bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Table of Contents & Editorial
Authors: Boggs William
Published: July 2020

Yoga therapy continues to flourish, thanks in part to the growing body of research evidence supporting its effectiveness in a variety of settings. This issue of IJYT advances the trend through articles that demonstrate the value of yoga therapy in improving the physical and psychological status of individuals with Parkinson's disease, in easing the transition of teenage girls from incarceration to participation in society, and in improving the flexibility of elderly individuals. As with the majority of articles accepted (and, alas, rejected) for acceptance into the Journal, the bulk of yoga therapy research has focused on the use of asana to address challenges ranging from the physical to the psychological.
A Study on the Therapeutic Potential of Some Hathayogic Methods in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Virendra
Published: July 2020

In this modern era Allopathy and Ayurveda are two leading systems of medicine which have been advocated for maintaining normal health. Of the two,Allopathy has been widely used because it often provides instant relief. However,the high cost and side effects of modern drugs are often serious hazards in this approach.
Resistance and Release in Yoga Practice
Authors: Lynn Brian
Published: July 2020

Objectively, when the whole body is involved in active stretching, there is a strong tendency to overstretch what is already loose and understretch what is tight. The stretch reflex, which is the reflex shortening of muscles after stretching, will be activated. It will be most strongly activated in the most tense areas. This is counterproductive to the overall project Yoga of releasing the body. The usual solution is detailed teaching intervention so that stretching is more balanced throughout the body. But this just makes the whole process unnecessarily complicated. Also, stretching usually must be repeated daily to maintain flexibility because of the reactions of shortening that it predictably evokes. These are objective reasons for not stretching.
An Integrative Approach to Yoga Therapy
Authors: LePage Joseph
Published: July 2020

The traditional elements of yoga are the basis of this approach to Yoga Therapy: yoga postures (Asana), breathing (Pranayama), deep relaxation (Yoga Nidra) and yoga psychology (Yoga Sutras of Patanjali) Yoga Therapy facilitates health and healing at the level of the body, balance at the level of the mind and emotions, and awakens us to the spiritual dimension of living.
Yoga and Cardiovascular Function
Authors: Thomas Andrew
Published: July 2020

In the sporting world it has become accepted that hard exercise, like running,automatically strengthens the heart and improves circulation.

This is a widely held belief and yet one seldom questioned. This article sets out to offer an alternative way of examining the concept of cardiovascular fitness and postulates that exercise may even have an opposite effect. The role of Yoga is then examined.
The Nasal Cycle: Observations over Prolonged Periods of Time
Authors: Funk Edwin , Clarke John
Published: July 2020

Ancient yoga texts concerned with the study of breathing patterns, or pranayama, have remarked upon a regular alternation of nasal flow through one nostril and then the other.

In addition to an underlying cycle, certain activities and psychological conditions were noted to be associated with predominant flow through one particular nostril. Right nostril dominance, for instance, was associated with outward directedness, more vigorous activity and also certain physiologic states such as occur in the digestion of food. Left nostril predominance was related to more, quiet, receptive moods.
The Artist as Yogi, The Yogi as Artist
Authors: Mahony William
Published: July 2020

In a poem in which he reflected on the source of the creative impulse1, Martin Heidegger wrote that "We never come to thoughts. They come to us."

The transformative genius, as the philosopher experienced it, enters one's being from the outside in a moment of inspiration which Heidegger likened to the moment

When through a rent in the rain-clouded sky a ray of the sun suddenly glides over the gloom of the meadows...
When the Therapist is a Yogi: Integrating Yoga and Psychotherapy
Authors: Keane W. Michael
Published: July 2020

Each day the psychotherapist is witness to the struggling and suffering of human beings. He is a listener, a problem-solver, a priest, a shaman, a parent, a consultant, a friend, a teacher, a seeker, an explorer, and a container for deep emotions. Sometimes he is a yogi and a meditator.
Guided Imagery for Healing
Authors: Lusk Julie
Published: July 2020

For yogis and yoginis, it comes as no surprise that the mind and body are one. Scientists and medical professionals are confirming this fact through rigorous studies and research.

They report that controlled breathing, deep relaxation and directed, guided imagery can boost the immune system, alter blood pressure, decrease pain and help with problems such as infertility and insomnia.
A Preliminary Report on the Use of the McKenzie Protocol versus Williams' Protocol in the Treatment of Low-back Pain
Authors: Ponte David , Jensen Gail , Kent Barbara
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Williams' or McKenzie protocol of treatment was more effective in both decreasing pain and hastening the return of pain-free range of lumbar spine movement.
Bone, Breath, and Gesture: Practices of Embodiment
Authors: Kleinman Steven
Published: July 2020

This book is a fascinating anthology that should be of great benefit to serious yoga students, teachers, and therapists. The book's purpose is to introduce the reader to a wide variety of embodiment (mind/body integration) teachings that have been and continue to be practiced in North America and Europe.
Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Atherosclerosis?
Authors: Ornish Dean
Published: July 2020

Most physicians are familiar with the evidence linking diet, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise, and emotional stress to the development of coronary heart disease. These relationships imply that it might be possible to arrest or even reverse the course of coronary disease by lifestyle changes that reduce cardiovascular risks. Studies my colleagues and I have conducted to evaluate a comprehensive life-change program – combining a strict low-fat vegetarian diet,moderate aerobic exercise, abstinence from smoking, and stress management training – have shown measurable regression of disease in patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis.
Yoga Psychology and Yoga Therapy
Authors: Radha Swami Sivananda
Published: July 2020

Every man and woman is a bridge between two worlds, the material and the mental. The body is the material tangible side, subject to its own laws; the mind, which uses the body as a tool of expression (frequently violating the physical laws), has its own realm of time and space where it roams about, often undirected or misdirected. The body is material – the bones, muscles,blood, and everything that makes up the cells. The brain, too, is material. The mind, however, is immaterial and intangible; we can only become aware of it through its manifestation in thought and other functions.
The Dance of Grace and Will: Getting it Together in the Real World
Authors: Dreaver Jim
Published: July 2020

A balanced, harmonious, successful life is truly a dance of Grace and will. Through meditation, through opening to feelings, to our feminine side, our spiritual nature, we become more receptive to the mystery of Grace. Grace manifests itself as beauty, wonder, joy,compassion, love. Without these qualities, life is empty, barren, meaningless. Without the healing influence of Grace, the ego, with its ceaseless demands, its constant dissatisfaction and its endless quest for security, tends to dominate our lives.
Table of Contents & Editorial
Authors: Kleinman Steven
Published: July 2020

I feel privileged and honored to assume the position of editor of the IAYT Journal. I am indebted to Richard Miller, the founding editor of the Journal, for his help and guidance in preparing this issue and for his untiring efforts over the past six years in establishing the high professional standard of the Journal.
Good News
Authors: Feuerstein Georg
Published: July 2020

Last summer, I learned from my friend Larry Payne, Ph.D., cofounder of The International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT), that the Association was behind schedule in publishing its annual journal. Several months later, Larry and I discussed how I might help with producing the journal, but soon it became obvious that a more radical step was indicated.
The Breath That Moves Us
Authors: Farhi Donna , Crowe Stephen
Published: July 2020

For many years I have had a consuming question in my own Yoga practice and in my work as a teacher. The question takes many forms, but it can be boiled down to this: What does it mean to breathe naturally? To ask the question, one must believe,as I do, that the body possesses an intrinsic wisdom, a belief founded in both scientific and experiential understanding. At first the question appears simple, but like most such things, its apparent simplicity belies the extraordinary depth of experience that arises in its asking.
Adult Psychological Development and the Practice of Kripalu Yoga: A Jungian Perspective
Authors: Cornell Laura
Published: July 2020

From an Eastern viewpoint, the psychology of Yoga is clearly explained in Patanjali's Yoga-Sutra. According to Patanjali, Yoga is the stilling of the thought waves of the mind, a process that occurs over a long period of sustained practice. Through discrimination (viveka), we are able to disengage ourselves from identification with changing emotions and experiences. Our progress in Yoga is furthered through practicing the "limbs" of the eightfold path: yama (moral discipline), niyama (self-restraint), asana(posture), pranayama (breath expansion), pratyahara (sense withdrawal), dharana(concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi (ecstatic absorption). According to Patanjali, the fruit of these practices is the "seer," the witnessing Self, residing in its true nature (see Stoler Miller 1995).
Aspects of Contemporary Yoga Therapy
Authors: Serber Ellen
Published: July 2020

At the center of Yoga lie both the desire for transformation and the recognition that we need not change anything, that our true nature need only be uncovered. The uncovering of this essence is approached differently by different teachers, but all agree that physical and mental suffering must be addressed in the journey toward self-realization. To focus on the suffering, however, and not the freedom beyond it, would be an error. Yet it also would be incorrect to overlook pain, for it is the first barrier we approach in the process of self-awareness.
Face to Face: The Student-Teacher Relationship and Private Yoga Classes
Authors: Lasater Judith
Published: July 2020

The student-teacher relationship is at the heart of learning and teaching Yoga. This article discusses issues arising from that relationship such as the importance of boundaries, the power of clarity, and the need the student has to be heard and understood not only with the mind but with the heart. Bringing modern-day understandings to the student-teacher relationship can serve to integrate Yoga into our culture as well as to protect the student and the teacher as they commit together to the practice of Yoga.
Neurophysiology of Yoga Meditation
Authors: King Roy , Brownstone Ann
Published: July 2020

Recent neuroimaging studies of brain function have led to an explosion of knowledge about psychological processes and states. In this paper functional brain imaging studies of Yoga meditation are reviewed. Tantra-based meditations activate frontal and occipital cortical regions involved in focused, sustained attention and visual imagery. The overall pattern of brain activation in Tantra-based meditations is similar to that of self-hypnosis but different from that of sleep onset. Pure consciousness, the ultimate aim of Vedanta-based meditation, also activates frontal cortical areas regulating focused attention but deactivates sensory areas involved in imagery. Functional brain imaging studies thus support the distinction between meditation with conceptual support and pure-consciousness meditation without conceptual support, a distinction that appears throughout Yoga meditation texts. Brain imaging investigations also explain how Yoga therapy may be helpful to those with anxiety disorders by reducing activity in brain regions linked to the processing of negative emotions.
A Method of Real-Time Tsunami Detection Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Satake Kenji , Maeda Takuto , Shinohara Masanao , Sakai Shin’ichi
Published: July 2020

We propose a method of real-time tsunami detection using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). EEMD decomposes the time series into a set of intrinsic mode functions adaptively. The tsunami signals of ocean-bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) are automatically separated from the tidal signals, seismic signals, as well as background noise. Unlike the traditional tsunami detection methods, our algorithm does not need to make a prediction of tides. The application to the actual data of cabled OBPGs off the Tokohu coast shows that it successfully detects the tsunami from the 2016 Fukushima earthquake (M 7.4). The method was also applied to the extremely large tsunami from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0) and extremely small tsunami from the 1998 Sanriku earthquake (M 6.4). The algorithm detected the former huge tsunami that caused devastating damage, whereas it did not detect the latter microtsunami, which was not noticed on the coast. The algorithm was also tested for month-long OBPG data and caused no false alarm. Therefore, the algorithm is very useful for a tsunami early warning system, as it does not require any earthquake information to detect the tsunamis. It detects the tsunami with a short-time delay and characterizes the tsunami amplitudes accurately.
Anxiolytic activity of hydro-alcohol extract of Trema guineensis and its effect on behavioral activities of mice
Authors: Francois Bakou Niangoran , Fidele Kpahe Ziehi , Jules Horo Yodanatchio , Eugene Atayi
Published: July 2020

Background: Objective was to study the anxiolytic activity of hydro ethanolic extract of Trema guineensis.Methods: Male swiss albino mice were used. Hydro ethanolic extract of Trema guineensis was administered in the doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg IP hole board (HB), open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were used for determination of anxiolytic activity.Results: The hydro ethanolic extract of Trema guineensis significantly increased the number and duration of head poking in HB test. The extract also significantly increased the time spent and the number of entries in open arm in EPM. In OFT, the extract showed significant increase in number of rearing, assisted rearing and the squares crossed.Conclusions: In the present study, Trema guineensis exhibited anxiolytic activity which might be attributed to its phytoconstituents like alkaloid, steroid and triterpenes. Since Trema guineensis is ubiquitous and abundantly grown, it could be a fairly economical therapeutic agent for management of anxiety disorders.
Impact of trigger factors on clinical profile of migraine patients
Authors: Banday Muddasir Sharief , Wani Maqbool , Para Bilal Ahmad , Qureshi Sabia
Published: July 2020

Background: Migraine is a primary headache disorder. The study was designed to provide a better understanding of the potential role of triggers in the cause of migraine and their impact on its clinical profile and treatment protocol.Methods: A prospective study was conducted between June 2018 to May 2020 in 323 patients suffering from migraine in out-patient department of neurology. Patients were labelled as migraine on the basis of simplified diagnostic criteria for migraine. A structured questionnaire was used to interview patients about triggers and correlated with various clinical variables.Results: All patients had migraine without aura with males 30 (9.3%) and females 293 (90.7%). Episodic migraine found more than chronic daily headache. Trigger factors were present in 234 (72.4%) and absent in 89 (27.6%) patients. Common triggers were hot climate, emotional stress, lack of sleep and fasting. Common foods to precipitate an attack are tomatoes, cheese and collard greens. Mean duration of headache in patients with trigger factors is 5.67±4.99 years with a significant p value (p<0.02). Mean frequency of headache in trigger positive patients is 15.22±8.28 (days/month). Clinical symptoms significant in trigger positive patients are nausea (p<0.0001) (OR=3.94;95% CI=2.02-7.68),vomiting (p=0.0001) (OR=2.62;95% CI=1.50-4.59), photophobia (p<0.0001) (OR=2.69;95% CI=1.56-4.64), phonophobia (p<0.0001) (OR=5.16; 95% CI=2.54-47), pulsating headache (p=0.006) (OR=2.09; 95% CI=1.22-3.56), unilateral location (p<0.0001) (OR=2.88; 95% CI=1.74-4.77).Conclusions: Triggers are not easily modifiable, and avoiding triggers may not be realistic. Healthy life style like exercise, adequate sleep, stress management and eating regularly may prevent triggers and transformation to chronification over time.
Study on drug related problems in tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment
Authors: Ranjani G. , Evariste Sabushimitse , Mohanta Guru Prasad , Paari N.
Published: July 2020

Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. The aim of this study to identify and document the drug related problems in tuberculosis patients under anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) in an attempt to promote adherence, reduce the drug related problems and improve success rate in TB treatment. The main objective of the study to identify the drug related problems in tuberculosis patients on ATT and second objective measure the medication adherence and counsel patients to improve medication adherence.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Raja Muthiah Medical College Hospital for 6 months from November 2018 to April 2019. The study was approved by Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IHEC).Results: Total 101 drug related problems have been identified in 70 patients using pharmaceutical care network of Europe classification. Drug interactions 41.58% was the most common drug related problems found, which was clinically significant in tuberculosis patients with co- morbidities. Insufficient awareness of health and disease 21.75% was the second most common drug related problems found, 16.83% drug choice problems found. Nearly 64% of the enrolled patients were found to be non-adherence during pre-patient counselling. After the patient counselling the adherent rate was improved 74%.Conclusions: The study concludes that pharmacist provided patient counselling found to have significant influence on improvement in the patient’s knowledge towards their disease and medication, and adherence to prescribed therapy which helps to improve the clinical outcome of TB patients.
How effective is intra-cuff lignocaine in reducing post-operative sore throat and emergence cough: a comparative study
Authors: Abraham Jithin Mathew , Abraham Saramma , Varghese Sangeetha Merrin
Published: July 2020

Background: Sore throat and cough during emergence are common side effects of general anaesthesia and its incidence is reported by 30-70% of patients after tracheal intubation. Also, not to forget the hemodynamic fluctuations associated with it, adds on to the magnitude of the problem. Thinking of a simple and cost-effective way to tackle this problem, this study was undertaken to determine the benefits of using intra-cuff lignocaine to prevent post intubation sore throat and emergence cough. The objective of this study to assess the efficacy of intra-cuff 2% lignocaine solution, in reducing emergence cough and post-operative sore throat after extubation in general surgery patients intubated for 2-4 hours.Methods: A prospective observational study where 100 ASA I and II status patients divided into 2 groups of 50 each was compared. In one group ETT cuff was filled with air, while in the other group, 2% plain lignocaine solution was used. Side effects like sore throat, coughing and blood pressure changes were assessed. Chi square and t-tests were used to compare the findings.Results: Among those patients where intra-cuff lignocaine was used, only 27.5% complained of sore throat and 12.5% had emergence cough, whereas among those patients where intra-cuff air was used, 72.5% had post-operative sore throat and 87.5% of patients had cough on emergence.Conclusions: This study proves that 2% intra-cuff lignocaine is an effective method in reducing post-operative sore throat and emergence cough and thereby beneficial in controlling the hemodynamic changes associated with emergence.
A prospective comparative efficacy of azilsartan and telmisartan in hypertensive patients
Authors: R. Velvizhy , Pandian J. Johan
Published: July 2020

Background: Hypertension (HT) is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure of greater than 140 mmHg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mmHg, according to joint national committee (JNC VIII) on hypertension.Methods: A prospective, open, randomized parallel group comparative study of AZL versus telmisartan was done in patients of stage-I HT. The study included 80 patients, 40 in each group (group I and group II) coming to the Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Pondicherry from January 2016 to December 2017. The study was conducted over 8 weeks. Group-I, patients received azilsartan 40-80 mg per day in divided doses and group-II, patients received telmisartan 40-80 mg per day in divided doses according to severity of hypertension.Results: Patients receiving AZL 40 mg and telmisartan 40 mg showed a significant fall (p<0.05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, when compared to baseline. The difference in SBP and DBP between group I (AZL) and II (telmisartan) was statistically significant at 4 weeks (p<0.05) and was highly significant at 8 weeks (p<0.001). Adverse effects such as nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, headache, dizziness, and fatigue were reported with both drugs.Conclusions: Reduction of BP with AZL was more as compared to telmisartan at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups.
Drug utilization study of anti-hypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ahluwalia Pritpal Singh , Baig Mirza Shiraz , Bhattacharya Meenakshi
Published: July 2020

Background: The increasing prevalence of hypertension influence the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drug. Prescribing against evidence-based guidelines in hypertension treatment leads to the increase cost of medications and problems in providing affordable prescriptions to population. The aim of present study was to analyse anti-hypertensive prescribing pattern in Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Study was prospective, observational, open label and descriptive clinical study. It included 336 patients admitted in MICU during January 2018 to June 2019 fulfilling inclusion criteria.Results: 54.46% patients were between 51-70 years of age, followed by 33.63% in 31 to 50 age group. Of total enrolled hypertensive patients 69% patients had various comorbidities. Drug prescribed was 28.27% ARBs, 26.84% CCBs, 17.62% beta blockers, 6.14% high ceiling diuretics, 4.50% ACE inhibitors, 2.45% thiazide diuretics and 2.04% received alpha blocker. As monotherapy, 31.82% patients received telmisartan as most commonly prescribed drug followed by 27.31% patients received Amlodipine followed by other drugs. In combination therapy telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide was prescribed most commonly followed by beta blocker and CCB and ARB and CCB. 33.60% of drugs were prescribed in generic names while 66.39% of drugs prescribed in brand names. Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.45 of which 33.60% of drugs were prescribed by generic names.Conclusions: With average number of drugs per prescription in hypertension 1.45, the study showed that poly pharmacy is unavoidable in hypertension due to associated comorbid conditions.
Evaluation of pharmacotherapy in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit of a south Indian tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kashyap S. Ananth , M. N. Balaji , Angadi Harsh , S. Prashanth , P. L. Basavanna , Joshi Hanumanthachar
Published: July 2020

Background: Evaluating the pharmacotherapy is essential at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to identify and understand pattern and variability in drug use in polypharmacy, also to promote interventions that will improve patient outcomes.Methods: In our study, we audited pharmacotherapy of 300 neonates and 100 pediatric patients admitted to NICU and PICU from November 2018 to February 2019. WHO-CORE prescribing indicators, WHO-ATC system and WHO-ICD 10th version was used to evaluate pharmacotherapy and to understand the pattern and extent of medication use and to systematically classify drugs and diseases respectively.Results: A total of 1207 medications containing 34 unique active ingredients were prescribed for 300 neonates with an average of 4.02 (±2.0) drugs per neonate admitted to NICU and the most prescribed drugs were anti-infectives for systemic use 799. A total of 976 medications containing 69 unique active ingredients were prescribed with an average of 9.76 (±3.81) per pediatric patients admitted to PICU with anti-infectives for systemic use 331 tops the list. More than 75% of drugs was prescribed in generic name with 98% constant availability of key drugs at intensive care unit.Conclusions: This study substantiates the need for reinforcement of institutional antibiotic policies as antibiotics are widely prescribed and there is an increase trend of antibiotic resistance at critical care unit, assessment of WHO core prescribing indicators are reflective of quality care revealing the awareness about strict monitoring of pharmacotherapy.
A cost variation analysis of various brands of oral anti-diabetic drugs currently available in Indian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Shyam Sharvari , Mahanthegowda Bhavya Darshini
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder requiring lifelong treatment. There are a large number of anti-diabetic drugs available in the Indian market.  The cost of drugs plays an important role in patient’s care, warranting the need for all physicians to keep themselves updated with the latest prices and price variation of various brands of anti-diabetic drugs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost of oral anti-diabetic drugs of different brands currently available in the Indian market.Methods: Cost of oral anti-diabetic drugs manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained. The percentage price variation and cost ratio for each formulation was calculated.Results: In sulfonylurea group of drugs, maximum price variation was seen in glimepiride 1mg 1366% and minimum was seen in glipizide 2.5 mg 17%. In non-sulfonylurea group of drugs, a maximum variation was seen in metformin 500 mg 809% and a minimum variation was seen in acarbose 100 mg 10%. Among the fixed dose combination therapy, glimepiride 2 mg and metformin 500 mg showed the highest price variation 555% and pioglitazone 7.5 mg and metformin 500 mg showed the least price variation 8%.Conclusions: Our study showed that there is a very high price variation for oral anti-diabetic drugs by different brands. Since diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness, cost of the drug plays an important role in compliance to the treatment regimen. It is necessary to bring awareness regarding this wide variation in prices, such that the drug costs can be reduced and made more affordable to the common man.
Utilization of drug in patients admitted with abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Govindasamy Dhivya , Karunakaran Padmavathi , Ramesh Rajalakshmi , Paramasivamsasanger Kamalavarshini , Ponnusamy Rajalakshmi
Published: July 2020

Background: The objective of the study was assessing utilization of drug in patients admitted with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The observational study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, from the period of July 2019 to September 2019. A total 30 gynecology patients were included.Results: A total 30 patients most of the patients were between the age groups of 36-45 years 66.6%. The most common clinical condition AUB and co-morbidities condition were 19 (63.3%). The majority of patient were prescribed with ferrous sulfate 27 (90%). The defined daily dose (DDD) per patient for norethisterone 36 followed by ferrous sulfate 23.11. The average number of drugs per prescription 10.8, percentage of drug prescribed in generic name 69.56% and number of drugs prescribed from NLEM-2015 86.95%, number of drugs prescribed from EDL-2019 were 69.56% and percentage of prescription with antibiotic 80%, percentage of prescription with injection 70%.Conclusions: This study has shown the utilization of drugs prescribed in AUB patient. The most commonly prescribed drug was ferrous sulfate and most prescribed antifibrinolytic drug was tranexamic acid for treating AUB.
An approach of clinical pharmacist pertaining to solve drug related problems in pediatric patients
Authors: Suwitha S. , Fardan Mohammed , Shaji Aswathy M. , Joe Jimmer , Hasif K. , Priya A. , Yadav K. Arun Chander
Published: July 2020

Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the outcomes of clinical pharmacist intervention in solving drug related problems in pediatric patients and to identify the drug related problems in accordance with the causes observed.Methods: It was a prospective observational study done over a period of six months (October 2019 to March 2020) at Apollo children’s hospital in Chennai.Results: Total of 480 subjects were enrolled into the study, out of which 248 were male children and 232 were female children. The patients were divided into 4 age groups. In this study 60.41% pediatric patients were prescribed with less than 5 drugs 290 (60.41%). Drug related problems which were identified during the study was classified according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) and drug-related problem (DRP) classification (v9.00). The most frequent DRP was drug choice problem 37 (33.33%). The total number of caused drug related problems was 73 and same number of interventions was given by clinical pharmacist. The most frequent cause of drug related problems was identified as dose selection 31 (42.46%). Outcomes of interventions revealed that 70 (95.89%) problems were solved overall.Conclusions: In this study, clinical pharmacist’s level of involvement has shown interesting results. Moreover, they play an essential role in improving patient safety and outcome, reducing cost and providing quality of care for ill patients.
Tigecycline: pharmacological concerns and resistance
Authors: Paudel Rama , Nepal Hari P.
Published: July 2020

Tigecycline, a semisynthetic derivative of minocycline, has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram positive and gram negative multidrug resistant bacteria.  The drug acts on 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. Since the drug has excellent tissue distribution, it is very useful for treatment of skin infections, intra-abdominal infections and pneumonia. Side effects of the drug are usually mild. The common side effects include nausea and vomiting. The exact mechanism of resistance remains unclear. However, resistance mediated by enhanced expression of resistance nodulation cell division (RND) type efflux pumps is one of the most frequently reported mechanisms. Resistance has been observed worldwide. However, the rate of resistance is low.
Status of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Shahani Savita Ramesh , Shahani Lokesh R.
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 causing virus is a single stranded RNA virus which has spread across the globe causing human respiratory tract infection. The novel virus which started from Wuhan was named as Wuhan coronavirus or 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCov) by the Chinese researchers. The international committee on taxonomy of viruses named the virus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease as COVID-19. There is preliminary in vitro evidence of the ability of CQ and HCQ to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity. Various small group clinical studies conducted in china indicated efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 cases but results were inconclusive. Based on these studies national agencies in various countries issued guidelines mentioning that chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are only to be used in clinical trials or emergency use programs. However, USFDA does not recommend use of both these drugs for treatment of COVID-19 cases. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are known to produce dose dependent toxicity including fatal arrhythmias therefore its possible benefit has to be assessed against its risk. Large number of international and national studies are ongoing to assess exact status of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 infection. Based on these results ICMR recommend to use hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in India and hydroxychloroquine has been is included  in schedule H1 hence they can be sold by pharmaceutical chemists only strictly with a valid prescription and require record to be maintained but chloroquine is still under schedule H which require to be sold with prescription.
Alteraciones neurológicas en pacientes con enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1 en un hospital pediátrico en México: serie de casos
Authors: Quiroz Saavedra Andrea Del Rocío , Munive Baes Leticia , Carbajal Rodríguez Luis
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Gaucher es la esfingolipidosis más común causada por mutaciones del gen GBA1, ubicado en el cromosoma 1 (1q21), que codifica la enzima glucocerebrosidasa. La presentación clínica de la enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1 (EG1) es variable, aunque la característica más importante es la ausencia de deterioro neurológico.OBJETIVO: Describir las características demográficas y las manifestaciones neurológicas de pacientes con enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Se incluyeron los expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico genético, enzimático, o ambos, de enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2018.RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 7 pacientes de género masculino con enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1. Durante el examen físico no se identificó deterioro neurológico progresivo, sino características aisladas no concluyentes.CONCLUSIONES: Las manifestaciones neurológicas de la enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1 son inespecíficas. Es importante realizar evaluaciones neurofisiológicas anuales completas y evaluaciones neurocognitivas para conocer mejor el perfil neurológicode la enfermedad.
Marcha en inversión
Authors: Migoya Nuño Alfonso , Unda Haro José Pablo , Capuano Tripp Pola
Published: July 2020

El caminar de los niños, conocido como marcha, no es homogéneo, pues varía de uno a otro según su edad. En los primeros 8 años de vida la marcha va perfeccionándose a medida que se adquieren habilidades, hasta que logran caminar de forma similar a los adultos. En este lapso, una variante muy frecuente es la “marcha en inversión de pies”, que se define como el desplazamiento o rotación de las puntas de los pies hacia la línea media.
Medidas de bioseguridad en la manipulación de medicamentos citotóxicos y signos y síntomas de la exposición al riesgo en el personal de enfermería
Authors: Pérez Villa Marjorie
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Las terapias ofrecidas a los pacientes con cáncer, incluidos los medicamentos citotóxicos, generan un alto riesgo para los profesionales de la salud involucrados en el proceso de atención del paciente; por tanto, todo el personal, incluido el de enfermería, debe contar con las medidas de seguridad necesarias para evitar la aparición o el aumento de efectos no deseados para su salud.

Objetivo. Describir las medidas de bioseguridad adecuadas para la manipulación de medicamentos citotóxicos y los signos clínicos y síntomas producto de la exposición a estos fármacos en el personal de enfermería de una institución de salud para adultos de Envigado, Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el personal de enfermería que tuviera a su cargo el cuidado de pacientes oncológicos en una institución de salud de alta complejidad del municipio de Envigado durante el primer semestre del 2018. A los participantes se les aplicó una encuesta autodiligenciable, en la cual se registraron datos sociodemográficos, laborales, de salud y medidas de protección personal para la administración y manipulación de citostáticos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos.

Resultados. Participaron 51 trabajadores con una mediana de edad de 33 años (RIQ=8); el 90 % pertenecía al servicio de hospitalización. Los síntomas manifestados más frecuentes fueron cefalea (64,7 %), dolor abdominal (25,5 %) y mareo (25,5 %). El 98 % de los participantes contaba con los suministros y elementos personales para la manipulación de citotóxicos, pero solo el 19,6 % había recibido capacitación sobre el manejo de estos medicamentos.

Conclusiones. Se deben realizar capacitaciones al personal de salud para que identifiquen en su área de trabajo los riesgos a los que se encuentran expuestos y así adopten las medidas de bioseguridad necesarias para desempeñar sus labores diarias.
Biomarcadores en película lagrimal y su aplicación clínica.
Authors: Duran Cristiano Sandra Carolina
Published: July 2020

El fluido lagrimal se caracteriza por ser una mezcla de moléculas que incluye proteínas, lípidos, metabolitos, entre otros; estas moléculas juegan un papel importante en la fisiopatología de distintas enfermedades, por lo cual las lágrimas han sido de gran interés para la comunidad científica en la búsqueda de biomarcadores y en el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas para enfermedades sistémicas y oculares. La poca invasividad y el bajo riesgo al obtener la lágrima la convierten en una interesante muestra en comparación con algunos fluidos corporales que pueden ser mucho más costosos y molestos para su obtención. Lo anterior ha sido demostrado en diversos estudios que sugieren estrategias para obtener la muestra e indican un posterior análisis mediante avanzadas técnicas de biología molecular y celular, entre ellas los análisis ómicos, que han logrado una mejor caracterización lagrimal.

Los análisis ómicos han contribuido en la identificación diferencial de distintas moléculas que pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y/o tratamiento de enfermedades oculares y sistémicas. Por tanto, el propósito del presente artículo fue describir las diferentes características del fluido lagrimal, así como los posibles candidatos de biomarcadores de patologías oculares y sistémicas reportados.
Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente
Authors: Aristizabal Chantal
Published: July 2020

La tuberculosis (TB) es la enfermedad bacteriana infecciosa que más muertes causa en el mundo, panorama que puede empeorar debido a la drogorresistencia. La tuberculosis multidrogoresistente (TB-MDR), es decir la que presenta resistencia simultánea a isoniazida y rifampicina (principales fármacos antituberculosos), tiene una relevancia particular: de los 10 millones de personas que desarrollan TB anualmente, 458.000 presentan TB-MDR con un pronóstico mucho peor que el de los infectados por cepas sensibles. En el presente artículo se exploran los principales aspectos de la TB-MDR, haciendo énfasis en su tratamiento.
Problems and Countermeasures of Double Row Pile Support Structure of Deep Foundation Pit in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Sun Yaqi
Published: July 2020

With the development of geotechnical engineering, the double row pile support technology of deep foundation pit in geotechnical engineering has also been improved. However, at present, there are still problems, which affects the quality and safety of the whole geotechnical engineering, and requires measures to deal with them. This paper first describes the characteristics of double row pile support of deep foundation pit in geotechnical engineering, then analyzes the problems laying in it, and finally puts forward some countermeasures.
Study on Thermal Insulation Measures for Construction of Reinforcement Sleeve Grouting Connection in Winter
Authors: Zhu Fangzhen , Li Wenbo , Xing Benguo , Zhang Lulu
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the feasibility of winter construction of steel sleeve grouting connection is studied, and two technical schemes of thermal insulation measures for winter construction are provided. This paper mainly introduces the experimental research work of sleeve grouting by simulating winter construction, including test scheme, test operation flow, test equipment and test data collection and analysis. It is concluded that the thermal insulation measures of prefabricated wall panel covering electric heating blanket, XPS insulation board and sleeve outer wall winding electric companion heat preservation are feasible. Finally, according to the actual project case to verify the feasibility of thermal insulation measures, so that the project can progress smoothly, for similar projects in winter construction to provide reference and reference.
On Perturbation of Weighted G−Banach Frames in Banach Spaces
Authors: Singh Rathore Ghanshyam , Mittal Tripti
Published: July 2020

In the present paper, we study perturbation of weighted g−Banach frames in Banach spaces and obtain perturbation results for weighted g−Banach frames. Also, sufficient conditions for the perturbation of weighted g−Banach frames by positively confined sequence of scalars and uniformly scaled version of a given weighted g−Banach Bessel sequence have been given. Finally, we give a condition under which the sum of finite number of sequences of operators is a weighted g−Banach frame by comparing each of the sequences with another system of weighted g−Banach frames in Banach spaces.
On Different Relative Growth Factors of Entire Functions
Authors: Kumar Datta Sanjib , Dutta Banani , Biswas Nityagopal
Published: July 2020

In this paper we investigate some properties related to sum and product of different relative growth factors of an entire function with respect to another entire function in connection with a special type of non-decreasing, unbounded function ψ.
On B-Ideals in Semirings
Authors: Ravindra Bonde Dipak , Ninu Chaudhari Jayprakash
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion of B-ideal in a commutative semiring R. Then 1) A characterization of B-ideals in the Semiring of non-negative integers is obtained. 2) Relation between B-ideals in a semiring R containing a Q-ideal I of R and B-ideals in the quotient semiring R/I(Q) is obtained. Further study of k-Noetherian semirings is developed. Also B-ideals in polynomial semirings are studied.
Shift Balancing Numbers
Authors: Rayaguru S. G. , Panda G. K. , Davala R. K.
Published: July 2020

For each positive integer k, the Diophantine equation (k+1)+(k+2)+···+(n−1) = (n+1)+(n+2)+···+(n+r) is studied.
Some Results on the Extended Hypergeometric Function
Authors: Kumar Jana Ranjan , Maheshwari Bhumika , Kumar Shukla Ajay
Published: July 2020

An attempt is made to define the extended Pochhammer symbol (λ)n,α which leads to an extension of the classical hypergeometric functions. Differential equations and some properties have also been discussed.
A (0;0,2) Interpolation Method to Approximate Functions via Ultraspherical Polynomials
Authors: Srivastava R. , Singh Yamini
Published: July 2020

The object of this paper is to demonstrate the existence, explicit characterization and estimation of the polynomial interpolation, related to the weighted (0;0,2) interpolation which satisfies the boundary conditions together with the interpolation conditions at the interval [−1, 1].
РИНОК ЖИТЛОВОЇ НЕРУХОМОСТІ: ЙОГО СУТНІСТЬ I РОЛЬ У ФІНАНСОВО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ
Authors: Кузнєцова Анжела , Штейнгауз Дмитро
Published: July 2020

Процеси трансформації, що відбуваються у фінансовому секторі та зокрема в економіці, потребують змін у фінансово-кредитних інструментах для забезпечення ефективного функціонування ринку житлової нерухомості. Розглянуто нерухомість у п’ятьох площинах суспільного виміру: соціальній, економічній, правовій, фізичній, фінансово-інвестиційній. Для кращого розуміння унікальності нерухомості запропоновано враховувати її сутнісні характеристики з позиції їхнього розподілу на родові (притаманні нерухомості загалом) й особливі (пов’язані із специфікою житлової нерухомості). Представлено класифікацію видів житла за ознакою соціально-майнової стратифікації населення. Для ринку житлової нерухомості визначено три типи характерних ознак (атрибутів): родових атрибутів, спеціальних і специфічних ознак. В узагальненому варіанті наведено підходи, які вчені здебільшого застосовують для визначення поняття «ринок житлової нерухомості», та  сформульовано власне бачення щодо трактування цього поняття.
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF THE MECHANISMS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FINANCING
Authors: Хмелярчук Марія , Сундай Імо
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and conceptual mechanisms of financing sustainable development goals at the national and international levels. Numerous scientific publications of scientists, international scientific-practical conferences, congresses and  symposiums, which consider various sources and instruments of funding used to promote the sustainable development goals, taking into account the specifics of socio-economic development of different countries. The conceptual principles of financing sustainable development define the principle not only of economic but also social efficiency, which involves the use of various financial mechanisms to achieve key indicators of social and environmental stability in the world. From these positions the approaches of mechanisms of financing of sustainable development at the expense of the state allocations and investments, the credit mechanism of financing at the national and international levels, the international, public and private investments are considered. The author’s concept of sustainable development financing provides for the expediency of forming a system of mechanisms for adequate financing of sustainable development goals through international, national and private financial resources using various financial instruments and appropriate institutionalization of the financial system and sustainable development financing policy at national and international levels. According to the authors’ research, this approach is especially relevant for countries with developing economies and countries with economies in transition, where most of the sustainable development goals are unfulfilled, or lag behind and require significant resources to finance them.
NEW ENTITIES ON THE FINANCIAL MARKET — FINTECH, BIGTECH AND NEOBANK — REGULATION PROPOSAL
Authors: Фольварський Матеуш
Published: July 2020

Digitization of financial services and a decrease in trust in traditional financial institutions allow the emergence of new entities that provide services which were traditionally reserved for banks. FinTechs, BigTechs and neo-banks significantly affect the decline in revenues of traditional financial institutions. New entities, however, are not covered by such regulations as banks, and market regulators very often do not have instruments to supervise these companies. The article proposes to create lists of systemically important FinTechs, BigTechs and neobanks that can significantly affect financial stability.