bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customary and Islamic Practices in Inheritance Distribution: Insights from The Gampong Customary Court in Pidie
Authors: Husen Ismail Faisal , Muzana Zaitun , Hamat Zahri , Sulong Jasni
Published: January 2025

This study explores the methods of inheritance distribution employed by the Gampong Customary Court (Peradilan Adat Gampong) in Pidie. The research aims to shed light on the foundations and decision-making processes behind resolving inheritance disputes in the court. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study incorporates both secondary and primary data. Secondary data were gathered through literature reviews of dissertations, books, journals, and newspaper articles, while primary data were collected through interviews. A purposive sampling method was employed, selecting eight informants, including community leaders, religious figures, customary leaders, and intellectuals. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the relevance and accuracy of interview questions. Content analysis was used to examine both primary and secondary data. The study found that the Gampong Customary Court primarily relies on Islamic law and local customs when handling inheritance disputes. This study highlights several practical implications for inheritance management in Pidie, Aceh. The application of ijbari principles ensures compliance with Islamic teachings while respecting local customs. Practitioners must be proficient in both legal frameworks. Additionally, the suloh/syura model, which prioritizes consensus and dialogue, can be employed to resolve inheritance disputes and foster family harmony. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the role of local leaders in resolving inheritance conflicts to build community trust and reduce the caseload in Sharia courts.
The Crisis in Red Sea Region: Legal and Socio-Economic Impact on International Commerce
Authors: Owoche Antai Godswill , Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Mukhlis Muhammad Mutawalli , Maskun Maskun , Tajuddin Muhammad Saleh , Yeyeng Andi Tentri
Published: January 2025

The continued hijack of shipping vessels on the Red Sea by extremists who claim to have declared war against Israel is one of those blowouts that have been caused by the Israel - Hamas conflict. The journey to unencumbered waters and unfettered shipping access itself has led to several agreements between sovereign states towards the maintenance of seamless high-seas traffic. Unfortunately, non-state actors occasionally come on the scene to wreak havoc and destabilize the fragile peace on international waterways. It is in this regard, that this study tends to examine the Red Sea crisis as it affects global shipping maritime transit and economic growth, especially of African countries vis-a-vis the UN Security Council's role of maintaining world peace and security. The study adopts a doctrinal method of study, the data obtained from primary and secondary sources such as laws and academic literature were analyzed using a descriptive and analytical method. The study therefore found that Rebels are using the pretext of Israel's attacks on Gaza to perpetrate piracy. The Israel - Hamas deadlock has created a deadlocked lose-lose situation for the international community and resulted in new incidents of insecurity within the Red Sea. The study therefore concludes and recommends that the United Nations as the global police especially through the UN Security Council examine all options for securing peace and stability in the Red Sea region as attacks on shipping vessels have global ramifications affecting multiple nationalities and invariably affecting world peace. Keywords: Crisis, Red Sea, Legal, Socio-Economic, International, Commerce.
A Comparative Analysis of Mechanisms for Settlement of Election Disputes: Case Studies of Indonesia and South Africa
Authors: Sistyawan Dwanda Julisa , Saraswati Retno , ALW Lila Tyesta , Sally Novian Uticha , Jayawibawa Marcellus
Published: January 2025

This study provides a comparative analysis of the mechanisms for settling election disputes in Indonesia and South Africa, focusing on transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. Despite notable democratic advancements, both nations continue to grapple with challenges that could undermine the legitimacy of electoral outcomes and democratic stability. The research investigates how transparent and inclusive these mechanisms are, the extent of public scrutiny, and the accountability measures in place for responsible parties. It also assesses the timeliness of dispute resolution, enforceability of decisions, and their overall impact on electoral integrity and legitimacy. Key findings highlight the roles of Indonesia's Bawaslu and South Africa's IEC in ensuring openness and public participation while identifying political interference, resource constraints, and procedural complexities as significant challenges. The study further explores best practices such as engaging civil society, simplifying procedures, and adopting technology to enhance dispute resolution mechanisms. Through this analysis, the research contributes to the understanding of electoral governance and offers policy recommendations to strengthen democratic institutions in Indonesia and South Africa.
A review of Readlang: Multilingual e-reader for language learners
Authors: Topal Ibrahim Halil
Published: January 2025

Reading is a critical skill in language acquisition involving various cognitive and linguistic processes. A good size of vocabulary is required for reading comprehension. However, language learners have been reported to face challenges in grasping unfamiliar words. Recent technological advances might assist learners in language learning in this regard. One instrument is Readlang – a web-based technology that allows users to translate words and phrases in any text on any website. Given the potential pedagogical benefits, this review intends to evaluate Readlang, outlining its features, tackling its affordances for reading skills, and delineating its impediments. Results suggest that Readlang could foster language learning and practice in higher education contexts.
Tasawuf Jawa: Kajian Filologis terhadap Naskah Suluk Ahya Ngulumodin
Authors: Safi’i Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This research aims to describe the condition of Suluk Akya Ngulumodin manuscripts including: This research aims to describe the condition of the manuscript including: manuscript inventory, manuscript description and text study. The edited text uses a standard or critical edition accompanied by critical tools, and the translation of the text uses the following methods: literal, content, and free; Philological theory is used to reveal the cultural results contained in the manuscript. The object of this research is manuscript NB. 1768 of the National Library of Indonesia and BLK.0423-IS44 of the University of Indonesia Library. The results of this research are in the form of edits. Editing Suluk Akya Ngulumodin means preparing the manuscript ready to be published or printed. Editing in philology is the provision of a manuscript that is close to the original, which is a good and correct manuscript. Good means that it is easy to read and understand because it has been transcribed or transliterated (from Javanese script to Latin script) and the spelling has been adjusted to the target language. Correct means that it can be accounted for the validity of its text content, because it has been cleaned of writing errors through in-depth research.
USER PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCE STUDY ON BATIK MOTIFS FOR USE IN UPCYCLED PRODUCTS
Authors: Angelika Amelia
Published: January 2025

User perception and preference play a crucial role in accepting upcycled products, with 85% of respondents valuing aesthetics as a key factor. The waste fabric is processed through creative innovation and upcycling to enhance its value. Batik was chosen for its cultural significance, with Buketan motifs as an example of motif application. This study examines user perceptions and preferences regarding Batik motifs on upcycling products, focusing on aesthetics and functionality. An online survey gathered responses from 68 female participants aged up to 35. Thematic analysis identified patterns in user views related to aesthetics, functionality, and cultural value. Findings suggest that Batik motifs can enhance the visual appeal of upcycled products and add cultural identity, though some motifs may lack versatility. While users see market potential, premium pricing could limit acceptance. This highlights the importance of balancing creative product development with sustainable thinking and customer acceptance to enhance the appeal of upcycled products with batik-based aesthetics.
تأثير استراتيجية (التعلم الهرمي) في تعلم الأداء الفني لفعالية رمي المطرقة للطلاب
Authors: السراي م.د حيدر طه , كاظم هيثم جواد
Published: January 2025

The search Extract lies the importance of study in the attempt of researchers add a new scientific resources by introducing and employing hierarchical learning strategy in teaching students's technical performance for the effectiveness of the hammer for students, in order to prepare unequivocal learners who have many ideas Experience and knowledge to advise them in the future, in addition to how to learn the right to good performance for the effectiveness of the hammer throw, so researchers see the use of a hierarchy's learning strategy so that they are achieving their search objectives, preparing an educational approach The use of a hierarchical learning strategy in learning technical performance in order to be effective of the hammer for students and identifying the difference between the result in the trabal and backytast for the study sample in learning technical performance to effectively throw the hammer for students. Either research hypotheses, that the educational curriculum using a paired learning strategy has a positive effect in learning technical performance to effectively throw the hammer for students, and there are different scientific in the outcomes of tribal and diminishing tests for sample and testing Sahemi in learning technical performance to usefully throw the hammer for students. The community and sample included the first phase students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Kufa for the academic year 2021-2022 for the first semester and their number (60) student They consider a society and sample of research as they divided into the random way to two groups, where the Division (b) represented the experimental group of 30 (30) students and a Division (a) acted the control group and adult The number (30) students applauded by the curriculum are made by the teacher. The recommendations are the possibility of using a hierarchical learning strategy as one of the key tactics in instructional activities dealing with the tools such as the effectiveness of the hammer throw.
تأثير استخدام وسائط متعددة في تعلم بعض المهارات الأساسية والتحصيل المعرفي في كرة السلة
Authors: عبد الرزاق نصر خالد , العاني عثمان مجيد رشيد , مشعان رياض أحمد
Published: January 2025

المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى التعرف على تأثير الوحدات بالوسائط المتعددة على تعلم مهارات الطبطبة والتسجيل السلمي والتحصيل المعرفي بكرة السلة للمجموعات التجريبية الثلاث، التعرف على أثر أفضل وسيلة تعليمية على تعلم مهارات الطبطبة والتسجيل السلمي بكرة السلة والتحصيل المعرفي بين المجموعات التجريبية الثلاث. استخدم المنهج التجريبي لملائمته طبيعة البحث وأهدافه. تم تحديد المجتمع البحثي لطلاب المرحلة الثانية من مدرسة متوسطة الرميلة في محافظة الأنبار، وقد بلغ عدد افراد عينة البحث (20) طالبا بلغ نسبتهم 25% من المجتمع البحث. 2-6 استخدمت الاختبارات البحثية الاتية لتحقيق اهداف البحث اختبار التهديف السليمة، اختبار الطبطبة العالية لمسافة 20 مترا بالذراع المهيمنة. وبعد اجراء الاختبارات القبلية وتطبيق الوحدات التعليمية أجريت الاختبارات البعدية وتم جمع المعلومات والبيانات لغرض تحليلها احصائيا بواسطة الحقيبة الإحصائية (spss ). وبعد عرض النتائج وتحليلها ومناقشتها ظهرت آثار إيجابية بين الاختبار القبلي والبعدي لمجموعتي البحث التجريبيتين لمهارات (الطبطبة، التصويب) ولصالح الاختبار البعدية، وان استخدام الوسيط (CD) ادى الى ظهور تأثيرات ايجابية في تعلم المهارات قيد البحث ولصالح الاختبارات البعدية. واستخدام الوسيط (كراس صغير لصور متسلسلة متحركة) أدى الى ظهور تأثيرات ايجابية في تعلم المهارات قيد البحث ولصالح الاختبارات البعدية، لم يظهر أي تباين في التأثير بالتحصيل المعرفي بين مجموعتي البحث التجريبيتين.
Intergenerational Associations of Parental Age at First Birth: Do Emotional and Behavioral Problems Matter?
Authors: Kim Yugyun , Richards Jennifer Susan , Oldehinkel Albertine
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Parental age at first birth tends to be transmitted across generations, and multifaceted factors are involved in the mechanisms that underlie these intergenerational associations. The current study examined the potential mediating role of emotional and behavioral problems in this process.Methods: We investigated intergenerational transmission of age at first birth and the potential mediating role of internalizing and externalizing problems in the Dutch population (N = 2,674), using data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey. Cox regression and mixed models with random slopes were used to examine associations between 1) parental age at first birth and offspring’s age at first childbirth by age 33, 2) parental age at first birth and emotional and behavioral problems in offspring from age 11 to 22, and 3) emotional and behavioral problems from age 11 to 22 and age at first childbirth.Results: Our analyses yielded two main findings. First, parental age at first birth predicted the timing of transition to parenthood in the next generation, in both mother-to-child and father-to-child pairs. Second, emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence and young adulthood were not predicted by parental age at first birth, nor did these problems in youth predict their age at first childbirth in adolescence and young adulthood. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mental health problems do not play a mediating role in the intergenerational associations of parental age at first birth in the Netherlands. Several social and psychosocial factors may have contributed to the null findings in our study population.
Cross-cultural conceptions of third-party intervention across childhood
Authors: Marshall Julia , Mermin-Bunnell Kellen , Gollwitzer Anton , Retelsdorf Jan , Bloom Paul
Published: January 2025

Third-party intervention is a cornerstone of cooperative societies, yet we know little about how children develop an understanding of this social behavior. The present work generates a cross-cultural and developmental picture of how 6-, 9-, and 12-year-olds (N = 447) across four societies (India, Germany, Uganda, and the United States) reason about third-party intervention. To do so, we measured children’s obligation judgments and unstructured descriptions of third-party intervention. Although some cultural differences emerged, 6-year-olds largely considered bystanders as obligated to respond to wrongdoing regardless of the bystander’s social position. In contrast, 9- and 12-year-olds were more likely to exclusively ascribe this social responsibility to people in positions of authority. Despite these age differences, children of all ages generated role-specific descriptions of third-party intervention, with authority figures intervening in distinct ways from peers. For authority figures, children in India and Uganda described third-party intervention as involving corporal punishment or unspecified “punishment,” whereas children in the USA described such intervention as involving only verbal intervention (i.e., telling someone to stop). For peers, children in all societies described third-party intervention as involving reporting misdeeds to an authority. Collectively, these data show that early conceptualizations of third-party intervention are rooted in shared notions of obligation yet are also subject to cultural and contextual influences.
“Good Job Reporting This!”: Examining Psychological Needs and Community Building in YouTube Conspiracy Narratives
Authors: Wischerath Darja , Piwek Lukasz , Roscoe Jonathan Francis , Davidson Brittany I
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of conspiracy theories within online communities has tangible offline consequences, both on an individual and collective level. Conspiracy narratives can act as a radicalisation multiplier in such contexts, capitalising on pre-existing beliefs and grievances, and adding urgency to act through a narrative of imminent danger. Several incidents of individual violent extremism have been directly attributed to membership in online extremist communities related to conspiratorial ideologies. Previous research has proposed that belief in conspiracy narratives is driven by unfulfilled psychological needs such as existential threat, epistemic motives, and social motives, and calls have been made to examine conspiracy belief as a form of affective community investment. We conducted a one-month ethnography of conspiracy-related YouTube videos, exploring how conspiracy narratives address grievances and psychological needs. We performed an LDA topic model analysis of 102 videos and 455,738 comments and qualitatively examined 24 videos and 1,200 comments using an abductive approach. We validate and extend existing models of conspiracy beliefs, highlighting how conspiracy narratives address and amplify grievances and psychological needs in both official content and community-generated discourse. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the spread and impact of conspiracy theories in online environments.
A Safety Audit of Rural Public Spaces in Gujarat: Negotiating safe spaces for women and girls
Authors: ISST  , Rajpal Pallavi Sobti , Ghosh Anweshaa , Zaidi Mubashira , Sekharan Abhishek
Published: January 2025

ISST- Utthan Gujarat's latest collaborative study, Using the Safety audit tool, Shakti, the study explored and identified challenges women faced in accessing public spaces in rural Gujarat followings a mixed-methods approach. By engaging local Nyaya Samiti members, the study gathered powerful insights through surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, transect walks and desk research. The initiative, led along with community members was to initiate positive change and improve safety for women in these villages. The Safety audit provided crucial evidence for gender sensitization and proved to be a strong enabler of women's well-being, mobility, health, education, workforce participation, career growth, and political participation.
European Social Science Infrastructure White Paper
Authors: Emery Tom , Maineri Angelica Maria , van der Meer Lucas , Karpinska Kasia
Published: January 2025

Building on the achievements of recent years and envisioning a stronger alignment between the needs of the research community, we offer 7 clear recommendations for developments in Data, Computation, FAIR, Tools, Expertise, and Governance. Greater investments in European Social Science Infrastructure will make use of the opportunities of new data, methods and tools whilst also rising collectively to the challenges that they pose, harnessing the power of this ongoing data revolution. The challenges we face, such as climate change, ethical AI, misinformation, and population ageing, all have an international character. This white paper has been prepared by Tom Emery, Kasia Karpinska, Angelica Maineri and Lucas van der Meer and is open to comments, contributions, and co-authorship. We are aiming to collate the infrastructural needs of the European Social Science community in a coherent plan. If we have made errors, omissions, or misrepresented these needs the we would be very happy to correct this. All comments and contributions can be sent to tom@odissei-data.nl and will be very gratefully received.
General Scenario of Female Workers in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rudra Prasad
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Overcoming Challenges: Strategies for Success in the 21st Century STEM Education
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj
Published: January 2025

Background: STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is critical in equipping students to meet the demands of the 21st century. This era is characterized by rapid technological advancements and an increasingly interconnected global economy. Despite its significance, STEM education faces several challenges that hinder its effectiveness and inclusivity.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify the key challenges in STEM education and propose strategies to overcome these obstacles, thereby fostering success in the 21st century.
Methods: This research adopted an exploratory approach, utilizing qualitative secondary data from books, journal articles, and online resources published between 1938 and 2024. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to gain insights into the challenges and potential strategies associated with STEM education.
Findings: The study reveals several challenges hindering the effectiveness of STEM education, including inadequate teacher preparation, lack of professional training, and a shortage of qualified educators. Gender disparities and the underrepresentation of women and minorities remain critical issues, alongside limited access to resources, technology integration difficulties, and societal perceptions that deter student interest. Low engagement levels, skill gaps in STEM fields, and challenges in cohesive curriculum development further exacerbate the problem. Additionally, time constraints and scheduling issues contribute to the complexity of addressing these challenges. To counter these obstacles, the study proposes strategies such as enhancing teacher training, promoting gender diversity, improving resource accessibility, integrating real-world applications, encouraging early STEM exposure, fostering student engagement, leveraging technology, creating collaborative learning environments, designing effective curricula, involving communities and parents, and utilizing continuous assessment and feedback mechanisms. These measures aim to build a more inclusive and dynamic STEM education framework.
Conclusion: Addressing the challenges in STEM education requires a concerted effort from educators, policymakers, and stakeholders. By implementing these strategies, it is possible to create a more equitable and dynamic STEM learning environment, better preparing students for future demands.
Novelty: This study offers a comprehensive synthesis of the challenges and actionable strategies in STEM education, combining historical perspectives with contemporary insights. It emphasizes the importance of inclusivity, resource accessibility, and innovative curriculum design to ensure the success of STEM education in the 21st century.
Pelatihan Manajemen Keuangan Bagi Pelaku Home Industry Pupuk Organik Di Desa Kopeng
Authors: Hendrayanti Silvia , Wanuri Wanuri , Sundari Pipit
Published: January 2025

The growth of the home industry producing organic fertilizer in Kopeng Village is starting to grow. The large number of organic fertilizer businesses emerging has increasingly added to the competition in Kopeng Village. Home industry players must also be able to maintain the characteristics and quality so that they can produce quality and attractive organic fertilizer. However, in the midst of the development of the organic fertilizer home industry, various obstacles are often faced by home industry players, namely capital problems and poor financial management, making it difficult for business people to obtain credit/capital from banks. Realizing this, the PKM Team carried out service with the aim of providing knowledge and helping manage finances for home industry business actors as a result of the fairly high competition in the business world. In this service, PKM participants are given training in determining selling prices, making purchase and sales reports, as well as helping to calculate the desired profit and conducting training in preparing simple financial reports. The methods used in this service activity are observation, presentation of material and training practices regarding good financial management. The target audience for this service activity is home industry business actors in Kopeng Village and who are members of the Memayu Jogo Tonggo Kopeng cooperative, totaling 10 organic fertilizer home industry businesses. From the pre-test results, only 20% of participants had knowledge about financial management, while the other 80% of participants had no knowledge at all about financial management. Likewise with knowledge of financial reports and knowledge of general journals. From the post test results, it shows an increase in the participants' abilities and knowledge. The most significant increase was knowledge about financial management which provided an increase of up to 100% because the material provider succeeded in providing exposure and practicum in preparing simple financial reports directly for home industry business actors producing organic fertilizer.
Induction of organogenesis and production of protoplasts of Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl
Authors: Ustinova A.V. , Berezhneva Z.A. , Kuluev B.R.
Published: January 2025

Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl – Saintpaulias or African violet, due to its small size, unpretentiousness, high decorativeness and ability to bloom all year round is one of the most popular indoor plants in the world. The development of technologies for micropropagation of Saintpaulias is relevant, with the help of which it is possible to made a much larger number of seedlings than with the use of standard vegetative propagation. We tested a method for producing of regenerants on leaf explants of S. ionantha of the ET-Penetta variety using Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium with growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) and naphthylacetic acid (0.1 mg/l). About 400 young plants were produced from two leaves, which is an order of magnitude more than with the use of conventional vegetative propagation. Hybrid forms are also often used in S. ionantha breeding, but for some varieties they cannot be created for various reasons. One way to overcome this barrier is to use somatic hybridization technologies. For this, it is necessary to made viable protoplasts. Based on this, we tested three methods for producing S. ionantha protoplasts, of which the best approach was the one using a plasmolytic buffer with a higher concentration of mannitol (0.7 M) and the average time for enzymatic treatment of leaf fragments (8 hours) at a reduced concentration of macerozyme (0.5%).
The negative effects of light starvation on the example of a model object, the housefly Musca domestica L.
Authors: Nikonorov Yu.M. , Benkovskaya G.V.
Published: January 2025

The consequences of starvation (limited access to food) during the maturation of the reproductive system of the adults were studied using a model object – two strains of houseflies with contrasting lifespan (LS) indices. Virgin individuals, separated by sex, were fed for 30 minutes throughout the day for 8 days. During this time, females ate half of the daily food ration, and males ate a third. The weight of the adults at the end of the starvation period did not differ from the weight of individuals in the control groups. Then, crosses were carried out in 4 variants: 1) control females and males; 2) control females and starved males; 3) starved females and control males; 4) starved females and males. In the parent generation, life span and the number of laid egg clutches were recorded, and in the offspring, in addition to this, the body weight of individuals and the concentration of hemolymph protein were determined at all stages of ontogenesis. A negative effect of starvation on the indices of metabolic processes at the larval and puparium stages has been established. A decrease in the fertility of the offspring is shown, which resulted in a significant reduction in reproduction in all variants of crossing with starved individuals. The role of maternal and paternal contributions to the manifestation of transgenerational effects of starvation is discussed.
Aegilops aucheri Boiss. — almost forgotten as a separate species — may also be regarded as rather close to a probable ancient donor of subgenome G for polyploid wheats of the timopheevii-zhukovskyi lineage
Authors: Kuluev A.R. , Matniyazov R.T. , Kuluev B.R. , Chemeris A.V.
Published: January 2025

From the time of Theophrastus, for 2 millennia, many plants have been considered an herb liked by goats and called Aegilops. This had continued until the introduction of binary nomenclature by C.Linnaeus when he described the genus Aegilops L. This article contains excerpts from modern and historical classifications of the genus Aegilops as compiled by various authors through the years, but the emphasis is on Aegilops species from the section Sitopsis. Nowadays, there is some mixing between the Aegilops classifications proposed in the late 1920s. One of them was developed by P.M.Zhukovsky and had a section called Sitopsis, and another classification was developed by A.Eig, where this section was called Platystachyum but was divided into two subsections (Emarginata and Truncata), both of which are now within the generally accepted section Sitopsis. Numerous renamings of Aegilops species from the section Sitopsis during more than 2 centuries were noted. The interest in the section Sitopsis of the genus Aegilops is due to the fact that its species are potential donors of subgenomes of polyploid wheats. Polyploid wheats constitute two lineages with the genomic formulae BA, BAD, GA, GAA. The greatest doubts are raised by the first maternal subgenomes of these lines (B and G), the donor of which was some species of the section Sitopsis during the initial crossing with diploid wheat. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of complete chloroplast genomes of species from the Triticum–Aegilops alliance clearly indicates that species from the subsection Emarginata could not be this donor. The most likely donor of subgenomes B and G was either Ae. speltoides or a closely related species (from the subsection Truncata) that has not yet been found or is already extinct. Formerly, this section has included such species as Ae. aucheri, which is currently considered to be Ae. speltoides or its subspecies — merely its synonym — but which had probably been unreasonably rejected as an independent species by a substantial number of taxonomists in the second half of the 20th century. Sequencing of the complete plastid genome of this species from seven specimens of different geographical origin shows that it diverges from Ae. speltoides. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of a comparison of genomes of diploid wheats, Aegilops from the subsection Emarginata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. aucheri, Ae. speltoides, and polyploid wheats of two lineages (turgidum-aestivum and timopheevii-zhukovskyi) indicates that Ae. aucheri can also be considered a potential donor of subgenome G for timopheevii-zhukovskyi wheats, whereas turgidum-aestivum wheats are distant from the other species.
Comparison of genetic markers of resistance and phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yadykova L.L. , Zykova D.A. , Bayazitova L.T. , Trizna E.Y.
Published: January 2025

Bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family are among the most common pathogens worldwide. The massive inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development and spread of multidrug resistance in them. Various mechanisms of resistance are now known and may be determined by antibiotic resistance genes. However, data of the spread of resistance genes among bacteria in the Russian Federation are scattered or absent.
Methods. The isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were obtained from KRIEM of Rospotrebnadzor. The sensitivity of clinical isolates to antibiotics was assessed using the disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the International Association of Microorganisms of the Russian Federation (IACMAC). The presence of genetic markers of resistance in clinical isolates was determined using the polymerase chain reaction.
Results. Clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and often one isolate was resistant to drugs of up to 3 classes. Meropenem was effective against the most of isolates. Only in some phenotypically resistant isolates the presence of common genetic markers mexB, mexD, ampC, aac(3)-IIa, aphA, aadB associated with antibiotic resistance was confirmed. This may call into question the relevance of using these markers to identify resistance genes.
Conclusion. Monitoring of the resistance genes spread is necessary to optimize the use of antibacterial drugs, taking into account the risks of horizontal transfer of genetic markers and to reduce the rate of their spread among pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms.
Analysis of quality indicators of vegetable jelly
Authors: Slinkin A.A. , Nikulina N.Sh.
Published: January 2025

The article considers the recipe of jelly with the use of various fruit and vegetable raw materials and analyzes the quality (by individual organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators) of the prepared product. A brief review of the properties of freshly squeezed juices: orange, apple, from celery stalks, as well as pumpkin juice is presented. Since fruit and vegetable juices are valuable raw materials for the production of food products due to the high content of vitamins and pectin substances, their use in the production of desserts is a promising direction. Experimental formulations of jelly for the line of desserts "orange/pumpkin" and "apple/celery" have been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical evaluations of jelly were carried out. The optimal ratio of fruit and vegetable raw materials was determined, which amounted to "orange/pumpkin" - 55/45%, "apple/celery" - 80/20%. The energy value of the obtained desserts was calculated.
The Impossibility of War Music: The Tragedy of the Defenders of Azovstal in Inna Goncharova’s Drama "The Trumpeter"
Authors: Bondareva Olena
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to Inna Goncharova’s play "The Trumpeter", created immediately after the wounded fighters of the Azov regiment, who held the defence from March 18 to May 20, 2022, in the occupied Ukrainian Mariupol, stopped resisting and surrendered as prisoners. The author created a text designed for one actor for the Kyiv non-governmental theatre MaskamRad. In the centre of her work is a musician from a military band, who got into the war quite by accident. In the play, there is a full-fledged aesthetic development of the closed space of the dungeon of the Azovstal industrial enterprise, where the defenders of Mariupol and civilians are located. However, this space ceases to be safe for people, against whom combat aircraft and powerful artillery are continuously used, so the play has an incessant explosive soundtrack, which the protagonist tries to translate into music to create a Symphony of War: for him as a man of art, who does not know much about geopolitics, it is almost the only way to understand this war and one’s place in it. But in truth, it turns out that it is impossible to create a symphony from the destructive reality, from the blood and the suffering of Ukrainians. The common existence of people in the basements of Azovstal activates their communication – it turns out that, having spent so much time together, they know practically nothing about each other. Instead, the impromptu symphonic overture comes from the protagonist’s warm memories of his native city of Kyiv, where his interlocutor has never been. It is important that the play shows the Azovians as people of different nationalities, who consider themselves Ukrainians at the level of citizenship, not ethnicity, which refutes the key thesis of Russian propaganda about the Nazis-Azovs. Plays such as "The Trumpeter" must be translated into various languages and staged in various countries of the world, because hundreds of Azov citizens are still waiting for their release from Russian captivity, and so far no international organization has been allowed to the site of the execution of prisoners from the Azov regiment by the Russians in the Olenivka penal colony. I hope that the play will attract attention outside of Ukraine, and its staging will contribute to international support for the need to liberate these Ukrainian heroes.
“... Beyond the Possible”: Vasyl Stus’ Camp Narrative Through the Prism of Gabriel Marcel’s Philosophy of Hope
Authors: Tarnashynska Liudmyla
Published: January 2025

The article examines the camp narrative of Vasyl Stus through the philosophy of hope of a classic of French existentialism, Gabriel Marcel. Turning to ego documents, the discourse of the dissident poet’s confrontation shall be analysed, firstly, against the totalitarian regime of the former USSR and, secondly, against the very circumstances of his detention in the camp which befell him. Self-esteem, insubordination, constant introspection, self-sufficiency with optimism in spite of cruel ordeals – this is how V. Stus appears before us. Within the “imprisoned space” with its numerous prohibitions and punishments, the poet not only cherishes his Muse, saving himself by translations, writing a diary, letters and poems, but also develops – despite a deep sense of fate – a philosophy of hope, consonant with the phenomenology and metaphysics of Marcel. The poet was aware that the road was paved for him as “Golgotha sent by God”, along which he had to walk (straightened) “through a hundred despairs”, so he sincerely admitted: “My path hurts”. These concepts – path and pain, as well as the constant appeal to the one hundred number as an attempt to multiply his strength a hundredfold in a difficult struggle, permeate both his poetry and ego-documents.
The iron mines in the history of Torre de Moncorvo
Authors: Fernandes Adília
Published: January 2025

Torre de Moncorvo presents a landscape and a history marked by the mining of iron ore, of which the highest concentration is in the Roboredo Sierra. Its vestiges can be seen in the toponyms (according to some authors) related to the presence of blacksmiths and their protective deity, the crow, as well as the chapels with mining invocations constructed from slag. Torre de Moncorvo’s mining history ends at the end of the 20th century, with the extinction of its’ Iron Ore Project. This was followed by the closure of the National Steelworks and the government’s requests for the integration of Portugal into the European Community. For the period between the beginning and end of mining activities in Torre de Moncorvo, the multigenerational experience permeates the cultural and cognitive appreciation of metallurgical issues and the development of technologies. After a long period of inactivity, the prospect of reactivating the mines is expected.
Poland and Spain through the centuries
Authors: Kieniewicz Jan
Published: January 2025

In looking at Poland and Spain’s histories, two countries so distant and so different, one can see sense in treating them jointly. In Poland, the tradition to allude to the history of Spain dates back two hundred years; on the other hand, the same has not been reciprocated by Spaniards. Due to this, I considered the juxtaposition of the history of Poland and Spain, exclusively within the framework of the reflection on Europe, justified. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate how these two countries participated in the formation of Europe and how their presence in times of greatness and the epoch of decadence was characterised by their importance in European history. Hopefully, this will deepen their mutual understanding of the identity between Poles and Spaniards.
The infiltration of the political network of the Marquis de la Ensenada in the Military Order of Calatrava
Authors:   University of La Rioja, Carpio González Manuel
Published: January 2025

After the end of the Reconquest, the military purpose of defending the borders had been lost. The four Spanish military orders, including that of Calatrava, retained an exclusively honorary and sumptuary character in the 18th century, governed directly by the king, who was the one who granted access to the order once the corresponding blood cleansing tests had been passed. The Marquis of la Ensenada, a Calatrava knight since 1742, used the granting of the Calatrava habit during his Government (1743-1754) as a way of ennobling his political network, creating a patronage network in the order through an inbred system in which the partial members of the Marquis were the witnesses of the blood cleansing fi les of the new applicants and these, in turn, of the following candidates. After the removal of Ensenada for the conspiracy orchestrated by the Duke of Huéscar, the Secretary of State Ricardo Wall and the English Ambassador Benjamin Keene, the process of infiltration of the political network in the Military Order of Calatrava continued, although now without the direct guidance of the Marquis.
The repercussion of the Spanish War of Independence (Peninsular War) in France
Authors:   Aix-Marseille University, Dufour Gérard
Published: January 2025

At Saint Helena, Napoleon declared that the Peninsular War in Spain had caused his misfortune and the ruin of France. In this article, the different consequences that this “damn war” had in France are examined. Adverse effects, from the political-military point of view, with the significant number of casualties that caused the discouragement of public opinion and the attempts of a large part of the population to evade military conscription, even through self-mutilations, and economic consequences, with the creation of new taxes to deal with war expenses and caused widespread discontent that the Bourbons knew how to take advantage of in 1814; but also positive consequences, with the discovery of Spanish art, hitherto ignored or belittled, and the interest, not to say the admiration, that the heroic struggle of the Spaniards to defend their freedom aroused in France.
A historical European parallel between Spain and Poland. Reflections after two hundred years
Authors: Kieniewicz Jan
Published: January 2025

In 1820, Joachim Lelewel, historian, geographer and political activist, gave a conference titled “Historical parallel of Spain and Poland in 16, 17 and 18th centuries”. For two hundred years, this text was a basis for Poles to make considerations, in which Spain was an element to show roads to restore independence. The didactical character of this small work assumes that there is a possibility not only to learn but also to improve one’s frame of mind. Poles in servitude, in difficulty and, as it seemed, in a desperate situation, were seeking solace, admonition and an example in comparison with Spain.
The article poses the question of whether a new form of parallelism is possible at the beginning of the 21st century, in which it will no longer be about consolation but inspiration. An attempt at such a juxtaposition of history is presented, based on the place and role of these two countries in the evolution and future of Europe.
Why is the history of Spain the most distorted of Western lands?
Authors:   University of Wisconsin-Madison, Payne Stanley G.
Published: January 2025

This analysis argues that the history of Spain has been the most distorted in the West as a result of various factors, but above all because of its strangely countercurrent rhythm, beginning with the Arab conquest and the Islamisation of most of the peninsula, followed by the unparalleled experience of the Reconquest. The latter was a unique achievement, the only case in European history in which a country not only lost the greater part of its territory but also had its culture and religion replaced by different ones, yet afterwards were completely recovered by the original remnant minority, with the expulsion of the invaders. The worldwide expansion of Spain was accompanied by the highest development of traditional forms of Western culture, subsequently followed by their most notable decline. The extraordinary variations in Spain’s modern and contemporary history are especially complicated and difficult to understand, and all the while, have been accompanied by the formation of a series
of myths and images that have been unusually bold, intense, and extreme. Moreover, various important initiatives to accelerate and/or alter national structures in the contemporary era have functioned as a sort of boomerang, until the successful oasis of stable political modernization in 1977-2004.
A history of Spain and bullfighting: a dialogic relation (1874-1898)
Authors: Tepedino Simone
Published: January 2025

The article aims to demonstrate the relationship between the history of Spain and the history of bullfighting through the construction proposed by some bullfighting magazines in their editorials. By a corpus specifically collected, including a lapse of approximately twenty years (1874-1898), the analysis of some editorials will be helpful in a double perspective. On the one hand, it is to unfold the evolution of the bullfighting identity according to the moment a certain magazine was published. On the other hand, the strategies used to promote a precise cultural construction merged Spain’s history with that of bullfighting. In this way, it is possible to identify a dialogic relation between two histories: the Spanish one and the bullfighting one. In the magazine’s construction, the corrida was considered a fundamental element of Spanish identity in a period characterised by a deep political and social crisis.
Architectural Photogrammetry for the Recording of Heritage Buildings: An Overview
Authors: Salleh Nurul Hamiruddin
Published: January 2025

In heritage documentation, recording techniques can be divided into two broad categories, namely photographic and non-photographic methods. Photographic methods include a photographic image is fundamental to the whole recording process, such as computer-rectified photography, photogrammetry and laser scanning. Whereby, non- photographic methods are including hand survey and theodolite-based measurements. Three main criteria should be considered when making decisions about the specification of the recording: the cost, technical considerations or logistics and, finally, whether the survey will fulfil the technical and academic requirements and be understood by the end user. Moreover, the choice of the most appropriate and reliable recording methods will depend on the scale and type of building, level of accuracy, and level of recording needed. This paper discusses the application of photogrammetry techniques in the recording of heritage buildings. The principles, accuracy and challenges of the technique are also described.
A Study of Factors Influencing Overruns of Construction Projects in Nigeria
Authors: DOSUMU OLUWASEUN SUNDAY
Published: January 2025

The impact of cost and time overruns on construction projects is an undesirable experience both to the clients and stakeholders in the industry. This has regularly led to dispute, unfriendly working relationship, abandonment, low quality and environmental nuisances. This paper evaluated factors contributing to overruns of construction projects and their impact on projects performance in Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire administration on professionals in the industry. Mean Item Score (MIS) and Relative Significant Index (RSI) were employed to analyse data collected. Increase in material cost, inaccurate materials estimation and underestimating of project costs among others are the most significant cost factors while the most significant time factors include unexpected site condition, increase in project scope, lack of timely progress payment and inadequate planning. It becomes obvious that giving adequate consideration to factors contributing to construction overruns would minimize their ugly consequences on project performance and efficiency. Among recommendations made are that, cost estimators should improve on methods of cost determination, designers to make the full designs available at every stage in construction process and contractors should also carry out adequate site visit for better understanding of site conditions before pricing and cost forecasting