Literacy: media literacy and self-management skills.
The knowledge, attitude, and practice towards coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among scuba divers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Khalifa Khalifa S. , Alshuyukh Muneer H. , Alfaraj Amal , Shetty Ashwin C. , Alsahafi Yaser A. , Al-Swuailem Abdullah S.
Published: December 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among scuba divers in Saudi Arabia towards equipment infection control measures, protective guidelines measures and potential post COVID-19 infection complications.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a pre-validated questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of 35 close-ended questions, which covered the scuba divers’ profile and experience, the KAP of COVID-19 precautionary measures during diving activities as well as the demographic data and background of the scuba divers. KAP scores were subjected to non-parametric tests of statistical significance (Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Most of the 461 participants’ answers were in agreeance on the proper KAP of infection control during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a statistically significant difference in attitude between all the demographic and professional variables (p<0.05) except for gender and region of residence (p>0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant practice difference among age groups, education levels, and employee status in the diving center (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Our findings showed that scuba divers presented a good level of KAP of infection control measures against the spread of the coronavirus disease. Local officials and diving organizations need to continue their efforts in combating and control the spread of this pandemic.
Non-combustion non-solar deployment characterization of a free-piston Stirling engine to integrate with an exothermic reactor
Authors: Eusha Muhammad , Schulz Wolfgang , Schumacher Günter , Mir Faraz Rasheed , Schories Gerhard
Published: December 2021

Background: A small 1 kW free-piston β type Stirling engine was tested for its feasibility of integration with an exothermic reactor under the EU funded research project SOCRATCES (GA 727348). The engine’s heat receptor was minimally modified to adapt it to the reactor’s integration needs, introducing, instead of a combustion chamber, a CFD-optimized hooded enclosure. The open-loop configuration also included a small plate heat exchanger acting as a recuperator. The study attempted to investigate the performance of the Stirling engine under these non-combustion non-solar deployment conditions, focusing on conversion efficiency and thermal loss.

Methods: A number of tests were run under different temperatures and flowrates to assess the engine’s response. Temperature, power, pressure and flowrate were measured at points of interest.

Results: It was found that the engine is able to operate at efficiencies comparable to that of gasoline engines at much lower working fluid temperatures. It was possible to demonstrate, with the aid of a downstream recuperator, that the system in an open-loop configuration can minimize thermal loss significantly, virtually eliminating it in some cases.

Conclusions: The Stirling engine appears to be a sound choice, in terms of conversion efficiency, at comparatively low temperatures, to be integrated with an exothermic reactor, at least at small-scale applications.
Household serial interval of COVID-19 and the effect of Variant B.1.1.7: analyses from prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)
Authors: Geismar Cyril , Fragaszy Ellen , Nguyen Vincent , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Shrotri Madhumita , Beale Sarah , Rodger Alison , Lampos Vasileios , Byrne Thomas , Kovar Jana , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Patel Parth , Aldridge Robert W , Hayward Andrew ,   on behalf of Virus Watch Collaborative
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Increased transmissibility of B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) in the UK may explain its rapid emergence and global spread. We analysed data from putative household infector - infectee pairs in the Virus Watch Community cohort study to assess the serial interval of COVID-19 and whether this was affected by emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant.

Methods: The Virus Watch study is an online, prospective, community cohort study following up entire households in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic. Putative household infector-infectee pairs were identified where more than one person in the household had a positive swab matched to an illness episode. Data on whether or not individual infections were caused by the B.1.1.7 variant were not available. We therefore developed a classification system based on the percentage of cases estimated to be due to B.1.1.7 in national surveillance data for different English regions and study weeks.

Results: Out of 24,887 illnesses reported, 915 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 186 likely ‘infector-infectee’ pairs in 186 households amongst 372 individuals were identified. The mean COVID-19 serial interval was 3.18 (95%CI: 2.55-3.81, sd=4.36) days. There was no significant difference (p=0.267) between the mean serial interval for VOC hotspots (mean = 3.64 days, (95%CI: 2.55 – 4.73)) days and non-VOC hotspots, (mean = 2.72 days, (95%CI: 1.48 – 3.96)).

Conclusions: Our estimates of the average serial interval of COVID-19 are broadly similar to estimates from previous studies and we find no evidence that B.1.1.7 is associated with a change in serial intervals.  Alternative explanations such as increased viral load, longer period of viral shedding or improved receptor binding may instead explain the increased transmissibility and rapid spread and should undergo further investigation.
Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-middle income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Imam Abdulazeez , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Aluvaala Jalemba , Maina Michuki , Gathara David , English Mike
Published: December 2021

Background:  Missed nursing care (care left undone or task incompletion) is viewed as an important early predictor of adverse patient care outcomes and is a useful indicator to determine the quality of patient care. Available systematic reviews on missed nursing care are based mainly on primary studies from developed countries, and there is limited evidence on missed nursing care from low-middle income countries (LMICs). We propose conducting a systematic review to identify the magnitude of missed nursing care and document factors and reasons associated with this phenomenon in LMIC settings.

Methods and analysis:  This protocol was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct literature searching across the Ovid Medline, Embase and EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, from inception to 2021. Two independent reviewers will conduct searches and data abstraction, and discordance will be handled by discussion between both parties. The risk of bias of the individual studies will be determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical permission is not required for this review as we will make use of already published data. We aim to publish the findings of our review in peer-reviewed journals

PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021286897 (27thOctober 2021)
The genome sequence of the lime hawk-moth, Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Mimas tiliae (the lime hawk-moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Sphingidae). The genome sequence is 478 megabases in span. The complete assembly is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
Gitanjali: The ’beautiful Poetic Piety’
Authors: Kundu Rama
Published: December 2021

Gitanjali: The ’beautiful Poetic Piety’
Throwing Mud in the Face or Gentle Journeys into Frames of Time? Some Notes on Post-Soviet Life-Writing in Estonia
Authors: Kurvet-Käosaar Leena
Published: December 2021

Throwing Mud in the Face or Gentle Journeys into Frames of Time? Some Notes on Post-Soviet Life-Writing in Estonia
Modern Tales of Knight Errantry: John Buchan and Chivalry
Authors: Rajamäe Pilvi
Published: December 2021

Modern Tales of Knight Errantry: John Buchan and Chivalry
Forewords and Reviews: Some Notes on the Translators’ Presence in Estonian Translational Space
Authors: Gielen Katiliina
Published: December 2021

Forewords and Reviews: Some Notes on the Translators’ Presence in Estonian Translational Space
Anti/pastoral Landscapes and Places in Lithuanian Literature: Looking for Paradise Lost
Authors: Maćaityté-Kaseliené Livija
Published: December 2021

Anti/pastoral Landscapes and Places in Lithuanian Literature: Looking for Paradise Lost
Survival in the Stone City: Tallinn in the Literature of the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Heinloo Ivo
Published: December 2021

Survival in the Stone City: Tallinn in the Literature of the 1970s and 1980s
On post-colonial semiotics
Authors: Tarasti Eero
Published: December 2021

On post-colonial semiotics
"Мастер и Маргарита" - театральный роман?
Authors: Witt Susanna
Published: December 2021

Master and Margarita - A Theatrical Novel?
The dimensionality of metaphor
Authors: Danesi Marcel
Published: December 2021

The dimensionality of metaphor
The life of signs in society — and out of it: Critique of the communication critique
Authors: Sonesson Göran
Published: December 2021

The life of signs in society — and out of it: Critique of the communication critique
Опыты aналитического чтения: «Русские ночи» В. Одоевского. "Усомнившийся Макар" А. Платонова.
Authors: Grigorjeva Jelena
Published: December 2021

Analytical reading: "Russkie nochi" by V. Odoevsky. "Usomnischijsja Makar" by A. Platonov
History Construction and Psychological and Pedagogical Technologies for the Formation of the Subject
Authors: Chernavskiy M.
Published: December 2021

The article examines history from the standpoint of radical constructivism as a conceptual construction of past events. History is a system of suggested social abstractions in relation to past events. Abstractions are embedded in the subject in the form of value attitudes through the transformation of connotations (symbolic) into concepts (imaginary). As a result of the use of psychological and pedagogical technologies, a socially mature and patriotically motivated personality appears.
Role of the Teacher in Development Creative Abilities for Children
Authors: Rabadanova R. , Suleymanova F. , Fatyhova Alevtina
Published: December 2021

The creative development of children is only effective when two components are combined in the educational process: the creative detail of children and the creativity of the teacher. Creative activity is a system of certain skills, ways of thinking and activity of children and pedagogic-ha. Each has its own specificity, which is defined by the role of the participant, and the nature of the activities. The democratic nature of education contributes to the development of creative activity of children. It takes a special research and development of practical work forms, methods and techniques of teaching that encourage the development of the child's creative intelligence. The main stimulator of Children is a creative activity of the teacher. Passion in creative activity, expressed how much feeling has a significant impact on the thinking and behavior of all participants in the pedagogical process. The main obstacle to the development of creative learning is its high standardization, which hinders creativity of the teacher.
Mutual Enrichment of Orthodox and Secular Historical and Cultural Traditions and Values
Authors: Naumova L.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the main directions for the mutual enrichment of Orthodox and secular traditions. The author focuses on the outstanding historical Crimean monuments, emphasizes the need to study the material at school. The main role is assigned to the formation of the spiritual culture of the student on the basis of introducing children to the historical and cultural heritage of the Crimea.
The relationship between eating patterns, body image and emotional dysregulation: similarities between an excessive and normal body weight sample
Authors: Brytek-Matera Anna , Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Modrzejewska Adriana
Published: December 2021

Cel pracy

Założono, że poziom wysokiego niezadowolenia z ciała można przewidzieć na podstawie poziomu stylu jedzenia, świadomego jedzenia i rozregulowania emocjonalnego u osób z nadmierną i prawidłową masą ciała. Ponadto założono, że przy braku bezpośredniego związku między niezadowoleniem z ciała a innymi wyżej wymienionymi zmiennymi, świadome jedzenie będzie ważnym moderatorem tych relacji wśród pacjentów z nadmierną masą ciała, a także u osób z prawidłową masą ciała.

Metoda

Dwieście dziewięćdziesiąt osiem uczestników wypełniło ankietę online. W badaniu wykorzystano cztery kwestionariusze: Body Attitude Test, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale oraz Mindful Eating Scale.

Wyniki

W obu grupach (nadmierna masa ciała versus prawidłowa masa ciała) przewidywano wysoki poziom niezadowolenia z ciała w oparciu o wysoki poziom niekontrolowanego jedzenia i niski poziom świadomego jedzenia. Jednak wśród pacjentów z nadwagą i otyłością związek między zmiennymi był silniejszy i istniał dodatkowy znaczący predyktor w modelu regresji (jedzenie emocjonalne). Model ten wyjaśniał w większym stopniu wariancje niezadowolenia z ciała (nadmierna masa ciała: 59% w porównaniu do prawidłowej masy ciała: 49%). Ponadto, uważne jedzenie miało ogromne znaczenie u pacjentów z nadmierną masą ciała. Dowodem na to był znaczący efekt moderujący świadomego jedzenia w związku między niezadowoleniem z ciała a restrykcyjnym jedzeniem, a także rozregulowaniem emocjonalnym, ale tylko w przypadku osób z nadwagą i otyłością.

Wnioski

W celu zwiększenia skuteczności leczenia zaburzeń obrazu ciała, nieprawidłowych nawyków żywieniowych i rozregulowania emocjonalnego u pacjentów z nadwagą i otyłością w procesie terapeutycznym należy zwrócić większą uwagę na umiejętność świadomego jedzenia.
The position statement of the Working Group of the Polish Psychiatric Association on the use of D2/D3 dopamine receptor partial agonists in the treatment of mental disorders
Authors: Wichniak Adam , Samochowiec Jerzy , Szulc Agata , Dudek Dominika , Heitzman Janusz , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Rymaszewska Joanna , Siwek Marcin , Bieńkowski Przemysław
Published: December 2021

Arypiprazol, kariprazyna i brekspiprazol są lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi (LPP), których główny mechanizm działania związany jest z częściowym agonizmem wobec receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3. Są one coraz szerzej wykorzystywane kliniczne, również poza zarejestrowanymi wskazaniami. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat stosowania częściowych agonistów receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3 w leczeniu zaburzeń psychicznych. Stanowisko zostało przygotowane przez zespół ekspertów powołanych przez Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego, składający się z osób z wieloletnim doświadczeniem w leczeniu osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. W ocenie uwzględniono analizę baz danych piśmiennictwa (Medline, Embase i Cochrane), oraz informacje zawarte metaanalizach tych danych i w charakterystykach produktów leczniczych. Ważną cechą częściowych agonistów receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3 jest ich zróżnicowane działanie na aktywność szlaków dopaminowych: a) blokowanie szlaków mezolimbicznych nadaktywnych w ostrej fazie schizofrenii czy w manii, b) pobudzanie szlaków mezokortykalnych z poprawą (a przynajmniej brakiem pogorszenia) funkcji poznawczych i objawów negatywnych c) brak hamowania szlaku guzowo-lejkowego skutkujący niskim ryzykiem wzrostu sekrecji prolaktyny d) brak hamowania szlaku nigrostriatalnego skutkujący niskim ryzykiem wystąpienia objawów pozapiramidowych. Selektywny profil działania oraz aktywność wewnętrzna wobec receptorów dopaminowych D2 (arypiprazol > brekspiprazol) i D3 (kariprazyna) powiązane z brakiem wyraźnych działań przeciwhistaminowych i cholinolitycznych powodują istotne klinicznie różnice jakościowe arypiprazolu, brekspiprazolu i kariprazyny w porównaniu do innych LPP II generacji przede wszystkim w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i tolerancji leczenia. Jest to powodem coraz szerszego stosowania tych leków w leczeniu schizofrenii i zaburzeń nastroju, a w przypadku arypiprazolu także zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjnego, zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu i zaburzenia tikowego.
„Kobieta powinna decydować w swoim sumieniu” – o katolickimi zaangażowaniu w protesty przeciwko zakazowi aborcji w Polsce
Authors: Kościańska Agnieszka , Kosiorowska Agnieszka , Pomian Natalia
Published: December 2021

W październiku 2020 roku wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, znacząco ograniczający możliwość wykonywania legalnej aborcji w Polsce, wywołał masowe protesty w całym kraju. Do demonstracji przyłączyło się wielu pobożnych katolików, mimo że były one skierowane nie tylko przeciwko rządowi, ale i Kościołowi katolickiemu, popierającemu zmiany w prawie. Odpowiadają one bowiem jego oficjalnemu stanowisku wobec planowania rodziny.
Bazując na badaniach archiwalnych i etnograficznych, w poniższej pracy przyglądamy się szeregowi kwestii związanych z katolicyzmem i aborcją: jak to możliwe, że tak wiele katoliczek zdecydowało się wciąż udział w protestach otwarcie sprzeciwiających się katolickiej nauce na temat kontroli urodzeń? Jakie były ich motywacje?
Jak uchwycić to, co bieżące?
Authors: Zaporowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem tekstu jest zamiar Tobiasa Reesa praktykowania antropologii tego, co faktyczne, której celem jest uchwycenie tego, co jeszcze nie jest znane i pomyślane w odniesieniu do człowieka i tego, co ludzkie. Chodzi o ruch (myśli) jako taki. Rees zamierza zdystansować się od zarówno przestrzennie ujętej antropologii klasycznej, jak i czegoś, co nazywa antropologią tego, co emergentne. Ta ostatnia również postuluje to, co faktyczne, a skoro kluczowe znaczenie ma ciągły charakter doświadczenia, wiążę to, co faktyczne Reesa z tym, co bieżące. Uznaję, że w ramach jego pomysłu ruch (czas) wyrażony jest przez wykonanie serii (trzech) szczególnych kroków (mających swój charakter klasyczny).
Tłumaczenie symultaniczne mowy noblowskiej w dydaktyce przekładu konferencyjnego
Authors: Biernacka Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Simultaneous Interpreting of a Nobel Lecture in Conference Interpreter Training

Simultaneous interpreting with text is a hybrid mode combining simultaneous with sight translation. As it constitutes an important element of the interpreter’s work, it must then be a component of conference interpreter training. Due to a scarce research in the field so far, the aim of this paper is to discuss an empirical longitudinal study of simultaneous interpreting of a Nobel lecture from Spanish into Polish. The results of the analysis show that during the preparation phase, it is not a selective analysis of such lexical items as proper names, numbers or unknown words, but rather a syntactic analysis, which enables to render compound statements in a specific register, as well as an in-depth cultural analysis, which contributes to acquiring knowledge across different fields necessary in conference interpreting.
Tłumacz ustny w postępowaniu karnym
Authors: Liber-Kwiecińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Interpreter in Criminal Proceeding

This article presents the role of an interpreter in criminal proceedings, Polish and international regulations governing the obligation to appoint an interpreter for criminal procedural activities, the problems of interpreters’ cooperation with justice authorities, and the results of a survey on the experiences of sworn interpreters who provide interpreting services to the Police, the prosecutor’s office, and the courts in criminal proceedings in the following aspects: ensuring safety in the course of the activities, expectations of foreigners and authorities’ representatives towards the interpreter, preparing the interpreter’s work station and ensuring appropriate working conditions, as well as agreeing upon an appropriate remuneration for interpreters. A total of fifty-five sworn interpreters who regularly provide interpreting services to justice authorities took part in the survey. Their task was to complete a questionnaire consisting of fourteen questions, half of which were closed single-choice questions and the rest were open-ended questions.
Information Asymmetry Among Investors and Strategic Bidding in Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Lu Kai , Wei Zaiyan , Chan Tat Y.
Published: December 2021

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending became a global phenomenon in recent years. Despite their prominence in the “FinTech” era, P2P platforms remain a risky investment because of the high default rate of unsecured personal loans funded on such platforms. In contrast, the rate of return can be much higher than that of other investments if P2P loans are repaid. Therefore, investors of P2P loans need information about borrowers’ ability to repay. An important channel is to learn from other investors who may have information advantages. We argue that, because collective effort from investors is required in P2P lending, it could be optimal for informed investors to bid early in projects with the purpose of signaling the quality. With a unique data set from Prosper.com, we find that informed investors are indeed more likely to bid in the early stage of a project with a low probability of being funded, whereas uninformed investors will follow. The “squatting” behavior (early bidding) of informed investors facilitates information spillover to uninformed investors, benefitting the investors and borrowers who otherwise may not raise sufficient funding. Our findings also have implications for P2P lending platforms on how to manage the information asymmetry and strategic behaviors of investors.
The Information Asymmetry Effects of Expanded Disclosures About Derivative and Hedging Activities
Authors: Steffen Thomas D.
Published: December 2021

I study the information asymmetry effects of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 161 (SFAS 161), which requires changes to the content and format of derivative and hedging footnote disclosures. Using a difference-in-differences design, I investigate whether these mandatory disclosure changes affected bid-ask spreads. To capture the extent to which firms were likely impacted by SFAS 161, I employ two complementary measures: (1) actual changes in firms’ derivative and hedging disclosures, and (2) pre-SFAS 161 levels of firms’ derivative and hedging activities. Both measures provide consistent evidence that bid-ask spreads decreased more for firms whose disclosures were more likely affected by SFAS 161. I also find that increased qualitative information and more disaggregated quantitative data (i.e., disclosure content) matter more than disclosure grouping and tabular display (i.e., disclosure format) for the observed decrease in bid-ask spreads. Overall, my findings suggest that the disclosure changes required by SFAS 161 reduced information asymmetry among investors regarding the firm value effects of derivative and hedging activities. These results may prove useful to regulators and standard setters as they consider disclosure requirements in other contexts.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Urinary Iodine Concentration as an Indicator of Iodine Status and its Correlation with the Thyroid Hormones and Hemoglobin Levels in First Trimester Pregnant Women - An Exploratory Study
Authors: Farha S Syeda , Urooj Asna
Published: December 2021

During pregnancy, the daily requirement of iodine increases making those most at-risk population for iodine deficiency disorders. The available confined data shows that pregnant women are iodine deficient even in iodine sufficient regions with this background the objectives of the current study were to assess the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and evaluate the relationship between the levels of hemoglobin, UIC, and thyroid status in first-trimester pregnant women. A cross-sectional hospital-based study with a total sample size of n=110 pregnant women at the13th week of gestation in the Mysuru district was selected. The UIC, anthropometric measurements, iodine intake, and selected biochemical parameters (TSH, FT3, FT4, and Hb) were assessed. The data was analysed using SPSS (v 16.0). Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyse correlations. The Mann- Whitney U test was used to compare differences between groups. ANOVA was used to study the comparison of pregnancy complications with UIC and hemoglobin. The median UIC (mUIC) was 194.2 µg/L and Hb was 10.5 g/dL. Even though the mUIC was normal, around 38.2% had insufficient UIC. Significant inverse relationship between UIC and TSH (r = -0.487, p<0.001), Hb and TSH (r = -0.355, p < 0.001), and between TSH and iodine intake (r=-0.476, p<0.001) were observed. It was interesting to observe that those with insufficient UIC were found to have mild anaemia and low FT4 levels and those with excess UIC had lower TSH levels. The pregnant women in the present study were found to have the normal median urinary iodine concentration and were mildly anaemic. Increased attention among pregnant women should be focused on iodine status along with iron status and thyroid functions. Larger comparative studies need to be performed to study the impact of altered iodine status on neonatal outcomes.
Durian Locule (Endocarp) Water Immersion Drinking Effect to Reduce Heaty Sensation after Flesh Consumption: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zubairi Saiful Irwan , Arifin Noraiman , Hashim Haslaniza , Zakaria Ikhwan
Published: December 2021

Durian is said to have a “heaty” effect on the people who have eaten it that can raise their body temperature and blood pressure. The locule water immersion is the water that is drunk using the durian’s inner skin (endocarp) that contains the durian flesh and it is said (mainly via local hearsay) that it can lower the body temperature right after consuming the flesh. The aim of this research is to investigate a myth about the effect of D24 durian locule water immersion that can possibly reduce body temperature after eating durian via oral temperature assessment. In order to explore the reliability of this myth, an experimental research was carried out with five different respondents to undergo with 3 different set of condition which are: a) consumed the same amount of durian, but they did not have to drink the immersed-locule water; b) consumed the durian and they had to drink the immersed-locule water and c) consumed the durian and they had to drink a cup of water. The changes in their body temperature (oral reading) were recorded and analysed for significant changes (n = 3). Overall, the immersed-locule water exhibited a mild affect in the changes of body temperature (p<0.05) on a short period of time (<30 mins after consumption). For that reason, the availability of pectin in the locule water-immersion might have help facilitates the natural homeostasis mechanism faster as to suppress of any sudden body heating after eating durian.
The Association of Higher Composite Biomarker Score of Antioxidant Vitamins with Lower Cardiovascular Diseases Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Rammahi Thaer M. M. , Al-Rubaye Haidar , Waham Ashor Ammar
Published: December 2021

Biomarkers for the dietary system, which includes a mixed fruit and vegetable (FV), are needed to understand the association of FV intake with a reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk. This is a cross-sectional study that aims to find the potential relationship between a high composite score comprised of antioxidant vitamins and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 94 (42 males and 52 females) participants (mean age ± SD: 51.7 ± 9.4 years) completed a specific questionnaire including a quick food scan, which has designed by the American National Institutes of Health. The vitamins A, C, and E were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An enzymatic colorimetric method was used to determine other biomarkers [fasting blood sugar (FBS), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile]. A Composite Biomarker Score (CBS) comprising of the plasma vitamins (A, C, and E) have been derived. The results showed that male participants demonstrated significantly higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than female participants. Female participants with greater ASCVD risk were associated with significantly higher age, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the CBS with lower ASCVD risk. Consequently, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of serum antioxidant vitamins are related to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk.
Trends in Standardization Towards 6G
Authors: Nidhi  , Khan Bahram , Mihovska Albena , Prasad Ramjee , Velez Fernando J.
Published: December 2021

Mobile networks have always been an indispensable part of a fully connected digital society. The industry and academia have joined hands to develop technologies for the anticipated future wireless communication. The predicted Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and use cases for the 6G networks have raised the bar high. 6G networks are developing to provide the required infrastructure for many new devices and services. The 6G networks are conceptualized to partially inherit 5G technologies and standards but they will open the ground for innovations. This study provides the vision and requirements for beyond 5G (B5G) networks and emphasizes our vision on the required standards to reach a fully functional and interoperable 6G era in general. We highlight various KPIs and enabling technologies for the B5G networks. In addition, standardization activities and initiatives concerning challenges in the use of spectrum are discussed in detail.
Static coded illumination strategies for low-dose x-ray material decomposition
Authors: Cuadros Angela P. , Restrepo Carlos M. , Noël Peter , Arce Gonzalo R.
Published: December 2021

Static coded aperture x-ray tomography was introduced recently where a static illumination pattern is used to interrogate an object with a low radiation dose, from which an accurate 3D reconstruction of the object can be attained computationally. Rather than continuously switching the pattern of illumination with each view angle, as traditionally done, static code computed tomography (CT) places a single pattern for all views. The advantages are many, including the feasibility of practical implementation. This paper generalizes this powerful framework to develop single-scan dual-energy coded aperture spectral tomography that enables material characterization at a significantly reduced exposure level. Two sensing strategies are explored: rapid kV switching with a single-static block/unblock coded aperture, and coded apertures with non-uniform thickness. Both systems rely on coded illumination with a plurality of x-ray spectra created by kV switching or 3D coded apertures. The structured x-ray illumination is projected through the objects of interest and measured with standard x-ray energy integrating detectors. Then, based on the tensor representation of projection data, we develop an algorithm to estimate a full set of synthesized measurements that can be used with standard reconstruction algorithms to accurately recover the object in each energy channel. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cost-effective solution to attain material characterization in low-dose dual-energy CT.
Spectral focusing in picosecond pulsed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Koike Kota , Smith Nicholas I. , Fujita Katsumasa
Published: December 2021

We introduce spectral focusing of picosecond laser pulses in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to improve spectral resolution, reduce nonlinear background signals, and decrease nonlinear photodamage. We produce a pair of 14 ps pump and Stokes laser pulses by spectral focusing of a 2 ps laser and achieve a spectral resolution of 2 cm−1. Due to instantaneous narrow-band excitation, we find that the chirped 14 ps laser pulses can be used to improve the signal-to-background ratio in SRS microscopy of various samples such as polymer particles and small molecules in HeLa cells. The lower peak powers produced by chirped picosecond laser pulses also reduce nonlinear photodamage, allowing long-term SRS imaging of living cells with higher SNR.
Highly accurate THz-CT including refraction effects
Authors: Fosodeder Peter , van Frank Sandrine , Rankl Christian
Published: December 2021

The principles of algebraic image reconstruction are applied to THz computed tomography (THz-CT) in order to account for refraction within the sample. Using the nominal sample geometry as a priori knowledge, a highly accurate and robust image reconstruction algorithm based on the physics of geometric optics is presented. The validity of the geometric forward model is verified by a numerical simulation of Maxwell’s equations. Furthermore, the developed method is experimentally tested using measurements performed with a fast THz-CT system based on a THz time-domain spectrometer in transmission mode. Automated evaluations of the reconstructed sample cross sections showed an accuracy of <150 μm.
Engineering multimode resonances for tunable multifrequency superscattering
Authors: Jie Liu Ya , Yuan Dong Hui , Dong Zheng-gao , Wang Jin
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate a rigorous multimode engineering method to achieve multifrequency superscattering with flexible controllability in a subwavelength graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) cylindrical system. Through delicately tuning the chemical potential of graphene, different resonance channels of the proposed stucture can be spectrally overlapped to construct the multiple superscattering points. Consequently, the scattering cross section is enhanced effectively and the so-called superscattering beyond the single-channel scattering limit can be attained. Numerical calculations on scattering spectra, near-field, and far-field distributions are performed to confirm the scattering enhancement. The general principles presented here may suggest an accurate and efficient approach to actively tune the light-matter interaction at the subwavelength scale.
Snapshot ptychography on array cameras
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Hu Minghao , Takashima Yuzuru , Schulz Timothy J. , Brady David J.
Published: December 2021

We use convolutional neural networks to recover images optically down-sampled by 6.7 × using coherent aperture synthesis over a 16 camera array. Where conventional ptychography relies on scanning and oversampling, here we apply decompressive neural estimation to recover full resolution image from a single snapshot, although as shown in simulation multiple snapshots can be used to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In place training on experimental measurements eliminates the need to directly calibrate the measurement system. We also present simulations of diverse array camera sampling strategies to explore how snapshot compressive systems might be optimized.
Dual-polarization thin-film lithium niobate in-phase quadrature modulators for terabit-per-second transmission
Authors: Xu Mengyue , Zhu Yuntao , Pittalà Fabio , Tang Jin , He Mingbo , Ng Wing Chau , Wang Jingyi , Ruan Ziliang , Tang Xuefeng , Kuschnerov Maxim , Liu Liu , Yu Siyuan , Zheng Bofang , Cai Xinlun
Published: December 2021

We report, to our knowledge, the first dual-polarization thin-film lithium niobate coherent modulator for next-generation optical links with sub-1-V driving voltage and 110-GHz bandwidth, enabling a record single-wavelength 1.96-Tb/s net data rate with ultrahigh energy efficiency.
Estimation of lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021; a multicentre historical follow-up study
Authors: Chanie Ermias Sisay , Gelaye Getnet Asmare , Tadesse Tesfaye Yimer , feleke Dejen Getaneh , Admas Wubet Taklual , Molla Alemu Eshetie , Azanaw Melkalem Mamoye , Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw , Gebremariam Alemayehu Digssie , Birhane Binyam Minuye , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Aragie Getachew
Published: December 2021

Introduction

In resource-limited settings, the mortality rate among tuberculosis and human Immunodeficiency virus co-infected children is higher. However, there is no adequate evidence in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study aims to estimate lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals, 2021.

Methods

Institution-based historical follow-up study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals among 227 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected children from March 1, 2014, to January 12, 2021. The data were entered into Epi info-7 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to estimate the curve difference of the predictor variables. Bivariable cox-proportional hazard models were employed for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted into a multivariable cox-proportional hazards model. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare significance associated with the dependent variable.

Results

From a total of 227 TB and HIV co-infected children, 39 died during the follow-up period. The overall mortality rate was 3.7 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.9–4.7) per 100 person-years with a total of 1063.2-year observations. Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) non-users [Adjusted Hazarded Ratio (AHR) = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.64–8.86)], presence of treatment failure [AHR = 3.0 (95% CI: 1.14–78.17)], and Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4) count below threshold [AHR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.21–6.45)] were significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion

In this study, the mortality rate among TB and HIV co-infected children was found to be very high. The risk of mortality among TB and HIV co-infected children was associated with treatment failure, CD4 count below the threshold, and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to assess and improve the quality of ART service in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals.