bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Visual Interpretation and Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Erosion Gully in Luoyugou Watershed of China
Authors: Zhang Wenyin , Liu Yinfeng
Published: June 2019

There are criss-cross Ravines and gullies in the Loess Plateau, where the erosion gullies grows better. The loess material, which is loose and has the vertical jointing, is easy to suffer from the erosion; the types of erosion in this area mainly include gravitational erosion and the trench erosion. There are typical gulling erosion in Luoyugou watershed of Tianshui northern suburb, located in the interactive region of Longxi Loess plateau hill-gully area and the Longnan mountainous area. Under the support of the SPOT satellite photos in 2008 and field survey, the paper establishes the visual interpretation features of erosion gully, extracting the information of erosion gully, and uses the landscape pattern analytical method, studying the spatial distribution pattern of the erosion gully in the watershed. Finally, the paper draws the following conclusions: 1) The shapes of erosion gullies are strip or arborization, and in the black-white image, the stable erosion gullies appear deep dark color, active erosion gullies present the bright color, and half-active erosion gullies are the shallow dark color; while in color synthesis image, the color of stable erosion gullies mixes garnet, and other erosion gullies are bright green. 2) There are more erosion gullies in the study area where human activities occur frequently, such as the both sides of terraced field, the side of road and the river marshland, the both sides of terraced field have. 3) The erosion gullies in the study watershed are primarily stable ones, whose area accounts for 51.3% of the total erosion gullies, and half-active ones accounts for 18.3%. This phenomenon indicates the progress in the control of the erosion gullies in this basin. 4) From the upstream to the downstream in the research basin, the erosion gully's average shape index has the tendency to reduce gradually, illustrating that the more getting nearly to the downstream, the more the slope of erosion gully to be gentler. The data results match well with the actual terrain feature.
Globalisering, consensusbestuur en de regio: naar een nieuwe maatschappelijke en bestuurlijke ordening?
Authors: van den Berg Caspar
Published: June 2019

Globalisation, consensus governance and the region: towards a new societal and administrative order?

In his inaugural lecture entitled ‘From Pillars to Bubbles: The future of consensus governance in a globalized society’, Caspar van den Berg examines the consequences of economic and cultural globalization for the model of consensus governance that defined Dutch public administration for most of the 20th century. In doing so he presents an expansion and refinement of the Lijphartian model of consociationalism, and indicates which four factors supported consensus governance in the pillarized period, and how each of them has suffered erosion as globalization proceeded. It has become increasingly visible that globalization has differentiated effects for different groups in society, but also for different types of regions: booming regions benefit greatly from globalization, shrinking regions face major challenges. By combining recent insights from public administration, sociology, political science, economics and social geography, a new social order emerges, consisting of bubbles that are distinguished along socio-economic and territorial lines. These developments cause friction with regard to representation and decision-making at national, regional and local level. These are the themes on which the research within the Chair of Global and Local Governance will focus in the coming years.
Balanceren en experimenteren
Authors: Groeneveld Sandra
Published: June 2019

Balancing and Experimenting. Public Management between Science and Practice

Increasing demands and competing values force public organizations to introduce new organizational forms that veer away from rigid bureaucratic structures while remaining in control. How do public managers and their employees deal with the dilemmas that these decentralized and organic ways of organizing entail? On the one hand it must be prevented that public managers fall back too quickly on structures that rely on control and formalization, while, on the other hand, they themselves as managers are still primarily held accountable based on those bureaucratic principles. New organizational forms also assume that leadership is shared and distributed. This not only asks for a higher degree of self-management of employees, but also requires from formal leaders that such behavior is supported and encouraged. In our research and teaching on these changes in public organizations, we work closely with practice. That too is a matter of balancing, this time of public engagement with scientific independence.
Open normen zijn geen vrijbrief voor de rechter
Authors: Frielink K.
Published: June 2019

Open normen zijn geen vrijbrief voor de rechter

De auteur doet in zijn artikel een appel op de Hoge Raad der Nederlanden om in zijn uitspraken aannemelijk te maken dat de regel van ongeschreven recht waarop een beroep wordt gedaan, deel uitmaakt van een meer algemene rechtsovertuiging.
Identifying Challenges and Risks Associated with the Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Feed and Botanicals
Authors: Patil Ujwal S. , King Sarah , Holleran Sean , White Kristen , Stephenson Cheryl , Reuther John
Published: June 2019

Changing weather conditions have heightened the risk of growth of mycotoxigenic molds on crops and various agricultural commodities. Mycotoxins, which are linked to carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in animals and humans, have been traditionally analyzed by immunoassays, gas, and
LC techniques with spectrophotometric detectors. This review discusses the current techniques and challenges in commercial settings associated with the analysis of mycotoxins in unique matrices such as animal feeds, herbal products, and dietary supplements containing botanicals. Because of
the advantages and growing acceptance of LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) over traditional approaches, discussion is mainly based on LC-MS/MS-based approaches. Considering the impact of sample preparation on accuracy of quantitative results, discussion about pros and cons of recently introduced sample
preparation techniques is integrated with analytical methods. A section of the review explains the importance and availability of reference materials for mycotoxins. The present discussion provides good insight into the current challenges and developments during mycotoxin analysis of feed
and botanicals and addresses the need for researchers in terms of an official MS-based method.
Automatic Detection of Heartbeats in Heart Sound Signals Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Vrbancic Grega , Fister Iztok Jr. , Podgorelec Vili
Published: June 2019

The analysis of non-stationary signals commonly includes the signal segmentation process, dividing such signals into smaller time series, which are considered stationary and thus easier to process. Most commonly, the methods for signal segmentation utilize complex filtering, transformation and feature extraction techniques together with various kinds of classifiers, which especially in the field of biomedical signals, do not perform very well and are generally prone to poor performance when dealing with signals obtained in highly variable environments. In order to address these problems, we designed a new method for the segmentation of heart sound signals using deep convolutional neural networks, which works in a straightforward automatic manner and does not require any complex pre-processing. The proposed method was tested on a set of heartbeat sound clips, collected by non-experts with mobile devices in highly variable environments with excessive background noise. The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods, which are taking advantage of using domain knowledge for the analysis of the signals. Based on the encouraging experimental results, we believe that the proposed method can be considered as a solid basis for the further development of the automatic segmentation of highly variable signals using deep neural networks.
A NANOTECNOLOGIA E SEUS RISCOS DESCONHECIDOS: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA NECESSIDADE DE UM NOVO PENSAR SOBRE O DIREITO
Authors: Carvalho Ester De , Bahia Carolina Medeiros
Published: June 2019

Os caminhos abertos pela tecnologia trouxeram a possibilidade de explorar novas escalas e inauguraram uma nova forma de entender a Natureza a partir da Nanotecnologia. Desenvolvida através de um aparato tecnocientífico ultrasofisticado, faz com que a reflexão acerca de seus infinitos alcances e riscos seja conduzida pela certeza da incerteza dos modelos científicos criadores desta nova realidade. Nesta seara, o Direito é obrigado a enfrentar questões de cunho complexo e interdisciplinar, muitas vezes pautado em um cientificismo que confere genuidade e credibilidade somente aquilo que produz e que, pela velocidade com que as novidades transmutam, seguem em franco descompasso com o ritmo da dogmática jurídica. Este estudo, portanto, utiliza o método indutivo de investigação, com emprego de pesquisa essencialmente bibliográfica e têm como objetivo efetuar uma reflexão acerca dos desafios impostos à Ciência Jurídica, no sentido de indicar a necessidade de fortalecimento dos parâmetros próprios de decisão que conduzam, da melhor maneira possível, ao enfrentamento das nuances e desafios impostos pela Nanotecnologia.
ANALYSIS OF THE VIABILITY OF PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS FOR PARTITIONS MANUFACTURED WITH PLASTER AND EPS FROM WASTE RECYCLING
Authors: PORRAS AMORES CESAR , SANTA CRUZ ASTORQUI JAIME , DEL RIO MERINO MERCEDES , VILLORIA SAEZ PAOLA , VIÑAS ARREBOLA CARMEN
Published: June 2019

The objective of this paper is to study the viability of the use of gypsum with EPS from recycling to manufacture elements for the construction of interior partitions.

This paper presents several proposals as construction elements for inner partitions made with gypsum and expanded poliestirene (EPS) from construction and demolition waste, as well as summarizing the results obtained in the different tests carried out to verify their mechanical behavior and in this way compare them with similar construction elements that are currently commercialized.

In this work, carried out under the Waste to Resources (W2R) project, different block solutions are studied, all based on a sandwich panel system, in which the outer faces of the block are formed by a 6 mm thick gypsum board, enclosing a core formed with a low density material, and therefore, high deformability.

Key words: Construction and Demolition Waste; Partition; Gypsum; Sustainable Constructions; Recycling.
Entrevista a Oscar Oncina y Javier Cabrera, creadores de YOS CONTENIDOS
Authors: Marín Antoni
Published: June 2019

Entrevista a Oscar Oncina y Javier Cabrera, los creadores de YOS CONTENIDOS.
Actin’ between phase separated domains for heterochromatin repair
Authors: Rawal Chetan C , Caridi Christopher P , Chiolo Irene
Published: June 2019

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly challenging to repair in pericentromeric heterochromatin because of the increased risk of aberrant recombination in highly repetitive sequences. Recent studies have identified specialized mechanisms enabling ‘safe’ homologous recombination (HR) repair in heterochromatin. These include striking nuclear actin filaments (F-actin) and myosins that drive the directed motion of repair sites to the nuclear periphery for ‘safe' repair. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved, and propose how they might operate in the context of a phase-separated environment.
Fetal and trophoblast PI3K p110α have distinct roles in regulating resource supply to the growing fetus in mice
Authors: López-Tello Jorge , Pérez-García Vicente , Khaira Jaspreet , Kusinski Laura C , Cooper Wendy N , Andreani Adam , Grant Imogen , Fernández de Liger Edurne , Lam Brian YH , Hemberger Myriam , Sandovici Ionel , Constancia Miguel , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N
Published: June 2019

Studies suggest that placental nutrient supply adapts according to fetal demands. However, signaling events underlying placental adaptations remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α in the fetus and the trophoblast interplay to regulate placental nutrient supply and fetal growth. Complete loss of fetal p110α caused embryonic death, whilst heterozygous loss resulted in fetal growth restriction and impaired placental formation and nutrient transport. Loss of trophoblast p110α resulted in viable fetuses, abnormal placental development and a failure of the placenta to transport sufficient nutrients to match fetal demands for growth. Using RNA-seq we identified genes downstream of p110α in the trophoblast that are important in adapting placental phenotype. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we showed loss of p110α differentially affects gene expression in trophoblast and embryonic stem cells. Our findings reveal important, but distinct roles for p110α in the different compartments of the conceptus, which control fetal resource acquisition and growth.
Neural crest-specific deletion of Rbfox2 in mice leads to craniofacial abnormalities including cleft palate
Authors: Cibi Dasan Mary , Mia Masum M , Guna Shekeran Shamini , Yun Lim Sze , Sandireddy Reddemma , Gupta Priyanka , Hota Monalisa , Sun Lei , Ghosh Sujoy , Singh Manvendra K
Published: June 2019

Alternative splicing (AS) creates proteomic diversity from a limited size genome by generating numerous transcripts from a single protein-coding gene. Tissue-specific regulators of AS are essential components of the gene regulatory network, required for normal cellular function, tissue patterning, and embryonic development. However, their cell-autonomous function in neural crest development has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that splicing factor Rbfox2 is expressed in the neural crest cells (NCCs), and deletion of Rbfox2 in NCCs leads to cleft palate and defects in craniofacial bone development. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that Rbfox2 regulates splicing and expression of numerous genes essential for neural crest/craniofacial development. We demonstrate that Rbfox2-TGF-β-Tak1 signaling axis is deregulated by Rbfox2 deletion. Furthermore, restoration of TGF-β signaling by Tak1 overexpression can rescue the proliferation defect seen in Rbfox2 mutants. We also identified a positive feedback loop in which TGF-β signaling promotes expression of Rbfox2 in NCCs.
Imaging neuropeptide release at synapses with a genetically engineered reporter
Authors: Ding Keke , Han Yifu , Seid Taylor W , Buser Christopher , Karigo Tomomi , Zhang Shishuo , Dickman Dion K , Anderson David J
Published: June 2019

Research on neuropeptide function has advanced rapidly, yet there is still no spatio-temporally resolved method to measure the release of neuropeptides in vivo. Here we introduce Neuropeptide Release Reporters (NPRRs): novel genetically-encoded sensors with high temporal resolution and genetic specificity. Using the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model, we provide evidence that NPRRs recapitulate the trafficking and packaging of native neuropeptides, and report stimulation-evoked neuropeptide release events as real-time changes in fluorescence intensity, with sub-second temporal resolution.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Nigeria Economy (1981 – 2016)
Authors: Jeff-Anyeneh Sarah Elechi , Ibenta Steve Nkem
Published: June 2019

The effect of government expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for a period of thirty-six (36) years that is, from 1981 to 2016 was the focus of this study. This study was inspired by two leading controversial issues in theoretical literature and empirical studies regarding the effect of government expenditure on economic growth for emerging economies. First, within the theoretical claim, Keynesian school of thoughts assert the presence of positive linkage between government expenditure and economic growth and development, while neoclassical economists refute this assertion and posited a negative association between government expenditure and economic growth and development. Identifying the side of these two arguments that is akin to all economies remains a puzzle among scholars as validation of either theory across the globe is still in vain. Secondly, the direction of relationship/causality between government expenditure and economic growth and development over the years is still not clear, especially for developing countries. Specifically, this study ascertained the effect of government recurrent and capital expenditure on the growth rate of real gross domestic product. We applied the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Co-integration and Granger causality test using secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria. We found that Nigeria’s economic growth is independent/not affected by government recurrent and capital expenditure. We are of the opinion that the Federal Government through its appointed ministers in collaboration with the legislature review the composition of Federal Government of Nigeria total expenditure by ensuring that capital expenditure takes at least 50% of annual total expenditure. Measures such as reducing foreign training and bogus allowances for political office holders should be tailored towards reducing government consumption expenditures.
Pregnant Women's Health Literacy Promotion Strategies: A Review
Authors: Karamolahi Parisa Farzi , Khalesi Zahra Bostani , Niknami Mryam
Published: June 2019

Background: Given the importance maternal health literacy (MHL) level in pregnancy         outcome and maternal-child health, Investigating MHL promotion strategies is essential. To this end, the present study aimed to identify and report those interventions that conducted for improving MHL.

Methods: A scoping literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Social Science Research Network, CINAHL, Psych INFO, Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, SID and Google Scholar. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Eligible studies were identified from English and Persian databases, published between 1990 and 2018. Studies were screened independently by two researchers who performed the data extraction.

Results: On the basis of the studies’s intervention technique, 2 major health themes emerged:

Group-based interventions (Antenatal classes, Small group teaching, The centering pregnancy model, Web-based discussion forums) and individual -based interventions (Counseling intervention, Web-based educations, The workbook and booklet, Multimedia approaches, Graphics-based tool, A theory-based training program).

Conclusion: This review provides insights into existing strategies for MHL promotion. Health policy leaders and health system planners, should support the uptake of these approaches into usual prenatal care.
Highly Passivated n‐Type Colloidal Quantum Dots for Solution‐Processed Thermoelectric Generators with Large Output Voltage
Authors: Nugraha Mohamad I. , Kim Hyunho , Sun Bin , Desai Saheena , de Arquer F. Pelayo Garcia , Sargent Edward H. , Alshareef Husam N. , Baran Derya
Published: June 2019

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for thermoelectric applications due to their simple and low‐cost processing; advantageously, they also offer low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient. To date, the majority of CQD thermoelectric films reported upon have been p‐type, while only a few reports are available on n‐type films. High‐performing n‐ and p‐type films are essential for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with large output voltage and power. Here, high‐thermoelectric‐performance n‐type CQD films are reported and showcased in high‐performance all‐CQD TEGs. By engineering the electronic coupling in the films, a thorough removal of insulating ligands is achieved and this is combined with excellent surface trap passivation. This enables a high thermoelectric power factor of 24 µW m−1 K−2, superior to previously reported n‐type lead chalcogenide CQD films operating near room temperature (<1 µW m−1 K−2). As a result, an all‐CQD film TEG with a large output voltage of 0.25 V and a power density of 0.63 W m−2 at ∆T = 50 K is demonstrated, which represents an over fourfold enhancement to previously reported p‐type only CQD TEGs.
Hearing impairment as an early sign of alpha‐mannosidosis in children with a mild phenotype: Report of seven new cases
Authors: Lehalle Daphné , Colombo Roberto , O'Grady Michael , Héron Bénédicte , Houcinat Nada , Kuentz Paul , Moutton Sebastien , Sorlin Arthur , Thevenon Julien , Delanne Julian , Gay Sebastien , Racine Caroline , Garde Aurore , Tran Mau‐Them Frédéric , Philippe Christophe , Vitobello Antonio , Nambot Sophie , Huet Frédéric , Duffourd Yannis , Feillet François , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Marlin Sandrine , Faivre Laurence
Published: June 2019

Alpha‐mannosidosis (AM) is a very rare (prevalence: 1/500000 births) autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. It is characterized by multi‐systemic involvement associated with progressive intellectual disability, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, and coarse facial features. The spectrum is wide, from very severe and lethal to a milder phenotype that usually progresses slowly. AM is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase. A diagnosis can be established by measuring the activity of lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase in leucocytes and screening for abnormal urinary excretion of mannose‐rich oligosaccharides. Genetic confirmation is obtained with the identification of MAN2B1 mutations. Enzyme replacement therapy (LAMZEDER) was approved for use in Europe in August 2018. Here, we describe seven individuals from four families, diagnosed at 3–23 years of age, and who were referred to a clinical geneticist for etiologic exploration of syndromic hearing loss, associated with moderate learning disabilities. Exome sequencing had been used to establish the molecular diagnosis in five cases, including a two‐sibling pair. In the remaining two patients, the diagnosis was obtained with screening of urinary oligosaccharides excretion and the association of deafness and hypotonia. These observations emphasize that the clinical diagnosis of AM can be challenging, and that it is likely an underdiagnosed rare cause of syndromic hearing loss. Exome sequencing can contribute significantly to the early diagnosis of these nonspecific mild phenotypes, with advantages for treatment and management.
Molecular characterization of known and novel ACVR1 variants in phenotypes of aberrant ossification
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Zimmermann Michael T. , Wang Haitao , Broski Stephen M. , Sigafoos Ashley N. , Macklin Sarah K. , Urrutia Raul A. , Clark Karl J. , Atwal Paldeep S. , Pignolo Robert J. , Klee Eric W.
Published: June 2019

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a disorder principally characterized by calcification and ossification of spinal ligaments and entheses. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disabling disorder characterized by progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. These conditions manifest phenotypic overlap in the ossification of tendons and ligaments. We describe herein a patient with DISH, exhibiting heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament where clinical whole exome sequencing identified a variant within ACVR1, a gene implicated in FOP. This variant, p.K400E, is a novel variant, not identified previously, and occurs in a highly conserved region across orthologs. We used sequence‐based predicative algorithms, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations, to test the potential for p.K400E to alter the structure and dynamics of ACVR1. We applied the same modeling and simulation methods to established FOP variants, to identify the detailed effects that they have on the ACVR1 protein, as well as to act as positive controls against which the effects of p.K400E could be evaluated. Our in silico molecular analyses support p.K400E as altering the behavior of ACVR1. In addition, functional testing to measure the effect of this variant on BMP‐pSMAD 1/5/8 target genes was carried out which revealed this variant to cause increased ID1 and Msx2 expression compared with the wild‐type receptor. This analysis supports the potential for the variant of uncertain significance to contribute to the patient's phenotype.
High Glass‐Transition Temperature Polymer Networks Harnessing the Dynamic Ring Opening of Pinacol Boronates
Authors: Brunet Juliette , Collas Franck , Humbert Matthieu , Perrin Lionel , Brunel Fabrice , Lacôte Emmanuel , Montarnal Damien , Raynaud Jean
Published: June 2019

Differential scanning calorimetry of high molar mass poly(4‐vinylphenylboronic acid, pinacol ester)s evidenced unusual reactive events above 120 °C, resulting in a high glass‐transition temperature of 220 °C. A reversible ring‐opening reactivity of pinacol boronates is proposed, involving a nucleophilic attack on the sp2 boron and subsequent bridging between boron atoms by interconnected pinacol moieties to form a densely crosslinked network with high Tg. FTIR, solid‐state NMR investigations, and rheology studies on the polymer as well as double‐tagging analyses on molecular model structures and theoretical calculations further support this hypothesis and indicate a ring‐opening inducing crosslinking. When diluted in an apolar solvent such as toluene, the polymer network can be resolubilized via ring closing, thus recovering the entropically favored linear chains featuring cyclic boronate esters.
Bond‐Strengthening Backdonation in Aminoborylene‐Stabilized Aminoborylenes: At the Intersection of Borylenes and Diborenes
Authors: Pranckevicius Conor , Herok Christoph , Fantuzzi Felipe , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger
Published: June 2019

Singly NHC‐coordinated (aminoboryl)aminoborenium salts react with Na2[Fe(CO)4] to yield stable coordination complexes of aminoborylene‐stabilized aminoborylenes, which exhibit exceptional σ‐donor properties. Upon photolytic CO extrusion from the metal center, the diboron ligand adopts a novel η3‐BBN coordination mode, where bond‐strengthening backdonation from the metal center into the vacant B−B π‐orbital is observed. This bonding situation can be alternatively described as a Fe‐diaminodiborene complex. In a related reduction of CAAC‐stabilized (aminoboryl)aminoborenium with KC8, the reduced species can be captured with nucleophiles to form three‐coordinate (diaminoboryl)borylenes, where both amino groups have migrated to the distal boron atom. Collectively, these reactions illustrate the isomeric flexibility imparted by amino groups on this reduced diboron system, thus opening multiple avenues of novel reactivity.
Triphenylamine and carbazole‐modified iridiumIII2‐phenylpyridine complexes: Synthesis, anticaner application and targeted research
Authors: Chen Shujiao , Liu Xicheng , Tian Zhenzhen , Ge Xingxing , Hao Hailong , Hao Yingying , Zhang Ying , Xie Yaoqi , Tian Laijin , Liu Zhe
Published: June 2019

Four half‐sandwich iridiumIII (IrIII) triphenylamine or carbazole‐modified 2‐phenylpyridine (TPA/Cz‐PhPy) complexes ([(η5‐Cp*)Ir(C^N)Cl]) were synthesized and characterized. Compared with cisplatin, these complexes show higher activity to A549, HepG2 and HeLa cells, with the IC50 values changed from 2.5 ± 0.1 μM to 14.8 ± 2.6 μM. Additionally, complexes could effectively prevent the migration of cancer cells. IrIII TPA/Cz‐PhPy complexes could bind to protein and transport through serum protein, catalyze the oxidation of nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotid (NADH) and induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and eventually lead to apoptosis, which was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Moreover, prominent targeted fluorescence property confirmed that IrIII TPA/Cz‐PhPy complexes were involved in non‐energy dependent intracellular uptake mechanism, effectively accumulated in lysosomes and damage the integrity of acidic lysosomes, and eventually induce cell death. Above all, TPA/Cz‐appended half‐sandwich IrIII phenylpyridine complexes are promising anticancer agents with dual functions, including migration inhibition and lysosomal damage.
Ganglia in the Human Fetal Lung
Authors: Cho Kwang Ho , Kim Ji Hyun , Jin Zhe Wu , Abe Hiroshi , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco
Published: June 2019

Although pulmonary ganglia were considered to be an analogue of the myenteric ganglia of intestines in embryos, there seemed to be no morphological evaluation in the later stage of development. We conducted immunostainings of intrapulmonary nerves using 17 human fetuses at 14–18 and 28–34 weeks. The ganglion cells were small (15–20 μm in diameter) in the earlier group, but they increased in size (20–30 μm) in the late group. One ganglion, containing 5–30 cell bodies, was usually located “outside” of the bronchial smooth muscle or cartilage. In addition, a few ganglion was found beneath the mucosa of the trachea and principal bronchi. The highest density of ganglia (5–15 ganglia per section with 50 μm interval) was found at the origin of the subsegmental bronchi, but ganglia were absent along more peripheral bronchi those are responsible for contraction and obstruction of the airway. Therefore, in topographical relation between smooth muscle and nerve, intrapulmonary intrinsic neurons were different from intestinal myenteric neurons. Consequently, a previous hypothesis of “embryonic intramuscular bronchial ganglia” seemed not to be based on observations of the peripheral bronchus but on the central bronchus than the sub‐subsegmental level. An extrinsic migration and redistribution of ganglia might occur at midterm to provide the final location outside of airway smooth muscles. Finally, no ganglion cell bodies were positive either for neuronal nitric oxide synthase or tyrosine hydroxylase. Instead of the classical entity of autonomic nerves, nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) innervation might be dominant even in fetuses. Anat Rec, 302:2233–2244, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Identification of sulfonyl‐loxoprofen as novel phase 2 conjugate in rat
Authors: Shrestha Riya , Paudel Sanjita , Cho Piljoung , Shrestha Aarajana , Jeong Tae Cheon , Lee Eung‐Seok , Lee Taeho , Lee Sangkyu
Published: June 2019

Loxoprofen is a prodrug that exerts strong analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects through its active trans‐alcohol metabolite, which is produced in the liver by carbonyl reductase. Previous metabolic studies have evaluated loxoprofen, but its sulfate and taurine conjugates have not yet been studied. We characterized the metabolomic profile of loxoprofen in rat plasma, urine, and feces using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. We identified 17 metabolites of loxoprofen in the three different biological matrices, 13 of which were detected in plasma and feces and 16 in urine. Amongst these metabolites, two novel taurine conjugates (M12 and M13) and two novel acyl glucuronides (M14, M15) were identified for the first time in rats. In addition, we detected three novel sulfate conjugates (M9, M10, and M11) of loxoprofen. Further study of these metabolites of loxoprofen is essential in order to assess their potency and toxicity.
Artemisia magellanica. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from an Unexplored Endemic Species of Patagonia
Authors: González Silvia B. , Gastaldi Bruno , Catalán César , Di Leo Lira Paola , Retta Daiana , van Baren Catalina M. , Bandoni Arnaldo L.
Published: June 2019

The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia magellanica Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), native to Patagonia, was analyzed by GC‐FID‐MS. This is the first report on the essential oil composition of A. magellanica. A total of 113 components were identified accounting for 95.6–95.7 % of the oil. The essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of γ‐costol (21.0–43.5 %), selina‐4,11‐diene, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, (Z)‐en‐yn‐dicycloether and 23 different esters (28.7 %). In turn, Artemisia biennis, a species native to North America, which is considered by some authors to be conspecific with A. magellanica, yielded an essential oil that was rich in (Z)‐β‐ocimene (34.7 %), (E)‐β‐farnesene (40.0 %) and the acetylenes (Z)‐ and (E)‐en‐yn‐dicycloethers (11.0 %). Thus, as A. biennis lacks the three main components present in A. magellanica, namely γ‐costol, 2‐methylbutyl 2‐methylbutyrate and selina‐4,11‐diene, these compounds could be considered as potential chemical markers for A. magellanica since they are absent or only found as minor constituents in other members of the genus. The data presented herein is also useful for genus taxonomy.
Melanogenesis Inhibitors from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus amstelodami
Authors: Elsbaey Marwa , Sallam Amal , El‐Metwally Mohamed , Nagata Maki , Tanaka Chiaki , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Miyamoto Tomofumi
Published: June 2019

Two new compounds, named 3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl α‐d‐ribofuranoside (1) and 3β‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy)olean‐12‐ene‐23,28,30‐trioic acid (2), together with thirteen known compounds, were isolated from the white beans culture of the marine derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus amstelodami. Structure elucidation of the new compounds was carried out by one‐, two‐dimensional spectroscopy, and high resolution electrospray ionization mass. The antimelanogenic and anti‐allergic activity of the isolated compounds were investigated. Compounds 4, 7, 1, 3, 11, 6 and 9 selectively suppressed melanin production in B16 melanoma cells, using arbutin as a positive control. Their IC50 values were 30.8±5.57, 38.5±6.08, 52.6±6.64, 98.0±1.16, 100.4±3.05, 112.0±0.22 and 144.7±2.35 μm, respectively, while that of arbutin was 151.7±1.27 μm. The tested compounds did not show any significant anti‐allergic activity in RBL‐2H3 cells, as compared to quercetin.
Competency‐based education: Multiple approaches‐a single institution
Authors: Hagan‐Short Michelle , Addison Paul
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of two competency‐based curricula for existing programs at the largest community college with single accreditation serving nearly 160,000 students each year. Utilizing a competency framework and industry partners, program level and students level outcomes were defined to adequately prepare students to meet industry needs. Although the programs were developed and assessed differently, each captured the spirit of competency‐based education, which is to provide a flexible learning environment focusing on mastery of academic content through assessments, regardless of time, pace, or place of learning. This paper identifies how a single institution that already provides a variety of alternative delivery modes to meet student needs can successfully develop competency‐based initiatives in two very different ways. The development effort was realized through exemplary partnerships with local businesses, industries, and other educational institutions. Although the development of the content was completed and piloted, events related to the learning management platform's availability along with difficulties in administering the program, due to exceptions in procedure, resulted in an indefinite suspension of the program. The paper further discusses the need for capital, administrative support, and an understanding of processes and approvals of accrediting organizations and the Department of Education.
Boosting Aqueous Zn2+ Storage in 1,4,5,8‐Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride through Nitrogen Substitution
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Chen Ling , Lu Feng , Liu Jingyan , Chen Xiangcheng , Shao Guangjie
Published: June 2019

The research of organic materials thrives for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries but lacks for aqueous Zn2+ batteries. Herein, we prepared 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide (NTCDI), which is derived from 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, through nitrogen substitution with the assistance of ammonia solution. NTCDI is first applied in aqueous Zn2+ batteries, which can give a high reversible capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. The electrochemical kinetics analysis indicates that the diffusion‐control process dominates in the electrode reaction. NTCDI can keep 73.7 % of the initial capacity of 152 mAh g−1 after 2000 continuous charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g−1, showing great potential for zinc storage.
From 3D to 2D Transition Metal Nitroprussides by Selective Rupture of Axial Bonds
Authors: Ávila Yosuan , Osiry Hernández , Plasencia Yosdel , Torres Ana E. , González Marlene , Lemus‐Santana Ana A. , Reguera Edilso
Published: June 2019

1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (1m2p) is a solvent with proven abilities for 2D‐solid exfoliation due to its extremely high surface tension. In principle, such a feature could be used also to induce the selective breaking of certain bonds in solids to obtain new materials. Such a hypothesis is demonstrated in this study for transition metal nitroprussides, where 2D solids are obtained from 3D frameworks by selective rupture of axial bonds. This contribution discusses the mechanism involved in such molecular manufacture. The crystal structure for the formed 2D solids was solved and refined from XRD powder patterns recorded using synchrotron radiation. Mössbauer, IR and Raman spectra provided fine details on the electronic structure of the resulting new series of layered materials. The experimental information was complemented with calculations for the molecule configuration in its non‐activated and activated forms. In the obtained 2D solids, neighboring layers of about 1 nm of thickness remain separated by activated 1m2p molecules. The interaction between neighboring layers is of a physical nature, without the presence of a chemical bond between them, as corresponds to a 2D material.
Isolation of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex of a Borasilene
Authors: Franz Daniel , Szilvási Tibor , Pöthig Alexander , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: June 2019

Borasilenes, that is complexes which contain a boron–silicon double bond, have scarcely been isolated to date. In pursuit of such species, (Me3Si)3SiB(Cl)NHI (2, NHI=bulky N‐heterocyclic imine) was prepared and treated with KOtBu to achieve formal extrusion of ClSiMe3. The formation of an elusive borasilene (3int) is postulated and it was verified by isolation of the N‐heterocyclic carbene adduct (Me3Si)2SiB(I
)NHI (4, I
=1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene). X‐ray crystallographic study and theoretical calculations on 4 diagnosed a boron–silicon double bond with marked zwitterionic character. The negative charge resides at the Si atom which marks the apex of a trigonal pyramid. Structural comparison of 4 with boron cation congeners (5+, 6+) suggests that the positive charge is mainly located at the trigonal planar‐coordinated B center. The conversion of 4 with pinacolborane (HBpin, 2 equiv) resulted in cleavage of the double bond to produce (Me3Si)2Si(Bpin)2 and (NHI)BH2(I
).
Catalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n‐Butane on Gallium Nitride‐Containing Titanosilicate Catalyst
Authors: Xing Tian , Lang Yang , Chen Jian‐Gang , Luo Qun‐Xing , Liu Chang , Song Jian , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Liu Zhao‐Tie
Published: June 2019

GaN‐containing titanosilicate catalysts were used for the first time for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n‐butane at a relatively low reaction temperature (460 °C). Commercially available GaN powder with a wurtzite crystal structure showed superior reactivity and stability for the ODH of n‐butane. The catalytic property of GaN catalyst for ODH strongly depends on the GaN particle size. The effects of the GaN weight percentage and GaN particle size on the catalytic performance are investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Based on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst characterized via TEM, DLS, N2 adsorption‐desorption, XRF, O2‐TPD, XRD, XPS, and in‐situ FTIR, the textural and structural properties of catalyst were obtained. The catalytic results reveal that the presence of GaN increases the activity of the catalysts, indicating that GaN can be used as a new active phase for the ODH of n‐butane. XRD, XPS, O2‐TPD, DLS, TEM, and in‐situ FTIR results show that activated O species exist on the surface of the GaN catalyst and enhance the catalytic performance with a decreasing GaN particle size, suggesting that smaller GaN particles possess a remarkable capability to activate O species in O2 and C‐H bonds in light alkanes.
Allium sativum extract as an irrigant in pulpectomy of primary molars: A 12‐month short‐term evaluation
Authors: Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid
Published: June 2019

This study indented to assess the clinical and radiographic assessment of Allium sativum extract as an intracanal irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molars. Ninety children with 110 teeth submitted were categorized into two groups. Clinical and radiographic success rates were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months. Qui‐square test at a level of significance was ˂0.05. There was no statistically significant difference (p ˂ .05) between the two groups that has not been detected clinically or radiographically. Clinical and radiographic success rates of garlic extract at 3 months were (80% and 72.7%), which declined at 6 and 12 months to be 76.4% 6 and 74.5% respectively. For NaOCl group, clinical and radiographic success rates were 87.3% and 85.5% at 3 months, 87.3% and 87.3% at 6 months and 89.1% and 87.3% at 12 months. A. sativum extract can be used efficiently as an irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molar root canals.
α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Well‐Defined Cp*CoIII‐Complexes
Authors: Chakraborty Priyanka , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Emayavaramban Balakumar , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo , Sundararaju Basker
Published: June 2019

Although α‐alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols by transition‐metal catalysis is well‐known, the same process with secondary alcohols is arduous and complicated by self‐condensation. Herein a well‐defined, high‐valence cobalt(III)‐catalyst was applied for successful α‐alkylation of ketones with secondary alcohols. A wide‐variety of secondary alcohols, which include cyclic, acyclic, symmetrical, and unsymmetrical compounds, was employed as alkylating agents to produce β‐alkyl aryl ketones.
Carbon Materials as Phase‐Transfer Promoters for Obtaining 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Cellulose in a Biphasic System
Authors: Faba Laura , Garcés Diego , Díaz Eva , Ordóñez Salvador
Published: June 2019

Different carbonaceous materials were tested as mass‐transfer promoters for increasing the yield of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) in biphasic cellulose hydrolysis. The benefits of working with a biphasic system (water/methyl isobutyl ketone) under soft acid conditions were taken as starting point (no humins or levulinic acid production), with slow extraction kinetics as the weakest point of this approach. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and activated carbon (AC) were proposed to improve 5‐HMF liquid–liquid mass transfer. A kinetic analysis of the extraction process indicated the competition between 5‐HMF and glucose adsorption as the main cause of the poor results obtained with AC. In contrast, very promising results were obtained with CNTs, mainly at 1.5 wt % loading, with complete transfer of HMF and a high global mass‐transfer coefficient. The use of CNTs improved the amount of 5‐HMF in the organic phase by more than 270 %.
Indoor condensation prediction based on a surface temperature estimation
Authors: Hwang Kwang‐il , Jeong Young‐Sik , Han Jeakyung
Published: June 2019

Since indoor condensation occurs for a variety of complex reasons, it is difficult to find a fundamental solution to prevent it. Indoor condensation, which is caused by environmental changes (an increase in internal humidity or a low ambient temperature), is difficult to prevent in an occupied residential structure based on the design of the structure. In this paper, we propose a new model for predicting indoor dew condensation that occurs in a residential environment with IoT technology. First, a basic dataset in the condensation environment is collected through a test bed, and a surface temperature estimation method that uses the machine learning model used to evaluate the dataset. In addition to the surface temperature estimation technique, which achieves a low RMSE of 0.97 in the field test, an associated condensation time prediction algorithm is proposed. The proposed method is a new method for determining the intersection point between two temperature changes based on the real‐time rate of change of the surface temperature and the dew point temperature. The high condensation prediction accuracy of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated.
Synergistic terpene combinations as larvicides against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti Linn.
Authors: Dhinakaran Sivajaya Ragul , Mathew Nisha , Munusamy Sundharesan
Published: June 2019

Most of the essential oils (EO) known for mosquitocidal activity contain terpenes as part of their chemical constituents. In this study, four monoterpenes namely γ‐terpinene (T), R‐(+)‐limonene (L), carvacrol (C), and trans‐anethole (A) were screened against late third instar Aedes aegypti Linn. larvae singly and in combination to find out the synergistic interaction. The monoterpenes γ‐terpinene, R‐(+)‐limonene, trans‐anethole, and carvacrol showed larvicidal activity with LC50 values of 9.76, 11.88, 50.19, 48.57 ppm and LC90 values of 16.99, 17.78, 65.21, 75.02 ppm, respectively for Ae. aegypti when tested individually. Prepared binary combinations at LC20 values and studied the synergistic interactions based on cotoxicity factor (CTF) and found that all the binary combinations showed synergistic interactions (CTF > 20). Further, the binary (1:1), ternary (1:1:1), and quaternary (1:1:1:1) terpene combinations on equal weight basis were prepared, evaluated against Ae. aegypti larvae and synergistic interactions were studied by Wadley's method. Among the eight combinations two combinations viz. LC (LC5010.42 ppm) and LA (LC5011.86 ppm) were showing synergistic interactions (R > 1.5) and others were exhibiting additive effect (1.5 ≥ R > 0.5) and none of the combinations showed antagonism (R < 0.5). Among the two methods used the Wadley's method found suitable when combinations were made on an equal weight basis. The two binary combinations found in this study are promising synergistic mixtures which has scope in designing mosquito larvicidal EOs by enriching the EOs with terpenes or by producing EO combinations with these terpenes as chemical constituents in the correct proportions.