bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aegeus
Authors: Cursaru Gabriela
Published: December 2016

Mythical king of Athens, Aegeus was the eldest son of Pandion II and of Pylia, or was secretly adopted by Pandion. Shadowed by Poseidon, Aegeus is just a secondary figure in the Athenian myth. This parallelism between Aegeus and Poseidon was explained by either a “rationalistic” version of the myth or by the close connection between Aegeus and Poseidon Aigios in the Athenian cult. Aegeus was one of the eponymic heroes of Attica and gave his name to the Aegean Sea.
Religion
Authors: Vecoli Fabrizio
Published: December 2016

Religion is a concept impossible to define successfully, for it has emerged from a typically western, and specifically Latin linguistic tradition. The concept must then be deconstructed and its historical evolution traced. Three Latin etymologies were put forth by ancient authors, each of which correspond with major paradigms for understanding the phenomenon: religion as cult (ritual), religion as personal or inner relationship with the divine, religion as return to the authentic spiritual essence of human nature. After its formation and evolution within Latin culture (pagan or Christian), the Reformation, the Industrial Revolution, colonialism and postcolonial deconstructionism represent other essential stages in the development of the concept of religion as we understand it today. The question that remains unanswered concerns the autonomy of its object: between reductionism and essentialism, the question of the nature of religion never ceases to arouse the interest of researchers.
Diogenes of Oinoanda
Authors: Hammerstaedt Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Diogenes of Oinoanda published in his old age, probably in the early second century
ce
, a huge Greek inscription on the wall of a stoa in his Lycian native city. Seven inscribed courses of stone presented treatises on Epicurean physics and ethics, letters of Diogenes himself and (allegedly) of Epicurus, philosophical maxims, and defense of old age. The three hundred known fragments are a unique source of Epicureanism in Roman times.
Gaius
Authors: Briguglio Filippo
Published: December 2016

Gaius was a Roman jurist of the second century
ce
. His importance today principally derives from the fact that his most important text, the
Institutiones
, is the only work of classical jurisprudence to have come down to us without the intermediation of Justinian's compilers.
Epithets, divine (Greece and Rome)
Authors: Lebreton Sylvain
Published: December 2016

Divine epithets are a fundamental feature of Greek and Roman religions. Cult‐epithets, even more than poetic ones, are of the highest interest to understand how ancient polytheisms worked. Along with theonyms, they form a double system of divine denomination which allowed worshipers to define which divine protection they expected. Their distribution among gods and goddesses is very instructive about the links between deities, as well as between the different figures of a single divine power.
Prodikos of Keos
Authors: Mayhew Robert
Published: December 2016

Prodikos of Keos was a Greek sophist living primarily in the fifth centurybce. No works of his are extant, though his famous Herakles‐speech is preserved in some form in Xenophon'sMemorabilia. In addition to the defense of virtue in this speech, he was also known in antiquity for making fine linguistic distinctions, and for his rejection of the traditional Olympian gods.
Source‐Gated Transistors Based on Solution Processed Silicon Nanowires for Low Power Applications
Authors: Opoku Charles , Sporea Radu A. , Stolojan Vlad , Silva S. Ravi P. , Shkunov Maxim
Published: December 2016

The solution‐based assembly of field‐effect transistors using nanowire inks, processed at low temperatures, offers an enormous potential for low power applications envisioned for the “Internet of Things,” including power management sensor circuits and electronics for in vivo bioimplants. Such low‐temperature assembly, however, yields substantial contact potential barriers, with limited capacity for high current applications. In this study, the Schottky effect in a specific transistor configuration is utilized to achieve much reduced power consumption, with low saturation voltages (≈1 V), with relatively thick 230‐nm SiO2 dielectrics. These source‐gated transistors (SGTs) employ solution‐deposited silicon nanowire arrays. A range of metal electrode work functions are investigated as device contacts and SGT operation is realized only in the structures with high source contact barriers. Such devices show very early drain current pinch‐off, abruptly saturating at low drain voltages. The authors show that drain‐current modulation is achieved via the gate field acting on the source barrier and lowering it through image force effects. Activation energy measurements reveal gate‐induced source barrier lowering of ≈3 meV V−1. Numerical simulations show excellent correlation with the experimental data. These features, coupled with flat current saturation characteristics, are ideal for a range of low power applications, including wearable electronics and autonomous systems.
Fabrication of isocyanate‐based polyimide foam by a postgrafting method
Authors: Sun Gaohui , Wang Wenpeng , Zhang Chao , Liu Lianhe , Wei Hao , Han Shihui
Published: December 2016

Density and flame retardancy controlled isocyanate‐based polyimide foam was prepared by a postgrafting method. The first solution containing prepolymer that was synthesized by dianhydride and overdose isocyanates was added into the second solution containing dianhydride derivatives, water, catalysts, and surfactants. The possible reactions during preparation are discussed. The obtained Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that an increased amount of imide rings was generated with increasing molar ratio of the anhydride/isocyanate groups. The size and walls of the cells became smaller and thinner with less carbon dioxide (CO2) escaping into the air during the first solution preparation process, as shown in scanning electron microscopy images. The thermogravimetric analysis curves demonstrated that the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was greater than 289 °C, and the residual weight retention at 800 °C was more than 45%. In addition, differential thermogravimetry curves demonstrated that the thermal stability decreased with more byproducts in polyimide foams. The limiting oxygen index increased gradually from 30.63% ± 0.56 to 48% ± 0.50 with increasing molar ratio of the anhydride/isocyanate groups. Meanwhile, the density of obtained polyimide foams ranged from 38.31 kg/m3 ± 0.90 to 99.53 kg/m3 ± 10.85. When the molar ratio of anhydride/isocyanate groups ranged from 0.4 to 0.8, the prepared isocyanate‐based polyimide foams all exhibit both great flame retardancy and lower density. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44240.
Investigations on Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and COX‐2 Inhibitory Potential of Alkaloids from Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. Leaves
Authors: Chandel Madhu , Kumar Manish , Sharma Upendra , Singh Bikram , Kaur Satwinderjeet
Published: December 2016

In the present study, an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. commonly known as ‘Kadamb’ was explored for its potential against oxidative stress and cancer. The fractions namely AC‐4 and ACALK (alkaloid rich fraction) were isolated from A. cadamba leaves by employing two different isolation methods and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The structure of the isolated AC‐4 was characterized tentatively as dihydrocadambine by using various spectroscopic techniques such as ESI‐QTOF‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC. Results of various antioxidant assays viz. 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS cation radical, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and plasmid nicking assay demonstrated that both the fractions viz. AC‐4 and ACALK possess ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS radicals and effectively protected plasmid pBR322 DNA from damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Further, when both fractions were evaluated for their potential to suppress growth of HeLa and COLO 205 cells, only ACALK fraction showed antiproliferative effects. ACALK exhibited GI50 of 205.98 and 99.54 μg/ml in HeLa and COLO 205 cell lines, respectively. Results of Hoechst staining in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells confirmed that ACALK induced cell death in HeLa cells via apoptotic mode. Both the fractions also inhibited COX‐2 enzyme activity.
Chemical Synthesis of K34‐Ubiquitylated H2B for Nucleosome Reconstitution and Single‐Particle Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Structural Analysis
Authors: Li Jiabin , He Qiaoqiao , Liu Yuntao , Liu Sanling , Tang Shan , Li Chengmin , Sun Demeng , Li Xiaorun , Zhou Min , Zhu Ping , Bi Guoqiang , Zhou Zhenghong , Zheng Ji‐Shen , Tian Changlin
Published: December 2016

Post‐translational modifications (e.g., ubiquitylation) of histones play important roles in dynamic regulation of chromatin. Histone ubiquitylation has been speculated to directly influence the structure and dynamics of nucleosomes. However, structural information for ubiquitylated nucleosomes is still lacking. Here we report an alternative strategy for total chemical synthesis of homogenous histone H2B‐K34‐ubiquitylation (H2B‐K34Ub) by using acid‐cleavable auxiliary‐mediated ligation of peptide hydrazides for site‐specific ubiquitylation. Synthetic H2B‐K34Ub was efficiently incorporated into nucleosomes and further used for single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) imaging. The cryo‐EM structure of the nucleosome containing H2B‐K34Ub suggests that two flexible ubiquitin domains protrude between the DNA chains of the nucleosomes. The DNA chains around the H2B‐K34 sites shift and provide more space for ubiquitin to protrude. These analyses indicated local and slight structural influences on the nucleosome with ubiquitylation at the H2B‐K34 site.
Influences of audible radiation‐monitors or radiopaque‐pads on operator and patient dose
Authors: Balter Stephen
Published: December 2016

Key Points

Real‐time awareness of their own radiation exposure reduced operator irradiation.

The use of radiopaque pads did not significantly reduce operator irradiation.

Real or perceived measures that reduce operator risk may bias clinical decisions toward “more complete” procedures and increase patient dose.
Radial Artery Catheterization
Authors: Mintz Ari J. , Levy Michael S.
Published: December 2016

Key Points

The radial artery has gained favor as the access of choice for many operators due to a lower risk of vascular complications.

The vascular anatomy of the left upper extremity may be more conducive to cardiac catheterization given reduced subclavian tortuosity.

The left radial artery continues to be an arrow in the quiver of modern interventional cardiologist and may provide less radiation exposure when compared to the right radial artery.
Silver‐Catalyzed [2+1] Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Unstable Diazoalkanes: N‐Nosylhydrazones as Room‐Temperature Decomposable Diazo Surrogates
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Li Qiangqiang , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2016

The [2+1] cycloaddition of alkynes with diazo compounds represents one of the most powerful and reliable methods for the construction of cyclopropenes. However, it remains a formidable challenge to accomplish the cyclopropenation of alkynes with non‐stabilized diazoalkanes, owing to the fact that such compounds are unstable and prone to detonation. Herein, we report a general silver‐catalyzed cyclopropenation reaction of alkynes with unstable diazoalkanes, by for the first time the discovery and application of N‐nosylhydrazones as room‐temperature decomposiable diazo surrogates. This method allows for the efficient assembly a wide variety of cyclopropene derivatives that are otherwise difficult to access by conventional methods.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water
Authors: Etale Anita , Tavengwa Nikita , Tutu Hlanganani , Drake Deanne C.
Published: December 2016

A novel amine‐functionalized inorganic–organic hybrid adsorbent was synthesized for the removal of Cu ions in acidic conditions such as those characterizing acid mine drainage (AMD). The synthesis was via a three‐step process involving coating of silica nanoparticles with carbon, oxidation of the carbon layer, and grafting of hexamine to the silica–carbon composites. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the adsorbent comprised spherical particles in the nanometre range although nitrogen sorption isotherms revealed a considerable decrease in particle area as a result of carbonization and hexamine grafting. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. On application to Cu‐containing solutions, 52% of the ions were retained by 10 mg of the adsorbent at pH 3. This reaction achieved equilibrium in 45 min and followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Removal with similar adsorbent amounts was higher at pH 5, 7, and 9 (62, 57, and 57%, respectively), and increased with initial Cu concentrations. Adsorption isotherms were fitted by the Freundlich model and the adsorption capacity at pH 3 was determined to be 0.016 mmol g−1. The adsorbent also selectively bound Cu from a multi‐elemental solution indicating that it could be applied for the selective removal of Cu from AMD‐contaminated water.
The Search Engine for Multi‐Proteoform Complexes: An Online Tool for the Identification and Stoichiometry Determination of Protein Complexes
Authors: Skinner Owen S. , Schachner Luis F. , Kelleher Neil L.
Published: December 2016

Recent advances in top‐down mass spectrometry using native electrospray now enable the analysis of intact protein complexes with relatively small sample amounts in an untargeted mode. Here, we describe how to characterize both homo‐ and heteropolymeric complexes with high molecular specificity using input data produced by tandem mass spectrometry of whole protein assemblies. The tool described is a “search engine for multi‐proteoform complexes,” (SEMPC) and is available for free online. The output is a list of candidate multi‐proteoform complexes and scoring metrics, which are used to define a distinct set of one or more unique protein subunits, their overall stoichiometry in the intact complex, and their pre‐ and post‐translational modifications. Thus, we present an approach for the identification and characterization of intact protein complexes from native mass spectrometry data. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
cgpCaVEManWrapper: Simple Execution of CaVEMan in Order to Detect Somatic Single Nucleotide Variants in NGS Data
Authors: Jones David , Raine Keiran M. , Davies Helen , Tarpey Patrick S. , Butler Adam P. , Teague Jon W. , Nik‐Zainal Serena , Campbell Peter J.
Published: December 2016

CaVEMan is an expectation maximization–based somatic substitution‐detection algorithm that is written in C. The algorithm analyzes sequence data from a test sample, such as a tumor relative to a reference normal sample from the same patient and the reference genome. It performs a comparative analysis of the tumor and normal sample to derive a probabilistic estimate for putative somatic substitutions. When combined with a set of validated post‐hoc filters, CaVEMan generates a set of somatic substitution calls with high recall and positive predictive value. Here we provide instructions for using a wrapper script called cgpCaVEManWrapper, which runs the CaVEMan algorithm and additional downstream post‐hoc filters. We describe both a simple one‐shot run of cgpCaVEManWrapper and a more in‐depth implementation suited to large‐scale compute farms. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tracking the Activity of mTORC1 in Living Cells Using Genetically Encoded FRET‐based Biosensor TORCAR
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Simin , Zhang Jin
Published: December 2016

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that responds to multiple distinct signals (e.g., growth factors, amino acids, stress, and energy level) and coordinates cell growth and proliferation. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which these stimuli regulate the activity of mTORC1 are still not fully understood. The spatial compartmentalization of mTORC1 signaling has been suggested as an important mechanism for mTORC1 to achieve the signal specificity and efficiency. To examine the spatial regulation of the activity of mTORC1 in live cells, we describe a protocol using a newly developed molecular tool, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based mTORC1 activity reporter, TORCAR. When expressed in the cell, TORCAR acts as a surrogate substrate of mTORC1, and exhibits a change in FRET in response to phosphorylation by mTORC1. Genetically targeting TORCAR to specific subcellular locations further allows for the characterization of spatial compartmentalized mTORC1 signaling. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyclic Immunofluorescence (CycIF), A Highly Multiplexed Method for Single‐cell Imaging
Authors: Lin Jia‐Ren , Fallahi‐Sichani Mohammad , Chen Jia‐Yun , Sorger Peter K.
Published: December 2016

Cyclic Immunofluorescence (CycIF) is a public‐domain method for performing highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging using a conventional epifluorescence microscope. It uses simple reagents and existing antibodies to construct images with up to 30 channels by sequential 4‐ to 6‐channel imaging followed by fluorophore inactivation. Three variant methods are described, the most generally useful of which involves staining fixed cells with antibodies directly conjugated to Alexa Fluor dyes and imaging in four colors, inactivating fluorophores using a mild base in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and light, and then performing another round of staining and imaging. Cell morphology is preserved through multiple rounds of CycIF, and signal‐to‐noise ratios appear to increase. Unlike antibody‐stripping methods, CycIF is gentle and optimized for monolayers of cultured cells. A second protocol involves indirect immunofluorescence and a third enables chemical inactivation of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, allowing multiplex immunofluorescence to be combined with live‐cell analysis of cells expressing fluorescent reporter proteins. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling‐aware dynamic consolidation of virtual machines for energy efficient cloud data centers
Authors: Arroba Patricia , Moya José M. , Ayala José L. , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: December 2016

Computational demand in data centers is increasing because of the growing popularity of Cloud applications. However, data centers are becoming unsustainable in terms of power consumption and growing energy costs so Cloud providers have to face the major challenge of placing them on a more scalable curve. Also, Cloud services are provided under strict Service Level Agreement conditions, so trade‐offs between energy and performance have to be taken into account. Techniques as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and consolidation are commonly used to reduce the energy consumption in data centers, although they are applied independently and their effects on Quality of Service are not always considered. Thus, understanding the relationship between power, DVFS, consolidation, and performance is crucial to enable energy‐efficient management at the data center level. In this work, we propose a DVFS policy that reduces power consumption while preventing performance degradation, and a DVFS‐aware consolidation policy that optimizes consumption, considering the DVFS configuration that would be necessary when mapping Virtual Machines to maintain Quality of Service. We have performed an extensive evaluation on the CloudSim toolkit using real Cloud traces and an accurate power model based on data gathered from real servers. Our results demonstrate that including DVFS awareness in workload management provides substantial energy savings of up to 41.62% for scenarios under dynamic workload conditions. These outcomes outperforms previous approaches, that do not consider integrated use of DVFS and consolidation strategies.
Cultural Competence in the Treatment of Addictions: Theory, Practice and Evidence
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M.
Published: December 2016

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations often have high rates of addictive disorders, but lower rates of treatment seeking and completion than the mainstream population. A significant barrier to treatment is the lack of culturally relevant and appropriate treatment. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant literature related to cultural competence in mental health services delivery and specifically treatment for addictive disorders. Several theoretical models of cultural competence in therapy have been developed, but the lack of rigorous research limits the empirical evidence available. Research indicates that culturally competent treatment practices including providing therapy and materials in the client's language, knowledge, understanding and appreciation for cultural perspectives and nuances, involving the wider family and community and training therapists can enhance client engagement, retention and treatment outcomes for substance use and gambling. Further methodologically rigorous research is needed to isolate the impact of cultural competence for the treatment of addictions and guide research to determine treatment efficacy within specific CALD populations. Training therapists and recruiting therapists and researchers from CALD communities is important to ensure an ongoing focus and improved outcomes for CALD populations due to the importance of engaging these populations with addiction treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

The treatment needs of culturally diverse individuals with addictions are often not met.

Theoretical models can guide therapists in incorporating cultural competence.

Culturally targeted treatments increase recruitment, retention and treatment outcomes.

Cultural competence includes matching clinicians and clients on linguistic and cultural backgrounds as well as being mindful of the impact of culture on client's experience of addiction problems.

Few methodologically rigorous trials have been conducted to guide treatment practices and research needs to be incorporated into existing culturally relevant treatment services.
Visualization of 5‐HT Receptors Using Radioligand‐Binding Autoradiography
Authors: Cortés Roser , Vilaró M. Teresa , Mengod Guadalupe
Published: December 2016

Described in this unit are techniques to visualize the majority of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) receptor subtypes in sections of frozen brain tissue using receptor autoradiography. Protocols for brain extraction and sectioning, radioligand exposure, autoradiogram generation, and data quantification are provided, as are the optimal incubation conditions for the autoradiographic visualization of receptors using agonist and antagonist radioligands. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Follow 5 steps to create elegant and accessible design
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2016

ANAHEIM, Calif. — Keeping your campus technologically connected is not as simple as placing handouts online. Avoid costly fines and sanctions by creating accessible content for your university, but satisfy the needs of your students and your own aesthetic interests by making that accessible design elegant. At a session at the EDUCAUSE annual conference, Andrew Browning, web team manager for the University of California, Los Angeles, shared tips from the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines on how to create elegant, accessible web design. “Elegant design allows us to focus on higher‐level problem solving,” Browning said. “It doesn't just save us a few precious minutes one time; it saves us a few precious minutes time and time again.”
A Concise and Practical Semisynthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 and (–)‐Jorumycin
Authors: Xu Shanghu , Wang Guan , Zhu Jinjin , Shen Chuang , Yang Zhezhou , Yu Jun , Li Zhong , Lin Tanghuan , Sun Xun , Zhang Fuli
Published: December 2016

Ecteinascidin 743 is an antitumor drug used to treat specific soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS). In this paper, we present a concise and practical semisynthesis of ecteinascidin 743 starting from safracin B. The strategy involves the direct conversion of an aliphatic amino group into an acetoxy group. By this approach, ecteinascidin 743 was synthesized in 14 steps and 1.5 % overall yield. The synthetic approach also provided access to other tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, such as (–)‐jorumycin (a promising anticancer candidate). (–)‐Jorumycin was prepared in six steps and 24.1 % overall yield from safracin B.
AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE BOYS: EARLY CHILDHOOD RISK AND RESILIENCE AMIDST CONTEXT AND CULTURE
Authors: Sarche Michelle , Tafoya Greg , Croy Calvin D. , Hill Kyle
Published: December 2016

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescent and adult men experience a range of health disparities relative to their non‐AIAN counterparts and AIAN women. Given the relatively limited literature on early development in tribal contexts, however, indicators of risk during early childhood specific to AIAN boys are not well‐known. The current article reviews sources of strength and challenge within AIAN communities for AIAN children in general, including cultural beliefs and practices that support development, and contextual challenges related to socioeconomic and health disparities and historical trauma affecting the AIAN population as a whole. The research literature on early development is reviewed, highlighting what this literature reveals about early gender differences. The article concludes with calls to action on behalf of AIAN boys that align with each of the five tiers of R. Frieden's (2010) Public Health Pyramid.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Increases Claudin‐1, 4, and 7 Expression in Tubular Cells: Role in Permeability Changes
Authors: Amoozadeh Yasaman , Dan Qinghong , Anwer Shaista , Huang Hsiao Han , Barbieri Vanessa , Waheed Faiza , Maishan Mazharul , Szászi Katalin
Published: December 2016

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), is a pathogenic cytokine in kidney disease that alters expression of claudins in tubular cells. Previously we showed that in LLC‐PK1 cells TNFα caused a biphasic change in transepithelial resistance (TER) consisting of an early drop and recovery, followed by a late increase. However, the underlying mechanisms and the role of specific claudins in the TER effect remained incompletely understood. Here we sought to define how TNFα affects claudins 1, 4, and 7 in tubular cells and to correlate their changes with the TER effect. We show that TNFα elevates total and surface levels of Cldn‐1, 4, and 7, and increases their mRNA expression through the ERK and JNK pathways. Further, JNK is also important for TNFα‐induced changes in claudin‐2 expression. Continuous monitoring of TER using Electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) reveals that the two phases of the TNFα effect are differently regulated. Specifically, inhibition of the ERK or JNK pathways prevent the late TER increase, but not the early TER effect. Silencing experiments also show that Cldn‐1 is necessary for the early TNFα‐induced TER change, while all three claudins appear to contribute to the late TER increase. In summary, we define a central role for ERK and JNK in TNFα‐induced altered claudin expression and barrier tightening. Together, our current and previous works show that the TNFα‐induced early TER effect requires claudin‐1, while claudin‐2 decrease is a significant mediator of the late TER increase, and elevation in claudin‐1, 4, and 7 contribute to a smaller extent. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2210–2220, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reanalysing the impacts of atmospheric teleconnections on cold‐season weather using multivariate surface weather types and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Lee Cameron C.
Published: December 2016

While regional‐ to hemispheric‐scale oscillations in oceanographic and atmospheric variables have long been known to have teleconnective impacts on the surface weather at distant locations, the impacts of these teleconnections and their interactions on multivariate weather types (WTs) are relatively under‐researched. Using a recently developed gridded weather typing classification (GWTC) and a self‐organizing maps‐based clustering of five different teleconnection indices, this research aims to explore the impacts of teleconnections on surface weather in the United States and Canada. Individual teleconnections have a predictable impact on GWTC WTs, with the Pacific/North American pattern, the Western Pacific (WP) pattern and the North Atlantic Oscillation showing the most widespread significant correlations with cool and warm WTs, in agreement with previous research. While many teleconnection clusters are dominated by one teleconnection's WT correlations, certain clusters reveal surprising regional‐ to continental‐scale impacts considering many teleconnections are in a relatively neutral phase. Furthermore, some expected impacts of the Southern Oscillation Index and WP are offset when considered in tandem with neutral phases of the other teleconnections examined. Overall, the clustering results highlight the importance of examining multiple teleconnections simultaneously when researching teleconnection impacts on surface weather and making statistically based monthly‐ to seasonal‐range climate projections.
Evaluation of phenolic antioxidant content in organically and conventionally grown buckwheat herb crop and its regrowth
Authors: Žvikas Vaidotas , Pukelevičienė Vilma , Ivanauskas Liudas , Romanovskaja Danuta , Jakštas Valdas
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Buckwheat herb is known in the pharmaceutical industry as a material rich in phenolics. Buckwheat is also capable of regrowing and producing an additional harvest in the same year. Although buckwheat herb is a popular material, it is not known whether the regrowth has features of the same quality as the first harvest. Therefore, using the herb of 15 varieties of buckwheat cultivated in Lithuania, the present study aimed to examine biometric properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activity as material quality indicators for buckwheat herb and its regrowth under organic and conventional farming conditions.

RESULTS

The highest amount of rutin was indicated in the organically cultivated regrowth of 2015. Buckwheat material accumulated significantly (P < 0.05) lower amounts of other phenolics. A significant correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed in the herb and its regrowth in both farming systems.

CONCLUSION

Regrowth was of similar quality to the first harvest in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity, although a downward trend in several biometric features was observed: the height of the regrowth plants was up to two‐fold smaller and biomass was five‐ to nine‐fold lower compared to that of the first harvest plants. Organic and industrial farming systems were determined to produce plants of similar quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Headlines from the discovery files: Key publications on scholarly content discoverability
Authors: Conrad Lettie Y.
Published: December 2016

This article reviewed 13 research papers and industry publications from 2015 and 2016 to present a broad view of today's scholarly content discovery landscape. The featured publications strive to address limitations in scholarly content discovery and access experiences to expand our understanding of the researcher experience and to influence positive change for all stakeholders. With original research findings or well‐cited expert analysis, the reviewed papers outline the dominant channels of scholarly content discovery channels and demonstrate how trends fluctuate by the type of user and their information needs, as well as a wide variety of demographics. Best practices in metadata management, standards, and cross‐sector collaboration are also discussed. Together, the publications reviewed here validate the importance of user‐centric, evidence‐based, and standards‐compliant approaches to learned resource development and dissemination.
The Relationship Between Serotonin‐2A Receptor and Cognitive Functions in Nondemented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Cho Sang Soo , Strafella Antonio P. , Duff‐Canning Sarah , Zurowski Mateusz , Vijverman Anne‐Catherine , Bruno Veronica , Aquino Camila C. , Criaud Marion , Rusjan Pablo M. , Houle Sylvain , Fox Susan H.
Published: December 2016

Background

There is growing evidence that the serotonergic system, in particular serotonin 2A receptors, is involved in neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including cognitive processing and visual hallucinations. However, the relationship between serotonin 2A receptor availability, visual hallucinations, and cognitive profile is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of serotonin 2A receptor availability in brain regions affected by visual hallucinations and to test the association with cognitive/behavioral changes in patients who have PD with visual hallucinations.

Methods

Nondemented patients who had PD with (n = 11) and without (n = 8) visual hallucinations and age‐matched controls (n = 10) were recruited. All participants completed neuropsychological testing, which consisted of visuoperceptual, executive, memory, language, and frontal‐behavioral function. Positron emission tomography scans using [18F]setoperone, a serotonin 2A antagonist radioligand, were acquired in patients with PD, and a parametric binding potential map of [18F]setoperone was calculated with the simplified reference tissue model using the cerebellum as a reference.

Results

Patients who had PD with visual hallucinations exhibited significantly lower scores on measures of executive and visuoperceptual functions compared with age‐matched controls. These changes were paralleled by decreased [18F]setoperone binding in the right insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, right middle temporal gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. The psychometric correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among tests associated with visuoperceptual function, memory and learning, and serotonin 2A binding in different prefrontal and ventral visual stream regions. There was also reduced serotonin 2A receptor binding in patients who had PD with depression.

Conclusions

These findings support a complex interaction between serotonin 2A receptor function and cognitive processing in patients who have PD with visual hallucinations.
Neuromyotonia Confined to Faciobulbar Muscles in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Parissis Dimitrios , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Georgios , Karacostas Dimitrios
Published: December 2016

View Supplementary Video 1
Retention marketing tips part 2: Keeping them engaged keeps them there
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: December 2016

In last month's column, we discussed some ideas about how internal communication matters to internal marketing efforts. Spending more time on the simplest email exchange with current students can help with retention because the communications reinforce the brand message you spent so much time on when you recruited students.
Yield of screening echocardiograms during pediatric follow‐up in survivors treated with anthracyclines and cardiotoxic radiation
Authors: Spewak Michael B. , Williamson Rebecca S. , Mertens Ann C. , Border William L. , Meacham Lillian R. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen J.
Published: December 2016

Background

Guidelines published by the Children's Oncology Group recommend screening echocardiograms for childhood cancer survivors exposed to anthracyclines and/or cardiotoxic radiation. This study aims to assess risk factors for cardiac late effects while evaluating the overall yield of screening echocardiograms.

Procedure

Demographics, exposures, and echocardiogram results were abstracted from the medical records of survivors diagnosed at ≤ 21 years old and ≥ 2 years off therapy who were exposed to anthracyclines and/or potentially cardiotoxic radiotherapy. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed and the yield of screening echocardiograms was calculated.

Results

Of 853 patients, 1,728 screening echocardiograms were performed, and 37 patients had an abnormal echocardiogram (overall yield 2.1%). Yields were only somewhat higher in more frequently screened patients. Risk factors for an abnormal result included anthracycline dose of ≥300 mg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3−7.2; P < 0.01) with a synergist relationship in patients who also received radiation doses ≥30 Gy (aOR 7.0; 95% CI: 1.6–31.9; P = 0.01), as well as autologous bone marrow transplant (OR 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–8.5; P = 0.01). Sex, race, age at diagnosis, and cyclophosphamide exposure were not statistically significant risk factors, and no patient receiving <100 mg/m2 anthracycline dose without concomitant radiation had an abnormal echocardiogram.

Conclusions

Dose‐dependent and synergist anthracycline and cardiotoxic radiotherapy risks for developing cardiomyopathy were confirmed. However, previously identified risk factors including female sex, black race, and early age at diagnosis were not replicated in this cohort. The yields showed weak correlation across frequency categories. Echocardiographic screening recommendations for low‐risk pediatric patients may warrant re‐evaluation.
ESI‐MS2 and Anti‐inflammatory Studies of Cyclopropanic Triterpenes. UPLC‐ESI‐MS and MS2 Search of Related Metabolites from Donella ubanguiensis
Authors: Sandjo Louis P. , Nascimento Marcus V.P. dos Santos , da Silva Layzon A.L. , Munhoz Antonio C.M. , Pollo Luiz A.E. , Biavatti Maique W. , Ngadjui Bonaventure T. , Opatz Till , Fröde Tania S.
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Triterpenes are one of the largest secondary metabolites groups spread in the plant kingdom with various skeletons. These metabolites have showed various bioactivities including anti‐inflammatory activity.

Objective

The study aims to explore the mass spectrometry fragmentation of donellanic acids A‐C (DA A–C), three compounds identified from Donella ubanguiensis; in addition, the fragmentation behaviour of these metabolites will serve as a fingerprint to search and characterise triterpenes congeners in fruits, bark and wood crude extracts of D. ubanguiensis. This work was prompted by the anti‐inflammatory activity on leukocyte migration, exudate concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity obtained for DA A–B.

Methodology

The bioactivity was performed on mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan and the parameters were analysed by veterinarian automated cell counter and colorimetric assays. While the tandem mass analyses of DA A–C were carried out by a direct infusion ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS, the extracts were studied by UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS and UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS.

Results

DA A displayed interesting anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting leukocyte migration, exudate concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05) while DA B was weakly active (p > 0.05). Moreover, the diagnostic of the MS2 behaviour of DA A–C in conjunction with the chromatograms and the obtained MS2 data of the crude extract led to the characterisation of three cyclopropane triterpenes (T1–T3) and six saponins (T4–T9) from the fruits, the bark, and the wood extracts.

Conclusions

Donella species deserve more investigation since metabolites related to the anti‐inflammatory compound (DA A) could be identified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of π‐electron density in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Sedelnikova Olga V. , Bulusheva Lyubov G. , Okotrub Alexander V.
Published: December 2016

In bilayer graphene, mutual rotation of layers has strong effect on the electronic structure. We theoretically study the distribution of electron density in twisted bilayer graphene with the rotation angle of 21.8° and find that regions with AA‐like and AB‐like stacking patterns separately contribute to the interlayer low‐energy van Hove singularities. In order to investigate the peculiarities of interlayer coupling, the charge density map between the layers is examined. The presented results reveal localization of π‐electrons between carbon atoms belonging to different graphene layers when they have AA‐like stacking environment, while the interlayer coupling is stronger within AB‐stacked regions.

Charge density map for bilayer graphene with a layer twist of 21.8° (interlayer region).

magnified image

Charge density map for bilayer graphene with a layer twist of 21.8° (interlayer region).
Cover Picture: Structure of van der Waals bound hybrids of organic semiconductors and transition metal dichalcogenides: the case of acene films on MoS2 (Phys. Status Solidi RRL 12/2016)
Authors: Breuer Tobias , Maßmeyer Tobias , Mänz Alexander , Zoerb Steffen , Harbrecht Bernd , Witte Gregor
Published: December 2016

No abstract is available for this article.
Tissue‐specific metabolite profiling of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in the root of Macleaya cordata by combining laser microdissection with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zuo Zi , Zheng Yajie , Liang Zhitao , Liu Yisong , Tang Qi , Liu Xiubin , Zhao Zhongzhen , Zeng Jianguo
Published: December 2016

Rationale

Tissue‐specific metabolite profiling helps to find trace alkaloids masked during organ analysis, which contributes to understanding the alkaloid biosynthetic pathways in vivo and evaluating the quality of medical plants by morphology. As Macleaya cordata contains diverse types of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), the alkaloid metabolite profiling was carried out on various tissues of the root.

Methods

Laser microdissection with fluorescence detection was used to recognize and dissect different tissues from the root of M. cordata. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the trace alkaloids in tissues. These detected alkaloids were elucidated using their accurate molecular weights, MS/MS data, MS fragmentation patterns and the known biosynthetic pathways of BIAs. Finally, the distribution of alkaloids in dissected tissues and whole sections was mapped.

Results

Forty‐nine alkaloids were identified from five microdissected tissues, and 24 of them were detected for the first time in M. cordata. Some types of alkaloids occurred specifically in dissected tissues. More alkaloids were detected in the cork and xylem vascular bundles which emit strong fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy. Some of the screened alkaloids were intermediates in sanguinarine and chelerythrine biosynthetic pathways, and others were speculated to be involved in the new branches of biosynthetic pathways.

Conclusions

The integrated method is sensitive, specific and reliable for determining trace alkaloids, which is also a powerful tool for metabolite profiling of tissue‐specific BIAs in situ. The present findings should contribute to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of BIAs in M. cordata root and provide scientific evidence for its quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical insufflation–exsufflation for an individual with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a lower respiratory infection
Authors: Koenig Emma , Singh Bhajan , Wood Jamie
Published: December 2016

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive myopathy associated with progressive muscle weakness and wasting, loss of ambulation, respiratory insufficiency, weak cough, repeated respiratory infections, and ultimately death from respiratory failure in early adulthood. Mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI‐E) devices, such as the CoughAssist®, are used in individuals with neuromuscular weakness to augment cough and help clear secretions; however, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment regimen. We present the challenging case of a patient with DMD admitted to a tertiary hospital with a severe lower respiratory infection, and discuss how MI‐E was used by physiotherapists to assist secretion clearance and prevent further deterioration.
Hierarchical attribute‐based encryption with continuous auxiliary inputs leakage
Authors: Guo Yuyan , Li Jiguo , Zhang Yichen , Shen Jian
Published: December 2016

The continuous auxiliary inputs leakage is more strong side‐channel attacks. In this article, we first propose a continuous auxiliary inputs leakage model for the hierarchical attribute‐based encryption scheme. Under the security model, an adversary has ability to gain partial updated master keys and updated secret keys continually by certain leakage attacks. Moreover, a resilient‐leakage hierarchical attribute‐based encryption scheme is constructed. The security proof for this scheme is provided under the standard model. Furthermore, we give the performance comparison between our scheme and relevant scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micromechanics of Amorphous Metal/Polymer Hybrid Structures with 3D Cellular Architectures: Size Effects, Buckling Behavior, and Energy Absorption Capability
Authors: Mieszala Maxime , Hasegawa Madoka , Guillonneau Gaylord , Bauer Jens , Raghavan Rejin , Frantz Cédric , Kraft Oliver , Mischler Stefano , Michler Johann , Philippe Laetitia
Published: December 2016

By designing advantageous cellular geometries and combining the material size effects at the nanometer scale, lightweight hybrid microarchitectured materials with tailored structural properties are achieved. Prior studies reported the mechanical properties of high strength cellular ceramic composites, obtained by atomic layer deposition. However, few studies have examined the properties of similar structures with metal coatings. To determine the mechanical performance of polymer cellular structures reinforced with a metal coating, 3D laser lithography and electroless deposition of an amorphous layer of nickel‐boron (NiB) is used for the first time to produce metal/polymer hybrid structures. In this work, the mechanical response of microarchitectured structures is investigated with an emphasis on the effects of the architecture and the amorphous NiB thickness on their deformation mechanisms and energy absorption capability. Microcompression experiments show an enhancement of the mechanical properties with the NiB thickness, suggesting that the deformation mechanism and the buckling behavior are controlled by the brittle‐to‐ductile transition in the NiB layer. In addition, the energy absorption properties demonstrate the possibility of tuning the energy absorption efficiency with adequate designs. These findings suggest that microarchitectured metal/polymer hybrid structures are effective in producing materials with unique property combinations.