bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erol Güngör Perspektifinden Ahlâk ve Ahlâkın Toplumsal Önemi
Authors: BERKTAŞ Mehmet , ÖZTÜRK Emine
Published: October 2022

İnsanın kişilik yapısını, eylemlerini, bunlarla ilgili davranışlarını ve değerlendirmelerini tertip eden kaidelerin bütünü olan ahlâkın hem bireysel hem de toplumsal yönü bulunmaktadır. İnsan sosyal bir varlık olarak bir arada yaşama zorunluluğunda olduğuna göre, onları bir arada tutarak birlikteliklerini sağlayacak olan manevi değerlerin en başında ahlâk ve ahlâki kurallar gelir. Türk düşünce hayatının son dönemlerinde yaşamış ve sosyal bilimlerin birçok alanında görüşleri bulunan ünlü fikir insanı, mütefekkiri, münevveri ve kültür taşıyıcısı olan Erol Güngör, ahlâkı gerek psikolojik boyutta gerekse sosyolojik boyutta ele alarak incelemiştir. Güngör’e göre ahlâk, bir toplumun refahı ve huzuru için vazgeçilmez bir sistemdir. Ahlâk, bir insanın kişiliği hakkında fikir vermekle birlikte bir toplumun sosyal yapısı hakkında da ipuçları sunmaktadır. Ahlâkın oluşmasında ve temellendirilmesinde çevrenin ve ailenin çok önemli rolleri ve işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Bireyler ve toplumlar değişim gösterebildiğine göre ahlâk da değişime uğrayabilmektedir. Ancak bu değişim ahlâkın muhtevası ile ilgili değil biçimsel özelliği ile ilgilidir. Bu araştırmada, Türk sosyolojisinde Ziya Gökalp-Mümtaz Turhan çizgisinde hareket eden ve yapısal-işlevselci ekolün bir takipçisi sayılan Erol Güngör’ün ahlâk ve ahlâkın toplumsal yapı içindeki önemi ile ilgili görüşleri ele alınıp değerlendirilecektir.
Çalışanların Esnek Çalışma Düzenlemelerine Karşı Tutumlarının İşe Adanmışlıklarına Etkisinde Örgütsel Adalet Algısının Aracı Rolü
Authors: ATALIK Burhan , EROĞLUER Kemal
Published: October 2022

Örgütler, rekabet ortamında mücadele edebilmek için nitelikli personelinin başka bir örgüt bünyesine geçmesini engellemek amacıyla düzenlemeler yapmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda örgütler çalışma şartlarında düzenlemeler yapmış, yapılan düzenlemeler ile çalışanların örgüt amaçlarına derinden bağlı olması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma düzenlerinde yapılan değişikliklerin çalışanlar tarafından nasıl karşılandığı da önemlidir. Örgütlerde yapılan düzenlemelere karşı çalışanların tutumu, tutumlarının işe adanmışlıklarına etki edip etmediği ve çalışanların örgütleri için içlerinde besledikleri adalet algısının bu etkiye katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığı araştırma konusunun temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Ankara ilinde faaliyet gösteren İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) üzerinde çalışan Savunma Sanayi Şirketlerinde görev yapmakta olan 1700 personel üzerinde bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem büyüklüğü 450 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veriler anket formları vasıtasıyla toplanmıştır. Savunma Sanayi Sektöründe İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) alanında görev yapan 450 personele anket formu internet ortamında ulaştırılmış ve 351 geçerli geri dönüş alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 istatistik paket programında t testi, ANOVA testi, tukey testi, basit regresyon, çoklu regresyon, faktör analizi, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizi ve sobel testi yapılarak test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda çalışanların esnek çalışma düzenlemelerine karşı tutumları ile işe adanmışlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örgütsel adalet algısının bu ilişki üzerinde aracı rolünün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
A WITHIN-SUBJECT COMPARISON OF HEARING AID PERFORMANCE IN NOISE BASED ON VERBAL RESPONSE TIMES
Authors: Cristiani Horacio , Alonso Sabrina
Published: October 2022

Background

Verbal response times (VRTs) are among the suggested markers for cognitive load during word recognition tasks. Measurements of VRT during hearing aid fitting can be a useful tool to obtain information about listening effort with different amplification parameters.

Material and methods

A software program was developed to easily measure VRTs in speech recognition tests. The system plays 50 randomly chosen recorded words out of a set of 700 disyllables. Speech material can be presented together with pre-selected noise samples at different speech-to-noise ratios and processed with low-pass filters with selectable cut-off frequencies. The test is carried out in free field. A voice activity detector measures the time between the offset of the presented word and the onset of the repetition by the subject, which allows VRT and speech recognition scores to be quickly assessed. Tests were carried out with a group of 8 normal-hearing subjects to evaluate the effect of different filter parameters and a second group of 8 normal-hearing people to evaluate the effect of different speech-to-noise ratios on VRT. Finally, a group of 15 adult hearing-impaired subjects who used hearing aids were fitted under different conditions and the VRTs were compared between fittings.

Results

Reducing the low-pass filter cutoff frequency or adding noise to the speech signal increased VRTs in normal hearing people, suggesting an inverse relationship between VRT and ease of listening. In the hearing-impaired group, VRTs with different fittings of the hearing aid showed differences that can be used as an indicator of listening effort.

Conclusions

Adding a measurement of VRT to a regular word recognition test during hearing aid fitting could be useful for adjusting parameters or deciding between models or processing strategies, especially if recognition scores are high.
FACTORS INCREASING THE RISK OF HEARING LOSS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Barısık Cem , Inan Funda
Published: October 2022

Background

Hearing loss and hypertension are leading causes of disability, affecting over 360 million people. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of factors such as vitamin D and sleep disorder on the risk of hearing loss among hypertensive patients.

Material and methods

This prospective cohort study involved 885 patients aged between 25 and 65 years old who visited our ENT and Endocrinology departments. The study was based on biochemical tests, physical examination, hearing assessment, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index test. Statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate stepwise regression.

Results

Of 855 hypertensive patients, 184 (21.5%) had hearing loss. There were statistically significant differences between hypertensive patients with and without hearing loss in terms of BMI, smoking, family history of diabetes, tinnitus, vertigo, and headache. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between hypertensive patients with hearing loss versus those with normal hearing in terms of vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fasting glucose, HbA1C, HDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, microalbuminuria, and sleep quality. Among hypertensive patients, a multivariate regression analysis (stepwise method) indicated that vertigo, systolic blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, numbness in the hand, tinnitus, vigorous activity, metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbance, and obesity were all risk predictors of hearing loss.

Conclusions

Controlling hypertension, vitamin D level, sleep, and lifestyle might lower the risk of hearing loss among hypertensive patients.
QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE AND FREQUENCY FOLLOWING RESPONSE IN TWO DYSARTHRIC SUBJECTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rohers Dara , Mundt Aline , Portalete Caroline , Malavolta Vitor , Moreira Hélinton , Keske-Soares Marcia , Skarzynski Piotr , Sanfins Milaine , Garcia Michele
Published: October 2022

Background

Effective speech production involves a complex system that not only requires planning and motor execution in different speech subsystems, but also depends on the proper functioning of the auditory system. In cases of dysarthria, auditory electrophysiological assessment
can be important, since it can help diagnose the underlying neurological disease. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the frequency-following response (FFR) in monitoring the progress of speech therapy in cases of dysarthria due to neurodegenerative
disease. It also sought to gauge changes in the patients’ quality of life using a self-report questionnaire.

Case report

Two individuals with dysarthria were assessed by the FFR and by the questionnaire “Living with Dysarthria” while undergoing a speech therapy rehabilitation program aimed at improving their speech. It was found that the speech therapy brought benefits in terms of
quality of life, in line with the FFR responses.

Conclusions

The FFR may be a promising approach to monitoring changes in the central auditory nervous system during speech therapy for dysarthria due to acquired neurodegenerative disease.
Later‐Life Learning Among Latin Americans in Canada: Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Place
Authors: Hepburn Shamette
Published: October 2022

This article examines interconnections between place‐based education and the Latin American Canadian migratory life course. It presents findings of a grounded theory study that utilized in‐depth interviews of 15 Latin American Canadian immigrant older adults (55 years and older) who participate in a mobile adult day support programme in northwest Toronto. The study explored the experiences of service‐users of place‐based education aimed at developing or strengthening their livelihood strategies. Findings revealed that many ageing immigrants view place‐based education as a vital resource that supports their ability to access culturally specific and mainstream services, expands their social networks, and can boost their life chances at successive life course stages. However, findings also indicated that immigrants also view place‐based education as inadequate and ill‐timed and would have preferred greater access to education when they first settled in Canada. The article contributes to emergent scholarship on ageing, transnational migration, and localized education for settlement and integration. Conceptually, it advances a life course justice approach to racialized immigrants’ later‐life learning by underscoring the utility of integrating a critical pedagogy of place into community education.
More responsibilities to OBJN´s people...
Authors: Zanchetta Margareth Santos
Published: October 2022

A mais recente expansão de indexação do Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing traz em si um aumento significativo do nosso esforço coletivo para responder continuamente aos critérios de qualidade também de um público leitor internacional.  Algumas práticas dos autores internacionais para melhorarem a qualidade de seus manuscritos merecem ser consideradas principalmente pelos autores e revisores do OBJN. Após a preparação do manuscrito, os autores submetem-no a uma leitura crítica pelos leitores/revisores considerados “internos”: um especialista nos aspectos teóricos sobre o tema; um especialista no desenho metodológico da pesquisa, e um terceiro especialista procedente do contexto da prática relativo ao tema do manuscrito. Isto representa a oportunidade de um diálogo científico: eles questionam, criticam e sugerem para ajudar o autor a aumentar suas chances de ter seu manuscrito melhor considerado pelos revisores do periódico para publicação. Tal diálogo e exposição à crítica significa caminhos para o desafio do pensamento científico, revisão de conhecimentos e de posturas filosóficas. Ao autor cabe então usar de humildade acadêmica e abertura de espírito para admitir que o manuscrito submetido pode ser melhorado (e muito!) após tal contribuição não remunerada desses especialistas. Dilema cruel para alguns autores que algumas vezes, por influência da vaidade pessoal, os leva a crer que sua trajetória profissional e titulação acadêmica constituem um selo incontestável da excelência do manuscrito. Aqueles autores que se beneficiam de tal prática da leitura interna comprovam terem elevado suas possibilidades de receberam comentários mais positivos pelos revisores do periódico, após uma segunda ordem de comentários e sugestões.
Nursing in hospice care – reflection
Authors: Guedes Jenifer Adriana Domingues , Sardo Pedro Miguel Garcez , Borenstein Miriam Süsskind
Published: October 2022

The death represents the final stage of the human living process. It’s a reality that we cannot escape. Concerning the activities carried out by nurses with the terminally ill, this article has as goal to deliberate on nursing care and the importance of hospice care. Starting with care and hospice care definitions, we want to detach the nurses’ role in caring of terminally ill and his family, when it’s not possible to cure but only to take care. Although it is necessary a constant update of knowledge, caring in hospice care is an art, where the relationships have an important role and allow the preservation of person’s life quality even in a complicated situation, provide a tranquil death and promote a healthful process of suffering.
Childbirth and birth assistance: a quantitative study
Authors: Simões Sonia Mara Faria , Jesus Deborah Valadão de , Boechat Juliana Siqueira
Published: October 2022

This research, of quantitative nature, aimed to characterize the assistance offered to the binomial mother-baby in the childbirth and birth and to discuss if this assistance minimizes the risks to maternal and newborn health. The chosen scene was a public maternity, having as instruments of collection of data, the field observation and a structured interview with 50 women who had just given birth. The analysis revealed that the interviewed ones are in the age group between 15 and 38 years, 48% had incomplete basic education, 66% without employment bond and 60% with mate. In relation to the number of children, 94% of the women have between 1-3 children, 88% had prenatal attendance. In respect to the conducts implemented by the obstetric team, 68% of the women were submitted to the episiotomy, 60% of the childbirths had medicamentous intervention. The precocious contact mother/baby was stimulated. The speeches revealed that privacy was respected in 88% of the cases, besides the possibility of choosing an accompanying. However, others conducts as offering liquids taken by mouth, position option, and relaxation techniques were not offered to women. Though, in the lodging, breast feeding occurred in 96%, with correct suck in 88% of the cases, without abnormalities with mothers and babies. Concluding, although the assistance offered can’t be considered the ideal one, the research disclosed limits that have to be considered and modified by the health team, and showed the possibilities of safe human practices for the improvement of quality assistance to the binomial mother-baby.
Features of a Weaker Party in a Civil Law Relationship in Modern Economic and Legal Conditions
Authors: Volos E. P.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the issues of establishing signs of a weaker party in a civil legal relationship. The purpose of the study is to propose a scientifically grounded system of signs of a weaker party, taking into account modern economic and legal conditions. The author subjects to scrutiny the norms of Russian and foreign legislation, judicial practice of Russia and case law other countries. The basis of the study was the comparative legal method. At the same time, other methods were used (formal-logical, the method of building systems, etc.). The author critically analyzes the traditional notion of the category of a «weaker party» (consumer, citizen with certain characteristics, etc.). Next, the author examines the current trends in theory and judicial practice in determining the signs of a weaker party. At the end of the work, it is indicated that the definition of a weaker party is possible in two ways: direct and indirect. At the same time, the author proposes a scientifically based system of signs of a weaker party in a civil legal relationship. This system can be used in legislative activity in order to choose the most effective approach to determining the weaker party in the norms of law, as well as in judicial practice to justify the need to protect such a subject.
Relationship between Participation and Governance in the System of Corporate Relations
Authors: Slesarev V. L. , Kravets V. D.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the changes in the provisions of Art. 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation stating that the subject of civil law regulation includes relations involving participation in corporate organizations or their governance (corporate relations). The paper is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the relations of participation in a corporate organization and its management, determining the place of these relations in the system of corporate relations. The authors conclude that the relationship between participation and governance are organizational and prerequisite relations, they are of a general regulatory nature. The content of these legal relations is a special corporate legal personality as a subjective right and the opposing obligation of other persons to recognize the authorized person as a participant in corporate relations, to take into account the special connection between the corporation and the participant. General regulatory relations of participation and governance are a prerequisite for the emergence of specific corporate relations, and determine their content and development dynamics.
Legal Regulation of Crowdfunding in the UK
Authors: Shaposhnikov G. G.
Published: October 2022

The paper describes the current regulatory provisions in the field of crowdfunding applicable in the UK; the features of the local legal regulation of this phenomenon, as well as the historical aspects of its formation and possible prospects and development trends are noted. The paper defines the regulated forms of crowdfunding, as well as the regulatory order that crowdfunding platforms must comply with; highlights the procedure for the admission of participants in crowdfunding companies to carry out activities on the basis of crowdfunding platforms; outlines the basic requirements that potential providers of crowdfunding services must meet. The paper highlights the important role of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the development of UK crowdfunding legislation, analyzes the measures taken by the Office in this direction, as well as the priority areas of the Office’s activities in the context of the development of new norms of special rules, acts and regulations.
Interleukin-13 and cardiovascular diseases: literature review
Authors: Alieva Amina Magomedovna , Reznik Elena Vladimirovna , Teplova Natalia Vadimovna , Sarakaeva Leyla Ramazanovna , Surskaya Elena Valerievna , Elmurzaeva Dzhannet Anuarovna , Shavaeva Madina Yakubovna , Rakhaev Alik Magomedovich , Kotikova Irina Aleksandrovna , Nikitin Igor Gennadievich
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide despite significant advances in medicine and increased life expectancy. It is very important to search for and study new cardiovascular biological markers that can help the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of treatment, be a predictive marker of possible adverse clinical outcomes, and be a significant criterion for risk stratification. This review aims to consider interleukin-13 (IL-13) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular pathology. IL-13 is involved in the development of many cardiovascular diseases, according to variousin vitroandin vivostudies, but its role remains unclear until the end. IL-13 has a positive effect, promoting the development of the heart at an early stage and facilitating the recovery of the heart after a myocardial infarction. Due to the induction of fibrosis and adverse cardiac remodeling, long-term IL-13 synthesis appears to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes in chronic cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure. Understanding the effect of IL-13 on cardiac metabolism will shed light on possible new pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of heart disease. As a rule, an increase in the level of IL-13 in the blood serum goes in parallel with its expression in the tissues of the heart. However, the dissociation of systemic inflammatory reactions and local expression is not excluded. The introduction of IL-13 can restore the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes and reduce cardiac dysfunction. IL-13 deficiency limits the proliferation of cardiomyocytes, induces compensatory hypertrophy of cardiomyocytesin vitroand deletion of IL-13, leads to cardiac dysplasia, and impairs recovery processesin vivo. Although IL-13 is associated with cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, immune cell recruitment and differentiation, and chemokine secretion in the heart, it is precise signaling pathways and underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly understood.
Study of the quality of life of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and end-stage chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis: prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Belikova Elena I. , Golovin Aleksandr S. , Yudin Vladimir E.
Published: October 2022

At present, a sufficiently high efficiency of including the assessment of the quality of life (QOL) of patients in the complex of standard clinical and functional methods for examining the organ of vision of patients with various types of vitreoretinal pathology has been determined. The occurrence and/or progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease because of similar pathogenetic mechanisms associated with pathological abnormalities in the microvascular bed. However, the analysis of the literature indicates the special practical importance of the end-stage chronic renal failure (CRF), which requires continuous hemodialysis.
AIM:This study aimed to investigate the patients QOL with PDR and end-stage CRF requiring hemodialysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2022. Two groups of equal age, gender, and severity of PDR (Severe, Severe risks I and II) were under observation: the main group (MG,n=36, mean age 60.42.1 yr), in which the hemodialysis procedure and the control procedure (CG,n=32, mean age 61.82.2 yr) were regularly performed, in which stage IV CRF was diagnosed. The study of QOL was performed according to two questionnaires, tested in patients with vitreoretinal pathology: general (VFQ-25) and special (QOL-20).
RESULTS:The results obtained indicate a pronounced, statistically significant increase in the level of QOL in the CG compared with the MG. In quantitative terms, the conducted comparative assessment is 12.7 (p0.05) and 26.1% (p0.01) for the QOL-20 and VFQ-25 questionnaires, respectively. According to the VFQ-25 questionnaire, the most pronounced differences between the QОL of patients in the MG and the CG were noted on the scales of near visual function, distant visual function, social functioning, and mental health. It is especially important to note that in accordance with the methodological foundations of the QOL-20 questionnaire, patients in the CG (according to the total scores) were diagnosed with the 3rddegree of severity of visual impairment, whereas in patients of the MG, it was already the 4thdegree.
CONCLUSION:In practical terms, the results presented reflect the improvement of the technology of surgical intervention in patients with PDR who are on hemodialysis. The level of QОL in patients with PDR who are on hemodialysis is significantly lower than in patients with PDR with stage IV CRF.
Improvement of primary medical care for preschoolers: medical and social research
Authors: Kravchenko Irina A. , Oprischenko Sergey  A. , Polunin Valeri S. , Buslaeva Galina  N.
Published: October 2022

AIM:The purpose of the study was to conduct a medical and social study of preschool children and scientifically substantiate measures to improve the preventive work of children's polyclinics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A study was conducted on 6,458 children aged from 3 to 6 yr, 11 months, and 29 days, and their families permanently reside in the city of Moscow and observed in children's city polyclinics of Moscow Department of Health.
RESULTS:The maximum incidence rate of preschoolers at 4 yr old is 4,221.6. Among them are also more frequently ill, with age the proportion of children with chronic pathology increases from 12.3% at 3 yr to 32.1% at 6 yr, by the age of 6, every 4thchild has disharmonious physical development, and every 3rdhas a bad state of health. With chronic diseases, 64.2% of children are covered by preventive examination. Parents with a high level of medical activity have healthier children. Filters operate only in 29.3% of childrens polyclinics.
CONCLUSION:To improve the preventive work of the childrens polyclinic, it is necessary to actively conduct sanitary and educational work with parents of preschoolers to increase their medical activity and ensure the full functioning of the filter in the children's polyclinic.
Effect of Capsular Tension Ring Implantation during Phacoemulsification on Postoperative Refraction
Authors: Belov D. F. , Nikolaenko V. P.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To assess refractive result of phacoemulsification (PE) with capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation.

Patients and methods. In total, 37 eyes of 37 patients who underwent PE with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were divided into 2 groups: study group (n = 18) with CTR implantation and control group (n = 19) without CTR. Optical biometry (IOL-Master 500) was performed for each patient before PE. Barrett Universal II Formula was used for IOL calculation. IOL power calculation error was assessed by comparing target refraction and final refraction measured by Topcon-8800 autorefractometer 1 month after surgery.

Results. Despite almost identical preoperative values in both groups refractive result was different. Patients with CTR implantation had more hyperopic IOL power calculation error of +0.41 ± 0.52 D versus — 0.02 ± 0.54 D in the control group (p = 0.037). Refractive result in control group was more predictable (mean absolute error was 0.55 ± 0.34 D and 0.41 ± 0.30 D for groups respectively, p = 0.180).

Conclusion. CTR implantation could help surgeon to perform PE in complicated cases. Nevertheless, CTR implantation could leads to hyperopic shift. To avoid refractive errors optimized A-constants could be used (118.85 for AcrySof SA60AT and 118.47 for Akreos Adapt AO).
Markers of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Biletskaya V. A. , Lipatov D. V. , Sayapina I. Yu. , Frolov M. A. , Surguch V. K.
Published: October 2022

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is steadily growing and today the World Health Organization (WHO) describes this situation as an epidemic. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of DM, as well as one of the main causes of acquired irreversible vision loss. Nowadays the pathogenesis of proliferative DR remains completely unexplored, but many authors think about the important role of biologically significant mediators of this process cytokines and growth factors. Cytokines and growth factors are protein mediators that regulate various functions, both locally and systemically. They carry out the cells’ life cycle, the processes of proliferation, participate in the regulation of the protective inflammatory response of the body, control angiogenesis and other mechanisms. It is proved that the main links in the pathogenesis of DR are oxidative stress, thickening of the endothelial basement membrane in capillaries, loss of pericytes, end products of glycation and inflammation. Chorioretinal hypoxia and ischemia play a major role in the formation of newly formed vessels. Newly formed vessels are defective (with a thin wall devoid of pericytes), often lead to hemorrhages, hypoxia, which in turn closes the pathological circle and causes the production of cytokines and vasoproliferative factors. Frequent complications of DR are intraocular hemorrhages, retinal fibrosis and pathological changes in the posterior hyaloid membrane, traction retinal detachment, etc. This review examines some types of cytokines and growth factors and their role in the light in the pathogenesis of proliferative DR. Modern technologies make it possible to conduct effective studies of intraocular fluids to study the content of biologically active substances both in the moisture of the anterior chamber of the eye and in the vitreous body. To narrow the scope of the review on the subject attention is focused on the works that examined various markers locally in the intraocular fluids in patients with DM. It is worth noting that there are few such studies and their results often differ significantly from each other. This fact is a subject for discussion and encourages further study of this topic.
Features of Visual Dysfunctions in Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Trubilin V. N. , Korosteleva E. V. , Kapkova S. G. , Vygodin V. A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to study the prevalence and nature of visual dysfunctions in patients with primary hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.

Material and methods. The material for this study was the results of a survey of 54 patients (108 eyes) with thyroid dysfunctions: 32 people (64 eyes) with primary untreated hypothyroidism and 22 people (44 eyes) with primary untreated thyrotoxicosis. Static automated perimetry and dedicated shortwave infrared (blue-yellow) perimetry were performed. The average total value of the photosensitivity of each (n = 74) tested point of the field of view was analyzed, the topography of the location of focal defects was studied, and the severity of impairments to photosensitivity was assessed by aggregate signs.

Results. Reliably high sensitivity (92.6 %) and specificity (50.0 %) of short-wave infrared perimetry in relation to static automated perimetry were revealed. In thyroid dysfunctions, the prevalence of optic neuropathy reaches 93 % according to the data of short-wave infrared perimetry versus 7 % of static automated perimetry. It is manifested by a diffuse decrease in light sensitivity to blue stimulus with an increase in the depth of depression from the center to the periphery in both types of thyroid dysfunction. Against this background, with primary hypothyroidism, focal defects appeared in the form of first-order scotomas, and with primary thyrotoxicosis, second-order scotomas. Scotomas were located at the periphery of the central visual field, 20–30° from the fixation point. In the analyzed groups, high average group indices of the maximum corrected visual acuity were established, which allows us to speak about the safety of the photopic (cone) component of the visual analyzer.

Conclusion. The pattern of photosensitivity disorders, the topography of the location of the loci of local defects revealed by the short-wave infrared perimetry, indicate that the earliest signs of optical neuropathy are manifested at the level of photoreceptors — selectively in the S-cones. Decreased sensitivity to blue stimulus (440 nm) refers to an acquired color anomaly called tritanopia; which can be present with high visual function, is most often associated with a decrease in the number of S-cones and a deficiency of retinol (the source of cyanolab synthesis).
Long-Term Outcomes of Nonadherence to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Advanced Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Zhalimova V. R. , Maltsev D. S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To study long-term outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients with low visual acuity and nonadherence to a treatment regimen of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Patients and methods. In this study we included nAMD patients with best corrected visual acuity lower than 0.1 decimal equivalent, nonadherent to anti-VEGF therapy (13 eyes, group I), treatment-naïve (15 eyes, group II) or nonadherence to anti-VEGF therapy followed by termination of anti-VEGF treatment (18 eyes, group III). All participants received comprehensive ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography baseline and at the end of the follow-up period.

Results: In group I, 7.6 ± 4.3 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were performed over a mean period of 38.9 ± 27.5 months. In group II, a mean follow-up was 31.7 ± 28.6 months. In group III 4.8 ± 2.2 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were performed over a mean period of 26.9 ± 26.4 months followed by treatment discontinuation for a mean period of 24.6 ± 18.6 months. None of study groups showed statistically significant changes in BCVA or an increase of central retinal thickness (p > 0.05). At baseline all study eyes frequently demonstrated severe morphological changes in the macula including atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), subretinal fibrosis, RPE tear, or giant intraretinal cysts.

Conclusion: In nAMD patients with low BCVA and severe anatomical changes in the macula nonadherence to a treatment regimen of anti-VEGF therapy results in non-superior long-term outcomes compared to natural course of the disease.
Pre-Descemet’s Endothelial Keratoplasty (PDEK), Complicated by Dislocation of the IOL into the Vitreous. Case Report
Authors: Kalinnikov Yu. Yu. , Dinh Thi Hoang Anh , Zolotarevsky A. V. , Kalinnikova S. Yu. , Nguyen Xuan Hiep
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a case report of Pre-descemet’s endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) performed on a 72-year-old patient diagnosed with bullous keratopathy, artiphakia, operated open-angle IIIА glaucoma. PDEK is a method of endothelial keratoplasty in which the non-functioning endothelial layer with Descemet’s membrane is replaced with a donor material consisting of Dua’s layer, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. In the early postoperative period the IOL dislocated into the vitreous body. Both the technique of posterior lamellar keratoplasty and the surgical tactics that were successfully applied in this situation are described in detail. Clinical and functional results were studied with a follow-up period of 6 months.
Los usos de lo nacional-popular en la crisis española (2014-2021)
Authors: Franzé Javier
Published: October 2022

España ha experimentado importantes cambios políticos en los últimos años. Entre ellos, la aparición de términos nuevos como lo nacional-popular, introducido en el lenguaje político nacional por el discurso de Podemos y luego Más País. Este artículo se pregunta por el contenido que esas fuerzas políticas le dieron a ese concepto de cuño latinoamericano en un contexto como el europeo. Asimismo, examina cómo lo usaron a fin de analizar —en clave gramsciana— si se adaptó a la especificidad histórica española y de sus sectores populares. Finalmente, partiendo de ese uso, se busca precisar qué sentido puede adquirir lo nacional-popular latinoamericano en el contexto español.
La monarquía y sus significados jurídicos y políticos en la Revista de Estudios Políticos (1941-1947)
Authors: Cerdà Serrano Jordi
Published: October 2022

Este artículo pretende desentrañar los significados jurídicos y políticos de la monarquía, en sentido amplio, a través de los artículos publicados en la Revista de Estudios Políticos entre 1941 y 1947. Al mismo tiempo, también pretende valorar cuán inspiradores fueron tales significados en la monarquía instaurada por la Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado en 1947. Para ello, el presente artículo analiza los artículos que versaron sobre la monarquía como categoría política, como institución, como narrativa de legitimación historicista e incluso como evocación simbólica, en la Revista, considerada como palestra de debate intelectual. De tal investigación han resultado cuatro significados jurídico-políticos: la monarquía fundacional (la monarquía como fundamento del Estado nacional), la histórica (la monarquía como síntesis histórica de las notas constituyentes de la nación española, a saber, unidad y catolicismo), la tradicional (la monarquía como sistema político basado en la tradición, el corporativismo y el catolicismo) y la liberal (la monarquía propia del liberalismo doctrinario). Mientras que las ideas y los tópicos propios de las monarquías histórica y tradicional parecen haber inspirado la monarquía de la Ley de Sucesión, no puede decirse lo mismo de las monarquías fundacional y liberal.
Estado de necesidad: Análisis de la práctica chilena de la excepción
Authors: Serrano-Sanz Adrián
Published: October 2022

El estudio de las cuestiones formales relativas a los estados de excepción obvia su práctica concreta y, en consecuencia, sus objetivos políticos. Para determinar la utilidad de la excepción, el análisis debe centrarse en los hechos que han servido como motivadores para su uso a lo largo de la historia, de manera que puedan identificarse elementos comunes entre ellos. En este artículo se desarrolla el concepto de estado de necesidad como precursor del estado de excepción. Con este objetivo, se analiza la práctica de la excepción en Chile desde la primera vez que se recurrió a una figura de excepción constitucional en el año 1837 hasta la actualidad, identificando los decretos excepcionales aprobados desde esa fecha y las causas específicas que los han motivado. Los resultados muestran que el estado de necesidad se caracteriza por la indeterminación de los eventos que lo producen, dejando al soberano no solo la capacidad de decidir sobre el estado de excepción, sino también de definir el estado de necesidad.
APACHE II score predicts in-hospital mortality more accurately than inflammatory indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kahraman Fatih , Yılmaz Ahmet Seyda , Demir Mevlüt , Beşiroğlu Fatih
Published: October 2022

Aim    This study evaluated the prognostic ability of the APACHE II score and compared it with inflammatory indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and Methods    A total of 525 patients with ACS were retrospectively enrolled in the study. APACHE II scores were calculated and C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were recorded. The APACHE II score was compared with inflammatory indices for predicting in-hospital mortality.Results    Univariate logistic regression (LR) analysis showed that CRP, SII, NLR, ejection fraction, chronic kidney disease, gender, and APACHE II score were significant predictors of mortality. In multiple LR analysis, the APACHE II score was found to be a solitary, significant predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.201, 95 % CI: 1.122–1.285; p<0.001). In the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve, using a cut-off point of 16.5, the APACHE II score predicted in-hospital mortality with 70.4 % sensitivity and 92.9 % specificity.Conclusion    The APACHE II score may be used as a predictor of in-hospital mortality better than inflammatory markers in ACS patients.
The relationship between pericardial effusion and pulmonary involvement, prognosis, mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Saraç İbrahim , Tonkaz Gökhan , Aksakal Emrah , Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Alişar Kaan , Aydın Sidar Şiyar , Aydemir Selim , Doğan Remziye , Gülcü Oktay , Kalkan Kamuran
Published: October 2022

Aim    Comprehensive studies on the coexistence of COVID-19 and pericardial effusion (PEff) are limited. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pneumonia severity and PEff, predisposing factors, and the effect of PEff on clinical prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Material and methods    Between March and November 2020, 5 575 patients were followed up in our pandemic hospital due to COVID-19. 3 794 patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results and thoraxcomputerized tomography (CT) imaging at admission were included in the study. The clinical and demographic characteristics, CT images, hematological and biochemical parameters of these patients were retrospectively examined. Pulmonary involvement of 3794 patients was divided into three groups and its relationship with PEff was investigated retrospectively.Results    There were 560 patients who did not have pulmonary involvement, 2 639 patients with pulmonary involvement below 50 %, and 595 patients with 50 % or more pulmonary involvement. As pulmonaryinvolvement or the severity of the disease increased, male gender and advanced age become statistically significant. The mean age of patients with PEff was higher, and PEff was more common in males. Patients with PEff had more comorbid diseases and significantly elevated serum cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. The need for intensive care and mortality rates were higher in these patients. While the in-hospital mortality rate was 56.9 % in patients with PEff and pulmonary involvement above 50 %, in-hospital mortality rate was 34.4 % in patients with pulmonary involvement above 50 % and without PEff (p<0.001).The presence of PEff during admission for COVID-19 disease, the appearance of PEff or increase in the degree of PEff during follow-up were closely related to mortality and prognosis.Conclusion    As the severity of pulmonary involvement or the clinical severity of the disease increased, PEff occurred in patients or the degree of PEff increased. The clinical prognosis of patients presenting with PEff was quite poor, and the frequency of intensive care admissions and mortality were significantly higher. PEff was an important finding in the follow-up and management of patients with COVID-19, and it reflected the clinical prognosis.
Design and Motion Planning of a Wheeled Type Pipeline Inspection Robot
Authors: Elankavi Rajendran Sugin , Dinakaran D. , Arockia Doss Arockia Selvakumar , Kuppan Chetty R.M. , Ramya M.M.
Published: October 2022

The most popular method for transporting fluids, and gases is through pipelines. For them to work correctly, regular inspection is necessary. Humans must enter potentially dangerous environments to inspect pipelines. As a result, pipeline robots came into existence. These robots aid in pipeline inspection, protecting numerous people from harm. Despite numerous improvements, pipeline robots still have several limitations. This paper presents the design and motion planning of a wheeled type pipeline inspection robot that can inspect pipelines having an inner diameter between 250 mm to 350 mm. The traditional wheeled robot design has three wheels fixed symmetrically at a 120° angle apart from each other. When maneuvering through a curved pipeline, this robot encounters motion singularity. The proposed robot fixes the wheels at different angles to address this issue, allowing the robot to stay in constant contact with the pipe's surface. Motion analysis is done for the proposed and existing robot design to study their behavior inside the pipeline. The result shows that the proposed robot avoids motion singularity and improves mobility inside pipelines. 3d printing technology aids in the development of the proposed robot. The experimental tests on the developed robot inside a 300 mm-diameter straight and curved pipeline show that the robot avoids motion singularity.
Investigation of the Effects of Fuel Cells on V-Q & V-P Characteristics
Authors: Zadehbagheri Mahmoud , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Sutikno Tole
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the use of a FC system connected to the network is proposed as a source of DG with high reliability, and for this purpose, the dynamic model of the fuel cell has been simulated. A hybrid system of fuel cell distributed generation (FCDG) is presented to provide electrical energy for a small isolated area. Boost converter (DC/DC), in order to increase the voltage level of the system and stabilize the DC link voltage has been used, which provides the possibility of connecting several different scattered production sources in parallel. Voltage stability is concerned with the ability of a power system to maintain acceptable bus voltages under normal conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance. The use of DG sources has many advantages, including meeting peak load needs, reducing network losses, providing reactive power locally, and regulating network voltage. Among all sources of distributed production, fuel cells are of special importance due to their high efficiency, high energy density, the ability to simultaneously produce heat and electric power, and low emission of pollutants. Using fuel cells (FCs) have several advantages and in this paper we investigate the effects of FCs on power systems via simulation a single machine (DG as small gas turbine coupled with a FC)   in the Dig Silent area for different PF of FC. Different PF for FC obtained with control the DC to AC inverter.  We found that by control the PF of FCs, we can increase the limitation of reactive generation of overall system and improve the V-P V-Q characteristics of overall system. With the grid-connected inverter's switching control, the active and reactive power injected into the grid is controlled independently.
Design and PIL Test of High Performance MPPT Controller Based on P&O-Backstepping Applied to DC-DC Converter
Authors: Diouri Omar , Gaga Ahmed , Senhaji Saloua , Jamil Mohammed Ouazzani
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the design, test and validation process of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on the Perturb and Observe backstepping controller. The design of this robust controller follows a sequence of two tests of the validated model-based design (MBD) approach. Our contribution is to give a roadmap for designing, testing and validating embedded software for MPPT algorithms. Perturb and observe algorithm is used to generate the reference voltage which is used by the backstepping controller to generate the maximum power. Then, after simulation of all these techniques, generated optimized C code for the STM32F4 microcontroller is necessary to test the controller on embedded platform. Therefore, the algorithm of MPPT is simulated by Model in the Loop (MIL) and Processor in the Loop (PIL) techniques. The results show that the proposed system has full control over reference power, for different atmospheric changes, by backstepping and integrating into a 32-bit ARM microcontroller. In all of the various tests, the embedded software developed demonstrates high compliance and high performance with MPPT requirements.
Current Trends in Intelligent Control Neural Networks for Thermal Processing (Foods): Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Marfuah Dewi , 'Ulya Nurul Kholisatul , Kusudaryati Dewi Pertiwi Dyah , Wardana Agung Setya , Nugroho Eko
Published: October 2022

Thermal processing is a technique for sterilizing foods through heating at high temperatures. Thermal processing plays a significant role in preserving foods economically, efficiently, reliably, and safely. Control in thermal processing of foods is necessary to avoid any decrease in food quality, i.e., color change, reduced content, sensory quality, and nutrition. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been developed as a computing method in research and developments on thermal processing methods to discover one suitable for food processing without damaging food quality. To this date, ANN has been used in food industries for modeling many processes. The paper aims to identify the latest trend in intelligent neural network control for the thermal processing of foods. The paper conducted a systematic literature review with five research questions using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA). According to screening results and article selection, 240 potential articles have fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Then, each article was explored to identify the advantage and the advance of intelligent network control in thermal food processing. It can be concluded that the technology in information and computations of food processing has rapidly developed and advanced through the utilization of a combination of ANN with fuzzy logic and/or genetic algorithms.