bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and surface properties of bis-sulfonamide, sulfonamide-imine and sultam based nonionic surfactants
Authors:   Applied Surfactant Laboratory, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt P.O.Box 11727, ES Hanan Ali , Badawi AM ,   Applied Surfactant Laboratory, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt P.O.Box 11727
Published: May 2022

In an effort to develop new classes of nonionic surfactants, the surface tension properties and phase behavior of a novel series of bis-sulfonamide, sulfonamide-imine and sultam-surfactants have been investigated. These surfactants possess SO2NH moieties that display comparative cytotoxicities. In this paper the presence of the – SO2NH functional moiety and the partition coefficient (oil/water) measurement demonstrate good biodegradability and lipophilicity. On the other hand, by means of the located thermodynamic point, the solubilization can be considered as a normal partitioning of the drug bet ween two phases, micelle and aqueo us. A direct relationship has been found between the efficiency and solubility.
Impact of frying on iodine value of vegetable oils before and after deep frying in different types of food in Kenya
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya, Chebet Josphine , Kinyanjui Thomas ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya, Cheplogoi Peter K. ,   Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants. Most of these oils are extracted from seeds or fruits of plants and are classified as edible and non-edible oils. Deep frying is one method which involves submerging the food in hot oil. Five types of food were deep- fried in five types of oil for 6 hrs. The oils were then divided into two portions; one portion was stored at room temperature and the other portion under refrigeration (40 ºC) for 5 days. Frying was repeated using these oils after 5 days for another 6 hours making the total frying time to be 12 hours. Iodine value was determined according to Wijs method. Fresh palm oil had relatively lower iodine value of 45.58 g of iodine/100g of oil while corn and soybean showed higher values of 131.98 g of iodine/100g of oil and 129.44 g of iodine/100g of oil respectively. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the iodine value and storage conditions of selected vegetable oils after deep frying different types of food in Kenya. The study concluded that soybean oil is susceptible to oxidation.
Pretreatment technique on digester for algae Biogas production during winter
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, India, Singh Gurpreet , Pal Amit ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, India
Published: May 2022

Aim- Biogas is the one of essential renewable energy source for modern applications which can be replaced to the fossil fuels. An alga is a new renewable feedstock introduced for replacing the cow dung based bio gas system, which takes the less time digestion of slurry. But in spite of it during winters the digestion process takes long time, low slurry temperature of the digestion result in comparatively low efficiency or even a interruption in the fermentation. Proper temperature keep maintains for the biogas production in winter is the major problem. This paper purposes efficient fermentation for obtaining the digester is then design ed, optimizing these performance parameters, for biogas production. Low carbon: nitrogen can be increased by mixing of high rich carbon content material in a proper ratio by using coil fitted in the digester for productive biogas in winters.
Studies on antimicrobial activity of antiseptic soaps and herbal soaps against selected human pathogens
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, PSGVPM’sS.I.Patil Arts, G.B.Patel Science and S.T.S.K.V.S Commerce College, Shahada, District Nan durbar, Maharashtra, India, Chaudhari Varsha M
Published: May 2022

In the present study antimicrobial activity of various antiseptic and herbal market soaps were determined against bacterial isolates present on the skin surface like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. Various microbes are deposited on the surface of skin from the dust present in external environment which causes infection. Antimicrobial activities of various soaps on such micro flora pathogens were studied. The results obtained revealed that amongthe antiseptic soaps highest efficacy was performed by Dettol and Lifebuoy Plus soaps against Gram positive isolates but in Gram negative isolates Dettol and Savlon had maximum bactericidal activity. In Herbal soaps Neem followed by Aloe Vera was found to be most effective with all isolates as compared to Haldi Chandan soap. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found as most resistant isolate to all soaps in the present study.
Assessment of awareness about Post-Menopausal Symptoms and Preventive Measures
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, Kafeel Huda , Ishaq Humera ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Menopause refers to the actual cessation of ovarian activity and generally a woman may experience menopause anywhere from her 40s to mid-50s. Overall, stated median age at natural menopause was 51.4 years as per different studies. Female population experience a variety of post menopausal symptoms and due to their weak understanding regarding those symptoms it’s become hard to manage thus this study is being conducted to find out the level of Awareness about post-menopausal symptoms and preventive measures to overcome the problems associated with it. A sample of 300 postmenopausal ladies (40 to 55 years) were questioned to evaluate their level of awareness regarding signs symptoms, post menopausal complications and preventive measures along with their general demographics and menopausal information. Mean age of menopause is found quite early in our population (44.61±3.785 years). Joint pains, Hypertension, depression, anxiety and mood swings are the main self reported effects after menopause.
Effects of electrolytes on the surface and micellar characteristics of Sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant solution
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, GomaGofa Region, Ethiopia (East Africa), Demissie Hailu , Duraisamy Ramesh ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, GomaGofa Region, Ethiopia (East Africa)
Published: May 2022

The effect of some electrolytes (namely sodium acetate and calcium acetate) on their critical micelle concentration (CMC), have been determined by spectrophotometric, conductometeric and surface tension measurement method at 298K, 308K and 318K. From the surface tension data physico-chemical properties such as surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule (Amin) at surface have been obtained. From the observed CMC data, free energy of micellization (∆Gmic), entropy change of micellization (∆Smic), and enthalpy change of micellizaton (∆Hmic) for the studied surfactant solutions with or without electrolyte have been obtained. The results have been interpreted in light of inter-molecular interaction.
Aspects of population dynamics of Red Pandora, Pagellus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882) from the coastal waters of Ghana
Authors:   CSIR-Food Research Institute, Box M 20, Accra, Ghana, Amponsah Samuel K. K. , Danson Patrick. K. Ofori ,   Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Nunoo Francis K.E ,   Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ameyaw Godfred A. ,   Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
Published: May 2022

Population parameters for Red Pandora, Pagellus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882) from the eastern coastline of Ghana, using length-frequency data from June 2014 to January 2015 were assessed. A total of 440 samples of Pagellus bellottii were measured for standard length and analyzed with FiSAT II. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth rate (K) were 19.43 cm and 0.42 per year. Theoretical age at birth (t0 ) and growth performance index (ϕ) were -0.44 per year and 2.20. The age at first maturity (tm50) and longevity (tmax) were 2.2 years and 7 years. The Bhattacharya’s method revealed three modal lengths groups: 9.3 cm, 12.1 cm, and 14.6 cm. Total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality rate (F) were 2.58 per year, 1.10 per year, and 1.48 per year. Exploitation rate (Ecurrent) and maximum exploitation rate (Emax) were estimated as 0.57 and 0.93 respectively. The recruitment pattern was continuous with two major recruitment pulses. VPA outcome showed that midlengths of 11.5 cm and 12.5 cm experienced the highest harvesting rate. The fishing regime of Pagellus bellottii fell in the developed stage based on the quadrant rule. Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was 7864.18 tons. Results from the study indicated the existence of growth overfishing with the present state of exploitation as a forewarning to the collapse of the fishery in future. With resilience of Red pandora within the medium category, incidence of overfishing will produce economic consequences. The developed stage of fishing suggested that maximization of yield per recruits will lead to low stock biomass of Red pandora.
Arogyavardhini Vati: A theoritical analysis
Authors:   PG Scholar, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India, Pal Santosh , Ramamurthy A ,   Assistant Professor, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India, Mahajon Bidhan ,   Ph.D. Scholar, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India
Published: May 2022

Ayurveda is the oldest methodical branch of knowledge which speaks its reality in the sketch of philosophy. It comprises most scientific milieu of derivation. As per ancient Ayurveda scholars for getting a desirable outcome of any medication, it should be precisely analyzed before prescribing to the patient. There are numbers of classical formulations successfully practiced by Ayurveda physicians for treating various ailments but in maximum cases there is lack of data regarding their details mechanism of action. Such one multidrug classical formulation is Arogyavardhini vati which is widely practiced Ayurveda formulation. Present study aimed to compile all the available literature regarding the pharmacological actions and properties of the drug. Several studies have proved this drug is safe and effective in hyperlepidaemia, ear discharge along with its hepatoprotective and anti oxidant activity. It promotes digestive fire, clears body channels for the nutrients to reach to the tissues, balances fats in the body and removes toxins by improving the digestive system. The review may provide the information with clues of further systematic investigation.
Phase transfer synthesis of novel based surfactants: Role of biocorrosion inhibition and corrosion of steel
Authors:   Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Petrochemical Department, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, Ali Hanan E.-S.
Published: May 2022

Four novel aziridinium, pyrrolium and azepanium bis-quaternary ammonium salts joined within similarly aromatic spacer have been synthesized. The phase transfer synthesized cycloadduct as a selective and startreaction material is a positive indicator for the corrosion inhibition process. The structures of the desired heterocyclic surfactants were confirmed by using elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectral analysis. The adsorption of these compounds on the metal surface is found to obey Tafel adsorption isotherm. Furtheron, the dilution method need to be included to evaluate their biocorrosion inhibition. This study explores the corrosion resistance of the prepared bisquats in 1 M HCl and SRB corroded medium. The growth of the reference SRB (Desulfomonas pigra) was shown to be completely inhibited by bisquaternary ammonium surfactants, In1- In3, and also the inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with increasing surface tension which is due to the fact, that the rate of corrosion of carbon steel is higher than the rate of adsorption and therefore indicates that the joint adsorption of these compounds and chloride ions by the addition of HCl is due to the increase of the surface coverage. On the other hand, opposite cases were found where the presence of certain cations decreased the protective effect, for example, towards the corrosion of In4. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters for adsorption and activation processes were determined; the following formulation properties are considered: the surface tension at cmc (γcmc), critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactants in aqueous solutions, saturated adsorption amount of the surfactant (Г∞) and the minimum average area per surfactant molecule (Amin) at the air–water interface. On the bases of the result of small saturated adsorption amount and the large minimum average area per surfactant molecule, it is indicated that the minimum average area of surfactant decreases with the enhanced hydrophilic character of the molecule. A direct relationship has found between the corrosion efficacy (% IE) and Г∞. The galvanostatic polarization curves showed that, the inhibitor behaves as mixed type. The observed corrosion data indicate that, the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion is due to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the surface, which follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. By fitting the obtained experimental data with Langmuir adsorption model, some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as adsorption free energy, Gads, equilibrium constant, Kads, were estimated.
Chronic leg ulcer as a complication of post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula: colour doppler evaluation
Authors:   Department of Radiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria, Oluseyi Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat
Published: May 2022

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be either be iatrogenic, traumatic or congenital. Most femoral AVFs commonly developed secondary to penetrating injuries. This is a case of post traumatic femoral AVF in a 40 year old man who presented with chronic leg ulcer, is presented to illustrate the inherent danger in the delayed diagnosis and treatment of AVF and role of ultrasound in diagnosis. Review of the existing literature outlining the pathogenesis, clinical features and radiological therapeutic considerations as they relate to arteriovenous fistula.
A study of prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients of coronary artery disease and their clinical correlation
Authors:   Resident, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan- 303121, India, Bhardwaj Saurabh , Pandey Manju ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India, Thakuriya Rakesh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India, Rishi JP ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Currently, the importance of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD) is being increasingly recognized and this has stimulated an interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported the association of NAFLD with multiple classical and non-classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a distinct hepatic condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in liver cells; histologically resembling alcohol induced liver damage. The overall prevalence of NAFLD in western countries varies from 15-40% and in Asian countries from 9-40%. In the present study, we shall determine the occurrence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in patients with Coronary Artery Disease and to establish any clinical correlation between the two. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 18 months. Patients coming to the NIMS hospital OPD/IPD with clinical history and physical examination- suggestive of CAD and confirmed by ECG, ECHO, Cardiac Biomarkers and wherever possible with Coronary Angiography. Diagnosis of NAFLD was done using ultrasonography. Results: Our study exhibited that patients having NAFLD presented with increased severity of clinical symptoms and the prevalence of NAFLD is more in CAD patients. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients of CAD and their clinical correlation. This study will help clinicians in devising treatment and designing preventive strategies for the aforementioned diseases.
A study to assess the prevalence of anemia among women in a selected urban area in Coimbatore district
Authors:   Maternal and Child Health officer, ANM Training School, Veerapandi, Theni Dt, Tamil Nadu, India, Sathya P , Gandhimathi R ,   Staff Nurse, Govt. Block Primary Health Centre, Somanur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641668, India, Viruthasarani K ,   Assistant Professor, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641004, India, Rodriguez Poornima Mary ,   Assistant Professor, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641004, India, Rajeswari PM ,   Assistant Professor, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641004, India, Subhathra N ,   Assistant Professor, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641004, India, MS Merlin ,   Post Graduate Student, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641668, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Anemia as a global public health problem is compelling and harmful as the epidemics of infectious diseases. Objective: To assess the prevalence of anaemia among women. Methods: By using descriptive survey design 245 women who met the criteria were selected with purposive sampling technique in the selected urban areas of Coimbatore district. Hb estimation was done using Tallquist method. Results: Out of 250 women, 89 (35.6%) had their normal hemoglobin level (>12.0g/dl), 6 (2.4%) had mild anemia (11-11.9 g/dl), 145 (58%) had moderate anemia (8-10.9 g/dl) and 10 (4%) had severe anemia (<8.0 g/dl). Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of anemia is high in developing countries like India, where the present study mainly focused to identify the anemic women in the urban areas of Coimbatore.
Acupuncture in the treatment of pain
Authors:   Spec Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev – Shtip, Republic of Macedonia, Zhu Jihe , Arsovska Blagica ,   Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics – Skopje, Republic of Macedoni, Kozovska Kristina ,   Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev – Shtip, Republic of Macedonia, Nikolovska Karolina ,   Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev – Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
Published: May 2022

Pain is a feeling that can be felt in many areas in the body (back, pelvis, chest, abdomen) and is triggered by the nervous system. Pain is most common symptom in conditions of the musculoskeletal system, but also can accompany other conditions like hormonal imbalance, autoimmune, neurological diseases etc. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recommends more intensive treatment for pain with acupuncture and herbal medicine, so the blocked Qi can be released and the normal body function can be stimulated. In our study we have done a survey on our patients with questionnaire of 13 questions in our clinic. In the survey participated 41 patients, 6 male and 35 female, of different age groups, with different conditions and with main symptom of pain. All patients have done acupuncture treatment in our clinic in the past year with certain number of treatments. In 63.41% or 26 patients, the overall health condition was improved totally, in 31.71% or 13 patients the condition is partially better and only 4.88% or 2 patients did not have any improvement.
Synthesis of magnetic ZnFe1.5Al0.5O4 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity testing under sunlight irradiation
Authors:   PhD Scholar, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar25120, Pakistan, Gul Muhammad , Akhtar Khalida ,   National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

ZnFe1.5Al0.5O4 nanoparticles, uniform in size and shape, were synthesized by coprecipitation method, calcined at 1000 ℃ and were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometery, and Fouriertransform infra-red spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was tested by dispersing them in Methylene blue solution to attain adsorption-desorption equilibrium and then irradiating with direct sunlight till 1 h. The degradation process was found rapid and the solution became colorless indicating successful removal of the dye. Various radical scavengers were used to identify the species responsible for dye degradation. The adsorbent was easily collected using a permanent magnet and recycled. Comparable results were obtained for reusing the nanoparticles up to 6 cycles. The advantages of effective degradation of dye, magnetic recovery and reusability of ZnFe1.5Al0.5O4 nanoparticles make them a promising material for wastewater treatment.
Assessment of knowledge gap and constraints affecting consumption of standardized dairy products in Sidama and Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, Azeze Tsedey , Haji Bereket ,   Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted in Sidama and Gedio zone, southern Ethiopia. Dale, Hawassa zuria and Hagere selam were selected from Sidama zone and Dilla zuria from Gedio zone. A total of 177 households were interviewed. A total of 34 % and 17 % of producers had knowledge about standard and Ethiopian dairy products standards in the studied districts respectively. Although the majorities of respondents follow standardized housing and feeding, very few of the respondents know about standard milk production (9%) and also hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP)(3%).The respondents indicated that they do not bother about safety in purchasing milk and milk products from different sources. Accordingly, 74%, 40%, 38% of respondents indicated that babies (0-3yrs), children and pregnant women were more vulnerable to dairy food borne illnesses respectively. The result also indicated that 24.7% of respondents utilize locally produced milk products and 15% utilizes imported milk products. Out of the interviewed producers 91% wash their hand, 77% wash cow udder and teat (30%). Lack of awareness (57%) and supply problem (51%) were the major constraints in consuming standardized milk products in the studied districts. Therefore, integrating private milk vendors in the formal marketing system through licensing and quality control, improvement of milk and dairy products quality since the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products poses potential hazard to the consumer, awareness creation and training, enforcement of regulatory quality standards and introduction of technological interventions are required.
A plenteous view on Rasavaha Srotas with cardio vascular system
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Sharir, SKD Government Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, UP-251001, India, Dadhich N.K , Sharma Pooja ,   MD Scholar, PG Department of Kriya Sharir, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda & Research, Jammu, J&K- 180001, India
Published: May 2022

Srotamsi stands for the inner delivery system of the body incorporation to that of circulatory system. It indicates all level of exchanging and transportation of Posahya Rasa from Ahara Rasa at micro to macro level of cells and tissue. Srotas carry all like Posahya Rasa to Poshaka Rasa, specific materials, hormones, enzymes, thought process, stimulus. It is such a minute supply that is not seen but visible by their action or by functioning that occurs. As in texts Dhamni and Sira are more resembled with Srotas by functioning level as of transportation but these three are different from each other. In this article I try to opt on Rasavaha Srtoas in detail view and resemblance with cardiovascular system.
Evaluation of antibiotics use in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in Bedele District Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia, Mamo Girma , Teshome Abeba ,   Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are acute febrile illnesses involving the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea. The causative organisms in majority of the cases are viruses. Antibiotics are not needed in these circumstances; however the treatment of URTIs has become the major areas of antibiotics abuse globally. OBJECTIVE: To assess antibiotic prescription pattern for upper respiratory tract infection in Bedele District Hospital. Method: An institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February 15 to March 30/2015 using a structured data abstraction checklist. The necessary information was recorded from patients’ medical records seen in the hospital by the year 2014. The collected data was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Result: Prevalence of antibiotics prescription in the management of URTIs in the hospital was 79.1%. Majority of the antibiotics prescribed were the Penicillin 246 (88.8 %). Amoxicillin was prescribed for 197 (71.1 %) cases. Among the 277 cases managed by antibiotics 167 (60.3%) were treated according to the national STG making the overall concurrence with the national STG 60.3%. Among 168 unspecified URTIs, 102 (60.7%) of the antibiotic prescription were made out of indication for unspecified AURTI which is common cold. Conclusion: There is irrational use of antibiotics prescription in management of URTIs in the hospital indicated by high prevalence of antibiotics prescription and low adherence to the standard treatment guideline.
An analytical study of different clinical presentation of Diabetes mellitus: Ayurveda perspective
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, PG Department of Roga nidana and Vikriti vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India, Nath Rupashri , Mandal Sisir Kumar ,   Assistant Professor, PG Department of Roga nidana and Vikriti vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ancient ayurveda scholars have opined the nomenclatures of all the diseases may not be available in transcript but these can be managed through the daushika concern. Similarly, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which has not mentioned in classical texts but it can be diagnosed based on yukti pramana. Present study aimed to analyze the various diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus through the light of ayurveda pathogenesis. Methodology: Six diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus admitted in IPD of NIA hospital with different clinical symptoms were critically analyzed with the help of ayurveda principle of diseases pathology. Secondary data from various published journal were also utilized to draw the conclusion. Result and observation: Study interpreted case no.1-presented with drug history and diabetes can be diagnosed as dushi visha. Case no.2 presented with overweight and diabetes can be diagnosed as medo vaha srota dusthi. Case no.3 itching and blister in external genitalia can be diagnosed as vrishana kacchu. Case no.4 burning and tingling sensation over the extremities can be diagnosed as purvarupa of prameha. Case no.5 multiple joint pain with family history of diabetes can be diagnosed as beeja dosha. Case no.6 diabetes with fever, vomiting, burning micturation etc. can be diagnosed under upadrava of kaphaja and pittaja prameha. Discussion and Conclusion: Present study revealed laboratorial investigation could provide only a supportive media for proper diagnosis and treatment. For serving, the novel healing approach of ayurveda diagnosis of diseases through ayurveda is a prime phenomenon.
Bis-carbene metallic compounds: synthesis of imidazoline derivatives via cycloaddition reaction of isocyanides based on amidines
Authors:   Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Surfactant Laboratory, Petrochemical Department, Alzohor Zone, Nasr City, Cairo 00202, Egypt, Ali Hanan El-Sharkawy
Published: May 2022

In an effort to develop new classes of NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) complexes, two imidazoline-anchored ligand systems have been synthesized. The process is superior owing to two approaches: (i) a new synthesized phase transfer catalyst, namely, 1,1'-benzene-1,4-diyldipyridinium dibromide (BDPDB) used to catalyze the phase-transfer Hoffmann reaction of two structurally varied amines, dodecylamine and 1-amino-9,10- anthraquinone. The reaction successfully gave the corresponding isocyanides that display the highest reactivity in reasonable to good yields. (ii) A cycloaddition-rearrangement reaction between amidines and isocyanides gives easy access to a diverse range of highly substituted 5- and 2-imidazolines. Furthermore, imidazoline based bis-NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) precursors were prepared and complexed to copper cation (5-Z and 2-Z, Chart 1).
A novel approach to construction and working of fluid filtration model: An experimental study
Authors:   2nd Year Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra- 411001, India, Shaikh Asiya , Hegde Vivek ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra- 411001, India, Shanmugasundaram Srilatha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra- 411001, India, Dixit Vighnesh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra- 411001, India
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to construct a novel fluid filtration model and analyse the working of the model for the quantitative evaluation of microleakage. Materials and Methods: An oxygen cylinder equipped with pressure adjusting device was connected to a pressurised buffer system, which was then connected to micropipette and a three-way control faucet, the faucet holds attachment for syringe at the upper portion and the tooth sample at the lower part. A tooth sample with perforation condensed with Gutta percha and without perforation was connected to the fluid filtration model, to ensure bubble displacement a bubble was introduced in micropipette. A digital SLR camera was used to record the bubble displacement, AutoCAD Software for the measurement and custom made software for calculation of microleakage. Results: The model was constructed and functioned successfully. Conclusion: This model can be used for the evaluation of microleakage of dental materials.
Role of Madhuka Pushpa in Sandhana Kalpana; microbiological pharmaceutico-analaytical study
Authors:   Associate professor, PG studies in Department of Dravyaguna,, V Mallya Suma ,   3Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India, Castelino Juliet Elizabeth ,   PG Scholar Department of Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India, Seema MB ,   PG Scholar Department of Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sandhana kalpana are unique alcoholic formulations using natural sources of drugs as ingredients. Flowers of Madhuka(Madhuka indica Gmel)(wet/dry)are added as fermentative initiators in many such asva- arishta preparations. But exact role of these flowers was not well studied or documented scientifically. Hence a study designed to prove evidences for these facts. Materials and Methods: Fresh and dry sample of test drug was taken and microbiological study was conducted to explore their microflora. Three samples of Madhukasava was prepared as per classical references, adding fermentative initiators as fresh flowers, dried flowers and not adding any flowers and a comparative analytical study of these samples conducted. Results: Microflora extraction delineated that dry flowers contain more yeast colonies than that of fresh flowers. Phramceutico- analytical study has shown better parameters form the point of total sugar, total solids and total alchohol among fresh and dry flower groups. Conclusion: Overall result emphasizes the fact that Madhuka flowers have definite role in sandhana kalpana and dried ones with more yeast colonies have proved better than fresh flowers.
Study on effectiveness of selected bacterial isolates on groundnut cultivation
Authors:   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Mon Wai Wai , Yu San San ,   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Htun Reemon ,   Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Patheingyi, Myanmar
Published: May 2022

Four bacterial isolates were selected and screened for phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic activities on Pikovaskaia and Berg’s media respectively. S1 and P6 showed the 1.545 and 1.571 values of solubility index for tricalcium phosphate on NBRIP media. In quantitative determination, S3 was the best strain which showed phosphate solubilizing activity on tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate at 136.01ppm and 29.35ppm respectively. The amounts of reducing sugar formation were determined by dinitrosalicylic colorimetric method (DNS). S1 can more solubilize cellulose 0.60 ppm, S2 on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 0.55 ppm and S3 on rice straw and filter paper at 0.5 and 0.45 ppm on Berg’s media respectively. According to the coexistence study, the four selected bacterial isolates were able to survival together and applied in combination for field trial. These isolates were studied the effectiveness on the groundnut cultivation. This experiment was carried out on the field trial of groundnut (Spanish 121) at Mandalay Technological University, Patheingyi Township. All treatments (S1, S2, S3, P6 and Com) were significantly better than Control (water only). According to soil analysis data, organic carbon, EC, humus, the total N, available P, K2O, and K+ in all treatments were higher than control and those of soil parameters before cultivation. So, it can be assumed that the selected bacterial isolates had positive effect on soil physical and chemical properties.
Implementation of IoT with Image processing in plant growth monitoring system
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Bannariamman of Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India, Lakshmi K. , Gayathri S. ,   Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Bannariamman of Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India
Published: May 2022

An automated system for monitoring the growth of plant can be done with appropriate taxonomies. Such kind of information can be useful for formers, botanists, industrialists, food engineers and physicians. This work combines Image Processing and IoT to monitor the plant and to collect the environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. In image processing, a recognition system capable of identifying plants by using the images of their leaves has been developed and with the help of the images use of pesticides can be controlled. The system runs pre-processing and feature extraction techniques on the image before a pattern matcher compares the information from this image with the ones in the database in order to get potential matches. The different features that are extracted and compared are the color, texture and shape of the leaf. Based on the pattern recognition a leaf can be identified as healthy or deceased. Here we combine IoT and Image processing. In addition, our system is simple to use, fast and highly scalable.
Chances of breast cancer with fibroadenoma- Review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh- 517561, India, P Rihana Begum , Thomus Rejitha ,   Assistant Professor, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560035, India, Babu Niranjan ,   Principal, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517561, India
Published: May 2022

Fibroadenoma is a term used to describe a broad range of solid, benign breast lesions that commonly effect premenopausal women. Fibroadenomas are often discovered as a palpable mass, which might feel firm, smooth, rubbery or hard, perhaps like a pea or a grape. They are usually painless and will often move easily when touched [1]. Fibroadenomas are affected by hormones and tend to fluctuate (or increase) in size during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and breast feeding or if using hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives. The cause of a fibroadenoma is unknown, but they are likely related to abundant estrogen, as they are common in young women. It might be related to the hormone-receptor mechanisms. Fibroadenomas themselves do not pose any risk of breast cancer development throughout the breast tissue. Previously in many reviews, it has been suggested that Fibroadenomas may be associated with an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer. Some information still holds to this theory. Therefore, this review aims to look at where this theory came from and the latest development of thought.
Comparison of bentonite and zeolite as adsorbent purification process of patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Hardyanti Ika Sri , Nurkhalisa Septia ,   Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Maghfiroh Hanifatun ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Many attempts to distill of patchouli oil from patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin) are used the simple method, therefore the patchouli oil that produced does not have the best quality. The yield of patchouli oil is dark because it contains Fe metal. The content of patchouli alcohol compound is still low whereas patchouli alcohol is the main component of patchouli oil. Various ways can be done to purify patchouli oil, one of them is adsorption process. This study aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of bentonite and zeolite as adsorbent purification process of patchouli oil. Bentonite and Zeolite can be utilised as adsorbents because their properties and absorbency are influenced by the presence of pore spaces between the clay mineral bonds and the imbalance of electrical charges in their ions. After adsorption, there was a decrease in Fe content and increase in patchouli alcohol level. However, significant increases occur in bentonite adsorption, this is due to several influencing factors including activating acid type, cation type, Si/Al ratio, and pore geometry including inner surface area, pore size distribution, and pore shape. It can be concluded that in purification process of patchouli oil, bentonite has higher adsorption power than zeolite.
The idea of monitoring drug taking and life in the community
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan, Sadamoto Kiyomi , Murata Mikio ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan, Aoki Shinya ,   Olive community nurse station, 790-10, Isshiki, Ninomiyamachi, Naka-Gun, Kanagawa, 259-0123, Japan, Sadamoto Takaharu ,   Sadamoto Clinic, 821-30, Ninomiya, Ninomiyamachi, NakaGun, Kanagawa, 259-0123, Japan, Matayoshi Hiromi ,   Sadamoto Clinic, 821-30, Ninomiya, Ninomiyamachi, NakaGun, Kanagawa, 259-0123, Japan, Kubota Kiyoshi ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
Published: May 2022

Rationale, aims, and objectives: We have developed an innovative electronic device for supporting appropriate drug therapy and life. We used the device to monitor life and drug taking by elderly subjects including independent patients and patients who need home care services. The usefulness and usability of the device for monitoring life related subjects and adherence to drug therapy were evaluated. Methods: After obtaining informed consent for the study, we monitored 10 elderly subjects using the device for one month. After collecting the data, we analyzed personal daily life using both one-month personal monitoring tables and radar charts. The usefulness and potential of the device were evaluated. Results: All subjects finished monitoring without difficulty in handling the device. The subjects evaluated the device for ease of use and usefulness; they assessed that that the device was usable. In addition, cooperating medical staff and families evaluated the analysis of the radar chart highly due to its being understandable at a glance. Conclusion: Community based medical care needs practical strategies to cope with supporting the elderly, both independent patients and dependent ones who need home-care. Simple electronic devices have the potential to be used by elderly patients as an affordable tool. The monitoring results could be shared not only by medical staff but also with families and patients who need the information.
Enhancing switching threshold for wide fan-in domino gates with shortened evaluation period
Authors:   Department of Electronics & Communication, D. D. University, Nadiad, Gujarat-387001, India, Limachia Mitesh , Kothari Nikhil ,   Department of Electronics & Communication, D. D. University, Nadiad, Gujarat-387001, India
Published: May 2022

With technology scaling up, noise resistance has become critical in high performance VLSI chips using wide fan-in domino gates. Techniques for enhancement of noise tolerance in domino gates incur cost in terms of design metrics like power dissipation, delay and die area. Existing techniques improve noise immunity of domino gates either by precharging the internal node of PDN or controlling the evaluation period. Pre-charging the internal nodes increases switching threshold of the evaluation transistors and demands more transistors leading to overheads not desirable for wide fan-in gates. Controlling the evaluation period of clock provides protection against noise pulse duration only. In this paper, we present an approach that combines two techniques to protect the circuit against magnitude as well as width of a noise pulse in an effort to enhance the overall noise immunity of wide fan-in domino gates. Simulation results show that our technique increases noise immunity significantly. Validation of our approach in presence of PVT variations demonstrates suitability of the proposed technique for wide fan-in gates implemented in deep sub-90 nm technology.
Evaluations of specificity & sensitivity of rK39 test in Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Co-infection
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Topno Roshan K , Pandey Krishna ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Kumar Rishikesh ,   Department of Virology, Bio-informatics and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Rabidas Vidya Nand ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Sahoo Ganesh Chandra (GC) ,   Department of Virology, Bio-informatics and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Dikhit Manas Ranjan ,   Department of Bio-informatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Siddiqui Niyamat Ali ,   Department of Bio-Statistics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar800007, India, Agrawal Kanhaiya ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar800007, India, Kumar Bipin ,   ART Center, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar-800007, India, Das Pradeep ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar800007, India
Published: May 2022

The rK39 strip test is a simple, non-invasive, sensitive and specific test for screening of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Clinically VL-HIV and co-infected 50 parasitological confirm patients enrolled forms RMRIMS, Patna Bihar. The objective behind highlighting this co-infection is for awareness of treating physician to take care of the patients suffering with fever and hepato spleenomegaly might be co-infected with HIV. Other control arm HIV positive patients taken from ART centre RMRIMS Patna and relative of Visceral Leishmaniasis patients who are living with VL-HIV co-infected blood sample has been taken. The sensitivity & specificity of rK39 test in parasitological confirmed VL-HIV co-infected patients was 100% positive and other group in control arm rK39 showed negative result. These results suggest that rK39 strip test shows highly sensitivity & specificity in case of VL-HIV co infection.