bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metonymy and word-formation revisited
Authors: Janda Laura A.
Published: June 2014

Brdar and Brdar-Szabó (this volume) offer a critique of Janda (2011). Janda (2011) found that the same cognitive strategy that facilitates metonymy, namely use of a conceptual source to access a target, can also be invoked in many patterns of affixal word-formation. In other words, many cases of word-formation appear to be motivated by metonymic association. Brdar and Brdar-Szabó claim that it is incorrect to refer to word-formational processes as metonymies. In addition to the robust parallels evidenced in my data, I offer three arguments to defend my use of the term “metonymy”: (1) a broader definition of metonymy facilitates more insightful generalizations; (2) there is no fixed boundary between lexical metonymy and word-formational metonymy since they coexist in the lexicon-grammar continuum; and (3) context, whether it be a suffix or other cues, is always a factor in metonymy.
The semantics of the transitive causative construction: Evidence from a forced-choice pointing study with adults and children
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Noble Claire H. , Lieven Elena V. M.
Published: June 2014

Adults and children aged 3;0–3;6 were presented with ungrammatical NVN uses of intransitive-only verbs (e.g., *Bob laughed Wendy) and asked – by means of a forced-choice pointing task – to select either a causal construction-meaning interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob made Wendy laugh’) or a non-causal sentence-repair interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob laughed at Wendy’). Both age groups chose casual construction-meaning interpretations on at least 82% of trials, regardless of (a) verb frequency and (b) the construction used for grammatical control/filler trials (transitive – e.g., Bob moved Wendy – or intransitive – e.g., Wendy moved). These findings constitute support for cognitive linguistic approaches under which verb argument structure constructions have meanings in and of themselves and – further – suggest that construction meaning is sufficiently powerful as to overrule verb meaning when the two conflict.
Deconstructing a verbal illusion: The ‘No X is too Y to Z’ construction and the rhetoric of negation
Authors: Fortuin Egbert
Published: June 2014

The sentence No head injury is too trivial to be ignored is often presented as a verbal illusion. According to the standard view, this sentence, which seems perfectly acceptable at first sight, is in fact logically incorrect. It is usually assumed that sentences such as these are produced as the result of negation overload, but get a coherent interpretation because of shallow processing, and because of pragmatic factors, which overrule semantics and syntax. In this paper it is argued that this analysis is incorrect and that No head injury is too trivial to be ignored can be seen as an instance of the negative ‘No X is too Z to Y’ construction, which is a sub-construction of the abstract ‘No X is too Y to Z’ construction. This negative construction can be seen as a conventionalized construction (form-meaning unit) that has a transparent (i.e. linguistically analyzable) syntactic structure that can be linked to and motivated by other constructions. It is shown that the occurrence of negative ‘No X is too Z to Y’ construction has to do with the rhetorical function of the infinitival verb in these sentences, and the need to express particular information by a form-meaning element. This study stresses the importance of the rhetorical dimension of constructions.
Dechlorination Mechanism of CuCl Residue from Zinc Hydrometallurgy by Microwave Roasting
Authors: Lu Shuaidan , Ju Shaohua , Peng Jinhui , Zhu Xiaoping , Srinivasakannan C. , Zhang Libo , Tu Ganfeng
Published: June 2014

Removal of chlorine (Cl) from the CuCl residue in the process of zinc hydrometallurgy is of great importance to improve the process economics. The current processing methods result in generation of large quantities of polluted discharge necessitating waste treatment systems. The present work attempts to de-chlorinate the CuCl residue through thermal treatment with application of microwave, towards which the effect of the major experimental factors such as roasting temperature, heating duration and particle size of samples on the process has been investigated. And the changes of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the dechlorination reactions are calculated which show that: 1) CuCl can react with H
Kinetic Modelling of Photoconversion of Phenol by a Photo-Fenton Reagent and UV
Authors: Villota Natalia , Camarero Luis Miguel , Lomas Jose Maria , Legaristi Mikel
Published: June 2014

This study analyses the oxidation of phenol using Fenton reagent in presence of ultraviolet light, enhancing the mineralization capacity of the treatment. Phenol oxidation generates reaction intermediates more toxic and refractory than phenol itself. Thus, the reaction must be carried out under harder conditions, leading these compounds to biodegradable acids that can be dumped into public sewages. Then, this paper considers a complete kinetic modelling of the phenol oxidation stages, differentiating the formation rate of species generated through ortho, meta and para pathways. The model is based on a mechanism of series reactions, wherein a first step degrades into dihydroxylated intermediates (catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone). A second stage leads to tri-hydroxylated rings (pyrogallol) and benzoquinones (o-benzoquinone and p-benzoquinone), and both species may coexist in the reaction mixture. Next, if conditions are sufficiently oxidizing, they decompose into biodegradable organic acids (muconic, formic or acetic acids). In this mechanism, the parallel reactions, due to the presence of the metal catalyst, are considered. So, on one hand, there is a formation of metal complexes between species ortho-substituted and ferric ions from the catalyst. On the other hand, there is a precipitation of part of the initial catalyst as ferric hydroxide, due to the presence of ultraviolet light, which is determined by the operation pH.

Studies have been performed on the selectivity of the oxidation in function of the reaction conditions. Then, when operating with pH = 3.0, oxidation was favoured via ortho-substituted compounds. Treatment is advisable within Pho = 100–300 mg/L, being necessary to apply molar ratios of oxidant above R = 6.0 mol H2O2/mol C6H5OH to degrade these intermediates. Moreover, kinetic constants of formation of generated species are estimated, supposing that follows an evolution comparable to first-order reactions. Analysis checks that these kinetic constants present some relation to the operating conditions. In this way, a mathematical estimation is presented, showing the dependence of the kinetics on the parameters controlling the process (pH, initial concentration of phenol, oxidant molar ratio, catalyst dosage and temperature). As a result, the behaviour of the system can be predicted within the considered range.
Critical Reflections on Rothbard’s Concept of Gross Investment
Authors: Braun Eduard
Published: June 2014

This paper critiques Rothbard’s ([1962] 2004. Man, Economy, and State – A Treatise on Economic Principles. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute) concept of gross investment. Rothbard introduced the concept in order to demonstrate his point that it is not consumer spending that primarily drives the economy, like the mainstream Keynesian view maintains, but the capitalists’ spending. In this paper, it is argued that, contrary to Rothbard’s opinion, the amount of gross investment as he defines it does not contain significant information concerning the question as to whether the capital structure of a society can be upheld or not. Instead, it is an arbitrary figure that depends on the length of the different stages of production. This problem has not been recognized by Rothbard because his exposition rests upon the assumption of an equal time length for all stages. Apparently, he has been led astray by his intention to find arguments against the importance of consumer spending in the determination of output.
Lq
-regularization for the inverse Robin problem
Authors: Fan Qibin , Jiao Yuling , Lu Xiliang , Sun Zhiyuan
Published: June 2014

In this paper, an inverse Robin problem for an elliptic equation is investigated. The Robin coefficient is assumed to be a small perturbation from a reference coefficient, hence a sparse structure is a priori known. An Lq
-regularized output least square formulation is considered with q ∈ (0,1). The existence of the minimizer is proved. The convergence of the finite element discretization with respect to mesh size is shown. A modified Newton algorithm is applied to solve the smoothing first order optimality system. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
An identification problem related to the Biot system
Authors: Priimenko Viatcheslav I. , Vishnevskii Mikhail P.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we study the propagation of elastic waves in porous media governed by the Biot equations in the low frequency range. We prove the existence and uniqueness result both for the direct problem and the inverse one, which consists in identifying the unknown scalar function f(t) in the body density force f(t)𝐠(𝐱,t) acting on a poroelastic body when some additional measurement is available.
Are preterm newborns who have relative hyperthyrotropinemia at increased risk of brain damage?
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Soto-Rivera Carmen L. , Fichorova Raina N. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Kuban Karl C.K. , O’Shea T. Michael , Paneth Nigel , Agus Michael , Dammann Olaf , Leviton Alan
Published: June 2014

We sought to disentangle the contributions of hyperthyrotropinemia (an indicator of thyroid dysfunction) (HTT) and intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI) to structural and functional indicators of brain damage.

We measured the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on day 14 and of 25 inflammation-related proteins in blood collected during the first 2 postnatal weeks from 786 infants born before the 28th week of gestation who were not considered to have hypothyroidism. We defined hyperthyrotropinemia (HTT) as a TSH concentration in the highest quartile for gestational age on postnatal day 14 and ISSI was defined as a concentration in the top quartile for gestational age of a specific inflammation-related protein on 2 separate days a week apart during the first 2 postnatal weeks. We first assessed the risk of brain damage indicators by comparing 1) neonates who had HTT to those without (regardless of ISSI) and 2) neonates with HTT only, ISSI only, or HTT+ISSI to those who were exposed to neither HTT nor ISSI.

In univariable models that compared those with HTT to those without, HTT was not significantly associated with any indicator of brain damage. In models that compared HTT only, ISSI only, and HTT+ISSI to those with neither, children with ISSI only or with HTT+ISSI were at significantly higher risk of ventriculomegaly [odds ratios (ORs) 2–6], whereas those with HTT only were at significantly reduced risk of a hypoechoic lesion (ORs 0.2–0.4). Children with HTT only had a higher risk of quadriparesis and those with ISSI alone had a higher risk of hemiparesis (ORs 1.6–2.4). Elevated risk of a very low mental development score was associated with both ISSI only and HTT+ISSI, whereas a very low motor development score and microcephaly were associated with HTT+ISSI.

The association of HTT with increased or decreased risk of indicators of brain damage depends on the presence or absence of ISSI.
Postnatal kidney maturation regulates renal artery myogenic constriction
Authors: Soni Hitesh , Buddington Randal K. , Adebiyi Adebowale
Published: June 2014

Aim: Intravascular pressure-induced vasoconstriction (myogenic constriction) is central to renal blood flow autoregulation. At term, kidney maturation is functionally incomplete. Premature neonates are at risk of kidney dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether renal artery myogenic constriction is altered after preterm birth. Here, we compared renal artery myogenic constriction in full-term and preterm pigs during the first week of life.

Methods: We investigated myogenic constriction in small interlobular arteries isolated from the kidneys of pigs delivered at term and at 91% of term (with and without 96 h of neonatal intensive care).

Results: Cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and luminal diameter measured under passive conditions were similar in arteries from full-term and preterm pig kidneys. An acute elevation in intravascular pressure from 20 to 100 mm Hg increased arterial wall tension and induced steady-state constriction of the arteries. However, arteries isolated from newly born preterm pigs (within 24 h) developed greater myogenic tone and lower active wall tension compared with arteries from full-term and 4-day-old preterm neonates. Pressure-induced elevation in intracellular Ca2+ was also larger in arteries from newly born preterm pigs compared with full-term and 4-day-old preterm pigs.

Conclusion: Myogenic constriction is elevated in newly born preterm pigs. Our data also suggests that postnatal kidney maturation may modulate renal blood flow autoregulation.
Preconditioning actions of aldosterone through p38 signaling modulation in isolated rat hearts
Authors: Yoshino Takuya , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Anzawa Ryuko , Kashiwagi Yusuke , Ito Keiichi , Katoh Daisuke , Fujisaki Masami , Kayama Yosuke , Date Taro , Hongo Kenichi , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: June 2014

Although persistent excessive actions of aldosterone have unfavorable effects on the cardiovascular system, primarily via mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent pathways, the pathophysiological significance of aldosterone cascade activation in heart diseases has not yet been fully clarified. We herein examined the effects of short-term aldosterone stimulation at a physiological dose on cardiac function during ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). In order to study the effects of aldosterone preconditioning, male Wistar rat Langendorff hearts were perfused with 10−9 mol/l of aldosterone for 10 min before ischemia, and the response to IRI was assessed. Although aldosterone did not affect the baseline hemodynamic parameters, preconditioning actions of aldosterone significantly improved the recovery in left ventricular contractility and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure associated with a reduced activity of creatine phosphokinase released into the perfusate after ischemia–reperfusion. Notably, the MR inhibitor eplerenone did not abrogate these beneficial effects. Biochemical analyses revealed that p38MAPK phosphorylation was significantly increased during aldosterone preconditioning before ischemia, whereas its phosphorylation was substantially attenuated during sustained ischemia–reperfusion, compared with the results for in the non-preconditioned control hearts. This dual regulation of p38MAPK was not affected by eplerenone. The phosphorylation levels of other MAPKs were not altered by aldosterone preconditioning. In conclusion, the temporal induction of the aldosterone cascade, at a physiological dose, has favorable effects on cardiac functional recovery and injury following ischemia–reperfusion in a MR-independent manner. Phasic dynamism of p38MAPK activation may play a key role in the physiological compensatory pathway of aldosterone under severe cardiac pathological conditions.
Effects of genetics and in utero diet on murine pancreatic development
Authors: Lin Chia-Lei , Williams Lyda , Seki Yoshinori , Kaur Harpreet , Hartil Kirsten , Fiallo Ariana , Glenn A Scott , Katz Ellen B , Charron Maureen J , Vuguin Patricia M
Published: June 2014

Intrauterine (IU) malnutrition could alter pancreatic development. In this study, we describe the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy on fetal growth and pancreatic morphology in an ‘at risk’ animal model of metabolic disease, the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) heterozygous mouse (G4+/−). WT female mice mated with G4+/− males were fed HFD or control diet (CD) for 2 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. At embryonic day 18.5, fetuses were killed and pancreata isolated for analysis of morphology and expression of genes involved in insulin (INS) cell development, proliferation, apoptosis, glucose transport and function. Compared with WT CD, WT HFD fetal pancreata had a 2.4-fold increase in the number of glucagon (GLU) cells (P=0.023). HFD also increased GLU cell size by 18% in WT pancreata compared with WT CD. Compared with WT CD, G4+/− CD had an increased number of INS cells and decreased INS and GLU cell size. Compared with G4+/− CD, G4+/− HFD fetuses had increased pancreatic gene expression ofIgf2, a mitogen and inhibitor of apoptosis. The expression of genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, glucose transport, and INS secretion was not altered in WT HFD compared with G4+/− HFD pancreata. In contrast to WT HFD pancreata, HFD exposure did not alter pancreatic islet morphology in fetuses with GLUT4 haploinsufficiency; this may be mediated in part by increasedIgf2expression. Thus, interactions between IU diet and fetal genetics may play a critical role in the developmental origins of health and disease.
Open-Access Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Frequently Leads to Additional Colonoscopy in Symptomatic Patients over 50 years
Authors: Pullens Hendrikus J.M. , Joosten Marieke , Siersema Peter D. , Brink Menno A.
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: General practitioners (GPs) in the Netherlands have open access to flexiblesigmoidoscopy (FS) for patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms, but not to colonoscopy. This studywas performed to investigate the yield of FS in GP-referred patients, to evaluate the proportion of patientsin whom additional colonoscopy was performed and to investigate whether there was a subgroup of patients referred for symptoms with a low risk of detecting significant findings.Methods: All patients undergoing FS in 2008 and 2009 who were referred by GPs were analyzed. Indications for additional colonoscopy were the presence of polyps and/or colorectal cancer (CRC), polyp screening or surveillance, incomplete FS or other reasons.Results: In total, 916 patients underwent FS. A cause for the symptoms was found in 44.2% of patients. In patients aged 50 years or older, additional colonoscopy was more frequently performed than in younger patients (27.5% vs. 9.6%, OR=3.6 [95% CI 2.4-5.4]), mainly due to a higher prevalence of adenomatous polyps (29.9% vs. 10.5%, OR=3.6 [95% CI 2.4-5.4]) and CRC (7.5% vs. 1.3%, OR=6.2 [95% CI 2.2-17.5]) during FS. In 7.8% patients undergoing FS for abdominal pain as the presenting symptom, a probable cause for the symptoms was found, mainly diverticular disease.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of polyps and CRC in symptomatic patients aged 50 years or older undergoing FS, an additional colonoscopy is performed frequently. In patients referred with abdominal pain, FS is unlikely to reveal a relevant cause for the symptoms.
Hepatic Arterioportal Fistula Presenting as Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage
Authors: Kakati Bobby R. , Pedersen Mark R. , Chen Steve Y. , Hirsch Kevin S. , Berggreen Paul J. , Seetharam Anil B.
Published: June 2014

Hepatic arterioportal fistulae (APF) are abnormal communications between the hepatic artery and the portal vein. In this report, we present the second case in the literature of a symptomatic APF presenting as a gastric variceal bleeding. A 55-year-old female presented to our facility with hematemesis. Upper endoscopy revealed a bleeding gastric varix. A computed tomography scan identified a large left hepatic lobe APF between the left hepatic artery and the left portal vein. Through angiography coil embolization was performed and with resultant loss of arterial flow, the APF was decompressed. On hospital day 3, the patient developed new melena. Portovenogram was performed and a TIPS stent was deployed. The patient subsequently did well. Hepatic arterioportal fistulae can result in portal hypertension secondary to arterial blood flowing directly into the portal vein bypassing the hepatic sinusoids. Iatrogenic causes (e.g. percutaneous liver biopsy) represent more than 50% of published cases of APFs. Most APFs resolve spontaneously as they are small and peripherally located. In rare instances, when APFs are centrally located, clinical symptoms develop. There have been 30 reported cases of symptomatic intrahepatic APFs following percutaneous liver biopsy. Of those, only one case presented as a gastric variceal bleed. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard in the diagnosis and treatment of APFs. In addition to initial embolization, we elected to treat the patient with TIPS due to the magnitude of her bleed. Although rare, intrahepatic APF should be kept on the differential of a patient presenting with isolated gastric varices.
Endogenous Heparinoids Detected by anti-Xa Activity are Present in Blood during Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis. A Prospective Study
Authors: Triantos Christos , Louvros Emmanuel , Kalafateli Maria , Riddell Anne , Thalheimer Ulrich , Michailidou Maria , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Lampropoulou-Karatza Chryssoula , Gogos Charalambos , Nikolopoulou Vasiliki , Burroughs Andrew K
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: Endogenous heparinoids have been detected by thromboelastography and quantified by clotting based anti-Xa activity assays in patients with cirrhosis, but their presence in variceal bleeding has not been established yet.Methods: Clotting based anti-Xa activity was measured in A) 30 cirrhotics with variceal bleeding, B) 15 noncirrhotics with peptic ulcer bleeding, C) 10 cirrhotics without infection or bleeding, and D) 10 cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ulcer bleeders or in cirrhotics without infection or bleedingbut was present in seven (23%) variceal bleeders (median levels: 0.03 u/mL (0.01-0.07)) and was quantifiable for 3 days in six of seven patients. Four of seven variceal bleeders with anti-Xa activity present had HCC (p=0.023). Age, creatinine, platelet count and total infections the second day from admission were significantly correlated with the presence of measureable anti-Xa levels (p=0.014, 0.032, 0.004 and 0.019, respectively). In the HCC group, anti-Xa activity was present in three patients (30%) [median levels: 0.05 u/mL (0.01-0.06)].Conclusions: In this study, variceal bleeders and 30% of the patients with HCC had endogenous heparinoids that were detected by a clotting based anti-Xa activity assay, whereas there was no anti Xa activity present in patients with cirrhosis without infection, or bleeding or HCC, nor in those with ulcer bleeding. Thus, the anti-Xa activity is likely to be a response to bacterial infection and/or presence of HCC in cirrhosis.List of abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CP, Child-Pugh; FXa, activated factor X; GAGS, glycosaminoglycans; Hb, hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, International normalized ratio; LMWHs, low molecular weight heparins; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, sponataneous bacterial peritonitis; TEG, thromboelastography; WBC, white blood cells.
CD133/CD166/Ki-67 Triple Immunouorescence Assessment for Putative Cancer Stem Cells in Colon Carcinoma*
Authors: Margaritescu Claudiu , Pirici Daniel , Cherciu Irina , Barbalan Alexandru , Cârtâna Tatiana , Saftoiu Adrian
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer represents the third most common malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The existence of drug-resistant colon cancer stem cells is thought to be one of the most important reasons behind treatment failure in colon cancer, their existence putatively leading to metastasis and recurrences. The aim of our study was to investigate the immunoexpression patterns of CD133 and CD166 in colon carcinoma, both individually and in combination, assessing their significance as prognostic markers.Methods. A total of 45 retrospective colon adenocarcinoma cases were investigated by enzymatic and multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry for their CD133 and CD166 expression and colocalization.Results. Both CD133 and CD166 were expressed to different extents in all cancer specimens, with apredominant cytoplasmic pattern for CD133 and a more obvious membranous-like pattern for CD166.Overall, when comparing their reactivity for the tumoral tissue, CD166 expression areas seemed to be smaller than those of CD133. However, there was a direct correlation between CD133 and CD166 expression levels throughout the entire spectrum of lesions, with higher values for dysplastic lesions. Colocalization of CD133/ CD166 was obvious at the level of cells membranes, with higher coeficients in high grade dysplasia, followed by well and moderate differentiated tumours.Conclusions. CD133/CD166 colocalization is an early event occurring in colon tumorigenesis, with thehighest coeficients recorded for patients with high grade dysplasia, followed by well differentiated tumours. Thus, we consider that the coexpression of these two markers could be useful for further prognostic andtherapeutically stratification of patients with colon cancer.Abbreviations: AJCC - American Joint Committee on Cancer; CCD - charge-coupled device camera sensor; CD133 - prominin-1 (PROM1); CD166 - Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM); CRC - colorectal cancer; CSC - cancer stem cells; DAB - 3,3'-diaminobenzidine chromogen; DAPI - 4',6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole; HE - Hematoxylin and eosin staining; HGD - high grade dysplasia; HRP - horseradish peroxidase; LGD - low grade dysplasia; SDS - sodium dodecyl sulfate*Part of this work has been accepted as a poster presentation at the Digestive Disease Week (DDW) meeting, Chicago, IL, USA May 3-6, 2014
Endoscopic Retroexion Treats Bleed within Duodenal Bulb
Authors: Bose Konika P. , Gutkin Ellen , Yalamanchi Vinay
Published: June 2014

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A Rare Cause of Dysphagia
Authors: Rimbas Mihai , Haidar Andrei
Published: June 2014

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Increased IgA Glycoprotein-2 Specic Antibody Titres in Refractory Celiac Disease
Authors: Gross Sascha , Bakker Sjoerd F. , Van Bodegraven Adriaan A. , Van Hoogstraten Ingrid M.W. , Gelderman Kyra A. , Bouma Gerd , Mulder Chris J. , Von Blomberg B. Mary E. , Bontkes Hetty J.
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: In most cases celiac disease (CD) is successfully treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, some patients become refractory to the GFD. Refractory CD (RCD) patients have an increased risk for developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma and early diagnosis is therefore of importance. Currently, RCD diagnosis relies on endoscopy and adequate serological markers are lacking. Antibodies against glycoprotein-2 (GP2A) were described in Crohn's disease (CrD) and active CD but not in ulcerative colitis (UC), suggesting this is a specific marker for small intestinal lesions.Methods: Sera obtained from patients visiting our outpatient clinic for routine serological tests for diagnosis and/or follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease (n=78), active CD (n=45), GFD (n=34) and RCD (n=15) were analysed for GP2A titres.Results: Increased GP2A-IgA levels in CrD and active CD as compared to controls (p<0.001) and lack thereof in UC was confirmed. However, we could not confirm the association with small bowel localization within the CrD patient group. Within CD patients, we demonstrated a significant decrease of GP2A-IgA titres upon a GFD and increased levels in RCD patients as compared to patients on a GFD. Although GP2A-IgA was not associated with the degree of villous atrophy, GP2A-IgA levels were able to distinguish RCD patients from GFD patients (ROC AUC=0.79, p=0.002).Conclusion: Follow-up of GP2A-IgA titres in CD patients on a GFD may help to identify patients at risk for developing RCD.Abbreviations: ABSA: anti-bovine serum albumine; ASCA: anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antigen; AU:artificial units; AUC: area under the curve; CD: celiac disease; CrD: Crohn's disease; EATL: enteropathyassociated T-cell lymphoma; EmA: anti-endomysium antibodies; GFD: gluten free diet; GP2A: glycoprotein 2 antibodies; IEL: intraepithelial lymphocytes; RCD: refractory celiac disease; ROC: receiver operator curve; TG2A: transglutaminase-2 antibodies; UC: ulcerative colitis.
Neoadjuvant Conformal Chemoradiation with Induction Chemotherapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma. A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Fekete Zsolt , Muntean Alina-Simona , Hica Stefan , Rancea Alin , Resiga Liliana , Csutak Csaba , Todor Nicolae , Nagy Viorica Magdalena
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: The purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the rate andthe prognostic factors for down-staging and complete response for rectal adenocarcinoma after inductionchemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, and to analyze the rate of sphinctersaving surgery.Methods: We included from March 2011 to October 2013 a number of 88 patients hospitalized with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma in the Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj. The treatment schedule included 2-4 cycles of Oxaliplatin plus a fluoropyrimidine followed by concomitant chemoradiation with a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions combined with a fluoropyrimidine monotherapy.Results:The rate of T down-staging was 49.4% (40/81 evaluable patients). Independent prognostic factors for T down-staging were: age >57 years (p<0.01), cN0 (p<0.01), distance from anal verge >5 cm (p<0.01), initial CEA <6.2 ng/ml (p<0.01), higher number of chemotherapy cycles with Oxaliplatin (pROC=0.05) and protraction of radiotherapy of >35 days (p<0.01). Nine patients from 81 (11.1%) presented complete response (7 pathological and 2 clinical); the independent prognostic factors were stage cT2 versus cT3-4 (p<0.01), initial tumor size ≤3.5 cm and distance from anal verge >5 cm (p=0.03). Sixty-eight patients (79.1%) underwent radical surgery and among them 35 patients (51.5 %) had a sphincter saving procedure.Conclusions: Induction chemotherapy with neoadjuvant chemoradiation produced important down-staging in rectal adenocarcinoma. Independent prognostic factors for T down-staging were: age, cN0, distance from anal verge, initial CEA, the number of Oxaliplatin cycles and duration of radiotherapy; for complete response: cT2, initial tumor size and distance from the anal verge. Abbreviations: 5FU: 5-fluorouracil; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; AV: anal verge; CAPOX: Capecitabine plus Oxaliplatin; CCR: clinical complete response; CRT: chemoradiation; CTC4.0: Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0; ECOG: Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group; EUS: endorectal ultrasound; FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil plus Oxaliplatin; LARC: locally advanced rectal cancer; PCR: pathological complete response; PS: performance status; PTV: planning target volume; R0: Resection, 0 (microscopically clear resection margin); ROC curve: receiver operating characteristic curve; TME: total mesorectal excision; TRG: tumor regression grade.
Cross-talk between the Liver, Heart and Kidney – another Piece in the Puzzle
Authors: Krag Aleksander , Gluud Lise Lotte
Published: June 2014

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Drug Rediscovery to Prevent O-Label Prescription Reduces Health Care Costs: the Case of Tioguanine in e Netherlands
Authors: Mulder Chris J. J. , Van Asseldonk Dirk P. , De Boer Nanne K. H.
Published: June 2014

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Voice Teachers’ Strategies to Overcome Performance Anxiety
Authors: Kiik-Salupere Vaike
Published: June 2014

Increasing competition among musicians on the contemporary scene implies additional requirements for them in terms of versatility and competitiveness. Performance anxiety usually manifests itself in negative changes in mental and physical sense of self before a performance. In recent years increasingly more attention has been paid to problems influencing musicians’ performance. Performance anxiety is undoubtedly one of the negative factors each performer has to face to a greater or lesser degree. As a rule, performers are sensitive and emotional in nature and it is not likely that the audience would enjoy watching a dull or completely rational performance. The purpose of this study is to learn how professional classical singers and voice teachers cope with performance anxiety. We are interested in how they maintain well-being and mental balance needed for a successful performance, which pre-performance anxiety suppressing activities they find most efficient and which ones they have suggested to their students. The study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 12 recognised classical singers and vocal pedagogues, who were working or had worked as soloists at Estonian National Opera, or as oratorio or chamber singers. To allow organisation, categorisation and analysis of the received information, the texts were processed with the qualitative research software Nvivo 7. Coping successfully with performances all singers had developed a daily schedule which had often become their lifestyle to which they did not attach special importance on a daily basis. Support of the family was considered important and it was seen as natural that family members follow and respect the singer’s rhythm of life. All singers stressed that most difficult for them was to maintain vocal health throughout the season and emotional balance in stressful situations.
SCOOP: A Research Tool for Exploring Student Online Search Strategies and Performance
Authors: Zhou Mingming , Xu Yabo , Su Yingbin , Liu Liu
Published: June 2014

The ability to access and process massive amounts of online information is required in many learning models and situations. Research has repeatedly shown, however, that students do not spontaneously develop full-fletched online search skills and thus are unable to successfully solve problems that require web search. In order to develop a better understanding of student online search process especially in academic contexts, we developed a research tool, SCOOP, which aids researchers to gather and analyze relevant information to detect this process. This study involved 12 male students in a Chinese university. All of them were familiar with computers and web. We recorded their search activities with SCOOP as they searched for answers to two essay questions. We evaluated the data by redrawing the search path for each participant and then visually comparing the patterns across participants. We characterized the participants into four types of searcher – “active regulatory searchers”, “inactive regulatory searchers”, “non-regulatory searchers”, and “incapable searchers”. SCOOP builds a more extensive account of student web search process by tracking mouse behavior on web. It is a promising tool that researchers can use to collect online information on web search.
Ṣūfī and Sultāns in Southeast Asia and Kurdistan: A Comparative Survey
Authors: Bruinessen Martin van
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the stories about the relationship between Sufi with the king in the process of Islamization of a society that is a lot of coloring the literature in the Muslim world. This happens due to the fact that the relationship between the world religions (spiritual) with the world powers (the material) is always a problem that is somewhat typical. On the one hand, people tend to assume that a Sufi should not approach politics, because it is contrary to the ascetic world she lived.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.798
Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy wa Tajdīd al-Fiqh fī Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Sarjan M. Andi
Published: June 2014

Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy (1904-1975) was a jurist reformer. The assertion may be begging the question: how can a renewal of thought suggests Jurist. Jurisprudence Is not it synonymous with stagnation? The reaction was understandable given the jurisprudence has long been described as Islamic thought static, dogmatic, rigid, and lacking an appreciation of social change. In this paper will be assessed on the role and influence of Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy particularly among students of Islamic studies because most of his work in the form of text books which became a popular reference them as areas of fiqh, hadith, and 'ulum al-Qur'anDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.802
Pancasila as the Sole Basis for all Political Parties and for all Mass Organizations: An Account of Muslims’ Responses
Authors: Ismail Faisal
Published: June 2014

One of the important policy of the New Order government in the political modernization process was the introduction of Pancasila as the sole foundation for social organizations and politics in Indonesia. Policies established in 1985, is the beginning of the fading aspirarsi basis of political legitimacy-oriented civic religion. Although this policy ultimately gained remarkable success, does not mean religious people in Indonesia accept it without facing a serious crisis-crisis. It can be seen from the response at least religious people who were forced to perform a review of the legitimacy of the social and political life.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i4.778
Does Traditional Islamic Malay Literature Contain Shi‘itic Elements? ‘Ali and Fātimah in Malay Hikayat Literature
Authors: Wieringa Edwin
Published: June 2014

Many experts of classical Malay literature argues that Persian influence is known very well to the traditional Malay literature. This is evident from a number of Malay literary texts are very popular, such as Saga Bakhtiar, Hikayat Amir Hamzah, Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyah and The Book of the Thousand Known issues is a kind of adaptation or translation even langsungdari Persian texts. Key issue of this paper is wanted to be appointed; whether there is influence in the Persian classical Malay literature was once an indication of the influence of Shiite against Sunni Islam which evolved from the beginning of the archipelago?DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i4.795
Ma‘had al-Juntūr Bayna al-Tajdīd wa al-Taqlīd
Authors: As'ad Mahrus
Published: June 2014

Gontor boarding schools founded in 1926 by three brothers scholars commonly known as Trimurti, namely Ahmad Sahal, Zainuddin Fanani, and Zarkasyi. This paper will describe the development of Gontor boarding schools from the beginning has been oriented reform, in contrast with Islamic tradition that tends to traditionalists.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i4.796
Sufism, Power Politics, and Reform: Al-Rānīrī’s Opposition to Hamzah al-Fanṣūrī’s Teachings Reconsidered
Authors: Vakily Abdollah
Published: June 2014

Middle of the seventeenth century witnessed the horror of the Acehnese socio-religious life can not be imagined. These events commonly known as a fatwa banning religious follower of the teachings attributed to great figures Fansuri Hamzah. The books are used as a handle follower Hamzah collected by royal officials, stacked and burned in public. The followers themselves must bear the violence the authorities, because of being chased and forced to 'convert' to no longer follow the belief that later became known as followers of Wujudiyah.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.788
Moenawar Khalil: The Career and Thought of Indonesian Muslim Reformist
Authors: Hamim Toha
Published: June 2014

The study of Islamic reform movement in Indonesia in general give less attention to the genuine character is engaged outside the political arena. Various scientific papers, both national and international levels, as if not take place to the figures, although they are thought to have inspired the emergence of various new movement in Indonesian Islam. This happens not because the figures were not known to the public, but rather that the study of Islamic reform is often written and analyzed within the framework of the social-historical, while ignoring the doctrinal renewal. As a result, scientific works have forgotten the main elements of the reform, namely the intellectual insight of religious teachings.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i2.779
The lslamization of Central Java: the Role of Muslim Lineages in Kalioso
Authors: Headley Stephen
Published: June 2014

This article discusses trends and patterns of Islamization inland Javanese descent who performed a local Muslim family in Kalioso, Central Java, in the late 17th century. The question that should be asked is how the Java community process of Islamization in a smaller community level, district or rural? The pattern is used in the process of Islamization that took place at the level of the communities, especially in inland Java? Is it true that the spread of Islam in the villages also run politically, such as the establishment of the Sultanate of Demak, or take a more cultural way?DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i2.780
Al-Madāris al-Islāmiyyah al-Tābi‘ah li Wazārah al-Shu’ūn al-Dīniyyah ka Madāris Namūzajiyyah 1946-1987
Authors: Rahim Husni
Published: June 2014

When the Dutch colonial period, religious education are taken care of by the two departments, namely the Department van Onderwijst en Eeredinst to religious instruction in public schools and the Department Binnenlandsche Zaken van for teaching religion in Islamic institutions, then the Indonesian independence, the two are taken care of the Department of Islamic teaching religion. The governing must have different properties. Understanding the maintenance of the colonial period was more focused on observing, supervising, and maintaining religious education so as not to harm the interests of the colonial government. Being during the Indonesian independence, the maintenance is manifested in the form of foster, assist, and promote (organization) religious education.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i2.783
Islam and Indonesian Nationalism; the Political Thought of Haji Agus Salim
Authors: Kahfi Emi Haryanti
Published: June 2014

This article discusses aspects of socio-political religious thought Haji Agus Salim. Although the main concern in the effort to synthesize Salim understanding between Islam and nationalism, this article also highlights a variety of political views. He once tried to analyze different exploits Agus Salim in the world of practical politics, religious organizations, to government posts.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i3.771
Kyai and Japanese Military
Authors: Yasuko Kobayashi
Published: June 2014

During the second world war in Southeast Asia, the Japanese army tried to gain the support and cooperation of the people it occupies. In this case the policy becomes very important political Islam in Indonesia, and one prominent characteristic of Japanese politics is concerned with the role of Islamic clerics. But when he landed in Indonesia, the Japanese military has not formulated political Islam is to be implemented. Then immediately stated that the Japanese military government respect the religious population.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i3.772
Indonesian Islam between Particularity and Universality
Authors: Meuleman J.H.
Published: June 2014

The issue of whether and to what extent Islam is part of the universal Islamic religion and civilization or a symptom of local specialties, has been answered in different ways by various scientists and politicians. The debate on this issue ever arise during the colonial era and continuing to the present.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i3.773
Taṭawwur al-Ta‘līm al-‘Alī bi Indūnīsī
Authors: HS. Mastuki
Published: June 2014

Indonesian HIgher Institution of Islamic Learning (Perguruan Tinggi Islam-PTI) was born out of Islamis struggle  which started from the end the Dutch colonial period. The struggle itself was tringgered by the fact that in the 1930s the colonial goverment only established a Technical school (Technische Hoogeschool), a Law School (Rechts Hoogeschool) and a medical school (Geneeskundige Hoggeschool) at tertiary level.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i3.775
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Ferromagnetic Au/Co Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhattarai Nabraj , Khanal Subarna , Bahena Daniel , Whetten Robert L. , Jose-Yacaman Miguel
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of bimetallic magnetic nanoparticles is very challenging because of the agglomeration and non-uniform size. In this paper, we present the synthesis of monodispersed 3-5 nm sized thiolated bimetallic alloyed Au/Co nanoparticles with decahedral and icosahedral shape, their characterization using Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and magnetic measurements using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The Z-contrast imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping showed an inhomogeneous alloying with minor segregation between Au and Co at nanoscale and the SQUID measurement exhibited the ferromagnetic behavior.
Iron Oxide-based Magnetic Nanoparticles for High Temperature Span Magnetocaloric Applications
Authors: Chaudhary V. , Ramanujan R. V.
Published: June 2014

The magnetocaloric effect of chemically synthesized Mn0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles with average crystallite size of 11 nm is reported. The magnitude of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM), calculated from magnetization isotherms in the temperature range of 30 K to 400 K, increases from - 0.16 J-kg-1K-1 for a field of 1 T to - 0.88 J-kg-1K-1 for 5 T at room temperature. Our results indicate that ΔSM values are much higher than primarily reported values for this class of nanoparticles. ΔSM is not limited to the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperature; instead, it occurs over a broad range of temperatures, resulting in high relative cooling power.
Covalent coupling of ionic liquid to carbon nanotubes: preparation and tribological properties
Authors: Taaber Triinu , Põhako-Esko Kaija , Joost Urmas , Külasalu Kadi , Antsov Mikk , Antonov Maksim , Veinthal Renno , Saal Kristjan , Lõhmus Rünno , Mäeorg Uno
Published: June 2014

A new approach for functionalising oxidised MWCNTs using hydroxylated imidazolium bromide via esterification reaction is reported. The bromide anion of a functionalised MWCNTs was exchanged with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI) through a metathesis reaction to improve its solubility in the IL medium. Composite was characterized with IR, XPS, EDX and TGA analysis, which clearly confirmed that the MWCNTs were functionalized with IL. For potential application as lubricant, the tribological properties of the IL-functionalised MWCNTs (MWCNT-IL) were also evaluated. It was confirmed that even low concentrations of MWCNT-IL composite in ILs causes a significant improvement in the anti-wear and friction properties.
Experiencia y percepciones de la diabetes gestacional y su automanejo en un grupo de mujeres multíparas con sobrepeso
Authors: Chávez-Courtois Mayra , Graham Chelsea , Romero-Pérez Irma , Sánchez-Miranda Georgina , Sánchez-Jiménez Bernarda , Perichart-Perera Otilia
Published: June 2014

La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es un problema de salud pública en México, cuya primer línea de tratamiento es la dietoterapia. Se requieren habilidades de automanejo para el control de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se estudiaron cinco mujeres con DMG, quienes manifestaron su percepción de riesgo de la presencia de la DMG y vivencias en algunas prácticas del autocuidado. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos; se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, las cuales se analizaron con el paquete Atlas ti V.5. Los resultados demuestran que las mujeres están conscientes del papel que juega la alimentación y la actividad física en mejorar el control de su enfermedad, además de los riesgos perinatales a los que se asocia la DMG. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas en su mayoría fue parcial, pero se demuestran cambios positivos y graduales en el estilo de vida. Las percepciones desde las emociones que les produce la DMG, fue factor clave para que llevaran a cabo la dieta. En conclusión, el tratamiento médico y dietético influye en el comportamiento cultural alimentario de las mujeres con DMG. Los profesionales de la salud deben tomar en cuenta los determinantes socioculturales al diseñar e implementar estrategias de tratamiento.