bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common diagnoses among pediatric attendances at emergency departments
Authors: Yoong Shuen Yin Celine , Ang Peck Har , Chong Shu-Ling , Ong Yong-Kwang Gene , Zakaria Nur Diana Bte , Lee Khai Pin , Pek Jen Heng
Published: April 2021

Background

Pediatric patients present to Emergency Departments (EDs) with a variety of medical conditions. An appreciation of the common presenting conditions can aid EDs in the provision of pediatric emergency care. In this study, we established the common pediatric diagnoses seen at the general EDs, with reference to a pediatric ED.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records was performed for patients less than 16 years old at a pediatric ED and two general EDs from 1 January to 31 December 2018. Information including patient demographics, triage category, case type and diagnoses were collected.

Results

There were 159,040 pediatric attendances, of which 3477 (2.2%) were seen at the general EDs. Non-traumatic conditions were most prevalent at both general (N = 1933, 55.6%) and pediatric (N = 128,415, 82.5%) EDs. There was a higher proportion of trauma related conditions seen at the general EDs (N = 1544, 44.4%) compared to the pediatric ED (N = 27,148, 17.5%;p < 0.01). Across all EDs, upper respiratory tract infection, unspecified musculoskeletal pain and gastroenteritis were the three most common non-trauma related diagnoses, while fracture, wound and contusion were the three most common trauma related diagnoses. There was a greater proportion of emergent (P1) cases seen at the general EDs (N = 233, 6.7%) than the pediatric ED (N = 3821, 2.5%;p < 0.01). Respiratory conditions including bronchiolitis, asthma and bronchitis were the most common emergent (P1) diagnoses.

Conclusions

The common diagnoses among pediatric attendances varied between pediatric and general EDs. Therefore, general EDs should focus their efforts on these common diagnoses, especially the emergent (P1) ones, so that they can enhance their preparedness and work towards providing quality pediatric emergency care.
PrEP reminds me that I am the one to take responsibility of my life: a qualitative study exploring experiences of and attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis use by women in Eswatini
Authors: Bjertrup Pia Juul , Mmema Nqobile , Dlamini Velibanti , Ciglenecki Iza , Mpala Qhubekani , Matse Sindy , Kerschberger Bernhard , Wringe Alison
Published: April 2021

Background

Pre-exposure-prophylaxis (PrEP) has been heralded for its potential to put women in control of preventing HIV infection, but uptake and continuation rates have been disappointing in high-incidence settings in sub-Saharan Africa. We explored structural and social factors that influenced PrEP use among young women and pregnant or breastfeeding women in rural Eswatini.

Methods

We conducted two in-depth interviews with ten women on PrEP, and one-time in-depth interviews with fourteen women who declined or discontinued PrEP. Interviews covered decision-making processes around PrEP initiation and experiences with pill-taking. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine health workers, covering experiences in delivering PrEP services, and two focus group discussions were held with men to elicit their perceptions of PrEP. Interviews and discussions were audio-recorded, translated, transcribed and analysed thematically, using an inductive approach.

Results

PrEP initiation and use were experienced by many women as empowering them to take control of their health and well-being, and stay HIV free, facilitating them to realise their aspirations relating to motherhood and educational attainment. However, the social norms that defined relationship dynamics with partners or family members either undermined or promoted this empowerment potential. In particular, young women were rarely supported by family members to take PrEP unless it was perceived to be for protecting an unborn child. Stigmatisation of pill-taking through its associations with HIV and the burden of daily pill-taking also contributed to PrEP discontinuation.

Conclusions

Unlike many prevention tools, PrEP enabled women to achieve a sense of control over their lives. Nevertheless, women’s agency to continue and adhere to PrEP was influenced by social and structural factors including gender norms, family expectations of young women, relationship dynamics and stigma related to HIV. Future interventions should address these barriers to promote PrEP use among sexually-active women.
Quantifying 35 transcripts in a single tube: model-based calibration of the GeXP multiplex RT-PCR assay
Authors: Marquardt Pauline , Werthmann Britta , Rätzel Viktoria , Haas Markus , Marwan Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Background

Quantitative analysis of differential gene expression is of central importance in molecular life sciences. The Gene eXpression Profiling technology (GeXP) relies on multiplex RT-PCR and subsequent capillary electrophoretic separation of the amplification products and allows to quantify the transcripts of at least 35 genes with a single reaction and one dye.

Results

We provide a kinetic model of primer binding and PCR product formation as the rational basis for taking and evaluating calibration curves. The calibration procedure and the model predictions were validated with the help of a purposefully designed data processing workflow supported by easy-to-use Perl scripts for calibration, data evaluation, and quality control. We further demonstrate the robustness and linearity of quantification of individual transcripts at variable relative abundance of other co-amplified transcripts in a complex mixture of RNAs isolated from differentiatingPhysarum polycephalumplasmodial cells.

Conclusions

We conclude that GeXP analysis is a robust, sensitive, and useful method when the transcripts of tens to few hundred genes are to be precisely quantified in a high number of samples.
Portulaca oleracea seeds’ extract alleviates acrylamide-induced testicular dysfunction by promoting oxidative status and steroidogenic pathway in rats
Authors: Farag Ola M. , Abd-Elsalam Reham M. , El Badawy Shymaa A. , Ogaly Hanan A. , Alsherbiny Muhammad A. , Ahmed Kawkab A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Acrylamide (ACR) is a widespread industrial and food contaminant that garnered considerable attention for its carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and reproductive toxic effects. The antioxidant effects ofPortulaca oleraceaseeds extract (POS) and its fertility-enhancing effects were inspiring to evaluate the protective potential and pinpoint the mechanisms and molecular targets of the UPLC-MS fingerprinted POS extract on ACR-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups of negative control, ACR model (10 mg/kg b.wt.), POS at doses of (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt.) and POS-treated ACR groups. All treatments were given by oral dosing every day for 60 days.

Results

Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells.

Conclusions

The supplementation with POS extract may provide a potential protective effect for ACR-induced testicular dysfunction which is mediated by its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and steroidogenic modulatory effects.
COVIDReady2 study protocol: cross-sectional survey of medical student volunteering and education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors:   on behalf of the MedEd Collaborative, Byrne Matthew H. V. , Ashcroft James , Alexander Laith , Wan Jonathan C. M. , Arora Anmol , Brown Megan E. L. , Harvey Anna , Clelland Andrew , Schindler Nicholas , Brassett Cecilia , Allan Rachel
Published: April 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to global disruption of healthcare. Many students volunteered to provide clinical support. Volunteering to work in a clinical capacity was a unique medical education opportunity; however, it is unknown whether this was a positive learning experience or which volunteering roles were of most benefit to students.

Methods

The COVIDReady2 study is a national cross-sectional study of all medical students at medical schools in the United Kingdom. The primary outcome is to explore the experiences of medical students who volunteered during the pandemic in comparison to those who did not. We will compare responses to determine the educational benefit and issues they faced. In addition to quantitative analysis, thematic analysis will be used to identify themes in qualitative responses.

Discussion

There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that service roles have potential to enhance medical education; yet, there is a shortage of studies able to offer practical advice for how these roles may be incorporated in future medical education. We anticipate that this study will help to identify volunteer structures that have been beneficial for students, so that similar infrastructures can be used in the future, and help inform medical education in a non-pandemic setting.

Trial registration

Not Applicable.
Lifelong learning and nurses’ continuing professional development, a metasynthesis of the literature
Authors: Mlambo Mandlenkosi , Silén Charlotte , McGrath Cormac
Published: April 2021

Background

Continuing professional development (CPD) is central to nurses’ lifelong learning and constitutes a vital aspect for keeping nurses’ knowledge and skills up-to-date. While we know about the need for nurses’ continuing professional development, less is known about how nurses experience and perceive continuing professional development. A metasynthesis of how nurses experience and view continuing professional development may provide a basis for planning future continuing professional development interventions more effectively and take advantage of examples from different contexts. The aim of this paper is to conduct such a metasynthesis, investigating the qualitative research on nurses’ experiences of continuing professional development.

Methods

A metasynthesis of the qualitative literature was conducted. A total of 25 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed.

Results

We determined five overarching themes, Organisational culture shapes the conditions, Supportive environment as a prerequisite, Attitudes and motivation reflect nurse’s professional values, Nurses’ perceptions of barriers and Perceived impact on practice as a core value. This metasynthesis highlights that nurses value continuing professional development and believe that it is fundamental to professionalism and lifelong learning. Moreover CPD is identified as important in improving patient care standards.

Conclusions

Based on the metasynthesis, we argue that access to continuing professional development could be made more attainable, realistic and relevant. Expediently, organizations should adequately fund and make continuing professional development accessible. In turn, nurses should continue to actively engage in continuing professional development to maintain high standards of nursing care through competent practice. This paper highlights the perceived benefits and challenges of continuing professional development that nurses face and offers advice and understanding in relation to continuing professional development. We believe that this metasynthesis contributes with insights and suggestions that would be valuable for nurses and policy makers and others who are involved in nurse education and continuing professional development.
The complexity of scaling up an mHealth intervention: the case of SMS for Life in Tanzania from a health systems integration perspective
Authors: Sant Fruchtman Carmen , Mbuyita Selemani , Mwanyika-Sando Mary , Braun Marcel , de Savigny Don , Cobos Muñoz Daniel
Published: April 2021

Background

SMS for Life was one of the earliest large-scale implementations of mHealth innovations worldwide. Its goal was to increase visibility to antimalarial stock-outs through the use of SMS technology. The objective of this case study was to show the multiple innovations that SMS for Life brought to the Tanzanian public health sector and to discuss the challenges of scaling up that led to its discontinuation from a health systems perspective.

Methods

A qualitative case-study approach was used. This included a literature review, a document review of 61 project documents, a timeline of key events and the collection and analysis of 28 interviews with key stakeholders involved in or affected by the SMS for Life programme. Data collection was informed by the health system building blocks. We then carried out a thematic analysis using the WHO mHealth Assessment and Planning for Scale (MAPS) Toolkit as a framework. This served to identify the key reasons for the discontinuation of the programme.

Results

SMS for Life was reliable at scale and raised awareness of stock-outs with real-time monitoring. However, it was discontinued in 2015 after 4 years of a national rollout. The main reasons identified for the discontinuation were the programme’s failure to adapt to the continuous changes in Tanzania’s health system, the focus on stock-outs rather than ensuring appropriate stock management, and that it was perceived as costly by policy-makers.

Despite its discontinuation, SMS for Life, together with co-existing technologies, triggered the development of the capacity to accommodate and integrate future technologies in the health system.

Conclusion

This study shows the importance of engaging appropriate stakeholders from the outset, understanding and designing system-responsive interventions appropriately when scaling up and ensuring value to a broad range of health system actors. These shortcomings are common among digital health solutions and need to be better addressed in future implementations.
Super fragmented: a nationally representative cross-sectional study exploring the fragmentation of inpatient care among super-utilizers
Authors: Kaltenborn Zach , Paul Koushik , Kirsch Jonathan D , Aylward Michael , Rogers Elizabeth A. , Rhodes Michael T. , Usher Michael G.
Published: April 2021

Background

Super-utilizers with 4 or more admissions per year frequently receive low-quality care and disproportionately contribute to healthcare costs. Inpatient care fragmentation (admission to multiple different hospitals) in this population has not been well described.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of super-utilizers who receive fragmented care across different hospitals and to describe associated risks, costs, and health outcomes.

Research design

We analyzed inpatient data from the Health Care Utilization Project’s State Inpatient and Emergency Department database from 6 states from 2013. After identifying hospital super-utilizers, we stratified by the number of different hospitals visited in a 1-year period. We determined how patient demographics, costs, and outcomes varied by degree of fragmentation. We then examined how fragmentation would influence a hospital’s ability to identify super-utilizers.

Subjects

Adult patients with 4 or more inpatient stays in 1 year.

Measures

Patient demographics, cost, 1-year hospital reported mortality, and probability that a single hospital could correctly identify a patient as a super-utilizer.

Results

Of the 167,515 hospital super-utilizers, 97,404 (58.1%) visited more than 1 hospital in a 1-year period. Fragmentation was more likely among younger, non-white, low-income, under-insured patients, in population-dense areas. Patients with fragmentation were more likely to be admitted for chronic disease management, psychiatric illness, and substance abuse. Inpatient fragmentation was associated with higher yearly costs and lower likelihood of being identified as a super-utilizer.

Conclusions

Inpatient care fragmentation is common among super-utilizers, disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. It is associated with high yearly costs and a decreased probability of correctly identifying super-utilizers.
Correction to: Trichuris trichiura isolated from Macaca sylvanus: morphological, biometrical, and molecular study
Authors: Rivero Julia , García-Sánchez Ángela María , Zurita Antonio , Cutillas Cristina , Callejón Rocío
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data
Authors: Llewelyn Victoria K. , Berger Lee , Glass Beverley D.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Comprehensive tumor molecular profile analysis in clinical practice
Authors: Özdoğan Mustafa , Papadopoulou Eirini , Tsoulos Nikolaos , Tsantikidi Aikaterini , Mariatou Vasiliki-Metaxa , Tsaousis Georgios , Kapeni Evgenia , Bourkoula Evgenia , Fotiou Dimitrios , Kapetsis Georgios , Boukovinas Ioannis , Touroutoglou Nikolaos , Fassas Athanasios , Adamidis Achilleas , Kosmidis Paraskevas , Trafalis Dimitrios , Galani Eleni , Lypas George , Orhan Bülent , Tansan Sualp , Özatlı Tahsin , Kırca Onder , Çakır Okan , Nasioulas George
Published: April 2021

Background

Tumor molecular profile analysis by Next Generation Sequencing technology is currently widely applied in clinical practice and has enabled the detection of predictive biomarkers of response to targeted treatment. In parallel with targeted therapies, immunotherapies are also evolving, revolutionizing cancer therapy, with Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), Microsatellite instability (MSI), and Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) analysis being the biomarkers employed most commonly.

Methods

In the present study, tumor molecular profile analysis was performed using a 161 gene NGS panel, containing the majority of clinically significant genes for cancer treatment selection. A variety of tumor types have been analyzed, including aggressive and hard to treat cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Besides, the clinical utility of immunotherapy biomarkers (TMB, MSI, PD-L1), was also studied.

Results

Molecular profile analysis was conducted in 610 cancer patients, while in 393 of them a at least one biomarker for immunotherapy response was requested. An actionable alteration was detected in 77.87% of the patients. 54.75% of them received information related to on-label or off-label treatment (Tiers 1A.1, 1A.2, 2B, and 2C.1) and 21.31% received a variant that could be used for clinical trial inclusion. The addition to immunotherapy biomarker to targeted biomarkers’ analysis in 191 cases increased the number of patients with an on-label treatment recommendation by 22.92%, while an option for on-label or off-label treatment was provided in 71.35% of the cases.

Conclusions

Tumor molecular profile analysis using NGS is a first-tier method for a variety of tumor types and provides important information for decision making in the treatment of cancer patients. Importantly, simultaneous analysis for targeted therapy and immunotherapy biomarkers could lead to better tumor characterization and offer actionable information in the majority of patients. Furthermore, our data suggest that one in two patients may be eligible for on-label ICI treatment based on biomarker analysis. However, appropriate interpretation of results from such analysis is essential for implementation in clinical practice and accurate refinement of treatment strategy.
Testing configurations of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) stations in Mali, West Africa, for improving the control of malaria parasite transmission by vector mosquitoes and minimizing their effect on non-target insects
Authors: Diarra Rabiatou A. , Traore Mohamed M. , Junnila Amy , Traore Sekou F. , Doumbia Seydou , Revay Edita E. , Kravchenko Vasiliy D. , Schlein Yosef , Arheart Kristopher L. , Gergely Petrányi , Hausmann Axel , Beck Robert , Xue Rui-De , Prozorov Alex M. , Kone Aboubakr S. , Majambere Silas , Vontas John , Beier John C. , Müller Günter C.
Published: April 2021

Background

Application methods of |Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) need to be improved for wide-scale use, and effects on non-target organisms (NTOs) must be assessed. The goals of this study were to determine, at the village level, the effect of different configurations of bait stations to (1) achieve < 25% Anopheles mosquito vector daily feeding rate for both males and females and (2) minimize the effect on non-target organisms.

Methods

Dye was added to Attractive Sugar Bait Stations (without toxin) to mark mosquitoes feeding on the baits, and CDC UV light traps were used to monitor for marked mosquitoes. An array of different traps were used to catch dye marked NTOs, indicating feeding on the ASB. Stations were hung on homes (1, 2, or 3 per home to optimize density) at different heights (1.0 m or 1.8 m above the ground). Eight villages were chosen as for the experiments.

Results

The use of one ASB station per house did not mark enough mosquitoes. Use of two and three stations per house gave feeding rates above the 25% goal. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of marked mosquitoes between two and three stations, however, the catches using two and three bait stations were both significantly higher than using one. There was no difference in An. gambiae s.l. feeding when stations were hung at 1.0 and 1.8 m. At 1.8 m stations sustained less accidental damage. ASB stations 1.8 m above ground were fed on by three of seven monitored insect orders. The monitored orders were: Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera and Orthoptera. Using one or two stations significantly reduced percentage of bait-fed NTOs compared to three stations which had the highest feeding rates. Percentages were as follows: 6.84 ± 2.03% Brachycera followed by wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) 5.32 ± 2.27%, and Rhopalocera 2.22 ± 1.79%. Hanging the optimal number of stations per house for catching mosquitoes (two) at 1.8 m above ground, limited the groups of non-targets to Brachycera, Chironomidae, Noctuoidea, Rhopalocera, parasitic wasps and wasps (Hymenoptera). Feeding at 1.8 m only occurred when stations were damaged.

Conclusions

The goal of marking quarter of the total Anopheles population per day was obtained using 2 bait stations at 1.8 m height above the ground. This configuration also had minimal effects on non-target insects.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-antibody (504B3) engagement detected by interferometry identifies off-target binding
Authors: Ray Manisha , Kihara Yasuyuki , Bornhop Darryl J. , Chun Jerold
Published: April 2021

Background

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that acts through its six cognate G protein-coupled receptors. As a family, lysophospholipids have already produced medicines (e.g., sphingosine 1-phosphate) as is being pursued for LPA through the use of specific antibodies that reduce ligand availability.

Methods

The binding properties of a commercially available, reportedly specific, monoclonal LPA antibody named 504B3 that is related to the clinical candidate Lpathomab/LT3015 were reexamined using a free solution assay (FSA) measured in a compensated interferometric reader (CIR).

Results

Measurement of 504B3 binding properties with an FSA-CIR approach revealed similar binding affinities for 504B3 against LPA as well as the non-LPA lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).

Conclusions

Antibody binding specificity and sensitivity, particularly involving lipid ligands, can be assessed in solution and without labels using FSA-CIR. These findings could affect interpretations of both current and past basic and clinical studies employing 504B3 and related anti-LPA antibodies.
Effect of endoscopic resection on short-term surgical outcomes of subsequent laparoscopic gastrectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Dong , Cheng Yu-Xi , Liao Gang
Published: April 2021

Background

Endoscopic resection (ER) might affect subsequent laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) because of the electrical coagulation, but the effect remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of ER on the short-term surgical outcomes of subsequent LG.

Materials and methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to find eligible studies published from inception to March 21, 2021. Short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group. The registration ID of this current meta-analysis on PROSPERO is CRD42021238031.

Results

Nine studies involving 3611 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The LG-only group had a higher T stage (T1-T2: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.09 to 5.34, P=0.03; T3-T4: OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.91, P=0.03) than the ER-LG group. The ER-LG group showed a shorter operation time than the LG-only group (MD=−5.98, 95% CI=−10.99 to −0.97, P=0.02). However, no difference was found in operation time after subgroup analysis of propensity score matching studies. No significant difference was found in intraoperative blood loss, time to first oral feeding, or postoperative hospital stay between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group. And no significance was found in overall complications (OR=1.16, 95% CI=0.89 to 1.50, P=0.27), complications of grade ≥ II (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.71 to 1.73, P=0.64), complications of grade ≥ III b (OR=1.47, 95% CI=0.49 to 4.43, P=0.49) between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group.

Conclusions

ER did not affect subsequent LG in terms of short-term outcomes, and the ER-LG group might have a shorter operation time than the LG-only group.
The study of screw placement parameters for Ogawa type I acromial fractures by 3D simulation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Zhongye , Li Weiyan , Yan Jun , Han Liren , Han Shizhang , Yang Xiaofei , Zhao Bei
Published: April 2021

Background

Acromial fractures are rare and there is no consensus on fixation, but an increasing number of studies have reported using two screws to fix Ogawa type I acromial fractures. The objective of this study was to obtain the ideal length, diameter, insertion point, and angle of the screw using a novel 3D simulation.

Methods

The scapular CT data of 100 individuals were obtained to reconstruct 3D models. The transparency of the 3D model was then downgraded along the axial perspective (the view perpendicular to the cross section of the acromion axis) to find the maximum translucent area. Two virtual screws were placed at the anterior edge of the acromion until they penetrated the posterior cortical bon. The largest diameters and lengths of the screw were measured, and the direction and insertion point of the screw were observed.

Results

The mean maximum lengths of the medial and lateral screws were 43.33 ± 6.17 mm and 39.23 ± 6.01 mm, respectively. The mean maximum diameters of the medial and lateral screws were 4.71 ± 1.23 mm and 4.97 ± 1.07 mm, respectively. Differences in screw length, diameter, and insertion point between males and females were found. The differences in screw angle between sexes were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Based on a 3D model test, we recommend the size, entry points, and angles of screws for Ogawa type I acromial fractures, providing valuable guidance for clinical work. More accurate screw parameters can be obtained preoperatively by establishing an individualized 3D model.
Correction to: Plaque associated microglia hyper-secrete extracellular vesicles and accelerate tau propagation in a humanized APP mouse model
Authors: Clayton Kevin , Delpech Jean Christophe , Herron Shawn , Iwahara Naotoshi , Ericsson Maria , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Ikezu Seiko , Ikezu Tsuneya
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: A case report of Phelan-McDermid syndrome: preliminary results of the treatment with growth hormone therapy
Authors: Xie Rui Jin , Li Tian Xiao , Sun Chenyu , Cheng Ce , Zhao Jinlin , Xu Hua , Liu Yueying
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Early detection of osteoarthritis in the rat with an antibody specific to type II collagen modified by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Gigout Anne , Harazin Donata , Topping Louise M. , Merciris Didier , Lindemann Sven , Brenneis Christian , Nissim Ahuva
Published: April 2021

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the whole joint, with articular cartilage breakdown as a major characteristic. Inflammatory mediators, proteases, and oxidants produced by chondrocytes are known to be responsible for driving cartilage degradation. Nevertheless, the early pathogenic events are still unclear. To investigate this, we employed an antibody that is specific to oxidative post-translationally modified collagen type II (anti-oxPTM-CII) to detect early cartilage pathogenic changes in two rat models of OA.

Methods

The animals underwent surgery for destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and were sacrificed after 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days. Alternatively, anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial meniscectomy (ACLT+pMx) was performed and animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. Joints were stained with toluidine blue and saffron du Gatinais for histological scoring, anti-oxPTM-CII, and anti-collagen type X antibodies (anti-CX).

Results

We observed positive oxPTM-CII staining as early as 1 or 3 days after ACLT+pMx or DMM surgeries, respectively, before overt cartilage lesions were visible. oxPTM-CII was located mostly in the deep zone of the medial tibial cartilage, in the pericellular and territorial matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and co-localized with CX staining. Staining was weak or absent for the lateral compartment or the contralateral knees except at later time points.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that oxidant production and chondrocyte hypertrophy occur very early in the onset of OA, possibly initiating the pathogenic events of OA. We propose to use anti-oxPTM-CII as an early biomarker for OA ahead of radiographic changes.
An association between visceral or subcutaneous fat accumulation and diabetes mellitus among Japanese subjects
Authors: Yokokawa Hirohide , Fukuda Hiroshi , Saita Mizue , Goto Kento , Kaku Tengen , Miyagami Taiju , Takahashi Yuichi , Hamada Chieko , Hisaoka Teruhiko , Naito Toshio
Published: April 2021

Background

The impact of subcutaneous fat accumulation remains controversial. This study assessed the association between visceral or subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA, respectively) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among Japanese subjects.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study involving 1907 eligible participants (men, 1050; women, 857) who participated in a voluntary health check-up conducted at Juntendo University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018, in Tokyo, Japan. Associations between VFA or SFA quartiles and DM were identified using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess appropriate cut-off values of VFA or SFA.

Results

Multivariate analyses showed that Q4 (≥ 125 cm2) of VFA was significantly positively associated with DM compared to Q1 (< 65 cm2) (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.02–3.71), whereas there was no association between SFA and DM in men. Among women, Q4 (≥ 85 cm2) of VFA was significantly positively associated with DM compared to Q1 (< 30 cm2) (Q4, AOR = 6.15, 95% CI 1.65–22.99). Also, Q3 and Q4 (≥ 135 cm2) of SFA were significantly positively associated with DM compared to Q1 (< 90 cm2) (Q3, AOR = 5.64, 95% CI 1.21–26.25; Q4, AOR = 7.81, 95% CI 1.71–35.65). The appropriate cut-off value of VFA in men was 101.5 cm2. Those of VFA and SFA in women were 72.5 cm2 and 165.3 cm2, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest the importance of considering SFA as well as VFA, especially in women, for primary and secondary prevention of DM.
Patterns of rapid weight loss in elite sambo athletes
Authors: Drid Patrik , Figlioli Flavia , Lakicevic Nemanja , Gentile Ambra , Stajer Valdemar , Raskovic Bojan , Vojvodic Nina , Roklicer Roberto , Trivic Tatjana , Tabakov Sergey , Eliseev Sergey , Bianco Antonino
Published: April 2021

Background

Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar among combat sports, but currently, there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly.

Methods

The sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and every participant was instructed how to fill it out.

Results

Almost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved.

Conclusions

Findings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.
Complex endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection and predicting left arm ischemia: a case report
Authors: Kim Kevin G , Grieff Anthony N , Rahimi Saum
Published: April 2021

Background

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the gold standard for surgical management of descending thoracic aortic pathology. Depending on the anatomy, TEVAR often requires deployment across the origin of the left subclavian artery (LSA) to obtain a proximal seal, thus potentially compromising perfusion to the left upper extremity (LUE). However, in most patients this is generally well tolerated without revascularization due to collateralization from the left vertebral artery (LVA).

Case presentation

We present a complex 59-year-old Caucasian patient case of TEVAR with a history of prior arch debranching and intraoperative LSA coverage requiring subsequent LSA embolization and emergency take-back for left carotid–subclavian bypass.

Conclusion

The purpose of this case report is to highlight an often overlooked anatomic LVA variant and an atypical, delayed presentation of acute LUE limb ischemia.
The preconditioning of lithium promotes mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for the degenerated intervertebral disc via upregulating cellular ROS
Authors: Zhu Zemin , Xing Hongyuan , Tang Ruofu , Qian Shengjun , He Shaoqi , Hu Qiang , Zhang Ning
Published: April 2021

Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is one of the most widely used candidate cell for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration-related disease. However, the poor survival and low differentiation efficacy in stressed host microenvironment limit the therapeutic effects of ADSC-based therapy. The preconditioning has been found effective to boost the proliferation and the functioning of stem cells in varying pathological condition. Lithium is a common anti-depression drug and has been proved effective to enhance stem cell functioning. In this study, the effects of preconditioning using LiCl on the cellular behavior of ADSC was investigated, and specially in a degenerative IVD-like condition.

Method

The cellular toxicity on rat ADSC was assessed by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production after treatment with a varying concentration of lithium chloride (LiCl). The proliferative capacity of ADSC was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and the relative cell number of ADSC. Then, the preconditioned ADSC was challenged by a degenerative IVD-like condition. And the cell viability as well as the nucleus pulpous (NP) cell differentiation efficacy of preconditioned ADSC was evaluated by detecting the major marker expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposit. The therapeutic effects of preconditioned ADSC were evaluated using an IVD degeneration rat model, and the NP morphology and ECM content were assessed.

Results

A concentration range of 1–10 mmol/L of LiCl was applied in the following study, since a higher concentration of LiCl causes a major cell death (about 40%). The relative cell number was similar between preconditioned groups and the control group after preconditioning. The Ki67 expression was elevated after preconditioning. Consistently, the preconditioned ADSC showed stronger proliferation capacity. Besides, the preconditioned groups exhibit higher expression of NP markers than the control group after NP cell induction. Moreover, the preconditioning of LiCl reduced the cell death and promoted ECM deposits, when challenged with a degenerative IVD-like culture. Mechanically, the preconditioning of LiCl induced an increased cellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) level and activation of ERK1/2, which was found closely related to the enhanced cell survival and ECM deposits after preconditioning. The treatment with preconditioned ADSC showed better therapeutic effects than control ADSC transplantation, with better NP preservation and ECM deposits.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the preconditioning with a medium level of LiCl boosts the cell proliferation and differentiation efficacy under a normal or hostile culture condition via the activation of cellular ROS/ERK axis. It is a promising pre-treatment of ADSC to promote the cell functioning and the following regenerative capacity, with superior therapeutic effects than untreated ADSC transplantation.
Cyclosporine A and IFNγ licencing enhances human mesenchymal stromal cell potency in a humanised mouse model of acute graft versus host disease
Authors: Corbett Jennifer M. , Hawthorne Ian , Dunbar Hazel , Coulter Ivan , Chonghaile Mairead Ni , Flynn Catherine M. , English Karen
Published: April 2021

Immunosuppressive ability in human MSC donors has been shown to be variable and may be a limiting factor in MSC therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The importance of cytokine activation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to facilitate their immunosuppressive function is well established. This study sought to further understand the interactions between MSCs and the commonly used calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA). The existing literature regarding approaches that use MSCs and cyclosporine are conflicting regarding the effect of CsA on MSC potency and function. Here, we clearly demonstrate that when added at the same time as MSCs, CsA negatively affects MSC suppression of T cell proliferation. However, licencing MSCs with IFNγ before addition of CsA protects MSCs from this negative effect. Notably, adding CsA to MSCs after IFNγ pre-stimulation enhances MSC production of IDO. Mechanistically, we identified that CsA reduces SOCS1 expression to facilitate enhanced IDO production in IFNγ pre-stimulated MSCs. Importantly, CsA exposure to IFNγ pre-stimulated MSC before administration, significantly enhanced the potency of MSCs in a human relevant humanised mouse model of acute Graft versus Host Disease. In summary, this study identified a novel licencing strategy to enhance MSC potency in vitro and in vivo.
Perioperative hemodynamic optimization: from guidelines to implementation—an experts’ opinion paper
Authors: Fellahi Jean-Luc , Futier Emmanuel , Vaisse Camille , Collange Olivier , Huet Olivier , Loriau Jerôme , Gayat Etienne , Tavernier Benoit , Biais Matthieu , Asehnoune Karim , Cholley Bernard , Longrois Dan
Published: April 2021

Despite a large body of evidence, the implementation of guidelines on hemodynamic optimization and goal-directed therapy remains limited in daily routine practice. To facilitate/accelerate this implementation, a panel of experts in the field proposes an approach based on six relevant questions/answers that are frequently mentioned by clinicians, using a critical appraisal of the literature and a modified Delphi process. The mean arterial pressure is a major determinant of organ perfusion, so that the authors unanimously recommend not to tolerate absolute values below 65 mmHg during surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative organ dysfunction. Despite well-identified limitations, the authors unanimously propose the use of dynamic indices to rationalize fluid therapy in a large number of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, pending the implementation of a “validity criteria checklist” before applying volume expansion. The authors recommend with a good agreement mini- or non-invasive stroke volume/cardiac output monitoring in moderate to high-risk surgical patients to optimize fluid therapy on an individual basis and avoid volume overload. The authors propose to use fluids and vasoconstrictors in combination to achieve optimal blood flow and maintain perfusion pressure above the thresholds considered at risk. Although purchase of disposable sensors and stand-alone monitors will result in additional costs, the authors unanimously acknowledge that there are data strongly suggesting this may be counterbalanced by a sustained reduction in postoperative morbidity and hospital lengths of stay. Beside existing guidelines, knowledge and explicit clinical reasoning tools followed by decision algorithms are mandatory to implement individualized hemodynamic optimization strategies and reduce postoperative morbidity and duration of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients.
Correction to: How effective are strategies to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment? A systematic review
Authors: Goulas Anaïs , Belhadi Drifa , Descamps Alexandre , Andremont Antoine , Benoit Pierre , Courtois Sophie , Dagot Christophe , Grall Nathalie , Makowski David , Nazaret Sylvie , Nélieu Sylvie , Patureau Dominique , Petit Fabienne , Roose‑Amsaleg Céline , Vittecoq Marion , Livoreil Barbara , Laouénan Cédric
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Determination of SLR station coordinates based on LEO, LARES, LAGEOS, and Galileo satellites
Authors: Strugarek Dariusz , Sośnica Krzysztof , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian , Zajdel Radosław , Bury Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

The number of satellites equipped with retroreflectors dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) increases simultaneously with the development and invention of the spherical geodetic satellites, low Earth orbiters (LEOs), Galileo and other components of the Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS). SLR and GNSS techniques onboard LEO and GNSS satellites create the possibility of widening the use of SLR observations for deriving SLR station coordinates, which up to now have been typically based on spherical geodetic satellites. We determine SLR station coordinates based on integrated SLR observations to LEOs, spherical geodetic, and GNSS satellites orbiting the Earth at different altitudes, from 330 to 26,210 km. The combination of eight LEOs, LAGEOS-1/2, LARES, and 13 Galileo satellites increased the number of 7-day SLR solutions from 10–20% to even 50%. We discuss the issues of handling of range biases in multi-satellite combinations and the proper solution constraining and weighting. Weighted combination is characterized by a reduction of formal error medians of estimated station coordinates up to 50%, and the reduction of station coordinate residuals. The combination of all satellites with optimum weighting increases the consistency of station coordinates in terms of interquartile ranges by 10% of horizontal components for non-core stations w.r.t LAGEOS-only solutions.
The microbiome’s relationship with congenital heart disease: more than a gut feeling
Authors: Feng Dan , Christensen Jason T. , Yetman Anji T. , Lindsey Merry L. , Singh Amar B. , Salomon Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2021

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developing intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction due to abnormal gut perfusion or hypoxemia in the context of low cardiac output or cyanosis. Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation thereby worsening clinical outcomes in this patient population. Despite significant advances in the management and survival of patients with CHD, morbidity remains significant and questions have arisen as to the role of the microbiome in the inflammatory process. Intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction experienced in this patient population are increasingly implicated in critical illness. This review highlights possible CHD-microbiome interactions, illustrates underlying signaling mechanisms, and discusses future directions and therapeutic translation of the basic research.
Correction to: Chest x-ray severity score in COVID-19 patients on emergency department admission: a two-centre study
Authors: Monaco Cristian Giuseppe , Zaottini Federico , Schiaffino Simone , Villa Alessandro , Pepa Gianmarco Della , Carbonaro Luca Alessandro , Menicagli Laura , Cozzi Andrea , Carriero Serena , Arpaia Francesco , Di Leo Giovanni , Astengo Davide , Rosenberg Ilan , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Measuring school children’s attitudes toward immigrants in Switzerland and Poland
Authors: Becker Charlotte Clara , Davidov Eldad , Cieciuch Jan , Algesheimer René , Kindschi Martin
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Εθνικός συνταγματισμός και ευρωπαϊκή συνταγματοποίηση στο ευρωπαϊκό δίκαιο
Authors: Μπρακατσούλας Αναστάσιος
Published: April 2021

Η διατριβή εξετάζει μέσα από το πρίσμα του συνταγματικού δικαίου τη σχέση και διάδραση του κράτους και της ΕΕ με αρωγό τις θεμελιώδεις έννοιες του εθνικού συνταγματισμού και της ευρωπαϊκής συνταγματοποίησης. Οι παραπάνω έννοιες διαμερίζονται, με ορισμούς εργασίας, σε επιμέρους έννοιες και αρχές: κυριαρχία, δημοκρατική αρχή και προστασία των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων για τον εθνικό συνταγματισμό και αντίστοιχα η προώθηση της ενιαίας αγοράς, η δικαιογένεια του ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου και οι αρχές της υπεροχής και του άμεσου αποτελέσματος για την ευρωπαϊκή συνταγματοποίηση. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη, όπου στο μεν πρώτο ο εθνικός συνταγματισμός αποτελεί τον πυρήνα-πρότυπο γύρω από τον οποίο περιστρέφεται η ευρωπαϊκή συνταγματοποίηση, ενώ αντιστρόφως στο δεύτερο μέρος η ευρωπαϊκή συνταγματοποίηση τοποθετείται στον πυρήνα γύρω από τον οποίο περιστρέφεται ο εθνικός συνταγματισμός. Η παραπάνω σχηματοποίηση αναδεικνύει ταυτόχρονα την επέμβαση του εθνικούσυνταγματισμού επί του ευρωπαϊκού φαινομένου, την απομάκρυνση της ΕΕ από το πρότυπο του εθνικού συνταγματισμού (πρώτο μέρος), αλλά και τη φθορά που επιφέρει η παραπάνω απομάκρυνση στον εθνικό συνταγματισμό, όπως επίσης και τη διάπλαση του εξαιτίας της αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ κράτους και ΕΕ (δεύτερο μέρος).