bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moralizing and Deliberating in Financial Blogging. Moral Debates in Blog Communication During the Financial Crisis 2008
Authors: Venema Rebecca , Averbeck-Lietz Stefanie
Published: November 2017

The public engagement with the financial crisis sparked in 2008 is a process of (re)discussing, (re)negotiating and communicatively (re)constructing norms, values and ethics. Several studies show that debates on causes and solutions are often related to explicit and implicit references to norms and values. However, the concrete way in which norms and values are communicatively constructed is mostly neglected in research. Integrating approaches of deliberation and moralization research, the chapter provides a detailed discussion of moral debates, communicative practices and mechanisms of constructions of norms and values in financial blog communication. The findings reveal two central aspects: First, the actors’ engagement with the crisis is not limited to the financial crisis itself but also deals with norms of public communication. Second, they show the interplay of commingled practices of moralizing and deliberating. The chapter underlines that research on (moral) public debates requires the consideration of both moralization and deliberation as crucial concepts for a comprehensive analysis of public social negotiations and their dynamics of interaction.
Paper Versus School Information Management Systems: Governing the Figurations of Mediatized Schools in England and Germany
Authors: Breiter Andreas , Ruhe Arne Hendrik
Published: November 2017

The chapter focuses on a cross-national comparison of mediatized schools in Germany and England. Based on the assumption that both school systems follow the same goal of providing good school education, the question arises as to why the mediatized equipment is so different. Our empirical results show that English schools are far more mediatized, exhibiting a higher number of computers, notebooks and tablets in schools as well as digital systems and services. Non-mediatized communication forms dominate in German schools with a high usage of pen and paper or pigeon holes. The different mediatized practices also affect communication with pupils and parents, following the same characteristics as inter-teacher communication. On the other hand, teachers in both countries emphasize the importance of face-to-face contact and direct personal communication. One reason for the differences may be founded in the different educational governance of both countries.
Communicative Figurations and Cross-Media Research
Authors: Schrøder Kim Christian
Published: November 2017

Inspired by the contributions to this volume, and anchored in recent theories of mediatization, this postscript reflects on the achievements and potentials of the figurational approach in cross-media communication studies. Seeing the volume as a demonstration of the development of the figurational approach from a helpful heuristic lens to a mature operational theoretical framework, the postscript exemplifies this development through a description of three of the book’s case studies. It is suggested that the figurational approach may benefit from building a more precise consensus about what constitutes a core research agenda for cross-media research under conditions of mediatization. Finally, based on a chapter which is purely methodological, the postscript discusses the validity of different qualitative interview designs for the non-mediacentric study of cross-media use.
Communicative Figurations: Towards a New Paradigm for the Media Age?
Authors: Kuipers Giselinde
Published: November 2017

This chapter discusses the theoretical contributions made in this volume, asking three questions. First, does the figurational approach introduced here allow us to see things that we previously did not? Secondly, how does the new figurational approach relate to the figurational approach as developed by Elias and his followers? Thirdly, is this the beginning of a new paradigm that bridges media and social theory? The chapter concludes that the ‘communicative figurations’ approach shows great promise as this paradigm successfully integrates media studies and social theory. It coins a number of useful concepts, and provides a coherent methodological framework. Compared with current figurational approaches in sociology, its theorization of power is rather weak; but the notions of mediation, frames of relevance and nested figurations are important innovations.
Species effects of bryophyte colonies on tree seeding regeneration on coarse woody debris
Authors: Fukasawa Yu , Ando Yoko
Published: November 2017

Although the importance of bryophyte colonies on tree seedling establishment on downed logs is widely known, the mechanisms of how various bryophyte species affect seedlings are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between bryophyte community (colony coverage and thickness of each species) and tree seedlings growing on logs along the decay process. In an old‐growth subalpine coniferous forest dominated by spruce, juvenile seedling density of spruce on downed logs was positively associated with the coverage of a liverwort Scapania bolanderi and the thickness of the bryophyte colonies, but was negatively associated with the coverage of a moss Hylocomium splendens. Coverage of S. bolanderi was also associated with shoot length of spruce seedlings, but this effect was negative. Coverage of S. bolanderi increased with log decay and became the most dominant species in the penultimate stage of log decomposition, but was replaced by thicker H. splendens in the final decay stage. These results suggested that S. bolanderi colonies, dominant only in the mid‐stage of log decomposition, may indicate a ‘window of time’ for spruce seedlings to colonize on logs in this old‐growth subalpine coniferous forest. Thus, when trying to understand sustainable regeneration mechanisms in subalpine forests, this interaction should be considered.
Peer motivational climate and character development: Testing a practitioner‐developed youth sport model
Authors: Agans Jennifer P. , Su Shaobing , Ettekal Andrea Vest
Published: November 2017

Youth sport is a key developmental context for many reasons, including the opportunities it provides for building relationships with peers and its potential to support character development. Peers can influence adolescent sport experiences and shape their motivations, and different peer motivational climates may differentially support athlete character. Established models identify different dimensions of peer motivational climate, yet these models do not describe how aspects of peer climate may align with character. We therefore assess profiles of peer motivational climate in relation to a multi‐dimensional practitioner‐developed theoretical model for character development through sport. Participants were 655 adolescent athletes from the greater Boston area, in the United States. Athletes perceiving a mastery‐involved peer climate, even with high intra‐team competition, were most likely to exhibit positive character attributes at the three levels of character assessed: themselves, their teammates, and the game. This study also demonstrates the utility of practitioner‐developed models for adolescent research.
Challenges of implementing a standardized process for discharge summaries (5 years experience)
Authors: Almidani Eyad , Qudair Ahmad , Khadawardi Emad , Alshareef Turki , Shoura Sami , Alobari Rania , Alhajjar Sami , Almofada Saleh
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

Discharge summaries are essential documents to provide a long-lasting record of a patient's visit to a hospital. It provides an effective method of communication between various hospital services and primary care providers.

We conducted a study recently in KFSH&RC recommending that every admitted patient to the Pediatric Department must have a discharge summary initiated as soon as possible within the first five days of hospitalization and to be updated periodically until its completion on the patient's discharge day. Results of this study showed that most of the patients received their discharge summaries within the time limit as recommended by the JCIA standard.

Objectives:

The aim of this paper is to present our department's experience in regard to the difficulties, challenges, and outcomes of the adopted work flow for discharge summaries over a period of five years.

Methods:

The residents have been instructed to initiate the discharge summaries as soon as possible within the first five days of hospitalization for every patient admitted under the Department of Pediatrics regardless of the expected discharge date. Afterward, it will be the responsibility of the attending junior and senior residents to update the summaries on regular basis as long as the patient under their care. They should transfer the updated summary to the coming resident that will take over the medical care until the discharge day when the most recent update will be forwarded to the attending consultant for final review and signature.

Results:

Between 2011 and 2016, a significant drop in the number of delinquent records was noted. From 1131 delinquent records at the end of the fourth quarter of 2011, the number has fallen to 15 in the fourth quarter of 2016. Furthermore, compliance to JCIA documentation standards showed sustained improvement since the initiation of the project. The department used to score around 50% in the discharge documentation compliance rate which has improved to be maintained around 80%s in average.

Conclusions:

Every new project concerning the quality of patient care provided in any institution is expected to face multiple challenges and difficulties. Proper identifications of the challenges, standardize approach for solutions, sustainability of quality monitoring for an improvement projects can maintain the success for any new project.
The Next Generation of U.S.-Africa Trade Instruments
Authors: Claussen Kathleen
Published: November 2017

This essay examines the challenges and opportunities for regional trade lawmaking in the U.S.-Africa relationship. On the eve of the conclusion of an African continental free trade agreement, the U.S. trade law relationship with the continent remains focused on regional groups. Questions remain as to whether the existing trade law regime offers the flexibility necessary to accommodate alternative models to free trade agreements that may best serve the needs of African and U.S. constituencies. The essay proceeds in four parts. First, I sketch the current state of play in U.S.-Africa trade relations. Next, I outline how the U.S. and African approaches to trade lawmaking have differed. I then turn to two sets of challenges—one domestic and one international—that may impede innovation in developing a U.S.-Africa trade law relationship consistent with African interests. Finally, the essay concludes with an exploration of possible alternatives and issues not yet considered in the transcontinental dialogue on trade.
From the divergence between two measures to the shortest path between two observables
Authors: ABADI MIGUEL , LAMBERT RODRIGO
Published: November 2017

We consider two independent and stationary measures over $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}^{\mathbb{N}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$ is a finite or countable alphabet. For each pair of $n$-strings in the product space we define $T_{n}^{(2)}$ as the length of the shortest path connecting one of them to the other. Here the paths are generated by the underlying dynamic of the measures. If they are ergodic and have positive entropy we prove that, for almost every pair of realizations $(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$, $T_{n}^{(2)}/n$ is concentrated in one, as $n$ diverges. Under mild extra conditions we prove a large-deviation principle. We also show that the fluctuations of $T_{n}^{(2)}$ converge (only) in distribution to a non-degenerate distribution. These results are all linked to a quantity that computes the similarity between those two measures. This is the so-called divergence between two measures, which is also introduced. Several examples are provided.
A problem of Ulam about magnetic fields generated by knotted wires
Authors: ENCISO ALBERTO , PERALTA-SALAS DANIEL
Published: November 2017

In the context of magnetic fields generated by wires, we study the connection between the topology of the wire and the topology of the magnetic lines. We show that a generic knotted wire has a magnetic line of the same knot type, but that given any pair of knots there is a wire isotopic to the first knot having a magnetic line isotopic to the second. These questions can be traced back to Ulam in 1935.
Cocycle rigidity of partially hyperbolic abelian actions with almost rank-one factors
Authors: VINHAGE KURT
Published: November 2017

We extend the recent progress on the cocycle rigidity of partially hyperbolic homogeneous abelian actions to the setting with rank-one factors in the universal cover. The method of proof relies on the periodic cycle functional and analysis of the cycle structure, but uses a new argument to give vanishing.
Attributable Cost ofClostridium difficileInfection in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mehrotra Preeti , Jang Jisun , Gidengil Courtney , Sandora Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES

The attributable cost ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) in children is unknown. We sought to determine a national estimate of attributable cost and length of stay (LOS) of CDI occurring during hospitalization in children.

DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed discharge records of patients between 2 and 18 years of age from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Kids’ Inpatient Database. We created a logistic regression model to predict CDI during hospitalization based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Predicted probabilities from the logistic regression model were then used as propensity scores to match 1:2 CDI to non-CDI cases. Charges were converted to costs and compared between patients with CDI and propensity-score–matched controls. In a sensitivity analysis, we adjusted for LOS as a confounder by including it in both the propensity score and a generalized linear model predicting cost.

RESULTS

We identified 8,527 pediatric hospitalizations (0.53%) with a diagnosis of CDI and 1,597,513 discharges without CDI. In our matched cohorts, the attributable cost of CDI occurring during a hospitalization ranged from $1,917 to $8,317, depending on whether model was adjusted for LOS. When not adjusting for LOS, CDI-associated hospitalizations cost 1.6 times more than non-CDI associated hospitalizations. Attributable LOS of CDI was approximately 4 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Clostridium difficileinfection in hospitalized children is associated with an economic burden similar to adult estimates. This finding supports a continued focus on preventing CDI in children as a priority. Pediatric CDI cost analyses should account for LOS as an important confounder of cost.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1472–1477
The three-dimensional structure of swirl-switching in bent pipe flow
Authors: Hufnagel Lorenz , Canton Jacopo , Örlü Ramis , Marin Oana , Merzari Elia , Schlatter Philipp
Published: November 2017

Swirl-switching is a low-frequency oscillatory phenomenon which affects the Dean vortices in bent pipes and may cause fatigue in piping systems. Despite thirty years worth of research, the mechanism that causes these oscillations and the frequencies that characterise them remain unclear. Here we show that a three-dimensional wave-like structure is responsible for the low-frequency switching of the dominant Dean vortex. The present study, performed via direct numerical simulation, focuses on the turbulent flow through a $90^{\circ }$ pipe bend preceded and followed by straight pipe segments. A pipe with curvature 0.3 (defined as ratio between pipe radius and bend radius) is studied for a bulk Reynolds number $Re=11\,700$, corresponding to a friction Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\approx 360$. Synthetic turbulence is generated at the inflow section and used instead of the classical recycling method in order to avoid the interference between recycling and swirl-switching frequencies. The flow field is analysed by three-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) which for the first time allows the identification of the source of swirl-switching: a wave-like structure that originates in the pipe bend. Contrary to some previous studies, the flow in the upstream pipe does not show any direct influence on the swirl-switching modes. Our analysis further shows that a three-dimensional characterisation of the modes is crucial to understand the mechanism, and that reconstructions based on two-dimensional POD modes are incomplete.
Global stability of buoyant jets and plumes
Authors: Chakravarthy R. V. K. , Lesshafft L. , Huerre P.
Published: November 2017

The linear global stability of laminar buoyant jets and plumes is investigated under the low-Mach-number approximation. For Richardson numbers in the range $10^{-4}\leqslant Ri\leqslant 10^{3}$ and density ratios $S=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{\infty }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{jet}$ between 1.05 and 7, only axisymmetric perturbations are found to exhibit global instability, consistent with experimental observations in helium jets. By varying the Richardson number over seven decades, the effects of buoyancy on the base flow and on the instability dynamics are characterised, and distinct behaviour is observed in the low-$Ri$ (jet) and in the high-$Ri$ (plume) regimes. A sensitivity analysis indicates that different physical mechanisms are responsible for the global instability dynamics in both regimes. In buoyant jets at low Richardson number, the baroclinic torque enhances the basic shear instability, whereas buoyancy provides the dominant instability mechanism in plumes at high Richardson number. The onset of axisymmetric global instability in both regimes is consistent with the presence of absolute instability. While absolute instability also occurs for helical perturbations, it appears to be too weak or too localised to give rise to a global instability.
Water entry of a wedge with rolled-up vortex sheet
Authors: Semenov Yuriy A. , Wu G. X.
Published: November 2017

The problem of asymmetric water entry of a wedge with the vortex sheet shed from its apex is considered within the framework of the ideal and incompressible fluid. The effects due to gravity and surface tension are ignored and the flow therefore can be treated as self-similar, as there is no length scale. The solution for the problem is sought through two mutually dependent parts using two different analytic approaches. The first one is due to water entry, which is obtained through the integral hodograph method for the complex velocity potential, in which the streamline on the body surface remains on the body surface after passing the apex, leading to a non-physical local singularity. The second one is due to a vortex sheet shed from the apex, and the shape of the sheet and the strength distribution of the vortex are obtained through the solution of the Birkhoff–Rott equation. The total circulation of the vortex sheet is obtained by imposing the Kutta condition at the apex, which removes the local singularity. These two solutions are nonlinearly coupled on the unknown free surface and the unknown vortex sheet. This poses a major challenge, which distinguishes the present formulation of the problem from the previous ones on water entry without a vortex sheet and ones on vortex shedding from a wedge apex without a moving free surface. Detailed results in terms of pressure distribution, vortex sheet, velocity and force coefficients are presented for wedges of different inner angles and heel angles, as well as the water-entry direction. It is shown that the vortex shedding from the tip of the wedge has a profound local effect, but only weakly affects the free-surface shape, overall pressure distribution and force coefficients.
A Constitutive Model Research Based on Dislocation Mechanism of 5083 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Gao N. , Zhu Z. , Xiao S. , Xie Q.
Published: November 2017

The study of the mechanical properties of polycrystalline alloy materials under dynamic impact, namely, the prediction of mechanical behavior after yield stress and the establishment of a constitutive model, has attracted much attention in the field of engineering. The stress-strain curves of 5083 aluminum alloy were obtained under strain rates varying from 0.0002 s-1 to 7130 s-1 through uniaxial compression experiments. The equipment used included a CRIMS RPL100 tester, Instron tester, and split Hopkinson test system. In addition, based on dislocation dynamics and the strengthening mechanism of metals, the plastic flow of the 5083 aluminum alloy was systematically analyzed under a wide range of strain rates. It was found that the abnormal yield behavior of the 5083 aluminum alloy under a wide range of strain rates increased, and the experimental phenomenon of hardening rate decreased with an increase in strain rate. This study also revealed that the abnormal yield behavior is caused by the different dislocation mechanisms of two-phase alloy elements under different strain rates. Based on the thermal activation theory and the experimental data, a constitutive model was developed. A comparison showed good agreement between the experimental and model curves. This indicates that this model has good plastic flow stress prediction ability for such types of materials.
Albedo reduction of ice caused by dust and black carbon accumulation: a model applied to the K-transect, West Greenland
Authors: GOELLES THOMAS , BØGGILD CARL E.
Published: November 2017

Surface melt in the ablation zone is dominated by atmospheric temperature and surface albedo. We developed a surface mass-balance model with a dynamic component of glacier ice albedo which includes surface properties, clouds and the angle of the sun. The ice albedo reduction is mainly caused by impurity accumulation of non-biological origin such as dust and black carbon (BC), which is currently not included in other surface mass-balance models. Simulations show that dust from meltout is the main source of impurity mass at the melting glacier ice surface, and current rates of atmospheric deposition of dust play only a minor role. However, for BC the atmospheric deposition is the main source where ice melt rates are below 1 m, and atmospheric deposition is most likely from intercontinental transport due to the scarce population and lack of forests in Greenland.
Stable Isotope and Radiocarbon Analysis in Animal Bones from the Prehistoric Settlement of Dispilio, Kastoria Lake, Northern Greece
Authors: Chantzi Paraskevi , Dotsika Elissavet , Albanakis Konstantinos , Kostakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2017

Wild boar and roe deer samples from an excavation in Dispilio, Greece, were subjected to collagen extraction protocols to reconstruct the paleoecological regime. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis suggested the Middle/Late Neolithic period and the database was updated with collagen samples. The14C model concluded to a possible local deforestation effect in the settlement subbasin confirmed by sediment δ13C and δ15N values. Carbon isotope values in collagen samples concluded in C3 plant type. Both carbon and nitrogen isotopes indicated the differences in dietary habits and/or metabolic system between the two Late Neolithic I species. Roe deer samples were classified as purely herbivorous. δ15N values of wild boar collagen samples from Dispilio reflected a diet mainly characterized by terrestrial protein. Compared to literature data, wild boar samples from the Dispilio excavation concluded that the animals might have lived close to the settlement where their diet could be supplemented by a consistent animal protein fraction. Finally, it is concluded that rainfall is an important factor that affects plant, and consequently animal, δ15N values. Therefore, the rainfall regime should always be considered in paleodietary studies.
EARLY NEOLITHIC ENCLOSURES IN WALES: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE IN LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES AT CAERAU, CARDIFF
Authors: Davis Oliver , Sharples Niall ,   with a contribution from Jody Deacon
Published: November 2017

Causewayed enclosures have recently been at the forefront of debate within British and European Neolithic studies. In the British Isles as a whole, the vast majority of these monuments are located in southern England, but a few sites are now beginning to be discovered beyond this core region. The search in Wales had seen limited success, but in the 1990s a number of cropmark discoveries suggested the presence of such enclosures west of the River Severn. Nonetheless, until now only two enclosures have been confirmed as Neolithic in Wales – Banc Du (in Pembrokeshire) and Womaston (in Powys) – although neither produced more than a handful of sherds of pottery, flint or other material culture. Recent work by the authors at the Iron Age hillfort of Caerau, Cardiff, have confirmed the presence of another, large, Early Neolithic causewayed enclosure in the country. Excavations of the enclosure ditches have produced a substantial assemblage of bowl pottery, comparable with better-known enclosures in England, as well as ten radiocarbon dates. This paper provides a complete review of the evidence for Neolithic enclosures in Wales, and discusses the chronology and context of the enclosures based on the new radiocarbon dates and material assemblages recovered from Caerau.
Dietaryα-lactalbumin induced fatty liver by enhancing nuclear liver X receptorαβ/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c/PPARγexpression and minimising PPARα/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 expression and AMP-activated protein kinaseαphosphorylation associated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and oxidative stress in Balb/c mice
Authors: López-Oliva María Elvira , Garcimartin Alba , Muñoz-Martínez Emilia
Published: November 2017

The effect and the role played by dietaryα-lactalbumin (α-LAC) on hepatic fat metabolism are yet to be fully elucidated. We reported previously thatα-LAC intake induced atherogenic dyslipidaemia in Balb/c mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate if this atherogenic effect could be due to a possibleα-LAC-induced hepatic steatosis. We examine the ability of dietaryα-LAC to induce liver steatosis, identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic lipid metabolism in association with the lipid profile, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and changes in the hepatic oxidative environment. Male Balb/c mice (n6) were fed with diets containing either chow or 14 %α-LAC for 4 weeks. Theα-LAC-fed mice developed abdominal adiposity and IR. Moderate liver steatosis with increased TAG and NEFA contents was correlated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia. There was increased nuclear expression of liver X receptorαβ(LXRαβ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and PPARγtranscription factors and of the cytosolic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase involved in the hepaticde novolipogenesis. The opposite was found for the nuclear receptor PPARαand the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), leading to reduced fatty acidβ-oxidation (FAO). These changes were associated with a significant decrease in both p-Thr172-AMP-activated protein kinaseα(AMPKα) (inactivation) and p-Ser79-ACC1 (activation) and with a more oxidative liver environment increasing lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and reducing GSH:GSSG ratio in theα-LAC-fed mice. In conclusion, 4 weeks of 14 %α-LAC feeding induced liver steatosis associated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia, IR and oxidative stress by enhancing nuclear LXRαβ/SREBP-1c/PPARγexpression and diminishing PPARα/CPT-1 expression and AMPKαphosphorylation shifting the hepatic FAO toward fatty acid synthesis in Balb/c mice.
Maternal conjugated linoleic acid modulates TAG metabolism in adult rat offspring
Authors: Lavandera Jimena , Gerstner Carolina D. , Saín Juliana , Fariña Ana C. , González Marcela A. , Bernal Claudio A.
Published: November 2017

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might regulate the lipid depots in liver and adipose tissue. As there is an association between maternal nutrition, fat depots and risk of offspring chronic disease, the aim was to investigate the effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG regulation and some inflammatory parameters in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed control (C) or CLA-supplemented (1 %, w/w) diets during 4 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of CLA rats were fed C or CLA diets (CLA/C and CLA/CLA groups, respectively), whereas C male rat offspring were fed a C diet (C/C group) for 9 weeks. Serum TAG levels were increased in the CLA/CLA and CLA/C groups, associated with a reduction of lipoprotein lipase activity and weights of adipose tissue. The liver TAG levels were decreased in the CLA/CLA group, related to a significant reduction of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities, as well as to the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. Even though normal TAG levels were found in the liver of CLA/C rats, a reduction of lipogenesis was also observed. Thus, these results demonstrated a programming effect of CLA on the lipid metabolic pathways leading to a preventive effect on the TAG accretion in adipose tissue and the liver of male rat offspring. This knowledge could be important to develop some dietary strategies leading to a reduced incidence of obesity and fatty acid liver disease in humans.
Past Imperfect, Or the Pleasures and Perils of the Reenactment
Authors: DURICA PAUL
Published: November 2017

From 2010 to 2015, Pocket Guide to Hell, a series of public history projects in Chicago, produced site-specific, participatory historical reenactments with the intention of treating the past as if it were a public space – an inhabitable site where multiple voices can be heard, meanings contested, and alliances forged. This paper narrates the process behind the production of the final Pocket Guide to Hell project, which marked the centennial of the Arts Club of Chicago, in order to reflect upon the origins of creative acts, the challenges of cocreation, and the possibilities and limitations of the reenactment form.
Reshaping the Chaco: Migrant Foodways, Place-making, and the Chaco War
Authors: NOBBS-THIESSEN BEN
Published: November 2017

This article explores the settlement of Russian Mennonites on the Paraguayan Chaco frontier during the Chaco War years. These colonists engaged in a range of seemingly contradictory place-making practices – from the agro-environmental and the political to the spiritual and the cultural – that served to solidify their tenuous claim to an unfamiliar and highly contested landscape. Ideas of food security – seen in terms of both production and consumption – linked these diverse exercises. In the Paraguayan Chaco, these former Russian wheat farmers experimented with new crops and foodways. Although pacifists, they supplied the Paraguayan military efforts even as they also sent their crops to Nazi Germany. Finally, as an ethnic group practising endogamy and seeking isolation from their neighbours, they unexpectedly initiated a campaign to evangelise the Chaco's indigenous population centred, in part, on reforming the latter's ‘deficient’ diet.
Impact of teacher training in conservation education on student learning in primary schools adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Lukas Kristen E. , Leeds Austin , Slavin Michelle A. , Tinka John , Kendall Corinne J.
Published: November 2017

Conservation education requires a multidisciplinary approach that ideally incorporates iterative monitoring to inform decision making and facilitate achievement of conservation goals. Despite their value and importance, evaluations of conservation education programmes are often challenging to conduct, and are published infrequently. In this study the impact of teacher training on student learning of environmental conservation concepts was assessed in students at 10 schools within 5 km of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Student surveys were administered at the beginning and end of each of 3 school years, throughout which teachers engaged in conservation education training. Results suggest students’ conservation knowledge (e.g. knowing which species live in Kibale National Park, and how students themselves could help conserve wildlife) increased throughout each school year, but there were mixed results regarding the extent to which students showed improved understanding of the environmental problems threatening wildlife, and the reasons underlying the importance of conserving the Park. Understanding student knowledge gains and attitude shifts associated with teacher training in conservation education is important for knowing whether focusing on teachers contributes to intended impacts on student learning. Additional research on outcomes associated with long-term conservation education programmes will be useful for continuing to identify best practices in wildlife conservation.
Limitations of the Echinococcus granulosus genome sequence assemblies for analysis of the gene family encoding the EG95 vaccine antigen
Authors: Gauci Charles G. , Alvarez Rojas Cristian A. , Chow Conan , Lightowlers Marshall W.
Published: November 2017

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite that is distributed worldwide. The EG95 vaccine was developed to assist with control of E. granulosus transmission through the parasite's livestock intermediate hosts. The vaccine is based on a recombinant antigen encoded by a gene which is a member of a multi-gene family. With the recent availability of two E. granulosus draft genomes, we sought to map the eg95 gene family to the genomes. We were unable to map unequivocally any of the eg95 gene family members which had previously been characterized by cloning and sequencing both strands of genomic DNA fragments. Our inability to map EG95-related genes to the genomes has revealed limitations in the assembled sequence data when utilized for gene family analyses. This study contrasts with the expectations expressed in often high-profile publications describing draft genomes of parasitic organisms, highlighting deficiencies in currently available genomic resources for E. granulosus and provides a cautionary note for research which seeks to utilize these genome datasets.
Brain correlates of recognition of communicative interactions from biological motion in schizophrenia
Authors: Okruszek Ł. , Wordecha M. , Jarkiewicz M. , Kossowski B. , Lee J. , Marchewka A.
Published: November 2017

Background

Recognition of communicative interactions is a complex social cognitive ability which is associated with a specific neural activity in healthy individuals. However, neural correlates of communicative interaction processing from whole-body motion have not been known in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, the current study aims to examine the neural activity associated with recognition of communicative interactions in SCZ by using displays of the dyadic interactions downgraded to minimalistic point-light presentations.

Methods

Twenty-six healthy controls (HC) and 25 SCZ were asked to judge whether two agents presented only by point-light displays were communicating or acting independently. Task-related activity and functional connectivity of brain structures were examined with General Linear Model and Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction approach, respectively.

Results

HC were significantly more efficient in recognizing each type of action than SCZ. At the neural level, the activity of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) was observed to be higher in HC compared with SCZ for communicativev.individual action processing. Importantly, increased connectivity of the right pSTS with structures associated with mentalizing (left pSTS) and mirroring networks (left frontal areas) was observed in HC, but not in SCZ, during the presentation of social interactions.

Conclusion

Under-recruitment of the right pSTS, a structure known to have a pivotal role in social processing, may also be of importance for higher-order social cognitive deficits in SCZ. Furthermore, decreased task-related connectivity of the right pSTS may result in reduced use of additional sources of information (for instance motor resonance signals) during social cognitive processing in schizophrenia.
‘I just felt as though I had to drop something’: the implications of care for female working elder carers’ working lives
Authors: BURR VIV , COLLEY HELEN
Published: November 2017

This paper explores the challenges that female elder carers in the United Kingdom face in combining paid work with elder care, and the implications of this care for their current and future working lives. In-depth interviews with 11 working women from a large organisation were conducted, and five of the women were re-interviewed after a period of one year to examine any changes in their situation. The interviews revealed the precarious nature of their daily schedules, which required constant effort to maintain, the intrusion of elder care into their working lives, and the impact it had upon their career development and future aspirations. The findings provide insight into the reasons why carers, especially women, are more likely to reduce their working hours, do not take advantage of training opportunities and retire early. The findings are discussed in relation to the expectation of an extended working age and gender equality.
The impact of experiences of ageism on sexual activity and interest in later life
Authors: HEYWOOD WENDY , MINICHIELLO VICTOR , LYONS ANTHONY , FILEBORN BIANCA , HUSSAIN RAFAT , HINCHLIFF SHARRON , MALTA SUE , BARRETT CATHERINE , DOW BRIONY
Published: November 2017

Experiences of ageism are associated with poorer health outcomes. Sexual activity and interest are areas in life where the impact of ageism may also be evident as popular culture often depicts the older body as asexual, undesirable or sexually impotent. We explore the possible links between experiences of ageism and sexual activity/interest in later life using data from a study of Australians aged 60+. We explored characteristics of those who were more likely to have experienced ageism (measured using the Ageism Survey) and the relationships between experiences of ageism and measures of sexual interest/activity in later life (N = 1,817). Experiences of ageism were greater among those without a partner, unemployed participants, those with lower incomes and poorer self-rated health. Adjusting for these differences, experiences of ageism were more likely to be reported by those who had not had sex in the past two years and were not sure about their hopes/plans for sex in the future. Those who reported their sexual interest had increased or decreased since 60 also reported greater levels of ageism experience, as did those who wanted to have sex more frequently in the future. Ageism appears to impact sexual activity and interest in different ways. It is critical that social policy aims to reverse attitudes that reinforce the view of the ageist asexual and unattractive older body or person.
Finite group schemes of p-rank ≤ 1
Authors: CHANG HAO , FARNSTEINER ROLF
Published: November 2017

Let be a finite group scheme over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic char(k) = p ≥ 3. In generalisation of the familiar notion from the modular representation theory of finite groups, we define the p-rank rkp() of and determine the structure of those group schemes of p-rank 1, whose linearly reductive radical is trivial. The most difficult case concerns infinitesimal groups of height 1, which correspond to restricted Lie algebras. Our results show that group schemes of p-rank ≤ 1 are closely related to those being of finite or domestic representation type.
Performance Comparison among Different Precise Satellite Ephemeris and Clock Products for PPP/INS/UWB Tightly Coupled Positioning
Authors: Li Zengke , Zheng Nanshan , Wang Jian , Gao Jingxiang
Published: November 2017

To meet the requirements of different applications, the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) has provided Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite ephemerides and clock products with different accuracy levels (final, rapidandultra-rapidproducts). Comparison of Precise Point Positioning/Inertial Navigation System/Ultra Wideband (PPP/INS/UWB) tightly coupled positioning with different precise satellite ephemeris and clock products is made and corresponding data analysis is provided.Final, rapidandultra-rapidproducts are applied in a PPP/INS/UWB integrated system. The field trajectories, position and velocity errors of the integrated system with different products are compared. The results indicate that PPP/INS/UWB tightly coupled positioning withfinalandrapidproducts achieves an accurate performance. Compared with the position resolution usingfinalproducts, the position accuracy with theultra-rapidproducts (observed half) is slightly reduced and the position accuracy with the ultra-rapid products (predicted half) has a 0·1–0·2 m reduction. The influence of precise satellite ephemeris and clock products is very minor for non-real-time positioning, relative to the accuracy of PPP/INS/UWB tightly coupled positioning.
How Should We Combat Corruption? Lessons from Theory and Practice
Authors: Brock Gillian
Published: November 2017

Four recent books, taken together, offer a wealth of important insights on how we might effectively tackle corruption. All of the books’ authors agree that there is something akin to a universal understanding of what corruption is, and all dispute the idea that corruption may simply be in the eye of the beholder. However, there are also sharp disagreements—for example over whether corruption is best eliminated from the top down, or whether bottom-up approaches are more effective. If the books share one weakness, it is that they do not sufficiently emphasize the importance of getting people to believe and feel that they have fair opportunities for good lives, even after institutional and legal reforms are made. Tackling corruption involves taking seriously the substantive link between actual fair treatment and the belief that fair treatment prevails. This will require further research examining how to shift and update people’s deeply held sentiments.
Legal Protection as Competition for Jurisdiction: The Case of Refugee Protection through Law in the Past and at Present
Authors: SCHOTEL BAS
Published: November 2017

This article explores the structure of the legal protection of refugees in Europe today. To this end, it will contrast historical arrangements providing protection to refugees, namely church asylum in the late Middle Ages and refuge for religious minorities, with the current European refugee regime, that is the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), in particular the Dublin system. The central claim of this article is that a basic condition for the legal protection of refugees is the existence of multiple jurisdictions, which in turn caters for competition for jurisdiction. The official logic of the CEAS, however, endorses harmonization, unity and the hierarchy of jurisdictions rather than a competition between jurisdictions. This partially explains the difficulties under the CEAS in organizing the protection of refugees through law. In policy terms, this article supports calls for reconsidering the Dublin Regulation, since through the ‘single jurisdiction’ approach Dublin hampers the legal protection of refugees.
The role of telecollaboration in language and intercultural learning: A synthesis of studies published between 2010 and 2015
Authors: Çiftçi Emrullah Yasin , Savaş Perihan
Published: November 2017

In today’s globalized world, learning languages and developing intercultural skills are of paramount importance due to dynamic and complex global interdependencies. However, not every language student around the world has a chance to engage in face-to-face intercultural communication with people from different backgrounds. Telecollaboration offers a worthwhile opportunity by creating digital environments for language learners to communicate with people from diverse backgrounds. This qualitative meta-synthesis therefore aimed to investigate the research papers that were published between 2010 and 2015 in respect to language and intercultural learning within telecollaborative environments. Besides reporting emerging research trends among the studies, this synthesis study scrutinized recent emerging issues and observable patterns under five main themes: (1) the participants’ overall views on their telecollaborative experiences, (2) language learning through telecollaboration, (3) intercultural learning through telecollaboration, (4) the challenges experienced within the telecollaborative projects, and (5) the needs for further effective telecollaboration. Finally, this study synthesizes key emerging issues in telecollaborative projects and offers further research and practice directions in line with the current observable patterns.
Associations between Trauma, Dissociation, Adult Attachment and Proneness to Hallucinations
Authors: Berry Katherine , Fleming Paul , Wong Samantha , Bucci Sandra
Published: November 2017

Background: Childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment have all been implicated in the development of hallucinations or ‘voice-hearing’. Testing psychological models in relation to subclinical phenomena, such as proneness to hallucinations in non-clinical samples, provides a convenient methodology to develop understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms. Aims: This paper investigates the relative contribution of childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment in explaining hallucination proneness in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Students and staff with no previous contact with secondary care at the University of Manchester were recruited. Participants completed a series of self-report measures: the Launay‒Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Schedule (DES II) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: As hypothesized, insecure attachment, childhood adversity and dissociative symptoms were correlated with hallucination proneness. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for confounds of age and negative affect, indicated that the RSQ, CTQ and DES II predicted hallucination proneness. Only DES II and RSQ avoidant attachment were significant independent predictors in the final model. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence to support the idea that attachment and dissociation are important psychological mechanisms involved in voice-hearing proneness. Further testing is required with a clinical population.
Similar and distinct neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming in the languages of the French–Spanish bilingual children
Authors: SIRRI LOUAH , RÄMÄ PIA
Published: November 2017

Recent evidence demonstrates that lexical-semantic connections emerge over the second year of life for monolingual children. Yet, little is known about the developing lexical-semantic organization of children acquiring two languages simultaneously. Two- to 4 year-old French–Spanish bilingual children completed a within-language auditory semantic priming task in both of their languages, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The results revealed that bilingual children exhibited sensitivity to taxonomic relationships between words in each of their languages, but the pattern of brain activity varied across the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) languages. While the N2 occurred for both languages, the N400 appeared for target words in the DL only and the late anterior negativity for target words in the NDL only. These findings indicate that words are organized taxonomically in the bilinguals’ lexicons. However, the patterns of brain activity suggest that common and distinct neural resources underlie lexical-semantic processing in each language.