bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altas habilidades/superdotação: entre termos e linguagens
Authors: Rangni Rosemeire De Araújo , Resende da Costa Maria Piedade
Published: June 2021

A área das altas habilidades/superdotação apresenta algumas questões polêmicas, entre elas o uso de nomenclaturas ou termos que a defina. Este artigo objetiva o estudo sobre a utilização da terminologia na área de altas habilidades/superdotação por diversos autores brasileiros. Para tanto, foram pesquisados os artigos publicados na Revista Educação Especial, de Santa Maria, RS, edições de 2001 a 2010. As metodologias aditadas para a execução da pesquisa são a bilbliográfica e a documental. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o uso terminológico tanto nos títulos dos artigos como nas palavras-chave variam entre os autores, como também se observa que a linguagem utilizada na área de altas habilidades/superdotação pode causar conflitos no atendimento educacional a esse grupo de educandos. Palavras-chave: Altas habilidades/superdotação; Terminologia; Nomenclatura.
Reflexões sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem: diversidade e inclusão escolar
Authors: Covatti Fabio Aléssio Alfredo , Fischer Julianne
Published: June 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/4085Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as concepções e instrumentos de avaliação escolar por meio dos dizeres de professores do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal de Bombinhas/SC, sob a óptica teórica dos princípios da inclusão e avaliação escolar, nas resoluções mais recentes do MEC sobre diversidade e nas contribuições de Vygotsky. Optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa e como coleta de dados utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada. Para nortear a interpretação dos dizeres, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo. Compreendemos que os professores tendem a modificar pouco suas estratégias e métodos de ensino, procurando avaliar a todos de maneira igual, tornando assim comprometido a abrangência das diferenças na escola. Palavras-chave: Avaliação da aprendizagem; Inclusão escolar; Pesquisa qualitativa.
Excluindo sem saber
Authors: Zeppone Rosimeire Maria Orlando
Published: June 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/4127
Olhando as altas habilidades/superdotação com as lentes dos estudos curriculares
Authors: Freitas Soraia Napoleão , Stobäus Claus Dieter
Published: June 2021

Lançando um olhar sob o campo educacional, particularmente na docência e na pesquisa em Educação Especial, este artigo postula trazer visibilidade a uma discussão curricular fortemente marcada pela prática educativa de aprendizes com altas habilidades/superdotação, tendo como ‘farol sinalizador’ os princípios da política de inclusão escolar. Currículo é entendido como um território de conhecimento e poder, logo, seu processo de fabricação na esteira da vertente inclusiva – itinerário que visa solidificar um elo igualitário social – pode se colocar como agente potencializador de ações diferenciadas para a educação de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação, resguardando-os de momentos de discriminação, segregação e exclusão pessoal, familiar, escolar e social. Portanto, este artigo reveste-se num convite aos educadores para olharem as prerrogativas da educação inclusiva sob as lentes dos estudos curriculares. Palavras-chave: Currículo; Inclusão escolar; Altas habilidades/superdotação.
A caminhar para uma escola inclusiva em Portugal: os desafios sentidos pelos profissionais dos contextos educativos
Authors: Abreu Débora Carolina , Grande Catarina
Published: June 2021

A 6 de julho de 2018 foi promulgado o Decreto-lei 54/2018 revogando o anterior Decreto-lei 3/2008 que regulamentava a Educação Especial em Portugal. Em prol de uma escola verdadeiramente inclusiva, surge um quadro legal alinhado com uma visão holística e com uma abordagem contínua e integrada do percurso escolar. Como consequência desta alteração legislativa, surgiu o interesse por estudar este momento de transição vivenciado pelos profissionais nos contextos educativos. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa, com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas a 17 profissionais de contextos educativos portugueses, e à posterior análise categorial do seu conteúdo, procurámos compreender quais as dificuldades e soluções que estes/as profissionais apontavam neste momento inicial de transição legislativa. As categorias identificadas, basearam-se nos aspetos relevantes para os objetivos do estudo, nos conceitos e temas sugeridos pela literatura, e nas questões da entrevista. Foram identificadas diversas dificuldades, tais como, a falta de recursos (e.g., falta de formação, falta de tempo), a demarcação da legislação anterior e o ajustamento à nova definição de papéis por parte de toda a comunidade educativa (incluindo as famílias), e fatores de natureza macrossistémica como as características da classe docente e as incongruências nas informações disponibilizadas e nas exigências. Já como soluções, apontaram: apoio no domínio formativo, apoio emocional e apoio logístico (e.g., recursos humanos). Estes resultados indicam que, segundo estes/as profissionais, este foi um processo de transição pautado por diversas dificuldades passíveis de serem colmatadas pela agência conjunta de todos, desde instâncias superiores, estruturas intermédias, profissionais dos contextos educativos e famílias.
A importância da superação de barreiras entre família e escola para a construção de um trabalho colaborativo em prol da inclusão escolar do filho e aluno com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Rech Andréia Jaqueline Devalle , Freitas Soraia Napoleão
Published: June 2021

A inclusão escolar dos alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/SD) tem sido um desafio para alguns professores. Esse fato resulta do desconhecimento da temática das AH/SD, decorrente, possivelmente, das concepções equivocadas difundidas socialmente, somadas a uma formação inicial incipiente no que se refere aos alunos com AH/SD. Nesse contexto, é necessário formar redes de apoio para que se efetive a inclusão escolar destes alunos. Nesse sentido, a família pode ser uma rede de apoio e tornar-se parceira da escola. Este artigo buscou compreender a articulação entre família e escola, verificando as barreiras que dificultam essa parceria e identificando possíveis influências da família no processo de inclusão escolar do filho/aluno com AH/SD. Em relação ao método, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados selecionados foram: “Checklist da Rotina Compartilhada e Envolvimento entre Família-escola”, Versão para Professores e “Checklist da Rotina Compartilhada e Envolvimento entre Família-escola Versão Pais” (mãe, pai ou responsável), ambos validados por Dessen e Polonia (2011). Participaram da pesquisa 12 famílias com filhos identificados com AH/SD e 11 professoras. As considerações finais apontam para uma relação entre família e escola ainda incipiente, pois algumas barreiras foram identificadas, tendo prevalecido uma relação acusativa, o que pode estar dificultando a construção de uma relação de parceria. Foram pontuais os casos em que houve articulação entre ambas as instituições e que resultaram em maior influência/participação da família na vida escolar do filho com AH/SD.
A interseccionalidade dos estudos da EJA, Educação Inclusiva e Formação Docente: um estado do conhecimento
Authors: Brito Rayssa Maria Anselmo de , Silva Eduardo Jorge Lopes da
Published: June 2021

Presentes na Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA, as pessoas com deficiências conferem a esta modalidade da educação novas demandas formativas e práticas, por esta razão, o presente estudo visa analisar as pesquisas realizadas no campo da intersecção da EJA, Formação Docente e Educação Inclusiva, no período de 2017 a 2019. Para tanto, é realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo estado do conhecimento e, por meio desta, uma análise de conteúdo, a qual revela quais categorias são mais recorrentes nas pesquisas analisadas. Logo, são ressaltados 04 (quatro) trabalhos, sendo 03 (três) dissertações e 01 (uma) tese, as quais partindo de seus contextos locais, apontam para a necessidade de investir-se esforços em compreender e potencializar os processos inclusivos de jovens e adultos com deficiências na EJA por meio da formação docente, sendo a realização de estudos acadêmicos um caminho possível para apresentar novos horizontes e as pesquisas de caráter interventivo e colaborativo, as principais opções teóricos-metodológicas presentes nos trabalhos analisados.
Pessoas com deficiência em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19: algumas reflexões
Authors: Orlando Rosimeire Maria , Alves Suelen Priscila Ferreira , Meletti Silvia Márcia Ferreira
Published: June 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 acontece em um momento em que diversos países estão apoiados em uma política neoliberal e liderados por governos de extrema direita. O contexto brasileiro faz parte desse cenário mundial, destacando-se entre os países com maior número de casos e mortes. O desmonte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e da educação pública, anterior à pandemia, ampliaram os desafios para a manutenção da vida e escolarização. Essas condições se agravam ao pensarmos nas pessoas com deficiência. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é problematizar as condições de vida da população brasileira, principalmente das com deficiência, frente à pandemia e ao impacto na sua escolarização. A pesquisa de cunho descritivo, a partir de dados oficiais do poder público, aponta três pontos para reflexão acerca da pessoa com deficiência no que tange a presença dessa população no espaço geográfico, a relação com os grupos de risco e indicadores de pobreza e extrema pobreza. Por fim, pontuamos os possíveis impactos da pandemia na vida e na escolarização de pessoas com deficiência. Diante das barreiras socioculturais vivenciadas por essa população e de sua invisibilidade, nos dados acerca da pandemia, é extremamente importante nos debruçarmos sobre esta temática para que haja a possibilidade de planejamento e implementação de políticas para garantir a vida e escolarização desta população neste momento.
ideario educativo constitucional… inclusivo.
Authors: Rey Martínez Fernando
Published: June 2021

Este texto analiza el sentido y alcance del concepto de «ideario educativo constitucional» del art. 27.2 CE desde el punto de vista de la doctrina y de la jurisprudencia, y lo contrasta con su aplicación real en las escuelas. Se examinan los cuatro escenarios judiciales en los que ha sido necesario su uso: límite del ideario de las escuelas privadas, enseñanza en casa, asignatura «Educación para la ciudadanía» y enseñanza diferenciada por género. Se concluye que debe educarse en clase para la democracia, pero también que toda la escuela debe organizarse democráticamente a partir del concepto de educación inclusiva.
Vloga lipoproteina (a) v patogenezi ishemične bolezni srca, degenerativne aortne stenoze in srčnega popuščanja
Authors: Zavrtanik Mark , Rehberger Likozar Andreja , Šebeštjen Miran
Published: June 2021

Lipoprotein a [lipoprotein mali a, Lp (a)] je poznan in dobro raziskan dejavnik tveganja za aterosklerotične srčno-žilne bolezni. Lp (a) se s svojimi protrombogenimi in proaterogenimi lastnostmi pomembno vpleta v patogenezo ateroskleroze. Povišane koncentracije Lp (a) so se – neodvisno od ostalih dejavnikov tveganja – izkazale kot neodvisni napovedni dejavnik za miokardni infarkt oz. ishemično bolezen srca ter možgansko kap. Degenerativna aortna stenoza je najpogostejša bolezen zaklopk, povezana s podobnimi dejavniki tveganja kot ishemična bolezen srca. Povišane vrednosti Lp (a) igrajo pomembno vlogo tudi pri nastanku in napredovanju degenerativne aortne stenoze, saj Lp (a) sodeluje v procesu kalcificiranja zaklopke, ki je eden pomembnejših dejavnikov za razvoj bolezni. Patofiziološka vloga Lp (a) v nastanku degenerativne aortne stenoze pa se zrcali tudi v opazovalnih in genetskih raziskavah, v katerih so ugotovili, da so povišane vrednosti Lp (a) povezane z višjim tveganjem za stenozo aortne zaklopke. Nekoliko manj pa je jasna vloga hiperlipoproteinemije a pri razvoju srčnega popuščanja. Med polimorfizmi Lp (a) sta dva povezana z razvojem srčnega popuščanja (rs3798220 in rs10455872). Povečini je srčno popuščanje pri populaciji s povišanimi vrednostmi Lp (a) posledica miokardnega infarkta oz. ishemične bolezni srca ter degenerativne aortne stenoze. Kljub temu pa je polimorfizem rs3798220 povezan z višjo pojavnostjo srčnega popuščanja, ki ni posledica ishemične bolezni srca ali aortne stenoze. V preglednem članku predstavljamo patofiziološki in klinični pomen hiperlipoproteinemije a pri ishemični bolezni srca, degenerativni aortni stenozi ter srčnem popuščanju, vključno z razpravljanjem.
Kakovost življenja bolnikov z rakom glave in vratu, zdravljenih z radioterapijo: prospektivna samoocena z vprašalnikoma EORTC QLQ-C30 in QLQ-H&N35
Authors: Gradišar Kaja , Gosak Maja , Strojan Primož
Published: June 2021

Izhodišče: Kakovost življenja (KŽ) slovenskih bolnikov z rakom glave in vratu (RGV), zdravljenih z radioterapijo (RT), še ni bila sistematično ovrednotena z mednarodno uveljavljenimi orodji, kar bi omogočilo primerjavo z rezultati tujih raziskav.

Metode: 40 bolnikov z RGV, zdravljenih s primarno (N=23) RT ali RT po operaciji (N=17), je pred pričetkom RT, ob koncu RT in 10–12 tednov po zaključku zdravljenja izpolnilo dva validirana in v slovenščino prevedena vprašalnika Evropske organizacije za raziskovanje in zdravljenje raka (EORTC): splošen vprašalnik QLQ-C30, namenjen bolnikom z različnimi vrstami raka, in vprašalnik QLQ-H&N35, namenjen bolnikom z RGV. Kot klinično pomembne smo opredelili statistično pomembne razlike med dvema meritvama, ki so znašale 10 točk ali več.

Rezultati: Pred RT so imeli slabšo KŽ bolniki s traheostomo ali hranilno sondo, kadilci, bolniki s pridruženimi boleznimi in s človeškim virusom papiloma nepovezanimi raki. Intenzivnost zdravljenja (višji odmerek RT, dodatek kemoterapije k RT) je pomembno vplivala na KŽ ob koncu RT, ne pa tudi 10–12 tednov po zdravljenju. Analiza dinamike spreminjanja kazalcev KŽ je potrdila, da se v večini primerov stanje vrne na raven pred začetkom RT. Izjema so bili kazalci, povezani z okvarami bolnikovega sistema okušanja in slinjenja, ki so specifične za RT: njihova končna ocena je bila pomembno slabša kot ocena pred RT.

Zaključek: Ocene različnih kazalcev KŽ pri slovenskih bolnikih z RGV pred, med in po RT so primerljive z rezultati podobnih analiz v tujini. KŽ po zdravljenju z RT je odvisna predvsem od stopnje okvar okušanja in slinjenja, kar vpliva tudi na požiranje.
Akademska medicina v Sloveniji: gibalo razvoja ali nepotrebno razkošje?
Authors: Švab Igor , Komadina Radko , Takač Iztok , Šoštarič Maja
Published: June 2021

Akademska klinična medicina je gibalo razvoja medicinske znanosti in stroke v vsakem sistemu zdravstvenega varstva. To področje medicine v Sloveniji terja boljšo zakonsko ureditev. Prispevek predstavlja stanje na tem področju v Sloveniji in razlog za to, da tako stanje vztraja, ter posledice, ki bodo nastale, če se stanje ne bo spremenilo. Uvodnik zaključujemo s pozivom slovenski stroki in politiki k reševanju tega problema.
HEURISTICS FOR COLLABORATIVE SOFTWARE DESIGN
Authors: CEPERO GARCÍA MARÍA TERESA , MONTANE  JIMENEZ LUIS GERARDO , TOLEDO TOLEDO GUADALUPE , BENITEZ GUERRERO EDGARD IVAN , MEZURA GODOY CARMEN
Published: June 2021

Collaborative software (groupware) provides the means for a group of people to develop team activities. These systems provide information that helps people understand events beyond their current tasks, e.g., understanding who is participating, where they are, what they are saying, and what they are doing.
LOW-COST CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY "EC" AND THE TEMPERATURE "T" IN BRACKISH WATERS
Authors: LEON ZERPA FEDERICO , RAMOS MARTIN ALEJANDRO
Published: June 2021

This article presents a low-cost experimental design proposal to understand and learn the relationship between the electrical conductivity CE of brackish water and its temperature T, in which an embedded system (Arduino Nano). This design has been made to be used as good practices in subjects of the University Degrees with competences in the area of production and water treatment, both for civil and industrial consumption, mainly in the School of Engineering. Industrial and Civil of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Furthermore, this design is mainly characterized by its versatility, when considering different situations, and using free tools and open source; both regarding computer applications, as in the components and elements used. This last aspect turns out to be an important characteristic, as it will allow the design to be modified, economically, according to future needs, by the students or by the teachers. A series of tests have been implemented with different types of common salts in brackish waters, at different temperatures. Results obtained from the design are shown, following suitable methods to observe the variability of the electrical conductivity of the solutions with the temperature, and with the type of salt used. These experimental results demonstrate that the experimental design can be used to understand and learn the proposed objective, as well as to obtain the relationship between CE and T, in the form of a straight line fit.

Keywords: Electrical conductivity, reverse osmosis, water quality
THEORETICAL STUDY FOR REDESIGN OF AN AGRICULTURAL PACKAGE APPLYING ECODESIGN STRATEGIES AND CAD/CAE TOOLS
Authors: PÉREZ  ORTEGA SEBASTIÁN , GONZALEZ YEBRA OSCAR , OLIVA ROCIO , ÁLVAREZ MARTÍNEZ ANTONIO JESÚS
Published: June 2021

Plastic waste derived from the packaging industry currently represents an important environmental problem. Therefore, it is necessary for product designers and engineers to become aware of this fact and seek to incorporate the environmental vector when designing, redesigning, and developing containers and packaging, so that they are more sustainable and eco-effectiveness.
Starting from this premise, the following objectives have been proposed in this work: (1) study and identification of possible Ecodesign strategies to apply to an existing agricultural package (model used in the collection and distribution of fruit and vegetable products); (2) to propose a redesign of the package studied, applying the information and knowledge obtained previously; (3) comparative analysis between the existing (commercial) package and the redesign proposal developed. In order to respond to this approach, work has been carried out with CAD/CAE tools (SolidWorks 3D CADTM software).
The results obtained from the case study developed in this work indicate that the application of CAD/CAE tools supported by the proposed Ecodesign strategies can be a very useful and effective instrument in the design and development of this type of packaging, for practical application in the agro-food and packaging industry, which can facilitate in the short to medium term the transition to a circular economy model, based on the "Cradle to Cradle" concept.
Four phases of video streaming
Authors: Dahl Mads Ronald , Lauritzen Kasper , Musaeus Peter
Published: June 2021

This article examines video streaming in teaching situations with varying degrees of student activation ranging from lectures to team-based learning. The article is a case study of the implementation of video streaming at the Department of Medicine, Aarhus University. The aim of the article is to develop a model of video streaming in student-centered teaching. The research question is what characterizes the phases of video streaming in relation to student-centered teaching? The article develops a model with four phases of video streaming based on the case study and the literature on learning design. The article argues that both educators, e-moderators and students play a role in making video streaming a useful teaching technology. There are advantages to embedding the technology in a social educational context in relation to roles and phases of teaching. In collaboration with educators, instructional developers must learn to see the possibilities of video streaming from the perspective of the instructional process.
Åben skole i Region Sjælland
Authors: Buch Bettina , Skovlund Jensen Mari-Ann , Hansen Dorrit , Brænder Birgit
Published: June 2021

I artiklen gennemgås en undersøgelse af brugen af åben skole i Region Sjællands kommuner. Data udgøres af hjemmesider fra 16 kommuner samt interviews med en kontaktperson fra 14 kommuner. Data er analyseret ud fra ministeriets bekendtgørelses fire kategorier af åben skole-samarbejde: kultur, natur, foreninger, erhvervsliv samt forhold som kommunale strategier og indsatser og graden af forpligtelse for lærerne. Studiet viser, at kommunerne i regionen er godt i gang med at implementere åben skole, men at der er store forskelle kommunerne imellem. Studiet viser, at især samarbejdet med kulturinstitutioner er stærkt, men også foreninger og erhvervsliv er godt repræsenteret. Til slut diskuteres forholdet mellem åben skole og skole uden for skolen, gensidigheden i samarbejdet og områder, der stadig kræverbelysning gennem forskning.
The assessment of human bioclimate of Vranje health resort (Serbia) based on Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with the focus on extreme biothermal conditions
Authors: Pecelj Milica , Błażejczyk Anna , Vagić Nemanja , Ivanović Peca
Published: June 2021

The study deals with an assessment and interpretation of the bioclimatic conditions in Vranje (southern Serbia). The study aims at temporal distributions of bioclimatic conditions focussing on extreme thermal stress based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The meteorological data required for the calculation of UTCI concern hourly (7 and 14 CET) weather data collected for the period 2000-2017. The frequency of very strong heat stress (VSHS), very strong cold stress (VSCS) and extreme cold stress (ECS) for both morning and midday hours. Furthermore, the daily difference of the UTCI hourly values (diurnal UTCI change) are specified, giving the daily variance of heat and cold stress. The results revealed the frequency of days in which thermal stress prevails for the studied period. The obtained results show an increase in extreme heat biothermal conditions, while extreme cold biothermal conditions are in decline, especially in the last 10 years. However, the frequency (the number of days) of very strong heat stress (VSHS) increased since 2007. A spectacular increase in heat stress was observed in the month of September, particularly in 2015.
The influence of air temperature diversity in Central Europe on the occurrence of very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland in winter months
Authors: Owczarek Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research was to illustrate the relationship between the occurrence of very strong and extreme cold stress among human beings under the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) across Poland and largescale near-surface air temperature over the central part of Europe. The statistical downscaling procedure of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with respect to the period between 1971 and 2000 was applied to extract the main modes of large-scale factors and their local responses. The greatest frequency of occurrence of the discussed cold stress exceeded 35% in January. Most of the variance (39-44%) of the local field in each winter month is explained by the first coupled canonical maps. T he main patterns of large-scale field show negative anomalies of monthly mean air temperature in central Europe from -1°C up to -3°C. It can indicate an increase in frequency of the occurrence of analysed cold stress categories throughout the entire area of Poland, by 2% to even over 10%, depending on the region. The best quality model was obtained in eastern Poland, especially in the north-east and south-west of Poland.
Policies Matter: Closing the Reporting and Transparency Gaps in the use of Restraint, Seclusion, and Time-Out Rooms in Schools
Authors: Bartlett Nadine Alice , Ellis Taylor Floyd
Published: June 2021

Information about the use of physical restraint, seclusion, and time-out rooms in Canadian schools has primarily been anecdotal (media reports and anonymous survey data) due to uneven and non-existent mandates for reporting, transparency and public accountability. The absence of clearly articulated mandates to provide written documentation and publicly available data has allowed this issue to remain obscured from public scrutiny and has severely hampered advocacy efforts for students with disabilities, who are disproportionately impacted. Building upon a prior policy analysis that investigated the policy landscape of physical restraint, seclusion, and time-out in Canadian educational jurisdictions, the current policy analysis explores an additional variable, which was not previously considered, notably the degree to which educational jurisdictions provide clear regulatory requirements to document, report, and review incidents of physical restraint, seclusion, and time-out rooms in schools. Findings indicate that inconsistent reporting requirements have created glaring gaps and loopholes in accountability mechanisms that severely disadvantage students with disabilities. Recommendations include problematizing the institutionalized structures that enable information about the use of restraint, seclusion, and time-out to be filtered and concealed, and identifying guiding principles, which are grounded in research, that can provide a framework for much needed regulatory standards relative to this issue.
Enhancing high harmonic generation in bilayer MoS2 by interlayer atomic dislocation
Authors: Yao Hui-Dong , Cui Bo , Ma Si-Qi , Yu Chao , Lu Rui-Feng ,   Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the high-order harmonic generation by the interaction between strong laser and bilayer MoS2 material is studied by numerically solving the multi-band semiconductor Bloch equations. It is found that the conversion efficiency of high-order harmonics generated by T-stacking bilayer MoS2 is one order of magnitude higher than that of AA-stacking bilayer MoS2. The theoretical analysis shows that due to the breaking of crystal symmetry under the atomic level dislocation, part of the interband forbidden transition paths are opened, and the excitation channels of interband transition are increased, which greatly increases the carrier transition probability and enhances the high-order harmonic conversion efficiency. In addition, the study of wavelength scaling of harmonic yield shows that the enhanced high-order harmonics in T-stacking bilayer are better wavelength-dependent under the action of a long wavelength laser (> 2000 nm). This work provides a new idea of how to optimize and enhance the conversion efficiency of solid-state high-order harmonics.
Nanoscape, a data-driven 3D real-time interactive virtual cell environment
Authors: Kadir Shereen R , Lilja Andrew , Gunn Nick , Strong Campbell , Hughes Rowan T , Bailey Benjamin J , Rae James , Parton Robert G , McGhee John
Published: June 2021

Our understanding of cellular and structural biology has reached unprecedented levels of detail, and computer visualisation techniques can be used to create three-dimensional (3D) representations of cells and their environment that are useful in both teaching and research. However, extracting and integrating the relevant scientific data, and then presenting them in an effective way, can pose substantial computational and aesthetic challenges. Here we report how computer artists, experts in computer graphics and cell biologists have collaborated to produce a tool called Nanoscape that allows users to explore and interact with 3D representations of cells and their environment that are both scientifically accurate and visually appealing. We believe that using Nanoscape as an immersive learning application will lead to an improved understanding of the complexities of cellular scales, densities and interactions compared with traditional learning modalities.
The Ca2+-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a positive regulator of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Guo Yang , Yu Ze-Yan , Wu Jianxin , Gong Hutao , Kesteven Scott , Iismaa Siiri E , Chan Andrea Y , Holman Sara , Pinto Silvia , Pironet Andy , Cox Charles D , Graham Robert M , Vennekens Rudi , Feneley Michael P , Martinac Boris
Published: June 2021

Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to pressure overload and remains the single most important clinical predictor of cardiac mortality. The molecular pathways in the induction of pressure overload LVH are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to remove the pressure overload stimulus for LVH, but do not completely reverse adverse cardiac remodelling. Although numerous molecular signalling steps in the induction of LVH have been identified, the initial step by which mechanical stretch associated with cardiac pressure overload is converted into a chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling remains unresolved. In this study, we show that selective deletion of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channels in mouse cardiomyocytes results in an approximately 50% reduction in the LVH induced by transverse aortic constriction. Our results suggest that TRPM4 channel is an important component of the mechanosensory signalling pathway that induces LVH in response to pressure overload and represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the prevention of pathological LVH.
Organelle calcium-derived voltage oscillations in pacemaker neurons drive the motor program for food-seeking behavior in Aplysia
Authors: Bédécarrats Alexis , Puygrenier Laura , Castro O'Byrne John , Lade Quentin , Simmers John , Nargeot Romuald
Published: June 2021

The expression of motivated behaviors depends on both external and internally arising neural stimuli, yet the intrinsic releasing mechanisms for such variably occurring behaviors remain elusive. In isolated nervous system preparations of Aplysia, we have found that irregularly expressed cycles of motor output underlying food-seeking behavior arise from regular membrane potential oscillations of varying magnitude in an identified pair of interneurons (B63) in the bilateral buccal ganglia. This rhythmic signal, which is specific to the B63 cells, is generated by organelle-derived intracellular calcium fluxes that activate voltage-independent plasma membrane channels. The resulting voltage oscillation spreads throughout a subset of gap junction-coupled buccal network neurons and by triggering plateau potential-mediated bursts in B63, can initiate motor output driving food-seeking action. Thus, an atypical neuronal pacemaker mechanism, based on rhythmic intracellular calcium store release and intercellular propagation, can act as an autonomous intrinsic releaser for the occurrence of a motivated behavior.
Importancia de la determinación de variantes en el número de copias en neonatos con aneuploidías autosómicas
Authors: Abarca Hugo , Trubnykova Milana , Chavesta Félix , Ordóñez Marco , Rondón Evelina
Published: June 2021

Introducción. Las aneuploidías son trastornos genéticos frecuentes en la práctica clínica; sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre las otras variantes genéticas que modifican el fenotipo final.Objetivo. Determinar las variantes en el número de copias y las regiones con pérdida de heterocigosidad autosómica mayor de 0,5 % o de regiones mayores de 10 Mb en neonatos con aneuploidías autosómicas.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo el análisis cromosómico por micromatrices a los neonatos con aneuploidías autosómicas (n=7), trisomía 21 (n=5) y trisomía 18 (n=2) evaluados en los hospitales Antonio Lorena y Regional de Cusco, Perú, en el 2018.Resultados. En dos neonatos se encontraron variantes en el número de copias, patogénicas o probablemente patogénicas, en regiones diferentes al cromosoma 21 o al 18. Además, se observaron dos variantes del número de copias con más de 500 kpb de patogenia desconocida.Conclusiones. Si bien el número de pacientes era muy reducido, es importante resaltar que se encontraron otras variantes en el número de copias que se han descrito asociadas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo, varias anomalías congénitas, hipoacusia y talla baja o alta, entre otras, lo que probablemente influye negativamente en el fenotipo de este grupo de pacientes.
Complicaciones intrahospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos
Authors: Coca David José , Castelblanco Sandra Milena , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos
Published: June 2021

Introducción. Las complicaciones hospitalarias ocurren con gran frecuencia en personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas y conllevan peores resultados clínicos. Son pocos los estudios sobre los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en la atención de adultos mayores.Objetivo. Evaluar los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Bogotá, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional analítico basado en una cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó 1.657 pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad de hospitalización en Bogotá, Colombia. La variable dependiente fueron las complicaciones hospitalarias y, las independientes, la dependencia funcional, la demencia, el estado nutricional, el soporte social, las comorbilidades y la polifarmacia. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal de Poisson para determinar las variables asociadas.Resultados. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que la dependencia funcional (razón de prevalencia, RP=2,092; p≤0,001) y la malnutrición (RP=2,850; p≤0,001) eran factores asociados con una mayor tasa de complicaciones hospitalarias. En el análisis multivariado aparecían como factores independientes (dependencia funcional: RP=1,931 y p=0,003; malnutrición: RP=2,502 y p=0,002).Conclusión. El hacer una evaluación integral que permita determinar la dependencia funcional y la malnutrición en el momento de ingreso en las unidades de hospitalización, permitiría predecir complicaciones hospitalarias.
Desigualdades en el control odontológico prenatal en Colombia, un análisis a partir del IV Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal 2013-2014
Authors: Maldonado-Maldonado Lorena Alexandra , Misnaza-Castrillón Sandra Patricia , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos Andrés
Published: June 2021

Introducción. La atención odontológica es esencial para garantizar el derecho a una maternidad saludable. En Colombia, las políticas de atención prenatal incorporan la promoción, prevención y atención en salud bucal como parte de la atención integral que deben recibir las mujeres gestantes en el sistema de salud, sin embargo, no se hace un seguimiento sistemático del cumplimiento de estas directrices.Objetivo. Explorar la atención efectiva y las desigualdades sociales en la prestación y el uso del control odontológico prenatal en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con datos de las mujeres gestantes reportadas en el Cuarto Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal, 2013-2014. Se estimaron las desigualdades sociales absolutas y relativas, según zona de residencia, pertenencia étnica, nivel educativo, régimen de afiliación a los servicios de salud y estrato socioeconómico.Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 1.050 mujeres gestantes. El 88,37 % recibió control prenatal y, el 57,19 %, control odontológico. Se observó un patrón general de brechas sociales en el uso efectivo de este último servicio, principalmente en función del aseguramiento. Las mujeres gestantes con mayor posibilidad de recibir atención odontológica prenatal fueron aquellas con algún aseguramiento en salud (razón de prevalencias, RP=2,62; IC95% 2,12-3,12), residentes en zonas urbanas (RP=1,37; IC95% 1,18-1,56), con nivel educativo técnico o superior (RP=1,20; IC95% 1,02-1,38) o de estratos sociales medios o altos (RP=1,15; IC95% 1,01-1,29).Conclusiones. En Colombia, la prestación efectiva del control odontológico a mujeres gestantes como parte de la atención prenatal integral, sigue siendo un reto. Se requieren importantes esfuerzos para cumplir las normas y reducir las desigualdades sociales en el acceso a este servicio.
Hombre de 18 años con síndrome verrugoso tropical: ¿leishmaniasis o esporotricosis?
Authors: Macías Paola , Ordóñez Juliana , Arenas Claudia M. , Rodríguez Gerzaín
Published: June 2021

El síndrome verrugoso tropical comprende condiciones cutáneas infecciosas, crónicas y granulomatosas que cursan con placas, nódulos o úlceras verrugosas, de ahí su nombre. Este síndrome incluye la cromoblastomicosis, la esporotricosis, la paracoccidioidomicosis, la lobomicosis, la leishmaniasis y la tuberculosis cutánea verrugosa, todas ellas enfermedades de amplia distribución en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. Sus diagnósticos pueden ser difíciles y confundirse entre sí, lo cual es más frecuente entre la esporotricosis y la leishmaniasis. Para distinguirlas se recurre a criterios clínicos y epidemiológicos, y a métodos diagnósticos como intradermorreacción, examen directo, biopsia, cultivo, inmunofluorescencia y PCR, algunos de los cuales no son de uso común. El diagnóstico preciso conduce al tratamiento adecuado. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 18 años con extensas placas verrugosas en una rodilla, inicialmente interpretadas como leishmaniasis verrugosa por la clínica, la epidemiología y la biopsia. Se le trató con Glucantime® durante 20 días, pero no presentó mejoría, por lo que se tomó una nueva biopsia que también se interpretó como leishmaniasis cutánea. La revisión de ambas biopsias evidenció inflamación con granulomas abscedados y presencia de cuerpos asteroides esporotricósicos, que condujeron al diagnóstico de esporotricosis, el cual se confirmó luego con el cultivo del hongo. Las lesiones remitieron con la administración de itraconazol.La clínica y la epidemiología de la leishmaniasis y las de la esporotricosis pueden ser semejantes, por lo que la biopsia y los estudios de laboratorio son esenciales para establecer el diagnóstico. El cuerpo asteroide esporotricósico es patognomónico de esta entidad.
The impact of PIT tags on the growth and survival of pythons is insignificant in randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taggart Patrick L. , Morris Stephen , Caraguel Charles G.B.
Published: June 2021

Individual identification is fundamental to the study of captive and wild animals but can have adverse impacts if the method of identification is inappropriate for the species or question of interest. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to test whether passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags reduced the growth or survival of pythons. We randomly allocated 200 captive-bred Burmese python (Python bivittatus) hatchlings into two groups, tagged versus untagged. Hatchlings were individually identified using a combination of PIT tags and unique colour patterns, and their mass, snout-vent length (SVL) and body condition measured at 9, 73, 134, 220, 292 and 385 days of age. We recorded the date of all mortalities. Python morphometrics and their rate of change increased or fluctuated non-linearly with age. The impact of PIT tagging on python body mass and body mass growth over the 376 day study period was insignificant. PIT tagging additionally had an insignificant impact on python survival. However, we found minor differences in SVL growth between tagged and untagged pythons. These differences peaked at approximately 0.5 mm/day and appeared to drive similar, but more pronounced, differences between tagged and untagged pythons in their rate of change in body condition; peaking at approximately 3–4 g/day. While we cannot be certain that these small differences are, or are not, biologically meaningful, they nonetheless appear to be short-term and readily resolved. Unsurprisingly, the strongest driver of python growth was their age, with growth rapidly increasing or highest amongst younger snakes for all measures of size. Python sex was associated with their body mass and survival, with higher mass but lower survival amongst females. Python size at hatching did not impact on their growth or survival. Our results confirm that PIT tags are a valuable and effective tool for the identification and tracking of captive pythons, and snakes generally, and meet high safety and animal welfare standards.
Whole blood fatty acid concentrations in the San Cristóbal Galápagos tortoise(Chelonoidis chathamensis)
Authors: Dass Khushboo , Lewbart Gregory A. , Muñoz-Pérez Juan Pablo , Yépez Maryuri I. , Loyola Andrea , Chen Emile , Páez-Rosas Diego
Published: June 2021

To continue releasing San Cristóbal Galápagos tortoises housed in managed-care facilities at the Giant Tortoise Breeding Center of Galápagos National Park (Galapaguera de Cerro Colorado) to the Otoy Ecological Farm, health assessments and physical examinations were conducted. As a part of these wellness examinations, blood was drawn from 11 tortoises to analyze fatty acid concentrations. Fatty acid levels can provide insight into the nutritional profiles, immune status, and reproductive health of vertebrates. To the co-author’s knowledge, there is no current information about fatty acids in this species. It was hypothesized that there would be inherent differences based on the different geographic ranges, diets, sex, and age of turtles. It was noted that theω-6/ω-3 ratio was higher for the breeding center than for the ecological farm and that overall polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) did not have any significant differences. Theω-6/ω-3 findings can contribute to a global picture of these fatty acids across taxa, as reptiles are underrepresented in this area of research. Additional results are a resourceful starting point for future investigations into how fatty acids are affected in Galápagos tortoises.
Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Miglani Sanjay , Tani-Ishii Nobuyuki
Published: June 2021

Background

Control over microbial growth is a crucial factor in determining the success of endodontic therapy. Enterococcus faecalis is the most resistant biofilm-forming species leading to endodontic failure. Hence, the current researches are directed towards discovering materials with superior disinfection properties and lesser cytotoxicity. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize biogenically produced Selenium Nanoparticles, and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy, against Enterococcus Faecalis, for the following test groups: Group I: Distilled water (control), Group II: SeNPs (1 mg/ml), Group III: Calcium hydroxide (1 mg/ml), Group IV: 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Group V: 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Materials and Methods

Selenium nanoparticles were derived using fresh guava leaves (Psidium guajava) and were characterized. The antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The antibiofilm efficacy of the test groups was observed by viable cell count, antibiofilm assay, and Anthrone and Bradford’s tests. The morphology of the biofilms was analysed using the Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy.

Results

Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of all tested solutions showed superior antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy when compared to the control group. Overall, SeNPs (Group II) was the most effective against E. faecalis biofilm, followed by NaOCl (Group V), CHX (Group IV), and Ca(OH)2 (Group III).

Conclusion

Biogenically produced SeNPs emerged as a novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against E. faecalis. This nano-formulation demonstrates the potential to be developed as a root canal disinfectant combating bacterial biofilm in endodontics after the results have been clinically extrapolated.
Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures Utilizing Copper Slag
Authors: Ravishankar Chavan , Nagakumar M.S , Krishnegowda H K , Prasad Abhilash R
Published: June 2021

Study work on the effectivenessand use of Industrial by-products(IBP)in flexible pavements is restricted. Several factors however need to be analyzed specifically before a greater proportion of industrial by-products can be used in bituminous concrete mixtures with a high level of confidence.Effects of copper slag on volumetric and strengthparameters such as Marshall Parameters, static tensile properties, and moisture resistivityof bituminous concrete mixtures using copper slag as mineral fillers need to be examined and thoroughly analyzed.Quantitative analyses of the elements and the morphology of the copper slag have been studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer(EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The use of copper slag as a mineral filler in bituminous concrete grade-2 mixtures showed an increase in stability, indirecttensile strength,and moisture resistance compared to traditional mixtures
A review on characteristics of pervious concrete using recycled aggregate.
Authors: Navaz Aaliya , Paul Anju
Published: June 2021

Pervious concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregate mixed with water. The absence of fine aggregate helps increase the voids and water can pass through these gaps and reaches to ground level. The use of recycled coarse aggregates from construction and demolition is a sustainable solution with many environmental benefits and also reduces the number of virgin aggregates to be created, hence reducing the extraction of natural resources. This paper reviews the research developments of pervious concrete by replacing natural aggregates with different percentages of recycled coarse aggregate. The papers under consideration of review have conducted to identify various properties of pervious concrete such as mechanical and hydrological properties.
A feasibility study on calcareous soil stabilization using polymers in Barka region
Authors: Al Jahwari Mohammed , Satyanarayana S.V.
Published: June 2021

In the Gulf region most of the soils require soil stabilization to increase soil bearing capacity for construction of safe and sustainable buildings. The soils are stabilized either by physical stabilization, chemical stabilization or by mechanical stabilization. The aim of this project is to stabilize calcareous soil in the Barka region with synthetic polymers. The soil samples from the Barka region collected by using standard soil sampling methods. The synthetic polymer was mixed with the calcareous soil in 1%, 3% and 5%. The soil samples were tested for sieve analysis, Atterberg Limit, Particle Density, Proctor test and California Bearing Ratio test before and after addition of synthetic polymer. It was observed that there is a positive impact on the geotechnical properties of soil with the addition of Polymer. The optimum moisture content of the soil reduced and the maximum dry density of the soil increased. The optimum results were found at 5% addition of polymer where the optimum moisture content was found out to be 12.6% and the maximum dry density was found out to be 1.997 Mg/m3. The Atterberg limit test to show that the plasticity index of the soil reduced with the addition of polymer and the optimum results were found out at 5% addition of polymer. Finally, the CBR test results determine that the soil bearing capacity increases with the addition of Polymer. After the addition of 5% Polymer, the CBR value was found out to be 27.465% compared to 14.19% for the fresh calcareous soil. The results are encouraging.
Comparative study of finite element analysis of steel silos with rectangular and Istiffeners.
Authors: Anil Neethu Elsa , Lakshmi P
Published: June 2021

Silos are used by a wide range of industries to store bulk solids in quantities ranging from a few tones to hundreds or thousands of tones. Theycan be constructed of steel or reinforced concrete. Steel bins range from heavily stiffened flat plate structures to efficient unstiffened shell structures. They can be closed or open. They are subjected to many different static and dynamic loading conditions, mainly due to the unique characteristics of stored materials. Wind and earthquake load often undermine the stability of the silos. A steel silo with and without stiffeners is adopted and static structural analysis and dynamic analysis is done. The analysis is done by idealizing geometry, material and boundary conditions.