bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANCANG BANGUN DATABASE DUA ARAH DENGAN KENDALI RASPBERRY PI PADA INTEGRASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PENYAKIT MENULAR
Authors: Prasetyo Angga
Published: April 2017

Puskesmas sebagai unit kesehatan tingkat pertama memiliki tugas pokok yaitu pengobatan, perawatan kesehatan, kesehatan lingkungan, membina kesehatan ibu dan anak, pencegahan penyakit menular, pencatatan dan pelaporan. Dari keseluruhan tugas tampaknya tidak seluruhnya digarap oleh puskesmas terutama pencatatan dan pelaporan untuk pencegahan penyakit menular serta pola penyebarannya. untuk mengawasi dan mengendalikan perencananan program kesehatan termasuk penekanan penyebaran penyakit menular, puskesmas belum memiliki alat bantu yang terintegrasi satu atap secara real time dengan dinas kesehatan, untuk itu dibutuhkan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) untuk memvisualisasikan data penyakit menular, hal ini juga perlu ditunjang perangkat yang optimal dengan biaya yang murah dengan menggunakan raspberry pi sebagai kendali otomasi server data dalam replikasi. Proses memanfaatkan replikasi database dua arah menggunakan dua server dengan server satu sebagai master sedangkan server lainnya berfungsi sebagai slave. Hasil pengujian replikasi pada transaction rate untuk meminimalkan antrian data node 1 pada nilai 1,99/detik setiap transaksi data, node 2 nilai 2,02/detik, sedangkan balancer dengan nilai 1,91/detik, sedangkan response time atau kecepatan replikasi database dalam menangkap dan mengirimkan data sangat efektif, pada node 1 0,33/s untuk kecepatan proses, node 2 dengan waktu 0,01/s, dan balancer 0,13/s. Kata kunci: puskesmas, replikasi database dua arah, penyakit menular, dinas kesehatan, sistem informasi geografis (SIG).
EVALUASI PRODUKSI PERIKANAN TANGKAP PELAGIS KECIL DI PERAIRAN PANTAI BARAT SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Nelwan Alfa F.P , Sondita M. Fedi A. , Monintja Daniel R. , Simbolon Domu
Published: April 2017

Produksi ikan merupakan salah satu indikator kinerja armada penangkapan.  Ukuran upaya penangkapan akan menentukan produksi tersebut.  Dinamika perikanan tangkap dapat digambarkan dari fluktuasi upaya penangkapan ikan, produksi dan produktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Perikanan di pantai barat Sulawesi Selatan dibedakan menjadi  3 perikanan menurut perairan di hadapan provinsi tersebut, yaitu zona A (perairan Kepulauan Spermonde), zona B (Teluk Mandar), dan zona C (perairan Kabupaten Majene dan Mamuju).  Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja perikanan tangkap pada ketiga zona perikanan setelah melakukan standarisasi upaya penangkapan dari 8 delapan jenis unit penangkapan ikan, serta mempertimbangkan kebijakan pembangunan perikanan dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun (1977-2006).  Armada penangkapan ikan dari ketiga zona perikanan menunjukkan tren signifikan menurun hubungan antara upaya penangkapan dan CPUE (catch perunit effort) untuk kurun waktu tersebut. Kinerja perikanan tangkap sesuai periode kebijakan pembangunan perikanan di ketiga zona perikanan menunjukkan zona A dan B telah optimum dibandingkan zona C.  Pengelolaan perikanan tangkap disetiap zona perikanan harus memperhatikan karakteristik dari masing-masing zona perikanan
RANCANG BANGUN PEREKAM DATA KELEMBABAN RELATIF DAN SUHU UDARA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Withamana Acta , Jaya Indra , Rachmat Ayi
Published: April 2017

Kelembaban relatif (RH) dan suhu udara merupakan salah satu parameter yang penting dalam pengukuran meteorologi. Pengukuran kedua parameter secara kontinyu diperlukan dalam bidang perikanan dan kelautan. Sebuah perekam data untuk keperluan ini perlu dikembangkan. Perekam data disusun atas mikrokontroler ATmega32 dengan clock 8Mhz, Real-time clock (RTC) DS1307, Sensor kelembaban relatif dan suhu udara Sensirion SHT11, soket SD card, Low-dropout (LDO) Linear Regulator LP2950 dan AIC1734. Selain itu dibutuhkan LED dan beberapa komponen pasif seperti resistor serta kapasitor. Perangkat lunak atau biasa disebut firmware pada alat perekam data ini ditulis dengan menggunakan bahasa BASIC. Program yang digunakan adalah BASCOM-AVR versi 1.11.9.0. Hasil uji coba skala lapangan menunjukan selisih terbesar RH sebesar -20,4% dan suhu udara sebesar 7,3ºC yang disebabkan oleh masuknya kontaminan dan desain PCB dan casing yang tidak melepas panas dengan baik
PERANAN FASILITAS PPI TERHADAP KELANCARAN AKTIVITAS PENDARATAN IKAN DI CITUIS TANGERANG
Authors: Lubis Ernani , Mardiana Nurul
Published: April 2017

Fasilitas berperan menunjang kelancaran aktivitas pelabuhan perikanan. Ketidakcukupan kapasitas atau ketidaktersediaan salah satu fasilitas yang diperlukan akan dapat menghambat kelancaran aktivitas pelabuhan tersebut. Permasalahan ini sering ditemukan pada banyak pelabuhan perikanan. PPI Cituis merupakan salah satu dari 7 PPI di Kabupaten Tangerang yang dapat memberikan kontribusi Pendapatan Asli Daerah tertinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kondisi dan kapasitas fasilitas tersedia terkait dengan kelancaran aktivitas di PPI Cituis. Metode penelitian adalah kasus terhadap aktivitas dan fasilitas PPI Cituis. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif setelah dilakukan identifikasi terhadap fasilitas dan aktivitas yang ada dan penghitungan kembali kapasitas tempat pelelangan ikan, dermaga dan kolam pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan tiga belas jenis aktivitas kepelabuhanan perikanan yang tercantum dalam UU RI Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan, maka PPI Cituis telah melaksanakannya 9. Permasalahan kurangnya kapasitas dermaga (154,18 m) dan kedalaman kolam pelabuhan (70 cm) mengakibatkan terhambatnya aktivitas di PPI Cituis khususnya pendaratan kapal dan pembongkaran hasil tangkapan.
EKSPLORASI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA DALAM PENANGKAPAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer) DI KABUPATEN MIMIKA
Authors: Simbolon Domu , Purbayanto Ari , Astarini Julia E. , Simanungkalit Wesley
Published: April 2017

Tingkat pemanfaatan ikan kakap putih di peraian Kabupaten Mimika cenderung meningkat setiap tahun, karena jenis ikan ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Kondisi ini biasanya menjadi pemicu untuk menggunakan teknologi penangkapan ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan dalam meningkatkan hasil tangkapan. Pengembangan teknologi penangkapan ikan tepat guna di perairan Mimika harus mempertimbangkan potensi lestari ikan kakap putih, aspek sosial dan ekonomi nelayan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi potensi lestari SDI kakap putih, menentukan peluang pengembangan perikanan kakap putih, mengeksplorasi teknologi penangkapan ikan kakap putih yang tepat guna, dan menentukan strategi pengembangan dalam usaha penangkapan kakap putih di perairan Kabupaten Mimika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei melalui kegiatan experimental fishing. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan model bio-ekonomi, multicriteria analysis dan analitycal hierarchy process. Dugaan potensi lestari ikan kakap putih di perairan Mimika adalah 8.348 ton/tahun, dan upaya penangkapan optimum 970.122 trip/tahun. Peluang pengembangan pada kondisi pengelolaan MSY adalah 6,807 ton/tahun, sedangkan pada kondisi pengelolaan MEY 6.553 ton/tahun. Teknologi tepat guna dalam penangkapan kakap putih di perairan Mimika adalah jaring insang dan pancing ulur, tetapi jaring insang lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan pancing ulur. Jaring insang menjadi prioritas pertama untuk dikembangkan dengan melakukan strategi pembinaan nelayan, dan kerjasama antar pelaku untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan dan kesejahteraan nelayan.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN PANCING (HOOaK AND LINE) DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN DAN SOSIAL DI PERAIRAN TELUK TIWORO, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Mustaruddin Mustaruddin
Published: April 2017

Setelah perairan Teluk Tiworo ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi melalui SK Bupati Kabupaten Muna No.157 tahun 2004, pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan oleh nelayan lokal sedikit terganggu. Penelitian ini akan mencoba menganalisis kesesuaian perikanan pancing dan strategi pengembangannya sebagai alternatif pemanfaatan di lokasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdiri dari analisis karakteristik lingkungan, analisis kesesuaian, dan analisis hireraki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu permukaan perairan Teluk Tiworo berkisar 26,5oC – 29oC, salinitas air berkisar 29‰ - 33‰, logam Hg berkisar 0,00045 – 0,0008 ppm, dan arus cukup tenang. Nilai pH-nya berada pada kisaran pH optimal (7,0 - 8,5) untuk pertumbahan ikan, sehingga sangat cocok dijadikan daerah penangkapan ikan. NKgab pancing dengan fungsi kawasan, potensi kawasan, kebutuhan masyarakat, dan perangkat hukum berturut-turut 3,64, 3,25, 3,24, dan 3,33 pada skala 1-4, sehingga mempunyai kesesuaian tinggi untuk dikembangkan di perairan Teluk Tiworo. Pengembangan perikanan pancing berbasis zonasi (rasio kepentingan = 0,278 pada inconsistency 0,04) merupakan strategi prioritas untuk pengembangan pancing secara berkelanjutan di perairan Teluk Tiworo
KERAGAMAN LAMUN DI TELUK BANTEN, PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Satrya Citra , Yusuf Muhammad , Shidqi Muhandis , Subhan Beginer , Arafat Dondy
Published: April 2017

Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu penyusun pantai tropis yang memiliki peranan penting dalam struktur ekologi wilayah pesisir, selain itu lamun juga diketahui memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku farmasi, sehingga keberadaan lamun di suatu wilayah sangat penting untuk diketahui dan dianalisis.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode transek garis pada tiga stasiun, dan bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi keragaman, kerapatan, dan penutupan jenis lamun di Teluk Banten.  Padang lamun di Teluk Banten terdiri dari lima jenis, yaitu: Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, dan Thalassia hemprichii.  Kerapatan lamun tertinggi ditemukan di Pulau Tunda (193 individu/m2), dan terendah di Pulau Panjang (44 individu/m2).  Penutupan lamun terendah ditemukan pada Pulau Panjang (62.5%), sedangkan tertinggi pada Pulau Kalih (90%), dan didominasi oleh jenis Enhalus acoroides.  Nilai penutupan lamun ini menunjukan ekosistem lamun di Teluk Banten tergolong sehat/kaya.
PENGARUH CAHAYA TERHADAP TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP DAN PERTUMBUHAN KARANG LUNAK LOBOPHYTUM STRICTUM (OCTOCORALIA: ALCYONACEA) HASIL TRANSPLANTASI PADA SISTEM RESIRKULASI
Authors: Subhan Beginer , Soedharma Dedi , Arafat Dondy , Madduppa Hawis , Rahmawati Fadillah , Ervinia Ayu , Bramandito Aditya , Khaerudi Denny , Ghozali Ahmad Taufik
Published: April 2017

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan karang lunak Lobophytum strictum hasil transplantasi dilakukan dengan pemeliharaan karang lunak pada dua buah kolam, yaitu kolam terbuka (cahaya) dan kolam tertutup (tanpa cahaya). Pada masing-masing kolam ditempatkan 16 fragmen karang lunak yang sudah ditransplantasikan. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan karang lunak berbeda signifikan antar perlakuan cahaya (P<0,05). Karang lunak yang dipelihara di kolam terbuka mampu bertahan hidup 100% (12 minggu), dengan disertai peningkatan panjang (5,95-10,04 cm)  dan lebar (5,27-6,84 cm) fragmen karang. Hal yang berbeda ditunjukkan karang lunak yang dipelihara di kolam tertutup, hanya mampu bertahan hidup hingga minggu ke-8 (62,5%). Hal ini disertai dengan penurunan panjang (8,25-5,25 cm) dan lebar (9,14-4,86 cm) fragmen setiap minggunya.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN TAMBAK UDANG DI KECAMATAN CIJULANG DAN PARIGI, CIAMIS, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Syaugy Afwan , Siregar Vincentius P. , Arhatin Risti Endriani
Published: April 2017

Pemilihan lokasi tambak yang salah akan menimbulkan masalah, diantaranya adalah meningkatkan biaya konstruksi, operasional, dan dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan tambak udang dengan mempertimbangkan perencanaan sempadan pantai dan sempadan sungai di Kecamatan Cijulang dan Parigi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dalam menentukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan tambak yang ada di lokasi tersebut. Parameter yang diperhitungkan dan dianalisis adalah:  penggunaan lahan; tekstur tanah; jenis tanah; kelerengan lahan; jarak dari sungai; jarak dari pantai; pH air; dan salinitas. Hasil analisis spasial tersebut kemudian ditambahkan faktor pembatas sempadan sungai dan pantai sehingga luas tambak udang seluruhnya yang sebesar 23,8 ha terbagi menjadi tiga kelas kesesuaian, yaitu sangat sesuai sebesar 11,7 ha (49,0%); sesuai sebesar 1,0 ha (4,3%); dan tidak sesuai sebesar 11,1 ha (46,6%). Tidak terdapat tambak di area sesuai bersyarat. Tambak yang eksis di wilayah ini hampir seluruhnya berada pada wilayah yang seharusnya menjadi sempadan sungai. Agar tercipta pengelolaan tambak yang lestari, perlu adanya kerjasama yang baik antara pengelola tambak dengan pemerintah.
Analisis Hasil Audit Pemerintahan dan Tingkat Korupsi Pemerintahan Provinsi di Indonesia
Authors: Rini Rini , Damiati Liska
Published: April 2017

Agency theory assumes that there are many information asymmetries between the agents (local government) who have direct access to information by the principals (the public). The existence of information asymmetry that allows the occurrence of corruption by local government. Government auditing is believed to affect the level of local government corruption. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of government auditing result such as audit opinion, audit finding, and audit rectification to the level of provincial government corruption in Indonesia.This research uses secondary data from the audit result of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik and the prosecutor annual reports. This research uses purposive sampling and using multiple linear regression analysis. The study shows that partially, audit rectification has negative effect on corruption level, audit finding and audit opinion has no effect on corruption level. Simultaneously, these variables have significant influence on corruption level.
Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Nilai Perusahaan: Dari Sudut Pandang Teori Akuntansi Positif dan Corporate Governance
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Sulia Sulia , Rice Rice
Published: April 2017

This study examine the influence of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, political cost hypothesis, earning management, institutional ownership, public ownership, independent board and audit committee on firm value with corporate social responsibility as the intervening variable. The study population is 65 natural resource companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2015. Based on purposive sampling method, 21 natural resource companies were selected (or 84 observations). Data was selected from the companies’ financial reports and analysed by using path analysis. This study found that corporate social responsibility can be used as an intervening variable to mediate the effect of political cost hypothesis, earning management, and audit committee to firm value. But, it cannot mediate the effect of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, institutional ownership, public ownership and independent board to firm value.
Determinan Kebijakan Hutang (Bukti Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Linda Linda , Lautania Maya Febrianty , Arfandynata Muhammad
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of asset structure, free cash flow (FCF), and investment opportunity set on debt policy in the LQ-45 company listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2015.The data used in this study obtained from published companyfinancial statements. The sample was selected based on purposive sampling method e.g. 110 observations. The hypotheses were tested by using multiple linear regression analysis.The results of this study demonstrated that the asset structure, FCF, and investment opportunity set both partially and simultaneously determine the Debt to Equity Ratio. Partially, this study found that the asset structure and FCF has a negative influence on debt to equity ratio, while the investment opportunity set has a positive influence on debt to equity ratio. based on these results, the good investment opportunity set have a strong relationship on the level of debt risk.
Pengaruh Strategi Bisnis Terhadap Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen – Studi pada BUMN Kategori Industri Strategis di Indonesia
Authors: Karsam Karsam
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of business strategy for management control system. The study was carried out on twelve state-owned enterprises strategic industries (BUMNIS) in Indonesia between 2015 and 2016. The studied BUMNIS were selected based on criteria. The data was collected from questionaires that filled by top managements, the board of directors and internal control unit staff. In total, there were sixty respondents and 100% respondent rate. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with PLS approach was used to analysis the survey results. This study demonstrates that business strategy has an impact on management control systems of studied BUMNIS.
The effects of immersive multimedia learning with peer support on speaking skill among male and female students
Authors: Asnawi Asnawi
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the effects of immersive multimedia language learning technique on performance in English in terms of oral production skills in reading and speaking that involved six measures, namely, pausing, phrasing, stress, intonation, rate, and integration without the mediation of the first language of the students amongst both males and females. A quasi-experimental design was employed for the study. Eighty first-year university students enrolled in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course were selected for this study and the teaching treatment was followed for eight sessions with one session per week. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The findings showed that following the immersive multimedia learning, male students in the immersive multimedia group with peer support performed significantly better in four of the six measures of reading skills, namely, phrasing, stress, intonation, and integration as compared to their counterparts in the non-peer supported groups and there were no significant differences for pausing and rate. On the other hand, female students in the immersive multimedia learning with peer support group performed significantly better in all six measures of oral production for reading and speaking than their counterparts in the groups without peer support.  These findings showed that the immersive multimedia technique with peer support reduced the use of code-switching strategies by the students and enabled them to develop oral production skills in English approaching the patterns of native speakers especially amongst the female students.
A study on improving students’ reading comprehension using the Numbered Heads Together Technique
Authors: Sahardin Rosnani , Mukarramah Mukarramah , Hanafiah Anwar
Published: April 2017

This study deals with improving the reading comprehension of junior high school students through the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique. The objective is to find out if cooperative learning using NHT can improve the reading comprehension of the students. The data for this research was obtained from a field study using an experimental research design at a middle school in Aceh Besar with a one group time series design. From the study, it was found that the students’ mean scores from the pre-test and the post-test were different. The mean score of the students’ post-test was higher than the pre-test scores. To find out if the two mean scores were significantly different, they were tested using the t-test statistical procedure.  The result showed that they were significantly different (df = 8, alpha 0.05, t-table 17.550 2.0452). This indicated that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected as hypothesized. Thus, cooperative learning using the NHT technique can improve the reading comprehension skills of middle school students.
IMPLEMENTASI WAVECOM DALAM MONITORING BEBAN LISTRIK BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Muchtar Husnibes , Hidayat Asep
Published: April 2017

Pembuatan Implementasi wavecom dalam monitoring beban listrik berbasis mikrokontroler dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah konsumen yang masih menggunakan KWH Meter Analog. Alat ini dilengkapi Sensor arus, sensor tegangan, arduino nano, mikrokontroler AT328, menggunakan juga sebuah modul wavecom 1306B sebagai penghubung yang dapat meneruskan data ke Ponsel. Ketika pengguna listrik ingin melihat beban dan biaya tagihan listrik setiap waktu, pengguna hanya mengirim sms sesuai format yang telah disimpan dalam program arduino. Modul wavecom memberi balasan sesuai perintah pengguna yang di perintah oleh mikrokontroler.
The Islamic State's Êzîdî Genocide in Iraq: The Sinjār Operations
Authors: Moradi Fazil , Anderson Kjell
Published: April 2017

This paper critically examines the Islamic State's annihilatory violence committed against the Êzîdîs in Iraq since 2014. It argues that the violence is a product of both Êzîdî marginality and the ideology of the Islamic State, which is grounded in its particular neo-historical iteration of Islam. Annihilatory violence is fundamental for the IS to actualize its iteration of the holy Qur'ān, the words and actions of the Islamic prophet, and historical events, dividing the world into binaries of the Abode of Islam and the Abode of War, or good and evil. It draws from anthropological research and interviews conducted by the authors with survivors and perpetrators in 2014 and 2016 to argue that the Islamic State's campaign against the Êzîdîs constitutes the subjective and objective elements of the crime of genocide.
Holocaust Denial and Holocaust Memory: The Case of Ernst Zündel
Authors: Tingler Jason
Published: April 2017

Until his extradition to Germany in 2005, Ernst Zündel was the largest promoter of Holocaust denial literature in the world. In 1985, Zündel was even put on trial in Toronto for his fallacious publications. The trial was brought by Holocaust survivors seeking to safeguard Holocaust memory, which had grown in Canada's public consciousness during the 1960s and 1970s, but which had been viciously attacked by Zündel. This article explores the origins and history of Zündel's denial, and offers a new perspective on a well-known denier. While antisemitism played an essential role, the author argues that to understand Zündel's denial requires contextualizing his deplorable beliefs, as denial can also serve a special role in deniers' sense of themselves. By taking issues of identity seriously, such as how one fabricates a historical web of meaning, we can better understand what causes some people to deny the undeniable.
Deliberative freedoms and the asymmetric features of anti-discrimination law
Authors: Campbell Colin , Smith Dale
Published: April 2017

In a series of papers, Sophia Moreau has offered an original and important account of the value underlying anti-discrimination law, which we call ‘the deliberative freedoms account.’ According to this account, anti-discrimination law exists to protect people’s ‘deliberative freedoms’ – that is, their freedom to make decisions about how to live their lives without having to take into account, as a cost, characteristics such as their gender, race, and age. Viewing anti-discrimination law in this way, Moreau suggests, helps explain why the law treats a discriminatory act as a personal wrong against the complainant. It also reveals an underlying unity between different areas of anti-discrimination law, such as direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, and special accommodation requirements. Despite its strengths, we argue that the deliberative freedoms account does not fit well with asymmetrical features of anti-discrimination law – that is, ways in which the law provides protection to one group (for example, people with a disability) but not to an associated group (for example, people without a disability). In particular, we contend that Moreau cannot account for the recognition by anti-discrimination law of legitimate affirmative action policies. This, we argue, provides a powerful reason to reject the deliberative freedoms account. We also consider more recent, largely unpublished work in which Moreau suggests that she may be moving towards offering a pluralist account of anti-discrimination law, according to which the protection of deliberative freedoms is only one of the aims, or values underlying, this area of law. We argue that the difficulties we have identified with the deliberative freedoms account are likely to apply also to a pluralist theory that accords significant weight to the protection of deliberative freedoms.
Exogenous proline enhances nutrient uptake and confers tolerance to salt stress in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Alam R , Das DK , Islam MR , Murata Y , Hoque MA
Published: April 2017

Proline accumulation is the main adaptive mechanism to salinity in plants. The pot experiments were carried out to mitigate the adverse effects of NaCl stress on BARI Hybrid Maize-5 and Hybrid Maize Pacific-987 by exogenous application of proline. Plants were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl at vegetative stage. Proline solutions were sprayed over maize leaves at both vegetative and tasseling stages. NaCl stress caused significant reductions in plant growth of maize. NaCl stress at 50 mM drastically reduced the growth of maize plant. Salt stress also reduced reproductive growth, grain yield, chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient (NPS) uptake in both maize varieties. Exogenously applied proline improved growth and grain yield of BARI Hybrid Maize-5 at 25 mM NaCl stress condition. Additionally, BARI Hybrid Maize-5 conferred tolerance to 50 mM NaCl stress with 25 mM proline. Proline application significantly increased K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake by maize under salt stress. The present study suggests that proline improves salt tolerance of maize by increasing the K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake, particularly P uptake.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 409-417, 2016
Subtopic annotation and automatic segmentation for news texts in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Cardoso Paula C.F. , Pardo Thiago A.S. , Taboada Maite
Published: April 2017

Subtopic segmentation aims to break documents into subtopical text passages, which develop a main topic in a text. Being capable of automatically detecting subtopics is very useful for several Natural Language Processing applications. For instance, in automatic summarisation, having the subtopics at hand enables the production of summaries with good subtopic coverage. Given the usefulness of subtopic segmentation, it is common to assemble a reference-annotated corpus that supports the study of the envisioned phenomena and the development and evaluation of systems. In this paper, we describe the subtopic annotation process in a corpus of news texts written in Brazilian Portuguese, following a systematic annotation process and answering the main research questions when performing corpus annotation. Based on this corpus, we propose novel methods for subtopic segmentation following patterns of discourse organisation, specifically using Rhetorical Structure Theory. We show that discourse structures mirror the subtopic changes in news texts. An important outcome of this work is the freely available annotated corpus, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the only one for Portuguese. We demonstrate that some discourse knowledge may significantly help to find boundaries automatically in a text. In particular, the relation type and the level of the tree structure are important features.
Serum IgG Antibodies from Pregnant Women Reacting to Mimotopes of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen, the Viral Oncoprotein
Authors: Mazzoni Elisa , Di Stefano Mariantonietta , Fiore Josè R. , Destro Federica , Manfrini Marco , Rotondo John Charles , Casali Maria V. , Vesce Fortunato , Greco Pantaleo , Scutiero Gennaro , Martini Fernanda , Tognon Mauro G.
Published: April 2017

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT) coding sequences were revealed in different human samples, whereas SV40 antibodies (Ab) were detected in human sera of cancer patients and healthy individuals, although with a lower prevalence. Previous studies carried out by the neutralization assay gave a SV40 seroprevalence, in the general population, up to 8%, although higher rates, 12%, were detected in kidney transplant children, in a group of HIV-positive patients, and in healthy females. In this study, serum samples from pregnant women, together with those from non-pregnant women, were analyzed to check the prevalence of IgG Ab reacting to SV40 LT antigens. Serum samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women, with the same mean age. Women were in the range of 15–48 years old. Samples were assayed by an indirect ELISA employing specific SV40 LT mimotopes as antigens, whereas functional analysis was performed by neutralization of the viral infectivity in cell cultures. As a control, sera were analyzed for Ab against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), which is a human polyomavirus homologous to SV40. Statistical analyses employed chi-square with Yates’ correction, and Student’s t tests. Indirect ELISAs indicated that pregnant women tested SV40 LT-positive with a prevalence of 17% (23/134), whereas non-pregnant women had a prevalence of 20% (36/180) (P > 0.05). Ab against BKPyV were detected with a prevalence of 80% in pregnant women and with a prevalence of 78% in non-pregnant women. These data indicate that SV40 infects at a low prevalence pregnant women. We may speculate that SV40, or a close human polyomavirus still undetected, could be transmitted from mother to fetus.
Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe
Authors: Escobar Juan V , Garza Cristina , Castillo Rolando
Published: April 2017

We present a procedure to perform and interpret pull-off force measurements during the jump-off-contact process between a liquid drop and rough surfaces using a conventional atomic force microscope. In this method, a micrometric liquid mercury drop is attached to an AFM tipless cantilever to measure the force required to pull this drop off a rough surface. We test the method with two surfaces: a square array of nanometer-sized peaks commonly used for the determination of AFM tip sharpness and a multi-scaled rough diamond surface containing sub-micrometer protrusions. Measurements are carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid water capillary interactions. We obtain information about the average force of adhesion between a single peak or protrusion and the liquid drop. This procedure could provide useful microscopic information to improve our understanding of wetting phenomena on rough surfaces.
Probabilistic Cosmological Mass Mapping from Weak Lensing Shear
Authors: Schneider M. D. , Ng K. Y. , Dawson W. A. , Marshall P. J. , Meyers J. E. , Bard D. J.
Published: April 2017

We infer gravitational lensing shear and convergence fields from galaxy ellipticity catalogs under a spatial process prior for the lensing potential. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with simulated Gaussian-distributed cosmological lensing shear maps and a reconstruction of the mass distribution of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 781 using galaxy ellipticities measured with the Deep Lens Survey. Given interim posterior samples of lensing shear or convergence fields on the sky, we describe an algorithm to infer cosmological parameters via lens field marginalization. In the most general formulation of our algorithm we make no assumptions about weak shear or Gaussian-distributed shape noise or shears. Because we require solutions and matrix determinants of a linear system of dimension that scales with the number of galaxies, we expect our algorithm to require parallel high-performance computing resources for application to ongoing wide field lensing surveys.
The Physical Nature of Subdwarf A Stars: White Dwarf Impostors
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Kilic Mukremin , Gianninas A.
Published: April 2017

We address the physical nature of subdwarf A-type (sdA) stars and their possible link to extremely low mass (ELM) white dwarfs (WDs). The two classes of objects are confused in low-resolution spectroscopy. However, colors and proper motions indicate that sdA stars are cooler and more luminous, and thus larger in radius, than published ELM WDs. We demonstrate that surface gravities derived from pure hydrogen models suffer a systematic ∼1 dex error for sdA stars, likely explained by metal line blanketing below 9000 K. A detailed study of five eclipsing binaries with radial velocity orbital solutions and infrared excess establishes that these sdA stars are metal-poor ≃1.2 M
⊙ main sequence stars with ≃0.8 M
⊙ companions. While WDs must exist at sdA temperatures, only ∼1% of a magnitude-limited sdA sample should be ELM WDs. We conclude that the majority of sdA stars are metal-poor A–F type stars in the halo, and that recently discovered pulsating ELM WD-like stars with no obvious radial velocity variations may be SX Phe variables, not pulsating WDs.
Bombs and Flares at the Surface and Lower Atmosphere of the Sun
Authors: Hansteen V. H. , Archontis V. , Pereira T. M. D. , Carlsson M. , van der Voort L. Rouppe , Leenaarts J.
Published: April 2017

A spectacular manifestation of solar activity is the appearance of transient brightenings in the far wings of the Hα line, known as Ellerman bombs (EBs). Recent observations obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph have revealed another type of plasma “bombs” (UV bursts) with high temperatures of perhaps up to 8 × 104 K within the cooler lower solar atmosphere. Realistic numerical modeling showing such events is needed to explain their nature. Here, we report on 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetic flux emergence in the solar atmosphere. We find that ubiquitous reconnection between emerging bipolar magnetic fields can trigger EBs in the photosphere, UV bursts in the mid/low chromosphere and small (nano-/micro-) flares (106 K) in the upper chromosphere. These results provide new insights into the emergence and build up of the coronal magnetic field and the dynamics and heating of the solar surface and lower atmosphere.
Analysis of Quasi-periodic Oscillations and Time Lag in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources with XMM-Newton
Authors: Li Zi-Jian , Xiao Guang-Cheng , Chen Li , Zhang Shu , Bu Qing-Cui , Zhang Liang , Ma Xiang , Yan Lin-Li , Qu Jin-Lu
Published: April 2017

We investigated the power density spectrum (PDS) and time lag of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) observed by XMM-Newton. We determined the PDSs for each ULX and found that five of them show intrinsic variability due to obvious quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of mHz–1 Hz, consistent with previous reports. We further investigated these five ULXs to determine their possible time lag. The ULX QPOs exhibit a soft time lag that is linearly related to the QPO frequency. We discuss the likelihood of the ULX QPOs being type-C QPO analogs, and the time lag models. The ULXs might harbor intermediate-mass black holes if their  QPOs are type-C QPO analogs. We suggest that the soft lag and the linearity may be due to reverberation.
Non-kinematic Flux-transport Dynamos Including the Effects of Diffusivity Quenching
Authors: Ichimura Chiaki , Yokoyama Takaaki
Published: April 2017

Turbulent magnetic diffusivity is quenched when strong magnetic fields suppress turbulent motion in a phenomenon known as diffusivity quenching. Diffusivity quenching can provide a mechanism for amplifying magnetic field and influencing global velocity fields through Lorentz force feedback. To investigate this effect, we conducted mean field flux-transport dynamo simulations that included the effects of diffusivity quenching in a non-kinematic regime. We found that toroidal magnetic field strength is amplified by up to approximately 1.5 times in the convection zone as a result of diffusivity quenching. This amplification is much weaker than that in kinematic cases as a result of Lorentz force feedback on the system’s differential rotation. While amplified toroidal fields lead to the suppression of equatorward meridional flow locally near the base of the convection zone, large-scale equatorward transport of magnetic flux via meridional flow, which is the essential process of the flux-transport dynamo, is sustainable in our calculations.
The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). XI. Detection of C iv in Multiple Images of the z = 6.11 Lyα Emitter behind RXC J2248.7–4431
Authors: Schmidt K. B. , Huang K.-H. , Treu T. , Hoag A. , Bradač M. , Henry A. L. , Jones T. A. , Mason C. , Malkan M. , Morishita T. , Pentericci L. , Trenti M. , Vulcani B. , Wang X.
Published: April 2017

The C iii] and C iv rest-frame UV emission lines are powerful probes of the ionization states of galaxies. They have furthermore been suggested as alternatives for spectroscopic redshift confirmation of objects at the epoch of reionization (

), where the most frequently used redshift indicator, Lyα, is attenuated by the high fraction of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium. However, currently only very few confirmations of carbon UV lines at these high redshifts exist, making it challenging to quantify these claims. Here, we present the detection of C iv
λλ1548, 1551 Å in Hubble Space Telescope slitless grism spectroscopy obtained by GLASS of a Lyα emitter at z = 6.11 multiply imaged by the massive foreground galaxy cluster RXC J2248.7–4431. The C iv emission is detected at the 3σ–5σ level in two images of the source, with marginal detection in two other images. We do not detect significant C iii]λλ1907, 1909 Å emission implying an equivalent width

Å (1σ) and

(2σ). Combined with limits on the rest-frame UV flux from the He ii
λ1640 Å emission line and the O iii]λλ1661, 1666 Å doublet, we put constraints on the metallicity and the ionization state of the galaxy. The estimated line ratios and equivalent widths do not support a scenario where an AGN is responsible for ionizing the carbon atoms. SED fits, including nebular emission lines, imply a source with a mass of log(M/M
⊙) ∼ 9, SFR of around 10 M
⊙ yr−1, and a young stellar population

old. The source shows a stronger ionizing radiation field than objects with detected C iv emission at

and adds to the growing sample of low-mass (log(M/M
⊙) ≲ 9) galaxies at the epoch of reionization with strong radiation fields from star formation.
A new raninoid crab (Decapoda, Brachyura, Raninidae) from the early Oligocene (late Rupelian) of Italy
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Garassino Alessandro
Published: April 2017

Pasini & Garassino (2017) did a preliminary systematic review of the worldwide fossil species of Ranina, pointing out that it was used as “basket genus” for almost two centuries to accommodate different questionable taxa pertaining or not to Raninoidea. The result was that just four species were possibly assigned to Ranina compared to 23 species previously listed by Karasawa et al. (2014). Among the studied species, a rich sample of specimens from the early Oligocene of the Ligure-Piemontese Basin (Italy), previously assigned to Ranina speciosa by Ristori (1889) and Allasinaz (1987), has been revised and here discussed. The studied specimens are herein assigned to the new genus Alcespina, with A. ovadaensis n. sp (Raninidae), whereas five specimens of Allasinaz’s original sample are assigned to Raninoides H. Milne Edwards, 1837. Finally, this study allows us to review the questionable species Ranina berglundi Squires & Demetrion, 1992, from the early Eocene of Mexico, herein also assigned to A. berglundi (Squires & Demetrion, 1992) n. comb.
Short- and long-term results of chordal reconstruction using artificial suture material (polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene) in the dog
Authors: Kanemoto Isamu , Masumoto Tomonari , Ohara Kiminari , Kimura Yusuke , Machida Noboru
Published: April 2017

No previous reports have compared the suitability of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and polypropylene as artificial suture materials for chordal reconstruction in mitral valve plasty (MVP) in the dog. Twelve normal dogs were subjected to MVP using surfaceinduced deep hypothermia. In the short-term group (1.5-4 months after surgery), all ePTFE sutures were covered by a tissue sheath including the paired suture arms, which gave the appearance of native chordae from 2 months after surgery. In contrast, all polypropylene sutures were not covered by tissue, and appeared the same as the paired polypropylene suture arms at the operation. In the long-term group (12 months after surgery), all ePTFE sutures were covered by a tissue sheath, which appeared the same as that in the short-term group, and had flexibility without increased thickness with time. In contrast, although the polypropylene suture was covered completely by a tissue sheath in 1 dog, all the other polypropylene sutures were exposed except for both ends of the suture. ePTFE may be superior to polypropylene as an artificial suture material for chordal reconstruction in MVP.
A study of the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiwome Bernard , Kandiwa Erick , Mushonga Borden , Sajeni Shepherd , Habarugira Gervais
Published: April 2017

A 3-year prospective study investigated the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a commercial dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe. The overall incidence of milk fever at the farm was 7.98%. Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys (14.78%) was significantly higher (p 0.05) than that in Holsteins (4.82%). Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys beyond their fourth parity (24.85%) was significantly higher (p 0.05) than that in Jerseys in their second (5.90%), third (6.49%) and fourth (8.73%) parities. Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins beyond their fourth parity (8.29%) was significantly higher (p 0.05) than that in Holsteins in their second (1.43%), third (1.82%) and fourth (2.91%) parities. No significant difference existed in milk fever incidences between the second, third and fourth parities in either Jersey or Holstein cows. Incidence of milk fever in Jersey cows producing over 6114 litres per 305-day lactation (27.07%) was significantly higher than that in Jerseys producing less than 6114 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p 0.05). Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins producing more than 9149 litres per 305-day lactation (10.49%) was significantly higher than that in Holsteins producing less than 9149 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p 0.05). No significant difference existed between incidences of milk fever between the first, second and third quartile producers (p 0.05) in either Jersey or Holstein cows. This study confirms that the risk of developing milk fever is higher in Jerseys and also increases with increasing parity and higher levels of milk production in both breeds, thus advocating for special considerations when dairy cows fit these criteria.
Societal power shifts and changing social identities in South Africa: workplace implications
Authors: Booysen Lize
Published: April 2017

The enormous social, economic and political transformation South Africans have experienced especially over the past 12 years, since the systematic dismantling of apartheid in the era of social and economic reconstruction, has brought about numerous societal and social identity changes. Due to these changes in social identity, societal norms and power shifts, major changes are occurring in the workplace, and societal level identity crises and conflicts are increasingly spilling over into the workplace. This article unpacks these social identity changes and power shifts on the political, social, economic and management levels, by employing social identity theory, self-categorisation theory and embedded intergroup theory, and highlights some resultant workplace implications.
Developing a framework to investigate the personal financial management knowledge of individuals
Authors: Struwig Miemie , Plaatjes W
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on the development of a framework for investigating the personal financial management knowledge of individuals. Content analysis is used to derive the components included in the personal financial management requirements framework. The framework developed includes six components, namely basic concepts in personal finances, management of personal finances, risk management, future planning, investing in financial resources and miscellaneous factors. A qualitative validation process revealed that the framework indeed covers what the average South African citizen is required to know about personal financial planning. The real test of this framework will be to use it in developing an instrument to test individuals’ knowledge of personal financial management. This process of empirically testing the framework, using such an instrument, warrants a separate article.
Trends and volatility in sub Saharan Africa’s key primary commodity exports
Authors: Ocran Matthew , Biekpe Nicholas
Published: April 2017

Using a GARCH model the paper sought to test the hypothesis that price volatility of key Sub Saharan Africa primary commodity exports, have not changed over the past four decades. Whilst crude oil, aluminium, cocoa and six others have not experienced significant change in price volatility over the period, nine other major commodities recorded changes. Efforts need to be made to extensively diversify the portfolio of agricultural commodity exports by including new products of which price volatilities in the past decades have been reduced. This is crucial for countries that depend on up to three primary commodities for the bulk of their foreign exchange earnings. Other measures such as value addition can also help in reducing impacts of unfavourable price movements.
The correlation between cherry picking and the distance that consumers travel to do grocery shopping
Authors: Van Scheers Louise , Cant Mike
Published: April 2017

Retailers often use price promotions to discriminate between consumers who can shift purchases over time and those who cannot. Retailers consistently tend to charge lower prices than necessary, pricing defensively to prevent loyal customers from cherry picking, or shifting to competitors. Knowledge about cherry picking behaviour will enable retailers to obtain a higher share of disposable income from even price-sensitive shoppers, while at the same time charging higher prices. Recent studies indicate that effective cherry picking entails saving costs through price searching over time, price searching across stores, or both. This study examines the relationship between cherry picking and the distance that consumers travel to do grocery shopping. Interviews were conducted at ten different retail outlets over three days, and the results show that there is a highly significant correlation between cherry picking and the distance that consumers travel to do grocery shopping.These results should help retailers to benefit from cherry picking by taking a proactive approach to store switching and store location, two of the main influences on cherry picking behaviour.
The current orthodoxy in environmental economics: A review and a challenge
Authors: Lumby AB
Published: April 2017

Perhaps the most noticeable feature in the burgeoning literature devoted to environmental economics has been the primacy of the neo-classical model (or what is often referred to as the ‘market solution’).  This strategy, embodying individual property rights and the use of the private discount rate, assumes that market signals will elicit satisfactory solutions to the problems of excessive resource depletion and pollution.  It has been argued, however, that methodological problems have undermined the feasibility of the orthodox approach to environmental economics.  Furthermore, it has been suggested that this approach is fundamentally anthropocentric in character and therefore unsuited to resolving problems which are seen to be essentially ecological in character.  Accordingly, this paper seeks to review the neo-classical model of environmental economics and outlines the challenges posed by the alternative strategies of sustainable development and ecological economics, as well as some of the conceptual problems which still remain to be resolved.