bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The roles of productivity and ecosystem size in determining food chain length in tropical terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Young Hillary S. , McCauley Douglas J. , Dunbar Robert B. , Hutson Michael S. , Ter-Kuile Ana Miller , Dirzo Rodolfo
Published: April 2013

Many different drivers, including productivity, ecosystem size, and disturbance, have been considered to explain natural variation in the length of food chains. Much remains unknown about the role of these various drivers in determining food chain length, and particularly about the mechanisms by which they may operate in terrestrial ecosystems, which have quite different ecological constraints than aquatic environments, where most food chain length studies have been thus far conducted. In this study, we tested the relative importance of ecosystem size and productivity in influencing food chain length in a terrestrial setting. We determined that (1) there is no effect of ecosystem size or productive space on food chain length; (2) rather, food chain length increases strongly and linearly with productivity; and (3) the observed changes in food chain length are likely achieved through a combination of changes in predator size, predator behavior, and consumer diversity along gradients in productivity. These results lend new insight into the mechanisms by which productivity can drive changes in food chain length, point to potential for systematic differences in the drivers of food web structure between terrestrial and aquatic systems, and challenge us to consider how ecological context may control the drivers that shape food chain length.
Combined effects of long‐term feeding, population density and vegetation green‐up on reindeer demography
Authors: Ballesteros M. , Bårdsen B.-J. , Fauchald P. , Langeland K. , Stien A. , Tveraa T.
Published: April 2013

Large herbivores living in seasonal environments are generally food‐limited through density dependence and climatic factors. This may result in starvation and increased mortality in winter and reduced fecundity the following summer. Variability in winter conditions has the potential to create persistent fitness differences at the cohort‐ and the individual‐level in iteroparous species. Using a 9‐year dataset from two herds of individually marked free‐ranging reindeer we assessed whether population growth rates, somatic allocation (female body mass) and reproductive allocation (reproductive success and calf body mass) were affected by supplementary feeding, population density and the timing of the onset of spring (i.e., vegetation onset). The supplementary fed population had a higher population growth rate, the females were more likely to reproduce and their calves were heavier than in the control population. Female body mass was negatively related to timing of vegetation green‐up in both herds. Since both populations increased in the last decade we found support to our prediction that density‐dependence negatively affected our study herds. Indeed, density negatively affected growth rates, female body mass, reproductive success and calf body mass in both populations and, as expected, this effect was more marked in the control herd. We suggest that food supplemented females may, at least partially, be able to compensate for the energetic costs of negative density‐dependence following late vegetation green‐up while control females may not. Our findings reveal that late winter conditions have an important limiting role in the study area and that density‐dependent food limitation in late winter/early summer acts as a main factor affecting our reindeer population.
Prediction of water and wastewater networks rehabilitation based current age and material distribution
Authors: Malm A. , Svensson G. , Bäckman H. , Morrison Gregory M.
Published: April 2013

Ageing drinking water, stormwater and sewer pipe networks imply an increased degree of rehabilitation. The need for rehabilitation can be predicted using lifetime distribution functions together with current network age and material distribution. In Sweden, current age and material distribution is neither documented on a national level, nor for many water utilities on a local level. In this study, current network age and material distribution was provided through a questionnaire sent to Swedish water and wastewater utilities and the data provided were extrapolated to cover the whole of Sweden. The data were then combined with lifetime distribution functions to provide predictions. One limitation is that for newer materials the lifetime is still uncertain. Predictions were made for different scenarios to reflect local differences and the medium scenario shows that while the Swedish rehabilitation rate is stable, investments in monetary terms need to double in the next 60 years. The rehabilitation rate is also dependent on the extent to which the network is expanded. This method can be used to calculate national investment needs, and the results can also provide a basis for estimates for Swedish utilities with data scarcity.
Water consumption in public schools for the city of Bologna, Italy
Authors: Farina Marco , Maglionico Marco , Pollastri Marco , Stojkov Irena
Published: April 2013

For most buildings considered to be of a public non-residential type there are insufficient published data to establish and compare the theoretical standards with actual consumption data. Therefore, water consumption per user in non-residential buildings is still a very complicated issue for engineers and designers involved in analysing water demand and water management. This is why linking water consumption and school occupancy is the goal of this paper, trying to set the basis for further design, conservation and educational interventions on this topic. This research integrates quantitative data of water consumption, through water metering and analysis, and historical data about users in buildings. We focused on consumptions for four types of schools: nurseries (0–3-year-old children), kindergartens (3–6 years), elementary schools (6–11 years) and secondary 1st grade schools (11–14 years). The results are that the rational basic demand for water is estimated as 48.8 l per pre-school student per day and 18.7 l per elementary/secondary school student per day. Therefore we found that younger children use more water on a daily basis than older ones, probably because they need more services, such as laundries and kitchens, whereas older students consume water mainly in restrooms.
Optimisation of sugar cane activated carbon for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) removal from water
Authors: Velasco-Perez M. , Hiscock K. M.
Published: April 2013

This paper addresses the development of low-cost adsorbents for removal of arsenic from water in support of mitigation programmes in low and middle income countries. Activated carbon (AC) is a well established water treatment technology, but has high cost and low selectivity in respect of arsenic. AC made from agricultural by-products is a low-cost alternative to coal-based AC. In this study, the preparation parameters of sugar-cane activated carbon (SCAC) were optimised for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) adsorption. The effect of preparation parameters on arsenic removal was investigated with a 23 factorial experiment. SCAC was characterised by the pH of zero charge, surface area, pore width distribution, particle size distribution and imaging under scanning electron microscopy. Activation temperature (AT) has a profound effect on arsenic adsorption; arsenic(V) adsorption increased from 2.8% at an AT of 873 K to 87.6% at an AT of 1,173 K. The percentage of arsenic removal from water has a strong positive correlation with surface area, and a strong negative correlation with micropore/pore volume ratio and the percentage in volume of particles with a size of 60–2,000 μm. In conclusion, this research shows that low-cost AC can be manufactured for removal of target pollutants, such as arsenic, from water.
Water quality management in the food and beverage industry by hybrid automation using the example of breweries
Authors: Blomenhofer V. , Groß F. , Procelewska J. , Delgado A. , Becher T.
Published: April 2013

Water of drinking water quality is one of the most important resources in the food and beverage industry, e.g. for breweries. In this ‘Water Quality Management’ project, a new strategy of partial process water stream treatment is presented. Based on our own investigations, a water saving potential of 10–20% of the entire water consumption is possible with regard to displacement and rinsing water. The separation of different water qualities in real time, via the water switch, is achieved by several measurement techniques and the exploration of the desired information by multivariate data analysis. In combination with the water switch, the generation of drinking water quality regarding sterility is assured by a ceramic ultra-filtration membrane. Aside from basic on and inline measurement parameters in breweries, e.g. pH-value, temperature, electrical conductivity and turbidity, modern measurement techniques, e.g. infrared sensor, which can measure several parameters, such as Brix and organic acids, are utilized. The combination of the rule-based fuzzy-logic system and expert knowledge is called a hybrid methodology. In the current study, the experimental design (DoE) techniques were applied to reduce the number of required experiments. The experimental results were then explored by the well-known projection method, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA).
Solar disinfection of natural waters with modified solar concentrators
Authors: Chaudhari Rujuta , Ahammed M. Mansoor , Dave Shilpa
Published: April 2013

Solar water disinfection is a proven method for household purification of drinking water. Compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) have been used to enhance the inactivation rate of microorganisms. In the present study, a modified CPC with a higher concentration ratio of 1.1 was employed to further speed up the process. A large number of tests were conducted with water samples collected from different naturally contaminated water sources of varying characteristics under natural sunlight. Results indicated substantial reduction in exposure time for complete inactivation of indicator organisms, total coliforms and Escherichia coli, in modified CPCs compared with that in PET bottles at different solar intensity conditions. Even with weak solar intensity conditions (average values <400 W/m2), complete inactivation of test organisms could be achieved in all the test waters including those with high initial concentrations (total coliforms – 1.1 × 106 MPN/100 mL and E. coli - 1.25 × 105CFU/mL) within 6 h of exposure when modified CPC was employed. No regrowth of microorganisms was observed in the modified CPC up to 48 h of storage following exposure. The study thus suggests that the use of modified solar concentrators can result in significant reduction in the exposure time required for complete inactivation of naturally occurring microorganisms.
Are we risking too much? Estimating the risk-mitigating benefit of urban water supply augmentation options
Authors: Kandulu John
Published: April 2013

Increasing population is leading to water shortfalls in urban areas across the world. Shortfalls are intensified in arid and semi-arid regions under climate change through reduced and highly variable rainfall and greater frequency of droughts. Water planners are increasingly considering investments in capital infrastructure to enhance water security. Augmentation involves high capital sunk costs, and a typical challenge that arises is the need to determine whether or not, and at what scale, to invest in augmentation. Water planners face a risk of over- and under-investing in augmentation, but assessments that represent the tradeoffs involved in making augmentation decisions accurately and comprehensively are scarce. The analytical framework presented in this paper, looks retrospectively at what the insurance value of a seawater desalination plant in Adelaide would have been, had the investment been a decade earlier than it was, to illustrate assessing the risk of over- or under-investing in augmentation. The framework draws from three concepts: benefit cost analysis (BCA), probability theory, and conditional value at risk (CVaR). Results show that, at best, had the desalinisation plant been operational during the recent millennium drought, from 1998 to 2010, potential net annual cost of up to a maximum of A$170.6 m in extreme shortfall years, would have been avoided, but this would have involved incurring annual cost of up to A$149.0 m in years of no shortfalls.
Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks
Authors: Kus B. , Kandasamy Jaya , Vigneswaran S. , Shon H. K. , Moody G.
Published: April 2013

The characterisation of rainwater in metropolitan Sydney and in rural New South Wales was undertaken. The results showed that factors such as the lack of vehicular traffic, air pollution and urban contamination meant that rural rainwater water quality was better. The rain water collected in both metropolitan and rural areas generally complied with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines except for parameters such as the pH in both the metropolitan and rural rainwater tanks and the turbidity, and lead levels from the metropolitan tanks. This paper also reports the results of a laboratory and a pilot scale study with a deep bed filter (granular activated carbon, GAC) and microfiltration (MF) hollow fibre membrane filter system used to treat raw rainwater collected from a metropolitan rainwater tank. The results of the laboratory experiment and pilot scale systems focus on the non-compliant parameters of the sampling program, i.e. turbidity, lead and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It was found that rainwater treated by the GAC filter removed the majority of the turbidity and organic substances. The treatment system reduced the concentration of turbidity, lead and DOC to below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limits. The pilot plant experiment demonstrated that a GAC filter system and gravity driven membrane could result in low cost and low maintenance operation.
Is the service life of water distribution pipelines linked to their failure rate?
Authors: Le Gat Yves , Kropp Ingo , Poulton Matthew
Published: April 2013

This paper aims to enable the relevant use of water main service lifetime and failure data to build a medium or long term infrastructure management plan. Firstly, how to estimate the service lifetime distribution of water mains using observations of decommissioning times which are possibly left-truncated and predominantly right-censored, is shown. Three methods are presented: a non-parametric method another based on the parametric Weibull distribution, and a third based on the parametric Herz distribution. An application with actual data related to grey cast iron water mains of two large French and German water distribution networks illustrates the implementation of the theoretical methods. The paper then investigates the link between failure rate and pipe renewal, and discusses the use of observation-based service time survival functions for infrastructure asset management.
High Pressure Oxydesulphurisation of Coal—A Parametric Study
Authors: Ghauri Moinuddin , Inayat Abrar , Bashir Muhammad , Ali Salmiaton , Cliffe Keith
Published: April 2013

The current study is focused on controlling sulphur emissions by pre-treating coal to remove sulphur prior to combustion using the oxydesulphurisation technique. Three British coals were chosen for the study. Working with these coals gave a better insight to the oxydesulphurisation reactions for pyritic and organic sulphur. Effect of air and oxygen pressure in a fixed time interval on sulphur removal was studied by series of experimental runs at various temperatures. Heating value recoveries were significant. Increase in oxygen content is reported as a measure of carbon loss. The coal samples were analyzed according to British standard methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the sulphur removal was enhanced with the increase in air pressure, particularly up to 100 bars, with only a small decrease in calorific value at a particular temperature. Increasing temperature was witnessed to be more important in sulphur removal than increasing pressure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Naphthalenediimide-Functionalized Flavin Derivatives
Authors: Zainalabdeen Nada , Fitzpatrick Brian , Kareem Mohanad , Nandwana Vikas , Cooke Graeme , Rotello Vincent
Published: April 2013

Two acceptor–acceptor dyads have been synthesized featuring a flavin moiety and a naphthalenediimide (NDI) unit. The NDI unit is linked to the flavin through a short spacer group via either the N(3) or N(10) positions of the flavin. We have investigated the UV-Vis and redox properties of these multi-electron accepting systems which indicate that these materials display the collective properties of their component systems. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements have revealed that their emission properties are dominated by the flavin unit.
MODELLING HOUSING SUPPLY AND MONETARY POLICY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC TURBULENCE
Authors: Liu Junxiao , London Kerry
Published: April 2013

Housing supply is an essential component of the property sector. Compared with an increasingly strong housing demand, the growth rates of total housing stock in Australia have exhibited a downward trend since the end of the 1990s. Over the same period, the significant adjustments in the Australian monetary policy were being implemented under a turbulent global economic climate. This research aims to identify the relationship between housing supply and monetary policy within the context of global economic turbulence by a vector error correction model with a dummy variable. The empirical evidence indicates that the monetary policy changes and global economic turmoil can significantly affect the supply side of the housing sector in Australia. The models developed in this study assist policy makers in estimating the political impacts in the global context.
THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS ON HOUSE PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES
Authors: Gholipour Hassan Fereidouni
Published: April 2013

In recent years, most emerging economies have experienced large foreign real estate investment (FREI) and an appreciation of house prices. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effects of FREI on house prices by employing a panel VAR model. Using data from 21 emerging economies over the period 2000–2008, our empirical results show that FREI contributes to house price increases. Moreover, the results indicate that the dominant source of house price fluctuations in emerging economies come from the housing market itself.
THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN TWENTY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DURING THE RECESSION 2008–2009 – COUNTRY RANKING BY MULTIMOORA
Authors: Brauers Willem Karel M. , Kildienė Simona , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Artūras
Published: April 2013

The recession 2008-2009 which influenced the World economy has set new challenges for the development of the European construction sector. In the years 2008–2009 a great number of countries faced serious production and employment breakdowns. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the construction sector from a macroeconomic point of view by comparing construction market variations appeared during the crisis in twenty European countries. Therefore statistical indicators of the construction sector were used and a multiobjective evaluation method under the name of MULTIMOORA was employed. However these traditional indicators of the construction sector deliver an incomplete definition of real situations within the sector as during the recession plenty of constructed buildings remained unsold. Therefore the authors of this article propose a rather complex comparison of construction indicators for different European countries. The case study provides the analysis and calculations performed with the help of the MULTIMOORA method. This method enables the evaluation of European countries in accordance with the investigated objectives and ranges them into different groups according to the objectives set for the construction sector.
Dedicated Education Unit: Implementing an Innovation in Replication Sites
Authors: Moscato Susan R. , Nishioka Vicki M. , Coe Michael T.
Published: April 2013

An important measure of an innovation is the ease of replication and achievement of the same positive outcomes. The dedicated education unit (DEU) clinical education model uses a collaborative academic–service partnership to develop an optimal learning environment for students. The University of Portland adapted this model from Flinders University, Australia, to increase the teaching capacity and quality of nursing education. This article identifies DEU implementation essentials and reports on the outcomes of two replication sites that received consultation support from the University of Portland. Program operation information, including education requirements for clinician instructors, types of patient care units, and clinical faculty-to-student ratios is presented. Case studies of the three programs suggest the DEU model is adaptable to a range of different clinical settings and continues to show promise as one strategy for addressing the nurse faculty shortage and strengthening academic–clinical collaborations while maintaining quality clinical education for students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(5):259–267.]
Interventions Affecting Self-Care, Productivity, and Leisure among Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: McColl Mary Ann , Law Mary
Published: April 2013

This study is a scoping review of 21 years of international occupational therapy literature. Its purpose is to identify and describe interventions used by occupational therapists to enable self-care, productivity, and leisure. The scoping review produced 59 articles published between 1990 and 2010. Nine articles evaluated the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions focused on leisure outcomes, 21 on productivity outcomes, and 29 on self-care outcomes. The programs were classified according to eight types of interventions: training, education, skill development, task adaptation, occupational development, environmental modification, support provision, and support enhancement. Most studies produced at least one significant positive result (82%), indicating that occupational therapy programs were at least partially successful in improving self-care, productivity, or leisure. There is good evidence for task adaptation, training, and skill development interventions, and for the role of occupational therapy in multi-disciplinary teams.
Air Embolism During Arthrography for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Takeuchi Ryoko , Kamada Hiroshi , Sato Yuki , Sakane Masataka
Published: April 2013

Arthrography is useful method to evaluate obstruct factors and the congruity of the femoral head for developmental dysplasia of the hip. We usually use an air injection to ascertain whether the needle is accurately insert intraarticularly, because leakage of the contrast medium may make it difficult to identify intraarticular structure in the hip joint. We report the experience the case that suspected air embolism by air injection in the arthrogram. An air injection for arthrography must be avoided the case of infants. To confirm that a needle is correctly inserted intraarticularly, it is preferable to inject saline. Alternatively, it may be suitable to use sonography for confirming the position of the needle for arthrography.
Particle number concentrations over Europe in 2030: the role of emissions and new particle formation
Authors: Ahlm L. , Julin J. , Fountoukis C. , Pandis S. N. , Riipinen I.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. The aerosol particle number concentration is a key parameter when estimating impacts of aerosol particles on climate and human health. We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model with detailed microphysics, PMCAMx-UF, to simulate particle number concentrations over Europe in the year 2030, by applying emission scenarios for trace gases and primary aerosols. The scenarios are based on expected changes in anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and primary aerosol particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) focusing on a photochemically active period. For the baseline scenario, which represents a best estimate of the evolution of anthropogenic emissions in Europe, PMCAMx-UF predicts that the total particle number concentration (Ntot) will decrease by 30–70% between 2008 and 2030. The number concentration of particles larger than 100 nm (N100), a proxy for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration, is predicted to decrease by 40–70% during the same period. The predicted decrease in Ntot is mainly a result of reduced new particle formation due to the expected reduction in SO2 emissions, whereas the predicted decrease in N100 is a result of both decreasing condensational growth and reduced primary aerosol emissions. For larger emission reductions, PMCAMx-UF predicts reductions of 60–80% in both Ntot and N100 over Europe. Sensitivity tests reveal that a reduction in SO2 emissions is far more efficient than any other emission reduction investigated, in reducing Ntot. For N100, emission reductions of both SO2 and PM2.5 contribute significantly to the reduced concentration, even though SO2 plays the dominant role once more. The impact of SO2 for both new particle formation and growth over Europe may be expected to be somewhat higher during the simulated period with high photochemical activity than during times of the year with less incoming solar radiation. The predicted reductions in both Ntot and N100 between 2008 and 2030 in this study will likely reduce both the aerosol direct and indirect effects, and limit the damaging effects of aerosol particles on human health in Europe.
Inter-calibration of polar imager solar channels using SEVIRI
Authors: Meirink J. F. , Roebeling R. A. , Stammes P.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Accurate calibration of satellite imagers is a prerequisite for using their measurements in climate applications. Here we present a method for the inter-calibration of geostationary and polar-orbiting imager solar channels based on regressions of collocated near-nadir radiances. Specific attention is paid to correcting for differences in spectral response between instruments. The method is used to calibrate the solar channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the geostationary Meteosat satellite with corresponding channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the polar-orbiting Aqua satellite. The SEVIRI operational calibration is found to be stable during the years 2004 to 2009 but off by −8, −6, and +3.5% for channels 1 (0.6 μm), 2 (0.8 μm), and 3 (1.6 μm), respectively. These results are robust for a range of choices that can be made regarding data collocation and selection, as long as the viewing and illumination geometries of the two instruments are matched. Uncertainties in the inter-calibration method are estimated to be 1% for channel 1 and 1.5% for channels 2 and 3. A specific application of the method is the inter-calibration of polar imagers using SEVIRI as a transfer instrument. This offers an alternative to direct inter-calibration, which in general has to rely on high-latitude collocations. Using this method we have tied MODIS-Terra and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites 17 and 18 to MODIS-Aqua for the years 2007 to 2009. While reflectances of the two MODIS instruments differ less than 2% for all channels considered, deviations of an existing AVHRR calibration from MODIS-Aqua reach −3.5 and +2.5% for the 0.8 and 1.6 μm channels, respectively.
A decade of supraglacial lake volume estimates across a land-terminating margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Fitzpatrick A. A. W. , Hubbard A. L. , Box J. E. , Quincey D. J. , van As D. , Mikkelsen A. P. B. , Doyle S. H. , Dow C. F. , Hasholt B. , Jones G. A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Supraglacial lakes represent an ephemeral storage buffer for runoff and lead to significant, yet short-lived, episodes of ice-flow acceleration by decanting large fluxes of meltwater and energy into the ice sheet's hydrological system. Here, a field-validated methodology for calculating lake volume is used to quantify storage and drainage across Russell Glacier catchment, west Greenland, from 2002 onwards. Using 502 optical satellite images, water volume at ~200 seasonally occurring lakes was derived from a depth-reflectance relationship, independently calibrated and field-validated against lake bathymetry. Inland expansion of lakes is strongly correlated with air temperature: during the record melt years of 2010 and 2012, lakes formed and drained earlier, attaining their maximum volume 38 and 20 days before the 11 yr mean, as well as occupying a greater area and forming at higher elevations (>1800 m) than previously. Although lakes occupy only 2% of the catchment surface area, they temporarily store up to 13% of the bulk meltwater discharged. Across Russell Glacier, 28% of supraglacial lakes drain rapidly and clustering of such events in space and time suggests a synoptic trigger-mechanism. Furthermore, we find no evidence to support a unifying critical size or depth-dependent drainage threshold hypothesis.
The Cursing Kit of Ushi no Koku Mairi
Authors: Murguia Salvador Jimenez
Published: April 2013

The practice of Ushi no Koku Mairi is a form of execration loosely associated with the premodern rituals of Onmyôdô, which is a form of esoteric cosmology incorporating Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism. Today, Ushi no Koku Mairi is a syncretic product of Japanese folklore, quasi-religious practice, and popular culture, whereby clients pay for a cursing kit equipped with several items and a manual designed to guide the client through the curse-casting ritual. In this article I examine various artifacts of these cursing kits and draw on their historical, religious, and pop cultural development in an interpretation of their origins, as well as how they were constructed for modern use. I also survey the ways these artifacts are used in a sociocultural context where interaction with and among them cultivates a transcendent experience.
A Critical Analysis of Disabilities Discourse in the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1990-2011
Authors: Dobbs Teryl L.
Published: April 2013

Employing a critical approach to discourse analysis (CDA), I apply four established models of disability to identify the models and discourses invoked in a set of 17 studies published in the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1990-2011: (a) the medical/deficit model, (b) the social model, (c) the theory of complex embodiment, and (d) the cultural model. I selected the Journal for my analysis because of its influence on scholarly discourses within the music education field. My findings suggest that together with three overarching discourses, the medical/functional/deficit model prevails throughout the dataset. In keeping with humanistic disability studies thinking, I explore the implications of the findings and the possibilities that alternate disabilities models hold for music education research and teaching.
La gestuelle du buveur dans le contexte festif andin (note de recherche)
Authors: Geffroy Céline
Published: April 2013

La gestuelle du buveur présentée ici est issue d’un contexte festif et rituel andin dans lequel le buveur s’offre à tous à travers une gestuelle complexe, généralement reconnaissable comme celle d’une personne soûle, et qui évolue au fur et à mesure de l’ivresse. On peut diviser ces gestes en deux grandes catégories. D’une part, les buveurs opèrent des gestes égocentrés, une sorte de repli sur soi qui vise à protéger tant la personne que le groupe. D’autre part, la gestuelle s’ouvre : on parle alors de gestes allocentrés, orientés vers l’extérieur. Cela est notoire dans les mouvements involontaires du corps – dont le relâchement provoque une béance exhibant l’immonde et où l’intime devient visible – et dans les gestes liés aux offrandes et envers les défunts. Ils favorisent une chaîne de réciprocité et de communication avec les divinités et les morts.
Turismo, desenvolvimento sustentável e direitos humanos: O programa “Viaja Mais Melhor Idade”
Authors: Freire de Carvalho e Silva Rodrigo
Published: April 2013

Este artigo tem como objetivo a discussão da relação entre turismo e desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isto, inicia com uma apresentação sobre a evolução histórica do conceito de desenvolvimento, que progressivamente abandona a sua perspectiva estritamente economicista para incorporar, a partir de elaborações teóricas produzidas no plano da ONU, as temáticas da sustentabilidade e dos direitos humanos. Serão discutidas as perspectivas de desenvolvimento de Amartya Sen e de Ignacy Sachs. Em seguida, o artigo foca-se na questão do turismo sustentável, discutindo a relação entre turismo e sustentabilidade a partir do enfoque teórico-metodológico proposto por Sachs e Sen. Finalmente, discutirá a temática do turismo social, centrando atenções no programa de turismo social brasileiro “Viaja Mais Melhor Idade”.
Historische Bauwerksabdichtungen ‐ Traditionelle und neuzeitliche Maßnahmen zum Schutz gegen Bodenfeuchtigkeit und zur Trockenlegung feuchter Wände
Authors: Schmidt H.
Published: April 2013

Zu den schwierigeren Problemen der Altbausanierung gehört die Trockenlegung feuchter Mauern, denn die Ursachen der Durchfeuchtung sind oft nur schwer zu lokalisieren, und die von der Bauindustrie angebotenen Materialien und Verfahren, die den Schaden beseitigen sollen, sind kaum noch zu überschauen. Daß das Problem nicht neu ist, zeigen die ausführlichen Hinweise Vitruvs zu diesem Thema. Die Ursache für kapillar aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit ist besonders bei alten Häusern zumeist die fehlende waagerechte Sperrschicht, die erst in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ihren Eingang in die Bautechnik fand. Gleichzeitig mit der Verbesserung des prophylaktischen Feuchteschutzes wurden Produkte zur Trockenlegung feuchter Wände erfunden. Daß sie nur bedingt oder gar nicht tauglich waren, war erst im nachhinein zu erkennen.
Sicherheitskonzept für neue Normen ‐ ENV und DIN‐neu. Grundlagen und Hintergrundinformationen Teil 6: Regressionsanalyse
Authors: Fischer L.
Published: April 2013

Ein häufig angewendetes statistisches Werkzeug ist die Regression, die der Formulierung passabler Beziehungen zwischen dem Regressanden Y und dem Regressor X, kurz Regression von Y auf X genannt, dient. Der Unterschied zwischen den beobachteten Werten und den berechneten Werten sind die Residuen. Eine gute Näherung für die Regressionskoeffizienten werden mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate erhalten. Besonderheiten der Regressionsmodellierung sind Regression durch den Erwartungswert (einfache Regression) oder durch den Koordinatenursprung; Konfidenzintervall für die Regressionskoeffizienten; Konfidenzintervall für die einfache Regression an der Stelle x; Prognoseintervall für die einfache Regression an der Stelle x. Im Gegensatz zur einfachen Regression ist die multiple Regression die Regression von Y auf eine Anzahl von Variablen X.
Gastroschisis is a defect of the Umbilical ring: Evidence from Morphological evaluation of stillborn fetuses
Authors: Rittler Monica , Vauthay Liliana , Mazzitelli Nancy
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

Gastroschisis (GS) is usually described as an abdominal wall defect, to the right of a normally inserted umbilical cord, without membraneous covering of the extruded organs. However, precise anatomical descriptions are lacking in the literature. Our aims were to provide evidence that allows reconsideration of its current definition, as well as an explanation for prenatal death, based on detailed observation of stillborn fetuses with GS and a review of the literature.

METHODS

Prenatal studies, clinical examinations, and histological findings of five stillborn fetuses with isolated GS are described and photographic evidence is provided.

RESULTS

In all five cases, the umbilical cord was only attached to the left side of the umbilical ring, while the right side remained uncovered, allowing evisceration of abdominal organs. Histological evidence of mucoid‐like tissue at the free border of the ring suggests that at that site the cord was initially inserted and later detached. Characteristics of the umbilical ring, bowel dilatation, and autopsy findings of acute asphyxia strongly support compression of umbilical vessels as the cause of fetal death.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on these findings, on the lack of evidence in the literature demonstrating full‐thickness abdominal wall separating the defect from the umbilical cord, and on a critical review of the proposed mechanisms favoring the hypothesis of a defect separate from the umbilical ring, we propose that GS represents a failure in the normal attachment between umbilical cord and umbilical ring. The consistent clinical course of fetuses with prenatal demise suggests careful targeted monitoring during late gestation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:198–209, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetraamido‐oxacalix[4]arene Derivatives: Synthesis, Structures and Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Kong Lingwei , Ma Mingliang , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Yahua , Mi Xianqiang , Jiang Biao , Wen Ke
Published: April 2013

Tetraamido‐oxacalix[4]arene derivatives have been synthesized via the reactions of tetraamino‐oxacalix[4]arene with excess butyryl chloride, octanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride, respectively. 1H NMR results suggest that these oxacalix[4]arene derivatives preferentially adopt the 1,3‐alternate (saddle‐like) conformation in solution, which were also the case in the solid state as demonstrated by single crystal X‐ray analysis. A dimerized slipped capsule could be formed by tetra‐butyramido‐oxacalix[4]arene in the solid state via intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions under the assistance of two encapsulated methanol molecules. On the other hand, a molecular cavity was formed by tetra‐p‐toluenesulfonamido‐oxacalix[4]arene which can encapsulate a solvent molecule of ethyl acetate.
Label‐free Fluorescent Sensor for Probing Heparin‐Protein Interaction Based on Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Jia Lan , Xu Lingyun , Wang Zhaohui , Xu Jianping , Ji Jian
Published: April 2013

In this paper a label‐free fluorescent sensor for probing the interaction between heparin and protein was reported. Heparin, the bioactive polyanions, formed supramolecular assemblies with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The environment‐dependent dye pyrene, encapsulated in hydrophobic interiors of the supramolecular assemblies worked as the fluorescence probe. Once the heparin‐binding protein was added, competing interactions of protein with heparin would weaken the interaction between CTAB and heparin. As a result, the noncovalently sequestered pyrene would be released upon disassembly and the fluorescence of the released pyrene was subsequently decreased. The binding events were exemplified by protamine and Tat peptide, these processes were also verified by DLS and TEM. Such a strategy is appealing as organic synthesis was traded off against supramolecular assembly. This label‐free fluorescent system is simple, selective, convenient, and can serve as a good complement to other existing methods, also this method has the potential for preprimary drug screening.
Modeling the performance of parallel applications using model selection techniques
Authors: Martínez D. R. , Blanco V. , Cabaleiro J. C. , Pena T. F. , Rivera F. F.
Published: April 2013

Nowadays, parallel architectures are changing so fast that there is a need for scalable and efficient tools to analyze and predict the performance of parallel applications. Analytical models are proved to be a useful approximation for characterizing parallel algorithms, but developing accurate analytical models is a hard issue, and, in general, they provide coarse performance predictions due to their intrinsic lack of accuracy. In this paper, we describe in detail the Tools for Instrumentation and Analysis (TIA) framework, an easy‐to‐use tool that automatically obtains accurate performance models by means of analytical expressions. This framework automatizes most of its internal tasks, reducing opportunities for human error, and it only requires the user to focus on the metrics and execution parameters that might influence the performance, those that should be considered in the modeling process. Its main advantage over other tools is that TIA uses model selection techniques that allow the automation of the modeling process. As a case of study, the use of TIA to obtain analytical models of different implementations of the broadcast collective communication in a cluster of multicores is shown. The results obtained by TIA are evaluated and compared with theoretical approaches based on the LogGP model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioorthogonal Chemical Handle for Tracking Multifunctional Nanoparticles
Authors: Goonewardena Sascha N. , Zong Hong , Leroueil Pascale R. , Baker James R.
Published: April 2013

Nanoparticle technologies have tremendous potential in clinical medicine. To fully realize this potential, one must further understand how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. Typically, reporters that are conjugated to nanoparticles during synthesis are used to monitor the nanoparticles in biological systems. Unfortunately, conjugating reporters to nanoparticles complicates the synthesis and the reporter itself may alter the nanoparticle properties. To address these challenges, a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition strategy has been developed to functionalize nanoparticles with fluorescent reporters after they have been delivered to biological systems. Using polyamidoamine dendrimers as model nanoparticles, the utility of this strategy is shown in several biological systems including a cancer cell model, primary immune cells, and a murine model of inflammation. This reporter strategy simplifies the synthesis without sacrificing the ability to monitor the nanoparticle conjugates. It is expected that this bioorthogonal reporter strategy can be used to understand nanoparticle interactions in biological systems, which will facilitate the translation of these technologies to the clinics.
Acid‐Induced Degradation and Ancillary Ligand Replacement of Biscyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Li Wanfei , Liu Yang , Zhou Ming
Published: April 2013

Three biscyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with three different ancillary ligands have been investigated with respect to the final products of acid‐induced transformation in coordinating or non‐coordinating solvents. All of these complexes, represented as [Ir(LC^N)2LO^O] and [Ir(LC^N)2LN^O], are susceptible to acid attack, followed by the departure of the ancillary ligand, LO^O or LN^O. Depending on the coordinating ability of the solvent molecule and whether or not a coordinating anion exists, the final product will be either a solvento complex or a dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer. Although coexistence of the solvento complex and dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer was observed under certain conditions, the conversion of the solvento complex into the dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer has been proven.
Elastic fibers in elastofibroma dorsi by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Domanski Henryk A.
Published: April 2013

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) features of elastofibroma dorsi (EFD) in a 56‐year‐old woman were evaluated. The patient presented with 5 cm soft tissue mass located between the inferior part of scapula and the chest wall. FNA smears were hypercellular, characterized by a mixture of uniform spindle cells, mature adipocytes, and collagen tissue fragments in varying proportions. The cytological findings included abundant degenerated elastic fibers presented as linear (“braid‐like”) and globular bodies with shell‐like and stellate appearances with serrate borders, permitting a diagnosis of EFD. Occurrence of degenerated elastic fibers in FNA smears of elastofibroma is a highly diagnostic sign in the typical clinical setting and eliminates the need for preoperative histological examination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:609–611. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Predictive Content of Commodity Futures
Authors: Chinn Menzie D. , Coibion Olivier
Published: March 2013

This study examines the predictive content of futures prices for energy, agricultural, precious and base metal commodities. In particular, we examine whether futures prices are (1) unbiased and/or (2) accurate predictors of subsequent prices. We document significant differences both across and within commodity groups. Precious and base metals fail most tests of unbiasedness and are poor predictors of subsequent price changes but energy and agricultural futures fare much better. We find little evidence that these differences reflect liquidity conditions across markets. In addition, we document a broad decline in the predictive content of commodity futures prices since the early 2000s. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:607–636, 2014
African Ancestry is a Risk Factor for Asthma and High Total IgE Levels in African Admixed Populations
Authors: Vergara Candelaria , Murray Tanda , Rafaels Nicholas , Lewis Rachel , Campbell Monica , Foster Cassandra , Gao Li , Faruque Mezbah , Oliveira Ricardo Riccio , Carvalho Edgar , Araujo Maria Ilma , Cruz Alvaro A. , Watson Harold , Mercado Dilia , Knight‐Madden Jennifer , Ruczinski Ingo , Dunston Georgia , Ford Jean , Caraballo Luis , Beaty Terri H. , Mathias Rasika A. , Barnes Kathleen C.
Published: April 2013

Characterization of genetic admixture of populations in the Americas and the Caribbean is of interest for anthropological, epidemiological, and historical reasons. Asthma has a higher prevalence and is more severe in populations with a high African component. Association of African ancestry with asthma has been demonstrated. We estimated admixture proportions of samples from six trihybrid populations of African descent and determined the relationship between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 237 ancestry informative markers in asthmatics and nonasthmatic controls from Barbados (190/277), Jamaica (177/529), Brazil (40/220), Colombia (508/625), African Americans from New York (207/171), and African Americans from Baltimore/Washington, D.C. (625/757). We estimated individual ancestries and evaluated genetic stratification using Structure and principal component analysis. Association of African ancestry and asthma and tIgE was evaluated by regression analysis. Mean ± SD African ancestry ranged from 0.76 ± 0.10 among Barbadians to 0.33 ± 0.13 in Colombians. The European component varied from 0.14 ± 0.05 among Jamaicans and Barbadians to 0.26 ± 0.08 among Colombians. African ancestry was associated with risk for asthma in Colombians (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, P = 0.001) Brazilians (OR = 136.5, P = 0.003), and African Americans of New York (OR: 4.7; P = 0.040). African ancestry was also associated with higher tIgE levels among Colombians (β = 1.3, P = 0.04), Barbadians (β = 3.8, P = 0.03), and Brazilians (β = 1.6, P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that African ancestry can account for, at least in part, the association between asthma and its associated trait, tIgE levels.