bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenland Ice Sheet seasonal and spatial mass variability from model simulations and GRACE (2003–2012)
Authors: Alexander P. M. , Tedesco M. , Schlegel N.-J. , Luthcke S. B. , Fettweis X. , Larour E.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Improving the ability of regional climate models (RCMs) and ice sheet models (ISMs) to simulate spatiotemporal variations in the mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is crucial for prediction of future sea level rise. While several studies have examined recent trends in GrIS mass loss, studies focusing on mass variations at sub-annual and sub-basin-wide scales are still lacking. Here, we examine spatiotemporal variations in mass over the GrIS derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites for the 2003–2012 period using a "mascon" approach, with a nominal spatial resolution of 100 km, and a temporal resolution of 10 days. We compare GRACE-estimated mass variations against those simulated by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) RCM and the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). In order to properly compare spatial and temporal variations in GrIS mass from GRACE with model outputs, we find it necessary to spatially and temporally filter model results to reproduce leakage of mass inherent in the GRACE solution. Both modeled and satellite-derived results point to a decline (of −179 and −240 Gt yr−1 respectively) in GrIS mass over the period examined, but the models appear to underestimate the rate of mass loss, especially in areas below 2000 m in elevation, where the majority of recent GrIS mass loss is occurring. On an ice-sheet wide scale, the timing of the modeled seasonal cycle of cumulative mass (driven by summer mass loss) agrees with the GRACE-derived seasonal cycle, within limits of uncertainty from the GRACE solution. However, on sub-ice-sheet-wide scales, there are significant differences in the timing of peaks in the annual cycle of mass change. At these scales, model biases, or unaccounted-for processes related to ice dynamics or hydrology may lead to the observed differences. This highlights the need for further evaluation of modelled processes at regional and seasonal scales, and further study of ice sheet processes not accounted for, such as the role of sub-glacial hydrology in variations in glacial flow.
The Effect of the CAREY Program on the Students’ Reading Attitude towards Reading English Materials
Authors: Al-Shawesh Marwan Yahya , Hussin Supyan
Published: November 2015

Reading is one of language learning skills which has a great significance for the role it plays in the second language acquisition (SLA) process. The aim of this paper was to examine the extent to which the CAREY (Computer-Assisted Reading Yemen) program affects the Yemeni EFL students’ reading attitude towards reading English materials. To achieve this objective, the data was collected from pre-and post-questionnaires of reading attitude. Additionally, the data was collected based on an interview and an observation. 20 students selected purposively from level one of an English proficiency course, Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Ibb University, Yemen in this study. All participants answered the pre- and post- reading questionnaires, and five of them were further interviewed. The study used both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data including descriptive statistics of the responses from the questionnaires and thematic analysis of responses from the interviews. The results revealed that all participants showed their positive attitudes toward reading English materials especially after they joined the class of reading via CAREY program. In addition, it was found that CAREY program positively affected the participants’ attitudes towards reading English materials.
Frequency of Bacterial Agents Isolated From Patients With Chronic Sinusitis in Northern Iran
Authors: Pourmousa Rostam , Dadashzadeh Roksana , Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. Diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. The golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge.

Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of sinusitis in Iran, especially in Mazandaran province, in this study, bacteriological survey of patients with chronic sinusitis were done in order to help physicians in choosing better antibiotics for the empiric therapy of sinusitis.

METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The population of the study consisted of 100 patients with chronic sinusitis caused by bacteria admitted to the Avicenna teaching hospital. Sampling for bacterial culture was performed by the endoscopy method from middle meatus (a curved anteroposterior passage in each nasal cavity that is situated below the middle nasal concha and extends along the entire superior border of the inferior nasal concha) and the opening of the maxillary sinus. Also sampling of nasal cavity was performed to determine the microbial flora. Identification of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis was performed according to the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) was performed according to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 software. Also Fisher exact test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: Among the 100 evaluated patients, 58% were male. The average age was 34.2±1.1. The most common complaint of patients were nasal congestion and post-nasal drip. The most common bacteria found in the nasopharynx were Gram-positive bacillus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 20%, 16% and 15% respectively. Bacteria isolated from opening sinus were Gram-positive bacillus 24%, Enterobacter aerogenes 10%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus 18% and Staphylococcus aureus 19%.

CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prescription is often empiric in treatment of sinusitis. In our study resistance to some antibiotics such as penicillin subgroups that are used in treatment of chronic sinusitis was high. Due to the fact that the etiology of chronic sinusitis is not clearly understood, the frequency of all the common causative agents of this disease must be determined.
Determination of Effective Factors on Survival of GI Cancers: Results of Five Years Follow up in Iranian Population
Authors: Zargar Ali , Miroliaee Arash , Ahmadi Gooraji Somayeh , Hajaghamohammadi Aliakbar
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common cause of cancer-related death and their long term survival is very low. This study was aimed to determine the effective factors on survival of gastrointestinal cancers among Iranian population during 5 years of follow up.

METHODS: In total, 157 patients diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancers from 2007 to 2009 in the only center of endoscopy in Alvand city, northwest of Qazvin province were included and followed for five years. The univariate and multivariate analysis were done using Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model respectively.

RESULTS: observations of 146 patients were analyzed (99 (67.8%) males and 47 (32.2%) females). The mean age was 64.73± 13.23 and 58.28±13.91 for females and males respectively. The one and three years survival rates for esophageal cancer were 28% and 9% and the one, three and five years survival rates for gastric cancer were 31%, 26% and 14% and for colorectal cancer were 96%, 86% and 75% respectively. In the univariate analysis, variables of age, educational level, ethnicity, smoking, type of cancer, stage of disease and type of treatment had significant effects on survival. In the multivariate analysis, the type of cancer and type of treatment affected the survival of patients as effective factors (p<005).

CONCLUSION: patients with esophageal cancer and those who underwent RT &/or CT are exposed to higher risk of death. Combination therapies (Surgery and adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy) were related to be her survival. Early diagnosis and use of extended cancer screening programs seem necessary to improve survival.
Correlation Between the Type of Acute Coronary Syndrome With the Needs of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Polikandrioti Maria , Goudevenos John , Michalis Lampros K. , Ioannis Koutelekos , Elpida Georgiadi , Kostas Karakostas , Elisaf Moses
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) comprise life-threatening health problems that demand emergency care and immediate intervention. As patients are abruptly transitioning from healthy state into suffering, they consequently experience several needs, mainly attributed to the type of the syndrome including the therapeutic regimen.

OBJECTIVES: To access the correlation between the type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with the needs of hospitalized patients.

METHODS: A sample of 454 hospitalized patients with ACS, recruited from 4 hospitals in Greece, was enrolled in the study. Data were collected by the completion of questionnaire which apart from socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, it also included the questionnaire "Needs of hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease" which is consisted 6 subscales: a) need for support and guidance, b) need for information from the medical-nursing staff, c) need for being in contact with other patient groups and ensuring communication with relatives, d) need for individualized treatment and for the patient’s personal participation to his/her treatment e) need to meet the emotional and physical needs f) need to trust the medical-nursing staff. Statistical methods used were Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi2 test of independence, Kruskal wallis-test and multiple regression.

RESULTS: The type of ACS was statistically significant correlated with the place of residence (p=0.002), management of disease (p<0.001) and prior experience of hospitalization (p=0.003). All six needs were statistically significantly correlated with the type of ACS, (p<0.001 for the need for support and guidance, p<0.001 for the need to be informed from the medical and nursing staff, p<0.001 for the need for being in contact with other patient groups, and ensuring communication with relatives, p<0.001 for the need for individualized treatment and for the patient’s personal participation to his/her treatment, p<0.001 for the need to meet the emotional needs and physical needs and p=0.010 for the need to trust the medical and nursing staff). More specifically, patients with angina considered all six needs to be less significant than patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction. These results were confirmed by the multiple linear regression after controlling for potential confounders.

CONCLUSIONS: Needs of hospitalized patients should be assessed in daily clinical practice according to the type of the syndrome.
Effectiveness of Blind & Ultrasound Guided Corticosteroid Injection in Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Haghighat Shila , Taheri Parisa , Banimehdi Mohsen , Taghavi Arash
Published: November 2015

Local steroid injections are common for treatment of impingement syndrome. Corticosteroid injections methods are basically in two formats, blind or with image guidance. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of ultrasound-guided in comparison with blind corticosteroid injections in patients with impingement syndrome. This study is a randomized clinical trial study undertaken in patients with diagnosis of impingement syndrome done in Isfahan University of Medical Science clinics from February 2014 to February 2015. The number of all patients registered in the study is 48; and then 40 patients were allocated to either control group randomly which received blind steroid injection or case group that underwent ultrasound-guided steroid injection. The clinical symptoms were assessed using Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and shoulder range of motion (ROM) using goniometer at baseline and six weeks after the injection. Data analysis revealed a significant difference in the mean of the VAS, SPADI and shoulder ROM in both groups 6 weeks after intervention (P < 0.05). Patients with ultrasound guided corticosteroid injection had statistically significant improvements in function and shoulder ROM (abduction, flexion) compared to blind injection group after 6 weeks (P<0.05). There was not significant differences in pain (VAS) and internal and external rotation between these two groups (p>0.05). Our findings suggest that US image guided can improve the shoulder function of patients with impingement syndrome, and thus can be considered in comprehensive care programs of these patients for fast speed of rehabilitation.
Modernising the Law of Murder and Manslaughter: Part 2
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: November 2015

Modernising the Law of Murder and Manslaughter: Part 2.
What is the Effect of Fuel Efficiency Information on Car Prices? Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Alberini Anna , Bareit Markus , Filippini Massimo
Published: November 2015

Inadequate information is often identified as a potential cause for the so-called “energy efficiency gap,” i.e., the sluggish pace of investment in energy efficiency technologies, which potentially affects a wide variety of energy-using goods, including road vehicles. To improve the fuel economy of vehicles, in 2003 Switzerland introduced a system of fuel economy and CO2 emissions labels for new passenger cars, based on grades from A (best) to G (worst). We have data for all cars approved for sale in Switzerland from 2000 to 2011. Hedonic regressions suggest that there is a fuel-economy premium, but do not allow us to identify whether the fuel economy label has an additional effect on car price, above and beyond the effect of fuel economy. To circumvent this problem, we turn to a sharp regression discontinuity design based on the mechanism used by the government to assign cars to the fuel economy label, which estimates the effect of the A label on price to be 6-11%. Matching estimators find this effect to be 5%.
Doelen van straffen bereiken door lokale interventies
Authors: Jironet Loewe Disa , Plas Leon
Published: November 2015

Achieving the purposes of punishment through local interventions. Community sentencing in the light of moral theories and the policies of the Dutch Public Prosecutor’s Office

The Dutch prosecutor’s office has set itself the goal of contributing to a safer and just society. This article investigates how a more proactive and innovative approach to the sanctioning of crimes can help towards realizing this goal. The authors take a close look at which types of sanctions could be ‘employed’ for this purpose, and when and how they ought to be executed, in the light of moral retributive and utilitarian theories on punishment. Specifically, the article considers community-sentencing punishments – punishments that are executed locally and in a way that is connected to context (perpetrator, neighbourhood) within which the crime was committed. The authors conclude that a visible connection between the crime and the punishment is vital to achieve the goals set out by the prosecutor’s office. However, at the same time various features of the execution of the punishment need to be considered in order to reach the right effect. This article does not purport to give a single answer these issues, but aspires to indicate where there is unexplored potential in the way community sentences are executed, and hopes to give a framework of what needs to be considered in order to do so effectively.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Oxide-Labeled Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors
Authors: Skelton Rhys J.P. , Khoja Suhail , Almeida Shone , Rapacchi Stanislas , Han Fei , Engel James , Zhao Peng , Hu Peng , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Kwon Murray , Elliott David A. , Ardehali Reza
Published: November 2015

Given the limited regenerative capacity of the heart, cellular therapy with stem cell-derived cardiac cells could be a potential treatment for patients with heart disease. However, reliable imaging techniques to longitudinally assess engraftment of the transplanted cells are scant. To address this issue, we used ferumoxytol as a labeling agent of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs) to facilitate tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large animal model. Differentiating hESCs were exposed to ferumoxytol at different time points and varying concentrations. We determined that treatment with ferumoxytol at 300 μg/ml on day 0 of cardiac differentiation offered adequate cell viability and signal intensity for MRI detection without compromising further differentiation into definitive cardiac lineages. Labeled hESC-CPCs were transplanted by open surgical methods into the left ventricular free wall of uninjured pig hearts and imaged both ex vivo and in vivo. Comprehensive T2*-weighted images were obtained immediately after transplantation and 40 days later before termination. The localization and dispersion of labeled cells could be effectively imaged and tracked at days 0 and 40 by MRI. Thus, under the described conditions, ferumoxytol can be used as a long-term, differentiation-neutral cell-labeling agent to track transplanted hESC-CPCs in vivo using MRI.

Significance

The development of a safe and reproducible in vivo imaging technique to track the fate of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs) is a necessary step to clinical translation. An iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol)-based approach was used for cell labeling and subsequent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of hESC-CPCs transplanted into uninjured pig hearts. The present results demonstrate the use of ferumoxytol labeling and imaging techniques in tracking the location and dispersion of cell grafts, highlighting its utility in future cardiac stem cell therapy trials.
Property (gab) through localized SVEP
Authors: Aiena Pietro , Triolo Salvatore
Published: November 2015

In this article we study the property (gab) for a bounded linear operator T 2 L(X) on a Banach space X which is a stronger variant of Browder’s theorem. We shall give several characterizations of property (gab). These characterizations are obtained by using typical tools from local spectral theory. We also show that property (gab) holds for large classes of operators and prove the stability of property (gab) under some commuting perturbations.
Rapid bacteriophage MS2 transport in an oxic sandy aquifer in cold climate: Field experiments and modeling
Authors: Kvitsand Hanne M. L. , Ilyas Aamir , Østerhus Stein W.
Published: November 2015

Virus removal during rapid transport in an unconfined, low‐temperature (6°C) sand and gravel aquifer was investigated at a riverbank field site, 25 km south of Trondheim in central Norway. The data from bacteriophage MS2 inactivation and transport experiments were applied in a two‐site kinetic transport model using HYDRUS‐1D, to evaluate the mechanisms of virus removal and whether these mechanisms were sufficient to protect the groundwater supplies. The results demonstrated that inactivation was negligible to the overall removal and that irreversible MS2 attachment to aquifer grains, coated with iron precipitates, played a dominant role in the removal of MS2; 4.1 log units of MS2 were removed by attachment during 38 m travel distance and less than 2 days residence time. Although the total removal was high, pathways capable of allowing virus migration at rapid velocities were present in the aquifer. The risk of rapid transport of viable viruses should be recognized, particularly for water supplies without permanent disinfection.
Natural convection in shear‐thinning yield stress fluids in a square enclosure
Authors: Li Chong , Magnin Albert , Métivier Christel
Published: November 2015

The influence of viscoplastic rheological features on the Rayleigh‐Bénard convection is investigated by numerical means in order to compare with first experimental results given by Darbouli et al. The fluid is modeled by a regularized Herschel‐Bulkley law which is often used to fit numerous pasty fluids. Natural convection in a two‐dimensional square cavity heated from below is considered. Critical values of Oldroyd number Od and yield number Y are provided. Numerical results highlight a stabilizing effect of the yield stress as well as a destabilizing effect of increasing shear‐thinning coefficient n as the increase in n enhances the heat transfer in the range of our calculations. Unyielded regions are located in the square corners of the cavity and in the cavity where convection occurs. The unyielded zones size increases with the increase in Od and can invade all the cavity for sufficiently large values of Od. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1347–1355, 2016
A new frontonasal dysplasia syndrome associated with deletion of the SIX2 gene
Authors: Hufnagel Robert B. , Zimmerman Sarah L. , Krueger Laura A. , Bender Patricia L. , Ahmed Zubair M. , Saal Howard M.
Published: November 2015

The frontonasal dysplasias are a group of craniofacial phenotypes characterized by hypertelorism, nasal clefting, frontal bossing, and abnormal hairline. These conditions are caused by recessive mutations in members of the aristaless gene family, resulting in abnormal cranial neural crest migration and differentiation. We report a family with a dominantly inherited craniofacial phenotype comprised of frontal bossing with high hairline, ptosis, hypertelorism, broad nasal tip, large anterior fontanelle, cranial base anomalies, and sagittal synostosis. Chromosomal microarray identified a heterozygous 108.3 kilobase deletion of chromosome 2p21 segregating with phenotype and limited to the sine oculis homeobox gene SIX2 and surrounding noncoding DNA. Similar to the human SIX2 deletion phenotype, one mouse model of frontonasal dysplasia, brachyrrhine, exhibits dominant inheritance and impaired cranial base chondrogenesis associated with reduced Six2 expression. We report the first human autosomal dominant frontonasal dysplasia syndrome associated with SIX2 deletion and with phenotypic similarities to murine models of Six2 Loss‐of‐function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A homozygous HOXD13 missense mutation causes a severe form of synpolydactyly with metacarpal to carpal transformation
Authors: Ibrahim Daniel M. , Tayebi Naeimeh , Knaus Alexej , Stiege Asita C. , Sahebzamani Afsaneh , Hecht Jochen , Mundlos Stefan , Spielmann Malte
Published: November 2015

Synpolydactyly (SPD) is a rare congenital limb disorder characterized by syndactyly between the third and fourth fingers and an additional digit in the syndactylous web. In most cases SPD is caused by heterozygous mutations in HOXD13 resulting in the expansion of a N‐terminal polyalanine tract. If homozygous, the mutation results in severe shortening of all metacarpals and phalanges with a morphological transformation of metacarpals to carpals. Here, we describe a novel homozygous missense mutation in a family with unaffected consanguineous parents and severe brachydactyly and metacarpal‐to‐carpal transformation in the affected child. We performed whole exome sequencing on the index patient, followed by Sanger sequencing of parents and patient to investigate cosegregation. The DNA‐binding ability of the mutant protein was tested with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We demonstrate that the c.938C>G (p.313T>R) mutation in the DNA‐binding domain of HOXD13 prevents binding to DNA in vitro. Our results show to our knowledge for the first time that a missense mutation in HOXD13 underlies severe brachydactyly with metacarpal‐to‐carpal transformation. The mutation is non‐penetrant in heterozygous carriers. In conjunction with the literature we propose the possibility that the metacarpal‐to‐carpal transformation results from a homozygous loss of functional HOXD13 protein in humans in combination with an accumulation of non‐functional HOXD13 that might be able to interact with other transcription factors in the developing limb. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Present and future accelerator options beyond the LHC
Authors: Ferrario Massimo
Published: November 2015

In this paper the present and future landscape of accelerators dedicated to fundamental science is reviewed. The current plans for future large facilities worldwide are discussed and the key performance parameters of the future machines as presently foreseen are given. New ideas and concepts that may bring more powerful machines for particle physics in the more distant future are also presented.

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Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Polymer Electrolytes for Battery Applications
Authors: Osada Irene , de Vries Henrik , Scrosati Bruno , Passerini Stefano
Published: November 2015

The advent of solid‐state polymer electrolytes for application in lithium batteries took place more than four decades ago when the ability of polyethylene oxide (PEO) to dissolve suitable lithium salts was demonstrated. Since then, many modifications of this basic system have been proposed and tested, involving the addition of conventional, carbonate‐based electrolytes, low molecular weight polymers, ceramic fillers, and others. This Review focuses on ternary polymer electrolytes, that is, ion‐conducting systems consisting of a polymer incorporating two salts, one bearing the lithium cation and the other introducing additional anions capable of plasticizing the polymer chains. Assessing the state of the research field of solid‐state, ternary polymer electrolytes, while giving background on the whole field of polymer electrolytes, this Review is expected to stimulate new thoughts and ideas on the challenges and opportunities of lithium‐metal batteries.
Stabilizing Pentacene By Cyclopentannulation
Authors: Bheemireddy Sambasiva R. , Ubaldo Pamela C. , Rose Peter W. , Finke Aaron D. , Zhuang Junpeng , Wang Lichang , Plunkett Kyle N.
Published: November 2015

A new class of stabilized pentacene derivatives with externally fused five‐membered rings are prepared by means of a key palladium‐catalyzed cyclopentannulation step. The target compounds are synthesized by chemical manipulation of a partially saturated 6,13‐dibromopentacene precursor that can be fully aromatized in a final step through a DDQ‐mediated dehydrogenation reaction (DDQ=2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone). The new 1,2,8,9‐tetraaryldicyclopenta[fg,qr]pentacene derivatives have narrow energy gaps of circa 1.2 eV and behave as strong electron acceptors with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies between −3.81 and −3.90 eV. Photodegradation studies reveal the new compounds are more photostable than 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene).
Improving the estimation of the true mean monthly and true mean annual air temperatures in Greece
Authors: Sakellariou N. K. , Kambezidis H. D.
Published: November 2015

The true mean monthly/annual air‐temperature estimations are usually based on the monthly averages of meteorological observations performed at standard hours. The performance of this combination varies as it depends on local climate of the particular meteorological station; it consequently allows for small/large deviations from its exact value. This study examines the possible deviations in Greece and suggests ways of improving the derived estimates. Two cases are considered. (1) An area has one thermograph and a number of thermometric stations. (2) An area has several thermographs and many thermometric stations. Solutions for minimizing the estimation error in both cases are provided.
Silver nanoparticles and electroporation: Their combinational effect on Leishmania major
Authors: Dolat Elham , Rajabi Omid , Salarabadi Samaneh Soudmand , Yadegari‐Dehkordi Sajedeh , Sazgarnia Ameneh
Published: November 2015

Leishmaniasis is an emerging and uncontrolled disease. The use of routine drugs has been limited due to proven side effects and drug resistance. Interestingly, novel approaches such as nanotechnology have been applied as a therapeutic modality. Silver nanoparticles have shown antileishmanial effects but because of their nonspecific and toxic effects on normal cells, their use has been limited. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that electric pulses induce electropores on cell membranes resulting in higher entrance of certain molecules into cells. There is a hypothesis proposing that use of electroporation and silver nanoparticles simultaneously can induce greater accumulation of particles in infected cells, besides higher toxicity. In this study, after applying electric pulses with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), cell survival rate was determined by standard viability assays. On the basis of these data, 2 μg/ml of SNPs and 700 V/cm with 100 μs duration of electroporation were selected as the non‐lethal condition. Promastigotes and infected macrophage cells received both treatments and the survival percentage and Infection Index were calculated. In parasites and cells receiving both treatments, higher toxicity was observed in comparison to each treatment given individually, showing a synergic effect on promastigotes. Therefore, application of electric pulses could overcome limitations in using the antileishmanial properties of silver nanoparticles. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:586–596, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Image‐based quantification of 3D morphology for bifurcations in the left coronary artery: Application to stent design
Authors: Ellwein Laura , Marks David S. , Migrino Raymond Q. , Foley W. Dennis , Sherman Sara , LaDisa John F.
Published: November 2015

Background

Improved strategies for stent‐based treatment of coronary artery disease at bifurcations require a greater understanding of artery morphology.

Objective

We developed a workflow to quantify morphology in the left main coronary (LMCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex (LCX) artery bifurcations.

Methods

Computational models of each bifurcation were created for 55 patients using computed tomography images in 3D segmentation software. Metrics including cross‐sectional area, length, eccentricity, taper, curvature, planarity, branching law parameters, and bifurcation angles were assessed using open‐sources software and custom applications. Geometric characterization was performed by comparison of means, correlation, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA).

Results

Differences between metrics suggest dedicated or multistent approaches should be tailored for each bifurcation. For example, the side branch of the LCX (i.e., obtuse marginal; OM) was longer than that of the LMCA (i.e., LCXprox) and LAD (i.e., first diagonal; D1). Bifurcation metrics for some locations (e.g., LMCA Finet ratio) provide results and confidence intervals agreeing with prior findings, while revised metric values are presented for others (e.g., LAD and LCX). LDA revealed several metrics that differentiate between artery locations (e.g., LMCA vs. D1, LMCA vs. OM, LADprox vs. D1, and LCXprox vs. D1).

Conclusions

These results provide a foundation for elucidating common parameters from healthy coronary arteries and could be leveraged in the future for treating diseased arteries. Collectively the current results may ultimately be used for design iterations that improve outcomes following implantation of future dedicated bifurcation stents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rechargeable Metal–Air Proton‐Exchange Membrane Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage
Authors: Nagao Masahiro , Kobayashi Kazuyo , Yamamoto Yuta , Yamaguchi Togo , Oogushi Akihide , Hibino Takashi
Published: November 2015

Rechargeable proton‐exchange membrane batteries that employ organic chemical hydrides as hydrogen‐storage media have the potential to serve as next‐generation power sources; however, significant challenges remain regarding the improvement of the reversible hydrogen‐storage capacity. Here, we address this challenge through the use of metal‐ion redox couples as energy carriers for battery operation. Carbon, with a suitable degree of crystallinity and surface oxygenation, was used as an effective anode material for the metal redox reactions. A Sn0.9In0.1P2O7‐based electrolyte membrane allowed no crossover of vanadium ions through the membrane. The V4+/V3+, V3+/V2+, and Sn4+/Sn2+ redox reactions took place at a more positive potential than that for hydrogen reduction, so that undesired hydrogen production could be avoided. The resulting electrical capacity reached 306 and 258 mAh g−1 for VOSO4 and SnSO4, respectively, and remained at 76 and 91 % of their respective initial values after 50 cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cubic Phase for a NaYF4 Host Matrix Offering High Upconversion Luminescence Efficiency.
Authors: Jiang Jun , et al.
Published: November 2015

Lanthanide‐doped cubic NaYF4:Yb,Er (18 mol%, 2 mol%) nanocrystals are prepared from aqueous mixtures of Na2‐EDTA, LnCl3 (Ln: Y, Yb, Er), and NaF (autoclave, 180 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Doping GeSb2Te4 with Cr3+: Structure and Temperature‐Dependent Physical Properties.
Authors: Welzmiller Simon , Schlegel Robert , Poeppl Andreas , Bothmann Georg , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver
Published: November 2015

Ge1‐xCrxSb2Te4 (x = 0.04 and 0.08) are prepared by melting and subsequent annealing of stoichiometric amounts of the elements (sealed silica ampoules, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Room Temperature Magnetic Ordering and Excellent Catalytic Activity of Mechanically Activated High Surface Area Nanosized Ni0.45Zn0.55Fe2O4.
Authors: Dey S. , Gomes R. , Mondal R. , Dey S. K. , Dasgupta P. , Poddar A. , Reddy V. R. , Bhaumik A. , Kumar S.
Published: November 2015

Nanosized Ni0.45Zn0.55Fe2O4 (≈12 nm) is prepared by high‐energy ball milling of powders of extremely pure Ni0.45Zn0.55Fe2O4 (330 rpm, 50 h) which itself is obtained by sintering and annealing of the metal oxides (950 °C, 12 h and 700 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Determination of the Equilibrium Relationship of Fe—Pd—Pr Ternary System at 773 K.
Authors: Du Y. S. , Li C. R. , Cheng G. , Sun Y. Z. , Wu X. F. , Li L. , Rao G. H.
Published: November 2015

The solid state phase equilibria in the title system are characterized by powder XRD, FESEM, DSC, and EDS.
ChemInform Abstract: The Double Molybdate Rb2Ba(MoO4)2: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Optical, Thermal, Vibrational Properties, and Electronic Structure.
Authors: Zhou Molin , Jiang Xingxing , Li Chao , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of Rb2Ba(MoO4)2 are grown from a 5:2:2 molar mixture of MoO3, Rb2CO3, and BaCO3 (Pt crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Growth and Characterization of the First Reduced Lanthanum Molybdenum Oxychloride, La20Mo12O63Cl4, with an Unusual Trigonal Prismatic MoO6 Unit.
Authors: Cortese Anthony J. , Wilkins Branford , Smith Mark D. , Morrison Gregory , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: November 2015

Deep blue single crystals of the title compound are synthesized from mixtures of La2O3, MoO3, and Mo powder in CsCl/LiCl eutectic flux (silica tube, 800 °C, 24 h, 80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Centered Trigonal Prismatic Tungsten Clusters [W6CCl18]n‐ (n = 1, 2) Containing Copper(I) and Copper(II).
Authors: Mos Agnieszka , Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: November 2015

Cu[W6CCl18] (I) is obtained by solid state reaction of β‐WCl6, Cu, and C6Cl6 (evacuated silica tubes, 700 °C, 2 h; heating and cooling rate of 2 K/min).
ChemInform Abstract: Tsuji—Wacker Oxidation of Terminal Olefins Using a Palladium—Carbon Nanotube Nanohybrid.
Authors: Donck Simon , Gravel Edmond , Shah Nimesh , Jawale Dhanaji V. , Doris Eric , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: November 2015

Methyl ketones are prepared by selective oxidation of terminal olefins using palladium‐based nanohybrids in combination with cupric chloride as co‐catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Iridium Catalyzed Coupling of Vinyl Aziridines with Alcohols: Site‐Selective Modification of Unprotected Diols and Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines.
Authors: Wang Gang , Franke Jana , Ngo Chinh Q. , Krische Michael J.
Published: November 2015

The first umpoled allylation of primary alcohols or aldehydes with N‐nosyl protected vinyl aziridine in the presence of an iridium catalyst with chiral ligands is given.
ChemInform Abstract: New ω‐Ketovinyl Phosphonates: Inexpensive Synthesis, Isomerization Studies and Route for Functionalized 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Pallikonda Gangaram , Maloth Swamy , Kurapati Sathish Kumar , Baig M. Zubair Khalid , Saraswathi Akhil Raj Kumar , Ghosal Subhas , Chakravarty Manab
Published: November 2015

A series of ω‐ketovinyl phosphonates [e.g. (III)] is synthesized and converted to corresponding allylic phosphonates by isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric β‐Hydrogen Transfer Reduction of α‐Trifluoromethyl Aromatic Ketones with Diethylzinc.
Authors: Huang Huayin , Zong Hua , Bian Guangling , Song Ling
Published: November 2015

It is shown that the α‐trifluoromethyl carbonyl group in diketone (Ic) is chemo‐ and enantioselectively reduced in the presence of an α‐methyl carbonyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Triarylmethanes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylation of Diarylmethylamines with Arylboroxines.
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Hayashi Tamio
Published: November 2015

This novel reaction is assumed to proceed through o‐quinone methide intermediates, which undergo Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of the arylboron reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation/[4 + 2] Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction: Application to Formal Synthesis of Averufin.
Authors: Tan Haibo , Chen Xinzheng , Chen Huiyu , Liu Hongxin , Qiu Shengxiang
Published: November 2015

Using a Knoevenagel condensation/[4 + 2] cycloaddition sequence, several oxygen‐bridged tricyclic ketals are prepared from cyclic 1,3‐diketones and either 1,4‐ or 1,5‐dicarbonyl substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Metathesis of Unsaturated Epoxides for the Synthesis of Polyfunctional Building Blocks.
Authors: Abderrezak Meriem K. , Sichova Kristyna , Dominguez‐Boblett Nancy , Dupe Antoine , Kabouche Zahia , Bruneau Christian , Fischmeister Cedric
Published: November 2015

The cross metathesis of unsaturated epoxide (II) with either methyl acrylate or acrylonitrile is the first step for the synthesis of polyfunctional compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Pincer‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted γ‐Butyrolactones Using Hydrogen Autotransfer Methodology.
Authors: Pena‐Lopez Miguel , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2015

The Ru‐catalyzed reaction of 1,2‐diols (I) with diethyl malonate (II) gives rise to desired γ‐butyrolactones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Stable Aryl or Heteroaryl(3‐indolyl)methylium o‐Benzenedisulfonimides.
Authors: Armenise Nicola , Dughera Stefano , Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Barbero Margherita , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: November 2015

The title reaction, established for a way to diarylmethane or diarylethane compounds, is investigated for substrates of type (I) with a strong Broensted acid as counterion and the analogue (VII) bearing a BF4 counterion.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Desymmetrization of para‐Quinamines Through an Aminocatalyzed Aza‐Michael/Cyclization Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Pantaine Loic , Coeffard Vincent , Moreau Xavier , Greck Christine
Published: November 2015

Starting from para‐quinamines and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes an enantioselective synthesis of hydroindole motifs with four contiguous stereocenters is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐Triarylpyrazoles from 1‐ and 2‐Aryl‐1‐alkenyl Sulfones.
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Hirotaka , Kobayashi Daisuke , Iijima Yusuke , Matsumura Keisuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Takahashi Takashi
Published: November 2015

Aldehydes and hydrazines are used together with the title sulfones which control the regioselectivity of the product formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Perfluoroalkylpyrazoles by Cyclization of Hydrazone Dianions.
Authors: Ngo Thang Ngoc , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Hung Tran Quang , Dang Tuan Thanh , Iqbal Jamshed , Lecka Joanna , Sevigny Jean , Langer Peter
Published: November 2015

Cyclocondensation of perfluoroalkanoates with hydrazone‐derived dianions affords fluoro pyrazoles, which prove to be selective inhibitors of human tissue specific intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP).
ChemInform Abstract: De Novo Synthesis of Phenolic Dihydroxanthene Near‐Infrared Emitting Fluorophores.
Authors: Richard Jean‐Alexandre
Published: November 2015

Cyclocondensation of an salicylaldehyde with 2‐bromocyclohex‐1‐enal via an oxa‐Michael/retro‐Michael/vinylogous aldol condensation cascade yields the corresponding dihydroxanthenecarboxaldehyde, a precursor for preparation of dihydroxanthene‐based fluorophores.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Fe3O4‐Supported, Hydrogensulfate Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Ghobadi Neda
Published: November 2015

The title pyridines are obtained by reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with acetophenone and ammonium acetate under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Denitrozation of Cyclic N‐Nitrosamines with Hydrazoic Acid.
Authors: Ponnuswamy S. , Akila A. , Kiruthiga Devi D.
Published: November 2015

In the presence of a carbonyl group in the substrates either a chemoselective denitrosation or both denitrosation and Schmidt rearrangement can be carried out depending on the amount of the denitrosating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: A new Route for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4‐Aminoquinoline Drug Like Molecules via Aza Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Vidyacharan Shinde , Sagar A. , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: November 2015

The title quinolines are obtained using 2H‐indazole as the diene partner in the aza hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction via a hetrocyclic‐heterocyclic (H‐H) strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Catalyzed Reversible Dehydrogenation — Hydrogenation of Quinoline Derivatives under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Manas Michael G. , Sharninghausen Liam S. , Lin Elisa , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: November 2015

With potential use as hydrogen‐storage system, the dehydrogenation of 2‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline to 2‐methylquinoline and subsequent hydrogenation of the product to the initial tetrahydroquinoline is achieved using the same Ir‐catalyst (IRC) for both processes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Base‐Mediated Synthesis of Functionalized Aza‐Fused Polycyclic Quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Zeng‐qiang , Miao Da‐zhuang , Tong Yao , Pan Qiang , Li Xiao‐tong , Hu Ren‐he , Han Shi‐qing
Published: November 2015

The polycyclic quinoline derivatives are synthesized from 2‐halophenylacetonitriles and 2‐formylpyrroles [e.g. (II)], 2‐formylindoles (VI), or other nitrogen heterocycle derivatives [e.g. (VIII) and (X)].
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo‐[3,4‐b]pyridine as a Versatile Building Block.
Authors: Schirok Hartmut , Griebenow Nils , Fuerstner Chantal , Dilmac Alicia M.
Published: November 2015

Title compound (III) is efficiently prepared by a one‐pot procedure in multigram scale and used as a versatile building block for microwave assisted syntheses of 3‐substituted 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed, Silica‐Supported, One‐Pot Benzoylation Route to Synthesize 2‐(Substituted Phenyl)oxazolo[4,5‐b]pyridines under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Reen Gagandeep Kour , Dudhe Premansh , Ahuja Monika , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Pratibha
Published: November 2015

The title pyridines are efficiently and economically acceptably obtained using silica‐supported perchloric acid as inexpensive, nontoxic, and reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Arylation of Allylic Amides with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Cahard Elise , Male Henry P. J. , Tissot Matthieu , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: November 2015

3‐Aryl substituted (2Z)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ylamides are transformed in the presence of a chiral copper‐bisoxazoline catalyst with diaryliodonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral Cyclic Amides Based on a Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reaction.
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Ichikawa Nobumasa , Ano Yusuke , Katanoda Keisuke , Ito Masato , Akiyama Toshiyuki , Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: November 2015

The title reaction is investigated with some achiral linear precursors in the presence of (I) and (II) as the ligands of choice.
ChemInform Abstract: Polygonifoliol, a New Tirucallane Triterpene from the Latex of the Seaside Sandmat Euphorbia polygonifolia.
Authors: Giner Jose‐Luis , Schroeder Timothy N.
Published: November 2015

Title compound (I) is found as 2.6% of the free terpene alcohol fraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) in Catalysis
Authors: Tsampas M. N. , Sapountzi F. M. , Vernoux P.
Published: November 2015

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Methods for the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Staniland Sarah S. , Rawlings Andrea , Bramble Jonathan , Tolosa Juan , Wilson Orla , Garcia‐Martinez Joaquin C. , Binns Chris
Published: November 2015

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystalline Solid Thin Films
Authors: Deo Soumya R. , Singh Ajaya K. , Deshmukh Lata , Abu Bin Hasan Susan Md.
Published: November 2015

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilisation of Iron‐Containing Materials onto Supporting Materials in Heterogeneous Fenton System : A Review
Authors: Chen Juan
Published: November 2015

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium‐phosphatase Complexes: Phosphatase Inhibitors Favor the Trigonal Bipyramidal Transition State Geometries
Authors: McLauchlan Craig C. , Peters Benjamin J. , Willsky Gail R. , Crans Debbie C.
Published: November 2015

Review: 256 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocycle‐based Metal‐organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Huacheng , Zou Ruqiang , Zhao Yanli
Published: November 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Metal Complexes Based on Bridging “Imino”‐Quinonoid Ligands
Authors: Sarkar Biprajit , Schweinfurth David , Deibel Naina , Weisser Fritz
Published: November 2015

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: meso‐Di(heteroaryl)methanes: Versatile Building Blocks of Porphyrinoids
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Sharma Shivali , Kaur Paramjit , Hee‐Lee Chang
Published: November 2015

Review: [150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl—Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Yan , Xiong Fang‐Jun , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: November 2015

Review: [116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimulating Excursions into Organolead Chemistry: Modular Domino Sequences Triggered by Oxidative Cleavage
Authors: Abet Valentina , Castillo Rafael R. , Aquino Maurizio , Gandara Zoila , Arseniyadis Simeon
Published: November 2015

Review: [123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based Synthetic Chemistry in the Context of Drug Design
Authors: Leibeling Markus , Werz Daniel B.
Published: November 2015

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization: A Useful Approach for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocyclic N‐Oxides
Authors: Liu Ning , Shu Yuan‐Jie , Wang Bo‐Zhou , Li Xiang‐Zhi , Bi Fu‐Qiang
Published: November 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydroformylation
Authors: Perandones Bernabe F. , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen
Published: November 2015

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal‐Reductive Transformations of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Small Molecules Using Earth‐Abundant Elements
Authors: Liu Muhua , Qin Tian , Zhang Qingqing , Fang Chi , Fu Yao , Lin Bo‐Lin
Published: November 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalloenzyme‐Like Zeolites as Lewis Acid Catalysts for C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Van de Vyver Stijn , Roman‐Leshkov Yuriy
Published: November 2015

Review: [progress in their application to direct aldol/retro‐aldol, Diels—Alder cycloaddition/dehydration, and carbonyl‐ene reactions; 48 refs.