bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Risk of Myocardial Infarction Compared to Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Boulanger Marion , Béjot Yannick , Rothwell Peter M. , Touzé Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

Background

Uncertainties remain about the current risk of myocardial infarction (
MI
) after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods and Results

We undertook a systematic review to estimate the long‐term risk of
MI
, compared to recurrent stroke, with temporal trends in ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack patients. Annual risks and 95% confidence intervals (95%
CI
) of
MI
and recurrent stroke were estimated using random‐effect meta‐analyses. We calculated incidence ratios of
MI
/recurrent stroke, for fatal and nonfatal events, using similar analyses. Rate ratios for
MI
in patients with potential risk factors compared to those without were calculated using Poisson regression.

A total of 58 studies (131 299 patients) with a mean (range) follow‐up of 3.5 (1.0‐10.0) years were included. The risk of
MI
was 1.67%/y (95%
CI
1.36‐1.98,
P
het
<0.001 for heterogeneity) and decreased over time (
P
int
=0.021); 96% of the heterogeneity between studies was explained by study design, study period, follow‐up duration, mean age, proportion of patients on antithrombotic therapy, and incident versus combined ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack. The risk of recurrent stroke was 4.26%/y (95%
CI
3.43‐5.09,
P
het
<0.001), with no change over time (
P
int
=0.63). The risk of fatal
MI
was half the risk of recurrent strokes ending in fatality (incidence ratio=0.51, 95%
CI
0.14‐0.89,
P
het
=0.58). The risk of nonfatal
MI
was 75% smaller than the risk of recurrent nonfatal stroke (incidence ratio=0.25, 95%
CI
0.02‐0.50,
P
het
=0.68). Male sex, hypertension, coronary and peripheral artery diseases were associated with a doubled risk of
MI
.

Conclusions

After ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, the risk of
MI
is currently <2%/y, and recurrent stroke is a more common cause of death than
MI
.
Inducing and Refining Topics for Web Query Classification Using a Semantic Network
Authors: Kumar R. Sathish , Chandrasekaran M.
Published: January 2018

Web query classification, the task of inferring topical categories from a web search query is a non-trivial problem in Information Retrieval domain. The topic categories inferred by a Web query classification system may provide a rich set of features for improving query expansion and
web advertising. Conventional methods for Web query classification derive corpus statistics from the web and employ machine-learning techniques to infer Open Directory Project categories. But they suffer from two major drawbacks, the computational overhead to derive corpus statistics and inferring
topic categories that are too abstract for semantic discrimination due to polysemy. Concepts too shallow or too deep in the semantic gradient are produced due to the wrong senses of the query terms coalescing with the correct senses. This paper proposes and demonstrates a succinct solution
to these problems through a method based on the Tree cut model and Wordnet Thesarus to infer fine-grained topic categories for Web query classification, and also suggests an enhancement to the Tree Cut Model to resolve sense ambiguities.
On a Generalization of Bounded Univalent Function of Complex Order
Authors: Ramachandran C. , Soupramanien T. , Sokół J.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we introduce a new class of analytic functions of complex order involving a family of generalized differential operators and we discuss the sufficient conditions, estimation of coefficients. The motivation of this paper is to generalize the Coefficient Estimates obtained
by Attiya, and Aouf et al. by making use of the generalized differential operator Dnλ, μ.
Privacy Preserving with M-SVM Classifier of Tumor Classification in Mammography Images Using Multiple Otsu'S Thresholding Technique
Authors: Bhuvaneswari E. , Ravi T.
Published: January 2018

Breast Cancer is formed by an abnormal development of cells in breast. The cells of body separate in an incessant method and occupy to surrounding tissues. It is the important reason of death amongst women and after lung cancer breast cancer is second cause of women deaths. Early breast
cancer detection can lead to death rate decrease. The mammography is executed to discover the breast cancer tumor at earlier stages. Early breast cancer tumors detection based on the both the radiologists capability to read mammogram images and image quality. The tumors classification is a
medical application that set a huge issue for in the breast cancer recognition area. Therefore, in this paper, a multiple otsu's thresholding method is presented with Mutlti-class SVM (M-SVM) classifier to enhance the tumor classification in mammogram images for cancer tumor detection. In
this process, elimination of artifacts, noise and surplus parts that are presented in mammogram images by employing preprocessing tasks and after that it improves the mammogram image contrast utilizing CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histrogram Equalization) technique for simpler recognition
of tumors in breast. We segment the images using Multiple Otsu's thresholding technique to identify the region of interest in mammogram image after preprocessing and image enhancement. The GLDM (Gray Level Difference Method) is exploited to extract the features from the mammogram image. Feature
extraction has been employed to with hindsight examine screening mammograms in use prior to the malignant mass discovery for early breast cancer tumor detection. The extracted features can be given to the M-SVM Classifier to classify the tumor in mammogram image into malignant, benign or normal
based on the features. The classification accurateness based on the stage of feature extraction. Results of mammogram image is planned by classification and lastly image categorized into Normal, malignant or Benign. Experimental results of proposed method can show that this presented technique
executes well with the accurateness of classification reaching almost 84% in evaluation with existing algorithms.
Estimations and Prediction for the Compound Rayleigh Distribution Based on Upper Record Values
Authors: Badr M. M.
Published: January 2018

This article considers estimation of the unknown parameters for the compound Rayleigh distribution (CRD) based on upper record values. We have derived the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian estimators for the unknown two parameters, as well as the reliability and hazard functions.
We obtained Bayes estimators on the basis of the symmetric (squared error) and asymmetric (linear exponential (LINEX) and general entropy (GE)) loss functions. It has been seen that the symmetric and asymmetric Bayes estimators are obtained in closed forms. Furthermore, Bayesian prediction
interval of the future upper record values are discussed and obtained. Finally, estimation of the parameters, practical examples of real record values and simulated record values are given to illustrate the theoretical results of prediction interval.
Advanced teaching method for balanced operations of overhead transmission lines based on simulations and experiment
Authors: Forcan Miodrag , Banjanin Mladen , Vuković Goran
Published: January 2018

An advanced teaching method for the analysis of balanced operations of overhead transmission lines has been described in this paper. The proposed educational method combines theoretical, simulation and experimental approaches with the purpose of a higher-level knowledge achievement. Several exercises have been defined and implemented in the teaching process. Some characteristic overhead transmission line steady state regimes, such as Ferranti effect, natural load flow and capacitive overhead transmission line behaviour, have been analysed. The special analysis has been carried out in order to determine the basic characteristics of the switching transients. Software package MATLAB/Simulink has been used for the estimation of system parameters and for the simulation analysis. Different overhead transmission line models have been compared and useful modelling guidelines have been recommended. Experimental calculations have been performed by using a physically scaled system consisting of multiple Pi sections representing 100 km length 400 kV overhead transmission line. The proposed method has been tested within High Voltage Engineering undergraduate course and useful application feedback from students has been obtained.
The Diversifying Experience Model: Taking a Broader Conceptual View of the Multiculturalism–Creativity Link
Authors: Gocłowska Małgorzata Anna , Damian Rodica Ioana , Mor Shira
Published: January 2018

We examine the multiculturalism–creativity link from the perspective of diversifying experiences research. Multicultural experiences can be construed as diversifying experiences—highly unusual and unexpected events or situations (e.g., unusual educational experiences, early life adversity) that push individuals outside the frameworks of their ordinary everyday lives, forcing them to embrace new and uncommon ideas. Our review identifies a range of diversifying experiences (e.g., multicultural exposure, unexpected adversity, violations of expectations) that have been found to influence creativity. We introduce the Diversifying Experience Model (DEM), where we argue for a curvilinear relationship between diversifying experiences and creativity, whereby creativity improves as a result of moderate (but not low or high) levels of diversifying experiences. We also propose adaptive personal resources as the key moderator, and threat and challenge appraisals as the key mediators of the diversifying experience–creativity relation. When adaptive resources are high, moderate diversifying experiences are appraised primarily as a challenge, facilitating creativity, whereas when adaptive resources are low, moderate diversifying experiences are appraised primarily as a threat, derailing creativity. This broad and parsimonious theoretical framework can help clarify and expand research on when and why various diversifying experiences (including multicultural experiences) facilitate creativity.
Cultural Values Differentially Moderate the Benefits of Basic Education on Two Types of National Innovation Outputs
Authors: Bendapudi Namrita , Zhan Siran , Hong Ying-yi
Published: January 2018

The present study contributes to innovation research by distinguishing between national innovation in the knowledge and technology domain (knowledge and technology output) versus that in the creative industries (creative output), and examining how these two types of innovation would benefit from high-quality basic education in different cultural contexts. We argue that because creative output requires symbolic knowledge (i.e., negotiation of new meanings), it would benefit from a national context that has not only high-quality basic education but also favorable cultural values (low self-protective values or high self-expansion values). By contrast, knowledge and technology output requires analytic and synthetic knowledge mainly and thus would benefit from high-quality basic education regardless of cultural values. To test these ideas, we performed regression analyses using three archival datasets (the Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA], the Schwartz Value Survey, and the Global Innovation Index) of 32 nations. The results in general supported our predictions such that a high level of self-protective values dampens the positive relationship between quality of basic education and creative output only, but not knowledge and technology output. Implications of these findings were discussed.
Biaxial properties of individual bonds in thermomechanically bonded nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Wijeratne RS , De Vita R , Rittenhouse JA , Orler EB , Moore RB , Dillard DA
Published: January 2018

Thermomechanically bonded nonwoven fabrics contain discrete bonds that are formed from melted and fused fibers. In these fabrics, the fibers are loosely organized although they lie predominantly in the machine direction (MD). Through a custom-built biaxial testing device and simultaneous image capture, the mechanical response of individual bonds in thermomechanically bonded nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene/polypropylene sheath–core fibers was studied. Toward this end, cruciform specimens ( n = 20) with bonds in the gauge areas and arms aligned in the MD and the cross-direction (CD) were subjected to displacement-controlled equi-biaxial tests. The biaxial force–displacement curves along the two loading directions were found to be different. The average maximum force and average stiffness were significantly higher in the MD than in the CD ( p < 0.05). This difference was determined by the amount and orientation of fibers and size of the bonds in the two directions. By analyzing the images captured during equi-biaxial testing, the bonds were always observed to disintegrate into their constituent fibers. Digital image correlation was used to measure the local and average Eulerian strains of the bonds before their breakage initiated. The average axial strain experienced by the bond in the MD was always monotonically increasing with the axial load. The average axial strain in the CD, however, varied among bonds: it was monotonically increasing, monotonically decreasing, and increasing and decreasing with the axial load. Strain maps demonstrated the inhomogeneity in strain experienced by the bonds. These findings can guide the design and development of thermomechanically bonded nonwoven fabrics for applications in automotive, medical, consumer products, and civil engineering industries.
Depression Among Caregivers of Patients With Dementia
Authors: Alfakhri Abdullelah S. , Alshudukhi Ahmed W. , Alqahtani Ali A. , Alhumaid Abdulrahman M. , Alhathlol Omer A. , Almojali Abdullah I. , Alotaibi Muteb A. , Alaqeel Meshal K.
Published: January 2018

We aimed to assess depressive symptoms in caregivers of patients with dementia, taking into account variables such as severity of dementia, sex, age, and financial state of the patient. We recruited 222 caregivers of patients with dementia from King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Alzheimer’s Disease Association, and online, from February to June 2017, and employed the Patient Health Questionnaire to assess depression, and the Blessed Dementia Scale to assess severity of dementia. The prevalence of clinical depression among the caregivers was 14.9%. Minimal symptoms of depression were experienced by 96 caregivers (43.2%), moderate by 45 (20.3%), moderate-severe by 15 (6.8%), and severe by 8 (3.6%). Forty-six patients had mild dementia (22%), 73 had moderate (34.9%), and 90 had severe (43.1%). Caregivers of patients with dementia experience considerable burden and lower level of health-related quality of life and may be predisposed to developing clinical depression.
Mediating Role of Career Coaching on Job-Search Behavior of Older Generations
Authors: Lim Doo Hun , Oh Eunjung , Ju Boreum , Kim Hae Na
Published: January 2018

This study focuses on career development processes and options for older workers in South Korea and explores how career coaching enhances their career development efforts and transition needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between older employees’ goal-setting, self-efficacy, and job-search behavior mediated by career coaching. A total of 249 participants were recruited in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Based on the literature review, hypotheses were developed and tested on the structural model and the following findings were revealed. First, the findings indicate a positive effect of self-efficacy on older workers’ job-search behavior. Second, the value of career coaching was found to affect older workers’ job-search behavior in the South Korean context. Third, career-goal commitment alone did not have a positive significant effect on job-search behavior, but it was influential through the mediating process of the perceived quality of the career coaching program provided by an employment center in South Korea.
Experimental investigation of the novel BIPV/T system employing micro-channel flat-plate heat pipes
Authors: Wang Zhangyuan , Huang Zicong , Chen Fucheng , Zhao Xudong , Guo Peng
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the micro-channel flat-plate heat pipes-based BIPV/T system has been proposed, which is expected to have the characteristics, e.g. reduced contact thermal resistance, enhanced heat transfer area, improved heat transfer efficiency and building integration. The proposed system was constructed at the laboratory of Guangdong University of Technology (China) to study its performance. The temperatures of the glass cover, PV panel, micro-channel flat-plate heat pipes, and tank water were measured, as well as the ambient temperature. The thermal and electrical efficiency was also calculated for the system operated under the conditions with different simulated radiations and water flow rates. It was found that the proposed system can achieve the maximum average overall efficiency of 50.4% (thermal efficiency of 45.9% and electrical efficiency of 4.5%) for the simulated radiation of 300 W/m2 and water flow rate of 600 L/h. By comparing the proposed system with the two previous systems employing the conventional heat pipes, the thermal efficiency of the proposed system was clearly improved. The research will develop an innovative BIPV/T technology possessing high thermal conduction capability and high thermal efficiency compared with the conventional BIPV/T system, and helps realise the global targets of reducing carbon emission and saving primary energy in buildings.

Practical application: This novel BIPV/T employing micro-channel flat-plate heat pipes will be potentially used in buildings to provide amount of electricity and thermal energy. The generated electricity will be used by the residents for electrical devices, and the thermal energy can be used for hot water, even for space heating and cooling.
A further study on Welge equation
Authors: Zhang Jinqing , Yang Renfeng
Published: January 2018

Buckley–Leverett theory and Welge equation is one of the most widely used methods for predicting fluid transport in porous media. However, the average water saturation in Welge equation is a function of both water saturation and water cut, which is inconvenient to be used. While the linear relationship (the slope is 2/3) of the average water saturation and outlet water saturation proposed by Зфрос provides a simple method the oil–water viscosity ratio greatly limits the application. In this paper, based on the analytical relative permeability model and Welge equation, a new average water saturation equation with a variable (the outlet water saturation) was derived and applied in some cases under different relative permeability parameters and oil–water viscosity. Moreover, a simplified equation was proposed through certain data regression. Thus, the coefficient calculation method of the linear function was introduced based on the actual production data. Results showed a nonlinear relationship between the average water saturation and outlet water saturation, which is mainly related to water and oil relative permeability, and oil–water viscosity ratio. For the outlet water saturation higher than frontal saturation, the equation can be simplified to a linear function, which is the derivation of Зфрос equation. However, it is a function of both relative permeability and oil–water viscosity ratio instead of a constant slope of 2/3. In view of the fact that oil–water viscosity is mostly bigger than 10 in most reservoirs, the new model is an important supplement to Buckley–Leverett theory and Welge equation.
Fully three-dimensional propagation model of horizontal borehole hydraulic fractures in strata under the effect of bedding planes
Authors: Huang Bingxiang , Liu Jiangwei
Published: January 2018

The bedding plane effect will occur when hydraulic fractures propagate to the bedding plane in sedimentary strata, resulting in the “≠,” “工,” or “/” shaped fracture morphology. Based on previous physical experiments results, this article analyzed the mecroscopic propagation mechanism of tensile failure and the mechanical conditions for main hydraulic fracture and the bedding plane fracture propagating, proposing the criteria for hydraulic fracture to penetrate through the bedding plane. A fully three-dimensional model of hydraulic fracture morphology in horizontal borehole hydraulic fracturing is established with the vertical water flow, water leak-off, and bedding plane effect taken into consideration. Basic equations of continuity, pressure decline, hydraulic fracture morphology, and others are solved. After that, true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments with samples containing bedding planes are conducted to verify the aperture, length, width, and height of hydraulic fractures in this model. The model is proved to be accurate and reliable.
The Role of the Diabetes Educator in Diabetes Formulary and Medical Device Decisions
Authors:   American Association of Diabetes Educators
Published: January 2018

It is the position of the American Association of Diabetes Educators that diabetes educators should be included as expert consultants for formulary decisions regarding diabetes medications and medical devices.
2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Beck Joni , Greenwood Deborah A. , Blanton Lori , Bollinger Sandra T. , Butcher Marcene K. , Condon Jo Ellen , Cypress Marjorie , Faulkner Priscilla , Fischl Amy Hess , Francis Theresa , Kolb Leslie E. , Lavin-Tompkins Jodi M. , MacLeod Janice , Maryniuk Melinda , Mensing Carolé , Orzeck Eric A. , Pope David D. , Pulizzi Jodi L. , Reed Ardis A. , Rhinehart Andrew S. , Siminerio Linda , Wang Jing
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to review the literature for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) to ensure the National Standards for DSMES (Standards) align with current evidence-based practices and utilization trends.

Methods

The 10 Standards were divided among 20 interdisciplinary workgroup members. Members searched the current research for diabetes education and support, behavioral health, clinical, health care environment, technical, reimbursement, and business practice for the strongest evidence that guided the Standards revision.

Results

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support facilitates the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care as well as activities that assist a person in implementing and sustaining the behaviors needed to manage their condition on an ongoing basis. The evidence indicates that health care providers and people affected by diabetes are embracing technology, and this is having a positive impact of DSMES access, utilization, and outcomes.

Conclusion

Quality DSMES continues to be a critical element of care for all people with diabetes. The DSMES services must be individualized and guided by the concerns, preferences, and needs of the person affected by diabetes. Even with the abundance of evidence supporting the benefits of DSMES, it continues to be underutilized, but as with other health care services, technology is changing the way DSMES is delivered and utilized with positive outcomes.
Infant mental health: The Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System
Authors: Niccols Alison , Cunningham Charles , Pettingill Peter , Bohaychuk Donna , Duku Eric
Published: January 2018

There is a need to identify children with potential mental health issues early in order to provide “an ounce of prevention.” Unfortunately, there are few instruments available to identify emotional and behavioral issues in infants and many never receive intervention. We developed the Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System for Infants, which is a standardized online parent questionnaire including one externalizing scale (Cooperating), two internalizing scales (Expressing Emotion; Responding to Change), and two regulatory scales (Eating; Sleeping). We conducted a normative study of 542 Canadian children aged 8–17 months, stratified by sex, age, geographic region, and parents’ marital status, income, and education. Results of confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated good model fit and the relationship between items and subscales did not vary significantly between boys and girls or between younger and older infants. Reliability estimates indicated high internal consistency and adequate to high test-retest reliability. Providing preliminary evidence of validity, scale scores had moderate to strong positive relations with measures of family distress, caregiver mood, and demographic variables. Analyses of latent variables revealed good evidence of discriminant validity of the scales. We extend earlier work by addressing a very young age range, including subscales particularly relevant to infant emotional and behavioral regulation while at the same time minimizing respondent burden, and providing norms for Canadian infants. The questionnaire could be used in children’s mental health settings, primary care, child welfare, and daycare facilities, for intake, triage, and describing infants.
A preliminary comparison study of burnout and engagement in performance students in Australia, Poland and the UK
Authors: Zabuska Anna , Ginsborg Jane , Wasley David
Published: January 2018

While there is a growing body of research concerning the well-being of music students, burnout and engagement remain largely unexplored. Likewise, cross-national variations in approaches to music education, and different educational experiences of men and women may influence burnout and engagement. This preliminary study aimed to inform further research by establishing the levels of, and exploring cross-national and sex differences in burnout and engagement in music performance students at conservatoires in Australia, Poland and the UK ( n = 331). Self-reported levels of burnout were, typically, low to moderate. Nevertheless, one in ten students reported symptoms such that they could be classified as burned out. Australian and UK students displayed more burnout than students in Poland, although Australian students reported lower levels of reduced sense of accomplishment than Polish and UK students. Self-reported engagement was, typically, moderate to high. Students in Poland reported higher levels of engagement than those in the UK. Women displayed higher levels of global burnout and emotional/physical exhaustion, while men reported lower levels of reduced sense of accomplishment. Further research on burnout and engagement could build on this investigation to gain a better understanding of their impact and the influence of the educational experience on students’ music-related well-being.
Cognitive emotion regulation and positive dyadic outcomes in married couples
Authors: Rusu Petruta P. , Bodenmann Guy , Kayser Karen
Published: January 2018

The aim of the present research was to investigate the association between spouses’ individual cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies, dyadic coping behaviors, and relationship satisfaction. Using a sample of 295 couples (590 individuals), we found that adaptive CER strategies (putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, and planning refocusing) were related to positive dyadic coping (supportive, common, and delegated coping in couples), which in turn increased both partners’ relationship satisfaction. Analyses using actor–partner interdependence modeling indicated that dyadic coping mediated the association between spouses’ CER and their own relationship satisfaction. These findings support the importance of addressing both cognitive coping strategies and dyadic coping in prevention and intervention in couples.
Chinese immigrant entrepreneurship: Embeddedness and the interaction of resources with the wider social and economic context
Authors: Wang Yurong , Warn James
Published: January 2018

This article investigates the factors that influenced the entrepreneurial start-up businesses among Chinese immigrants who had been granted residency under three different immigration policies in Australia. These immigrant groups differed in their resources and experienced different market conditions which led to different opportunity structures and subsequent choices of entrepreneurial activities. The mixed embeddedness model was identified as being useful for analysing the factors contributing to the business start-ups of these Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs. The research contributes to the existing literature by developing a dynamic analysis of the interaction of personal resources and economic conditions in the pursuit of business ventures. Also, the intersectionality of gender, race and class is analysed in relation to the mixed embeddedness model. Importantly, this research emphasises the need to look beyond either broad cultural factors or single factors in attempting to analyse the pathways selected by immigrant entrepreneurs.
Annual review article: Is it time to rethink the gender agenda in entrepreneurship research?
Authors: Marlow Susan , Martinez Dy Angela
Published: January 2018

This article develops a critique of contemporary approaches to analysing the impact of gender upon entrepreneurial propensity and activity. Since the 1990s, increasing attention has been afforded to the influence of gender on women’s entrepreneurial behaviour; such analyses have highlighted an embedded masculinity within the entrepreneurial discourse which privileges men as normative entrepreneurial actors. While invaluable in revealing a prevailing masculine bias within entrepreneurship, this critique is bounded by positioning women as a proxy for the gendered subject. This is a potentially limiting analysis that does not fully recognise gender as a human property with myriad articulations enacted throughout entrepreneurial activity. To progress debate, we engage more deeply with the notion of gender as a multiplicity, exploring the implications of such for future studies of entrepreneurial activity.
The mindset of UK environmental entrepreneurs: A habitus perspective
Authors: Outsios Georgios , Kittler Markus
Published: January 2018

Environmental entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant sub-domain of entrepreneurship research. Drawing from Bourdieu’s work on the notion of habitus, we theorise on the emergence of UK environmental entrepreneurs. Based on evidence from a focus group and a series of in-depth interviews with twenty social and commercial environmental entrepreneurs, we provide insights on past experiences which culturally shaped the participants’ environmental and entrepreneurial dispositions. Specifically, we illustrate how education and the environmental movement in the form of role models, environmental literature and philosophy became influential elements of the interviewees’ cultural legacy. We also depict how parenthood and travel experiences, especially to places of significant environmental degradation, profoundly affected the formation of the environmental and entrepreneurial habitus of our interviewed environmental entrepreneurs. Contributing to the emerging theory of practice studies in entrepreneurship research, we provide a systematic habitus approach to the environmental entrepreneurial mindset.
Content analysis of corruption coverage: Cross-national differences and commonalities
Authors: Hajdu Miklós , Pápay Boróka , Szántó Zoltán , Tóth István János
Published: January 2018

The article presents and summarizes some results from extensive cross-national content analysis of media coverage of corruption. The authors examined a sample containing 12,742 articles published in France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and the United Kingdom from 2004 to 2013. A limited number of studies have been done thus far to reveal how the media deals with corruption cases in certain countries, and cross-national comparative analyses are exceedingly scarce. The core focus of the study is to reveal the significant differences in the corruption cases covered by the media according to the countries under analysis. We assume that some differences exist between the media coverage of corruption in the new and the old European Union member states and also that by classifying countries into groups based on their perception of the level of the corruption, some dissimilarities will be revealed between them. We conclude that the distinction between countries based on whether they are old or new European Union members does not wholly determine the nature of reporting on international or national corruption cases, for example, Italy was more similar to the old European Union member states in this sense. Considering the level of institutionalization of corruption cases, Italy appears to be more similar to the other old European Union members, but we should clarify that differences based on this feature of the cases are not clearly highlighted in the interaction model. However, if we use the variable perceptions of corruption to classify countries, we find that countries with a ‘cleaner’ environment (the United Kingdom, France) place more focus on reporting corruption cases in the international arena.
Effects of two feedback interventions on end-of-life outcomes in nursing home residents with dementia: A cluster-randomized controlled three-armed trial
Authors: Boogaard Jannie A , de Vet Henrica CW , van Soest-Poortvliet Mirjam C , Anema Johannes R , Achterberg Wilco P , van der Steen Jenny T
Published: January 2018

Background:

Despite increased attention for palliative care in dementia, recent studies found burdensome symptoms and unmet family caregiver needs in the last phase of life. Feedback is being used to improve the quality of palliative care, but we do not know how effective it is.

Aim:

To assess the effect of two feedback strategies on perceived quality of end-of-life care and comfort in dying nursing home residents with dementia.

Methods:

In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the End-of-Life in Dementia–Satisfaction With Care and the End-of-Life in Dementia–Comfort Assessment in Dying scales were completed by bereaved family caregivers of residents with dementia of 18 Dutch nursing homes. Two feedback strategies, generic feedback with mean End-of-Life in Dementia-scores and feedback with individual (patient-specific) End-of-Life in Dementia-scores, were compared to no feedback provided. The intervention groups discussed End-of-Life in Dementia-ratings in team meetings and formulated actions to improve care. Multi-level analyses assessed effects.

Results:

A total of 668 families rated the End-of-Life in Dementia–instruments. Compared to no feedback, the generic strategy resulted in lower quality of end-of-life care in unadjusted ( B = −1.65, confidence interval = −3.27; −0.21) and adjusted analyses ( B = −2.41, confidence interval = −4.07; −0.76), while there was no effect on comfort. The patient-specific strategy did not affect the quality of end-of-life care, but it increased comfort in unadjusted analyses (only, B = 2.20, confidence interval = 0.15; 4.39; adjusted: B = 1.88, confidence interval = −0.34; 4.10).

Conclusion:

Neither feedback strategy improved end-of-life outcome. Perhaps, skills to translate the feedback into care improvement actions were insufficient. Feedback with favorable family ratings might even have triggered opposite effects. Trial number: NTR3942.
Neuroimaging meta-analysis of cannabis use studies reveals convergent functional alterations in brain regions supporting cognitive control and reward processing
Authors: Yanes Julio A , Riedel Michael C , Ray Kimberly L , Kirkland Anna E , Bird Ryan T , Boeving Emily R , Reid Meredith A , Gonzalez Raul , Robinson Jennifer L , Laird Angela R , Sutherland Matthew T
Published: January 2018

Lagging behind rapid changes to state laws, societal views, and medical practice is the scientific investigation of cannabis’s impact on the human brain. While several brain imaging studies have contributed important insight into neurobiological alterations linked with cannabis use, our understanding remains limited. Here, we sought to delineate those brain regions that consistently demonstrate functional alterations among cannabis users versus non-users across neuroimaging studies using the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis framework. In ancillary analyses, we characterized task-related brain networks that co-activate with cannabis-affected regions using data archived in a large neuroimaging repository, and then determined which psychological processes may be disrupted via functional decoding techniques. When considering convergent alterations among users, decreased activation was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and limbic areas and was linked with cognitive control processes. Similarly, decreased activation was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which co-activated with frontal and occipital areas and linked with attention-related processes. Conversely, increased activation among users was observed in the striatum, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and other limbic areas and linked with reward processing. These meta-analytic outcomes indicate that cannabis use is linked with differential, region-specific effects across the brain.
Sequential drug treatment algorithm for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer’s and mixed dementia
Authors: Davies Simon JC , Burhan Amer M , Kim Donna , Gerretsen Philip , Graff-Guerrero Ariel , Woo Vincent L , Kumar Sanjeev , Colman Sarah , Pollock Bruce G , Mulsant Benoit H , Rajji Tarek K
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) include agitation and aggression in people with dementia. BPSD is common on inpatient psychogeriatric units and may prevent individuals from living at home or in residential/nursing home settings. Several drugs and non-pharmacological treatments have been shown to be effective in reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Algorithmic treatment may address the challenge of synthesizing this evidence-based knowledge.

Methods:

A multidisciplinary team created evidence-based algorithms for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. We present drug treatment algorithms for agitation and aggression associated with Alzheimer’s and mixed Alzheimer’s/vascular dementia. Drugs were appraised by psychiatrists based on strength of evidence of efficacy, time to onset of clinical effect, tolerability, ease of use, and efficacy for indications other than behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Results:

After baseline assessment and discontinuation of potentially exacerbating medications, sequential trials are recommended with risperidone, aripiprazole or quetiapine, carbamazepine, citalopram, gabapentin, and prazosin. Titration schedules are proposed, with adjustments for frailty. Additional guidance is given on use of electroconvulsive therapy, optimization of existing cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine, and use of pro re nata medications.

Conclusion:

This algorithm-based approach for drug treatment of agitation/aggression in Alzheimer’s/mixed dementia has been implemented in several Canadian Hospital Inpatient Units. Impact should be assessed in future research.
Framing the Undergraduate Research Experience: Discovery Involvement in Retailing Undergraduate Education
Authors: Sternquist Brenda , Huddleston Patricia , Fairhurst Ann
Published: January 2018

We provide an overview of ways to involve undergraduate business and retailing students in faculty research projects and discuss advantages of these student–faculty collaborations. We use Kolb’s experiential learning cycle to provide a framework for creating an effective and engaging undergraduate research experience and use it to classify types of projects in which our undergraduate students have participated. These types of projects include (a) theory building and testing, (b) empirical research using primary or secondary data collection, (c) practitioner-oriented projects, and (d) creative projects. We provide specific examples of each type of project and then apply Kolb’s experiential learning cycle roles to a variety of undergraduate research projects. We conclude with a discussion of the benefits of involving undergraduate students in research projects.
Differences in home blood pressure and pulse rates between singleton and twin pregnancies
Authors: Mikami Yukiko , Takai Yasushi , Era Sumiko , Ono Yoshihisa , Saitoh Masahiro , Baba Kazunori , Suzuki Hiromichi , Seki Hiroyuki
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To evaluate home blood pressure (HBP) measurements during pregnancy and postpartum and investigate differences between singleton and twin pregnancies.

Methods

This prospective study involved normotensive, pregnant women who were planning to give birth at Saitama Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan between September 2013 and March 2017. HBP and pulse rate were measured twice daily and clinical blood pressure values were determined from patient records.

Results

HBP values were available from 101 participants; 69 women with singleton and 32 women with twin pregnancies. Systolic BP was statistically significantly higher in twin pregnancies from 23 weeks of gestation until 8 weeks after delivery compared with singleton pregnancies. Pulse rate was also statistically significantly higher between 11 and 30 weeks gestation in women with twin pregnancies compared with those with singleton pregnancies.

Conclusions

BP monitoring is important in the management of twin pregnancies, especially during the later gestational weeks and postpartum period and HBP would facilitate this monitoring.
Assessment of the anterolateral ligament of the knee by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kızılgöz Volkan , Sivrioğlu Ali Kemal , Aydın Hasan , Çetin Türkhun , Ulusoy Gökhan Ragıp
Published: January 2018

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the visibility of the knee’s anterolateral ligament (ALL) by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging when evaluating injuries of the ALL in relation to injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Methods

Two reviewers retrospectively analyzed MR images for the visibility and dimensions of the ALL and the relationship between ALL and ACL injuries. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa analysis were used to assess interobserver reliability. The chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between ALL and ACL injuries.

Results

The entire ALL was viewed on 82% of all MR images. The ICC for ALL visualization ranged from moderate to perfect between the two readers. There was almost perfect agreement between the reviewers when evaluating ALL dimensions. The mean length ± standard error, median thickness, and mean width ± standard error of the ALL were 36.5 ± 0.6 mm, 2.5 mm, and 8.2 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was observed between ALL and ACL injuries.

Conclusion

The ALL was visible on most MR images, allowing ALL injuries to be noted during routine MR image interpretation. Radiologists should note concomitant ACL and ALL injuries as part of their assessments.
The Bandwidth of Diagnostic Horizontal Structure for Face Identification
Authors: Pachai Matthew V. , Bennett Patrick J. , Sekuler Allison B.
Published: January 2018

Horizontally oriented spatial frequency components are a diagnostic source of face identity information, and sensitivity to this information predicts upright identification accuracy and the magnitude of the face-inversion effect. However, the bandwidth at which this information is conveyed, and the extent to which human tuning matches this distribution of information, has yet to be characterized. We designed a 10-alternative forced choice face identification task in which upright or inverted faces were filtered to retain horizontal or vertical structure. We systematically varied the bandwidth of these filters in 10° steps and replaced the orientation components that were removed from the target face with components from the average of all possible faces. This manipulation created patterns that looked like faces but contained diagnostic information in orientation bands unknown to the observer on any given trial. Further, we quantified human performance relative to the actual information content of our face stimuli using an ideal observer with perfect knowledge of the diagnostic band. We found that the most diagnostic information for face identification is conveyed by a narrow band of orientations along the horizontal meridian, whereas human observers use information from a wide range of orientations.
Changes in Parental Time with Children in China, 2004–2011
Authors: Zhao Sibo
Published: January 2018

Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this research addresses the limitations of previous research on parental involvement in childcare in China by examining the cohort variations in parents’ childcare time and exploring the influences of individual characteristics on childcare for each parent within the family. The results show that while the trend in men’s childcare time increased from 2004 to 2011, women’s childcare time slightly decreased over the same period; however, while women spent more childcare time in more recent cohorts relative to earlier cohorts, there is no significant change across men’s cohorts.
Phase I Clinical Trial with the AMC-Bioartificial Liver
Authors: Van De Kerkhove M.-P. , Di Florio E. , Scuderi V. , Mancini A. , Belli A. , Bracco A. , Dauri M. , Tisone G. , Di Nicuolo G. , Amoroso P. , Spadari A. , Lombardi G. , Hoekstra R. , Calise F. , Chamuleau R. A.F.M.
Published: January 2018

Recently a bio-artificial liver (BAL) system has been developed at the Academic Medical Center (AMC) of Amsterdam to bridge patients with acute liver failure (ALF) to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). After successful testing of the AMC-BAL in rodents and pigs with ALF, a phase I study in ALF patients waiting for (OLT) was started in Italy. We present the safety outcome of the first 7 patients aged 21–56 years with coma grade III or IV. The total AMC-BAL treatment time ranged from 8 to 35 hours. Three patients received 2 treatments with two different BAL's within three days. Six of the 7 patients were successfully bridged to OLT. One patient showed improved liver function after two treatments and did not need OLT. No severe adverse events of the BAL treatment were noted.

Conclusion

Treatment of ALF patients with the AMC-BAL is a safe and feasible technique to bridge the waiting time for an adequate liver-graft.