bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Regulatory Framework in the Organization, Management and Production Efficiency
Authors: Mustafaev M G , Mustafaeva D G , Mustafaev G A
Published: March 2020

The basis for successful operation of industrial enterprises and the quality assurance of products quality management is based on a progressive regulatory framework and to ensure its respect in the production process. The role of standardization in the quality management of the products at the present stage is to strengthen the organic link with the quality standards, as well as the organizational possibilities of standardization on the combined efforts of enterprises to their targeted effects on quality at all stages of production and management levels. The Foundation of organizational-economic nature of the system of quality control is the normative-technical and methodological documentation, ensuring unity and regulating action according to the directions of the work. Assessment of product quality and process control specifies the State of the managed object and its deviations from the specified level. Building a system for the creation and production of high quality products in strict accordance with the requirements of normative documentation and meet consumer needs delivers increased efficiency of production and activities Enterprise. In order to impact on quality at all stages of production and management levels, the entire regulatory framework in the Organization, management and production efficiency is included in the standard, which is mandatory for all services and employees Enterprise. Compliance with the requirements of the standard significantly improve the quality and effectiveness of the functioning of the enterprise.
New Technologies of Business Processes in the Sphere of Customs Administration of Export-Import Transactions and Payments
Authors: Novikova S A , Sidorov D E , Goncharuk I V
Published: March 2020

Forming of a single mechanism of new business process technologies adoption into the customs administration of export-import transactions and customs payments, creation of favourable business conditions and business climate improving for attracting investment into economy and the entry of Russian producers to foreign markets is a foreground task for Russian economic security maintaining. The article reveals technologies in-demand which are the most effective for businesses when paying customs and other payments with new integrated information and communication capabilities, examines alternative approaches to calculating of predictive estimates of customs payments receipt to the federal budget and determining the level of customs payments collection for goods transported across the customs border. An optimal model for improving business process technologies in the system of customs administration of export-import transactions and payments; the updated procedure of customs operations for the declaration, control and release of goods performance are proposed in the article.
The Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas in Terms of Development of Organic Farming
Authors: Voronkova O Yu , Kovaleva I V
Published: March 2020

Sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas of the Altai territory in the development of organic farming remains an urgent task. The irrationality of crop management is manifested in the low culture of agriculture, the increased level of unprofitability of territories, which ultimately leads to indifferent farming in the region. The article substantiates that among the internal factors of socio-economic development of rural areas one of the main is the production-territorial localization, represented by the territorial-production localization of raw materials and commodity markets. Production and territorial localization of rural areas allows us to assess the development trends of a single territory, its economic potential in the direction of organic agriculture, as well as contributes to the development of appropriate measures of regional socio-economic policy.
Generating Information to Improve Product Quality of Automotive Components by Russian Manufacturers
Authors: Kas’yanov S V
Published: March 2020

The application of the Taylor system at Soviet automobile plants is analyzed. Its development to the scale of the industry and the country as a whole is shown. The absence of incentives for enterprises to increase the quality and improve the production management system was noted. Managers of enterprises misunderstand the purpose of quality management system implementation, the predominance of the formal approach to certification, application of new quality control methods without being linked to domestic technical documentation. Adequate perception of ISO/TS requirements began only when foreign customers approved the production of Russian suppliers. The identified omissions of suppliers in preproduction are listed. Based on the results of work with enterprise-suppliers specialists, the main directions for the formation of effective QMS by Russian corporations are determined. Standard layouts, checklist sheets, control sheets, work instructions have been developed for suppliers. Adequate methods of quality management have also been developed. It is concluded that the real quality improvement of automotive components by Russian suppliers is a long-lasting process. Its effectiveness is determined by the effectiveness of activities on the part of suppliers, corporations and Russian government.
Prospects for International Cooperation of EAEU Countries on Export Development
Authors: Trubitsyn K V , Mitioglo A A
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the issues of export development in the context of Eurasian economic integration. Achieving the goal of creating an effective system of division of labor and production cooperation within the EAEU is planned through the growth in the volume of trade turnover between Russia and the EAEU member states by 2024 by 1.5 times. Successful implementation of challenges of integration within the framework of the EAEU may provide a total supplementary GDP growth of the EAEU by 2030 by $ 210 billion on current basis. In order to achieve the predicted effects, the article includes an estimation of the trade turnover between the EAEU member states using the Tinbergen gravity model. An analysis of the results obtained makes it possible to conclude that the GDP growth of the EAEU member states will lead to an increase in exports of goods from Russia. The paper also presents the impact of gross domestic products of Russia and the EAEU Member States on the total value of the relevant exports.
Spatial Heterogeneity of «Green» Economy and Transaction Costs in Forestry
Authors: Glazyrina I , Zabelina I , Faleychik L
Published: March 2020

In this paper authors provide the further elaboration in a quantitative spatial analysis of the Russian regions in the context of the green economy concept. Two quantitative factors characterizing the population welfare are considered: the total wage fund and the regional public financial fund from own revenues per capita. As key environmental indicators, the authors chose eco-intensity indicators for regional economic systems. Our estimates show substantial heterogeneity of the Russian sub-federal units on socio-environmental characteristics. It is shown that the population of many regions not only lives under high anthropogenic pressure (overall and per capita), but they are also not provided with additional resources “collective welfare” at the expense of own budget revenues, despite the disadvantageous environmental conditions. It was noted that “carbon regulation”, directed at development a low-carbon economy, should not be based on quantitative indicators, which is the same for the whole country. Due to the heterogeneity it will require fine-tuning, taking into account regional specificity of the relationships between factors of well-being and anthropogenic pressures. The aim to decline of carbon-intensity in local economies in different regions of the country will require different timelines, and the relevant “road maps” need to be taken into account. In public policy to reduce carbon emissions, special attention should be paid to the differentiation of transaction costs for managing, protecting and restoring forest ecosystems. In state policy on carbon reduction issues, one of the focuses of special attention should be on differentiating the transaction costs of managing, protecting and restoring forest ecosystems.
Problems and Perspectives of Implementation of Metalmatrix Composition Materials in Automotive Industry
Authors: Chernyshov E A , Romanov I D , Romanova E A
Published: March 2020

In this paper we studied possible problems and perspectives of deployment of aluminum-based composite alloys in automotive industry.

Aluminum-based composite alloys thanks to their high elastic strength combined with a relatively low mass density, good casting and tribological properties with respect to conventional alloys were implemented in automotive industry over 20 years ago already.

These alloys successfully substitute steel, cast iron and titanium alloys in engine, suspension, braking units. However high final cost of auto-components made of strengthened aluminum alloys limits its applications in the industry.

In this work we presented the examples of aluminum-based composite alloy technology that reduces the production costs of final product.
Comparing the Economic Indicators of Sustainable Development in Wooden Housing
Authors: Arkhangelskaya Y , Arkhangelskaya E
Published: March 2020

Sustainable development as a concept of construction arose some 20 years ago. Nowadays, this is a global trend in conventional construction. This paper analyzes the sustainable development indicators, mainly the economy of wooden housing. The proposed method for calculating the economic sustainability indicators is based on calculating the full life cycle of a house with a breakdown into such stages as design, construction, operation, and disposal. The paper compares wooden housing against conventional reinforced-concrete residential buildings in terms of this economic indicator. Stakeholder analysis assesses the sustainability factors (environmental, economic, and social); the assessment can be used to draw sustainable development policies, strategic goals and objectives pertaining to wooden housing.
Digitalization as a Driver of Innovation for Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Ivanov I , Lukyanova T , Orlova L
Published: March 2020

This paper systematizes the basics of digital economy and describes them as potential building blocks for manufacturing. It analyzes the state-of-the-art of digitalization in the Russian Federation as well as how it manifests itself in manufacturing. Analysis of industrial innovation identifies the reasons why the manufacturing sector lags behind with respect to digitalization; the paper further sets forth the objectives, accomplishing which will bolster industrial innovation. The present study has discovered the basic technological trends applicable to the digitalization of industrial enterprises; additive manufacturing is the crucial aspect here. The paper presents individual positive exmaples of how Russian enterprises have managed to put the Industry 4.0 concept into good use. Revolutionizing the whole structure of Russian manufacturing requires developing and implementing innovative business models, above all the next-gen digital platforms. To facilitate the innovative development of Russian industrial enterprises, this paper substantiates the need for their cooperation that is both catalyzed by, and results in, digitalization of processes and business processes. The article structure the innovative cluster as a complex of blocks for research, education, production, infrastructure, and coordination. What distinguishes a cluster is that is is innovation-focused, whereas end-to-end digitalization supports generating the value added for the enterprises in the cluster. The paper also presents a mechanism that an innovative cluster could use to keep running efficiently in the light of end-to-end digitalization.
Business Modeling In Business Operations of Manufacturing Company
Authors: Temnyshov I A , Belyaev A M
Published: March 2020

Any business is based upon its operations. In fact, business modeling is modeling of business operations. Business modeling of operations at the manufacturing company is aimed at determining competitive advantages that are external and internal. External competitive advantages provide for the current success and internal ones provide the future leadership. A business model as a whole is a tool for formation, development and management of competitive advantages.
Process Management: Some Implementation Aspects
Authors: Patrusova A M , Vahrusheva M Y
Published: March 2020

An organization can make a transition to process management by three steps: planning, introduction and implementation. Every step has a list of measures that form an algorithm or a step-by-step instruction for the manager to implement the modern management tool. The article analyses scientific sources to identify problems and solutions to methodological problems associated with the implementation of process management; its implementation stages are justified and described; the future of such innovations in organisations is outlined. In order to identify economic problems, three approaches to expenditure classification are proposed: analytical, functional and content ones. The implementation algorithm for a comprehensive approach to the expenditure classification was developed.
Instilling Safety Culture into Future Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Authors: Mykhnyuk M I , Abiltarova E N
Published: March 2020

This paper analyzes the environment of instilling a safety culture into future occupational health and safety specialists. What makes this research relevant is that it proposes, substantiates, and seeks to create a productive environment to teach competitive occupational health and safety specialists. Higher education should produce a personality that is stably capable of safe occupational behavior and of protecting others from a variety of occupational risks. This paper analyzes Russian and international publications on instilling safety skills; it also presents a survey of occupational health and safety students, specialists, and professors. Research results prove it relevant. The finding is that proper environment for instilling a safety culture into future occupational health and safety specialists results in better training.
Harrington Desirability Function for Multi-Attribute Outdoor Space Quality Assessment
Authors: Terskaya L A , Slesarchuk I A
Published: March 2020

The current economy of public utilities makes it imperative for property management companies and apartment owners (landlords) to assess the quality of outdoor space near the house. This is a multidimensional phenomenon, which means it requires a special mathematical toolkit based on the Harrington desirability function. The goal hereof is to devise inputs to use the Harrington desirability function for multi-attribute outdoor space quality assessment. The research identifies the acceptable limits of outdoor space quality metrics and defines the effective range of all particular assessment parameters. One finding is that in most cases, it is appropriate to use a four-grade parametric assessment, i.e. to render each particular assessment as normative, unacceptable, acceptable, or best. The paper summarizes the inputs for multi-attribute outdoor space quality assessment by encoding the values of particular parameters into five cumulative metrics in a tabular format. Testing the proposed method shows it offers a rather easy-to-use toolkit suitable for professional and domestic use.
Algorithm for the Development and Delivery of a Multi-Item Set of Spare Parts and Maintenance Supplies for Geographically Dispersed Consumers
Authors: Shilovsky V N , Pitukhin E A , Skobtsov I G
Published: March 2020

The algorithm for the best development and delivery of a multi-item set of spare parts (SP) and/or maintenance supplies (MS) from the warehouse of the manufacturer or the central warehouse of the dealer to remote/geographically dispersed consumers that use a certain type of equipment. The solution to this problem is very important in order to improve the efficiency of the technical operation of machines and equipment used in any business. Market economy conditions require a strong need in spare parts and a new level of monitoring and management of the spare part provision system for machines and equipment. The article concerns the automation of the management decision making process and practical implementation of the algorithm based in the method that takes the form of a set of math models that take into account the sufficient number of factors and establish the right connections between the controlled and non-controlled variables. The controlled and noncontrolled parameters have been established, the structure of the algorithm for the implementation of math models allows to form a set of spare parts and choose a proper vehicle for the delivery of the set to the consumer. The multi-item set of spare parts must be flexible, both in terms of its composition and of the number of items on the list, the names of the parts that depend on the specific conditions of the delivery, including the operation conditions and the reliability of the serviced equipment. The establishment of the economically justified parameters for the delivery and stock set of spare parts for geographically distributed consumers should be conducted by the minimization of expenditures on the delivery and development of this analytical expression of the target function and the algorithm for its implementation when it comes to any equipment, including construction, agricultural or forest equipment.
Business Activity of Orenburg Region Engineering Plants: Practical Results and Problems
Authors: Mikhailova O P , Voronina V M
Published: March 2020

The business activity of an industrial company manifests itself in the dynamics of its development, achieving the set goals and efficient use of industrial potential as well as expanding product target markets. The relevance of improving the procedure for evaluating the company’s business activity and the underdeveloped problem of selection and optimal calculation of the method applied to obtain the indicators pre-determined the authors’ choice of the research scope. In the article the authors suggest their own method for analyzing and evaluating the business activity of an industrial company on the basis of the interaction between such business activity and “Golden rule of the company’s economics”. Further, the authors appraised the proposed method applied for the business activity evaluation by the example of engineering plants in the Orenburg region. The authors obtained practical results and identified the problems in their business activity. On the basis of research results the authors determined the main strategic ways for developing engineering complex in the Orenburg region.
Feasibility of Energy Sector Development and Optimization Program of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Volotkovskaya N S , Semenov A S , Fedorov O V
Published: March 2020

This paper is a feasibility study of the long-term program for the development and optimization of local energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It sets the primary goals and objectives of research, which is to reliably supply high-quality electricity to isolated settlements, to reduce subsidies the local energy providers need, and to renew the fixed assets. The paper overviews the state of the art in the Republic’s energy sector and compares different versions of the local energy optimization program from the standpoint of feasibility. The authors conclude on the prospects of implementing the presented program.
Peculiarities of Steam Treatment of Edible Plant Raw Materials and Simulation Thereof
Authors: Verboloz E I , Raspopov D V , Leu A G , Nikolyuk O I
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, methods of treating dispersed edible raw materials with water steam under different pressures are widely used in the food processing industry. The conditioning, drying and blanching to achieve a certain humidity and/or temperature are typical non-steady processes taking place at either constant or varying (decreasing) pace. This article describes an analytical solution of a differential equation system for joint heat and mass transfer that describes distribution of heat and moisture fields on the stage of material heating. The following peculiarities of treating edible raw materials have been taken into account to set an appropriate boundary value problem: certain objects of edible processed horticultural raw materials (dried harvested potatoes, washed fruits or pre-treated sunflower seeds prior to sunflower-seed oil expression) have been classified as a group of products with a tight spherelike fruit (seed) envelope, which is why we consider them a single homogenous and isotropic particle with averaged thermophysical properties; the temperature difference between the heated air and the treated material results in condensation and liquid film formation on the surface of the objects, which is why heat is spontaneously transferred from the condensate film to the body primarily due to thermal conductivity and moisture distribution from the periphery to the center. The closely related issues of storing agricultural plant raw materials are equally important. The rational natural resource management globally recognized as the dominant economy development trend involves the fullest possible use of the treated human-consumed plant raw materials. For instance, in most countries plant proteins outweigh animal ones in food patterns. In Japan, this ratio is 78.3 to 21.7, in Ukraine - 72.3 to 27.7, in the USA - 65.3 to 32.9, in Great Britain - 61 to 32.4; in the Federal Republic of Germany - 65.3 to 34.7; in France - 60 to 40; in Canada - 68.4 to 31.6; in China - 87.3 to 12.7; in Italy - 74.6 to 25.4. Proper storage of the collected agricultural raw materials at the stage of preparation for processing significantly contributes to the solution of this issue. Given a significant amount of root vegetables, grain and seeds in edible plant raw materials, it is evident why their storage conditions and modes are of interest to manufacturers of foodstuffs. Modern warehouses for storing such raw materials are equipped with various tools to ensure required hygrothermal modes and even to regulate composition of the environment in the rooms for direct placement of bulk root vegetables, grains and seeds. Therefore, the described issues of analytical assessment of the storage conditions for various bulk agricultural raw materials during steam treatment are rather relevant.
Section: Economics and Manufacturing Some Approaches to the Selection of Regional Financial Instability Determinants
Authors: Granitsa Y V
Published: March 2020

Financial instability assessment and forecasting at the regional level involves selecting key indicators, the list of which will differ depending on the specifics of the region’s activities.

In order to solve the problem set, it is necessary to identify the most volatile indicators, set correlations between economic indicators through building linear regression models using the least squares and co-integrated regression methods. It is also necessary to identify indicators that help predict recessions in the economic system of a region through the use of binary choice models.
Methodological Approaches to the Evaluation of Investment Efficiency Taking into Account Environmental Factors
Authors: Grenaderova M V
Published: March 2020

A huge scale of the industry connected with mining mostly non-renewable natural resources and increasing negative impact of the industrial activity on the environment result in an increasing number of environmental catastrophes and disturbance of the natural environmental balance. The global community must design an effective model of “sustainable development” to balance economy, nature and mankind. This issue is especially urgent for the Far East, its northern part, as the nature there is highly vulnerable, the environment has a long recovery period; it is also characterized by permafrost and more expensive resources. At the same time, the number of natural resource mining projects is on the rise. They inflict permanent damage on the environment. Therefore, selection of investment projects and evaluation of their effectiveness from the point of view of not only commercialization, but also of minimization of consequences for the environment is the most urgent issue. The purpose of this article is to develop approaches to the evaluation of investment efficiency taking into account environmental factors. Various methods were used throughout the study, such as comparison, methods of mathematical modelling in economics, induction, and generalization. The article describes three stages of evaluation of how investment projects affect the environment to evaluate projects from the point of view of their impact on the environment. This allows classifying projects by their impact on the nature and determine economic effect with or without consideration of environmental impact. A clarified method based on classification features of investment projects for analyzing investment efficiency was proposed. The author proposed a method of calculating indicators of environmental-economic effectiveness taking into account inflicted (or possible) environmental damage.
Regulatory Framework for Dairies
Authors: Gritsenko G M , Chernyakova M M , Ermakov A O
Published: March 2020

This paper dwells upon the regulation of dairy industry development in its digitalization, a problem that has yet to be solved both in theory and in practice. One aspect to this solution lies in developing an unconventional approach to a theoretical framework for regulating the industry and in making the guidelines for that framework. The research builds upon a cognitive technology that optimizes daily office routine: document processing, publications, reporting, declaring, etc. This helps automate information retrieval from online sources and sample the most representative data. Data analysis uses a priori ranking. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that it proves the proposed risk management method to be a feasible solution for dairy industry regulation during its digitalization. Milk production will be improved by mitigating the digitalization risks, which in turns will be enabled by cutting-edge digital tech and resource-saving technologies. The proposed risk management-based regulatory framework can become fundamental to the industrial digital system. The databases and knowledge the system will provide could be of use for local, regional, and federal executive authorities for developing and optimizing a policy to support dairy SMEs.
A comparative study of solid lubricant types on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of AA7075-zirconium boride aerospace composites
Authors: Loganathan P , Gnanavelbabu A , Rajkumar K , Ayyanar S
Published: March 2020

Aluminium alloy is the most favourable material for industrial usage because of outstanding low density, specific strength and resistance to oxidation. In this study, zirconium diboride (5 wt. % ZrB2) as hard ceramic particles and solid lubricants as hexagonal boron nitride (2.5 wt. % hBN) and tungsten disulfide (2.5 wt. % WS2) particles were used for fabrication of AA 7075 hybrid composite. The fabrication of hybrid composites is done through liquid metallurgy technique. The uniform distribution particles on matrix material were analysed through Optical Microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase of alloy and hybrid composite materials. The Micro Vickers hardness and tensile strength were used to evaluate the mechanical strength of alloy and composites. The microstructure of composites reveals fairly distributed ceramic and solid lubricant particles over the base matrix. The XRD peaks reveals presence of AA7075, ZrB2, hBN and WS2 with low intensity peaks. AA7075/ZrB2/WS2 composite shows an improved hardness and tensile strength as compared to AA7075/ZrB2/hBN composite. It was observed that the influence of WS2 on AA7075/ZrB2 composites have a higher bending strength than hBN composite and hBN particles offers easy grain movement during plastic deformation. Tensile fractured surfaces of alloy and hybrid composites were analysed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It reveals a ductile fracture in AA7075 alloy whereas ductile-brittle is observed in hybrid composites.
Design and analysis of hybrid reconfigurable wheel for armoured vehicles
Authors: Elil Raja D , Prathap Singh S , Prabhuram T
Published: March 2020

The armoured vehicles are designed to carry heavy loads and move along a variety of terrains. The mobility is the major factor that makes the armoured vehicle move freely and rapidly over the terrains. Currently wheeled vehicles and tracked vehicles are used for off-road conditions. This paper a new hybrid reconfigurable wheel has been designed and analyzed that combines the benefits of the wheels and tracks. The reconfigurable wheel contains triangular configuration and circular configuration which automatically changed with respect to the speed of the vehicle. The triangular configuration will give more traction and stability while the circular configuration will provide easy mobility. In this paper, the various components required for the proposed mechanism are designed using CATIA V5 R6 and detailed stress and displacement analysis are carried out using ANSYS R18.2. The optimum design parameters are obtained and simulation of the reconfigurable wheel is performed. The reconfigurable wheel takes a triangular configuration when the speed is below 20kmph and transformed into circular configuration while the speed increases beyond 20kmph which assures stability and mobility of the armoured vehicle.
Investigating the fracture behaviour of carburized and carbonitrided 16MnCr5
Authors: Vivek Cm
Published: March 2020

Low carbon alloys are low in cost and easily shapeable. Chemical composition of a material determines the mechanical properties. In this paper 16MnCr5, low alloy steel is surface treated via carburizing and carbonitriding in sealed quench furnace and quenched with oil. The effects of tensile deformation, strain rate behaviour and fracture characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). A detailed investigation was done on case hardness how the surface treatment alters the hardness of the material from surface to core. The fracture of the specimen after surface treatment shows results with an intergranular fracture with projected burs on the fractured specimen. This paper investigates the fracture mechanism of surface treated material.
Influence on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine by introducing medium strength magnetic field in fuel and air lines
Authors: Chandrasekaran M , Prakash KB , Prakash S , Ravikumar M
Published: March 2020

Manufacturing In this work, the energy of electromagnet is used to treat the fuel and airline for reducing the fuel consumption and emissions in four-stroke diesel engine. The experiment comprises Internal Combustion (IC) Engine test rig and electromagnets with different intensities (4500, 6000, 8500 and 10000 gauss), are installed along the honeycomb structured mini channel fuel line and air suction line. Experiments are carried out in four-stroke diesel engine test rig for variable engine load by applying medium strength magnetic field on air and fuel supply line. The medium strength magnetic field is used to improve the atomization process effectively, due to that increment in the rate of disintegration of the droplets, as result the viscosity of the fuel decreases. Because of cohesive force between the fuel molecules are affected by the magnetic field and it leads to less surface tension force effect, thus helps to improve atomization process. It is observed that, the impact of magnetic field treatment considerably increased the brake thermal efficiency about 13% and maximum fuel reduction of 11% was obtained for field intensity 10000G and also found that the HC, CO, PM, and NOx emissions are decreased about 10.4%-14.2%, 24–25%, 13%–15%, and 8.4%-11% respectively, but CO2 is increased up to 12.2% because of association of oxygen molecules with CO which is critical point and it can be treated in the catalytic converter.
ARM based electronic load controller for micro-hydropower stations
Authors: Sritha P , Preethi G
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a method for maintaining constant voltage and frequency of synchronous generator using Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) controller based Electronic Load Controller. Constant frequency and voltage can be generated by a Synchronous Generator only when a constant electrical load is maintained. It is achieved by using Electronic Load Controller (ELC).When synchronous generator is connected to a turbine or any sudden changing loads its voltage and frequency also varies. This Electronic Load Controller consist of ARM LPC 1768, ACS712 current sensor, Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), an auxiliary load and consumer load and is implemented using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. This Electronic Load Controller provides effective and easy way of controlling voltage and frequency for linear loads which obeys the ohm’s law. PWM technique is the fast response method compared to other methods having smooth speed control. So the load will be switched on/off properly and output voltage and frequency will be maintained.
Thermo-Mechanical analysis of fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Manikandan N , Vignesh T , Prasath C , Ismail Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Manufacturing industry has been revolutionized by 3D printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes introduced in the late 1980s. Subsequent to intensive research, the technology is even accessed by hobbyists. A layer-by-layer deposition of a material produces a prototype in the commercialized 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. Among the 3D printing processes, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) or Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process is the commonly used process for prototyping, manufacturing functional parts, etc. The process involves the extrusion of a molten polymer filament sequentially through a heated nozzle in the required pattern on to a platform. The FDM process primarily depends on the thermal gradient as the deposited molten material cools, solidifies and bonds with the previous layer. This temperature gradient greatly affects the produced parts microstructure and in turn the macrostructure of the final part. Numerous attempts to experimentally characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of structures fabricated with FDM have been reported in the literature. However, few attempts have been made with 2D models to predict the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the FDM printed components. In this study, a 3D thermo-mechanical model has been developed using ANSYS® workbench using the element birth and death effect. The temperature evolution, maximum principal stress and the deformation due to the thermal gradient were calculated using the developed model. The developed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was tested with properties of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) material. Through the analysis, it was shown that the model can be used as a predictive tool to understand the thermo-mechanical behaviour of FDM printed parts and also the modelling method used has a great influence on the thermal gradient of the printed parts.
A review on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys and the effects on tool geometry
Authors: Santhoshkumar S , Senthil Kumar K L , Kalil Rahiman M , Mathankumar P
Published: March 2020

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a novel technique used to join similar and dissimilar alloys. Aluminium alloys of 2XXX, 6XXX and 7XXX are reviewed and presented in this paper. In FSW welding process, heat is generated during the process and workpieces are joined without melting the aluminium alloys. The tool moves along the soften surface for joining aluminium alloys. Tool materials, tool geometry, welding speed, rotational speed, axial forces are examined and the effects on welding surfaces after welding process has been analysed. Friction stir welding can be widely used in aviation, marine and vehicle body construction industries because of its mechanical properties where fusion welding process revealed deformities on the welding materials to be joined. In this review article, the recent research of friction stir joining of aluminium alloys and its applications in various industries are explicated, including the quality of weld of aluminium alloys, the evaluation on microstructure in weld nuggets, and tool wear. The conclusion of this review is unequivocally recommended that aluminium alloys are suggested for future research with numerous industrial applications..
Optimization of machining parameters in CNC turning of AA6061-B4C-CNT hybrid composites using Grey-fuzzy method
Authors: Gnanavelbabu A , Arunachalam V , Sunu Surendran K T , Rajkumar K
Published: March 2020

Aluminium hybrid composites and its machining receives a great attention due to their superior properties like good strength to weight ratio, good castability, machinability, and low cost, suitable for various applications in automotive and aerospace industries. CNC turning is considered as an ideal method for machining of aluminium hybrid composites. Nevertheless, the parameters of turning of aluminium hybrid composites need to be optimized for better and precise machining. Also, the presence of solid lubricants such as Carbon nanotube, Graphite, hexagonal Boron Nitride etc. promotes the machinability of aluminium hybrid composites. In this study, CNC turning on AA6061 matrix based hybrid composites reinforced with Boron carbide (5-15 vol.%) and Carbon nanotube (15 vol.%) was performed. Cutting Speed (rpm):60-180, feed (mm/rev): 0.10-0.20, depth of cut (mm): 0.50-1.00 and percentage of B4C (vol.%) 5-15 were the controlling parameters and responses namely tangential force (N), cutting power (W) and tool wear (mm3/min) were considered for the optimization. Experimental design was made as per Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array and Grey-fuzzy analytical tool was applied for the optimization. The optimal setting for turning operation on this hybrid composite using Grey-fuzzy analysis were 120 rpm, 0.20 mm/rev, 0.5 mm and 15 vo.% for cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and reinforcement respectively.
Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Parameters on AA6061/B4C/hBN Hybrid Composites using Grey-RSM
Authors: Gnanavelbabu A , Arunachalam V , Sunu Surendran K T , Saravanan P
Published: March 2020

Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites (AMHCs) possess an excellent combination of physical and mechanical properties suitable for a variety of applications in automobile and aerospace industries. Addition of solid lubricant hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) reduces the complexity in machining of aluminium hybrid composites. Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional technique applied for the machining of alloys and composites, due to its better cutting performances. In this work, AA6061 matrix hybrid composites reinforced with B4C (5, 10 and 15vol.%) and hBN (15vol.%) were developed through liquid metallurgy route. The composite were then machined using AWJM. Process parameters considered were abrasive flow rate, water pressure, traverse speed, percentage of reinforcement and mesh size over the responses Kerf Taper Angle (KTA) and Surface roughness (Ra). The experimental design was based on L27 orthogonal array and Grey-RSM analytical tool was applied for optimization. The optimal values of parameter setting for AWJM machining process using Grey RSM methodology were 340 g/min, 200 MPa, 60.06 mm/min, 5.01% and 80 for abrasive flow rate, water pressure, traverse speed, percentage of reinforcement and mesh size were respectively.
Thermal and nonlinear optical properties of semiorganic single crystal: L-Threonine p-nitrophenolate (LTPNP)
Authors: Mahadevan V M , Thangeeswari T , Parthipan G
Published: March 2020

The single crystal of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate developed by uncomplicated solution growth process. The grown crystal is analysed by using various characterization techniques. The structural analyses have been carried out by using Powder XRD method. Fourier Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis confirms the functional groups exist in grown crystal. The thermal steadiness of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate crystals analysed by Thermo-gravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermal analyses (DTA). The sharp diffraction peaks in XRD pattern confirms the well crystalline nature of the synthesized sample. TG and DTA analysis prove that the synthesized sample possess good thermal constancy up to150°C. The UV-visible absorption studies show that the crystal is clearly visible in the whole visible region of the spectrum. Kurtz -Perry powder technique and Z-scan technique reveals the excellence of the synthesized samples for non linear optical (NLO) uses.
Investigation on various construction material LECA, thermal insulated and conventional blocks
Authors: Nandhakumar R , Parthipan G , Thangeeswari T , Karthikraja S , Gangadurai B
Published: March 2020

Among the various construction materials, LECA (light weight expanded clay aggregate) is a versatile material due to its unique properties and is utilized in many applications. LECA blocks are highly impermeable and have high performance properties. Thermal insulated blocks are well suited for high rise buildings to withstand high temperature. It requires less steel and concrete for structural members due to its lower density. The LECA is mixed with grade M30 with 50% and 100% of replacement. The molded concrete blocks were tested to determine the strength and workability of the blocks under various experimental conditions and different time periods such as 7 days and 28 days. The tests such as compression test and water absorption test were conducted. From the experimental investigation, we will be able to conclude the best among these blocks based on their strength.
Water flow controller for precision agriculture
Authors: Haritha J , Navina B , Prakash K
Published: March 2020

In recent years, water crisis in Asia is reaching an alarming proportion that might very soon attain the worldwide global crisis and there is an utmost need to save water. The water crisis occurs due to the increase of population, poor water harvesting, and water wastage in the manufacturing industries, process industries and agriculture sector. Therefore, each sector requires a mechanism to reduce the water wastage and save it for future needs. In this paper, an efficient irrigation system is designed to reduce the water wastage in agriculture fields. Due to the farmer’s irregularity and negligence, they leave the motor turned ON for several hours which will lead to wastage of water and more power consumption. Similarly, they forget to switch ON the motor, which also leads to the damage of crops due to insufficient water supply. The proposed system controls the flow of water in the fields in accordance with the intensity of sunlight and moisture content present in the soil. This system uses the microcontroller (Arduino UNO) assisted with LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), capacitive type moisture sensor and DHT 11 (temperature and humidity sensor). Based on the sunlight intensity and moisture content present in the soil, the Arduino UNO is programmed to turn ON/OFF solenoid valve connected to the pipeline that controls the flow of water in the agricultural fields. Thus the proposed system can operate automatically and supply water to the fields whenever needed without any human intrusion. Further, a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is connected such that the solenoid valve can be operated manually through mobile phones/laptops based on the measured parameters if required.
An F-PROMETHEE technique for analysing the risk factors in green manufacturing
Authors: Bhalaji R K A , Bathrinath S , Saravanasankar S
Published: March 2020

In the contemporary globalization, green manufacturing have achieved the more significance. Recently, many firms know about the importance of green because of the environmental and social concerns involved. Green manufacturing implementation is vital one for environment as well as improving the business. The goal of the green manufacturing is to protect the environment, prevent the pollution and also for waste reduction. But the adoption of green manufacturing is challenging for industrial managers because of the several risk factors involved in the firm. For the green manufacturing implementation, this paper aims to recognize and analyse the risk factors of green manufacturing and also to identify the critical alternative in Indian medical equipment manufacturing firm by using MCDM (Multi-Criteria decision making method) like F- PROMETHEE (Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization method for Enrichment Evaluations). The outcomes of the paper will be surely useful for industrial managers for the implementation of green manufacturing in their firms.
Moisture absorption studies on Kenaf composites at various temperatures
Authors: Naveen R , Rakeshkumar C , Sanjana L , Shwetha C , Vignesh S
Published: March 2020

In the world of manufacturing and production industries, composites are emerging to be the best of all the other available sources. Their lightweight, high strength, ease of manufacture and usage makes them superior to other materials. Nowadays, the applications of composites is almost everywhere. From household applications to automotive and aviation industries they are used. The composition of most composites mainly consist of glass, carbon fibers with epoxy resin, all these materials provide good mechanical properties to the composite but at the same time, they are very hard to dispose of as they are non -biodegradable. As these composites are not eco - friendly we can replace these synthetic fibers with natural fibers. Comparing different natural plant fibers, kenaf fibers show immense use in the automotive industry. Kenaf fibers are obtained from the plant kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) which is commonly called as Deccan hemp. In this paper, the kenaf fibers are studied for their flexural properties, moisture-absorbing capacity, and diffusion coefficient at different environmental and physical conditions. The weight of the fiber in the composite is varied for different percentages such as 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. The experiments are conducted at two different temperature conditions, at 30 °C and 50 °C and the results are noted down separately. The flexural properties are tested under three conditions, at 30°C, 50°C and at the dry condition. Experimental results show that the flexural properties are optimum for 20% weight of fiber at the dry condition. The water-absorbing properties were found to be low for lower weight ratios at 30°C. The fiber exhibited good diffusion properties at 50°C for almost all weight ratio.
Toughness study of Borided, Borided and induction modified AISI 4340 steel
Authors: Sivakumar T , Prince M , Gopalakrishnan P
Published: March 2020

In this study, pack boriding is done on AISI 4340 steel in steel containers for 3 hours at 950°C. Boriding results in the formation of FeB or Fe2B columnar microstructure at the case. Such microstructure brings about a high brittleness of the boride layer. Induction surface modification is done on Borided samples to bring down the surface hardness. We put an effort to enhance the toughness of boride layer using 30 kW power high frequency induction heat source. The toughness of borided, borided and induction surface modified specimens are evaluated by shear punch test. Cylindrical punch of 4 mm diameter is used in this test. The toughness is calculated from the load-displacement curve. Induction modified specimens exhibit 38% improvement in toughness as compared with borided specimens. This improvement in toughness may be due to blunting of acicular boride structure in to a globular structure at the interface, smooth hardness gradient and formation of single phase Fe2B microstructure as a result of induction surface modification.