bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Decoration of ZnWO4 Nanorods with Cu2O Nanoparticles to Build Heterostructure with Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Tian Lingyu , Rui Yulan , Sun Kelei , Cui Wenquan , An Weijia
Published: January 2018

The surface of ZnWO4 nanorods was decorated with Cu2O nanoparticles (Cu2O/ZnWO4) prepared through a precipitation method. The Cu2O nanoparticles were tightly deposited on the ZnWO4 surface and had average diameters of 20 nm. The nanoparticles not only promoted the absorption and utilization of visible light but also facilitated the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. This brought an improvement of the photocatalytic activity. The 5 wt % Cu2O/ZnWO4 photocatalyst displayed the highest degrade efficiency for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light, which was 7.8 and 2 times higher than pure ZnWO4 and Cu2O, respectively. Meanwhile, the Cu2O/ZnWO4 composite photocatalyst was able to go through phenol degradation under visible light. The results of photoluminescence (PL), photocurrent, and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements were consistent and prove the rapid separation of charge, which originated from the match level structure and the close contact with the interface. The radical and hole trapping experiments were carried out to detect the main active substances in the photodegradation process. The holes and ·O2− radicals were predicted to dominate the photocatalytic process. Based on the characterization analysis and experiment results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism for enhancing photocatalytic activity was proposed.
Association between Dietary Pattern and Incidence of Cholesterolemia in Korean Adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Lee Jieul , Kim Jihye
Published: January 2018

We examined the gender-specific association between dietary pattern and risk of developing cholesterolemia based on the data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology study. A total of 7515 individuals aged 40–69 years participated in this study between 2005 and 2010. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Low HDL cholesterolemia was defined as a plasma HDL-C level <1.04 mmol/L (men) or <1.30 mmol/L (women), and high LDL cholesterolemia was defined as a plasma LDL-C level >3.37 mmol/L. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the risk for incident cholesterolemia according to dietary pattern score. Four dietary patterns were derived by gender using factor analysis: prudent pattern; coffee, fat, and sweet pattern; whole grain (men) or white rice and noodle (women) pattern; and westernized pattern. A prudent pattern was inversely associated with risk of low HDL cholesterolemia in both men (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76, p for trend = 0.0098) and women (HR = 0.78, p for trend = 0.0324), whereas the coffee, fat, and sweet pattern was positively associated with risk of high LDL cholesterolemia in men only (HR = 1.26, p for trend = 0.0254) after adjustment for potential confounders. Specific dietary patterns were associated with risk of developing cholesterolemia suggesting gender differences.
Association between Vitamin D Genetic Risk Score and Cancer Risk in a Large Cohort of U.S. Women
Authors: Chandler Paulette , Tobias Deirdre , Wang Lu , Smith-Warner Stephanie , Chasman Daniel , Rose Lynda , Giovannucci Edward , Buring Julie , Ridker Paul , Cook Nancy , Manson JoAnn , Sesso Howard
Published: January 2018

Some observational studies suggest an inverse association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and cancer incidence and mortality. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis of the relationship between a vitamin D genetic risk score (GRS, range 0–10), comprised of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vitamin D status in the DHCR7, CYP2R1 and GC genes and cancer risk among women. Analysis was performed in the Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS), including 23,294 women of European ancestry who were cancer-free at baseline and followed for 20 years for incident cancer. In a subgroup of 1782 WGHS participants with 25OHD measures at baseline, the GRS was associated with circulating 25OHD mean (SD) = 67.8 (26.1) nmol/L, 56.9 (18.7) nmol/L in the lowest versus 73.2 (27.9) nmol/L in the highest quintile of the GRS (p trend < 0.0001 across quintiles). However, in age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, higher GRS (reflecting higher 25OHD levels) was not associated (cases; Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% Confidence Interval (CI)), p-value) with incident total cancer: (n = 3985; 1.01 (1.00–1.03), p = 0.17), breast (n = 1560; 1.02 (0.99–1.05), p = 0.21), colorectal (n = 329; 1.06 (1.00–1.13), p = 0.07), lung (n = 330; 1.00 (0.94–1.06), p = 0.89) or total cancer death (n = 770; 1.00 (0.96–1.04), p = 0.90). Results were similar in fully-adjusted models. A GRS for higher circulating 25OHD was not associated with cancer incidence or mortality.
A Simple Traffic Light Approach to Backtesting Expected Shortfall
Authors: Costanzino Nick , Curran Michael
Published: January 2018

We propose a Traffic Light approach to backtesting Expected Shortfall which is completely consistent with, and analogous to, the Traffic Light approach to backtesting VaR (Value at Risk) initially proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in their 1996 consultative document Basle Committee on Banking Supervision (1996). The approach relies on the generalized coverage test for Expected Shortfall developed in Costanzino and Curran (2015).
Tracking of a Fluorescent Dye in a Freshwater Lake with an Unmanned Surface Vehicle and an Unmanned Aircraft System
Authors: Powers Craig , Hanlon Regina , Schmale David
Published: January 2018

Recent catastrophic events in our oceans, including the spill of toxic oil from the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig and the rapid dispersion of radioactive particulates from the meltdown of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, underscore the need for new tools and technologies to rapidly respond to hazardous agents. Our understanding of the movement and aerosolization of hazardous agents from natural aquatic systems can be expanded upon and used in prevention and tracking. New technologies with coordinated unmanned robotic systems could lead to faster identification and mitigation of hazardous agents in lakes, rivers, and oceans. In this study, we released a fluorescent dye (fluorescein) into a freshwater lake from an anchored floating platform. A fluorometer (fluorescence sensor) was mounted underneath an unmanned surface vehicle (USV, unmanned boat) and was used to detect and track the released dye in situ in real-time. An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) was used to visualize the dye and direct the USV to sample different areas of the dye plume. Image processing tools were used to map concentration profiles of the dye plume from aerial images acquired from the UAS, and these were associated with concentration measurements collected from the sensors onboard the USV. The results of this project have the potential to transform monitoring strategies for hazardous agents, enabling timely and accurate exposure assessment and response in affected areas. Fast response is essential in reacting to the introduction of hazardous agents, in order to quickly predict and contain their spread.
The Benefits of the Ka-Band as Evidenced from the SARAL/AltiKa Altimetric Mission: Quality Assessment and Unique Characteristics of AltiKa Data
Authors: Bonnefond Pascal , Verron Jacques , Aublanc Jérémie , Babu K. , Bergé-Nguyen Muriel , Cancet Mathilde , Chaudhary Aditya , Crétaux Jean-François , Frappart Frédéric , Haines Bruce , Laurain Olivier , Ollivier Annabelle , Poisson Jean-Christophe , Prandi Pierre , Sharma Rashmi , Thibaut Pierre , Watson Christopher
Published: January 2018

The India-France SARAL/AltiKa mission is the first Ka-band altimetric mission dedicated to oceanography. The mission objectives are primarily the observation of the oceanic mesoscales but also include coastal oceanography, global and regional sea level monitoring, data assimilation, and operational oceanography. The mission ended its nominal phase after 3 years in orbit and began a new phase (drifting orbit) in July 2016. The objective of this paper is to provide a state of the art of the achievements of the SARAL/AltiKa mission in terms of quality assessment and unique characteristics of AltiKa data. It shows that the AltiKa data have similar accuracy at the centimeter level in term of absolute water level whatever the method (from local to global) and the type of water surfaces (ocean and lakes). It shows also that beyond the fact that AltiKa data quality meets the expectations and initial mission requirements, the unique characteristics of the altimeter and the Ka-band offer unique contributions in fields that were previously not fully foreseen.
A Red-Emitting, Multidimensional Sensor for the Simultaneous Cellular Imaging of Biothiols and Phosphate Ions
Authors: Herrero-Foncubierta Pilar , Paredes Jose , Giron Maria , Salto Rafael , Cuerva Juan , Miguel Delia , Orte Angel
Published: January 2018

The development of new fluorescent probes for cellular imaging is currently a very active field because of the large potential in understanding cell physiology, especially targeting anomalous behaviours due to disease. In particular, red-emitting dyes are keenly sought, as the light in this spectral region presents lower interferences and a deeper depth of penetration in tissues. In this work, we have synthesized a red-emitting, dual probe for the multiplexed intracellular detection of biothiols and phosphate ions. We have prepared a fluorogenic construct involving a silicon-substituted fluorescein for red emission. The fluorogenic reaction is selectively started by the presence of biothiols. In addition, the released fluorescent moiety undergoes an excited-state proton transfer reaction promoted by the presence of phosphate ions, which modulates its fluorescence lifetime, τ, with the total phosphate concentration. Therefore, in a multidimensional approach, the intracellular levels of biothiols and phosphate can be detected simultaneously using a single fluorophore and with spectral clearing of cell autofluorescence interferences. We have applied this concept to different cell lines, including photoreceptor cells, whose levels of biothiols are importantly altered by light irradiation and other oxidants.
Analysis of the Sensing Properties of a Highly Stable and Reproducible Ozone Gas Sensor Based on Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Film
Authors: Wu Chiu-Hsien , Jiang Guo-Jhen , Chang Kai-Wei , Deng Zu-Yin , Li Yu-Ning , Chen Kuen-Lin , Jeng Chien-Chung
Published: January 2018

In this study, the sensing properties of an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film at ozone concentrations from 500 to 5 ppm were investigated. The a-IGZO thin film showed very good reproducibility and stability over three test cycles. The ozone concentration of 60–70 ppb also showed a good response. The resistance change (ΔR) and sensitivity (S) were linearly dependent on the ozone concentration. The response time (T90-res), recovery time (T90-rec), and time constant (τ) showed first-order exponential decay with increasing ozone concentration. The resistance–time curve shows that the maximum resistance change rate (dRg/dt) is proportional to the ozone concentration during the adsorption. The results also show that it is better to sense rapidly and stably at a low ozone concentration using a high light intensity. The ozone concentration can be derived from the resistance change, sensitivity, response time, time constant (τ), and first derivative function of resistance. However, the time of the first derivative function of resistance is shorter than other parameters. The results show that a-IGZO thin films and the first-order differentiation method are promising candidates for use as ozone sensors for practical applications.
Trends and Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Nanobiosensors
Authors: Rizwan Mohammad , Mohd-Naim Noor Faizah , Ahmed Minhaz Uddin
Published: January 2018

The rapid and increasing use of the nanomaterials (NMs), nanostructured materials (NSMs), metal nanoclusters (MNCs) or nanocomposites (NCs) in the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanobiosensors is a significant area of study for its massive potential in the practical application of nanobiosensor fabrication. Recently, NMs or NSMs (such as AuNPs, AgNPs, Fe3O4, CdS QDs, OMCs, graphene, CNTs and fullerenes) or MNCs (such as Au, Ag, and Pt) or NCs of both metallic and non-metallic origin are being employed for various purposes in the construction of biosensors. In this review, we have selected recently published articles (from 2014–2017) on the current development and prospects of label-free or direct ECL nanobiosensors that incorporate NCs, NMs, NSMs or MNCs.
The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kephart Wesley , Pledge Coree , Roberson Paul , Mumford Petey , Romero Matthew , Mobley Christopher , Martin Jeffrey , Young Kaelin , Lowery Ryan , Wilson Jacob , Huggins Kevin , Roberts Michael
Published: January 2018

Adopting low carbohydrate, ketogenic diets remains a controversial issue for individuals who resistance train given that this form of dieting has been speculated to reduce skeletal muscle glycogen levels and stifle muscle anabolism. We sought to characterize the effects of a 12-week ketogenic diet (KD) on body composition, metabolic, and performance parameters in participants who trained recreationally at a local CrossFit facility. Twelve participants (nine males and three females, 31 ± 2 years of age, 80.3 ± 5.1 kg body mass, 22.9 ± 2.3% body fat, 1.37 back squat: body mass ratio) were divided into a control group (CTL; n = 5) and a KD group (n = 7). KD participants were given dietary guidelines to follow over 12 weeks while CTL participants were instructed to continue their normal diet throughout the study, and all participants continued their CrossFit training routine for 12 weeks. Pre, 2.5-week, and 12-week anaerobic performance tests were conducted, and pre- and 12-week tests were performed for body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound, resting energy expenditure (REE), blood-serum health markers, and aerobic capacity. Additionally, blood beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were measured weekly. Blood BHB levels were 2.8- to 9.5-fold higher in KD versus CTL throughout confirming a state of nutritional ketosis. DXA fat mass decreased by 12.4% in KD (p = 0.053). DXA total lean body mass changes were not different between groups, although DXA dual-leg lean mass decreased in the KD group by 1.4% (p = 0.068), and vastus lateralis thickness values decreased in the KD group by ~8% (p = 0.065). Changes in fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar between groups, although LDL cholesterol increased ~35% in KD (p = 0.048). Between-group changes in REE, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat, 400 m run times, and VO2peak were similar between groups. While our n-sizes were limited, these preliminary data suggest that adopting a ketogenic diet causes marked reductions in whole-body adiposity while not impacting performance measures in recreationally-trained CrossFit trainees. Whether decrements in dual-leg muscle mass and vastus lateralis thickness in KD participants were due to fluid shifts remain unresolved, and increased LDL-C in these individuals warrants further investigation.
Analysis of Changes in Land Use Patterns Pursuant to the Conversion of Agricultural Land to Non-Agricultural Use in the Context of the Sustainable Development of the Malopolska Region
Authors: Busko Malgorzata , Szafranska Beata
Published: January 2018

This research paper presents the results of analyses that address the direction in which the issue of land use in Malopolska has been heading in recent years. The authors formulated the thesis that changes occurring in the use of agricultural land are advanced and, despite its legal protection, this land is continuously subjected to permanent conversion to non-agricultural use year by year. Verification of the thesis was carried out using taxonomic analyses. As a result, it was proven that as much as 68% of the land converted to non-agricultural use in the study period was earmarked for residential use. Importantly, as much as 19% of these areas are of the best quality classes, i.e., classes I and II, which account for a mere 7% of all agricultural land in Malopolska. Another 79% of the converted agricultural land belonged to the mid class, i.e., class III, which—at the time of writing—represents only 26% in the Malopolska Province. This data demonstrates that the best lands of the Malopolska Province, which belonged to classes I, II and III (i.e., top quality arable soils), were irreversibly degraded by their conversion to non-agricultural use. The paper proposes systemic solutions supporting the decision-making process of administrative bodies aimed at agricultural land protection.
Designing Resilience of the Built Environment to Extreme Weather Events
Authors: Jankovic Ljubomir
Published: January 2018

Built environment comprises of a multitude of complex networks of buildings and processes in and between buildings. The paper looks at resilience design on three different levels: the building, the site, and the region. The building resilience design is studied using multi-objective optimization of a recently completed Passivhaus retrofit, under four different climate years: current, 2030, 2050, and 2080. The site resilience design is studied on the basis of a balance between incoming solar radiation and evaporative cooling from transpiration of plants to mitigate heat island effect. The regional resilience design is studied using a network model, taking into account connectivity, information capacity, and the ability to reconfigure. A common denominator found between these three aspects is a degree of system redundancy. Thus, a provision for adaptable building thermal insulation, a provision for adaptable green areas, and a provision for adaptable connectivity are the ingredients for resilient designs on these three respective levels. The findings increase our understanding of practical issues and implications for the resilience design of the built environment under extreme weather events. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches discussed in the paper provides practical guidance for designers and policy makers.
Sustainability Attributes in Real Estate Development: Private Perspectives on Advancing Energy Regulation in a Liberalized Market
Authors: Encinas Felipe , Aguirre Carlos , Marmolejo-Duarte Carlos
Published: January 2018

In real estate markets where energy efficiency certificates are not mandatory, such as Santiago in Chile, incorporating solutions that respond to the growing demand for sustainability entails a natural tension between their acceptance as necessary measures and the way they are addressed by the market. Under this mechanism, sustainability attributes have been introduced that are communicated individually through real estate promotion. A methodology consisting of two approaches was utilized to investigate the cross-validation of attributes, in terms of supply and demand, and the evolution of them in 8255 real estate advertisements for the period 2012–2017. Their positioning was more evident in higher-value homes, where they were identified as consolidated attributes, while they are considered innovations at the lower end of the market. However, as evidence suggests, sustainability attributes decline in relative importance over time, ceasing to be considered marks of distinction. This suggests that this model should be reviewed from a public policy perspective, with the understanding that the current voluntary standards must compete with other attributes. At the same time, it is necessary to make progress in the improvement of the obligatory minimum standards with the objective of establishing a more demanding baseline that incentivizes competitiveness in the market.
Mobile e-Commerce Recommendation System Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Sustainable e-Business
Authors: Guo Yan , Yin Chengxin , Li Mingfu , Ren Xiaoting , Liu Ping
Published: January 2018

A lack of in-depth excavation of user and resources information has become the main bottleneck restricting the predictive analytics of recommendation systems in mobile commerce. This article provides a method which makes use of multi-source information to analyze consumers’ requirements for e-commerce recommendation systems. Combined with the characteristics of mobile e-commerce, this method employs an improved radial basis function (RBF) network in order to determine the weights of recommendations, and an improved Dempster–Shafer theory to fuse the multi-source information. Power-spectrum estimation is then used to handle the fusion results and allow decision-making. The experimental results illustrate that the traditional method is inferior to the proposed approach in terms of recommendation accuracy, simplicity, coverage rate and recall rate. These achievements can further improve recommendation systems, and promote the sustainable development of e-business.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Toxins in 2017
Authors:   Toxins Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Toxins maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Vaccines in 2017
Authors:   Vaccines Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Vaccines maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Toward Improved Goals-Of-Care Documentation in Advanced Cancer: Report on the Development of a Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Harle I. , Karim S. , Raskin W. , Hopman W. M. , Booth C. M.
Published: January 2018

Background: Documentation of advance care planning for patients with terminal cancer is known to be poor. Here, we describe a quality improvement initiative. Methods: Patients receiving palliative chemotherapy for metastatic lung, pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancer during 2010–2015 at the Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario were identified from electronic pharmacy records. Clinical notes were reviewed to identify documentation of care plans in the event of acute deterioration. After establishing baseline practice, we sought to improve documentation of goals of care and referral rates to palliative care. Using quality improvement methodology, we developed a guideline, a standardized documentation system, and a process to facilitate early referral to palliative care. Results: During 2010–2015, 456 patients were included in the baseline cohort: 63% with lung cancer, 16% with colorectal cancer, 13% with pancreatic cancer, and 7% with breast cancer. Care goals in the event of an acute illness were documented by medical oncologists in 6% of cases (26 of 456). Of the 456 patients, 47% (n = 214) were seen by palliative care; care goals were documented by palliative care in 48% of the patients seen (103 of 214). With those baseline data in hand, a local practice guideline and process was developed to facilitate the identification of patients for whom advance care planning and early palliative care referral should be considered. A system was also established so that goals-of-care documentation will be supported with a written framework and broadly accessible in the electronic medical record. Conclusions: Low rates of documentation of advance care planning and referral to palliative care persist and have stimulated a local quality improvement initiative.
MSWI Bottom Ash Utilization in Concrete Mixes
Authors: Pundinaitė-Barsteigienė Milda , Bačinskas Darius , Spudulis Edmundas , Rumšys Deividas
Published: January 2018

In recent years, along with the global development of the Circular Economy concept and in order to minimise the quantity of waste disposed, waste recovery and reuse of recovered materials as raw materials in various industries while preserving the natural resources is strongly encouraged. One of the strands in development of these trends is the reuse of slag (bottom ash) produced from municipal waste incineration in concrete mixes. The article gives a brief overview of the possibilities for the use of slag produced during the municipal waste incineration for the formation of concrete mixes. A brief overview of global experience in this area has been provided. The technological process of waste incineration in Lithuania and the chemical composition of the resulting ash have been described in general terms. The results of preliminary tests of concrete mixes with bottom ash performed at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University have been presented. The tests performed show that a properly selected content of bottom ash can be used as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete mixes. The initial results give impetus to further research in the field of application of secondary raw materials for concrete mixes.
GRB 170817A Associated with GW170817: Multi-frequency Observations and Modeling of Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission
Authors: Pozanenko A. S. , Barkov M. V. , Minaev P. Yu. , Volnova A. A. , Mazaeva E. D. , Moskvitin A. S. , Krugov M. A. , Samodurov V. A. , Loznikov V. M. , Lyutikov M.
Published: January 2018

We present our observations of electromagnetic transients associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A using optical telescopes of Chilescope observatory and Big Scanning Antenna (BSA) of Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory at 110 MHz. The Chilescope observatory detected an optical transient of ∼19m on the third day in the outskirts of the galaxy NGC 4993; we continued observations following its rapid decrease. We put an upper limit of 1.5 × 104 Jy on any radio source with a duration of 10–60 s, which may be associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A. The prompt gamma-ray emission consists of two distinctive components—a hard short pulse delayed by ∼2 s with respect to the LIGO signal and softer thermal pulse with T ∼ 10 keV lasting for another ∼2 s. The appearance of a thermal component at the end of the burst is unusual for short GRBs. Both the hard and the soft components do not satisfy the Amati relation, making GRB 170817A distinctively different from other short GRBs. Based on gamma-ray and optical observations, we develop a model for the prompt high-energy emission associated with GRB 170817A. The merger of two neutron stars creates an accretion torus of ∼10−2
M
⊙, which supplies the black hole with magnetic flux and confines the Blandford–Znajek-powered jet. We associate the hard prompt spike with the quasispherical breakout of the jet from the disk wind. As the jet plows through the wind with subrelativistic velocity, it creates a radiation-dominated shock that heats the wind material to tens of kiloelectron volts, producing the soft thermal component.
GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
Authors: Radice David , Perego Albino , Zappa Francesco , Bernuzzi Sebastiano
Published: January 2018

Gravitational waves detected from the binary neutron star (NS) merger GW170817 constrained the NS equation of state by placing an upper bound on certain parameters, describing the binary’s tidal interactions. We show that the interpretation of the UV/optical/infrared counterpart of GW170817 with kilonova models, combined with new numerical-relativity results, imply a complementary lower bound on the tidal deformability parameter. The joint constraints tentatively rule out both extremely stiff and soft NS equations of state.
Repenser le modèle humanitaire : de l’efficience à la résilience
Authors: Manset David , Hikkerova Lubica , Sahut Jean-Michel
Published: January 2018

L’humanitaire connaît donc aujourd’hui une crise majeure d’ordre économique et organisationnelle qui conduit à un recentrage sur l’éthique de l’action au travers de la résilience. On peut donc s’interroger sur le modèle humanitaire actuel, ses principes sous-jacents et sa capacité à apporter une aide efficiente, et résiliente aux personnes dans le besoin. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons développé une approche exploratoire qualitative en interrogeant par entretiens semi-directifs des experts et un bénéficiaire de l’aide humanitaire. Nos résultats montrent que la résilience est cependant naissante. Pour développer cette dernière, il est non seulement nécessaire d’appliquer de nouveaux standards l’encourageant, mais aussi de prendre le bénéficiaire de l’aide plus en considération, que ce soit dans la façon de mener l’action mais aussi dans l a priori sation des financements. Enfin, le secteur humanitaire se trouve aujourd’hui écrasé par la loi du marché et par conséquent connaît un phénomène de concurrence extrême, impactant potentiellement ses grands principes. Il en résulte que le développement d’un nouveau modèle sociétal et économique est nécessaire afin de parvenir à la pleine réalisation éthique de l’aide humanitaire.
Une épanadiplose analytique, ou l’action de la forme de la castration
Authors: Glas Jérôme
Published: January 2018

L’auteur propose une lecture du lapsus interprétatif dans le cas de Georges comme issu non pas d’un lapsus auditif de l’analyste ou phonatoire du patient, mais en tant qu’acte manqué de l’analyste, porteur d’un enjeu inconscient qui se donne à voir dans l’action de la forme même du rapport de Brigitte Eoche-Duval. Il procède du traitement des enjeux de la castration, du manque, de la tendance au disparaître et à l’exclusion, issus de l’identification hystérique primaire aux enjeux psychiques inconscients du patient. Cet acte aurait pour fonction première de permettre à l’analyste de se dégager de sa position d’exclusion et de sa tendance au disparaître afin de se réinstaurer dans le site analytique et dans la séance avec Georges.
Qu’est ce qui fonctionne quand ça fonctionne ?
Authors: Danon-Boileau Laurent
Published: January 2018

L’interprétation n’est pas de même style selon que le patient relève d’une mise en jeu de la première ou de la seconde topique. Si le Witz peut fournir sa forme à l’interprétation de première topique, l’interprétation de/dans/du transfert fournit celle relative à la mise en jeu de la seconde topique. Toutefois, quelle qu’en soit la forme c’est l’articulation qu’elle organise entre pulsion et défense qui en assure la fécondité.
Mise en représentation avec l’enfant
Authors: Dubois Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2018

Les particularités du travail analytique avec les enfants sont ici envisagées selon trois incidences : la mise en scène du dispositif, le processus de maturation en cours et les modalités de la mise en mots pour l’enfant et pour l’adulte. L’interprétation qui se dégage sera souvent le fait de l’enfant lui-même, et, proposée par l’analyste, prendra plutôt la forme d’une construction.
Femtosecond Lenticule Extraction (FLEx) for Spherocylindrical Hyperopia Using New Profiles
Authors: Sekundo Walter , Messerschmidt-Roth Anke , Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Blum Marcus
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate new lenticule profiles for the treatment of hyperopia by femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) for spherocylindrical hyperopia using a modified laser scan sequence.

METHODS:

In this prospective 9-month study, 39 eyes of 22 patients with the mean age of 49 years (range: 27 to 56 years) underwent hyperopic FLEx. The mean optical zone was 6 mm (range: 5.75 to 6.75 mm) with keratometry readings and magnitude of correction adjusted mean transition zone of 2.1 mm (range: 1.80 to 2.89 mm). The lenticule thickness was set at 25
μ
m in the center and 10
μ
m at the edge.

RESULTS:

Preoperative spherical equivalent manifest refraction was +1.96 ± 1.04 diopters (D) (range: +0.63 to +4.50 D). Because of the presbyopic age, the treatment was aimed at low myopia in 75% of the eyes treated. At the final 9-month follow-up visit, the mean spherical equivalent was −0.40 ± 0.61 D (range: −1.50 to +0.75 D), with 70% of eyes treated within ±0.50 D and 89% of eyes within ±1.00 D of intended correction. The regression was +0.29 D between 1 week and 6 months but 0.03 D between 6 and 9 months. A total of 10% of eyes lost one line of corrected distance visual acuity, respectively. There were no losses of two or more lines of visual acuity or any serious intraoperative or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Treatment of spherocylindrical hyperopia by FLEx led to refractive results similar to published outcomes on hyperopic femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):6–10.]
Evaluation of Femtosecond Laser Versus Manual Clear Corneal Incisions in Cataract Surgery Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Zhang Zhe , Li Xiaoyan , Xie Lisha , Zhang Haining , Koch Douglas D. , Wang Li , Zhang Suhua
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate the wound healing changes of clear corneal incisions performed with a femtosecond laser or a steel bevel knife in cataract surgery using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

METHODS:

Prospectively, consecutive patients undergoing either femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (femtosecond laser group) using the LenSx laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) or traditional cataract surgery using steel blades (control group) were enrolled. The incidence of posterior wound gape, Descemet's membrane detachment, posterior wound retraction, and the inner and outer corneal incision thicknesses were assessed.

RESULTS:

Compared to the control group, the femtosecond laser group had significantly lower incidences of posterior wound gape at 1 day (
P
= .012) and Descemet's membrane detachment at 1 week (
P
= .030), 1 month (
P
= .048), and 3 months (
P
= .048), and a significantly higher incidence of posterior wound retraction at 1 month (
P
< .001) and 3 months (
P
< .001) postoperatively. The inner and outer corneal incision thicknesses decreased over time in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The clear corneal incisions created by femtosecond laser demonstrated a lower incidence of posterior wound gape and Descemet's membrane detachment. However, the higher posterior wound retraction incidence, which indicated that there was wound remodeling, was apparent.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):17–22.]
Energy Setting and Visual Outcomes in SMILE: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Liuyang , Schallhorn Julie M. , Ma Jiaonan , Cui Tong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To assess the independent effect of energy setting on postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and further investigate an optimal energy setting for the 4.5-
μ
m spot-track-distance, which is in wide clinical use.

METHODS:

A total of 1,130 eyes were included in a retrospective cohort study from Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University from April 2015 to July 2016. Energy settings and baseline characteristics were recorded and 3-month UDVA was tested by a nurse blinded to the energy settings used. Multiple regression analysis and generalized estimating equations were used to take into account the correlation between the measurements from two eyes.

RESULTS:

The 3-month UDVA (mean ± standard deviation) of 125 to 160 nJ (by 5-nJ increments) was 1.39 ± 0.19, 1.40 ± 0.32, 1.33 ± 0.27, 1.36 ± 0.27, 1.34 ± 0.25, 1.29 ± 0.19, 1.36 ± 0.27, and 1.19 ± 0.22, respectively. Energy was significantly associated with postoperative logMAR UDVA in different models and the regression coefficient (β) was robust (β = 0.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.00 to 0.01). The regression coefficient β (0.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.00 to 0.02,
P
= .0029) of energy (125 to 150 nJ, by 5-nJ increments) on 4.5-
μ
m spot-track-distance was still associated with the logMAR UDVA when adjusted for sex, age, myopia, astigmatism, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, preoperative logMAR CDVA, and side spot-track-distance.

CONCLUSIONS:

The lower end of the energy studied was associated with a better postoperative UDVA in this population. The spot-track-distance of 4.5
μ
m with 125 nJ energy was the optimal combination within this range.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):11–16.]
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted LASIK With and Without the Adjuvant Use of Mitomycin C to Correct Hyperopia
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Iglesias-Iglesias MariLuz , Drake Rodriguez-Casanova Pilar , Gros-Otero Juan , Teus Miguel A.
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the visual and refractive results of femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) with and without the adjuvant use of mitomycin C (MMC) to correct hyperopia.

METHODS:

A total of 152 consecutive hyperopic eyes were included in this retrospective, observational cohort study, comparing 76 eyes treated with FS-LASIK + MMC with 76 age- and refraction-matched eyes treated with FS-LASIK without MMC. Visual and refractive results were evaluated 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 15 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Preoperative mean spherical equivalent was +3.27 diopters (D) versus +3.50 D in the MMC and no MMC groups, respectively (
P
> .05). Three months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity was significantly better in the MMC group (0.93 ± 0.2) than in the no MMC group (0.87 ± 0.2) (
P
= .01). The residual spherical equivalent was significantly lower in the MMC group (+0.18 ± 0.40 D) than in the no MMC group (+0.42 ± 0.50 D) (
P
= .01). Fifteen months postoperatively, including re-treated eyes, no significant differences were found in uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and residual refraction. Slightly better outcomes were found in the MMC group in terms of efficacy, safety, and predictability; however, these small differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of re-treatments during the 15-month follow-up was significantly lower in the MMC group than in the no MMC group (6.6% vs 10.5%, respectively) (
P
= .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

FS-LASIK with or without the intraoperative use of MMC is safe and effective to correct hyperopia. However, slightly better refractive outcomes and a lower incidence of re-treatments were observed when intraoperative MMC was used, at least in a 15-month follow-up.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):23–28.]
Los inmissores tempestatum en la Hispania tardoantigua
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Juan Antonio
Published: January 2018

En el presente trabajo estudiamos la creencia en la existencia de tempestarii o inmissores tempestatum en la Hispania tardoantigua. A pesar de la escasez de fuentes para dicho tema, éstas nos permiten aseverar que en la península Ibérica la gente reconocía como reales los individuos capaces de provocar tormentas con su sola voluntad. Estas fuentes corresponden a dos leyes de Chindasvinto, que manifiestan la preocupación de las autoridades por los «hacedores de tormentas» que arruinaban las cosechas de terceros. Además, dos testimonios epigráficos, que reproducen fórmulas mágicas grabadas sobre pizarra (con una cronología imprecisa que corre entre los siglos VIII y X), sugieren la presencia en Hispania de los defensores mencionados en el reino franco por Agobardo de Lyon, magos que presumían de alejar las tempestades de los campos de cultivo. La pobreza de estas fuentes puede completarse con la información proporcionada por fuentes de la Galia franca, entre las que destaca el mencionado Agobardo. Finalmente, vemos cómo la Iglesia combatió estas creencias apropiándose de ellas y adaptándolas a su pensamiento, sustituyendo los malos espíritus que provocaban tormentas por Satán y sus demonios, y las divinidades que protegían los campos por los ángeles y los santos cristianos.
El matrimonio de Felipe V y la alianza borbónico-saboyana de 1701
Authors: López Anguita José Antonio
Published: January 2018

Tras la entronización de Felipe V como rey de España, y ante el inminente estallido de un conflicto por la sucesión de Carlos II, Francia y la Monarquía Hispánica dieron inicio a una intensa política de alianzas destinada a neutralizar las pretensiones de la rama vienesa de la Casa de Austria sobre la corona española. La península itálica, donde los Borbones contarían con la adhesión de los ducados de Mantua y Saboya, fue un escenario prioritario en el desarrollo de tal política. Este artículo pretende analizar el papel que jugaron las nupcias de Felipe V y María Luisa de Saboya en la formalización del tratado borbónico-saboyano de abril de 1701. Basándonos en la documentación de carácter diplomático ubicada en los archivos franceses, españoles e italianos, insistiremos no sólo en las características del acuerdo firmado entre ambas dinastías, sino también en cómo la negociación del matrimonio regio se vio influida por la fragilidad de una alianza políticamente asimétrica que terminaría rompiéndose apenas dos años después de su establecimiento.
Recuperación y reevaluación del concepto de derecho krausista en España
Authors: Manzanero Delia
Published: January 2018

Este artículo considera la especial determinación de la esencia del Derecho y la metodología jurídica en la obra de un krausista español como fue Francisco Giner, para lo cual, se condensan en unas pocas páginas las fijaciones del concepto de Derecho que el propio Krause y sus discípulos más directos han dado a esta cuestión. En segundo lugar, se sintetizan los lineamientos generales de la doctrina de Krause y las resonancias que obtiene, particularmente entre los krausistas españoles, para, en último término, sentar las bases teóricas que permiten entrar a valorar el desarrollo de esta doctrina dentro del marco general de la Filosofía del Derecho de Giner. Por último, se analizan las discrepancias de Giner en cuestiones sumamente trascendentales con otras definiciones del Derecho dadas por krausistas europeos como el jurista alemán Ahrens, alumbrando así un concepto de derecho que sería el que posteriormente alcanzaría mayor amplitud y desarrollo en España al ser recuperado y reasumido por los krausistas españoles.
Normative Functional Performance Values in High School Athletes: The Functional Pre-Participation Evaluation Project
Authors: Onate James A. , Starkel Cambrie , Clifton Daniel R. , Best Thomas M. , Borchers James , Chaudhari Ajit , Comstock R. Dawn , Cortes Nelson , Grooms Dustin R. , Hertel Jay , Hewett Timothy E. , Miller Meghan Maume , Pan Xueliang , Schussler Eric , Van Lunen Bonnie L.
Published: January 2018

Context: 

The fourth edition of the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation recommends functional testing for the musculoskeletal portion of the examination; however, normative data across sex and grade level are limited. Establishing normative data can provide clinicians reference points with which to compare their patients, potentially aiding in the development of future injury-risk assessments and injury-mitigation programs.

Objective: 

To establish normative functional performance and limb-symmetry data for high school-aged male and female athletes in the United States.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Athletic training facilities and gymnasiums across the United States.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 3951 male and female athletes who participated on high school-sponsored basketball, football, lacrosse, or soccer teams enrolled in this nationwide study.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Functional performance testing consisted of 3 evaluations. Ankle-joint range of motion, balance, and lower extremity muscular power and landing control were assessed via the weight-bearing ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and anterior single-legged hop-for-distance (SLHOP) tests, respectively. We used 2-way analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine the effects of sex and grade level on ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and SLHOP test performance and symmetry.

Results: 

The SLHOP performance differed between sexes (males = 187.8% ± 33.1% of limb length, females = 157.5% ± 27.8% of limb length; t = 30.3, P < .001). A Cohen d value of 0.97 indicated a large effect of sex on SLHOP performance. We observed differences for SLHOP and ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge performance among grade levels, but these differences were not clinically meaningful.

Conclusions: 

We demonstrated differences in normative data for lower extremity functional performance during preparticipation physical evaluations across sex and grade levels. The results of this study will allow clinicians to compare sex- and grade-specific functional performances and implement approaches for preventing musculoskeletal injuries in high school-aged athletes.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Padua Darin A. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Hewett Timothy E. , Garrett William E. , Marshall Stephen W. , Golden Grace M. , Shultz Sandra J. , Sigward Susan M.
Published: January 2018

Objective: 

To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care and fitness professionals with recommendations based on current evidence regarding the prevention of noncontact and indirect-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in athletes and physically active individuals.

Background: 

Preventing ACL injuries during sport and physical activity may dramatically decrease medical costs and long-term disability. Implementing ACL injury-prevention training programs may improve an individual's neuromuscular control and lower extremity biomechanics and thereby reduce the risk of injury. Recent evidence indicates that ACL injuries may be prevented through the use of multicomponent neuromuscular-training programs.

Recommendations: 

Multicomponent injury-prevention training programs are recommended for reducing noncontact and indirect-contact ACL injuries and strongly recommended for reducing noncontact and indirect-contact knee injuries during physical activity. These programs are advocated for improving balance, lower extremity biomechanics, muscle activation, functional performance, strength, and power, as well as decreasing landing impact forces. A multicomponent injury-prevention training program should, at minimum, provide feedback on movement technique in at least 3 of the following exercise categories: strength, plyometrics, agility, balance, and flexibility. Further guidance on training dosage, intensity, and implementation recommendations is offered in this statement.