bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pædagogisk kvalitet og det pædagogfaglige fællesskab
Authors: Togsverd Line , Rothuizen Jan Jaap
Published: October 2022

ResumeDenne artikel undersøger pædagogers faglige fællesskab som et fænomen, der har betydning for udøvelsen af god pædagogik. Med afsæt i almenpædagogikken påstår vi, at der er pædagogiske grunde til at kultivere det pædagogfaglige fællesskab, fordi det er her, man kan støtte hinanden i at drage ansvar for den pædagogiske kvalitet. I det pædagogfagligt fællesskab bringes viden i spil, og handlinger og forståelser kvalificeres i mødet med andre forståelser, der åbner for flere nuancer, perspektiver og handlemuligheder i den pædagogiske praksis. I artiklen genbesøger vi empiri og forskningsmæssige erfaringer fra tidligere projekter, hvor vi – i samarbejde med pædagoger - har været optagede af at forstå og begrebssætte, hvad det vil sige at noget er pædagogisk, altså har en pædagogisk kvalitet og beskaffenhed. En genkommende pointe i dette arbejde har været, at det ikke kun er en særlig faglighed, der hører til det pædagogiske. Det er også et pædagogfagligt fællesskab, der kan tage vare på, at pædagogikken undersøges, udøves og udvikles på måder, hvor man støtter hinanden i at finde vej, men også i at holde fagligheden åben, så den kan forme sig i mødet med de altid konkrete og enestående situationer, man er midt i. Artiklen undersøger det pædagogfaglige fællesskab, dets karakter og betydning, med henblik på at udlægge, hvordan det kan forstås, begrundes og praktiseres.

AbstractThe community of professional practitioners in educational practiceIn previous research projects practitioners emphasized the significance of their communities of practitioners for the quality of pedagogical practice. In our current research we examine systematically how this experience of the importance of the community of practitioners can be understood and whether there are theoretical justifications for it. With our stand in general pedagogy (allgemeine Pädagogik) we argue, that the practices of upbringing, education and social pedagogy as such are oriented towards strong values. The translation of those general values in specific situations involves the combination of an analytical understanding of the situation and relevant interpretation of the values at stake. This process can be qualified in a community of professional practitioners. So, an epistemological position that is not unfamiliar in the theory of professions and the distinct stand of pedagogical practice as a value-related practice legitimize the role of the community of practitioners and encourages practitioners to cultivate it.
Konference arrangeret af GymSprog
Authors: Jensen Kjeld Bjerrum
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
The Child's Theory of Mind
Authors: Wellman Henry M. , Carey Susan , Gleitman Lila , Newport Elissa L. , Spelke Elizabeth S.
Published: October 2022

Wellman presents evidence that children as young as age three do possess a commonsense theory of mind—that they grasp the distinction between mental constructs and physical entities and that they have an understanding of the relationship between individuals' mental states and their overt actions. He delves in detail into questions about the nature of adults' commonsense theories of mind and about the nature of commonsense theories.

Wellman then examines the content of the three-year-old's theory of mind, the nature of children's notions of mind before age three, the changes in the theory during subsequent development from ages three to six, and the young child's conception of mind in comparison with those of older children and adults.

Bradford Books imprint
Holes and Other Superficialities
Authors: Casati Roberto , Varzi Achille C.
Published: October 2022

Bradford Books imprint
Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories
Authors: Millikan Ruth Garrett
Published: October 2022

A Bradford Book
The Philosophical Computer
Authors: Grim Patrick , Mar Gary R. , St. Denis Paul
Published: October 2022

The authors present a series of exploratory examples of computer modeling, using a range of computational techniques to illuminate a variety of questions in philosophy and philosophical logic. Topics include self-reference and paradox in fuzzy logics, varieties of epistemic chaos, fractal images of formal systems, and cellular automata models in game theory. Examples in the last category include models for the evolution of generosity, possible causes and cures for discrimination, and the formal undecidability of patterns of social and biological interaction.

The cross-platform CD-ROM provided with the book contains a variety of working examples, in color and often operating dynamically, embedded in a text that parallels that of the book. Source code of all major programs is included to facilitate further research.

Bradford Books imprint
Privacy on the Line
Authors: Diffie Whitfield , Landau Susan
Published: October 2022

A guide to the debate over cryptography policy and the implications for individual privacy. Telecommunication has never been perfectly secure, as a Cold War culture of wiretaps and international spying taught us. Yet many of us still take our privacy for granted, even as we become more reliant than ever on telephones, computer networks, and electronic transactions of all kinds. Whitfield Diffie and Susan Landau argue that if we are to retain the privacy that characterized face-to-face relationships in the past, we must build the means of protecting that privacy into our communication systems.

Diffie and Landau strip away the hype surrounding the policy debate to examine the national security, law enforcement, commercial, and civil liberties issues. They discuss the social function of privacy, how it underlies a democratic society, and what happens when it is lost.
The Unity of the Self
Authors: White Stephen
Published: October 2022

In these essays Stephen White examines the forms of psychological integration that give rise to self-knowable and self-conscious individuals who are responsible, concerned for the future, and capable of moral commitment. The essays cover a wide range of basic issues in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, moral psychology, and political philosophy, providing a coherent, sophisticated, and forcefully argued view of the nature of the self.

Beginning with mental content and ending with Rawls and utilitarianism, each essay argues a distinctive line. Together they are a unified and powerful philosophical position of considerable scope, one that provides a unique vision of the mind, consciousness, personhood, and morality.

White argues that the unity of the self revealed in personal identity and moral responsibility is best understood in normative terms. Basic to such features of the self are the patterns of self-concern in which they are characteristically displayed and the internal justification that supports such concern. The treatment of intentionality and consciousness that grounds this account emphasizes privileged selfknowledge and practical rationality and their corresponding contributions to the unity of the self. A final source of unity emerges from the analysis of our fundamental commitments, an analysis that ensures a central place in moral theory for the notion of the self.

Bradford Books imprint
Anopheles homing suppression drive candidates exhibit unexpected performance differences in simulations with spatial structure
Authors: Champer Samuel E , Kim Isabel K , Clark Andrew G , Messer Philipp W , Champer Jackson
Published: October 2022

Recent experiments have produced several Anopheles gambiae homing gene drives that disrupt female fertility genes, thereby eventually inducing population collapse. Such drives may be highly effective tools to combat malaria. One such homing drive, based on the zpg promoter driving CRISPR/Cas9, was able to eliminate a cage population of mosquitoes. A second version, purportedly improved upon the first by incorporating an X-shredder element (which biases inheritance towards male offspring), was similarly successful. Here, we analyze experimental data from each of these gene drives to extract their characteristics and performance parameters and compare these to previous interpretations of their experimental performance. We assess each suppression drive within an individual-based simulation framework that models mosquito population dynamics in continuous space. We find that the combined homing/X-shredder drive is actually less effective at population suppression within the context of our mosquito population model. In particular, the combined drive often fails to completely suppress the population, instead resulting in an unstable equilibrium between drive and wild-type alleles. By contrast, otherwise similar drives based on the nos promoter may prove to be more promising candidates for future development than originally thought.
Effects of jasmonic acid in foliar spray and an humic acid amendment to saline soils on forage sorghum plants’ growth and antioxidant defense system
Authors: Ali Adam Yousif Adam , Zhou Guisheng , Elsiddig Aboagla Mohammed , Zhu Guanglong , Meng Tianyao , Jiao Xiurong , Ahmed Irshad , Ibrahim Salih Ebtehal Gabralla , Ibrahim Muhi Eldeen Hussien
Published: October 2022

Salinity is one of the primary abiotic stresses that cause negative physiological and biochemical changes due to the oxidative stress caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effect of jasmonic acid (JA) as foliar spray and humic acid (HA) as soil amendment on the growth and biochemical attributes of forage sorghum plants exposed to salinity stress was investigated. Soil treated with NaCl at levels of 0, 2, and 4 g NaCl kg−1 dry soil (designated as S0, S1, and S2) and soil amendment with humic acid at 0, 3, and 6 g HA kg−1 dry soil (designated as HA0, HA1, and HA2). The plants were sprayed with three JA levels, including 0, 5, and 10 mM JA. Salinity stress increased carotenoid and soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In contrast, salinity stress reduced plant height, leaf area, relative growth rate, proline content, and the activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). At the S2 salinity level, HA2 rate increased plant high by 9.7%, relative growth rate by 70.8% and CAT by 45.5, while HA1 increased leaf area by 12.5%, chlorophyll content by 22.3%, carotenoid content by 38.1%, SOD activity by 20.9%, MDA content by 18.0%, POD activity by 24.6% and APX value by 21.7%. At the S2 salinity level, the highest plant height, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and APX value were recorded at 5 mM JA, while the highest leaf area, the content of carotenoid, proline, and MDA, and the activity of POD and CAT were achieved at 10 mM JA. Generally, 10 mM JA and 3 g HA kg−1 dry soil produced the best positive effects on forage sorghum plants physiological responses. Our study suggested that jasmonic acid and humic acid at appropriate rates can successfully mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress on forage sorghum.
Virulence characteristics of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and its genetic diversity by EST-SSR analyses
Authors: Zhang Yazhao , Wu Xianxin , Wang Wanlin , Xu Yiwei , Sun Huiyan , Cao Yuanyin , Li Tianya , Karimi-Jashni Mansoor
Published: October 2022

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (an obligate biotrophic pathogen) is a worldwide threat to wheat production that occurs over a wide geographic area in China. For monitoring genetic variation and virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Sichuan in 2015, 31 wheat lines with known Powdery mildew resistance genes and 2 EST-SSR markers were used to characterize the virulence and genetic diversity. Results indicated that 90% of all isolates were virulent on Pm3c, Pm3e, Pm3f, Pm4a, Pm5, Pm6 (Timgalen), Pm7, Pm16, Pm19, and Pm1 + 2 + 9 and 62.6% to 89.9% of isolates were virulent on Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3d, Pm4b, Pm6 (Coker747), Pm8, Pm17, Pm20, Pm23, Pm30, Pm4 + 8, Pm5 + 6, Pm4b + mli, Pm2 + mld, Pm4 + 2X, Pm2 + 6. The Pm13 and PmXBD genes were effective against most collected isolates from Liaoning and Heilongjiang Provinces. Only Pm21 exhibited an immune infection response to all isolates. Furthermore, closely related isolates within each region were distinguished by cluster analyses using EST-SSR representing some gene exchanges and genetic relationships between the flora in Northeast China (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and Sichuan. Only 45% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and the frequency of virulence gene data. However, the EST-SSR polymorphism of isolated genes did not correspond to the virulence diversity of isolates in the single-gene lineage identification of hosts.
The Effect of Profitability and Leverage on LQ-45 Indexed Firm Value Before and During the Pandemic
Authors: Paulus . , Komalasari Agrianti , Octavia Reni
Published: October 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has had an economic impact, including companies listed on the stock exchange. The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence whether profitability and leverage have a positive effect before and during the covid-19 pandemic. The population of this study are companies listed on the LQ45 index. This study is a quantitative study with 90 observational data with an observation period of 2018 to 2021. The results showed that before the pandemic, profitability had a positive effect on firm value, leverage and firm size had no effect on firm value. During the pandemic, profitability and leverage have a positive effect on firm value, but size has no effect on firm value. In an additional test using the Paired Sample T-Test method, it showed that there was a significant average decrease in profitability, leverage, and firm value. However, in the LQ45 indexed firm size, there was no significant difference before and during the pandemic.
Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Callinectes sapidus from Iko River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ubong U. U. , Ekwere I. O.
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) in the study area and evaluating the human health risk of their consumption. The tissues of concern were the gills, muscles and hepatopancreas in the male and female crab species, while the heavy metals assessed were Cd, Ni and Pb. Heavy metals levels in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus ranged as follow: Ni: hepatopancreas (182.97–313.53 mg/kg), gills (129.93–192.14mg/kg), muscles (93.09–165.84 mg/kg); Pb: hepatopancreas (22.86–39.65 mg/kg), gills (13.46–21.35 mg/kg), muscles (2.73 – 6.32 mg/kg); Cd: hepatopancreas (2.04 –9.03 mg/kg), gills (0.12–4.995 mg/kg), muscles (0.105–2.835 mg/kg), respectively. The highest metal concentrations were observed in the hepatopancreas tissue and in the female of the crab species. Furthermore, the metals’ levels were generally higher than the permissible level by FAO/WHO in seafood. To assess the heavy metals health risk to the inhabitants of the study area, the daily intake of metal (DIM) and total hazard Quotient (THQ) were estimated and were found to exceed the recommended values. The results reflect the risk of exposure for the period of life expectancy considered, and revealed that the inhabitants of the study area are highly exposed to the health risks associated with             these metals.
Assessment of Quantitative Serum SARS-CoV-2-IgM Antibodies in Febrile Children and It`s Relation to Radiological Findings in Tanta University Hospital
Authors: Zahra Dina Amin Adel , Abdelrazek Ahmed Mohamed , Mabrouk Maaly Mohammed , Hamza Mohamed Basiony
Published: October 2022

Background: Serological testing is urgently required since COVID-19 is the pandemic that is spreading the fastest in recent times, Although RT-PCR is an effective and specific method for diagnosing acute patients, serological tools are urgently required for examining antibody responses and evaluating both individual and prospective herd immunity. The aim of this study was divided into primary objectives were to assess serum IgM antibodies for SARS-Cov-2 in febrile children attending ER in Tanta University Hospital and secondary objectives were to assess computed tomography (CT) findings in febrile SARS-Cov-2 IgM antibody-positive individuals.

Methods: This cross-section study was carried out on sixty children presented by fever with any respiratory symptom as cough and dyspnea and fever with non-respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. The patients were divided into three equal groups: group 1: included healthy children, group 2: included febrile children with respiratory symptoms as cough and dyspnea and group3: included febrile children with fever alone or with non-respiratory symptoms as Gastrointestinal symptoms as vomiting and diarrhea, cutaneous manifestations as rash, and CNS manifestations.

Results: IgM were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups, significantly higher in group III compared to group I (P value <0.001).CO-RADS 2,4 and 5 were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups, CO-RADS 3 was insignificantly different between groups II and III. Patients with positive CXR at time of presentation were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups. (P value 0.005).

Conclusions: In children with COVID-19, Serum IgM to SARS-COV-2 was significantly higher in febrile children in Tanta University during the period from March 2021 to February 2022. According to CT findings, CO-RADS 2,4 and 5 were significantly higher in febrile patients with positive SARS-Cov-2 serum Igm Ab.
Mobile-base Registration System for Blood Donation (MBRS-BD)
Authors: Shukur Ban Salman , Mijwil Maad M. , Al-Sammarraie Najeeb Abbs
Published: October 2022

In the healthcare management domain, blood donation receives a particular interest due to its crucial and vital importance in saving people’s lives. In Iraq, the blood donation procedure usually consumes a lot of time for donors as it is carried out through a non-automated and paper-based process, which is done only in hospitals/ medical centers for those who are willing to donate. Patients who are in a need for blood donation may have to wait until they receive the service, and this may results in dramatic or undesired consequences. At the same, the blood donation procedure negatively affects people who are willing or wish to donate blood and mostly leads to ignore this matter by a lot of them unless there is a critical situation concerning one of their family members.  This paper propose a Mobile-Base Registration System for Blood Donation (MBRS_BD) using Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) to manage the process of donor’s registration automatically using a smartphone to simulate, ease, and minimize the time required for that.  Donor can register in any available Iraqi hospitals/ medical center using MBRS-BD and go in the exact time to complete his/her donation process.
Fixed Point Theorems for Mappings Satisfying Implicit Relation in Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Bhardwaj Preeti , Kumar Manoj
Published: October 2022

In this manuscript, we shall introduce the implicit relation on \(\mathbb{R}_+\)4. Using this implicit relation, we shall prove fixed point and common fixed point theorems on partial metric spaces.
Trends in the Association Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events, 1994-2019
Authors: Ke Calvin , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Weisman Alanna , Zhou Limei , Austin Peter C. , Shah Baiju R. , Booth Gillian L.
Published: October 2022

This study uses administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada, to assess whether changes in diabetes management practices have affected trends in the association between diabetes vs prior cardiovascular disease and risk of cardiovascular events from 1994 to 2019 among adults aged 20 to 84 years.
Effect of Personalized Outreach on Medicaid to Marketplace Coverage Transitions
Authors: Ravel Katie , Ahrary Jahan , Avakian Karen , Feher Andrew , Menashe Isaac
Published: October 2022

This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of email reminders, personalized telephone outreach, and a combination of both on Affordable Care Act enrollment among households who recently lost Medicaid and became eligible for subsidized marketplace coverage in 2017 in California.
Incidence and Survival in Synchronous and Metachronous Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reboux Noémi , Jooste Valérie , Goungounga Juste , Robaszkiewicz Michel , Nousbaum Jean-Baptiste , Bouvier Anne-Marie
Published: October 2022

Importance

Although treatment and prognosis of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer are relatively well known, a comparative description of the incidence, epidemiological features, and outcomes of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases is lacking. The difference in prognosis between patients with synchronous and metachronous liver metastases is controversial.

Objective

To investigate temporal patterns in the incidence and outcomes of synchronous vs metachronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used information from a French regional digestive cancer registry accounting for 1 082 000 inhabitants. A total of 26 813 patients with a diagnosis of incident colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 2018, were included. Data were analyzed from February 7 to May 20, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Age-standardized incidence was calculated. Univariate and multivariate net survival analyses were performed.

Results

Of 26 813 patients with colorectal cancer (15 032 men [56.1%]; median [IQR] age, 73 [64-81] years), 4546 (17.0%) presented with synchronous liver metastases. The incidence rate of synchronous liver metastases was 6.9 per 100 000 inhabitants in men and 3.4 per 100 000 inhabitants in women, with no significant variation since 2000. The 5-year cumulative incidence of metachronous liver metastases decreased from 18.6% (95% CI, 14.9%-22.2%) during the 1976 to 1980 period to 10.0% (95% CI, 8.8%-11.2%) during the 2006 to 2011 period. Cancer stage at diagnosis was the strongest risk factor for liver metastases; compared with patients diagnosed with stage II cancer, patients with stage III cancer had a 2-fold increase in risk (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.08-2.82) for up to 5 years. Net survival at 1 year was 41.8% for synchronous liver metastases and 49.9% for metachronous metastases, and net survival at 5 years was 6.2% for synchronous liver metastases and 13.2% for metachronous metastases. Between the first (1976-1980) and last (2011-2016) periods, the adjusted ratio of death after synchronous and metachronous metastases was divided by 2.5 for patients with synchronous status and 3.7 for patients with metachronous status.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the incidence of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases changed little over time, whereas there was a 2-fold decrease in the probability of developing metachronous liver metastases. Survival improved substantially for patients with metachronous liver metastases, whereas improvement was more modest for those with synchronous metastases. The differences observed in the epidemiological features of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer may be useful for the design of future clinical trials.
Feasibility of radical cardiac‐sparing, treatment planning strategies for patients with locally advanced, non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Joshua P. , Dewalt Jake , Feldman Aharon , Adil Khaled , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin J.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

A set of treatment planning strategies were designed and retrospectively implemented for locally advanced, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to minimize cardiac dose without compromising target coverage goals.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed for 20 NSCLC patients prescribed to 60–66 Gy that received a mean heart dose (MHD) ≥10 Gy. Three planning approaches were designed and implemented. The first was a multi‐isocentric (MI) volume‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) approach (HEART_MI) with one isocenter located within the tumor and the second chosen up to 10 cm away longitudinally. The second was a noncoplanar (NCP) VMAT approach (HEART_NCP) utilizing up to three large couch angles and a standard arc at couch 0. The final planning strategy took a mixed approach (HEART_HYBRID) utilizing the HEART_NCP strategy for two thirds of the treatment combined with a plan utilizing a pair of opposite‐opposed gantry angles for the remaining treatments. Investigational plans were compared to original plans using dose–volume histogram metrics such as organ volume receiving greater than x Gy (Vx) or mean dose (Dmean).

Results

Although there was a small but statistically significant decrease in internal target volume coverage for HEART_MI plans and, conversely, a statistically significant increase for HEART_NCP plans, all generated plans met physician‐prescribed target constraints. For heart dose, there were statistically significant decreases in all heart metrics and particularly MHD for the HEART_MI (9.8 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001], respectively), HEART_NCP (9.2 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001]), respectively), and HEART_HYBRID (7.9 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001], respectively) strategies.

Conclusions

The strategy providing the best compromise between plan quality and cardiac dose reduction was HEART_NCP, which produced MHD reductions of 37.6% ± 12.9% (6.2 ± 3.4 Gy) relative to original plans. This strategy could potentially reduce adverse cardiac events, leading to improved quality of life for these patients.
In wake of dropped case, prescribers may be less likely to be prosecuted
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

In 2019, a federal grand jury indicted a pharmaceutical distributor, Ohio‐based Miami‐Luken Inc., two former officials, and two pharmacists with conspiring to distribute controlled substances. But in August 2022, the Department of Justice dismissed four of the indictments and vacated the previously entered guilty plea for the fifth. The reason was because of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Ruan (see Supreme Court rejects standard underlying prosecutions of opioid prescribers, ADAW July 11, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33491), which determined that in order to be found guilty of distributing controlled substances illegally, prescribers needed to be proven to have an intent to do so.
Gene editing can reverse effects of binge drinking in teen rats
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

Anxiety and excessive drinking in adolescents could be reversed by gene editing, according to a study in rats conducted by researchers funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). For the study, published in the May 2022 issue of Science Advances, NIAAA grantee Subhash C. Pandey Ph.D., researchers built on earlier work connecting one specific gene to anxiety and excessive drinking. The study is part of a series of investigations on how binge drinking in adolescents creates changes in the brain that lead to increased anxiety and excessive drinking in adulthood. The cause is epigenetic changes, which are changes in the expression of DNA.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Pyrite/Naringin/Brushite Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhao Santuan , Feng Shaobin , Li Xiaofang , Pei Zhengjun , Xi Lifeng , Zhang Zilin , Li Guangda
Published: October 2022

Herein, pyrite‐leaching liquid and naringin‐loaded microspheres are incorporated into brushite to prepare composite scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic properties in vitro for bone tissue engineering. The results reveal that the loading of these two medicines has no significant effect on the crystalline phase of the composite, while some changes happen to the chemical groups when the dosage of the microspheres is controlled within 1.5 wt%. After soaking in phosphate buffer for 24 days, the composite containing 0%, 0.38 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.50 wt% naringin‐loaded microspheres show a weight loss rate of 19.28%, 18.81%, 16.92%, and 14.14%, respectively. Simultaneously, the soaking assay reveals that the release of naringin and Fe are both kept within a safe level. A burst release of naringin is avoided since the highest concentration of naringin is detected on day 12 after immersion. The cell experiments show that all the composites have no toxicity to osteoblasts and allow the cells to grow on the surface. Furthermore, adding naringin‐loaded microspheres to the composite (0.75–1.5 wt%) promotes the mineralization ability and the alkaline phosphatase activity of the osteoblasts. Thus, the novel pyrite/naringin/brushite composite scaffold has the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering.
A Universal Cl‐PEDOT Coating Strategy Based on Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition toward Solar‐Driven Multifunctional Energy Management
Authors: Ping Zhongxin , Fang Hao , Wang Kunpeng , Zhang Hui , Li Shikuo , Chen Jun , Huang Fangzhi
Published: October 2022

Converting renewable solar energy into manageable thermal energy is significant for diverse applications. Nevertheless, integrating multifunctional solar‐to‐heat coating on various substrates and achieving large‐scale manufacture remains a challenge. Herein, Cl− doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (Cl‐PEDOT) coating on multiple substrates is successfully created using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) without to be restricted to the changeable substrate surface chemistry (e.g., wettability), sizes as well as dimensions (2D–3D). Partial Cl− doping and spontaneously formed microstructures can remarkably enhance near‐infrared absorption and hydrophilicity of coating. The Cl‐PEDOT coating manifests many advantages: universality, scalability, low‐cost, high efficiency, and stability. When used for solar steam generation, all Cl‐PEDOT coated substrates represent reinforced evaporation performance. The universality makes it possible to optimize the evaporator performance by structural design. Structural design as optimized energy flow enables the pyramid array wood‐based evaporator to set an evaporation record (≈1.19 kg m−2 h−1, ≈91%) under the weak‐light (0.5 sun). Moreover, a greenhouse and a crude‐oil cleaner are designed to achieve eco‐friendly, energy‐saving solar‐driven heating/dehumidification, and crude‐oil recovery without additional energy input. This study reveals that well‐designed oCVD is a simple and straightforward way to engineer lightweight and thermally insulating polymers into multifunctional solar‐to‐thermal composites toward diverse solar‐driven applications.
Slippage on Porous Spherical Superhydrophobic Surface Revolutionizes Heat Transfer of Non‐Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Luo Zhongfan , Dong Peishi , Wang Shanshan , Ji Xiaoyan , Zhu Jiahua , Lu Xiaohua , Mu Liwen
Published: October 2022

In this study, a new strategy to achieve high‐efficient heat transfer for non‐Newtonian fluids with slippage using a stably prepared superhydrophobic coating is presented. A superhydrophobic coating is prepared on the inner surface of a sleeve at specific shear stress. The slippage and heat‐transfer processes of the typical non‐Newtonian fluid–1% carboxymethyl cellulose solutions on the superhydrophobic coating are investigated simultaneously. A novel porous spherical type of superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 168° is obtained. It is found that the shear stress in electrodeposition is a key parameter to control the morphology and wetting ability of the superhydrophobic coating. The slip length and enhancement factor of heat transfer for the non‐Newtonian fluid on the coating are found in a range of 20–900 µm and 1.47 experimentally. A new parameter is proposed as Reynolds number Re divided by the dimensionless slip length ls* (Re/ls*) for the heat‐transfer enhancement with slippage, which can be used as the guide for designing coating and selecting the operating conditions. The Re/ls* is <4, which can enhance the heat transfer via the slippage.
Optical Tissue Phantoms for Quantitative Evaluation of Surgical Imaging Devices
Authors: Dinh Jason , Yamashita Atsushi , Kang Homan , Gioux Sylvain , Choi Hak Soo
Published: October 2022

Optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) have been extensively applied to the evaluation of imaging systems and surgical training. Due to their human tissue‐mimicking characteristics, OTPs can provide accurate optical feedback on the performance of image‐guided surgical instruments, simulating the biological sizes and shapes of human organs, and preserving similar haptic responses of original tissues. This review summarizes the essential components of OTPs (i.e., matrix, scattering and absorbing agents, and fluorophores) and the various manufacturing methods currently used to create suitable tissue‐mimicking phantoms. As photobleaching is a major challenge in OTP fabrication and its feedback accuracy, phantom photostability and how the photobleaching phenomenon can affect their optical properties are discussed. Consequently, the need for novel photostable OTPs for the quantitative evaluation of surgical imaging devices is emphasized.
Photoredox/Ti Dual‐Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of Cyclobutanone Oximes for γ‐Cyanoalkyl Radical Generation: Access to Cyanoalkyl‐Substituted Oxoindolines
Authors: Yuan Weidong , Qu Anling , Li Yan , Li Huaigui , Chen Kang , Zhu Yingguang
Published: October 2022

In this work, we have established a photoredox/Ti dual‐catalyzed dehydroxylation of cyclobutanone oximes. The resulting γ‐cyanoalkyl radicals undergo a cascade radical addition/cyclization with N‐acrylamides to afford cyanoalkyl substituted oxoindolines under mild conditions. This reaction also exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, it is applicable to late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules and gram‐scale synthesis, which illustrates its potential value in organic synthesis.

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On‐farm cropping sensor‐based smart device for cutting energy measurement of cereal crops
Authors: Shivashimpar Anand , Parray Roaf Ahmad , Mani Indra , Kushwaha HL , Lande Satish , Mirzakhaninafchi Hasan , Khura Tapan , Sarkar Susheel , Pandey Renu
Published: October 2022

A device was developed for on‐field cutting energy measurement of cereal crops. Physical, engineering, and anatomical properties of prominent rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of India were studied at different stem positions using a factorial CRD design. The effects of changes in different operational parameters, including blade bevel angle (15°, 20°, and 25°), cutting angle (25°, 30°, and 35°) and cutting velocity (2.9, 3.44, and 4.1 m s−1) on cutting force and cutting energy of rice stalk were also studied. Cutting angle indicated the angle of inclination of cutting edge to the horizontal at blade‐crop interface. The assessment of these properties and parameters in relation to crop cutting energy, led to the development of a smart device for energy measurement up to a size of three skills. This device consisted of a compression system, crop holding unit, cutting unit, and sensors to measure the force, speed, and cutting height. The device's measurement abilities were evaluated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stalks at different cutting speeds (0.83, 1.16, and 1.5 m s−1 and stem heights (10, 20, and 30 cm from ground). Values for cutting force and energy ranged from 1.85 to 1.45 N and 10.81 to 8.48 N mm–1, respectively. At all stem heights, the cutting force and cutting energy ranged from 1.79 to 1.44 N and 11.92 to 6.74 N mm–1, respectively. The ultrasonic sensor provided real time cutting height data with an accuracy of 97.5%, while the gyroscope sensor had an accuracy of 94.29% for on‐field cutting angle measurement.
Quality‐by‐control of intensified continuous filtration‐drying of active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Destro Francesco , Barolo Massimiliano , Nagy Zoltan K.
Published: October 2022

Continuous manufacturing and closed‐loop quality control are emerging technologies that are pivotal for next‐generation pharmaceutical modernization. We develop a process control framework for a continuous carousel for integrated filtration‐drying of crystallization slurries. The proposed control system includes model‐based monitoring and control routines, such as state estimation and real‐time optimization, implemented in a hierarchical, three‐layer quality‐by‐control (QbC) framework. We implement the control system in ContCarSim, a publicly available carousel simulator. We benchmark the proposed control system against simpler methods, comprising a reduced subset of the elements of the overall control system, and against open‐loop operation (the current standard in pharmaceutical manufacturing). The proposed control system demonstrates superior performance in terms of higher consistency in product quality and increased productivity, proving the benefits of closed‐loop control and of model‐based techniques in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This study represents a step forward toward end‐to‐end continuous pharmaceutical processing, and in the evolution of quality‐by‐design toward quality‐by‐control.
An Implantable Polydopamine Nanoparticle‐in‐Nanofiber Device for Synergistic Cancer Photothermal/Chemotherapy
Authors: Du Tianyi , Yang Ting , Xu Ling , Li Xilin , Yang Guang , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2022

It remains a great challenge to accurately deliver the therapeutic agents to tumor lesions to enhance the antitumor efficacy and reduce side effects. Herein, an implantable polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticle‐in‐nanofiber device for the local combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy against cancer is developed. This local antitumor system can continuously release the small‐sized PDA nanoparticles with tumor targeting and superior photothermal conversion capability, which can penetrate deep into the tumor tissue. Under near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, a relatively mild photothermal treatment would be implemented, which could further assist the penetration of PDA nanoparticles and promote the therapeutic agent release, achieving the synergism of localized PTT and sustainable chemotherapy.
Biochemical Characterization of Rare and Threatened Local Populations of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivated in the Arid Region of Southern Tunisia
Authors: Mohamed Amina , Tlahig Samir , Moussa Jamila Yehmed , Yahia Leila Ben , Bouhamda Talel , Loumerem Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume for human and animal consumption, cultivated in many temperate regions of the world. In the present investigation, the seeds of twelve pea accessions collected from the arid regions of southern Tunisia, characterized by different colors of flowers and seed coats, were evaluated for their proteins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. The protein content determined by the Bradford method ranged from 46.91 to 151.08 mg/g DW. The content of total phenol, total flavonoid and condensed tannin, ranging from 36.85 to 102.52 mg GAE/100 g DW, 6.95 to 48.11 mg QE/100 g DW, and 12.37 to 70.43 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively. These parameters were characterized respectively by the following three methods, the Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent, the aluminum chloride and the vanillin assay. The LC‐ESI/MS analysis identified the presence of 8 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids which quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, hyperoside, and quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnosidewere detected as the most abundant compounds. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of pea seeds was evaluated by the ABTS+and DPPH tests. Indeed, DPPH and ABTS anti‐free radical activity values ranged from 1.92 to 14.11 μmoL TEAC/g DW and 2.3 to 14.95 μmoL TEAC/g DW, respectively. The variability across the assessed traits revealed significant differences as computed by ANOVA tests. Else, the results showed significant correlations between seed coat color, seed shape, flower color and phenolic compounds. Therefore, genotypes characterized by a purple flower, brown seed coat, and wrinkled form had the highest levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis revealed that phenolic compounds presented a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activities, while being negatively correlated with protein content. UPGMA cluster and Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two main groups. This work highlights the nutritional value of P. sativum seeds as a good source of natural antioxidant compounds that may be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular tropism and direct multiorgan failure in COVID‐19 patients: Bioinformatic predictions, experimental observations, and open questions
Authors: Valyaeva Anna A. , Zharikova Anastasia A. , Sheval Eugene V.
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has led to an unprecedented public health emergency worldwide. While common cold symptoms are observed in mild cases, COVID‐19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure in severe patients. Organ damage in COVID‐19 patients is partially associated with the indirect effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (e.g., systemic inflammation, hypoxic‐ischemic damage, coagulopathy), but early processes in COVID‐19 patients that trigger a chain of indirect effects are connected with the direct infection of cells by the virus. To understand the virus transmission routes and the reasons for the wide‐spectrum of complications and severe outcomes of COVID‐19, it is important to identify the cells targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2. This review summarizes the major steps of investigation and the most recent findings regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular tropism and the possible connection between the early stages of infection and multiorgan failure in COVID‐19. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is the first epidemic in which data extracted from single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) gene expression data sets have been widely used to predict cellular tropism. The analysis presented here indicates that the SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular tropism predictions are accurate enough for estimating the potential susceptibility of different cells to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; however, it appears that not all susceptible cells may be infected in patients with COVID‐19.
Lithotripsy for calcified in‐stent restenosis. The “rock strata peeling pattern”: A novel fracture pattern detected by optical coherence tomography
Authors: del Val David , Cuesta Javier , Roquero Pilar , Alfonso Fernando
Published: October 2022

Calcified neoatherosclerosis represents a particularly challenging scenario in patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR), frequently associated with worse angiographic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results compared with other patients with typical ISR. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has emerged as a safe and effective technology to circumferentially modify calcium in heavily calcified coronary lesions. Preliminary data also suggest its usefulness in calcified neoatheroscerosis. This case report aims to describe a novel fracture pattern after IVL identified by OCT (the “rock strata peeling pattern”) in patients presenting with ISR due to calcified neoatherosclerosis.
Feasibility of facilitated antegrade dissection with Stingray‐based re‐entry for coronary chronic total occlusions with previously stented graft‐to‐native‐vessel anastomoses
Authors: Parfrey Shane , Mozid Abdul
Published: October 2022

Facilitated antegrade dissection re‐entry (F‐ADR) is a technique described for treating post coronary artery bypass surgery chronic total occlusions (CTO) when there is flush occlusion of the distal cap of the CTO at the vein graft anastomosis. In this scenario retrograde access is usually impossible and if antegrade wiring fails, F‐ADR is then the best option. Following antegrade dissection past the anastomosis, a balloon is delivered via the vein graft and inflated in the native vessel distal to the anastomosis to facilitate re‐entry using a Stingray catheter. However, the applicability and outcome of this technique have not been described in cases where the graft to native vessel anastomosis has previously been stented. We report a case series of successful CTO recanalization using F‐ADR across stented graft‐native vessel anastomoses.
Analysis and Optimization of Multistage Tesla Valves by Computational Fluid Dynamics and a Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Babaoğlu Nihan Uygur , Parvaz Farzad , Foroozesh Jamal , Hosseini Seyyed Hossein , Ahmadi Goodarz , Elsayed Khairy
Published: October 2022

The multistage Tesla valve was optimized by minimizing the forward pressure drop (FPD) and maximizing the reverse pressure drop (RPD). First, computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted; then, surrogate‐based optimization was done. Finally, an explicit correlation between the objective functions and the variables was developed to estimate the target functions directly. The results showed that decreasing the valve‐to‐valve distance over the hydraulic diameter (G/Dh) maximizes the diodicity (Di) and minimizes the FPD. When an increase in the RPD is desired, the Reynolds number (Re) should be increased, which leads to an increase in the FPD. The maximized Di value is 1.811 for Dh = 0.821, G/Dh = 0.993, N = 16, tan(α) = 0.848, and Re = 173.03. However, the minimum value of the FPD and the maximum RPD were found as 194.72 Pa and 352.69 Pa, respectively.
Fever in nonneutropenic children with cancer: Risk stratification is important but challenging
Authors: Castejon‐Ramirez Sandra , Wolf Joshua
Published: October 2022

Risk stratification for nonneutropenic fever episodes in patients with cancer is important but challenging. Recent research is a step in the right direction and more is needed.
Far Red‐Shifted CdTe Quantum Dots for Multicolour Stimulated Emission Depletion Nanoscopy
Authors: Alvelid Jonatan , Bucci Andrea , Testa Ilaria
Published: October 2022

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is a widely used nanoscopy technique. Two‐colour STED imaging in fixed and living cells is standardised today utilising both fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins. Solutions to image additional colours have been demonstrated using spectral unmixing, photobleaching steps, or long‐Stokes‐shift dyes. However, these approaches often compromise speed, spatial resolution, and image quality, and increase complexity. Here, we present multicolour STED nanoscopy with far red‐shifted semiconductor CdTe quantum dots (QDs). STED imaging of the QDs is optimized to minimize blinking effects and maximize the number of detected photons. The far‐red and compact emission spectra of the investigated QDs free spectral space for the simultaneous use of fluorescent dyes, enabling straightforward three‐colour STED imaging with a single depletion beam. We use our method to study the internalization of QDs in cells, opening up the way for future super‐resolution studies of particle uptake and internalization.
Revealing the Electrochemistry of Solid‐State Li‐SeS2 Battery via In‐Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wang Zaifa , Guo Baiyu , Yan Jitong , Zhang Ziqi , Su Yong , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Liqiang , Zhu Lingyun , Huang Jianyu
Published: October 2022

SexSy is considered as a promising cathode material as it can deliver higher energy density than selenium (Se) and offer improved conductivity and enhanced reaction kinetics compared with S. However, the electrochemistry of the Li‐SeS2 all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) has not been well understood to date. Herein the electrochemistry of Li‐SeS2 battery was revealed by in‐situ transmission electron microscopy. The charge products were phase‐separated Se and S, rather than the widely believed SeS2. Among the various SexSy cathodes, SeS2 achieved the best electrochemical performance. The Li‐SeS2 ASSB delivered a high reversible capacity of 1052 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 350 cycles, and a high areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2 was also achieved with a high cathode mass loading of 7.6 mg cm−2. These results represent the best performance achieved to date in the Li‐SeS2 ASSB and brings us one step closer toward its practical applications.