bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR FACE AND NECK PHLEGMONS TREATMENT
Authors: Paramonova O. A. , Savchenko Ju. P. , Gerbova T. V. , Uvarova A. G.
Published: October 2018

Aim. In the course of this study we carried out the analysis of clinical course features and assessment of microbiological structure of the wound surface in patients with face and neck phlegmons. The etiologic cause of the disease may be hemolytic streptococcus, different types of staphylococcus, mixed flora and anaerobic bacteria.

Materials and methods. All patients required urgent surgical intervention: wide opening, drainage of cellular spaces with the subsequent irrigation with antiseptic solutions with the application of a combination of wound coverings "Aquacel Ag + Hydrofiber dressing", "Aquacel Ag Foam Hydrofiber dressing" and "Granuflex" (ConvaTec, the USA) with proper antibacterial therapy.

Results. Comparison of clinical observations (favorable course of inflammatory process) and obtained microbiological assessment (quicker decrease of microbial content in the wound) confirms validity, high efficiency of wound covering application and clear advantage in comparison with traditional gauze bandages.

Conclusion. The analysis of the causes of phlegmon on the face and neck over the past 5 years has shown a significant increase in the number of patients with traumatic, tonsilogenous and odontogenic phlegmons of the face and neck. The modern high-efficient method of local treatment with the use of wound coverings combinations makes it possible to suppress the purulent-inflammatory process at the early stage, to put the secondary stitches and shorten the period of treatment of patients.
Variety of lung involvement in autoimmune liver diseases
Authors: Akulkina L A , Brovko M Yu , Sholomova V I , Rozina T P , Yanakayeva A S , Frantsuzevich L Ya , Lebedeva M V , Fomin V V
Published: October 2018

The primary autoimmune liver diseases conventionally include primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Despite of primary autoimmune affection of different parts of the hepatobiliary system, in the recent decades, a lot of data has emerged indicating the presence of extrahepatic manifestations of these diseases, in particular, lung lesions, such as nodular and interstitial changes with possible progression and development of fibrosis and respiratory failure. In case of lungs disease, both pulmonary parenchyma and lung vessels, pleura, and intrathoracic lymph nodes can be involved. The most sensitive and specific procedure to assess the extent of the lung lesions and their evolution is high-resolution computed tomography. Due to the possibility of long-term asymptomatic course of the pulmonary disease with development of irreversible changes in patients with autoimmune liver diseases, it seems reasonable to conduct screening studies aimed at early detection and treatment of lung lesions in this population.
Problems of nociception in gastroesophageal reflux disease: diagnostics and treatment of irritated oesophagus
Authors: Sablin O A , Ilchishina T A
Published: October 2018

The following factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pathogenesis are addressed in the abstract: activation of nociceptors, hyperexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of functional activity of immune competent cells. The current classification of GERD is given which is based on identification of 4 phenotypes of the disease according to diagnostic criteria and prognosis of treatment effectiveness. Importance of pH-impedance monitoring in GERD diagnostics is demonstrated based on its primary significance for identification of reflux nature and determination of relationship between GERD symptoms and reflux. The diagnostics criteria of functional heartburn and hypersensitive oesophagus according to Rome IV criteria (2016) are presented. The data of the private investigation are demonstrated according to which irritated oesophagus was observed in 26.2% of healthy persons and in 24.2% of GERD patients with endoscopic or pH-metric symptoms of the disease. Implication of oesophagus clearance disorder in GERD pathogenesis has been pointed out. An overview of the current literature data about effectiveness of surgical treatment in patients with different GERD phenotypes and also assessment of clinical effectiveness of long-term treatment with PPI are given. Advantages of anti-secretory drug of the last generation rabeprazole in different patient groups and possibilities of its use in all GERD phenotypes have been discussed.
The prevalence of multimorbidity: discussion about the terminology, registration and its effect on patient’s health care utilization
Authors: Chukayeva I I , Samorodskaya I V , Larina V N
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the present review is to bring into focus the issues regarding terminological and registration aspects of multimorbidity we come across in the modern literature. Key questions regarding the definitions for the most widely used terms «comorbidity», «polymorbidity» and «multimorbidity» are discussed. We also considered the aspects of their origin and distinctive features between the concepts. The interaction between illnesses can exacerbate one another, modify the clinical picture and course of illnesses, the nature and severity of complications, lead to a progressive worsening of the prognosis and quality of life in patients. It has been proposed that the terms of “comorbidity» (in case of presence of the pathogenesis interrelation) or “polimorbidity» (in case of absence of the pathogenesis interrelation) are the most appropriate diagnostic and treatment patterns for practice and epidemiological study. «Multimorbidity» seems to be a more appropriate term for clinical practice usage, because it involves not only diagnosis but also interaction between diagnosises, symptoms/syndromes, the mobility or self-care problems et al. The algorithm of the managing patients with multimorbidity is presented.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the hybrid scheme for eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Yurenev G L , Partzvania-Vinogradova E V , Andreev D N , Dicheva D T , Maiev I V
Published: October 2018

The aim is to conduct a comprehensive comparative study of the efficacy and safety of the hybrid scheme of eradication therapy (ET) in patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum associated with Helicobacter pylori. Materials and methods. In a prospective, randomized comparative study, 180 patients were divided into three equal groups of 60 people, depending on the prescribed 10-day ET regimen. Group 1 - the standard triple scheme (omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin); group 2 - four-component therapy with preparations of bismuth (omeprazole, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth tricalium dicitrate); group 3 - hybrid scheme (first 5 days: omeprazole and amoxicillin, the next 5 days: omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole). The effectiveness of ET was determined with the help of a breath test a month after the end of therapy. Adverse events were recorded by patients in specially developed diaries. Pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out using the "cost-effectiveness" method with calculation of the CER coefficient. Results and discussion. The effectiveness of standard triple therapy was 73.3% (ITT), 75.9% (PP); four-component therapy with bismuth preparations - 78.3% (ITT), 82.4% (PP); hybrid scheme - 85% (ITT), 91% (PP). Hybrid therapy proved to be significantly more effective than standard triple therapy with a odds ratio (OR) of 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.73 (p=0.043, χ2=4.75, p-level=0.029298). The incidence of adverse events with the use of triple, four-component and hybrid ET regimens was 15; 18.3 and 28.3% respectively. The OR of at least one adverse event in patients receiving a hybrid ET regimen compared with triple therapy was 2.24 (95% CI 0.91-5.53, p=0.0823, χ2=3.14, p-level=0.076394), and compared with the four-component therapy - 1.76 (95% CI 0.74-4.17, p=0.2804, χ2=1.68, p-level=0.194924). According to the results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, the most profitable from an economic point of view was a hybrid ET scheme with a CER of 20.1. The conclusion. Hybrid therapy showed the greatest effectiveness in comparison with the triple and four-component ET regimens, however, the incidence of side effects in patients receiving the hybrid ET scheme was higher, although it remained within the acceptable level for use in clinical practice. Pharmacoeconomic analysis also showed the advisability of designating a hybrid ET scheme. The obtained data allow to draw a conclusion about the necessity of further study of the efficiency and safety of the hybrid ET scheme.
Modern achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of the refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Ivashkin V T , Maev I V , Trukhmanov A S , Rumyantseva D E
Published: October 2018

Purpose of the review to present up-to-date data on the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment of the refractory form of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Refractory GERD is the preservation of typical symptoms of the disease and/or incomplete healing of the esophageal mucosa against the background of taking a standard dose of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) once a day for 8 weeks. The reasons for the lack of response to the treatment are divided into related to the patient, related to therapy, and not related to GERD. Diagnostic approaches include x-ray examination of the esophagus and stomach, endoscopy with biopsy, 24-hour Impedance-pH monitoring, esophageal manometry. Depending on the reasons for the lack of response to the therapy, treatment may include lifestyle changes, doubling the dose of PPI, replacing PPI with another, adding H2-receptor antagonists, prokinetics, antacids, alginates and adsorbents. If conservative treatment is ineffective, it is possible to consider alternative methods, such as surgical treatment. Refractory GERD is a serious clinical problem. The absence of an answer to 8-week therapy with PPI requires a thorough differential diagnosis using additional examination methods. The identification of the causes of refractory to the therapy allows to optimize the approaches to its overcoming and to choose the optimal treatment.
Efficacy of Arbidol in the prevention of virus-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Titova O N , Petrova M A , Shklyarevich N A , Kuzubova N A , Aleksandrov A L , Kovaleva L F , Kozyrev A G , Kulikov V D
Published: October 2018

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of Arbidol in the influenza and ARVI preventing in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. This study was an open label and prospective during epidemic period of 2016-2017 years. 100 outpatients aged 18 to 80 years with verified asthma and/or COPD, were enrolled to therapy group, and received oral umifenovir 200 mg once daily for 14 days and then 200 mg twice a week for 3 weeks.The medical records data for the same epidemic period of 2016-2017 seasons of the same patients during witch they received no prophylaxis was taken as a control. The data analysis was made by applying parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. Results and discussion. Seasonal and post-exposure prophylaxis using umifenovir was associated with 2.6-times reduction in influenza and ARVI morbidity compared to control. In diseased patients (ARVI) of the therapy group the number of patients with mild illness prevailed (62.2%) and was significantly differed from control (37.1%). Severity of catarrhal symptoms and intoxication, was reduced with umifenovir prophylaxis course and were mild in 67.6% and 67.6% respectively of therapy group compared with 43.3% and 46.4% of control. Influenza and ARVI complications were only detected in control group (4 cases). The percentage of patients with incidents of underlying disease exacerbation was 42% in therapy group and 93% in control group. Also, exacerbation in the therapy group were mild in 59.5% and 34.4% in control group, while moderate exacerbation prevailed in control group and was in 59.1% of cases with was significantly higher then in therapy group (39.3%). Results in more frequent use of adjuvant in the control group compared with the therapy group (81.7% and 59.5% respectively). Patients of control group had a higher risk of hospitalizations due to underlying disease aggravation (11.8%), compared with therapy group (9.5%) but these differences were not significant. Coclusion. Seasonal and post-exposure prophylaxis with Arbidol reduce influenza and ARVI morbidity in patients with asthma and COPD during epidemic period, frequency and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aggravations resulting in decrease in the number of hospitalizations. Also, prophylaxis with Arbidol reduced the severity of catarrhal symptoms and intoxication.
The clinical significance of insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shipovskaya A A , Dudanova O P , Kurbatova I V
Published: October 2018

Aim. To assess the presence of insulin resistance (IR) in non-diabetic patients with early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - liver steatosis (LS) and steatohepatitis (SH) of mild activity and the influence of IR on the clinical course of these diseases. Materials and methods. 134 patients with NAFLD were examined: 54 with LS and 80 with SH. The control group consisted of 37 healthy donors. Anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), clinical and biochemical blood indices, including the blood level of cytokeratin-18 fragments (CK-18), TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, insulin were evaluated. The HOMA index and the fibrosis index (NAFLD FS) were calculated. Patients were divided into groups: I - with the absence of IR (HOMA-index 2.7). Results and discussion. Indicators of hepatic injury, inflammation, cholestasis, fibrosis and atherogenic dyslipidemia are higher in patients with LS of group II (with IR) than in group I patients (without IR). BMI, WC, γ-glutamil transpeptidase, CK-18 and fibrosis index are significantly higher in group II patients with SH compared with group I, there is no significant difference in the level of cytolysis, inflammation and dyslipidemia indices. A high incidence of IR in non-diabetic patients with LS (37.0%) and SH (55.0%) was found and the effect of IR on the clinical course of these diseases was revealed. Conclusion. Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with NAFLD was detected in SH (55.0%) with higher frequency than in LS (37.0%). In LS, IR is associated with impaired hepatic cell damage, intrahepatic cholestasis, atherogenic dyslipidemia and fibrosis. In SH, IR is combined with reliable growth in indicators of hepatocyte apoptosis, cytokine proinflammatory status and fibrosis. IR determines the progressing course of NAFLD, promoting the transformation of steatosis into steatohepatitis and steatohepatitis into fibrosis and liver cirrhosis.
Differential diagnosis of ascites in internal medicine: clinical case
Authors: Tikhonov I N , Zharkova M S , Maevskaya M V , Zozulya V N , Leschenko V I , Nekrasova T P , Arslanyan M G , Musina N P , Tatarkina M A , Rzaev R T , Puzakov K B , Ivashkin V T , Malikova M S
Published: October 2018

Ascites and hydrothorax may be the symptoms of congestive heart failure and do not always reflects presense of the decompensated liver cirrhosis. Clinical examination of patient with chronic hepatitis C which cyanosis of the lips, cervival veins pulsation, a triple heart rhythm indicated on pathology of the heart (constrictive pericarditis), which was confirmed by instrumental methods. Congestive heart failure has lead to the congestive liver in a young female patient. Regression of all the symptoms of heart failure occurred after surgical treatment (pericardectomy).
Inhibition of HIF-prolyl 4-hydroxylases as a promising approach to the therapy of cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Aitbaev K A , Murkamilov I T , Fomin V V
Published: October 2018

Prolyl-4-hydroxylases of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-P4Hs) are enzymes that, under the conditions of normoxia, cause degradation of the HIF-transcriptional protein, which regulates a number of metabolic processes, including erythropoiesis, glucose level and lipid metabolism. In hypoxic conditions, on the contrary, their activity is suppressed and HIF stabilization takes place. This mechanism, i.e. stabilization of HIF by inhibition of HIF-P4Hs was the basis for the development of drugs designed for treatment of renal anemia, which are currently in stages 2 and 3 of clinical trials and are showing encouraging results. Recently, it has also been reported that inhibition of HIF-P4Hs can be effective in treatment of cardiometabolic diseases - coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. The review, based on the most recent data, discusses in detail molecular mechanisms of therapeutic effect of HIF-P4Hs inhibition in these pathological conditions and provides evidence that these mechanisms are associated with HIF stabilization and gene expression, improving perfusion and endothelial function, reprogramming metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, reducing inflammation and having beneficial effect on the innate immune system.
NSAID-induced enteropathy: the current state of the problem
Authors: Svistunov A A , Osadchuk M A , Kireeva N V , Hudarova A A , Achkasov E E
Published: October 2018

The review analyzes the main etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of NSAID-enteropathy. Particular attention is paid to the role of intestinal microbiota in the manifestation and progression of NSAID-enteropathy. The special role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of NSAIDs enteropathy is considered.
Genesis of the Rationality in the Old Russian Book: From the Sensual Image to the Abstract Concept
Authors: Gerasimova Irina , Milkov Vladimir
Published: October 2018

In the article the authors put and discuss the problem of rationality in the culture of Old Russia in the context of contemporary discussions on the prob- lems of rationality. Enlighteners of Peter's time adhered to the view of the total absence of intellectual life in Old Russia. Authors distinguish various areas of intellectual activity: the study of nature, mathematical and chronological works, the use of logical tools in apologetics and polemics, medical practices, political strategies, translation activity, understanding of the inner nature of man. The evolution of Old Russian language passed along the line of transformations of concrete-figurative thinking into conceptual, abstract thinking. In the processes of mastering philosophical concepts, the formation of an analytical system of language on a logico-verbal basis takes place. In the formation of a verbal-ordered language, the key role was played by symbols-concrete things, verbal and abstract. Fundamental philosophical concepts stem from symbols. Specific-proprietary and conceptual languages have different expressive and cognitive capabilities. Allegory, analogy, thought experiment (design), isolation of an abstract trait, visualization are typical techniques of figurative thinking. Modern Russian language absorbed the features of both figurative and logical construction. The digital era opens up new possibilities for visual methods of encoding information.
EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations Over the Right Frontal Cortex Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams
Authors: Sikka Pilleriin , revonsuo antti , Noreika Valdas , Valli Katja
Published: October 2018

Affective experiences are central not only to our waking life but also to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams. While the neural correlates of REM sleep are well documented, we know little about the neural correlates of dream affect. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered a marker of affective states and traits as well as affect regulation in the waking state. Here, we explored whether FAA during REM sleep and during evening resting wakefulness is related to affective experiences in REM sleep dreams. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were obtained from participants who spent two nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants were awakened five minutes after the onset of every REM stage after which they provided a dream report and rated their dream affect. Two-minute pre-awakening EEG preceding each dream report were analyzed. Additionally, eight minutes of evening pre-sleep and morning post-sleep EEG were recorded during resting wakefulness. Mean spectral power in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) and corresponding FAA were calculated over the frontal (F4-F3) sites. Results showed that FAA during REM sleep, and during evening resting wakefulness, predicted ratings of dream anger. This suggests that individuals with lower right frontal activity (reflected in increased alpha power) may be less able to regulate (i.e., inhibit) strong affective states, such as anger, in dreams. Additionally, FAA was positively correlated across wakefulness and REM sleep. These findings imply that FAA may serve as a neural correlate of state and trait affect regulation not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state.
Performance of Outdoor Lamp Implementation for Visible Light Communication under Ambient Environment
Authors: Sitanggang Ronaldo Soritua , Darlis Denny , Noviyanti Karina Wahyu
Published: October 2018

This article is preprint for ASAIS 2018 - Visible Light Communication is the name given to wireless communication systems that convey information by modulating visible light by the human eye. Interest in the field of VLC has grown rapidly along with the development of LEDs as a source of lighting. The motivation is clear: If the room is lit by an LED, why not use it further for the communication provider, along with the lighting facilities at the same time? At the sending side, VLC technology uses LED lighting lamps which are currently very popular to replace incandescent lamps and TL (Fluorescent Lamp) lamps. Visible light communication has many advantages, including security, speed, and convenience to be applied to users to send various types of information including digital data such as text and images. Several studies have been conducted previously regarding the application of information delivery systems using VLC such as sending voice, digital data, images, and video. However, it has not been clearly stated the influence of various lighting lamps used on the system mentioned above such as electrical and optical power used, the angle of transmission and optimal distance with the influence of environmental conditions that cause information transmission losses. Data that can be sent well use yard lighting with a maximum distance of 130 cm with 15 lx light intensity, street lighting with a maximum distance of 400 cm with 6 lx light intensity, and vehicle lights with a maximum distance of 270 cm with 12 lx light intensity.
Spatial suppression due to statistical regularities is driven by distractor suppression not by target activation
Authors: Failing Michel , Wang Benchi , Theeuwes Jan
Published: October 2018

Where and what we attend to is not only determined by what we are currently looking for but also by what we have encountered in the past. Recent studies suggest that biasing the probability by which distractors appear at locations in visual space may lead to attentional suppression of high probability distractor locations which effectively reduces capture by a distractor but also impairs target selection at this location. However, in many of these studies introducing a high probability distractor location was tantamount to increasing the probability of the target appearing in any of the other locations (i.e. the low probability distractor locations). Here, we investigate an alternative interpretation of previous findings according to which attentional selection at high probability distractor locations is not suppressed. Instead, selection at low probability distractor locations is facilitated. In two visual search tasks, we found no evidence for this hypothesis: neither when there was only a bias in target presentation but no bias in distractor presentation (Experiment 1), nor when there was only a bias in distractor presentation but no bias in target presentation (Experiment 2). We conclude that recurrent presentation of a distractor in a specific location leads to attentional suppression of that location through a mechanism that is unaffected by any regularities regarding the target location.
Ideology and Public Support for the Supreme Court
Authors: Haglin Kathryn , Jordan Soren , Merrill Alison Higgins , Ura Joseph Daniel
Published: October 2018

An extensive literature spanning political science, law, and other fields recognizes that public support for judicial authority insulates courts from political pressures and catalyzes compliance with judicial decisions. The nexus between public sentiment and judicial power is especially salient for the Supreme Court of the United States, whose unelected members exercise judicial review of federal and state laws and executive actions. Yet, a variety of data indicate declining public support for the United States Supreme Court over the last decade or more. Here, we develop and assess an account of ideological asymmetries in public support for the Supreme Court. We find that specific support for the Supreme Court is more strongly negatively related to perceptions that the Court is overly liberal than perceptions that the Court is overly conservative.
Manevi Zekanın İç Yönelimli Dindarlık, Affetme Esnekliği ve Öznel İyi Oluşla İlişkisi
Authors: KARAKAŞ Ahmet Canan
Published: October 2018

Spiritual intelligence is an improvable skill
that is influential in the process of coping with the difficulties of the
individual. Intrinsic religiosity and forgiveness relate to spiritual
intelligence. When these skills are developed, subjective well-being and
psychological well-being may increase. In this study, the relationship between
spiritual intelligence, intrinsic religiosity, forgiveness, and subjective
well-being influence have been investigated. There was a significant positive
correlation between the variables. There was a significant positive correlation
between the variables. However, there was no significant difference between the
variables in terms of gender and faculty. According to the results of multiple
regression analysis, forgiveness flexibility, intrinsic religiosity, and
subjective well-being were found to account for 12.9% of spiritual
intelligence. When the individual's spiritual intelligence evolved, it was
observed that forgiveness flexibility and intrinsic
religiosity could also develop.
Sûfî Geleneğin Çokkültürlü Yaşama Katkısı
Authors: IŞITAN İbrahim
Published: October 2018

Sufism, as a
discipline investigating the spiritual dimension of Islamic belief, focuses on
the attitudes and behaviors which are necessary for the spiritual development
of the individual. Because the individual possesses the spiritual character,
sufi individual ensures the development of spiritual dimension of the religion,
which contributes to a deep understanding of human dimensions. When considered
from this point of view, Sufi life contributes to multiculturalism with respect
to coexistence of with varied cultures which is emphasized today. Since the
obligation of people has in different beliefs and cultures to live together, it
is a necessity to determine the basic principles of co-existence culture.
Mutual respect, understanding and especially understanding the thoughts of
individuals who are different from our own beliefs and culture, and sensation
of their shared perception with us is an essential condition for living
together. From this perspective, it is possible to say that the Sufi way of
life, developing notion by centering on the human and its tendencies,
contributes to the multicultural life.
التعزير بالسجن
Authors: AL ALI Omar
Published: October 2018

شرع الله – تعالى- التعزير عقوبة للمجرم في الذنب الذي لا حدَّ له ولا
كفارة، وجعل التعزير علاجًا لكثير من قضايا المجتمع ومشكلاته.ومقصد الشريعة من التعزير: الردع والإصلاح، والتأهيل والتقويم؛ لذلك
ينبغي أن تكون نية المُعزر بريئة من الانتقام والتشفي ومن أشهر العقوبات التعزيرية
وأنجعها السجن، إذ فيه حبس الحرية وتقييدها. 
وفي ذلك عذاب أليم للمجرم، وردع له عن الذنب، مع حفظ الكرامة الإنسانية.

والسجن
معروف لدى الأمم السابقة من عرب وترك وفرس ورومان وغيرهم، ولا يعرف تاريخ دقيق
لأول سجن في العالم. وقد أقرَّ الإسلام
التعزير بالسجن لقضايا كثيرة منها: عدم سداد الدين، ووجود التهمة، وتأديب العاصي
حتى يرجع عن معصيته ولا حدَّ لأقل مدة السجن أو لأكثرها. فلربما
لا تزيد مدته عن ساعة، وقد تستمر مدى الحياة، لذلك فصَّل الفقهاء في مدد السجن،
بما يتناسب مع كل حالة يقضيها
بلاغة أسلوب الخبر في سورة إبراهيم
Authors: DERSHAWİ Sahl
Published: October 2018

لما كانت معجزة القرآن
الكريم في بلاغة نظمه وأساليبه، فإن إثبات ذلك طريقه دراسة خصائصه اللغوية ومنهجه
في عرض المعاني والأفكار. وفي هذا السياق يسعى البحث إلى عرض أسلوب القرآن الكريم
في إلقاء الأخبار، على ضوء من القواعد البلاغية المتفق عليها عند أهل اللغة،
متخذاً سورة إبراهيم حقلاً للدراسة، وقد استوى البحث في ثلاثة مباحث : تناول في
الأول خروج الخبر في السورة إلى معان بلاغية متنوعة ومتعددة، ولاحظ تلون الغرض
البلاغي وفق مضمون الخبر والغاية التي سيق لأجلها، ثم برهن في المبحث الثاني على
دقة البيان الإلهي في توكيد الخبر مراعياً في ذلك حال المخاطب، وظهر للباحث أن
أكثر ما ورد الخبر في السورة موشحاً بثوبه الإنكاري لمناسبته جو السورة،
وموضوعاتها المتعلقة بالعقيدة محل الخلاف بين الرسل والكافرين من أقوامهم. أما
المبحث الثالث فكان لعرض الدواعي البلاغية التي جعلت البيان الإلهي يخرج على
القاعدة العامة في توكيد الخبر فينزل المنكر منزلة المقر والمقر منزلة المنكر.
Sabır Tutumunun Sürekli Öfke İfade Tarzlarına ve Öfke Kontrolüne Etkisi
Authors: KARAKAŞ Ahmet
Published: October 2018

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı
sabır tutumunun öfke kontrolüne etki düzeyi olup nicel bir çalışmadır. Sabır ve
öfke insani duygulardır. Öfke negatif, sabır ise tavsiye edilen duygudur.
Çalışmada Üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerine sabır tutum ölçeği ile sürekli öfke
ve öfke ifade tarzları ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya 108 kız, 71 erkek
olmak üzere toplamda 179 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcıların 71’i İlahiyat
Fakültesinde, 108’i Edebiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görmektedir. Verilerin
korelasyon ve regresyon sonuçları analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre
sabır tutumu yüksek olan bireylerde sürekli öfke, öfke içte ve öfke dışta alt
boyutlarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş gözlenmiş, aynı zamanda öfke
kontrolünde anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. Öfke kontrolünde uzun süreli sabır
ve kişiler arası sabır alt boyutlarının anlamlı etkisi gözlenirken, kısa süreli
sabrın anlamlı düzeyde bir etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar üzerinde cinsiyet ve
eğitim farklılıklarının bir etkisi ya da ilişkisi gözlenmemiştir. Bu sonuçlara
göre bireylerin sabır tutumlarını geliştirdiklerinde öfke kontrol becerileri de
gelişebilir.
Preterm Labor and the Associated Factors
Authors: Adjie Seno , Meily Meily , Permatasari Ranti P
Published: October 2018

Objective: To determine the risk factors that affect preterm labor in

Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Methods: This was an analytic descriptive study done in Emergency

Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to December

2014. We recruited all women who gave birth in Emergency Unit of

Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to December 2014 with

gestational age less than 37 weeks. Of the total sampling method, we

got 365 patients. We analyzed the data using chi square.

Results: The characteristic age of subjects were 14.0% of less than

20 years old, 69.0% of 21-35 years old, and the rest were more than

35 years old. Most subjects (93.1%) were employed, 94.5% were

married once, 62.3% of subjects had cesarean section history, 73.7%

were primiparous, only 4.4% had history more than 1 abortion, and

most of them were at 33-36 weeks of gestation. Socio-demographic

factor associated with preterm labor and Preterm Premature

Rupture of Membrane (PPROM) was age (p=0.011; OR 1.74; 95% CI

1.136-2.679). Obstetric history associated with preterm labor and

PPROM was parity (p=0.017; OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.132-2.878).

Conclusion: In this study, age and parity are associated with

preterm labor and PPROM.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 3-7]

Keywords: obstetric history, parity, PPROM, preterm labor,

socio-demographic factors
Hypoglycemic potential of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit polysaccharide on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Ya , Zou Hongmei , Sun Cui , Guo Tao , Feng Zaiping
Published: October 2018

In this study, the hyperglycemic potential of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit polysaccharide in both normal healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice was investigated. Results showed no significant effect of E. angustifolia fruit polysaccharide on blood glucose level in normal control group, while E. angustifolia significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose of diabetic mice. In addition, in the first two weeks of administration, the body weight was decreased both in negative control group and E. angustifolia groups, however, E. angustifolia  (800 mg/kg) was recovered to the began weight in the fourth week. E. angustifolia (800 mg/kg) could markedly reduce the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and improve the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The results suggest that E. angustifolia could be considered as an ingredient of functional foods for diabetes.

Video Clip of Methodology:

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New bioactive triaryl triglyceride esters: Synthesis, characterization and biological activities
Authors: Arshad Tanzila , Sheikh Hamdullah Khadim , Kazmi Mehdi Hassan , Farheen Sadia , Sohail Tehmina , Lateef Mehreen
Published: October 2018

Four new bioactive aryl triester derivatives of glycerol and benzoic acids were synthesized. The synthetic compounds were studied for their antimicrobial and urease inhibition activities. Esterification was carried out by using carbonyldiimidazole to enhance the acyl elimination addition reaction with benzoic acid derivatives. The structure of triglycerides were studied by EI-MS, 1H, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. All synthetic compounds showed urease inhibition activity with highest value of IC50 value 22.4 ± 0.45 μM which is nearest to standard thiourea IC50 value (21.6 ± 0.12 μM).  Except compound (3d), all other compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albican.

Video Clip of Methodology:

7 min 59 sec   Full Screen   Alternate  
The Management of Patients with Heart Failure and Depression: a Systematic Review
Authors: Ribeiro Débora Laésia Saraiva , Lima Sylvia Rannyelle Teixeira , Feitosa Geniefesson Leandro da Silva , Pimentel João Vitor Cândido , Mendes Herbert Lima , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: October 2018

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and incapacitant disease with bad prognosis, and it is commonly related to psychosocial comorbidities that difficult treatment adhesion. The prevalence of depression in HF varies from 20 to 40%, occurring 3 to 5 times more frequently in patients with HF than general population. The coexistence of depressive symptoms depreciates heart condition in patients with HF: depressive symptoms predict mortality, re-hospitalization, and an augment of symptoms in those patients. Aiming to clarify certain aspects of this comorbidity, it was performed a systematic review using Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases, correlating HF and depression, from January 1, 2013, to August 20, 2017, by means of the descriptors found in MeSH: “heart failure” and "depression".

Methods:Data screening applied combinations, as follows: #1. “Heart Failure” [MeSH Terms]; #2. “Depression” [MeSH Terms]; #3. “Management” [Keyword], using the following research strategy: (#1 AND #2) AND #3.

Results:Improvement in depression levels through interventions using telephone is extensively reported in literature, based on providing information about the disease, self-care accompaniment, or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Because of this, it is shown as an effective alternative in depression, improving surviving rates. Equally effective interventions were the empowering of the patient and the familial engagement in caring, palliative care and multidisciplinary participation in construction of caring program.

Conclusions: Curiously, physical exercises did not show, statistically, efficiency in depression improvement, and few were the articles approaching antidepressant medications use in this class of patient.
Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in North Lebanon
Authors: Hamze Monzer
Published: October 2018

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies reported that Lebanon is affected with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria in North Lebanon during the period 2015-2017.

Methods. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated from patients referring to Nini hospital and Youssef hospital center. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, respectively.

Results. Overall, a total of 290 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 39.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Enterobacter spp. (6.6%), Pantoea spp. (1%), and Proteus vulgaris (0.3%). Our findings showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacteria every year. On the other hand, colistin, tigecycline, amikacin and fosfomycin remain the most effective agents against carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria.

Conclusion. This study provided important new laboratory data that could support specialists in infectious diseases in North Lebanon to take the appropriate decision in the treatment of patients at risk for infections with carbapenem resistant Gram negative germs.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Nickel(II) Complexes of 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-Naphthyl)-1,3-Butanedione and Their Adducts
Authors: Omoregie Helen Oluwatola
Published: October 2018

Nickel(II) complex of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-Naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione(tfnb) and its 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), ethylenediamine (en) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) adducts were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, electronic spectral, magnetic susceptibility measurements and antimicrobial activities. Three other nickel(II) compounds were synthesized along with these compounds. The bands in the 1651-1513 cm-1 have been assigned as ν(C=O) + ν(C=C). The infrared and electronic spectral measurements are indicative of a probable six-coordinate octahedral geometry for all the nickel(II) complexes and adducts. The antimicrobial activity shows that [Ni(tfnb)2]2H2O complex and its adducts have no antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Inhibitors of BMP‐1/tolloid‐like proteinases: efficacy, selectivity and cellular toxicity
Authors: Talantikite Maya , Lécorché Pascaline , Beau Fabrice , Damour Odile , Becker‐Pauly Christoph , Ho Wen‐Bin , Dive Vincent , Vadon‐Le Goff Sandrine , Moali Catherine
Published: October 2018

BMP‐1/tolloid‐like proteinases belong to the astacin family of human metalloproteinases, together with meprins and ovastacin. They represent promising targets to treat or prevent a wide range of diseases such as fibrotic disorders or cancer. However, the study of their pathophysiological roles is still impaired by the lack of well‐characterized inhibitors and the questions that remain regarding their selectivity and in vivo efficiency. As a first step towards the identification of suitable tools to be used in functional studies, we have undertaken a systematic comparison of seven molecules known to affect the proteolytic activity of human astacins including three hydroxamates (FG‐2575, UK383,367, S33A), the protein sizzled, a new phosphinic inhibitor (RXP‐1001) and broad‐spectrum protease inhibitors (GM6001, actinonin). Their efficacy in vitro, their cellular toxicity and efficacy in cell cultures were thoroughly characterized. We found that these molecules display very different potency and selectivity profiles, with hydroxamate FG‐2575 and the protein sizzled being very powerful and selective inhibitors of BMP‐1, whereas phosphinic peptide RXP‐1001 behaves as a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of astacins. Their use should therefore be carefully considered in agreement with the aim of the study to avoid result misinterpretation.
Estimation of plastic deformation capacity for I‐shaped beams with local buckling under compressive and tensile forces
Authors: Kimura Yoshihiro , Suzuki Atsushi , Kasai Kazuhiko
Published: October 2018

During earthquakes, I‐shaped beams installed in a braced structure are subjected to a bending moment and compressive and tensile axial forces transmitted from the braces. The buckling behavior of a beam under the impact of an earthquake is thereby more complex than that under no axial force or constant compressive axial forces considered in previous studies. In this paper, cyclic loading tests and numerical analyses are presented with emphasis on cyclic buckling behavior and moment and deformation capacity of the beams subjected to synchronized flexural and axial loading. As a result, it is confirmed that the I‐shaped beams originate local buckling under compressive axial force, whereas the strength is regained up to the full plastic bending moment under tensile force. Based on the results obtained, this paper presents evaluation formulae for estimating the ultimate strength, plastic deformation capacity, and cumulative plastic deformation capacity. Finally, an empirical formula to convert cumulative plastic deformation capacity into hysteretic energy dissipation is proposed.
Forensic voice discrimination by lay listeners: The effect of speech type and background noise on performance
Authors: Smith Harriet M.J. , Baguley Thom S. , Robson Jeremy , Dunn Andrew K. , Stacey Paula C.
Published: October 2018

In forensic settings, lay (nonexpert) listeners may be required to compare voice samples for identity. In two experiments we investigated the effect of background noise and variations in speaking style on performance. In each trial, participants heard two recordings, responded whether the voices belonged to the same person, and provided a confidence rating. In Experiment 1, the first recording featured read speech and the second featured read or spontaneous speech. Both recordings were presented in quiet, or with background noise. Accuracy was highest when recordings featured the same speaking style. In Experiment 2, background noise either occurred in the first or second recording. Accuracy was higher when it occurred in the second. The overall results reveal that both speaking style and background noise can disrupt accuracy. Although there is a relationship between confidence and accuracy in all conditions, it is variable. The forensic implications of these findings are discussed.
Investigation of droplet coalescence propelled by dielectrophoresis
Authors: Datta Saikat , Ma Yanbao , Das Arup K. , Das Prasanta K.
Published: October 2018

We propose dielectrophoretic force driven coalescence of droplets having equal or nonequal sizes with an electrode base actuation system over a solid surface. Coupled electrohydrodynamic conservation equations are solved to simulate the phenomenon based on finite volume scheme. Volume of fluid technique is used to capture the interface. Electric potential and dissimilarity index are varied to comprehend the coalescence dynamics. The interplay between the capillary and electrostatic influences during the coalescence is analyzed by tracking the dimension of the liquid connection formed at the onset of fusion. Efforts have been made to characterize the liquid bridge formation as a function of inertia normalized time scale. The capillary force showed higher dominance in the initial period of agglomeration. The electrostatic influence can be perceived at the latter stages of the growth of liquid connection. Directional predilection in the flow field is observed during the coalescence of dissimilar droplets. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 829–839, 2019
Primate tails: Ancestral state reconstruction and determinants of interspecific variation in primate tail length
Authors: Sehner Sandro , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Living primates vary considerably in tail length‐body size relation, ranging from tailless species to those where the tail is more than twice as long as the body. Because the general pattern and determinants of tail evolution remain incompletely known, we reconstructed evolutionary changes in relative tail length across all primates and sought to explain interspecific variation in this trait.

Methods

We combined data on tail length, head‐body length, intermembral index (IMI), habitat use, locomotion type, and range latitude for 340 species from published sources. We reconstructed the evolution of relative tail length to identify all independent cases of regime shifts on a primate phylogeny, using several methods based on Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck (OU) models. Accounting for phylogeny, we also examined the effects of habitat, locomotion type, distance from the equator and IMI on interspecific variation in tail length‐body size relation.

Results

Primate tail length is not sexually dimorphic. A phylogenetic reconstruction allowing multiple optima explains the observed regime shifts best. During the evolutionary history of primates, relative tail length changed 50 times under an OU model. Specifically, relative tail length increased 26 and decreased 24 times. Most of these changes occurred among Old World primates. Among the variables tested here, interspecific variation in IMI and the difference between leaping and non‐leaping locomotion explained interspecific variation in relative tail length: Evolutionary decreases in relative tail length are generally associated with an increase in IMI and an absence of leaping behavior.

Conclusions

Regime shifts for relative tail length in living primates occurred in concert with fundamental changes in IMI and a change from leaping to non‐leaping locomotion, or vice versa. Exceptions from this general pattern are linked to the presence of a prehensile tail or specialized foraging strategies. Thus, the primate tail appears to have evolved in functional coordination with limb proportions, presumably to assist body balance.