bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II synergizes with antimicrobial fatty acids to eradicate bacterial populations
Authors: Sidders Ashelyn E , Kedziora Katarzyna M , Arts Melina , Daniel Jan-Martin , de Benedetti Stefania , Beam Jenna E , Bui Duyen T , Parsons Joshua B , Schneider Tanja , Rowe Sarah E , Conlon Brian P
Published: March 2023

Antibiotic tolerance and antibiotic resistance are the two major obstacles to the efficient and reliable treatment of bacterial infections. Identifying antibiotic adjuvants that sensitize resistant and tolerant bacteria to antibiotic killing may lead to the development of superior treatments with improved outcomes. Vancomycin, a lipid II inhibitor, is a frontline antibiotic for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, vancomycin use has led to the increasing prevalence of bacterial strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Here, we show that unsaturated fatty acids act as potent vancomycin adjuvants to rapidly kill a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-tolerant and resistant populations. The synergistic bactericidal activity relies on the accumulation of membrane-bound cell wall intermediates that generate large fluid patches in the membrane leading to protein delocalization, aberrant septal formation, and loss of membrane integrity. Our findings provide a natural therapeutic option that enhances vancomycin activity against difficult-to-treat pathogens, and the underlying mechanism may be further exploited to develop antimicrobials that target recalcitrant infection.
Distinct roles of forward and backward alpha-band waves in spatial visual attention
Authors: Alamia Andrea , Terral Lucie , D'ambra Malo Renaud , VanRullen Rufin
Published: March 2023

Previous research has associated alpha-band [8–12 Hz] oscillations with inhibitory functions: for instance, several studies showed that visual attention increases alpha-band power in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the attended location. However, other studies demonstrated that alpha oscillations positively correlate with visual perception, hinting at different processes underlying their dynamics. Here, using an approach based on traveling waves, we demonstrate that there are two functionally distinct alpha-band oscillations propagating in different directions. We analyzed EEG recordings from three datasets of human participants performing a covert visual attention task (one new dataset with N = 16, two previously published datasets with N = 16 and N = 31). Participants were instructed to detect a brief target by covertly attending to the screen’s left or right side. Our analysis reveals two distinct processes: allocating attention to one hemifield increases top-down alpha-band waves propagating from frontal to occipital regions ipsilateral to the attended location, both with and without visual stimulation. These top-down oscillatory waves correlate positively with alpha-band power in frontal and occipital regions. Yet, different alpha-band waves propagate from occipital to frontal regions and contralateral to the attended location. Crucially, these forward waves were present only during visual stimulation, suggesting a separate mechanism related to visual processing. Together, these results reveal two distinct processes reflected by different propagation directions, demonstrating the importance of considering oscillations as traveling waves when characterizing their functional role.
Comunicación, educación y salud: estudio cualitativo de la experiencia usuaria de adultos mayores en atención ambulatoria en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Comunicaciones, Moreno Barría Fabiola
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación se basa en el análisis de la experiencia usuaria que tienen los adultos mayores que se atienden en el área ambulatoria del Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero delRío, establecimiento de salud público de alta complejidad de la comuna de Puente Alto. El objetivo es analizar esta experiencia para conocer cuál es el rol de los actores y qué elementos comunicacionales intervienen, con el fin de proponer acciones educomunicativas que permitan dar respuesta a las necesidades de atención que tiene la población de tercera edad y así contribuir a mejorar dicha experiencia usuaria. El proyecto se inserta en el área de Comunicación y Salud y específicamente en el marco del proyecto Fondef, Ca13i10210 “Diseño de Sistema de Comunicación de Salud para Adultos Mayores y sus redes de apoyo” (2014-2015) desarrollado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. La metodología se centra en entrevistas a informantes claves que otorgan datos relevantes sobre cómo es la atención a los adultos mayores; la observación participante en dos unidades del área ambulatoria (Farmacia y Toma de Muestra); cuestionario a una muestra de adultos mayores y entrevistas a un grupo de ellos. Las variables de análisis de los instrumentos se determinan a través del análisis de la experiencia usuaria y de las entrevistas a los informantes claves. Los principales resultados de esta investigación hacen referencia a la necesidad de contar con funcionarios capacitados y especialistas en la atención al adulto mayor, ya que uno delos temas relevantes que aluden los usuarios con respecto a su atención es el trato, es decir,que creen que no siempre reciben un trato acorde a sus necesidades. No existe un trato preferencial por tratarse de un paciente adulto, sino que la atención dependerá de la voluntad, estado de ánimo y empatía de quienes los atiendan. Por lo anterior, se propone la creación e implementación de un protocolo de atención en el área ambulatoria del CASR que incluya este tipo de elementos, ya que actualmente el establecimiento no cuenta con uno de ellos en el área ambulatoria, sino más bien para pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados.
Synchronous Primary Carcinoma of Cervix and Ovary-A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bhanji Abhijit Gajendra , Shah Pallavi Rishikesh , Kulkarni Renuka Rajiv , Desai Shailesh Sambhaji
Published: March 2023

Synchronous malignancies of female genital tract account for less than 3% of all genital tract neoplasms. Amongst synchronous tumours, ovarian with endometrial carcinoma accounts for 51.7% while ovarian with cervix accounts for less than 10% of them. Unusually, they have a favourable prognosis with 5 years survival rate being 73.3%. Authors hereby, present a case of 51-years-old female presented with bleeding per vagina and on examination cervical mass was detected. The cervical mass biopsy confirmed cribriform adenocarcinoma of cervix. Uterus and cervix could not be removed as it was FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage III B (inoperable) thus was managed on chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A month later she presented with bilateral ovarian masses for which she had undergone bilateral oophorectomy and omentectomy. Histopathology confirmed moderately differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of bilateral ovaries. Thus a case of synchronous carcinoma of cervix and ovary was concluded. She tolerated all managements successfully.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shahabdeen Aadhil , Romeo Karam , Modi Tanmay , Kumar Sanveet , Hajong Satyajit , Phusam Mustaqueem
Published: March 2023

Introduction:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is postulated to predispose Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) through alteration of lipid profile, reduction of adiponectin, insulin resistance, etc. In the setting of increased incidence of NAFLD, the possible therapeutic and preventive implications of an association of H. pylori infection with NAFLD holds interest. Aim: To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among NAFLD patients and its association with severity of NAFLD. Materials and Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out during July 2019 to December 2021 among 197 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by H. pylori specific anti-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-IgG antibody tests. Descriptive statistics like proportions, mean and standard deviation were used. Chisquare test was used to check for associations of disease severity with H. pylori infection. Results: The study population included 90 females and 107 males. A total of 121 (61.4%) subjects had grade 1 fatty liver, while 46 (23.4%) had grade 2 fatty liver and 30 (15.2%) had grade 3 fatty liver. A total of 125 (63.45%) were H. pylori IgG positive. H. pylori infection positively associated with disease grade, Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) and decompensation (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with NAFLD was 63.45% and H. pylori seropositivity was significantly associated with disease severity.
Effect of Chitosan Biopolymer on Microbial Decay in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Variety ‘Dev’ under Ambient Temperature
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Mondal Kinjal , Saharan Vinod , Meena K. K. , Gupta N. K. , Garhwal O. P. , Bairwa L. N. , Pilania Shalini , Mital . , Meena Deepak
Published: March 2023

The current study sought to investigate the influence of chitosan biopolymer against microbial decay in tomato. In the present study, bulk-chitosan at different concentrations (0.01, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20% w/v) along with control were evaluated on tomato variety ՙDev՚  by dipping fruits for 6 min and stored at ambient temperature (27ºC±2). Bulk-chitosan at 0.16% was found most effective to prevent microbial decay and maintain sensory evaluation from day 1 to days 21 as compared to control. Based on the aforementioned results and comparative evaluation of different doses of bulk-chitosan, we concluded that chitosan is very effective at less concentration and thus exert minimum chemical load on the treated tomatoes. Therefore, it may claim that chitosan biopolymer have potential to protects tomato against microbial decay.
A New Hope in Alzheimer's Treatment; Lecanemab
Authors: Alkhamis Zainab Zaki Abdulkarim , Alfalasi Sofia Ahmed Alkhatibi
Published: March 2023

Lecanemab's apparent effectiveness follows years of disillusionment with earlier, comparable medications that were meant to delay or stop the course of Alzheimer's disease. It contains monoclonal antibodies that were created in laboratories with the goal of purging the brain of a material called as beta-amyloid, exactly like a lot of those other medicines. People with Alzheimer's disease tend to have an accumulation of beta-amyloid in their brains, which leads to the development of the sticky plaques that have come to be associated with the condition. As a result of this, the objective of his research paper is to investigate background information about the drug lecanemab. In addition to this, the study offers information regarding the approval procedure for lecanemab, the drug's mode of action, and, lastly, the most recent discoveries.
Quantification and Diversity of Cultivated Bacteria in Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Bamboo Species Fargesia nitida in Association with the Tree Succession
Authors: Zhang Nan Nan , Xiang Jun , Luo Lin , Arellano Danae Rojas , Wang Yan Jie , Zhao Chun Zhang , Shi Fu Sun , Wang En Tao
Published: March 2023

Fargesia nitida is a cold-resistant evergreen bamboo and is a pioneer plant in the secondary succession after the native trees were destroyed in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about the effects of this plant on soil conditions and about its microbiomes. Aiming at learning the interactions among the soil characteristics, the plants and the microbes in relation to the plant succession, a study on cultivated microbes associated with the rhizocompartments of F. nitida was performed in the present study to reveal the preference of this plant to the root associated microbes, in comparison with that associated with the successive spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) trees. The results demonstrated that growth of F. nitida could improve the soil nutrient contents, especially increasing total nitrogen, NH4+-N, total carbon, and microbial biomass carbon, and maintained more soil bacteria than the successive spruce trees. Based upon the study of F. nitida root-associated cultivated microbial community, the nutrient improvement in F. nitida growing soils might be from the root endophytic bacteria, which presented greater abundance (3.8, 1.7, and 12.6 folds) than that of bacteria in its rhizosphere, root zone soil, and spruce root zone soil, respectively. Pseudomonas members, especially species related to P. baetica and P. vancouverensis, were strongly selected by F. nitida as root endophytes.
Identifying Nutritional Insecurity Among Families in an Urban Pediatric Practice
Authors: Lax Yonit , Cullen Danielle , Silver Michael , Avner Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of and concordance between self-reported food scarcity and nutritional insecurity in an urban pediatric practice.
Diagnostic Yield of Exome Sequencing in Cerebral Palsy and Implications for Genetic Testing Guidelines
Authors: Gonzalez-Mantilla Pedro J. , Hu Yirui , Myers Scott M. , Finucane Brenda M. , Ledbetter David H. , Martin Christa L. , Moreno-De-Luca Andres
Published: March 2023

Importance

Exome sequencing is a first-tier diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability/developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder; however, this recommendation does not include cerebral palsy.

Objective

To evaluate if the diagnostic yield of exome or genome sequencing in cerebral palsy is similar to that of other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Data Sources

The study team searched PubMed for studies published between 2013 and 2022 using cerebral palsy and genetic testing terms. Data were analyzed during March 2022.

Study Selection

Studies performing exome or genome sequencing in at least 10 participants with cerebral palsy were included. Studies with fewer than 10 individuals and studies reporting variants detected by other genetic tests were excluded. Consensus review was performed. The initial search identified 148 studies, of which 13 met inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were extracted by 2 investigators and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Incidence rates with corresponding 95% CIs and prediction intervals were calculated. Publication bias was evaluated by the Egger test. Variability between included studies was assessed via heterogeneity tests using the I2 statistic.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the pooled diagnostic yield (rate of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants) across studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on population age and on the use of exclusion criteria for patient selection.

Results

Thirteen studies were included consisting of 2612 individuals with cerebral palsy. The overall diagnostic yield was 31.1% (95% CI, 24.2%-38.6%; I2 = 91%). The yield was higher in pediatric populations (34.8%; 95% CI, 28.3%-41.5%) than adult populations (26.9%; 95% CI, 1.2%-68.8%) and higher among studies that used exclusion criteria for patient selection (42.1%; 95% CI, 36.0%-48.2%) than those that did not (20.7%; 95% CI, 12.3%-30.5%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the genetic diagnostic yield in cerebral palsy was similar to that of other neurodevelopmental disorders for which exome sequencing is recommended as standard of care. Data from this meta-analysis provide evidence to support the inclusion of cerebral palsy in the current recommendation of exome sequencing in the diagnostic evaluation of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Twisted Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Photodetectors
Authors: Jeong Sehee , Barbosa Natercia , Tiwari Akash , Holland Emma K. , Huang Ling‐Yi , Bhat Vinayak , Yang Yongfan , Zhang Yuze , Whittaker St. John , Kim Min‐Woo , Alaei Aida , Sundaram Pallavi , Spencer Rochelle , Brazard Johanna , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Risko Chad , Anthony John E. , Adachi Takuji B. M. , Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Kahr Bart , Lee Stephanie S.
Published: March 2023

Optoelectronic properties of anisotropic crystals vary with direction requiring that the orientation of molecular organic semiconductor crystals is controlled in optoelectronic device active layers to achieve optimal performance. Here, a generalizable strategy to introduce periodic variations in the out‐of‐plane orientations of 5,11‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (TIPS ADT) crystals is presented. TIPS ADT crystallized from the melt in the presence of 16 wt.% polyethylene (PE) forms banded spherulites of crystalline fibrils that twist in concert about the radial growth direction. These spherulites exhibit band‐dependent light absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman scattering depending on the local orientation of crystals. Mueller matrix imaging reveals strong circular extinction (CE), with TIPS ADT banded spherulites exhibiting domains of positive or negative CE signal depending on the crystal twisting sense. Furthermore, orientation‐dependent enhancement in charge injection and extraction in films of twisted TIPS ADT crystals compared to films of straight crystals is visualized in local conductive atomic force microscopy maps. This enhancement leads to 3.3‐ and 6.2‐times larger photocurrents and external quantum efficiencies, respectively, in photodetectors comprising twisted crystals than those comprising straight crystals.
A Bispecific Peptide‐Polymer Conjugate Bridging Target‐Effector Cells to Enhance Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Dongdong , Xu Xiaodan , Chen Yong , Shi Xueying , Pan Yixuan , Yao Shasha , Piao Ying , Zhou Zhuxian , Slater Nigel K. H. , Shen Youqing , Tang Jianbin
Published: March 2023

Peptide‐based immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit remarkable therapeutic benefits although their application is hindered by quick blood clearance and low affinity with receptors. The modification of the peptides into artificial antibodies is an ideal platform to solve these problems, and one of the optional pathways is the conjugation of peptides with a polymer. More importantly, the bridging effect, mediated by bispecific artificial antibodies, could promote the interaction of cancer cells and T cells, which will benefit cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a bispecific peptide‐polymer conjugate (octaPEG‐PD1‐PDL1) is prepared by simultaneously conjugating PD1‐binding and PDL1‐binding peptides onto 8‐arm‐PEG. octaPEG‐PD1‐PDL1 bridges T cells and cancer cells and thus enhances T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Meanwhile, the tumor‐targeting octaPEG‐PD1‐PDL1 increases the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumors and reduces their exhaustion. It effectively activates the tumor immune microenvironment and exerts a potent antitumor effect against CT26 tumor models with a tumor inhibition rate of 88.9%. This work provides a novel strategy to enhance tumor immunotherapy through conjugating bispecific peptides onto a hyperbranched polymer to effectively engage target‐effector cells.
Cartilage Lacuna‐Inspired Microcarriers Drive Hyaline Neocartilage Regeneration
Authors: Ding Sheng‐Long , Zhao Xi‐Yuan , Xiong Wei , Ji Lin‐Feng , Jia Min‐Xuan , Liu Yan‐Yan , Guo Hai‐Tao , Qu Feng , Cui Wenguo , Gu Qi , Zhang Ming‐Zhu
Published: March 2023

Cartilage equivalents from hydrogels containing chondrocytes exhibit excellent potential in hyaline cartilage regeneration, yet current approaches have limited success at reconstituting the architecture to culture nondifferentiated chondrocytes in vitro. In this study, specially designed lacunar hyaluronic acid microcarriers (LHAMCs) with mechanotransductive conditions that rapidly form stable hyaluronic acid (HA) N‐hydroxy succinimide ester (NHS‐ester) are reported. Specifically, carboxyl‐functionalized HA is linked to collagen type I via amide‐crosslinking, and gas foaming produced by ammonium bicarbonate forms concave surface of the microcarriers. The temporal 3D culture of chondrocytes on LHAMCs uniquely remodels the extracellular matrix to induce hyaline cartilaginous microtissue regeneration and prevents an anaerobic‐to‐aerobic metabolism transition in response to the geometric constraints. Furthermore, by inhibiting the canonical Wnt pathway, LHAMCs prevent β‐catenin translocation to the nucleus, repressing chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Additionally, the subcutaneous implantation model indicates that LHAMCs display favorable cytocompatibility and drive robust hyaline chondrocyte‐derived neocartilage formation. These findings reveal a novel strategy for regulating chondrocyte dedifferentiation. The current study paves the way for a better understanding of geometrical insight clues into mechanotransduction interaction in regulating cell fate, opening new avenues for advancing tissue engineering.
Single‐Crystalline BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Membranes Enabled High Energy Density in PEI‐Based Composites for High‐Temperature Electrostatic Capacitors
Authors: Liu Haixia , Zhu Wenxuan , Mao Qi , Peng Bin , Xu Yiwei , Dong Guohua , Chen Bohan , Peng Ruobo , Zhao Yanan , Zhou Ziyao , Yang Sen , Huang Houbing , Liu Ming
Published: March 2023

Dielectric capacitors are promising for high power energy storage, but their breakdown strength (Eb) and energy density (Ue) usually degrade rapidly at high temperatures. Adding boron nitride (BN) nanosheets can improve the Eb and high‐temperature endurance but with a limited Ue due to its low dielectric constant. Here, freestanding single‐crystalline BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (BZT) membranes with high dielectric constant are fabricated, and introduced into BN doped polyetherimide (PEI) to obtain laminated PEI–BN/BZT/PEI–BN composites. At room temperature, the composite shows a maximum Ue of 17.94 J cm−3 at 730 MV m−1, which is more than two times the pure PEI. Particularly, the composites exhibit excellent dielectric‐temperature stability between 25 and 150 °C. An outstanding Ue = 7.90 J cm−3 is obtained at a relatively large electric field of 650 MV m−1 under 150 °C, which is superior to the most high‐temperature dielectric capacitors reported so far. Phase‐field simulation reveals that the depolarization electric field generated at the BZT/PEI–BN interfaces can effectively reduce carrier mobility, leading to the remarkable enhancement of the Eb and Ue over a wide temperature range. This work provides a promising and scalable route to develop sandwich‐structured composites with prominent energy storage performances for high‐temperature capacitive applications.
Vincristine and dexamethasone pulses in addition to maintenance therapy among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GD‐ALL‐2008): An open‐label, multicentre, randomized, phase III clinical trial
Authors: Qiu Kun‐yin , Wang Jia‐yi , Huang Li‐bin , Li Chang‐gang , Xu Lu‐hong , Liu Ri‐yang , Chen Hui‐qin , Ruan Yong‐sheng , Zhen Zi‐jun , Li Chi‐kong , Fang Jian‐pei
Published: March 2023

The efficacy and safety on the addition of vincristine (VCR) and dexamethasone (DEX) pulses to maintenance therapy among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain uncertain. Herein, we perform an open‐label, multicentre, randomized, phase III clinical trial that was conducted at nine major medical centers in Guangdong Province, China. Patients were randomly assigned either the conventional maintenance therapy (control group, n = 384) or the VCR/DEX pulse (treatment group, n = 375). When limited to the SR cohort, 10‐year EFS was 82.6% (95% CI: 75.9–89.9) in the control group and 80.7% (95% CI: 74–88.1) in the treatment group (pnon‐inferiority = .0002). Similarly, patients with IR also demonstrated non‐inferiority of the treatment group to the control group in terms of 10‐year EFS (73.6% [95% CI: 67.6–80] vs. 77.6% [95% CI: 71.8–83.9]; pnon‐inferiority = .005). Among the HR cohort, compared with the control group, patients in the treatment group experienced a significant benefit in terms of 10‐year EFS (61.1% [95% CI: 47.7–78.2] vs. 72.6% [95% CI: 55.6–94.7], p = .026) and a trend toward higher 10‐year OS (73.8% [95% CI: 61.6–88.4] vs. 87.9% [95% CI: 579.2–97.5], p = .068). In the HR cohort, the total rate of drug‐induced liver injury and Grade 3 chemotherapy‐induced anemia were both lower for patients in the treatment group than in the control group (55.6% vs. 100%, p = .033; 37.5% vs. 60%, p = .036). Conversely, the total prevalence of chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia was higher for patients in the treatment group than in the control group (88.9% vs. 40%, p = .027). Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high risk is suitable to VCR/DEX pulse during maintenance phase for the excellent outcome, while the standard‐to‐intermediate‐risk patients could eliminate the pulses.
Plasma biomarkers identify older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in a real‐world population‐based cohort
Authors: Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Zhang Yingjin , Snitz Beth , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Bellaver Bruna , Jacobsen Erin , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Pascoal Tharick A. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ganguli Mary , Karikari Thomas K.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Plasma biomarkers—cost effective, non‐invasive indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD)—have largely been studied in clinical research settings. Here, we examined plasma biomarker profiles and their associated factors in a population‐based cohort to determine whether they could identify an at‐risk group, independently of brain and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.

Methods

We measured plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio in 847 participants from a population‐based cohort in southwestern Pennsylvania.

Results

K‐medoids clustering identified two distinct plasma Aβ42/40 modes, further categorizable into three biomarker profile groups: normal, uncertain, and abnormal. In different groups, plasma p‐tau181, NfL, and GFAP were inversely correlated with Aβ42/40, Clinical Dementia Rating, and memory composite score, with the strongest associations in the abnormal group.

Discussion

Abnormal plasma Aβ42/40 ratio identified older adult groups with lower memory scores, higher dementia risks, and higher ADRD biomarker levels, with potential implications for population screening.

Highlights

Population‐based plasma biomarker studies are lacking, particularly in cohorts without cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging data.

In the Monongahela‐Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team study (n = 847), plasma biomarkers associated with worse memory and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), apolipoprotein E ε4, and greater age.

Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio levels allowed clustering participants into abnormal, uncertain, and normal groups.

Plasma Aβ42/40 correlated differently with neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated tau181, memory composite, and CDR in each group.

Plasma biomarkers can enable relatively affordable and non‐invasive community screening for evidence of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders pathophysiology.
Crystal Engineering of Two Light and Pressure Responsive Physisorbents
Authors: Castell Dominic C. , Nikolayenko Varvara I. , Sensharma Debobroto , Koupepidou Kyriaki , Forrest Katherine A. , Solanilla‐Salinas Carlos J. , Space Brian , Barbour Leonard J. , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: March 2023

An emerging strategy in the design of efficient gas storage technologies is the development of stimuli‐responsive physisorbents which undergo transformations in response to a particular stimulus, such as pressure, heat or light. Herein, we report two isostructural light modulated adsorbents (LMAs) containing bis‐3‐thienylcyclopentene (BTCP), LMA‐1 [Cd(BTCP)(DPT)2] (DPT=2,5‐diphenylbenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) and LMA‐2 [Cd(BTCP)(FDPT)2] (FDPT=5‐fluoro‐2,diphenylbenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate). Both LMAs undergo pressure induced switching transformations from non‐porous to porous via adsorption of N2, CO2 and C2H2. LMA‐1 exhibited multi‐step adsorption while LMA‐2 showed a single‐step adsorption isotherm. The light responsive nature of the BTPC ligand in both frameworks was exploited with irradiation of LMA‐1 resulting in a 55 % maximum reduction of CO2 uptake at 298 K. This study reports the first example of a switching sorbent (closed to open) that can be further modulated by light.
Modulare Synthese von strukturell diversen polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit eingebetteten Azulenen durch Knoevenagelartige Kondensation
Authors: Liu Renxiang , Fu Yubin , Wu Fupeng , Liu Fupin , Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Yang Lin , Popov Alexey A. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: March 2023

Das Forschungsinteresse an in polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAKs) eingebettete Azulene hat sich in den letzten Jahren signifikant erhöht, aber der Mangel an effizienten Synthesestrategien hemmt die Studien der Struktur‐Eigenschaftsbeziehungen sowie weiterer opto‐elektronischer Anwendungen. Wir berichten hier von einer neuen modularen Synthesestrategie für diverse Azulen‐eingebettete PAKs durch eine Tandem Suzuki Kupplung und basenvermittelte Kondensation des knoevenagel Typs in guten Ausbeuten und exzellenter struktureller Vielfalt. Die Substrate beinhalten nicht‐alternierende thiophenreiche PAKs, schmetterlings‐ und z‐förmige PAKs mit zwei Azuleneinheiten sowie das erste Beispiel zweier eingebetteter Azuleneinheiten, welche ein doppel‐[5]Helicen bilden. Die strukturelle Topologie, Aromatizität und die photophysischen Eigenschaften wurden per NMR Spektroskopie, Einkristallstrukturanalyse, UV/Vis Absorptionsspektroskopie sowie durch DFT Simulationen untersucht. Diese Strategie stellt eine neue Herangehensweise für die zügige Synthese bisher nicht erforschter, nicht‐alternierender PAKs oder Graphennanostreifen mit mehreren Azuleneinheiten dar.
Eine universelle Synthesestrategie für anpassbare metallorganische Gerüst‐Nanohybride**
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bojdys Michael J. , Pinna Nicola
Published: March 2023

Metallorganische Gerüste (MOFs) mit eingekapselten Nanopartikeln (NPs) haben ein stark erweitertes Anwendungspotenzial in der Katalyse, Filtration und Sensorik. Die Auswahl bestimmter modifizierter Kern‐NP hat zu Teilerfolgen bei der Überwindung von Gitterfehlanpassungen geführt. Einschränkungen bei der Auswahl der NPs schränken jedoch nicht nur die Vielfalt ein, sondern beeinflussen auch die Eigenschaften der Hybridmaterialien. Hier zeigen wir eine vielseitige Synthesestrategie, bei der eine repräsentative Auswahl von sieben MOF‐Hüllen und sechs NP‐Kernen verwendet wird, die so abgestimmt sind, dass sie von einem bis zu Hunderten von Kernen in mono‐, bi‐, tri‐ und quaternäre Komposite integriert werden können. Diese Methode erfordert keine spezifischen Oberflächenstrukturen oder Funktionalitäten auf den vorgeformten Kernen. Unser Hauptanliegen ist es, die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit alkalischer Dämpfe zu regulieren, die organische Linker deprotonieren und das kontrollierte MOF‐Wachstum und die Verkapselung von NPs auslösen. Es wird erwartet, dass diese Strategie den Weg für die Erforschung von anspruchsvolleren MOF‐Nanohybriden ebnen wird.
A Universal Synthesis Strategy for Tunable Metal‐Organic Framework Nanohybrids**
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bojdys Michael J. , Pinna Nicola
Published: March 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) enjoy a vastly expanded application potential in catalysis, filtration, and sensing. The selection of particular modified core‐NPs has yielded partial successes in overcoming lattice mismatch. However, restrictions on the choice of NPs not only limit the diversity, but also affect the properties of the hybrid materials. Here, we show a versatile synthesis strategy using a representative set of seven MOF‐shells and six NP‐cores that are fine‐tuned to incorporate from single to hundreds of cores in mono‐, bi‐, tri‐ and quaternary composites. This method does not require the presence of any specific surface structures or functionalities on the pre‐formed cores. Our key point is to regulate the diffusion rate of alkaline vapors that deprotonate organic linkers and trigger the controlled MOF‐growth and encapsulation of NPs. This strategy is expected to pave the way for the exploration of more sophisticated MOF‐nanohybrids.
Atomic‐Level Regulation of Cobalt Single‐Atom Nanozymes: Engineering High‐Efficiency Catalase Mimics
Authors: Chen Yuanjun , Jiang Bing , Hao Haigang , Li Haijing , Qiu Chenyue , Liang Xiao , Qu Qingyun , Zhang Zedong , Gao Rui , Duan Demin , Ji Shufang , Wang Dingsheng , Liang Minmin
Published: March 2023

Nanozymes aim to mimic the highly evolved active centers of natural enzymes. Despite progress in nanozyme engineering, their catalytic performance is much less favorable compared with natural enzymes. This study shows that precise control over the atomic configuration of the active centers of Co single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) enables the rational regulation of their catalase‐like performance guided by theorical calculations. The constructed Co‐N3PS SAzyme exhibits an excellent catalase‐like activity and kinetics, exceeding the representative controls of Co‐based SAzymes with different atomic configurations. Moreover, we developed an ordered structure‐oriented coordination design strategy for rationally engineering SAzymes and established a correlation between the structure and enzyme‐like performance. This work demonstrates that precise control over the active centers of SAzymes is an efficient strategy to mimic the highly evolved active sites of natural enzymes.
Covalent Template‐Directed Synthesis of a Spoked 18‐Porphyrin Nanoring**
Authors: Majewski Marcin A. , Stawski Wojciech , Van Raden Jeff M. , Clarke Michael , Hart Jack , O'Shea James N. , Saywell Alex , Anderson Harry L.
Published: March 2023

Rings of porphyrins mimic natural light‐harvesting chlorophyll arrays and offer insights into electronic delocalization, providing a motivation for creating larger nanorings with closely spaced porphyrin units. Here, we demonstrate the first synthesis of a macrocycle consisting entirely of 5,15‐linked porphyrins. This porphyrin octadecamer was constructed using a covalent six‐armed template, made by cobalt‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of an H‐shaped tolan with porphyrin trimer ends. The porphyrins around the circumference of the nanoring were linked together by intramolecular oxidative meso‐meso coupling and partial β‐β fusion, to give a nanoring consisting of six edge‐fused zinc(II) porphyrin dimer units and six un‐fused nickel(II) porphyrins. STM imaging on a gold surface confirms the size and shape of the spoked 18‐porphyrin nanoring (calculated diameter: 4.7 nm).
Progress in phase III clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Yuekun , Li Shenglan , Peng Yichen , Ma Wenbin , Wang Yu , Li Wenbin
Published: March 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system tumor, whose prognosis remains poor under the sequential standard of care, such as neurosurgery followed by concurrent temozolomide radiochemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy in the presence or absence of tumor treating fields. Accordingly, the advent of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy has opened a new era of tumor management. A diverse range of targeted drugs have been tested in patients with GBM in phase III clinical trials. However, these drugs are ineffective for all patients, as evidenced by the fact that only a minority of patients in these trials showed prolonged survival. Furthermore, there are several published phase III clinical trials that involve immune checkpoint inhibitors, peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, and virotherapy. Accordingly, this review comprehensively overviews existing studies of targeted drugs and immunotherapy for glioma and discusses the challenge and perspective of targeted drugs and immunotherapy for glioma to clarify future directions.
No man is an island: Men living alone during COVID‐19 report lower need satisfaction and well‐being
Authors: Jauch Melissa , Lalot Fanny , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: March 2023

Based on data from a large‐scale social survey in the United Kingdom, the present work examines the influence of household situation and gender on individuals' psychological needs and subjective well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Asked to compare their current state to that before the pandemic, men but not women living alone report a subjective decline in their basic psychological needs for meaningfulness and self‐esteem, as well as lower subjective well‐being. A mediated moderation analysis indicates that the lower subjective well‐being for men living alone is mainly mediated by the decline in the satisfaction of their need for self‐esteem. The present findings suggest that social isolation during the pandemic may have affected men and women's psychological needs differently and highlight the special role of need for self‐esteem, offering insights for potential well‐being interventions in times of crisis.
Is Electrocoagulation a Promising Technology for Algal Organic Matter Removal? Current Knowledge and Open Questions
Authors: Krusinova Zuzana , Prokopova Michaela , Krystynik Pavel , Kluson Petr , Pivokonsky Martin
Published: March 2023

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a practical alternative to chemical coagulation for the treatment of drinking water that contains various pollutants, including humic substances. Nevertheless, the performance of EC for removal of algal organic matter (AOM) is still largely unexplored. In this review, the properties of AOM, the principles of chemical coagulation and EC, and the current state of knowledge on the coagulation of AOM have been outlined. The limited available literature on the EC of AOM is critically reviewed and let conclude that this is a promising technology for AOM removal. However, the studies on EC are inconsistent in their approaches, and they lack thorough optimization of operating conditions (resultant pH, coagulant dosing) and reports of residual metal concentrations. Some of the identified needs for future research include the complete optimization of EC for AOM removal, its direct comparison with chemical coagulation, and EC testing for the elimination of mixtures of AOM, humic substances, and inorganic particles.
Surgical outcomes of calvaria reconstruction in cranial pansynostosis associated withArnold‐Chiaritype 1.5 malformation, a case report
Authors: Tabesh Homayoun , Riazi Ali , Mahmoodkhani Mehdi , Sharafi Mohammad , Sourani Arman , Mahdkhah Ata , Foroughi Mina
Published: March 2023

A 6‐year‐old girl with persistent headaches and the visual problem was diagnosed as a delayed onset cranial pansynostosis with concurrent type 1.5 Arnold‐Chiari malformation. She underwent multi‐sutural reconstructive surgery and followed. The headache was greatly decreased and tonsillar‐brain stem herniation and syrinx were resolved.
P‐Modified Single‐Atom Cu Catalyst Boosting Electrocatalytic Performance of NO3− Reduction to NH3
Authors: Wang Honghai , Yao Yanan , Zhan Jiayu , Jia Yangting , Yao Tong , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Yu Fengshou
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical conversion of NO3− to NH3 production is of great environmental significance for water pollution treatment and can artificially close the nitrogen cycle. However, direct nine protons and eight electrons transfer lead to low Faraday efficiency (FE) and yield. Herein, the single copper site immobilized on N,P co‐doped carbon substrates (Cu−N4/P) was prepared for efficient NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion. Benefiting from the electronic redistribution of the Cu site induced by the introduction of the less electronegative element P, the Cu−N4/P catalyst exhibited a high Faraday efficiency of FE (95.89 %) for NH3 product formation at a potential of −0.6 V vs. RHE and 100 % conversion of NO3−−N was achieved after 5 hours of electrolysis. Density functional theory (DFT) explains the effective operation mechanism that P doping can promote the spontaneous hydrogenation of *NO to form *NOH, thus promoting the formation of NH3 from NO3− reduction reaction. The heteroatom doping strategy mentioned proposes a new approach for promoting NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion at atomic level catalytic sites.
Kampf dem Milliarden‐Dollar‐Käfer
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: March 2023

Der Westliche Maisbohrer ist einer der am meisten gefürchteten landwirtschaftlichen Schädlinge. Versuche, seine Dichte durch den Einsatz seiner natürlichen Feinde klein zu halten, sind bisher gescheitert. Forscher haben nun einen Grund dafür gefunden.
Hierarchical Assemblies of Bottlebrush/Homopolymer Blends: Tailoring Phase Interfacial Curvature for Tunable Photonics†
Authors: Yi Han , Li Yuesheng , Song Dong‐Po
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Organized spontaneous emulsification (OSE) produces ordered water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion droplets stabilized by bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) surfactants, such as (polynorbornene‐g‐polystyrene)‐b‐(polynorbornene‐g‐polyethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO), templating ordered porous particles with visible structural colors. Here, homopolymer polystyrenes (hPS) were used to swell the PS domain and thus to effectively increase the W/O interfacial curvature of the internal droplets. By variation of hPS concentration, pore diameter is largely tunable from 34 to over 210 nm, leading to tunable photonic bandgaps in the whole visible spectrum. The ratio (α) of molecular weight of hPS relative to that of the PS side chains of the BBCP can greatly influence their spatial distribution within the PS domain. For α ≤ 1, uniform solubilization of the hPS chains into the side chains of BBCP is achieved leading to a homogeneous porous structure. For α > 1, local solubilization of the hPS chains at interface of the internal droplets is disclosed at relatively low concentrations of hPS (≤ 42 wt%), resulting in a small change in pore diameter. For contrast, a rapid increase of the W/O interfacial curvature was observed upon further increase of the hPS content (> 42 wt%) through an evident influence on the OSE procedure.
ATP diffusional gradients are sufficient to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis in synaptic boutons lacking mitochondria
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan A. , Kuznetsov Andrey V.
Published: March 2023

Previous work on mitochondrial distribution in axons has shown that approximately half of the presynaptic release sites do not contain mitochondria, raising the question of how the boutons that do not contain mitochondria are supplied with ATP. Here, we develop and apply a mathematical model to study this question. Specifically, we investigate whether diffusive transport of ATP is sufficient to support the exocytic functionality in synaptic boutons which lack mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that the difference in ATP concentration between a bouton containing a mitochondrion and a neighboring bouton lacking a mitochondrion is only approximately 0.4%, which is still 3.75 times larger than the ATP concentration minimally required to support synaptic vesicle release. This work therefore suggests that passive diffusion of ATP is sufficient to maintain the functionality of boutons which do not contain mitochondria.
PhI(OAc)2/I2‐Mediated Decarboxylative C4‐Amination of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids via Csp2−H Dehydrogenative C−N Cross‐Coupling under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Bhowmick Anindita , Brahmachari Goutam
Published: March 2023

An efficient and straightforward protocol for accessing a new series of functionalized 4‐aminocoumarins from PIDA/I2‐mediated decarboxylative C4‐amination of coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids via direct Csp2−H dehydrogenative C−N cross‐coupling with secondary amines under ambient conditions has been accomplished. The notable advantages of this protocol are the tolerance of diverse functional groups, mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature, moderate to good yields, short reaction times (in minutes), high regioselectivity, gram‐scale applicability, and eco‐friendliness. This is the first report of decarboxylative Csp2−H cross‐dehydrogenative C−N coupling of coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids for synthesizing 4‐aminocoumarins.
What is important to the decision to disclose nonsuicidal self‐injury in formal and social contexts?
Authors: Mirichlis Sylvanna , Boyes Mark , Hasking Penelope , Lewis Stephen P.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Disclosure of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with a range of both positive (e.g., help‐seeking) and negative (e.g., discrimination) outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of a range of factors concerned with: NSSI experiences, self‐efficacy to disclose self‐injury, interpersonal factors, and reasons for or expectations of disclosure, to the decision to disclose self‐injury to friends, family members, significant others, and health professionals.

Methods

Three hundred seventy‐one participants with lived experience of NSSI completed a survey in which they rated the importance of the aforementioned factors to the decision of whether to disclose NSSI to different people. A mixed‐model analysis of variance was conducted to investigate whether the factors differed in importance and if this importance differed across relationship types.

Results

All factors held importance, though to differing degrees, with those related to relationship quality being most important overall. Generally, factors relating to tangible aid were considered more important when considering disclosure to health professionals than to other people. Conversely, interpersonal factors, particularly trust, were more important when disclosing to individuals in social or personal relationships.

Conclusion

The findings provide preliminary insight into how different considerations may be prioritized when navigating NSSI disclosure, in a way that may be tailored to different contexts. For clinicians, the findings highlight that clients may expect tangible forms of support and nonjudgment in the event that they disclose their self‐injury in this formal setting.
Style, content, and the success of ideas
Authors: Boghrati Reihane , Berger Jonah , Packard Grant
Published: March 2023

From marketers and consumers to leaders and health officials, everyone wants to increase their communications' impact. But why are some communications more impactful? While some argue that content drives success, we suggest that style, or the way ideas are presented, plays an important role. To test style's importance, we examine it in a context where content should be paramount: academic research. While scientists often see writing as a disinterested way to communicate unobstructed truth, a multi‐method investigation indicates that writing style shapes impact. To separate content from style, we focus on a unique class of words linked to style (i.e., function words such as “and,” “the,” and “on”) that are devoid of content. Natural language processing of almost 30,000 articles from a range of disciplines finds that function words explain 4–11% of overall variance explained and 11–27% of language content's impact on citations. Additional analyses examine particular style features that may shape success, and why, highlighting the role of writing simplicity, personal voice, and temporal perspective. Experiments further indicate the causal impact of style. The results suggest ways to boost communication's impact and highlight the value of natural language processing for understanding the success of ideas.