bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of deep learning-assisted overscan decision algorithm in low-dose chest CT: Application to lung cancer screening in Korean National CT accreditation program
Authors: Kim Sihwan , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Choi Jin Hwa , Kim Jong Hyo , Chun Minsoo
Published: September 2022

We propose a deep learning-assisted overscan decision algorithm in chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) applicable to the lung cancer screening. The algorithm reflects the radiologists’ subjective evaluation criteria according to the Korea institute for accreditation of medical imaging (KIAMI) guidelines, where it judges whether a scan range is beyond landmarks’ criterion. The algorithm consists of three stages: deep learning-based landmark segmentation, rule-based logical operations, and overscan determination. A total of 210 cases from a single institution (internal data) and 50 cases from 47 institutions (external data) were utilized for performance evaluation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen’s kappa were used as evaluation metrics. Fisher’s exact test was performed to present statistical significance for the overscan detectability, and univariate logistic regression analyses were performed for validation. Furthermore, an excessive effective dose was estimated by employing the amount of overscan and the absorbed dose to effective dose conversion factor. The algorithm presented AUROC values of 0.976 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.925–0.987) and 0.997 (95% CI: 0.800–0.999) for internal and external dataset, respectively. All metrics showed average performance scores greater than 90% in each evaluation dataset. The AI-assisted overscan decision and the radiologist’s manual evaluation showed a statistically significance showing a p-value less than 0.001 in Fisher’s exact test. In the logistic regression analysis, demographics (age and sex), data source, CT vendor, and slice thickness showed no statistical significance on the algorithm (each p-value > 0.05). Furthermore, the estimated excessive effective doses were 0.02 ± 0.01 mSv and 0.03 ± 0.05 mSv for each dataset, not a concern within slight deviations from an acceptable scan range. We hope that our proposed overscan decision algorithm enables the retrospective scan range monitoring in LDCT for lung cancer screening program, and follows an as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle.
Traces on The Sea: Portuguese Interaction With Asia
Authors: Newman Robert Samuel , Silva Delfim
Published: September 2022

Uma coleção de textos solidamente fundamentados pela pena de reputados autores portugueses, debruçando-se sobre múltiplos aspetos da longa relação histórica e cultural entre Portugal e as suas antigas possessões na Ásia, Traces on the Sea fornece relevante matéria científica nas áreas da história, da linguística, da arquitetura e da etnomusicologia centrada em Goa, assim como noutras partes da Ásia onde a presença portuguesa se fez sentir ao longo dos séculos. Este livro constitui uma valiosa referência e contextualização para os estudos académicos sobre Goa e também uma fonte de ideias estimulantes para a investigação futura.
History and Evolution of the Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Prabhu Michael C. , Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Pawlowski Hanna , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Singh Kern
Published: September 2022

The minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is a popular surgical technique for lumbar arthrodesis, widely considered to hold great efficacy while conferring an impressive safety profile through the minimization of soft tissue damage. This elegant approach to lumbar stabilization is the byproduct of several innovations throughout the past century. In 1934, Mixter and Barr’s paper in the New England Journal of Medicine elucidated the role of disc herniation in spinal instability and radiculopathy, prompting surgeons to explore new approaches and instruments to access the disc space. In 1944, Briggs and Milligan published their novel technique, the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), involving continuous removal of vertebral bone chips and replacement of the disc with a round bone peg. The following decades witnessed several PLIF modifications, including the addition of long pedicle screws. In 1982, Harms and Rolinger sought to redefine the posterior corridor by approaching the disc space through the intervertebral foramen, establishing the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). In the 1990s, lumbar spine surgery experienced a paradigm shift, with surgeons placing increased emphasis on tissuesparing minimally invasive techniques. Spurred by this revolution, Foley and Lefkowitz published the novel MIS-TLIF technique in 2002. The MIS-TLIF has demonstrated comparable surgical outcomes to the TLIF, with an improved safety profile. Here, we present a view into the history of the posterior-approach treatment of the discogenic radiculopathy, culminating in the MIS-TLIF. Additionally, we evaluate the hallmark characteristics, technical variability, and reported outcomes of the modern MIS-TLIF and take a brief look at technologies that may define the future MIS-TLIF.
Comparative Analysis With Modified Inclined Technique for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy in Treating Cervical Osseous Foraminal Stenosis: Radiological and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Kim Ji Yeon , Heo Dong Hwa , Lee Dong Chan , Kim Tae Hyun , Park Choon Keun
Published: September 2022

Objective: We compared the midterm clinical and radiological outcomes between 2 types of full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy, including conventional posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF) and modified inclined technique for PECF.Methods: One of the 2 types of PECF surgery was performed for defined cervical foraminal stenosis. The foraminal expansion ratio and facet resection rate and foraminal stenosis grade were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, neck disability index, MacNab criteria, operation time, hospital stay, and complications, including postoperative dysesthesia, were assessed. Clinical and radiological parameters were compared between the 2 surgical groups.Results: There were 49 and 46 patients in the PECF and modified-PECF groups, respectively. The modified-PECF group showed significantly higher expansion of distal foraminal diameter and foraminal height, and a lower facet resection rate compared to PECF group (in all, p < 0.001). The modified-PECF group displayed significantly lower VAS score for neck pain at 1 day and 1 week after surgery and lower arm pain VAS score after 6-month follow-up (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively).Conclusion: Compared with the PECF, the modified inclined technique has radiologic benefits, including enhanced facet joint preservation, restoration of the natural course of nerve roots, and prevention of restenosis by expanding the superior articular process base, especially in grade 2 foraminal stenosis. Furthermore, the modified inclined technique significantly improved the postoperative VAS score for neck pain within the 1-week follow-up and that of arm pain after 6-month follow-up.
Proses Penetapan Hak Ulayat Secara Perorangan di Kabupaten Merauke
Authors: Muzizat Aliff , Putrijanti Aju , Hafidh Prasetyo Mujiono
Published: September 2022

AbstractLand is a very basic human necessity. Humans live and carry out activities on the ground so that every time humans are always in touch with land, it can be said that almost all activities of human life, both directly and indirectly, always require land. The concept of national land law is based on customary law, thus recognizing the existence of customary rights of customary law communities in various regions in Indonesia which had already existed and inhabited lands in Indonesia, even before Indonesia's independence. One of the places where customary law is very effective is the eastern part of Indonesia, Papua, because indigenous Papuans uphold ancestral rules, in local myths if they break traditional rules, they will experience disasters and difficulties in life. The process of releasing adat and the legal release of adat land in Merauke Regency is carried out by the local Indigenous Peoples Institution (LMA). Keyword: customary land; customary rights; customary lawAbstrakTanah merupakan kebutuhan hidup manusia yang sangat mendasar. Manusia hidup serta melakukan aktivitas diatas tanah sehingga setiap saat manusia selalu  berhubungan dengan tanah, dapat dikatakan hampir semua kegiatan hidup manusia  baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung selalu memerlukan tanah. Konsep hukum tanah nasional bersumber pada hukum adat, sehingga mengakui adanya hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang telah lebih dahulu ada dan mendiami tanah-tanah di Indonesia, bahkan sebelum Indonesia merdeka. Salah satu tempat dimana sangat berlakunya hukum adat adalah wilayah Indonesia bagian Timur yaitu Papua karena masyarakat adat Papua menjunjung tinggi aturan leluhur, dalam mitos setempat jika melanggar aturan adat maka akan mendapatkan musibah serta kesusahan dalam hidup. Proses pelepasan adat dan sahnya pelepasan tanah adat di Kabupaten Merauke di lakukan oleh Lembaga Masyarakat Adat (LMA) setempat. Kata kunci: Tanah adat; hak ulayat; hukum adat
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Para Pihak Terhadap Penitipan Uang Di Pengadilan Dalam Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum Tanah Di Pltu Batang
Authors: Putratama Galang Rizki , Setyowati Ro’fah , Prasetyo Mujiono Hafidh
Published: September 2022

Land basically does not experience growth or increase in number, but as time goes on, the available land or land becomes less and less due to the increasing number of people who need the land. Every development certainly requires land, but not everyone is willing to sell the land while the development must continue so that a path is taken that indirectly forces those who have the right to sell their land, one of which is by way of depositing compensation in court. This study uses a Normative Empirical approach. The implementation of the deposit of compensation in the Court must pass the stages of determining the status of the public interest, in order to provide a sense of justice for all parties. This public interest is based on previous decisions from related parties and through several stages in land acquisition that must be met, as well as legal protection that can be taken, namely by filing an objection in accordance with Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Filing Objections and Depositing Compensation. Losses to the District Court in the Procurement of Land for Development in the Public Interest.Keywords : Public Interest; Custody of CompensationAbstrakTanah pada dasarnya tidak mengalami perkembangan atau penambahan jumlah, namun semakin berkembangnya zaman tanah atau lahan yang tersedia semakin sedikit karena bertambahnya jumlah manusia yang membutuhkan tanah tersebut. Setiap pembangunan tentu membutuhkan lahan, namun tidak semua orang berkenan untuk menjual tanah tersebut sedangkan pembangunan harus tetap dijalankan sehingga ditempuhlah jalan yang secara tidak langsung memaksa pihak yang mempunyai hak untuk menjual tanahnya, salah satunya dengan cara penitipan ganti rugi di Pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Normatif Empiris. Pelaksanaan penitipan ganti kerugian di Pengadilan harus melewati tahapan penetapan status kepentingan umum, guna memberikan rasa keadilan bagi semua pihak. Kepentingan umum ini didasarkan pada penetapan sebelumnya dari para pihak terkait dan melalui beberapa tahapan dalam pembebasan tanah yang harus dipenuhi, serta perlindungan hukum yang dapat ditempuh yaitu dengan mengajukan keberatan sesuai dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 Tentang Tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian Ke Pengadilan Negeri Dalam Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum.  Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Umum; Penitipan Ganti Kerugian
Tinjauan Yuridis Pelaksanaan Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) Di Kota Pasuruan
Authors: Wiratmoko Shendy Adityo , Busro Achmad
Published: September 2022

Land or the basis of land rights is an important matter, in fact, it is not uncommon for land disputes or cases over land to occur. In order to take a legal measure to ensure legal certainty, therefore it is obligatory for every land owner to register the land he has controlled, in order to ensure the highest rights that the community has over land. This article was carried out on the basis of the ability of the Land Office, especially the City of Pasuruan, to implement the Complete Systematic Land Registration program quickly, responsively and quickly to the low desires of the community. The problems examined in this article are regarding the Complete Systematic Land Registration program, along with the obstacles and efforts made by the Pasuruan City Land Office. This article uses an empirical juridical approach, analytical descriptive research specifications, and taxonomic qualitative data analysis methods. The process of implementing a complete systematic land registration in Pasuruan City has generally been going well. The obstacles faced include the lack of openness of the applicant and the occurrence of land tenure disputes. Keywords: PTSL; land registration; public service AbstrakPertanahan atau alas hak atas tanah adalah suatu hal yang penting, bahkan tidak jarang terjadinya sengketa atas tanah atau perkara atas tanah. Untuk melakukan suatu upaya hukum agar menjamin kepastian hukum, maka dari itu mewajibkan setiap pemilik tanah untuk mendaftarkan tanah yang telah dikuasainya, guna memastikan hak paling tertinggi yang dimiliki masyarakat atas tanah. Artikel ini dilaksanakan dengan dasar kemampuan Kantor Pertanahan khususnya Kota Pasuruan dalam pelaksanaannya terhadap program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap secara cepat, tanggap dan cepat terhadap keinginan masyarakat yang masih rendah. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam artikel ini adalah mengenai program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap, beserta hambatan dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh kantor Pertanahan Kota Pasuruan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridisi empiris, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis, dan metode analisis data kualitatif secara taksonomis. Proses pelaksanaan pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap di Kota Pasuruan secara umum telah berjalan dengan baik. Hambatan yang dihadapi antara lain kurangnya keterbukaan dari pemohon dan terjadinya sengketa penguasaan atas tanah. Kata kunci: PTSL; pendaftaran tanah; pelayanan publik
Balik Nama Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Dalam Jual Beli Tanah Di Kantor Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Batang
Authors: Endriana Muchamad Satria , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: September 2022

The issue of ownership of land rights became a concern of the government, so that the Basic Agrarian Law was created to regulate the hierarchy of land tenure rights. Ownership of land rights through sale and purchase must be carried out over the name followed by making certificates in the name of the new owner. This article discusses the implementation of reversing the title of title to land title in buying and selling and the obstacles encountered. The method used is normative juridical. The results of this research show that in the process of buying and selling land there are 3 (three) stages, namely preparation before carrying out the process of buying and selling land, making a Sale and Purchase Deed, and reversing the name of the land certificate being traded. The obstacles in the process of changing the name, namely; Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), the process of transferring the name of a certificate whose proof of ownership is still in the form of Letter C Kelurahan, sale and purchase of land rights from inheritance proceeds, unpaid PBB payments, and length of time in processing a certificate at the "Batang Regency National Land Agency Office".Key words: ownership rights; name transfer process; land certificateAbstrakPermasalahan kepemilikan hak atas tanah menjadi perhatian pemerintah, sehingga dibuat Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria untuk mengatur mengenai hierarki hak-hak penguasaan atas tanah. Kepemilikan hak atas tanah melalui jual beli harus dilakukan balik nama dilanjutkan pembuatan sertifikat atas nama pemilik baru. Artikel ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan balik nama sertipikat hak milik atas tanah dalam jual beli dan hambatan yang ditemukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa dalam proses transaksi jual beli tanah terdapat 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu persiapan sebelum melakukan proses jual beli tanah, pembuatan Akta Jual Beli, dan balik nama sertifikat tanah yang diperjual-belikan. Hambatan dalam proses balik nama yaitu; Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP), proses balik nama sertifikat yang bukti kepemilikannya masih berupa Letter C Kelurahan, jual beli hak atas tanah dari hasil warisan, tunggakan pembayaran PBB, dan lamanya waktu dalam mengurus sertipikat di “Kantor  Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Batang”.Kata kunci : kepemilikan hak; proses balik nama; sertipikat tanah
Kedudukan Informed Consent Sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Hubungan Dokter Dan Pasien Dalam Kasus Malpraktek
Authors: Eka Pratama Chandra Akbar , Ngadino Ngadino
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relationship between doctor and patient is known as a therapeutic transaction. Before a therapeutic action is carried out, it is necessary to have informed consent, which involves the doctor's explanation to the pa.tient regarding the patient's disease condition and medical actions that will be taken as the doctor's effort to cure the patient. So it is hoped that both the patient and the patient's family can understand before approving medical action. Informed consent has a critical and absolute role in the relationship between doctor and patient. Informed consent can be used as a basis for providing a sense of security to both doctors or health workers who carry out medical services for health services and patients who receive health services. However, in carrying out his profession, it does not rule out carelessness. It can be leading to what is often known as malpractice. This writing aims to determine the role of informed consent to protect both health workers and patients about the relationship between doctors and patients to carry out the profession to cure patients' illnesses and avoid or overcome cases of malpractice in the therapeutic agreement of doctors and patients.Keywords: informed consent; doctor; patient; malpractice AbstrakHubungan dokter dengan pasien dikenal juga sebagai transaksi terapeutik. Sebelum adanya tindakan terapeutik dilakukan, perlu adanya informed consent yang menyangkut penjelasan yang dilakukan  dokter kepada pasien berkaitan dengan kondisi pen.yakit pasi.en serta tindakan med.is yang akan dilakukan sebagai upaya dokter untuk kesembuhan pasien. Maka dari itu, diharapkan baik pasien maupun keluarga pasien dapat memahami sebelum memberikan persetujuan tindakan medis. Informed consent memiliki peran penting dan bersifat mutlak dalam hubungan dokter pada pasien dapat dijadikan dasar untuk memberikan rasa aman baik kepada dokt.er atau tena.ga kese.hatan yang melakukan tindakan medis pelayanan kesehatan maupun kepada pasien yang menerima pelayanan kesehatan.karena memahami kondisi penyakit yang diderita oleh pasien serta tindakan medis yang akan dilakukan sebagai usaha menyembuhkan penyakitnya. Namun dalam menjalankan profesinya tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi ketidak hati-hatian yang sering dikenal secara umum dengan sebutan malpraktek. Sehingga tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran informed consent guna melindungi baik tenaga kesehatan maupun pasien berkaitan dengan hubungan dokter dan pasien dalam usaha menjalankan profesi guna kesembuhan penyakit pasien dan dapat tehindar maupun mengatasi kasus malpraktek pada perjanjian terapeutik dokter dan pasien.Kata kunci: info.rmed cons.ent; do.kter; pas.ien; malpraktek
Prosedur Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: Gunawan Muhamad Rivansyah , Badriyah Siti Malikhatun
Published: September 2022

Execution of the fiduciary’s object is carried out when the debtor is unable to fulfill his performance. To protect the interests of the aggrieved creditors, the object of collateral in the agreement must be executed to fulfill the creditor's interests. The purpose of this studyois to determine the procedure of the execution of thefiduciary’s object based on Law Number 42 of 1999 and knowing the obstacles in the execution of the fiduciary’s object in the motor vehicle loan agreement. The result is the execution of thefiduciary’s object according to Law Number 42 of 1999 is carried out by giving 3 times warning letters to debtors who are in default, then selling the object and sharing the proceeds of the sale with creditors and other related parties. The obstacles were objects of fiduciary that were transferred illegally, the loss of objects or debtors, the limitation of creditor’s human resources in the selection of prospective debtors, the absence of post-credit supervision, and the lack of information about fiduciary. The conclusion of this research is that the execution of fiduciary is in accordance with Law Number 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary, but there are still obstacles on its implementation.Keywords: Executions; Fiduciary Guarantee’s Object; Loan Agreement AbstrakEksekusi objek jaminan fidusia dilakukan ketika debitor tidak dapat memenuhi prestasinya, untuk melindungi kepentingan kreditor yang dirugikan harus dilakukan eksekusi atas objek jaminan dalam perjanjian untuk memenuhi kepentingan kreditor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia dan mengetahui hambatan dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusiadalam perjanjian kredit kendaraan bermotor. Hasil dari pembahasan jurnal ini adalah pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 di1akukan dengan pemberian surat peringatan sebanyak 3(tiga) kali kepada debitor yang mengalami wanprestasi, kemudian menjual objek tersebut dan membagi hasil penjualan dengan kreditor dan pihak-pihak lain terkait. Hambatan yang dialami adalah objek jaminan fidusia yang dialihkan secara tidak resmi, hilanganya objek atau debitor, keterbatasan SDM dari kreditor dalam pemilihan calon debitor, tidak adanya pengawasan pasca kredit, dan kurangnya penyampaian informasi tentang jaminan fidusia kepada masyarakat. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia namun masih terdapat kendala dalam praktiknya.Kata Kunci: Eksekusi; Jaminan Fidusia; Kredit
Studi Komparasi Kebijakan Pengaturan Desain Industri Di Indonesia Dan Korea Selatan Dalam Prespektif Pembaharuan Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual
Authors: Khakim Haydar , Handoko Widhi
Published: September 2022

One embodiment of ideas that have economic values and rights that need protection is Industrial Design. Industrial designs are not only regulated by developing countries like Indonesia, but also developed countries such as South Korea. It is hoped that the regulation of industrial designs in South Korea can be used as a reference for Indonesia in reforming the law on intellectual property rights in the field of industrial design in the future. This article uses the normative yuidic method, namely research on positive legal principles in legislation by using a statutory approach, concepts, and comparisons using secondary data sources. The research results of this article include: First, the policy of protecting the law on industrial design in Indonesia is currently still regulated in the UUDI (still valid for 20 years). Second, the intellectual property rights law policy in protecting industrial designs from the perspective of legal reform in the future is expected to make regulations in South Korea a comparison.  Key words: industrial design regulations; indonesia; south korea; legal reform.AbstrakSalah satu perwujudan ide yang memiliki nilai dan hak ekonomi yang membutuhkan perlindungan adalah Desain Industri. Desain Industri tidak hanya diatur oleh Negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, tetapi juga Negara Maju seperti Korea Selatan. Pengaturan Desain Industri di Negara Korea Selatan diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan Indonesia dalam melakukan pembaharuan hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual bidang Desain Insustri di periode yang akan datang. Artikel ini menggunakan metode yuidis normatif yaitu penelitian terhadap asas hukum positif dalam perundang-undangan sengan mengunakan pendekatan undang-undang, konsep, dan perbandingan menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Hasil penelitian dari artikel ini meliputi: Pertama, kebijakan perlindungan hukum Desain Industri di Indonesia saat ini masih diatur dalam UUDI (masih berlaku sejak 20 tahun lamanya). Kedua, kebijakan hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam perlindungan Desain Industri dalam perspektif pembaharuan hukum di masa yang akan datang diharapkan menjadikan aturan di Korea Selatan sebagai bahan pembanding.Kata kunci: pengaturan desain industri; indonesia; korea selatan; pembaharuan hukum.
A state-of-the-art review of distribution-of-practice effects on L2 learning
Authors: Serrano Raquel
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to provide a general overview of recent research on time distribution and second language (L2) learning with special implications for classroom settings. Several studies have been performed to examine how to best distribute the hours of L2 practice to maximize learning by comparing conditions that promote intensive exposure versus others in which L2 input or instruction is more widely spaced. Findings from these studies are relevant not only for practical purposes but also for theory development. This review provides a summary of recent studies as well as suggestions for pedagogical practice. Additionally, it identifies areas for future research concerning the effect of time distribution on L2 learning.
Second language psychological speaking and listening needs: Scale development, symbiosis, and demographic differences
Authors: Xu Jian , Qiu Xuyan
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into oracy (i.e., integration of speaking and listening) in L2 communication. Subsequently, the impact of demographic variables was explored. The data, collected via a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire, were analyzed through descriptive and correlation analysis, factor analysis, and ANOVA. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the factor structures, followed by confirmatory factor analysis for validation. Results demonstrated that the validity and reliability of the two developed scales were satisfactory. L2 speaking autonomy was significantly related to L2 listening autonomy, as were competence and relatedness. The three psychological needs of both L2 speaking and listening revealed varying patterns in terms of gender, major, university geographical context, schooling stage (first year to fourth year), and study-abroad experiences. The research findings reinforce the need for integration of L2 speaking and L2 listening when satisfying university students’ psychological needs, contribute to the research field with the measurement scales of psychological needs in L2 speaking and listening settings, and yield implications for teaching the two language skills integratedly.
Review of Researching language learning motivation: A concise guide by Ali H. Al-Hoorie and Fruzsina Szabó
Authors: Li Zixuan
Published: September 2022

In the context of buoyant research on second language acquisition (SLA), language learning motivation has remained one of the most active fields of inquiry for more than 60 years (Al-Hoorie & MacIntyre, 2019; Ushioda, 2019). Several books have approached this topic from a range of perspectives (e.g., Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021; Lamb et al., 2019; MacIntyre & Al-Hoorie, 2020). However, the seemingly unceasing theoretical and methodological innovation in motivation research can be confusing, and it has become increasingly overwhelming to keep abreast of all the latest advancements in this burgeoning field. In response to this “promising” yet “perplexing” situation, Ali H. Al-Hoorie and Fruzsina Szabó have edited the volume Researching language learning motivation: A concise guide, presenting a timely guidebook for both students and novice researchers to navigate their way through the journey of language learning motivation.
Succinct graph representations as distance oracles
Authors: Merchant Arpit , Gionis Aristides , Mathioudakis Michael
Published: September 2022

Distance oracles answer shortest-path queries between any pair of nodes in a graph. They are often built using succinct graph representations such as spanners, sketches, and compressors to minimize oracle size and query answering latency. Node embeddings, in particular, offer graph representations that place adjacent nodes nearby each other in a low-rank space. However, their use in the design of distance oracles has not been sufficiently studied.

In this paper, we empirically compare exact distance oracles constructed based on a variety of node embeddings and other succinct representations. We evaluate twelve such oracles along three measures of efficiency: construction time, memory requirements, and query-processing time over fourteen real datasets and four synthetic graphs. We show that distances between embedding vectors are excellent estimators of graph distances when graphs are well-structured, but less so for more unstructured graphs. Overall, our findings suggest that exact oracles based on embeddings can be constructed faster than multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) but slower than compressed adjacency indexes, require less memory than landmark oracles but more than sparsifiers or indexes, can answer queries faster than indexes but slower than MDS, and are exact more often with a smaller additive error than spanners (that have multiplicative error) while not being lossless like adjacency lists. Finally, while the exactness of such oracles is infeasible to maintain for huge graphs even under large amounts of resources, we empirically demonstrate that approximate oracles based on GOSH embeddings can efficiently scale to graphs of 100M+ nodes with only small additive errors in distance estimations.
G-tran
Authors: Chen Hongzhi , Li Changji , Zheng Chenguang , Huang Chenghuan , Fang Juncheng , Cheng James , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2022

Graph transaction processing poses unique challenges such as random data access due to the irregularity of graph structures, low throughput and high abort rate due to the relatively large read/write sets in graph transactions. To address these challenges, we present G-Tran, a remote direct memory access (RDMA)-enabled distributed in-memory graph database with serializable and snapshot isolation support. First, we propose a graph-native data store to achieve good data locality and fast data access for transactional updates and queries. Second, G-Tran adopts a fully decentralized architecture that leverages RDMA to process distributed transactions with the massively parallel processing (MPP) model, which can achieve high performance by utilizing all computing resources. In addition, we propose a new multi-version optimistic concurrency control (MV-OCC) protocol with two optimizations to address the issue of large read/write sets in graph transactions. Extensive experiments show that G-Tran achieves competitive performance compared with other popular graph databases on benchmark workloads.
Volume under the surface
Authors: Paparrizos John , Boniol Paul , Palpanas Themis , Tsay Ruey S. , Elmore Aaron , Franklin Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Anomaly detection (AD) is a fundamental task for time-series analytics with important implications for the downstream performance of many applications. In contrast to other domains where AD mainly focuses on point-based anomalies (i.e., outliers in standalone observations), AD for time series is also concerned with range-based anomalies (i.e., outliers spanning multiple observations). Nevertheless, it is common to use traditional point-based information retrieval measures, such as Precision, Recall, and F-score, to assess the quality of methods by thresholding the anomaly score to mark each point as an anomaly or not. However, mapping discrete labels into continuous data introduces unavoidable shortcomings, complicating the evaluation of range-based anomalies. Notably, the choice of evaluation measure may significantly bias the experimental outcome. Despite over six decades of attention, there has never been a large-scale systematic quantitative and qualitative analysis of time-series AD evaluation measures. This paper extensively evaluates quality measures for time-series AD to assess their robustness under noise, misalignments, and different anomaly cardinality ratios. Our results indicate that measures producing quality values independently of a threshold (i.e., AUC-ROC and AUC-PR) are more suitable for time-series AD. Motivated by this observation, we first extend the AUC-based measures to account for range-based anomalies. Then, we introduce a new family of parameter-free and threshold-independent measures, VUS (Volume Under the Surface), to evaluate methods while varying parameters. Our findings demonstrate that our four measures are significantly more robust in assessing the quality of time-series AD methods.
Plush
Authors: Vogel Lukas , van Renen Alexander , Imamura Satoshi , Giceva Jana , Neumann Thomas , Kemper Alfons
Published: September 2022

Persistent memory (PMem) promised DRAM-like performance, byte addressability, and the persistency guarantees of conventional block storage. With the release of Intel Optane DCPMM, those expectations were dampened. While its write latency competes with DRAM, its read latency, write endurance, and especially bandwidth fall behind by up to an order of magnitude.

Established PMem index structures mostly focus on lookups and cannot leverage PMem's low write latency. For inserts, DRAM-optimized index structures are still an order of magnitude faster than their PMem counterparts despite the similar write latency. We identify the combination of PMem's low write bandwidth and the existing solutions' high media write amplification as the culprit.

We present Plush, a write-optimized, hybrid hash table for PMem with support for variable-length keys and values. It minimizes media write and read amplification while exploiting PMem's unique advantages, namely its low write latency and full bandwidth even for small reads and writes. On a 24-core server with 768 GB of Intel Optane DPCMM, Plush outperforms state-of-the-art PMem-optimized hash tables by up to 2.44X for inserts while only using a tiny amount of DRAM. It achieves this speedup by reducing write amplification by 80%. For lookups, its throughput is similar to that of established PMem-optimized tree-like index structures.
Lotus
Authors: Zhou Xinjing , Yu Xiangyao , Graefe Goetz , Stonebraker Michael
Published: September 2022

This paper revisits the H-Store/VoltDB concurrency control scheme for partitioned main-memory databases, which we term run-to-completion-single-thread (RCST), with an eye toward improving its poor performance on multi-partition (MP) workloads. The original scheme focused on maximizing single partition (SP) performance, producing results in millions of transactions per second on modest clusters, but at the expense of dismal MP performance. In this paper, we show that original RCST algorithms be made to dramatically improve MP performance with very limited impact on SP performance. That makes RCST superior to popular optimistic and pessimistic schemes without optimizations for batch execution, including OCC and 2PL, on a wide range of multi-node workloads with up to 60% throughput improvement.

Our second contribution is to propose a multiplexed-execution-single-thread (MEST) algorithm based on RCST to amortize the network stalls from MP transactions over a
batch
of MP transactions. This scheme delivers up to 21X higher throughput for SP transactions and comparable MP throughput compared to state-of-the-art distributed deterministic concurrency control algorithms that are optimized for batch execution. Finally, our MEST scheme offers dramatically superior performance when
straggler
transactions are present in the workload. Our conclusion is that the H-Store/VoltDB concurrency control scheme can be dramatically improved and dominates state-of-the-art algorithms over a variety of MP workloads.
A scalable and generic approach to range joins
Authors: Reif Maximilian , Neumann Thomas
Published: September 2022

Analytical database systems provide great insights into large datasets and are an excellent tool for data exploration and analysis. A central pillar of query processing is the efficient evaluation of equi-joins, typically with linear-time algorithms (e.g. hash joins). However, for many use-cases with location and temporal data, non-equi joins, like range joins, occur in queries. Without optimizations, this typically results in nested loop evaluation with quadratic complexity.

This leads to unacceptable query execution times. Different mitigations have been proposed in the past, like partitioning or sorting the data. While these allow for handling certain classes of queries, they tend to be restricted in the kind of queries they can support. And, perhaps even more importantly, they do not play nice with additional equality predicates that typically occur within a query and that have to be considered, too.

In this work, we present a kd-tree-based, multi-dimension range join that supports a very wide range of queries, and that can exploit additional equality constraints. This approach allows us to handle large classes of queries very efficiently, with negligible memory overhead, and it is suitable as a general-purpose solution for range queries in database systems. The join algorithm is fully parallel, both during the build and the probe phase, and scales to large problem instances and high core counts.

We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by integrating it into our database system Umbra and performing extensive experiments with both large real world data sets and with synthetic benchmarks used for sensitivity analysis. In our experiments, it outperforms hand-tuned Spark code and all other database systems that we have tested.
Migrating social event recommendation over microblogs
Authors: Zhou Xiangmin , Chen Lei
Published: September 2022

Real applications like crisis management require the real time awareness of critical situations. However, the services using traditional methods like phone calls can be easily delayed due to busy lines, transfer delays or limited communication ability in disaster areas. Existing social event analysis solutions enhanced the situation awareness of systems. Unfortunately, they cannot recognize the complex migrating social events that are first observed in social media at a specific time, place and state, but have further moved in space and time, which may affect the system comprehension. While the discussion on events appears in microblogs, their movement over different contexts is unavoidable. So far, the problem of migrating social event analysis from big media is not well investigated yet. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework to monitor and deliver the migrating events in big social media data, which fully exploits the social media information over multiple attributes and their inherent interactions among events. Specifically, we first propose a Concept TF/IDF model to capture the content that is constrained by the time and location of media without costly learning process. Then, we construct a novel Maximal User Influence Graph (MUIG) to extract the social interactions. With MUIG, the event migrations over space and time are well identified. Finally, we design efficient query strategies over Apache Spark for recommending events in real time. Extensive tests over big media are conducted to prove the high effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
ByteGraph
Authors: Li Changji , Chen Hongzhi , Zhang Shuai , Hu Yingqian , Chen Chao , Zhang Zhenjie , Li Meng , Li Xiangchen , Han Dongqing , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Xudong , Zhu Huiming , Fu Xuwei , Wu Tingwei , Tan Hongfei , Ding Hengtian , Liu Mengjin , Wang Kangcheng , Ye Ting , Li Lei , Li Xin , Wang Yu , Zheng Chenguang , Yang Hao , Cheng James
Published: September 2022

Most products at ByteDance, e.g., TikTok, Douyin, and Toutiao, naturally generate massive amounts of graph data. To efficiently store, query and update massive graph data is challenging for the broad range of products at ByteDance with various performance requirements. We categorize graph workloads at ByteDance into three types: online analytical, transaction, and serving processing, where each workload has its own characteristics. Existing graph databases have different performance bottlenecks in handling these workloads and none can efficiently handle the scale of graphs at ByteDance. We developed ByteGraph to process these graph workloads with high throughput, low latency and high scalability. There are several key designs in ByteGraph that make it efficient for processing our workloads, including edge-trees to store adjacency lists for high parallelism and low memory usage, adaptive optimizations on thread pools and indexes, and geographic replications to achieve fault tolerance and availability. ByteGraph has been in production use for several years and its performance has shown to be robust for processing a wide range of graph workloads at ByteDance.
Trie memtables in cassandra
Authors: Lambov Branimir
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses a new memtable implementation for Apache Cassandra which is based on tries (also called prefix trees) and byte-comparable representations of database keys. The implementation is already in production use in DataStax Enterprise 6.8 and is currently in the process of being integrated into mainstream Apache Cassandra as CEP-19. It improves on the legacy solution in the performance of modification and lookup as well as the size of the structure for a given amount of data. Crucially for Cassandra (a database running under the Java Virtual Machine), it also reduces garbage collection and general memory management complexity by operating on blocks of fixed size in large preallocated buffers. We detail the architecture of the solution and demonstrate some of the performance improvements that we have been able to achieve with it.
CloudJump
Authors: Chen Zongzhi , Yang Xinjun , Li Feifei , Cheng Xuntao , Hu Qingda , Miao Zheyu , Xie Rongbiao , Wu Xiaofei , Wang Kang , Song Zhao , Sun Haiqing , Zhuang Zechao , Yang Yuming , Xu Jie , Yin Liang , Zhou Wenchao , Wang Sheng
Published: September 2022

There has been an increasing interest in building cloud-native databases that decouple computation and storage for elasticity. A cloud-native database often adopts a
cloud storage
underneath its storage engine, leveraging another layer of virtualization and providing a high-performance and elastic storage service without exposing complex storage details. It helps reduce the maintenance cost and expedite development cycles for the database kernels. We have observed that there are significant differences between the local and the cloud storage that invalid many designs inside existing databases when they are ported to the cloud storage. In this paper, we analyze the challenges and opportunities of both B-tree and LSM-tree-based storage engines when they are deployed on a cloud storage. We propose an optimization framework that guides database developers to transform on-premise databases into their cloud-native counterparts. We use a B+-tree-based InnoDB as a demonstration vehicle where we have implemented a suite of optimizations using the proposed framework and extend such efforts to the LSM-tree-based RocksDB. On both engines, our evaluations show significant performance improvements on the cloud storage.
DyHealth
Authors: Zheng Kaiping , Cai Shaofeng , Chua Horng Ruey , Herschel Melanie , Zhang Meihui , Ooi Beng Chin
Published: September 2022

In National University Hospital (NUH) in Singapore, we conduct healthcare analytics that analyzes heterogeneous electronic medical records (EMR) to support effective clinical decision-making on a daily basis. Existing work mainly focuses on
multimodality
for extracting complementary information from different modalities, and/or
interpretability
for providing interpretable prediction results. However, real-world healthcare analytics has presented another major challenge, i.e., the available modalities evolve or change intermittently. Addressing this challenge requires deployed models to be adaptive to such dynamic modality changes.

To meet the aforementioned requirement, we develop a
modular, multimodal
and
interpretable
framework DyHealth to enable dynamic healthcare analytics in clinical practice. Specifically, different modalities are processed within their respective data modules that adhere to the interface defined by DyHealth. The extracted information from different modalities is integrated subsequently in our proposed Multimodal Fusion Module in DyHealth. In order to better handle modality changes at runtime, we further propose exponential increasing/decreasing mechanisms to support modality "hot-plug". We also devise a novel modality-based attention mechanism for providing fine-grained interpretation results on a per-input basis. We conduct a pilot evaluation of DyHealth on the patients' EMR data from NUH, in which DyHealth achieves superior performance and therefore, is promising to roll out for hospital-wide deployment. We also validate DyHealth in two public EMR datasets. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness, flexibility, and extensibility of DyHealth in supporting multimodal and interpretable healthcare analytics.
EasyDR
Authors: Xi Yihai , Wang Ning , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Yiyi , Wang Zilong , Xu Zhihong , Wang Yue
Published: September 2022

Many tables on the web suffer from multi-level and multi-type quality problems, but existing cleaning systems cannot provide a comprehensive quality improvement for them. Most of these systems are designed for solving a specific type of error, so that we need to resort to a number of different cleaning tools (one per error type) to get a high quality table. In this demonstration, we propose a human-in-the-loop cleaning platform EasyDR for detecting and repairing multi-level&multi-type errors in tables. The attendees will experience the following features of EasyDR: 1) Holistic error detection&repair. Users are able to perform a holistic table cleaning in EasyDR where machine algorithms are responsible for error detection while human intelligence is leveraged for error repairing. 2) Human-in-the-loop table cleaning. EasyDR performs an all-round quality diagnosis for the table, and automatically generates crowdsourcing cleaning tasks for the detected errors. To simplify cleaning tasks for crowdsourcing workers, EasyDR provides two task optimization techniques including domain-aware table summarization and difficulty-aware task order optimization. 3) Customizable cleaning mode. EasyDR provides a declarative language for users to customize cleaning tasks flexibly, e.g., selecting target errors, restricting the cleaning scope, defining the cooperation mode for machine and crowd.