bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Cutting Parameters during Dry Turning of Austenitic Stainless Steel Using nc-AlTiN/Si3N4, TiAlN, and TiN Coated Inserts
Authors: Vijaya Prasad Kaushik , Pal Ratna , Kuncham Rajendraprasad Vishnu
Published: July 2016

The nc-AlTiN/Si3N4, TiAlN, and TiN coating were deposited using lateral rotating cathodes (LARC) technology on TNMG 160404 cemented carbide turning inserts. Ultrafine grain treated cemented carbide substrates were used in case of TiAlN and TiN inserts. The coated inserts were tested for their hardness and compositions were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The grain structures of coatings were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Dry cutting tests were performed on AISI 304 stainless steel to compare the performances of these coatings in terms of wear and surface finish imparted to workpiece. 3D confocal laser microscope was used to determine the flank wear. Grey relation analysis was carried out to optimize the machining parameters. Studies reveal that nc-AlTiN/Si3N4 coating showed the highest hardness of 28 GPa. The coating also shows a dense grain structure. Furthermore, in cutting tests even under severe dry cutting conditions, the wear observed was less than the other two coatings and surface finish imparted to work parts was less than 2 μm by this coating.
Acute Psychosis as Major Clinical Presentation of Legionnaires’ Disease
Authors: Coentre Ricardo , Silva-dos-Santos Amílcar , Talina Miguel Cotrim
Published: July 2016

We report a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute psychosis as a major manifestation of Legionnaires’ disease in the absence of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Clinical history revealed dry cough and nausea. Observation showed fever and auscultation crackles in the lower lobe of the right lung. Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated C-reactive protein and lung chest radiograph showed patchy peribronchial and right lower lobe consolidation. Soon after admission, she started producing purulent sputum. Epidemiological data suggestedLegionella pneumophilaas possible cause of the clinical picture that was confirmed by urinary antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction of the sputum. She was treated with levofloxacin 750 mg/day for 10 days with complete remission of pulmonary and psychiatric symptoms. She has not had further psychotic symptoms.
Iontophoresis-Assisted Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Epithelial Debridement: Preliminary Results
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Romano Vito , Rosetta Pietro , Legrottaglie Emanuela F. , Kubrak-Kisza Magdalena , Azzolini Claudio , Vinciguerra Riccardo
Published: July 2016

Purpose. To report the early outcomes of iontophoresis-assisted corneal collagen cross-linking procedure with epithelial debridement (I-SCXL).Methods. Twenty eyes of twenty patients with progressive keratoconus were included in this prospective clinical study. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), sphere and cylinder refraction, corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. The parameters considered to establish keratoconus progression were always proven with differential maps as change in curvature in the cone area of at least 1 diopter obtained with an instantaneous map.Results. Functional parameters showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) of BSCVA after 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Morphological parameters indicated stabilization of the corneal ectasia during the follow-up; however, a positive trend was noted with a mean flattening of 1.73 D. Minimum pachymetry values showed thinning that remained constant after the treatment. The demarcation line was clearly visible in all patients, reaching a depth of308.2±37.74 μm. None of the patients had continuous progression of keratoconus or had to repeat cross-linking procedures. Endothelial cell counts did not change significantly (p>0.05).Conclusion. The early results indicate that the I-SCXL may be able to reduce the treatment time and improve the riboflavin diffusion.
A Novel Margin-Based Measure for Directed Hill Climbing Ensemble Pruning
Authors: Guo Huaping , Sun Fang , Cheng Jiong , Li Yanling , Xu Mingling
Published: July 2016

Ensemble pruning is a technique to increase ensemble accuracy and reduce its size by choosing a subset of ensemble members to form a subensemble for prediction. Many ensemble pruning algorithms via directed hill climbing searching policy have been recently proposed. The key to the success of these algorithms is to construct an effective measure to supervise the search process. In this paper, we study the importance of individual classifiers with respect to an ensemble using margin theory proposed by Schapire et al. and obtain that ensemble pruning via directed hill climbing strategy should focus more on examples with small absolute margins as well as classifiers that correctly classify more examples. Based on this principle, we propose a novel measure called the margin-based measure to explicitly evaluate the importance of individual classifiers. Our experiments show that using the proposed measure to prune an ensemble leads to significantly better accuracy results compared to other state-of-the-art measures.
Blending Influence on the Conversion Efficiency of the Cogasification Process of Corn Stover and Coal
Authors: Anukam Anthony Ike , Mamphweli Sampson Ntshengedzeni , Mabizela Polycarp Sbusiso , Meyer Edson Leroy
Published: July 2016

Characterizations of biomass and coal were undertaken in order to compare their properties and determine the combustion characteristics of both feedstocks. The study was also intended to establish whether the biomass (corn stover) used for this study is a suitable feedstock for blending with coal for the purpose of cogasification based on composition and properties. Proximate and ultimate analyses as well as energy value of both samples including their blends were undertaken and results showed that corn stover is a biomass material well suited for blending with coal for the purpose of cogasification, given its high volatile matter content which was measured and found to be 75.3% and its low ash content of 3.3% including its moderate calorific value of 16.1%. The results of the compositional analyses of both pure and blended samples of corn stover and coal were used to conduct computer simulation of the cogasification processes in order to establish the best blend that would result in optimum cogasification efficiency under standard gasifier operating conditions. The final result of the cogasification simulation process indicated that 90% corn stover/10% coal resulted in a maximum efficiency of about 58% because conversion was efficiently achieved at a temperature that is intermediate to that of coal and corn stover independently.
Image Edge Detection Based on Gaussian Mixture Model in Nonsubsampled Contourlet Domain
Authors: Yang Li , Xia Chang , Juan Chang
Published: July 2016

In order to get accurate location and continuous edges, Gaussian mixture model and local direction modulus nonmaxima suppression are used in high frequency subbands of nonsubsampled Contourlet transform. The distribution of NSCT high frequency subbands coefficients has the “high spikes, long tail” non-Gaussian statistical characteristic. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to distinguish the linear singular signal and the nonlinear singular signal on the high frequency subbands. Local direction modulus nonmaxima suppression is used to refine the linear singular signal. An appropriate threshold is used to distinguish edge pixels and nonedge pixels to get binary image. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can capture more continuous edges in multiple directions and has accurate edge location. And the edges are with great convenience for the image recognition.
Where Environment Meets Cognition: A Focus on Two Developmental Intellectual Disability Disorders
Authors: Toma I. De , Gil L. Manubens , Ossowski S. , Dierssen M.
Published: July 2016

One of the most challenging questions in neuroscience is to dissect how learning and memory, the foundational pillars of cognition, are grounded in stable, yet plastic, gene expression states. All known epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling, and noncoding RNAs regulate brain gene expression, both during neurodevelopment and in the adult brain in processes related to cognition. On the other hand, alterations in the various components of the epigenetic machinery have been linked to well-known causes of intellectual disability disorders (IDDs). Two examples are Down Syndrome (DS) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), where global and local epigenetic alterations lead to impairments in synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning. Since epigenetic modifications are reversible, it is theoretically possible to use epigenetic drugs as cognitive enhancers for the treatment of IDDs. Epigenetic treatments act in a context specific manner, targeting different regions based on cell and state specific chromatin accessibility, facilitating the establishment of the lost balance. Here, we discuss epigenetic studies of IDDs, focusing on DS and FXS, and the use of epidrugs in combinatorial therapies for IDDs.
Constructing Phylogenetic Networks Based on the Isomorphism of Datasets
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Zhibin , Li Yanjuan
Published: July 2016

Constructing rooted phylogenetic networks from rooted phylogenetic trees has become an important problem in molecular evolution. So far, many methods have been presented in this area, in which most efficient methods are based on the incompatible graph, such as the CASS, the LNETWORK,and the BIMLR. This paper will research the commonness of the methods based on the incompatible graph, the relationship between incompatible graph and the phylogenetic network, and the topologies of incompatible graphs. We can find out all the simplest datasets for a topologyGand construct a network for every dataset. For any one datasetC, we can compute a network from the network representing the simplest dataset which is isomorphic toC. This process will save more time for the algorithms when constructing networks.
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of Urinary Bladder Occurring as a Second Primary Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Usawachintachit Manint , Sitthideatphaiboon Piyada , Thanakit Voranuch , Pukiat Sulada , Panumatrassamee Kamol , Opanuraks Julin , Santi-Ngamkun Apirak
Published: July 2016

We report a case of bladder alveolar soft part sarcoma in an 18-year-old Thai male patient who had been treated with testicular radiation and systemic chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with testicular relapse. He presented with recurrent dysuria and gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a 2-centimeter irregular sessile mass at the bladder base adjacent to left ureteral orifice. Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was alveolar soft part sarcoma. Chest and abdominal computed tomography showed no evidence of metastasis. He was treated with partial cystectomy and left ureteral reimplantation with negative surgical margin. No evidence of recurrence was found during a 28-month follow-up period with surveillance cystoscopy and computed tomography of the chest and abdomen.
Diversity, Population Structure, and Above Ground Biomass in Woody Species on Ngomakurira Mountain, Domboshawa, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zimudzi Clemence , Chapano Christopher
Published: July 2016

The diversity, structure, species composition, and above ground biomass of woody plants on Ngomakurira mountain in Zimbabwe were studied. A systematic random sampling approach was adopted to establish 52 sampling plots measuring 10 × 10 m across 3 study strata in the 1266 ha study area. Woody species occurring in each plot were identified and the circumferences of trees with diameters >8.0 cm at 1.3 m height were measured. A total of 91 species belonging to 74 genera and 39 families were identified in the sample plots. A Shannon-Wiener index mean value of 3.12 was obtained indicating high species diversity on the mountain. The DBH size class distribution showed inverse J distribution patterns across the three study strata, but with only 3 individual plants with DBH > 30 cm. Mean basal area was 15.21 m2 ha−1 with U. kirkiana and J. globiflora contributing approximately 30% of the basal area. The estimated above ground biomass ranged from 34.5 to 65.1 t ha−1. Kruskal-Wallis-H test showed no significant differences in species richness, stem density, basal area, above ground biomass, and evenness, across the study strata (p<0.05). Ngomakurira woodland has potential to regenerate due to the presence of many stems in the small diameter size classes.
Fractals of GeneralizedF-Hutchinson Operator inb-Metric Spaces
Authors: Nazir Talat , Silvestrov Sergei , Qi Xiaomin
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to construct a fractal with the help of a finite family of generalizedF-contraction mappings, a class of mappings more general than contraction mappings, defined in the setup ofb-metric space. Consequently, we obtain a variety of results for iterated function system satisfying a different set of contractive conditions. Our results unify, generalize, and extend various results in the existing literature.
Recall of Theoretical Pharmacology Knowledge by 6th Year Medical Students and Interns of Three Medical Schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mustafa A. A. , Alassiry H. A. , Al-Turki A. , Alamri N. , Alhamdan N. A. , Saeed Abdalla
Published: July 2016

The aim of this research is to provide some insights into the ability of the sixth year medical students and interns to recall theoretical knowledge of pharmacology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students who graduated from three different medical schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed to male and female students in 3 different colleges of medicine. The questionnaire included demographic information and ten multiple choice questions (MCQs) on basic pharmacology. Out of the 161 students, there were 39 females (24%) and 122 males (76%). A total of 36 (22%) students studied at a traditional learning school whereas 125 (78%) students studied at problem based learning (PBL) schools. The students were recruited from three universities: KSU, KSAU-HS, and KFMC-COM. In general, 31 students (19%) of the participants scored ≥ 7 out of 10, 77 students (48%) of them obtained a correct score of (4–6) out of 10, and 53 students (33%) scored less than 4. The study showed no statistically significant difference in recalling pharmacology between traditional school and problem based learning school except for those who prepared for exams. Results suggest that pharmacology is a difficult subject. Reevaluations are needed in the way of teaching pharmacology.
New Exact Solutions for the (3+1)-Dimensional Generalized BKP Equation
Authors: Su Jun , Xu Genjiu
Published: July 2016

The Wronskian technique is used to investigate a (3+1)-dimensional generalized BKP equation. Based on Hirota’s bilinear form, new exact solutions including rational solutions, soliton solutions, positon solutions, negaton solutions, and their interaction solutions are formally derived. Moreover we analyze the strangely mechanical behavior of the Wronskian determinant solutions. The study of these solutions will enrich the variety of the dynamics of the nonlinear evolution equations.
Association between Serum Ferritin and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhu Boqian , Hou Jiantong , Gong Yaoyao , Yan Gaoliang , Wang Qingjie , Wang Dong , Qiao Yong , Chen Yifei , Tang Chengchun
Published: July 2016

Background and Aims. CIN is a major and serious complication following PCI in patients with ACS. It is unclear whether a higher serum ferritin level is associated with an increased risk of CIN in high-risk patients. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the predictive value of SF for the risk of CIN after PCI.Methods. We prospectively examined SF levels in 548 patients with ACS before undergoing PCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for CIN. The ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of SF for CIN.Results. CIN occurred in 96 patients. Baseline SF was higher in patients who developed CIN compared to those who did not (257.05±93.98versus211.67±106.65;P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SF was an independent predictor of CIN (OR, 1.008; 95% CI, 1.003–1.013;P=0.002). The area under ROC curve for SF was 0.629, and SF > 180.9 μg/L predicted CIN with sensitivity of 80.2% and specificity of 41.4%.Conclusion. Our data show that a higher SF level was significantly associated with an increased risk of CIN after PCI.
Effects of Adoptive Transfer of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Allograft Survival in Organ Transplantation Models: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Zhou Yanni , Shan Juan , Guo Yingjia , Li Shengfu , Long Dan , Li Youping , Feng Li
Published: July 2016

Objective. To dissect the efficacy of Tol-DC therapy with or without IS in multiple animal models of transplantation.Methods and Results. PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reviews published up to April 2015. Six systematic reviews and a total of 61 articles were finally included. Data were grouped by organ transplantation models and applied to meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis shows that Tol-DC therapy successfully prolonged allograft survival to varying extents in all except the islet transplantation models and with IS drugs further prolonged the survival of heart, skin, and islet allografts in mice, but not of heart allografts in rats. Compared with IS drugs alone, Tol-DC therapy with IS extended islet allograft survival in rats but failed to influence the survival of skin, small intestine, and heart allografts in rats or of heart and skin allografts in mice.Conclusion. Tol-DC therapy significantly prolonged multiple allograft survival and further prolonged survival with IS. However, standardized protocols for modification of Tol-DC should be established before its application in clinic.
The Beneficial Effects of Renal Transplantation on Altered Oxidative Status of ESRD Patients
Authors: Cerrillos-Gutiérrez José Ignacio , Miranda-Díaz Alejandra Guillermina , Preciado-Rojas Priscila , Gómez-Navarro Benjamín , Sifuentes-Franco Sonia , Carrillo-Ibarra Sandra , Andrade-Sierra Jorge , Rojas-Campos Enrique , Cueto-Manzano Alfonso Martín
Published: July 2016

Renal transplantation (RT), has been considered the best therapeutic option for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Objective. To determine the effect of RT on the evolution of oxidative DNA status. Methods. Prospective cohort (N = 50 receptors of RT); genotoxic damage, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), and DNA repair enzyme, human 8‐oxoguanine‐DNA‐N‐ glycosylase‐1 (hOGG1); and antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were evaluated. Results. Before RT, 8‐OHdG were significantly elevated (11.04 ± 0.90 versus 4.73 ± 0.34 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001), with normalization after 6 months of 4.78 ± 0.34 ng/mL (p < 0.001). The same phenomenon was observed with hOGG1 enzyme before RT with 2.14 ± 0.36 ng/mL (p = 0.01) and decreased significantly at the end of the study to 1.20 ng/mL (p < 0.001) but was higher than controls, 0.51 ± 0.07 ng/mL (p < 0.03). Antioxidant SOD was elevated at 24.09 ± 1.6 IU/mL versus healthy controls (p = 0.001) before RT; however, 6 months after RT it decreased significantly to 16.9 ± 1.6 IU/mL (p = 0.002), without achieving the levels of healthy controls (p = 0.01). The GPx, before RT, was significantly diminished with 24.09 ± 1.6 IU/mL versus healthy controls (39.0 ± 1.58) (p = 0.01), while, in the final results, levels increased significantly to 30.38 ± 3.16 IU/mL (p = 0.001). Discussion. Patients with ESRD have important oxidative damage before RT. The RT significantly reduces oxidative damage and partially regulates the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx).
Ectopic Premolar Tooth in the Sigmoid Notch
Authors: Törenek K. , Akgül H. M. , Bayrakdar I. S.
Published: July 2016

Impaction of a mandibular premolar is relatively uncommon. Ectopic placement is more unusual and there has been no discussion in the literature of an ectopic mandibular premolar in the coronoid process. In this case report, we present an impacted ectopic mandibular permanent premolar in the sigmoid notch (incisura mandibulae) region. Etiology of the tooth and treatment options are discussed and illustrated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.
The Role of AGE/RAGE Signaling in Diabetes-Mediated Vascular Calcification
Authors: Kay Amber M. , Simpson C. LaShan , Stewart James A.
Published: July 2016

AGE/RAGE signaling has been a well-studied cascade in many different disease states, particularly diabetes. Due to the complex nature of the receptor and multiple intersecting pathways, the AGE/RAGE signaling mechanism is still not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight key areas of AGE/RAGE mediated vascular calcification as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling heavily influences both cellular and systemic responses to increase bone matrix proteins through PKC, p38 MAPK, fetuin-A, TGF-β, NFκB, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in both hyperglycemic and calcification conditions. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to increase oxidative stress to promote diabetes-mediated vascular calcification through activation of Nox-1 and decreased expression of SOD-1. AGE/RAGE signaling in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification was also attributed to increased oxidative stress resulting in the phenotypic switch of VSMCs to osteoblast-like cells in AGEs-induced calcification. Researchers found that pharmacological agents and certain antioxidants decreased the level of calcium deposition in AGEs-induced diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. By understanding the role the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade plays diabetes-mediated vascular calcification will allow for pharmacological intervention to decrease the severity of this diabetic complication.
Randomized, Double‐Blinded, Double‐Dummy, Active‐Controlled, and Multiple‐Dose Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig (Ramulus Mori, Sangzhi) Alkaloid Tablet and Acarbose in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Mengyi , Huang Xuemin , Ye Hui , Chen Yao , Yu Jing , Yang Jinxia , Zhang Xuezhi
Published: July 2016

Aims. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloid (SZ‐A) tablet compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. This clinical trial enrolled 38 patients who were randomized into two groups (SZ‐A: 23; acarbose: 15) and were treated for 24 weeks. Patients and clinical trial staffs were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1‐hour and 2‐hour postprandial and fasting plasma glucose levels from baseline to the end of treatment. Analysis included all patients who completed this study. Results. By the end of this study, HbA1c level in SZ‐A group was decreased from baseline significantly (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found when compared with acarbose group (P = 0.652). Similarly, 1‐hour and 2‐hour postprandial plasma glucose levels in SZ‐A group were decreased from baseline statistically (P < 0.05), without any significant differences compared with acarbose group (P = 0.748 and 0.558, resp.). The fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly changed in both groups. One of 23 patients in SZ‐A group (4.76%) and 5 of 15 patients in acarbose group (33.33%) suffered from gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusions. Compared with acarbose, SZ‐A tablet was effective and safe in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Catatonia in the Setting of Benzodiazepine Withdrawal
Authors: Peng Teng J. , Patchett Nicholas D. , Bernard Sheilah A.
Published: July 2016

We report two serious and unusual complications of benzodiazepine withdrawal in a single patient: takotsubo cardiomyopathy and catatonia. This 61-year-old female patient was brought to the emergency department with lethargy and within hours had declined into a state of catatonia. Although there was never a complaint of chest pain, ECG showed deep anterior T-wave inversions and cardiac enzymes were elevated. An echocardiogram was consistent with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. She later received 1 mg of midazolam and within minutes had resolution of catatonic symptoms. Careful history revealed that she had omitted her daily dose of lorazepam for 3 days prior to admission. To our knowledge, the case presented herein is the first report of simultaneous catatonia and takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the setting of benzodiazepine withdrawal. The pathogenesis of both conditions is poorly understood but may be indirectly related to the sudden decrease inγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling during benzodiazepine withdrawal.
A New Approach of Asymmetric Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Orbits Construction in Several Typical Systems Based on the Undetermined Padé Approximation Method
Authors: Feng Jingjing , Zhang Qichang , Wang Wei , Hao Shuying
Published: July 2016

In dynamic systems, some nonlinearities generate special connection problems of non-Z2symmetric homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. Such orbits are important for analyzing problems of global bifurcation and chaos. In this paper, a general analytical method, based on the undetermined Padé approximation method, is proposed to construct non-Z2symmetric homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits which are affected by nonlinearity factors. Geometric and symmetrical characteristics of non-Z2heteroclinic orbits are analyzed in detail. An undetermined frequency coefficient and a corresponding new analytic expression are introduced to improve the accuracy of the orbit trajectory. The proposed method shows high precision results for the Nagumo system (one single orbit); general types of non-Z2symmetric nonlinear quintic systems (orbit with one cusp); and Z2symmetric system with high-order nonlinear terms (orbit with two cusps). Finally, numerical simulations are used to verify the techniques and demonstrate the enhanced efficiency and precision of the proposed method.
Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pain Threshold of Laboring Rats and the Expression of Norepinephrine Transporter and α2 Adrenergic Receptor in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Tang Qianli , Jiang Qiuyan , Sooranna Suren R. , Lin Shike , Feng Yuanyuan , Zhang Qi , Wang Meili , Wang Yu
Published: July 2016

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on pain threshold of laboring rats and the expression of norepinephrine transporter and α2 adrenergic receptor in the central nervous system to determine the mechanism of the analgesic effect of labor. 120 pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 4 electroacupuncture groups, and a meperidine group. After interventions, the warm water tail‐flick test was used to observe pain threshold. NE levels in serum, NET, and α2AR mRNA and protein expression levels in the central nervous system were measured. No difference in pain threshold was observed between the 6 groups before intervention. After intervention, increased pain thresholds were observed in all groups except the control group with a higher threshold seen in the electroacupuncture groups. Serum NE levels decreased in the electroacupuncture and MP groups. Increases in NET and α2AR expression in the cerebral cortex and decreases in enlarged segments of the spinal cord were seen. Acupuncture increases uptake of NE via cerebral NET and decreases its uptake by spinal NET. The levels of α2AR are also increased and decreased, respectively, in both tissues. This results in a decrease in systemic NE levels and may be the mechanism for its analgesic effects.
Prevalence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Lymphocytic Esophagitis in Adults with Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction
Authors: Truskaite Kotryna , Dlugosz Aldona
Published: July 2016

Background. The relation of esophageal food bolus impaction (FBI) to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EoE and LyE among adults with FBI.Methods. In this retrospective study we analyzed data from all patients referred for gastroscopy during the past 5 years, because of a present or recent episode of FBI.Results. We found 238 patients with FBI (median age 51 (17–96), 71% males). Endoscopic therapy was required in 143 patients. Esophageal biopsies were obtained in 185 (78%) patients. All biopsies were assessed for numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes. EoE was found in 18% of patients who underwent biopsy. We found 41 patients (22%) who fulfilled the criteria for both EoE and LyE (EoE/LyE). LyE was found in the 9% of patients with FBI. EoE together with EoE/LyE was the leading cause of FBI in patients ≤50 years (64%). GERD was the leading cause of FBI among patients older than 50 years (42%).Conclusions. Our study showed that EoE was the leading cause of FBI in particular among young adults. Our study highlights the need for esophageal biopsies in any patient with FBI.
An Efficient Reconfigurable Architecture for Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Bhairannawar Satish S. , Raja K. B. , Venugopal K. R.
Published: July 2016

The fingerprint identification is an efficient biometric technique to authenticate human beings in real-time Big Data Analytics. In this paper, we propose an efficient Finite State Machine (FSM) based reconfigurable architecture for fingerprint recognition. The fingerprint image is resized, and Compound Linear Binary Pattern (CLBP) is applied on fingerprint, followed by histogram to obtain histogram CLBP features. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Level 2 features are obtained by the same methodology. The novel matching score of CLBP is computed using histogram CLBP features of test image and fingerprint images in the database. Similarly, the DWT matching score is computed using DWT features of test image and fingerprint images in the database. Further, the matching scores of CLBP and DWT are fused with arithmetic equation using improvement factor. The performance parameters such as TSR (Total Success Rate), FAR (False Acceptance Rate), and FRR (False Rejection Rate) are computed using fusion scores with correlation matching technique for FVC2004 DB3 Database. The proposed fusion based VLSI architecture is synthesized on Virtex xc5vlx30T-3 FPGA board using Finite State Machine resulting in optimized parameters.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach with an Abscess Excised by Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Maeda Yoshiaki , Shinohara Toshiki , Katayama Tomonari , Nagatsu Akihisa , Futakawa Noriaki , Hamada Tomonori
Published: July 2016

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach presenting as an intra-abdominal abscess are extremely rare. We herein report a case that underwent successful laparoscopic resection of gastric GIST presenting with an intra-abdominal abscess. A 70-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of acute upper abdominal pain with a fever. Laboratory data showed an elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level. A CT scan revealed a mass of mixed solid and fluid components, measuring 5.5 cm, in the adjacent lesser curvature of the stomach. He was diagnosed as having an intra-abdominal abscess, and antibiotic therapy was administered. Consequently, his symptoms were relieved and a CT scan on the 7th day showed that the mass reduced and became homogenous. According to the results of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy, the tumor was suspected to be a GIST. Laparoscopic surgery with the 5-port approach was performed. The tumor existed in the lesser curvature of the stomach, and was excised en bloc with the omentum and gastric wall by wedge resection. The tumor measured 3.0 cm in diameter and originated from the serosal layer of the stomach. Histological findings showed spindle cells with a stromal growth pattern that was positive for c-kit (CD 117) and CD 34. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence has been noted in the 2 years since the operation. This is the first report of a case with gastric GIST with an intra-abdominal abscess that was successfully treated by laparoscopic surgery.
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase: A Crucial Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Disease
Authors: Ma Terry King-Wing , McAdoo Stephen P. , Tam Frederick Wai-Keung
Published: July 2016

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a 72 kDa cytoplasmic non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, plays an important role in signal transduction in a variety of cell types. Ever since its discovery in the early 1990s, there has been accumulating evidence to suggest a pathogenic role of Syk in various allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Additionally, there is emerging data from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that Syk is implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), including anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated GN, lupus nephritis and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Moreover, recent animal studies have shed light on the importance of Syk in mediating acute renal allograft rejection, Epstein Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and kidney fibrosis. Fostamatinib, an oral Syk inhibitor, has undergone clinical testing in rheumatoid arthritis, refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia and lymphoma. The recent STOP-IgAN trial showed that the addition of non-selective immunosuppressive therapy to intensive supportive care did not improve clinical outcomes in high-risk IgAN patients. A Syk-targeted approach may be beneficial and is currently being evaluated in a phase II randomized controlled trial. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenic role of Syk and potential use of Syk inhibitor in a variety of renal diseases.
The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis
Authors: Duman Handan , Bostanci Ilknur , Ozmen Serap , Dogru Mahmut
Published: July 2016

Background: It is important to understand that allergic rhinitis, whether seasonal or perennial, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from the nonallergic forms of rhinitis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in children who have allergic rhinitis symptoms in the absence of skin test positivity and specific IgE by performing a nasal provocation test (NPT). Methods: Our study followed a case-controlled, prospective design. Twenty-eight patients and 30 healthy children were included in the study in a pollen-free season. The NPTs with a grass mix, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and D. farinae (DF) allergens were performed with an interval of 1 week. The total symptom score and visual analog scale, nasal eosinophilia and pulmonary function tests were evaluated before and after each NPT. The change to nasal flow and resistance was recorded by anterior rhinomanometry. Results: The symptom frequencies before the NPTs were as follows: nasal congestion 100%; itching 82.1%; rhinorrhea 75% and sneezing 71.4%. The NPT was positive in 7 (25%) patients. In the NPT-positive group there was a statistically significant decrease in nasal flow at the concentrations of 10 and 100 IR/ml for DF (p = 0.026, p = 0.031, respectively). In the NPT-positive group total nasal resistance for DP was increased at the concentrations of 0.1 and 10 IR/ml, and for DF at 10 and 100 IR/ml (p = 0.049, p = 0.041, p = 0.022, p = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We emphasize that the diagnosis of LAR should be taken into consideration by pediatricians and pediatric allergy specialists.
Regulation of Neuronal Stem Cell Proliferation in the Hippocampus by Endothelial Ceramide
Authors: Gulbins Anne , Grassmé Heike , Hoehn Richard , Wilker Barbara , Soddemann Matthias , Kohnen Marcus , Edwards Michael J. , Kornhuber Johannes , Gulbins Erich
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Major depressive disorder is one of the most common diseases in western countries. The disease is mainly defined by its psychiatric symptoms. However, the disease has also many symptoms outside the central nervous system, in particular cardiovascular symptoms. Recent studies demonstrated that the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in the development of major depressive disorder and functions as a target of antidepressants. Methods: Here, we investigated (i) whether ceramide accumulates in endothelial cells in the neurogenetic zone of the hippocampus after glucocorticosterone-mediated stress, (ii) whether ceramide is released into the extracellular space of the hippocampus and (iii) whether extracellular ceramide inhibits neuronal proliferation. Ceramide was determined in endothelial cell culture supernatants or extracellular hippocampus extracts by a kinase assay. Endothelial ceramide in the hippocampus was analyzed by confocal microscopy of brain sections stained with Cy3-labelled anti-ceramide antibodies and FITC-Isolectin B4. Neuronal proliferation was measured by incubation of pheochromocytoma neuronal cells with culture supernatants and extracellular hippocampus extracts. Results: Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with glucocorticosterone induces a release of ceramide into the supernatant. Likewise, treatment of mice with glucocorticosterone triggers a release of ceramide into the extracellular space of the hippocampus. The release of ceramide is inhibited by concomitant treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline, which also inhibits the activity of the acid sphingomyelinase. Studies employing confocal microscopy revealed that ceramide is formed and accumulates exclusively in endothelial cells in the hippocampus of stressed mice, a process that was again prevented by co-application of amitriptyline. Ceramide released in the culture supernatant or into the extracellular space of the hippocampus reduced proliferation of neurons in vitro. Conclusion: The data suggest a novel model for the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, i.e. the release of ceramide-enriched microvesicles from endothelial cells that negatively affect neuronal proliferation in the hippocampus, but may also induce cardiovascular disease and other systemic symptoms of patients with major depressive disorder.
Pseudocirrhosis: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Adike Abimbola , Karlin Nina , Menias Christine , Carey Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2016

Pseudocirrhosis describes morphological changes of the liver that closely mimic cirrhosis, without the typical histopathological changes seen in cirrhosis. It most commonly occurs in patients with metastatic breast cancer, although it has been reported in other malignancies as well. Like in cirrhosis, portal hypertension is often seen in patients with pseudocirrhosis. Pseudocirrhosis is a rare but important complication of metastatic cancer. In this case series and literature review, we describe 6 patients with hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. We report the significant morbidity associated with pseudocirrhosis in the course of treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Jogos Olímpicos: a generificação de corpos performantes
Authors: Goellner Silvana Vilodre
Published: July 2016

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar os Jogos Olímpicos como espaço de produção de corpos generificados. Focaliza aspectos como a desigualdade numérica entre homens e mulheres participantes e entre as modalidades disputadas por cada sexo. Considerando que gênero se refere à construção de masculinidades e feminilidades, analisa ainda as estratégias de controle sobre os corpos e performances de mulheres que se afastam de uma representação normalizada de feminilidade e cuja permanência nas competições é autorizada, desde que seja comprovada a autenticidade de seu sexo.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Angiogenesis
Authors: Aldabbous Lulwah , Abdul-Salam Vahitha , McKinnon Tom , Duluc Lucie , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Southwood Mark , Ainscough Alexander J. , Hadinnapola Charaka , Wilkins Martin R. , Toshner Mark , Wojciak-Stothard Beata
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Inflammation and dysregulated angiogenesis are features of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), produced by dying neutrophils, contribute to pathogenesis of numerous vascular disorders but their role in pulmonary hypertension has not been studied. We sought evidence of (NETs) formation in pulmonary hypertension and investigated the effect of NETs on endothelial function.

Approach and Results—

Plasma and lung tissues of patients with pulmonary hypertension were analyzed for NET markers. The effects of NETs on endothelial function were studied in vitro and in vivo. Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension showed elevated plasma levels of DNA, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase. NET-forming neutrophils and extensive areas of NETosis were found in the occlusive plexiform lesions and vascularized intrapulmonary thrombi. NETs induced nuclear factor κB–dependent endothelial angiogenesis in vitro and increased vascularization of matrigel plugs in vivo. Angiogenic responses were associated with increased release of matrix metalloproteinase-9, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor–like growth factor, latency-associated peptide of the transforming growth factor β1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, accompanied by increased endothelial permeability and cell motility. NETs-induced responses depended on myeloperoxidase/H
2
O
2
-dependent activation of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB signaling. NETs stimulated the release of endothelin-1 in HPAECs (human pulmonary artery endothelial cells) and stimulated pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro.

Conclusions—

We are the first to implicate NETs in angiogenesis and provide a functional link between NETs and inflammatory angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate the potential pathological relevance of this in 2 diseases of disordered vascular homeostasis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Essential Role of Smooth Muscle STIM1 in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Authors: Kassan Modar , Ait-Aissa Karima , Radwan Eman , Mali Vishal , Haddox Samuel , Gabani Mohanad , Zhang Wei , Belmadani Souad , Irani Kaikobad , Trebak Mohamed , Matrougui Khalid
Published: July 2016

Objectives—

Chronic hypertension is the most critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and stroke.

Approach and Results—

Here we show that wild-type mice infused with angiotensin II develop hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction with enhanced stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) expression in heart and vessels. All these pathologies were significantly blunted in mice lacking STIM1 specifically in smooth muscle (Stim1
SMC−/−
). Mechanistically, STIM1 upregulation during angiotensin II–induced hypertension was associated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and smooth muscle STIM1 was required for endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced vascular dysfunction through transforming growth factor-β and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase–dependent pathways. Accordingly, knockout mice for the endoplasmic reticulum stress proapoptotic transcriptional factor, CCAAT-enhancer–binding protein homologous protein (CHOP
−/−
), were resistant to hypertension-induced cardiovascular pathologies. Wild-type mice infused with angiotensin II, but not Stim1
SMC−/−
or CHOP
−/−
mice showed elevated vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and reduced phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cGMP, and nitrite levels.

Conclusions—

Thus, smooth muscle STIM1 plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension and associated cardiovascular pathologies and represents a promising target for cardiovascular therapy.
Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Downregulation of
LMOD1, SYNPO2, PDLIM7, PLN
, and
SYNM
Authors: Perisic Matic Ljubica , Rykaczewska Urszula , Razuvaev Anton , Sabater-Lleal Maria , Lengquist Mariette , Miller Clint L. , Ericsson Ida , Röhl Samuel , Kronqvist Malin , Aldi Silvia , Magné Joelle , Paloschi Valentina , Vesterlund Mattias , Li Yuhuang , Jin Hong , Diez Maria Gonzalez , Roy Joy , Baldassarre Damiano , Veglia Fabrizio , Humphries Steve E. , de Faire Ulf , Tremoli Elena ,   on behalf of the IMPROVE Study Group, Odeberg Jacob , Vukojević Vladana , Lehtiö Janne , Maegdefessel Lars , Ehrenborg Ewa , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Hansson Göran K. , Lindeman Jan H.N. , Eriksson Per , Quertermous Thomas , Hamsten Anders , Hedin Ulf
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Key augmented processes in atherosclerosis have been identified, whereas less is known about downregulated pathways. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to examine suppressed molecular signatures, with the hypothesis that they may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to plaque stability.

Approach and Results—

Muscle contraction, muscle development, and actin cytoskeleton were the most downregulated pathways (false discovery rate=6.99e-21, 1.66e-6, 2.54e-10, respectively) in microarrays from human carotid plaques (n=177) versus healthy arteries (n=15). In addition to typical smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, these pathways also encompassed cytoskeleton-related genes previously not associated with atherosclerosis.
SYNPO2, SYNM, LMOD1, PDLIM7
, and
PLN
expression positively correlated to typical SMC markers in plaques (Pearson
r
>0.6,
P
<0.0001) and in rat intimal hyperplasia (
r
>0.8,
P
<0.0001). By immunohistochemistry, the proteins were expressed in SMCs in normal vessels, but largely absent in human plaques and intimal hyperplasia. Subcellularly, most proteins localized to the cytoskeleton in cultured SMCs and were regulated by active enhancer histone modification H3K27ac by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Functionally, the genes were downregulated by PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor beta) and IFNg (interferron gamma), exposure to shear flow stress, and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) loading. Genetic variants in
PDLIM7, PLN
, and
SYNPO2
loci associated with progression of carotid intima-media thickness in high-risk subjects without symptoms of cardiovascular disease (n=3378). By eQTL (expression quantitative trait locus), rs11746443 also associated with
PDLIM7
expression in plaques. Mechanistically, silencing of
PDLIM7
in vitro led to downregulation of SMC markers and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, decreased cell spreading, and increased proliferation.

Conclusions—

We identified a panel of genes that reflect the altered phenotype of SMCs in vascular disease and could be early sensitive markers of SMC dedifferentiation.