bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Education Level and Socioeconomic Status with The Incidence of CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Kaumpungan Kristesa Lista , Ilmiah Widia Shofa , Maulina Rifzul
Published: December 2024

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CHD) in pregnant women remains a serious issue in Indonesia, with negative impacts on maternal and fetal health. Education level and socioeconomic status play an important role in the incidence of SEZ, where higher education and better economic status can reduce this risk. This study aims to examine the relationship between education level and economic status with the incidence of SEZ in pregnant women at the Poigar Health Center. The research design used in this study was Analytical Correlation. The approach model used was Cross Sectional to study the relationship between Education Level and Socioeconomic Status on the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (SEZ) in pregnant women. This study was conducted in the working area of the Poigar Health Center. The population of this study were all pregnant women in the Poigor Health Center working area as many as 30 people, because this study used a total sampling technique, the number of samples was the same as the population. The mresults of the chi-square test on the education level of respondents showed a value of p = 0.045, it can be concluded that the level of education has a relationship with chronic energy deficiency (CHD) in pregnant women while the results of the chi-square test on socioeconomic status also showed a value of p = 0.000, which indicates a statistically significant relationship between socioeconomic status (income) and the incidence.
Effect Prenatal Yoga on Pregnancy: Literatur Review
Authors: Susanti Nurul Fatimah , Listya Endah Purda , Octaliana Hasrita
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy is a process characterized by various physiological and psychological changes. Yoga has been shown to reduce discomfort due to physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy. The study was made to update and provide a comprehensive picture of the effects of prenatal yoga on pregnancy compared to standard prenatal care. This integrative literature review was based on databases namely Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria were articles published in 2019-2024, written in English, and all articles were available and accessible. Only original articles and those with experimental designs were included.  From 1085 articles, six articles were reviewed. The quality of the selected articles was determined using the Olsen-Baisch Scoring tool. Yoga can reduce pregnancy discomfort related to the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems and improve sleep quality. Psychologically, yoga can help reduce stress, depression and anxiety and improve mental health. Yoga can reduce the incidence of Cesarean Section, reduce the occurrence of labor induction and reduce the incidence of under-term labor and reduce the perception of pain and fear of facing labor.
The Influence of Breast Massage Toward Breast Milk Production on Breastfeeding of Mother
Authors: Tompoliu Destie N , Ilmiah Widia Shofa , Maulina Rifzul
Published: December 2024

The exclusive breastfeeding program is still a global problem, including Indonesia. Data on exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia in 2021 (71.58%), 2022 (72.04%) and 2023 (73.97%). The average length of breastfeeding in Minahasa City, South Sulawesi is 9.35 months in 2019 and 10.46 months in 2021. There are various factors that cause mothers not to provide exclusive breastfeeding, both maternal and infant health factors, and other factors. Efforts are made to facilitate breast milk production, one of which is with Breast Massage. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of breast milk on breast milk production. Pre-experimental study design method. The population of all postpartum mothers at the Tambelang Health Center is 16 people, the sample is 16 people, the total sampling technique. The instrument used an observation sheet with a breast massage technique for 3 days carried out every day with a duration of 15-30 minutes 3 times, data analysis using the Paired T- Test. The results of the study were obtained for the age of 20-35 years (62.5%), gravida primi and multi (43.8%), and high school education (50.0%). P= 0.001 < α 0.05. Conclusion that breast massage can affect the production of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers to be smooth.
O ESTUDO DA CINEMÁTICA E DA FUNÇÃO POLINOMIAL DE GRAU 2 APLICADOS EM MOVIMENTOS OBLÍQUOS PARA UM CAMPO CONSERVATIVO
Authors: Costa José Francisco da Silva , Nascimento José Wilton Serrão , Barros Reginaldo , Lopes Pedro Henrique da Silva , Costa José Maria da Silva , Cardoso José Augusto dos Santos , Queiroz Nian Iury Ferrão , Chaves Neto Antonio Maia de Jesus
Published: December 2024

Esse artigo tem como objetivo abordar o estudo da cinemática com uso de teoremas aplicados em movimentos oblíquos de corpos num campo conservativo. Para melhor abordagem da teoria, utiliza-se o formalismo matemático da função polinomial de grau 2 para obtenção de expressão a ser aplicada nos movimentos oblíquos de corpos num campo gravitacional conservativo. A metodologia utilizada consente na pesquisa bibliográfica com base em autores que possibilita uma melhor compreensão da temática em questão. O resultado aponta que o desenvolvimento a partir da teoria da função quadrática, possibilita a obtenção de uma expressão que tem utilidade na aplicação de corpos de massa m que se movimentam sob aceleração constante no interior de um campo gravitacional desde que não leve em conta a presença de forças dissipativas presentes nos movimentos. Conclui-se a pesquisa mostrando que os teoremas extraídos, a partir dos elementos da teoria da função, leva a determinação de grandezas como tempo de queda e altura máxima de modo análogo como é determinado pelos livros textos de Física de níveis médio ou superior com abordagens da teoria cinemática sobre um outro aspecto teórico que não se enquadra na abordagem que esse artigo apresenta.
ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS NA NEURALGIA TRIGEMINAL: ÊNFASE NA DESCOMPRESSÃO MICROVASCULAR
Authors: Netto José Munhoz , Lima Sarah dos Santos Teixeira de , Teles Amábelli Maziero , Picinin Júlia Nardo , Copola Maria Letícia Basile Piedade , Bonametti José Ricardo , Oliveira Sabrina Leandra de , Cannazzaro Maria Eduarda Coelho , Cassiano Cassiani Batista , Quaiotti Isadora Fernandes , Sousa Giovana Wielewski de , Cardoso Isadora Ramos , Godoy Luísa Ribeiro Dias , Mello Ingrid Zampollo de , Ferreira Arthur Reis , Monteiro Letícia Cristina Scarapicchia , Viaes Jane Irene dos Santos
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A neuralgia trigeminal (NT) é uma condição neurológica que causa episódios de dor intensa e súbita na face, geralmente unilateral, provocada por estímulos leves. A dor, descrita como um choque elétrico, afeta áreas inervadas pelo nervo trigêmeo, como a testa e mandíbula. O diagnóstico é clínico, podendo incluir exames de imagem para descartar outras causas. O tratamento pode ser conservador, com medicamentos como carbamazepina e oxcarbazepina, além de opções não farmacológicas como fisioterapia. Para casos que não respondem ao tratamento, há alternativas cirúrgicas, como descompressão microvascular. Objetivos: Descrever os aspectos clínicos e abordagens terapêuticas na neuralgia trigeminal, com ênfase na DMV. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura sem metanálise, a partir de artigos indexados nas bases de dados Scielo e PubMed, entre 2016 e 2024, em ingles e português. Resultados e discussão: A DMV apresenta resultados clínicos positivos em cerca de 90% dos pacientes analisados. Além disso, impressionantes mais de 80% dos indivíduos relataram estar livres de dor um ano após a realização do procedimento, e mesmo quando avaliados após um período mais prolongado, como cinco anos após a cirurgia, cerca de 73% dos pacientes permanecem sem dor. Conclusão: A NT é uma condição complexa que requer uma abordagem multifacetada para o tratamento, sendo a DMV o tratamento mais eficaz atualmente. A continuidade da pesquisa nesta área é crucial para otimizar os resultados clínicos e melhorar a qualidade de vida daqueles afetados por essa condição.
Research on Employability Enhancing Strategies for Students in Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities
Authors: Chen Xiao , Salwana Alias Bity , Bin Mohd Nor Mohamed Yusoff
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the various factors influencing the employability of students in ordinary undergraduate institutions and to propose targeted strategies for improvement.Methods: The research examines key determinants of employability, including educational background, vocational skills, and social resources.  Through a comprehensive investigation of the employment status of college graduates, the study employs reliability testing and principal component analysis to identify pivotal variables affecting employability.Results: The analysis reveals several key factors impacting the employability of ordinary undergraduate students.  These include the alignment of educational curricula with market demands, the adequacy of vocational training, and the availability of social networks and resources.Conclusions: In light of the findings, the study recommends strategies to improve employability, such as optimizing curricula, enhancing career guidance services, and promoting personalized training programs.  These recommendations aim to bolster the employment competitiveness of graduates from ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities, providing a theoretical framework for educational reforms and supporting graduate employability initiatives.
Embracing generative AI for societal change and a sustainable future
Authors: Muoneke Ada
Published: December 2024

Generative AI empowers youth to address global challenges by amplifying voices, supporting mental health, fostering climate action, and building resilient communities. Aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals, AI democratizes knowledge and enhances advocacy efforts. Ethical design ensures safe, accessible tools, enabling young leaders to drive meaningful societal change.
Impacts of Wheat Enzymatic Defense Mechanisms Response to Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae) Infection
Authors: Manisha  , Baheti B. L. , Abhi Ramavath , Kumar Deepak , Kumhar R. N. , Jain Devendra
Published: December 2024

Biochemical trial was conducted to find out the variation in enzymic activities (PO, PPO, and PAL) infested with Heteroderaavenaeon wheat under cage house conditions. Results exhibited highest enzymatic activities (PO, PPO, and PAL) with application of chemical treatment (fluopyram 34.48% SC at 5 ml/kg seed). The chemical treatment significantly reduced nematode reproduction, as indicated by number of females per 5g root (9.10), cysts per 200 cc soil (12.45) and final larvae population per 200 cc soil (212.70).
Governance and Opposition in the Russian Federation: General Trends of Interaction
Authors: Kupriyanova A. D.
Published: December 2024

The article features the analysis of political and legal foundations of interaction between the government and opposition. According to the author, currently, the processes of perception and interpretation of democracy development, strengthening parliamentarism, and affirming pluralism of ideas, positions, views and opinions are taking place in the Russian Federation. The opposition is considered a necessary component of a political process. However, under the current conditions, there is a problem of building relationships between the government and the opposition, represented by individuals, political parties and non-profit organizations. For the further successful development of the constructive op- position, it is necessary to establish a channel of interaction between the government and opposition forces: to identify ways of interaction between the government and the opposition, to study the influence of the opposition on civil society, to take legislative measures to jointly constructively solve the problems the state and the society are both facing. The article offers practical recommendations for improving communication between the government and opposition forces.
Enhancing Perceived Influence through Perceived Quality of Information, Emotional Appeal and Parasocial Interactions: The Moderating Role of Perceived Risk
Authors: Mohajir Yusuf , Iqbal Asif Iqbal , Ramish Muhammad Sufyan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships among Perceived Quality of Information, Emotional Appeal and Parasocial Interactions on Perceived Influence in influencer marketing context. It also explores the moderating role of Perceived Risk in between Perceived Influence and Purchase Intention. The study employed a quantitative survey-based methodology with 242 respondents in Pakistan who followed influencers on social media. The constructs Perceived quality of information, Emotional Appeal, Parasocial Interactions, Perceived Influence, Purchase Intention and Perceived Risk were measure through a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the data, identifying relationships between variables and the moderating role of perceived risk. Perceived Quality of Information, Emotional Appeal and Parasocial Interactions are positively associated with Perceived Influence. The results indicate that Perceived Risk negatively moderates the relationship between Perceived Influence and Purchase Intention, such that greater perceived risk decreased the ability of social media influencers to affect purchase decision-making. The result then implies that while influencers are indeed effective in changing consumer’s perceptions, whether that affect will translate into actual behavior depends of the consumer’s perceived risk about the transaction. This study contribute to the existing literature on influencer marketing (IM) by analyzing an under researched aspect of Perceived Risk as a moderator, focusing on a developing country context (Pakistan) highlighting consumer behavior in emerging markets with still evolving digital trust and online shopping patterns. This study contributes valuable knowledge on social media influenced consumer behavior in Pakistan, considering digital marketing is a fast growing phenomenon of the developing economies like Pakistan. The insights into influencer strategies in similar economies provided by these findings will be useful for marketers.
Principi liječenja mekotkivnih ozljeda mišićno-koštanoga sustava prema rehabilitacijskim akronimima
Authors: Marunica Karšaj Jelena , Grubišić Frane , Grazio Simeon
Published: December 2024

Uvod: Kako bi se optimiziralo rehabilitacijsko liječenje mekotkivnih ozljeda mišićno-koštanoga sustava, došlo je do promjena u rehabilitacijskim akronimima koji opisuju sastavnice principa liječenja utemeljenih na znanstvenim dokazima. Cilj: Ovaj rad usmjeren je edukaciji i širenju osviještenosti o značaju i učinkovitosti suvremenijih pristupa u optimizaciji rehabilitacijskoga liječenja, respektirajući razvojne faze mekotkivnih ozljeda. Pregled: Pretraživali smo literaturu koristeći baze Web of Science i Google Scholar - pregledne radove, meta-analize, randomizirane kontrolirane studije, pisma uredniku od 1985. do 2021.g. temeljem ključnih riječi soft tissue injuries; rehabilitation acronyms; cryotherapy. Inicijalno je etabliran protokol koji uključuje primjenu krioterapije u obliku leda, kompresiju i elevaciju ozlijeđenog ekstremiteta. Potom je nadograđen principima, u obliku rehabilitacijskih akronima koji se odnose na odmor, poštedu, stabilizaciju i postupno opterećivanje ozlijeđenog ekstremiteta. Svemu navedenome zajedničko je obilježje potreba za provođenjem krioterapije, nasuprot suvremenom principu predstavljenom u obliku akronima koji mijenja dosadašnju paradigmu. Ovaj princip u sebi obuhvaća hodograme za neposrednim zbrinjavanjem blaže do umjerene mekotkivne ozljede mišićno-koštanoga sustava, kao i za nastavno rehabilitacijsko liječenje upućivanjem na potrebu edukacije bolesnika, te uzimajući u obzir psihosocijalne čimbenike u smislu doprinosa k optimalnom rehabilitacijskom ishodu. Temeljem ovoga protokola primjena protuupalnih lijekova i krioterapija nisu uključene u rehabilitaciju nakon ozljeda mekih tkiva zbog njihovih potencijalno nepovoljnih učinaka na biološke mehanizme cijeljenja tkiva. No, kod rehabilitacijskoga liječenja umjereno teških i teških mekotkivnih ozljeda u akutnoj fazi potrebno je pribjegavati principu koji uključuje krioterapiju s kompresijom, izbjegavanje većeg opterećenja, rehabilitaciju i edukaciju. Zaključak: Izostavljanjem primjene protuupalnih lijekova i krioterapije u okviru rehabilitacijskog liječenja manjih do umjerenih mekotkivnih ozljeda došlo je do svojevrsne promjene paradigme, no krioterapija i dalje neizostavno zauzima svoje mjesto prilikom liječenja umjereno teških i teških mekotkivnih ozljeda u akutnoj fazi.
Suspicion of hypophysitis induced by ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy
for advanced renal cell carcinoma – Case report and literature review
Authors: Dilber Ivo , Komšo Milica , Šerić Julija , Mijić Petar , Tokić Mirisa , Vinceljak Blanka , Kokeza Josipa
Published: December 2024

Prema smjernicama Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje, kombinirana terapija ipilimumabom i nivolumabom odobrena je za liječenje uznapredovalog karcinoma bubrežnih stanica srednjeg ili visokog rizika. Otkrićem monoklonskih protutijela-inhibitora imunoloških kontrolnih točaka (ICI) u liječenju raka, produljen je medijan preživljenja kod pojedinih malignih bolesti, ali se istovremeno gotovo svakodnevno susrećemo sa specifičnim nuspojavama ovih lijekova. U našem radu prikazujemo bolesnika sa sumnjom na hipofizitis i posljedičnom adrenokortikalnom insuficijencijom kao nuspojavom kombiniranog liječenja ipilimumabom i nivolumabom, koji se u početku manifestirao kliničkom slikom akutnog moždanog udara. Zbog brzog pogoršanja kliničkog stanja bolesnika, posumnjalo se na imunološki posredovanu nuspojavu liječenja, te je ex juvantibus ordiniran hidrokortizon, nakon čega je došlo do kliničkog oporavka. U radu želimo naglasiti važnost specifičnog pristupa kod svih bolesnika liječenih ICI-jem, a posebno onih s nespecifičnim nuspojavama liječenja.
The Effect of Regional Original Revenue, GDP, and Capital Expenditure on Regency/City Fiscal Distress in South Sulawesi
Authors: Amrisal Amrisal , Mallongi Syahrir , Selong Abbas
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) To Determine and Analyze the Effect of PAD on Regency/City Fiscal distress in South Sulawesi. (2) To Determine and Analyze the Effect of GDP on Fiscal distress of Regencies/Cities in South Sulawesi, (3). To Determine and Analyze the Effect of Capital Expenditure on Regency/City Fiscal Distress in South Sulawesi. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis and Panel data regression analysis, with a sample of 24 city districts in South Sulawesi. Based on the results of the regression analysis of panel data, the results of the study show that (1). PAD has a negative and significant effect on fiscal distress with a coefficient value of -1.303, meaning that if regional original revenue increases by 1%, fiscal distress will decrease by 1.303%.  A negative Coefficient value indicates that there is a negative or opposite relationship between PAD (X1) and fiscal distress (Y). This means that if PAD increases, fiscal distress will decrease. (2) (GDP) has a negative and significant effect on fiscal distress with a coefficient value of -637547.3, meaning that if economic growth increases by one-unit, fiscal distress will decrease by 637547.3 units. (3). Capital expenditure has a negative effect on fiscal distress, with a coefficient value of -0.199, meaning that if the capital expenditure ratio increases by 1%, fiscal distress will decrease by 0.199%. This negative Coefficient value indicates that there is a negative relationship between capital expenditure (X3) and fiscal distress (Y). This means that if capital expenditure increases, fiscal distress will decrease.
Predicting Financial Distress and Bankruptcy of PT Sepatu Bata Tbk with Six Methods
Authors: Sucipto Rakhmat Hadi , Sumantri Fazhar , Taruna Helmy Ivan
Published: December 2024

This study aims to estimate the financial difficulties that may be experienced by PT Sepatu Bata Tbk, compare six bankruptcy prediction methods, namely Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, Grover, Ohlson, and Taffler, and find the accuracy level of the predictive model. The research uses a quantitative approach by utilizing an independent sample t-test to detect comparisons between bankruptcy prediction methods from the company's secondary data. The results of the study show that the Altman method successfully detected the existence of financial distress of the company, namely in 2020, 2022, and 2023, while the rest of the time the company was still safe and entered the gray area, the Springate method predicts that for 12 years from 2012 to 2023 the company was trapped in the threat of bankruptcy due to financial distress, the Grover method found the fact that throughout the year from 2012 to 2023 the company experienced financial difficulties,  Zmijewski's method proves that companies are experiencing financial distress only in 2023, Ohlson's method detects that companies are still in good health for 12 years from 2012 to 2023, and the Taffler model predicts that companies have experienced various conditions over the past 12 years and are only threatened with bankruptcy in 2020 and 2021. The Taffler method showed the highest accuracy rate of 83%, followed by the Altman and Zmijewski methods at 75%, Ohlson at 65%, and Springate and Grover both recorded an accuracy rate of 33%.
Pemberdayaan Ibu Dalam Penurunan Indeks Def-T dan Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Otak Pada Anak Usia Dini Di Pekon Wonodadi Kecamatan Gading Rejo Kabupaten Pringsewu
Authors: Dyah. P RR. Ratnasari , Arianto Arianto , Muliadi Muliadi , Linasari Linasari
Published: December 2024

Kesehatan otak berperan penting dalam kemampuan belajar dan prestasi akademis, terutama pada anak-anak yang memiliki kesehatan otak optimal. Pada tahap kelas V, perkembangan otak anak-anak menjadi cepat dan kompleks, memengaruhi fungsi kognitif seperti konsentrasi, pemahaman, dan kreativitas. Kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut buruk dapat memberikan beban tambahan pada sistem kesehatan secara keseluruhan, termasuk otak, melalui perantaraan proses inflamasi dan respon imun. Inflamasi tersebut dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit, gangguan makan, dan bahkan memengaruhi kualitas tidur, yang semuanya dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan otak. Kesehatan otak berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan belajar dan prestasi akademis. Anak-anak yang memiliki kesehatan otak optimal cenderung menunjukkan performa akademis yang lebih baik.Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat meningkatnya pengetahuan ibu dalam memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak, peningkatan kesehatan otak pada anak usia dini,  diperoleh data status def-t anak usia dini dengan metode memberikan edukasi pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut  mencegah terjadinya karies, melakukan perawatan gigi anak yang sudah mengalamai karies gigi.
Nachrichtendienstrecht
Authors: Löffelmann Markus , Zöller Mark A.
Published: December 2024

Das Recht der Nachrichtendienste ist ein vergleichsweise junges Rechtsgebiet. Aktuelle Reformbemühungen sind gekennzeichnet von dem Bestreben, die Tätigkeit der Nachrichtendienste auf der Grundlage verfassungsrechtlicher Maßstäbe enger einzuhegen. Das vorliegende Kompendium zum Nachrichtendienstrecht gibt ausgehend von den historischen und verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen einen systematischen Überblick über die unübersichtliche und auf zahlreiche Gesetze verteilte Materie. Die 2. Auflage berücksichtigt alle Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum Sicherheitsrecht aus den Jahren 2022 und 2023 und auch bereits die beiden zum 1.1.2024 in Kraft getretenen umfangreichen Neuregelungen im BVerfSchG und BNDG. Darüber hinaus enthält die 2. Auflage ein weiteres neues Kapitel zum Thema „Personeller Geheimnisschutz und Eigensicherung“.
Prawda i wolność jako aksjologiczne fundamenty człowieczeństwa – wokół rozważań Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego
Authors: Staniszewski Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Artykuł analizuje koncepcje prawdy i wolności, które według Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego stanowią etyczne fundamenty człowieczeństwa. Filozof ze szkoły lwowsko-warszawskiej przedstawia kondycję ludzką jako wewnętrzną walkę jednostki o własną tożsamość, świat i lepszą codzienność, opartą na dążeniu do prawdy i wykorzystaniu daru wolności. Rozważania te mają na celu ukazanie, jak wartości takie jak miłość, prawda, dobro i piękno mogą inspirować do samotransformacji oraz odgrywać kluczową rolę w budowaniu etycznej wspólnoty.
Sztuka w obronie i przeciw ludzkiej wolności – zarys relacji z perspektywy tomistycznej filozofii sztuki
Authors: Woch Mateusz
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie relacji sztuki i wolności w świetle filozofii sztuki wypracowanej na kanwie tradycji arystotelesowsko-tomistycznej, uprawianej przez XX-wiecznych neotomistów. Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę sztuki jako określonego typu możności, przy przyjęciu definicji sztuki jako sprawności praktycznego intelektu oraz jej teorii prywatywno-mimetycznej, przy szczególnym rozważeniu aspektu prywatywnego, według którego racją i kontekstem sztuki są bytowe braki. Wolność, będąca cechą możności, którą jest sztuka, oraz specyfika poznania i działania pojetycznego stanowią uzasadnienie wolności sztuki, która może działać zarówno ku wspomaganiu wolności i dobra człowieka, jak i przeciwko nim.
Economic Sanctions and Just War Theory
Authors: Guajardo Constanza , Arancibia Fernando , Marinovic Alejandra ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2024

In this paper we distinguish, from other sanctions, specific targeted sanctions—namely those imposed on particular individuals and sanctions on goods that facilitate the violation of human rights. We ask if these sanctions satisfy the three of the principles of Just War Theory (JWT): chance of success, proportionality and discrimination. We argue that while there is not enough empirical evidence to make a claim about specific targeted sanctions and chance of success, these sanctions do meet the principles of proportionality and discrimination, which are not met by other sanctions. Our ultimate conclusion is that comprehensive sanctions, and some types of targeted sanctions—e.g., those that target sectors of the economy or dual-goods such as oil—cannot be justified, since there is another type of sanctions, namely specific targeted sanctions, that meet the principles of JWT, and hence, are fairer.
On the Necessity and Freedom of God in Schelling’s Ages of the World
Authors: Bian Junshuo ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: December 2024

In this essay, based on the text of the Ages of the World, Schelling’s solution to the pantheism controversy is analyzed and commented on concerning the unification of God’s necessity and freedom in creation. Schelling has distinguished two wills of God, the first is called ‘self-will’, the second is called ‘love’. A God in ‘equilibrium of choice’ is described by the process of the emergence of self-will and the interaction between the two wills. In this equilibrium the two wills are equal in power: self-will does not want to create, whereas love wants to create. With the incomprehensible freedom of God creation is decided, this decision is of ‘necessity of fact’ in that it has to be accepted without any explanation of ‘necessity of reason’. According to Schelling, the unification of God’s necessity and freedom in creation can be summarized as follows: Firstly the creation itself is factual necessary because it is the result of the incomprehensible freedom of God. Secondly the creation is realized on the basis of the ‘character’ self-will provides, which is also factual necessary because it is the result of the incomprehensible freedom of ‘Godhead’. The freedom in creation is realized by overcoming this factual necessity. Thirdly the incomprehensible freedom of creation is in accordance with the ‘necessity of nature’ of God, which is love. Thus creation is the only option for God. It is clear that Schelling’s solution is highly religiously transcendent. However, a rationalistic description underlies his religiously transcendent description of God’s creation. These two kinds of descriptions are irreconcilable, in that the first seeks to give rationally necessary explanation to creation, while the second excludes any explanation and emphasizes on the incomprehensibility of freedom in creation. On the basis of textual analysis it is proved that both necessity of fact and necessity of nature are in fact deduced from dialectics. This use of dialectics is called the ‘principle of equilibrium’, which indeed stands for necessity of reason, conflicting with the incomprehensibility of freedom. Thus Schelling’s solution is paradoxical, and his response to Spinoza’s pantheism controversy is not successful.
“Feelings Hitherto Unknown”
Authors: Aday Isaac Jay ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: December 2024

This piece investigates the formal choices and style of Nikolai Gogol’s Dead Souls in reference to his ostensibly contradictory reflections upon the role of the “author as teacher” and the importance of the institution of serfdom in Russia. What emerges from this exploration is the notion that Gogol’s form and style in writing Dead Souls were in fact ethically weighted—and may provide some further context into what Gogol sought to achieve with composing the novel.
Impacts of starch breakdown during germination and stewing on aroma formation in crystal malts.
Authors: Foulkes Andrew , Bolat Irina , Dodds Chris , Cook David
Published: December 2024

Why was the work done: Crystal malts are used in brewing to add colour, flavour and mouthfeel to beers. In their manufacture, aroma compounds are formed through thermal flavour generation during roasting of stewed green malt. As part of a wider project to generate novel flavour extracts from roasted products, strategies to maximise aroma compounds in crystal malt were investigated.
How was the work done: Crystal malts were prepared at laboratory/micro-malting scale using a Box-Behnken experimental design where three parameters were varied: (i) germination time (4-6 days), (ii) stewing time at 65oC (1-24 hours) and (iii) roasting temperature (120-160oC). The major aroma compounds in the malts were quantified using Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionisation detection.
What are the main findings: Response surface models are reported which predict the concentration of the quantitatively dominant compounds: acetic acid, furfural, 2-furanmethanol, maltol, HMF, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one (DDMP), 5-methylfurfural and phenylacetaldehyde as a function of green malt germination time (2-6 days), stewing time (1-24 h) and roasting temperature (120-160oC). By optimising these factors, the concentration of bulk aroma compounds (sugar degradation products) increased up to sixfold relative to ‘standard’ conditions (four days germination, 1 hour stew at 65oC and roasting at 140oC). Optimal conditions for the formation of each compound are discussed in mechanistic terms. An image analysis method using cross polarised light microscopy was developed to quantify the degree of crystallinity of starch granules during stewing. Data indicate that under conventional manufacturing conditions there is a pool of ungelatinised starch in crystal malt kernels which represents an untapped source of aroma compound precursors.
Why is the work important: The results show that varying the production conditions changed the amounts and relative proportions of the main aroma compounds and hence the flavour of crystal malt. This may help maltsters understand differences in the flavour of products from different production facilities. Application of cross polarised light microscopy with image analysis revealed that a proportion of starch remains ungelatinised following standard industry stewing conditions. This demonstrates the potential to generate novel crystal malts with more flavour.
Reflections
Authors: Quain David
Published: December 2024

This issue of Reflections considers some of the challenges with the Journal of the Institute of Brewing switching from a global publisher to being self-published.  Whilst some were obvious and (reasonably) easy to address, others were unexpected and were revealed over time.  In the ‘unexpected camp’, the visibility of the Journal in university libraries and citation databases was affected with the switch.  This was bad news!  Publications need to be easily found, read and (hopefully) make an impact.  Although a steep learning curve, JIB is now part of EBSCO (used by libraries) and has returned to Scopus (citation database).  Going forward, JIB is hopefully joining DOAJ - an index of open access journals.  A requirement of the DOAJ application is that the JIB must be digitally archived.  It now is, should all be lost with a ‘trigger event’!  Comparing the journal’s key performance indicators is a favourite subject, and for this year three of the four process KPIs have improved over 2023. Finally, this issue contains four research papers.  One, on the survival of pathogens in non-alcoholic beers, has made an immediate impact and has been downloaded over 500 times in just 30 days from publication.
Konsep Komunikasi Pendidikan dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits (Kajian Tafsir Tematik Term Qaulan dalam Al-Qur’an)
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Kholil A. Munawar , Fauzi Sriyono
Published: December 2024

Pentingnya komunikasi yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap manusia, sebagai tujuan untuk membangun hubungan antara sesama manusia melalui pertukaran informasi, menguatkan sikap dan tingkah laku orang lain dan sebagainya. Sebagai bukti perlunya komunikasi tersebut Allah swt. mengajarkan kepada hamba-Nya untuk dapat berbicara dan berisyarat. Al Quran menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk komunikasi terulang sebanyak 19 kali di dalam dengan 8 kata sifat yang mengikutinya. Dan bentuk-bentuk komunikasi pendidikan dengan kata Qaulan tersebut di antaranya adalah Qaulan ma’ruufan , Qaulan sadiidan , Qaulan baliighan, Qaulan kariiman, Qaulan maysuuran, Qaulan ‘adziiman, Qaulan layyiinan dan Qaulan tsaqiilan
Bimbingan Keislaman dan Tahsin Bacaan Al-Qur'an Warga Dusun Taji, Karang, Karangpandan, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sulthoni Akhmad , Tamimi Kho , Akbar Thariq Hafidz , Susilo Fredy , Maghrobi Zendi Ahmad , Rahman Muhammad Wisnu , Baihaqi Muhammad Mukhlas
Published: December 2024

Jurnal Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membahas kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat mahasiswa STIQ Isy Karima meliputi kegiatan bimbingan keislaman dan tahsin bacaan al-Quran bagi warga dusun Taji, Desa Karang, Kec. Karangpandan, Kab. Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah yang dilakukan secara berkelompok dan didampingi oleh dosen. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam waktu 10 hari antara 24 Maret sampai 3 April 2023, bertepatan dengan bulan Ramadhan 1444 H. Bentuk kegiatan berupa Bimbingan keislaman dalam bentuk ceramah singkat dan pelatihan pengurusan jenazah, serta kegiatan tahsin bacaan al-Quran bagi anak-anak, ibu-ibu, dan bapak-bapak. PKM ini merupakan sebagai sebuah langkah nyata pendidikan dakwah lapangan bagi para mahasiswa. Hal ini juga menjadi sarana menumbuhkan rasa kepedulian para mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan sekitar terutama Masjid dengan berbagai fungsinya, serta meningkatkan kemampuan interaksi sosial mahasiswa dengan masyarakat.
Fahrelnisa Zeid Portreleri
Authors: Acar Yılmaz , Alp Kafiye Özlem
Published: December 2024

Fahrelnisa Zeid, içinde bulunmuş olduğu yüzyılın önde gelen kadın sanatçılarından birisidir. Yaşamı boyunca ürettiği eserler, herhangi bir akım ya da etkiden uzak, kendine özgü ve kendi yaşam pratiğinden yola çıkmış eserler olarak anılabilir. Öyle ki günümüzde de Türk resim sanatında önemli bir yer tutan sanatçı, yenilikçiliği ve yaratıcılığı ile ve batılıların ‘Resmin Prensesi’ adını verdikleri École de Paris (Paris Okulu)’li sanatçıdır. Tanınmış ve aristokrat bir ailenin üyesi, bürokrat ve saraylı bir eşin yaşamı, dönemin siyasi ve toplumsal olayları, batı ve doğu arasında farklı coğrafyalarda savrulan hayatı, sanatçının birçok sorunla boğuşmak zorunda kalmasını gerektirmiştir. Sanatçının başlarda soyut olan tarzı ve bu tarzın kendisine oldukça önemli bir sanatsal varlık kazandırmasına karşın sanatsal eğilimleri ailesine dair yaşadıkları ile zamanla değişkenlik göstermiştir. Bu değişim, özellikle, sanatçının portreleriyle günümüzde sanatçıyı var eden bir sanatsal imgelemi doğurmuştur. Sanatçı, herhangi bir sanatçının imgesini ve biçimini kullanmayan değerli bir tarza sahiptir. Ve bu tarz, kendi içerisinde birden fazla tarihi ve geleneksel sanat retoriğiyle sanatçıya ait varlığın temsili olmuştur.
Handwriting and Performance in Imaginative Essays
Authors: Sasala James Matseshe
Published: December 2024

Many students in secondary schools in Kenya register poor grades in English essay questions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish whether the scores of the students who registered poor grades would improve through interventions in their handwriting. The study aimed to find out the extent to which specific aspects of handwriting such as legibility and learner sitting position hindered the learner’s work presentation. The research was carried out in Malava Boys High School, Kakamega County in Western Kenya. A sample of 48 learners from a target population of 160 who had scored below 10 out of 20 in the imaginative composition was purposively selected. The researcher administered written compositions to 8 learners across the six streams in the school. The writing tasks were conducted weekly for four months from September 2021 to December 2021. The baseline study established that most of the sampled learners scored below 10 out of 20 due to problems of poor punctuation and illegibility. It was also observed that the furniture that most learners used was not in good condition and this hindered their sitting posture when writing. The study revealed that the problems of handwriting could be remedied through the learner’s proper sitting position, proper punctuation, and proper shaping of letters such as a, d, h m, n, k, s, and w. The study concluded that handwriting had a bearing on the performance of imaginative writing tasks. Therefore, it was recommended that the teachers of English should strive to detect causes of illegibility early enough and overcome the obstacles by regularly exposing learners to writing tasks.
Application of Data Mining to Predict Stock Price Movements in MNC Bank Using K-Nears Neighbor
Authors: Lyvia Lyvia
Published: December 2024

This study applies data mining methods to predict stock price movements in MNC Bank companies using the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. Accurate prediction of stock prices is crucial for investment decisions and risk management in the financial sector. The K-NN algorithm was selected due to its effectiveness in classifying data based on proximity to training data. The study begins with collecting and cleaning historical stock price data from PT MNC Bank, removing irrelevant or incomplete entries. Significant features are then extracted from this dataset. The data is split into training and test sets. The K-NN model is trained using the training set to predict stock prices on the test set. Model accuracy is assessed by comparing predictions with actual stock prices, with success measured by the percentage of correct predictions. Results indicate that the K-NN model achieved an accuracy of 83.84% on the PT MNC Bank dataset, demonstrating strong predictive capabilities. However, it is noted that accuracy can be influenced by factors such as the volume of training data, the selected features, and K-NN parameter settings. These findings can serve as a valuable reference for investors and market participants, aiding in more informed investment decisions based on improved stock price predictions.
Implementation of an E-Commerce based Online Sales System at the Jaya Bersama Store in Padang
Authors: Monry Muhammad Aviv
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the implementation of an e-commerce-based online sales system at Toko Jaya Bersama, Padang. In today's digital era, e-commerce is an effective solution to increase sales and expand market reach. The system development method used is the waterfall development model. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and analysis of documents related to the online sales system implemented in the store. The results showed that the implementation of e-commerce in Toko Jaya Bersama has succeeded in increasing operational efficiency and store revenue. The online sales system implemented includes the creation of a store website, integration with digital payment platforms, and real-time inventory management. In addition, the implementation of digital marketing strategies through social media and SEO also contributes significantly in increasing store visibility and sales. However, there are some challenges faced in the process
Deprem Risk Azaltma Yönetimi ve Mevcut Bina Stoku Envanter Çalışmaları
Authors: Alyamaç Kürşat Esat
Published: December 2024

Türkiye, yaşadığı afetler içerisinde en fazla depremlerden etkilenmiştir. Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca en çok can ve mal kaybına neden olan afetler, yıkıcı depremlerdir. Deprem risklerinin azaltılması, Türkiye afet yönetiminin en önemli bölümlerinden biridir. Deprem risklerinin temel unsuru, deprem dayanımı düşük veya yetersiz bina stokudur. Deprem risklerinin azaltılması için mevcut bina stokunda temel olarak üç faaliyet yürütülmelidir: Bunlar; deprem dayanımı yetersiz olanların kontrollü olarak yıkılması, deprem dayanımı düşük olanların güçlendirilmesi ve deprem dayanımı yeterli olanlarda da yapısal olmayan hasarlar için tedbirler alınması olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmaların yürütülmesi için mevcut bina stoku envanterinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de maalesef bu bilgilerde önemli eksiklikler vardır. Bu konuda öncelikli yapılması gereken çalışmalar, Yapı Stoku ve Bina Stoku Envanteri Oluşturma Standartlarının hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Daha sonra bu çalışmada ilk defa önerilen, Yapı Envanteri İçerik Sınıflandırma Sistemine göre kurum ve kuruluşların kendi bünyelerindeki yapı stoku envanterlerini sınıflandırmaları öncelikli faaliyet olmalıdır. Bu çalışmaları takiben, bir şehirdeki her yerleşim bölgesi için bina stoku envanteri oluşturulmalıdır. Bu envanter sayesinde risk analizleri yüksek doğruluklu yapılabilir ve deprem riskleri önemli ölçüde azaltılabilir. Sonuç olarak, bina stoku envanteri hem deprem risk azaltma çalışmaları hem de hasar tespit çalışmaları için etkin faydalar sağlayacaktır.
Afete Karşı Dirençli Kentler Oluşturma Stratejileri
Authors: Varol Nehir , Derin Leyla
Published: December 2024

Tehlikeye maruz alanlarda yaşayan insan popülasyonu giderek artmaktadır. 6 milyar insanın yaklaşık yarısı şehirlerde yaşamaktadır. 2025 yılına kadar dünya nüfusunun 8 milyar olacağı ve % 60’nın şehirlerde yaşayacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu şehirlerin % 40'ı kıyı kesimlerde bulunmakta ve meteorolojik ve jeolojik tehlikelere maruz alanlarda bulunmaktadır.
Geçmişten bugüne doğa kaynaklı afetler en çok şehirleri etkilemiştir. Bunun en önemli sebebi ise şehirlerdeki nüfus yoğunluğu ve yapılaşmadır. Bu durum son yüzyılda nüfus artışındaki ivmelenme ile birlikte kentlerin kırılganlığını son derece artırmıştır. Bütün bu olgular hesaba katıldığında kentlerin dirençliliğinin artırılması bir zaruriyet halini almaktadır. Afetlerde dirençlilik; bir tehlikeye maruz kalmış bir sistemin ya da toplumun, temel yapılarının korunması ve yenilenmesi de dahil olmak üzere, tehlikenin etkilerini zamanında ve etkili bir şekilde soğurma, eski hale dönüş ve iyileşme kabiliyetidir (Varol ve Kırıkkaya, 2017). Dirençli kent ise; tanımı gereği afet sonrası iyileştirme çalışmaları da dahil olmak üzere afetin doğurabileceği bütün olumsuzluklara karşı koyabilme yetisine sahip olmalıdır.
Karmaşık kentsel sistemlerin direncini anlamak için, fiziksel ve sosyal bileşenlerin birbirine bağlı ağlarını incelemek gerekmektedir. Fiziksel bileşenler, binalar ve altyapı gibi, sistemin iskeletini oluştururken; topluluk ve açık alan gibi sosyal bileşenler ise sistemin ruhunu temsil eder. Bu bileşenler arasındaki etkileşimler, kentsel sistemlerin doğa kaynaklı afetlere karşı nasıl tepki göstereceğini belirleyen kritik faktörlerdir.
Doğa kökenli afetler, doğal bir tehlikenin insanları ve veya çevreyi etkilediğinde ortaya çıkan bir sonuçtur. İnsanların kırılganlıkları ve başarılı olmayan bir afet ve acil durum risk yönetimi bu sonucu doğurur. Kayıpların büyüklüğü, afetlere karşı dirençlilik ve kapasite ile alakalıdır. Eğer kapasite ve direnç yüksekse ve kırılganlıklar düşükse tehlikeler afete dönüşmezler ya da en az zararla atlatılırlar. Doğa kaynaklı afetlerin sıklığının dünya genelinde oldukça arttığı bir dönemde, kentsel sistemlerin bu tür olaylara karşı direnci giderek daha fazla önem kazanmakta ve daha fazla gündeme gelmektedir. Afetlere karşı dirençli şehirlerin tasarımı ve planlanması, hem mevcut hem de gelecekteki nesillerin güvenliği açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir.
Deprem Dirençli Kentler İçin “Kentsel Deprem Süzgeç Modeli (KDSM)”
Authors: Bayraktar Hüseyin
Published: December 2024

Gelişmiş ülkelere baktığımızda kentlerinin de geliştiğini görüyoruz. Demek ki kentlerin gelişmişlik ve direnç düzeyleri ne kadar iyi ise ülkelerin de gelişmişlikleri ve dirençlilikleri artmaktadır. Kentlerin dirençli olarak nitelendirilmesi için belli kent dinamiklerinin doğru bir şekilde yerine getirilerek güvenlik, yönetim, eğitim, sağlık, adalet, sosyo-ekonomik, iletişim vb alanlarının başarıyla uygulanması gerekmektedir. Güvenlik en önemli dinamikler arasında gelmektedir. Güvenlik denilince akla birçok faktör gelse de bu çalışmada kentlerin deprem tehlikesine karşı güvenliliğinden bahsedilecektir. Ülkemizde depremler hemen her kenti etkileyebilecek seviyelerde can ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu yüzden deprem tehlikesine karşı dirençli kentlerin artırılması ve sürdürülebilirliği önemlidir. Bu çalışmada temel düzeyde yeni bir model “Kentsel Deprem Süzgeç Modeli (KDSM)” önerilmiştir. KDSM’de sekiz alt süzgeç modeli yer almaktadır. Bunlar; bina süzgeç modeli, belediye süzgeç modeli, zemin süzgeç modeli, altyapı süzgeç modeli, eğitim süzgeç modeli, halk süzgeç modeli, demografik süzgeç modeli ve dijital süzgeç modelidir. Bu sekiz model için tanım ve puan parametreleri belirlenerek her modelin ağırlığı puan olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm alt süzgeç modellerin puanlaması KDSM puanını vermektedir. KDSM puan aralıkları kent için belirlenen puana göre kent dirençsiz, az dirençli, orta dirençli ve çok dirençli olarak çıkmaktadır. Kent için ortaya çıkan direnç seviyesi ilgili kentin nasıl bir reaksiyon göstermesi ile ilgili temel açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma temel bir yaklaşım ile kentsel deprem dirençliliğini ele almaktadır. Fakat çalışmaya farklı kent dinamikleri katılarak ve farklı afet türleri içinde genişletilerek yazılımsal bir boyut da kazandırılabilir.