bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support for Women in Politics: the Role of Gender System Justification, Gender Inequality Perception and Sexism
Authors: Ananyeva O.A. , Tatarenko M.K.
Published: January 2023

Objective. Analysis of relationships between gender system justification, perceived gender inequality and ambivalent sexism in support for female candidates for the presidential post in Russia. Background. Human and gender development indices in Russia are considered to be very high in world rankings, however, promotion of women in politics and top management remains at a very low level, the Russian population is still prone to various biases towards women and their roles in society. Analysis of psychological mechanisms and factors restraining women’s empowerment is crucial to understand the lack of positive social change and barriers to quality attainment. Study design. The study examined relationships between gender system justifications, perceived gender inequality, hostile and benevolent sexism and respondents’ gender in support for female political candidates for presidency. Correlational online study using analysis of moderated mediation was conducted. Participants. Sample: N=1011 Russian respondents (48% male, 52% female) from 18 to 75 years old (M=35,1; SD=11,94). Measurements. Measures of system justification by J. Jost and A. Kay, Ambivalent sexism inventory by P. Glick and S. Fiske (both adapted to Russian by E. Agadullina), a question on perceived gender inequality in Russia («How would you evaluate gender inequality in Russia?») and a question about willingness to see a woman as a president of Russia («Would you like to see a woman as a president of Russia?»). Results. The direct association between gender system justification and support for a female politician was not found, however, indirect association through perceived gender inequality is significant: gender system justification leads to underestimation of inequality which in turn undermines willingness of the population to support female politicians. Ambivalent (benevolent and hostile) sexism hinders support for female politicians; benevolent (but not hostile) sexism contributes to underestimation of gender inequality in the society. Respondents’ gender does not moderate the studied relationships. Conclusions. Gender inequality perceived at low level as well as sexist attitudes are key factors restraining support for women in stereotypically unconventional fields (such as politics). Prevalence of sexist attitudes is one of the possible reasons why positive change is decelerated.
A Coalition Formation Game for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network under the Constraint of Overhead
Authors: Borgohain Utpala , Borkotokey Surajit , Deka S.K
Published: January 2023

Cooperative spectrum sensing improves the sensing performance of secondary users by exploiting spatial diversity in cognitive radio networks. However, the cooperation of secondary users introduces some overhead also that may degrade the overall performance of cooperative spectrum sensing.  The trade-off between cooperation gain and overhead plays a vital role in modeling cooperative spectrum sensing.  This paper considers overhead in terms of reporting energy and reporting time. We propose a cooperative spectrum sensing based coalitional game model where the utility of the game is formulated as a function of throughput gain and overhead. To achieve a rational average throughput of secondary users, the overhead incurred is to be optimized. This work emphasizes on optimization of the overhead incurred. In cooperative spectrum sensing, the large number of cooperating users improve the detection performance, on the contrary, it increases overhead too. So, to limit the maximum coalition size we propose a formulation under the constraint of the probability of false alarm. An efficient fusion center selection scheme and an algorithm to select eligible secondary users for reporting are proposed to reduce the reporting overhead. We also outline a distributed cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm using the properties of the coalition formation game and prove that the utility of the proposed game has non-transferable properties.  The simulation results show that the proposed schemes reduce the overhead of reporting without compromising the overall detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing.
Resource Allocation in 4G and 5G Networks: A Review
Authors: Degambur Lavanya-Nehan , Mungur Avinash , Armoogum Sheeba , Pudaruth Sameerchand
Published: January 2023

The advent of 4G and 5G broadband wireless networks brings several challenges with respect to resource allocation in the networks. In an interconnected network of wireless devices, users, and devices, all compete for scarce resources which further emphasizes the fair and efficient allocation of those resources for the proper functioning of the networks. The purpose of this study is to discover the different factors that are involved in resource allocation in 4G and 5G networks. The methodology used was an empirical study using qualitative techniques by performing literature reviews on the state of art in 4G and 5G networks, analyze their respective architectures and resource allocation mechanisms, discover parameters, criteria and provide recommendations. It was observed that resource allocation is primarily done with radio resource in 4G and 5G networks, owing to their wireless nature, and resource allocation is measured in terms of delay, fairness, packet loss ratio, spectral efficiency, and throughput. Minimal consideration is given to other resources along the end-to-end 4G and 5G network architectures. This paper defines more types of resources, such as electrical energy, processor cycles and memory space, along end-to-end architectures, whose allocation processes need to be emphasized owing to the inclusion of software defined networking and network function virtualization in 5G network architectures. Thus, more criteria, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycle, and memory to evaluate resource allocation have been proposed.  Finally, ten recommendations have been made to enhance resource allocation along the whole 5G network architecture.
DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT LEARNERS’ 21ST CENTURY SKILLS IN GREENLAND: FIELD WORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Zascerinska Jelena , Markussen Inga Dora G.
Published: January 2023

The expansion of adult education has been presented as an effective strategy to solve the issues in adult employment. The aim of the present research is to analyse the field work carried out in Nuuk (Greenland) on the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills in Greenland underpinning the elaboration of implications for adult education in Greenland. The methods of the present research comprise both theoretical and empirical methods. The empirical study was based on fieldwork. Two on-site visits in Nuuk between the 8-12th August 2022 were carried out. Observation and participant observation were implemented. A semi-structured interview with two interviewees was conducted. The literature review allows for a conclusion that adult education in Greenland is mentioned neither in Greenland educational policy documents or scientific publications. Despite that, the analysis of the implemented fieldwork allows drawing a conclusion that adult education has been established on a municipal level like the centre Majoriaq, and on a non-governmental level like Kofoeds Skole. Both theoretical and empirical analysis contribute to the conclusion that adult learners’ 21st century skills in Greenland are being developed. However, these skills would need more joint work from all the adult education stakeholders.
FINTECH INDUSTRY AND FINTECH DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN LATVIA
Authors: Brice Jolanta
Published: January 2023

The financial sector has changed significantly in recent years due to rapid technological developments. Financial technologies in other words FinTech have introduced new trends in the financial market and already as of now FinTech has become an integral part of the financial world. With the introduction of various financial technologies, consumers are undeniably benefiting, but the question of what risks it brings to economies and what impact it has on financial stability remains relevant. The research summarizes several expert opinions about the development opportunities of the FinTech industry in Latvia.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEMORIAL TESTIMONY OF THE SOVIET PERIOD IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY
Authors: Brīvere Inese
Published: January 2023

The reason for writing the article is related to RTA student S. Sprudzāns 2020 conduct a survey on memories of life in the LSSR. 72 respondents - the youth of the city of Ludza - took part in it, revealing their trust in the sources of memories. It turned out that in matters of Soviet times, they trusted parents, grandparents, relatives, acquaintances and experts the most and least trusted teachers. Therefore, there was an interest in finding out what the testimonies of memories mean to young people, how historical events are revealed and how it helps to understand the Soviet era, why the level of trust in them is much higher than the official level - expressed in educational institutions.
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Gribonika Olga
Published: January 2023

The main objective of the development of the agricultural sector is an improvement of people's socio-economic well-being. In addition, the support of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector includes ensuring and maintaining future production capacity, increasing productivity while preserving the environment through the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The article summarizes the founders of agricultural theory and current development trends. Agricultural trends in recent years have been affected by the steady increase in the world's population, resulting in growing demand for agri - food.
COVID – 19 TESTING AND TESTING LEGAL CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Gžibovskis Viktors
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and last year it was Covid-19. Covid-10 has not only lowered demographic figures but also created economic problems. The rapid spread of infection made it necessary to limit the rights of individuals in order to protect the public from infections with Covid-19. One of the duties imposed on the public is the performance of a Covid-19test where the person is suspected to be infected by Covid-19.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN LATVIA
Authors: Jurkāne Kristiāna
Published: January 2023

The work of many industries has been significantly affected by the spread of the new coronavirus disease Covid-19. Starting from 2020, the global and Latvian tourism industry was affected by the crisis caused by Covid-19. As a result, many are now suffering - tourism, catering, transport, sports and culture, etc. The author conducted a survey of tourism companies in order to study the consequences of COVID-19 in tourism companies as widely as possible.
MORTGAGE LENDING
Authors: Pogurecka Krista
Published: January 2023

Mortgages are an important support in the lives of many people. The demand for mortgages has been growing rapidly in recent years. A large part of the society is not able to make large enough savings to be able to afford to buy real estate for the accumulated funds, therefore the opportunity to receive a mortgage loan is the only option for buying a home. The issuance of mortgage loans to individuals is influenced by both external and internal factors.
EXPORT OF LOCAL FOODSTUFFS OF LATVIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Priževoite Lāsma
Published: January 2023

Important role in the Latvian business environment are performance indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the promotion of local food products. Given the rapidly growing global demand for food, small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in local food growing and production must be able to enter international markets. Within the framework of the research, the export of local food products of Latvian small and medium-sized enterprises was studied. During the development of the study, the category of small and medium-sized enterprises was defined by looking at their characteristics. Definitions of local products as well as local foods were examined, concluding that researchers differed on these definitions. The research analyzes the food industry and the most important trends in the structure of Latvian exports of goods. The author of the research also looks at food demand forecasts and the most important trends in the future. The aim of the research is to evaluate the export of local food products of Latvian small and medium-sized enterprises.
ANALYSIS OF OUTSOURCED ACCOUNTING SECTOR ACTIVITY IN LATVIA
Authors: Stradiņa Madara
Published: January 2023

Problem under investigation: changes in the legislation of the outsourced accounting industry and introduction of new requirements. Legislative changes affect performers of economic activity who provide outsourced accounting services, their number is decreasing, but due to the increase in taxes, entrepreneurs are forced to increase their prices, which is the result of an increase in the total turnover of companies. The aim of the study: to explore the outsourced accounting industry in Latvia. The tasks of the study: explore the concept of accounting and the legal acts governing it, to analyse statistical data on the results of enterprises in the outsourced accounting sector.
MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS AND LECTURERS IN THE DISTANCE LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Veigule Līga
Published: January 2023

The aim of the scientific article: is to describe and summarize the available literature sources about the advantages and the most significant disadvantages of the distance learning process. The scientific article summarizes how the distance learning process affects students and lecturers, and what are the advantages and most significant disadvantages of such a study process. At the beginning of the pandemic, the distance learning process developed rapidly, which surprised both students and lecturers, as they unexpectedly had to adapt to the new study process and acquire new skills, lecturers to be able to give lectures effectively remotely and students to learn lectures. The distance learning process has both advantages and disadvantages, which are also described in the research. Within the framework of the research, the analysis of literature and materials and the logical constructive method are used to gather the opinions of various authors on the topic of the scientific article.
MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES FOR GAINING AND MAINTAINING THE LOYALTY OF NOWADAY’S WORKFORCE
Authors: Viļuma Agate , Graudiņa Iveta
Published: January 2023

The problem to be studied: Employee education is not the only criterion. Preparation for a specific job is also important. A lot of resources are spent on training new employees, so it is important to keep existing ones. There is a relatively high unemployment rate in Latvia. At the same time, many employers are looking for employees. The aim of the research: to mark the main causes of staff turnover and to develop proposals for their reduction. To achieve the aim, the following tasks were performed: there were studied the structure and dynamics of salary; job advertisement research; reasons for leaving the job. The authors drew conclusions and made some supplements to employers to attract new employees and retain existing ones.
Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to alkylating mutagen
Authors: Sinitsky M. Yu. , Sinitskaya A. N. , Shishkova D. V. , Khutornaya M. V. , Asanov M. A. , Ponasenko A.  V.
Published: January 2023

Background. It is known that DNA damage in smooth muscle cells can trigger their clonal expansion and transformation into foam cells. Thus, the study of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the vascular smooth muscle cells response to genotoxic exposure is important and relevant in the context of an in-depth understanding of atherogenesis.Aim. To study mRNA level and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8 in the human coronary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to alkylating mutagen.Methods. Gene expression signature of studied cytokines in the human coronary artery smooth muscle cells was accessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the two timepoints – immediately after six-hour exposure to mitomycin C (point 1) and after six-hour exposure to mitomycin C followed by 24 hours of cells being cultivated on mitomycin C-free cell growth medium (point 2). Smooth muscle cells cultured according to the above scheme without genotoxin were used as controls. HPRT1, GAPDH and B2M were used as the reference genes. Gene expression level was calculated by ΔCt method. IL6 and IL8 concentration was evaluated in the culture media in points 1 and 2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad Prism 9 software.Results. Immediately after mutagenic exposure (point 1) we discovered no significant changes in the expression level of IL6 and IL8 in the mitomycin C exposed smooth muscle cells compared to controls. Removal of mutagen increased expression of IL6 and IL8 in the experimental group (0,36- and 0,67-fold, respectively). At the same time, we discovered no significant differences in the studied cytokines concentration in the culture medium of mutagen-exposed cells compared to the nonexposed controls.Conclusion. Genotoxic stress in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to alkylating mutagen (mitomycin C) leads to differential expression but not secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8. Thus, exposure of smooth muscle cells to mitomycin C do not trigger their proinflammatory phenotype.
Coping strategies and attitudes towards health in cardiac patients
Authors: Zakharyan E. A. , Ibragimova R. E.
Published: January 2023

Highlights. The importance of psychological assessment and psychological support in Cardiology Departments has been demonstrated. For the first time, predominant coping strategy in cardiac patients was revealed.Background. Why do patients with the same disease, disease course, prognosis and treatment have different outcomes? One hypothesis points to the influence of internal resources used in coping with the disease. A.B. Smulewicz in 1984 identified the association between the clinical symptoms and mental state of the patient.Aim. To determine characteristics of coping behavior and attitude toward health in cardiac patients from Surgical and Therapeutic Departments.Methods. 122 patients admitted to the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital” were included in the study. The 1st group consisted of in-patients from the Department of Surgical Treatment of Heart Rhythm Disorders and Electrical Cardiac Stimulation (61 patients); the 2nd group consisted of patients from the 1st Cardiology Department (61 patients). A questionnaire developed by R. Lazarus and S. Falkman in 1988 was used to determine coping strategies, and a questionnaire developed by R. A. Berezovskaya in 2005 was used to assess attitudes towards health.Results. Active coping strategy predominates in surgical patients, and distancing and avoidant strategies predominate in therapeutic patients. Correlation between characteristics of coping strategy and attitudes toward health was analyzed: active coping strategies are accompanied by high behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. An inverse correlation is noted in distancing and avoidant coping strategies.Conclusion. Psychological comfort and correct attitude of patient to his/her disease is an important part of rehabilitation that highlights the significance of psychometric testing in cardiac patients.
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the Moscow region: epidemiological trends based on the results of 2021
Authors: Makhneva Nataliya V. , Almazova Alla A.
Published: January 2023

Due to the restrictive epidemiological measures introduced in connection with the widespread spread of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in the period from late 2019 to mid 2021, the epidemiology of socially significant infections in the subjects of the Russian Federation has undergone significant changes. Among the obvious factors that can influence morbidity rates, it is possible to indicate the limitation of the volume of planned medical care to the population and the reduction of migration processes.
Analysis of the incidence of socially significant infections that pose a danger to others during the period of epidemic trouble in the country due to COVID-19 and after the abolition of all restrictive measures allows us to identify the most significant factors in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections.
The dynamics of the main indicators of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, its structure, detection activity demonstrate: how the self-isolation regime and the reduction in the availability of planned medical care to the population for even a short time can change the trends of the epidemic process, worsening the epidemiological well-being in the territory of the subject as a whole, and affect population health indicators; at the same time, what factors make the greatest contribution to the spread of sexually transmitted infections when quarantine restrictions are lifted.
Chronicles of A.I. Pospelov Moscow Society of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists (MSDC was founded on October 4, 1891). Bulletin of the MSDC № 1149
Authors: Yakovlev Alexey B. , Maximov Ivan S.
Published: January 2023

On October 18, 2022, the 1149th meeting of the A.I. Pospelov Moscow Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists (MSDC) took place. The meeting was held in a face-to-face format. There were 128 participants in total. Accepted as a member of the MSDC 53 people.
Two clinical cases are presented for discussion: trichoadenoma ― a rare benign follicular tumor consisting of strands of epithelial cells and keratinizing cysts embedded in the sclerotic stroma, and Dariers follicular dyskeratosis ― hereditary dermatosis characterized by the formation of follicular hyperkeratotic vegetative papules on seborrheic areas of the skin caused by a violation of the keratinization process by the type of dyskeratosis.
Scientific reports were devoted to the analysis of differential diagnosis and therapeutic tactics in BrookeSpiegler syndrome (multiple cylindromes and trichoepitheliomas), the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of zinc pyrithione as a means of controlling colonization of the hairy skin by fungi-commensals of the genus Malassezia, as well as the most urgent problems of modern medicine ― the features of the course of chronic-severe dermatoses after SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis, which is a marker of immune breakdown that occurs immediately after COVID-19 infections.
A turisztikai fogyasztók magatartásának vizsgálata a Covid19-pandémia első hullámának árnyékában
Authors: Kökény László , Kenesei Zsófia
Published: January 2023

2020 tavaszán a koronavírus-világjárvány korábban sosem látott társadalmi változást okozott. A korábban megszokott szabad mozgás és az utazási lehetőség korlátozásra került, mert egy újfajta veszéllyel kellett megküzdenie az államoknak és a lakosságnak. Sokak a nyári utazásukat a tavaszi időszakban foglalják le, véglegesítik, de a 2020-as tavaszi időszakot egészen a június elején történő nyitásig a teljes bizonytalanság jellemezte. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy feltárja: a Covid19-pandémia első hulláma milyen hatást gyakorolt a magyar társadalom veszélyérzetére a 2020. évi nyaralásuk tervezésével és megvalósításával kapcsolatosan. Ehhez kvalitatív adatgyűjtés végeztünk, 111 fő megkérdezésével, strukturált interjúk formájában. Az adatokat háromszintű dimenzióalkotással, illetve magnitudinális kódolással kvantifikáltan is feldolgoztuk. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható volt, hogy a koronavírushoz közvetlenül kapcsolódó egészségügyi és mentális félelmek, illetve a közvetetten kapcsolódó teljesítménybeli és pénzügyi kockázatészlelések voltak a leginkább dominánsak a veszélyek említése során. Az információgyűjtés mellett az úti cél kiválasztása jelentette a fő kockázatcsökkentési eszközt, azonban ez nem jelentette azt, hogy a belföldi utazók teljes mértékben biztonságban érezték magukat vagy kevésbé érezték magukat veszélyben, mint azok, akik külföldre utaztak. Az eredményeink között mind a társadalomtudomány akadémiai szereplői, mind a gyakorlati szereplők találhatnak hasznosítható következtetéseket.
Járvány által formált jelen és jövőkép : A Covid19 hatása a szegedi egyetemisták élethelyzetére, jövőbeli kilátásaira
Authors: Fekete Mariann
Published: January 2023

A 2020 tavaszán megjelenő koronavírus-járvány korábban nem ismert tapasztalatok, események, élethelyzetek sorát hozta el a világ számára. Az ismeretlentől való félelem, a bizonytalanság, a kiszámíthatatlanság és a drámai változások a társadalom minden rétegére, minden szegmensére erős hatást gyakoroltak. 2021 tavaszán, a járvány harmadik hullámában a szegedi egyetemistákra nem, kar és képzési szint szerint reprezentatív (n=1195) online kutatásunkban arra tettünk kísérletet, hogy felderítsük, vajon az elérhető magasabb társadalmi státuszokra jó eséllyel pályázó, felsőoktatásban tanuló fiatalok hogyan birkóznak meg az új, a járvány által generált, és a régi, az életkorukból, ifjúsági státuszukból fakadó kihívásokkal. Kíváncsiak voltunk arra, hogy a járvány – mint kollektív tapasztalat, mannheimi értelemben vett kohorszélmény – miként formálta a Szegedi Tudományegyetem hallgatóinak mindennapjait, problémaészlelését, jövőbeli kilátásait. Az online adatfelvétel eredményei alapján megállapítottuk, hogy az ifjúsági sebezhetőség alapvető dimenzióiban, az oktatás, a szabadidő és az anyagi helyzet terén a legalacsonyabb a felmérésben részt vevő hallgatók személyes elégedettsége. Az online kommunikáció és a közösségi média-használat nem tudta pótolni a személyes kapcsolatokat, ami a közös szabadidőtöltés, a face to face kommunikáció felértékelődését eredményezte. Az egyetemisták figyelme a politika, a globális jelenségek és a gazdasági problémák felé irányult elsősorban, a koronavírus-járványt kevésbé tekintették súlyos problémának.
A new proposed model of EMOLUP for assessing of ecological capability of different utilizations and land use planning in Sepidan Township, Iran
Authors: Masoudi Masoud , Asrari Elham , Razaghi Somaye , Karimi Fatemeh , Cerdà Artemi
Published: January 2023

The optimum use and appropriate management of renewable resources, with dynamic characteristics, needs to evaluate and classify the ecological capability of environment and its socio-economic conditions. Land use planning (LUP) is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stakeholders aiming at the negotiation and decision for a sustainable form of land use in rural areas as well as initiating and monitoring its implementation. The main objective of this paper is the implementation of integration quantitative model namely EMOLUP (Eco-Socioeconomic Model of Land Use Planning) in Sepidan Township of the Fars province in Iran. Therefore, two main steps were prepared for the new model: I. Ecological capability evaluation of different land uses. This step is composed of the geometric mean method instead of the Boolean and MCE methods. II. Land use planning and prioritizing for the various uses. This step has been composed intersecting ecological capability maps and land use planning, based on two scenarios (economic and social). Then, it was compared with current qualitative and quantitative methods. Also, current land use is used for calibrating and modifying the proposed models. Results show using the geometric mean method is better than Boolean models, and the method of the calibrated geometric mean (with overall accuracy > 63 and kappa index > 0.39 for all land uses) is the best among different used models. Also, results of prioritizing and land use planning showed that quantitative method with two socio-economic scenarios (with an average of EPM erosion model = 0.31) is the best method for land use planning in the study area. We confirmed that the EMOLUP model can contribute to a better understand land use planning in different regions of the world.
Radiological study to determine the association of proximal femoral geometry in hip fractures
Authors: Sivaprasad K. , Patil Rachna
Published: January 2023

Background: In literature there is scarcity of documentation to test the relationship of radiological geometry of proximal femur with incidence and patterns of hip fractures especially in Indian population. In this study radiological parameters like femoral neck length (FNL), hip axis length (HAL), neck shaft angle (NSA), femoral neck diameter (are measured in standardized digital pelvis radiograph of patients with hip fractures presented at a tertiary care hospital and efforts were made to establish a relationship of these parameters with the pattern of hip fractures in Indian population.
Methods: Total of 72 patients attending orthopaedics outpatient clinic or admitted into the hospital with proximal femoral fractures were included in the study. Thorough history and clinical examination data were obtained. Radiographs and necessary investigations were done and FNL, HAL, NSA was calculated. Analysis was done using SPSS package version 26.
Results: Among the 72 patients included in the study, the mean age of the patients is 65 years with a SD of 13.64. The mean FNL was 2.452 cm with a SD of 0.471. The mean HAL was 11.1547cm and SD of 1.062. The mean NSA was 124.56degree with a SD of 3.339. The distribution of NSA is statistically insignificant at p<0.05. The mean NSA of extracapsular fracture and Intracapsular fracture in 51-60 years is 123.1956 and 125.7750 with SD of 2.58782 and 3.99555 is respectively. The p=0.151 and is statistically significant.
Conclusions: In our study, we concluded that the HAL is significantly increased for intracapsular fractures than for Extracapsular fractures in old age group of 51-60 years. In our study, we could not establish any significant correlation between FNL, HAL and NSA in any age group for any fracture type.
Pilonidal sinus: excision and primary closure over suction drain and its outcome
Authors: Malik Altaf Ahmed , Khurshid Sumat-ul- , Muzaffar Rahil , Muzzafar Khalid
Published: January 2023

Background: Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly involving Sacrococcygeal region. Despite advances in medical sciences, management of pilonidal disease is still not well defined. Treatment varies from simple techniques to more sophisticated surgeries with their own pros and cons.
Methods: This prospective observational study comprised of forty-two patients who underwent the surgery for pilonidal sinus as per the procedure described. This study was carried from 1 May 2019 till 30 November 2022. Median age of the patients was 24.5 years, ranging between 19-32 years. Sinus discharge was the predominant symptom of our study population with 34 patients (80.94%) complaining of same.
Results: Mean operative time was 54 minutes with a range of 45-78 minutes. Average hospital stay was 1.8 days though it ranged from 1 to 3 days. Five patients (11.90%) developed seroma while four patients (9.52%) had superficial wound site infection. We had two recurrences (4.76%) over the follow-up period of 1 year.
Conclusions: Excision and primary closure of the pilonidal disease is effective with comparable complication rates and shorter time off work. The surgery can be easily performed.
Polyethnicity of a Medieval city and the Formation of Ethno-National Identity in France (on the Example of Paris in the 14th – 15th Centuries)
Authors: Kouzmina Margarita
Published: January 2023

The author focuses on the role of Paris, an important center of the social and political life of the French kingdom in the period of the 14th — 15th centuries, in the formation of the collective identity of the French. The Hundred Years War became a catalyst for the formation of national states both in France and in England. It accelerated the development of people's national self-identification, supported by the unifying policy of the French kings, who sought to extend their power over the entire territory of the kingdom through the granting of citizenship and the development of a national idea. The multi-ethnicity of Paris, associated with the role of the city as an important commercial, political and cultural center, contributed to this policy, equalizing its inhabitants and providing migrants and foreigners with opportunities for adaptation and assimilation without identifying them by ethnicity, forming a new collective identity that sometimes came into conflict with the interests of the crown, but in the end objectively contributed to the formation of the French community.
The Myth of the Traitor: “the Christian Antun” and His Role in Organizing the French Invasion of Egypt in 1798
Authors: Kobishchanov Taras
Published: January 2023

The presented article is based on a little-known text of the Ottoman chronicler ‘Izzet Efendi al-Darandali. The court chronicler of the Grand Vizier presents a conspiracy version of the events of the Great French Revolution and the origins of the Egyptian expedition of Napoleon Bonaparte, the main role in which belonged to a certain “Christian Antun” who fled from Egypt. Behind the archetypal image of the traitorous Copt lies not only a classic myth of traitor and betrayal but also a historical figure of the main tax collector of Egyptian customs Antun Cassis, who emigrated to Europe a few years before the overthrow of the French monarchy. The text allows a deeper understanding of the way of thinking of the elite of Ottoman society, the perception of the Turkish Ulema elite of the image of “others” and “strangers”, as well as the events that took place in Europe at that time. The story of ‘Izzet Efendi al-Darandali appears to be a strange mixture of traditional ideas of the Ottoman-Muslim society trying to adapt to the new realities of the reign of Sultan Selim III (1789—1807).
The Secret of the Apostolic Grave: The Tomb of Peter between the Middle Ages and Modernity
Authors: Korolev Aleksandr
Published: January 2023

The tomb of St Peter under the Vatican basilica was one of the most famous, although mysterious, shrines of Europe. The actual object of worship was a tiny plot on which memorial structures and altars had been erected in sequence, but this fact became known only after the archaeological excavations of the 1940s. In the Middle Ages, the tomb of Peter was regarded as a forbidden, inviolable shrine. The legends developed that included fictitious information about the structure of the tomb. During the Renaissance, the liturgical and ceremonial space of the Vatican basilica, now the principal temple of the Pope, underwent subtle changes making the shrine even less accessible. With the development of the “papal monarchy”, the basilica became the ‘throne of Peter’, and the apostolic tomb, by now regarded as the foundation of the church, was perceived by some Roman humanists as the heart of the universe. The altar over the tomb became the centre of New St. Peter’s, but while the temple was being built, some members of the papal curia began to doubt the actual existence of the sacred grave. These doubts, dangerous as they were for the ‘papal monarchy’, contributed to the consolidation of its sacrosanct status, along with reverence for the shrine, observance of the ancient tradition and the ideological importance of the tomb.
“Remembering Historical Anniversary…”: the Riga Peace Treaty of 1920 in the Latvian Press, 1988—1990
Authors: Mikhailova Yulia
Published: January 2023

The article considers the mechanisms of formation of historical memory about the peace treaty concluded between the RSFSR and the Republic of Latvia on August 11, 1920. The construction of historical memory about this peace treaty became an important part of the concept of political development in Latvia in the late Soviet era (1988—1990). This was based on the idea of restoring sovereignty. During the period of Perestroika, the idea of the legitimacy of the Soviet-Latvian peace treaty formed the basis for the formation of ideas about the statehood of Latvia and helped to build the concept of state continuity — from the First Republic to a sovereign state, reviving as a result of the collapse of the Soviet empire. The text of the agreement of August 11, 1920 was used in the declaration of the Supreme Council of the Latvian SSR of May 4, 1990 “On the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia”. On August 21, 1991, the Supreme Council of Latvia adopted an act on the succession and legal identity of the Republic of Latvia 1918—1940 and modern Latvia. The inclusion of the treaty of 1920 in the so-called statehood continuity doctrine in modern Latvia is an attempt to overcome the difficult historical past associated with the loss of independence in 1940 and build a concept of legitimate international relations, in which the 1920 treaty plays one of the main roles as the basis for the birth of the sovereign Republic of Latvia.
Russia of the 20th Century in the French School History Textbook
Authors: Chubaryan Alexander
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the place and image of Russia in the French history textbook for the senior class by Guillaume Le Quintrec, which is one of the most popular textbooks in France today and was written in accordance with the new school history curriculum adopted in 2019. Unlike the program and methodological recommendations for it, the textbook presents a fairly balanced analysis of the events that preceded World War II. The author focuses on the European "policy of appeasement of the aggressor" and on the Munich Agreement of 1938 as the culmination of this policy. The Soviet-German pact of 1939 is rightly presented by Le Quintrec as a forced measure on the part of Stalin after the failure of Soviet attempts to create a system of collective security in Europe. As for the description of the events of World War II in the textbook, they are more tendentious. The main events on the eastern front, although mentioned, are presented as an addition to what happened on the western front. Thus, French children may get the impression that the Battle of Stalingrad or the Battle of Moscow did not determine the events on the fronts, but only contributed to the victory of the Allies, which does not correspond to historical reality. However, in describing the events of the Second World War, the text of the textbook seems to be more historical than the content of the program, where the role of the USSR in the victory over Nazism is minimized. Also in the textbook, the main blame for the outbreak of the Cold War is laid on the USSR, and modern Russia is called a "resurgent force" that claims to change the world order. In general, despite the obvious negative trends in the approach to teaching history in European countries, on some key issues of the history of the 20th century, the text of Le Quintrec's textbook looks more balanced than the new French history curriculum adopted in 2019.
Troska Kościoła katolickiego o uchodźców w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie
Authors: Tutak Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

Problematyka uchodźstwa jest dzisiaj aktualna, jak nigdy dotąd. Dzieje się tak z racji rosnącej liczby osób migrujących przymusowo. Przedmiotowa problematyka stanowi istotne zadanie i wyzwanie, przed jakim stoją państwa, społeczeństwa oraz Kościół katolicki. To właśnie poprzez działalność pomocową Kościół realizuje zbawczą misję. Będąc drogowskazem moralnym dla wiernych ukazuje nie tylko, jak nieść pomoc, ale także daje wielu wiernym impuls do zaangażowania się na rzecz drugiego człowieka. Agresja Rosyjska na Ukrainie zapoczątkowana 24 lutego 2022 r. zmieniła nie tylko sytuację geopolityczną w Europie, stała się także swoistym egzaminem z człowieczeństwa dla tych, którzy mają możliwość niesienia pomocy drugiemu człowiekowi. Artykuł prezentuje w syntetyczny sposób podejście Kościoła do problematyki migracji i uchodźstwa. Ponadto praca zawiera dane statystyczne dotyczące współczesnych trendów migracyjnych i uchodźczych. Artykuł przedstawia także formy pomocy, jakie świadczy Kościół katolicki w Polsce na rzecz uchodźców.
Normy ogólne czy przepisy ogólne – refleksje po zmianie nazwy Księgi I Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku w polskim przekładzie z 2021 roku
Authors: Przytulski Mateusz
Published: January 2023

W prezentowanym opracowaniu przedmiotem zainteresowania autora stała się zmiana nazwy I Księgi Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego w najnowszym polskim przekładzie (z 2021 r.) – „Normy ogólne” zmieniono na „Przepisy ogólne”. Rozważania rozpoczęła charakterystyka przepisów o charakterze generalnym sprzed Kodeksu. Następnie poddano krytyce aktualną typiczną nazwę De normis generalibus. Wskazując na komentatorów z romańskiego kręgu kulturowego, autor zasugerował, że posługujący się łaciną ustawodawca kościelny, tak jak i wspomniani kanoniści, mógł postrzegać normę jako przepis. Dalsze omówienie przedstawiło występujące w Kodeksie innego typu przepisy ogólne i ich relację do Księgi I, a także z aspektu teorii prawa ukazało relację przepisu do normy. Według autora, zmiana nazwy tej księgi w nowym tłumaczeniu Kodeksu jest właściwa.
Utilization of Waste from the Enrichment of Non-Ferrous Metal Ores as Secondary Mineral Raw Materials in the Production of Cement Clinker
Authors: Kolesnikov A.S. , Zhanikulov N.N. , Syrlybekkyzy S. , Abduova A.A. , Orazymbetova A.O. , Kolesnikova O.G. , Shal A.L.
Published: January 2023

The scientific results of the optimization of raw materials mixtures for the production of cement clinker with the involvement as a secondary raw material – technogenic waste of the enrichment of non-ferrous metal ores, which by their chemical composition are of interest as an iron-aluminum-silicate raw material component. It has been established that the use of non-ferrous metal ore enrichment waste in the raw material mixture in the form of secondary technogenic raw materials contributes to its utilization, reducing the specific fuel consumption during clinker firing by 5.76%, reducing the firing temperature by 50 °C and obtaining cement clinker that meets the requirements for chemical and mineralogical compositions according to GOST 31108-2016.
Universal Bench for Full-scale Testing of FOPS® Filters. Heavy metals
Authors: Fedorov M.P. , Chechevichkin V.N. , Tryaskin M.A. , Chechevichkin A.V. , Yakunin L.A.
Published: January 2023

The problems associated with the testing of equipment for treating surface runoff contaminated with heavy metals are assessed. The specifics of the heavy metals present in it and the features of processing were considered. The article presents the design of the developed full-scale bench for testing filter cartridges (in particular, FOPS® filters), as well as the technique for modeling waste and natural waters contaminated with heavy metals on it. The study results reflecting the operational features of FOPS® filters were presented.
Methodology for Reliable Assessment of Water Quality. IV. Probability of Satisfactory Normalization and Control (Statistical Analysis, Nonparametric Approach)
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V.I. , Rosenthal O.M.
Published: January 2023

It was emphasized that the assessment of water quality by comparing its characteristics with reference values inevitably leads to the analysis of the area of ambiguity by methods of mathematical statistics. The study results of the aquatic environment are correct if presented in a standard form with indication of confidence intervals and figures. To do this, it was proposed to build a non-parametric tolerance interval that takes into account both the margin and normalized errors of the assessed water quality indicators. Examples of analysis of water quality in natural water bodies of industrial region were provided. The article describes four options for a decisive function in assessing water quality (strict acceptance, strict rejection, non-strict acceptance, non-strict rejection), the choice of which in practice should be made by the water user or contracting parties on the basis of technical features and ecological situation.
Using aerosols to decontaminate surfaces from nucleic acids
Authors: Kuzin Viktor V. , Kolupaeva Nadezhda V. , Shcherbakova Olga A. , Dyatlov Ivan A.
Published: January 2023

The occurrence of cross-contamination, which leads to false-positive results when analyzing samples, is an important problem in the PCR laboratory. There are many ways to solve this problem, but none of them is universal. Treatment with aerosol is preferable for decontamination of large areas of complex surfaces. The goal of this study was to determine the efficiency of different modes of aerosol treatment for disinfection and nucleic acids decontamination. The solutions of compounds evolving active chlorine and active oxygen were used for decontamination of surfaces artificially contaminated with exogenous nucleic acids and bacteria. The potency of active ingredients of these solutions was assessed based on results of disinfection and nuclear acids decontamination. We have demonstrated effective modes of aerosol decontamination. The differences in conditions necessary for the nucleic acid decontamination and bacterial disinfection of laboratory surfaces are discussed.
Do TikTok Discounts Livestream Triggers Gen Z Impulse Buying Behavior
Authors: Ghea Septia Atika Refasa  , Heriyadi  , Bintoro Bagus Purmono  , Barkah  , Helma Malini
Published: January 2023

The popularity of live streaming has changed the pattern of interaction between buyers and sellers in the modern business world. For business people, live streaming brings benefits because product information can be disseminated instantly. The high number of social media users in Indonesia has also led to new marketing methods, one of which is live streaming. This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of discounts on Livestream sales on the TikTok application on impulsive purchases of generation Z in Indonesia, which are mediated by positive emotions. This study involved 220 people from various regions in Indonesia who were collected online using a purposive sampling technique with a questionnaire. The data was analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 24. The results showed that discounts during Livestream selling on the TikTok application had a positive and significant effect on impulse purchases of generation Z in Indonesia. Meanwhile, discounts when selling Livestream on the TikTok application have a positive and significant effect on positive emotions. Positive emotions have an indirect effect between discounts during Livestream selling and impulsive purchases of generation Z in Indonesia. These findings can assist online business players in optimizing marketing in the Livestream selling industry, which is currently booming.