bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Among Television and Computer/Video Game Use, Victimization, and Suicide Risk Among U.S. High School Students
Authors: Rostad Whitney L. , Basile Kathleen C. , Clayton Heather B.
Published: March 2018

With the increasing popularity of mobile Internet devices, the exposure of adolescents to media has significantly increased. There is limited information about associations between the types and frequency of media use and experiences of violence victimization and suicide risk. The current study sought to examine the association of bullying and teen dating violence (TDV) victimization, suicide risk with different types of media use (i.e., television and computer/video game use), and number of total media use hours per school day. Data from the nationally representative 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ( n = 15,624) were used to examine the association between media use and violence victimization and suicide risk. Logistic regression models generated prevalence ratios adjusted for demographic characteristics and substance use behaviors to identify significant associations between media use and victimization and suicide risk, stratified by gender. Media use was associated with TDV victimization for male students only, while media use was related to experiences of bullying and suicide risk for both male and female students. In addition, limited (2 or fewer hours) and excessive (5 or more hours) media use emerged as significant correlates of suicide risk and bullying victimization, with limited media use associated with decreased risk and excessive media use with increased risk. Comprehensive, cross-cutting efforts to prevent different forms of victimization should take into account media use and its potential association with adolescent victimization and suicide risk. The current study results suggest limiting adolescent media use, as part of comprehensive prevention programming, might relate to reductions in risk for victimization and suicide.
Potential impact of active tire pressure management on fuel consumption reduction in passenger vehicles
Authors: d’Ambrosio Stefano , Vitolo Roberto
Published: March 2018

Active tire pressure management, through an automatic, electro-pneumatic, central tire inflation system, is here proposed as a means of improving fuel consumption in passenger vehicles, as well as safety and drivability. A brief description of the active tire pressure control system, which has been set up at the Politecnico di Torino, is provided as a reference. Different strategies, aimed at reducing rolling resistance, through inflation pressure management, under specific vehicle working conditions, are then illustrated. The fuel benefits that can be achieved by adopting these strategies in passenger vehicles are studied by means of computer simulations using a proprietary software for vehicle performance and fuel consumption estimation. Coast-down coefficients, evaluated experimentally during deceleration tests on a closed track, are generally available at the reference tire pressure prescribed by the original equipment manufacturer of the vehicle. These fixed coefficients can then be used to describe the vehicle in simulation environments. LaClair’s relation, which illustrates the influence of tire inflation pressure on rolling resistance, has therefore been used to recalculate the coast-down coefficients as functions of the tire pressure. This has allowed fuel consumption simulations to be performed on the reference B-segment passenger car under different working conditions. In particular, the following pressure management strategies have been studied: adaptation of the inflation pressure to the vertical load, variation of the inflation pressure during tire warm-up, and adjustment of the inflation pressure, according to the average speed (urban/highway driving). The performed simulations have demonstrated that if the standard tire pressure is maintained, fuel consumption could be reduced by up to 2% in real-world driving; further advantages could be obtained by varying the target pressure as a function of the current working conditions of the vehicle.
To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? Two Meta-Analyses
Authors: Sisk Victoria F. , Burgoyne Alexander P. , Sun Jingze , Butler Jennifer L. , Macnamara Brooke N.
Published: March 2018

Mind-sets (aka implicit theories) are beliefs about the nature of human attributes (e.g., intelligence). The theory holds that individuals with growth mind-sets (beliefs that attributes are malleable with effort) enjoy many positive outcomes—including higher academic achievement—while their peers who have fixed mind-sets experience negative outcomes. Given this relationship, interventions designed to increase students’ growth mind-sets—thereby increasing their academic achievement—have been implemented in schools around the world. In our first meta-analysis ( k = 273, N = 365,915), we examined the strength of the relationship between mind-set and academic achievement and potential moderating factors. In our second meta-analysis ( k = 43, N = 57,155), we examined the effectiveness of mind-set interventions on academic achievement and potential moderating factors. Overall effects were weak for both meta-analyses. However, some results supported specific tenets of the theory, namely, that students with low socioeconomic status or who are academically at risk might benefit from mind-set interventions.
Robust gain-scheduled linear parameter-varying control algorithm for a lab helicopter: A linear matrix inequality–based approach
Authors: Jafar Adnan , Bhatti Aamer Iqbal , Ahmad SM , Ahmed Nisar
Published: March 2018

The control performance of aerial vehicles can be easily affected by measurement error in sensor output, dynamic model error, model parameter variation, parametric uncertainty, external disturbance, and dynamic coupling. This article presents a design of robust linear parameter-varying control technique with induced L2-norm performance combined with linear matrix inequality pole region constraints for a lab-scale helicopter. A linear parameter-varying disturbance rejection observer is constructed that characterizes the L2-norm performance of the linear parameter-varying system, which enables to estimate state information not only in the presence of external disturbance but also in case of fault occurrence or unavailability of some sensor output. Therefore, the proposed robust linear parameter-varying control scheme has the tendency to provide an adaptive control solution for stability proof and robust tracking performance. The performance of the proposed technique is confirmed both in simulation and in real time. Compared to conventional output feedback H∞ control technique, the proposed control technique yields a good tracking performance in the presence of disturbance, parameter variation, and dynamic coupling.
Combatting disability discrimination: A comparison of France and Great Britain
Authors: Corby Susan , William Laura , Richard Sarah
Published: March 2018

This article examines disabled people’s employment in Great Britain and France. In both countries, they are far less likely to be employed than non-disabled people, but the gap is wider in Britain than in France. Possible explanations for the wider gap in Britain include weak enforcement mechanisms, judicial resistance and the lack of an institutional role for trade unions, resulting in an implementation gap; while the narrower gap in France may reflect the more proactive legislation, including its quota-levy scheme. We conclude that these explanations are not mutually exclusive, and we suggest that Britain might consider adopting some French provisions, thus tempering its voluntarist approach.
Investigating the Relationship between Trade Balance and the Exchange Rate: The Case of Laos’ Trade with Thailand
Authors: Kyophilavong Phouphet , Shahbaz Muhammad , Rehman Ijaz Ur , Souksavath Somchith , Chanthasene Sengchanh
Published: March 2018

We investigate the nexus between Laos’ trade balance and its real exchange rate with Thailand. We apply the combined cointegration approach and find that the trade balance and the real exchange rate have cointegration. The devaluation of Laos’ Kip improves the trade balance, but there is no evidence of the J-curve phenomenon. Laos’s economic growth causes its trade balance to deteriorate. A rise in Thai income increases the trade balance of Laos. This study presents new insights for policymakers who seek to sustain trade with Thailand by designing a comprehensive trade policy.
Function of private singing in instrumental music learning: A multiple case study of self-regulation and embodiment
Authors: Casas-Mas Amalia , López-Íñiguez Guadalupe , Pozo Juan Ignacio , Montero Ignacio
Published: March 2018

The aim of this article is to explore a range of largely embodied vocalisations and sounds produced by learners of string instruments and how they relate to the potential self-regulatory use provided by such vocalisations. This type of “singing” while learning to play an instrument may have similarities to the use of private speech in other types of learning tasks. This report describes a multiple case study based on the naturalistic observation of learners playing string instruments in different situations. We observed private rehearsals by six adult guitarists from different music cultures (classical, flamenco and jazz) who had different approaches to learning (traditional and constructivist). In addition, we observed the one-to-one lessons of a constructivist cello teacher with a 7-year-old beginner and a 12-year-old student. All sessions were recorded. We applied the System for Analysing the Practice of Instrumental Lessons to the video lessons and/or practices and participant discourse for constant comparative analysis across all categories and participants. From the theoretical framework of private speech, we identified a set of qualities in private singing, such as whistling, humming, and guttural sounds, with different levels of audibility. Self-guidance and self-regulation appeared to be the functions underlying both psychomotor learning and reflective-emotional learning from an embodiment approach. Guitar learners from popular urban cultures seemed to use less explicit singing expression than classical guitar learners, the explicitness of which may be related to the instructional use of the notational system. In the one-to-one cello lessons, we observed a process of increasing internalisation from the younger to the older student. Both results are consistent with the literature on private speech, indicating that this process is a natural process of internalisation at higher literacy levels. Singing is not as frequent in music lessons as might be expected, and it is even less frequently used as a reflective tool or understood as an embodied process. The examples provided in this article shed light on the multiplicity of applications and on the potential benefits of private singing in instructional contexts as a powerful learning tool.
Gender-Inclusive Educational Programs for Workforce Development
Authors: Ray Sarah M. , Galvan Ovidio , Zarestky Jill
Published: March 2018

Vocational and workforce education provide economic opportunity but often exclude or limit the participation of women. Here, we lay the foundation for developing workforce programming from a feminist perspective and building inclusion efforts within academic institutions for vocational education students and practitioners. Based on a systematic review of the literature, we present findings pertaining to three aspects of feminist pedagogy—career choice, care, and multiculturalism—as the basis for identifying the best practices for a feminist pedagogy of vocational education. We conclude with a discussion of the impact of the findings on the personal/social and political/structural qualities of education programs and provide an extensive and concrete checklist for vocational and workforce program administrators and educators to use when evaluating and modifying their programs for inclusive practices.
The Murder Epidemic: A Global Comparative Study
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Acha-Anyi Paul N.
Published: March 2018

We build on literature from policy and academic circles to assess whether Latin America is leading when it comes to persistence in homicides. The focus is on a global sample of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. The following main finding is established. The region with the highest evidence of persistence in homicides is sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and then by Europe and Central Asia. In order to increase room for policy implications, the data set is decomposed into income levels, religious domination, landlockedness, and legal origins. From the conditioning information set, the following factors account for persistence in global homicides: crime, political instability, and weapons import positively affect homicides whereas the number of “security and police officers” has the opposite effect.
The Effects of Exposure to Negative Social Reactions and Participant Gender on Attitudes and Behavior Toward a Rape Victim
Authors: Brown Amy L.
Published: March 2018

Research has shown that judgments of a rape victim could be influenced by exposure to negative social reactions: students indicated less willingness to provide sympathy and support to a hypothetical rape victim when they learned she had been blamed and stigmatized. The current study, which utilized a sample of 100 college students, replicated and extended these results and showed that men were affected by others’ negative social reactions in their hypothetical judgments and in their behavioral responses to a rape victim (sitting farther away). This study demonstrates the potentially far-reaching detrimental influence of negative social reactions.
Motivational Interviewing–Based Compliance/Adherence Therapy Interventions to Improve Psychiatric Symptoms of People With Severe Mental Illness: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong-Anuchit Choochart , Chantamit-o-pas Chutima , Schneider Joanne Kraenzle , Mills Andrew C.
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Nonadherence is the leading cause of relapse in mental illness. No quantitative synthesis of multiple studies has been conducted to determine the effect of motivational interviewing (MI)–based compliance/adherence therapy (CAT) interventions on people with severe mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the studies that examined the effectiveness of MI-based CAT interventions to improve psychiatric symptoms. DESIGN: Quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen primary studies were retrieved ( N =1267 participants). MI-based CAT interventions significantly improved psychiatric symptoms with a moderate effect size (ES) of .45. Longer sessions and higher intervention doses showed significantly greater ESs than shorter sessions and lower doses. ESs were significantly lower when participants were older and when there was a longer period between the intervention and outcome measurement. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the effectiveness of MI-based CAT interventions. Session length and dose effect should be considered when tailoring MI to clients.
The Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Institutions: Results From a Representative Population-Based Sample in Germany
Authors: Witt Andreas , Rassenhofer Miriam , Allroggen Marc , Brähler Elmar , Plener Paul L. , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: March 2018

The lifetime prevalence of sexual abuse in institutional settings in Germany was examined in a sample representative of the general adult population ( N = 2,437). Participants completed a survey on whether they had ever experienced such abuse, its nature (contact, noncontact, forced sexual, intercourse), the type of institution (e.g. school, club), and the relationship of perpetrator to victim (peer, caregiver, staff member). Overall, 3.1% of adult respondents (women: 4.8%, men: 0.8%) reported having experienced some type of sexual abuse in institutions. Adult women reported higher rates of all types than did men, with rates of 3.9% versus 0.8% for contact sexual abuse, 1.2% versus 0.3% for noncontact sexual abuse, and 1.7% versus 0.2% for forced sexual intercourse. We conclude that a remarkable proportion of the general population experiences sexual abuse in institutions, underscoring the need for development of protective strategies. Especially, schools seem to represent good starting points for primary prevention strategies.
The Etiology of Risk in Sexual Offenders: A Preliminary Model
Authors: Brouillette-Alarie Sébastien , Proulx Jean
Published: March 2018

Sexual offender risk assessment practice is considered by many to be atheoretical. The identification of the most predictive risk factors and tools has typically overshadowed questions about etiology. To gain insight into the origins of criminal behavior among sexual offenders, we developed and validated an etiological model of risk based on the theoretical framework of Beech and Ward. Our model focused on persistence rather than onset, and encompassed both the sexual and nonsexual criminal activity of these offenders. It comprised two pathways. The first was characterized by sexual victimization, social isolation, and early deviant sexual fantasies. It led to a prolific involvement in sexual criminality (especially toward children) and predicted sexual recidivism. The second pathway was characterized by externalization problems, sexual promiscuity, and physical/psychological victimization, and was associated with nonsexual offending and serious sexual offenses directed (mostly) toward women. It predicted all types of recidivism.
Resident Perceptions of the Economic Benefits of Tourism: Toward a Common Measure
Authors: Boley B. Bynum , Strzelecka Marianna , Woosnam Kyle M.
Published: March 2018

At the core of the resident attitude literature is the general understanding that the more residents economically benefit from tourism, the more they support tourism. While a central tenet, previous research has measured resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism somewhat haphazardly, using four disparate directions without a common cross-culturally reliable and valid scale. To bring clarity to the literature, this study develops and presents the Economic Benefit from Tourism Scale as a reliable and valid measure for the resident attitude literature to embrace. The scale’s development follows Churchill’s recommendations and uses three separate data collections across the United States of America and Poland to purify the scale and demonstrate its validity within an international context. Both samples prove the scale to be construct valid with maximum weight alphas in the .85 to .90 range, standard factor loadings all above 0.60, and average variance extracted estimates between 57% and 69%.
The Foreskin Aesthetic or Ugliness Reconsidered
Authors: Allan Jonathan A.
Published: March 2018

This article argues that to understand the role and place of the foreskin, we must address the aesthetic question that sits at its root. North American media often describe the foreskin as “ugly,” “gross,” or pejoratively “European”; all of which present, fundamentally, an aesthetic comment on what is pleasing. As such, this article investigates the aesthetic discourse surrounding the foreskin in relation to a range of materials that speak at or around the foreskin. In particular, it looks at sources deemed to be “common”—sex manuals, pregnancy manuals, and film and television—alongside theoretical and scientific studies. Undertaking a close reading of these materials, this article sheds light on the striking similarities that these distinct bodies of literature share and the way that aesthetics undergirds their arguments, often as a silent statement rather than exerted forcefully. Through this argument, this article breaks new ground on the way that we consider the foreskin, and, importantly, the aestheticization processes that shape our understanding of this seemingly ancillary component of the penis. Accordingly, this article contributes to a growing body of scholarship on the politics of the foreskin and circumcision by shifting the debate to consider the aesthetic.
Health psychology in Ghana: A review of the multidisciplinary origins of a young sub-field and its future prospects
Authors: de-Graft Aikins Ama
Published: March 2018

This article presents a historical overview of psychology applied to health and health psychology in Ghana. A brief history of health, illness and healthcare in Ghana is introduced. Then, the history of psychology in Ghana is presented, with signposts of the major turns in the field in relation to psychology and other disciplines applied to health and the emergence of health psychology as a sub-field. Selected health psychology studies are reviewed to highlight ideological trends in the field. Finally, future prospects are considered in terms of how the sub-field can transition into an established critical field with unique contributions to make to global health psychology.
Doing Histor{y/ies} of Health Psycholog{y/ies}
Authors: Lubek Ian , Murray Michael
Published: March 2018

Academic (sub)disciplines develop in time and place when particular ideas/practices are nurtured within social, gendered, cultural, community, economic and political contexts. Different histories employ different analyses, some with external views of scientific outputs describing research and practice, and others with internal, behind-the-scenes examinations of these developments, through oral histories and personal recollections. This collection, written by historians of (social) science, or practitioners or pioneering participants, uses different historiographical methods to contextualize health-related activities within the sub-discipline of health psychology and the evolving critical and/or community approaches. The papers connect the evolving health psycholog{y/ies} with changing socio-political circumstances in different countries.
Notes on the development of health psychology and behavioral medicine in the United States
Authors: Lubek Ian , Ghabrial Monica , Ennis Naomi , Crann Sara , Jenkins Amanda , Green Michelle , Badali Joel , Salmon William , Moodley Janice , Sulima Elizabeth , Yen Jeffery , O’Doherty Kieran , Barata Paula
Published: March 2018

A “standard” historiographical overview of the development of health psychology in the United States, alongside behavioral medicine, first summarizes previous disciplinary and professional histories. A “historicist” approach follows, focussing on a collective biographical summary of accumulated contributions of one cohort (1967–1971) at State University of New York at Stony Brook. Foundational developments of the two areas are highlighted, contextualized within their socio-political context, as are innovative cross-boundary collaboration on “precursor” studies from the 1960s and 1970s, before the official disciplines emerged. Research pathways are traced from social psychology to health psychology and from clinical psychology to behavioral medicine.
‘What are you taking away with you?’ Closing radio counselling encounters by reviewing progress
Authors: Thell Nataliya , Peräkylä Anssi
Published: March 2018

Psychological radio counselling is a relatively recent development in psychological practice, where professionals provide psychological help via mass media communication. In the media context, a professional and a help-seeker face a number of communicative challenges, one of which is to close the encounter meaningfully with regard to its counselling and radio tasks. This study explicates how radio counselling encounters can be rounded off by summarising and reviewing the progress achieved in understanding the caller’s problem. At the end of the encounters, the radio psychologist invited callers to look back at the conversation and to formulate possible gains from it. On one hand, the radio psychologist encouraged callers’ reflection and acknowledged the callers’ entitlement to pass judgement on the outcomes of the encounter. On the other hand, the radio psychologist checked and subsequently reviewed the caller’s understanding of his or her problem and its solutions. We discuss how the practice was used to round off the encounters in a distinct way with an orientation to their counselling and radio objectives.
Unruly affect in the kindergarten classroom: A critical analysis of social-emotional learning
Authors: Stearns Clio
Published: March 2018

This article offers a critique of social-emotional learning programs through the lens of psychoanalytic theory and with a particular focus on the theoretical contributions of Kleinian psychoanalysis. In particular, the article draws on concepts of affective positions to show that social-emotional learning is mired in a paranoid-schizoid mentality that does not allow for ambivalence or exploration of disappointment. The article contends that social-emotional learning offers a rendition of learning that makes too little space for negative affect and difficult feelings, including aggression and excitement, in the early childhood classroom. After reviewing literature about social-emotional learning, showing the importance in social-emotional learning discourse of positive affect, the regulated self, and the managed classroom, the article explicates the concepts of paranoid-schizoid and depressive functioning, showing what the depressive position in particular might imply for learning and classroom relationships. The article draws on three vignettes from a qualitative research project in a public kindergarten classroom, theorizing these vignettes via a psychoanalytic lens. It argues for the importance of making space for negative affect, aggression, and awareness of the body in the classroom, showing how working with and through these phenomena allows for creativity and learning.
Why support International redistribution? Corruption and public support for aid in the eurozone
Authors: Bauhr Monika , Charron Nicholas
Published: March 2018

What factors explain public support for international redistribution? While the European Union has sent billions of taxpayers' money to over indebted euro countries in an attempt to avoid an economic collapse, these transfers have encountered fierce resistance among both donor and recipient constituents. However, we know surprisingly little about why citizens support or oppose redistribution within the EU. This paper suggests that domestic levels of corruption and institutional quality may be one of the most important explanations for the great variation in public support for financial assistance, bailouts and aid. Using recent European Elections Survey data merged with data on regional level quality of government, we show that the effects of institutional quality are consistently stronger than macro-economic factors, including economic development, inequality or levels of public debt. We find strong evidence that citizens in low corrupt contexts are more likely to support financial assistance to fellow member states. The results have implications for future challenges in securing public support for EU economic integration as well as for our understanding of how and why corruption undermines society's collective action capacity.
Targeting dysfunctional beta-cell signaling for the potential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fenske Rachel J , Kimple Michelle E
Published: March 2018

Since its discovery and purification by Frederick Banting in 1921, exogenous insulin has remained almost the sole therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. While insulin alleviates the primary dysfunction of the disease, many other aspects of the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus are unaffected. Research aimed towards the discovery of novel type 1 diabetes mellitus therapeutics targeting different cell signaling pathways is gaining momentum. The focus of these efforts has been almost entirely on the impact of immunomodulatory drugs, particularly those that have already received FDA-approval for other autoimmune diseases. However, these drugs can often have severe side effects, while also putting already immunocompromised individuals at an increased risk for other infections. Potential therapeutic targets in the insulin-producing beta-cell have been largely ignored by the type 1 diabetes mellitus field, save the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. While there is preliminary evidence to support the clinical exploration of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-based drugs as type 1 diabetes mellitus adjuvant therapeutics, there is a vast space for other putative therapeutic targets to be explored. The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric Gzprotein (Gαz) has been shown to promote beta-cell inflammation, dysfunction, death, and failure to replicate in the context of diabetes in a number of mouse models. Genetic loss of Gαzor inhibition of the Gαzsignaling pathway through dietary interventions is protective against the development of insulitis and hyperglycemia. The multifaceted effects of Gαzin regards to beta-cell health in the context of diabetes make it an ideal therapeutic target for further study. It is our belief that a low-risk, effective therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus will involve a multidimensional approach targeting a number of regulatory systems, not the least of which is the insulin-producing beta-cell.

Impact statement

The expanding investigation of beta-cell therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus is fundamentally relevant and timely. This review summarizes the overall scope of research into novel type 1 diabetes mellitus therapeutics, highlighting weaknesses or caveats in current clinical trials as well as describing potential new targets to pursue. More specifically, signaling proteins that act as modulators of beta-cell function, survival, and replication, as well as immune infiltration may need to be targeted to develop the most efficient pharmaceutical interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus. One such beta-cell signaling pathway, mediated by the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric Gzprotein (Gαz), is discussed in more detail. The work described here will be critical in moving the field forward as it emphasizes the central role of the beta-cell in type 1 diabetes mellitus disease pathology.
Using Mismatch Negativity to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Psychosis
Authors: Ramlakhan Jessica U. , Zomorrodi Reza , Downar Jonathan , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , George Tony P. , Kiang Michael , Barr Mera S.
Published: March 2018

Substance use disorders (SUDs) have a devastating impact on society and place a heavy burden on health care systems. Given that alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use have the highest prevalence, further understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of these SUDs is crucial. Electroencephalography is an inexpensive, temporally superior, and translatable technique which enables investigation of the pathobiology of SUDs through the evaluation of various event-related potential components, including mismatch negativity (MMN). The goals of this review were to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use on MMN among nonpsychiatric populations and patients with comorbid psychosis. A literature search was performed using the database PubMed, and 36 articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found a pattern of attenuation of MMN amplitude among patients with alcoholism across acute and chronic alcohol use, and this dysregulation was not heritable. Reports were limited, and results were mixed on the effects of acute and chronic tobacco and cannabis use on MMN. Reports on comorbid SUDs and psychosis were even fewer, and also presented mixed findings. These preliminary results suggest that MMN deficits may be associated with SUDs, specifically alcohol use disorder, and serve as a possible biomarker for treating these common disorders.
Surface Replacement Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty: A Case Series
Authors: Jordaan Pieter W. , McGuire Duncan , Solomons Michael W.
Published: March 2018

Background: In 2012, our unit published our experience with a pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) implant. Due to high subsidence rates, a decision was made to change to a cemented surface replacement proximal interphalangeal joint (SR-PIPJ) implant. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the change to a cemented implant would improve the subsidence rates. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who had a cemented SR-PIPJ arthroplasty performed from 2011 to 2013 with at least 12 months follow-up. Results: A total of 43 joints were included with an average follow-up of 26.5 months. There was a significant ( P = .02) improvement in arc of motion with an average satisfaction score of 3.3 (satisfied patient). Subsidence was noted in 26% of joints with a significant difference in range of motion ( P = .003) and patient satisfaction ( P = .001) between the group with and without subsidence. Conclusions: The change to a cemented implant resulted in satisfied patients with an improvement in range of motion. The rate of subsidence improved but remains unacceptably high.
Integrating Physical Activity Into Clinical Cancer Care
Authors: Parker Nathan H. , Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: March 2018

Physical activity is an important target for improving health and well-being among cancer survivors. Cancer clinicians are uniquely positioned to promote physical activity among survivors through follow-up visits for treatment planning and surveillance. Providers should prioritize assessment of guideline-concordant physical activity and facilitate achievement of physical activity guidelines through exercise prescription, goal setting, addressing barriers, and capitalizing on support systems.
Parallel stent grafts for the treatment of complex aortic aneurysms: A single center study
Authors: Silverberg Daniel , Rimon Uri , Raskin Daniel , BarDayan Avner , Halak Moshe
Published: March 2018

Background

“Chimney” techniques with parallel grafts used in order to extend the landing zones in endovascular aneurysm repair (ch-EVAR) are increasingly being reported. Conflicting data has been reported regarding the success and durability of the repair. We report a single center experience using ch-EVAR in treating complex aortic pathologies.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with ch-EVAR in our institution between 2013 and 2017. Data collected included patients demographics, indications for surgery, configuration of parallel grafts, technical success, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Follow-up data included aortic sac size, reintervention rate, and overall mortality.

Results

Thirty-five patients underwent treatment of their aneurysms with parallel grafts. Sixty parallel grafts were placed. Mean age was 75 years (range 59–93) and 30 (85%) were male. Technical success was achieved in 32 (91%) patients. Mean follow up was 12 months. Sac size decreased in diameter or remained unchanged in 26 of the 30 (86.6%) patients. Four patients were found to have enlarging aneurysms due to gutter endoleaks. All were treated successfully with endovascular methods. The estimated primary patency was 95% at 12 months. Probability of freedom from intervention was 75% at 12 months. No late aneurysm related mortality occurred.

Conclusion

The use of ch-EVAR in treating complex aortic aneurysms is technically feasible and safe. Gutter endoleaks are encountered only in a minority of the cases, and can be treated with minimally invasive techniques. Longer term follow up is required to evaluate the patency of these parallel grafts and the durability of the aneurysm exclusion.
Memory for staged events: Supporting older and younger adults’ memory with SenseCam
Authors: Mair Ali , Poirier Marie , Conway Martin A
Published: March 2018

Two experiments measured the effect of retrieval support provided by a wearable camera, SenseCam, on older and younger adults’ memory for a recently experienced complex staged event. In each experiment, participants completed a series of tasks in groups, and the events were recalled 2 weeks later, after viewing SenseCam images (experimental condition) or thinking about the event (control condition). When IQ and education were matched, young adults recalled more event details than older adults, demonstrating an age-related deficit for novel autobiographical material. Reviewing SenseCam images increased the number of details recalled by older and younger adults, and the effect was similar for both groups. These results suggest that memory can be supported by the use of SenseCam, but the age-related deficit is not eliminated.
The Survival Struggle and Resistant Politics of a DIY Music Career in East Asia: Case Studies of China and Taiwan
Authors: Jian Miaoju
Published: March 2018

Indie music in East Asia has experienced tremendous growth in popularity since the mid-2000s, especially in China and Taiwan. This trend has encouraged a number of indie bands to pursue more radical and alternative ‘do-it-yourself’ (DIY) careers within their local underground music scenes. Taking two bands from Beijing and Taipei as case studies, this article argues that their DIY music careers help them both to survive through their aesthetic freedom and to confront the paradoxical government involvement in the local music market. P.K. 14, a band from China, practice a pragmatic DIY music career with an oblique resistance to political authorities. Touming Magazine, a band from Taiwan, pursue a DIY career through punk ethics to fight against an overwhelming neoliberal discourse and a promotional state policy of developing a cultural and creative industry. While DIY career practitioners have opened up alternative possibilities to preserve the autonomy of making music, such a career path is still challenged by an unsustainable market, a shortage of financing, and the continued dominance of major music companies’ own platforms. The situations these musicians face illustrate a more ambivalent type of politics, beyond mere emancipation, in their pursuit of a DIY career.
Improving the documentation of flexible cystoscopy notes: Case for introduction of electronic patient records?
Authors: Blach Ola , Ali Ahmed , Bott Simon , Montgomery Bruce
Published: March 2018

Introduction/Objective:

Good surgical practice dictates that comprehensive and legible records are maintained by surgeons of all their interactions with patients. Flexible cystoscopy (FC) notes should be no exception to this standard. Currently at our institution, for every cystoscopy, FC operators document the same information in two different locations: handwritten in patient notes and electronic discharge letter.

Methods:

A closed-loop audit of FC notes at our institution was undertaken and data were collected prospectively using patients’ notes. Notes were scrutinised against the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS)/British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) standards. The first period was 13–17 October 2015, and the second period was 20–31 May 2016. A total of 73 patients were included (43+30).

Results:

The first cycle highlighted several areas requiring improvement. Eight of 15 parameters fell short of the 100% target compliance: time (5.9%), responsible consultant (32.4%), operator (50%), postoperative instructions (82.4%), indication for FC (85.3%), date (88.2%), procedure name (91.2%) and signature (97%). Subsequently, a new electronic FC proforma was designed using the RCS/BAUS criteria for data to be documented. A successive re-audit using identical criteria established 100% compliance in all fields.

Conclusion:

Adopting the new proforma significantly improved the quality of FC documentation. Subsequently, new online software incorporating our proforma was introduced as part of electronic patient records, allowing for data to be easily accessed and read. We discuss the relevance of this in the context of existing literature.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a male cat
Authors: Mayayo Saray Lorna , Bo Stefano , Pisu Maria Carmela
Published: March 2018

Case summary

Mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (MFH) is a benign pathology characterised by extensive proliferation of the ductal epithelium and mammary stroma. It typically occurs in young female cats, and seems to result from hypersensitivity to progesterone. A 2-year-old entire male European Shorthair cat presented to the veterinary clinic with enlargement of several mammary glands, which had developed within the previous 10 days. There was no prior administration of progestin in the cat’s medical history. Diagnostic tests were performed to assess the basal progesterone concentration and the concentration after stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which ruled out the presence of functional ovarian tissue. Histological examination of the testes excluded hormone-secreting testicular tumours. Histological examination of the mammary gland confirmed the diagnosis of MFH. Treatment was started with aglepristone, a selective competitor for progesterone receptors, administered subcutaneously at 15 mg/kg at days 1, 2, 8 and 15. A reduction in the size of the mammary glands was evident 6 days after the first administration, with complete remission observed after 4 weeks.

Relevance and novel information

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full report of MFH in a male cat. Although the origin of the progestins responsible for MFH in this case could not be confirmed, in the light of the diagnostic tests performed and the results obtained, accidental contact with hormone-like substances seems to be the only plausible explanation for the cat’s clinical signs. Inhibitor therapy was successful.
Growth of the colon and rectum throughout gestation: evaluation with fetal MRI
Authors: Ben-Nun Michalle Soudack , Ben-Shlush Aviva , Raviv Zilka Lisa
Published: March 2018

Background

Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract are increasingly being evaluated by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is a paucity of reports describing the normal quantitative development of the fetal colon and rectum on MRI.

Purpose

To provide growth curves of the MRI estimated diameter of the fetal colon and rectum as a function of gestational age.

Material and Methods

This is a retrospective review of 191 singleton fetal MRI studies at 25–39 weeks of gestation. Measurements included maximal diameter of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon on coronal and sagittal views, maximal diameter of the rectum on coronal and sagittal views, and maximal diameter of the rectum at the level of the bladder base on sagittal views. Median growth curves were built using a generalized additive model. Confidence regions were built for 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles.

Results

Smoothed growth curves for the median, and one and three quartiles for each of the five sections as a function of gestational age were calculated. All graphs had a slightly exponential curve.

Conclusion

This study provides normal ranges of the prenatal colon and rectum as a function of gestational age. They may serve as reference values when interpreting fetal MRI.
Sustaining Systemic Racism Through Psychological Gaslighting: Denials of Racial Profiling and Justifications of Carding by Police Utilizing Local News Media
Authors: Tobias Heston , Joseph Ameil
Published: March 2018

This article examines Police Services and local media discourses on street checks in Hamilton, Ontario, from June 2015 to April 2016 and their usage as a form of psychological abuse known as gaslighting. Despite the widespread coverage that the Hamilton Police Service received as a result of being linked to systemic racist practices, a year later, the Hamilton Police Service was able to avoid being implicated in deliberately conducting racial profiling through strategic tactics in the discourse they relied upon and presented in the media. Through an analysis of 27 local news media articles on the topic of street checks, it is argued that the Police Services and local media discourse enact gaslighting, a form of psychological abuse that is used to manipulate object(s) in order to deceive and undermine the credibility of the target. The psychological effects of gaslighting on people of color included a sense of alienation, disenfranchisement from the community, and distrust toward the police. Through a case study application, it is suggested that gaslighting is part of a systemic, historical process of racism that has been used by the police and government organizations to both illegally target people of color and deny complicity in racial profiling.
Worshiping across the Color Line: The Influence of Congregational Composition on Whites’ Friendship Networks and Racial Attitudes
Authors: Polson Edward C. , Dougherty Kevin D.
Published: March 2018

Religious participation has reinforced the color line in American society for generations. Despite rising racial and ethnic diversity across U.S. communities, most Americans continue to belong to congregations composed primarily of others from their own racial/ethnic groups. Yet recent scholarship suggests that the presence of multiple racial or ethnic groups in the same congregation is increasing. The authors examine how the racial/ethnic composition of U.S. congregations is related to white attenders’ friendship networks and comfort with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). Using national survey data, the authors find that whites in multiracial congregations report more diverse friendship networks and higher levels of comfort with nonwhites than do whites in nonmultiracial congregations. However, the influence of worshipping with another race/ethnicity seems to be most pronounced for whites in congregations with Hispanics. Moreover, neighbors and friends of other races have more impact on whites’ friendship networks and attitudes than do congregations. The authors discuss implications of these findings for understanding U.S. intergroup relations and the potential of congregations to address the color line.
Research-to-Resource: Dignity for All: LGBTQ Students and Empathic Teaching
Authors: Taylor Don
Published: March 2018

Millennials are more likely to identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) than students from previous generations, signaling new levels of diversity in society. The purpose of this research to resource article is to provide music teachers with empathic models of teaching that encourage critical reflection and foster respectful interactions within the classroom. Tenets of empathic teaching include (a) seeing the world as others see it, (b) remaining nonjudgmental, (c) understanding another’s feelings, and (d) communicating that understanding. Suggestions for music listening and inclusive discourse are provided.
Coagulopathy induced by traumatic brain injury: systemic manifestation of a localized injury
Authors: Zhang Jianning , Zhang Fangyi , Dong Jing-fei
Published: March 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)–induced coagulopathy is a common and well-recognized risk for poor clinical outcomes, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and treatment options are limited and ineffective. We discuss the recent progress and knowledge gaps in understanding this lethal complication of TBI. We focus on (1) the disruption of the brain-blood barrier to disseminate brain injury systemically by releasing brain-derived molecules into the circulation and (2) TBI-induced hypercoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic states that result in persistent and delayed intracranial hemorrhage and systemic bleeding.
Five-year outcomes for frontline brentuximab vedotin with CHP for CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Fanale Michelle A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Forero-Torres Andres , Bartlett Nancy L. , Advani Ranjana H. , Pro Barbara , Chen Robert W. , Davies Andrew , Illidge Tim , Uttarwar Mayur , Lee Shih-Yuan , Ren Hong , Kennedy Dana A. , Shustov Andrei R.
Published: March 2018

Key Points

100% response rate (92% CR) in 26 patients treated with frontline BV+CHP. After ∼5 years, 50% remained in CR (PFS 37.8+ to 66.0+ months). 18 of 19 patients (95%) with treatment-emergent PN reported resolution or improvement in symptoms; 9 had resolution of all PN events.