bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job insecurity and health and well-being: What happens when you really need or love your job?
Authors: Graham Baylor A , Sinclair Robert R , Sliter Michael
Published: July 2023

Job insecurity is a pervasive and impactful global concern, eliciting stress and affecting the health and well-being of employees worldwide. The present study ( N = 679) examined the relationship between job insecurity and health and well-being and the moderating role of economic dependence and job satisfaction. When workers depended on their job as a source of income or when they were highly satisfied with their work, the relationship between job insecurity and health and well-being was exacerbated. The findings shed light on the complexities of individual variability in the relationship between job insecurity and health and well-being.
Free Movement and Welfare in the European Union: The Social Consequences of the Right to Exit
Authors: Kyriazi Anna , Visconti Francesco
Published: July 2023

The relationship between the European Union's (EU) free movement regime and welfare has received ample scholarly attention. However, this has almost exclusively been from the perspective of destination countries. We know surprisingly little about the “other side” of the migration phenomenon, i.e., the welfare-related implications of large-scale emigration, which predominantly takes place from peripheral EU member states toward the core. In this paper, we break new ground using an original survey fielded in 15 EU member states in 2021. We ask how worries about immigration and emigration shape people's attitudes about social spending in their country of origin and whether they are associated with preferences for EU involvement in social policy. We show that, on average, immigration is salient across the board, but more so in core states (West and North), while emigration is a more salient issue in peripheral states (East and West). In terms of policy preferences, regression analyses indicate that worries about emigration versus immigration are linked in an inverted manner to social policy. Indeed, a preoccupation with incoming migration increases opposition to higher government social spending, while it is irrelevant for support for a stronger EU role in social matters; by contrast, a preoccupation with emigration increases support for both higher government social spending and a stronger EU role in social matters.
Digital competencies of music teachers under the ‘new normal’ in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Lee , Lam Chi Ying , Leung Chi Hin
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to education systems around the world, resulting in a ‘new normal’ for school music education in which teaching and learning can no longer rely only on conventional classroom practices. Concerns have also been raised over music teachers’ digital competencies, given the perceived importance of the use of technology within the new educational landscape. This article presents the results of a study that examined the challenges and experiences associated with the digital competencies of music teachers during the pandemic period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with full-time music teachers (N = 18), all of whom taught music as a subject at mainstream primary or secondary schools in Hong Kong. The findings revealed challenges and upskilling of music teachers during the lockdown period, including the technological constraints imposed by the school and the online environment, how they made use of technology to teach music online, and the different ways they developed their digital competencies. Alongside with the catalyst effect of the pandemic that stimulated their upskilling, curriculum changes in teacher training programmes are necessary to better prepare music teachers for the digital transformation of music education and future challenges under the post-pandemic ‘new normal’ situation.

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)對全球教育系統造成衝擊，導致學校的音樂教育進入了一種「新常態」，令教學不能只依賴傳統的面授課堂。鑒於「新常態」下的教學非常倚重科技的運用，音樂教師的數碼技能尤為重要。本研究旨在考察音樂教師在疫情期間運用數碼技能的經驗及其所面臨的挑戰，對18名在香港主流小學或中學教授音樂課程的全職教師進行了半結構化訪談，調查結果顯示在實施新冠肺炎封鎖措施期間音樂教師所面臨的挑戰和技能提升，包括線上教學環境及學校面授課堂的限制，科技的運用，以及他們學習數碼技能的方法。除了疫情的推動之外，課程改革及教師培訓也是必要的，以便音樂教師在數位化音樂教育和後疫情「新常態」下的未來挑戰做準備。
Self-esteem and locus of control of individuals with visual impairments before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis
Authors: Chronopoulou Elena , Stamovlasis Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Konstantinos
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of lockdowns on self-esteem and the locus of control (LoC) of individuals with visual impairments. This research question is important to be answered, as there is no previous research on the topic, and the findings of this study add significant elements to our knowledge on the subject. It is the first time that a study examines the effect of the pandemic on the self-esteem and LoC of individuals with visual impairments. The sample of the research consisted of 321 individuals with visual impairments; 176 of them participated in the pre-COVID period, 50 in the first wave of COVID period, and 95 in the second wave of COVID period. Two research instruments were used: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Rotter Internal–External LoC Scale. High self-esteem and a more internal LoC are positively associated with the pre-COVID period and negatively associated with first- and second-wave COVID periods. The participants with high self-esteem and internal LoC are most likely males, people with blindness, people who work, people who have a university degree, and people who frequently move independently. However, the individuals with low self-esteem and a more external LoC are most likely older people or people with higher age at onset of visual impairment. The first- and second-wave COVID periods are negatively associated with self-esteem and LoC of individuals with visual impairments.
The hazards of delivering a public loan guarantee scheme: An analysis of borrower and lender characteristics
Authors: Cowling Marc , Wilson Nick , Nightingale Paul , Kacer Marek
Published: July 2023

Using data between 2009 and 2020, we provide a detailed description of the borrowers within the Enterprise Finance Guarantee (EFG) loan portfolio, analyse time to default and how it differs across lender types. For limited companies, we match additional financial and non-financial data from public and proprietary databases and profile the characteristics of EFG companies within the population of limited companies. Employing hazard models we find loans granted to unincorporated businesses by the medium-sized financial institutions are associated with a much lower hazard than those provided by smaller local lending institutions and not-for-profit agencies. Moreover, we find some evidence that loans to limited companies, issued by the big UK banking groups, have a significantly lower default than those from medium-sized financial institutions. Large banks screen out high-risk firms. We argue that smaller lenders are able to price the risks rejected by the larger banks, using a wider range of credit information.

JEL codes: G01, G21, L52, D25
Where Adab Meets Film: Mapping Discourses on Akhlaq and Islah in the Urdu Film Journals from India (1930–1950)
Authors: Niazi Sarah Rahman
Published: July 2023

Film journals had become part and parcel of the complex of cinema consumption and a vital source of information in the 1930s. These film journals successfully expanded the reach of cinema and created a space for thinking and engaging with cinema and cinema-related content. The film magazine not only fulfilled the needs of average cinema-goers but was also aimed at distributors, exhibitors, advertisers and potential film financiers. This article throws light on the issue of cinema’s relationship to language through the Urdu film journal. It explores how literary public spheres impinged on the cinematic and reflected the tensions and anxieties that had arisen over the question of the Hindi-Urdu language divide during the 1930s. The intersection between – and transformations of – literary and cinematic cultures effected by commercial printing produced a series of complex negotiations. Through the specific cases of the Urdu film journals Film, Shama, Star, Film Stage and Nigarkhana, I show how these journals were responding to – or how they expressed continued engagement with – notions of akhlaq (moral conduct) and islah (correction) which were central to contemporary articulations on reform and morality.
Eyewatch adjustable drainage device in vitrectomized eyes with refractory glaucoma
Authors: Savastano Alfonso , Gambini Gloria , Carlà Matteo Mario , Caporossi Tomaso , Giannuzzi Federico , Rizzo Clara , Killian Raphael , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: July 2023

Background

To describe the efficacy and safety of the adjustable system eyeWatch in vitrectomized glacomatous eyes.

Methods

Prospective, non-comparative, small case series of 2 patients who underwent glaucoma drainage device implant with the eyeWatch system. Intraocular pressure, number of medications and early and late complications were evaluated.

Results

None of the operated eyes developed early or late complications. After 1 week post operatively, the IOP raised at 28 mmHg in the first eye and 25 mmHg in the second one. The eyeWatch Pen was used to open and set the device into position 3 (that means implant half opened) After waiting for 30 min, IOP was 15 mmHg and 11 mmHg, respectively. Thirty days after surgery we set the EyeWatch into position 0 (that means implant full opened) even though the IOP was under control. A new IOP measurement was done and we registered that IOP was 14 mmHg and 10 mmHg respectively, and it remained stable after six months of follow up.

Conclusion

In conclusion, in our case series the use of eyeWatch adjustable system allows a safe and gradual regulation of the flow during post-operative management also in vitrectomized eyes. Considering the percentage of hypotony related complications in vitrectomized eyes this system is an effective and safe technique to handle glaucoma in post vitreoretinal surgery eyes.
Elaboration and development of a realistic 3D printed model for training in ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral central venous catheter in children
Authors: Raffaele Alessandro , Mauri Valeria , Negrini Mattia , Negrello Erika , Parigi Gian Battista , Avolio Luigi , Pietrabissa Andrea , Auricchio Ferdinando , Marconi Stefania
Published: July 2023

Background:

Simulation for training is becoming a trend topic worldwide, even if its applications are commonly limited to adulthood. Ultrasound-guided procedures require practice and experience—especially in the pediatric field, where the small size of the involved anatomical structures poses major problems. In this context, a realistic 3D printed pediatric phantom for training of the ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral central venous catheters in children was developed.

Materials and methods:

Starting from Computed Tomography scans of an 8 years-old girl, her left arm was virtually reconstructed—including bones, arteries, and veins—through a semi-automatic segmentation process. According to preliminary results, the most suitable 3D printing technologies to reproduce the different anatomical structures of interest were selected, considering both direct and indirect 3D printing techniques. Experienced operators were asked to evaluate the efficacy of the final model through a dedicated questionnaire.

Results:

Vessels produced through indirect 3D printing latex dipping technique exhibited the best echogenicity, thickness, and mechanical properties to mimic real children’s venous vessels, while arteries—not treated and/or punctured during the procedure—were directly 3D printed through Material Jetting technology. An external mold—mimicking the arm skin—was 3D printed and a silicone-based mixture was poured to reproduce real patient’s soft tissues. Twenty expert specialists were asked to perform the final model’s validation. The phantom was rated as highly realistic in terms of morphology and functionality for the overall simulation, especially for what concerns vessels and soft tissues’ response to puncturing. On the other hand, the involved structures’ US appearance showed the lower score.

Conclusions:

The present work shows the feasibility of a patient-specific 3D printed phantom for simulation and training in pediatric ultrasound-guided procedures.
‘By identifying myself as Métis, I didn’t feel safe…’: Experiences of navigating racism and discrimination among Métis women, Two-Spirit and gender diverse community members in Victoria, Canada
Authors: Paul Willow , Monchalin Renée , Auger Monique , Jones Carly
Published: July 2023

Objective

Racism acts as a major barrier to accessing health services for Indigenous communities in Canada, often leading to delayed, avoided or lack of treatment altogether. The Métis population is uniquely positioned in urban settings, as they experience discrimination from both Indigenous and mainstream health and social services due to Canada’s long colonial history that is ongoing. Yet, Métis are often left out of discussions regarding racism and health service access. This study explores the experiences of racism and health service access among Métis peoples in Victoria, British Columbia.

Methods

We allied a conversational interview method to explore and understand experiences of self-identifying Métis women, Two-Spirit and gender diverse people ( n = 24) who access health and social services in Victoria. Data analysis followed Flicker and Nixon’s six-stage DEPICT model.

Results

In this paper, we share the experiences of racism and discrimination of those who accessed health and social services in Victoria, British Columbia Such experiences include passing as White, experiencing racism following Métis identity disclosure and witnessing racism. Passing as White was viewed as a protective factor against discrimination as well as harming participants’ sense of identity. Experiences of racism took the form of discriminatory comments, harassment and mistreatment, which influenced the willingness of disclosing Métis identity. Witnessing racism occurred in participants, personal and professional lives, negatively impacting them in indirect ways. Each experience of racism had a negative influence on participants’ wellbeing and shaped their experience of accessing health and social services.

Conclusions

Métis people confront racism and discrimination when attempting to access health and social services through first-hand experiences, witnessing and/or avoidance. While this study contributes to the all too often unacknowledged voices of Métis in Canada, there is a continued need for Métis-specific research to accurately inform policy and practice.
Iran's destination image, incremental analysis of safety and security
Authors: Darabi Hassan , Rasoli-dehkharghani Parisa , Kordani Hadis
Published: July 2023

Safety and security (S&S) can contribute substantially to tourists’ perceptions and decision making regarding specific destinations. From this perspective, countries, such as Iran, suffer the consequences because they are formally introduced as unsafe and insecure destinations. The present study was an attempt to analyze the function of S&S in tourists’ perceptions before and after traveling to Iran. To this end, the data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire, and then analyzed via the structural equation modeling. Contrary to the initial assumptions, the results revealed that S&S were not of utmost importance in comparison to other factors, because tourists’ perceptions of the destination image (DI) of Iran were realistic. Moreover, the results indicated that S&S were the reflections of intergovernmental political challenges, and beyond the conventional issues. The study findings were based on the perceptions of those who had already visited Iran, but the segments of tourists that had ignored Iran as a destination remained furtive. Accordingly, such countries like Iran could lose their share of the tourism market due to the restrictive microenvironment. As a result, destination development needs profound insights into tourists’ perceptions to avoid negative impacts and the role of scale in the analysis of DI should consider beyond the destination image. In order to compensate for the deficits, the lost opportunities and the required policy making and planning can be the subjects of further research.
Discourse integration in positional online news reader comments: Patterns of responsiveness across types of democracy, digital platforms, and perspective camps
Authors: Jakob Julia , Chan Chung-hong , Dobbrick Timo , Wessler Hartmut
Published: July 2023

Online discourse integration, or the degree to which online user comments are responsive, that is, address or refer to other debate participants, is a normatively valued yet neglected quality dimension of online discussions. This preregistered study features the first cross-country/cross-platform investigation of online discourse integration, using manual and computational content analysis ( N = 9835 and N = 30,753 positional news reader comments). Unexpectedly, about one quarter of the comments was responsive in both majoritarian and consensus-oriented democracies (Australia/United States vs Germany/Switzerland) and on platforms that separate or mix public and private contexts (websites vs Facebook pages of mainstream media), even though other deliberative quality criteria were previously shown to vary by country and platform. Comments that are responsive to fellow commenters in the opposing perspective camp were more likely to contain negative evaluations of those addressed, whereas comments responsive within the same perspective camp were more likely to contain positive evaluations.
Hybrid Repair of Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection Aneurysm With Dissected Kommerell Diverticulum Without Thoracotomy
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhong Zhimin , Liu Jun , He Yongcong , Liang Rongxin , Ye Zebin
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The coincidence of aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and Kommerell diverticulum (KD) with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a rare but dangerous disease. Currently, there are no well-established guidelines for treatment. Most authors seem to agree that surgical treatment is warranted. However, a hybrid repair technique as we performed is flexible, and a promising approach should be considered.

Case Report:

Here, we summarized a case report of successful single-stage hybrid repair of a complicated TBAD combined with ARSA and KD without thoracotomy.

Conclusion:

Hybrid repair is a flexible and promising technique that has the potential to replace most open operation procedures in the future with a developed technique and more evidence-based medicine.

Clinical Impact

As for ARSA and KD with TBAD patients, open surgical repair has been historically the treatment of choice; however, hybrid repair without thoracotomy means less invasion, simpler operation and faster recovery, which provides a flexible and promising technique that has the potential to replace most open operation procedures in the future with more evidence-based medicine.
Development of a hand classification system for smart hand wearables
Authors: Hong Yujin , Kim Hye Suk , Choi Hee Eun
Published: July 2023

Research purpose: This study aimed to lay a research foundation for smart hand wearable design by classifying the right-hand data of 4545 adults aged 20 to 69. Further, to increase the practical applicability of the hand classification system, a hand type discrimination method and regression equations for the hand dimensions of each type were presented. Methods: This study statistically analyzed eighth Size Korea data with IBM SPSS Ver.26.0. Cluster analysis was performed to classify both finger length and circumference type. Discriminant analysis was conducted, yielding discriminant functions to aid potential smart hand wearable wearers in self-diagnosing their hand types. Linear regression analysis yielded regression equations for the detailed finger dimensions for the pattern-making of smart hand wearables. Results: The finger length type was categorized into four types: the Uphill type, Downhill type, Mountain type, and Horizon type for both men’s and women’s hands. The finger circumference type was categorized into two types, the Cone and Cylinder types, for both men’s and women’s hands. The discriminant function showed a mean accuracy rate of 89.9% and the regression equations a mean explanatory power of 72.9%. Conclusion: The hand classification system proposed in this study aimed to improve the fingertip fit of smart hand wearable products by analyzing the configuration of motion tracking gloves or haptic gloves. In addition, considering the practical applicability for both wearers and designers of smart hand wearables, a discrimination method of finger types for wearers’ self-diagnosis and regression functions of finger dimensions for designers’ pattern making were provided.
Medical Education Column, Creating a High-Yield Guide to Lifestyle Medicine for Medical Students and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Dempsey Andre M. , Brabham Case E.
Published: July 2023

Despite their inclusion as first-line therapy for many chronic diseases, lifestyle interventions are often de-emphasized in medical education and fail to make it into the repertoire of non-lifestyle medicine trained clinicians. We sought to address this gap in medical education by creating a concise pocket guide to lifestyle medicine that lends itself to use in the face-to-face clinical setting. With input from lifestyle medicine experts, the guide was created by medical students for medical students as well as other healthcare professionals for use in a variety of clinical settings. In this article we share our process of creating the guide, initial feedback, and future directions.
Addressing Barriers to Healthy Eating Through Food as Medicine Initiatives
Authors: Matos Marietta Sotomayor , Suzuki Shaye , White Nicole
Published: July 2023

Poor diet is the number one risk factor for death globally; yet, few adults meet the dietary guidelines for optimal health. Food is medicine initiatives including food pharmacies, produce prescriptions, and medically tailored meals are emerging models to improve diet and reduce diet-related disease. These initiatives target barriers to healthy eating, including access, nutrition knowledge, culinary skill, motivation, and support. The following will discuss significant barriers to healthy eating and describe the strategies employed within these initiatives to overcome such barriers.
Intellectual disability nurses’ challenges in medication management in primary health care: A qualitative study
Authors: Måløy Elfrid , Aasen- Stensvold Maria Therese , Vatne Solfrid , Julnes Signe Gunn
Published: July 2023

This study examines how intellectual disability nurses employed in residential living services for persons with intellectual disabilities, in Norway, deal with medication management for these individuals. Using a qualitative study, a total of 18 intellectual disability nurses were interviewed as part of four focus groups. The results demonstrate six main challenges: First, Being alone with the responsibility of medication management - a challenge; Second, The need for further competence development; Third, Teaching and supervising unskilled colleagues in safe medication management; Fourth, Interpreting residents with little or only nonverbal communication; Fifth, The need to act as advocates when residents require hospitalization; Sixth, Deficient systems for medication management on several levels. The findings point to several major flaws in the system of medication management, which necessitates the need for highly qualified intellectual disability nurses. Managers must ensure that there is a secure system to mitigate errors and promote patient safety.
A qualitative exploration of a financial inclusion service in an English foodbank
Authors: Hanson S. , Porter B
Published: July 2023

Aims:

Foodbanks provide emergency food provision. This need can be triggered by a change in circumstance or a crisis. Failures in the social security safety net are the most significant driver for hunger in the UK. There is some evidence that an advisory service which runs alongside a foodbank is more effective in reducing emergency provision and the duration and severity of hunger. The ‘Making a Difference’ project at an English foodbank is a pilot scheme aiming to increase financial resilience in their service users. From summer 2022, they introduced new advice worker roles, in partnership with Shelter [Housing advice] and Citizen’s Advice [General, debt and benefits advice], aiming to pre-empt the need for foodbank use, to triage the financial needs of service users and refer appropriately to reduce repeat visits to the foodbank.

Methods:

This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with four staff and four volunteers to evaluate barriers, facilitators and potential friction points in referrals and partnership working.

Findings:

Our data were analysed thematically into four themes: Holistic needs assessment; Reaching seldom heard communities; Empowerment; The needs of staff and volunteers. Two case studies illustrate the complexity of people’s needs.

Conclusion:

A financial inclusion service operating within foodbanks giving housing, debt and benefits advice shows some promise in reaching people in crisis at the point of need. Based within the heart of a community, it appears to meet the complex needs of very vulnerable people who may have found mainstream support services inaccessible. This asset-based approach with the foodbank as a trusted provider enabled joined up, compassionate, holistic, and person-centred advice quickly cutting across multiple agencies, reaching underserved and socially excluded clients. We suggest that supportive services are needed for volunteers and staff who are vulnerable to vicarious trauma from listening and supporting people in crisis.
Comparative validation of the knee inflammation MRI scoring system and the MRI osteoarthritis knee score for semi-quantitative assessment of bone marrow lesions and synovitis-effusion in osteoarthritis: an international multi-reader exercise
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Pedersen Susanne J. , Eshed Iris , Weber Ulrich , McReynolds Andrew , Bird Paul , Wichuk Stephanie , Lambert Robert G.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with symptoms and predict degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Validated methods for their semiquantitative assessment on MRI are available, but they all have similar scoring designs and questionable sensitivity to change. New scoring methods with completely different designs need to be developed and compared to existing methods.

Objectives:

To compare the performance of new web-based versions of the Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System (KIMRISS) with the MRI OA Knee Score (MOAKS) for quantification of BMLs and synovitis-effusion (S-E).

Design:

Retrospective follow-up cohort.

Methods:

We designed web-based overlays outlining regions in the knee that are scored for BML in MOAKS and KIMRISS. For KIMRISS, both BML and S-E are scored on consecutive sagittal slices. The performance of these methods was compared in an international reading exercise of 8 readers evaluating 60 pairs of scans conducted 1 year apart from cases recruited to the OA Initiative (OAI) cohort. Interobserver reliability for baseline status and baseline to 1 year change in BML and S-E was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Feasibility was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS).

Results:

Mean change in BML and S-E was minimal over 1 year. Pre-specified targets for acceptable reliability (ICC ⩾ 0.80 and ⩾ 0.70 for status and change scores, respectively) were achieved more frequently for KIMRISS for both BML and synovitis. Mean (95% CI) ICC for change in BML was 0.88 (0.83–0.92) and 0.69 (0.60–0.78) for KIMRISS and MOAKS, respectively. KIMRISS mean SUS usability score was 85.7 and at the 95th centile of ranking for usability versus a score of 55.4 and 20th centile for MOAKS.

Conclusion:

KIMRISS had superior performance metrics to MOAKS for quantification of BML and S-E. Both methods should be further compared in trials of new therapies for OA.
Social learning and the complex contagion of political symbols in Twitter: The case of the yellow ribbon in Catalonia
Authors: León-Medina Francisco J
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we empirically test whether the spread of political symbols in Twitter is due to complex contagion. We analyzed behavior consisting of editing the Twitter account name to include an icon with a yellow ribbon; a symbol that represents the demand for the release of imprisoned Catalan politicians and civil leaders. To test this hypothesis, we used a behavioral, non-reactive, relational, and dynamic dataset of a large sample of potential users. First, we show that the probability of displaying a ribbon is associated with the proportion of peers who also display it (friends that share their support for the political cause). Second, we rule out alternative explanations as simple contagion and homophily. To rule out simple contagion, we run three empirically calibrated, agent-based simulations. We use our dataset to rule out homophily. And third, we suggest that adoption cannot be interpreted as the result of a compliance mechanism or as the result of normative pressures. Instead, the most plausible micro-level generative mechanism that leads to a complex contagion pattern is a peer learning process. Our study makes several contributions to the field. We show how digital data can be effectively used to identify new explananda and test the plausibility of competing behavioral explanatory mechanisms. We also contribute to the development of the theory of complex contagions. Our study widens the set of conditions for complex contagion and the set of reasons to explain why complex contagion might occur.
Particulated Costal Allocartilage With Microfracture Versus Microfracture Alone for Knee Cartilage Defects: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Participant- and Rater-Blinded Study
Authors: Chung Kwangho , Jung Min , Jang Ki-Mo , Park Sang-Hoon , Nam Bum Joon , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Sung-Hwan
Published: July 2023

Background:

Microfracture is the first-line treatment for cartilage defects; however, the suboptimal quality of the repaired cartilage remains an issue.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this first in-human study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination of particulated costal allocartilage and microfracture versus microfracture alone in treating knee cartilage defects. We hypothesized that the particulated costal allocartilage with microfracture would result in superior cartilage repair quality and better clinical outcomes at 48 weeks postoperatively.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Patients with cartilage defects were allocated randomly to the treatment group (particulated costal allocartilage with microfracture) and control group (microfracture alone). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of cartilage repair (the primary outcome measure) were evaluated at the 48-week follow-up using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score. Patient-reported clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] pain score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], and International Knee Documentation Committee score) and adverse events were evaluated at 12, 24, and 48 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Overall, 88 patients were included (44 patients each in the treatment and control groups). The total MOCART score at 48 weeks postoperatively was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < .001). Among the 9 MOCART variables, 6 were significantly superior in the treatment versus the control group: degree of repair and defect filling ( P < .001), integration to the border zone ( P < .001), surface ( P = .006), structure ( P = .011), signal intensity of the repair tissue ( P < .001), and subchondral lamina ( P = .005). There were significant between-group differences in KOOS-Pain ( P = .014), KOOS-Activities of Daily Living ( P = .010), KOOS-Sports ( P = .029), and KOOS-Symptoms ( P = .039) at 12 weeks postoperatively and in VAS pain ( P = .012) and KOOS-Pain ( P = .005) at 24 weeks postoperatively. At 48 weeks postoperatively, clinical outcomes were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion:

Microfracture augmented with particulated costal allocartilage resulted in superior cartilage repair quality compared with microfracture alone in terms of MRI evaluation of the knee joint cartilage defect at the 48-week follow-up. Functional outcomes were favorable for both treatments at final follow-up.

Registration:

KCT0004936 (Clinical Research Information Service [CRiS] of the Republic of Korea).
Stranger Twins: A Tale of Resemblance and Contrast Between VAP Proteins
Authors: Subra Mélody , Grimanelli Zoé , Gautier Romain , Mesmin Bruno
Published: July 2023

When considering the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP) family, major receptors at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it appears that VAP-A and VAP-B paralogs largely overlap in structure and function, and that specific features to distinguish these two proteins hardly exist or are poorly documented. Here, we question the degree of redundancy between VAP-A and VAP-B: is one simply a backup plan, in case of loss of function of one of the two genes, or are there molecular and functional divergences that would explain their maintenance during evolution?
Performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbations: a systematic review of the measurement properties
Authors: Leonardi Naiara Tais , Kawakami Débora Mayumi Oliveira , Hurst John R. , Cruz Joana , Mendes Renata Gonçalves
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Hospitalised patients with exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) may have physical and functional impairments that impact morbidity and readmission. Therefore, it is crucial to properly identify reduced functionality in these patients to support a personalised rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to summarise and compare the measurement properties of functionality performance-based outcome measures for hospitalised patients with ECOPD.

Methods

A systematic review based on the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) was performed. The PubMed, Embase, PEDro and Cochrane databases were searched using terms related to functionality, hospitalised patients with ECOPD and measurement properties. Studies were selected and extracted by two researchers. The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was applied to assess the methodological quality of the studies and measurement property results were compared with the criteria for good measurement properties. Quality of evidence was graded using a modified Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results

13 studies were included with nine outcome measures, namely the 6-min pegboard ring test, the de Morton mobility index, the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), the Berg balance scale, 4-m gait speed, handgrip strength and the 6-min stepper test. Construct validity was rated as sufficient, except for the ISWT. Responsiveness, assessed only for MIP, was considered insufficient and measurement errors for the ISWT and 6MWT were insufficient, with a very low quality of evidence for all measurement properties.

Conclusion

Measurement properties of performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in patients hospitalised with ECOPD are still scarce, with very low evidence supporting validity and a lack of evidence of responsiveness and reliability. Further studies are needed to address this topic and guide assertive and personalised management.
Ear and upper airway clinical outcome measures for use in primary ciliary dyskinesia research: a scoping review
Authors: Alexandru Mihaela , Veil Raphaël , Rubbo Bruna , Goutaki Myrofora , Kim Sookyung , Lam Yin Ting , Nevoux Jérôme , Lucas Jane S. , Papon Jean-François
Published: July 2023

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by pulmonary, otological and sino-nasal manifestations. Well-defined clinical outcome measures are needed in such rare diseases research to improve follow-up and treatments. Pulmonary outcome measures have recently been described. The aim of this study was to identify ear and upper airway outcome measures that could be used for longitudinal follow-up of individuals with PCD.

Methods

A scoping review was performed by systematically searching MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews online databases for studies published from January 1996 to March 2022 that included at least 10 adult or paediatric PCD patients and reported ear and upper airway outcomes.

Results

33 studies (1794 patients) were included. 10 ear and upper airway outcomes were reported. 17 studies reported audiometry, 16 reported otoscopic findings, and 13 reported rhinoscopic findings and sinus imaging. Health-related quality of life questionnaires were performed in seven studies. There was a high variability in definitions and measurement of outcomes between studies.

Conclusions

This scoping review highlights the lack of data regarding ear and upper airway outcomes in PCD. It also reports a high heterogeneity in outcome definitions or measures. We provide well-founded specific suggestions to standardise ear and upper airway outcome definitions and reporting for future PCD research studies.
VolumePeeler: a novel FIJI plugin for geometric tissue peeling to improve visualization and quantification of 3D image stacks
Authors: Gatica Marilyn , Navarro Carlos F. , Lavado Alejandro , Reig German , Pulgar Eduardo , Llanos Paula , Härtel Steffen , Ravasio Andrea , Bertocchi Cristina , Concha Miguel L. , Cerda Mauricio
Published: July 2023

Motivation

Quantitative descriptions of multi-cellular structures from optical microscopy imaging are prime to understand the variety of three-dimensional (3D) shapes in living organisms. Experimental models of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, such as zebrafish, killifish, Drosophila or Marchantia, mainly comprise multilayer tissues, and even if microscopes can reach the needed depth, their geometry hinders the selection and subsequent analysis of the optical volumes of interest. Computational tools to “peel” tissues by removing specific layers and reducing 3D volume into planar images, can critically improve visualization and analysis.

Results

We developed VolumePeeler, a versatile FIJI plugin for virtual 3D “peeling” of image stacks. The plugin implements spherical and spline surface projections. We applied VolumePeeler to perform peeling in 3D images of spherical embryos, as well as non-spherical tissue layers. The produced images improve the 3D volume visualization and enable analysis and quantification of geometrically challenging microscopy datasets.

Availability

ImageJ/FIJI software, source code, examples, and tutorials are openly available in https://cimt.uchile.cl/mcerda
Platelet miRNAs: differential expression in coronary artery disease and associations with course of left ventricular systolic function
Authors: Goldschmied Andreas , Drotleff Bernhard , Winter Stefan , Schaeffeler Elke , Schwab Matthias , Gawaz Meinrad , Geisler Tobias , Rath Dominik
Published: July 2023

Background

MicroRNAs are paramount in post transcriptional gene regulation. We investigated platelet miRNAs in patients with CAD and examined potential associations with course of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%).

Materials and methods

In a first cohort, 62 MiRNAs were measured in platelets of 100 patients suffering from CAD. Expression profiles of individuals with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and MI were compared (CCS n = 67, MI n = 33). Also, associations between miRNA profiles and change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) were investigated. In a second cohort of patients suffering from CCS (n = 10), MI (n = 11) or no CAD (n = 13), we measured miRNA expression in platelets, platelet supernatant and serum. This was carried out before and after in vitro platelet activation with CRP.

Results

Platelet miRNAs 103a-3p and 155-5p demonstrated higher expression in patients with CCS then in individuals with MI. Furthermore, multiple miRNAs were significantly higher expressed in matched controls compared to MI patients. 8 miRNAs showed higher expression in patients with improving LVEF% after a 1-year follow-up. In our second cohort, we found higher concentrations of 6 miRNAs in the platelet supernatant of patients with CCS, MI and no CAD after in vitro platelet activation. Most of these miRNAs showed a higher abundance in serum of MI patients as compared to CCS.

Conclusion

Several miRNAs show higher expression in platelets of CCS compared to MI. After in vitro platelet activation, a release of multiple miRNAs out of the thrombocyte was observed. Furthermore, upregulation of serum miRNAs was found in MI patients when compared to CCS patients and individuals without CAD. Hence, platelets could present a source of upregulated circulating miRNAs in MI and additionally affect course of LVEF%.
Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY – results from the ENJOY program for independence in dementia: a feasibility pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Levinger Pazit , Goh Anita M. Y. , Dunn Jeremy , Katite Josephine , Paudel Ritu , Onofrio Adrian , Batchelor Frances , Panisset Maya G. , Hill Keith D.
Published: July 2023

The Seniors Exercise Park program is an evidence-based outdoor physical and social activity program designed originally for older people with no cognitive impairment. This study aimed to pilot this program for people living with dementia in residential aged care. We examined the feasibility of delivering the program, evaluating its structure, safety, and supervision needs. In addition, physical, social, health and cognitive benefits of participation were examined.

Method

This was a feasibility pilot randomised controlled design. Adults aged ≥ 60 years with symptoms of dementia and/or diagnoses of dementia were recruited from an aged care facility in Australia. Participants allocated to the intervention underwent a 12-week structured supervised physical activity program using the outdoor Seniors Exercise Park equipment followed by a 12-week maintenance phase, while the controls received usual care programs. Assessments occurred at baseline, 12 and 24-weeks. Feasibility evaluation included recruitment rate, retention, attendance, overall adherence, dropout rate, adverse events, program delivery modifications and supervision requirements. A suite of cognitive and health-related questionnaires and physical function measures were also collected.

Results

Sixteen participants were recruited (recruitment rate: 58.6%), eight for the intervention (83.3 ± 7.5 years, 87.5% women) and eight for the control (age 87.5 ± 3.0 years, 87.5% women). Eighty-eight percent completed the 12-week structured program, with 75% retention at 24-weeks. Across the 24-week period, 84.3% participation adherence was reported. No falls or adverse events occurred. Modifications of the program mainly related to method of communication, cueing and adjustments to suit individual personality and characteristics. A ratio of one trainer to two participants was practical and safe. There were no significant changes over time between groups in any of the secondary outcomes. High level of engagement, enjoyment and mood was reported throughout the exercise program.

Conclusion

The Seniors Exercise Park physical activity program was safe and feasible for people living with dementia in residential care, with high levels of enjoyment, positive attitude, and engagement reported in the intervention group. Individualised communication during program delivery was needed to facilitate motivation and participation. Further research is needed to assess the program effectiveness on physical and cognitive function on a larger scale.

Trial registration

This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry—Registry Number ACTRN12620000733976. Registered on the 13/07/2020.
Is there a ubiquitous association between sleep disorder and frailty? findings from LASI (2017–18)
Authors: Aditi  , Singh S. K. , Jaiswal Ajit K. , Verma Madhur
Published: July 2023

Background

Relatively little is known about how sleep disorders affect frailty of seniors. The study uses Fried's frailty index, to investigate the relationship between sleep disorder and frailty among older Indian adults.

Methods

The study analysed Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–18) data which uses a multistage stratified area probability cluster sampling design. The association between frailty was studied for which the total sample size was 31,902. The principal dependent variable was frailty. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were presented in the study. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the study objectives to find the possible association.

Results

The prevalence of frailty in India was 21.3 percent. Older adults with sleep disorder had 66 percent higher likelihood to be frail than their counterparts. The benefits of physical activity in containing frailty is huge, the association were quite high. Poor Self-rated health was significantly associated with higher frailty (OR = 1.73; CI = 1.47–2.04).

Conclusions

Frailty is an enormously growing public health issue and has bi-directional relation with sleep disorders. The study has clinical relevance since sleep complaints offer a means for identifying those who are vulnerable to frailty and through appropriate intervention, the causes of sleep disorder would help to delay and in some cases reverse frailty.
Booster vaccinations and Omicron: the effects on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Dutch blood donors
Authors: Quee F. A. , Hogema B. M. , Slot E. , Kruijer S. , Molier M. , van den Hurk K. , Zaaijer H. L.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) booster vaccination campaign and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants impact the prevalence and levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Netherlands. In this study we determined antibody levels across age groups, the impact of Omicron variant infections, and the effect of booster vaccinations on antibody levels.

Methods

In September and December 2021 and in February 2022, over 2000 Dutch blood donors were tested for presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Donations were selected based on age, sex, and region of residence, to provide an optimal coverage and representation of the Dutch population.

Results

Levels of vaccination-induced spike antibodies decreased over time in all age groups. Donors vaccinated with Janssen or AstraZeneca had significantly lower antibody levels than donors vaccinated with Pfizer or Moderna vaccine. Boostering with an mRNA vaccine elevated antibody levels in all age-groups irrespective of the initial vaccine. In donors aged < 56 years, the proportion of infected donors almost doubled between December 2021 and February 2022.

Conclusion

The booster vaccination campaign increased antibody levels in all age-groups. After a booster vaccination, donors initially vaccinated with AstraZeneca or Janssen vaccine showed antibody levels similar to donors initially vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in the Netherlands caused a substantial increase in donors with infection-induced antibodies, especially among younger donors.