bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of O-glycosylation related genes and subtypes in ulcerative colitis based on machine learning
Authors: Lu Yue , Su Yi , Wang Nan , Li Dongyue , Zhang Huichao , Xu Hongyu
Published: December 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-related inflammatory bowel disease, with its underlying mechanisms being a central area of clinical research. O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in regulating immunity progression and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases and tumors. Yet, the mechanism of O-GlcNAc-associated colitis remains to be elucidated. To this end, the transcriptional and clinical data of GSE75214 and GSE92415 from the GEO database was hereby examined, and genes MUC1, ADAMTS1, GXYLT2, and SEMA5A were found to be significantly related to O-GlcNAcylation using machine learning methods. Based on the four hub genes, two UC subtypes were built. Notably, subtype B might be prone to developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). This study delved into the role of intestinal glycosylation changes, especially the O-GlcNAcylation, and forged a foundation for further research on the occurrence and development of UC. Overall, understanding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in UC could have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment, offering valuable insights into the disease’s progression.
The safe development paradox of the United States regulatory floodplain
Authors: Sanchez Georgina M. , Lawrimore Margaret A. , Petrasova Anna , Vogler John B. , Collins Elyssa L. , Petras Vaclav , Harper Truffaut , Butzler Emma J. , Meentemeyer Ross K.
Published: December 2024

In the United States, requirements for flood insurance, development restrictions, and federal buyout program eligibility rely on regulatory designation of hazardous zones, i.e., inside or outside the 100-year floodplain. Extensive research has investigated floodplain development patterns across different geographies, times, and scales, yet the impacts, and potential unintended consequences, of floodplain policies beyond their boundaries have not been empirically examined. We posit that the regulatory 100-year floodplain presents a “safe development paradox”, whereby attempts to reduce flood risk paradoxically intensifies it by promoting development in and near flood-prone areas. We conducted the first comprehensive national assessment of historical and future development patterns related to the regulatory 100-year floodplain, examining the spatial distribution of developed land within increasingly distant 250-m zones from floodplain boundaries. We found a disproportionate concentration of developed land (24% or 89,080 km2 of developed land by 2019) in zones immediately adjacent to the floodplain, a trend observed at the national, state, and county levels. Nationwide projections suggest that approximately 22% of all anticipated growth from 2020 to 2060 is likely to occur within 250 m from the 100-year floodplain, equivalent to 6,900 km2 of new development (SD = 2,842 km2). Understanding and anticipating the influence of flood management policies on current and future land use decisions is crucial for effective planning and mitigation strategies.
Citrate-modified bacterial cellulose as a potential scaffolding material for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Salihu Rabiu , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan , Sani Mohd Helmi , Wsoo Mohammed Ahmad , Zawawi Nurliyana Ahmad , Shahir Shafinaz
Published: December 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a novel biocompatible polymeric biomaterial with a wide range of biomedical uses, like tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, wound dressings, and drug delivery. Although BC lacks good cell adhesion due to limited functionality, its tunable surface chemistry still holds promise. Here, hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into a citrate-modified BC (MBC) using the biomimetic synthesis in simulated body fluid (SBF). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and compressive modulus were used to characterize the biomineralized MBC (BMBC) samples. Using 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium (MTS), trypan blue dye exclusion (TBDE), and cell attachment assays on osteoblast cells, the developed BMBC have shown good cell viability, proliferation, and attachment after 3, 5, and 7 days of culture and therefore suggested as potential bone tissue regeneration scaffolding material.
Unveiling the endogenous CRISPR-Cas system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Delgado-Nungaray Javier Alejandro , Figueroa-Yáñez Luis Joel , Reynaga-Delgado Eire , Corona-España Ana Montserrat , Gonzalez-Reynoso Orfil
Published: December 2024

Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a high-priority pathogen per the World Health Organization, poses a global threat due to carbapenem resistance and limited antibiotic treatments. Using the bioinformatic tools CRISPRCasFinder, CRISPRCasTyper, CRISPRloci, and CRISPRImmunity, we analyzed the genome of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and revealed an orphan CRISPR system, suggesting it may be a remnant of a type IV system due to the presence of the DinG protein. This system comprises two CRISPR arrays and noteworthy DinG and Cas3 proteins, supporting recent evidence about the association between type IV and I CRISPR systems. Additionally, we demonstrated a co-evolutionary relationship between the orphan CRISPR system in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and the mobile genetic element and prophages identified. One self-targeting spacer was identified, often associated with bacterial evolution and autoimmunity, and no Acr proteins. This research opens avenues for studying how these CRISPR arrays regulate pathogenicity and for developing alternative strategies using its endogenous orphan CRISPR system against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains.
Efficacy of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and low-dose atropine on retarding myopic shift among premyopic preschoolers: Protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yu , Tsai Der-Chong , Yang Yu-Chieh , Wang Chiao-Yu , Lee Chia-Wei , Huang Pei-Wei
Published: December 2024

Background

Myopia has been a rising problem globally. Early-onset myopia significantly increases the risk of high myopia later in life. Despite the proven benefits of increased outdoor time, optimal strategies for preventing early-onset myopia in premyopic children need further investigation.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of optical (Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments [DIMS] spectacle lenses) and pharmacological (0.01% atropine eye drops) interventions in preventing myopia among premyopic preschoolers. We will recruit 234 premyopic, asymptomatic 5-to-6-year-old children who will have received cycloplegic autorefraction examination in a countywide kindergarten eye care program in Yilan County, Taiwan. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to DIMS spectacles (n = 78), 0.01% atropine (n = 78), or usual care (n = 78). In the DIMS group, preschoolers will be instructed to wear spectacles at home before entering elementary school but to wear them all the time after school entry. In the atropine group, subjects will be given 0.01% atropine eyedrops nightly throughout the study period. All participants will be encouraged to spend time outdoors for 2 hours every day. During the 18-month study period, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, axial length, and subfoveal choroidal thickness will be measured every three months, and parents-administered questionnaires regarding risk factors for myopia will be performed every nine months.

Primary outcome

The change in mean cycloplegic SE.

Secondary outcomes

The cumulative percentage of incident myopia, the cumulative percentage of a fast myopic shift of SE, and the changes in mean axial length.

Other pre-specified outcomes

The time to myopia onset, alteration in subfoveal choroidal thickness, and levels of near work/outdoor activities.

Trial registration

This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06200194.

Conclusion

This trial will provide insights into myopia prevention strategies and inform new eye care policies for early identification and intervention in premyopic preschoolers.
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 by M2 macrophages induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Park Joo-Hoo , Shin Jae-Min , Yang Hyun-Woo , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Seung Hoon , Shin Ok Sarah , Park Il-Ho
Published: December 2024

Th2 inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that MMP-12, produced by M2 macrophages, induces EMT in nasal epithelial cells, thereby contributing to airway inflammation and remodeling in CRSwNP. The expression levels of MMP-12 were measured by RT-PCR in CRS nasal mucosa and THP-1 cells. mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, and fibronectin were determined using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining in primary nasal epithelial cells and air-liquid interface culture. The expression of MMP-12 was significantly increased in CRSwNP and M2-like THP-1 cells. In co-culture with primary nasal epithelial cells and M2-like THP-1 cells, E-cadherin expression was inhibited, and fibronectin, vimentin, and α-SMA expression were increased. MMP-12 decreased E-cadherin but induced fibronectin, vimentin, and α-SMA mRNA and protein expression in primary nasal epithelial cells and air-liquid interface culture. MMP408, an MMP-12 inhibitor, inhibited EMT-related factors. These findings suggest that MMP-12 expression in M2 macrophages induces EMT in nasal epithelial cells and may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
Computing nasalance with MFCCs and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lozano Andrés , Nava Enrique , García Méndez María Dolores , Moreno-Torres Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Nasalance is a valuable clinical biomarker for hypernasality. It is computed as the ratio of acoustic energy emitted through the nose to the total energy emitted through the mouth and nose (eNasalance). A new approach is proposed to compute nasalance using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained with Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (mfccNasalance). mfccNasalance is evaluated by examining its accuracy: 1) when the train and test data are from the same or from different dialects; 2) with test data that differs in dynamicity (e.g. rapidly produced diadochokinetic syllables versus short words); and 3) using multiple CNN configurations (i.e. kernel shape and use of 1 × 1 pointwise convolution). Dual-channel Nasometer speech data from healthy speakers from different dialects: Costa Rica, more(+) nasal, Spain and Chile, less(-) nasal, are recorded. The input to the CNN models were sequences of 39 MFCC vectors computed from 250 ms moving windows. The test data were recorded in Spain and included short words (-dynamic), sentences (+dynamic), and diadochokinetic syllables (+dynamic). The accuracy of a CNN model was defined as the Spearman correlation between the mfccNasalance for that model and the perceptual nasality scores of human experts. In the same-dialect condition, mfccNasalance was more accurate than eNasalance independently of the CNN configuration; using a 1 × 1 kernel resulted in increased accuracy for +dynamic utterances (p < .000), though not for -dynamic utterances. The kernel shape had a significant impact for -dynamic utterances (p < .000) exclusively. In the different-dialect condition, the scores were significantly less accurate than in the same-dialect condition, particularly for Costa Rica trained models. We conclude that mfccNasalance is a flexible and useful alternative to eNasalance. Future studies should explore how to optimize mfccNasalance by selecting the most adequate CNN model as a function of the dynamicity of the target speech data.
Mechanism of connexin channel inhibition by mefloquine and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
Authors: Lavriha Pia , Han Yufei , Ding Xinyue , Schuster Dina , Qi Chao , Vaithia Anand , Picotti Paola , Korkhov Volodymyr M.
Published: December 2024

Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between two adjacent cells involves direct exchange of cytosolic ions and small molecules via connexin gap junction channels (GJCs). Connexin GJCs have emerged as drug targets, with small molecule connexin inhibitors considered a viable therapeutic strategy in several diseases. The molecular mechanisms of GJC inhibition by known small molecule connexin inhibitors remain unknown, preventing the development of more potent and connexin-specific therapeutics. Here we show that two GJC inhibitors, mefloquine (MFQ) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) bind to Cx32 and block dye permeation across Cx32 hemichannels (HCs) and GJCs. Cryo-EM analysis shows that 2APB binds to “site A”, close to the N-terminal gating helix of Cx32 GJC, restricting the entrance to the channel pore. In contrast, MFQ binds to a distinct “site M”, deeply buried within the pore. MFQ binding to this site modifies the electrostatic properties of Cx32 pore. Mutagenesis of V37, a key residue located in the site M, renders Cx32 HCs and GJCs insensitive to MFQ-mediated inhibition. Moreover, our cryo-EM analysis, mutagenesis and activity assays show that MFQ targets the M site in Cx43 GJC similarly to Cx32. Taken together, our results point to a conserved inhibitor binding site in connexin channels, opening a new route for development of specific drugs targeting connexins.
Environmental drivers of stream metabolism in a middle TN headwater stream
Authors: Chen Ming , Ayers John C.
Published: December 2024

Monitoring the seasonal and diurnal variations in headwater stream metabolic regimes can provide critical information for understanding how ecosystems will respond to future environmental changes. In East Fork Creek, a headwater stream in middle Tennessee, week-long field campaigns were set up each month from May 2022 to May 2023 to collect stream metabolism estimators. In a more extensive field campaign from July 2–5 in 2022, diel signals were observed for temperature, pH, turbidity, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Se, Fe, Ba, chloride, nitrate, DIC, DO, DOC, and total algae. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) were calculated based on a Bayesian model using the dissolved oxygen (DO) time series approach. DO showed diurnal swings between oversaturation in daytime and undersaturation at night, with DO amplitudes being greatest in summer. GPP measurements have a clear seasonal variation, peaking in July and staying low in winter, and strong diel signals that couple with the daily light regime variation. ER does not vary seasonally except for a slight increase in Fall which might be caused by terrestrial organic inputs. The dominant control on GPP is light intensity and on ER is temperature. East Fork Creek shows a heterotrophic metabolic regime for 54 of 57 campaign days and therefore consumes O2 and emits CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year. If carbon inputs are not a limiting factor, the positive temperature dependence of ER may cause increased CO2 emissions from headwater streams and more frequent hypoxia events in a warming climate.
Factors associated with retention in Quitline counseling for smoking cessation among HIV-positive smokers receiving care at HIV outpatient clinics in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nam Truong , Nguyen Trang , Vu Giap Van , Cleland Charles M. , Pham Yen , Truong Nga , Kapur Reet , Alvarez Gloria Guevara , Phan Phuong Thu , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Shelley Donna
Published: December 2024

Background

Quitline counseling is an effective method for supporting smoking cessation, offering personalized and accessible assistance. Tobacco use is a significant public health issue among people living with HIV. In Vietnam, over 50% of men living with HIV use tobacco. However, there is limited research on Quitline use and retention rates in this population and a lack of research on factors associated with retention in Quitline counseling. The study aims to evaluate the factors associated with retention in Quitline counseling for smoking cessation among HIV-positive smokers receiving care at HIV outpatient clinics in Vietnam.

Method

The study analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for smokers living with HIV at 13 Outpatient Clinics in Ha Noi. A total of 221 smokers aged 18 and above living with HIV participated in Arm 1 of the RCT, which included screening for tobacco use (Ask), health worker-delivered brief counseling (Assist), and proactive referral to Vietnam’s national Quitline (AAR), in which the Quitline reached out to the patient to engage them in up to 10 sessions of smoking cessation counseling. Retention in Quitline counseling was defined as participating in more than five counseling calls. The study used bivariate and logistic regression analyses to explore the associations between retention and other factors.

Results

Fifty-one percent of HIV-positive smokers completed more than five counseling sessions. Smokers living with HIV aged 35 or older (OR = 5.53, 95% CI 1.42–21.52), who had a very low/low tobacco dependence level (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.14–4.51), had a lower score of perceived importance of quitting cigarettes (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–0.99), had a household ban or partial ban on cigarettes smoking (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.39–4.80), and had chosen a quit date during the Quitline counseling (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.63–5.53) were more likely to retain in the Quitline counseling than those smokers living with HIV whose ages were less than 35, who had a high/very high tobacco dependence level, had a higher score of perception of the importance of quitting cigarettes, did not have a household ban on cigarettes smoking, and did not choose a quit date during counseling.

Conclusion

There is a high retention rate in Quitline counseling services among PLWHs receiving care at HIV outpatient clinics. Tailoring interventions to the associated factors such as age, tobacco dependence, perceived importance of quitting, household smoking bans, and setting a quit date during counseling may improve engagement and outcomes, aiding in the reduction of smoking prevalence among HIV-positive individuals.
Comparison of ocular biometry and refractive outcomes using two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers
Authors: Park Hansol , Yoo Young-Sik , Shin Eunhae , Song Won Seok , Won Yeokyoung , Chung Tae-Young , Lim Dong Hui
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate the ocular biometry agreement and prediction of postoperative refractive outcomes obtained using two swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers: Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and Argos (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA).

Methods

Ambispective analysis was conducted on 105 eyes at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, between June 2021 and March 2022. Biometric values were assessed using both devices before cataract surgery. Intraocular lens (IOL) power, mean arithmetic error (ME), and mean absolute error (MAE) were calculated using the Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and Hoffer Q formulas.

Results

Anterion showed statistically significantly greater axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), and lens thickness (LT) than Argos (p = 0.03, p < 0.001, and p = 0.032, respectively). There were no significant differences in measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) (p > 0.05). Anterion showed flatter corneal curvature measurements than Argos (p < 0.001). The postoperative prediction errors differed for all three formulas (p < 0.001). Anterion results leaned towards a slightly myopic outcome due to hyperopic target refraction. In all three formulas, the MAE and percentage of eyes with a prediction error ≤ ± 0.5 D were not significantly different between the two devices.

Conclusion

Although the differences are not clinically significant, the measurements of AL, CCT, and LT obtained with Anterion were greater compared to those measured with Argos, while the keratometry (K) and corneal diameter (CD) values were smaller. Consequently, this resulted in a minor difference in refractive predictability, with Anterion showing a slight tendency toward more myopic refractive errors. However, there were no significant differences in MAE or the percentage of eyes within ± 0.5D.
Impact of vitamin C on the reduction of opioid consumption for acute musculoskeletal pain: A double-blind randomized control pilot study
Authors: Daoust Raoul , Paquet Jean , Williamson David , Huard Vérilibe , Arbour Caroline , Perry Jeffrey J. , Émond Marcel , Berthelot Simon , Archambault Patrick , Rouleau Dominique , Morris Judy , Cournoyer Alexis
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Recent evidence has shown that vitamin C has analgesic and opioid sparing properties in immediate postoperative context. However, this has never been studied for acute musculoskeletal (MSK) emergency department (ED) injuries. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized placebo-controlled study to determine the opioid sparing and analgesic effect of vitamin C compared to placebo, in acute MSK injured ED patients.

Methods

A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) distributed in two arms, stratified for fractures, was performed in a tertiary care center, one group receiving 1 g of vitamin C twice a day for 14 days and another receiving placebo. Participants were ≥18 years of age, treated in ED for MSK injuries present for ≤2 weeks, and discharged with a standardized opioid prescription of 20 morphine 5 mg tablets (M5T) and, at the clinician discretion, 28 tablets of naproxen 500 mg. Participants completed a 14-day paper diary and were contacted by phone at 14 days, to document their analgesic use, vitamin C consumption, and pain intensity.

Results

Overall, 137 patients were screened; 44(32%) were excluded, 38(40.9%) refused, leaving 55(59.1%) participants, with a consent rate of 9.2/month. Mean age was 53 years (SD = 16) and 55% were men. Fourteen (25%) participants were lost to follow-up and 33(83%) patients complied with treatment. For per-protocol analysis, the median (IQR) M5T consumed was 6.5 (3.3–19.5) for the vitamin C and 9.0 (1.5–16.0) for placebo group. The median (IQR) naproxen 500 mg tablets consumed was 0 (0–9.8) for the vitamin C group and 20 (0–27) for the placebo arm.

Conclusion

This pilot study supports the feasibility of a larger RCT on the opioid sparing and analgesic properties of vitamin C for acute MSK injured ED patients. Strategies to reduce the refusal and lost to follow-up rates are discussed.

Trial registration number

NCT05555576, ClinicalTrials.Gov PRS.
Biologically plausible gated recurrent neural networks for working memory and learning-to-learn
Authors: van den Berg Alexandra R. , Roelfsema Pieter R. , Bohte Sander M.
Published: December 2024

The acquisition of knowledge and skills does not occur in isolation but learning experiences amalgamate within and across domains. The process through which learning can accelerate over time is referred to as learning-to-learn or meta-learning. While meta-learning can be implemented in recurrent neural networks, these networks tend to be trained with architectures that are not easily interpretable or mappable to the brain and with learning rules that are biologically implausible. Specifically, these rules have often employed backpropagation-through-time, which relies on information that is unavailable at synapses that are undergoing plasticity in the brain. Previous studies that exclusively used local information for their weight updates had a limited capacity to integrate information over long timespans and could not easily learn-to-learn. Here, we propose a novel gated memory network named RECOLLECT, which can flexibly retain or forget information by means of a single memory gate and is trained with a biologically plausible trial-and-error-learning that requires only local information. We demonstrate that RECOLLECT successfully learns to represent task-relevant information over increasingly long memory delays in a pro-/anti-saccade task, and that it learns to flush its memory at the end of a trial. Moreover, we show that RECOLLECT can learn-to-learn an effective policy on a reversal bandit task. Finally, we show that the solutions acquired by RECOLLECT resemble how animals learn similar tasks.
Updating the remembered position of targets following passive lateral translation
Authors: Kim John J. J. , Harris Laurence R.
Published: December 2024

Spatial updating, the ability to track the egocentric position of surrounding objects during self-motion, is fundamental to navigating around the world. However, people make systematic errors when updating the position of objects after linear self-motion. To determine the source of these errors, we measured errors in remembered target position with or without passive lateral translations. Self-motion was presented both visually (simulated in virtual reality) and physically (on a 6-DOF motion platform). People underestimated targets’ eccentricity in general even when just asked to remember them for a few seconds (5–7 seconds), with larger underestimations of more eccentric targets. We hypothesized that updating errors would depend on target eccentricity, which was manifested as errors depending not only on target eccentricity but also the observer’s movement range. When updating the position of targets within the range of movement (such that their actual locations crossed the viewer’s midline), people overestimated their change in position relative to their head/body compared to when judging the location of objects that were outside the range of movement and therefore did not cross the midline. We interpret these results as revealing changes in the efficacy of spatial updating depending on participant’s perception of self-motion and the perceptual consequences for targets represented initially in one half of the visual field having to be reconstructed in the opposite hemifield.
Research on the sustainable design strategies of vernacular architecture in Southwest Hubei—A case study of the First Granary of Xuan’en County
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Qinyu , Deng Hao , Zhu Zhenhua
Published: December 2024

Vernacular architecture, optimized over centuries to create comfortable thermal environments using sustainable design strategies and local materials, can offer valuable insights for contemporary eco-friendly architectural design. This research investigates the sustainable design strategies of vernacular architecture in southwest Hubei, focusing on the First Granary of Xuan’en County as a representative case study. Through field investigations of indoor environments, this study explores how traditional architectural practices have addressed the region’s complex mountainous terrain and hot, humid climate. Major sustainable design strategies include rational site selection and layout adapted to the terrain, building forms and spatial organizations tailored to the environmental conditions, and the use of a "double-skin" envelope structure to enhance thermal insulation and ventilation. The results demonstrate that the average temperature of the grain depot does not exceed 25°C without active means, meeting the quasi-low temperature storage standard. Through comprehensive field research and analysis, this study demonstrates how these traditional design strategies not only improve indoor thermal comfort and energy efficiency but also align with local economic levels and modern living requirements. By leveraging passive design techniques rooted in local cultural and environmental contexts, this research provides a framework for integrating these strategies into contemporary sustainable architecture.
Revealing schoolchildren’s key situations in the use of digital media inside and outside school: A media diary study
Authors: Meier Jennifer Virginie , Kaspar Kai
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Digital media have become integral to schoolchildren’s lives, both within educational and non-educational settings. Educators emphasize the importance of bridging the gap between school learning and children’s out-of-school activities. To identify potential variations and commonalities, we investigated key situations with digital media among lower secondary schoolchildren in Germany, aiming to determine which themes are especially relevant in different settings.

Methods

We analyzed the media usage of German schoolchildren (ages 10 to 17) in class and outside of school using a mixed-method approach with a focus on the qualitative facets of key situations. For this purpose, 49 schoolchildren from seven schools were asked to complete media diaries. Over a six-week period, they documented key situations with details on setting, emotional experiences, post-communication, social support, and self-reflection. We analyzed the key situations using content and frequency analyses.

Results

The schoolchildren reported 145 key situations, from which we developed a categorization system comprising 15 distinct categories. The most reported key situations involved “playing video games”, “digital learning or homework”, and “online communication or content sharing”. Most key situations (115) took place outside of school, while 30 occurring in class. Schoolchildren mostly reported key situations that involved feelings of happiness and low levels of arousal. They discussed key situations more often and in greater depth with family members and school friends, and less often with school staff or non-school friends. Key situations were discussed more often face-to-face than online. Notably, schoolchildren engaged in self-reflection on their key situations, including concerns about excessive media use.

Discussion

Overall, the study provides comprehensive insights into the digital media behaviors of schoolchildren, highlighting individual differences and preferences. The discussion offers valuable implications for both educational practice and future research, particularly regarding the integration of digital media into formal educational settings.
Seroprevalence and associated factors of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among sex workers in Chiangmai, Thailand during easing of COVID-19 lockdown measures
Authors: Hongjaisee Sayamon , Khamduang Woottichai , Kham-Kjing Nang , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, sex workers (SW) were one of the vulnerable groups affected by lockdown measures. COVID-19 had also disrupted HIV/Sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and treatment services for sex workers due to numerous restrictions in specialist medical care. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV and associated factors among SW as COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. The SW aged over 18 years residing in Chiangmai, Thailand, were recruited between March and December 2022. An interview-based questionnaire was administered. Blood was collected for HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV serological testing. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with these serological markers. Of 264 SW recruited, 52.3% were male. The median age was 31 years. Male sex workers (MSW) had higher seroprevalence of HIV (13% vs. 4.8%), syphilis (23.9% vs. 6.4%) and HCV (6.5% vs. 2.4%). Female sex workers (FSW) had higher seroprevalence of HBsAg (9.5% vs. 4.4%). A high proportion were unaware of their HIV/STI infection. MSW reporting receptive anal sex were more likely to be HIV and Treponema Ab positive. MSW reporting drug injection history were more likely to be HCV Ab positive. FSW reporting younger age at first sex were more likely to be HIV Ab positive. In conclusion, SW remains particularly affected by HIV/STIs. Despite the lockdown, HIV/STIs continued to spread, highlighting the need to provide access to HIV/STIs testing, prevention, and treatment services for this population, particularly young men.
Animate wearers as activators in the work of Cinzia Ruggeri (1942–2019)
Authors: O’Mahony-Brady Amelia
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the significance of the dressed, mobile body (alias the animate wearer) in the work of Cinzia Ruggeri (1942–2019), asserting that the artist-designer’s methods of showcasing fashion were shaped by her strong interest in movement and corporeality. Informed by an interdisciplinary research approach that intersects embodiment theory with several subfields of fashion studies (viz. fashion film and photography practice, fashion performance studies, clothing and embodiment), I illustrate how Ruggeri rejected the model-mannequin’s treatment as a voiceless body-object, choosing instead to present her clients as expressive and emancipated body-subjects. My perception of this approach as trailblazing is supported by contextualizing the agency-less history of the displayed female body and demonstrated by discussing the role of embodiment and personalization in Ruggeri’s abiti-installazione (‘dress-installations’). Expanding upon Guerriero’s reading of this work as ‘a dissolve of the disciplines’, I explore how Ruggeri’s discipline-dissolving approach informed her distinct presentation of the wearer, citing key examples from her 1980s catwalk shows, showroom-happenings and costumed productions. In constituting the first extended contemporary study of Ruggeri to be developed by a non-Italian researcher – and published outside of her native Italy – this article underscores her potential as a subject of global scholarly interest.
The Intersection of Fashion and Disability: A Historical Analysis, Kate Annett-Hitchcock (2024)
Authors: Spina Carli
Published: December 2024

Review of: The Intersection of Fashion and Disability: A Historical Analysis, Kate Annett-Hitchcock (2024)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 227 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35014-311-1, h/bk, £75.00
Second-hand clothes, first-hand mindset: A wardrobe study of higher-education student clothing practice
Authors: Pease Elena , Hustinx Lesley , Van de Peer Aurélie
Published: December 2024

The study explores motivations for second-hand clothing practices using wardrobe interviews with a limited sample of twelve higher-education students in Belgium. Three types of practices were identified: bargain hunters, uniqueness searchers and ethical and ecological buyers. The study reveals that despite the perceived sustainability of second-hand clothes, these practices often result in large volumes of clothing purchases, contradicting sustainability motivations. Ecological respondents experience ‘affective dissonance’ due to a disconnection between their sustainability beliefs and fashion practices. These uncomfortable emotions reveal an aspiration to engage in more sustainable fashion practices in the future. Despite this, all respondents evaluate their second-hand clothing practices by relying on the culturally prevalent discourses of the first-hand fashion industry. The study concludes by highlighting the implications for the development of alternative and more sustainable fashion practices when second-hand clothing practitioners reproduce the symbolic boundaries that govern the first-hand fashion industry, and the authors suggest pathways to address these implications in the future.
Fashion on air: Translating fashion studies research for podcasts
Authors: Richards Harriette
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing number of podcasts that discuss fashion. While many of these podcasts function as marketing or loyalty-building mechanisms, there is also a category of podcasts that approach fashion critically, offering new perspectives on the global fashion system. This article explores podcasting as a form of popular media communication and a powerful tool through which to translate fashion studies research for general audiences. The article argues that there are three key reasons for the popularity and demand for podcast content: they are a form of media that is generally inexpensive, democratic and intimate. It maps the current state of academic and academic-adjacent fashion podcasting and uses the Critical Fashion Studies Podcast as an example of how the medium can share complex fashion studies research with the public in new and engaging ways.
Spanish regional public radios and the challenge of the young audiences
Authors: Fernández-Lombao Tania , Martínez-Graña Paula
Published: December 2024

The exponential growth of podcast consumption and production in Spain poses a challenge for public broadcasters, who must fulfil their duty of public service without losing their competitive position against major tech conglomerates in the global audio market. This research aims to detect and analyse the innovation strategies and projects implemented by public radio stations across Spain in order to define future audio trends. The results show that stations employ five formulas to reach young audiences: identification of the audience with journalists and interviews with personalities of the same generation; address topics that concern young people; emphasis on cultural topics and live music; local issues with a sense of proximity and a priority focus on the distribution of dynamic and visual content through social media.
Narrative Podcasting in an Age of Obsession, Neil Verma (2024)
Authors: Fox Kim
Published: December 2024

Review of: Narrative Podcasting in an Age of Obsession, Neil Verma (2024)

Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 276 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47207-521-8, h/bk, $90

ISBN 978-0-47205-521-0, p/bk, $34.95

ISBN 978-0-47212-988-1, e-book, $34.95
Radio and sound ecosystems in the platform age
Authors: Monclús Belén , Scifo Salvatore
Published: December 2024

This Special Issue explores the transformation of radio and sound ecosystems in the platform age, presenting seven contributions from the 7th ECREA Radio and Sound Conference 2023. The articles examine various aspects of this evolving landscape, including the integration of video in podcasting, the expressive potential of narrative nonfiction podcasts, the use of binaural sound in journalism, the dynamic podcasting industry in Brazil, strategies for engaging young audiences in public radio, the impact of virtual reality and AI on podcasting and the use of ethnographic methods in audio documentaries. These studies collectively offer insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by traditional and emerging players in the digital audio field.
Lo que ocultan los peplos. Atuendos femeninos en Hécuba de Eurípides
Authors: Lanza Joaquín
Published: December 2024

El vocablo πέπλος (“peplo”), que designa típicamente la túnica vestida por lasmujeres, se registra un total de once veces en Hécuba de Eurípides. Teniendo encuenta la estructura bipartita de esta tragedia y la importancia de la vestimenta en elmundo griego antiguo, este artículo se propone analizar las apariciones del términoen sus contextos, con la hipótesis de que los peplos ocultan pero a la vez revelan elcarácter de los personajes femeninos: Políxena, el coro de cautivas troyanas yHécuba, como también habilitan la transformación de los dos últimos en una y otraparte de la obra.
Platón mimético: la etopeya de Sócrates y el saber filosófico
Authors: Veccio Ariel
Published: December 2024

En el marco de los estudios actuales de teoría y práctica de μίμησις en Rep. dePlatón, el objetivo es indagar la caracterización [ἠθοποιία] platónica de Sócrates.La hipótesis es que la opción por el diálogo está ligada al modo de comprender yde transmitir el saber filosófico y que, en tal marco, la figura del personaje Sócratesencarna un tipo de saber hacer. Para tal fin, por un lado, se indaga lacaracterización en los Progymnásmata para mostrar su función y el lugar queocupa Platón en esta tradición. Por otro lado, se analizan pasajes clave de Apologíay República I para echar luz sobre la composición narrativa y, a través de ella,intentar dar cuenta del quehacer filosófico en la caracterización socrática. Para estoúltimo, presentamos la distinción entre know that y know how de Ryle y Polanyi.
Estrategias recientes de los desarrolladores de suelo urbano residencial en el área metropolitana Santa Fe
Authors: Carné Martín
Published: December 2024

El artículo presenta avances de una investigación que caracteriza las estrategias con que urbanizadores de suelo destinado a barrios abiertos en Santa Fe y ciudades contiguas organizan su actividad económica. Las entrevistas en profundidad realizadas informan que estos actores aceptan rentabilidades no óptimas, pero sí adecuadas a cada coyuntura económica y aplican aprendizajes de su experiencia (selección de inversores, pre–venta, retención de parcelas en función del perfil del comprador). El Estado es criticado por «cambiar reglas de juego» y por carecer de agilidad para tramitar proyectos de urbanización, hecho que extiende el período de rotación de capital e incrementa la incertidumbre de los desarrolladores, quienes tratan de contrarrestarla elevando márgenes de beneficio económico. Las conclusiones señalan la conveniencia de a) ensayar reglamentaciones según las cuales el Estado apruebe un trámite de urbanización al expirar un determinado tiempo establecido y b) incentivar la venta de parcelas aplicando fuertes sobretasas y/u ordenanzas de urbanización compulsiva sobre inmuebles ociosos.
Demandas y recursos laborales en docentes universitarios
Authors: Salessi Solana , Neiff Romina
Published: December 2024

El objetivo que persiguió el presente estudio fue examinar un conjunto de demandas y recursos laborales en una muestra de docentes de nivel universitario. Con tal finalidad se realizó un estudio empírico de alcance descriptivo transversal. Se estudió una muestra no probabilística de 84 docentes que pertenecen a cinco universidades públicas y privadas localizadas en la ciudad de Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. Se aplicó un instrumento estandarizado para relevar demandas y recursos laborales. Sobre los datos se realizaron análisis descriptivos. Se encontraron altos niveles carga mental y emocional, conflicto trabajo–familia y conflicto de rol, así como autonomía, participación e información. Se observaron algunas variaciones en la percepción de algunas demandas y recursos asociados al tipo de gestión de la universidad, la modalidad de trabajo y la dedicación semanal. Se discuten los hallazgos y se señalan fortalezas, limitaciones e implicancias prácticas del estudio realizado.
Nativas del Salado
Authors: Rojas Alejandro Damián , Holubicki Jesica Susana
Published: December 2024

En el marco de la celebración de los 50 años de historia de la educación secundaria para adultos en la provincia de Santa Fe, y del quincuagésimo aniversario de la Escuela de Educación Media para Adultos (EEMPA) N° 1218 Nativas del Salado de la ciudad de Santo Tomé, el presente relato de experiencia describe el devenir de la imposición del nombre de la escuela y explica los fundamentos de la selección de dicho nombre. El proyecto posibilitó consolidar sentidos de pertenencia e identidad institucionales, acordes a la época en la que se inscribe, atendiendo a dos dimensiones: la historiográfica e histórico–política de la educación, y la sociocultural y geográfica santotomesina. Ambas dimensiones se encuentran atravesadas por las perspectivas de género y las de los derechos humanos como ejes de la Educación Sexual Integral (ESI), asumidos por la escuela en su proyecto institucional
Vínculos, prácticas y acciones en el Nivel Terciario Juntos/as a la par
Authors: Serena Valeria
Published: December 2024

En el mundo contemporáneo experimentamos la profundización de un régimen de desigualdades instalado desde hace décadas. Las instituciones educativas como constitutivas de lo social, no están exentas de estas situaciones; por ello, decidimos desde nuestro lugar —la escuela— tomar algunos fragmentos de la realidad para llevar a cabo un proyecto interdisciplinario vinculado con la enseñanza y el compromiso con la comunidad que involucra a actores que desean participar y transitan dos carreras de  nivel superior  de la Escuela Normal Superior Nº 6 «Vicente López y Planes» – ENS Nº 6  de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Profesorado de Educación Inicial (PEI) y Tecnicatura Superior en Producción de Indumentaria (TSPI). Nace entonces un proyecto intercátedras en el cual las/los docentes  tejemos trama y urdimbre con y junto a nuestros/as estudiantes. Desde el PEI se seleccionan y trabajan nanas, letras de cantos que arrullan a niños/as para acompañar las prendas de 1º piel que confeccionan los/as estudiantes de la TSPI que luego son donadas a Maternidades y Hospitales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Contra el olimpo del entendimiento
Authors: Giuliano Facundo , Serratore Grisel , Cosentino Pablo , Giuliano Valentina
Published: December 2024

El presente texto se compone de versaciones con Martín Kohan en el marco de una reunión filosófica de la educación. La cita, en su potencia literaria, parte de abordar la cuestión pedagógica del futuro como apertura de la imaginación sin que esta se reduzca a una prolongación del presente. Emerge así la pregunta sobre la vanguardia y las pedagogías que puede alojar en medio de las tensiones entre igualdad e inteligibilidad. De este modo, se trama una actitud crítica hacia el entendimiento total, sede de subestimaciones, al tiempo que se reivindica el entender algo como clave de la praxis educativa. El itinerario conversacional realza la fuerza del placer en el esfuerzo, en lo que ataña a la lectura y la escritura, sin descuidar los problemas ético–políticos que entraña su protocolización sobre la base de «lo correcto». En esta clave, se abre el interrogante por lo grupal y su tirantez con el solipsismo que impide la corrosión de estructuras, en tanto manera de desestabilizar certezas y habitar el no saber. Hacia el final se explora la potencia política–educativa del fracaso, como forma de desbaratar dicotomías y visualizar que es con la tradición que puede darse lugar a la invención pedagógica.
Percepciones sobre la carrera académica en la UNSJ: una encuesta institucional sobre las funciones de ciencia, docencia y extensión universitaria
Authors: Prado Flavia
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo analiza los resultados de una encuesta integral realizada a docentes de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ) para conocer su opinión sobre sus trayectorias académicas y desempeños profesionales. El cuestionario fue aplicado mediante el sistema informático Limesurvey y se obtuvieron 469 registros. La encuesta procuró (re)conocer las autopercepciones de docentes respecto a su participación en las diferentes funciones misionales de la Universidad: docencia, investigación y extensión. 
Mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) las dimensiones de la encuesta han tendido a agruparse en 3 factores principales: tipo de cargo docente y dedicación; formación académica y auto-adscripción disciplinar; articulación con las funciones de investigación y extensión. Estos factores explican, en gran medida, la variabilidad de perfiles académicos observados que oscilan entre docentes puros, dedicados casi exclusivamente a las tareas de enseñanza, y quienes presentan una orientación más científica-internacionalizada o bien más territorializada vía la extensión. Los resultados permiten, precisamente, comparar la importancia otorgada por el cuerpo de profesores a cada una de las funciones misionales de la Universidad y las motivaciones que promovieron su desarrollo dentro de la institución