bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Physical Education Games on Mathematics Achievement in a Sample of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (Preprint)
Authors: Alsalhe Tariq A. , Luigi Nicola
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Innovative techniques for teaching to students with intellectual disabilities are applied across the world, since conventional methods do not work efficaciously for them. In this investigation, an innovative method was applied to teach simple mathematics problems to students with intellectual disability.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of physical education (PE) games on mathematics achievements in a sample of students with intellectual disabilities in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

Participants of this study were 34 students with intellectual disabilities from inclusive middle school in Riyadh city. Participants were randomly recruited and, based on severity of their intellectual disability, allocated to an experimental and a control group. The former studied mathematics in PE classes, whereas the control group studied mathematics in pure mathematics classrooms.

RESULTS

Results showed significant improvements in post- versus pre-test in both groups. However, participants in the experimental group reported higher improvements compared to the participants in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The present investigation seems to recommend the importance of using PE games during classes to improve learning skills, especially mathematics ones.
Authors’ Reply to: Methodological Clarifications and Generalizing From Weibo Data. Comment on “Nature and Diffusion of COVID-19–related Oral Health Information on Chinese Social Media: Analysis of Tweets on Weibo” (Preprint)
Authors: Tao Zhuo-Ying , Su Yu-Xiong
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

N.A
Long-term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Sentiments in Mainland China: Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Posts (Preprint)
Authors: Tan Hao , Peng Sheng-Lan , Zhu Chun-Peng , You Zuo , Miao Ming-Cheng , Kuai Shu-Guang
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 outbreak has induced negative emotions among people. These emotions are expressed by the public on social media and are rapidly spread across the internet, which could cause high levels of panic among the public. Understanding the changes in public sentiment on social media during the pandemic can provide valuable information for developing appropriate policies to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on the public. Previous studies have consistently shown that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a devastating negative impact on public sentiment. However, it remains unclear whether there has been a variation in the public sentiment during the recovery phase of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China by continuously tracking public sentiment on social media throughout 2020.

METHODS

We collected 64,723,242 posts from Sina Weibo, China’s largest social media platform, and conducted a sentiment analysis based on natural language processing to analyze the emotions reflected in these posts.

RESULTS

We found that the COVID-19 pandemic not only affected public sentiment on social media during the initial outbreak but also induced long-term negative effects even in the recovery period. These long-term negative effects were no longer correlated with the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases both locally and nationwide during the recovery period, and they were not attributed to the postpandemic economic recession.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic induced long-term negative effects on public sentiment in mainland China even as the country recovered from the pandemic. Our study findings remind public health and government administrators of the need to pay attention to public mental health even once the pandemic has concluded.
To Use or Not to Use a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Mixed Methods Survey in Wales (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Kerina , Thompson Rachel
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Many countries remain in the grip of the COVID-19 global pandemic, with a considerable journey still ahead toward normalcy and free mobility. Contact tracing smartphone apps are among a raft of measures introduced to reduce spread of the virus, but their uptake depends on public choice.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to ascertain the views of citizens in Wales on their intended use of a COVID-19 contact tracing smartphone app, including self-proposed reasons for or against use and what could lead to a change of decision.

METHODS

We distributed an anonymous survey among 4000 HealthWise Wales participants in May 2020. We adopted a mixed methods approach: responses to closed questions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; open question responses were analyzed and grouped into categories.

RESULTS

A total of 976 (24.4%) people completed the survey. Smartphone usage was 91.5% overall, but this varied among age groups. In total, 97.1% were aware of contact tracing apps, but only 67.2% felt sufficiently informed. Furthermore, 55.7% intended to use an app, 23.3% refused, and 21.0% were unsure. The top reasons for app use were as follows: controlling the spread of the virus, mitigating risks for others and for oneself, and increasing freedoms. The top reasons against app use were as follows: mistrusting the government, concerns about data security and privacy, and doubts about efficacy. The top response for changing one’s mind about app use from being willing to being unwilling was that nothing would; that is, they felt that nothing would cause them to become unwilling to use a contact tracing app. This was also the top response for changing one’s mind from being unwilling to being willing to use contact tracing apps. Among those who were unsure of using contact tracing apps, the top response was the need for more information.

CONCLUSIONS

Respondents demonstrated a keenness to help themselves, others, society, and the government to avoid contracting the virus and to control its spread. However, digital inclusion varied among age groups, precluding participation for some people. Nonetheless, unwillingness was significant, and considering the nature of the concerns raised and the perceived lack of information, policy and decision-makers need to do more to act openly, increase communication, and demonstrate trustworthiness if members of the public are to be confident in using an app.
Types of Racism and Twitter Users’ Responses Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lloret-Pineda Amanda , He Yuelu , Haro Josep Maria , Cristóbal-Narváez Paula
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

When the first COVID-19 cases were noticed in China, many racist comments against Chinese individuals spread. As there is a huge need to better comprehend why all of these targeted comments and opinions developed specifically at the start of the outbreak, we sought to carefully examine racism and advocacy efforts on Twitter in the first quarter of 2020 (January 15 to March 3, 2020).

OBJECTIVE

The first research question aimed to understand the main type of racism displayed on Twitter during the first quarter of 2020. The second research question focused on evaluating Twitter users’ positive and negative responses regarding racism toward Chinese individuals.

METHODS

Content analysis of tweets was utilized to address the two research questions. Using the NCapture browser link and NVivo software, tweets in English and Spanish were pulled from the Twitter data stream from January 15 to March 3, 2020. A total of 19,150 tweets were captured using the advanced Twitter search engine with the keywords and hashtags #nosoyunvirus, #imNotAVirus, #ChineseDon’tComeToJapan, #racism, “No soy un virus,” and “Racismo Coronavirus.” After cleaning the data, a total of 402 tweets were codified and analyzed.

RESULTS

The data confirmed clear sentiments of racism against Chinese individuals during the first quarter of 2020. The tweets displayed individual, cultural, and institutional racism. Individual racism was the most commonly reported form of racism, specifically displaying physical and verbal aggression. As a form of resistance, Twitter users created spaces for advocacy and activism. The hashtag “I am not a virus” helped to break stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination on Twitter.

CONCLUSIONS

Advocacy efforts were enormous both inside and outside the Chinese community; an allyship sentiment was fostered by some white users, and an identification with the oppression experienced by the Chinese population was expressed in the Black and Muslim worldwide communities. Activism through social media manifested through art, food sharing, and community support.
Reaction kinetics of lactic acid fermentation from bitter cassava (Manihot glaziovii) starch by Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Gunawan Setiyo , Rahmawati Nurul , Larasati Rona Bening , Dwitasari Ira , Aparamarta Hakun Wirawasista , Widjaja Tri
Published: March 2021

One of the utilizations of bitter cassava is modified cassava flour (Mocaf) production using the fermentation process by Lactobacillus casei. The Mocaf has potential as the future of food security products. It has a characteristic property similar to wheat flour. Lactic acid was also produced as a by‐product during fermentation. After 40 h of fermentation, the proximate composition content of Mocaf was lactic acid content of 0.000928 g/L, hydrogen cyanide levels of 0.02 ppm, starch content of 59.13%, amylose content of 12.98% and amylopectin content of 46.15%. In the scaling‐up process from a laboratory scale to a pilot and industrial scale, modeling is needed. There are five equation models used to describe the kinetic reactions of lactic acid from bitter cassava starch: Monod, Moser, Powell, Blackman, and Product Inhibitor. Each parameter was being searched by a fitting curve using sigmaplot 12.0. The best result in terms of the highest R2 (0.65913) was obtained in the Powell equation with the value of µmax of 1.668/h, Ks of 123.4 g/L, and maintenance rate (m) of 4.672. The kinetic data obtained can be used to design biochemical reactors for industrial scale Mocaf flour production.
Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier
Authors: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Komala Puti Sri , Almi Arief
Published: March 2021

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm process commonly uses various inorganic carriers to enhance nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier. The experiment was carried out by using an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treating artificial wastewater at room temperature. The reactor was fed with ammonium and nitrite with the concentrations of 70‐150 mg–N/L and variations in the hydraulic retention time of 24 and 12 h. The granular anammox belongs to the genus Candidatus Brocadia sinica that was added as an inoculum of the reactor operation. The experimental stoichiometric of anammox for ΔNO2‐–N: ΔNH4+–N and ΔNO3‐: ΔNH4+ were 1.24 and 0.18, respectively, which is similar to anammox stoichiometry. The maximum Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) has achieved 0.29 kg–N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.6 kg–N/m3.d. The highest ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) were 88% and 85%, respectively. Based on this results, it indicated that sugarcane bagasse as organic carriers could increase the amount of total nitrogen removal by provided of denitrification process but inhibited the anammox process at a certain COD concentration.
Blind Code pada Uang Kertas Rupiah Pesan Komunikasi dan Komunikasi Pesan kepada Publik Disabilitas Netra
Authors: Hafiar Hanny , Setianti Yanti , Subekti Priyo , Sani Anwar
Published: March 2021

Mengenali nominal pada uang kertas merupakan salah satu kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki masyarakat. Walaupun uang kertas rupiah sudah dilengkapi dengan blind code (penanda khusus bagi disabilitas netra), namun, bagi sebagian penyandang disabilitas netra, terutama anak-anak yang mengalami hambatan penglihatan, mengenali nominal uang kertas menjadi tantangan unik dan kendala tersendiri. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk melakukan pemetaan kendala yang dihadapi disabilitas netra saat mengenali nominal uang kertas rupiah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus deskriptif, dengan kasus tunggal yang bersifat intrinsik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan, antara lain, dengan cara observasi, focus group discussion, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan secara purposif terhadap populasi yang menjadi peserta pada pelaksanaan kegiatan sosialisasi blind code bagi penyandang disabilitas netra. Kegiatan ini menghadirkan pembicara dari pihak Bank Indonesia, dan berlokasi di SLBN A Kota Bandung. Adapun hasil pemetaan kendala menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan ukuran kertas untuk berbagai nominal pada uang kertas rupiah memberikan tantangan tersendiri bagi penyandang disabilitas netra. Selain itu, jenis kertas yang mudah lusuh, penggunaan blind code yang bervariasi pada beberapa emisi, keberadaan Blind code yang kurang tegas saat dilakukan perabaan, intaglio penanda lain acap kali mengaburkan konsentrasi penyandang disabilitas netra dalam mencari blind code. Warna dan gambar yang relatif mirip juga dianggap kurang memudahkan upaya penyandang disabilitas netra dalam mengenali uang kertas pada konteks transaksi yang membutuhkan waktu singkat.
ТРЕХСЛОЙНЫЕ МУЛЬТИФЕРРОИДНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ДЛЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ В НЕЙРОМОРФНЫХ СЕТЯХ
Authors: Морозова М.А. , Матвеев О.В.
Published: March 2021

Исследованы особенности распространения гибридных электромагнитных спиновых волн в мультиферроидной структуре ферромагнитная пленка - сегнетоэлектрик - ферромагнитная пленка. Показана возможность электрического и магнитного управления разделением сигнала по выходным портам такой структуры. Исследуемая структура позволяет реализовать как логические операции, так и функции магнонного транзистора в нейроморфной архитектуре.
ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ СВЧ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНО-ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ МОДУЛЯТОРЫ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ КВАНТОВОЙ РАССЫЛКИ КЛЮЧА НА БОКОВЫХ ЧАСТОТАХ
Authors: Петров В.М. , Герасименко Н.Д. , Герасименко В.С.
Published: March 2021

Представлены результаты исследования характеристик интегрально-оптических модуляторов, разработанных и созданных для систем квантовых коммуникаций. Проведена оценка основных эксплуатационных характеристик. Впервые продемонстрировано существенное влияние пассивной оптической обратной связи на количество спектральных компонент выходного сигнала.
КВАНТОВАЯ ТОМОГРАФИЯ ИОННЫХ КУДИТОВ
Authors: Бантыш Б.И. , Богданов Ю.И. , Фастовец Д.В. , Кузнецов Ю.А.
Published: March 2021

Использование многоуровневых квантовых систем (кудитов) позволяет обобщить и оптимизировать квантовые вычисления на основе кубитов. Томография таких систем требует довольно большого количества преобразований, что приводит к систематическим ошибкам. В настоящей работе мы предлагаем новый протокол измерений, который позволяет снизить количество преобразований и, как результат, уменьшить ошибки томографии.
ПРОПУСКНЫЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ ГОМОДИНИРОВАНИЯ С ШУМОМ
Authors: Холево А.С.
Published: March 2021

Анализируются классические пропускные способности гауссовых приближенных измерений координаты, лежащих в основе зашумленного гомодинирования в квантовой оптике. Пропускная способность с использованием сцепленности вычислена явно; для обычной пропускной способности предложено выражение, основанное на гипотетическом свойстве «гауссова максимизатора».
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НЕЙРОННОЙ КОМБИНАТОРНОЙ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ В ЗАДАЧЕ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭСКИЗА ФОТОШАБЛОНА
Authors: Березин А.А. , Шахманова А.В. , Иванов В.В.
Published: March 2021

В данной работе задача оптимальной расстановки кристаллов в поле фотошаблона решается методом рекурсивной нейронной комбинаторной оптимизации. Также исследуется возможность использования обратной связи от пользователей в качестве критерия оптимизации.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТАЛЛА НА РЕЗОНАНСНУЮ ЧАСТОТУ И ДАЛЬНОСТЬ СЧИТЫВАНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОЙ РАДИОЧАСТОТНОЙ МЕТКИ
Authors: Хрущева О.А.
Published: March 2021

В данной работе рассматриваются объемные ультравысокочастотные метки, разработанные по принципу разомкнутой полосковой линии передачи. Были исследованы влияние металла на резонансную частоту и дальность считывания такой метки. Также сделано теоретические предположение для обоснования полученных эффектов.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛА SPIN-ON-CARBON ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ МЕТОДА САМОСОВМЕЩЕННОГО ДВОЙНОГО ПАТТЕРНИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Тихонова Е.Д. , Горнев Е.С.
Published: March 2021

В данной работе были разобраны преимущества использования метода самосовмещенного двойного паттернирования совместно с фотолитографией в глубоком ультрафиолете, выявлен многообещающий материал Spin-on-carbon и представлен метод обработки и защиты первоначального профиля линий регулярных структур с помощью использования принципа суперпозиции постоянного тока в камере с емкостно-связанной плазмой.
PERCEPTION OF COHESION IN INTERACTIVE SPORTS TEAMS
Authors: Dobrijević Gordana , Đorđević Boljanović Jelena , Alčaković Slavko , Lazarević Snežana
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the perception of cohesion in highly interdependent sports teams, compare cohesion in different sports, and then compare social and task cohesion. The participants were 205 professional sports players in the city of Belgrade, Serbia. They are engaged in five different sports: Football/soccer, basketball, volleyball, handball, and water polo. The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) was used to collect the data. All the analyses were carried out with the SPSS 22 statistical software. The results have shown moderately-high levels of all four aspects of cohesion (Group Integration-Task, Group Integration-Social, Individual Attractions to the Group-Task, and Individual Attractions to the Group-Social) in all sports. Overall, perception of task cohesion is higher than perception of social cohesion. The study also reveals that the type of sport played impacts the level of cohesion, with basketball players having the highest scores of all.
SPORTS AND EXERCISE MEDICINE IN THE COVID-19 ERA -LET’S MAKE IT A GOOD MARATHON RUN
Authors: Tomović Milena
Published: March 2021

The aim of this short narrative review is to investigate the role of sports and exercise medicine (SEM) in managing the current and future pandemics. The coronavirus outbreak caught the whole world by surprise and very quickly imposed the long run ahead of us, changing every aspect of modern living. Being primarily a health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic placed the biggest strain on the medical community and science. Our understanding of the new circumstances is constantly being updated with new scientific data and medical and other professions directly dealing with the pandemic has to provide the best available (evidence-based) approach. SEM expertise has a huge impact on population’s general health and its role in dealing with COVID-19 and future pandemics has to be recognised in several aspects. The multidisciplinary, prevention-orientated, and structured approach of SEM can be crucial for health-oriented community changes.
WHEN SPORT MEETS ART: HOCKEY NIGHT IN CANADA
Authors: Cvetković Tanja
Published: March 2021

The paper refers to the history of Olympic art competitions which at one point were part of the Olympic Games competitions. In that vein, the author of the paper analyzes the Canadian short story Hockey Night in Canada, written by Diane Schoemperlen, which is inspired by sport as other sports stories are but, as a matter of fact, does not have much to do with hockey. The story illustrates how domestic objects could be turned into objects of art and how they help Schoemperlen reflect on her characters or apply her own technique of writing.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION IN SPORT ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Đurović Dušanka , Aleksić Veljković Aleksandra , Petrović Tanja
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of motivation in sport achievement and to describe the psychological aspect of motivation, as one of the most important psychological factors for success. Motivation theories give definitions of terms and previous knowledge of different authors, and the second part of this paper gives the most commonly used techniques: Goal settings, cognitive restructuring, and imagination, and how to apply them. When it comes to motivation in sports, some important concepts and some of the most important interventions for motivating athletes presented in this paper can be analyzed in the psychological training of athletes. Special attention given to the importance and the role of trainers in the process of motivating athletes emphasizes psychology as a key factor in sport achievement.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS ONE OF THE MOST OPTIMAL WAYS OF ACTIVE FATIGUE ELIMINATION AND OVERCOMING MIDLIFE CRISIS
Authors: Čolović Milica , Gadžić Aleksandar , Ilić Radovan , Petrović Marko
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the characteristic ways of overcoming the midlife crisis and the various ways of fatigue elimination. More precisely, to examine the correlation between denial by escape, denial by overcompensation, decompensation, and creative and successful coping with the crisis on the one hand and fatigue elimination with chemical stimulants, with psychological stimulation and with physical activity (PA) and active rest on the other, as well as the gender differences within these variables. The sample consisted of 300 middle-aged people, aged between 40 and 64, uniform by gender. The following instruments were used: A list of the respondents’ basic biodata, the Midlife Crisis Scale and an evaluation scale representing the basic techniques of fatigue elimination in participants from different categories specifically designed for the research. Since the score distribution on the tested variables statistically deviate from normal distribution, non-parametric techniques were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied for determining the connection between variables and the Mann Whitney U test for testing the difference between the groups of participants. The obtained results show that there is a statistically significant correlation between adequate PA, as a way of fatigue elimination, and the creative and successful coping with the crisis, as well as a moderate connection between different types of passive rest and decompensation, especially in women. It can be concluded that moderate, well-prescribed, and age-appropriate PA, as an important form of active rest, is connected with the most optimal way of coping with a midlife crisis.
PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE MODERN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Minić Vesna , Jovanović Marija , Jovanović Dragana
Published: March 2021

From the aspect of personality development, physical and health education (PHE) has a special role and is of particular importance in primary school since it is the period of the most intense growth and development of children. Given the specific characteristics of this age group and the potential that PHE has during this period, this paper aims to determine primary school students' opinions on the achievement of the main objectives of PHE. The sample is intentional and includes 160 fifth grade and eighth grade students. The study used a three-level assessment scale whose items related to the four main objectives of physical and health education expressed by age-adjusted formulations. The results of the research show that the pedagogical objective of physical education is the most dominant one, while health and hygiene, and the recreational objective are less present in the teaching process. The educational objective of PHE and its achievement in the classes is the most sensitive issue of the primary school practice studied. The findings have served as a basis to draw a number of conclusions and pedagogical implications aimed at improving the status of the issue analyzed by this study.
EXPLOSIVE POWER IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Kocić Miodrag , Berić Dragana , Bubanj Saša
Published: March 2021

Explosive power in basketball is manifested through various variants of jumps, starting acceleration, sudden changes in direction, deceleration, sudden stops and passing. The aim of this research is to identify and sum up the relevant literature published in the period from 2000 to 2019, focusing on the explosive power of basketball players, and to explain relations between training programs and explosive power development. The results confirmed that explosive power is a significant characteristic of professional basketball players and one of the most important factors for achieving top results. The results show that in spite of the inborn coefficient, the development of explosive power can be realized through planned, rational and well-organized training. A positive correlation was determined between explosive power and running at short distances, jumps and throwing, as well as between explosive power and lean body mass in basketball players of different ages.  It is necessary to give greater attention to the training of explosive power, because it is an effective means that contributes to the efficiency of the basketball player.
TREND CHANGE IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BOYS AGED SEVEN TO TEN
Authors: Stamenković Stevan , Danković Goran , Stanković Nemanja , Stojanović Nikola , Paunović Miloš
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research was to determine the trend change in the morphological features of boys aged 7 to 10, of various nutritional status, with particular emphasis on the trend of occurrence of obesity among the same population. The sample consisted of 1164 boys, divided into four sub-groups (based on their age), and then each sub-group was further divided into three groups depending on their nutritional status. Four morphological factors were measured: the longitudinal, transversal and circular dimensionality of the skeleton, body mass and subcutaneous fat tissue. They were used to determine the morphological characteristics of the participants. The data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 statistics program. To determine the dynamics of change in the increasing or decreasing continuum, a trend analysis was used. By analyzing and evaluating the results obtained during the course of this study, differences in morphological characteristics were determined between children with normal body mass, overweight children and obese children of various ages. The dynamic of the change in the aforementioned characteristics in most morphological spaces of the boys indicated a continued increase that accompanies the age of the participants. Among the participants with normal body mass and overweight participants, a discontinued form of development among the morphological characteristics was noted. The discontinued form of development is visible among obese participants in the space which refers to measuring subcutaneous fat tissue. A significantly greater annual increase in body fat, compared to the average, was also noted.
SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN SPORT
Authors: Veselinović Jovan , Perović Aleksandra , Đukić Stanimir , Mrdak Gordana , Nikolić Marija
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the practical application of management and commercialization in sports. It also examines the forms of endangering internal security, prevention of violence and misbehavior at sporting events and the security of the state and society. Management as a dynamic discipline represents leadership in each organization. It implies optimal use of resources, organizing the processes and activities of subordinates, delegating tasks and responsibilities, coordination of all resources through planning, organization, management and control. Management in sport, or in a sport organization is in the function of transferring ideas to the ultimate goal. In this regard, it can be said that application of management in sport is a successful pursuit of the idea to the realization of the goal. Management of each organization, including management in sports, gives special attention to security as the basic condition of survival and prosperity. Different organizations have different security challenges, risks and threats, so the risks that the state as an organization exhibits differ greatly from the challenges that business entitles are exposed to, including sports and sports organizations. Challenges, risks and threats that an organization is exposed to, especially in sport, as well as the responsibilities of an organization towards the environment in terms of safety, have a decisive influence on management in sport, that is, to the manner in which the decisions regarding security and protection of persons, property and business will be made.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND CARDIO-PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE BOYS AND GIRLS
Authors: Pluncević Gligoroska Jasmina , Jordanova Maja , Mančevska Sanja , Tomova Elisaveta
Published: March 2021

Physical activity (PA) is stimulatory physiologic stress for the human body and regular PA induces significant changes in many physiological, biochemical and anthropological parameters. The aim of this study is to determine the values and the differences among the cardio-physiological, hematological and anthropological parameters for different age and gender subgroups in healthy physically active children and an adolescent population. An anthropometric evaluation (Matiegka protocol), hematological analysis i.e., red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and ergometrical testing (Brus protocol) were made. Regarding mass and height until the age of 12 (U12), girls were heavier and taller than boys. The mean values for relative muscle mass in all the groups of boys and girls of different ages are in the optimal range (>50%) and indicate well developed muscle mass. There are no differences between the same age subgroups for this anthropometric parameter between the boys and girls. All the subgroups of girls of different ages showed higher body fat percent than their male siblings. Among the girls, RBC variables did not show a difference in the age subgroups. Regarding gender, all RBC variables were significantly higher among the male groups, except the U12. Cardio-physiological parameters of heart frequency at rest, exercise time duration and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), were significantly higher among the boys. In all age-based male subgroups VO2max was higher among the older boys. Conclusion: This study has shown age related changes in anthropological, hematological and ergometrical parameters in a male and female young active population. The girls showed significantly lower levels of cardio-physiological fitness which can be contributed either to gender and lower volume of PA.
PEDAGOGICAL, COGNITIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIGITALISATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Osmanović Jelena , Maksimović Jelena , Dimitrijević Milica
Published: March 2021

The implementation of digital education technology into the school subject of physical education (PE) has become a challenging trend of contemporary pedagogy. This paper emphasises the importance of the pedagogical, cognitive and methodological aspects of digitalisation in PE. The research presented examined the attitudes of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools towards digitalisation in PE. The research has three goals: 1. Theoretical-the review of all the international and national sources relevant for the perception of the theoretical aspects of introducing digitalisation into physical education teaching; 2. Cognitive-the study of PE teachers’ attitudes towards digitalisation in PE as a school subject; 3. Applicable-a contribution to raising awareness about the importance of PE improvement. The methods used in the empirical research were the descriptive method, the survey and scaling technique with a questionnaire as the instrument and the assessment Likert-type scale (DOUF/DEIP). The questionnaire comprised of four closed-ended questions and the scale containing 40 items. The sample included 126 PE teachers from Serbia. The obtained results were calculated by the SPSS software version 24, used for the statistical data processing. The following statistical parameters for displaying results were used: frequency (f), percentage (%), arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2), the t-test and ANOVA F-test. The research results show that PE teaching is undergoing digitalisation and that teachers have positive attitudes towards digital competences, technologies and the connection between digital education and quality of teaching, schoolchildren’s academic achievements and the teacher’s role.
FEEDBACK USE AND PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Spittle Michael , Spittle Sharna , Ruecker Kelly , Young Janet
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of feedback and perceptions of the use of feedback by pre-service teachers in peer-teaching (instructing their peers in university classes) and practical placement settings (teaching in schools). Pre-service teachers specializing in primary physical education (PE) and one other teaching method (n=59) were observed while teaching a 15-minute lesson in a peer-teaching setting, with six participants also observed while teaching on practical placement. Participants retrospectively recalled the feedback they perceived providing during the lesson. Average feedback frequency rate was once every 56 seconds in peer-teaching and once every 86 seconds in practical placement. The most common type of feedback provided was verbal, non-skill related, positive feedback. Pre-service teachers perceived that they provided feedback significantly more often than they actually did (every 41 seconds versus every 56 seconds in peer-teaching). In peer-teaching, pre-service teachers perceived that they provided significantly more non-verbal, negative, knowledge of results, descriptive, and corrective types of feedback than they actually provided, whereas they perceived that they had provided significantly less verbal, non-skill related, positive, knowledge of performance, prescriptive, and terminal types of feedback than they actually provided (p<01). Pre-service teachers provided feedback frequently in peer-teaching and practical placement settings, but less often in practical placement than peer-teaching. Actual and perceived feedback frequencies differed significantly and suggest that pre-service teachers may not always be aware of how often and the type of feedback they are providing, highlighting that PE teacher education programs may need to work with pre-service teachers to develop self-awareness.
MOTOR AND INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW
Authors: Čoh Milan
Published: March 2021

The aim of this narrative review article is to present the effects of physical activity on the motor and cognitive development of children. Early childhood is one of the most critical periods in a child's physical and intellectual development. As much as seventy percent of the brain's connections develop during the pre-school years, these connections form the basis and framework for the child's later abilities and characteristics. A physically stimulating and varied environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on the mental functions of children. The brain is designed to learn and solve problems, initially simple, later complex. The earliest challenges that the brain needs to solve are related to movement. Children solve these problems spontaneously, intuitively, and in an unstructured manner. Later, with more organized movements, children acquire various motor skills, abilities, and sensory experiences, thereby gaining a new understanding of themselves and their surroundings. These insights and experiences will equip the child for the challenges and problems they will face later in life. Children enter into social interactions and group dynamics through movement and acquire a sense of autonomy and independence. A stimulating and varied motor environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on children's intellectual function and, thus, on the development of their potential abilities.
СПРЕМНОСТ ДЕТЕТА ЗА ШКОЛУ: ЗНАЧАЈ СПРЕМНОСТИ И ИНТЕРАКЦИЈЕ МИКРОСИСТЕМСКИХ РАЗВОЈНИХ ОКРУЖЕЊА
Authors: Zuković Slađana , Krstić Kristina
Published: March 2021

Starting elementary school is an important step on the education ladder of every child, and the result of adequate school readiness is reflected in the child's feeling of belonging to the school community and the motivation for accomplishing school success. Bearing in mind, on the one hand, different individual characteristics of every child, and, on the other, new and different experiences when starting school, there is a tendency to re-examine the factors shaping (and influencing) the child's readiness for school. Starting from a brief retrospect of the approaches that review the phenomenon of school readiness, the essence of this paper consists of an interactive approach which, beside the importance of individual children's characteristics, also emphasizes the significance of conditions in the microsystem of the development environments in which the child spends their time, as well as their synergistic actions. In this manner, while following the contemporary construction of the term “school readiness,” the focus of this paper is set on the review of the hallmarks in family and institution (pre-school and school) context, as well as in the community context, and the possibility of a joint action of the development environments through examples of good practice in our educational context. Although each of these mentioned microsystem environments individually contributes to children's school readiness, it can be concluded that the best effects are accomplished through their interaction which leads to the continuity of influence and the maximum of reaching children's potentials in new education environment.
MODERATING THE INFLUENCE OF OWNERSHIP ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ETHICAL CLIMATE AND THE UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Erić Ivana , Đurić Zvezdan , Đurić Olivera
Published: March 2021

In most capitalist countries, business ethics is considered the precondition for long term advancement, growth, development and the maintenance of the high profitability of the organization, which is not the case with post-communist countries. Ethically oriented organizations are considered attractive for investors, employees, managers and other interested stakeholders. Unfortunately, in Serbia, a post-communist country, business ethics is considered to be of second rate significance in most cases. More precisely, organizations insist on legal business based on the code of ethics, but also include all other kinds of improvisation. The main goal of this paper is to show the moderating influence of ownership on the relationship between the ethical climate and unethical behavior in Serbia. The research encompasses 924 respondents from four domestic enterprises and foreign owned enterprises. The results of this research show that the ownership of the enterprise influences the relationship between the ethical climate and unethical behavior. We conclude that foreign owned enterprises pay more attention to the ethical behavior and create better ethical climate for the organizations. The main implication of this research is that one of the ways for better business performance of organizations in Serbia, especially if they want to enter foreign markets, is to accept moral values and the ethical behavior which exists in market economies.
EVASION IN SERBIAN PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS
Authors: Radovanović Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

The current study seeks to investigate evasion in Parliamentary Questions in the National Assembly of Serbia. The objectives of the research are to determine whether and how frequently the members of the Government provided evasive responses and how they did it. The analysis comprising a qualitative and a quantitative method was conducted on the data that comprised the transcripts of three Parliamentary Questions. The responses were classified into answers, intermediate responses and evasive responses. Each identified evasive response was analysed in terms of its level of evasion, the practices involved and the agenda shifts that occurred. The results reveal that evasion did occur in the investigated data. As described and exemplified in the study, the medium level of evasion was the most prominent, and the Government members employed overt and covert practices, as well as three types of agenda shifts in evading answers. These results match those observed in previous studies on evasion in Question Time in other parliaments.
THROUGH OFFENDERS’ EYES: A PILOT STUDY ON EXPERIENCING SUPERVISION IN SERBIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Batrićević Ana , želeskov Đorić Jelena , Petrović Boban , Knežić Branislava
Published: March 2021

Probation and parole are intended as alternatives to incarceration for eligible offenders. In various European jurisdictions research studies indicated the importance of the offenders’ perspective in supervision; however, the contribution of this factor is still unclear and underexplored. In the present study, we explored the offenders’ experience of the supervision process, based upon the experience of 22 convicts. To understand the offenders’ experience, we used the newly constructed tool, Eurobarometer, which measures eight core domains of offender supervision. The pilot study was conducted in Belgrade and was a part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology initiative (COST) which was implemented in eight European jurisdictions. Results confirmed that the offenders’ perception of supervision can be significant in various domains of offenders’ life and that Eurobarometer can be significant in capturing that experience.
MONETARY CHALLENGES OF EMERGING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES TOWARDS THE EURO ZONE
Authors: Beker Pucar Emilija
Published: March 2021

The paper aims to highlight the main difficulties on the monetary path towards the euro zone experienced by Emerging Europe. Emerging European Economies (EEEs), EU members, adopted either double shift or smooth transition monetary approach towards the euro zone. Double shift assumes changes from floating exchange rate regimes (ERRs) to the ERM II target zone and, finally, monetary union as a rigid ERR. The smooth transition is practiced by economies with mainly rigid ERRs before the ERM II entrance and, at the end, again rigid ERR of a monetary union. Despite chosen monetary path towards the euro zone, crucial difficulties or aggravating factors could be identified in the form of real exchange rate appreciation due to productivity growth or capital inflows. A reconciliation of inflation and exchange rate target zone is extremely complex, at the same time striving not to jeopardize the real convergence. What is stressed here is the vicious cycle between real and nominal convergence as the reason why the ERM II target should be regarded as a “waiting room“ not as a “training room“ in the pre-EMU phase.
COMPETENCY MODEL AND MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY IN SERBIA
Authors: Stanisic Natasa , Čerović Slobodan Rajko
Published: March 2021

In today’s global and highly competitive business world what essentially differentiates one organization from another are the people who work there. Regardless of the technological advantages of a hotel or a travel agency, the people, their development, motivation and satisfaction are key factors for success on the market. Therefore, many hotels started applying competency models to determine skills, knowledge and personal characteristics needed for good business performance. The advantages of this model are also reflected in the recruitment, selection, training, development, promotion, performance evaluation, and rewarding employees. The emphasis is on the selection of career advancement criteria by the multi-criteria decision-making process, the essence of which is to identify all available criteria for comparing possible alternatives, to compare all the alternatives according to the selected criteria, and thus to choose the most favourable alternative. The aim of the research is to develop a software package that will, based on executive manager’s selection in a hotel and a travel agency, present specific steps of business decision-making application in the field of human resources. The AHP method is used to conduct a weight analysis of professional competencies prioritized for future reference in terms of career advancement. Sampling methods for data collection from eight top hotel managers and five travel agency managers are used for the purpose of this paper, as well as qualitative and quantitative surveys including interviews and questionnaire. A detailed case study illustrates the application of the proposed evaluation system for management staff advancement in tourism and hotel industry. The estimated results show that the most important criterion is professional knowledge, followed by business planning and subsequently team work and foreign language skills.This solution is general and can also be applied in candidates ranking for employment, promotion or training.
LOCAL RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CYCLING TOURISM IN THE UPPER DANUBE REGION (SERBIA)
Authors: Pavluković Vanja , Nikić Bojana , Stankov Uglješa
Published: March 2021

Cycling tourism is an important and growing niche tourism market in Europe. It can contribute to the sustainable development and branding of the tourist destination, the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, the development of other forms of tourism, the creation of the tourist offers and active inclusion of the local community in development of tourism. Cycling tourism is recognized in the strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia as one of the key tourist products that should be developed in the selected tourist destinations. As local community has an important role in tourism development, in this paper, TIAS scale (Tourism Impact Attitude Scale) was used to examine the local residents’ attitudes towards cycling tourism in the selected municipalities in the Upper Danube region through which Danube cycle route passes. It is the longest cycling corridor in Serbia, rich in natural and cultural heritage elements along its course, which is also part of one of the most popular European cycling routes, the EuroVelo 6. In addition, the effects of certain demographic variables on the residents’ attitudes were examined. The results of the research indicate that cycling tourism is in the initial phase of tourism development in the studied area, and that local residents are aware of its possible positive impacts, therefore providing support for cycling tourism development. The results will be most valuable in assisting local governments, destination management organizations, tourism policy creators and tourism practitioners to understand the local residents’ attitudes towards cycling tourism and to formulate strategies to effectively manage sustainable tourism development.
BUILDING A DOMESTIC DESTINATION BRAND: A CASE OF SERBIA
Authors: Teodorović Milivoj , Popesku Jovan , Pavlović Danijel
Published: March 2021

This paper uses the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model to empirically evaluate the brand equity of Serbia as a tourist destination, its underlying dimensions and interrelated causal relations from the perspective of domestic visitors. The study is in line with the previous research findings and brings new insights into the destination’s analysis; it shows that the Serbian domestic tourism market has not yet developed the critical area of destination image and empirically proves the importance of awareness as the most important dimension of the CBBE of the Serbian domestic tourism market. The implications of the Serbian domestic destination tourism market are evaluated, and future research avenues based on the outcomes are highlighted.