bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bionomics, Abundance and Management of Coffee White Stem Borer (Xylotrechus quadripes Chervolet) in Nepal
Authors: Aryal L. N. , Basnet S. , Bhusal Y. R. , Thapa K. B.
Published: November 2022

An experiment was conducted to study the life cycle, seasonal abundance and management practices of coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes) at Horticulture Research Station, Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal from April, 2016 to October, 2019. The life cycle of coffee white stem borer was studied in laboratory by inoculation of first instar larvae into coffee branches up to adult emergence. The first instar larvae took 94±3 days to become adult. The monthly observation on the emergence of this borer showed that it was highly weather dependent and has two peak periods of emergence: April - June and September - November. Coffee white stem borer infestation was reduced to 11.11% with the application of treatments like scrubbing of stem and application of red soil mixed with fresh cow dung (1:1) or by stem scrubbing and application of Bordeaux paste on it followed by root zone application of Metarrhizium anisopliae (22.22%) or Beauveria bassiana (22.22%), or spraying of 10% lime (22.22%). Proper and timely management practices during cultivation and selection of borer resistant genotype seem beneficial for the coffee growers. Further, application of borer management practices based on abundance models are recommended to minimize the pest infestation.
Processing Attributes and Chips Quality of Promising Potato Clones under Different Slice Treatments in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Gainju A. , Shrestha A. K. , Manandhar S. , Upadhyay K. P. , Bhattarai P.
Published: November 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate processing attributes of different potato clones (genotype) and their effect in chips quality in combination with different potato slice treatments in Bhaktapur, Nepal from January to April 2018. Six potato clones (PRP 35861.18, CIP 384866.5, PRP226267.11, CIP 388676.1, PRP 858676.1 and Desiree) were allocated in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Significant variation among the potato clones was found with respect to dry matter and reducing sugar content. PRP 858676.1 showed the highest dry matter whereas the lowest reducing sugar content was with CIP 384866.5. Variation in specific gravity and total soluble solidwas not found statistically significant. Chips were prepared in two factorial design with 3 replications, following the protocol of National Potato Research Program. First factor was potato clones and the second factor was slice treatments viz; cold water, 0.5% NaCl solution and warm water at 45ºC. This study revealed significant variation in chips colour, taste & flavour, crispiness, overall acceptability and recovery percent. Clone CIP 388676.1 with slices treated with cold water produced best quality chips while highest recovery percent was given by PRP 858676.1 treated with warm water at 45ºC. Superior quality of chips was obtained with CIP 388676.1 followed by Desiree, CIP 384866.5 and PRP 858676.1. Thus, potato clones CIP 388676.1, Desiree, CIP 384866.5 and PRP 858676.1 needs further evaluation for chips quality and slice treatment with cold water should be recommended for good quality chips production.
Effect of Application of Nitrogen and Boron to Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) in the Soil of Rampur, Chitwan
Authors: Subedi B. , Shriwastav C. P. , Khanal B. R. , Giri H. N.
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal from Nov 2017 to March 2018 to study the effects of Nitrogen and Boron on the nutrient uptake by the plant, soil properties, and biological yield of cauliflower (variety Indham-9803). Randomized complete block design with four replications and nine treatment combinations, including three doses of boron (1.7, 1.1, and 0.5 Kg/ha) and three doses of Nitrogen (260, 200, and 140 Kg/ha) were used in the trial. In the case of Nitrogen application, biological yield, soil organic matter, soil nitrogen, and leaf boron were recorded maximum from nitrogen dose N1, and those parameters were recorded minimum from nitrogen dose N3. Meanwhile, leaf boron and soil boron were recorded maximum from the individual doses of nitrogen N3 and N2 respectively and those parameters were recorded minimum from nitrogen dose N3. Increasing nitrogen dose to N1 significantly decreased the soil pH, while bulk density showed no significant changes with the application of nitrogen. In the case of boron application, biological yield, soil nitrogen, leaf nitrogen, soil boron, and leaf boron were recorded maximum from boron dose B1 and those parameters were recorded minimum from B3. Soil pH, Bulk density, and soil organic matter showed no significant changes with the application of boron. In the case of combined effect, maximum leaf nitrogen and soil boron was recorded from treatment T3:- N2B1. Therefore, relevant management of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil in combination with boron is crucial.
Prevalence of Fasciolosis in Commercial Cattle Farm of Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Bhusal N. , Bhatta B. R. , Shrestha S. , Chapagain A.
Published: November 2022

Fasciolosis is a common parasitic disease affecting cattle and other ruminants, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The disease is widely distributed and can cause extensive economic losses to the farmers and the national economy. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in commercial cattle farms of Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi district, Nepal. A total of 270 fresh faecal samples were collected purposively from the study area with different ages, sex, stages, and breeds for faecal examination (sedimentation method) to diagnose eggs of Fasciola in the collected samples. The obtained data were coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle was found 15.56%. Age and sex wise prevalence was found statistically significant (P<0.05) while stage and breed wise prevalence was insignificant (P>0.05). Therefore, fasciolosis is prevalent moderately among cattle in Tillottoma municipality, which necessitates the study of detailed epidemiology of the disease and effective control strategies against it in order to prevent huge economic losses.
Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp from Chicken Meat Samples of Bharatpur, Chitwan
Authors: Thapa R. , Thapa D. B. , Chapagain A.
Published: November 2022

Bacterial contamination and high antibiotic resistance properties of broiler chicken meat are of major risk to public consumers and poultry farming. With the major objective to determine the prevalence rate of E. coli and Salmonella and their antibiotic resistance properties we conducted this cross-sectional study for the period of three months (April- July, 2018) at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total of 100 samples were collected in sterile/dry plastic bags from different shops located in the vicinity of Bharatpur, and transported to the laboratory for further processing following standard microbiological techniques. Samples  were crushed in mortar pestle followed by streaking on EMB agar and XLD agar for isolation of E. coli and Salmonella. Isolates were identified by determining their colony characters, gram staining and biochemical results. Major isolates in our study was E. coli (n=56/100; 56%) and isolation rate was higher from the fresh meat sample (n=51/70; 72.8%) and which was washed by ground water (n=63/88; 71.5%). Isolation rate of E. coli and Salmonella was not significantly associated with the areas from where the samples were collected in urban areas (for E. coli; p=0.68 and for Salmonella; p=0.50 respectively) however higher rate of isolation was seen form shop located in urban area. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that Ciprofloxacin was most effective against E. coli (n=45/56; 80.3%) and Azithromycin was effective against Salmonella, (n=9/10; 90.0%) however, both isolates showed maximum resistance over Nalidixic Acid. This study is strongly indicative of improper sanitary practices for chicken meat handling and suggests for performing antibiotics susceptibility testing against the bacteria before prescribing any antibiotics.
La arquitectura funeraria durante la época colonial en la tradición «El robo de las calaveras»
Authors: Miranda Gonzales Patricio Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

En la tradición de Ricardo Palma, «El robo de las calaveras», destaca el papel recurrente de la muerte y su influencia en las construcciones de catacumbas y criptas. Por esta razón, y haciendo honor al título de esta sección, el objetivo principal de este artículo es ofrecer una reflexión sobre la arquitectura funeraria hallada en la parte subterránea de las construcciones de carácter religioso de la época colonial, con especial detenimiento en el Convento de San Francisco. Finalmente, se dará a conocer las causas del abandono y posterior cambio de función de este tipo de construcciones en la actualidad.
Estudio del feminicidio en la tradición «Un marido feroz» de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Sánchez Rojas Jennifer Kiara
Published: November 2022

En el presente artículo, se realizará un análisis, desde el ámbito psicológico, de la tradición «Un marido feroz», que narra un feminicidio que tuvo lugar en Arequipa en el año 1841, y que se encuentra en la sección «Hilachas» de la obra Tradiciones peruanas, escrita por don Ricardo Palma. En primer lugar, nos interesa explicar qué es un feminicidio íntimo y su evolución a través de los años; a su vez, se expondrán los patrones de conducta no saludables que conllevan que una pareja o expareja sea una víctima más de esta modalidad de muerte violenta. Por otro lado, se busca educar y empoderar a la población femenina, con la intención de que estos comportamientos tóxicos cesen, evitando así que la violencia de género se siga expandiendo como lo ha hecho hasta la actualidad en nuestro país.
«Mujer y tigre»: influencia de la religión católica en la creación de expresiones coloquiales peruanas
Authors: Marín Rodríguez Jimena Alondra
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se analizará cómo el catolicismo ha influenciado en la formación de expresiones coloquiales durante el Virreinato y cómo estas siguen vigentes en la actualidad. Para ello, nos enfocaremos en la tradición «Mujer y tigre», texto en el que Ricardo Palma hace referencia a la importancia que ejerce la religión católica en la sociedad virreinal, así como su influencia en las relaciones interpersonales. En ese sentido, se identificarán los modismos en los que predominaron la fe y el culto. Finalmente, se mencionará la manera en que el credo católico ha intervenido en las formas y costumbres expresadas en dichos y refranes coloquiales relacionados al rol de la mujer durante aquella época.
Ludopatía en la tradición «Amor de madre. Crónica de la época del virrey “Brazo de Plata”» de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Jurado Urbina Danytza Mariella
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se busca describir la ludopatía que desarrolla el personaje don Fernando de Vergara en la tradición «Amor de madre. Crónica de la época del virrey “Brazo de Plata”», de Ricardo Palma. Para alcanzar y lograr este objetivo, tomaremos como referencia el análisis y los datos previstos en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-V), los mismos que nos servirán para analizar la ludopatía en el relato mencionado. Sabemos que la literatura refiere a espacios de ficcionalidad, pero muchas veces estos parten de referencias concretas; de ahí que analizar el comportamiento de un sujeto ludópata en el espacio de la literatura nos permitirá ensayar un análisis de la ludopatía desde el campo de la psicología clínica.
Análisis jurídico del matrimonio, su disolución y la distribución de la herencia en «El divorcio de la condesita» de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Aguilar Laura Xiomara Luz
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se analizará, desde una perspectiva jurídica, la tradición «El divorcio de la condesita», de Ricardo Palma, quien en este texto relata la vida de Marianita, una niña de trece años que es obligada a contraer matrimonio con el conde Dávalos, un hombre mayor de sesenta años. Posteriormente, Marianita consigue evitar la terminación cohabitacional del casamiento, escapando y refugiándose en un convento para luego interponer un juicio de divorcio, disputa que acaba con la muerte del conde y ocasiona que Marianita reciba la herencia de su difunto esposo. En ese sentido, en el presente trabajo se desarrollarán los actos jurídicos del matrimonio, su disolución y la herencia, así como las nociones sociales que se tenían de estos durante la época virreinal y los cambios que adquirieron o permanecen hasta la actualidad.
Lo mismo, pero no exactamente: hacia una subversión y resignificación del formato discursivo de las tradiciones de Ricardo Palma en las Tradiciones cuzqueñas (1884-1886) de Clorinda Matto de Turner
Authors: Mori José
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo, nos interesa reflexionar en torno a la forma en que se efectúa el procedimiento mimético de las Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma en las Tradiciones cuzqueñas (1886) de Clorinda Matto de Turner. Específicamente, nos centraremos en el análisis de las tradiciones «Un centinela de acero» y «Ccata hueqque», de la escritora cusqueña. Para ello, asumiremos un enfoque multidisciplinar sobre la base de los conceptos de dos autores: la mímesis de Homi Bhabha, desde una perspectiva retórica; y el encuadramiento de la memoria, desarrollado por Michael Pollak. Se argumenta que Clorinda Matto de Turner se apropia del género de la tradición para redefinirlo y establecer una posición estético-ideológica opuesta a la de Ricardo Palma. A partir de ello, resignifica dicho género para expresar lo no-dicho a través de una nueva representación del pasado en relación con el presente y del otro cultural indígena. Se concluye, entonces, que las dos tradiciones mencionadas implican una operación ideológica que se opone al imaginario nacional que construye Palma en sus tradiciones.
La afectación del cuerpo intestimoniable en la obra de Alberto Szpunberg
Authors: Travela Luján
Published: November 2022

Poeta y militante revolucionario vinculado a la lucha armada de los sesenta y setenta en Argentina, Alberto Szpunberg (1940-2020) abandona el país durante la última dictadura cívico-militar para sobrevivir y salvaguardar a su familia. Desde entonces, tras la experiencia del exilio y la desaparición de sus compañeros, su escritura asume la labor de dar testimonio sobre la violencia genocida ejercida por el terrorismo de Estado. A lo largo de los años, la poética de Szpunberg reelabora insistentemente un interrogante: ¿qué transformaciones en el mundo material es capaz de realizar la presencia de un cuerpo torturado hasta morir? En el presente artículo, nos detendremos en diferentes reinscripciones que hace el poeta de los vuelos de la muerte para examinar, desde la perspectiva del giro afectivo, el modo en que esta escritura configura una lírica testimonial capaz de actualizar la barbarie dictatorial y así afectar la experiencia del tiempo presente.
La madre, la monja, la escritora y la extraña: la representación femenina en América y sus mujeres de Emilia Serrano
Authors: Salas Pino Martha
Published: November 2022

Publicado en 1890, América y sus mujeres es uno de los libros de registro más importantes para (re)construir la historia de las mujeres en el continente americano. Producto de un viaje que duró alrededor de quince años, Emilia Serrano recupera los nombres de las más destacadas escritoras, periodistas, heroínas, religiosas, entre otras, que habitaron América durante el proceso de conquista hasta finales del siglo XIX. Asimismo, la escritora clasifica a estas mujeres de acuerdo con sus valores occidentales y religiosos, proponiendo un ideal de mujer que no dialoga con el espacio de la barbarie.
Brechas laborales por género de egresados de la Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato
Authors: ÁLVAREZ OROZCO Dolores Guadalupe , MÁRQUEZ VILLAGRÁN Victor Manuel , RAMÍREZ MANJARREZ Nidia Isela , RUIZ DOMÍNGUEZ Verónica Esperanza
Published: November 2022

Las mujeres tienen acceso a la educación superior, en el estado de Guanajuato, al año 2022 representan el 53.45% de los alumnos matriculados a nivel universitario (Secretaria de Educación de Guanajuato,2022), concluir formación universitaria, les permite ser competentes para desempeñar actividades laborales especializadas, sin embargo es importante indagar, si el mercado laboral ofrece acceso a trabajos dignos y bien pagados para las mujeres que han invertido su tiempo y esfuerzo en prepararse, es por esto que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las brechas laborales por género que experimentan los egresados de la Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato, esta universidad pública, se encuentra ubicada en el municipio de Cortazar  Guanajuato en México, en una zona de vocación manufacturera automotriz y agroindustrial preponderantemente. Con respecto a la metodología empleada, se trabajó bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental transeccional, se llevó a cabo durante 2021, como principales resultados se encontró la existencia de brechas salariales y modalidades de contratación, sin embargo, el nivel organizacional no mostro diferencias significativas por género.
Clinical translation of noninvasive intracranial pressure sensing with diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Tabassum Syeda , Ruesch Alexander , Acharya Deepshikha , Yang Jason , Relander Filip A. J. , Scammon Bradley , Wolf Michael S. , Rakkar Jaskaran , Clark Robert S. B. , McDowell Michael M. , Kainerstorfer Jana M.
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important therapeutic target in many critical neuropathologies. The current tools for ICP measurements are invasive; hence, these are only selectively applied in critical cases where the benefits surpass the risks. To address the need for low-risk ICP monitoring, the authors developed a noninvasive alternative.

METHODS

The authors recently demonstrated noninvasive quantification of ICP in an animal model by using morphological analysis of microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). The current prospective observational study expanded on this preclinical study by translating the method to pediatric patients. Here, the CBF features, along with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) data, were used to build a random decision forest, machine learning model for estimation of ICP; the results of this model were compared with those of invasive monitoring.

RESULTS

Fifteen patients (mean age ± SD [range] 9.8 ± 5.1 [0.3–17.5] years; median age [interquartile range] 11 [7.4] years; 10 males and 5 females) who underwent invasive neuromonitoring for any purpose were enrolled. Estimated ICP (ICPest) very closely matched invasive ICP (ICPinv), with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.01 mm Hg and 95% limit of agreement of ≤ 1.99 mm Hg for ICPinv 0.01–41.25 mm Hg. When the ICP range (ICPinv 0.01–29.05 mm Hg) was narrowed on the basis of the sample population, both RMSE and limit of agreement improved to 0.81 mm Hg and ≤ 1.6 mm Hg, respectively. In addition, 0.3% of the test samples for ICPinv ≤ 20 mm Hg and 5.4% of the test samples for ICPinv > 20 mm Hg had a limit of agreement > 5 mm Hg, which may be considered the acceptable limit of agreement for clinical validity of ICP sensing. For the narrower case, 0.1% of test samples for ICPinv ≤ 20 mm Hg and 1.1% of the test samples for ICPinv > 20 mm Hg had a limit of agreement > 5 mm Hg. Although the CBF features were crucial, the best prediction accuracy was achieved when these features were combined with MAP and HR data. Lastly, preliminary leave-one-out analysis showed model accuracy with an RMSE of 6 mm Hg and limit of agreement of ≤ 7 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors have shown that DCS may enable ICP monitoring with additional clinical validation. The lower risk of such monitoring would allow ICP to be estimated for a wide spectrum of indications, thereby both reducing the use of invasive monitors and increasing the types of patients who may benefit from ICP-directed therapies.
Risk prediction model for unsuccessful elbow flexion recovery after nerve transfer surgery in patients with brachial plexus injury
Authors: Neti Nutdanai , Laohaprasitiporn Panai , Monteerarat Yuwarat , Limthongthang Roongsak , Vathana Torpon
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE

Nerve transfer surgery has been a mainstay treatment of brachial plexus injury, with varying success rates. Patients undergoing unsuccessful surgery are left with a useless limb for at least 2 years. Preoperative prediction has become a topic of interest to avoid an unsuccessful nerve transfer surgery. This study aimed to find strong predictive factors and develop a prediction model for unsuccessful functional elbow flexion recovery 2 years after a nerve transfer surgery in patients with brachial plexus injury.

METHODS

This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 987 patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury who underwent brachial plexus surgery by five hand and microsurgery surgeons at a single tertiary care referral center from December 2001 to July 2018. Four hundred thirty-three patients were eligible for analysis. Patient demographic data, injury factors, surgical details, and postoperative factors were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify strong prognostic factors for unsuccessful nerve transfer surgery for elbow flexion. A simplified model was developed by rounding the coefficient to the nearest 0.5 score or an integer. Both original and simplified models were validated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and bootstrapping.

RESULTS

A full, original prognostic model from a stepwise backward logistic regression consisted of a BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 (p = 0.015), smoking (p = 0.046), total arm–type injury (p = 0.033), donor nerve (p < 0.001), associated upper-extremity fracture (p = 0.013), and associated ipsilateral vascular injury (p = 0.095). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the original and simplified models were 0.765 and 0.766, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good agreement of predicted and observed probability of the original (p = 0.49) and simplified (p = 0.19) models. Bootstrapping estimated an average optimism (1.9%) in the original model and minimal optimism (0.1%) in the simplified model.

CONCLUSIONS

The prediction model for failed elbow flexion recovery after nerve transfer surgery in traumatic brachial plexus injury was developed with good predictive value and internal validity. An alternative treatment, i.e., primary free functioning muscle transfer, should be offered in preoperative counseling in cases of a very high risk of failure.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELIAN BAHAN MENTAH TERHADAP TINGKAT PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN MENTAH PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) MELALUI ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY
Authors: Khusna Khanifatul , Muhsyi Abdul , Mirzania Alif
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penyusunan anggaran bahan baku baik oleh pemlik Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) maupun oleh peneliti terhadap pentingnya penerapan sistem perencanaan dan pengendalian manajemen melalui efektifitas penggunaan anggaran dalam pembelian bahan mentah atau bahan mentah sebagai input dalam kegiatan produksi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari catatan perusahaan selama satu tahun (Januari - Desember 2019) serta data primer dari wawancara dengan pemilik UMKM Percetakan Kain Kabupaten Malang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan besarnya jumlah pemesanan paling ekonomis, Safety Stock (SS), dan Re Order Point (ROP). Berdasarkan hasil metode EOQ menunjukkan jumlah pemesanan bahan mentah cat plastisol sebanyak 4.615 unit dan bremol sebanyak 3.839 unit, serta frekuensi pembelian bahan mentah cat plastisol sebanyak 1,9 kali dan bremol sebanyak 1,3 kali. Titik pemesanan kembali menurut kebijakan perusahaan tidak ada, sedangkan menurut perhitungan metode EOQ adalah sebanyak 216 kali untuk bahan mentah cat plastisol dan 117 untuk bahan mentah bremol
The DOES ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE MODERATE THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE COMPANY VALUE?
Authors: Dody hapsoro  , Jannah Lu’lu’ul
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the ability of corporate risk management disclosures to moderate the effect of capital structure on firm value. The population in this study is all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the criteria of non-financial companies that disclose enterprise risk management disclosure in 2018. The number of companies that meet the sample criteria is 386. The measurement of enterprise risk management disclosure uses checklists developed based on ISO 31000: 2009. An assessment of the extent of disclosure is made using content analysis methods. The independent variables in this research are capital structure, dependent variable is company value, and moderation variable is enterprise risk management disclosure. Data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) with Warp PLS 4.0 application. The result of research shows that capital structure has a positive and significant effect on company value. Enterprise risk management disclosure proved to moderate the effect of capital structure on company value.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KOMUNIKASI DAN BISNIS TELKOM UNIVERSITY
Authors: Aini Qurratul , Oktafani Farah
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan kewirausahaan, motivasi berwirausaha, dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Fakultas Komunikasi dan Bisnis Universitas Telkom. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan kausal. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik probability sampling dengan simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 400 berupa kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, variabel pengetahuan kewirausahaan, motivasi berwirausaha dan lingkungan keluarga termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik sebesar 42,7%.
PERSAINGAN DAN DISKRIMINASI UPAH GENDER DI INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA
Authors: Ekaningtyas Ratih maharani
Published: November 2022

Diskriminasi upah gender merujuk pada rendahnya upah perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki yang setara produktivitasnya. Dalam model ekonomi, perilaku diskriminasi menimbulkan suatu biaya tambahan bagi perusahaan. Untuk mengompensasi biaya tersebut, perusahaan yang berperilaku diskriminatif terhadap perempuan akan mengatur upah perempuan lebih rendah daripada upah laki-laki. Pengaturan upah hanya dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang berada dalam pasar persaingan tidak sempurna. Dengan kata lain, semakin pasar mendekati persaingan tidak sempurna, diskriminasi upah gender semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji prediksi teori tersebut di industri manufaktur Indonesia tahun 2000, 2004, 2009, dan 2014. Diskriminasi upah gender diestimasi dengan cara mendekomposisi persamaan upah menggunakan data pekerja dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional. Persaingan pasar diproksi dengan rasio konsentrasi 4 perusahaan terbesar menggunakan data perusahaan dari Survei Industri Besar Sedang. Satuan analisis yaitu sektor 3 digit Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia. Hasil uji empiris menunjukkan bahwa rasio konsentrasi bernilai positif signifikan terhadap diskriminasi upah gender. Hasil ini sesuai dengan prediksi teoritis.
URGENSI PENDIDIKAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ENTREPRENEUR MAHASISWA
Authors: Margahana Helisia
Published: November 2022

Keterbatasan lapangan kerja di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah utama yang harus diatasi oleh pemerintah. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk membantu masyarakat telah dilakukan, namun hasilnya tetap tidak berhasil. Angka kemiskinan dan pengangguran masih belum bisa diturunkan, pengangguran di setiap jenjang pendidikan terus meningkat. Mengubah pola pikir masyarakat dari pencari kerja menjadi pencipta kerja sangatlah sulit. Tidak mungkin perubahan bisa dilakukan dengan cepat, perubahan harus dilakukan perlahan-lahan dan juga harus dicontoh, oleh karena itu mahasiswa sebagai calon pemimpin harus menjadi penggerak dalam menumbuhkan jiwa dan jiwa kewirausahaan. Pendidikan kewirausahaan sangat penting diterapkan di semua perguruan tinggi karena dengan menjadi wirausaha masalah ekonomi dapat teratasi. Pendidikan kewirausahaan diharapkan dapat mengubah pola pikir peserta didik dari pencari kerja menjadi pencipta lapangan kerja sehingga dapat membantu pemerintah dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan, dan pada akhirnya cita-cita kita untuk menjadi negara maju dapat tercapai. Oleh karena itu pendidikan kewirausahaan sangat urgen dalam pembentukan karakter mahasiswa wirausaha.
The 1942 Film Wake Island: Features of the Propaganda and Visualisation of World War II in the United States
Authors: Buranok Sergey
Published: November 2022

In contemporary studies in war history, the study of the specifics of the discourse in question is a fairly popular area of research. The evolution of the process of visualisation and mythologisation of World War II in American cinematography is analysed using the methods of historical imagology. It is hard to grasp the peculiarities of the evolution of and interaction between US cinema and propaganda without exploring the basic principles, methods, mechanisms, and tools of this process. The main research goal is to establish the features and methods of propaganda used in the film Wake Island. Wake Island combines old and new methods of war propaganda and visualisation. Wake Island is a good example of the early evolution of both US state propaganda through cinema and the development of the visual image of World War II, which was influenced by both the social mythology associated with the US historical past and foreign policy failures, such as the collapse of US-Japan negotiations in 1941, the attack on Pearl-Harbor, and the defeat in the Battle of Guam in December 1941, as well as socio-economic changes in the country. The film Wake Island created a new image of the Marine: a universal hero for a series of films from 1942–1945.
Italian Catholic Chaplains on the Eastern Front during World War II: Perception of Soviet Reality, Military Realities, and Apostolate in the Territories Occupied by Italy
Authors: Tokareva Evgenia
Published: November 2022

The author focuses on the role of Catholic chaplains accompanying Italian troops on the Eastern Front between 1941 and 1943. It draws on the memoirs, diaries, letters and reports of the chaplains, including direct reports sent by them to the Holy See during the war, which only became available to scholars in March 2020 when the Vatican archives relating to the pontificate of Pius XII (1939–1958) were unsealed. This subject has never been addressed in Russian historiography and has been barely explored in Italian studies. The aim of this article is to analyse the information relayed by chaplains about the territories where the Italian army was deployed, the situation of the local population, including people of different nationalities, the religious situation on the occupied territories, the actions of the armed forces (mainly Italian and German) and the activities of chaplains themselves, including not only the spiritual care of the Italian troops, but also the administration of sacraments and the holding of religious services for the local population. Newly discovered sources make it possible to understand how the chaplains saw life among the local population in the territories occupied by Italian troops, whether the Vatican was aware of the real situation, and to infer what the Vatican tried or intended to do for the apostolic work of the military chaplains in the Soviet Union.
CSTO and Problems of Regional Security in the Eurasian Space (to the 30th Anniversary of the Collective Security Treaty)
Authors: Pivovar Efim
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to analyse the activities of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and its role in the history of contemporary international relations in the post-Soviet space, within which comprehensive security cooperation is developing. The authors note that the organisation, formed in the 1990s, has evolved into a multifunctional and multifaceted organisation with both a strong legal basis and a wide range of structures and direct instruments to address the challenges faced by the CSTO. They analyse the key documents that have shaped the development of the organisation, the similarities and differences in the positions of its members towards its activities, and the effectiveness of the peacekeeping activities of the CSTO.
They emphasise that despite significant progress in the development of the CSTO, its activities are beset by a number of problems related to the different foreign policy orientations of the member states, the influence of non-regional actors, conflicts in the post-Soviet space, and a number of other aspects. Nevertheless, they conclude that at present the CSTO is the only security mechanism in the post-Soviet space that has passed the test of its ability to collectively respond to threats, and its development has been one of the priorities of Russian foreign policy in the region.
“He Was a Friend of Our Fatherland”: the Personal Image and Role of Li Hong-Zhang as a Signatory of the Shimonoseki and Moscow Treaties of 1895–1896 (Russian Perception)
Authors: Valentin Ts. Golovachev
Published: November 2022

The Qing Empire dignitary Li Hong-zhang was one of the main protagonists of the events and the official signatory of both treaties on behalf of China. While Li’s mission in 1895 in Shimonoseki was “to seal with his signature the peace, shameful for his Fatherland”, his visit to Russia in 1896 became an honorable mission. Li managed it brilliantly, signing an allied Defense Treaty with Russia, including agreement on construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER). Considering the 125 years long discussions, we present the “Russian perception” on the essence, nature and significance of these agreements, along with personal image and role of Li. Russian experts have different assessments of the 1896 “Moscow Treaty”. Some experts believe that equal treaty is impossible between unequal parties. Others say it was not unequal, as it did not give Russia any special privileges or infringe on China's sovereignty. It contained no statements “humiliating” China. It was equal agreement of two states, ready to “support each other” if “any attack by Japan occurs, both on Russian territory in East Asia, and on territory of China or Korea”. The CER’s construction was mutually beneficial too. Li initially sought for fulfillment of the Russian-Chinese alliance. Being removed to Guangdong in August 1898 Li couldn’t control the situation, and after his return to Beijing in August 1900, the Treaty was already discredited by the controversial actions of both parties. However, both goals of the “Moscow Treaty” (construction of the CER and protecting China from the repeated Japanese intrusion) were eventually realized.
Strategic priorities of the DRV and the US during the Second Indochina War
Authors: Kolotov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the strategic priorities of the DRV and the United States at the turning point and final stages of the Vietnam War. In the American army and historiography during the war and later an understanding of the origins of the Vietnamese strategy was not formed. First of all, the influence of Sun Tzu's treatise modernized by Ho Chi Minh was not taken into account. These approaches were creatively used by the Vietnamese command not only against the French, but also against the Americans during the war with the United States. Traditional Vietnamese strategic approaches created an effective counter-strategy against the American “search and destroy” strategy. Hanoi adopted a protracted war strategy for which the United States was unprepared. Accurate consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of both sides allowed Hanoi to seize the strategic initiative and implement a significant part of their schemes in an asymmetric war with a stronger enemy and finally achieve the withdrawal of American troops. In their struggle against the United States, the DRV skillfully and creatively used not only Soviet military equipment and the methods of its use in combat, but also the fundamental strategic principles of Sun Tzu, adapted to the conditions of modern warfare. After the Tet Offensive other strategic offensive operations followed again and again. From January 1968 to the spring of 1975, Hanoi carried out 5 major offensive operations in South Vietnam, which led to the defeat of the United States in the war.
Chinggisid and Persian Office Culture in the Work of Muhammad Nakhchivani “Dastur al-katib”
Authors: Abzalov Lenar
Published: November 2022

Based on analysis of samples of yarliqs from the Persian medieval treatise “Dastur al-Katib” by Muhammad Nahchivani, the article reveals the peculiarities of the interaction of Persian and Chinggisid chancellery traditions preserved in the state of Jalairids. The aim of the study is to consider the correlation of local Persian, Muslim traditions of office work and office culture of the Chinggisid and post-Chinggisid states in the process of documenting power decisions. The objectives of the study are to determine the structure of the yarliq samples presented in “Dastur al-katib”, compare them with the forms of Chinggisid act materials, as well as to determine the degree of influence of Chinggisid chancellery rules on the Persian chancellery traditions. The source base consists primarily of samples of yarliqs, as well as other materials from “Dastur al-Katib”, other medieval sources about Mongol Iran and other Chinggisid states, including the writings of Rashid al-Din etc., the materials of medieval Chinggisid chancelleries. In the study, the authors use source studies, diplomatic and comparative historical methods. The analysis of these materials indicates that the Hulaguids, thanks to their military and political power, managed to introduce the Chinggisid canons proper into the chancellery practice of Iran, which turned out to be very stable and persisted even after the fall of the Ilkhans’ power. Muhammad Hindushakh organically connects the Jalayirs with the Hulaguids and builds this connection to Genghis Khan, which allows us to consider his work as one of the most recent monuments of Mongol imperial ideology. The authors conclude that in Iran in 13–14 cc. the old Persian chancellery tradition and Chinggisid chancellery norms coexisted, and the latter symbolized the dominance of the ruling dynasty and adherence to political traditions laid down by Chinggis Khan.
Assessments by modern English-speaking historians of the policy of the Comintern in Africa
Authors: Suzdaltsev Ilya
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the modern English-language historiography of the policy of the Communist International towards the African region. The choice of English-speaking countries is due to the fact that a significant number of studies devoted both directly to the activities of the Comintern in relation to Africa and the activities of its African sections are published in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa and India. The relevance of this topic is caused both by the opening of new funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), which, among other things, affect the activities of African communist parties, and the opportunity that arose in connection with this to rethink some issues, including those related to the policy of these communist parties: what was the influence of the Comintern on their tactics; what was the nature of this influence; what role in the policy of the Comintern was occupied by the national and colonial questions and what are the results of their implementation. It is stated that the traditionalist approach to the analysis of the activities of the Comintern and its national sections, which took shape before and during the Cold War, is still significantly represented in English-language historiography. However, the final approval of the new approach (“revisionist”) contributed to a certain revision of existing trends: the article contains assessments of both negative and positive influence of the Comintern on individual communist parties, on the political situation in a country or region.
The Traditional Culture of Dogon (Mali) in the Context of Islamic Civilization.
Authors: Kutsenkov Piotr A.
Published: November 2022

The article examines the phenomenon of the penetration of elements of pre-Islamic decor into the architecture of mosques in the Dogon Country (Mali). In the case of Dogon architecture, one can observe a very peculiar version of the interaction of traditional culture with Islam. In itself, the use of forms and types of architectural structures traditional for the given territory is well known - it is enough to recall the Ottoman mosques. With the Dogon, the situation is different: the architecture of mosques reproduces not just the decor of a building directly related to traditional religion, but precisely those details of it that are associated with the worship of "idols", or fetishes. Similar incidents were recorded in other areas of Dogon modern traditional culture. A typical example is the prophet Amabir (Amabirɛ, “Creation of the Lord”, abbreviated as Abirɛ) Goro (Goro), who owns the prophecy that some day or other the Dogon will return to the Mande Country. The Dogon consider Amabire, and not Muhammad, the "last prophet" and connect the legend about him with the history of Islam in Mali. These cases indicate the penetration of pagan elements into Muslim architecture, as well as the penetration of Islam into pagan folklore and a clear desire to link them with each other. So this is evidence of the synthesis of Islam and traditional culture: pagan elements of Dogon heritage are no longer recognized as such, and Islamic elements are not identified by the Dogon only with religion.
Institutional Solutions for the Post-conflict Development of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Litvinova Tatiana
Published: November 2022

The article reveals the institutional solutions for the Chechen conflict and post-conflict development of the Republic within the Russian Federation. The author conducts a retrospective, event- and normative analysis of the stages of the Chechen conflict, when political actors (federal center and ethnic elites) tested various institutional decisions, each time adopting new “rules of the game”: 1) the period of institutional uncertainty from the “Chechen revolution” of 1991 to the dissolution of the first Parliament by Dzhokhar Dudayev in mid-1993; 2) the period of "temporary sorting model" - the search for a Chechen leader alternative to Dudayev for negotiations with Moscow, ended with the signing of a Peace Treaty with Aslan Maskhadov and then his attempt to create an Islamic state on the territory of Chechnya; 3) the stake on Akhmad Kadyrov as a consistent opponent of Wahhabism, who made a turn towards loyalty to the federal Center. At present, stability in post-conflict Chechnya is determined by the following institutional decisions: the constitutional model of Russian federalism, the republic's subsidized dependence on the Center, the integration of the republic's executive and legislative into a vertically hierarchized state system. But along with formal institutions in Chechnya, there are social practices that depend on the socio-historical context (clannishness, adherence to traditional Islamic values), supported by the influential Head of the Republic Ramzan Kadyrov. The spread of traditional socio-political practices shows the possibility of the formation the new gaps between secular society and the political system of modern Russia and the Chechen Republic.
REPEATED KERNELS OF THE GREEN’S FUNCTION OF PARABOLIC SHILOV EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS AND NEGATIVE GENUS
Authors: Litovchenko V. , Kharyna D.
Published: November 2022

The concept of parabolicity by Shilov generalizes the concept of parabolicity by Petrovsky of equations with partial derivatives and leads to a signiﬁcant expansion of the known Petrovsky class with those parabolic equations, the order of which may not coincide with the parabolicity index. Generally speaking, such an extension deprives of the parabolic stability сoncerning the change of the coeﬃcients of parabolic Shilov equations, which is inherent to the Petrovsky class equations. As a result, signiﬁcant diﬃculties arise in the study of the Cauchy problem for parabolic Shilov equations with variable coeﬃcients. In the 60s of the last century, Y.I. Zhytomyrsky deﬁned a special class of parabolic Shilov equations, which extends the Shilov class and at the same time is parabolically resistant to changes in the junior coeﬃcients. For this class, by the method of successive approximations, he established the correct solvability of the Cauchy problem in the class of bounded initial functions of ﬁnite smoothness. However, to obtain more general results, it is important to know the Green’s function of the Cauchy problem.
In this publication, for parabolic Shilov equations with bounded smooth variable coeﬃcients and negative genus, estimates of repeated kernels of the Green’s function of the Cauchy problem are established, which allow us to investigate the properties of the density of volume potential of this function. These results are important for the development of the Cauchy problem theory for parabolic Shilov equations by classical means of the Green’s function.
OPTIMAL CONTROL IN THE MULTIPOINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR 2B-PARABOLIC EQUATIONS
Authors: Pukalskyi I. , Luste I.
Published: November 2022

The potential theory method was used to study the existence of a solution of a multi-
point boundary value problem for a 2b-parabolic equation. Using the Green’s function of a
homogeneous boundary value problem for a 2b-parabolic equation, the integral Fredholm equation of the second kind is placed in accordance with the multipoint boundary value problem.
Taking into account the constraints on the coeﬃcients of the nonlocal condition and using the
sequential approximation method, an integrated image of the solution of the nonlocal problem
at the initial moment of time and its estimation in the Holder spaces are found. Estimates of
the solution of a nonlocal multipoint boundary value problem at ﬁxed moments of time given in
a nonlocal condition are found by means of estimates of the components of the Green’s function of the general boundary value problem for the 2b-parabolic equation. Taking into account
the obtained estimates and constraints on coeﬃcients in multipoint problem, estimates of the
solution of the multipoint problem for the 2b-parabolic equations and its derivatives in Holder
spaces are established. In addition, the uniqueness and integral image of the solution of the
general multipoint problem for 2b-parabolic equations is justiﬁed. The obtained result is applied to the study of the optimal system control problem described by the general multipoint
boundary value problem for 2b-parabolic equations. The case of simultaneous internal, initial
and boundary value control of solutions to a multipoint parabolic boundary value problem is
considered. The quality criterion is deﬁned by the sum of volume and surface integrals. The
necessary and suﬃcient conditions for the existence of an optimal solution of the system described by the general multipoint boundary value problem for 2b-parabolic equations with limited
internal, initial and boundary value control are established.