bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dewan Redaksi
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: December 2024

Dewan Redaksi
CIVICS
(Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan)

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, SE., MM.
Penanggung Jawab : H. Tarpan Suparman, S. Pd., M. Pd.
Ketua Redaksi : Budi Rismayadi, SE., MM.
Sekretaris Redaksi : Dameka Yorio, SE.
Mitra Bestari : 1. Prof. Dr. Kokom Komalasari, M. Pd.
(Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
2. Muhammad Mona Adha, M. Pd.
(Universitas Lampung)
Anggota Redaksi : 1. Tridays Repelita, M. Pd.
2. Regina Mega Pratiwi, S. Pd.

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat
Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi:
Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361
Telp/Fax. 0267 8403140, email :jurnal.civics@ubpkarawang.ac.id
site :journal.ubpkarawang.ac.id
DEWAN REDAKSI
Authors: Civics
Published: December 2024

CIVICS
MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI AKADEMIK DAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA PEKERJA
Authors: Yulyanti Minarsih  , Devi Marganing Tyas  , Nur Ainy Sadijah
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi berprestasi akademik dan prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang bekerja. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang bekerja di daerah Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Bali sebanyak 98 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuisioner. Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur motivasi berprestasi akademik merupakan adaptasi dari kuesioner milik Anisyah (2013) yang terdiri dari 36 item dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,935. Sedangkan untuk mengukur prokrastinasi akademik, kuesioner yang digunakan merupakan adaptasi dari kuesioner milik Arianti (2014) yang terdiri dari 29 item dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,932. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan korelasi Spearman’s Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara motivasi berprestasi akademik dan prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang bekerja. dengan koefisien korelasi (rxy) sebesar -0,462 pada tingkat signifikansi 0,01. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat hubungan motivasi berprestasi akademik dan prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang bekerja termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Kata Kunci: Motivasi Berprestasi Akademik, Prokrastinasi Akademik, Mahasiswa, Bekerja.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between academic achievement motivation and academic procrastination for working students. The samples in this study consist of 98 undergraduate students who work in West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Bali. The data were taken by using two questionnaires. Academic achievement motivation variable measured by using the adaptation of the questionnaire that belongs to Anisyah (2013), which is involving 36 items with 0,935 points of reliability. Academic procrastination variable measured by using the adaptation of the questionnaire that belongs to Arianti (2014), which is involving 29 items with 0,932 points of reliability. This study was using The Spearman’s Rank correlations analysis path. The result of this study shows that, there’s negative relation between academic achievement motivation and academic procrastination for working students with -0,462 points of correlation coefficients. The result of this study also shows that the relation between academic achievement motivation and academic procrastination for working students is rated moderate.
Optimalisasi Manajement Kualitas Perangkat Lunak Sistem Informasi Kost D’City Menggunakan Model Rawashdesh
Authors: Suhud Muhammad Haris , Firmansyah Muhammad Ilham , Purbaningtyas Rani , Ulil Albaab Mochammad Rifki
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mengubah lingkup dunia pemasaran dalam beberapa terakhir ini. salah satunya sistem informasi Kost D’City sebagai solusi inovatif guna mencari informasi terkait kamar kosong dan strategis tempat sekitar. Untuk memastikan kualitas perangkat lunak, aplikasi ini menjalani pengujian kualitas perangkat lunak menggunakan model rawashdesh dengan metode profile matching sebagai acuan perhitungan secara rinci. Dengan melakukan pengujian kualitas perangkat lunak menggunakan model rawashdesh, sistem informasi Kost D’City dapat memastikan bahwa penggunaannya tidak hanya nyaman, tapi aman dan dapat diandalkan. Dengan demikian, penerapan model rawashdesh dalam pengujian kualitas menjadi langkah krusial dalam meningkatkan performa serta kepercayaan pengguna terhadap sistem informasi Kost D’City.
PERANCANGAN MODEL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) UNTUK MEMBANTU MENENTUKAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU KAYU PADA INDUSTRI FURNITUR DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE FUZZY MAMDANI
Authors: Dian Eko Hari Purnomo
Published: December 2024

Perencanaan persedian dalam suatu industri manufaktur tentunya menjadi bagian yang cukup penting. Hal ini dikarenakan jika bahan baku tidak ada maka artinya proses produksi pada industri manufaktur akan terhambat atau mengalami kendala. Sedangkan jika jumlah ketersediaan bahan baku terlalu berlebihan maka akan menimbulkan biaya tambahan. Sehingga untuk dapat melakukan perencanaan persediaan yang sesuai kebutuhan khususnya pada industri manufaktur yang berupa industri furnitur yang bahan baku utamanya berupa kayu. Penelitian ini berusahan melakukan perencanaan persediaan yang optimal dengan menggunakan pendekatan Logika Fuzzy. Pendekatan Fuzzy yang diadopsi atau yang dimplementasikan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa Metode Fuzzy Mamdani. Alasan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani untuk melakukan proses prediksi persediaan kayu pada industri furnitur karena memiliki struktur yang sederhana dan fleksibel. Dalam mekanisme proses perhitungan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani pada umumnya menggunakan konsep operasi yang berupa mekanismer perhitungan min-max ataupun dapat menggunakan mekanisme max-product  dengan menggunakan serangkaian aturan yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan variabel yang digunakan. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tahun 2019, 2020, 2021, dan 2022. Dalam proses penyelesaian masalah yang berupa penentuan jumlah persediaan yang optimal adalah dengan menggunakan proses penyelesaian Metode Fuzzy Mamdani. Dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Mamdani. Dengan menggunakan data pada bulan Januari 2022 yang berupa data permintaan yang mempunyai nilai 1711 kubik dan data produksi yang mempunyai nilai 1469 kubik, maka didapatkan hasil pengolahan data dengan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani untuk jumlah persediaan pada periode bulan Januari 2022 adalah senilai 208 kubik.
PENJADWALAN PERAWATAN MESIN PRESSURE JET INCINERATOR DENGAN METODE RCM BERDASAR DOWNTIME ANALYSIS DAN FMEA
Authors: Budiharjo
Published: December 2024

During 2013 PT. CWI as a solid waste processing services company did not reach its waste processing capacity target due to 62 pressure jet incinerator engine component failures, resulting in high downtime, namely 880 hours or an average of 73.33 hours per month. This repeated failure is due to the equipment maintenance system which is still carried out correctively. This research aims to create a preventive maintenance schedule to improve the maintenance system which has been carried out using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method based on downtime analysis using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method approach. Based on downtime analysis, it is known that the average Operational Availability value for pressure jet incinerator machines is 87.21%, still below the word class standard of 90%.  From the FMEA analysis, it was found that the component that was most critical and most at risk as a cause of failure was the Refractory Body with an RPN of 240, far above the RPN threshold of 88.6. Other components that are dominant as causes of failure are the Burner, Electric Motor, and Wet Scrubber. With the RCM method, preventive maintenance scheduling can be proposed in the form of a preventive maintenance job schedule in order to improve the corrective maintenance system into a preventive maintenance system.
Theoretical approaches to the development of logistics systems in conditions of economic environment instability
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical Oil and Gas University, Nitsenko Vitalii , Samoilyk Iuliia , Hrynko Oleksandr ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: December 2024

It has been established that modern conditions of economic instability are characterized by rapid changes in demand, supply, and other business parameters, forcing enterprises to seek new solutions to ensure their competitiveness. The necessity of flexible logistics systems management has been proven, allowing for adaptation to new challenges, enhancing the effectiveness of management practices, and ensuring sustainable business development. Theoretical approaches to developing logistics systems play a crucial role in addressing these tasks, particularly by implementing innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and automation. The development of logistics systems is characterized as a complex and multidimensional task that requires flexibility, innovation, and sustainability to overcome economic risks. A logistics system structure is presented, including the main objective, core idea, goals, functions, principles, and the primary aim within the context of international logistics systems. The main directions for decision-making in conditions of economic instability are discussed, including risk and uncertainty analysis, resource and asset diversification, cost reduction, process optimization, flexible planning, innovation, digitalization, and a focus on resilience. The proposed theoretical approaches to developing logistics systems as adaptive, innovative, risk-oriented, customer-focused, and cooperative− contribute to effective functioning and adaptation in a rapidly changing economic environment. It has been demonstrated that important directions for ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of businesses include: firstly, the adaptability of logistics systems to unstable conditions, which entails their ability to respond quickly to changes in market situations, economic crises, fluctuations in demand, and other external factors; and secondly, the integration of innovative technologies into local processes (digital platforms for monitoring; the use of big data; automation and robotics).

Keywords: adaptability, economic instability, efficiency, logistics system, development, management, enterprise.
Application of multiple inflammatory markers combined with PIVKA-II in differential diagnosis of AFP-NHCC
Authors: Hu Wen-Tan , Ji Xin-Ying , Jiang Zhi-Liang , Liu Yi , Luo Huang-Yin , Zhang De-Xin , Lu Yi-Bin , Luo Ning
Published: December 2024

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a proven blood biomarker widely used in clinical detection of liver cancer, and its concentration increases immediately after liver injury, with high diagnostic specificity and low sensitivity. However, in patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC), also known as small liver cancer, their early stage of AFP expression is usually low or close to the normal range. Compared with AFP-positive HCC, AFP-NHCC is more likely to be subjected to missed diagnosis due to solely dependence on the measurement of blood AFP. Therefore, it is necessary to find a reliable, effective, and economical detection method for the early diagnosis of AFP-NHCC. PIVKA-II is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer, and is also a new hematological marker widely used in the diagnosis of liver cancer in recent years. PIVKA-II effectively makes up for the limitation of negative AFP. 63.2% – 76.3% of patients with negative AFP showed positive PIVKA-II, and if only PIVKA-II detection was relied on, there would still be missed diagnosis in early patients with AFP-NHCC. In this retrospective study, we selected several commonly used inflammatory indicators to explore the diagnostic efficacy of PIVKA-II, an abnormal form of prothrombin, combined with inflammatory indicators in patients with early-stage AFP-NHCC and analyzed the relationship between some clinical features and hematological indicators in patients with AFP-NHCC. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), prealbumin (PA), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PIVKA-II were compared among three groups (AFP-NHCC group, benign lesion group, and healthy subjects). The diagnostic efficacy of PIVKA-II alone for AFP-NHCC and the diagnostic efficacy of three inflammatory indicators combined with PIVKA-II for AFP-NHCC were calculated, and their diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were compared. Compared with the other two groups, the AFP-NHCC group showed significant changes in three inflammatory markers and PIVKA-II, which may be related to the inflammatory progression of the tumor. Therefore, we recommend the establishment of a laboratory-based detection approach for diagnosing early-stage AFP-NHCC by combining PIVKA-II with inflammatory indicators hs-CRP, PA, and NLR, to facilitate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AFP-NHCC.
The patentability of natural phages as therapeutics in the United States
Authors: Yang Qimao , Zeng Shiyi , Zhu Biao , Zhu Tongyu , Wu Nannan
Published: December 2024

The resurgence of phage therapy as a potent countermeasure against antimicrobial resistance has been accompanied by significant challenges in patent protection. This perspective paper examines the patentability of natural phages as therapeutics, focusing on the United States and extending to the European Union and Australia – jurisdictions at the forefront of this biotechnological innovation. We dissect the legal frameworks and identify the patent claims that have successfully navigated the complex intellectual property landscape. Our analysis reveals a dichotomy between the natural origin of therapeutic phages and the inventive steps required for patent eligibility. Despite hurdles, we highlight strategic innovations and specific patent claims that have been granted, suggesting a path forward for the commercialization and protection of phage therapy. We conclude with a call for a more adaptive legal framework to foster innovation and recognize the transformative potential of phage therapy in modern medicine.
O potencial pedagógico de um jogo digital no ensino da Matemática
Authors: De Oliveira Cavalcante Larissa Gabrielle , Fernandes de Alencar Anderson
Published: December 2024

Atualmente, percebe-se uma preocupação em desenvolver recursos que auxiliem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. Partindo dessa necessidade, esta pesquisa se propõe a responder à seguinte questão: em que medida a utilização de um jogo digital pode contribuir para o ensino de conceitos matemáticos de estudantes dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental? A metodologia deste estudo baseia-se em uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com caráter bibliográfico, considerando a adequação desse procedimento por se tratar de uma pesquisa extensa no âmbito do desenvolvimento de jogos didáticos. Após os estudos, um artefato tecnológico foi desenvolvido, o jogo “Dina: Mistérios em Pernambuco”, projetado de forma lúdica com conceitos matemáticos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, foi possível constatar que os alunos participantes envolvidos no trabalho ficaram entusiasmados com a possibilidade de aprender Matemática de uma maneira tão significativa. Por fim, esse estudo estimula a utilização de jogos digitais como um recurso didático adequado para o ensino da Matemática.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IMPACT ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY, SERUM CALCIUM/PHOSPHATE AND PARATHYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC FEMALES VERSUS NON-DIABETICS
Authors: Nabeel Najib Fadhil  , Ali Sattar Jabbar AL Qaissi  , Alaa Mohammed Ali Albayaty
Published: December 2024

In the last decade, in Iraq, an unexpectedly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among diabetic and non-diabetic adult patients started to markedly appear, especially among females. Vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) females is expected to add more burden to their complaints. To study the impact of vitamin D deficiency on diabetic females in regard to total serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density this study was conducted. The study was achieved in Mosul at a Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetes. It is a case-control observational study that enrolled 54 non-diabetic (non-DM) and 49 type 2 diabetic adult females with vitamin D deficiency who were age-matched. After measuring serum vitamin D and electing the patients, serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, total calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase of the enrolled patients were measured, in addition to bone mineral density assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The results were statistically analyzed, examined and compared. There were no significant differences between vitamin D deficient non-DM and T2DM females in regard to proportions of hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, vitamin D deficient T2DM females showed as twice preponderance to have hypophosphatemia as non-DM female patients (odds ratio: 2.37). Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck osteopenia or osteoporosis affected 75.47% of non-DM vitamin D deficient patients and 76.59% vitamin D deficient T2DM female patients. Femoral neck osteoporosis was significantly more prevalent among vitamin D deficient T2DM female patients (p 0.01). The proportion of osteopenia and osteoporosis of lumbar vertebrae were comparable among vitamin D deficient, diabetic and non-diabetic females. However femoral neck osteoporosis is significantly more prevalent among vitamin D deficient T2DM females than among non-DM females. These findings call for an active workup and care to prevent potential adverse complications in the femoral neck of T2DM patients.
Hubungan Lama Penggunaan KB Suntik 3 Bulan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu pada WUS
Authors: Nafisah Khilda Durrotun , Sulistiyaningsih Sri Hadi
Published: December 2024

KB suntik 3 bulan merupakan metode kontrasepsi efektif yang mempunyai efektifitas pemakaian relatif lebih tinggi serta angka kegagalan relatif lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan alat kontrasepsi sederhana lainnya. Kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan sering menyebabkan perubahan kadar glukosa darah karena mengandung hormon steroid dengan anti insulin rendah sehingga meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan lama penggunaan KB suntik 3 bulan dengan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada wanita usia subur di PMB Pisxi Omelia Desa Lawang Agung. Penelitian merupakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 38 akseptor KB suntik 3 bulan yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling dengan uji rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lama penggunaan KB suntik ³2 tahun sebanyak 30 orang (78,9%), mengalami peningkatan gula darah sewaktu ³ 180 mg/dl sebanyak 18 orang (47,4%), dan ada hubungan lama penggunaan KB Suntik 3 bulan dengan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada wanita usia subur di PMB Pisxi Omelia dengan p-value = 0,00. Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat meningkatkan KIE dan konseling tentang berbagai jenis kontrasepsi dan kemungkinan efek sampingnya, sehingga calon akseptor KB dapat mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam memilih alat kontrasepsi dan menerima efek samping yang terjadi.
THE POETICS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN J. AUSTEN’S NOVELS
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Zhuravleva O. A.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the artistic reflection of everyday life in J. Austen’s novels. The orderliness of narrative is considered as the main narrative invention of bourgeois Europe: with the introduction of everyday life into the sphere of description by modern art consciousness, the logic of rationalization penetrates into the rhythm of the English novel, displacing the poetics of adventure. Austen’s novels realize the poetic embodiment of the English bourgeois life of the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. It is noted that the problems of some Austen’s novels are close to ones of Victorian novels. It is concluded that J. Austen’s novels outline the path that will follow the development of the English realist novel in the XIX century.
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS LETTER AS A DIALOGICAL GENRE OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Volgograd State Social-Pedagogical University, Kolokoltseva T. N.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of an electronic business letter as a dialogic genre in network communication. The differences between a traditional business letter and its electronic version are indicated. The exchange of business correspondence via e-mail is considered as a communicative situation of dialogic interaction between the addresser and the addressee. The correlation of initiating business emails with stimulus cues, and reactive ones with response cues of natural (primary) dialogue is established, and the means of expressing dialogicity in business emails are analyzed.
An Experimental Study for Radial-Gated Ogee Spillway Discharge and Comparison with Other Model Studies
Authors: Haktanir Tefaruk , Bor Erol
Published: December 2024

The book "Design of Small Dams" is a renowned reference publication used for the design of dams in America and it is commonly used in Turkey as well. Flood spillways of many dams are ogee profile radial-gated weirs, and accurate calculation of discharges passing over a partially open radial-gated ogee spillway is important in flood routing computations. Because each spillway and its appurtenant structures have geometrical and hydraulic properties peculiar to their own, a generalizable method for calculating the discharge over a partially open radial-gated spillway should not be realistic. Therefore, many laboratory experimental studies are done both in America and in Turkey for more accurate calculation of spillway discharge of dams individually. With the objective of comparing the results of these studies and the method given in that book another experimental study is performed as summarized in this paper. For this purpose, experiments for the partially open radial gate in a laboratory setup having a 95 mm high, 10 cm wide ogee spillway model with an adjustable radial gate of proportionate dimensions both placed in a 5 meter long, 10 cm wide and 30 cm high channel are done with many combinations of flow rates and gate openings as allowed by the physical dimensions of the open channel setup available in our laboratory and the maximum flow rate its pump can generate. Taking a scale ratio of 1/100, the relative differences of the discharge coefficients given in the above-mentioned book from the experimental discharge coefficients measured in this study for the same configurations are found to be between +3% and +34%. Although the discharge coefficients determined by this experimental study are not too deviant from those obtained from 15 laboratory model studies done by the United States Bureau of Reclamation and the United States Army Corps of Engineers in America and seven such studies done by the State Water Works in Turkey, it is concluded that the discharge – head relationship of a radial-gated spillway of a dam should be determined by a laboratory experiment on a model of not too small a scale, and a generalized method cannot be applicable to all spillways in the world as a whole.
The Content of Proteins Associated with Autophagy in the Gastric Tumor Tissue, Their Relationship with the Clinical and Morphological Features of the Malignant Process and the Efficacy of the Combined Treatment
Authors: Августинович Александра Владимировна , Афанасьев Сергей Геннадьевич , Спирина Людмила Викторовна , Клюшина Татьяна Сергеевна , Скворцова Дарья Алексеевна
Published: December 2024

Введение. В настоящее время большое внимание уделяется изучению биологических особенностей опухоли желудка. Аутофагия является универсальным клеточным процессом, связанным с адаптацией опухоли к изменяющимся условиям, и влияет на эффективность проводимого лечения.
Цель. Изучение содержания белков LC3B, Beclin-1, ATG12, ATG7, ATG5L, ATG16L, ATG3 в ткани опухоли желудка в зависимости от клинико-морфологических особенностей злокачественного процесса, а также влияние их содержания на исход заболевания, сроки до прогрессирования.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовали 22 больных операбельным раком желудка (РЖ), которым было проведено комбинированное лечение, включающее предоперационную полихимиотерапию по схеме FLOT с последующим хирургическим вмешательством. Содержание белков LC3B, Beclin-1, ATG12, ATG7, ATG5L, ATG16L, ATG3 в опухоли оценивали с помощью метода Вестерн Блоттинг.
Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования выявлено повышение содержания Beclin-1, ATG7, ATG16L по мере роста размера первичной опухоли и появления регионарных метастазов, что связано с активацией аутофагии в ходе прогрессирования опухолевого процесса. Отмечено, что в случае положительного HER2-статуса наблюдалось повышение содержания LC3B, ATG7, ATG5L в 2,8; 1,3 и 1,2 раза соответственно, по сравнению с HER2-негативными опухолями. При этом в случае положительного PD-L1-статуса отмечен рост содержания LC3B в 2,4 раза, по сравнению с опухолями с негативным статусом.
В случае прогрессирования заболевания наблюдался рост содержания ATG12, ATG5L ATG16L в 1,3; 1,2 и 2,0 раза соответственно, по сравнению с таковым у больных без прогрессирования. При развитии смертельного исхода заболевания отмечено повышение содержания ATG16L в 1,8 раза, по сравнению с больными с благоприятным исходом опухолевого процесса. Кроме того, отмечена ассоциация с содержанием индуктора Beclin-1, который повышался в 1,4 раза у больных со стабилизацией опухолевого процесса, по сравнению с больными, у которых зафиксирован частичный ответ опухоли.
Заключение. Таким образом, выявлены ассоциации между ростом содержания белков Beclin-1, ATG7, ATG16L с размером первичной опухоли и поражением регионарных лимфатических узлов. Показана зависимость между активацией аутофагией и молекулярными характеристиками опухоли. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значимой роли аутофагии в процессах онкогенеза при раке желудка, что определяет не только биологические и молекулярные особенности опухоли, но также оказывают влияние на эффективность проводимого лечения.
Patterns of the Development of Pathological Tumor Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Скоропад Виталий Юрьевич , Миронова Диана Юрьевна , Кудрявцев Дмитрий Дмитриевич , Иванов Сергей Анатольевич , Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич
Published: December 2024

Введение. В работе представлен анализ патоморфологического регресса после проведения 2 циклов неоадъювантной химиотерапии с последующей химиолучевой терапии и радикальным хирургическим вмешательством у пациентов с местно-распространенным раком желудка.
Материалы и методы. В МРНЦ им. А.Ф. Цыба с 2018 по 2022 гг. проведено проспективное клиническое исследование II фазы. Пациентам проводилось два индукционных цикла химиотерапии по схеме FLOT с последующей химиолучевой терапией до суммарной очаговой дозой 46 Гр на фоне химиотерапии препаратами капецитабин (1850 мг/м2 в сутки; ежедневно в 2 приема) и оксалиплатин (85 мг/м2 в 1-й и 22-й дни лучевого лечения) с последующим контрольным обследованием через 5-7 недель и радикальным хирургическим лечением.
Результаты. В исследование включено 47 пациентов с местно-распространенным раком желудка в возрасте от 40 до 75 лет (медиана — 61 год). Представителей мужского пола — 26 (55,3 %) больных. Наиболее часто опухоль локализовалась в верхней трети желудка (19 пациентов), в 9 случаях имело место распространение на пищевод. Наиболее часто опухоль имела строение низкодифференцированной аденокарциномы (49 %). Поражение лимфатических коллекторов было выявлено у 27 (57,4 %) больных. К хирургическому этапу лечения приступило 93,6 % (44/47) пациентов. Выраженный патоморфологический регресс (Ia и Ib степени по классификации K. Becker) был выявлен у 66 % пациентов, в т. ч. полный морфологический регресс первичной опухоли и метастатических лимфатических узлов (Ia степень) — в 7 случаях (16 %). Клинических факторов, достоверно влияющих на степень патоморфологического регресса, выявлено не было. У пациентов с выраженным патоморфологическим регрессом было отмечено статистически значимое преобладание менее распространенных опухолей (в соответствии с категорией урТ и стадией).
Выводы. Выраженный патоморфологический регресс (степень 1а и 1b по классификации К. Becker) был выявлен у 66 % (29/44) больных, получивших мультимодальную неоадьювантную терапию. Согласно данным литературы, эти пациенты относятся к «респондентам» и имеют более благоприятный прогноза.
A Clinical Case of Successful Treatment with Ramucirumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in a Comorbid Elderly Patient with Disseminated Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Владимирова Любовь Юрьевна , Льянова Аза Ахметовна , Попова Ирина Леонидовна
Published: December 2024

Введение. Применение таргетного препарата рамуцирумаба — ингибитора сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста 2 типа (VEGF2), в комбинации с химиотерапией (ХТ) паклитакселом/FOLFIRI является стандартом лечения второй линии больных метастатическим раком желудка.
Описание случая. Больной, 72 лет, с диссеминированным раком желудка (дРЖ) и отягощенным кардиологическим диагнозом, получает во второй и последующей линии таргетную терапию рамуцирумаом в комбинации с ХТ иринотеканом и последующим переходом на паклитаксел (суммарно 45 циклов). Продолжительность ответа таргетной терапии рамуцирумабом в комбинации с ХТ составляет 24 мес. при отсутствии выраженных нежелательных явлений. Общая продолжительность жизни пожилого больного дРЖ составила 28 мес.
Заключение. Применение рамуцирумаба в комбинации с ХТ во второй и последующих линиях является эффективной лечебной опцией с удовлетворительным профилем токсичности у пожилого коморбидного больного дРЖ.
The temperature block length for the wet facing masonry under freezing
Authors: Titaev V. A. , Cherny I. A. , Titaev D. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The outer layer of exterior walls is the facing masonry, experiencing a complex stress-strain state when taking its own weight, climatic loads, and exposures (wind pressure, humidity, and air temperature). An analysis of available research results, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents showed that no consideration is given to the temperature deformations of wet masonry when freezing. In this regard, the studies were conducted to assess the impact of this effect on the stress-strain state of the facing masonry.

Aim. To obtain a universal dependence of the temperature block length of the facing masonry, including its freezing.

Materials and methods. The study is applied to the facing masonry (facing layer) of multilayer exterior walls of buildings, modeled in the LIRA-CAD software package, which implements the finite element method in the form of displacement method. The research results of the work of M.A. Mury "Temperature deformations of wet brickwork" (2008) are used here.

Results. An empirical dependence of the temperature block length of the facing masonry for exterior multilayer walls is obtained based on the analysis of the thermal stress state of the masonry resulting from numerical calculation. A logically justified structural solution of the facing masonry unit with antifriction interface with the floor slab is proposed.

Conclusions. According to the results, the length of the masonry temperature block is not only affected by the temperature difference and the stiffness of the supporting structure, but also by the humidity conditions of its operation. When the humidity of the masonry increases from 6 to 12 %, the design length of the temperature block significantly decreases. The lengths of temperature blocks, set according to existing methods (including methods of design standards), have an overestimated value, and thus the durability of facing masonry is essentially reduced, or even destructed in a number of cases.
МНОГОМЕРНАЯ МАТЕМАТИКА В ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
Authors: Ю.К. Машунин
Published: December 2024

Цель работы представить теорию и методы многомерной математики, включающей аксиоматику, принципы оптимальности и методы для решения векторных задач оптимизации в инженерных исследованиях, к которым относятся технические системы, технологические процессы, структура материалов. В рамках теория векторной оптимизации представлены принципы оптимальности решения векторных задач при равнозначных критериях и при заданном приоритете критерия https://rdcu.be/bhZ8i. (Работа "Vector optimization with equivalent and priority criteria" Springer Nature распространяется бесплатно.). На основе теории разработаны конструктивные методы решения задач векторной оптимизации, которые позволяют принимать решение, во-первых, при равнозначных критериях, во-вторых, при заданном приоритете критерия. Практическая направленность работы связана с автоматизированным проектирование инженерных и производственных систем на базе векторной оптимизации. Сформированные конструктивные методы решения векторных задач математического (выпуклого) программирования представлены при проектировании производственных и инженерных систем. Реализация методологии представлена на решении численных задач: принятия решений выбора оптимальной структуры материала и выбора параметров технической системы с шестью характеристиками (исследуется многомерность: шесть функций). Решение проблемы принятия решений включает: построение численной модели объекта в виде векторной задачи; решение задачи принятия решений при равнозначных критериях, решение векторной задачи принятия решений с приоритетом критерия.
Historical Traces Of Health Law: Tracing The Dynamics Of Health Regulation Development Through Literature
Authors: Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat  , Gunawan Widjaja
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the historical development of health law, focusing on the evolution and dynamics of health regulation. The study in this research uses the literautr research method. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the current legal challenges and future directions of Health regulation. The results found that the historical development of health law was influenced by various socio-political factors and significant medical advances. Key milestones such as 19th century sanitary regulation and public health policy in the 1918 influenza pandemic show how health law has evolved. Important figures such as health activists and legal academics were instrumental in shaping influential legal frameworks, such as the Public Health Act and bioethics. The impact of these legal reforms on public health varies depending on the responsiveness and adaptivity of the regulations to current global health challenges, such as health data privacy and access to medicines. By understanding the historical evolution of health law, it can be concluded that an adaptive legal framework is necessary to achieve optimal public health outcomes in the future.
Formación Docente para el Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Pérez Pérez Orfilia Jessenia , González de Pirela Nelia Josefina
Published: December 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar  la formación docente con el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación superior, con el fin de mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en las instituciones educativas ecuatorianas, así como describir las competencias investigativas que deben desarrollar los docentes y caracterizar las estrategias pedagógicas al integrar herramientas de IA. La metodología empleada fue bajo el enfoque cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo-documental, basada en la técnica revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos y documentos relevantes. Los hallazgos indican que la formación docente con el uso de la IA es fundamental para enfrentar los desafíos educativos tecnológicos, porque permite a los docentes utilizar estas herramientas de manera efectiva. Otro de los resultados fue la  identificación de competencias claves que los educadores deben desarrollar, como comprender el significado de la IA, evaluar su uso ético en el proceso de aprendizaje y diseñar entornos educativos adaptados con el uso de la IA. Además, se destaca la importancia de la alfabetización digital y la capacitación continua a través de cursos y talleres. El estudio resalta la necesidad urgente de implementar programas de formación en IA para optimar la calidad educativa en el Ecuador.
A Novel Approach to Microwave Heating Control System: Crow Search Algorithm-Based PID Controllers
Authors: Prastiyanto Dhidik , Apriaskar Esa , Amelia Ilya , Ilham Dimas Alfarizky , Bilqis Viyola Lokahita
Published: December 2024

Microwave heating technology has been implemented in various fields of life due to its superior advantages over conventional heaters. These advantages have sparked significant interest among researchers to further develop this technology, particularly from control system point of view. One crucial aspect of control system microwave heating development is finding an optimal controller tuning method to control the temperature properly. However, the research on control system tuning for this topic is still in its early stages. The main aim of this article is to utilize a novel approach with the potential to effectively enhance the performance of microwave heating control systems, namely Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables (ARX) is used to simulate the proposed controller and assess its performance. The proposed controller is evaluated through simulations using MATLAB. Based on the fitness value tests, the optimized CSA solution tracks heating patterns well and predominantly produces a relatively small standard deviation of fitness values in the testing of the microwave heating control system. Overall, CSA effectively optimized controller parameters and achieved efficient control for the microwave heating system.
The Effects of the Fineness Level of Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Cement Substitute in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Tambun Bonita M. , Rosidawani Rosidawani , Satyanaga Alfrendo
Published: December 2024

Rice husk ash (RHA) is recognised as a sustainable mineral additive derived from waste. The substitution of a portion of cement with RHA could improve the mechanical characteristics of concrete, leading to the increased adoption of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). The properties of rice husk ash need to satisfy specific criteria to ensure its reactive qualities are fully effective, including the fineness of the husk ash. The quality can be achieved using a filtering technique to obtain the RHA with a certain level of fineness, with division in several zones, 0,1,2,3 and 4. RHA from each zone partially replaces 10% cement in the SCC mixture. To obtain the physical characteristics of SCC, tests were carried out in the fresh phase, which includes slump flow, V-Vunnel, and L-box tests. Meanwhile, compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of the mixture. The results of the fresh concrete test showed that all mixtures are qualified as SCCs, and the results of the hardened concrete test suggested that the fineness of RHA enhances its mechanical properties.
Numerical and Experimental Validation of a New Methodology for the Design of Michel-Banki Turbine
Authors: Galvis Holguin Steven , Sierra Del Río Jorge , González-Arango Diana I. , Correa-Quintana Edwin , Meneses Lisandra Da Rocha
Published: December 2024

Michell-Banki cross-flow turbines (MBT) are low-cost turbines that are easy to manufacture and maintain, which makes them ideal for implementation in small-scale hydroelectric projects. Although the MBT has lower efficiencies than turbines such as the Pelton and Francis, it maintains its efficiency stable in the face of fluctuations in flow conditions. The objective of this study is to validate, both numerically and experimentally, a new design methodology that allows the construction of an MBT based on site conditions. For this purpose, the design of the different components of an MBT was implemented according to the site conditions. The experimentation was carried out in a hydraulic test bench, which consists of a water tank, a  centrifugal pump, a piping system, a PMAG SGM LEKTRA magnetic flow meter, a TRS605 FUTEK torque sensor, a pressure gauge, and a model of MBT designed and manufactured from scratch. It was concluded that the proposed methodology allows for obtaining experimental and numerical efficiencies of  and, respectively. Thus, a numerical-experimental validation of the MBT design and manufacturing methodology could be carried out.
A MODEL FOR PLANNING THE WORKLOAD OF TEACHERS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT RISKS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CREDIT MODULES OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Mukhatayev Aidos , Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Biloshchytska Svitlana , Medetbek Arailym
Published: December 2024

A model for planning the workload of teachers is proposed to address the unique demands of a credit-modular system in higher education, aligning with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) standards. This model seeks to balance teacher workload by considering various types of associated risks, such as shortages of qualified staff, limited resources, and the risk of department overload. The primary objective is to structure teaching plans for discipline modules in a way that optimizes available university resources while adhering to credit requirements. To maintain stability in higher education institutions and support the creation of new educational programs, it is essential to address key challenges. The ongoing progressive changes in the education sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan necessitate efforts to enhance the effectiveness of higher education institutions, develop innovative educational programs, and improve the overall quality of education. Key aspects of this model involve integrating risk management into the planning process, which allows for a more adaptive and resilient approach to curriculum design. By systematically linking different types of workloads to associated risks, the model facilitates the development of balanced teaching plans that support both educational quality and staff well-being. The study concludes that this model can be a powerful tool for optimizing teacher workload distribution, potentially enhancing the stability of the educational process. Additionally, the model lays the groundwork for the creation of software tools that could automate workload planning, enabling higher education institutions to mitigate risks more effectively. The proposed approach, therefore, not only improves planning accuracy but also aligns with European higher education standards, ensuring a sustainable, high-quality educational experience.
KAZAKH SPEECH AND RECOGNITION METHODS: ERROR ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Karabaliyev Yerlan , Kolesnikova Kateryna
Published: December 2024

This study offers a detailed evaluation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for the Kazakh, examining their performance in recognizing the phonetic and linguistic features unique to the language. The Kazakh language presents specific challenges for ASR due to its complex phonology, vowel harmony, and the presence of multiple regional dialects. To address these challenges, a comparative analysis of three leading ASR systems were conducted—Kaldi, Mozilla DeepSpeech, and Google Speech-to-Text API—using a dataset of 101 recordings of spoken the Kazakh text. This study focuses on the systems' word error rates (WER), identifying common misrecognitions, especially with the Kazakh-specific phonemes like "қ," "ң," and "ү." Kaldi and Mozilla DeepSpeech exhibited high WERs, particularly struggling with Kazakh’s vowel harmony and consonant distinctions, while Google Speech-to-Text achieved of the lowest WER among the three. However, none of the systems demonstrated accuracy levels sufficient for practical applications, as errors in recognizing Kazakh’s agglutinative morphology and case endings remained pervasive. To improve these outcomes, a series of enhancements are proposed, including adapting acoustic models to better reflect Kazakh’s phonetic and morphological traits, integrating dialect-specific data, and employing machine learning methods such as transfer learning and hybrid models. Additional steps include refining data preprocessing and increasing dataset diversity to capture Kazakh’s linguistic nuances more accurately. By addressing these limitations, the ASR systems can better handle complex sentence structures and regional speech variations. This research thus provides a foundation for advancing Kazakh ASR technologies and contributes insights that are vital for developing inclusive, effective ASR systems capable of supporting linguistically diverse users.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALGEBRA OF HYPERDUAL NUMBERS IN NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Sagindykov Bimurat , Bimurat Zhanar
Published: December 2024

For the numerical solution of problems arising in various fields of mathematics and mechanics, it is often necessary to determine the values of derivatives included in the model. Currently, numerical values of derivatives can be obtained using automatic differentiation libraries in many programming languages. This paper discusses the use of the Python programming language, which is widely used in the scientific community. It should be noted that the principles of automatic differentiation are not related to numerical or symbolic differentiation methods. The work consists of three parts. The introduction reviews the historical development of the general theory of complex numbers and the use of simple complex, double and dual numbers, which are a subset of the set of general complex numbers, in various fields of mathematics. The second part is devoted to the algebra of dual and hyperdual numbers and their properties. This section presents tables of the basis element of elementary functions with dual and hyperdual arguments, based on multiplication rules. Two important formulas for finding the numerical values of a complex function's first and second derivatives by expanding functions with dual and hyperdual arguments in the Taylor series are also obtained. A simple test function was used to verify the correctness of these formulas, the results of which were checked analytically as well as through implementation in a programming language. The third part of the paper focuses on practical applications and the implementation of these methods in Python. It includes detailed examples of case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of using hyperdual numbers in automatic differentiation. The results highlight the accuracy and computational efficiency of these methods, making them valuable tools for researchers and engineers. This comprehensive approach not only validates the theoretical aspects but also showcases the practical utility of dual and hyperdual numbers in solving complex mathematical and mechanical problems.