bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Boss in Town (UNITE HERE)
Authors: McAlevey Jane F. , Lawlor Abby
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores Marriott Corporation’s growth to become the largest hotel company in existence. The Marriott’s acquisition of heavily unionized Starwood made it the largest hotel company in the world, which meant that the company was suddenly operating a significant number of union hotels for the first time. The key feature of Marriott’s union avoidance strategy had been to match the union wage in major hotel markets. The chapter explains that UNITE HERE Local 26 members expected the escalation to an open-ended strike to win their key bargaining priorities from Marriott. The Boston contract settlement was an overall victory for workers in Marriott, Omni, Highgate, and other smaller hotel companies that would see benefits under the Me Too agreements.
The Nonreductivist’s Trouble with Explanation
Authors: deRosset Louis
Published: March 2023

This chapter concerns the question of how the existence and features of non-physical entities—like our thoughts and feelings or the rate of interest on U.S. treasury bonds—can be determined by the physical facts without themselves being among the physical facts. This initially appealing idea encounters a problem, which is dubbed the connection problem. Briefly, the problem is that a plausible constraint on grounding explanation appears to require that there be features of any non-fundamental process like metabolism among the grounds for any fact involving that process. In the absence of reduction, this then appears to imply that we cannot ground the existence and features of metabolism in entirely metabolism-free terms. The chapter explores some ways of dealing with the problem, but concludes that none of those proposals is satisfactory. Another idea is needed if the standard sort of nonreductivism under discussion is to be plausible.
A Mistold Story?
Authors: Kilday Anne-Marie , Nash David
Published: March 2023

This chapter outlines the scope of the book by setting both geographical and chronological boundaries for the study. The chapter then describes how the historiography of criminal women has been overly reliant upon a range of historiographical stereotypes, universal reactions, and emotions. Women are portrayed in this analysis as naturally maternal; as having feminized approaches to piety, belief, and morality; of being compelled by instinctive impulses rather than rational judgements; of being incapable of premeditation in the committal of crime; of perennially having and using their female status as a bargaining chip for clemency within the courtroom; as committing theft only to satisfy feelings of greed and acquisitiveness; as lacking a sense of self and agency when committing crime, something which renders them subordinate clients of male criminality. Many of these views have come down to us from the pronouncements of both moral commentators and the historiography of sixteenth-, seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century criminality. The introduction will unpack the places where this conventional historiography has existed before introducing the alternative views the book offers. The introduction will indicate how the following individual case studies undermine each element of the gendered conventionally orthodox view. The result is a rounded and nuanced history of how prevailing homogenized views of female criminality are no longer wholly credible as forms of analysis. Therefore historians should qualify, or consider ditching, the unhelpful and illusory gendered separation of highly distinct male and female criminalities and other modes of supposedly deviant behaviour. This effectively introduces the arguments and evidence offered by this book.
Imagining Bad Women and Fallen Angels
Authors: Kilday Anne-Marie , Nash David
Published: March 2023

This chapter challenges just how effectively stereotypes of female criminality were transmitted into popular culture. This analysis emerges from an investigation of the portrayal of deviant women in a number of ballads and broadsides that were widely disseminated and consumed during the nineteenth century. Within these a persistent view does not emerge of the female as criminal nor a civilizing impulse, but instead there is a range of portrayals of women which are surprisingly diverse. Some ballads and broadsides show the motivations and circumstances which led women into deviant behaviour. However, a surprising number of others seem to portray apparently motiveless acts of violence and cruelty. These produce a wide and conflicting array of moral positions, ranging from censure to the contemplation of an amoral universe where anything can happen. In some of these scenarios, women are castigated for adopting unfeminine forms of behaviour that shade into the immoral and monstrous. In others, the action of such women is merely portrayed without sanction or significant comment. Beyond this the chapter also examines the overall narratives achieved by specific mid-late nineteenth-century ballads to see what ‘picture’ of women’s deviance each presents. The conclusions reached show that both the consistency and stability of popular cultural narratives of women’s bad behaviour have been considerably overstated yet also too readily accepted.
‘When a Man Cries, it is called Crying; when a Woman Cries it is called Hysterics’
Authors: Kilday Anne-Marie , Nash David
Published: March 2023

This chapter investigates some profoundly different dimensions of the ‘mad’ versus ‘bad’ dichotomy so readily used in the investigation of the actions of criminal women from the lowest social class of nineteenth-century Britain. By investigating aristocratic behaviour the chapter seeks to see the ‘bad’/‘mad’ dichotomy at work amongst a stratum of women who are often seen as having even less autonomy than those at the bottom of the social scale. This chapter investigates Lady Harriet Mordaunt, who became involved in the fast set that centred on Edward Prince of Wales and eventually became pregnant in 1868. Proceedings for divorce failed when Lady Mordaunt’s family argued successfully that she was mentally unfit to plead. The couple thence parted, with Lady Mordaunt confined to a number of secure institutions for the rest of her life, dying in 1906. Some people were unsure whether Harriet Mordaunt was actually insane or in fact may have feigned this, making ‘use’ of insanity to protect herself. Historians have taken mixed views on this whole affair, so that the chapter investigates these different views of the agency of aristocratic women and maps these onto the ‘archaeology of reputation’ of Harriet Mordaunt. Each subsequent generation judged her actions, as well as her representativeness as an icon of the ‘wronged mad woman in the attic’. Thus, this chapter highlights the agency and autonomy of aristocratic women. This emerges as the case is analysed by subsequent generations who saw it through the sensibilities and issues of their own age around such things as fashion as well as the changing perceptions of women’s legitimate desires and appetites.
Type Specimens and Reference
Authors: Devitt Michael
Published: March 2023

In “Individualism, Type Specimens, and the Scrutability of Species Membership”, Levine alleges the following paradox: “qua organism, the type specimen belongs to its respective species contingently, while qua type specimen, it belongs necessarily”. One major concern of this chapter is to argue that the latter necessity, “Levine’s Thesis”, is false. This argument is based straightforwardly on the words of biologists themselves. There have been previous responses to Levine’s paper by LaPorte, Haber, Witteveen, and Brzozowski, which have found the matter much more complicated. My other major concern is to show that these responses have gone awry because of mistakes about language: we should not use a theory of reference to assess Levine’s Thesis; the causal theory of reference does not imply Levine’s Thesis; we should not make any inferences about species identity, and hence about Levine’s Thesis, from decisions about nomenclature. In sum, the engaging debate about Levine’s thesis has been misguided.
The Significance of Structure
Authors: Alter Torin
Published: March 2023

This chapter begins by developing a structural explanation of Mary’s post-release epistemic progress. According to the structural explanation, she makes such progress because the information she learns from her science lectures is structural, and the truths she learns from seeing colors for herself cannot be deduced from structural truths. The chapter then examines two ways to characterize the relevant notion of structure. One is Chalmers’s linguistically oriented characterization, on which structural descriptions are those that involve only mathematical, logical, nomic/causal, and perhaps spatiotemporal terms. The author adopts a modified version of this characterization. The other is a metaphysically oriented characterization, based on Derk Pereboom’s ideas. It is argued that it too can be usefully brought into the discussion.
Non-Propositional Phenomenal Knowledge
Authors: Alter Torin
Published: March 2023

This chapter addresses the objection to the knowledge argument that, upon release, Mary gains only non-informational knowledge. Two versions of that objection have been developed. According to Lewis and Nemirow, when released Mary gains only non-informational ability knowledge. According to Conee, Tye, and Pitt, when released she gains only non-informational acquaintance knowledge. It is argued that both versions fail. One problem with the Lewis-Nemirow strategy is that it is possible to possess the relevant sort of phenomenal knowledge without possessing the corresponding abilities. Another problem is that the claim that, when released, Mary gains only ability knowledge is plausible only if she also gains information. That second problem arises for the Conee-Tye-Pitt strategy too. Indeed, the problem arises for any attempt to eliminate the informational component of Mary’s post-release epistemic progress.
The Conditional Analysis of Phenomenal Concepts
Authors: Alter Torin
Published: March 2023

This chapter discusses the conditional analysis of phenomenal concepts, on which phenomenal concepts refer to non-physical properties if such properties exist and otherwise to physical properties. Hawthorne, Braddon-Mitchell, and Stalnaker argue that the conditional analysis enables physicalists to reconcile the intuitions driving the knowledge argument with standard physicalism. Unlike the phenomenal concept strategy and the new-concepts objection, the conditional-analysis strategy does not fall prey to Chalmers’s master argument. But a different problem arises. The conditional-analysis strategy requires that the relevant conditional claims can be known a priori and, it is argued, they can be known only a posteriori. The chapter then defends that criticism against counterarguments by Haukioja and Majeed.
The Knowledge Argument, Russellian Monism, and Causal Integration
Authors: Alter Torin
Published: March 2023

This chapter argues that, given plausible assumptions, the knowledge argument leads to Russellian monism. It then defends Russellian monism from Howell’s objection that the theory fails to live up to its promise to integrate consciousness into physical causation. It argues that Howell’s objection depends on dubious assumptions about the relationship between the distinctive properties the theory posits (“quiddities”) and properties described in fundamental physics—assumptions Russellian monists can reject. Finally, it considers Kind’s pessimistic charge that Russellian monism fails to move the mind-body debate forward. In response, it argues that Russellian monism moves the debate forward not by answering its central questions but rather by reframing them in potentially useful ways.
Sexual Assault Law in Canada
Authors: Thorburn Malcolm
Published: March 2023

Malcolm Thorburn describes the innovative step taken by the Canadian legislature in 1983. This early reform of sexual assault law not only abolished the common-law model of rape, but also took sexual assault out of the section on sexual offences and placed it as a subcategory of assault in the Canadian Criminal Code. Thorburn explains the underlying model of consent: consent is seen as a subjective matter, but communicative elements become important if defendants claim to have believed that the other consented: a defence of mistaken belief in consent requires the accused to point to communication or conduct as the basis of this belief. He also discusses the new Canadian approach to fraud (the sexual assault provisions no longer require that fraud is about the nature and quality of the act) and cases that involved severe intoxication of complainants or defendants.
The Sexual Offences Act 2003 England and Wales
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: March 2023

In the chapter on English and Welsh law, Jonathan Herring describes the considerations that led to the Sexual Offences Act 2003, which did away with traditional notions of rape and sexual assault. He points out that the legislative materials did not address the concept of consent but emphasized other goals (protection of children and vulnerable adults). Herring explains the construction in the Sexual Offences Act 2003, which combines a general definition of consent, based on the concept of attitudinal consent, with a number of conclusive and rebuttable presumptions, which do not play an important role in practice. In the normative part of the chapter, Herring argues that courts should focus on the question whether defendants had met their responsibilities in respecting victims’ sexual integrity rather than focusing on the quality of victims’ consent.
The New German Law on Sexual Assault
Authors: Hörnle Tatjana
Published: March 2023

This chapter on law reform in Germany (2016) describes the events that have accelerated law reform: public indignation after numerous incidents of sexual harassment and assault on New Year’s Eve 2015/2016 in Cologne. Tatjana Hörnle explains the new wording of the section on sexual assault in the German Criminal Code and newer court cases, including judgments referring to stealthing and the notion of threats. The central element in the new German core offence description is ‘against the recognisable will’; the legislative materials declare that it is based on a ‘no means no’ model. German law also contains a list of presumptions for lack of consent that cover situations in which victims could not communicate or did not need to do so. Hörnle argues that the new approach to sexual assault must be considered an improvement, but that hasty reform has created some problems.
Modern American Poetry and the Architectural Imagination
Authors: Gill Jo
Published: March 2023

Modern American Poetry and the Architectural Imagination: The Harmony of Forms assesses the relationship between architectural and poetic innovation in the United States across the twentieth century. Taking the work of five key poets as case studies, and drawing on the work of a rich range of other writers, architects, artists, and commentators, this study proposes that by examining the sustained and productive—if hitherto overlooked—engagement between the two disciplines, we enrich our understanding of the complexity and interrelationship of both. Modern American Poetry and the Architectural Imagination begins by tracing the rise of what was conceived of as “modern” (and often “international style”) architecture and by showing how poetry and architecture in the early decades of the century developed in tandem, in dialogue, and within a shared, and often transnational, context. The book then moves on to examine the material, aesthetic, and social conditions that helped shape both disciplines, offering new readings of familiar poems and bringing other pertinent resources to light. It considers the uses to which poets of the period put the insights of architecture—and vice versa. In closing, the book turns to modern and contemporary architects’ written accounts of their own practice, in memoirs and other commentaries, and examines how they have assimilated, or resisted, the practice and vision of poetry.
Introduction
Authors: Gill Jo
Published: March 2023

The Introduction establishes the background, parameters, and methodology for the study and sets out the key figures (poets and architects) to whom the book returns. Taking one particular poem about a Boston skyscraper as a starting point, and drawing attention to its use of architectural metaphors as an index for a wider set of aesthetic, historical, and social concerns, the Introduction proposes that there is a meaningful relationship between architecture and poetry during the modern period. The Introduction asks what we might learn about poetry and about architecture across the United States from the 1900s through to the late 1960s by examining the terms of their mutual engagement. What does modern American poetry take from architecture, and vice versa?
Hart Crane
Authors: Gill Jo
Published: March 2023

Chapter 2 assesses the architectural specificity of the poetry of Hart Crane; for the most part it focuses on the poems from his first book, White Buildings (1926), before moving on to offer a reappraisal of the architectural contexts for his more widely studied long poem, The Bridge (1930). Crane recognized the contiguity between the two disciplines, architecture and poetry, and saw in both an opportunity to assess and express the contingencies of time, space, and subjectivity. The chapter argues that while Crane uses poetry to appraise architecture, he also uses architecture to talk about, or to test the efficacy and limits of, poetry.
Wallace Stevens
Authors: Gill Jo
Published: March 2023

Chapter 4 assesses the work of Wallace Stevens from the early “A Window in the Slums” (1900) to “Not Ideas About the Thing But the Thing Itself” (1954) and argues that the modern architecture that Stevens experienced in Hartford and in New York—and his engagement with wider artistic and cultural circles—were crucial to the development of his thinking about abstraction, specificity, and order (or ideas about the thing, and the thing itself). By reading Stevens in relation to key contemporaries, such as William Carlos Williams, and by tracing his developing understanding of the possibilities of light and line, the chapter shows how Stevens deployed modern architecture as a model and metaphor for poetry’s structural and imaginative work.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE
Authors: Dolman Han
Published: March 2023

This chapter deals with the appearance of the carbon dioxide molecule on the world stage. The Flemish medical doctor Jean Baptiste van Helmont discovered that something was released when charcoal was burned. He called that a gas, a gas sylvestris, a spirit from the woods, or wild spirit. Around the middle of the nineteenth century the Scotsman Black discovered that a white powder, magnesium alba, when heated would lose air, that was previously held: fixed air (carbon dioxide). Like van Helmont, the German scientist Becher and Stahl realized that in combustion (burning) a substance was released, called by Stahl phlogiston. The Frenchmen Antoine Lavoisier discovered however that not the mysterious phlogiston was released during combustion, but something was taken up. What was taken up, turned out to be oxygen, the discovery of which should probably be credited to both Lavoisier and the Englishman Joseph Priestley. Priestley later also experimented with fermentation and discovered further properties of ‘fixed air’. John Dalton put everything on a modern footing and gave the first accurate description of carbonic acid, composed of one element of carbon and two of oxygen. It was then up to the Russian Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1889, to put the final touch to our chemical understanding by developing the periodic table. Carbon had an atomic weight (relative to hydrogen) of 12, oxygen of 16, so a molecule of carbon dioxide would weigh 44. The structure of carbon dioxide and indeed most of its properties were known.
World’s Fair
Authors: Parsell Diana P.
Published: March 2023

Eliza Scidmore begins her journalism career in 1876, a decade before American newspapers start hiring female reporters in significant numbers. She breaks into the business at age nineteen—under the pen name “Ruhamah”—by covering the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, America’s first major world’s fair. Her reporting includes her impressions of the Women’s Pavilion and an account of opening-day ceremonies, which President Grant, the emperor of Brazil, and more than 100,000 other people attend. The Centennial signals the coming of America’s industrial age and modern society, with displays including Alexander Graham Bell’s new telephone, a giant copper arm of French sculptor Bartholdi’s Statue of Liberty, the behemoth Corliss engine, and artifacts of Native Americans, whose way of life is being wiped out in Indian wars across the West. Exhibits by Japan, which spark a U.S. wave of “Japonisme,” expose Scidmore to a culture that will figure prominently in her career.
A Voice for Conservation
Authors: Parsell Diana P.
Published: March 2023

Eliza Scidmore begins her U.S. conservation activism by advocating for Alaska’s welfare. In 1891, she starts a twenty-year association with The Century magazine by writing about a longstanding Alaska boundary dispute between the United States and British Columbia. That summer, she and friends camp at Glacier Bay, staying in John Muir’s cabin. She writes the first article on a new U.S. policy creating national forest reserves and joins a campaign by National Geographic—which elects her its first female board member in 1892—to make the Mount Rainier area a national park. In 1893, Scidmore lectures at Chautauqua, then attends the Columbian Exposition (Chicago World’s Fair), where she reports on Japan’s exhibits and is represented in a special library exhibit in the Women’s Building. She produces a new Alaska travel guide, published by Appleton, and adds “speaker” to her resumé when signed by a major lecture bureau.
“Mrs. Taft Plants a Tree”
Authors: Parsell Diana P.
Published: March 2023

The spring of 1912 finally brings the realization of Eliza Scidmore’s long-time dream of Japanese cherry trees in Washington, amid continuing tension in U.S.–Japan relations and turmoil in the White House over William Howard Taft’s bid for reelection. In mid-March, Scidmore travels to New York—accompanied by the new Japanese ambassador, Sutemi Chinda, and his wife—to lecture at a floral exhibition sponsored by the Japan Society. There, she encounters Mrs. Taft, and they sit for a newspaper photo. A week later, on the afternoon of March 27, the two women meet up again alongside the Tidal Basin in Potomac Park for a hastily organized private ceremony to mark the planting of the first of 3,000 cherry trees sent from Japan. Scidmore and the Chindas are Mrs. Taft’s only guests at the historic event, which the press reports in a three-paragraph story headlined “Mrs. Taft Plants a Tree.”
Europe against Revolution
Authors: Lok Matthijs
Published: March 2023

The revolutionary thesis of this book is that the European past and the idea of Europe as an essentially ‘historical continent’ was (re)invented by the critics of the French Revolution as part of their ideological struggle against the Revolution. The counter-revolutionary authors and statesmen were both conservative and cosmopolitan at the same time. In their writings they drew on the works of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment as well as criticized its alleged revolutionary legacy. This study seeks to uncover the roots of historically informed ideas of Europe and of European history, while at the same time underlining the fundamental differences between the writings of the older counter-revolutionary Europeanists and their self-appointed successors in the twenty-first century.
Vienna as a Missed Opportunity
Authors: Lok Matthijs
Published: March 2023

The eighth chapter (‘Vienna as a Missed Opportunity’) treats the collapse of the Napoleonic Order in 1814–15 as a moment for European renewal and regeneration. The Vienna Congress is situated in the context of the ‘European moment’ of 1814–15, when writers from all geographical backgrounds and political convictions believed that a new European political and religious order was imminent. It will be argued that the Vienna order was inspired by enlightened cosmopolitan ideals of peace, as well as by pluralist historical narratives of Europe. Rather than a moment of spiritual and religious regeneration, Vienna turned out, in the eyes of counter-revolutionary Europeanists such as Joseph de Maistre, to be a disappointing pragmatic compromise with revolutionary ideals.
Bits, Bytes, Searches, and Hits: Logging-in Accountability for EU Data-led Security
Authors: Curtin Deirdre , Goede Marieke de
Published: March 2023

EU data-led and interoperable security poses profound challenges to democratic control and to the normative principles of legal protection and accountability. This chapter analyses the ad hoc practices of accountability that are developing in relation to the actors and instruments in a number of EU security programmes and assesses their ‘loggedness’ in relation to data. The aim is twofold. First, the chapter offers a mapping exercise in relation to accountability practices in a selection of established and emerging database configurations in the EU security realm. The focus is on four security programmes that operate across national boundaries and across public and private spheres: EU-TFTP, TERREG, ETIAS, and ECRIS-TCN. Second, it assesses the extent to which the selected mechanisms are ‘logged-in’ to the work of data analysis that they are expected to give account of. In conclusion, the authors reflect on what a fuller, more meaningful ‘logged-in’ accountability in relation to data-led security could and should look like, both in terms of institutions and digital practices.
A New Latin Poem by Joseph Addison
Authors: Davis Paul
Published: March 2023

Known almost exclusively now as the author of The Spectator and Cato, Joseph Addison was also highly regarded throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a Latin poet. This article presents a new addition to the canon of Addison’s Latin verse: a 57-line hexameter poem entitled Arcus Triumphalis which survives in a unique manuscript copy recently acquired by Addison’s alma mater Magdalen College, Oxford. The article begins by describing the manuscript (scans of the leaves containing Addison’s poem are included), detailing its likely genesis and confirming its attribution of the poem to Addison. Then it reconstructs the contexts of the poem, which describes a firework display put on in St James’s Square on the evening of 2 December 1697 to celebrate William III’s triumphal return to London after concluding the Peace of Ryswick. A third section provides a critical reading of the poem, concentrating on its surprising presentation of William III and its bold use of ekphrasis. The article concludes by assessing the place of Arcus Triumphalis in Addison’s career, in relation to the early development of his Whiggism and as a forerunner of several of his definitive concerns in The Spectator: privacy and the public sphere, urban spectacle, and the aesthetics of looking. An edited text of the poem and an English translation are provided in an appendix.
Anti-nutritional and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum
Authors: Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima , Alum Esther Ugo , Okon Michael Ben , Aja Patrick M , Obeagu Emmanuel I , Onyeneke E C
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The anti-nutritional composition and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) were carried out.

Methods

The anti-nutritional factors and GC-MS were analysed using standard methods.

Key findings

The anti-nutritional constituents of the samples were in the order of phenols > terpenoids > flavonoids > tannins > glycosides > alkaloids > hydrogen cyanide > saponins > steroids. The phytochemicals were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in extract than fractions, the terpenoids value obtained as 1904.72 mg/100 g from ethanol extract is significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the values of 935.80 mg/100 g and 968.92 mg/100 g gotten from it ethyl acetate and methanol fractions, respectively. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) for the ethyl acetate 0.74 mg/100 g and methanol 0.79 mg/100 g fractions of steroids. However, the methanol fraction of tannins, phenols, glycosides, saponins and hydrogen cyanide were significantly higher than its ethyl acetate fractions.

Conclusion

Chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of the samples of SJ showed 49, 43 and 24 peaks for crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the crude ethanol root extract and fractions as shown in Tables 2–4 contain hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and nonanoic acid methyl ester. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of SJ contain 16.9 and 10.1% of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (8-methylnonyl) ester, respectively.
Emergency management capacity assessment for urban rail transit—an example of Beijing Metro Line 13
Authors: Liu Jiao , Qi Yun , Wang Wei
Published: March 2023

In order to improve the emergency management capability of urban rail transit system and reduce accidents during metro operation, an emergency management capability evaluation method combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed. Based on the Prevention Preparation Response Recovery (PPRR) model, factors influencing the emergency management capability of the urban rail transit system are summarized from the perspective of ‘human, machine, environment and management’. Then, an emergency management capability evaluation index system containing of 20 secondary indicators is constructed in four stages: emergency prevention, emergency preparation, emergency response and emergency recovery. The weights of indicators are calculated using the AHP method, and the closeness of each indicator to the optimal solution is analysed with the TOPSIS method. Finally, take the Beijing Metro Line 13 as an example to investigate the level of emergency management capability of urban rail transit. The results show that the emergency management capability of Beijing's urban rail transit system is ‘well’, among which hazard prevention measures (0.31) and emergency response team (0.34) have a greater weight on the emergency management capability of rail transit. The model can more accurately assess the emergency management capability of urban rail transit and provide a basis for emergency management.
Comparison of Proanthocyanidin- and Phenolic-Rich Extracts Derived from Pecan Shell and Husk as Elicitors of Induced Resistance Against Phytophthora capsici on Chile Pepper
Authors: Lujan Phillip , Dura Srijana , Guzman Ivette , Steiner Robert , Sanogo Soum
Published: March 2023

The use of plant-derived secondary metabolites to induce disease resistance in plants has been well documented. In this study, total phenolics and total proanthocyanidins (PACs) were extracted from the shell and husk of pecan ( Carya illinoinensis) and quantified. Under greenhouse conditions, the extracts were foliarly applied to chile pepper ( Capsicum annuum, cultivar NM 6-4) to compare their ability to induce resistance in plants inoculated with a virulent isolate of Phytophthora capsici. Extractions yielded total phenolic contents of 673 ± 28 and 293 ± 24 mg/g dry weight (DW) for shell and husk and total PAC contents of 1,770.10 ± 158.62 and 901.30 ± 22.84 mg/g DW for shell and husk, respectively. Chile plants treated with total phenolic and PAC extracts from pecan husk or shell or 0.1% salicylic acid, a plant-defense hormone, remained asymptomatic throughout the study for 3 weeks, whereas plants treated with water, which served as a control, died. Both total phenolic and total PAC extracts derived from pecan byproducts can be used within a greenhouse setting as elicitors to induce resistance response in chile pepper against plant pathogens such as P. capsici.
Discovery of novel CDK2 inhibitors using multistage virtual screening and in vitro melanoma cell lines
Authors: Yang Lihong , Wang Mukuo , Li Beibei , Xu Shangqin , Lin Jianping
Published: March 2023

Cyclin‐dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) is a serine/threonine‐protein kinase, which plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle and is related to the occurrence and development of melanoma. In this study, we identified potent inhibitors for CDK2 by combining a multistage virtual screening strategy with bioassay validations. The biochemical activity of compounds was validated with ADP‐Glo™ Kinase assay in vitro, and the results indicated that the biochemical activity of compound 1 (C1) was better than other selected compounds. Cell viability assay showed that the minimum inhibition concentration of C1 for CDK2 was lower than 4 μM. Further functional test results showed that C1 exerted significant antiproliferative, pro‐apoptosis, and anti‐migration activity in melanoma cell lines (A375 cells, WM35 cells, and A875 cells). Our findings suggested that the C1, virtually screened from compound libraries, as the novel inhibitor of CDK2, may be further developed as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of melanoma lines.
Transplant Nursing
Authors: Tenoso Prince
Published: March 2023

These nurses coordinate care through the transplantation process.
Prognostic Accuracy of Delirium Prediction Models
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: March 2023

According to this study:

The prognostic accuracy of models used to predict delirium in patients admitted to the ICU varies.

The PRE-DELIRIC model performs best and can be used in both patients receiving and not receiving mechanical ventilation.
Back Pain and Quality of Life 10 Years After Segmental Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ahonen Matti , Syvänen Johanna , Helenius Linda , Mattila Mikko , Perokorpi Tanja , Diarbakerli Elias , Gerdhem Paul , Helenius Ilkka
Published: March 2023

Study Design.

Comparative cohort study.

Objective.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate pain and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in surgically managed patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years compared with patients with untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a healthy control group.

Summary of Background Data.

Posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screws is the standard treatment for AIS, although it remains unclear whether this procedure results in improved long-term HRQoL compared with untreated patients with AIS.

Patients and Methods.

Sixty-four consecutive patients at a minimum follow-up of 10 years, who underwent posterior pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS were prospectively enrolled. Fifty-three (83%) of these patients completed Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) 24 questionnaires, clinical examination, and standing spinal radiographs. Pain and HRQoL were compared with age and sex-matched patients with untreated AIS and healthy individuals.

Results.

The mean major curve was 57° preoperatively and 15° at the 10-year follow-up. SRS-24 self-image domain score showed a significant improvement from preoperative to 2 years and remained significantly better at the 10-year follow-up (P < 0.001). Patients fused to L3 or below had lower pain, satisfaction, and total score than patients fused to L2 or above (P < 0.05), but self-image, function, and activity scores did not differ between groups at 10-year follow-up. Pain, self-image, general activity, and total SRS domains were significantly better at 10-year follow-up in the surgically treated patients as compared with untreated patients (all P < 0.05). Healthy controls had significantly higher total scores than those surgically treated at 10-year follow-ups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion.

Patients undergoing segmental pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS maintain high-level HRQoL during a 10-year follow-up. Their HRQoL was significantly better than in the untreated patients with AIS, except for the function domain. However, HRQoL remained at a lower level than in healthy controls.
Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Vaginal Infections at a Referral Center and Treated With Boric Acid
Authors: File Brittany , Sobel Ryan , Becker Mariel , Nyirjesy Paul
Published: March 2023

Objective

The authors investigate the incidence of clinical and mycological resistance of Candida albicans vulvovaginitis (VVC) at the Jefferson Vulvovaginal Health Center. They also review their experience with boric acid in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant VVC.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with C. albicans VVC diagnosed at the Jefferson Vulvovaginal Health Center between November 2019 and December 2021. Patients with clinically defined fluconazole resistance were identified. Information about demographics, in vitro susceptibility testing, and treatment outcomes with boric acid was obtained.

Results

Of 970 patients with vaginal C. albicans isolates, 71 (7.3%) with clinically defined fluconazole-resistant C. albicans infections were identified. Relevant demographics included 45.1% African American, 43.7% aged younger than 30 years, and 43.7% with body mass index less than 25. Of the 71 patients, 58 (81.7%) received vaginal boric acid treatment. The mycological and clinical cure rates were 85.7% and 73.7%, respectively. After successful boric acid treatment and negative yeast cultures, 14.3% of patients had a mycological recurrence within 3 months. Of 31 isolates with antifungal susceptibility testing, 83.9% (26/31) were found to have minimal inhibitory concentration results consistent with fluconazole resistance.

Conclusions

In a tertiary care vulvovaginal health center, fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans VVC is by no means uncommon and usually responds in the short term to treatment with boric acid. However, in the absence of maintenance boric acid, recurrence of culture-positive VVC is likely.
Fibrin Glue–Coated Collagen Complex Patch: A Novel Material for Surgical Repair of Spontaneous Temporal Bone Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak and Encephalocele
Authors: Symms John Thomas , Dabecco Rocco , Ballard Daniel , Yu Alexander , Chen Douglas , Hillman Todd
Published: March 2023

Objective

To compare outcomes of surgical repair of temporal bone encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak using fibrin glue–coated collagen (FGCC) complex patch versus other materials for repair of dura.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital.

Patients

Fifty-two adult patients undergoing transmastoid (TM), middle fossa (MF) or combined approach repair of spontaneous MF CSF leak between 2016 and 2020.

Interventions

Exposure of bony defect via TM approach, MF craniotomy, or combined TM/MF, and repair of the associated dura defect with FGCC complex patch, or other materials (acellular collagen matrix, bovine collagen, autologous fascia, fibrin tissue sealant).

Main Outcome Measures

Successful repair without recurrent CSF leak or encephalocele throughout follow-up. Cost of materials used in duraplasty.

Results

Sixty-four percent of patients were female. Mean (standard deviation) age at repair was 61.4 (12.1) years. Mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 35.0 (8.3) kg/m2. Forty-nine (94%) patients had successful repair without known recurrence of CSF leak or encephalocele over a median follow-up interval of 11.7 months. Average duraplasty material cost was significantly lower with FGCC in comparison with other nonautologous materials (FGCC+: $1259.94, FGCC−: $1652.58; p = 0.004). No significant differences in recurrence risk (FGCC+: 6.9%, FGCC−: 6.9%; p > 0.999) or operative time (FGCC+: 153.7 min, FGCC−: 155.4 min; p = 0.88) were detected based on material used for duraplasty.

Conclusions

All materials studied demonstrate effective and sustained means of repair for MF CSF leak and encephalocele, including in the presence of multiple defects. Use of FGCC for duraplasty produces noninferior surgical results to other nonautologous materials in repair of spontaneous CSF leaks of the temporal bone and may be more cost-effective.
Maternal voice reduces procedural pain in neonates: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jin Lingwen , Zhang Jing , Yang Xin , Rong Hui
Published: March 2023

Background:

Procedural pain management is a very important part in the clinical care of neonates. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of maternal voice on neonatal procedural pain, to provide insights to the clinical pain care of neonates.

Methods:

Two researchers independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Weipu Database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the effects of maternal voice on the procedural pain of neonates up to October 25, 2022. Two investigators screened the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the methodological quality of the inclusion study. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 8 RCTs with a total of 584 neonates were included. Our meta-analysis indicated that maternal voice reduces the pain score (SMD = −0.60, 95% CI: −0.81 to −0.39) and heart rate (SMD = −0.81, 95% CI: −1.44 to −0.18) and increases the comfort level (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.83 to −0.11) and blood oxygen saturation (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.03–1.38) during procedure (all P < .05). Moreover, maternal voice reduces the pain score (SMD = −0.58, 95% CI: −0.88 to −0.28) and heart rate (SMD = −0.44, 95% CI: −0.75 to −0.12) and increases the blood oxygen saturation (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.00 to −0.82) after procedure (all P < .05). No publication biases were detected by the funnel plots and Egger tests (all P > .05).

Conclusion:

Maternal voice is beneficial to reduce procedural pain and improve the physiological indicators in neonates. It is still necessary to conduct high-quality, large sample studies in the future to further elucidate the effect of maternal voice on neonatal pain care.
Investigating the quality of breakfast for female adolescents using a multi-method approach in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alashmali Shoug , Aljaaly Elham
Published: March 2023

Breakfast has been shown to provide nutritional adequacy and improve the healthy lifestyle status of adolescents. However, limited information is available on the quality of breakfast among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast among adolescents using a multiple-method approach in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in 3 public high schools in Al-Jumum, Saudi Arabia. High school females (n = 174) aged 15 to 18 years old were selected considering the regularity of consuming breakfast (≥ 4 d/wk and not after 10:00 a.m.). The quality of breakfast was assessed using 3 approaches: the modified Saudi food frequency questionnaire, the adapted method of breakfast quality, and the nutrient profile model. Sweet food items were consumed most frequently (64.9%, n = 113), followed by drinks (57.4%, n = 100), while the least frequently consumed items were sandwiches and burgers (43.52%, n = 76), snacks (41.9%, n = 72), and dairy and fats (41.8%, n = 71). The majority of breakfast eaters were classified as eating breakfasts of poor quality (50.6%), while the rest ate breakfasts of either good quality (38.1%) or very poor breakfast quality (10.8%). Based on the nutrient profile model of breakfast, high fat salt sugar (HFSS) food/drink items and non-HFSS items were consumed by 44.4% and 55.5% of the participants, respectively. This study showed that the majority of female adolescents consume poor-quality breakfast, mostly sweets and sweetened beverages. The nutrient content analysis emphasized these results by presenting a similar consumption of non-HFSS and HFSS breakfast foods. Future education programs on healthy breakfast options should be implemented among this population.
The effect of a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface in older adults: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Lee Junekyung , Chun Min Ho , Lee Jiyeon
Published: March 2023

Background:

Balance training on an unstable support surface has been known to improve postural control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface in older adults.

Methods:

A total of 28 older people were assigned to participate in a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface (experimental group) or on firm ground (control group). All participants received the training program for 55 minutes per session, 2 sessions per day for 5 days. The primary outcomes were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and single-leg stance (SLS) test. Secondary outcomes were Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Motricity Index (MI) of the lower extremities, and medical research council (MRC) scale of lower extremities.

Results:

SLS with eyes open and the MRC of the left and right ankles showed a large effect size whereas the MI of the left and right lower extremities and MRC of the left and right knees showed a medium effect size in the experimental group. Intergroup differences in changes from baseline to after the exercise program included a large effect size of the SLS with eye open and MI of the right lower extremity and a medium effect size of the MI of the left lower extremity and MRC of the right ankle and left hip.

Conclusions:

Muscle strength and balance of older people could be improved with gait and balance training on an unstable mudflat surface.
The MRI features of renal inflammatory pseudotumor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Han Yang , Yang Guoqiang , Du Jiangfeng , Tan Yan , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2023

Rationale:

Inflammatory pseudotumor is rare observed in renal immunoglobulin G4-related disease.

Patient concerns:

A 65-year-old female presented with a mass in the right kidney which was found in physical examination.

Diagnoses:

Based on the imaging findings and clinical manifestations, we preliminarily judged that the mass of the right kidney was renal cell carcinoma.

Interventions:

The patient finally underwent total nephrectomy.

Outcomes:

The final result of microscopic pathological examination is renal inflammatory pseudotumor.

Lessons:

There are some characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging of renal inflammatory pseudotumor, which can improve diagnosis rate by combining with medical history and clinical manifestations.