bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Docking Analysis of Ficus religiosa Active Compound with Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Yueniwati Yuyun , Syaban Mokhammad Fahmi Rizki , Erwan Nabila Erina , Putra Gumilar Fardhani Ami , Krisnayana Agung Dwi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus contributes to the delayed healing of wounds causes disturbance of inflammatory cytokine. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) both have a role in the persistent inflammation associated with diabetic wounds. Ficus religiosa has developed a reputation as a traditional wound healer among some java people in Indonesia. AIM: Our study aims to discover the molecular interaction between the active constituents of F. religiosa with TNF-alpha and VEGFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted in computerized molecular docking using Protein database, Pymol, Discovery studio, and Pyrex software. A thorough literature search was conducted to identify the potential compound and molecular target for diabetic wounds. Analysis of its anti-inflammatory properties was also carried out using a passonline webserver. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the Lipinski Rule of Five websites and the PreADMET website. RESULTS: Each of the study’s active compounds has a good pharmacokinetic profile. The predictions of the compound’s structure indicate that it has a strong anti-inflammatory impact. Lupenyl acetate and Lanosterol bind more strongly to the TNF-alpha than the natural ligand, but Piperine binds more strongly to VEGFR. CONCLUSIONS: Lupenyl acetate, Lanosterol, and Piperine compounds have anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of TNF-alpha and VEGFR. In addition, this compound has potential to become a drug because it has good pharmacokinetics. Future studies are required to determine the effectiveness and toxicity of Lupenyl acetate, Lanosterol, and Piperine as potential treatment in diabetic wounds.
Protective Activity of Beetroot Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rat Model
Authors: Nugraha Sony Eka , Yuandani Yuandani , Syahputra Rony Abdi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The administration of doxorubicin can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupt the balance of antioxidant defenses triggered a cell damage including liver cells and renal cells. Antioxidant from medicinal plants have play role in protecting the cells against ROS. Beetroot tuber contains various phytochemical compound that has an antioxidant property.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the protective effect of beetroot ethanol extract on concurrent use of doxorubicin for 15 days by measuring blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and histopathological changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five male white rats as weighing 180–200 g were divided into five treatment groups. Group I was the normal control group, Group II was a negative control group that only injected doxorubicin with a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 15 days. Group III-V was the test group given beetroot extract (BE) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg, respectively, for 15 days with doxorubicin.

RESULTS: The group treated with BE at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW could improve serum levels of liver enzymes compared with negative controls (p < 0.05). The group treated with BE at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW also showed an improved effect on creatinine and BUN levels of rats compared to negative controls (p < 0.05). All parameters showed that the protective activity of beetroot ethanol extract was dependent on increasing the dose.

CONCLUSION: This research proves that the compound contained in beetroot ethanol extract has protective activity in liver and kidney of rats induced by doxorubicin.
Potential Development of Chicken Egg Shell in Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil Innovation through the Stirer Chamber Device
Authors: Narwati Narwati , Suryono Hadi , Setiawan Setiawan
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Waste cooking oil (WCO) is overused for frying food can be a series of chemical changes, such as rancid, oxidation, and decomposition. Most of the secretion of toxic compounds are a product of oxidizing fatty acids, especially double-unsaturated fatty acids. The intervention of stirrer chamber unit and utilization of chicken egg’s shell as an absorbent is known to be able to improve the quality of WCO, includes reducing the number of peroxide and the free fatty acids (FFA). AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the powdered chicken egg’s shell on the number of peroxide and the WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber. METHODS: The research design used a simple experiment type post-test only Control Group Design. The subject was divided randomly into two groups, the treatment was given to one group as a control group and another group (other treatment) as an experimental group. The WCO sample called “Jelantah” for each treatment was 100 ml as much as 48 samples. The replication was carried out twice with 24 treatments of the mass of egg’s shell powder that was 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g at a stirring time for 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min before and after heating 35°C using 150 rpm of stirring speed. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Anova statistical test. RESULTS: Based on the result from this research showed that the original WCO contained the number of peroxide and FFA exceeded the quality standard of SNI 3741 (2013) that is 16.7 MekO2/kg and 0.69% in sequence. The average number of peroxide of control group before heating was 15.31 MekO2/kg and after heating was 17.4 MekO2/kg, while the FFA before heating was 0.61%, and after heating was 0.71%. The number of peroxide of the treatment group before heating was 12.83 MekO2/kg and after heating was 6.98 MekO2/kg, while the FFA content before heating was 0.46% and after heating was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that chicken egg’s shell powder could minimize the content of peroxide and WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber.
Spectrum of Complications of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: An Experience of Tertiary Nephrology Center in Najaf City-Iraq
Authors: Noori Evan , Hadi Rawaa , Sharba Yasir , Sharba Zahraa Fathi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also called chronic kidney failure, is described as gradual loss of kidney function. CKD can progress to end-stage kidney failure, which is fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or kidney transplant. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has a widespread renal replacement therapy with great acceptance because of simplicity, flexibility, and independence.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in patients with CKD.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study, involved 140 patients, aged between 18 and 80 years old and suffered from CKD under maintenance CAPD in the dialysis unit of the renal center. All data regarding the sociodemographic profile of the patient, vitals, etiological diagnosis, frequency and duration of dialysis, and dialysis-related complications were taken.

RESULTS: In the current study, there is a significant difference in the distribution of complications among gender where the female patients had a higher incidence of both infectious and non-infectious complications. The study also reported that there is much lower rate of complications among patients on laparoscope operation in compared with the open operation. In addition, patients with open abdomen PD developed the complications earlier than those with laparoscope maintenance CAPD.

CONCLUSION: Peritoneal infection is the most prevalent complication among the other complications in the current study. There is much lower rate of complications among patients on PD in compared with hemodialysis and on laparoscope in compared with the open operation.
Cultural Barriers to Husband’s Involvement in Maternal Health in Indonesia Rural Area, A Qualitative Study
Authors: Syarifah Syarifah , Rochadi Kintoko , Tukiman Tukiman
Published: November 2021

Background
Maternal mortality represents the health condition of the mother during pregnancy. In developing countries, maternal health is often poor because pregnant women are not fully supported by their husbands. The problem is, husbands have cultural barriers to engage in activities that can provide space for pregnant women to be healthier.
 
Aim
This study was conducted to examine the husband's cultural barriers in the Toba Batak culture in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
 
Methods
The research was conducted using a qualitative approach in rural areas. A total of 30 husbands were interviewed using FGD techniques, in addition to FGDs with health workers.
 
Results
This study reveals the root of cultural problems related to the husband's perception of men's and women's work, as well as the inherent traditions that make the husband distance himself from maternal health.
 
Conclusion
Cultural barriers of husband’s involvement in maternal health are very clear in Batak tribe. Efforts are needed to change cultural barrier by implementing a cultural approach.
Determinants of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in School Students - A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sumarni Nina , Rahayuwati Laili , Purnama Dadang , Rosidin Udin , Shalahuddin Iwan , Suhendar Iwan
Published: November 2021

Background: The status of global pandemic that has been going on for more than one year has forced countries around the world to adopt new habitual adaptations, including Indonesia. The application of new norm adjustments is applied in all areas that intersect with the public, such as public transportation, places of worship, offices, supermarkets, inns and restaurants. Control of the spread of Covid-19 is carried out by the government with various efforts so its spread can be controlled but in reality on the ground it is increasingly rampant, controlling the spread of Covid-19 can be successful if the entire community participates in taking precautions for its spread. Aims: Research objective was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of SMKN I students in efforts to prevent Covid-19.
Methods: The type of this research was processed using descriptive correlative method which described the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of students in efforts to prevent Covid-19. The population in this research were students that majoring in Pharmacy and Computer and Network Engineering Departments of SMKN 1 Garut, the sample was using total sampling technique as many as 160 respondents, the instrument in this research was questionnaire. Data analysis used chi-square.
Results: The result showed that the level of students' knowledge about the efforts to prevent Covid-19 was in the sufficient category (72%). Most of the students' attitude about the prevention of Covid-19 was in the sufficient category (74%). Most of the sufferers' behavior regarding the prevention of Covid-19 was in the good category (79%). Based on the result of statistical tests using Chi Square, the result showed that there was a relationship between students' knowledge and behavior in efforts to prevent Covid-19 (p value = 0.63) and there was a relationship between students' attitude and behavior in efforts to prevent Covid-19 (p value = 0.83). The conclusion was that there was a relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of students in efforts to prevent Covid-19.
The Knowledge of Nursing Internship Program Students about Early Detection of Sepsis
Authors: Stefani Stefani , Trisyani Yanny , Setyawati Anita
Published: November 2021

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition due to the failure of the body’s regulation of infection. Knowledge deficit is one of the barriers to early detection and initiation of sepsis care. Nursing internship program students as future nurses need to have sufficient knowledge about early detection of sepsis to support their behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of nursing internship program students regarding the early detection of sepsis and the demographic factor related to the knowledge.      Methods: The study design was a quantitative study. Through the proportionate stratified non-random sampling technique, the researcher involved 143 nursing internship program students of Universitas Padjadjaran. Data collection used a questionnaire based on the Sepsis-3 guidelines to measure nursing internship program students’ knowledge about early detection of sepsis. The data was carried out in July-August 2021.   Results: The average knowledge score of the respondents was 70.4 (SD=11.9). More than half of the respondents (56.6%) got a score below the average. Almost all respondents do not know the current definition of sepsis and still use the SIRS definition as clinical criteria for sepsis. However, respondents could identify clinical criteria for sepsis based on qSOFA and analyse sepsis indicators based on case scenarios. Meanwhile, based on its characteristics, the information is a factor that significantly affects the knowledge score (p < 0.05).          Conclusion: In conclusion, there is still a gap in the knowledge of the nursing internship program students regarding the update of the Sepsis-3 guidelines. Besides, information is identified as the factor that influences knowledge. Therefore, it suggested that the institution provide further effective educational methods to update students’ knowledge about the early detection of sepsis.
von Willebrand Factor Gene Polymorphism in Preeclampsia Pregnant at Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Dewi Indah Sari , Siregar Muhammad Fidel Ganis , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Warli Syah Mirsya
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a large glycoprotein mediating hemostasis and thrombosis. The roles of vWF are platelets adhesion to sites of vascular damage and stabilization of coagulation factor VIII.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the vWF gene on preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancy in Medan, Indonesia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and was electrophoresed in agarose 2%. Electrophoresis results were detected using Gel Doc 1000 (Biorad, USA). The sequencing method was used to identify polymorphism from vWF gene.

RESULTS: From 50 samples of PE patients, the g.93308C>T vWF gene polymorphism was found with the percentage of TT, CT, and CC genotypes as 50%, 42%, and 8%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The c.93308C>T vWF gene polymorphism was found in the genotype percentage of homozygous TT, and heterozygote CT was greater than wild-type CC.
Study the effect of low pH on Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Tsear Anam
Published: November 2021

The grooved carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) is one of the most economically essential mollusks in Mediterranean lagoons and sandy beaches, with fisheries and aquaculture both contributing to its abundance. The goal of this research is to see how varying amounts of acidity affect this calcifying organism. 420 ppm (ambient control), 550 ppm, 750 ppm, and 1050 ppm were used to incubate juvenile clams in CO2  enriched saltwater. With increasing pCO2 , the biological parameters evaluated revealed a small decline. Differences, however, were not substantial. In terms of overall weight, the reduction was greatest at 550 and 1050 ppm. Furthermore, clams kept at 550 parts per million had the lowest condition index and the greatest mortality rate of 8%. Both the 550 ppm and the control 420 ppm groups demonstrated an increase in metabolic rate and ammonia excretion in the physiological response testing. With increasing acidification, the algal feed clearance rate declined, with the highest average value in the control (420 ppm) group and the lowest average value in the extremely high pCO2 (1050 ppm) group. Ocean acidification may put further strain on R. decussatus' health and economic value by the end of the century
Evaluating the effectiveness of vegetation conservation on a sacred mountain in western China
Authors: Cao Zhaoyang , Dou Liang , Yang Nan , Zhang Kai , Wang Bin , Xu Yu , Ran Jianghong
Published: November 2021

Sacred natural sites, as probably the oldest form of habitat reserve for religious or cultural causes worldwide, are suggested to have an important role in conserving vegetation; however, there are insufficient data supporting the detailed implications of such sites for vegetation conservation. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of vegetation conservation on a Tibetan sacred mountain in Yajiang County, Sichuan, China, by investigating species richness and the structural attributes of higher vascular plant communities on and around the sacred mountain from April to June 2009. The results showed that the number of tree species on the sacred mountain was significantly higher than that in the surrounding area, but there were no notable differences in the numbers of shrub and grass species between the two sites. The sacred mountain harbored a greater number of small, short trees compared with the surrounding area, wherein the low-shrub and grass understory was relatively dense. We conclude that the sacred mountain has a positive impact on indigenous vegetation protection, but disparities in the management of the allowed uses of such sites could reduce their conservation effectiveness.
Renforcer l’attractivité d’un métier en tension : impact d’une campagne d’affichage sur l’image, l’attitude et l’intention envers le métier de conducteur routier
Authors: Jacquemier-Paquin Laure , Jeanpert Sophie , Claye-Puaux Sophie
Published: November 2021

Confrontés à de grandes difficultés de recrutement, les transporteurs s’interrogent sur la manière de revaloriser l’image du métier de conducteurs routiers pour attirer de nouveaux candidats. L’objet de cette recherche est d’étudier l’efficacité d’une campagne d’affichage destinée à changer l’image du métier et en améliorer l’attrait. Une étude quantitative par questionnaires, conduite sur 309 répondants, confirme un effet positif de l’affiche et des éléments la constituant (le message et le modèle figurant sur l’affiche) sur les représentations du métier, l’attitude et les intentions envers le métier. Une meilleure image du métier concourt à ce que les individus l’envisagent comme un choix professionnel possible pour eux (projection dans le métier) ou pour autrui (recommandation). En s’appuyant sur les théories marketing de persuasion publicitaire, notre recherche offre une première modélisation, validée, de la formation de l’image métier en considérant ses antécédents (la publicité) et ses conséquences en matière d’attitude et de comportement favorable envers le métier. Au plan conceptuel, elle s’inscrit dans le champ nouveau du marketing des métiers et participe au domaine de la communication de recrutement pour un métier (et non une organisation). Au plan managérial, elle confirme tout l’intérêt que les professionnels du transport auraient à mettre en œuvre collectivement une campagne de communication de grande envergure pour faire face au problème de pénurie de conducteurs routiers qu’ils rencontrent. La publicité constitue une solution probante pour faire évoluer l’image du métier et en améliorer l’attrait.
GRH et innovation en PME : une perspective multi-niveaux
Authors: Adla Ludivine
Published: November 2021

Cet article vise à comprendre comment articuler la GRH et l’innovation en PME au travers de la théorie du don/contre-don. Une perspective multi-niveaux a été mobilisée pour s’intéresser à cette relation. Notre étude longitudinale et exploratoire a été menée au sein d’une PME innovante. Nos résultats révèlent les différentes pratiques de GRH déployées aux niveaux individuel, collectif et organisationnel.
Politique d’inclusion et leadership authentique : Un véritable enjeu pour les femmes et les hommes leaders
Authors: Saint-Michel Sarah E.
Published: November 2021

Démontrer du leadership authentique nécessite de se connaître avec justesse et de transmettre avec conviction ses valeurs profondes. Pour ce faire, cela implique d’être observé comme légitime auprès des collaborateurs. Malgré de net progrès concernant la promotion des femmes aux postes décisionnaires, les hommes sont implicitement reconnus pour exercer la fonction de leader ainsi que pour l’incarner. Par conséquent, être sincère et déployer du leadership de manière authentique peut constituer une véritable difficulté pour les femmes. D’une part, dans l’expression de leur leadership, sans biais de perception, sans attentes stéréotypées, mais également, lors de l’évaluation de leur compétence de leadership. Cet article tente de mettre en lumière l’environnement organisationnel octroyant aux leaders la liberté de déployer du leadership authentique. À travers une étude de cas unique, portant sur une entreprise réputée pour son investissement en matière de mixité et d’inclusion des salariés, nous examinerons les conditions organisationnelles octroyant aux leaders, femmes et hommes, de déployer du leadership authentique.
Instituer la régulation, s’ériger en régulateur. Des concurrences au sein de la haute fonction publique à la création d’un marché des télécommunications
Authors: Robert Melaine
Published: November 2021

Cet article analyse les réformes du secteur des télécommunications qui séparent progressivement les fonctions de régulation et d’exploitation dans la France des années 1980. L’ennoblissement des télécommunications dans les années 1970 attire des membres du Conseil d’État dans ce secteur jusqu’alors réservé aux ingénieurs polytechniciens du corps des Télécoms. Les concurrences entre ces acteurs pour le contrôle du secteur entraînent la séparation entre régulation et exploitation.
Impact of some local organic by-products on Acheta domesticus growth and meal production
Authors: Jucker C. , Belluco S. , Oddon S. Bellezza , Ricci A. , Bonizzi L. , Lupi D. , Savoldelli S. , Biasato I. , Caimi C. , Mascaretti A. , Gasco L.
Published: November 2021

The house cricket Acheta domesticus is one of the species of major interest as alternative protein source for humans in the recent research of sustainable and nutritious sources of food. However, grain feeds, feed for poultry and soybean still represent common source of feeds for the insect industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some agro-food by-products on the growth parameters of the crickets and the nutritional composition of the final cricket meal. Our study included five by-products (maize grain distiller, fruits and vegetables, grape marc, and two brewery’s wastes), while hen feed was used as a control diet. Substrates were analysed for their microbiological contamination prior to be provided to crickets. No Listeria and Salmonella were detected, but high microbial counts were observed. Crickets grown on the given by-products showed significant differences on the insect’s weight starting from the third week. High mortality was observed on all substrates, except on maize distiller and the control diet. The final cricket meal showed a similar protein content (66-68% as is), while the lipid content was higher in the meal from cricket reared on maize distiller (22% as is). Finally, microbiological and chemical analyses on the cricket meals did not show safety concerns for the consumers. The by-products studied, except maize grain distiller, did not support an optimal cricket rearing, but more studies are necessary to identify a mix-formulation meeting the cricket nutritional requirements.
The Laplace transform as an alternative general method for solving linear ordinary differential equations
Authors: Guo William
Published: November 2021

The Laplace transform is a popular approach in solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs), particularly solving initial value problems (IVPs) of ODEs. Such stereotype may confuse students when they face a task of solving ODEs without explicit initial condition(s). In this paper, four case studies of solving ODEs by the Laplace transform are used to demonstrate that, firstly, how much influence of the stereotype of the Laplace transform was on student's perception of utilizing this method to solve ODEs under different initial conditions; secondly, how the generalization of the Laplace transform for solving linear ODEs with generic initial conditions can not only break down the stereotype but also broaden the applicability of the Laplace transform for solving constant-coefficient linear ODEs. These case studies also show that the Laplace transform is even more robust for obtaining the specific solutions directly from the general solution once the initial values are assigned later. This implies that the generic initial conditions in the general solution obtained by the Laplace transform could be used as a point of control for some dynamic systems.
Efectividad de áreas de conservación privada comunal en bosques montanos nublados del norte de Perú
Authors: Delgado Ellen , Meza Mori Gerson , Barboza Elgar , Rojas Briceño Nilton B. , Torres Guzmán Cristóbal , Oliva-Cruz Manuel , Chavez-Quintana Segundo G. , Salas López Rolando , López de la Lama Rocío , Sevillano-Ríos C. Steven , Sarmiento Fausto
Published: November 2021

Las Áreas de Conservación Privada (ACP) son uno de los mecanismos de conservación, gestionadas por ciudadanos privados que más protagonismo han adquirido en los escenarios de conservación local en los últimos años. En este estudio evaluamos la efectividad de cuatro ACP gestionadas por comunidades locales (CC). Se aplicó el Índice de Efectividad Compuesto (IEC) para determinar la efectividad del diseño, la integridad ecológica y la gestión. Los resultados muestran sistemas de gestión con una efectividad media, tres de las cuatro ACP evaluados (Copallín, Huaylla Belén-Colcamar y Tilacancha) reportan un diseño efectivo. Los rangos altitudinales protegidos están entre 2500 y 3500 m.s.n.m., con un índice de representatividad de la superficie promedio de 4,55% con respecto al área conservada en la categoría ACP para el departamento de Amazonas. La evaluación de la integridad ecológica indica que las ACP presentan menor superficie transformada (TS) (0-10%) y mayor TS en sus áreas circundantes, especialmente en el ACP Tilacancha (13,37% de TS en un buffer de 1,5 km). La suma ponderada de los índices individuales resulta en índices de efectividad compuestos de mayor a menor para el ACP Copallín (2,22), Hierba Buena Allpayacku (1,82), Huaylla Belen Colcamar (1,81) y Tilacancha (1,56).
« Notre vie semble aller vers un avenir incertain… » : la frontière orientale, une obsession finlandaise (1917-1922)
Authors: Carrez Maurice
Published: November 2021

L’agression soviétique de l’automne 1939 a souvent fait passer la Finlande pour une victime éternelle de la brutalité de son grand voisin. Or, la frontière orientale de ce pays a une histoire beaucoup plus complexe que ne le laisserait penser l’événement précité. En effet, la contestation des limites de l’ancien grand-duché a souvent été, entre 1917 et 1922, le fait des Finlandais eux-mêmes, et pas seulement d’ailleurs des ultranationalistes. Les dirigeants « rouges » de la Délégation du peuple et ceux des gouvernements « bourgeois » qui leur ont succédé ont souvent lorgné vers la Carélie avec des projets d’annexion plus ou moins clairs. La lutte contre le bolchevisme n’a souvent été qu’un prétexte pour annexer ce que beaucoup désignaient comme un « peuple frère » dans la droite lignée du mythe kalévaléen. Les révolutionnaires russes pour leur part ont peut-être eu, ne serait-ce qu’en raison de la fragilité de leur position, des positions plus modérées. C’est ce que cet article va s’attacher à montrer en tenant compte à la fois des facteurs conjoncturels et de longue durée.
Quelle homogénéité baltique au regard des dynamiques maritimes et portuaires ?
Authors: Serry Arnaud
Published: November 2021

Héritière d’une configuration spécifique au regard de l’économie maritime mondiale, la mer Baltique est aujourd’hui, et depuis une vingtaine d’années, un espace maritime dynamique. La région connaît des taux de croissance de son trafic maritime parmi les plus élevés au monde ayant entraîné le renouveau de son monde portuaire. Toutefois, entre coopération, concurrence et dissensions, il convient de s’interroger sur ce qui caractérise aujourd’hui cet écosystème. Ce développement profite-t-il de la même manière à l’ensemble des entités portuaires, est-il appelé à perdurer notamment face à la volonté de le Russie de se recentrer sur ses ports et donc de renverser la logique géographique de cette région qui, depuis la création des ports hanséatiques, s’est développée principalement comme interface entre l’Europe du Nord-Ouest et son hinterland russe ?
Les États baltes vus de Moscou
Authors: Romer Jean-Christophe
Published: November 2021

Anciens territoires de l’Empire russe, puis républiques de l’Union soviétique, les trois États baltes ont vu leur situation instrumentalisée par Moscou dès la disparition de l’URSS. Entre volonté centrifuge de ces derniers et vision impériale de la Russie, les situations de crise, voire de confrontation, étaient presque inévitables. À des degrés divers, la confrontation s’exprime dans plusieurs domaines, de la représentation de l’espace à celle de la sécurité en passant par des rivalités d’écriture d’histoire et de mémoire. Ces trois États constituent dès lors pour la Russie un lieu privilégié et même un fer de lance de l’expression des rivalités de pouvoir entre Moscou et le monde occidental.
Le paradoxe identitaire au pays de Galles : une diversité imaginée ?
Authors: Bory Stéphanie
Published: November 2021

Longtemps considéré comme une terre d’accueil en raison de son héritage culturel et populaire, le pays de Galles, comme d’autres pays européens, n’a pas échappé aux tensions raciales dès le XIXe siècle. Cependant, l’Assemblée mise en place en 1998 par le Government of Wales Act, devenue officiellement le Parlement en 2020, a souhaité promouvoir l’égalité des chances et a multiplié les programmes pour favoriser la diversité et encourager les minorités à participer à la vie publique et politique. Seulement cette diversité souhaitée et encouragée par les institutions se révèle plus imaginée que réelle si bien que la société civile galloise, pilier d’une nouvelle identité plus civique qu’ethnique, semble fabriquée de toutes pièces.
Relationships Education in English Primary Schools : Squaring the Circle of Equality in the Early 21st Century
Authors: Beauvallet Anne
Published: November 2021

This paper belongs to the field of curriculum research and is based on a case study, that of the No Outsiders project initiated in the Parkfield Community School in Birmingham which started teaching Relationships Education (RE) before it became a compulsory subject in English primary schools in September 2020. No Outsiders partly covers the contents of RE and clearly refers to same-sex relationships and LGBT issues. This is exactly what protesters daily contested outside the school in 2019. Government guidance on RE, No Outsiders and the arguments of the project’s opponents are based on the 2010 Equality Act which defines “protected” “characteristics” like “religion or belief” or “sex and sexual orientation”. Can the 2010 Act ensure all those “characteristics” are equally “protected”? The approach of the government to tackling same-sex relationships in primary schools and parents’ rights has been everything but clear and the 2010 Equality Act seems to fall short in its attempt to safeguard all the “characteristics” it lists.
La fracture Leavers vs Remainers : Autopsie d’un nouveau type d’identité politique
Authors: Leydier Gilles
Published: November 2021

Le débat sur le Brexit a polarisé la société britannique d’une façon inédite, suscitant un degré d’engagement émotionnel dont les Britanniques, dans le contexte d’un déclin structurel des allégeances partisanes, ne semblaient plus être capables. Il a créé une nouvelle source d’identification politique, susceptible de remodeler les clivages anciens et de revigorer la participation au débat public. L’affrontement entre Remainers et Leavers a constitué une source durable de réalignement au sein d’un électorat de plus en plus volatile, au point de devenir le clivage dominant de la société et de la vie politique britanniques, par-delà les divisions traditionnelles entre gauche et droite ou l’opposition partisane conservateurs/travaillistes. Dans le cadre de cet article, on s’interrogera sur les principales caractéristiques de cette fracture sociétale inédite et originale, sur ses origines, les marqueurs de son évolution et les facteurs de radicalisation tout au long de la période concernée, ainsi que sur sa capacité à se pérenniser dans le contexte désormais acquis du désengagement britannique de l’Union Européenne.
Criminal Policy, Security, and Justice in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Norouzi Nima
Published: November 2021

This study explains the necessary elements in controlling and reducing harmful and incompatible social phenomena with the nature of existence to design correct and challenging social and scientific models using comprehensive approaches to criminal policy and chaos theory.
Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Migrant Workers and the Informal Sector
Authors: Varshney Deepanjana
Published: November 2021

The Indian and the international media presented the Indian migrant workforce's troubles during the COVID-19 crisis. The unprecedented circumstances opened a Pandora's box of years of neglect and sidelining of the welfare and wellness of the migrant workers of the informal sector. The literature was sourced from the workforce migration literature of India, newspapers, government and private agency reports, population census of 2011, and research papers published during the period. This exploratory research has the objective to explore the informal sector's background and the migrant workers of India before the pandemic to understand the immediate short-term implications and the long-term impact of the pandemic across all sections of the informal workers. Finally, the research concludes with a discussion on the policy imperatives deemed to have a beneficial effect on the migrant workers in future years, once the COVID-19 crisis is over.
Women Entrepreneurship Through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Mashingaidze Mugove
Published: November 2021

The chapter investigated the COVID-19-induced challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe, the strategies used by women entrepreneurs to survive the COVID-19 crisis, and the government support needed by women entrepreneurs to recover from the pandemic. A quantitative research approach using a structured questionnaire was adopted for gathering data. Empirical findings illustrate that women entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe faces a multiplicity of challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, findings indicate that women entrepreneurs are cutting down costs, have introduced new delivery channels, and have reviewed their business models to become more resilient. However, women entrepreneurs also expect the government to offer readily accessible finances, arrange for skills and capacity-building training in response to the new normal, and craft economic recovery policies and packages that are tailored to specifically respond to the needs of women entrepreneurs. The study has both theoretical and practical implications.
Gamification in E-Learning
Authors: Topal Murat , Karaca Ozan
Published: November 2021

This chapter is structured to help give readers a general impression about gamification and its relationship with e-learning from the perspective of basic sources of gamification. Gamification is important for e-learning, which can share the same digital environment with digital game components because it has the potential to increase the engagement of the learners in digital environment. This chapter on gamification has primarily tried to explain the reasons for prompting people to play and the kinds of actions of the players after defining the game and gamification. Afterwards, explaining the components of the gamification design models, some gamification applications are stated as successful examples that can be used in e-learning. The chapter concludes by giving information about the limits, criticism, and future of gamification.
Game Concepts in Learning and Teaching Process
Authors: Concilio Ilana de Almeida Souza , Braga Pedro Henrique Cacique
Published: November 2021

The traditional teaching and learning process has undergone several transformations in order to increase the engagement and motivation of students in relation to the content studied. The emergence of learning management systems, along with the adoption of games or gamification features, make the instructional process more stimulating and dynamic. Educators also seek to identify appropriate pedagogical strategies in the context of motivational design and the study of emotions. This chapter aims to present different approaches to playful learning and also discuss good practices in the use of frameworks created based on students' emotional components and instructional design in order to make game-based learning and the use of gamification more effective and engaging.
Gamification Assessment
Authors: Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa Beatriz
Published: November 2021

University education is currently the object of numerous changes related to the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). One of them involves placing the student at the core of the teaching-learning process through the use of active methodologies. During the academic year 2018/2019, with this objective in mind, Gamification was introduced in the subject of Microeconomics as an innovative teaching experience. This was carried out through the use of Kahoot. At the end of the course, the experience was evaluated through an online questionnaire combined with the analysis of the academic results. In general, the innovative experience was positive for the students because it increased their motivation and participation in the classroom, and improved the learning process. The experience also positively affected final results of the participating students.
Multiple Intelligences and Digital Learning Game Design
Authors: Sajjadi Pejman , De Troyer Olga
Published: November 2021

Empirical research that draws a framework on how the theory of MI could be incorporated in (learning) games is non-existent. Furthermore, the theory of MI fits well into the concept of individualization, as it distinguishes between individuals in terms of their abilities. In light of this, the chapter reports on the first evidence-based set of mappings between this theory and fundamental constructs of games known as mechanics. These mappings can be utilized by designers in the individualization paradigm of player-centered game design as guidelines on what mechanics to include in their design when targeting an audience with specific MI profiles. Such individualization can potentially positively affect the game experience of players while establishing the proper frame for affecting learning. As such, these mappings, available in form of a recommendation tool, act as guidelines on how to design (learning) games while considering the intelligences of the target audience.
Preservice Teachers Consider Game-Based Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sardone Nancy B.
Published: November 2021

Gaming has become a core activity with children and more teachers are using games for teaching content than they did five years ago. Yet, teachers report that they learn about game titles, impact studies, and facilitation techniques through their own initiatives or from other teachers rather than from their teacher education program. This chapter reports on a combined curricular strategy built on game strategy research that asked teacher candidates (n= 125) to discuss news headlines about games, play educational games, review games, and game research, teach others how to play educational games, and construct games. Findings reveal that candidates saw value in using games in K-12 to teach content, were able to develop assessments based on game content at a novice level, and were able to construct games either alone or in small groups. Educators contemplating gaming as an instructional strategy may be interested in the espoused combination strategy to encourage game adoption in K-12 settings.
Applying a Developmental Lens to Educational Game Designs for Preschoolers
Authors: Callaghan Melissa N , Reich Stephanie M.
Published: November 2021

Preschool-aged learners process information differently from older individuals, making it critical to design digital educational games that are tailored to capitalize on young children's learning capabilities. This in-depth literature synthesis connects features of digital educational game design - including visuals, feedback, scaffolding challenge, rewards, and physical interactions to how young children learn. Preschoolers' interests and abilities (e.g., limited attention-span, early reading skills, etc.) are different than older users. As such, developmental science should be used to guide the design of educational games from aesthetic decisions that capture preschoolers' initial interest (e.g., meaningful characters) to carefully select end-of-game rewards (e.g., leveling up). This article connects learning and developmental science research to the design of digital educational games, offering insights into how best to design games for young users and how to select developmentally appropriate games for children.
Educational Computer Games in Math Teaching
Authors: Sahin Hatice B. , Anagun Sengul S.
Published: November 2021

In this study, the effect of educational computer games on students' academic success and their attitudes towards mathematics were investigated. The study was designed as a mixed method. The results revealed that after the implementation, no significant variation was observed between both groups in terms of academic test scores and attitude points. However, qualitative findings indicated that students in the experimental group got more pleasure from the lessons and their attitudes towards mathematics were positively affected. Also, educational computer games are effective learning tools and create a positive affirmation on students. Although this study was conducted in the face to face classrooms, the findings would be transferred to other learning settings such as distance and online education. Therefore, the experience obtained from such technologically enriched learning environments is discussed in the context of distance and online learning.
Language Learning in the 21st Century
Authors: Tan Debbita Ai Lin , Lee Bee Choo , Ganapathy Malini , Kasuma Shaidatul Akma Adi
Published: November 2021

Kahoot! is a gaming system designed for interactive learning and can be utilised for students of all ages. The present study involved two groups of Malaysian ESL students (n = 57) enrolled in a remedial English proficiency course in a public university. All 57 participants were exposed to weekly Kahoot! sessions over a period of one semester; the sessions covered various English language learning components including vocabulary and reading comprehension, but focused largely on grammar. At the end of the semester, the participants completed a 34-item questionnaire comprising closed- and open-ended items. The questionnaire was tested for reliability with returned values indicating high internal consistency, thus making the instrument a reliable option for use in future studies. The study's findings indicate that the students found Kahoot! to be beneficial in terms of: 1) inducing motivation, and 2) fostering and reinforcing learning. The students were also of the opinion that Kahoot! would be useful for foreign language learning (for instance, Spanish and French).
Gamification and Game-Based Learning
Authors: Delgado-Algarra Emilio José
Published: November 2021

Teachers can use game mechanics in a non-game environment (gamification), or they can consider playing a game as an option to learn content. In the first case, adding elements inspired by games to the classroom environment allows teachers to create a motivating atmosphere for the learning of social sciences, geography, and history. The second case is directly related to games that “teach” content through making decisions and observation of consequences. With a focus on elements, benefits, strategies, and some of the most important resources to introduce gamification and game-based learning in social science education, the authors highlight student motivation and learning of content and skills. Although gamification is not a new concept, it can be considered that the technological development and the recognition of its didactic possibilities have extended the educational experiences in a new way, contributing significantly to education.
Gamification as a Teaching Resource for English-Medium Instruction and Multilingual Education at University
Authors: Perez Maria Del Mar Sanchez , Masegosa Alicia Galera
Published: November 2021

Gamification has emerged in recent years as a resource that incorporates game-related elements and mechanics into the classroom to foster students' motivation, engagement, and further competences. With the proliferation of English-medium instruction (EMI) and multilingual degree programs at university nowadays, new and innovative teaching tools are desirable to help students cope with the double-challenging task of acquiring new and complex disciplinary content through a foreign language. This chapter provides an overview of some recent computer-based gamification tools that may be applied in EMI and multilingual university settings. More specifically, the main features and advantages of these tools for these specific educational contexts are explored. This chapter may be useful for researchers and practitioners in the field of EMI and multilingual teaching in higher education.
Lessons Learned About Gamification in Software Engineering Education
Authors: Marín Beatriz
Published: November 2021

Software engineering courses traditionally mix theoretical aspects with practical ones that are later used in the development of projects. Teaching software engineering courses is not easy because in many cases the students lack motivation to exercise the topics prior to project development. This chapter presents the application of gamification on some topics of a software engineering course to engage students and increase their motivation. The authors argue that with the proper motivation, the students can better exercise the topics and obtain stronger knowledge. The authors have created five games to help in the learning process of the software engineering course. The games are related to risk management, BPMN modeling, Scrum process, design and inspection of class diagrams, and COSMIC functional size measurement. Gamification has been applied during four years in the software engineering course, resulting in an improved learning experience for the students. Finally, lessons learned are presented and discussed.
Minority Experiences and Use of Games in Education Around the World
Authors: Misra Rupanada , Eyombo Leo , Phillips Floyd T.
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an overview of minority experience and the development of gaming technology all over the world. The use of gaming for education and entertainment is not limited to the United States, but globally gaming and education is viewed positively. This positive altitude needs to be explored to develop new educative and engaging strategies for minorities. In this chapter, the authors explore the use of gaming technology in other countries of the world. The countries are Canada, Spain, the Philippines, Norway, Korea, China, and South Africa.