bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health status of recreational runners over 10-km up to ultra-marathon distance based on data of the NURMI Study Step 2
Authors: Wirnitzer Katharina , Boldt Patrick , Wirnitzer Gerold , Leitzmann Claus , Tanous Derrick , Motevalli Mohamad , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat
Published: June 2022

Endurance running is well-documented to affect health beneficially. However, data are still conflicting in terms of which race distance is associated with the maximum health effects to be obtained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the health status of endurance runners over different race distances. A total of 245 recreational runners (141 females, 104 males) completed an online survey. Health status was assessed by measuring eight dimensions in two clusters of health-related indicators (e.g., body weight, mental health, chronic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions, medication intake) and health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking habits, supplement intake, food choice, healthcare utilization). Each dimension consisted of analytical parameters derived to a general domain score between 0 and 1. Data analysis was performed by using non-parametric ANOVA and MANOVA. There were 89 half-marathon (HM), 65 marathon/ultra-marathon (M/UM), and 91 10-km runners. 10-km runners were leaner than both the HM and M/UM runners (p ≤ 0.05). HM runners had higher health scores for six dimensions (body weight, mental health, chronic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions, medication intake, smoking habits, and health care utilization), which contributed to an average score of 77.1% (score range 62–88%) for their overall state of health. Whereas 10-km and M/UM runners had lesser but similar average scores in the overall state of health (71.7% and 72%, respectively). Race distance had a significant association with the dimension “chronic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions” (p ≤ 0.05). Despite the null significant associations between race distance and seven (out of eight) multi-item health dimensions, a tendency towards better health status (assessed by domain scores of health) among HM runners was found compared to other distance runners. However, the optimal state of health across all race distances supported the notion that endurance running contributed to overall health and well-being.

Trial registration number: ISRCTN73074080. Retrospectively registered 12th June 2015.
Metabolomics-based profiling for quality assessment and revealing the impact of drying of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Authors: Salem Mohamed A. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alseekh Saleh , Zayed Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Turmeric, the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L., is one of the top selling spices, food preservatives, and food colorants. In addition, it exhibits health promoting benefits owing to its unique phytochemical composition. Nevertheless, it is commonly subjected to heat drying, hence, the dried powder is the most used form and can easily be adulterated with allied species. Therefore, our research aimed to profile the phytochemical composition and investigate the impact of drying of turmeric. Extraction and fractionation followed by LC- and GC–MS analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 161 metabolites belonged to various phytochemical classes. Moreover, multivariate data analysis identified curcuminoids, terpecurcumins, and organic acids as potential markers for drying. Based on the applied analytical techniques in combination with chemometrics, these investigations have succeeded to provide good coverage of the metabolome of turmeric in both fresh and dried forms.
Virtual histological staining of label-free total absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS)
Authors: Boktor Marian , Ecclestone Benjamin R. , Pekar Vlad , Dinakaran Deepak , Mackey John R. , Fieguth Paul , Haji Reza Parsin
Published: June 2022

Histopathological visualizations are a pillar of modern medicine and biological research. Surgical oncology relies exclusively on post-operative histology to determine definitive surgical success and guide adjuvant treatments. The current histology workflow is based on bright-field microscopic assessment of histochemical stained tissues and has some major limitations. For example, the preparation of stained specimens for brightfield assessment requires lengthy sample processing, delaying interventions for days or even weeks. Therefore, there is a pressing need for improved histopathology methods. In this paper, we present a deep-learning-based approach for virtual label-free histochemical staining of total-absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS) images of unstained tissue. TA-PARS provides an array of directly measured label-free contrasts such as scattering and total absorption (radiative and non-radiative), ideal for developing H&E colorizations without the need to infer arbitrary tissue structures. We use a Pix2Pix generative adversarial network to develop visualizations analogous to H&E staining from label-free TA-PARS images. Thin sections of human skin tissue were first virtually stained with the TA-PARS, then were chemically stained with H&E producing a one-to-one comparison between the virtual and chemical staining. The one-to-one matched virtually- and chemically- stained images exhibit high concordance validating the digital colorization of the TA-PARS images against the gold standard H&E. TA-PARS images were reviewed by four dermatologic pathologists who confirmed they are of diagnostic quality, and that resolution, contrast, and color permitted interpretation as if they were H&E. The presented approach paves the way for the development of TA-PARS slide-free histological imaging, which promises to dramatically reduce the time from specimen resection to histological imaging.
Accurate emotion recognition using Bayesian model based EEG sources as dynamic graph convolutional neural network nodes
Authors: Asadzadeh Shiva , Yousefi Rezaii Tohid , Beheshti Soosan , Meshgini Saeed
Published: June 2022

Due to the effect of emotions on interactions, interpretations, and decisions, automatic detection and analysis of human emotions based on EEG signals has an important role in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. However, the low spatial resolution of EEG recorders poses a challenge. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper we model each emotion by mapping from scalp sensors to brain sources using Bernoulli–Laplace-based Bayesian model. The standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) method is used to initialize the source signals in this algorithm. Finally, a dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN) is used to classify emotional EEG in which the sources of the proposed localization model are considered as the underlying graph nodes. In the proposed method, the relationships between the EEG source signals are encoded in the DGCNN adjacency matrix. Experiments on our EEG dataset recorded at the Brain-Computer Interface Research Laboratory, University of Tabriz as well as publicly available SEED and DEAP datasets show that brain source modeling by the proposed algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of emotion recognition, such that it achieve a classification accuracy of 99.25% during the classification of the two classes of positive and negative emotions. These results represent an absolute 1–2% improvement in terms of classification accuracy over subject-dependent and subject-independent scenarios over the existing approaches.
Relating SARS-CoV-2 variants using cellular automata imaging
Authors: Souza Luryane F. , Rocha Filho Tarcísio M. , Moret Marcelo A.
Published: June 2022

We classify the main variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus representing a given biological sequence coded as a symbolic digital sequence and by its evolution by a cellular automata with a properly chosen rule. The spike protein, common to all variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is then by the picture of the cellular automaton evolution yielding a visible representation of important features of the protein. We use information theory Hamming distance between different stages of the evolution of the cellular automaton for seven variants relative to the original Wuhan/China virus. We show that our approach allows to classify and group variants with common ancestors and same mutations. Although being a simpler method, it can be used as an alternative for building phylogenetic trees.
Formulation process, physical stability and herbicidal activities of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil-based nanoemulsion
Authors: Somala Naphat , Laosinwattana Chamroon , Teerarak Montinee
Published: June 2022

Essential oil-based bioherbicides are a promising avenue for the development of eco-friendly pesticides. This study formulated nanoemulsions containing citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) as an herbicidal product using a high-pressure homogenization method with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values ranging 9–14.9 for the surfactant mixture (Tween 60 and Span 60). The CEO was high in monoterpene compounds (36.333% geraniol, 17.881% trans-citral, 15.276% cis-citral, 8.991% citronellal, and 4.991% β-citronellol). The nanoemulsion at HLB 14 was selected as optimal due to having the smallest particle size (79 nm, PI 0.286), confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. After 28 days of storage, particle size in the selected formulation changed to 58 and 140 nm under 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Germination and seedling growth assays with Echinochloa crus-galli showed that the nanoemulsion exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect at all tested HLBs (9–14.9) and concentrations (100–800 µL/L). The inhibitory effect was greatest at HLB 14. Treatment of E. cruss-galli seed with the HLB 14 nanoemulsion significantly reduced seed imbibition and α-amylase activity. Our findings support that CEO nanoemulsions have a phytotoxic effect and hence herbicidal properties for controlling E. cruss-galli. Accordingly, this nanoemulsion may have potential as a bioherbicide resource.
Five-year outcomes of one anastomosis gastric bypass as conversional surgery following sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss failure
Authors: Kermansaravi Mohammad , Karami Reza , Valizadeh Rohollah , Rokhgireh Samaneh , Kabir Ali , Pakaneh Mohammadali , Kassir Radwan , Pazouki Abdolreza
Published: June 2022

The most accepted procedures as conversion for poor weight changes after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), are malabsorptive surgeries. This study was designed to evaluate the 5-year outcomes of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) following SG due to weight loss failure and weight regain. From September 2014 to January 2017, totally 23 patients with a history of SG conversion to OAGB in terms of weight loss failure or weight regain who had completed their 5-year follow-ups were studied. Some obesity related co-morbidities containing type-2 diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were also investigated at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years after conversional surgery. All cases had remission/improvement in DM, DLP, HTN and OSA 1 year after conversional OAGB. Analysis showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) change in trend of BMI. Mean BMI before conversional surgery, at 1, 2, 3and 5 years were 46.3 ± 10.4, 34.5 ± 8.5, 34.1 ± 8.6, 35.7 ± 8.7 and 37.5 ± 11.6, respectively. Mean percent excess weight loss (%EWL) at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years was 51.6 ± 11.0, 52.9 ± 13.1, 45.5 ± 16.4 and 41.0 ± 18.0, respectively. Mean percent total weight loss (%TWL) at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years was 26.6 ± 5.9, 27.4 ± 7.2, 23.9 ± 9.2 and 20.9 ± 9.3, respectively. OAGB is an effective conversional procedure for insufficient weight loss and weight regain following failed SG and lead to satisfactory changes in obesity associated medical problems. The optimal weight loss results are obtained at 2-year follow-ups and these effects are then reduced.
Childhood temperament and adulthood personality differentially predict life outcomes
Authors: Wright Amanda J. , Jackson Joshua J.
Published: June 2022

Debate has long surrounded whether temperament and personality are distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. To the extent that there are differences, it could indicate important developmental insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for linking traits with outcomes. One way to test this is to examine the joint and incremental predictive validity of temperament and personality in the same individuals across time. Using a longitudinal sample spanning 3 decades starting at infancy and followed up to 37 years old (N = 7081), we ran a series of Bayesian generalized linear models with measures of childhood temperament and adult-based personality to predict outcomes in several life domains. Results indicated that while each set of individual differences were often related to the same outcomes, there were instances in which temperament provided incremental validity above adult personality, ranging from 2 to 10% additional variance explained. Personality in childhood explained the most variance for outcomes such as cognitive ability and educational attainment whereas personality performed best for outcomes such as health status, substance use, and most internalizing outcomes. These findings indicate childhood and adulthood assessments of personality are not redundant and that a lifespan approach is needed to understand fully understand life outcomes.
Phosphate interphase reinforced amorphous vanadium oxide cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Shangshang , Li Shengkai , Zhang Haiyan , Wen Daofeng , Zhang Shuqi , Li Lun , Liu Zhenjiang
Published: June 2022

Phosphate-doped amorphous vanadium oxide cathode materials with a low energy barrier are more conducive to Zn2+ insertion/extraction.
Defect engineering in two-dimensional perovskite nanowire arrays by europium(iii) doping towards high-performance photodetection
Authors: Guan Yuwei , Liang Jie , Zhao Yiman , Liu Zhen , Zhou Zhonghao , Ji Shiyang , Jia Yajun , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate high-performance photodetectors based on Eu-doped 2D perovskite nanowire arrays. Thanks to the efficient carrier transport and suppressed trap density, the optimized Eu-doped photodetectors show an excellent responsivity of 6.24 A W−1.
Photodegradation of naproxen using CuZnAl-layered double hydroxides as photocatalysts
Authors: Peng Bing , Wu Lanyan , Li Qingzhu , Wang Qingwei , Li Kaizhong , Zhou Zeyan
Published: June 2022

We herein report CuZnAl-layered double hydroxide that exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation of naproxen in water.
Velocity correlated emission of secondary clusters by a single surface impact of a polyatomic ion: a new mechanism of cluster emission and subpicosecond probing of extreme spike conditions
Authors: Armon E. , Bekkerman A. , Bernstein V. , Tsipinyuk B. , Kolodney E.
Published: June 2022

Velocity correlated cluster emission (VCCE) effect: all large clusters emitted from a given target following a fullerene ion impact move with nearly the same velocity. A hot moving precursor is proposed as the source of the outgoing clusters.
Effect of nanostructuring on the interaction of CO2with molybdenum carbide nanoparticles
Authors: Jimenez-Orozco Carlos , Figueras Marc , Flórez Elizabeth , Viñes Francesc , Rodriguez José A. , Illas Francesc
Published: June 2022

Insights of the CO2activation and dissociation on MoCyclusters and nanoparticles are gained by first-principles calculations as a function of size and composition.
Exploration of phase diagram, structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with NaFSI across an extended composition range
Authors: Biernacka Karolina , Makhlooghiazad Faezeh , Popov Ivan , Zhu Haijin , Chotard Jean-Noël , O’Dell Luke A. , Sokolov Alexei P. , Pringle Jennifer M. , Forsyth Maria
Published: June 2022

In this study we present a detailed exploration of the complex structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with the sodium salt NaFSI across the whole composition range from 0 to 100 mol%.
Ionic transistor using ion exchange membranes
Authors: Cheng Chaojun , Rashed Mohamed Z. , Fridman Gene Y.
Published: June 2022

This ionic transistor uses ion exchange membranes to deplete and enrich ions in a channel to induce an impedance change modulating an ionic current passing through it. It can work with physiological salt concentrations for long durations.
Catalase–albumin cluster incorporating protoporphyrin IX: an O2 generating photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yamada Taiga , Katsumi Maho , Yagisawa Yuka , Ichihara Masato , Komatsu Teruyuki
Published: June 2022

Catalase enwrapped covalently with human serum albumin incorporating protoporphyrin IX is a unique dual functional hemoprotein cluster (O2 generation and photosensitization) that can achieve enhanced photodynamic therapy.
Design and synthesis of binuclear vanadium catalysts for copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers
Authors: Nie Jinxin , Ren Feiyang , Li Zhen , Tian Kun , Zou Hui , Hou Xiaohua
Published: June 2022

Binuclear vanadium complexes exhibited higher activity than monometallic complexes in ethylene polymerization and afforded UHMWPE. The binuclear catalysts also showed moderate activity in copolymerization with 10-undecen-1-ol and methyl 10-undecenoate.
Unravelling phase and morphology evolution of NaYbF4 upconversion nanoparticles via modulating reaction parameters
Authors: Pan Xuechun , Ren Jilou , Zeng Jianfeng , Liu Mingyue , Fang Zhenlan , Ju Qiang
Published: June 2022

The phase and morphology evolutions of NaYbF4 upconversion nanocrystals have been systemically explored through modulating the experiment parameters in a canonical high-temperature co-precipitation method.
In situ polymerization confinement synthesis of ultrasmall MoTe2 nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of dopamine
Authors: Du Yuting , Dai Linxiu , Yang Fan , Zhang Yue , An Changhua
Published: June 2022

Ultrasmall MoTe2 nanoparticles has been synthesized using an in situ polymerization confinement method, which exhibits a low limit of detection and excellent selectivity for electrochemical dopamine sensors.
One-step fabrication of a bulk SnTe thermoelectric material with excellent performance through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis under a high-gravity field
Authors: Su Haojian , Han Yemao , Zhou Min , Huang Rongjin , Miao Zhicong , Li Laifeng
Published: June 2022

One-step fabrication of bulk SnTe thermoelectric material with excellent performance through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis under high-gravity field.
A review – exploring the performance degradation mechanisms of LiCoO2 cathodes at high voltage conditions and some optimizing strategies
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Weng Jingzheng , Wu Shuru , Zhang Xian , Tong Qingsong , Zhu Mengqi
Published: June 2022

The factors affecting the capacity degradation of lithium-ion batteries with LiCoO2 as the cathode material at high voltage are discussed, and then doping and surface coating strategies are proposed as corresponding solutions.
Efficacious and sustained release of an anticancer drug mitoxantrone from new covalent organic frameworks using protein corona
Authors: Bhunia Subhajit , Saha Pranay , Moitra Parikshit , Addicoat Matthew A. , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: June 2022

Solid porous and crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are characterized by their higher specific BET surface areas and functional pore walls, which allow the adsorption of various bioactive molecules inside the porous lattices.
Validating S‐parameter measurements of RF integrated circuits at milli‐Kelvin temperatures
Authors: Stanley M. , Parker‐Jervis R. , de Graaf S. , Lindström T. , Cunningham J. E. , Ridler N. M.
Published: June 2022

Techniques to precisely characterise RF components at milli‐Kelvin temperatures support the development of quantum computing systems utilising these components. In this work, an S‐parameter measurement setup to characterise RF integrated circuits at milli‐Kelvin temperatures has been proposed and for the first time, the S‐parameter measurements at milli‐Kelvin temperatures have been validated using two independent calibration techniques, thereby providing more confidence in measurements. The techniques are demonstrated experimentally by comparing and validating calibrated S‐parameter measurements of a cryogenic attenuator integrated circuits at milli‐Kelvin temperatures.
Cognitive selection of driving automation levels in highly automated vehicles leveraging on Bayesian networking principles
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Ilias , Dimitrakopoulos George
Published: June 2022

Highly automated vehicles (HAVs) are expected to fundamentally change the on‐road transportation field by increasing traffic flow efficiency, reducing road crashes caused by human errors, and increasing comfort and driving productivity. With the help of recent developments in cognitive management techniques and machine learning analysis, intelligent on‐board computing services are gaining acceptance. The main goal of the present paper is to introduce and develop a novel on‐board cognitive decision‐making functionality that dynamically and automatically enables HAVs to operate each time in the best available level of driving automation (LoDA). The proposed functionality utilizes several attributes associated with the driving environment and the driver's personality characteristics and personal preferences. The cognitive nature of the proposed functionality is based on previous knowledge, turned into experience, by implementing the Naive Bayes classifier supervised machine learning method. The effectiveness of the proposed cognitive functionality, in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence, in proactively identifying the optimal LoDA, is illustrated by modelling and analysing three scenarios with regards to drivers with different profile data and to driving scenes with different environment characteristics. Therefore, it can operate as an in‐car intelligent personal assistant for the drivers.
Joint 2D‐DOA and polarization estimation for Electromagnetic vector sensors array with compressive measurements
Authors: Zhu Dongchen , Cheng Xiancheng , Chen Baixiao
Published: June 2022

Electromagnetic vector sensors (EMVS) arrays have been employed extensively in the field of array signal processing for their advantage in terms of polarization diversity. However, with the introduction of EMVS, the cost of the hardware equipment and the complexity of the corresponding parameter estimation algorithms increase considerably, as the number of received signal channels and the dimension of the received signal are much larger than the traditional scalar array. In order to effectively reduce hardware cost and algorithm complexity, we propose a scheme that combines an electromagnetic vector sensor array with a compression network. We construct the corresponding signal model and based on this we derive a Compressed Reduced Dimensional MUltiple SIgnal Classification (Compressed To avoid the multi‐dimensional search, Reduced Dimension MUSIC) algorithm which can effectively reduce the computational complexity. While selecting the coefficient matrix of the compressed network, random selection can cause information loss, which leads to the performance degradation of the estimation algorithm. To address this problem, we propose an optimization method for coefficient matrix selection based on the maximum signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) criterion. Numerical simulations are conducted in different scenarios to verify the effectiveness of the parameter estimation algorithm and the optimization algorithm.
Recognition and parameter estimation of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar pulse repetition interval modulation based on short time modified pulse repetition interval transform
Authors: Qiao Guanyu , Dai Dahai , Zhang Caikun , Ji Penghui , Pang Bo
Published: June 2022

The traditional pulse repetition interval (PRI) transform method and modified PRI transform method have a low ability to recognise the complex PRI modulation type adopted in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems. To solve this problem, a short‐time modified PRI transform (STMPT) method based on the traditional PRI transform method was proposed. The STMPT method converts the one‐dimensional representation of PRI estimation results into a time‐varying characteristic sensitive (TVCS) matrix of the PRI. Combined with the mathematical models of the four PRI modulation types including PRI fixed, staggered PRI, fast PRI change, and a more elaborated PRI sequence concatenating multiple fast PRI change sequences, the non‐zero segment characteristics were obtained by incoherent accumulation and rearrangement of the TVCS matrix. Parameter estimation of the four PRI modulation types was also realised based on the geometrical and statistical characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the algorithm were verified by simulation analysis.
Post-CMV Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Anti-GM2 Antibodies: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Manaud Alice , Geraudie Amandine , Viguier Agnès , Mengelle Catherine , Fortenfant Françoise , Baudou Eloïse , Cheuret Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute post-infectious inflammatory polyneuropathy of ubiquitous distribution. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the virus that is most frequently involved. All ages are affected but rare pediatric cases seem to show some distinctive features in terms of specificity and severity. Specific antibodies that target the peripheral nervous system have been identified in several forms of GBS in adults, such as anti-GM2 ganglioside antibodies in post-CMV GBS, which in most instances present as demyelinating polyneuropathies, with a more favorable progression and fewer complications.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective report on two cases of post-CMV GBS with a demyelinating disorder and positive for anti-GM2 IgM. The review of the literature examines five other cases of children with post-CMV GBS with anti-GM2 IgM.

Results In terms of progression, our two cases of post-CMV GBS with a demyelinating disorder and anti-GM2 IgM are similar to the five other cases described in the literature. The CMV infection was asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic and involved girls (6/7), often presenting severe motor forms with frequent loss of the ability to walk (4/6), facial involvement (⅗), little respiratory involvement (⅙), and favorable progression with adapted treatment.

Conclusion Post-CMV GBS with anti-GM2 IgM is a specific clinical spectrum that seems to affect children as it affects adults with a predominance among females, demyelination, and severe motor involvement, but a good prognosis. On the other hand, unlike adults, the use of assisted ventilation does not seem to be more frequent.
The victimisation of farms in Ireland: fear of crime, social isolation and crime prevention
Authors: O’Brien Margueriete , Windle James
Published: June 2022

This paper explores farmer’s experiences of crime and their attitudes towards crime prevention in one rural hinterland. Farmer’s attitudes about safety and crime present a dichotomy: fear of victimisation was relatively high, yet few participants reported having been victimised, and there was a perception that agricultural crime was high in Ireland but low in their locality. Feelings of insecurity were partly influenced by the closure of rural Garda stations and uneven distribution of information technology. Participants were most concerned with theft of small machinery, violent coercion connected to fraudulent work, illegal dumping and trespassing, rather than thefts of expensive machinery and livestock. Participants reported being unable to afford some crime prevention measures and/or having insufficient time to implement them. The paper concludes by highlighting the relevance of Farrell and Tilley’s (2020) concept of elegant security to farm crime and discussing the role of community policing.
Powernet: A novel method for wind power predictive analytics using Powernet deep learning model
Authors: Garg Sherry , Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi
Published: June 2022

Sustainable energy is a significant power generation resource for a cleaner and CO2 free environment. Out of different renewable energies out there, wind energy is a rapidly growing sector and integrated into the power grid. However, uncertainty, stochastic, and non-stationary nature of meteorological features, on which wind power depends, makes it difficult to predict accurately. The efficiency of wind farms and the power grid is directly proportional to efficient wind power predictive analytics. This study describes a hybrid model named Powernet for improving the predicted accuracy in the field of wind power analytics. The improved hybrid model is a combination of Convolution 1 Dimensional (Conv-1D) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) models. First, Conv-1D layers extract the spatial features of timestamped data sequentially. Then, the output generated by multiple convolution operations at the nested layers is embedded with BiLSTM to work on the temporal characteristics of wind power data. The nesting of spatial and temporal extractors generates a novel architecture, Powernet for wind power forecasting from raw data. The effectiveness of Powernet has been validated on the real-time wind power National Renewable Energy Laboratory dataset. Also, error and computational analysis have been conducted for short-term wind power forecasting with an ensemble of long short-term memory-based models. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed model Powernet achieves better prediction than traditional deep learning standalone and hybrid models. Also, the statistical models are compared to show that the raw data need to be pre-processed when conventional models are applied. However, Powernet does not need the overhead of pre-processing for generating better predictions.
Impact dynamics of air-in-liquid compound droplets
Authors: Naidu Deekshith P. , Dash Susmita
Published: June 2022

Compound droplets are utilized in applications ranging from preparation of emulsion to biological cell printing and additive manufacturing. Here, we report on the impact dynamics of an air-in-liquid hollow compound droplet on a solid substrate. Contrary to the impact of pure droplets and compound droplets with liquids of similar densities, a compound droplet with an encapsulated air bubble demonstrates the formation of a counterjet in addition to the lamella. We experimentally investigate the influence of the size of the air bubble, liquid viscosity, and height of impact on the evolution of counterjet and the spreading characteristics of the lamella. For a given hollow droplet, the volume of the counterjet is observed to depend on the volume of air and liquid in the droplet and is independent of the viscosity of the liquid and impact velocity of the droplet. We observe that the spread characteristics, counterintuitively, do not vary significantly compared to that of a pure droplet having an identical liquid volume as the hollow droplet. We propose a model to predict the maximum spread during the impact of a hollow droplet based on the energy interaction between the spreading liquid and the liquid in the counterjet during the impact process.
Exploring the controlling mechanisms for gradient evolution in unsteady detonation flows
Authors: Xie Qing , Liu Yuen , Chen Yuxuan , Ren Zhuyin
Published: June 2022

Proper characterization of the transient interaction between shock front motion and chemical energy release is the key for further understanding of unsteady detonation dynamics. We have shown that the gradients could be the adequate intermediate quantities to reflect the transient interaction between shock front motion and chemical energy release through the Lagrangian particle analysis of the simulated direct detonation initiation (DDI) process in H2–O2–Ar mixtures. Specifically, the “shock change equations” are verified to describe the direct relation between the shock front motion and the gradients immediately behind the shock. Moreover, given the time derivatives of shock speed, the gradient evolution in the induction zone can be reproduced by the gradient evolution equations that are deduced from the Euler equations, no matter if the shock front undergoes rapid deceleration or acceleration. While in the reaction zone where the heat release is significant, it is demonstrated that the evolutions of velocity, pressure, and their gradients can be described by the Zel'dovich–von Neumann–Döring model with a constant wave speed that is below the Chapman–Jouguet speed, no matter if the shock front undergoes rapid deceleration or acceleration. These two distinct controlling mechanisms are verified in both planar and spherical DDI processes, showing their general applicability. This work suggests a new perspective, in terms of gradient evolution, for further understanding the unsteady detonation dynamics.
The stability and morphology of nanobubbles on homogeneous surfaces with different wettability
Authors: Pan Yongcai , Zhou Limin , Wen Binghai
Published: June 2022

Surface nanobubbles were observed to survive with apparent long-term stability and small contact angles in contrast to larger microbubbles. Although the contact line pinning and hydrophobic attraction model can well explain the stability of pinned surface nanobubbles, their experimental morphology features on different surfaces are yet to be presented. With a linearized attraction potential related to surface wettability, in this work, we developed a model that distinguished the stability of nanobubbles and the instability of larger microbubbles reaching diffusive and mechanical equilibrium on homogeneous surfaces. The dynamic evolutions, stability, and morphology of nanobubbles on surfaces with different wettability were investigated. Its results demonstrated that bubbles with different initial sizes and gas oversaturation would present four dynamic states: shrinkage to dissolution, shrinkage or growth to the stable equilibrium, and expansion to burst. The bubbles at stable equilibrium have typical footprint radius ranges, limited heights, and small contact angles, as measured in experiments. Furthermore, with the increase in hydrophobicity, the stable contact radius of nanobubbles becomes larger while the required degree of gas saturation is alleviated. At the same contact radius, the height and contact angle of the bubble on hydrophilic surface are larger than that on hydrophobic surface, both increasing with the growing contact radius. These theoretical predictions are consistent with experimental observations and would be meaningful to understand the stability of surface nanobubbles.
Resonance and antiresonance characteristics in linearly delayed Maryland model
Authors: Yu Hsinchen , Bai Dong , He Peishan , Zhang Xiaoping , Ren Zhongzhou , Zheng Qiang
Published: June 2022

The Maryland model is a critical theoretical model in quantum chaos. This model describes the motion of a spin-1/2 particle on a one-dimensional lattice under the periodical disturbance of the external delta-function-like magnetic field. In this work, we propose the linearly delayed quantum relativistic Maryland model (LDQRMM) as a novel generalization of the original Maryland model and systematically study its physical properties. We derive the resonance and antiresonance conditions for the angular momentum spread. The “characteristic sum” is introduced in this paper as a new measure to quantify the sensitivity between the angular momentum spread and the model parameters. In addition, different topological patterns emerge in the LDQRMM. It predicts some additions to the Anderson localization in the corresponding tight-binding systems. Our theoretical results could be verified experimentally by studying cold atoms in optical lattices disturbed by a linearly delayed magnetic field.
Normally-off AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors with in-situ AlN gate insulator
Authors: Pu Taofei , Liu Shuqiang , Li Xiaobo , Wang Ting-Ting , Du Jiyao , Li Liuan , He Liang , Liu Xinke , Ao Jin-Ping
Published: June 2022

AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) with p-GaN cap layer are developed for normally-off operation, in which an in-situ grown AlN layer is utilized as the gate insulator. Compared with the SiN
x
gate insulator, the AlN/p-GaN interface presents a more obvious energy band bending and a wider depletion region, which helps to positively shift the threshold voltage. In addition, the relatively large conduction band offset of AlN/p-GaN is beneficial to suppress the gate leakage current and enhance the gate breakdown voltage. Owing to the introduction of AlN layer, normally-off p-GaN capped AlGaN/GaN HFET with a threshold voltage of 4 V and a gate swing of 13 V is realized. Furthermore, the field-effect mobility is approximately 1500 cm2⋅V−1⋅s−1 in the 2DEG channel, implying a good device performance.
Mottness, phase string, and high-T
c superconductivity
Authors: Zhao Jing-Yu , Weng Zheng-Yu
Published: June 2022

It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in nature are dictated by gauge forces, characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge q acquires from A to B points:

P
exp

(

i

q

ℏ
c

∫
A
B

A
μ

d

x
μ

)

,

where Aμ
is the gauge potential and P stands for path ordering. In a many-body system of strongly correlated electrons, if the so-called Mott gap is opened up by interaction, the corresponding Hilbert space will be fundamentally changed. A novel nonintegrable phase factor known as phase-string will appear and replace the conventional Fermi statistics to dictate the low-lying physics. Protected by the Mott gap, which is clearly identified in the high-T
c cuprate with a magnitude > 1.5 eV, such a singular phase factor can enforce a fractionalization of the electrons, leading to a dual world of exotic elementary particles with a topological gauge structure. A non-Fermi-liquid “parent” state will emerge, in which the gapless Landau quasiparticle is only partially robust around the so-called Fermi arc regions, while the main dynamics are dominated by two types of gapped spinons. Antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and a Fermi liquid with full Fermi surface can be regarded as the low-temperature instabilities of this new parent state. Both numerics and experiments provide direct evidence for such an emergent physics of the Mottness, which lies in the core of a high-T
c superconducting mechanism.
Bioinspired tactile perception platform with information encryption function
Authors: Shi Zhi-Wen , Ren Zheng-Yu , Wang Wei-Sheng , Xiao Hui , Zeng Yu-Heng , Zhu Li-Qiang
Published: June 2022

Mimicking tactile perception is critical to the development of advanced interactive neuromorphic platforms. Inspired by cutaneous perceptual functions, a bionic tactile perceptual platform is proposed. PDMS-based tactile sensors act as bionic skin touch receptors. Flexible indium tin oxide neuromorphic transistors fabricated with a single-step mask processing act as artificial synapses. Thus, the tactile perceptual platform possesses the ability of information processing. Interestingly, the flexible tactile perception platform can find applications in information encryption and decryption. With adoption of cipher, signal transmitted by the perception platform is encrypted. Thus, the security of information transmission is effectively improved. The flexible tactile perceptual platform would have potentials in cognitive wearable devices, advanced human–machine interaction system, and intelligent bionic robots.
Amplitude modulation excitation for cancellous bone evaluation using a portable ultrasonic backscatter instrumentation
Authors: Li Boyi , Liu Chengcheng , Liu Xin , Tran Tho N. H. T. , Li Ying , Li Dan , Bi Dongsheng , Liu Duwei , Ta Dean
Published: June 2022

The ultrasonic backscatter (UB) has the advantage of non-invasively obtaining bone density and structure, expected to be an assessment tool for early diagnosis osteoporosis. All former UB measurements were based on exciting a short single-pulse and analyzing the ultrasonic signals backscattered in bone. This study aims to examine amplitude modulation (AM) ultrasonic excitation with UB measurements for predicting bone characteristics. The AM multiple lengths excitation and backscatter measurement (AM-UB) functions were integrated into a portable ultrasonic instrument for bone characterization. The apparent integrated backscatter coefficient in the AM excitation (AIBAM) was evaluated on the AM-UB instrumentation. The correlation coefficients of the AIBAM estimating volume fraction (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) were then analyzed. Significant correlations (|R| = 0.82–0.93, p < 0.05) were observed between the AIBAM, BV/TV, SMI, and BMD. By growing the AM excitation length, the AIBAM values exhibit more stability both in 1.0-MHz and 3.5-MHz measurements. The recommendations in AM-UB measurement were that the avoided length (T1) should be lower than AM excitation length, and the analysis length (T2) should be enough long but not more than AM excitation length. The authors conducted an AM-UB measurement for cancellous bone characterization. Increasing the AM excitation length could substantially enhance AIBAM values stability with varying analyzed signals. The study suggests the portable AM-UB instrument with the integration of real-time analytics software that might provide a potential tool for osteoporosis early screening.
Flow and clogging in a horizontal silo with a rotary obstacle
Authors: Xu Cong-Cong , Shi Qing-Fan , Liu Wei , Zheng Ning
Published: June 2022

The external perturbation applied to a silo and the placement of an immobile obstacle before an exit are two common and effective ways to diminish clogging in the hopper/silo flow. Here, we incorporate the local perturbation into a fixed obstacle, and experimentally explore the effects of a rotary obstacle on clogging and the flowing characteristics in the horizontal silo flow driven by a conveyor belt. Even with a low spin rate, the total blocking probability that a particle constructs a stable blocking arch with its neighbors significantly drops. Correspondingly, the average flow rate of the particles through the exit abruptly rises, at least 1 order of magnitude better than that with an immobile obstacle and approaching the flow rate of continuous flow. The rotation enhances the breakage of clogging arches, which is responsible for improving the flowability in the horizontal silo. In addition, there always exists an optimal obstacle position at which the total blocking probability is minimal and the average flow rate peaks, regardless of the spin rate. Finally, clogging is relieved with the increase of the driving velocity of the conveyor belt, showing a “fast is fast” effect that is opposite to the “fast is slow” effect in other systems such as crowd evacuation and gravity-driven hoppers.
Synthesis and properties of La1 – x
Sr
x
NiO3 and La1–x
Sr
x
NiO2
Authors: Huo Mengwu , Liu Zengjia , Sun Hualei , Li Lisi , Lui Hui , Huang Chaoxin , Liang Feixiang , Shen Bing , Wang Meng
Published: June 2022

Superconductivity has been realized in films of La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2. Here we report synthesis and characterization of polycrystalline samples of La1−x
Sr
x
NiO3 and La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2). Magnetization and resistivity measurements reveal that La1−x
Sr
x
NiO3 are paramagnetic metal and La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2 exhibit an insulating behavior. Superconductivity is not detected in bulk samples of La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2. The absence of superconductivity in bulk La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2 may be due to the generation of hydroxide during reduction, a small amount of nickel impurity, or incomplete reduction of apical oxygen. The effect of interface in films of La1−x
Sr
x
NiO2 may also play a role for superconductivity.
New surprises from tree vascular systems. A commentary on: ‘Seasonal patterns of increases in stem girth, vessel development and hydraulic function in deciduous tree species’
Authors: Groover Andrew
Published: June 2022

This article comments on:

Jessica Valdovinos-Ayala, Catherine Robles, Jaycie C. Fickle, Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis, R. Brandon Pratt and Anna L. Jacobsen, Seasonal patterns of increases in stem girth, vessel development, and hydraulic function in deciduous tree species, Annals of Botany, Volume 130, Issue 3, 1 September 2022, Pages 355–365 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac032
Analytical Considerations in Deriving 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limits for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: Educational Recommendations from the IFCC Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers
Authors: Aakre Kristin M , Saenger Amy K , Body Rick , Collinson Paul , Hammarsten Ola , Jaffe Allan S , Kavsak Pete , Omland Torbjørn , Ordonez-Lianos Jordi , Apple Fred S
Published: June 2022

The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers provides evidence-based educational documents to facilitate uniform interpretation and utilization of cardiac biomarkers in clinical laboratories and practice. The committee’s goals are to improve the understanding of certain key analytical and clinical aspects of cardiac biomarkers and how these may interplay in clinical practice. Measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays is a cornerstone in the clinical evaluation of patients with symptoms and/or signs of acute cardiac ischemia. To define myocardial infarction, the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction requires patients who manifest with features suggestive of acute myocardial ischemia to have at least one cTn concentration above the sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) for hs-cTn assays and a dynamic pattern of cTn concentrations to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for MI. This special report provides an overview of how hs-cTn 99th percentile URLs should be established, including recommendations about prescreening and the number of individuals required in the reference cohort, how statistical analysis should be conducted, optimal preanalytical and analytical protocols, and analytical/biological interferences or confounds that can affect accurate determination of the 99th percentile URLs. This document also provides guidance and solutions to many of the issues posed.