bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una visión global del movimiento asociativo vecinal regional durante la transición: 1970-1986
Authors: Gonzalo Morell Constantino
Published: March 2016

Desde hace apenas veinte años la historiografía reconoce el importante papel opositor al franquismo del movimiento vecinal y le adjudica una relevante tarea: la formación ciudadana. En este artículo proponemos un repaso global al movimiento vecinal castellano y leonés, tanto a nivel de capitales de provincia como de federaciones así como los pasos de nuestros representantes a nivel nacional, con especial atención a los primeros movimientos conducentes a la creación de un ente federativo regional, la futura CAVE
Prevalence and diagnostic features of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint: a review
Authors: Bansal Mohan
Published: March 2016

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) consist of not only the internal derangement of Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) but also areas extrinsic to TMJ. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that manifests as a chronic debilitating disease and occurs due to degradation and loss of articular cartilage. There occur changes in the subchondral bone and other soft tissues. Osteoarthritis is not uncommon in the Temporomandibular joints (TMJs). The etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis is associated with multiple risk factors. The disease progresses slowly and passes through different phases with periods of remission and ultimately results in the burnout phase. It needs a good understanding of the diagnostic algorithm and that facilitates better management of the disease in the TMJ. The aim of this review article is to highlight and update the prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and general characteristics of TMJ Osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures managed by different surgical modalities
Authors: Jain Ravi kant , Shukla Rajeev , Baxi Mudit , Agarwal Utkarsh , Yadav Sankalp
Published: March 2016

Background: Tibial plateau makes up one of the most important weight bearing surface. Its fractures are commonly faced entity encompassing a wide spectrum of injuries of variable fracture morphology. Due to in-crease in incidence of high velocity trauma and higher functional demands of patients, surgery is warranted in most of the cases. Although, there is advancement in fracture fixation methods, apt treatment of tibial plateau fractures still remains controversial.

Methods: In our series, we analyzed the functional outcomes of 58 of surgically treated tibial plateau fractures. Fractures were classified with Schatzker’s classification. Various fixation modalities of fixation were employed. Functional outcome was evaluated with modified Rasmussen’s criteria.

Results: Most of the patient’s belonged to younger age groups (58.62%) and males (79.31%) were predominately involved. Road traffic accidents were the most common etiological factor (70.69%). Schatzker types I (29.31%) and II (27.59%) were the most common observed fracture type. The majority of the patients had a complication free recovery (81.03%). Infection was reported in only one case (1.72%). Similarly, malunion was noticed in only in one case (1.72%). None of the patients had complications like nonunion or neurovascular damage. The functional outcome assessment according to Modified Rasmussen’s criteria at the end of 12 months showed the excellent functional outcome in 41 (70.68%), good in eight (13.79%), fair in five (10.34%) and poor in four (6.9%) patients.

Conclusions: Surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures is challenging, yet it helps in achieving excellent anatomical restoration and rigid fracture fixation enabling in the restoration of articular congruity and facilitation of early knee motion thus achieving optimal knee function.
Pasado y presente de los africanos y sus descendientes en Argentina
Authors: Buffa Diego , Bezerra María José
Published: March 2016

En este artículo, nos proponemos explorar el pasado y la historia reciente del actual territorio argentino, con el objetivo de indagar acerca de la presencia africana y afrodescendiente en estas latitudes de la América meridional. En tal sentido, centraremos nuestro análisis en los momentos más significativos de la llegada de esa población africana, observando ciertos parámetros que la caracteriza y, al mismo tiempo, identificaremos patrones de marginación o exclusión social que eses migrantes africanos y sus descendientes debieron experimentar por parte de las estructuras dominantes y la sociedad receptora.---Passado e presente dos africanos e seus descendentes na ArgentinaNeste artigo, propomos explorar o passado e a história recente do atual território argentino, com o objetivo deindagar sobre a presença africana e afrodescendente nessas latitudes da América meridional. Nesse sentido, centramos nossa análise nos momentos mais significativos da chegada dessa população africana, analisando certos parâmetros que a caracteriza e, ao mesmo tempo, identificaremos padrões de marginação ou exclusão social que esses migrantes africanos e seus descendentes experimentaram por parte das estruturas dominantes e da sociedade receptora.Palavras chaves: Africanos - Afrodescendentes - Argentina---Past and present of Africans and their descendents in Argentina In this article we propose to explore the past and recent history of the current Argentinean territory, in order to inquire about African and African descent presence in these latitudes of southern America. Accordingly, we focus our analysis on the most significant moments of the arrival of this African population, examining certain parameters that characterizes it and at the same time, we will identify patterns of marginalization or social exclusion that these African migrants and their descendants experienced from dominant structures and receiving society.Keywords: africans, afrodescendents, argentina.
Application of deterministic distributed hydrological model for large catchment: a case study at Vu Gia Thu Bon catchment, Vietnam
Authors: Vo Ngoc Duong , Gourbesville Philippe
Published: March 2016

In order to create a tool to help hydrologists and authorities to have good understanding about occurrences in stream flow regime together with its variation in the future under the impact of climate change in the Vu Gia Thu Bon catchment, a deterministic distributed hydrological model has been developed and constructed. This model covers the major processes in the hydrologic cycle including rainfall, evapotranspiration, overland flow, unsaturated flow, groundwater flow, channel flow, and their interactions. The model is calibrated and validated against the daily data recorded at seven stations during 1991–2000 and 2001–2010, respectively. The quality of results is demonstrated by Nash–Sutcliffe and correlation coefficients that reach 0.82 and 0.92, respectively, in discharge comparison. With water levels, the obtained coefficients are lower but the quality of results still remains high; Nash–Sutcliffe and correlation coefficients reach 0.77 and 0.89, respectively, in the upstream part of the catchment. This analysis demonstrates the performance of the deterministic distributed modeling approach in simulating hydrological processes one more time; it also confirms the usefulness of this model with ungauged catchments or large catchments. Additionally, this analysis proves the role of multi-calibration in increasing the accuracy of hydrological models for large catchments.
Prediction of maximum scour depth around piers with debris accumulation using EPR, MT, and GEP models
Authors: Najafzadeh Mohammad , Rezaie Balf Mohammad , Rashedi Esmat
Published: March 2016

Pier scour phenomena in the presence of debris accumulation have attracted the attention of engineers to present a precise prediction of the local scour depth. Most experimental studies of pier scour depth with debris accumulation have been performed to find an accurate formula to predict the local scour depth. However, an empirical equation with appropriate capacity of validation is not available to evaluate the local scour depth. In this way, gene-expression programming (GEP), evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), and model tree (MT) based formulations are used to develop to predict the scour depth around bridge piers with debris effects. Laboratory data sets utilized to perform models are collected from different literature. Effective parameters on the local scour depth include geometric characterizations of bridge piers and debris, physical properties of bed sediment, and approaching flow characteristics. The efficiency of the training stages for the GEP, MT, and EPR models are investigated. Performances of the testing results for these models are compared with the traditional approaches based on regression methods. The uncertainty prediction of the MT was quantified and compared with those of existing models. Also, sensitivity analysis was performed to assign effective parameters on the scour depth prediction.
Botulism (type A) in a horse - case report
Authors: Kasap Sevim , Batmaz Hasan , Kocatürk Meriç , Gessler Frank , Catık Serkan , Topal Onur
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the case of a six year-old, male, thoroughbred horse with clinical signs of inappetence, weakness, and incoordination when walking. Clinical examination showed that the horse staggered and leaned to the left side. Feedstuff was present inside and around its mouth. Salivation was increased and there was no reflex at the palpebrae and tongue. The horse had difficulty swallowing and the tone of its tail was reduced. Botulism was diagnosed based on the clinical signs. Antibiotic (ceftiofur) and fluid-electrolyte treatment was commenced. Next day, neostigmin was added to the horse’s treatment, and it became recumbent. The horse’s palpebral, tongue and tail reflexes returned partially after neostigmine methylsulphate treatment on the same day and it stood up on day four. However, it could not swallow anything during the whole week, so after getting permission from the owner, the horse was euthanized on day 10. Samples of the colonic content and blood serum were sent by courier to the laboratory for toxin neutralization, however, botulinum neurotoxins could not be detected. After that, serum samples from days 6 and 10 were sent to another laboratory for testing for botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by ELISA. Specific antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin type A were measured, indicating a previous, immuno-relevant contact with the toxin. This seroconversion for type A supports the clinical botulism diagnosis. Type A botulism is rarely seen in Europe and has been detected in a horse in Turkey for the first time.
Suspected neospora-associated myocarditis in a dog
Authors: Agudelo Carlos F. , Petrášová Jana , Honajzerová Petra
Published: March 2016

Neosporosis was diagnosed in an American Staffordshire Terrier with collapse and arrhythmia episodes by serological and cardiovascular examination. Clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment ofNeospora caninumare described. The dog did not develop any neurological abnormality, which is the most common manifestation. Furthermore, the dog was also serologically positive for antibodies toToxoplasma gondiiand negative forBartonella henselaeandBorrelia burgdorferi. Serological diagnosis was achieved by indirect immunofluorescence. The arrhythmia, cardiac markers, biochemistry, complete blood count and clinical signs gradually improved following therapy with clindamycin and antiarrhythmic therapy. After 3 months of therapyToxoplasma gondiititres persisted low butNeospora caninumtitres changed to negative values. According to the veterinary literature and to the authors’ knowledge this was one of the few cases successfully treated for this condition. These observations demonstrated that neosporosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocarditis in dogs and can be successfully treated by supportive therapy and clindamycin.
Can Compensation Prevent Impoverishment? Reforming Resettlement through Investments and Benefit-Sharing Edited by Michael M. Cernea & Hari Mohan Mathur
Authors: Messerschmidt Don
Published: March 2016

Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 55-56
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation offers greater improvement in COPD-related respiratory failure when combined with naloxone
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhao Wei , Xu Qinfu , Zhao Yumiao , Zhao Junjie , Ren Yin-long , Liu Yu-jing , Li Jing , Xu Ai-Guo
Published: March 2016

To improve efficacy of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), this study investigated the combination of NPPV with naloxone in COPD patients with respiratory failure. One hundred four patients with COPD-related respiratory failure were enrolled prospectively and randomly divided into a control group treated with NPPV alone (n = 52) and an observation group treated with NPPV combined with 4.0 mg naloxone by continuous infusion (n = 52). At 3 and 5 days after the start of treatment, the respiratory mechanics, pulmonary function, and oxygen metabolism parameters were significantly improved in the NPPV + naloxone group compared to the NPPV alone group (p<0.05). Further, the improvements in the NPPV plus naloxone group were greater at day 5 than at day 3 (p<0.05). These findings indicate that non-invasive positive pressure ventilation combined with naloxone can more effectively improve respiratory mechanics, pulmonary function and oxygen metabolism of COPD patients with respiratory failure than NPPV alone, offering a new treatment approach.

 
Melanocytes Affect Nodal Expression and Signaling in Melanoma Cells: A Lesson from Pediatric Large Congenital Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Margaryan Naira , Gilgur Alina , Seftor Elisabeth , Purnell Chad , Arva Nicoleta , Gosain Arun , Hendrix Mary , Strizzi Luigi
Published: March 2016

Expression of Nodal, a Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) related growth factor, is associated with aggressive melanoma. Nodal expression in adult dysplastic nevi may predict the development of aggressive melanoma in some patients. A subset of pediatric patients diagnosed with giant or large congenital melanocytic nevi (LCMN) has shown increased risk for development of melanoma. Here, we investigate whether Nodal expression can help identify the rare cases of LCMN that develop melanoma and shed light on why the majority of these patients do not. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining results show varying degree of Nodal expression in pediatric dysplastic nevi and LCMN. Moreover, median scores from Nodal IHC expression analysis were not significantly different between these two groups. Additionally, none of the LCMN patients in this study developed melanoma, regardless of Nodal IHC levels. Co-culture experiments revealed reduced tumor growth and lower levels of Nodal and its signaling molecules P-SMAD2 and P-ERK1/2 when melanoma cells were grown in vivo or in vitro with normal melanocytes. The same was observed in melanoma cells cultured with melanocyte conditioned media containing pigmented melanocyte derived melanosomes (MDM). Since MDM contain molecules capable of inactivating radical oxygen species, to investigate potential anti-oxidant effect of MDM on Nodal expression and signaling in melanoma, melanoma cells were treated with either N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a component of the anti-oxidant glutathione or synthetic melanin, which in addition to providing pigmentation can also exert free radical scavenging activity. Melanoma cells treated with NAC or synthetic melanin showed reduced levels of Nodal, P-SMAD2 and P-ERK1/2 compared to untreated melanoma cells. Thus, the potential role for Nodal in melanoma development in LCMN is less evident than in adult dysplastic nevi possibly due to melanocyte cross-talk in LCMN capable of offsetting or delaying the pro-melanoma effects of Nodal via anti-oxidant effects of MDM.
A Survey on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Routing Protocols
Authors: Li Ning , Martínez José-Fernán , Meneses Chaus Juan , Eckert Martina
Published: March 2016

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as ocean monitoring, pollution detection, ocean resource management, underwater device maintenance, etc. In underwater acoustic sensor networks, since the routing protocol guarantees reliable and effective data transmission from the source node to the destination node, routing protocol design is an attractive topic for researchers. There are many routing algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To present the current state of development of UASN routing protocols, we review herein the UASN routing protocol designs reported in recent years. In this paper, all the routing protocols have been classified into different groups according to their characteristics and routing algorithms, such as the non-cross-layer design routing protocol, the traditional cross-layer design routing protocol, and the intelligent algorithm based routing protocol. This is also the first paper that introduces intelligent algorithm-based UASN routing protocols. In addition, in this paper, we investigate the development trends of UASN routing protocols, which can provide researchers with clear and direct insights for further research.
High-Order Interference Effect Introduced by Polarization Mode Coupling in Polarization—Maintaining Fiber and Its Identification
Authors: Li Chuang , Yang Jun , Yu Zhangjun , Yuan Yonggui , Zhang Jianzhong , Wu Bing , Peng Feng , Yuan Libo
Published: March 2016

The high-order interference (HOI)—The interferogram introduced by polarization mode couplings (PMC) of multiple perturbations—Will cause misjudgment of the realistic coupling points in polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) which is tested with a white light interferometer (WLI) with large dynamic range. We present an optical path tracking (OPT) method for simplifying the analysis of HOI, and demonstrate the enhancement and suppression conditions for the HOIs. A strategy is proposed to readily identify HOI by altering the spliced angle between polarizers’ pigtails and the PMF under test. Moreover, a PMF experiment with two perturbation points, for simplicity, is given as an example. As a result, all the characteristic interferograms including HOIs can be distinguished through just four measurements. Utilizing this identification method, we can estimate the realistic coupling points in PMFs and distinguish them from the interference signals including numerous HOIs.
Diets and trophic guilds of aquatic insects in Molino River, La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Granados-Martínez Cristian , Zúñiga-Céspedes Bladimir , Acuña-Vargas Julio
Published: March 2016

Aquatic insects are considered a key component for stream food webs because of their contribution to the flow of energy from basal resources to the top predators. For this reason, the study of trophic guilds on aquatic insects is necessary to understand the transformation of energy and matter in stream ecosystems. The study of trophic guilds on aquatic insects has been widely documented in temperate streams. In contrast, little is known about feeding habits and trophic guilds in Neotropical streams. However, several lines of evidence indicate that aquatic insects in the Neotropical region are generally omnivores and that the Fine Particulate Organic Matter (FPOM) is the main food item. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the diets and the trophic guilds of aquatic insects in an unexplored region of northern Colombia (Molino River, La Guajira). Aquatic insects were sampled using a Surber net, covering the different kind of substrates over a 100 m reach. Samples were sorted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. We analyzed 250 guts of aquatic insects belonging to six orders, nine families, and 10 genera (Leptonema, Chimarra, Anacroneuria, Nectopsyche, Tabanus, Simulium, Pseudodisersus, Corydalus, Camelobaetidius, and Baetodes). We found that FPOM, algae, and animal tissue were the most important food items in the gut content of the aquatic insects at the Molino River. Our results suggest that aquatic insects in the Molino River are generally detritivores, highlighting the importance of the dead organic matter in Neotropical streams. We reported -for the first time- the trophic guilds of the genera Nectopsyche and Pseudodisersus, which were categorized as herbivorous. Our results suggest that aquatic insects in the Molino River exploit a variety of food resources and emphasize the importance of the study of feeding habits on aquatic insects in unexplored Neotropical streams.
A Review of Systemic Treatment in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zeichner Simon B. , Terawaki Hiromi , Gogineni Keerthi
Published: March 2016

Patients with breast cancer along with metastatic estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR)- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors are referred to as having metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) disease. Although there have been many new treatment options approved by the Food and Drug Administration for ER/PR-positive and Her2/neu-amplified metastatic breast cancer, relatively few new agents have been approved for patients with mTNBC. There have been several head-to-head chemotherapy trials performed within the metastatic setting, and much of what is applied in clinical practice is extrapolated from chemotherapy trials in the adjuvant setting, with taxanes and anthracyclines incorporated early on in the patient's treatment course. Select synergistic combinations can produce faster and more significant response rates compared with monotherapy and are typically used in the setting of visceral threat or symptomatic disease. Preclinical studies have implicated other possible targets and mechanisms in mTNBC. Ongoing clinical trials are underway assessing new chemotherapeutic strategies and agents, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we evaluate the standard systemic and future treatment options in mTNBC.
Antiretroviral Drugs-Loaded Nanoparticles Fabricated by Dispersion Polymerization with Potential for HIV/AIDS Treatment
Authors: Ogunwuyi Oluwaseun , Kumari Namita , Smith Kahli A. , Bolshakov Oleg , Adesina Simeon , Gugssa Ayele , Anderson Winston A. , Nekhai Sergei , Akala Emmanuel O.
Published: March 2016

Highly active antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (HAART) for chronic suppression of HIV replication has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS. HAART is no panacea; treatments must be maintained for life. Although great progress has been made in ARV therapy, HIV continues to replicate in anatomical and intracellular sites where ARV drugs have restricted access. Nanotechnology has been considered a platform to circumvent some of the challenges in HIV/AIDS treatment. Dispersion polymerization was used to fabricate two types (PMM and ECA) of polymeric nanoparticles, and each was successfully loaded with four ARV drugs (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and raltegravir), followed by physicochemical characterization: scanning electron microscope, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, and in vitro availability. These nanoparticles efficiently inhibited HIV-1 infection in CEM T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells; they hold promise for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The ARV-loaded nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol on the corona may facilitate tethering ligands for targeting specific receptors expressed on the cells of HIV reservoirs.
Integrating Water Treatment into Antenatal Care: Impact on Use of Maternal Health Services and Household Water Treatment by Mothers—Rural Uganda, 2013
Authors: Matanock Almea , Anderson Tara , Ayers Tracy , Likicho Lilian , Wamimbi Richard , Lu Xin , Emeetai Thomas , Kakande Celia , Mutabazi Miriam , Quick Robert
Published: March 2016

To increase maternal health service use and household water treatment (HWT), free water treatment kits were provided at first antenatal care (ANC) visits and free water treatment sachet refills were provided at follow-up ANC visits, delivery, and postnatal visits in 46 health facilities in rural Uganda. We evaluated the impact by surveying 226 women in the initiative (intervention group) and 207 women who received ANC before the initiative began (comparison group). There was no differences in the percentages of intervention and comparison group women with ≥ 4 ANC visits; however, a higher percentage of intervention group women reported treating their drinking water (31.7% versus 19.7%, P = 0.01), and had free chlorine residual in stored water (13.5% versus 3.4%, P = 0.02) than comparison group women. The intervention did not appear to motivate increased maternal health service use, but demonstrated improvements in HWT.
Problem-based learning on cell biology and ecophysiology using integrated laboratory and computational activities
Authors: Sousa C.
Published: March 2016

Since all the known biological systems require water for their basic biochemical processes, one can find several osmoregulation mechanisms on living organisms for adaptation to related environmental challenges. Osmosis is a cellular mechanism of water movement across membranes which is known to be present throughout the tree of life and occurs by either diffusion across the membrane bilayer or by a faster movement mediated by transmembrane channel proteins, called aquaporins. The expression of aquaporins is regulated at, the cellular level, by environment conditions such as hydric stress, therefore allowing the adaptation of organisms to increase salinity in soils, water deprivation and increase beverage intake. 

Osmosis and diffusion concepts have been described to be difficult to learn, so, in order to promote meaningfull learning, we used a problem-based learning approach that integrates a laboratory activity and a computer simulation model of osmosis and a two phase conceptual mapping.

We observed that high school students developed adequate laboratory skills and were able to communicate their results as text and using scientific drawings; and the learning environment was adequate. Therefore we presented a successful implementation case of integrated PBL, in a public portuguese school, that may constitute an example to facilitate the implementation of active inquiry strategies by other teachers, as well as the basis for future research.
Glacier melting and precipitation trends detected by surface area changes in Himalayan ponds
Authors: Salerno Franco , Thakuri Sudeep , Guyennon Nicolas , Viviano Gaetano , Tartari Gianni
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Climatic time series for high-elevation Himalayan regions are decidedly scarce. Although glacier shrinkage is now sufficiently well described, the changes in precipitation and temperature at these elevations are less clear. This contribution shows that the surface area variations of unconnected glacial ponds, i.e., ponds not directly connected to glaciers, can be considered suitable proxies for detecting changes in the main hydrological components of the water balance on the south side of Mt. Everest. Glacier melt and precipitation trends have been inferred by analyzing the surface area variations of ponds with various degrees of glacial coverage within the basin. In general, unconnected ponds over the last fifty years (1963–2013 period) have decreased significantly by approximately 10 %. We inferred an increase in precipitation occurred until the mid-1990s followed by a decrease until recent years. Until the 1990s, glacier melt was constant. An increase occurred in the early 2000s, and in the recent years, contrasting the observed glacier reduction, a declining trend in maximum temperature has decreased the glacier melt.
Structural basis for germline antibody recognition of HIV-1 immunogens
Authors: Scharf Louise , West Anthony P , Sievers Stuart A , Chen Courtney , Jiang Siduo , Gao Han , Gray Matthew D , McGuire Andrew T , Scheid Johannes F , Nussenzweig Michel C , Stamatatos Leonidas , Bjorkman Pamela J
Published: March 2016

Efforts to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 require understanding germline bNAb recognition of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). The VRC01-class bNAb family derived from the VH1-2*02 germline allele arose in multiple HIV-1–infected donors, yet targets the CD4-binding site on Env with common interactions. Modified forms of the 426c Env that activate germline-reverted B cell receptors are candidate immunogens for eliciting VRC01-class bNAbs. We present structures of germline-reverted VRC01-class bNAbs alone and complexed with 426c-based gp120 immunogens. Germline bNAb–426c gp120 complexes showed preservation of VRC01-class signature residues and gp120 contacts, but detectably different binding modes compared to mature bNAb-gp120 complexes. Unlike typical antibody-antigen interactions, VRC01–class germline antibodies exhibited preformed antigen-binding conformations for recognizing immunogens. Affinity maturation introduced substitutions increasing induced-fit recognition and electropositivity, potentially to accommodate negatively-charged complex-type N-glycans on gp120. These results provide general principles relevant to the unusual evolution of VRC01–class bNAbs and guidelines for structure-based immunogen design.
Learn the 5 keys to boosting effectiveness of your cybersecurity program
Authors: Grossman Stephen A. , Roy Priya
Published: March 2016

Colleges and universities are a treasure trove of information for hackers, from intellectual property rights and research data collection to student and staff financial information and Social Security numbers.
Listening can create magic
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: March 2016

My administrative assistant and I have been together for five years. She came into my office the other day and said, “You know those articles you write? You want an idea for one?” Never one to turn down some creative help, I said, “Sure!” She remarked that over the years she'd watched people come and go from my office. “I don't know what you do in there, but people always leave happier than they went in,” she said. “I call it magic! Write about that!” I thanked her for the compliment and the idea.
New database tracks Title IX federal investigations
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2016

The Chronicle of Higher Education has launched a new free resource for campus security officials and campus officials to track the federal investigations of colleges for possible violations of gender equity laws protected under Title IX, specifically those involving allegations of sexual violence. The project tracks all investigations either currently open or resolved since April 4, 2011, when the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights issued a “Dear Colleague Letter” to campuses, urging officials to resolve student reports of alleged assaults.
When in doubt, aspirate
Authors: Blankenship James C.
Published: March 2016

Key Points

Coronary embolization accounts for about 2% of ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI).

Thrombus aspiration may be particularly effective in these cases and may prevent the need for coronary stenting.

Despite recent guidelines assigning a class III recommendation to routine thrombus aspiration, selective thrombus aspiration based on angiographic appearance may be effective.
Duration of dual anti‐platelet therapy following drug eluting stents
Authors: Bang Vigyan V. , Levy Michael S.
Published: March 2016

Key Points

This meta‐analysis suggests that abbreviated DAPT (<6 months) could be considered in patients undergoing PCI with current generation drug eluting stents (DES).

Extended DAPT strategy (>1 year) may be appropriate in those patients in whom prevention of stent and non‐stent‐related coronary events are likely to offset the bleeding complications.

Additional randomized trials are needed to evaluate the optimum duration of DAPT in patients with the latest generation DES and current antiplatelet drugs.
Back to nature: A more natural alternative to the PTFE covered stent: Twenty‐two years in the making
Authors: Heuser Richard R.
Published: March 2016

Key Points

The introduction of easily deployed covered stents has made PCI safer.

The homemade venous and PTFE covered stent were effective but not practical for sealing perforations.

The novel pericardial covered stent graft goes back to a more natural covering and is more easily deployed.
Iatrogenic atrial septal defect after implantation of MitraClip device: treatment to whom and when?
Authors: Lakkas L. S.
Published: March 2016

Successful MitraClip implantation, although deteriorates mitral regurgitation, leads inevitably to the presence of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect, because of the large guiding catheter used. Half of them will close immediately after implantation of the device, in the next 6 months, but the remaining may persist. Although the primary effect of their existence, is associated with a relatively small left to right shunt, relieving left atrium from chronic elevated pressure, there is not enough data in the literature concerning progression in time, leading to the question, whether they should be closed or not. This is a case report of a patient with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation, treated by implantation of two MitraClip devices, with concomitant iatrogenic atrial septal defect and left to right shunt.
Cardiac CT for the Interventional Cardiologist
Authors: Jones D. A. , Cospite V. , Pugliese F.
Published: March 2016

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a rapidly evolving imaging modality that has developed quickly over the last decade, to establish itself as a robust non‐invasive method to assess coronary artery disease. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic coronary stenosis with cardiac CT has been favorably compared with invasive coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and importantly may help improve risk stratification and predict prognosis. Cardiac CT can visualize coronary artery bypass grafts with high diagnostic accuracy, with the evaluation of stents improving all the time. Importantly for the interventional cardiologist, it has evolved into a crucial tool assisting in the planning of both coronary and structural heart interventions, with transcatheter aortic valve implantation the most successful example. With its resemblance to IVUS in the capability to assess both the lumen and vessel wall, cardiac CT provides additional information on the composition of the lesion and reference segments which might allow accurate selection of devices, potentially leading to complete lesion coverage, less incomplete stent apposition, and larger postprocedural diameters. An understanding of the uses of CT and keeping up to date with evolving CT technology is critical for the interventional cardiologist as the use of CT continues to evolve and establish itself as an everyday adjunct to cardiac intervention.

Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4193301/Activity.aspx
Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in interventional cardiology
Authors: Mavrogeni S. , Kolovou G.
Published: March 2016

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has the inherent capability to perform tissue characterization, assessment of disease severity, myocardial inflammation, ventricular function, perfusion and fibrosis without radiation exposure. All these advantages of CMR can be perfectly well applied in interventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (iCMR) providing high‐quality images during interventional procedures. CMR, as an innovating imaging technique, can (1) provide reliable information about the pattern of myocardial perfusion‐fibrosis in both ischemic and non‐ischemic heart disease and (2) guide the traditional interventional procedures. iCMR, by using excellent tissue imaging, can create a surrogate for direct visualization and offer multiplanar views and real‐time functional imaging without ionizing radiation. These images can facilitate the utilization of interventional procedures and promote the innovation of new interventional approaches.

Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4193437/Activity.aspx
Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: indications diversity and future perspectives
Authors: Tzikas A. , Lewalter T.
Published: March 2016

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a promising alternative to oral anti‐coagulation in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. Recently, four‐year results of PROTECT‐AF demonstrated superiority of LAAO in all‐cause mortality and stroke reduction compared to optimal medical treatment with warfarin. In this new era, it is important to identify the patients who would benefit more from LAAO and offer them priority for treatment.

Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4193475/Activity.aspx
Echocardiography in interventional cardiology
Authors: Henein M. Y.
Published: March 2016

Over the last two decades, cardiology practice has experienced fast development of new interventional diagnostic and treatment procedures. While most procedures are cath lab based, the use of echocardiography as an imaging technique has become an integral part. In addition to the important use of transesophageal echocardiography in aortic and mitral valve surgery, it has now become an essential imaging technique for transcatheter aortic valve replacement and MitraClip procedures. Likewise, atrial septal procedures—whether hall closure or puncture for mitral valvuloplasty—are both performed under transesophageal echo guidance. Even ventricular procedures, for example alcohol septal reduction and pericardiocentesis, are performed under direct echo imaging. Thus, Doppler echocardiography has become an integral component of most cardiac procedures where operators need to have optimum skills as what to look for at different stages of the procedure.

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ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLSTRUKTUR EINER TRIKLINEN MODIFIKATION VON URANPENTACHLORID
Authors: MUELLER ULRICH , KOLITSCH WERNER
Published: March 2016

Aus einer Lösung kristallisiert Uranpentachlorid bei Zimmertemperatur in einer triklinen Modifikation (Raumgruppe P1).
ChemInform Abstract: DAS SYSTEM BA2SM0,67(1‐X)LA(0,67X)UO6
Authors: SCHITTENHELM H.‐J. , KEMMLER‐SACK S.
Published: March 2016

Im System Ba2Sm0,67(1‐x)La0,67XUO6 reicht die Grenze der Perowskitphase bis zu x ∼ 0,33.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUM LEITFAEHIGKEITSVERHALTEN VON PHOSPHAT‐ UND AGCUSE/AS2SE3‐GLAESERN NACH STRAHLENCHEMISCHER UMWANDLUNG
Authors: KOLDITZ LOTHAR , MAETZING HANS‐DIETER
Published: March 2016

Anhand von Leitfähigkeitsmessungen am System K2O/Ag2O/T12O/P2O5 wird untersucht, ob durch eine Bildung von Metallclustern bei γ‐Bestrahlung die elektronische Leitfähigkeit erhöht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETISCHE MESSUNGEN IN DEN SYSTEMEN CO‐SE, NI‐SE UND CO‐NI‐SE
Authors: KOMAREK K. L. , REIFFENSTEIN E. , TERZIEFF P.
Published: March 2016

An den B8‐ und C2‐Phasen der im Titel genannten Systeme werden mittels einer Kompensationsmethode nach Faraday magnetische Untersuchungen durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOLID PHASES IN AG‐TE SYSTEM
Authors: ZALESKA EWA
Published: March 2016

Durch EMK‐Messungen an einem galvanischen Element werden die thermodynamischen Funktionen der Bildung aller fester Phasen im System Ag‐Te bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON STABILITY OF COMPLEXES (CLHCL)(‐), (NO3HO3N)(‐), (HSO4HO4SH)(‐) AND STRENGTH OF ACIDS HCL, HNO3, AND H2SO4 IN ACETONE
Authors: PAWLAK ZENON , JASINSKI TADEUSZ , DOBROGOWSKA CELINA
Published: March 2016

Das Verhalten von HCl, HNO3 und H2SO4 bei Neutralisationsreaktionen mit N‐ haltigen Basen (B) in Aceton wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MODERNE METHODEN ZUM STUDIUM VON ELEKTRODENVORGAENGEN
Authors: HEITBAUM JOACHIM , VIELSTICH WOLF
Published: March 2016

Zur Erforschung von Elektrodenvorgängen genügt es nicht mehr, Strom‐Spannungs‐ kurven oder Ladekurven zu messen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNSTABLE INTERMEDIATES PART 150, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, NITROGEN TRIOXIDE, AND NITRATE(2‐) IN IRRADIATED LEAD(II) NITRATE, ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE EVIDENCE FOR ELECTRON TRANSFER TO AND FROM LEAD(II) ION
Authors: SYMONS MARTYN C. R. , WEST DOUGLAS X. , WILKINSON JAMES G.
Published: March 2016

Alle drei im Titel genannten Radikale haben ESR‐Spektren mit Satellitenlinien, . die 207Pb‐Hyperfeinkomponenten zuzuordnen sind.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN MIT STICKSTOFFTRIFLUORID 7. MITT. UEBER REAKTIONEN VON STICKSTOFFTRIFLUORID MIT PHOSPHOR‐SCHWEFEL‐VERBINDUNGEN UND CALCIUMPHOSPHID
Authors: TASAKA A. , GLEMSER O.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktionen von NF3 mit P4S3, P4S10 werden unter Variation der Reaktionstemperatur und der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des NF3 studiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DAS KAEFIGMOLEKUEL P2AS2S3
Authors: LEIVA A.‐M. , FLUCK E. , MUELLER H. , WALLENWEIN G.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion von P4S3 mit As2S3 im abgeschmolzenen Rohr bei 500°C wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE VON URANHEXACHLORID UND URANPENTACHLORIDAZID
Authors: KOLITSCH WERNER , MUELLER ULRICH
Published: March 2016

UCl6 , für das eine verbesserte Darstellungsvorschrift angegeben wird,′läßt sich mit Chloridionen zum Hexachlorouranat(V) und mit wasserstoffhaltigen Lösungsmitteln wie H2CCl2 zu Uranpentachlorid reduzieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND KRISTALLSTRUKTUR VON KMNP UND KMNAS
Authors: LINOWSKY L. , BRONGER W.
Published: March 2016

KMnP und KMnAs konnten aus den Elementen im abgeschlossenen System bei 800°C dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVOLYSIS OF EXO‐TETRACYCLO(4,3,1,0(3,8),0(7,9))DEC‐2‐YL DERIVATIVES, A REFERENCE SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ANCHIMERIC ASSISTANCE BY REMOTE CYCLOPROPANE RINGS
Authors: ELLEN G. , KLUMPP G. W.
Published: March 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit systematischen Untersuchungen über die Solvolyse von polycyclischen Tosylaten werden die aus den entsprechenden Carbinolen (Ia) und (IIa) nach üblichen Methoden hergestellten Tosylate (Ib) und (IIb) der Acetolyse unterworfen und hierbei ohne Umlagerung die Acetate (Ic) bzw. (IIc) neben den entsprechenden Carbinolen erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE STEVENSUMLAGERUNG VON SUCCINIMIDOSULFONIUMSALZEN
Authors: VILSMAIER E. , DITTRICH K. H. , SPRUEGEL W.
Published: March 2016

N‐Chlorsuccinimid (I) reagiert mit den Sulfiden (II) zu den Suecinimido‐sulfonium‐ Salzen (IIIa)‐(IIId),‐ die beim Erhitzen auf 80°C in Succinimid (IV) und z.B. das Sulfid (V) zerfallen, während mit Triäthylamin aus (III) die 0‐ (VI) und N‐substituierten Succinimide (VII) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY PART 4, THE REACTION OF BETAINES WITH SINGLET OXYGEN
Authors: TAKESHITA HITOSHI , MORI AKIRA , OHTA SHUMEI
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation des Betains (IIIa) in Chloroform in Gegenwart von Methylenblau ergibt die Produkte (Ia) und (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE CARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN 14. MITT. OXIDATION VON ACETYLENALKOHOLEN UND ‐GLYKOLEN MIT NICKELPEROXID
Authors: GAVRILOV L. D. , KLOPOTOVA M. I. , VERESHCHAGIN L. I.
Published: March 2016

Bei Oxidationen der Acetylenalkohole (II) mit Ni2O3 in siedendem Benzol entstehen die Ketone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF 1,1,1‐TRIMETHYLHYDRAZINIUM 3‐METHOXYCARBONYLPYRAZOLE‐5‐CARBOXYLATE, A TYPICAL NOVEL INTERMEDIATE FOR ACID‐ESTER SYNTHESIS
Authors: NEMATOLLAHI J. , KASINA S.
Published: March 2016

Der Dicarbonsäuredimethylester (I) liefert mit dem Dimethylhydrazin (II) das Dimethylhydraziniummonosalz (III), dessen Hydrolyse den Dicarbonsäurehalbester (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ORGANOBORANES WITH FERRIC CHLORIDE AND THIOCYANATE, CONVENIENT SYNTHESES OF ALKYL‐CHLORIDES AND THIOCYANATES FROM OLEFINS VIA HYDROBORATION
Authors: ARASE AKIRA , MASUDA YUZURU , SUZUKI AKIRA
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der Trialkyl‐ bzw. Tricycloalkylborane (I) a) mit Fe(III)‐chlorid bzw. b) mit Fe‐thiocyanat werden die entsprechenden Chloride (II) bzw. Thiocyanate (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS VIA OXAZOLINES PART 9, AN ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF 2‐METHOXY AND 2‐CHLOROALKANOIC ACIDS
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , KNAUS G. , KENDALL P. M.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Aminoalkohol (I) erhält man mit den entsprechenden Iminoäther‐hydroehloriden (II) die Oxazoline (IIIa)‐(IIId), die nach Umwandlung in die Li‐Derivate mit Lithium‐diisopropylamid mit den Alkylierungsmitteln zu (IV) substituiert und dann sauer zu den Carbonsäuren (V) verseift werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF ALPHA,N‐HYDROXYAMINO ACIDS
Authors: AHMAD AFZAL
Published: March 2016

Die Hydroxylaminosäuren (I) disproportionieren unterhalb von pH 7 zu den Oxirninosäuren (II) und den Aminosäuren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: KONJUGIERTE HALOGENIERUNG UNGESAETTIGTER VERBINDUNGEN 9. MITT. KONJUGIERTE CHLORIERUNG VON METHYLMETHACRYLAT
Authors: BOGUSLAVSKAYA L. S. , BROVKINA G. V. , YAROVYKH K. V. , SINEOKOV A. P.
Published: March 2016

Die Chlorierung von Methylmethacrylat (I) mit C1, (a) oder Hexachlormelamin (b,c) in Acetanhydrid, Methanol bzw. HF liefert Gemische nur geringer Mengen des Dichlor derivats (II) mit den Produkten (III) und (IV) von konjugierten Chlorierungen; außerdem entstehen in diesen Fällen dimere Produkte des Typs (V) (Ausbeute bis zu 15%).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOBUTANONES, USING METHYL METHYLTHIOMETHYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: OGURA K. , YAMASHITA M. , SUZUKI M. , TSUCHIHASHI G.
Published: March 2016

Methyl‐methylthiomethyl‐sulfoxid (I) reagiert mit 1,3‐Dibrom‐propan (II) unter Annahme der Zwischenstufen (III)‐(V) im Sinne einer Stevens‐Umlagerung zu dem Cyclobutanon‐Derivat (VI), das zu (VII) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ALKYL‐2‐HYDROXY‐2‐CYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES
Authors: SATO KIKUMASA , INOUE SEIICHI , OHASHI MASAO
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation der Ester (I) liefert die Diketon‐enole (II); (IIa) gibt beim Erhitzen mit HCl die Verbindung (III), die als eine Komponente des Kaffee‐Aromas′ aufgefunden worden ist.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐ADDITION VON VINYL‐MG‐BROMID AN KONJUGIERTE ENONE IN GEGENWART VON CUJ UND ISOPROPYLSULFID
Authors: ALEXANDRE CHRISTIAN , ROUESSAC FRANCIS
Published: March 2016

Die Addition von Vinyl‐Mg‐bromid (II) an das Enon (Ia) in THF/Isopropylsulfid in Gegenwart von CuJ ergibt nach anschließender Hydrolyse mit Ammoniumchlorid das Keton (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐T‐BUTYL‐5‐METHYLANISOLE
Authors: SUZUKI K. , TAKAMIYA N. , MURAI S.
Published: March 2016

Die Methylierung von m‐Kresol (I) mit Methanol (II) ergibt das m‐Methylanisol (III), das mit tert.‐Butanol (IV) zu 2‐tert.‐Butyl‐5‐methylanisol (V) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CONFORMATIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSTRATE AND INHIBITOR ON ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
Authors: COCOLAS G. H. , CRANFORD J. G. , CHOI H. S. Y.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐nitrobenzolen (I) entstehen die Aminophenole (II), die zu den Ammoniumsalzen (III) quaterniert und dann mit Anhydriden zu (IV) acyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SELECTIVE ORTHO‐FORMYLATION OF PHENOLS
Authors: GASMAN P. G. , AMICK D. R.
Published: March 2016

Aus N‐Chlor‐anilin (I) erhält man mit 1,3‐Dithian (II) in Gegenwart von Basen das o‐Substitutionsprodukt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DIALKYLAMINOAETHOXYIMINO‐PROPANE 12. MITT. UEBER UNGESAETTIGTE OXIME
Authors: UNTERHALT B. , KOEHLER H.
Published: March 2016

Umsetzung von Aceton‐ bzw. Pentanon‐oxim (I) mit den frisch destillierten β‐Chloräthylaminen (II) in Gegenwart von Natriumäthylat in Äthanol oder Tetrahydrofuran führt in 30‐40%iger Ausbeute zu den Oximäthern (III), deren saure Hydrolyse die β‐Dialkylaminoäthoxyamine (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: KONDENSATION PRIMAERER AMINE MIT PARAFORMALDEHYD UND THIOCARBONSAEUREN
Authors: LYSENKO N. M.
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensationen der Amine (I) (analog auch von Äthanolamin) in Dioxan zunächst mit Paraformaldehyd bei 25°C und nachfolgend den Thiocarbonsäuren (II) bei ‐l 5°C im Molverhältnis 1:1:1 lassen sich die Acylmercaptomethylamine (III) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF QUINONES WITH AROMATIC ETHERS PART 3, ARYLBENZOQUINONES AND DIBENZOFURANS FROM 2,5‐ AND 2,6‐DICHLOROBENZOQUINONE AND VERATROLE
Authors: MUSGRAVE OLIVER C. , WEBSTER COLIN J.
Published: March 2016

Das Dichlorbenzochinon (I) reagiert mit Veratrol (II) in 70%iger H2SO4 zu dem Triphenylen (III) sowie dem Arylchinon (IVa) und dem Diarylchinon (IVb).