bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Plantation Workers in Kerala, India
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Thulaseedharan Jissa Vinoda
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the major occupational health problems worldwide. Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) can indicate an underlying MSD. This paper assesses the prevalence of MSS among different plantation workers in Kerala, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2021 among 83 rubber tappers, 90 cardamom plantation workers, and 87 tea pluckers (N=260). The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) was used to capture the MSS. MSS was compared across the three types of plantation workers, and the Chi-square test was used to test the significance. The Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis. 
Results: The prevalence of MSS (any regions) in the last 12 months among all participants was 87.7% and did not significantly vary between the three groups of workers. In general, the most affected regions were the low back (61%), one or both knees (47%) and shoulders (44%), respectively. Compared to rubber tappers, the odds of MSS in hips/ thighs (adjusted OR=2.38: 95% CI: 1.17-4.84) and wrists (adjusted OR=3.77: 95% CI:1.85-7.69) were significantly high among cardamom plantation workers. But the odds of MSS in elbows (adjusted OR=0.58: 95% CI: 0.31-1.07) and knees (adjusted OR=0.26:95% CI: 0.10-0.63) were low in the tea plantation workers as compared to rubber tappers.
Conclusion: Though there was no variation in the overall prevalence of MSS between the three groups, there was a significant variation between the groups regarding the MSS in different body regions. Using supportive aids according to the nature of work and doing simple stretching exercises during breaks may help to improve the musculoskeletal health of plantation workers.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Empathy and its Association With Stress in Medical Students
Authors: Sharma Rachana , Sapkota Abhin , Acharya Ayushma , Luintel Prabesh , Paudel Luna , Sharma Shaina , Pradhan Sudarshan N.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Empathy is the cornerstone of the doctor-patient relationship and a crucial quality associated with better patient compliance and clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the level of empathy and its association with the level of stress in 3rd and 4th year medical students
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Medical College after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee and informed written consent from all the participants. The respondents completed a structured questionnaire including demographic profile, Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version, and Perceived Stress Scale. Data were entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.
Results: A total of 255 questionnaires were obtained with a response rate of 85.2%. The mean empathy score was 101.79 (SD  =  11.26) and the mean perceived stress score was 18.55(SD = 5.56). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between empathy and stress (p-value <0.01) and similar negative correlations were seen in sub-group analysis. Female students had higher empathy scores compared to their male counterparts (p-value <0.01). Fourth-year students reported lower empathy scores than third-year students (p-value <0.05). 
Conclusion: Stress was found to be a significant determinant of empathy among medical students. Medical educators must be aware of this and should try to incorporate means to alleviate stress in medical education. Furthermore, effective stress management techniques to preserve empathy in medical students with a view to improve clinical competency and achieve optimum patient care needs to be studied.
American Indian Ideologies in The Round House
Authors: Khanal Niran
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the ideologies in the Native American context as represented in Louise Erdrich’s The Round House. In this paper, I intend to examine the connection between the change in the belief system and its effects on the socio-cultural practices of indigenous communities. I argue that behind the ethical crisis and change in indigenous ideologies, these elements play the keyholes: the imposition of foreign values in the interest of colonial authority, intercultural interactions, and the rise of individualism due to the loss of indigenous cultural memory. One of the key elements that keep the indigenous ideologies alive is folklore. Traditionally, the indigenous folklores work as effective means to circulate the ideologies that shape the lifestyle of the Native American people. However, due to the external influences, the story listening culture has declined, and its impact surfaces as ecological crisis and changes in their way of living. The consequences of the ethical crisis manifest in the key principles that guide the tribal lifestyle. For instance, ecological sustainability, collective responsibility, and social welfare influence the shifting belief system that promotes individualism, materialistic gain, and competitiveness. Similarly, colonial intervention promotes capitalism by exploiting natural resources and adopting other unethical means. To testify to my assumption, the ethical degeneration in the Native American society as the effect of the loss of indigenous ideological impact, I have examined The Round House and the folklores narrated within it.
Study on adverse effects of COVISHIELD vaccine among hospital employees of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Tuladhar Lujaw Ratna , Khapung Anju , Dhakal Nishchal , Regmi Deepak , Sapkota Abja , Pokharel Jyotsana
Published: June 2022

Nepal government provided COVISHIELD vaccine first to the hospital employees and other front liners in January 2021. The objective of our study was to observe the adverse effects of the COVISHIELD among hospital employees of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2021. The study was commenced after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee of NMCTH. Self-reported socio-demographic details and symptomatic adverse effects reported after the first and second dose of COVISHIELD were noted. The data were entered in SPSS 16 and analysed. Out of 436 participants, 360 (82.6%) and 243 (55.7%) had reported adverse effects after the first and second dose of the COVISHIELD respectively. The adverse effects reported following COVISHIELD were common and predictable.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school children in Kirtipur Municipality, Kathmandu
Authors: Dahal Amulya , Roka Dev Bahadur , Prasad Shiv Mangal , Shrestha Srishti
Published: June 2022

Intestinal parasitic infections are a major cause of morbidity in developing countries including Nepal. Most common intestinal parasites reported in Nepal are Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, Hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Kirtipur Municipality, Kathmandu. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with prepared questionnaire and stool examination between October to November, 2021. Altogether, 409 stool samples were randomly collected from different schools and examined by direct smear method. Out of 409 stool samples, 73 (17.8%) were positive and 336 (82.1%) were negative. Among positive cases, helminthic infection was seen in 45 (11.0%) and protozoan infection was found in 28 (6.8%). Altogether eight species of intestinal parasites were detected, the most common was A. lumbricoides (34.2%), followed by protozoa G. lamblia (23.3%), E. histolytica (15.1%), T. trichiura (10.96%), Hookworm (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis (4.11%), Taenia solium (4.11%) and H. nana (1.37%) respectively. Study showed that, there was 63 (86.30%) single infections, 9 (12.33%) double infections and 1 (1.37%) multiple infection. The present study reveals that intestinal parasites are abundant among students of Kirtipur Municipality, Kathmandu. The situation strongly calls for the use of control measures including treatment of infected individuals, improvement of health status of infected students by health education, public health awareness and also develop the health care facilities and aware the people for the utilization of health services.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among people working in community pharmacy: a cross-sectional study at Banke District in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Aswani , Gupta Arvind Kumar , KC Balaram , Sah Niraj Prasad , Sarraf Deependra Prasad
Published: June 2022

The burden of ADRs is high globally and it accounts for considerable morbidity, mortality, and extra cost to the patients. Pharmacovigilance plays a significant role in the detection, assessment, understanding and reporting of ADRs. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among people working in community pharmacies in the Banke District. A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among people working in community pharmacies in Banke district from February to March 2022 using a 20 item semi-structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical review committee (501/078-079). Data were entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and data were presented as tables. Only 46 (22.89%) respondents knew the definition of pharmacovigilance. Mean knowledge score of the respondents was 2.87±2.05 out of the maximum possible score of 10. Only 40 (19.9%) respondents had knowledge score ≥50%. Out of 201, 180 (89.55%) respondents thought that reporting of adverse drug reaction will be beneficial in the future. A total of 136 (67.66%) respondents had positive attitude towards pharmacovigilance. One hundred and seventy seven (88.06%) had not seen ADR reporting form. A total of 166 (82.59%) respondents had poor practice towards pharmacovigilance. Majority of the respondents had poor knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice of pharmacovigilance. There is urgent need of educational programs on pharmacovigilance to raise awareness.
Patterns of prescription and adverse drug reaction profile of Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs at orthopedic out-patients department
Authors: Neupane Ganesh Prasad , Rai Maya , Rokaya Poojan Kumar
Published: June 2022

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed drugs all over the world. These are used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Systematic evaluation of prescription patterns and monitoring of adverse drug reactions is required to increase the therapeutic benefit and decrease the adverse effects of these drugs. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months from September 2021 to February 2022 in 300 patients prescribed least one NSAID to assess the prescription patterns and adverse drug reaction profile (ADR) of NSAIDs prescribed in the orthopedic outpatient department. Among enrolled patients 52% were female and 48% were male. The most common age group was 20-39. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.89. A total of 868 drugs were prescribed, out of which 402 were NSAIDs (46.31%). Naproxen was the most prescribed agent (45.02%), followed by Diclofenac (17.17%). ADR was reported in 12% of patients. Most of the ADRs were due to Naproxen (72.18%) followed by Ibuprofen (16.66%). The gastrointestinal system was involved in maximum patients and the most common ADR was abdominal pain. Most of the drugs were prescribed by brand name 95.18%. Naproxen was the most prescribed NSAID and responsible for most ADRs. There was a higher prevalence of irrational prescribing, polypharmacy, and underreporting of ADR. A strategy must be developed and implemented for prescribing and rational use of NSAIDs and monitoring their harmful effects.
Role of colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of deep vein thrombosis of peripheral limbs at a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu
Authors: Tuladhar Abhushan Siddhi , Khadka Pingala , Joshi Sammi , Koirala Keshika , Pradhan Sunil , Shrestha Amit
Published: June 2022

Deep venous thrombosis is the development of blood clots in the deep veins. The management of deep venous thrombosis has been irreversibly altered after the introduction of Doppler ultrasound. This study aims to find out the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs diagnosed with colour Doppler ultrasonography at a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology at a tertiary care hospital from October, 2021 to March, 2022. The study was conducted among 100 patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis. Data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 95.0% confidence limits was calculated and results were expressed in frequency and proportion for binary data. Among 100 patients, deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 88 (88.0%) patients (95% CL: 81.63-94.37). The patients had a mean age of 48.4±1.6 years. Out of 88 patients, 46 (52.3%) were male and 42 (47.7%) were female. Seventy-three (82.9%) patients had acute DVT. Multiple contiguous veins were predominantly involved (75.0%) than isolated veins (25.0%). Coexisting pathological conditions were seen in 41 cases (46.6%). The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs diagnosed with colour Doppler ultrasonography was higher when compared to other similar reported literatures.
STEAM Education for Transformative Mathematics Learning
Authors: Lamichhane Basanta Raj
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I have tried to explore hegemonic western cultural worldview which heavily influences the traditional disciplinary egocentric curriculum practices. Western hegemonic culture's overriding inspirations in mathematics education have established western modern worldviews, culture, and traditions as universal standards. Through the so-called standard norms and values, the powerful countries (mainly western and European countries) have seized others' cultures, values, and perspectives and thus developed the culture of silence. Conventional disciplinary egocentrism indoctrinates hegemonic culture that makes the learners unaware of their ways of being, knowing, and doing. It severely affects less powerful (politically, economically and technologically) countries' education systems by pervading instrumental, decontextualized and bureaucratic thought and beliefs. It engulfs humanitarian, biocultural, political, and spiritual perspectives of mathematics education. It signifies that we urgently need to revitalize mathematics education by incorporating newly emerging perspectives; one such perspective might be STEAM education. I would like to discuss the different perspectives of STEAM education and explore how STEAM education contributes to creating new synergetic learning spaces in mathematics education by enhancing transformative learning practices. The primary concern of STEAM education is to acknowledge local and contextual ways of beings, knowing, and doing. The recognition of the local cosmological knowledge, perspectives, and values support authenticate the learning process. The learning authentication widens the possibilities of active engagement of learners in the learning and decision-making process by deploying creative, critical, and imaginative thinking and skills. A deep engagement in a multi/inter/transdisciplinary learning process embraces the learners into bio-cultural differences; the lifelines of the human being support developing awareness, self-consciousness, and spiritual sensibility. STEAM perspectives always focus on enriching transformative agendas to create more authentic, inclusive, and empowering educational practices. It also empowers the learners to act as change agents for enhancing socially, ecologically, and bio-culturally just society that underpins to transform mathematics education.
Representation of the West and the Ideological Position of the Author in Belayettira Baralinda
Authors: Thapa Dharma Bahadur
Published: June 2022

Written by Tana Sarma Belayettira Baralinda [Roaming through England] is a pioneering work of travel account in Nepali literature. It recounts the author’s observations of European society during the mid-sixties of the twentieth century. The purpose of this paper is to see whether the author accepts the hegemonic discourse of the west of its progress and civilization or resists and contests it. For the textual analysis, it uses Antonio Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony, Michel Foucault’s Discourse theory and Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism and the generic parameters of travel writing. As the original text is in Nepali, the writer has translated the cited parts into English and wherever is necessary, the Nepali is also used followed by its English equivalent. This review finds that it undoubtedly is a classic work of travelogue in Nepalese literature which presents a vivid picture of Europe of the mid-sixties of the twentieth century. It is more varied and surpasses its predecessors like Jungabahadurko Belayet Yatra and it is more analytical and multifaceted. It has saved itself from the fault of admiring the west without being objective and critical. Thematically, it covers three areas: admiration of the west as the place of progress, plenty and freedom, sporadic critiquing its inhumanity and the expression of authorial ethos in the description of the west. The paper concludes that, despite sporadic moments of critiquing, Sarma’s travel account approves western hegemonic discourse.
Foreign Trade of Nepal: An Outline of India and Overseas Economies
Authors: Upadhyaya Yadav Mani , Kharel Khom Raj , Poudel Omkar
Published: June 2022

Background: This article seeks to explain the current status of Nepal's involvement in foreign trade. The major objective of this research is to look into Nepal's present foreign trade situation with India and the rest of the world
Methods: The study used a 29-years of time series data related to foreign trade, breaking down global foreign trade, Indian foreign trade, and overseas foreign trade one by one. Graphs, a simple regression model, and a log linear model are used for analysing the data.
Results: This study found a positive relationship between economic growth and both imports and exports. However, an export equal to one million can generate only 0.00133 million income for Nepal. Also, imports generate only 0.03451 million revenue of Nepal which is very low.
Conclusion: Foreign trade is essential for Nepal's economic growth, yet it is still a long way off.
Saptagandaki Journal
Authors: Subedi Kapil Dev
Published: June 2022

Not Available
Recommended polymer workflow: Lab (cm and m scale)
Authors: Stavland Arne , Åsen Siv Marie , Lohne Arild , Aursjø Olav , Hiorth Aksel
Published: June 2022

Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
Recommended polymer workflow: Interpretation and parameter identification
Authors: Lohne Arild , Stavland Arne , Åsen Siv Marie , Aursjø Olav , Hiorth Aksel
Published: June 2022

Injecting a polymer solution into a porous medium significantly increases the modeling complexity, compared to model a polymer bulk solution. Even if the polymer solution is injected at a constant rate into the porous medium, the polymers experience different flow regimes in each pore and pore throat. The main challenge is to assign a macroscopic porous media “viscosity” to the fluid which can be used in Darcy law to get the correct relationship between the injection rate and pressure drop. One can achieve this by simply tabulating experimental results (e.g., injection rate vs pressure drop). The challenge with the tabulated approach is that it requires a huge experimental database to tabulate all kind of possible situations that might occur in a reservoir (e.g., changing temperature, salinity, flooding history, permeability, porosity, wettability etc.). The approach presented in this report is to model the mechanisms and describe them in terms of mathematical models. The mathematical model contains a limited number of parameters that needs to be determined experimentally. Once these parameters are determined, there is in principle no need to perform additional experiments.
Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow
Authors: Aursjø Olav , Hiorth Aksel , Khrulenko Alexey , Nødland Oddbjørn Mathias
Published: June 2022

There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
The Effect of Jingle Health Promotion Media on the Knowledge of Covid-19 Prevention in the GRJB Group
Authors: Pranata Fanny Cosla , Winarni Sri , Suharno Budi
Published: June 2022

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and respiratory infections, ranging from the common cold to serious illnesses such as Middle East Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Due to the fact that there are still many people who do not comply with the Covid-19 prevention health protocol, the author took the initiative to conduct research on "The effect of jingle health promotion media on knowledge of Covid-19 prevention at GRJB in Karang Bendo Village, Jajang Surat Hamlet, Rogojampi District, Banyuwangi Regency. This study aims to determine the influence of jingle health promotion media on knowledge of covid-19 prevention in the GRJB group (Jajang Surat Bersatu Youth Movement) in Karang Bendo Village, Jajang Surat Sub-district, Rogojampi District, Banyuwangi Regency. This research is a quantitative study using the One - Group Pretest - Posttest Design method. This pretest-prottest design group is included in the Pre-Experimental Designs (nondesign) research, with a total sample of 30 respondents. The inclusion criteria of respondents are 16-28 years old and are members of the GRJB group (Jajang Surat Bersatu Youth Movement). Data collection uses questionnaire directly and the form of intervention or treatment by listening to the jingle to the respondent. The results of the research on the level of knowledge found that there was a change in knowledge from the previous results of the pretest only 96.7% of respondents whose knowledge was categorized as good, after the intervention was 100%, it could be concluded that there was a change in knowledge of the respondents after the intervention or treatment. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there was an influence of media jingles about the importance of complying with health protocols in an effort to prevent covid 19 on the knowledge of the GRJB group (H1 was accepted).
PENGARUH EKSTRAK KACANG TUNGGAK (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) TERHADAP PROLIFERASI MATURASI EPITEL (PENEBALAN EPITEL ) SEL LEHER RAHIM (SERVIKS)
Authors: Yuliani Ita , Sondakh Jenny JS , Yulindahwati Asworoningrum
Published: June 2022

Hipoestrogen pada wanita menopause menyebabkan banyak keluhan baik fisik maupun psikis, salah satunya adalah perubahan pada servik yaitu  atrofi/ penipisan  serviks (Baziat 2003 : Gde dkk., 2018). Terapi Hormon Replacement Therapi (HRT) estrogen  dalam waktu lama meningkatkan resiko kanker payudara dan kanker rahim. Perlu dicari alternatif lain sebagai penganti HRT yaitu Kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata) yang dianggap mampu meningkatkan proliferasi maturasi epitel (penebalan epitel) serviks. Desain penelitian ini adalah true experimental design karena terdapat perlakuan, kelompok kontrol dan randomisasi dengan jenis post test only control group. dimana pengujian dilakukan setelah intervensi. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah tikus strain Wistar betina yang memenuhi kriteria dilakukan ovarektomi. Kelompok perlakuan ada 3 : tikus kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), tikus diberi perlakuan ekstrak kacang tunggak 5 mg/KgBB dan diberi perlakuan (P1) beta estradiol 5?g/kgBB (P2). Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata) terhadap proliferasi maturasi epitel (penebalan epitel) serviks pada tikus hipoestrogen. Tempat penelitian Laboratorium Farmakologi, Fisiologi dan Patologi Anotomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang.Waktu Penelitian Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan mulai bulan Agustus 2021s/d November 2021.  Hasil penelitian mengunakan oneway Anova didapatkan P Value (0.00) kurang dari Alfa (0.05) maka terdapat perbedaan hasil perlakuan secara signifikan antara kelompok (Kontrol, P1 dan P2). Uji lanjutan LSD dan Mean Plots dapat disimpulkan ekstrak kacang tunggak 5 mg/KgBB memberikan perbedaan paling optimal terhadap proliferasi maturasi epitel (penebalan epitel) sel leher rahim (Serviks).
Parenting self-efficacy and time involvement in remote schooling of elementary school children with and without hearing and/or speech disorders
Authors: Keresteš Gordana , Pavičić Dokoza Katarina , Punjek Lucija , Bakota Koraljka
Published: June 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote schooling was conducted on several occasions in the Republic of Croatia. The aim of this study is to compare the remote schooling experiences of parents of elementary school children with hearing and/or speech and language disorders and those of parents of typically developing children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parental time involvement and predictors of general parenting self-efficacy were examined using two online surveys based on the same questionnaire. The first survey involved 267 parents of typically developing children, while the second involved 109 parents of children with hearing and/or speech and language disorders. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and hierarchical regression analysis. Our results show that, on working days and on weekends, parents of children with developmental disorders invested significantly more time in their child’s remote schooling than parents of typically developing children. Furthermore, higher general parenting self-efficacy was reported by parents who had more children, those whose children were more independent regarding remote schooling, those whose children did not suffer from developmental disorders, as well as those who experienced less stress due to their child’s remote schooling. Our study highlights the importance of adapting the remote schooling model based on the different needs and abilities of students, as well as the requirements of their families in order to prevent low parenting self-efficacy and improve students’ educational achievements.
„Sretni smo poslije svakog tog zooma“
Authors: Klepo Ivana , Bartolac Andreja , Ščurić Ivica , Dubroja Ivan , Blažinčić Valentina , Levanić Damirka , Dilber Klara , Tršinski Dubravko
Published: June 2022

Uključenost obitelji u proces rehabilitacije osoba s ozljedom mozga iznimno je važna, no zbog prevencije širenja zaraze virusom SarsCov19 onemogućeni su posjeti i boravak uz bližnju oboljelu osobu u zdravstvenim ustanovama. Cilj je ovog istraživanja steći uvid u iskustvo članova obitelji kojima je bližnji boravio na bolničkoj rehabilitaciji zbog posljedica ozljede mozga u vrijeme pandemije, a kojima je omogućena komunikacija putem virtualne platforme Zoom. Namjeran uzorak sudionika uključuje 11 članova obitelji koji su imali kontinuiranu interakciju sa svojim bližnjim putem videoveze, koja je bila dio radnoterapijske intervencije. U ovom kvalitativnom istraživačkom nacrtu prikupljanje podataka provedeno je putem polustrukturiranog intervjua, a dva su neovisna istraživača provela tematsku analizu kojom su izdvojene tri glavne teme: (1) Suočavanje s traumatskom ozljedom člana obitelji, (2) Iskustvo omogućenog videopoziva tijekom rehabilitacije i (3) Čimbenici obiteljske otpornosti. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na snažne emocionalne reakcije sudionika i promjene u njihovu svakodnevnom životu uslijed traumatskog događaja i nemogućnosti boravka uz ozlijeđenog člana u bolnici. Iskustvo interakcije putem video veze pokazalo se posebno značajnim za sudionike jer im je omogućilo uvid u zdravstveno stanje bližnjeg, uključenost u rehabilitacijski proces, kao i praćenje oporavka bližnjeg. Sve su to čimbenici koji su pridonijeli otpornosti članova obitelji. Istraživanje ukazuje i na perspektivu primjene virtualnih metoda komunikacije i uključivanja članova obitelji u proces skrbi i rehabilitacije i izvan pandemijskog konteksta, u drugim okolnostima u kojima članovi obitelji ne mogu fizički boraviti uz svojeg bližnjeg u bolnici.
Obilježja ranog rječničkog razvoja u djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma
Authors: Popčević Klara
Published: June 2022

Poremećaj iz spektra autizma (PSA) neurorazvojni je poremećaj koji obilježavaju prvenstveno nedostatci u socijalnoj interakciji i komunikaciji. Ti nedostatci, prema nekim teorijskim pristupima, čine nestabilan temelj za usvajanje jezika. U najranijim početcima jezičnog razvoja navedeno se može odraziti već u rječničkom razvoju djece s ovim poremećajem. Moguća odstupanja u rječničkom razvoju istražuju se na razini tempa usvajanja riječi te rječničkog sastava. Istraživanja potvrđuju veliku raznolikost u jezičnim sposobnostima djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Većina djece s ovim poremećajem kasni u proizvodnji prvih riječi te ih usvaja sporijim tempom. Zbog toga je veličina njihova rječnika često manja u odnosu na očekivanja prema kronološkoj dobi. Manji dio istraživanja upućuje na moguća odstupanja u rječničkom sastavu, odnosno razvojnim putanjama pojedinih vrsta riječi. Sastav rječnika djelomično se razlikuje u tipološki različitim jezicima, što upućuje na potrebu istraživanja rječničkog razvoja djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma u različitim jezicima. U hrvatskom jeziku istraživanja rječničkog razvoja djece s ovim poremećajem za sada ne postoje. Temeljem pregleda istraživanja u ovom se radu izdvajaju ključne kliničke implikacije za logopedske intervencije koje uključuju poticanje jezičnog razvoja djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma te metodološke implikacije za daljnja istraživanja rječničkog razvoja.
Strengthening Identity and Social Responsibility among Roma University Students
Authors: Varga Aranka , Trendl Fanni , Vitéz Kitti
Published: June 2022

The aim of our research is to present how the identity and social responsibility wasstrengthened by a Roma Student College in Higher Education. We rely on the literature ofequality and equity, which is examined in the context of empowerment, resilience andintersectionality (Varga, 2017). Our research sample consists of the community membersof the diverse (Roma, non-Roma, disadvantaged students) Roma Student College of Pécs,Hungary. The sample university students are considered resilient (Masten, 2008), as they haveovercome the hardships of their family background and study now in Higher Education.Our study gives an analysis and highlights of 27 biographical interviews from the perspectiveof their pre-university years and the years spent as Student College members. The summaryof the grant period between 2016 and 2018 will reveal the diverse programs, which wereavailable for students in the Student College and can be divided into three main groups.The positive role of some of these and the Student College community appeared in thenarratives as a strikingly relevant factor.
MIGRATION OF TRANSIT BIRD SPECIES IN BASTAK RESERVE IN YEARS WITH SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS OF SPRING PERIOD
Authors: Biserov M.F.
Published: June 2022

The author shows that most species of birds crossing the Bureinsky Highlands in transit in years with a warmer spring, begin to migrate at an earlier date. They fly around the Bureinsky highlands with adjacent plains and foothills. This refers most to birds flying in flocks. They can also change routes of annual migration.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND AGE STRUCTURE OF SABLE (MARTES ZIBELLINA L., 1758) IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION
Authors: Brykova A.L. , Frisman L.V. , Kapitonova L.V.
Published: June 2022

The genetic variability and age structure analysis of the sable population in the Jewish Autonomous region (JAR) was carried out on the basis of six hunting seasons 2011–2022. The authors studied the distribution of genotypes, allelic composition and its change over time for microsatellites Ma3 and Mer_041. In most of the seasonal collections, there was a lack of heterozygotes. However, the genotypic balance for both loci was disturbed only in one season of six. The age structure analysis was carried out on the materials (hunting collections of sables) of five hunting seasons in the JAR. It showed that the most represented are the age groups actively involved in reproduction, while the number of underyearlings is somewhat lower. We can assume a more or less stable state of the sable population in JAR , which is confirmed by the data of genetic analysis.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF MODERN WOODY VEGETATION AT THE VYAZEMSKY NATURE PARK
Authors: Veliky A.S.
Published: June 2022

The article gives the results of analysis of a part of the Vyazemsky nature park according to the main taxation indicators. It is found that this territory has been significantly degraded due to forestry operations and improper control, evidenced by huge losses in the stock and quality of the stand.
NEW LOCATION, STATUS ASSESSMEMT AND RISKS OF THE LICHEN MENEGAZZIA TEREBRATA (PARMELIACEAE ) PROTECTED SPECIES DISAPPEARANCE IN THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Authors: Motorykina T.N.
Published: June 2022

In the article, the author provides the data on a new locality in the Khabarovsk Territory of the rare species of lichen Menegazzia terebrata , included in the Red Data Books of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Russian Federation. It is made an assessment of its condition at the control point on the border of the Malmyzhskoye deposit development sanitary protection zone. The author shows the risks of this rare species extinction and offers measures for its conservation.
APPLICATION OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE AMUR TIGER TRAPPING STATIONS IN THE BASTAK NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Alexandrova A.M. , Polkovnikov I.L.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the authors consider the application of the geographical information system QGIS, which is in the public domain, to track the prey base of the Amur tiger in the Bastak reserve. The most visited sites of the reserve in 2019–2021 by the male named Bastak, the tigress Zolushka and her daughter Tala are marked.
NATURE CALENDAR OF THE BASTAK RESERVE
Authors: Sivak L.V. , Lonkina E.S. , Makarenko V.P.
Published: June 2022

The calendar provides information on the dependence of climatic changes on the date of phenological phases for the period of 2001–2021. It is found out that the majority of phenological phenomena occur in the middle long-term periods; the greatest shift in the onset timing was recorded for spring phenological phenomena. In the plant world, it is herbaceous plants that react faster to changes in temperature conditions, while in the animal world – ticks, butterflies and Far Eastern frogs.
POLYMORFISM AND LEVEL OF DIFFERENTIATION IN ISLAND AND MAINLAND POPULATIONS OF THE STRIPED FIELD MOUSE APODEMUS AGRARIUS IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST SOUTH, ON THE MICROSATELLITES ANALYSIS DATA
Authors: Frisman L.V. , Sheremetyeva I.N. , Kartavtseva I.V. , Pavlenko M.V. , Rodimtseva D.V.
Published: June 2022

An assessment of polymorphism and the level of differentiation in insular and mainland populations of the field mouse was carried out. Specimens of four islands in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan and four regions on the mainland of the of the Russian Far East South were tested. Nuclear markers of 5 microsatellite loci were studied. The results demonstrate higher allelic diversity in the mainland part of the range, with a significantly higher level of differentiation in the insular part of the range.
SANCTUARIES AS THE ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION FACTOR IN THE OKHOTA RIVER BASIN
Authors: Schlotgauer S.D.
Published: June 2022

In the paper it is considered the biological diversity of the plant world in the basin of the Okhota River upper reaches. This biodiversity is very important for preserving the water content in lakes Neck, Khel-Degi and Ueginsky. Its functioning provides preservation of the rare salmon – neiva – habitats, as its population size depends on the stability of natural and climatic conditions and the preservation of forest vegetation in the area.
FEATURES OF THE VEGETATION COVER OF THE MAISKY BIOLOGICAL RESERVE
Authors: Schlotgauer S.D.
Published: June 2022

The projected reserve in the Maya River basin represents typical intact ecosystems of the Western Okhotsk region, consisted of larch, cedar and alder-dwarf communities. Spruce forests are marked by fragments and are interspersed in vegetation along stream valleys and leeward slopes. The basin of the Maya Polovinnaya River is located in the contact area of the Okhotsk-Kamchatka, East Siberian, Ural-Siberian and, to a lesser extent, Manchurian flora. Mountains of the Maisky, Ushkansky and Atagsky ranges include plant communities of high latitudes (Arctic) and plants circumpolarly distributed in Europe, Asia and North America. The main core of the flora is formed by Okhotsk-Kamchatka plants of Beringian origin and East Siberian plants that arose on the ancient uplift of the Angarid continent. On the one hand, this determines the species diversity, and, on the other hand, it makes many plant communities unstable. Over 45% of taxa are at the limit of their distribution.
Rules that break other rules: Felix Gonzalez-Torres’s ‘candy works’ and the logic of neoliberalism
Authors: Vicario Niko
Published: June 2022

The ‘candy works’ of the artist Felix Gonzalez-Torres (1957–1996), already the subject of extensive scholarship, have been considered alongside post-Minimalism, queer aesthetics, Conceptual art, Fluxus practices of the 1960s, Duchampian readymades and the tactile, participatory objects of Lygia Clark and Hélio Oiticica. Often involving vast ‘spills’ of sweets, the ‘candy works’ have been described as surrogates for bodies, including that of Gonzalez-Torres’s partner Ross Laycock, whose death from AIDS in 1991 suggests an analogy between the dispersal of sweets and spreading of the virus. The range of interpretations was underwritten by the permissiveness of the artist, who died five years later, also from AIDS-related complications. In this article, Niko Vicario considers the works in relation to neoliberalism as it was gaining political and social traction in the 1990s. Vicario posits a meaningful link between the deregulations of neoliberal capitalism and the way in which rules and rule-breaking function in the candy spills – our encounter with and our metabolism of them, and the stipulations governing their display.
Strained listening: sensing underwater noise pollution in Calder Harben’s ‘Bodies of Water’
Authors: Lalonde Chanelle
Published: June 2022

In 2017 the artist Calder Harben (b.1986) produced a sound installation titled Bodies of Water, which engages with the increasing violence of underwater noise pollution. In this immersive installation, participants encounter looped recordings of low-frequency noise pollution in a dimly lit gallery space. The work of art asks visitors to imagine the experience of marine species whose lives are dramatically disrupted by the noise produced by ships and vessels used for extractive activities, shipping commercial goods and recreational purposes. In her article, Chanelle Lalonde explores how Harben’s work ethically engages with the issue of water and noise pollution not merely by bringing attention to it, but in its development of a listening practice that requires reckoning with the limitations of the human sensorium. Bodies of Water, Lalonde argues, demands a process of continuous straining; a mode of listening that is not extractive, but one that embraces unfamiliarity.
Analysis of Steam Needs at Stelilizer Station With 80 Minutes at Pt Socfindo Seunagan Palm Oil Factory
Authors: Refendi Asri Refendi , Ali Sulaiman , Supardi Joli
Published: June 2022

The process of making palm oil fresh fruit bunches (FFB) into crude palm oil (CPO) goes through many processing sessions. The processing steps were tried at several stations, including reception stations, sorting stations, sterilizer stations, thresher stations, digester and press stations, and clarification stations. One very useful process lies in the sterilizer station. The quality of the resulting CPO, one of which depends on the boiling process at the sterilizer station. FFB boiling process at PT. Socfindo seunagan uses a triple peak system, with pressures near 2.5 to 3 bar. The boiling process is tried for 80 to 85 minutes. The processing time, which takes so long, will ripen the fruit to the bottom
Analysis of Belt Conveyor Damage in Coal Feeder Units 1-2 Using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Method at PT. PLN (Persero) UPK Nagan Raya 2x110 MW
Authors: Robi Ardiansyah  , Hartati Rita
Published: June 2022

This research focuses on conveyor belts on coal feeder units 1-2 located in PT. PLN PLTU Nagan Raya. Belt conveyor is a tool used to move coal from coal feeder to boiler or kiln, belts from conveyor belts are made of various types of materials such as plastic, rubber, leather, metal or other materials depending on the type and nature of the material transported. The purpose of this study is to find out the root cause of the problem of conveyor belt damage in coal feeder units 1-2. The method used is the FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method and provides a proposed improvement with the 5W + 1H method (what, why, who, when, where and how). Data collection methods are carried out in two ways, namely library studies and elevation directly into the field through interviews with the company's management. The results showed that the better the quality of coal used, the lower the number of damage that occurs on the conveyor belt.