bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling unrelated blood stem cell donor recruitment using simulated registrant cohorts: Assessment of human leukocyte antigen matching across ethnicity groups
Authors: Blake John T. , Parmar Gaganvir , Ganz Kathy , Seftel Matthew D. , Allan David S.
Published: March 2023

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched unrelated donors are not available for some patients considered for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, particularly among certain ethnic groups. Simulated recruitment modeling can inform efforts to find new matches for more patients.

Methods

Simulated recruits were generated by assigning a pair of donor HLA haplotypes from historical data files and matched against HLA data of patient searches in the Canadian Blood Services Stem Cell Registry. Recruitment cohorts reflected the proportion of five specific ethnic groups in the 2016 Canadian census data.

Results

Novel 8/8 HLA matches between simulated recruits and patients increased linearly with larger recruitment cohorts. The proportion of novel 8/8 HLA matches from Caucasian, Hispanic, and Native American/First Nations recruits was equal to or greater than their relative proportion in the recruited cohort (match to: recruit ratio (MRR) ≥ 1). In contrast, African American and Asian & Pacific Islander recruits represented a smaller proportion of novel matches relative to their percentage of the recruited cohort (MRR <1). The proportion of novel 7/8 HLA‐matches from each ethnic group was approximately the same as their proportion in the recruited cohort (MRR ~ 1) and high rates of 7/8 HLA‐matching already exist within the Canadian Blood Services registry for all ethnic groups.

Conclusion

Continued large recruitment cohorts are needed to add new 8/8 HLA matches to registry inventories. Likelihoods of novel HLA matches varied across ethnic groups, reflecting varied HLA haplotype frequencies across groups. Simulated cohort modeling can inform recruitment strategies that will generate new donor options for patients.
Multicenter, multidisciplinary user‐centered design of a clinical decision‐support and simulation system for massive transfusion
Authors: Sanderson Brenton , Field Jeremy D. , Kocaballi Ahmet B. , Estcourt Lise J. , Magrabi Farah , Wood Erica M. , Coiera Enrico W.
Published: March 2023

Background

Managing critical bleeding with massive transfusion (MT) requires a multidisciplinary team, often physically separated, to perform several simultaneous tasks at short notice. This places a significant cognitive load on team members, who must maintain situational awareness in rapidly changing scenarios. Similar resuscitation scenarios have benefited from the use of clinical decision support (CDS) tools.

Study Design and Methods

A multicenter, multidisciplinary, user‐centered design (UCD) study was conducted to design a computerized CDS for MT. This study included analysis of the problem context with a cognitive walkthrough, development of a user requirement statement, and co‐design with users of prototypes for testing. The final prototype was evaluated using qualitative assessment and the System Usability Scale (SUS).

Results

Eighteen participants were recruited across four institutions. The first UCD cycle resulted in the development of four prototype interfaces that addressed the user requirements and context of implementation. Of these, the preferred interface was further developed in the second UCD cycle to create a high‐fidelity web‐based CDS for MT. This prototype was evaluated by 15 participants using a simulated bleeding scenario and demonstrated an average SUS of 69.3 (above average, SD 16) and a clear interface with easy‐to‐follow blood product tracking.

Discussion

We used a UCD process to explore a highly complex clinical scenario and develop a prototype CDS for MT that incorporates distributive situational awareness, supports multiple user roles, and allows simulated MT training. Evaluation of the impact of this prototype on the efficacy and efficiency of managing MT is currently underway.
Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Geothermal System With Complex Fracture Networks
Authors: Xu Jiaxiang , Dong Dandan , Wang Xin , Gao Rui , Yang Lifeng , Liu Zhe , Ding Yunhong , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2023

Geothermal resource is one of the most promising renewable energies, which is successfully accessed by the enhanced geothermal system (EGS) characterized by a complex fracture network. Therefore, complex fracture networks with hydraulic and natural fractures of different fracture orientations and intensities are established in this study. The natural fractures are randomly distributed in the geothermal reservoir. The working fluid flowing and heat exchange in the geothermal reservoir are simulated by coupling model, considering the effects of temperature variation on the density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of working fluid, and the permeability of reservoir matrix. Effects of natural fracture orientation and intensity, position of injection and production wells, and geothermal reservoir permeability on the heat production behavior are analyzed. The simulation reveals that the low-temperature region in the geothermal reservoir could breakthrough along natural fractures. When the direction of injection and production wells is consistent with the orientation range of natural fractures, the reservoir exploitation ratio and the heat extraction rate are the largest, but the temperature stability time of the produced fluid is the shortest and the cooling rate is the fastest. Increasing the intensity of natural fractures is helpful to increase the heat extraction rate, but the temperature of production wells decreases more easily. Increasing the distance perpendicular to the hydraulic fracture can better improve the performance of production wells. High reservoir permeability is not conducive to the stability of production fluid temperature, but can greatly increase the exploitation ratio of the geothermal reservoir.
Evidence-Informed Recommendations for Community-Based Organizations Developing Physical Activity Information Targeting Families of Children and Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Bassett-Gunter Rebecca , Tomasone Jennifer , Latimer-Cheung Amy , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly , Disimino Katerina , Larocca Victoria , Tristani Lauren , Martin Ginis Kathleen , Leo Jennifer , Vanderloo Leigh , Sora Dave , Allison Archie
Published: March 2023

Parents of children and youth with disabilities (CYD) have expressed unique physical activity (PA) information needs. Community-based organizations (CBOs) require assistance to meet these needs. Guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II, this project established evidence-informed recommendations for developing PA information targeting families of CYD. This process involved a systematic scoping review to inform draft recommendations (k = 23), which were revised via a consensus meeting with researchers, knowledge users from CBOs, and families of CYD. Broader consultation with CBO knowledge users informed the final recommendations (k = 5) that fit within the following categories: (a) language and definitions, (b) program information, (c) benefits of PA, (d) barriers to PA, and (e) PA ideas and self-regulation tools. CBOs are encouraged to consider these recommendations when developing PA information for families of CYD. Future research will focus on the development of knowledge products to disseminate the recommendations to CBOs and support implementation.
Analysis of bacterial pangenomes reduces CRISPR dark matter and reveals strong association between membranome and CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Rubio Alejandro , Sprang Maximilian , Garzón Andrés , Moreno-Rodriguez Antonio , Pachón-Ibáñez Maria Eugenia , Pachón Jerónimo , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. , Pérez-Pulido Antonio J.
Published: March 2023

CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic acquired immunity mechanisms, which are found in 40% of bacterial genomes. They prevent viral infections through small DNA fragments called spacers. However, the vast majority of these spacers have not yet been associated with the virus they recognize, and it has been named CRISPR dark matter. By analyzing the spacers of tens of thousands of genomes from six bacterial species, we have been able to reduce the CRISPR dark matter from 80% to as low as 15% in some of the species. In addition, we have observed that, when a genome presents CRISPR-Cas systems, this is accompanied by particular sets of membrane proteins. Our results suggest that when bacteria present membrane proteins that make it compete better in its environment and these proteins are, in turn, receptors for specific phages, they would be forced to acquire CRISPR-Cas.
Structural basis of bacteriophage T5 infection trigger and
E. coli
cell wall perforation
Authors: Linares Romain , Arnaud Charles-Adrien , Effantin Grégory , Darnault Claudine , Epalle Nathan Hugo , Boeri Erba Elisabetta , Schoehn Guy , Breyton Cécile
Published: March 2023

Most bacteriophages present a tail allowing host recognition, cell wall perforation, and viral DNA channeling from the capsid to the infected bacterium cytoplasm. The majority of tailed phages bear a long flexible tail (
Siphoviridae
) at the tip of which receptor binding proteins (RBPs) specifically interact with their host, triggering infection. In siphophage T5, the unique RBP is located at the extremity of a central fiber. We present the structures of T5 tail tip, determined by cryo–electron microscopy before and after interaction with its
E. coli
receptor, FhuA, reconstituted into nanodisc. These structures bring out the important conformational changes undergone by T5 tail tip upon infection, which include bending of T5 central fiber on the side of the tail tip, tail anchoring to the membrane, tail tube opening, and formation of a transmembrane channel. The data allow to detail the first steps of an otherwise undescribed infection mechanism.
Inflammatory CD4/CD8 double-positive human T cells arise from reactive CD8 T cells and are sufficient to mediate GVHD pathology
Authors: Hess Nicholas J. , Turicek David P. , Riendeau Jeremiah , McIlwain Sean J. , Contreras Guzman Emmanuel , Nadiminti Kalyan , Hudson Amy , Callander Natalie S. , Skala Melissa C. , Gumperz Jenny E. , Hematti Peiman , Capitini Christian M.
Published: March 2023

An important paradigm in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCTs) is the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity of donor T cells. From an observational clinical study of adult allo-HCT recipients, we identified a CD4
+
/CD8
+
double-positive T cell (DPT) population, not present in starting grafts, whose presence was predictive of ≥ grade 2 GVHD. Using an established xenogeneic transplant model, we reveal that the DPT population develops from antigen-stimulated CD8 T cells, which become transcriptionally, metabolically, and phenotypically distinct from single-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Isolated DPTs were sufficient to mediate xeno-GVHD pathology when retransplanted into naïve mice but provided no survival benefit when mice were challenged with a human B-ALL cell line. Overall, this study reveals human DPTs as a T cell population directly involved with GVHD pathology.
Height, social position and coronary heart disease incidence: the contribution of genetic and environmental factors
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Lahtinen Hannu , Davey Smith George , Morris Tim T , Martikainen Pekka
Published: March 2023

Background

The associations between height, socioeconomic position (SEP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence are well established, but the contribution of genetic factors to these associations is still poorly understood. We used a polygenic score (PGS) for height to shed light on these associations.

Methods

Finnish population-based health surveys in 1992–2011 (response rates 65–93%) were linked to population registers providing information on SEP and CHD incidence up to 2019. The participants (N=29 996; 54% women) were aged 25–75 at baseline, and there were 1767 CHD incident cases (32% in women) during 472 973 person years of follow-up. PGS-height was calculated based on 33 938 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and residual height was defined as the residual of height after adjusting for PGS-height in a linear regression model. HRs of CHD incidence were calculated using Cox regression.

Results

PGS-height and residual height showed clear gradients for education, social class and income, with a larger association for residual height. Residual height also showed larger associations with CHD incidence (HRs per 1 SD 0.94 in men and 0.87 in women) than PGS-height (HRs per 1 SD 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). Only a small proportion of the associations between SEP and CHD incidence was statistically explained by the height indicators (6% or less).

Conclusions

Residual height associations with SEP and CHD incidence were larger than for PGS-height. This supports the role of material and social living conditions in childhood as contributing factors to the association of height with both SEP and CHD risk.
Harnessing legal structures of virtue for planetary health
Authors: Ip Eric C
Published: March 2023

Humans and other species depend on the planet’s well-being to survive and flourish. The health of the planet and its ecosystems is under threat from anthropogenic climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss. The promotion of planetary health against entrenched degradation of nature urgently requires ethical guidance. Using an ecocentric virtue jurisprudence approach, this article argues that the highest end of safeguarding planetary health is to secure the flourishing of the Earth community, of which the flourishing of humanity is but one component. The article demonstrates how law, despite its historic role in facilitating our present planetary crisis, has an untapped potential to redeem itself by promoting planetary flourishing through the creation of conditions conducive to the practice of moral virtues, which can help meet the challenges of the Anthropocene. Once given an ecocentric interpretation, the cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, courage and moderation, as well as their subvirtues, can justify or produce legal structures that address everything from the human right to a healthy environment to the rights of nature.
Safety and efficacy of belimumab in older adults with SLE: results of an integrated analysis of clinical trial data
Authors: D'Cruz David , Eriksson Gina , Green Yulia , Hammer Anne , Ji Beulah , Meizlik Paige , Roth David A
Published: March 2023

Objective

Assess the safety and efficacy of belimumab in older adults with SLE.

Methods

This post hoc integrated analysis (GSK Study 116559) included safety data from six randomised, placebo-controlled belimumab trials (BLISS-76, BLISS-52, BLISS-SC, North East Asia study, LBSL02, EMBRACE; n=4170). The BASE study provided additional safety data (n=4003). Efficacy data were from five of the trials. Older adults (≥65 years) were compared with the overall populations of patients with SLE. Patients who had received ≥1 treatment dose were included.

Results

Sixty-three older adults (1.5%) were included in the pooled safety analysis population and 156 (3.9%) in the BASE study. At baseline, older adults had lower disease activity but more organ damage than the overall populations. In the pooled safety analysis population, five (18.5%) placebo-treated and ten (27.8%) belimumab-treated older adults experienced ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE), as did 230 (17.0%) placebo-treated and 421 (15.0%) belimumab-treated patients overall. In the BASE study, nine (11.0%) placebo-treated and six (8.1%) belimumab-treated older adults experienced ≥1 SAE, as did 222 (11.1%) placebo-treated and 220 (11.0%) belimumab-treated patients overall. No clinically relevant differences in deaths and adverse events of special interest were observed between older adults and the overall populations. Older adults’ SLE Responder Index response rates favoured belimumab versus placebo, consistent with the overall population.

Conclusion

The safety and efficacy of belimumab in older adults were generally consistent with the overall populations, suggesting belimumab is a treatment option for older patients with SLE. Due to small numbers of older adults, findings should be interpreted with caution.
Global fits of simplified models for dark matter with GAMBIT
Authors: Chang Christopher , Scott Pat , Gonzalo Tomás E. , Kahlhoefer Felix , Kvellestad Anders , White Martin
Published: March 2023

Simplified models provide a useful way to study the impacts of a small number of new particles on experimental observables and the interplay of those observables, without the need to construct an underlying theory. In this study, we perform global fits of simplified dark matter models with using an up-to-date set of likelihoods for indirect detection, direct detection and collider searches. We investigate models in which a scalar or fermionic dark matter candidate couples to quarks via an s-channel vector mediator. Large parts of parameter space survive for each model. In the case of Dirac or Majorana fermion dark matter, excesses in LHC monojet searches and relic density limits tend to prefer the resonance region, where the dark matter has approximately half the mass of the mediator. A combination of vector and axial-vector couplings to the Dirac candidate also leads to competing constraints from direct detection and unitarity violation.
Testing symmergent gravity through the shadow image and weak field photon deflection by a rotating black hole using the M87$$^*$$ and Sgr. $$\hbox {A}^*$$ results
Authors: Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali , Demir Durmuş
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study rotating black holes in symmergent gravity, and use deviations from the Kerr black hole to constrain the parameters of the symmergent gravity. Symmergent gravity induces the gravitational constantGand quadratic curvature coefficient$$c_{\textrm{O}}$$cOfrom the flat spacetime matter loops. In the limit in which all fields are degenerate in mass, the vacuum energy$$V_{\textrm{O}}$$VOcan be wholly expressed in terms ofGand$$c_{\textrm{O}}$$cO. We parametrize deviation from this degenerate limit by a parameter$${\hat{\alpha }}$$α^such that the black hole spacetime is dS for$${\hat{\alpha }} < 1$$α^<1and AdS for$${\hat{\alpha }} > 1$$α^>1. In constraining the symmergent parameters$$c_{\textrm{O}}$$cOand$${\hat{\alpha }}$$α^, we utilize the EHT observations on the M87* and Sgr. A* black holes. We investigate first the modifications in the photon sphere and shadow size, and find significant deviations in the photonsphere radius and the shadow radius with respect to the Kerr solution. We also find that the geodesics of time-like particles are more sensitive to symmergent gravity effects than the null geodesics. Finally, we analyze the weak field limit of the deflection angle, where we use the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for taking into account the finite distance of the source and the receiver to the lensing object. Remarkably, the distance of the receiver (or source) from the lensing object greatly influences the deflection angle. Moreover,$$c_{\textrm{O}}$$cOneeds be negative for a consistent solution. In our analysis, the rotating black hole acts as a particle accelerator and possesses the sensitivity to probe the symmergent gravity.
A Pilot Study on the Functional Stability of Phonation in EEG Bands After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gómez-Rodellar Andrés , Mekyska Jiří , Gómez-Vilda Pedro , Brabenec Luboš , Šimko Patrik , Rektorová Irena
Published: March 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition with constantly increasing prevalence rates, affecting strongly life quality in terms of neuromotor and cognitive performance. PD symptoms include voice and speech alterations, known as hypokinetic dysarthria (HD). Unstable phonation is one of the manifestations of HD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a rehabilitative treatment thathas been shown to improve some motor and non-motor symptoms of persons with PD (PwP). This study analyzed the phonation functional behavior of 18 participants (13 males, 5 females) with PD diagnosis before (one pre-stimulus) and after (four post-stimulus) evaluation sessions of rTMS treatment, to assess the extent of changes in their phonation stability. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either rTMS or sham stimulation. Voice recordings of a sustained vowel [a:] taken immediately before and after the treatment, and at follow-up evaluation sessions (immediately after, at six, ten, and fourteen weeks after the baseline assessment) were processed by inverse filtering to estimate a biomechanical correlate of vocal fold tension. This estimate was further band-pass filtered into EEG-related frequency bands. Log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) between pre- and post-stimulus amplitude distributions of each frequency band showed significant differences in five cases actively stimulated. Seven cases submitted to the sham protocol did not show relevant improvements in phonation instability. Conversely, four active cases did not show phonation improvements, whereas two sham cases did. The study provides early preliminary insights into the capability of phonation quality assessment by monitoring neuromechanical activity from acoustic signals in frequency bands aligned with EEG ones.
A Prediction Model Based on Gated Nonlinear Spiking Neural Systems
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Yang Qian , Liu Zhicai , Peng Hong , Wang Jun
Published: March 2023

Nonlinear spiking neural P (NSNP) systems are one of neural-like membrane computing models, abstracted by nonlinear spiking mechanisms of biological neurons. NSNP systems have a nonlinear structure and can show rich nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, we introduce a variant of NSNP systems, called gated nonlinear spiking neural P systems or GNSNP systems. Based on GNSNP systems, a recurrent-like model is investigated, called GNSNP model. Moreover, exchange rate forecasting tasks are used as the application background to verify its ability. For the purpose, we develop a prediction model based on GNSNP model, called ERF-GNSNP model. In ERF-GNSNP model, the GNSNP model is followed by a “dense” layer, which is used to capture the correlation between different sub-series in multivariate time series. To evaluate the prediction performance, nine groups of exchange rate data sets are utilized to compare the proposed ERF-GNSNP model with 25 baseline prediction models. The comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ERF-GNSNP model for exchange rate forecasting tasks.
Wigner distribution of Sine-Gordon and Kink solitons
Authors: Radhakrishnan Ramkumar , Ojha Vikash Kumar
Published: March 2023

Wigner distributions play a significant role in formulating the phase–space analog of quantum mechanics. The Schrödinger wave functional for solitons is needed to derive it for solitons. The Wigner distribution derived can further be used for calculating the charge distributions, current densities and wave function amplitude in position or momentum space. It can be also used to calculate the upper bound of the quantum speed limit time. We derive and analyze the Wigner distributions for Kink and Sine-Gordon solitons by evaluating the Schrödinger wave functional for both solitons. The charge, current density, and quantum speed limit for solitons are also discussed which we obtain from the derived analytical expression of Wigner distributions.
Significance of an incident solar energy toward the MHD micropolar fluid flow over a stretching sheet
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Haq Izharul , Almusawa Musawa Yahya , Saeed Anwar , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the mixed convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid over an extending sheet. The first-order velocity slip condition is taken to observe the slip flow of the fluid. The applications of solar radiation toward the micropolar fluid flow are analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the Brownian motion, thermophoresis and Joule heating impacts are also studied. Also, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model, chemical reaction and activation energy are observed. The leading PDEs have been transformed to ODEs and then solved with the help of homotopy analysis technique. The impacts of different physical parameters have been evaluated theoretically. The outcomes exhibited that the material factors have augmented the microrotation and velocity profiles. Moreover, the velocity slip parameter has a reverse relation with velocity and microrotation profiles, while there is a direct relation of a velocity slip with the energy curve. The velocity profile has increased with higher thermal and mass Grashof numbers. With increasing Brownian motion parameter, the thermal profile is amplified while the concentration profile is declined. On the other hand, the thermal and mass profiles have been boosted with greater thermophoresis parameter. The velocity profile has decreased with higher magnetic parameter, whereas the temperature profile has augmented with higher magnetic parameter. The couple stress and skin friction have been augmented with material parameter, whereas the skin friction has been reduced with thermal and mass Grashof numbers.
The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction effects in antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model
Authors: Albayrak Erhan
Published: March 2023

The spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg model is considered in the mean-field approximation in terms of the spin operators [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the matrix forms with the introduction of bilinear exchange interaction ([Formula: see text]), the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) ([Formula: see text]) and external magnetic fields ([Formula: see text]) into the Hamiltonian in three dimensions. The thermal changes of sublattice magnetizations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated in the isotropic case to identify the critical behaviors displayed by the system. The phase diagrams are illustrated on various planes of system parameters for given coordination numbers [Formula: see text] and 6. In addition, the graphs of the magnetization components in the same directions were drawn against each other and very interesting results were obtained. The model exhibits the ordered phases, i.e., AFM, ferromagnetic (FM), and a phase with random or oscillatory behavior (R). The phase transitions are observed between FM and R phases when for all [Formula: see text], between FM and AFM when [Formula: see text] only and, AFM and R at low temperatures for very small [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values.
A Refined Combined Grid Model for Characterizing Concealed Microcracks with Various Geometric Shapes Based on Radar Signal Processing
Authors: Hua Fei , Ling Tonghua , He Wenchao , Liu Xianjun
Published: March 2023

The concealed microcracks in shield tunnel lining present the characteristics of being of small size, unknown shape, and are difficult to detect. Based on the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) approach, this study proposed a new construction method of a refined grid accommodating and combining the variable shapes of microcracks, and capable of designing cross type, mesh type, and wave type microcrack models. The proposed new method also configured steel bars in the models to simulate actual engineering conditions, and characteristic response images of the models under different working conditions were obtained using ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology, which were then compared and analyzed to identify the imaging characteristics and differences of microcracks with variable geometric shapes. The waveform, amplitude, and time span of the characteristic single channel signal were furthermore studied. The results showed that the new method could successfully simulate the GPR characteristic response images of 0.5[Formula: see text]mm microcracks of diverse geometric shapes. When the microcracks were wavy, their real shape could only be determined after signal pre-processing; the density and quantity of steel bars directly affected the appearance of microcrack characteristic signals; the greater the density and quantity of steel bars, the greater the interference on the waveform, amplitude, and time-frequency range of electromagnetic wave signals; a special correlation existed between the maximum mean root square value of the amplitude and the single channel signal of the cracks. Moreover, the finding that the extension in time and distance in the GPR time distance profile intersected with the cracks was deemed potentially to provide fresh insights into identifying the characteristic points of the cracks in the GPR images. The new method proposed in this study successfully obtained the GPR numerical simulation images and characteristic signals of microcracks with variable geometric shapes. Through the processing and analysis of the characteristic response signals of microcracks, the conclusions obtained were considered to provide an interpretation basis for the detection of microcracks in practical engineering.
Toward Design and Implementation of Self-Balancing Robot Using Deep Learning
Authors: Nagrath Preeti , Jain Rachna , Agarwal Drishti , Chaudhary Gopal , Huang Tianhong
Published: March 2023

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, an immense amount of sensing devices are obtained and produce various sensory data over time for a wide range of disciplines and applications. These devices will result in significant, fast, and real-time data streams based on the utilization characteristics. Utilizing analytics over such data streams to identify new information, model future insights, and make control decisions is a necessary process that makes IoT a worthy paradigm for businesses and a quality-of-life improving technology. This paper presents a study of digital agriculture and its significance in terms of the application of an IoT-based device — a two-wheeled self-balancing robot — followed by a thorough procedural explanation of the development of the device, which begins with the mathematical modeling of the system through the Euler–Lagrange method to obtain the equations of motion for the same and linearize the equation to define the control method to be used to balance the robot structure, all based on the concept of the inverted pendulum. Then paper discusses the suitable and the most efficient control method, which is the linear quadratic regulator (LQR), for these robots. Then deep learning-based LQR (DL-LQR) method is implemented in the robots performing the algorithm to balance it successfully.
A Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Regional Economic Development Quality Based on a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Li Jiqiang
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an in-depth research analysis on the evaluation of the development quality of regional economy through an improved convolutional neural network algorithm, and uses it to design a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the practical process. Based on the measured indices of different variables, a spatial econometric model is constructed and provincial panel data are selected to empirically analyze the impact and spatial spillover effects of financial agglomeration and technological innovation on regional economic quality development from both static and dynamic aspects and to examine the spatial correlation of the factors. A new serial data flow model is adopted, which optimizes the control of data flow in convolutional computation, reduces the percentage of clock cycles used to read memory data, and increases the computational efficiency. At the same time, with dynamic data caching, a convolutional computation can be completed in one clock cycle, reducing the memory capacity required for caching intermediate data. The effectiveness of the evaluation system constructed in this paper is further tested. Most of the indicators have a significant positive or negative impact on the quality level of economic development, and the direction of the impact is consistent with the positive and negative attributes of the indicators in this study, which verifies the validity of the evaluation indicator system constructed in this paper. In summary of the study, effective suggestions are made in terms of human capital investment, reasonable allocation of fiscal expenditure, enhancing regional greening development and improving risk prevention measures.
Collective behaviors of stochastic agent-based models and applications to finance and optimization
Authors: Ko Dongnam , Ha Seung-Yeal , Lee Euntaek , Shim Woojoo
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present a survey of recent progress on the emergent behaviors of stochastic particle models which arise from the modeling of collective dynamics. Collective dynamics of interacting autonomous agents is ubiquitous in nature, and it can be understood as a formation of concentration in a state space. The jargons such as aggregation, herding, flocking and synchronization describe such concentration phenomena. Recently it became one of the emerging topics in the applied mathematics community due to possible engineering applications and close relation with nonlocal partial differential equations. When an autonomous agent system interacts with unknown environment as an open system, the effects of hidden and unidentified interactions between the environment and the autonomous system are often realized by stochastic noises in agent dynamics, and the temporal evolution of the autonomous system results in stochastic collective models. From the viewpoint of dynamical systems theory, it is very interesting how collective dynamics emerges from initial state. As concrete examples, we consider four specific stochastic collective models (stochastic Winfree and Kuramoto models for synchronization, the stochastic Cucker–Smale model for flocking, and a first-order stochastic nonlinear consensus model), and we also briefly review the state-of-the-art results for these models on the emergence of collective dynamics and discuss their applications in finance and optimization.
A nonlinear bending theory for nematic LCE plates
Authors: Bartels Sören , Griehl Max , Neukamm Stefan , Padilla-Garza David , Palus Christian
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study an elastic bilayer plate composed of a nematic liquid crystal elastomer in the top layer and a nonlinearly elastic material in the bottom layer. While the bottom layer is assumed to be stress-free in the flat reference configuration, the top layer features an eigenstrain that depends on the local liquid crystal orientation. As a consequence, the plate shows non-flat deformations in equilibrium with a geometry that non-trivially depends on the relative thickness and shape of the plate, material parameters, boundary conditions for the deformation, and anchorings of the liquid crystal orientation. We focus on thin plates in the bending regime and derive a two-dimensional bending model that combines a nonlinear bending energy for the deformation, with a surface Oseen–Frank energy for the director field that describes the local orientation of the liquid crystal elastomer. Both energies are nonlinearly coupled by means of a spontaneous curvature term that effectively describes the nematic-elastic coupling. We rigorously derive this model as a [Formula: see text]-limit from three-dimensional, nonlinear elasticity. We also devise a new numerical algorithm to compute stationary points of the two-dimensional model. We conduct numerical experiments and present simulation results that illustrate the practical properties of the proposed scheme as well as the rich mechanical behavior of the system.
L1-Theory for Hele-Shaw flow with linear drift
Authors: Igbida Noureddine
Published: March 2023

The main goal of this paper is to prove [Formula: see text]-comparison and contraction principles for weak solutions of PDE system corresponding to a phase transition diffusion model of Hele-Shaw type with addition of a linear drift. The flow is considered with a source term and subject to mixed homogeneous boundary conditions: Dirichlet and Neumann. The PDE can be focused to model for instance biological applications including multi-species diffusion-aggregation models and pedestrian dynamics with congestion. Our approach combines DiPerna-Lions renormalization type with Kruzhkov device of doubling and de-doubling variables. The [Formula: see text]-contraction principle allows afterwards to handle the problem in a general framework of nonlinear semigroup theory in [Formula: see text], thus taking advantage of this strong theory to study furthermore existence, uniqueness, comparison of weak solutions, [Formula: see text]-stability as well as many further questions.
A Method of Reliability Assessment Based on Fine Tuning Deep Learning Model for Open Source Software in Edge Computing
Authors: Tamura Yoshinobu , Yamada Shigeru
Published: March 2023

Recently, the computing service has been changing from the cloud computing to the edge one. The edge computing is very important to serve nearly the IoT devices. In particular, several IoT devices have no-large scale computer storage. Therefore, the edge servers will be able to solve the problems of small-scale computer storage. Also, the edge computing is structured by several open source software. Then, the open source software updates version-up day by day. The version-upgradation is the characteristic of open source software. This paper focuses on the keywords such as the edge computing, deep learning, reliability assessment, and open source software. We propose the method of reliability assessment based on deep learning.
Henselian expansions of NIP fields
Authors: Jahnke Franziska
Published: March 2023

Let K be an NIP field and let v be a Henselian valuation on K. We ask whether [Formula: see text] is NIP as a valued field. By a result of Shelah, we know that if v is externally definable, then [Formula: see text] is NIP. Using the definability of the canonical p-Henselian valuation, we show that whenever the residue field of v is not separably closed, then v is externally definable. In the case of separably closed residue field, we show that [Formula: see text] is NIP as a pure valued field.
First Passage Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Non-Stationary and Non-Gaussian Buffeting Random Dynamic Responses of Long-Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Junhan
Published: March 2023

In the complex mountain wind environment, especially in the strong wind, fluctuating wind speed is a non-stationary and non-Gaussian random process. With the increase of suspension bridges’ span, they are more sensitive to wind-induced vibration response. In this paper, a non-stationary and non-Gaussian buffeting reliability analysis method for long-span bridges is presented. Firstly, the non-stationary wind speed is simulated by the modulation function based on the stationary wind speed model. Secondly, the load is obtained by simulated wind speed, the obtained loads are loaded on the finite element model by ANSYS and the whole bridge time-domain analysis is performed, the time history of displacement response is obtained. Thirdly, based on the first excursion failure criterion of random vibration, the samples of the non-stationary and non-Gaussian displacement time history are transformed into a standard Gaussian process through a modified Fleishman approximation method, and then the non-stationary Poisson distribution method is used for structural reliability analysis. Finally, a mountainous long-span suspension bridge is used as the engineering background, and the proposed reliability analysis method is applied to analyze the reliability of the bridge. The influence of different wind attack angles and modulation functions on the dynamic reliability of the bridge is further studied. The results indicate that the displacement response obtained by the transformation of non-stationary and non-Gaussian random process is less reliable than that obtained by traditional analysis method. Its dynamic reliability is maximum at 1[Formula: see text] wind attack angle, the reliability of negative wind attack angle is lower than that of positive wind attack angle, and decreases with the increase of wind attack angle. The reliability obtained by using different modulation functions is lower than that of traditional method. If the traditional analysis method is still used for reliability analysis, it will produce unsafe consequences and reduce the engineering safety reserve.
Dynamic Behavior of Metro Train–LSB (Long–Span Bridge) System Considering Nonlinearity of Resilient Wheel
Authors: Chen Zhaowei , Pu Qianhua , Long Quanming , Zhou Wenhao , Zhu Li
Published: March 2023

To overall investigate the mechanical performance of resilient wheels to suppress the vehicle–bridge (especially LSB) coupled vibration, the coupled dynamic characteristics of metro train–LSB considering nonlinear resilient wheels are studied. Firstly, the mechanical property test of rubber of resilient wheel is designed and conducted, the mechanical characteristics of the nonlinear resilient wheel (NLRW) and linear resilient wheel (LRW) are discussed, and the dynamic model of LRW and NLRW are established. Then, based on train–track–bridge dynamic interaction theory, the coupled dynamic models of metro train–LSB considering LRW and NLRW are established, respectively. Adopting the established model, the dynamic influences of NLRW and LRW on the metro train–LSB coupled system are investigated by long-short wave irregularity excitation. The effects of damping characteristics of LRW and NLRW on the metro train–LSB system are discussed from the time–frequency domain. Results show that the wheel–rail vertical force of NLRW is smaller than that of LRW. The acceleration of the web, axle box, bogie, and car body of the NLRW is smaller than that of the LRW. The main frequency of wheel–rail vertical force under the action of NLRW and LRW is about 4 and 22[Formula: see text]Hz. The main frequencies of the rim and web of the NLRW are about 25[Formula: see text]Hz, while those of the LRW are about 50 and 25[Formula: see text]Hz, respectively. The acceleration of the web of the NLRW is significantly smaller than that of the LRW. The main frequency of acceleration of the LSB is about 10[Formula: see text]Hz, and the acceleration of the LSB under the action of NLRW is significantly less than that of the LRW when the frequency is in the range of 22–62[Formula: see text]Hz. Vibrations of the metro train and LSB increase with the increase of speed, and the dynamic response of the metro train–LSB system under the action of NLRW is smaller than that of LRW.
The noncommutative geometry of matrix polynomial algebras
Authors: Nguefack Bertrand
Published: March 2023

This work investigates the noncommutative affine geometry of matrix polynomial algebra extensions of a coefficient algebra by (elementary) matrix variables. A precise description of the spectrum (of maximal one-sided or bilateral ideals) of general matrix algebras is required. It results that the Zariski space of the irreducible representations of a matrix algebra is obtained by a natural gluing of the Zariski spaces of the irreducible representations of its diagonal components. An important step for the geometry of matrix polynomial algebras in commuting variables is achieved by a generalization of the Amitsur–Small Nullstellensatz, from which follows a precise description of their primitive quotients. We also characterize which of them are geometric algebras (in the sense of noncommutative deformation theory), reconstructible as algebras of observables from the scheme of irreducible representations. We then prove that each diagonal component of a matrix polynomial algebra in commuting variables is a Jacobson ring, whose non-Noetherian commutative geometry is efficiently described by the geometry of an affine essential subextension. And in the spirit of nonlocal algebraic geometry and addressing an open question by Charlie Beil, we obtain a class of non-Noetherian commutative monoid rings admitting closed points with positive geometric dimension.
Regularity and maximal subsemigroups in semigroups of full transformations with fixed permuting sets
Authors: Chaiya Yanisa
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a nonempty set and [Formula: see text] denote the full transformation semigroup on [Formula: see text]. For a fixed nonempty subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a permutation group on [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is a regular submonoid of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we describe all intra-regular and unit regular elements of [Formula: see text] and give necessary and sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] to be intra-regular and unit regular. We also count the number of these elements when [Formula: see text] is a finite set. Moreover, we classify the maximal subsemigroups of [Formula: see text] and prove that these maximal subsemigroup coincide with the maximal regular subsemigroups of [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is a finite set.
How to construct Gorenstein projective modules relative to complete duality pairs over Morita rings
Authors: Ma Yajun , Lü Jiafeng , Li Huanhuan , Hu Jiangsheng
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a Morita ring with [Formula: see text]. We first study how to construct (complete) duality pairs of [Formula: see text]-modules using (complete) duality pairs of [Formula: see text]-modules and [Formula: see text]-modules, generalizing the result of Mao (Commun. Algebra 12 (2020) 5296–5310) about the duality pairs over a triangular matrix ring. Moreover, we construct Gorenstein projective modules relative to complete duality pairs of [Formula: see text]-modules. Finally, we give an application to Ding projective modules.
Slope semistability and positive cones of Grassmann bundles
Authors: Misra Snehajit , Ray Nabanita
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a vector bundle of rank [Formula: see text] on a smooth complex projective variety [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute the nef and pseudoeffective cones of divisors on the Grassmann bundle Gr[Formula: see text] parametrizing [Formula: see text]-dimensional subspaces of the fibers of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] rk([Formula: see text]), under assumptions on [Formula: see text] as well as on the vector bundle [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that nef cone and the pseudoeffective cone of Gr[Formula: see text] coincide if and only if nef cone and pseudoeffective cone of [Formula: see text] coincide under the assumption that [Formula: see text] is a slope semistable bundle on [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text](End([Formula: see text]))=0. We also discuss about the nefness and ampleness of the universal quotient bundle [Formula: see text] on Gr[Formula: see text].
Quasi-pre-Lie bialgebras and twisting of pre-Lie algebras
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Jiefeng
Published: March 2023

Given a (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebra, we first construct a differential graded Lie algebra ([Formula: see text]-algebra). Then we study the twisting theory of (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebras and show that the result of the twisting by a linear map on a (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebra is also a (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebra if and only if the linear map is a solution of the Maurer–Cartan equation of the associated differential graded Lie algebra ([Formula: see text]-algebra). In particular, the relative Rota–Baxter operators (twisted relative Rota–Baxter operators) on pre-Lie algebras are solutions of the Maurer–Cartan equation of the differential graded Lie algebra ([Formula: see text]-algebra) associated to the certain quasi-twilled pre-Lie algebra. Finally, we use the twisting theory of (quasi-)twilled pre-Lie algebras to study quasi-pre-Lie bialgebras. Moreover, we give a construction of quasi-pre-Lie bialgebras through symplectic Lie algebras, which is parallel to that a Cartan [Formula: see text]-form on a semi-simple Lie algebra gives a quasi-Lie bialgebra.