bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation
Authors: Mulligan Riley P. M. , Eyles Carolyn H. , Marich Andrea S.
Published: April 2019

Regional‐scale, high‐resolution terrain data permit the study of landforms across south‐central Ontario, where the bed of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet is well exposed and passes downflow from irregular topography on Precambrian Shield highlands to flat‐lying Palaeozoic carbonate bedrock, and thick (50 to >200 m) unconsolidated sediment substrates. Rock drumlins and megagrooves are eroded into bedrock and mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGL) occur on patchy streamlined till residuals in the Algonquin Highlands. Downflow, MSGL pass into juxtaposed rock and drift drumlins on Palaeozoic bedrock and predominantly till‐cored drumlins in areas of thick drift. The Lake Simcoe Moraines, now traceable for more than 80 km across the Peterborough drumlin field (PDF), form a distinct morphological boundary: downflow of the moraine system, drumlins are larger, broader and show no indication of subsequent reworking by the ice, whereas upflow of the moraines, a higher degree of complexity in bedform pattern and morphology is distinguished. Discrete radial and/or cross‐cutting flowset terminate at subtle till‐cored moraine ridges downflow of local topographic lows, indicating multiple phases of late‐stage ice flow with strong local topographic steering. More regional‐scale flow switching is evident as NW‐orientated bedforms modify drumlins south of the Oak Ridges Moraine, and radial flowset emanate from areas within the St. Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys. Most of the drumlins in the PDF formed during an early, regional drumlinization phase of NE–SW flow that followed the deposition of a thick regional till sheet. These were subsequently modified by local‐scale, topographically controlled flows that terminate at till‐cored moraines, providing evidence that the superimposed bedforms record dynamic ice (re)advances throughout the deglaciation of south‐central Ontario. The patterns and relationships of glacial landform distribution and characteristics in south‐central Ontario hold significance for many modern and palaeo‐ice sheets, where similar downflow changes in bed topography and substrate lithology are observed.
HLA-E: exploiting pathogen-host interactions for vaccine development
Authors: Sharpe H R , Bowyer G , Brackenridge S , Lambe T
Published: April 2019

Viruses, when used as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery, can induce strong cellular and humoral responses against target epitopes. Recent work by Hansen et al. describes the use of a cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccine, which is able to generate a stable effector-memory T cell population at the sites of vaccination in rhesus macaques. This vaccine, targeted towards multiple epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), did not induce classical CD8+ T cells. However, non-canonical CD8+ T cell induction occurred via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC-E. The MHC-E-restricted T cells could recognize broad epitopes across the SIV peptides, and conferred protection against viral challenge to 55% of vaccinated macaques. The human homologue, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E, is now being targeted as a new avenue for vaccine development. In humans, HLA-E is an unusually oligomorphic class Ib MHC molecule, in comparison to highly polymorphic MHC class Ia. Whereas MHC class Ia presents peptides derived from pathogens to T cells, HLA-E classically binds defined leader peptides from class Ia MHC peptides and down-regulates NK cell cytolytic activity when presented on the cell surface. HLA-E can also restrict non-canonical CD8+ T cells during natural infection with various pathogens, although the extent to which they are involved in pathogen control is mostly unknown. In this review, an overview is provided of HLA-E and its ability to interact with NK cells and non-canonical T cells. Also discussed are the unforeseen beneficial effects of vaccination, including trained immunity of NK cells from bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and the broad restriction of non-canonical CD8+ T cells by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccines in pre-clinical trials.
Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions
Authors: Travers Henry , Archer Lucy J. , Mwedde Geoffrey , Roe Dilys , Baker Julia , Plumptre Andrew J. , Rwetsiba Aggrey , Milner‐Gulland E.J.
Published: April 2019

In conservation understanding the drivers of behavior and developing robust interventions to promote behavioral change is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach. This is particularly true for efforts to address illegal wildlife use, where pervasive—and sometimes simplistic—narratives often obscure complex realities. We used an indirect questioning approach, the unmatched count technique, to investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding 2 national parks in Uganda and combined scenario interviews and a choice experiment to predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, we found that better‐off households and those subject to human–wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks’ tourism revenue sharing were more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting. The interventions predicted to have the greatest impact on reducing local participation in wildlife crime were those that directly addressed the drivers including, mitigating damage caused by wildlife and generating financial benefits for park‐adjacent households. Our triangulated approach provided insights into complex and hard‐to‐access behaviors and highlighted the importance of going beyond single‐driver narratives.
Multiperiod Stochastic Resource Planning in Professional Services Organizations
Authors: Solomon Stanislaus , Li Haitao , Womer Keith , Santos Cipriano
Published: April 2019

Resource planning (RP) in a professional service organization matches workforce resources with project tasks while considering a myriad of factors such as skill requirements, service delivery role, skill type, workforce proficiency level, and geographical location. The multiperiod stochastic resource planning studied in this article extends the one‐period deterministic resource planning by explicitly coping with both internal resource attrition and project demand uncertainty in a sequential decision‐making framework. It allows resource managers to make effective use of their internal resources and identify the need to outsource to external contingent resources. We model the multiperiod stochastic resource planning as a Markov decision process and implement an approximate dynamic programming algorithm to obtain dynamic and adaptive solutions in reasonable computation times. A comprehensive computational study shows that our approximate dynamic programming algorithm achieves higher profitability and internal resource utilization compared to the rolling horizon approach used as a benchmark.
LEFT FOR DEAD: ANTI‐COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR IN ORBITAL SPACE
Authors: Adilov Nodir , Cunningham Brendan M. , Alexander Peter J. , Duvall Jerry , Shiman Daniel R.
Published: April 2019

In a dynamic investment framework with depreciation, we show incumbent satellite operators have incentives to “warehouse” a fraction of their assigned spectrum and orbital slots, keeping nonoperational assets in place, which reduces output, increases prices, and diminishes social welfare. Exploring three distinct market structures, we model firms' incentives to warehouse, and show conditions under which firms choose to warehouse rather than replace nonfunctioning satellites. We find a dominant firm with a competitive fringe produces more and longer duration warehousing relative to perfect competition or monopoly. Regulators could remediate warehousing by increasing a firm's marginal costs, or by increasing the probability of reallocating orbital slots that do not have a fully functioning satellite. (JEL L9, L5)
Niches in the Anthropocene: passerine assemblages show niche expansion from natural to urban habitats
Authors: Pagani‐Núñez Emilio , Liang Dan , He Chao , Zhou Xuemeng , Luo Xu , Liu Yang , Goodale Eben
Published: April 2019

Human‐mediated habitat transformation is increasingly evident around the world. Yet, how this transformation influences species’ niche width and overlap remains unclear. On the one hand, human‐mediated habitat transformation promotes increased species similarity through trait‐based filtering, and an increased prevalence of generalist species with broad niches, resulting in functional homogenization. On the other hand, species that colonize transformed habitats could use empty niches, resulting in decreased species similarity and an expansion of assemblage‐level niche space. Here we explore these two alternatives in eight highly diverse passerine assembles in natural, rural and urban habitats in south and southwest China, a rapidly developing region of the world. Based on stable isotopes, we found that species’ niche width increased from natural to human‐made habitats, but there were no differences in niche overlap among habitats. Therefore, we found evidence for niche expansion, with generalists appearing to use empty niches created by human habitat modification, and with assemblages being comprised of complementary species. Further research is needed to determine whether increased between‐ or within‐individual niche variation is the main driver of niche expansion in transformed habitats.
Can producer services boost manufacturing growth? Evidence from China's de‐regulation
Authors: Zou Jingxian , Shen Guangjun , Chen Yuxian
Published: April 2019

The impact of producer services on manufacturing growth has long been disputed. Using a unique dataset from the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (CGFII), we construct a set of regulation indicators for each industry in the service sector. Then we explore the effect of upstream producer services, instrumented by regulation indicators, on manufacturing growth. The findings are as follows. First, the development of producer services can effectively promote the growth of manufacturing, and such an effect is stronger in more developed regions. Second, regulations are negatively related to the development of producer services, and among various kinds of regulations, prohibition is the one with the largest marginal effect. Third, consumer services fail to promote manufacturing growth, indicating the irreplaceability of producer services, which also suggests that we should pay more attention to the structure of the service sector.
Incentive and dopamine sensitization produced by intermittent but not long access cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Kawa Alex B. , Valenta Alec C. , Kennedy Robert T. , Robinson Terry E.
Published: April 2019

The temporal pattern of drug use (pharmacokinetics) has a profound effect on the ability of self‐administered cocaine to produce addiction‐like behavior in rodents, and to change the brain. To further address this issue, we compared the effects of long access (LgA) cocaine self‐administration, which is widely used to model the transition to addiction, with intermittent access (IntA), which is thought to better reflect the pattern of drug use in humans, on the ability of a single, self‐administered injection of cocaine to increase dopamine (DA) overflow in the core of the nucleus accumbens (using in vivo microdialysis), and to produce addiction‐like behavior. IntA experience was more effective than LgA in producing addiction‐like behavior—a drug experience‐dependent increase in motivation for cocaine assessed using behavioral economic procedures, and cue‐induced reinstatement—despite much less total drug consumption. There were no group differences in basal levels of DA in dialysate [DA], but a single self‐administered IV injection of cocaine increased [DA] in the core of the nucleus accumbens to a greater extent in rats with prior IntA experience than those with LgA or limited access experience, and the latter two groups did not differ. Furthermore, high motivation for cocaine was associated with a high [DA] response. Thus, IntA, but not LgA, produced both incentive and DA sensitization. This is consistent with the notion that a hyper‐responsive dopaminergic system may contribute to the transition from casual patterns of drug use to the problematic patterns that define addiction.
Experimental evolution of phytoplankton fatty acid thermal reaction norms
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel R. , Du Zhi‐yan , Litchman Elena
Published: April 2019

Temperature effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of phytoplankton, major primary producers in the ocean, have been widely studied due to their importance as industrial feedstocks and to their indispensable role as global producers of long‐chain, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), including omega‐3 (ω3) FA required by organisms at higher trophic levels. The latter is of global ecological concern for marine food webs, as some evidence suggests an ongoing decline in global marine‐derived ω3 FA due to both a global decline in phytoplankton abundance and to a physiological reduction in ω3 production by phytoplankton as temperatures rise. Here, we examined both short‐term (physiological) and long‐term (evolutionary) responses of FA profiles to temperature by comparing FA thermal reaction norms of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana after ~500 generations (ca. 2.5 years) of experimental evolution at low (16°C) and high (31°C) temperatures. We showed that thermal reaction norms for some key FA classes evolved rapidly in response to temperature selection, often in ways contrary to our predictions based on prior research. Notably, 31°C‐selected populations showed higher PUFA percentages (including ω3 FA) than 16°C‐selected populations at the highest assay temperature (31°C, above T. pseudonana's optimum temperature for population growth), suggesting that high‐temperature selection led to an evolved ability to sustain high PUFA production at high temperatures. Rapid evolution may therefore mitigate some of the decline in global phytoplankton‐derived ω3 FA production predicted by recent studies. Beyond its implications for marine food webs, knowledge of the effects of temperature on fatty acid profiles is of fundamental importance to our understanding of the mechanistic causes and consequences of thermal adaptation.
Local temperature and ecological similarity drive distributional dynamics of tropical mammals worldwide
Authors: Beaudrot Lydia , Acevedo Miguel A. , Lessard Jean‐Philippe , Zvoleff Alex , Jansen Patrick A. , Sheil Douglas , Rovero Francesco , O’Brien Timothy , Larney Eileen , Fletcher Christine , Andelman Sandy , Ahumada Jorge
Published: April 2019

Aim

Identifying the underlying drivers of species’ distributional dynamics is critical for predicting change and managing biological diversity. While anthropogenic factors such as climate change can affect species distributions through time, other naturally occurring ecological processes can also have an influence. Theory predicts that interactions between species can influence distributional dynamics, yet empirical evidence remains sparse. A powerful approach is to monitor and model local colonization and extinction—the processes that generate change in distributions over time—and to identify their abiotic and biotic associations. Intensive camera‐trap monitoring provides an opportunity to assess the role of temperature and species interactions in the colonization and extinction dynamics of tropical mammals, many of which are species of conservation concern. Using data from a pan‐tropical monitoring network, we examined how short‐term local temperature change and ecological similarity between species (a proxy for the strength of species interactions) influenced the processes that drive distributional shifts.

Location

Tropical forests worldwide.

Time period

2007–2016.

Major taxa studied

Terrestrial mammals.

Methods

We used dynamic occupancy models to assess the influence of the abiotic and biotic environment on the distributional dynamics of 42 mammal populations from 36 species on 7 tropical elevation gradients around the world.

Results

Overall, temperature, ecological similarity, or both, were linked to colonization or extinction dynamics in 29 populations. For six species, the effect of temperature depended upon the local mammal community similarity. This result suggests that the way in which temperature influences local colonization and extinction dynamics depends on local mammal community composition.

Main conclusions

These results indicate that varying temperatures influence tropical mammal distributions in surprising ways and suggest that interactions between species mediate distributional dynamics.
An Integrative Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adults With Migraine: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Klan Timo , Liesering‐Latta Eva , Gaul Charly , Martin Paul R. , Witthöft Michael
Published: April 2019

Objective

To present a novel cognitive behavioral therapy program that was developed exclusively for adults with migraine, and to assess the feasibility of this program.

Background

Unlike previous efforts, we combined different approaches of behavioral therapy into one program: relaxation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, trigger management.

Methods

The treatment program consists of 7 sessions (including psychoeducation, lifestyle counseling, coping with fear of attacks, trigger management, and stress management). The research was conducted in a single‐group study with N = 9 completers (age: M = 41.6, SD = 17.6 years; N = 8 female, N = 1 male; N = 5 migraine without aura, N = 2 migraine with aura, N = 2 chronic migraine). After each of the group therapy sessions, evaluation questionnaires were filled out, and individual qualitative interviews were conducted after completion of the program.

Results

The treatment program was very well accepted. Every session was rated as comprehensible, and overall satisfaction with the sessions was high. Participants greatly appreciated having access to a specific treatment, exclusively addressing migraine.

Conclusions

The idea of combining several approaches of behavioral therapy into a specific treatment program for migraine seems to be feasible and promising. A randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of our program is currently running.
Emerging novel treatments for autoimmune liver diseases
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi
Published: April 2019

The etiology of autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), still remains largely unknown and no therapeutic agents that are able to “cure” these diseases have been developed. Although corticosteroids for AIH and ursodeoxycholic acid for PBC have been shown to significantly improve liver transplantation (LT)‐free survival and are recommended as first‐line drugs, treatment strategies for patients who show incomplete response to these drugs have not yet been fully established. No drug is significantly associated with long LT‐free survival in PSC patients. Nevertheless, with progress in genetics, immunology, and cellular biology, several new compounds or antibodies are expected to have an effect on autoimmune liver diseases and several drugs are under consideration for clinical use. Although most clinical trials have been carried out in the USA or Europe, some are, or will be, undertaken in Japan in the future. In this review, the current standard‐of‐care of autoimmune liver diseases will be summarized, together with emerging novel treatments relevant to clinical practice in Japan.
Resistance and compliance in women’s academic identity work in the Global South
Authors: Haeruddin M. Ikhwan Maulana , Pick David , Thein Htwe Htwe
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to explore women academic's identity work in the context of the Global South (Indonesia). This is done by examining how the interplay between macro‐level social, cultural and political influences and micro‐processes produce moments of compliance and resistance. To this end, the following research question is posed: What is the nature of identity work among women academics in higher education institutions of the Global South where there are shifting and conflicting social and cultural conditions? This study contributes by illuminating the ways in which women comply with or resist traditional and contemporary organisational and occupational structures that produce gender inequality. It also contributes to understanding how the interplay of power and resistance influences women's academic identity work in developing nations.
Making Epistemologists Nervous: Relational Memory and Psychological Individualism
Authors: Jacobsen Rockney
Published: April 2019

We cannot rethink the ethical and political dimensions of memory—especially its role in constituting persons and identities—without rethinking the nature of memory itself. I first describe a traditional epistemological view of memory, according to which memory is a faculty for preserving knowledge of the past, and then juxtapose a relational theory of memory developed by Sue Campbell. The relational theory is represented in terms of a distinction between actions and achievements; this distinction enables us to both clarify and defend the shift from an epistemological to a political conception of memory. On the resulting view, accuracy, not truth, is the appropriate norm for evaluating memory, and remembering is no longer conceived as an interior process. In the penultimate section I confront an objection to a relational theory of memory—and to relational theories of cognition generally—and suggest a strategy of response.
Alternative green preparation of mesoporous calcium hydroxyapatite by chemical reaction of eggshell and phosphoric acid
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Suttiprapar Jularpar , Changkhamchom Sairung , Sirivat Anuvat
Published: April 2019

Eggshell is a rich source of CaCO3 with a high purity content of more than 96.35% w/w and a potential raw material for calcium hydroxyapatite preparation. Mesoporous and nano‐particulate calcium hydroxyapatite was prepared from duck eggshell from the chemical reaction with phosphoric acid followed by the calcinations at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 2 hours. The optimum condition to obtain the high purity calcium hydroxyapatite was by sintering calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 at 1000°C for 2 hours. The average particle size, pore diameter, specific surface, and true density of the sample sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours were 101.93 ± 12.15 nm, 98.96 Å, 2.12 m2/g, and 3.02 g/cm3, respectively, appearing as a soft fine powder with a white color. The raw duck eggshell is a potential candidate as a bio‐ceramic material to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite suitable for use in various bio‐applications such as bone tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, remineralizing agent in toothpaste, and bone void fillers for orthopedic and restoration.
Development of ethylene glycol‐Cr2AlC nanofluid for thermal management in the automotive sector
Authors: Davis Deepak , Saleem Shezan , Shah Farhaan , Singh Sheela
Published: April 2019

The current study is focused on the development of a novel nanofluid for efficient thermal management in the automotive sector. For this, novel Cr2AlC‐based nanofluids were prepared and its properties were compared with conventional nanofluids prepared under similar condition. h‐BN, MoS2, Al2O3, and Cr2AlC powders of <60 nm were prepared by high energy ball mill and were added into the EG fluid in 0.25 and 0.50 wt%. The nanofluids were investigated for viscosity, flash point, fire point, thermal conductivity, stability, and freezing temperature. The flash and fire points of EG increase with the addition of nanocrystalline powders. The viscosity of nanofluids decreases and thermal conductivity increases with increase in temperature. Among all addition, nanofluid containing 0.50 wt% of Cr2AlC shows maximum enhancement in the thermal conductivity and freezing temperature by 57.91% and 42.15%, respectively. It also shows a good stability up to 20 days.
Preparation of α‐Si3N4 by direct nitridation using polysilicon waste by diamond wire cutting
Authors: Hou Yong , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih
Published: April 2019

With the rapid development of the semiconductor industry and solar photovoltaic industry, a large number of polysilicon wastes from diamond wire cutting are accumulated, which not only pollute the environment, but also cause safety problems due to the ultrafine particle size and high reactivity. The diamond wire cutting polysilicon waste was used to prepare α‐Si3N4 by direct nitridation method. This method could not only fully recycle the waste and reduce environmental pollution, but also could reduce the production cost of α‐Si3N4. Furthermore, the effects of FeCl3, NaCl, and metal Cu on the nitridation of polysilicon waste are investigated in detail, respectively. It is found that FeCl3 and NaCl are not ideal additives for the preparation of α‐Si3N4. However, α‐Si3N4‐dominated Si3N4 can be obtained via adding 5 wt% Cu after nitridation at 1250°C for 8 hours, and the relative content of α‐Si3N4 reaches 92.37%.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an evolving disease with ancient roots
Authors: Saliba Maelle , Shalhoub Awss , Taraif Suad , Loya Asif , Houreih Mohammad A. , El Hajj Rana , Khalifeh Ibrahim
Published: April 2019

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a prioritized neglected tropical disease. CL novel presentations call for updating its features.

Methods

A multiregional cohort of 396 patients with confirmed CL was reviewed. Lesion's clinical stage and eruption type were assigned. Disease was considered as extensive if numerous (≥5), large (>3 cm), disfiguring, threatening vital sensory organs, and/or older than 12 months. Microscopically, Ackerman's inflammatory pattern, Ridley's pattern (RP), and parasitic index (PI) were recorded. Microscopic variables pertaining to the organisms, epidermis, and host's inflammatory response were also assessed. All cases were confirmed and speciated molecularly.

Results

In our region, 71.8% of cases showed extensive disease with 15.7% exceeding 12 months duration. Leishmania tropica accounted for 91.3% of cases while Leishmania major constituted 8.7% and presented solely as dry lesions. The dominant inflammatory composite consisted of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes. Granulomatous inflammation was present in 55.5%. Most cases showed interface changes (72.7%), spongiosis (75.3%), and marked epidermal hyperplasia (63.9%). Transepidermal elimination of organisms was present in 29.2% of cases. None of traditional classification patterns (clinical stage, microscopic pattern, and RP) showed the predicted linear correlation with lesion age. High and low PI levels correlated with early and healing microscopic patterns, respectively, but did not correlate with the corresponding RPs. PI was bimodal with peaks at 3–6 and 9–12 months.

Conclusion

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an evolving disease defying the traditional prediction classifications. Our study sets the ground for adopting updated clinical courses, microscopic presentation, and species mapping.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation: our experience, molecular evaluation of selected cases, and short literature review
Authors: Lopez Liurka V. , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Burgess Melissa , Schoedel Karen , Rao Uma N. M.
Published: April 2019

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation (DFSP‐FS) is a higher grade tumor arising from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Recent literature highlights its impact on recurrence rates, metastatic rates, and survival. In this article, we aim to describe our experience with 13 cases of DFSP‐FS in terms of pathologic findings, molecular alterations, clinical outcomes, management, and also perform a short recent literature review.
Gene mutations associated with thrombosis detected by whole‐exome sequencing in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Li Liyan , Wang Honglei , Liu Hui , Liu Zhaoyun , Li Lijuan , Ding Kai , Wang Guojin , Song Jia , Fu Rong
Published: April 2019

Background

Thrombosis is a most common and lethal complication of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), which is a complex progression and its mechanism remains unclear. We tried to explore the possible genetic background of thrombosis in PNH patients and provide potential gene mutations associated with thrombosis in PNH patients.

Methods

The CD59− cells of 7 PNH and 6 PNH‐ aplastic anemia (AA) patients were sorted by flow cytometry and sequenced by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The sequencing results and target mutation genes were analyzed and screened, respectively, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. Finally, the expression of target genes was detected in 22 PNH (including seven cases with thrombus) and 20 normal controls, and the correlation between the expression of mRNA and the clinical thrombus‐related indexes was analyzed.

Results

The mutation genes screened from 4 PNH with thrombus were BMPR2, F8, ITGA2B, THBD, and THBS1. The pathways enriched by these genes included Notch, Wnt, and arachidonic acid metabolism signaling pathways, which may be related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in PNH. The BMPR2, THBD, and THBS1 gene expression was significantly different between PNH with and without thrombus group, and the THBS1 gene expression was positively correlated with D‐Dimer and su‐PAR levels.

Conclusions

Genetic defects have a non‐negligible effect on the incidence of thrombosis, and therefore, gene mutations maybe a genetic risk factor in PNH, which increase the incidence of thrombosis.
Investigation of final-year pharmacy students' views on professionalism and ethics in pharmacy practice: an interventional study
Authors: Okoro Roland N
Published: April 2019

Objective

To evaluate the effects of educational intervention on final-year pharmacy students' views on professional attitudes and actions required for the present day pharmacy practice.

Methods

Final-year pharmacy students (Class 2018) of the largest faculty of pharmacy in north-east Nigeria were enrolled in this study. Interventional lecture and students small group discussions on situational dilemmas in pharmacy practice, highlighting the application of the Oath of Pharmacist and the Pharmacists' Code of Ethics, were instituted. Efficacy of the educational intervention was assessed using eight items of Professionalism in Pharmacy Practice Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test.

Key findings

Fifty-seven students (82.4% of the entire final-year class) participated in the study and completed the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Of the eight items, seven improved significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the remaining one item also improved but this time with no significant difference.

Conclusion

This study showed that students' views on attitudes and behaviours related to professionalism and ethics in pharmacy practice improved following an educational intervention.
Transitioning from recruit to officer: An investigation of how stress appraisal and coping influence work engagement
Authors: Rodrigues Susana , Sinval Jorge , Queirós Cristina , Marôco João , Kaiseler Mariana
Published: April 2019

This study investigated stress, coping, and work engagement among Portuguese police officers while undergoing academy training and then 1 year later, when on duty. It was hypothesized that stress appraisal and coping preferences predicted engagement. Additionally, in order to test a full cross‐lagged prediction model, it was hypothesized that stress, coping, and engagement in recruits predicted these variables later when working as police officers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. Results suggest that coping and stress appraisals do not seem to be strong predictors of work engagement among recruits and police officers on duty. With the exception of self‐blame, that seems to be a strong predictor of work engagement among police officers on duty. These results highlight the need to investigate other potential variables such as working conditions that may better explain work engagement. Considering the positive influence of engagement on health, wellbeing, and performance of police recruits and officers future applied and theoretical implications are discussed.
Luminescence properties of novel Eu3+‐doped tantalate NaCaTiTaO6 red‐emitting phosphors for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Zhong Yifan , Li Zixiu , Liu Bitao , Li Tianbao , Deng Bin , Yu Ruijin
Published: April 2019

A novel tantalate red‐emitting phosphors NaCa1‐xEuxTiTaO6 (x = 0.02‐0.50) is synthesized via the traditional solid‐state reaction sintering. The photoluminescence properties, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal stability are characterized in detail. Photoluminescence spectra show strong red emission monitored at 614 nm at λex = 395 nm. The spectral properties exhibit excellent color purity and chromaticity coordinate (CIE) characteristics. White light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) device are fabricated by the prepared phosphors and show high quality of color‐rendering index. The investigated results suggest that the Eu3+‐doped NaCaTiTaO6 phosphors can be as potential substitute red phosphors for w‐LEDs.
White light emitting thermally stable bismuth phosphate phosphor Ca3Bi(PO4)3:Dy3+ for solid‐state lighting applications
Authors: Sahu Mukesh K. , Mula Jayasimhadri
Published: April 2019

White light emitting dysprosium‐doped Ca3Bi(PO4)3 phosphor was successfully synthesized via co‐precipitation method for the first time and the structural, vibrational, morphological, and luminescent properties have been investigated for solid‐state lighting applications. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and structural refinement studies reveal that the synthesized phosphors consist of single phase with cubic structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images reveal that the as‐synthesized phosphor has micron size particle with an irregular shape. Under near‐ultraviolet (n‐UV) and blue excitation, the phosphor exhibits white light emission via a combination of blue (~484 nm) and yellow (~575 nm) emission bands. The optimized concentration of Dy3+ ions is 6.0 mol % after which the concentration quenching takes place. The process of energy transfer between Dy3+ ions is due to dipole‐dipole interaction, which was confirmed by applying Dexter's theory. The CIE chromaticity coordinates for the optimized phosphor were (0.329, 0.377), and they lie in the white light region. The emission intensity remains to be 83.41% at 373 K to that of at room temperature, which indicates good thermal stability. The above mentioned results demonstrate that Ca3Bi(PO4)3 is a potential phosphor for solid‐state lighting applications.
Surface stabilities of 3C–SiC and H2O adsorption on the (110) surface
Authors: Peng Sai , Jiang Yong , Xu Canhui , Hu Shuanglin , Wang Yinglou
Published: April 2019

First‐principles calculations and thermodynamics analyses were combined to study the surface stabilities of 3C–SiC and H2O adsorption on the (110) surface. The stoichiometric (110) surface was predicted to be generally the most stable. Only at the extremely C‐poor condition, the nonstoichiometric Si‐terminated (100) could become more energetically favored. The adsorption and dissociation of single H2O molecule on the 3C–SiC (110) were then comparatively investigated. Calculations show that H2O molecules prefer to partially dissociate into one hydroxyl OH and one H adsorbed at the top‐most Si and C sites, respectively, leading to the formation of a hydrogen network on the surface. The calculated equilibrium adsorption diagram further suggested that the 3C–SiC (110) surface can be only either completely clean or fully covered by the partially dissociated species of H2O, for a wide range of temperature and the partial potential of H2O.
Improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Brady Lucy , Padden Ciara , McGill Peter
Published: April 2019

Background

Despite its importance within behavioural intervention, it remains unclear how best to achieve high procedural fidelity. This paper reviewed studies on improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted, which identified 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, intervention, target behaviours, effect sizes, maintenance, generalization and social validity. A quality rating was also applied.

Results

A total of 100 participants took part in the included studies. Most participants were teachers working with children in school settings. There was a significant positive correlation between level of procedural fidelity and client outcomes. Feedback was the most commonly employed intervention to improve procedural fidelity.

Conclusions

More research should be conducted in environments with high levels of variability such as community homes to determine how to reach and maintain high levels of procedural fidelity.
Seasonal variation in migration strategies used to cross ecological barriers in a nearctic migrant wintering in Africa
Authors: Léandri‐Breton Don‐Jean , Lamarre Jean‐François , Bêty Joël
Published: April 2019

Ecological barriers such as oceans, mountain ranges or glaciers can have a substantial influence on the evolution of animal migration. Along the migration flyway connecting breeding sites in the North American Arctic and wintering grounds in Europe or Africa, nearctic species are confronted with significant barriers such as the Atlantic Ocean and the Greenland icecap. Using geolocation devices, we identified wintering areas used by ringed plovers nesting in the Canadian High‐Arctic and investigated migration strategies used by these nearctic migrants along the transatlantic route. The main wintering area of the ringed plovers (n = 20) was located in western Africa. We found contrasting seasonal migration patterns, with ringed plovers minimizing continuous flight distances over the ocean in spring by making a detour to stop in Iceland. In autumn, however, most individuals crossed the ocean in one direct flight from southern Greenland to western Europe, as far as southern Spain. This likely resulted from prevailing anti‐clockwise winds associated with the Icelandic low‐pressure system. Moreover, the plovers we tracked largely circumvented the Greenland icecap in autumn, but in spring, some plovers apparently crossed the icecap above the 65°N. Our study highlighted the importance of Iceland as a stepping‐stone during the spring migration and showed that small nearctic migrants can perform non‐stop transatlantic flights from Greenland to southern Europe.
Principal factors controlling biodiversity along an elevation gradient: Water, energy and their interaction
Authors: Vetaas Ole R. , Paudel Keshav P. , Christensen Morten
Published: April 2019

Aim

Variation in diversity is a well‐documented spatial pattern in biogeography, but an overarching climate‐based theory of diversity is lacking. We evaluate two models of species richness related to species‐richness‐energy theory. One is based on net primary production (NPP) or the more individuals hypothesis (MiH), and the other is a model based on water–energy dynamics (WED). We use taxa from three kingdoms along an extensive elevation‐temperature gradient. Both WED and NPP‐MiH are based on thermal energy, but the question is whether energy operates through regulating production and chemical (potential) energy only (NPP‐MiH), or if kinetic energy as regulator of available liquid water is needed (WED).

Location

Central Himalayas.

Methods

The biodiversity, that is, elevational gamma diversity, of 12 taxa containing animals, plants, and fungi was estimated from range data along an elevation gradient. Generalized linear models were fitted to the species richness data, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and deviance explained were used to evaluate the NPP‐MiH and WED models. In addition, we tested the relationships with precipitation and length of growing season (LGS) and their interaction.

Results

The peaks in richness of the taxa are dispersed along the entire Himalayan bioclimatic gradient from the subtropics to the alpine zone. WED performs best for all taxa along the entire gradient. In the non‐tropical zone, NPP‐MiH is best for reptiles, and NPP‐MiH and WED are equally good for mammals and amphibians. Including the length of the growing season in the WED model improves the AIC for eight taxa, and WED is superior for combined cross‐taxon biodiversity along the entire gradient, but WED and NPP‐MiH are equally good in the non‐tropical zone.

Conclusion

Water–energy dynamics is able to predict peaks in species richness under different climate and primary production conditions; hence, WED is better and more general than NPP‐MiH. The interaction with precipitation and the length of the growing season, which also reflects primary production, improve the model for several organism groups. Hence, LGS may improve and unify future mechanistic first‐principle model of biodiversity.
Landforms contribute to plant biodiversity at alpha, beta and gamma levels
Authors: Tukiainen Helena , Kiuttu Mikko , Kalliola Risto , Alahuhta Janne , Hjort Jan
Published: April 2019

Aim

Geodiversity underpins biodiversity, but the contribution of specific geofeatures or landforms has rarely been explored. In this study, we use multiple vascular plant species diversity measures on alpha, beta and gamma levels to explore the linkage between biodiversity and co‐located landforms (e.g. gullies, dunes and lake shores). We hypothesize that biodiversity will be positively related to geodiversity, which is founded on distinct landforms. Additionally, we propose that different landforms will sustain different amounts of biodiversity and that high alpha and gamma diversity values are related to landform‐driven moisture availability whereas high beta diversity relates especially to landform‐specific microtopographic variation.

Location

Rokua UNESCO Global Geopark area, Finland.

Taxon

Vascular plants.

Methods

We compare vascular plant species richness measures, Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indices, rarity‐weighted richness and local contribution to beta diversity at altogether three levels of biodiversity (alpha, beta and gamma) for different landforms. Landform information is compiled from aerial photos, spatial data layers and targeted field surveys. We compare results to control habitat (i.e. sites without any distinct landforms) within the study area.

Results

Vascular plant diversity was higher on landforms than in control habitat. There was also notable variation between species diversity of different landforms. Moisture‐rich gullies and river shores were especially diverse at all three levels, whereas aapa mires hosted most unique species composition (highest beta diversity). Beta diversity patterns were rather comparable with alpha and gamma diversity patterns, which contradict our hypothesis.

Main conclusions

This study quantitatively established a strong connection between terrestrial plant communities and multiple landforms. Our results highlighted the landform‐controlled variation in soil moisture, microclimate and microtopography in enhancing plant species diversity. Based on the results, we promote the inclusion of landform‐based geodiversity information in conservation management and in further biogeographical studies.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes renal injury induced by ischemic reperfusion
Authors: Li Jin H , Tang Ying , Lv Jun , Wang Xiao H. , Yang Hui , Tang Patrick M. K. , Huang Xiao R. , He Zhi J. , Zhou Zi J , Huang Qiu Y. , Klug Jörg , Meinhardt Andreas , Fingerle‐Rowson Günter , Xu An P. , Zheng Zhi H. , Lan Hui Yao
Published: April 2019

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is pleiotropic cytokine that has multiple effects in many inflammatory and immune diseases. This study reveals a potential role of MIF in acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model in MIF wild‐type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) mice. Clinically, plasma and urinary MIF levels were largely elevated at the onset of AKI, declined to normal levels when AKI was resolved and correlated tightly with serum creatinine independent of disease causes. Experimentally, MIF levels in plasma and urine were rapidly elevated after IRI‐AKI and associated with the elevation of serum creatinine and the severity of tubular necrosis, which were suppressed in MIF KO mice. It was possible that MIF may mediate AKI via CD74/TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling as mice lacking MIF were protected from AKI by largely suppressing CD74/TLR‐4‐NF‐κB associated renal inflammation, including the expression of MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, CXCL15(IL‐8 in human) and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophil, and T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that MIF may be pathogenic in AKI and levels of plasma and urinary MIF may correlate with the progression and regression of AKI.
Editorial: The psychopathology p factor: will it revolutionise the science and practice of child and adolescent psychiatry?
Authors: Ronald Angelica
Published: April 2019

The psychopathology p factor has emerged from a series of strong empirical studies, largely in the adult psychiatry literature. Here, some of the recent findings relating to the p factor in children and adolescents are considered and the implications for child and adolescent psychiatry are discussed. Is it essential to covary for ‘p’ when we study specific domains of psychopathology? Do neurodevelopmental conditions make up part of the psychopathology p factor? How do we treat the ‘p factor’ in clinics? This editorial considers some of the contributions from this issue of Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry together with the wider literature that speak to these issues.