bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smiling makes you look older, even when you wear a mask: the effect of face masks on age perception
Authors: Ganel Tzvi , Goodale Melvyn A.
Published: September 2022

The widespread use of face masks in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic has promoted research on their effect on the perception and recognition of faces. There is growing evidence that masks hinder the recognition of identity and expression, as well as the interpretation of speech from facial cues. It is less clear whether and in what manner masks affect the perception of age from facial cues. Recent research has emphasized the role of the upper region of the face, a part not covered by a mask, in the evaluation of age. For example, smile-related wrinkles in the region of the eyes make smiling faces appear older than neutral faces of the same individuals (the aging effect of smiling, AES). In two experiments, we tested the effect of face masks on age evaluations of neutral and smiling faces in a range of different age groups from 20 to 80 years. The results showed that smiling faces were perceived as older than neutral faces even when individuals were wearing a face mask—and there was no effect of masks on bias in age evaluations. Additional analyses showed reduced accuracy in age evaluations for smiling compared to neutral faces and for masked compared to unmasked faces. The results converge on previous studies emphasizing the importance of the upper region of the face in evaluations of age.
Network analysis of gratitude messages in the learning community
Authors: Yoshida Masami
Published: September 2022

In pedagogical practice, gratitude is recognised not as an emotion, but as an approach to learning. This study introduced gratitude messages into the academic online communication of university students and specifically examined the community in which students shared their messages with gratitude. This study examined the tendency of message connections and how gratitude messages prompted replies. To elucidate their connections, exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were used. A post-event questionnaire to evaluate gratitude experiences was also administered. Results revealed that 77.3% of the 172 connected messages from 123 students involved gratitude. When the post-event questionnaire results were examined using an ERGM, the score effects on increasing message connections were found not to be significant. The most prominent indication was a higher level of significant propensities to make mutual connections. The homophily of the message content was found to have a significant propensity to increase connections. The ERGM results and a review of messages revealed that students expressed gratitude for being both benefactors and beneficiaries of gratitude messages, which confirmed their prosocial behaviour.
Characteristics of health-related quality of life and related factors in patients with brain tumors treated with rehabilitation therapy
Authors: Watanabe Takahiro , Noto Shinichi , Natsumeda Manabu , Kimura Shinji , Tabata Satoshi , Ikarashi Fumie , Takano Mayuko , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Oishi Makoto
Published: September 2022

Background

Rehabilitation therapy during hospitalization is effective in improving activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function in patients with brain tumors. However, there are few studies on the effect of rehabilitation therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with brain tumors. Additionally, the EuroQol-5Dimension-5Level (EQ-5D-5L) index score has not been reported as an outcome. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of patients with brain tumors who underwent rehabilitation therapy and investigated the factors affecting the EQ-5D-5L index score from various perspectives, including various brain tumor type and recurrence. In addition, we examined the relationship between the EQ-5D-5L index score, disease-specific HRQOL scale, and ADL.

Methods

Patients with brain tumors who underwent treatment and rehabilitation at Single tertiary care academic medical center were included in this cross-sectional study. We used the EQ-5D-5L, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire core 30, and EORTC quality of life questionnaire brain cancer module to evaluate HRQOL. ADL were assessed using the functional independence measure (FIM). The relationship between each HRQOL assessment score and the FIM was analyzed, and the influence of related factors was assessed by multiple regression analysis.

Results

This study included 76 patients. The EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.689 for all patients with brain tumors and 0.574 for those with glioblastomas, which was the lowest value. There was a moderate correlation between the EQ-5D-5L index score and FIM (r = 0.627, p < 0.001). In addition, the EQ-5D-5L index score was significantly correlated with most of the items of the disease-specific HRQOL scale. Multiple regression analysis revealed that glioblastoma histology (coefficient: − 0.373, p = 0.005) and recurrence (coefficient: − 0.273, p = 0.020) were independent factors affecting the EQ-5D-5L index score.

Conclusions

Patients with glioblastoma undergoing rehabilitation have reduced HRQOL, which was influenced by glioblastoma histology and recurrence.
Minimally invasive surgical management of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation: can the endoscope replace the microscope?
Authors: Ahmed Omar El Farouk , Molla Shafik Tahseen El , Sabaa Ahmad Mohamed El
Published: September 2022

Background

Degenerative lumbar spine pathologies such as spinal stenosis and disc herniation constitute the most common causes of back pain and radiculopathy. After the introduction of the operative microscope in the 1970s, microscopic discectomy has become the gold standard of treatment for herniated lumbar disc by many surgeons. A tubular endoscopic approach was first described in 1997 by Foley and Smith as a new minimally invasive technique alternative to open surgical techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome and efficacy of microscopic discectomy and endoscopic discectomy for the management of herniated lumbar disc as regard the clinical results, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.

Results

This is a retrospective study of 40 patients, with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation managed by the authors either by microscopic discectomy (MD) (n = 20) or by endoscopic discectomy (ED) (n = 20). Patients were followed up and postoperative data was recorded at 1, 6, 12 months after surgery. Clinical scoring systems included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the preoperative and the postoperative low back ache (VAS-B) as well as preoperative and postoperative sciatic pain (VAS-S), in addition to the evaluation of the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (mJOA) over the same time intervals. Significant postoperative improvement in clinical and functional outcome of the two groups was noted, including a statistically significant improvement in postoperative VAS-B and VAS-S as well as the mJOA scores in comparison to the preoperative data (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant shorter operative time, less blood loss and less rate of operative complications recorded in the microscopic discectomy group as compared with endoscopic discectomy group in our study.

Conclusions

Our study concluded that microscopic lumbar discectomy is as safe and effective as endoscopic lumbar discectomy for the management of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation with a low complication rate, less operative blood loss and operative time. Larger series and further studies would be yet considered with longer follow-up periods.
Correlation between lumbar spinal canal magnetic resonance imaging grading systems and parameters in lumbar spinal canal compromise
Authors: Elfadle Amr Abu , Zarad Carmen Ali , Elmaaty Ali Ahmed Abou , El-Nagaa Bassem F. Abou , Soliman Ahmed Y.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is a need to assess how commonly used classification systems of intervertebral disc degeneration reflect the compromise of neural elements. This study aims to explore the relationship between lumbar discs degenerative diseases using the Pfirrmann and the Combined Task Forces (CTF) of the North American Spine Society (NASS) grading systems as well as qualitative and quantitative grades of lumbar spinal stenosis. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients undergoing non-contrast MR imaging of lumbosacral spine. The radiological assessment included the Pfirrmann grading system, Van Rijn classification, Combined Task Force (CTF) classification, measurement of the cross-sectional area of the dural sac, mid-sagittal antero-posterior diameter of the thecal sac, the degree of dural sac compression at disc level, lateral recesses heights, and intervertebral foramina diameters. The degree of stenosis of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina was assessed.

Results

One hundred patients were included in the study. At all levels, Pfirrmann grades had a moderate, significant, positive correlation with the severity of stenosis of the central and lateral spinal canals as well as foraminal stenosis. The grades of lumbar spinal canal and foraminal stenosis had a significant positive correlation with degree of disc displacement as assessed by CTF classification and had a significant negative correlation with the quantitative lumbar spinal canal and foraminal measures.

Conclusions

There is a good correlation between Pfirrmann classification, CTF classification of NASS, qualitative grading and quantitative measures of lumbar spinal canal that reflects the severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis and nerve root compression.
A case of Dravet syndrome with focal cortical myoclonus
Authors: Luo Xiaoqing , Wang Xiaolu , Jiang Jun
Published: September 2022

Background

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy in children dominated by polymorphic seizures. Focal cortical myoclonus indicated on conventional electroencephalogram (EEG) was rarely observed in DS.

Case presentation

The child, boy, thirteen months old, suffered from clonic seizures during bathing at two months old. Later he suffered from recurrent afebrile or febrile generalized tonic–clonic seizures often developing into status epilepticus. A genetic analysis of the SCN1A gene revealed a de novo heterozygous frame shift mutation in exon 21(c.3836_c.3837del AT).His myoclonic jerks of unilateral arm occurred spontaneously in response to movement. A spike wave from right central-parietal cortex immediately preceded a left myoclonic muscle activity, while a spike wave from left immediately preceded a right myoclonic muscle activity. The onset of the detected spike preceded the onset of myoclonic muscle activity by 42 ms using jerk-locked back-averaging of electroencephalogram data. The focal cortical myoclonus was not noted when one year old.

Conclusions

Focal cortical myoclonus could be a form of seizures during the first year of life in DS, which may broaden the types of seizures of DS and may provide some diagnostic clues for DS.
Differences in stakeholder-reported barriers and implementation strategies between counties with high, middle, and low HPV vaccine initiation rates: a mixed methods study
Authors: Staras Stephanie A. S. , Kastrinos Amanda L. , Wollney Easton N. , Desai Shivani , O’Neal La Toya J. , Johnson-Mallard Versie , Bylund Carma L.
Published: September 2022

Background

A greater understanding of the county-level differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates could aid targeting of interventions to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods study to compare the stakeholder-reported barriers and efforts to increase HPV vaccination rates between counties within the highest, middle, and lowest HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of the first dose) rates among 22 northern Florida counties. Between August 2018 and April 2019, we recruited stakeholders (n = 68) through purposeful and snowball sampling to identify potential participants who were most knowledgeable about the HPV vaccination activities within their county and would represent a variety of viewpoints to create a diverse picture of each county, and completed semi-structured interviews. County-level HPV vaccine initiation rates for 2018 were estimated from the Florida Department of Health’s immunization registry and population counts. Implementation strategies were categorized by level of importance and feasibility using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy. We compared the barriers and implementation strategies for HPV vaccination between tercile groups of counties by HPV vaccine initiation rates: highest (18 stakeholders), middle (27 stakeholders), and lowest (23 stakeholders).

Results

The majority of the 68 stakeholders were female (89.7%), non-Hispanic white (73.5%), and represented a variety of clinical and non-clinical occupations. The mentioned barriers represented five themes: healthcare access, clinician practices, community partnerships, targeted populations, and cultural barriers. Within themes, differences emerged between county terciles. Within healthcare access, the highest rate county stakeholders focused on transportation, lowest rate county stakeholders focused on lack of clinicians, and middle county stakeholders mentioned both. The number of ERIC quadrant I strategies, higher feasibility, and importance described decreased with the tercile for HPV vaccination: highest = 6, middle = 5, and lowest =3 strategies.

Conclusions

The differing barriers and strategies between the highest, middle, and lowest vaccination rate counties suggest that a tailored and targeted effort within the lowest and middle counties to adopt strategies of the highest rate counties may reduce disparities.
An Unexpected Magnet Response of a Biotronik Pacemaker in Automatic Mode: A Case Report
Authors: Jaiyeola Christabel , Chen Amy Y. , Kalarickal Philip L. , Bhatt Binoy Praful
Published: September 2022

In patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, asynchronous pacing is necessary for surgeries with a risk of electromagnetic interference. Magnets are often used for asynchronous pacing. In this case report, magnet application to a Biotronik Evia DR-T pacemaker (Biotronik) programmed to a magnet response mode called automatic magnet mode (AUTO) led to a brief period of asynchronous pacing before reverting to prior settings, an unexpected response that was not revealed on the preoperative interrogation report. For Biotronik pacemakers programmed to the AUTO mode, changes in programming are needed for asynchronous pacing.
Imagining the Virtues: Medieval and Early Modern Histories
Authors: Aers David , Beckwith Sarah
Published: September 2022

The tradition of the virtues was the model for moral practice from Aristotle to Luther. This tradition framed practices of living well in relation to visions of the good, and in its later Christian version, of God. One became good through practice, just as a harpist might play well through disciplined habits of exercise. In Alasdair MacIntyre's extraordinary excavations of philosophy and intellectual history, the Reformation is by and large neglected as he traces a path from Aristotle to Hume and beyond. This special issue seeks to put the Reformation(s) back into the picture and to see what avenues might be opened as a result. Articles explore what happens to ancient and medieval habits, practices, and conceptualizations of virtue and the virtue tradition resulting from the complex reorganizations of ritual, sacramental, ecclesiological, theological, and ethical practices during the Reformation era. The essays in this issue explore various strands of the Reformation in which the virtue tradition is maintained, transformed, or rejected.
Virtual Reality: Virtue, the Eucharist, and Translation in the Writings of Thomas More
Authors: Warren Nancy Bradley
Published: September 2022

This essay explores Thomas More's understanding of the role of the recipient's virtue in activating the full power of Christ's body in the Eucharist in his A Treatise on the Passion of Christe and A Treatise to receive the blessed body of our lorde, sacramentally and virtually bothe. Though passionately committed to the doctrine of the Real Presence, More writes that the body of Christ, while fully present, is not in and of itself entirely sufficient to complete the work of the sacrament if the recipient is not virtuous and receives the sacrament unworthily. An unvirtuous recipient receives only bodily, which is to say not completely — not, in More's terms, virtually. An unvirtuous recipient is not the only means by which the full power of the Eucharist may be compromised. Because the Incarnation and transubstantiation involve transformations of word and bodies into each other, it is not surprising that More's concerns with the sacrament, virtue, and the virtual also involve language. In the Dialogue Concerning Heresy, More strenuously criticizes Tyndale's translation of scripture. This essay also examines the ways in which More's objections to Tyndale's translation understand its destructive power as rooted in linguistic choices that disrupt the crucial nexus of virtue, the virtual, and the corporeal. In More's view, Tyndale's Bible thus deserves immolation along with the heretics themselves.
Shakespeare's Comedy of Judgment
Authors: Crawford Jason
Published: September 2022

Early modern English literary culture was thick with tales of divine judgment. Texts ranging from true-crime pamphlets to Thomas Beard's vast collection The Theatre of God's Judgements (1597) promised to disclose God's work in history, and they found signs of that work in stories of horrific come-uppance: usurers eaten by rats, adulterers mutilated, Sabbath-breakers struck dead. Because they were concerned with the consequences of human transgression, these tales drew heavily on the conventions of tragedy. And because they were concerned with vice and come-uppance, they also drew heavily on the conventions of comedy. They are therefore fraught with difficult questions. When is retribution hilarious, and when is it lamentable? On what imaginative and moral conditions do tragedy and comedy depend? These questions likewise haunted dramatists such as Shakespeare, who drew heavily on the literature of divine retribution for his own experiments in tragic and comic representation. His Othello, especially, is built from tales of vice and retribution, and in it Shakespeare tests the boundaries that separate justice from atrocity, comic satisfaction from tragic violence. By reading Othello alongside the literature of divine judgment, this essay makes several claims: that the hilarious come-uppances of comedy depend on certain cultural conditions; that those conditions have changed in the context of the Reformation, in ways that tales of retribution make graphically visible; and that Shakespeare responds to exactly these changes when, in his own comedy of judgment, he finds the mechanisms of comic justice collapsing.
Reproducible propagation technique for the symbiotic cnidarian model system Cassiopea xamachana
Authors: Newkirk Casandra , Vadlapudi Sankalp , Sadula Mahita , Arbello Cheri , Xiang Tingting
Published: September 2022

The phylum Cnidaria is composed of corals, jellyfish, hydras, and sea anemones. Cnidarians are well-known for their regenerative capability, with many species maintaining the ability to regenerate complete structures. This regenerative capacity has been used casually for propagation purposes (via dissection) for some cnidarians used in laboratory research but has yet been documented in a manner meant to be reproducible. One such cnidarian model system is the scyphozoan jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. C. xamachana has become an emerging model system for studying the cnidarian-algal symbiotic relationship, so determining a reliable and fast method for expansion of laboratory animals is crucial. Here we outline a reproducible propagation method for continued generation and growth of C. xamachana polyps.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Proposed methods for evaluating efforts made by governments to prevent and mitigate corporate influence and conflicts of interest in public health policy
Authors: Mialon Mélissa , Bertscher Adam , Bero Lisa , Vandevijvere Stefanie
Published: September 2022

Background: There is evidence that corporations try to delay, weaken, and avoid the adoption of measures that would protect and improve population health. This is particularly true and problematic for health harming industries, such as those producing ultra-processed foods, alcohol, and cigarettes. Financial conflicts of interest (COI) are also problematic in policy-making because they may compromise decision-makers’ loyalty and independent judgment. Public opinion is in favor of preventing and mitigating that influence from corporations and COI on public health policy. A scoping review recently identified twenty-three mechanisms that could be adopted with that purpose and which principally cover: i) transparency and disclosure; ii) identification, monitoring, and education; iii) management; iv) prohibition of interactions with the industry and/or COI. There is, however, limited knowledge on the adoption of such mechanisms by governments. We therefore propose new methods for evaluating that progress at the country level.

Methods and expected results: The proposed evaluation comprises five steps: 1) Gathering information about the national context; 2) Gathering evidence on the implementation of mechanisms by national governments; 3) Verification of step 2 by government officials and policy experts and local public health experts; 4) Identification and prioritization of actions in a workshop; 5) Supporting the translation of findings into policy actions.

Conclusions: The evaluation of progress made by governments in their implementation of mechanisms for preventing and mitigating the influence of corporations and COI in public health policy could help countries systematize their efforts, benchmark their progress internationally, and give perspective on particular weaknesses, approaches, and investment gaps needed for change. We will implement and validate our methods in Ireland, as a first case-study.
Point of care SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing in schools improves school attendance
Authors: Collier Dami A. , Bousfield Rachel , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Gupta Ravindra K.
Published: September 2022

Background: National lockdowns have led to significant interruption to children’s education globally. In the Autumn term in 2020, school absence in England and Wales was almost five times higher than the same period in 2019. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools and ongoing interruption to education remains a concern. However, evaluation of rapid point of care (POC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in British schools has not been undertaken.

Methods: This is a survey of secondary schools in England that implemented PCR-based rapid POC testing. The study aims to measure the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools, to assess the impact of this testing on school attendance and closures, and to describe schools experiences with testing. All schools utilised the SAMBA II SARS-CoV-2 testing platform.

Results: 12 fee-paying secondary schools in England were included. Between September 1st 2020 and December 16th 2020, 697 on site rapid POC PCR tests were performed and 6.7% of these were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were five outbreaks in three schools during this time which were contained. Seven groups of close contacts within the school known as bubbles had to quarantine but there were no school closures. 84% of those tested were absent from school for less than one day whilst awaiting their test result. This potentially saved between 1047 and 1570 days off school in those testing negative compared to the NHS PCR laboratory test. Schools reported a positive impact of having a rapid testing platform as it allowed them to function as fully as possible during this pandemic.

Conclusions: Rapid POC PCR testing platforms should be widely available and utilised in school settings. Reliable positive tests will prevent outbreaks and uncontrolled spread of infection within school settings. Reliable negative test results will reassure students, parents and staff and prevent disruption to education.
Prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery
Authors: Małek Anna , Wysokińska Olga , Żyga Justyna , Iwaniszyn-Zapołoch Klara , Zadrożna Karolina
Published: September 2022

Venous thromboembolism is undoubtedly one of the frequent and dangerous complications after orthopedic surgery. If not detected  in time, it can lead to very serious consequences concerning the patient's health and life. Therefore, it is crucial to know the risk factors for thromboembolic incidents. Among these factors, we can distinguish those related to the patient, his or her health status, lifestyle and factors that depend on the type of orthopedic intervention performed. Each patient should undergo an individual assessment of risk factors before undergoing surgery. Undoubtedly, an important role is played by observing the patient to detect early and late symptoms, as well as appropriate care in the postoperative period to reduce the risk of thromboembolic incidents. It is important to catch the disease at an early stage and undertake appropriate diagnostics to exclude or confirm the disease. The risk of venous thromboembolism can be lowered by using thromboprophylaxis. Various forms of prevention are available, which include various methods and means of prevention. An appropriate approach to the problem of the occurrence of this type of complication after orthopedic surgery affects not only the results of the treatment of orthopedic conditions, but also the overall health and functioning of the patient and his prognosis.
Witamin D in children population - benefits and threats
Authors: Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Ozga-Stachurska Alicja , Pawłowska Paulina , Rozenbajgier Martyna
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Nowadays, it has become fashionable to use dietary supplements containing large doses of vitamin D available without a prescription. In the case of children, dietary supplementation with a properly selected dose of vitamin D is extremely important and brings many benefits, of which it is important to prevent rickets in the pediatric population, attention is also drawn to its toxicity and consequences in the event of an overdose of vitamin D preparations, to which infants and young children are most exposed, examples of risks are hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
The aim of the study
Showing the benefits and dangers of vitamin D supplementation.
Material and methods
The research was conducted using PubMed articles and on: vitamin D supplementation in children, vitamin D overdose, vitamin D deficiency.
Description of the state of knowledge
Vitamin D is the generic name for ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol that we can find in foods, however, food and supplementation are not its only sources, it should be borne in mind that it is possible to synthesize vitamin D in the skin after exposure to ultraviolet reproduction (UV-B). The concentration of 25(OH)D in childhood serum is influenced by the amount and frequency of vitamin D consumed, sun exposure, body weight and body fat levels. The main risk of vitamin D deficiency in children is rickets and defromation of the osteoarticular system and metabolic disorders, and long-term use of its high doses can lead to hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis.
Summary
It is very important to educate parents about the importance of vitamin D supplementation in a dose properly selected for the newborn along with an explanation of the possible consequences of deficiency, as well as overdose.
role of psychotherapy in chronic pain management
Authors: Wysokińska Olga , Małek Anna , Zadrożna Karolina , Iwaniszyn-Zapołoch Klara , Cholewa Krystian
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAs chronic pain occurs in about 20% of the population, pain management is becoming a more and more crucial branch of medicine and its importance in many fields of medicine increases and is more appreciated. Pain is not only a physical experience, but also has a sensory and emotional component so the modern approach to pain treatment should not be limited to pharmacological treatment alone, but also should provide appropriate multifaceted psychological support to the patient and his relatives.State of knowledgePathophysiological mechanisms of developing pain can not be unmentioned while analyzing the pain management and effectiveness of psychotherapy , because physiological and psychological aspects of the human body's functioning are inextricably connected. Knowledge of pain assessment methods is always crucial to lead the psychotherapy in a proper and effective way. The mainstay of pain management is pharmacotherapy, using drug groups such as opioids and non-opioid analgesics , but the role of psychotherapy is also very important and there is much research, which proves it. SummaryMultidisciplinary treatment of patients with chronic pain is widely recommended, as well as paying attention not only to the somatic aspect, but also to the need for psychological management of these patients. It plays an extremely important role in palliative medicine and the treatment of cancer patients, as well as in neuropathic pain and neurological diseases
Thy Neighbor’s Vote: Peer Effects in Proxy Voting
Authors: Huang Jiekun
Published: September 2022

Institutional investors’ proxy voting decisions are influenced by their neighbors. I identify peer effects in proxy voting using close-call votes on shareholder-sponsored governance proposals at publicly traded financial institutions (focal institutions). I first show that the passage of a governance proposal at a focal institution makes the institution more likely to vote against management at its portfolio firms. Using a triple-difference approach, I find that the neighboring institutions of the focal institution that passes a governance proposal become more likely to vote against management in stocks that are heavily held by the focal institution. These results suggest that peer influence is an important determinant of proxy voting behavior.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4517 .
DÜSTÛRNÂME-İ ENVERÎ İLE DEDE KORKUT TÜRKİSTAN/TÜRKMEN SAHRA/GÜNBET YAZMASINDA YER ALAN EJDER MOTİFİNİN İŞLEVİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: BİLGE SAVCI Esra
Published: September 2022

Düstûrnâme-i Enverî, 15. yüzyılının ikinci yarısında (1465) Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in hükümranlığı sırasında yazılmış 118 yapraktan oluşan Osmanlı döneminin en eski tarih kitaplarından biridir. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi ile mesnevî biçiminde yazılmış olan Düstûrnâme, 3730 beyitten oluşmaktadır. Eserin Osmanlı tarihi ile ilgili olan bölümünde Şeh Melik ve oğulları Gündüz ile Gök Alp’in ejderhayla mücadelesinin anlatıldığı metin bulunmaktadır. Metinde, ejderhanın başını almak için çıkan beylerin yaşadıkları durumlar ve sonrasında gelişen olaylar anlatılmaktadır. Dede Korkut Türkistan/Türkmen Sahra/Günbet Yazması, tarihinin henüz tahmin edilemediği ancak 17.-18. yüzyıl aralığında yazıya alınmış olabileceği söylenen 31 varaktan oluşan bir eserdir. Yazma içerinde Salur Kazan’ın ejderhayı öldürmesi ile ilgili olan anlatı yer almaktadır. Çalışmada, Oğuz-nâme özelliği gösteren bu metinlerde geçen ejderha ile mücadelenin anlatıldığı kısımlar işlevleri yönünden incelenmiştir. Sözlü yaratıcılık ortamının, yazılı yaratıcılık ortamına etkileri metinler nezdinde değerlendirilmiştir. Ejderha motifinin metinler içerisindeki işlevleri tartışılmış ve ejderha motifinin, kaynağı ya da kökeni her ne olursa olsun, halk muhayyilesinde canlılığını koruduğu ve etki alanın geniş olması neticesinde bu metinlerde de yer aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Exosomes from dysfunctional chondrocytes affect osteoarthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats through FTO-dependent regulation of PIK3R5 mRNA stability
Authors: Lv Guohua , Wang Bing , Li Lei , Li Yunchao , Li Xinyi , He Haoyu , Kuang Lei
Published: September 2022

Aims

Exosomes (exo) are involved in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the function of dysfunctional chondrocyte-derived exo (DC-exo) on OA in rats and rat macrophages.

Methods

Rat-derived chondrocytes were isolated, and DCs induced with interleukin (IL)-1β were used for exo isolation. Rats with OA (n = 36) or macrophages were treated with DC-exo or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Macrophage polarization and autophagy, and degradation and chondrocyte activity of cartilage tissues, were examined. RNA sequencing was used to detect genes differentially expressed in DC-exo, followed by RNA pull-down and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP). Long non-coding RNA osteoarthritis non-coding transcript (OANCT) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5) were depleted in DC-exo-treated macrophages and OA rats, in order to observe macrophage polarization and cartilage degradation. The PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity in cells and tissues was measured using western blot.

Results

DC-exo inhibited macrophage autophagy (p = 0.002) and promoted M1 macrophage polarization (p = 0.002). DC-exo at 20 μg/ml induced collagen degradation (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cell infiltration (p = 0.023) in rats. OANCT was elevated in DC (p < 0.001) and in cartilage tissues of OA patients (p < 0.001), and positively correlated with patients’ Kellgren-Lawrence grade (p < 0.001). PIK3R5 was increased in DC-exo-treated cartilage tissues (p < 0.001), and OANCT bound to fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) (p < 0.001). FTO bound to PIK3R5 (p < 0.001) to inhibit the stability of PIK3R5 messenger RNA (mRNA) (p < 0.001) and disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Exosomal OANCT from DC could bind to FTO protein, thereby maintaining the mRNA stability of PIK3R5, further activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to exacerbate OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):652–668.
Data-stitching algorithm based on elasticity
Authors: Kurita Mikio , Ishii Asuka
Published: September 2022

Data-stitching algorithms are widely used to combine multiple sequential data or extend the working area of measurement systems. However, stitched data by the least squares method have inconsistency at the intersections due to their measurement errors, mainly drift error. We propose a new stitching algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, that considers sequential data as an elastic body. We examine the algorithm with several types of sequential data and confirm mitigating of error of drift.
Automatic design of an extreme ultraviolet lithography objective system based on the Seidel aberration theory
Authors: Tan Wei , Ji Huiru , Mo Yan , Ma Donglin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a method is proposed to solve the initial optical structure of an off-axis multimirror system for an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) application. By tracing the characteristic rays, the primary aberration can be expressed as a function of the distance and curvature based on the Seidel aberration theory. The initial structure with a favorable aberration performance is calculated when the function value is 0. We solve two different initial structures with an off-axis, six-mirror configuration with different optical powers. The NA of the finally optimized optical system is 0.25, the wavefront aberration rms value is less than

0.04

λ

, and the absolute distortion is below 1.2 nm.
Monopulse ladar: super-resolved 3D localization with Si-photonic serpentine optical phased arrays
Authors: Philbrick Channing P. , Wagner Kelvin H.
Published: September 2022

We present an optical ranging and super-resolution object localization method, monopulse ladar, used to determine the angle of a point target in two dimensions to a few percent of an optical beam width from differential measurements of four just-resolved waveform-encoded beams while simultaneously providing target range via either coherent or incoherent coded waveform correlation. A common optical carrier is shifted by four GHz-scale tones, each modulated with distinct ranging waveforms, which when transmitted from a Si-photonic 2D wavelength-steered serpentine optical phased array (SOPA) aperture form an encoded rectangular beam cluster that propagates to and scatters from a distant point target. Superposed backscattered target returns from each beam are decoded by correlation with reference waveforms at the receiver. The angular position of the target along the two orthogonal axes is calculated from pairwise ratios of beam amplitudes, while target range is determined from the round-trip time delay of each beam as measured with a wideband correlation peak. The analysis of coherent and incoherent monopulse ladar architectures presented herein indicates that a 50-fold increase in angular resolution—to the tens of arcseconds level—of a point target located within a wide field of regard is achievable while maintaining cm-scale resolution-limited ranging using a single SOPA tile transmitter, with further improvement in angular resolution possible through arrayed tiling of SOPAs. Implementation of monopulse ladar with a SOPA aperture enables non-mechanically steered high-resolution 3D object localization in a compact, low-control complexity form factor.
Adaptive dynamic adjustment star identification threshold estimation for a terrestrial star tracker
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jiang Jie , Ma Yan
Published: September 2022

As the criterion to determine whether stars are identified, the star image identification matching threshold is an important parameter in terrestrial star trackers. It not only determines the identification success rate, but also affects the redundant matching quantity and identification efficiency. This paper focuses on the problem that the identification efficiency of terrestrial star trackers is restricted by inappropriate matching thresholds and presents an adaptive dynamic adjustment star identification threshold model. Compared to the existing matching threshold, the presented model clarifies the transformation of observation star angular distance errors and dynamically estimates the corresponding identification threshold as the variation of observation angular distances and attitudes. Therefore, we believe it completes the star identification with an excellent redundant matching quantity and identification efficiency. Numerical simulation and night sky experimental results showed that the identification efficiency was improved by more than 46.54% and 22.61%, respectively, while the identification success rate remained at 100%.
Multi-branch attention prior based parameterized generative adversarial network for fast and accurate limited-projection reconstruction in fluorescence molecular tomography
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Chenbin , Song Fan , Liu Zeyu , Feng Youdan , Sun Yangyang , He Yufang , Liu Fei , Wang Daifa , Zhang Guanglei
Published: September 2022

Limited-projection fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) allows rapid reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of fluorescent targets within a shorter data acquisition time. However, the limited-projection FMT is severely ill-posed and ill-conditioned due to insufficient fluorescence measurements and the strong scattering properties of photons in biological tissues. Previously, regularization-based methods, combined with the sparse distribution of fluorescent sources, have been commonly used to alleviate the severe ill-posed nature of the limited-projection FMT. Due to the complex iterative computations, time-consuming solution procedures, and less stable reconstruction results, the limited-projection FMT remains an intractable challenge for achieving fast and accurate reconstructions. In this work, we completely discard the previous iterative solving-based reconstruction themes and propose multi-branch attention prior based parameterized generative adversarial network (MAP-PGAN) to achieve fast and accurate limited-projection FMT reconstruction. Firstly, the multi-branch attention can provide parameterized weighted sparse prior information for fluorescent sources, enabling MAP-PGAN to effectively mitigate the ill-posedness and significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy of limited-projection FMT. Secondly, since the end-to-end direct reconstruction strategy is adopted, the complex iterative computation process in traditional regularization algorithms can be avoided, thus greatly accelerating the 3D visualization process. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed MAP-PGAN method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of localization accuracy and morphological recovery. Meanwhile, the reconstruction time is only about 0.18s, which is about 100 to 1000 times faster than the conventional iteration-based regularization algorithms. The reconstruction results from the physical phantoms and in vivo experiments further demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the MAP-PGAN method in achieving fast and accurate limited-projection FMT reconstruction.
Accelerating model synchronization for distributed machine learning in an optical wide area network
Authors: Liu Ling , Song Liangjun , Chen Xi , Yu Hongfang , Sun Gang
Published: September 2022

Geo-distributed machine learning (Geo-DML) adopts a hierarchical training architecture that includes local model synchronization within the data center and global model synchronization (GMS) across data centers. However, the scarce and heterogeneous wide area network (WAN) bandwidth can become the bottleneck of training performance. An intelligent optical device (i.e., reconfigurable optical all-drop multiplexer) makes the modern WAN topology reconfigurable, which has been ignored by most approaches to speed up Geo-DML training. Therefore, in this paper, we study scheduling algorithms to accelerate model synchronization for Geo-DML training with consideration of the reconfigurable optical WAN topology. Specifically, we use an aggregation tree for each Geo-DML training job, which helps to reduce model synchronization communication overhead across the WAN, and propose two efficient algorithms to accelerate GMS for Geo-DML: MOptree, a model-based algorithm for single job scheduling, and MMOptree for multiple job scheduling, aiming to reconfigure the WAN topology and trees by reassigning wavelengths on each fiber. Based on the current WAN topology and job information, mathematical models are built to guide the topology reconstruction, wavelength, and bandwidth allocation for each edge of the trees. The simulation results show that MOptree completes the GMS stage up to 56.16% on average faster than the traditional tree without optical-layer reconfiguration, and MMOptree achieves up to 54.6% less weighted GMS time.
Manipulation of optical bound states in the continuum in a metal-dielectric hybrid nanostructure
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Lu Yanxin , Jiang Jiayi , Chen Yihang
Published: September 2022

Optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) are spatially localized states with vanishing radiation, despite their energy embedded in the continuum spectrum of the environment. They are expected to greatly enhance light–matter interaction due to their long lifetime and high quality factor. However, the BICs in all-dielectric structures generally exhibit large mode volumes and their properties are difficult to manipulate. In this paper, we propose a metal–dielectric hybrid nanostructure where a silver film is inserted into the silicon (Si) substrate under the Si nanopillar array. We show that symmetry-protected BIC in this system can couple with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to form a hybridized mode. Compared with previous symmetry-protected BICs in all-dielectric structures, the SPP-coupled BIC has a significantly decreased mode volume, and its corresponding electric field is strongly localized below the Si nanopillars. We also show that the SPP mode makes the original polarization-independent symmetry-protected BIC become polarization-dependent. In addition, we demonstrate that the silver film in the considered structure can induce a metal mirror effect. The destructive interference between the magnetic dipole inside the Si nanopillars and the mirror magnetic dipole in the silver film can lead to the formation of accidental BICs. Our hybrid structure provides a versatile platform for the manipulation of light–matter interaction in the nanoscale.
Pax6 limits the competence of developing cerebral cortical cells to respond to inductive intercellular signals
Authors: Manuel Martine , Tan Kai Boon , Kozic Zrinko , Molinek Michael , Marcos Tiago Sena , Razak Maizatul Fazilah Abd , Dobolyi Dániel , Dobie Ross , Henderson Beth E. P. , Henderson Neil C. , Chan Wai Kit , Daw Michael I. , Mason John O. , Price David J.
Published: September 2022

The development of stable specialized cell types in multicellular organisms relies on mechanisms controlling inductive intercellular signals and the competence of cells to respond to such signals. In developing cerebral cortex, progenitors generate only glutamatergic excitatory neurons despite being exposed to signals with the potential to initiate the production of other neuronal types, suggesting that their competence is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this limitation is due to their expression of transcription factor Pax6. We used bulk and single-cell RNAseq to show that conditional cortex-specific Pax6 deletion from the onset of cortical neurogenesis allowed some progenitors to generate abnormal lineages resembling those normally found outside the cortex. Analysis of selected gene expression showed that the changes occurred in specific spatiotemporal patterns. We then compared the responses of control and Pax6-deleted cortical cells to in vivo and in vitro manipulations of extracellular signals. We found that Pax6 loss increased cortical progenitors’ competence to generate inappropriate lineages in response to extracellular factors normally present in developing cortex, including the morphogens Shh and Bmp4. Regional variation in the levels of these factors could explain spatiotemporal patterns of fate change following Pax6 deletion in vivo. We propose that Pax6’s main role in developing cortical cells is to minimize the risk of their development being derailed by the potential side effects of morphogens engaged contemporaneously in other essential functions.