bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, Cigarette, and Illegal Substance Consumption Among Medical Students
Authors: Gignon M. , Havet E. , Ammirati C. , Traullé S. , Manaouil C. , Balcaen T. , Loas G. , Dubois G. , Ganry O.
Published: April 2015

This study investigated addictive substance use by French medical students. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 255 participants randomly selected from 1,021 second- to sixth-year medical students. Questionnaires were self-administered and included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, and alcohol (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT test]), tobacco (Fagerstrom test), and illegal substance consumption (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test [CAST test]). The AUDIT scores indicated that 11% of the study participants were at risk for addiction and 21% were high-risk users. Tobacco dependence was strong or very strong for 12% of the participants. The CAST score showed that 5% of cannabis users needed health care services. Cannabis users were also more likely than non-users to fail their medical school examinations (89% vs. 39%, p < .01). One quarter of medical student participants ( n = 41) had used other illegal drugs, and 10% of study participants had considered committing suicide during the previous 12 months. Psychoactive substance consumption by French medical students requires preventive measures, screening, and health care services.
Constructing Adulthood
Authors: Sharon Tanya
Published: April 2015

In modern industrialized societies, young people face an extended period of unprecedented freedom, and challenges, en route to fully adult roles. Using the Markers of Adulthood Scale, I explore the markers emerging adults view as most important to achieving adulthood, their attainment of those markers, and how the fit between the two relates to participants’ overall well-being. Results showed that the most important markers for well-being were those over which young adults have more control: relational maturity (e.g., establishing an equal relationship with parents and developing greater consideration for others). In contrast, the markers which most emerging adults had yet to attain and had relatively less control over (i.e., traditional role transitions such as being settled into a career) did not predict well-being. Overall, it appears that emerging adults construct personal conceptualizations of adulthood adaptively, although results suggested that the path to adulthood may be more elusive for females than males.
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates LPS-induced expression of IL-12 and IL-23 in human dendritic cells
Authors: Wei Wen-Chi , Liu Chih-Pin , Yang Wen-Chin , Shyur Lie-Fen , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Chen Swey-Shen , Yang Ning-Sun
Published: April 2015

IL-12 p40, a common subunit for both IL-12 p70 and IL-23, plays a critical role in the development of Th1 and Th17 cells and autoimmune diseases. Regulation of IL-12 p40 expression is thus considered to be a strategy for developing therapies for Th1- and Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. The mTOR protein is a subunit mTORC1 and mTORC2. Although mTORC1 has been shown to mediate IL-12 p40 expression in DCs and relevant signaling, the role of mTORC2 in IL-12 p40 expression remains largely unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that blocking mTORC2 activity using the phytochemical cytopiloyne can specifically inhibit LPS-induced expression of IL-12 p70, IL-23, and IL-12 p40 in human DCs. This regulation by mTORC2 involving Akt activation and the persistent phase of NF-κB activation is further confirmed by siRNA knockdown of Rictor and Sin1 gene expression and the use of alternative inhibition approaches. In terms of IL-12 p40 expression, our findings reveal a new role for the mTORC2 pathway that is antagonistic to that of mTORC1. Our study provides new insight into mTOR regulation of IL-12 p40-mediated Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th17 (IL-17) responses and suggests that the phytochemical cytopiloyne might have useful applications in therapies for Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Expression and role of a2 vacuolar-ATPase (a2V) in trafficking of human neutrophil granules and exocytosis
Authors: Gilman-Sachs Alice , Tikoo Anjali , Akman-Anderson Leyla , Jaiswal Mukesh , Ntrivalas Evangelos , Beaman Kenneth
Published: April 2015

Neutrophils kill microorganisms by inducing exocytosis of granules with antibacterial properties. Four isoforms of the “a” subunit of V-ATPase—a1V, a2V, a3V, and a4V—have been identified. a2V is expressed in white blood cells, that is, on the surface of monocytes or activated lymphocytes. Neutrophil associated-a2V was found on membranes of primary (azurophilic) granules and less often on secondary (specific) granules, tertiary (gelatinase granules), and secretory vesicles. However, it was not found on the surface of resting neutrophils. Following stimulation of neutrophils, primary granules containing a2V as well as CD63 translocated to the surface of the cell because of exocytosis. a2V was also found on the cell surface when the neutrophils were incubated in ammonium chloride buffer (pH 7.4) a weak base. The intracellular pH (cytosol) became alkaline within 5 min after stimulation, and the pH increased from 7.2 to 7.8; this pH change correlated with intragranular acidification of the neutrophil granules. Upon translocation and exocytosis, a2V on the membrane of primary granules remained on the cell surface, but myeloperoxidase was secreted. V-ATPase may have a role in the fusion of the granule membrane with the cell surface membrane before exocytosis. These findings suggest that the granule-associated a2V isoform has a role in maintaining a pH gradient within the cell between the cytosol and granules in neutrophils and also in fusion between the surface and the granules before exocytosis. Because a2V is not found on the surface of resting neutrophils, surface a2V may be useful as a biomarker for activated neutrophils.
Substrate-preheating Effects on PbI2 Spin Coating for Perovskite Solar Cells via Sequential Deposition
Authors: Ito Seigo , Tanaka Soichiro , Nishino Hitoshi
Published: April 2015

The preheating of mesoporous TiO2 electrodes just before PbI2 deposition has quite an important effect on the sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer for the utilization of solar cells. The effects were disclosed by comparisons of the surface morphologies and the photovoltaics with and without preheating.
L' expedition de l' armee Grecque en Asie Mineure (1919-1922) vue a travers les lettres des soldats: Une "culture de guerre" heritee de la Grande Guerre (1914-1918)?
Authors: Grigoriou Panagiotis
Published: April 2015

Ο Ελληνοτουρκικός πόλεμος του 1919-1922 στη Μικρά Ασία υπήρξε προέκταση τόσο του Α' Παγκόσμιου Πολέμου όσο και των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων (1912-1913). Η ήττα του ελληνικού στρατού οδήγησε στην άφιξη δύο εκατομμυρίων προσφύγων στην Ελλάδα, συνιστώντας έτσι ένα μείζον επεισόδιο της ελληνικής Ιστορίας. Το παρόν άρθρο περιγράφει την καθημερινή ζωή και τις αναπαραστάσεις του Έλληνα στρατιώτη στο μέτωπο μέσα από άμεσες πηγές, όπως είναι οι επιστολές πού έστελναν οι στρατευμένοι στις «αδελφές τού στρατιώτου», οι εφημερίδες κ.ά. Στα κείμενα αυτά διακρίνονται οι διαφορετικές πτυχές της ζωής στο μέτωπο και ιδιαίτερα η κοινωνικότητα στη μάχη. Η μελέτη διερευνά τη δυνατότητα σύγκρισης της κατάστασης του Έλληνα στρατιώτη με εκείνη του Γάλλου στον Α' Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Η Μικρασιατική εκστρατεία (1919-1922), απόρροια τού συγκεκριμένου ιστορικού πλαισίου των δύο χωρών, βιώθηκε και «επιτελέστηκε» από τον Έλληνα στρατιώτη σύμφωνα με πρακτικές πού σχετίζονται με τις δυναμικές των συρράξεων του 1914-1918 και τού 1912-1913.
Scenes de vie quotidienne et exemples de mentalite Phanariotes pendant le XVIIIe siecle
Authors: Zervos Socrate C.
Published: April 2015

Ή εργασία αυτή, μέρος διδακτορικής διατριβής για τήν πολιτική ιδεολογία
των Φαναριωτών, προτίθεται να παρουσιάσει ενδεικτικά καί χαρακτηριστικά
στοιχεία του φαναριωτικοϋ βίου καί τής φαναριωτικής νοοτροπίας
τόσο στο Φανάρι όσο καί στις Παραδουνάβιες ήγεμονίες κατά τον ΙΗ'
αιώνα.

Ό όγκος των πηγών πού σχετίζονται άμεσα ή έμμεσα με το θέμα αυτό
μάς οδήγησε στήν επιλογή τεσσάρων κειμένων, των όποιων ή παράλληλη
εξέταση επιτρέπει, κατά τή γνώμη μας, τήν ικανοποιητική θεώρηση τού
θέματος. Οί τέσσερις βασικές αύτές πηγές είναι: α) Κωνσταντίνου Καρατζά,
Εφημερίδες ιδιόχειροι, έκδ. Eud. de HURMUZAKI, Documente privitoare
la Istoria Românilor, (vol. XIII, Texte greceçtiprivitoare la istoria româneasca,
έκδ. A. Παπαδοπούλου-Κεραμέως), Βουκουρέστι 1909' β) M.-A. Cazzarti,
Viaggio di Costantinopoli à lassi... nel 1742, έκδ. Φ. K. Φάλμπου, ’Αθήνα
1979' γ) W. Wilkinson, An account of the principalities of Walachia and
Moldavia, Λονδίνο 1820' καί δ) M. Ph. Zallony, Traité sur les ... Fanariotes,
Μασσαλία 1824.
Βεβαίως οί τέσσερις αύτές πηγές, καθώς καί εκείνες πού χρησιμοποιούνται
παράλληλα, δέν επιτρέπουν ούτε τήν εξάντληση τού θέματος ούτε τήν
πλήρη παρακολούθηση τής χρονολογικής εξέλιξης τής νοοτροπίας των Φα-
ναριωτών ή τή διαφοροποίησή της άπό τήν Κωνσταντινούπολη στή Μολδοβλαχία.
Ή βαθύτερη καί συστηματικότερη μελέτη των προβλημάτων αύτών
θά άποτελέσει αντικείμενο μελλοντικής εργασίας μας.
George Horton and Mark L. Bristol: Opposing forces in U.S. foreign policy 1919-1923
Authors: Housepian Marjorie
Published: April 2015

Μεταξύ των ετών 1919 καί 1923 οί δύο όψεις της έξωτερικής πολιτικής
των ΗΠΑ στήν Εγγύς ’Ανατολή προσωποποιοΰνται από δύο διακεκριμένους
’Αμερικανούς διπλωμάτες στήν Τουρκία, των οποίων οί πολιτικές καί πνευματικές
πεποιθήσεις καί προδιαθέσεις ήταν τόσο ασυμβίβαστες όσο καί ή πολιτική
γραμμή πού ό καθένας υποστήριζε. Ό ναύαρχος Mark L. Bristol, "Υπατος
'Αρμοστής των ΗΠΑ στήν Κωνσταντινούπολη, ηγείτο μαχητικά τής μερίδας
πού άντιπροσώπευε άμερικανικά πετρελαιοπαραγωγικά καί επιχειρηματικά
συμφέροντα. Στόχος του ήταν νά έξασφαλίσει τήν εΰνοια τής νέας υπό
έκκόλαψη τουρκικής ήγεσίας πού συσπείρωσε γύρω του ό Mustafa Remai
καί έτσι νά ύπερισχύσει επί των άντιπάλων των άμερικανικών συμφερόντων
στήν έκμετάλλευση των πετρελαιοπηγών τής Μοσούλης. Γιά νά έπιτύχει το
σκοπό αύτό οφείλε, επίσης, νά άντιστρέψει τήν αμερικανική κοινή γνώμη υπέρ
τής Τουρκίας.
’Αντίθετα, ό George Horton, Γενικός Πρόξενος τών ΗΠΑ στή Σμύρνη,
άγωνιζόταν νά διαφωτίσει τούς αρχιτέκτονες τής άμερικανικής πολιτικής στήν
Ούάσινγκτον καί τούς ’Αμερικανούς πολίτες σχετικά μέ τή δοκιμασία τών χριστιανικών
μειονοτήτων στή μεταπολεμική Τουρκία, γιά τή φύση τής έλληνο-
τουρκικής σύγκρουσης καί νά προκαλέσει το ενδιαφέρον τής άμερικανικής φιλανθρωπίας
στήν εμπόλεμη περιοχή.
"Οπως θά μπορούσε νά προβλεφθεϊ, τά συμφέροντα τών έπιχειρηματικών
κύκλων ύπερίσχυσαν, διαμορφώνοντας τήν πολιτική τών ΗΠΑ στή Μικρά
Άσία γιά τις επόμενες δεκαετίες.
Mobile Ad Effectiveness: Hyper-Contextual Targeting with Crowdedness
Authors: Andrews Michelle , Luo Xueming , Fang Zheng , Ghose Anindya
Published: April 2015

This research examines the effects of hyper-contextual targeting with physical crowdedness on consumer responses to mobile ads. It relies on rich field data from one of the world’s largest telecom providers who can gauge physical crowdedness in real-time in terms of the number of active mobile users in subway trains. The telecom provider randomly sent targeted mobile ads to individual users, measured purchase rates, and surveyed purchasers and nonpurchasers. Based on a sample of 14,972 mobile phone users, the results suggest that, counterintuitively, commuters in crowded subway trains are about twice as likely to respond to a mobile offer by making a purchase vis-à-vis those in noncrowded trains. On average, the purchase rates measured 2.1% with fewer than two people per square meter, and increased to 4.3% with five people per square meter, after controlling for peak and off-peak times, weekdays and weekends, mobile use behaviors, and randomly sending mobile ads to users. The effects are robust to exploiting sudden variations in crowdedness induced by unanticipated train delays underground and street closures aboveground. Follow-up surveys provide insights into the causal mechanism driving this result. A plausible explanation is mobile immersion: As increased crowding invades one’s physical space, people adaptively turn inwards and become more susceptible to mobile ads. Because crowding is often associated with negative emotions such as anxiety and risk-avoidance, the findings reveal an intriguing, positive aspect of crowding: Mobile ads can be a welcome relief in a crowded subway environment. The findings have economic significance because people living in cities commute 48 minutes each way on average, and global mobile ad spending is projected to exceed $100 billion. Marketers may consider the crowdedness of a consumer’s environment as a new way to boost the effectiveness of hyper-contextual mobile advertising.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0905 .
Supporting Students in Choosing a Field of Further Education as an Element of Pedagogical and Psychological Activities in Secondary Education in Poland
Authors: Dacko-Pikiewicz Zdzisława
Published: April 2015

For an adolescent, as well as for the environment and society, a decision to choose the correct field of education is vitally important. Nowadays, new choices of education, training and retraining have to be made as a result of the fast pace of life, constant changes in the labour market, the progress of knowledge and technology, cultural and social change. Therefore, it is necessary to ask a question how to prepare young people for the future. There is a need for people that think and act creatively, and are able to adapt to the continuous and unexpected changes.

The paper aims to present the tasks, objectives, rules and methods of career counselling as a system of multi-stage pedagogical and psychological activities that accompany an individual during his/her career and that help him/her to make education-related choices. Moreover, the paper presents the main tasks and role of a career counsellor, as well as examples of good practice in the area of career counselling in Poland.
Support of Self-Criticism and Creative Thinking Based on the Use of ICT as an Alternative to Classical Education
Authors: Sláviková Gabriela , Tej Juraj
Published: April 2015

The present period is characterized by a rapid development of ICT. The possibilities of using internet represent newer ways of communicating with many people, regardless of the distance. The development and the use of new technologies open up many possibilities for communication and education. The capability of using ICT, to teach pre-recorded principles, and to develop key competences of students has become one of the very important tasks of contemporary schools, both on the teachers’ and student’s side. One alternative is online courses
Evaluation of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in children with well-controlled congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Qiu Ya-Li , Zhu Hong , Ma Shao-Gang , Liu Hong , Li Qing , Ji Chun-Mei
Published: April 2015

To investigate well-controlled congenital hypothyroidism on the markers associated with early kidney injury and oxidative DNA damage.

Twenty-three children with euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism aged 3–6 years and 19 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled. Serum levels of albumin, C-reactive protein, cysteine C, globulin, pre-albumin, and total protein were detected. Urine levels of albumin, fibrin degradation products, IgG, β

Serum levels of C-reactive protein were higher, but pre-albumin was lower in patients with congenital hyperthyroidism compared with the controls (all p<0.001). Urinary levels of IgG were higher in patients with congenital hyperthyroidism than in the controls (p=0.011). However, urinary levels of albumin excretion and 8-OHdG were similar to those in the controls. Serum pre-albumin levels were negatively correlated with urinary 8-OHdG levels (r=−0.479, p=0.016) in patients with congenital hypothyroidism.

It is concluded that inflammatory and oxidative markers were slightly altered in well-controlled congenital hypothyroidism. The levels of urinary 8-OHdG and albumin excretion were not significantly different.
Franz von Papen an Adolf Hitler
Authors: Postert André , Orth Rainer
Published: April 2015

Vorspann

Franz von Papens Bild in der Geschichte ist nicht zu retten. Auch die hier präsentierten, bisher nur in Auszügen bekannten Briefe an Hitler vom Sommer 1934 werden an diesem Befund nichts ändern. Historisch uninteressant sind sie dennoch nicht, wie André Postert und Rainer Orth zeigen. In ihnen spiegeln sich die letzten Rückzugsgefechte und Hoffnungen des jungkonservativen Lagers, die taktische Schläue Hitlers und - erneut - die Naivität von Papens, die allerdings nicht umstandslos mit Feigheit und Unterwürfigkeit gleichgesetzt werden kann. Ganz einfach war seine Lage nach der „Marburger Rede“ vom 17. Juni und nach dem „Röhm-Putsch“ ja nicht.
Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer
Authors: Hill Steven M , Belancio Victoria P , Dauchy Robert T , Xiang Shulin , Brimer Samantha , Mao Lulu , Hauch Adam , Lundberg Peter W , Summers Whitney , Yuan Lin , Frasch Tripp , Blask David E
Published: April 2015

The present review discusses recent work on melatonin-mediated circadian regulation, the metabolic and molecular signaling mechanisms that are involved in human breast cancer growth, and the associated consequences of circadian disruption by exposure to light at night (LEN). The anti-cancer actions of the circadian melatonin signal in human breast cancer cell lines and xenografts heavily involve MT1receptor-mediated mechanisms. In estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive human breast cancer, melatonin suppresses ERα mRNA expression and ERα transcriptional activity via the MT1receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of core clock and clock-related genes. Furthermore, melatonin also suppresses tumor aerobic metabolism (the Warburg effect) and, subsequently, cell-signaling pathways critical to cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Melatonin demonstrates both cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells that appears to be cell type-specific. Melatonin also possesses anti-invasive/anti-metastatic actions that involve multiple pathways, including inhibition of p38 MAPK and repression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies have demonstrated that melatonin promotes genomic stability by inhibiting the expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons. Finally, research in animal and human models has indicated that LEN-induced disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer and drives breast tumors to endocrine and chemotherapeutic resistance. These data provide the strongest understanding and support of the mechanisms that underpin the epidemiologic demonstration of elevated breast cancer risk in night-shift workers and other individuals who are increasingly exposed to LEN.
EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT RESIDUE ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AN OXISOL UNDER SIMULATED RAIN
Authors: Panachuki Elói , Bertol Ildegardis , Alves Sobrinho Teodorico , Oliveira Paulo Tarso Sanches de , Rodrigues Dulce Buchala Bicca
Published: April 2015

Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha-1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h-1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.
A internacionalização da marca aliança: ações graduais no mercado externo
Authors: Moura Graziela Breitenbauch de , Alberton Anete , Marinho Sidnei Vieira , Platcheck Renata Granemann Bertoldi
Published: April 2015

Este caso para ensino descreve a trajetória da internacionalização da marca Aliança, uma marca de suco de uva integral e orgânico da Cooperativa Nova Aliança, localizada em Caxias do Sul (RS). O caso se desenvolve a partir do interesse da técnica da cooperativa Márcia e do cooperado Márcio em marcar uma reunião com o presidente da cooperativa para discutir a ampliação para novos mercados. É importante para a cooperativa a sua inserção no mercado internacional. O caso apresenta o processo da primeira exportação e traz uma discussão sobre decisões importantes que ocorreram na negociação internacional, para a inserção da marca no mercado líbio entre o importador Mr. Harmed, a coordenadora da cooperativa, Sra. Ana e o consultor da empresa júnior Lorran. O caso atende os seguintes objetivos de ensino: compreender como se dá o processo de internacionalização da marca na linha de sucos de uva da cooperativa, verificar os principais desafios encontrados para a consolidação do preço de exportação, identificar as principais exigências documentais e verificar a(s) estratégia(s) de internacionalização para a ampliação da marca no mercado internacional. O caso pode ser aplicado nas disciplinas de negociações internacionais, marketing internacional, estratégia de inserção internacional, logística, câmbio e sistemática de comércio exterior.
Characteristics of motorcyclists involved in accidents between motorcycles and automobiles
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Lima de , Petroianu Andy , Gonçalves Dafne Maria Villar , Pereira Gisele Araújo , Alberti Luiz Ronaldo
Published: April 2015

Introduction: traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability, with motorcyclists representing the great majority of both the victims and the perpetrators. Objective: this work studied the characteristics of motorcyclists injured in accidents involving motorcycles and automobiles. Method: this study sought to interview 100 motorcyclists who had been injured in collisions between motorcycles and automobiles, and who were undergoing emergency hospital treatment in the region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The questionnaires included demographic information (age, gender, skin color, education level, profession) and questions about years of licensed driving practice, how often they would drive an automobile, how long they had had a motorcycle driver’s license, how often they would ride a motorcycle, the number of prior accidents involving a car, and the number of prior accidents not involving a car. Results: of the 100 consecutive accidents studied, 91 occurred with men and 9 with women, aged between 16 and 79 (m = 29 ± 11) years. Regarding their reason for using a motorcycle, 83% reported using it for transport, 7% for work, and 10% for leisure. Most of these accident victims had secondary or higher education (47%). Of the motorcyclists who held a car driver’s license, 68.3% drove the vehicle daily or weekly and held the license for more than one year. Sixty-seven percent of the accident victims used a motorcycle daily and had a motorcycle driver’s license for at least one year. Conclusion: among the motorcyclists injured, most were men aged 20 years or older, with complete secondary education, and experienced in driving both motorcycles and cars, indicating that recklessness while driving the motorcycle is the main cause of traffic accidents.
Relationship between adiponectin, obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Balsan Guilherme Ardenghi , Vieira José Luiz da Costa , Oliveira Aline Marcadenti de , Portal Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2015

Objectives: the conditions of obesity and overweight pose a major risk for a number of comorbidities, including clinical syndromes resulting from atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies strongly indicate that adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes bioactive factors such as adipokines. Adiponectin appears to have a regulatory role in the mechanism of insulin resistance and in the development of atherosclerosis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the anti-atherogenic effects of adiponectin and its properties to improve and mimic metabolic and vascular actions of insulin and its influence on endothelial function. Methods: a qualitative, exploratory and literature review was performed in the PubMed, Portal Capes and Scielo databases using as key-words "adiponectin", "obesity", "insulin resistance", "anti-inflammatory", "therapeutic strategies" and "future prospects". Results: evidence suggests that adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties with anti-inflammatory effects on the vascular wall. Moreover, it modifies the vascular intracellular signaling and has indirect antioxidant effects on the human myocardium. On the other hand, there are studies suggesting that increased levels of adiponectin are paradoxically associated with a worse prognosis in heart failure syndrome, although the mechanisms are not clear. Conclusion: it is not clear whether adiponectin levels have any clinical significance for risk stratification in cardiovascular disease or if they simply reflect the activation of complex underlying mechanisms. Changes in lifestyle and some drug treatments for hypertension and coronary heart disease have shown significant effect to increase adiponectin levels, and simultaneously decrease in insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction.
Atualidade de Vigotski
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth
Published: April 2015

No presente texto, discute-se a atualidade da teoria histórico-cultural elaborada por Lev Semionovitch Vigotski entre, aproximadamente, o final da segunda década e a terceira década dos anos de 1900. Adota-se atitude crítica em relação à ideia de que o conhecimento científico tem prazo de validade, procurando-se mostrar que ela decorre do processo de transformação da ciência em mercadoria. Como um contraponto a essa visão, argumenta-se que todo artifício construído pelo homem apresenta algo de permanente, quando transcende a mera funcionalidade das coisas produzidas para consumo. Ou, dizendo em outros termos, tudo o que é singular, de certa forma, tem permanência no mundo.
A atitude do educador de infância e a participação da criança como referenciais de qualidade em educação
Authors: LUÍS JOANA DE FREITAS , ANDRADE SOFIA , SANTOS PAULA COELHO
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo, fundamentado em dois estudos de caso em jardim de infância, refletiu-se sobre como e com quais ferramentas de apoio se pode avaliar e promover qualidade e intervenção educativa adequada nos contextos. Selecionou-se um grupo de crianças (entre 3 e 6 anos) e desenvolveram-se estratégias com a finalidade de escutar e compreender o modo como elas participam. Ainda, em diversos tempos da rotina de cada contexto, identificaram-se interações e atitudes do educador, analisando-se o respetivo impacto no nível da participação das crianças. Os resultados revelaram que, quando as crianças desenvolvem um sentimento de pertença ao contexto e lhes são oferecidas oportunidades de participação, mais facilmente se envolvem, revelam bem-estar emocional e motivação para aprender, explorar e participar nos processos de tomada de decisão. A escuta ativa, o questionamento e o encorajamento do diálogo assumem-se, por parte do adulto, competências essenciais para a qualidade da intervenção educativa.
Cognitive impairment in COPD: a systematic review
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Irene , Rodríguez-Alzueta Elisabeth , Cabrera-Martos Irene , López-Torres Isabel , Moreno-Ramírez Maria Paz , Valenza Marie Carmen
Published: April 2015

The objectives of this study were to characterize and clarify the relationships between the various cognitive domains affected in COPD patients and the disease itself, as well as to determine the prevalence of impairment in the various cognitive domains in such patients. To that end, we performed a systematic review using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. We included articles that provided information on cognitive impairment in COPD patients. The review of the findings of the articles showed a significant relationship between COPD and cognitive impairment. The most widely studied cognitive domains are memory and attention. Verbal memory and learning constitute the second most commonly impaired cognitive domain in patients with COPD. The prevalence of impairment in visuospatial memory and intermediate visual memory is 26.9% and 19.2%, respectively. We found that cognitive impairment is associated with the profile of COPD severity and its comorbidities. The articles reviewed demonstrated that there is considerable impairment of the cognitive domains memory and attention in patients with COPD. Future studies should address impairments in different cognitive domains according to the disease stage in patients with COPD.
Hypertension and its correlation with renal lesions in dogs with leishmaniosis
Authors: Braga Eveline Tozzi , Leite João Henrique Artero de Carvalho , Rosa Fernando Azadinho , Tivelli Patrícia , Araújo Amanda Mariano , Almeida Breno Fernando Martins de , Ferrari Heitor Flávio , Ciarlini Paulo César , Machado Gisele Fabrino , Marcondes Mary
Published: April 2015

To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its correlation with the severity of renal injury and proteinuria in dogs with leishmaniosis, sixty-six dogs were divided into two groups. Group 1 (G1) was composed of 54 dogs included in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and group 2 (G2) of twelve dogs in stages 2 and 3 of CKD. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.8%, comprising 22.2% of the dogs from G1 and 58.3% from G2 (P=0.011). The mean arterial blood pressure (BP) of dogs from G1 (135.7 ± 20.5) was lower than from G2 (170.0 ± 26.3) (P <0.001). Urine protein-creatinine ratio (UP/C) revealed values above 0.5 in 75.7% of the dogs, with 34% presenting hypertension. All dogs with hypertension had histopathological and laboratory evidence of glomerular disease. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between elevated BP and the severity of glomerular lesions (P=0.408), there was a statistically significant correlation between elevated BP and increased UP/C in the studied population (P=0.002). Thus, dogs with leishmaniosis and renal disease must be screened for the presence of hypertension so that treatment may be instituted as early as possible, in countries where treatment is allowed, to prevent the progression of renal damage.
A serological and molecular survey of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Costa Andréa Pereira da , Costa Francisco Borges , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Silveira Iara , Moraes-Filho Jonas , Soares João Fábio , Spolidorio Mariana Granziera , Guerra Rita de Maria Seabra Nogueira de Candanedo
Published: April 2015

This study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, using molecular and serological methods. Overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to B. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. For E. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 to 163,840. Antibodies reactive to at least one of the five species of Rickettsia were detected in 18.9% of the dogs (61/322), with endpoint titers ranging from 64 to 4,096. High endpoint titers were observed for Rickettsia amblyommii. Three (0.9%) and nine (2.8%) canine blood samples were PCR-positive for Babesia spp. and E. canis. The ticks collected from urban dogs were all Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, whereas the rural dogs were infested by R. sanguineus s.l, Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale. One A. ovale tick was found to be infected by Rickettsia bellii. This study provides an epidemiological background for controlling and preventing canine tick-borne diseases in a neglected region of Brazil.
ON PECULARITIES OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND AIR POLLUTION LEVEL, BUILDING ENTERPRISES CONSIDERED TO BE THE SOURCE OF EMISSION
Authors: POSPELOVA Natalia Emirovna , TIMIRBULATOVA Elmira Khamzyanovna
Published: April 2015

The paper describes production processes of reinforced concrete structures, bricks and bitumen-concrete mixtures. The authors stress the fact that during their experiment dust-and-gas catch systems have been installed for all production processes which allocate dust. They also examine sources of contaminants emission and their dependence on diff erent production processes. The authors succeed in using the most eff ective dust-and-gas catch systems.
INSULATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS FACADES DURING MAJOR REPAIRS (APPLICABLE FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SAMARA REGION)
Authors: VITCHIKOV Yuri Serafimovich , BELIAKOV Igor Gennad'evich , NOKHRINA Elena Nikolaevna
Published: April 2015

This paper aims to provide analysis of normative requirements concerning thermal protection and energy effi ciency of those residential buildings in Samara region which are under construction or undergo major repairs. The research proves heat rate that used for heating residential buildings depends on the value of reduced resistance to heattransferring ability of the outer walls. Proper analysis of the value in question helps defi ne the optimal level of facades thermal protection. The authors present calculations and results of their experimental research of heat losses caused by building envelopes of fi ve-fl oor brick and bearing-wall constructions. The paper also describes diff erent methods of insulation of residential buildings facades and recommends how these methods should be used during major repairs.
XXI CENTURY. FEATURES OF FORMATION OF SPACE BORDERS IN ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Authors: RADULOVA Yana Igorevna
Published: April 2015

The concept of spatial boundaries is presented as the joints of the two states of the space. The interaction of inside and outside space in contemporary architecture is presented. The features of the boundaries between inside and outside spaces and their possible applications in the architectural objects are considered. Interaction of inside and outside space in architecture can be traced in the works of Toyo Ito, Sou Fujimoto, Kotaro Ide, Jurgen Mayer, Shuhei Endo, Emilio Ambaz, Michael Sorkin, Massimiliano Fuksas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid. In contemporary architecture the problems of symbiosis of the inside and outside space are successfully solved by such world-renowned architectural companies as Tezuka, SeARC, RSie(n), Formwerkz, Sansiri, FOA, SHoP, UN Studio, NOX.
EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITY ОF WIND POWER IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY WITH USE OF FOREIGN WIND-MILL ELECTRIC GENERATING UNITS
Authors: IVANOV Vladimir M. , IVANOVA Tatyana Yu. , BAKHTINA Irina A. , TRUTNEV Pavel Sergeevich
Published: April 2015

On the basis of the analysis of problems and existing methods the method of calculation of productivity of the wind generator depending on the speed of a wind, diameter of a rotor, reducer effi ciency (the transfer device), generator, density of air, aerodynamic characteristics of blades is developed. On the example of on of the possible projects of use of the Enron Wind 600a wind generator of the German fi rm Tacke Windenergie GmbH in the territory of the Altai territory calculation for the developed technique is made.
NEW TYPOLOGICAL TASKS OF ORTHODOX TEMPLE - COMPLEX INSIDE MODERN SETTLEMENT’S STRUCTURE
Authors: MALAKHOV Sergey A. , BALABANOVA Elena A.
Published: April 2015

This article deals with a concept of one of the possible variants of opposing of destructive processes that lead to degradation and disappearance of Russian small settlements and towns, ruining areas identity basics, loss of places distinctive characteristics, living standards gap, loss of spirital alternative to the market. As an object - catalyst of positive changes and Russian areas regeneration, it is suggested to use the temple complex typology, with altered contents and purpose - a sort of Science Town, that will follow the best traditions of Russian monasteries of past times, but will base on modern tasks and tendencies of social development and well-being of provincial Russian settlements.
EVALUATION OF STRAINS OF RUN-OF-RIVER UNIT EARTH DAM
Authors: BAL’ZANNIKOV Mikhail I.
Published: April 2015

The earth dam of run-of-river unit - Kuybishevskaya hydro-electric power station on Volga - is viewed. The main characteristics of earth dam, particularities of its construction and exploitation are presented. The factors that have changed initial design specifications of its exploitation are highlighted. Evaluation of geometrics of earth dam in different exploitation periods and potential causes of their tolerance are analyzed. Measures for exploitation reliability growth are proposed.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: GOVERDOVSKAYA Ludmila G.
Published: April 2015

The main environmental problems in highway construction that directly or indirectly influence on the environment are viewed. The major impacts on the geological environment are associated with realization of construction works, with use of construction equipment as well as with waste formation in construction organizations activities. Information on technical standards for the environment protection during highway construction is provided.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA IN FORMING SPATIAL BORDER ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
Authors: RADULOVA Yana I.
Published: April 2015

The concept of international environmental standards is presented. Environmental criteria in architecture and urban planning are viewed. Identify environmental problems in the formation of spatial boundaries of architecture and urban planning. In design practice the examples of new environmental approaches including energy saving, air cleansing, reducing hazardous waste in manufacturing and construction and increasing the environment visual comfort are such systems of international environmental standards as american LEED, english BREEAM and german DGNB.
The promise and peril of intensive‐site‐based ecological research: insights from the Hubbard Brook ecosystem study
Authors: Fahey Timothy J. , Templer Pamela H. , Anderson Bruce T. , Battles John J. , Campbell John L. , Driscoll Charles T. , Fusco Anthony R. , Green Mark B. , Kassam Karim-Aly S. , Rodenhouse Nicholas L. , Rustad Lindsey , Schaberg Paul G. , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A.
Published: April 2015

Ecological research is increasingly concentrated at particular locations or sites. This trend reflects a variety of advantages of intensive, site‐based research, but also raises important questions about the nature of such spatially delimited research: how well does site based research represent broader areas, and does it constrain scientific discovery? We provide an overview of these issues with a particular focus on one prominent intensive research site: the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, USA. Among the key features of intensive sites are: long‐term, archived data sets that provide a context for new discoveries and the elucidation of ecological mechanisms; the capacity to constrain inputs and parameters, and to validate models of complex ecological processes; and the intellectual cross‐fertilization among disciplines in ecological and environmental sciences. The feasibility of scaling up ecological observations from intensive sites depends upon both the phenomenon of interest and the characteristics of the site. An evaluation of deviation metrics for the HBEF illustrates that, in some respects, including sensitivity and recovery of streams and trees from acid deposition, this site is representative of the Northern Forest region, of which HBEF is a part. However, the mountainous terrain and lack of significant agricultural legacy make the HBEF among the least disturbed sites in the Northern Forest region. Its relatively cool, wet climate contributes to high stream flow compared to other sites. These similarities and differences between the HBEF and the region can profoundly influence ecological patterns and processes and potentially limit the generality of observations at this and other intensive sites. Indeed, the difficulty of scaling up may be greatest for ecological phenomena that are sensitive to historical disturbance and that exhibit the greatest spatiotemporal variation, such as denitrification in soils and the dynamics of bird communities. Our research shows that end member sites for some processes often provide important insights into the behavior of inherently heterogeneous ecological processes. In the current era of rapid environmental and biological change, key ecological responses at intensive sites will reflect both specific local drivers and regional trends.
Environmental conditions during early life accelerate the rate of senescence in a short‐lived passerine bird
Authors: Balbontín J. , Møller A. P.
Published: April 2015

Environmental conditions experienced in early life may shape subsequent phenotypic traits including life history. We investigated how predation risk caused by domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and local breeding density affected patterns of reproductive and survival senescence in Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) breeding semicolonially in Denmark. We recorded the abundance of cats and the number of breeding pairs at 39 breeding sites during 24 years and related these to age‐specific survival rate and reproductive senescence to test predictions of the life history theory of senescence. We found evidence for actuarial senescence for the first time in this species. Survival rate increased until reaching a plateau in midlife and then decreased later. We also found that survival rate was higher for males than females. Local breeding density or predation risk did not affect survival as predicted by theory. Barn Swallows with short lives did not invest more in reproduction in early life, inconsistent with expectations for trade‐offs between reproduction and survival as theory suggests. However, we found that the rate of reproductive decline during senescence was steeper for individuals exposed to intense competition, and predation pressure accelerated the rate of reproductive senescence, but only in sites with many breeding pairs. These latter results are in accordance with one of the predictions suggested by the life history theory of aging. These results emphasize the importance of considering intraspecific competition and interspecific interactions such as predation when analyzing reproductive and actuarial senescence.
Biomarkers of Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Racial/Ethnic Groups at High Risk for Lung Cancer
Authors: Fagan Pebbles , Moolchan Eric T. , Pokhrel Pallav , Herzog Thaddeus , Cassel Kevin D. , Pagano Ian , Franke Adrian A. , Kaholokula Joseph Keawe’aimoku , Sy Angela , Alexander Linda A. , Trinidad Dennis R. , Sakuma Kari-Lyn , Johnson C. Anderson , Antonio Alyssa , Jorgensen Dorothy , Lynch Tania , Kawamoto Crissy , Clanton Mark S. ,   the Addictive Carcinogens Workgroup
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, and Whites, groups that have different lung cancer risk.

Methods. We collected survey data and height, weight, saliva, and carbon monoxide (CO) levels from a sample of daily smokers aged 18–35 (n = 179). Mean measures of nicotine, cotinine, cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, trans 3′ hydroxycotinine, the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), and expired CO were compared among racial/ethnic groups.

Results. The geometric means for cotinine, the cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, and CO did not significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in the adjusted models. After adjusting for gender, body mass index, menthol smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and number of cigarettes smoked per day, the NMR was significantly higher among Whites than among Native Hawaiians and Filipinos (NMR = 0.33, 0.20, 0.19, P ≤ .001). The NMR increased with increasing White parental ancestry. The NMR was not significantly correlated with social–environmental stressors.

Conclusions. Racial/ethnic groups with higher rates of lung cancer had slower nicotine metabolism than Whites. The complex relationship between lung cancer risk and nicotine metabolism among racial/ethnic groups needs further clarification.
Analysis of Geometric Parameters Influence on Anchor Isofix Capability / Analiza Wpływu Parametrów Geometrycznych Zaczepu Isofix Na Zdatność Tego Typu Mocowań
Authors: Rola Edyta , Kowalik Michał
Published: April 2015

A phenomenon that causes damage to the anchor is exceeding the ultimate strength limit, that may occur as a result of the collision. The subject of this paper is shape of an ensuring an adequate level of reliability. In order to determine loads acting on restraint system, the simulation in MADYMO environment has been made. There has been given characteristics of acceleration impulse in time representing process of real head-on collision. To the preparation of geometry, strength calculation and results visualization, there was used an environment of HyperWorks and ANSYS. The anchor dimensions were optimized using response surface method. The calculation performed with finite elements method (FEM) allowed for shape improvement of initial model. Optimization resulted in increasing of safety factor for 60%.
Safety Case as a Necessary Aspect of the Aviation Implementation of the Gnss / Safety Case Jako Niezbędny Aspekt Lotniczej Implementacji Systemu Gnss
Authors: Fellner Andrzej , Fellner Radosław , Jafernik Henryk
Published: April 2015

The article describes analysis of the risk for the implementation of precise approach procedures (Localizer Performance and Vertical Guidance - LPV) with GNSS sensor at airports in Warsaw and Katowice. There were used some techniques of the identification of threats (including controlled flight into terrain, landing accident, mid-air collision, missed approach, safe landing) and evaluations methods based on: Event Tree Analysis, probability of the risk, safety risk evaluation matrix and Functional Hazard Assesment. Also safety goals were determined. Research led to determine probabilities of appearing of threats, as well as allow compare them with regard to the ILS. As a result of conducting the Preliminary System Safety Assessment (PSSA), there were defined requirements essential to reach the required level of the safety. Research led to determine probabilities of appearing of threats and safety goals, as well as compare them with regard to the ILS requirements