bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of the nutrition quality and environmental impact
Authors: Mazhaeva Tatyana , Chernova Yuliya , Chugunova Olga , Grashchenkov Dmitriy
Published: November 2023

Modern "Omic" technologies are increasingly used to isolate biomarkers of the nutrition model. In order to find the impact markers of the food quality and environment on the metabolic profile of preschoolers from two territories with different ecology (main group (Preschool Educational Institution 1) and comparison group (Preschool Educational Institution 2)), a nutrition assessment was carried out (data analysis of the cyclic two-week menu for the Preschool Educational Institution and nutrition outside the Preschool Educational Institution). The results of the food set assessment and the nutritional value of the menu were compared with the norms established by the requirements of legislation and medical recommendations. The content of organic acids in the urine of 60 children was analyzed to identify markers of environmental exposure, metabolic disorders of macro- and micronutrients using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was found that the menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 1 was more rational in terms of the food set in comparison with the menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 2. The menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 2 had insufficient levels of macronutrients necessary for normal metabolism, such as proteins by 1.7%, vegetable fats by 22%, including PUFA by 1.9%, dietary fiber by 10.9%, as well as micronutrients vitamins B1 by 25.9%, PP by 15.2%, and calcium by 18.2%. In the Preschool Educational Institution 1 there was deficiency in the amount of vegetable fats by 8%, vitamin B1 by 13%, and calcium by 19.4%. Analysis of organic acid biomarker data showed that the lowest titer values of markers for branched amino acid metabolism deficiency (valine, leucine, isoleucine) were detected for 3-hydroxy-isovalerian (leucine metabolite) acid in the children of the Preschool Educational Institution 1. However, the average values don’t significantly differ (p=0.7). Correlation analysis showed the relationship between the content of nutrients and organic acids in the urine of the children. A high amount of organic acids, markers of vitamin B6, B9, and B12 deficiency were identified in children of both groups. The titers of markers of sulfur-containing amino acids (2-hydroxybutyric and pyroglutamic acids) are higher in children of the Preschool Educational Institution 1, which indicates the need for them in detoxification reactions.
Demand for the ESG agenda in modern scientific publications
Authors: Blaginin Victor Andreevich , Goncharova Maria Nikolaevna , Sokolova Elizaveta Vitalievna , Kovalev Viktor Evgenievich
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the current state of research in the field of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), namely, the degree of relevance and demand for scientific articles on the ESG agenda among scientists - economists, ecologists, managers and sociologists and the scientific community as a whole. The goals are achieved by assessing the citation and thematic diversity of a field of knowledge, as well as identifying factors that influence the success of publications in this field. The work used methods of scientometric and bibliometric analysis of metadata of 3633 documents from the Crossref platform and 7512 documents from the Google Scholar platform for 2000-2023. The study showed that despite a moderate increase in publication activity, the demand for the ESG field remains insignificant. Multidisciplinary and review studies that systematize the literature rather than add to it and analyze new aspects of ESG are highly cited. The findings highlight the need for innovation and new approaches that can capture the attention of the scientific community and provide new impetus for the development of this important field. The ESG field requires active development and renewal in order to address current issues in the field of sustainability and corporate responsibility effectively.
Knowledge work as a key to sustainable development
Authors: Stikhina Irina Alexandrovna , Skopova Ludmila Valentinovna , Lapina Valentina Yurievna
Published: November 2023

The article considers the trend for growing number of knowledge workers in the western world and worldwide. Statistics on “white collar” jobs and jobs with “white-collar” tasks prove that in the near future two thirds of all jobs will be associated with the factor “knowledge”. With the respect to the current economic situation in Russia, when new industries should develop and the demand for “blue collars” is significant, it is stated that knowledge work is still required especially for organizing and ruling technological processes in the country. Digitalization led to changes in jobs structures and the necessity of transformations in talent management systems with the focus on attracting and retaining high potential human recourses. Current limitations also challenge the national economy which needs innovators to overcome difficulties and develop sustainably. In this aspect, increasing trend for knowledge work globally correlates with the national demand for talented knowledge workers whose contribution to economic transformation can play a crucial part in further sustainability of national economy.
Comparison between GEANT4 and MCNP for well logging applications
Authors: Varignier Geoffrey , Fondement Valentin , Carasco Cédric , Collot Johann , Pérot Bertrand , Marchais Thomas , Chuilon Pierre , Caroli Emmanuel , Doan Mai-Linh
Published: November 2023

MCNP and GEANT4 are two reference Monte Carlo nuclear simulators, MCNP being the standard in the Oil & Gas nuclear logging industry. While performing a simulation benchmark of these two software for the purpose of “Cased Hole” wellbore evaluation, discrepancies between MCNP and GEANT4 were observed: computational experiments were performed first in a theoretical and simplified environment using spherical models, then in a more realistic “Open Hole” wellbore context with simplified logging tools. Results of this comparison show an excellent overall agreement for gamma-gamma physics and an acceptable agreement for neutron-neutron physics. However, the agreement for neutron-gamma physics is satisfactory only for certain lithologies and energy windows, but not acceptable for other operating conditions. These results need to be put in perspective with the current use of nuclear simulation in the logging industry. Indeed, wellbore evaluations rely on charts simulated with Monte Carlo codes in various contexts. In the case of radially heterogeneous environments such as “Cased Hole” wellbores, nuclear simulations are mandatory to precisely determine the radial sensitivity of logging tools via the so-called sensitivity functions. The feasibility of wellbore inversion relies on the physical validity of such sensitivity functions obtained from nuclear simulations. This MCNP vs. GEANT4 benchmark was conducted with the perspective to secure the physical fundamentals used for building the sensitivity functions of logging tools.
Design of the Angle-Resolving Electron Spectrometer Aboard the PRESET Mission
Authors: Dyer Benjamin , Cheng Xingzhi , Hanu Andrei , Byun Soo Hyun
Published: November 2023

We present a design study for the Pitch REsolving Spectrometer for Electron Transport (PRESET) mission, a CubeSat that is aimed at measuring the pitch angle density spectrum in low-Earth orbit (LEO). While a few missions have measured the pitch angle density spectrum, all have provided low resolution within the loss cone. PRESET will be capable of measuring pitch angle density of electrons with a resolution of 10 degrees or better and an energy range of 0.3-7 MeV filling gaps in both energy range and angular resolution in LEO. The spectrometer is designed to fit within a 10x10x10cm3 volume (1U) including processing electronics so it can be integrated into a 3U CubeSat to be flown in a polar LEO. To achieve a 10-degree angular resolution, the detector employs a trough shaped collimator with a pin-hole type aperture followed by a single sided silicon strip detector. Aligned coaxially with the strip detector is a stack of 4 silicon detectors. To optimize the spectrometer design, extensive Monte Carlo simulations were carried out. The collimator was optimized by adjusting total length, width and height, aperture size, collimation plate spacing and material. A balance is found between increasing the instrument’s geometric factor and reducing the aperture width which directly affects the counting rate and angular resolution of the instrument, respectively. To optimize the stacking geometry of the silicon detectors, simulations were carried out by varying the number and thickness of the silicon detectors, allowing the electron energy resolution and maximum detectable electron energy to be extracted. An optimum design was deduced to accomplish an outstanding performance with a minimum of silicon detectors. Simulation results are verified using a prototype spectrometer and a commercial pulse processing system.
In-core measurement methodology with optical fibers using Cherenkov radiation for transient induced power measurement in the CABRI experimental reactor
Authors: Gay Georges , Gruel Adrien , Boffy Romain , De Izarra Grégoire , Jammes Christian
Published: November 2023

This paper presents our experimental work to assess the capability to estimate the transient-induced power distribution in the CABRI experimental reactor using Cherenkov radiation. The CABRI reactor is designed to produce a power transient up to 21 GW within a time less than 100 ms in order to irradiate a test fuel pin in condition representative of a Reactivity insertion Accident in pressurized water reactors. The large response range and short response time required to follow the flux evolution during a complete transient makes classical means of detection, such as ionization or fission chamber, inoperative. For that purpose, we suggest to measure Cherenkov light produced within optical fibers. Indeed, Cherenkov light emission is linked to the local electron production, which is proportional to the local gamma flux through the Compton or pair production cross-section, the intensity of Cherenkov radiation is related to the photon flux intensity. The knowledge of the fission photons emitted by the reactor gives direct insight on the fission rate, hence a spatial power density distribution could be reconstructed thanks to the measure of the Cherenkov light at different point in the reactor.
Optimization of the magnetic core of a Linear Variable Differential Transducer
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove Rudi
Published: November 2023

Research into materials and fuels for nuclear power reactors is carried out in so-called research reactors where various types of fuels and materials can be monitored online and in real time by in-core instruments. At the Halden reactor in Norway, online measurements such as cladding elongation, inner fuel rod pressure, fuel swelling, material creep and stress relaxation were based on Linear Variable Differential transducers (LVDT).

The magnetic core of the standard LVDT core is made of silicon iron, encapsulated by an Inconel 600 or AISI 316L tube for corrosion protection. In the present study, we consider FeCrAl as magnetic core material. This material, which is currently also being investigated as accident tolerant fuel cladding material, is corrosion resistant in the chemical environment of PWR or BWR reactors and therefore doesn’t required an extra corrosion protection tube. As a result, the magnetic core diameter can be made larger, resulting in an increase of the LVDT sensitivity. In order to verify the various dependencies, the LVDT sensitivity was measured and compared to finite element calculations.

The sensitivity of an LVDT is influenced by the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core, as well as by eddy current losses in this magnetic core. When the temperature changes, the eddy current losses in the core also change, resulting in a slight change of the LVDT sensitivity. It is shown that this effect is reduced when using FeCrAl as magnetic core material, instead of SiFe. On the other hand, the change in magnetic permeability with temperature for FeCrAl is larger than for SiFe. The overall combined effect results in a higher dependence of sensitivity for the FeCrAl core.

Finally, using a solid magnetic core (without encapsulation) allows operation of the LVDT at higher gamma heating in the core of a reactor because of improved cooling by the surrounding water. This feature is relevant for operation in the Jules Horowitz Reactor, where the gamma heating in some locations can be up to 20 W/g.
A mobile radiation detection system for security inspection and monitoring
Authors: Marques Luís , Coito Rui , Fernandes Sofia , Costa Tiago , Vale Alberto , Vaz Pedro
Published: November 2023

In Nuclear Security scenarios, traditional radiation portal monitors are normally fixed, large, and expensive equipment. This study introduces an innovative, cost-effective solution: a lightweight, compact, mobile gamma-ray/beta and neutron detection system, comprising two plastic scintillators with silicon photomultipliers. Designed for inspecting maritime containers, a real-time gamma-ray source search algorithm operates during perimeter scans. Using maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm computes radiation source coordinates. To optimize the detection system’s path and enhance survey quality (informed path), a profit function is employed. This function is grounded in either gamma-ray count analysis or source position estimations, providing dual approaches to improve source position accuracy. Evaluating this approach, simulations used a 137Cs source inside a container, with gamma-ray counts adjusted for geometric detection efficiency and material attenuation. The informed path generated by the source search algorithm is compared to predefined paths, revealing substantial improvements in source height estimation accuracy and reduced confidence intervals. The use of profit functions to refine the initial path enhances system reliability and streamlines inspection time.
Thermal neutron detection based on resistive gaseous devices
Authors: Bencivenni G. , Balossino I. , Cibinetto G. , De Oliveira R. , Farinelli R. , Felici G. , Garzia I. , Gatta M. , Giovannetti M. , Gramigna S. , Lavezzi L. , Mezzadri G. , Morello G. , Papalino G. , Poli Lener M. , Scodeggio M.
Published: November 2023

In the framework of the uRANIA (u-Rwell Advanced Neutron Imaging Apparatus) project, we are developing innovative thermal neutron detectors based on resistive gaseous devices such as micro-Resistive WELL (μ-RWELL) and surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC).

The μ-RWELL is a single amplification stage resistive MPGD developed for HEP applications. The amplification stage, based on the same Apical® foil used for the manufacturing of the GEM, is embedded through a resistive layer in the readout board. The resistive layer is realized by sputtering the back side of the Apical® foil with DiamondLike-Carbon (DLC). A cathode electrode, defining the gas conversion/drift gap, completes the detector mechanics. The deposition of a thin layer of 10B4C on the cathode surface allows the thermal neutrons conversion into 7Li and α ions, which can be easily detected in the active volume of the device. Results from tests performed with different detector layouts show that a thermal neutron (25 meV) detection efficiency up to 7% can be achieved with a single detector. A comparison between experimental data and the simulation of the detector behaviour has been performed. In parallel, we are proposing the development of thermal neutron detectors based on a novel RPC concept. The sRPC is a revolutionary RPC based on surface resistive electrodes realized by exploiting the well-established DLC sputtering technology on thin (50µm) polyimide foils, the same used in the manufacturing of the µ-RWELL. The DLC foil is glued onto a 2 mm thick float-glass. The 2 mm gas gap between the electrodes is ensured by spacers made of Delrin®, inserted without gluing at the edges of the glass supports. By replacing DLC with 10B4C sputtered electrodes, the device becomes sensitive to thermal neutrons. Different layouts of 10B4C coated electrodes have been tested, allowing to achieve efficiency up to 6%. The robustness, ease of construction, and scalability of the sRPC technology should allow the construction of cost-effective large area detector units as required by applications in homeland security (such as Radiation Portal Monitor).
CLEANDEM, a Cyber physicaL Equipment for unmAnned Nuclear DEcommissioning Measurements
Authors: Michel Maugan , Amoyal Guillaume , Schoepff Vincent
Published: November 2023

Human intervention is still required nowadays for most operations conducted during the Dismantling & Decommissioning (D&D) steps, which cover a wide range of radiological conditions: from the harsh initial conditions, nearly identical to when operating, to the final decommissioning steps where radioactivity has been removed.

The goal of the three years EU-funded CLEANDEM project, led by CEA List, is to deliver a unique platform which will support the end-users’ operations, from the initial radiological assessment to the final characterization of the facility, while enabling their continuous monitoring during the D&D operations.

Ten leading actors from four European countries’ nuclear industry and research, have joined their expertise and efforts in the CLEANDEM consortium to develop a mobile unmanned ground platform (UGV), equipped with upgraded highly-mature detection technologies for 3D-localized radiological measurements. These will complete the facilities’ available data into a 3D and fully detailed Digital Twin of the surveyed area, thus improving the planning and traceability of the D&D operations.
Development of a specialised calibration and infra-red emissivity correction to enable the temperature monitoring of intermediate level nuclear waste using thermal imaging
Authors: Bond W. , Hayes M. , Simpson R. , Korniliou S. , Machin G.
Published: November 2023

The temperature measurement of intermediate level nuclear waste containers is vital to monitor thermal stability and track temperature trends over time. The use of thermal imaging for this monitoring has numerous advantages compared to using a single spot radiation thermometer, and Sellafield wish to employ this approach for their ‘3 m3 box’ intermediate level waste containers. In order to achieve this objective with confidence a custom temperature calibration is required for low uncertainty temperature measurement. Another key consideration for practical non-contact temperature measurement is the emissivity of the surface being measured at the relevant infrared wavelengths, as such the emissivity of the Sellafield 3 m3 box materials was measured and then corrected for. The implementation of a calibrated instrument and emissivity correction were validated using temperature controlled, 1:10 scale model 3 m3 box containers within a climatic chamber. The surface temperature of the scale containers was determined to an uncertainty of ± 6.5 °C (k = 2.1) for the container walls, ± 3.5 °C (k = 2.1) for the container lid and ± 1.5 °C (k = 2.1) for the container vents. The measurement techniques used to determine the temperature of the 1:10 scale 3 m3 box containers were therefore successful and there is a clear development path to monitoring the containers in storage using thermal imaging.
Multi-source contamination mapping on the ground: A novel approach
Authors: Raz Dor , Fitoussi Ohad , Ben-David Nadav , Vax Eran , Osovizky Alon , Zaidner Guy
Published: November 2023

Multi-source contamination mapping is a critical aspect of radiation detection and environmental monitoring. This paper introduces an innovative algorithm for accurate and efficient multi-source contamination mapping. The algorithm comprises two main components: (1) search area identification and (2) source localization using a particle filter. The search area identification involves extrapolating directional measurements to create search areas, employing clustering algorithms to refine these areas, and generating final search areas based on weighted factors. The incorporation of directional measurements significantly enhances performance by reducing parameter search space of the particle filter and thus improving practical application potential. The particle filter-based source localization employs a four-stage process, involving generation of initial guesses, comparison of expected and acquired measurements, employing genetic algorithms for particle selection, and a convergence criterion. The algorithm’s efficacy is demonstrated through four simulated experimental scenarios, each with varying numbers and densities of point radioactive sources. Results illustrate successful search area identification and source localization with an average error of approximately 1 meter and source activity estimation of within 25% of the ground-truth values. Further improvements to the area clustering algorithm, improved mission planning for online applications, and extensive testing of the algorithm are planned in the future. With these improvements, the algorithm presented here could enhance the ability to respond to radioactive contamination incidents swiftly and effectively, ensure timely mapping of contaminated areas, and maintain human safety in the event of an incident.
An optocoupler-based method for dosimetry in low energy X-ray beams
Authors: Silva Jonatas V. , Gonçalves Filho Luiz C. , Santos Luiz A. P.
Published: November 2023

Semiconductor electronic devices have been used as detector in X-ray beams for decades, and the principle of operation is based on measuring the electrical current generated while such a device is under the ionizing radiation. Some devices that can be used are: photodiode, phototransistor, bipolar junction transistor, MOSFET, among others. In this work, a method based on an optocoupler device is presented for radiation dose real-time measurement in low-energy X-ray beam, which is used in medical radiology. Such an optoelectronic device has an LED and a phototransistor inside it, in general, for signal communication between two circuits that have to be electrically decoupled. Therefore, the light emitted by the LED excites the phototransistor. To develop an innovative method for radiation detection, the output signal from the phototransistor is used to feed back the current source of the LED so that the phototransistor is kept at a constant operating point by the photonic intensity of the LED, which is shielded from the ionizing radiation beam to be detected. When the optocoupler is irradiated an additional signal on the phototransistor is superimposed on the signal originated by the LED. Then, a time-integrated error signal is digitized and stored in real-time. Each step of the error signal is proportional to the accumulated radiation dose during the device exposure. This innovative method was tested under different conditions varying both peak kilovoltage (kV) and workload (mAs) in order to compare with results from other electronic devices. The experimental results showed that the optocoupler-based method for X-ray dose measurement works and consequently may become an option for X-ray dosimetry.
Comparison of CLYC vs. CsI in a hand-held detector
Authors: Risse Monika , Friedrich Hermann , Glabian Jeannette , Köble Theo , Schumann Olaf , Teuteberg Thorsten
Published: November 2023

The detection of radioactive and nuclear (RN) material is gaining importance due to the current political situation. Fast and reliable results from on-site measurements require devices to be transportable, quickly ready-for-use, and easily operable. This has driven the development of measurement devices based on materials which enable simultaneous detection of gammas and neutrons. A detector material with these properties is the scintillator Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC). It combines the characteristics of a medium resolution gamma ray detector like Sodium iodide (NaI) or Cesium iodide (CsI) and a 3He proportional counter tube for the detection of neutrons. In this paper the performance of a CLYC based device was compared to one using a traditional scintillator. The exemplary study was carried out on the basis of two RadEYE devices from Thermo: the RadEye SPRD GN with a CLYC crystal and the RadEYE SPRD with a CsI crystal were compared regarding gamma detection. Moreover, the neutron detection capability of the CLYC device was investigated. Dynamic tests were performed using our qualification test system (QuTeSt). This allows repeatable tests with radioactive sources passing the device under test at controlled conditions. Applicable standards and test procedures for Radiation Isotope Identifiers (RIID) from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and those released during the ITRAP+10 program were applied. Several tests were performed using radioactive sources covering a wide energy range.
Influence of base material thickness on spectrometry of semiconductor detectors based on semi-insulating GaAs
Authors: Šagátová Andrea , Kurucová Nikola , Kotorová Soňa , Kováčová Eva , Zaťko Bohumír
Published: November 2023

The bulk semi-insulating GaAs material was used for preparation of pad radiation detectors with circular contacts of 1 mm diameter. The spectrometric properties of a semiconductor detector depend on the quality of the base material and on the deposited metallization. Another factor affecting the detector spectrometry is the applied bias controlling the electric collection field. With increasing bias, the charge collection efficiency of particular detector grows. However, this spectrometric property should be changing with detector thickness, which affects the intensity of electric collection field at constant bias applied through the detector sandwich structure. In this paper we have studied the electrical and spectrometric properties of semi-insulating GaAs detectors as a function of their thickness. The measured saturation reverse current was in the range of 3 – 30 nA, increasing with decreasing detector thickness at a substrate resistivity of about of 107 Ωcm. The maximal obtainable charge collection efficiency evaluated from 241Am gamma spectra grew with decreasing detector thickness from 50% for a 450 µm thick detector to 80% for a 230 µm thick detector.
Monolithic 3-terminal perovskite/silicon HBT-based tandem compatible with both-side contact silicon cells: a theoretical study
Authors: Giliberti Gemma , Cagnoni Matteo , Cappelluti Federica
Published: November 2023

The heterostructure bipolar transistor solar cell architecture offers an attractive route to realize monolithic 3-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells compatible with both-side contact Si photovoltaic technologies. Essentially, the HBT implements two counter series diodes with the common third terminal realized at the interface between the two diodes through an interdigitated contact. Concrete design solutions require optimizing the HBT multilayer stack for maximum power conversion efficiency of the intrinsic cell and designing appropriate layouts for the current collecting grid of the middle terminal. In this work, we develop a modeling framework that combines electro-optical simulations of the intrinsic tandem stack with circuit-level simulations to quantify the impact of shadow and resistive losses associated with the metal contacts on the scalability of the cell size. We present a design of a HBT with homojunction silicon bottom cell that can surpass 40% efficiency with a perovskite bandgap of 1.55 eV, i.e. much higher than the limit efficiency of a series connected tandem with the same material system. Then, we explore the implications of the middle contact in terms of interdependence between the subcells and parasitic losses, by considering a top interdigitated layout and cell architectures with both homojunction and heterojunction silicon cells. We show that in most configurations proper grid design can enable the scaling up of these devices to large areas, and that the scalability can be markedly improved, especially for the case of Si heterojunction bottom cells, by developing a layout with overlapped grids.
Deterioration and age governed greenhouse gas emissions from the product itself: an optimum inventory control problem
Authors: Saxena Neha , Kumar Jitendra , Mishra Umakanta , Sarkar Biswajit , Kumar Kapil
Published: November 2023

Greenhouse gas emissions contribute significantly to global warming. This occurs during various operations, including the production, storage, and transportation of an inventory, but in some cases, the inventory itself becomes the emission source. Emissions from cattle dunk cakes, livestock slurry, manure, crude oil, and gasoline can be considered examples of this type of emissions. This paper proposes a mathematical formulation for a deteriorating inventory model utilizing the inventory as a source of emissions. The model is developed under inflation. Other activities, such as energy consumption for warehousing, are considered to be contributing to greenhouse gas emissions here. The rate of emissions from the product is exponentially governed by the rate of deterioration and the age of the material. The trapezoidal-type demand rate is considered using the Heaviside step function. Shortages are permitted but partially backlogged, and the backlogging rate is supposed to be decreasing exponentially with the increased waiting time. The numerical illustration of the model is provided to illustrate the mathematical expressions, and the effect of parametric variation is reported to give managerial insights. The results reveal that the greenhouse gas emissions are proportional to the variable rate of emissions cost and the deterioration rate. However, the increment in total emissions with respect to variable emissions cost increases with the deterioration rate. If the deterioration rate is negligible, total carbon emissions do not fluctuate much, but it increases rapidly if it is relatively high. The preservation technology is used to reduce deterioration and helps reduce emissions.
Gingiva Mesenchymal Stem Cells Normoxic or Hypoxic Preconditioned Application Under Orthodontic Mechanical Force on Osterix, Osteopontin, and ALP Expression
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Narmada Ida Bagus , Winoto Ervina Restiwulan , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju , Triwardhani Ari , Alida Alida , Pramusita Adya , Nur Reyhan Mahendra , Indrastie Nuraini , Nam Hui Yin , Ihsan Igo Syaiful , Riawan Wibi , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Nugraha Albertus Putera , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Objectives The aim of this article was to investigate Osterix, ALP, and osteopontin expression in the compression and tension sides of alveolar bone after the application of normoxic/hypoxic-preconditioned GMSCs in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) induced with OMF.

Materials and Methods Forty-eight healthy, young male rabbits were divided into four groups: [-] OMF; [+] OMF; OMF with GMSCs normoxic-preconditioned; and OMF and GMSCs hypoxic-preconditioned. The central incisor and left mandibular molar in the experimental animals were moved, the mandibular first molar was moved mesially using nickel titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel ligature wire connected to a 50 g/mm2 light force closed coil spring. Allogeneic application of normoxic or hypoxic-preconditioned GMSCs was used in as many as 106 cells in a 20 µL phosphate buffered saline single dose and injected into experimental animals' gingiva after 1 day of OTM. On days 7, 14, and 28, all experimental animals were euthanized. Osterix, ALP, and osteopontin expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results Osterix, ALP, and osteopontin expressions were significantly different after allogeneic application of hypoxic-preconditioned GMSCs than normoxic-preconditioned GMSCs in the tension and compression of the alveolar bone side during OMF (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Osterix, ALP, and osteopontin expressions were significantly more enhanced post-transplantation of GMSCs with hypoxic-preconditioning than after transplantation of normoxic-preconditioned GMSCs in rabbits (O. cuniculus) induced with OMF.
The Association between Dental Pain and Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Population-Based Study in Indonesia
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Maulina Tantry , Nair Rahul
Published: November 2023

Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of dental pain and its association with psychological symptoms: stress and depression.

Materials and Methods The 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey data were used for the abovementioned purposes. Records of self-reported dental pain and stress as well as the occurrence of depression based on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale were analyzed. Multivariable ordinal regression models were fitted to test the hypothesized associations between dental pain and each of the psychological symptoms, controlling for age, sex, education, wealth, and religiosity.

Results Dental pain prevalence among Indonesian population was approximately 15%. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from the ordinal regression models indicated that dental pain was related to the increase of the stress and depression level (OR: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.49 and OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.41–1.79, respectively). Higher education, higher wealth, and being male are risk factors for stress. However, higher wealth and being male are protective factors for depression. Furthermore, higher religious level was a protective factor for both stress and depression.

Conclusion Dental pain was associated with a higher level of stress and a higher score of depression, even after being adjusted with age, sex, education, wealth, and religiosity.
New Insight of Scaffold Based on Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/Bacteria's Nanocellulose (BN) for Dental Tissue Engineering
Authors: Anitasari Silvia , Budi Hendrik Setia , Shen Yung-Kang , Arina Yuliana Mahdiyah Da'at
Published: November 2023

Objective Bacterial nanocellulose (BN), derived from Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 237672, is a polymer that offers several desirable characteristics for scaffolds applications. To further enhance the characteristic of the BN scaffold, hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Anadara granosa and Achatina fulica can be incorporated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the physical properties of a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made of HAp and BN.

Materials and Methods The scaffold was developed using the cellulose immersion technique, where BN was soaked in HAp suspension for different duration (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours). The physical properties that were evaluated included porosity, pore density, swelling ratio, and water retention.

Results The HAp/BN 3D scaffold, which is considered a hydrogel material, exhibited favorable physical properties that can support cell survival. The total porosity of the scaffolds was 100%. There was no significant difference porosity among the groups (p > 0.05). The swelling ratio increased on day 1 and then sharply decreased on day 2. There was a significant difference between the groups on both day 1 and day 2 (p < 0.05). The scaffolds immersed in the HAp for more than 15 hours exhibited higher water retention compared to the other groups, and there was a significant difference between the groups on day 2 and day 4 (p < 0.05). The scaffold immersed for more than 15 hours exhibited a higher pore density compared to those immersed for less than 15 hours, and there was no a significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that the HAp/BN 3D scaffold, especially when immersed in HAp for 15 hours, possesses promising physical properties that make it suitable for various applications in dental tissue engineering.
Angiogenic Potential of Various Oral Cavity–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cell-Derived Secretome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shekatkar Madhura , Kheur Supriya , Deshpande Shantanu , Sanap Avinash , Kharat Avinash , Navalakha Shivani , Gupta Archana , Kheur Mohit , Bhonde Ramesh , Merchant Yash P.
Published: November 2023

Recent evidence suggests the immense potential of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) secretome conditioned medium-mediated augmentation of angiogenesis. However, angiogenesis potential varies from source and origin. The hMSCs derived from the oral cavity share an exceptional quality due to their origin from a hypoxic environment. Our systematic review aimed to compare the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various oral cavity sources and cell-derived secretomes, and evaluate their angiogenic potential. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus from January 2000 to September 2020. Source-wise outcomes were systematically analyzed using in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo studies, emphasizing endothelial cell migration, tube formation, and blood vessel formation. Ninety-four studies were included in the systematic review, out of which 4 studies were subsequently included in the meta-analysis. Prominent growth factors and other bioactive components implicated in improving angiogenesis were included in the respective studies. The findings suggest that oral tissues are a rich source of hMSCs. The meta-analysis revealed a positive correlation between dental pulp–derived MSCs (DPMSCs) and stem cells derived from apical papilla (SCAP) compared to human umbilical cord–derived endothelial cell lines as a control. It shows a statistically significant positive correlation between the co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and DPMSCs with tubule length formation and total branching points. Our meta-analysis revealed that oral-derived MSCs (dental pulp stem cells and SCAP) carry a better angiogenic potential in vitro than endothelial cell lines alone. The reviewed literature illustrates that oral cavity–derived MSCs (OC-MSCs) increased angiogenesis. The present literature reveals a dearth of investigations involving sources other than dental pulp. Even though OC-MSCs have revealed more significant potential than other MSCs, more comprehensive, target-oriented interinstitutional prospective studies are warranted to determine whether oral cavity–derived stem cells are the most excellent sources of significant angiogenic potential.
Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Shah Trusha , Venur Vyshak A.
Published: November 2023

Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that primarily affects the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of CNSL encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis. Although the main focus is on primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), ocular lymphoma, primary leptomeningeal lymphoma, and secondary CNS lymphoma are also discussed. The pathobiology of CNSL involves the infiltration of malignant lymphocytes within the CNS parenchyma or leptomeninges. Various risk factors and immunological mechanisms contribute to its development, including immunodeficiency states, chronic inflammation, and genomic alterations. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, given the heterogeneous clinical presentation. The neuroimaging, systemic imaging, and other modalities for diagnosis and evaluation for extent of disease involvement will be discussed. Additionally, the importance of histopathological examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and molecular testing in confirming the diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions are highlighted. The treatment landscape for CNSL has evolved significantly. Therapeutic approaches encompass a multimodal strategy combining high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy, consolidation with whole-brain radiation therapy, and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunomodulatory agents offer promising avenues for future treatment options. We review the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors influencing the survival of CNSL patients, including age, performance status, disease stage, and genetic abnormalities.
Evaluation of Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Pathologies and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Changes—A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study
Authors: Kaimal Vinitha G. , Patil Bharati
Published: November 2023

Introduction Odontogenic infections are one of the common causes of maxillary sinusitis. With the close proximity of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor, the infection may spread into the sinus causing sinus mucosal thickening. This study aims to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth periapical pathologies and maxillary sinus mucosal changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods One-hundred six maxillary posterior teeth with periapical lesions were included in this study and were assessed using CBCT images by two maxillofacial radiologists. The proximity of the roots to the sinus floor, the proximity of the top edge of the periapical lesion to the sinus floor, and the sinus mucosal changes associated with the periapical lesions were studied. The size of the periapical lesion was measured and scored using CBCT periapical index. Mucosal thickening more than 2 mm was considered pathological and the type, pattern, and severity of mucosal thickening were assessed. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests at a level of significance set at p-value less than 0.05.

Results Among the 106 teeth with periapical lesions, 99 teeth (93.4%) revealed the presence of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. The prevalence of mucosal thickening increased significantly with the presence of cortical bone destruction, the close proximity of the root, and the periapical lesion to the sinus floor. The generalized type of mucosal thickening was more prevalent with larger periapical lesions and a significant increase in the severity of the thickening was observed closer spatial relationship of the root to the sinus floor.

Conclusion Periapical pathologies of maxillary posterior teeth often cause sinus mucosal thickening. The early diagnosis and management of these pathologies will be helpful in preventing the spread of infection into the maxillary sinus.
Social Learning and Reputation Management in an Espionage Crisis
Authors: Kuoppakangas Päivikki , Hagman Sirkka , Stenvall Jari , Kinder Tony
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this qualitative case study comprising 18 thematic interviews was to explore social learning and provide an internal focus on the development path of an international company coping in a crisis. EC is an international engineering and design agency that grew from a small business to a medium-sized enterprise during the crisis era. Since it began operations in 2011, there has been a suspicion of industrial espionage, directed at the founders of the company, including the CEO. Managing internal and external reputations in these circumstances is challenging, as the company builds its legitimacy. The data were content analysed and the results of the study concluded that social learning is crucial to surviving crises. The abductive content analysis and findings of this study are threefold. First, it is suggested that social learning enhances organisational coping in the midst of a crisis. Next, to manage business development and organisational reputation during the crisis, it is necessary to use distributed learning, thinking and doing simultaneously. Thus, the core business and the need for ongoing espionage crime detection create potential harm to the company’s external reputation. Nevertheless, EC’s revenue continuously increased and the trust of clients was maintained.
The discovery of gumming disease of sugarcane in Australia
Authors: Ryley Malcolm J.
Published: November 2023

Sugarcane is one of Australia’s major agricultural industries, with approximately 95% of the crop being grown in Queensland and the remainder in northern New South Wales. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, cane growers in northern New South Wales started to see a new disease that resulted not only in the death of plants but also in difficulties in the extraction of sugar. Theories about the cause abounded, but investigations by the New South Wales vegetable pathologist Nathan Cobb revealed that the disease, previously unknown to the world, was caused by a microbe in the creamy ‘gum’ that could be commonly found in the vascular tissues of affected stalks. He named the organism Bacillus vascularum (now known as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum). For some time after, the disease was known as ‘Cobb’s gumming disease of sugarcane’. The Australian bacteriologist Robert Greig-Smith was not convinced that Cobb had conclusively demonstrated that B. vascularum was the culprit, mainly because he did not satisfy Koch’s Postulates. However, the American bacteriologist Erwin Frink Smith came to Cobb’s rescue when he proved beyond doubt that B. vascularum was to blame. The disease is now known simply as ‘gumming disease of sugarcane’.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 22Na to include the 2022 result of the NMISA (South Africa)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Rooy Milton W Van , Lubbe Joline , Staden Martin J van
Published: November 2023

Main text

Since 1976, 13 laboratories have submitted 30 samples of 22Na to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22. Recently, the NMISA (South Africa) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).