bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Arylation of 8‐Methylquinolines with Arylsilanes
Authors: Li Lin , Liu Haidong , Qian Yupeng , Shen Guohong , Shi Yun , Du Jiajie , Luo Haiqing
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

We herein describe a Cp*RhIII‐catalyzed C(sp3)–H mono‐arylation of 8‐methylquinolines with benign arylsilanes. The use of 1‐adamantane carboxylic acid can benefit the efficiency in this transformation, and AgF was both activator and reoxidant. Control experiments indicated inability of C—H cleavage in determining the rate of the reaction.
Single Crystal to Single Crystal Transformation of Porous Materials Based on Zinc Nodes and Mercaptobenzoic Acid
Authors: Kristinsson Baldur , Janiw Mieszko , Damodaran Krishna K.
Published: July 2024

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are an excellent class of porous crystalline materials with tunable properties and intriguing potential applications spanning multiple disciplines. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of a PCP (HI‐103) based on 4,4′‐dithiodibenzoic acid ligand and zinc nitrate with two DMF molecules residing in the porous network. The stability of the porous network was analyzed by heating the compound at 60.0 °C for two days, and the structural analysis revealed a new PCP (HI‐104) was formed with one of the DMF molecules, indicating a single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation. The solvent molecules were completely removed by extensive drying (HI‐103‐dry), and the integrity of the porous network was verified by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis. The reversibility of SCSC transformation was confirmed by treating HI‐103‐dry with DMF molecules, resulting in HI‐103 after five days. The adsorption studies of HI‐103‐dry with other solvents revealed that SCSC transformation was not observed for DMA and DEA, but some structural changes were observed in the presence of DMSO. The adsorption studies performed in the presence of an equimolar mixture of DMF, DMA, and DMA indicated that HI‐103‐dry could selectively adsorb DMF molecules from the analogous mixture.
Fiber production repeatability and selection of promising fique (Furcraea spp.) genotypes
Authors: Espitia‐Negrete Laura , Orozco‐Orozco Luz Fanny , Torres José Miguel Cotes , Medina‐Cano Clara Inés , Grisales‐Vasquez Nancy Yohana
Published: July 2024

Globally, natural fibers are important at reducing the using nonrecyclable synthetic fibers; therefore, cultivating fique can help supply the demand for nonplastic packaging in the Colombian and international markets. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria has a working collection of fique located at La Selva‐Rionegro Research Center (Antioquia‐Colombia). This work evaluated the repeatability coefficient of 68 Furcraea accessions harvested from 2019 to 2022. Repeatability coefficients of 0.293 and 0.149 were found for total dry fiber yield and dry fiber percentage, respectively. The yield‐stability selection index was calculated for the evaluated traits, by which 10 promising accessions were selected, representing 14% of the evaluated population. In addition, correlation coefficients were calculated between productive variables and some meteorological variables (accumulated rainfall, average maximum, and minimum temperatures, and accumulated solar radiation. The accumulated rainfall at 101 days showed the highest correlation with values of 0.429 and 0.488 for the total dry fiber production and the percentage of dry fiber, respectively. The average minimum temperature presented positive correlations with the productive performance of fique.
Detection of the selective androgen receptor modulator S‐23 and its metabolites in equine urine and plasma following oral administration
Authors: Cutler Charlotte , Viljanto Marjaana , Hincks Pamela , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Scarth James , van Eenoo Peter
Published: July 2024

S‐23 is an arylpropionamide selective androgen receptor modulator that has been investigated in animal models for use as a male hormonal contraceptive but is not yet available therapeutically. S‐23 is available alongside other selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) to purchase online via uncontrolled sites, sold as supplement products. It has been detected in several human doping cases, highlighting the importance of identifying the best analytical targets for equine doping control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detection of S‐23 and its phase I metabolites in equine urine and plasma following a multiple dose oral administration to two Thoroughbred racehorses. Liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry was used for metabolite identification, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used for full sample analysis and generation of urine and plasma profiles. S‐23 and seven phase I metabolites were observed in urine following enzyme hydrolysis and solvolysis. The most abundant analyte detected was the hydroxylated 4‐amino‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile metabolite, which also allowed the longest duration of detection in urine from both horses, for up to 360 h following administration. The data suggest that this metabolite was likely to be highly conjugated with both sulphate and glucuronide moieties. In plasma, S‐23 and two phase I metabolites were observed. S‐23 was the most abundant analyte detected for both horses, allowing detection for up to 143 h post‐administration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of S‐23 and metabolites in equine urine and plasma samples.
Sustained predation pressure may prevent the loss of anti‐predator traits from havened populations
Authors: Harrison Natasha D. , Phillips Ben L. , Wayne Adrian F. , Mitchell Nicola J.
Published: July 2024

Conservation havens free of invasive predators are increasingly relied upon for fauna conservation, although havened populations can lose anti‐predator traits, likely making them less suitable for life ‘beyond the fence’. Sustaining low levels of mammalian predator pressure inside havens may prevent the loss of anti‐predator traits from havened populations. We opportunistically compared behavioural and morphological anti‐predator traits between four woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) populations– one haven isolated from all mammalian predators, one haven containing a native mammalian predator (chuditch; Dasyurus geoffroii), and their respective non‐havened counterparts (each containing both chuditch and invasive predators). Havened woylies existing without mammalian predators were smaller (shorter hindfeet, smaller body weight) and less reactive (consumed more food from fox‐treated and control feeding stations, less agitated during human handling) than a non‐havened reference population. However, in the haven containing chuditch, we found no difference in behaviour or morphology compared to the adjacent non‐havened population. Across populations, anti‐predator responses tended to appear stronger at sites with higher predator activity, suggestive of an adaptive response across a gradient of predation pressure. Our findings suggest that maintaining mammalian predation pressure in conservation havens could be effective for preventing or slowing the loss of anti‐predator traits from these populations.
Mechanical dyssynchrony as a selection criterion for cardiac resynchronization therapy: Design of the AMEND‐CRT trial
Authors: Puvrez Alexis , Duchenne Jürgen , Donal Erwan , Gorcsan John , Patel Hitesh C. , Marwick Thomas H. , Smiseth Otto A. , Søgaard Peter , Stankovic Ivan , Diogo Pedro G. , Vörös Gábor , Voigt Jens‐Uwe
Published: July 2024

Aims

One third of patients do not improve after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Septal flash (SF) and apical rocking (ApRock) are deformation patterns observed on echocardiography in most patients eligible for CRT. These markers of mechanical dyssynchrony have been associated to improved outcome after CRT in observational studies and may be useful to better select patients. The aim of this trial is to investigate whether the current guideline criteria for selecting patients for CRT should be modified and include SF and ApRock to improve therapy success rate, reduce excessive costs and prevent exposure to device‐related complications in patients who would not benefit from CRT.

Methods

The AMEND‐CRT trial is a multicentre, randomized, parallel‐group, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial with a non‐inferiority design. The trial will include 578 patients scheduled for CRT according to the 2021 ESC guidelines who satisfy all inclusion criteria. The randomization is performed 1:1 to an active control arm (‘guideline arm’) or an experimental arm (‘echo arm’). All participants receive a device, but in the echo arm, CRT is activated only when SF or ApRock or both are present. The outcome of both arms will be compared after 1 year. The primary outcome measures are the average change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume and patient outcome assessed using a modified Packer Clinical Composite Score.

Conclusions

The findings of this trial will redefine the role of echocardiography in CRT and potentially determine which patients with heart failure and a prolonged QRS duration should receive CRT, especially in patients who currently have a class IIa or class IIb recommendation.
Prognostic impact of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction with and without improved ejection fraction
Authors: Luo Jiachen , Qin Xiaoming , Zhang Xingxu , Zhang Yiwei , Fang Yuan , Shi Wentao , Liu Baoxin , Wei Yidong ,   the NOAFCAMI‐SH Registry Investigators
Published: July 2024

Aims

Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (impEF) often presents in contemporary acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. New‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during AMI is an important predictor of subsequential heart failure (HF), while its impact on the trajectory of post‐MI left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and prognostic implication in patients with and without impEF remains undetermined. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impacts of NOAF in AMI patients with and without impEF.

Methods and results

Consecutive AMI patients without a prior history of AF between February 2014 and March 2018 with baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and had ≥1 LVEF measurement after baseline were included. ImpEF was defined as a baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and a re‐evaluation showed both LVEF > 40% and an absolute increase of LVEF ≥ 10%. Persistently reduced EF (prEF) was defined as the second measurement of LVEF either ≤40% or an absolute increase of LVEF < 10%. The primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) that was composed of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Cox regression analysis and competing risk analysis were performed to assess the association of post‐MI NOAF with MACE. Among 293 patients (mean age: 66.6 ± 11.3 years, 79.2% of males), 145 (49.5%) had impEF and 67 (22.9%) developed NOAF. Higher heart rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.97; P = 0.015), prior MI (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.69; P = 0.008), and STEMI (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.77; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of post‐MI impEF. Within up to 5 years of follow‐up, there were 22 (15.2%) and 53 (35.8%) MACE in patients with impEF and prEF, respectively. NOAF was an independent predictor of MACE in patients with impEF (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.34, 95% CI: 2.49–21.59; P < 0.001) but not in those with prEF (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.39–1.55; P = 0.483) after multivariable adjustment. Similar results were obtained when accounting for the competing risk of all‐cause death (subdistribution HR and 95% CIs in impEF and prEF were 6.47 [2.32–18.09] and 0.79 [0.39–1.61], respectively).

Conclusions

The NOAF was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes in AMI patients with impEF.
Navigating Dravet syndrome in Spain: A cross‐sectional study of diagnosis, management, and care coordination
Authors: Solaz Sandra , Cardenal‐Muñoz Elena , Muñoz Alicia , Giorgi Simona , Pallardó Federico V. , Romá‐Mateo Carlos , Aibar José Ángel
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare form of refractory epilepsy that begins in the first year of life. Approximately 85% of patients have a mutation in the SCN1A gene, which encodes a voltage‐gated sodium channel. The main objective of the present work was to assess the degree of knowledge of DS among Spanish primary care (PC) professionals, the communication flow between them and the pediatric neurologists (PNs), and the services available and resources offered to patients in Spain when searching for a diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Methods

Two anonymized online surveys on DS diagnosis and patient management in PC were conducted with Spanish PC pediatricians (PCPs) and caregivers of DS patients in Spain.

Results

Most PCPs are aware of genetic epilepsy but lack full knowledge of DS and patient advocacy groups (PAGs). Access to epilepsy treatments varies among regions, with many referrals to hospitals and pediatric neurologists. Diagnosis is often delayed, with misdiagnoses and frequent emergency room (ER) visits. Treatment involves multiple drugs, and sodium channel blockers are used, which are contraindicated in DS treatment. Improved training, resources, and communication are needed for early diagnosis.

Significance

To improve the care and treatment of DS patients in Spain, early diagnosis is required and, possibly, specific efforts aimed at identifying patients in adulthood, generating socio‐sanitary structures that integrate social and health services to provide comprehensive care, taking into account the different features and comorbidities of the disease.

Plain Language Summary

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a form of genetic epilepsy that starts within the first year of life. We present a study showing that, while family doctors are aware of genetic epilepsies, many don't have a complete understanding of DS. Unfortunately, getting the right diagnosis can take a long time, leading to unnecessary visits to the emergency room. Patients often need several medications, and sometimes they're given drugs that aren't recommended for DS. The takeaway is that training for doctors, more resources, and improved communication could help creating better healthcare systems and therefore give easier access to the right therapies.
Airway decision making in major head and neck surgery: Irish multicenter, multidisciplinary recommendations
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Read Christopher , Prunty Sarah , Duggan Edel , O'Rourke James , Moore Michael , Vasquez Pedro , Young Orla , Subramaniam Thavakumar , Skinner Liam , Moran Tom , O'Duffy Fergal , Hennessy Anthony , Dias Andrew , Sheahan Patrick , Fitzgerald Conall W. R. , Kinsella John , Lennon Paul , Timon Conrad V. I. , Woods Robbie S. R. , Shine Neville , Curley Gerard F. , O'Neill James P.
Published: July 2024

Major head and neck surgery poses a threat to perioperative airway patency. Adverse airway events are associated with significant morbidity, potentially leading to hypoxic brain injury and even death. Following a review of the literature, recommendations regarding airway management in head and neck surgery were developed with multicenter, multidisciplinary agreement among all Irish head and neck units. Immediate extubation is appropriate in many cases where there is a low risk of adverse airway events. Where a prolonged definitive airway is required, elective tracheostomy provides increased airway security postoperatively while delayed extubation may be appropriate in select cases to reduce postoperative morbidity. Local institutional protocols should be developed to care for a tracheostomy once inserted. We provide guidance on decision making surrounding airway management at time of head and neck surgery. All decisions should be agreed between the operating, anesthetic, and critical care teams.
First detection of multiple cases related to CV‐A16 strain of B1c clade in Beijing in 2022
Authors: Liang Zhichao , Lin Changying , Huo Da , Yang Yang , Feng Zhaomin , Cui Shujuan , Wu Dan , Ren Zhenyong , Li Dan , Jia Lei , Dong Shuaibing , Dou Xiangfeng , Sun Yulan , Gao Zhiyong , Li Renqing
Published: July 2024

Coxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16) is a significant etiologic agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), with the capacity to progress to severe complications, including encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and other critical conditions. Beijing's epidemiological surveillance system, established in 2008, encompasses 29 hospitals and 16 district disease control centers. From 2019 to 2021, the circulation of CV‐A16 was characterized by the co‐circulation of B1a and B1b clades. Multiple cases of HFMD linked to clade B1c has not been reported in Beijing until 2022. This study enrolled 400 HFMD and 493 HA cases. Employing real‐time RT‐PCR, 368 enterovirus‐positive cases were identified, with 180 selected for sequencing. CV‐A16 was detected in 18.89% (34/180) of the cases, second only to CV‐A6, identified in 63.33% (114/180). Full‐length VP1 gene sequences were successfully amplified and sequenced in 22 cases, revealing the presence of clades B1a, B1b, and B1c in 14, 3, and 5 cases, respectively. A cluster of five B1c clade cases occurred between June 29 and July 17, 2022, within a 7‐km diameter region in Shunyi District. Phylogenetic analysis of five complete VP1 gene sequences and two full‐genome sequences revealed close clustering with the 2018 Indian strain (GenBank accession: MH780757.1) within the B1c India branch, with NCBI BLAST results showing over 98% similarity. Comparative sequence analysis identified three unique amino acid variations (P3S, V25A, and I235V). The 2022 Shunyi District HFMD cases represent the first instances of spatiotemporally correlated CV‐A16 B1c clade infections in Beijing, underscoring the necessity for heightened surveillance of B1c clade CV‐A16 in HFMD and HA in this region.
Prospective longitudinal cohort study of quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy control population
Authors: Forsting Johannes , Rehmann Robert , Rohm Marlena , Kocabas Abdulhadi , De Lorenzo Alice , Güttsches Anne‐Katrin , Vorgerd Matthias , Froeling Martijn , Schlaffke Lara
Published: July 2024

Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) is a valuable methodology for assessing muscular injuries and neuromuscular disorders. Notably, muscle diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) gives insights into muscle microstructural and macrostructural characteristics. However, the long‐term reproducibility and robustness of these measurements remain relatively unexplored. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to assess the long‐term robustness and range of variation of qMRI parameters, especially DTI metrics, in the lower extremity muscles of healthy controls under real‐life conditions. Twelve volunteers (seven females, age 44.1 ± 12.1 years, body mass index 23.3 ± 2.0 kg/m2) underwent five leg muscle MRI sessions every 20 ± 4 weeks over a total period of 1.5 years. A multiecho gradient‐echo Dixon‐based sequence, a multiecho spin‐echo T2‐mapping sequence, and a spin‐echo echo planar imaging diffusion‐weighted sequence were acquired bilaterally with a Philips 3‐T Achieva MR System using a 16‐channel torso coil. Fifteen leg muscles were segmented in both lower extremities. qMRI parameters, including fat fraction (FF), water T2 relaxation time, and the diffusion metrics fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), were evaluated. Coefficients of variance (wsCV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the reproducibility of qMRI parameters. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to determine the range of variation. All tests were applied to all muscles and, subsequently, to each muscle separately. wsCV showed good reproducibility (≤ 10%) for all qMRI parameters in all muscles. The ICCs revealed excellent agreement between time points (FF = 0.980, water T2 = 0.941, FA = 0.952, MD = 0.948). Random measurement errors assessed by SEM and the MDC were low (< 12%). In conclusion, in this study, we showed that qMRI parameters in healthy volunteers living normal lives are stable over 18 months, thereby defining a benchmark for the expected range of variation over time.
Dynamic reciprocal contributions between Indigenous communities and cultural keystone species: A study case in Western Ecuador
Authors: Loayza Gabriela , Pozo Shirley , Lascano Max , Bilhaut Anne‐Gaël , Krainer Anita , Teixidor‐Toneu Irene , Montúfar Rommel
Published: July 2024

The reciprocal contributions concept provides a holistic approach to understanding management of natural resources in social‐ecological systems. The purpose of this study was to understand how Indigenous peoples build reciprocal contributions with cultural keystone species (CKS) through their dynamic knowledge systems.

We explore the cultural value and reciprocal contributions between an endemic palm locally known as tagua (Phytelephas aequatorialis Spruce) and the Indigenous Commune of Salanguillo in western Ecuador. We use a multidisciplinary, mixed methods approach (including participant observation, focus group discussions, talking maps and social surveys) to identify reciprocity at three human dimensions (institutional‐social‐political, biophysical and symbolic–linguistic–cultural).

Our study revealed multiple and diverse reciprocal contributions between people and tagua across all dimensions, and the tagua palm was identified as a CKS. Interactions with tagua reflect broader social‐ecological changes in the region.

Reciprocal contributions between tagua and the Commune are built through direct individual experience, but also rely on communal and national institutional agreements. Integration of Indigenous knowledge with the global environmental discourse underpins the place‐based learning strategies for the sustainable use and management of tagua and human well‐being.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Design of interconnected graphene loaded thermoplastic elastomeric blend composite films for minimizing electromagnetic radiation and efficient heat management
Authors: Ghosh Suman Kumar , Paul Sangit , Ghosh Trisita , Das Narayan Ch.
Published: July 2024

In this work, electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomeric blend composite films based on polystyrene (PS)/ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate (EMA) filled with functionalized graphene were developed via the solution mixing technique. Morphological analysis revealed that selective localization of amine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G‐ODA) sheets in the EMA phase of co‐continuous binary blend formed a well‐connected dense conductive pathway by graphene sheets ultimately facilitating the double percolation phenomenon. The electrical percolation threshold was achieved at ~2 wt% of G‐ODA loading which was much lower than that for both single polymer composites. An electrical conductivity of 0.9 S/cm was obtained for blend composite film with 10 wt% of graphene concentration whereas for the same filler loading, PS and EMA composites exhibited electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10−1 and 2.3 × 10−1 S/cm, respectively. The obtained thermal conductivity of the blend composite with 10 wt% of G‐ODA loading was 0.95 W/m K with 400% enhancement compared to the neat blend system. The same composite exhibited increased real and imaginary permittivity of 92 and 83, respectively. The electrical percolation threshold is well‐correlated with the percolation concentration found from storage modulus and thermal conductivity data. The fabricated PS/EMA blend composite film exhibited absorption‐dominant electromagnetic interference SE of −25 and − 35 dB in X‐band frequency (8.2–12.4 GHz) for 10 wt% of graphene loading with a sample thickness of 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively.
SOX9 regulates epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation by mediating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in hypospadias
Authors: He Xueyu , Zhang Zhicheng , Liu Zhenmin , Zhang Qiang , Long Chunlan , Shen Lianju , Wei Guanghui , Liu Xing
Published: July 2024

The transcription factor SOX9 is crucial in the development and differentiation of various tissues and cells. However, the roles of SOX9‐dependent genes and pathways in normal urethral development and the mechanism of hypospadias are unclear. This study collected 15 foreskin tissue specimens from patients who underwent hypospadias repair surgery and compared them to normal foreskin tissue specimens obtained during circumcision. The expression levels of SOX9, WNT signaling pathway markers, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed in both groups. It was found that mRNA and protein levels of SOX9, WNT signaling pathway, and EMT mesenchymal markers were significantly reduced in the hypospadias group compared to the normal foreskin group. In contrast, mRNA and protein levels of epithelial markers were significantly increased in the hypospadias group. Immunofluorescence confirmed the decrease in SOX9 expression. Experiments using siRNA to inhibit SOX9 expression in foreskin fibroblasts yielded similar results to the hypospadias group. The findings suggest that down‐regulation of SOX9 expression may contribute to the development of hypospadias by down‐regulating the WNT pathway and inhibiting EMT. These findings provide new insights into the embryonic development of the urethra.
Improved outcomes of pediatric patients with swallowing disorders through a multidisciplinary dysphagia clinic in a tertiary care children's hospital in Colombia
Authors: Galvis‐Blanco Silvia J. , Martínez‐Moreno Víctor A. , Morales‐Múnera Olga L. , Wilches‐Luna Alejandra , Losada‐Gómez Claudia L. , Palacio‐Petri Silvia , Castañeda‐Agudelo Ángela M. , Rosero‐Vélez Janeth , Torres‐Pérez Leidy J. , Niño‐Serna Laura F.
Published: July 2024

Multidisciplinary clinics bring together multiple specialists to care for patients with complex diseases, such as swallowing disorders. Little information exists regarding dysphagia in pediatric patients and its multidisciplinary management in Colombia. This study aimed to characterize patients under the age of 18 with swallowing disorders treated in a multidisciplinary dysphagia clinic at San Vicente Fundacion Hospital in Medellin, Colombia, between 2014 and 2021. A longitudinal, descriptive, observational study with retrospective data collection was conducted. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained at three points. A total of 293 patients were included. The most frequent underlying diseases were neurological (mainly cerebral palsy), followed by genetic disorders, with Down syndrome being the most representative. More than 50% of the patients had been hospitalized at least twice for dysphagia. The diagnosis was primarily clinical, supported by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. The primary prescribed intervention was speech therapy, followed by an alternate feeding route. This study described pediatric patients with swallowing disorders seen in a multidisciplinary clinic. This overview provides healthcare personnel with an understanding of the complexity of swallowing disorders and their relationships to various medical conditions in children.
Green power solutions: Advancements in eco‐friendly cellulose‐derived composite battery separators—Material properties and processing techniques
Authors: Paliwal Rajeev , Kumar Maneesh , Bhatt Hardik B. , Vaya Dipti , Prasad Gayatri , Surolia Praveen K.
Published: July 2024

Batteries play a crucial role in our daily lives, with separators being a key component influencing their functionality. The separators based on petrochemical for example polythene and polypropylene have been long favored for their chemical and thermal stability, their drawbacks in terms of sustainability, eco‐efficiency, and associated environmental risks are undeniable. In pursuit of sustainable development, there is a growing demand for biopolymer composite separators that offer a compelling combination of low cost, high mechanical and thermal stability, biodegradability, and renewability. Among these alternatives, cellulose‐derived separators have garnered significant attention from the scientific community. This review delivers a brief overview of cellulose's chemical structure, their types, delving into the intricate interplay of various electrodes and electrolytic solutions. The focus is then directed towards exploring diverse preparatory methods for cellulose‐derived separators, along with highlighting the promising factors associated with their adoption. Special attention is given to cellulose composite separators and the challenges they present.

Highlights

Cellulose‐based composite separators in LIB/SIB batteries are discussed.

Preparatory methods for eco‐friendly cellulose‐derived composite battery separators.

Prominent affecting factors of separator performance have been elaborated.

Special attention to the challenges cellulose composite separators present.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis developed during treatment with benralizmab for severe asthma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sakabe Mitsukuni , Tobino Kazunori , Obata Yumi , Sogabe Shota , Uchida Kazuki , Murakami Yosuke
Published: July 2024

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by necrotizing vasculitis, asthma, and eosinophilia. We report a case of EGPA that developed during benralizumab treatment for severe asthma and provide a literature review. A 79‐year‐old Japanese male with severe asthma presented with generalized purpura 4 months after initiating benralizumab treatment. He had reduced his oral prednisolone dose from 7.5 to 2 mg/day. Laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia, and skin biopsy showed vasculitis with eosinophilic infiltration. He was diagnosed with EGPA and treated with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mepolizumab, which led to rapid improvement and sustained remission. Five cases of EGPA developing during benralizumab treatment have been reported, with onset ranging from 14 to 36 weeks after initiation. Clinicians should monitor for EGPA development in patients receiving benralizumab, particularly during oral corticosteroid reduction.
Multifunctional Wearable Electronic Based on Fabric Modified by PPy/NiCoAl‐LDH for Energy Storage, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Lyu Bin , Chen Ken , Zhu Jiamin , Gao Dangge
Published: July 2024

With the rapid advancement of electronic technology, traditional textiles are challenged to keep up with the demands of wearable electronics. It is anticipated that multifunctional textile‐based electronics incorporating energy storage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and photothermal conversion are expected to alleviate this problem. Herein, a multifunctional cotton fabric with hierarchical array structure (PPy/NiCoAl‐LDH/Cotton) is fabricated by the introduction of NiCoAl‐layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl‐LDH) nanosheet arrays on cotton fibers, followed by polymerization and growth of continuous dense polypyrrole (PPy) conductive layers. The multifunctional cotton fabric shows a high specific areal capacitance of 754.72 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2 and maintains a long cycling life (80.95% retention after 1000 cycles). The symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with this fabric achieves an energy density of 20.83 µWh cm−2 and a power density of 0.23 mWcm−2. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic interference shielding (38.83 dB), photothermal conversion (70.2 °C at 1000 mW cm−2), flexibility and durability are also possess by the multifunctional cotton fabric. Such a multifunctional cotton fabric has great potential for using in new energy, smart electronics, and thermal management applications.
Copper‐Graphene Composite (CGC) Conductors: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Electrical Performance
Authors: Yao Jiali , Kim Chunghwan , Nian Qiong , Kang Wonmo
Published: July 2024

Improving the electrical performance of copper, the most widely used electrical conductor in the world is of vital importance to the progress of key technologies, including electric vehicles, portable devices, renewable energy, and power grids. Copper‐graphene composite (CGC) stands out as the most promising candidate for high‐performance electrical conductor applications. This can be attributed to the superior properties of graphene fillers embedded in CGC, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. This review highlights the recent progress of CGC conductors, including their fabrication processes, electrical performances, mechanisms of copper‐graphene interplay, and potential applications.
A Janus Microsphere Delivery System Orchestrates Immunomodulation and Osteoinduction by Fine‐tuning Release Profiles
Authors: Shi Yang , Gu Jingyi , Zhang Chun , Mi Rui , Ke Zhiwei , Xie Mingjun , Jin Wenjing , Shao Changyu , He Yong , Shi Jue , Xie Zhijian
Published: July 2024

Bone regeneration is a well‐orchestrated process synergistically involving inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, an effective bone graft should be designed to target multiple molecular events and biological demands during the bone healing process. In this study, a biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based Janus microsphere delivery system containing calcium phosphate oligomer (CPO) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) is developed based on natural biological events. The exceptional adjustability of GelMA facilitates the controlled release and on‐demand application of biomolecules, and optimized delivery profiles of CPO and BMP‐2 are explored. The sustained release of CPO during the initial healing stages contributes to early immunomodulation and promotes mineralization in the late stage. Meanwhile, the administration of BMP‐2 at a relatively high concentration within the therapeutic range enhances the osteoinductive property. This delivery system, with fine‐tuned release patterns, induces M2 macrophage polarization and creates a conducive immuno‐microenvironment, which in turn facilitates effective bone regeneration in vivo. Collectively, this study proposes a bottom‐up concept, aiming to develop a user‐friendly and easily controlled delivery system targeting individual biological events, which may offer a new perspective on developing function‐optimized biomaterials for clinical use.
Insight into Fluoride Additives to Enhance Ammonia Production from Lithium‐Mediated Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shin Dongwoo , Jeon Yeongbae , Nguyen Vy Thuy , Kang Shinmyeong , Hong Yewon , Lim Chaeeun , Yong Kijung , Shin Hyeyoung , Hwang Yun Jeong
Published: July 2024

Demands for green ammonia production increase due to its application as a proton carrier, and recent achievements in electrochemical Li‐mediated nitrogen reduction reactions (Li‐NRRs) show promising reliability. Here, it is demonstrated that F‐containing additives in the electrolyte improve ammonia production by modulating the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). It is suggested that the anionic additives with low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels enhance efficiency by contributing to the formation of a conductive SEI incorporated with LiF. Specifically, as little as 0.3 wt.% of BF4− additive to the electrolyte, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) for ammonia production is enhanced by over 15% compared to an additive‐free electrolyte, achieving a high yield of 161 ± 3 nmol s−1 cm−2. The BF4− additive exhibits advantages, with decreased overpotential and improved FE, compared to its use as the bulk electrolyte. The observation of the Li3N upper layer implies that active Li‐NRR catalytic cycles are occurring on the outermost SEI, and density functional theory simulations propose that an SEI incorporated with LiF facilitates energy profiles for the protonation by adjusting the binding energies of the intermediates compared to bare copper. This study unlocks the potential of additives and offers insights into the SEIs for efficient Li‐NRRs.
Ultrahigh Ni‐Rich (90%) Layered Oxide‐Based Cathode Active Materials: The Advantages of Tungsten (W) Incorporation in the Precursor Cathode Active Material
Authors: Heidbüchel Marcel , Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Frankenstein Lars , Makvandi Ardavan , Peterlechner Martin , Wilde Gerhard , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: July 2024

Minor amounts of tungsten (W) are well known to improve Ni‐rich layered oxide‐based cathode active materials (CAMs) for Li ion batteries. Herein, W impacts are validated and compared for varied concentrations and incorporation routes in aqueous media for LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (NCM90‐6‐4), either via modification of a precursor NixCoyMnz(OH)2 (pCAM) within a sol–gel reaction or directly during synthesis, i.e., either via an W‐based educt or during co‐precipitation in a continuously operated Couette–Taylor reactor. In particular, the sol–gel modification is shown to be beneficial and reveals >500 cycles for ≈80% state‐of‐health NCM90‐6‐4||graphite cells. It can be related to homogeneously W‐modified surface as well as smaller and elongated primary particles, whereas the latter are suggested to better compensate anisotropic lattice stress and decrease amount of microcracks, consequently minimizing further rise in surface area and the accompanied failure cascades (e.g., phase changes, metal dissolution, and crosstalk). Moreover, the different incorporation routes are shown to reveal different outcomes and demonstrate the complexity and sensitivity of W incorporation.
Multiple associated fibroepithelial polyps (acrochordonous plaques) in the external ear canal of three French bulldogs with chronic otitis
Authors: Mendes Carolina , Nordio Laura , De Lucia Michela
Published: July 2024

Multiple closely associated fibroepithelial polyps, also known as acrochordonous plaques, are benign proliferative lesions, described so far only on the dorsal neck and the head of bulldogs and pugs, and on the lumbo‐sacral region of a dobermann. Here, we report for the first time the presence of multiple closely associated fibroepithelial polyps in the external ear canal of three French bulldogs with chronic otitis. In all the cases, lesions presented as a plaque composed of domed shaped, villous or filiform proliferations. The diagnosis was obtained combining video‐otoscopic and histopathological findings. In only one case, these lesions were considered critical for the persistence of the otitis externa, and surgical treatment was recommended. Multiple closely associated fibroepithelial polyps should be set among the differential diagnoses of plaque‐like lesions with an irregular surface in the external ear canal of French bulldogs.
Dynamical Evaluation of Gravity Spherical Harmonic Coefficients due to Generally Shaped Polyhedra
Authors: Gavriilidou Georgia , Tsoulis Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

The gravitational potential uncertainty process arising from the stochastic consideration of generally shaped polyhedra is outlined and tested on the real shape model of asteroid Psyche. The examined method is based on the computation of partial derivatives of spherical harmonic coefficients as implied by corresponding coordinate changes of the polyhedron’s vertices, while the derived results are compared with gravity signal differences induced by the shape’s variations using the line integral analytical approach. For the numerical tests, 3 regular grids of points with dimensions 600 km2 were considered. The differences of the obtained results between the two approaches range from 85 m2/s2 to 300 m2/s2 for the gravitational potential uncertainties and from 2% to 2.4% for the normalized gravitational potential uncertainties. Additional tests were carried out on different points with increasing distance from the asteroid’s surface to correlate the computed uncertainties with the spherical harmonic coefficients’ maximum degree of expansion. As seen, inside the uncertainty region defined by the boundary of Brillouin sphere, the computed normalized gravitational potential uncertainties differ at the level of 0.04% for solutions of maximum degree of expansion {5, 10, 15, 20} while outside they gradually become identical. Therefore, the position of the computation points as well as the morphology of the examined mass distribution that defines the Brillouin sphere seem to strongly affect the derived results.
Geophysical Loading Correction Comparison and Assessment in VLBI Analysis
Authors: Singh Shivangi , Böhm Johannes , Krásná Hana , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Dikshit Onkar
Published: July 2024

The Earth’s crust experiences deformation caused by a range of geophysical phenomena, including the motion of tectonic plates and the redistribution of surface fluids like the atmosphere, oceans, and continental water. These natural processes result in substantial changes in the Earth’s crust load, leading to the displacement of geodetic sites and alterations in station coordinates over time scales that can vary from yearly to sub-diurnal periods. Geophysical models are employed in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) analysis to consider loading effects resulting from the global movement of the geophysical fluids to accurately estimate parameters of interest. Given VLBI’s significance as a key technique for terrestrial reference frame determination, the accuracy of geophysical models becomes paramount. This study focuses on comparing elastic surface loading products, specifically on the corresponding changes in station coordinates. Non-tidal surface loading (NTSL) data is obtained from different loading services, such as VieAPL, EOST, IMLS, and ESMGFZ. Notably, VieAPL exclusively provides non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL), while EOST, IMLS, and ESMGFZ provide all three NTSL components—NTAL, non-tidal oceanic loading, and hydrological loading. The analysis of 20 years data of NTSL (from 2001 to 2020), extracted from these services demonstrates consistency among them, except for the hydrological loading component of ESMGFZ. The implementation of NTSL models in VLBI analysis has revealed that baseline length repeatability shows improvements or remains stable in 90.25% of the baselines for IMLS, 89.02% for EOST, and 86.18% for ESMGFZ. Additionally, the application of NTSL models leads to an improvement in the standard deviation of station height by 65% in both EOST and IMLS, and by 61.25% in the case of ESMGFZ. We also investigate the variance reduction coefficients, demonstrating the distinctions in loading corrections offered by various services.
EPOS-OC, a Universal Software Tool for Satellite Geodesy at GFZ
Authors: Neumayer Karl Hans , Schreiner Patrick , König Rolf , Dahle Christoph , Glaser Susanne , Mammadaliyev Nijat , Flechtner Frank
Published: July 2024

The adjustment of parameters from different observations describing the state and change of system Earth has been conducted at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam—GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences via satellite observations for many decades. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is used to establish ground station coordinates and their drifts as well as Earth Rotation Parameters (ERPs). Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), SLR and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations are combined to contribute to the development of an International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) with the highest precision possible. The Earth’s gravity field and its temporal variations are adjusted analyzing orbit perturbations of Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, where the corresponding trajectories are obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS), on-board accelerometers (ACC) or gradiometers, star tracker (STR) and inter-satellite ranging observations. Apart from real data analysis, numerous simulation studies are conducted, e.g. to investigate the performance of Next Generation Gravity Missions or possible improvements of terrestrial reference frames by space-tie satellites. Also, we contribute to testing the theory of general relativity by analysing observations of the Laser Geodynamic Satellites (LAGEOS). All that would not be possible without a universal software tool that is central to all these activities. In this paper we give a short overview of our program package Earth Parameter and Orbit System (EPOS) with its core module for precise orbit computation (OC) EPOS-OC. We briefly describe its main features and give examples on Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of Earth satellites, describe how the program is used for determination of ERPs, station coordinates, reference frames and the adjustment of Earth’s gravity field using real-world data and within simulation studies. We finally show that EPOS-OC is also a useful tool to test some predictions of the theory of General Relativity.
Vision of a Clock-Based Network for Absolute Sea Level Monitoring
Authors: Vincent Asha , Müller Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Global sea level shows an increasing trend for several decades driven mainly by climate change. Absolute Sea Level (ASL) changes can only be extracted from Relative Sea Level (RSL) measurements with proper reduction of vertical land movements of the bench marks. Atomic clocks at those tide gauges can potentially provide the absolute, near real-time physical height change. High-performance clocks with an uncertainty of $$10^{-18}$$
1

0

−18

enable a height measurement with 1 cm accuracy. As RSL is related to regional tidal datums, one has to account for the local variations to obtain a globally consistent measurement of ASL. Hence, by incorporating land motion from clock observations, one can establish a consistent and uniform reference datum for assessing geoid-based absolute sea level changes worldwide.
Digital Methodology Beyond the Everyday: Analytical Model for Interpreting Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Preschools
Authors: Johora Fatema Taj , Fleer Marilyn , Hammer Marie
Published: July 2024

Recently research on inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream settings has advanced. But approaches for studying inclusion in the living laboratory of a preschool are still limited. Certainly, it is a delicate job for researchers to capture pre-schoolers’ perspective and their contribution in their development through everyday participation in an early childhood setting. This chapter discusses how digital methodology enable researchers to accumulate everyday experience of children with disabilities along with their peers in a mainstream long day care centre and to interpret beyond the everyday practices. In this process, we felt it is essential to use appropriate theoretical or analytical tools to bring deeper dimension in analysis and to address interpretation challenges. This chapter argues both the digital methodology and cultural-historical analytical tools make it possible to develop new understanding of inclusion and to understand how participant children created roundabout ways for their inclusion in the preschool practices. A model accompanied by five key principles are presented, and a working example illustrates the kind of data generated.
Digital Spatial Game Development and Practice Analysis in the Home Setting
Authors: Dang Ha , Rai Prabhat , Fleer Marilyn , Li Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Drawing on Conceptual PlayWorld characteristics (Fleer M., Early Years 39(1):1–22, 2018, 2018), this research focused on designing digital games to support children’s spatial development in the home setting. During the time of pandemic these specially designed digital games created a new activity setting in the children’s everyday home practice and offered a new, amplified digital spatial learning opportunity for the children. The narrative from the children’s story book, collective participation of children and parents and awareness of the adults to create conceptual learning opportunities for children made participation of children in these games personally meaningful for them. While playing these games, the children’s dominant motive for play were employed as a stimulating motive for learning spatial concepts. The chapter unpacks some of the design principles that guided development of these digital spatial games.