bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: Vertical profiling of particle size distributions over Lhasa, Tibet: Tethered balloon-based in-situ measurements and source apportionment
Authors: Ran Liang , Deng Zhaoze , Wu Yunfei , Li Jiwei , Bai Zhixuan , Lu Ye , Zhuoga Deqing , Bian Jianchun
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In-situ measurements of vertically resolved particle size distributions based on a tethered balloon system were carried out for the first time in the highland city of Lhasa over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 2020, using portable optical counters for the size range of 0.124~32 μm. The vertical structure of 112 aerosol profiles was found to be largely shaped by the evolution of the boundary layer (BL), with a nearly uniform distribution of aerosols within the daytime mixing layer and a sharp decline with the height in the shallow nocturnal boundary layer. During the campaign, the average mass concentration of particulate matters smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) within the BL was around 3 μg m−3, almost four times of the amount in the free troposphere (FT), which was rarely affected by surface anthropogenic emissions. Though there was a lower level of particle mass in the residual layer (RL) than in the BL, a similarity in particle mass size distributions (PMSDs) suggested that particles in the RL might be of the same origin as particles in the BL. This was also in consistence with the source apportionment analysis based on the PMSDs. Three distinct modes were observed in the PMSDs for the BL and the RL. One mode was exclusively coarse particles up to roughly 15 μm and peaked around 5 μm. More than 50 % of total particle mass was often contributed by coarse mode particles in this area, which was thought to be associated with local dust resuspension. The mode peaking over 0.5~0.7 μm was representative of biomass burning on religious holidays and was found to be most pronounced on holiday mornings. The contribution from the religious burning factor rose from about 25 % on non-holidays to nearly 50 % on holiday mornings. The mode dominated by particles smaller than 0.3 μm was thought to be associated with combustion related emissions and/or secondary aerosol formation. In the FT coarse mode particles only accounted for less than 10 % of the total mass and particles larger than 5 μm were negligible. The predominant submicron particles in the FT might be related to secondary aerosol formation and the aging of existed particles. To give a full picture of aerosol physical and chemical properties and better understand the origin and impacts of aerosols in this area, intensive field campaigns involving measurements of vertically resolved aerosol chemical compositions in different seasons would be much encouraged in the future.
Identification of tropical cyclones via deep convolutional neural network based on satellite cloud images
Authors: Tong Biao , Sun Xiangfei , Fu Jiyang , He Yuncheng , Chan Pakwai
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive natural disasters. For the prevention and mitigation of TC-induced disasters, real-time monitoring and prediction of TCs is essential. At present, satellite cloud images (SCIs) are utilized widely as a basic data source for such studies. Although great achievements have been made in this field, lack of concerns on the identification of TC fingerprint from SCIs have become a potential issue, since it is a prerequisite step for follow-up analyses. This paper presents a methodology which identifies TC fingerprint via Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) techniques based on SCIs of more than 200 TCs over the Northwest Pacific basin. Two DCNN models have been proposed and validated, which are able to identify the TCs from not only single-TC featured SCIs but also multi-TCs featured SCIs. Results show that both models can reach 96 % of identification accuracy. As the TC intensity strengthens, the accuracy becomes better. To explore how these models work, heat maps are further extracted and analyzed. Results show that all the fingerprint features are focused on clouds during the testing process. For the majority of TC images, the cloud features in TC’s main parts, i.e., eye, eyewall and primary rainbands, are most emphasized, reflecting a consistent pattern with the subjective method.
Implementation and initial calibration of carbon-13 soil organic matter decomposition in Yasso model
Authors: Mäkelä Jarmo , Arppe Laura , Fritze Hannu , Heinonsalo Jussi , Liski Jari , Oinonen Markku , Straková Petra , Viskari Toni
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Soil carbon sequestration has gained traction as a mean to mitigate rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Verification of different methods’ efficiency to increase soil carbon sink requires, in addition to good quality measurements, reliable models capable of simulating the effect of the sequestration practices. One way to get insight of the methods’ effects on carbon cycling processes is to analyse different carbon isotope concentrations in soil organic matter. In this paper we introduce a carbon-13 isotope specific soil organic matter decomposition add-on into the Yasso soil carbon model and assess its functionality. The new 13C-dedicated decomposition is straightforward to implement and depends linearly on the default Yasso model parameters and the relative carbon isotope (13C/12C) concentration. Despite of their simplicity, the modifications considerably improve the model behaviour in a 50-year long simulation.
INTEGRATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND AGENT-BASED MODELING FOR EVACUATION SIMULATION
Authors: Beyaz C. , Özgener E. D. , Bağcı Y. G. , Akın Ö. , Demirel H.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a highly advanced spatial modeling method that is fully incorporated in the building lifecycle. With the support of Information Technologies, the use of BIM has become common in building management such as energy efficiency, indoor navigation and emergency evacuation simulations. This study focuses on emergency evacuation simulations since, integrating BIM and Spatial Information Science, could mitigate casualties in emergencies. Traditional evacuation management methods are generally inadequate since they are based on 2D evacuation plans, they are static and do not consider the characteristics/interactions of the people in the building. This study aims to integrate BIM and Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) for emergency evacuation simulations, where characteristics of the building and the users are incorporated. Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Civil Engineering was selected as study area and the BIM model was created by using the CAD drawings of the floor plans. The users of the Faculty building such as students, academicians, administrative staff and visitors are considered for simulations. The BIM model was transferred to the ABM environment, and the routes used during the fire evacuation were generated. Fire evacuation simulations were performed, where agents having different characteristics evacuate the building according to the rules predefined. Three different scenarios were tested. Major conclusion of this study is that, via integrating BIM and ABM, it is possible to model people’s behavior within a three-dimensional digital environment, where decision-makers could be performing simulations such as fire evacuation supported by dynamic, realistic and accurate information.
IOT-BASED SMART ENVIRONMENTS: STATE OF THE ART, SECURITY THREATS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Ikrissi G. , Mazri T.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Smart environments provide many benefits to the users including comfort, convenience, energy efficiency, safety, automation, and service quality. The Internet of Things (IoT) has developed to become one of the widely used technologies in smart environments. Many security attacks and threats are generated by security flaws in IoT-based systems and devices, which may affect smart environments applications. As a result, security is one of the most important issues in any smart area or environment based on the IoT model. This paper presents an overview of smart environments based on IoT technology and highlights the main security issues and countermeasures in the four layers of smart environment IoT architecture. It also reviews some of the current solutions that ensure the security of information in smart environments applications.
DEVELOPMENT OF IOT ENABLED GLOBAL TRACKING SYSTEM AND MOBILE APPLICATION FOR PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: İleri K. , Duru A. , Karaş İ. R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease meaning that it gets worse with time. Memory loss, speaking problems, wandering, and getting lost are some of the signs of the disease. The risk of wandering results in high demand for extensive monitoring solutions for the patients suffering from the disease. Tracking solutions are crucial, especially for family members and caregivers, so researchers develop new wearable tracking devices to overcome missing patients. GPS technology can provide location data with high accuracy, but it is not sufficient to use only by itself. Thus, a more extensive solution should be provided. In this paper, a mobile wearable tracking device that can provide data to the mobile application through internet has been developed for patient tracking purposes.
YIELD ESTIMATION OF SUNFLOWER PLANT WITH CNN AND ANN USING SENTINEL-2
Authors: Narin O. G. , Sekertekin A. , Saygin A. , Balik Sanli F. , Gullu M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Due to food security and agricultural land management, it is crucial for decision makers and farmers to predict crop yields. In remote sensing based agricultural studies, spectral resolutions of satellite images, as well as temporal and spatial resolution, are important. In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Different Vegetation Index Red-edge (NDVIred) indices derived from the Sentinel-2 satellite. In addition, the efficiency of linear regression, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques are examined with the use of indices in yield estimation. In this context, yield data of 48 sunflower parcels were obtained in 2018. The obtained results showed that both NDVI and NDVIred can be used to estimate the yield of sunflowers. The best results were obtained from the combination of the NDVI and the CNN technique with the RMSE equal to 20,874 Kg/da on 30 June 2018. Concerning the results, although there is not much superiority between the two indices, the best results were generally obtained from CNN as the method.
3D TOPOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN SPATIAL DATABASES: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Salleh S. , Ujang U. , Azri S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The storage of spatial data that consists of spatial and non-spatial properties requires a database management system that possesses spatial functions that can cater to the spatial characteristics of data. These characteristics include the geometrical shape, topological and positional information. Parallel to how geometries describe the shape of an object, topological information is also an important spatial property which describes how the geometries in a space are related to each other. This information describes the connectivity, containment and adjacencies of spatial objects which are the foundation for more complex analysis such as navigation, data reconstruction, spatial queries and others. However, the topological support provided by spatial databases varies. This paper provided an overview on the current implementations of topological support in spatial databases such as ArcGIS, QGIS, PostgreSQL and others. The native topology in most spatial databases was found to be 2D topology maintained by 2D topology rules with limited representation of 3D topological relationships. Consequently, 3D objects represented by 2D topology had to be decomposed into objects of lower dimensions. Approaches to implement additional topological support for spatial databases included the use of topological data models, data structures, operators, and rules. 3D applications such as 3D cadastre required more detailed representations of topological information which required a more comprehensive 3D topological data model. Nonetheless, comprehensive preservation of topological information also mandates voluminous storage and higher computational efficiency. Thus, the appropriate 3D topological support should be provided in spatial databases to accurately represent 3D objects and meet 3D analysis requirements.
UAV-BASED 3D VIRTUAL TOUR CREATION
Authors: Sefercik U. G. , Kavzoglu T. , Nazar M. , Atalay C. , Madak M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Lately, improvements in game engines have increased the interest in virtual reality (VR) technologies, that engages users with an artificial environment, and have led to the adoption of VR systems to display geospatial data. Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and thus the necessity to stay at home, VR tours became very popular. In this paper, we tried to create a three-dimensional (3D) virtual tour for Gebze Technical University (GTU) Southern Campus by transferring high-resolution unmanned air vehicle (UAV) data into a virtual domain. UAV data is preferred in various applications because of its high spatial resolution, low cost and fast processing time. In this application, the study area was captured from different modes and altitudes of UAV flights with a minimum ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2.18 cm using a 20 MP digital camera. The UAV data was processed in Structure from Motion (SfM) based photogrammetric evaluation software Agisoft Metashape and high-quality 3D textured mesh models were generated. Image orientation was completed using an optimal number of ground control points (GCPs), and the geometric accuracy was calculated as ±8 mm (~0.4 pixels). To create the VR tour, UAV-based mesh models were transferred into the Unity game engine and optimization processes were carried out by applying occlusion culling and space subdivision algorithms. To improve the visualization, 3D object models such as trees, lighting poles and arbours were positioned on VR. Finally, textual metadata about buildings and a player with a first-person camera were added for an informative VR experience.
The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of summer Arctic cyclones
Authors: Gray Suzanne L. , Hodges Kevin I. , Vautrey Jonathan L. , Methven John
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Human activity in the Arctic is increasing as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for improved understanding of hazardous weather there. Arctic cyclones are the major weather systems affecting the Arctic environment during summer, including the sea ice distribution. Mesoscale to synoptic-scale tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) frequently occur in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. However, while the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, as well as being an integral part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is mainly limited to a few case studies. Here we examine the extent to which Arctic cyclone growth is coupled to TPVs by analysing a climatology of summer Arctic cyclones and TPVs produced by tracking both features in the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5). The annual counts of Arctic cyclones and TPVs are significantly correlated for features with genesis either within or outside the Arctic, implying that TPVs have a role in the development of Arctic cyclones. However, only about one-third of Arctic cyclones have their genesis or intensify while a TPV of Arctic origin is (instantaneously) within about twice the Rossby radius of the cyclone centre. Consistent with the different track densities of the full sets of Arctic cyclones and TPVs, cyclones with TPVs within range throughout their intensification phase (matched cyclones) track preferentially over the Arctic Ocean along the North American coastline and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In contrast, cyclones intensifying distant from any TPV (unmatched cyclones) track preferentially along the northern coast of Eurasia. Composite analysis reveals the presence of a distinct relative vorticity maximum at and above the tropopause level associated with the TPV throughout the intensification period for matched cyclones and that these cyclones have a reduced upstream tilt compared to unmatched cyclones. Interaction of cyclones with TPVs has implications for the predictability of Arctic weather, given the long lifetime but relatively small spatial scale of TPVs compared with the density of the polar observation network.
La influencia de la anglomanía en la jerga de los/las profesionales de la comunicación en España
Authors: González-Oñate Cristina , Fanjul-Peyró Carlos , Salvador-Harsh Elizabeth Lauren
Published: December 2021

Durante los años de formación universitaria en los estudios de comunicación social, sobre todo el ámbito de la comunicación estratégica, existe una cierta preferencia por el uso de la jerga en inglés tanto por parte de los/las académicos, como de los/las profesionales, a pesar de que la mayoría de palabras tienen su propia traducción al español. Nos referimos a términos como “target”, en vez de público objetivo, “timing”, en vez de cronograma, “packaging”, en lugar de embalaje, etc. Este fenómeno se denomina “anglomanía en el mundo de la comunicación”, en el que se hace un uso abusivo del inglés frente al español en la jerga del sector de la comunicación en España. Las personas profesionales, académicas y usuarias de esta jerga sustituyen el uso de términos en español por términos en inglés, sea o no necesario. Por medio de esta investigación, se realiza una comparativa del uso de anglicismos entre el sector profesional y entre el sector con el fin de analizar dicho uso y su frecuencia y, además, de comprobar si existe una correlación adecuada del uso entre ambos sectores en favor de una formación universitaria eficaz y acorde con el mercado laboral. En las conclusiones se observa que el uso de tecnicismos en inglés en la jerga de la comunicación es una realidad, pero no coinciden ni la cantidad de tecnicismos que usan los/las profesionales con respecto a los académicos, ni la selección de anglicismos que se utilizan en cada ámbito.
La decadencia del sueño americano en A serious man (2009). Trauma e incertidumbre en las sociedades occidentales a partir de los años 60
Authors: García López Javier
Published: December 2021

Los años sesenta del siglo XX representan un momento determinante para las sociedades actuales, fundamentadas en un sistema socioeconómico de producción y consumo crecientes. Sin embargo, la cara menos amable del estado de bienestar comienza a emerger también en esa época. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los traumas e incertidumbres provocados por la decadencia del sueño americano, representados en A serious man (2009), de los hermanos Coen. A partir de un análisis narrativo, se observa cómo las inseguridades y emociones negativas inundan la psique de los individuos menos adaptados al sistema, como el protagonista de la película, Larry Gopnik. Desde una óptica judía tradicional, el relato muestra las dificultades de la vida cotidiana para aceptar los designios de un tipo serio.
40 años de obstáculos a las radios comunitarias en España (1979 – 2021)
Authors: García García Javier
Published: December 2021

La historia de las radios libres, culturales y comunitarias es paralela a la historia de la democracia española. Sin embargo, su estatus legal sigue siendo precario y actualmente son muy pocas las radios con estas características que posee licencia para emitir. La tensión entre administración estatal – regional y el desorden legislativo, son algunas de las razones. Este artículo propone una periodización que articula la actividad llevada a cabo por el sector de las radios libres, culturales y comunitarias en tanto movimiento social en su lucha por el reconocimiento con los cambios legales y de reparto de frecuencias. La tesis es que durante estas 4 décadas la labor del Estado español ha sido de bloqueo del sector, por acción u omisión. En el actual momento de debate de una nueva ley audiovisual se abre una nueva oportunidad, quizás la definitiva, pero el movimiento se encuentra en declive.
Una radio total para la radiodifusión pública: el modelo de Eduardo Sotillos en Radio Nacional de España (1981)
Authors: García Gil Samuel
Published: December 2021

Entre enero y noviembre de 1981, Eduardo Sotillos ejerció de director de Radio Nacional de España (RNE), en el marco del estrenado Estatuto de 1980 para RTVE. Sotillos planteó una renovación en RNE, basada en el directo, la información y la transversalidad de géneros radiofónicos, bajo el lema de radio total. Esta investigación analiza aquella transformación a través de las hemerotecas de diarios generalistas (El País, ABC, Diario 16, La Vanguardia) y revistas (Cambio 16, Tele-Radio), la programación del Primer Programa-Radio 1 y la inédita memoria de actividades de RNE. Los resultados reflejan una reestructuración interna –del organigrama– y externa –de la parrilla– que generó reacciones muy dispares, pero que sentó las bases de un nuevo modelo de radio pública en España.
100 años de radio: la fuerza de la voluntad, la voz de los pioneros
Authors: Balsebre Torroja Armand , Fernández-Sande Manuel
Published: December 2021

El artículo propone una narración histórica del proceso de nacimiento y desarrollo de la radiodifusión en España a través de la aproximación biográfica a una selección de pioneros -integrada por ingenieros, empresarios y directivos- que tuvieron un papel determinante en la conformación del medio radiofónico. A partir de la consulta de un amplio repertorio de fuentes documentales -escritas y orales-, se reconstruyen las características personales, actuaciones y trayectorias de estos personajes, entendidos como actor colectivo, sin los que no resulta posible comprender en toda su complejidad las dificultades que necesitó superar la radio para convertirse en un medio de comunicación centenario.
¿Antropoceno? Riesgos eco‐sociales y geopolítica global: una visión desde la ecología política.
Authors: Romero Muñoz Javier
Published: December 2021

De acuerdo con los datos científicos, hay razones para pensar que hemos dejado atrás el Holoceno para adentrarnos en una nueva época geológica caracterizada por la influencia humana sobre el funcionamiento del sistema planetario global: el Antropoceno. Lejos de ser una hipótesis científica, esta recategorización constituye un cambio de profundas consecuencias geopolíticas, que plantea nuevos desafíos y riesgos eco-sociales para la especie en su conjunto. Este trabajo explora los orígenes y el contenido de esta hipótesis, junto con la Gran Acelaración, prestando especial atención a sus efectos sobre los humanos, así como a sus implicaciones geopolíticas.
La conectividad de los cursos fluviales de la Comunidad de Madrid: una evaluación ambiental a partir de proyectos globales de mapeo hidrográfico
Authors: García Quiroga Fernando
Published: December 2021

Durante miles de años los ríos han jugado un papel fundamental en las sociedades humanas, proporcionando agua para usos domésticos y agrícolas, así como medio imprescindible para el transporte, la producción industrial y la generación de energía eléctrica. Por ello, los ríos son fuentes esenciales de riqueza económica, salud ambiental y también elementos de cohesión cultural. En las últimas décadas y debido a las necesidades crecientes de agua dulce, el número de presas y embalses se ha incrementado de manera muy importante en todo el Mundo, poniendo en peligro la conectividad de muchos ríos, y produciendo graves repercusiones medioambientales. La presente investigación se centra en el análisis de la conectividad longitudinal de los ríos de la Comunidad de Madrid, mediante una evaluación comparada de diferentes proyectos globales de mapeo hidrográfico, por medio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en alta resolución espacial.
Batuque para enfrentar a pandemia
Authors: Reis Marco Aurélio , Dias Rezende Rafael Otávio , Fernandes Rodrigues Sérgio Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Os desfiles das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro, desde o seu surgimento nos anos 1930, passaram por transformações como forma de sobreviver às mudanças da sociedade ao longo do tempo. Com a COVID-19, novos desafios se impuseram, exigindo a reinvenção do ritual carnavalesco e sua forma de comunicação interna e com a sociedade. Tendo o crescimento do espetáculo associado à TV, as agremiações intensificaram a interação com o público no meio virtual, sobretudo com lives no YouTube. A partir dessa percepção, adota-se o estudo de caso (YIN, 2011) e a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016) para investigar as lives de semifinal e final da disputa de samba da escola Mocidade Independente para 2022. Observam-se esforços pela manutenção das tradições, reforço à identidade, estratégias de sobrevivência, adaptação para a ciberespaço e profissionalização on-line como forma de resistência.
O Silêncio da Sapucaí e o barulho na internet:
Authors: Moratelli Valmir , Dias Mariana
Published: December 2021

Diante das adversidades provocadas pela recente experiência da pandemia de Covid-19, a proposta desse artigo é discutir a ausência dos desfiles de escola de samba do Rio de Janeiro a partir da experiência de uma transmissão ocorrida pela internet nos dias de carnaval, em fevereiro de 2021. Ao se analisar um canal do Youtube chamado “Boi com Abóbora”, que utiliza imagens de carnavais antigos para fazer transmissão no tempo presente, o trabalho discute noções de nostalgia e memória. O embaralhamento de narrativas, novos recortes e uma supressão do tempo contemporâneo atravessam esse objeto, que nos fazem pensar sobre a identidade cultural como ligação do coletivo social, ou a criação do senso de pertencimento. Como metodologia, explicamos de forma empírica o objeto, como foi realizada a transmissão e suas características, para se discutir, em seguida, como essa experiência alivia danos do distanciamento social causado pela pandemia. Tal atividade nos leva a apresentar, entre os resultados, uma reflexão sobre os impactos e transformações da cultura, mesmo quando as manifestações populares estavam aparentemente suspensas. Desse modo, conclui-se que as forças culturais, em tempos de crise pandêmica, se mantêm em sua tônica máxima, a de fazerem presentes como forma de elo e pertencimento social.
Cultural Diplomacy on International Film Festivals, during the unprecedented year of 2020.
Authors: Fetter Nicoletti Manuela , Reis e Silva João Guilherme Barone
Published: December 2021

Against the countless cancellations of cultural events around the globe, the dynamics of the film festival circuit and its representations took on new courses and different perspectives. About these symbolic power relations, the article dives into a brief data record, on the performance and possible adaptations upon the organization of film festivals, during the year 2020, and throughout the global pandemic, that exponentiated the digitization of some structuring processes on international cinematographic circulation. Ultimately, it adds notions of cultural diplomacy to international film festivals. In order to transpose theoretical concepts to contemporary practice and verify, in this way, the influences and consequences of virtualization to the subjectivities and significance of diplomacy and otherness upon interconnected identities in the current global community.
A religiosidade marginal-maconhista da Igreja dos Humildes
Authors: Kossar Furtado Kevin Willian
Published: December 2021

Em perspectiva teológico-folkcomunicacional, o presente texto examina, a partir da análise da cobertura da mídia, o uso da maconha nas celebrações da Igreja dos Humildes (Maceió, Alagoas) enquanto prática que caracteriza religiosidade marginal, contra-hegemônica e controversa do cristianismo. Além de resgatar usos de substâncias psicoativas em cerimônias de diferentes religiões, a reflexão teológica se concentra nas dimensões de religiosidade, espiritualidade, carisma e sacramento, ao passo que a folkcomunicacional avalia a Igreja dos Humildes enquanto um grupo culturalmente marginalizado cujos líderes de opinião comunicam ideias contrapostas e de contestação à estrutura religiosa cristã hegemônica.
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA POWER ENERGY IN THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Guțu-Chetrușca Corina , Guțu Aurel ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2021

The anti-COVID restrictions have resulted in a reduction of the total world energy consumption. At the same time, the transfer of the activities to home increased the household consumption of electricity by up to 30%. In the Republic of Moldova, the total electricity consumption in 2020 decreased compared to 2019 by 0.22 %, while household consumption increased by 3.5%. In the first quarter of 2021, household consumption increased by 7.8%, raising the share of household consumption to 45.5 %. Working from home has proven to be convenient for both employees and employers, so the trend is expected to remain after the pandemic crisis. In this context, a series of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions in residential buildings are expected to be implemented.
ALGORITHM FOR SELF-TUNING THE PID CONTROLLER
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Cojuhari Irina
Published: December 2021

An algorithm for self-tuning the PID controller to the second order systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed self-tuning procedure was developed according to the maximum stability degree criterion, the criterion that permits to achieve the high stability degree, good performance and robustness of the system. According to the proposed algorithm, the controller can be tuned according to the parameters that characterize the process and they can be determinate from the experimental response of the open loop system. To demonstrate the efficiency of proposed procedure of self-tuning the PID controller, the computer simulation was performed and the obtained results were compared with Haeri’s method, maximum stability degree method with iterations and parametrical optimization method. According to the developed algorithm, it was performed the control of the thermal regime in the oven.
ASSURING THE SDN SECURITY BY MODELLING AND COMPARING SDN PROPOSED TOPOLOGIES USING PETRI NETS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Ameen Ali
Published: December 2021

The soaring number of applications for autonomous systems in different aspects like air, sea, and space is creating the need for new methodologies and architectures’ technologies to consolidate the verification of system-level and system-of-systems level. The implementation of cybersecurity standards and software is critical to supporting infrastructure. This article discusses some security issues regarding autonomous systems' computer networks. It proposes the usage of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) technologies as a solution, after providing better security in SDN environment through the usage of the HYDRA framework and the usage of multiple controllers in specific topologies to ensure the security of SDN in precise and to ensure the security of the autonomous systems' computer networks in general as well. We propose a framework that contains 3 different types of controllers' topologies and each topology can use 4 algorithms, HYDRA, VPN, Double RSA, and least but not last comes blockchain technology which is the core of our security.
STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE CORROSION RESISTANCE
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Eletchih Albina
Published: December 2021

This article describes the problem of corrosion of concrete at the enterprises of the wine and fruit and vegetable industry in Moldova, the kind of organic acids that destroy concrete are considered. Such a specific type of chemical corrosion as leaching is also considered. The reaction of the influence of malic acid on concrete is reflected, as a result of which readily soluble calcium malic acid is formed. The structural parameter of corrosion resistance to chemical corrosion has been studied. The formula for the corrosion resistance of concrete is derived and explained. The structural parameter of resistance to chemical corrosion is investigated on various types of concrete. The formula for coefficient resistance of concrete to chemical corrosion is derived. Also, two dependencies are displayed: Dependence of the coefficient of resistance of concrete to chemical corrosion on the volume of cement stone; Dependence of the coefficient of concrete resistance to leaching corrosion on the structural parameter.
COOPERATION MANAGEMENT MODEL: A CASE STUDY AT THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia, Harmen Hilma , Dalimunthe Muhammad Bukhori ,   Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia, Lubis Wildansyah ,   Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia, Harahap Lokot Muda ,   Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia, Dalimunthe Raudah Zaimah ,   Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the collaboration that has been implemented in the curriculum as a cooperation management model to support campus performance indicators. Cooperation management uses the management functions introduced by Robbins et al., namely planning, organizing, operating, coordinating and evaluating. The case studies used in this research involve all study programs (N = 9) at the Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of items focused on a differential semantic scale and qualitative responses to all items submitted at the time of the interview. This paper also reveals the dominant functions of cooperation management performed in the study program, namely: organization (8.00), planning (7.87), coordination (7.75), action (7.56), respectively evaluation (6.96). The function of the actuating and evaluation components is a severe concern for campus leaders. Flexibility and commitment to fund management support is essential for existing collaborations and plans for cooperation on strategic objectives. The implications of the study's findings - the model of industrial cooperation to strengthen collaboration between the two sides will serve for the future.
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF LACTOSE-FREE DAIRY PRODUCTS IN THIS CONDITION (Review)
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bulgaru Viorica , Popescu Liliana ,   Technical University of Moldova, Siminiuc Rodica ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2021

The paper is a review of the importance of expanding the lactose-free dairy segment to give consumers the opportunity to consume milk and dairy products if they suffer from lactose intolerance. When there is a lactase deficiency in the body, in the small intestine lactose is not hydrolyzed, the volume increases and the fluidity of the intestinal contents increases, allowing lactose to reach the colon where it is fermented by colonic bacteria. Lactose intolerance is a condition that depending on the form developed will show different symptoms and consumers suffering from this disease may ingest amounts between 12-24 g of lactose consumed during a day, taking into account certain recommendations, compared to allergy to milk proteins, where the consumption of dairy products is prohibited. Due to the rich intake of important macro and micronutrients in human nutrition, dairy products cannot be missing from the daily diet. In this context, methods are proposed, in particular ultrafiltration, for obtain free lactose milk that does not affect its composition and properties. Consumers suffering from lactose intolerance should be properly informed about the lactose content in manufactured lactose-free dairy products. This can be done after using highperformance instrumental methods of analysis that can detect the lowest values of lactose content in dairy products.
Typology and effects of economic sanctions on foreign trade
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Tau Nicolae , Antoci Natalia ,   Moldova State University
Published: December 2021

Economic sanctions are defined in the dictionary of economics, in general, as ,,prohibitive economic measures applied by the international community on the export and/ or import of material goods, services, resources, etc. to or from a particular country”. The types of sanctions range from personal restrictions to almost total bans on international trade with one or more countries, which can be extended even to restrictions on legal rights such as trademark protection and other intellectual property. Sometimes sanctions can be included as part of protectionist measures representing behaviors designed to increase wealth without creating wealth, the most famous cases being attempts to force a country's authorities into desirable political action. Usually, these attempts target political and economic leaders, businesses and assets that are considered vulnerable to external pressures. Although some doubt the effectiveness of sanctions, the prevailing opinion is slightly in their favor.
Analysis of Knowledge, Implementation and Monitoring of K3 on Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) at Pt. Mujur Lestari Labuhan Batu Selatan
Authors: Tambunan Hotbona Novandi , . Nazaruddin , Sadalia Isfenti
Published: December 2021

Occupational Health and Safety (K3) is aimed as an effort to create a workplace that is safe, healthy, free from environmental pollution, so that it can reduce and or be free from work accidents and occupational diseases and can have an impact on increasing work efficiency and productivity. The need for implementation and Monitoring of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System at PT. Mujur Lestari must have a good corporate culture and be able to contribute to SMK3. For that PT. Mujur Lestari makes implementation and Monitoring to minimize the risk of work accidents for employees. The sample used in this study were employees of PT. Mujur Lestari, totaling 81 people. The data collection method used a questionnaire while the analytical method used was multivariate analysis. The results showed that there was an influence between knowledge on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) at PT. Mujur Lestari with a tcount greater than ttable, the effect of applying the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) with a tcount greater than ttable, the effect of Monitoring on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) with a greater tcount from ttable and there is no relationship between the implementation and Monitoring of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3). The conclusion shows that the knowledge variable has a positive and significant effect on the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3), the application variable has a positive and significant impact on the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) and the Monitoring variable has a positive and significant effect on the Occupational Safety and Health Management System. (SMK3).

Keywords: Occupational Health and Safety (K3), Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3).
Proportion and Characteristics of Insomnia among Lecturers Continuing Postgraduate Education at the Faculty of Medicine Udayana University
Authors: Melia Daradila Ni Putu Kostarika , Indrasari Utami Desak Ketut , Tini Kumara
Published: December 2021

Fatigue and work stress can trigger insomnia. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder with a prevalence of 10-30% in the world population. One of the professions that are prone to work burnout are lecturers, especially lecturers who are currently pursuing postgraduate education. These lecturers have two roles, namely as educators and college students, so they have a fairly solid task. This study aims to determine the proportion and characteristics of insomnia in lecturers who continue their postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The data collection technique was carried out by total sampling by distributing questionnaires to lecturers who continuing postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine. This study involved 41 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of all subjects, 24.4% had mild insomnia, the rest did not experience insomnia. Mild insomnia is most common in the early adult age group, with more frequent in males than females. Subject have varying stress levels. More obese and do not apply sleep hygiene. All subjects do not smoke, most do not consume coffee and alcohol. In conclusion, the proportion of insomnia among lecturers who continue their postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine is 24.4% with mild insomnia category. Mild insomnia is more common in male lecturers in early adulthood with varying levels of stress and most of them are obese and do not apply sleep hygiene.

Keywords: [Insomnia, Lecturer, Student, Postgraduate].
Evaluation the Role of Nutrition Support Team for Monitoring the Types, Complication, Nutrients and Drugs Provision in the Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Alshikhy Aisha , Almasallati Hanaa , Saif Marwa Abu
Published: December 2021

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a form of administering nutrients, include water, macro and micronutrients and is one of widely used mode of therapy used in patients who are unable to tolerate oral or enteral feeding. Therefore, the success of nutritional therapy depends chiefly on nutrition support teams. The aim of the present work to evaluation the provision of parenteral nutrition in the Benghazi medical center.
A total of 86 patients were involved in the study and numbers of questions were answered from nutrition support team at the hospital. The result revealed that PPN (IV drip) most common used and mixture of dextrose and sodium chloride were highly provision in the hospital. Furthermore the Doctors at the ward were shown have fully responsibility for provided PN but there were neglected role of dietitian and pharmacist. Patients monitoring were not carried out routinely. Most drug delivered by PN found NSAIDs and insulin. Dextrose and sodium chlorides commonly used in the hospital for delivery medication. The present study also demonstrated that, PN did not fulfill the patients requirement and there were no patients monitoring. PN found to be used most frequently in some condition were where in real need such as pulmonary disease, GIT disorder and renal disease. Furthermore, TPN provided for the admitted patients include in emergencies, therapeutic and for unconscious patients. There were reported a number of complication in patient received PN due to lack of monitoring and prolong replacements of PN drainage. PPN (Iv drips) were the most common uses at the hospital and longer duration was proved which might led to patients burden in the hospital. Furthermore, due to the uses of PPN for longer times this could contribute for patients malnutrition. Our data suggested that, comprehensive nutrition support team and provision of intervention programs in order to increased quality and reduced patients burden and also the result of our study needed to be validated in large sample to know the real role of dietitian and pharmacist for ordered of drugs and nutrients and nutrients drug interactions.

Keywords: Nutrients, Provision, TPN, PN, complication, medications.
Effect of Motivation, Work Environment and Workload on Employee Performance at PT. Benua Penta Global Medan
Authors: Ginting Nurmaidah , Nagara Putra , . Selly
Published: December 2021

This study is to determine and analyze the effect of motivation, work environment and workload on employee performance at PT. Benua Penta Global Medan. The research approach here is based on a quantitative approach. Sampling techniques are generally carried out randomly. The population used is employees as many as 137 people and the sample of this study amounted to 102 people obtained from the slovin formula. This research model uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that motivation and workload partially had a significant effect on employee performance and work environment partially had no significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, motivation, work environment and workload have a significant effect on employee performance. The coefficient of determination seen from the adjusted R square is 0.283 which means that it implies that the effect of motivation, work environment and workload on employee performance is 28.3% and the remaining 71.7% is the influence of other independent variables not examined in this study such as competence, work stress, etc.

Keywords: Motivation, Work Environment, Workload, Employee Performance.
Effect of Work Discipline and Competency on Employee Performance at Goddes Bakery Bali-Indonesia
Authors: Sri Meitri Ida Ayu , Setena I Made , Mariyatni Ni Putu Sri
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the skills and abilities of Goddes Bakery Bali employees and their compliance with all applicable regulations in the company. There are some employees who work in the production department often experience errors with the lack of knowledge and skills of employees, so many breads are rejected which results in a lack of efficiency in raw materials, employees are often absent for no reason even though the company has carried out daily briefings before and after doing work. This will clearly affect the performance of employees and also the performance of the company. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to examine the effect of competence and discipline on employee performance. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires which were used as research instruments. Sampling was carried out using the saturated sample method or the census method, with 34 respondents. Respondents. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at Goodes Bakery Bali. Which means, the higher the employee's work discipline, the employee's performance will increase. Competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at Goodes Bakery Bali. Which means, the higher the competence of employees, the performance of employees will increase.

Keywords: Performance, Discipline, Competence.