bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the cosmic-ray induced Venusian radiation dose in the context of habitability
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Banjac Saša , Atri Dimitra , Nordheim Tom A.
Published: November 2019

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs), which constantly bombard planetary magnetic fields and atmospheres, are the primary driver of atmospheric spallation processes. The higher the energy of these particles, the deeper they penetrate the planetary atmosphere, and the more likely interactions become with the ambient atmospheric material and the evolution of secondary particle showers.

Aims. As recently discussed in the literature, CRs are the dominant driver of the Venusian atmospheric ionization and the induced radiation dose below ~100 km. In this study, we model the atmospherically absorbed dose and the dose equivalent to the effect of cosmic rays in the context of Venusian habitability.

Methods. The Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator was used to model the altitude-dependent Venusian absorbed dose and the Venusian dose equivalent. For the first time, we modeled the dose rates for different shape-, size-, and composition-mimicking detectors (phantoms): a CO2-based phantom, a water-based microbial cell, and a phantom mimicking human tissue.

Results. Based on our new model approach, we give a reliable estimate of the altitude-dependent Venusian radiation dose in water-based microorganisms here for the first time. These microorganisms are representative of known terrestrial life. We also present a detailed analysis of the influence of the strongest ground-level enhancements measured at the Earth’s surface, and of the impact of two historic extreme solar events on the Venusian radiation dose. Our study shows that because a phantom based on Venusian air was used, and because furthermore, the quality factors of different radiation types were not taken into account, previous model efforts have underestimated the radiation hazard for any putative Venusian cloud-based life by up to a factor of five. However, because we furthermore show that even the strongest events would not have had a hazardous effect on putative microorganisms within the potentially habitable zone (51–62 km), these differences may play only a minor role.
The Managerial Aspects of Integrating the Sustainable Development Principles into Practices of Mining Companies
Authors: Lazarenko Yuliia , Garafonova Olga , Marhasova Vyktoriia , Grigashkina Svetlana , Kozureva Olena
Published: November 2019

In order to successfully achieve sustainable development objectives, modern enterprises have to establish a framework and implement appropriate managerial tools for the effective integration of sustainability into business operations. The paper aims to clarify the concept of sustainable development in the mine management context, highlight the main principles of sustainable mining and devise appropriate tools and mechanisms from a managerial viewpoint to implement the strategic sustainability priorities into business practice. Based on a literature review of research on sustainable mine management issues, the main dimensions of the sustainability concept are highlighted and the specific goals corresponding to each of the priority focus areas are identified in the paper. As a result of the study, the key organizational aspects and firm-level mechanisms that should be primarily taken into account from a management decision-making viewpoint to embed the strategic sustainability principles into business practices and corporate activities of mining operators are pointed out. From a practical perspective, the findings can be used by mining operators for defining strategic sustainability priorities and setting related corporate objectives, as well as devising guidelines for the effective implementation of the integrated sustainable mine management system.
The Convergent Structural Base of Sustainable Development in the 21st Century
Authors: Zhironkin Sergey , Cehlar Michal , Zhironkin Vitaly
Published: November 2019

Sustainable development is a symbiosis of technological and social progress, as well as responsible environmental management, should not rely on old industries that actively consume non-renewable natural resources, but on new, convergent-technological ones. In this paradigm, the environmental safety of future generations is formed by structural shifts in the economies of advanced countries caused by the expansion of technological convergence. Technological convergence – the result of accelerating scientific and technological progress in the 21st century – has a transformative effect on the economies of developed countries, forming a new type of sectorial genesis. It is not related to the deepening of sectorial specialization or inter-industry cooperation within the framework of the evolution of basic technologies, but to the emergence of technologies of a fundamentally new type, formed as a result of the merger of know-how from different industries. The structural shifts arising from technological convergence do not have the historical analogues and forms of regulation developed by industrial policies of developed countries. The article outlines the key statements of the the impact of convergent technologies on the structural base of sustainable development.
Human Potential in the System of Sustainable Development
Authors: Snegireva Tatyana , Kayachev Gennady , Falaleev Albert , Kurgansky Sergey
Published: November 2019

The essence of sustainable development is that the progress of the current generation does not go against the interests of future generations. In the classical definition, the balance between generations is understood as the balance of needs. However, the word “needs” can be interpreted differently. First, we can talk about the ability to meet the needs in the context of the availability of natural resources. This means that we must leave to future generations the same amount of resources that we have, so that they can meet their needs with these resources. Secondly, we can talk about the ability to meet the needs as a standard of living. This means that for future generations it should be at least the same as the standard of living of our generation. At the same time, it is absolutely not necessary that this be achieved due to the availability of natural resources. For example, we can now invest some resources in the development of human capital and knowledge, and future generations will provide a higher standard of living through the growth of knowledge. Consequently, the factor of human capital, determining the pace of introduction of innovative technologies and moving away from resource-intensive industries, will determine sustainable development in the process of transition to a post-industrial economy.
Issues and development trends of modern Icon painting
Authors: Bobreshova Marina
Published: November 2019

The article is concerned with topical issues and problem points of modern icon painting: understanding meanings and the mission of the icon in society, position of the Church, issue of the canon in icon painting, commercialization of the icon painter’s work, etc. The main tasks of modern icon painting have been determined. For example, ability to find a harmony of artistic creation and icon painting canon; mastering the icon painting language and icon painting thinking; development of new iconography. Today, development trends of icon painting are seen in the return and preservation of the icon painting canon culture and in the interaction of the state and the Church in terms of the spiritual and professional education of modern icon painters. Today, an example of such an interaction is the joint icon painting department of the Rostov Art College named after M.B. Grekov and the Don Theological Seminary.
Dialogue between the individual and the state in contemporary Russian society
Authors: Bogatyrev Roman , Kapustina Nadezhda , Nachkebiya Maya , Perutskaya Tatiana
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the important aspects of the dialogue between the individual and the state in modern times. The importance of interaction between the government and the society in the modern world is one of the most urgent tasks for young researchers and for the society as a whole. Emphasizing the importance of strengthening and developing a democratic state governed by the rule of law, researchers identify a wide range of factors that have a direct impact on the positive and effective development of interaction between the government and the society. One such factor is the model of individual-state dialogue. The study of such a dialogue from an anthropological point of view will make it possible to highlight the most successful models of interaction between the society authorities to create effective management mechanisms that affect both the quality of citizens’ life and the development of the state as a whole in a positive way. For a more detailed study of the models of building a dialogue between the individual and the state, it is necessary to consider the existing examples of interaction and analyze the historical aspects of the relationship between the society and the state. The modern practice of state and municipal governing strives to make the government more transparent and open to citizens, such a policy contributes to the maximum involvement of citizens in the public and political life of the state. The article also deals with the issues of involving citizens in the social and political life of the society; it discusses the motivational measures and the policy of the state in the field of engaging citizens in interaction and establishment of a meaningful, effective dialogue between the society and the state.
Specificity of professional careers of Rostov-on-Don residents
Authors: Posukhova Oksana
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the results of an empirical study, which was aimed at studying the specifics of the professional career for the Rostov-on-Don citizens. The article analyzes the semantic content of the career, the factors of its development, career barriers and the “career peak”. The study showed that the traditional understanding of career is expanding: a professional career is not only a status-job promotion, but also an understanding of career as a professional development in the horizontal dimension is being updated. The change in career interpretation is driven by expectations and current prospects. Effective channels play a significant role in a successful career, among which patronage still plays a decisive role. The in-depth interviews also revealed the features of ways to legitimize a career in the political, economic spheres, as well as in science and education.
Nature and culture: blurring the borders
Authors: Spirova Elvira
Published: November 2019

For many centuries, interpreting culture as something additional, constructed above nature, researchers have created the effect of their mutual alienation from one another. At present, new naturalism has undertaken the task to erase the borders between nature and culture, humans and animals. Representatives of this school oppose classical philosophical anthropology that proclaims man to be a special kind of being. The forefront of their thinking is taken by the nonhuman Other, natural world, the “thinking ocean” or the “information field of cosmic space”. The article offers a critical analysis of modern naturalistic approaches, considers the following issues: man as part of the natural kingdom or a special kind of being; the picture of the world is centered around man or develops without him; man as a product of the evolution of nature or a social creation, he is the crown of creation or a defective creature, etc. As has been shown, an attempt to avoid anthropocentrism by removing the anthropological theme as ultimately significant becomes inconsistent. The author comes to the conclusion that comprehension of man only by means of biology is impossible, and requires the expertise of the humanities as well.
Subjective well-being of teachers in modern Russian universities
Authors: Skachkova Lyudmila , Klimenko Lyudmila
Published: November 2019

Based on applied research, the article analyzes the indicators of subjective well-being of scientific and pedagogical workers of leading Russian universities. The empirical basis of the study is the results of 8 focus groups with the participation of over 60 university employees and the data of a mass survey of 246 teachers from federal universities. The concept of research on subjective well-being includes the study of a person's cognitive affective assessment of various aspects of his life. The results of the study show that among the university staff surveyed, situational positive emotions prevail over negative feelings, and the level of happiness is slightly higher than the average for the Russian population as a whole. At the level of the cognitive component, quite critical assessments by university teachers of their socio-economic status and working conditions are recorded. However, the importance of economic well-being for university staff is inferior to the values of interesting work, realization of abilities, and recognition of colleagues and students. At the same time, modern education reforms can negatively affect the professional well-being of university employees, as the workload is growing the risks are increasing with the risks of switching to a part-time job or job loss.
Complex sociotechnical systems as a subject of constructivist epistemology research: a descriptor of subjectivity
Authors: Korotets Igor , Podshibyakina Tat'yana , Fedoseenkov Alexandr
Published: November 2019

Epistemology began to show some signs of crisis, it touched its scientific paradigm: the object. subject, method, as well as its social relevance. In society, there was a request not only to obtain knowledge about knowledge, but also to use knowledge management technologies as a consumer of information, which is due to the rapid growth of the number of Internet users and its autonomy and independence. The aim of the work is to consider in the subject field of epistemology of technical networks (Internet) as an independent actor and an element of a special sociotechnical system; analysis of the activities of network social actors to establish control over the process of social cognition through knowledge management and attitudes. Bruno Latour's "actor-network theory" (ANT) was chosen as the research method it allows to give theoretical and methodological substantiation of the descriptor of subjectivity of networks in complex sociotechnical systems. The paper assesses the technical networks (Internet) as an independent actor of the sociotechnical system and describes their functioning in this capacity. The analysis of such a sphere in the subject area of epistemology as knowledge management, little studied, but extremely relevant in connection with the perception of the global Internet as a fairly independent area of life of network communities and new network media. It is concluded that a promising direction for modern constructivist epistemology is the study of the problems of establishing control over the production, transfer and accumulation of knowledge in society, as well as the negative manifestations of such control in the form of manipulation of consciousness, the use of open and hidden censorship.
Philosophy as a project: descriptors of self-knowledge
Authors: Borisov Sergey
Published: November 2019

Philosophy as a project is defined by us in practical terms, as a form of spiritual activity, spiritual practice aimed at posing, analyzing, and resolving various worldview issues related to the development of a holistic view of a person and his place in the world. The article presents the main characteristics of the philosophical project of self-knowledge, consisting in self-awareness in the present, in personal self-determination and self-transformation. These characteristics are also applicable to the educational process. The article summarizes the practical experience of building up the process of teaching philosophy based on scientific ignorance. The main factors of this process are personal interest, successful self-realization, the role of a mentor and a friendly environment. The main method is dialogue, clarifying the basic relationship of a person with being. In this context, philosophizing fulfills a therapeutic function, becoming a practice of “self-care”.
Genogrammarbeit
Authors: Hildenbrand Bruno
Published: November 2019

Mit Genogrammarbeit wird die objektive soziale Matrix 1 beschrieben, in der ein Klient sich individuiert hat. Es wird rekonstruiert, wie Vorfahren im Rahmen ihrer sozialen Matrix für Möglichkeiten und Hindernisse individuelle Lösungen gefunden haben.
Neue Lehrformen zur Förderung therapeutischer Kompetenzen
Authors: Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Dinger Ulrike , Montan Inka , Nikendei Christoph
Published: November 2019

Das gesprochene Wort ist in der Richtlinienpsychotherapie das zentrale Vehikel therapeutischen Handelns – ganz besonders in Situationen, in denen kein Standardschema das Vorgehen bestimmt, wenn es z. B. um Verstehen, Aushandeln, Mustererkennen oder das Bearbeiten von Brüchen der therapeutischen Arbeitsbeziehung geht. Am Beispiel psychodynamischer Interventionen soll gezeigt werden, wie praxisorientierte Kompetenzentwicklung mithilfe innovativer Lehr- und Lernformate erleichtert werden kann.
Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in the Adolescence: Indications and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Ploeger Milena M. , Gathen Martin , Struwe Charlotte , Placzek Richard
Published: November 2019

Proximal femoral osteotomies are common surgical interventions to treat hip deformities in pediatric orthopedics. The aim of proximal femoral osteotomies is to optimise hip containment by using varus or valgus osteotomy, flexion or extension osteotomy with shortening, lengthening or derotation of the femoral neck. Furthermore improved muscular dysbalance by enhancing the femoral offset, extension of the range of motion and pain reduction are important surgical intentions. In the long term, a proximal femoral osteotomy is meant to minimize the probability of an early osteoarthritis of the hip. In the current literature many different types of proximal femoral osteotomies are described. They can be divided concerning their anatomical localization into subcapital, base of the femoral neck, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric osteotomies. A profound knowledge about the deformity and the anatomical situation is essential to choose the appropriate osteotomy. The aim of this
review is to show the different ways of proximal femoral osteotomies and their indications after having done a selective literature research. Furthermore over the last years the osteosynthesis materials have changed from blade plates (non-locking) to locking compression plates which allow an early re-mobilization without hip spica casts.
Total Synthesis of Bacterial 5-(3-Indolyl)oxazole Alkaloids: Pimprinols A–C
Authors: Szabó Tímea , Kormány Róbert , Dancsó András , Volk Balázs , Milen Mátyás
Published: November 2019

Pimprinols A, B, and C are bacterial 5-(3-indolyl)oxazole alkaloids that have been isolated from Streptomyces sp. Lv3–13. In this paper, we report a new synthesis of pimprinol A and the first total synthesis of pimprinol B and pimprinol C. In addition, antipodes of the naturally occurring pimprinols A and C, as well as the racemates of these two alkaloids were also prepared. In the pivotal step, the 1,3-oxazole ring was constructed by a Nicolaou’s modified Robinson–Gabriel cyclization.
ERNICA Consensus Conference on the Management of Patients with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Follow-up and Framework
Authors: Dingemann Carmen , Eaton Simon , Aksnes Gunnar , Bagolan Pietro , Cross Kate M. , De Coppi Paolo , Fruithof JoAnne , Gamba Piergiorgio , Husby Steffen , Koivusalo Antti , Rasmussen Lars , Sfeir Rony , Slater Graham , Svensson Jan F. , Van der Zee David C. , Wessel Lucas M. , Widenmann-Grolig Anke , Wijnen Rene , Ure Benno M.
Published: November 2019

Introduction Improvements in care of patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) have shifted the focus from mortality to morbidity and quality-of-life. Long-term follow-up is essential, but evidence is limited and standardized protocols are scarce. Nineteen representatives of the European Reference Network for Rare Inherited Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA) from nine European countries conducted a consensus conference on the surgical management of EA/TEF.

Materials and Methods The conference was prepared by item generation (including items of surgical relevance from the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)-The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines on follow-up after EA repair), item prioritization, formulation of a final list containing the domains Follow-up and Framework, and literature review. Anonymous voting was conducted via an internet-based system. Consensus was defined as ≥75% of those voting with scores of 6 to 9.

Results Twenty-five items were generated in the domain Follow-up of which 17 (68%) matched with corresponding ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN statements. Complete consensus (100%) was achieved on seven items (28%), such as the necessity of an interdisciplinary follow-up program. Consensus ≥75% was achieved on 18 items (72%), such as potential indications for fundoplication. There was an 82% concordance with the ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN recommendations. Four items were generated in the domain Framework, and complete consensus was achieved on all these items.

Conclusion Participants of the first ERNICA conference reached significant consensus on the follow-up of patients with EA/TEF who undergo primary anastomosis. Fundamental statements regarding centralization, multidisciplinary approach, and involvement of patient organizations were formulated. These consensus statements will provide the cornerstone for uniform treatment protocols and resultant optimized patient care.
Contemporary Knee Osteotomy in the United States: High Tibial Osteotomy and Distal Femoral Osteotomy Have Comparable Complication Rates despite Differing Demographic Profiles
Authors: Delva Mona Lisa , Samuel Linsen T. , Roth Alexander , Yalçin Sercan , Kamath Atul F.
Published: November 2019

Knee osteotomies show efficacy in slowing knee osteoarthritis progression and delaying the need for total knee arthroplasty in younger patients. Despite evolutions in indications, techniques, and hardware that have improved outcomes, longitudinal trends demonstrate a decline in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) use. Unfortunately, knowledge of the current usage and complications associated with HTO and DFO is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative demographics and early complication rates of HTO and DFO. We analyzed the HTOs and DFOs performed between 2006 and 2017 using the ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database. We compared both groups for preoperative patient demographics (sex, age, race, body mass index [BMI]) and health status variables including functional scores, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores, smoking status, and other comorbidities. Emergency and elective status of the patient case, length of hospital stay, operation time, and 30-day postoperative complications were also analyzed. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 321 HTO and 295 DFO patients were included in the final analysis. The HTO group had higher proportions of younger (p < 0.001) and male (p < 0.001) patients with higher BMI (p = 0.007). Racial profiles were similar between the two groups (p = 0.575). Preoperatively, those in the HTO group had more functional independence, better physical status scores, and fewer chronic conditions (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between HTO and DFO in operative time, postoperative complications, readmission, and reoperation. HTO patients, however, had shorter hospital stays (p < 0.001). Although there are differences in preoperative and operative characteristics of HTO and DFO, early postoperative complications are similar for both groups. Therefore, HTO and DFO can be considered safe and effective treatment options for younger patients with symptomatic unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis.
Diagnostic Value of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Childhood Meningitis
Authors: Emiroglu Melike , Kesli Recep , Kilicaslan Murat
Published: November 2019

Objective Acute meningitis in childhood is a serious infectious disease that requires immediate medical assessment to ensure appropriate treatment and healthy outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of acute meningitis in children.

Materials and Methods Between February 2011 and March 2013, 258 children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were admitted to Konya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, with clinically suspected meningitis and undergoing lumbar puncture were enrolled in the study. Patient charts were reviewed using a standardized data collection tool. Fifty-nine patients were excluded because of incomplete data or because they did not meet the enrollment criteria. Further statistical analysis was conducted on the remaining 199 patients. The diagnostic values of clinical and laboratory findings for acute meningitis were investigated. IBM SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used for the statistical analysis.

Results Of the 199 patients (61.3% male; median age: 24 months), 101 (50.8%) were diagnosed with meningitis. A definitive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made in 16 patients, while 5 patients had probable bacterial meningitis. In addition, 80 patients diagnosed as aseptic meningitis and 47 of these patients had human enterovirus meningitis. Headache was more common in patients with meningitis. In patients without meningitis, the most common complaints were seizures or seizures accompanied by fever. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), levels of cerebrospinal fluid protein, and cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid examinations were higher in the meningitis group. C-reactive protein, ESR, and procalcitonin higher than 22.55 mg/L, 36.5 mm/hour, and 6.795 mg/mL, respectively, indicated bacterial meningitis.

Conclusion Our results showed that a combination of clinical and laboratory markers could facilitate recognition of bacterial meningitis in children.
Tone Reduction and Physical Therapy: Strengthening Partners in Treatment of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Franki Inge , Bar-On Lynn , Molenaers Guy , Van Campenhout Anja , Craenen Karen , Desloovere Kaat , Feys Hilde , Pauwels Petra , De Cat Jos , Ortibus Els
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to provide a clinically applicable overview of different tone reducing modalities and how these can interact with or augment concurrent physical therapy (PT). Botulinum toxin (BoNT), oral tone-regulating medication, intrathecal baclofen (ITB), and selective dorsal rhizotomy are discussed within a physiotherapeutic context and in view of current scientific evidence. We propose clinical reasoning strategies to identify treatment goals as well as the appropriate and corresponding treatment interventions. Instrumented measurement of spasticity, standardized clinical assessment, and 3D clinical motion analysis are scientifically sound tools to help select the appropriate treatment and, when needed, to selectively target or spare individual muscles. In addition, particular attention is given to strength training as a necessary tool to tackle muscle weakness associated with specific modalities of tone reduction. More research is needed to methodologically assess the long-term effectiveness of such individualized tone treatment, optimize parameters such as medication dosage, and gain more insight into the kind of PT techniques that are essential in conjunction with tone reduction.
Double superior vena cava and variation in pulmonary venous drainage - case report
Authors: M. Chimmalgi , P. Rangsubhe , S. Shanu , LV Amalasmitha , Krishnan Kavya , S. Dhanushia , Sarkar Sanju
Published: November 2019

During routine dissection for undergraduate students, two venous end cardiac anomalies were noted In a male cadaver, in addition to a normal right sided superior vena cava, a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) was seen opening into the right atrium via coronary sinus. Left brachiocephalic vein was of a small caliber. In addition, left atrium showed only two pulmonary ostia. No other cardiac anomalies were found Both these anomalies rarely cause any haemo-dynamic compromise and hence may remain asymptomatic throughout life. They are usually found as a chance finding during imaging studies or in post mortem studies as was seen in this case. However, both are known to be associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Their concomitant occurrence suggests a common timing of their development and / or a common causative agent that halted their development. Knowledge of these anomalies is invaluable for the cardiac surgeons and interventionists.
Anatomical study of variations of musculocutaneous nerve
Authors: Chitra P. S , Sobana M
Published: November 2019

Background and aim: The musculocutaneous nerve is responsible for the innervation of the flex or musculature of the elbow and the skin sensitivity from elbow to wrist by an anterior and posterior branch along the radial border of the forearm Variation in the origin, course, branching pattern and termination of musculocutaneous nerve in the arm has been often reported earlier and the present study about the variations of musculocutaneous nerve was carried out to identity more such variations in South Indian Subjects. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 40 formalin preserved cadavers i.e. 80 upper limbs. Results: Variations were found in four separate limbs, in two limbs the musculocutaneous nerve was absent (2.5%), in one limb there was a distal communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve associated with the three - headed biceps muscle (1.25%) and in one limb the musculocutaneous nerve neither pierced the coracobrachialis nor had any communication with median nerve (1.25%). Conclusion: Such anatomical variations in musculocutaneous nerve would be of value to the practicing neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, anesthetists during surgical procedures including brachial plexus block.
Gender differences in the maxillary sinus volume : a study using computed tomography scans of a sample of Tamil Nadu population
Authors: Muthukumaravel N , Manjunath K. Y.
Published: November 2019

Background and aims : Measurements of the maxillary sinus volumes in computed tomography (CT) scans can be used for determination of gender when other methods are inconclusive. Maxillary sinus dimension measurements are valuable in studying sexual dimorphism and can assist in gender determination. The radiographic images can provide adequate measurements for maxillary sinuses that cannot be approached by other means. The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the volume of the maxillary sinus between males and females of Tamil Nadu region using CT scans. Materials and methods : This study was carried out by using CT images of head region of 100 males and 100 females who underwent CT scanning for indications other than the pathology of the maxillary sinuses. The CT images obtained were of patients between 20 to 50 years of age. The maxillary sinus volume of each side were calculated by using the following formula: Maximal width X Maximal height X Maximal depth X 0.5. Comparison of data between genders and sides was done. The statistical inference was derived by applying unpaired student "t" test and the p value was obtained (p value <.05 was considered statistical significant). Results: Oncomparison of males with females, the mean volumes of maxillary sinuses on each side (left and right) had shown a statistically significant difference (p<.OOOl ). The maxillary sinus volumes of the males were found to be significantly higher than that of the females. Among males, the average mean volume of maxillary sinuses (right + left) is 15.15 ± 0.45 cm3. Among females, the average mean volume of maxillary sinuses (right + left) is 12.77 ± 1.34 em' which is significantly lesser than that of the males. Conclusion : It can be concluded that the volumes of the maxillary sinuses of males are larger than those of the females and this difference is statistically significant. Maxillary sinus dimension measurements can assist in gender determination.
Long term exposure of 900-1800 MHz mobile phone radiation on mice liver - A histological study
Authors: Mugunthan N , Samy K Shanmuga , Anbalagan J , Meenachi S
Published: November 2019

Background and aims: Rapid developments in the telephone technology has made the communication faster and easier. The duration of the usage of mobile phones has also increased beyond the limits, which has raised the public concerns about their safety. This study was designed to investigate the long term exposure of 900 MHz to 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation induced structural changes in the mice liver at histological level. Materials & methods: After approval of institutional animal ethics committee, 36 mice were exposed to 20 (900-1800 MHz) mobile phone radiation, 48 minutes per day for a period of 30 to 180 days. The sham exposed group of 36 mice were kept under similar conditions without 20 exposure. The animals were sacrificed and the liver was removed after 1-6 months. The weight and volume of liver were recorded and the liver tissue was processed for histological study. The sections were studied under light microscope for structural changes. Two groups' data were compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Liver of 20 exposed groups showed the following findings in comparison to sham exposed group: Liver parenchyma and the periportal regions were infiltrated with lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophil (mixed type of inflammation). Focal hemorrhages were found within the liver parenchyma. Hepatic sinusoids were congested and dilated. Many hepatocytes were swollen and showed pyknotic nuclei and vacuolations present in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: The long term exposure of ultra-high frequency radiation emitted from 20 cell phone can cause microscopic changes in the liver.
Effect of ligand methylation on the spin-switching properties of surface-supported spin-crossover molecules
Authors: Ossinger Sascha , Kipgen Lalminthang , Naggert Holger , Bernien Matthias , Britton Andrew J , Nickel Fabian , Arruda Lucas M , Kumberg Ivar , Engesser Tobias A , Golias Evangelos , Näther Christian , Tuczek Felix , Kuch Wolfgang
Published: November 2019

X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations of the spin-state switching of spin-crossover (SCO) complexes adsorbed on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface have shown so far that HOPG is a promising candidate to realize applications such as spintronic devices because of the stability of SCO complexes on HOPG and the possibility of highly efficient thermal and light-induced spin-state switching. Herein, we present the spin switching of several Fe(II) SCO complexes adsorbed on an HOPG surface with particular emphasis on the thermally induced spin transition behaviour with respect to different structural modifications. The complexes of the type [Fe(bpz)2(L)] (bpz  =  dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate, L  =  1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine) and their methylated derivatives exhibit SCO in the solid state with some differences regarding cooperative effects. However, in the vacuum-deposited thick films on quartz, complete and more gradual spin transition behavior is observable via UV/vis spectroscopy. In contrast to that, all complexes show large differences upon direct contact with HOPG. Whereas the unmodified complexes show thermal and light-induced SCO, the addition of e.g. two or four methyl groups leads to a partial or a complete loss of the SCO on the surface. The angle-dependent measurement of the N K-edge compared to calculations indicates that the complete SCO and HS-locked molecules on the surface exhibit a similar preferential orientation, whereas complexes undergoing an incomplete SCO exhibit a random orientation on the surface. These results are discussed in the light of molecule-substrate interactions.
First order phase transitions and the thermodynamic limit
Authors: Thiele Uwe , Frohoff-Hülsmann Tobias , Engelnkemper Sebastian , Knobloch Edgar , Archer Andrew J
Published: November 2019

We consider simple mean field continuum models for first order liquid–liquid demixing and solid–liquid phase transitions and show how the Maxwell construction at phase coexistence emerges on going from finite-size closed systems to the thermodynamic limit. The theories considered are the Cahn–Hilliard model of phase separation, which is also a model for the liquid-gas transition, and the phase field crystal model of the solid–liquid transition. Our results show that states comprising the Maxwell line depend strongly on the mean density with spatially localized structures playing a key role in the approach to the thermodynamic limit.
Short reaction times in response to multi-electrode intracortical microstimulation may provide a basis for rapid movement-related feedback
Authors: Sombeck Joseph T , Miller Lee E
Published: November 2019

Objective. Tetraplegic patients using brain–machine interfaces can make visually guided reaches with robotic arms. However, restoring proprioceptive feedback to these patients will be critical, as evidenced by the movement deficit in patients with proprioceptive loss. Proprioception is critical in large part because it provides faster feedback than vision. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a promising approach, but the ICMS-evoked reaction time (RT) is typically slower than that to natural proprioceptive and often even visual cues, implying that ICMS feedback may not be fast enough to guide movement. Approach. For most sensory modalities, RT decreases with increased stimulus intensity. Thus, it may be that stimulation intensities beyond what has previously been used will result in faster RTs. To test this, we compared the RT to ICMS applied through multi-electrode arrays in area 2 of somatosensory cortex to that of mechanical and visual cues. Main results. We found that the RT to single-electrode ICMS decreased with increased current, frequency, and train length. For 100 µA, 330 Hz stimulation, the highest single-electrode intensity we tested routinely, most electrodes resulted in RTs slower than the mechanical cue but slightly faster than the visual cue. While increasing the current beyond 100 µA resulted in faster RTs, sustained stimulation at this level may damage tissue. Alternatively, by stimulating through multiple electrodes (mICMS), a large amount of current can be injected while keeping that through each electrode at a safe level. We found that stimulation with at least 480 µA equally distributed over 16 electrodes could produce RTs as much as 20 ms faster than the mechanical cue, roughly the conduction delay to cortex from the periphery. Significance. These results suggest that mICMS may provide a means to supply rapid, movement-related feedback. Future neuroprosthetics may need spatiotemporally patterned mICMS to convey useful somatosensory information.

Novelty & Significance

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a promising approach for providing artificial somatosensation to patients with spinal cord injury or limb amputation, but in prior experiments, subjects have been unable to respond as quickly to it as to natural cues. We have investigated the use of multi-electrode stimulation (mICMS) and discovered that it can produce reaction times as fast or faster even than natural mechanical cues. Although our stimulus trains were not modulated in time, this result opens the door to more complex spatiotemporal patterns of mICMS that might be used to rapidly write in complex somatosensory information to the CNS.
High-temperature expansions and message passing algorithms
Authors: Maillard Antoine , Foini Laura , Castellanos Alejandro Lage , Krzakala Florent , Mézard Marc , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: November 2019

Improved mean-field techniques are a central theme of statistical physics methods applied to inference and learning. We revisit here some of these methods using high-temperature expansions for disordered systems initiated by Plefka, Georges and Yedidia. We derive the Gibbs free entropy and the subsequent self-consistent equations for a generic class of statistical models with correlated matrices and show in particular that many classical approximation schemes, such as adaptive TAP, expectation-consistency, or the approximations behind the vector approximate message passing algorithm all rely on the same assumptions, that are also at the heart of high-temperature expansions. We focus on the case of rotationally invariant random coupling matrices in the ‘high-dimensional’ limit in which the number of samples and the dimension are both large, but with a fixed ratio. This encapsulates many widely studied models, such as restricted Boltzmann machines or generalized linear models with correlated data matrices. In this general setting, we show that all the approximation schemes described before are equivalent, and we conjecture that they are exact in the thermodynamic limit in the replica symmetric phases. We achieve this conclusion by resummation of the infinite perturbation series, which generalises a seminal result of Parisi and Potters. A rigorous derivation of this conjecture is an interesting mathematical challenge. On the way to these conclusions, we uncover several diagrammatical results in connection with free probability and random matrix theory, that are interesting independently of the rest of our work.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Landcover Analysis of Satellite Images
Authors: Liu William Song
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for landcover analysis of satellite images. The development of remote sensing techniques makes abundant aerial color and hyperspectral imagery accessible, which brings challenges to efficient data analysis. As a powerful feature representation learning method, CNN is a good candidate for such tasks. Several pre-processing methods and network structures are investigated in this paper. They are able to achieve high accuracy on testing data. The results suggest that network proposed in this paper can be used as an accurate and efficient system to classify landcover usage.
A hydrate blockage recognition technique for natural gas pipelines based on BP neural network
Authors: Huang Yingchao , Jin Shuo , Wu Liqun
Published: November 2019

In energy industry field, hydrate blockage in natural gas pipelines has become a critical issue with an increasing demand of natural gas in the world. In this paper, a hydrate blockage recognition technique has been proposed based on BP neural network, which can recognize leakage in natural gas pipelines as well. A monitoring system has been built for trials, which mainly includes a loudspeaker and a microphone for acoustic signals transmission and reception. This paper mainly introduces wavelet packet theory and BP neural network recognition algorithm for signal analysis and recognition purpose. The reflected signals are analyzed and extracted eigenvectors by using wavelet packet transform, then a three-layer BP neural network is built and trained. Experimental results show that this technique can recognize hydrate blockage and leakage effectively.
Weighted variational regularization image dehazing algorithm based on non-local prior
Authors: Xie Bin , Huang An , Huang Hui
Published: November 2019

In hazy weather conditions, the quality of images taken outdoors will be degraded, so researching image dehazing has great practical significance. Therefore, an image dehazing algorithm based on non-local prior weighted variational regularization is proposed. Since the performance of the image dehazing algorithm depends largely on the accuracy of the estimated transmission, a classical non-local prior algorithm is first adopted to make a rough initial estimate of the transmission. Then a weighted variational regularization model is proposed to further optimize the initial transmission and solve the model by the alternating direction multiplier method. Finally, a haze-free image can be recovered directly from the atmospheric scattering model by using the optimized transmission. The experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm has higher image dehazing performance than several commonly used algorithms.
Research on Image Super-resolution Reconstruction Method Based on Improved SRCNN
Authors: Zhongcai-Huo  , Zhongdong-Wu  , Weifu-Xu
Published: November 2019

Existing image convolutional neural network based on image super-resolution algorithm has a problem of image texture blurred to improve. In this paper, we first analyze the factors of reconstructed image quality, then use the parametric rectified linear unit (PRLU) to solve the problem of over-compression in the original network. And combining the existing network models and image processing algorithms adjusts the parameters of the neural network, The network model of 9-1-5 in Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) is improved to a three-layer model of 5-3-5. The number of convolution cores in the first and second layers is adjusted to 32, and the magnification is increased by four times from three times. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out on DIV2K dataset in NTIRE2017. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good super-resolution results, and the subjective visual effect and objective evaluation indices are both improved obviously. The image super-resolution technology has great application demand in the fields of video surveillance, virtual scene restoration and so on. There is still a great research prospect for the image super-resolution technology.
Current status and future prospects of data leakage prevention technology: A brief review
Authors: Xuming Lv , Lina Cao , Peng Ji , Xiao Gao , Shuo Chen
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, the application environment of data information is becoming more and more complex. How to prevent the leakage of sensitive data has become an urgent practical problem to be solved in the field of information security. In this situation, data leakage protection (DLP) technology emerges, its aim is to protect sensitive data in all directions and to establish a security protection mechanism covering the whole data life cycle. Starting from the research background and basic concepts of data leakage protection, this paper reviews and summarizes the current research status and development trend of data leakage protection technology.
Super-Resolution Based on Residual Dense Network for Agricultural Image
Authors: Liu Guojiang , Wei Jiangshu , Zhu Yu , Wei Yi
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of convolutional neural network in image processing, its image processing performance is becoming more and more outstanding. With the development of agricultural informatization, our demand for effectively accessing to agricultural information is also increasing. For example, greenhouse image monitoring equipment for crops is only in a low level. In this paper, we propose a method to apply image super resolution to the processing of greenhouse monitoring images, and use residual dense network to enhance the learning of global and local features in agricultural images. Therefore, more detailed information can be obtained from the low resolution images. Experiments on the data sets are made from the greenhouse agriculture images, and experimental results show that our method can effectively enhance the quality of agricultural monitoring images. It can better meet the needs of agricultural monitoring.