bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abundance of filamentous algae on Kappahycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated by vertical net
Authors: Devi  , Kasim M , Irawati N , Balubi A M , Jalil W
Published: July 2021

Filament algae that attach to theKapapphycus alvareziithallus are mainlyChaetomorpha crassa, Cladophora sp. andElachista flaccida. Algae fillament attached to the thallusK. alvareziiaffect several factors including nutrient absorption and competition for sunlight. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the number of algal filament attached to the thallusKapapphycus alvareziiandEucheuma denticulatum. The results showed that the most dominant filament attached to the thallusE. denticulatumwasC. crassawith the highest number of filaments was 155.6 filaments/cm2with a wet weight of 2.98 g. the number of filaments ofCladophora spis 13.8 filaments/cm2.E.flaccidawas found to be widely attached to the talusK. alvarezii. The number of filaments attached to theK. alvareziithallus is 17.8 filaments/cm2 and was found on the 20th day. The average specific growth rate ofK. alvareziiandE. denticulatumis 2% / day. this growth rate is not affected by the presence of algal filaments attached to the thallus. Physical-chemical parameters of the waters during the study showed that the temperature of the waters ranged from 29-30 °C, the brightness at study site was 9.1-9.35 m, the current speed ranged from 0.092 to 0.49 m / s. Salinity ranges from 30-33 ppt, nitrate ranges from 0.0237 to 0.0416 mg/L, Phosphate ranges from 0.0015 to 0.0036 mg/L and DO ranges from 5.7 to 6.4 mg/L. Pearson correlation analysis results confirm that seaweed growth has a positive correlation with current velocity and nitrate.
A Study on the distribution of water quality in Labuang Sasi waters, Nolloth Village, Central Maluku
Authors: Hatulesila S , Bambang A , Sulardiono B
Published: July 2021

A study on the water quality in a body of water is an important thing to do, especially for the waters that are vulnerable to contamination and classified as the productive waters area. Nolloth Village has conservation waters that are managed by the local community based on local wisdom, i.e. Labuang Sasi with an area of 23.85 hectares. It is used by the people of Nolloth Village for fishing. However, managing coastal resources is also inseparable from the low understanding of the local community concerning the true value of coastal resources as a whole. The extraction of natural resources by coastal communities still leaves waste. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the condition of the water quality in Labuan Sasi Waters, Nolloth Village, Central Maluku. The employed parameters in this study included pH, DO, salinity, and temperature at 4 observation stations. The applied method in this study was the direct measurement on the surface of Labuan Sasi Waters in Nolloth Village. The obtained results of measurements indicated that in-situ DO in Labuang Sasi Waters ranged from 4.87 to 4.89 mg/l; in-situ pH ranged from 7.21 to 7.67; the in-situ temperature ranged from 29.30 to 30.500C; and in-situ salinity ranged from 4.87 to 4.89‰. Overall, the results of measurement and the analysis of water quality parameters in Labuang Sasi Waters indicated that the waters are in good condition and can support the life of the marine biota.
Ecological status based on the diversity of macrozoobenthic in Cengkok coastal waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Srimariana E S , Hilmira C , Sulistono
Published: July 2021

Cengkok Coastal waters is one of the estuaries in Banten Bay. This coastal area has been subjected to various anthropogenic stresses in recent years, which can affect the structure of the macrozoobenthic communities. This study aims to estimate the ecological status of the waters using macrozoobenthic diversity in the bay. The study was conducted from May to September 2019 at five stations. Macrozoobenthic were sampled using a Van Veen grab sampler. Analysis was carried out to reveal genera composition, density, diversity, evenness, dominance indices in the bay. The results showed that macrozoobenthic obtained consisted of Bivalvia, Gastropod, Polychaeta and Malacostraca. Based on time, the density of macrozoobenthic was higher in August 2019 and lower in September. The diversity index range from 0.872 to 1.443. The evenness index range from 0.368 to 0.698, and the dominance index from 0.487 to 0.711. Based on location, the highest density of macrozoobenthic was at St. 5 and the lowest at St. 2. The diversity index range from 0.547 to 1.875. The evenness index from 0.254 to 0.737 and dominance index from 0.374 to 0.813. Macrozoobenthic in this area was strongly influenced by the salinity fluctuation of the coastal waters. Based on the values of the diversity, evenness and dominance indices, this coastal waters has diversity ranged from low to moderate, with dominant macrozoobenthic at certain times and locations.
Reproductive aspects of greenback mullet Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in Cengkok coastal waters, Banten Bay Indonesia
Authors: Fitriah N , Rahardjo M F , Affandi R , Sulistiono  , Wildan D M , Simanjuntak C P H
Published: July 2021

Greenback mullet (Planiliza subviridis) is one of commercially important fish species and widely caught in Cengkok Beach, Banten Bay. This study aims to examine some reproductive aspects of greenback mullet in Cengkok coastal waters of Banten Bay. The study was conducted from April to August 2019 at Cengkok Beach, Banten Bay. Fish sampling was performed by using gill net and cast net. Samples analysis were conducted including gonad maturity index, fecundity, relationship between body length with fecundity, and egg diameter. A total 223 individuals of mullet were captured, consisted of 113 males and 110 females. The total length and weight ranged from 56-263 mm and 2.3-182 g, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female fish was 1: 0.97 (balanced). Condition factor of male and female fish ranged from 0.99 to 1.02 and 0.96 to 1.03, respectively. Size at first maturity for male and female were 137.8 mm and 163.9 mm, respectively. It is very likely that the spawning season occurred from April to August with the peak season in July. Reproductive potential ranged from 17.284-101.670 eggs with a spawning type as total spawner.
The analysis of the influence of running cost, shore cost and labor cost, towards profitability at the purse seine capture fisheries business units in the District of Seram Bagian Barat
Authors: Turukay E , Esomar M J F , Loppies L
Published: July 2021

Maluku is one of the provinces which has extensive fishery potential. However, the utilization of fishery potency in the District of Seram Bagian Barat’s maritime territory as one of the fishery management areas in Maluku, only reaches 40%. It shows that there is a huge opportunity for the development of capture fisheries business in the District of Seram Bagian Barat. The output determinants of the purse seine capture fisheries business are running cost, shore cost, and labor cost. The number of samples in this research is 60. Using the purposive sampling method, the samples are collected from the data of 20 business units for 3 consecutive years (2016-2018). This research is a Descriptive research with quantitative approach, which profitability is measured by ROI (Return On Investments) and the data analysis technique applied is the multiple linear regression with the smart PLS 3.0 program. The research is resulted in several conclusions. First, running cost variable has a positive and significant influence towards profitability (ROI), which proves that the District of Seram Bagian Barat’s maritime territory is still in the state of under exploited for small pelagic fish. Second, shore cost variable has a negative and significant influence towards profitability (ROI) which describes that the distance between fishing based to the target market is considerable obstacle. Third, the labor cost variable has a positive influence towards profitability (ROI), which shows that the amount of catch is not only determined by the number of crews and the size of the net but also by the skills and abilities of each crew to perform their respective duty correctly.
Coconut sugar production of Dwarf coconut varieties
Authors: Novarianto H , Tulalo M A , Mawardi S
Published: July 2021

One alternative coconut product of high economic value is coconut sugar. Coconut sugar is processed from tapped sap collected from bunches. Nationally, coconut sugar production reaches around 300,000 tonnes / year. The demand for coconut sugar in Indonesia, especially as a raw material for sweet soy sauce production, increasing by 10% every year. Due to sluggish demand, raw materials for the coconut sugar soy product has been decreasing in recent years. The shortage of coconut climbers collecting coconut sap is the cause of this issue, which is caused by a number of factors, including the fact that young tappers are less interested in climbing tall coconut palms. To solve this problem, it is important to determine the potency of dwarf coconuts, which have a shorter trunk and bear fruit earlier. This study was aimed to evaluate and conduct selection of Dwarf coconut varieties that have high yield potential as a producer of sap and coconut sugar. The research was conducted in North Sulawesi Provinces by evaluating nine Dwarf coconut varieties. The results of research on the production of coconut sap and sugar from nine Dwarf coconut varieties with different plant ages, obtained mixed results among coconut varieties. The time length of tapping sap varies between 31.42 and 43.21 days/bunch, the amount of sap varies between 1.1 and 3.3 liters/tree/day, the sap pH ranges from 6.49 to 7.86, Brix ranges from 14.01 to 17.64, sugar yield ranges from 14.54 to 18.95%, and sugar production ranges from 0.16 to 0.42 kg/tree/day. Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), and Nias Yellow Dwarf (NYD) are the Dwarf coconut varities with the highest potential sap and sugar yields, with potential sugar yields of 2.09 tons, 1.64 tons, and 1.56 tons/month/ha, respectively. These Dwarf coconut are hoped to be grown in several provinces that produce coconut sugar to assist coconut farmer.
Potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria and Trichoderma sp. as biological pesticides to control maize leaf blight (Zea mays L)
Authors: Sopialena  , Sofian  , Wiranata A , Tantiani D
Published: July 2021

Maize Leaf Blight Disease caused by the fungus Helmintosporium turcicum is one of the diseases that always found on maize plantation. The disease attacks in the vegetative phase and it causes up to 27% loss of yield. Most of the farmers control the disease by using chemical pesticides that cause pollution to the environment, while this study offers control by using biological pesticides with Paenibacilus polymyxa Mace bacteria and Trichoderma sp fungus. This research aims to find out the effectiveness of P. polymyxa Mace and Trichoderma sp. and the combination of both against the disease of Leaf Blight in maize plantation. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Block Randomized Design. The treatments were control (without biopesticides), ( 10 ml P. polymyxa Mace 10 ml Trichoderma sp., and combination of 10 ml P. polymyxa Mace and Trichoderma sp.. Each treatment has 5 (five) replications. The results showed that all treatments were effective in suppressing Leaf Blight Disease on corn, however, Trichoderma sp. gave the best influence in controlling Leaf Blight Disease on the corn plant.
Utilization of sago grub (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as an alternative source of protein
Authors: Leatemia J A , Patty J A , Masauna E D , Noya S H , Hasinu J V
Published: July 2021

Since ancient times, sago grubs have been consumed by people in many places including Maluku, Papua and Borneo in various processed forms. People who own sago forests/plantations or reside in places with sago forests currently still eat sago worms as a supplement to their diet. Sago grub, larva of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier), is a pest majorly on sago and others palm trees. The objective of this study was to obtain data on the life cycle of the insect in the laboratory and to determine the nutritional content of sago grubs as a reference for the utilization of sago grubs. as an alternative source of protein for human as well as livestock. The results showed that egg stage take place in 3-5 days, larvae consists of 5 instars and take place in about 60-72 days. The pupal stage take place in about 16-20 days, the total life cycle of insect in the laboratory is 89.3 days. The 4th and 5th instar larvae have nutritional composition including carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. They contain 27.97% protein, all (9) essential amino acids, 59.71% fat with three unsaturated fatty acids including the essential fatty acids : omega 3 and omega 6. Therefore, they have the potential to be cultivated as natural source of animal protein for human and livestock.
Optimization the ratio of concentrations of liquid organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase soybean production
Authors: Herawati J , Indarwati  , Karyati P D , Ernawati  , Inti R W
Published: July 2021

This Study aims to determine the effect of the application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) combined with various levels of basic fertilizer in an effort to improve growth and increase soybean production. The research used 2 factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first Factor K (LOF) concentration consisted of ; K1 = 10.7%; K2 = 14.3% and K3 = 17.9%. The second factor is D (ratio of inorganic fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O), D1 = 30: 80: 30, D2 = 40: 90: 40, D3 = 50: 100: 50. The treatment was repeated 3 times. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments for the observed parameters. The combination of K2D3 treatment resulted in soybean production reaching 3.2 tons / ha which was not significantly different from other treatment combinations. TThis research showed that Anjasmoro variety was able to produce 2.09 - 3.20 ton / ha, there are up to 42.2% higher than the description of the this variety, which only had a yield of 2.03-2.25 ton / ha. The results showed that the use of LOF in soybean plants could reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing production cost and increasing farmers’ income. In the future, processing organic waste into LOF can be used to increase land productivity, prevent land degradation, and be a solution in overcoming the problem of organic waste.
Formulation and physical stability test of hand sanitizer based on nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Authors: Agustin R D , Taihuttu Y M J
Published: July 2021

The hand is one of the pathways for spreading disease through bacterial contamination, so an antibacterial agent must be applied as a handwashing agent. A practical alternative to washing hands is to use an antiseptic gel. Nutmeg contains active compounds as antibacterial agents. This research aimed to obtain the most suitable formulation of nutmeg oil antiseptic gel as a hand sanitizer. Nutmeg oil antiseptic gel preparations were made in three different formulations with concentrations of 15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 25% (F3). The physical properties stability test of gel included freeze-thaw for stability test, pH, homogeneity, organoleptic, spreadability, and adhesion test. The results showed that the gel was white and had a peculiar smell of nutmeg, the gel form was semisolid, and the pH value was 6. Based on the freeze-thaw test, the preparation is stable in 3 cycles. The results of the spreadability and adhesion tests were influenced by differences in nutmeg oil concentration. That the nutmeg oil concentration of 25% (F3) was found to be the optimal formulation because it meets all the requirements for the physical properties of the gel.
Conservation and utilization of Melaleuca cajuputi sub sp cajuputi, an indigenous species in Moluccas Island, Indonesia
Authors: Rimbawanto A , Kartikawati N K , Latumahina F
Published: July 2021

Melaleuca cajuput (cajuput) subsp. cajuputi is an endemic species of Indonesia, found naturally in the island of Buru, Seram and Ambon and cultivated in Java. The cajuputi tree is harvested for the leaves which contain important essential oil of 1,8 cineole. Because of intensive utilization and inappropriate management of the resources, the genetic diversity in the natural distribution is under threat. Collection of genetic materials across its natural distribution conducted in 1995 and 1998 had captured more than 160 genotypes for screening of high oil yield and 1,8 cineole content. The selected genotypes had been planted as seed orchards in Java for production of genetically improved seeds. Breeding program is continuing to produce elite clones. The use of superior seeds/clones for plantation is the best solution to increase cajuput oil production and to achieve self-sufficiency in oil supply. Both industrial scale and smallholder plantations are being established to increase the national production which currently stood at around 650 ton/year whilst domestic demand is already over 3500 ton/year. The species is a good example of successful domestication. The native stands are still utilized for oil production and plantations outside the natural range are developing. The paper also discusses importance of breeding program to increase cajuputi oil production in Indonesia.
Is it possible that logged-over areas can recover naturally: the case of logged-over areas in South Kalimantan
Authors: Qirom M A , Andriani S , Halwany W , Lestari F
Published: July 2021

Logging causes a decline in the quality of stands in all forest types. However, these forests can recover naturally. This study aims to measure the ability to recover logged-over areas based on the species composition and above-ground biomass. This research was conducted by logged-over forest in 1987, of lowland forest type in the Kintap Research Forest, South Kalimantan. The research was carried out by making a measurement plot on three types of land with the main road’s distance as a differentiating factor. Each type of measurement plot measuring 1 hectare is divided into five replications with 20 m × 100 m. The measurement parameters are the diversity of species and above-ground biomass estimated by the allometric model. The results showed that the distance difference did not affect the species composition and the potential for above-ground ground biomass. The species composition is indicated by the diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index, including above-ground biomass. Overall, more than 100 tree species present after felling and an evenness index of higher than 0.75, indicating that the community is stable with high species diversity and low dominance. This indicates that logged-over areas can recover but that recovery requires adequate regeneration after logging. The implication is that logging must leave enough standing stands. This condition will encourage natural regeneration or succession in logged-over forests.
Economic and ecological adaptation to changes in agricultural land use to increase sustainable economic resilience
Authors: Jumiyati S , Nurdin R , Rahman I , Alam A S , Akkas N
Published: July 2021

Demand for land has increased very rapidly in line with population development and economic growth. In an effort to achieve high economic growth, land productivity is spurred in such a way as to result in the increased exploitation of natural resources which has an impact on the destruction of forests, land, water, air, and biodiversity. The concept of sustainable use of natural resources will face various challenges because, on the one hand, increased economic resilience must be encouraged, while on the other hand, ecological aspects and physical preservation of the landscape must be maintained. The study was aimed at finding out the historical basis of forest land-use change and recommendations for sustainable land use models based on the economic and ecological adaptation of farmers around the buffer zone of Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL), Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This type of research is qualitative research to describe the history of land-use change and ecological adaptation. Meanwhile, economic risk analysis is used to explain the economic adaptation of farmers. The results showed that land use with agroforestry systems was the result of the economic and ecological adaptation of farmers based on the economic and climate change risks faced by farmers around forests.
Identification and assessment of invasive plant species at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari R
Published: July 2021

Alien plant species were introduced to Indonesia for cultivation, experimental and curiosities, or a Botanic Garden’s collection. Those alien species could also be imported through plant propagules infecting imported agricultural products. The species could be useful or have a possibility as invasive. A Botanic Garden collects documented plant species for conservation, research, environmental education, ecotourism, and ecosystem services. Bogor Botanic Garden was established in 1817 and has many plant collections not only from Indonesia but also from many other countries of the world. This study aims to identify the invasive plants as a collection of Bogor BG, characterise, and assess the plants to reduce the risk. There were 69 invasive species with a total of 262 plants collected in the garden, with the habit form of climber, tree, shrub, herb, clump, fern and aquatic. The source of the invasive plants was only from outside Indonesia (19 species), only from Indonesia (36 species), or both sources (14 species). The native of the invasive species was Indonesia (26 species), out of Indonesia (37 species) or unknown (6 species). The characteristic of invasiveness of the plant species is very important as an input for further risk analysing of invasive plant of the garden and for managing the plants of Botanic Gardens in the future time.
The potential development of ecotourism based on mangrove ecosystem in Ujung Pangkah of Gresik Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ali M , Sulistiono  , Imran Z , Simanjuntak C PH
Published: July 2021

Ujung Pangkah mangrove ecosystem in the estuary of Bengawan Solo River is one of the mangrove ecosystems in East Java Province. In addition to its ecological functions, the presence of extensive mangrove forests with highly diversified fauna gives it the potential to be developed asa future tourism object. This study aimed to determine mangrove ecosystems for potential tourism development in Ujung Pangkah, Gresik Regency, East Java. The structure of the mangrove ecosystem was obtained by analyzing the mangrove vegetation, while land suitability and determination of suitable activity in mangrove area were obtained through multi-criteria analysis. According to the study, there were 7 species of mangrove found in Ujung Pangkah.Avecenia marinaandRhizophora apiculatawere commonly found in the area. The type of ecotourism activities considered as very appropriate in the Ujung Pangkah mangrove area included jogging, specifically in Banyu Urip Village (84.52%), fishing in Pangkah Kulon Village (83.23%), and Pangkah Wetan Village (83.23%).
Analysis of the most popular ketupat types in Jakarta
Authors: Kusdiana R N , Sarim  , Mulyaningrum N I , Sosrodjojo T L
Published: July 2021

Food or culinary is an identity or reflects the culture of a nation. Indonesia is famous for a variety of popular traditional foods for local tourists who are Indonesians and tourists from abroad. The Lebaran ketupat tradition has become an inseparable part of the life of Indonesian society. Although it is not known when the Kupatan tradition became the Eid tradition in Indonesia, it is a tradition that has become a culture from one generation to the next. Both rural and urban communities hold a Kupatan Eid event to mark the end of fasting and entering the next new life. This study aimed to determine the essential ingredients, spices, and processing of Ketupat food to analyze the types of ketupat popular and consumed by the people of Jakarta. This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Descriptive qualitative research describes the philosophy of the ketupat, the history and meaning of the word ketupat and the type of ketupat that is most popular and consumed by the public. This research was conducted in Jakarta because this location is one area with a community that can represent major cities in Indonesia. In qualitative research, data collection is carried out in natural settings (natural conditions in Jakarta), primary data sources, and data collection techniques are mainly participant observation, in-depth interview, documentation and combination/triangulation in the people of Jakarta. Ingredients for making Ketupat: rice, water, salt, pandan leaves and skin or ketupat shells. It turns out that there are many types of ketupat in Indonesia and the most popular types of ketupat that the people of Jakarta consume are ketupat bawang and ketupat pasar because they are easy to make. The portions are suitable as a substitute for rice.
Alternative strategies for sustaining Yogyakarta Philosophy Axis and impact on community and the environment
Authors: Agathis P , Syahbudin A , Purwanto R H
Published: July 2021

Since 2016 the Yogyakarta City Government together with the Provincial Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has continued to rearrange green open spaces in the Yogyakarta Philosophy Axis area. The Philosophy Axis, which was the result of the thoughts of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I in 1756, has been designated by the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta as a cultural heritage according to the Decree of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta number 108 / Kep / 2017. On March 14, 2017, the Philosophy Axis was submitted to UNESCO to become a World Heritage City. This study aims to formulate a strategy to preserve the Philosophy Axis through descriptive analysis. SWOT analysis is used by dividing it into two, namely IFAS and EFAS. The research data was collected qualitatively by in-depth interview. This research is focused on disclosing the problems that will occur and what will be done in the future. The results show that the strategy formulation refers to quadrant 1, with several alternative strategies suggested, such permits for construction and use of buildings on the Philosophy Axis must be reaffirmed by the Office of Investment and Licensing; instilling an awareness of protecting cultural heritage in collaboration with the Cultural Heritage Conservation Center; collaborating with the Ministry of Communication and Informatics for the promotion of the Philosophy Axis through social media; community involvement to participate in managing the Philosophy Axis bridged by the Village Community Empowerment Institution; clear and firm warnings and signs are needed in the area so that tourists and the public know that there is a threat of punishment if they do not comply with the regulations. Meanwhile, the latest policy appeared starting November 2020 in the form of testing the pedestrian path along Malioboro, so that it became an area that was not allowed for motor vehicles to pass. This resulted in the turnover of traders in the Malioboro area decreasing by 20%. However, it has a positive impact on the environment, because the number of pollutants is expected to decrease. The preservation of the Philosophy Axis is expected to be able to improve the quality of green open space and increase the number of tourists and the welfare of traders.
Spatial distribution of sea cucumber and their management effort in seagrass ecosystems in Buntal Island, Western Seram Regency
Authors: Lewerissa Y A , Uneputty Pr A , Waliulu A M S
Published: July 2021

Sea cucumbers belong in the Echinoderms and some of them have a high economic value. The demand for sea cucumber as an export commodity encourages multispecies hunting with various sizes. The objective of this research was to determine the ecological parameters and spatial distribution of sea cucumber. Sampling was conducted in Buntal Island waters from March to June 2017, using the belt transect method. The results showed that there were 12 species of sea cucumbers, of which the Holothuria atra has the highest potential value, density, and frequency of presence compared to Opheodesoma grisea from the 4 stations area. The species diversity index (H’) is in the medium category, the compatibility index (E) is in the stable community, the species dominance value (D) is low. The Morisita index value shows a uniform, random, and group distribution. The sea cucumber is found to distribute in almost all substrates i.e. sand, muddy sand, and sandy mud associated with seagrass. Three management strategies were proposed namely conservation and protection efforts, restrictions on the number and size of sea cucumber caught in a certain period, and improve the understanding and community knowledge of sustainability of the marine natural resources.
Potency and utilization of strawberry conch (Strombus luhuanus) in the rocky shore of Oma coastal waters, Central Maluku
Authors: Uneputty Pr A , Haumahu S , Lewerissa Y A
Published: July 2021

The family of Strombidae is known as tropicopolitan species which is distributed in both tropical and subtropical areas. A coastal community in Maluku including people in Oma Village is always collected to the Strombid during low tide especially for Strombus luhuanus which is found in some areas shallow waters, rocky shore, sandy, muddy, rubble, and seagrass bed. Data needed for sustainable management for the species were potency and utilization level. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to study the potency and utilization of Strombus luhuanus. The research was carried out from April to December 2018 by using the transects line method and interview. All of the individuals of the species found were counted and measured. The potency of Strombus luhuanus was estimated as many as 316,800 individuals and the size collected was 3.00-6.00 cm. Results showed that the utilization activity by coastal communities is known as “bameti” (collection of intertidal biota during low tide) and conducted by women, men, and children The utilization level was very high and has already overexploited. As a consequence, based on the size collected and the high level of utilization, the population of Strombus luhuanus would probably decrease in the future. Therefore, some management strategies are recommended to conserve the species sustainability in nature.
DNA barcoding of gastropods Terebralia semistriata (Mörch, 1852 (Potamididae: Gastropoda)
Authors: Merly S L , Saleky D
Published: July 2021

Potamididae: Gastropods are grouped as one of family belongs to class gastropods which is found very abundant in tropical intertidal areas, especially in mangrove ecosystems. Apart from being self defense (protection), the shells of Potamididae gastropods are also useful as a key species for identification. This study aims to identify Potamididae gastropods through a barcoding DNA approach using JgLCO1490 and JgHCO2198 primers. The results of identification based on morphological characters, revealed that the Potamididae gastropods analyzed were Terebralia sp. Furthermore, identification using the barcoding DNA approach, show that the Potamididae gastropods were a type of Terebralia semistriata with a 98.93% similarity rate. The length of DNA sequence amplified with the COI gene was 655 bp. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance, the DNA sequences of Terebralia semistriata from Merauke form the same clade as Terebralia semistriata from Queensland, Australia with genetic distance of 0.1%. Identification species using the DNA barcoding approach makes identification of organisms easier, faster and more accurate.
Type of capture based fisheries and its related problems faced by the fishermen in Ambon Bay
Authors: Waileruny W , Siahainenia S R , Noija D , Lainsamputty H S , Matrutty D D P
Published: July 2021

Ambon Bay is one of the centers of economic activity held by the Ambon City community and is vicinity area. The fishing sector is one of the activities found in this area. The kind of fishing activity and its related problem faced by the fishermen of this area is the content of this study. This study was aimed to investigate the kind of fishing gear operated in this area and to identify problems faced by the fishermen in conducting their activity. Data were obtained from 91 fishermen fishing in this area with various types of fishing gear and conducted through interviews and field observation. Data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Kind of fishing gears found to operate in Ambon Bay consists of gill net, hand line, beach seine, bottom longline, lift net, purse seine, and trap net. The common problem face by the fishermen is plenty of floating debris, high turbidity caused by flooding. All these problems hampering the fishing activity that leads to a decline in fish production and fishermen’s income. Another problem that occurs is the increase of fishing gear operated in the area with relatively a small fishing area apart from fish resources that already decrease compared to 15 – 20 years before. From field observation and interviews with the local fisher, it was found that fish production has declined up to 50%.
Status of small-scale tuna fisheries at Haruo Village, Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Tetelepta J M S , Ongkers O T S , Pattikawa J A , Natan Y , Marasabessy N E
Published: July 2021

The Haruo Village is one of the villages situated in Central Maluku Regency. This village is one of the most populous villages that have the livelihood of being tuna fishermen. All the fishermen from this village are considered mostly small-scale fishermen. The study was conducted between July to September 2020 to assess the sustainability of small-scale tuna fishery and proposed sustainable management strategy. Rapfish analysis was used to analyze small-scale tuna sustainability status and DPSIR to proposed a sustainable management strategy. The result showed that fair trade gave benefit in terms of ecology, socio-economy, and institutional towards the small-scale tuna fisheries compared to non-fair trade in terms of the socio-economy aspect. The sustainable status of small-scale tuna fishery, in general, was considered sustain (74.52%) for fair trade approach and less sustain (51.72%) for non-fair trade. The institutional dimension from non-fair trade tuna fishery was the lowest one (24.68%) and was considered unsustain. Based on the DPSIR approach, eight strategies management plans were proposed for sustainable management of small-scale tuna fishery in Haruo Village. The strategy can be applied at Driver (D), Pressure (P), State (S), and Impact (I) level.
Institutional economic partnership analysis of capture based fisheries for empowering the handline tuna fishermen of Ureng Village, Leihitu Sub-district, Indonesia.
Authors: Leiwakabessy A , Lopulalan Y
Published: July 2021

A substantial amount of capital is needed in the development of of the fishing business. An attempt has been made by the local government to overcome this problem faced by handline tuna fisher of Ureng Village by providing the credit facility. The problem arises from limited access to small-scale fisher to obtain credit and high-interest rates. The presence of PT Ureng Nusatelu that established a partnership with fishermen from Leihitu Sub-district, in particular with tuna handline fisher from Ureng Village, is expected as a solution to empowering the fishermen. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism and the implementation of institutional partnership, identify the type and strategy of that institution, and assess the performance of the partnership developed in an attempt to empower the handline tuna fisher. This research is expected to contribute to the related fishery agency in developing and empowering handline tuna fisheries. The study lasted for four months from June to September 2019 at Ureng Village, the Sub-District Leihitu. Sampling was collected purposively where data obtained were analyzed with partnership concept analysis, partnership implementation analysis, and partnership performance analysis. The result shows that the partnership developed between PT Ureng Nusatelu with tuna handline fisher of Ureng Village has not been running well. This is mainly due to the socialization of the partnership concept that was not fully accepted by the fishermen and discontinuous monitoring of the program. Performance partnership between PT Ureng Nusatelu and tuna handline fisher measured based on the income was still low, while the transactional cost is very high. At the same time, the performance indicator valued by a partnership group was considered poor, and the participation and perception of partnership members were still low.
The effectiveness of Indonesia’s fisheries policy to reduce illegal fishing
Authors: Djunarsjah E , Kusumadewi D , Chairuniza G
Published: July 2021

The sea has economic potential such as marine tourism, energy, maritime industry, marine transportation, marine building and services, and fisheries. Indonesia has fishery resources with high biodiversity and easily accessible (renewable resources). Indonesia’s fishery production reached approximately 12.6 million tonnes, of which marine catch accounted for about 6.71 million tonnes, inland capture for 0.51 million tonnes and the rest is in aquacultures. In addition, Indonesia is facing the problem of illegal fishing by foreign fishing vessels from Thailand, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan and Cambodia. Foreign fishing vessels conducting illegal fishing are not only found in the EEZ, but also in territorial and archipelagic waters. Based on the findings of this study, the illegal fishing policy has a positive impact by reducing illegal fishing activities in the short term and increasing fisheries stocks. However, negative impacts were also found, the national fisheries business has decreased by number, especially local fishermen business, so that fishermen are unable to optimize their capture fisheries activities. Some local fishermen benefit economically from illegal fishing, this is what causes illegal fishing activities to continue. The policies that have been implemented have not been optimal in ensuring that fishermen are more prosperous. A sovereign state not only owns the territory and defends it from foreign disturbances, but must realize the welfare of its people, including fishermen. The purpose of this research is to see the effectiveness of fisheries policies in Indonesia to tackle illegal fisheries and improve fishermen’s welfare. This research uses regulation analysis and Actor Network Theory to analyze the effectiveness of fishery policies
Coastal zone management of Passo Village of Ambon Municipal, Indonesia
Authors: Retraubun A S W , Selanno D A J , Siahainenia L , Tubalawony S , Chr Tuhumury N , Sandhy D A
Published: July 2021

The increasing population number in Ambon City and the fulfillment of their needs drive an increase in environmental degradation. Spatial mismanagement of the Ambon municipal area is one of the causes behind environmental degradation. The objective of this study is to analyze the structure and utilization pattern of the coastal zone of Passo Village and propose an appropriate coastal zone management strategy for Passo Village of Ambon City. The study was conducted between August to October 2020 at the Village of Passo. Data on spatial structure and pattern was gathered through direct observation, interviews, and a close questionnaire distributed to respondents. Secondary data were obtained through a literature review related to the research topic. Spatial structure and pattern utilization data were collected through observation within the spatial coastal zone. The data were then analyzed with ArcGis 10.3 software. Map of spatial structure and pattern of Passo Village obtained was then compared to a basic map, Spatial Detail Plan of Passo, and Ambon Regional Spatial Plan document. Strategic management analysis was done through the SWOT method. The result shows that the spatial structure of Passo Village consists of infrastructure (125.54 ha), transportation and communication lines (1.27 ha). The settlement area coverage of Passo Village occupies about 91.5% of the total spatial structure. The spatial pattern of Passo Village consists of a protected area (85.53 ha) and a cultivation area (165.90 ha). Based on SWOT analysis, seven management strategies were proposed for Passo Village spatial coastal management.
Investigation on different approaches for detecting polymer content in styrene-butadiene-styrene modified asphalt
Authors: Xu Song , Huang Jinming , Que Yun , Ke Yunbin , Fan Yong , Zhang Canlin , Feng Zhengang
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates three approaches for detecting the content of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) in its modified asphalt. The physical, rheological, and structural analysis are respectively conducted by the conventional tests, dynamic shear rheology, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests. The results show that the fitting coefficient of the quadratic equation between the SBS content and viscosity or softening point or phase angle is very high, but these tests are time-consuming. The absorption peak at 966 cm-1 (the absorption peak area of 966 cm-1 is marked as A966, the same below) is selected as the characteristic peak of SBS, and the absorption peaks of 1377 cm-1, 811 cm-1 and 749 cm-1 are selected as the characteristic peak of the base asphalt in SBS modified asphalt. Comparing the applicability, accuracy and sensitivity of A966/A1377, A966/A811, and A966/A749, it is found that A966/A811 is more suitable as the indicator to determine the content of SBS. FTIR can realize the rapid and accurate detection of SBS content. Furthermore, A966/A811 has a good quadratic relationship with the performance of the modified asphalt.
William Oldroyd’sLady Macbeth, Shakespeare, and Adaptation Studies
Authors: Semenza Greg M Colón
Published: July 2021

The title of Oldroyd’s taut thriller, Lady Macbeth (2016), invites audiences to approach the film intertextually. For a small number of viewers familiar with Nikolai Leskov’s 1865 novella Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk, from which the film draws its main inspiration, Shakespeare’s more well-known character will recede into a position of secondary importance. For the majority of viewers, however, a more direct relationship with Shakespeare will be assumed: is Oldroyd’s film an adaptation of the 1606 play? Is it an appropriation of the play’s famous character? Although such questions about an artwork’s relationship to previous texts can seem largely academic, in the case of Oldroyd’s film, they might reasonably be said to be inevitable and, therefore, potentially central to the work’s meaning. Adaptation scholars often struggle to classify such cases—since the line between what we call adaptations and what we call appropriations remains somewhat blurry. The essay uses Oldroyd’s Lady Macbeth as a practical tool for working through what is at stake in these ‘academic’ or ‘semantic’ debates about the frustrating varieties of textual adaptation. The larger intertextual history of Lady Macbeth illustrates the manner in which our critical debates about adaptation tend to reflect, and inform, our deepest desires for and anxieties about progress—or perhaps, more accurately, the apparent lack of such progress—from one historical moment to the next. In doing so, such debates almost mimic the trajectory and functions of adaptations themselves, helping us to understand better why definitions of adaptation must remain elastic and manifold.
The thickening and modification of the galactan-enriched layer during primary phloem fibre development in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Kim Eun-Soo , Choi Wonkyun , Park Sang-Hyuck
Published: July 2021

Primary phloem fibres (PPFs) have higher fibre quality and are economically more important for the textile sector than secondary phloem fibres. Both the chemical composition and mechanical structure of the secondary cell wall mainly influence the quality of bast fibres. We investigated the thickening of the galactan-enriched (Gn) layer and its modification process into a gelatinous (G)-layer, which is the largest portion of the secondary cell wall, during the development of the PPF in Cannabis sativa. Stem segments of hemp collected at 17, 29, 52 and 62 days after sowing were comparatively examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The initial cells of PPF started the proliferation and differentiation at 17 days, but the secondary cell wall thickening had already commenced before the 29 days. Both the G- and Gn-layer were rapidly added onto the S-layer of PPFs; thus, the secondary cell wall thickness increased approximately 2-fold at 52 days (from the 29-day mark), and 8-fold at 62 days. The cortical microtubule arrays appeared adjacent to the plasma membrane of PPF cells related to the cellulose synthesis. Additionally, cross-sectioned microfibrils were observed on Gn-layer as the cluster of tiny spots. At 62 days, the specific stratification structure consisting of several lamellae occurred on the G-layer of the secondary cell wall. The secondary cell wall thickened remarkably at 52 days through 62 days so that the mature secondary cell wall consisted of three distinctive layers, the S-, G- and Gn-layer. Cortical microtubule arrays frequently appeared adjacent to the plasma membrane together with cellulose microfibrils on secondary cell wall. The G-layer of PPF at 62 days exhibited the characteristic stratification structure, which demonstrates the modification of the Gn-layer into the G-layer.
Hymen Restoration: An Experience From a Moroccan Center
Authors: Lahlali Abdelilah , Sawan Dana , SidAhmed-Mezi Mounia , Meningaud Jean-Paul , Hersant Barbara
Published: July 2021

Background

Hymenoplasty is one of the least described vulvovaginal procedures in plastic surgery without any surgical standard that attempts to restore the hymen’s ability to bleed during sexual intercourse on a couple’s wedding night.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to report outcomes from a Moroccan retrospective study of a series of 529 patients who underwent either a hymenorrhaphy or a hymenoplasty.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 529 patients who underwent hymen restoration at a center in Morocco between April 2010 and April 2019. The data were collected according to the requirements of the center through preoperative and postoperative consultations and in-person or phone post-coital interviews. The procedure consisted of suturing the edges of the hymen remnants with Vicryl 5-0, leaving a small opening in the newly reconstructed hymen. Two techniques—hymenal flap hymenoplasty and vaginal flap hymenoplasty—were employed depending on the presence or absence of hymen remnants.

Results

A total of 529 patients underwent hymen restoration, including 42% hymenorrhaphies, 58% hymenoplasties, 39% hymenal flap hymenoplasty, and 19% vaginal flap hymenoplasty. The mean age of the patients was 32 years. Of the 227 women who underwent a hymenorrhaphy, no failure was reported, and all the patients who had sexual intercourse within 15 days of the procedure experienced vaginal bleeding. Of the 99 hymenoplasties employing vaginal flaps, only 1 failure was reported.

Conclusions

The techniques utilized in our cohort are safe and the complications are minor with general satisfaction of patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Sixty years of forensic seismology at AWE Blacknest
Authors: Green David , Heyburn Ross , Keeble Jessica , Nippress Alexandra , Nippress Stuart , Peacock Sheila , Young John
Published: July 2021

David Green, Ross Heyburn, Jessica Keeble, Alexandra Nippress, Stuart Nippress, Sheila Peacock and John Young review the history of the UK's seismological monitoring of underground nuclear testing