bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated-Cherenkov radiation and signatures of radiation reaction
Authors: Lynch Morgan H , Cohen Eliahu , Hadad Yaron , Kaminer Ido
Published: August 2019

In this manuscript we examine an accelerated charged particle moving through an optical medium, and explore the emission of accelerated-Cherenkov radiation. The particle’s reaction to acceleration creates a low-frequency spectral cutoff in the Cherenkov emission that has a sharp resonance at the superluminal threshold. Moreover, the effect of recoil on the radiation is incorporated kinematically through the use of an Unruh-DeWitt detector by setting an energy gap, i.e. the change in electron energy, to the recoil energy of the emitted photon. The simultaneous presence of recoil and acceleration conspire to produce a localized resonance peak in the emission. These theoretical considerations could be used to construct high precision tests of radiation reaction using Cherenkov emission under acceleration.
Transforming ranging behaviour of Schlegel’s Banded Langur (Presbytis neglectus) into PrimaTourism product
Authors: Abdul-Latiff M A B , Najmuddin M F , Haneef S. K. , Nabil A. , Shahrool-Anuar R , Md-Zain B M
Published: August 2019

Schlegel’s Banded Langur (Presbytis neglectus) are understudied species of leaf-monkey which are distributed in Johor, Malaysia and Singapore. The alternative conservation measures that we propose is highlighting this species as nature tourism product to ensure the sustainability of this highly fragmented species. PrimaTourism is a term referring to primate-based tourism has served the conservation of primate in various country and species worldwide. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the ranging behaviour of Schlegel’s Banded Langur and evaluate its potential for PrimaTourism programme. Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi has been identified as the study site to pursue this endeavor, in which two groups of P. neglectus, group 1 called “Dara” consists of 4 adults and group 2 called “Puteh” consists of 12 individuals of adults, sub-adults and juveniles are targeted for focal observation. Five checkpoints have been successfully identified throughout 2637 minutes of observation with group 1 spent the longest time in Check Point B for 707 minutes and group 2 spent the longest time in the Check Point A for 420 minutes. Checkpoint A was the most frequented by P. neglectus clocking total time for both groups at 1015 minutes. The results indicate reliable sighting in checkpoint A and B for possible PrimaTourism product development. Good sighting, safe distance from the primate, endemism, rarity, attractive behaviour and morphology fulfil the criteria of nature tourism product for the species in Kampung Johor Lama.
PrimaTourism: Preliminary study on activity budget of Presbytis neglectus with insights on local people perception on the product’s potential economic value in Johor
Authors: Abdul-Latiff M A B , Najmuddin M F , Haneef S. K. , Nabil A. , Shahrool-Anuar R , Md-Zain B M
Published: August 2019

The newly classified Schlegel’s Banded Langur, P. neglectus in Malaysia are one of the most understudied primates in Malaysia. Unknown population status and distribution coupled with highly fragmented population recorded in Malaysia demands immediate need to study the fundamental aspects of the species such as daily activity budget. PrimaTourism are also suggested as a viable sustainable conservation measures for this highly threatened species. Thus, the objectives of this study are to identify the daily activity budget of P. neglectus in Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor, and also identify the potential of primate-based tourism in Kampung Johor Lama. Scan sampling was employed to record activity budget of P. neglectus. A total of 16 individuals of P. neglectus were observed in Kampung Johor Lama. A total of 8400 minutes of observation time was obtained. On average, P. neglectus spent most of their time resting (36.85%), moving (35.65%) and feeding (21.79%)The potential of PrimaTourism were assessed based on questionnaire distributed among local people in Kampung Johor Lama. Local people expressed their willingness to be involve in PrimaTourism activities and believe that this will serve as their alternative source of income and also sustainable well-being of the species in the area.
Effect of light intensity on the gas exchange characteristics and total pigment content of Psidium guajava
Authors: Idris A , Linatoc A C , Bin Abu Bakar M F , Takai Z I
Published: August 2019

The gas exchange characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of a plant can be affected by the amount of light received by the plant. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of light intensity on the gas exchange characteristics and total pigment content TPC of sun and shade leaves of Psidium guajava. Sun and shade leaves were studied, and their photosynthetic light response characteristics including light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP) and apparent quantum yield were estimated. Carotenoids (Car) and chlorophyll (Chl) contents were quantified spectrophotometrically, while total anthocyanin content (TAC) was determined using the pH differential method. The result of this study shows that high light intensity influence gas exchange, carotenoid content and total anthocyanin content while low light intensity influence chlorophyll content especially chlorophyll b of the studied plant. As the light intensity increases, Amax, light saturation point and light compensation point increases. There are significant differences between the photosynthetic light response characteristics and total pigment content of sun and shade leaves (P<0.05). The result leads to a conclusion that sun leaves of Psidium guajava contribute the greatest photosynthetic capacity to the plant than shade leaves. The high carotenoid and total anthocyanin contents of sun leaves provides photo protection to the plant.
Biodiversity across boundary: Ethnoentomology among the Jakun of Kampung Peta, Mersing and the Malay, Chinese and Indian of Kahang, Kluang, Johor
Authors: Kemalok Jai , Mohamed Maryati , Rahman Aqilah AA , Ashikin Ismail Nurul
Published: August 2019

An ethnoentomological survey was carried out on the usage of insects in the culture of several ethnics: Orang Asli Jakun in Kampung. Peta, Mersing; the Malay, Chinese and Indian in Kahang, Kluang. Responses from these four communities were compared to understand the uses of insects in their life as well as gauged their views on ethnoentomology. Insects were either part of their spiritual beliefs or used as food, medicine, and entertainment. Four groups of insects were considered, namely Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Odonata and Orthoptera. For example, Dundubia vaginata is used by Orang Asli as a source of food, by Malay as entertainment, by Chinese as medicine and by Indian as part of their beliefs. In terms of percentage of insect recognized per ethnicity, Orang Asli accounts for 44.44%, Malay 22.22%, Chinese 16.67% and Indian 16.67%. It was discovered that among the four communities, Orang Asli Jakun were more knowledgeable and open about using insects traditionally. Many insects were integrated in their folklore and myths. Orang Asli Jakun also had more variety of uses for insects in their day to day life compared to the other three communities. Based on this study, it indicated that much of the Malaysian diversity are known and familiar to Orang Asli. Throughout history, Orang Asli plays important roles in maintaining and managing natural resources through traditional systems. The frequency of human interaction with insects has created a close culture between humans and insects.
Determination of xanthine oxidase inhibition in stingless bee honey from different botanical origin
Authors: Majid Mahani , Fadzelly Abu Bakar Mohd , Mian Zakbah
Published: August 2019

Malaysian stingless bee honey or locally known as kelulut honey is a natural substance that have been widely explored for their great nutritional and therapeutic values. Modern beekeeping practices in different botanical areas have produced different types of honey that has influence on their physical and chemical composition as well as their biological activity. The main objective of this research is to investigate in vitro xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme inhibition of honey produced by Heterotrigona itama species obtained from different botanical origins; (acacia, coconut, mangrove, starfruit, multifruits and multiflowers). In addition, the phytochemical composition was analyzed using spectrophotometric. The result revealed that honey from mangrove area displayed highest phytochemical composition (phenolic and flavonoid) with the value of 34.23 mg GAE/100g and 31.02 mg RE/100g of honey, respectively. The XO inhibitory activity (IC50 values) of all tested honeys were ranging from 30 to 185 mg/ml. As a conclusion, kelulut honey exhibited good potentials towards the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activities and also suggest a practical value for surveying natural inhibitors for clinical purpose.
Diversity and behaviour of mudskippers of Tanjung Piai, Pontian, Johor
Authors: Hui Ng Yin , Mohamed Maryati , Ammin Othman Mohamad Nouril , Tokiman Lili
Published: August 2019

This paper describes an effort to study the diversity and behaviour of mudskippers occurring in the RAMSAR site Tanjung Piai, Pontian, Johor. Ten species from four genera of mudskippers were reported here. They are all members of the family Gobiidae and subfamily Oxudercinae. The most species rich genus wasPeriophthalmus(five species) followed byBaleophthalmusandOxuderces(two species each). The fourth genusPeriophthalmodonwas represented by one species. Indication is that Malaysia may harbour 19 species representing 12 genera. The giant mudskipper,Periophthalmodon schlosseriwas found at all level and stages of the intertidal zones. Being the largest in size of approximately 20cm,Periophthalmodon schloseriialso shows interesting courting and mating behaviour and tree climbing.Baleophthalmus boddartiandScartelaos histophorusare two other common species. This paper illustrates the different species at Tanjung Piai with photographs and endeavours to make notes of their peculiar behaviour. The paper discusses the diversity of the species comparing its occurrence, distribution and abundance. Special notes are made on the importance of this fish group; including discussion on its potential to be developed, promoted and marketed as a new tourism product especially of the mangrove ecosystem.
Taking the edge off host communities’ dependence on protected areas in Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyi O E , Akinsorotan O A , Zakaria M , Martins C O , Adebola S I , Oyelowo O J
Published: August 2019

This paper summarises the current state of knowledge on the landscape of protected areas in Nigeria and elucidates on the status, drivers, effects and solutions to host communities’ dependence on the protected areas towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 15.9 and Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in Nigeria. The present land coverage (15.15%) of Nigeria’s protected areas is highly degraded and far away from the target 4 of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016 – 2020). This is connected to the fact that protected areas constitute the largest food base for host communities’ survival in Nigeria. Even, despite the rural-urban drift in search of a white-collar job, a larger percentage of Nigeria’s populations are still situated in the rural areas. The participation of the local communities in biodiversity conservation, their wellbeing, culture and livelihood have always been a subject of interest to the stakeholders (local communities, park management, and conservationist) in protected area management due to the role in the sustainability of forest resources. However, three drivers of host communities’ dependence on protected areas in Nigeria were identified – socio-cultural, economic and institutional drivers. The option of human displacement from the protected areas had not yielded any positive result over the years. In conclusion, buffer zone policies have to be formulated and inculcated by affected protected areas authorities into their management framework. Also, adoption of community-based participatory forest management, initiation of forest enrichment programmes in degraded protected areas and harvesting of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) should be encouraged to play diverse contributory roles in the improvement of rural livelihoods.
Exploring drivers’ interaction influencing the adoption of sustainable coffee production system through a qualitative system dynamics modelling, case study : smallholder coffee plantation in Pangalengan, Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Malik A D , Parikesit  , Withaningsih S
Published: August 2019

As one of complex socio-ecological systems, a coffee production system comprises dynamic interactions between social, economic, and ecological factors. This type of production system which is managed by smallhoder farmers not only provides economic gain, but also social equity and may has a potential to influence environmental quality. A study focused on identifying dynamics interaction between emerged drivers (economics, social quality, environmental quality, technology) and analyzing the polarity dominance of feedback process in order to find the most influental drivers in the adoption of sustainable production system has been carried out in smallholder coffee plantation in Pangalengan, Bandung, Indonesia. Within this approach, a qualitative system dynamics modelling namely causal loop diagram (CLD) were used as a system visualization tool. These analyses resulted insight into the behaviour that may cause a potentially grown or destructive (reinforcing loops), or conversely a stabilizing (balancing loop) behaviour. A polarity loop analysis found that each main driver may has a potential to influence the system to be grown or deteriorated due to its reinforcing loop dominance. The reinforcing feedbacks would tend to escalate the process and result in a sustainable state of the system. However, conversely this behaviour also would tend to declince the feedback process and result in an unsustainable state of the system. It indicates that instability of the process are most likely existed in the system. The most influental driver in this behaviour would be social quality, regarding its highest loop polarity differences. A management and intervention strategies are needed to prevent deterioration of the system, particularly with involving the social quality driver.
Characteristics of pigment extract of green seaweed (Ulva lactuca Linn) encapsulated by electrospun poly(vinyl)alcohol nanofiber
Authors: Merdekawati W. , Susanto A.B. , Raharjo T.J. , Triyana K. , Moeljopawiro S.
Published: August 2019

Seaweed shows high potential applications in particularly related to its pigment compounds. In this study, the pigment extract from green seaweed ( Ulva lactuca Linn) were formulated in nanofiber composite with poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA). PVA was chosen as a polymer matrix. The extract with the concentration of 750 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1250 ppm in 1 mL of total volume, were incorporated with 10% PVA by blending and dipping methods. The morphology and diameter of nanofiber mats were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the characteristic of functional groups of nanofiber mats were analyzed by fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectrophotometry. As the result, the prepared nanofibers were found to be uniform, non-beaded and non-woven with branched fiber morphology. The diameter of nanofiber which is prepared by blending method was ranging from 200-350 nm while by dipping method was ranging from 350 – 500 nm. Analysis of the functional group by FTIR found there is dominancy of a functional group of PVA in nanofiber mats. Loading seaweed pigment into nanofiber mats creating a novel material which can be used for biomedical application.
Bioconversions of cheese-making wastes to bioethanol and their link to sustainability
Authors: Utama G L , Januaramadhan I , Dinika I , Balia R L
Published: August 2019

Most of the cheese producers in Indonesia still dispose cheese-making wastes directly to the ground and water bodies and tend to cause environmental problems. The utilization of cheese-making wastes on bioconversions into bioethanol aimed to generate social economic and environmental benefits. Bioconversion of cheese-making wastes into bioethanol can be role as an alternative in wastes utilization through waste to product approach. The consideration of the three pillars such as social, economic and environmental benefit holistically and comprehensively can be implemented in solving environmental problems caused by the disposal of cheese-making wastes and in creating sustainability. Cheese-making wastes utilization to bioethanol has been done in KPBS (The Dairy Farmer Cooperatives of South Bandung). The environmental impacts determined by measuring BOD, COD and potential CO2 emission reduction. Questionnaires used to obtained community perception of three pillars plus community knowledge about cheese-making wastes bioconversions are taken to the selected respondents around KPBS by cluster random sampling with the cluster of KPBS Employee, KPBS member and affected communities. Results showed that BOD are decreased to 1920 ppm, the potential emissions of CO2 are reduced to 13.65% (422,219.67 kg CO2eq/year) and utilization of distillery wastes as organic fertilizer could reduce potential CO2 emissions of 62.42% (305,226.0 kgCO2eq/year), that resulting positives community perception towards the environmental, social and economic impacts that lead to sustainability, however lack of knowledge are still need to be improved as complement for the sustainability.
Biodegradation of phenol, anthracene and acenaphthene singly and consortium culture of indigenous microorganism isolates from underground coal gasification area
Authors: Safitri R , Handayani S , Surono W , Astika H , Damayanti R , Kusmaya F D , Rukiah  , Balia R L
Published: August 2019

The gasification of Coal has a potential for long term energy supply in the future by conversion of non-mineable coal seams to syngas for various industrial applications. However, recalcitrant aromatic compounds such as phenol, anthracene, and acenaphthene from UGC are potential to contaminate groundwater, soil and the broader environment. Therefore, the polluted environment required bioremediation. The purpose of this study was to determine the capability of Bacillus velezensis and Stenotropromonas maltophilia isolated from the area of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) on biodegradation of phenol, anthracene, and acenaphthene in the single and mixed cultures. The degradation of pollutants in the concentration range of 250-500 ppm evaluated by measuring of the ability of bacteria to grow in single component supplemented mineral salt media, screening tests for hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and biodegradation ability by gravimetric analysis method. The results showed biodegradability of phenol, anthracene, and acenaphthene at concentration 500 ppm after 14 days by S. maltophilia were 60,2%, 80,4%, and 82,5%. B. velezensis showed 79% of biodegradability of phenol, anthracene 79,8%, and acenaphthene 81,1%. The consortium of both isolates has the highest percentage of phenol, anthracene, and acenapthene biodegradation 83,4 %, 83, 53 % and 83,47 % respectively.
Analysis of the application of domestic waste treatment hybrid method – A Case Study at Bidara Cina
Authors: Soesilo T E B , Zahra S A
Published: August 2019

The increasing population leads to the increasing waste that will be generated. There have been many researchers who were conducting research on models to proceed domestic waste. However, it was still a small number of analysis carried out to know an advantage from a method and analysis in application in general if a method applied in an area. This research aims to analyze the method of domestic waste treatment hybrid model. This research uses the SWOT – ANP method. The data obtained through field surveys, interviewing residents of a community steeped in opinion, environmental science, analysis of commuters will then be shown in the form of a SWOT chart. The contribution of the researcher is to provide risk analysis on domestic waste processing method with hybrid method applying in the region of Bidara China. The results of this research is that hybrid model (on waste-off waste system) is safe for applying and refers to the number of six (6) of SDG’s about clean water and sanitation to ensure domestic waste water management and sanitation sustainable.
Floquet analysis of excitations in materials
Authors: Giovannini Umberto De , Hübener Hannes
Published: August 2019

Controlled excitation of materials can transiently induce changed or novel properties with many fundamental and technological implications. Especially, the concept of Floquet engineering and the manipulation of the electronic structure via dressing with external lasers have attracted some recent interest. Here we review the progress made in defining Floquet material properties and give a special focus on their signatures in experimental observables as well as considering recent experiments realizing Floquet phases in solid state materials. We discuss how a wide range of experiments with non-equilibrium electronic structure can be viewed by employing Floquet theory as an analysis tool providing a different view of excitations in solids.
Arts-Based Methodology for Knowledge Co-Production in Social Work
Authors: Segal-Engelchin Dorit , Huss Ephrat , Massry Najlaa
Published: August 2019

In this article, we aim to describe and demonstrate the use of a methodology for using arts-based techniques to co-produce knowledge with community members, thus making it accessible at both the theoretical and practice levels for social workers and social work educators. In this methodology, the arts are used not as a diagnostic tool or as fine art, but rather as a trigger for a reflective and socially critical dialogue with community members, with the aim of understanding how they experience their life situation. The proposed methodology includes three central compositional elements of art analyses: the inter-relationship between figure and background within a composition, the recourses and obstacles included in the picture background and the use of symbols and metaphors. The present manuscript illustrates this innovative analytical prism, providing examples of images and explanatory narratives of engaged and married young Muslim women in Israel, as self-defined by the participants rather than as an external anthropology. We further outline the implications of this methodology for other cases.
An Observational Pilot Study Evaluating the Utility of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling to Determine the Cause of Stillbirths in South African Women
Authors: Madhi Shabir A , Pathirana Jayani , Baillie Vicky , Cutland Clare , Adam Yasmin , Izu Alane , Bassat Quique , Blau Dianna M , Breiman Robert F , Hale Martin , Johnstone Siobhan , Martines Roosecelis B , Mathunjwa Azwifarwi , Nzenze Susan , Ordi Jaume , Raghunathan Pratima L , Ritter Jana M , Solomon Fatima , Wadula Jeannette , Zaki Sherif R , Chawana Richard
Published: August 2019

Background

Despite approximately 2.6 million stillbirths occurring annually, there is a paucity of systematic biological investigation and consequently knowledge on the causes of these deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated the utility of minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), placental examination, and clinical history, in attributing the causes of stillbirth in a South African LMIC setting.

Methods

This prospective, observational pilot study undertook sampling of brain, lung, and liver tissue using core biopsy needles, blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection, and placental examination. Testing included microbial culture and/or molecular testing and tissue histological examination. The cause of death was determined for each case by an international panel of medical specialists and categorized using the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision application to perinatal deaths.

Results

A cause of stillbirth was identifiable for 117 of 129 (90.7%) stillbirths, including an underlying maternal cause in 63.4% (n = 83) and an immediate fetal cause in 79.1% (n = 102) of cases. The leading underlying causes of stillbirth were maternal hypertensive disorders (16.3%), placental separation and hemorrhage (14.0%), and chorioamnionitis (10.9%). The leading immediate causes of fetal death were antepartum hypoxia (35.7%) and fetal infection (37.2%), including due to Escherichia coli (16.3%), Enterococcus species (3.9%), and group B Streptococcus (3.1%).

Conclusions

In this pilot, proof-of-concept study, focused investigation of stillbirth provided granular detail on the causes thereof in an LMIC setting, including provisionally highlighting the largely underrecognized role of fetal sepsis as a dominant cause.
Analysis of metabolite profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains suitable for butanol production
Authors: Azambuja Suéllen P H , Teixeira Gleidson S , Andrietta Maria G S , Torres-Mayanga Paulo C , Forster-Carneiro Tânia , Rosa Carlos A , Goldbeck Rosana
Published: August 2019

Butanol has advantages over ethanol as a biofuel. Although butanol is naturally produced by some Clostridium species, clostridial fermentation has inherent characteristics that prevent its industrial application. Butanol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains may be a solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of wild-type and industrial Brazilian strains of S. cerevisiae to produce n-butanol using glycine as co-substrate and evaluate the relationship between the production of this alcohol and other metabolites in fermented broth. Of the 48 strains analyzed, 25 were able to produce n-butanol in a glycine-containing medium. Strains exhibited different profiles of n-butanol, isobutanol, ethanol, glycerol and acetic acid production. Some wild-type strains showed substantial n-butanol production capability, for instance UFMG-CM-Y267, which produced about 12.7 mg/L of butanol. Although this concentration is low, it demonstrates that wild-type S. cerevisiae can synthesize butanol, suggesting that selection and genetic modification of this microorganism could yield promising results. The findings presented here may prove useful for future studies aimed at optimizing S. cerevisiae strains for butanol production.
Genetic association between mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms and viral hepatitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Qie Chunhua , Liu Yamin , Ma Ping , Wu Hongzhang
Published: August 2019

Some previous genetic association studies have tried to investigate potential associations between mannose-binding lectin (MBL) polymorphisms and viral hepatitis. However, the results of those studies were not consistent. Therefore, we performed the current meta-analysis to explore associations between MBL polymorphisms and viral hepatitis in a large pooled population. A systematic literature research of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI was performed to identify eligible studies for pooled analyses. We used Review Manager version 5.3.3 to conduct statistical analyses. In total, 27 studies were included for analysis (4840 cases and 5729 controls). The pooled analyses showed that MBL promoter (-211C/G, dominant model: P = 0.0002, I2 = 40%; over-dominant model: P = 0.0001, I2 = 22%) and exon 1 (codon 52, 54 and 57, dominant model: P = 0.04, I2 = 49%; allele model: P = 0.01, I2 = 48%) polymorphisms were both significantly associated with viral hepatitis in the overall population. Further subgroup analyses revealed similarly significant findings for MBL promoter polymorphism in HBV and HCV, but no positive results were detected in subgroup analyses for MBL exon 1 polymorphism. These results suggested that MBL promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms could be used to identify individuals at higher susceptibility to HBV and HCV.
SeQuiLa-cov: A fast and scalable library for depth of coverage calculations
Authors: Wiewiórka Marek , Szmurło Agnieszka , Kuśmirek Wiktor , Gambin Tomasz
Published: August 2019

Background

Depth of coverage calculation is an important and computationally intensive preprocessing step in a variety of next-generation sequencing pipelines, including the analysis of RNA-sequencing data, detection of copy number variants, or quality control procedures.

Results

Building upon big data technologies, we have developed SeQuiLa-cov, an extension to the recently released SeQuiLa platform, which provides efficient depth of coverage calculations, reaching >100× speedup over the state-of-the-art tools. The performance and scalability of our solution allow for exome and genome-wide calculations running locally or on a cluster while hiding the complexity of the distributed computing with Structured Query Language Application Programming Interface.

Conclusions

SeQuiLa-cov provides significant performance gain in depth of coverage calculations streamlining the widely used bioinformatic processing pipelines.
The Reception by Domestic Courts of the Res Interpretata Effect of Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Giannopoulos Christos
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on two subjects: the attitude of national courts towards the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and their role in the achievement of effective domestic implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The first topic outlines a typology of the positions adopted, which is proposed in order to underline the national strategies regarding the reception of the res interpretata effect of the Court’s judgments. The second provides a critical analysis of the mirror metaphor, which is proposed to resolve some unproven and untested assumptions that domestic courts act as puppets and cannot go beyond Convention standards without violating the Court’s authentic interpretations. In both cases, examples are given of domestic courts’ practices in order to clarify that the judicial interaction between domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights is not always harmonious.
Regional variation in directed swimming by Atlantic salmon smolts leaving Scottish waters for their oceanic feeding grounds—a modelling study
Authors: Ounsley James P , Gallego Alejandro , Morris David J , Armstrong John D
Published: August 2019

An understanding of the migratory trajectories and behaviours of Atlantic salmon post-smolts during the early marine phase of their life cycle is needed for effective conservation and marine planning. A simulation study of post-smolt migration from Scottish shores was carried out, combining a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of the Scottish continental shelf with a Lagrangian particle tracking model. Various different notional swimming behavioural scenarios were simulated, including current-orientated and compass-directed movement across a range of swimming speeds. Current-following behaviours did not facilitate migration towards feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. In addition, modelled trajectories resulting from directed-swimming behaviours imply that populations around Scotland need to adopt different locally adapted migratory strategies to successfully reach their feeding grounds.
‘Potayto, potahto’: Rustic Twist’s potato product infringes Simplot’s Community design
Authors: Foscolos Eleni
Published: August 2019

President of the District Court of The Hague of 12 September 2017 (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2017:10353) and Court of Appeal of The Hague of 21 May 2019 (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2019:1323) - J.R. Simplot Company v McCain Foods Holland B.V. and McCain Foods Europe B.V.

The Court of Appeal of The Hague upheld the decision at first instance in preliminary injunction proceedings, confirming that McCain’s ‘Rustic Twist’ French fry potato product infringed Simplot’s Community design and tackling interesting questions regarding the validity assessment of Registered Community Designs.
Giant cold satellites from low-concentration haloes
Authors: Amorisco Nicola C
Published: August 2019

The dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way Crater II and Antlia II have uncommonly low dynamical mass densities, due to their large size and low velocity dispersion. Previous work have found it difficult to identify formation scenarios within the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) framework and have invoked cored dark matter haloes, processed by tides. I show that the tidal evolution of ΛCDM NFW haloes is richer than previously recognized. In haloes that fall short of the mass–concentration relation, tidal heating causes the innermost regions to expand significantly, resulting in the formation of giant, kinematically cold satellites like Crater II and Antlia II. While these satellites are reaching apocentre, extra-tidal material can cause an even more inflated appearance. If originally underconcentrated, Crater II and Antlia II may well have experienced very little mass loss, as in fact hinted by their observed metallicity. On a cosmological scale, satellites with low dynamical mass densities are not a rare occurrence, but were more frequent in the past. If indeed a satellite of NGC 1052, the same mechanism may similarly have led to the formation of NGC 1052-DF2.
A transient reporter for editing enrichment (TREE) in human cells
Authors: Standage-Beier Kylie , Tekel Stefan J , Brookhouser Nicholas , Schwarz Grace , Nguyen Toan , Wang Xiao , Brafman David A
Published: August 2019

Current approaches to identify cell populations that have been modified with deaminase base editing technologies are inefficient and rely on downstream sequencing techniques. In this study, we utilized a blue fluorescent protein (BFP) that converts to green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon a C-to-T substitution as an assay to report directly on base editing activity within a cell. Using this assay, we optimize various base editing transfection parameters and delivery strategies. Moreover, we utilize this assay in conjunction with flow cytometry to develop a transient reporter for editing enrichment (TREE) to efficiently purify base-edited cell populations. Compared to conventional cell enrichment strategies that employ reporters of transfection (RoT), TREE significantly improved the editing efficiency at multiple independent loci, with efficiencies approaching 80%. We also employed the BFP-to-GFP conversion assay to optimize base editor vector design in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), a cell type that is resistant to genome editing and in which modification via base editors has not been previously reported. At last, using these optimized vectors in the context of TREE allowed for the highly efficient editing of hPSCs. We envision TREE as a readily adoptable method to facilitate base editing applications in synthetic biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2IIIB from Soybean in Illinois, Ohio, and Ontario
Authors: Ajayi-Oyetunde Olutoyosi O. , Everhart Sydney E. , Brown Patrick J. , Tenuta Albert U. , Dorrance Anne E. , Bradley Carl A.
Published: August 2019

Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2IIIB is an important seedling pathogen of soybean in North America and other soybean-growing regions around the world. There is no information regarding the population genetics of field populations of R. solani associated with soybean seedling disease. More specifically, information regarding genetic diversity, the mode of reproduction, and the evolutionary factors that shape different R. solani populations separated in time and space are lacking. We exploited genotyping by sequencing as a tool to assess the genetic structure of R. solani AG-2-2IIIB populations from Illinois, Ohio, and Ontario and investigate the reproductive mode of this subgroup. Our results revealed differences in genotypic diversity among three populations, with the Ontario population having greatest diversity. An overrepresentation of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) and a rejection of the null hypothesis of random mating in all three populations suggested clonality within each population. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed long terminal multifurcating branches for most members of the Ontario population, suggesting a mixed reproductive mode for this population. Analysis of molecular variance revealed low levels of population differentiation, and sharing of similar MLGs among populations highlights the role of genotype flow as an evolutionary force shaping population structure of this subgroup.
Using the tools of proteomics to understand the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Karasawa Rie , Jarvis James N.
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

One of the most important advances in medical research over the past 20 years has been the emergence of technologies to assess complex biological processes on a global scale. Although a great deal of attention has been given to genome-scale genetics and genomics technologies, the utility of studying the proteome in a comprehensive way is sometimes under-appreciated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in proteomics as applied to dermatomyositis/polymyositis as well as findings from other inflammatory diseases that may enlighten our understanding of dermatomyositis/polymyositis.

Recent findings

Proteomic approaches have been used to investigate basic mechanisms contributing to lung and skin disease in dermatomyositis/polymyositis as well as to the muscle disease itself. In addition, proteomic approaches have been used to identify autoantibodies targeting the endothelium in juvenile dermatomyositis. Studies from other inflammatory diseases have shown the promise of using proteomics to characterize the composition of immune complexes and the protein cargoes of exosomes.

There are many relevant scientific and clinical questions in dermatomyositis/polymyositis that can be addressed using proteomics approaches. Careful attention to both methodology and analytic approaches are required to obtain useful and reproducible data.
An Alternative to the Traditional Radiocapitellar Line for Pediatric Forearm Radiograph Assessment in Monteggia Fracture
Authors: Wang Cui , Su Yuxi
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To find a new reference for assessment of pediatric forearm radiographs besides the traditional RCL.

Methods:

RCLs were drawn on the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of 170 normal pediatric forearms. Three lines were drawn on each radiograph: the first was drawn along the longitudinal center of the radial neck (N-line); the second, along the radial shaft (S-line); and the third, through the midpoints of the proximal and distal radial physes (P-line).

Results:

The P-line was least likely to miss the capitellum on both AP views and lateral views, and the P-line most frequently passed through the central third of the capitellum on both AP views and lateral views.

Conclusions:

Our proposed radiocapitellar P-line was found to be much more reliable in younger children than traditional RCLs.
Project ECHO Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Analysis of Recommendations by Expert Faculty and the Process of Knowledge Translation
Authors: Thies Kathleen M. , Anderson Daren , Beals-Reid Colin
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Previous studies of the same Project ECHO Chronic Pain cohort demonstrated that recommendations to primary care providers (PCPs) by expert faculty follow CDC Guidelines for Prescribing Opioids and that participating PCPs change their practice accordingly. The purpose of this study was to identify how expert faculty translates knowledge, so that PCPs can act on it.

Methods:

One hundred ninety-seven PCPs from 82 practices in 14 states attended at least one Project ECHO Chronic Pain session over 10 months, hosted by a large federally qualified health center. Expert faculty was a multidisciplinary panel of six clinicians. Recommendations for 25 randomly selected case presentations were transcribed, yielding 406 discrete units of data. A thematic analysis contributed to a concept map for knowledge translation.

Results:

Expert faculty addressed psychosocial issues in 40% of recommendations. Three themes represented a familiar clinical decision-making process: recommendations for treatment accounted for risk factors and patient engagement and behavior. A concept map placed the recommendations for selected cases in the first phase of the action cycle in the Knowledge-to-Action framework, where knowledge is shared but not yet acted on.

Discussion:

Project ECHO Chronic Pain is an example of iterative guided practice, wherein expert faculty use published guidelines and professional experience to make recommendations for patient care to PCPs. This occurs using shared social–cultural–historical language and context consistent with social constructivist theories of learning.
A review on the health hazards of anabolic steroids
Authors: Horwitz Henrik , Christoffersen Thea
Published: August 2019

In 1935, testosterone was finally isolated and synthesized, and testosterone-analogs soon entered the world of sports. Today, the use of these performance-enhancing agents is no longer confined to the elite sports milieu, and the lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid use among men is estimated to be around 6%. Unfortunately, these drugs are not without side effects, and the most common somatic adverse drug reactions are gynaecomastia, infertility, testicular dysfunction, and acne. Furthermore, the use of AAS is associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and antisocial behaviour.
The impact of clinic design on teamwork development in primary care
Authors: Stroebel Robert J. , Obeidat Bushra , Lim Lisa , Mitchell Jay D. , Jasperson David B. , Zimring Craig
Published: August 2019

Background

Traditional clinic design supports a high-volume, hierarchical practice model. New design models are evolving to foster a high-functioning team delivery model.

Purpose

The goal of this study was to determine whether new design models, specifically colocation, improve care team development.

Methodology/Approach

A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to obtain validated teamwork development scores and patient satisfaction data to compare clinic design models. We took advantage of a difference in designs of primary care clinics among several clinics within the same care system in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. The participants were staff members of the primary care delivery teams in the studied clinics. The intervention was a redesign of staff space in the clinic. Our measures included a validated measure of team development and a commonly used patient satisfaction tool that were both in use at our institution at the time of the study.

Results

Teamwork scores were significantly higher in clinics where the primary work space of the entire team was colocated than in clinics where providers were in spaces separate from other team members. The differences in scores held across team roles, including providers, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses. Patient satisfaction was not different.

Conclusion

Colocation in clinic design appears to have a significant impact on team development across primary care team member roles.

Practice Implications

Primary care practice leaders should consider colocated clinic designs if their goal is to optimize care team development in support of team-based care delivery models. A more precise understanding of colocation that includes aspects such as distance to and visibility to teammates might help improve design in the future.
Using the Language of the ICF to Distinguish Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Schwab Sarah M. , Zeleznik Allison J.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:

Acute care physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are frequently confronted with the question, “What is the difference between PT and OT?” The response, “PTs work with lower extremities and OTs work with upper extremities,” is common. Such an approach to this question is antiquated and misleading. It undervalues each respective discipline and de-emphasizes the goal of functional rehabilitation. The objective of this clinical perspective is to provide an alternative response for acute care therapists to offer patients, families, and other health care practitioners with a focus on activities and participation chapters of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods:

To achieve this objective, the article addresses the following topics: (1) historical roles of each discipline; (2) a proposed shift in which roles are described in terms of specific activities and participation chapters of the ICF; and (3) acknowledgment of the overlap between the 2 disciplines.

Conclusions:

The distinction between PT and OT should be based on ICF chapters of activities and participation to convey the skill of each discipline. Overlap between the fields, particularly with the overall objective of therapy, optimization of functional movement, should be acknowledged.
Functional Status of Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Fick Ann , Tymkew Heidi , Cousins Emily , Bess Lauren , Halpin Laura , Pasch Allyson , King Shawn , Rosentreter Caitlin , Arroyo Cassandra , Oluwole-Sangoseni Olaide
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with aortic stenosis. This study aimed to describe the functional status and determine relationships between patient characteristics, such as age and functional outcomes, following a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure in the acute care setting.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 100 patients. Patients were divided into 4 groups: ≤69, 70 to 79, 80 to 89, and 90-plus years of age. General demographics, Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit, and ambulation distance were collected.

Results:

Mean age was 79.7 (SD = 8.3) years with 56% female. The first day after surgery, 78% were able to participate in out-of-bed activities. Significant improvement in ambulation distance and Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit scores from evaluation to discharge (P < .001) were noted in patients receiving 2 or more visits. No significant differences were found between age groups and outcome variables except that patients in the 90-plus age group were more likely to use an assistive device prior to surgery (P = .004).

Conclusions:

Patients' status post–transcatheter aortic valve replacement demonstrated improvement in their functional mobility during a short length of stay and were typically discharged home. Age did not appear to significantly impact the patients' ability to participate in early mobility or influence their discharge location.