bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wasserbedarf, Wasserversorgung und Thermoregulation kleiner Wiederkäuer bei Weidehaltung
Authors: Strobel H. , Axt H. , Voigt K. , Spengler D.
Published: January 2015

Wasser ist Grundlage des Lebens und aller Lebensvorgänge. Es wird in Form von Tränkewasser, als Wassergehalt des Futters, als Haftwasser oder als metabolisches Wasser aufgenommen bzw. verwertet. Der Wasserbedarf kleiner Wiederkäuer hängt von Futter, Klima, Leistungsstadium, Wollkleid, Haltungsbedingungen und Gesundheitszustand ab. Unterschiede im Wasser- und Stoffwechselmetabolismus, im Trinkverhalten und in den thermoregulatorischen Fähigkeiten ergeben sich weiterhin durch Tierart, Rasse, Produktionsrichtung, Haltungsform, Akklimatisation und Adaptation. Kleine Wiederkäuer wurden und werden vorwiegend extensiv gehalten. Dadurch sind sie sowohl geno- als auch phänotypisch an diese Bedingungen adaptiert und akklimatisiert. Sie verfügen über ein umfangreiches Instrumentarium physiologischer Mechanismen und Verhaltensmuster, um mit ungünstigen oder nicht optimalen Witterungsbedingungen zurechtzukommen. Die Frage der ausreichenden Wasserversorgung für Schafe und Ziegen unter verschiedenen Haltungsbedingungen wird kontrovers diskutiert und bewertet, wobei häufig Unterschiede zwischen theoretischen Forderungen und Erfahrungen in der Praxis auftreten. Um die Beurteilung zu versachlichen, wurde die Literatur zur Wasserversorgung und zu thermoregulatorischen Mechanismen kleiner Wiederkäuer gesichtet und thematisch zusammengefasst.
Qualidade de Vida e Sobrecarga de Cuidadores de Crianças com Câncer
Authors: Andrade Samkya F. de O. , Alves Railda F. , Melo Myriam de O. , Rodrigues Maria J.
Published: February 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a relação entre a qualidade de vida e a sobrecarga em cuidadores de crianças portadoras de neoplasia e assistidas em uma casa de apoio. A metodologia foi quantiqualitativa com a utilização de multimétodos de pesquisa. Os participantes (N = 23) foram os cuidadores dos pacientes acompanhados pela Casa de Apoio à Criança com Câncer. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala Whoqol - Bref, a Escala Zarit e uma entrevista por pautas. A análise dos dados se deu pela estatística descritiva e pela análise da enunciação. Os resultados apontam uma amostra essencialmente feminina (95,7%); sendo 82,6% formada pelas mães. A maioria apresentou sobrecarga intensa (54,5%). O domínio de maior prejuízo foi o psicológico (53,98). As entrevistas confirmaram os dados obtidos nas escalas e mostraram mudanças significativas na vida dos cuidadores e da família, com prejuízo marcadamente para a vida social e a relação de trabalho. Os cuidadores sentem-se sobrecarregados, mas a sobrecarga permanece velada, já que a sua manifestação pode revelar emoções e sentimentos de culpa, difíceis de serem admitidos e elaborados.
Geoquímica de solos do pantanal norte, Mato Grosso
Authors: Coringa Elaine de Arruda Oliveira , Couto Eduardo Guimarães , Torrado Pablo Vidal
Published: February 2015

A caracterização e análise geoquímica de solos permitem compreender os processos de migração, dispersão e concentração de elementos químicos no perfil, embasando a correlação dos atributos deles com as classes de solos formadas, o que possibilita inferências acerca das gêneses desses solos. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos caracterizar e interpretar a composição geoquímica total de elementos maiores e menores em classes de solos representativas do Pantanal norte, na sub-região de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram selecionados 20 perfis das principais classes de solos do Pantanal e analisadas amostras dos horizontes A e B (ou C) quanto à concentração de óxidos totais por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X, além das caracterizações física, química e mineralógica. Os solos subdividiram-se em dois tipos geoquímicos: um composto por textura arenosa a franco-arenosa com teores relativamente elevados de SiO2 e predominância de caulinita e quartzo, com menor teor de bases e elementos-traço; e outro composto por textura mais argilosa, geoquimicamente heterogêneos e com teores significativos de minerais 2:1, Al2O3, óxidos de Fe e Mn, bases e elementos-traço.
Efeitos teratogênicos de Prosopis juliflora em ratos e análise da toxicidade das vagens
Authors: Medeiros Marcia A. , Riet-Correa Franklin , Dantas Francelícia P.M. , Santos José R.S. , Medeiros Rosane M.T.
Published: February 2015

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os possíveis efeitos teratogênicos de Prosopis juliflora, verificar se existe perda da toxicidade entre vagens armazenadas e recém-coletadas e determinar se existe diferença de toxicidade entre as vagens coletadas em diferentes localidades. Trinta ratas prenhes da linhagem Wistar foram separadas, aleatoriamente, em cinco grupos: um controle (G1) e quatro experimentais (G2, G3, G4 e G5). Os animais dos grupos G2 e G3 foram alimentados com ração contendo 70% de vagens de P. juliflora recém-coletadas em dois municípios diferentes. Os grupos G4 e G5 foram alimentados com ração preparada com vagens das mesmas procedências, porém armazenadas por um período de 6 meses. O grupo controle recebeu ração sem vagens de P. juliflora. No grupo controle o número de malformações por ninhada (1,16 ± 0,98) foi significativamente menor do que os dos grupos experimentais (14,00 ± 2,96, 6,16 ± 2,22, 7,66 ± 2,94 e 4,66 ± 1,63 para os grupos G2, G3, G4 e G5, respectivamente) indicando que a planta é teratogênica. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na frequência de malformações e no número de fetos nascidos entre os grupos que receberam vagens de diferentes localidades. No entanto, o número de malformações nos grupos que receberam as vagens recém-colhidas (65,80 ± 21,20 a, 67,59 ± 18,10 a), foi significativamente maior que o observado nas ratas que receberam as vagens após o armazenamento (35,74±10,10b, 21,85±5,13c) sugerindo que o efeito teratogênico da planta diminui durante o armazenamento. Conclui-se que as vagens de P. juliflora são teratogênicas para ratas Wistar e que a fetoxicidade das mesmas diminui com o armazenamento.
Spatial distribution of the amazon river prawn Macrobrachium Amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) in two perennial creeks of an estuary on the northern coast of Brazil (Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará)
Authors: Bentes BS. , Martinelli JM. , Souza LS. , Cavalcante DV. , Almeida MC. , Isaac VJ.
Published: February 2015

Macrobrachium amazonicum is the most frequently consumed freshwater crustacean by river communities of the Amazon. Despite its relative abundance and vast knowledge on the species from data on cultivated specimens, little is known regarding its biology in the natural environment, especially its use of creeks that are strongly influenced by the tide. Specimens of Macrobrachium amazonicum were collected in September 2006 (dry season) and March 2007 (rainy season) from two perennial creeks of the Guajará Bay in the state of Pará (northern Brazil), using traps similar to the matapis used by local fishermen to identify the spatial distribution of the species. Shrimps of all sizes use the tidal creeks in both seasons, including for breeding purposes. The greatest abundance of the species occurred in headwater areas and in the dry season. It is suggested that abundant allochthonous organic matter and the preference for protected areas may explain the abundance and breeding activity of this species in the headwaters of the creeks.
Application of water quality biological indices using diatoms as bioindicators in the Gravataí river, RS, Brazil
Authors: Salomoni SE. , Rocha O. , Hermany G. , Lobo EA.
Published: February 2015

The Gravataí river situated in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre has an area of approximately 2.020 km² and provides public water supply to about 500,000 inhabitants in 5 municipalities (latitude 29° 45'-30° 12' S; longitude 50° 27'-51° 12' W). The river basin has two regions with distinctive characteristics of occupation: the upper course shows intensive farming and the lower course presents urban and industrial uses. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality in the Gravataí River (RS, Brazil) by using physical, chemical and microbiological variables, and the water quality biological indices (WQBI) formulated for southern Brazilian rivers based on epilithic diatom communities as indicators. For comparison purposes, a local WQBI, called the Gravataí WQBI, was also used where species were given new saprobic values (s) and indicative values (vi) according to their occurrence and abundance in the river, using multivariate analytical techniques. The biological samples were taken every three months at six stations along the Gravataí River between September 2000 and August 2002. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the water indicated a pollution gradient down the river, from the headwaters to the mouth, detected mainly by considering a significant decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen and turbidity, as well as a significant increase in BOD5, total nitrogen, ortho-phosphate and thermotolerant coliforms. Comparing the results obtained, differences were found regarding the predominant pollution levels as higher in the Gravataí WQBI, although both corroborated a tendency for the contamination gradient to increase from the headwaters to the mouth. Given the local anthropic changes, it is of great importance to continue the study of diatom species tolerance to organic pollution and eutrophication in different lotic systems of the region.
The Millard Rotation-Advancement Cleft Lip Repair: 50 Years of Modification
Authors: Roussel Lauren O. , Myers Rene P. , Girotto John A.
Published: February 2015

Since its inception in 1955, Millard's rotation-advancement repair has been one of the most popular techniques used in the care of patients with a cleft lip. Over the past half century, Millard's repair has evolved and laid the foundation for many other repair techniques that have followed in its footsteps. This publication compares Millard's rotation-advancement technique to the various repairs used today. The purpose of this article is to lend perspective as to the impact of Millard repair over the past 50 years in the treatment of cleft lip.
Dichloromethane fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract induce apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
Authors: Hosseini Behnaz-Alsadat , Pasdaran Ardalan , Kazemi Tohid , Shanehbandi Dariush , Karami Hadi , Orangi Mona , Baradaran Behzad
Published: January 2015

Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy among women, especially in developing countries. A large number of anticancer agents with herbal origins have been reported. Hence, herbals may play an essential role in prevention and treatment of cancers. We investigated cytotoxic effects of dichloromethane fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The cytotoxic activity of Scrophularia oxysepala fractions on the MCF-7 cells was assessed using Trypan Blue dye exclusion and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. In addition, apoptosis induction was determined using TUNEL (terminal deoxy transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick- end labeling) assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was also used for analyzing the changes in Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 genes’ expression. Results revealed an effective inhibition of growth and viability in MCF-7 cells treated with dichloromethane fractions. Cell death assay and DNA fragmentation analysis using the TUNEL test confirmed the induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line. Further, the fractions have resulted in an increased expression of Caspase-3and Caspase-9 mRNA, which highlights the possibility of apoptosis in the treatments. The expression study of Caspase-9 mRNA confirmed that, the fractions have triggered apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. In summary, fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract were found to be promising in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons
Authors: Cano Grégory , Mouahid Adil , Carretier Emilie , Guasp Pascal , Dhaler Didier , Castelas Bernard , Moulin Philippe
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study is to apply the membrane bioreactor technology in an oxidation ditch in submerged conditions. This new wastewater filtration process will benefit rural areas (<5,000 population equivalent) subject to chronic water shortages by reusing this water for irrigation of green areas. For this purpose, the membranes developed without support are immersed in an aeration well and work in suction mode. The development of the membrane without support and more precisely the performance of spacers are approached by computational fluid dynamics in order to provide the best compromise between pressure drop/flow velocity and permeate flux. The numerical results on the layout and the membrane modules' geometry in the aeration well indicate that the optimal configuration is to install the membranes horizontally on three levels. Membranes should be connected to each other to a manifold providing a total membrane area of 18 m². Loss rate compared to the theoretical throughput is relatively low (less than 3%). Preliminary data obtained by modeling the lagoon provide access to its hydrodynamics, revealing that recirculation zones can be optimized by making changes in the operating conditions. The experimental validation of these results and taking into account the aeration in the numerical models are underway.
Spatial–temporal distribution of phthalate esters from riverine outlets of Pearl River Delta in China
Authors: Li Ting , Yin Pinghe , Zhao Ling , Wang Guifang , Yu Qiming Jimmy , Li Huanyong , Duan Shunshan
Published: January 2015

The aquatic environments of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China have been contaminated by various industrial chemicals from local industries. In this study, the spatial–temporal distribution of six priority phthalate esters (PAEs) in surface water and sediments from the PRD was investigated. The PAEs were detected with total concentrations (Σ6PAEs) ranging from 0.35 to 20.70 μg L−1 in surface water and dry weight ranging from 0.88 to 5.69 μg g−1 in sediments. The Σ6PAEs concentrations in surface water were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season, while the opposite pattern was observed in sediments. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant congener, which was higher than those reported in the literature. Risk quotients for relevant aquatic organisms were obtained and showed that most of these PAEs, in particular, butyl benzyl phthalate, DEHP and di-n-octyl phthalate, have significant potential health and ecological risks for the aquatic environment studied.
Photoreactivation and subsequent solar disinfection of Escherichia coli in UV-disinfected municipal wastewater under natural conditions
Authors: Schmidtlein F. , Lübken M. , Grote I. , Orth H. , Wichern M.
Published: January 2015

Photoreactivation of ultraviolet (UV)-disinfected wastewater of different qualities was experimentally assessed. Photoreactivation ability of secondary effluent and microstrained inflow was analyzed in different samples of 50 mL (Petri dish) and 7,000 mL volume to describe open channel effluent situations of wastewater treatment plants in a more realistic approach. The small sample of secondary effluent revealed a total log10 inactivation of 1.8 units and the small sample of microstrained inflow a total log10 inactivation of 3.2, with an applied UV-254 fluence of 84 and 253 J/m², respectively. Maximum net photoreactivation for secondary effluent and microstrained inflow was in the order of 1.2 log10 and 0.37 log10 units, respectively, for both sample sizes. However, significantly faster photoreactivation performance was generally determined for small sample volumes. The photoreactivation processes were completely compensated for by solar disinfection within a 120 min exposure time. Solar disinfection processes were negligible in the larger sample volumes of microstrained inflow. For municipal wastewater treatment systems with open channel effluents, it is essential to take into consideration the dependence of solar UV-365 fluence rate on water depth and wastewater characteristics.
Biosorption of aquatic copper (II) by mushroom biomass Pleurotus eryngii: kinetic and isotherm studies
Authors: Kan Shi-Hong , Sun Bai-Ye , Xu Fang , Song Qi-Xue , Zhang Sui-Fang
Published: January 2015

Biosorption is an effective method for removing heavy metals from effluent. This work mainly aimed to evaluate the adsorption performance of the widely cultivated novel mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, for the removal of Cu(II) from single aqueous solutions. Kinetics and equilibria were obtained using a batch technique. The sorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the adsorption equilibria are best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption process is exothermic because both the Langmuir-estimated biosorption capacity and the heat of adsorption estimated from the Temkin model decreased with increasing tested temperature. Based on the adsorption intensity estimated by the Freundlich model and the mean adsorption free energy estimated by the Dubinin–Radushkevich model, the type of adsorption is defined as physical adsorption. The biomass of the macro-fungus P. eryngii has the potential to remove Cu(II) from a large-scale wastewater contaminated by heavy metals, because of its favorable adsorption, short biosorption equilibrium time of 20 min and remarkable biosorption capacity (15.19 mg g−1 as calculated by the Langmuir model). The adsorbed metal-enriched mushroom is a high-quality bio-ore by the virtue of its high metal content of industrial mining grade and easy metal extractability.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Subjects with Successful and Failing Dental Implants. A Pilot Study
Authors: Koukos Georgios , Papadopoulos Christos , Tsalikis Lazaros , Sakellari Dimitra , Arsenakis Minas , Konstantinidis Antonios
Published: January 2015

Objectives :

To investigate the prevalence of the bacterial genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole respectively, in subjects with successful and failing dental implants and to assess the presence ofStaphylococcus aureusand themecAgene encoding for Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in the same samples.

Materials and Methodology:

The subject sample included 20 participants with clinically healthy osseointegrated implants and 20 participants with implants exhibiting peri-implantitis. Clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe, samples were collected from the peri-implant sulcus or pocket and analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction forblaTEM, tetM, tetQandnimgenes,S. aureusand MRSA using primers and conditions previously described in the literature.

Results:

Findings have shown high frequencies of detection for both groups for the tetracycline resistance genestetM(>30%),tetQ(>65%) with no statistical differences between them (z-test with Bonferroni corrections,p<0.05). TheblaTEMgene, which encodes resistance to beta-lactams, was detected in <15% of the samples. Thenimgene, which encodes resistance to metronidazole,S.aureusand themecAgene encoding for MRSA were not detected in any of the analyzed samples.

Conclusions:

Healthy peri-implant sulci and peri-implantitis cases often harbor bacterial genes encoding for resistance to the tetracyclines and less often for beta-lactams. Thus, the antimicrobial activity of the tetracyclines and to a lower extent to beta-lactams, might be compromised for treatment of peri-implantitis. Since no metronidazole resistance genes were detected in the present study, its clinical use is supported by the current findings.S.aureusmay not participate in peri-implant pathology.
Increasing Neuroradiology Exam Volumes On-Call Do Not Result in Increased Major Discrepancies in Primary Reads Performed by Residents
Authors: Verdoorn Jared T , Hunt Christopher H , Luetmer Marianne T , Wood Christopher P , Eckel Laurence J , Schwartz Kara M , Diehn Felix E , Kallmes David F
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose:

A common perception is that increased on-call workload leads to increased resident mistakes. To test this, we evaluated whether increased imaging volume has led to increased errors by residents.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review was made of all overnight neuroradiology CT exams with a primary resident read from 2006-2010. All studies were over-read by staff neuroradiologists next morning. As the volume is higher on Friday through Sunday nights, weekend studies were examined separately. Discrepancies were classified as either minor or major. “Major” discrepancy was defined as a discrepancy that the staff radiologist felt was significant enough to potentially affect patient care, necessitating a corrected report and phone contact with the ordering physician and documentation. The total number of major discrepancies was recorded by quarter. In addition, the total number of neuroradiology CT studies read overnight on-call was noted.

Results:

The mean number of cases per night during the weekday increased from 3.0 in 2006 to 5.2 in 2010 (p<0.001). During the weekend, the mean number of cases per night increased from 5.4 in 2006 to 7.6 in 2010 (p<0.001). Despite this increase, the major discrepancy rate decreased from 2.7% in 2006 to 2.3% in 2010 (p=0.34).

Conclusion:

Despite an increase in neuroradiology exam volumes, there continues to be a low major discrepancy rate for primary resident interpretations. While continued surveillance of on-call volumes is crucial to the educational environment, concern of increased major errors should not be used as sole justification to limit autonomy.
Effect of Postmining Waters on Cyanobacterial Photosynthesis
Authors: Medová Hana , Přikryl Ivo , Zapomnělová Eliška , Pechar Libor
Published: January 2015

New waterbodies have been created in a postmining area of the brown‐coal basin in Sokolov, Czech Republic. The former open‐cast quarry, Medard, has been filling with water from a local river, the surrounding catchment spoil heaps, and acid mine drainages. The effect of acidic (pH down to 2.5) and high‐conductivity water (up to 1400 mS/m) on selected cyanobacteria and the possibility of cyanobacterial water bloom in the newly formed Lake Medard were studied by means of chlorophyll fluorometry (actual photosystem II [PSII] quantum yield, ΔF/, and relative electron transport rate, rETR). The acidic spoil‐heap waters caused a decrease in cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity of 52 to 100% of the initial ΔF/ value. The Dolichospermum strains were about 10 times more sensitive than Microcystis viridis. The high concentration of dissolved ions appeared to have less effect on cyanobacterial PSII. Although the bottom meta‐ and hypolimnion layers were proven to negatively influence the cyanobacteria, the perennial stratification of the lake does not enable the water characteristics of the upper layers to change extensively and thus possibly suppresses the undesirable cyanobacterial bloom. The response of cyanobacteria to spoil‐heap waters appears to be species‐specific and can promote selection of those resistant to postmining environments.
Studies on efficiency of RAPD primers in developing molecular profiles for genetic purity studies in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars
Authors: Kumar Sanjay
Published: January 2015

Major advances have recently been made in our understanding of soybean
genetics and of the application of new technologies to soybean improvement.
Estimates of genetic relationships on the basis of the enzymes and molecular
markers have been shown to be consistent with expectations based on origin
and pedigree information. To identify efficient markers, that are to be used
for genetic purity studies, polymorphism is the basic criterion. RAPD has
been found to be an effective and efficient tool to evaluate and reveal
genetic polymorphism in several crop species. In present study a total of 80
RAPD primers were screened, out of which 37 gave amplification and only 30
primers showed unambiguous DNA profile. Out of these 30 primers, 22 gave
polymorphic banding patterns. It is evident from the result that, 30/80
primers tried (38%) provided unambiguous amplification and out of 30 primers,
22 primers (73%) were found to be polymorphic. Scorable 30 RAPD primers led
to amplification of 120 fragments out of which 81 (67.5%) bands were found to
be polymorphic. On an average, we got 4 bands per primer and 15 primers (50%)
have been found to produce more number of bands than the average value which
is encouraging. 8 primers were found to give 100% polymorphisms. Our results
are indicative of the efficiency of RAPD primers towards development of
molecular profiles.
IRAP and REMAP-based assessment of genetic diversity in chickpea collection from Iran
Authors: Aghaali Zahra , Ghadmizadeh Morteza , Abdollahi-Mandoulakani Babak , Bernousi Iraj
Published: January 2015

Retrotransposons (RTN) make a significant contribution to the size,
organization and genetic diversity of their host genomes. Several RTN
families have been identified in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and other
closely related species. In the current research, integration activity and
insertional polymorphism of the RTNs CARE1, Tms1Ret1, TPS and LORE were
studied in 64 chickpea accessions collected in Iran using inter
retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and
retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) techniques.
Results indicated that all RTNs studied, are transpositionally active in
chickpea genome and amplified scorable and polymorphic banding pattern. Among
the RTN families used, the highest percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) was
produced by TPS family (81.82%). Totally, 129 loci were amplified using 18
IRAP and REMAP primers which 83 (64.34%) were polymorphic. The Dice genetic
similarity coefficients among accessions ranged from 0.84 (accessions Tj48
and Ba4) to 0.98 (accessions Ka30 and Urm61), averaging 0.93. The parameters
of expected heterozygosity (He), Shannon?s information index (I) and number
of effective alleles (Ne) were the highest for Urmia accessions. Cluster
analysis based on UPGMA algorithm and Dice similarity coefficient categorized
the 64 accessions in 7 main groups. The mean Fst values of all groups except
for groups IV and VII, were lower than 0.20, demonstrating no clear
differentiation among the groups, no genetic structure of the studied
chickpea collection and probably occurrences of gene flow among the origins.
In conclusion, although RTN-based markers were able to differentiate the
chickpea accessions but the measured relative genetic similarity among
accessions were not correlated with geographical distances between places of
their origins.
Genotype × environment interactions and phenotypic stability for wheat grown in stressful conditions
Authors: Banjac Borislav , Mladenov Velimir , Dimitrijevic Miodrag , Petrovic Sofija , Bocanski Jan
Published: January 2015

The objective of this study was to present the results of experiment
conducted on 11 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 1 cultivar of
triticale (Triticosecale W) on stressful conditions of halomorphic solonetz
in Kumane, Banat, Serbia. Across three growing seasons genotypic variability,
monitoring of phenotypic variation and genotype by environment interaction
(GEI) for number of grains per spike and yield was studied. The cultivar were
grown in field trails of control treatment and treatments with measures
repairs solonetz using phosphogypsum in the amount of 25 t?ha-1 and 50
t?ha-1. GEI was tested using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative
Interaction) model. The expression of tested traits were statistically
significant and showed additive and non-additive sources of variation. The
first source of variation, quantified IPCA1 axis explained most of the
structure of GEI.
Sequential path analysis for determining interrelationships between yield and related traits in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under normal and abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Bayat Mahdi , Darvishzadeh Reza , Soleimani Farough , Alavi Seyyed
Published: January 2015

In the present work the relationships between yield and its related traits
were investigated in tobacco genotypes under normal and abiotic stress
conditions (Orobanche aegyptiaca weed) at Urmia Tobacco Research Centre,
Iran, during 2006-2009 cropping seasons. The experimental design was a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in each
condition every year. Analysis of variance revealed extent genetic
variability among the genotypes for most of the traits studied. In comparison
with normal condition, the mean value of studied traits decreased in stress
condition. LAI and FD showed the maximum and minimum diminution in the mean
values under stress condition compared to normal one so known as more
sensitive and more tolerant traits, respectively. Based on CV values, the
traits FD and DLYP showed the minimum and maximum variation among traits in
both normal and stress conditions. Correlation analysis revealed significant
and positive correlations between DLYP with all studied traits in both normal
and stress conditions. Path analysis detected the traits including biomass,
APDW and DWR as the first-order variables at normal condition and biomass,
APDW, DWR and harvest index as the first-order variables under abiotic stress
condition. Based on results, the traits such as biomass, APDW, DWR detected
as more important factors in both conditions can be used in tobacco breeding
programs for increasing yield. Abbreviation: aerial part fresh weight without
leaves weight (APFW), aerial part dry weight without leaves weight (APDW),
biomass (BIO), coefficient of variation (CV), dry weight of root (DWR),
flowering date (FD), fresh weight of leaf (FWL), fresh weight of root (FWR),
harvest index (HI), leaf area index (LAI), dry leaf yield per plant (DLYP),
number of leaf (NL), plant height (PH), randomized complete block design
(RCBD), standard deviation (Std).
High resolution karyotype of thai crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Fan Xiaobo , Tanomtong Alongkoad , Chaveerach Arunrat , Pinthong Krit , Pornnarong Siripiyasing , Supiwong Weerayuth , Liehr Thomas , Weise Anja
Published: January 2015

Comparative chromosome banding analysis and/or fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) studies are established approaches to compare human and
ape chromosomes. FISH-banding is a relatively new and not routinely applied
method suited very well to provide to a better understanding of the
evolutionary history of primate and human phylogeny. Here multicolor banding
(MCB) applying probes derived from Homo sapiens was used to analyze the
chromosomes of Thai crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The results
agree with those of previous studies in other macaques, e.g. Macaca sylvanus
or Macaca nemestrina. This result pinpoints, that morphological differences
within the Ceropithecoidae must be founded rather in subchromosomal changes
or even in epigenetics than in gross structural alterations.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield component in some of broad bean (Vicia faba l.) genotypes
Authors: Sharifi Peyman
Published: January 2015

Faba bean is a grain legume and grown for its high protein content in the
seed. It is also serves as a rotational crop which play great role in
controlling disease epidemics in areas were cereal mono-cropping is abundant.
Yield in faba bean, similar to the other crops, is a complex trait and
constitute by many of morphological and physiological traits. This study was
carried out during 2011-12 and 2012-13 in two region of Iran including Guilan
and Lorestan provinces. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized
complete block design with three replications and ten genotypes. The results
of combined analysis of variance indicated that the studied genotypes
differed significantly for all of the studied traits. The results indicated
also environment effect and environment ? genotype interaction effects were
significant or highly significant for all of the traits. The highest seed
yield were determined for genotype 1 (3159.9 and 4016.9 kg ha-1 at 2012 and
2013, respectively) in Guilan and genotype 5 (495.44 kg ha-1) in Lorestan.
The results of correlation analysis indicated that there were positive
significant correlation coefficients between seed yield and seed length (LS),
seed width (WS), pod length (PL) and hundred seed weight (HSW) in Guilan
province at two cropping season. Path coefficient analysis indicated that
traits containing number of pod per plant, number of steam per plant, pod
length, seed length/width ratio and hundred seed weight had the highest
positive direct effects on dry seed yield in studied faba bean genotypes.
Attention should be paid to some of characters such as pod length, hundred
seed weight, number of pods per plant and number of stems per plant for
augmentation of seed yield and these traits could be used as selection
criteria in faba bean breeding programs. These findings indicate that
selection for each or full of the above traits would be accompanied by high
yielding ability under such conditions. It could be concluded that the high
yielding genotypes, such as 1 and 2 could be used to improve faba beans and
making possibilities of extending production of this legume crop.
Population Based Study of Cervical Cancer Screening in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Sherpa Ang Tshering , Karki Balman Singh , Sundby Johanne , Nygard Mari , Franceschii Silvia , Clifford Gary
Published: February 2015

Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in developing countries. Hospital based data in Nepal also showed cervical cancer is most commonly occurring cancer among women in Nepal. Pap smear is the very significant screening test for reduction of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer but many developing countries failed to obtain high coverage of target population. Hence failed to achieve major impact of cervical cancer screening. National guidelines for cervical cancer and prevention in Nepal is formulated in 2010 and set target population age range of 30-60 with 50% coverage of target population with in a five years span. This study was aimed to elicit baseline survey of cervical cancer screening in a locale where resource for cervical cancer screening is easily available. Population based cross sectional study was done from October 2006 to March 2007. 1547 ever married women aged 16–59 were selected with cluster randomization procedure from Bharatpur municipalities, where BPKMCH (BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital) is located. Free cervical cancer screening was conducted in collaboration with International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) France and BPKMCH. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nepal Health Research council. Interviews were performed using a standard questionnaire to elicit required information. Out of 1033 participants 394 were 16-29 years old. Among them 117 (30%) had at least one Pap test prior coming to the clinic. 16(4%) were age 16-19, 42(11%) were age 20-24 and 59 (15%) were age 25-29. This concludes Present opportunistic cervical cancer screening in Bharatpur is directed towards screening significant proportion of women with less risk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11994Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015page : 3-8
The Interpreter Made Visible: The Politics of Translation across the panamerican ROUTES/RUTAS panamericanas Festival
Authors: Liebembuk Shelley
Published: January 2015

This article addresses the politics of translation at the 2014 the panamerican ROUTES/RUTAS panamericanas international multiarts festival on human rights in Toronto. The conference portion of the festival addressed major sociopolitical issues currently affecting the Americas, and while interpretation was not one of its themes, the interpretative labour taking place at the festival became for me a supplementary thematic permeating the discussion at large. The conversations at the festival involved scholars, artistic practitioners, and socially engaged activists from across the western hemisphere. In the hopes of enabling this Pan-American discussion, interpretation was a practical necessity and was offered across English and Spanish. While the space did deliver bilingual access, it also revealed the tensions around the act of translation: the “ease” associated with direct fluency in relation to the source text, the dynamics around language literacies and the potential entitlement attributed to certain literacies, and the inevitable frustrations around equitable access. This article hopes to examine the terms of the linguistic exchange within this particular conference space, and the necessary negotiation across the politics informing the act of interpretation toward forging a joint discursive space.
Homeland Security—That’s an American Thing
Authors:   The Queen’s Beavers
Published: January 2015

Abstract:

What do beavers do on vacation? Find out as the Queen’s Beavers explore Canada;s playground, Niagara Falls. Tourism, patriotism, gambling, border security, giant dams—what more could a beaver ask for?
Make-Believing White Civility: Historical Re-enactments at Fort Langley, British Columbia
Authors: Davies Megan
Published: January 2015

In 1858 Governor James Douglas proclaimed British Columbia a colony at Fort Langley before an audience of Hudson’s Bay Company officials, workers, and Indigenous leaders. The Proclamation dissolved the Hudson’s Bay Company trading monopoly and, while claiming to protect Indigenous lands, actually asserted British ownership of their territory. In the present, Fort Langley National Historic Site holds regular re-enactments of the Proclamation through their educational programs targeting local schools. The script for these re-enactments, authored by Parks Canada staff, allows schoolchildren to role-play a scenario in which James Douglas proclaims British Columbia a colony to protect Indigenous lands, without explicitly staging the negative consequences for Indigenous peoples that the claiming of those lands caused.

I link these two events, the 1858 Proclamation and the present-day re-enactments, by comparing the script’s content to its historical and contemporary context. I conclude that the Proclamation re-enactments become performances of recolonization when Parks Canada deceptively presents its own wry civility (Daniel Coleman). The 1858 Proclamation’s embedded civility, and its repetition and reformation in the contemporary script, the production process, and the surrounding social structure, allows colonial ideology to be physicalized, invested, and passed on to and through children at the Fort Langley National Historic Site.
Spontaneous regression of infantile dural-based non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis after surgery: case report
Authors: Miyake Yohei , Ito Susumu , Tanaka Mio , Tanaka Yukichi
Published: January 2015

The authors report the case of a large left occipital mass lesion in an 8-month-old boy who presented with seizure. Neuroimaging demonstrated an approximately 5-cm extraaxial tumor, and the patient underwent partial resection. The tumor was strongly attached to the tentorium and falx. In the postoperative course the residual lesion regressed spontaneously, and after 5 years only a slight residual tumor remained along the tentorium. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH). However, the tumor was not diagnosed as juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) because it lacked Touton giant cells. Hence, the authors described this lesion as a fibroxanthogranuloma.

Most intracraniospinal non-LCHs have been reported as JXG; however, several cases of xanthomatous tumors with histopathological features resembling those of JXG have been described as fibrous xanthoma, xanthoma, fibroxanthoma, and xanthogranuloma. Among JXG and the xanthomatous tumors, a review of the literature revealed several cases of dural-based tumors; these dural-based tumors have had favorable courses, including the case described in this report. In addition, the patient in the present case experienced spontaneous regression of the residual tumor. The authors report this unique case and review the literature on isolated intracraniospinal non-LCHs, especially in cases of dural-based lesion.
Spine fusion cross-link causing delayed dural erosion and CSF leak: case report
Authors: Rahmathulla Gazanfar , Deen H. Gordon
Published: January 2015

The past 2 decades have seen a considerable increase in the number of lumbar spinal fusion surgeries. To enhance spinal stabilization and fusion, make the construct resistant to or stiffer for axial stress loading, lateral bending, and torsional stresses, cross-links and connectors were designed and included in a rod-screw construct. The authors present the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented 11 years after undergoing an L4–5 decompression and fusion in which a pedicle screw-rod construct with an integrated cross-link was designed to attach onto the pedicle screws. The patient's response at the time to the initial surgery was excellent; however, at the time of presentation 11 years later, she had significant postural headaches, severe neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy. Imaging revealed canal compression across the instrumented levels and a possible thickened adherent filum terminale. Reexploration of the level revealed a large erosive dural defect with a CSF leak, spinal canal compression, and a thickened filum at the level of the cross-link. To the author's knowledge, such complications have not been reported in literature. The authors discuss this rare complication of spinal fusion and the need to avoid dural compression when cross-links are used.
Thermal and Structural Analysis of Mn49.3Ni43.7Sn7.0 Heusler Alloy Ribbons
Authors: Bachaga Tarek , Daly Rakia , Khitouni Mohamed , Escoda Lluisa , Saurina Joan , Suñol Joan
Published: February 2015

The martensitic transformation and the solidification structures of Mn49.3Ni43.7Sn7.0 alloy ribbons prepared by melt-spinning were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. In those experiments special attention was given to melt spinning processing parameters such as the linear surface speed of the copper wheel rotating, the injection overpressure and the distance between wheel and injection quartz tube. Transformation entropy was found higher when increasing linear surface speed or the distance from injection point to wheel. The resulting samples showed chemical compositions close to the nominal ones and, at room temperature, crystallized in a monoclinic single-phase martensite with 14M modulation (without a significant variation in the cell parameters). Strong dependence of ribbon thickness on processing parameters was found. The average grain size varied between 1.6 and 6.6 μm, while the start temperature of the martensitic temperature varied from 394 to 430 K.
MRS of Brain Metabolite Levels Demonstrates the Ability of Scavenging of Excess Brain Glutamate to Protect against Nerve Agent Induced Seizures
Authors: Ruban Angela , Biton Inbal , Markovich Arik , Mirelman David
Published: February 2015

This study describes the use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectrocopy (MRS) to monitor brain glutamate and lactate levels in a paraoxon (PO) intoxication model. Our results show that the administration of recombinant glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (rGOT) in combination with oxaloacetate (OxAc) significantly reduces the brain-accumulated levels of glutamate. Previously we have shown that the treatment causes a rapid decrease of blood glutamate levels and creates a gradient between the brain and blood glutamate levels which leads to the efflux of excess brain glutamate into the blood stream thereby reducing its potential to cause neurological damage. The fact that this treatment significantly decreased the brain glutamate and lactate levels following PO intoxication suggests that it could become a new effective neuroprotective agent.
Patterning the Stiffness of Elastomeric Nanocomposites by Magnetophoretic Control of Cross-linking Impeder Distribution
Authors: Ghosh Suvojit , Tehrani Mehran , Al-Haik Marwan , Puri Ishwar
Published: January 2015

We report a novel method to pattern the stiffness of an elastomeric nanocomposite by selectively impeding the cross-linking reactions at desired locations while curing. This is accomplished by using a magnetic field to enforce a desired concentration distribution of colloidal magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the liquid precursor of polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. MNPs impede the cross-linking of PDMS; when they are dispersed in liquid PDMS, the cured elastomer exhibits lower stiffness in portions containing a higher nanoparticle concentration. Consequently, a desired stiffness pattern is produced by selecting the required magnetic field distribution a priori. Up to 200% variation in the reduced modulus is observed over a 2 mm length, and gradients of up to 12.6 MPa·mm−1 are obtained. This is a significant improvement over conventional nanocomposite systems where only small unidirectional variations can be achieved by varying nanoparticle concentration. The method has promising prospects in additive manufacturing; it can be integrated with existing systems thereby adding the capability to produce microscale heterogeneities in mechanical properties.
Soy Isoflavones in Nutritionally Relevant Amounts Have Varied Nutrigenomic Effects on Adipose Tissue
Authors: Giordano Elena , Dávalos Alberto , Crespo Maria , Tomé-Carneiro Joao , Gómez-Coronado Diego , Visioli Francesco
Published: January 2015

Soy consumption has been suggested to afford protection from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, accumulated albeit controversial evidence suggests that daily consumption of ≥25 g of soy protein with its associated phytochemicals intact can improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic humans. However, the belief that soy foods and supplements positively impact human health has become increasingly controversial among the general public because of the reported estrogenic activities of soy isoflavones. In this study, we investigated the nutrigenomic actions of soy isoflavones (in nutritionally-relevant amounts) with a specific focus on the adipose tissue, due to its pivotal role in cardiometabolism. Young C57BL/6 mice were maintained for eight weeks under two different diet regimes: (1) purified control diet; or (2) purified control diet supplemented with 0.45 g% soybean dry purified extract (a genistein/daidzein mix). Soy isoflavones increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations and decreased triglyceride ones. Circulating leptin levels was also increased by soy consumption. Differentially expressed genes in adipose tissue were classified according to their role(s) in cellular or metabolic pathways. Our data show that soy isoflavones, administered in nutritionally-relevant amounts, have diverse nutrigenomic effects on adipose tissue. Taking into account the moderate average exposure to such molecules, their impact on cardiovascular health needs to be further investigated to resolve the issue of whether soy consumption does indeed increase or decrease cardiovascular risk.