bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systems Biology of Recombinant 2G12 and 353/11 mAb Production in CHO-K1 Cell Lines at Phosphoproteome Level
Authors: Sulaj Eldi , Sandell Felix L. , Schwaigerlehner Linda , Marzban Gorji , Dohm Juliane C. , Kunert Renate
Published: November 2024

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry for producing complex proteins, primarily because of their ability to perform human-like post-translational modifications. However, the efficiency of high-quality protein production can vary significantly for mAb producing cell lines, within the CHO host cell lines or by extrinsic factors. To investigate the complex cellular mechanisms underlying this variability, a comprehensive phosphoproteomics analysis was performed using label-free quantitative liquid chromatography after a phospho-peptide enrichment of recombinant CHO-cells producing two different antibodies and a tunicamycin treatment experiment. Using MaxQuant and Perseus for data analysis, we identified 2109 proteins and quantified 4059 phosphosites. Significant phosphorylation dynamics were observed in nuclear proteins of cells producing the difficult-to-produce 2G12 mAb. It suggests that the expression of 2G12 regulates nuclear pathways based on up- and down-regulation of phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, a substantial number of changes in the phosphorylation pattern related to tunicamycin treatment has been detected.TM treatment affects, among other phosphoproteins, the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (Eef2k). It alters the phosphorylation landscape of key proteins involved in cellular processes including DNA methylation, highlighting the mechanisms behind stress-induced cellular responses.
A Systematic Retrospective and Reflections on Main Glacial Hazards of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gu Changjun , Liu Ming , Guan Mengluan , Li Suju , Wei Bo , Jin Shengyue , Guo Xudong , Wang Ping
Published: November 2024

Glacial hazards pose significant threats to millions globally, especially with rapid climate warming drawing increased attention. Understanding past glacial hazards on both global and regional scales is crucial for early warning systems. This study quantified glacier and glacial lake changes on the Tibetan Plateau over recent decades and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of major glacial disasters. It also focused on glacial lakes that have experienced out-burst events by reconstructing long-term data for 48 lakes. Key findings include: (1) Tibetan Plateau glaciers have generally shrunk, with glacier area decreasing from 57,100 km² in the first inventory to 44,400 km² in the second, primarily in the middle and eastern Himalayas below 5,000 meters. Meanwhile, the number of glacial lakes increased from 14,487 in 1990 to 16,385 in 2020, expanding towards higher elevations and glacier melt zones. (2) Since 1900, 283 glacial hazards have occurred, including 97 glacier surges, 36 glacier-related slope failures, and 150 gla-cial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Hazard frequency increased post-2000, especially in the Kara-koram and eastern Himalayas, during June to September. (3) Changes in glacier numbers con-tribute most to hazard frequency (11.56%), followed by July’s temperature change (10.24%). Slope and June's temperature changes combined have the highest interaction effect (37.59%). (4) Of the 48 lakes studied, four disappeared after outbursts, 38 remained stable, and six expanded. These insights aid in monitoring, early warnings, and disaster management.
Bilberries vs. Blueberries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Negrușier Cornel , Colișar Alexandru , Rózsa Sándor , Chiș Maria Simona , Sîngeorzan Steluța , Borsai Orsolya , Negrean Oana-Raluca
Published: November 2024

The genus Vaccinium, which includes approximately 450 species, features economically significant berries such as bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). Bilberries flourish in acidic, well-drained soils, typically found in heathlands and coniferous forests, while blueberries benefit from a broader range of soil types and intensive agricultural practices. Sus-tainable cultivation strategies, including organic fertilization and efficient water management, are vital for optimizing production and addressing the environmental challenges posed by climate change. Both berries are rich in antioxidants and other nutrients, driving consumer interest and market growth despite competition from alternative crops. Additionally, tailored fertilization techniques are crucial for maximizing yield and fruit quality. By implementing circular economy principles, the production of bilberries and blueberries can enhance sustainability and profitability, ensuring their long-term success in agricultural systems.
Beyond Rest: Nature Tourism and its Measurable Effect on Mental Well-Being Through the Reduction of Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Authors: Avecillas-Torres Imelda , Herrera-Puente Sebastián , Galarza-Cordero Miguel , Coello-Nieto Fernanda , Farfán-Pacheco Karina , Alvarado-Vanegas Byron , Ordóñez-Ordóñez Stephany , Espinoza-Figueroa Freddy
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have underscored the importance of tourism in enhancing individuals' mental well-being through engagement with nature. This article examines the impact of nature-based tourism on alleviating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among a group of 67 university students who exhibited extremely severe levels of these disorders. Participants were assessed both before and after a nature tourism experience in the Tinajillas - Río Gualaceño Protected Forest, Ecuador. Mental health changes were evaluated using the DASS-21 scale, with assessments conducted pre- and post-activity, revealing significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress levels, with large and clinically relevant effect sizes. However, a six-month follow-up indicated that these long-term benefits diminished and no longer held clinical significance, suggesting the need for more frequent interventions to sustain positive effects. The study concludes that nature-based tourism serves as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for improving mental well-being in the short term, although its sustainability requires continuous interaction with nature. These findings provide empirical support for nature-based tourism as a mental health strategy and highlight the importance of integrating it into public health policies and tourism management strategies.
Holocene Activity Characteristics and Seismic Risk of Major Earthquakes in the Middle Segment of the Jinshajiang Fault Zone, East of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Mingjian , Luo Naifei , Dong Yunxi , Tan Ling , Su Jinrong , Wu Weiwei
Published: November 2024

The Jinshajiang fault zone is the western boundary fault of the Sichuan–Yunnan block, located east of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. It is a complex tectonic suture belt with multi-phase activity and is characterized by multiple sets of parallel or intersecting faults. Using high-resolution image inter-pretation, seismic geological surveys and trench studies, we examine the characteristics of the Holocene activity on the middle segment of the fault zone. Our results indicate that the predomi-nant movement of the fault zone is strike-slip motion. In the Jinshajiang fault zone, the Late Qua-ternary horizontal slip rate of the north-northeast–trending Yarigong fault and the north-east-trending Ciwu fault are 3.6 ± 0.6 mm/a and 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/a, respectively. Three palaeoseismic events were identified on the Yarigong fault, dated 6745–3848, 3742–1899 and 1494–1112 cal BP, and on the Ciwu fault, constrained to 32,566–29,430, 24,056–22,990 and 2875–2723 cal BP. The last major earthquake on the Ciwu fault occurred approximately 2800 years ago; therefore, its future seismic hazard deserves attention.
Does Profitability Moderate the Relationship Between the Leverage and Dividend Policy of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria and South Africa?
Authors: Akpadaka Ovbe Simon , Farouk Musa Adeiza , Dang Dagwom Yohanna , Fodio Musa Inuwa
Published: November 2024

This study examines the moderating role of profitability in the relationship between leverage and dividend policy in listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria and South Africa. Using a sample of 915 firm-year observations from 2013 to 2022, the analysis employs panel Tobit regression to manage the censored nature of dividend data, with logistic regression applied as a robustness check. The findings reveal a negative association between leverage and dividend payout ratio for Nigerian firms, while this association is less pronounced and statistically insignificant in South Africa, reflecting a more flexible financial environment. Profitability strengthens the leverage–dividend policy relationship in Nigeria, enabling firms to maintain dividends despite high leverage; however, this moderating effect is weaker in South Africa. These results underscore the importance of context-specific financial strategies, recommending that Nigerian policymakers improve access to affordable credit, while South African policymakers focus on sustaining market stability. This study advances the understanding of dividend policy in emerging markets by clarifying how leverage and profitability interact to shape dividend practices.
A User Journey: Development of a Drone-Based Medication Delivery – Meeting Developers and Co-Developers Expectations
Authors: Lehmann Anne , Kalter Ivonne , Jahn Patrick , Fink Franziska
Published: November 2024

This study builds on initial ADApp research, that identified the factors influencing the intention to use a pharmacy-drone-app. Through two sub-studies, it further explores the participatory development in drone-assisted medication delivery technology: Study 1 aimed to identify technical orientation points as practical guidelines for participatory technology design. By recruiting naive adhoc groups at each stage of development, a possible bias effect due to response shifts caused by repeated interviews with the core group was avoided. This approach resulted in the identification of eight superordinate categories which serve as technical work goals for future participatory technology developments. Study 2 focused on understanding the perceived collaboration between developers (software and drone developers) and core group participants (co-developers), aiming to identify factors influencing the participatory development process. Using tandem groups of developers and co-developers as a qualitative method, five critical factors were identified, which provide insight into the unique challenges and goals of collaborative development, helping to establish practical recommendations for integrating participatory approaches in future technology projects. Taken together, the studies highlight the value of participatory methods in promoting user acceptance and improving collaboration, providing fundamental strategies for future research and development in user-centered technology design.
An English Placement Test at Three Different Periods: The Implementation and the Test Administrators’ Views
Authors: Basori Basori , Mubarok Harir , Rohmana Wahyu Indah Mala , Bisriyah Maslihatul , Jayanti Septia Dwi , Maharany Elva Riezky
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to explore the practice of an English placement test at one of the English education programs during three different testing periods (before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pandemic, and after the pandemic). Further, the study sought to investigate the views of the test administrators, mainly focusing on the challenges they faced administering the test during the period mentioned. Using a qualitative case study approach, the researchers gathered the data from the results of observations and final reflections of the test administrators. The findings revealed that the placement test in three different periods applied similar three consecutive stages: the pre-testing stage, the testing day, and the post-testing stage. The goal of the test is also similar to that it is used to gauge the newly intake students entering TBIP. Rather than grouping students for specific classes, the placement test was conducted as a part of need analysis strategies to understand students’ English proficiency levels. While the placement tests before and after the pandemic have similarities, especially in preparation activities, the test format, and the test delivery, the placement test during COVID-19 differs. Despite those issues, the placement test administrators believed the test brought additional benefits. In addition to gauging the newly intake students’ English proficiency, the placement test was a way to start building positive relationships with students before meeting in an actual class. Hence, the test administrators have mixed feelings upon administering the placement test. Some final thoughts conclude the papers. 
Students’ Perceptions of Literary Texts, Challenges in Learning, and Learning Strategies
Authors: Soy Seth , Maisarah Ira , Sovann Ly
Published: November 2024

Students’ perceptions are very crucial for improving the quality of teaching and learning. However, the study of students’ perceptions of learning literature is very limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore EFL students’ perceptions of literary texts, challenges in learning literature, and out-of-class learning strategies. The study applied the descriptive quantitative method. The stratified random sampling technique was also employed. The samples (n = 122) were the EFL students at the National University of Battambang. The online survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument with the Likert scale of four choices (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree). The data was analyzed automatically by Google Forms. Three main results were revealed. First, the majority of students have positive perceptions of the literary text used in their class (76,61%), although some viewed vocabulary and grammatical structures as complicated elements. Second, although most of the students do not face many challenges in learning literature (62,38%), a large number of students believed that text difficulty, workload from other classes, and poor English proficiency cause difficulties for them. Third, despite the majority of students having better learning strategies (72.02%), a specific learning schedule, task completion before class, and learning discussion between peers are the learning activities that the rest of the students failed to implement. In conclusion, the literary texts are appropriate despite a few problematic aspects that might be accordingly adapted. Also, the teachers should pay attention to learners’ challenges and suggest better learning strategies to them.
Do Topics about Islam Better Facilitate English Writing Skills of Students in Islamic Colleges? Teachers’ and Students’ Reflections
Authors: Asmiyah Siti , Safriyani Rizka
Published: November 2024

Many studies have explored various strategies and approaches to facilitate students’ learning to write in English. However, few studies investigated the potential use of localized, familiar, and more personalized topics to develop students’ English writing skills. Considering Krashen’s comprehensible input hypothesis and Piaget’s constructivist approach, this study aimed to explore whether topics about Islam can better facilitate students' learning to write in English in Indonesian Islamic colleges. A mixed method design, qualitative method through interviews with seven English writing lecturers from four Islamic colleges in Indonesia, and quantitative method using a student survey, which was responded to by 100 students, became the source of data. The findings informed that a process-oriented approach, positive feedback, and freedom of and familiarity with topics were the main contributing factors to students' English writing development. The salient findings suggested that careful consideration of topic selection and vocabulary familiarity should be made when assigning writing tasks using topics about Islam in Islamic colleges.
Two Indonesian Mothers’ Journey in Nurturing Children’s Bilingual Development: From Practices to Aspects of Reflection
Authors: Maolida Elis Homsini , Kurniawan Eri , Noorman Safrina , Amalia Lulu Laela
Published: November 2024

This study presents the reflections of two Indonesian mothers working as EFL teachers on their experiences of fostering their children's bilingual development. It employed a narrative inquiry approach, gathering the participants' stories through oral and multimodal narratives. The mothers shared their stories during a semi-structured interview and through photos and videos. The findings reveal that the participating mothers introduced English to their children early by engaging them in natural English interactions and activities such as story reading before bed, hands-on activities, role-playing, games, and daily communication. Despite many similarities in activities, the consistency and continuity of providing exposure to English and Indonesian languages are different. The first mother implemented One Parent One Language Strategy (OPOL) with her child, using English with mother and Indonesian with father. On its journey, she shifted the strategy to Minority Language at Home strategy (MLaH) due to her husband’s passing with her child communicated English at home and learned Indonesian from school, relatives, and communities. Meanwhile, the second mother used English and Indonesian (mixing language strategy) to communicate with her daughter, using English as the dominant language. When her daughter started mixing the structure of the languages and experienced language confusion, the second mother minimized English use at home and shifted to using Indonesian as the dominant language at home. The findings also indicate that in nurturing children’s bilingualism, the mothers’ choices of practices involved five aspects of reflection: their philosophy, belief, theory, practice, and sociocultural aspect beyond practice. This study highlights that the process of nurturing children’s bilingual development is not a linear process. It involves a more complex relation of various factors that influence parents’ decision in (dis)continuing certain language policies.
Interactivity and Interpersonality Elements Produced by College Students in Spoken Discourse
Authors: Rokhayani Atik , Wijayanti Dina Novita , Tardaguila Pauline Joy Gelacio , Shofiyuddin Muh
Published: November 2024

Speaking tends to be a difficult skill for Indonesian students. To overcome the problem, one can use discourse markers (interactivity and interpersonality elements) for a conversation.  The purposes of the study are to explain the kinds of interactivity and interpersonality elements and the implementation of interactivity and interpersonality elements of spoken discourse produced by college students. The study belongs to qualitative research. The data are the elements of interactivity and interpersonality, while the data source is transcripts of job interviews. The instrument of this study is documentation. Based on the findings, all interactivity and interpersonality elements are found in the data source. Based on the findings of the study, all kinds of interactivity and interpersonality elements are found in the data source. The students dominantly use discourse markers as first rank to fill the gap between previous and next utterances and maintain the stability of the conversation. In contrast, their application in the spoken discourse of college students is still low because only one element out of four is used dominantly (more than 50%). In order to address the issue, students must enhance their self-confidence in speaking English. Also, consistent practice leads to improvement.
Application of deep learning for segmenting seepages in levee systems
Authors: Panta Manisha , Thapa Padam , Hoque Md , Niles Kendall , Sloan Steven , Flanagin Maik , Pathak Ken , Abdelguerfi Mahdi
Published: November 2024

Seepage is a typical hydraulic factor that can initiate the breaching process in a levee system. If not identified and treated on time, seepages can be a severe problem for levees, weakening the levee structure and eventually leading to collapse. Therefore, it is essential always to be vigilant with regular monitoring procedures to identify seepages throughout these levee systems and perform adequate repairs to limit potential threats from unforeseen levee failures. This paper introduces a fully convolutional neural network to identify and segment seepage from the image in levee systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this domain. Applying deep learning techniques for semantic segmentation tasks in real-world scenarios has its own challenges, especially the difficulty for models to effectively learn from complex backgrounds while focusing on simpler objects of interest. This challenge is particularly evident in the task of detecting seepages in levee systems, where the fault is relatively simple compared to the complex and varied background. We addressed this problem by introducing negative images and a controlled transfer learning approach for semantic segmentation for accurate seepage segmentation in levee systems.
Shale Fracture Static Stability Evaluation Method Based on 3D Discrete Fracture Model: A Case Study on the Luzhou Area in Southern Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Zhang Ruhua , Yin Cheng , Huang Jianping
Published: November 2024

The stress interference in deep shale may lead to shale fracturing and instability and consequently results in engineering risks such as casing deformation in horizontal wells. Therefore, in the early stages of shale gas exploration and development, it is of great significance to evaluate the stability of shale fractures in advance. The stability evaluation of shale reservoir faults can be mainly divided into two categories at present: quantitative evaluation of single faults and qualitative evaluation of wide-range faults. The quantitative evaluation of single faults primarily relies on numerical simulation techniques, while the qualitative evaluation of wide-range faults primarily employs geophysical methods. Both methods are difficult to meet the needs of shale gas exploration and development. The shale fracture stability evaluation method based on 3D discrete fracture model which is developed in this article can quantitatively evaluate the static stability of wide-range shale fractures in the early stage of exploration and development. In this article, seismic geometric attributes were calculated, and fracture seismic facies was established by means of the Bayesian probabilistic cluster analysis method. Then, 3D discrete fracture modeling under the constraint of fracture seismic facies was performed to establish a discrete fracture model. Finally, according to the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the shear stress and effective normal stress of discrete fracture were calculated by using the formation pressure data in other exploration and development results and the regional in situ stress obtained through seismic prestack inversion. And thus, the stability evaluation of the fractures in shale reservoirs was eventually completed. In addition, this method was verified by using the casing deformation points in some actual shale-gas horizontal wells, the actual small fault points, and microseismic data. It indicates that the method has higher accuracy and is better applicable to the early shale gas exploration and development.
The threat of extreme heat to football players and match officials at the 2026 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Mullan Donal , Barr Iestyn , Brannigan Neil , Flood Nuala , Gibson Oliver R. , Hambly Catherine , Kennedy-Asser Alan T. , Kielt Aimée C. , Matthews Tom , Orr Madeleine
Published: November 2024

Climate change is making extreme heat events more frequent and intense. This negatively impacts many aspects of society, including organised sport. As the world’s most watched sporting event, the FIFA World Cup commands particular attention around the threat of extreme heat. The 2022 tournament in Qatar was moved from summer to winter in response to this threat, and now attention turns to the 2026 tournament in North America with extreme heat risk across many of the 16 host locations. We examine this risk by modelling wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) – a widely used measure of heat stress – for the host locations using hourly meteorological data for the period 2003–2022. Our results show that 14 out of 16 host locations exceed WBGTs of 28°C, with four (nine) exceeding this threshold more than half the time during afternoons across the mean (hottest year) of the 20 year record. This threshold is important as the level beyond which some football governing bodies recommend match delay or postponement. A climatically sound argument is therefore presented to reschedule kick-off times outside the hottest afternoon hours for the host locations with highest heat risk at which no indoor air conditioned environment exists – primarily Miami and Monterrey, but also Philadelphia, Kansas City, Boston and New York. This study highlights the need to carefully assess heat risk ahead of major sporting events to protect the safety of players and match officials, and to maintain the quality of the game in a warming climate.
SCSO: Snake optimization with sine-cosine algorithm for parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic models
Authors: Li Qingrui , Zhou Yongquan , Luo Qifang
Published: November 2024

Solar power generation is a clean power generation method. To ensure the efficient operation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, it is crucial to develop an accurate equivalent model of the PV cell and precisely determine its unknown module parameters. This paper proposed a hybrid snake optimization with sine-cosine algorithm (SCSO) to address the PV system parameter extraction problem. The proposed SCSO algorithm enhanced exploration ability and improves population diversity through the lens imaging reverse learning strategy, making it more effective at escaping local optima. The SCSO algorithm's accuracy and effectiveness are validated using three PV modules and two commercial models, TFST 40 and MCSM 55. Furthermore, the SCSO is compared with several other metaheuristic algorithms used for photovoltaic parameter extraction, and the results show that SCSO demonstrates higher precision and faster convergence speed.
Research on the Disaster Mechanism of High-Pressure Hydrogen Jet-like Leakage and Diffusion
Authors: Dou Wenhuan , Cong Lixin
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen refueling stations are the eco-friendly service points of the hydrogen energy era. However, hydrogen gas is prone to leakage, diffusion, and explosion due to its hazardous properties, which can lead to severe safety incidents such as explosions and poisoning during storage, compression, and transportation. This paper, set against the backdrop of hydrogen refueling stations, employs the SIMPLE algorithm and Python programming to investigate the characteristics and patterns of high-pressure hydrogen leakage and diffusion. The study completes numerical simulations of hydrogen leakage and diffusion under eight scenarios, including different release source positions and nearby obstacle sizes, at atmospheric, sub-critical, and supercritical high pressures, analyzing the diffusion patterns. The research findings indicate that factors such as pressure, release source location, and the height of nearby obstacles significantly affect the leakage and diffusion of hydrogen gas. The findings of this study hold significant implications for the storage of high-pressure hydrogen and the early warning of leakage and diffusion.
Seroprevalence, incidence estimates, and environmental risk factors for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infection amongst children living in informal urban settlements in Indonesia and Fiji
Authors: Rosser Joelle I. , Openshaw John J. , Lin Audrie , Taruc Ruzka R. , Tela Autiko , Tamodding Nursehang , Abdullah Nurul Pausi Emelia , Amiruddin Murni , Buyukcangaz Esra , Barker S. Fiona , Turagabeci Amelia , Ansariadi Ansariadi , Leder Karin , Wahid Isra
Published: November 2024

Background
The burden of Aedes aegypti-transmitted viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are increasing globally, fueled by urbanization and climate change, with some of the highest current rates of transmission in Asia. Local factors in the built environment have the potential to exacerbate or mitigate transmission.
Methods
In 24 informal urban settlements in Makassar, Indonesia and Suva, Fiji, we tested children under 5 years old for evidence of prior infection with dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses by IgG serology. We used a catalytic model using seroprevalence and mean age to estimate annual incidence of dengue in each country. We also conducted detailed questionnaires to evaluate environmental risk factors for a positive serology result. Dengue risk factors were evaluated for individual children by univariate and multivariable logistic regression accounting for settlement as a fixed effect. Trash and flooding were additionally evaluated as dengue risk factors at the settlement level by univariate linear regression.
Results
In Fiji and Indonesia respectively, 46% and 33% of children under 5 years old were seropositive for dengue, 3% and 3% for chikungunya, and 9% and 2% for Zika. In Indonesia, children living in a household where trash is routinely collected and removed were significantly less likely to be dengue seropositive in both unadjusted and adjusted models [adjusted model: OR 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1–0.8)]. In Indonesia, settlements with a higher proportion of households reporting flooding also had lower dengue rates (slope = 0.44; p-value: <0.05).
Conclusions
Household trash collection and community flood management are important targets for interventions to mitigate the increasing risk of Aedes aegypti-transmitted viruses.
Advancing ASD diagnostic classification using time-frequency spectrograms of fMRI BOLD signals and machine learning
Authors: Tikaram Tikaram , Raj Utkarsh , Ratnaik Ravi , Ronickom Jac Fredo Agastinose
Published: November 2024

In this study, our goal was to develop a diagnostic framework for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by analyzing time-frequency spectrograms generated from BOLD signals in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We used fMRI data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database and performed brain parcellation with Gordon’s, Harvard-Oxford, and Diedrichsen atlases. Time-frequency spectrograms were generated from the average time series of each region of interest (ROI) using methods like short-time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform, Mel frequency cepstrum (MFC), and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution. From these spectrograms, we extracted various features, including the grey-level co-occurrence matrix, grey-level run-length matrix, fractal dimension texture analysis, Zernike moments, Hu moments, and first-order statistics. To evaluate the diagnostic model, we applied machine learning classifiers, including logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting, and random forest, alongside recursive feature elimination with 5-fold cross-validation (RFECV) and hyperparameter tuning. The SVM classifier using MFC spectrograms and RFECV yielded the highest performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 95.71%, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91.42%, F1-score of 95.76%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 95.71% with the top 36 features for the fronto-parietal task control network. In contrast, utilizing all 85 features for the somatosensory motor hand network resulted in an accuracy of 80.38%, sensitivity of 77.77%, specificity of 82.85%, F1-score of 80.27%, and AUC of 80.31%. These findings underscore the model's potential in the precise classification of ASD, offering valuable implications for early diagnosis and intervention.
Curie Point Depth as a Key Indicator of Hydrocarbon Maturity in the Southeastern Niger Delta Basin: Insights From Aeromagnetic Data
Authors: Ekpo Aniekan Emmanuel , Bassey Nsikak E. , George Nyakno J , Udo Itoro G.
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the Curie point depth (CPD) as a critical factor in determining the hydrocarbon potential of the southeastern Niger Delta Basin, using aeromagnetic data to analyze subsurface thermal structures. The Curie point depth, which marks the depth at which ferromagnetic minerals lose their magnetic properties at a temperature of approximately 580°C, varies across the basin from 23.27 km to 83.15 km, with an average of 60.36 km. These variations in CPD, combined with geothermal gradient values ranging from 6.98°C/km to 24.93°C/km, and heat flow measurements between 17.44 mW/m² and 62.33 mW/m², provide insights into the thermal maturity of hydrocarbons in different regions. The findings indicate that blocks with intermediate CPD values, such as Blocks 2, 4, 7, and 29, with depths between 55.44 km and 62.60 km, are conducive to oil exploration due to their balanced thermal regimes. Conversely, blocks with shallow CPD values, like Block 9 (23.27 km), exhibit higher heat flow and geothermal gradients, making them better suited for gas exploration due to over-maturation of hydrocarbons. In contrast, deeper CPD regions, like Block 36 (83.15 km), reflect under-mature conditions, where hydrocarbon formation has not yet reached optimal levels. This study underscores the importance of CPD in guiding hydrocarbon exploration strategies in the Niger Delta Basin.
Mechanism of resveratrol affecting biological functions of breast cancer through glycolysis pathway
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Yaoyao , Wang Baodi , Hu Qunying , Jiang Jirui , Feng Bo , Gao Xiuli , Liu Likun , Zhu Wenbin , Yue Liling
Published: November 2024

Background Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) plays a crucial role in the glycolytic pathway and its overexpression has a negative impact on tumor development and prognosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. However, the mechanism by which resveratrol inhibits breast cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis through the PGK1 glycolytic pathway is still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasive migration, as well as its ability to promote apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, the study examined the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on the growth of mouse breast cancer graft tumors in vivo. Methods We analyzed the expression levels of glycolytic enzymes in different breast tissues and their correlation with the prognosis of breast cancer patients through GEPIA and The Human Protein Atlas database. Wound healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay were used to study the effect of resveratrol on the biological functions of breast cancer. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were used to explore the potential molecular mechanism of resveratrol inhibiting the development of breast cancer through the PGK1 glycolysis pathway. In vivo experiments explore the biological mechanisms behind PGK1-mediated breast cancer proliferation and invasion. Results High expression of PGK1 is significantly associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, and resveratrol induces breast cancer cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting PK, PGK1, LDH enzyme activity and ATP content. Resveratrol inhibits PGK1 expression and its related c-Myc/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Western blot experiments show that resveratrol affects the biological functions of breast cancer by inhibiting PCNA, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins and activating BAX/Bcl-2 and Caspase3/7 proteins. In addition, in vivo experiments show that resveratrol significantly inhibits the growth of transplanted tumors in breast cancer mice and inhibits breast cancer tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis by downregulating PGK1 expression. Conclusion Resveratrol demonstrates inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell proliferation, invasive and migration, as well as induction of apoptosis in vitro. It also inhibits the growth of mouse breast cancer transplantation tumors in vivo and exhibits oncostatic effects both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, resveratrol reduces the expression of PGK1 in breast cancer BT-549 cells by regulating the transcription factors c-Myc. This regulation leads to the blockage of cellular glycolysis pathways, ultimately inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of breast cancer cells.
Detecting Fake Colorized Images: An End-to-End CNN Framework with Multi-Color Space Analysis
Authors: AL-GHANIMI Hayder , Lakizadeh Amir
Published: November 2024

Identifying forged colorized images has become more important as sophisticated image editing methods become more widespread, in use. This study suggests a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) system that is tailored to pinpoint images, with precision and speed from start to finish. The system uses a color space strategy that integrates RGB, HSV and YUV color spaces to detect a wide spectrum of chromatic and spatial characteristics. Through incorporating color consistency measurements, like the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and the ∆E color difference formula, into the systems framework effectively spots color variations generated by artificial coloring methods. Based on the findings provided in the study report the new model surpasses existing techniques by achieving an accuracy rate of 95% a precision rate of 94% a recall rate of 96% and an AUC–ROC score of 0.982. Moreover, the model provides benefits as it can process images 20 to 30 percent more swiftly compared to ResNet based approaches while also requiring less memory space. The study adds value to the field by presenting an effective approach, for identifying colorized images that could be useful in tasks, like image forensics, content validation and security setups. To promote transparency and reproducibility efforts we have made our resources publicly available. You can find the open source code and datasets at the following link: https://github.com/hha00m/fake_colorized_paper/tree/v1.0.0
Collagen-derived hydroxyproline-containing cyclic dipeptides prevent photoaging-related inflammatory response in UVB-irradiated epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Kumazawa Yuki , Mizuno Kazunori , Taga Yuki
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major contributors to skin photoaging, which is cumulatively caused by sunlight exposure. We previously developed a unique collagen hydrolysate, named H-GDCH, enriched with hydroxyproline (Hyp)-containing cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(X-Hyp), using ginger protease and subsequent heat treatment. Here, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of cyclo(X-Hyp) and H-GDCH on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging-related inflammatory response in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Cyclo(X-Hyp) significantly decreased intracellular ROS generated by ultraviolet B irradiation. The ROS scavenging ability of cyclo(X-Hyp) was superior to that of the corresponding linear dipeptides (X-Hyp) and Pro-containing cyclic dipeptides [cyclo(X-Pro)], respectively. ROS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and subsequent expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and − 9 were suppressed by cyclo(X-Hyp) and H-GDCH. ROS production and the downstream events simulated by UVB were also prevented by culturing with H-GDCH. Cyclo(X-Hyp) penetrated human dermatomed skin with high efficiency, reaching 10% after a 24-hour incubation. These results indicate that cyclo(X-Hyp) and cyclo(X-Hyp)-rich collagen hydrolysate, H-GDCH, have the potential of improving skin health as anti-photoaging cosmetics and functional foods.
Effect of Nosocomial Infection Control Guidelines on Nurses` Performance at Burn Units
Authors: abbas fathia , Hassaneen Amira , Ibrahim Mona , Ahmed Shereen
Published: November 2024

The strict follow-up of nosocomial infection control guidelines by nurses working in burn units promotes adherence, overcome challenges, and improves the patient outcomes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of infection control guidelines on nurses' performance at burn unit. Method: A Quasi-experimental non-randomized research design using one group (Pre and post) using a convenience sample of all available nurses work at the burn units affiliated to Mansoura university hospitals with total number of (82) nurses from both sexes with diverse ages, years of experience, and different level of education. Three tools were used: Structured questionnaire to assess demographic data and nurses’ knowledge, checklist to monitor nurses’ level of practices, and questionnaire to identify attitudes toward infection control guidelines. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS using software Chi-Square test, Z-test, t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Correlation Coefficient (r). Results: Showed statistically significantly improvement in attitude, practices and knowledge levels after the application of the infection control guidelines. The study concluded that there is a strict need to follow infection control guidelines as they have positive effects on improving attitude, practices and knowledge of nurses working at the burn units. Recommendation: encourage continuous online education and training through mobile devices, utilizing audio visual aids for enhanced learning.
Psychometric Properties of the Nursing Start-up Attitude Scale in Iranian nursing students
Authors: Jafari Iman , Jafari-Oori Mehdi , Ebadi Abbas
Published: November 2024

Background
Entrepreneurial attitudes among nursing students are crucial for fostering innovation and addressing the evolving challenges in healthcare. However, measuring these attitudes accurately requires robust and validated instruments. The Nursing Start-up Attitude Scale is a valid and reliable instrument specifically designed to measure nursing students' attitudes towards start-ups. However, its psychometric properties in the context of the Iranian nursing field have not been thoroughly examined.
Methods
This methodological study was conducted online between 2022 and 2023, involving nursing students from various universities across Iran. The study employed the following procedures: forward-backward translation, assessment of face and content validities, concurrent validity analysis (n = 80 nursing students), exploratory factor analysis (n = 120), confirmatory factor analysis (n = 220), and reliability analysis, which included the assessment of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, interclass correlation coefficient, interpretability, and ceiling and floor effects.
Results
A total of 370 nursing students participated in the study. After ensuring the face and content validities, the concurrent validity was confirmed (r = 0.89). The five factors extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, which accounted for 80.74% of the explained variance, were subsequently confirmed in the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.85. Additionally, the interclass correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.812, and there were no ceiling or floor effects observed (0%).
Conclusion
The present study confirms the validity and reliability of the Nursing Start-up Attitude Scale in the Iranian context. This scale can serve as a valuable tool for identifying both the strengths and areas for improvement in nursing entrepreneurial education programs. By utilizing the Nursing Start-up Attitude Scale, these programs can effectively enhance the development of entrepreneurial skills among future nursing professionals.
Gut microbiota influences colorectal cancer through immune cell interactions: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: zheng linyi , li yuqiang
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide, representing a significant threat to human health and quality of life. Numerous studies have established associations between gut microbiota and immune cells with CRC; however, there remains a limited understanding of how gut microbiota influences the development and progression of CRC through immune mediators.To elucidate the impact of gut microbiota on CRC via immune cells, we conducted a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Our investigation utilized data from 731 immune cell types and 473 gut microbial species sourced from the GWAS database, alongside colorectal cancer statistics derived from the FinnGen R9 database. We employed several methodologies, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis, MR-Egger regression, the weighted median method, and both weighted and simple model approaches, to explore the causal relationships between gut microbiota and CRC, immune cells and CRC, as well as the interactions between gut microbiota and immune cells. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the reliability of the Mendelian randomization results, while reverse Mendelian randomization was applied to assess the overall impact of gut microbiota on CRC.Our findings suggest a causal relationship involving nine immunophenotypes and five specific gut microbial taxa with CRC. Notably, the gut microbes Alloprevotella and Holdemania, along with immune cell types CD3 on CD28- CD8br and CD4 + T cells, demonstrated significant causal associations with CRC. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between Alloprevotella and CRC was mediated by CD4 + T cells, exhibiting a mediation effect of 6.48%. Additionally, Holdemania was found to mediate its association with CRC through CD3 on CD28- CD8br, showing a mediation effect of 9.29%. Notably, reverse Mendelian randomization did not indicate any causal effect of CRC on specific immune cells or gut microbiota.Two-sided sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in our findings. Collectively, this comprehensive Mendelian randomization study enhances our understanding of how gut microbiota affects CRC through immune cell interactions. Further investigations are warranted to unravel the underlying mechanisms linking gut microbiota, immune cells, and colorectal cancer.
Tumor repressor gene chondroadherin opposes migration and proliferation in breast cancer and predicts a good survival
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Yang Siyuan , Liu Lingxiang
Published: November 2024

Molecular prognosis and potential therapeutic targets are urgently needed for improving breast cancer (BC) management. To investigate the role of chondroadherin (CHAD) expression in breast cancer prognosis and its potential as a therapeutic target, specifically focusing on its correlation with cancer malignancy and patient survival. Expression levels of CHAD were analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels in several independent datasets. Survival analysis was conducted on these datasets. Comparisons were made between metastasis-averse and metastasis-inclined BC groups. Associations with clinical and pathological staging were explored. CHAD knockdown experiments were conducted in two cell lines, T47D and ZR75-30, to assess impacts on proliferation and migration. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to determine CHAD's involvement in molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes. Western blotting was used to assess CHAD's impact on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CHAD expression was significantly reduced in high malignancy groups compared to low malignancy groups in multiple datasets. Lower CHAD expression was significantly associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Metastasis tendentiousness decreased with increased CHAD expression. Higher grade BC patients exhibited lower CHAD expression levels. CHAD knockdown led to a significant increase in both proliferation and migration in T47D and ZR75-30 cell lines. Enrichment in KEGG pathways: "focal adhesion", "ECM receptor interaction", "regulation of actin cytoskeleton", and "PI3K/Akt pathway". Western blotting showed CHAD inhibition of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. CHAD acts as a tumor suppressor gene and potential prognostic biomarker in breast cancer by repressing cell migration and proliferation through cell adhesion mediation and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition. Its reduced expression aligns with poorer prognosis, suggesting potential therapeutic targeting opportunities.