bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of various benign breast diseases
Authors: Selvakumaran S. , Sangma Mimamaychet B.
Published: December 2016

Background:Benign breast disorders can be defined as any non-malignant breast condition and encompasses a wide range of clinical and pathological disorders. BBD are very common and 1/3rd of women are suffering from this disorder in one time of their life. The aim of this study is to look at the patterns of benign breast diseases, the mode of presentation, management and to identify risk factors.Methods: This descriptive study was done in 168 patients presented to the surgery OPD department with benign breast disorders. All the patients with breast related disease were included in this study. Both male and female patients were included in this study. Patients with obvious or biopsy proven malignant diseases were excluded in this study.Results:The study comprised of 168 patients with BBD; the commonest being Fibroadenoma which formed 55.9% followed by fibroadenosis 20.8%. The other benign lesions observed were cystosarcoma phylloids, acute abscess, chronic abscess, tuberculous mastitis, antibioma, cysts, galactocele, gynaecomastia, traumatic fat necrosis, duct papilloma and mastalgia.Conclusions:Benign breast disease is a neglected entity despite the fact that it constitutes the majority of breast complaints. Benign breast disease can no longer be ignored. Much more work needs to be done to collect data about the incidence and prevalence of benign breast diseases. Breast self-examination and education to the females is required for early diagnosis and prompt treatment as majority of anxiety and worry of having breast cancer can be alleviated.
Relaparotomy in general surgery department of tertiary care hospital of Western India
Authors: Patel Hemil , Patel Piyush , Shah D. K.
Published: December 2016

Background:Relaparotomy has to be performed in case of certain post-operative complications. Incidence of relaparotomy differs according to hospital setup as well as patient characteristics and initial surgery. It also depends on post-operative care given to patient following first surgery and incidence of post-operative sepsis. This study was carried out to know the incidence of relaparotomy and indications of it, so that in the future this factors can be modified and incidence can be further lowered.Methods: This is an observational study in which 75 relaparotomy cases reported during the period of May 2008 to September 2010 were included. All patients irrespective of age and sex, who have undergone re exploration of the abdomen during the period of hospitalization after the first operation and discharge of patients. All the gynaecological and obstetrical laparotomies were excluded. Data were recorded in pre-validated case record form.Results:Incidence of relaparotomy was 2.84%. It was most common in age group of 31 to 40 years; with mean age of 39.25 years. The most common indication of relaparotomy was leak (34 patients); from an anastomotic site (29 patients) or from perforation (5 patients). The mean duration between first Laparotomy and relaparotomy was 6.85 days. The mortality was 34.72% (25 patients). Mean number of days stay in ICU or the patient requires continuous close monitoring was 4.01 days; mean days of hospitalization was 25.72 days.Conclusions:Relaparotomy is lifesaving procedure for patients. Incidence of relaparotomy depends on expertise in primary surgery, proper surgical technique and prevention of post-operative infection.
Stoppa’s modified, open preperitoneal prolene mesh hernioplasty: a critical analysis of operative outcome in 70 cases
Authors: Deepak B. S. , Ray M. S.
Published: December 2016

Background:Since the dawn of the surgical history, hernias of the abdominal wall have been the most common condition requiring surgery. Hernia poses a major surgical health concern in any society. Despite the frequency of surgical repair, perfect results continue to elude surgeons, and the rate of recurrence is humbling. Hernia has been known since evolution of man and the history of hernia is the history of surgery. Stoppa et al first described a technique aimed at eliminating hernias by reinforcing the peritoneal space with a giant prosthesis called the giant prosthetic reinforcement of visceral sac (GPRVS). This research article presents our experience in managing a varied range of abdominal hernia by not so often practiced Stoppa’s GPRVS with significant modifications and very good results. The aim was to evaluate the operative outcome by Stoppa’s modified open preperitoneal prolene mesh hernioplasty in primary/recurrent/multirecurrent abdominal hernias and to determine the complications.Methods: This study was carried out in our hospital between May 2008 and June 2010. Total of 70 patients were included in the study which were managed by modified Stoppa’s modified open preperitoneal prolene mesh hernioplasty.Results:This procedure has certain inherent advantages like it avoids entering a defiled surgical plane through distorted anatomy, in cases of recurrent hernia and permits inspection of all potential hernial sites. It is truly tensionless and sutureless repair.Conclusions: This novel technique has given excellent results. We would like to recommend Stoppa’s repair based on our experience for recurrent and multirecurrent abdominal hernias, large Incisional and bilateral inguinal hernia.
Serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels and its ratio in patients with gastric cancer: a case control study
Authors: Abraham Amal , Girish T. U. , Sharathchandra B. J. , Madhunapantula Subbarao V. , Yadav Manish Kumar , Erabati Santosh Raja
Published: December 2016

Background:Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The incidence of gastric cancer is found to increase in the developing countries like India due to change in the life style like having smoked food containing nitrates, smoking , alcoholism and consumption of large amount of red chillies. The objective of this study was to measure the serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels and its ratio in gastric cancer patients admitted in JSS hospital and Bharath Cancer Centre during the period October 2012 to October 2014 and to compare with controls.Methods: 80 patients - 40 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients control were studied. Serum pepsinogen I (PG I) and pepsinogen II (PG II) levels were measured using ELISA.Results:The mean PG I levels for cancer patients and controls were 93.98μg/dl and 82.156μg/dl respectively, the mean PG II levels were 42.67 μg/dl and 18.79 μg/dl respectively. The PG I/II ratio in cancer patients is 2.75 and 5.73 in controls, the ratio was significantly lower in cancer patients (P value significant).Conclusions:The ultimate aim in the management of carcinoma stomach is the early detection of the disease. At present endoscopy and biopsy is the gold standard of diagnosis. Different screening tools are under development for the diagnosis of the disease. Our study evaluates a test which can be recommended as an alternative to the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma at an early stage.
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of alvarado score, C-reactive protein, ultrasonography and computed tomography in acute appendicitis and to correlate them with operative and histological findings
Authors: Pipal Dharmendra Kumar , Kothari Saurabh , Shrivastava Harshit , Soni Amit , Pipal Vibha
Published: December 2016

Background:Despite extraordinary advances in modern radiology and laboratory investigations an accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis cannot be made in atypical cases. No single diagnostic aid can dramatically reduce the rate of negative appendicectomy.Methods: To reduce the rate of negative appendicectomies by the combined use of diagnostic modalities in a prospective study from July 2011 to December 2012 was done. 100 patients with right lower quadrant abdominal pain fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criterion underwent appendicectomy in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.Results:The results of the diagnostic aids were reported in combination using the ‟or” rule and were correlated with intraoperative and histopathological findings. Chi-square test was applied to calculate the p value for the association between the variables of studied. The mean age was 26±11.25 years (10-59 years) and there were 70 males and 30 females in the study. Histopathological examination confirmed appendicitis in 90 patients with 10 negative appendicectomies. A negative appendicectomy rate of 5.71% in men and 20% in women was observed.Conclusions:Alvarado score in combination with ultrasonography is a valuable tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis inspite of sophisticated investigations like CT, thus reducing the cost of treatment and preventing negative appendicectomy rate.
A study of burden and risk factors of inguinal hernia from Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Veerabhadrappa P. S. , Singh Abhishek , Goel Shewtank
Published: December 2016

Background:Hernias pose a tremendous economic and physical burden to the patients. The well known risk factors and causes of the inguinal hernias have been reported as increased abdominal pressure, pre-existing weakness of abdominal muscles, straining during defecation, heavy lighting of weights, obesity, pregnancy etc. The objective of this study was to find out burden of various types of inguinal hernia observed in the region of western Uttar Pradesh as well as risk factors associated with them.Methods: This retrospective study was executed by Department of General Surgery, FH Medical College, Tundla. A retrospective cohort of patients who had come to the hospital with complaints of groin swelling with or without pain and took treatment during August 2015 to September 2016 formed the study population. Data of 98 patients, who had come to the surgery outpatient department for inguinal hernia repair or recurrence from, were included in this study.Results:36.7% patients were aged between 46-60 years, which was the commonest age group, followed by 31-45 years with 28.6% of the patients. 79.6% of the cases were primary inguinal hernia while remaining 20 cases (20.4%) were recurrent hernia. Duration of swelling was less than one year for majority of the patients (57%), while the least of them had swelling for more than 2 years (10%). The common risk factors responsible for the presence of hernia among these patients were lifting heavy objects in 48 (48.9%) and constipation, seen in 47 (47.9%) of the patients. 42 (42.8%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease whereas 30 (30.6%) had diabetes. 35 (35.7%) of the patients were alcoholics and 32 (32.6%) of them were smokers.Conclusions:This study highlights burden of various types of inguinal hernia observed in the region of western Uttar Pradesh as well as risk factors associated with them. This information can be of great importance of surgeons managing such cases in this area.
A prospective analysis of management of carcinoma stomach
Authors: Gangappa Rajashekara Babu , Savasere Thejas , Chowdary Prashanth Basappa
Published: December 2016

Background:Gastric carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumour of the gastric mucosa with glandular differentiation. It applies to tumours arising in the distal stomach, body stomach and tumours arising in the proximal 5 cm, but not crossing the esophago-gastric junction. It is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Its incidence is increasing and is especially prevalent in Asia. Its prevalence is four times higher in South India than North India. The objective of this study was to study the aetiology, clinical features, evaluation of carcinoma stomach, surgical management and post-operative complications of carcinoma stomach.Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with gastric carcinoma who were surgically managed at Victoria Hospital, Bangalore, India between September 2013 and April 2016.Results:The age group with the maximum incidence of gastric carcinoma was between the ages of 51-60. 61.54% of the patients followed a mixed diet and the rest were vegetarians. 50% of the patients were smokers only, 19.23% gave history of only alcohol consumption and 15.38% of the patients had history of both alcohol consumption and smoking. 55.77% of the patients presented with T3 disease and 19.23% of the patients had M1 disease. 42.31% of the patients had N1 disease, 34.62% of the patients had N2 disease, 19.23% of the patients had N3 disease and the rest had N0 disease. 75% of the patients underwent resection with a curative intent and the rest 25% had palliative procedures. On follow-up, 19.51% of the patients who underwent a curative resection expired and 80.48% are surviving. 81.48% of the patients who underwent a palliative procedure expired and 18.51% are surviving.Conclusions:Diet plays an important role in carcinoma of the stomach. A high index of suspicion is important in the diagnosis. Surgery is the only potentially curative form of treatment and the prognosis after curative surgery for early gastric cancer has been excellent. There is a need for early diagnosis so that the disease can be treated adequately which directly translates into an improved survival.
Is elective appendicectomy is a valuable option in children, with chronic undiagnosed right lower abdominal pain? A prospective study
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Rawat J. D.
Published: December 2016

Background:Chronic right lower abdominal pain in children is an enigma with both diagnostic and therapeutic controversies. There are no well-defined management protocols. In this study we have tried to define the role of laparoscopy and elective appendicectomy in these children.Methods: It is a prospective study duration 2 years (2013-15), in which children with chronic right lower abdominal pain, after excluding infective causes of chronic pain all required investigations, children were selected for diagnostic laparoscopy and appendicectomy. Children were following up for relief of pain and complication related to procedure for minimum of 12 months.Results:Total 22 patients were included in study. Male: Female-14:8, average age was 9.2 years. Average duration of symptoms was 12.8 months. Investigations were not helpful in establishing the cause of pain abdomen in these children. On laparoscopy, appendices were found macroscopically abnormal in 14/22 cases, of which 12 show chronic inflammatory changes of histopathology of which 11 showed complete improvement of symptoms in follow up. Eight cases in which appendix were found macroscopically normal, in 6 cases appendicectomy was done. There were no procedure related complications.Conclusions:Laparoscopy in chronic right lower abdominal pain in children with persistent mesenteric lymphadenopathy is useful for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Appendicectomy should be done even if it is macroscopically normal.
A study of impact of gender on operative findings and outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Kumar Praveen , Verma Ram K. , Agarwal Akshat
Published: December 2016

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent health problem around the globe and the treatment of choice for symptomatic GSD is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). There are many factors that influence the operative findings, conversion rates and the outcome of surgery. Male gender has been considered by some to be an adverse factor in this regard. Through this study we intend to find out the role of gender in the operative findings and outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: All the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at SMI Hospital, Dehradun during one year period were included in the study with certain exceptions. The details of clinical presentation, operative findings and conversion rates, duration of surgery and peri-operative complications were recorded separately for male and female patients and compared.Results: A total of 402 patients were included in the study. 72 (17.9%) were male and 330 (82%) were female. The mean duration of surgery was significantly greater in the male group (66 min) as compared to female group (60.5 min). The rate of conversion to open surgery was not significantly different in the two groups. There was no significant difference in frequencies of complications in the two groups.Conclusions: Gender has little role as far as overall morbidity and conversion to open surgery are concerned in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A study of injury characteristics in road traffic accidents by different road user category
Authors: Lilhare Subham , Swarnkar Manish
Published: December 2016

Background:Trauma is one of the oldest subjects in medical science because it appeared just as early as human being came to the earth. At the same time trauma is also a novel subject, because trauma has been strikingly increasing with the high-speed development of economical construction, traffic transport and sharp increase of vehicles in number. Therefore, trauma is called the twin brother of the modem civilization. Accidents occur not only due to ignorance but also due to carelessness, thoughtlessness and over confidence. Human, vehicular and environmental factors play role before, during and after a road traffic accidents (RTA). Road traffic injuries are partially predictable and hence preventable.Methods: this was prospective observational study in which all cases of road traffic accident victims admitted to the hospital (AVBRH) between July 2014 to September 2016, were analyzed statistically with respect to their demographic profile, injury characteristics and outcome.Results:This study showed that motorcyclists were predominantly affected (77.3%) in RTA. Males (80.67%) in the working age group 21-40 years (64.66%) were most commonly affected leading to huge economic losses to their families. Majority RTA took place between 4pm to 12am (57.33 %), on Sundays and Saturday (41.66%) and during summer season (52.67%). Extremity injury (67%) was the most common injury followed by craniocerebral injuries (58.33%). Maximum mortality was seen in LMV/HMV occupants (25%).Conclusions:Road traffic accidents are preventable. Strict traffic laws and penalties have to be imposed to curb this ever growing menace.
Evaluation and management of congenital esophageal stenosis: a rare entity
Authors: Rawat Jiledar , Pandey Anand , Singh Sudhir , Singh Sarita
Published: December 2016

Background:Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is an uncommon condition presenting with swallowing problems. It has been classified into three types. Clinically, the condition is manifested as dysphagia. This is more common after introduction of semisolid to solid foods. We present the management strategy of this uncommon entity.Methods: This study ranged from January 2009 to January 2015. Six patients of CES were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed by contrast swallow study and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The initial management included esophageal dilation under fluoroscopy guidance. In case of failed dilation, thoracotomy, resection of the stenotic segment and primary esophageal anastomosis was performed. If required, antireflux procedure was added.Results:In 4 patients, the stenosis was in middle esophagus.  Of these, one had associated esophageal diverticulum. In 2 patients, the stenosis was in the lower esophagus. These patients also underwent antireflux surgery. After the surgery, all patients were able to swallow properly. There was no problem in the follow up except in one patient, who needed dilation in the follow up. He responded to the dilation.Conclusions:High index of suspicion is needed to diagnoses this condition. Dilation may not be successful to treat all type all type of CES, for whom surgery will be needed. Long term outcome may be satisfactory.
Thoracic epidural anesthesia for gas-free trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report
Authors: Ni Xiu , Zhao Xiang , Li Mengzhu , Li Quan , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: December 2016

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is usually performed under general anaesthesia (GA). With the advancement of surgical and anaesthetic technique, there were many LC have been successfully performed under epidural anaesthesia in recent years. Surgeons in our hospital have performed gas-free trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy since 2015. However, the description of thoracic spinal epidural anesthesia (TEA) for gas-free trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been reported yet. The goal of anesthetic management in gas-free trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures includes achieving an adequate level of sensory blockade without any respiratory compromise, providing good postoperative pain relief, and mild pain at early ambulation. Epidural anaesthesia fulfils all the mentioned criteria and can contribute to quick recovery and thus has been suggested to be a suitable alternative to general anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgeries. We present a case of the successful application of the thoracic epidural anaesthesia combined with laryngeal mask for gas-free trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy and postoperative pain.
Revascularisation of left hand after 33 hours of warm ischemia: a case report
Authors: Gharwade Chandrakant R. , Alegaonkar Umesh , Jawade Pranav G. , Gharwade Shweta C.
Published: December 2016

‘Revascularisation’ or ‘replantation’ is a limb saving procedure. In case of severe limb injury compromising its vascularity, before considering amputation, one should always consider these surgical procedures after thoroughly assessing the status of the patients injury and his hemodynamic status. Delayed revascularisation has proven successful in cases and there are substantial evidences based on some case studies published recently. There are very few reports and case studies documented on successful salvage of upper limb /forearm traumatic vascular injuries after considerable delay in revascularisation / replantation. Here we present a case of delayed revascularisation of left hand after 33 hours of warm ischemia which turned out to be a successful surgery without any dreadful complication and consequences in a year’s follow-up. We believe and recommend that efforts must be made by every well-equipped health care system in salvaging the limb by revascularisation technique. We also want to mention that delayed revascularisation can be done successfully with constant monitoring of limb and patients hemodynamic status to rule out reperfusion injury and septicaemia. We recommend, one should always consider revascularisation/ Replantation as an option before planning amputation which can be debilitating for the patient.
Salmonella thyroid abscess in a pre-existing multinodular goitre: rare clinical entity with review of literature
Authors: Murali G.S. , Bhandary Shubhakar
Published: December 2016

With its inherent resistance to infection, abscess of the thyroid has been rarely encountered clinically. The disease is usually preceded by an attack of upper respiratory tract infection. The availability of potent broad spectrum antibiotics is one important factor due to which currently thyroid abscess has become a rare clinical entity. But we report a case of thyroid abscess in an otherwise 26 yr old healthy young female with a long standing goitre. She gave no history of preceding URTI. The causative organism was identified as Salmonella typhi.
An unusual case of multiple intestinal perforations secondary to pica
Authors: Jaiman Richa , Agrawal Neelabh , Mitra Devpriya , Yadav Vikram , Verma Gyan Prakash , Sharma Shashank
Published: December 2016

Habitual ingestion of non-nutritive substances is the characteristic feature of a medical condition known as pica. It is usually associated with nutritional deficiency state, mental illness and at times with pregnancy. Most of the ingested foreign bodies pass through the digestive tract without causing complications however in about 1% cases, it can result in fatal complications such as intoxication, gastrointestinal perforation etc. Here we report a case of multiple intestinal perforations in a 28 year old patient secondary to his psychiatric illness Pica. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate its unusual presentation and to discuss the management of this rare case.
Clinical pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Perez-Guarinos Carmen V. , Baeza-Murcia Melody , Liron-Ruiz Ramon J. , Aguayo-Albasini Jose L.
Published: December 2016

We write this letter regarding the article retrospective analysis of clinical pathway in management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care centre in South India, article we have read with interest, and because of the citation of our centre’s article clinical pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Online and face-to-face guest lectures: graduate students' perceptions
Authors: Alebaikan Reem A.
Published: December 2016

Using guest lectures can provide graduate students with the opportunity to link theories with practice. This study aims to investigate perceptions towards online and face-to-face guest lectures among graduate students specialized in Curriculum and Instruction of Computer Science. Data was collected via reflection logs, semi-structured interviews and observations, revealing mainly positive experiences of both types of guest lecture. The participants acknowledged the flexibility and accessibility of an online guest lecture; on the other hand, they found that a face-to-face guest lecture facilitated better interaction and discussion. It is recommended to consider three issues for a successful guest lecture: guest speaker selection, teaching strategy of guest speaker and the role of the course lecturer. Future research based on identified gaps is recommended.
Comparing choice of themes by Emirati and Japanese students writing for the Extremely Short Story Competition
Authors: Matsubara Naomi
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to highlight contrasts between the writing of young people in the UAE and Japan. For comparison, anthologies of 50-word short stories written in English, resulting from the Extremely Short Story Competition (ESSC) in each country are examined. These two ESSC anthologies were created under similar conditions in 2006. Analysis of the most frequently-appearing topics in each ESSC anthology provides insights into the daily life, general mindsets, behavior, preferences, values and culture of these two groups. These data help us to understand the everyday life and social context of young people in the UAE and Japan. Thematic analysis shows that youth in both countries are often preoccupied with seeking identity, and regard friends to be important. Both groups of young people also appear to appreciate the beauty of nature and feel affection towards living creatures. An identifying characteristic of Emirati youth is that they talk about death more often than do the Japanese writers; in addition, the ESSC anthologies indicate UAE society is remarkably family-oriented, with life being firmly connected to Islam and God. In contrast, Japanese youth show they are keen to engage in various hobbies and also like to express their romantic feelings and thankfulness for their environment. The ESSC was originally designed to develop students’ creative writing in English. This study explains that corpora generated by the ESSC may be used to illuminate the lives and societies of students living in disparate countries, with implications for planning and delivering locally appropriate education.
Skills for learning: a day in the life of a college student
Authors: Macleod Cheri , Hayden Paula
Published: December 2016

The learning skills used by students at a technical college to fully participate in their classes were the focus of this investigation. Researchers shadowed two full-time students for one full day as they each went to their classes in a technical college in Qatar. An observation schedule was used to record what students did in their classes (for example: solve problems, listen to the teacher, ask questions). At the end of the day students were interviewed and asked to comment on the importance of the learning skills that they used, how they built the skills they needed and how to become a better student. It was found that students used a variety of learning skills throughout a typical day and that they had their own ideas about learning. The learning skills the two students used most during their classes were not the same, owing partly to the format of the courses and partly to personal learning approach. The four learning skills students identified as most important were: understand and apply concepts to current work; concentrate and maintain focus; follow written instructions; and ask questions. The information gathered in this investigation can be used to inform students, instructors and course planners about the skills students need to be active participants in their classes and to ensure that educators support the development of required learning skills.
Visual processing skill barriers in students with Arabic as a first language
Authors: Ball Jennifer , Kashoob Muna
Published: December 2016

Most teachers in the Gulf would agree that Arab learners struggle more with reading and writing than listening and speaking. One little considered possible influence on this is the particular visual processing requirements of English. This article suggests why visual processing or visual cognition might be a particular difficulty for Arab students reading English. It offers a simple classroom checklist that may assist teachers to notice if visual processing strain could be effecting their student’s attention, motivation and performance.
Gingival Manifestations of Orofacial Granulomatosis: A Rare Finding
Authors: Chandna Shalu , Mahendra Aneet , Kaur Ranveet
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare idiopathic, non‐necrotizing granulomatous lesion of soft tissue in the orofacial region. It is clinically characterized by persistent swelling of lips (one or both), oral ulceration, and gingival enlargement.

Case Presentation: A 21‐year‐old female patient presented with diffuse persistent anterior maxillary and mandibular gingival enlargement with upper lip swelling for the last 2 years. Clinical presentation, along with a histologic examination, confirmed a diagnosis of OFG. In this case report, OFG is presented with a detailed differential diagnosis.

Conclusions: OFG is a disorder with inconstant clinical presentations and can be related to other granulomatous diseases. It has an uncertain cause, which may be associated with systemic diseases and can cause significant esthetic and functional problems. It has an unpredictable response to treatment, so to yield better clinical results, correct diagnosis and early treatment are essential.
Immediate Placement of Ultrashort Implants in an Infected Site With Severe Loss of Soft Tissues and Bone Assisted by Lasers and Light‐Emitting Diode: Case Report With 3‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Giannelli Marco , Materassi Fabrizio , Bani Daniele
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Alveolar bone resorption, a consequence of tooth extraction in infected sites, can substantially jeopardize the outcome of dental implant placement. This report describes a new therapeutic approach in a patient with severe dental‐periodontal infection based on laser and light‐emitting diode (LED) sources for decontamination, anti‐inflammation, and repair/regeneration of soft and hard tissues, and simultaneous placement of implants and biomaterials.

Case Presentation: A 55‐year‐old white male with a history of chronic periodontitis presented with destructive dental‐periodontal infection and extended loss of alveolar bone, requiring removal of tooth #11. The patient underwent irradiation with diode (λ 810 and 635 nm) and erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet lasers and LED (λ 405 nm) for soft and hard tissue decontamination, anti‐inflammation, and biostimulation; grafting of biomaterials for osseoinduction; and simultaneous placement of ultrashort locking taper implants for prosthetic reconstruction.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this single case report, this method gave satisfactory clinical and esthetic results during a 3‐year follow up. This method allowed faster and better healing, rapid prosthetic restoration, and no need for local or systemic antibiotics, with obvious advantages in terms of reduction of discomfort for the patient, number of surgical sessions, and costs.
Antibacterial Effect of Synthetic Peptide LyeTxI and LyeTxI/β‐Cyclodextrin Association Compound Against Planktonic and Multispecies Biofilms of Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Cruz Olivo Edison Andrés , Santos Daniel , de Lima Maria Elena , dos Santos Vera Lúcia , Sinisterra Rubén Dario , Cortés María Esperanza
Published: December 2016

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown rapid and potent effect against planktonic bacteria. However, control of periodontopathic biofilms is a challenge even for AMPs. Thus, the present study evaluates in vitro antimicrobial activity of synthetic peptide LyeTxI and association compound LyeTxI/β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) against multispecies biofilms.

Methods: Sensibility to LyeTxI and LyeTxI/βCD was determined for planktonic Gram‐negative periodontopathogens. Time‐kill kinetic assay was performed at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in all planktonic strains. Multispecies biofilms were grown on pegs using a biofilm device and studied by scanning electron microscopy at 2, 5, and 10 days. Minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined for 2‐ and 4‐day multispecies biofilms. Metabolic activity of biofilms was determined by fluorometry study.

Results: Biofilms showed reproducible cell density on pegs of the biofilm device. LyeTxI and LyeTxI/βCD were active against all strains tested at concentrations ≤62.5 μg/mL. Kinetic assays showed rapid bactericidal effect of LyeTxI against all periodontopathogens. MBECs of LyeTxI and LyeTxI/βCD against multispecies 2‐day biofilms were two‐fold higher than MICs of cells shed from biofilms. LyeTxI was able to reduce multispecies 2‐day metabolic activity by 90%. Multispecies 4‐day biofilms were tolerant to all agents tested.

Conclusions: LyeTxI and LyeTxI/βCD are active against periodontopathic bacteria, showing rapid bactericidal effect and may be used to prevent biofilm development. In the future, AMPs could be therapeutic tools for treatment of periodontitis.
A Critical Appraisal of the Right of Inheritance of Children Born Out of Wedlock
Authors: Ajanwachuku Michael Akpa
Published: December 2016

The phenomenon of the so-called bastard children has growth astronomically worldwide. In Nigeria, the rights of children born out of wedlock to inherit their biological fathers who died intestate was wholly dependent on the acknowledgement of paternity. This paper attempts to unravel the recent development in the law of inheritance in Nigeria with respect to children born out of wedlock. It concludes from the review of case laws in Nigeria that there is a significant progressive development of the law in Nigeria. Absent acknowledgement of paternity, children born out of wedlock may now inherit their biological fathers if they can provide other evidence of paternity, including the use of DNA technology.
Abuse of Dominant Market Position by Predatory Pricing; The Valio Case
Authors: Puisto Aarne , Alavi Hamed
Published: December 2016

This article analyses the competition law related to abuse of a dominant market position using strategy of predatory pricing by undertakings in the European Union and, compares the same situation to the United States’ predatory pricing law. The purpose of this article is to survey predatory pricing as a phenomenon both within and outside the EU. Article is largely centered on the case of Valio, which is still awaiting final judgment from the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland. This case was chosen as it is extremely topical and has several unique features. The findings proved that undertakings who achieved their dominant position before the recession have significant advantage over smaller undertakings. However, they cannot necessarily afford to act on the same basis for long, which is why a model closer to that of the United States would be of benefit to control some behaviors of these undertakings. Bearing in mind that the Valio case is examined under EU law, it will be interesting to see if its judgement will be remembered as the ‘milk fallacy’ or if it will change the face of the case law as it currently stands.
The Development of International Law in the Field of Renewable Energy
Authors: Mulyana Imam
Published: December 2016

Energy plays a pivotal role in ensuring economic growth, social equity and live-able environment. In this regard, the non-renewable or conventional source of energy such as oil, gas and coal continue to supply the energy demand throughout the world. Nevertheless, as the awareness of the international society towards the protection and preservation of the global environment is rapidly growing, the utilization of energy resources has been gradually shifted from the non-renewable to renewable ones. Observing the international developments in the field of energy, further international legal instruments is required to be able to regulate renewable energy activities undertaken by the countries today. Although there have been a number of rules in international law, but until recently, most of these regulations is still not legally binding. Moreover, to achieve world order that uses renewable energy, international law also had to resolve some fundamental issues, namely the issue of state sovereignty and energy security.
The Problematic of Small-Scale Land Acquisition (Less than 5 Hectares) for Public Interest Development
Authors: Setiabudhi Donna Okhtalia
Published: December 2016

Land acquisition for public interest development is stipulated in Act No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development of Public Interest. One arrangement of land acquisition in legal substances that have been formed are small-scale land acquisition (less than 5 hectares), but it is still governed by very vague and thus susceptible to the multi-interpretation and raises doubts in its implementation. This paper discusses the problematic that arise due to unclear regulations concerning small-scale land acquisition and to provide solutions to these problems. Based on the discussion the authors concluded first, the problematic of small-scale land acquisition is the arrangement of land acquisition that is so vague that there is no clarity regarding the procedures for determining of location, the phase of land acquisition, which excludes public consultation, there is no regulation regarding preventive measures against the impact for the community around location of land acquisition. Second, the solution could be found to this problem is a regulation of small-scale land acquisition should ideally be regulated more comprehensively considering that small-scale land acquisition allows the emergence of adverse effects for the community around location of land acquisition so that the stages of planning and preparation that is set for the large-scale land acquisition is similarly applied for small-scale.
The Implementation of Right-Fulfillment to the Health Care in Achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG’S)
Authors: Zuhri Muhammad , Basri Basri
Published: December 2016

The vision of Aceh Government in 2012-2017 is Aceh are dignified, prosperous, just, and independent based on the legislation of Aceh government as a form of Memorandum of Understanding. One of the visions of Aceh government 2012- 2017 is the improved welfare of Acehnese people through quality health services through increasing life expectancy, infant mortality, decreasing the prevalence of malnutrition as well as the effectiveness of the treatment of infectious diseases to the achievement of the MDG’s. Model policies adopted by the Aceh government is monitoring and track record of cases, tv monitor, routine and case sms, a special program policy model, and the model of budget balancing. Model policies adopted by the district/city government is making a supporting program, All Village Midwives Must Live in the Village, deliveries assistance is performed by professional health workers, adjustment to the ability of APBK. Support new regulation of Regent Regulation (Perbub) on Malaria Elimination and No Smoking Area. MDG’s target is not entirely in accordance with the indicator being built, because it requires adjustments in accordance with the ability of both district or city areas. Regulatory support is not adequate to support the achievement of the MDG’s in the field of health.
Actualization of Islamic Rules in Sharia Banking: A Review of Contemporary Issues in Jayapura, Indonesia
Authors: Ingratubun H. M. Husni T. A
Published: December 2016

This article aims to determine the applicable of Islamic rules in Sharia Banking of Jayapura. The study was conducted in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia with purposive sampling techniques which involving over 90 respondents from two Islamic banks, Bank Muamalah Indonesia (BMI) and Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM). The research also involved some knowledgeable informants to give rich related information. The data were analysed by using the frequency table with the descriptive analysis. Results of the research revealed that the actualization is still facing a wide range of issues. Firstly, most of the customers have not clear or deep understanding of profit-and-loss sharing system. Secondly, they also do not know what advantages they would get if they do transactions in the BMI and BMS Jayapura. Besides that, it also indicated that most of the BMI and BSM customers decided to be member of the banks because of their fanatics to their religion and they are afraid of breaking the Islamic rules.
Legal Policy of Legislation in the Field of Natural Resources in Indonesia
Authors: Hamzah Herdiansyah
Published: December 2016

Given the urgency for the peoples’ interests, legislation in the field of natural resources should be treated more compared to other fields. The urgency of arrangement in the field of natural resources is not only the right of every citizen to gain access to natural resources that we have, but also provide a guarantee that Indonesia’ natural resources can still be maintained and sustained to future generations. Unfortunately, the legal policy of natural resources tends to move towards free market competition, which is on one side open domination space for both private and foreign sectors, and on the other side attempted to remove the State’s role in the control and management of natural resources. This was strengthened by some of legislation in the field of natural resources were canceled in part or in their entirety by the Constitutional Court. In consideration of the Constitutional Court decision, explicitly confirms that the legislation product in the field of natural resources does not comply to the conditionally constitutional, where the right to “the control of state” of natural resources as mandated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, is an absolute and should not be omitted. A shift in the law-political direction that tends to be pro-market, influenced by several aspects: First, the market ideology that is not prevented due to lack of firmness of attitude, principle independence and sovereignty politically by the lawmakers. Second, the inconsistent application of the Indonesia law ideal that embodied in the Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, in any formulation of laws related to the management of natural resources. Third, still neglecting the peoples’ participation, which in the process of making laws relating to the management of natural resources, they are closed to the demands of the people, so it tends to be very elitist and unresponsive to the aspirations of the Indonesian peoples.
The Possibility of Vice-Presidents’ Authority Arrangement in the 1945 Constitution through Constitutional Amendment
Authors: Suroso Fajar L.
Published: December 2016

The debate over the vice-presidents’ authority reappeared in the administration of President Jokowi after the “authority expansion of the Chief of Presidency Staff” and the case of “Rizal Ramli vs Jusuf Kalla”. This article is intended to provide arguments for the idea of some parties to organize more explicit and detailed the authority of vice-president in the 1945 Constitution. The idea arises from the absence of further arrangement on the authority of vice-president in the 1945 Constitution. This article is systematized into 3 (three) sub-theme; 1) the arrangement of the vice-presidents’ authority in the constitution for several countries; 2) The authority of the vice president according to the 1945 Constitution, and 3) New resultant and the possibility of 1945 Constitution amendment. The result revealed a number of interesting things; 1) the constitutions of other countries do not specify the authority of the vice-president and put the vice-president as a “spare tire” when the president is absent; 2) no new resultant about the position and authority of the vice-president so that theoretically is not reason enough to regulate in detail the authority of the vice-president through the 1945 Constitution amendment; 3) arrangement in detail in the authority of vice-president in the 1945 Constitution holds the potential to confuse the presidential system design as the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, the possibility of vice-presidents’ authority arrangement in the 1945 Constitution through amendment is very small, both in terms of momentum and the substance of issues.
An Overview of the Legal framework of Advanced Fee Fraud and Cybercrime in Nigeria
Authors: Saulawa Mu’azu Abdullahi
Published: December 2016

The paper seeks to discuss an overview on the advanced fee fraud offences as well as cybercrime in Nigerian. The aims of the paper focus on discussing the advanced fee fraud under the related provisions of Advanced Fee Fraud Act 2006 on the success of the law in addressing the practices of crimes in relation to information technology. The paper also discusses the cybercrimes in Nigeria with a brief look out on the Cybercrime (Prohibition and Prevention) Act 2015. Further, it also aims at examining the application of the law in the fraud offences which raises an issue of the regulatory framework of the cybercrime. The methodology adopted by the paper is doctrinal approach method wherein both primary and secondary sources of data were analysed, particularly the local laws and other relevant documents. The finding of the paper reveals that the relevant section of the in the Advanced Fee Fraud Act that deals with electronic communication has not been invoked. This is because the discussed relevant law under the advanced fee fraud did not in any away deal with cases concerning electronic communication under section 13. The paper recommends that there is a need to strengthen the adequacy of the legal framework on the Cybercrimes so as to checkmate such practices in Nigeria.
Tudang Sipulung: A Conflict Resolution Wisdom of Bugis-Makassar Community
Authors: Nuh Muhammad Syarif
Published: December 2016

This article explores local wisdom “tudang sipulung” (seated together), as conflict settlement medium of Bugis-Makassar Community of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Tudang sipulung is one of the social institutions that owned the Bugis-Makassar South Sulawesi as a conflict resolution. Tudang sipulung was originally only known in the agricultural community in resolving conflicts related to agriculture, and developing relevant social disputes. Formally, this Tudang Sipulung accommodated by Police in South Sulawesi in the form of a forum called the Mabbulo Sibatang Communication Forum (FKMB) to resolve the conflict. FKMB essence is tudang sipulung between the government, the team of FKMB Police, religious leaders, community leaders, the parties to the dispute and sit together in solving the conflict. Some conflicts that have occurred and are resolved through conflict FKMB PTPN XIV Wajo regency with the community District Kera in Wajo regency, Conflict PTPN XIV Takalar with Gowa regency related to land use and conflict Execution University of Al’As’yariah Mandar Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.