bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stancetaking in the U.S. Supreme Court’s abortion jurisprudence (1973-present): epistemic (im)probability and evidential (dis)belief
Authors: McKeown Jamie
Published: December 2022

This article investigates stancetaking by judicial opinion writers in the U.S. Supreme Court’s abortion jurisprudence. It examines the performative use of two kinds of stance evaluations, i.e., epistemic (im)probability and evidential (dis)belief. Using several sub-corpora, it contrasts the previously mentioned stance evaluations in majority opinions (168,329 words) and dissent opinions (105,517 words), thus contributing to a further understanding of the common law phenomenon of separate opinion writing. In light of the court’s decision to overrule this area of law and return it to the state level, this article also contrasts the use of performative stance evaluations in relation to two key jurisprudential issues: viability and state interests. The results show that dissent writers used a significantly greater number of stance evaluation markers. Although confidence levels varied across the different results, dissent writers also used significantly greater amounts of high certainty/strength markers when responding to majority opinions. This represented a kind of discursive escalation in which dissent writers diverged from majority opinions and expressed stronger counterstances. The article closes with a discussion of the major implications for the current law and directions for discourse research in a post-Roe legal landscape.
Thermal explosion synthesis of Cr2AlB2 materials
Authors: Zhao He , Yin Xu , Wang Yanhong
Published: December 2022

Ternary conductive ceramic Cr2AlB2 phase has been widely studied because of its unique physical and chemical properties. However, the preparation of conventional synthetic Cr2AlB2 requires expensive raw materials or higher equipment cost, which is not conducive to its synthesis and promotion. Hence, we synthesized high-content Cr2AlB2 by thermal explosion reaction, a technology with low-energy consumption. Cr2AlB2 was synthesized by thermal explosion reaction from Cr/Al/B mixed powders. The effects of different ignition materials and diamond additive on Cr2AlB2 synthesis were studied systematically. Results showed that the Cr/Al/B system did not undergo a thermal explosion reaction. An aluminothermic reaction between Al and Cr2O3 occurred by introducing a small amount of Cr2O3. The main phase of the thermal explosion products of the Cr/Al/B/Cr2O3 green body was CrB. The addition of an appropriate amount (7.5 % and 10 %) of diamond in the raw material can obviously promote Cr2AlB2 synthesis. The main phases of the product were Cr2AlB2 and CrB. The samples were composed of a large number of fine Cr2AlB2 lath grains. Finally, the mechanism of Cr2AlB2 formation by thermal explosion reaction was proposed.
Signal strength in FSO communication channels based on directly measured modulated laser with dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) measured
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Jahan Kausar , Babu Gade Harish , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Essam Ahmed
Published: December 2022

The work clarified directly measured modulated laser with dual drive measured Mach–Zehnder modulators for signal strength in free space optics (FSO) channel. Peak power after free space communication channel at various propagation distances is measured in the optical time domain. As well as the signal level amplitude quality and data error rates after light detector at various propagation distances are also measured in the time bit period. The directly measured modulated laser with dual drive measured Mach–Zehnder modulators for signal strength in FSO communication channels is stimulated with optisystem program version 13. Peak signal power after free space communication channel at various propagation distances is measured in the optical time domain. The optimum peak signal power is achieved at 10 km distance with a value of 4.328 W. The signal level amplitude quality and data error rates after light detector at various propagation distances are also measured in the time bit period. The optimum Q level and BER level are clarified at 10 km distance with the values of 23.1164 for signal quality and 1.439 × 10−118 for minimum data error rates.
Optical fiber signal strength based on Raman optical amplifiers schemes in dense wavelength multiplexed communication systems
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Jahan Kausar , Babu Gade Harish , Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sharma Jyotsna , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Dakua Pratap Kumar , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2022

This study has clarified the optical fiber signal strength based on Raman fiber optic amplifiers schemes in dense wavelength multiplexed communication systems. The signal power with, without Amplification in various pumping configurations scheme is studied with propagation distance variations. The bidirectional pumping power configuration based various pump power is analyzed with propagation distance variations. Amplified forward signal power for various fiber types is investigated with propagation distance variations. These fibers are used such as single mode (SM)-28 fiber, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF), truewave reach fiber for the efficient employment in fiber systems. Amplified bidirectional signal power for various both pump power and fiber types are clarified with propagation distance variations. The pumping power configurations scheme variations are demonstrated with propagation distance variations. Forward/backward pumping power configuration direction variations are investigated and clarified with propagation distance variations for various pumping power values.
Unpublished Black-topped Pottery from the Eton-Myers Collection (ECM 844, ECM 1210, ECM 1211, ECM 1225, and ECM 1226)
Authors: Khalifa Eman
Published: December 2022

Representing the choices of Egyptologists like Brugsch and Newberry in addition to Major Myers, the Eton-Myers collection is stunningly sophisticated for the time of its assembling. It includes 14 pots and sherds of black-topped ware, a hallmark of the early Predynastic Period in Egypt. Despite their attractive shapes and decorative effects, the pots of this type belonging to the collection remain unstudied. Like most black-topped pots in museum collections today, they lack provenience or any other information about their precise dating. Therefore, this paper studied five black-topped vessels from the Eton-Myers collection by analyzing their attributes. The paper identified their forms and dating based on Petrie and later revisions by Kaiser and Hendrickx. The vessels that have the numbers ECM 844, 1226, 1211, 1210, and 1225 were dated to Naqada Ib, NIb, NIc-IIa, NIIb-c, NIIb-d1 respectively. Since the main aim of attribute analysis is to reconstruct the cultural context in which pottery was made, this study described the conditions of the periods the pots were dated to. Additionally, this study was able to show the conditions of the periods that were reflected in the features of the black-topped pots part of the Eton-Myers collection. For instance, a general tendency towards replacing open forms with restricted shapes could be explained by the rise of trade. Hence, pottery attributes can be used to date and reconstruct the general context of unprovenienced black-topped pottery from the Eton-Myers collection. A pot’s function, on the other hand, may be confirmed by its form and residue-analysis. This paper calls for the application of the latter archaeometrical approach, which represents the most recent phase of the development of pottery studies, to further enhance our understanding of the contents traded in black-topped pottery between Egypt and its neighbors towards the end of its prehistory.
Unerhörtes Glück. Verschollene und wiederentdeckte Funde aus den Fürstengräbern von Lübsow (Lubieszewo, pow. Gryfice, woj. zachodniopomorskie, PL)
Authors: Rogalski Bartłomiej , Schuster Jan
Published: December 2022

Zwischen 1942 und 1944 wurden die wertvollsten Teile der Sammlung des Pommerschen Landesmuseums Stettin aus Furcht vor Bombardements und dem Verlust von Kulturgütern in ausgewählte Auslagerungsorte evakuiert und in die Obhut von vertrauenswürdigen Personen, hauptsächlich Vertretern bekannter pommerscher Grundbesitzer, belassen. Einer dieser Auslagerungsorte war das Gut Moltow (heute Mołtowo). Die nach Moltow evakuierten Funde waren zwischen den späten 1940er und frühen 1970er Jahren unter unbekannten Umständen aus dem Gutshaus entfernt worden. Sie beweisen, dass diese nach Kriegsende zumindest für einige Jahre an dem Ort, an dem sie vor 1945 deponiert wurden, in gutem Zustand erhalten geblieben und in den folgenden Jahren verstreut und teilweise zerstört sein dürften. Im Jahr 2016 wurden in Moltowo im Bereich einer als Müllhalde genutzten Sandgrube zufällig Funde entdeckt, die Inventarnummern des Pommerschen Landesmuseums tragen. Sie wurden von Mitarbeitern des Muzeum Narodowe Szczecin und des Polnischen Waffenmuseums in Kołobrzeg fachgerecht geborgen. Zu diesen zählen auch Funde aus drei älterkaiserzeitlichen Fürstengräbern von Lübsow (Lubieszewo). Sie werden hier vorgestellt und beschrieben und bilden eine Ergänzung zur 2010 vorgelegten Monografie zu den Gräbern von Lübsow.
Effect of tungsten on radiation attenuation features of yWO3–(90 − y)TeO2–10Na2O glasses
Authors: Abualsayed Mohammad Ibrahim , Almousa Nouf
Published: December 2022

In this investigation, the photons shielding factors for tungsten tellurite glasses with the yWO3–(90 − y)TeO2–10Na2O (y = 05, 10, 15 and 20 mol%), were reported. The penetration and attenuation factors for this system at various energies were reported using the Phy-X/PSD program. With increasing energy, it is observed that the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values, which range from 1.087–0.234 cm−1 (for TWN1) to 1.354–0.248 cm−1 (for TWN4), decrease exponentially. The LAC values were found to increase with the addition of WO3 from 1.087 to 1.354 cm−1 at 0.245 MeV and from 0.515 to 0.586 cm−1 at 0.444 MeV. Additionally, the greater potential for photon interactions at higher WO3 concentrations was indicated by the findings of the effective atomic number (Z
eff) calculation. According to the obtained results, the maximal Z
eff occurred at 0.284 MeV, which is equivalent to 32.53 for TWN1 and 36.89 for TWN4. The half value layer (HVL) for the samples under consideration between 0.245 and 1.458 MeV has been determined using the Phy-X/PSD. The HVL results demonstrated that at 0.284 MeV, more gamma rays are shielded whereas the potential of photon shielding decreases as energy increases. The tenth value layer (TVL) increased with rising energy and decreased with rising WO3 concentrations. TVL for TWN4 is the lowest (1.701 cm at 0.245 MeV and 9.284 cm at 1.458 MeV).
The application of conventional or magnetic materials to support immobilization of amylolytic enzymes for batch and continuous operation of starch hydrolysis processes
Authors: Hermida Lilis , Agustian Joni
Published: December 2022

In the production of ethanol, starches are converted into reducing sugars by liquefaction and saccharification processes, which mainly use soluble amylases. These processes are considered wasteful operations as operations to recover the enzymes are not practical economically so immobilizations of amylases to perform both processes appear to be a promising way to obtain more stable and reusable enzymes, to lower costs of enzymatic conversions, and to reduce enzymes degradation/contamination. Although many reviews on enzyme immobilizations are found, they only discuss immobilizations of α-amylase immobilizations on nanoparticles, but other amylases and support types are not well informed or poorly stated. As the knowledge of the developed supports for most amylase immobilizations being used in starch hydrolysis is important, a review describing about their preparations, characteristics, and applications is herewith presented. Based on the results, two major groups were discovered in the last 20 years, which include conventional and magnetic-based supports. Furthermore, several strategies for preparation and immobilization processes, which are more advanced than the previous generation, were also revealed. Although most of the starch hydrolysis processes were conducted in batches, opportunities to develop continuous reactors are offered. However, the continuous operations are difficult to be employed by magnetic-based amylases.
Burnout, Surface Acting, and Suicidal Ideation Among Military Personnel: Results of a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Bryan Annabelle O. , Baker Justin C. , Ammendola Ennio , Szeto Edwin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Chronic life stressors are positively correlated with suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors among military personnel. Surface acting, a strategy that involves hiding or faking one's emotional state to match organizational expectations dictating when and how to express emotions, contributes to burnout and increased emotional distress. Because surface acting involves a form of emotional suppression, frequent use of surface acting may also contribute to suicidal ideation. Methods: One thousand seven-hundred fifty-four military personnel stationed at a U.S. military installation completed a self-report survey repeatedly administered 6 times from January 2020 to December 2021. Survey items assessed suicidal ideation, surface acting, burnout, and depression. Results: Burnout and surface acting were significantly correlated with severity of suicidal ideation. When depression was added as a covariate, surface acting but not burnout remained a statistically significant correlate of suicidal ideation. Discussion: Surface acting, a job-specific form of emotional suppression, may increase suicide risk among military personnel. Creating opportunities for military personnel to appropriately express their emotional states could mitigate suicide risk in this population.
Recruitment of TRIM33 to cell‐context specific PML nuclear bodies regulates nodal signaling in mESCs
Authors: Sun Hongyao , Chen Yutong , Yan Kun , Shao Yanqiu , Zhang Qiangfeng C , Lin Yi , Xi Qiaoran
Published: December 2022

TRIM33 is a chromatin reader required for mammalian mesendoderm differentiation after activation of Nodal signaling, while its role in mESCs is still elusive. Here, we report that TRIM33 co‐localizes with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML‐NBs) specifically in mESCs, to mediate Nodal signaling‐directed transcription of Lefty1/2. We show that TRIM33 puncta formation in mESCs depends on PML and on specific assembly of PML‐NBs. Moreover, TRIM33 and PML co‐regulate Lefty1/2 expression in mESCs, with both PML protein and formation of mESCs‐specific PML‐NBs being required for TRIM33 recruitment to these loci, and PML‐NBs directly associating with the Lefty1/2 loci. Finally, a TurboID proximity‐labeling experiment confirmed that TRIM33 is highly enriched only in mESCs‐specific PML‐NBs. Thus, our study supports a model in which TRIM33 condensates regulate Nodal signaling‐directed transcription in mESCs and shows that PML‐NBs can recruit distinct sets of client proteins in a cell‐context‐dependent manner.
Preparation of carbon-based solid acid from corncob residual and its performance for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Guihua , Wang Qiang , Chen Jiachuan , Dong Jiran , Zhang Xinhan
Published: December 2022

A carbon-based solid acid catalyst (CHACS) derived corncob residual was prepared by incomplete hydrothermal carbonization followed by activation with phosphoric acid impregnation and sulfuric acid sulfonation. The structure of the solid acid catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), specific surface area (SSA), and elemental analysis. The -SO3H, -COOH, and phenolic -OH functional groups were successfully introduced. Phosphoric acid activation facilitated formation of the porous structure in the solid acid catalyst. The specific surface area and acid density were 1569 m2/g and 1.030 mmol/g, respectively. The CHACS exhibited better catalytic activity for hydrolysis conversion of corn stalk in ionic liquid with water as solvent. A total reducing sugars (TRS) yield of 68.3% was obtained in water and a TRS yield of 52.5% was obtained in an ionic liquid of [BMIM][Cl] at 140 °C for 120 min. The CHACS expressed good catalytic activity in each of 4 separate instances of reuse.
A low-cost, formaldehyde-free, and high-performance starch-based wood adhesive
Authors: Jiang Yang , Chen Qifeng , Tan Haiyan , Gu Jiyou , Zhang Yanhua
Published: December 2022

An environmentally friendly starch-based wood adhesive was developed using cassava starch (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). A set amount of polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PAPI, modified in the laboratory) was used as the cross-linking agent to improve the water resistance. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the adhesive, the shear strength was measured by a mechanical testing machine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the properties of the adhesive and the curing products. The results indicated that the adhesive using PVOH with a low alcoholysis degree was better than high alcoholysis degree and adding 7 wt% PVOH1 (RS-1717) could obtain good mechanical properties; the dry shear strength was 7.77 MPa, reaching 1.36 MPa in the wet state. The favorable results were attributed to reactive hydrogens in the wood and CS, which can form a cross-linking network with the -NCO groups of PAPI to obtain excellent shear strength and water resistance.
Enhanced mechanical strength of polyethylene-based lignocellulosic-plastic composites by cellulose fibers
Authors: Tian Guoyu , Zhuang Jingshun , Fu Yingjuan , Wang Zhaojiang , Li Qun
Published: December 2022

Wood flour (WF) of poplar, acid hydrolysis residue (AHR) of corn cob from xylose production, and cellulose fibers (CF) from bleached eucalyptus pulp were compared as functional fillers of lignocellulosic-plastic composites (LPC) in terms of tensile strength and thermal stability. WF showed a negative effect on tensile strength of LPC. AHR-filled LPC at 10% of filling level exhibited an improvement by 8.9%, whereas higher filling level led to a decrease of tensile strength due to poor interfacial compatibility, as revealed by SEM analysis. Remarkably, tensile strength achieved a maximum of 25.8 MPa for CF-filled LPC at 2.5% of filling level, which was an approximately 76.7% improvement compared to the control. Dependence of LPC thermal stability on chemical compositions of fillers was revealed. WF-filled LPC showed a lower onset decomposition temperature compared to the control due to the presence of xylan, while thermal stability of AHR-filled LPC was enhanced due to the presence of cross-linked phenolic polymer lignin.
Response surface optimisation of enzymatically hydrolysed and dilute acid pretreated oil palm trunk bagasse for succinic acid production
Authors: Bukhari Nurul Adela , Md Jahim Jamaliah , Loh Soh Kheang , Bakar Nasrin Abu , Luthfi Abdullah Amru Indera
Published: December 2022

The exploitation of agroindustrial lignocellulose, such as oil palm trunk bagasse (OPTB), as a raw material in the production of succinic acid (SA) may serve as an effective strategy to propel the bio-based industry. This study aimed to optimise the recovery of fermentable sugar, i.e., glucose, from enzymatic hydrolysis of the dilute acid pretreated OPTB (DA-OPTB). The dilute acid pretreatment used in this study was able to remove 59.5% of hemicellulose and 13.3% of lignin. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was then applied to investigate four independent variables – enzyme loading (10 to 50 U/g), agitation speed (50 to 250 rpm), reaction time (0 to 96 h), and surfactant concentration (0.025 to 0.125%, v/v). The experimental glucose concentration of 21.7 g/L was in good agreement with the RSM-predicted value of 20.5 g/L. Among the parameters investigated, supplementation of a surfactant during enzymatic hydrolysis was significant in influencing glucose recovery, while the extent of the agitation speed was the least influential. The maximum recovered glucose was estimated at 217 g per kg of raw OPTB, with 7.3 g/L of SA attainable from the fermented DA-OPTB hydrolysate using Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z. The results demonstrated that OPTB can be practically utilised in the economical production of high value-added SA.
Degradation resistance of alkali-treated eucalyptus fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composites as function of simulated sea water exposure
Authors: Fu Jingjing , He Chunxia , Jiang Caiyun , Chen Yongsheng
Published: December 2022

To enhance the resistance of eucalyptus (EU) reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites to exposure in simulated seawater, the EU fibers were modified by alkali treatment with NaOH to prepare wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), moisture absorption, mechanical properties, and color change tests. After exposure to the sea water, all composites experienced deterioration of water repellency and mechanical properties, and color change. The NaOH concentration greatly influenced the properties of the EU/HDPE composites both before and after exposure. The alkali-treated EU fibers presented low polarities, which resulted in better interfacial bonding, improved mechanical properties, lower moisture absorption, and lower color change relative to the untreated samples after immersion in simulated sea water. The results showed that the HDPE composite prepared with 3% NaOH treated EU fiber had better degradation resistance compared with the untreated composite. The tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased 29.9%, 19.8%, 35.4%, and 39.3%, respectively, in comparison with the untreated composite after 21 d exposure. The improved degradation resistance of the alkali-treated EU/HDPE composites could ensure the expected service life of their products and widen their practical applications.
Effect of partial replacement of kenaf by empty fruit bunch (EFB) on the properties of natural rubber latex foam (NRLF)
Authors: Surya Indra , Kudori Siti Nurul Izzati , Ismail Hanafi
Published: December 2022

Kenaf was replaced by various amounts of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). Five different compositions of kenaf/EFB (7/0, 5/2, 3.5/3.5, 2/5, 0/7 phr) were prepared by using the Dunlop method. The comparison of tensile properties, morphology, foam density, compressive strength, hardness, swelling, compression set, and accelerated aging of natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were studied. The tensile strength, modulus at 100% (M100), foam density, compressive strength, hardness, and compression set decreased with increasing EFB loading. However, the elongation at break and swelling percentage of NRLF increased as the content of EFB decreased. Morphological studies showed that a higher amount of EFB weakened the interaction between EFB and NRLF matrix and increased the formation of cell windows. The EFB-filled NRLF also showed better tensile retention compared to kenaf filled NRLF.
The Republic of Poland in the United Nations Security Council (2018 – 2019) and the Ukrainian Question
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kozyrska Antonina
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the activities of the representatives of the Republic of Poland in the UN Security Council in the status of a non-permanent member in 2018-2019, in particular regarding the resolving of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The method of content analysis of state program documents, Internet portals of the government of the Republic of Poland and the United Nations, and scientific literature was used in the implementation of the goal. The problem-chronological method made it possible to trace the history of the participation of the Republic of Poland in the UN. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the new understanding of the role of Polish diplomacy in the UN Security Council after the occupation of Crimea and the start of Russia's hybrid war in Donbas. The analysis made it possible to formulate the following conclusions. The Republic of Poland – one of the founding states of the UN – tried to be an active member of the organization, including by participating in the work of its main bodies. Poland was elected a non-permanent member of the Security Council six times. The main priorities of Polish diplomacy at the UN Security Council in 2018-2019 included: respect for international law, protection of civilians in armed conflicts, peace and security in Eastern Europe. Much attention was paid to the issue of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which, thanks to the Polish side, did not disappear from the body's agenda and was discussed in various contexts. The Polish delegates consistently reminded about the negative impact of the violation of international law and agreements by the Russian Federation, the situation in the occupied territories of Crimea and Donbas, and in the Black and Azov seas. They tried to present the consequences of the occupation of Crimea and the war in Donbas not only as a problem of regional security, but also as a global challenge to the international legal order. The Polish state made a significant contribution to the formation and strengthening of the international coalition in support of Ukraine in countering the aggression of the Russian Federation. An obstacle to an effective resolution of the Ukrainian issue was primarily the specificity and composition of the UN Security Council, where non-permanent members play only a limited role, and one of the permanent members is an aggressor country. The example of the debate surrounding the resolution of the Ukrainian issue once again proves the deficit of UN deep reform
Daily Life and Political Activity of the Orlik Family in the Context of International Relations in the First Quarter of the 18th Century
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovalevska Olga
Published: December 2022

On the basis of two surviving documents compiled by Pylyp Orlyk ("Promemoria" and "Diariusz podorożny ..."), as well as insignificant literature, the author made an attempt to analyze the daily life and political activities of members of the Hetman's family in the context of international relations of the first quarter of the 18th century. This was the period of the end of the Great Northern War and the preparation of the Treaty of Nystad. The Orlyk’s family was in exile and had been constantly changing the place of residence. The involvement of members of Orlyk’s family, including his eldest daughter Anastasia Theodora and her husband, in Pylyp Orlyk’s political affairs has long been a little-known fact. Based on the mentioned texts, the author of the article proves that Anastasia Orlyk was an active associate and assistant of her father, helping him to correspond with family members and political companions. In the face of constant political persecution by the Moscow authorities, relocations and family tragedies experienced by the Orlyk, the hetman’s wife could not always be useful to him. As a result, Anastasia’s role as one of her father’s political mediators increased significantly. An active assistant to the hetman was his future son-in-law Johan Stenflycht. He tried to help Orlyk get amnesty from the Tsar Peter I of Moscow on favorable terms, but his efforts were unsuccessful. Using the help of his children and relatives, Orlyk sought to maintain the interest of European states in the Ukrainian cause. Thanks to their joint efforts, the Ukrainian government in exile tried for some time to maintain its position in international relations in the 1720s and 1730s. Orlyk’s second daughter, Barbara, who was too young at the end of the Great Northern War, was not involved in her father’s political affairs. At the same time, after the death of her sister, Barbara became Stenflycht’s wife and mother of Anastasia’s children. Orlykʼs grandchildren on Anastasia Theodora’s side survived the early deceased mother, but did not survive their father. Stenflycht had no children in his marriage to Barbara. Thus, both branches of the Orlyk-Gertsik family tree were interrupted. Today in Sweden, you can still find material evidence of the life of Johan Stenflicht, but they are not connected with his Ukrainian wives and heirs of the exiled hetman Pylyp Orlyk
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
Authors: Meek Joan Younger , Noble Lawrence ,   the Section on Breastfeeding
Published: December 2022

Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. The short- and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding make breastfeeding, or the provision of human milk, a public health imperative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for approximately 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the AAP supports continued breastfeeding, along with appropriate complementary foods introduced at about 6 months, as long as mutually desired by mother and child for 2 years or beyond. These recommendations are consistent with those of the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. The AAP recommends that birth hospitals or centers implement maternity care practices shown to improve breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission monitor breastfeeding practices in US hospitals. Pediatricians play a critical role in hospitals, their practices, and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and, thus, need to be trained about the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children and in managing breastfeeding.
Overweight Infants Hospitalized for Bronchiolitis Associated With Severe Disease
Authors: Madion Leann , Bauer Sarah Corey , Pan Amy , Parakininkas Daiva , Karls Catherine , McFadden Vanessa , Liljestrom Tracey
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:

Overweight negatively affects pediatric respiratory function. In this study, we evaluate if overweight is associated with more severe bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study analyzed infants aged 30 to 365 days hospitalized for bronchiolitis from September 2019 to April 2020. Exclusion criteria included known risk factors for severe bronchiolitis, asthma treatment, or bacterial pneumonia. Weight-for-length z-score was categorized per the World Health Organization’s growth assessments as overweight (z-score >2), underweight (z-score <−2), and standard weight (between −2 and ≤2). Primary outcomes included respiratory support, ICU stay, and local bronchiolitis score. Secondary outcomes included supplemental interventions.

RESULTS:

After exclusion criteria, 385 of 644 infants were categorized as overweight (n = 24), standard (n = 335), or underweight (n = 26). There were differences in need for respiratory support (overweight, 100%; standard weight, 81.8%; underweight, 76.9%; P = .03), highest support of high-flow nasal cannula (overweight, 75%; standard weight, 48%; underweight, 42%; P = .03), admission to ICU (overweight, 54.2%; standard weight, 21.5%; underweight, 34.7%; P < .001), and median bronchiolitis score (overweight, 8 [interquartile range 5–10]; standard weight, 4 [3–7]; underweight, 4 [3–7]; P = .01). Findings remained significant after age adjustments. Additionally, overweight experienced higher frequency of certain treatments.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests overweight is associated with more severe bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants supported by increased respiratory support level, bronchiolitis scores, and interventions. Higher need for ICU admission may be related to high-flow nasal cannula limitations on the acute care floor.
Modeling University Faculty Member’s Digital Image
Authors: Timokhina Galina S. , Olga I. Olga I. , Izakova Natalia B.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The discussion of the shaping of a digital image of university faculty member is driven by the need for effective educational interaction between students and faculty in the context of digitalization. However, there are practically no studies of the faculty’s image as a system, as well as technologies for modeling the faculty’s digital image. The objective of this study is to model faculty’s digital image for purposes of decision-making in the process of managing digital image in educational interactions.
Materials and Methods. Secondary data were received through methods of content analysis and systemic and structural-functional evaluation of information. Primary data were obtained through comparative marketing study of faculty’s digital image on a sample of 400 students and 92 faculty members of a Moscow-based and a regional university and through an expert survey. Methods of multivariate scaling and analysis of statistically significant differences were also applied.
Results. Novelty of the study lies in incorporating basic and instrumental core components in the model of university faculty’s digital image due to a dual role of “digital competence” element. The image modeling technique is also developed. It is noticed that faculty’s digital competence is not only an element in the structure of faculty’s image, but also a tool that transmits the image to external environment. Based on results of the study, recommendations on implementation of technique of faculty member’s digital image modeling are proposed. Revealed differences in opinions of students and faculty of two universities can be attributed to unequal access to digital technologies in different regions.
Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions made by authors contribute to development of scientific thought on shaping and promotion of university faculty’s digital image. Results of the comparative study will enable the Moscow-based and regional universities faculty to differentiate and precisely approach issues of shaping and promoting personal digital image.
Goal-Setting among Students with Different Levels of Academic Achievement
Authors: Litvinova Anna V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. As ever there is a high demand for higher education, the problem of goal setting to increase student academic performance becomes relevant. Russian and foreign authors are addressing this problem and looking for ways to improve the situation, because every year many students fail and leave their colleges/universities. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of goal setting among students with advanced and average academic performances.
Materials and Methods. 98 full-time sophomore students from the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education were surveyed. To determine the characteristics of student’s goal setting, the following diagnostic complex was employed: Methodology for studying the motives of educational activity, Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Testing “Meaningful Orientationsˮ, Methodology for measuring the parameters of life goals, Questionnaire for identifying the severity of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior, Questionnaire “Action controlˮ, methodology “Style of self-regulation of educational activity”. The following methods of mathematical statistics were used: Frequency and factor analysis of the IBM program SPSS Statistics 21.
Results. The substantiation of goal-setting as an initiative orientation at the motivational-semantic, emotional-volitional and operational levels made it possible to specify the features of goal-setting in students with high and average academic performance. Students with high academic performance are dominated by internal educational, cognitive, professional motives, meaningful life orientations, and the ability to develop and implement goals. Students with average academic performance are characterized by external known motives, they experience problems of planning, thinking through, detailing actions to achieve the intended goals.
Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions drawn by the author contribute to the development of ideas about goal-setting as an integral process at different levels of orientation and its role in improving the academic performance of students. The materials of the article will help researchers and practitioners in solving the problems of developing and implementing programs for providing psychological assistance and support to students who have difficulty setting and achieving goals in the learning process at universities with various educational backgrounds and academic levels.
PCR investigation of the vertical transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in Montbéliarde cattle in Gonbad, northeast of Iran
Authors: Karamian M. , Soleimanzadeh A. , Tukmechi A. , Batavani R. A.
Published: December 2022

Bovine tuberculosis is an important global zoonosis. The causative agent of the disease is Mycobacterium bovis, belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This study aimed to identify vertical transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in tuberculin positive pregnant dairy cows referred to the slaughterhouse and commercial sperm used to inseminate them in Gonbad, Gorgan province, Iran, by PCR assay. From March to September 2016, one thousand and seven hundred artificially inseminated cows were subjected to the tuberculin test; then, tuberculin positive cows were referred to the Gonbad slaughterhouse. Samples containing milk, lymph node, placenta, foetal abomasal fluid, and amniotic fluid were prepared from all affected cows and stored at -80 °C until analysis. Bacterial DNA was extracted from all specimens by a commercial kit. Detection was performed by amplifying pncATB gene using special primers via the polymerase chain reaction method. Results of tuberculin test revealed 144 positive cases (8.47%). PCR results for 48 milk samples, 120 biopsy samples, 63 samples of foetuses showed 9, 93 and 43 positive cases, respectively which all belonged to tuberculin positive samples. No positive sperm samples were identified. It was concluded that the infection rate with M. bovis in Montbéliarde cattle was high and also, that vertical transmission was not seen.
‘Blazing Light’: On the Original Tibetan Name for wamo 嗢末
Authors: Usen Tsering Samdrup
Published: December 2022

After the Tibetan Empire lost its power over Central Asian regions in the 9th century, a group of people in North-eastern Tibet (Amdo), known aswamo嗢末, made its way into the Chinese chronicles of the subsequent dynasties. The corresponding Tibetan name for the group of people has been disputed since the late 1950s, when scholars first put hypotheses forward on the subject. This paper contends that the correct rendering in Tibetan is’Od-’bar‘blazing light’, a suggestion initially offered by Hungarian Tibetologist Géza Uray. Moreover, by reviewing all the proposals Western and Chinese scholars provided, this paper presents hitherto overlooked textual and phonological evidence to settle this dispute.
The Role of Nogai in the Golden Horde: A Reassessment
Authors: Wilson Jack R.
Published: December 2022

This paper offers a reexamination of the role of Nogai (c.1237–1300) in the Golden Horde. Commonly portrayed as an almighty khanmaker appointing the Jochid khans at will, I argue that this is a creation of the secondary literature. Instead, based on a rereading of the relevant primary sources, I argue for a far more limited role of Nogai within the Horde’s politics. While influential as both a military commander (first as beylerbeyi and then tammachi) and as the elder member of the Jochid lineage (aqa), Nogai’s power over the Horde was never as great as the scholarship has consistently portrayed.
Efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in treatment of plane warts
Authors: Nooruldeen Asan Duraid , Saeed Mohammed Yousif
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Plane warts is one of the commonest viral infections which may be resistant to many treatment modalities, isotretinoin has been shown effectiveness in many HPV (human papilloma virus) infections. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of plane warts. Methods: A prospective clinical trial study was conducted in Erbil Dermatology Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan region through the period from 1st of July 2019 to 5th of January 2020. Forty patients with plane warts included. All patients received isotretinoin in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for three months and patients were assessed monthly clinically and by investigations. After last dose patients were followed up for three months to see any recurrence.Results: After three months of therapy 15 patients (37.5%) showed complete response while only 2 patients (5%) showed partial response and the remaining had significant reduction in number of their plane warts during this period. During the 3 months therapy, comparing the results after 1st, 2nd and 3rd month, there was significant increase in number of patients who achieved complete response at the end of three months with (p=0.003). At the end of three months follow up, only 2 patients out of 15 who achieved complete response revealed recurrence while remainder 13 were still free of disease. All the adverse effects of isotretinoin during treatment period were mild and reversible with no recorded serious adverse effects.Conclusion: Oral isotretinoin is effective and safe in treatment of plane warts.
The effectiveness of women empowerment in preventing stunting in children aged 6-59 months
Authors: Margatot Didik Iman , Huriah Titih
Published: December 2022

Background: Stunting is a major global nutritional issue with a high prevalence. The high rate of stunting is influenced by several factors, including teenage pregnancy, malnutrition in women during pre-conception, pregnancy breastfeeding, and a woman’s level of knowledge. There is a specific and sensitive nutrition program in Indonesia to prevent stunting in children. Women empowerment is one of the prevention interventions in the sensitive nutrition program. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to women’s empowerment in preventing stunting in children aged 6-59 months.Methods: Search relevant literature using PubMed and ProQuest databases using the keywords Stunting OR Growth disorder OR Under-five years AND women’s empowerment AND mother empowerment. The writer uses a logic grid method with the PICO approach to determine keywords. The inclusion criteria in taking articles that will be reviewed in this paper are articles related to women’s empowerment in preventing stunting in children aged 6-59 months. Articles published in the period 2015-2020 and articles in English.Results: 705 articles were found in the search using the PubMed and ProQuest databases. Four articles met the author’s review’s inclusion criteria. The four articles reviewed found that women’s empowerment in education and knowledge significantly affected stunting prevention. A woman with high education will be more knowledgeable about healthcare in children, and good nutrition can prevent stunting in children. Another article states that empowering women in terms of decision-making does not have a significant effect in preventing stunting. Conclusion: The review concludes that women’s empowerment has a significant impact on preventing stunting. Women can be empowered by increasing knowledge about providing good nutrition to children aged 6-59 months.
Adaptation of telemedicine amidst COVID-19 towards Indonesian physicians: benefits, limitations, and burdens
Authors: Haris Fahni , Irawati Kellyana , Rahman Ferry Fadzlul
Published: December 2022

Telemedicine has grown in prominence as a result of the growing deployment and development of digital technology. The existence of the Covid-19 Pandemic encourages the occurrence of Social Distancing drives people to seek safer health services, especially physicians with Covid-19 comorbidities in Indonesia, as a safer way to continue to provide services to the community. The points in this article are the type of telemedicine services, legal standing, and the rights and obligations of healthcare providers. The pandemic further emphasizes the importance of remote monitoring. However, physicians should have easy access to digital equipment and software to improve individual screening and monitor disease development.
The correlation of knowledge of prevention with neuropathy treatment in diabetes mellitus patients in Sukoharjo regency
Authors: Purwanti Okti Sri , Novitasari Elly
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Acute and chronic complications can occur in diabetes mellitus with high blood glucose levels and tend to fluctuate. The most common chronic complication is diabetic neuropathy. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy that is not carried out can lead to diabetic foot ulcers and even amputation. The prevention of diabetic neuropathy can be done by improving patients' knowledge to ease neuropathy treatment; as a result, the disability can be avoided. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy in people with diabetes mellitus in Sukoharjo.Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a correlation design using a cross-sectional approach. The population used in this study was all people with diabetes mellitus, who collected 17,403 patients. The sample used was 120 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument used a knowledge questionnaire. To analyze the data, used Spearman Rank correlation test.Results: The sample in this study was 120 respondents obtained by the purposive sampling technique. The sample used as research respondents are people with diabetes mellitus who have met the research criteria. This study uses an instrument in the form of google form with data analysis using the Spearman rank test. The results showed the respondents' knowledge level was excellent, as many as 76.7% of 120 respondents and the treatment of diabetic neuropathy was good as many as 65% of 120 respondents. Spearman Rank test results showed an r count of 0.439 and a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that knowledge about the prevention of neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in Sukoharjo Regency is mostly very good, the management of neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in Sukoharjo Regency is mostly good. There is a significant relationship between knowledge about the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in people with diabetes mellitus in the Sukoharjo Regency.