bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a novel 3D printed model for simulating Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ)
Authors: Kiesel Matthias , Beyers Inga , Kalisz Adam , Wöckel Achim , Löb Sanja , Schlaiss Tanja , Wulff Christine , Diessner Joachim
Published: June 2022

Background

Electrosurgical excisions are common procedures for treating cervical dysplasia and are often seen as minor surgeries. Yet, thorough training of this intervention is required, as there are considerable consequences of inadequate resections, e.g. preterm birth, the risk of recurrence, injuries and many more. Unfortunately, there is a lack of sufficiently validated possibilities of simulating electrosurgeries, which focus on high fidelity and patient safety.

Methods

A novel 3D printed simulator for examination and electrosurgical treatment of dysplastic areas of the cervix was compared with a conventional simulator. Sixty medical students experienced a seminar about cervical dysplasia. Group A underwent the seminar with the conventional and Group B with the novel simulator. After a theoretical introduction, the students were randomly assigned by picking a ticket from a box and went on to perform the hands-on training with their respective simulator. Each student first obtained colposcopic examination training. Then he or she performed five electrosurgical excisions (each). This was assessed with a validated score, to visualize their learning curve. Furthermore, adequate and inadequate resections and contacts between electrosurgical loop and vagina or speculum were counted. Both groups also assessed the seminar and their simulator with 18 questions (Likert-scales, 1–10, 1 = strongly agree / very good, 10 = strongly disagree / very bad). Group B additionally assessed the novel simulator with four questions (similar Likert-scales, 1–10).

Results

Nine of 18 questions showed statistically significant differences favoring Group B (p < 0.05). Group B also achieved more adequate R0-resections and less contacts between electrosurgical loop and vagina or speculum. The learning curves of the performed resections favored the novel simulator of Group B without statistically significant differences. The four questions focusing on certain aspects of the novel simulator indicate high appreciation of the students with a mean score of 1.6 points.

Conclusion

The presented novel simulator shows several advantages compared to the existing model. Thus, novice gynecologists can be supported with a higher quality of simulation to improve their training and thereby patient safety.
Two face masks are better than one: congruency effects in face matching
Authors: Estudillo Alejandro J. , Wong Hoo Keat
Published: June 2022

Although the positive effects of congruency between stimuli are well replicated in face memory paradigms, mixed findings have been found in face matching. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, face masks are now very common during daily life outdoor activities. Thus, the present study aims to further explore congruency effects in matching faces partially occluded by surgical masks. Observers performed a face matching task consisting of pairs of faces presented in full view (i.e., full-view condition), pairs of faces in which only one of the faces had a mask (i.e., one-mask condition), and pairs of faces in which both faces had a mask (i.e., two-mask condition). Although face masks disrupted performance in identity match and identity mismatch trials, in match trials, we found better performance in the two-mask condition compared to the one-mask condition. This finding highlights the importance of congruency between stimuli on face matching when telling faces together.
First-line (1L) nivolumab (NIVO) + ipilimumab (IPI) + 2 cycles of chemotherapy (chemo) versus chemo alone (4 cycles) in patients (pts) with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 3-year update from CheckMate 9LA.
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis G. , Ciuleanu Tudor-Eliade , Cobo-Dols Manuel , Bennouna Jaafar , Cheng Ying , Mizutani Hideaki , Lingua Alejo , Reyes Felipe , Reinmuth Niels , Janoski De Menezes Juliana , Jassem Jacek , Protsenko Svetlana , Feeney Kynan , De La Mora Jimenez Emmanuel , Lu Shun , John Tom , Carbone David Paul , Zhang Xiaoqing , Hu Nan , Reck Martin
Published: June 2022

LBA9026

Background: In CheckMate 9LA (NCT03215706), 1L NIVO + IPI combined with 2 cycles of chemo was shown to provide survival benefit vs chemo alone in pts with metastatic NSCLC. Here, we report updated efficacy and safety with a 3-year minimum follow-up, as well as exploratory biomarker analyses from this study. Methods: Adults with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC, no known sensitizing EGFR/ ALK alterations, and ECOG performance status ≤ 1 were randomized 1:1 to NIVO 360 mg Q3W + IPI 1 mg/kg Q6W + 2 cycles of chemo (n = 361) or 4 cycles of chemo alone (n = 358). Pts were stratified by tumor PD-L1 expression, sex, and histology. Pts with non-squamous (NSQ) NSCLC in the chemo-alone arm could receive pemetrexed maintenance. Assessments included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). For all pts with NSQ NSCLC and with tissue evaluable for mutational analysis (n = 313), the FoundationOne CDxTM assay was used to identify mutant (mut) or wild type (wt) KRAS and STK11 genes. Exploratory assessments included evaluation of OS and PFS with NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo by mutation status and safety. Results: At a minimum follow-up of 36.1 mo (database lock: Feb 15, 2022), pts continued to derive long-term, durable OS benefit with NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62–0.87]); 3-y OS rates were 27% vs 19%. Clinical benefit with NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo was observed in all randomized pts and across most subgroups, including by PD-L1 expression level (Table) or histology. In an exploratory analysis in pts evaluable for mutations including KRAS and STK11, OS appeared to be improved with NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo (median OS, 16.3 vs 13.1 mo). Similar trends of prolonged OS with NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo were also seen in pts with or without KRAS mutation (median OS, mut: 19.2 vs 13.5 mo; wt: 15.6 vs 12.7 mo) or STK11 mutation (mut: 13.8 vs 10.7 mo; wt: 17.8 vs 13.9 mo), respectively. Additional efficacy outcomes will be presented. No new safety signals were identified with extended follow-up. Conclusions: With a 3-year minimum follow-up, 1L NIVO + IPI + chemo demonstrated long-term, durable efficacy benefit vs chemo in pts with metastatic NSCLC. Survival benefit of NIVO + IPI + chemo vs chemo was observed regardless of KRAS and STK11 mutation status. Clinical trial information: NCT03215706. [Table: see text]
Theorizing Law, Social Movements, and State Formation in India
Authors: Nilsen Alf Gunvald , Nielsen Kenneth Bo , Vaidya Anand
Published: June 2022

With the rise of Hindu nationalist statecraft under the Modi regime, India finds itself at a perilous conjuncture that compels a critical rethinking of the political economy of the world's largest democracy. In this article, we propose a conceptual framework for doing so, centered on a Gramscian rethinking of the relationship among law, social movements, and state formation in the longue durée of Indian democracy. Working across three hegemonic transitions in Indian democracy, we argue that social movements and the state have constituted each other across this longue durée, and that this co-constitution has been both mediated by and inscribed in law. Crucially, we focus on the making and unmaking of compromise equilibriums between dominant and subaltern social forces in state-society relations in and through law and legal formations from the transition to independence, via the unravelling of the Nehruvian state, to the present moment of neoliberalization and authoritarian populism. The article is organized around three analytical concerns—law and hegemony, state formation as a hegemonic process, and the dialectic of power and resistance in passive revolution. In the conclusion, we bring our reflections to bear on the current conjuncture in Indian democracy.
The Surplus of Death
Authors: Avramopoulou Eirini
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the temporal and spatial proximity mediating the lives of those who have been institutionalized in distinctive (albeit similar) ways on the Greek island of Leros, like asylum seekers and the mentally ill—and those working in asylum institutions—who appear co-implicated in the circuit of crisis capitalism and the biopolitical/necropolitical effects of managing populations deemed disposable in the name of care and protection. Drawing closely on the double meaning of the term asylum, this article explores the gendered and racialized biopolitical apparatus of vulnerability management in asylum contexts, especially the deadness and livingness they produce. It argues that complicity arises within the dense atmosphere of the surplus of death and the unattainable accumulation produced by multiple crises. It approaches the associated “surplus of death” as essential to the political economy of asylum management, which operates on a logic of “slow death” and the wearing out of populations struggling to endure its unbearable affects. This affective atmosphere is imbued with ethico-political questions that are neither owned by particular subjects nor disavowed in their universal reach but sustained (in their unsustainability) through norms and morals reiterated in their articulation, sense-making trouble, and measurement of worth.
Recent Publications of Note: An Annotated List
Authors: Lum Raymond
Published: June 2022

This column will reference recent books, journal articles, exhibition catalogs, online publications, and other resources that focus on photographs from Asia. Please send materials (copies of publications, complete citations, or internet links) to Dr. Raymond Lum, 2 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA (rlum@fas.harvard.edu). Notice in this column does not preclude the publication of a full review in forthcoming issues of TAP Review. Views and opinions expressed in this column are those of the compiler unless they are bracketed in quotation marks.
Introduction
Authors: Moon Young Min
Published: June 2022

We are pleased and honored, as we enter our third year of publication, to publish this special issue of the Trans-Asia Photography Review, The Aftereffects of War in Asia: Histories, Pictures, and Anxieties, guest edited by Professor Young Min Moon of the University of Massachusetts. An artist, writer, and curator, Moon brings to this project many years of engagement with issues of militarism and the residues of war in the context of South Korean art. For this issue, in addition to his own contributions, he has translated three essays by other Korean artists and scholars, making them available in English for the first time. However, the scope of the issue also goes beyond the concerns of the Korean peninsula. Concentrating in depth on specific situations throughout Asia, the issue raises awareness, with subtlety and complexity, of the multi-faceted and enduring legacies of wars. We hope that the ideas and information presented here will stimulate further work on this important topic.

Sandra Matthews, Editor

Trans-Asia Photography Review
The Logic of Pity in an Era of Armistice: Hein-Kuhn Oh and Area Park [translated by Young Min Moon]
Authors: Beck Jee-sook
Published: June 2022

Translated from the Korean by Young Min Moon
Recent Publications of Note
Authors: Lum Raymond
Published: June 2022

This column references recent books, journal articles, exhibition catalogs, online publications, and similar resources that focus on Asia photography. Please send materials (copies of publications, complete citations, or internet links) to Dr. Raymond Lum, 2 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA (rlum@fas.harvard.edu). Notice in this column does not preclude publication of a full review in forthcoming issues of TAP Review.
Actin assembly requirements of the formin Fus1 to build the fusion focus
Authors: Billault-Chaumartin Ingrid , Michon Laetitia , Anderson Caitlin A. , Yde Sarah E. , Suarez Cristian , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Zoete Vincent , Kovar David R. , Martin Sophie G.
Published: June 2022

In formin-family proteins, actin filament nucleation and elongation activities reside in the formin homology 1 (FH1) and FH2 domains, with reaction rates that vary by at least 20-fold between formins. Each cell expresses distinct formins that assemble one or several actin structures, raising the question of what confers each formin its specificity. Here, using the formin Fus1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we systematically probed the importance of formin nucleation and elongation rates in vivo. Fus1 assembles the actin fusion focus, necessary for gamete fusion to form the zygote during sexual reproduction. By constructing chimeric formins with combinations of FH1 and FH2 domains previously characterized in vitro, we establish that changes in formin nucleation and elongation rates have direct consequences on fusion focus architecture, and that Fus1 native high nucleation and low elongation rates are optimal for fusion focus assembly. We further describe a point mutant in Fus1 FH2 that preserves native nucleation and elongation rates in vitro but alters function in vivo, indicating an additional FH2 domain property. Thus, rates of actin assembly are tailored for assembly of specific actin structures.
Understanding factors associated with continuation of use of injectable contraceptives in Karnataka and Maharashtra, India: a cross-sectional household study
Authors: Singal Sunita , Sikdar S K , Kaushik S , Kniss Jennifer , Singh Pragati , Bhatt Nidhi , Samandari Ghazaleh , Pal Manoj , Dere Harshwardhan , Cagatay Levent , O’Connell Kathryn A
Published: June 2022

The Government of India has worked to expand access to injectable contraceptives through the introduction of a three-monthly injectable contraceptive MPA under the ‘Antara’ program in 2017. However, the uptake of injectable contraceptives has remained low, and few studies have investigated the experiences of public health facility injectable clients in India. We examined factors associated with continuing, discontinuing, and switching methods among injectable users obtaining services from public health facilities in the Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra.

The study team recruited respondents (N=1009) that had received their first injectable dose from in public sector facilities between February – May 2019 and conducted a follow-up visit at their residence in December 2020. We used multivariate logistic regression to study the association of the demographic characteristics, service quality, satisfaction with services, follow-up visits, and decision-making on injectable continuation and switching to other family planning methods.

Injectable usage rates declined significantly, with 44% of clients receiving a second dose and only 16% receiving a third dose. Over half of women (54%) cited problems related to periods as the reason for discontinuing injectable use after the first dose. Respondents were more likely to continue their method at third dose if they were older (25-35 years) (OR:1.68, p<0.05) and had received a reminder for a follow-up dose (OR: 2.41, p

Our results also highlight the importance of addressing side-effects experience by women, which may be better managed by community-based follow-up visits and high-quality counselling services.
Challenges for HR Professionals in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Anjum Nishath , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Rahaman Md. Saidur
Published: June 2022

Because of the unexpected changes in business practices tempted by the COVID-19 pandemic, human resource (HR) specialists are working hard to guide and help employees in adapting to the new way of working. On the other hand, HR managers must be prepared to cope with the issues that may occur as businesses adjust to the new normal. The goal of this article is to look at the issues of human resources in the post-COVID-19 era. The study identifies and defines some unique problems that any organization's HR department will confront following the pandemic. Secondary data for this narrative literature study was acquired from various sources, including published articles, reports, and websites. The study's findings are the result of a rigorous review of pertinent data. Remote working concerns, workforce engagement, maintenance, more flexibility, maintaining work-life balance, and raising employee morale were highlighted as long-term Human Resource Management (HRM) challenges in the COVID-19 new normal by this study. The importance of this research lies in the implications it has for businesses as they respond to change. HR professionals can use the study's findings to develop successful methods for adapting to the new reality created by the COVID-19 epidemic. This could assist HR leaders in being better prepared for the post-pandemic new business age.
New Energy Vehicles from the Perspective of Market and Environment
Authors: Hasan Fakhrul , Islam Mohammad Raijul
Published: June 2022

New energy vehicles have received extensive attention from consumers in today's society. In recent years, the strong rise of pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles has brought considerable changes to the entire automotive market. This research mainly focuses on the theme of new energy vehicles and explores the competitive advantages and challenges of new energy vehicles for traditional vehicles from both market and environmental perspectives. This research adopts the method of secondary research, collects data and information from websites, books, journals and academic papers, uses quantitative analysis to analyze the sales and share of new energy vehicles in the global and Chinese markets, and explores the impact of new energy vehicles on the traditional Challenges and impacts of automotive-related industries, exploring the impact of new energy vehicles on the environment and energy, and our results shows that the competitive advantages of new energy vehicles mainly lie in: energy saving and environmental protection, government policy support, and future trends.
Corporate Culture, Employee Stress, and Leadership Support: En Route Organizational Psychotherapy
Authors: Jacob Didi Adeyinka , Tende Friday Buradum
Published: June 2022

Organizations are increasingly concerned about the level of stress that their workers are under. This is because, a high level of stress has been linked to a faster heart rate, breathing difficulties, hypertension, stroke, and even death. Hence, organizations are becoming mindful of losing employees in this regard. This study examined the influence of corporate culture on aiding leadership support with the view of eradicating employees' stress in the workplace. The study adopted the sociotechnical systems theory and the work Demand-control, support model to serve as an undergirded theory for this study. Extant literature on corporate culture, employee stress, and leadership support was reviewed, and the link between them was established. It was discovered that withdrawal behaviors such as quit intentions, absence from work, tardiness, and a loss of devotion to organizational operations are detrimental to the organization's existence and survival in any form. It was concluded that organizations are required to induce, establish, facilitate, and integrate a "caring component" into their culture, as a "caring culture" tends to encourage employee commitment to organizational activities that will assist them in achieving established process and result-focused organizational goals, especially through behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and integrative or holistic therapies.
PRODUÇÃO ANTECIPADA DE PROVAS PARA LOCALIZAÇÃO DE BENS PREVIAMENTE AO AJUIZAMENTO DA EXECUÇÃO POR QUANTIA: UMA PROPOSTA DE REFORMA LEGISLATIVA
Authors: Hill Flávia Pereira , Sica Heitor Vitor Mendonça
Published: June 2022

O artigo identifica e examina diferentes óbices para a efetividade da execução civil no Brasil e analisa criticamente propostas doutrinárias voltadas a contorná-los. Em um segundo momento, apresenta-se proposta de alteração do Código de Processo Civil, com vistas a prever expressamente o cabimento da produção antecipada de provas para a busca de bens no patrimônio do devedor e prever o seu regramento. Almeja-se, com isso, oferecer um instrumento hábil para evitar o ajuizamento de execuções infrutíferas, orientar o credor que pretenda formular proposta de acordo ou trazer as balizas para uma futura execução forçada exitosa, contribuindo, assim, para a efetividade do processo tanto sob a perspectiva macroprocessual quanto microprocessual.
Cladding mode characteristics simulation of an excessively tilted fiber grating coated with gold nanoshells
Authors: Liu Kaijun , Luo Binbin , Wu Decao , Gu Hong , Yang Xiangwen
Published: June 2022

The cladding mode characteristics simulation of an excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) coated with gold nanoshells was conducted in this study. First, the effective refractive indices of the core and cladding mode before coating were obtained by solving the eigenvalue equation of the three-layer waveguide structure, and the coupling characteristics were briefly analyzed. Then

H
E

1
,
m

and

E
H

1
,
m

modes were selected as the research objects, and the spectral characteristics of ExTFG coated with gold nanoshells were simulated by the finite element method. The simulated refractive index sensitivity of

H
E

1
,
29

and

E
H

1
,
29

modes is 160.16 and 185.03 nm/RIU, respectively. Compared with the non-localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, it increased by 10.76 nm/RIU (7.2%) and 19.53 nm/RIU (11.8%), respectively. Thus, the LSPR effect was verified to be beneficial to improve the refractive index sensitivity of ExTFG.
Breaking reciprocity by designed loss
Authors: Peshko I. , Pustakhod D. , Mogilevtsev D.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we show how designed loss in open quantum systems can break the reciprocity of field propagation, and how non-reciprocal and even unidirectional propagation can be achieved for different kinds of designed loss, both linear and nonlinear. In particular, we show how unidirectional propagation can be achieved for input states of certain symmetry in linear schemes, and demonstrate the possibility of building a single-mode optical insulator by combining two kinds of nonlinear designed losses, and the way to build a non-reciprocal asymmetric field distributor with a planar structure of dissipatively coupled waveguides. We discuss the feasibility of the considered schemes and suggest possible realizations.
Adjustable converter of bound state in the continuum basing on metal-graphene hybrid metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Yifan , Liu Zexu , Li Yuke , Hu ZhengDa , Wu Jingjing , Wang Jicheng
Published: June 2022

The bound state in the continuum (BIC) is widely applied to metamaterial study in order to obtain robust resonance and high quality (Q) factor. In this paper, we propose a metallic metasurface structure that can support double types of BICs, and acquire quasi-BIC state by restructuring each type with a specific approach. Electric field distribution is investigated to explore the physic mechanism behind the evolution of BICs. Moreover, we substitute structured graphene with corresponding metal counterparts. The promoted design is able to switch freely between BIC and quasi-BIC state even after the fabrication, as the graphene would convert from semiconductor-like to metal-like when increasing the Fermi level. Further exploration on electric field distribution demonstrates the metallicity difference between graphene and gold, which leads to the exotic phenomenon emerge on the proposed metal-graphene structure. Finally, the proposed metal-graphene structure is applied to a digital coding display through Fermi level regulating. Therefore, our work provides deep insights to the BIC metasurface investigation, and introduces a desirable improvement for current BIC metasurface design to achieve the free conversion between BIC and quasi-BIC states.
Snapshot spectral compressive imaging reconstruction using convolution and contextual Transformer
Authors: Wang Lishun , Wu Zongliang , Zhong Yong , Yuan Xin
Published: June 2022

Spectral compressive imaging (SCI) is able to encode a high-dimensional hyperspectral image into a two-dimensional snapshot measurement, and then use algorithms to reconstruct the spatio-spectral data-cube. At present, the main bottleneck of SCI is the reconstruction algorithm, and state-of-the-art (SOTA) reconstruction methods generally face problems of long reconstruction times and/or poor detail recovery. In this paper, we propose a hybrid network module, namely, a convolution and contextual Transformer (CCoT) block, that can simultaneously acquire the inductive bias ability of convolution and the powerful modeling ability of Transformer, which is conducive to improving the quality of reconstruction to restore fine details. We integrate the proposed CCoT block into a physics-driven deep unfolding framework based on the generalized alternating projection (GAP) algorithm, and further propose the GAP-CCoT network. Finally, we apply the GAP-CCoT algorithm to SCI reconstruction. Through experiments on a large amount of synthetic data and real data, our proposed model achieves higher reconstruction quality (

>
2
  
dB

in peak signal-to-noise ratio on simulated benchmark datasets) and a shorter running time than existing SOTA algorithms by a large margin. The code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/ucaswangls/GAP-CCoT.
Single cell transcriptomics reveals dysregulated cellular and molecular networks in a fragile X syndrome model
Authors: Donnard Elisa , Shu Huan , Garber Manuel
Published: June 2022

Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiology of Fragile X syndrome (FXS), its molecular basis is still poorly understood. Whole brain tissue expression profiles have proved surprisingly uninformative, therefore we applied single cell RNA sequencing to profile an FMRP deficient mouse model with higher resolution. We found that the absence of FMRP results in highly cell type specific gene expression changes that are strongest among specific neuronal types, where FMRP-bound mRNAs were prominently downregulated. Metabolic pathways including translation and respiration are significantly upregulated across most cell types with the notable exception of excitatory neurons. These effects point to a potential difference in the activity of mTOR pathways, and together with other dysregulated pathways, suggest an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in theFmr1-knock out cortex that is exacerbated by astrocytes. Our data demonstrate that FMRP loss affects abundance of key cellular communication genes that potentially affect neuronal synapses and provide a resource for interrogating the biological basis of this disorder.
Pharmacogenomics decision support in the U-PGx project: Results and advice from clinical implementation across seven European countries
Authors: Blagec Kathrin , Swen Jesse J. , Koopmann Rudolf , Cheung Ka-Chun , Crommentuijn - van Rhenen Mandy , Holsappel Inge , Konta Lidija , Ott Simon , Steinberger Daniela , Xu Hong , Cecchin Erika , Dolžan Vita , Dávila-Fajardo Cristina Lucía , Patrinos George P. , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Turner Richard M. , Pirmohamed Munir , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Samwald Matthias ,   Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium
Published: June 2022

Background

The clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) could be one of the first milestones towards realizing personalized medicine in routine care. However, its widespread adoption requires the availability of suitable clinical decision support (CDS) systems, which is often impeded by the fragmentation or absence of adequate health IT infrastructures. We report results of CDS implementation in the large-scale European research project Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx), in which PGx CDS was rolled out and evaluated across more than 15 clinical sites in the Netherlands, Spain, Slovenia, Italy, Greece, United Kingdom and Austria, covering a wide variety of healthcare settings.

Methods

We evaluated the CDS implementation process through qualitative and quantitative process indicators. Quantitative indicators included statistics on generated PGx reports, median time from sampled upload until report delivery and statistics on report retrievals via the mobile-based CDS tool. Adoption of different CDS tools, uptake and usability were further investigated through a user survey among healthcare providers. Results of a risk assessment conducted prior to the implementation process were retrospectively analyzed and compared to actual encountered difficulties and their impact.

Results

As of March 2021, personalized PGx reports were produced from 6884 genotyped samples with a median delivery time of twenty minutes. Out of 131 invited healthcare providers, 65 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 49.6%). Overall satisfaction rates with the different CDS tools varied between 63.6% and 85.2% per tool. Delays in implementation were caused by challenges including institutional factors and complexities in the development of required tools and reference data resources, such as genotype-phenotype mappings.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a standardized PGx decision support solution in a multinational, multi-language and multi-center setting. Remaining challenges for future wide-scale roll-out include the harmonization of existing PGx information in guidelines and drug labels, the need for strategies to lower the barrier of PGx CDS adoption for healthcare institutions and providers, and easier compliance with regulatory and legal frameworks.
Survivorship and yield of a harvested population of Forsteronia glabrescens
Authors: Guadagnin Demetrio Luis , Barradas Paulo Vinícius Fernandes
Published: June 2022

The exploitation of non-timber forest products may be an opportunity to reconcile the utilization of biological resources with biodiversity conservation. In Southern Brazil, the exploitation of liana stems for handicraft makes up an important part of the income of indigenous Kaingang people. In this study we evaluated the effects of stem harvesting on the survivorship ofForsteronia glabrescensMüll.Arg, the most exploited liana species in the region. We marked and monitored the survivorship, sprouting, changes in stem diameter and resource yield in control and harvested plots with two different resting times–six and twelve months. We associated variables of interest with individual attributes, harvesting regime and vegetation descriptors through linear mixed modelling. Survivorship and resource yield were lower in the harvested groups than in the control group, although the mean stem diameter was higher. Plants with larger stem diameter presented higher survival odds. Either six or twelve months of resting between harvests were not sufficient to recompose the yield and compensate mortality. Harvesting twice a year increases yield but reduces survivorship. Our results point that the sustainable exploitation ofF.glabrescensrequire either large areas, low pressure or resting periods longer than the ones we tested.
The role of stereotypical information on medical judgements for black and white patients
Authors: Madeira Filipa , Costa-Lopes Rui , Do Bú Emerson Araújo , Tato Marinho Rui
Published: June 2022

THIS ARTICLE USES WORDS OR LANGUAGE THAT IS CONSIDERED PROFANE, VULGAR, OR OFFENSIVE BY SOME READERS. The new generation of direct-acting antivirals has improved dramatically the rates of cure for chronic hepatitis C. Yet, evidence shows that racial groups are deemed more often ineligible for hepatitis C treatment, despite no clinical evidence supporting differential treatment for Black and White patients. One possible explanation has to do with providers’ racial biases. This investigation sought to explore medical students’ racial stereotypes (Study 1,N= 171) and the role of stereotypical cues on perceptions of medical adherence of Black and White patients (Study 2,N= 208). In Study 1, we first sought to identify health-related aspects that are consistently associated with Blacks as part of a stereotype. In Study 2, we experimentally manipulated racial stereotypes identified in Study 1 by asking participants to read a clinical vignette depicting a patient (Blackvs. White) and their medical history (cause of exposure to hepatitis C: unprotected sexvs. non-injectable drugs use). The results show that the impact of stereotypicality on patient perceived compliance varies as a function of medical students’ racial prejudice. Implications for further applied health inequalities research and for medical training are discussed.
Histological and histomorphometric aspects of continual intermittent parathyroid hormone administration on osseointegration in osteoporosis rabbit model
Authors: Oki Yoshifumi , Doi Kazuya , Kobatake Reiko , Makihara Yusuke , Morita Koji , Kubo Takayasu , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: June 2022

In implant treatment, primary stability and osseointegration are improved by continual intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with osteoporosis. However, the histological and histomorphometric aspects are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and histomorphometric effects of intermittent PTH administration on osseointegration in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic rabbit model. Fifteen female New Zealand rabbits were prepared for the osteoporosis model with ovariectomy and glucocorticoid administration. After 1 week, five rabbits were intermittently administered PTH for 8 weeks until the end point (PTHa group) and five for 4 weeks until implant placement (PTHb group). The remaining rabbits were intermittently administered saline for 8 weeks until the end point (Control group). Dental implants were inserted into the femoral epiphyses 11 weeks after ovariectomy. After 4 weeks, the maximum removal torque (RT) of the placed implant and bone implant contact (BIC) ratio were evaluated. In addition micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The RT and BIC values were significantly higher in the PTHa group compared with those of the PTHb and Control groups (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the bone mineral densities and Hounsfield units were significantly higher in the PTHa group than those in the PTHb and Control groups. Histologic and histomorphometric measurements revealed that continuous administration of PTH improved bone density and bone formation around the implant placement site, as well as systemic bone formation. Therefore, favorable implant stability was achieved under osteoporosis.
Ethnomedicinal appraisal of plants used for the treatment of gastrointestinal complaints by tribal communities living in Diamir district, Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Authors: Wali Rahmat , Khan Muhammad Faraz , Mahmood Ansar , Mahmood Majid , Qureshi Rahmatullah , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Mashwani Zia-ur-Rehman
Published: June 2022

Majority of the mountain dwelling communities living in the Himalayas rely on traditional herbal medicines for primary healthcare needs. Present study was conducted in fairy meadows and allied valleys in District Diamir, Gilgit Baltistan autonomous territory in northern Pakistan. Documentation of traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) of local communities for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders was carried out as a component of a wider medico-botanical expedition conducted in the entire base camp of the great Nanga Parbat peak during 2016–19. Various ethnobotanical parameters i.e. use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), Fidelity level (FL), direct matrix ranking test (DMRT) and preference ranking (PR) were applied to evaluate the data collected during field surveys. The plants were also subjected to a comparative review for novelty assessment. A total of 61 medicinal plant species belonging to 55 genera and 35 families are reported here for the treatment of GIDs. Compositae was the leading family with 8 (13%) species. Fourteen gastrointestinal disorders were cured with 32% taxon were reported for stomachic followed by diarrhea (15%) and constipation (14%). Highest use reports (5) and use citations (207) were reported for Mentha longifolia L. while highest UV (1.79) was obtained for Artemisia maritima L. Hylotelephium telephioides (Ledeb.), A. maritima, M. longifolia, M. piperita L., Allium cepa L., and A. annua L. exhibited 100% FL. Highest ICF was calculated against dysentery and flatulence. DMRT ranked Prunus persica L. first for its multipurpose uses. Taking constipation as a reference gastrointestinal disease, PR for ten plant species was calculated where H. telephioides was ranked first followed by A. maritima. Present study concluded that 19 out of 61 plant species were documented for the first time with novel medicinal uses to cure GIDs. These plant species could act as potential reservoirs of novel lead compounds for the treatments of gastrointestinal disorders.
A rapid and sensitive assay for quantifying the activity of both aerobic and anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases acting upon any or all substrates
Authors: Levitz Talya S. , Andree Gisele A. , Jonnalagadda Rohan , Dawson Christopher D. , Bjork Rebekah E. , Drennan Catherine L.
Published: June 2022

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) use radical-based chemistry to catalyze the conversion of all four ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. The ubiquitous nature of RNRs necessitates multiple RNR classes that differ from each other in terms of the phosphorylation state of the ribonucleotide substrates, oxygen tolerance, and the nature of both the metallocofactor employed and the reducing systems. Although these differences allow RNRs to produce deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA biosynthesis under a wide range of environmental conditions, they also present a challenge for establishment of a universal activity assay. Additionally, many current RNR assays are limited in that they only follow the conversion of one ribonucleotide substrate at a time, but in the cell, all four ribonucleotides are actively being converted into deoxyribonucleotide products as dictated by the cellular concentrations of allosteric specificity effectors. Here, we present a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay that can determine the activity of both aerobic and anaerobic RNRs on any combination of substrates using any combination of allosteric effectors. We demonstrate that this assay generates activity data similar to past published results with the canonical Escherichia coli aerobic class Ia RNR. We also show that this assay can be used for an anaerobic class III RNR that employs formate as the reductant, i.e. Streptococcus thermophilus RNR. We further show that this class III RNR is allosterically regulated by dATP and ATP. Lastly, we present activity data for the simultaneous reduction of all four ribonucleotide substrates by the E. coli class Ia RNR under various combinations of allosteric specificity effectors. This validated LC-MS/MS assay is higher throughput and more versatile than the historically established radioactive activity and coupled RNR activity assays as well as a number of the published HPLC-based assays. The presented assay will allow for the study of a wide range of RNR enzymes under a wide range of conditions, facilitating the study of previously uncharacterized RNRs.
Modelling maintenance scheduling strategies for highway networks
Authors: Tong Bao , Wang Jianwei , Wang Xue , Zhou Feihao , Mao Xinhua , Duan Yaxin
Published: June 2022

Although a wide range of literature has investigated the network-level highway maintenance plans and policies, few of them focused on the maintenance scheduling problem. This study proposes a methodology framework to model and compare two different maintenance scheduling strategies for highway networks, i.e., minimal makespan strategy (MMS) and minimal increased travel delay strategy (MITDS). We formulate MMS as a mixed integer linear programming model subject to the constraints of the quantity of manpower and the worst-first maintenance sequence. A bi-level programming model is proposed to quantify and optimize MITDS. The upper level model determines the optimal scheduling to minimize the increased traffic delays during the maintenance makespan. In the lower level, a modified day-to-day traffic assignment model is put forward to reflect the traffic evolution dynamics by simulating travelers’ route choice behaviors. A simulated annealing algorithm and augmented Lagrange algorithm are employed to solve the two proposed models, respectively. Finally, a numerical example using a highway network is developed. The two proposed strategies are tested considering different traffic demands, numbers of engineering teams, and travelers’ sensitivities to traffic congestion. The experiment results reveal that compared with MMS, MITDS extends makespan by 2 days though, it reduces the total increased travel delays by 4% and both MMS and MITDS can obtain the minimum total increased travel delays when the number of engineering teams is 6. The sensitivity analysis indicates that both the two strategies have the maximum and minimum total increased travel delays when the weight of prediction in travelers’ perception is 0.3 and 0.7, respectively. The proposed framework has the potential to provide reference in implementing highway maintenance activities reasonably.
Use of expert elicitation in the field of occupational hygiene: Comparison of expert and observed data distributions
Authors: Lowry David Michael , Fritschi Lin , Mullins Benjamin J. , O’Leary Rebecca A.
Published: June 2022

The concept of professional judgement underpins the way in which an occupational hygienist assesses an exposure problem. Despite the importance placed on professional judgement in the discipline, a method of assessment to characterise accuracy has not been available. In this paper, we assess the professional judgement of four occupational hygienists (‘experts’) when completing exposure assessments on a range of airborne contaminants across a number of job roles within a surface mining environment in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The job roles assessed were project driller, mobile equipment operator, fixed plant maintainer, and drill and blast operator. The contaminants of interest were respirable crystalline silica, respirable dust, and inhalable dust. The novel approach of eliciting exposure estimates focusing on contaminant concentration and attribution of an exposure standard estimate was used. The majority of the elicited values were highly skewed; therefore, a scaled Beta distribution were fitted. These elicited fitted distributions were then compared to measured data distributions, the results of which had been collected as part of an occupational hygiene program assessing full-shift exposures to the same contaminants and job roles assessed by the experts. Our findings suggest that the participating experts within this study tended to overestimate exposures. In addition, the participating experts were more accurate at estimating percentage of an exposure standard than contaminant concentration. We demonstrate that this elicitation approach and the encoding methodology contained within can be applied to assess accuracy of exposure judgements which will impact on worker protection and occupational health outcomes.
A novel SNF2 ATPase complex in Trypanosoma brucei with a role in H2A.Z-mediated chromatin remodelling
Authors: Vellmer Tim , Hartleb Laura , Fradera Sola Albert , Kramer Susanne , Meyer-Natus Elisabeth , Butter Falk , Janzen Christian J.
Published: June 2022

A cascade of histone acetylation events with subsequent incorporation of a histone H2A variant plays an essential part in transcription regulation in various model organisms. A key player in this cascade is the chromatin remodelling complex SWR1, which replaces the canonical histone H2A with its variant H2A.Z. Transcriptional regulation of polycistronic transcription units in the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been shown to be highly dependent on acetylation of H2A.Z, which is mediated by the histone-acetyltransferase HAT2. The chromatin remodelling complex which mediates H2A.Z incorporation is not known and an SWR1 orthologue in trypanosomes has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified and characterised an SWR1-like remodeller complex in T. brucei that is responsible for Pol II-dependent transcriptional regulation. Bioinformatic analysis of potential SNF2 DEAD/Box helicases, the key component of SWR1 complexes, identified a 1211 amino acids-long protein that exhibits key structural characteristics of the SWR1 subfamily. Systematic protein-protein interaction analysis revealed the existence of a novel complex exhibiting key features of an SWR1-like chromatin remodeller. RNAi-mediated depletion of the ATPase subunit of this complex resulted in a significant reduction of H2A.Z incorporation at transcription start sites and a subsequent decrease of steady-state mRNA levels. Furthermore, depletion of SWR1 and RNA-polymerase II (Pol II) caused massive chromatin condensation. The potential function of several proteins associated with the SWR1-like complex and with HAT2, the key factor of H2A.Z incorporation, is discussed.
La imposibilidad del positivismo jurídico interno
Authors: Ramírez Ludeña Lorena
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo analizo el último capítulo del libro de Cristina Redondo «Positivismo jurídico ‘interno’». Redondo cuestiona la que denomina «tesis de la imposibilidad», de acuerdo con la cual no es posible el discurso teórico no comprometido relativo a conceptos institucionales o a las exigencias de los sistemas jurídicos. Para sostener la tesis contradictoria, la autora distingue dos sentidos de «punto de vista interno» y de «punto de vista externo», lo que le sirve para exponer diversos modos en que pueden entenderse los conceptos institucionales y, en particular, cómo los entiende el positivismo jurídico interno. Finalmente, advierte que los diferentes modos de teorizar están condicionados por los presupuestos que se asumen con respecto a los conceptos jurídicos y, sobre esa base, defiende que no existe un único método en la teoría jurídica. En mi trabajo me refiero a tres problemas que, aunque relacionados entre sí, analizaré separadamente y que llevarán a cuestionar la posibilidad de un positivismo jurídico interno: (1) La ambigüedad de la distinción interno/externo; (2) el objeto de análisis del positivismo jurídico interno y su tesis distintiva; y (3) la inexistencia de un único método en la teoría jurídica y la neutralidad de las teorías.
La normatividad en el positivismo jurídico interno. A modo de colofón
Authors: Moreso Mateos Josep Joan
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo cierra la sección sobre el libro Positivismo Jurídico Interno de M. Cristina Redondo, conformada por una serie de trabajos que tienen su origen en un seminario que se celebró en la Universidad Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona.
Sidonius a középkor és a reneszánsz magyar irodalmában
Authors: T. Horváth Ágnes
Published: June 2022

Sidonius Apollinaris vers- és levélgyűjteményét már a középkori Európában műfaji mintaként és stilisztikai példatárként használták. A cikk magyarországi megjelenését követi nyomon az európai műfaji áttételektől műveinek valós, citátumokban is megjelenő ismertségéig.