bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are frequently positive for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, but their sera also react with unmodified arginine‐containing peptide
Authors: Kakumanu Prasanthi , Yamagata Hajime , Sobel Eric S. , Reeves Westley H. , Chan Edward K. L. , Satoh Minoru
Published: May 2008

Objective

The anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has high sensitivity and specificity for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, detection of anti‐CCP in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has recently been reported. To determine whether this activity was specific for the citrullinated residue, the specificity of anti‐CCP–positive sera for CCP versus that for unmodified arginine‐containing peptide (CAP) was examined in patients with TB and compared with that in patients with RA.

Methods

Anti‐CCP and anti‐CAP in sera from patients with pulmonary TB (n = 49), RA patients (n = 36), and controls (n = 18) were tested by ELISA. Sera were available at diagnosis from most TB patients. All TB patients were treated with a combination of 2–4 antibiotics for at least 6 months, and sera were collected over time.

Results

Anti‐CCP was found in 37% of TB patients and in 43% of RA patients. CAP reactivity was more common in TB than in RA. High anti‐CCP:anti‐CAP ratios (>2.0) were seen far more commonly in anti‐CCP–positive RA patients than in anti‐CCP–positive TB patients (94% versus 22%). Anti‐CCP was inhibited by CCP peptide in sera from RA patients, but not in sera from TB patients. A slight increase in anti‐CCP was common after initiating treatment for TB, although the anti‐CCP level decreased after 1–2 months.

Conclusion

Anti‐CCP is frequently present in patients with active TB. However, many anti‐CCP–positive TB sera also reacted with CAP, and anti‐CCP:anti‐CAP ratios in TB sera were low. Anti‐CCP:anti‐CAP ratios should be useful clinically for distinguishing CCP‐specific reactivity seen in RA from reactivity with both CCP and CAP frequently seen in pulmonary TB.
Direct B cell stimulation by dendritic cells in a mouse model of lupus
Authors: Wan Suigui , Zhou Zhenhai , Duan Biyan , Morel Laurence
Published: May 2008

Objective

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in regulating lymphocytes, including B cells, and defective DC functions have been implicated in lupus. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of DCs to B cell hyperactivity in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (B6.TC) murine lupus model.

Methods

We compared the effects of B6 and B6.TC bone marrow–derived DCs on naive B cells cocultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti‐CD40, or anti‐IgM. We measured the proliferation, antibody production, and expression of activation markers and chemokine receptors for the B cells, as well as DC cytokine production. B cell proliferation was also assessed in Transwell experiments and in response to activated DC supernatants or exosomes. The role of DC‐produced cytokines was evaluated with blocking antibodies and transgenic mice.

Results

LPS‐stimulated or anti‐CD40–stimulated DCs from B6.TC mice increased B cell proliferation, antibody production, and chemokine receptor expression as compared with DCs from B6 mice. Cell‐to‐cell contact was not necessary for the augmented effect of the lupus‐prone DCs. Anti‐CD40 treatment induced a higher production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor α in B6.TC DCs. Blocking these individual cytokines, however, did not abrogate the effects of B6.TC DCs. Additional experiments also ruled out involvement of BAFF, IL‐12, and interferon‐α.

Conclusion

Activated DCs from B6.TC mice directly increase B cell effector functions. This effect depends on soluble factors released by activated DCs, but none of the single major DC‐produced cytokines known to affect B cells are necessary. Increased sIL‐6R production suggests that increased sensitivity to IL‐6 may be involved.
Hypoxic synovial environment and expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 3γ/CCL20 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Bosco Maria Carla , Delfino Silvana , Ferlito Francesca , Battaglia Florinda , Puppo Maura , Gregorio Andrea , Gambini Claudio , Gattorno Marco , Martini Alberto , Varesio Luigi
Published: May 2008

Objective

Synovial inflammation is a major determinant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) pathogenesis and is mediated by local chemokine secretion. Monocytic cells are an important source of chemokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of CCL20, a macrophage inflammatory protein, in synovial fluid (SF) and SF‐derived monocytic cells from JIA patients and its regulation by hypoxia, a common feature of the inflamed synovial environment.

Methods

Mononuclear cells and monocytic cells were isolated from paired SF and peripheral blood (PB) samples from JIA patients and were maintained in a hypoxic environment or subjected to reoxygenation. CCL20 concentrations in SF, PB, and culture supernatants were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. CCL20 expression was assessed in both freshly purified and cultured cells by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and HIF‐2α were detected in the synovial tissue and cells of JIA patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

Results

CCL20 concentrations were significantly higher in SF compared with PB samples (P < 0.0001). SF mononuclear cells, but not matched PB mononuclear cells, constitutively expressed CCL20 messenger RNA. The SF monocytic cell fraction produced higher amounts of CCL20 than did SF lymphocytes, and CCL20 expression was associated with HIF positivity. Reoxygenation abrogated HIF and CCL20 expression, which was maintained in SF monocytic cells exposed to prolonged hypoxia.

Conclusion

CCL20 is released into the SF of JIA patients, and SF monocytic cells are a major source of this chemokine. The hypoxic synovial microenvironment may directly contribute to the persistent inflammation associated with JIA by increasing CCL20 production by SF monocytic cells, thus representing a potential therapeutic target.
Amelioration of collagen‐induced arthritis in rats by adenovirus‐mediated PTEN gene transfer
Authors: Wang Chrong‐Reen , Shiau Ai‐Li , Chen Shih‐Yao , Lin Ling‐Ling , Tai Ming‐Hong , Shieh Gia‐Shing , Lin Pey‐Ru , Yo Yi‐Te , Lee Che‐Hsin , Kuo Shiao‐Mei , Liu Ming‐Fei , Jou I‐Ming , Yang Chyun‐Yu , Shen Po‐Chuan , Lee Hwei‐Ling , Wu Chao‐Liang
Published: May 2008

Objective

The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase)/Akt pathway is known to be activated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, which impacts cell growth, proliferation, survival, and migration. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) functions as a negative regulator of PI 3‐kinase signaling, thus blocking Akt activation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTEN gene transfer in rats with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods

Adenoviral vectors encoding human PTEN (AdPTEN) or β‐galactosidase (AdLacZ) were injected intraarticularly into rats with CIA, and their treatment responses were monitored by measures of clinical, radiographic, and histologic changes. The expression of phosphorylated Akt, total Akt, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, as well as the extent of microvessel density in the ankle joints were determined.

Results

AdPTEN treatment reduced Akt phosphorylation and decreased VEGF production in human RA synovial fibroblasts. Compared with AdLacZ treatment of the rats with CIA, AdPTEN treatment significantly reduced ankle circumference, articular index scores, radiography scores, and histology scores, and also decreased microvessel density and levels of VEGF and interleukin‐1β. Furthermore, PTEN gene transfer led to down‐regulation of Akt activation and increased apoptosis in the ankle joints.

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate the in vivo effect of intraarticular gene delivery of PTEN on amelioration of arthritis symptoms in rats with CIA, which involved antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory effects of PTEN via inhibition of the PI 3‐kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings also implicate the PI 3‐kinase/Akt pathway as a therapeutic target for the treatment of RA or other inflammatory diseases.
Ciprofloxacin‐mediated cell proliferation inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest in rat tendon cells
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chung , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Tang Fuk‐Tan , Wong Alice M. K. , Chen Yen‐Ching , Pang Jong‐Hwei S.
Published: May 2008

Objective

To investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of tendon cells, and to explore the potential molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin‐associated tendinopathy by analyzing the expression of cell cycle–related cyclin and cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK).

Methods

Rat Achilles tendon cells were treated with ciprofloxacin and then assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for CDK‐1 and cyclin B were determined by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of CDK‐1, cyclin B, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK‐1), and polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK‐1) was determined by Western blot analysis.

Results

Ciprofloxacin inhibited tendon cell proliferation and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Confocal microscopy revealed that chromosomes in ciprofloxacin‐treated cells neither properly aligned along the equatorial planes nor segregated successfully during metaphase. Mitotic arrest, misaligned chromosomes, and poor bipolar spindle formation were observed in ciprofloxacin‐treated cells. CDK‐1 and cyclin B protein and mRNA were both down‐regulated. CHK‐1 protein expression was also suppressed, but PLK‐1 protein expression was up‐regulated by ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of ciprofloxacin‐associated tendinopathy. Down‐regulation of CHK‐1 and up‐regulation of PLK‐1 may account for mitotic arrest observed in ciprofloxacin‐treated cells.
Crystal‐induced neutrophil activation: X. Proinflammatory role of the tyrosine kinase Tec
Authors: Popa‐Nita Oana , Marois Louis , Paré Guillaume , Naccache Paul H.
Published: May 2008

Objective

Monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals are among the most potent proinflammatory stimuli, and an innate immune inflammatory response to the crystal surface is involved in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. Release of the crystals into the joint cavity promotes an acute inflammation characterized by massive infiltration of neutrophils, which leads to tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to assess the involvement of the tyrosine kinase Tec in MSU crystal–initiated transduction events in human neutrophils.

Methods

Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques were used for the cellular signaling studies. Chemotaxis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques were used for the functional studies. Silencing of Tec expression using specific small interfering RNA was also performed.

Results

MSU crystals induced the phosphorylation and activation of Tec in a Src‐dependent manner. This activation was necessary for the MSU crystal–induced secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐8 and for the generation of chemotactic activity in supernatants of MSU crystal–stimulated neutrophils. In addition, colchicine, an effective drug for the treatment of gout, inhibited the MSU crystal–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Tec, thus modulating its kinase activity.

Conclusion

Our findings show that Tec is the principal kinase of the Tec family that plays a major role in the responses of human neutrophils to MSU crystals, which are likely to be involved in the initiation and perpetuation of gout. Our results suggest that the specific inhibition of Tec during the acute phase of MSU crystal–induced inflammation may be considered for the treatment of gouty arthritis.
Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics renal activity/response exercise: Comparison of agreement in rating renal response
Authors: Petri Michelle , Kasitanon Nuntana , Singh Sukminder , Link Kimberly , Magder Laurence , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Hanly John G. , Nived Ola , Sturfelt Gunnar , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Wallace Daniel J. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Adu Dwomoa , Avila‐Casado Carmen , Bernatsky Sasha R. , Bruce Ian N. , Clarke Ann E. , Contreras Gabriel , Fine Derek M. , Gladman Dafna D. , Gordon Caroline , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Madaio Michael P. , Rovin Brad H. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Steinsson Kristjan , Aranow Cynthia , Balow James E. , Buyon Jill P. , Ginzler Ellen M. , Khamashta Munther A. , Urowitz Murray B. , Dooley Mary Anne , Merrill Joan T. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Font Josef , Tumlin James , Stoll Thomas , Zoma Asad
Published: May 2008

Objective

To assess the degree to which physicians agree with each other and with ratings obtained with 3 existing responder indices, in rating the response to treatment of lupus nephritis.

Methods

Lupus nephritis patient medical records from 125 pairs of visits (6 months apart) were used to create renal response scenarios. Seven nephrologists and 22 rheumatologists rated each scenario as demonstrating complete response, partial response, same, or worsening. The plurality (most frequent) rating of renal response by the physicians was compared with the calculated score from the renal component of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index (original and updated [2004] version) and of the Responder Index for Lupus Erythematosus (RIFLE). The degree of agreement among the physicians was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The degree of agreement between the plurality physician rating and ratings obtained with the established response indices was assessed using the kappa statistic.

Results

The ICC among all physicians was 0.64 (0.62 for nephrologists and 0.67 for rheumatologists). The chance‐adjusted measure of agreement (kappa coefficient) between the plurality physician rating and the calculated score obtained using established indexes was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.38–0.61) for the RIFLE, 0.14 (95% CI 0.03–0.25) for the original BILAG, and 0.23 (95% CI 0.21–0.44) for the BILAG 2004.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that rheumatologists as a group and nephrologists as a group have equal agreement in their rating of renal response. There was moderate agreement between plurality physician ratings and ratings obtained using the renal component of the RIFLE. Ratings of response using an index based on the original BILAG did not have good agreement with the plurality physician rating.
Trends in Internet information behavior, 2000–2004
Authors: Buente Wayne , Robbin Alice
Published: June 2008

By 2000, the Internet became an information and communication medium that was integrated in our everyday lives. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the research reported in this article analyzes the wide variety of information that people seek on the Internet and investigates trends in Internet information activities between 2000 and 2004, using repeated cross‐sectional data from the Pew Internet and American Life surveys to examine Internet activities that contribute to everyday life and their predictors. The objective is to deepen our understanding of Internet activities and everyday life and contribute to a growing body of research that utilizes large‐scale empirical data on Internet use and everyday life. We ask: who is embedding the Internet into their everyday lives and what are the activities they pursue to facilitate everyday life? Findings demonstrate the differential returns for Internet use, particularly in key demographic categories. The study also contributes to emerging research on the digital divide, namely emphasis on the study of use rather than access to technology. Identifying trends in key Internet use dimensions enables policymakers to target populations who underutilize the potential of networked technologies.
The effects of inverter magnetic fields on early seed germination of mung beans
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Hsiung , Wang Show‐Ran
Published: June 2008

The biological effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) on living organisms have been explored in many studies. Most of them demonstrate the biological effects caused by 50/60 Hz magnetic fields or pulsed magnetic fields. However, as the development of power electronics flourishes, the magnetic fields induced are usually in other different waveforms. This study aims to assess the effects of magnetic fields generated by inverter systems on the early growth of plants using mung beans as an example. In the experiment, an inverter which can produce sinusoidal pulsed width modulation (SPWM) voltages was used to drive 3 specially made circular coils and an AC motor. Six SPWM voltages with different fundamental frequencies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Hz) set on the inverter drive the circuit to produce the specific kinds of MFs. The results indicate that the magnetic field induced by a 20 or 60 Hz SPWM voltage has an enhancing effect on the early growth of mung beans, but the magnetic fields induced by SPWM voltages of other frequencies (30, 40, and 50 Hz) have an inhibitory effect, especially at 50 Hz. Bioelectromagnetics 29:649–657, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors promoting academic success among African American and white male community college students
Authors: Perrakis Athena I.
Published: June 2008

This chapter examines factors that predict and promote academic success, defined as grade point average and course completion, among African American and white male students in a large, urban community college district.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of Sr3NaNbO6 and Sr3NaTaO6: New Photoluminescent Oxides.
Authors: Bharathy M. , Rassolov V. A. , zur Loye H.‐C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu20Sb35O44Br37 — One Structure, Two Temperature Dependencies.
Authors: Hugonin Zuzana , Johnsson Mats , Lidin Sven
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of the Hexagonal Perovskite Ba5In0.93Mn4O14.40.
Authors: Yin Congling , Li Guobao , Jin Tounan , You Liping , Tao Julian , Richardson James W. , Loong Chun‐K. , Sun Junliang , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Purely Inorganic Open‐Framework Bimetallic Phosphite with Intersecting 12‐ and 16‐Membered Ring Channels.
Authors: Li Gaijuan , Xing Yan , Liu Yunling , Liu Xianchun , Xu Ning , Song Shuyan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tripeptides as Efficient Asymmetric Catalysts for 1,4‐Addition Reactions of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins — A Rational Approach.
Authors: Wiesner Markus , Revell Jefferson D. , Wennemers Helma
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bench‐Stable Homodinuclear Ni2—Schiff Base Complex for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Tetrasubstituted anti‐α,β‐Diamino Acid Surrogates.
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Acyclic Amides.
Authors: Zhang Kai , Peng Qian , Hou Xue‐Long , Wu Yun‐Dong
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Homocoupling Reactions of Halide Compounds Catalyzed by Manganese (II) Chloride.
Authors: Yuan Yu , Bian Yubo
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed/Lewis Acid Promoted Alkene Dimerization and Cross‐Coupling with Alcohols via C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Jun , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang En , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Cao Ke , Shi Lei
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective RhI‐Catalyzed Tandem Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids—Michael Cyclization.
Authors: Navarro Cristina , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Decatungstate‐Mediated Radical Reactions of C60 with Substituted Toluenes and Anisoles: A New Photochemical Functionalization Strategy for Fullerenes.
Authors: Tzirakis Manolis D. , Orfanopoulos Michael
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic β‐Lactams Through Radical Cyclization and Their Reduction Toward 2‐(1‐Alkoxy‐2‐hydroxyethyl)piperidines and 2‐(1‐Alkoxy‐2‐hydroxyethyl)azepanes.
Authors: Leemans Erika , D'hooghe Matthias , Dejaegher Yves , Toernroos Karl W. , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrrole Derivatives via a Four‐Component Reaction of Two Primary Amines and Diketene in the Presence of Nitrostyrene.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh , Bijanzadeh Hamid R.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(Azuleno[b]indolyl)‐3‐buten‐2‐ones by Intramolecular Tropylium Ion Mediated Furan Ring Unravelled Reaction.
Authors: Nishiura Mitsuko , Ueda Ikuko , Yamamura Kimiaki
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1H‐indazole Derivatives via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination Reaction.
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhu Yongming , Qin Liena , Ji Shunjun
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reaction of 5‐Aryl‐6‐trifluoromethyl‐3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐[1,3,4]oxadiazines Accessing 5‐Trifluoromethylimidazoles.
Authors: Kamitori Yasuhiro , Sekiyama Tomoko , Okada Etsuji
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Closing Metathesis Reactions of Imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Lovely Carl J. , Chen Yingzhong , Ekanayake E. Vindana
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,3‐Oxathiin‐6‐ones with Bases: Synthesis of 4‐Mercapto‐2‐pyrone.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Koda Masahiro
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Dienes. Part 5. An Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Approach to 2‐Substituted 4‐Methoxyxanthones and 3,4‐Dimethoxyxanthones.
Authors: Dang Anh‐Thu , Miller David O. , Dawe Louise N. , Bodwell Graham J.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Thiochromans Using an Organocatalytic Enantioselective Tandem Michael—Henry Reaction
Authors: Dodda Rajasekhar , Goldman Joshua J. , Mandal Tanmay , Zhao Cong‐Gui , Broker Grant A. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Tandem Michael—Knoevenagel Reaction for the Synthesis of Substituted Thiochromanes.
Authors: Dodda Rajasekhar , Mandal Tanmay , Zhao Cong‐Gui
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketoximes and Alkynes.
Authors: Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,6‐Diaryl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitriles via Three‐Component Cyclocondensation under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rong Liangce , Han Hongxia , Jiang Hong , Shi Daqing , Tu Shujiang
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Synthetic Routes to 4H‐ and 10bH‐Pyrido[2,1‐a]isoindol‐6‐ones.
Authors: Dura Robert D. , Modolo Isabelle , Paquette Leo A.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Route to 1‐Substituted 3‐(Dialkylamino)‐9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Landmesser Thomas , Linden Anthony , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Preparation of Substituted Indolizines and Indole from Simple Aromatic Precursors Using (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane.
Authors: Zhu Liusheng , Vimolratana Marc , Brown Sean P. , Medina Julio C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR of Novel 1,1‐Dialkyl‐2(1H)‐naphthalenones as Potent HCV Polymerase Inhibitors.
Authors: Bosse Todd D. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynes as Stille Reaction Pseudohalides: Gold‐ and Palladium‐Cocatalyzed Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetra‐Substituted Olefins.
Authors: Shi Yili , Peterson Sonja M. , Haberaecker Walter W. III , Blum Suzanne A.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4′‐Thiopurine Nucleosides Using Hypervalent Iodine Compounds.
Authors: Nishizono Naozumi , Soma Kayo , Baba Ryosuke , Machida Minoru , Oda Kazuaki
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Facile Synthesis of Shikalkin.
Authors: Lu Qun , Tang Hao Lun , Shao Yan Qiang , Cai Jun Chao
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Bruce Peter G. , Scrosati Bruno , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Aspects of the Design of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Shevelkov A. V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exothermic Reaction Waves in Multilayer Nanofilms
Authors: Rogachev A. S.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects of Glycoside Bond Formation: Solid‐Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Jonke Simon , Liu Ke‐gang
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Chemistry Profoundly Influence All Selectivities in Glycosyl Couplings
Authors: Fraser‐Reid Bert , Jayaprakash K. N. , Lopez J. Cristobal , Gomez Ana M. , Uriel Clara
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncommon Sugars and Their Conjugates to Natural Products
Authors: Chen Wenlan , Zhang Guisheng , Zhu Lizhi , Fang Lanyan , Cao Xianhua , Kedenburg James , Shen Jie , Sun Duxin , Wang Peng George
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Mediated Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Harjani J. R. , Naik P. U. , Nara S. J. , Salunkhe M. M.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) Phenomenon Induced by Administration of PEGylated Liposome
Authors: Ishida Tatsuhiro , Kiwada Hiroshi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spin—Spin Couplings Involving Nuclei in the Neighborhood of a Carbonyl Group. 3JCH Couplings in α‐Substituted Acetamides
Authors: Pedersoli Susimaire , dos Santos Francisco P. , Rittner Roberto , Contreras Ruben H. , Tormena Claudio F.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isotopic Labeling in Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Studying Reaction Mechanisms of Ion Dissociations
Authors: Holmes John L. , Jobst Karl J. , Terlouw Johan K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetische und optische Eigenschaften von Sauerstoff. Chemie im Unterricht
Authors: Adelhelm Manfred , Habekost Achim
Published: June 2008

Mit einfachen Versuchsanordnungen lässt sich auch in der Schule der Paramagnetismus von flüssigem Sauerstoff demonstrieren und die blaue Farbe untersuchen. Betrachtungen mit der MO‐Theorie erlauben eine Deutung dieser Eigenschaften. Die Beziehungen der blauen Farbe des flüssigen Sauerstoffs zur roten Chemolumineszenz von Singulett‐Sauerstoff werden vereinfacht in Experiment und Theorie aufgezeigt. Die Diskussion dieser physikalischen Eigenschaften kann den Unterricht zum Thema Sauerstoff bereichern.
Optische Einzelmolekülspektroskopie. Einblicke in den Nanokosmos
Authors: Herten Dirk‐Peter
Published: June 2008

Aus der Einzelmolekülfluoreszenzspektroskopie sind eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Techniken hervorgegangen, mit denen molekulare Prozesse im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht gemessen und Subpopulationen heterogenerer Molekülverteilungen aufgedeckt werden können, die sonst im Ensemble verborgen bleiben. Die Anwendungen von Einzelmolekülexperimenten reichen von den Lebenswissenschaften über die Materialwissenschaften bis in die Photophysik und Photochemie. Einige dieser Forschungsfelder, z.B. die chemische Katalyse, wurden erst vor Kurzem erschlossen. Dieser Aufsatz will die wichtigsten Prinzipien der Einzelmolekülfluoreszenzspektroskopie zusammenfassen und einen Überblick über wichtige Anwendungen geben, die bis zur Entwicklung neuer mikroskopischer Verfahren mit Nanometer‐Auflösung reichen.
Zweischneidiger Tintenfischkiefer
Authors: Jacoby Petra
Published: June 2008

Die ungewöhnlichen Materialeigenschaften der Gebisse
von Kalmaren könnten wegweisend für die Herstellung neuartiger Werkstoffe sein.
Spinnenseide durch Mikrofluidik?
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2008

Bereits seit einem Jahrzehnt kann man die Hauptbestandteile der Spinnenseide gentechnisch aus anderen Organismen gewinnen, doch die erhoffte Massenproduktion des Wundermaterials ist ausgeblieben, da man den Weg vom Protein zum Spinnenfaden noch nicht vollständig durchschaut. Neue Hoffnung bringt jetzt der Einsatz von Rheologie und Mikrofluidik.
Tetraazafulvalene: “Organisches” Natrium
Authors: Richardson Robert D. , Wirth Thomas
Published: June 2008

Schon lange ist bekannt, dass auch organische Verbindungen als Reduktionsmittel in Synthesen verwendet werden können. Sie sind allerdings bei weitem nicht so stark wie Natrium, in den Anwendungsmöglichkeiten beschränkt und fristen daher eher ein Schattendasein im Reagenzienschrank der Chemiker. Der schnelle und einfache synthetische Zugang zu dem “Super”‐Elektronendonor (SED) Tetraazafulvalen 14 und seine Fähigkeit, Reduktionen zu ermöglichen, die vormals nur mit Natrium oder anderen Alkalimetallen denkbar waren, wird nun neue Möglichkeiten in der Synthesechemie eröffnen.
Serum fucosylation changes in oral cancer and oral precancerous conditions
Authors: Shah Manisha , Telang Shaila , Raval Gira , Shah Pankaj , Patel Prabhudas S.
Published: June 2008

BACKGROUND.

The objective of the current study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of serum fucose, fucosylated glycoproteins (fucoproteins), fucosyltransferase (FucT), and α‐L‐fucosidase in oral carcinoma.

METHODS.

Blood samples were collected from 130 patients with untreated oral cancer (OC), from 75 patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC), and from 100 healthy controls. Cancer patients were followed after the initiation of anticancer treatments, and 75 follow‐up samples were also collected. Serum levels of fucose and α‐L‐fucosidase were measured spectrophotometrically. Fucoproteins were detected by using lectin‐affinity chromatography. FucT activity was analyzed by using radioassay.

RESULTS.

Serum levels of fucose and fucoprotein were found to be increased significantly in patients with untreated OC compared with controls, patients with OPC, and complete responders (CR) to treatment; whereas the levels were comparable between untreated patients with OC and nonresponders (NR). A similar trend was observed for serum FucT levels, and changes in enzyme activity correlated well with fucose and fucoprotein alterations. The OPC group had significantly increased fucosylation of serum proteins. Furthermore, serum α‐L‐fucosidase activity was markedly higher in patients with untreated OC and in patients with OPC compared with controls. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a cutoff for α‐L‐fucosidase was determined at >450.6 U/mL, which showed good sensitivity and specificity in OC and OPC compared with controls. The enzyme activity was declined in the CR group but remained higher in the NR group compared with pretreatment levels. Furthermore, various clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated positively with serum fucosylation changes.

CONCLUSIONS.

The findings of the current study suggest that serum fucosylation has clinical usefulness in the detection of early changes and for monitoring treatment response in patients with OC. Among the markers studied, serum α‐L‐fucosidase was identified as a useful marker for close monitoring of patients during post–treatment follow‐up. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum and functionally related nuclei
Authors: Suárez Juan , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco Javier , Mackie Ken , Ledent Catherine , Zimmer Andreas , Cravatt Benjamin F. , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez
Published: June 2008

We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main cannabinoid receptors (CB1and CB2), the enzymes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis (DAGLα, DAGLβ, and NAPE‐PLD), and the endocannabinoid‐degradating enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). With regard to the cerebellar cortex, these data confirm several published reports on the distribution of cannabinoid CB1receptors, DAGLα, MAGL, and FAAH, which suggests a role of endocannabinoids as retrograde messengers in the synapses of the Purkinje cells by either parallel fibers of granule cells or climbing fibers from the inferior olive or GABAergic interneuron. Additionally, we describe the presence of CB2receptors in fibers related to Purkinje somata (Pinceau formations) and dendrites (parallel fibers), suggesting a potential role of this receptor in the retrograde cannabinoid signaling. A remarkable finding of the present study is the description of the different elements of the endogenous cannabinoid system in both the main afferent nuclei to the cerebellar cortex (the inferior olive) and the efferent cerebellar pathway (the deep cerebellar nuclei). The presence of the endogenous cannabinoid system at this level establishes the basis for endocannabinoid‐mediated synaptic plasticity as a control mechanism in motor learning, opening new research lines for the study of the contribution of this system in gait disorders affecting the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:400–421, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring Opening of Methylcyclohexane over Platinum‐Loaded Zeolites
Authors: Calemma Vincenzo , Carati Angela , Flego Cristina , Giardino Roberto , Gagliardi Federica , Millini Roberto , Bellussi Giuseppe
Published: June 2008

The activity of different platinum‐loaded zeolites (Mordenite, ZSM‐12, ZSM‐5, ZSM‐23) was investigated in the hydroconversion of methylcyclohexane (MCH), in the context of upgrading highly aromatic distillates for fuel blending. In all cases, conversion of MCH proceeds according to a pathway where the primary products are a mixture of dimethylcyclopentanes and ethylcyclopentane formed by isomerization and ring contraction of MCH. The primary products undergo consecutive ring‐opening reactions with formation of n‐ and isoheptanes. The latter further react to form lower‐molecular‐weight n‐ and isoalkanes. The selectivity and distribution of products deriving from ring‐contraction and ring‐opening reactions are strongly affected by the pore size and topology of the zeolites. ZSM‐5 exhibits a strong reactant shape‐selectivity effect on ring‐opening products. The evaluated zeolites show the following order of activity in the conversion of methylcyclohexane: Mordenite>ZSM‐12>ZSM‐5>ZSM‐23.
Spatial models for flood risk assessment
Authors: Bee Marco , Benedetti Roberto , Espa Giuseppe
Published: June 2008

The problem of computing risk measures associated to flood events is extremely important not only from the point of view of civil protection systems but also because of the necessity for the municipalities of insuring against the damages. In this work we propose, in the framework of an integrated strategy, an operating solution which merges in a conditional approach the information usually available in this setup. First, we use a logistic auto‐logistic model (LAM) for the estimation of the univariate conditional probabilities of flood events. This approach has two fundamental advantages: it allows to incorporate auxiliary information and does not require the target variables to be independent. Then we simulate the joint distribution of floodings by means of the Gibbs sampler. Finally, we propose an algorithm to increaseex postthe spatial autocorrelation of the simulated events. The methodology is shown to be effective by means of an application to the estimation of the flood probability for two partitions of the Italian territory with different spatial resolution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.