bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally emitting isolated neutron star candidates from the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey
Authors: Kurpas J. , Schwope A. D. , Pires A. M. , Haberl F.
Published: May 2024

The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS) allows for the creation of a complete sample of X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs), which will significantly facilitate the study of their population properties, evolution, and connection to other families of isolated neutron stars (INSs). In this work, we conduct a systematic search for XDINSs on the eROSITA western Galactic hemisphere down to an X-ray flux limit of 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2 and discuss the resulting candidate sample. Consistently with the properties of the known XDINSs, we selected all eRASS sources possessing a soft X-ray spectral distribution and that are unlikely to be associated with optical or infrared sources. Our selection criteria allowed us to recover all known XDINSs and previously proposed candidates. In addition, we put forward 33 new candidate members for dedicated follow-up identification campaigns. We found the resulting candidate sample to be about 30–50% complete, mainly due to source confusion and the stringent cross-matching criteria adopted to select the most promising candidates for immediate follow-up investigation. The candidates of the sample presented here can be broadly divided into two groups: 13 rather soft and 20 hot and somewhat hard X-ray emitters. Interestingly, the remarkably thermal nature of the candidates in the first group as well as their spatial distribution, lack of known counterparts, and absence of significant flux variability agree well with the properties of other confirmed thermally emitting INSs. For the candidates in the second group, the current observational data do not allow one to discern between rotation-powered or recycled pulsars, cataclysmic variables, or quiescent neutron stars in binary systems or even to rule out an extragalactic nature. On the basis of population synthesis and the estimated source completeness of the search, we expect that between one and three new XDINSs are among the already singled-out list of XDINS candidates – a long-sought increase in the proposed number of members of this elusive class of X-ray emitters.
Applicability of information technology in the design and operation of water supply and wastewater systems in Russia: A review
Authors: Babchuk Viacheslav , Shilova Liubov
Published: May 2024

The article examines the role of information technology in the design and operation of water supply and wastewater systems. Noted that the history of the water supply development in Russia went back many centuries. At the same time, the first urban water supply projects were developed jointly by architects and engineers over several years; today, project development takes much less time, since in the modern world information technology has become an integral part of various industries, significantly improving the efficiency and quality of processes. The Renga functional was analyzed, algorithm for adding a new category of engineering equipment is proposed.
Water supply telemetry data processing in apartment buildings
Authors: Ignatova Elena
Published: May 2024

The digital transformation of construction and housing and utilities sector involves data-based management. The most accessible data is telemetry of electricity, gas, heat and water consumption. Despite the fact that not all apartment buildings are equipped with meters yet, it is necessary to think about methods for processing measurement data. Intelligent data processing methods are gaining wide popularity. The purpose of this study is the processing and analysis of water consumption telemetry data. The objective of the study is to determine the periods of nighttime water consumption using the clustering method. The data of apartment meters of hourly consumption of hot and cold water are investigated. The measurement period is 1 month. Intelligent cluster analysis was conducted based on the DBSCAN machine learning model (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise). Clustering objects are the hours of the day. As a result of the study, the hours of night consumption of cold and hot water were allocated, both in the whole month and separately on weekdays and Sundays. The conclusion is made about the benefits of using intelligent cluster analysis of water consumption telemetry data for effective management of water resources and equipment.
Restoration of dilapidated pipeline networks using polymer hoses
Authors: Orlov Vladimir , Podolian Dmitrii , Gorelov Artemiy
Published: May 2024

The paper considers a set of issues affecting the actual problems of operational repair and restoration work on underground pressure water and drainage pipelines made of various materials that have exhausted their standard service life and are subject to numerous defects in the form of cracks, joint divergences, rust growths, fistulas and others. The aim of the work is to consider trenchless technology as a promising method of repairing dilapidated pipelines, which uses the application of polymer hoses to the inner surface of pipeline networks. The general requirements for flexible polymer sleeves and their characteristics, the scope of application of sleeves, as well as requirements for structural materials used in the production of flexible polymer sleeves are considered as the subject of research. The result of the work is an analysis of the sequence and essence of preparatory operations, including in-line diagnostics and a coding system for the results of visual inspection of pipelines. As conclusions, examples of calculating energy savings during water transportation before and after repair and restoration work at an exemplary facility are given, depending on the technical characteristics of the hoses used, as well as their thickness, depending on the depth of the pipeline.
On the need to account changes in hydraulic performance of worn-out metal water pipes
Authors: Prodous Oleg Aleksandrovich , Shlychkov Dmitry Ivanovich , Shestakov Aleksander Anatolyevich
Published: May 2024

During the operation of metal water pipes made of steel and gray cast iron, a layer of internal deposits is formed, which changes the hydraulic potential of the pipes: the actual inner diameter, the actual speed of water movement and the actual pressure losses for resistance along the length (the actual hydraulic slope). These changes must be taken into account because the energy consumption of pumping units supplying drinking water to consumers located at a considerable distance from pumping units changes. A specific example shows how changing the hydraulic potential of worn pipes affects the energy consumption of pumping units that supply water to consumers.
Analysis of research directions in the field of “Water supply and sanitation” in the modern history of the Russian Federation
Authors: Klochko Aleksey , Latfulin Ildar
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the results of the work of scientists in the Russian Federation in the field of water supply and sanitation for the historical period of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 2022 inclusive (31 full years). The subject of the research are dissertations for the degree of candidate or doctor of Sciences in the scientific specialty 2.1.4. “Water supply, sewerage, construction systems for the protection of water resources” (05.23.04 to 02/24/2021) in accordance with the nomenclature of scientific specialties. In this paper, we propose a classification of the analyzed works to the main object of research in accordance with the structural part of the water supply and sanitation systems. We explore the intensity of successful defenses of scientific and qualification works by year, the popularity of various areas of scientific research, as well as the rating of Russian cities evaluating relevant scientific works.
Efficient Technologies Of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Gogina Elena , Spasibo Elena
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the results of a scientific research work on the use of various types of small wastewater treatment plants for objects of various purposes in conditions of periodic use. The study was carried out on model and real wastewater with subsequent refinement of the characteristics using the calculation methods of the DWA standard.The results of the operation of laboratory facilities operated in the restart mode after a certain time are presented. As a result, the duration of restoration of the operating mode under periodic operating mode was considered for each plant under study and the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment was determined. More promising technological solutions for small wastewater treatment plants under intermittent use conditions have been identified. According to the sum of the characteristics, the operation of the flooded biofilter system, which is capable of entering the operating mode within 5 days after a long shutdown, is highlighted. These technologies are recommended for use in resort areas and hotels.
Petroleum products in wastewater and their properties
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny Valerevich , Bukina Olga Valentinovna
Published: May 2024

Water bodies are polluted by oil and petroleum products from various sources. The primary sources are navigation, accidents on ships and coastal areas, industrial wastewater discharges, surface wastewater from settlements, and transportation crossings of water bodies. Reducing the content of oil products in water bodies is an important task of nature protection, requiring the development of new effective methods of wastewater treatment from oil products. A systematic approach is proposed to solve this problem, including analysis of conditions of wastewater formation, study of phase-disperse composition of pollutants and their physical and chemical properties, and analysis of possible water treatment methods. According to the formation conditions, oily wastewater can be divided into domestic wastewater, surface runoff, and industrial wastewater. Depending on the formation conditions, oil products in wastewater are in different phase-disperse states with different sedimentation and aggregative stability values. Separation methods are most effective for sediment-unstable petroleum product systems and are sufficiently simple and reliable. Sedimentation stable systems of petroleum products in water need to be preliminarily destabilized. This is achieved by adding alkaline acids, mineral coagulants, or organic polyelectrolytes. Wastewater characterized by aggregative stable systems of petroleum products can be treated by degradation methods such as ozonation or sorption.
Application of wastewater recycling in treatment processes
Authors: Zharov Maksim , Alekseev Stanislav
Published: May 2024

The object of the study is the method of wastewater recycling. The problem of reducing the negative impact on the environment, by increasing the efficiency of treatment facilities is the most urgent at the moment. The methodology of wastewater recycling is one of the most famous and popular, nowadays. Wastewater recycling allows both to reduce the negative impact on the environment and to increase the efficiency of existing technological schemes for wastewater treatment. Examples of the implementation of this method in the meat processing industry, as well as in enterprises producing extraction phosphoric acid and mineral fertilizers, as well as the impact on the operation of biological filters are considered. In the course of the study the current situation in the world on the implementation of this methodology and its effectiveness was considered. Further, both practical and theoretical materials on this issue were considered. The variant of implementation of the recirculation method on the existing technological scheme of wastewater treatment of tannery production was considered. At the end of the study it was concluded that it is important to further investigate this technique for its successful integration into existing wastewater treatment process schemes..
Overview of regulatory requirements and methods for surface wastewater treatment
Authors: Khudyakova Daria Dmitrievna , Gromov Grigory Nikolaevich , Kurdinov Ilgiz Myalikovich , Kostyshak Mikhail Mikhailovich , Arushanov Sergey
Published: May 2024

The article compares regulatory requirements for surface water treatment (SW) in the United States and the Russian Federation. The SW purification methods used in the countries mentioned above are described. It is concluded that it is necessary to amend the primary regulatory documents of the Russian Federation to enable the use of cleaning technologies used in the U.S.
Managing organizations in the context of digital transformation
Authors: Muromets Natalia Evgenievna , Goryainov Sergey Gennadievich , Pryadko Irina Anatolyevna , Bozhenko Ekaterina Sergeevna , Laamarti Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2024

In the context of dynamic digital transformation, there is a need to reconsider traditional approaches to organizational management, as information insecurity poses a threat to the security of domestic organizations and leads to the loss of their competitive positions, along with the inevitable loss of previously achieved financial, operational, and investment advantages. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the development of methodological recommendations for conducting cluster analysis of organizations based on a group of indicators for assessing the level of information authentication, as well as the level of utilization of specialized software tools and information protection instruments, which will allow for evaluation and ranking of the information security of organizations. It is concluded that the most successful organizations are financial institutions and organizations in the information technology sector, as they have been able to transform into leading technological companies by revising the content of their core business processes in the context of digitalization. Many of them have formed a comprehensive ecosystem, which has enabled them to quickly adapt to changing conditions, which would not have been possible without the implementation of digital transformation processes.
The effectiveness of probation as a probationary period following sentencing for criminal offences in the management of transboundary water resources
Authors: Bayzakova R.B. , Satbayeva A.M. , Mavlyanov A.S.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical significance of issues related to the application of probation as a probationary period after the application of punishment for criminal offenses that encroach on the normal functioning of the management of trans boundary water resources. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan has the task of protecting the legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, society and the state in the context of the application of probation as a probationary period after the application of punishment for criminal offenses that encroach on the use of geo-information technologies in water management and irrigation. Encroaching on the use of geo-information technologies in water management and irrigation
State antimonopoly control in the in the water sector Kyrgyz Republic: Theoretical aspects
Authors: Abdykadyrova Elmira Urseitovna , Abdykadyrova Venera Urseitovna , Chonkoeva Asel Asanbekovna
Published: May 2024

This article deals with the theoretical aspects of state antimonopoly control, doctrinal and legislative definition of the concepts of state control, state antimonopoly control, principles of state antimonopoly control, its types and forms, which are the subject of close attention from the representatives of both economic and legal sciences. Uniform definition of the concept of state antimonopoly control, clear classification of its principles, types and forms is dictated by the need for adequate application of this type of state control in the practical plane, as well as in the training of specialists in this area. By means of comparative-legal analysis and the study of different positions of scientists concerning the highlighted problems, the possibility of finding the most succinct definition of state antimonopoly control, which is presented in a broad and narrow sense, was realized. Using the above methods, a generalized classification of the principles of state antimonopoly control, its types and forms was proposed. Normative enshrining in the antimonopoly legislation of Kyrgyzstan the theoretical provisions proposed in this article, which are directly related to the antimonopoly control, will contribute to improving the economic and legal mechanism of protection and development of competition, civil rights of economic entities and other stakeholders (interested parties) in this area of public relations.
Representation of the Concept “Water” in Literature: An Eco-Feminist Perspective
Authors: Kalieva Kanykei , Naimanova Cholpon , Baygobylova Gulnara , Bekturova Anara , Apsamatova Gulnara
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the representation of the concept of “water” within literature from an eco-feminist perspective, highlighting the intersections between environmental and gender issues. By analyzing the works of Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov, alongside a broader linguistic and cultural investigation into the concept of water in the Kyrgyz worldview, the paper reveals how water serves as a powerful symbol of life, purity, and continuity. Aitmatov's works, deeply rooted in the ecological landscapes of Kyrgyzstan, often portray water not merely as a physical substance but as a carrier of cultural and spiritual values, reflecting a profound connection between the land and its people. Through an eco-critical and feminist lens, the paper examines how these literary depictions of water challenge anthropocentric and patriarchal narratives, proposing a more inclusive relationship with the natural world. By integrating ecocriticism with feminist theory, the analysis explores the significance of water in expressing themes of fertility, sustenance, and resilience, which are often intertwined with the experiences and voices of women. The paper argues that the eco-feminist perspective offers valuable insights into the ways literature can contribute to a deeper understanding of environmental issues and gender dynamics, advocating for a more sustainable and equitable coexistence with nature.
Coloronyms in water resource (on the material of German and Kyrgyz languages)
Authors: Beksultanova Gulzada Azimkanovna , Beishenova Zhazgul Begalievna , Dzharkinbaeva Nazgul Bolotbekovna , Sulaimanova Baktygul Askerbekovna
Published: May 2024

The article is a detailed analysis of linguocultural aspects of the use of coloronyms in professionally marked units, namely in the context of water resources. The paper points out the relevance of the study due to the comparison between the color concept in German and Kyrgyz languages in the spheres of human perception of water resource coloronyms and the relative insufficiency of research on color denotation and color perception in professional communication. This article uses a linguocultural approach, which serves to systematize extensive linguistic material and identify universal and national-cultural peculiarities in the use of color names in water resources. The results of the study can be useful for linguists, cultural studies, and specialists in the field of water resources, as well as for the developers of special terminological dictionaries and training materials for professionals working in water resources.
The impact of digital technologies on the quality of education in the field of water transport management
Authors: Khalilova Marina , Kurmanbekova Aizhan , Kanykei Askarbek kyzy , Guseva Valentina , Guseva Yulia
Published: May 2024

The introduction of digital technologies in all sectors of the country's activities has led to the digitalization of the educational process, the COVID-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst. The implementation of the process of digitalization of education is carried out through the State policy in the field of digitalization and the concept of the Ministry of education and science of the Kyrgyz Republic. This article reveals the essence of the process of digitalization of educational activities. The authors considered the features of implementation, positive and negative aspects of digital technologies in education. The authors also describe the world experience of leading universities in the digitalization of the educational process.
The impact of the development of water transport routes on linguistic dynamics
Authors: Mambetova Kyzylgul , Murzabaeva Ayana , Omurzakova Meerim , Kozuev Durus
Published: May 2024

The article has provided an analysis of the problem of parts of speech in modern linguistics, addressing the linguistic criteria for identifying parts of speech, the composition of parts of speech in specific linguistic types, and the grammatical categories inherent to particular parts of speech within specific linguistic types, and emphasizes the relevance and importance of their issues in the current field of linguistic research. The mention of prominent scientists and their contributions to the field adds historical context and demonstrates the development of the study of parts of speech over time. Recognizing the methodological challenge with describing faced in studying parts of speech, noting the three main principles used in linguistics: semantic, morphological, and syntactic. It is concluded that it is impossible to apply all these principles simultaneously and sets the stage for further exploring the intricacies of parts of speech in linguistic research.
Planning and organizing the post-conflict reconstruction of damaged housing stock in Syria
Authors: Maaruf Ali , Oleynik Pavel Pavlovich
Published: May 2024

Planning and organizing the post-conflict reconstruction of damaged areas is a fundamental challenge that the concerned authorities will face when deciding to begin reconstruction. This challenge lies in the need to determine how to properly plan and organize the process, and to determine the basis on which the process should be designed in order to ensure rapid reconstruction and rapid resettlement of refugees by reconstructing damaged housing stock. In this paper, we found that by adopting the concept of reconstruction priority and reconstruction sequence, we obtained a group of alternatives for planning and organizing the reconstruction process. After this, irrational alternatives were excluded, and the remaining ones were compared to choose the one that gives the shortest duration and, at the same time, less spread in the commissioning of the housing stock. The correlation between the main parameters of these alternatives was then examined and it was concluded that, by determining the approximate output per worker during reconstruction, it is possible to determine the values of other parameters that should be taken into account when designing reconstruction schedules for damaged areas in Syria.
Organizational and technological solutions for controlling concrete structures projects in the dry hot weather in Iraq
Authors: Al-Asadi Laith S.M. , Al-Juboori Hussein A.M.S. , Fakhratov Mukhammet A.
Published: May 2024

Iraq has suffered from a long period of neglect in projects due to the circumstances it has experienced, and there is a great need to construct infrastructure and development projects. The weather in Iraq is characterized by an increasing rise in temperatures, with summer temperatures reaching 50°C and relative humidity around 24%. The summer season extends for 5 months, and this requires procedures and precautions in projects that include concrete structures in hot climates that represented by high temperatures and low humidity. Such weather would affect the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, as the rapid evaporation of water from the mix causes different damages to the concrete, the appearance of shrinkage cracks, as well as a lack of workability. It also affects the strength of the concrete and its durability at later ages. Also, there are other problems in such projects related to poor quality and increased costs and time required to implement construction projects. Therefore, problems related to hot climates were studied through literature review in this regard. A questionnaire was also conducted to show the real problems that these projects suffer from, and problems were found that go beyond providing the above precautions that must be available in hot weather. Rather, it requires an increase in allocations, and there are problems related to the need for planning, as well as the necessary administrative, technical and legislative measures to improve performance.
Verification of the regulatory distribution of unit value and labor intensity of design works in thermal power construction
Authors: Voronkov Ivan , Ostrovskii Roman , Nikolaev Georgy
Published: May 2024

The authors of the study compared the cost distribution of developing construction documentation for buildings, structures, and various work types involved in the design of combustion power plants. They used data from the state-estimated standard RBPD 81-2001-23 “Reference book of basic prices for design works in construction “Energy facilities. Energy generation” and compared it with the actual labor intensity distribution data from the design of buildings and structures at the Svobodnenskaya Thermal Power Plant (TPP). Based on the study’s findings, the authors confirmed that, to some extent, the current regulatory distribution of the unit value of work in thermal power construction aligns with the actual labor intensity. Moreover, they identified groups of buildings where this regulatory distribution is not supported by the real design data. As assumptions based on the results of the study, it is proposed by the authors to classify buildings and structures in accordance with the KKS coding system and also to supplement the existing model of distribution of the unit value of design work by buildings and structures with a dependence on the value of the electric capacity of the station.
Various Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Derivatives and Therapeutic Significance: A Review
Authors: Hamdi Abdeljalil , El Hammoudani Yahya , Ahari M’hamed , Amhamdi Hassan , Salhi Amin , El Youssfi Abdellah , El Houssien Akichouh , El Aatiaoui Abdelmalik
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of bicyclic heterocycles, notably nitrogen-containing imidazopyridines, holds immense appeal due to their structural diversity and pivotal role in biological systems. These compounds are ubiquitously found in nature and are prized for their significance in both chemical and biological contexts. Imidazopyridine derivatives, among nitrogen heterocycles, serve as fundamental structures in various applications spanning pharmaceuticals to food additives. Consequently, their synthesis and modification represent a focal point in both natural and synthetic organic chemistry. This review aims to comprehensively explore conventional methodologies alongside innovative synthesis approaches, while also delving into the diverse biological properties exhibited by these versatile heterocycles. Through this examination, we endeavor to provide valuable insights that will contribute to further advancements in the synthesis and utilization of imidazopyridines in various fields.
Electrocoagulation as a Possible Treatment for Wastewater Contaminated with Microplastics - A Review
Authors: Esskifati Maryam , El Hammoudani Yahya , Haboubi Khadija , Dimane Fouad
Published: May 2024

Microplastics (MPs) have arisen as an omnipresent pollutant that damages the aquatic ecosystem, raising serious concerns. It has become a massive challenge since MPs have the ability to biomagnify and thereby harm human health, biodiversity, aquatic species, and the environment. Therefore, innovative technologies are needed to efficiently remove MPs. Membrane technologies can be quite effective in the removal of MPs. Furthermore, hybrid membrane techniques such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane fouling, electrochemical processes, and adsorption processes can be used to improve efficiency. Electrocoagulation is considered an effective wastewater treatment technique for MPs removal, with the advantages of low cost, independence of chemicals, and ease of operation. The main aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential of electrocoagulation to remove MPs from wastewater and provide an overview of the sources and toxicity of MPs found in wastewater. This study also evaluates various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods for removing MPs from wastewater.
Ulva spp (Ulva intestinalis, U. fasciata, U. lactuca, and U. rigida) composition and abiotic environmental factors
Authors: Soufi Jaouad , El Hammoudani Yahya , Haboubi Khadija , Hanafi Issam , Dimane Fouad
Published: May 2024

Seaweed, including various species of Ulva (e.g., Ulva intestinalis, U. fasciata, U. lactuca, and U. rigida), is essential for maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. These algae are found worldwide and have a high growth rate in diverse habitats. This article analyzes the composition of these Ulva spp (including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and ash). It also investigates the environmental factors that affect their growth and composition, such as pH, temperature, water depth, salinity, and nutrient availability. Understanding the variations in composition and environmental influences among Ulva spp highlights the importance of studying their ecological impact and genetic diversity.
Detection and quantification of olive oil adulteration using fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometric tools
Authors: El Morabit Yassmin , El Maadoudi Mohammed , Alahlah Naoual , Amhamdi Hassan , Salhi Amin , Ahari M’hamed
Published: May 2024

The increasing incidence of fraud in the olive oil market, particularly through adulteration with cheaper oils, poses a major challenge for the industry. This study examines the effectiveness of fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometric tools as a method to detect and quantify olive oil adulteration. Chemical analyses were used to measure parameters such as specific absorption coefficients K232 and K270, peroxide value, and acidity, in accordance with International Olive Council (IOC) standards. These measurements were conducted on samples of olive oil blended with varying percentages of adulterating oils. 3D fluorescence spectra were analyzed to examine the changes induced by adulteration. The results show that free acidity and peroxide value decrease with increasing adulteration degree, while the parameters K232 and K270 increase with the degree of adulteration. Principal component analysis (PCA) was effectively used to differentiate samples based on the percentage of adulterant. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for predicting the percentage of adulterant in olive oil. This PLS model also proved effective in predicting oil quality parameters such as free acidity and K232 and K270 indices. The results of this study demonstrate the significant potential of fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid and non-destructive method for olive oil authentication. PCA emerges as a powerful tool for characterizing pure oils without requiring sample preparation or destruction. Furthermore, PLS models provide accurate means to predict both the presence of adulterants and olive oil quality parameters. This approach offers a promising solution to combat fraud in the olive oil industry, ensuring product integrity and quality.
A review of the chemical modification and applications of starch
Authors: El Farkhani Mohamed , Dadou Said , El Miz Yassine , Elyoussfi Abdellah , El Miz Mohamed , Salhi Amin , Koudad Mohammed , Benchat Noureddine
Published: May 2024

The modification of starch using esterification, etherification, oxidation, and Schiff base formation has garnered significant interest owing to its wide-ranging applications in different sectors. This overview delves into the various techniques utilized for modifying starch molecules and examines their utilization in adsorption, adhesive formulations, pharmaceuticals, nanoparticle synthesis, and film manufacturing. The article delves into the synthesis pathways associated with esterification, etherification, oxidation, and Schiff base formation, underscoring their influence on the physicochemical characteristics of starch. Furthermore, it thoroughly examines the application of modified starch in pollutant adsorption processes, as adhesive agents in industries, as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations, and as crucial elements in the creation of starch-based nanoparticles and films.
Optimizing Leachate Management at Al-Hoceima Landfill: Investigating Bio-Pre-Treatment and Reverse Osmosis Approaches
Authors: Dira Imane , El Abdouni Aouatif , Haboubi Khadija , El Allaoui Hasnae , Haboubi Chaimae , El Ahmadi Kawthar , El Hammoudani Yahya , Dimane Fouad , Hanafi Issam
Published: May 2024

Leachate poses a significant risk to soil, rivers, and groundwater, necessitating effective collection and treatment strategies. This study evaluates an integrated leachate management approach at the Al-Hoceima landfill, combining biological pretreatment with reverse osmosis. Initial analyses revealed high organic content in the leachate, with BOD5 and COD levels at 1,530 mg O2/l and 10,805 mg O2/l, respectively, and an ammonium concentration of 4,827 mg/l. Biological pretreatment achieved a 66% reduction in COD and a 56.02% decrease in BOD5. Further purification via reverse osmosis significantly lowered COD and BOD5 by 97% and 98.46%, respectively, ensuring compliance with Moroccan environmental standards. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our integrated approach in mitigating the environmental impact of landfill leachate.
Exploring climatic variability and drought characteristics in Morocco’s Sais Plateau and Middle Atlas: A statistical and spectral analysis
Authors: Qadem Zohair , Ettaqy Abderrahim
Published: May 2024

Extreme climate change phenomena are a global reality with major repercussions on hydrosystems. Drought is particularly concerning in the southern Mediterranean region, threatening water availability and related behavior. Morocco, located in North Africa and the southern Mediterranean, is highly exposed to climate change and its consequences, particularly drought. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate variability and drought characteristics on the Saïs plateau and the Middle Atlas region, using statistical and spectral indices. By analyzing annual variations in precipitation and using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) to elucidate the temporal dynamics of water, this study highlights significant irregularities in precipitation patterns between wet and dry years, offering insight into the severity and occurrence of drought at different altitudes. In addition, the study uses the normalized difference water index (NDWI) to elucidate temporal water dynamics, revealing cyclical patterns of water availability and identifying regions sensitive to hydrological activity or drought. Furthermore, thanks to a correlation analysis between the NDWI and the SPI12 index, the study highlights the complementary relationship between spectral and statistical indices in the assessment of drought phenomena. The results show a significant difference in precipitation between the Middle Atlas and the Sais Plateau, with the Middle Atlas receiving around double the precipitation. From 1980 to 1985, drought was followed by even drier conditions until 1995, with sporadic wet years such as 1995 and 2002. During the 1980–1994 period, a persistent drought was observed until 1995, when precipitation picked up again, with notable records in 2009–2010. Positive NDWI values, with marked peaks between 2010 and 2012, indicate periods of high-water content, while negative values, such as those in 1995, 2003, and 2006, denote periods of low water content or drought.
Research of the movement of solutions in waterless dry horizons
Authors: Sanakulov Kuvandik , Alikulov Shukhrat , Alimov Mekhrikul , Yuldoshev Alisher , Sharopov Kodirjon
Published: May 2024

The movement of solutions in waterless dry layers and the influence of irrigated rock on the radius the filtration flow and the nature of its saturation were established in the paper. The liquid flow curves were constructed for various distances from the source axis. The developed methodology of non-stationary filtration mode during underground leaching determined the filtration coefficients in laminar and turbulent modes. It is necessary to take into account the physical properties of both the rock mass and the filtered leaching solutions. Research has established that the shape of the spreading of solutions in the system of interaction between the injection and discharge wells (the edge boundaries of the streamline) must be considered as a rhombus, and the spreading angle is formed depending on the degree of clogging of the pore volume.
Methods of stabilization of mountain slopes near highways against landslides
Authors: Salimova Barno D. , Hudaykulov Rashidbek M. , Mahmudova Dilfuza A. , Abdullaev Khurshid D. , Xayitov Xayotjon X.
Published: May 2024

In today’s transport sector, especially the highway sector, road safety remains an issue of high importance. Ensuring road safety, especially in mountainous areas, is one of the urgent problems of the industry. To increase the stability against displacement of landslides that may occur on highways and to ensure safe movement on roads. Road transport through mountainous areas faces a number of complexities and has to operate under several harsh conditions. Landslides are a constant threat to highways. In this regard, several countries have worked and presented their projects. This article proposes solutions to reduce the risk of landslides and landslides to highways. In this case, the statistics collected in the research were analyzed practically and engineering solutions suitable for different mountain conditions were used. The results and statistics collected as a result of field research and the proposed engineering solutions are specific to the mountain slopes and slopes of the “Kamchik” Pass, which passes through the mountainous region of the A-373 “Tashkent-Osh” highway of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The engineering solutions proposed in this paper, in accordance with the research findings, serve to effectively protect highways from landslides and to prevent economic losses caused by landslides on highways.
Optimal resource utilization and advanced water treatment solutions
Authors: Karabayeva Muslima , Mirsalimova Saodat , Rakhmonov Ortik , Davlyatova Zulfiya , Ortikova Safiye , Kodirova Dilshodkhon
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the concept of environmental protection, focusing on the principles of geoecology, optimal resource utilization, and advanced water treatment solutions. Environmental protection refers to the responsible and sustainable management of natural resources while preserving and protecting the environment. Water treatment plays a crucial role in environmental protection as access to clean and safe water is essential for human well-being and ecosystem health. Currently, one of the main environmental issues in the world is the protection of the environment through the disposal of industrial waste and its rational processing, which in turn affects the improvement of the well-being of the population. It should be noted that the rapid development of industrial enterprises is accompanied by the formation of a significant number of various wastes, including wastewater. Purification of wastewater from pollutants is significant from an environmental and economic point of view.
Modern methods of industrial wastewater treatment and softening
Authors: Olzhaev Dilshod , Nurmurodov Tulkin , Khurramov Navruzbek , Barakayev Mukhriddin , Mansurova Shabnam , Ganiev Kahramon
Published: May 2024

The growing demand for clean water has significantly increased the need for coagulants in wastewater treatment, particularly for agricultural production organizations. In response to this pressing issue, the provision of iron-rich raw materials to enterprises producing coagulants has become a critical priority. To address this challenge, the paper focuses on exploring the potential of producing coagulants from local iron ore raw materials available in the Karakalpakstan and Navoi regions. Ongoing scientific research efforts are dedicated to studying the composition of the iron ore resources in these mines and determining their potential applications. By leveraging the local iron ore deposits, this approach aims to develop a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the production of coagulants, ultimately supporting the growing demand for clean water in the agricultural sector.
Regeneration of etching solution used in the production of printed circuit boards
Authors: Bykovsky Nikolai A. , Puchkova Lyudmila N. , Fanakova Nadezhda N.
Published: May 2024

Some waste waters containing copper are formed during the production of printed circuit boards. When these effluents are discharged into the reservoir, they must be diluted 140,000 times, and the treatment of these copper-containing effluents causes the copper loosing. The paper presents the results obtained during the study of electrochemical processing of copper-containing effluents formed at the stage of PCBs etching. The spent solution processing was realized in a membrane electrolytic cell. An increase in current density results in an increase in process speed. Along with a decrease in copper concentration in the solution, the hydrochloric acid was concentrated. It is shown that it is possible to regenerate the etching solution and obtain a metallic copper.
Structure and principle of operation of the apparatus for introducing chlorine into the process pipeline
Authors: Mahmud Aliyev , Sarvar Nurmanov
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the study of swirling flow in technological pipelines. It examines the nature of the swirling flow, presenting the experimental velocity distribution and pressure inside the pipe in graphical and tabular form. The scope of the study includes the displacement of liquid and gas, as well as the purification of natural waters using ozone and chlorine. The article analyzes the existing technological processes for the preparation of drinking water from surface water sources in Uzbekistan. Due to the significant volumes of water consumption for economic activities, the issue of drinking water disinfection is crucial. In addition to traditional disinfection methods, modern researchers are focusing on developing innovative technologies for this process. The article also studies the features of water formation and its qualitative composition, with an analysis of the reliability of the existing drinking water treatment technology.
Obtaining ammophosphate and sulfoammophosphate fertilizers on base of the washed dry concentrate containing 26% P2O5
Authors: Rasulov Azam , Juraev Bakhtiyor , Toshtemirova Sadokat , Namazov Shafoat , Temirov Uktam
Published: May 2024

The process of obtaining ammophosphate by means of phosphoric acid decomposition of washed dried concentrate (WDC with 26% P2O5 and 10% CO2) - raw material for the production of thermally fired concentrate, has been studied. The wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) contains (wt.%): 16.46 P2O5, 0.06 CaO, 1.11 MgO, 0.27 Fe2O3, 0.41 Al2O3, 2.98 SO3 and 0.99 F. The weight ratio of WPA:WDC ranged from 100: 10 to 100: 30. Then acidic phosphate pulps (at 65 °C) after 45 minutes were ammoniated to pH = 3.8, granulated and dried at 85-90 °C. It has been shown that the nitrogen content in the finished product ranges from 4.92-7.11%, total phosphorus (P2O5t.) 41.48-46.44%, phosphorus acceptable by citric acid (P2O5ac.c.a.) 34.79-45.11%, phosphorus form of water soluble (P2O5w.s.) 23.49-37.73%. Weight fractions of H2SO4 - 5 and 7.5 were optimal and the product contains 37.6 and 34.47% of P2O5t.; 24.11 and 22.06% CaOt., 88.75 and 92.40% P2O5ac.c.a.by citric acid: P2O5t., 84.21 and 89.7% P2O5ac.tr.b. by trilon B: P2O5t., 77.39 and 79.54% P2O5w.s.:P2O5t., 6.03 and 7.08% nitrogen, respectively. The strength of granules of fertilizers averages 3.50 MPa and are quite suitable for bulk storage and transportation.
Improving the technology of obtaining highquality castings from steel in sand-clay molds
Authors: Kholmirzaev Nozimjon , Khasanov Jamshidbek , Abdullayev Baxodirjon , Saidkhodjaeva Shokhista , Bektemirov Abdujalol , Sadikova Nargiza , Yusupov Bekzod , Nosirkhujaev Ibrokhim Sodik , Nurdinov Zokirjon
Published: May 2024

This article examines the technology for producing high-quality steel and alloy castings in sand-clay molds. The optimization of the sandclay compound mold composition is explored, focusing on bentonite and kaolin clays as binders. The mold composition is refined based on the research conducted on these binding clays, resulting in the production of gas-free cast products. Additionally, the gas permeability of the sand-clay molds increased by 14-16%. The study also presents a test analysis of the gas permeability property, a crucial aspect of sand-clay mold quality. Furthermore, a mathematical model of the process was developed from the research findings to predict gas permeability values with varying amounts of binding clays, eliminating the need for further testing.
Study of reliability indicators of cable lines in rural areas
Authors: Rakhimov Farrukh
Published: May 2024

In this article, the investigation of the power supply system's reliability in our Republic, particularly focusing on the cable lines utilized in rural power networks, is highlighted as a pressing concern within the energy sector today. A crucial task in addressing this issue successfully involves researching the reliability metrics of existing cable lines, specifically self-contained insulated conductors in rural power networks with dynamic variable loads, and formulating pertinent recommendations. The reliability indicators of cable lines in rural areas were assessed using a comprehensive method that integrates modern approaches and the latest advancements in science and technology. The method's superiority over others is grounded in scientific principles. Furthermore, factors influencing the reliability metrics of cable lines in rural power networks, such as cable line failures, are systematically categorized.
Development of resource-saving technology for copper production at “Almalyk MMC” JSC
Authors: Mukhamedzhanova Shoira , Matkarimov Sokhibjon
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the possibility of introducing man-made waste from the production of nonferrous metals from metallurgical processing into copper production. Industrial tests have shown that with the use of technogenic waste from the production of nonferrous metals when smelting copper in metallurgical furnaces, it was possible to reduce the copper content both in the converter slag and in the slag of the reverberatory furnace with the possibility of additional extraction of noble metals. Based on the research carried out, a technological scheme for energy- and resourcesaving copper production technology was developed.
Regular permutations and their applications in crystallography
Authors: Senashov Vasily S. , Filippov Konstantin A. , Shlepkin Anatoly K.
Published: May 2024

The representation of a group G in the form of regular permutations is widely used for studying the structure of finite groups, in particular, parameters like the group density function. This is related to the increased potential of computer technologies for conducting calculations. The work addresses the problem of calculation regular permutations with restrictions on the structure of the degree and order of permutations. The considered regular permutations have the same nontrivial order, which divides the degree of the permutation. Examples of the application of permutation groups in crystallography and crystal chemistry are provided.