bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Various Honey Varieties on Wound Complication in Four Selected Hospitals in F.C.T, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: PT Ajobiewe , HF Ajobiewe , JO Ajobiewe , PA Udefuna , AA Ogundeji , AN Yashim , KK Alau , AE Ibrahim , JOK Abioye , WM Okoye , L Umeji
Published: April 2022

Honey has been used in wound dressing for thousands of years, but only in more recent times has a scientific explanation become available for its effectiveness. The principle aim and objectives of this current work on honey was to confirm this assertion on the usefulness and medicinal value of honey. It also probed the broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity of Honey however we observed that there was much variation in potencies between different honeys from diverse sources. In this context, Gelam, Tualang and Manuka honey is used on wound complication to assess their healing potentials in which each of the honeys are applied on dressing before put on the affected lesions on the skin. Statistical analysis such as chi- square (χ2) test is used to compare association of diverse honey varieties which shows that the differences between honey varieties are not significant (P<0.05). Glucose oxidase is induced but regain its activity if the honey is diluted. It can be concluded from in vitro studies that honey has powerful antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against dermatologically relevant microbes.
Optimasi Formula Patch Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Dengan Kombinasi Matriks HPMC Dan PEG 400 Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yulianti Tristina , Puspitasari Dian , Wahyudi Didik
Published: April 2022

Jerawat merupakan penyakit kulit yang diakibatkan karena adanya peradangan yang disertai dengan penyumbatan minyak kulit dan rambut yang ditandai dengan adanya komedo, papule, pustule, dan nodul. Salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Patch adalah sediaan dengan perekat (lapisan adhesif) yang mengandung obat, yang ditempatkan pada kulit untuk memberikan dosis pengobatan tertentu melalui kulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi HPMC dan PEG 400 yang dapat memberikan efek antibakteri yang baik dan mengetahui evaluasi sediaan patch yang baik secara fisik. Ekstraksi biji pepaya menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, dan dibuat 8 formula sediaan patch. Uji sifat fisik sediaan patch yang dilakukan meliputi keseragaman bobot, ketahanan lipatan, ketebalan, dan pH. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan patch dilakukan dengan metode Kirby bauer. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan statistic Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian formula patch dengan kombinasi HPMC 5,09 gram dan PEG 400 4,91 gram memiliki karakteristik yang baik. Hasil uji aktivitas sediaan patch ekstrak etanol biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan daya hambat rata-rata sebesar 17,59 mm dengan kategori kuat.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Azzahra Fara , Madhani Vyanka
Published: April 2022

Daun alpukat diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri air perasan dan ekstrak etanol daun alpukat terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan air perasan dan ekstrak etanol daun alpukat konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, kontrol positif siprofloksasin 5µg/disk, kontrol negatif aquadest steril, kontrol pelarut etanol 96%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney. Zona hambat yang terbentuk dikategorikan berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Ekstrak etanol daun alpukat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis pada konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10% sebesar 7,68± 0,16mm; 7,54±0,02 mm; 7,89±0,21 mm; 8,18±0,04 mm dan 8,50±0,28 mm dengan kategori resisten. Diameter zona hambat siprofloksasin sebesar 35,98±0,03mm dengan kategori sensitif. Secara statistik, ekstrak etanol daun alpukat mempunyai perbedaan signifikan terhadap siprofloksasin, air perasan daun alpukat tidak mempunyai efek antibakteri pada semua konsentrasi. Kesimpulan penelitian, air perasan daun alpukat tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, sedangkan ekstrak etanol daun alpukat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis, tetapi potensinya tidak sebanding dengan siprofloksasin dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. epidermidis.
PROFIL PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIVIRUS COVID-19 DI RSUD dr. MURJANI-SAMPIT
Authors:   Universitas Surabaya, Suryanti Etik , Rahem Abdul ,   Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Purnamayanti Anita ,   Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) until now still defines Covid-19 as a global pandemic where this pandemic is the cause of the biggest public health crisis in this century. RSUD dr. Murjani-Sampit uses several antivirals, including Oseltamivir 75 mg, Favipiravir 200 mg, Remdesivir 200 mg. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiviral profile given to covid-19 patients at dr. Murjani-Sampit. This study used a total sample of hospitalized patients who were given COVID-19 antiviral therapy in the period August 2021. This research method used an observational research design with retrospective sampling. Data collection techniques based on observation of patient prescription data recorded in the pharmacy installation management information system of RSUD dr. Murjani-Sampit. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis with the most data on the use of antiviral drugs and the average percentage for the period August 2021 at dr. Murjani-Sampit which opened 275 patients. The results showed that the most widely administered antivirals were favipiravir 200 mg in 249 patients (90.54%), remdesivir 200 mg in 17 patients (6.18%) and oseltamivir as adjuvant or additional therapy due to influenza in 9 patients (3.27%). The conclusion of this study is that the antivirals used include oseltamivir 75 mg 3.27%, favipiravir 200 mg 90.54%, and remdesivir 200 mg 6.18%.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK MIKROPARTIKEL KUERSETIN DENGAN KOMBINASI KITOSAN-NATRIUM TRIPOLIFOSFAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE ORIFICE IONIC GELATION
Authors:   Departemen Farmasetika, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Pradana Aditya Trias , Nawatila Roisah , Rachman Muhammad Rifani
Published: April 2022

Antioxidants are compounds to resist free radicals. The natural antioxidant group that is currently being developed is the flavonoid group, one of which is quercetin. Quercetin has a low solubility, so it can be increased by reducing the particle size. This study aims to determine the differences that are influenced by the combination of chitosan polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate as matrix forming quercetin microparticles on the physical characteristics of the results made using the orifice ionic gelation method. The resulting preparation showed a particle size of 1326.33 nm; 3497.33 nm; and 6000 nm at various concentrations of 0.2% chitosan and 0.1%; 0.2%; and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate, respectively. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results showed that there was no change in the marker group on quercetin and an ionic bond was formed between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) results showed that the crystalline structure of quercetin changed to become more amorphous. Although the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results, it is seen that the quercetin microparticles produced are needle-shaped, especially when the concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate is increased. Based on the results of these physical characteristics, it can be proven that the microparticle was formed at various concentrations of the polymer concentration combination with the best characteristics are on 0.2% chitosan and 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate concentration.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINYAK BIJI JINTEN HITAM TERHADAP KADAR INTERLEUKIN-6 PADA PEROKOK AKTIF SEHAT
Authors:   Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Santoso Arif , Akrom Akrom ,   STIKES Karya Putra Bangsa, Nuraini Laela Hayu , Hidayati Titiek ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Published: April 2022

Exposure to cigarette smoke causes cellular oxidative stress and is the key to the inflammatory process in the lungs. Black cumin seed oil (MBJH) is one of the traditional medicines that is proven to contain the active substances timoquinone, nigelon and negelin which have antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a multifunctional cytokine that is very important for determining the immune response, cell survival, apoptosis and proliferation and is a protumorogenic agent in many cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of IL-6 in healthy active smokers after being given MBJH at a dose of 0.5 ml/capsule. The research design used was a single blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). A total of 39 healthy healthy active smokers were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 was given a placebo 3x1 capsules/day, group 2 was given MBJH 3x1 capsules/day, group 3 was given MBJH 3x2 capsules/day and group 4 was given MBJH 3x3 capsules/day. The placebo and MBJH interventions were administered for 30 days. Statistical analysis obtained showed that there was no significant difference in the mean levels of IL-6 between the treatment group and the placebo group with p>0.05. The results showed that the use of MBJH for 30 days can reduce the average level of Interleukin-6 but not significantly in healthy active smokers.
Implementation of Distributed AI in an Autonomous Driving Application
Authors: Rahimunnisa K.
Published: April 2022

Vehicle driving is an art to be performed with maximum attention. A small distraction or error in the driving practice may lead to severe problem to the people and the vehicle. The autonomous driving systems are implemented partially in few applications to rectify such human errors through an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm. The AI algorithms require certain peripheral units like camera and sensors for their operation and are very effective and fast compared to the manual process. The computational complexity of autonomous driving systems are very high than the other applications where it requires continuous monitoring and instantaneous processing. Therefore it requires a huge amount of memory space and heavy processors. To address such limitations, the recent year applications are implemented with a cloud communication system for processing the collected data in a remote place. However, security and communication concerns present in such models have led this proposed work to implement a distributed AI architecture for an autonomous driving system.
The Impeccable Zapu and ANC Alliance in Retrospect: The 1967 Wankie and 1968 Sipolilo Campaigns
Authors: Dumiso Dabengwa
Published: April 2022

For ZPRA the battle of Wankie was understandably the watershed in the history of Zimbabwe and South Africa's armed liberation struggles. The Luthuli detachment’s indomitable fighters proved the lie of the invincibility of the Rhodesian and South African racist and apartheid regimes.
SIX ASIDES ON ART & LIES
Authors: Ashraf Jamal
Published: April 2022

It was a brisk afternoon in a valley in Yorkshire in the north of England when my art teacher, Mr Waddington, standing beside me seated at my easel, first introduced me to Charles Darwin’s phrase, ‘cryptic colouration’ – an organism’s ability to blend into its surroundings. The phrase has stuck with me, spurring a long-standing interest in mimicry – the relationship between survivaland calculated obscurity.
The Ghost in the Machine: The Ethical Risks of AI
Authors: Emile Ormond
Published: April 2022

A group of eminent scientists, including the late physicist Stephen Hawking, notoriously claimed that: “Success in creating artificial intelligence (AI) would be the biggest event in human history. Unfortunately, it might also be the last" (Hawkings et al., 2014).
What Possible Futures for Africa Post-Covid-19?
Authors: A.K. Segobye  , A. Sall  , E. Picard
Published: April 2022

In 1999, a ground-breaking project was initiated by the National Long-Term Perspective Studies (NLTPS) programme, with the financial support of UNDP, aimed at exploring the long-term development prospects of sub-Saharan Africa.
Battling Covid-19 with Artificial Intelligence: What Will Work in Africa?
Authors: Abejide Ade-Ibijola  , Charis Harley
Published: April 2022

Can AI really help?Many researchers and industry experts working in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have claimed that AI holds the answers to the past, present, and future difficulties faced by humankind.
The Effects of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Positive Development of Young People in Malamulele, South Africa
Authors: Thulani Andrew Chauke  , Rachel Chinyakata
Published: April 2022

The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought dire social, economic, physical and mental health consequences worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020). The rapid increase of Covid-19 infections and fatalities has caused much concern around the world and has resulted in the implementation of various mitigation measures. Covid-19 has taken everyone by surprise, and disrupted the world’s economy tremendously.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Level of Productivity and Industrial Development in South Africa
Authors: Thakaramahlaha Lehohla  , Pule Kholopane
Published: April 2022

South Africa has identified the manufacturing sector as a key driver of the economy via the re-industrialisation drive, with incentive programmes such as the Manufacturing Competitive Enhancement Programme (MCEP), Cluster Development Programme (CDP), 12I Tax Allowance Incentive, and Special Economic Zones (SEZs).
Contributors to Issue 84
Authors: Prof Ronit Frenkel
Published: April 2022

All contributing analysts write in their personal capacit.
Race, transformation and education as contradictions in a neoliberal South Africa
Authors: Dilraj Isha
Published: April 2022

In navigating the complexities of race and inequality in South African society, shadowed by colonialism and apartheid, the term transformation has gained traction as the mantra for growth, retribution, education reform, and economic and societal prosperity. However, the capitalistic and neoliberal environment within which the country operates has resulted in transformation initiatives becoming an obsolete contradiction. The education arena, in particular, exemplifies this contradiction and the plethora of inequalities still prevalent in society today. Race has been, and still is, at the forefront of understanding societal inequalities and socio-economic challenges, even though it doesn’t operate in isolation, and relies on the chaotic politics of intersectionality to reveal how power operates in ways which occlude and disguise different kinds of inequalities. In this article, I focus on race as a construct and its deep-rooted significance in South African society, by dissecting conceptualisations of race as a signifier and symbolic, as a structure of division and marker of exclusion, and as a construct of power. Presenting these conceptualisations of race sets the foundation for understanding why transformation initiatives became focal and imperative in charting a new, democratic course in the country. However, these initiatives have become blatant contradictions, as exemplified in the Covid-19 moment in relation to the education sector and the return of students to schools, highlighting deep-rooted inequalities. In acknowledging the severe plight of South African society, handicapped by a superfluity of disparities and discrimination, an offer of hope to reimagine society is deliberated as a way forward, by analysing concepts of antiracism, decoloniality, and a turn to re-defining transformation initiatives to free society from the captivity of neoliberal mentality.
The Publishing Race
Authors: Misbach A.W.
Published: April 2022

In October 2020, The Thinker received an open letter from Waghied Misbach as part of a call for papers on a special edition on “Race. Racism. Anti-Racism.” As this letter was about what he termed, “the erasure of black lives” in publishing, I decided to publish the letter and invited Terry Morris from Pan Macmillan to respond in the interests of fairness and open debate.

Terry Morris, in turn, sent the letter to Fiona Snyckers. While Fiona Snyckers send me a response, it was not addressed as an open letter. As such, it has not been published here. What follows is the original open letter from Waghied Misbach, Terry Morris’ response and finally Waghied Misbach’s response in return. Due to publication deadlines for this issue, we have not been able to follow up on this debate any further at this time. The Thinker supports open debate and academic freedom. However, a portion of the first letter has been redacted with the author’s permission, due to the potential for litigation. The Thinker encourages a scholarly engagement of  ideas and does not serve as a vehicle for potentially litigious comment.
Casting the George Floyd story in a broader context
Authors: Tjihenuna Gerson Uaripi
Published: April 2022

On 9 June 2020, viewers around the globe were glued to international TV networks to watch the live coverage of the funeral of George Floyd, an African-American man who was killed by the police during an arrest in Minneapolis on May 25 2020. Police brutality against African-Americans is not something new and this is what led to the slogan ‘Black Lives Matter’ that has been the lodestar of the recent waves of protest. The American Police Force is embedded with systemic racism which seems to have been reinforced by Donald Trump’s presidency.

However, the brutal killing of Floyd should be understood in a broader context. The Black race has gone through many dehumanising experiences, including the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, colonialism, and all manner of discrimination. This, in turn, has led to an inferiority complex because, for the most part, we have been defined by others – and not in the most positive of terms to say the least. There is a need for a conscious paradigm shift to transcend from a negative self-image to a positive one on the part of Black people all over the world. It is high time we stood up to define ourselves.
The historical roots of post-apartheid intra-working-class racism
Authors: Motaung Tlhabane Mokhine ‘Dan’
Published: April 2022

Both European colonialism and apartheid shaped the economic history of South Africa, at the heart of which was the super exploitation of Black labour for the benefits of capital, the state, and white labour. While the early mercantile and agricultural economic stages influenced South Africa’s racial capitalism, it was the era of the mineral revolution in the late 19th century – as well as the attendant imperative for cheap, Black labour – which formed the bedrock of the Union of South Africa in 1910 and later necessitated the rise of the apartheid state. With vested interests in the racist and later racialist order, which constituted them as the racialised labour aristocracy, white labour conceived of its identity – in racial and cultural terms – as part of European society. Consequently, an increasing social gulf emerged between Black/African labour and white labour, whose world outlooks were deeply immersed in racist metaphysics. Post-apartheid South Africa has inherited this dual, contradictory, and mutually antagonistic historical consciousness. This has been exacerbated by poor economic performance based on a neo-liberal framework, the social visibility of the often-self-assertive emerging Black middle class resulting from government affirmative policies, and the relative impoverishment of the white working class as they begin to face the cut and thrust of labour market with no preferential state cover. In view of this history of racialised capitalism, racism in post-apartheid South Africa is largely located within the Black and white working-class socio-economic space, as the latter forfeited its racially vested interests while the former derive the benefits of corrective state action.
‘What’s Your Story?’ Building Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Candice Harrison-Train  , Carmel Marock  , Sally Field
Published: April 2022

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (EDI) are critical issues for leaders, communities, and organisations. Throughout history, telling stories has been a method for people to make sense of their environment, organise experiences and ideas, and communicate with their community to create shared understanding. Heartlines, a South African centre for values promotion, developed ‘What’s Your Story?’ (WYS) – a simple, yet effective initiative to build greater understanding, cohesion, trust, and reconciliation through the sharing of stories. An external evaluation of the programme used a mix of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods to assess WYS implementation in church communities and workplaces. The study showed strong evidence that being exposed to WYS results in positive changes at the level of the individual, within churches, workplaces or other organisations, and in the wider community. The findings demonstrated that WYS enhanced empathic skills and suggests that this is a useful approach to enhancing appreciation of diversity and building inclusivity.
Book Interview: Post-Apartheid Same-Sex Sexualities: Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture, by Andy Carolin
Authors: Leila Hall  , Andy Carolin
Published: April 2022

Leila Hall – a PhD student in the Department of English at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) and Assistant Editor of The Thinker – talks to Dr. Andy Carolin, Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education at UJ, about his recently published book, Post-Apartheid Same-Sex Sexualities: Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture (Routledge, 2021).
The AfCFTA and the Promise of Intra-Continental Trade in Africa
Authors: Marcus Hollington
Published: April 2022

This article takes stock of the state of intra-continental trade in Africa by reviewing trends in the continent’s five sub-regional trading blocs in terms of their strengths and shortcomings, in order to assess the continent’s trade efficiency on an intra-regional level ahead of the rollout of a continent-wide free trade area. Thereafter, the article assesses trade indicators seen over the past decade to illustrate the amount of goods traded to prognosticate the future of intra-continental trade on the continent in the wake of discussing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Implications for youth are cast in the wider imperatives of the continent’s developmental agenda and post-Covid-19 economic recovery.
Book Review: The New Border Wars: The Conflicts That Will Define Our Future
Authors: Miguel Dos Santos
Published: April 2022

Upon first inspection of The New Border Wars, the reader is introduced at breakneck speed to the multitude of topic areas that Professor Dodds aims to address in this work and how they are all connected to those enigmatic objects known as ‘borders’. For the overwhelming majority of humanity, borders are far-away things, lines on a map. They appear to be naturally assumed boundaries that place people into categories of ‘us’, ‘them’ and ‘elsewhere’, with little impact on people’s everyday lives. It is this basic assumption that The New Border Wars breaks down, immediately showing the reader from the introduction that borders have always been malleable tools for the powers that be to use, and often abuse, for legal, political, and (more often in our world today) financial gains.
Coloniality, Legitimacy in Statebuilding, and the Use of Force in Africa
Authors: Igba Samuel Ajogwu , Liaga Emmaculate Asige
Published: April 2022

In Africa, legitimation and claims to the legitimate use of force are often challenged by the problematic nature of ethnic diversity, amongst other things. Although ethnicity and diversity are not the problems in themselves, the politicisation of ethnicity is. In this paper, we link this to a history of colonisation which clustered multiple ethnic groups together within single sovereign entities around the continent, as well as the current realities of coloniality which has prevented states within the continent from imagining and transcending the European artefact and design of the modern state in Africa. We link the exploratory term coloniality in statebuilding to the failure of African states to overcome the politicisation of ethnicity and ethnic diversity in order to mitigate the problematic nature of democracy in modern African states. This failure leads to challenges of legitimacy in any given state, and ultimately the states’ claim to the legitimate use of force. The resultant symptoms and indicators of such challenges are manifest in the rise of various insurgencies, separatism, and other forms of insecurity. The cases of Kenya, South Sudan, Nigeria, and Somalia are briefly discussed in this article, highlighting the problematic nature of the claims to the legitimate use of force, legitimacy, and the resultant political ethnicity with all its consequences for these states.
PASAR WISATA TANAMAN HIAS DI KARANGANYAR DENGAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH REKREATIF DAN PROMOTIF
Authors: Respati Agung , Ismadi  , Rully
Published: April 2022

Karanganyar mempunyai kondisi geografis yang sangat baik untuk budidaya tanaman hias. Banyak petani berprofesi sebagai pengusaha tanaman hias, namun manajemen pemasarannya masih tradisional, yakni mengandalkan orang yang kebetulan datang ke kebun tanamannya. Hal ini menjadikan penghasilan mereka minim. Permasalahannya adalah fasilitas apa yang harus disediakan agar dapat meningkatkan omzet penjualan para pengusaha tanaman hias ini? Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan konsep perencanaan dan perancangan arsitektur yang tepat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif, analitik, dan sintetis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebuah desain pusat pasar wisata tanaman hias yang berkonsep rekreatif dan promotif di daerah Tawangmangu, kabupaten Karanganyar.

Kata kunci: Pasar Wisata,Rekreatif, Promotif
EVALUASI DAN PERENCANAAN SISTEM DRAINASE PERKOTAAN
Authors: Vicky Yoga Arisma  , Erni Mulyandari  , Teguh Yuono
Published: April 2022

Permasalahan yang ada pada Jalan Kapten Mulyadi yaitu munculnya genangan air ketika hujan turun. Hal tersebut terjadi akibat perubahan tata guna lahan dan kondisi eksisting saluran drainase yang ada tidak berfungsi secara maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya genangan, menghitung kapasitas saluran drainase eksisting, dan merencanakan ulang dimensi saluran drainase di lokasi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu dengan melakukan survei terlebih dahulu di lokasi penelitian kemudian menganalisis data yang diperoleh dengan aturan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa penampang saluran drainase eksisting kurang memadai atau terlalu kecil sehingga perlu dilakukan perencanaan ulang agar saluran mampu menampung debit limpasan air hujan dan air dari perumahan sekitar sehingga tidak menimbulkan terjadinya genangan ataupun banjir. Adapun hasil perencanaan dimensi saluran drainase yang baru dengan menggunakan debit banjir kala ulang 25 tahun adalah sebagai berikut, nilai tinggi muka air dari dasar saluran (y) = 0,25 m; lebar saluran (b) = 0,50 m; dan tinggi saluran (H) = 0,45 m.
Effectiveness of trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation for refractory paediatric glaucoma
Authors: Azhar Fiza , Qayyum Sema , Mushtaq Asma , Raza Ahmed , Zaman Asad
Published: April 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation in lowering intraocular pressure in the paediatric population.Patients and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2020 and January 2021 in Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital, Lahore. Total 45 eyes of 42 children of age 1-14 years, both genders, with glaucoma were enrolled in this study. Diode cyclophotocoagulation unit and probe of make Quantel Medical was used for cycloablation under general anesthesia. Postoperative intraocular pressure was noted by using handheld Perkins applanation tonometer Mk2 after every 3 weeks for 12 weeks. If an IOP of ≤21mmHg was achieved, then efficacy or success was labeled. Patients with an IOP of >21mmHg after 12 weeks were selected for repeat cycloablation treatment. Failure was labeled to an IOP of >21mmHg even after a repeat session. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24. Results: In this study, 45 eyes were included with a mean age of 4.49 ± 3.12 years. There were 21 (46.7%) males and 24 (53.3%) females. At the time of presentation, the most common diagnosis was primary congenital glaucoma [28 (62.2%)], followed by aphakic glaucoma [10 (22%)], Anterior segment dysgenesis [2 (4.4%)], Pseudophakic glaucoma [2 (4.4%)], Sturge weber syndrome [2 (4.4%)] and Post-traumatic [1 (2.2%)]. The mean IOP at baseline was 26.67±3.66 mmHg, which was reduced to 19.60±6.33 mmHg with mean change in IOP of 7.07±4.56 mmHg (p<0.05). The mean anti-glaucoma drugs used at baseline was 2.91±0.42, which was reduced to 0.93±1.2 with mean change in use of anti-glaucoma drugs of 1.98±1.06 (p<0.05). Success was achieved in 34 (75.56%) eyes, while 11 (24.44%) needed second session. After repeat session 2 (4.4%) eyes went into treatment failure.Conclusion: Diode cyclophotocoagulation is a useful therapy for the management of glaucoma in children.
Treatment response in prostatic neoplastic lesions using CyberKnife (stereotactic body radiation therapy)
Authors: Sultana Nimrah , Shoukat Shaista , Memon Bakhtawar , Kadri Shazia , Saeed Kamran
Published: April 2022

Objective: To evaluate the treatment response of CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with prostatic neoplastic lesions.Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Radiology and Cyberknife Robotic Radiosurgery Department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from 22nd June 2019 to 21st June 2020. Males with biopsy-proven prostatic adenocarcinoma with age 55 years or more having Gleason's score of 6 to 8, clinical stage of T1 to T2C, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of ≤30 ng/ml were consecutively enrolled. Detailed information regarding PSA concentration, Gleason score, T stage, risk group and ADT (Androgen Deprivation Therapy) usage were noted which were given to high risk patients only for 9 months. Drop in the PSA (biochemical marker) was assessed at baseline, at 3 months and 6 months follow-up.Results: The median age of the patients was 65 years. The overall median PSA level was 2.7 (0.86-7.3) ng/ml. Majority 49 (90.7%) patients presented with T2 N0 M0 TNM status while only 5 (9.3%) patients presented with T1 N0 M0 TNM status. There were 5 (9.3%) patients with high risk, 26 (48.1%) with intermediate risk, and 23 (42.6%) with low risk. ADT was received by 5 (9.3%) patients. The median PSA at baseline was 10.1 (6.9-18.1) ng/ml which significantly drops to 1.6 (0.8-3.6) ng/ml at 3rd months, and 0.4 (0.2-1.2) at 6th months (p-value <0.01).Conclusion: The findings showed an adequate treatment response of CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy of patients with prostatic neoplastic lesions.
Pattern of dermatophytes among skin, hair, and nail specimens in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore
Authors: Ahmad Majid Rauf , Javed Iffat , Mushtaq Sohaila , Anwar Saeed , Cheema Kanwal Hassan
Published: April 2022

Background: Dermatophytes are considered to be the most common cause fungal of infections globally. The geographical distribution of these fungi varies from region to region. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the frequency and variety of various dermatophytes from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses.Patients and methods: This was a descriptive study carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Post graduate Medical Institute, Lahore over a period of nine months from July 2013 till March 2014. Nonprobability convenient sampling was used. One hundred clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were selected for this study. Specimen of skin, hair and nail were taken from patients and were evaluated by both microscopic examination and culture. Dermatophytes were identified based on the colony morphology as well as microscopic arrangement of macroconidia and microconidia. Data was collected and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: Out of a total of 100 patients, 48 were male and 52 were female. The majority of cases were from the age group of 31-40 (25%) followed by less than 10 years (18%). Out of hundred patients, 59 (59%) were positive on direct microscopy with KOH wet mount. Fungal culture was positive in 56 (56%) cases. Out of these 56 positive cultures, twenty-three were identified as dermatophyte species. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest isolate. Other dermatophyte species isolated were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrocosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Microsporum audonii.Conclusion: Studying the pattern of dermatophyte species is necessary as it helps in the early diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. This study identified Trichophyton rubrum as the commonest etiological agent of dermatophytoses.
Analysis of rail traffic vibrations’ impact on a residential building. A case study
Authors: BUKAŁA Michał , CHMIELEWSKI Ryszard , CHYLA Andrzej , KRUSZKA Leopold , JANUSZEWSKI Bartosz , OSTATEK Paweł , SOBCZYK Kamil
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the harmful effects of vibrations caused by train traffic in the area of the Radzionków train station and transmitted through the substrate soil to a neighbouring residential building. Mechanical vibrations caused by train traffic were assessed pursuant to the requirements specified in the Polish PN-B-02170:2016-12 standard and compared with the standard threshold values. The research methodology, taking into account a description and location of the measurement site and specification of the measurement apparatus, is also presented.
Oleuropein inhibits pancreatic cancer through miR-190b-5p induction
Authors: Xu Qian , Huang Xiaobing , Wu Ningzi , Hou Peifeng
Published: April 2022

Background: Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate of all major cancers. Till now, surgical resection is considered the only potentially curative therapy. The aim of this study was to study oleuropein (Ole) as an alternative treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Methods: First, we determined the tumor-inhibitory effect of Ole in pancreatic cancer cell lines and the KPC mouse model. Second, we employed microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify microRNAs (miRNA) regulated by Ole in pancreatic cancer. Third, we mapped out the downstream target of the miRNA candidate by luciferase assay and western blotting. Finally, we measured the tissue expression of the miRNA candidate in clinical samples. Both in vitro and in vivo studies supported Ole treatment suppressed pancreatic cancer.

Results: We profiled miRNAs changes induced by Ole and identified miR-190b-5p as a novel functional player in Ole-mediated pancreatic cancer suppression. Further on, we reported that TCF4 in Wnt signaling was a direct target of miR-190b-5p. The suppression of Wnt signaling by miR-190b-5p was attributed to Ole-induced tumor inhibition in a pancreatic cancer model. Finally, we showed that miR-190b-5p was downregulated in human clinical cancer samples.

Conclusion: In summary, we discovered that Ole carried anti-pancreatic cancer function. MiR-190b-5p induced by Ole was a potential therapeutic target.
Polarization multiplexed bit data recording to submicron-particles-arrayed optical storage
Authors: Okuzono Daiki , Egami Chikara
Published: April 2022

In this study, a submicron-particles-arrayed optical storage disk was fabricated by the spin coating method. Moreover, we have formed a multi-valued pit by irradiating linearly polarized laser beams at multiple angles (0° and 90°). The optical setup has the semiconductor laser (λ = 637 nm) for reconstructing and the SHG-YVO4 laser (λ = 532 nm) for recording. The optical setup measured the submicron-particles-arrayed optical storage as a confocal image by 2D scanning with a motorized stage.
Dynamical system of optical soliton parameters for anti-cubic and generalized anti-cubic nonlinearities with super-Gaussian and super-sech pulses
Authors: Ayela Amour Marc , Edah Gaston , Biswas Anjan , Qin Zhou  , Yıldırım Yakup , Khan Salam , Alzahrani Abdullah K. , Belic Milivoj R.
Published: April 2022

The parameter dynamics of solitons, propagating through optical fibers, is emerged from the usage of variational principle. The anti-cubic nonlinearity and its generalized version are studied. This study reveals that the center position does not affect the dynamics of different parameters and only soliton power and linear momentum are conserved quantities.
The study of temperature measurement based on the transmission of fixed wavelengths for helical long-period grating
Authors: Yunfeng Bai  , Zelong He  , Suihu Dang
Published: April 2022

This research involves a fixed wavelength and dual-wavelength ratio temperature measurement for helical long-period grating. There are two resonant dips near 1475 and 1520 nm, with the pitch length 782 μm. The temperature sensitivity of resonance wavelengths is about 0.06 nm/°C. Both theoretical simulation and experiment results show that the transmission of a fixed wavelength linearly changes with the temperature. It has a high application value for measuring temperature. Besides, the dual-wavelength ratio is studied to eliminate the influence of light source. The temperature sensitivity of transmission intensity ratio of I1469.6nm/I0 and I1469.6nm/I1526.5nm are about 1.0076/°C and 0.0155/°C, respectively, so the dual-wavelength ratio is more practical. And the 0.0155 times intensity change could be much more easily measured than the 0.06 nm wavelength change for each degree Celsius. So the dual-wavelength ratio of the helical long-period gratings is very suitable for temperature sensors.
Uncountably Many Minimal Hereditary Classes of Graphs of Unbounded Clique-Width
Authors: Brignall Robert , Cocks Daniel
Published: April 2022

Given an infinite word over the alphabet $\{0,1,2,3\}$, we define a class of bipartite hereditary graphs $\mathcal{G}^\alpha$, and show that $\mathcal{G}^\alpha$ has unbounded clique-width unless $\alpha$ contains at most finitely many non-zero letters.

We also show that $\mathcal{G}^\alpha$ is minimal of unbounded clique-width if and only if $\alpha$ belongs to a precisely defined collection of words $\Gamma$. The set $\Gamma$ includes all almost periodic words containing at least one non-zero letter, which both enables us to exhibit uncountably many pairwise distinct minimal classes of unbounded clique width, and also proves one direction of a conjecture due to Collins, Foniok, Korpelainen, Lozin and Zamaraev. Finally, we show that the other direction of the conjecture is false, since $\Gamma$ also contains words that are not almost periodic.
On Explicit Constructions of Designs
Authors: Liu Xizhi , Mubayi Dhruv
Published: April 2022

An $(n,r,s)$-system is an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices such that every pair of edges has an intersection of size less than $s$. Using probabilistic arguments, Rödl and Šiňajová showed that for all fixed integers $r> s \ge 2$, there exists an $(n,r,s)$-system with independence number $O\left(n^{1-\delta+o(1)}\right)$ for some optimal constant $\delta >0$ only related to $r$ and $s$. We show that for certain pairs $(r,s)$ with $s\le r/2$ there exists an explicit construction of an $(n,r,s)$-system with independence number $O\left(n^{1-\epsilon}\right)$, where $\epsilon > 0$ is an absolute constant only related to $r$ and $s$. Previously this was known only for $s>r/2$ by results of Chattopadhyay and Goodman.
The Effect of Overlapped Roles of Ownership, Leadership and Management in Post-Civil War Somali Universities
Authors: Farah Abdiqani Ahmed
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the overlap that exists in the governance systems of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Somalia. Then, it tries to contribute to the appropriate remedies for effective higher education leadership. With the exception of four universities, all of the investigated universities and their boards exist nominally. Only eight university boards of trustees/directors are structured in ways where the delegation of responsibilities is achieved in a way that gives other bodies a sense of who answers to whom. For the publicly-owned Somali National University (SNU), it is the incumbent President of the Federal Republic of Somalia is the rector and patron. There is a great deal of confusion and overlap in the respective roles of its council and Senate. As a result, the immediately felt knock-on effect has been the quality of education delivered, which in turn impacted the employability of graduates. To achieve better, a good corporate governance system, which is cascaded down into middle and lower-tier management that guarantees a balance of power between different investors and management, is sine qua non. Finally, the FGS and FMEs need to set up proper external quality control mechanism bylaws for the universities to form an internal quality assurance (IQA) apparatus.
PENGARUH PENGAWASAN PIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KOTA MALANG
Authors: Amalia Rizqi Desi , Samiadji Samiadji , Limgiani Limgiani
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of supervisory leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction that contribute simultaneously and significantly to the work discipline of PDAM Malang City employees. In accordance with the main problem and research objectives that have been formulated, this type of research is quantitative research. The sample in this study were 188 employees of PDAM Malang City. The population in this study were 353 people . The data analysis method used is path analysis. Based on data analysis, there is evidence that leadership supervision and work motivation have a simultaneous and significant effect on job satisfaction, leadership supervision, work motivation, and job satisfaction simultaneously and significantly affect work discipline, and leadership supervision and work motivation simultaneously and significantly affect work motivation. work discipline through job satisfaction.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Moeljahwati Endah , Suharto Suharto , Subroto Agus
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on job satisfaction and employee performance. this type of research is explanatory research. The sample in this study was 103 employees. The analytical tool used is path analysis. Based on the analysis of evidence that organizational culture and work motivation affect job satisfaction, organizational culture, motivation and job satisfaction affect employee performance. Job satisfaction can mediate the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on employee performance. In order to improve employee performance, agencies need to create a good organizational culture that is applied to the ability to complete work, besides that employees need to be more motivated by established policies such as creating a conducive work environment, providing supporting facilities and facilities, and taking more into account forms of appreciation. for employment.
EFEKTIFITAS PENYALURAN DANA UMAT
Authors: Amelia Grizeldha
Published: April 2022

Al-Falah Social Fund Foundation (YDSF) Malang is one of them in realizing a long-term program by becoming an independent nation, hosting it in its own country and not depending on other nations. Foundation engaged in the collection and distribution of people's funds. Based on the description above, the research focuses are: (1) The most effective program for distributing community funds by YDSF Malang for community empowerment. (2) Implementation of the distribution of community funds collected by YDSF Malang in order to achieve effectiveness. The results of the research explain that the effectiveness of the distribution of funds carried out by YDSF Malang has a high level in terms of measurable quantitative, as well as qualitative, the existence of a multiplier effect and beyond expectation and Improving the quality of mustahik, benefit for others, and the surrounding environment. High effectiveness indicators are determined by the success rate of beneficiaries in managing and using the funds obtained for productive purposes and increasing competence as well as improving the quality of faith, education, and life. Every program initiated has integration with other program ideas
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Sumarni Devi
Published: April 2022

The drop we will see from internal factors comes from employee performance, by looking at terms of job satisfaction, earned work motivation and employee commitment to Organization in the workplace will have an impact on employee performance, whether performance increases or decreases, Good or bad. The initial investigation of the study revealed that there were problems faced by East Java Forest Security Bureau employees, the problem being a decrease in employee performance. The population of this study was 5 persons and the sample used for the study was 5 persons/employee. This study uses path analysis method. The results of this study show that job satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on employees' job performance, work motivation has a positive and significant impact on employees' work results. employees, organizational commitment has a positive and significant impact on employee job performance, job satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment, motivation work has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with organizational commitment being the intermediate and variable motivation at work has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with organizational participation as an intermediate variable
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA GURU SMK YP 17 SELOREJO KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Widyanto Sutaji
Published: April 2022

Trainner position of teachers as a vocational school in particular, have a role to organize, organize, direct and train to utilize all its resources both from private teachers themselves and from school in order to achieve the goals set. The performance of teachers in an educational institution is an interesting factor to be investigated.Based on data analysis found that transformational leadership style and work motivation influence on job satisfaction and teacher performance. Job satisfaction affect the performance of teachers. Job satisfaction mediates the effect of transformational leadership style and work motivation on teacher performance.In order to improve the performance of teachers, the leadership of SMK YP 17 Selorejo Blitar should use a charisma so that every action has the allure and should be followed, as well as exemplary, the leadership is able to inspire and keluasaan insights, leaders have a vision of the future and based intellectual. In addition it must pay attention to the need for achievement, need for affiliation and need for power