bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The existential crisis and the “ruins” of das Ding
Authors: Serebryakova Yuliya Vadimovna ,   Izhevsk State Technical University
Published: April 2018

The study investigates the reasons for the inability of the Kantian noumenon (das Ding) to be restored from the “ruins” in the modern world, the world of global challenges and disasters. The author considers the paradoxes and contradictions associated with the duality of the world (the world of noumena and the world of phenomena), which produces the system of antinomies. The division into two worlds in views of the German philosopher is due to the devastation of the identity of the Absolute is the Absolute. At this point, the philosopher is looking for a philosophical rather than a religious solution. However, he cannot build a logically consistent basis for the interaction between the worlds of phenomena and noumena. Meanwhile, a contour analysis of the possibilities for structuring and describing das Ding demonstrates a “flickering”, open border “between” ontology and cognition theory. Besides, the author indicates the dangers of thinking in opposites in a situation of existential crisis and a possible solution to overcome the existential crisis.
Cumhuriyetin İlk Yıllarında Türk Basınında Suriye (1923-1927)
Authors: ACAR Burhan
Published: April 2018

Dört asır
boyunca Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altında bulunan Arap coğrafyasının, I. Dünya
Savaşı’nda İngiliz ve Fransız kuvvetleri tarafından işgal edilmesiyle birlikte Türk-Arap
birlikteliği de sona ermiş oldu. Ancak bu birlikteliği son dönem Türk-Arap ilişkileri açısından asıl
parçalayan husus, Hicaz Emiri Şerif Hüseyin’in Osmanlı yönetimine karşı
gerçekleştirdiği isyandır. Şerif Hüseyin’in gerçekleştirdiği isyan Türk ve Arap
devletlerinin ulus-devlet süreçlerinde önemli bir argüman olarak işlenmiş, “Büyük
Arap İsyanı” ve “Arap İhaneti” olarak tarafların tarihlerinde önemli yer
tutmuştur. Mezkur isyanın tüm Araplara mal edilerek, yüzyıllarca süren Osmanlı hakimiyetine son veren isyan olarak ele alınması Türk-Arap ilişkilerinde
bir travma oluşturmuştur.

Son dönemde
yapılan çalışmalarla söz konusu bakış açısı değişmeye başlamıştır. Yeni yapılan
çalışmalarla Türk-Arap ilişkilerinin yalnız Şerif Hüseyin’in isyanı üzerinden
değil, diğer aktörler üzerinden de okunması gerektiğinin önemi ortaya
çıkmıştır. Bu aktörlerden biri de Arap halkıdır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı hâkimiyetinin
Arap topraklarında başladığı ilk bölge olan ve yine Arap milliyetçiliğinin ilk
nüvelerinin ortaya çıktığı yer olan Suriye ve Suriye halkına dair gelişmelerin Cumhuriyetin
ilk yıllarında Türk basınına nasıl yansıdığını görmek amaçlanmıştır. Hakimiyet-i Milliye, İkdam ve Vakit gazetelerinde 1923-1927
yıllarını kapsayan süreçte yapılan taramalar bize hem Türk kamuoyunun Araplara
bakış açısını bir parça sunarken hem de Arapların Türkiye’ye olan bakış açısını
Türk basınının gözünden görme imkanını sunmaktadır.
Mutasarrıflık Bütçelerine Göre Birinci Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında İzmit
Authors: KIRANLAR Safiye
Published: April 2018

Vilayetlerin gelir ve giderlerini

belirlenen bir program çerçevesinde kullanma anlayışı Tanzimat Fermanı’nın

ilanından sonra önem kazanmış ve bu fermanla başlayan süreç vilayet

bütçelerinin yasal zeminini oluşturan 26 Mart 1913 tarihli İdare-i Umumiye-i Vilayat

Kanunu’yla tamamlanmıştır. Bu kanun vilayet meclislerinin, her yıl için, adî ve fevkalade bölümlerinden oluşan bir bütçe hazırlamasını yasal bir

zorunluluk haline getirmiştir. Bu makalede Müstakil İzmit Mutasarrıflığı’nca,

yasal düzenlemeye uygun olarak hazırlanan Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na ait üç

bütçesi (1916, 1917 ve 1918) değerlendirilecek ve bütçeler ışığında İzmit’in

savaş yıllarındaki sosyo-ekonomik durumu aydınlatılmaya çalışılacaktır.

İrade-i seniyyelerinin onaylanmasından

sonra yürürlüğe giren üç bütçede dikkati çeken en önemli ayrıntı

mutasarrıflığın gelir (varidat) ve gider (masraf) tutarlarının yıldan yıla

artmasıdır. Gelir miktarı 1916 yılında 2.865.560, 1917 yılında 3.626.275, 1918

yılında 5.361.250 kuruşken, gider miktarı 1916’da 2.564.821, 1917’de 3.348.275,

1918’de 4.896.250 kuruş olmuştur. Bu sayılar, gelir gider dengesini tutturma

yolundaki çabayı da ortaya koymaktadır. Gelir kaynakları içinde vergiler önemli

bir yekûn tutmakta ve aşar vergisinin payı da bir hayli yüksek gözükmektedir.

Yol bedeli ve ilköğretimle ilgili vergiler de aşardan sonra gelen iki önemli vergi

kalemidir. Gider tutarlarının eğitim, bayındırlık ve sağlık sektörüne ayrıldığı

görülmekte maaş ödemelerininse büyük bir yekûna karşılık geldiği dikkat

çekmektedir. Gelir ve gider miktarı daha az olan fevkalade bütçelerse İzmit

hakkında daha öznel verileri yansıtmaktadır. 
19. Yüzyılın Son Çeyreğinde Osmanlı Mahkemelerinde Vasi Tayini
Authors: SARAÇ ÖZTURAN Seda
Published: April 2018

İnceleyeceğimiz

makale Osmanlı hukuk yapısı çerçevesinde şekillenmiş mahkeme kayıtları

içerisindeki bir sicil defterinde yer alan vasî / hukuki temsilci davalarıdır. Bu

davalardan; Vasîlik ile ilgili konuların 

hangi nedenlerle ele alındığını, böyle bir durumun ortaya çıkmasında

etkili olan durumları, vasîliğin ne demek olduğunu, hukuki temsilci olarak

vasî’nin yükümlülükleri ve sınırları, vasî atanan kişilerin hak ve sorumluluklarının

neler olduğu ya da olabileceği incelenmektedir.

Ayrıca Osmanlı

hukuk yapısında gerçekleşen değişimlerin/ düzenlemelerin mahkeme kayıtlarına

yansıma şekilleri ile Osmanlı toplum yapısında ortaya çıkan değişim ve

gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. 
«El entusiasmo. Precariedad y trabajo creativo en la era digital», de Remedios Zafra
Authors: Badía Fumaz Rocío
Published: April 2018

Reseña del libro El entusiasmo. Precariedad y trabajo creativo en la era digital (Barcelona, Anagrama, 2017), de Remedios Zafra
Glütensiz Ekmek Formülasyonlarında Nohut Unu Kullanımının Ekmeğin Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BARIŞIK Damla , TAVMAN Şebnem
Published: April 2018

Çalışma kapsamında farklı

oranlarda nohut unu kullanımının üretilen pirinç bazlı glütensiz ekmeklerin

kalitesi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Pirinç bazlı glütensiz ekmekler direk

hamur fermantasyon metoduyla elde edilmiştir. Nohut unu (%10.59 nem, %19.11 protein,

%2.84 kül) ve esmer pirinç unu (%15.79 nem, %4.94 protein, %1.44 kül); diyet

lifi, protein ve mineralce zengin olması nedeniyle kullanılmıştır. Glütensiz

ekmek örneklerinin kalite karakteristiği % pişme kaybı, özgül hacim, protein,

kül, renk, doku profil ve SEM analizi metotlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan

analizler sonucunda, glütensiz ekmek formülasyonlarında nohut unu miktarındaki

artış, ekmek özgül hacim ve pişme kaybını azaltırken kül, protein ve CIE L*, a*,

b* değerlerini arttırdığı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Aynı zamanda, ekmek

formülasyonlarında nohut unu miktarı ve depolama süresi artmasıyla sertlik

değerlerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.05). Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına

göre en beğenilen ekmeğin %40 nohut unlu ekmek örneği olduğu belirlenmiştir

(p<0.05).
Artvin İlinde Geleneksel Olarak Üretilen Farklı Marmelat Çeşitlerinin Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri, Antioksidan Aktiviteleri ve Fenolik Profilleri
Authors: ŞENGÜL Memnune , TOPDAŞ Elif Feyza , DOĞAN Hanife , SERENCAM Hüseyin
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada, Artvin İli’nde yetişen kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.), kızılcık (Cornus
mas L.), çakal eriği (Prunus spinosa)
ve Ahlat armudu (Pyrus elaeagrifolia)  meyvelerinden
geleneksel olarak üretilen marmelatların toplam ve suda çözünür kuru madde, titrasyon
asitliği, glukoz, fruktoz, sakaroz, toplam şeker ve hidroksimetilfurfural (5-HMF)
miktarları, pH, renk ve su aktivitesi değerleri gibi bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal
özellikleri ile antioksidan aktivite ve fenolik bileşen kompozisyonları
belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, tüm marmelat örneklerinin toplam ve suda çözünür kurumadde
içeriklerinin %55, su aktivitesi değerlerinin 0.79, toplam şeker içeriklerinin
47 g/100g’ın üzerinde olduğu; HMF içeriklerinin ise 10.95 ile 1094.11 mg/kg arasında değişim gösterdiği
belirlenmiştir. Örnekler farklı oranlarda gallik asit, kateşin, epikateşin,
vanillin, klorojenik asit, kafeik asit, kumarik asit, p-kumarik asit, hesperidin, rutin, elajik asit ve kuersetin
içermektedir. Marmelat örneklerinin fenolik madde içeriklerinin 64.67-205.75 µg
GAE/g arasında değiştiği; kızılcık marmelatının en yüksek DPPH radikal giderme
aktivitesi (%3.72±0.09) gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitli fenolik maddeleri
yüksek miktarlarda içermeleri ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle
kuşburnu, çakal eriği, kızılcık ve Ahlat armudu marmelatlarının insan sağlığı
açısından önemli oldukları ve çeşitli fonksiyonel ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde
kullanılabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, çakal eriği ve Ahlat armudu
marmelatlarında belirlenen yüksek HMF miktarının ürünlerin geleneksel üretimi sırasında
yüksek sıcaklıkta uzun süre kaynatma işlemine maruz kalmaları nedeniyle
oluştuğu düşünülmekte olup, halkımızın bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesinin faydalı
olacağı anlaşılmaktadır.
The Effectiveness of Microlearning to Improve Students’ Learning Ability
Authors: Sirwan Mohammed Gona , Wakil Karzan , Sirwan Nawroly Sarkhell
Published: April 2018

One of the most important requirements for successful learning experiences is learning activity on a regular basis. The problem with today’s learning system is that the learners often get stuck while using traditional learning systems because they can’t motivate them to fast learning and make a creative mind. Successful learning requires getting knowledge on regular bases and keeping it memorable as long as possible. The problem with traditional learning methods is that the learner's mind glued in its state and it does not provide any motivation to them to get new knowledge and improve their skills. Microlearning provides a new teaching paradigm which can allow knowledge and information to divided into small chunks and deliver it to the learners. Microlearning can make the learning subjects easy to understand and memorable for a longer period. In this work, we tested microlearning teaching methods for ICT subject in the Primary school. We chose two groups from a Primary school in Sulaimani city. Then we teach the class using microlearning methods in one of them and traditional methods in the other for six weeks. After testing both groups getting the results, Microlearning group showed around 18% better learning than traditional group. We can conclude that using microlearning techniques, the effectiveness, and efficiency of learning can be improved. Also, the knowledge can stay memorable for longer periods.
Removal of metal post and core followed by endodontic retreatment and endodontic surgery of tooth with failed endodontic treatment
Authors: Al Turki Aziza Abdulaziz , Almuthhin Muthhin
Published: April 2018

Background:

Dental elements can be maintained when the endocrine retreatment is adequately indicated. The growth of endodontic techniques and materials has minimized the indication of surgical procedures even for teeth with intracanal posts.

Case Presentation:

A 34-year-old male patient related uncomfortable sensation and swelling under his upper lip associated with maxillary right central incisor tooth. After radiographic examination, the presence of a smoothly tapered post and an overextended root canal filling associated with a periapical radiolucency and radiolucency on the distal part of the coronal third of the maxillary right central incisor tooth was discovered. The mesial margin of the crown did not fit well.

Conclusion:

Understanding the patients, treatment- and tooth-related prognostic predictors can assist the clinicians in appropriate case selection for apical surgery against treatment alternatives.
El arrendamiento de vehículos con conductor (VTC) y su entramado jurídico: el avance de Uber, Cabify y la economía colaborativa
Authors: Guillén Navarro Nicolás Alejandro
Published: April 2018

En los últimos años, el sector del taxi se enfrenta a la incursión de la economía colaborativa en el transporte urbano de viajeros en automóviles de turismo. Plataformas como Uber o Cabify intentan hacerse un hueco en este sector monopolizado por el taxi, no sin originar un importante conflicto acerca de la legalidad de su actividad. En este sentido, el tránsito de la utilización del modelo de transporte colaborativo al regulado arrendamiento de vehículo con conductor (VTC) ha conllevado a su vez la aparición de esta modalidad en esta disputa, sirviendo como base legal de actuación de dichas plataformas. De todas maneras, el debate en cuanto a si las prestaciones de Uber o Cabify deben asociarse al principio de libre prestación de servicios o si están incluidas en el ámbito del transporte siguen latentes. Este estudio pretende analizar todas estas cuestiones, centrándose fundamentalmente tanto en el régimen jurídico del taxi, como en el del VTC, y cómo se está solventando la pugna entre el sector del taxi y el avance imparable de dichas plataformas.
Legal Implications of the Establishment of Alternative Institution of Dispute Resolution of Indonesian Banking (LAPSPI) on Sharia Banking Dispute Settlement in Indonesia
Authors: Harrieti Nun
Published: April 2018

Sharia banking is specifically regulated by Law No. 21 on 2008 of Sharia Banking, the provision of Article 55 of the law provides that the resolution of sharia banking disputes shall be conducted by the courts within the scope of religious courts, but does not rule out the existence of other forum authority as agreed by the parties. At the end of 2015, an Alternative Institution of Dispute Resolution of Indonesian Banking (LAPSPI) has been established and registered as a follow-up to the Financial Services Authority Regulation no. 1 / POJK, 07/2014 About the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution in the Financial Services Sector. It is interesting to be reviewed what the legal implication of LAPSPI's establishment on dispute resolution of sharia banking in Indonesia is. This research was conducted by applying normative juridical approach method with analytical description research specification. Legal implications of LAPSI's establishment are requiring sharia banks to make LAPSPI as the only space and organization recognized in sharia banking external dispute resolution based on LAPSPI article of the association. Keywords: Dispute Settlement, LAPSPI, Sharia Banking.
The Law Enforcement Against the Criminal Acts of Destruction of Crops
Authors: Rifai Eddy
Published: April 2018

This research uses a normative juridical approach to study the law enforcement against the criminal acts of destruction of crops, about the regulation on the Civil and Agrarian Law. The research approach uses a normative juridical approach that is based on legislation, theories, and concepts related to writing research. The result of the research asserts that the law enforcement against the criminal acts of destruction of crops based on the judges of the Supreme Court Decision No. 1909 K / Pid / 2010, using the viewpoint of Agrarian Law to the principle of horizontal separation asset that the holders of rights to land only control the extent of its surface, while the building or anything inherent in the land have different ownership rights to its land. The criminal law enforcement using viewpoint of Law No. 5 Of 1960 Regarding The Basic Regulations On Agrarian Principles (UUPA) did not need to prove the ownership of the land between the two conflicting party but to prove who the owner of the destroyed crops is. If the plant grows the property of the complainant party then the reported person will meet the elements as perpetrators of criminal acts in the Article 406 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. However, by using the legal basis of the Law Number 51 PRP of 1960 on Prohibition to Using the Land without Obtaining the Permission from the Owner of the Land or the Authorized Person (the “Law No 51 PRP/1960”), landowners can maintain proprietary rights and submit the case to the legal process procedure, hence it does not need to happen that the crop destruction by the owner of the land will be entangled in criminal law pursuant to the Article 406 paragraph (1) Criminal Code. Keyword: Law Enforcement, The Criminal Acts, The Destruction of Crops.
Images in the Contemporary Environment and in Education
Authors: Foutsitzi Archontia
Published: April 2018

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Images in Educational Textbooks and Educational Audiovisual Media
Authors: Foutsitzi Archontia
Published: April 2018

0
Bernhard Schlink’s the Reader, the Trauma of Second-Generation Germans
Authors: Uzun Gamze Sabancı
Published: April 2018

0
Reading Language of Bilingual Children and Its Characteristics
Authors: Belešová Mária , Csandová Eva
Published: April 2018

0
Two-Dimensional Tableaux
Authors: Gilbert David
Published: April 2018

We present two-dimensional tableau systems for the actuality, fixedly, and up-arrow operators. All systems are proved sound and complete with respect to a two-dimensional semantics. In addition, a decision procedure for the actuality logics is discussed.
There is no Logical Negation: True, False, Both, and Neither
Authors: Beall Jc
Published: April 2018

In this paper I advance and defend a very simple position according to which logic is subclassical but is weaker than the leading subclassical-logic views have it.
Metametaphysics and Dialetheism
Authors: Finn Suki
Published: April 2018

This paper reflects on metametaphysics and as such develops a metametameta-physical view: that quietist metametaphysics requires dialetheism, and in turn a paraconsistent logic. I demonstrate this using Carnap’s metametaphysical position in his 'Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology' (1950) as an example, with regard to how it exhibits self-reference and results in inconsistency. I show how applying Carnap’s position to itself produces a dilemma, both horns of which lead to a contradiction. Such inconsistency commonly arises from meta-theories with global scope, as the 'meta' approach aims to transcend the scope of that which it is theorizing about, whilst the global nature will place itself back within the scope of that which it is theorizing about, which together result in the theory referring to itself whilst refuting itself. I argue that any global metametaphysical theory that draws a limit to thought will face self-reference problems leading to contradictory realms. My conclusion is conditional: If we want to meta-philosophize in such a way and treat quietist meta-theories as being true, then we need to be dialetheist and utilize a paraconsistent logic in order to accommodate the contradictions that result from such theorizing.
Fixed-Point Models for Theories of Properties and Classes
Authors: Restall Greg
Published: April 2018

There is a vibrant (but minority) community among philosophical logicians seeking to resolve the paradoxes of classes, properties and truth by way of adopting some non-classical logic in which trivialising paradoxical arguments are not valid. There is also a long tradition in theoretical computer science|going back to Dana Scott's fixed point model construction for the untyped lambda-calculus of models allowing for fixed points. In this paper, I will bring these traditions closer together, to show how these model constructions can shed light on what we could hope for in a non-trivial model of a theory for classes, properties or truth featuring fixed points.
Relevance via decomposition
Authors: Makinson David
Published: April 2018

We report on progress and an unsolved problem in our attempt to obtain a clear rationale for relevance logic via semantic decomposition trees. Suitable decomposition rules, constrained by a natural parity condition, generate a set of directly acceptable formulae that contains all axioms of the well-known system R, is closed under substitution and conjunction, satisfies the letter-sharing condition, but is not closed under detachment. To extend it, a natural recursion is built into the procedure for constructing decomposition trees. The resulting set of acceptable formulae has many attractive features, but it remains an open question whether it continues to satisfy the crucial letter-sharing condition.
The Wage Curve and Local Labour Markets in New Zealand
Authors: Morrison Philip S. , Poot Jacques
Published: April 2018

Blanchflower and Oswald argue in their 1994 book that there is a stable downward-sloping convex curve linking the level of pay to the local unemployment rate. They derived this so-called wage curve from measurements on individuals within regions (local labour markets) for several countries and periods. Other investigators have confirmed the robustness of this finding. In this paper we seek evidence for the wage curve in New Zealand drawing on data at the regional level by means of the /996 census of population and dwellings. New Zealand research is hampered by the inaccessibility of unit record data and the paper reports results based on publicly available grouped data. The results show that a cross-sectional wage curve does exist in New Zealand. The elasticity is in the range of-0.07 to -0.12, which is similar to results obtained for other countries. However, research to date has not been able to choose between competing explanations for this phenomenon. We argue that a better understanding of the dynamics of local labour markets is an essential requirement for further study of the wage curve.
Solo Parents: Mother-Work and/or Other Work? Libreal, Conservative and Solidaristic Policies
Authors: Briar Celia
Published: April 2018

In recent years, New Zealand has been following the American lead in expecting solo parents (in practice mainly mothers) to move off state benefits and rely upon a combination of their own earnings from paid employment plus contributions from the absent parent. However; whilst this policy direction is fast becoming the greater norm in the 'residual' welfare states of the English speaking nations, there are greater variations in Europe. For the purposes of this paper, three broad classifications in welfare policy towards mothers are used: liberal (prioritising individual responsibility), conservative (a focus on family and community responsibility) and solidaristic (state/collective responsibility). These are of course 'ideal types', and the welfare policies of all nations examined contain elements of all three approaches to welfare. The paper assesses the extent to which each of these approaches provides solo mothers with genuine options regarding paid I unpaid work, and freedom from poverty.
Homecare Workers: A Case Study of a Female Occupation
Authors: Dwyer Maire
Published: April 2018

The research was carried out for the Ministry of Women S Affairs by M dire Dwyer, Janice Bums, Jo Lynch and Huia ngarangi-Lambie. The aim was to investigate the factors that influenced the pay and conditions of homecare workers. A literature review was carried out in tandem with a small programme of field research which involved interviews with funders, six home care agencies, workers and clients. The study found that the factors that led to low pay and conditions for homecare workers in New Zealand were substantially similar to those identified in the literature. Wages were low, $8.50 - $10.50 an hour, with effective wages even lower as no agencies paid for travel time and half did not pay allowances for using own vehicles. Only half the workers had received training, and most workers spent more time than paid for with some clients.
Company Employment Policies and Practices in the use of Immigrant Linguistic and Cultural Studies
Authors: Watts Noel , Trlin Andrew
Published: April 2018

In recent years New Zealand’s immigration policy has placed an emphasis on increasing human capital through encouraging well qualified immigrants to settle in New Zealand. Apart from the qualifications and work skills that immigrants bring from their countries of origin, they also possess, in many cases, proficiency in other languages as well as an understanding of other cultures. To what extent are these linguistic and cultural resources utilised in New Zealand employment? This paper examines the policies and practices of companies engaged in the international business sector to determine the factors that influence effective use of this pool of expertise. The paper draws upon the findings of a survey of companies involved primarily in exporting and tourism, as well as follow-up interviews with selected companies. On the basis of this study, best practice features in the use of immigrant linguistic and cultural resources are identified.
Trade and the Wage Structure: The Case of Manufacturing
Authors: Blumenfeld Stephen , Crawford Aaron , Walsh Pat
Published: April 2018

This paper considers the relationship between international competitiveness and labour market outcomes in New Zealand manufacturing over a twenty-one-year period from 1978 through 1998. Regression evidence suggests increased globalisation has had important and significant impacts on labour demand, particular in the heavily trade-impacted manufacturing sector of the New Zealand economy. The analysis presented suggests foreign competitors are able to capture rents that would othe1wise accrue to domestic producers. In particular entry of international competitors into domestic markets decreases demand f01· (domestic) labour in those industries. In terms of the New Zealand economy, this is manifest, not through lower wages, but through lower employment levels in those markets most affected by imports. Exports, on the other hand, appear to have a positive effect on both wages and employment, although all of the former and much of the latter effect were offset by effects of the Employment Contracts Act (ECA) in the 1990s.
Employment Dynamics in Regional Labour Markets: An Application of Gross Flows Analysis
Authors: Morrison Philip S. , Berezovsky Olga
Published: April 2018

This paper uses gross flows data for regions to show how the chance of leaving employment varies from place to place within New Zealand and how this risk of leaving employment influences subsequent search behaviour. We define labour market risk as the failure to sustain a continuous income stream through employment. Estimates of employment risk are made by applying a linear logit model to selected transition probabilities estimated from a quarter to quarter gross flows matrix constructed from New Zealand Household Labour Force Survey returns for the 14 year period 1986to 1999. We show how the risk of employment separations increase as the size of regional labour markers declines and their demand for labour weakens and how the diminished opportunities for employment in the peripheral regions encourages active rather than passive searching among those who leave employment. In regions with relatively high labour demand leaving employment is more likely to be followed by withdrawal from the labour force. By contrast, labour leaving employment in the weaker, provincial, labour markets is more likely to be followed by active searching (and hence unemployment). The way in which employment risk modifies search behaviour across the country affects the unemployed rate, raising it in weak markets and lowering overstating it in strong markers both temporally and geographically.
The Growth and Gender Composition of New Zealand's Information Work Force
Authors: Engelbrecht Hans-Jurgen
Published: April 2018

This paper documents the continuing growth and gender composition of New Zealand's information work force, at the aggregate level as well as by major occupation groups, over the period 1976-96. Information occupations have been selected from five-yearly Census occupation data at the four-digit level. After lagging behind the US in the past, the relative size of New Zealand's information work force now seems similar to that of the US. By / 996, about 55 percent of the female workforce was employed in information occupations, compared to 40 precent of the male workforce. There seems to have been relatively faster up skilling of the female information work force. The paper also briefly comments on related, but much narrower, 'knowledge worker' concepts, i.e. R&D personnel and the workers of the 'digital' economy, and 011 some of the problems encountered if one wants to relate the work force measures to endogenous growth theory. Finally, a long wish list of further research is provided.
Aging: A Synoptic View of Some Economic Implications
Authors: Scobie Grant
Published: April 2018

Significant shifts in the age structure of the New Zealand population are underway. Their principal effect will be felt between 2020 and 2040. The paper documents these changes and compares them with other OECD countries. There will be widespread implications for savings, investment, the current account balance, productivity, the labour market, growth of the economy and public expenditures. The paper provides a brief sketch of each of these areas. Behavioural response parameters estimated from historical data may offer little guide to the future, which will involve age dependency ratios well outside the range previously experienced. Global capital markets will play an important role in the intergenerational transfer of resources.
Maori Literacy: Its Influence on Earnings and Jobs
Authors: Chapple Simon
Published: April 2018

In terms of explaining the gap between Maori and non-Maori labour market outcomes, little attention has been given to literacy. Yet the 1977 New Zealand International Adult Literacy Survey showed that Maori tested English literacy was considerably lower than that of non-Maori in Prose, Document and Quantitative domains. The paper examines the links between Maori ethnicity, literacy and employment prospects and levels if earnings using cross-tabulations and multi-variate techniques on unit data.
An Analysis of Disparity Between Pacific and Non-Pacific Peoples' Labour Market Outcomes in the Household Labour Force Survey
Authors: Humphris Janet , Chapple Simon
Published: April 2018

Disparity in employment outcomes between Pacific and non-Pacific people is higher today than it was in 1985. The disparity in the employment rate increased substantially between 1986 and 1991, though has been decreasing slowly since. This paper attempts to find reasons for changes in employment rate disparity using cross-tabulated information from the Household Labour Force Survey on region, educational attainment, occupation, industry, length of time lived in New Zealand and working age population size. Our research suggests that a key reason for the increase in disparity was over-representation of Pacific people in sectors that were disproportionately affected by changes in labour demand in the late 1980s. In particular, there was decreasing demand for workers in the manufacturing industry, workers in the occupational grouping 'production and related workers' and workers with no educational qualifications. Higher Pacific population growth may also at times have had an impact on employment disparity.
Experiences of Academics of Workload and Responses by Unions and Management
Authors: Ovens Jill , McCormack Derek
Published: April 2018

Academic staff in tertiary institutions say they are overworked and undervalued. Recent changes in education provision and funding have meant that providing safe, equitable and reasonable workloads is an increasingly difficult management task. The paper arises from a joint union/management working party that surveyed historical and current contexts, including approaches used to assess and allocate academic work in a variety of tertiary institutions. We surveyed regulatory provisions contained in tertiary education collective agreements and found there was no single solution, given the diversity of the sector. Nevertheless we have identified workload models that provide a framework for discussion and negotiation between unions and management in the tertiary education sector.
Absenteeism in the Small Business Sector
Authors: Lamm Felicity
Published: April 2018

In spite of the fact New Zealand small businesses represent over 90 percent of the business population there has been little research and scant discussion regarding absenteeism in small businesses. The implication is that absenteeism in the small business sector is similar to that experienced by large businesses and therefore does not warrant special attention. Based on data gathered from 65 New Zealand small business case studies since 1990 onwards, this paper attempts to outline the issues surrounding absenteeism in the small business sector within the context of the ECA employment environment. It is understood that any discussion on absenteeism cannot be separated from the employment issues surrounding worker injury and illness as one is the consequence of the other. It is also argued that worker absenteeism in small businesses is the action of last resort for the following reasons: lack of compliance and enforcement small business employment practices; precarious employment and the employment environment.
New Zealand Income Survey and Other Sources of Income Data From Statistics New Zealand
Authors: Archibald Judith
Published: April 2018

Many social scientists are familiar with the Household Economic Survey as a source of income data. However it is not the only source. The NZ Income Survey is run annually as a supplement to the June quarter Household Labour Force Survey. It provides a rich set of income data based on a much larger sample size. In this paper I will discuss the NZ Income Survey and compare it to some of the other SNZ sources of income data.
Narratives of Illness and Injury in the Workplace
Authors: Dew Kevin , Keefe-Ormsby Vera , Small Keitha
Published: April 2018

This paper will discusses research examining workers ' responses to injury and illness in the workplace, in particular what factors would encourage or discourage workers from acknowledging signs and symptoms of illness and injury. The objective of this research was to place these responses within the context of efforts to reduce injury, the organisation of the workplace and broader social factors such as workers ' perceptions of the labour market and accident compensation. The paper is based on interviews and focus groups of workers from two workplace settings. Workers' perceptions of the working environment, and their narratives of illness and injury, will be discussed, with a focus on the concept of presenteeism and also entitlement to compensation.
Age, Gender and the Rhetoric of the 'New Career'
Authors: Jones Deborah , Proctor-Thomson Sarah
Published: April 2018

In this paper we compare the career experiences of women, as described in a small qualitative study of older women managers, with the rhetoric of the 'new career'. In this rhetoric, workers now have the freedom to constantly re-invent themselves by choosing from a range of possible career paths. In opposition to this claim, critics argue that only a small privileged group of workers have this experience of freedom, ' because various groups within the labour market have differential access to this 'new career', depending on factors like gender, ethnicity and location. In relation to age, many researchers find that the later stages of most 'careers ' are now haunted by narrowing choices. We critically consider claims about the 'new career' model in relation to older women's work opportunities. We first introduce issues arising from a study of the careers of 20 women managers aged 40 and over who were involved in mid-life management education. In their accounts, they strongly denied that they saw themselves as any less competent as they aged, while commenting that they believed that others saw them as less competent. This age effect was frequently seen as intertwined with gender effects. The women discussed a range of strategies that they used to 'ageproof' themselves and so protect their careers by masking signs of age. We then put their accounts in the macro context of the New Zealand labour market, asking: What evidence is there that older women are disadvantaged in the job market? And what evidence is there that further education offsets this disadvantage? We also set out to identify gaps in the current data, and to suggest useful areas for future research.
Have Computers Changes the New Zealand Wage Structure? Evidence From Data on Training
Authors: Daldy Bridget , Gibson John
Published: April 2018

One of the reasons why inequality in earnings may have widened in recent years is due to technological changes, which include the wider use of computers within the workplace. Partly as a result, the current Government is keen on encouraging people to obtain the computer skills required to enable them to be part of the modern economy. A number of international studies have shown that workers who use a computer at work earn more than workers who do not. While large-scale survey data on wages and computer use in New Zealand are unavailable it is possible to examine the effect on wages of receiving computer-related training. The results from the 1996 Education and Training Survey suggest that there is a significant effect on wages for those workers who received some form of computer training. These effects persist even when controlling for occupation and industry, and they exceed the wage effects of training in other subjects.
Future Dairy Farm Employment - An Application of the Human Capability Framework
Authors: Tipples Rupert S. , Wilson Jude , Edkins Reuben , Edkins Xiaomeng
Published: April 2018

Dairy InSight research project, no. 10015/2003 sought to establish the future employment needs of the industry from a study of the future dairy farm labour market; to estimate future labour required and available; and to provide a full discussion of factors affecting those estimates. The report on which this paper is based was intended to provide a foundation document for any future studies of work and employment in dairy farming. The research strategy adopted was to use the Human Capability Framework (HCF) to analyse the future dairy farm labour market. The use of the HCF to analyse the future dairy farm employment situation was implemented by a systematic consideration of each of the elements influencing the supply side (Capacity) of the dairy farm labour market, the demand side (Opportunity), and the bringing of those both together (Matching), comprising the three main components of the HCF. Statistical resources were reviewed and found distinctly wanting. Other documentary sources were considered, expert opinions canvassed, and key sites and parties visited, to facilitate the industry wide analysis. All components of the analysis, together with practical recommendations, were put together in a single report, which ·was submitted to Dairy InSight, the industry good funder for the dairy industry. They are summarised in this paper.
What Skills do Somali Refugees Bring With Them?
Authors: Guerin Bernard , Guerin Pauline , Diirye Roda Omar , Abdi Abdirizak
Published: April 2018

To get a better idea of why refugees have difficulties getting employment, we interviewed 90 Somali (35 men, 55 women) about their employment histories prior to resettlement in New Zealand and their experiences of employment in New Zealand. Close investigation of employment histories showed that most had numerous skills and that a large number had previously run their own businesses (mostly import/export). However, we that found several properties of their prior skills did not transfer well to their current setting due to language, cultural, and environmental issues. In particular, previous business owners relied heavily on informal language use to influence customers and sellers; many relied on informal social networking over different countries; many depended heavily on informal negotiation; they had trade routes over land rather than sea; they traded goods specific to the region; they ran informal economies on the side; and businesses had few government rules and legal requirements to meet. We make some new suggestions that might help overcome these more subtle difficulties and form the basis for future research interventions.
The Department of Labour's Job Vacancy Monitoring Programme
Authors: Whiteford Andrew
Published: April 2018

This paper introduces the Department of Labour’s Job Vacancy Monitoring Programme (JVMP). The programme is an initiative of the government’s Skills Action Plan and will provide new insights into skill shortages. It was designed through a comprehensive process of stakeholder consultation and a review of the international experience with skill shortage and vacancy surveys. The paper provides an overview of this process as well as a short description of the components of JVMP. These components are: â€¢ the Job Vacancy Monitor (J VM) a monthly analysis of job advertisements (which are classified to a detailed · occupational code) appearing in a single edition each month of 14 major newspapers and two intern e/job boards â€¢ a short, large sample. Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised (SERA Extensive) skilled vacancies to · establish in which skilled occupations employers are having difficulty filling vacancies â€¢ an intensive, small sample. largely qualitative survey (SE RA Intensive) of employers who have advertised vacancies · in selected skilled occupations in shortage, to gain an in-depth understanding of these shortage. â€¢ analysis of statistical sources on supply and demand forces contributing to shortages in selected occupations â€¢ detailed reports on these selected occupations.
Houshold-Based Labour Force Transitions: A New Database and Some Methodological Challenges
Authors: Callister Paul , Singley Susan G
Published: April 2018

This paper explores some methodological issues related to studying household labour force transitions and introduces a new dataset based on the Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). To illustrate the complexity of the topic, we examine the following research question: How long do "work-poor" households remain "work-poor"? We endeavour to answer this question using the Household Transitions database, created for us by Statistics New Zealand. The database compiles eight quarters of data for several cohorts of HLFS households. Our analyses raise several methodological questions. While solving these problems is important if HLFS data are to be used in studying household based labour force transition s. these issues will also have to be confronted when analysing data from the Survey of Family, Income and Employment.
Employment Statys, Job Type and Employer Description Among Persons with a Significant Visual Impairment in New Zealand
Authors: La Grow Steven J
Published: April 2018

A random sample of 150 working aged members of the Royal New Zealand Foundation of the Blind were canvassed about their employment status, the sector in which they were employed and the types of jobs they held. It was found that although 39% were currently in paid employment, 64% indicated that they 'mostly have had paid employment’ or had 'always had paid employment ' since reaching working age. When asked about the position they currently held, 46% said they worked in the private sector, 24% said they were employed in the public sector, and 25% said they were self-employed; 5% responded as 'other’. In terms of the types of jobs they were in, 29% said they were in sales or service, 23% in professional or managerial positions, 13% in clerical positions, 14% in unskilled labour, 8% in skilled labour, 2% in technical jobs; 14% responded as 'other '. When asked to rate their current position in terms of their skills or abilities, 30% rated it as either 'way too low’, or as 'a bit too low; while, 70% rated as about right. A number of demographic variables were investigated to see if they had an effect on the positions held.
Recent Trends in Wage Growth
Authors: McLoughlin Simon
Published: April 2018

Wage growth has risen since the beginning of the new millennium in response to an increasingly tight labour market. So far, however, most measures have shown relatively muted nominal growth in wages given that unemployment is at historic lows and reported staff shortages are at historic highs. Wages are vital to the performance of the labour market because they are an important incentive to attract people into industries and occupations where workers are in short supply, and make up a large proportion of income for people and of expenditure for firms. This paper examines recent wage trends in New Zealand to show that wage growth has been broadly appropriate in the current economic expansion. One of the key difficulties of looking at wage growth is the preponderance of different measures. This paper starts by outlining the various measures of wage growth and then these measures are used to analyse the link between wage growth and labour market conditions.
Research into Labour, Employment and Work in New Zealand: Overview of the Twelfth Conference
Authors: Morrison Philip S.
Published: April 2018

This twelfth Labour, Employment and Work Conference generated papers from a wide set of contributions: researchers from government departments, academics from each of the country's eight universities, researchers from a range of private research organisations as well as practitioners from industry This year, with a buoyant economy and a twenty year low in unemployment, much of the emphasis was on the quality rather than the quantity of work; stress, injury, the meaning of 'career' and the quality of working life as well as job mobility all received specific attention.The following overview summarises the main points raised by 86 authors whose work is published in the 52 papers in these proceedings. The summaries appear under the 17 subject headings provided. The aim, as always, is to encourage others to both question and build on these ideas, to network and collaborate in new research in the two years before we meet again in Wellington in late 2008.
Pay Equity and Equal Employment Opportunity - Developments 2004/2006 and Evaluation
Authors: Hyman Prue
Published: April 2018

My 2004 LEW paper (Hyman. 2006) argued that given the plethora of studies and reports in this area in New Zealand and overseas, the most urgent priority was practical development and piloting of means of implementation of pay and employment equity. There are positive developments, including the establishment and work of the Pay and Employment Equity Unit in the Department of Labour. However, progress is inevitably slow even in the public sector, and many indicators, such as the low representation of women in areas varying from the modern apprenticeship scheme to Directorships of Stock Exchange listed companies; show how far there is to go. Meanwhile carers and cleaners, where Maori and Pacific women predominate, still fight for a living wage. This paper examines and evaluates developments in the last two years, a period when gender and ethnic mainstreaming holds considerable sway in government. This can lead to a lack of commitment, prioritising, and accountability for results, so such monitoring from outside is essential.
Employment Relationships in Dairy Farming - Psychological Contracts Reconsidered
Authors: Tipples Rupert , Verwood Nona
Published: April 2018

The essence of psychological contracting (in the contest of employment) is meeting mutual expectations. The common denominator between legal contracting and psychological contracting is that both are designed to express expectations of the self and of the other. Legal expectations lead to outcomes that are observable, measureable and usually quantifiable. Psychological expectations are usually invisible but nonetheless very real.This paper expresses the need for greater attentions to psychological contracting in a dairy sector going through substantial structural changes involving the replacement of self-employed farmers by hired managers and contract milkers and the widespread adoption of once-a-day milking.