bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization and First Realization Steps for a Multi-Camera System to Capture Tree Streamlining in Wind
Authors: Kammel Frederik O. , Reiterer Alexander
Published: October 2024

Forests and trees provide a variety of essential ecosystem services. Maintaining them is becoming increasingly important, as global and regional climate change is already leading to major changes in the structure and composition of forests. To minimize the negative effects of storm damage risk, the tree and stand characteristics on which the storm damage risk depends must be known. Previous work in this field has consisted of tree-pulling tests and targets attached to selected branches. They fail, however, since the mass of such targets is very high compared to the mass of the branches, causing the targets to influence the tree’s response significantly, and because they cannot model dynamic wind loads. We, therefore, installed a multi-camera system consisting of nine cameras that are mounted on four masts surrounding a tree. With those cameras acquiring images at a rate of 10 Hz, we use photogrammetry and a semi-automatic feature-matching workflow to deduce a 3D model of the tree crown over time. Together with motion sensors mounted on the tree and tree-pulling tests, we intended to learn more about the wind-induced tree response of all dominant aerial tree parts, including the crown, under real wind conditions, as well as dampening processes in tree motion.
Carbon Sequestration and Landscape Influences in Urban Greenspace Coverage Variability: A High-Resolution Remote Sensing Study in Luohe, China
Authors: Huang Jing , Song Peihao , Liu Xiaojuan , Li Ang , Wang Xinyu , Liu Baoguo , Feng Yuan
Published: October 2024

Urbanization has significantly altered urban landscape patterns, leading to a continuous reduction in the proportion of green spaces. As critical carbon sinks in urban carbon cycles, urban green spaces play an indispensable role in mitigating climate change. This study aims to evaluate the carbon capture and storage potential of urban green spaces in Luohe, China, and identify the landscape factors influencing carbon sequestration. The research combines on-site data collection with high-resolution remote sensing, utilizing the i-Tree Eco model to estimate carbon sequestration rates across areas with varying levels of greenery. The study reveals that the carbon sequestration capacity of urban green spaces in Luohe City is 1.30 t·C·ha−1·yr−1. Among various vegetation indices, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) explains urban green space carbon sequestration most effectively through an exponential model (R2 = 0.65, AIC = 136.5). At the city-wide scale, areas with higher greening rates, better connectivity, and more complex edge morphology exhibit superior carbon sequestration efficiency. The explanatory power of key landscape indices on carbon sequestration is 78% across the study area, with variations of 71.5%, 62%, and 84.9% for low, medium, and high greening rate areas, respectively. Moreover, when greening rates reach a certain threshold, maintaining and optimizing the quality of existing green spaces becomes more critical than simply expanding the green area. These insights provide valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers on enhancing the ecological functions of urban green spaces during urban development.
Naturalization of the Ornamental Plant Crocus tommasinianus Herb. (Iridaceae) in Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study from Poland
Authors: Nowińska Renata , Czarna Aneta
Published: October 2024

Highlights: Though not highly invasive, bulb and corm ornamental plants can escape cultivation and naturalize in new areas. Studying their naturalization is key to understanding their ecological impact and managing biodiversity. Objectives: This study aimed to document the first naturalization case of Crocus tommasinianus Herb. in Poland and assess the morphological variability of the naturalized population under different environmental conditions. Another objective was to identify diagnostic features in seed testa ornamentation to distinguish C. tommasinianus from related species (C. vernus (L.) Hill. and C. scepusiensis (Rehmann et Wol.) Borbás ex Kulcz.). Methods: The morphometric studies were performed within four subpopulations of C. tommasinianus differing in environmental conditions, determined with Ellenberg indices. Multivariate tests, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were used to determine the morphometric diversity of specimens and to relate them to environmental factors. Seed micro-ornamentation was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Light and temperature were negatively correlated, while moisture, soil pH, and nitrogen were positively correlated with many morphological traits. Plants spreading into forest ecosystems exhibited better-developed features (larger leaves and flowers) than those in former cultivation sites, indicating higher survival potential. The seed coat is papillate, with distinct differences in the shape, size, and secondary sculpture of the papillae compared to C. vernus and C. scepusiensis. Given that floristic studies often occur during the fruiting period of crocuses, testa ornamentation is crucial for identifying the studied species. Conclusions: The observed naturalization of C. tommasinianus demonstrates the high morphological plasticity of plants, which makes them capable of colonizing new areas, including forest habitats.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Treatment Maintains the Postharvest Quality of Litchi Fruit by Inducing Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Li Qiao , Luo Tao , Xu Dandan , Zhu Difa , Li Jingyi , Han Dongmei , Wu Zhenxian
Published: October 2024

Pericarp browning and fruit decay severely reduce the postharvest quality of litchi. Improving the antioxidant capacity of the fruit is an effective way to solve these problems. In our study, the appropriate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) treatment and its mechanism of action on the storability of litchi was investigated. Litchi fruit was soaked in a 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs suspension, water, and 500 mg·L−1 prochloraz for 2 min, respectively. The results showed that the ZnO NPs treatment delayed pericarp browning and decay in litchi fruit and was more effective than prochloraz treatment. The ZnO NPs-treated fruit showed significantly increased contents of total anthocyanin, total phenols, and activities of DPPH scavenging, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the lowest activities of polyphenol oxidase and laccase. ZnO NPs generated hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals, which were beneficial in slowing down the decay and inducing antioxidant capacity. However, these reactive oxygen species also consumed catalase, peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This means that litchi should be treated with an appropriate concentration of ZnO NPs. We concluded that treatment with a 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs suspension could induce antioxidant capacity, which is a promising and effective method to maintain the postharvest quality of litchi.
The Effect of Motivators and Barriers on Attitudes and Willingness to Consume Dairy Functional Foods in Hungary
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad , Malgwi Isaac Hyeladi , Schiavon Stefano , Szigeti Orsolya
Published: October 2024

As the global trend for healthy eating grows, firms are emphasising dairy functional foods (DFFs). This study looks into the relationship between consumer attitudes and readiness to consume DFFs, taking into account how a healthy lifestyle might both motivate and deter people from using them. Hungary was chosen because consumer behaviour towards functional foods is under-researched in comparison to Western Europe. Data were generated using a survey questionnaire from 313 respondents. The results of Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis revealed that consumer attitudes had a considerable influence on the desire to consume DFFs. Furthermore, the motivators and barriers had a direct influence on willingness through the consumer attitudes that serve as mediators. These findings show the need for targeting consumer attitudes and lifestyle characteristics in order to increase the market acceptance of DFFs.
Regenerative and Anti-Senescence Potential of Extracts from Different Parts of Black Persimmon in an In Vitro Model of Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Serio Graziella , Naserian Sina , Fraj Sawssen Ben , Uzan Georges , Gentile Carla
Published: October 2024

Antioxidants are essential for mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining vascular health. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are pivotal in endothelial regeneration and angiogenesis and serve as a model to study the diversity of endothelial cells across various organs. This study evaluated the effects of peel, pulp, and seed extracts from Diospyros digyna Jacq. fruit (black persimmon) on human cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) to determine how the distinct antioxidant profiles of the fruit’s different parts influence cellular functions. The extracts did not affect endothelial marker expression, cell proliferation, or nitric oxide production, indicating no cytotoxic or inflammatory effects. However, functional assays revealed that the seed extract significantly enhanced tube formation, increasing closed tubular networks by 1.5-fold. All extracts promoted cell migration, with the seed extract demonstrating the most substantial effect, surpassing even vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, the seed extract exhibited the strongest reduction in cellular senescence, both before and after oxidative stress induction with H2O2. These findings underscore the potential of black persimmon extracts, especially from the seed, to enhance the regenerative capabilities of CB-ECFCs and reduce cellular senescence without affecting the normal endothelial phenotype. This positions them as promising candidates for developing endothelial cell therapies and advancing vascular regeneration.
Carotenoid and Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of 23 Cultivars of Corn Grain and Corn Husk Extract
Authors: Cai Shaokai , Mao Yuxiang , Gu Yongjian , Huang Bowen , He Zhiyong , Zeng Maomao , Wang Zhaojun , Chen Qiuming , Tang Mingxia , Chen Jie
Published: October 2024

As a byproduct of corn processing, corn husk is usually burned or disposed of. To make a better use of corn husk, its bioactive components need to be further explored. In this work, the carotenoids and phenolics of the extracts from the corn grain and corn husk of 15 different yellow corn and 8 different waxy corn were identified and quantified, and their antioxidant activities were assessed. The results showed many considerable variations in carotenoid contents. Four types of carotenoids were observed only in both yellow corn and black waxy corn. The highest lutein and zeaxanthin contents were both observed in yellow corn husks. Lutein dominates in yellow corn, ranging from 494.5 μg/g dw to 2870.8 μg/g dw, which is followed by zeaxanthin, ranging from 63.0 μg/g dw to 360.2 μg/g dw, and finally β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The total content of polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) of the husk from 13 yellow corn cultivars, as well as the TPC of husk from 8 waxy corn cultivars, were all higher than those of their corn grain, with the highest TPC found in waxy corn husk. Additionally, a total of 20 phenolic compounds were identified, and ferulic acid showed the highest content and reached 1101.9 µg/g dw in a waxy corn husk. The average antioxidant activity of a waxy corn husk was 25–65% higher than that of a yellow corn husk, and the highest values were observed in the husk of the waxy corn cultivar Huhong 1. These results suggested that corn husk is a rich source of lutein and phenolics and provided excellent cultivars as a reference for functional food products in agriculture and the food industry.
Arginine-Biofunctionalized Ternary Hydrogel Scaffolds of Carboxymethyl Cellulose–Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol to Deliver Cell Therapy for Wound Healing
Authors: Mansur Alexandra A. P. , Carvalho Sandhra M. , Brito Ramayana M. de M. , Capanema Nádia S. V. , Duval Isabela de B. , Cardozo Marcelo E. , Rihs José B. R. , Lemos Gabriela G. M. , Lima Letícia C. D. , Reys Marina P. dos , Rodrigues Ana P. H. , Oliveira Luiz C. A. , Sá Marcos Augusto de , Cassali Geovanni D. , Bueno Lilian L. , Fujiwara Ricardo T. , Lobato Zelia I. P. , Mansur Herman S.
Published: October 2024

Wound healing is important for skin after deep injuries or burns, which can lead to hospitalization, long-term morbidity, and mortality. In this field, tissue-engineered skin substitutes have therapy potential to assist in the treatment of acute and chronic skin wounds, where many requirements are still unmet. Hence, in this study, a novel type of biocompatible ternary polymer hybrid hydrogel scaffold was designed and produced through an entirely eco-friendly aqueous process composed of carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol and chemically cross-linked by citric acid, forming three-dimensional (3D) matrices, which were biofunctionalized with L-arginine (L-Arg) to enhance cellular adhesion. They were applied as bilayer skin biomimetic substitutes based on human-derived cell cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were seeded and grown into their 3D porous structures, producing cell-based bio-responsive hybrid hydrogel scaffolds to assist the wound healing process. The results demonstrated that hydrophilic hybrid cross-linked networks were formed via esterification reactions with the 3D porous microarchitecture promoted by foam templating and freeze-drying. These hybrids presented chemical stability, physicochemical properties, high moisture adsorption capacity, surface properties, and a highly interconnected 3D porous structure well suited for use as a skin substitute in wound healing. Additionally, the surface biofunctionalization of these 3D hydrogel scaffolds with L-arginine through amide bonds had significantly enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation of fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures. Hence, the in vivo results using Hairless mouse models (an immunocompromised strain) confirmed that these responsive bio-hybrid hydrogel scaffolds possess hemocompatibility, bioadhesion, biocompatibility, adhesiveness, biodegradability, and non-inflammatory behavior and are capable of assisting the skin wound healing process.
The Association Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Physical Function in Older Japanese Adults Aged 75 Years or Older Living in Independent Senior Housing: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ohno Kanako , Sawada Shuji , Fujimaki Naho , Sakai Kyoko , Wakui Sawako , Shibata Nobuto , Sato Nobuhiro , Naito Hisashi , Machida Shuichi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: Although there are many reports on the association between cognitive and physical functions in older adults, little information is available on those aged ≥75 years. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults over 75 years who live in independent senior housing is associated with physical function. Methods: In this study, 271 participants (174 women and 97 men) with a mean age of 85.4 ± 4.7 years were included. Cognitive function was assessed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; a score < 26 confirmed MCI. MCI was an objective variable in univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Physical function was measured using hand grip strength, normal and maximum gait speeds, and the 30 s chair stand test. Physical function was an explanatory variable adjusted for age and divided into tertiles (high, middle, and low) based on sex. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: There were 170 participants (63%) with MCI. Compared to the non-MCI group, the MCI group had significantly higher age and significantly lower normal and maximum gait speeds and 30 s chair stand test values Age-adjusted univariate analyses in women showed higher MCI rates in the low-fitness group than in the high-fitness group for maximum gait speed and 30 s chair stand test values. No variables were associated with MCI in men. Conclusions: MCI may be associated with physical function in women and older adults over 75 years who live in independent senior housing.
Nutrient Composition of Arugula Leafy Greens Following Application of Ascorbic Acid Foliar Sprays
Authors: Kathi Shivani , Liu He , Laza Haydee , Thompson Leslie , Singh Sukhbir , Li Wei , Simpson Catherine
Published: October 2024

Agronomic biofortification of vitamin C is a promising strategy to address vitamin C deficiencies in populations that lack access to diverse and nutritious diets. Different application methods can improve the vitamin C content in various crops; however, foliar application of ascorbic acid (AA) solutions has been under-explored. To determine if spray concentration, number of applications, and day of harvest would affect vitamin C in arugula leafy greens, foliar sprays consisting of 100 ppm and 200 ppm of AA and deionized (DI) water control were applied. Treatment application was initiated during the baby-leaf stage and subjected to a total of three sprays over the course of the experiment, followed by harvest at two days and four days after spraying (DAS). The harvested plants were measured for fresh and dry biomass and analyzed for vitamin C content, mineral composition, chlorophyll levels, and carotenoid content. The results of this study demonstrated a notably elevated total vitamin C concentration (p = 0.0002) and AA content (p = 0.02) in arugula leaves treated with a 200 ppm AA spray following the third application and harvested at 4 DAS. Additionally, the AA application improved the fresh and dry weight of leafy greens but did not exhibit any significant variances regarding the mineral composition of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn, and Fe. Alternatively, AA foliar sprays reduced Cu content in leaves suggesting that AA reduced Cu accumulation in arugula leafy greens. In summary, the findings of this study establish that the foliar application of 200 ppm AA is an effective approach for increasing the vitamin C content in arugula leafy greens while improving the plant’s biomass, mineral composition, and stress responses. These biofortified arugula leafy greens exhibit the potential to offer plant protection against environmental stresses and a more consistent supply of vitamin C to humans upon consumption.
The Potential for Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning to Classify Internal Quality Defects in Macadamia Nuts
Authors: Farrar Michael B. , Martinez Marcela , Jones Kim , Omidvar Negar , Wallace Helen M. , Chen Thomas , Hosseini Bai Shahla
Published: October 2024

Tree nuts are rich in nutrients, and global production and consumption have doubled during the last decade. However, nuts have a range of quality defects that must be detected and removed during post-harvest processing. Tree nuts can develop hidden internal discoloration, and current sorting methods are prone to subjectivity and human error. Therefore, non-destructive, real-time methods to evaluate internal nut quality are needed. This study explored the potential for VNIR (400–1000 nm) hyperspectral imaging to classify brown center disorder in macadamias. This study compared the accuracy of classifiers developed using images of kernels imaged in face-up and face-down orientations. Classification accuracy was excellent using face-up (>97.9%) and face-down (>94%) images using ensemble and linear discriminate models before and after wavelength selection. Combining images to form a pooled dataset also provided high accuracy (>90%) using artificial neural network and support vector machine models. Overall, HSI has great potential for commercial application in nut processing to detect internal brown centers using images of the outside kernel surface in the VNIR range. This technology will allow rapid and non-destructive evaluation of intact nut products that can then be marketed as a high-quality, defect-free product, compared with traditional methods that rely heavily on representative sub-sampling.
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Determining the Harvesting Time of Olive Fruit
Authors: Krapac Marin , Gunjača Jerko , Sladonja Barbara , Benčić Đani , Brkić Bubola Karolina
Published: October 2024

The harvesting time of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit, which significantly affects the characteristics of virgin olive oil, is mainly determined empirically based on the fruit’s skin color. Developing objective methods such as electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for assessing ripeness is essential. This study aimed to explore the potential of EIS as a rapid and objective technique for detecting the harvesting time of olives. Olive fruits from two varieties, ‘Picholine’ and ‘Buža momjanska’, were harvested in two periods and sorted into four color groups. EIS was applied to each color group to establish a relationship between fruit color and electrochemical properties. The distance of the coordinate at the top of the circular arc of the Cole–Cole plot from the origin (LTO) indicated tissue degradation. The LTO values varied depending on the olive variety, fruit color, and harvest date. The LTO values decreased from green to black fruits in both varieties, indicating textural changes in the olive fruit tissue. This study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the electrical properties of olive fruit tissue during ripening. EIS shows potential as an innovative tool for determining the harvesting time of olives and for ‘in-field’ olive ripeness assessment.
Occupational Safety, Health, and Well-Being Concerns and Solutions for Management Reported by Sign Language Interpreters: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roman Gretchen , Demian Cristina , Love Tanzy , Yousefi-Nooraie Reza
Published: October 2024

While the occupational health of sign language interpreters has traditionally focused on physical health, evidence demonstrating mental health concerns is growing and supporting a shift to a more integrated approach. We embarked on a qualitative study to guide the adaptation of a previously developed Total Worker Health® program to the context of sign language interpreting. Eight unstructured 90-min focus groups were conducted. Interpreters reported occupational safety, health, and well-being concerns and shared their solutions for management. Twenty-seven interpreters participated (aged 53.7 years; 81% female; 85% white). Predominant concerns centered on topics like workplace violence, secondary traumatic stress or vicarious trauma, lack of work–life integration or boundaries, and loss of agency or loss of self. The organizational culture of the field fostered deprioritization of self, oppression, elitism, sexism, and unhealthy relationships with interpreter peers and community members. Physical health remained a contributor, specifically the physical effects of non-physical work, aging, and differences in exposures across interpreting settings but paled in comparison to mental health and organizational culture. Solutions for management included but were not limited to prioritization of jobs, creating safe spaces/communities of supported practice, and exercise. This study supports the evolution of future research, practice, policy, and capacity building aspiring to a more integrated approach.
Evaluation of the Effect of an α-Adrenergic Blocker, a PPAR-γ Receptor Agonist, and a Glycemic Regulator on Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Morones Jorge , Pérez Mariana , Muñoz Martín , Sánchez Esperanza , Ávila Manuel , Topete Jorge , Ventura Javier , Martínez Sandra
Published: October 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a globally widespread complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Research indicates that pioglitazone and linagliptin mitigate the risk of DN by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The role of tamsulosin in DN is less studied, but it may contribute to reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The protective effects of combining pioglitazone, linagliptin, and tamsulosin on the kidneys have scarcely been investigated. This study examines the individual and combined effects of these drugs on DN in Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were treated with tamsulosin, pioglitazone, and linagliptin for six weeks. We assessed food and water intake, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), histological markers, urea, creatinine, glucose, NF-κB, IL-1, IL-10, TGF-β, and Col-IV using immunofluorescence and qPCR. The DN group exhibited hyperglycaemia, reduced eGFR, and tissue damage. Tamsulosin and linagliptin improved eGFR, decreased urinary glucose, and repaired tissue damage. Pioglitazone and its combinations restored serum and urinary markers and reduced tissue damage. Linagliptin lowered serum creatinine and tissue injury. In conclusion, tamsulosin, linagliptin, and pioglitazone demonstrated renoprotective effects in DN.
Proteomic Profiling of Endothelial Cell Secretomes After Exposure to Calciprotein Particles Reveals Downregulation of Basement Membrane Assembly and Increased Release of Soluble CD59
Authors: Stepanov Alexander , Shishkova Daria , Markova Victoria , Markova Yulia , Frolov Alexey , Lazebnaya Anastasia , Oshchepkova Karina , Perepletchikova Daria , Smirnova Daria , Basovich Liubov , Repkin Egor , Kutikhin Anton
Published: October 2024

Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are essential circulating scavengers of excessive Ca2+ and PO43− ions, representing a vehicle that removes them from the human body and precludes extraskeletal calcification. Having been internalised by endothelial cells (ECs), CPPs induce their dysfunction, which is accompanied by a remarkable molecular reconfiguration, although little is known about this process’s extracellular signatures. Here, we applied ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to perform a secretome-wide profiling of the cell culture supernatant from primary human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs) and internal thoracic artery ECs (HITAECs) treated with primary CPPs (CPP-P), secondary CPPs (CPP-S), magnesiprotein particles (MPPs), or Ca2+/Mg2+-free Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) for 24 h. Incubation with CPP-P/CPP-S significantly altered the profiles of secreted proteins, delineating physiological and pathological endothelial secretomes. Neither pathway enrichment analysis nor the interrogation of protein–protein interactions detected extracellular matrix- and basement membrane-related molecular terms in the protein datasets from CPP-P/CPP-S-treated ECs. Both proteomic profiling and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay identified an increased level of protectin (CD59) and reduced levels of osteonectin (SPARC), perlecan (HSPG2), and fibronectin (FN1) in the cell culture supernatant upon CPP-P/CPP-S treatment. Elevated soluble CD59 and decreased release of basement membrane components might be considered as potential signs of dysfunctional endothelium.
Exploring the Chemopreventive Effect of Medication on Gene Expression Linked to Colorectal Cancer: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Healthy Colon Mucosa
Authors: Moratalla-Navarro Ferran , Carreras-Torres Robert , Díez-Obrero Virginia , Devall Matthew , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Díez-Villanueva Anna , Guinó Elisabet , Casey Graham , Li Li , Moreno Victor
Published: October 2024

Gene expression appears altered in apparently normal tissue surrounding tumor tissue. The observed biological alterations in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in cancer development and are named the cancer field effect (FE). A robust set of overexpressed FE genes in tissue surrounding colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor were identified in previous studies. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of common medication intake and modifiable risk factors on FE gene expression using a colonic mucosa sample dataset of healthy individuals (BarcUVa-Seq). We applied expression enrichment analysis of the FE genes for each studied medication and factor. Both observational and instrumental (Mendelian randomization) analysis were conducted, and the results were validated using independent datasets. The findings from the observational and instrumental analyses consistently showed that medication intake, especially metformin, considerably downregulated the FE genes. Chemopreventive effects were also noted for antihypertensive drugs targeting the renin–angiotensin system. Conversely, benzodiazepines usage might upregulate FE genes, thus fostering a tumor-promoting microenvironment. In contrast, the findings from the observational and instrumental analyses on modifiable risk factors showed some discrepancies. The instrumental results indicated that obesity and smoking might promote a tumor-favorable microenvironment. These findings offer insights into the biological mechanisms through which risk factors might influence CRC development and highlight the potential chemopreventive roles of metformin and antihypertensive drugs in CRC risk.
A Note on Equivalent and Nonequivalent Parametrizations of the Two-Parameter Logistic Item Response Model
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: October 2024

The two-parameter logistic (2PL) item response model is typically estimated using an unbounded distribution for the trait θ. In this article, alternative specifications of the 2PL models are investigated that consider a bounded or a positively valued θ distribution. It is highlighted that these 2PL specifications correspond to the partial membership mastery model and the Ramsay quotient model, respectively. A simulation study revealed that model selection regarding alternative ranges of the θ distribution can be successfully applied. Different 2PL specifications were additionally compared for six publicly available datasets.
Healthcare Costs of Hospitalizations Due to Aspergillosis and 25-Year Trends in Spain, 1997–2021
Authors: Rincón Villar María , Alonso-Sardón Montserrat , Alvarez-Artero Elisa , Rodríguez Alonso Beatriz , López-Bernús Amparo , Romero-Alegría Ángela , Pardo-Lledías Javier , Belhassen-García Moncef
Published: October 2024

In the last 40 years, a significant increase in the incidence of lung infections by Aspergillus has been reported. The scarcity of studies that describe the costs of aspergillosis indicates that the economic impact of aspergillosis in the hospital environment is greater than that of other fungal infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the direct healthcare costs associated with aspergillosis in the Spanish National Health System from 1997 to 2021. A retrospective nationwide longitudinal descriptive study was designed to review hospital records from the Minimum Basic Data Set of patients admitted to hospitals of the National Health System from 1997 to 2021, with a diagnosis of aspergillosis. A total of 44,586 patients were admitted for aspergillosis in the Spanish National Health System. There was a progressive increase in the average annual cost from 1997 to 2012, which reached a maximum peak, EUR 1,395,154.21 (±2,155,192.87). It decreased between 2014 and 2019, but increased again in 2020 and 2021, EUR 28,675.79 (±30,384.12). The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a weak negative correlation between age and hospital costs and a moderate positive correlation between average length of stay and hospital costs. Our data show that the economic impact of hospitalizations for aspergillosis is significant and increasing at a rate proportionally higher than that of other prevalent diseases. Costs related to Aspergillus infection are associated mainly with respiratory diseases. The results of this economic evaluation may be useful for health authorities to develop a future economic strategy for managing this fungal infection.
Valorization of Residue from Aluminum Industries: A Review
Authors: Harmaji Andrie , Jafari Reza , Simard Guy
Published: October 2024

Recycling and reusing industrial waste and by-products are topics of great importance across all industries, but they hold particular significance in the metal industry. Aluminum, the most widely used non-ferrous metal globally, generates considerable waste during production, including dross, salt slag, spent carbon cathode and bauxite residue. Extensive research has been conducted to recycle and re-extract the remaining aluminum from these wastes. Given their varied environmental impacts, recycling these materials to maximize residue utilization is crucial. The components of dross, salt slag, and bauxite residue include aluminum and various oxides. Through recycling, alumina can be extracted using processes such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, which involve leaching, iron oxide separation, and the production of alumina salt. Initially, the paper will provide a brief introduction to the generation of aluminum residues—namely, dross, salt slag, and bauxite residue—including their environmental impacts, followed by an exploration of their potential applications in sectors such as environmental management, energy, and construction materials.
Asymptotic Properties of a Statistical Estimator of the Jeffreys Divergence: The Case of Discrete Distributions
Authors: Glinskiy Vladimir , Logachov Artem , Logachova Olga , Rojas Helder , Serga Lyudmila , Yambartsev Anatoly
Published: October 2024

We investigate the asymptotic properties of the plug-in estimator for the Jeffreys divergence, the symmetric variant of the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. This study focuses specifically on the divergence between discrete distributions. Traditionally, estimators rely on two independent samples corresponding to two distinct conditions. However, we propose a one-sample estimator where the condition results from a random event. We establish the estimator’s asymptotic unbiasedness (law of large numbers) and asymptotic normality (central limit theorem). Although the results are expected, the proofs require additional technical work due to the randomness of the conditions.
Sequential and Parallel Algorithms to Compute Turbulent Coherent Structures
Authors: Gandía-Barberá Sergio , Cremades Andres , Vinuesa Ricardo , Hoyas Sergio , Pérez-Quiles María Jezabel
Published: October 2024

The behavior of turbulent flows remains a significant unsolved problem in physics. Recently, a large quantity of effort has been directed toward understanding the non-linear interactions of the different flow structures in order to address this challenge. In this paper, different implementations of one exact method for identifying these structures are analyzed. This includes two sequential algorithms and a parallelizable one, developed to handle large-scale data efficiently. The new parallel algorithm offers significant advantages in handling the computational demands of large simulations, providing a more scalable solution for future research.
Economic Load Dispatch Problem Analysis Based on Modified Moth Flame Optimizer (MMFO) Considering Emission and Wind Power
Authors: Albalawi Hani , Wadood Abdul , Park Herie
Published: October 2024

In electrical power system engineering, the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem is a critical issue for fuel cost minimization. This ELD problem is often characterized by non-convexity and subject to multiple constraints. These constraints include valve-point loading effects (VPLEs), generator limits, emissions, and wind power integration. In this study, both emission constraints and wind power are incorporated into the ELD problem formulation, with the influence of wind power quantified using the incomplete gamma function (IGF). This study proposes a novel metaheuristic algorithm, the modified moth flame optimization (MMFO), which improves the traditional moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm through an innovative flame selection process and adaptive adjustment of the spiral length. MMFO is a population-based technique that leverages the intelligent behavior of flames to effectively search for the global optimum, making it particularly suited for solving the ELD problem. To demonstrate the efficacy of MMFO in addressing the ELD problem, the algorithm is applied to four well-known test systems. Results show that MMFO outperforms other methods in terms of solution quality, speed, minimum fuel cost, and convergence rate. Furthermore, statistical analysis validates the reliability, robustness, and consistency of the proposed optimizer, as evidenced by the consistently low fitness values across iterations.
A Wireless Bi-Directional Brain–Computer Interface Supporting Both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Transmission
Authors: Ji Wei , Su Haoyang , Jin Shuang , Tian Ye , Li Gen , Yang Yingkang , Li Jiazhi , Zhou Zhitao , Wei Xiaoling , Tao Tiger H. , Qin Lunming , Ye Yifei , Sun Liuyang
Published: October 2024

Wireless neural signal transmission is essential for both neuroscience research and neural disorder therapies. However, conventional wireless systems are often constrained by low sampling rates, limited channel counts, and their support of only a single transmission mode. Here, we developed a wireless bi-directional brain–computer interface system featuring dual transmission modes. This system supports both low-power Bluetooth transmission and high-sampling-rate Wi-Fi transmission, providing flexibility for various application scenarios. The Bluetooth mode, with a maximum sampling rate of 14.4 kS/s, is well suited for detecting low-frequency signals, as demonstrated by both in vitro recordings of signals from 10 to 50 Hz and in vivo recordings of 16-channel local field potentials in mice. More importantly, the Wi-Fi mode, offering a maximum sampling rate of 56.8 kS/s, is optimized for recording high-frequency signals. This capability was validated through in vitro recordings of signals from 500 to 2000 Hz and in vivo recordings of single-neuron spike firings with amplitudes reaching hundreds of microvolts and high signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, the system incorporates a wireless stimulation function capable of delivering current pulses up to 2.55 mA, with adjustable pulse width and polarity. Overall, this dual-mode system provides an efficient and flexible solution for both neural recording and stimulation applications.
Performing Magnetic Boundary Modulation to Broaden the Operational Wind Speed Range of a Piezoelectric Cantilever-Type Wind Energy Harvester
Authors: Liu Feng-Rui , Zhao Lin-Chuan , Yan Ge , Zhang Wen-Ming , Wu Zhi-Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Long
Published: October 2024

Small piezoelectric wind-induced vibration energy harvesting systems have been widely studied to provide long-term sustainable green energy for a large number of wireless sensor network nodes. Piezoelectric materials are commonly utilized as transducers because of their ability to produce high output power density and their simple structure, but they are prone to material fracture under large deformation conditions. This paper proposes a magnetic boundary modulated stepped beam wind energy harvesting system. On the one hand, the design incorporates a composite stepped beam with both high- and low-stiffness components, allowing for efficient vibration and electrical energy output at low wind speeds. On the other hand, a magnetic boundary constraint mechanism is constructed to prevent the piezoelectric sheet from breaking due to excessive deformation. Experiments have confirmed that the effective operational wind speed range of the harvester with magnetic boundary constraints is doubled compared to that of the harvester without magnetic boundary constraints. Furthermore, by adjusting the magnetic pole spacing of the boundary, the harvesting system can generate sufficiently high output power under high-wind-speed conditions without damaging the piezoelectric sheet.
Wavelength-Switchable Ytterbium-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Based on a Vernier Effect Filter
Authors: Xu Hailong , Zhang Liqiang , Li Xiangdong , Li Jiaxin , Liu Yuanzhen , Yao Yicun , Wang Minghong
Published: October 2024

A wavelength-switchable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser is reported in this article. Two Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs, denoted as MZI1, MZI2) with close free spectral ranges (FSRs) are connected in series to form a Vernier effect sensor. By utilizing the filtering effect of the Vernier effect sensor, the wavelength-switchable output of an ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser is realized. When the 3 dB bandwidth of the Vernier effect filter is set to be 5.31 nm around 1073.42 nm, stable dissipative solitons are obtained. Stretching MZI1 horizontally, the central wavelengths of the pulses can be switched among 1073.42 nm, 1055.38 nm, and 1036.22 nm, with a total tunable central wavelength range of 37.2 nm. When the 3 dB bandwidth of the Vernier effect filter is set to be 4.07 nm, stable amplifier similaritons are obtained. Stretching MZI1 horizontally, the central wavelengths of the pulses are switchable among 1072.71 nm, 1060.15 nm, 1048.92 nm, and 1037.26 nm, with a total tunable central wavelength range of 35.15 nm. Compared with traditional fiber interference filters, the Vernier effect filter has a higher sensitivity, making wavelength switching more convenient and providing a wider tuning range for the ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser.
Effect of the 16S rRNA Gene Hypervariable Region on the Microbiome Taxonomic Profile and Diversity in the Endangered Fish Totoaba macdonaldi
Authors: Pérez-Bustamante Itzel Soledad , Cruz-Flores Roberto , López-Carvallo Jesús Antonio , Sánchez-Serrano Samuel
Published: October 2024

Understanding the intricate dynamics of fish microbiota through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing is pivotal for ecological insights and effective disease management. However, this approach faces challenges including the co-amplification of host mitochondrial sequences and the variability in bacterial composition influenced by the selected 16S rRNA gene regions. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to identify the most suitable 16S rRNA region for bacterial microbial analysis in endangered fish Totoaba macdonaldi, an endemic species of significant ecological and economic importance in Mexico. Targeting four distinct hypervariable regions (V1–V2, V2–V3, V3–V4, and V5–V7) of the 16S rRNA gene, we determined the microbial composition within the distal intestine. A total of 40 microbiomes were sequenced. Our findings underscore the critical impact of region selection on the accuracy of microbiota analysis. The V3–V4 region detected the highest number of bacterial taxa and exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity indices, demonstrating the highest taxonomic resolution. This study emphasizes the necessity of meticulous 16S rRNA region selection for fish microbiota analysis, particularly in native species of ecological and economic significance such as the endangered T. macdonaldi, where information is limited. Such optimization enhances the reliability and applicability of microbiota studies in fisheries management and conservation efforts.
Effect of Curing Time and Ferric Chloride on a Copper Concentrate with a High Arsenic Content
Authors: Quezada Víctor , Zepeda Stephano , Benavente Oscar , Hernández María Cecilia , Melo Evelyn
Published: October 2024

As a result of changes in copper mineralogy, various treatment options for copper sulfides have been explored, including pretreatment processes aimed at enhancing material permeability and improving the dissolution of valuable minerals. Despite its significance, this topic has only recently gained attention. In this research, a copper concentrate with a high arsenic content was studied, with enargite (Cu3AsS4) as the main mineral phase. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment on copper extraction efficiency prior to leaching. Three key variables were investigated: curing time (0, 5, 10, and 15 days), H2SO4 dosage (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg/t), and FeCl3 concentration (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 M). The sample was characterized both before and after pretreatment, revealing the formation of new species such as CuSO4·5H2O and Cu2Cl(OH)3 under optimal conditions of 15 days curing time, 70 kg/t of H2SO4, and 1 M FeCl3. Copper extraction solely through curing reached 20.79%. The analysis suggests that curing time is the most influential factor in the process, accounting for 46% of the overall contribution. In comparison, sulfuric acid and ferric chloride contribute less, with 20% and 10% contributions, respectively.
Cardiomyopathies: The Role of Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Carabetta Nicole , Siracusa Chiara , Leo Isabella , Panuccio Giuseppe , Strangio Antonio , Sabatino Jolanda , Torella Daniele , De Rosa Salvatore
Published: October 2024

Cardiomyopathies are the structural and functional disorders of the myocardium. Etiopathogenesis is complex and involves an interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors eventually leading to myocardial abnormalities. It is known that non-coding (Nc) RNAs, including micro (mi)-RNAs and long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Several studies have explored the role of miRNAs in the development of various pathologies, including heart diseases. In this review, we analyzed various patterns of ncRNAs expressed in the most common cardiomyopathies: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Understanding the role of different ncRNAs implicated in cardiomyopathic processes may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and novel risk stratification models based on gene expression. The analysis of ncRNAs may also be helpful to unveil the molecular mechanisms subtended to these diseases.
Practices and Barriers in Implementing the Low FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Malaysian Dietitians: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ke Tham , Sameeha Mohd , Siah Kewin , Jeffri Putri , Idrus Noor , Krishnasamy Shanthi
Published: October 2024

The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet (LFD) is a second-line dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, involving FODMAP restriction, reintroduction, and personalization, and it needs to be delivered by dietitians. However, the application of this diet among Malaysian IBS patients is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the practices and barriers in delivering the LFD among Malaysia dietitians. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with practicing dietitians until the data reached saturation. All the interview sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Eleven dietitians were interviewed, with 36.4% (n = 4) having more than 10 years of experience. The following four themes regarding their practices emerged: 1. dietary advice on FODMAP restriction; 2. duration of FODMAP restriction phase; 3. references used to get information about FODMAPs, and 4. strategies on reintroduction. Meanwhile, the following seven barriers were identified: 1. lack of culturally relevant educational materials; 2. limited knowledge about the LFD; 3. inadequate formal training among dietitians; 4. lack of integration in multi-disciplinary care; 5. low health literacy of patients; 6. low compliance rate among patients, and 7. restrictions for certain populations. LFD implementation in Malaysia is not standardized as only experienced dietitians can provide dietary evidence-based advice. Lack of training and culturally specific resources are some of the main barriers that were identified to be limiting the implementation of the diet. Therefore, there is a need for training programs and resource development to support Malaysian dietitians in managing IBS patients.