bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flagellar motor protein FliL forms a scaffold of circumferentially positioned rings required for stator activation
Authors: Tachiyama Schoichi , Chan Kar L. , Liu Xiaolin , Hathroubi Skander , Li Wenwei , Peterson Briana , Khan Mohammad F. , Ottemann Karen M. , Liu Jun , Roujeinikova Anna
Published: January 2022

Significance

Bacteria have evolved appendages called flagella that are spun by an ingenious rotary motor that harnesses electrochemical energy to power rotation. To uncover and understand nature's blueprint of this nanoscale engine, an integrative structural biology approach is required. We used a combination of mutagenesis, cryogenic electron tomography, and crystallography to reveal the architecture of a circle of rings scaffold that likely serves to organize and stabilize individual power-generating units of the flagellar motor in their active form. The knowledge about the structure–function relationships within the bacterial flagella motor is a source of inspiration for nanotechnology and can be one of the first steps toward making artificial motors on the same scale or controlling motility for medical applications.
Molecular basis of differential receptor usage for naturally occurring CD55-binding and -nonbinding coxsackievirus B3 strains
Authors: Wang Qingling , Yang Qian , Liu Congcong , Wang Guoqing , Song Hao , Shang Guijun , Peng Ruchao , Qu Xiao , Liu Sheng , Cui Yingzi , Wang Peiyi , Xu Wenbo , Zhao Xin , Qi Jianxun , Yang Mengsu , Gao George F.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Receptor usage can affect cell tropism and viral pathogenicity. CVB causes viral-induced heart disease, aseptic meningitis, and many other severe diseases globally that can engage CAR in host cells and selectively utilizes CD55 to infect them. However, the mechanism of CVB differential receptor usage and its dynamic entry into cells remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of VP3-234 residues as critical population selection determinants influencing CD55 affinity/specificity for naturally occurring CVB3 strains. Moreover, the demonstration that CAR facilitates viral uncoating with strain-dependent pH preferences suggests that the entry and infection of different enterovirus strains vary with the extent of pH dependence. Altogether, these findings expand our understanding of nonenveloped virus infections and provide clues for therapeutic interventions.
Development and quantitative analysis of a biosensor based on the Arabidopsis SWEET1 sugar transporter
Authors: Park Jihyun , Chavez Taylor M. , Guistwhite Jordan A. , Gwon Sojeong , Frommer Wolf B. , Cheung Lily S.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Transporters are the gatekeepers of the cell. Transporters facilitate the exchange of ions and metabolites between cellular and subcellular compartments, thus controlling processes from bacterial chemotaxis to the release of neurotransmitters. In plants, transporters have key roles in the allocation of carbon to nonphotosynthetic organs. Biosensors derived from transporters have been generated to monitor the activity of these proteins within the complex environment of the cell. However, a quantitative framework that reconciles molecular and cellular-level events to help interpret the response of biosensors is still lacking. Here, we created a sugar transporter biosensor and formulated a mathematical model to explain its response. These types of models can help realize multiscale, dynamic simulations of metabolite allocation to guide crop improvement.
Reframing the Islamic glossary in the English translations of the Arabic editorials
Authors: Hijjo Nael F. M. , Lesch Harold M.
Published: January 2022

This paper investigated contemporary journalistic English translations of Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in light of the current civil wars in the Middle East and North Africa, and the war on terror as well as Islamophobia and the refugee crisis. It studied the critical role of translation agencies in reframing and renegotiating the Islamic glossary through their own lens, which may be ideologically positioned. The paper further examined the English translations of the Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in the target texts which were published by the Washington-based advocacy group the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI). The data were collected manually from MEMRI’s online archive from the years 2013 to 2016. The data selection was based on a designed search that linked Daesh (ISIS) and any of its aliases with any of the Islamic terms and concepts which are repeatedly used in media narratives within the context of the ‘war on terror’ and ‘Islamic extremism’. The study employed Baker’s (2006) narrative-informed theory and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures taxonomy to assist in the data analysis. The findings suggested that transference (transliteration) is a significant procedure used by MEMRI in justifying, legitimizing and normalizing particular narratives to the public and that translators are decisive participants in constituting and informing the social and political reality. The findings also demonstrated that narrativity features, relationality in particular, are significant tools in reconstructing reality in translation. Through translation, MEMRI draws upon the metanarrative of the ‘war on terror’ in promoting its ideologically laden agenda of terrorist Arabs and Muslims.
The dominance of English
Authors: Šveda Pavol , Djovčoš Martin
Published: January 2022

The unprecedented spread of English and its growing dominance in the translation and interpreting industry have implications on the market behaviour of translators and interpreters depending on the combination of their working languages. This paper investigates the extent to which market signals (e.g. average rates and workloads) can be reflected in the motivation of students to enter the translation profession in respect to the combination of their working languages and the inclusion of English within that combination. Two surveys were used to obtain data for our analysis: one focused on the market behaviour of professional translators, whereas the other assessed the plans and motivations of T&I students at the end of their studies. Respondents in both surveys were divided according to the role of English in their language combination. As this paper demonstrates, professionals working only with English (or with English and at least one other foreign language) had a better position in the market in terms of overall workload. These groups of professionals also had a more positive outlook in terms of demand for their services. On the contrary, professionals working with languages other than English had a lower workload and a more pessimistic outlook in terms of demand for their services. As our data suggest, students in the same category of working language combinations (without English) were more hesitant to pursue a career in the industry. Our findings underline a degree of sensitivity among students to market signals depending on the combination of their working languages. Importantly, they present relevant information for T&I programme administrators and university management when designing curricula and planning future study programmes.
Risk-Increasing and Risk-Reducing Factors for Violence: A Qualitative Study of Forensic Patients’ Perceptions
Authors: Levin Sara K. , Nilsen Per , Bendtsen Preben , Bülow Per
Published: January 2022

This study investigated forensic patients’ perceptions of relevant factors for violence risk, to facilitate an understanding of potential reasons for violence and the effect of risk management interventions. Semi-structured interviews with 13 forensic patients were analyzed with qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach. The sample of participants could identify an array of potentially relevant factors for their use of violence related to themselves, the external context, social and relational aspects, as well as situational factors. Most also actively strived to manage such risk. Considering patients’ perceptions could potentially add relevant perspectives and improve clinical and structured risk assessments.
Tungsten and molybdenum oxide nanostructures: two-dimensional layers and nanoclusters
Authors: Surnev Svetlozar , Netzer Falko P
Published: January 2022

W- and Mo-oxides form an interesting class of materials, featuring structural complexities, stoichiometric flexibility, and versatile physical and chemical properties that render them attractive for many applications in diverse fields of nanotechnologies. In nanostructured form, novel properties and functionalities emerge as a result of quantum size and confinement effects. In this topical review, W- and Mo-oxide nanosystems are examined with particular emphasis on two-dimensional (2D) layers and small molecular-type clusters. We focus on the epitaxial growth of 2D layers on metal single crystal surfaces and investigate their novel geometries and structures by a surface science approach. The coupling between the oxide overlayer and the metal substrate surface is a decisive element in the formation of the oxide structures and interfacial strain and charge transfer are shown to determine the lowest energy structures. Atomic structure models as determined by density functional theory (DFT) simulations are reported and discussed for various interface situations, with strong and weak coupling. Free-standing (quasi-)2D oxide layers, so-called oxide nanosheets, are attracting a growing interest recently in the applied research community because of their easy synthesis via wet-chemical routes. Although they consist typically of several atomic layers thick—not always homogeneous—platelet systems, their quasi-2D character induces a number of features that make them attractive for optoelectronic, sensor or biotechnological device applications. A brief account of recently published preparation procedures of W- and Mo-oxide nanosheets and some prototypical examples of proof of concept applications are reported here. (MO3)3 (M = W, Mo) clusters can be generated in the gas phase in nearly monodisperse form by a simple vacuum sublimation technique. These clusters, interesting molecular-type structures by their own account, can be deposited on a solid surface in a controlled way and be condensed into 2D W- and Mo-oxide layers; solid-state chemical reactions with pre-deposited surface oxide layers to form 2D ternary oxide compounds (tungstates, molybdates) have also been reported. The clusters have been proposed as model systems for molecular studies of reactive centres in catalytic reactions. Studies of the catalysis of (MO3)3 clusters in unsupported and supported forms, using the conversion of alcohols as model reactions, are discussed. Finally, we close with a brief outlook of future perspectives.
ADMIRA project: teaching particle physics at high school with Timepix detectors
Authors: Parcerisas D , Ballabriga R , Amorós E , Argudo A , Campbell M , Casas L , Christodoulou P , Colomé R , Corrons D , Curcó V , Enajas M , Granja C , Grauges E , Gou A , Lleó E , Llopart X , Pallares E , Pino H , Serra S , Valero G
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the case for how students can be helped to increase their scientific vocation by experimental work and the introduction of particle physics into pre-university studies. These two ideas are the two main lines of work of the ADMIRA initiative, which has been created by individuals belonging to different and complementary educational and research institutions. The initiative consists of a network of schools that share Minipix devices, a readout system for the Timepix detector designed at CERN in the framework of the Medipix2 Collaboration. The schools receive logistical and technical support from the local University (the University of Barcelona) and from CERN. The centres involved and the objectives, as well as the characteristics of the project are presented. The technical and didactic materials available are also shown. Finally, some initiative data has been analysed to show its rapid growth, and some students’ research is presented showing the diversity of tasks that can be done with such detectors.
A polarization-insensitive, wide-angle dual-band tunable graphene metamaterial perfect absorber with T-shaped strips and square ring
Authors: Yuan Yujiao , Qi Yunping , Zhang Baohe , Ding Jinghui , Liu Weiming , Chen Haowen , Wang Xiangxian
Published: January 2022

Metamaterial perfect absorbers play an essential role in many optoelectronic devices. In this paper, a dual-band tunable metamaterial perfect absorber based on graphene is proposed. The simulation results present that under normal incidence two absorption peaks of 99.9% and 99.9% occur at the frequencies 1.69 THz and 4.30 THz, respectively. Impedance matching theory is employed to elaborate this dual-band perfect absorption phenomenon. While at oblique incidence, the absorption of the absorber remains more than 90% over a wide incident angle from 0° to 75° for the transverse electric (TE) polarization and 60° for the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization separately. Furthermore, it is also independent to the polarization angles. In addition, the effects of different geometrical parameters and the chemical potential of graphene on the resonant frequencies are investigated in detail. The two peaks of the absorber can be dynamically tuned by the variation of the chemical potential of graphene. Due to its good performances, the designed metamaterial perfect system has great potential applications in biosensing, photodetectors, stealth, and imaging devices.
Cosmological perturbations and invariant observables in geodesic lightcone coordinates
Authors: Fröb Markus B. , Lima William C.C.
Published: January 2022

We consider a recent approach to the construction of gauge-invariant relational observables in gravity in the context of cosmological perturbation theory. These observables are constructed using a field-dependent coordinate system, which we take to be geodesic lightcone coordinates. We show that the observables are gauge-independent in the fully non-linear theory, and that they have the expected form when one adopts the geodesic lightcone gauge for the metric. We give explicit expressions for the Sasaki-Mukhanov variable at linear order, and the Hubble rate — as measured both by geodesic observers and by observers co-moving with the inflaton — to second order. Moreover, we show that the well-known linearised equations of motion for the Sasaki-Mukhanov variable and the scalar constraint variables follow from the gauge-invariant Einstein's equations.
Effects of electrical stress on the characteristics and defect behaviors in GaN-based near-ultraviolet light emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Ying-Zhe , Wang Mao-Sen , Hua Ning , Chen Kai , He Zhi-Min , Zheng Xue-Feng , Li Pei-Xian , Ma Xiao-Hua , Guo Li-Xin , Hao Yue
Published: January 2022

The degradation mechanism of GaN-based near-ultraviolet (NUV, 320–400 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with low-indium content under electrical stress is studied from the aspect of defects. A decrease in the optical power and an increase in the leakage current are observed after electrical stress. The defect behaviors are characterized using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurement under different filling pulse widths. After stress, the concentration of defects with the energy level of 0.47–0.56 eV increases, accompanied by decrease in the concentration of 0.72–0.84 eV defects. Combing the defect energy level with the increased yellow luminescence in photoluminescence spectra, the device degradation can be attributed to the activation of the gallium vacancy and oxygen related complex defect along dislocation, which was previously passivated with hydrogen. This study reveals the evolution process of defects under electrical stress and their spatial location, laying a foundation for manufacture of GaN-based NUV LEDs with high reliability.
The influence of collision energy on magnetically tuned 6Li-6Li Feshbach resonance
Authors: Zhang Rong , Han Yong-Chang , Cong Shu-Lin , Shundalau Maksim B
Published: January 2022

The effect of collision energy on the magnetically tuned 6Li–6Li Feshbach resonance (FR) is investigated theoretically by using the coupled-channel (CC) method for the collision energy ranging from 1 μK ⋅ k
B to 100 μK ⋅ k
B. At the collision energy of 1 μK ⋅ k
B, the resonance positions calculated are 543.152 Gs (s wave, the unit 1 Gs = 10−4 T), 185.109 Gs (p wave |ml
| = 0), and 185.113 Gs (p wave |ml
| = 1), respectively. The p-wave FR near 185 Gs exibits a doublet structure of 4 mGs, associated with dipole–dipole interaction. With the increase of the collision energy, it is found that the splitting width remains the same (4 mGs), and that the resonance positions of s and p waves are shifted to higher magnetic fields with the increase of collision energy. The variations of the other quantities including the resonance width and the amplitude of the total scattering section are also discussed in detail. The thermally averaged elastic rate coefficients at T = 10, 15, 20, 25 K are calculated and compared.
Stochastic gravitational wave background from PBH-ABH mergers *
Authors: Cui Wenfeng , Huang Fei , Shu Jing , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2022

The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources made of the same species, such as mergers from binary primordial black holes or those from binary astrophysical black holes. In this paper, we study a new possibility – the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by mergers of one primordial black hole and one astrophysical black hole. Such systems are necessarily present if primordial black holes exist. We study the isotropic gravitational wave background produced through the history of the universe. We find it is very challenging to detect such a signal. We also demonstrate that it is improper to treat the gravitational waves produced by such binaries in the Milky Way as a directional stochastic background due to a very low binary formation rate.
Comparison of novel SCADA Data Cleaning Technique for Wind Turbine Electric Pitch System
Authors: McKinnon C , Tartt K , Carroll J , McDonald A , Plumley C , Ferguson D
Published: January 2022

Wind turbines typically do not operate in the ideal operating conditions, leading to abnormal behaviour that is reflected in their power curves. This abnormal behaviour can affect the performance of condition monitoring processes, as it may mask faulty behaviour. By cleaning other abnormal data, such as curtailment, models can learn the normal behaviour of the turbines.

This paper presents a novel cleaning technique that utilises a combination of data binning and the Mahalanobis distance. This removes between 5 to 6% of the data, without great loss of normal data. When compared against other data cleaning techniques, the one presented in this paper produces a more ideal power curve. This technique could improve the performance of data-based condition monitoring techniques.
How do Humans decide under Wind Power Forecast Uncertainty — an IEA Wind Task 36 Probabilistic Forecast Games and Experiments initiative
Authors: Möhrlen Corinna , Giebel Gregor , Bessa Ricardo J. , Fleischhut Nadine
Published: January 2022

The need to take into account and explicitly model forecast uncertainty is today at the heart of many scientific and applied enterprises. For instance, the ever-increasing accuracy of weather forecasts has been driven by the development of ensemble forecasts, where a large number of forecasts are generated either by generating forecasts from different models or by repeatedly perturbing the initial conditions of a single forecast model. Importantly, this approach provides robust estimates of forecast uncertainty, which supports human judgement and decision-making. Although weather forecasts and their uncertainty are also crucial for the weather-to-power conversion for RES forecasting in system operation, power trading and balancing, the industry has been reluctant to adopt ensemble methods and other new technologies that can help manage highly variable and uncertain power feed-ins, especially under extreme weather conditions.

In order to support the energy industry in the adaptation of uncertainty forecasts into their business practices, the IEA Wind Task 36 has started an initiative in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Hans-Ertel Center for Weather Research to investigate the existing barriers in the industry to the adoption of such forecasts into decision processes. In the first part of the initiative, a forecast game was designed as a demonstration of a typical decision-making task in the power industry. The game was introduced in an IEA Wind Task 36 workshop and thereafter released to the public. When closed, it had been played by 120 participants. We will discuss the results of our first experience with the experiment and introduce some new features of the second generation of experiments as a continuation of the initiative. We will also discuss specific questions that emerged when we started and after analysing the experiments. Lastly we will discuss the trends we found and how we will fit these into the overall objective of the initiative which is to provide training tools to demonstrate the use and benefit of uncertainty forecasts by simulating decision scenarios with feedback and allowing people to learn from experience, rather than reading articles, how to use such forecasts.
Deformation and fracture of porous iron under dynamic loading
Authors: Atroshenko S A , Savenkov G G
Published: January 2022

Start The aim of this work was to study the microstructural features of the process of dynamic deformation and fracture of porous iron under fast loading with a relatively simple and economical device (a cumulative “knife”).
An Existence Condition for Power-Flow of DC Microgrids with CPLs Considering Voltage Disturbance and Distributed Generations under MPPT Control
Authors: Xia Ziqing , Su Mei , Liu Zhangjie , Sun Yao , Han Hua , Liu Ruisong
Published: January 2022

For the power-flow equation of a power network, whether a feasible power-flow solution exists is necessarily important for the correct operation of the system. Besides, it is directly related to the system’s voltage stability. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the existence of the feasible power-flow solution of DC microgrids, especially for those with CPLs and a large amount of distributed generations under MPPT control (MPPPT-DGs). In this paper, a mathematical power-flow equation of the DC microgrid with CPLs is built firstly. Next, a solvability condition for the power-flow equation of the DC networks considering voltage disturbance and MPPT-DGs is derived based on Brouwer’s fixed-point theorem. Moreover, simulations are performed using MALTAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theorem.
On-line Remaining Charging-discharging Cycle Prediction of Lithium-ion Batteries using Cumulative Indicator
Authors: Luo Zeyu , Chen Hao , Wang Xian-Bo , Yang Zhi-Xin
Published: January 2022

Prediction of the effective number of full charging-discharging cycle is valuable for lithium-ion battery (LIB) replacement and recycling. This paper proposes to construct a cumulative degradation indicator (CDI) to work as a more predictable indicator. The proposed CDI is better than the original degradation indicator (DI) in multiple criteria. In the stage of determining the end-of-life (EoL) threshold, a relevance vector machine (RVM) is introduced to screen a small number of available samples, and to reduce the prediction error. In the experimental verification stage, this paper uses LIB full-life data from NASA to verify the early and long-term prediction performance of RCDC using a small sample. The experimental results show that when the proportion of training data approaches 50%, the prediction error gradually converges to the actual value.
A Construction Method of Power Grid Monitoring Knowledge Graph
Authors: Liu Yi , Huang Xinjian , Li Sen , Gao Shang , Ji Kun , Li Huihui , Xu Hanyang
Published: January 2022

Centralized monitoring and integrated intelligent alarm functions have been implemented on the control system of smart power grid, which provides technical support for the judgment and disposal of power grid accident. However, there are still some problems such as lack of systematic analysis tools and cannot realize the correlation of alarms. This paper proposes a power grid accident analysis method based on monitoring information knowledge graph, which is constructed with power grid topology and historical alarm data rules. Using this method, the staff can accurately and quickly judge the power grid accident with the support of grid topology and alarm correlation, so as to improve the efficiency of power grid accident analysis and reliability of power grid control system.
Research on Reactive Power Compensation Control of V2G Vehicle-Mounted Converter Suitable for Sharing Scenarios
Authors: Yue Hao , Wu Bingqing , Ding Jianmin , Yue Yunli , Chen Dan , Xin Dixi
Published: January 2022

The paper proposes an electric drive reconfigurable on-board converter for V2G energy management in a shared scenario. The proposed convert is obtained by adding an auxiliary circuit to the existing PEV driving hardware. In V2G mode, the converter uses drive motor as a power inductor to reduce the volume and increase power density. This paper proposes a method to adjustment active power and reactive power separately, which have able to be used for reactive power compensation on the load side. The feasibility of the system is verified by experiments.
A Data-driven Model of Pipe Diameter and Insulation Thickness Optimization for District Heating Systems
Authors: Chen Kailun , Hu Jiayi , Yu Libin , Zheng Menglian , Sun Shien , He Dong , Lin Junguang
Published: January 2022

One of the major downsides of district heating systems is the large thermal loss through the distribution pipe network, which is expected to be alleviated through the optimization for the thickness of the insulation layer and the pipe diameter. Although a few previous studies have developed a diversity of techno-economic models for optimizing the pipe diameter or the insulation thickness of the district heating pipeline, few of them were able to capture the complicated relationship among the heat loss, pipe diameter, insulation thickness, operation parameters, and complex exterior conditions in the real world (such as the conditions of the soil and degradation condition of the insulation layer). The present study devises a combined model that first bases on the heat transfer model to theoretically estimate heat losses and then bases on the data-driven artificial-neural-network model to fill in the gap between the measured and theoretical heat losses. Results show that the predicted heat losses via the developed combined model reproduce the measured data well. Furthermore, compared with the original pipe diameter and insulation layer thickness, the optimized diameters of the pipe and thickness values of the insulation layers via the proposed combined model are all elevated.
Research on Static Var Generator Detection Method for New Energy Fields and Stations in Hunan Area
Authors: Yao Xinrui , Sheng Jie , Huang Hualin , Yu Da , Hu Jinhao
Published: January 2022

With the strategy of constructing new power system with new energy as the main body put forward, the installed capacity of new energy in Hunan area will usher in explosive growth during the 14th five-year Plan period. The safe and stable operation of new energy stations to power grid will also be increasingly intensified. The paper briefly introduces the working principle, working mode and application of SVG(Static Var Generator) device supporting new energy stations. Based on relevant standards, a test scheme suitable for new energy stations in Hunan province is proposed. Taking the SVG device supporting a new energy station in Hunan province as an example, the grid-connection performance test is carried out to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the network-related performance of SVG devices in the new energy station.
Requirement Analysis of Wind Turbine High Voltage Ride-through Capability Detection and Simulation
Authors: Lu Kunpeng , Tang Wei , Zhang Bo , Guo Yutong , Li Yan , Yu Xiaoqing , Li Dongqi , He Fei , Yuan Qiujie
Published: January 2022

With the number of wind farms connected to the power system increasing rapidly, the impact of wind power generation system on power grid system stability is becoming increasingly prominent. Especially when the power grid has transient fault, there will be problems such as reverse power flow, large-area power failure of wind farm and so on. This will directly lead to the power system instability and seriously affect the power grid security and stability. Especially in the stage of voltage recovery after the fault is eliminated, the low-voltage fault of the power grid might lead to a sharp rise in the voltage of power grid and overvoltage on the high-voltage line connected to the power grid with wind farm, resulting in the disconnection of the wind power grid connected system. However, China’s current standards do not specify the high-voltage crossing of wind power grid connected system, especially the high-voltage crossing detection device, detection method and detection procedure. Therefore, it is urgent to study the detection technology of wind power high voltage crossing and put forward the detection method. There are many reasons for high-voltage power grid fault, and the interaction between power grid and inverter is more complex in high-voltage fault. If the type test method is used to simulate various high-voltage fault conditions in power system and carry out the test and study on the HVRT( high voltage ride through) performance of wind turbine, the human and material cost is huge and there are many potential safety hazards. At the same time, the grid connection performance of wind turbines are largely related to the control strategy of the controller. Therefore, the semi physical simulation method can be used to research the HVRT detection technology of wind turbine. This can effectively avoid the safety problem of large current and high voltage in the primary circuit, and realize the physical connection between the real controller and the flexible high voltage fault platform model through hardware in the loop simulation. It can simulate the wind turbine capability of high-voltage ride through under various high-voltage fault conditions. It not only has low test cost, but also can deeply study the interaction between power grid and power grid.
Research and Application of Relation Extraction based on Triple Relation Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: An Dezhi , Ma Xuejie , Jiang Cao , Liu Lei , Wang Yanxu
Published: January 2022

In recent years, data in non-Euclidean spaces is becoming more and more. Traditional methods cannot perform feature extraction on these data. Most of existing methods just extract contextual semantic features from relational instances. Their structural features in corpora are ignored. To solve this problem, the paper proposed a relation extraction method based on triple relation graph convolutional networks (TRGCN). Based on the extraction of semantic features of sentences using convolutional neural networks, this method used the concept of triple relation graphs to represent structural features. In other words, triple relation graphs were formed by considering triples formed by the relation between two entities in one sentence as nodes and triples with common entities and same relations as edges. Finally, multiple-layer graph convolutional networks were used for training. As shown by experimental results, the method proposed in this paper achieved an F1 value of 86.8% on the SemEval 2010 Tesk 8 data set, indicating that it is better than mainstream convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks.
Boundary Enhancement and Contrastive Alignment for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Liu Hao , Ma Chenzhe , Hu Juan , Liu Chengzhao , Zheng Hantao , Xu Jianglong
Published: January 2022

In the actual construction process, the supervision work of concrete pouring has many problems, such as heavy workload, low efficiency, misjudgment and omission. Deep learning shows good performance in computer vision, such as semantic segmentation and object recognition. In this paper, semantic segmentation is used to identify the position of vibrating bar in concrete pouring to provide a basis for detecting whether the vibrating behavior is standardized. Existing semantic segmentation studies ignore whether the edges of objects are finely detected. Recently, contrastive learning has made progress in computer vision. In addition, the training data differs greatly from the actual construction scene, namely domain shift. Therefore, we proposed the domain-adaptation method BECA which consists of two parts: boundary enhancement for accurate detection of edges and contrastive alignment for domain shift. Experiments show that the proposed BECA has unique advantages compared with the previous methods.
Preparation of Octahedral Mn3O4 by Liquid Phase Method
Authors: Fu Dejing , Wang Haifeng , Gou Bibo , Li Mingdong , Wang Jiawei
Published: January 2022

Octahedral manganese trioxide was prepared from manganese sulfate solution with air as oxidant and compound additive as pH regulator. The results showed that the product had high crystallinity, stable baseline and significant diffraction peak. The micro morphology was formed by stacking regular octahedral structure, the particle size was uniform, and it was about 200nm, the pores were rich, the specific surface area was 6.5 m2/g, and the tap density was 2.11g/cm3. All performance indexes of the product met the excellent standard of soft ferrite manganese trioxide (GBT21836-2008).
On the possibility to utilize a PCO Edge 4.2 bi scientific CMOS imager for extended ultra violet and soft X-ray photon detection
Authors: Menk R.H. , Arfelli F. , Cautero M. , Cautero G. , Di Fraia M. , Coreno M. , Galdenzi F. , Tutsch W.
Published: January 2022

A state of the art commercial detector, a PCO Edge 4.2 bi based on a back illuminated sCMOS sensor developed for applications in the visible light/ultra violet regime has been adapted for ultra-high vacuum operations and has been characterized using soft X-ray in the energy range from 30 eV to 1000 eV. The imager features 2048 × 2048 pixel with a pixel size of 6.5 μm × 6.5 μm and allows full frame acquisitions at 48 Hz with a dynamic range of 88 dB at a noise level of 1.9 e
−. Spatial resolution and quantum efficiency have been elucidated in the aforementioned energy range at a soft X-ray beam line at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste. The handiness of the camera as well as its Python library package allows easy and fast integration into the beam line environments of synchrotron sources and free electron lasers.
Therapeutic carbon-ion effects on monolithic active pixel sensor with 130 nm high-resistivity process
Authors: Yang B. , Duan J. , Jing L. , Wang Y. , Fu F. , Cao B. , Zhao C.
Published: January 2022

A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) is currently being designed in a new 130 nm high-resistivity (>1 kΩ·cm) CMOS process for full image beam monitoring in the carbon-ion therapeutic facility. The charge sensing node collects the charge deposited by the carbon ions that pass through the MAPS. A 3-dimensional TCAD model of the pixel has been established to study the carbon-ion induced process in the MAPS. This paper will discuss the thickness of the depletion layer, the charge collection efficiency, the charge collection time, and the characteristics of NMOS devices with different bias voltages and carbon-ion hitting locations.
Optimizing the hit finding algorithm for liquid argon TPC neutrino detectors using parallel architectures
Authors: Berkman Sophie , Cerati Giuseppe , Knoepfel Kyle , Mengel Marc , Reinsvold Hall Allison , Wang Michael , Gravelle Brian , Norris Boyana
Published: January 2022

Neutrinos are particles that interact rarely, so identifying them requires large detectors which produce lots of data. Processing this data with the computing power available is becoming even more difficult as the detectors increase in size to reach their physics goals.
Liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) neutrino experiments are expected to grow in the next decade to have 100 times more wires than in currently operating experiments, and modernization of LArTPC reconstruction code, including parallelization both at data- and instruction-level, will help to mitigate this challenge.
The LArTPC hit finding algorithm is used across multiple experiments through a common software framework. In this paper we discuss a parallel implementation of this algorithm. Using a standalone setup we find speedup factors of two times from vectorization and 30–100 times from multi-threading on Intel architectures. The new version has been incorporated back into the framework so that it can be used by experiments. On a serial execution, the integrated version is about 10 times faster than the previous one and, once parallelization is enabled, further speedups comparable to the standalone program are achieved.
Joint quantum–classical Hamilton variational principle in the phase space*
Authors: Zhdanov Dmitry V , Bondar Denys I
Published: January 2022

We show that the dynamics of a closed quantum system obeys the Hamilton variational principle. Even though quantum particles lack well-defined trajectories, their evolution in the Husimi representation can be treated as a flow of multidimensional probability fluid in the phase space. By introducing the classical counterpart of the Husimi representation in a close analogy to the Koopman–von Neumann theory, one can largely unify the formulations of classical and quantum dynamics. We prove that the motions of elementary parcels of both classical and quantum Husimi fluid obey the Hamilton variational principle, and the differences between associated action functionals stem from the differences between classical and quantum pure states. The Husimi action functionals are not unique and defined up to the Skodje flux gauge fixing (Skodje et al 1989 Phys. Rev. A 40 2894). We demonstrate that the gauge choice can dramatically alter flux trajectories. Applications of the presented theory for constructing semiclassical approximations and hybrid classical–quantum theories are discussed.
Effect of CaO/SiO2 compositions on the structure formation of mesoporous calcium silicate (CaSiO3) composite particles as adsorbent for organic dye removal
Authors: Ernawati L , Yusariarta A W , Alviany R , Halim A
Published: January 2022

The primary objective of this paper was to synthesize a calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and investigate the effect of CaO/SiO2 compositions on the structure formation of synthetic material. CaSiO3 was prepared through the solid-state method using CaO from chicken eggshells and commercial SiO2 powder as starting material. To investigate the effect of CaO/SiO2 on the structure of CaSiO3, the different molar ratios of CaO/SiO2 (i.e., 1:1, 1:7, 2:7, and 3:7) were used. BET results show the resulting product has a high specific surface area of 13,18 ±30.53 m2g-1 and a pore size of 15,16 ±18.4 nm obtained as mesoporous material. The obtained CaSiO3 particles, then to be applied for the degradation of dye pollutants in water. The adsorption capacity was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) and brilliant green (BG) degradation. The parameters of CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and contact time on the degradation efficiency of BG and MB were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the best model for BG adsorption onto CaSiO3 was a pseudo-first-order model, whereas the best model for MB adsorption was a pseudo-second-order model.
Growth rate measurements of Chlorella vulgaris in a photobioreactor by Neubauer-improved counting chamber and densitometer
Authors: Ma’mun S , Wahyudi A , Raghdanesa A S
Published: January 2022

The depletion of fossil fuel sources and increased CO2 emissions has triggered intensive research to discover renewable energy sources. With the Low Carbon Scenario, the role of renewable energy will increase to 58% in 2050. As a renewable energy source, bioethanol is environmentally friendly which can substitute gasoline. Currently, the third-generation bioethanol production technology from microalgae is still being developed. Chlorella vulgaris is one of the microalgae types with high carbohydrate content and is easy and fast to cultivate. This study aims to evaluate the growth rate of C. vulgaris cultivated in a bubble column photobioreactor using artificial seawater aerated with pure CO2. Two LED tube lights were used with 12 h light and 12 dark cycles for 12 - 13 days. Microalgae culture population was measured every 24 h using a Neubauer-improved counting chamber and a microscope equipped with a digital camera. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate,/max, was found to be 0.344 d1, and the highest concentration of 1.88 x107 cells mL1 occurred on day 7. Moreover, the microalgae populations were also measured using a densitometer. Since the calculation of the cell population used secondary data from the literature, the results were less accurate than those of the counting chamber.
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose-based graft copolymers crosslinked by gamma-irradiation for enhanced oil recovery applications
Authors: Abidin A Z , Putra R P , Aulia B F , Kurniangga F , Fajar G I
Published: January 2022

Cellulose-based polymers have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The challenge in the design of EOR polymers is the need for materials with a high low critical solution temperature (LCST) and the ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions. In this study, cellulose-methylcellulose graft copolymers were prepared with different cellulose to methylcellulose weight ratios. The copolymerization was carried out using gamma radiation doses of 5, 15, and 25 kGy, respectively. The LCST of the copolymers were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The effect of salt addition on the LCST of the materials was studied using different phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) concentrations. The results showed that the cellulose monomer concentration increase from 0.1 to 0.5% in 2% methylcellulose dispersed in water reduced the LCST from 59 to 54°C. The hydrophobic nature of cellulose moieties induced the aggregation of the copolymers into core-shell micelles. Besides, higher gamma radiation doses lowered the LCST of the copolymers. The increase in the salt concentration in the PBS medium tended to decrease the LCST due to disrupted hydration structure of the polymer chains. This work revealed that cellulose-methylcellulose copolymers could be used in chemical EOR due to their high phase transition temperatures, preventing pore clogging and enhancing oil production in the producing wells.
Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with CTACe surfactant and polyethylene glycol as potential drug carrier
Authors: D Primastari S , Kusumastuti Y , Handayani M , Rochmadi
Published: January 2022

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) pure is easy to form aggregate, making it difficult to apply as a drug carrier since it can be toxic to the body. It can be overcome by functionalization using surfactants, like cetyltrimethyl ammonium trichloro-monobromo-cerate (CTACe) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). First, MWCNT was functionalized with CTACe surfactant, then further PEG 6000 was used with several MWCNT-CTACe ratios. The functionalization was conducted under ultrasonic treatment, then followed by filtration, washing, and drying. The functionalized MWCNT underwent dispersion tests using water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvents. A dispersion test with water solvent shows that the functionalized MWCNT still forms aggregates within a few minutes. Whereas, in DMSO solvent, the functionalized MWCNT can be stabilized for more than five days without forming aggregates. FTIR results show a new peak at 1105 cm−1 and an increased peak intensity around 3432 cm−1, corresponding to C-N and hydrogen bonding of N-H vibration from the CTACe. The FTIR from PEG addition shows an increase in the wavenumbers around 3432,87 cm−1, indicating the strength of O-H/N-H intermolecular hydrogen interactions of O-H PEG with N-H surfactant ether bonds.
Comparison of different phytoremediation strategies for acid mine drainage (AMD)
Authors: Rahman R A , Wintoko J , Prasetya A
Published: January 2022

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a severe environmental problem that results from mining industry activities around the world. Water pollution from acid mine drainage not only damages the quality of water and soil but also affects a sustainable environment such as plants and animals in a mining area. Mining water typically has acid with highly toxic heavy metal concentrations. Remediation is one of the technologies that can be used to reduce heavy metal pollutant water from mine drainage water. There were many researches about remediation in the past, but phytoremediation has attracted various researchers’ attention. Phytoremediation is a remediation pollutants method using a plant as a media that has the advantages of being efficient, economical, and eco-friendly. The most significant important aspect for the successful phytoremediation method is a selection of the plant species. Aquatic plants have a high level of efficiency in reducing organic and inorganic pollutants in water. The efficiency of aquatic plants can be improved with innovative approaches. This review focuses on the comparison characteristic of aquatic plants in the phytoremediation method to reduce heavy metals in pollutant water. Comparison served to support innovations to improve efficiency phytoremediation application research challenge for acid mine drainage issues in the near future.
Synthesis and pot trial of organic fertilizer from solid waste
Authors: Purnomo C W , Noviyani P , Indarti S , Schriefer G T
Published: January 2022

Organic farming nowadays is becoming popular and getting high attention worldwide. This growing field needs many nutrient sources from natural resources since organic farming cannot use synthetic fertilizer. Thus, many sources of nutrient-rich solids are being used to fulfill the demand. Here, chicken feather powder, horn powder, poultry manure, and compost are used for producing organic fertilizer. These solid waste materials are blended in various compositions, i.e., horn plus poultry and horn plus compost. Selected fertilizer formulations were tested to grow barley in a pot trial inside a glasshouse using several dosages. After about four weeks old, the barley plant is harvested and weighed to determine the optimum fertilizer formula and dosage. It appears that fertilizer formula using horn and poultry is the best fertilizer that can produce the highest biomass in a respective time and compete with synthetic NPK fertilizer.