bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJECT OF SAUSAGES USING PREBIOTIC AND COLLAGEN GEL
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Shirokova N.V. , Kobylyatskiy P.S. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Currently, the food industry faces challenges that are not solved by a simple quantitative increase in production, but require qualitatively new approaches. The article discusses the possibility of using a prebiotic and collagen gel in the sausage production technology. The main task in the development of a new recipe for sausages was to use the best combination of prebiotic, collagen gel, raw meat and to expand the range of sausages, as well as to reduce the cost of the finished product. Fat reduction and prebiotic fortification are the main goals of the functional nutrition concept. Increased consumer interest in healthy eating contributes to an increase in demand for meat products with a reduced fat content, which poses a challenge for meat industry specialists associated with the important role of adipose tissue in forming consumer characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the substances that can replace adipose tissue in meat products. In this regard, it is important to use inulin, which, on the one hand, is a prebiotic, and on the other, it has technological properties that allow imitating fat in a product. The use of collagen gel improves economic performance of production by reducing production costs and losses during heat treatment and by rationalizing the use of low-grade meat raw materials. Experimental studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technologies of the Donskoy State Agrarian University. Basing on the research carried out, a recipe and a technological scheme for sausages production have been developed. Evaluation of the minced meat composition quality parameters indicates that the minced meat composition containing 80% of poultry meat, 15% collagen gel and 5% inulin, has a high degree of protein and fat balance. On the basis of organoleptic and physicochemical studies, a rational formulation of the product is proposed. An improvement in organoleptic and rheological characteristics has been established. The optimal dose of prebiotic and collagen gel introduction into the developed sausages has been substantiated. Studies have shown that the production of cooked sausages using a prebiotic and collagen gel is a promising direction.
GROWING CONDITIONS INFLUENCE ON MAIZE CROPS PHYTOSANITARY STATE
Authors:   Penza State Agrarian University, Gavryushina I.V. , Semina S.A. ,   Penza State Agrarian University, Nadezhkin S.M. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing
Published: February 2021

An important place in the set of measures aimed at increasing the yield of maize is occupied by the methods of using fertilizers, herbicides and growth regulators. The yield of maize is largely determined by the phytosanitary state of crops. Maize has an average competitiveness and is sensitive to the presence of an excessive amount of weed-field component in agrocenoses. The article presents the results of three-year studies on the use of the pre-emergence herbicide DualGold and the postemergence herbicide Elumisna in various agrophonics, and shows their role in reducing the weediness of crops in the early maturing hybrid of maize Ladoga 181 MB. The possibility of using the growth regulator Zircon using herbicides has been studied. The observations showed that three weeks after the application of the post-emergence herbicide, the combined use of herbicides had a more effective effect on the state of maize crops - the total weediness decreased by 77.3 ... 79.1%. In the same variants, weeds accumulated the smallest dry biomass - 14.4 ... 17.8 g against an unfertilized background and 23.8 ... 25.1 g when applying mineral fertilizers. For harvesting, the greatest biological efficiency was also noted with complex herbicide treatment - 53.7 ... 62.3%. A significant decrease in the dry weight of weeds was established due to chemical weeding: against an unfertilized background by 7.9 ... 9.1 times, with fertilization - by 4.2 ... 6.9 times. The complex application of the growth regulator Zircon with herbicides contributed to a decrease in the number and weight of weeds by the time of harvesting maize, did not increase the adaptation of weeds to the effects of chemicals.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF KIDNEYS AND HEART ECHOGRAMS IN DOGS WITH ENDOMETRITIS AND CATS WITH PYOMETRA
Authors:   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Satskevich V.Y. , Mamatova A.G. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Rykhlov A.S. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Kucheryavenkov M.A. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

According to the data provided by the Veterinary Hospital of the Saratov State Agrarian University, in the cities of Saratov, Balakovo and Engels, renal and heart failure in patients with endometritis and cats with pyometra were registered in 26.8-34.5% of all surveyed domestic animals. The results of abdominal echography, made by sick cats with pyometra and dogs with endometritis, showed the presence of renal failure of the following types: – 92.9% – glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis; – 2.4% – focal diseases (cysts); in 4.7% – hydronephrosis. In this group of animals with pathologies were identified: – pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis in 81.3%; – pathologies of a focal nature (cysts, masses) – in 4.0%; – pathologies of a hereditary nature – in 3.1%; – pathology of the collecting system, incl. hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis in 10.7% and 0.9% of sick dogs and cats, respectively. Echographically, the signs of heart failure (pericarditis, endcardiosis) are fairly objectively detected in 60.6% of the examined patients with endometritis and in 73.5% of patients with pyometra. Moreover, the combination of renal and heart failure in sick dogs and cats is recorded in 56.79% of cases. In inflammatory diseases in dogs in this case with endometritis and cats with pyometra in acute form, ultrasound shows: an increase in size (especially dorsoventral); the contours of the kidneys are indistinct; cortico-medullary differentiation is weak; the thickness of the parenchyma is heterogeneous and uneven, the collecting system of the kidneys is expanded. Echographically, the signs of heart disease and heart failure are quite objectively detected (pericarditis – 23.97%, endcardiosis – 16.83%, arrhythmias of various origins – 44.2% and other diseases of the heart and vascular system – 14.0%), in 60, 6% of the examined sick dogs with endometritis and 73.5% of sick cats with pyometra. Moreover, the combination in sick dogs and cats of renal and heart failure is recorded in 56.79% of cases.
ARCTIC HARE (LEPUS TIMIDUS L.) RESOURCE SITUATION IN THE RYAZAN AND TULA REGIONS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Chugreev M.K. , Blokhin G.I. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Morgunov N.A. ,   Federal Center for the Development of Hunting Sector, Tkacheva I.S. ,   Federal Center for the Development of Hunting Sector
Published: February 2021

The Arctic hare is a traditional favorite hunting object in Russia. One of the main tasks of ecology is the study of populations. The most important quantitative parameter for a biological community is the change in the number of its specimen. On the basis of official data on animal counts over the past 25 years, we have established some characteristics that provide information on the state of the Arctic hare resources in the Ryazan and Tula regions. The aim of this work was to carry out a population analysis of the Arctic hare resources in the south of the Moscow region in the Ryazan and Tula regions over the past 25 years. The population analysis included studying static (the number and density of the hare population, the volume of prey, as well as the long-term average value of the number) and dynamic (the dynamics of the number and volume of prey, the absolute and relative rate of change in the population size) indicators. Primary data on the population of hares were collected using the winter route accounting method. The population density of hares was determined on the total territory of the hunting grounds in the corresponding territory. Basing on the data obtained, it was revealed that over the past quarter of a century, the number of Arctic hares in the Ryazan region has a tendency to decrease. The population density of Arctic hares in 1995 and 2019 in the Tula region remained practically at the same level. The indicator of the Arctic hare kill in both Ryazan and Tula regions tends to decrease.
KRAJOBRAZ SUBURBIÓW – PRZESTRZENNY WYMIAR STYKU DWÓCH KULTUR: WIEJSKIEJ I MIEJSKIEJ
Authors: Kępkowicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak zetknięcie dwóch kultur – miejskiej i wiejskiej może wpływać na krajobraz i przestrzeń suburbiów. Czy spotkanie to jest formą mechanicznego zderzenia, w wyniku którego powstaje mozaika odłamków form macierzystych, czy też jest rodzajem wzajemnego przeniknięcia? W pracy podjęto rozważania nad historią relacji społeczności o korzeniach kulturowych miejskich i wiejskich, które mogły mieć wpływ na kształtowanie suburbiów. Podkreślono także wagę rozwiązań przyszłościowych w aspekcie ich przestrzennych i kulturowych powiązań z miastem lub wsią, która mogłaby polegać na współistnieniu kilku równoprawnych wariantów.
KURCZENIE SIĘ MIASTA NA PRZYKŁADZIE DETROIT
Authors: Trębacz Paweł
Published: February 2021

Kurczenie się miast jest zjawiskiem globalnym, zachodzącym współcześnie na obszarach dużych ośrodków poprzemysłowych. Jeden z najbardziej znanych przykładów, miasto Detroit, od 50 lat odnotowuje stałe zmniejszanie się liczby mieszkańców. Procesy dezurbanizacji wynikają nie tylko ze zmiany bazy ekonomicznej, ale z szerszych procesów kulturowych związanych z utratą znaczenia centrum metropolii na rzecz policentrycznej konurbacji w rejonie  metropolitalnym.
ZMIANA KRAJOBRAZU MIASTA W KONTEKŚCIE ODZYSKANIA TOŻSAMOŚCI MIASTA PORTOWEGO: HAMBURG I KILONIA A SZCZECIN
Authors: Petryshyn Halyna
Published: February 2021

Współczesne Niemcy dziś przodują w Europie w zakresie rewitalizacji struktur urbanistycznych. W tym zakresie tereny nadwodne jako środowisko potencjalnie przyjazne dla człowieka są objęte szczególną troską. Odbywa się reorientacja centrów miejskich ku wodzie, odkrywana jest tożsamość miast jako tworów nadwodnych. Tendencje rozwiązań koncepcyjnych w miastach niemieckich mogą stać się inspiracjami projektowymi dla miast polskich o podobnych wątkach rozwojowych.
WYSTAWY MIĘDZYNARODOWE I ICH WPŁYW NA KSZTAŁTOWANIE KRAJOBRAZU MIAST – PRÓBA RETROSPEKCJI I WSPÓŁCZESNEJ OCENY SKUTKÓW KRAJOBRAZOWYCH
Authors: Sykta Izabela
Published: February 2021

Wystawy międzynarodowe stworzyły szczególne okoliczności sprzyjające realizacji skrajnie oryginalnych i kontrowersyjnie ocenianych obiektów architektonicznych, które z czasem stawały się wyróżniającymi dominantami czy landmarkami w krajobrazie miast – gospodarzy wystaw. Tereny ekspozycyjne, wyposażane w obiekty, w założeniu tymczasowe, rozbierane po zakończeniu wystawy, stały się swoistym poligonem, na którym prezentowano najnowsze wynalazki techniczne, testowano nowe konstrukcje i formy, w sposób nieskrępowany poglądami tradycjonalistów, powszechnie podzielanych gustów i estetycznych przyzwyczajeń, uwarunkowaniami kontekstu krajobrazowego czy obowiązujących przepisów. Niekiedy, mimo zakładanej tymczasowości obiektów wystawowych, nie ulegały one likwidacji, pozostawały na terenach wystawowych na stałe, pełniąc dawne lub nowe funkcje, a przede wszystkim – często w sposób radykalny – zmieniając krajobraz miast. Dokonywało się dzięki nim estetyzowanie doświadczeń architektury, dostrzegano ich oryginalne walory przestrzenne i wizualne. Doceniano również ich nadzwyczajną cechę przyciągania uwagi i generowania nowych atrakcji turystycznych. Oponenci pozostawiania obiektów wystawowych traktowali je jako kłopotliwe dziedzictwo, często podkreślając nachalny nacjonalizm wielu budowli, ich sztuczne otoczenie oraz wskazując na niestosowność i nieprzystawalność nowych dominant do kontekstu krajobrazowego miast historycznych. Analiza współczesnego funkcjonowania terenów i obiektów powystawowych z Londynu, Paryża, Barcelony, Sewilli, Nowego Jorku, Saragossy i innych jest poprzedzona retrospektywnym przywołaniem ducha i czasów organizacji wystaw, z drugiej zaś strony stanowi próbę oceny ich zaplanowanych i nieplanowanych śladów odciśniętych w krajobrazie miast.
CZY KRAJOBRAZ MOŻE BYĆ „ZRÓWNOWAŻONY”? (KILKA UWAG TEORETYCZNYCH)
Authors: Szymski Adam M.
Published: February 2021

W artykule przedstawiono polemiczne stanowisko w kwestii możliwości powiązania problematyki architektury krajobrazu z ideą „zrównoważonego rozwoju” jako sposobu na zachowanie równowagi przyrodniczej w makro- i mikroskali. W kontekście tego dylematu autor stawia również pytanie o rolę architekta krajobrazu jako „kreatora przestrzeni” czy też „reżysera przeżyć i wrażeń”, którego działalność w istocie staje się podporządkowana lub wręcz wyznaczona kryterium „równowagi środowiskowej” w odniesieniu do terytoriów ludzkiego zamieszkania i użytkowania. Zdefiniowane w zapisie planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego określone obszary pośredniej lub bezpośredniej ochrony istniejących zasobów przyrodniczych czynią w istocie rolę architekta krajobrazu jedynie do pozorowania działań kreacyjnych możliwych do postrzegania, jako wydzielonych (wyrazistych) kompozycji przestrzennych posiadających określoną filozofię i stylistykę. Forsowanie idei „zrównoważonego rozwoju”, jako antidotum na aktualny stan „zachwiania” równowagi pomiędzy środowiskiem naturalnym a środowiskiem ludzkim, rozumianych tu jako środowisko „sztuczne” wydaje się być – w sensie praktycznym – czystą iluzją, chociaż sam postulat, by ludzie ograniczali działania, których wpływ na środowisko naturalne jest negatywny, do niezbędnego minimum, pozostaje w pełni zasadny w każdym czasie i w każdym miejscu działalności ludzkiej na kuli ziemskiej. Skoordynowanie tych przedsięwzięć z rolą architekta krajobrazu wydaje się – w świetle aktualnych przepisów prawa w Polsce – działaniem nie tylko nierealnym, ale wręcz pozostającym w sprzeczności z jego rolą i posiadanymi umiejętnościami.
MOŻLIWOŚCI REWITALIZACJI ZDEGRADOWANYCH TERENÓW REKREACYJNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE WZGÓRZA ELIZY W SZCZECINIE
Authors: Rzeszotarska-Pałka Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Obecna nadodrzańska dzielnica Szczecina – Golęcino (niem. Frauendorf, Golazin, Golentin) – należała przed II wojną światową do chętnie uczęszczanych przez szczecinian miejsc, ze względu na atrakcyjne położenie z malowniczym widokiem na Odrę. W połowie XIX stulecia na całym obszarze Golęcina znajdowało się wiele różnego rodzaju kawiarni, restauracji i hoteli, a dodatkowym atutem ówczesnego Frauendorfu było istnienie na jego terenie dwóch zakładów wodoleczniczych. Blask całej okolicy nadawało jednak wówczas Wzgórze Elizy (niem. Elisenhöhe, obecnie nazywane Wzgórzem Kupały), stanowiące naturalne wzniesienie morenowe skarpy nadodrzańskiej o wysokości 70 m nad poziomem morza. Rozciąga się z niego piękny widok, zarówno na Odrę, jak i pobliską dolinę wokół potoku wpadającego do rzeki. Na wzgórzu znajdowała się restauracja z rozległym tarasem widokowym. Działania wojenne oraz okres po 1945 r. spowodowały, że zagospodarowanie całej dzielnicy wraz ze słynnym Wzgórzem Elizy zostało zdegradowane, a po turystyczno-rekreacyjnym charakterze okolicy niewiele dziś pozostało. Zabudowa Wzgórza Elizy zostało zupełnie zniszczona, teren porastają samosieje, a takĪe zdziczałe drzewa owocowe i winorośl. Dominujący w krajobrazie stał się, zdewastowany w ostatniej dekadzie, schron przeciwlotniczy wzniesiony na stoku wzgórza w trakcie wojny. W referacie zostaną przedstawione możliwości rewitalizacji tego obszaru opartej na historycznych, a nieistniejących obecnie elementach zagospodarowania w połączeniu ze współczesnym pomysłem na wykorzystanie schronu i jego otoczenia.
ANALIZA DENDROFLORY ZAŁOŻEŃ CMENTARNYCH W KRAJOBRAZIE MIASTA I WSI LUBELSZCZYZNY
Authors: Karczmarz Katarzyna , Trzaskowska Ewa
Published: February 2021

Badania prowadzono w latach 2011–2012. Analizie poddano drzewa i krzewy siedmiu cmentarzy Lubelszczyzny. Stwierdzono występowanie 44 gatunków drzew i 70 gatunków krzewów naleĪących do 29 rodzin. 15 gatunków drzew i 12 gatunków krzewów reprezentowało gromadę nagozalążkowych (72,2% ogólnej liczby drzew i 35,2% ogólnej liczby krzewów). Ogółem zinwentaryzowano 8466 drzew. Najliczniej występowaáy: Thuja occidentalis L., Acer platanoides L., Betula pendula Roth. Z 3278 zinwentaryzowanych krzewów najliczniejsze były: Buxus sempervirens L., Rosa sp., Juniperus virginiana L.
ROLA PRZEDOGRÓDKÓW W POPRAWIE WARUNKÓW EKOLOGICZNYCH I SPOŁECZNYCH OSIEDLI MIESZKANIOWYCH
Authors: Trzaskowska Ewa
Published: February 2021

W Polsce przedogródki na osiedlach mieszkaniowych są formą zieleni niedocenianą. Założenia występujące na starszych osiedlach od lat stanowią nierozerwalny element zieleni spotykanej przed blokami, mimo że są to założenia spontaniczne. Na ogół nie mają uregulowań prawnych, jedynie we wspólnotach mieszkaniowych spotykane są odpowiednie zapisy dotyczące użytkowania terenów położonych pod balkonami. Na wielu osiedlach jest jedynie przyzwolenie na zagospodarowanie takich terenów. W wielu miejscach, np. Niemczech, przedogródki wymieniane i wykorzystywane są jako sposób poprawy struktury zieleni w modernizowanych osiedlach mieszkaniowych. Mieszkańcy dostają je do zagospodarowania, a często również pomoc fachową przy zakładaniu oraz sadzonki. Doceniana jest ich rola w poprawie estetyki, stosunków społecznych, budowaniu wspólnoty, poprawie bezpieczeństwa. Artykuł stanowi próbę określenia funkcji przyrodniczej przedogródków zakładanych spontanicznie przy blokach na osiedlach mieszkaniowych oraz ich roli w ksztaátowaniu zrównowaĪonych miast. W tym celu w latach 2008–2010 podjęto badania przedogródków na osiedlach mieszkaniowych Lublina. Analizie poddano 250 założeń,w których określono wielkość, strukturę, formę, estetykę, skład gatunkowy.
„MIASTO DLA LUDZI” NA PRZYKŁADZIE REWITALIZACJI VIEUX PORT W MARSYLII
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna
Published: February 2021

Marsylia jest drugim do wielkości miastem Francji liczącym blisko milion mieszkańców. W roku 2013 pełniła funkcję gospodarza Europejskiej Stolicy Kultury. W ramach przygotowań do tego wydarzenia została przeprowadzona kompleksowa rewitalizacja Vieux Port pod kierunkiem pracowni Normana Fostera, architekta krajobrazu Michel Desvigne oraz lokalnych urbanistów i planistów . Prace prowadzone były prawie trzy lata. W wyniku tego procesu miasto zyskało nową przestrzeń publiczną dostępną dla pieszych, przeprojektowano układy komunikacyjne, a na potrzeby stolicy kultury wzniesiono budynki użyteczności publicznej, począwszy od muzeów, a kończąc na lustrzanym zadaszeniu Vieux Port Pavilion. Nową ikoną współczesnej architektury tego miasta został budynek MuCEM – Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée będący przykładem kształtowania współczesnej architektury wpisującej się bezbłędnie w kontekst otoczenia.
WIELKA PŁYTA – ŚWIATOWY PROBLEM
Authors: Dmitruk Michał
Published: February 2021

Wprowadzenie w drugiej połowie XX w. technologii prefabrykatów wielkopłytowych w budownictwie mieszkaniowym miało na celu szybkie rozwiązanie problemu postępującego deficytu mieszkań. Miało być również sposobem na skuteczne poprawienie warunków życia obywateli. Wyznaczone cele osiągnięto, ale wdrażając nową technologię budownictwa i nowy sposób planowania osiedli, nie przewidziano wielu dalekosiężnych konsekwencji ówczesnych decyzji projektowych. Niezależnie od obszaru geograficznego, budynki wielkopłytowe generują wiele problemów natury technicznej, estetycznej i społecznej. Podejmowane są różne kroki w celu ich rozwiązania.
Etnomatemática e o Assentamento Rural Che-Guevara: pulsões de sobrevivência e transcendência no saber/fazer do assentado
Authors: Cruz Lilian de Campos Marinho , Daúde Rodrigo Bastos
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho refere-se a uma pesquisa realizada junto a um grupo de assentados do Assentamento Che-Guevara, localizado no município de Itaberaí/GO. Objetivou-se analisar nas relações sociais (pulsão de transcendência) e produtivas (pulsão de sobrevivência) os pressupostos da Etnomatemática no assentamento Che-Guevara. Foi mediada pelos seguintes questionamentos: De que modo a geração, organização (social e intelectual) e difusão de conhecimentos, por vezes matematizada, imbuída de importância sociocultural e essencial para a permanência na desses assentados na região, pode ser observada/presenciada/compreendida? E a partir de quais instituições sociais, nas quais os assentados atuam ativamente pelo compartilhamento de conhecimentos e comportamentos compatibilizados que os identificam e caracterizam como um grupo sociocultural? Ao entender que nas atividades produtivas e relações sociais há troca de saberes e fazeres (por vezes matemático) perguntou-se nesta pesquisa: Quais os processos de geração, organização (social e intelectual) e difusão do conhecimento matemático no sistema cultural do assentamento Che-Guevara em Itaberaí/Goiás? Para isso, nos respaldamos em D’Ambrosio (2002), principal pesquisador brasileiro diante do Programa Etnomatemática e sistema cultural que se constitui pela pulsão de sobrevivência e transcendência, Bergamasco e Norder (1996), Medeiros e Leite (1999) sobre a formação de assentamentos rurais brasileiros e relações sociais, Bertti (2002) e Araújo (2005), que apontam os assentamentos como instituições formativas, além de Santana (2008) que descreve a história de formação do Assentamento Che-Guevara e a trajetória de luta dos assentados. A metodologia que estruturou a pesquisa baseou-se na Etnografia: observações e entrevistas. Ao analisar as entrevistas, percebemos que os assentados [...]
Lithofacies classification using Bayes theorem method : Case study Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Gomaa Abdelrahman Moataz Mohamed
Published: February 2021

This paper shows the availability of using the Bayesian classification method to predict class membership probabilities in one of the deep tight reservoirs in Western Desert, Egypt. The workflow of our project that using the Bayesian method used the deterministic petrophysical results of three training wells to train the data and extract the classifiers. The classified data were modeled using Gaussian distribution for each lithofacies. The used wells were acquired from a deep Jurassic gas reservoir in the Western Desert of Egypt. The fitting between actual and modeled data has been reached by minimizing the L2 norm. Besides, a cross-validation process was used for validating the resulted classifiers. Finally, the Bayesian classification method can predict the GWC with an accuracy of 4 m. To avoid probability interference caused by the compacted shale more data should be added to the initial model.
A felületvasalási eljárás vizsgálata végeselemes módszerrel
Authors: Ferencsik Viktória , Gál Viktor
Published: February 2021

Jelen tanulmány alumíniumötvözeten végzett hideg képlékeny gyémántszerszámos felületvasalás véges elemes vizsgálatát tárgyalja, mely során bemenő paraméterként a vasalási erő, előtolás és sebesség értéke került meghatározásra, míg kimenő paraméterként a felületi érdesség változását analizáljuk. Ez az élettartamnövelő eljárás hatékonyan csökkenti az érdességet, javítja az alakhibát, illetve növeli a felületközeli réteg keménységét. A vasalást megelőző esztergált felület megmunkálási szimulációja a fizikailag megvalósult, mért értékeknek megfelelően történik DEFORM-2D szoftver alkalmazásával, annak érdekében, hogy a bekövetkező felületminőség-javulást számszerű értékekkel is validáljuk.
Konstrukciós körút alapú algoritmusok használata klaszterezésre
Authors: Agárdi Anita
Published: February 2021

Jelen cikk a konstrukciós algoritmusok használatát klaszterezési problémára mutatja be. A konstrukciós körút készítő algoritmusok közül a legközelebbi szomszéd algoritmust, a beszúró heurisztikákat (legközelebbi pont beszúrása, legtávolabbi pont beszúrása, legolcsóbb beszúrás, véletlen pont beszúrása), és a greedy algoritmus lett tesztelve. A módosított algoritmusok lényege, hogy nem kell megadni a klaszterszámot, azt maga az algoritmus alakítja ki.
Klasszikus klaszterező algoritmusok módosítása körút alapon
Authors: Agárdi Anita
Published: February 2021

Jelen cikkben a klasszikus klaszterező algoritmusok egy módosítását mutatom be. A cikkben egy olyan módszert mutatok be, amellyel a klaszterező algoritmusok maguk határozzák meg a klaszterhatárokat, azt, hogy hány csoportra bontsák az adatsor elemeit. A klaszterezés egy olyan adatbányászati módszer, ahol az egymással hasonló elemek azonos klaszterbe, míg az egymástól különböző elemek külön klaszterbe kerülnek. Jelen cikkben egy partíciós algoritmust (K-Means) és a hierarchikus módszereket (Single Linkage, Complete Linkage, Average Linkage, Ward, Centroid) mutatom be. A futási eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a klaszterezési algoritmusoknak többé-kevésbé sikerült kialakítaniuk a klasztereket anélkül, hogy bemenetként a klaszterszámot várnánk.
Proximal Ischemia is a Frequent Cause of
Exercise-Induced Pain in Patients with a Normal
Ankle to Brachial Index at Rest
Authors: Abraham Dr. Pierre P.
Published: February 2021

Background: Excluding a vascular origin of exercise-related pain is often difficult in clinical
practice. Recent papers have underlined the frequent association of concurrent lumbar spine
degenerative disease and peripheral arterial disease. Furthermore, even when suspected,
isolated exercise-induced proximal ischemia is difficult to diagnose. Measurement of
transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) is an interesting and accurate method to differentiate
proximal (buttock) from distal (calf) regional blood flow impairment (RBFI) during exercise.
Objectives: We searched for isolated proximal-without-distal RBFI as a possible cause of
claudication, in patients with borderline (ABI-b: 0.91 - 0.99) or normal (ABI-n: 1.00 to 1.40)
ankle to brachial index at rest.
Study design: Retrospective cohort design study. We analyzed patients referred to our
laboratory with symptom limiting claudication and an ankle brachial index within normal
limits.
Settings: University-based exercise-investigation center.
Methods: Over a 12-year period, we identified 463 patients referred to our laboratory that
had their lowest resting ABI between 0.90 and 1.40. The tcpO2 on chest, buttocks, and calves
were recorded during treadmill walking tests (3.2 km/h, 10% slope) in 220 ABI-b and 243
ABI-n unique consecutive patients complaining of limiting claudication (each patient’s ABI was
the lowest of the 2 legs). Limiting claudication was defined as the reported inability to walk 1
kilometer without stopping. A DROP index (limb tcpO2-changes minus chest tcpO2-changes
from rest) below -15 mmHg was used to indicate a positive result (i.e. exercise-induced RBFI).
Results: Treadmill exercise showed evidence for proximal or distal RBFI, of at least one side, in
128 out of 220 patients (58.2%) and in 86 out of 243 (35.4%) patients with ABI-b and ABI-n,
respectively. Isolated proximal-without-distal RBFI was found in 32 out of the 128 (25.0 %)
positive tests in ABI-b and 32 out of the 86 (37.2%) positive tests in ABI-n patients.
Limitations: Study limitations include the absence of systematic follow-up of diagnosed
patients and absence of systematic search for cardio-respiratory co-morbid conditions.
Conclusion: Isolated proximal-without distal RBFI is found in approximately one out of 7
patients complaining of symptom limiting claudication with a borderline or normal resting ABI.
Exercise-tcpO2 may help to discriminate patients with arterial claudication that could benefit
from invasive vascular investigations and procedures.
Key Words: Claudication, diagnosis, prevalence, peripheral arterial disease, transcutaneous
oxygen pressure, pathophysiology, exercise testing, arterial pressure, vascular disease
Repeated Onabotulinumtoxin-A Injections
Provide Better Results than Single Injection in
Treatment of Painful Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Kuo Dr. Hann-Chorng
Published: February 2021

Background: Onabotulinumtoxin-A (BoNT-A) is effective for the treatment of interstitial
cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). However, long-term follow-up does not show
successful outcome after a single injection.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections for
treatment of IC/PBS and compare the success rates among patient groups receiving different
injection numbers.
Study Design: Prospective interventional study.
Setting: Tertiary medical center.
Methods: Intravesical injection of 100 U of BoNT-A was performed in 81 patients every 6
months for up to 4 times or until patients’ symptoms significantly improved. Patients who
received a single injection served as active controls. Measured parameters included O’LearySant symptom indexes (ICSI) and problem indexes (ICPI), visual analogue score (VAS) for pain,
voiding diary variables, urodynamic parameters, maximal bladder capacity under anesthesia,
glomerulation grade, and global response assessment. Multiple measurements and KaplanMeier analysis were used for comparison of consecutive data and success rates among groups.
Results: Among 81 patients, 20 received single injections, 19 received 2 injections, 12
received 3 injections, and 30 received 4 injections. The mean (± standard deviation) of ICSI, ICPI,
total scores, VAS, functional bladder capacity, and daytime frequency all showed significant
improvement after repeated BoNT-A treatment with different injections. Significantly better
success rates were noted in patients who received 4 repeated injections (P = 0.0242) and 3
injections (P = 0.050), compared to those who received a single injection. However, there was
no significant difference of long-term success rates among patients who received 2, 3, and 4
injections.
Limitations: Lack of placebo control group is the main limitation.
Conclusion: Repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections were safe and effective for pain relief
and they increased bladder capacity and provided a better long-term success rate than a single
injection did for treatment of IC/PBS.
Key words: Botulinum toxin, IC/PBS, Intravesical treatment
МУРАККАБ СЎЗЛАР ИДИОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ЖАРАЁНИНИНГ АНТРОПОЦЕНТРИК АСОСЛАРИ
Authors: IBRAGIMKHODZHAEV Ismoilkhuzha , IKRAMOV Toir
Published: February 2021

Мақола муаллифлари инглиз тилидаги мураккаб сўзларни идиоматизация қилиш, концептуал бирликларни мураккаб сўзлар билан лингвистик бирликка кодлаш деб аталадиган усулларни кўриб чиқдилар. Концептуал бирлик, яъни ментал структура номнинг мураккаб синтактик бирлик билан ифодаланган сабабини англатади, унинг мазмуни мураккаб сўзнинг таркибий ва семантик модели билан мос бўлиши керак. Одатда ментал структура лингвистик бирликлар орасида ўз ифодасини топади. Агар у структуравий-семантик сўз ясаш модели ҳажмига тўғри келмаса, унда ментал структурани лингвистик структура билан мувофиқлаштириш учун турли хил когнитив усуллар (метафора, метонимия ва бошқалар) қўлланилади. Айнан шу ҳодиса мураккаб сўзни идиоматизация жараёнининг сабаби бўлиб, ундаги компонентлар унинг ҳақиқий маъносига мос келмайди. Юқоридаги жараён тилнинг кодлаш функциясига асосланади, яъни ментал структура бирлиги лингвистик таркибга - мураккаб сўзга кодланган. Шуни ёдда тутиш керакки, она тилида сўзлашувчининг антропоцентрик когнитив фаолияти коллектив билимга асосланиб, индивидуал фон билимлари билан бирлаштирилади, яъни мураккаб сўзнинг семантикаси умумий ва хусусий муносабатларнинг диалектикасига асосланган бўлиши керак. хусусан. Янги идиоматик сўз — қуйидаги ўзига хос хусусиятларга эга бўлиши керак: 1) лингвистик жамият аъзолари учун тушунарлилик; 2) қисқалик ва ифодалилик; 3) оҳангдорлик; 4) мазмунлилик; 5) ёдда сақлаш осонлиги. Ушбу сўз жамият учун муҳим ва зарур бўлган ҳақиқатни англатиши керак. Мазкур хусусиятлар янги сўзни истиқболли ва она тилида сўзлашувчилар томонидан давомли тарзда фойдаланиш учун зарур бўлиб, бу унинг тилнинг умумий қабул қилинган бирлигига айланишига ёрдам беради.
ТИЛГА ИХТИСОСЛАШТИРИЛГАН ОЛИЙ ТАЪЛИМ МУАССАСАЛАРИ ТАЛАБАЛАРИГА ИНГЛИЗ ТИЛИНИ ЎҚИТИШДА ШАХСГА ЙЎНАЛТИРИЛГАН ЁНДАШУВ
Authors: МАМАТҚУЛОВА Нилуфар
Published: February 2021

Мақолада шахсга йўналтирилган ёндашув ва унинг тилга ихтисослаштирилган олий таълим муассасалари талабаларига инглиз тилини ўқитишдаги аҳамияти муҳокама қилинди. Талабаларнинг шахсга йўналтирилган ёндашувини ривожлантириш, тил ўрганишдаги аҳамияти бир қанча олим ва тадқиқотчилар томонидан берилган тавсифлари таҳлили очиб берилди. Дунёда бўлажак чет тили ўқитувчиларининг хорижий тил компетенцияларини шахсга йўналтирилган ёндашув асосида ривожлантириш бўйича қуйидаги устувор йўналишлар бўйича илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда: ўқитиш мазмуни ва ўқув методик таъминоти, таълим технологиялари, назорат обективлигини такомиллаштириш; умумевропа стандартлари талаблари асосида компетентли чет тили ўқитувчиларини шахсга йўналтирилган ёндашув асосида ривожлантиришга доир технологияларни ишлаб чиқиш, дарс ва дарсдан ташқари машғулотларда мустақил таълимни ташкил этиш йўналишларида илмий тадқиқотлар олиб бориш илмий- амалий аҳамият касб этмоқда. Ҳозирги кунда Ўзбекистонда талабаларнинг таълим жараёнидаги фаолиятини ошириш ва юксалтиришга кўп эътибор қаратилмоқда, айниқса тил ўрганувчилар учун таълим кўникмаларини ошириш муҳим аҳамиятга эгадир. Етакчи хорижий мамлакатларнинг олий таълим муассасаларида хорижий тилни ўқитишда талабалар шахс сифатида ривожлангани, устоз ва талабанинг тутган ўрнидаги ўзгаришлар каби масалаларда тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда.
EFFECT OF DIETARY IRON IN PRESENCE OF SULPHUR ON SOME LIVER MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF GROWING LAMBS
Authors: Sefdeen S. M.
Published: February 2021

The effect of two levels of dietary iron (Fe) in presence of three levels of sulphur (S) on Cu status and performance of growing lambs was examined using 37 weaned Texel-cross over the period of 12 weeks. The basal diet (L:L) contained no Fe or S supplement; H:M diet supplemented with 800 mg Fe/kg DM and 1.5 g S/kg DM, and H:H diet was supplemented with 800 mg Fe/kg DM and 3.5 g S/kg DM. The concentrate diet was based on dried grass nuts and barely designed for lambs to grow at the rate of 200 g d-1. The results revealed that dietary treatments had no effects on DMI, DWG, final weight, total weight gain, and FCE of lambs. The lambs fed L:L diet trended (P=0.057) to have a higher plasma Cu concentrations (12.11 µmol l-1) than those fed H:M (10.78 µmol l-1) or H:H  (10.38 µmol/l) diets at week 12. Dietary treatments had no effect on hepatic Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn concentration at week 12. However, the lambs fed H:M or H:H had higher hepatic Fe (P=0.05) concentrations than those fed L:L diet. In conclusion, supplemental Fe and S had no effects on lamb performance, but decreased plasma Cu concentrations and increased plasma Mo concentrations of growing lambs. Supplemental Fe and S reduced hepatic Cu concentration of lambs compared with those fed no Fe and S supplements but the difference lacked significance.
PESTICIDES BIOACCUMULATION AND THEIR SOIL POLLUTANT EFFECT
Authors: Othman B. A. , Kakey E. S.
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to investigate pesticides bioaccumulation and their soil pollutant effect. The experiment was included sixteen active greenhouses in Erbil plane, and conducted during September 2017 and March 2018. The present study revealed that the pesticides residue of pyridabine, thiamethoxam, abamectin and spirodiclofen were detected in greenhouse soil samples.   The values of soil heavy metals contaminations factor (CF) revealed, that the studied greenhouse soil samples were ranged from low to very high contamination, while for pesticides were ranged from non to high contaminated. Soil pollution load index results supported that, the greenhouse soil was contaminated especially by Cr, Ni and Co. Pollution load index (PLI) was ranged from 7.751 to 0.303; supporting that the soils were contaminated in most sites. It could be concluded that, significant need for the development of pollution prevention and scientific strategies to reduce heavy metal pollution and pesticide accumulation residuals within greenhouses in Erbil plane.
MEASURING QUALITATIVE RESPONSE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RICE FARMS IN NAJAF GOVERNORATE SEASON 2017
Authors: Al-Wasity R. T. , Mahmood Z. H. , Ali S. H.
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to estimate  rice farms  efficiency using qualitative response models. The survied field included three districts in Najaf (Al Mishkhab, Al Hirah, Al Manadhira) during  agricultural season 2017, including a random sample of 80 farms, representing 7.5% of the total farms. To achieve the goals,  analysis was divided into two stages, the first stage was measuring the economic efficiency according to entry guidance of rice farms, while the second stage involved the analysis of factors affecting the economic efficiency of rice farms using the binomial logistic regression model to obtain a mathematical relationship between the dependent variable (response variable), which represents the economic efficiency of rice farms and the independent variables represented by age, experience and education of the owners , geographical area and type of possession for the farms. DEAP software  was used to estimate economic efficiency and SPSS software to analyze the logistic regression of the factors affecting economic efficiency. The results showed that the average economic efficiency according to the Economic efficiency was 66.7%, which means that rice farmers can obtain the same production using  66.7% of the total costs i.e. there is a 33% waste in economic resources in the research sample.The logistic regression  results indicated that each of experience (more than 35 years), education (university degree) and farm area (greater than 15 dunums) had a significant effect on the efficiency of the rice crop farms.
ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE (EMS) INDUCES DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE
Authors: Dhannoon Omar M. , Alfalahi Ayoob O. , Ibrahim Kadhim M.
Published: February 2021

THIS STudy was aimed to induce genetic variation toward drought tolerance after treatment with EMS as a mutagen to two maize inbred lines and their single hybrid. The experiment was carried out at Abo-Ghraib Research Station, Baghdad during the spring season of 2019. The experiment included three irrigation intervals 7, 9 and 11, four concentrations of EMS (0, 50, 60, and 70 mM) and three maize genotypes distributed in three replications using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement which included three irrigation intervals 7, 9 and 11 days occupied the main plot, while the sub plots included three maize genotypes, and four EMS concentrations which were distributed in sub-sub plots. Results were revealed significant differences among EMS treatments and irrigation interval treatments. The inbred line 5 in control treatment showed a significant increase in days for both anthesis and silking (70.11 and 71.94) days, respectively. Plants of Nahrain hybrid also showed a super performance in plant height, leaf area, and number of rows ear-1, with a mean of 154.47cm, 746.31cm2 and 17.83 row ear-1, respectively. The irrigation intervals of 9 and 11 days were significantly decreased the mean performance of genotypes, compared to the shortest irrigation interval (7 days) which had highest mean in most traits. None treated plants (0 mM EMS) had a significant effect on the performance of most studied traits, except the anthesis and silking time, which gave the highest values under the concentration 60 mM with 69.11 and 70.48 days, respectively. Hybrid plants interacted significantly with the EMS concentration of 0 mM producing the maximal means of plant height and leaf area (169.56cm and 759.78cm2 respectively). On the other hand, the hybrid was significantly interacted with the shortest irrigation interval in the mean traits of plant's height and leaf area (163.50 cm and 757 cm2, respectively). The triple interaction between hybrids, shortest irrigation interval and EMS concentration of 60 mM had significantly increased leaf area reached 769.67cm2, meanwhile the triple interaction between hybrid plants, shortest irrigation interval, and the EMS concentration of 0 mM recorded the highest value of plant yield (199.67g). It can be concluded from the current study that the genotypes differed in their response to 9 and 11 days irrigation intervals, with a negative effect of the later interval on the vegetative and yield traits of maize compared with shorter irrigation interval.
EFFECT OF THE USE OF VERMICOMPOST AND RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNG BEAN Vigni radiate L.
Authors: & Mutlag Alkobaisy
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted in silty loam soil to study the effect of vermicompost fertilizer and inoculums Rhizobium legumenosarum on growth and yield of mung bean (Vigni radiate L.), and some soil properties after planting. The experiment consists of nine treatments as follows :T1: control , T2: full recommended mineral fertilizer, T3: vermicompost 8 t.ha-1, T4: vermicompost 16 t.ha-1, T5: vermicompost 8 t.ha-1+ rhizobia, T6: vermicompost16 t.ha-1+ rhizobia, T7: vermicompost 2 t.ha-1+ ½ recommended mineral fertilizer, T8: rhizobia + ½ recommended mineral fertilizer, T9: vermicompost 8 t.ha-1 + rhizobia +½ recommended mineral fertilizer. The experiment was conducted according to RCBD design with three replications. The results were indicated that the use of vermicompost 16 t. ha-1 with the rhizobia inoculation (T6) has improved some soil properties, as this treatment reduced the pH and EC of the soil to 7.18 and 2.20 dsm-1. While CEC and O.M increased to 47.9 Cmole Kg-1 and 2.96%, respectively. Whereas, the treatment T9 was superior in most of the traits, including plant height (70.1 cm), Root weight (5.8 g plant-1) and a number of active and total root nodes (41.3 and 36.6 nodes plant -1). The treatment T9 also gave the best characteristics of the yield components, including the number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, weight 1000 seeds (g), total yield and was 51.0 pods plant-1, 92.4 g plant -1,49.8 g.plant-1, 1216.95 kg.ha-1 respectively.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL DATA IN PATIENTS THAT UNDERWENT DIFFERENT SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: N. Jakupi , G. Yankov , M Stevic , M Jovanovski -Srceva
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax (SPT) is surgically treated with two different techniques: Video Assisted Thoracoscopy (VATS) or open thoracotomy (OT). Despite the different invasiveness of the techniques, literature gives controversial results in correlation of the techniques to the clinical outcomes (like length of hospital stay (LOHS), recurrences of the pneumothorax, duration, collection of the drains and etc). of our study was to analyze perioperativ The aim e clinical features in patients that underwent SPT treatment surgically. Materials and methods: prospectively, we evaluated data of patients treated for SPT in two-year period at the University clinic for thoracic surgery in Skopje. Patients were divided into VATS group and OT group, according to the surgical technique used for treatment. In both groups we analyzed demographical, laboratory data, duration of the chest drains presence, early inammatory markers and total LOHS. Patients with recurrent pneumothorax, older than 70 years with severe cardiological impairment were excluded. Results: The study included 42 patients, 23 patients (54.8%) underwent VATS treatment and 19 patients (45.2%) underwent OT. In both groups more patients were male. VATS group of patients showed nonsignicant difference in postoperative laboratory and inammatory ndings, nonsignicantly lower presence of the drains in terms of days, signicantly lower drain uid collections for the rst 3 days and signicantly shorter LOHS compared to the OT group. Conclusion: Our study has showed that patients treated for spontaneous pneumothorax with VATS have shorter length of hospital stay, shorter chest drain presence and overall show better outcome.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF YOUNG STROKE.
Authors: Suryawanshi Nitin Hiraman , Aggarwal Amit , Kadam Abhijit
Published: February 2021

A study of stroke in young patients has recently become a subject of interest. This is due to a lot of impact on the individual
and society. Study of stroke in young patients can lead to therapeutical results affecting both short term and long-term
outcomes. Our study is hospital based retrospective study for duration of 1 year. Thi Methods: Results: s study revealed stroke in young in 25.16%
of all stroke cases, with cerebral infarction in 56% and followed by intracerebral haemorrhage in 25.64%, and cerebral venous thrombosis in 18%.
The most common presenting symptom was hemiparesis. The most prevalent risk factor for stroke in young was hypertension followed by
diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption and smoking. Stroke in young requires a differe Conclusion: nt approach to investigate and treat. This is
due to different underlying etilogy as compared to elderly. Although traditional risk factors are associated with stroke, behavioural pattern such as
smoking and alcohol may cause and promote development of stroke in young.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV AND SOURCE OF CONDOMS AMONG YOUTH IN STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES OF INDIA
Authors: Ansari Firdous
Published: February 2021

Background: Only 37.3% of the participants had a high knowledge score. Most participants knew the main routes of HIV transmission; however, misconceptions existed about the transmission of HIV through mosquito bites across all age groups (31.7% correct response). According to National Aids Control Organization, India HIV Estimation 2017 report, National adult (15–49 years) HIV prevalence in India was estimated 0.22% (0.16% – 0.30%) in 2017. In the same year adult HIV prevalence reported was 0.25% (0.18-0.34) among males and at 0.19% (0.14-0.25) among Females(1). Condoms or sheaths are the oldest forms of barrier contraception used by the male(2). The female condom is made up of prelubricated polyurethane sheath which covers introitus in toto. It is found effective as a contraceptive as well as found protective against HIV/STI with the efcacy of 95% with perfect use and 79% with typical use(3). Methodology: In present study data is taken from National Family Health Survey-4(NFHS-4), 2015-16.The literature was reviewed using PubMed as well as Google search engine. The data was analyzed for states as well as union territories. The references quoted in this study were relevant with the title of the study e.g. relevant with knowledge about HIV and source of condoms. Results: Results were represented under to heads bibliography of women and bibliography of men thereafter a brief explanation of results was made beneath the subtitles, misconception and prevention, comprehensive knowledge of HIV and knowledge of condom source. Discussion: On the basis of this study, women and men who rejected two common misconceptions and knew how to prevent HIV/AIDS were reported 51.6% and 63% respectively. Whereas comprehensive knowledge of HIV in women is found less than 50% whereas in men it is observed not more than 59%, knowledge of condom source was found lesser in women (67.6%) than men (95.1%).Under all the three descriptions men are leading women. Condom awareness should be promoted at paramount class, especially in women cadre. Sex education may furnish with some high-yielding consequences.
MITRAL AORTIC INTERVALVULAR FIBROSA PSEUDOANEURYSM
RUPTURE INTO LEFT ATRIUM PRESENTING AS ACUTE HEART FAILURE.
Authors: Nandolia Khanak kumar , Chauhan Udit , Walia Rohit , Dhiman Deepanshu , Dhiman Niharika
Published: February 2021

We present a rare case of pseudo-aneurysms of mitral aortic intervalvular brosa (MAIVF) rupturing into left atrium and
presenting as rare cause of acute heart failure. Trans esophageal echocardiography and computed tomography depicted the
anatomy for planned surgery