bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Handycraft Dari Limbah Biota Laut
Authors: Hariana Hariana
Published: May 2021

Biota laut dikenal sebagai sekumpulan berbagai speces hewan, tumbuhan, atau karang yang hidup di laut sebagai tempat perkembangbiakannya. Salah satu manfaat dari biota laut adalah pemanfaatan limbah biota laut menjadi produk karya seni. Melalui KKN Tematik UNG Tahun 2020 menjadi program inti mahasiswa KKN di Desa Pilohulata Kecamatan Monano Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan handycraft dari limbah biota laut. Pelaksanaan pelatihan bertujuan membekali pengetahuan dan keterampilan dengan memanfaatkan limbah biota laut menjadi berbagai karya seni menggunakan teknik kolase. Bentuk karya seni yang dihasilkan adalah bingkai foto, aksesoris dan kotak serbaguna. Kegiatan KKN Tematik UNG diharapkan dapat berorientasi menjadi peluang usaha yang bertujuan meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Pilohulata. Kelompok sasaran kegiatan pelatihan adalah remaja muda yang belum mempunyai pekerjaan tetap. Luaran dari kegiatan pelatihan adalah: (1) menumbuhkan minat berkarya kepada peserta pelatihan dalam mengolah limbah biota laut menjadi karya yang bernilai ekonomi; (2) limbah biota laut menjadi handycraft yang bernilai fungsi: (3) memanfaatkan limbah biota laut menjadi peluang usaha; dan (4) membentuk kelompok-kelompok usaha kecil menengah dan mengembangkan jiwa entrepreneur bagi peserta pelatihan.
O SUJEITO NA HISTÓRIA E NA PSICANÁLISE: uma discussão possível
Authors: Fenner Ismael , Barbosa Galvão Susana Marília
Published: May 2021

Este artigo sobre o sujeito na história e na psicanálise parte da compreensão da articulação do conceito de sujeito pelos campos da história, da filosofia e da psicanálise e o sentimento do medo nos diferentes momentos da história. Foi um estudo de revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de apresentar uma reflexão sobre os sujeitos inseridos nos campos da ciência e da psicanálise. Enquanto a historiografia trabalha com a cisão sequencial entre passado e presente, a psicanálise inclui o passado no presente como bem demonstra a ideia freudiana de recalcamento e seu retorno.
Mediators and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Volkert Jana , Taubner Svenja , Barkauskiene Rasa , Mestre Jose M. , Sales Celia M.D. , Thiele Vanessa , Saliba Andrea , Protic Sonja , Adler Asta , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Di Giacomo Dina , Ioannou Yianna , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Mota Catarina Pinheiro , Raleva Marija , Henriques Margarida , Rossberg Jan Ivar , Schmidt Stefanie J. , Perdih Tjasa Stepisnik , Ulberg Randi , Heinonen Erkki
Published: May 2021

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are a severe health issue already prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Early detection and intervention offer the opportunity to reduce disease burden and chronicity of symptoms and to enhance long-term functional outcomes. While psychological treatments for personality disorders have been shown to be effective for young people, the mediators and specific change mechanisms of treatment are still unclear. Aim: As part of the “European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders” (TREATme), funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), we will conduct a systematic review to summarize the existing knowledge on mediators of treatment outcome and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders. In particular, we will evaluate whether mediators appear to be common or specific to particular age groups, treatment models, or outcome domains (e.g., psychosocial functioning, life quality, adverse treatment effects). Method: We will follow the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO) have been systematically searched for prospective, longitudinal, and case–control designs of psychological treatment studies which examine mediators published in English. Participants will be young people between 10 and 30 years of age who suffer from subclinical personality symptoms or have a personality disorder diagnosis and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating and/or treating psychological problems. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with relevant stakeholder groups. The data set will be made available to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. The review has been registered in PROSPERO (evaluation is pending, registration number ID 248959).Implications: This review will deliver a comprehensive overview on the empirical basis to contribute to the further development of psychological treatments for young people with personality disorders.
DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KEPRIBADIAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: rahayu sri
Published: May 2021

Pembelajaran daring membawa dampak terhadap perkembangan peserta didik mulaidari semangat belajar, nilai bahkan kepribadian peserta didik. Pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan selama setahun terakhir ini memiliki dampak pada sikap dan kepribadian pesertadidik.. Pada pembelajaran daring ini dapat membuat mood dan suasana hati peserta didikberubah rubah karena fakot jenuh dan lelah. Hal ini karena suasana belajar yang tidakmendukung dari lingkungan belajar peserta didik. Pembelajaran yang dilakukan selamadaring menyebabkan peserta didik tidak sering bertemu orang banyak dan menyebabkanpeserta didik kurang bersosialisasi dengan teman-teman di sekolahnya secara langsung.Pembelajaran ini tidak hanya dapat membentuk kepribadian yang introvert pada pesertadidik, namun juga dapat menyebabkan penurunan semanngat belajar peserta didik. Dalampenulisan ini berupaya untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak dari adanya pembelajarandaring pada perkembangan kepribadian pesera didik. Aspek yang akan di capai dalampenulisan ini adalah, bagaimana proses pembelajaran yang efektif dan pengunaan metodepembelajaran semasa daring agar peserta didik tetap merasa senang dan tidak jenuh.Penelitian ini dilakukan dari berberapa studi kasus dari referensi berberapa jurnal dan kajianilmiah
Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth’s Experiences of Gender-Related Adversity
Authors: Price Maggi , Hollinsaid Nathan Louis , Bokhour Emma , Johnston Colleen , Skov Hilary , Sheridan McKenzie
Published: May 2021

Transgender and gender diverse youth (TGD youth; i.e., children and adolescents who do not identify with their birth-assigned sex) face a variety of traumas and adversities, including those explicit to their gender identity and/or expression (hereafter “gender”; e.g., gender-related victimization, caregiver rejection). However, few studies or clinical assessment measures capture the full spectrum of adversities TGD youth experience. A comprehensive examination of gender- and non-gender-related adversities faced by TGD youth is critical to understand their high risk for mental health problems and to inform best practices for clinical assessment and care. The present study sought to qualitatively examine gender- and non-gender-related adversities using clinical interview data from a sample of TGD youth (N = 49; ages 11–20; 76% White) seeking services at a pediatric gender center. Interview data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. To support future measure development, existing measures of adversity and gender minority stress informed the analysis. Results highlighted the saliency of gender-related adversities among TGD youth, the themes of which included verbal abuse, threats or acts of physical and sexual assault, discrimination, nonaffirmation, and rejection. Implications for clinical assessment with TGD youth and future avenues in measure development are discussed.
Learning exceptions to the rule in human and model via hippocampal encoding
Authors: Heffernan Emily , Schlichting Margaret , Mack Michael Louis
Published: May 2021

Category learning helps us process the influx of information we experience daily. A commonly encountered category structure is “rule-plus-exceptions,” in which most items follow a general rule, but exceptions violate this rule. People are worse at learning to categorize exceptions than rule-following items, but improved exception categorization has been positively associated with hippocampal function. In light of model-based predictions that the nature of existing memories of related experiences should impact memory formation, here we use behavioural and computational modelling data to explore the impact of learning sequence on performance in a rule-plus-exception categorization task. Our behavioural results indicate that exception categorization accuracy improves when exceptions are introduced later in learning, after exposure to rule-following stimuli. Simulations of this task using a computational model of hippocampus replicate these behavioural findings. Representational similarity analysis of the model’s hidden layers, which correspond to hippocampal subfields, suggests that model representations are impacted by trial sequence: delaying the introduction of an exception shifts its representation closer to those of its own category members; this finding corroborates the superior categorization behaviour observed for delayed exceptions. Our results provide novel computational evidence of HC’s sensitivity to learning sequence and further support HC’s proposed role in category learning.
Computational challenges in explaining communication: How deep the rabbit hole goes
Authors: van de Braak Laura , Dingemanse Mark , Toni Ivan , van Rooij Iris , Blokpoel Mark
Published: May 2021

When people are unsure of the intended meaning of a word, they often ask for clarification. One way of doing so—often assumed in models of communication—is to point at a potential target: “Do you mean [points at the rabbit]?” However, what if the target is unavailable? Then the only recourse is language itself, which seems equivalent to pulling oneself up from a swamp by one’s hair. We created two computational models of communication, one able to point and one not. The latter incorporates inference to resolve the meaning of non-pointing signals. Simulations show agents in both models reach perceived understanding equally quickly. While this means agents think they are successfully communicating, non-pointing agents understand each other only at chance level. This shows that state- of-the-art computational explanations have difficulty explaining how people solve the puzzle of underdetermination, and that doing so will require a fundamental leap forward.
Comparing educational effects between role-play and gatekeeper training in Crisis-management, Anti-stigma, and Mental Health Literacy Program for University Students (CAMPUS)
Authors: Takahashi Asumi , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Shiratori Yuki , Sugawara Daichi , Kawashima Yoshitaka , Takayashiki Ayumi , Maeno Takami , Matsuzaki Asaki , Ishii Terumi , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: May 2021

Aims: We compare the educational effects of role-play and discussion and gatekeeper training to develop an evidence-based suicide prevention education program for university students. Methods: Participants comprised 145 medical students. “Crisis-management, Anti-stigma and Mental Health Literacy Program for University Students” (CAMPUS) was designed and developed, which included a lecture and a parallel session for role-play or gatekeeper training. Students attended a lecture and were randomly assigned to the role-play group or gatekeeper training group. Questionnaires were filled before the module, immediately after the module, and three months after the program. Results: The role-play group learned more appropriate coping skills, whereas the gatekeeper training group improved their self-efficacy as gatekeepers. The students’ depressive state had decreased at three months after the program, along with the reduced suicide probability in students with suicide risk. Conclusions: Role-play and gatekeeper training evinced different educational effects. However, CAMPUS was comprehensively effective in preventing suicide in university students.
Control at Work: An Integrative, Lifespan-Informed Review
Authors: Rauvola Rachel Sisu , Rudolph Cort
Published: May 2021

Control is one of the most ubiquitous and fundamental concepts to the study of psychology, including to theory, research, and practice related to aging and work. Indeed, control constructs exist in many different forms (e.g., self-efficacy, job autonomy, locus of control), and they have been extensively linked to performance and well-being with age. This paper provides a review of age- and work-relevant theory and research pertaining to a variety of “actual,” perceived, and enacted control constructs. The paper seeks to fulfill three goals. First, we review predominant control constructs with respect to theory and research, considering their distinguishing and overlapping features, relationships with age- and work-relevant concerns, and areas of consensus and ambiguity. Second, we synthesize and organize our review findings into a work-focused “lifespan control framework” to guide theoretical revision, hypothesis formation, and construct choice/comparisons, and we provide recommendations to researchers for using this framework. Third and finally, we generate a focused research agenda for impactful studies of age, control, and work. The concept of control has contributed to our knowledge of and practice with work-relevant processes, and this review aims to aid in integration, organization, and innovation to move the study of age, control, and work forward.
Social cognitive and interactive abilities in autism
Authors: Thaler Hanna , Albantakis Laura , Schilbach Leonhard
Published: May 2021

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social perception, cognition, and interaction. Differences to non-autistic peers start appearing early in development and are associated with altered brain structure and functioning. This chapter begins with an overview of research on theory of mind and empathy, discussing how skills in these domains present in high-functioning autism. Findings indicate that, across development, a sizable portion of autistic people learns to compensate for specific difficulties. Yet, challenges in social interaction continue to impact their level of functioning in everyday life throughout adulthood. We describe how research has attempted to introduce more interactive experimental settings, and how this interactive turn has improved our understanding of autism in contexts closer related to real life. Finally, we discuss the Bayesian brain account of autism as a computational framework that explains social difficulties in terms of domain-general perceptual, cognitive, and biological mechanisms. We conclude by pointing to recent developments such as participatory research and the mining of larger longitudinal datasets as ways to make autism research more effective in improving autistic people’s lives.
Dinozorlar, Kurabiyeler ve Bayesçi Düşünce
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: May 2021

[This is a Turkish translation of "Bayesian Thinking for Toddlers"] Bayesçi düşünce kolaydır ve çocuklar aslında daima Bayesçi düşünceye başvururlar. Temel ilkesi deneyimlerden öğrenmedir: Verileri iyi tahmin eden varsayımların olasılığı artarken, verileri başarısız bir şekilde tahmin eden varsayımların olasılığı azalır. Örneğin, A varsayımının “Sabah saat 6’da annem ve babam genellikle uyuyor olur” ve B varsayımının “Sabah saat 6’da annem ve babam genellikle uyanıktır” olduğunu düşünelim. Bir çocuk sabah 6’da uyanıp ebeveynlerinin hâlâ mışıl mışıl yuduğunu gördüğünde, bu gözlem A varsayımının olasılığını artırırken, B varsayımının olasılığını düşürür. İşte bu kadar kolay! Bilgili okuyucularımız, dinozor hikâyesinin Ockham’ın usturası, tutarlı bilgi güncellemesi ve makul inancın bir derecesi olarak olasılık gibi kavramlara göndermelerde bulunduğunu fark etmişlerdir. İstatistikçiler, Phil Dawid’in ardışık öngörücü ilkesini hikâye içinde fark edebilirler. Çocuklar ise muhtemelen yalnızca dinozorlarla ilgileneceklerdir.
Effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cell behaviour in vitro: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Metcalfe Richard
Published: May 2021

Physical activity reduces cancer risk but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We meta-analysed the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on serum-stimulated cancer cell behaviours in vitro. Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus up to February 2021 revealed 8 studies reporting 61 effect sizes eligible for meta-analysis. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) between exercise-conditioned serum and resting serum were pooled using random-effects models. Acute exercise-conditioned serum significantly reduced cancer cell growth (SMD -1.31, 95% CI -1.77 to -0.86, p<0.0001) and colony formation (SMD -2.33, 95% CI -2.66 to -2.00, p<0.0001) in vitro. These growth-inhibitory effects were sustained at 1 to 4 h (growth: SMD -1.56, 95% CI -2.47 to -0.64, p=0.0008; colony formation: -2.57, 95% CI -3.05 to -2.09, p<0.0001) and 24 h post-exercise (growth: SMD -2.62, 95% CI -4.18 to -1.05, p<0.001; colony formation: SMD -2.80, 95% CI -3.42 to -2.18, p<0.0001). In contrast, exercise training-conditioned serum had no effect on cancer cell growth in vitro (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.47 to 0.19, p=0.41). Acute exercise promotes transient serological changes that suppress cancer cell growth and clonogenicity in vitro. Repetitive exposure to these factors may play an important role in reducing cancer risk.
Durchgängige und systematische schulische Führungskräftegewinnung und -entwicklung
Authors: Huber Stephan Gerhard
Published: May 2021

Das Spektrum des Handelns von Schulleitung und Schulaufsicht als pädagogische Führungskräfte im schulischen Personalmanagement ist vielschichtig, kann mehrebenenanalytisch betrachtet werden, ist direkt und indirekt: Zum einen qualifizieren sich pädagogische Führungskräfte selbst weiter und zum anderen initiieren, begleiten und unterstützen sie die Gewinnung und Professionalisierung von schulischen Akteur*innen bzw. Nachwuchsführungskräften. Ausgerichtet ist schulisches Personalmanagement auf die Sicherung und Weiterentwicklung der Qualität pädagogischer Arbeit. In dieser doppelten Perspektive wird über ein Kooperationsprojekt der Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft (sdw), der Robert Bosch Stiftung (RBS) und des Instituts für Bildungsmanagement und Bildungsökonomie (IBB) der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zug/Schweiz berichtet, das impulsgebend sein könnte für eine schulische Führungskräfteentwicklung als systematischer und kontinuierlicher berufsphasenübergreifender Prozess, der in der Lehrer*innenbildung beginnen sollte.
Rekrutierung, Qualifizierung, Status und Karriereoptionen von Schulleiter*innen staatlicher Sekundarschulen in Frankreich
Authors: Montandon Christiane , Brégeon Marie
Published: May 2021

Gegenstand des Berichts sind die aktuell in Frankreich geltenden Verfahren für die Rekrutierung und Qualifi zierung von Schulleiter*innen der Sekundarschulformen collège und lycée. Dargestellt werden das Zulassungs- und Auswahlverfahren (concours) für die spezielle Qualifizierung, der Qualifizierungsverlauf und verschiedene Möglichkeiten für die weitere Karriereplanung und Profilentwicklung. Ziel des Berichts ist es, ver ständlich zu machen, weshalb Lehrkräfte wie auch Personen aus bestimmten anderen Berufsfeldern sich für eine Schulleitungsstelle interessieren und qualifizieren und welche weiteren Optionen sie damit verbinden.
Daten für Taten. Verbesserung der Datengrundlagen für zielgerichteteres politisches Handeln zur Eindämmung und Bewältigung der Folgen der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Fickermann Detlef
Published: May 2021

Daten bilden während der Corona-Pandemie die Basis für weitreichende politische Entscheidungen im Bund, in den Ländern und in den Kommunen und beeinflussen damit massiv den Alltag und die Gesundheit von Millionen Menschen. Jedoch fehlen viele Daten zum Infektionsgeschehen und vorhandene Daten aus anderen Bereichen werden nicht ergänzend für vertiefte Analysen genutzt. Beschrieben werden die aktuell vorhandenen Schuldaten sowie die darüber hinausgehenden Datenerfordernisse für das geplante Bund-Länder-Programm zur Schließung von coronabedingten Lern- bzw. Kompetenzlücken der Schüler*innen und dessen Evaluation. Ergänzend werden Ansätze zur Identifikation von kleinräumigen Infektionsclustern und zu berufsgruppen- und branchenspezifischen Auswertungen vorgeschlagen. Den Vorschlägen gemein ist die Nutzung von kleinräumigen Daten sowie die Inanspruchnahme eines vertrauenswürdigen Dritten, um datenschutzkonform (Individual-)Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen miteinander verknüpfen und für vertiefte Auswertungen als Grundlage für evidenzbasierte politische Entscheidungen zur Verfügung stellen zu können.
Predictive Analytics for Maintaining Power System Stability in Smart Energy Communities
Authors: Pirbazari Aida Mehdipour
Published: May 2021

Digitalization and decentralization of energy supply have introduced several challenges to emerging power grids known as smart grids. One of the significant challenges, on the demand side, is preserving the stability of the power systems due to locally distributed energy sources such as micro-power generation and storage units among energy prosumers at the household and community levels. In this context, energy prosumers are defined as energy consumers who also generate, store and trade energy. Accurate predictions of energy supply and electric demand of prosuemrs can address the stability issues at local levels. This study aims to develop appropriate forecasting frameworks for such environments to preserve power stability. Building on existing work on energy forecasting at low-aggregated levels, it asks: What factors influence most on consumption and generation patterns of residential customers as energy prosumers. It also investigates how the accuracy of forecasting models at the household and community levels can be improved. Based on a review of the literature on energy forecasting and per- forming empirical study on real datasets, the forecasting frameworks were developed focusing on short-term prediction horizons. These frameworks are built upon predictive analytics including data col- lection, data analysis, data preprocessing, and predictive machine learning algorithms based on statistical learning, artificial neural networks and deep learning. Analysis of experimental results demonstrated that load observa- tions from previous hours (lagged loads) along with air temperature and time variables highly affects the households’ consumption and generation behaviour. The results also indicate that the prediction accuracy of adopted machine learning techniques can be improved by feeding them with highly influential variables and appliance-level data as well as by combining multiple learning algorithms ranging from conventional to deep neural networks. Further research is needed to investigate online approaches that could strengthen the effectiveness of forecasting in time-sensitive energy environments.
Семантичні універсалії «картини світу» майбутніх психологів-консультантів
Authors: Serhieienkova Oksana , Kalishchuk Svitlana , Zabolotna Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Вступ. Отриманий і зафіксований в «картині світу» досвід взаємодії майбутнього психолога-консультанта зі світом «упаковується» в спеціальні мовні структури – семантичні універсалії. Семантичні універсалії мають мовний вираз та відкриваються як смисл. «Картина світу» як стабільно-динамічна система виконує спонукальну й орієнтовну функції і виступає внутрішнім планом діяльності майбутнього психолога-консультанта. Задана властивість «картини світу» до реконструкції викликає дослідницький інтерес до моделювання методів змістового її опису як системи смислів і координат семантичного досвіду. Мета статті – висвітлити специфіку моделювання семантичних універсалій як сукупності значень «картини світу» майбутніх психологів-консультантів. Процедура дослідження. Типом семантичного моделювання було обрано опис «вимірювателя», який реалізовувався методами визначення понять і оціночної решітки. Отримані результати опрацьовувались методом ієрархічного кластерного аналізу.

Результати дослідження. Отримано систему семантичних універсалій, яка складається з 12-ти понять. В якості схеми розгляду отриманих значень були використані виміри аналізу базової категорій «образ». Отриманий в ході дослідження модельний конструкт віднесено до брамфатури. Дендрограма означила два узагальнених кластери семантичних універсалій: «ресурс та інтенція» і «динаміка», які можна розглядати в якості семантичного базису «картини світу» майбутніх психологів-консультантів.

Висновки. Головні координатні крапки «картини світу» майбутніх психологів-консультантів окреслено в ході встановлення міжпонятійних зв’язків системи семантичних універсалій як тексту. Відсутність вимірів «субстанціональності» та «події» в семантичних універсаліях «картини світу» досліджуваних розкрила дефіцитність їх суб’єктивного засобу класифікувати події як відзеркалення світу на певні власні дії та нестачу актуалізації себе і своєї екзистенції. Означене положення потребує складання алгоритмів та умов моделювання розвитку системної екзистенціальної складової «картини світу» майбутніх психологів-консультантів.
Investigating the Concept of “Flirting” as Reflected in the Russian-Speaking Ukrianians’ Linguistic Consciousness
Authors: Gordienko-Mytrofanova Iia , Kobzieva Iuliia , Hohol Denis
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to define and describe the semantic components of the verbalised concept “flirting” as a component of ludic competence in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking people from Eastern Ukraine.

The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment. The sample comprised 400 young people (aged 18-35), males and females being equally represented.

Results. The experiment results proved that the concept “flirting” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine is represented by four core semantic clusters: “verbal and nonverbal means of communication” (27.75%), “forms and types of interaction” (25.25%), “emotions, feelings, states” (24.75%), and “gender” (10.5%). The peripheral clusters “romantic relationship” (4%) and “meeting place” (1.5%) are represented by a relatively equal number of male and female reactions. The fact that clusters on the extreme periphery are exclusively represented either by female (“secret actions”) or male reactions (“time of year”) is most probably explained by certain individual preferences in usage rather than by gender-specific tendencies. The analysis of isolated reactions allowed distinguishing the following cluster reactions: “age” (youth), “period of time” (temporality) and “time of day” (it is getting late).

The associative behaviour of the respondents is characterized by a heterosexual orientation of flirting, which is reflected in the peripheral subcluster “heterosexuality” (1.25%).

Conclusions. Based on the results of cluster analysis, two psycholinguistic meanings of the concept of “flirting” were described: 1. A type of courtship that does not involve sexual intimacy (90.75%) and 2. Sexual relations (4.5%).

The semantic content of the concept core of “flirting” does not depend on gender identification based on the results of the analysis of female and male associative fields. The attitude of informants to the stimulus of “flirting” is emotionally positive and is characterized by positive evaluation.

The comparative analysis of the verbalised concept “flirting” in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking population of Ukraine and people who live in Russia revealed a wider semantic scope and prominent positive attitude to the stimulus of Ukrainian sample. In general, the evaluation of this phenomenon by Russian-speaking respondents in Ukraine and members of the Russian linguistic culture is presented mainly by positive and neutral reactions.
Психолінгвістична природа мовної норми та її місце серед чинників мовленнєвої діяльності
Authors: Makarets Iuliia
Published: May 2021

Вступ. Стаття присвячена психолінгвістичному аспекту вивчення мовної норми як одного з регуляторів мовленнєвої діяльності людини.

Мета дослідження – з’ясувати психолінгвістичну сутність мовної норми та її роль у мовленнєвій діяльності й міжособистісній комунікації.

Методи. Дослідження ґрунтується на матеріалах, зібраних у ході інтерв’ювання й анкетування, а також на висловленнях, зафіксованих на основі лінгвістичного спостереження. При опрацюванні результатів були застосовані елементи статистичного методу. Їх інтерпретація здійснена на основі методики експертних оцінок, інтент- та дискурс-аналізу.

Результати. Розглянуті питання співвідношення термінів мовна норма та мовленнєва норма, сутності мовної норми як фільтра, який регулює реалізацію мовної системи в конкретному мовленнєвому акті, рівня усвідомленості мовної норми мовцем тощо. З’ясована залежність дотримання мовної норми та здійснення закладеного в ній вибору (за винятком системно визначених норм) адресантом мовлення від прогнозування очікувань аудиторії. Проблема оцінювання мовлення аудиторією та самим мовцем представлена з погляду відповідності уявленням комунікантів про систему норм мови.

Висновки. Отже, мовна норма – зовнішній регулятор мовленнєвої діяльності людини, який, інтеріоризуючись, набуває ролі внутрішнього, при цьому зменшується рівень усвідомленості й мовець починає застосовувати норму несвідомо. Порушення мовної норми (мовні девіації) потрактовані як явище подвійної природи: в одних мовленнєвих ситуаціях вони виступають як комунікативний шум, що може відволікати від основної думки висловлення, затемнювати її або й робити зовсім незрозумілою, зводячи нанівець комунікативний акт; в інших – як активний комунікативний подразник, свідомо уведений мовцем як виражальний засіб, що набуває значення антинорми й розкриває закладені в мовній системі творчі потенції.
Ordem de circunstanciais temporais em português e francês: motivações discursivas
Authors: Ilogti de Sá Érika Cristine , Paiva Maria da Conceição Auxiliadora De , Cezário Maria Maura
Published: May 2021

O objetivo principal deste artigo é trazer evidências para a hipótese de que motivações discursivo-funcionais atuam de forma independente de restrições estruturais das línguas. Essa hipótese é verificada através da análise comparativa das diferentes posições ocupadas pelos circunstanciais temporais na modalidade escrita contemporânea do português e do francês. A partir de dados coletados em notícias e editorais publicados em jornais brasileiros e franceses, destacamos que, apesar da sua flexibilidade, esses constituintes se situam principalmente nas margens esquerda e direita da oração.  Focalizando mais especificamente essas duas posições, analisamos a restrição sintática relacionada ao preenchimento da posição do sujeito e a função desempenhada pelo circunstancial temporal na organização textual.  Os resultados indicam que a ocorrência do circunstancial na margem esquerda da oração não pode ser explicada pela diferença estrutural entre as duas línguas. Destaca-se, por outro lado, a correlação entre a função e a posição desses constituintes. Circunstanciais temporais que demarcam subtópicos, introduzindo novos enquadramentos temporais, se situam na periferia esquerda da oração, nas duas línguas. Aqueles que introduzem coordenadas temporais mais restritas à predicação são propensos a ocuparem a margem direita. Apesar de algumas diferenças entre as duas línguas, essa sistematicidade permite concluir que motivações discursivo-textuais são mais gerais e explicam de forma mais adequada a variação na ordem de constituintes.
Linguística funcional, linguística cognitiva e gramática de construções: mapeando o campo das abordagens cognitivo-funcionais
Authors: Pinheiro Diogo , Ferrari Lilian
Published: May 2021

A Linguística Funcional (LF), a Linguística Cognitiva (LC) e a Gramática de Construções (GC) tendem a ser vistas como modelos teóricos mutuamente compatíveis, se não em grande medida coincidentes. Esse estado de coisas torna difícil identificar com precisão os limites e as áreas de intersecção entre as três teorias, o que pode levar, segundo argumentamos, a certas concepções equivocadas. Diante desse cenário, este artigo parte da seguinte questão: quais são os limites e as intersecções entre LF, LC e GC? Em um esforço para responder a essa pergunta, e com isso mapear o território das abordagens cognitivo-funcionais, adotaremos aqui duas perspectivas. De um lado, assumimos um ponto de vista histórico, buscando reconstruir brevemente as origens de cada arcabouço. De outro, concentramo-nos no momento presente, procurando oferecer uma descrição sucinta do mercado teórico contemporâneo de cada um desses paradigmas. Resumidamente, sustentamos que (i) cada arcabouço teórico surgiu a partir de um questionamento distinto em relação à tradição da linguística gerativa e (ii) o desenvolvimento histórico de cada modelo resultou, nos dias de hoje, em uma situação de forte convergência, mas de modo algum sobreposição completa, entre os três quadros teóricos.
Aspecto na gramática infantil
Authors: Hermont Arabie
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho demonstra resultados de estudos e tem três principais objetivos: entender como as categorias tempo e aspecto estão representadas nas gramáticas mentais de crianças, verificar qual categoria surge primeiro na gramática infantil e compreender em que medida aspecto semântico influencia o surgimento de formas gramaticais aspectuais. As reflexões foram realizadas com base em diversos autores que versam sobre o tema e os resultados convergem para a adoção da divisão do nódulo tempo em tempo e aspecto, para a aquisição de aspecto anterior à noção de tempo e para uma análise composicional da relação entre aspecto semântico e aspecto gramatical.
Uma visão construcional da ordem verbo-sujeito como estratégia de focalização no português do Brasil
Authors: De Freitas Junior Roberto , Marques Priscilla Mouta
Published: May 2021

No presente trabalho, apresentamos os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa em curso que visa a mapear a configuração sincrônica de parte da rede construcional de focalização no Português do Brasil (PB). Dessa forma, a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), buscamos descrever as características formais e funcionais de construções ativas e passivas licenciadas pelo esquema [(X)VSN]FOC e representadas, respectivamente, pelos pareamentos [(X)VSN]ATV  e  [(X)VAUXVPPSN]]PAS. Embora em relação aos elementos constituintes ambas as construções se assemelhem, no que tange à focalização, as construções ativas se diferiram das passivas em relação à porção oracional sobre a qual recaiu o caráter [+Focal].
Contribuições da semântica formal para o ensino de língua materna: a quantidade nominal
Authors: Quadros Gomes Ana Paula
Published: May 2021

Este artigo pretende contribuir para o projeto de se “lançar uma ponte entre a linguística teórica e o ensino escolar da gramática” (LEMLE, 1984), propondo uma nova abordagem para o tratamento da quantidade nominal no ensino de língua portuguesa, à luz dos achados da semântica formal. A tradição gramatical (obras de referência e didáticas) e o ensino tradicional assumem a oposição binária singular/plural para os nominais, examinando o número na palavra em isolamento, quanto à morfologia. Observa-se apenas a presença ou ausência de morfema plural, mas o número é produto de mais outros três fatores: (i) o tipo de sentença (episódica ou genérica), (ii) a estrutura sintática do sintagma nominal (nome nu ou sintagma de determinante), (iii) o fato de o nome ser massivo ou contável. O próprio licenciamento do morfema de plural está sujeito a condicionamentos. É necessário o exame da sentença inteira, levando em conta todas essas variáveis, para determinar a interpretação do sintagma nominal. A visão tradicional é limitadíssima, por desconsiderar que, além de contar seres, o PB conta tipos e episódios. A tradição desconsidera também que a quantidade nominal vai muito além de número: há leituras de volume, leituras de abundância de leituras de intensidade. Embora na morfologia o plural seja o mais marcado, semanticamente o mais marcado é o singular. A interpretação da quantidade nominal é complexa e rica, e o tratamento dado hoje à quantidade nominal nas escolas e obras de referência e didáticas brasileiras não dá conta do fenômeno.
Az internálás és a rendőri felügyelet jogi háttere Magyarországon az I. világháború alatt
Authors: Somogyi László
Published: May 2021

A magyar jogrendszerbe az internálás az I. világháború során került be. Ekkor szükségesség vált a magyar és a külföldi polgári állású lakosság kényszerlakhelyének a kijelölése a biztonság és a háború eredményes kimenetelének az elősegítése érdekében. A magyar országgyűlés — a brit a minta nyomán — a polgári kormány kezébe helyezte a kivételes hatalom gyakorlásának a jogkörét. Ezzel szemben az Osztrák Császárság törvényhozó testülete — a porosz minta nyomán — a véderőhöz telepítette a kivételes hatalom gyakorlásának a jogkörét. Ez a helyzet a Magyar Királyság területén óhatatlanul súrlódásokhoz vezetett, azonban a magyar közigazgatásnak sikerült a történelmi Magyarország területén a magyar törvények betartatásával megvalósítani az internálásokat.
RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION ISSUES FOR NEPAL'S GENERAL PRACTITIONERS
Authors: Hayes Bruce
Published: May 2021

The Medical Doctorate in General Practice (MDGP) began in 1982 with the aim of enabling doctors toprovide comprehensive and effective management of common health problems encountered in rural Nepalwhere most of the population lives. This study, through personal questionnaires and interviews of Thirtynine of the Forty-six graduates to date, examines issues of practice location. Place of growing up appearssignificant in determining location of work. Health assistant background and undergraduate rural exposureappear non- significant. Lack of support staff and facilities are the greatest difficulties working in ruralareas. Government policy, particularly frequent transfers and lack of clear career path and family factors,particularly childrenâ€™s education are major issues. Lack of specialist support, lifestyle issues and ContinuingMedical Education appear non-significant. With this information, a selective admissions policy should bestrongly considered. Greater cooperation with government and INGOs to encourage, place and appropriatelyuse the operative and community skills of MDGPs is needed, especially in more remote areas where there iscurrently no viable private practice.
Culture Positive Cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Manandhar Sunil Raja , Malla Om Krishna
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Ophthalmia neonatorum although runs a benign course mostly, sometimes may progress to sight threatening complications. The study was conducted to find the prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonatorum.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center from January to December 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenience sampling was done. All data were entered into excel and, then for analysis, exported to Statistal Package for Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonaturum is 10 (55.55%) (32.61-78.49 at 95% Confidence Interval). The causative organisms were coagulase negative Staphylococcus 4 (40%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (30%), Klebsiella 2 (20%) and Pseudomonas 1 (10%). Culture sensitivity of the isolated organisms were different according to the patient even in case of the same organism. Vancomycin 7 ( 70%) was the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Ciprofloxacin 6 (60%), Amikacin 5 (50%) and Cloxacillin 5 (50%) while Azithromycin 1 (10%), Cefixime 1 (10%) and Cotrimoxazole 1 (10%) were the least sensitive.
Conclusions: Staphylococcus species was the most common organism isolated from neonates with ophthalmia neonatorum and vancomycin was the most sensitive antibiotic.
Burst Fracture of C5 with Traumatic Anterior Spondyloptosis of C6 and Posterior Spondylolisthesis of C4 Vertebra: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Rokaya Poojan , Khadka Nilam Kumar , Giri Praveen Kumar , Khapung Robin , Mahaseth Nirajan
Published: May 2021

Burst fracture of C5 with traumatic anterior spondyloptosis of C6 and posterior spondylolisthesis of C4 vertebra is an exceedingly rare high energy injury. Treatment includes decompression, reduction, stabilization, and fusion via anterior or posterior or combined anterior-posterior approach with or without prior traction. We report this rare subaxial cervical spine injury associated with quadriplegia managed with combined anterior and posterior instrumented fusion. A multidisciplinary approach with preoperative assessment and planning is crucial in managing cervical spine injury. Immediate postoperative critical care support, rehabilitation, and dedicated nursing care are required for a favorable outcome in traumatic quadriplegia.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder in Pregnant Women Visiting a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Karki Chandrima , Chalise Sanat
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The function of the thyroid gland is altered during pregnancy. Thyroid disorders during pregnancy are associated with serious maternal and fetal outcomes. Universal screening for thyroid disorders is recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorder during pregnancy in women attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from March 2020 to August 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review committee with reference number 20032020. The pregnant women >18 years of age, irrespective of their gestational age and gravida status, were included in the study by convenience sampling method. The participants were screened by estimation of thyroid function test. Data were collected, and statistical analysis was done in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 20.0.

Results: A total of 329 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in the present study is 24.62 %. The most common thyroid disorder observed was subclinical hypothyroidism comprising 65 (19.75 %) cases followed by overt hypothyroidism 8 (2.43%) cases.

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy in our settings. Timely screening of pregnant women helps in the early diagnosis and management of complications related to thyroid disorders.
The Impediment in Acquiring Clinical Skills by Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Avilasha
Published: May 2021

With the country being in lockdown for almost seven months now, all the academic studies from school to college have been shifted online. While online learning has been going on fine with some adjustments and compromises, clinical education for medical undergraduates has been seriously affected. Without the proper student-patient interaction and hands-on-experiences, acquiring clinical skills by the students has been difficult.
Recurrence of Avellino Corneal Dystrophy Following Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Rana Rachana Singh , Bajracharya Leena , Gurung Reeta
Published: May 2021

Granular – lattice (Avellino) corneal dystrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion which affects stroma of the cornea with recurrent erosions and decreased vision due to clouding of cornea in later stage. We reported a case of 53-year old woman presented with pain and blurring of vision of left eye for 10 days with history of right eye deep anterior lamellar dystrophy and Left eye penetrating keratoplasty 5years back for Avellino dystrophy. On examination right eye graft was clear and left eye showed circular edges of irregular epithelium with patchy stains and epithelial defect suggestive of recurrence of dystrophy. A patient with recurrent corneal erosions and opacity in cornea has to be examined carefully so as not to overlook Avellino corneal dystrophy. Being a rare disorder this case has been reported to draw the attention of ophthalmologists about its recurrence following keratoplasty.
Lidocaine for Reduction of Pain Induced by Propofol in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghimire Binam , Bahadur Chand Man
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Propofol is the most frequently used anaesthetic agent. Despite various anaesthetic benefits, propofol is not without side effects, pain on injection being the most common adverse effect. This study aimed to find the grade of pain reduced due to the injection of propofol after administration of lidocaine.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to August 2015 in the operating theatre in a tertiary care hospital after taking ethical clearance with an ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee. A total of 64 participants fulfilling all inclusion criteria of both gender, age ranged from 16-65 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II ready for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with propofol pretreated with 60mg lidocaine with venous occlusion for one minute were observed. The pain was graded by the four-point scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe). Haemodynamic variables were measured until just before intubation.
Results: In patients pretreated with lidocaine, no pain 56 (87.5%), mild pain 8 (12.5%) and moderate pain 0 (0%) were observed.
Conclusions: The grade of pain during injection of propofol was reduced in more than three-fourth of the patients after administration of pre-anaesthetic drug-like lidocaine.
Применение адаптивного анизотропного диффузного фильтра для повышения качества изображения отражателей при проведении ультразвукового неразрушающего контроля
Authors: Базулин Е.Г.
Published: May 2021

Currently, in order to increase the speed of preparing the ultrasound control protocol and reduce the influence of the human factor, systems for recognizing (classifying) reflectors based on artificial neural networks are being actively developed. For their more efficient operation, the images of the reflectors need to be worked on in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the image and its segmentation (clustering). One of the segmentation methods is to process the image with an adaptive anisotropic diffuse filter, which is used to process optical images. In model experiments, the effectiveness of using this texture filter for segmentation of images of reflectors reconstructed from echo signals measured using antenna arrays is demonstrated.
Анализ параметров донных сигналов в зоне сварных стыков рельсов при высокоскоростном ультразвуковом контроле
Authors: Марков А.А. , Максимова Е.А.
Published: May 2021

The present research is a continuation of works aimed at analyzing the parameters of ultrasonic signals during high-speed inspection of rails. The article analyzes the zones of welded joints of rails in a wide range of inspection speeds. The change in the amplitudes of the bottom signals in the zone of welded joints is analyzed. At certain scanning speeds, many areas of welded joints can be attributed to untested rail sections with significant loss of bottom signals. The research results can be used to improve the designs of search systems for high-speed diagnostic systems, as well as to determine the permissible scanning speeds of the rail track.