bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Impact of Replacing Meat and Dairy Products with Plant-Based Substitutes
Authors: Tonheim Live Edvardsen , Groufh-Jacobsen Synne , Stea Tonje Holte , Henjum Sigrun
Published: March 2022

Background
An increasing number of people adhere to plant-based diets and the marked for plant-based meat and dairy substitute products is rapidly expanding. However, few studies have examined the nutritional impact of replacing meat and dairy products with plant-based substitutes. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the consumption of plant-based meat and dairy substitutes in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians and pescatarians in Norway and examine the total intake of macronutrients and salt from substitute products.
Method
The study had a cross-sectional design, using single twenty-four-hour dietary recall to assess intake of macronutrients and salt in 158 participants (18–60 years); vegans (n = 88), lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 43) and pescatarians (n = 28) living in the eastern part of Norway.
Results
In total 90%, 68% and 64% of the vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians, respectively, consumed meat or dairy substitutes. The main raw ingredient in the substitute products were soy, followed by oat and peas. Overall, substitute products contributed to 12% of the total energy and 16% of the total salt intake in the diet. The substitute products contributed to a higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in vegans (27% of total SFA intake,) than both lacto-ovo vegetarians (10%) and pescatarians (8%). Moreover, substitute products contributed to a higher intake of proteins in vegans (19%,) compared to pescatarians (7%,). The total macronutrient intake was within NNR recommendations, presenting a favorable distribution of fatty acids in addition to high levels of dietary fiber.
Conclusion
The high consumption of meat and dairy substitutes indicate that these products are regularly included in Norwegian plant-based diets. Substitute products may contribute to the total intake of fat, SFA and protein in vegans.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibition Decreases Cerebral Edema and Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier after Stroke
Authors: Lu Hui , Lin Chin I , Clendaniel Victoria , Matheson Rudy , Fisher Marc , Lo Eng H. , Selim Magdy , Shehadah Amjad
Published: March 2022

Introduction: We have previously shown that selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) decreases infarct volume and improves long-term functional outcomes after stroke. In this study, we examined the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and explored its underlying mechanisms.Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomly treated i.p. with either vehicle or a selective HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP966) at 2 and 24 hours after stroke. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) were calculated at 2 hours, 1 day, and 3 days. H&E and Evans blue dye (EBD) assay were employed to assess cerebral edema and BBB leakage, respectively. Western Blot for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and immunostaining for HDAC3, GFAP, Iba-1, albumin, aquaporin-4, claudin-5, ZO-1, and NF-kappa were performed. Results: Early RGFP966 administration decreased cerebral edema (p=0.002) and BBB leakage, as measured by EBD assay and albumin extravasation (p=0.001). RGFP966 significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-5 and ZO-1) in the peri-infarct area. RGFP966 also significantly decreased HDAC3 expression in GFAP+ astrocytes, which correlated with better mNSS (r=0.67, p=0.03) and decreased cerebral edema (r=0.64, p=0.04). RGFP966 decreased the expression of aquaporin-4 in GFAP+ astrocytes (p=0.002), as well as, the inflammatory markers Iba-1, NF-kappa, and MMP9 in the ischemic brain (p<0.05).Conclusions: Early HDAC3 inhibition decreases cerebral edema and BBB leakage. BBB protection by RGFP966 is mediated in part by the upregulation of tight junction proteins, downregulation of aquaporin-4 and HDAC3 in astrocytes, and decreased neuroinflammation.
Action modes of surfactants on biodegradation of Wudong low-rank coal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wu Hao , Liu Xiangrong , Shi Chen , Yang Jie , Yang Zaiwen , Zhao Shunsheng
Published: March 2022

Adding surfactants is an effective method to improve the biodegradation rate of coal. In this study, the action modes of nonionic Triton X-100, anionic surfactant SDS and cationic surfactant DTAB on the biodegradation of Xinjiang Wudong low-rank coal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. By measuring cell membrane permeability and cell surface hydrophobicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was found that the permeability of cell membrane was enhanced under the action of Triton X-100, and reached the highest at 4 CMC, while SDS and DTAB inhibited the permeability of cell membrane. Cell surface hydrophobicity increased under the influence of Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB and reached a maximum at CMC. According to the effects of surfactants on the degradation rates of coal, it was shown that the improvement of cell membrane permeability could promote the degradation of coal, but the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity could inhibit the degradation of coal. When Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB were all at their optimal concentrations for the growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the coal biodegradation rates reached 78.63 %, 55.93 % and 20.93 %, respectively. The adsorption experiment of bacteria on the coal surface and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment of coal presented that the improvement of permeability of cell membrane was the main factor for Triton X-100 to improve the coal degradation rate, even if it can slightly increase cell surface hydrophobicity. For SDS and DTAB, the decrease of cell membrane permeability and the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity are all not conducive to the biodegradation of coal.
Hip arthroplasty for patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis: a follow-up study
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Shin Won Chul , Woo Seung Hun , Kim Tae Woo , Kim Do Hyung , Suh Kuen Tak
Published: March 2022

An increasing number of chronic renal failure patients are experiencing hip joint disorders. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of hip arthroplasty in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis. Of 2,364 hips that underwent hip arthroplasty, 37 were retrospectively examined. Radiological and clinical outcomes of hip arthroplasty, and development of local and general complications during follow-up and their associations with dialysis duration were analyzed. The mean patient age, follow-up duration, and bone mineral density T-score were 60.6 years, 36.6 months, and − 2.62, respectively. Osteoporosis was noted in 20 cases. Most patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty with a cementless acetabular cup implant exhibited excellent radiological outcomes. There were no changes in femoral stem alignment, subsidence, osteolysis, and loosening. Thirty-three patients had an excellent or good Harris hip score. Complications developed in 18 patients within 1 year postoperatively. General complications developed in 12 patients at > 1 year postoperatively; no patient experienced local complications. In conclusion, hip arthroplasty for chronic renal failure patients on dialysis yielded excellent radiological and satisfactory clinical outcomes but may be associated with postoperative complications. Careful preoperative treatment planning and overall postoperative management are required to reduce the complication risk.
Syndromic surveillance of respiratory-tract infections and hand hygiene practice among pilgrims attended Hajj in 2021: A cohort study
Authors: Mahdi Hashim A. , Rashid Harunor , Qashqari Fadi S. , Hariri Sumyya H. , Marglani Osama A. , Barasheed Osamah , Albutti Aqel , Alwashmi Ameen S. , Shaban Ramon Z. , Booy Robert , Alfelali Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background: This cohort study estimated the incidence of symptomatic respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and hand hygiene compliance with its impact among domestic Hajj pilgrims during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: During the week of Hajj rituals in 2021, pilgrims were recruited by phone and asked to complete a baseline questionnaire. Pilgrims were followed up after seven days using a questionnaire about the development of symptoms, and practices of hand hygiene. Syndromic definitions were used to clinically diagnose ‘possible’ influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 510 pilgrims aged between 18 and 69 (median of 50) years completed the questionnaire, 280 (54.9%) of whom were female, and all of them (except for one) were vaccinated against COVID-19 with at least one dose. The mean (±SD) of pilgrims’ hand hygiene knowledge score (on a scale of 0 to 6) was 4.15 (±1.22), and a higher level of knowledge was correlated with a higher frequency of handwashing using soap and water. Among those 445 pilgrims who completed the follow-up form, 21 (4.7%) developed one or more respiratory symptoms, of which sore throat and cough were the commonest (respectively 76.2% and 42.8%); ‘possible ILI’ and ‘possible COVID-19’ were present in 1.1% and 0.9% of pilgrims. Obesity was found to be a significant factor associated with the risk of developing RTIs (odds ratio = 4.45, 95% confidence interval 1.15–17.13).Conclusion: Hajj pilgrims are still at risk of respiratory infections. Further larger and controlled investigations are needed to assess the efficacy of hand hygiene during Hajj.
Identifying the Role of Excited-State Proton Transfer and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Detecting Hypochlorous Acid for a Benzothiazole-Based Colorimetric Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xiumin , Liu Ziming
Published: March 2022

In this work, the fluorescence mechanism of Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) chemosensor JBD with 2-(20-Hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as fluorophore has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. For JBD probe, the potential energy barrier for the forward excited-state (S 1 ) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is 0.71kcal/mol, while for reversed ESIPT is 8.47kcal/mol. The stability of Keto isomers provides reliable evidence for the existence of two isomers of JBD in S 1 state. Dual fluorescence of JBD has been observed in the experiment, which is a typical feature for the ESIPT. Through the analysis of the change of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) extent, it is found that JBD undergo a significant geometric rearrangement upon photoexcitation, which leads to the large Stokes shift. After adding HOCl, the double emission is closed and the fluorescence disappears. We use hole-electrons to analyze the charge distribution, providing evidence for possibility of ICT processes occurring.
Novel Spectrum Handoff scheme in Cognitive Radio with Multiple Attributes
Authors: PRASAD RESHMI KRISHNA , Jaya T
Published: March 2022

Cognitive radio is a technology that can be used to detect accessible data transmission channels in the wireless spectrum. To avoid user interference and congestion, the cognitive radio is employed. Multiple parameters make up the network, which are used to choose the best network for transmission without delay. The goal of this paper is to investigate and develop a spectrum handoff scheme using MADM (Multiple Attributes Decision Making) methods like simple additive weighting (SAW), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), grey relational analysis (GRA), cost function-based method (CFB), and Enhanced technique for order preference (ETOPSIS). In two different circumstances, the research work has been implemented. In the first scenario, MADM methods were used to implement all four network selection strategies, as well as Enhanced TOPSIS (ETOPSIS). Voice, video, and data services, sometimes called as triple play services, are depending on CR preferences. In cognitive radio networks, the proposed MADM spectrum handoff system will be efficiently implemented to select the best network in line with triple play services. Spectrum management concerns such as spectrum sensing and sharing make CRN networks difficult to manage. As a result, ARODN (Adaptive Rider Optimization with Different Noise) is created in this study to increase energy efficiency for various spectrum sensing circumstances. As a result, in the second example, various noises such as AWGN, Rayleigh, and Nagakami noises are introduced to the receiver signal, and spectrum sensing and sharing are evaluated on the basis of which the bit error rate is depicted (BER). As a result, the suggested approach is used to calculate the bit error rate for three different noise scenarios. MATLAB is used to implement the proposed approach.
Loudness affects motion: Asymmetric volume of auditory feedback results in asymmetric gait in healthy young adults
Authors: Reh Julia , Schmitz Gerd , Hwang Tong-Hun , Effenberg Alfred O.
Published: March 2022

Background: The potential of auditory feedback for motor learning in the rehabilitation of various diseases has become apparent in recent years. However, since the volume of auditory feedback has played a minor role so far and its influence has hardly been considered, we investigate the volume effect of auditory feedback on gait pattern and gait direction and its interaction with pitch.Methods: Thirty-two healthy young participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 16) received a high pitch (150-250 Hz) auditory feedback; group 2 (n = 16) received a lower pitch (95-112 Hz) auditory feedback. The feedback consisted of a real-time sonification of the right and left foot ground contact. After an initial condition (no auditory feedback and full vision), both groups realized a 30-minute habituation period followed by a 30-minute asymmetry period. At any condition, the participants were asked to walk blindfolded and with auditory feedback towards a target at 15 m distance and were stopped 5 m before the target. Three different volume conditions were applied in random order during the habituation period: loud, normal, and quiet. In the subsequent asymmetry period, the three volume conditions baseline, right quiet and left quiet were applied in random order.Results: In the habituation phase, the step width from the loud to the quiet condition showed a significant interaction of volume*pitch with a decrease at high pitch (group 1) and an increase at lower pitch (group 2) (group 1: loud 1.02 ± 0.310, quiet 0.98 ± 0.301; group 2: loud 0.95 ± 0.229, quiet 1.11 ± 0.298). In the asymmetry period, a significantly increased ground contact time on the side with reduced volume could be found (right quiet: left foot 0.988 ± 0.033, right foot 1.003 ± 0.040, left quiet: left foot 1.004 ± 0.036, right foot 1.002 ± 0.033).Conclusions: Our results suggest that modifying the volume of auditory feedback can be an effective way to improve gait symmetry. This could facilitate gait therapy and rehabilitation of hemiparetic and arthroplasty patients, in particular if gait improvement based on verbal corrections and conscious motor control is limited.
Forests and Climate Change: Analysis of local experiences of climate change impacts in Nepal’s community forestry
Authors: Yadav Bhagwan Dutta , Shrestha Krishna Kumar , Acharya Bishnu Prasad , Shrestha Dan Bahadur , Yadav Lal Babu
Published: March 2022

Community management of forests are considered to be vital for responding to Climate Change (CC) impacts. However, the questions of how do local communities perceive climate changes and how or whether their activities contributing to addressing climate change impacts are still widely debated. This paper aims to examine Nepal’s community forestry stakeholders’ experience of Climate Change (CC) impacts. A semi structured questionnaire survey of 310 local households was carried out on 31 Community Forestry User Groups (CFUGs) in Siraha, Saptari and Udaypur in inner Terai and Terai regions, Nepal. We stratified households into rich, medium, poor, and poorest based on their socioeconomic status. The analysis results showed that 59% of local respondents had seen an increase in temperature, heat waves (82.9%) and cold waves (51.6%). Conversely, rainfall intensity (65.8%), fog intensity (47.42%), fuzzy sky (50%) and humidity (36%) had decreased. Socioeconomic conditions, forest and climatic change variables were used as explanatory variables against the dependent variables of CC impacts, rainfall and changed temperatures over the last 40 years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that broadleaf forest type, sky haze and rainfall were positively significantly and temperature, fogs, cold waves, biodiversity and amenity variables were negatively significantly correlated with CC and CFOMP that, in turn, increases the likelihood of affecting the livelihoods of local respondents. Results demonstrated that people’s beliefs and perceptions of CC and the adaptations and mitigating responses are vital for devising effecting policies and practices. We propose a set of models that help linking locals experiences with policy, thereby improving both climate change and forest management policies.
Analysis of hnRNP K Expression and Relevance for Clinical Outcomes in Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tu Xin , Qin Yanming , Zheng Haiping , Ma Caifang , Huang Meifang , Shu Hong , Ou Chao
Published: March 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly seen primary liver cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. Several studies have discovered that the overexpression of Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) was related to poorer prognoses of human tumors like colonic and rectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, stomach cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, its effects on HCC progression and prognosis remains unclear.
Methods
To evaluate the prognostic value of hnRNP K expression, we extracted data from public databases include The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and analysis of clinical specimens via tissue microarrays (TMA). Furthermore, our team utilized TIMER and GEPIA data bases to explore the association between the expression of hnRNP K and infiltration immunocytes and the relevant genetic biomarker sets. Co-expression analysis of hnRNP K in HCC was revealed using R2 bioinformatics tool. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis was completed via these co-expression genes to explore the possible signaling pathways in HCC.
Result
In the study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of hnRNP K was increased in HCC. Higher hnRNP K expression is related to unfavorable survival outcomes and poorer clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC sufferers. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that higher expression of hnRNP K was related to poorer overall survival (OS). Cox regressive analysis verified that hnRNP K was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Moreover, there was a remarkable positive association existed between hnRNP K and the infiltration level of five types of immunocytes include B cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophilic cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Meanwhile, the levels of the majority of immune sets were related to the expression of hnRNP K in HCC. These findings from pathway analysis might reveal the vital effects of hnRNP K and its co-expressed genes on a variety of carcinogenic processes.
Conclusion
Our findings revealed that hnRNP K have potential prognostic value and might be an underlying prognosis biomarker for HCC sufferers.
Gain-controlled Broadband Tuneability in Self-Mode-locked Thulium-doped Fibre Laser Through Variable Feedback
Authors: Kirsch Dennis , Bednyakova Anastasia , Cadier Benoit , Robin Thierry , Chernysheva Maria
Published: March 2022

Broadband wavelength tuneability can ensure a new level of versatility for laser systems and extend areas of their applications. Principle limitations of achieving wide tuning wavelength ranges are generally defined by the spectral bandwidth of the gain and traditional tuneability techniques, relying on electrically controlled or bulk filters, reducing laser efficiency and generation stability. In this work, we present nearly 90 nm tuneability in ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser within the span from 1873 to 1962 nm by implementing variable feedback for efficient control of the excitation level of the active medium and, hence, the gain spectrum. The highest laser efficiency is observed with 20% feedback, while 25% feedback enabled achieving the highest output energy of 1 nJ in 600-fs soliton pulses at 1877 nm central wavelength. By combining the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and population inversion rate equations for the gain medium, the developed numerical model helps to unveil nonlinear pulse evolution under the influence of dynamically varying gain spectrum. The resulting laser system presents a compact and straightforward approach to achieve laser generation with a broad range tuneability of wavelength and operation regimes, which is not impaired by the limitations on laser stability or power performance and can be translated to other wavelength ranges.
Evaluation of polycarbonate additive manufacturing molds for autoclave molding.
Authors: Takeda Osamu , Suzuki Keita , Nakajima Ryoichi , Maeda Kei , Gonjo Tomohiro , Fujii Norihisa
Published: March 2022

In Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) molding, molds made of metal or epoxy resin blocks are commonly used, but the production time and material costs are high and not suitable for prototyping and small volume production. 3D printed molds have the potential to overcome these limitations, which would also enable frequent mold shape adjustment. The present study aimed to investigate the viability of the treated product as a mold for autoclave molding and establish a simple surface treatment method for additive manufacturing products produced by Fused Deposition Modeling. Polycarbonate resin was used to manufacture laminated male molds for the upper core and midsole of shoes, and the surface of the molds was treated with three different methods (clamping, treatment by aluminum tape and fluorine tape). The deformation of the molds due to autoclave molding was investigated by comparing the male molds before and after autoclave molding and computer-aided design data. In the clamping treatment, it was difficult to remove the mold after autoclave molding due to resin getting into the mold and fiber exposure due to resin loss was also observed. In the aluminum tape treatment, the midsole mold was deformed. On the other hand, the fluorine tape treatment enabled easy mold removal, and little deformation and weight change of the molds were observed. The results of this study suggest that the using laminated products made of polycarbonate resin can be used as molds for autoclave molding when combined with pre-treatment using fluorine tape.
Revealing the shallow characteristics of dome structures by deep reflection surface wave imaging — A study on the Cuonadong dome
Authors: Wang Guangwen , Lu Zhanwu , Li Wenhui , Xue Shuai , Wang Haiyan , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Si , Cai Wei
Published: March 2022

As interference waves in deep reflection data processing, surface waves are often suppressed as noise, but surface waves carry considerable underground media information, including structural information and the physical properties of rocks. Reasonable extraction and use of surface wave signals are of great significance for studying the underground structure, regional velocity characteristics, and physical properties of rocks. The deep reflection data are collected using large offsets, trail spacing, and explosive sources. The surface wave energy tends to be stronger, and the high-frequency surface wave signal is abundant. After extraction and inversion, the shallow high-precision shear wave velocity structure can be obtained. Near the Cuonadong dome in the southern Tibet detachment system (STDS), a large number of leucogranites are developed in the core, containing important rare metal minerals and high metallogenic potential. However, the research degree is relatively low, especially for the shallow part. In this paper, we use deep reflection data from a profile through the Cuonadong dome to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the shallow 0-1.5 km layer by extracting the surface wave fundamental-order dispersion curve and inversion. Combined with the regional geological and geomagnetic data, we explained the variation in the sedimentary layer thickness of the Cuonadong dome; speculate that there may be several hidden faults in the Cuonadong dome that extend shallowly; revealed the high-velocity anomaly and its characteristics under the Cuonadong dome. These understandings of the structure and velocity field of the Cuonadong dome can provide a powerful geophysical basis for establishing the dome structure model and searching for hidden ore bodies.
Fruit trait and seed size measurements and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Kazakhstan melon as an example of melon development on the Silk Road
Authors: Kato Kenji , Tanaka Katsunori , Sugiyama Mitsuhiro , Shigita Gentaro , Murakami Ryoma , Duong Thanh-Thuy , Aierken Yasheng , Artemyeva Anna M , Mamypbelov Zharas , Ishikawa Ryuji , Nishida Hidetaka
Published: March 2022

Melons from the famous Silk Road have not been studied for their population structure, phylogenetic relationship, and diversity, which suggests their need for genetic study and breeding. Measurements of fruit and seed traits and a phylogenetic analysis of five chloroplast genome markers, 17 RAPD markers and 11 SSR markers were conducted for 87 Kazakh melon accessions with reference accessions. Fruit weight and shape was highly variable across Kazakh melons and was highly correlated with fruit length, fruit width, and pulp thickness. Fruit length could characterize Kazakh melon groups, while pulp thickness associated with fruit width was conserved due to culinary use, as was pulp sweetness. Molecular phylogeny showed that two unique genetic groups, STIa-2 with Ib-1/-2 cytoplasm and STIa-1 with Ib-3 cytoplasm, and one admixed group, STIAD combined with STIa and STIb, were prevalent across all Kazakh melon groups. STIAD melons that phylogenetically overlapped with STIa-1 and STIa-2 melons were frequent in the eastern Silk Road region, including Kazakhstan. Evidently, a small population contributed to melon development and variation in the historical record of the eastern Silk Road. Conscious preservation of fruit traits specific to Kazakh melon groups, with andromonoecy, is thought to play a role in the conservation of Kazakh melon genetic variation during melon production, where hybrid progenies were generated through open pollination. This overview of fruit phenotypic and molecular variation supports the belief that recurrent selection for edible parts after crop domestication involves varietal variation.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Conflict and Health System–Related Violent Events in Libya: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Lin Tracy Kuo , Werner Kalin , Hamza Mariam , Herbst Christopher
Published: March 2022

Background
As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Nations Security Council passed resolution S/RES2532 (2020), requesting the cessation of hostilities. Despite initiatives for a ceasefire, descriptive evidence suggests that both conflict and violent events have remained unabated—and, in some cases, escalated during the first months of the pandemic. This study incorporates a longer time frame than previous studies to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent and non-violent political events—including health system-related violence—in Libya, which has been experiencing a protracted conflict since 2014.
Methods
We analyze data on violent and non-violent political events that took place from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2021 in Libya. The study conducts descriptive statistics on event counts, using a Chi-square test and a Kruskal-Wallis H test. We use an interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of the pandemic—both short and long term—on the incidence of violent and non-violent political events in Libya.
Results
We find a reduction of approximately 21 battles (p < 0.001) during only the first month of the pandemic. However, overall, throughout the pandemic, there was an increase of roughly one battle per month (p < 0.001). The pandemic is associated with a reduction in the number of riots (− 0.29, p < 0.05) and strategic developments (− 0.72, p < 0.05). In the first year of the pandemic, the number of overall fatalities per month dropped significantly (− 31.67, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, during the second year of the pandemic, this trend reverted to an increase of approximately 42 fatalities per month (p < 0.05). The violence that affected healthcare workers decreased during the first year of the pandemic (p < 0.001), but by the second year the reduction in healthcare worker–related violence had dissipated.
Conclusions
There is an immediate decline in battles and fatalities during the earlier period of the pandemic; however, these declines do not last long. This pattern is a troubling one, particularly since it is observed while there is an international agreement for a ceasefire in place and a specific peace agreement occurring in Libya.
Increased level of Complement C3 in patients with osteoporosis and enhanced osteogenic ability in osteoblasts with Complement component 3 knockdown
Authors: Yu Yang , Tong Minghao , Tang Binbin , Shi Xiaolin , Liu Kang
Published: March 2022

Objective(s):Complement C3 has the potential to impact bone homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in serum Complement C3 levels between osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients, as well as how Complement C3 silencing impacts and works on osteoblast osteogenesis.Materials and Methods: 58 people who underwent dual energy X-ray bone mineral densit(BMD) measurement in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from June to September 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the classification of BMD t value, the subjects were divided into 31 cases in osteoporosis group and 27 cases in non- osteoporosis group. Complement C3 levels were recorded. and compared between the two groups. Then, the Complement C3 knockdown lentivirus was used to transfect Raji. The Raji-osteoblast line MG63 co-culture system was constructed after the stable strain was screened. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of MG63, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was used to evaluate the osteogenic ability of MG63, and RT-PCR was used to assess the expression level of osteoprotegerin（OPG）of MG63.Results:Complement C3 levels in osteoporosis patients' serum are elevated，the proliferation level and osteogenic ability of MG63 were improved in Complement C3 knockdown Raji-osteoblast MG63 co-culture system. Furthermore, OPG expression in MG63 was enhanced.Conclusion:To sum it up, the level of Complement C3 in the serum of osteoporosis patients is elevated.Knocking down Complement C3 boost osteoblast osteogenic ability, which may be achieved by controlling OPG / RANKL / RANK system.
Genetic Link Between Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Fan Junyu , Jiang Ting , He Dongyi
Published: March 2022

Background
Although observational studies have shown that primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently coincide, it is unclear whether a causative relationship exists between the two diseases. This study aimed to assess the causal associations between PBC and RA.
Methods
We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Following a strict assessment, genome-wide association study datasets were used to select potential candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine whether the MR results were affected by heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
Results
We found that genetically increased PBC risk had a positive causal effect on RA (inverse-variance weighted odds ratio [IVW OR] 1.149, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.063–1.241, P < 0.001). Horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to influence causation according to the MR-Egger regression (intercept=-0.028, P = 0.263). Sensitivity analyses using the leave-one-out method further confirmed that the MR analysis results were reliable and robust. In contrast, the reverse MR analysis found no evidence of a causal effect of RA on PBC (IVW OR 1.132, 95% CI 0.881–1.454, P = 0.333).
Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence that PBC has a unidirectional effect on RA in the European population. Given the increased risk of PBC in RA and both being autoimmune conditions, awareness and thorough screening are imperative in clinical practice.
Relationship Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Erythema Nodosum and Psoriasis: Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Lu Jianhua , Liang Danna , Sun Weijian , Zhao Shengsheng , Ye Chuyuan , Chen Bozhen , Chen Jiangnan
Published: March 2022

Background
Erythema nodosum and psoriasis are two prevalent extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Erythema nodosum usually appears before or after the onset of IBD. Therefore, it has to be studied whether there is an association between erythema nodosum, psoriasis, and IBD, and their causal relationship remains to be explored.
Methods
To choose acceptable instruments, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with exposure, a series of quality control measures were used in our study. We utilized several robust analytical methods (inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression) based on different assumptions of two-sample MR analysis to obtain more robust and reliable conclusions. To assess the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of these genetic variants on erythema nodosum, MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis were performed.
Results
Our two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis, exposure GWAS aggregate, and GWAS aggregate results showed a positive association between IBD and erythema nodosum and psoriasis, consistent with many published observational studies, but our calculations revealed no statistical difference between the two.
Conclusion
MR estimations showed no significant association between inflammatory bowel disease and erythema nodosum (OR = 1.069; P > 0.05) and psoriasis (OR = 1.014; P > 0.05). Therefore, further research is required to understand better the relationship between IBD and erythema nodosum and psoriasis.
Organic Radish Yield, Economics and Soil Properties as Affected by Biochar in Subtropical Inceptisol
Authors: Nazir Jasiya , Sharma Peeyush , Abrol Vikas , Srinivas Ch. , Samnotra Ravi , Sharma Vikas , Kumar Satesh , Anand Shrdha
Published: March 2022

Rapid decomposition of organic manure and utilization of rice husk waste are the two major issues in improving soil and environment quality. However, information regarding biochar effects on aggregate associated carbon, water retention, and bulk density are limited in high water demanding organically grown vegetable crop. In this experiment we have studied effect of rice husk biochar and compost (FYM, vermicompost) alone and in combination in two factorial randomized block design with three replicates on soil properties, economics and yield of radish crop in sandy clay loam soil. Increased soil moisture, infiltration rate and mean weight diameter, aggregate associated carbon and reduced bulk density and penetration resistance were recorded in biochar and compost amended plots relative to control. 1.14, 2.54 times higher WUE and 1.13, 2.53 times higher root yield were recorded in treatments receiving biochar and manure (FYM+VC) as compared to without biochar and manure (OM0), respectively. While sole application of biochar did not have any significant effect on soil properties and growth performance of radish. Our results suggest that biochar addition with manure is effective tool to improve soil structure, WUE, economics and yield of radish.
Comparative Clinical Outcome Following Individualized Follitropin Delta Dosing In Chinese Women Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation For In Vitro Fertilization /Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhang Yunshan , Liang Xiaoyan , Song Xueru , Wei Zhaolian , Liu Jianqiao , Yang Yezhou , Tan Jichun , Zhang Qingxue , Sun Yingpu , Wang Wei , Qian Weiping , Jin Lei , Wang Shuyu , Xu Yang , Yang Jing , Goethberg Marie , Mannaerts Bernadette , Wu Wen , Zheng Zugeng , Qiao Jie
Published: March 2022

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta in its individualized fixed-dose regimen with follitropin alfa in a conventional adjustable dosing regimen in Chinese women.Methods: This was a subgroup analysis of the randomized, multi-center, assessor-blind, non-inferiority trial (GRAPE) including 759 Chinese women (aged 20-40 years) recruited in 16 reproductive medicine clinics in China. Women were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to be treated with either follitropin delta dosed based on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and body weight or conventional dosing with follitropin alfa following a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate assessed 10-11 weeks after embryo transfer in the fresh cycle (non-inferiority margin -10.0%).Results: 378 women in the follitropin delta group and 381 in the follitropin alfa group were randomized and exposed. Non-inferiority was confirmed with respect to ongoing pregnancy with rates of 31.0% vs. 25.7% for follitropin delta compared to follitropin alfa, estimated mean difference of 5.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.3% to 11.5%). The individualized follitropin delta dosing algorithm resulted in lower follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dose for both the total microgram dose (76.7 ± 23.8 µg vs. 110.4 ± 31.2 µg, P<0.001) and average daily dose (8.5 ± 2.3 µg/day vs. 12.4 ± 1.5 µg/day, P<0.001), optimized ovarian response with lower number of oocytes retrieved (10.3 ± 6.2 vs. 12.5 ± 7.5, P<0.001) and lower incidence of early ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS) and/or preventive interventions (6.1% vs. 11.0%, P=0.013). A daily follitropin delta dose of 10.2 µg (95% CI: 9.3 - 11.2 µg) was estimated to provide the same number of oocytes retrieved as a starting dose of 150 IU/d of follitropin alfa. Conclusion: Follitropin delta in its individualized fixed-dose regimen showed similar efficacy and improved safety compared with follitropin alfa in a conventional adjustable dosing regimen in Chinese women.Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03296527.
The crop residue conundrum: maintaining long-term soil organic carbon stocks while reinforcing the bioeconomy, compatible endeavors?
Authors: Andrade Christhel , Clivot Hugues , Albers Ariane , Zamora-Ledezma Ezequiel , Hamelin Lorie
Published: March 2022

Crop residues are key to supply carbon to the bioeconomy without interfering with food security. However, it is often suggested to export no more than half of this potential to ensure the maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. In this study, we challenge this idea by assessing how the residues use for the bioeconomy is intertwined with the maintenance of long-term SOC stocks, and thus the amount that can safely be harvested. We considered the coproduct return to the soil from five bioeconomy scenarios: i) pyrolysis biochar, ii) gasification biochar, iii) hydrothermal liquefaction hydrochar, iv) anaerobic digestion digestate, and v) lignocellulosic ethanol molasses. To compare the long-term SOC changes from these scenarios against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, in which crop residues are left unharvested, we developed an original framework coupling a SOC model with a bioeconomy module, that we applied at high spatial resolution to cover over 60,000 combinations of crop rotations and pedoclimatic units over France, for 2020–2120. The SOC model was adapted to consider the recalcitrance to degradation of each coproduct, while the bioeconomy module determines the share of carbon from the crop residues allocated to the coproducts. Our results show that crop residues could be completely harvested if biochar from pyrolysis or gasification is returned to soils, with SOC expected to double as compared to the BAU scenario. Replacing crop residues with hydrochar was shown to increase SOC stocks in 87% of the areas (max + 8%), while the digestate scenario predicted minor SOC increases in 50% of the areas (max + 0.76%) and decreases in 40% of the areas (min − 4%). The molasses scenario yielded SOC losses in all the areas and is thus not recommended as a C maintenance strategy. Excluding these, an additional amount of 60.4–191 PJ of crop residues (use-dependent) could be available for the French bioeconomy in comparison to applying a universal removal rate of 31.5%.
Current Challenges to Adolescent Well-being
Authors: Jeevar Vincent , Chapman-Little Bonneta , Jackson Sarah
Published: March 2022

Mental health problems are increasing among adolescents with depression, anxiety, and multiple areas where self-esteem is negatively impacted on the rise. Dangers of social media use include social comparison and the risk of not receiving positive feedback. This study focused on a review of previous research literature and used data supplied by RemedyLive. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of social media on an adolescent’s well-being. The data were provided and complied by RemedyLive with all individual user data scrubbed. RemedyLive is an organization offering support to students in middle and high school around the United States. RemedyLive operates the ‘Get Schooled Tour’, giving talks in schools and asking students to respond to questions regarding family, friends, school, and other areas that may influence mental health. The findings suggest that school and homework are top stressors for students, with 35% of high school students reporting high levels of anxiety. There are numerous concerns with social media relating to increases in depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. The content, especially on Instagram, significantly lowers mental health, However, with 60% of students reporting 4 or more hours of non-academic screen time each day there is less time being spent on productive and academic tasks. The conclusion of the research points to a concerning relationship between social media platforms and decreasing adolescent mental health that suggest the dangers of social media are indirect and often unnoticed by adolescents and young adults. An ongoing analysis of social media on development is recommended for further investigation to determine the long-term effects.
Elucidating intramuscular neural distribution of the quadratus lumborum muscle to propose an optimal trigger point injection for myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Lee Kyu-Lim , Lee Ji-Hyun , An Min-Ho , Kim Heon-Soo , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: March 2022

Postural habits and repetitive motion contribute towards the progress of myofascial pain by affecting overload on specific muscles, the quadratus lumborum muscle being the most frequently involved. The therapy of myofascial pain syndrome includes the release of myofascial pain syndrome using injective agents such as botulinum neurotoxin, lidocaine, steroids, and normal saline. However, an optimal injection point has not been established for the quadratus lumborum muscle. This study aimed to propose an optimal injection point for this muscle by studying its intramuscular neural distribution using the whole mount staining method. A modified Sihler’s procedure was completed on 15 quadratus lumborum muscles to visualize the intramuscular arborization areas in terms of the inferior border of the 12th rib, the transverse processes of L1-L4, and the iliac crest. The intramuscular neural distribution of the quadratus lumborum had the densely arborized areas in the three lateral portions of L3-L4 and L4-L5 and the medial portion between L4 and L5.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis, characterization and computational studies of 2-amino-4-substituted thiazoles, their divalent nickel and cobalt complexes and molecular docking studies of their ligands as potent μ-opioid receptor agonists
Authors: Sarıkavaklı Nursabah , Söyleyici Hakan C. , Erol Fatma , Omara Timothy
Published: March 2022

In this study, some 2-amino-4-substituted thiazole derivatives (TH1-TH5) and ligands (L1H and L2H) were synthesized from the reaction of TH1 and TH3 with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde which were complexed with divalent nickel and cobalt chloride salts to yield complexes: Ni(L1H)2, Co(L1H)2, Ni(L2H)2 and Co(L2H)2. The structure of the compounds was established on the basis of analytical and spectral (1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR) data. Computational studies of the derivatives and molecular docking of the ligands were done to establish the potential of the ligands as µ-opioid receptor agonists. The derivatives were successfully synthesized and the total and relative total energies of the tautomeric forms indicated that the enol-imine form was the most stable, which was consistent with NMR results. Molecular docking showed that ligand L1H had the best binding energy (-6.81 Kcal/mol) with an inhibition constant of 10.25. The molecular docking results offer an insight on the structural basis for the comprehension of ligand-binding with µ-opioid receptor which can be harnessed for guiding analgesic drug design based on these derivatives.
Probiotics (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082) supplementation relieves ulcerative colitis by affecting intestinal barrier functions, immunity-related genes expression, gut microbiota, and metabolic pathways in mice
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Jha Rajesh , Li Ao , Liu Huanwei , Zhang Zeng , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhai Qixiao , Zhang Jiachao
Published: March 2022

Background: As a chronic relapsing disease, probiotic treatment of ulcerative colitis can avoid resistance and side effects of conventional treatment, but its mechanism of action is unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of potential probiotics Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 (Lp082) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.Results: The results showed that the intake of Lp082 increased body weight, water intake, food intake, colon length, and reduced disease activity index, immune organ index, inflammatory markers, and histopathological score. Lp082 strengthened the biological barrier by improving the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increasing the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria and SCFAs content, and enhancing the metabolic pathway of SCFAs. Lp082 improved the chemical barrier by increasing the goblet cells and mucin-2 and decreasing the ICAM-1 and VCAM. Lp082 enhanced the mechanical barrier by increasing the mRNA expression of ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin and decreasing claudin-1 and claudin-2. Lp082 strengthened the immune barrier by reducing the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MPO, IFN-γ and increasing the IL-10, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2. Lp082 also affected gene expression in mice, including that it inhibited the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-1α, Ereg, Cdc7, and others. Thus inhibited the biological processes such as IL-1β production, IL-6 production, acute inflammatory response, and promoted the expression of genes Isg15, Prg2, Abcc2, thus boosting the biological processes such as IL-10 production and drug transport. The differentially expressed genes in DSS group were primarily enriched in the disease-related KEGG pathways but were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathway associated with platelet activated autophagy in animals in Lp082 group. Lp082 also inhibited the mRNA expression of NF-κB1, NF-κB2, COX-2, iNOS, Toll-4, and others, thus suppressing the NK-KB pathways.Conclusions: Shotgun metagenomic and transcriptome analysis revealed that Lp082 could relieve ulcerative colitis, protect the intestinal mucosal barrier through SCFAs, regulate gene expression and signaling pathways. The study provides new clues to reveal the complex mechanisms of the gut barriers and genes in relieving ulcerative colitis.