bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergism and Antagonism of GA and Growth Inhibitors on Growth and Sex Expression in Cucumber1
Authors: Rodriquez B. P. , Lambeth V. N.
Published: August 2022

The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), 1,2-dihydropyradizine 3,6-dione (maleic hydrazide), succinic acid-2,2-dim ethylhydrazide (SADH), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and their combinations on the growth and sex expression of the monoecious cucumber ‘SMR-58’ were studied. Maleic hydrazide (MH), SADH, and ethephon inhibited growth and induced femaleness when applied to foliage at concn of 500 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 100 ppm, respectively. Foliar sprays of 1500 ppm GA3 stimulated growth and increased maleness. The effect of GA was generally enhanced in combination with either MH, SADH, or ethephon. Combination of SADH and ethephon resulted in plants that were as short as those treated with SADH alone and as female as those treated w ith ethephon alone. Ethephon-SADH combination reduced plant size to the same extent as SADH alone and coned maturity.
Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach Grown Under Different Light Intensities1,2
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

‘Winter Bloomsdale’ spinach plants were grown in a growth chamber with a light intensity of 2400 ft-c until 2 weeks before harvest when light intensity treatments of 600, 1600, 2400, and 3500 ft-c were imposed. The total N and NO3 concn of the leaves were increased by the addition of N to the soil and by reduction of light intensity. At 600 ft-c the plants accumulated NO3-N and total N at all soil N levels, but response to soil increments of N was greater at higher light intensities. The concn of K in the tissue increased with a reduction in the light intensity from 2400 to 600 ft-c or application of N fertilizer to 200 mg/kg of soil. Less P was found in spinach leaves as N fertilizer was added to 100 mg/kg of soil. The P content was variable with light intensity.
Palatability and Nutritive Value of Fresh, Canned, and Frozen Collard Greens1
Authors: Smith Jean W. , Kramer Amihud
Published: August 2022

Nutritive value present in raw greens may be drastically reduced by methods of preparation, or fresh greens may not be utilized because of the time and labor required in their preparation by working mothers. Collard greens as prepared in the ghetto home require many hr of cooking which destroys all but 8 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. Seasoned, canned, collard greens are equally acceptable but retain only slightly more of the ascorbic acid. Pre-cooked, pre-seasoned, and frozen greens retain approximately 20 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. If produced on a commercial scale, the prepared frozen product could be purchased at a cost lower than raw collard greens at the retail urban market.
Growth and Flowering Responses of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Ace’ to Different Day lengths1
Authors: Weiler T. C. , Langhans R. W.
Published: August 2022

As the length of day was increased, the amount of cold required for flowering of ‘Ace’ plants decreased. However, even with 24 hr of light, some cold treatment was needed for flowering.
Vermiculite and Activated Carbon Adsorbents Protect Direct-Seeded Tomatoes from Partially Selective Herbicides1
Authors: William R. D. , Romanowski R. R.
Published: August 2022

Nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylanaline] severely injured direct seeded tomatoes that were covered with soil or expanded vermiculite in the greenhouse and field. Powdered activated carbon increased the adsorptive capacity of a vermiculite anticrustant mixture and protected tomato and weed seedlings. A dequate seedling protection was obtained by spraying a 2-inch wide band of activated carbon over seedling furrows filled with vermiculite. Mechanical application of an activated carbon vermiculite mixture in 1-inch circular clumps protected tomato seedlings and protected fewer weeds than the 2-inch spray band. Granular carbons reduced soil crusting and protected seedlings from preemergence herbicides.
Effects of Defoliation and Bud-Scale Removal on Bud Activity in Tung1
Authors: Spiers J. M.
Published: August 2022

The effects of late-season defoliation and bud-scale removal on bud activity in tung (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) were tested through field treatment applications and laboratory forcing conditions. Data indicate natural bud dormancy is influenced by an inhibitor(s) located in the bud scales. Scale removal greatly reduced vegetative and floral dormancy in the early collection periods. This effect decreased with time, completely disappearing 2 months after treatment application. Late-season defoliation had little effect on bud break except to delay flowering on terminals harvested in January and February.
Estimates of Quantitative Genetic Properties of Walnut and Their Implications for Cultivar Improvement1
Authors: Hansche P. E. , Beres V. , Forde H. I.
Published: August 2022

Heritabilities and phenotypic correlations among 18 traits of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were estimated from measurements obtained over 14 years from approx 200 families including a total of more than 2,000 offspring. Prior to this analysis the data were statistically adjusted to mitigate the seriously confounding effects of fluctuating annual climate on estimates of genotypic value. The heritabilities were then estimated by regressing the average performance of each seedling, during its 1st 2 years of production, on its mid-parent performance. Heritabilities are above 80 for leafing date, 1st shedding of pollen, receptive date of pistils, harvest date, shell thickness, all nut and kernel measurements and wt. They are above .39 for last shedding of pollen, fruitfulness of laterals, shell seal, number of light colored kernels, kernel veins, and kernel spots, and approx zero for crop and number of good kernels. The precision of these estimates is very high. Thus they should be reliable predictors of rate of genetic gain attainable in such populations when seedlings are selected as parents on the basis of their own performance. The implication of these genetic relationships on the effectiveness and efficiency of breeding methods and selection procedures in walnut are discussed.
Effects of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid on Rhizome and Tuber Formation in the Potato, Solanum tuberosum L.1
Authors: Langille Alan R.
Published: August 2022

Although ethephon did not influence number of primary rhizomes on potato cv. Katahdin in growth chambers, the 500 and 1000 ppm treatments significantly increased the number of secondary rhizomes. Length of primary rhizomes was increased by the 50 ppm treatment. Number of primary tubers per plant decreased with increasing ethephon concn. Total tuber wt per plant was significantly reduced by all ethephon treatments, except 10 ppm which did not differ from controls.
Factors Controlling the Readiness to Flower of Buds Along the Main Axis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)1
Authors: Rylski Irena , Halevy A. H.
Published: August 2022

By various pinching, pruning and grafting experiments and by growing explant buds in nutrient culture, it was demonstrated that buds of varying nodes on the main stem of pepper plants differ in their readiness to flower. The upper ones, in proximity to the 1st branch-off, regardless of whether the 1st flower has actually appeared or is only about to do so, are close to flowering; whereas, the lower ones, situated farther from the first flower, are late to flower. The lowest buds are also the most juvenile and root easily. The state of juvenility decreases gradually towards the apex.
Respiration of Whole Fruit and Seed of Avocado at Various Stages of Development1
Authors: Zauberman G. , Schiffmann-Nadel Mina
Published: August 2022

‘Fuerte’ avocado fruits at all development stages show a similar climacteric pattern; however, with development, the postharvest pre-climacteric becomes progressively shorter. The respiration rate of seeds is higher in young than in mature fruits when determined separately from that of the whole fruit. It is concluded that the contribution of seed respiration to whole fruit respiration decreases with development over the growth season.
Influence of Gibberellins A3 and A4+7 on Development of Forced Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. , Blakely N.
Published: August 2022

Potted ‘Ace’ lily bulbs were treated with 1000 ppm of either gibberellin A3 (GA3) or gibberellins A4+7(GA4+7) as a soil drench using 200 ml per pot on January 6, 1971. GA treatments had no effect on the time of floral initiation, however, GA3 decreased the days to flowering when compared to either GA4+7 or water controls. GA4+7 and GA3 reduced the number of primary flowers initiated. and completely inhibited the initiation of secondary flowers. GA4+7 increased the number of primary flowers which aborted shortly after initiation and GA3 did not. Both GAs increased plant height; GA4+7 had the greater effect. GA4+7 significantly reduced the length of the lower leaves, but none of the treatments affected the number of leaves produced.
High Intensity Supplementary Lighting Increases Yields of Greenhouse Roses1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Anderson G. A.
Published: August 2022

Flower yields from October to May increased with the duration of supplementary lighting. Lighting improved flower yields by increasing bottom breaks, stimulating axillary shoot development after flower removal, and slightly reducing the days from cut-to-cut. Development of additional axillary buds was the principal factor in the improved branching of lighted plants. Excessive plant branching from supplementary lighting during a 7-month flowering period reduced significantly flower stem length, node number, and fresh wt of cvs. Shocking Pink and Red American Beauty. The 6.2 w/ft2 of incandescent light after the high intensity lighting period improved the flower quality of ‘Forever Yours’ but not of ‘Red American Beauty’. Plants lighted 9, 12, or 21 hr daily had fewer blind stems than unlighted plants.
Relationship between Carbohydrate Level and Floral Initiation in Broccoli1
Authors: Fontes M. R. , Ozbun J. L.
Published: August 2022

Floral induction of broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) ‘Waltham 29’ at low temp (5°C) was associated with increasing levels of starch and sugar in the shoot tip. This same relationship was found in experiments concerning plant age, duration of cold treatment, leaf removal before and during cold treatment, and treatment with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) or gibberellic acid (GA3).

Greenhouse experiments with plants grown continuously at 16-21°C or 21-27°C indicated that high carbohydrate levels are not necessarily associated with flowering. Flowering was delayed at the higher temp with little difference in carbohydrate level.
The Effect of Growth Regulators on Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Carlson W. H.
Published: August 2022

Spraying chrysanthemums at pinching with N6 benzyladenine (BA) 400 ppm and 6-benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) 200 ppm significantly increased branching, while other chemicals and lower BA concn less consistently stimulated larger numbers of branches than untreated plants. The chemicals inhibited stem elongation, but only BA caused a significantly shorter stem. Ethephon delayed flowering 10 or more days for all cultivars, and BA (400 ppm) spray of stock plants prevented or delayed rooting of cuttings taken 0 to 4 weeks after treatment. Sprays of BA, PBA and ethephon applied at pinching improved branching more than treatment 2 weeks before or 2 weeks after pinching.
Phytotoxicity of Soil-Incorporated 2,6-Dichloro-Benzonitrile to Clonal Apple Rootstocks1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Damon R. A. , Robinson D. E.
Published: August 2022

Shoot growth and fresh wt of greenhouse-grown EM VII clonal apple rootstocks in 1970 were reduced by 1.5 ppm soil-incorporated dichlobenil. Concentrations of 6.0 ppm and higher prevented growth.

No leaf margin yellowing (LMY) was observed in 1970, but in 1971 it occurred following placement of 3 clonal rootstocks outdoors. EM VII produced the most shoot growth and EM IX the least. EM IX produced the least fresh wt increase, while those of EM VII and MM 106 were equivalent. EM VII had more LMY than the other 2 rootstocks.

The responses of the 3 rootstocks to several concn of dichlobenil were similar. Dichlobenil concn of 0.2 and 0.4 ppm increased fresh wt, largely due to stimulation of root growth. Concentrations of 0.8 ppm and more of dichlobenil suppressed growth.
Effects of Water Stress, Cane Size, and Growth Regulators on Floral Primordia Development in Red Raspberries1
Authors: Crandall P. C. , Chamberlain J. D.
Published: August 2022

Factors that are usually associated with the slowing of primocane growth during late summer hastened the appearance of floral primordia in red raspberry axillary buds. Of the factors tested, water stress was most effective in advancing floral primordia appearance. Small diam canes had buds more advanced than thick canes. July applications of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhy dr azide (SADH) at 2000 and 4000 ppm and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 ppm increased the number of blossom primordia present during early October. Growth regulators had no significant effect on yields.
Speech Acts of Requests: A Case of Indonesian EFL Learners
Authors: Nugroho Arif , Rekha Agnira
Published: August 2022

This study sheds light on the delineation of the most frequently used request strategies as realized by Indonesian EFL learners and their reasons of utilizing such strategies. A descriptive qualitative study was employed by involving forty (40) English learners of a university at Surakarta as the participants. The data were gathered by means of DCT-questionnaire, Role-plays, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The obtained data were descriptively analyzed by referring to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP) followed by transcribing the result of FGD. The findings illustrated that Indonesian EFL learners made use of conventionally indirect request more frequently than other strategies. Furthermore, the FGD revealed that their reasons of employing conventionally indirect strategy were because of the cultural factors and the social distance between the interlocutors. As an effort to equip EFL learners with adequate pragmatic competence, this study offers some input enhancement both in terms of process (teaching activities) and in terms of product (realizing speech act of requests) for ELT practices in Indonesian context.
English Language Education Students Perceptions of Self Efficacy in Public Speaking Class
Authors: Wijaya Kristian Florensio , Mbato Concilianus Laos
Published: August 2022

Self-efficacy is one of the most pivotal springboards determining EFL learners’ success in acquiring the target language in the communicative classroom contexts. Therefore, well-planned learning strategies and enjoyable learning environments should be provided continuously in order to breed proficient communicators in the target language. To do so, English language teachers need to shift their roles from instructors as facilitators facilitators to nurture EFL learners’ self-efficacy development continuously. This study aimed to investigate the students’ perceived self-efficacy in public speaking class. One research problem was proposed in this study namely, what are the significant factors that can heighten learners’ self-efficacy in public speaking class? This study employed a qualitative method utilizing three research instruments i.e., classroom survey, students’ speaking learning reflections, and interview to collect data from public speaking class of the English Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Qualitative content analysis was employed to draw meanings out of the data gathered. Findings from this study revealed that EFL learners will be able to be proficient target language communicators when they believe in their speaking competencies and obtain meaningful feedback from the teachers.
Interpersonal Function in Course Webtoon Comic: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Analysis
Authors: Anshari Rudi , Hanifa Dina , Miransyah Indri Octa , Sennya Nurditasari Sennya x
Published: August 2022

The purposes of this research are to analyze the webtoon with interpersonal functions in the term of mood and residue in Webtoon Comic that can be found by the writers, and the most dominant Mood type in a webtoon entitled "True Beauty" written by Lee Si-eun which the genre is drama. In this analysis applied Martin, Matthiessen & Painter Theory, 1997 that divided Mood Types are Declarative, Interrogative, and Imperative and Geoff Thompson Theory to analyze the Mood and Residue. In this research, the researcher used the documentation and analysis method. The writers used the documentation method to get the data and then do the analysis. Analysis of data that has been done from 49 Mood was found there are 33 Mood are Declarative, 10 Mood of Interrogative, and 6 Mood are Imperative. From the result of the data, it can be concluded that the most dominant Mood Type in the Webtoon Comic entitled "True Beauty" which was written by Lee Si-eun which the genre is drama is Declarative with 33 Mood in total 49 Mood.
The Application of Scanning Strategy in Teaching Students’ Reading Comprehension of Narrative Text
Authors: Komara Cahya , Dewi Sarah Marianda
Published: August 2022

This research investigates the application of scanning strategy in teaching ninth-grade EFL students’ reading comprehension of narrative text. The aim is to know whether the use of scanning strategy gives tremendous effect to the ninth-grade students’ reading comprehension of narrative text or not. The researchers proposed scanning because it is potential and powerful strategy to lift students’ better narrative text reading understanding. To prove that, the quantitative method is used in this study by conducting quasi-experimental design which involved two classes of ninth-grade students at one private secondary school in Bekasi. The experimented class was around 34 students as well as the controlled class which was around 34 students. The researchers used pre-test and post-test reading narrative text instruments within 20 questions that were asked by the WH-question pattern to collect the data. After the data have been collected, the researchers fulfilled the standard pre-requisite analysis of Normality and Homogeneity before the hypothesis statistic test. At the end, the hypothesis statistic findings showed that tobserved was known by score 6.905 while ttable was obtained 1.996 in the level of 5% significance. Because of tobserved was higher than ttable, itcan be concluded that the application of scanning strategy is effective in teaching the ninth-grade students’ reading comprehension of narrative text at one private secondary school in Bekasi.
Coronavirus in News Text: Critical Discourse Analysis Detik.Com News Portal
Authors: Ismiyati Ida , Nurlatifasari Rida , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: August 2022

At this time the whole world is being attacked by a virus called the Corona Virus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a type of virus that attacks the human respiratory system. This disease due to viral infection is called COVID-19. COVID-19 is a polemic that causes concern for the community due to its rapid spread and even causes many deaths, including in Indonesia. The condition of this social situation makes a lot of news done, one of which is related to prevention with social distancing published by Detikcom. This study aims to conduct a critical analysis of articles about COVID-19 on Detikcom. This research uses a descriptive method. The object of the research is an article entitled "Tentang Social Distance, Cara Pemerintah Cegah Penyebaran Virus Corona" released on Monday, March 16, 2020, by Detikcom. Data analysis was performed using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. The results show that the text in the discourse has been selected using the appropriate words to represent the expectations of a social distancing policy and is also able to represent the social conditions of the panicked community with the outbreak of COVID-19. The discourse in the text has also been able to provide feedback in the form of the social conditions of the community which can be a little calm with the existence of the policies that have been released as well as the direct role of the government and the credibility of Detikcom. The ideology is related to influencing society in implementing social distancing for the success of Government programs. Thus, this research will foster public confidence in dealing with this coronavirus and influence to implement social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Phonological Study of Onomatopoeia in Children’s Song
Authors: Laili Nuri Ma'rifatil , Putri Fauzana
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to observe the phonological features of onomatopoeia in children’s songs which contribute to foreign language acquisition. The study is a descriptive qualitative involving 24 full-time mothers who introduce English to their toddlers through various English songs. Data were collected through digital questionnaires followed up by semi-structured interviews to clarify what the parents had answered in the digital questionnaire. The study reveals numerous onomatopoeic words that acquired by the toddlers because of some factors, 1) the similarities of phonological features between English and Indonesian onomatopoeic words, and 2) the large quantities of language input in their listening habit.
Phonological Acquisition of a Deaf Adolescent: A Case Study of 23 Year Old-Indonesian Man
Authors: Miransyah Indri Octa , Hanifa Dina , Tambunan Anna Riana Suryanti , Lubis Fauziah Khairani
Published: August 2022

This study is designed to find out how Indonesian phonemes are performed and changed in the form of words and sentences spoken by deaf young people 23 years old. This investigation employs a methodology for case studies. The aim of the research is to realize improvements in the accompanying phonemes and phonemes that are difficult for deaf teenagers to pronounce in Indonesian phrases. A 23-year-old deaf individual was the data source (informant). Data provision through the observation and listening methods require skill, recording and note making. The data were analyzed using the approach and the methodology of comparing links. The results have revealed that inhibited consonant, shift consonant, vibrating consonant experienced inconsistent phoneme changes. This means that phonology acquisition in the deaf depends on the accompanying phoneme.
Choosing and Using Learning Media during Remote Teaching: Teachers’ Thought
Authors: Lusiyani Ria , Anindya Widya Dara
Published: August 2022

Covid-19 outbreak enforced teachers and students to adapt to the situation by doing online learning which automatically involves some online learning applications and platforms. These programs allow teachers and students to conduct the teaching and learning activities even though they are currently in different places. Therefore, choosing and using appropriate and relevant learning applications and platforms could support the online teaching and learning process to take place. This research attempts to investigate platforms and applications used by EFL teachers in Surabaya during the remote teaching. Also, factors interfering the use particular applications and platforms were studied to see teachers’ considerations in preparing online teaching platforms and applications. There are 31 EFL teachers in Surabaya who teach senior high school students participating in this research. A questionnaire and a follow-up interview were employed to obtain research data. The result revealed that there are four categories of online learning applications found in this research, including Learning Management System, Content maker, Video Conference as well as chat and messages applications. Meanwhile, four factors interfering teachers to choose and use the platform and applications were revealed: application features, school’s policy, teachers’ familiarity, and financial consideration.
Rhetorical Structures of Introductions in Soft and Hard Science International Journals Written by Indonesian Scholars
Authors: Luthfianda Sahira Nurul , Kurniawan Eri , Gunawan Wawan
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the similarities and disparities of the rhetorical organizations of introduction sections in soft and hard science international journals written by Indonesian scholars and of the linguistic features employed to signal the moves. A corpus of ten introductions in the field of soft and hard science (five introductions each) was analyzed based on Swales' (2004) Create A Research Space (CARS) model. Findings were obtained through analyzing the moves and steps, as well as the linguistic realizations of the introductions. The analysis reveals that while Step 1 of Move 3 was an obligatory step, Step 1B of Move 2 and Step 2 of Move 3 were absent in both corpora. In addition, Step 1 of Move 2 was obligatory in soft science but was conventional in soft science corpus. Regarding linguistic features, the results show the influence of the different disciplines on the manifestation of metadiscoursal units (hedges and boosters) to enact the moves across the corpora, whereas no significant discrepancy was identified in the use of verb tense and sentence voice. The findings provide a better understanding of the rhetorical structure of research article introductions for and has pedagogical implications for the writing courses of Indonesian novice scholars.
Exploring Indonesian EFL Learners’ Perception of English Learning Grammar
Authors: Komara Cahya , Tiarsiwi Fidaniar
Published: August 2022

This study presents Indonesia English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ perception of English learning grammar in response of ‘stigma’ appeared among learners where grammar is considered as a difficult but crucial sub-skill to master. The goals of this research are specifically to figure out whether and how grammar is seen as its disreputable status as well as to explore their competence or motivation, what obstacles that learners experience while studying it, and which learning models that learners prefer to apply in their grammar learning. To achieve that aims, this study involves 500 respondents from three different levels of education; lower secondary school learners, upper secondary school learners, and university learners across country using online closes-ended and open-ended questionnaires. The data then was analyzed on the corridor of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The result of this study showed that Indonesia EFL learners truly viewed grammar as difficult but essential to learn and master. Learners had also stated that teachers’ factors and English school textbook became dominant obstacle in comprehending grammar. Last, learners were likely to choose variative models of learning, particularly technology in learning grammar. 
EFL Teachers’ Considerations in Developing Online Teaching Materials
Authors: Noviarani Ivani , Suherdi Didi , Kurniawan Eri
Published: August 2022

The sudden necessity of studying from home forced teachers to immediately readjust their teaching materials into the online teaching materials form. However, online tools for language teaching that can be used by teachers as sources and learning media in their teaching materials vary widely. Therefore, the present study purposed at understanding experienced English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ considerations in developing online teaching materials amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected through qualitative case study research design. The data gathered through document analysis and interview. The data analyzed by the form proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994). The result of the study reveals that there are 3 out of 8 principles of teaching materials that teachers take into account; giving the students fresh input, facilitating students learning style and attitudes, and contain audio-visual media. There is also found 2 others principle that does not really considered as a matter in developing online teaching materials; achieve impact by requiring and facilitating learner self-investment and provide opportunities to give feedback.
During and After Study Abroad Period: Perception and Attitudes on English Development and Maintenance
Authors: Rahayu Dwi
Published: August 2022

This study examines the development and maintenance of English skills from the perspective of higher education alumni during and after studying abroad. The researcher consider attitudes, more specifically how, what, and to what extent attitudes could encourage development and maintenance in the context of study abroad from the 120 respondents’ perspective. This study deploys quantitative data collection in form of a survey with both multiple choice items and open-ended questions. The numeric items were analyzed with tabulation and the open-ended questions responses were analyzed with the stages of Thematic Analysis. Foremost, the findings reveal that the respondents perceive oral production and fluency as the major skills that improved during the study abroad period, followed by an increase in vocabulary knowledge and listening skills. Most respondents regarded the improvement as an influence of high exposure to spoken English. Secondly, the majority of respondents conceive that their English keeps improving after the study abroad period. The most frequent reasons for using English are social life and entertainment purposes, which are mostly individual preferences, followed by academic purposes such as joining a course or working on journal articles. Work purpose, surprisingly, is not the main reason of using English after study abroad period. The conclusion is that study abroad benefits the respondents in developing their English and that attitude on affective domain (how we perceive a language) and conative (behaviour toward a language) help to maintain the cognitive domain (knowledge on a language) and its maintenance.
“If Not Us, Who?”: Preserving Javanese Language Through Code Switching Practice in Yowis Ben Movie
Authors: Pangestu Reva Caesar Margi , Sudarwati Emy
Published: August 2022

The occurrence of Code switching phenomenon is relatively normal in bilingual and multilingual society. However, despite a large body of research on code switching, little attention has been given to code switching phenomenon in relation to language maintenance issue. This study investigates the types of code switching that are used by main characters in Yowis Ben The Series Episode 6; the main characters’ reasons to use code switching in Yowis Ben The Series Episode 6; and the investigation concerning Javanese language maintenance indication depicted in the movie. This descriptive qualitative study probes into the ways in which Javanese language as a vernacular language is used along with the standard Bahasa Indonesia in a movie.In addition to examining the types of code switching, this study also tries to go further within the issue of Javanese language maintenance the movie wants to convey. The results showed that there are a total of 20 data indicating three types of code switching in Yowis Ben The Series Episode 6: Intra-sentential switching (11), inter-sentential switching (8), and tag switching (once).The reasons of using code switching are to expresscertain feelings and attitudes, to talk about a specific topic, to express solidarity between people from different or the same ethnic groups, and to attract attention and persuade audiences.
Urban and Rural Area Graduate Students’ Perceptions toward Synchronous English Learning amidst Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Septianingsih Puteri Anugrah , Erliza Setia
Published: August 2022

Teachers and students are forced to change the learning system from face-to-face into virtual learning through synchronous and asynchronous. This transformation perhaps raises various perceptions both urban and rural area students since they have sundry backgrounds and conditions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the EFL urban and rural area graduate students’ perceptions towards synchronous learning amidst covid-19 pandemic. The respondents of this study were 30 EFL graduate students at English Department in State University of Malang, including 17 urban area students and 13 rural area students who were from 1st semester and 3rd semester. This study was conducted by using survey research design. Furthermore, the data of this study were collected by distributing questionnaire in the form of Google Forms with the combination of close and open ended questions. The findings were urban and rural area students had no significantly different perceptions towards synchronous learning. There were only some different perceptions in terms of learning motivation, learning style, and suitability of the course goal. In addition, the urban and rural area students perceive positive responses to synchronous learning, then synchronous learning can be classified as the effective online learning during this pandemic. However, their common problem was from the slow-speed internet connection. Thus, they feel that synchronous learning is not as effective as face to face learning.
“The Absence of Student-Teacher Emotional Closeness", Rural and Urban English Teachers’ Voices during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Taufik Moh. , Effendy Muhammad Burhanuddin
Published: August 2022

The Corona Virus 19 (COVID-19) outbreak has made learning and teaching shifted to online. Some distinct modifications on teaching and learning need to be conducted, especially between those teaching English in rural and urban areas. This study is objected to eliciting teachers’ attitudes towards online learning of those teaching in rural and urban areas in the EFL context. A survey research design was employed to reach the objective with semi-interview and online questionnaires to collect data, distributed to the research subjects of 44 English teachers of secondary schools in rural and urban areas. The questionnaire was analyzed by finding the mean score of each item to determine tendencies, while the interview was analyzed by grouping the ideas into meaningful categories and was narratively described. The results showed significant differences in teachers' perception of teaching online in rural and urban areas, such as motivation, classroom management, technical support, and school and parents' support. It is then suggested that teaching online in rural and urban areas needs to be treated differently, a consideration for English teachers and the Ministry of Education to keep having ideal online learning and teaching.
Indonesian EFL Undergraduate Students' Interest Towards Metacognitive Strategy in Reading Academic Comprehension
Authors: Sinom Patrick Adtya Pratama , Kuswandono Paulus
Published: August 2022

Academic reading comprehension is affected by many factors. This research was focused on understanding academic reading comprehension from the perspectives of interest and metacognitive strategy. This research aimed to find a correlation between students’ interests and metacognitive strategy (before and during reading academic comprehension). The research was conducted at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. There were 27 students who participated in this research. The survey design using a correlational study was applied to analyze the data from the survey-open and close-ended questionnaires. Pearson coefficient correlation was used in exposing the correctional status. The result of the current study showed that there is a positive moderate correlation between students’ interest and metacognitive strategy in reading academic comprehension. Supported by an open-ended data interpretation, this research found that both interest and metacognitive strategy are correlated especially in terms of self-motivation and self-regulation, mood, and strategy employment in reading academic comprehension. This research would have a great theoretical and practical contribution to the English language department, especially for teachers and students in terms of reading academic comprehension. 
A Discourse Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion in News Item Text of "Symphony 3" XII Grade English Textbook
Authors: Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin , Husna Nida , Alek Alek
Published: August 2022

This study aims to (1) determine the kind of grammatical cohesion devices that were used in a news item text of a textbook (2) to examine how reference, substitution, ellipses, and conjunction were used to describe the Cohesion that was used in the news item text of an English textbook for senior high school students in the 12th grade "Symphony 3". This study is qualitative descriptive research. The analysis of data found that the grammatical cohesion devices in the news item text of the textbook are reference, conjunction, and ellipsis. References become the most common devices, followed by conjunction and ellipsis. Surprisingly, there is no substitution found in this text. Hence, substitution and ellipsis are the two most minor common forms of cohesive devices. It demonstrates that the two types of coherent devices have no use in written discourse. The news item text of the textbook is written cohesively "good" as the percentage is 61 % for the reference. In comparison, 38% for the conjunction is categorized as "fair." This textbook is considered an objective criterion of cohesiveness. It may be fascinating to analyze these in separate studies in spoken discourse, particularly spontaneous speech.
Application of Lorentzian CFT Principal Series Representation to Near Forward Scattering
Authors: Agarwal Pulkit , Brower Richard , Raben Timothy G. , Tan Chung-I
Published: August 2022

We present a discussion on recent progress in high energy diffraction from the perspective of AdS/CFT, through which a unified treatment for both perturbative and non-perturbative Pomeron emerges. By working with Unitary Irreducible Representation of Conformal group, a frame is provided in extending AdS/CFT to both forward and near-forward scattering. We present an analysis involving an exact solution to conformal blocks in Minkowski CFT and discuss possible applications. Phenomenological applications can range from forward scattering to DIS/DVCS/TMD at LHC energies and beyond.
Multi-differential studies to explore strangeness enhancement in pp with ALICE at the LHC
Authors: Ercolessi Francesca
Published: August 2022

The study of energy and multiplicity dependence of strange hadron production in proton-proton collisions provides a powerful tool to understand similarities and differences between small and large collision systems. In order to better understand the origin of strangeness enhancement in pp new multi-differential analyses have been performed. The first separates the contribution of soft and hard processes, such as jets, to strange hadron production through two-particle correlation techniques. The second exploits the concept of the effective energy available for particle production in the event, which is estimated by an anti-correlation with the energy deposited in ALICE's Zero Degree Calorimeters. The results indicate that strangeness production emerges from the growth of the underlying event and confirm it is related to the final state multiplicity.
Flow decorrelation in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$=27 and 200 GeV with 3D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
Authors: Cimerman Jakub , Karpenko Iurii , Tomasik Boris , Trzeciak Barbara Antonina
Published: August 2022

We present the first calculation of longitudinal decorrelation of anisotropic flow at RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies using event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic model (vHLLE), with two different initial states (GLISSANDO2 and UrQMD) and hadronic cascade. We investigate the origin of the observed decorrelation by checking separately flow angle and flow magnitude decorrelation and by calculating decorrelation in the initial state eccentricity.
Measurements of $\phi$ meson and $\Xi^-$ hyperon production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV from STAR experiment
Authors: Zhou Yingjie
Published: August 2022

In this proceedings, we present our first measurements of
\phiϕ
meson and \Xi^-Ξ−
hyperon production in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}sNN
= 3 GeV. Various models including thermal and transport model
calculations are compared to data, these results imply that the matter
produced in the 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is considerably different from
that at higher energies.
Measurement of Intermittency for Charged Particles in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV from STAR
Authors: Wu Jin
Published: August 2022

Local density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed
by intermittency analysis of scaled factorial moments in relativistic
heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency
for charged particles in Au + Au collisions at
\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}sNN
= 7.7-200 GeV from the STAR experiment at RHIC. We observe scaling
behaviors in central Au + Au collisions, with the extracted scaling
exponent decreasing from mid-central to the most central Au + Au
collisions. Furthermore, the scaling exponent exhibits a non-monotonic
energy dependence with a minimum around \sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}sNN
= 20-30 GeV in central Au + Au collisions.
Spinal muscular atrophy type 2: efficacy of risdiplam in a 7-year-old child
Authors: Kryuchkova T. A. , Balakireva E. A.
Published: August 2022

Spinal muscular atrophy is a hereditary disease of the nervous system with damage to the motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, leading to the development of atrophy and progressive muscle weakness. The article presents a clinical case of type 2 spinal muscular atrophy in a child aged 7 years. For the first time, the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy was made and substantiated by the molecular genetic method at the age of 1.5 years. At the age of 2.5 years, the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy was confirmed at the Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Moscow. Over the next years, the patient experienced a rapid regression of previously acquired skills. The child ceased to stand with support, to sit independently. Contractures of the knee joints and ankle joints appeared; 2nd degree scoliosis of the spine; dislocation of the head of the left hip joint; symptoms of chronic ventilation failure. Once a year, planned hospitalization was carried out in the neurological department of the children’s hospital at the place of residence to conduct supportive therapy. The patient was repeatedly hospitalized at the Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics. In connection with the invariable indications for the treatment of this disease, according to the conclusion of the case conference of the Research and Clinical Institute of Pediatrics, pathogenetic treatment with risdiplam at a dose of 5 mg per day according to the program of premarketing use of this drug was started 4 months ago. While the patient continues to take risdiplam, the disease is stable and the general condition and motor function in the upper extremities improve. Adverse events while taking the drug are not observed.
Indications for genetic examinations in children with bradyarrhythmias
Authors: Polyakova E. B. , Shcherbakova N. V. , Shkolnikova M. A.
Published: August 2022

The nature of hereditary cardiac conduction diseases can be determined by using genetic testing. However, due to the absence of large studies, as well as the phenotypic variability of the electrocardiographic and clinical manifestations in patients with bradyarrhythmias, and a positive genetic test there are difficulti to evaluate its effectiveness. The article presents indications for genetic examinations in children with bradyarrhythmias, developed in the Children’s Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias and summarizes the recommendations for patients with cardiac conduction disorders.
Epidemiological characteristics of congenital malformations: data from the Moscow Region register
Authors: Zayaeva E. E. , Andreeva E. N. , Demikova N. S.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this work is to analyze the epidemiology of congenital malformations in different populations in comparison with the data of the regional register of congenital malformations of the Moscow Region. The article provides a brief description and results of the work of international organizations that collect and analyze data on the prevalence and structure of congenital anomalies — EUROCAT (European network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies) and ICBDSR (The International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research). For countries where there are no monitoring systems for congenital malformations recording, the Modell World Database of Congenital Diseases (MGDb) has been developed, which makes it possible to calculate the estimated population prevalence of congenital malformations in these regions. According to international registers, the most common groups of congenital malformations are malformations of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, central nervous systems and malformations of the extremities. To date, the epidemiological picture of the prevalence and structure of congenital malformations around the world looks stable.The article analyzes data from the population-based register of congenital malformations in the Moscow Region from 2011 to 2019, with a coverage of 83% of births in the region. The overall prevalence of congenital malformations was 25.42 per 1000 births. It is determined that the structure of congenital malformations in the Moscow Region is comparable to the data of international studies, but one should pay attention to the lower frequency of most groups of malformations, which is most likely due to insufficient registration of malformations. The Moscow Region register of congenital malformations provides relevant and qualitative data on the frequency and structure of the congenital malformations in the region, which allows, if necessary, to extrapolate obtained prevalence rates to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation as well.