bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chicken Cooked by Saudi Traditional Methods and Their Dietary Risk Assessment
Authors: A. Al Sayari Abdullah , A. Almutairi Mohammed , S. Alsaleem Turki , Abu Hamrh Turki , Al Thenyian Naseer , I. Al Tamim Abdullah , Alowaifeer Abdullah
Published: April 2023

This study evaluates the formation of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chicken thighs and breasts, cooked by different methods. These methods are: madhbi, charcoal mandi, electric oven mandi, gas flame oven mandi and shawaya. Chicken samples were collected from a restaurant in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the samples was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The data obtained showed that madhbi chicken had higher PAHs levels than other cooking styles, with the mean concentration in chicken breast of 87.72 µg/kg and thigh of 75.56 µg/kg. Phenanthrene was the compound detected at the highest concentration in different cooking methods. There was no significant difference in concentration of PAHs between the parts of chicken cooked with the same method. However, the method of cooking had a significant impact on the formation of PHAs. Therefore, the formation of PAHs in chicken meat could be reduced by choosing appropriate cooking methods. Moreover, the margin of exposure was used to assess the health risk in adults due to madhbi chicken ingestion. The results showed that there is no serious health concern.
Experimental Study and Modelling of the Sublimation and Desorption Periods for Freeze Drying of Apple, Banana and Strawberry
Authors: Reale Vıctor A. , Irigoyen R. Martin , Giner Sergio A.
Published: April 2023

Slices of fresh apple, banana and strawberry were frozen at -20 oC and freeze-dried using a shelf temperature of 40 oC. Theoretical expressions were proposed to predict vapor transfer kinetics during the primary and secondary drying stages. In the former, a model that predicts the sublimation rate as a function of time, considering the increasing dried layer thickness, was used, which improves greatly the sublimation time equation offered in several textbooks without adding much complexity. In the latter, an analytical solution of the unsteady state diffusion equation was applied. Permeabilities were determined for the primary drying model at an absolute pressure of about 30 Pa, though the relevant kinetic coefficient combines permeability and the mass of ice to sublime relative to the dry matter (sublimation kinetic coefficient). In the secondary drying stage, diffusion coefficients of vapor in the dried layer were in the order of 10−09 m2s−1 for pressures of about 3-5 Pa. In both periods, agreement of predicted and experimental values was more than satisfactory. A minimum freeze-drying time of 12, 6.8 and 8.7 h, considering a final moisture content of 4% w/w, was calculated for apple, banana and strawberry, respectively. Normalized drying curves showed a faster sublimation rate for banana, intermediate for strawberry and slowest for apple. On the other hand, desorption curves showed a faster desorption rate for apple, intermediate for banana and slower for strawberry. In each period, the ordering of the relevant kinetic coefficients (sublimation and diffusion coefficients, respectively) represented the ordering of experimental curves.
Variation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Tomato Under Different Traditional Forms of Conservation
Authors: Nanelo Rafael , José António Elísio
Published: April 2023

Tomato is a fruit rich in vitamins and minerals, contains vitamin C and flavonoids, which prevent heart disease, strokes, chickenpox and cancer. In the world, tomato is considered as one of the main popular fresh products. Inappropriate storage can cause high losses in quantity and quality. Storage mechanisms, as well as, conservation methods can play a significant role to reduce postharvest losses by maintaining products and ingredients in an environment that protects their integrity. Drying, curing and freezing are some methods of conservation. The study evaluated the physicochemical quality of tomato, variety CAL J, exposed to different conservation techniques and environment. This study used a 2x3 factorial design with 6 treatments: A, tomato stored at room temperature (25±1 °C) without acidification; B, acidified tomato (pH=3.2) stored at room temperature (25±1 °C); C, tomato stored in a refrigerator (8°C) without acidification; D, acidified tomato (pH=3.2) stored in a refrigerator (8 °C); E, tomato stored in an underground silo (19±1°C) without acidification; and F, acidified tomato (pH=3.2) stored in an underground silo (19±1 °C). They were evaluated over 60 days, for moisture, titratable acidity soluble solids (oBrix), and lycopene content Data were analysed with R at the 95% confidence level. Moisture ranged from 29.7% to 82.8%, °Brix 1.9 to 7.1, pH 3.17 to 4.02, titratable acidity 0.2 to 1.9% and lycopene 15.41 to 51.74 µg/g. All treatments of the tomatoes showed stability of its properties. The greatest conservation was with treatments A and B.
Effect of Fish Gelatin on the Characteristics of Horn Plantain Banana (Musa paradis´ıaca fa. Corniculata)-based Ice Cream
Authors: Kurniasari Ratih , Sabrina Sabrina , Nabila Salma Annisa , Syahbanu Fathma
Published: April 2023

Ice cream is a frozen dairy product that includes healthy and nutritious aspects. To improve the value of the health benefits, it is necessary to develop functional ice cream products. One such addition is horn plantain bananas, which have the benefit of having a high dietary fibre and pectin content. In order to make ice cream, gelatin must be used as a stabilizer. The increase of non-halal gelatin has led to improvements in the production of halal gelatin derived from fish. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding fish gelatin to the characteristics of plantain banana (Musa paradisiaca fa. Corniculata)-based ice cream. This study used a pre-experimental design with a fully randomized design and one component, the addition of varying quantities of fish gelatin (A1: 0 %, A2: 0.25 %, and A3: 0.5 %) with three replicates. The characteristics (taste, fragrance, texture, and colour), melting time, and overrun were evaluated. The Duncan Multiple Range Test as post-hoc test was used to continue ANOVA-based data analysis. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of fish gelatin at various levels did not significantly alter the degree of preference for colour, fragrance, flavour, or overrun. Texture and melting time were different (p <0.05). According to this study, the ice cream that the panellists preferred had an average overrun value of 52.67 ± 9.87, a melting time of 26.0 ± 0.1 minutes, and was made using the A3 formulation with 0.5 % fish gelatin.
Molecular dynamics study on the surface tension of succinic acid-water nano-aerosol droplets
Authors: Zhang Chao , Bu Long-Xiang , Zhang Zhi-Chao , Fan Zhao-Xia , Fan Feng-Xian ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China,   Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: April 2023

The surface tension plays a significant role in the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles on a nanoscale. However, it cannot be obtained by using the existing measurement techniques. In this study, we simulate the hygroscopic growth of one single succinic acid (SA) particle by using the molecular dynamic (MD) method. Based on the MD simulation results, the surface tension of the stable SA-water droplet is calculated by using a numerical model. Furthermore, the influencing mechanisms of temperature, diameter and concentration of SA on the surface tension of the nanoscale droplet are investigated. The results show that with the temperature increasing from 260 K to 320 K, the surface tension of the droplet decreases, which is mainly caused by the weakening of the intermolecular forces inside the droplet. Besides, the sensitivity of the surface tension to the temperature increases with the increasing SA concentration, which can be explained by the effect of the temperature and the SA concentration on the radial distribution of SA molecules. With the increase of the particle diameter, the surface tension of droplet first increases and then tends to be constant. The normal components of the Irving-Kirkwood pressure tensors are calculated to explain the effect of diameter and SA on the surface tension. In addition, when the SA concentration is increased, the particle diameter range which has an obvious effect on the surface tension is reduced. Moreover, the surface tension of the nanodroplet is negatively correlated with the SA concentration, and the correlation fits into the logarithmic function form, especially for droplet with a diameter smaller than 6.12 nm. The Szyszkowski equation is employed to fit the relationship between SA concentration and the surface tension of droplet. These findings can provide parameter support for improving the theoretical model of particle hygroscopicity and related kinetic processes. This study emphasizes further research on the surface tension of nano-droplets with more complex components.
Domestication and lowland adaptation of coastal preceramic maize from Paredones, Peru
Authors: Vallebueno-Estrada Miguel , Hernández-Robles Guillermo G , González-Orozco Eduardo , Lopez-Valdivia Ivan , Rosales Tham Teresa , Vásquez Sánchez Víctor , Swarts Kelly , Dillehay Tom D , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe , Montiel Rafael
Published: April 2023

Archaeological cobs from Paredones and Huaca Prieta (Peru) represent some of the oldest maize known to date, yet they present relevant phenotypic traits corresponding to domesticated maize. This contrasts with the earliest Mexican macro-specimens from Guila Naquitz and San Marcos, which are phenotypically intermediate for these traits, even though they date more recently in time. To gain insights into the origins of ancient Peruvian maize, we sequenced DNA from three Paredones specimens dating ~6700–5000 calibrated years before present (BP), conducting comparative analyses with two teosinte subspecies (Zea mays ssp. mexicana and parviglumis) and extant maize, that include highland and lowland landraces from Mesoamerica and South America. We show that Paredones maize originated from the same domestication event as Mexican maize and was domesticated by ~6700 BP, implying rapid dispersal followed by improvement. Paredones maize shows no relevant gene flow from mexicana, smaller than that observed in teosinte parviglumis. Thus, Paredones samples represent the only maize without confounding mexicana variation found to date. It also harbors significantly fewer alleles previously found to be adaptive to highlands, but not of alleles adaptive to lowlands, supporting a lowland migration route. Our overall results imply that Paredones maize originated in Mesoamerica, arrived in Peru without mexicana introgression through a rapid lowland migration route, and underwent improvements in both Mesoamerica and South America.
PIMT is a novel and potent suppressor of endothelial activation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Guo Zhi-Fu , Liu Wennan , Kazama Kyosuke , Hu Louis , Sun Xiaobo , Wang Lu , Lee Hyoungjoo , Lu Lin , Yang Xiao-Feng , Summer Ross , Sun Jianxin
Published: April 2023

Proinflammatory agonists provoke the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules on endothelium in order to facilitate leukocyte infiltration into tissues. Rigorous control over this process is important to prevent unwanted inflammation and organ damage. Protein L-isoaspartyl O-methyltransferase (PIMT) converts isoaspartyl residues to conventional methylated forms in cells undergoing stress-induced protein damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of PIMT in vascular homeostasis. PIMT is abundantly expressed in mouse lung endothelium and PIMT deficiency in mice exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and vascular leakage to LPS(lipopolysaccharide). Furthermore, we found that PIMT inhibited LPS-induced toll-like receptor signaling through its interaction with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and its ability to methylate asparagine residues in the coiled-coil domain. This interaction was found to inhibit TRAF6 oligomerization and autoubiquitination, which prevented NF-κB transactivation and subsequent expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. Separately, PIMT also suppressed ICAM-1 expression by inhibiting its N-glycosylation, causing effects on protein stability that ultimately translated into reduced EC(endothelial cell)-leukocyte interactions. Our study has identified PIMT as a novel and potent suppressor of endothelial activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of PIMT may be effective in limiting organ injury in inflammatory vascular diseases.
The autophagy receptor NBR1 directs the clearance of photodamaged chloroplasts
Authors: Lee Han Nim , Chacko Jenu Varghese , Gonzalez Solís Ariadna , Chen Kuo-En , Barros Jessica AS , Signorelli Santiago , Millar A Harvey , Vierstra Richard David , Eliceiri Kevin W , Otegui Marisa S
Published: April 2023

The ubiquitin-binding NBR1 autophagy receptor plays a prominent role in recognizing ubiquitylated protein aggregates for vacuolar degradation by macroautophagy. Here, we show that upon exposing Arabidopsis plants to intense light, NBR1 associates with photodamaged chloroplasts independently of ATG7, a core component of the canonical autophagy machinery. NBR1 coats both the surface and interior of chloroplasts, which is then followed by direct engulfment of the organelles into the central vacuole via a microautophagy-type process. The relocalization of NBR1 into chloroplasts does not require the chloroplast translocon complexes embedded in the envelope but is instead greatly enhanced by removing the self-oligomerization mPB1 domain of NBR1. The delivery of NBR1-decorated chloroplasts into vacuoles depends on the ubiquitin-binding UBA2 domain of NBR1 but is independent of the ubiquitin E3 ligases SP1 and PUB4, known to direct the ubiquitylation of chloroplast surface proteins. Compared to wild-type plants, nbr1 mutants have altered levels of a subset of chloroplast proteins and display abnormal chloroplast density and sizes upon high light exposure. We postulate that, as photodamaged chloroplasts lose envelope integrity, cytosolic ligases reach the chloroplast interior to ubiquitylate thylakoid and stroma proteins which are then recognized by NBR1 for autophagic clearance. This study uncovers a new function of NBR1 in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts by microautophagy.
COVID-19 as a catalyst for reimagining cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Luckett Rebecca , Feldman Sarah , Woo Yin Ling , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Giuliano Anna R , de Sanjosé Silvia , Kaufmann Andreas M , Leung Shuk On Annie , Garcia Francisco , Chan Karen , Bhatla Neerja , Stanley Margaret , Brotherton Julia , Palefsky Joel , Garland Suzanne ,   on behalf of the International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) Policy Committee
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer has killed millions of women over the past decade. In 2019 the World Health Organization launched the Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy, which included ambitious targets for vaccination, screening, and treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted progress on the strategy, but lessons learned during the pandemic – especially in vaccination, self-administered testing, and coordinated mobilization on a global scale – may help with efforts to achieve its targets. However, we must also learn from the failure of the COVID-19 response to include adequate representation of global voices. Efforts to eliminate cervical cancer will only succeed if those countries most affected are involved from the very start of planning. In this article we summarize innovations and highlight missed opportunities in the COVID response, and make recommendations to leverage the COVID experience to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer globally.
Courtship behaviour reveals temporal regularity is a critical social cue in mouse communication
Authors: Perrodin Catherine , Verzat Colombine , Bendor Daniel
Published: April 2023

While animals navigating the real world face a barrage of sensory input, their brains evolved to perceptually compress multidimensional information by selectively extracting the features relevant for survival. Notably, communication signals supporting social interactions in several mammalian species consist of acoustically complex sequences of vocalisations. However, little is known about what information listeners extract from such time-varying sensory streams. Here, we utilise female mice’s natural behavioural response to male courtship songs to identify the relevant acoustic dimensions used in their social decisions. We found that females were highly sensitive to disruptions of song temporal regularity and preferentially approached playbacks of intact over rhythmically irregular versions of male songs. In contrast, female behaviour was invariant to manipulations affecting the songs’ sequential organisation or the spectro-temporal structure of individual syllables. The results reveal temporal regularity as a key acoustic cue extracted by mammalian listeners from complex vocal sequences during goal-directed social behaviour.
Management of Scrotal Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Case Report
Authors: Lakshmana R , . Jayakumar , Snigdha N , Paul Neethish K , Raman PA Sethu
Published: April 2023

Aggressive Angiomyxoma is most commonly identified as a slow growing mesenchymal neoplasm most commonly seen in women than in men. It has a marked tendency for local recurrence but with low instances of metastasis. Radiological investigations may assist in arriving at a provisional diagnosis and provide an arbitrary idea about the margins of the tumour but the gold standard diagnosis is always be histopathological examination. Surgery is the first line and the most reliable form of treatment. However, around 40-70% of patients came with complaints of recurrence. This is a case of a 61-year-old male patient who came with complaints of scrotal swelling which increased in size over a period of six months. The swelling was firm in consistency without warmth or tenderness. Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) was taken to discern the borders of the mass and it was suspected to be a soft tissue sarcoma. Mass was excised in toto and a confirmatory diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma was made only after postoperative histopathological examination. The patient was on regular follow-up for 8 months to date and no evidence of local recurrence was detected. This case report presents to be a curious case as aggressive angiomyxomas are usually tumours seen in females. It also describes the management of scrotal swelling without a preoperative diagnosis.
The Effect of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Francis Deborah , Ani Celestine , Nworgu Choice , Pamela Okorie , Uzoma Igwe , Uzoigwe Jide , Ugwu Princewill , Anyaeji Pamela , Daniel Nwachukwu
Published: April 2023

Aims: This study investigated the effect of ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus (ESECL) on blood glucose level and lipid profile in Alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats.

Study Design and Methodology: 30 male adult wistar rats were grouped randomly into six experimental groups of five rats each. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate, dissolved in normal saline, while the normal control group (group 1) was given the vehicle only. Three days after induction of diabetes, were treated further for four weeks with ESECL at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for groups 4, 5, and 6 respectively. Animals in Group 3 were treated with Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), while group 2 served as the negative control group.

Results: Administration of ESECL caused significant decrease in blood glucose levels in groups 4, 5 and 6 compared to rats of group 2 (p=0.00125). There was also significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), with increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Groups 4, 5 and 6, compared to Group 2 rats (p=0.00125). The results obtained from the rats of the group receiving extract were similar to that obtained from Groups 3. Conclusion: Thus, this study suggests that this extract could possibly normalize abnormalities in blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in diabetic conditions in a dose dependent manner.
Potential Usage of Selected Agro-Residue as a Biofuel Production Sources: Physiochemical Evaluation Approach
Authors: Stephen Mogaji Taye , Feranmi Adeyinka Tobi , Joseph Fasina Oluwakayode
Published: April 2023

This article present physiochemical characterization of commonly available agricultural waste residues on dry basis for: (Corn cob, Coconut shell, Cashew nut, Palm kernel shell and Cassava stem) with the view to evaluate their respective suitability for biofuel production using thermochemical conversion process. The investigated respective biomass feedstock milled samples was analyzed in the laboratory for fuel physiochemical characterization. The physiochemical characterization carried out on each biomass waste sample are Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, Elemental composition analysis and determination of their respective Higher heating Value(HHV). The obtained results revealed that of all the biomass samples characterized, the Coconut shell (CNS), Corn cob(CC) and Cassava stem(CS) samples proved to possess the most suitable characteristics for better bio-oil production. Palm kernel shell(PKS), Coconut shell(CNS) and Cashew nut(CN) due to their obtained low ash content, adequate hardness and fairly high fixed carbon content are generally regarded to be a potential source for making quality grade charcoal (bio-char) using Pyrolysis process. Gasification process is found desirable to producing high yield of bio-gas for Corncob(CC) and Cassava stem(CS) biomass samples due to their respectively obtainable high value of moisture content: (13.4%wt and 15.10%wt.) and fixed carbon contents of (67.94%wt and 74.13%wt) in this study. Moreover, among all other biomass sample investigated in this study, Coconut Shell(CNS) in comparison to all other samples characterized attained highest HHV of 31.2 MJ/kg. Negligible amount of Sulphur and Nitrogen which could resulted to lower emission of SO2 and NO2 if use directly for heating purposes aftermath application of any of the thermochemical conversion processes is also observed for the biomass waste samples analyzed independent of their types. These results show that the characterized biomass samples could be a suitable candidate for alternative energy fuels production in terms of quality and environment concern.
TUGAS DAN PROFESI GURU KRISTEN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALKITABIAH
Authors: Saingo Yakobus Adi
Published: April 2023

Guru Kristen dalam menjalankan tugas dan profesinya tidaklah mudah dikarenakan harus mendidik seseorang menjadi pribadi yang menjunjung tinggi nilai moral, sosial maupun spiritual. Tujuan artikel ini untuk membahas tugas dan profesi guru kristen dalam perspektif  Alkitabiah. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk penelitian library research yang proses pengumpulan datanya dari berbagai literatur relevan seperti artikel maupun buku-buku terbaru (5 tahun terakhir). Data dianalisis berbasis informasi kepustakaan dengan hasil penelitiannya bahwa tugas guru Kristen dalam perspektif Alkitabiah yaitu tugas sebagai guru merupakan panggilan Allah, guru bertanggung jawab memastikan melakukan Firman Tuhan, guru memotivasi untuk setia pada Tuhan, guru bertanggung jawab memperlengkapi peserta didiknya dengan hikmat Ilahi, guru ber­tanggung jawab menanamkan nilai-nilai moral. Selain itu profesi guru Kristen dalam perspektif Alkitabiah yaitu melakukan pem­belajaran untuk meningkatkan SDM, mendewasakan iman, menjaga integritas, serta menciptakan manusia yang beradab.
Rights of nursing terchers in the contemporany: analysis from focal group / Direitos dos docentes de enfermagem na contemporaneidade: análise a partir de grupo focal
Authors: Nascimento Pereira de Farias Sheila , Gualberto Silva Karla , Brasil Amaral dos Santos CoropesI Viviane , Carneiro Carvalho Eloá , A Mó y Mó Loureiro Varella Thereza Cristina , Dantas de Oliveira Souza Norma Valéria
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: verificar a percepção dos docentes universitários de enfermagem acerca dos seus direitos laborais e discutir tais direitos na contemporaneidade. Método: pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de abordagem qualitativa realizada em duas universidades públicas situadas no município do Rio de janeiro. Os participantes do estudo foram 14 docentes de enfermagem lotados em duas universidades públicas. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o grupo focal e os dados foram analisados à luz da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: os direitos do docente de enfermagem nas universidades públicas no contexto neoliberal; educação como direito de todos para o desenvolvimento do Brasil; e direitos laborais sob a ótica dos docentes de enfermagem:  respeito ao contrato de trabalho. Os docentes de enfermagem exercem atividades voltadas para a formação de enfermeiros, bem como a produção de conhecimento e respeito aos direitos humanos, todavia, o trabalho de docentes em universidades públicas sofre com a intensificação do trabalho pelo modelo imposto de produtividade. Considerações Finais: destaca-se a necessidade de respeito aos direitos humanos, para a promoção da qualidade de vida  no contexto do trabalho do docente.
Trends in Premiums, Claims, and Enrollment for Fully Insured Large Group, Small Group, and Individual Health Plans From 2011 to 2021
Authors: Plummer Elizabeth , Percy Allison , Bai Ge
Published: April 2023

This economic evaluation compares trends in premiums, claims, and enrollment among fully insured large group, small group, and individual health plans in the US from 2001 to 2021.
Improving Outcomes of Pediatric Lupus Care Delivery With Provider Goal‐Setting Activities and Multidisciplinary Care Models
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Varghese Shreya A. , Behrens Edward M. , Gmuca Sabrina , Kennedy Jane S. , Liebling Emily J. , Lerman Melissa A. , Mehta Jay J. , Rutstein Beth H. , Sherry David D. , Stingl Cory J. , Weaver Lehn K. , Weiss Pamela F. , Burnham Jon M.
Published: April 2023

Objective

The present study was undertaken to evaluate high‐quality care delivery in the context of provider goal‐setting activities and a multidisciplinary care model using an electronic health record (EHR)–enabled pediatric lupus registry. We then determined associations between care quality and prednisone use among youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

We implemented standardized EHR documentation tools to autopopulate a SLE registry. We compared pediatric Lupus Care Index (pLCI) performance (range 0.0–1.0; 1.0 representing perfect metric adherence) and timely follow‐up 1) before versus during provider goal‐setting activities and population management, and 2) in a multidisciplinary lupus nephritis versus rheumatology clinic. We estimated associations between pLCI and subsequent prednisone use adjusted for time, current medication, disease activity, clinical features, and social determinants of health.

Results

We analyzed 830 visits by 110 patients (median 7 visits per patient [interquartile range 4–10]) over 3.5 years. The provider‐directed activity was associated with improved pLCI performance (adjusted β 0.05 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.01, 0.09]; mean 0.74 versus 0.69). Patients with nephritis in multidisciplinary clinic had higher pLCI scores (adjusted β 0.06 [95% CI 0.02, 0.10]) and likelihood of timely follow‐up than those in rheumatology (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.27 [95% CI 1.02, 1.57]). A pLCI score of ≥0.50 was associated with 0.72‐fold lower adjusted risk of subsequent prednisone use (95% CI 0.53, 0.93). Minoritized race, public insurance, and living in areas with greater social vulnerability were not associated with reduced care quality or follow‐up, but public insurance was associated with higher risk of prednisone use.

Conclusion

Greater attention to quality metrics is associated with better outcomes in childhood SLE. Multidisciplinary care models with population management may additionally facilitate equitable care delivery.
Developing Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Challenges and Practical Prospects
Authors: Li Guanjie , Sun Liang , Zhang Shilin , Zhang Chaofeng , Jin Huanyu , Davey Kenneth , Liang Gemeng , Liu Sailin , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: April 2023

Growth in intermittent renewable sources including solar and wind has sparked increasing interest in electrical energy storage. Grid‐scale energy storage integrated with renewable sources has significant advantages in energy regulation and grid security. Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a practically attractive option for electrical storage because of environmentally benign aqueous‐based electrolytes, high theoretical capacity of Zn anode, and significant global reserves of Zn. However, application of AZIBs at the grid‐scale is restricted by drawbacks in cathode material(s). Herein, a comprehensive summary of the features and storage mechanisms of the latest cathode materials is provided. The fundamental problems and corresponding in‐depth causes for cathode materials is critically reviewed. It is also assess practical challenges, appraise their translation to commerce and industry, and systematically summarize and discuss the potential solutions reported in recent works. It is established necessary design strategies for Zn anodes and electrolytes that are matched with cathode materials for commercializing AZIBs. Finally, it is concluded with a perspective on the practical prospects for advancing the development of future AZIBs. Findings will be of interest and benefit to a range of researchers and manufacturers in the design and application of AZIBs for grid‐scale energy storage.
Targeted Repair of Super‐Lubricating Surfaces via Pairing Click Chemistry
Authors: Xiang Li , Zhang Jiawen , Wang Wenda , Wei Zhiyong , Chen Yunfei , Zeng Hongbo
Published: April 2023

Intact advanced lubricating coatings can rival natural hydration lubricating systems. However, once damaged, their lubricity is drastically diminished as the delaminated coating materials are either unable to re‐bond to the original substrate due to the irreversible bond breakage or easily bridge the opposing rubbing surface via non‐specific interactions. Inspired by the reversibility and selectivity of dynamic click chemistry, super‐lubricating surfaces with targeted self‐repairability are developed through a surface‐recognized strategy. The rubbing surfaces exhibit superlubricity with friction coefficient µ ≈0.002 at physiologically high pressure (≈7.5 MPa). When wear‐induced coating‐substrate breakage occurs, the lubricating materials can target and reassociate with their pairing surfaces through specific dynamic covalent linkages, circumventing surface bridging, and recovering high lubricity even upon repeated damage. This study offers an innovative paradigm for developing durable lubricating surfaces with bespoke reparability for biomedical applications.
Probing the Néel‐Type Antiferromagnetic Order and Coherent Magnon–Exciton Coupling in Van Der Waals VPS3
Authors: Liu Chaocheng , Li Zhi , Hu Jiyu , Duan Hengli , Wang Chao , Cai Liang , Feng Sihua , Wang Yao , Liu Ruiqi , Hou De , Liu Caixing , Zhang Ranran , Zhu Lin , Niu Yuran , Zakharov Alexei A. , Sheng Zhigao , Yan Wensheng
Published: April 2023

2D van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets have received intensive attention due to their terahertz resonance, multilevel magnetic‐order states, and ultrafast spin dynamics. However, accurately identifying their magnetic configuration still remains a challenge owing to the lack of net magnetization and insensitivity to external fields. In this work, the Néel‐type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in 2D antiferromagnet VPS3 with the out‐of‐plane anisotropy, which is demonstrated by the temperature‐dependent spin–phonon coupling and second‐harmonic generation (SHG), is experimentally probed. This long‐range AFM order even persists at the ultrathin limit. Furthermore, strong interlayer exciton–magnon coupling (EMC) upon the Néel‐type AFM order is detected based on the monolayer WSe2/VPS3 heterostructure, which induces an enhanced excitonic state and further certifies the Néel‐type AFM order of VPS3. The discovery provides optical routes as the novel platform to study 2D antiferromagnets and promotes their potential applications in magneto‐optics and opto‐spintronic devices.
Reinforcing CoO Covalency via Ce(4f)─O(2p)─Co(3d) Gradient Orbital Coupling for High‐Efficiency Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Xuan , Liu Kun , Sun Huamei , Sun Dongmei , Huang Kai , Tang Yawen , Xing Wei , Li Hao , Fu Gengtao
Published: April 2023

Rare‐earth (RE)‐based transition metal oxides (TMO) are emerging as a frontier toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet the knowledge regarding their electrocatalytic mechanism and active sites is very limited. In this work, atomically dispersed Ce on CoO is successfully designed and synthesized by an effective plasma (P)‐assisted strategy as a model (P‐Ce SAs@CoO) to investigate the origin of OER performance in RE–TMO systems. The P‐Ce SAs@CoO exhibits favorable performance with an overpotential of only 261 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and robust electrochemical stability, superior to individual CoO. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy reveal that the Ce‐induced electron redistribution inhibits CoO bond breakage in the CoOCe unit site. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the gradient orbital coupling reinforces the CoO covalency of the Ce(4f)─O(2p)─Co(3d) unit active site with an optimized Co‐3d‐eg occupancy, which can balance the adsorption strength of intermediates and in turn reach the apex of the theoretical OER maximum, in excellent agreement with experimental observations. It is believed that the establishment of this Ce–CoO model can set a basis for the mechanistic understanding and structural design of high‐performance RE–TMO catalysts.
An Ionic Thermoelectric Generator with a Giant Output Power Density and High Energy Density Enabled by Synergy of Thermodiffusion Effect and Redox Reaction on Electrodes
Authors: Jiang Kaixiang , Jia Jianchao , Chen Yizhong , Li Longbin , Wu Chen , Zhao Peng , Zhu Dong Yu , Zeng Wei
Published: April 2023

Ionic hydrogel thermoelectric generators (ITEGs) are becoming increasingly popular in effective recovery of low‐grade waste heat, but they suffer from relatively low output power density and energy density. In this work, by utilizing the synergetic strategy of thermodiffusion effect and redox reaction on electrodes, an ITEG is demonstrated which demonstrates impressive thermoelectric conversion properties. On the one hand, an interpenetrating network structured ionic gel with temperature‐sensitive phase transition behavior is designed as thermoelectric material to achieve a very high thermopower of 40.60 mV K−1 at a temperature gradient (ΔT) of 5 K. On the other hand, polymer redox  polyaniline (PANI) is appended on the carbon weaved fabric (CWF) electrode to augment heat‐to‐electricity storage and output power performance. It is found that the PANI@CWF electrode assists to realize a larger current density output, 1 h output energy density (E1h) (570 J m−2) at a ΔT of 20 K and a maximum normalized instantaneous output power density of 11.31 mW m−2 K−2 are obtained, which is a record‐breaking result among the reported quasi‐solid‐state ITEGs. A feasible routine to design the top‐performing ITEGs is verified, which shows commercial promise for continuously powering electronic devices such as sensors and wearable electronics.
CuIr Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to t‐BuOH
Authors: Kim Myeong‐Geun , Park Jinwoo , Choi Youngjo , Song Ho Chang , Kim Seung‐Hoon , Bang Kyeong‐Mi , Ham Hyung Chul , Kim Nak‐Kyoon , Won Da Hye , Min Byoung Koun , Yoo Sung Jong , Kim Woong
Published: April 2023

Recent advances in electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) have led to several promising results, including the large‐scale production of low‐carbon fuels. One of the next steps in this route is the generation of economically and scientifically valuable multicarbon (e.g., C4) chemicals. However, this process has rarely been reported to‐date and has generally suffered from a low production rate (jpartial ≤ 0.097 mA cm−2) and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≤ 1%. This is largely due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts for the complicated and interconnected reaction pathway of C4 generation. Herein, CuxIr1–x alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are shown to convert CO2 into (CH3)3COH (t‐BuOH) with a jpartial of 0.207 mA cm–2 at a FE of 14.8%, which is the best performance toward C4 production demonstrated so far. Furthermore, this study proposes a probable mechanism of C4 formation based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The findings suggest that the C4 production is facilitated by the strong electronic interaction between Cu and Ir and the high oxophilicity of the Ir‐rich surface, which enhances the binding strength of oxygen‐bound intermediates. This work opens the potential of Ir‐based alloys for the CO2RR and highlights the production of C4 chemicals beyond the currently available C1–C3 products.
COVID‐19 lockdown and collective activities: Evidence from the world's largest self‐help group program
Authors: Siwach Garima , de Hoop Thomas , Udayakumar Chinmaya Holla , Desai Sapna
Published: April 2023

We study the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020 on the monthly savings of self‐help groups (SHGs) in India, and the role of SHGs in mitigating the economic effects of the lockdown. Administrative data suggest that monthly savings of SHGs declined by 66% between March and July of 2020, with larger declines in areas with more stringent lockdowns. Survey data revealed that SHG and non‐SHG households had similar consumption and income losses during the lockdown. Households with SHG members and those that received assistance from SHGs in procuring ration or accessing community kitchens reported significantly higher food security, however.
The multifactorial etiology of cognitive deficits in epilepsy and the neuropathology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy beyond hyperphosphorylated tau
Authors: Witt Juri‐Alexander , Becker Albert J. , Helmstaedter Christoph
Published: April 2023

In response to the recent review by Zawar and Kapur on the overlap between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we (1) underscore that the bidirectionality between epilepsy and dementia is of high interest, also from the epileptological perspective; (2) outline the multifactorial etiology of cognitive deficits in epilepsy; (3) emphasize that the most prevalent neuropathological findings in MTLE comprise hippocampal sclerosis, dysplastic lesions, and neurodevelopmental neoplasm; and (4) state that anti‐seizure medication can also have adverse effects on cognition. We conclude that the neuropsychology and neuropathology of MTLE is actually more complex than implicated in the review by Zawar and Kapur. Their suggested model may be valid for a small specific subgroup of cases. However, more studies are needed to confirm the role of hyperphosphorylated tau in epilepsy patients with and without AD considering age and age at epilepsy onset as potential moderator variables.
Meeting report of the annual workshop on Principles and Techniques for Improving Preclinical to Clinical Translation in Alzheimer's Disease research
Authors: Sasner Michael , Territo Paul R. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The second annual 5‐day workshop on Principles and Techniques for Improving Preclinical to Clinical Translation in Alzheimer's Disease Research was held October 7–11, 2019, at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, USA, and included didactic lectures and hands‐on training. Participants represented a broad range of research across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field, and varied in career stages from trainees and early stage investigators to established faculty, with attendance from the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Methods

In line with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative on rigor and reproducibility, the workshop aimed to address training gaps in preclinical drug screening by providing participants with the skills and knowledge required to perform pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and preclinical efficacy experiments.

Results

This innovative and comprehensive workshop provided training in fundamental skill sets for executing in vivo preclinical translational studies.

Discussion

The success of this workship is expected to translate into practical skills that will enable the goals of improving preclinical to clinical translational studies for AD.

HIGHLIGHTS

Nearly all preclinical studies in animal models have failed to translate to successful efficacious medicines for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

While a wide variety of potential causes of these failures have been proposed,deficiencies in knowledge and best practices for translational research are not being sufficiently addressed by common training practices.

Here we present proceedings from an annual NIA–sponsored workshop focused specifically on preclinical testing paradigms for AD translational research in animal models aimed at enabling improved preclinical to clinical translation for AD.
Cure kinetics and mechanical properties of carbonized chicken feather reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Saranya K. S. , Rajesh C. , Mathew George
Published: April 2023

Polymers are part and parcel of our life and society due to the immense applications resulting from their unique properties. High performing products based on bio feed stocks have gained special attention compared to non‐renewable resources. In the present research work, carbon black (CCF) prepared from waste chicken feathers has been used as reinforcement in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Cure kinetics of SBR‐CCF composites and their mechanical properties have been evaluated with respect to loading of filler and concentration of dicumyl peroxide crosslinking agent. The cure reaction of all compounds obeys first order kinetics and the rate constants increase with filler loading as well as temperature. A decrease in energy of activation of cure has been noted with increase of loading of CCF filler, which assists for an increase in the rate of production of articles using the filled SBR compounds. The improvement in tensile properties with CCF has been supported by the fractography of the composites and by the crosslink density values obtained using equilibrium swelling method. The performance of the developed composites points to their applications in the area of car‐tire industry, tread rubber sector and structural applications such as drive and shaft couplings.
Flame retardant research on innovative lightweight wood‐plastic composites
Authors: Wang Di , Jiang Peng , Chen Zhilin , Sun Jun , Li Hongfei , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng
Published: April 2023

Lightweight wood‐plastic composites (WPC) are made from expandable polystyrene and wood particle using a mold foaming technique, and their fire resistance is improved with the addition of melamine phosphate (MPP) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP). Flame retardancy is characterized and shown to be significantly enhanced on limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), and cone calorimetry tests. The fire behavior investigation indicates that the LOI value of WPC/12MPP/3AHP sample can reach 33.5% and UL‐94 rating was V‐0. The total heat release, total smoke production, peak of smoke production rate and peak of heat release rate of WPC/15MPP are reduced by 23.2%, 47.5%, 28.6% and 17.3%, respectively, compare with the pure one. Mechanical properties characterization of composites also reveals that MPP/AHP has a positive influence on the impact strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.
A pilot study of robotic surgery case videos for first‐year medical student anatomy
Authors: Palleiko Benjamin A. , Maxfield Mark W. , Czerniach Donald R. , Cherng Nicole B. , Giannaris Eustathia Lela
Published: April 2023

There has been a recent shift in medical student anatomy education with greater incorporation of virtual resources. Multiple approaches to virtual anatomy resources have been described, but few involve video or images from surgical procedures. In this pilot study, a series of surgical case videos was created using robotic surgery video footage for a first‐year medical student anatomy course. Five operations were included that covered thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic anatomy. Students were surveyed at the end of the course regarding their experience with the videos and their perceptions towards a surgical career. Overall, participants agreed that the videos were an effective learning tool, were useful regardless of career interest, and that in the future it would be useful to incorporate additional surgical case videos. Respondents highlighted the importance of audio narration with future videos and provided suggestions for future operations that they would like to see included. In summary, this pilot study describes the creation and implementation of a surgical video anatomy curriculum and student survey results suggest this may be an effective approach to video‐based anatomy education for further curricular development.
Targeting multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus with cationic chlorpromazine‐peptide conjugates
Authors: Panjla Apurva , Kaul Grace , Akhir Abdul , Saxena Deepanshi , Joshi Saurabh , Modak Chandrima , Kumari Dipti , Jain Alok , Chopra Sidharth , Verma Sandeep
Published: April 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health risk. Its severity is fueled on an unprecedented scale, necessitating the demand for novel antimicrobial scaffolds aimed at novel targets. Herein, we present cationic chlorpromazine peptide conjugates that are rationally intended to targetmultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. The most potent compound, CPWL, of all the conjugates evaluated, showed promising antibacterial activity against clinical, MDR S. aureus, with no cytotoxicity. The molecular docking experiments confirmed that CPWL possessed a very high affinity for S. aureus enoyl reductase (saFabI). Furthermore, CPWL antibacterial action against saFabI was further corroborated by MD simulation studies. Thus, our findings highlight cationic chlorpromazine as a promising scaffold for the development of saFabI inhibitors to target severe staphylococcal infections.