bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First report on meiotic behavior of chromosomes in three species of subfamily Pentatominae (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera)
Authors: KAUR HARBHAJAN , SHARMA KANU
Published: February 2015

Regardless of rich biodiversity, cytogenetic reports on Pentatomidae refer to less than 400 species. This paper reports, for the first time, course of meiosis of three species of subfamily Pentatominae viz., Tolumnia antennata Distant, Cahara jugatoria (Lethierry) and Cahara confusa (Distant). Species-specific variations observed with respect to association pattern of X and Y during prophase, arrangement pattern of chromosomes at metaphase I and degree of association between X and Y in the pseudobivalent at metaphase II are explained in the present paper.Tolumnia antennata and Cahara jugatoria possess 2n=14=12A+XY while Cahara confusa possesses 2n=12=10A+XY. At least one ring bivalent is observed during diplotene in all the three species. X and Y dissociate to get well separated at diplotene in Cahara confusa, at diakinesis in Tolumnia antennata and at metaphase I in Cahara jugatoria. In Cahara jugatoria, at metaphase I, X and Y are peripheral forming a part of the ring. In Cahara confusa, at metaphase II, X is peripheral while Y lies in the centre and the two fail to associate to form a pseudobivalent, a phenomenon never recorded earlier in any pentatomid.
Redescription and phylogenetic placement of the Hispaniolan spider genus Lomaita Bryant, 1948 (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
Authors: DA SILVA-MOREIRA THIAGO , HORMIGA GUSTAVO
Published: February 2015

The monotypic linyphiid genus Lomaita Bryant 1948 is redescribed. We present an updated description of the male of L. darlingtoni, the first description of the female and data on its natural history and distribution in the Dominican Republic. We provide a hypothesis on the phylogenetic placement of Lomaita based on cladistic analyses of morphological characters.
A review of the genus Chalcocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with description of a new species
Authors: ROSSINI MICHELE , VAZ-DE-MELLO FERNANDO Z.
Published: February 2015

Species included in the genus Chalcocopris Burmeister, 1846 are reviewed, including the description of a new species (Chalcocopris inexpectatus sp. nov.) from Central Brazil, and the designation of a neotype for Copris hesperus Olivier, 1789. Pictures, diagnostic characters and an identification key are provided.
Checklist and distribution of ciliates from the family Euplotidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (Protista: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) in Slovakia, Central Europe
Authors: TIRJAKOVÁ EVA , BOTLÍKOVÁ SIMONA , VĎAČNÝ PETER
Published: February 2015

A checklist of ciliates from the family Euplotidae recorded in the territory of Slovakia, Central Europe was assembled. Altogether, 11 species belonging to three genera of the family Euplotidae have been reported there: Euplotes alatus, Euplotes charon, Euplotes moebiusi, Euplotoides aediculatus, Euplotoides eurystomus, Euplotoides patella, Euplotoides woodruffi, Euplotopsis affinis, Euplotopsis finki, Euplotopsis muscicola, and Euplotopsis novemcarinata. However, records of the marine species E. alatus and E. charon are doubtful and very likely represent misidentifications of E. moebiusi. Since the euryhaline species E. woodruffi was found for the first time in Slovakia, its morphology is described. Based on the literature data and our own observations, the present checklist is also accompanied with distribution data on the 11 aforementioned species. As concerns ecology, Slovak euplotids typically occurred in freshwater bodies having higher trophic levels. Only two species, E. finki and E. muscicola, were isolated from terrestrial habitats, especially, from mosses, leaf-litter, and decaying wood mass.
New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae)
Authors: SUN Xin , CHANG LIANG , WU DONGHUI
Published: February 2015

A new species, Protaphorura genheensis sp. nov., and two new records, Protaphorura taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) and Protaphorura kaszabi (Dunger, 1978) are reported from northeast China. New localities for P. bicampata are presented. P. genheensis sp. nov. belongs to the ‘oligopseudocellar’ group as having fewer pso on Th. II–III and can be distinguished by the dorsal pso formula, number of pso on the subcoxa 1 of legs, ventral psx formula and the number of chaetae on Th. I–III sterna. P. taimyrica is described basing on the Chinese specimens, and the individuals who have the dorsal pso formula as 33/012/33342 are found.
Evaluation of a Heuristic Model for Tropical Cyclone Resilience
Authors: Reasor Paul D. , Montgomery Michael T.
Published: February 2015

This work examines the applicability of a previously postulated heuristic model for the temporal evolution of the small-amplitude tilt of a tropical cyclone–like vortex under vertical shear forcing for both a dry and cloudy atmosphere. The heuristic model hinges on the existence of a quasi-discrete vortex Rossby wave and its ability to represent the coherent precession and tilt decay of a stable vortex in the free-alignment problem. Linearized numerical solutions for a dry and cloudy vortex confirm the model predictions that an increase in the magnitude of the radial potential vorticity (PV) gradient within the vortex skirt surrounding the core yields a more rapid evolution of a sheared vortex toward the equilibrium, left-of-shear tilt configuration. However, in the moist-neutral limit, in which the effective static stability vanishes in rising and sinking regions, the heuristic model yields a poor approximation to the simulated vortex core evolution, but a left-of-shear tilt of the near-core vortex, radially beyond the heating region, remains the preferred long-time solution. Within the near-core skirt, the PV perturbation generated by vertical shearing exhibits continuous-spectrum-type vortex Rossby waves, features that are not captured by the heuristic model. Nevertheless, the heuristic model continues to predict the rapid vertical alignment and equilibrium, left-of-shear tilt configuration of the simulated near-core vortex in the moist-neutral limit.
Interannual Variability in the Large-Scale Dynamics of the South Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Walker Jennifer M. , Bordoni Simona , Schneider Tapio
Published: February 2015

This study identifies coherent and robust large-scale atmospheric patterns of interannual variability of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) in observational data. A decomposition of the water vapor budget into dynamic and thermodynamic components shows that interannual variability of SASM net precipitation (P − E) is primarily caused by variations in winds rather than in moisture. Linear regression analyses reveal that strong monsoons are distinguished from weak monsoons by a northward expansion of the cross-equatorial monsoonal circulation, with increased precipitation in the ascending branch. Interestingly, and in disagreement with the view of monsoons as large-scale sea-breeze circulations, strong monsoons are associated with a decreased meridional gradient in the near-surface atmospheric temperature in the SASM region. Teleconnections exist from the SASM region to the Southern Hemisphere, whose midlatitude poleward eddy energy flux correlates with monsoon strength. Possible implications of these teleconnection patterns for understanding SASM interannual variability are discussed.
Estimating the Mean Diapycnal Mixing Using a Finescale Strain Parameterization
Authors: Whalen Caitlin B. , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Talley Lynne D. , Waterhouse Amy F.
Published: February 2015

Finescale methods are currently being applied to estimate the mean turbulent dissipation rate and diffusivity on regional and global scales. This study evaluates finescale estimates derived from isopycnal strain by comparing them with average microstructure profiles from six diverse environments including the equator, above ridges, near seamounts, and in strong currents. The finescale strain estimates are derived from at least 10 nearby Argo profiles (generally <60 km distant) with no temporal restrictions, including measurements separated by seasons or decades. The absence of temporal limits is reasonable in these cases, since the authors find the dissipation rate is steady over seasonal time scales at the latitudes being considered (0°–30° and 40°–50°). In contrast, a seasonal cycle of a factor of 2–5 in the upper 1000 m is found under storm tracks (30°–40°) in both hemispheres. Agreement between the mean dissipation rate calculated using Argo profiles and mean from microstructure profiles is within a factor of 2–3 for 96% of the comparisons. This is both congruous with the physical scaling underlying the finescale parameterization and indicates that the method is effective for estimating the regional mean dissipation rates in the open ocean.
Vertical Wind Disturbances during a Strong Wind Event Observed by the PANSY Radar at Syowa Station, Antarctica
Authors: Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Nomoto Masahiro , Miura Hiroaki , Tsutsumi Masaki , Nishimura Koji , Nakamura Takuji , Yamagishi Hisao , Yamanouchi Takashi , Sato Toru , Sato Kaoru
Published: February 2015

Characteristically strong vertical wind disturbances (VWDs) with magnitudes larger than 1 m s−1 were observed in the Antarctic troposphere using a new mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar called the Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/incoherent scatter (IS) Radar (PANSY) during 15–19 June 2012 at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E). In the same period, two synoptic-scale cyclones approached Syowa Station and caused a strong wind event (SWE) at the surface. The VWDs observed during the SWE at Syowa Station had a nearly standing (i.e., no phase tilt with height) phase structure up to the tropopause and a power spectrum proportional to the − power of frequency. On the other hand, the observed VWDs were not associated with systematic horizontal momentum fluxes. Meteorological fields around Syowa Station during the SWE were successfully simulated using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). A strong VWD was also simulated at the model grid of 70.0°S, 40.0°E in NICAM, which had a standing phase structure similar to the observed ones. An analysis based on the Froude number showed that the simulated VWD was likely due to a hydraulic jump leeward of the coastal mountain ridge. The Scorer parameter analysis indicated that the observed VWDs at Syowa Station during 16–17 June 2012 were likely due to the hydraulic jump similar to that in NICAM. On the other hand, a possibility of lee waves was also suggested for the VWD observed on 18 June 2012.
SMEs and CSR in Developing Countries
Authors: Jamali Dima , Lund-Thomsen Peter , Jeppesen Søren
Published: February 2015

This article is the guest editors’ introduction to the special issue in Business & Society on “SMEs and CSR in Developing Countries.” The special issue includes four original research articles by Hamann, Smith, Tashman, and Marshall; Allet; Egels-Zandén; and Puppim de Oliveira and Jabbour on various aspects of the relationship of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries.
Genesis, Uses, and Significations of the Nunca Más Report in Argentina
Authors: Crenzel Emilio
Published: February 2015

The Nunca Más (Never Again) report was prepared by Argentina’s Comisión Nacional sobre la Desapareción de Personas (National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons), created in 1983 to investigate the fate of thousands of persons who were disappeared during the dictatorship. It was used in the prosecution of the military juntas, to convey the past to the new generations, and as a model for the reports of truth commissions established in other Latin American countries. Because of its canonical nature, it illustrates the politics of memory regarding forced disappearances in Argentina following the return to democracy.

La Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas fue creada en 1983 para investigar el paradero de las miles de personas que fueron desaparecidas durante la dictadura en Argentina. Su informe Nunca Más sirvió para procesar a las juntas militares y dar a conocer el pasado a las nuevas generaciones y como modelo para los informes de las comisiones de la verdad que se establecieron en otros países latinoamericanos. Debido a su carácter canónico, sirve para ilustrar las políticas de la memoria sobre las desapariciones forzadas en la Argentina después del regreso de la democracia.
The City and Imperial Propaganda
Authors: Beaven Brad , Griffiths John
Published: February 2015

This article explores how the meaning of Empire Day in the British World was manipulated and transformed through a range of urban institutions before reaching the public at large. Selecting cities in England and the Antipodean colonies for comparison, we shall challenge the assumption that a hegemonic imperial ideology was streamed uncontested and unaltered to urban populations. Indeed, it is argued here that because of significant differences in urban development in Britain and colonial towns, the meaning of the imperial message was variable. In the British context imperial meaning was directed to cure perceived local crises while, alternatively, within a colonial setting imperial propaganda came secondary to national priorities. The conclusion is that, in the case of Empire Day, the urban setting is decisive to understanding how imperial propaganda was transformed to meet the needs of local or national environments. Key differences in the way civic culture and the provincial press evolved in Britain and her colonies ensured that Lord Meath’s desire that Empire Day would nurture a unifying and homogenous imperial identity proved an elusive aspiration.
Optimal trajectories for two UAVs in localization of multiple RF sources
Authors: Shahidian Seyyed Ali Asghar , Soltanizadeh Hadi
Published: February 2015

This paper is concerned with optimal trajectory control for two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a multisource localization environment. The received signal strength (RSS) at the UAVs in specified time intervals permits passive differential RSS (DRSS)-based localization of multiple radio frequency (RF) sources with unknown transmit powers. A steering algorithm is proposed to update the UAV waypoints in order to minimize the summation of the uncertainty of the source locations. The UAV paths are optimized by maximizing the determinant of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The FIM is approximated at successive waypoints using the estimated locations of the sources. In addition to maximizing the localization accuracy, the objectives of the proposed trajectory control are to minimize the number of UAVs, the mission time and the path length. As the DRSS is a non-linear measurement, an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is a non-linear filtering technique, is considered in this paper. The efficiency of the approach is depicted through simulations.
Command-filtered backstepping control for a multi-vectored thrust stratospheric airship
Authors: Han Ding , Wang Xiao-liang , Chen Li , Duan Deng-ping
Published: February 2015

A stratospheric airship is an airship flying at a high altitude of 20 km as a stratospheric platform. Due to the low atmospheric density and flight speed, the efficiency of a conventional actuator, such as an aerodynamic control surface, is decreased. Thus, a new multi-vectored thrust airship called a flat peach is discussed in this paper. This article describes the derivation, design and simulation implementation of a non-linear controller for an airship with multi-vector thrust. The controller is designed using a command-filtered, vector backstepping approach, and can set the airship track three Cartesian positions [Formula: see text] and yaw angle to their desired values and stabilize the pitch and roll angles. The controller is non-linear to address the kinematics and airship dynamics. The approach guarantees exponential stability of a compensated tracking error in the sense of Lyapunov. Both the stability analysis and simulation results are included.
Coverage Location Models
Authors: Wei Ran
Published: February 2015

Achieving maximal coverage of service facilities has been of great interest to urban and regional planners. Examples include placing cellular towers, siting emergency response stations, and locating weather radars, among others. In some planning contexts, facilities could be sited almost anywhere in a region due to their small geographic footprints and demand is continuously distributed. This location problem has been represented as the continuous space maximal coverage problem (CSMCP). The CSMCP is widely acknowledged to be challenging to solve exactly. A broadly used solution approach for the CSMCP is to transform the problem into discrete maximal coverage models through continuous space discretization. A variety of discrete simplifications of CSMCP have been developed, attempting to address spatial representation issues that arise in the application of discrete models used as a continuous space approximation. However, the performance of applying these discrete coverage models to approximately solving the CSMCP has not been explicitly evaluated. It remains elusive as to which approach provides the best approximation for the CSMCP. This article therefore presents a comparative performance analysis of various discrete approximations for the CSMCP. Empirical results provide insights on how to achieve a balance between model representation detail and reasonable computation. Potential research directions are also suggested.
Privacy under Construction
Authors: Steijn Wouter M. P. , Vedder Anton
Published: February 2015

We present a developmental perspective regarding the difference in perceptions toward privacy between young and old. Here, we introduce the notion of privacy conceptions, that is, the specific ideas that individuals have regarding what privacy actually is. The differences in privacy concerns often found between young and old are postulated as the result of the differences found in their privacy conceptions, which are subsequently linked to their developmental life stages. The data presented have been obtained through a questionnaire distributed among adolescents, young adults, and adults and provide support for this developmental perspective. This study is one of the first to include adolescents when investigating the privacy concerns among young and old. The results show that the privacy conceptions held by adolescents indeed differ from those held by young adults and adults in keeping with the expectations as seen from a developmental perspective. In addition, the areas in which the differences in privacy conceptions are found also reflect the strongest relationship with concerns. As such, these findings present an alternative perspective to the commonly held notion that young people are less concerned about privacy.
Characterization of Periodic Acid-Schiff-Positive Granular Deposits in the Hippocampus of SJL/J Mice
Authors: Cana Armend , Herder Vanessa , Hansmann Florian , Beineke Andreas , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Spitzbarth Ingo
Published: February 2015

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive granular deposits in the hippocampus have been reported previously in certain inbred mouse strains such as C57BL/6 and the senescent-accelerated mouse prone-8. Here, we report for the first time that similar PAS-positive granules age dependently occur in SJL/J mice, a mouse strain, for instance, used for central nervous system disease research. Moreover, similar granules stained intensely positive with a polyclonal antibody directed against p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Granular deposits were absent in young mice and developed with aging in CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. Interestingly, granules significantly diminished in SJL/J mice previously treated with cuprizone, a copper chelator, which is a useful model for toxic demyelination. The presented data support the idea that granules might be the result of an imbalance of redox-active metals and/or a dysregulation of complementary mechanisms that regulate their homeostasis in astrocyte–neuron coupling, respectively. It remains to be determined whether the unsuspected immunoreactivity for p75NTR represents a false-positive reaction or whether p75NTR is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of age-related hippocampal granular deposits in mice.
Effects of Chronic Ochratoxin A Exposure on p53 Heterozygous and p53 Homozygous Mice
Authors: Bondy Genevieve S. , Caldwell Donald S. , Aziz Syed A. , Coady Laurie C. , Armstrong Cheryl L. , Curran Ivan H. A. , Koffman Robyn L. , Kapal Kamla , Lefebvre David E. , Mehta Rekha
Published: February 2015

Exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) causes nephropathy in domestic animals and rodents and renal tumors in rodents and poultry. Humans are exposed to OTA by consuming foods made with contaminated cereal grains and other commodities. Management of human health risks due to OTA exposure depends, in part, on establishing a mode of action (MOA) for OTA carcinogenesis. To further investigate OTA’s MOA, p53 heterozygous (p53+/−) and p53 homozygous (p53+/+) mice were exposed to OTA in diet for 26 weeks. The former are susceptible to tumorigenesis upon chronic exposure to genotoxic carcinogens. OTA-induced renal damage but no tumors were observed in either strain, indicating that p53 heterozygosity conferred little additional sensitivity to OTA. Renal changes included dose-dependent increases in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, karyomegaly, and tubular degeneration in proximal tubules, which were consistent with ochratoxicosis. The lowest observed effect level for renal changes in p53+/− and p53+/+ mice was 200 μg OTA/kg bw/day. Based on the lack of tumors and the severity of renal and body weight changes at a maximum tolerated dose, the results were interpreted as suggestive of a primarily nongenotoxic (epigenetic) MOA for OTA carcinogenesis in this mouse model.
Embedding Research in Undergraduate Learning Opportunities
Authors: Jansen Debra A. , Jadack Rosemary A. , Ayoola Adejoke B. , Doornbos Mary M. , Dunn Susan L. , Moch Susan D. , Moore Ellen M. , Wegner Gail D.
Published: February 2015

As a means of promoting scholarship, faculty are increasingly including undergraduate nursing students as team members in faculty-led research projects. Research involvement is a high-impact educational practice that enhances student engagement and retention rates and enables the reflection and integration of learning. The purpose of this article is to describe the benefits and innovative ways of directly involving undergraduate nursing students in faculty-guided research projects. Case examples from four non-research-intensive nursing programs are presented to illustrate the benefits of undergraduate student research involvement to students, faculty, their communities, as well as the nursing profession. Student assistance in all phases of the research process, ranging from research question generation, literature reviews, methods development, and data collection and analysis, to presentations and manuscript publication, motivates and helps faculty progress with their research programs. Benefits also include the creation of effective learning experiences that build nursing knowledge and potentially contribute to community health.
Music in radio advertising: Effects on radio spokesperson credibility and advertising effectiveness
Authors: Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Reinares-Lara Eva , Muela-Molina Clara
Published: February 2015

The widespread use of music in advertising derives from the belief among advertisers that music confers a significant commercial advantage; music has also aroused interest among researchers trying to determine its potential to add value and enhance advertising effectiveness. So, this article analyses the influence of music and congruency with the radio advertising message on spokesperson’s credibility and advertising effectiveness. We designed radio programs in which an ad hoc radio spot was inserted into a commercial block (no music/music) and tested them on a sample of 987 radio listeners. The results show the potential of music in terms of advertising effectiveness and credibility and show the need for planning to go beyond its function as to avoid silence or attract attention and to ensure its consistency with the ad message.
Facial Expression in Response to Smell and Taste Stimuli in Small and Appropriate for Gestational Age Newborns
Authors: Rotstein Michael , Stolar Orit , Uliel Shimrit , Mandel Dror , Mani Ariel , Dollberg Shaul , Reifen Ram , Steiner Jacob E. , Harel Shaul , Leitner Yael
Published: February 2015

Small for gestational age newborns can later suffer from eating difficulties and slow growth. Nutritional preferences can be influenced by changes in sensory perception of smell and taste. To determine whether these could be detected at birth, the authors examined the different recognition pattern of smell and taste in small for gestational age newborns compared to appropriate for gestational age controls, as expressed by gusto-facial and naso-facial reflexes. The authors performed video analysis of facial expressions of 10 small for gestational age and 12 control newborns exposed to various tastes and smells. No difference in the facial recognition patterns for taste or smell was demonstrated between small for gestational age and controls, except for perception of distilled water. Newborns show recognizable patterns of facial expression in response to taste and smell stimuli. Perception of taste and smell in small for gestational age newborns is not different from controls, as measured by the method of facial recognition.
Massive Soft Tissue Neurofibroma (Elephantiasis Neuromatosa)
Authors: Pinheiro Fernando Santos , Rothner A. David , Moodley Manikum , Zahka Kenneth G.
Published: February 2015

The authors review the literature on massive soft tissue neurofibroma. The methods included a review of 71 reports (PubMed search 1929-2012) with a total of 91 massive soft tissue neurofibroma patients and illustration of clinical and radiological progression of massive soft tissue neurofibroma on a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. The mean age at initial examination was 21 years. Tumor onset was mostly in childhood years. The commonest affected body segment was the lower extremity (46%), followed by head/neck (30%). Surgical management was pursued in the majority of cases (79%). Bleeding was a common complication (25%). Recurrence was described in 12%; multiple resections cases were described. Malignant transformation occurred in 5%. Although massive soft tissue neurofibroma may be present early in life, massive tumor overgrowth may take years. Predicting disease progression and/or benefit of surgical intervention early in the disease course is challenging. Recurrence and malignant transformation are possible. Massive soft tissue neurofibroma does not respond to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and is associated with life-threatening surgical complications.
Anemia and Transfusion in Critical Care
Authors: Spinelli Elena , Bartlett Robert H.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

The objective of this report is to review the physiology and management of anemia in critical care. Selected publications on physiology and transfusion related to anemia and critical care, including the modern randomized trials of conservative versus liberal transfusion policy, were used. Anemia is compensated and tolerated in most critically ill patients as long as oxygen delivery is at least twice oxygen consumption. There are risks to blood transfusion which can be minimized by blood banking practice. The availability of cultured red cells may allow correction of anemia without significant risk. The benefit of transfusion in anemia must be weighted against the risk in any specific patient.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

In a criticially ill patient, anemia should be managed to avoid oxygen supply dependency (oxygen delivery less than twice comsumption) and to maintain moderate oxygen delivery reserve (DO2/VO2 > 3).
Simulated imperialist competitive algorithm in two-stage assembly flow shop with machine breakdowns and preventive maintenance
Authors: Seidgar Hany , Zandieh Mostafa , Fazlollahtabar Hamed , Mahdavi Iraj
Published: February 2015

This article deals with the two-stage assembly flow shop problem considering preventive maintenance activities and machine breakdowns. The objective is to minimize the makespan. This problem is proven to be NP-hard; thus, we proposed two meta-heuristic algorithms, namely, imperialist competitive algorithm and genetic algorithm, to obtain solutions of the problem. This article describes an approach incorporating simulation with imperialist competitive algorithm for the scheduling purpose having machine breakdowns and preventive maintenance activities. The results obtained are analyzed using Taguchi experimental design, and the parameters of proposed algorithms are calibrated by artificial neural network. The computational results demonstrate that imperialist competitive algorithm is statistically better than genetic algorithm in quality of solution and reaches to better solutions at the same computational time.
A novel evolutionary approach in modeling wear depth of laser engineering titanium coatings
Authors: Garg Akhil , Vijayaraghavan Venkatesh , Tai Kang , Savalani Monica M
Published: February 2015

In this study, a new evolutionary approach, Akaike information criterion–based multi-gene genetic programming, is proposed for formulating the functional relationship of wear depth of the laser engineering titanium coatings. The carbon nanotube–reinforced titanium coatings were fabricated with 0, 10, 15, and 20 wt% carbon nanotubes. Six main input process variables such as specimen temperature, friction coefficient, contact potential, gap, carbon nanotube reinforcement composition (%), and sliding distance were considered. The laser cladding process was performed, and a total of 21,600 samples are collected, randomly divided into 17,280 and 4320 sets, and then trained and tested in the proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is compared to that of the artificial neural network model. Statistical evaluation of the models concludes that the proposed model outperformed the artificial neural network. To validate the robustness of the proposed model, sensitivity and parametric analyses are conducted, and the impact of each input variable on the wear depth is studied. Analysis reveals that carbon nanotube reinforcement composition (%) plays a significant role in reducing the wear depth of the laser engineering titanium coatings.
Vibration energy harvesting from heavy haul railcar vibrations using a two-degree-of-freedom coupled oscillating system
Authors: Ung Chandarin , Moss Scott D , Chiu Wing K
Published: February 2015

This paper investigates the design and fabrication of an energy-harvesting device for converting the kinetic energy of heavy haul railcar vibrations into electrical energy. The inertial-based electromagnetic generator is a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) coupled oscillating system that can efficiently operate at the two dominant frequencies corresponding to unloaded and loaded railcar conditions. Vibration measurements from the field indicate the dominant frequency of the railcar at a sprung location shifts between 14.6 and 5.8 Hz for the unloaded and loaded conditions, respectively. Design and optimization was investigated using multi-physics finite element analysis (COMSOL) with sinusoidal vibration input. A prototype was developed to demonstrate that a practical amount of power can be generated using the 2-DoF coupled system. Experimental results favourably agree with model predictions, and show that more than 200 mW of output power can be generated at each dominant frequency from a 0.4  g peak sinusoidal host acceleration (where g = 9.8 m/s2). In addition measured railcar vibration was replicated using a power spectral density approach, allowing prediction to be made about the performance of the generator in the field.
Anticipatory Control Through Associative Learning of Subliminal Relations: Invisible May Be Better Than Visible
Authors: Farooqui Ausaf A. , Manly Tom
Published: February 2015

We showed that anticipatory cognitive control could be unconsciously instantiated through subliminal cues that predicted enhanced future control needs. In task-switching experiments, one of three subliminal cues preceded each trial. Participants had no conscious experience or knowledge of these cues, but their performance was significantly improved on switch trials after cues that predicted task switches (but not particular tasks). This utilization of subliminal information was flexible and adapted to a change in cues predicting task switches and occurred only when switch trials were difficult and effortful. When cues were consciously visible, participants were unable to discern their relevance and could not use them to enhance switch performance. Our results show that unconscious cognition can implicitly use subliminal information in a goal-directed manner for anticipatory control, and they also suggest that subliminal representations may be more conducive to certain forms of associative learning.
The Cultural Meaning of Cardiac Illness and Self-Care Among Lebanese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dumit Nuhad Yazbik , Magilvy Joan Kathy , Afifi Rima
Published: February 2015

Background: Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death in Lebanon, accounting for 22% to 26% of total deaths in the country. A thorough understanding of perceptions of cardiac illness and related self-care management is critical to the development of secondary prevention programs that are specific to the Lebanese culture. Purpose: To explore the cultural perceptions of cardiac illness and the associated meaning of self-care among Lebanese patients. Design: Using a qualitative descriptive method, semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 Lebanese cardiac patients recruited from a medical center in Beirut, Lebanon. Findings: The qualitative descriptive analysis yielded one overarching and two other themes describing perceptions of cardiac illness and self-care within the Lebanese cultural context. The overarching cultural theme was, “Lebanese cardiac patients were unfamiliar with the term concept and meaning of self-care.” Lebanese cardiac patients thanked God and accepted their fate (Theme I). The participants considered their cardiac incident a life or death warning (Theme II). Implications for Practice: Health care providers need to consider patients’ cultural perception of illness while planning and evaluating cardiac self-care programs.
Actuation stress modelling of piezoceramic transducers under variable temperature field
Authors: Kijanka Piotr , Packo Pawel , Staszewski Wieslaw Jerzy , Lanza di Scalea Francesco
Published: February 2015

The article presents a two-dimensional temperature-dependent model of piezoceramic transducers used for Lamb wave–based damage detection applications. The effect of temperature on shear stress and normal stress components influencing wave actuation is analysed. Three models are analysed and compared, that is, static theoretical model and two numerical models, that is, static and dynamic. These models are analysed for two different piezoceramic transducers’ thicknesses. The results demonstrate that the effective transducer’s length is smaller than its physical in-plane dimension. The influence of the normal actuation stress component is significant for wave actuation. This component is dependent on temperature and transducer’s dimension.
Association of Hemostatic Gene Polymorphisms With Early-Onset Ischemic Heart Disease in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Alkhiary Wael , Azzam Hanan , Yossof Mahmoud Mohammed Abdo , Aref Salah , Othman Maha , El-Sharawy Solafa
Published: February 2015

The association between hereditary thrombophilia and venous thrombosis is well established but controversial data exist with respect to arterial thrombosis. We performed a pilot study on 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 21 patients with unstable angina (UA), and 20 healthy volunteers to investigate the role of various hemostatic gene polymorphisms in young Egyptian patients, who survived their first ischemic heart disease (IHD). Thrombophilic gene polymorphisms were tested using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and reverse-hybridization technique. We showed an increased risk of AMI with factor V (FV) Leiden and prothrombin G20210A heterozygosity. The increased risks of UA was associated with GA and A allele of fibrinogen β-455G→A polymorphism. Conversely, factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu GT and T allele were protective in the UA group. Nevertheless, the prevalence of FV H1299R, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G, glycoprotein IIIa C1565T, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and A1298C mutations did not differ between patients with IHD and controls. The data have clinical implications regarding screening and thromboprophylaxis in high-risk individuals younger than 40 years.
Growth-induced compatible strains
Authors: Minozzi Manuela , Nardinocchi Paola , Teresi Luciano , Varano Valerio
Published: February 2015

We studied the time evolution problem driven by growth for a non-Euclidean ball which at its initial state is equipped with a non-compatible distortion field. The problem is set within the framework of non-linear elasticity with large growing distortions. No bulk accretive forces are considered, and growth is only driven by the stress state. We showed that, when stress-driven growth is considered, distortions can evolve along different trajectories which share a common attracting manifold; moreover, they eventually attain a steady and compatible form, to which there corresponds a stress-free state of the ball.
Parallel visual data restoration on multi-GPGPUs using stencil-reduce pattern
Authors: Aldinucci Marco , Pezzi Guilherme Peretti , Drocco Maurizio , Spampinato Concetto , Torquati Massimo
Published: February 2015

In this paper, a highly effective parallel filter for visual data restoration is presented. The filter is designed following a skeletal approach, using a newly proposed stencil-reduce, and has been implemented by way of the FastFlow parallel programming library. As a result of its high-level design, it is possible to run the filter seamlessly on a multicore machine, on multi-GPGPUs, or on both. The design and implementation of the filter are discussed, and an experimental evaluation is presented.
Predictors of suicidality in bariatric surgery candidates
Authors: Adamowicz Jenna L , Salwen Jessica K , Hymowitz Genna F , Vivian Dina
Published: February 2015

Risk for suicidality (current or past suicidal ideation or attempt) increases after bariatric surgery; however, there is a paucity of research investigating suicidality predictors in this population. This study involved a retrospective chart review of individuals seeking psychological clearance for bariatric surgery. In total, 32 participants (15.8%) were classified as reporting suicidality. These participants endorsed greater depressive symptomatology and hopelessness, and hopelessness and mood disorder diagnosis each uniquely predicted whether or not a patient was classified as reporting suicidality. The findings within suggest that increased attention to the relationship among these variables may improve methods for identification of high-risk patients. Implications for clinical practiced are discussed.
Roller bearing dynamics under transient thermal-mixed non-Newtonian elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication
Authors: Mohammadpour M , Johns-Rahnejat PM , Rahnejat H
Published: February 2015

The paper describes a combined tribodynamics analysis (dynamics and contact tribology) of cylindrical roller bearings of a heavy duty truck transmission under high applied loads. The dynamic analysis provides the transient variations in contact load. It also determines the vibration spectrum of the bearing as well as that of contact dynamics. It is shown that with sufficient preloading and/or interference fitting a widely spread loaded region results, which reduces bearing-induced vibration. The transient tribological analysis, including thermal analysis with a novel and realistic lubricant inlet boundary condition demonstrates that non-Newtonian mixed elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication is prevalent, but with reduced friction compared with unrealistic dry Coulombic friction, which is often assumed in literature.
A hybrid finite element formulation for flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Singh Raghvendra P , Jog Chandrashekhar
Published: February 2015

This work deals with the transient analysis of flexible multibody systems within a hybrid finite element framework. Hybrid finite elements are based on a two-field variational formulation in which the displacements and stresses are interpolated separately yielding very good coarse mesh accuracy. Most of the literature on flexible multibody systems uses beam-theory-based formulations. In contrast, the use of hybrid finite elements uses continuum-based elements, thus avoiding the problems associated with rotational degrees of freedom. In particular, any given three-dimensional constitutive relations can be directly used within the framework of this formulation. Since the coarse mesh accuracy as compared to a conventional displacement-based formulation is very high, the scheme is cost effective as well. A general formulation is developed for the constrained motion of a given point on a line manifold, using a total Lagrangian method. The multipoint constraint equations are implemented using Lagrange multipliers. Various kinds of joints such as cylindrical, prismatic, and screw joints are implemented within this general framework. Hinge joints such as spherical, universal, and revolute joints are obtained simply by using shared nodes between the bodies. In addition to joints, the formulation and implementation details for a DC motor actuator and for prescribed relative rotation are also presented. Several example problems illustrate the efficacy of the developed formulation.
The affective atmospheres of nationalism
Authors: Closs Stephens Angharad
Published: February 2015

What would it mean to understand nationalism as an atmosphere? This article makes a theoretical contribution to cultural geographical works on ‘affective atmospheres’ as well as to critical approaches to the study of nationalism by addressing this question. It examines how nationalism operates affectively and atmospherically through a discussion of the event of the London 2012 Olympic Games and the ‘happy atmospheres’ of being together that circulated in the course of those Games. The key claim of the article is that addressing the nation’s affective, emotional and atmospheric resonances is critical for understanding how nationalism endures and, furthermore, how it appears especially difficult to critique. As such, the article points to different ways in which thinking about nationalism as an ‘affective atmosphere’ builds upon the notion of ‘everyday nationalism’ but also takes it further by inviting an attentiveness to the different tonalities and intensities of nationality and shifting the focus from a subject identity or bounded community to the question of how affective forces congeal around particular objects and bodies and echo as part of an assemblage. Finally, this article makes a contribution to debates around the relationship between affect, atmosphere and politics by asking how national affective atmospheres might be resisted.
The promises and perils of a digital geohumanities
Authors: Crang Mike
Published: February 2015

This intervention asks to what extent developments of digital media offer new objects that demand new methods and to what extent they create new methods that might be applied to older cultural fields creating a digital geohumanities. It argues that digital media sometimes reanimate older debates and issues not only in what we study but how we do so, and their significance may be less in new techniques than altering the general tools of our trade in cultural geography. This article looks at both new digital cultures, such as gaming and new converging media, and new methods, be they analysing the data exhaust of digitally mediated social lives or using new software in literary analysis. Profound tensions exist between quantitative imaginaries of a massive stock of texts yielding determinate meanings and deconstructive visions of texts yielding indeterminate and proliferating meanings. Big data sit uneasily with big interpretation. This article suggests a materialist semiosis is needed to attend to the permutations where new digital techniques may form affective technologies conveying meanings as much as effective analytical tools.
Needs Analysis and Technology Alignment Method
Authors: Billman Dorrit , Feary Michael , Schreckenghost Debra , Sherry Lance
Published: February 2015

Our research (reported in two parts) improved software for a NASA Mission Controller group for the International Space Station and provided evidence for a key factor we believed contributed to the expected improvement. This factor is the degree of alignment of the technology to the structure of the work it is intended to support, or its fitness-for-purpose. This paper, Part 1, reports our needs analysis and software redesign, which provide specific and more general contributions. The specific contribution was new prototype software for planning work of the Attitude Determination and Control Officer group, who schedules trajectory and orientation changes of the International Space Station, with its Russian counterparts. The general contribution was a new needs analysis method, product-document analysis, a general design-process benefit. Product document analysis is a method complementary to task analysis and work domain analysis. Our needs analysis method characterized the high-level structure required of acceptable plans in terms of the plan components and their relations and constraints. The redesigned software was better aligned with the structure of work, as captured by needs analysis. We discuss conditions when product-document analysis may be useful.
Designing Mobile Augmented Reality Exergames
Authors: Laine Teemu H. , Suk Hae Jung
Published: February 2015

Exergames aim to make exercise more enjoyable, especially for children and young adults who are accustomed to digital technologies. Calory Battle augmented reality (AR) is a mobile exergame that utilizes context awareness and AR to enable interaction with virtual content. Designing mobile exergames and AR interaction has received little scholarly attention. This article has several contributions to the design discussion: (1) implementation of a mobile AR exergame, (2) discourse on the game design process, (3) evaluation with 29 South Korean elementary school children and university students who suggested a good reception of the game and generated ideas for improvements of usability and AR interaction, (4) analysis of the game with respect to established game motivators and the Immersion, Scientificalness, Competitiveness, Adaptability, and Learning (ISCAL) exergame design model, (5) design principles and lessons learned, and (6) discussion of the flow experience in exergames. These results can be used by designers to create motivating and interactive mobile AR games.