bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of a Noncanonical Scalar Field Model during Cosmological Date
Authors: Ossoulian Z. , Golanbari T. , Sheikhahmadi H. , Saaidi Kh.
Published: January 2016

Using the noncanonical model of scalar field, the cosmological consequences of a pervasive, self-interacting, homogeneous, and rolling scalar field are studied. In this model, the scalar field potential is “nonlinear” and decreases in magnitude with increasing the value of the scalar field. A special solution of the nonlinear field equations ofϕthat has time dependency as fixed point is obtained. The fixed point relies on the noncanonical term of action andγ-parameter; this parameter appeared in energy density of scalar field redshift. By means of such fixed point the different eigenvalues of the equation of motion will be obtained. In different epochs in the evolution of the Universe for different values ofqandn, the potentials as a function of scalar field are attained. The behavior of baryonic perturbations in linear perturbation scenario as a considerable amount of energy density of scalar field at low redshifts prevents the growth of perturbations in the ordinary matter fluid. The energy density in the scalar field is not appreciably perturbed by nonrelativistic gravitational fields, in either the radiation or matter dominant or scalar field dominated epoch.
Beliefs, Barriers, and Preferences of European Overweight Women to Adopt a Healthier Lifestyle in Pregnancy to Minimize Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Explorative Study
Authors: Jelsma Judith G. M. , van Leeuwen Karen M. , Oostdam Nicolette , Bunn Christopher , Simmons David , Desoye Gernot , Corcoy Rosa , Adelantado Juan M. , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Harreiter Jürgen , van Assche Frans Andre , Devlieger Roland , Timmerman Dirk , Hill David , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Wender-Ozegowska Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Rebollo Pablo , Lapolla Annunziata , Dalfrà Maria G. , del Prato Stefano , Bertolotto Alessandra , Dunne Fidelma , Jensen Dorte M. , Andersen Lise Lotte T. , Snoek Frank J. , van Poppel Mireille N. M.
Published: January 2016

Introduction. We explored beliefs, perceived barriers, and preferences regarding lifestyle changes among overweight European pregnant women to help inform the development of future lifestyle interventions in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods. An explorative mixed methods, two-staged study was conducted to gather information from pregnant European women (BMI≥25 kg/m2). In three European countries 21 interviews were conducted, followed by 71 questionnaires in six other European countries. Content analysis and descriptive and chi-square statistics were applied (p<0.05).Results. Women preferred to obtain detailed information about their personal risk. The health of their baby was a major motivating factor. Perceived barriers for physical activity included pregnancy-specific issues such as tiredness and experiencing physical complaints. Insufficient time was a barrier more frequently reported by women with children. Abstaining from snacking was identified as a challenge for the majority of women, especially for those without children. Women preferred to obtain support from their partner, as well as health professionals and valued flexible lifestyle programs.Conclusions. Healthcare professionals need to inform overweight pregnant women about their personal risk, discuss lifestyle modification, and assist in weight management. Lifestyle programs should be tailored to the individual, taking into account barriers experienced by overweight first-time mothers and multipara women.
Emerging Role of Spinal Cord TRPV1 in Pain Exacerbation
Authors: Choi Seung-In , Lim Ji Yeon , Yoo Sungjae , Kim Hyun , Hwang Sun Wook
Published: January 2016

TRPV1 is well known as a sensor ion channel that transduces a potentially harmful environment into electrical depolarization of the peripheral terminal of the nociceptive primary afferents. Although TRPV1 is also expressed in central regions of the nervous system, its roles in the area remain unclear. A series of recent reports on the spinal cord synapses have provided evidence that TRPV1 plays an important role in synaptic transmission in the pain pathway. Particularly, in pathologic pain states, TRPV1 in the central terminal of sensory neurons and interneurons is suggested to commonly contribute to pain exacerbation. These observations may lead to insights regarding novel synaptic mechanisms revealing veiled roles of spinal cord TRPV1 and may offer another opportunity to modulate pathological pain by controlling TRPV1. In this review, we introduce historical perspectives of this view and details of the recent promising results. We also focus on extended issues and unsolved problems to fully understand the role of TRPV1 in pathological pain. Together with recent findings, further efforts for fine analysis of TRPV1’s plastic roles in pain synapses at different levels in the central nervous system will promote a better understanding of pathologic pain mechanisms and assist in developing novel analgesic strategies.
Effects of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women in an Iodine-Sufficient Area in China
Authors: Chen Xi , Jin Bai , Xia Jun , Tao Xincheng , Huang Xiaoping , Sun Lu , Yuan Qingxin
Published: January 2016

Purposes.To evaluate the effects of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) on maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women.Methods.208 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks were divided into two groups, TPOAb-positive and TPOAb-negative groups. Thyroid function and TPOAb were determined in all subjects until 12 months postpartum. Levothyroxine was supplemented to maintain euthyroid with periodical checking of thyroid functions. The prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT), placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of membrane, postpartum haemorrhage, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal diseases were observed in two groups.Results.Of all women, 11.54% had a PPT. The prevalence of PPT was significantly higher in TPOAb-positive than TPOAb-negative group (42.31% versus 7.14%,P<0.001), with 45.46% and 53.85% of PPT happening at 6 weeks postpartum in TPOAb-positive and TPOAb-negative groups. The incidence of polyhydramnios was significantly higher in TPOAb-positive than TPOAb-negative group (15.38% versus 2.74%,P=0.02).Conclusion.Pregnant women with TPOAb-positive had increased risk of PPT, predominantly happening at 6 weeks postpartum. TPOAb was associated with increased incidence of polyhydramnios and the underlying mechanisms required further investigation. Earlier screening of thyroid function during pregnancy and postpartum was warranted in our region.
Identification of Dynamic Loads Based on Second-Order Taylor-Series Expansion Method
Authors: Li Xiaowang , Deng Zhongmin
Published: January 2016

A new method based on the second-order Taylor-series expansion is presented to identify the structural dynamic loads in the time domain. This algorithm expresses the response vectors as Taylor-series approximation and then a series of formulas are deduced. As a result, an explicit discrete equation which associates system response, system characteristic, and input excitation together is set up. In a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) numerical simulation study, sinusoidal excitation and white noise excitation are applied on a cantilever beam, respectively, to illustrate the effectiveness of this algorithm. One also makes a comparison between the new method and conventional state space method. The results show that the proposed method can obtain a more accurate identified force time history whether the responses are polluted by noise or not.
The Right Hemisphere Planum Temporale Supports Enhanced Visual Motion Detection Ability in Deaf People: Evidence from Cortical Thickness
Authors: Shiell Martha M. , Champoux François , Zatorre Robert J.
Published: January 2016

After sensory loss, the deprived cortex can reorganize to process information from the remaining modalities, a phenomenon known as cross-modal reorganization. In blind people this cross-modal processing supports compensatory behavioural enhancements in the nondeprived modalities. Deaf people also show some compensatory visual enhancements, but a direct relationship between these abilities and cross-modally reorganized auditory cortex has only been established in an animal model, the congenitally deaf cat, and not in humans. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured cortical thickness in the planum temporale, Heschl’s gyrus and sulcus, the middle temporal area MT+, and the calcarine sulcus, in early-deaf persons. We tested for a correlation between this measure and visual motion detection thresholds, a visual function where deaf people show enhancements as compared to hearing. We found that the cortical thickness of a region in the right hemisphere planum temporale, typically an auditory region, was greater in deaf individuals with better visual motion detection thresholds. This same region has previously been implicated in functional imaging studies as important for functional reorganization. The structure-behaviour correlation observed here demonstrates this area’s involvement in compensatory vision and indicates an anatomical correlate, increased cortical thickness, of cross-modal plasticity.
A New Rehabilitation Tool in Fibromyalgia: The Effects of Perceptive Rehabilitation on Pain and Function in a Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Paolucci Teresa , Baldari Carlo , Di Franco Manuela , Didona Dario , Reis Victor , Vetrano Mario , Iosa Marco , Trifoglio Domenica , Zangrando Federico , Spadini Ennio , Saraceni Vincenzo Maria , Guidetti Laura
Published: January 2016

Introduction/Objective. Fibromyalgia might benefit from a specific tactile and proprioceptive rehabilitation approach. The aim of this study was to perform a randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of perceptual surfaces (PS) and physical exercises with regard to chronic pain and physical function in fibromyalgia compared with a control group. Methods. Data from 54 females (18–60 years old) with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia and scoring >5 on the visual analog scale were divided into 3 groups and analyzed: group treated with perceptual surfaces (PS‐group), physical exercises group (PE‐group), and control group (CG). The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Fibromyalgia Assessment Scale (FAS) were administered at baseline (T0), at the end of the treatment (T1) (after 10 rehabilitation sessions over a 5‐week period), and at the 12‐week follow‐up (T2). Results. The PS‐group experienced a statistically significant improvement versus the CG in FAS and HAQ scores. Good efficacy with respect to pain and function in the PE‐group compared with the CG in terms of FAS, HAQ, and FIQ scores was observed. The adherence ratio was 86% for the PE‐group and CG and 90% for the PS‐group. Conclusions. According to the results, the PS are as promising as the physical exercises, since results were similar.
T-Cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain (TIGIT) Associates with CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion and Poor Clinical Outcome in AML Patients
Authors: Kong Yaxian , Zhu Liuluan , Schell Todd D. , Zhang Jianhong , Claxton David F. , Ehmann W. Christopher , Rybka Witold B. , George Melissa R. , Zeng Hui , Zheng Hong
Published: January 2016

Purpose: T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine–based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is a recently identified T-cell coinhibitory receptor. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical impact of TIGIT in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and dissect the role of TIGIT in the pathogenesis of leukemia progression.

Experimental Design: TIGIT expression on T cells from peripheral blood collected from patients with AML was examined by flow cytometry. The correlation of TIGIT expression to clinical outcomes, including rate of complete remission and relapse post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in AML patients, was analyzed. Phenotypic and functional study (cytokine release, proliferation, killing, and apoptosis) of TIGIT-expressing T cells were performed. Using siRNA to silence TIGIT, we further elucidated the regulatory role of TIGIT in the T-cell immune response by dissecting the effect of TIGIT knockdown on cytokine release and apoptosis of T cells from AML patients.

Results: TIGIT expression on CD8+ T cells is elevated in AML patients and high-TIGIT correlates with primary refractory disease and leukemia relapse post-alloSCT. TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells display phenotypic features of exhaustion and exhibit functional impairment manifested by low production of cytokines and high susceptibility to apoptosis. Importantly, their functional defects are reversed by TIGIT knockdown.

Conclusions: TIGIT contributes to functional T-cell impairment and associates with poor clinical outcome in AML. Our study suggests that blockade of TIGIT to restore T-cell function and antitumor immunity may represent a novel effective leukemia therapeutic. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3057–66. ©2016 AACR.
Tissue factor associates with survival and regulates tumour progression in osteosarcoma
Authors: Tieken Chris , Verboom Michiel C. , Ruf Wolfram , Gelderblom Hans , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Reitsma Pieter H. , Cleton-Jansen Anne-Marie , Versteeg Henri H.
Published: January 2016

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour. Patients often develop lung metastasis and have a poor prognosis despite extensive chemotherapy and surgical resections. Tissue Factor is associated with poor clinical outcome in a wide range of cancer types, and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. The role of Tissue Factor in OS tumourigenesis is unknown. Fifty-three osteosarcoma pre-treatment biopsies and four osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated for Tissue Factor expression, and a possible association with clinical parameters was investigated. Tissue Factor function was inhibited in an osteosarcoma cell line (143B) by shRNA knockdown or specific antibodies, and pro-tumourigenic gene expression, proliferation, matrigel invasion and transwell migration was examined. 143B cells were implanted in mice in the presence of Tissue Factor-blocking antibodies, and tumour volume, micro-vessel density and metastases in the lung were evaluated. Tissue Factor was highly expressed in 73.6 % of osteosarcoma biopsies, and expression associated significantly with disease-free survival. Tissue Factor was expressed in all four investigated cell lines. Tissue Factor was knocked down in 143B cells, which led to reduced expression of IL-8, CXCL-1, SNAIL and MMP2, but not MMP9. Tissue Factor knockdown or inhibition with antibodies reduced matrigel invasion. Tissue Factor antibodies limited 143B tumour growth in vivo, and resulted in decreased intra-tumoural micro-vessel density. Furthermore, lung metastasis from the primary tumour was significantly reduced. Thus, Tissue Factor expression in osteosarcoma reduces metastasis-free survival in patients, and increases pro-tumourigenic behaviour both in vitro and in vivo.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Diálogo e ruptura: o processo da hibridação entre as linguagens na criação da microssérie Capitu
Authors: Bianchi Graziela Soares , Coca Adriana Pierre
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho discute o processo de criação da microssérie Capitu (2008),
da TV Globo, sob a égide do hibridismo entre as linguagens. Partimos
do pressuposto de que uma adaptação literária para o audiovisual é,
sobretudo, uma “prática intertextual” (COLLIGTON, 2009; DICK, 1990;
STAM, 2000). Observa-se que, ao fazer a releitura do romance Dom
Casmurro para a televisão, o diretor Luiz Fernando Carvalho uniu, de
maneira inovadora, referências do cinema, do teatro, da ópera e dos
balés impressionistas. E, ao articular o espaço-tempo com elementos
dos séculos XIX e XXI, subverteu o cronotopo (BAKHTIN, 2003). Esse
é um dos elementos de Capitu que conduz à desconstrução da maneira
convencional de produzir e contar histórias seriadas na televisão.
Maré sitiada: o discurso midiático sobre a ocupação militar do Complexo da Maré
Authors: Souza Renata Da Silva
Published: January 2016

A Maré, conjunto de favelas localizado na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro, foi ocupada em abril de 2014 por forças militares de pacificação, engenhosa operação que envolveu um total de 2.700 militares com 20 tanques blindados. Assim, este artigo toma como objeto a cobertura midiática da ocupação militar, utilizando como método a análise das reportagens publicadas em tempo real durante a invasão. A ideia é esboçar as tensões entre o discurso dos meios de comunicação e as estratégias informativas engendradas nas redes sociais por narradores comunitários da Maré. Tais iniciativas podem colocar em disputa novas versões dos fatos. Serão traçadas abordagens teóricas que deem conta da análise a respeito da ordem do discurso, a partir de Foucault e de uma breve reflexão sobre o discurso do sofrimento.
Turismo Urbano em São Paulo: reflexões teóricas e apontamentos empíricos
Authors: Allis Thiago , Vargas Heliana Comin
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho discute o turismo urbano em São Paulo, tendo por argumento que, em grandes cidades, é imprescindível conhecer os perfis de seus visitantes, entendidos como “consumidores de lugar” (SELBY, 2004b). Para além dos dados oficiais disponibilizados pelo órgão local de turismo (São Paulo Turismo S/A), a unidade de análise empírica foram os 52 atrativos turísticos da cidade, elencados e selecionados a partir da consulta aos principais guias turísticos e fontes de informação turística sobre a cidade de São Paulo. Foram concebidos e distribuídos formulários eletrônicos a gestores desses atrativos, na perspectiva de identificar as origens dos visitantes, já que estas informações, até o presente, não estão consolidadas em uma base dados única. Como resultados, depreende-se que os principais atrativos da cidade são efetivamente visitados por moradores da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, sugerindo que a análise e a gestãodo turismo na cidade de São Paulo devem levar em conta aspectos também de públicos locais e metropolitanos e explicitando a urgência de se realizarem levantamentos sistemáticos, abrangentes e inovadores relativos aos perfis dos “usuários da cidade” (MARTINOTTI, s/d). Entender suas características (origens, padrões de deslocamento, demandas, perfil de gastos, avaliação das experiências etc) pode contribuir para o alinhamento entre políticas urbanas e outras inicitivas de planejamento e gestão do turismo em contextos urbanos.
Impactos do Turismo sobre o Emprego na Região Metropolitana de Vitória-ES: uma aplicação de coeficientes de demanda
Authors: Araujo Eduardo Reis , Lino Leandro de Souza , Feitosa Paulo Henrique Assis
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos sobre o mercado de trabalho, em doze atividades turísticas em seis municípios da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória-ES, a partir da estimação de coeficientes de demanda.A metodologia usada sugere o uso de indicadores do mercado de trabalho como um meio para avaliar estes impactos a partir da combinação de dados primários originais e estatísticas oficiais. Suas principais contribuições para o estágio atual das pesquisas acadêmicas são a proposta de delimitação de oferta turística compatível com a definição da Organização Mundial do Turismo e o próprio ineditismo da pesquisa de campo para estimação da participação do consumo turístico em relação ao total da oferta turística no âmbito municipal.
Ação Pública na Formação e Transformação do Destino Turístico de Porto de Galinhas - PE: um estudo dos referenciais no período de 1970 a 2010
Authors: Lopes Alba de Oliveira Barbosa , Tinôco Dinah dos Santos
Published: January 2016

A construção de destinos turísticos é um fenômeno pouco estudado, mas relevante para o avanço da compreensão sobre o turismo no país. Buscou-se identificar como a ação pública impulsionou a formação e transformação do destino turístico de Porto de Galinhas, em Pernambuco, no período de 1970 a 2010. Foram identificados os atores, processos e referenciais para proceder a re(constituição) analítica da formação e transformação desse destino. Foram utilizadas pesquisas documental, bibliográfica e de campo como fontes de coleta de dados e empregadas as análises documental e de conteúdo. O quadro teórico baseou-se na análise cognitiva de políticas públicas desenvolvida na França. Os resultados mostraram que as ações públicas passaram por transformações, indicando mudanças de concepção, expressas nos referenciais das políticas públicas, analisadas a partir de uma periodização em três fases. Identificou-se que o Estado atuou em diferentes papéis e que nos anos 1970 exerceu um papel propulsor e quase exclusivo no turismo local caracterizado como “turismo social” e também de segunda residência. A partir da década de 1990, contudo, novos atores foram protagonistas das ações públicas, com destaque para os hoteleiros locais, tendo a política de turismo incorporado às visões de mundo de seus proponentes. O destino tornou-se um atrativo turístico nacional. Do ano 2000 em diante, ocorreu a internacionalização do turismo, sendo os novos componentes do trade turístico, grandes grupos hoteleiros internacionais, que desenvolveram um “turismo de elite”. Embora ainda alvo de programas federais e apesar da retórica da sustentabilidade, os problemas sociais e ambientais do Porto agravaram-se, podendo, inclusive, comprometer a atratividade do destino turístico.
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo: empregabilidade, perspectivas e percepções do egresso do IFSP
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira , Costa Brenno Vitorino , Malerba Rafaela Camara
Published: January 2016

O surgimento dos cursos superiores de tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo alterou substancialmente o cenário da educação superior em Turismo no Brasil. Contudo, poucas informações a respeito da empregabilidade, perspectivas e percepções dos egressos desses cursos estão disponíveis. Com vistas a contribuir para o planejamento e orientação dos cursos de tecnologia em Turismo, este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com os egressos do curso de Tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo do campus São Paulo do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). A pesquisa coletou dados junto a 338 ex-alunos acerca de suas relações com o mercado de trabalho, sequência de estudos e percepções sobre o curso. Os resultados apresentados destacam que os egressos do IFSP têm alcançado altos níveis de empregabilidade. Dentre os principais motivos que afastam alguns deles da área profissional do turismo estão o fato de o indivíduo já estar estabelecido em outra área e a baixa remuneração. Nota-se também que a taxa de empregabilidade dos egressos tem aumentado ao longo do tempo, fato que pode estar associado não apenas ao aprimoramento do curso, como também ao processo de formação de reconhecimento do curso pelas empresas do mercado. As principais atividades empregadoras dos egressos são agenciamento de viagens, eventos, hotelaria e companhias aéreas. Os egressos que atuam profissionalmente na área de turismo se mostram relativamente satisfeitos com seus trabalhos.
Roy Lichtenstein or on mechanical reproduction
Authors: Fabris Annateresa
Published: January 2016

In Lichtenstein’s poetics, style and iconography are both important. The painter is concerned less with the object than with the style of its treatment in order to obtain an image presented as a totality. The use of mass images can be considered a test on cliché as subject matter and on the conventions of modern painting.
Sensitive Territories: performative investigation in art, technology, science and nature
Authors: Ribeiro Walmeri
Published: January 2016

Inserted in the field of art in dialogue with climate changes research and, particularly, the social impacts in contemporary society, this paper presents the research project “Sensitive Territories: a performative investigation in art, technology, science and nature”. It also presents the actions and artistic intervention realized by B.R.I.S.A Laboratory Research, composed of a transdisciplinary research network which involves artists from different areas – such as audiovisual, body arts, art and technology, visual arts and music, technologists, geographers, urbanists and residents of the studied regions – under the proposal of a collaborative practice of investigations and creation with and to nature.
Prognosis of Myocardial Damage in Sarcoidosis Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Murtagh Gillian , Laffin Luke J. , Beshai John F. , Maffessanti Francesco , Bonham Catherine A. , Patel Amit V. , Yu Zoe , Addetia Karima , Mor-Avi Victor , Moss Joshua D. , Hogarth D. Kyle , Sweiss Nadera J. , Lang Roberto M. , Patel Amit R.
Published: January 2016

Background—

Cardiac sarcoidosis is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and sudden death, but its risk in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction is unknown. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with extracardiac sarcoidosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, we sought to (1) determine the prevalence of cardiac sarcoidosis or associated myocardial damage, defined by the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), (2) quantify their risk of death/ventricular tachycardia (VT), and (3) identify imaging-based covariates that predict who is at greatest risk of death/VT.

Methods and Results—

Parameters of left and right ventricular function and LGE burden were measured in 205 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction >50% and extracardiac sarcoidosis who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance for LGE evaluation. The association between covariates and death/VT in the entire group and within the LGE+ group was determined using Cox proportional hazard models and time-dependent receiver–operator curves analysis. Forty-one of 205 patients (20%) had LGE; 12 of 205 (6%) died or had VT during follow-up; of these, 10 (83%) were in the LGE+ group. In the LGE+ group (1) the rate of death/VT per year was >20× higher than LGE− (4.9 versus 0.2%,
P
<0.01); (2) death/VT were associated with a greater burden of LGE (14±11 versus 5±5%,
P
<0.01) and right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular EF 45±12 versus 53±28%,
P
=0.04). LGE burden was the best predictor of death/VT (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve, 0.80); for every 1% increase of LGE burden, the hazard of death/VT increased by 8%.

Conclusions—

Sarcoidosis patients with LGE are at significant risk for death/VT, even with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Increased LGE burden and right ventricular dysfunction can identify LGE+ patients at highest risk of death/VT.
Effect of Intensive Versus Usual Blood Pressure Control on Kidney Function Among Individuals With Prior Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Peralta Carmen A. , McClure Leslie A. , Scherzer Rebecca , Odden Michelle C. , White Carole L. , Shlipak Michael , Benavente Oscar , Pergola Pablo
Published: January 2016

Background—

The effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering on kidney function among individuals with established cerebrovascular disease and preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is not established.

Methods and Results—

Among 2610 participants randomized to a lower (<130 mm Hg) versus higher (130–149 mm Hg) systolic BP target with repeated measures of serum creatinine, we evaluated differences by study arm in annualized eGFR decline and rapid decline (eGFR decline >30%) using linear mixed models and logistic regression, respectively. We assessed associations of both treatment and kidney function decline with stroke, major vascular events, and the composite of stroke, death, major vascular events, or myocardial infarction using multivariable Cox regression, separately and jointly including a test for interaction. Analyses were conducted by treatment arm. Mean age was 63±11 years; 949 participants (36%) were diabetic; and mean eGFR was 80±19 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
. At 9 months, achieved systolic BP was 137±15 versus 127±14 mm Hg in the higher versus lower BP group, and differences were maintained throughout follow-up (mean, 3.2 years). Compared with the higher target, the lower BP target had a −0.50–mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
per year (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.79 to −0.21) faster eGFR decline. Differences were most pronounced during the first year (−2.1 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
; 95% CI, −0.97 to −3.2), whereas rates of eGFR decline did not differ after year 1 (−0.095; 95% CI, −0.47 to 0.23). A total of 313 patients (24%) in the lower BP group had rapid kidney function decline compared with 247 (19%) in the higher BP group (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6). Differences in rapid decline by treatment arm were apparent in the first year (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8) but were not significant after year 1 (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.73–1.4). Rapid decline was associated with higher risk for stroke, major vascular events, and composite after full adjustment among individuals randomized to the higher BP target (stroke hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15–3.21) but not the lower BP arm (stroke hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.50–1.75; all
P
for interaction <0.06).

Conclusions—

In patients with prior lacunar stroke and relatively preserved kidney function, intensive BP lowering was associated with a greater likelihood of rapid kidney function decline. Differences were observed primarily during the first year of antihypertensive treatment. Rapid kidney function decline was not associated with increased risk for clinical events among those undergoing intensive BP lowering.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicalTrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.
Periodontitis Increases the Risk of a First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rydén Lars , Buhlin Kåre , Ekstrand Eva , de Faire Ulf , Gustafsson Anders , Holmer Jacob , Kjellström Barbro , Lindahl Bertil , Norhammar Anna , Nygren Åke , Näsman Per , Rathnayake Nilminie , Svenungsson Elisabet , Klinge Björn
Published: January 2016

Background—

The relationship between periodontitis (PD) and cardiovascular disease is debated. PD is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. It has been postulated that PD could be causally related to the risk for cardiovascular disease, a hypothesis tested in the Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease (PAROKRANK) study.

Methods and Results—

Eight hundred five patients (<75 years of age) with a first myocardial infarction (MI) and 805 age- (mean 62±8), sex- (male 81%), and area-matched controls without MI underwent standardized dental examination including panoramic x-ray. The periodontal status was defined as healthy (≥80% remaining bone) or as mild-moderate (from 79% to 66%) or severe PD (<66%). Great efforts were made to collect information on possibly related confounders (≈100 variables). Statistical comparisons included the Student pairwise
t
test and the McNemar test in 2×2 contingency tables. Contingency tables exceeding 2×2 with ranked alternatives were tested by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. PD was more common (43%) in patients than in controls (33%;
P
<0.001). There was an increased risk for MI among those with PD (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.83), which remained significant (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.60) after adjusting for variables that differed between patients and controls (smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, years of education, and marital status).

Conclusions—

In this large case–control study of PD, verified by radiographic bone loss and with a careful consideration of potential confounders, the risk of a first MI was significantly increased in patients with PD even after adjustment for confounding factors. These findings strengthen the possibility of an independent relationship between PD and MI.
Steinernema fabii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Abate Birhan A. , Malan Antoinette P. , Tiedt Louwrens R. , Wingfield Michael J. , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P.
Published: January 2016

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema fabii n. sp., was isolated by trapping with wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae from soil in an Acacia mearnsii plantation in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The new species is morphologically characterised by the length of the infective juvenile (IJ) of 641 (590-697) μm, by a tail length of 58 (52-64) μm, ratio a = 24 (21-41), H% = 53 (37-61) and E% = 93 (83-105). The pattern of the lateral field of the IJ of the new species is 2, 5, 2 ridges (3, 6, 3 incisures). The male of the first generation can be recognised by the long spicule of 90 (79-106) μm and gubernaculum of 66 (56-77) μm; D% = 64 (52-75) and GS% = 73 (63-86). The first generation female can be recognised by a protruding vulva with a short, double-flapped epiptygmata, and the lack of a postanal swelling, while the second generation differs in having a postanal swelling and a conical, sharply pointed tail. Analysis of DNA sequences for the ITS and D2-D3 gene regions showed S. fabii n. sp. to differ from all other Steinernema species and to belong to a new monophyletic group, the ‘Cameroonian’ clade, consisting of S. cameroonense, S. nyetense, S. sacchari and S. fabii n. sp., all from the African continent. This group is closely related to species in the feltiae-kraussei-oregonense Clade III.
Gothic Relative and Explicative Clauses Introduced by Enclitic
Authors: Afros Elena
Published: January 2016

This paper discusses Gothic relative and explicative clauses introduced by the enclitic complementizer . Their structural similarity has led to the uniform treatment of these two types of dependent clauses by, for example, von der Gabelentz - Loebe (1846). Functionally, however, relative and explicative clauses are obviously distinct: relative clauses modify a constituent of the principal clause, whereas explicative clauses refer to the whole proposition expressed by the principal clause. Separate analysis reveals that in relative clauses, the enclitic complementizer is in overlapping distribution with the relative pronoun and the relativizers and ; in explicative clauses, is in overlapping distribution with the complementizers and In addition, this paper argues against analyzing the cataphoric demonstrative with the enclitic as complementizer introducing content clauses after verbs governing oblique cases. Among the proponents of this distinction are von Sallwürk (1875) and Delbrück (1904).
Bergþór's Voice: Orality in the Homicide Laws of the Old Icelandic
Authors: McGlynn Michael P.
Published: January 2016

This article considers what has traditionally been called 'orality' in the oldest section of the oldest Icelandic law code, the , revising outdated, romantic notions of a universal, poetic, pan-Germanic origin for the . This article begins to describe a poetics of oral law which takes into account performance, pragmatics, syntax and a cross-cultural study of law without abandoning the philological tradition of literary studies. The most recent theories of orality break down the hard distinction between orality and literacy, revise the notion of oral formula, and challenge the distinction between verse and prose. Having redefined basic concepts such as orality and law, we conclude that the certainly shows a relationship to oral uses of law even as we affirm that the is a modern law code born of a written tradition.
LA RÉSISTANCE DES RESTES: l'appartenance 'médiatique' des 'Shorter Plays'
Authors: Soenen Dimitri
Published: January 2016

This article studies the different terms used by Beckett to name his 'Shorter Plays', terms which stray from generic and media conventions. We will assume here that these terms are related to a rhetoric of the 'ill named'. This rhetoric goes together with the works' shortness in order not so much to reduce media to their essential features as to put them to test.
"IT'S NOT MY FAULT SIR": The Child, Presence and Stage Space in Beckett's Theatre
Authors: Thomson Stephen
Published: January 2016

This article examines the doubtful status of the Boy in as a 'character', and relates this to questions of the reduction of character as representation, the idea of being on stage as 'presence', and the relation of stage space to an off-stage. Exploring what it means for the Boy to be a child, seen as something secondary and dependent, will shed some light on these classic questions of criticism of Beckett's theatre.
'For Interpolation': Beckett and English Literature
Authors: Pilling John
Published: January 2016

This essay uses as its point of origin the twelve pages of Beckett's "Whoroscope" Notebook in which he jotted down entries from Elizabethan, Jacobean and Eighteenth Century English Literature, apparently intending (presumably at a late stage of the composition of the novel , probably in 1936) to incorporate much of this material into a book already dense with learned and literary references, although in the event almost none of it was adopted. I offer some reasons why so much sustained effort produced so little actual effect, and where appropriate comment on why a given item might have caught Beckett's eye. I also take into account other items from English Literature found both in the "Whoroscope" and other notebooks.
The Promise of Dante in the Beckett Manuscripts
Authors: Caselli Daniela
Published: January 2016

This reading of Dante points out parallels and correspondences among Beckett's different manuscripts and published works, and reconsiders the role of manuscripts in the Beckett . It interprets manuscripts not as on the margin of the Beckett corpus, but as part of the poetics of marginality central to the Beckett canon. RUL MS3000 promises to keep the "whole Dantesque analogy out of sight". Moving from the teasing promise to do so, this study will analyse the interaction between Dante's presence and absence in these Beckett manuscripts.
Effacement ou collecte indifférenciée ?
Authors: Touret Michèle
Published: January 2016

The event and its figuration in the literary text may shed light on the relation of the work to its context, not in terms of content so much as in terms of its properly literary configuration. In event is not (always) erased but parodied, displaced, erased or estimated; it obsesses a narrator who is the fallible memorialist or inventor of a story – his own – which escapes him. This narrator, concerned with determining what could have or should havebeen, also appears as an observer exploring a new form of speech, one engaged in a dialogue slanted again the literary discourse of Beckett's time, the discourse of post–World War II novels, where the hero discovers himself in a need of adventure or action–taking, the discourse as well of the personal testimony of historical catastrophe.
Résonances Artistiques, Géographiques Et Sentimentales Dans
Authors: Case Hannah Kay
Published: January 2016

In 1980, responding to an invitation to write a new play for a conference dedicated to his works to be held at Ohio State University, Beckett began composing whose title alone evokes both a musical theme and reflections of French literary tradition. The result proved to be brief but at the same time complex, resembling a fugue tightly woven of numerous motifs, including that of specific landmarks in France and the USA and that of solitude following the loss of a loved one. As always in Beckett’s oeuvre, one finds here as well the theme of the artist in the process of forging his work.
Samuel Beckett : De L'ecriture Comme Une Autotraduction
Authors: Cerrato Laura
Published: January 2016

In the itinerary from thought to translation a translation has already taken place, with all the exercises in betrayal implied there. Perhaps, in translating our own betrayal, in betraying again, it would become possible to attain the thought in the origin. It appears that something similar takes place in Samuel Beckett's writing procedure. Each of his translations, along the whole gammut of possibilities (writing, re-writing in another language, different versions in the same language, the as a correction of the first writing, etc.), are all attempts to recover original writing, writing before writing.
Corps Et Chez Beckett
Authors: Houppermans Sjef
Published: January 2016

Starting from a view on the Freudian term of the 'Unheimlich' [the uncanny], we examine how this notion haunts the texts of Beckett focussing more in particular on "l'Expulse" and
La Théâtralité Dans Samuel Beckett: Essai de dramatisation de à partir des signes graphiques, phoniques et corporels
Authors: Simon Fransoise
Published: January 2016

Turning our attention to we had as a goal to search its theatrality and the signs in the text that show the dramatic potentialities of it. To understand what these signs can bear in them one has to experience them as an actor. The presence, the body and the voice of the actor should mould the words in the way a painter or a sculptur works on his material.
Samuel Beckett Et La Mécanisation D'echo
Authors: Tajiri Yoshiki
Published: January 2016

This paper wants to situate Beckett's work within the cultural context of the beginning of the twentieth century when acoustic technology was strongly linked to the art of the avant-garde. I am going to analyze the 'voice of the telephone' in and I shall accentuate the pertinence of the idea of "the discourse network of 1900" (Friedrich Kittler) regarding Beckett's work. Finally I want to show how acoustic technology appears in and in In these processes the figure of Echo has been mechanized and materialized by Beckett in our view.
Samuel Beckett : a double-edged milestone.
Authors: Blanckeman Bruno
Published: January 2016

The article focuses on Beckett's influence on his contemporaries in the 1980's as well as his followers. Beckett brought drama back to its core : although his theatrical model cannot be ignored, no author simply replicates it. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal the tension between minimalist forms of drama and tendancies to cross language boundaries through specific techniques of story telling and by this way to represent reality and give it significance
The "irrational Heart": Romantic Disillusionment in and
Authors: Bolin John
Published: January 2016

Beckett's personal and critical writings in the early 1930s evidence a dismissive attitude toward Goethe's Werther and other German Romantic figures such as Rilke. (1935-1936), however, suggests that, far from simply rejecting , by the mid 30s Beckett found the novel useful as a paradigm which he could at once satirize and pursue. This essay attempts to sketch a pattern of correspondence between these two works, indicating 's affiliation with a tradition of "romantic disillusionment." While often read as a novel of ideas, thus reveals a significant relationship to a romantic legacy of irrational desire. It is suggested a recognition of this debt helps make sense of a fundamental negativity at the end of the novel which has not been fully appreciated.
Falling Down and Standing Up and Falling Down Again…
Authors: Houppermans Sjef
Published: January 2016

The fall is omnipresent in Beckett's work: most directly and materially in the characters' repeated tumbles and decline, but also as a reiterated motif with philosophical and metaphysical implications, besides manifesting itself throughout in textual breaches and the rhythmic cadences of Beckett's language. In this article I explore Beckett's challenge to verticality in a number of his prose, poetry, and theatre pieces, with particular emphasis on
: de 'jeux de mots' aux modalités po(ï)étiques de configuration textuelle
Authors: Taban Carla
Published: January 2016

This contribution tackles anew the matter of Beckettian "language games." Through a close analysis of what is ostensibly a pun in the French , the critic questions the idea that its first and foremost function is to serve as a diverting or linguistic de-familiarising device. Rather, she suggests, the supposed pun is a mechanism to both generate and differentiate multiple contextual meanings, and to structure the text. The article proposes that only an integrative approach, taking into account the immediate and extended intra-textual environment within which Beckettian "word plays" are embedded, can accurately recognise their workings and roles.
IMAGE AND DISPOSITION IN BECKETT'S LATE PLAYS
Authors: Uhlmann Anthony
Published: January 2016

This paper has two parts: in the first, I summarise elements of my conclusions with regard to the nature of the image and the aesthetic of nonrelation in Beckett's works, which I develop at length in my recent book . In the second, I draw on these ideas in offering readings of the nature of the image as disposition in Beckett's late plays and television plays.
NARRATEURS ET ENTENDEURS DANS LES ŒUVRES ROMANESQUES ET THÉÂTRALES DE SAMUEL BECKETT
Authors: Fujiwara Yo
Published: January 2016

A character who tells or listens to a story is one of the most frequently encountered figures in Beckett's texts. But at the same time, even as they appear totally immersed in their narratives, the fictional narrators feel out of sync with their own narrations. Why go on telling and listening? What is the relation between a personage and his or her narrative? In this article I examine two series of texts in order to address these questions: the fictional works of the forties and the theatrical works of the seventies and eighties.
BECKETT, BÖLL, AND CLOWNS
Authors: Bryden Mary
Published: January 2016

After relating the importance of the moment in Beckett's work to the clownish act's quicksilver moment that reverses or modifies a mood or situation, this essay identifies affiliations between Beckett's work and varieties of clowning which derive not so much from knockabout farce and merriment but rather from containment and introspection, even constraint. In interaction with Heinrich Böll's novel , the essay concentrates upon the tightrope a clown must tread between the familiar and the alien, the vulnerable and the outrageous, the public and the private, a tightrope that is also apparent in significant areas of Beckett's writing.
FROM DADA TO DIDI: Beckett and the Art of His Century
Authors: Brater Enoch
Published: January 2016

This discussion aims to look at Beckett as both a primary inheritor and innovator of the art of his own century. Beginning with Beckett's formative years in the Paris of the 1930s, this project takes a step back from one-to-one correspondences in order to localize the many ways in which an exciting cultural and historical matrix gives rise to a compatibility of aesthetic concerns. Beckett makes art new, but his art is also constructed as new, nourished and reinvented again and again, by the ongoing resonances it uncovers in the artistic exploration so characteristic of his own moment in history.
BECOMING STONE: A Leibnizian Reading of Beckett's Fiction
Authors: Mori Naoya
Published: January 2016

Samuel Beckett's works suggest that humans are dead like stones and stones are alive like creatures. The ambiguous border between humans and stones reflects Beckett's borderless grasp on life and death, which he envisions as the metamorphosis of human beings into a state of metaphysical stone that is indestructible and imbued with memories and feelings. Belacqua, Molloy, Malone, and the Unnamable share the vision of such a stone representing life in limbo. Focusing upon the image of stone in Beckett's works, this essay reads the trilogy in particular as an ontological transformation based on Leibnizian vitalism.