bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Hydrus-2D Model to Investigate the Effects of Different On-Farm Irrigation Strategies on Potato Crop under Subsurface Drip Irrigation
Authors: Ghazouani Hiba , Rallo Giovanni , Mguidiche Amel , Latrech Basma , Douh Boutheina , Boujelben Abdelhamid , Provenzano Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

The objective of this paper was to assess the performance of Hydrus-2D model to simulate the effects of different on-farm irrigation strategies applied on potato crop. The ability of the model to simulate the stress coefficient (Ks), obtained as the ratio between actual and maximum transpiration, and to define the productive function of potato crop under the semi-arid conditions of central Tunisia were also evaluated. Experiments were carried out on potato crop under full (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI) and two different water qualities supplied by means of a subsurface drip irrigation system. Results evidenced that the model, despite some discrepancies locally observed, can fairly accurately predict soil water contents and electrical conductivity around buried emitters. Furthermore, under water and salt stress conditions, “measured” Ks, based on crop water stress index (CWSI) obtained on thermal images, resulted in a good correlation with the corresponding estimated by the model (R2 = 0.8). The database collected during the three growth seasons also allowed the definition of the crop productive function represented by a linear relationship between the relative yield loss and Ks. This function represents a useful guidelines for the sustainable use of irrigation water in countries characterized by a semi-arid climate and a limited availability of water for irrigation.
A Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Arced Labyrinth Spillways
Authors: Salazar Fernando , Crookston Brian M.
Published: March 2019

Labyrinth weirs provide an economic option for flow control structures in a variety of applications, including as spillways at dams. The cycles of labyrinth weirs are typically placed in a linear configuration. However, numerous projects place labyrinth cycles along an arc to take advantage of reservoir conditions and dam alignment, and to reduce construction costs such as narrowing the spillway chute. Practitioners must optimize more than 10 geometric variables when developing a head–discharge relationship. This is typically done using the following tools: empirical relationships, numerical modeling, and physical modeling. This study applied a new tool, machine learning, to the analysis of the geometrically complex arced labyrinth weirs. In this work, both neural networks (NN) and random forests (RF) were employed to estimate the discharge coefficient for this specific type of weir with the results of physical modeling experiments used for training. Machine learning results are critiqued in terms of accuracy, robustness, interpolation, applicability, and new insights into the hydraulic performance of arced labyrinth weirs. Results demonstrate that NN and RF algorithms can be used as a unique expression for curve fitting, although neural networks outperformed random forest when interpolating among the tested geometries.
Numerical Analysis of Recharge Rates and Contaminant Travel Time in Layered Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Szymkiewicz Adam , Savard Julien , Jaworska-Szulc Beata
Published: March 2019

This study focused on the estimation of groundwater recharge rates and travel time of conservative contaminants between ground surface and aquifer. Numerical simulations of transient water flow and solute transport were performed using the SWAP computer program for 10 layered soil profiles, composed of materials ranging from gravel to clay. In particular, sensitivity of the results to the thickness and position of weakly permeable soil layers was carried out. Daily weather data set from Gdańsk (northern Poland) was used as the boundary condition. Two types of cover were considered, bare soil and grass, simulated with dynamic growth model. The results obtained with unsteady flow and transport model were compared with simpler methods for travel time estimation, based on the assumptions of steady flow and purely advective transport. The simplified methods were in reasonably good agreement with the transient modelling approach for coarse textured soils but tended to overestimate the travel time if a layer of fine textured soil was present near the surface. Thus, care should be taken when using the simplified methods to estimate vadose zone travel time and vulnerability of the underlying aquifers.
Optimizing Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Processes for Simultaneous Carbon Redirection and Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Dong Tianchen , Shewa Wudneh Ayele , Murray Kyle , Dagnew Martha
Published: March 2019

There has been increased interest towards maximizing wastewater energy recovery by enhancing the carbon captured through the primary treatment process such as chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT). This research was conducted to optimize the CEPT performance in terms of redirection of carbon and nutrients in both bench- and full-scale operations. In order to improve the CEPT process, the performance of ferric chloride and seven types of polymers were evaluated through jar testing. The optimal coagulant (15 mg/L ferric chloride) and flocculant (0.5 mg/L poly aluminum chloride (PACl)) combination achieved total COD, soluble COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 76, 58, 89, and 84, respectively, in a full-scale primary clarifier operation. In doing so the organic matter and phosphorus were concentrated in CEPT sludge, making them available for recovery. Furthermore, the relationship between influent characteristics and removal rates under varying operating conditions was investigated. It was found that soluble COD removal appeared to be season-dependent, and TSS removals were independent of influent TSS concentrations in all scenarios. The removal of tCOD, sCOD, and TP had a positive relationship with their corresponding concentrations when the polymer Alcomer® 120L was used, whereas no correlation between removal and concentration was observed with PACl.
Evaluating Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of African and Commercial Ginger Species in South Africa
Authors: Gatabazi Auges , Marais Diana , Steyn Martin J. , Araya Hintsa T. , Mofokeng Motiki M. , Mokgehle Salmina N.
Published: March 2019

Ginger species play an important economic role as medicinal plants, food flavourings, and dietary supplements. Products from ginger, including oil and fresh and dried rhizomes can be used to treat malaria, asthma, headaches, and act as anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents. The cultivation of wild plant species can alleviate the pressure from harvesting from the wild. Under cultivation, the major constraints on crop yield and quality are water availability and plant nutrition. Therefore, the impact of water stress on commercial and African ginger was assessed in the rain shelter study. Irrigation treatments were based on the maximum allowable depletion (MAD) levels of plant available water in the root zone (T1: 20–25% MAD, the control; T2: 40–45% MAD; T3: 60–65% MAD; T4: 80–85% MAD). As water stress decreased, the plant height and number of stems per plant of both plant species were positively affected. The number of open stomata was higher for well-watered and less stressed treatments in both ginger species. Higher fresh and dry rhizome yields were recorded for commercial ginger at all water treatments as compared to those from African ginger. In general, water use efficiency (WUE) of fresh and dry rhizome yield was higher for commercial ginger as compared to the indigenous African ginger, while moderately stressed treatments generally resulted in the highest WUE for both species.
Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan/Activated Biochar for Removal of Emerging Micropollutants from Water: Optimization by the Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mojiri Amin , Andasht Kazeroon Reza , Gholami Ali
Published: March 2019

One of the most important types of emerging micropollutants is the pharmaceutical micropollutant. Pharmaceutical micropollutants are usually identified in several environmental compartments, so the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants is a global concern. This study aimed to remove diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and naproxen (NPX) from the aqueous solution via cross-linked magnetic chitosan/activated biochar (CMCAB). Two independent factors—pH (4–8) and a concentration of emerging micropollutants (0.5–3 mg/L)—were monitored in this study. Adsorbent dosage (g/L) and adsorption time (h) were fixed at 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, based on the results of preliminary experiments. At a pH of 6.0 and an initial micropollutant (MP) concentration of 2.5 mg/L, 2.41 mg/L (96.4%) of DCF, 2.47 mg/L (98.8%) of IBP, and 2.38 mg/L (95.2%) of NPX were removed. Optimization was done by an artificial neural network (ANN), which proved to be reasonable at optimizing emerging micropollutant elimination by CMCAB as indicated by the high R2 values and reasonable mean square errors (MSE). Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were able to explain micropollutant adsorption by CMCAB. Finally, desorption tests proved that cross-linked magnetic chitosan/activated biochar might be employed for at least eight adsorption-desorption cycles.
Seasonal Surface Runoff Characteristics in the Semiarid Region of Western Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China—A Case of the Alun River Basin
Authors: Huang Jinbai , Tagawa Kotaro , Wang Bin , Wen Jiawei , Wang Jingcai
Published: March 2019

Water resource issues are a challenging area of research in semiarid regions of the world. The objective of the current study was to reveal the main characteristics of seasonal surface runoff for the semiarid western Heilongjiang Province of China. The Alun River Basin, which has hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the local region, was adopted as the study location. A distributed rainfall-runoff combined with snowmelt hydrological model was used to carry out the runoff calculation for the six years (2011–2016). The results indicated that: The mean annual runoff coefficient was 0.34; snowmelt runoff accounted for 2.2% of annual total runoff in 2011–2016; the main part of annual rainfall and runoff was concentrated in the rainy season from June to September, the proportions of rainfall and runoff in this period were 78% and 86% to that of the annual means of 2011–2016; the peak flow represents a decreased trend since 2013, and evidently decreased in 2015 and 2016; less annual precipitation complex with paddy field retention of rainwater and runoff led to the peak flow and annual runoff coefficient in 2016 were obviously lower than that of annual means of 2011–2016. The results are expected to provide the basis for rational development and utilization of surface runoff, and further researches on surface runoff and water resources of the semiarid western Heilongjiang Province of China.
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF MULTICOMPONENT TERMS OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES
Authors: Boiko Diana
Published: March 2019

Linguistic analysis of multicomponent term-combinations of the sphere of sociolinguistics allowed to determine their productive models on the material of two languages. The basis of the analyzed nominative terminological units is a separate term or a two-component term, which contributes to establishment of the clear structural hierarchy of sociolinguistic terms based on the principle of hyper-hypo relationships. In our study, we also considered the translation aspect of English multicomponent terms when translating into Ukrainian. In turn, we considered the most productive models of translation of multicomponent terminology structures, identified their most probable inter-component connections and analyzed the main stages and methods of translation
Warfare and the Cypriot kingdoms: Military ideology and the Cypriot monarch
Authors: Papasavvas Georges
Published: March 2019

La guerre a souvent fonctionné, dans les sociétés antiques, comme source de pouvoir politique et de complexité sociale. La valorisation des conflits armés pour établir un statut social et politique a laissé des traces dans les documents archéologiques, particulièrement sous la forme de représentations de guerriers et de combats sur divers supports. La bibliographie portant sur la guerre dans l’Antiquité est très abondante, mais Chypre a été presque entièrement exclue de ces discussions. Cet article tente de faire le bilan sur les images, ou d’autres expressions du pouvoir, qui peuvent être associés aux classes aristocratiques chypriotes en général, et plus particulièrement aux souverains, afin d’établir d’éventuelles relations entre l’esprit guerrier, l’idéologie et le pouvoir politique dans l’île. Les témoignages archéologiques qui s’y rapportent rassemblent divers documents de l’Âge du Fer : grandes sculptures, sarcophages, terres cuites, peintures de vases, pièces d’armement et vases métalliques décorés. Sans être absente, l’iconographie guerrière, c’est-à-dire les représentations d’hommes en armes, isolés ou engagés dans un combat, ne constitue pas une part importante de la documentation chypriote, ce qui ne signifie pas que les Chypriotes n’ont participé à aucune guerre (les sources littéraires disent le contraire) : à la différence d’autres civilisations qui ont créé ou imité des modèles iconographiques pour insister sur l’intégration des qualités guerrières dans l’idéologie de l’État, ils n’ont pas utilisé la guerre – tout en la faisant – comme marqueur visuel du pouvoir social. Cette indifférence notable à l’égard de l’iconographie militaire, en dépit de l’expérience acquise par les Chypriotes dans la guerre terrestre et maritime, doit être examinée en regard des attributions particulières de la royauté chypriote et de l’évolution socio-politique de l’île.
Les mythes fondateurs des royaumes chypriotes : le nostos de Teukros
Authors: Christodoulou Panos
Published: March 2019

The foundation stories of the Cypriot kingdoms rarely predate the 5th century BC. They were, as a rule, constructed under specific political, social and cultural conditions in order to shape the way a community represented and remembered its past. In this study I draw attention to the fact that these foundation myths were the result of a complicated and dynamic process. Using the foundation myth of Salamis as my point of reference, and without denying that its origins contain an unmistakable kernel of truth, I attempt to follow its gradual transformation through time and to isolate new elements that were added later in order to serve specific political and social goals.
Images archaïsantes de l’Aphrodite chypriote
Authors: Hermary Antoine
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to study the origins of the Archaistic image of Aphrodite on some bronze coins struck in Cyprus under Ptolemy III, and to compare it to some other Archaistic images of the goddess attested in Greece and Cyprus. To this dossier, already examined by B. Lichocka in 1986, can be added a marble torso found near Soloi in 1927, which could be related to the sanctuary of Soloi-Cholades, an important cult place for understanding the religious ideology of the Ptolemaic rulers and, probably, of the first Roman emperors.
Further diversity in the Early Neolithic of the Southern Levant: A first look at the PPNA chipped stone tool assemblage from el-Hemmeh, Southern Jordan
Authors: Smith Sam , Paige Jonathan , Makarewicz Cheryl A.
Published: March 2019

Cette contribution présente l’analyse préliminaire d’un assemblage de pierres taillées provenant de niveaux datés du Néolithique précéramique A (PPNA) à el-Hemmeh, Jordanie du Sud. L’échantillon montre des affinités générales avec le matériel du PPNA décrit pour d’autres sites de la Jordanie du Sud, mais suggère également la présence de signes distinctifs au niveau typologique et technologique. Ces derniers incluent la présence d’au moins deux schémas opératoires, l’absence de pointes caractéristiques du PPNA et la prédominance de la production de burins et d’outils manufacturés à partir de chutes de burin. Il est proposé que cet assemblage, avec ceux provenant d’autres sites du PPNA (WF16 et ZAD 2), indique un développement culturel indigène pendant la fin du PPNA dans le sud de la Jordanie.
The Canaanean Blades from Tel Yarmuth, Israel: A technological analysis
Authors: Manclossi Francesca , Rosen Steve A. , De Miroschedji Pierre
Published: March 2019

L’analyse technologique du matériel de Tel Yarmouth offre de nouvelles perspectives sur la nature du débitage cananéen et sur la structure de cette production très élaborée en la replaçant dans la société de l’âge du Bronze ancien. L’étude détaillée de tous les éléments de la production, débris, produits bruts et outils, montre clairement l’utilisation de la technique de la pression au levier. La présence dans le site de toutes les phases de la chaîne opératoire, y compris la collecte et la réduction de nodules, le débitage des lames et la transformation des lames en outils, indique que la production avait lieu sur place. L’absence de preuves d’un atelier proprement dit suggère que les lames étaient importées comme biens d’échange depuis des ateliers hors site, probablement par les tailleurs, et produites sur demande par ces mêmes tailleurs. En considérant le savoir-faire et les connaissances impliqués, le nombre de lames que chaque spécialiste pouvait produire et la répartition des débris, aussi bien à Tel Yarmouth que dans d’autres sites, la reconstruction de cette production spécialisée et de son système d’échange suggère que seul un nombre limité de tailleurs était engagé dans la production des lames cananéennes.
A separation: Caspian Mesolithic vs Trialetian lithic industry. A research on the excavated site of Komishan, southeast of the Caspian Sea, Iran
Authors: Jayez Mozhgan , Vahdati Nasab Hamed
Published: March 2019

Komishan Cave in the southeast of the Caspian Sea was selected for a small excavation in 2009 to address questions concerning the Mesolithic industries of the region. Two AMS dates present an age between 10,628 cal. BC and 11,771 cal. BC for the Mesolithic deposits. The chipped stone assemblage is characterised by large concentration of blade/ lets, notches/ denticulates, scrapers of all forms, especially end scrapers, borers, and backed pieces. This chipped stone assemblage is obviously most similar to those of Kamarband, Hotu and Alitepe regarding their locations, which are in the same climatic, geological and ecological conditions. The Mesolithic chipped stone industry of the southeast of the Caspian Sea has been previously attributed to Trialetian lithic industry. In this article the differences in raw material access, technological organization and the subsistence between these sites are discussed ; as a conclusion based on Human Ecology the Mesolithic of the east-southeast of the Caspian Sea should be separated from Trialetian Industry and presented as “ Caspian Mesolithic.”
Developing a complex network model of obsidian exchange in the Neolithic Near East: Linear regressions, ethnographic models and archaeological data
Authors: Ibáñez Juan José , Ortega David , Campos Daniel , Khalidi Lamya , Méndez Vicenç , Teira Luís
Published: March 2019

L’étude des échanges d’obsidienne permet d’obtenir une meilleure connaissance des systèmes d’interaction entre les villages sédentaires au début du Néolithique au Proche-Orient. Le modèle d’échange d’obsidienne, down-the-line, a dominé pour expliquer la diffusion de l’obsidienne entre les villages néolithiques. Cependant, l’information disponible sur la quantité d’obsidienne présente dans les sites, les simulations mathématiques de cette distribution et l’observation des parallèles ethnographiques suggèrent l’existence d’un modèle d’échange plus complexe au cours de cette période. Dans cet article, nous utilisons l’analyse de régression pour étudier les données archéologiques et proposer l’existence d’un réseau complexe, testé par modélisation mathématique, pour expliquer les échanges d’obsidienne. À l’appui des données ethnographiques et archéologiques, on discute des implications d’ordre social et économique de ce réseau complexe d’échanges entre les villages néolithiques.
Contacts between the Southern and Northern Levant in the first half of the 5th millennium BC: A pottery perspective from Jordan
Authors: Gabrieli Eva
Published: March 2019

Dans la première moitié du 5e millénaire av. J.-C., les territoires qui correspondent à la Jordanie actuelle ne semblent pas être très impliqués dans les réseaux commerciaux à longue distance, mais les similitudes entre leurs céramiques et celles du Levant septentrional et central attestent l’existence de «sphères d’interaction » ou «réseaux socio-matériels » qui impliquent une sorte de connexion avec ces zones. Bien que, très probablement, la plupart des contacts n’aient pas dépassé de courtes ou moyennes distances, ces interactions ont permis l’émergence et l’adoption d’importantes innovations à l’échelle pan-régionale, en contribuant à stimuler de profonds changements au niveau local. En effet, elles semblent avoir contribué au développement différentiel de zones telles que la partie nord de la vallée du Jourdain au Chalcolithique ancien.
La céramique carolingienne de La Calotterie (Visemarest)
Authors: Routier Jean-Claude
Published: March 2019

Zwischen 2005 und 2007 hat das INRAP im Rahmen der Erschließung von Grundstücken im Weiler Visemarest mehrere Diagnosen und eine Ausgrabung durchgeführt. Im Bereich des vermuteten portus Quentovic wurden merowingische und karolingische Siedlungsstrukturen nachgewiesen. Das Fundmaterial zeichnet sich durch seine Vielfältigkeit aus. Die besonders gut vertretene karolingische Keramik war Gegenstand typologischer Klassifizierungen und Tonanalysen, die eine lokale Produktion nahelegen. Die Beobachtung entspricht der Töpfertradition dieses Sektors des von Montreuil von der gallo-römischen Periode über das Mittelalter bis in die Gegenwart.
Two Jupiter-mass Planets Discovered by the KMTNet Survey in 2017
Authors: Shin I.-G. , Ryu Y.-H. , Yee J. C. , Gould A. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Shvartzvald Y. , Zang W. , Lee C.-U. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee Y. , Lee D.-J. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W.
Published: March 2019

We report two microlensing events, KMT-2017-BLG-1038 and KMT-2017-BLG-1146, that are caused by planetary systems. These events were discovered by Korea Microlensing Telescope Network survey observations from the 2017 bulge season. The discovered systems consist of a planet and host star with mass ratios of

and

, respectively. Based on a Bayesian analysis assuming a Galactic model without stellar remnant hosts, we find that the planet KMT-2017-BLG-1038Lb is a super-Jupiter-mass planet (

) orbiting a mid-M dwarf host (

) that is located at

kpc toward the Galactic bulge. The other planet, KMT-2017-BLG-1146Lb, is a sub-Jupiter-mass planet (

) orbiting a mid-M dwarf host (

) at a distance of

kpc toward the Galactic bulge. Both are potentially gaseous planets that are beyond their hosts’ snow lines. These typical microlensing planets will be routinely discovered by second-generation microlensing surveys, rapidly increasing the number of detections.
Growth and Settling of Dust Particles in Protoplanetary Nebulae: Implications for Opacity, Thermal Profile, and Gravitational Instability
Authors: Sengupta Debanjan , Dodson-Robinson Sarah E. , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Turner Neal J.
Published: March 2019

Despite making a small contribution to total protoplanetary disk mass, dust affects the disk temperature by controlling the absorption of starlight. As grains grow from their initial interstellar-medium-like size distribution, settling depletes the disk’s upper layers of dust and decreases the optical depth, cooling the interior. Here we investigate the effect of collisional growth of dust grains and their dynamics on the thermal and optical profile of the disk, and explore the possibility that cooling induced by grain growth and settling could lead to gravitational instability. We develop a Monte Carlo dust collision model with a weighting technique and allow particles to collisionally evolve through sticking and fragmentation, along with vertical settling and turbulent mixing. We explore three disk models and perform simulations for both constant and spatially variable turbulence profile. We then calculate mean wavelength-dependent opacities for the evolving disks and perform radiative transfer to calculate the temperature profile. Finally, we calculate the Toomre Q parameter, a measure of the disk’s stability against self-gravity, after it reaches a steady-state dust-size distribution. We find that even weak turbulence can keep submicrometer-sized particles stirred in the disk’s upper layer, affecting its optical and thermal profiles, and the growth of large particles in the midplane can make a massive disk optically thick at millimeter wavelengths, making it difficult to calculate the surface density of dust available for planet formation in the inner disk. Also, for all our initially marginally stable annuli, we find a small but noticeable reduction in Q.
A High-resolution Mid-infrared Survey of Water Emission from Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Salyk Colette , Lacy John , Richter Matt , Zhang Ke , Pontoppidan Klaus , Carr John S. , Najita Joan R. , Blake Geoffrey A.
Published: March 2019

We present the largest survey of spectrally resolved mid-infrared water emission to date, with spectra for 11 disks obtained with the Michelle and TEXES spectrographs on Gemini North. Water emission is detected in six of eight disks around classical T Tauri stars. Water emission is not detected in the transitional disks SR 24 N and SR 24 S, in spite of SR 24 S having pretransitional disk properties like DoAr 44, which does show water emission. With R ∼ 100,000, the TEXES water spectra have the highest spectral resolution possible at this time, and allow for detailed line shape analysis. We find that the mid-IR water emission lines are similar to the “narrow component” in CO rovibrational emission, consistent with disk radii of a few astronomical units. The emission lines are either single peaked, or consistent with a double peak. Single-peaked emission lines cannot be produced with a Keplerian disk model, and may suggest that water participates in the disk winds proposed to explain single-peaked CO emission lines. Double-peaked emission lines can be used to determine the radius at which the line emission luminosity drops off. For HL Tau, the lower limit on this measured dropoff radius is consistent with the 13 au dark ring. We also report variable line/continuum ratios from the disks around DR Tau and RW Aur, which we attribute to continuum changes and line flux changes, respectively. The reduction in RW Aur line flux corresponds with an observed dimming at visible wavelengths.
Spectral Hardening in Black Hole Accretion: Giving Spectral Modelers an f
Authors: Davis Shane W. , El-Abd Samer
Published: March 2019

By fitting synthetic spectral models computed via the TLUSTY code, we examine how the spectra from thin accretion disks are expected to vary in accreting black hole systems. We fit color-corrected blackbody models to our synthetic spectra to estimate the spectral hardening factor f, which parameterizes the departure from blackbody and is commonly used to help interpret multitemperature blackbody fitting results. We find we can define a reasonably robust f value to spectra when the effects of Compton scattering dominate radiation transfer. We examine the evolution of f with black hole mass and accretion rate, typically finding a moderate variation (f ∼ 1.4–2) for accretion rates between 1% and 100% of the Eddington rate. Consistent with most previous work, we find that f tends to increase with accretion rate, but we also infer a weaker correlation of f with black hole mass. We find that f is rarely much larger than 2 unless the disk becomes photon starved, in contention with some previous calculations. Significant spectral hardening (f > 2) is only found when the disk mass surface density is lower than expected for α-disk models unless α is near unity or larger.
Stellar Energetic Particles in the Magnetically Turbulent Habitable Zones of TRAPPIST-1-like Planetary Systems
Authors: Fraschetti F. , Drake J. J. , Alvarado-Gómez J. D. , Moschou S. P. , Garraffo C. , Cohen O.
Published: March 2019

Planets in close proximity to their parent star, such as those in the habitable zones around M dwarfs, could be subject to particularly high doses of particle radiation. We have carried out test-particle simulations of ∼GeV protons to investigate the propagation of energetic particles accelerated by flares or traveling shock waves within the stellar wind and magnetic field of a TRAPPIST-1-like system. Turbulence was simulated with small-scale magnetostatic perturbations with an isotropic power spectrum. We find that only a few percent of particles injected within half a stellar radius from the stellar surface escape, and that the escaping fraction increases strongly with increasing injection radius. Escaping particles are increasingly deflected and focused by the ambient spiraling magnetic field as the superimposed turbulence amplitude is increased. In our TRAPPIST-1-like simulations, regardless of the angular region of injection, particles are strongly focused onto two caps within the fast wind regions and centered on the equatorial planetary orbital plane. Based on a scaling relation between far-UV emission and energetic protons for solar flares applied to M dwarfs, the innermost putative habitable planet, TRAPPIST-1e, is bombarded by a proton flux up to 6 orders of magnitude larger than experienced by the present-day Earth. We note two mechanisms that could strongly limit EP fluxes from active stars: EPs from flares are contained by the stellar magnetic field; and potential CMEs that might generate EPs at larger distances also fail to escape.
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel HCV Inhibitor Targeting the Late Stage of HCV Life Cycle
Authors: Park Seung Bum , Boyer Audrey , Hu Zongyi , Le Derek , Liang T Jake
Published: March 2019

Background

Currently approved anti-HCV drugs, the direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), are highly effective and target the viral RNA replication stage of the HCV life cycle. Due to high mutation rate of HCV, drug resistant variants can arise during DAA monotherapy. Thus, a combination of DAAs is necessary to achieve a high response rate. Novel HCV inhibitors targeting the HCV late stage such as assembly and release may further improve combination therapy with the DAAs. Here we characterize one late stage-targeting candidate compound, 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-pyridin-3-amine (MLS000833705). Methods: We treated HCV-infected cells with MLS000833705 and other HCV inhibitors and examined HCV RNA and infectious titres. We evaluated the colocalization of HCV core and lipid droplets by confocal microscopy. We performed HCV core-proteinase K digestion assay and several lipid assays to study the mechanism of MLS000833705.

Results

We showed that MLS000833705 decreased extracellular HCV RNA levels more than intracellular HCV RNA levels in HCV infectious cell culture. Similarly, MLS000833705 reduced infectious HCV titres substantially more in the culture supernatant than intracellularly. Confocal microscopy showed that MLS000833705 did not affect the colocalization of HCV core protein with cellular lipid droplets where HCV assembles. HCV core-proteinase K digestion assay showed that MLS000833705 inhibited the envelopment of HCV capsid.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that MLS000833705 is a late-stage HCV inhibitor targeting HCV morphogenesis and maturation. Therefore, MLS000833705 can be used as a molecular probe to study HCV maturation and secretion and possibly guide development of a new class of HCV antivirals.
Reconhecimento das vulnerabilidades das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS: revisão narrativa da literatura/ Recognition of the people living with HIV/AIDS’ vulnerabilities: narrative review of the literature
Authors: Marani Jéssica Mikaely , Bossonario Pedro Augusto , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Santos Glauber Palha dos , Oliveira Cassiara Boeno Borges de , Monroe Aline Aparecida
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se descrever quais as situações de vulnerabilidades a que as pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS estão submetidas por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Este estudo considerou publicações entre os anos de 2010 e 2016. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado com a utilização de descritores controlados e palavras-chave nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), PubMed (National Library of Medicine)e Embase (Excerpta Medica data BASE). Foram recuperados 89 estudos que passaram por três etapas de seleção, dos quais foram incluídos nove artigos; estes abordavam aspectos da vulnerabilidade individual (situação física; conhecimentos, comportamentos e atitudes; e relações afetivo-sexuais), sociais (acesso à educação, emprego e salário) e programáticos (acesso e qualidade dos serviços de saúde).Conclui-se que é fundamental reconhecer as diferentes vulnerabilidades com suas dinâmicas e interfaces nos diferentes contextos sociais, políticos, econômicos e sanitários com vistas ao enfrentamento da epidemia do HIV e à produção de respostas considerando as singularidades e especificidades de indivíduos e/ou grupos sociais.
Qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/ Quality of life of people living with HIV
Authors: Cecilio Hellen Pollyanna Mantelo , Oliveira Denize Cristina , Oliveira Daniela Sousa , Domingues Juliana Pereira , Marques Sergio Correa
Published: March 2019

O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Os dados foram coletados de março a outubro de 2016 com 281 pessoas vivendo com HIV, atendidas em quatro serviços públicos de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento de dados socioeconômicos e clínicos e do WHOQOL-HIV bref, analisados por estatística inferencial buscando estabelecer as associações estatísticas entre os domínios da qualidade de vida e as variáveis socioeconômicas e clínicas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças estatísticas significantes, com maiores escores de qualidade de vida para o sexo masculino, idade entre 39 e 59 anos, educação superior, pessoas empregadas, com atividade remunerada e renda acima de dois salários mínimos, maior tempo de diagnóstico do HIV (acima de seis anos), usar TARV, estágio assintomático e sem alterações relacionadas à TARV, usar preservativo, não sentir-se doente e percepção positiva da saúde. Conclui-se que algumas condições socioeconômicas e clínicas favorecem ou não a avaliação mais positiva da qualidade de vida pelas pessoas vivendo com HIV.
Correlação entre preocupações adicionais e desempenho pessoal com a qualidade de vida na hospitalização para o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas/ Correlation between additional concerns and personal performance with the quality of life in hospitalization for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Machado Celina Angélica Mattos , Marques Angela Da Costa Barcellos , Lenhani Bruna Eloise , Tomim Dabna Hellen , Guimarães Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se correlacionar as preocupações adicionais e o desempenho pessoal com a qualidade de vida geral/global dos pacientes adultos com câncer hematológico, hospitalizados para o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas autólogo e alogênico.Estudo longitudinal, observacional e analítico, realizado em hospital público do sul do Brasil com 55 pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre setembro de 2013 e novembro de 2015. Foram utilizados os questionários sociodemográfico e clínico, Quality of Life Questionnarie Core-30 e o Functional Assessment of Câncer Therapy – Bone Marrow Transplant. Os dados foram avaliados com o auxílio do software Statística 7.0. A média de idade para o transplante autólogo foi de 45 anos, com predomínio do diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo; para o alogênico foi de 31 anos com predomínio da leucemia. A qualidade de vida geral/global, o desempenho pessoal e as preocupações adicionais caracterizadas pela imagem corporal, fadiga, sexualidade e apetite apresentaram médias significativamente menores no período de pancitopenia em relação ao basal, com gradativa melhora no período pré-alta hospitalar. Conclui-se que o transplante é uma terapêutica com potencial papel de cura, no entanto, acarreta em impactos negativos nos domínios da qualidade de vida, desempenho pessoal, preocupações adicionais e na experiência de vida dos receptores.
A espiritualidade e a religiosidade como estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecer e morrer / Spirituality and religiosity as coping strategies for illness and death
Authors: Bezerra Maria Simone Mendes , Souza Solange Pires Salomé de , Barbosa Maria Aparecida Rodrigues da Silva , Souza Ítala Paris de
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a espiritualidade e a religiosidade como estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento e da morte na juventude. Este moldou-se como estudo de situação, de abordagem compreensiva, por meio da história de vida operacionalizada pela entrevista em profundidade e pela observação. As entrevistas e os relatos de observação foram transcritos e organizados no diário de pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados, as narrativas foram agrupadas em diferentes conjuntos temáticos que foram reiterados com a aglutinação de temas em novos conjuntos. Para essa comunicação, destacamos o tema relacionado à espiritualidade e à religiosidade presentes no corpus de dados. A espiritualidade e a religiosidade, fortemente imbricadas na vida da jovem, surgem como importantes estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento e finitude. Reafirma-se, assim, a importância de que o profissional enfermeiro considere as crenças, os valores de cada pessoa, e os muitos sentidos que são atribuídos às experiências espirituais e religiosas de cada enfermo. Enfim, saber lidar com o que não é palpável torna-se crucial no momento em que se coloca ao lado do outro que se prepara para deixar essa vida.
Vivências das mães junto ao recém-nascido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/ Experiences of mothers with the newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Santos Milene Costa dos , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Hirsch Carolina Domingues , Norenberg Pamela Kath de Oliveira , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Nobre Camila Magroski Goulart
Published: March 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção dos familiares acerca de sua permanência junto ao recém-nascido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva com abordagem qualitativa com 10 mães de recém-nascidos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2018 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Este estudo identificou os seguintes domínios: a preparação da família para o enfrentamento; preparação da família para o cuidado e dificuldades vivenciadas pela família como importantes aspectos vivenciados por esses familiares durante o período de permanência no hospital. O preparo d a família para o enfrentamento e desenvolvimento do cuidado passa por muitas dificuldades, como a modificação das rotinas familiares e alguns aspectos estruturais e organizacionais que dificultaram a transição por essa etapa. Nesse sentido, percebe-se que os profissionais de saúde possuem um forte papel educativo nesse processo, uma vez que a família é preparada por estes para o enfrentamento a partir do recebimento de informações que esclarecem a causa da internação e os cuidados que serão necessários.
Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em universitários: diferenças entre os sexos / Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in university students: differences between the sexes
Authors: Back Ivi Ribeiro , Dias Beatriz Caroline , Batista Vanessa Carla , Ruiz Aline Gabriela Bega , Peruzzo Hellen Emília , Druciak Cristiane De Azevedo , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: comparar a prevalência de fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares em universitários segundo o sexo. Metodologia: estudo transversal realizado com acadêmicos do quarto ano de oito cursos de uma universidade pública no noroeste do Paraná. Foram avaliadas características socioeconômicas e do estilo de vida, pressão arterial, estado nutricional e circunferência abdominal. Na análise estatística, foi utilizada a regressão logística. Resultados: os 242 universitários avaliados tinham idade média de 22,46anos (±1,72), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (73,97%) e de cor branca (72,7%). De acordo com o IMC, 21,48% tinhamexcesso de peso, com maior frequência entre os do sexo masculino. Na regressão logística multivariada por sexo, constatou-se que homens apresentaram maiores chances para excesso de peso (ORaj=4,30; p=<0,001); tabagismo (ORaj=5,15; p=0,016); consumo de bebida alcoólica (ORaj=4,01; p=0,012) e para a prática de atividade física (ORaj=2,49; p=0,006). Conclusão: universitários dos sexos masculino e feminino apresentam diferenças de comportamento em relação aos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares.
Survey of the reproductive development of field-caught Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Frewin Andrew J. , Scaife Kevin , Fraser Hannah , Scott-Dupree Cynthia D.
Published: March 2019

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), also known as the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive agricultural and nuisance pest. Knowledge of the life history of insect pests is important for informing pest management activities. Some North American populations of H. halys have two generations per year, and it is suspected that H. halys may have a partial second generation in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. We determined the number of H. halys generations in Ontario by examining the reproductive development of field-caught adult females. The pattern of reproductive development we observed supports the conclusion that H. halys complete one generation per year in the Niagara Region of Ontario. Reproductively active H. halys were captured as early as May and continued until early September, and the peak of reproductively active individuals occurred between 250 and 550 degree days calculated with a sine-wave function and a lower threshold set to 14.17 °C.
A reconnaissance section through the Neoproterozoic Katherine Group of the northern Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, and implications for mapping its subdivisions
Authors: Fallas K M
Published: March 2019

Reconnaissance section FNA16A documents a well-exposed section through the Neoproterozoic Katherine Group and Cambrian Nainlin Formation along a creek in southwest Sans Sault Rapids map area (NTS 106H), northern Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories. It
provides a useful control point for the character and thickness of units not typically well-exposed in the northern Mackenzie Mountains, and will assist in the mapping of these units. The described units include: the uppermost Tsezotene Formation (interbedded mudrock, dolostone, and sandstone), the
Eduni Formation (sandstone dominated), Tawu Formation (interbedded mudrock and sandstone), the Grafe River Formation (sandstone dominated), the Etagochile Formation (mudrock, sandstone, and dolostone), the Shattered Range Formation (sandstone dominated), the Nainlin Formation (red-weathering
mudrocks and minor sandstone), and the lowermost beds of the Franklin Mountain Formation (dolostone). Identification of the recessive intervals within Tawu and Etagochile formations is important for the mapping of the formations of the lower Katherine Group.
Towards an authentic transformation of the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe
Authors: Masengwe Gift , Chimhanda Francisca H.
Published: March 2019

This article evaluates the impact of transformation in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (COCZ) over the past 10 years. The study is guided by the following questions: What does it mean to be COCZ in the Zimbabwean society? What is the COCZ mission that empowers it to play a meaningful role in nation building? The critical analysis is observed from the Christian education (CE) pedagogy. This raises questions on the historical foundations, transformation tenets and future plans and guidelines towards authentic transformation. Transformation could be affected by new developments, and thus participants need to be guided accordingly. The article gives a critical analysis of the COCZ journey experiences using a dialogical approach to CE. This study presupposes that lack of CE is a limiting factor to the transformation process in the church. This study is an interdisciplinary study that combines missiology, African ecclesiology and Christian theology. The study was conducted using surveys, observations and interviews among leaders and members of the COCZ.
In vitro and in vivo toxicity of coal fly Ash Lechate
Authors: Damasceno Kelme Cardoso , Cavalcante Adriana Kuchinski , Maziero Joana da Silva , Martini Gisela de Assis , Ormenio Matheus Beani , Mamede Fernanda Caroline da Silva , Miranda Caio da Silva , Campello Felipe Arrelaro , Izidoro Juliana de Carvalho , Rogero Sizue Ota , Fungaro Denise Alves , Lopes-Ferreira Monica Valdyrce dos Anjos , Rogero José Roberto
Published: March 2019

Coal Fly ash is a major solid waste from coal-fired power stations. In Brazil, more than 4 million tons per year of fly ash are generated and only 30% is applied as raw material for cement and concrete production. The remaining is disposed in on-site ponds, nearby abandoned or active mine sites and landfills. The inadequate disposal of fly ash may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants into the surrounding soil and groundwater. A combination of leaching tests, cytotoxicity and ecotoxicological assays were used in this studyin order toevaluate the possible adverse effects of coal fl y ash in non-target organisms. The sample was collected from coal-fi red power plant located in Southern Brazil and the coal fly ash was submitted to a leaching procedure using USEPA SW 864 Method 1311. The leachate was prepared in six dilutions: 1.56%, 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%. Acute toxicity tests were performed on NCTC clone 929 (CCIAL-020) culture cells by neutral red uptake cytotoxicity method; acute ecotoxicity usingDaphnia similisand Danio rerio embryos according to ABNT NBR 12713 and OECD 236, respectively were employed. The cytotoxicity index (CI50) obtained was 33%; the EC50of D. similis after 48 h of exposure to the leachate was 7.25% and the LC50of D. rerio after 96 h of exposure was 4.39%. The results of these bioassays indicated toxicity of the coal fly ash leachate toward exposed organisms.