bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional venous–arterial CO2 to arterial–venous O2 content difference ratio in experimental circulatory shock and hypoxia
Authors: Corrêa Thiago Domingos , Pereira Adriano José , Takala Jukka , Jakob Stephan Mathias
Published: October 2020

Background

Venous–arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) to arterial–venous oxygen (O2) content difference ratio (Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2) > 1 is supposed to be both sensitive and specific for anaerobic metabolism. What regional hemodynamic and metabolic parameters determine the ratio has not been clarified.

Objectives

To address determinants of systemic and renal, spleen, gut and liver Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of original data from published experimental studies aimed to address effects of different fluid resuscitation strategies on oxygen transport, lactate metabolism and organ dysfunction in fecal peritonitis and endotoxin infusion, and from animals in cardiac tamponade or hypoxic hypoxia. Systemic and regional hemodynamics, blood flow, lactate uptake, carbon dioxide and oxygen-derived variables were determined. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were fit to assess contributors to systemic and regional Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2.

Results

Median (range) of pooled systemic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 in 64 pigs was 1.02 (0.02 to 3.84). While parameters reflecting regional lactate exchange were variably associated with the respective regional Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 ratios, only regional ratios were independently correlated with systemic ratio: renal Cv-aCO2 /Ca-vO2 (β = 0.148, 95% CI 0.062 to 0.234; p = 0.001), spleen Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.065, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.127; p = 0.042), gut Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.117, 95% CI 0.025 to 0.209; p = 0.013), liver Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = − 0.159, 95% CI − 0.297 to − 0.022; p = 0.023), hepatosplanchnic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.495, 95% CI 0.205 to 0.786; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In a mixed set of animals in different shock forms or during hypoxic injury, hepatosplanchnic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 ratio had the strongest independent association with systemic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2, while no independent association was demonstrated for lactate or hemodynamic variables.
Public perception of human trafficking: a case study of Moldova
Authors: Bogdan Ludmila
Published: October 2020

For two decades, counter-trafficking organizations have been operating under the assumption that rural populations are less informed about human trafficking. Based on a public survey of 300 people in Moldova, I found that anti-trafficking organizations operating in Moldova have flawed assumptions about the public knowledge. Findings show that rural people are, in fact, more knowledgeable about human trafficking than other surveyed groups. In-depth interviews revealed that these people are more informed than others because (1) anti-trafficking organizations mainly have targeted them, (2) they are more likely to know families who have lost members to the traffickers, (3) they tend to think of themselves more likely to be trafficked because they share the same characteristics with the trafficked victims. These findings suggest that counter-trafficking organizations have to revise their anti-trafficking efforts and re-conceptualize the targeted population for their work to be more efficient in tackling this problem.
Excess mortality associated with eating disorders: population-based cohort study
Authors: Iwajomo Tomisin , Bondy Susan J. , de Oliveira Claire , Colton Patricia , Trottier Kathryn , Kurdyak Paul
Published: October 2020

Background

Individuals with eating disorders have a high mortality risk. Few population-based studies have estimated this risk in eating disorders other than anorexia nervosa.

Aims

To investigate all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of individuals who received hospital-based care for an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified) in Ontario, Canada.

Method

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 19 041 individuals with an eating disorder from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2013 using administrative healthcare data. The outcome of interest was death. Excess mortality was assessed using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and potential years of life lost (PYLL). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine sociodemographic and medical comorbidities associated with greater mortality risk.

Results

The cohort had 17 108 females (89.9%) and 1933 males (10.1%). The all-cause mortality for the entire cohort was five times higher than expected compared with the Ontario population (SMR = 5.06; 95% CI 4.82–5.30). SMRs were higher for males (SMR = 7.24; 95% CI 6.58–7.96) relative to females (SMR = 4.59; 95% CI 4.34–4.85) overall, and in all age groups in the cohort. For both genders, the cohort PYLL was more than six times higher than the expected PYLL in the Ontario population.

Conclusions

Patients with eating disorders diagnosed in hospital settings experience five to seven times higher mortality rates compared with the overall population. There is an urgent need to understand the mortality risk factors to improve health outcomes among individuals with eating disorders.
Predicting Unacceptable Pain in Cardiac Surgery Patients Receiving Morphine Maintenance and Rescue Doses: A Model-Based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Goulooze Sebastiaan C. , Krekels Elke H. , Saleh Mohammed A. , Ahlers Sabine J. , Välitalo Pyry A. , van Dongen Eric P. , van Schaik Ron H. , Hankemeier Thomas , Tibboel Dick , Knibbe Catherijne A. J.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Optimal analgesic treatment following cardiac surgery is crucial for both patient comfort and successful postoperative recovery. While knowledge of both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesics is required to predict optimal drug dosing, models quantifying the pharmacodynamics are scarce. Here, we quantify the pharmacodynamics of morphine by modeling the need for rescue morphine to treat unacceptable pain in 118 patients after cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

The rescue morphine event data were analyzed with repeated time-to-event (RTTE) modeling using NONMEM. Postoperative pain titration protocol consisted of continuous morphine infusions (median duration 20.5 hours) with paracetamol 4 times daily and rescue morphine in case of unacceptable pain (numerical rating scale ≥4).

RESULTS:

Patients had a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 63–77) and median bodyweight of 80 kg (IQR: 72–90 kg). Most patients (55%) required at least 1 rescue morphine dose. The hazard for rescue morphine following cardiac surgery was found to be significantly influenced by time after surgery, a day/night cycle with a peak at 23:00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 19:35–02:03) each day, and an effect of morphine concentration with 50% hazard reduction at 9.3 ng·mL−1 (95% CI, 6.7–16).

CONCLUSIONS:

The pharmacodynamics of morphine after cardiac surgery was successfully quantified using RTTE modeling. Future studies can be used to expand the model to better predict morphine’s pharmacodynamics on the individual level and to include the pharmacodynamics of other analgesics so that improved postoperative pain treatment protocols can be developed.
Whale Falls, Suspended Ground, and Extinctions Never Known
Authors: Bastian Michelle
Published: October 2020

This article contributes to work within extinction studies by asking how one might “story” extinctions of creatures that have been, and will remain, unknown. It grapples with losses that have been unrecorded, unmissed, and unrecognizable via the “lively ethography” approach to storying extinction. This approach, developed by Deborah Bird Rose and Thom van Dooren, seeks to draw readers into imaginative encounters with embodied, specific, and lively creatures to support situated ethical responses. While at first this approach might seem antithetical to exploring unknown extinctions, this article argues that it can provide an important stimulus for developing a situated approach to losses that are often thought of in terms of undifferentiated masses. The article’s focus is on the recently discovered ecosystems of creatures that live on the remnants of dead whales on the sea floor, which are known as “whale falls.” It reads these ecosystems via a notion of “suspended ground,” which brings together philosopher Mick Smith’s rethinking of an ethics of encounter with unknown soil extinctions and Stacy Alaimo’s concept of “suspension.” The article argues that engaging with ethographic writing from this perspective enables one to weave a more explicit account of the mysterious and the unknown into the approach.
A New Vagina Didn't Make Her Sad (It Didn't Have To)
Authors: Wilchins Riki
Published: October 2020

Andrea Long Chu's New York Times article, “My New Vagina Won't Make Me Happy (And It Shouldn't Have To),” marks a shift in trans discourse, raising issues about the challenges of surgical outcomes and being a post-op transgender woman with a candor that has heretofore been rare publicly. Yet it devotes little attention to the actual experience of being transgender. Similarly, much of gender theory succeeds at cycles of better and more accurate deconstruction, without mobilizing this to explore what it's like to be transgender. This article calls for renewed academic attention to the phenomenology of transgender—on issues like psychology, sexuality, and embodiment.
Indigenist Origins
Authors: Day Madi
Published: October 2020

Indigenous queer and trans studies will be available as part of the Indigenous Studies major in the Bachelor of Arts program at Macquarie University beginning February 2020. Institutionalization of Indigenous queer and trans studies occurs in a context in which education and institutionalization have been tools of settler colonialism used against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This article considers Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement with institutions in the discipline of Indigenous studies, and what this means for Indigenous queer and trans studies as it emerges in a tradition of Indigenist and decolonial thought.
Development of a framework for the implementation of electronic interventions in mental health: a protocol for a meta-synthesis of systematic reviews
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Torres-Puente Roberto , Ambrosio-Melgarejo Juan , Romero-Cabrera Alejandra B. , Lindo-Cavero Ana , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: October 2020

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been necessary to incorporate technologies in the care of mental health problems. But there have been difficulties in the application of technology-based interventions in mental health. Some quantitative systematic reviews don’t allow us to fully identify and properly describe this subject. In order to answer the question "how do electronic interventions apply in mental health and what makes the application of any of these interventions work", this study will carry out an overview of systematic reviews, which will make it possible to develop a theoretical framework on the implementation of electronic care in mental health problems.

Methods:We will search MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science databases from 1st January 2015 to September 2020, with no language restriction. We will follow a qualitative method approach and include systematic reviews that assess primary studies relating to adults with common mental health problems using any type of mobile mental health intervention that includes a synchronic component and communication with a mental health professional. For the analysis, we will make a meta-synthesis of the systematic reviews, using an emergent grounded theory approach to synthesize the information, prioritizing the systematic reviews with the lowest risk of bias in the AMSTAR-2 tool. The meta-synthesis will be based on interpreting, integrating, and inferring the evaluation elements to understand better the e-health implementation process for patients with mental health problems. Finally, we will present the overall assessment in a Summary of Qualitative Findings table.

Conclusion:Our results will allow a better understanding of the facilitator and limitations in implementing e-health interventions for mental health problems.
Prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum gametocyte carriage in schoolchildren and assessment of the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infection prevalence
Authors: Touray Abdoulie O. , Mobegi Victor A. , Wamunyokoli Fred , Butungi Hellen , Herren Jeremy K.
Published: October 2020

Background: Malaria is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers are potential infectious reservoirs for sustaining transmission in many malaria endemic regions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of gametocyte carriage and some of its associated risk factors among asymptomatic schoolchildren in Western Kenya and further analyse the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and mosquito infection prevalence.

Methods: Rapid diagnostic tests were used to screen for P. falciparum parasite infection among schoolchildren (5-15 years old) and the results were verified using microscopy. Microscopy positive gametocyte carriers were selected to feed laboratory reared An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes using membrane feeding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from dry blood spot samples and P. falciparum populations were genotyped using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Assessment of the association between MOI and gametocyte density and mosquito infection prevalence was conducted.

Results: A significantly higher prevalence of P. falciparum infection was found in males 31.54% (764/2422) (p-value < 0.001) compared to females 26.72% (657/2459). The microscopy gametocyte prevalence among the study population was 2% (84/4881). Children aged 5-9 years have a higher prevalence of gametocyte carriage (odds ratios = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.3–3.4], P = 0.002) as compared to children aged 10-15 years. After challenging An. gambiae s.l. by membrane feeding assay on gametocyte positive patient blood, our results indicate that 68.1% of the variation in mosquito infection prevalence is accounted for by gametocyte density and MOI (R-SQR. = 0.681, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Age was a significant risk factor for gametocyte carriage, as indicated by the higher risk of gametocyte carriage among the younger children (5-9 years). Gametocyte density and MOI statistically significantly predicted mosquito infection prevalence. Both of the variables added significantly to the prediction (p < 0.05).
Impacto e aderência de indivíduos com diabetes no Programa Academia da Cidade
Authors: Jubilini Débora , Bosco Adriana
Published: October 2020

Uma epidemia de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está em curso e uma grande proporção de pessoas com essa doença não pratica exercícios físicos regularmente. Em Belo Horizonte, o Programa Academia da Cidade (PAC) se apresenta como uma estratégia de melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, através da prática de exercícios físicos. Logo, é relevante compreendermos o impacto deste na saúde de indivíduos com e sem diagnóstico de DM, ao longo do tempo. Para análise da aderência foram utilizadas as chamadas de frequência e para as medidas antropométricas utilizou-se as Planilhas de Avaliação Física do Programa. Foram avaliados 812 usuários, divididos nos grupos: “diabéticos” (GD) e “nāo-diabéticos” (GND). A avaliação física foi feita no início, 6 e 12 meses após inserção às atividades.  A presença às aulas foi semelhante entre os grupos GD e GND. No momento de entrada, as medidas de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), peso (P), circunferência abdominal (CA) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) do GD foram significativamente maiores do que GND (p = 0,008, 0,001, < 0,001 e < 0,000, respectivamente). Após 12 meses, GD e GND apresentaram diminuição significante de CA (p = 0,037 e p = 0,005, respectivamente). Em conclusão, no PAC da Regional Nordeste de Belo Horizonte, após 12 meses, GD e GND apresentaram aderência semelhante às aulas, havendo redução significativa para CA. Sugere-se um estudo por maior tempo para identificar resultados mais robustos às demais variáveis.
A pandemia de COVID-19 e a saúde mental de idosos: possibilidades de atividade física por meio dos Exergames
Authors: Rocha Saulo Vasconcelos , Dias Carolina Rego Chaves , Silva Mônica Costa , Lourenço Camilo Luis Monteiro , Santos Clarice Alves dos
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio teórico foi elaborado com o objetivo de discutir sobre os reflexos da pandemia na saúde mental de idosos e a contribuição dos exergames como terapia não medicamentosa para o cuidado à saúde neste grupo em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19. Apesar de compreender que as medidas restritivas para aglomerações são estratégias importantes no controle da pandemia, o distanciamento social pode aumentar ainda mais a vulnerabilidade dos idosos, principalmente no que diz respeito ao agravamento das morbidades psíquicas. Nesse sentido, apresentar possibilidades de atividades físicas, já comprovadamente aceitas, como modalidades terapêuticas efetivas, frente a essas condições, e indicar possibilidades de movimentar-se com os exergames, contribui para o aumento do nível de atividade física e, consequentemente, para a melhoria da saúde mental dessa população.
Operational Transparency: Showing When Work Gets Done
Authors: Bray Robert L.
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: Do the benefits of operational transparency depend on when the work is done? Academic/practical relevance: This work connects the operations management literature on operational transparency with the psychology literature on the peak-end effect. Methodology: This study examines how customers respond to operational transparency with parcel delivery data from the Cainiao Network, the logistics arm of Alibaba. The sample comprises 4.68 million deliveries. Each delivery has between 4 and 10 track-package activities, which customers can check in real time, and a delivery service score, which customers leave after receiving the package. Instrumental-variable regressions quantify the causal effect of track-package-activity times on delivery scores. Results: The regressions suggest that customers punish early idleness less than late idleness, leaving higher delivery service scores when track-package activities cluster toward the end of the shipping horizon. For example, if a shipment takes 100 hours, then delaying the time of the average action from hour 20 to hour 80 increases the expected delivery score by approximately the same amount as expediting the arrival time from hour 100 to hour 73. Managerial implications: Memory limitations make customers especially sensitive to how service operations end.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2018 MSOM Data Driven Research Challenge.
Firm-Specific Worker Incentives, Employee Retention, and Wage–Tenure Slopes
Authors: Kryscynski David
Published: October 2020

Strategy scholars have long studied the strategic implications of firm-specific human capital but have almost completely ignored their conceptual dual: firm-specific worker incentives. This paper proposes that firm-level incentives can also vary in firm specificity, and accordingly, firm-specific incentives may help to explain advantages independent of the firm specificity of human capital. Results from a proprietary data set, including data from 284 software development firms and matched employee-level compensation data for 8,208 software developers in 99 of those firms, suggest that firms with higher firm specificity in their incentive bundles may have lower dysfunctional employee turnover rates as well as lower wage–tenure slopes. In other words, these firms may lose fewer employees who they would prefer to keep and may be able to do so while still offering lower wage increases over time than their competitors in the labor market. Thus, firm-specific incentives may provide a viable alternative pathway to human capital–based competitive advantages.
La sexuation du monde - Réflexions sur l'émancipation
Authors: Mattos Elizângela Inocêncio
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro:Fraisse, Geneviève. La Sexuation du Monde: Réflexions Sur L’émancipation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2016.Por Elizângela Inocêncio Mattos
Tempo e liberdade na filosofia bergsoniana
Authors: Ferreira Rildo Da Luz
Published: October 2020

Nossa intenção com este artigo é analisar o modo como Bergson construiu uma crítica contumaz ao tempo da mecânica em contraposição ao tempo da experiência concreta. No seu Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência Bergson mostra como o tempo da mecânica é um tempo especializado (medir o tempo equivale a controlar que o movimento de um objeto em um espaço coincida com o movimento dos ponteiros dentro do espaço que é o quadrante do relógio). Bem diferente é o tempo da experiência concreta: se a espacialidade é a característica das coisas, a duração é a característica da consciência. A consciência capta imediatamente o tempo como duração. E duração quer dizer que o eu vive o presente com a memória do passado e a antecipação do futuro. Nesse sentido, veremos como Bergson liga à ideia de duração, como característica fundamental da consciência, sua defesa da liberdade e sua crítica ao determinismo, quando este presume poder explicar a vida da consciência.
EDUCAÇÃO DE PESSOAS SURDAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: LINGUAGEM, PENSAMENTO E RELAÇÕES DE PODER
Authors: Alves Jessika Figueredo , Gomes Jacqueline De Souza
Published: October 2020

ResumoEste artigo analisa os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 na educação de pessoas surdas no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ, considerando os enfrentamentos que subsistiam antes mesmo da suspensão das aulas presenciais, tais como o ouvintismo, a desvalorização da língua de sinais e o preconceito linguístico que reprova a expressão escrita da pessoa surda e o seu pensamento pautado em signos visuais. Através de estudo de caso, apresentamos as reformulações e tentativas adotadas pelas escolas públicas do município para dar sequência às atividades escolares, discutindo a realidade de alunos(as) surdos(as) matriculados(as) na rede e a atuação de intérpretes.
Brachycephalic ocular syndrome
Authors: Nutbrown-Hughes David
Published: October 2020

The small brachycephalic breeds such as the Pug and French Bulldog are currently extremely popular. The conformation of these breeds is part of their appeal to owners, however it leads to ocular surface disease such as corneal ulceration and pigmentation. The eye problems associated with these breeds are collectively known as brachycephalic ocular syndrome. In the normal situation there is a close interaction between the tear film, the eyelids and the cornea, which in the affected breeds is disrupted. Treatment needs to address the causes of the problem, such as lid anatomy, as well as the resultant corneal disease. Combinations of both medical and surgical treatment are required. Hospitalisation and anaesthesia of these cases requires careful, gentle handling and caution to prevent respiratory distress and damage to their often fragile eyes.
Kirby's Rule of 20: the Veterinary Nurse's Critical Patient Checklist Part 3
Authors: Waxman Courtney
Published: October 2020

Kirby's Rule of 20 is a patient checklist including 20 parameters that should be checked daily in the critically ill patient. It reviews the established evidence-based information regarding patient checklist use in veterinary emergency and critical care medicine. The list of 20 will be discussed over a four-part series to give an appropriate level of information and attention to each patient parameter. Part 3 includes: renal function, gastrointestinal motility and integrity, nutrition, glucose and immune status.
Nurses' views of pet owners: online pet health information
Authors: Kogan Lori , Oxley James A
Published: October 2020

Background

Most research investigating online pet health information has focused on the views of veterinarians or clients with little attention given to the views of veterinary nurses.

Aims

To investigate the views of UK veterinary nurses in relation to pet owners’ use of online pet health information.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was distributed via social media platforms.

Results

Most respondents report thinking that less than half of their clients understand what they read about pet health online, yet the majority do not provide pet health website information to their clients.

Conclusions

Most responding veterinary nurses feel online pet health information has a negative impact on the client/veterinary nurse relationships. It is suggested that veterinary nurses take a proactive role via information prescriptions to guide information seeking behaviours of pet owners.
Disinformation superspreaders: the weaponisation of COVID-19 fake news in the Persian Gulf and beyond
Authors: Jones Marc Owen
Published: October 2020

Many of the studies of disinformation tend to reflect transatlantic security concerns, and focus on the activities of Russia and China. There is notably less analysis of disinformation in the Arabic-speaking world and wider MENA region. This article analyses a number of MENA-based COVID-19 disinformation campaigns from 2020, highlighting how COVID-19 disinformation has been instrumentalised by regional actors to attack rivals or bolster the legitimacy of their own regimes. It highlights in particular how certain ‘superspreaders’ of disinformation tend to promote Saudi, Emirate and right wing US foreign policy in the Middle East.
One-step implementation of Toffoli gate for neutral atoms based on unconventional Rydberg pumping
Authors: Yin Hong-Da , Li Xiao-Xuan , Wang Gang-Cheng , Shao Xiao-Qiang
Published: October 2020

Compared with the idea of universal quantum computation, a direct synthesis of a multiqubit logic gate can greatly improve the efficiency of quantum information processing tasks. Here we propose an efficient scheme to implement a three-qubit controlled-not (Toffoli) gate of neutral atoms based on unconventional Rydberg pumping. By adjusting the strengths of Rabi frequencies of driving fields, the Toffoli gate can be achieved within one step, which is also insensitive to the fluctuation of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. Considering different atom alignments, we can obtain a high-fidelity Toffoli gate at the same operation time ∼7 μs. In addition, our scheme can be further extended to the four-qubit case without altering the operating time.
Octave mid-infrared optical frequency comb from Er:fiber-laser-pumped aperiodically poled Mg: LiNbO3
Authors: Zhou Lian , Liu Yang , Lou Haipeng , Di Yuanfeng , Xie Gehui , Zhu Zhiwei , Deng Zejiang , Luo Daping , Gu Chenglin , Chen Huaixi , Li Wenxue
Published: October 2020

In this Letter, we report an octave-spanning mid-infrared (MIR) comb generation with a difference frequency generation (DFG) approach optimized for aperiodically poled

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and nonlinear spectral broadening. An Er:fiber comb is delivered to two branches and amplified in an Yb:fiber and an Er:fiber amplifier, respectively. We demonstrate that the two-branch DFG can yield the spectrum tuned over an octave in a fan-out periodically poled lithium niobate. Thus, we obtain an optimized poling period profile and design the aperiodically poled

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. The results demonstrate that broadband combs can be generated in the MIR atmospheric window.
Piety, fashion and festivity in a modest fashion shopping mall in Istanbul
Authors: Kütük-Kuriş Merve
Published: October 2020

This article studies a new shopping and entertainment centre in Istanbul, Zeruj Port, founded and run by young Muslim female entrepreneurs who specialize in Islamic modest fashion. Based on an ethnographic enquiry, the article analyses how female Muslim entrepreneurs in this unique women-themed mall develop new forms of Islamic fashion and leisure, thereby giving a new meaning to female piety in contemporary Turkey. Female Muslim entrepreneurs have emerged as the new tastemakers in the market, seeking to accommodate western trends in fashion and leisure without making major concessions to the consumer market, but also without completely conforming to the dominant Islamic discourses on fashion and leisure. These pious female entrepreneurs achieve this using reconciliation strategies based on notions of individualism. However, the article discusses cases where these young female actors do not so easily challenge Islamic rules of propriety regarding fashion and leisure. Thus, the article concludes that the fashion and leisure performances of female Muslim entrepreneurs subversively accommodate existing regimes of truth about female piety.
Religious ritual and sociopolitical ideologies: Circumcision costumes in the Turkish marketplace
Authors: Alimen Nazlı , Askegaard Søren
Published: October 2020

Male circumcision is a widely practised Islamic ritual in Turkey regardless of families’ level of devotion. It is traditionally celebrated with a party where boys wear special ‘circumcision’ costumes. Concentrating on these costumes, this study examines the construction, interaction and intersection between religion, masculinity, nationalism, militarism and neo-Ottomanism, by investigating costumes available between 2014 and 2019 and exploring previous studies and archival resources on circumcision celebrations in the Ottoman and Turkish contexts, such as photographs and memoirs. By doing so, it identifies three main styles: classic, modern military and neo-Ottoman. Classic circumcision costumes emerged in the early twentieth century, while modern military style spread in the 1970s under the influence of the Turkish political sphere. The variety and availability of circumcision costumes has enormously increased since the 1990s due to the country’s economic upsurge. Under AKP rule, particularly in the 2010s, there has been a rise in Islam(ism) and neo-Ottomanism, which has been reflected and propagated through popular culture, particularly Ottoman-themed TV dramas. This has influenced the emergence and development of ‘neo-Ottoman’ circumcision costumes. Following the description of the stylistic universe of circumcision costumes, this article develops a semiotic square, which illustrates contradictions of ‘modernities’ and ‘modernity’, contrarieties of ‘historicity’ and ‘utopia’ and implications of ‘modernity’ and ‘tradition’ in each of the three styles.
The Misunderstanding about the Granddaughter (Plut. Cons. ux. 608B)
Authors: Casanova Angelo
Published: October 2020

At the very beginning of the Cons. ux., we gather that the messenger sent by Plutarch’s wife, to tell him about their child’s death, went first to Tanagra and then left for Athens, expecting to meet Plutarch on the way. The meeting, however, did not occur, so that Plutarch only heard of the news παρὰ τῆς θυγατριδῆς, when he arrived at Tanagra. Several scholars maintain that this girl can hardly be a granddaughter of Plutarch (who was about forty at that moment) and assume she might be his niece (i.e. a daughter of one of his brothers); Babut, instead, believes that by this Greek term Plutarch refers to one of his daughters-in-law. This paper discusses the whole problem and suggests a new explication for the misunderstanding concerning the granddaughter who lived in Tanagra.
Reading History Ethically: Plutarch on Alexander’s Murder of Cleitus (Alex. 50-52.2)
Authors: Chrysanthou Chrysanthos S.
Published: October 2020

This paper offers a close reading of Plutarch’s treatment of Alexander’s murder of Cleitus in the Life of Alexander (50-52.2), analyzing the specific narrative techniques that Plutarch employs to draw his readers to reflect on several aspects of Alexander’s character and actively engage them with the complexities involved in the process of moral evaluation. Though Alexander’s murder of Cleitus constitutes a pure stain on Alexander’s moral record, I argue that Plutarch’s narrative offers a repertoire of thought-prompts that further readers’ understanding of Alexander’s character and morally disconcerting actions.
Plutarch’s Omission of Sulla’s Legislative Reforms
Authors: Stadter Philip A.
Published: October 2020

Plutarch in his Life of Sulla hardly mentions Sulla’s extensive legislation after becoming dictator. This article examines this omission. There was no lack of sources for Plutarch, but Plutarch’s own hypomnema for the life may have omitted this material. Plutarch may also have tried to strengthen the comparison and contrast with Lysander, especially in terms of his own ethical purpose, through the omission. Moreover, a major factor would have been Sulla’s apparent omission of his legislation in his Memoirs.
Cambio climático y confort térmico. Efectos en el turismo de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Miró Pérez Juan Javier , Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: October 2020

El cambio climático comienza a manifestar efectos en las actividades económicas de la Comunidad Valenciana. El turismo es una parte fundamental de su economía, puesto que representa el 15% de su PIB regional. La modalidad de "sol y playa" es la principal actividad turística en el territorio valenciano, de ahí la importancia del análisis de las alteraciones que están experimentando los elementos climáticos debido a su efecto en el recurso turístico y en las preferencias de la demanda. La pérdida del "confort climático", el aumento de las noches “tropicales” (Tª > 20ºC), el incremento de la temperaturas del agua de mar Mediterráneo y la adaptación a los extremos atmosféricos (olas de calor, lluvias intensas, sequías) son los principales desafíos en las políticas de adaptación al cambio climático en el turismo valenciano.
Aventuras y desventuras pedagógicas de un ilustrado local: El licenciado Tomás Virto de Vera y la reforma de las escuelas de Corella (1797-1803)
Authors: Laspalas Pérez Javier
Published: October 2020

Sabemos que los ilustrados españoles querían mejorar la instrucción de todos los ciudadanos, pero no es fácil determinar si lograron reformar las escuelas primarias, porque las fuentes locales son escasas y proporcionan pocos datos. Sin embargo, diversos procesos judiciales permiten determinar con precisión qué sucedió a finales del siglo XVIII en Corella, una pequeña ciudad del Reino de Navarra. Fue entonces cuando Tomás Virto de Vera, un miembro de la oligarquía local, pretendió implantar la escolaridad obligatoria. Todo indica que en gran medida fracasó en su empeño y él mismo explicó el motivo: las familias campesinas no consideraban útil que sus hijos aprendieran a leer y escribir. Al mismo tiempo se modernizaron tanto los métodos de enseñanza como el aula escolar, siguiendo directrices típicamente ilustradas. En este terreno, la mejora fue tan evidente que el propio impulsor de los cambios consideró a posteriori que esas medidas eran mucho más apropiadas y efectivas. Al analizar los hechos se comprueba qué fuerzas frenaron la alfabetización en el mundo rural durante siglos.
Los irlandeses en los pleitos de hidalguía del Señorío de Bizkaia. Estudio comparado de fuentes
Authors: Cagigal Montalbán Ekain
Published: October 2020

Los procesos para el avecindamiento de extranjeros en el Señorío de Bizkaia implicaban la presentación y defensa de la hidalguía del solicitante. Estos pleitos involucraban la declaración exhaustiva de la ascendencia y origen del foráneo, así como de su ratificación por parte de testigos. Por ello, tales instrumentos administrativos representan una fuente documental de alto valor histórico para la caracterización socio-demográfica de los grupos de inmigrantes en Bizkaia durante la Edad Moderna. En este caso, se aborda un análisis como el mencionado para el grupo de exiliados católicos irlandeses que durante los siglos XVII y XVIII debieron abandonar su isla huyendo de la conquista y represión inglesa protestante. Así, este estudio complementa y amplía otros previos dirigidos a la confección de un censo de irlandeses en el Señorío de Bizkaia en tal período, y constata la relevancia que este colectivo tuvo en la sociedad vizcaína.
La universidad de San Ignacio de Córdoba (Argentina) en el exilio de Faenza
Authors: Page Carlos A.
Published: October 2020

La enseñanza impartida por los antiguos jesuitas, en sus distintas provincias, tuvo un correlato que se inicia con la Fórmula del Instituto, continuando con sus Constituciones, la Ratio Studiorum y las aprobaciones reales y pontificias logradas para el otorgamiento de grados académicos. La expulsión no significó que esos privilegios fueran empíricamente obstruidos, sino que por el contrario, el exilio lo fue no solo de los jesuitas, sino también de sus ministerios, como el de la educación. Para tal afirmación tomamos el ejemplo de la Universidad de San Ignacio de Córdoba en el virreinato del Perú, cuyo plan de estudio o pensum, se recuperó, primero en Bastia y luego con más certidumbre en Faenza. De esta manera, en su antigua sede de la provincia del Paraguay solo quedó un edificio confiscado, vacío del contenido que le proporcionaron sus profesores y discípulos. Es decir que en 1767 se habían mudado a otro ámbito donde continuaron los estudios.
Improved Loop Execution Modeling in the Clang Static Analyzer
Authors: Szécsi Péter György , Horváth Gábor , Porkoláb Zoltán
Published: October 2020

The LLVM Clang Static Analyzer is a source code analysis tool which aims to find bugs in C, C++, and Objective-C programs using symbolic execution, i.e. it simulates the possible execution paths of the code. Currently the simulation of the loops is somewhat naive (but efficient), unrolling the loops a predefined constant number of times. However, this approach can result in a loss of coverage in various cases. This study aims to introduce two alternative approaches which can extend the current method and can be applied simultaneously: (1) determining loops worth to fully unroll with applied heuristics, and (2) using a widening mechanism to simulate an arbitrary number of iteration steps. These methods were evaluated on numerous open source projects, and proved to increase coverage in most of the cases. This work also laid the infrastructure for future loop modeling improvements.
Educação e a ditadura civil militar: as reformas educacionais e a teoria do capital humano (1964-85)
Authors: Gomes Marco Antônio de Oliveira , Souza Marilsa Miranda de , Pita Crislaine Aparecida , Zanelato Italo Ariel
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre o golpe civil militar de 1964, as reformas educacionais implementadas no período e a Teoria do Capital Humano. No período em tela, o sistema educacional era visto como elemento fundamental para a racionalização e aumento da produtividade. Em termos metodológicos, optamos por uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental do período com a finalidade de desvelar os interesses da burguesia que se materializaram no golpe de Estado. Concluindo assim que a presença de uma perspectiva alicerçada no tecnicismo explica-se não apenas pela ditadura, mas pela hegemonia material burguesa que se traduziu na modernização conservadora das instituições superiores de ensino e precarização da educação para os filhos da classe trabalhadora.
Balbúrdia: a polissemia enquanto interpretante do confronto entre vozes sociais
Authors: Boenavides Débora Luciene Porto
Published: October 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar a polissemia enquanto interpretante dos confrontos entre vozes sociais, tendo como base a teoria dialógica do discurso e a teoria enunciativa de Benveniste. Para isso, verifica-se de que modo a polissemia marca o confronto entre vozes sociais: a) como designação opressora dada pelos grupos dominantes aos oprimidos e como estratégia de revalorização de vocábulos opressores por grupos oprimidos; b) como designação crítica dos grupos dominados aos seus opressores e como tentativa do grupo dominante de revalorizar/neutralizar as denominações críticas dadas a ele pelos grupos oprimidos. Após, observa-se um exemplo contemporâneo do citado fenômeno: a revalorização vocabular da palavra “balbúrdia”, em 2019, por estudantes universitários brasileiros, em resposta a um enunciado polêmico de Abraham Weintraub, enquanto Ministro da Educação da atual gestão. Constata-se que as contradições sociais não se encerram em um ou outro enunciado, devendo ser observadas através do diálogo travado entre as diferentes vozes sociais.
Discursos sobre as ciências humanas no bolsonarismo: da repetição à prática
Authors: De Sousa Alves Alison Sullivan , Vieira da Silva Francisco
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, analisam-se discursos sobre as Ciências Humanas no esteio do movimento social e político denominado de bolsonarismo. O intento é relacionar a repetição de determinadas verdades acerca dessa área do conhecimento com a prática que se revela em ataques institucionais para minimizar esse campo do saber e os sujeitos que nele atuam. Para tanto, busca-se respaldo teórico na perspectiva de Michel Foucault acerca do enunciado, do discurso, da prática discursiva, da formação discursiva, do poder, do saber e da verdade. O corpus de análise percorre diversos enunciados produzidos pelo presidente Bolsonaro, os ex-ministros da Educação e demais apoiadores, os quais tiveram repercussão na mídia digital. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-qualitativo, cuja abordagem segue um viés predominantemente qualitativo. A análise possibilita entrever que a repetição de discursos desfavoráveis às Ciências Humanas revela um projeto de poder autoritário e unilateral que objetiva, sobretudo, minar a emergência de um sujeito crítico que possa contrariar as vontades de verdade da prática discursiva bolsonarista. Na medida em que concebe esse campo do saber como um alvo a ser atingido, como um inimigo em potencial, o projeto bolsonarista se propõe a descaracterizar as pesquisas das Ciências Humanas junto à opinião pública e, com isso, sucatear as instituições de ensino e precarizar a pesquisa científica.
obscurantismo bolsonarista, o neoliberalismo e o produtivismo acadêmico
Authors: Duarte Newton , Alves dos Santos Silvia , Melo Duarte Elaine Cristina
Published: October 2020

As implicações do bolsonarismo para a produção e difusão de conhecimentos nas instituições públicas de ensino superior são analisadas neste artigo por meio do desenvolvimento de três argumentos teóricos. O primeiro deles é o de que o bolsonarismo é parte de um fenômeno sociocultural mais amplo que é o obscurantismo, o que coloca a exigência de compreensão dos processos que alimentam o obscurantismo no mundo todo e no Brasil em particular. O segundo é o de que o obscurantismo, por sua vez, mantém relações não acidentais com o neoliberalismo, entendido este como a forma contemporânea de organização não só da economia, mas de toda a prática social e, por consequência, das diversas dimensões da vida humana. O vetor político e ideológico central do neoliberalismo é o de que a liberdade dos indivíduos só pode ser assegurada por uma sociedade que seja comandada pela espontaneidade do mercado. A defesa neoliberal da liberdade é, na realidade, um aprisionamento da sociedade a uma perspectiva que retira dos seres humanos a possibilidade de fazerem escolhas sobre o futuro da humanidade. Nesse sentido, a luta contra o bolsonarismo pode não alcançar resultados significativos se não for parte da luta pela libertação da sociedade do aprisionamento à lógica de mercado. O terceiro argumento apresentado neste artigo é o de que o produtivismo, como expressão acadêmica do neoliberalismo, configura a produção e difusão do conhecimento nas instituições públicas de ensino superior de maneira favorecedora da penetração do obscurantismo na vida acadêmica.
universidade pública em cenários neoliberais e fascistas: balbúrdias de resistência em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Raic Daniele Farias Freire , Cardoso Marilete Calegari , Pereira Socorro Aparecida Cabral
Published: October 2020

O artigo cartografa as balbúrdias de resistências desenvolvidas pelas universidades públicas brasileiras em cenários pandêmicos. Traz as seguintes questões provocadoras:  quais discursos e ataques neoliberais e fascistas têm sido agenciados pelo bolsonarismo? Em face desses discursos, quais balbúrdias de resistência vêm sendo desenvolvidas pelas universidades públicas? E, quais as contribuições das universidades públicas brasileiras em cenários pandêmicos?  Realiza um mapeamento dos discursos neoliberais e fascistas agenciados pelo bolsonarismo, cujos efeitos se podem ver nos ataques às universidades, e um mapeamento das ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão desenvolvidas pelas universidades públicas brasileiras durante a pandemia. Utilizou-se o método cartográfico e, como dispositivos de produção de informações, foram utilizados documentos oficiais, artigos acadêmicos e jornalísticos, eventos on-line, lives e pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas pelas universidades em cenários de Covid-19. Emergem nesta cartografia as balbúrdias de ensino, de extensão e de pesquisa. Sugere que as universidades públicas brasileiras vêm sofrendo contínuos cortes orçamentários e políticas privatistas, que deixam as condições de funcionamento cada vez mais precárias, além dos constantes ataques pautados em lógicas neoliberais e fascistas, amplamente praticados pela maioria dos interlocutores bolsonaristas.  Verifica-se que, apesar dos ataques sofridos, há um trabalho permanente de resistência diante das concepções e práticas neoliberais e fascistas que encontram abrigo e se disseminam no governo Bolsonaro. Revela o compromisso das universidades públicas com as políticas de inclusão social, de produção e de disseminação do conhecimento, somadas às ações de prevenção e minimização dos impactos sociais da pandemia.
lógica do capital financeiro e sua expressão educacional: a barbárie bolsonarista em ação
Authors: do Prado Ferraz de Carvalho Celso , Eduardo de Oliveira Santos José
Published: October 2020

Este texto analisa os fundamentos teórico-políticos do processo de ascensão, no Brasil, de forças denominadas neoconservadoras, neoliberais, de extrema direita ou, simplesmente, da nova direita, para fins de compreender seus impactos mais evidentes na construção da política educacional no país, em par com uma visão de economia política subsumida à lógica financeira e de interesse das corporações controladoras da circulação do capital. Toma, como exemplo paradigmático de expressão das concepções da nova direita, o contexto ideopolítico mais recente que legitimou e legitima o atual governo federal. Apoia-se tanto em bibliografia acadêmica quanto em produção videográfica, como forma de promover interface de duas fontes de formação de opinião do dinâmico mundo de análise de fatos e concepções que produz ideologia política e impacta a configuração das políticas sociais.
Elinor Ostrom e suas contribuições para a coprodução do conhecimento científico
Authors: Nápoli Mariángela , Naidorf Judith
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho, as ideias de Elinor Ostrom sobre bens comuns (1990, 1996) são recuperadas com o objetivo de analisar suas contribuições para a coprodução do conhecimento científico. A partir de uma abordagem descritiva e analítica baseada em dois de seus trabalhos de pesquisa, são analisadas suas noções em gestão institucional que lhe permitem estabelecer uma relação com os temas da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade ao conceber o conhecimento científico comprometido com o bem-estar social; ao mesmo tempo, permite estabelecer uma possível relação com setores extra-acadêmicos (NAIDORF; VASEN; ALONSO, 2016) que se pretende destacar. Em conclusão, é apresentado um esboço do processo de coprodução como a cristalização de um modelo que parte da noção de ciência colaborativa e relacional. Da mesma forma, defende-se uma mudança na concepção do conhecimento científico na região e expõe-se um caso paradigmático na Argentina que incorpora o papel dos chamados atores extra-acadêmicos: os Projetos de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.