bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meeting report: the 2021 FSHD International Research Congress
Authors: Jagannathan Sujatha , de Greef Jessica C. , Hayward Lawrence J. , Yokomori Kyoko , Gabellini Davide , Mul Karlien , Sacconi Sabrina , Arjomand Jamshid , Kinoshita June , Harper Scott Q.
Published: January 2022

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the second most common genetic myopathy, characterized by slowly progressing and highly heterogeneous muscle wasting with a typical onset in the late teens/early adulthood [1]. Although the etiology of the disease for both FSHD type 1 and type 2 has been attributed to gain-of-toxic function stemming from aberrant DUX4 expression, the exact pathogenic mechanisms involved in muscle wasting have yet to be elucidated [2–4]. The 2021 FSHD International Research Congress, held virtually on June 24–25, convened over 350 researchers and clinicians to share the most recent advances in the understanding of the disease mechanism, discuss the proliferation of interventional strategies and refinement of clinical outcome measures, including results from the ReDUX4 trial, a phase 2b clinical trial of losmapimod in FSHD [NCT04003974].
Exploring stigma associated with mental health conditions and alcohol and other drug use among people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds: a protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Douglass Caitlin H. , Lim Megan S. C. , Block Karen , Onsando Gerald , Hellard Margaret , Higgs Peter , Livingstone Charles , Horyniak Danielle
Published: January 2022

Background

Stigma is a social process that impedes access to support for mental health conditions and alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, particularly for people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. There is limited understanding, however, of people’s experiences of stigma, the underlying drivers, intersections with ethnicity, gender, and citizenship status, and how powerful discourses and social institutions create and perpetuate systems of stigma. This review aims to synthesise and critically analyse qualitative evidence to understand how stigma associated with mental health conditions and AOD use operates among people from migrant and ethnic minority groups.

Methods

Qualitative evidence will be identified using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Sociological Abstracts. Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full-text articles. Eligible studies will include original, empirical, peer-reviewed qualitative evidence, published in English since 1990. Studies must examine stigma in relation to mental health conditions, illicit drug use or alcohol consumption among participants who are from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. Studies will be critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative studies and the level of confidence in the findings will be assessed using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research. Data will be analysed using the ‘best fit’ framework synthesis approach, drawing on the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework.

Discussion

This review will provide an in-depth understanding of the stigma associated with mental health conditions and AOD use among people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. The findings will inform culturally responsive interventions that aim to reduce the negative impact of stigma on individuals, families and communities.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021204057
Spatial epidemiology of skin cancer in Iran: separating sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed parts of the body
Authors: Kiani Behzad , Tabari Parinaz , Mohammadi Alireza , Mostafavi Sayyed Mostafa , Moghadami Mohsen , Amini Mitra , Rezaianzadeh Abbas
Published: January 2022

Background

Skin cancer is among the most common cancer types with an increasing global trend of incidence rate. This study explores the spatial distribution of skin cancer, considering body sites exposed and not exposed to sunshine separately.

Methods

We used 4302 skin cancer cases recorded by Fars Cancer Registry in south-western Iran for over 6 years (2011–2017). The variables included in the study were patients’ residence address, gender, age, report date, and final topographical code. The patients’ addresses were geocoded to the counties of the study area. Skin cancer sites were categorized based on sun exposure in male and female cases. We used the empirical Bayesian smoothing approach to smooth the skin cancer incidence rate at the county level to remove any potential population size bias. Finally, Anselin’s Local Moran’s Index and Getis Ord G* were used to identify the clustered and high-risk skin cancer geographical areas.

Results

The incidence rates had an increasing trend from 14.28 per 100,000 people in 2011 to 17.87 per 100,000 people in 2016, however, it was decreased to 13.05 per 100,000 people in 2017. Out of 4302 patients with skin cancer, 2602 cases (60%) were male. The cancer cumulative incidence rate in males and females who were not exposed to sunshine was 7.80 and 14.18 per 100,000, respectively. The rates increased to 86.22 and 48.20 in males and females who were exposed to the sun. There were some high-risk spatial clusters of skin cancer in the study area. Further investigations are required to identify the underlying cause of the formation of these clusters.

Conclusions

Patients exposed to sunshine, especially among the male group, experienced much higher rates of cancer occurrence as compared to unexposed individuals. With a heterogeneous spatial pattern, hotspots were identified in non-sun-exposed and sun-exposed categories in the study area. Researchers and policymakers can significantly benefit from the spatial analyses of skin cancer incidence. These analyses can provide useful and timely prevention policies as well as tailored monitoring techniques in high-risk regions.
Descriptive epidemiology of injuries in Japanese collegiate men’s basketball: 2013/2014 to 2019/2020
Authors: Sekine Yuta , Kamada Kotaro , Koyama Takeshi , Hoshikawa Seigo , Uchino Sayuri , Komatsu Takayuki
Published: January 2022

Background

Basketball is one of the most played sports in the world. However, only a few studies have examined the epidemiology of Japanese collegiate men’s basketball injuries. This study investigated the incidence of injury among Japanese collegiate men’s basketball from the 2013/2014 to the 2019/2020 seasons and identified unique patterns by comparing our data with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men’s basketball data.

Methods

Data from Japanese collegiate basketball teams of the Kanto Collegiate Basketball Federation Division I League during the 2013/2014 to 2019/2020 academic years (23 team-seasons) were used in this study. Injury rates per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs), injury proportions, and the injury rate ratio (IRR) were calculated according to the events, injury types, body parts, and common injury mechanisms. Injury rates were then compared with that from the time-loss injury data of the NCAA’s previous reports.

Results

In total, 480 injuries during 97,515 AEs were reported, leading to an injury rate of 4.92 per 1000 AEs (95% CI = 4.48–5.36). The overall injury rate was higher in Japan than in the NCAA ([2009/2010–2014/2015] IRR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.39–1.73; [2014/2015–2018/2019] IRR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.48–1.82). Lower extremity injuries occurred most frequently (73.5%). Ankle sprain was the most common injury in Japan, with higher injury rates than in the NCAA (IRR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.72–2.57). The injury rate of concussion was lower in Japan than in the NCAA (IRR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.14–0.55).

Conclusions

The rates of overall injury and ankle sprain were higher and that of concussion was lower in Japan than in the NCAA. These results suggested the existence of international differences in the pattern or features of injuries in basketball players.
Enhancement of polarization anisotropy in ultrafast carrier dynamics by intramolecular excitation in the organic conductor κ-(BEDT- TTF)2Cu(NCS)2
Authors: Nakagawa K. , Sato T. , Tsuchiya S. , Yamada J. , Toda Y.
Published: January 2022

In this work, in order to investigate the origin of the anomalous polarization dynamics observed in the normal conducting state of the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2, we performed optical pump probe measurements by varying the probe pulse energy from

to 1.59 eV. We found that the polarization-dependent transient signal was most enhanced at

, which was close to the intramolecular excitation energy

of the BEDT-TTF molecules but is not exactly matched. This difference is linked to the formation of an energy gap at the Fermi energy at low temperatures, which results in an increase or decrease in pump-induced absorption between the states near the Fermi energy and the intramolecular excited states depending on probe polarization. In other words, the intramolecular excitation at 1.41 eV, which has a strong polarization dependence, serves as a probe of the dynamics involved in gap formation. A simple calculation shows that the size of the gap is

, which is close to that of the BEDT-TTF based Mott insulators. It is suggested that the gap arises from the phase-separated Mott state caused by photoinduced modulation of effective electron correlation.
“They Saw Mute Creation Trembling”: Forms of Catastrophe in the Old English Christ III
Authors: Reynolds Evelyn
Published: January 2022

The Old English poem Christ III represents the Crucifixion not by focusing on Christ's suffering but by depicting natural disasters. In its representation of creation's upheavals, Christ III establishes an ecopoetics in which language can sketch but never fully fathom either the extent or, importantly, the causes of ecological catastrophe. Its forms suggest that creation's compassion for Christ's suffering actually results in violent self-destruction—a suggestion that troubles twenty-first-century narratives of ecological catastrophe and human responsibility. Although the motif of creation's sympathy with Christ appears throughout medieval theology, Christ III's treatment of this motif raises two sets of questions about medieval depictions of catastrophe, one set focused on represention of ecological catastrophe and one focused on causes of catastrophe. Christ III leads the reader to experience the impossibility of fully understanding catastrophe, forcing the reader to question the individual's role in catastrophe.
Rasagiline Pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 Variant Healthy Smokers & Non-smokers in Different Doses
Authors: Bilal Rabiea , Ahmad Naseem Saud , Zaffar Sehrish , Mazhar Muhammad Usama , Siddiqui Waqar Ahmed , Tariq Saba
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Rasagiline, a drug for Parkinson’s disease is metabolized by CYP1A2 enzyme. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of cytochrome P450 1A2 variants and smoking status of healthy individuals on the pharmacokinetics of rasagiline.

Methods: A comparative, open label, interventional, single oral dose, pharmacokinetic study was performed on 108 healthy volunteers in UHS & UVAS, Lahore. Data collection was initiated in June 2016 and ended in January 2018. It was divided in three phases with 1, 2 and 5mg of rasagiline given to a group of 36 volunteers in each phase. Volunteers were sub-divided into six groups of AA smokers, AA non-smokers, AC smokers, AC non-smokers, CC smokers & CC non-smokers on the basis of genotyping and smoking status. Serial blood sampling was performed at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 & 12 hours after administration of rasagiline tablets. Plasma concentrations were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using software (APO) pharmacological analysis.

Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference between AA and CC groups. Multiple group comparison with post hoc Tukey’s revealed that AA-smokers had significantly less tmax (p<0.001), t1/2 (p<0.012), AUC (p<0.008) and highest Cl (p<0.001) as compared to CC-smokers. The trend was same across all three doses.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the systemic metabolism of rasagiline is significantly increased in CYP1A2*AA variants while smoking status did not show consistent difference in PK parameters.

Registered Trial: ISRCTN68198254

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940

How to cite this:Bilal R, Ahmad NS, Zaffar S, Mazhar MU, Siddiqui WA, Tariq S. Rasagiline Pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 Variant Healthy Smokers & Non-smokers in Different Doses. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency of parasitic infections in Arachishypogaea L (groundnuts), Citrulluslanatus seeds (watermelon seeds), and Ziziphusspina-christi (nabag) sold by street vendors in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Suleiman Mohammed Arwa , Abd Alla Ahmed , Galander Ahmed , Elfaki Tayseer , Ibrahim Hashim Ahmed , N. Altayb Hisham
Published: January 2022

Background: Plant products, including seeds are an important source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and energy. This study aimed to assess parasitic contaminations in roasted groundnuts,

nabag, and tasali (watermelon seeds) sold by street vendors in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Methods: The frequency of parasitic contaminations among all crop products was detected by washing the plants with saline, and then conducting an examination using a formal ether

concentration technique (FECT), followed by a saturated sugar floatation technique.

Results: The detected parasites belonged to two species: Entamoeba histolytica (33.3%) and Giardia lamblia (15.6%). No helminthic parasites were detected. Mixed contamination of the mentioned parasites was also observed (11.1%). The most contaminated crop was nabag, followed by groundnut, and finally tasali.

Conclusion: No relation was established between the positivity of samples for parasites and crop type, Khartoum State city, or  seller sex. FECT was more sensitive than the saturated sugar floatation technique as a detection method.
Aging with long-term physical disability: Cohort analysis of survey sample in the U.S.
Authors: Morgan Kerri A. , Putnam Michelle , Espin-Tello Sandra M. , Keglovits Marian , Campbell Margaret , Yan Yan , Wehmeier Aimee , Stark Susan
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic health conditions, secondary conditions, and decreasing functional ability related to aging and/or changes in underlying impairment may influence participation for persons aging with long-term physical disability (AwD).

Objective: To examine sample integrity and baseline findings through exploration of associations of sociodemographic, health, and disability factors with social participation for persons AwD.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study following persons AwD over three years, reporting baseline cohort study data. A convenience sample of 474 persons AwD aged 45–65 reporting physical disability of ≥5 years’ duration was recruited through community organizations and social media. The cohort was majority female (66.7%) and single (62.0%), and over one-third (38.6%) was non-White. Pain, fatigue, depression, ability to participate in, and satisfaction with, social roles and activities were measured with the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.

Results: Participants aged 55–60 and 61–65 had significantly lower rates of employment and marriage and higher rates of living alone than participants aged 45–54. Participants reported higher rates of fatigue, pain, and depression and lower ability to participate in, and satisfaction with, participation in, social roles and activities than the general population. Ability to participate and satisfaction with participation were highest among Black/African American participants. Conclusions: Participants reported higher rates of common AwD symptoms and lower ability to participate and satisfaction with participation than the general population, consistent with prior studies of AwD samples. This cohort reflects the AwD population and can be considered an AwD sample, comparable to those found in existing literature. The focus of future analyses will be to gain a greater understanding of chronic health conditions, incidence of falls, engagement in everyday life activities, and the impact of the environment.
Clinical inflammatory biomarkers associated with the tumor stage of gastric cancer: retrospective analysis of a Hospital in Peru during the years 2018–2020
Authors: Vela-Ruiz Jose M. , Medina-Rojas Katherine , Machón-Cosme Andrea , Perez-Ramos Carlos , Sotelo Miguel J. , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Gastric cancer is a disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in the world.

Objective: To determine which clinical inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the tumor stage of gastric cancer of the oncology service of the Hospital María Auxiliadora in Lima, Peru, during the years 2018-2020.

Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study. There was a sample of 110 patients. The PR values ​​were obtained from the absolute frequencies of the variables: serum albumin, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR).

Results: The average age was 63,727±13.85. 55.45% were female. The most frequent histopathological type was intestinal adenocarcinoma with 62.73%. In the bivariate analysis, an association was found between INL (PR:6.88 CI95% 2.36-20 p<0.001), IPL (PR:2.55 CI95% 1.68-3.86 p<0.001) and serum albumin (PR:3.16 CI95% 1.91-5.24 p<0.001) in the advanced clinical stage. The multivariate analysis found a relationship between INL and clinical stage (PR:4.11 CI95% 1.25-13.49 p=0.020)

Conclusion: INL is an independent predictive factor in relation to the clinical stage of gastric cancer in this study.
K-nearest-neighbor algorithm to predict the survival time and classification of various stages of oral cancer: a machine learning approach
Authors: Siddalingappa Rashmi , Kanagaraj Sekar
Published: January 2022

Background: For years now, cancer treatments have entailed tried-and-true methods. Yet, oncologists and clinicians recommend a series of surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Yet, even amidst these treatments, the number of deaths due to cancer increases at an alarming rate. The prognosis of cancer patients is influenced by mutations, age, and various cancer stages. However, the association between these variables is unclear.

Methods: The present work adopts a machine learning technique—k-nearest neighbor; for both regression and classification tasks, regression for predicting the survival time of oral cancer patients, and classification for classifying the patients into one of the predefined oral cancer stages. Two cross-validation approaches—hold-out and k-fold methods—have been used to examine the prediction results.  

Results: The experimental results show that the k-fold method performs better than the hold-out method, providing the least mean absolute error score of 0.015. Additionally, the model classifies patients into a valid group. Of the 429 records, 97 (out of 106), 99 (out of 119), 95 (out of 113), and 77 (out of 91) were classified to its correct label as stages – 1, 2, 3, and 4. The accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure for each classification group obtained are 0.84, 0.85, 0.85, and 0.84.  

Conclusions: The study showed that aged patients with a higher number of mutations than young patients have a higher risk of short survival. Senior patients with a more significant number of mutations have an increased risk of getting into the last cancer stage
Fotografía y proceso de escritura en "Sete palabras" de Suso de Toro, "Soinujolearen semea" de Bernardo Atxaga y "La meitat de l’ànima" de Carme Riera
Authors: Kotta Merilin
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Photography and the writing process in Sete palabras by Suso de Toro, La meitat de l’ànima by Carme Riera and Soinujolearen semea by Bernardo Atxaga. This paper aims to understand the function of pre-digital photography as described in contemporary metafiction. For this comparative analysis, I have selected three novels representing different cultures on the Iberian Peninsula and published in the 21st century: Sete palabras (Seven Words, 2009) by the Galician writer Suso de Toro (born in 1956), La meitat de l’ànima (Half the Soul, 2004) by the Catalan Carme Riera (born in 1948) and Soinujolearen semea (The Accordionist’s Son, 2003) by the Basque author Bernardo Atxaga (born in 1951). These three novels present a common feature in which the narrator (a writer born around 1950) writes a book in which he or she is, simultaneously, the sender of the written message (his or her book) and the receiver of the photography used during the writing process. In this construction of meaning, the writer re-contextualises the visual image and uses it for various proposes: to compare situations or characters, to verify discourses or facts, to identify someone, to preserve data in the record, or to communicate something. Sometimes, the photography does not accomplish its supposed function and does not help the writer to continue documenting or writing. In this case, the difficulty or impossibility of knowing the truth is emphasized. These photographies also have a narrative and structural function in the books, as they frequently demonstrate the text’s own self-awareness.
"Closed universes" of Resistance: searches in the space of Russian culture
Authors: Skiperskih Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

The monograph represents the author's long-term observations on the life of chronotopes of Russian culture. From the author's point of view, chronotopes are initially present in a special field of opposites, complementary values, which only dramatizes the self-identification of the subject of resistance in the fascinating and dark worlds of "closed universes" opening before him.
The life of culture, as well as the life of its individual carrier, who creates the text of resistance, seems to be a kind of journey through certain stations - chronotopes.
He can find his reader among those who are trying to catch the mysterious morphology of Russian culture and the characters buried in it.
Urban evolution
Authors: Borzyh Stanislav
Published: January 2022

The monograph is devoted to evolution, but in the form that man gave it. It is assumed that unnatural conditions of its flow were created in cities and near them, which changed the logic of its functioning, but this has become especially noticeable over the past hundred years, during which the entire planet was included in the orbit of our influence. This made it possible to unite the Earth into one whole, but at the same time it transformed the work of natural selection, turning it into an artificial one that concerns everyone and everything, without any exceptions. Accordingly, three planes of its unfolding are considered, namely: geography, the biosphere and our species, in each of which the same dynamics of its implementation can be traced. From all this, it is concluded that today there is no wild and inherent in the whole history of his version, but the one that prevails is that we, consciously and not, planted on this space object with all its inhabitants. This new version of it is proposed to be called urban revolution - by the name of the site of its unfolding and everything that is associated with it, but it is repeatedly emphasized that the essence of the process has remained the same, the scene where it is carried out has simply been transformed.
It is intended for both specialists and the general public.
Information content management
Authors: Shitov Viktor
Published: January 2022

The textbook describes methods of ensuring quality and compliance with legislation when publishing content, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of intellectual property, rules for the use of information materials on the Internet, general principles of differentiation of access rights to information on the Internet, ensuring information security, types of spam and unwanted content, methods and means of combating them, technologies for managing, processing and modifying content, technologies for transmitting information on the network, duties of a moderator of a website / forum / resource, and much more.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational education institutions. It can be used when mastering the professional module "Information resources Administration" in the discipline "Information content Management" for the specialty "Information systems and programming" when mastering the qualification "Information Resources Specialist".
Methodology
Authors: Plaskova Nataliya
Published: January 2022

The monograph reveals a system of methodological approaches of a theoretical, methodological and practical nature to improve the processes of creating and functioning of a system of accounting and analytical information that comprehensively reflects the vital activity of an organization in the modern conditions of the development of the digital economy of Russia. The article presents a set of organizational and methodological tasks and options for their solutions regarding the formation of a high-quality information base for providing a controlling system and making internal management decisions by the management and managers of companies, as well as to meet the information requests of external stakeholders. The introduction of the proposed author's methods and methods into the accounting and analytical practice of organizations allows optimizing management costs associated with accounting and management accounting, analysis, planning, contributes to the qualitative functioning of internal information flows of the company, reliable disclosure of the financial situation and effectiveness of its activities, the organization of a quality controlling system and timely adequate response of management to negative impacts of external and internal factors, increasing business efficiency, strengthening its competitiveness.
It is intended for researchers, university teachers, postgraduates, bachelors and masters studying in the fields of Economics, Management, Finance and Credit, as well as practitioners in the field of accounting, analysis, audit, internal control and management of financial and economic activities of organizations.
Theory of functions of a complex variable
Authors: Polovinkin Evgeniy
Published: January 2022

The textbook outlines the basics of the theory of functions of a complex variable. The geometric principles of analytic (regular) functions, on the basis of which the geometric theory of conformal maps is constructed, are also considered. Some applied aspects of the functions of a complex variable are given.
Recommended by the Educational and Methodological Council of Higher Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation for Education in the field of applied mathematics and physics as a textbook for students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of Applied Mathematics and Physics and related fields and specialties.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and teachers of technical and physical-mathematical universities.
WYCHOWANIE I KIEROWANIE W WARUNKACH PIECZY ZASTĘPCZEJ – ANALIZA STATUSU PRAWNEGO PODMIOTÓW ZAANGAŻOWANYCH W EDUKACJĘ DZIECKA RODZICÓW Z OGRANICZONĄ WŁADZĄ RODZICIELSKĄ
Authors: Jadach Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto rozważania nad problemem relacji w układzie rodzice – wychowankowie pieczy zastępczej będący uczniami –środowisko zastępcze – placówka oświatowa w sytuacji ingerencji sądu rodzinnego we władzę rodzicielską w postaci jej ograniczenia z uwagi na zagrożone dobro dziecka. Postawiono następujące pytanie badawcze: jak kształtuje się status prawny podmiotów zaangażowanych w edukację dziecka? Celem jego rozstrzygnięcia dokonano analizy dogmatyczno-prawnej, uwzględniając przede wszystkim przepisy prawa rodzinnego i oświatowego. Konstruowana na gruncie przywołanego w tekście art. 112.1 kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego koncepcja pieczy dzielonej i związany z nią rozdział atrybutów rodzicielskich nie zawsze pozwala na jednoznaczne ustalenie przynależności praw i obowiązków względem dziecka. W warunkach jego funkcjonowania w placówce oświatowej kategoryczny kompetencyjny podział rodzi wiele wątpliwości interpretacyjnych, co skłania do sformułowania postulatu obowiązku współdziałania rodziców z przedstawicielami pieczy zastępczej w obszarze wychowania i edukacji.
CHARLOTTE MASON I JEJ POGLĄDY NA WYCHOWANIE DOMOWE
Authors: Czarnecka Iwona
Published: January 2022

Charlotte Mason (1842–1923) była brytyjskim pedagogiem. Na bazie swych doświadczeń opracowała metodę pracy z dziećmi opartą na dwudziestu zasadach. Jest autorką serii podręczników do nauki geografii zatytułowanej Ambleside Geography Books oraz serii książek dotyczących wychowania i nauczania: Wychowanie domowe, Rodzice i dzieci, Edukacja szkolna, Sami, Kształtowanie charakteru, W kierunku filozofii edukacji oraz Zbawiciel świata.W swych pracach nawiązywała do poglądów innych pedagogów, m.in. Jana Amosa Komeńskiego, Jana Fryderyka Herbarta i Jana Henryka Pestalozziego. W książce Wychowanie domowe: wychowanie dzieci do lat dziewięciu opisała zasady, którymi w pracy z młodszymi dziećmi powinni kierować się rodzice, a także konkretne wskazówki dotyczące nauczania poszczególnych przedmiotów. Głosiła, że „dzieci rodzą się jako osoby”, a obowiązkiem rodziców jest pamiętać o tym, szanować godność i osobowość dziecka. Obecnie, zwłaszcza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, ale nie tylko, chętnie powraca się do założeń jej metody i realizuje się je w praktyce w edukacji domowej.
Schematy zakwaterowania Korpusu Kadetów. Opracowanie i cyfrowa edycja
Authors: Ziółkowska-Krzywda Joanna
Published: January 2022

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące przestrzeni tzw. koszar kazimierzowskich należących do Szkoły Rycerskiej. Jego celem jest opracowanie cyfrowej edycji Schematów zakwaterowania Korpusu Kadetów (Muzeum Wojska Polskiego, sygn. 7634/c–7636/c). Źródła dają nowe perspektywy w zrozumieniu funkcjonowania i życia codziennego tej instytucji. W edycji wykorzystano narzędzia typowe dla źródeł pisanych (transliteracja, modernizacja, budowa aparatu krytycznego) i za pomocą wektoryzacji uzupełniono aplikację internetową.
Más allá del negacionismo del cambio climático. Retos conceptuales al comunicar la obstrucción de la acción climática.
Authors: Almiron Núria , Moreno Jose A.
Published: January 2022

El cambio climático ha sido objeto de estudio frecuente desde distintos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas, también desde la comunicación. Gracias a ello, se ha generado una cada vez más abundante evidencia de la realidad compleja que se esconde tras la inacción política al respecto. Sin embargo, a la hora de comunicar esta realidad, los medios de comunicación, y una parte de la academia, han tendido a simplificar esta complejidad poniendo el foco en el contramovimiento climático y el negacionismo literal del fenómeno. Este contramovimiento ha sido abundantemente estudiado en los Estados Unidos, lo que ha puesto en evidencia la existencia de un negacionismo del cambio climático antropogénico muy influyente en ese país. Pero la investigación académica ha hecho también evidente que la inacción política al respecto del clima no puede explicarse solo con el concepto de negacionismo; ni en los Estados Unidos, ni mucho menos en Europa. En este artículo problematizamos el uso del concepto negacionismo en su uso indiscriminado actual y sugerimos incorporar un marco conceptual y de análisis más sofisticado, que aporte más matices y se alinee con las evidencias de la investigación académica. Se trata no solo de comunicar de forma crítica la realidad de la inacción política con respecto al clima sino de hacerlo también identificando todo el espectro real de responsabilidades, que no se reducen a negar o no negar el cambio climático.
Symboliczne wymiary birmańskiego nacjonalizmu i polityki w latach 1885‒2015
Authors: Targosz Tobiasz
Published: January 2022

This book focuses on the symbolic aspects of Burmese nationalism. The subject of the publication concentrates on the relationship between symbolic culture and politics on the example of political, social, religious, and cultural changes taking place in Burma in the period from 1885 to 2015. Such a long time range results from the desire to present radical changes in local culture and political and social life that took place over the hundred years separating these dates. It results from the fact that nation-building processes are always in line with the tradition of Braudel’s “long duration”. The presented analysis of changes in the years 1885–2015 is not a “trivial” and typical political history, described by Fernand Braudel as courtedurée. The conclusions result here from the awareness that only a two-sided analysis, both in the context of longedurée and courtedurée, will make it possible to grasp the full picture of the issue under study.
Dolya Tidūma Nāwuni ŋun Namtiŋo (Our Lord God, the Sole Creator, You Must Obey)
Authors: Ajura Alhaj Yūsuf Ṣāliḥ
Published: January 2022

This chapter talks about the poem “Dolya Tiduma Nawuni ŋun Namtiŋo,” which Afa Ajura composed early in his preaching and composing career. It outlines the contents of the poem that show that Afa Ajura was still preoccupied with teaching the average people their religion. It also includes clues about Afa Ajura's heavy reliance on the original Islamic sources, such as al-Bukharı, Muslim, and Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas, and his call for people to study them. The chapter emphasizes basic crucial information, such as God's omnipotence, the need to worship him and depend on him alone, and the hereafter and paradise. It points out how Afa Ajura was more focused on educating the average person than unleashing his arsenal against the Tijaniyyah.
Afa Nim Zāsa Nin Binya (All Clerics Have Not Seen: Against Wird)
Authors: Ajura Alhaj Yūsuf Ṣāliḥ
Published: January 2022

This chapter talks about the poem “Afa Nim Zasa Nin Binya,” wherein Afa Ajura condemned the signature practices of the Tijaniyyah, the wird and the tarbiya. It explains that wird or awrad are litanies that Shaykh Ahmad al-Tijanı taught to his followers and encouraged them to perform three times daily. It also clarifies that tarbiya or spiritual training is a process devised by Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse to intensify and accelerate the experience attainable in wird. The chapter explores the subject matter of the polemical poem, which is mainly an admonishment against the performance of Tijanı litanies and a call to abandon that path. It highlights Afa Ajura's call to Muslims to maintain the path of Prophet Mohammed and his companions.
Afanim Tola Ayirmo (The Clerics Have Gone Wild)
Authors: Ajura Alhaj Yūsuf Ṣāliḥ
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the poem “Afanim Tola Ayirmo,” which was meant as a response to Alhaj Muntaqa, one of the Tijaniyyah scholars that composed a polemical poem insulting Afa Ajura and Munchiris. It delves into the tone of Afa Ajura's response and the graphic nature of his language in the poem. It also refers to Saani Ibrahim, a Tijaniyyah-inclined researcher, who openly identified Alhaj Muntaqa and cited a couple of his direct insults of Afa Ajura in his Ph.D. dissertation. The chapter narrates how Alhaj Muntaqa decided to use the title “Catapilla” or “The Caterpillar” on his poem against Afa Ajura, which originated from Mallam Sani, an ardent fan of Afa Ajura that often interrupted his preaching sessions with praises. It observes that “The Caterpillar” mirrors in melody, intonation, and poetic meter Afa Ajura's first poem, “Damba Digoli.”
Debunking Providence
Authors: Koenig Sarah
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the controversy that arose in 1900 when Edward Bourne presented evidence at the American Historical Association's (AHA) annual meeting that the Marcus Whitman story was false. It traces the debate exemplified by Bourne and William Isaac Marshall, and Myron Eells and William Mowry, which situates the controversy within the professionalization of the historical discipline and its relationship to the discipline of comparative religion. It also highlights the assumptions underlying the removal of the Whitman story from most scholarly histories, which retained the racialized logic of earlier modes of history. The chapter talks about scholars, such as Bourne and Marshall, who advocated the new, scientific history methods that placed their work within a broad teleology of progress which positioned their opponents as primitive. It explains how the Whitman story served as a signifier for the rejection of scientific history and the preservation of earlier moral and religious values.
Parents’ Risk Acceptance and Attitudes Toward the Use of Quad Bikes by Children and Young People in Sweden
Authors: Lundqvist Peter , Stave Christina , Göransson Eva
Published: January 2022

Highlights

Parents did not see themselves as role models for children regarding use of quad bikes.

Parents seemed to misjudge their children’s maturity and capabilities.

Risk acceptance was a common issue, due to risk normalization.

There is a need for an age limit for drivers of adult-size quad bikes.

Abstract.When seeking to explain the many accidents involving children on quad bikes, it is critical to understand the norms and risk perceptions of their parents, because parents are responsible for their children’s safety. This study explored attitudes and behavior among parents of rural children using quad bikes and their experiences of incidents and injuries. Information obtained from two focus group discussions, one with young adults and one with parents, and an in-depth interview with a quad bike distributor was used to develop an interview guide. The guide was used in telephone interviews with Swedish parents (n = 41) and some children ages 5 to 14 (n = 9) between autumn 2015 and spring 2016. Analysis of the results revealed eight themes: (1) how quad bikes are used, (2) risk awareness, (3) safety information could help other parents, (4) parents’ perception of children’s abilities, (5) children’s learning, (6) children`s perspective, (7) rules and responsibilities, and (8) risk acceptance. Major findings were that parents were aware of the risks and had a strong commitment to children’s safety, but also showed risk acceptance. To increase the safety of quad bike use, recommendations to organizations and authorities are presented, such as an age limit for drivers of all adult-size quad bikes and safety labeling of quad bikes, with information clarifying the rules for specific vehicles. Keywords: Acceptance, Accident, Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, Awareness, Farm, Child, Incident, Parent, Quad bike, Risk, Rural, Sweden, Youth.
State or market?
Authors: Hudson Bob
Published: January 2022

Chapter 5 takes stock of the ongoing arguments about the relative merits and demerits of provision by the state or through the market. Where the market has defects, can these be remedied? Is a return to public sector provision likely or feasible?
Conclusion: making it change – morals, markets and power
Authors: Hudson Bob
Published: January 2022

The Conclusion returns to the issues of morals, markets and power. What is the most appropriate place for market principles in adult social care? How could ethical principles be put centre-stage? And how can change be supported and sustained?
World population prospects at the UN: our numbers are not our problem?
Authors: Dorling Danny
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that population dynamics have long been inextricably linked to ideas about social sustainability. It contends that our ability to achieve sustainable development may well depend on the dynamics of the world's population. The chapter then looks at the rising global human population, and examines how to cope with world population dynamics as part of the social sustainability challenge. It considers changing population dynamics for each of the world regions. However, what may ultimately matter most for social sustainability and social wellbeing is how equitable a country is. When a country is equitable, like Finland, people do not have to think of having more children in future to help pay for their own old age. It may seem impossible to think that this will ever happen to some of the poorest and most inequitable countries but, as the chapter points out, just a century ago Finland was a relatively poor country.
Race, ethnicity and health inequalities
Authors: Darko Natalie
Published: January 2022

Health inequalities are a growing concern in the UK. However, as the ethnic and racial diversity of the population is continuing to increase; ethnic health inequalities are rising. This chapter explores some of these inequalities in the UK. Understandings of the relationship between race, ethnicity and health are presented first, to allow for consideration of ethnicity and race within health inequalities. The chapter then explores some of the current research on health outcomes and health- related practices of BME people in the UK. These include cardiovascular disease, Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and health related risk factors such as mental health. This chapter also examines why ethnic health inequalities occurring in the UK, by considering what factors that influence health outcomes amongst BME groups.
Conclusion: Contradictions and Alternatives to Data Commodification
Authors: Bilić Paško , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

In Chapter 7 the authors discuss alternatives for controlling monopolies, imagining alternative technological forms, recognising public wealth and value and the role of data for democratic development. While acknowledging current initiatives for curbing corporate power through digital taxation policies, they also outline the long-term limits of such thinking, primarily because it does not challenge the surplus value extraction model held together by the capture of public wealth and legal forms aiding commodification and capital reproduction. Instead, they argue that what is needed is a broader notion of surplus, stretching beyond surplus value, covering other social forms of production, along with redistribution of outputs for various democratic purposes, as well as public attentiveness to technological forms conducive to democratic aims and outcomes.
States of Imposture: Scroungerphobia and the Choreography of Suspicion
Authors: Kaufman James
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the choreography of suspicion in welfare to work services. It is concerned with the bureaucratic manifestations of a policy discourse preoccupied with ‘scroungers’, benefit fraud and deception. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, it attends to the everyday encounters through which such suspicions were enacted and experienced. The chapter argues that a regime of behavioural welfare conditionality effectively formalised suspicion as a matter of policy and practice, and in so doing undermined the claims made by welfare to work services to be sources of help and support. Ironically, once formalized, and by undermining the ostensible service aims, this suspicion also rendered the welfare bureaucrats as potential fakes and frauds.
Good Enough Imposters: The Market for Instagram Followers in Indonesia and Beyond
Authors: Lindquist Johan
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the market for fake followers on Instagram, which has developed as follower counts have become a key metric for social media influence and economic value. Beginning with the Indonesian actors who work within this shadow economy, the chapter describes the ‘arms race’ between Instagram and the providers and sellers of fake followers that has developed as the former attempt to regulate the latter. It is in this process that the ‘good-enough follower’ takes shape and finds a place as an imposter within Instagram’s user base. The chapter reveals how a range of different practices and technologies are involved in temporarily assembling this imposter. This moves the discussion beyond dichotomies such as ‘real’ and ‘fake’ to question how the boundaries between the two are shaped, constituted, and contested in the current ‘post-truth era’ of digital capitalism and politics.
Introduction to Part I
Authors: Lee Micky
Published: January 2022

This mini-introduction to Part I Gender Online and Digital Sex discusses how the chapters '“Sharing, Selling, Striving: The Gendered Labour of Female Social Entrepreneurship in South Korea' and '“For Japan Only?” Crossing and Re-inscribing Boundaries in the Circulation of Adult Computer Games' can be understood in the context of gender inequality in Japan and South Korea where adult women are still expected to become housewives. Both chapters contribute to a discussion in digital media studies by asking whether new information and communication technologies would alter gender relations or reinforce them. In addition, they show how historical gender relations in Japan and South Korea shape how gender is experienced. More specifically, the two chapters show how an online space enables users to experience different gender expressions and challenge gender relations through e-commerce and digital gaming. At the same time, they also pointed out that gender expressions and gender relations in the offline space constrain gender experience in the online space.
Phenomena and Phobia through Pokémon GO: An Analysis of the Reactions on the Augmented Reality Game in Japan
Authors: Sneep Deirdre
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at government and media warnings of playing Pokémon GO in Japan. This chapter argues that even though Japan is often portrayed as a country that has a high affinity with technology, it has simultaneously been suspicious towards new forms of digital technology, showing an interesting stance towards the digitalisation of society. The case of Pokémon GO illustrates that Japanese have also shown the same anxieties towards other media technologies in the past. Some of these anxieties are health hazard caused by addictive handheld gaming, accidents and deaths caused by inattentive drivers, as well as moral decline. Some of these anxieties can be explained by the different attitudes towards technologies between the older and the younger generations: while the former sees technologies are only for work, the latter sees them as play.
South Korea’s Esports Industry in Northeast Asia: History, Ecosystem and Digital Labour
Authors: Chung Peichi
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses South Korean esports industry by shifting a corporation-centred approach to an alternative approach that centres around players and policy model of innovation. The chapter explores how the voices of various esports players can be contextualised in a larger societal structure. The chapter includes a fieldwork report based upon more than 20 in-depth interviews of esports professionals. The chapter shows the dilemmas that esports players face in developing their careers. South Korea has the world’s most dominant esports scene in Northeast Asia. The country’s leadership in esports is not only because of two public organisations that built national and global infrastructure. South Korea’s success benefits from a bottom-up industry innovation model that is player-driven. Many esports professionals dreamed of becoming professional players at the beginning of their career. The vibrant ecosystem appears in the professionalisation process when these passionate players stopped to pursue career in competitive gaming, they stayed with the industry and developed value chains in game publishing, athletics, education, media, and regulations.