bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Support of a Behavioral Intervention for Trait Conscientiousness in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A. , Jaworski Michael G. , Youngs Margaret , Abdel-Kerim Omar , Wojcik Curtis , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph H.B.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Conscientiousness, or the proclivity for deliberation, achievement, and order, declines in many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Decreased conscientiousness predicts future cognitive deterioration, brain atrophy, and employment loss in individuals with MS. As a psychological trait, it may be an actionable antecedent to these important outcomes. We pilot tested an application (app)-facilitated behavioral intervention to help adaptation to low conscientiousness and, in turn, improve employment.

Methods:

Eleven individuals with MS (5 treatment, 6 control) with low conscientiousness were recruited for a 12-week randomized controlled trial. The treatment group received a newly developed behavioral treatment and smartphone app designed to help people behave more conscientiously, 2 teleconference booster sessions, and weekly telephone calls to monitor progress. Employment changes were recorded at baseline and follow-up. Patients provided detailed posttreatment interviews.

Results:

Participant groups were matched on baseline age, sex, education, disease duration, hours worked, and conscientiousness. All participants in the treatment arm reported benefits, found the app easy to use, and would recommend it to others. The treatment group reported significantly more positive work outcomes relative to controls at follow-up (P = .028). Other positive life changes were described by treatment participants during post-treatment interviews.

Conclusions:

These results support the hypothesis that behaviors typically associated with low conscientiousness may be addressed by behavioral therapy in the MS population. In addition to the positive employment changes in the treatment group, several other quality of life changes were described by study participants. Additional research is needed.
Quantum generative models for data generation
Authors: Sun Tai-Ping , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China,   Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei 230026, China
Published: July 2021

In recent years, many generation-based machine learning algorithms such as generative adversarial networks, Boltzmann machine, auto-encoder, etc. are widely used in data generation and probability distribution simulation. On the other hand, the combined algorithms of quantum computation and classical machine learning algorithms are proposed in various styles. Especially, there exist many relevant researches about quantum generative models, which are regarded as the branch of quantum machine learning. Quantum generative models are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, in which parameterized quantum circuits are introduced to obtain the cost function of the task as well as its gradient, and then classical optimization algorithms are used to find the optima. Compared with its classical counterpart, quantum generative models map the data stream to high-dimensional Hilbert space with parameterized quantum circuits. In the mapping space, data features are easier to learn, which can surpass classical generative models in some tasks. Besides, quantum generative models are potential to realize the quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
Evaluation of the Quality Characteristics of Complementary Food from Whole Maize Fortified with Bambara Groundnut and Tiger Nut
Authors: Ujiroghene Obaroakpo Joy , Izuwa Iwanegbe , Jennifer Akenzua
Published: July 2021

Complementary foods produced from formulation of whole maize flour (WMF), maize flour supplemented with bambara groundnut and tiger nut flour (MBTF), maize flour supplemented with bambara groundnut flour (MBF) and maize flour supplemented with tiger nut flour (MTF) were evaluated for their quality characteristics. The results obtained showed that MTF was the most acceptable in taste (4.40 ± 0.70), consistency (4.10 ± 1.10) and aroma (4.30 ± 0.67). In moisture and ash contents, WMF recorded the highest mean scores of 9.10 ± 0.12% and 5.05 ± 0.10% respectively. Compared with WMF, MBF and MBTF, MTF had the highest mean scores in carbohydrate (53.62 ± 0.75%) and crude fibre (6.04 ± 0.69%). However, crude protein content was reportedly higher in MBF (32.13 ± 1.22%), while MBTF recorded the highest mean score in fat content (14.13 ± 0.23%). The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of the products were influenced by the inclusion of bambara groundnut flour; and the results showed that MBTF recorded the highest IVPD and IVSD at mean values of 73.00% and 70.50% respectively. The water absorption capacity of the products were relatively low; and is considered important for the transportation and extension of their shelf stability. The optimization of the protein digestibility and nutritional qualities of observed in the products indicated that bambara groundnuts and tiger nuts could find applications in a variety of complementary food products that are beneficial to infants; especially among rural dwellers and low-income individuals.
Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Livestock Entrepreneurs of Karnataka- A Socio-economic Analysis
Authors: Harisha M. , Subrahmanyeshwari B. , Veeranna K. C. , Sharma G. R. K. , Ravindraredddy Y. , Punyakumari B.
Published: July 2021

India owns the largest livestock population in the world and it is bestowed with huge and diverse livestock resources. The animal husbandry sector provides large self-employment opportunities and is proved to be a boon for sustaining the livelihood of the resource poor farmers. A study was undertaken to analyze the socioeconomic and psychological profile of livestock entrepreneurs in Karnataka state. Four divisions viz. Bengaluru division, Mysuru division, Belagavi division and Kalaburagi division were selected for the study. A total of 160 livestock entrepreneurs were randomly selected and data were collected using structured interview schedule. The analysis of socio economic and psychological profile revealed that majority (58.75%) of the livestock entrepreneurs were of middle age group (35-50 years), and more than three forth (78.13%) of the livestock entrepreneurs are male. With respect education 36.88 per cent of them had middle school education and half (50.63%) of the entrepreneurs belonged to small family size(less than 6 members). Majority (56.88%) of the livestock entrepreneurs had animal husbandry as their major occupation with 43.75 per cent of the respondents had medium landholding (2-3 acres of land). More than half (51.25%) of the respondents had medium livestock possession and 45.63 per cent of the entrepreneurs had an annual income of more than Rs.4,00,001. Majority (53.75%) of the livestock entrepreneurs had (5 to 10 years) medium level of experience in livestock entrepreneurship. Majority of the respondent dairy farmers had medium economic motivation and scientific orientation. The study concludes that livestock entrepreneurs had different socioeconomic status due to varied attributes possessed by them.
Myocarditis Secondary to COVID 19 Infection: A Case-Report
Authors: Khadidiatou Gueye , Modou Seye , Lamine S. Y. Sidy , Moina-Hanifa Ismael Ibouroi , Cheikh Gaye , Baro B. A. Amadou , Momar Dioum , Bara Diop Ibrahima
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an emerging viral infection caused by the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory system. However, it can be responsible for heart damage.

The aim of this work was to report a case of symptomatic myocarditis in a 53-year-old patient.

Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 53-year-old patient with no particular history or cardiovascular risk factor found who had consulted in June 2020 in a hospital for dyspnea, dizziness and palpitations in whom the electrocardiogram had demonstrated ventricular tachycardia. The echocardiography was normal and coronary artery disease was ruled out on coronary angiography and antiarrhythmic treatment allowed it to regress. Two months later, after a break in therapy, this tachycardia recurred despite several electrical and chemical cardioversions. Subsequently, myocarditis was suspected. This motivated the realization of a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which came back in favor of myocarditis. As part of the etiological research, RT-PCR and COVID 19 serology were requested and the serology returned positive for IgG.

Conclusion: COVID 19 disease is known for its respiratory manifestations. However, several cases of cardiac involvement, in particular myocardial damage, have been described and among these, a considerable proportion of arrhythmias. They can be multifactorial in origin, due to the virus itself, or the prolongation of the QT interval from various drug therapies. These arrhythmias are the source of sudden death, hence the interest of RT-PCR and COVID 19 serology, but also the need for early and appropriate management, as well as long-term monitoring of patients. cured patients.
Molecular Signature of Human Papillomavirus in Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Boumba Anicet Luc Magloire , Diembi Sylvain , Otouana Boris. , Gouoni G. C. , Okoko A. B. Ecokounda , Odzili F. Itiere , Peko Jean Felix , Ondzotto Gottran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract have a tropism on the epidermoid mucosa. HPV infection remains one of the risk factors for this cancer. This work aimed to study the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinomas of the VADS.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study with retrospective data collection over 7 years. The molecular analysis was conducted in Pointe-Noire using Xpert® HPV technology (GeneXpert, Cepheid). The variables studied were anatomopathological and virological.

Results: The overall molecular prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 28.1%.  HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 were the incriminating genotypes in 88.9% and 11.4% of cases, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between co-infection with HPV-oncogenes in subjects over 40 years of age (P=0.01) and the development of these HPVs in squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.02). Notably, oncogenic HPV was found in the majority of laryngeal carcinomas. 

Conclusion: In countries with limited resources, the Xpert HPV technology from GéneXpert is a reliable and rapid solution for the virological diagnosis of oncogenic HPV associated with carcinomas of the VADS.  HPV-16 remains the most prevalent genotype.
A colagem na obra de José Agrippino de Paula: migração de procedimentos entre literatura, teatro e cinema // The collage in José Agrippino De Paula’s work: migration of procedures between literature, theater and cinema
Authors: Uchôa Fábio Raddi
Published: July 2021

Este artigo examina a migração de procedimentos de colagem na obra de José Agrippino de Paula. Partindo da definição da colagem na Pop Art e de sua politização no contexto do Tropicalismo e da cultura brasileira dos anos 1960-70, realizamos uma análise dos traços comuns à literatura (Lugar Público, 1964), ao teatro (Rito do Amor Selvagem, 1968) e ao cinema (Hitler III Mundo, 1968) deste multi-artista experimental.
Juventudes, tecnologias e consumo midiático: Andanças virtuais revelam a constituição do novo // Youthfulness, technologies and mediatic consumption: Virtual roaming reveal the constitution of the new
Authors: Moreira Benedito Dielcio , Fichtner Bernd
Published: July 2021

Resumo

Este texto traz como proposta uma discussão sobre relação do jovem com as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, a partir de duas premissas básicas: há o novo se constituindo no modo como os jovens utilizam as tecnologias digitais e se relacionam com outros atores midiáticos, assim como este novo se estabelece em um território virtual onde as incertezas e a aparente desordem são os condutores de todo este processo. Mais do que apresentar respostas, o propósito aqui é constituir algumas questões essenciais para se pensar nesta arena de embates simbólicos, em que jovens e adolescentes estão entre os principais usuários e atores. Iniciamos o texto com uma discussão sobre a ideia de juventude e depois avançamos para a necessidade de mirar o futuro como condição para o entendimento das interações virtuais. Ao final, trazemos alguns resultados obtidos na pesquisa nacional “Jovem e consumo midiático em tempos de convergência” como exemplos da complexidade que este universo se revela.

Abstract

This article brings as proposal a discussion about teenager's relation to the new information and communication technologies, from two basic premises: there is the new constituting the manner teenagers use digital technologies and relate to other mediatic actors, so as the new establishes in a virtual territory where uncertainties and the apparent disorder are the conductors of all this process. More than to present answers, the purpose here is to build some essential questions to think about this symbolic impingement arena, in which teenagers and adolescents are among the principal users and actors. We initiate with a discussion about the idea of youthfulness and after we advance to the necessity to aim at the future as a condition for the understanding of virtual interactions. At the end, we bring some results obtained in national research "Teenagers and mediatic consumption in time of convergence" as examples of complexity that this universe reveals.
Os lugares dos cinemas no subúrbio carioca da Leopoldina: falências, usos e destinos // The place of the cinemas in the Leopoldina suburb of Rio de Janeiro: collapses, uses and destinies
Authors: Ferraz Talitha Gomes
Published: July 2021

Este artigo examina a transformação do acesso à sala de cinema, quando este equipamento coletivo, antes vigoroso em ruas e praças do espaço urbano da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, perde seu fôlego no final do século XX, cedendo lugar para os cinemas de shopping entre as práticas de lazer dos indivíduos. Nosso foco de análise é o caso dos extintos “cinemas de estação”, que existiram em frente a cada estação de trem dos bairros da Zona da Leopoldina, subúrbio ferroviário carioca, e as atuais condições da exibição cinematográfica nesta região. Com base em dados etnográficos e numa literatura sobre o papel do cinema nas dinâmicas urbanas, pensamos o estatuto da sala de cinema hoje nesta área da cidade.
Jovens, televisão e novas telas: Uma revisita ao consumo midiático // Youth, television and new screens: a revisit to the media consumption concept
Authors: Ribeiro Regiane Regina , Da Silva Anderson Lopes , Belin Luciane Leopoldo
Published: July 2021

Marcada pelo surgimento de novos canais, novos hábitos e novos meios de comunicação, a forma como o consumo midiático acontece vem passando por algumas mudanças nos últimos anos – especialmente entre o público jovem. Ao fazer uma revisita ao conceito de consumo midiático, este artigo busca discutir suas atualizações frente às chamadas novas telas, conciliando o conceito aos resultados preliminares da pesquisa “Jovem e Consumo Midiático em Tempos de Convergência”, discutindo as particularidades do acesso e do uso das telas do computador, dos smartphones e da televisão por parte do público jovem.
Estudo sobre “Cards” como uma linguagem do jornalismo para um contexto de telas com diferentes funções // Study on cards as a language of journalism to a backdrop of screens with different functions
Authors: Pellanda Eduardo Campos , Pase André Fagundes , Mello Aline Ferreira de , Vasconcellos da Silva Fernanda Cristine , Dos Santos Francielle Franco , Da Cunha Karen Sica
Published: July 2021

Este texto busca investigar a construção de conteúdos em diferentes telas nativamente digitais, sem vínculos analógicos como a imitação da estrutura de páginas. Se atualmente vivemos inseridos em um contexto de ubiquidade midiática, com displays cercando o leitor, como podemos pensar graficamente este contexto? A solução sugerida é a interface basead em cartões de informações, também conhecidos como cards. Eles representam elementos únicos e compactados de conteúdo que podem servir como janelas para textos, áudios ou gráficos. Além disso, seu formanto permite uma forma de manuseio e interação com o conteúdo que é própria do meio digital, podendo resultar no agrupamento de informações e no compartilhamento de conteúdos, facilitando, assim, a experiência de leitura do usuário.
Crescimento do e-commerce no Brasil: desenvolvimento, serviços logísticos e o impulso da pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Cruz Wander Luis de Melo
Published: July 2021

O progresso técnico e sua difusão pelo território materializa-se na criação de novas redes, sejam elas de transportes, comunicação, distribuição etc. Produto da divisão social, territorial e internacional do trabalho, as redes estruturam e reestruturam as interações entre os indivíduos e o espaço constantemente. Nesse contexto, emerge o e-commerce como uma nova ferramenta de comercialização, marketing e distribuição de mercadorias. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar o processo de desenvolvimento do e-commerce no Brasil, bem como a relação dele com os serviços logísticos. Para que o e-commerce pudesse, de fato, difundir-se pelo território brasileiro foi necessário que, além das claras seguranças econômica e jurídica, houvesse um razoável aparato de redes e objetos técnicos. No entanto, não só o avanço das redes de comunicação e da melhoria do aparato técnico da população explicam a expansão do comércio eletrônico no Brasil, mas também questões conjunturais advindas das necessidades objetivas, como o caso do impulso dado ao e-commerce pela pandemia do Covid-19. Neste artigo sustentamos o argumento que o estudo da expansão do e-commerce no Brasil pode ser analisado a partir de três eventos: a expansão e a popularização das redes de internet, a difusão do uso de smartphones e os impactos da pandemia do Covid-19.

Abstract

GROWTH OF E-COMMERCE IN BRAZIL: DEVELOPMENT, LOGISTIC SERVICES AND THE IMPULSE OF THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19

Technical progress and its diffusion across the territory materializes in the creation of new networks, be they of transport, communication, distribution, etc. A product of the social, territorial and international division of labor, networks constantly structure and restructure interactions between individuals and space. In this context, e-commerce emerges as a new tool for the commercialization, marketing and distribution of goods. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the development process of e-commerce in Brazil, as well as its relationship with logistics services. So that e-commerce could, in fact, spread throughout Brazilian territory, it was necessary that, in addition to clear economic and legal security, there should be a reasonable apparatus of networks and technical objects. However, not only the advancement of communication networks and the improvement of the population’s technical apparatus explain the expansion of electronic commerce in Brazil, but also conjunctural issues arising from objective needs, such as the case of the impulse given to e-commerce by the pandemic of the Covid-19. In this article we support the argument that the study of the expansion of e commerce in Brazil can be analyzed by three events: the expansion and popularization of internet networks, the spread of the use of smartphones and the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Espacialização dos focos de calor no estado do Amazonas, Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Vasconcelos Brychtn Ribeiro de
Published: July 2021

O estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição dos focos de calor no estado do Amazonas. Também analisou a quantidade de focos de calor em relação à gestão do governo federal ao longo de 21 anos. O método quantitativo, junto com ferramentas de geotecnologias, foi empregado num contexto de pesquisa empírica. Por meio do materialismo dialético levantou-se questões para novas pesquisas. Os resultados mostraram que os anos de 2005 e 2015 tiveram mais registros de focos de calor. Os municípios de Lábrea, Apuí e Boca do Acre são os com maior quantidade de focos registrados. Em relação ao governo federal, o primeiro governo Lula foi o maior em número de focos de calor, e o segundo governo FHC, o menor; nos anos recentes, desde o governo Temer, vem aumentando a detecção, com tendência de aumento no governo Bolsonaro. A conclusão revela que os focos de calor estão concentrados nas mesorregiões Sul e Centro Amazonense, e nas microrregiões Madeira e Purus.

Abstract

SPATIALIZATION OF HOT SPOTS IN THE STATE OF AMAZONAS, BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

The study aimed to analyze the spatialization of hot spots in the state of Amazonas. It also analyzed the incidence of hot spots in view of the Brazilian federal government over a 21-year period. For the empirical research, the quantitative method was used, aided by geotechnology tools. Through dialectical materialism, questions were raised for further research. The results showed that 2005 and 2015 were the years when most of the hot spots were reported. The main affected cities were Lábrea, Apuí and Boca do Acre. Regarding the federal government, during Lula’s first presidency the largest number of hot spots occurred, the smallest rate was registered during the second FHC government. In recent years since the Temer government, there has been an increase in detection, and an upward trend can be observed in the current Bolsonaro government. The conclusion reveals that the hot spots are concentrated in the Sul and Centro Amazonense mesoregions, and in the Madeira and Purus microregions.
A economia urbana e os artistas de rua: performance, mobilidades e conflitos em um espaço público turistificado
Authors: Silva António Cláudio do Nascimento , Paiva Daniel
Published: July 2021

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre a complexa relação entre os artistas de rua, as suas performances e o espaço urbano. Para esta reflexão, baseamo-nos num estudo desenvolvido na Baixa lisboeta, localizada no centro histórico da cidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Metodologicamente, o estudo implicou observação sombreada com recurso a caminhadas e à videografia entre 2016 e 2021, bem como um conjunto de 15 entrevistas realizadas a artistas de rua em 2018. Conceptualmente, o estudo recorre ao crescente corpo de bibliografia no âmbito da geografia sensorial e da etnomusicologia, nomeadamente em relação aos artistas de rua e às suas performances, e a sua intersecção com questões económicas, os aspetos da urbanidade, a influência do turismo e as experiências sensoriais. Os nossos resultados desvendam o processo de territorialização dos locais de performance na Baixa lisboeta, o impacto das performances artísticas no espaço público, e a relação dos artistas de rua com os agentes formais da economia urbana. Concluímos o artigo com uma breve reflexão sobre a importância do turismo para a expansão do busking.

Abstract

URBAN ECONOMY AND STREET ARTISTS: PERFORMANCE, MOBILITY, AND CONFLICT IN A TOURISTIFIED PUBLIC SPACE

This article reflects on the complex relationship between street artists, their performances and urban space. For this reflection, we draw upon a study conducted in the Baixa, located in the historic centre of the city of Lisbon, Portugal. Methodologically, the study involved shadowed observation, including walks and videography, which took place between 2016 and 2021, as well as a set of 15 interviews with street artists which were conducted in 2018. Conceptually, the study draws upon the growing body of works within the scope of sensory geography and ethnomusicology, namely regarding street artists and their performances, and their intersection with economic issues, aspects of urbanity, the influence of tourism and sensory experiences. Our results reveal the process of territorialization of performance sites in Lisbon’s Baixa, the impact of artistic performances in the public space, and the relationship of street artists with the formal agents of the urban economy. We conclude the article with a brief reflection on the significance of tourism for the expansion of busking.
Bridging Indigenous and Western sciences in freshwater research, monitoring, and management in Canada
Authors: Alexander Steven M. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Henri Dominique A. , Nanayakkara Lushani , Taylor Jessica J. , Berberi Albana , Lloren Jed Immanuel , Johnson Jay T. , Ballard Myrle , Cooke Steven J.
Published: July 2021

Mutually respectful and reciprocal relationships between people and their environment is a central tenet of many Indigenous worldviews. Across the Americas, this relational connection is particularly evident when it comes to freshwater ecosystems. However, there are numerous threats to these central relationships between Indigenous peoples and their environment. Using all available ways of knowing to conserve, prioritize, and restore relationships between Indigenous peoples and the environment they live in, and are a part of, is critical. Despite legislative requirements and policy commitments, developing and implementing inclusive approaches that bridge multiple ways of knowing remains a challenge.

This systematic map examines the extent, range, and nature of published case studies that seek to bridge Indigenous and Western sciences in ecological research, monitoring, or natural resource management across Canada's freshwater aquatic ecosystems. A total of 74 Canadian case studies from 72 articles were included in the systematic map. There were 30 distinct species of focus across the collection of case studies.

This systematic map highlights the diversity of ways knowledge systems can be woven, but that the application of these approaches is limited to some key regions (the Pacific and northern regions) and species (whitefish and salmon). The extent and nature of information provided with regards to demographics (e.g., gender, age) of Indigenous knowledge holders contributing to the studies varied widely and in general was poorly reported. Across all of the case studies included in the systematic map there were 78 distinct Indigenous knowledge systems represented.

Fifteen different methodological approaches were identified with community‐based participatory research being the most prevalent approach. The presence and diversity of Indigenous methodologies employed was also notable and was greater as compared to a previous study of Canada's coastal marine regions.

Collectively, these findings point to a potential emerging transformation in research focused on freshwater ecosystems, habitats, and species to a practice that elevates the role of Indigenous communities, centres Indigenous science and knowledge, and is informed by Indigenous ways of being and doing.
Sustained Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Time to Withdraw Treatment?
Authors: Sungur Can M.
Published: July 2021

With increasing numbers of patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving sustained remission, medication withdrawal is an important consideration to reduce polypharmacy and associated adverse events. An article from the journal Arthritis & Rheumatology (1) explores the treatment withdrawal options for patients on etanercept and methotrexate combination therapies and suggests methotrexate withdrawal has the least impact on disease worsening. There are limitations in the study, including the use of only one disease activity score and no assessment of radiographic progression, but, overall, the article provides a good framework for future studies on treatment withdrawal options and the possibility of medication reduction for patients.
MoS2‐Functionalized Graphene Composites—Potential Replacement for Lubricant Friction Modifier and Anti‐Wear Additives
Authors: Ismail Nurul Athirah , Chowdhury Zaira Zaman , Johan Mohd Rafie , Zulkifli Nurin Wahidah Mohd
Published: July 2021

AGOC(n)/MoS2 composites are synthesized by a facile and effective hydrothermal method. Different mass ratios of AGOC(n) to MoS2 are prepared for producing AGOC(n)/MoS2 composites and their tribological properties at different weight percentages in Group III petroleum‐based oil are investigated. The as‐prepared composites are characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray (FESEM/EDX), Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the AGOC(n)/MoS2 composites as lubricant additives is investigated on four‐ball testers. The results indicate that AGOC(n)/MoS2 could improve the friction‐reduction and antiwear properties of the petroleum‐based oil. In particular, the AGOC14/MoS2 composite with a 1:1 mass ratio shows the highest reduction of friction coefficient and wear scar diameter by 53% and 63%, respectively. The excellent tribological behavior of the composites is attributed to the synergetic effect and unique layered structure of AGOC(n) and MoS2.
Nanocomposites Based on Waterborne Polyurethane Matrix and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Meiorin Cintia , Scherzer Selina L. , Mucci Verónica , Actis Daniel G. , Mendoza Zelis Pedro , Schubert Dirk W. , Mosiewicki Mirna A. , Aranguren Mirta I.
Published: July 2021

Herein, the feasibility of producing waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by casting method, to obtain films with potential magnetic properties, is shown. The characterization of the resulting nanocomposites is carried out using infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, colorimetry, tensile tests, microscopy and magnetic tests. The films become opaque and dark colored when MNP is incorporated. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites is that of tough plastics, with Young's modulus in the range of 106–143 MPa, increasing with the MNP concentration. Aggregation of the MNP takes place at concentrations above 1.5 wt%, as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surfaces. Magnetization saturation increases with the concentration of MNP. A small coercivity indicates the presence of a fraction of blocked particles whose size exceeds the critical size for superparamagnetism at the temperature of the measurements.
Field‐Effect Chiral Anomaly Devices with Dirac Semimetal
Authors: Chen Jiewei , Zhang Ting , Wang Jingli , Zhang Ning , Ji Wei , Zhou Shuyun , Chai Yang
Published: July 2021

Charge‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs) greatly suffer from unavoidable carrier scattering and heat dissipation. Analogous to valley degree of freedom in semiconductors, chiral anomaly current in Weyl/Dirac semimetals is theoretically predicted to be nearly nondissipative over long distances, but still lacks experimental ways to efficiently control its transport. Here, field‐effect chirality devices are demonstrated with Dirac semimetal PtSe2, in which its Fermi level is close to the Dirac point in the conduction band owing to intrinsic defects. The chiral anomaly is further corroborated by the planar Hall effect and nonlocal valley transport measurement, which can also be effectively modulated by external fields, showing robust nonlocal valley transport with micrometer diffusion length. Similar to charge‐based FETs, the chiral conductivity in PtSe2 devices can be modulated by electrostatic gating with an ON/OFF ratio of more than 103. Basic logic functions in the devices are also demonstrated with electric and magnetic fields as input signals.
Enhanced Trion Emission in Monolayer MoSe2 by Constructing a Type‐I Van Der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Duan Juanmei , Chava Phanish , Ghorbani‐Asl Mahdi , Erb Denise , Hu Liang , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Schneider Harald , Rebohle Lars , Erbe Artur , Helm Manfred , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Zhou Shengqiang , Prucnal Slawomir
Published: July 2021

Trions, quasi‐particles consisting of two electrons combined with one hole or of two holes with one electron, have recently been observed in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and drawn increasing attention due to potential applications of these materials in light‐emitting diodes, valleytronic devices as well as for being a testbed for understanding many‐body phenomena. Therefore, it is important to enhance the trion emission and its stability. In this study, a MoSe2/FePS3 van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) with type‐I band alignment is constructed, which allows for carriers injection from FePS3 to MoSe2. At low temperatures, the neutral exciton (X0) emission in this vdWH is almost completely suppressed. The ITrion/Ix0 intensity ratio increases from 0.44 in a single MoSe2 monolayer to 20 in this heterostructure with the trion charging state changing from negative in the monolayer to positive in the heterostructure. The optical pumping with circularly polarized light shows a 14% polarization for the trion emission in MoSe2/FePS3. Moreover, forming such type‐I vdWH also gives rise to a 20‐fold enhancement of the room temperature photoluminescence from monolayer MoSe2. These results demonstrate a novel approach to convert excitons to trions in monolayer 2D TMDCs via interlayer doping effect using type‐I band alignment in vdWH.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective [4+3]‐Cycloadditions of Azaoxyallyl Cations with 2‐Aminophenyl Enones
Authors: Lee Chang Yoon , Kwon Yong Il , Jang Hyun Sun , Lee Sumin , Chun Yoo Lim , Jung Junyang , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: July 2021

The first organocatalytic asymmetric [4+3]‐cycloaddition of 2‐aminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls with in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations was developed, and enantioenriched functionalized seven‐membered 1,4‐benzodiazepine‐3‐ones were obtained in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. This approach was also extended to the first asymmetric [4+3]‐cycloaddition of δ‐hydroxy α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls, affording 1,4‐oxazepanes in one step under mild conditions. Several of the novel adducts demonstrated promising bioactivity in the prevention of peripheral nerve degeneration.

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High‐Resolution In‐Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Studies of Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3: New Symmetry Assignments and Structural Phase Transitions
Authors: Liu Sizhan , DeFilippo Alexander R. , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Liu Zhenxian , Wang SuYin Grass , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Luo Xiangpeng , Zhao Liuyan , Martin Jovan San , Lin Yixiong , Yan Yong , Ghose Sanjit K. , Tyson Trevor A.
Published: July 2021

Perovskite photovoltaic ABX3 systems are being studied due to their high energy‐conversion efficiencies with current emphasis placed on pure inorganic systems. In this work, synchrotron single‐crystal diffraction measurements combined with second harmonic generation measurements reveal the absence of inversion symmetry below room temperature in CsPbBr3. Local structural analysis by pair distribution function and X‐ray absorption fine structure methods are performed to ascertain the local ordering, atomic pair correlations, and phase evolution in a broad range of temperatures. The currently accepted space group assignments for CsPbBr3 are found to be incorrect in a manner that profoundly impacts physical properties. New assignments are obtained for the bulk structure: (above ≈410 K), P21/m (between ≈300 K and ≈410 K), and the polar group Pm (below ≈300 K), respectively. The newly observed structural distortions exist in the bulk structure consistent with the expectation of previous photoluminescence and Raman measurements. High‐pressure measurements reveal multiple low‐pressure phases, one of which exists as a metastable phase at ambient pressure. This work should help guide research in the perovskite photovoltaic community to better control the structure under operational conditions and further improve transport and optical properties.
Comparative proteomic based analysis of grain nutrients in two hulless barley cultivars
Authors: Wang Yulin , Yuan Hongjun , Zha Sang , Jabu Thondup , Xu Qijun
Published: July 2021

Hullessbarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a barley cultivar, serving as one of the major food crops worldwide. The main nutrients in hulless barley are starch, protein, and β‐glucan, the contents of which vary considerably among different cultivars. However, the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie these variations in nutrient are still insufficiently clear. In this study, the nutrient content of two hulless barley cultivars (‘Zangqing 2000’ and ‘C2’) was analyzed, and quantitative tandem mass tag‐LC‐MS/MS proteomics and bioinformatics analysis were used to verify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two cultivars. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was used to verify the expression change of candidate DEPs. The content of starch and amylose in C2 was lower than that in Zangqing 2000, and β‐glucan, protein content, and amylopectin showed a higher concentration in C2 hulless barley cultivar. A total of 326 DEPs were identified, with 108 induced proteins and 218 reduced proteins in C2 compared with Zangqing 2000. Further functional and pathways analysis of DEPs revealed that C2 hulless barley cultivar has relatively more biological activities, and DEPs in C2 hulless barley cultivar were mainly associated with the biological processes of multiple important metabolic pathways. Moreover, PRM analysis showed the accuracy level of quantitative proteomic data. Overall, this was the first study that undertook the proteomic analysis in Zangqing 2000 and C2 and the results revealed the molecular mechanisms of seed nutrient biosynthesis and accumulation, which provide key insights about the development of hulless barley quality.
Benchmark Acetylene Binding Affinity and Separation through Induced Fit in a Flexible Hybrid Ultramicroporous Material
Authors: Shivanna Mohana , Otake Ken‐ichi , Song Bai‐Qiao , van Wyk Lisa M. , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Kumar Naveen , Feldmann Wesley K. , Pham Tony , Suepaul Shanelle , Space Brian , Barbour Leonard J. , Kitagawa Susumu , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: July 2021

Structural changes at the active site of an enzyme induced by binding to a substrate molecule can result in enhanced activity in biological systems. Herein, we report that the new hybrid ultramicroporous material sql‐SIFSIX‐bpe‐Zn exhibits an induced fit binding mechanism when exposed to acetylene, C2H2. The resulting phase change affords exceptionally strong C2H2binding that in turn enables highly selective C2H2/C2H4and C2H2/CO2separation demonstrated by dynamic breakthrough experiments. sql‐SIFSIX‐bpe‐Zn was observed to exhibit at least four phases: as‐synthesised (α); activated (β); and C2H2induced phases (β′ and γ). sql‐SIFSIX‐bpe‐Zn‐β exhibited strong affinity for C2H2at ambient conditions as demonstrated by benchmark isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) of 67.5 kJ mol−1validated through in situ pressure gradient differential scanning calorimetry (PG‐DSC). Further, in situ characterisation and DFT calculations provide insight into the mechanism of the C2H2induced fit transformation, binding positions and the nature of host‐guest and guest‐guest interactions.
Highly selective custom‐made chitosan based membranes with reduced fuel permeability for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Divya Kumar , Rana Dipak , Rameesha Laila , Sri Abirami Saraswathi Meenakshi Sundram , Nagendran Alagumalai
Published: July 2021

Custom‐made nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are fabricated using the blends of sulfonated chitosan (S‐Chitosan) and sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) nanosheets for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Sulfonation of chitosan and GO are carried out by 1,3‐propane sultone and sulfanilic acid, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray investigation revealed that the thick, folded and wrinkled sheet‐like morphology of SGO and the existence of elemental sulfur. SEM and atomic force microscopy images showed the uniform dispersion of hydrophilic SGO nanosheets. Besides the S‐Chitosan/SGO membranes showed higher water uptake, swelling ratio and ion exchange capacity due to the enhancement in hydrophilicity. The modified PEMs displayed improvement in proton conductivity since the ion‐exchangeable sulfonic acid groups facilitate the proton conduction and effectively resist the methanol permeability by forming a strong hydrogen bond network with chitosan and thus diminish the void volume. Particularly, S‐Chiotsan‐1 membrane showed superior proton conductivity of 4.86 × 10−3 Scm−1 at (25°C), selectivity of 1.89 × 105 Scm−3 s and lesser methanol permeability of 2.57 × 10−8 cm2s−1. Overall results suggest that the S‐Chitosan/SGO membranes found to be a suitable alternate for Nafion® in DMFCs.
Catechol‐containing waterborne polyurethane adhesive inspired by mussel proteins
Authors: Ren Longfang , Lin Congcong , Lei Pingchuan
Published: July 2021

A series of waterborne polyurethane (PDMAPU) containing catechol group were prepared by double‐bond random copolymerization of terminated double bond polyurethane prepolymer with modified acrylamido dopamine under thermal initiation. This kind of mussel‐like waterborne polyurethane adhesive is inspired by marine mussel, as well as it is environment‐friendly and used in bonding of leather. FTIR and 1H NMR proved the successful introduction of catechol group into polyurethane matrix. Oxidative cross‐linking between catechol unit and molecular chain in PDMAPU structure, the thermal stability and crystallization ability of PDMAPU was significantly improved. The increase of the particle size of PDMAPU emulsion showed that the introduction of catechol group changed the microstructure of polyurethane and enhanced the cross‐linking degree. The water resistance of polyurethane emulsion was further improved. Compared with PU without catechol group, the peel strength of leather substrate adhered by PDMAPU emulsion increased from 0.42 to 1.93 MPa, which indicated that PDMAPU has better bonding properties with leather. The bidentate hydrogen bond formed with catechol group as the reaction sites is considered to be the key reason for the adhesion of mussel‐like polyurethane adhesive to hydrophilic substrates. This work provides an alternative to prepare environment‐friendly high performance adhesive for hydrophilic substrates.
Synthesis and Dehydrogenation of Organic Salts of a Five‐Membered B/N Anionic Chain, a Novel Ionic Liquid
Authors: Chen Xi‐Meng , Jiang Xin , Jing Yi , Chen Xuenian
Published: July 2021

We have synthesized the tetrabutylammonium ([Bu4N]+), tetraethylammonium ([Et4N]+), guanidinium ([C(NH2)3]+), and methylguanidinium ([C(N3H5CH3)]+) salts of the [BH3(NH2BH2)2H]− anion, a five‐membered B/N anionic chain, in high yields by the metathesis reactions of Na[BH3(NH2BH2)2H] with the corresponding halides and characterized them by NMR (11B, 11B{1H}, 1H, 1H{11B}, 13C), IR, elemental analysis, TGA‐DSC, and TGA‐MS. These complexes behave like ionic liquids (ILs), in which the melting point of the [Bu4N][BH3(NH2BH2)2H] is the lowest (−51 °C). The dehydrogenation of these ILs have been studied through the thermal decomposition and catalytic hydrolysis in aqueous solution using the noble or non‐noble metals or their salts as catalysts, and the results indicate that these ILs of five‐membered B/N anionic chain are promising hydrogen storage materials.
Biological Effects of Hypomagnetic Field: Ground‐Based Data for Space Exploration
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Xue Yanru , Yang Jiancheng , Shang Peng , Yuan Xichen
Published: July 2021

The future of mankind is tied to the exploration and eventual colonization of space. Currently, people have resided in orbit at a space station. In the future, we will have opportunities to stay on the moon, Mars, or in deeper space, where astronauts are exposed to the hypomagnetic field (HMF), which refers to an extremely weak magnetic field environment compared with the geomagnetic field. However, the potential risks of HMF exposure to human health are often overlooked. Here, we summarize the literature related to the biological effects of HMF and calculate the magnitude of the effect. Briefly, HMF impairs multiple animal systems, especially in the central nervous system. Additionally, HMF is a stress factor in plant growth and reproduction. Finally, HMF combined with other space environments, such as radiation and microgravity, can affect organisms. Further studies are required to explore (i) countermeasures to the adverse effects of HMF, (ii) combined effects of HMF with other factors, and (iii) the intensity‐effect relationship. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Individual participant data meta‐analysis of the impact of educational interventions on pupils eligible for Free School Meals
Authors: Ashraf Bilal , Singh Akansha , Uwimpuhwe Germaine , Higgins Steven , Kasim Adetayo
Published: July 2021

Meta‐analysis is the synthesis of findings from research projects, which enables an estimate of the average or pooled effect across various studies. This study presents findings from the intention to treat analysis for a series of educational evaluations in England using a two‐stage meta‐analysis with standardised outcome data and individual participant data meta‐analyses. The research estimates the overall impact of educational trials on pupils eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and the attainment gap in literacy and mathematics performance between FSM and non‐FSM pupils based on analysis of 88 trials and data from over half a million pupils. For the meta‐analyses, frequentist and Bayesian multilevel models were used to estimate the individual and pooled effect size across categories of explanatory variables such as age groups (key stages in England) and aspects of the type of interventions (one‐to‐one, small group, whole class). Results indicated that the overall impact of interventions on the literacy outcomes of FSM pupils was positive, with a pooled effect size of 0.06 (0.03, 0.08). However, for mathematics, no overall effect on FSM pupils was observed. Analysis of the attainment gap indicated that literacy outcomes for FSM pupils were improved by interventions marginally more than for non‐FSM pupils (pooled attainment gap 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04)). The risk of bias assessment showed that estimates were consistent across different methodological approaches. Overall, evidence from this study can be used to identify, test and scale educational interventions in schools to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged pupils.
Construction of a structural enzyme adsorption/kinetics model to elucidate additives associated lignin–cellulase interactions in complex bioconversion system
Authors: Chan Ka‐Lai , Ko Chun‐Han , Chang Ken‐Lin , Leu Shao‐Yuan
Published: July 2021

Enzymatic hydrolysis is a rate‐limiting process in lignocellulose biorefinery. The reaction involves complex enzyme–substrate and enzyme–lignin interactions in both liquid and solid phases, and has not been well characterized numerically. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to incorporate dynamic enzyme adsorption and product inhibition parameters into hydrolysis simulation. The enzyme adsorption coefficients obtained from Langmuir isotherm were fed dynamically into first‐order kinetics for simulating the equilibrium enzyme adsorption in hydrolysis. A fractal and product inhibition kinetics was introduced and successfully applied to improve the simulation accuracy on adsorbed enzyme and glucose concentrations at different enzyme loadings, lignin contents, and in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme. The model provided numerical proof quantifying the beneficial effects of both additives, which improved the hydrolysis rate by reducing the nonproductive adsorption of enzyme on lignin. The hydrolysis rate coefficient and fractal exponent both increased with increasing enzyme loadings, and lignin inhibition exhibited with increasing fractal exponent. Compared with BSA, the addition of lysozyme exhibited higher hydrolysis rates, which was reflected in the larger hydrolysis rate coefficients and smaller fractal exponents in the simulation. The model provides new insights to support process development, control, and optimization.