bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wrapper-Based Classification Approach for Personal Identification through Keystroke Dynamics Using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: D. Shanmugapriya , Ganapathi Padmavathi
Published: September 2016

The password is the most widely used identity verification method in computer security domain. However, due to its simplicity, it is vulnerable to imposters. A way to strengthen the password is to combine Biometric technology with password. Keystroke dynamics is one of the behavioural biometric approaches which is cheaper and does not require any sophisticated hardware other than the keyboard. The chapter uses a new feature called Virtual Key Force along with the commonly extracted timing features. Features are normalized using Z-Score method. For feature subset selection, Particle Swarm Optimization wrapped with Extreme Learning Machine is proposed. Classification is done with wrapper based PSO-ELM approach. The proposed methodology is tested with publically available benchmark dataset and real time dataset. The proposed method yields the average accuracy of 97.92% and takes less training and testing time when compared with the traditional Back Propagation Neural Network.
Scholars in the Digital Age
Authors: Li Jiahang , Greenhow Christine , Askari Emilia
Published: September 2016

This chapter will begin by redefining the concept of scholarship in the digital era. The authors will describe and summarize the conceptualization of social scholarship (Greenhow & Gleason, 2015, 2014) and the practices scholars, using social media, typically perform in different contexts. These practices include but are not limited to disseminating information, promoting academic publications and scholarly ideas, and collaborating and connecting with other scholars. Subsequently, the authors provide findings from their research about scholars' social media practice in academic conferences to illustrate the concept of social scholarship. The conclusions synthesize affordances and challenges that social scholars currently face and suggest implications for future directions.
Perspectives on Digital Scholarship
Authors: Constantino Gustavo Daniel , Raffaghelli Juliana Elisa
Published: September 2016

The concept of Digital Scholarship (DS) defines new forms of professional academic practices linked to the changing cultural, social and working context of the digital age. In this chapter, the authors compare the international debate on the topic with the research trends that may be connected with DS in the Latin-American scenario. From the focus on DS as a changing professional field of practice, that of academics, and its specific transformation by digitality to other more evolved perspectives, i.e. the academic profession as a specialized research strand, the authors consider the different approaches, discourses and cases about academics' professional practices and development in Latin America and explore the trends and peculiarities that will determine the rise and development of digital scholarship as a field of research in the region.
Research 2.0
Authors: Spilker Maria J. , Silva Maria Paula , Morgado Lina
Published: September 2016

This chapter highlights two moments of the research cycle, gathering and making sense of information and receiving insights from peers as well as performing a dissemination of results, focusing on key competences of researchers 2.0. Content curation is a strategy to manage information and improve Personal Knowledge Management, and it is crucial for the research work, which demands specific (digital) competences from the researcher. The use of Web 2.0 tools at academic conferences is an example of a competence mastered by researchers. Conferences are spaces for sharing knowledge and for networking. Their main functions can be potentiated through means like social media, allowing the development and/or strengthening of researchers 2.0 core competencies, such as collaborative work, proficiency in handling emerging technologies for research, and efficient dissemination of research results.
Medication Errors
Authors: Obilade Titilola T.
Published: September 2016

Depending on the statistics examined, medication errors are responsible for 44000 to 400000 deaths annually. This chapter examined the role of societal attributes in medication errors. Although several studies have been conducted on medication errors there is still no uniformity in the definitions which makes evaluation of medication errors difficult. Despite the non-uniformity of definitions, all the research articles reviewed agreed that enhanced oral and written communications between health care providers and patients or parents of patients was a step towards the prevention of medication errors. The health literacy level of both health care providers and consumers also contribute to medication errors.
Identity, Commitment, and Change Agency
Authors: Kochhar-Bryant Carol A.
Published: September 2016

It is becoming almost cliché to assert that doctoral scholars should integrate theory and practice and address critical problems of practice. Less charted territory, however, moves beyond integration of theory and practice to the cultivation of scholars' as committed people who possess a compass of values and vision as they act as catalysts for change in the world of practice. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the kind of cultivation needed to effect the transformation required for doctoral scholars to move beyond translation of theory to practice to the next step of catalyzing change. This chapter explores the intersection of core constructs or strands for creating scholars as change agents – identity, commitment and civic agency. These elements are examined from a theoretical framework, and in context of a case example of a doctoral program that bridges the academy and the community.
Integrating Technology in Nurse Education
Authors: Wright Vivian H. , Davis Anjanetta
Published: September 2016

This chapter explores how nurse educators can better integrate technology in their professional development, teaching and learning, and clinical experiences in a purposeful and meaningful manner. The authors explore how and why nurse educators should be mindful of the intersection of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge (TPACK) in developing teaching and learning plans. The authors contend that nurse educators should consider and employ TPACK on a routine basis, so that using technology purposefully becomes the traditional approach in one's teaching. Examples of how technology can become more meaningful in three areas that nurse educators routinely work within are: professional development, teaching, and clinical experiences.
Cultivating Global Entrepreneurs in the Food Supply Chain
Authors: Chen Ye-Sho , Polat Ismail Hakki
Published: September 2016

Food supply chain from an entrepreneur's perspective has many needs today. To cultivate food entrepreneurs addressing the growing global demand in food, there is an emerging trend in integrating vital players in food supply chain to form food clusters. Like most of start-up entrepreneurs in other industries, food entrepreneurs have their challenges of identifying market opportunities, building a trusted management team, and securing funding sources to run the businesses. They also need facilities to produce their foods, the facilities needed to be certified by local food authorities, securing product liability insurance, and marketing channels to distribute their food products. In this paper, we discussed how LSU Food Incubator is established and developed to address those challenges. Specifically, it is a “Flying High, Landing Soft” platform. We plan to empower the platform with mobile cloud learning practices and capabilities and extend this platform to emerging markets like Turkey.
Management of Drought and Floods in the Dobrogea Region
Authors: Roşu Lucica , Macarov Lavinia Istratie
Published: September 2016

Dobrogea is a region of Romania with a high economic potential, partly due to its advantageous geographical position between the Danube and the Black Sea. Nevertheless, in the last decency, there have been significant social and economic damages due to the successive waves of excessive droughts and catastrophic floods, results of obvious climate changes. In order to avoid damages from future climatic events, Dobrogea has been included in the plans, programmes of measures and future actions, which include monitoring and early warning systems and proactive risk management measures. Furthermore, the institutional and administrative structures are designing preparedness plans aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity, as well as effective emergency response programmes, aimed at reducing the impact of droughts and floods. In this chapter is presented information on the national policies applied at regional and local level in Dobrogea, aimed at reducing the risk of droughts and floods.
Trends in the Evolution of Romania's Agricultural Resources in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Lazăr Cornel , Lazăr Mirela
Published: September 2016

Although its share in Romania's Gross Domestic Product is relatively small (about 5%), agriculture is one of the important activities of the national economy, with direct implications on ensuring food security. Achieving an efficient modern agriculture represents a major strategic objective for Romania, imposed both by the need of ensuring food security and the role of this activity in supporting export. In this chapter it is analysed the evolution of Romanian agriculture in the context of sustainable development's objectives, through the resources available in this activity: land, technical means, human resources and financial resources. In doing so, we considered an analysis of the agricultural real estate, labour force, investments and loans used in agriculture on the period 2008 – 2014.
Decision Maker in the Global Village
Authors: Velencei Jolán , Baracskai Zoltán
Published: September 2016

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics has been awarded twice so far to researchers in the area of decision making. In 1978 to Herbert Simon “for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations” and in 2002 to Daniel Kahneman “for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty”. In spite of this, in business schools and schools of economics courses in decision making focus on decision tools of applied operations research. There are, however, newer views that have not yet made their ways into the decision curricula. Therefore the authors argue that in the Global Village the decision taker's role is wearing off while the decision maker's role is changing. Now, that a great deal of knowledge is available freely and free of charge, a new possibility is opening up for a new type of thinking together. In this Chapter the authors take a closer look at this thinking together.
Correlations of Company Strategy and KM
Authors: Noszkay Erzsébet
Published: September 2016

This chapter focuses on the presentation of the interrelationship between corporate strategy and the KM system, how could requirements and tasks related to the latter be derived from the former and not separately and for its own sake but to facilitate the implementation of the strategy. It contemplates system approach and KM operating as a system. A fundamental methodological belief of the author is that a KM system adapted to a corporate strategy necessitates harmonizing along various dimensions. In view of the focal points of a corporate strategy and on the ground of an actual knowledge map, determination of new competencies and knowledge elements are necessitated by the strategy to be implemented. This could be followed by the elaboration of a KM strategy whose main dimensions are: human resource allocation (People dimension); inclusion of KM into the expediently reengineered new corporate processes (Process dimension); and the deployment of information technologies that are adequate for the processes and ultimately with the specific knowledge demand (Technology dimension).
Layout Design and Users’ Perception of Different Types of High-Rise Office Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Lokman Hakim , Sibley Magda , Abdul Wahab Izudinshah , Elgadi Ahmed A.
Published: September 2016

There is an increasing demand for high quality office buildings nowadays. Occupants and developers of office buildings need to work together to create a healthy and inspiring working environment. These criteria engaged in the early stages of design can have a large impact on the performance of the finished building. This paper presents users’ perception of the general layout and adequacy of space in their office space. These features were investigated through observation and analysed data extracted from questionnaires. The aim is to investigate whether high-rise office buildings designed with a bioclimatic approach provide better working spaces than that of conventional office buildings. The assessments were made on detailed planning and the architecture of several buildings’ design approaches with the objective of consolidating perceptions on the working space and environment. The analysis shows that bioclimatic buildings are better rated than conventional buildings in terms of general layout, adequacy of space as well as flexibility of space. These factors might be connected to the size of all bioclimatic buildings, which are comparatively smaller than that of the conventional ones as well as the floor depths of all bioclimatic buildings, which are shallower than that of conventional ones. Due to these conditions, occupants in bioclimatic building are closer to the façade and might experience a better environment and space adequacy.
Influence of Copper Nanoparticles on Tribological Properties of Nanolamellar Tungsten Disulfide
Authors: Irtegov Yuriy , An Vladimir , Machekhina Ksenia , Lemachko Nikolay
Published: September 2016

Tribological properties of a composite mixture based on copper nanoparticles and nanolamellar tungsten disulfide powder have been studied. SEM of copper nanoparticles produced by electrical explosion of wires was analyzed. The tribological tests of pure tungsten disulfide and composite WS2-Cu lubricant are performed. Possible mechanism of copper influence to tribological properties of tungsten disulfide was discussed.
Regularities of Impact Failure of Epoxy Composites with Al2O3 Microfiller and their Analysis on the Basis of External Surface Layer Concept
Authors: Buketov Andriy , Stukhlyak Petro , Maruschak Pavlo , Panin Sergey V. , Menou Abdellah
Published: September 2016

Impact toughness of epoxy composite materials reinforced with Al2O3 microparticles of various concentrations were investigated. It is shown that the external (outer) surface layers that form around disperse filler particles is one of the factor responsible their mechanical properties.
Influence of Nano- and Microfillers on the Mechanical and Tribotechnical Properties of “UHMWPE-PTFE” Composites
Authors: Panin Sergey V. , Kornienko Lyudmila А. , Alexenko Vladislav O. , Ivanova Larisa R. , Shilko Sergey V.
Published: September 2016

In order to develop antifriction extrudable composites with micro-and nanosize fillers the mechanical and tribotechnical characteristics of ones with a hybrid polymeric “UHMWPE + polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)” matrix under dry sliding friction were investigated. It is shown that the wear rate of micro-and nanocomposites based on the “UHMWPE + 10 wt.% PTFE” matrix under dry sliding friction is reduced by 10-30 %. Mechanical characteristics are not changed significantly in the nanocomposites, while in the microcomposites they are reduced substantially. By means of scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy the permolecular structure, degree of crystallinity and surface topography of micro-and nanocomposites based on the hybrid matrix were investigated. The mechanisms of wear of “UHMWPE-PTFE” composites under dry sliding friction are discussed.
Features of the Fine Structure of the Active Layers of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Smirnov Alexander I. , Plotnikova Natalya V. , Burov Vladimir G. , Martyushev Nikita V.
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to investigation of fine structure of the active layers of organic solar cells. By using atomic forth microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) it is clearly shown that thermal treatment of active layers at 150 °C for 10 minutes leads to increasing their crystallinity. During annealing processes of diffusion redistribution of the film components are activated, and this is accompanied by both the growth of the original crystalline phase and the formation of new crystals.
The Additives Influence on Heat-Conducting Properties of Aluminium Nitride Circuit Boards
Authors: Karakulov A.S. , Gusev N.V. , Drozdov Yuriy Yu. , Nikonova N.Y.
Published: September 2016

The paper presents the studies on evaluation of the influence of modified additives of Y2O3-, ZrO2- and Li2O3-type on heat-conductive properties of aluminium-nitride ceramics used as circuit boards. Sintering of the studied samples was carried out using AlN powders and the powders of the modifying additives, mixed in the ball mill based on the spark plasma sintering system “SPS”. Density and heat conductivity were measured for the obtained samples. It was ascertained that the most significant level of heat conductivity was obtained when using the additive mixture made of 7 wt. % of Li2O3 and 3wt. % of Y2O3, which reaches the level of 160 W/m·K. In addition, the results of the studies show that the addition of the modified powders leads to a significant increase of density; the additive consisting of 7wt.% of Li2O3 and 3wt.% of Y2O3 produces the greatest effect.
Tungsten Powder Sintering
Authors: Dvilis E.S. , Knyazeva Anna G. , Sorokova Svetlana N. , Khasanov Oleg L.
Published: September 2016

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the synthesis process by the electric sintering of aluminum is a matrix composite. The mathematical model takes into account the conjugate heat transfer and porosity evolution.
Analysis of Initial Gas Media and their Influence on the Process of Diffusion Saturation
Authors: Bakhrunov Konstantin
Published: September 2016

The work analyses gas media (activators) and their influence on the process of circular aluminizing of nickel-based heat-proof alloys of grade ZhS. The paper studies the structure and properties of coatings in ZhS alloys after circular aluminizing in initial gas media NiCl2+NH4Cl, AlCl3+NH4Cl, NiCl2 and NH4Cl. The analysis of the formation of gas medium in the muffle of the circulation setup allows excluding unwanted inclusions (nitrogen, aluminum oxide) and their occurrence in coatings, which lead to their embrittlement and early cracking.
Lighting Device with Variable Spectral Composition for Growing "Chlorella" in Artificial Conditions
Authors: Turanov Sergei B. , Yakovlev Alexey N. , Malakhov Aleksandr S.
Published: September 2016

In the paper the basis for the use of the LED light sources in the space greenhouses is described. It is shown that the change in the spectral composition and the intensity of the radiation will reduce the electricity consumption of the irradiation facilities. The unicellular alga "Chlorella" and the greenhouse lettuce "Afitsion" were chosen as prototype models. On the basis of the experiments conducted, the basic principles of the irradiator’s energy efficiency that can be applied in the space greenhouses were defined.
Optical Spectroscopy of Barium Fluoride Crystals under Simultaneous Pulsed Excitation
Authors: Shtan’ko Viktor , Chinkov Evgeny , Kolomin Viktor , Ivanova Tatyana , Stepanov Sergey
Published: September 2016

This paper reports optical absorption spectra and rapidly decaying luminescence of BaF2 crystals measured at 295 K under excitation pulse of accelerated electrons and excited simultaneous stimulated emission of CdSe crystal. It is shown that the simultaneous excitation of the crystals BaF2 pulse accelerated and SE semiconductors in electronic components STE absorption leads to a reduction efficiency of creation of STE and the appearance of fast decaying emission in the UV region of the spectrum.
Cathodoluminescence Properties of Commercial Phosphors for White LED
Authors: Polisadova Elena F. , Vaganov Vitaly A. , Valiev Damir T. , Abdullin Habibula A. , Marhabaeva A.A. , Kerimbaev D.D.
Published: September 2016

The results of the study of spectral and decay kinetic characteristics of the pulse cathodoluminescence (PCL) for the group of industrial “white” LEDs phosphors with different composition of the host and dopants are presented. The quantitative characteristics of the PCL: position and half-width of the luminescence spectra, the luminescence decay times were determined.
Estimation of Thermodiffusion Influence on Formation of Transition Zones during Brazing
Authors: Chepak-Gizbrekht Marija V.
Published: September 2016

The work formulates a particular problem on redistribution of an active element from brazing alloy into brazed materials with due account for thermodiffusion effect. The analysis of the solution has demonstrated that thermodiffusion can facilitate the acceleration of mass transfer from brazing alloy into brazed materials and cause the accumulation of components in the vicinity of contact boundaries.
Acoustic Properties of Isotropic Hypoelastic Materials with Residual Technological Stresses
Authors: Demidov Valerij N.
Published: September 2016

A linearized statement was used to study the problem of propagation of small perturbations in isotropic uniformly stressed hypoelastic medium. The obtained results allow answering the question on how the initial stress field affects the parameters (velocity, shape, amplitude) of an acoustic impulse and how the impulse parameters depend on a propagation direction. The results show that there is evident similarity between “material anisotropy” initially inherent for instance in crystals and “field anisotropy” induced by a field of internal stresses in isotropic medium.
Multiple Rock Breakdown in Electrodischarge Technology
Authors: Vazhov Vladislav M. , Datskevitch Sergey Y. , Zhurkov Mikhail Y. , Muratov Vasily M. , Rødland Arild
Published: September 2016

The article covers the research of the electric strength and fracture of rocks that are undergone multiple breakdowns generated by electric discharge rock fracture and drilling technologies. The research outcomes allow proposing an experimental technology able to determine operating high voltage pulse values in the electric discharge drilling process where one should take into account such factors as the rock re-crushing and the drill bit shift cyclicity.
Structural and Phase Transformations in Ti-B4C System Formed when Melting the Composition Film/Substrate by an Intense Electron Beam
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Khasanov Oleg L. , Bikbaeva Zulfa G. , Petyukevich Maria S. , Teresov Anton D. , Shugurov Vladimir V. , Ivanova Оlgа V. , Klopotov Anatolii A.
Published: September 2016

The "(Ti) film/(В4С ceramics) substrate" system was investigated after irradiation by an intense pulse electron beam. It was found that the multiphase structure crystallized on the eutectic reaction was formed in the surface layer of the film/substrate system. It was shown that high-speed metallization of the surface layer in the В4С ceramics leads to increase of its fracture toughness.
Structural Phase Transformations of the Surface Layer of SiC Ceramics Irradiated by Intense Electron Beam
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Khasanov Oleg L. , Petyukevich Maria S. , Polisadova Valentina V. , Milovanova Tomara V. , Tolkachev Oleg S. , Teresov Anton D. , Kalashnikov Mark P.
Published: September 2016

Experimental investigations have been carried out to determine structural and phase transformations of a surface layer in SiC ceramics samples irradiated by an intense pulse electron beam of submillisecond duration. It was shown that electron beam modification of the surface layer of the SiC ceramics was followed by improvement of mechanical characteristics of the material. The suggestions have been made to explain this effect.
The Influence of Plasma Composition on Mechanical Stresses in Substrate-Coating System
Authors: Shanin Sergey A.
Published: September 2016

The work calculates the stress-strain state (SSS) of substrate-coating system during plasma deposition of metals (Ti, Al, Cr) and nitrogen. The study demonstrates the influence of the concentration of deposited elements at the surfaces of growing coating on the redistribution of stresses. The paper establishes the dependence of the penetration depth of deposited elements into the substrate on their concentration at the surface of growing coating.
A Christian understanding of the significance of love of oneself in loving God and neighbour: Towards an integrated self-love reading
Authors: Wood Hannelie
Published: September 2016

This article addresses the meaning of the great commandment of love (Mt. 22:35–40) with afocus on the understanding of self-love as considered within a Christian context. Christians ingeneral understand the commandment as applying to love of God and one’s neighbour. Thereference to self-love tends to be ignored or misunderstood, especially when love of self isviewed in the context of the Christian virtues of humility and self-mortification. The conceptof narcissism (self-preoccupation or self-glorification) has devastating effects on relationshipswith God, human beings and the world. In the Christian context self-love is not a thirdcommandment and it is not clearly outlined in Scripture. Furthermore, the love of oneselfseems to be the norm by which the love of God and neighbour are measured. It appearstherefore that by bringing narcissism into the equation of self-love, a better understanding canbe achieved of what a healthy Christian self-love should entail. Furthermore, a brief discussionon the views of the self as mind, emotions and will as well as agape, philia and eros is requiredfor a proposed integrated self-love reading.
P2X7R Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Increased Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Tibetan Chinese Population
Authors: Zhu Xikai , Guo Wen , Ren Guoxia , He Xue , Hu Qunying , Zhang Yuan , Kang Longli , Yuan Dongya , Jin Tianbo
Published: September 2016

In this study, we aim to explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility in the Tibetan Chinese population in China. We examined 467 patients with active PTB and 504 healthy controls living in Xi'an and the surrounding area. Eight P2X7R SNPs were genotyped, and association analysis was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were tested by unconditional logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of the polymorphisms on PTB risk. P2X7R SNP association analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 statistical packages and Microsoft Excel, SNP statistics software, Haploview software package (version 4.2), and SHEsis software platform. The results show that the “C” allele of rs656612 in the P2X7R gene was associated with an increased PTB risk by the additive model (OR = 1.307, 95% CI = 1.088–1.570, P = 0.004) and dominant model (rs656612, OR = 1.490, 95% CI = 1.153–1.926, P = 0.002). The “A” allele of rs208290 showed an increased PTB risk by the additive model (OR = 1.418, 95% CI = 1.179–1.706, P < 0.001) and dominant model (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.297–2.177, P < 0.001), whereas the “A” allele of rs7958311 showed an increased risk by the additive model (rs7958311, OR = 1.260, 95% CI = 1.055–1.505, P = 0.011) and recessive model (OR = 1.609, 95% CI = 1.200–2.158, P = 0.001). After Bonferroni correction, rs208290 was found to be associated with PTB in the allele, dominant, and genotype models. In conclusion, our study revealed a significant association between three P2X7R gene polymorphisms (rs656612, rs208290, and rs7958311) and PTB in a Tibetan Chinese population.
Quality traits of longissimus lumborum muscle from White Mangalica,
Duroc   ×  White Mangalica and Large White pigs reared under intensive
conditions and slaughtered at 150 kg live weight: a comparative study
Authors: Tomović Vladimir M. , Šević Radoslav , Jokanović Marija , Šojić Branislav , Škaljac Snežana , Tasić Tatjana , Ikonić Predrag , Lušnic Polak Mateja , Polak Tomaž , Demšar Lea
Published: September 2016

Abstract. To compare quality traits of longissimus lumborum muscle of three genotypes, 20 White Mangalica (WM), 20 crossbred Duroc  ×  White Mangalica (DWM) and 20 Large White (LW) pigs were allotted to the same indoor rearing and feeding conditions. Crossbred and LW pigs grew faster than WM pigs reaching 150 kg on average 168 and 288 days before WM, respectively. Meat from WM pigs had the highest intramuscular fat content and darkest and reddest colour; crosses were at an intermediate position, with significant differences among all genotypes. In addition, ultimate pH, water-holding capacity and iron content were significantly the highest in meat from WM pigs, compared to the other two genotypes. Crossing WM with Duroc had a significant effect on individual fatty acid content of meat. However, the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged. WM and DWM pigs had significantly more tender meat than LW pigs. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were most abundant, followed by saturated (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in meat from all animals. Meat from WM and DWM pigs had a significantly higher percentage of MUFAs and significantly lower percentage of SFAs than LW pigs.
ISMAR: an airborne submillimetre radiometer
Authors: Fox Stuart , Lee Clare , Moyna Brian , Philipp Martin , Rule Ian , Rogers Stuart , King Robert , Oldfield Matthew , Rea Simon , Henry Manju , Wang Hui , Harlow R. Chawn
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The International Submillimetre Airborne Radiometer (ISMAR) has been developed as an airborne demonstrator for the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) that will be launched on board the next generation of European polar-orbiting weather satellites in the 2020s. It currently has 15 channels at frequencies between 118GHz and 664 GHz which are sensitive to scattering by cloud ice, and additional channels at 874 GHz are being developed. This paper presents an overview of ISMAR and describes the algorithms used for calibration. The main sources of bias in the measurements are evaluated, as well as the radiometric sensitivity in different measurement scenarios. It is shown that for downwards views from high altitude, representative of a satellite viewing geometry, the bias in most channels is less than ±1 K and the NE∆T is less than 2 K, with many channels having an NE∆T less than 1 K. In-ﬂight calibration accuracy is also evaluated by comparison of high-altitude zenith views with radiative transfer simulations.
Where Are the Girls? Gender Trends in Juvenile Crime
Authors: Sela-Shayovitz Revital
Published: September 2016

There is growing evidence that female rates of criminal nonlethal violent offending have increased during the 1990s. However, the debate regarding whether the gender gap in violence is closing is ongoing. This paper examines trends in juvenile violent offending in Israel between the years 1996 and 2012. The findings indicate that female-to-male offending rate ratios have increased over time for simple assaults, aggravated assault and carrying a knife. Moreover, the closing of the gender gap among young minors (ages 12-14 years) principally results from the increase in female rates of offending, which is greater than the rise in male rates of offending. These findings are discussed in the context of existing research on the gender gap in the perpetration of violence with reference to future directions in research.
The Argument of Skelton's Collyn Clout
Authors: Burrow John
Published: September 2016

John Skelton's Collyn Clout may appear to be aimed at a wide variety of contemporary targets, lay and clerical alike. The present article argues, however, that the poem is directed throughout at just one target: at the bishops (including Cardinal Wolsey). All the faults that Skelton notices elsewhere, in the lower clergy and in the laity at large, are treated specifically as having their source in a corrupt and negligent episcopacy, which has set a bad example for everyone. So clerics neglect essential duties such as preaching, and laymen fall away from the Church.
“An Old-Fashioned Form of the Zulu Tongue”: A Nineteenth-Century Chaucer Allusion
Authors: Beidler Peter G.
Published: September 2016

In the context of a remark about the dialects of the Zulu language in his novel King Solomon's Mines (1885), H. Rider Haggard made a hitherto unacknowledged allusion to Chaucer.
Regulation of Academia in Israel: Legislation, Policy, and Market Forces
Authors: Cohen Erez , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: September 2016

The rapid development of Israel’s system of higher education in recent years has led to a sharp rise in the number of students, the establishment of new institutions certified to award degrees, and legislation and policy changes. The evolving circumstances are explored in the current article, which follows the sources, causes, and justifications for these changes. The study analyzes three major processes that occurred in Israel’s system of higher education since its reform in the early 1990s: the increase in the number of students, admission terms to the departments, and the demand for studies. The research findings indicate that it was the government’s decision to establish colleges in the early 1990s, rather than free market forces, that led to the considerable increase in enrollment for academic studies. Then again, free market forces appear to determine admission terms to the various departments in accordance with the principles of demand and supply. Furthermore, the government intervenes to regulate the supply of high-demand fields of study but does not complement this by acting to regulate demand trends, which are determined exclusively by the free will of applicants. Therefore, the research conclusion is that Israel has no clear well-formulated policy on higher education, a fact that allows the unrestrained detrimental domination of this system by free market forces.
Paisagens Turísticas: conexões ambientais e educacionais / Touristic Landscapes: environmental and educational connections
Authors: Salgado Rayel Renata
Published: September 2016

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas questões relacionadas à percepção, interpretação e valoração ambiental, correlacionadas às atividades turísticas, intrinsecamente associadas ao modo de ver, compreender e conservar o meio ambiente, mantendo as raízes socioculturais ou adaptando-as, sem descaracterizar as peculiaridades de suas paisagens no tocante às territorialidades que estas envolvem, fundamentando-se em métodos fenomenológicos. Como resultado, identificou-se que os recursos paisagísticos apreciados em seus aspectos pertinentes ao Turismo de Base Comunitária, simultaneamente, podem tornar-se recursos educativos por meio da educação ecológica. No sentido de valorar de maneira proativa o ambiente, auxiliando no entendimento multidimensional e multifuncional da paisagem.

ABSTRACT

This article aims to present some issues related to perception, interpretation and environmental valuation, correlated to the touristic activities, intrinsically associated with the point of  view, the understanding and conservation of the environment, maintaining the socio-cultural roots or adapting them, without spoiling the peculiarities of its landscapes regarding the territorialities that they involve, based in phenomenological methods. As a result, it was found that the landscape resources valued in their aspects relevant to Based Tourism Community, simultaneously, can become educational resources through ecological education. In order to seek the processes of environmental proactive valuation assisting in the understanding and knowledge of the landscape, understood both in its multidimensionality and multifunctionality.

 

Keywords: Landscape, Interpretation, Education, Tourism, Tourist Valuation
Superexploração do trabalho, espoliação urbana e crise do trabalho: notas a partir das estratégias de sobrevivência na periferia metropolitana de São Paulo/Overexploitation of labor, urban dispossession and labor crisis: notes from the survival (...)
Authors: Messias Fernando Firmino
Published: September 2016

A existência de uma parcela significativa da força de trabalho que se reproduz a partir das chamadas estratégias de sobrevivência na metrópole paulistana é posta neste texto como uma possibilidade de contribuir com o debate das periferias urbanas no contexto da modernização periférica brasileira. Aponta-se aqui a necessidade de se compreender as periferias urbanas não apenas no contexto da superexploração do trabalho e de seus elos com a espoliação urbana, mas também, simultaneamente, a partir de uma crise do trabalho na contemporaneidade que constitui o fundamento da reprodução de variadas estratégias de sobrevivência da força de trabalho nas metrópoles brasileiras.

Abstract

The existence of a significant portion of the workforce that is reproduced from calls survival strategies in the São Paulo’s metropolis is putting in this text as a possibility to contribute to the debate in the context of urban peripheries of Brazilian´s peripheral modernization. It’s pointed out here the need to understand the urban peripheries not only in the context of exploitation of the work and its links with urban dispossession, but also, simultaneously, from a crisis of work in the contemporary world which is the basis of reproduction varied survival strategies of the labor force the Brazilian’s metropolis.

Keywords: urban peripheries, peripheral modernization, labor crisis.

 
A geografia na música ambiente: paisagens imaginadas / The geography in ambient music: imagined landscapes
Authors: Rodrigues Gonçalves Thiago
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo propõe um olhar geográfico sobre a música afim de contrapor e, acima de tudo, diferenciar “muzak” e “música ambiente”. A partir dos trabalhos de Brian Eno, considerar que a própria existência da “muzak” se dá como elemento da relação dos indivíduos com o seu lugar – ainda que, no caso, esse “lugar-sem-lugaridade”, porque forjado para o consumo – e, a partir disso, ressaltar a potência criadora de paisagens imaginadas da “música ambiente”. Chamando atenção para o caráter eminentemente geográfico da experiência da música enquanto fenômeno da consciência. As paisagens engendradas pela “música ambiente” ressaltando o quanto a música é, também, do escopo da existência e, consequentemente, da Geografia.

Abstract

This article propose a geographic look at music to counteract and, above all, differentiate “muzak” and “ambient music”. From Brian Eno’s work, consider that the very existence of “muzak” happens as an element of the relationship between individuals and their place – although, in this case, as “placelessness”, because these are places forged to consumerism – and from that, emphasize the creative capacity of “ambient music” for imagined landscapes. Drawing attention to the eminently geographical character of music experience as a phenomenon of consciousness. The landscapes created by “ambient music” highlighting that music is, as well, part of existence, and, therefore, of the scope of Geography.

Keywords: Landscape, volitive inmersion, geography of the music, Humanist Geography.

 
Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging is an Effective Tool for Measuring Breast Volume: A Validation Study
Authors: Lee Woo Yeon , Kim Min Jung , Lew Dae Hyun , Song Seung Yong , Lee Dong Won
Published: September 2016

Background Accurate breast volume assessment is a prerequisite to preoperative planning, as well as intraoperative decision making in breast reconstruction surgery. The use of three-dimensional surface imaging (3D scanning) to assess breast volume has many advantages. However, before employing 3D scanning in the field, the tool's validity should be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to confirm the validity of 3D-scanning technology for evaluating breast volume.

Methods We reviewed the charts of 25 patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery immediately after total mastectomy. Breast volumes using the Axis Three 3D scanner, water-displacement technique, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained bilaterally in the preoperative period. During the operation, the tissue removed during total mastectomy was weighed and the specimen volume was calculated from the weight. Then, we compared the volume obtained from 3D scanning with those obtained using the water-displacement technique, MRI, and the calculated volume of the tissue removed.

Results The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of breast volumes obtained from 3D scanning, as compared to the volumes obtained using the water-displacement technique and specimen weight, demonstrated excellent reliability. The ICC of breast volumes obtained using 3D scanning, as compared to those obtained by MRI, demonstrated substantial reliability. Passing-Bablok regression showed agreement between 3D scanning and the water-displacement technique, and showed a linear association of 3D scanning with MRI and specimen volume, respectively.

Conclusions When compared with the classical water-displacement technique and MRI-based volumetry, 3D scanning showed significant reliability and a linear association with the other two methods.
Immediate Bilateral Breast Reconstruction with Unilateral Deep Superior Epigastric Artery and Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Flaps
Authors: Hansen Keith S. , Gutwein Luke G. , Hartman Brett C. , Sood Rajiv , Socas Juan
Published: September 2016

Autologous breast reconstruction utilizing a perforator flap is an increasingly popular method for reducing donor site morbidity and implant-related complications. However, aberrant anatomy not readily visible on computed tomography angiography is a rare albeit real risk when undergoing perforator flap reconstruction. We present an operative case of a patient who successfully underwent a bilateral breast reconstruction sourced from a unilateral abdominal flap divided into deep superior epigastric artery and superficial circumflex iliac artery flap segments.
A Simple, Reliable, and Inexpensive Intraoperative External Expansion System for Enhanced Autologous Structural Fat Grafting
Authors: Oranges Carlo M. , Tremp Mathias , Ling Barbara , Wettstein Reto , Largo René D. , Schaefer Dirk J.
Published: September 2016

External volume expansion of the recipient site by suction has been proposed as a way of improving fat graft survival. The objective of this study was to present an innovative and simple intraoperative external expansion system to enhance small-volume autologous fat grafting (40–80 mL) and to discuss its background and its mechanism of action. In this system, expansion is performed using a complete vacuum delivery system known as the Kiwi VAC-6000M with a PalmPump (Clinical Innovations). The recipient site is rapidly expanded intraoperatively 10 times for 30 seconds each with a negative pressure of up to 550 mm Hg before autologous fat injection. During this repetitive stimulation, the tissues become grossly expanded, developing macroscopic swelling that regresses slowly over the course of hours following the cessation of the stimulus. The system sets various mechanisms in motion, including scar release, mechanical stimulation, edema, ischemia, and inflammation, which provide an environment conducive for cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In order to maintain the graft construct in its expansive state, all patients are encouraged postoperatively to use the Kiwi three times daily for one minute per session over the course of three days. The handling of this system is simple for both the patients and the surgeon. Satisfactory clinical outcomes have been achieved without significant complications.
Formal modeling and analysis of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway: role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase in oncogenesis and cancer progression
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Tariq , Ahmad Jamil , Kanwal Shahzina , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Sheikh Iftikhar A. , Zafar Paracha Rehan , Shafi Aamir , Siddiqa Amnah , Bibi Zurah , Khan Mukaram , Ali Amjad
Published: September 2016

The alteration of glucose metabolism, through increased uptake of glucose and glutamine addiction, is essential to cancer cell growth and invasion. Increased flux of glucose through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) drives increased cellular O-GlcNAcylation (hyper-O-GlcNAcylation) and contributes to cancer progression by regulating key oncogenes. However, the association between hyper-O-GlcNAcylation and activation of these oncogenes remains poorly characterized. Here, we implement a qualitative modeling framework to analyze the role of the Biological Regulatory Network in HBP activation and its potential effects on key oncogenes. Experimental observations are encoded in a temporal language format and model checking is applied to infer the model parameters and qualitative model construction. Using this model, we discover step-wise genetic alterations that promote cancer development and invasion due to an increase in glycolytic flux, and reveal critical trajectories involved in cancer progression. We compute delay constraints to reveal important associations between the production and degradation rates of proteins. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), an enzyme used for addition of O-GlcNAc during O-GlcNAcylation, is identified as a key regulator to promote oncogenesis in a feedback mechanism through the stabilization of c-Myc. Silencing of the OGT and c-Myc loop decreases glycolytic flux and leads to programmed cell death. Results of network analyses also identify a significant cycle that highlights the role of p53-Mdm2 circuit oscillations in cancer recovery and homeostasis. Together, our findings suggest that the OGT and c-Myc feedback loop is critical in tumor progression, and targeting these mediators may provide a mechanism-based therapeutic approach to regulate hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in human cancer.