bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
III-V Lattice-Mismatched and III-V-N Materials for Super High Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Ikeda Kazuma , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Bouzazi Boussairi , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio
Published: March 2014

We review recent progresses on in-situ observation of lattice relaxation of III-V lattice-mismatched system and analyses of defect properties in III-V-N solar cell materials. We found that there were five phases during the InGaAs growth on GaAs substrate. The transition point of the dominant dislocation behavior could be determined precisely. We also found that compositionally step-graded InGaAs/GaAs(001) buffers with overshooting (OS) layers were effective to control the strain of the top layer from tensile to compression. To understand the defect properties that dominate the electrical property of CBE-grown GaAsN films, we characterized deep levels in CBE-grown GaAsN films by DLTS. In this characterization, a well-known electron trap E1 (Ec-0.33eV) center in n-GaAsN and p-GaAsN was confirmed to be non-radiative recombination center by using double-carrier pulse DLTS.
A comparison of the effects of propofol and thiopental on tear production in dogs
Authors: Pontes Kelly Cristine de Sousa , Borges Andrea Pacheco Batista , Eleotério Renato Barros , Ferreira Priscila Soares , Duarte Tatiana Schmitz
Published: March 2014

The tear film plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the ocular suface. During general anesthesia, tear production is considerably reduced, which requires care to prevent adverse effects that result in diseases of these structures. Studies comparing the effects of induction of anaesthesia with thiopental and propofol on tear production have not been carried out yet. Because these drugs are used in veterinary medicine, we decided to evaluate the tear production in 30 dogs undergoing experimental surgery as well as routine procedures at the veterinary hospital of Federal University of Viçosa. Patients were divided into two groups of equal number. All animals were sedated with clorpromazine and maintained with isoflurane in diluted oxygen. Group 1 was induced with thiopental whereas group 2 with propofol. Schirmer tear test 1 was performed before sedation (T0), 15 minutes after sedation (T1) and 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia (T2) with the drug chosen for one of the groups. There was a significant decrease in tear production for both drugs, but no significant statistical differences were found between them. Thus, considering the results and the way in which the study was conducted, we suggest protecting the cornea and conjunctiva of patients during anesthesia using any of the drugs here evaluated.
Structural vehicle impact loading
Authors: Stojic Dragoslav , Conic Stefan
Published: March 2014

In contemporary design, vehicle impact into the structures is paid great
attention since they can be dominant, depending on the type of structure. The
key issue in the vehicle impact analysis is the proper determination of
intensity and way of action of dynamic forces on the structural element and
its behavior after the imparted load. The Eurocodes, in the annexes provide
recommendations for determination of force intensity depending on mass and
velocity of the colliding vehicle. Equivalent static loads causing
approximate effects on the structural elements are used as quite approximate
and efficient methods. The paper comprises the analysis of deformation of
columns having the same characteristics, exposed to impact loads via the
equivalent static loads, depending on the stress state in columns, and a
comparative analysis has been done.
The problem of temporal validity of reference coordinates in the context of reliability of the ETRS89 system realization in Poland
Authors: Szafranek K.
Published: March 2014

The IAG (International Association of Geodesy) Sub-Commission for the European reference
frame (EUREF) passed a resolution recommending application of the ETRF2000 frame as
national realizations of the ETRS89 reference system during the XXth EUREF Symposium in
Gävle (Sweden) in 2010. The PL-ETRF2000 system is comprised of EPN (EUREF
Permanent Network) sites. Their coordinates and their temporal changes (velocities) were
accurately determined on the basis of long-term GNSS observations. The transfer of the PLETRF2000
system onto the territory of Poland is realized by the ASG-EUPOS (Active
Geodetic Network – European Position Determination System) permanent sites network. The
ASG-EUPOS tasks include also system maintenance by continuous or periodical control of
the coordinates and velocities constancy.

According to the current Regulation of the Ministry of Administration and Digitization
concerning geodesic, gravimetric and magnetic warps, the accuracy of sites of the
fundamental warp (EPN sites belonging to ASG-EUPOS) may not be worse than 0.01 m for
horizontal position and 0.02 m for geodesic height. It results in the necessity to monitor the
performance of the reference sites for proper maintenance of the reference system.

A new team for modeling deformations in Europe was established within the EUREF
Working Group (The EUREF Working Group on Deformation Models) during the EUREF
2012 Symposium in Paris. One of its tasks is taking geo-kinematic models into consideration
for national realizations of the ETRS89 and maximum usage of knowledge concerning the
velocity field.

The paper deals with the problem of temporal validity of the catalogue coordinates and
the necessity of periodical updating them on the basis of velocities derived from long-term
observations. Although Poland is located in a tectonically calm area and the intraplate
velocities are small, some of the EPN and ASG-EUPOS sites have significant velocities and
are subject to vertical movements. Lack of periodical updating of the coordinates realizing the
reference system will cause lack of fulfillment of the assumed accuracy criterion.

Analysis of horizontal and vertical velocities of sites belonging to the fundamental
warp lead to assumption that two sites will exceed horizontal criterion in a period of time
shorter than 10 years counting from the reference epoch (i.e. from 2011.0): KATO horizontal
coordinates should be updated in 2014 and GWWL in 2021. Mores sites will exceed vertical criterion: BOGI (2021), GWWL (2015), KATO (2019), SWKI (2019) and ZYWI (2021). The
vertical component updating will require of course changes of the horizontal component
(coordinates are determined in the Cartesian orthogonal XYZ coordinate system and then
recalculated for the ellipsoidal coordinates). Besides periodical coordinates updating it is
recommended to conduct repeated processing for the entire network according to the EUREF
standards for taking the current GNSS observations into consideration.
An analysis of effective thermal conductivity of heterogeneous materials
Authors: Zhu Guocheng , Kremenakova Dana , Wang Yan , Militky Jiri , Mazari Funda Buyuk
Published: March 2014

Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) is a very important index for evaluating the thermal property of heterogeneous
materials, which include more than two different kinds of materials. Several analytical models were proposed for
predicting the ETC of heterogeneous materials, but in some cases, these models cannot provide very accurate
predictions. In this work, several analytical models and numerical simulations were studied in order to investigate
the differences among them. In addition, some factors which would influence the ETC of heterogeneous materials
were investigated by numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that the numerical simulation can provide
very accurate prediction, indicated that different analytical models should be selected to predict specific problems
based on their assumptions, and suggested that more variables need to be considered in order to improve these
analytical models, such as inclusion shape, inclusion size, distribution of inclusions and contact area. Besides,
numerical method could be an effective and reliable way to obtain the ETC of heterogeneous materials with any
kind of complicated structures.
Surface modification of carbon fibres using plasma technique
Authors: Käppler Iris , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri
Published: March 2014

For the development of a new generation non-crimp fabrics (NCF) made of carbon fibres, a feasibility study of
different characterisation methods and surface treatments of the used carbon fibres needs to be performed. In
order to join the carbon fibre layers with the binder for realising this new type of NCF, the surface topography and
functionality of the fibres have to be analysed first. The wettability of the binder to the carbon fibre surface is of prime
significance and needs to be enhanced. Here, the enhancement is carried out by improving the surface energy
using atmospheric plasma of compressed air, argon and nitrogen. It is also proposed to improve the surface energy
through chemical techniques.
West Germany's Cold War Radio: A Crucible of the Transatlantic Century
Authors: Komska Yuliya
Published: March 2014

“Mr. Radio (der Radio) is man’s greatest achievement,” a young Bavarian

named Maxl announced in the op-ed column of Der Rundfunkhörer, a journal

of the state’s listener advocacy association, in April 1954.1 His initial

enthusiasm, the letter made obvious, fizzled out fast. Elsewhere, Mr. Radio

may well have been a paragon of mobile greatness, road-ready thanks to

cars and portable following the introduction of transistors in 1953.2 Yet, his

country’s Mr. Radio, Maxl regretfully remarked, was deeply flawed, and

this circumstance had nothing to do with the advances of this “gentleman’s”

televisual competitor, which would need as many as six more years to reach

a quarter of all households.3 Rather, a slew of intrinsic shortcomings

plagued the imaginary character’s transmission, programming, and reception

in Maxl’s family residence—the home of the West German everyman.

The purposefully naïve wording of the boy’s letter, possibly penned by the

editor and association’s president Hans Gebhard, whose own frequent contributions

were nearly identical in tenor and substance, barely veiled a long

list of tongue-in-cheek complaints. The latter showed just how vulnerable

radio, this “hegemon of domestic leisure,” was during the first full decade of

the Cold War—the seminal overture to this special issue’s chronology.4
High-resolution ultrasonography and diffusion tensor tractography map normal nerve fascicles in relation to schwannoma tissue prior to resection
Authors: Simon Neil G. , Cage Tene , Narvid Jared , Noss Roger , Chin Cynthia , Kliot Michel
Published: March 2014

The goals of the present study were to demonstrate the ability of high-resolution ultrasonography to delineate normal nerve fascicles within or around peripheral nerve sheath tumors (NSTs). A blinded examiner evaluated 2 patients with symptomatic upper limb NSTs with high-resolution ultrasonography performed in the perioperative suite using a portable ultrasonography system. Ultrasonographic examinations located the tumor mass and identified the normal nerve fascicles associated with the mass. The locations of normal nerve tissue were mapped and correlated with results of MR tractography, operative inspection, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. The study demonstrated a close correlation between normal nerve fascicles identified by ultrasonography, MR tractography, and intraoperative electrophysiological mapping. In particular, ultrasonographic examinations accurately identified the surface regions of the tumor without overlying normal nerve tissue. These preliminary data suggest that preoperative ultrasonographic examinations may provide valuable information, supplementary to the information obtained from intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. Identification of normal nerve tissue prior to surgery may provide additional information regarding the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury during percutaneous tumor biopsy or open resection of the tumor and may also aid in selecting the optimum surgical approach.
Risk of radiation-induced malignancies from CT scanning in children who underwent shunt treatment before 6 years of age: a retrospective cohort study with a minimum 10-year follow-up
Authors: White Ian K. , Shaikh Kashif A. , Moore Reilin J. , Bullis Carli L. , Sami Mairaj T. , Gianaris Thomas J. , Fulkerson Daniel H.
Published: March 2014

Object

A number of mathematical models predict the risk of future cancer from the ionizing radiation exposure of CT scanning. The predictions are alarming. Some models predict 29,000 future cancers and 14,500 deaths in the US will be directly caused by 1 year's worth of CT scanning. However, there are very few clinical data to justify or refute these claims. Young children are theoretically highly susceptible to the damaging effects of radiation. In this study, the authors examined children who underwent CSF shunt placement before 6 years of age. The authors chose to study shunt-treated patients with the assumption that these patients would undergo future imaging, facilitating surveillance. They chose a study period of 1991–2001 to allow more than 10 years of follow-up data.

Methods

The authors studied 104 consecutive children who underwent CSF shunt placement prior to 6 years of age and who had at least 10 years of follow-up data. Sixty-two of these patients underwent shunt placement prior to 1 year of age. The age at the initial scanning session, the number of future CT scanning sessions, diagnosis, and results of any future studies were recorded. The age-specific radiation dose was calculated for children younger than 1 year. Children younger than 1 year at the time of shunt placement were evaluated separately, based on the assumption that they represented the highest risk cohort. The authors examined all data for any evidence of future leukemia or head/neck tumor (benign or malignant).

Results

These children underwent a total of 1584 CT scanning sessions over a follow-up period of 1622 person-years. A total of 517 scanning sessions were performed prior to 6 years of age, including 260 in the 1st year of life. Children who underwent shunt placement before 1 year of age underwent an average of 16.3 ± 13.5 CT sessions (range 1–41). Children undergoing placement between 1 and 6 years of age received an average of 14.1 ± 12.5 CT studies (range 5–52). There were no subsequent tumors (benign or malignant) or leukemia detected.

Conclusions

Previously published models predict a significant number of future cancers directly caused by CT scanning. However, there are very few published clinical data. In the authors' study, zero future radiation-induced malignancies were detected after routine CT scanning in a high-risk group. While the authors do not consider their single-institution study adequate to define the actual risk, their data suggest that the overall risk is low. The authors hope this study encourages future collaborative efforts to define the actual risk to patients.
Differences in Public Perceptions of Geothermal Energy Technology in Australia
Authors: Carr-Cornish Simone , Romanach Lygia
Published: March 2014

In Australia, geothermal energy technology is still considered an emerging technology for energy generation. Like other emerging energy technologies, how the public perceive the technology and under what conditions they are likely to accept or oppose the technology, remains relatively unknown. In response, this exploratory research utilised online focus groups to identify: (1) the extent of agreement with geothermal technology before and after information, including media reports focusing on a range of the technology’s attributes; and (2) how the characteristics of individuals with different levels of agreement vary. After information, within the sample of 101 participants, fewer reported being unsure, the minority disagreed and the majority agreed. Overall, the preference was for projects to be located away from communities. Participants that disagreed or were unsure, were more likely to report lower subjective knowledge of the technology, lower perceived benefits and higher risks, and were less likely to believe people in their community would have the opportunity to participate in consultation. These characteristics suggest there are advances to be made by analyzing what contributes to different levels of acceptance. The findings also suggest that the location of projects will be an important consideration and that the conditions of acceptance are likely to vary amongst community members.
Infrared Sensor-Based Temperature Control for Domestic Induction Cooktops
Authors: Lasobras Javier , Alonso Rafael , Carretero Claudio , Carretero Enrique , Imaz Eduardo
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a precise real-time temperature control system based on infrared (IR) thermometry for domestic induction cooking is presented. The temperature in the vessel constitutes the control variable of the closed-loop power control system implemented in a commercial induction cooker. A proportional-integral controller is applied to establish the output power level in order to reach the target temperature. An optical system and a signal conditioning circuit have been implemented. For the signal processing a microprocessor with 12-bit ADC and a sampling rate of 1 Ksps has been used. The analysis of the contributions to the infrared radiation permits the definition of a procedure to estimate the temperature of the vessel with a maximum temperature error of 5 °C in the range between 60 and 250 °C for a known cookware emissivity. A simple and necessary calibration procedure with a black-body sample is presented.
Tourist Visitation to Ebenezer Aboriginal Mission Station, Victoria, Australia, 1859–1904: A Case Study
Authors: Clark Ian D. , McRae-Williams Eva
Published: March 2014

This article investigates the phenomenon of tourist visitation to an Aboriginal Mission Station in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, during its operation from 1859 to 1904. It provides an overview of the history of tourism to Aboriginal missions in Victoria and presents the
first detailed study of tourism to the Ebenezer Mission site. It shows that in contrast with other mission stations in Victoria, where tourism was encouraged, the Moravian missionaries discouraged visitation and deliberately selected a remote location in northwest Victoria to ensure their
isolation. Nevertheless, a limited number of visitors were welcomed on to the station and their accounts are presented in this case study.
La terreur de la dépendance comme expérience fondatrice du maternel
Authors: Prat Régine
Published: March 2014

La thèse proposée concerne l’expérience de la naissance vue du côté des parents : la confrontation à l’extrême dépendance du bébé représente un traumatisme faisant voler en éclat l’identité précédemment construite. Cela constitue le soubassement de tout ce qui est décrit comme troubles du post-partum, du baby blues banal aux troubles majeurs des psychoses puerpérales. L’accès à la parentalité suppose donc une modification profonde du psychisme permettant une élaboration de ce traumatisme et une intégration des éléments fondamentalement contradictoires de cette expérience singulière.
La mère par-delà l'enfant
Authors: Fabre Nicole
Published: March 2014

Le titre général qui a été retenu comporte un point d’interrogation. C’est ce point d’interrogation autour de l’être-mère que développe l’article. Quand et comment l’enfant créerait-t-il la mère ? La mère d’aujourd’hui n’a-t-elle pas préparé son être mère dans ses rêves de petite fille ? Que devient l’être-mère imaginaire quand il n’y a pas procréation ? Les hommes échappent-ils au rêve d’être mère, et, dès lors, à son vécu ? Qu’en est-il du psychanalyste qui, par sa capacité de rêver auprès de son patient, vit une expérience proche de celle de la mère rêvant autour et auprès de son enfant ?
Et la maternité créa la mère
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: March 2014

C’est la lecture d’une lettre que Freud écrivit à Stefan Zweig en 1932 qui me mena à découvrir une autre façon d’être mère que j’appelle : Mère majuscule. Il s’agit d’une production de l’inconscient qui trouve sa source dans les relations précoces de la petite fille avec sa mère. Cela se traduit dans la vie quotidienne par un état mélancoliforme que fait surgir la prise de conscience d’un écart entre la représentation de l’enfant de chair, l’enfant réel et celle de l’enfant fantasmé depuis la prime enfance. Une intrication anatomo-psychique caractéristique de la féminité telle qu’abordée par Freud dans les années 30.
En deçà des mots
Authors: Weber Anne-Elisabeth
Published: March 2014

À partir du livre de Jeanne Benameur, Les demeurées , l’auteure s’essaie à rendre compte de sa rencontre inaugurale avec ce texte, et ce que lui suggère sa lecture en « roue libre » maintes fois reprise. Luce et sa mère forment un bloc d’amour, invincible. L’école menace cette fusion en voulant arracher l’enfant à son ignorance. Nous accompagnons Luce et sa mère. Le livre est construit de façon telle, que l’auteure s’identifie facilement à l’enfant, d’autant plus qu’elle participera à une expérience de mise en jeu interactive du livre lors d’une installation - spectacle. Elle en tirera un questionnement autour du corps qui lit, corps charnel pris dans le corps vécu, lieu de la parole singulière .
L'observation clinique : un outil d'analyse anthropologique
Authors: Hoffet-Gachelin Marie-Ève
Published: March 2014

En enseignant la psychologie clinique d’inspiration psychanalytique au Vietnam, on se trouve confronté aux différences de représentation de la place d’un enfant dans une famille qui conditionnent les explications données à la souffrance des enfants. Pour cerner ces différences j’ai comparé les modes de maternage en France et au Vietnam, en utilisant l’observation de bébé d’Esther Bick qui permet d’avoir accès aux réactions des bébés à ces pratiques. La question de la séparation/individuation se révèle être le paradigme de ces différences. Au Vietnam la mère a pour tâche d’inscrire l’enfant dans la lignée ; en France elle veut le rendre autonome pour qu’il construise son propre bonheur. On perçoit le lien entre la demande des femmes à leur enfant et leur propre place dans la société où elle se trouve. Le développement de la vie psychique du tout-petit apparaît différent d’une culture à une autre si l’on complète une lecture d’inspiration psychanalytique par une lecture anthropologique.
La construction de l'alliance thérapeutique en consultation transculturelle : le cas d'une famille tamoule
Authors: Cohen Hanna , Letienne Solène , Taïeb Olivier , Simon Amalini , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2014

En psychiatrie transculturelle nous rencontrons des familles migrantes en souffrance psychique, pour lesquelles l’exil, les événements de vie douloureux et les difficultés liées à l’acculturation ont ébranlé les logiques culturelles. Dans ce contexte, la migration peut entraver le processus de parentalité. L’apport d’un cadre contenant et la reconnaissance symbolique des représentations des patients contribue à la construction d’une alliance thérapeutique. À partir de recherches dans ce domaine, et d’une expérience clinique transculturelle auprès d’une famille tamoule, ce travail montre l’intérêt de la mise en place progressive d’une alliance avec les membres de la famille pour accéder à leurs histoires singulières et culturelles. L’objectif est de tisser, ensemble, des liens entre les aspects culturels et individuels. Cette co-construction permettant ainsi de mobiliser la famille dans une continuité de soins et de les sensibiliser à leurs potentialités de changements.
Le conte de Tam et Cam ou « La Cendrillon vietnamienne »
Authors: Moïse-Durand Brigitte
Published: March 2014

Conte de tradition orale, « Tam et Cam » permet une transmission intergénérationnelle (entre femmes) des rites de passage et une élaboration psychique des moments critiques comme la naissance, le passage de l’enfance à l’âge adulte, la relation entre le désir et son accomplissement et les questions sur la sexualité. Les particularismes anthropologiques de la femme vietnamienne, symbolisée par le petit pied de l’héroïne, femme écrasée par le confucianisme, consolée par le bouddhisme et chantée par le taoïsme se retrouvent surtout dans la deuxième partie du conte, la première correspondant au conte de Cendrillon que l’Occident connaît bien. Du point de vue psychanalytique, le conte Tam et Cam permet par ailleurs, une approche de la sexualité de la femme vietnamienne, dans une certaine universalité : bissexualité psychique, monisme phallique prégénital et Œdipe au féminin. Mais plus que la rivalité fraternelle de la Cendrillon occidentale, Tam et Cam nous introduit dans ce premier lien de la fille à sa mère et parle de l’inceste mère-fille, et nous fait découvrir l’extrême importance de la phase « préœdipienne » déjà évoquée par Freud en 1931.
Une lecture anthropologique du conte de Cendrillon dans ses versions vietnamienne et française
Authors: Van Tuan Cao , Gillon† Janine , Hoffet-Gachelin Marie-Ève
Published: March 2014

Le conte de Cendrillon et de Tam et Cam ont des similitudes, mais aussi des différences profondes. Trois différences sont essentielle : le roi choisit d’épouser Tam à la seule vue de son soulier et sans la connaître. L’histoire ne se termine pas avec le mariage de l’héroïne car la persécution par la belle-mère continue. Tam, redevenue reine, va punir ses persécutrices. Il s’agit donc de l’histoire d’un destin que nous avons vue comme l’initiation douloureuse d’une jeune fille à sa vie adulte.
Fabrication de nouveaux modèles identificatoires : un des effets de l'assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP)
Authors: Laufer Dominique , Mauron Véronique
Published: March 2014

Les biotechnologies liées à l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) mettent en lumière des enjeux anthropologiques insoupçonnés qui dépassent les champs biologique et médical. L’analyse du discours des personnes ayant recours aux techniques de l’AMP révèle la création d’objets nouveaux, parmi lesquels l’embryon cryoconservé tient une place formidable. La définition de cet objet, ses facultés, les liens qu’il engendre sont discutés. Le besoin d’une identification à un modèle de filiation connu amène les couples à comparer avec l’adoption, liée comme l’AMP à la double problématique de l’abandon et de la récupération. Lorsque, en parallèle au traitement, les couples entreprennent les démarches en vue d’une adoption, la conception de l’enfant né par AMP est comme marquée de l’empreinte de l’adoption projetée. Le modèle de l’adoption s’avère insuffisant et un modèle de filiation reconfiguré est créé : un nouvel arbre généalogique, constitué des différents tiers intervenant en AMP.
Considering Chronos and Kairos in Digital Media Rhetorics
Authors: Kelly Ashley Rose , Autry Meagan Kittle , Mehlenbacher Brad
Published: March 2014

Any account of the rhetoric of digital spaces should begin not with the provocation that rhetoric is impoverished and requires fresh import to account for new media technologies, but instead with a careful analysis of what is different about how digital technologies afford or constrain certain utterances, interactions, and actions. Only then might one begin to articulate prospects of a digital rhetoric. This chapter examines the importance of time to an understanding the rhetoric of digital spaces. It suggests that rhetorical notions of kairos and chronos provide an important reminder that it is the rhetorical situation, along with rhetorical actors at individual to institutional levels, that construct the discursive spaces within which people participate, even in digitally-mediated environments.
Embodied Digital Rhetoric
Authors: de la Peña Nonny
Published: March 2014

A new embodied digital rhetoric emerges when using nonfiction narratives built in fully immersive virtual reality systems that take advantage of the plasticity of our sensations of presence. The feeling of “being-in-the-world” as described by phenomenologists, including philosophy of mind, film, and virtual reality theorists, is part of the adaptability that humans show in their relationship to technological tools. Andy Clark's “soft selves” and our “plastic presence” merge as the high resolution graphics of the latest virtual reality goggles and robust audio captured at real events tricks our minds into having an embodied connection with the stories portrayed in these new spaces. By putting people into news or documentary pieces on scene as themselves, opportunities for persuasive and effective rhetoric arise. This chapter cites theory, psychology and virtual reality research as well as the author's specific case studies to detail the potential for this new embodied digital rhetoric that allows us to pass through the screen and become present as witnesses to a nonfiction story.
The role of leadership in shaping organisational climate: An example from the fast moving consumer goods industry
Authors: Eustace Angela , Martins Nico
Published: March 2014

Orientation: The 21st century has presented challenges and opportunities to organisations. Although South Africa is the most competitive economy in sub-Saharan Africa, the country needs to focus on these opportunities to improve competitiveness. Although there is research on leadership and organisational climate, a debate continues about the contribution of organisational climate and the role of leadership to creating the desired organisational climate.Research purpose: The aim was to explore the relationship between leadership and organisational climate in a South African fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) organisation.Motivation for the study: Few studies focus on leadership and organisational climate in South Africa. This study builds on the knowledge that exists. An understanding of the effect of leadership on organisational climate in South Africa allows for customised solutions to the problems of leadership, organisational climate and business performance.Research design, approach and method: Using a descriptive, cross-sectional field survey approach, 896 participants (all of whom worked in one organisation) participated in the survey.Main findings: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) multivariate analyses revealed a new set of organisational dimensions, confirmed the relationship between leadership and organisational climate as well as the relationship between organisational climate and its various dimensions.Practical/managerial implications: The findings emphasised the importance of certain generic and specific leadership practices for creating the desired organisational climate in South Africa and in the FMCG environment.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the relationship between leadership and organisational climate in South Africa.
The historic lime-kiln quarry at Green Head in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Miller Randall , Buhay Diane
Published: March 2014

Lime, or quicklime, is produced from carbonate sedimentary rocks like limestone. Lime is then used for a variety of purposes in building construction, agriculture, medicine, steel and paper-making. By the 19th century, manufacture of lime for mortar and plaster was a significant part of the economy in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Amongst the many quarries and kilns, the Green Head operation was among the industry leaders. The Green Head quarry was probably used in the early 1700s or earlier. However, for many of its busiest years during the 1800s Joseph and Frank Armstrong operated the quarry. The Armstrong quarry was well known throughout the Maritimes and New England as a producer of a high quality product. Joseph Armstrong was referred to in contemporary newspaper stories as a pioneer in the New Brunswick lime industry. The Armstrong quarry ceased production in the early 20th century and the site on Green Head Island now preserves the last and perhaps best example of this once thriving industry.
Explicit planktic calcifiers in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model
Authors: Kvale K. F. , Meissner K. J. , Keller D. P. , Eby M. , Schmittner A.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Marine calcifiers as a plankton functional type (PFT) are a crucial part of the global carbon cycle, being responsible for much of the carbon export to the deep ocean entering via biological pathways. Deep ocean carbon export through calcifiers is controlled by physiological, ecological and biogeochemical factors. This paper describes the implementation of a phytoplankton coccolithophore PFT in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM), and improvements to the representation of zooplankton calcification and carbon export therein. The described modifications improve model performance with respect to carbon and nutrient fluxes. Primary production, export production, particulate organic carbon and calcite fluxes all fall within independent estimates.
A Simple Strategy in Avulsion Flap Injury: Prediction of Flap Viability Using Wood's Lamp Illumination and Resurfacing with a Full-thickness Skin Graft
Authors: Lim Hyoseob , Han Dae Hee , Lee Il Jae , Park Myong Chul
Published: March 2014

Background
Extensive degloving injuries of the extremities usually result in necrosis of the flap, necessitating comprehensive skin grafting. Provided there is a sufficient tool to evaluate flap viability, full-thickness skin can be used from a nonviable avulsed flap. We used a Wood's lamp to determine the viability of avulsed flaps in the operation field after intravenous injection of fluorescein dye.

Methods
We experienced 13 cases during 16 months. Fifteen minutes after the intravenous injection of fluorescein dye, the avulsed skin flaps were examined and non-fluorescent areas were marked under Wood's lamp illumination. The marked area was defatted for full-thickness skin grafting. The fluorescent areas were sutured directly without tension. The non-fluorescent areas were covered by defatted skin. Several days later, there was soft tissue necrosis within the flap area. We measured necrotic area and revised the flap.

Results
Among all the cases, necrotic area was 21.3% of the total avulsed area. However, if we exclude three cases, one of a carelessly managed patient and two cases of the flaps were inappropriately applied, good results were obtained, with a necrotic area of only 8.4%. Eight patients needed split-thickness skin grafts, and heel pad reconstruction was performed with free flap.

Conclusions
A full-thickness skin graft from an avulsed flap is a good method for addressing aesthetic concerns without producing donor site morbidity. Fluorescein dye is a useful, simple, and cost-effective tool for evaluating flap viability. Avulsed flap injuries can be managed well with Wood's lamp illumination and a full-thickness skin graft.
Analysis of the Development of the Nasal Septum and Measurement of the Harvestable Septal Cartilage in Koreans Using Three-Dimensional Facial Bone Computed Tomography Scanning
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Jung Dong Ju , Kim Hyo Seong , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Tae Yeon
Published: March 2014

Background
The septal cartilage is the most useful donor site for autologous cartilage graft material in rhinoplasty. For successful nasal surgery, it is necessary to understand the developmental process of the nasal septum and to predict the amount of harvestable septal cartilage before surgery.

Methods
One hundred twenty-three Korean patients who underwent three-dimensional (3D) facial bone computed tomography (CT) were selected for evaluation of the midsagittal view of the nasal septum. Multiple parameters such as the area of each component of the nasal septum and the amount of harvestable septal cartilage were measured using Digimizer software.

Results
The area of the total nasal septum showed rapid growth until the teenage years, but thereafter no significant change throughout the lifetime. However, the development of the septal cartilage showed a gradual decline due to ossification changes with aging after puberty in spite of a lack of change in the total septal area. The area of harvestable septal cartilage in young adults was 549.84±151.26 mm2 and decreased thereafter with age.

Conclusions
A 3D facial bone CT scan can provide valuable information on the septal cartilage graft before rhinoplasty. Considering the developmental process of the septal cartilage identified in this study, septal surgery should not be performed until puberty due to the risk of nasal growth impairment. Furthermore, in elderly patients who show a decreased cartilage area due to ossification changes, septal cartilage harvesting should be performed carefully due to the risk of saddle nose deformity.
What do local fishermen from the mid Solimões river think about the giant river otter?
Authors: Lasmar Rafael Pereira , Lima Danielle Dos Santos , Marmontel Miriam
Published: March 2014

The giant river otter is a mustelid that uses different habitats in tropical forests and flooded areas of South America. In the past the species suffered heavy hunting pressure, due to the commercial value of its pelt, and nowadays is considered threatened by anthropogenic factors, such as negative interaction with fishing activities. The objective of this work was to analyze the perception of local fishermen in the town of Tefé, Amazonas (Brazil), generating information on possible threats to the species in the area. Fishermen point to the species as a competitor for food and responsible for damages to fishing gear, which causes a negative perception among humans towards the animal. An investigation of this relationship was conducted in Tefé, mid-Solimões river, where one-hundred fishermen were interviewed. Thirty-one percent (n = 31) of the interviewees declared giant river otters damage fishing nets and cause fish schools to flee. Among those who witnessed or had second-hand information on behaviors characteristic of the species, 22% (n = 22) interpreted them as offspring or territorial defense, or an attempt at attack. In the past, 23% (n = 23) of the interviewees practiced hunting activities, aiming the pelt trade and, secondarily, as an item of house decoration, or basic material to build a musical instrument. Information generated may contribute to the elaboration of an environmental education policy, aiming at avoiding future impacts to the giant otters due to lack of information, or misinformation by the local human population.
Determinação de chumbo em tinturas e efluente do salão de beleza
Authors: Schiavon Andressa , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: March 2014

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a existência de chumbo na composição do efluente resultante do procedimento de tintura de cabelos, um dos mais frequentes nos centros de embelezamento. A coleta foi realizada em salão de beleza, localizado no município de Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul. O método escolhido para análise de chumbo foi o de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica-EAA, indicado para efluentes com baixas concentrações de metais (APHA). Tinturas de marcas diferentes também foram analisadas pelo mesmo método. O preparo das amostras foi feito por digestão ácida utilizando HClO4 e HNO3. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a presença de chumbo com um máximo de 0,08 ± 0,01 mg L-1. Nas tinturas foram encontrados valores entre 3,1± 0,12 e 6,0 ± 0,5mg kg-1.
Estresse oxidativo induzido por petróleo no ratinho-das-dunas: Calomys laucha (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Silva Júnior Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da , Almeida Krissia Aparecida de , Silva Patrick Ferreira , Colares Elton Pinto , Baisch Ana Luíza Muccillo
Published: March 2014

Calomys laucha é um pequeno roedor encontrado na América do Sul, em pastagens, áreas agrícolas, margem de estradas e campos de cultivo de cereais. No Brasil, a área de ocorrência do animal está concentrada em dunas costeiras do litoral gaúcho, onde se alimenta e constrói ninhos para reprodução, estando suscetível aos efeitos de atividades antrópicas na região costeira e marinha. O presente estudo teve por objetivo utilizar biomarcadores de dano oxidativo para investigar os efeitos do derrame simulado de petróleo em C. laucha. Os animais (n= 6 por tratamento) foram expostos a cinco diferentes concentrações de petróleo em substrato artificial: 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 % (v/v). Aproximadamente 1 kg de substrato foi colocado no fundo das gaiolas e os animais machos foram expostos durante 14 dias, com acesso livre a água e ração comercial para roedores. Após esse período, foram recolhidos testículos, fígado e células sanguíneas (linfócitos) para investigação de dano oxidativo em lipídios e proteínas e da capacidade antioxidante contra radical peroxil (ACAP). Os animais expostos ao petróleo demonstraram aumento da peroxidação lipídica nos três homogeneizados analisados, mas as respostas de carbonilação de proteínas e a ACAP foram tecido-dependentes. Estes padrões de resposta distintos sugerem diferenças na distribuição do contaminante no organismo e/ou na capacidade do tecido-alvo em responder a presença dos agentes tóxicos e podem ser úteis para a compreensão dos mecanismos de toxicidade do petróleo em mamíferos silvestres. Por fim, o C. laucha demonstra ser um bom modelo biológico para prever impactos na interface zona costeira/ambiente marinho.
Avaliação microbiológica do lodo de esgoto tratado
Authors: Böhm Giani Mariza Bärwald , Ribeiro Lilian Medeiros , Delazeri Léa Schneider , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: March 2014

O lodo é o resíduo do tratamento de esgoto, rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes indispensáveis ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Uma opção ambientalmente sustentável para a disposição final do lodo de esgoto é seu uso como fertilizante e condicionador de solo na agricultura e em atividades florestais. Neste contexto, desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de caracterizar o lodo de esgoto do Reator Anaeróbio de Leito Fluidizado (RALF) da estação de Tratamento de Pelotas, para analisar seu potencial para utilização na agricultura. As amostras foram coletadas em maio de 2010, em três pontos distintos no RALF. Realizou-se a análise físico-química do lodo, análise da atividade microbiana e a análise dos metais pesados. Verificou-se que a composição química do lodo quanto aos teores de N, P, K e pH são distintos entre os diferentes pontos de coleta. O lodo proveniente do leito de secagem apresentou teores de nitrogênio bem elevados, evidenciando potencial para a agricultura, bem como a maior atividade microbiana. Os teores de metais pesados foram mais elevados na parte superior do reator; porém estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pelo CONAMA, podendo ser utilizado para cultivos agrícolas.
Reuso do lodo proveniente de um retor anaeróbio de leito fluidizado na cultura do girassol
Authors: Böhm Giani Mariza Bärwald , Oliveira Thuane Lichtnow de , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: March 2014

Desenvolveu-se esse trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de biossólido da estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) de Pelotas, sobre atributos microbianos do solo e produção de matéria seca. Nesse contexto foi implantado um experimento em vasos cultivando-se girassol em Argissolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico utilizando-se tratamentos sem adição de lodo, com três diferentes dosagens de lodo ou com adubação mineral, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No estudo, foram avaliados os teores de carbono orgânico total, o carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal no solo e quantificada a matéria seca de planta. As maiores doses de lodo resultaram em maiores teores de carbono orgânico total e carbono da biomassa microbiana. A atividade microbiana foi crescente no período estudado, sendo mais elevada nos tratamentos com lodo, proporcional às dosagens aplicadas. Os tratamentos com aplicação de lodo também resultaram em maior quantidade de matéria seca.
Toxicicity of aliment fished at Itapissuma’s Beach and it’s biological risks
Authors: Silva Paloma De Andrade , Arruda Guilherme Matheus Pessoa de , Pereira Danillo Guilherme Rangel , Silva Eliziane Costa da , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos , Sousa Giane Maria Guedes de
Published: March 2014

In the last few years, the importance of studies about aliments and it’s capacity to interfere with human and ambient health has increased, creating links between biology and modern society. Men will adequate their food, submitting it to different ways of prepare and acquiring through the centuries according to their social parameters. Strongly attached to aliment availability are, also, the eating habits – long length tendency acquired by the frequent repetition of an act or usage (BOURGUERS, 1998). These habits are directly linked to instruction, culture and the income of a people. This work had the objective of making the fishermen from the North area of Pernambuco aware of the importance of the preservation of sea nature and to guide the population about the hygiene methods that involve the processing of the fish. Fishermen from Itapissuma’s beach were interviewed in the community where fishing is the main source of income and aliment for the local population. The lack of income was established as a limiting factor and that reflects the poor quality of service and survival in the area. The lack of knowledge or use of the knowledge about how to make a good fishing and storage the fish, along with the lack of control of entry and exit of the animals are the factors found by the team on that population.
Variação espaço-temporal de cianobactérias na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ipojuca (UP-03)
Authors: Marques Érika Alves Tavares
Published: March 2014

A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Ipojuca vem sofrendo enormes alterações nos últimos anos em seu estuário, em decorrência da instalação do Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape e, mais recentemente, da Termopernambuco. Nesta bacia também estão instaladas diversas agroindústrias que são responsáveis por aproximadamente 72 % da carga orgânica de poluentes despejados na bacia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os impactos provocados pela poluição do rio Ipojuca. Com esse intuito, foi feito o levantamento da variação espaço-temporal das cianobactérias presentes nos reservatórios da referida bacia. Em 2007, foram identificadas ocorrências nos meses de junho a dezembro e no ano de 2008, todos os meses com exceção dos meses de maio e dezembro, confirmando que são frequentes nos reservatórios dessa bacia devido ao processo de eutrofização dos efluentes agroindustriais e a falta de saneamento básico dos municípios drenados pela bacia. Nestes treze açudes foram identificados 25 gêneros de cianobactérias nas amostras coletadas no período amostral, pertencentes às classes Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales e Nostocales. Os fatores ambientais foram apontados como responsáveis pelo sucesso do desenvolvimento destes organismos. Concluindo, faz-se necessário o monitoramento constante dos parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos dos reservatórios da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Ipojuca como forma de evitar intoxicações das populações usuárias por cianotoxinas.
Comparação do fator de bioconcentração de macrófitas aquáticas para metais pesados no córrego afluente à Laguna dos Patos, Pelotas (RS)
Authors: Nunes Lucineia Volter , Sanches Filho Pedro José , Rosa Nathaly Nunes da
Published: March 2014

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo comparativo na capacidade de bioindicação entre Lenma Minor (lentilhas d’água) e a Eichhornia Azurea (aguapé) utilizando os fatores de bioconcentração planta/sedimento em córrego afluente a Lagoa dos Patos na região de Pelotas-RS, Foi coletada amostras de sedimento e plantas, que após secagem sofreram digestão ácida e seus extratos analisados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Constatou-se que a lentilha d’água apresentou melhor comportamento com fatores de bioconcentração planta /sedimento de 7 para o Cobre e 10 para o Zn.