bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Peak Torque Differences between Vegetarian and Omnivore Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lynch Heidi , Wharton Christopher , Johnston Carol
Published: November 2016

In spite of well-documented health benefits of vegetarian diets, less is known regarding the effects of these diets on athletic performance. In this cross-sectional study, we compared elite vegetarian and omnivore adult endurance athletes for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and strength. Twenty-seven vegetarian (VEG) and 43 omnivore (OMN) athletes were evaluated using VO2 max testing on the treadmill, and strength assessment using a dynamometer to determine peak torque for leg extensions. Dietary data were assessed using detailed seven-day food logs. Although total protein intake was lower among vegetarians in comparison to omnivores, protein intake as a function of body mass did not differ by group (1.2 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg body mass for VEG and OMN respectively, p = 0.220). VO2 max differed for females by diet group (53.0 ± 6.9 and 47.1 ± 8.6 mL/kg/min for VEG and OMN respectively, p < 0.05) but not for males (62.6 ± 15.4 and 55.7 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min respectively). Peak torque did not differ significantly between diet groups. Results from this study indicate that vegetarian endurance athletes’ cardiorespiratory fitness was greater than that for their omnivorous counterparts, but that peak torque did not differ between diet groups. These data suggest that vegetarian diets do not compromise performance outcomes and may facilitate aerobic capacity in athletes.
The Influence of Solid Microneedles on the Transdermal Delivery of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Nguyen Julia , Ita Kevin , Morra Matthew , Popova Inna
Published: November 2016

The aim of this project was to examine the effect of microneedle rollers on the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride and carbamazepine across porcine skin in vitro. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent G1969A TOF-MS system. Transdermal flux values of the drugs were determined from the steady-state portion of the cumulative amount versus time curves. Following twelve hours of microneedle roller application, there was a 6.74-fold increase in the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride (86.42 ± 25.66 µg/cm2/h) compared to passive delivery (12.83 ± 6.30 µg/cm2/h). For carbamazepine in 20% ethanol, passive transdermal flux of 7.85 ± 0.60 µg/cm2/h was observed compared to 10.85 ± 0.11 µg/cm2/h after microneedle treatment. Carbamazepine reconstituted in 30% ethanol resulted in only a 1.19-fold increase in drug permeation across porcine skin (36.73 ± 1.83 µg/cm2/h versus 30.74 ± 1.32 µg/cm2/h). Differences in flux values of untreated and microneedle-treated porcine skin using solid microneedles for the transdermal delivery of tiagabine were statistically significant. Although there were 1.38- and 1.19-fold increases in transdermal flux values of carbamazepine when applied as 20% and 30% ethanol solutions across microneedle-treated porcine skin, respectively, the increases were not statistically significant.
Fabrication of a Miniature Paper-Based Electroosmotic Actuator
Authors: Sritharan Deepa , Smela Elisabeth
Published: November 2016

A voltage-controlled hydraulic actuator is presented that employs electroosmotic fluid flow (EOF) in paper microchannels within an elastomeric structure. The microfluidic device was fabricated using a new benchtop lamination process. Flexible embedded electrodes were formed from a conductive carbon-silicone composite. The pores in the layer of paper placed between the electrodes served as the microchannels for EOF, and the pumping fluid was propylene carbonate. A sealed fluid-filled chamber was formed by film-casting silicone to lay an actuating membrane over the pumping liquid. Hydraulic force generated by EOF caused the membrane to bulge by hundreds of micrometers within fractions of a second. Potential applications of these actuators include soft robots and biomedical devices.
Optical Measuring Methods for the Investigation of High-Pressure Homogenisation
Authors: Bisten Ariane , Schuchmann Heike
Published: November 2016

High-pressure homogenisation is a commonly used technique to produce emulsions with droplets in the micro to nano scale. Due to the flow field in the homogenizer, stresses are transferred to the interface between droplets and continuous phase. Cohesive forces within droplets interact with external stresses. To exceed the cohesive forces, high process pressures are necessary, which might cause a complex flow pattern and large flow velocities. Additionally, the pressure drop can induce cavitation. Inline measurements are a challenge, but necessary to understand droplet break-up in a high-pressure homogenizer. Recently, different optical methods have been used to investigate the flow conditions as well as the droplet deformation and break-up in high-pressure homogenisation, such as high speed imaging, particle and micro particle image velocimetry. In this review, those optical measuring methods are considered critically in their applications and limitations, achievable results and further developments.
An Alternative Quality Control Technique for Mineral Chemistry Analysis of Portland Cement-Grade Limestone Using Shortwave Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zaini Nasrullah , Van der Meer Freek , Van Ruitenbeek Frank , De Smeth Boudewijn , Amri Fadli , Lievens Caroline
Published: November 2016

Shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy can be applied directly to analyze the mineral chemistry of raw or geologic materials. It provides diagnostic spectral characteristics of the chemical composition of minerals, information that is invaluable for the identification and quality control of such materials. The present study aims to investigate the potential of SWIR spectroscopy as an alternative quality control technique for the mineral chemistry analysis of Portland cement-grade limestone. We used the spectroscopic (wavelength position and depth of absorption feature) and geochemical characteristics of limestone samples to estimate the abundance and composition of carbonate and clay minerals on rock surfaces. The depth of the carbonate (CO3) and Al-OH absorption features are linearly correlated with the contents of CaO and Al2O3 in the samples, respectively, as determined by portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) measurements. Variations in the wavelength position of CO3 and Al-OH absorption features are related to changes in the chemical compositions of the samples. The results showed that the dark gray and light gray limestone samples are better suited for manufacturing Portland cement clinker than the dolomitic limestone samples. This finding is based on the CaO, MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 concentrations and compositions. The results indicate that SWIR spectroscopy is an appropriate approach for the chemical quality control of cement raw materials.
Image Based Mango Fruit Detection, Localisation and Yield Estimation Using Multiple View Geometry
Authors: Stein Madeleine , Bargoti Suchet , Underwood James
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a novel multi-sensor framework to efficiently identify, track, localise and map every piece of fruit in a commercial mango orchard. A multiple viewpoint approach is used to solve the problem of occlusion, thus avoiding the need for labour-intensive field calibration to estimate actual yield. Fruit are detected in images using a state-of-the-art faster R-CNN detector, and pair-wise correspondences are established between images using trajectory data provided by a navigation system. A novel LiDAR component automatically generates image masks for each canopy, allowing each fruit to be associated with the corresponding tree. The tracked fruit are triangulated to locate them in 3D, enabling a number of spatial statistics per tree, row or orchard block. A total of 522 trees and 71,609 mangoes were scanned on a Calypso mango orchard near Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, with 16 trees counted by hand for validation, both on the tree and after harvest. The results show that single, dual and multi-view methods can all provide precise yield estimates, but only the proposed multi-view approach can do so without calibration, with an error rate of only 1.36% for individual trees.
Polypyrrole Nanotubes and Their Carbonized Analogs: Synthesis, Characterization, Gas Sensing Properties
Authors: Kopecká Jitka , Mrlík Miroslav , Olejník Robert , Kopecký Dušan , Vrňata Martin , Prokeš Jan , Bober Patrycja , Morávková Zuzana , Trchová Miroslava , Stejskal Jaroslav
Published: November 2016

Polypyrrole (PPy) in globular form and as nanotubes were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in the absence and presence of methyl orange, respectively. They were subsequently converted to nitrogen-containing carbons at 650 °C in an inert atmosphere. The course of carbonization was followed by thermogravimetric analysis and the accompanying changes in molecular structure by Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Both the original and carbonized materials have been tested in sensing of polar and non-polar organic vapors. The resistivity of sensing element using globular PPy was too high and only nanotubular PPy could be used. The sensitivity of the PPy nanotubes to ethanol vapors was nearly on the same level as that of their carbonized analogs (i.e., ~18% and 24%, respectively). Surprisingly, there was a high sensitivity of PPy nanotubes to the n-heptane vapors (~110%), while that of their carbonized analog remained at ~20%. The recovery process was significantly faster for carbonized PPy nanotubes (in order of seconds) compared with 10 s of seconds for original nanotubes, respectively, due to higher specific surface area after carbonization.
MEMS Inertial Sensors-Based Multi-Loop Control Enhanced by Disturbance Observation and Compensation for Fast Steering Mirror System
Authors: Deng Chao , Mao Yao , Ren Ge
Published: November 2016

In this paper, an approach to improve the disturbance suppression performance of a fast steering mirror (FSM) tracking control system based on a charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors is proposed. The disturbance observation and compensation (DOC) control method is recommended to enhance the classical multi-loop feedback control (MFC) for line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization in the FSM system. MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes have been used in the FSM system tentatively to implement MFC instead of fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG) because of its smaller, lighter, cheaper features and gradually improved performance. However, the stabilization performance of FSM is still suffering a large number of mechanical resonances and time delay induced by a low CCD sampling rate, which causes insufficient error attenuation when suffering uncertain disturbances. Thus, in order to make further improvements on the stabilization performance, a cascaded MFC enhanced by DOC method is proposed. The sensitivity of this method shows the significant improvement of the conventional MFC system. Simultaneously, the analysis of stabilization accuracy is also presented. A series of comparative experimental results demonstrate the disturbance suppression performance of the FSM control system based on the MEMS inertial sensors can be effectively improved by the proposed approach.
Dynamic Coupling Analysis of Urbanization and Water Resource Utilization Systems in China
Authors: Ma Hailiang , Chou Nan-Ting , Wang Lei
Published: November 2016

While urbanization brings economic and social benefits, it also causes water pollution and other environmental ecological problems. This paper provides a theoretical framework to quantitatively analyze the dynamic relationship between water resource utilization and the process of urbanization. Using data from Jiangsu province, we first construct indices to evaluate urbanization and water resource utilization. We then adopt an entropy model to examine the correlation between urbanization and water resource utilization. In addition, we introduce a dynamic coupling model to analyze and predict the coupling degree between urbanization and water resource utilization. Our analyses show that pairing with rising urbanization during 2002–2014, the overall index of water resource utilization in Jiangsu province has experienced a “decline -rise-decline” trend. Specifically, after the index of water resource utilization reached its lowest point in 2004, it gradually began to rise. Water resource utilization reached its highest value in 2010. The coupling degree between urbanization and water resource utilization was relatively low in 2002 and 2003 varying between −90° and 0°. It has been rising since then. Out-of-sample forecasts indicate that the coupling degree will reach its highest value of 74.799° in 2016, then will start to gradually decline. Jiangsu province was chosen as our studied area because it is one of the selected pilot provinces for China’s economic reform and social development. The analysis of the relationship between provincial water resource utilization and urbanization is essential to the understanding of the dynamic relationship between these two systems. It also serves as an important input for developing national policies for sustainable urbanization and water resource management.
Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol via Glycosylation Represents Novel Insights on Antagonistic Activities of Trichoderma when Confronted with Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Tian Ye , Tan Yanglan , Liu Na , Yan Zheng , Liao Yucai , Chen Jie , De Saeger Sarah , Yang Hua , Zhang Qiaoyan , Wu Aibo
Published: November 2016

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by the Fusarium graminearum complex, which are important phytopathogens that can infect crops and lead to a serious disease called Fusarium head blight (FHB). As the most common B type trichothecene mycotoxin, DON has toxic effects on animals and humans, which poses a risk to food security. Thus, efforts have been devoted to control DON contamination in different ways. Management of DON production by Trichoderma strains as a biological control-based strategy has drawn great attention recently. In our study, eight selected Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their antagonistic activities on F. graminearum by dual culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. As potential antagonists, Trichoderma strains showed prominent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and mycotoxin production of F. graminearum. In addition, the modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), which was once regarded as a detoxification product of DON in plant defense, was detected when Trichoderma were confronted with F. graminearum. The occurrence of D3G in F. graminearum and Trichoderma interaction was reported for the first time, and these findings provide evidence that Trichoderma strains possess a self-protection mechanism as plants to detoxify DON into D3G when competing with F. graminearum.
Comparison of In-Solution Biorecognition Properties of Aptamers against Ochratoxin A
Authors: McKeague Maureen , Velu Ranganathan , De Girolamo Annalisa , Valenzano Stefania , Pascale Michelangelo , Smith McKenzie , DeRosa Maria
Published: November 2016

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced as a secondary metabolite by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium and frequently found as a natural contaminant in a wide range of food commodities. Novel and robust biorecognition agents for detecting this molecule are required. Aptamers are artificial nucleic acid ligands able to bind with high affinity and specificity to a given target molecule. In the last few years, three separate research groups have selected aptamers for ochratoxin A. While each of these three families of aptamers have been incorporated into various methods for detecting OTA, it is unclear if each aptamer candidate is better suited for a particular application. Here, we perform the first head-to-head comparison of solution-based binding parameters for these groups of aptamers. Based on our results, we provide recommendations for the appropriate choice of aptamer for incorporation into solution-based biorecognition assays and applications.
Enhancement of Activated Sludge Dewaterability by Using Filamentous Fungi as Bioadditives
Authors: López Zavala Miguel , Ramos Patlán Jorge
Published: November 2016

In this study, the dewaterability of activated sludge inoculated with spores of two filamentous fungi (Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae) was evaluated. The reduction of capillary suction time (CST) and the increase of sludge solids content were used as parameters to assess the dewaterability of the sludge. Furthermore, the transformation of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the sludge during the fungal conditioning and the interaction of microbial and fungal populations were addressed. Fungal conditioning reduced the CST by 25% and increased the sludge solids content by 16%, denoting the enhancement of the sludge dewaterability. The optimum fungal conditioning time was three to four days. Fungi hydrolyzed the sludge EPS, allowing the release of water from the flocs matrix. Fungal conditioning increased the fungal and microbial communities. Furthermore, the increase of the fungal population augmented the hydrolytic activity of enzymes over the sludge EPS, enhancing the water release and consequently the dewaterability of the activated sludge.
Influence of Inorganic Ions and Organic Substances on the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Compound in Water Matrix
Authors: Kudlek Edyta , Dudziak Mariusz , Bohdziewicz Jolanta
Published: November 2016

The paper determined the influence of inorganic substances and high-molecular organic compounds on the decomposition of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine in the process of photocatalysis conducted with the presence of Titanium dioxide (TiO2). It was determined that the presence of such ions as CO 3 2 − , HCO 3 − , HPO 4 2 − as well as SO 4 2 − inhibited the decomposition of carbamazepine, whereas the efficiency of diclofenac degradation was decreased only by the presence of CO 3 2 − and HCO 3 − anions. In case of ibuprofen sodium salt (IBU), all investigated anions influenced the increase in its decomposition rate. The process of pharmaceutical photooxidation conducted in suspensions with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations was characterized by a significantly decreased efficiency when compared to the solution deprived of inorganic compounds. The addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ affected the increase of reaction rate constant value of diclofenac and ibuprofen decomposition. On the other hand, high molecular organic compounds present in the model effluent additionally catalysed the degradation process of pharmaceutical compounds and constituted an additional sorbent that enabled to decrease their concentration. Toxicological analysis conducted in deionized water with pharmaceutical compounds’ patterns proved the production of by-products from oxidation and/or reduction of micropollutants, which was not observed for model effluent irradiation.
How does reproductive strategy influence demography? A case study in the tropical, unisexual epiphyllous moss Crossomitrium patrisiae
Authors: Alvarenga Lisi D. P. , Pôrto Kátia C. , Coelho Maria L. P. , Zartman Charles E.
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Leaf‐inhabiting organisms offer an experimentally tractable model system within which to investigate the influence of alternative reproductive strategies on plant metapopulation dynamics. We conducted a field study to determine whether (1) threshold colony sizes exist for the onset of sexual and asexual expression, and (2) alternative reproductive strategies differentially influence within‐patch dynamics of the tropical pleurocarpous moss Crossomitrium patrisiae.

METHODS:

The growth, reproduction, and fate of 2101 colonies of C. patrisiae were followed over 2 years to investigate threshold size and age for sporophyte and brood branch formation and their influence on within‐patch growth rates and longevity.

KEY RESULTS:

Asexual expression rather than sexual onset was limited by a minimal colony size. Age was uncoupled with threshold sizes. Colonies bearing brood branches survived nearly twice as long as sterile and solely sporophytic colonies. However, no effect of reproductive strategies on colony growth rates was found.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study is among the few attempts to correlate life history strategies with demographic parameters of terrestrial plants. Specifically, we provide evidence for differential influence of reproductive strategies on metapopulation survivorship.
Combined experimental and theoretical studies of regio- and stereoselectivity in reactions of β-isoxazolyl- and β-imidazolyl enamines with nitrile oxides
Authors: Efimov Ilya V , Shafikov Marsel Z , Beliaev Nikolai A , Volkova Natalia N , Beryozkina Tetyana V , Dehaen Wim , Fan Zhijin , Grishko Viktoria V , Lubec Gert , Slepukhin Pavel A , Bakulev Vasiliy A
Published: November 2016

Reactions of β-azolyl enamines and nitrile oxides were studied by both experimental and theoretical methods. (E)-β-(4-Nitroimidazol-5-yl), (5-nitroimidazol-4-yl) and isoxazol-5-yl enamines smoothly react regioselectively at room temperature in dioxane solution with aryl, pyridyl, and cyclohexylhydroxamoyl chlorides without a catalyst or a base to form 4-azolylisoxazoles as the only products in good yields. The intermediate 4,5-dihydroisoxazolines were isolated as trans isomers during the reaction of (E)-β-imidazol-4-yl enamines with aryl and cyclohexylhydroxamoyl chlorides. Stepwise and concerted pathways for the reaction of β-azolyl enamines with hydroxamoyl chlorides were considered and studied at the B3LYP/Def2-TZVP level of theory combined with D3BJ dispersion correction. The reactions of benzonitrile oxide with both E- and Z-imidazolyl enamines have been shown to proceed stereoselectively to form trans- and cis-isoxazolines, respectively. The preference of E-isomers over Z-isomers, driven by the higher stability of the former, apparently controls the stereoselectivity of the investigated cycloaddition reaction with benzonitrilе oxide. Based on the reactivity of azolyl enamines towards hydroxamoyl chlorides, a novel, effective catalyst-free method was elaborated to prepare 4-azolyl-5-substituted isoxazoles that are otherwise difficult to obtain.
Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles
Authors:   RTI International, Barrus Daniel , Capogrossi Kristen , Cates Sheryl , Gourdet Camille , Peiper Nicholas , Novak Scott , Lefever Timothy , Wiley Jenny
Published: November 2016

Food products containing cannabis extract (edibles) have emerged as a popular and lucrative facet of the legalized market for both recreational and medicinal cannabis. The many formulations of cannabis extracts used in edibles present a unique regulatory challenge for policy makers. Though edibles are often considered a safe, discreet, and effective means of attaining the therapeutic and/or intoxicating effects of cannabis without exposure to the potentially harmful risks of cannabis smoking, little research has evaluated how ingestion differs from other methods of cannabis administration in terms of therapeutic efficacy, subjective effects, and safety. The most prominent difference between ingestion and inhalation of cannabis extracts is the delayed onset of drug effect with ingestion. Consumers often do not understand this aspect of edible use and may consume a greater than intended amount of drug before the drug has taken effect, often resulting in profoundly adverse effects. Written for the educated layperson and for policy makers, this paper explores the current state of research regarding edibles, highlighting the promises and challenges that edibles present to both users and policy makers, and describes the approaches that four states in which recreational cannabis use is legal have taken regarding regulating edibles.
PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS AND RADIATIVE FEEDBACK FROM MASSIVE STARS. II. FEEDBACK, STAR-FORMATION EFFICIENCY, AND OUTFLOW BROADENING
Authors: Kuiper Rolf , Turner Neal J. , Yorke Harold W.
Published: November 2016

We perform two-dimensional axially symmetric radiation hydrodynamic simulations to assess the impact of outflows and radiative force feedback from massive protostars by varying when the protostellar outflow starts, and to determine the ratio of ejection to accretion rates and the strength of the wide-angle disk wind component. The star-formation efficiency, i.e., the ratio of final stellar mass to initial core mass, is dominated by radiative forces and the ratio of outflow to accretion rates. Increasing this ratio has three effects. First, the protostar grows slower with a lower luminosity at any given time, lowering radiative feedback. Second, bipolar cavities cleared by the outflow become larger, further diminishing radiative feedback on disk and core scales. Third, the higher momentum outflow sweeps up more material from the collapsing envelope, decreasing the protostar's potential mass reservoir via entrainment. The star-formation efficiency varies with the ratio of ejection to accretion rates from 50% in the case of very weak outflows to as low as 20% for very strong outflows. At latitudes between the low-density bipolar cavity and the high-density accretion disk, wide-angle disk winds remove some of the gas, which otherwise would be part of the accretion flow onto the disk; varying the strength of these wide-angle disk winds, however, alters the final star-formation efficiency by only ±6%. For all cases, the opening angle of the bipolar outflow cavity remains below 20° during early protostellar accretion phases, increasing rapidly up to 65° at the onset of radiation pressure feedback.
DETECTION OF POSSIBLE QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN THE LONG-TERM OPTICAL LIGHT CURVE OF THE BL LAC OBJECT OJ 287
Authors: Bhatta G. , Zola S. , Stawarz Ł. , Ostrowski M. , Winiarski M. , Ogłoza W. , Dróżdż M. , Siwak M. , Liakos A. , Kozieł-Wierzbowska D. , Gazeas K. , Debski B. , Kundera T. , Stachowski G. , Paliya V. S.
Published: November 2016

The detection of periodicity in the broadband non-thermal emission of blazars has so far been proven to be elusive. However, there are a number of scenarios that could lead to quasi-periodic variations in blazar light curves. For example, an orbital or thermal/viscous period of accreting matter around central supermassive black holes could, in principle, be imprinted in the multi-wavelength emission of small-scale blazar jets, carrying such crucial information about plasma conditions within the jet launching regions. In this paper, we present the results of our time series analysis of the ∼9.2 yr long, and exceptionally well-sampled, optical light curve of the BL Lac object OJ 287. The study primarily used the data from our own observations performed at the Mt. Suhora and Kraków Observatories in Poland, and at the Athens Observatory in Greece. Additionally, SMARTS observations were used to fill some of the gaps in the data. The Lomb–Scargle periodogram and the weighted wavelet Z-transform methods were employed to search for possible quasi-periodic oscillations in the resulting optical light curve of the source. Both methods consistently yielded a possible quasi-periodic signal around the periods of ∼400 and ∼800 days, the former with a significance (over the underlying colored noise) of

. A number of likely explanations for this are discussed, with preference given to a modulation of the jet production efficiency by highly magnetized accretion disks. This supports previous findings and the interpretation reported recently in the literature for OJ 287 and other blazar sources.
ULTRA-DEEP GEMINI NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF THE BULGE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 6624*
Authors: Saracino S. , Dalessandro E. , Ferraro F. R. , Geisler D. , Mauro F. , Lanzoni B. , Origlia L. , Miocchi P. , Cohen R. E. , Villanova S. , Bidin C. Moni
Published: November 2016

We used ultra-deep J and K

s
images secured with the near-infrared (NIR) GSAOI camera assisted by the multi-conjugate adaptive optics system GeMS at the GEMINI South Telescope in Chile, to obtain a (K

s
, J − K

s
) color–magnitude diagram (CMD) for the bulge globular cluster NGC 6624. We obtained the deepest and most accurate NIR CMD from the ground for this cluster, by reaching K

s
 ∼ 21.5, approximately 8 mag below the horizontal branch level. The entire extension of the Main Sequence (MS) is nicely sampled and at K

s
 ∼ 20 we detected the so-called MS “knee” in a purely NIR CMD. By taking advantage of the exquisite quality of the data, we estimated the absolute age of NGC 6624 (t
age = 12.0 ± 0.5 Gyr), which turns out to be in good agreement with previous studies in the literature. We also analyzed the luminosity and mass functions of MS stars down to M ∼ 0.45 M⊙, finding evidence of a significant increase of low-mass stars at increasing distances from the cluster center. This is a clear signature of mass segregation, confirming that NGC 6624 is in an advanced stage of dynamical evolution.
TESTING THE EFFECTS OF EXPANSION ON SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE
Authors: Vech Daniel , Chen Christopher H K
Published: November 2016

We present a multi-spacecraft approach to test the predictions of recent studies on the effect of solar wind expansion on the radial spectral, variance, and local 3D anisotropies of the turbulence. We found that on small scales (5000–10,000 km) the power levels of the B-trace structure functions do not depend on the sampling direction with respect to the radial suggesting that on this scale the effect of expansion is small possibly due to fast turbulent timescales. On larger scales (110–135 R

E
), the fluctuations of the radial magnetic field component are reduced by ∼20% compared to the transverse (perpendicular to radial) ones, which could be due to expansion confining the fluctuations into the plane perpendicular to radial. For the local 3D spectral anisotropy, the B-trace structure functions showed dependence on the sampling direction with respect to radial. The anisotropy in the perpendicular plane is reduced when the increments are taken perpendicular with respect to radial, which could be an effect of expansion.
Combining Template Matching and Background Subtraction Techniques to Detect Objects in Infrared Video Sequences
Authors: Pham Quy Ich , Jalovecky Rudolf , Polasek Martin
Published: November 2016

In this paper, an algorithm is introduced combining a template matching technique with background subtraction to detect moving targets on a road captured on video using a static camera. The designed algorithm based on combining the two techniques is to reduce the difficulties in background estimation and improve the processing time, etc. The proposed algorithm was tested in two different video sequences. The first video sequence was filmed with stabilized camera, while the second video was acquired with unstable camera. The results in both cases indicated that the background subtraction algorithm is successful in detecting moving objects and the template matching technique is suitable for object replacement from background frame to acquire the standard background frame.
Comparisons Using Methods of Continuum Mechanics and Monte Carlo at Differentially Pumped Chamber
Authors: Maxa Jiří , Bílek V. , Hlavatá P. , Vyroubal P. , Lepltová Kristýna
Published: November 2016

The article deals with the analysis of gas flows in pumped canals in differential pumped chamber of the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). The article compares and verifies existing results of differentially pumped chamber flow simulation from ANSYS Fluent system, which uses the mechanics of continuum, with the ones published by D. Danilatos using the Monte Carlo method.
Introduction
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: November 2016

Nos prisons sont celles dont nous portons collectivement la responsabilité : contre l’indignité des conditions de détention, en dépit de maigres ressources et face au défi du terrorisme.
La prison face au djihad
Authors: Garapon Antoine , Khosrokhavar Farhad , Kies Ouisa , Monod Guillaume , Schlegel Jean-Louis , Étienne Élyne , Chalier Jonathan
Published: November 2016

Cette conversation examine la manière dont le terrorisme affecte la prison. Elle passe en revue les différentes motivations des terroristes (affirmation de soi, volonté humanitaire, désir de mort, rite d’initiation, engagement politique…) pour renouveler l’esprit de la peine.
Peut-on construire des minarets en Suisse ?
Authors: Terzi Cédric
Published: November 2016

En 2009, le peuple suisse votait contre la construction de minarets. L’initiative citoyenne entrait pourtant en conflit avec le droit international et les valeurs de la Constitution fédérale. La rivalité de la souveraineté populaire avec l’État de droit a produit des dommages politiques importants.
Les salles de consommation à moindre risque
Authors: Jauffret-Roustide Marie
Published: November 2016

Inspirée d’expériences à l’étranger, l’ouverture de deux « salles de shoot » en France s’inscrit dans une politique publique de réduction des risques. Il s’agit de suspendre le jugement moral au profit de la santé et de la réinsertion sociale des usagers de drogue, ainsi que de la sécurité des riverains.
La communauté des coupables
Authors: Dardenne Jean-Pierre , Dardenne Luc , Domenach Élise
Published: November 2016

Les cinéastes, plusieurs fois récompensés, évoquent leur dernier film, la Fille inconnue , leurs méthodes de travail et l’inspiration philosophique de leur cinéma. Les personnages du film cherchent à avouer leurs fautes, en quête d’une reconnaissance de l’autre.
L’inflexion de la stratégie géoéconomique chinoise
Authors: Dargnat Christian
Published: November 2016

Au sein d’un contexte international de ralentissement du commerce mondial et de montée en puissance des services au détriment de l’industrie, le modèle de croissance économique chinois arrive à saturation. La nouvelle vision d’affirmation de puissance chinoise s’inscrit dans une triple ambition de rééquilibrage : des niveaux de développement des régions internes chinoises, des facteurs de croissance économique, et enfin de la prédominance géopolitique régionale asiatique. Cette nouvelle stratégie va reposer sur deux initiatives majeures : une transformation du système financier domestique, nécessaire pour extraire le pays de sa situation de surendettement, et la mise en place du projet One Belt, One Road qui devrait aider à remédier à la situation de surcapacité industrielle du pays. La réussite de cette nouvelle stratégie géoéconomique actera la fin du cycle de financement de l’économie mondiale observée depuis 25 ans.
Les nouvelles routes de la soie : ambitions chinoises et réalités géopolitiques
Authors: Vicenty Christian
Published: November 2016

Les routes de la soie sont en voie de résurgence, notamment à travers trois principaux projets de recomposition eurasiatique – chinois, russe, indien –, sachant que le projet chinois « Une ceinture, une route » est de loin le plus ambitieux, visionnaire et « complet » à tous points de vue. Les trois projets suivent cependant des ambitions pouvant les placer à la fois en situation de rivalités, de partenariat et de rapport de force et sont source d’importante incertitude géopolitique du fait des défis majeurs à surmonter (financiers, commerciaux, sécuritaires, territoriaux). Ces défis concernent la Russie, l’Inde, l’Afrique, mais aussi et surtout l’Europe, cette dernière devant être à la hauteur du défi chinois par une vision rééquilibrée de l’Eurasie, impliquant une pleine puissance géopolitique et une intelligence économique coordonnée.
Quand la Chine investit dans les infrastructures
Authors: Courmont Barthélemy
Published: November 2016

La Chine est engagée dans de vastes programmes d’investissements dans les infrastructures dans le monde entier. Développement de voies d’accès, modernisation d’installations, efforts visant à désenclaver certaines régions… on relève sur tous les continents une multitude de projets, certains pharaoniques. Ces investissements coïncident avec le ralentissement de la croissance économique chinoise, et y sont d’ailleurs étroitement liés. On note des difficultés grandissantes chez les autres grandes puissances à investir des capitaux importants dans les infrastructures à l’extérieur de leurs frontières, et parfois même sur le territoire national. La Chine fait ainsi, à l’heure actuelle en tout cas, figure d’exception de par l’importance de ses réserves financières. Cet opportunisme chinois modifie en profondeur les équilibres internationaux, et impose de nouvelles grilles d’analyse sur le rôle central de ce pays dans l’économie mondiale, au point de relancer les réflexions sur l’émergence d’un « consensus de Pékin ». Les limites à ce modèle n’en sont pas moins nombreuses, et constituent un test à grande échelle de la capacité de Pékin à proposer un partenariat gagnant-gagnant.
Construire un espace français de recherches sociologiques sur l’Europe
Authors: Majastre Christophe , Mercenier Heidi
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose un retour sur les contributions qui ont participé au tournant sociologique des recherches sur l’Europe au sein de l’espace français. En se fondant sur l’analyse de ces textes, nous montrons qu’ils portent des propositions divergentes quant à l’organisation des savoirs sur l’Europe. L’analyse de trois dimensions – la généalogie proposée, la capacité de coopération avec d’autres approches des objets européens et la façon dont ces objets sont construits et sélectionnés – atteste de la construction d’un espace hétérogène de recherches sociologiques sur l’Europe organisé autour de trois versions : « constructiviste sociologiséee », « idiographique » et « critique ».
Rattraper ou devancer l’Europe ?
Authors: Bocquillon Pierre , Evrard Aurélien
Published: November 2016

La France a échoué de façon répétée à atteindre ses objectifs européens en matière de consommation d’électricité d’origine renouvelable. Quant au rapide développement des agrocarburants, il tient d’abord au poids et à l’influence du secteur agricole domestique. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que la construction européenne a été sans influence sur les politiques françaises de soutien aux énergies renouvelables, mais pas nécessairement sur un mode hiérarchique. Afin de rendre compte des interactions entre politiques françaises et européennes, cet article s’inscrit dans une approche de sociologie politique attentive à la diversité des pratiques et « usages de l’Europe », en explorant les dynamiques verticales et horizontales de l’européanisation.
Inteligencia, comunicación e información
Authors: Garduño Valero Guillermo Javier Rolando
Published: November 2016

Tant l'entreprise moderne que les institutions étatiques coexistent dans l'espace public. Plusieurs processus s’y déroulent au sein desquels se détachent ceux qui concernent l'intelligence, la communication et l'information. En fait, on ne peut concevoir une organisation qui dispense de ces liens. Il est donc nécessaire d'approfondir un thème qui échappe régulièrement ou n’est pas abordé publiquement, mais qui doit indiscutablement être reconnu dans la pratique quotidienne. Il est, en effet, inévitable pour pénétrer la complexité et l'incertitude entourant toute organisation de tout type et niveau, car c’est une condition indispensable pour prendre des décisions appropriées et en assurer les conséquences et les responsabilités.
Construcción de un indicador para la valoración de programas ambientales en la cuenca del valle de México: aplicación de metodología
Authors: Galván Fernández Antonina , Bustamante González Ángel , Ambriz García Juan José
Published: November 2016

Les agences nationales qui prennent des décisions quant la conservation des ressources naturelles est en crise, en raison de la confrontation entre les intérêts économiques, humains et environnementaux. L'impact des actions est qualifié par le biais des indicateurs d'impact. Cependant, les programmes visant à déclencher le développement durable n’ont pas d’impact. La question est de savoir pourquoi ils n’y parviennent pas. Cinq programmes appliqués dans l'évaluation de la ville de Mexico sont évalués. Les indicateurs des programmes sont examinés, en regard d’une proposition, où l'espace environnemental est explicite.
Los Retos de una empresa pública de carácter social: El caso de la Empresa Liconsa, México
Authors: Carrillo González Graciela , Peñalva Rosales Laura Patricia , Pomar Fernández Silvia
Published: November 2016

Le Mexique se classe comme l'un des pays ayant les plus hauts niveaux d'inégalité. En Juin 2015, le Conseil National d’Évaluation de la Politique de Développement Social CONEVAL a signalé que 53 millions de personnes vivent dans la pauvreté et 17 millions dans l'extrême pauvreté, c’est-à-dire 44,5 % et 14,5 %, respectivement, de la population totale. LICONSA est une entreprise publique responsable de la collecte, l'industrialisation et la commercialisation du lait de haute qualité à des prix abordables pour la population dans la pauvreté. L’objectif principal est d’améliorer les conditions de vie et d’alimentation de la population, mais aussi de développer un partenariat local avec les producteurs de lait de la région; fournisseur de notre société LICONSA ; Cet article montre comment une entreprise publique, plus de 70 ans après sa création, est devenue, à travers un programme social de d'approvisionnement de lait, une entreprise clé pour améliorer les conditions de vie de nombreuses familles. Il souligne aussi, comment cette fonction impose un certain nombre de défis dans son organisation interne et dans le cadre de la stratégie sociale appelée “Croisade Nationale Contre la faim”.
Percepción de la estructura administrativa y la comunicación organizacional como factores de competitividad
Authors: Carmona Eduardo Alejandro
Published: November 2016

Cet article analyse les facteurs structure administrative et communication organisationnelle dans le cadre du climat organisationnel. Il détermine les principales différences dans les sous-groupes d'acteurs de l'Unité Académique de Comptabilité et d'Administration de l'Université Autonome de Zacatecas. L’analyse de fréquence utilisée, puis une analyse de corrélation de Spearman et la comparaison des caractéristiques des différents facteurs présentés aux fins d'analyse. Il a été identifié que la différence dans la perception du facteur administratif de la structure, facteur de différenciation principalement pour les enseignants, perçoivent les processus que cette fonctionnalité a développé qui impactent le plus l'école.
Métrica, tropos y figuras en las Anotaciones de Fernando de Herrera
Authors: Torre Esteban
Published: November 2016

En el año 1580, se publicaron por primera vez en Sevilla las Obras de Garcilaso de la Vega con anotaciones de Fernando de Herrera, que edita y comenta treinta y cinco sonetos, cinco canciones, dos elegías, una epístola y tres églogas del poeta toledano. Con excepción de la epístola, cada una de las otras formas poemáticas va seguida de una extensa disertación de corte fundamentalmente histórico y erudito. Pero lo más interesante son los comentarios puntuales que hace a determinados versos, que nos revelan a un profundo conocedor de las teorías poéticas vigentes en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y a un crítico literario extraordinariamente perspicaz y sensible. Se reúnen, analizan y sistematizan aquí sus numerosísimas referencias a las cuestiones métricas y al lenguaje tropológico y figurado.
La sublevación de Cataluña de 1640 en Los agravios satisfechos, apócrifo de Calderón de la Barca
Authors: Deias Antonia
Published: November 2016

El trabajo analiza Los agravios satisfechos y vísperas cicilianas, comedia apócrifa de Calderón que trata del levantamiento antifrancés acontecido en Palermo en 1282. El cotejo del texto con algunas obras historiográficas ha permitido identificar las posibles fuentes utilizadas por el autor. Por otro lado, la manipulación de los hechos históricos, junto con los anacronismos que remiten a acontecimientos de los años treinta y cuarenta del siglo XVII (la declaración de guerra de Francia a España de 1635, la rebelión de Cataluña y el Pacto de Ceret de 1640, la conspiración de 1641 para levantar a Andalucía), han permitido establecer la datación de la obra e identificar los objetivos perseguidos por el autor: hacer de las Vísperas sicilianas un mito fundador de la monarquía española, utilizándolas en clave anti-francesa y, al mismo tiempo, criticar el «reformismo restaurador» del conde-duque de Olivares.
Paisaje y sociedad de alta montaña en De Madrid a Nápoles (1861) de Pedro Antonio de Alarcón
Authors: Canals Piñas Jordi
Published: November 2016

El extenso pasaje en el que Pedro Antonio de Alarcón describe, en De Madrid a Nápoles (1861), el territorio alpino es un valioso texto documental ya que constituye la primera descripción pormenorizada de la cadena del Mont Blanc que se registra en la tradición española de la literatura de viajes. Advertimos el propósito de contraponer un ideal de vida arcaico a la fe en el progreso material que anima a la metrópoli nacida a remolque de la revolución industrial, lo que presagia el conservadurismo ideológico de Alarcón. La descripción pone de manifiesto viejos clichés románticos, a cuya estética permanece Alarcón en parte apegado, y que se alían de manera inesperada con una visión espiritualizada de la naturaleza. Se sopesa además la huella que la guía turística Bædeker sobre Suiza, cuya 4.ª edición (1859) el autor lleva consigo en su viaje, deja en el fragmento descriptivo alpino.
Historia editorial de la traducción al inglés de Muertes de Perro en el archivo de la Fundación Francisco Ayala
Authors: Valdivia Pablo
Published: November 2016

Muertes de perro ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios críticos, pero hasta ahora no se había reconstruido documentalmente ni analizado pormenorizadamente la historia editorial de la traducción de esta novela al inglés. Este artículo, gracias a la abundante documentación presente en el Archivo de la Fundación Francisco Ayala, desconocida hasta este trabajo, explica cómo se desarrolló la presentación de Muertes de perro y de su autor en el contexto literario en lengua inglesa, al mismo tiempo que reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de la inmediata recepción de esta novela en el contexto internacional.
Edición crítica y estudio de la Comedia de Miseno
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Daniel
Published: November 2016

Edición crítica y estudio de la Comedia de Miseno, una obra inédita de finales del siglo XVI escrita por Loyola, un autor prácticamente desconocido. Basada en un ejemplo de El conde Lucanor, fue una pieza de éxito en la época, imitada nada menos que por Lope de Vega. Esta edición incluye anotación a pie de página y aparato crítico.
Nutrient Management for Sustainable Potato Production in India
Authors: Sharma R. P. , Jatav M. K. , Dua V. K. , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2016

Potato is important crop for solving food and nutritional security problem of growing population of India. Application of N in two split dose i.e. half at planting time and rest at time of earthing up produce higher yields and higher N recovery. At the time of planting, calcium ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate should be preferred by furrow application. Selection of suitable variety may play major role beside time and method of application in improving nutrient use efficiency. Balanced use of major and micronutrients plays an important role in improving quality of produce besides good yield. Potato based cropping system mostly shows build up of P and negative balance of N and K which may be overcame by organic residues recycling. Intensive cropping system has resulted in wide spread deficiency of secondary and micro nutrients particularly Zn and these must be applied on soil test basis. Integrated nutrient management is a must for an exhaustive and responsive crop like potato.