bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trading Food for Energy? Global Evidence of Solar Projects Undermining Food Security
Authors: He Tingting , Yang Runjia , Xiao Wu , Ye Yanmei , Hu Yihua , Chen Yuwei , Sun Zhipei , Wang Kechao , Chen Wenqi , Zhang Maoxin
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is recognized as a key solution for climate mitigation and future energy demands. However, this expansion often involves significant land use, particularly on croplands, which leads to conflicts over land use and poses hidden threats to food supply. Addressing the dual challenges of food insecurity and energy demand necessitates a thorough analysis of the global impact of solar projects on cropland and food production. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal footprint of PV installations on cropland and associated food production losses; through revealing the trade-offs between energy and food, we forecast the future energy threat to food security under various scenarios. Findings indicate an exponential increase of PV installations on cropland, covering 1372 km2 or 27% of PV facilities by 2018, with over a third situated on high-yield field. The proportion of cropland occupied fluctuates and peaks at 61% in 2007, while the hotspots shift towards higher quality cropland. Food production losses from this trend reach ~4 petacalories in 2018, an amount capable of feeding 4.3 million people for a year, about one third is attributed to China’s surge in PV power. Projections up to 2050 suggest that annual food losses will escalate to ~62 petacalories, a 20,000-fold increase from 2003. Whereas implementing area- and cost-based interventions regarding PV deployment is expected to bend the food loss curve by 47% and 25%, respectively. This study presents a first global analysis of the conflicts between solar power generation and food production, alongside favorable insights for reconciling food and energy security.
Temperature annealing and aluminum atomic concentration effect on structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites powders and photocatalytic performances
Authors: Benmaamar Ferial , Ayadi Aicha , Maifi Lyes , Chari Abdelhamid , Agroui Kamel
Published: May 2024

Pure ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO- Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared with Al2O3 content of 10, 20 and 30 atomic ratios were synthetized via Sol-gel method and then calcined for 2 h at different temperature 450 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the powder as-synthetized are investigated. The methylene blue degradation reaction was used to assess the photocatalytic activities of ZnO powders. In the present work, the high purity of the nanoparticles was confirmed by EDS spectra. The XRD results show that ZnO powder has a wurtzite structure. The aluminum in composite powders leads to the appearance of the ZnAl2O4 spinel phase and increasing of annealing temperature reduce the crystallite size. The flower-like morphology was well defined in these nanocomposites with an average size in the nanometer range. Photoluminescence reveals the incorporation of aluminum into the as-synthetized nanocomposites. The optical absorption spectra have been presented the relationship between the band gap, particle size, annealing temperature, Al concentration and Urbach energy. Our result suggests that the annealing temperature 700 ⁰C can be considered as an order-disorder transition temperature. The best characteristics were present in the ZnO-30% at Al nanocomposite which give the best photoactivities.
Exploring the association between lipid-modifying drugs and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cai Gexiang , Liu Jingjing , Cai Mengsi , Shao Lianyou
Published: May 2024

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a respiratory disorder of obscure etiology and limited treatment options, possibly linked to dysregulation in lipid metabolism. While several observational studies suggest that lipid-lowering agents may decrease the risk of IPF, the evidence is inconsistent. The present Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to determine the association between circulating lipid traits and IPF and to assess the potential influence of lipid-modifying medications for IPF.
Methods
Summary statistics of 5 lipid traits (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B) and IPF were sourced from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Project Round 10. The study’s focus on lipid-regulatory genes encompassed PCSK9, NPC1L1, ABCG5, ABCG8, HMGCR, APOB, LDLR, CETP, ANGPTL3, APOC3, LPL, and PPARA. The primary effect estimates were determined using the inverse-variance-weighted method, with additional analyses employing the contamination mixture method, robust adjusted profile score, the weighted median, weighted mode methods, and MR-Egger. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) was used to confirm significant lipid-modifying drug targets, leveraging data on expressed quantitative trait loci in relevant tissues. Sensitivity analyses included assessments of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out methods.
Results
There was no significant effect of blood lipid traits on IPF risk (all P>0.05). Drug-target MR analysis indicated that genetic mimicry for inhibitor of NPC1L1, PCSK9, ABCG5, ABCG8, and APOC3 were associated with increased IPF risks, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as follows: 2.74 (1.05–7.12, P = 0.039), 1.36 (1.02–1.82, P = 0.037), 1.66 (1.12–2.45, P = 0.011), 1.68 (1.14–2.48, P = 0.009), and 1.42 (1.20–1.67, P = 3.17×10− 5), respectively. The SMR method identified a significant association between PCSK9 gene expression in whole blood and reduced IPF risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99, P = 0.043), and a trend towards a positive correlation for NPC1L1 in adipose subcutaneous tissue (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–1.00, P = 0.051). Sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of bias.
Conclusions
Serum lipid traits did not significantly affect the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drug targets MR studies examining 12 lipid-modifying drugs indicated that PCSK9 inhibitors could dramatically increase IPF risk, a mechanism that may differ from their lipid-lowering actions and thus warrants further investigation.
Novel phthalimide-pyrimidine hybrids as potent anti-tubercular agents
Authors: Shehta Wael , Alsaiari Norah A. , Farag Basant , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Youssif Shaker , Elfeky Sherin M , El-Kalyoubi Samar , Awni Nermeen
Published: May 2024

Condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 2-(6-amino-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and 2-(6-amino-2-hydrazineylpyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione afforded 2-(2-chloro-6-((3 alkylbenzylidene)amino) pyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (6a-f) and 2-(6-amino-2-(2-(arylidene) hydrazineyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (8a-f), respectively, as phthalimide-aminopyrimidine hybrids. Compounds showed a wide range of anti-tubercular activity against sensitive MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis strains, with 8f and 6a showing the highest activity. 8f and 6a inhibited sensitive M. tuberculosis with MIC =0.48 μg/ml and 0.98 μg/ml, respectively, comparable to isonizide (INH) (MIC =0.12 μg/ml). Both 8f and 6a inhibited MDR strain with MIC=1.95 μg/ml and 7.81 μg/ml, respectively, and XRD with MIC=7.81 μg/ml and 15.63 μg/ml, respectively. Both 8f and 6a could inhibit mycobacterial InhA enzyme in-vitro (IC50 =0.717±0.033µM and 1.646±0.069µM, respectively). Molecular docking simulation revealed that 8f and 6a were also capable of interacting at the catalytic site of the InhA enzyme in a manner similar to the native ligand, via binding with NAD+ and Tyr158. Compounds 6a and 8f showed physicochemical properties of oral bioavailable drug-like compounds with high gastrointestinal absorption. Predictions showed that compounds have no side effects on the CNS and no anticipated hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, or acute oral toxicity in models.
Navigating Immigrants’ Experience with the Necessity of English Language Skills in Their Workplace Earnings
Authors: Liton Hussain Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Can English language skills (i.e., oral and written) heighten useful career-boosting opportunities for immigrants in any transnational context? In overseas workplace settings, migrant workers’ communicative competence in English marks visible recognition of labor market integration and the achievement of better job positions/opportunities, which are significant determinants of better earnings. In light of these auspicious prospects, this study intends to determine Bangladeshi immigrants’ experiences and perceptions of the need for English language communication skills in the workplace because such skills enhance their earnings and labor market integration and adaptability. To this end, this study piloted a direct interview with Bangladeshi immigrants working in the city of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The interview process followed the preset interview questions (see Appendix A). The interview technique was adopted as a qualitative data collection tool. The author followed the qualitative research methods and thematic data analysis policy. The data analysis findings revealed that immigrants’ communication competence in English opens diverse career paths and enables them to integrate into the job market, better job management, and better job performance, which impacts the achievement of better job positions/opportunities, consolidating increased payment or earnings. The study also showed that migrants should prioritize bilingual skills, i.e., English, as well as the language of the (host) country beforehand any economic migration engagement. In addition, the study highlights some insightful implications based on research investigations. It is assumed that the current study will be a useful complement to the intersectional approach to economic migration as well as immigrants’ better earnings enhanced by professional English communication skills in transnational settings.
Double trouble: Implications and management of twinning in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Lauber Megan
Published: May 2024

Over the past 4 decades, twinning increased concurrently with milk production in dairy cattle, but recently appears to have plateaued, likely from the adoption of hormonal synchroniza­tion protocols. Approximately 95% of Holstein twins are dizy­gotic, making double ovulations the primary mechanism for twinning. Decreased progesterone (P4) concentrations dur­ing preovulatory follicle growth increases double ovulations. Increased hepatic catabolism of P4 because of increased feed intake associated with increased milk production provides a physiological mechanism for decreased P4 concentrations and increased double ovulations. Cows with unilateral twins have more pregnancy losses than cows with bilateral twins which were similar to cows with singletons. Selective embryo reduction followed by P4 treatment did not increase the risk of pregnancy loss for cows with unilateral twins, but increased the risk of loss for cows with bilateral twins. Twinning will likely increase concurrently with milk production over time but can be decreased using 2 approaches: 1) submitting cows to hormonal synchronization protocols that increase P4 dur­ing growth of the preovulatory follicle before timed AI; and 2) identifying twins by laterality and allowing cows with bilateral twins to continue through gestation with extra assistance at calving, while selective reduction can be attempted for cows with unilateral twins.
Human resources lessons learned
Authors: Scharping Brandon
Published: May 2024

Human resources may not be the most enjoyable topic for bovine veterinarians. However, human resource knowledge is important for building a cohesive team of veterinarians, veterinary techni­cians and office staff members who can work together effectively. The goal of this presentation is to share some lessons learned as a new practice owner in our clinic that can hopefully be beneficial to other practice owners, as well as to future practice owners. People management is difficult, and it is even more difficult if there is no structure, mentorship or effective communication.
Practice ownership – is it the right path for you?
Authors: Costello Nicole
Published: May 2024

Practice ownership has long been an expectation in large ani­mal medicine. However, with student debt loads, increasingly high ownership is something that new graduates are giving serious thought to prior to moving forward toward ownership. As animal agriculture continues to grow and evolve, young vet­erinarians need to consider their own ambitions in ownership, personal goals in both veterinary medicine and business, as well as if the practice they are looking to purchase aligns with these ambitions. Careful evaluation of a business’s culture, atmosphere and leadership can aid in making the decision if ownership is the right path for you. While the financial consid­erations are substantial and important, taking the time to have the right conversations regarding the future of the business and partner goals is just as important in creating a successful part­nership and long-term practice ownership.
OPTIMIZING VISITATION SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF FEMALES DORMOF URDANETA DISTRICT JAIL
Authors:   University of Baguio., C. Casabar Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Jail visitation services lies in recognizing the inherent value of human connection, support, and accountability in promoting rehabilitation, maintaining human rights, and fostering successful reintegration into society for incarcerated individuals. This study focused on the assessment of the visitation services offered at the Womens Dorm of Urdaneta District Jail.The study made use of mixed method of quantitative and qualitative descriptive research design among the 27 Person Deprived of Liberty in Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm. The research findings suggest that the visitation services at Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm are highly satisfactory, with an overall rating of 3.74, indicating a high level of contentment among female Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs). This underscores the exceptional quality of visitation services provided by the jail, attributed to the provision of basic and exemplary services aimed at ensuring the well-being of PDLs and their families. Despite this overall satisfaction, specific areas for improvement have been identified. The E-dalaw area received the lowest mean rating of 3.41, indicating a need for enhancement in its equipment and facilities. Additionally, concerns related to sudden visitation cancellations, vaccination requirements for children visitors, and ventilation in the visitation area highlight key challenges that require attention to further optimize the visitation experience for both PDLs and their families. Addressing these issues will contribute to maintaining and enhancing the high standard of visitation services offered by Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm.By addressing these challenges, Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm can continue to uphold its reputation for exceptional visitation services while fostering a supportive environment for rehabilitation and reintegration.
IOT-BASED WASTE COLLECTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CITIES: CASE STUDY OF PARAKOU CITY IN BENIN
Authors:   Institut Universitaire de Technologie Universite de Parakou, Benin., Ange Mousse Mikael
Published: May 2024

Waste management is a critical issue for cities around the world, and Parakou City in Benin is no exception. In this article, we propose an innovative solution to address the challenges of waste collection and management in urban areas. Our approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to create an efficient Waste Collection Management System tailored specifically for Parakou. The core of our system lies in equipping waste bins with sensors capable of detecting their filling levels. These sensors continuously monitor the status of each bin, and when a bin reaches its capacity, the system triggers an alert. This real-time data collection ensures that waste collection resources are deployed only when needed, optimizing operational efficiency and reducing unnecessary costs. The case study conducted in Parakou City highlights the significance of our IoT-based approach. Parakou faces unique challenges in waste management due to its urban landscape and growing population. With limited resources, it becomes essential to maximize the efficiency of waste collection operations. By implementing our system in Parakou, we aim to demonstrate how technology can be harnessed to tackle these challenges effectively.
Associação da proteína c-reativa com fatores de risco cardiovascular, função pulmonar e qualidade de vida em adultos jovens
Authors: Bueno Natalia Silva , Silva Pedro Henrique de Almeida , Gomes Ana Julia Ribeiro , Carvalho Carolina Silva , Moreira Eron Matheus Leite , Oliveira Sarah Rhaquel Rodrigues , Soares Viviane
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Associar a proteína c-reativa ultrassensível (PCR-US) com fatores de risco cardiovasculares, função pulmonar e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foram realizadas medidas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), mensurada a circunferência de cintura (CC), parâmetros hemodinâmicos, coleta de sangue para dosagem de PCR-US, teste espirométrico (pico de fluxo expiratório-PFE; volume expiratório forçada no primeiro segundo–VEF1) e aplicação individualizada do questionário de qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde (QVRS) Short Form – 36 (SF-36). Resultados: Dos 100 jovens avaliados, o IMC e CC foram superiores naqueles com alto risco. O PFE e a relação VEF1/CVF foram superiores nos jovens com baixo risco. Os domínios saúde mental, capacidade funcional e vitalidade (VT) foram maiores nos jovens com menor risco cardiovascular. Dos jovens com sobrepeso/obesidade, 87,5% tinham moderado e alto risco (p=0,044) e dos com CC acima do previsto, 86,7% tinham moderado e alto risco (p=0,002). Dos jovens com QVRS acima do P(50), 43,5%, 50% e 45,7% tinham baixo risco cardiovascular para os domínios capacidade funcional, estado geral de saúde e vitalidade. A PCR-US teve correlação positiva com IMC (p=0,044), enquanto a PFE (p=0,046) e a relação VEF1/CVF (p=0,002) tiveram relação inversa. Conclusão: A PCR-US apresentou relação com o IMC e CC, função pulmonar e QVRS, principalmente no que se referiu aos aspectos físicos. O controle da obesidade deve ser enfatizado e para isso, a prática de atividade física regular e a alimentação adequada podem auxiliar, inclusive na redução da resposta inflamatória crônica.
A rare case of right coronary artery dissection during routine left heart catheterization
Authors: Mirza Noreen , Purewal Vikramjit , Pater Joanna , Shah Sayed A. , Mirza Fajr , Farouji Iyad , Randhawa Preet
Published: May 2024

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective method for coronary revascularization, however, alongside its benefits, it can be accompanied by complications. Catheter induced coronary artery dissection (CICAD) is rare and the consequences can be devastating if left untreated. The incidence has been reported to be as low as 0.1%. Also, propagation of the dissection to the aortic root remains uncommon. The mechanism of dissection is related to mechanical injury to the arterial wall during manipulation with the catheter or wire. It may also occur due to injection of contrast, stenting or balloon dilation. Timely recognition is important in these cases to facilitate optimal patient outcomes which is usually accomplished with stenting. Herein, we report a rare case of a 68-year-old female with multivessel coronary artery disease who presented for routine left heart catheterization and developed catheter induced right coronary artery (RCA) dissection with propagation towards the aortic root which was treated with stenting and watchful waiting.
Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads in Guanshan River Basin based on SWAT modeling
Authors: Chen Wulin , Ma Teng , Chen Liuzhu , Liu Wenhui , Shang Ruihua , Chen Zhanqiang
Published: May 2024

This study takes Guanshan River Basin, a typical inflow river of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, as the research area, and the nonpoint source (NPS) pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated by establishing a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals were also evaluated by combining the SWAT and simple output coefficient method. The results show that the pollutant load in Guanshan River Basin contributes significantly to the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Temporally, pollutant loads were primarily concentrated in the flood season, which had a significant positive correlation with precipitation, water yield, and sediments in the abundant period. Among them, sediments were the most important driving factor, followed by water yield. Spatially, pollutant loads were mainly concentrated downstream of the basin, where cultivated land is widespread. In this regard, it is suggested that the input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock manure in cultivated land should be controlled and soil erosion downstream of the basin should be prevented to mitigate nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollution. This research offers a basis for the formulation and implementation of watershed management for the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
Comparative evaluation of different pre-treatment alternatives for granular media filters treating greywater and their ranking using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Shaikh Irshad N. , Ahammed M. Mansoor
Published: May 2024

In this study, the performance of four different pre-treatment alternatives for granular media filtration, namely, settling, aeration, coarse media filtration and chemical coagulation were compared experimentally. Further, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to compare their performance based on economic, environmental, technical and performance criteria. Performance of settling and aeration were evaluated up to 24 h duration. The coarse media filter was intermittently operated with 10 L of greywater in downflow mode while alum was used for chemical coagulation. Experimental results showed that settling up to 6 h did not show significant removal of different pollutants whereas 24 h settling resulted in moderate removal of turbidity and organic content but was not efficient in the removal of nutrients and faecal coliforms. Chemical coagulation reduced 93, 66, 48 and 97% of turbidity, COD, NH4-N and faecal coliforms, respectively from greywater but resulted in excessive sludge generation and is difficult to adopt on-site and requires skilled supervision. Coarse filtration of greywater resulted in 61, 41, 36 and 35% removal of turbidity, COD, PO4-P and faecal coliforms, respectively. Considering different criteria AHP gave coarse filtration as the best pre-treatment option to the granular media filters treating greywater.
Methodology of Organizing and Conducting Distance Olympiads in Korean as a Second Foreign Language in the Process of Professional Training of Future Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Larionova I. Yu.
Published: May 2024

In this article, the author presents the methodology of organizing and conducting distance Olympiads in Korean as a second foreign language in the process of professional training of foreign language teachers.

The purpose of the study is to examine specifics of second foreign language distance Olympiads organization in the context of professional training, main objectives of the Korean language Olympiad (increasing motivation, interest in learning Korean, exposure to Korean culture, etc.), and to analyze the main requirements for distance Olympiad tasks of the first round (tests), and tasks of the second round, which are aimed to identify the level of communication abilities. Interview, testing and observation are used as the main methods of research.

Results. The methodology proposed by the author was tested in groups of 3–4 year students of Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University (educational program 6B01703 foreign language: two foreign languages). The article presents analysis of the distance Olympiad’s results, examples of tasks for each round and the main criteria for evaluating the tasks. The requirements to the second foreign language Olympiad tasks implied: possibility of mass coverage of students with Olympiad tasks; compliance of the tasks with the curriculum; time limit; relying on the students’ experience, including their native language skills and abilities; increasing tasks complexity; variety of tasks forms and content, the tasks contents and novelty; problem nature tasks to stimulate students thinking, language guess; using authentic material for the Olympiad tasks; the use of local history and extralinguistic material. The general complexity of the tasks, and difficulties associated with the nature of the linguistic material were also taken into account.

Conclusion. According to the results of the experimental work, the author comes to the following conclusion: the leading principle of organizing distance Olympiads assumes that the university faculty will be focused on the timely identification of the future teachers’ interest to the Korean language, their involvement in preparation for the Olympiad, thus forming their interest in Korean culture and language. Olympiad assignments should be creative so that students learn to find their own ways of solving problems and develop self-education skills. Participation in the Olympiad increases students’ learning motivation, broadens their horizons, and develops their ability to express their opinions. The variety of requirements to the work of participants makes the assessment of each member of the jury quite subjective, but the collective nature of the evaluation procedure ensures correctness and objectivity of the final decision, allows participants to familiarize with the results of their work and consider appeals after each round of the Olympiad participants.
N-Silylmethyl-2-(1-Naphthyl)Acetamides: Synthesis, Structure and Computational
Screening
Authors: Soldatenko Anastasiya S. , Molokeev Maxim S. , Lazareva Nataliya F.
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of new hybrid organosilicon compounds based on the amides 1-
naphthylacetic acid was described. N-Organyl-2-(1-naphthyl)-N-[(triethoxysilyl)methyl]-
acetamides were obtained by the reaction of 1-naphthylacetyl chloride with α-silylamines
RNHCH2Si(OEt)3 (R = Me, i-Pr and Ph). Their subsequent interaction with N(CH2CH2OH)3
led to the formation of N-organyl-2-(1-naphthyl)-N-(silatranylmethyl)acetamides. The structure
of these hybrid compounds was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy.
The structure of N-methyl- and N-isopropyl-2-(1-naphthyl)-N-(silatranylmethy)acetamides
was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Results of computational screening showed
that these silatranes are bioavailable and have drug-likeness.
Synthesis of Structurally Diverse and Biologically Promising Polyheterocycles
Involving Benzo[a]phenazin-5-ols
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Singh Arvind , Priya Anu , Kaur Manmeet , Sharma Aditi
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, polyheterocyclic moieties are playing an important role in drug discovery.
Many natural products contain a wide variety of polyheterocycles. Very recently
among many other polyheterocycles, benzo[a]phenazine skeleton has gained huge attention
due to their broad range of pharmacological efficacies which include anti-plasmodial, antitumor,
antimalarial, anticancer, etc. activities. Interestingly, benzo[a]phenazin-5-ol derivatives
have been used further as a template for the synthesis of structurally diverse biologically
promising polyheterocycles under various reaction conditions. In this review, we have
summarized all the recent developments related to the synthesis of structurally diverse biologically
promising polyheterocycles involving benzo[a]phenazin-5-ol as a starting reagent
or as an intermediate.
Unveiling COVID-19’s Influence on Diet-Related Lifestyle: Insights from Google Trends Query Volumes
Authors: Micheal Patricia , Shivshetty Nagaveni , Mukherjee Jyoti , Poosarla Venkata Giridhar , Oli Ajay Kumar
Published: May 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to showcase the particular lifestyle and behavioural pattern
changes during the pandemic using Google Trends (GT).

Background:

The pandemic hit by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally has
brought basic living into the context of surprise. Since the lockdown and social restrictions, the
population has faced many changes in their daily routine.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how COVID-19 has affected eating habits
and lifestyle in India.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was carried out with the aid of Google Trend Relative Search
Volume (RSV) data obtained for interest areas, such as COVID-19 cases, symptoms, preference
of medicines, choice of nutrients, reduced physical activity, and watching varied Over-the-top media
service (OTT) platforms as the source of entertainment; these were the variables that were taken
into consideration to derive correlation coefficient values.

Results:

There was a strong positive correlation found between zinc and vitamin C, zinc and vitamin
D, and vitamin C and D, which was 0.83, 0.78, and 0.72, respectively. Symmetrical observation
has been observed in Netflix and Amazon Prime as 0.81; a notable negative correlation was
found between COVID-19 and gym as -0.32.

Conclusion:

This study can be used as a checkpoint list for future predictions and past timelines
and how they have a cohabitant role in the spread of the epidemic and its line of mitigation strategies.
Layer-by-layer Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Modified
Gold Electrodes for Direct Non-enzymatic Oxidation of Glucose
Authors: El-Said Waleed A. , Alsulmi Ahmad , Alshitari Wael
Published: May 2024

Background:

Non-enzymatic direct glucose biofuel cell is a promising technology to
harness sustainable renewable energy. Furthermore, monitoring glucose levels is essential for human
lives with age. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop highly efficient and stable modified electrodes.

Methods:

This study reported the manufacture of gold nanoparticles/polyaniline/modified gold electrodes
(Au NPs/PANI/Au electrode) based on the electrochemical polymerization method followed
by the deposition of gold nanoparticles. The shapes and chemical constitution of the electrodes were
examined by using different techniques including SEM, FTIR, XRD, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy
techniques. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the present electrodes toward direct glucose oxidation
was evaluated by applying cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry
techniques.

Results:

The results exhibited high electrocatalytic performance for direct glucose electrooxidation
in alkaline media. The modified electrodes show the ability to electrooxidation of various glucose
concentrations (1 μM ̶ 100 μM) with a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 140 nM and 424
nM, respectively. Furthermore, the Au NPs/PANI/Au electrode showed higher durability, sensitivity,
and selectivity toward glucose oxidation than the Au NPs/ Au electrode, which confirmed the role of
the PANI layer in enhancing the stability of the modified electrode.

Conclusion:

Moreover, the molar fraction of glucose to KOH has a crucial role in the output current.
Hence, the modified electrodes are great candidates for direct glucose biofuel cell application.
Stem Cell Interventions in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Madhan Shrishti , Mehta Anisha , Santoshkumar Anushka , Satishkarthik Srisri , Aruljothi K.N.
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), an inexorable neurodegenerative ailment marked by cognitive
impairment and neuropsychiatric manifestations, stands as the foremost prevailing form of dementia
in the geriatric population. Its pathological signs include the aggregation of amyloid proteins,
hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, and the consequential loss of neural cells. The etiology
of AD has prompted the formulation of numerous conjectures, each endeavoring to elucidate
its pathogenesis. While a subset of therapeutic agents has displayed clinical efficacy in AD patients,
a significant proportion has encountered disappointment. Notably, the extent of neural cell
depletion bears a direct correlation with the disease's progressive severity. However, the absence
of efficacious therapeutic remedies for neurodegenerative afflictions engenders a substantial societal
burden and exerts a notable economic toll. In the past two decades, the realm of regenerative
cell therapy, referred to as stem cell therapy, has unfolded as an avenue for the exploration of profoundly
innovative approaches to treat neurodegenerative conditions. This promise is underpinned
by the remarkable capacity of stem cells to remediate compromised neural tissue by means of cell
replacement, to cultivate an environment conducive to regeneration, and to shield extant healthy
neuronal and glial components from further degradation. Thus, this review aims to delve into the
current knowledge of stem cell-based therapies and future possibilities in this domain.
Low Doses of Kretek Cigarette Smoke Altered Rat Lung Histometric, and Overexpression of the p53 Gene
Authors: Parwanto Edy , Tjahyadi David , Sisca Sisca , Amalia Husnun , Hairunisa Nany , Edy Hosea Jaya , Oladimeji Ashaolu Victoria , Djebli Noureddine
Published: May 2024

Background

The components of kretek cigarettes include tobacco as the main part, clove, and sauce. Filtered kretek cigarettes are kretek cigarettes that have one end filtered. Cigarette smoke contributes to the disruption of the respiratory system, so it is necessary to know the effect of low doses of cigarette smoke on changes in the histometric of the respiratory system, and whether it affects p53 gene expression. This study aims to determine changes in the histometric of the respiratory system and p53 gene expression.

Methods

In this study, we used Sprague-Dawley rats. Group I of rats breathing normal air, were not exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke (as a control). Group II of rats, as a treatment group, were exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke 1 stick/day for 3 months. The results of lung histometry measurements and p53 gene expression between groups were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. The difference between groups is significant if the test results show P < 0.05.

Results

Bronchioles length, width, area, and perimeter in group I were 40.55±1.57 μm, 14.82±0.41 μm, 494.61±5.62 μm2, and 233.87±4.51 μm, respectively. Bronchioles length, width, area, and perimeter in group II were 30.76±0.78 μm, 9.28±0.40 μm, 297.32±2.53 μm2, and 177.84±5.15 μm, respectively. The area and perimeter of respiratory bronchioles in group I were 17.68±0.49 μm2, and 26.60±0.52 μm respectively, while those in group II were 19.28±0.35 μm2, and 29.28±0.35 μm, respectively. Mucus was found in the bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles in group II, however, there was no visible mucus observed in group I. In addition, it was also concluded that exposure to low doses of filtered kretek cigarette smoke, 1 cigarette/day for 3 months, increased the expression of the p53 gene in the lungs of rats.

Conclusion

The size of bronchioles in rats decreased after being exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke 1 stick/day for 3 months, while the size of respiratory bronchioles increased. In addition, exposure to filtered kretek cigarette smoke increased the expression of the p53 gene in the rat lungs.
Argument structure and semantic role analysis of English speech act verb order
Authors: Pujiyani Ni Putu Ayu , Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Sudipa I Nengah , Sukarini Ni Wayan
Published: May 2024

This study is qualitative descriptive research that examines the English speech act verb “order” in English. The purpose of this study is to analyse the argument structure and its role in semantics. The type of data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The research instrument utilized in this study is a human instrument supported by hardware such as a computer, along with software such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, as well as note-taking tools like pen and paper. Data for this study was collected using the corpus linguistics method and observation methods with note-taking techniques. The data were analysed by using the macro role theory by van Vallin & Lapolla (1997). The study results indicate that the verb "order" can have two arguments, the actor argument and the undergoer argument, and each argument can have its semantic role. The actor argument can entail the semantic role of the agent, while the undergoer argument can entail the semantic role of the theme.
A Remarkable Pt Doped CNT Catalyst as a Double Functional Material: Its Application for Hydrogen Production and Supercapacitor
Authors: Avcı Hansu Tülin
Published: May 2024

In this study, by producing bifunctional material, hydrolysis, and supercapacitor applications were investigated. The carbon nanotube-supported Pt catalyst was prepared using the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction. Surface characterization of the synthesized Pt/CNT catalyst was performed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dıstrıbutıon X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrolysis experiments were performed after deciding on the appropriate atomic ratio from the Pt/CNT catalysts synthesized in different nuclear ratios. The parameters affecting the hydrogen production from NaBH4 were examined. As a result of the kinetic calculations, the initial rates of reaction for 30°C and 60°C were calculated as 21949,69 mlH2gcatmin-1 and 70018,18 mlH2gcatmin-1. Galvastonic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as characterization techniques for the use of Pt/CNT catalysts as electrodes in supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance value of 7% Pt/CNT catalyst at 1 A/g current density was calculated as 57,78 F/g. Energy and power density were calculated as 8,025 Wh/kg and 963 W/kg, respectively. Therefore, this catalyst is called a “cap-cat” with capacitor properties. The catalyst used in this study is promising for this recently studied topic.
Scoping review of dashboards in health care: why, how, and for whom they have been developed, implemented, and evaluated (Preprint)
Authors: Helminski Danielle , Sussman Jeremy B , Pfeiffer Paul N , Kokaly Alex N , Ranusch Allison , Renji Anjana Deep , Damschroder Laura J , Landis-Lewis Zach , Kurlander Jacob E
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

While dashboards are frequently used by health systems to monitor and improve performance, little is known about their characteristics and the processes used to incorporate them into practice.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aimed to explore published literature on health care dashboards to summarize why, how, and for whom they have been developed, implemented, and evaluated.

METHODS

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception through July 2020. Studies were included if they described the development or evaluation of a health care dashboard with publication since 2015. Clinical setting, purpose (categorized as clinical, administrative, or both), and end-user were extracted for all studies. Data on dashboard development, design characteristics, implementation strategies, and evaluation were extracted only for studies published from 2018-2020.

RESULTS

Data was extracted for 199 dashboards described in 193 publications. The most common settings in which dashboards were used were inpatient (n=81/199, 40.7%) and outpatient clinics (n=68/199, 34.2%). Most dashboards had ≥2 stated purposes (n=142/199, 71.4%); of these, 97/199 (48.7%) were administrative, 68/199 (34.2%) were clinical, and 31/199 (15.6%) met both criteria. Most dashboards included front-line clinical staff as end-users (n=154/199, 77.4%). In the 118 dashboards published from 2018-2020, half involved end-users in the design process (n=59/118, 50.0%); fewer described formative usability testing (n=26/118, 22.0%) or use of any theory or framework to guide development, implementation, or evaluation (n=24/118, 20.3%). Dashboards tended to be web-based (n=41/118, 34.7%) or embedded directly into the electronic health record (n=17/118, 14.4%). Common implementation strategies used alongside dashboards included education (n=60/118, 50.8%), audit and feedback (n=59/118, 50.0%), and advisory boards (n=54/118, 45.8%). Evaluations of dashboards (n=84/118, 71.2%) were mostly quantitative (n=60/118, 50.8%), or mixed methods, combining dashboard or health record data with qualitative findings (n=18/118, 15.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Dashboards in health care have been used in diverse settings, for multiple purposes and varied end users. The complexity of many dashboards – serving many purposes and end users at once – and the frequent expectation that clinicians will use them underscores the importance of systematic design and evaluation to ensure they are having the intended outcomes. Future work is needed to identify best practices for the development, implementation, and evaluation of health care dashboards.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/34894
Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Literacy for Women (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Ying , Wei Namin , Yang Yiheng , Zhai Huaqiang
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Health is the basic condition for economic and social development, and in order to improve the quality of life of the people and make the country rich and strong, the first step is to realize a long and healthy life for the nation. To realize a long and healthy life, improving the health literacy of the nation is the way to go.

OBJECTIVE

To construct the core knowledge entries of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) health literacy for women and apply them to provide a scientific basis for the development of TCM health literacy in women.

METHODS

Taking the core knowledge entries of women's health literacy as the research object, combining with the methods of field visits and questionnaires, we investigated the cognitive level of women's health literacy of traditional Chinese medicine and the current situation of medical staff's propaganda and education. We systematically sorted through TCM gynecology ancient books, health literacy-related literature, and policy documents, and constructed a framework for the core knowledge entries of women's TCM health literacy. Through expert consensus meetings and Delphi expert consultations, the core knowledge entries of women's TCM health literacy was finally formulated and underwent preliminary population pilot promotion and feedback.

RESULTS

The core knowledge entries of women's TCM health literacy were ultimately determined, including 3 first-level knowledge entries, 18 second-level knowledge entries, 82 third-level knowledge entries, and 4 fourth-level knowledge entries. After promotion, the results of the examination of women's TCM health literacy showed that women's TCM health literacy was generally high, with 94.18% (97/103) of women possessing TCM health literacy. Among them, women with high TCM health literacy accounted for 63.11% (65/103), and the learning effect was significant. More than 91% (94/103) of the respondents were satisfied with the knowledge entries of women's TCM health literacy, and more than 93% (96/103) of the respondents believed that the knowledge entries were helpful.

CONCLUSIONS

Constructing the core knowledge entries and main contents of women's TCM health literacy and promoting and applying them is conducive to improving women's TCM health literacy.
Properties of unfired solid bricks produced primarily from thermal power plant fly ash and bottom ash
Authors: Huynh Trong Phuoc , Nguyen Van-Dung , Nguyen Vu-Linh , Le Thi-Thuong
Published: May 2024

In this study, a large amount of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) from the Nghi Son coal-fired thermal power plant in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam is used in producing unfired solid bricks. FA was utilized to substitute up to 85% (by weight) of the cement amount, while BA was used as a fine aggregate. Test results showed that all bricks produced in this study had a unit weight of 1.51 – 1.68 T/m3 and were classified as Grade M3.5 to M15. As FA replacement level increased, the unit weight, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of bricks reduced, meanwhile water absorption and water permeability increased. The quality and amount of FA used had a strong effect on the brick’s properties. When the amount of FA used was too much, a part of them did not participate in the chemical reaction but played a role as a fine aggregate.
Assessing reinforced pavement performance: Influence of geogrid position, axial stiffness, and applied stress
Authors: Nguyen Tan-Hung , Toledo Kyra Kamille A. , Huynh Trong Phuoc
Published: May 2024

This study examined the performance of pavement, considering geogrid’s position within the pavement layers, geogrid’s axial stiffness, and applied stress through the Plaxis 2D program. Results showed that the position of the geogrid has a significant effect on the pavement performance. Using geogrid at the top of the base layer produced a deformation of 2.357 mm, and one at the top of the subbase had a deformation of 2.433 mm. Thus, the use of geogrid on the top of the base layer could provide the highest effectiveness on the pavement performance. Additionally, the geogrid’s axial stiffness had a slight impact on the performance of reinforced pavement. When the axial stiffness increased 2.5 times, the deformation of the pavement decreased only about 0.061 mm. The response of the stress-strain of the reinforced pavement was found to be nonlinear for the static applied stress and to be linear for the dynamic applied stress. The results obtained in this study were theoretically extracted using finite element analysis and the discussions were based on those. Therefore, further studies for the pavement reinforced with geogrid by experiments in the laboratory and on-site should be carried out to understand the impact of geogrid on pavement performance.
Enhancing riverbank stability: A case study on soil improvement through Jet grouting along Can Tho riverbank
Authors: Pham Huu Ha Giang , Le Hai Tri , Phan Thanh Ngoc Phuong , Nguyen Truong Phat , Tran Hoang Nam , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Hoang Vi Minh
Published: May 2024

Soil cement mixing (SCM) using a high-pressure grouting method (Jet grouting), considered an improvement solution for soft soil has been popular in countries, especially in Japan and other countries in Northern Europe. However, the implementation of Jet grouting is still quite modest in the Mekong Delta. In this study, the depth effect on the compressive strength of soil-cement mixing is conducted at the Can Tho River embankment project. The results show that the uniformity of SCM depends on the cement content. The higher cement content gives a better distribution of compressive strength from the bottom to the top of SCM. In this study, the cement content of 400 kg/m3, considered the suitable content for the Jet-grouting method in Can Tho, is much higher than in (TCVN 9906:2014).