bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide Application as a Risk Factor/Behaviour for Workers’ Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moreira Andreia , Silva Manuela Vieira da
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this review is to determine the main risks that agricultural workers are exposed to during pesticide application, which may have a harmful effect on their health and on public health. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines. A search for articles was conducted in the Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Fifteen articles were selected considering their assessment of agricultural workers' knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, practices, and behaviours, identifying the main risks and risk factors for disease associated with the unsafe handling of pesticides. The main risk factors identified were age, education, pesticide safety training, farming experience, and contact with other farmers/intermediaries resulting in pesticide access. The most frequent risk behaviours were: application of pesticides without personal protective equipment (PPE), incorrect disposal of empty packaging and waste, and undervaluation of label information, as well as other unsafe practices. A multidisciplinary and more effective training must be delivered in order to enhance pesticide safe usage. This will empower workers to adopt more conscious and safer behaviours while using pesticides.
A Polyethylene Glycol Derivatized Laccase with Improved Thermal Resistance
Authors: Mot Augustin C. , Botis Antoanela C , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu
Published: August 2023

Laccases are versatile and relatively accessible catalysts with practical/industrial applications. Their proteic nature entails limited stability under non-native conditions, especially such as those that would be required for industrial applications. Here, derivatization of a laccase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is reported, using an (methyl-PEG12)3-PEG4) N-succinimide ester in order to improve the thermostability of the enzyme. The PEGylated laccase is characterized using gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography, catalytic parameters and thermal stability. A 50% increase in residual activity after incubation at 50°C for up to two hours was achieved for the PEGylated laccase compared to the native enzyme.
A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Nogales-Delgado Sergio , Encinar José María , González Juan Félix
Published: August 2023

The use of biolubricants as an alternative for petroleum-based products has played an important role in the last decade. Thus, due to the encouragement of global policies, which mainly support green chemistry and circular economy, there has been an increasing interest in bio-based products, including biolubricants, from scientific and industrial points of view. Due to the different applications of biolubricants for a wide range of practical uses, the raw materials, production, and characteristics might vary, making this field a continuously changing subject of study by researchers. The aim of this research work was to focus on biolubricant production from vegetable oil crops in a bio-refinery perspective, paying attention to the main raw materials used, the corresponding production methods (with special focus on double transesterification), the role of catalysts and techno-economic studies. Thus, the main factors affecting quality parameters such as viscosity or oxidative stability have been covered, including catalyst addition, reaction temperature or the use of raw materials, reagents or additives were also analyzed. The latest research trends were included, updating previous studies about this matter, considering current conclusions and future research.
Monitoring Horseradish Peroxidase Activity with a Nanopore Detector
Authors: Ivanov Yuri , Ableev Alexander , Shumov Ivan , Ivanova Irina , Vaulin Nikita , Lebedev Denis , Bukatin Anton , Mukhin Ivan , Archakov Alexander
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate the use of a nanotechnology-based approach for the investigation of enzymatic activity of a single molecule of horseradish peroxidase with a solid-state nanopore. The artificial 5 nm solid-state nanopore has been formed in a 40-nm-thick silicon nitride structure. Single molecule of HRP has been entrapped into the nanopore. The activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme molecule inserted in the nanopore has been monitored by recording the time dependence of the ion current through the nanopore in the course of the reaction of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation reaction. We have found that in the process of ABTS oxidation in the presence of 2.5 mM hydrogen peroxide, individual HRP enzyme molecules are able to retain activity for approximately 700 seconds before a decrease in the ion current through the nanopore, which can be explained by structural changes of the enzyme.
Prospective Comparative Study of Etoposide plus G-CSF versus G-CSF Alone, Followed by Risk-Adapted Plerixafor for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Catholic Research Network for Multiple Myeloma Study (CARE-MM 2001)
Authors: Park Sung-Soo , Min Chang-Ki , Jeon Young-Woo , Yhang Seung-Ah , Shin Seung-Hwan
Published: August 2023

To explore more effective and safer mobilization strategies for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, we conducted a prospective trial comparing single-dose etoposide (375 mg/m2 for one day) plus G-CSF versus G-CSF alone followed by risk-adapted plerixafor. After randomization, 27 patients in the etoposide group and 29 patients in the G-CSF alone group received mobilization regimens. Six (22.2%) patients in the etoposide group and 15 (51.7%) patients in the G-CSF alone group received a risk-adapted plerixafor based on a peripheral blood CD34+ cell count of less than 15/mm3 (P = 0.045). The median total count of CD34+ stem cells collected was significantly higher in the etoposide group (9.5 × 106/kg vs. 7.9 × 106/kg; P = 0.018), but the optimal collection (CD34+ cell count ≥ 6 × 106/kg) rates were not significantly different between the etoposide group and the G-CSF alone groups (96.3% vs. 82.8%; P = 0.195). The rate of collected CD34+ stem cells of 8.0 × 106/kg or grater was significantly higher in the etoposide group (77.8% vs 44.8%; P = 0.025). Meanwhile, the rates of adverse events of were relatively low, with no neutropenic fever or septic shock observed in either group. After transplantation, the median days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were not significantly different between the two groups (P =1.000 in both). Thus, both single-dose etoposide plus G-CSF and G-CSF alone with risk-adapted plerixafor were effective and safe, but the former may be the better option for patients who are expected to receive two or more transplantations.
New Prognostic Index for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Outcomes in Patients with Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Huo Chuying , Wu Bin , Ye Dongdong , Xu Miaochun , Ma Shaolin , Cheng Aoshuang , Liu Yunyun , Huang Chunxian , Zhang Yuhao , Lin Zhongqiu , Lei Xinyuan , Li Bowen , Lu Huaiwu
Published: August 2023

Background: A prognostic index validated for the outcomes of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is still lacking. We therefore developed an ovarian neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognostic index (ONCPI) to enhance predictive accuracy.
Methods: We analyzed clinicopathologic feature of advanced HGSOC patients receiving platinum-based NACT. Blood inflammatory composite markers were calculated and binary-transformed by optimal cutoffs. The omental hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were selected for the assessment of chemotherapy response score (CRS). Logistic regression analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression model were utilized to develop a prognostic index.
Results: Multivariate analysis showed that CRS and neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are independent risk factors for platinum-chemotherapy response. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis revealed that CRS score was significantly correlated with PFS and OS, and NLR-high patients was associated with poor OS. We further developed an ONCPI model based on the CRS score and NLR level. Survival analysis suggested that patients with score 0 and 1 of ONCPI were significantly associated with improved PFS and OS.
Conclusions: The ONCPI score emerges as a significant prognostic marker for predicting NACT outcomes in advanced HGSOC patients. Its integration into clinical practice and risk-stratified trial design is conceivable.
The Possibility to Estimate In Situ the Porosity of Permafrost: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Eppelbaum Lev
Published: August 2023

Knowledge of permafrost’s ice and unfrozen water content is critical for predicting the permafrost behavior during ice–water–ice transition. This is especially relevant when ice and permafrost are melting in many regions under the influence of global warming. It is well-known that only a part of the formation's pore water turns into ice at 0 ^oC. After the further lowering the temperature, the water phase transition continues, but at gradually decreasing rates. Thus, the porous space is filled with ice and unfrozen water. The laboratory data show that frozen formations' mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties strongly depend on the moisture content. Hence, porosity and temperature are essential parameters of permafrost. In this paper, it is shown how, and by combining research in three fields: (1) geophysical exploration, (2) numerical modeling, and (3) temperature logging, it is possible to estimate in-situ the porosity of permafrost. To demonstrate the procedure, five examples of numerical modeling (where all input parameters are specified) are given. This investigation is the first attempt to analyze the permafrost’s porosity in situ quantitively.
The Characteristics of Metabolites in the Development of Atherosclerosis by the Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Shen Liye , Wang Jinlong , Pan Yongming , Huang Junjie , Zhu Keyan , Tu Haiye , Chen Minli
Published: August 2023

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive disease caused by lipometabolic disorder. However, the pathological characteristics and mechanism of AS have not been fully clarified. By high fat and cholesterol diet induction, Tibetan minipig could be developed to the AS model animal which had a very similar pathogenesis to human AS. Methods: Here, we built the AS model of Tibetan minipigs and identified the differential abundance metabolites in the development of AS based on untargeted metabolomics. Results: We found that the sphingolipid metabolism and glucose oxidation were enriched in the AS group and the phenylalanine metabolism was reduced in the AS group. Moreover, in the development of AS, gluconolactone was enriched in the late stage of AS whereas biopterin was enriched in the early stage of AS. Conclusion: Gluconolactone and biopterin could be potential biomarkers for indicating the development of AS. Our research provides novel clues for the metabolic mechanism of AS from the perspective of metabolomics.
SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in a Small-Sized Municipality in Ceará State, Brazil: Temporal and Spatial Evolution
Authors: Nascimento dos Santos Jaliana Holanda , Alencar Carlos Henrique , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: August 2023

Data on the temporal and spatial evolution of Sars-Cov-2, local control measures and their effects on morbidity and mortality patterns in rural Brazil are scarce. We analyzed data from case notification systems, epidemiological investigation reports, and municipal decrees in a small municipality in northeast Brazil. For spatial analysis, cases and deaths in the urban area were mapped. There were a total of 3,020 cases of COVID-19 from April 2020 to December 2021; 135 (4.5%) died. The cumulative incidence and mortality rates were 5,650.3 cases and 252.6 deaths per 100,000 population, respectively. The index case of Sars-Cov-2 in the city was diagnosed in March 2020. The first peak of cases and deaths occurred in May 2020. The second wave of infection peaked in May 2021, with the highest number of deaths in March 2021. In spatial analysis, the highest density of cases and deaths occurred in the urban area. The municipal government issued 69 decrees on restriction measures, surveillance, and maintenance of social isolation to address the spread of SarsCov-2. The spread of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic in Itapajé mirrored the behavior observed in large metropolitan regions, from central neighborhoods to the periphery.
The Archaeome's Role in Colorectal Cancer: Unveiling the DPANN Group and Investigating Archaeal Functional Signatures
Authors: Mathlouthi Nour El Houda , Belguith Imen , Yengui Mariem , Oumarou Hama Hamadou , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Ammar Keskes Leila , Grine Ghiles , Gdoura Radhouane
Published: August 2023

Background & Aims: Gut microbial imbalances are linked to colorectal cancer (CRC), but archae-‎a's role remains underexplored. Here, we performed bioinformatic and statistical analysis looking ‎for archaeal taxonomic and functional signatures related to CRC. Methods: We analyzed pub-‎lished fecal metagenomic data from 390 subjects, comparing the archaeomes of CRC and healthy ‎individuals. We conducted a biostatistical analysis to investigate the relationship between Candi-‎datus Mancarchaeum acidiphilum (DPANN superphylum) and other archaeal species associated ‎with CRC. Using the Prokka tool, we annotated the data focusing on archaeal genes, subsequently ‎linking them to CRC and mapping them against UniprotKB and GO databases for specific ar-‎chaeal gene functions. Results: Our analysis identified enrichment of methanogenic archaea in ‎healthy subjects, with an exception for Methanobrevibacter smithii, which correlated with CRC. ‎Notably, CRC showed a strong association with archaeal species, particularly Natrinema sp. J7-2, ‎Ferroglobus placidus, and Candidatus Mancarchaeum acidiphilum. Furthermore, the DPANN ar-‎chaeon exhibited a significant correlation with other CRC-associated archaea (p < 0.001). Func-‎tionally, we found a marked association between MvhB-type polyferredoxin and colorectal can-‎cer. We also highlighted the association of archaeal proteins involved in the biosynthesis of leucine ‎and the galactose metabolism process with the healthy phenotype. Conclusion: The archaeomes ‎of CRC patients show identifiable alterations, including a decline in methanogens and an increase ‎in Halobacteria species. MvhB-type polyferredoxin, linked with CRC and species like Candidatus ‎Mancarchaeum acidiphilum, Natrinema sp. J7-2 and Ferroglobus placidus emerge as potential archaeal ‎biomarkers. Archaeal proteins may also offer gut protection, underscoring archaea’s role in CRC ‎dynamics.
Integration of Evaporative Greenhouse, Internet of Things and Root-zone Cooling to Enhance Growth and Development of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in Tropical Climate
Authors: Naphrom Daruni , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , SANTASUP CHOOCHAD , Panchai Werapat , Boonraeng Suwit , Na nan Nuttapong , Promwungkwa Anucha
Published: August 2023

The experiment was carried out during October 2022 to January 2023 at Mae Hea Agricultural Research, Demonstration and Training Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; latitude: 18° 44′ 36″ North, Longitude: 98° 57′ 50″ East, and an al-titude 304 msl. Evaporative greenhouse, 9.6 x 40 square meters, with 8 planting troughs was prepared, Sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) system were installed to monitor continuously vital parameters, collect data, and send timely alerts to facilitate problem resolution. The data were displayed via IoT platform dashboard. An average air temperature, light intensity, media moisture and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse during 4 months was 21.1 ◦C, 12,948 Lux, 2 kPa and 495 ppm, respectively. The average maximum temperature in the evaporative greenhouse was 29.6 ◦C, which 4.2 ◦C lower than outside; 33.8 ◦C. Root-zone cooling of the strawberry planting was de-signed as factorial 3x4 in completely randomized design (CRD). Factor A was the short-day strawberry cultivars: 1) “Pharachatan 88” 2) “Pharachatan 80” and 3) “Akihime”. Factor B was the root-zone cooling treatments: 1) normal water dripping (NWD) 2) cold water dripping (CWD) 3) cold water dripping + cold water piping (CWD+CWP) and 4) normal water dripping + cold water piping (NWD+CWP). The results revealed that there was an interaction between the two factors on canopy width, leave width, crown diameter, number of flowers, fruit qualities and fruit color, whereas plant height, leaves length, SPAD and number of inflorescences were not affected by the interaction between the two factors. Four months after the experiment, the root-zone cooling treatments had no effect on chlorophyll contents, whereas “Pharachatan 80” had lower chlorophyll content than others. The CWD+CWP treatment could reduce 2 °C of root-zone temperature and leading to promote vegetative and reproductive growth in strawberry plants. Anyhow, without the root-zone cooling treatment, “Akihime”and “Pharachatan 88” still could produce flowers and yield, but “Pharachatan 80” could not. Furthermore, “Akihime” seemed appreciable in flowering, TSS and yield as compared to others.
Regulation of Bimetallic Coordination Centers in MOF Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Yang Rui , Huang Qun , Sha Xuelan , Gao Beibei , Peng Juan
Published: August 2023

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals can alleviate the energy crisis, and solve the greenhouse effect. The key is to develop non-noble metal electrocatalysts with high activity, selectivity and stability. Herein, bimetallic MOF materials (BiZn-MOF, BiSn-MOF and BiIn-MOF) were constructed by coordinating the P-zone transition metals Zn, In, Sn and Bi with the organic ligand 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid (H2atzc) through a rapid microwave synthesis approach. The coordination centers in bimetallic MOF Catalyst were regulated to optimize the catalytic performance to CO2RR. The optimized catalyst BiZn-MOF exhibited high catalytic activity than those of Bi-MOF, BiSn-MOF and BiIn-MOF. The BiZn-MOF exhibited a higher selectivity for formate production with a Faradic efficiency (FE=92%) at a potential of -0.9 V (vs. RHE) with a current density of 13 mA/cm2. The current density maintained for 13 h continuous electrolysis. The electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid mainly follows the *OCHO pathway. The good catalytic performance of BiZn-MOF may be attributed to the Bi-Zn bimetallic coordination centers in the MOF, which can reduce the binding energies of the reaction intermediates by tuning the electronic structure and atomic arrangement. This study provides a feasible strategy for performance optimization of bismuth-based catalysts.
Assessment of basal metabolic rate in adolescent athletes
Authors:   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Stolyarova S.A. , Okorokov P.L. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zyabkin I.V. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Babaeva E.V. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Isaeva E.P. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To assess the intensity of basal metabolism in adolescent elite athletes. Patients and methods. This study included 154 adolescent athletes (42 boys, 112 girls) aged 13–18 years (mean age: 15.3 ± 2.5 years). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured in all participants using respiratory indirect calorimetry and the Harris–Benedict equation. Study design: single-center, cross-sectional, randomized, uncontrolled. Results. An increase in BMR was revealed in 79 (51%) participants, normal BMR – in 50 (33%) participants, and a decrease in BMR – in 25 (16%) participants. Increased BMR was statistically significantly more common in boys compared to girls (83% and 39% respectively, p = 0,01), whereas decreased BMR was more characteristic of girls compared to boys (20% and 4%, respectively, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Most adolescent athletes show an increase in BMR, which reflects an adaptation of the organism to high physical exertion. A decrease in BMR may indicate the presence of relative energy deficiency in athletes. The Harris–Benedict equation significantly underestimates the value of BMR in adolescent athletes and is not an alternative to respiratory indirect calorimetry when individual assessment of energy expenditure is necessary as part of biomedical support. Key words: children, high-performance sport, basal metabolic rate, indirect calorimetry
Comparative analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers and outpatient observation of children in the first year of life with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubrovskaya M.I. , Gryaznova E.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Turchinskaya A.I. ,   Medical Center “A Medclinic”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chak A.A. ,   Medical Center “A Medclinic”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kovtun T.A. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To compare the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and outpatient observation of children of the same age using a parental questionnaire for the identification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) according to the Rome IV criteria. Patients and methods. A total of 387 questionnaires completed by mothers of children aged 0–12 months were analyzed, as well as the results of observation of 61 children performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Results. Analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and observation of children of the same age revealed no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of FGIDs between these groups. The prevalence of regurgitation, infant colic, and dyschezia gradually decreased by 12 months of age in contrast to constipation, which debuted at the age of 3 months and by 12 months occurred with a prevalence of up to 14.9 and 8.2%, according to questionnaires completed by mothers and outpatient examinations, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate the potential use of online surveys of mothers as a screening diagnostic tool for FGIDs in children of early age. Key words: children, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Rome IV Criteria, online survey, regurgitation, colic, dyschezia, constipation, first year of life
Results of a clinical study of a specialized food product for dietary therapeutic nutrition “Bifinilan” for children over seven years of age with phenylketonuria
Authors:   V.N.Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Zhukova T.P. , Ratnikova S.Yu. ,   V.N.Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Irinina N.A. ,   Vladimir Regional Clinical Hospital, Vladimir, Russian Federation, Zaytseva E.S. ,   V.N.Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Sedova N.B. ,   V.N.Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a specialized food product for dietary therapeutic nutrition “Bifinilan” in children over 7 years of age with phenylketonuria. Patients and methods. An open-label prospective study was conducted in outpatient clinical settings. It included 17 children with phenylketonuria aged between 8 and 15 years (12 girls and 5 boys), who received a specialized product “Bifinilan” for 30 ± 2 days. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics, blood phenylalanine levels determined by the fluorescent method were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results. During the study, blood phenylalanine levels decreased significantly and were within the reference range (median before the study was 9.11 mg/dL, at the end of the study – 6.17 mg/dL, p < 0.05). At the same time, in children with initially elevated phenylalanine level, it decreased to an acceptable range, and in children with a normal phenylalanine level, it remained within the same range. Patients, their parents, and physicians were completely satisfied with the use of the product, which was well tolerated and the transition to which was not followed by an adaptation period. Conclusion. The efficacy, safety, and good tolerability of a specialized food product for dietary therapeutic nutrition “Bifinilan” in children over 7 years of age with phenylketonuria was demonstrated. Key words: children, specialized food product for dietary therapeutic nutrition, phenylalanine, phenylketonuria
Aerophagia in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polyakova S.I. , Khazykova G.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubrovskaya M.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ryazanova O.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Botkina A.S. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Aerophagia is a functional disorder associated with air swallowing, which is manifested by belching, abdominal distension and bloating and can carry a pathological character with possible surgical complications. The prevalence of aerophagia among children ranges from 1% to 5%. Children with cognitive deficits and neurological and psychiatric diseases are 4 times more likely to suffer from aerophagia than neurotypical children. In these patients, aerophagia should be considered not as an independent functional disorder, but as a manifestation of neurological and psychiatric pathology (in particular, stereotypic behavior and sensory deficits). Uncontrolled aerophagia in children with autism spectrum disorders requires minimum examination and therapy correction for the underlying disease. This article presents a clinical case of aerophagia in two children with autism spectrum disorder. Key words: aerophagia, bloating, children, cognitive deficits, swallowing disorders, belching, autism spectrum disorder
Clinical case of hereditary pancreatitis in four siblings due to mutations in the PRSS1 gene
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ipatova M.G. ,   N.F.Filatov City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kholostova V.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.F.Filatov City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chekh S.M. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sergeeva E.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Razumovskiy A.Yu. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.F.Filatov City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Hereditary pancreatitis in children remains a challenging problem in clinical genetics, gastroenterology, and surgery. Genetic causes account for more than 50% of all cases of acute recurrent pancreatitis and 75% of chronic pancreatitis in children. The development of chronic pancreatitis is commonly caused by mutations in the CFTR, PRSS1, SPINK1, CTRC, and CPA1 genes. This article presents a clinical case of hereditary pancreatitis with an autosomal dominant inheritance in 4 siblings, in whom a pathogenic variant in the PRSS1 gene was detected during molecular genetic testing. Key words: hereditary pancreatitis, pathogenic variant, PRSS1 gene, children, siblings
Innovative approaches to treatment of human herpesvirus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   I.P.Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Isakov D.V.
Published: August 2023

During lifetime the human body is constantly in contact with various microorganisms, which can be either harmless and/or beneficial, or can cause various infectious diseases. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are the most common among them: according to the official report “The 2020 Status of Sanitary and Epidemiological Population Well-being in the Russian Federation” the economic cost of ARVI of multiple and unspecified localization was quite substantial, amounting to 606,505,442.0 roubles. The main causative agents of ARVI are influenza viruses type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, human metapneumoviruses and seasonal coronaviruses. Several viruses, such as influenza virus, measles virus and coronaviruses MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19) can cause severe pneumonia, which clinical picture can partially resemble seasonal ARVI. In addition to the well-known respiratory pathogens, special attention should be given to human herpesviruses with lifelong persistence that can cause chronic infections as well as reveal impaired immune surveillance. They are also detected in reactivation state in human lung (and other) tissues during asymptomatic course (HSV-1, EBV, CMV, HHV-6B, HHV-7). In this regard, it is essential to analyse the latest data on herpesviruses reactivation, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: latent herpesviruses, genome editing, memory T-cell, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Ophthalmoferon, Herpferon, Grippferon, COVID-19
Antiviral therapy experience in patients with chronic hepatitis D and decompensated cirrhosis
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Magomedova S.A. , Arbulieva E.A. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Abdurakhmanov D.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Alieva I.O. ,   A.M.Magomedov Republican Center for Infectious Diseases, Prevention and Control of AIDS, Makhachkala, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To evaluate the possibility of using bulevirtide, the HBV and HDV entry inhibitor, in patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD) at the stage of decompensated cirrhosis. Patients and methods. The results of the use of bulevirtide 2 mg in 14 patients with CHD at the stage of cirrhosis with impaired liver function – class B (13 patients) and C (1 patient) according to Child–Pugh were analyzed; 12 patients received monotherapy with bulevirtide, 2 patients received combination therapy with bulevirtide and peginterferon. Results. The use of bulevirtide for 48 weeks demonstrated a reduction in HDV RNA levels from 6.1 log10 to 3.6 log10 (p = 0.006); the achievement of a virological response in 70% of patients, a decrease in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 52 to 29 U/L (р = 0,04), an increase in the frequency of detection of normal ALT levels compared with the baseline (from 43 to 82%), a decrease in liver stiffness from 20.8 kPa to 18.6 kPa (p = 0.016) (with a median decrease of 10.1 kPa); safety and good tolerability (no serious adverse events (AEs), severe or moderate AEs, cases of discontinuation of treatment). Positive dynamics of liver function parameters was observed: a decrease in the severity of liver disease to the level of compensated cirrhosis (decline in Child–Pugh score by 2 points), the frequency of hepatic encephalopathy (from 86 to 9%), ascites (from 64 to 18%), bilirubin levels, increased levels of albumin, prothrombin. The dynamics of the number of leukocytes and platelets during treatment did not require treatment correction. Conclusion. The analysis of the first experience in Russia of antiviral therapy for CHD and decompensated cirrhosis allows us to recommend the use of bulevirtide in this category of patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal treatment regimens, the impact of treatment on clinical outcomes, the risk of hepatic complications (decompensation, HCC, death from liver failure or transplantation) and patient survival. Key words: bulevirtide, chronic hepatitis D, decompensated cirrhosis, chronic liver failure
GGT Level as a New Biomarker of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis Comparing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients with Non-ICU Cases
Authors:   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Tahani Masoud , Nasab Shiva Rakhshani ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Shahramian Iraj ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Afshari Mahdi ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Mirzaei Hadi ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Parooie Fateme ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Salarzaei Morteza ,   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
Published: August 2023

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in many body organs, and its highest concentration is found in the liver. The level of GGT is increased following liver damage in different diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate GGT levels in COVID-19 patients and determine its predictive role in diagnosing the severity of the disease. The methods used in this systematic review were performed by the PRISMA checklist instructions. Two independent researchers searched international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) to find related studies published in English from the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to October 2021. Stata software version 11 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Serum GGT level in ICU patients was 18.19 units higher than in other patients. This difference was statistically significant. Also, ALT and AST levels among ICU patients were higher than patients in other wards, which showed a statistically significant difference. GGT seems to be a good predictor for the severity of COVID-19. Laboratory data in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, including serum levels of GGT, ALT, and AST, play an essential part in predicting poor outcomes, especially among ICU patients. Key words: Gamma glutamyl transferase, COVID-19, biomarker, systematic review, meta-analysis
Review of nasal drugs for prevention and treatment of airborne infections
Authors:   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lyutov A.G. , Aleshkin V.A. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Novikova L.I. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bochkareva S.S. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kostrova O.M. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Aleshkin A.V. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zueva M.M. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Airborne infections constitute an extensive group of human diseases. The first barrier to the penetration of infectious agents is the oropharyngeal mucosa, where the autonomic immune system plays a special role. Therefore, maintaining the active function of mucosal immunity and its correction in situ, in the focus of inflammation, is an important way to stop respiratory infections. The coronavirus pandemic has spurred the search for effective means of preventing and treating viral diseases. Various nasal formulations have been proposed with barrier, virucidal, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. An important place belongs to antibodies directed against a specific pathogen, for which it is proposed to use monoclonal antibodies, antibodies isolated from eggs of immunized chickens, nano-antibodies of representatives of the Camelid family, or colostrum antibodies of vaccinated cows. In our opinion, it is more attractive to use antibodies isolated from human blood plasma, which have a wide spectrum of activity, therefore, in the case of mixed infection or difficult diagnosis, they can have a preventive or therapeutic effect against many pathogens. Nasal drops or spray containing human immunoglobulin can be an effective treatment for many bacterial and viral infections, including COVID-19. Key words: аirborne infections, COVID-19, prevention, nasal drugs, antibodies, human immunoglobulin
Features of screening diagnostics of joint hypermobility in primary school children
Authors:   University Aged Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vasilyev O.S. ,   Russian University of Sports, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Central State Medical Academy of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russian Federation, Voynov V.B. ,   University Aged Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Achkasov E.E. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Takhavieva F.V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Fedeartion, Rokhlin A.V. ,   University Aged Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian University of Sports, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Joint hypermobility is a little-studied and relatively new risk factor for Russian school medicine, leading to impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system. The study involved 50 conditionally healthy children of primary school from 7 to 8.4 years. Main group consisted of 26 students of the 1st grade (12 boys, 14 girls) of the village school "Podosinki" (Moscow region). Сomparison group consisted of 24 female athletes (engaged in rhythmic gymnastics for at least one year) from 7.7 to 8.3 years, living in Moscow and Moscow region. All children underwent a detailed study of the volume of passive movements in the wrist, elbow, knee and hip joints, as well as in the small joints of the hand; Postural changes were determined by non-invasive methods. Comparison of the results in both groups showed that all respondents equally have risk factors for the development of orthopedic diseases and pathological conditions: posture disorders (kyphoscoliotic type), valgus installation of feet and flattening of their arches of the feet (mobile flat feet), hypermobility of the joints. The results of the study questioned the adequacy of the assessment of hypermobility on the Beighton scоre in children of this age group; According to studies, further research is needed to find a measure of joint hypermobility in children. The study was conducted with the support of the Ministry of Education of Russia. Key words: joint hypermobility, children, musculoskeletal system, risk factors
The modern management of Grave’s disease in children
Authors:   Kh.M.Berbekova Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Zhurtova I.B. , Gubachikova A.M. ,   Kh.M.Berbekova Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Elgarova M.A. ,   Kh.M.Berbekova Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Taova M.S. ,   Kh.M.Berbekova Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Hyperthyroidism is a pathological condition characterized by over production of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) by the thyroid gland. The most often cause of hyperthyroidism in children is a diffuse toxic goiter (GD) with typical laboratory changes in blood and severe clinical duration. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in children are similar with adults, but in children we can find accelerated growth rates, increased fatigue and decreased academic performance. The article presents up-to-date data on the management of pediatric patients with GD with references to the 2022 clinical guidelines of the European Thyroid Association for the management of Graves' disease in children. Key words: hyperthyroidism, childhood , diffuse toxic goiter, thyroid gland
Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the glycemic profile in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Vitebskaya A.V. , Frolkova N.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolosova N.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Frolkova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The administration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) might cause dose-dependent hyperglycemia and poorer glycemic control in patients with earlier diagnosed carbohydrate metabolism disorders. However, not in all patients, ICS affects glycated hemoglobin, the main marker of diabetes mellitus. Objective: to assess the effect of ICS on the glycemic profile of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). We demonstrated how ICS can affect the glycemic profile in DM1 patients on the example of two cases. ICS can cause short-term increase in blood glucose in some DM1 patients, comparable to postprandial levels; however, ICS does not compromise glycemic control. Nevertheless, such cases have to be managed by a pulmonologist and a pediatric endocrinologist for individual correction of therapy. Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, children, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchial obstruction, carbohydrate metabolism, glycemic profile
Incidence of perinatal pathology in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center for High Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Plotnikova E.V. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kochorova L.V. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vishnyakov N.I. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Konstantinova P.I. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To analyze the incidence of perinatal pathology in different regions of the Russian Federation between 2016 and 2021. Materials and methods. We analyzed official statistical documents reporting cases of perinatal pathology between 2016 and 2021. We calculated incidence and prevalence of perinatal abnormalities and evaluated their dynamics over 6 years. Results. The absolute number of children with diseases developing in the perinatal period remains unacceptably high. The incidence of these diseases varies significantly across different regions of the Russian Federation. In 2021, the highest incidence of perinatal pathology was observed in the Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts (17.9‰ and 16.4‰, respectively). In general, the incidence of congenital anomalies (malformations), deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities in Russia between 2016 to 2021 tended to decrease by 16.5% (from 10.9‰ to 9.1‰). Conclusion. The increasing incidence of malformations in children necessitates an improvement of specialized medical care, including rehabilitation for such patients. Key words: analysis of incidence, pediatric population, perinatal pathology
Ulcerative colitis, hereditary thrombophilia and coronavirus infection as links in a chain: the clinical case of comorbidity in 12-year-old girl
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Fedulova E.N. , Khavkin A.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Medyansteva G.V. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Tsaryev V.A. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

We present the clinical case of a 12-year-old girl with acute ulcerative colitis (UC), which was clinically manifested by blood in the stool, and genetic thrombophilia, which in turn was manifested by thrombotic changes in the veins of the left lower limb and clinically we faced with the swelling of the left leg. At the colonoscopy and histological examination of biopsies we established the pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine, on CT of the abdominal organs with contrast enhancement and ultrasound of the lower extremities found the venous thrombosis. The complexity of this clinical case is due to the difficulty of differential diagnosis of thrombotic complications of UC and hereditary thrombophilia.The main therapy for thrombosis causes a high risk of aggravation of hematological manifestations of UC, which required a long-term selection of suitable therapy that allowed the thrombotic masses to dissolve without gastrointestinal bleeding. The condition of patient was improved significantly against the background of therapy with sulfasalazine and heparin. Key words: genetic thrombophilia, heparin, colonoscopy, sulfasalazine, thrombosis, ulcerative colitis