bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of a Pr4+ imidophosphorane complex and the redox chemistry of Nd3+ and Dy3+ complexes
Authors: Rice Natalie T. , Popov Ivan A. , Carlson Rebecca K. , Greer Samuel M. , Boggiano Andrew C. , Stein Benjamin W. , Bacsa John , Batista Enrique R. , Yang Ping , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: April 2022

Tetravalent praseodymium in a homoleptic imidophosphorane complex is identified and characterized in solution via UV-vis-NIR, cyclic voltammetry, theoretical calculations, and X-band EPR.
Generation of dynamic vortices in a microfluidic system incorporating stenosis barrier by tube oscillation
Authors: Thurgood Peter , Chheang Chanly , Needham Scott , Pirogova Elena , Peter Karlheinz , Baratchi Sara , Khoshmanesh Khashayar
Published: April 2022

This work reports a new class of inertial microfluidic systems capable of generating dynamic vortex patterns at low static flow rates via tube oscillation.
Dual control of multi-band resonances with a metal–halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface
Authors: Lu Yuying , Li Tengteng , Yang Maosheng , Yao Haiyun , Liang Lanju , Yan Xin , Lv Kai Kai , Wang Meng , Yang Qili , Wei Chaoyang , Shao Jianda , Yao Jianquan
Published: April 2022

Here, we report dual control of multi-band Fano resonances with a metal-halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface by lasers and electrical fields through tuning the conductivities of the perovskite film with the highest depth of 197%.
One-pot two-step dithiocarbamylation of styrenes: metal-free stereoselective synthesis of styrenyl dithiocarbamates
Authors: Mondal Manas , Saha Amit
Published: April 2022

Styrenes have been converted into trans-styrenyl dithiocarbamates by a metal-free molecular bromine mediated one-pot two-step protocol. The reaction is an alternative to the β-C–H functionalization of styrenes.
Efficient 6D object pose estimation based on attentive multi‐scale contextual information
Authors: Gao Fang , Sun Qingyi , Li Shaodong , Li Wenbo , Li Yong , Yu Jun , Shuang Feng
Published: April 2022

6D pose estimation has been pervasively applied to various robotic applications, such as service robots, collaborative robots, and unmanned warehouses. However, accurate 6D pose estimation is still a challenge problem due to the complexity of application scenarios caused by illumination changes, occlusion and even truncation between objects, and additional refinement is required for accurate 6D object pose estimation in prior work. Aiming at the efficiency and accuracy of 6D object pose estimation in these complex scenes, this paper presents a novel end‐to‐end network, which effectively utilises the contextual information within a neighbourhood region of each pixel to estimate the 6D object pose from RGB‐D images. Specifically, our network first applies the attention mechanism to extract effective pixel‐wise dense multimodal features, which are then expanded to multi‐scale dense features by integrating pixel‐wise features at different scales for pose estimation. The proposed method is evaluated extensively on the LineMOD and YCB‐Video datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to several state‐of‐the‐art baselines in terms of average point distance and average closest point distance.
Phase‐shifted circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna and application in phased array antennas
Authors: Ishida Masaya , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: April 2022

A phase‐shifted circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna (PS‐CP‐RMSA), which can switch between three different phases, is proposed. The phase of a circularly polarised antenna can be shifted by changing the angle of rotation. Taking advantage of this property, the proposed PS‐CP‐RMSA comprises a circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna (CP‐RMSA) with three groups of feed lines and perturbation elements; phase shift can be achieved by switching their groups. Thus, the phase of a circularly polarised antenna can be electronically shifted without phase shifters, which has been difficult in the past. Therefore, the PS‐CP‐RMSA array can perform beam tilt electronically. In this study, PS‐CP‐RMSA and its four‐element array were designed, fabricated, and measured. The maximum circular polarisation gain of the prototype PS‐CP‐RMSA was 6.3 dBic with an axial ratio of 1.1 dB at 5.7 GHz. The maximum gain of the boresight directional beam of the four‐element array was 11.3 dBic with an axial ratio of 0.4 dB at 5.67 GHz. The proposed antenna can be a candidate for a new beam‐control method for array antennas.
A novel broadband circularly polarised waveguide slot array antenna with a wide axial ratio bandwidth
Authors: Wang Hai , Lei Xue , Duan Tiandong , Li Tianpeng , Zhao Ming‐yang , Gao Jun , Wang Xinren
Published: April 2022

In this study, a novel broadband circularly polarised waveguide slot array antenna with a wide axial ratio bandwidth is designed. The circular polariser is excited by the waveguide radiation linear polarised antenna, whose end is bent by 90° and generates a circularly polarised electric field. The matching waveguide between the slot and the polariser improves impedance matching. Furthermore, the structure with the added waveguide changes waveguide impedance, which can be used to realise impedance matching, and reduces the spacing between the units. In this study, a 4 × 4 antenna array is fabricated. The measured results reveal that the array achieves −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 27% (11.15–14.63 GHz) and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 23% (11.48–14.52 GHz). An aperture efficiency higher than 71% is obtained, with the maximum gain of 22 dB. The antenna side lobes levels are less than −13 dB in the operating bandwidth.
Parallel kernel solver of an FPGA‐based real‐time simulator for active distribution networks
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Xin , Wang Zhiying , Fu Xiaopeng , Fu Hao , Wang Kun
Published: April 2022

Field‐programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based real‐time simulators are often applied in simulations of active distribution networks (ADNs) because of their parallel architectures and low cost. The overall performance of an FPGA‐based real‐time simulator is mainly determined by its kernel solver, which solves the nodal equation at each simulation time step. With the increasing scale of ADNs, real‐time simulations of fast switching dynamics, along with limited computation hardware, have increased the requirements of the solver in terms of both time and resource consumption. In this study, a highly parallel kernel solver is proposed to improve the simulation efficiency of the FPGA‐based real‐time simulator. The multi‐level parallel design and its implementation, including the parallelism at the system and module and element levels, are presented in detail. A modified IEEE 123‐node system with distributed photovoltaics (PVs) is then simulated using a three‐FPGA‐based real‐time simulator. Simulation results are compared with the commercial simulation tool PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the proposed kernel solver.
Gas disk interactions, tides and relativistic effects in the rocky planet formation at the substellar mass limit
Authors: Sánchez Mariana B. , de Elía Gonzalo C. , Downes Juan José
Published: April 2022

Context. The confirmed exoplanet population around very low mass stars is increasing considerable through data from the latest space missions and improvements in ground-based observations, particularly with the detection of Earth-like planets in the habitable zones. However, theoretical models need to improve in the study of planet formation and evolution around low-mass hosts.

Aims. Our main goal is to study the formation of rocky planets and the first 100 Myr of their dynamical evolution around a star with a mass of 0.08 M⊙, which is close to the substellar mass limit.

Methods. We developed two sets of N-body simulations assuming an embryo population affected by tidal and general relativistic effects, refined by the inclusion of the spin-up and contraction of the central star. This population is immersed in a gas disk during the first 10 Myr. Each set of simulations incorporated a different prescription from the literature to calculate the interaction between the gas-disk and the embryos: one widely used prescription which is based on results from hydrodynamics simulations, and a recent prescription that is based on the analytic treatment of dynamical friction.

Results. We found that in a standard disk model, the dynamical evolution and the final architectures of the resulting rocky planets are strongly related with the prescription used to treat the interaction within the gas and the embryos. Its impact on the resulting close-in planet population and particularly on those planets that are located inside the habitable zone is particularly strong.

Conclusions. The distribution of the period ratio of adjacent confirmed exoplanets observed around very low mass stars and brown dwarfs and the exoplanets that we obtained from our simulations agrees well only when the prescription based on dynamical friction for gas-embryo interaction was used. Our results also reproduce a close-in planet population of interest that is located inside the habitable zone. A fraction of these planets will be exposed for a long period of time to the stellar irradiation inside the inner edge of the evolving habitable zone until the zone reaches them.
Diagnostik und Therapie aus der Patientenperspektive - PROMs in der Chirurgie
Authors: Kostuj Tanja , Niemeyer Anna
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung/Abstract

Die zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnenden Patient reported Outcome and Experience Measures (PROMs/PREMs) können in allen chirurgischen Disziplinen zusätzlich zu den klassischen harten
Endpunkten wie z. B. Überlebenskurven und Implantatestandzeiten wichtige Informationen zu Qualitätsindikatoren oder Entscheidungshilfen zu konkurrierenden Therapieverfahren liefern. Dies
gilt ebenso für die Evaluation neuer Therapiekonzepte wie für Vergleiche klassisch offener Zugangswege und minimalinvasiver bzw. endoskopischer Verfahren z. B. im Hinblick auf geringere
Zugangsmorbidität und schnellere Rehabilitation vs. höherem Komplikationsrisiko, aber auch der Risiko-Nutzen-Bewertung der Verlängerung der Lebenszeit einerseits auf Kosten einer
Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität andererseits.

Diesem Zusatznutzen steht ein notwendiger Ressourceneinsatz (Personal- und Sachkosten für Postversand oder für eine Onlineerhebung in Form von Entwicklungs-, Bereitstellungs- oder Lizenz-
und Servicekosten) gegenüber, der sich nur bedingt beeinflussen lässt (z. B. Portokosten für eine Vollerhebung vs. repräsentative Stichprobe). Die zentrale Voraussetzung für den
erfolgreichen Einsatz von PROMs und PREMs ist jedoch, dass geeignete, sprachlich und inhaltlich validierte Erhebungsinstrumente verfügbar sind oder durch einen Validierungsprozess zur
Verfügung gestellt werden können.

Für den Einsatz von PROMs bei konkurrierenden Therapieansätzen findet sich bereits eine Reihe von Beispielen, die wertvolle Unterstützung bieten und sich im Klinikalltag etabliert haben. So
können sie bei belastenden Therapieansätze in der chirurgischen Tumortherapie bei Entscheidungen über ein verbessertes Überleben bei starker Belastung vs. dem Erhalt oder sogar Zugewinn an
Lebensqualität unterstützen. In der onkologischen Mammachirurgie steht die Lebensqualität bei brusterhaltendem Vorgehen häufig der Überlebenszeit bezogen auf das TU-Stadium bei Ablation
gegenüber. Ebenso gilt es bei Prostatakarzinompatienten, immer wieder zwischen invasiver Therapie und Verlaufsbeobachtung (Überleben vs. Inkontinenz und Potenzstörungen) zu entscheiden. In
der Orthopädie/Unfallchirurgie gibt es bei einer Reihe von Eingriffen häufig eine Alternative, z. B. Sprunggelenkendoprothesen vs. Arthrodesen oder inverse Schulterprothesen vs.
Osteosynthese bei schultergelenknahen Humerusfrakturen.

Aber auch bei der Evaluation neuer Therapiekonzepte (z. B. der subjektive Aspekt einer früheren Wiedererlangung der Selbstständigkeit durch Einführung neuer Nachbehandlungskonzepte/sog.
Fast-Track-Reha) sind PROMs und PREMS wichtige Werkzeuge.
Das Ampullenkarzinom – prognostische und therapeutische Unterschiede zum duktalen Adenokarzinom des Pankreas
Authors: Giehl-Brown Esther , Weitz Jürgen , Distler Marius
Published: April 2022

Das Ampullenkarzinom stellt eine seltene, jedoch in seiner Inzidenz steigende Entität gastrointestinaler Tumoren dar. Aufgrund der anatomischen Lokalisation führt es vergleichsweise früh im
Erkrankungsprozess zu einer biliären Gangobstruktion, wodurch eine schnellere Diagnosestellung erleichtert und eine bessere Prognose bedingt werden. Adenome der Ampulla hepatopancreatica und
der Papilla duodeni major stellen Vorläuferläsionen des Ampullenkarzinoms dar und besitzen ein 30–40%iges Risiko zur malignen Transformation. Diese Entartungstendenz begründet die
Notwendigkeit zur vollständigen/kompletten Abtragung im Rahmen der endoskopischen Therapie. Der Erfolg der endoskopischen Papillektomie wird durch eine Ausdehnung des Befundes in den
Pankreashauptgang oder Ductus choledochus erschwert. Endoskopisch nicht sanierbare Adenome und Ampullenkarzinome stellen Indikationen für chirurgische Therapieverfahren dar. Grundsätzlich
sollte für benigne Befunde die transduodenale Papillenresektion bervorzugt werden, für maligne Befunde stellt die Pankreaskopfresektion mit systematischer Lymphadenektomie und
Level-II-Dissektion des Mesopankreas die onkologisch korrekte Operation dar. Prognostische Faktoren beim Ampullenkarzinom sind: der pankreatobiliäre Subtyp, eine Lymphknoteninfiltration und
eine Perineuralscheideninvasion. Die Differenzierung in histopathologische Subtypen gewinnt zunehmend in der Indikationsstellung zur Systemtherapie an Bedeutung. Der Einsatz der
neoadjuvanten und adjuvanten Therapie für das Ampullenkarzinom konnte bisher nicht klar definiert werden. Jedoch scheinen Patienten mit dem pankreatobiliären Subtyp oder anderen
prognoselimitierenden Faktoren von einer adjuvanten Therapie zu profitieren. Zukünftige Studien werden zur zielgerichteten Therapiefestlegung benötigt.
Die Expression des prostataspezifischen Membranantigens (PSMA) beim Mammakarzinom
Authors: Unger Clara , Bronsert Peter , Michalski Kerstin , Bicker Anna , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Das prostataspezifische Membranantigen (PSMA) ist für Mammakarzinompatientinnen ein vielversprechendes Protein. Es wurde bisher nicht nur beim Prostatakarzinom nachgewiesen, sondern wird auch von den Tumor- sowie Endothelzellen der Tumorgefäße des Mammakarzinoms exprimiert. Das PSMA hat eine Rolle bei der Tumorprogression und Neubildung von Gefäßen. Deshalb wurden bereits viele PSMA-gerichtete diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahren entwickelt.

Methode Diese Arbeit ist eine allgemeine und gegliederte Übersicht über das PSMA und dessen onkogenetisches Potenzial, mit dem Fokus auf dessen Rolle beim Mammakarzinom. Für dieses narrative Review wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche via PubMed und der Bibliothek des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg angefertigt. Hierbei wurden folgende Schlüsselwörter verwendet: „PSMA“, „PSMA and breast cancer“, „PSMA PET/CT“, „PSMA tumor progression“. Relevante Artikel wurden explizit durchgelesen, bearbeitet und zusammengefasst.

Schlussfolgerung Das PSMA könnte, insbesondere beim triple-negativen Mammakarzinom, eine neue diagnostische und therapeutische Alternative darstellen. Es scheint ein möglicher prädiktiver und prognostischer Marker zu sein.
Effect of motion profile shape on energy extraction performance of flapping foil
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wu Fan , Mei Ziyue , Shi Rui , Xie Danmei
Published: April 2022

Low-grade flow energy possesses large reserve and wide distribution in environment, but is far from fully exploited due to high cost when using traditional rotary convertors. Flapping foil can effectively extract flow energy with large span-chord ratio at the low Reynolds number and, thus, may find its application in low-grade flow energy conversion. The motion profiles are the key factors that determine its energy extraction performance. Although massive works have been devoted to optimize its motion parameters, the limit of its performance is still not clear. We developed a more flexible method to describe its motion profile to further approach its theoretical limiting performance. It is demonstrated that the spline motion profile is so flexible that it can cover sinusoidal and some non-sinusoidal motion profiles. This flexibility provides the possibility of much more complicated profile shape and, thus, better energy extraction performance. The spline motion profile obtains 11% and 7% performance improvement compared to sinusoidal and other non-sinusoidal motions, respectively. We achieved a maximum efficiency of 37.3% with a spline controlled motion profile at a low Reynolds number of 1100. Although this efficiency is, indeed, not the limiting performance at this Reynolds number, this work provides a new method approaching the theoretical limiting performance.
Anticipation and timing of turn-taking in dialogue interpreting
Authors: Vranjes Jelena , Oben Bert
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of an exploratory study on the timing of turn-taking in face-to-face dialogue
interpreting based on a corpus of interpreted interactions that were recorded with mobile eye-trackers. Our aims were to: (1)
investigate the timing of interpreters’ turns in dialogic interaction; and (2) identify features that have an impact on
interpreters’ turn-taking speed. These include input processing factors (including turn type and turn duration) and gaze, which
have been shown to play an important role in turn-taking. The analysis shows that, although interpreters in our study tend to
orient to the maxim ‘one speaker at a time’, turn transitions between the primary speaker and the interpreter contain more gaps
and longer overlaps than have been found for same-language interactions. It also shows that the type of turn produced by the
primary speaker (question vs. non-question), the primary speaker’s speech rate, and, to a certain extent, turn duration affect the
interpreter’s turn-taking speed. Thus, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the processes that impact the
timing of turn-taking in face-to-face dialogue interpreting.
Classical double copy at null infinity
Authors: Adamo Tim , Kol Uri
Published: April 2022

We give two double copy prescriptions which construct asymptotically flat solutions in gravity from asymptotically flat gauge fields. The first prescription applies to radiative fields, which are non-linear vacuum solutions determined by characteristic data at null infinity. For any two such radiative gauge fields (linear or non-linear), the characteristic data of a radiative metric, dilaton and axion is constructed by a simple ‘squaring’ procedure, giving a classical double copy at the level of radiation fields. We demonstrate the procedure with several examples where the characteristic data can be explicitly integrated; for linear fields this also sheds light on the twistorial description of Weyl double copy. Our second prescription applies to all asymptotically flat fields at the level of their asymptotic equations of motion: we give a map between any solution of the asymptotic Maxwell equations and any solution of the asymptotic Einstein equations at null infinity. This also extends to the asymptotic charges and their duals, preserves the soft and hard sectors between gauge theory and gravity, and is related to the usual notion of double copy in scattering amplitudes.
Carrollian manifolds and null infinity: a view from Cartan geometry
Authors: Herfray Yannick
Published: April 2022

We discuss three different (conformally) Carrollian geometries and their relation to null infinity from the unifying perspective of Cartan geometry. Null infinity per se comes with numerous redundancies in its intrinsic geometry and the two other Carrollian geometries can be recovered by making successive choices of gauge. This clarifies the extent to which one can think of null infinity as being a (strongly) Carrollian geometry and we investigate the implications for the corresponding Cartan geometries. The perspective taken, which is that characteristic data for gravity at null infinity are equivalent to a Cartan geometry for the Poincaré group, gives a precise geometrical content to the fundamental fact that ‘gravitational radiation is the obstruction to having the Poincaré group as asymptotic symmetries’.
Increasing stability in the linearized inverse Schrödinger potential problem with power type nonlinearities*
Authors: Lu Shuai , Salo Mikko , Xu Boxi
Published: April 2022

We consider increasing stability in the inverse Schrödinger potential problem with power type nonlinearities at a large wavenumber. Two linearization approaches, with respect to small boundary data and small potential function, are proposed and their performance on the inverse Schrödinger potential problem is investigated. It can be observed that higher order linearization for small boundary data can provide an increasing stability for an arbitrary power type nonlinearity term if the wavenumber is chosen large. Meanwhile, linearization with respect to the potential function leads to increasing stability for a quadratic nonlinearity term, which highlights the advantage of nonlinearity in solving the inverse Schrödinger potential problem. Noticing that both linearization approaches can be numerically approximated, we provide several reconstruction algorithms for the quadratic and general power type nonlinearity terms, where one of these algorithms is designed based on boundary measurements of multiple wavenumbers. Several numerical examples shed light on the efficiency of our proposed algorithms.
Fast, high precision dynamics in quantum optimal control theory
Authors: Dalgaard Mogens , Motzoi Felix
Published: April 2022

Quantum optimal control theory is becoming increasingly crucial as quantum devices become more precise, but the need to quickly optimize these systems classically remains a significant bottleneck in their operation. Here we present a new theoretical quantum control framework for much faster optimization than the state of the art by replacing standard time propagation with a product of short-time propagators, each calculated using the Magnus expansion. The derived formulas for exact series terms and their gradients, based on earlier approximate integrals in a simulation setting, allow us to subsume the high cost of calculating commutators and integrals as an initial overhead. This provides an order of magnitude speedup for quantum control optimization.
Re-analysis of radiative capture11C(p, γ)12N at low energy
Authors: Kabir Abdul , Irgaziev B. F. , Nabi Jameel-Un , Sagheer Sumair
Published: April 2022

Within the framework of the modified potential model, we computed the astrophysical S-factor of the proton radiative capture p + 11C → 12N + γ. At energies bearing astrophysical importance, radiative capture is a key process in the spectroscopic study of 12N. In this work, we consider the radiative capture cross-section for the proton capture by 11C within the framework of the potential model. For the possible electric and magnetic dipole transitions, we computed the partial components of the astrophysical S-factor within the energy range E = (0.01–0.8) MeV. The computed value of the S-factor at zero energy shows satisfactory agreement with the reported results. Furthermore, we computed the radiative capture rates for the selected reaction, which shows a better comparison with the reported data.
Neutron powder-diffraction study of phase transitions in strontium-doped bismuth ferrite: 1. Variation with chemical composition
Authors: Ma Zhengzheng , Tan Lei , Huang Haijun , He Lunhua , Chen Jie , Lu Huaile , Deng Sihao , Yin Wen , Zhang Junrong , Tian Haolai , Du Rong , Arnold Donna C , Phillips Anthony E , Dove Martin T
Published: April 2022

We report results from a study of the crystal and magnetic structures of strontium-doped BiFeO3 using neutron powder diffraction and the Rietveld method. Measurements were obtained over a wide range of temperatures from 300–800 K for compositions between 10%–16% replacement of bismuth by strontium. The results show a clear variation of the two main structural deformations—symmetry-breaking rotations of the FeO6 octahedra and polar ionic displacements that give ferroelectricity—with chemical composition, but relatively little variation with temperature. On the other hand, the antiferromagnetic order shows a variation with temperature and a second-order phase transition consistent with the classical Heisenberg model. There is, however, very little variation in the behaviour of the antiferromagnetism with chemical composition, and hence with the degree of the structural symmetry-breaking distortions. We therefore conclude that there is no significant coupling between antiferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in Sr-doped BiFeO3 and, by extension, in pure BiFeO3.
Dynamical polarization, optical conductivity and plasmon mode of a linear triple component fermionic system
Authors: Dey Bashab , Ghosh Tarun Kanti
Published: April 2022

We investigate the density and optical responses of a linear triple component fermionic system in both non-interacting and interacting regimes by computing its dynamical polarization function, random phase approximation dielectric function, plasmon mode and long wavelength optical conductivity and compare the results with those of Weyl fermions and three-dimensional free electron gas. Linear triple component fermions are pseudospin-1 generalization of Weyl fermions, consisting of two linearly dispersive bands and a flat band. The presence of flat band brings about notable modifications in the response properties with respect to Weyl fermions such as induction of a new region in the particle–hole continuum, increased static polarization, reduced plasmon gap, shift in absorption edge, enhanced rate of increase in energy absorption with frequency and highly suppressed intercone transitions in the long wavelength limit. The plasmon dispersion follows the usual ω ∼ ω
0 + ω
1
q
2 nature as observed in other three-dimensional systems.
Broadband photoresponse arising from photo-bolometric effect in quasi-one-dimensional Ta2Ni3Se8
Authors: Zhen W L , Miao W T , Zhu W L , Zhang C J , Zhu W K
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we report the synthesis of high-quality Ta2Ni3Se8crystals free of noble or toxic elements and the fabrication and testing of photodetectors on the wire samples. A broadband photoresponse from 405 nm to 1550 nm is observed, along with performance parameters including relatively high photoresponsivity (10 mA W−1) and specific detectivity (3.5 × 107Jones) and comparably short response time (τrise= 433 ms,τdecay= 372 ms) for 1064 nm, 0.5 V bias and 1.352 mW mm−2. Through extensive measurement and analysis, it is determined that the dominant mechanism for photocurrent generation is the photo-bolometric effect, which is believed to be responsible for the very broad spectral detection capability. More importantly, the pronounced response to 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths manifests its promising applications in optical communications. Considering the quasi-one-dimensional structure with layered texture, the potential to build nanodevices on Ta2Ni3Se8makes it even more important in future electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Development of chipscale InGaN RGB displays using strain-relaxed nanosphere-defined nanopillars
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Choi Hoi Wai
Published: April 2022

Chip-scale red, green and blue (RGB) light emission on an InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well wafer adopting a top-down fabrication approach is demonstrated in this study, facilitated by shadow-masked nanosphere lithography for precise site-controlled nano-patterning. Exploiting the strain relaxation mechanism by fabricating arrays of nanosphere-defined nanopillars of two different dimensions utilizing a sequential shadow-masked nanosphere coating approach into the blue and green light-emitting pixel regions on a red-light emitting InGaN/GaN wafer, RGB light emission from a monolithic chip is demonstrated. The micro-sized RGB light-emitting pixels emit at 645 nm–680 nm, 510 nm–521 nm and 475 nm–498 nm respectively, achieving a maximum color gamut of 60% NTSC and 72% sRGB. Dimensional fluctuations of the nanopillars of 73% and 71% for the green and blue light-emitting pixels, respectively, are estimated from scanning electron microscope images of the fabricated device, corresponding to fluctuations in spectral blue-shifts of 5.4 nm and 21.2 nm as estimated by strain-coupled k · p Schrödinger calculations, consistent with observations from micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) mapping which shows deviations of emission wavelengths for the RGB light-emitting pixels to be 8.9 nm, 14.9 nm and 23.7 nm, respectively. The RGB pixels are also configured in a matrix-addressable configuration to form an RGB microdisplay, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach towards chip-scale color displays.
Biochar microtube interconnected hydrotalcite nanosheets for the adsorption of aqueous Sb(III)
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Xie Nianyi , Guo Ying , Guo Rongxiu , Jiang Tong , Wang Yao , Wang Yiming , Niu Dun , Qi Yang , Sun Hong-bin
Published: April 2022

Actuated by the non-ionic heavy metal of antimony (Sb) contaminants with undesired toxicity to the environment and human health, capturing Sb is urgent to remedy contaminated water. Herein, the lamellar MnCo hydrotalcite was grown on catkin-derived biochar through the in situ etching of ZIF-L to construct a hierarchical microtube@nanosheet hybrid (CLMH) for Sb immobilization. The adsorption behaviour and mechanism of trivalent antimony (Sb (III)) on the CLMH were investigated. The CLMH shows good pH applicability for capturing Sb(III) at pH from 2 to 9. The excellent adsorption capacity of CLMH for Sb(III) is 247.62 mg g−1 at 303 K, and the endothermic process is proved by the positive value of Δ

H

0

(10.54 kJ mol−1). The adsorption process is fitted with the intra-particle diffusion model, which can be described with external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion in pores, and equilibrium stage. The adsorption mechanism is proved, which includes the bind of Metal–O–Sb bonds by inner-sphere complex, the embedding of Sb in the intercalation of hydrotalcite, redox between Mn and Sb, and functional groups dependent anchoring effect. The work benefits the understanding of the antimony removal behaviour over the hierarchical microtube@nanosheet hybrids.
Impact of 1 MeV proton irradiation on InGaAsN solar cells
Authors: Levillayer M , Duzellier S , Massiot I , Arnoult A , Parola S , Rey R , Almuneau G , Artola L
Published: April 2022

The impact of 1 MeV proton irradiation on 1.12 eV bandgap InGaAsN solar cells was studied through device and material characterizations. After a 1013 p+cm−2 proton fluence, the photocurrent decreases by 28%, due to the formation of defects in both the GaAs emitter and the InGaAsN absorber. Furthermore, photoluminescence measurements suggest that the proton radiation hardness of InGaAsN increases with the nitrogen.
Ac losses in field-cooled type I superconducting cavities
Authors: Catelani G , Li K , Axline C J , Brecht T , Frunzio L , Schoelkopf R J , Glazman L I
Published: April 2022

As superconductors are cooled below their critical temperature, stray magnetic flux can become trapped in regions that remain normal. The presence of trapped flux facilitates dissipation of ac current in a superconductor, leading to losses in superconducting elements of microwave devices. In type II superconductors, dissipation is well-understood in terms of the dynamics of vortices hosting a single flux quantum. In contrast, the ac response of type I superconductors with trapped flux has not received much attention. Building on Andreev’s early work (Andreev 1967 Sov. Phys. JETP
24 1019), here we show theoretically that the dominant dissipation mechanism is the absorption of the ac field at the exposed surfaces of the normal regions, while the deformation of the superconducting/normal interfaces is unimportant. We use the developed theory to estimate the degradation of the quality factors in field-cooled cavities, and we satisfactorily compare these theoretical estimates to the measured field dependence of the quality factors of two aluminum cavities. We also identify a regime in which the dissipated power depends weakly on the Ginzburg-Landau parameter; this makes it possible to apply our findings to cavities made of other materials, such as niobium.
Impact of thermal and solute source-sink combination on thermosolutal convection in a partially active porous annulus
Authors: Kemparaju S , Kumara Swamy H A , Sankar M , Mebarek-Oudina F
Published: April 2022

The objective of the current paper is to investigate the thermosolutal flow along with heat and mass dissipation rates in an upright porous annular space subjected to discrete heating and salting along the vertical boundaries with insulated and impermeable horizontal boundaries. To solve the model equations, an implicit finite difference scheme with over relaxation technique has been implemented. The numerical predictions focus specifically on the effect of buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, Darcy number and source-sink arrangements on fluid flow behavior, thermal and solutal characteristics, average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The simulations were performed for an extensive range of dimensionless parameters (−10 ≤ N ≤ 10, 0.1 ≤ Le ≤ 1, 10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−1) by considering two different types of source-sink arrangements and found that the flow circulation strength is maximum with in-line arrangement of source and sink compared to alternative arrangement. Also, we found that in case-I, regardless of Lewis number, the maximum heat and mass dissipation rates takes place through top source during opposing flow, and through bottom source for aided flow. However, in case-II arrangement, irrespective to type of flow, the greater amount of heat and mass transport is found through the bottom source at the inner cylinder compared to top source placed at outer cylinder.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of biaxial strained SnSe from first principles calculations
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wei Wei
Published: April 2022

Biaxial strain effects on the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of the Pnma phase SnSe are investigated by first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. The biaxial strains ε
ab, ε
ac and ε
bc were applied on the ab, ac and bc planes from −6% to 6%, respectively. The band gap decreases under the compressive strains, and increases under the tensile strains except for ε
ab = 6%. The ε
bc can tune the band gap in a large range from 0 eV to 0.88 eV. A semiconductor to metal transition is observed at ε
bc < = −4%. The biaxial strains also influence the electronic band structure of SnSe with Pnma phase. The momentum alignment and energy convergence of the electronic bands induced by the biaxial strains are observed. At ε
ac = −6%, the Pnma SnSe transits from an indirect bandgap to a direct bandgap material. The calculated Seebeck coefficient values for unstrained SnSe are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated results indicate that the biaxial strains ε
ab, ε
ac and ε
bc can improve the Seebeck coefficient S, electrical conductivity σ/τ and power factor PF/τ of the Pnma SnSe. However the biaxial strains have different effects on the three components of these thermoelectric properties along the a, b and c axes. For unstrained SnSe, the PFa/τ of p-type SnSe is the smallest one while the PFa/τ of n-type SnSe is the largest one among the three components of PF/τ at 300 K and 750 K. The PF/τ of n- and p-type SnSe can be significantly enhanced compared with those of the unstrained one for 300 K and 750 K, respectively. These findings indicate that the thermoelectric performance of SnSe used at room temperature and high temperature can be improved by the suitable biaxial strains.
Variational quantum support vector machine based on Hadamard test
Authors: Xu Li , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Liang Jin-Min , Wang Jing , Li Ming , Jian Ling , Shen Shu-qian
Published: April 2022

Classical machine learning algorithms seem to be totally incapable of processing tremendous amounts of data, while quantum machine learning algorithms could deal with big data with ease and provide exponential acceleration over classical counterparts. Meanwhile, variational quantum algorithms are widely proposed to solve relevant computational problems on noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices. In this paper, we apply variational quantum algorithms to quantum support vector machines and demonstrate a proof-of-principle numerical experiment of this algorithm. In addition, in the classification stage, fewer qubits, shorter circuit depth, and simpler measurement requirements show its superiority over the former algorithms.
Formation and termination of runaway beams during vertical displacement events in tokamak disruptions
Authors: Martín-Solís J.R. , Mier J.A. , Lehnen M. , Loarte A.
Published: April 2022

A simple 0D model which mimics the plasma surrounded by the conducting structures (Kiramov and Breizman 2017 Phys. Plasmas
24 100702) and including self-consistently the vertical plasma motion and the generation of runaway electrons during the disruption is used for an assessment of the effect of vertical displacement events on the runaway current formation and termination. The total plasma current and runaway current at the time the plasma hits the wall is estimated and the effect of injecting impurities into the plasma is evaluated. In the case of ITER, with a highly conducting wall, although the total plasma current when the plasma touches the wall is the same for any number of injected impurities, however the fraction of the plasma current carried by runaway electrons can significantly decrease for large enough amounts of impurities. The plasma velocity is larger and the time when the plasma hits the wall shorter for lower runaway currents, which are obtained when larger amounts of impurities are injected. When the plasma reaches the wall, the scraping-off of the runaway beam occurs and the current is terminated. During this phase, the plasma vertical displacement velocity and electric field can substantially increase leading to the deposition of a noticeable amount of energy on the runaway electrons (∼hundreds of MJ). It is found that an early second impurity injection reduces somewhat the amount of energy deposited by the runaways. Also larger temperatures of the companion plasma during the scraping-off might be efficient in reducing the power fluxes due to the runaways onto the PFCs. The plasma reaches the q

a
= 2 limit before the runaway electron current is terminated and by that time the amount of energy deposited on the runaway electrons can be substantially lower than that expected until the beam is fully terminated. Negligible additional conversion of magnetic into runaway kinetic energy is predicted during the runaway deconfinement following the large magnetic fluctuations after q

a
= 2 is crossed for characteristic deconfinement times lower than 0.1 ms which is a characteristic timescale for ideal MHD instabilities to develop.
Dependence of the boundary heat flux width on core and edge profiles in Alcator C-Mod
Authors: Ballinger S.B. , Brunner D. , Hubbard A.E. , Hughes J.W. , Kuang A.Q. , LaBombard B. , Terry J.L. , White A.E.
Published: April 2022

This work presents new evidence that the heat flux width, λ

q
, in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak scales with the edge electron pressure, as observed in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak (Silvagni et al 2020 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
62 045015), but the scaling with volume-averaged pressure,

p

¯

, from the plasma stored energy, found by Brunner et al (2018 Nucl. Fusion
58 094002), is a better predictor of λ

q
in Alcator C-Mod than the edge electron pressure. These previous studies, which find that λ

q
decreases with increasing plasma pressure, imply that a high performance core at high pressure will lead to challenging heat and particle exhaust due to very small λ

q
. This concern has led to our significant enlargement of the C-Mod database with the electron density, temperature, and pressure profile data from the Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission diagnostics. Using the C-Mod database augmented with new profile data, we find that λ

q
decreases with increasing edge electron pressure as

λ

q

∝

p

e
,
95

−
0.26

, similar to results from AUG, and showing the strength of cross-machine comparisons. We also find that

λ

q

∝

p

e
,
c
o
r
e

−
0.56

, consistent with the original finding from C-Mod that the heat flux width scales as

p

¯

−
0.48

(Brunner et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion
58 094002). The scalings of λ

q
with separatrix pressure and gradient scale length are found to match the AUG results qualitatively. The C-Mod scalings with edge plasma quantities have more scatter than the

p

¯

scaling, and, importantly, show different trends for H-modes relative to L- and I-mode. Investigating the source of this discrepancy presents an opportunity for further study that may improve our ability to predict the heat flux width in different confinement scenarios in the pursuit of optimizing core-edge performance in future reactors.
Changes of breath volatile organic compounds in healthy volunteers following segmental and inhalation endotoxin challenge
Authors: Holz Olaf , van Vorstenbosch Robert , Guenther Frank , Schuchardt Sven , Trinkmann Frederik , van Schooten Frederik-Jan , Smolinska Agnieszka , Hohlfeld Jens M
Published: April 2022

It is still unclear how airway inflammation affects the breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile in exhaled air. We therefore analyzed breath following well-defined pulmonary endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) challenges. Breath was collected from ten healthy non-smoking subjects at eight time points before and after segmental and whole lung LPS inhalation challenge. Four Tenax-TA® adsorption tubes were simultaneously loaded from an aluminum reservoir cylinder and independently analyzed by two research groups using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Airway inflammation was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in sputum after segmental and inhaled LPS challenge, respectively. Segmental LPS challenge significantly increased the median (interquartile range, IQR) percentage of neutrophils in BAL from 3.0 (4.2) % to 64.0 (7.3) %. The inhalation challenge increased sputum neutrophils from 33.9 (26.8) % to 78.3 (13.5) %. We observed increases in breath aldehydes at both time points after segmental and inhaled LPS challenge. These results were confirmed by an independent laboratory. The longitudinal breath analysis also revealed distinct VOC patterns related to environmental exposures, clinical procedures, and to metabolic changes after food intake. Changes in breath aldehydes suggest a relationship to LPS induced inflammation compatible with lipid peroxidation processes within the lung. Findings from our longitudinal data highlight the need for future studies to better consider the potential impact of the multiple VOCs from detergents, hygiene or lifestyle products a subject is continuously exposed to. We suspect that this very individual ‘owncloud’ exposure is contributing to an increased variability of breath aldehydes, which might limit a use as inflammatory markers in daily clinical practice.
Studies on passively Q-switched ytterbium doped all-fiber laser using fiber optic ring resonator
Authors: Gupta Pradeep K , Singh C P , Mukhopadhyay P K , Bindra K S
Published: April 2022

We report our studies on ytterbium doped fiber laser passively Q-switched by fiber optic ring resonator in all-fiber format. The Q-switched laser characteristics viz. pulse duration, pulse profile, repetition rate and average power are easily varied not only by pump power but also by changing the polarization state of light inside the laser resonator with the help of polarization controllers. At 330 mW pump power, the laser generates 1.07 μs duration pulses with 0.68 μJ pulse energy at 83.6 kHz repetition rate. The Q-switched laser wavelength is tunable from 1059 to 1069.7 nm by changing the polarization state inside the cavity.
Analyzing imprecise graphene foam resistance data
Authors: Afzal Usama , Aslam Muhammad , AL-Marshadi Ali Hussein
Published: April 2022

3D graphene foam is the main aim of this research work. Graphene foam is synthesized on the Ni-foam by the CVD technique. The graphene foam has been characterized by XRD, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy and BET techniques. The resistance of graphene foam with a variance of temperature has been measured through an LCR meter and has been analyzed with classical and neutrosophic analysis. As a result, it is seen that graphene foam is expressing both conductor and semiconductor electric properties and also it is observed that neutrosophic analysis is more flexible to analyze the resistance of graphene foam.
Temporal characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural carbon emission in Jiangxi province of China
Authors: Xiaobing Huang , Shiqi Gao
Published: April 2022

As a large agricultural country, China should pay more attention to the carbon emission in agriculture in the context of achieving the goal of ‘peak carbon and carbon neutrality’. This paper measures the agricultural carbon emissions and analyzes its temporal characteristics in Jiangxi from 2000 to 2019, examines the influencing factors using Kaya’s constant equation. The study shows that: (1) from 2000 to 2019, Jiangxi’s agricultural carbon emissions show a general upward trend, but the growth rate tends to slow down gradually; (2) the factors of agricultural production efficiency, agricultural industrial structure and agricultural labor force have a negative driving effect on carbon emissions, while the factors of agricultural economic development and urbanization level have a positive driving effect on agricultural carbon emissions.
Computational prediction of thermoelectric properties of 2D materials
Authors: Kaur Kulwinder , Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Dhiman Shobhna , Sharopov Utkir Bahodirovich , Singh Jaspal
Published: April 2022

In low dimensional materials, the conversion of thermal to electrical energy via thermoelectric devices gained much more attention when a ZT > 5 was reported in metastable Fe2V0.8W0.2Al thin film (2019 Nature
576 85). In this brief review, we tried to describe the underlying physics of nanostructured thermoelectric materials accompanied by the introduction to enhance the efficiency of energy conversion from one form to another. From this determination, we select the two dimensional (AB type) materials such as ScX (X = P, As), SiX (X = S, Se, N, P, As, Sb, Bi), GeX (X = S, Se, Te), SnX (X = S, Se, Te) and BX (X = S, Se, Te) etc. Different theoretical methods have also been mentioned to study the intrinsic thermoelectric properties which might help in searching experimentally the new and promising thermoelectric materials. We explore the thermoelectric parameters such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity by using density functional theory, Boltzmann transport theory with constant relaxation time approximation and non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. Reduced dimensions potentially expand the thermoelectric efficiency by enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and decrease the thermal conductivity. Theoretical calculations thus recommend the stimulation of the two-dimensional (2D) materials with experimental capabilities in designing and improving the thermoelectric performances.