bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lazertinib‐Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient With Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Choi Juwhan , Lee Sung Yong
Published: February 2025

Lazertinib is a third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor effective in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer. Although generally well tolerated, this case report presents a rare occurrence of common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 3 rhabdomyolysis in a 69‐year‐old Korean woman after taking lazertinib. The patient exhibited general weakness and tea‐coloured urine with elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum myoglobin and hyperkalemia. Lazertinib was temporarily discontinued, and urine alkalization was initiated. After the patient's condition improved, lazertinib was restarted at a reduced dose (80 mg) without any adverse effects. This case highlights the importance of assessing CPK and LDH levels in patients undergoing treatment with lazertinib, particularly in those with myalgia and elevated AST levels. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms underlying lazertinib‐induced rhabdomyolysis.
Bipartite Consensus Control for Multi‐Agent Systems With Intermittent Communication: A Data‐Driven Method
Authors: Zou Yi , Tian Engang
Published: February 2025

This study explores the data‐driven control methods to address the bipartite consensus of continuous‐time multi‐agent systems (MASs) under intermittent communication (IC). A key advantage of this approach is that it removes the requirement for prior knowledge of system parameters. Since MASs operate in an IC environment, their states may diverge during the non‐communication intervals. To overcome this challenge, a more flexible relationship between the lengths of communication and non‐communication intervals and the convergence rate is established. Remarkably, this approach eliminates the restrictions on communication and non‐communication intervals in existing researches and offers a more adaptable description of IC. Both bipartite consensus conditions and control gains are obtained in terms of input‐state data. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed data‐driven approach.
Legacies of a Large Flood and Biological Control on Riparian Vegetation Successional Trajectories Along a Dryland Braided River
Authors: González‐Sargas Eduardo , Lee Steven R. , Perry Laura G. , Shafroth Patrick B.
Published: February 2025

The interplay of disturbance and stability drives vegetation dynamics. Disturbance reduces vegetation biomass, and stability fosters its development. In riparian systems, natural disturbance is largely manifested through flood‐driven fluvial processes, but other forms of disturbance, such as herbivory or fire, may influence vegetation dynamics. We studied the successional trajectories of plant communities following a 40‐year flood in 2010 that significantly changed floodplain vegetation along the lower Virgin River (southwestern USA). Shortly (0–2 years) after this flood, another large disturbance event of a different nature occurred: extensive defoliation and some mortality of alien Tamarix shrubs (which dominated vegetation cover at that time in the study area) by a biological control beetle. In 2021, we resampled vegetation and topography in 439 plots that we previously monitored in 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2017 along 23 transects across five river reaches. Between 2015 and 2021, stability predominated, with only small floods (1.5‐ to 3‐year) and limited Tamarix defoliation. By 2021, plant communities were converging, but persistent divergences existed and were associated with legacy effects of fluvial disturbance and defoliation. Native Pluchea sericea shrubs had the highest cover across all fluvial landforms. Tamarix partially recovered from defoliation, but only reached similar cover to P. sericea in plots less affected by the 40‐year flood. Native Populus fremontii, Prosopis pubescens, and Salix gooddingii trees, and Salix exigua shrubs, remained subordinate. Our study illustrates how successional trajectories in riparian systems depend on the nature and regime of disturbance and its legacy effects on vegetation.
A “Turn‐Off” Fluorescence Sensor Based on 1,1,2,2‐Tetraphenylethylene for the Selective Detection of Antiviral Agents
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Yilin , Zhao Si‐Si , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Hang
Published: February 2025

In this study, we constructed a “turn‐off” fluorescence probe for the specific detection of antiviral agents by preparing stable reserve solutions of 1,1,2,2‐tetraphenylethylene (TPE), which notably exhibits the character of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The fluorescent molecules were systematically characterized. The maximum excitation and emission peaks were located at 281 and 440 nm, respectively. We discussed the fluorescence response between TPE and antiviral agents, as well as the effects of certain single‐variable factors. The % suppressed efficiency (%E) was calculated and the Stern–Volmer equation was analyzed. The results indicated that Cidofovir (CDV) can more effectively quench TPE based on the mechanism of internal filtration effect (IFE) and static quenching. We studied the linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of CDV. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.2279 mg·L−1. The recovery rates of CDV in blank samples ranged from 93.22%–97.90%. Additionally, different letters “L” were written using the prepared solutions under ambient light and UV light, respectively, demonstrating that the written contents were both readable and easily erasable. The specific recognition of CDV using TPE lays the groundwork for detecting CDV residues, which holds promising prospects for practical detection.
Recent Advancement in the Conversion of 1,2,3‐Benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐One to Other Heterocyclic Systems and Their Applications: A Concise Review
Authors: Khalid Zunera , Ahmad Hafiz Adnan , Munawar Munawar Ali , Huma Rahila , Afshan Noshin , Shafqat Syed Salman
Published: February 2025

The nitrogen containing 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one is structurally worthwhile system for its notable applications in the synthesis of N─, O─ and S─ heterocycles bears pivotal significant usage in the pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals. Today most of common items like dyes, cosmetics, sanitizers, insecticides and plastics are based on heterocyclic moieties. Different starting materials are used industrially for the formation of diverse heterocycles but 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one is a valuable structure used to prepare numerous valuable products. These conversions are radiation or metal‐catalyzed denitrogenation annulation type reactions provide easy, one‐step and atom‐economical route. The vast applications of heterocycles and significance of their cheap synthesis make this subject interesting for scientific researchers and industrialists. This mini review summarizes the recent developments in the transformation of 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one ring to various other structures like phenanthridinones, isoquinolones, coumarin‐1‐imines, benzamides, pyrroloquinazolinones, indolin‐1‐ones, 1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐ones and benzofuranones. Some emerging drugs like ebselen, losartan, irbesartan, luotonin A, deoxyvasicinone and mackinazolinone have been successfully synthesized from differently substituted benzotriazinones.
Recent Developments in Catalytic CO2‐to‐Ethanol Conversion Technologies
Authors: Ahmed Abdulrahman T. , Sekac Tingneyuc , Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Al‐Hetty Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem , Ramachandran T. , Chahar Mamata , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Singh Kushdeep , Abosaoda Munthar Kadhim , Abbas Jasim Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current progress in catalytic technologies for converting CO2 to ethanol, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. A range of methodologies is explored, including thermodynamic analysis, thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic approaches, while discussing fundamental reaction mechanisms and catalyst design strategies. Significant advancement has been made in the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2, with mixed metal and metal oxide catalysts achieving selectivities exceeding 90%. However, challenges remain in optimizing catalyst performance for enhanced selectivity and conversion rates. Electrocatalytic reduction offers a promising pathway, focusing on alkaline electrolytes and innovative catalyst designs such as Cu/Au and Al‐Cu/Cu2O. Meanwhile, photocatalytic systems harness solar energy, with various novel photocatalysts showing potential for high efficiency. This review aims to elucidate the current landscape and future perspectives on CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion technologies, highlighting their potential role in sustainable energy solutions.
Fewer, but Better: On the Benefits of Surfactant‐Free Colloidal Syntheses of Nanomaterials
Authors: Varga Márton , Quinson Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Colloidal syntheses are common bottom‐up synthetic approaches to obtain various nanomaterials, e.g., gold nanoparticles, where a precursor, e.g., HAuCl4, is reduced in the presence of reducing agents in a solvent. It is often claimed, and almost dogmatically believed, that stabilizers, capping agents, ligands, surfactants, or other additives must be added to ensure the stability of the colloids. Although there is almost a systematic use of such chemicals in the literature, a range of surfactant‐free, or additive‐free, colloidal syntheses have been reported. In those syntheses, the solvent plays the role of source of reducing agents and/or stabilizers. Recently, the use of alkaline solutions of low‐viscosity mono‐alcohols, such as ethanol, has been shown to lead to stable surfactant‐free colloids for various metal nanoparticles. Here, with the example of gold nanoparticles obtained at room temperature, it is shown that adding commonly reported stabilizers, such as trisodium citrate, PVP, SDS, poly(NIPAM), CTAB, or chemicals such as hydroquinone, actually does not lead to any advantages compared to the surfactant‐free colloidal synthesis performed in an alkaline mixture of water and 20 vol.% ethanol. The results stress the potential of surfactant‐free approaches compared to more conventional surfactant‐ and additive‐assisted strategies to develop greener research studies and syntheses.
Dynole‐Based Dynamin Inhibitors as Novel Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Sakoff Jennette A. , Amin Mohammed K. , Robertson Mark J. , Chiew Beatrice , Tarleton Mark , Young Kelly A. , Venn‐Brown Barbara , Chau Ngoc , Gordon Christopher P. , Chircop Megan , Paula Stefan , Jones Nigel C. , O'Brien Terence J. , Robinson Phillip J. , McCluskey Adam
Published: February 2025

Dynamin plays a crucial role in mitosis, and dynamin inhibition broadly correlates with cytotoxicity. Dynole 34–2, dynamin inhibitor, is highly cytotoxic, but its poor drug‐like properties limit its in vivo development. Three focused libraries of dynole‐based dynamin inhibitors were synthesized enhance their druglike properties while maintaining their dynamin inhibition and cytotoxicity. Iterative modifications were undertaken to probe the effects of changes to the cyanoacrylamide linker amide, alkyl chain moieties, the N‐propyl‐N,N‐dimethylamino moiety and the indole core. These compounds were screened against: HT29 and SW480 (colon), SMA (spontaneous murine astrocytoma), MCF‐7 (breast), BE2‐C (glioblastoma), SJ‐G2 (neuroblastoma), MIA (pancreas), A2780 (ovarian), A431 (skin), H460 (lung), U87 (glioblastoma) and DU145 (prostate) cell lines to reveal a good correlation between dynamin inhibition and cytotoxicity. High potency against brain cancer cell lines was observed. The most dynamin active compounds returned average GI50 values of 2.26 and 1.5 µM across the cell lines examined. The most active compound against 4 brain cancer cell lines averaged a GI50 value of 4.7 µM; 10‐fold improved over the gold standard for glioblastoma treatment; temozolomide. Importantly, this maintained a tPSA of 24.8Å2 and cLogP of 4.11; appropriate for blood brain barrier penetration. This active analogue in this series was (Z)‐2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(1‐(3‐(dimethylamino)propyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)acrylonitrile (34).
A Turn‐On Fluorescence Probe for Rapidly Sensing Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells
Authors: Ding Zixuan , He Xianlin , Huang Jianan , Zhang Ruqi , Song Yanting , Yang Haimei
Published: February 2025

Monitoring abnormal changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in mammalian cells is essential to understanding its physicochemical functions in biological systems. Generally, H2O2 fluorescent probes used for intracellular monitoring are limited to the long response time and low sensitivity. Herein, the 1,8‐naphthimide‐based fluorescent probe (NPB) with excellent photostability was confirmed to be an H2O2 specific probe due to the oxidation of borate ester to phenol. Compared with previously reported molecular probes, NPB displayed improved performance in H2O2 detection, such as excellent photostability, good anti‐interference, high selectivity, fast response (10 s), and low detection limit (15 nM). Furthermore, the most outstanding advantage of the as‐prepared NPB was mitochondrial‐targeting ability with a Pearson's colocalization coefficient of 0.91. Meanwhile, the probe NPB with excellent biocompatibility was successfully utilized for imaging exogenous and endogenous H2O2 in living cells. The sensing mechanism of NPB to H2O2 was further carefully demonstrated and proposed to involve the oxidation of borate to phenol by H₂O₂. We anticipated that the as‐prepared NPB should have broad application in chemical analysis and reveal the physiological function of H2O2 in vivo.
Nature Inspired Delivery Vehicles for CRISPR‐Based Genome Editing
Authors: Clarissa Elizabeth Maria , Karmacharya Mamata , Choi Hyunmin , Kumar Sumit , Cho Yoon‐Kyoung
Published: February 2025

The advent of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‐based genome editing technologies has opened up groundbreaking possibilities for treating a wide spectrum of genetic disorders and diseases. However, the success of these technologies relies heavily on the development of efficient and safe delivery systems. Among the most promising approaches are natural and synthetic nanocarrier‐mediated delivery systems, including viral vectors, extracellular vesicles (EVs), engineered cellular membrane particles, liposomes, and various nanoparticles. These carriers enhance the efficacy of the CRISPR system by providing a unique combination of efficiency, specificity, and reduced immunogenicity. Synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles facilitate CRISPR delivery with high reproducibility and customizable functions. Viral vectors, renowned for their high transduction efficiency and broad tropism, serve as powerful vehicles for delivering CRISPR components to various cell types. EVs, as natural carriers of RNA and proteins, offer a stealth mechanism to evade immune detection, allowing for the targeted delivery of genome editors with minimal off‐target effects. Engineered cellular membrane particles further improve delivery by simulating the cellular environment, enhancing uptake, and minimizing immune response. This review explores the innovative integration of CRISPR genome editors with various nanocarrier systems, focusing on recent advancements, applications, and future directions in therapeutic genome editing.
A Simple and Efficient Non‐Noble Cathode Catalyst Based on Carbon Hollow Nanocapsules Containing Cobalt‐Based Materials for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sivaprakasam , Ramakrishnan Shanmugam , Jayaraj Santhosh Kumar , Mamlouk Mohamed , Kim Byoung‐Suhk
Published: February 2025

An efficient approach for fabrication of non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalyst is desirable for designing the energy storage and conversion devices in real‐world usages due to low cost and excellent catalytic properties. The preparation of hollow carbon capsules (HCC) containing cobalt (Co)‐based electrocatalyst is reported by a simple synthesis process without using templates for the first time. Initially, cobalt phenylphosphonate (Co‐MOF) nanorods are fabricated through a simple hydrothermal approach. The as‐formed Co‐MOF is covered with a thin coating of polydopamine (DP‐Co‐MOF) through chemical polymerization of dopamine in Tris‐HCl (pH 8.5). The DP‐Co‐MOF is used as self‐degraded template for the formation of HCC under pyrolysis. The formation mechanism and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of HCC are investigated. The hollow structure derived under N2 exhibits a low overpotential (295 mV at 100 mA cm−2) with excellent stability (90.98%) for 150 h, which is further verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the designed anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer based on C─Co─N as cathode delivers a current density of 500 mA cm−2 (at 2.19 V) and 1000 mAcm−2 (at 2.33 V) in 1.0 m KOH at 60 °C. The fabricated new Co‐based electrocatalyst is highly beneficial for the fabrication of cost‐effective and high‐performance AEMWEs.
Folding Competition and Dynamic Transformation in DNA Origami: Parallel Versus Antiparallel Crossovers
Authors: Lee Jung Yeon , Yang Qi , Chang Xu , Perumal Devanathan , Zhang Fei
Published: February 2025

DNA is a versatile abiomaterial for constructing nanostructures with biomedical and biotechnological applications. Among the methods available, DNA origami is a robust and widely recognized technique. Traditionally, most origami designs adopt antiparallel crossovers in both scaffold and staple strands, with less emphasis on parallel crossovers, which offer advantages like enhanced nuclease resistance and single‐strand routing potential. Here, a DNA origami nanostructure is designed, featuring two rotational panels that can be locked into configurations based on either antiparallel or parallel crossovers. By systematically varying the length and arrangement of these key staples, 36 pairs of antiparallel and parallel designs are studied in competitive folding tests, providing insights into the relative preference for each design. The 12 antiparallel and parallel designs are ranked, their folding pathways are examined, and nuclease resistance is assessed. The results reveal that the arrangement of staples near the central scaffold crossover is crucial for shifting between parallel and antiparallel conformations. Additionally, a two‐way isothermal transformation between antiparallel and parallel origami driven by toehold‐mediated displacement reactions is demonstrated, highlighting the potential of parallel designs as dynamic nanodevices for temperature‐sensitive environments. This study offers valuable insights into ‐ dynamics in antiparallel and parallel DNA origami, opening opportunities for designing  nanodevices based on parallel crossovers.
A Long‐Life Zinc‐Bromine Single‐Flow Battery Utilizing Trimethylsulfoxonium Bromide as Complexing Agent
Authors: Zhao Ming , Cheng Tao , Li Tianyu , Xie Congxin , Yin Yanbin , Li Xianfeng
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc‐bromine single‐flow batteries (ZBSFBs) are highly promising for distributed energy storage systems due to their safety, low cost, and relatively high energy density. However, the limited operational lifespan of ZBSFBs poses a significant barrier to their large‐scale commercial viability. Here, trimethylsulfoxonium bromide (TMSO), a nonquaternary ammonium salt, is introduced as a bromine complexing agent to extend the cycle life of ZBSFBs by reducing the imbalance of active substances. Benefiting from the strong interaction between TMSO and H2O, the hydrogen evolution reaction is notably suppressed compared with the traditional N‐ethyl‐N‐methyl‐pyrrolidinium bromide (MEP) complexing agent, resulting in reduced bromine accumulation at the cathode. The resultant solid polybromide‐TMSO complex, featuring rapid electrochemical redox reaction of Br2/Br−, further contributes to reduce the residual bromine. Consequently, the ZBSFB with TMSO demonstrates a longer lifespan of 1500 cycles with a higher average energy efficiency (EE) of ≈81.6% than that with MEP (less than 300 cycles with an average EE of ≈80.2%). This research explores a sulfonium complexing agent and provides a feasible strategy to effectively extend the cycle life of ZBSFBs.
Exploring heterogeneous responses of residential water consumption to lawn size: Insights from a novel parcel‐level dataset
Authors: Stitzel Brandli , Pjesky Rex
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the relationship between residential water consumption and lawn watering, considering precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and lawn size. This paper uses a unique dataset comprising water‐billing information, parcel features, and weather data to explore how lawn dimensions drive water usage. The findings highlight the necessity of considering these factors in models of residential water demand and informing water conservation strategies. Two general findings emerge: Summer water consumption increases by 37% with a 10% expansion in lawn size, and monthly usage drops 52 gallons for each extra centimeter of precipitation in the preceding 30 days. Furthermore, the study examines the heterogeneity of responses among homeowners with varying household characteristics. The paper shows that newer homes have water consumption more strongly influenced by lawn size during summer, and higher‐value homes with larger lawns exhibit greater sensitivity to lawn size in the summer.
Thermal Conductivities of Molten Na2O–SiO2 Slags from the Perspective of Depolymerization of the Silicate Network
Authors: Hashimoto Tomoaki , Ebihara Sho , Susa Masahiro , Hayashi Miyuki
Published: February 2025

The thermal conductivities of molten KNO3, molten NaCl, and molten xNa2O–(100−x)SiO2 (x = 20, 33, and 40) (mol%) are measured over the temperature ranges between 623–723 K, 1173–1473 K, 1173–1573 K, respectively, by nonstationary hot‐wire method to elucidate the relationship between thermal conductivities of molten Na2O–SiO2 slags and silicate network structures. 1) The thermal conductivity measurements of molten KNO3 reveal that the measurements are successfully made without the influence of electrical leakage from the bare metallic wire to the melt as the present data are in good agreement with the reported data measured by the nonstationary hot‐wire method with ceramic‐coated hot‐wires. 2) The thermal conductivity measurements of molten NaCl measured at 1173 and 1273 K agree well with the recommended data. However, the data at 1373 and 1473 K are much smaller than the recommended data due to some electrical noise affecting the voltage changes ΔV between the potential leads. 3) The thermal resistivities of molten Na2O–SiO2 at liquidus temperatures ρLT increase with an increase in the number of nonbridging oxygens (NBO) per tetrahedrally coordinated atoms (e.g., Si, Al), i.e., NBO/T, and have a linear relationship between ρLT and NBO/T.
Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Prospects Toward Sustainable Ammonia Production
Authors: Rems Ervin , Herceg Ana , Yordanova Apostolova Desislava , Dominko Robert , Jovanovič Primož , Genorio Bostjan
Published: February 2025

Ammonia is a key chemical in the production of fertilizers, refrigeration and an emerging hydrogen‐carrying fuel. However, the Haber‐Bosch process, the industrial standard for centralized ammonia production, is energy‐intensive and indirectly generates significant carbon dioxide emissions. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction offers a promising alternative for green ammonia production. Yet, current reaction rates remain well below economically feasible targets. This work examines the application of electrochemical microfluidics for the enhancement of the rates of electrochemical ammonia synthesis. The review is built on the introduction to electrochemical microfluidics, corresponding cell designs, and the main applications of microfluidics in electrochemical energy conversion/storage. Based on recent advances in electrochemical ammonia synthesis, with an emphasis on the critical role of robust experimental controls, electrochemical microfluidics represents a promising route to environmentally friendly, on‐site and on‐demand ammonia production. This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap between the disciplines of electrochemistry and microfluidics and promote interdisciplinary understanding and innovation in this transformative field.
Microalgal‐bacterial aggregates for wastewater treatment: Origins, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Hammond Charles R. , Hernández Misael Sebastián Gradilla , Loge Frank J.
Published: February 2025

Microalgal‐bacterial aggregates are promising for wastewater treatment because they remove organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus while producing biomass that settles quickly. This review details the development of microalgal‐bacterial aggregates, identifies key challenges, and proposes future research directions. While many studies have been performed in the laboratory with synthetic wastewater and artificial lighting, more research is needed to better understand how to form and sustain aggregates at larger scales with real wastewater and natural lighting. While it appears that microalgal‐bacterial aggregates are unlikely to replace or augment conventional activated sludge, they have the potential to improve resource recovery in existing microalgae‐based wastewater treatment processes (e.g., high‐rate algal ponds). Alternatively, attached‐growth bioreactors utilizing microalgal‐bacterial consortia may be able to compete directly with conventional activated sludge while providing the benefits that microalgae offer, although additional research is needed.

Practitioner Points

More pilot and full‐scale research on microalgal‐bacterial processes is needed.

Microalgae cultivation with short retention times is challenging.

Attached‐growth processes may allow for competitive footprint requirements.
Adsorption behavior of levofloxacin hydrochloride on non‐degradable microplastics aging with H2O2
Authors: Li Yinghua , Wang Yiyan , Yang Shutong , Bao Terun , Su Fei , Qian Jie
Published: February 2025

Plastics pollutants, especially microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in diameter) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (Lev‐HCl) often co‐exist in the aquatic environment. To explore the adsorption processes and mechanisms of Lev‐HCl by non‐degradable MPs, in this study, H2O2 oxidation was used to age polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs. The results demonstrated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity increased significantly after aging, as H2O2‐PET (1.167 mg/g) > PET (0.995 mg/g), H2O2‐PS (1.057 mg/g) > PS (0.957 mg/g), H2O2‐PVC (1.107 mg/g) > PVC (0.975 mg/g). After H2O2 aging, the hydrogen bond (‐OH) was more obvious, and π‐π interactions were significantly enhanced. These non‐degradable MPs mainly adsorbed Lev‐HCl by micropore filling (contributions: PVC 65.9%, PS 56%, PET 63.5%). The current study highlights the potential of non‐degradable MPs to act as a vector for Lev‐HCl in the aquatic environment, especially after H2O2 aging.

Practitioner Points

Adsorption behavior of Lev‐HCl onto three non‐degradable MPs was elucidated.

The adsorption capacity increased significantly after aging for PVC, PS, and PET MPs.

The hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions of H2O2‐aged MPs were more significant.

Multi‐layer adsorption on non‐homogeneous surfaces via micropore filling was revealed.
Assessment of pollution in Alibeykoy Dam Lake (Istanbul, Türkiye) and its influent streams: Phytoplankton composition and heavy metal accumulation
Authors: Yilmaz Nese , Dogan Ilhan , Demir Goksel , Yalcin Ibrahim Ertugrul , Khan Saifullah , Ozyigit Ibrahim Ilker
Published: February 2025

In this study, the pollution levels of Alibeykoy Dam Lake were assessed by examining phytoplankton distribution, physicochemical parameters, nutrient content, and heavy metal concentrations. Alibeykoy Dam is a critical drinking water source for the Istanbul metropolitan area. Water samples were collected from the lake and six influent streams (Cebeci, Pirincci, Sidan, Bolluca, Gulgen, and Kocaman) in January, February, May, and September of 2021. A total of 36 taxa from seven divisions were identified, including Bacillariophyta (14), Charophyta (2), Chlorophyta (9), Cryptophyta (1), Cyanobacteria (3), Euglenozoa (4), and Miozoa (3). Diatoms were found to be the dominant group in terms of species richness and abundance. The dominant species recorded in each site were as follows: Microcystis aeruginosa in Alibeykoy Dam and Sidan Creek, Cyclotella ocellata in Cebeci and Gulgen Creeks, Scenedesmus sp. in Pirincci Creek, Navicula cryptocephala in Bolluca Creek, and Sphaerocystis planctonica in Kocaman Creek. Mesotrophic and eutrophic phytoplankton species suggested that the lake is nearing eutrophic conditions. This conclusion was further supported by high concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients detected in the water samples. This research is significant because it provides a comprehensive understanding of the ecological status of Alibeykoy Dam Lake, a critical resource for drinking water in Istanbul. The study highlights potential risks associated with eutrophication and heavy metal accumulation by identifying pollution levels and dominant species. These findings are vital for implementing effective water resource management strategies, ensuring the lake's sustainability, and protecting public health.

Practitioner Points

The pollution rate of Alibeykoy Dam Lake was determined.

The presence of mesotrophic and eutrophic species of phytoplankton indicated the lake's trophic structure.

The measurements were done to estimate the lake's heavy metal and nutrient contents.
A Review of Tree‐Based Methods for Analyzing Survey Data
Authors: Bhaduri Diya , Toth Daniell , Holan Scott H.
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in data complexity and availability present both challenges and opportunities for automated data exploration. Tree‐based methods, known for their interpretability, are widely used for building regression and classification models. However, they often lag behind the best supervised learning approaches in terms of prediction accuracy. To address this limitation, ensemble methods, such as random forests, combine multiple trees to improve prediction accuracy, though at the cost of interpretability. While tree‐based methods have seen extensive use in various fields, their application in the context of complex survey data has been relatively limited. This article provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art tree‐based approaches for analyzing complex survey data. It distinguishes methods explicitly designed for survey contexts from those adapted from other domains. The discussion covers applications in model‐assisted approaches, disclosure limitation, and small area estimation, as well as other recent methodological developments tailored to survey data. Additionally, the article explores aggregated tree models that sacrifice interpretability for improved prediction accuracy. These models, such as Bagging, Random Forests, and Boosting, are explained, along with the concept of out‐of‐bag error for model evaluation. Finally, this article provides the history and development of tree models, from their origins in regression trees to more recent Bayesian approaches, and aggregated tree models. This overview sheds light on the potential utility of tree‐based methods in survey methodology and provides insights into future research directions in this evolving field.
Dusky Gopher Frog (Lithobates sevosus) Repatriation at a Reintroduction Site Through Zoo‐Led Captive‐Release Efforts
Authors: Bogisich Allison , Candia Ana Karen , Cantrell Jessica , Collins Cassandra , Reichling Steven B. , Poo Sinlan
Published: February 2025

Captive‐release programs are an increasingly popular conservation strategy to combat wild extinctions. However, it is critical to determine if translocating animals from captive colonies (“source populations”) leads to the establishment of new wild populations that are both stable and self‐sustaining. To fill this knowledge gap, we provide a case study from the dusky gopher frog (Lithobates sevosus) reintroduction program to serve as an example for other critically endangered amphibians. In this study, we provide quantitative information on the reintroduction and survivorship of zoo‐bred individuals that are released into the wild. This unique opportunity is the culmination of close to 20 years of collective efforts across multiple agencies. By taking advantage of the key monitoring window shortly after initial releases, we can formally declare the first successfully reintroduced, breeding population of dusky gopher frogs founded solely from a captive‐bred colony.
Moscow Martinists as the Providers of the Rosicrucian Enlightenment in Russia: Enquiries into the Emergence of the Hermetic Library
Authors: Morosow Witalij
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the history of the emergence of the Hermetic Library, demonstrating how interest in alchemy in Imperial Russia intensified in the last quarter of the 18th century among the Moscow Martinists from the circle of Nikolay Novikov. The research reveals that, initially, this interest was associated with the development of ideas on natural philosophy and theosophy characteristic of Prussian Rosicrucians. It was these connections with Prussian political figures (Woellner, Bischoffswerder) that led to Novikov’s arrest in 1792 and the subsequent crackdown on Rosicrucians in Russia. However, after Novikov’s release, a large-scale project was launched to create the first manuscript library of alchemical literature in Russian, known as the Hermetic Library. The chapter examines how the Martinists’ perception of alchemical thought evolved from 1782 to 1820s and how the Hermetic Library project became instrumental in revealing the concept of philosophia perennis.
Service Design in the Context of Pragmatic Governance: Cases of the Singapore Government
Authors: Lee Jung-Joo , Ng Debbie
Published: February 2025

Since its initial collaboration with the globally renowned design consultancy IDEO in 2009, the Singapore government has established itself as a rapid adopter of design among Asian governments. By examining service design as a socio-cultural practice, this chapter reviews the trajectory of the Singapore government’s design adoption within the framework of pragmatic governance. Through interviews with public officers and case studies, it becomes evident that their design adoption journey has been characterized by pragmatic acculturation, a legacy of the Singapore government. This chapter aims to illustrate how the adoption and impact of service design are influenced by socio-cultural and political contexts. While pragmatic governance provides the rationale for the Singapore government’s design adoption journey, it also exposes critical limitations, notably a partial understanding of design. Our discussion will explore strategies to mitigate this partial understanding within the context of pragmatic governance.
Applying color-kinematics duality in pure Yang-Mills at three loops
Authors: Li Zeyu , Yang Gang , Zhu Guorui
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We present the first application of color-kinematics (CK) duality at the three-loop level in non-supersymmetric pure Yang-Mills (YM) theory. Building on the minimal deformation approach introduced in [1], we extend its use to the three-loop Sudakov form factor. Although three classes of unitarity cuts fail under the globally off-shell CK-dual ansatz, a compact and elegant solution is achieved by deforming a single master numerator. The final numerators exhibit Lorentz invariance in d dimensions and take a local form. This method harnesses CK duality’s full potential by enforcing a subset of off-shell dual Jacobi identities for the deformation, offering a promising path toward constructing three-loop amplitudes in non-supersymmetric YM theory and gravity through CK duality and double copy.
Description of the behavioural contexts of underwater sound production in juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas
Authors: Maucourt Léo , Charrier Isabelle , Huetz Chloé , Aubert Nathalie , Bourgeois Ouvéa , Jeantet Lorène , Lecerf Nicolas , Lefebvre Fabien , Lelong Pierre , Lepori Muriel , Martin Jordan , Régis Sidney , Chevallier Damien
Published: February 2025

Green sea turtles Chelonia mydas have the ability to hear and produce sounds under water, with some of them potentially involved in social communication. To investigate the potential biological function of these sounds, we used a combination of acoustic, video and multi-sensor recordings of 23 free-ranging juvenile green turtles and we examined the co-occurrences of sounds with behaviours or external events. Our study revealed that most of the sounds were produced when the sea turtles were resting or swimming. However, four sound types were produced in more specific contexts. Long sequences of rumbles were recorded after sunset and mainly during resting. All these rumbles appear to have been produced by several individuals recorded simultaneously, suggesting that rumbles may be used for social interactions. The frequency modulated sound was highly associated with scratching behaviour. The grunt that was produced occasionally when green turtles were vigilant or approaching a conspecific. The long squeak was produced significantly by a small number of individuals in the presence of humans. The grunt and the long squeak may be the first evidence of an alarm or warning signal for intra-specific communication in green turtles. Our results mark a significant milestone in advancing the understanding of sound production in the behavioural ecology of sea turtles. Further experimental investigations (i.e., playback experiments) are now required to test the hypotheses suggested by our findings. Warning signals could be used to prevent sea turtles of a danger and may contribute to their conservation.
Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis through patient empowerment by tailored digital monitoring and education: a feasibility study
Authors: Pfeuffer Nicola , Hartmann Fabian , Grahammer Manuel , Simon David , Schuster Louis , Kuhn Sebastian , Krönke Gerhard , Schett Georg , Knitza Johannes , Kleyer Arnd
Published: February 2025

Patients at risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) describe fluctuating and nonspecific symptoms, making it difficult to quantify symptom burden and recognize RA progression. This study aimed to assess feasibility and diagnostic value of a multimodal digital self-monitoring program in preclinical RA. This prospective cohort study included individuals at-risk for RA, who first watched self-produced educational videos about (preclinical) RA and joint self-examination techniques and then started the REMOTRA symptom monitoring. Key outcomes measured included patient acceptance (Net Promoter Score: NPS), monitoring program usability (System usability scale: SUS), monitoring adherence, diagnostic accuracy, and reported symptom burden. A total of 43 participants (65.9% female, mean age 50.1 years) were enrolled. The educational and self-examination videos received NPS ratings of 54.4 and 31.6, respectively. The monitoring software received usability scores of 88.1/100 (SD: 5.5) at three months and 85.4/100 (SD: 16.0) at 6 months. 24/41 (58.5%) completed all questionnaires, and the average app usage was 4.8 months (SD: 1.8). None of the patients with a REMOTRA score below 10 developed RA, yielding a negative predictive value and sensitivity of 100%. However, the positive predictive value was 12%, and the specificity was 42.1%. Analgesic and cortisone usage was reported by 58.5% and 29.3% of participants, respectively. The strong patient acceptance, ease of use, and high adherence rates, combined with encouraging diagnostic outcomes, underscore the potential of this personalized digital monitoring and education approach. These findings suggest that further validation through multicenter studies is warranted.
Biases in annual density banding with implications for high-resolution growth chronologies in the massive starlet coral (Siderastrea siderea)
Authors: Zoppe Simon Felix , Knebel Oliver , Diers Diana , Deveaux Michael , Gischler Eberhard
Published: February 2025

The aragonitic skeletons of massive corals (Scleractinia) are commonly used as biological and paleoenvironmental archives based on their annual density banding. In case of high-resolution proxy studies, however, taxon-specific biases related to the skeletal architecture of the selected coral species can occur, which may impact the resulting skeletal growth chronologies. This study focusses on the quantification of high-resolution skeletal density records in the massive starlet coral Siderastrea siderea from a nearshore reef environment at the southern coast of Belize (western Caribbean Sea) by using two-dimensional grid-scanning americium-241 (241Am) gamma densitometry. Multiple linear sample pathways were systematically selected through central corallite areas (i.e., around the columella) and the corresponding walls (synapticulotheca) of contemporaneously formed corallites in S. siderea. By following this approach, annual density banding (or distortions in its formation) can be identified and related to the general architectural elements and/or to variations in the longitudinal alignment of corallites. The demarcation of high-density bands is often more clearly developed in the corallite walls than around the columella. Therefore, future high-resolution linear skeletal density chronologies should be established based on the more robust corallite walls to reduce such biases in density banding of S. siderea corals.
Biomimetic separations in chemistry and life sciences
Authors: Tsopelas Fotios , Stergiopoulos Chrysanthos , Danias Panagiotis , Tsantili-Kakoulidou Anna
Published: February 2025

Since Otto Schmitt introduced the term “biomimetics” in 1957, the imitation of biological systems to develop separation methods and simulate biological processes has seen continuous growth, particularly over the past five decades. The biomimetic approach relies on the use of specific ligands—biospecific, biomimetic, or synthetic—which target biomolecules, such as proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, drugs, pesticides, and other bioactive analytes. This review highlights advances in biomimetic separations, focusing on biomimetic liquid chromatography (including immobilized artificial membrane chromatography, cell membrane chromatography, biomimetic affinity chromatography, weak affinity chromatography, micellar liquid chromatography, immobilized liposome chromatography, and liposome electrokinetic capillary chromatography) for the complex separation and purification of biomolecules and other important chemical compounds. It also explores their application in studying drug-receptor interactions, screening chemical permeability, absorption, distribution, toxicity, as well as predicting environmental risks. Additionally, this review discusses the application of biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles, which leverage biological membranes and proteins for drug discovery, protein purification, and diagnostics.

Graphical Abstract
SkillAR: omnipresent in-situ feedback for motor skill training using AR
Authors: Diller Florian , Henkel Nico , Scheuermann Gerik , Wiebel Alexander
Published: February 2025

We present a novel technique called SkillAR to display augmented reality feedback for motor skill learning on a head-mounted display (HMD). SkillAR allows the user to consider movement corrections independent of the head position. Therefore, the user can receive motor feedback comfortably without risking an incorrect exercise performance. Head-mounted displays represent versatile technologies for providing motor feedback regarding skill training. In contrast to room-mounted displays, HMDs are easily portable and wearable. That allows for in-situ feedback in many situations where this would otherwise not be possible. However, the spatial positioning of the 3D feedback is not trivial. On the one hand, the user needs to understand the relation between the body and the suggested corrections in the space. On the other hand, certain exercises demand a specific head positioning to minimize errors and injuries. Depending on the exercise and the type of feedback, these two aspects can be highly conflicting. The paper at hand presents a solution for augmented reality headsets, that provides continuous and omnipresent motor feedback comfortably while facilitating a correct exercise performance. In an in-subject user study with 39 participants, we could not detect a significant disadvantage to SkillAR compared to conventional feedback methods found in the literature regarding identification and execution time as well as identification accuracy, in addition to the apparent major advantages for user health and usability. Furthermore, we found that the users could identify the feedback on the HMD more accurately.
Describing How a Medical Career Impacts Physicians’ Couple Relationships: A Qualitative Content Analysis Exploring the Experiences of U.S. Physicians, Physicians-in-Training, and Their Partners
Authors: Wagner Kathryn , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens , Brown Cameron , Soloski Kristy
Published: February 2025

Those who enter the medical field are required to work extensive hours, invest significant money on their education, and can experience multiple relocations through different levels of training. The demands of a career in medicine may create work-to-family conflict that could lead to physicians and their partners seeking services for mental health concerns and/or relationship dissatisfaction. Systemically trained therapists are well suited to understand how the high career demands of the medical field influence the support systems of physicians, as well as advocate for third order change in educational and/or training systems that physicians are in to support the next generations of physicians. The purpose of this study was to highlight the unique experiences of those in physician relationships to understand how the work demands of a career in medicine impact their relationships. Data were collected from survey responses of individual participants (n = 35) who are in a physician relationship lasting at least 6 months and included both medical and non-medical partners. Results revealed five themes and 17 subthemes which highlight the unique experiences of those in physician relationships. Results identify aspects of physician relationships that mental health clinicians can use to guide therapeutic work with these clients in couple’s therapy. Future research and clinical implications are discussed.