bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences by Race/Ethnicity in the Prevalence of Clinically Detected and Monitor-Detected Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Heckbert Susan R. , Austin Thomas R. , Jensen Paul N. , Chen Lin Y. , Post Wendy S. , Floyd James S. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Kronmal Richard A. , Psaty Bruce M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

African Americans are consistently found to have a lower prevalence of clinically detected atrial fibrillation (AF) than whites, despite a higher prevalence of major AF risk factors and higher risk of ischemic stroke. Long-term ambulatory ECG monitors provide the opportunity for unbiased AF detection. We determined differences by race/ethnicity in the prevalence of clinically detected AF and in the proportion with monitor-detected AF.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a community-based cohort study that enrolled 6814 Americans free of clinically recognized cardiovascular disease in 2000 to 2002. At the 2016 to 2018 examination, 1556 individuals participated in an ancillary study involving ambulatory ECG monitoring and had follow-up for clinically detected AF since cohort entry.

Results:

Among 1556 participants, 41% were white, 25% African American, 21% Hispanic, and 14% Chinese; 51% were women; and the mean age was 74 years. The prevalence of clinically detected AF after 14.4 years’ follow-up was 11.3% in whites, 6.6% in African Americans, 7.8% in Hispanics, and 9.9% in Chinese and was significantly lower in African Americans than in whites, in both unadjusted and risk factor-adjusted analyses (adjusted rate difference, −6.6% [95% CI, −10.1% to −3.1%];
P
<0.001). By contrast, in the same individuals, the proportion with monitor-detected AF using a 14-day ambulatory ECG monitor was similar in the 4 race/ethnic groups: 7.1%, 6.4%, 6.9%, and 5.2%, respectively (compared with whites, all
P
>0.5).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of clinically detected AF was substantially lower in African American than in white participants, without or with adjustment for AF risk factors. However, unbiased AF detection by ambulatory monitoring in the same individuals revealed little difference in the proportion with AF by race/ethnicity. These findings provide support for the hypothesis of differential detection by race/ethnicity in the clinical recognition of AF, which may have important implications for stroke prevention.
Tracking Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Completion Among Medicare Beneficiaries to Inform the Efforts of a National Initiative
Authors: Ritchey Matthew D. , Maresh Sha , McNeely Jessica , Shaffer Thomas , Jackson Sandra L. , Keteyian Steven J. , Brawner Clinton A. , Whooley Mary A. , Chang Tiffany , Stolp Haley , Schieb Linda , Wright Janet
Published: January 2020

Background:

Despite cardiac rehabilitation (CR) being shown to improve health outcomes among patients with heart disease, its use has been suboptimal. In response, the Million Hearts Cardiac Rehabilitation Collaborative developed a road map to improve CR use, including increasing participation rates to ≥70% by 2022. This observational study provides current estimates to measure progress and identifies the populations and regions most at risk for CR service underutilization.

Methods and Results:

We identified Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who were CR eligible in 2016, and assessed CR participation (≥1 CR session attended), timely initiation (participation within 21 days of event), and completion (≥36 sessions attended) through 2017. Measures were assessed overall, by beneficiary characteristics and geography, and by primary CR-qualifying event type (acute myocardial infarction hospitalization; coronary artery bypass surgery; heart valve repair/replacement; percutaneous coronary intervention; or heart/heart-lung transplant). Among 366 103 CR-eligible beneficiaries, 89 327 (24.4%) participated in CR, of whom 24.3% initiated within 21 days and 26.9% completed CR. Eligibility was highest in the East South Central Census Division (14.8 per 1000). Participation decreased with increasing age, was lower among women (18.9%) compared with men (28.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.91 [95% CI, 0.90–0.93]) was lower among Hispanics (13.2%) and non-Hispanic blacks (13.6%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (25.8%; adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.63 [0.61–0.66] and 0.70 [0.67–0.72], respectively), and varied by hospital referral region and Census Division (range: 18.6% [East South Central] to 39.1% [West North Central]) and by qualifying event type (range: 7.1% [acute myocardial infarction without procedure] to 55.3% [coronary artery bypass surgery only]). Timely initiation varied by geography and qualifying event type; completion varied by geography.

Conclusions:

Only 1 in 4 CR-eligible Medicare beneficiaries participated in CR and marked disparities were observed. Reinforcement of current effective strategies and development of new strategies will be critical to address the noted disparities and achieve the 70% participation goal.
Affective Bias without Hemispheric Competition: Evidence for Independent Processing Resources in Each Cortical Hemisphere
Authors: Bekhtereva Valeria , Craddock Matt , Müller Matthias M.
Published: January 2020

We assessed the extent of neural competition for attentional processing resources in early visual cortex between foveally presented task stimuli and peripheral emotional distracter images. Task-relevant and distracting stimuli were shown in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams to elicit the steady-state visual evoked potential, which serves as an electrophysiological marker of attentional resource allocation in early visual cortex. A task-related RSVP stream of symbolic letters was presented centrally at 15 Hz while distracting RSVP streams were displayed at 4 or 6 Hz in the left and right visual hemifields. These image streams always had neutral content in one visual field and would unpredictably switch from neutral to unpleasant content in the opposite visual field. We found that the steady-state visual evoked potential amplitude was consistently modulated as a function of change in emotional valence in peripheral RSVPs, indicating sensory gain in response to distracting affective content. Importantly, the facilitated processing for emotional content shown in one visual hemifield was not paralleled by any perceptual costs in response to the task-related processing in the center or the neutral image stream in the other visual hemifield. Together, our data provide further evidence for sustained sensory facilitation in favor of emotional distracters. Furthermore, these results are in line with previous reports of a “different hemifield advantage” with low-level visual stimuli and are suggestive of independent processing resources in each cortical hemisphere that operate beyond low-level visual cues, that is, with complex images that impact early stages of visual processing via reentrant feedback loops from higher order processing areas.
Large-scale Functional Integration, Rather than Functional Dissociation along Dorsal and Ventral Streams, Underlies Visual Perception and Action
Authors: Ray Dipanjan , Hajare Nilambari , Roy Dipanjan , Banerjee Arpan
Published: January 2020

Visual dual-stream theory posits that two distinct neural pathways of specific functional significance originate from primary visual areas and reach the inferior temporal (ventral) and posterior parietal areas (dorsal). However, there are several unresolved questions concerning the fundamental aspects of this theory. For example, is the functional dissociation between ventral and dorsal stream driven by features in input stimuli or is it driven by categorical differences between visuoperceptual and visuomotor functions? Is the dual stream rigid or flexible? What is the nature of the interactions between the two streams? We addressed these questions using fMRI recordings on healthy human volunteers and employing stimuli and tasks that can tease out the divergence between visuoperceptual and visuomotor variants of dual-stream theory. fMRI scans were repeated after seven practice sessions that were conducted in a non-MRI environment to investigate the effects of neuroplasticity. Brain activation analysis supports an input-based functional dissociation and existence of context-dependent neuroplasticity in dual-stream areas. Intriguingly, premotor cortex activation was observed in the position perception task and distributed deactivated regions were observed in all perception tasks, thus warranting a network-level analysis. Dynamic causal modeling analysis incorporating activated and deactivated brain areas during perception tasks indicates that the brain dynamics during visual perception and actions could be interpreted within the framework of predictive coding. Effectively, the network-level findings point toward the existence of more intricate context-driven functional networks selective of “what” and “where” information rather than segregated streams of processing along ventral and dorsal brain regions.
Tracking Syntactic Conflict between Languages over the Course of L2 Acquisition: A Cross-sectional Event-related Potential Study
Authors: Mickan Anne , Lemhöfer Kristin
Published: January 2020

One challenge of learning a foreign language (L2) in adulthood is the mastery of syntactic structures that are implemented differently in L2 and one's native language (L1). Here, we asked how L2 speakers learn to process syntactic constructions that are in direct conflict between L1 and L2, in comparison to structures without such a conflict. To do so, we measured EEG during sentence reading in three groups of German learners of Dutch with different degrees of L2 experience (from 3 to more than 18 months of L2 immersion) as well as a control group of Dutch native speakers. They read grammatical and ungrammatical Dutch sentences that, in the conflict condition, contained a structure with opposing word orders in Dutch and German (sentence-final double infinitives) and, in the no-conflict condition, a structure for which word order is identical in Dutch and German (subordinate clause inversion). Results showed, first, that beginning learners showed N400-like signatures instead of the expected P600 for both types of violations, suggesting that, in the very early stages of learning, different neurocognitive processes are employed compared with native speakers, regardless of L1–L2 similarity. In contrast, both advanced and intermediate learners already showed native-like P600 signatures for the no-conflict sentences. However, their P600 signatures were significantly delayed in processing the conflicting structure, even though behavioral performance was on a native level for both these groups and structures. These findings suggest that L1–L2 word order conflicts clearly remain an obstacle to native-like processing, even for advanced L2 learners.
Neural Signatures of Learning Novel Object–Scene Associations
Authors: Smith Cybelle M. , Federmeier Kara D.
Published: January 2020

Objects are perceived within rich visual contexts, and statistical associations may be exploited to facilitate their rapid recognition. Recent work using natural scene–object associations suggests that scenes can prime the visual form of associated objects, but it remains unknown whether this relies on an extended learning process. We asked participants to learn categorically structured associations between novel objects and scenes in a paired associate memory task while ERPs were recorded. In the test phase, scenes were first presented (2500 msec), followed by objects that matched or mismatched the scene; degree of contextual mismatch was manipulated along visual and categorical dimensions. Matching objects elicited a reduced N300 response, suggesting visuostructural priming based on recently formed associations. Amplitude of an extended positivity (onset ∼200 msec) was sensitive to visual distance between the presented object and the contextually associated target object, most likely indexing visual template matching. Results suggest recent associative memories may be rapidly recruited to facilitate object recognition in a top–down fashion, with clinical implications for populations with impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory and executive function.
The Sky in an Ant’s Egg: Ġhālib’s Structural Poetics
Authors: Pritchett Frances W.
Published: January 2020

Some of the most important structural patterns and devices used in individual ghazal verses by the famous poet Mirza Asadullah Khan ‘Ghalib’ are identified and analyzed; their literary effectiveness is illustrated with examples and discussion. In particular, the paper considers two such patterns. One set of verses have a ‘twist’ to them, such that the reader (or, ideally, hearer) is first misled or confused, then at the last possible moment is suddenly and almost explosively enlightened. Another set of verses create an inherently unresolvable ‘tangle’ of several possible meanings which cannot be either affirmed or rejected on any non-arbitrary grounds. The context-free independence of such small ghazal verses, together with their division into two formally distinct and performatively separated lines, makes for unusual poetic constraints and opportunities. The author has prepared an extensive commentarial website on the poetry of Ghalib and Mir.
Interview with Ali Sardar Jafri
Authors: Coppola Carlo
Published: January 2020

Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000) was an influential Urdu poet and critic, as well as a leading figure in the taraqqī pasand taḥrīk (Progressive Writers’ Movement), which espouses Marxist literary sensibilities. Carlo Coppola, a pioneer in the study of modern Urdu literature, spoke to Jafri in 1968 about the historical, ideological, and aesthetic orientations of the Progressives.
Illustrated key to European genera, subgenera and species groups of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), with new records for the Czech Republic
Authors: SAMKOVÁ ALENA , JANŠTA PETR , HUBER JOHN T.
Published: January 2020

Illustrated keys to females and males of the European genera and subgenera of Mymaridae (Chalcidoidea) are presented, including twenty-four genera plus two subgenera in both of Erythmelus Enock and Polynema Haliday. The key to females also includes three subgenera recognized in Anagrus Haliday, two subgenera in Anaphes Haliday, and two species groups in Anagrus s.s.; males of these either cannot be distinguished or are difficult to key. The species of Mymaridae recorded from the Czech Republic are listed and distribution records are provided based on material in three collections. Seven genera (Anagrus, Caraphractus Walker, Dicopus Enock, Macrocamptoptera Girault, Omyomymar Schauff, Pseudocleruchus Donev & Huber, Stethynium Enock) and 12 species are newly recorded for the country.
A new species of Limnophyes Eaton (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Xizang, China
Authors: SONG CHAO , ZHENG JIACHENG , WANG XINHUA , QI XIN
Published: January 2020

A new species of the genus Limnophyes Eaton, 1875 from Xizang, China is described and figured based on adult males. Limnophyes nudus sp. nov. belongs to the minimus group and can be easily separated from other species by antenna with 13 flagellomeres, higher AR of 0.85–1.00, bluntly triangular anal point, phallapodeme with ring-like appendix, inferior volsella bare and gonostylus with bubble-like inner margin.
New species and new records of Sciophila Meigen (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Afrotropical region
Authors: KURINA OLAVI
Published: January 2020

A comprehensive material of Afrotropical Sciophila including 262 male specimens of 15 species collected from 7 countries are studied. Two new species—S. geiri sp. n. and S. tchabalensis sp. n.—are described from Madagascar and Cameroon, respectively. New records of the following 13 species are presented: S. digitilenta Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. fenestralis Søli, 1997 (South Africa), S. kakumensis Søli, 1997 (Cameroon, Uganda), S. kjaerandseni Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. koundensis Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. leptosoma Søli, 1997 (Democratic Republic of Congo), S. longistyla Søli, 1997 (South Africa), S. mazumbaiensis Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. ocreata Philippi, 1865 (France: La Réunion), S. papula Søli, 1997 (Democratic Republic of Congo), S. pinniger Søli, 1997 (South Africa, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya), S. quadra Søli, 1997 (Democratic Republic of Congo), S. stellata Søli, 1997 (Uganda). The majority of the new records represent the first ones since initial description of the species. S. ocreata is considered to be introduced to the Island of La Réunion. The number of Afrotropical Sciophila species is set at 23.
Empidideicus jirofti sp. nov. (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Empidideicinae), a new microbombyliid from Kerman province, southern Iran, with a key to species of Empidideicus from Iran
Authors: MOGHBELI SAJJAD , FEKRAT LIDA , GHARALI BABAK
Published: January 2020

A new species of the genus Empidideicus, E. jirofti Gharali, Mogbeli & Fekrat sp. nov., is described from the south of Iran, and diagnostic morphological and genitalic features are photographed. This species is distinguished by the completely dark brown occiput with yellow spot, completely dark brown scutellum, and dark brown mesonotum with two admedian yellow vittae. A key to the Iranian species of the genus is provided.
Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: MUTHUKATTURAJA MARIMUTHU , BALASUBRAMANIAN CHELLIAH , MURUGAN ALAGUMALAI
Published: January 2020

Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) are described from Gayathripuzha River, Kerala, and Tunga River, Karnataka, Southern India. The species are best distinguished from congeners based on leg and gill characteristics, as follows. Clypeocaenis gayathri sp. nov.: (1) fore tibia with two rows of ventral and lateral filtering setae, femur with bifid spines, middle tibia with trifurcated spines apically; (2) tracheated gill covers with spines and bifurcated ridges on margins, gills III–VI with more numerous fringed bifid fimbriae. Clypeocaenis sharadhae sp. nov.: (1) fore tibia with two rows of long filtering setae on lateral margin and one row on ventral margin arranged vertically, fore tarsus with transverse row of long setae, hind tibia with a row of lanceolate setae on lateral margin; (2) gills III–VI approximately triangular shaped, with fringed bifid fimbriae, gill III with 12 bifurcated and 2 trifurcated fimbriae.
Virtual communities as breathing spaces for minority languages: Re-framing minority language use in social media
Authors: Belmar Guillem , Glass Maggie
Published: January 2020

Virtual communities as breathing spaces for minority languages: Re-framing minority language use in social mediaConsidering that social media is increasingly present in our daily communicative exchanges, digital presence is an essential component of language revitalization and maintenance. Online communication has modified our language use in various ways. In fact, language use online is often described as hybrid, and boundaries across languages tend to blur. These are also characteristics of translanguaging approaches, which see language as fluid codes of communication. “Breathing spaces” are needed in order to achieve “sustainable translanguaging” practices for minority languages. The establishment of communities of performing minority language speakers in a digital environment raises the question whether these emerging virtual communities can take up the role of  breathing spaces for minority languages. Społeczności wirtualne jako przestrzeń życiowa dla języków mniejszościowych. Nowe spojrzenie na używanie języków mniejszościowych w mediach społecznościowychPonieważ media społecznościowe są coraz bardziej obecne w codziennej komunikacji, obecność języków mniejszościowych w świecie cyfrowym jest niezbędnym elementem dla ich zachowania i rewitalizacji. Komunikacja online przyniosła zmiany wielu aspektów użycia języka. Używanie języka w Internecie często określa się jako hybrydowe, a granice między językami często się zacierają. Te zjawiska cechuje również transjęzyczność (translanguaging), podejście które postrzega język jako płynne kody komunikacji. W przypadku języków mniejszościowych, osiągnięcie „zrównoważonej transjęzyczności” (sustainable translanguaging) wymaga „przestrzeni życiowej” do ich używania. Tworzenie wirtualnych społeczności posługujących się językami mniejszościowymi w świecie cyfrowym rodzi pytanie, czy mogąone pełnić rolę takiej przestrzeni.
Ponašymu – mieszany kod językowy czeskiego Śląska Cieszyńskiego
Authors: Czaiński Kamil
Published: January 2020

Ponašymu – the mixed language code of Těšín SilesiaThis article describes the development of the linguistic situation in the border region of Těšín Silesia throughout its history, with particular emphasis on the so-called ponašymu – a mixed language code used in the Czech part of the region. It is based on a random combination of forms of the traditional Těšín dialect with the standard Czech language and, to a lesser extent, elements borrowed from the Polish and Slovak languages and from neighbouring Moravian dialects. An important element of the study is the analysis of selected material collected by the author during fieldwork in August 2018. Ponašymu – mieszany kod językowy czeskiego Śląska CieszyńskiegoArtykuł opisuje rozwój sytuacji językowej w pogranicznym regionie Śląska Cieszyńskiego na przestrzeni dziejów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tzw. ponašymu – mieszanego kodu językowego używanego w czeskiej części regionu. Oparty jest on na dowolnym łączeniu form tradycyjnego śląskiego dialektu cieszyńskiego ze standardowym językiem czeskim i w mniejszym stopniu elementami zapożyczonymi z języka polskiego, słowackiego i sąsiednich gwar morawskich. Ważnym elementem pracy jest analiza wybranych materiałów zebranych przeze mnie w trakcie badań terenowych w sierpniu 2018 r.
Narratives of ethnic identity and language among young Pannonian Ruthenians in Serbia
Authors: Sakač Marina
Published: January 2020

Narratives of ethnic identity and language among young Pannonian Ruthenians in SerbiaThis article offers a study of narratives of ethnic identity among young Ruthenians in Serbia. The analysed data comes from in-depth interviews and questionnaires conducted in 2016 with nine informants studying at the University of Novi Sad. The narrative approach has proven to be most suitable, especially when trying to understand the individual perspective of one’s ethnic and linguistic identity. In order to understand Ruthenians as an ethnic minority in Serbia, the study also provides a brief overview of the historical context, including information on Ruthenian migration from Transcarpathia to Vojvodina in the eighteenth century, their strategic positioning towards the nation states they have lived in, their Greek-Catholic denomination as a factor distinguishing them from other ethnic communities, as well as the intersubjective understanding of their ethnic identity. Vojvodina, the northern region of Serbia, where they live, is a multicultural and multi-confessional province, which has proven to be both an opportunity and a challenge for this community. The historical overview also presents how they have obtained their minority rights since their migration to the region. Narracje tożsamości etnicznej i języka wśród młodych Rusinów Panońskich w SerbiiNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest narracjom tożsamości etnicznej wśród młodych Rusinów w Serbii. Analizowane dane pochodzą z wywiadów pogłębionych i badań kwestionariuszowych przeprowadzonych w roku 2016 wśród dziewięciorga rozmówców studiujących na Uniwersytecie w Nowym Sadzie. Podejście narracyjne zostało wybrane jako najwygodniejsze do zbadania osobistych spojrzeń na własną tożsamość etniczną i językową. Aby pomóc w zrozumieniu położenia Rusinów jako mniejszości etnicznej w Serbii, praca przedstawia również w zwięzły sposób kontekst historyczny, w tym informacje o migracji Rusinów z Zakarpacia do Wojwodiny w XVIII wieku, strategie ich funkcjonowania w państwach narodowych, na obszarze których zamieszkiwali, grekokatolicką identyfikację religijną, stanowiącą czynnik odróżniający ich od innych miejscowych społeczności, oraz indywidualne sposoby rozumienia tożsamości etnicznej. Położona w północnej Serbii Wojwodina to region wielokulturowy i wielowyznaniowy, co przynosi rusińskiej wspólnocie zarówno trudności, jak i korzyści. Zawarte w artykule spojrzenie na historię ukazuje ponadto proces zdobywania praw mniejszości przez Rusinów po ich migracji do obecnego miejsca zamieszkania.
L’emploi de l’archimétaphore en tant qu’outil évaluatif de persuasion dans le genre du commentaire journalistique
Authors: Topa-Bryniarska Dominika
Published: January 2020

The use of archimetaphor as an evaluative device of persuasion in the genre of journalistic commentaryThe present study explores the cognitive use of archimetaphor belonging to the evaluative devices of persuasion in emotional argumentation. The corpus consists of forty editorials taken from the Internet French newspapers and magazines. The subject matter of the gathered texts includes two thematic groups of reforms concerning the higher education system and the special retirement plan for public sector employees. Thanks to the archimetaphor the addresser may highlight or hide chosen aspects of the described problem in order to activate vital values concerning our life and existence. Therefore, the concept of “conflict” described in the analysed textes is conceptualised by means of four natural forces (elements) such as fire, air (wind), water and earth (soil) which leads both to the mechanism of naturalisation and axiological polarisation of the presented reality. The mechanism itself stems from two opposing relations: identification and differentiation, allowing the grouping of presented facts to the class of US (protagonists) and THEM (antagonists). In consequence, such axiological persuasion aims at influencing the addressees’ will and decisions and allows for nearly absolute acceptance of the opinions presented by the addresser. Użycie archimetafory jako perswazyjnego środka wartościującego w dziennikarskim gatunku komentarzaCelem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza kognitywnego użycia archimetafory, należącej do perswazyjnych środków służących wartościowaniu w argumentacji emocjonalnej. Korpus składa się z czterdziestu artykułów wstępnych zaczerpniętych ze stron internetowych francuskich magazynów i czasopism. Problematyka zebranych tekstów dotyczy dwóch tematycznych grup opisujących reformę szkolnictwa wyższego oraz specjalnego systemu emerytalnego dla pracowników sektora publicznego. Dzięki archimetaforyzacji nadawca może odpowiednio uwypuklić lub ukryć wybrane aspekty opisywanego zagadnienia w celu aktywowania wartości witalnych związanych z naszym życiem i egzystencją. To właśnie dlatego konceptualizacja pojęcia „konfliktu” poruszanego w analizowanym materiale odnosi się do czterech sił natury (żywiołów), takich jak: ogień, powietrze (wiatr), woda i ziemia (gleba), co z kolei prowadzi do naturalizowania i aksjologicznej polaryzacji opisywanej rzeczywistości. Mechanizm ów opiera się na dwóch typach relacji: identyfikacji i dyferencjacji (odmienności), pozwalających na pogrupowanie prezentowanych faktów do klasy MY (protagoniści) i ONI (antagoniści). Taka aksjologiczna perswazja ma za zadanie wpływać na wolę i decyzje odbiorcy, co skutkuje niemal bezwarunkową akceptacją prezentowanych przez nadawcę poglądów.
A lexicographical approach to the contrastive analysis of Bulgarian and Polish phraseology
Authors: Blagoeva Diana , Jaskot Maciej Paweł , Sosnowski Wojciech
Published: January 2020

A lexicographical approach to the contrastive analysis of Bulgarian and Polish phraseologyThis article discusses the concept behind The Lexicon of Active Bulgarian and Polish Phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej] and provides an overview of the key aspects of the methodology used for selecting and composing the dictionary’s entries. The authors outline the theoretical underpinnings of this project, touching on the issue of interlingual equivalence, and explain both the process of selecting and verifying phraseological material and the methodology of presenting lexicographical information in the Lexicon. The article includes various examples of active phraseological units from both languages. Konfrontacja językowa bułgarskiej i polskiej frazeologii – podejście leksykograficzneW artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia koncepcji i metodologii układania Leksykonu aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej. Autorzy prezentują teoretyczne podstawy badania, poruszają problem ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej, zasad wyboru i weryfikacji prezentowanego materiału frazeologicznego, metodologii przedstawienia informacji leksykograficznej w Leksykonie. Materiał jest zilustrowany różnorodnymi przykładami aktywnych jednostek frazeologicznych w języku bułgarskim i polskim.
A Cognitive Linguistics approach to internet memes on selected Polish internet sites
Authors: Ostanina-Olszewska Julia , Majdzińska-Koczorowicz Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

A Cognitive Linguistics approach to internet memes on selected Polish internet sitesThe present study aims to analyse selected internet memes as examples of social communication from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, and to examine more closely the relation between their visual and verbal aspects. Internet memes contain a wide range of constructions (necessary for rebuilding the semantic framework and extracting selected content), which are fragmentary but at the same time sufficient to induce a whole framework of meanings by using their salient features. The multimodal context is considered within the frameworks of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), construal (Langacker, 1987, 2008), frame semantics (Fillmore, 1988), conceptual blending theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) and Discourse Viewpoint Space (Dancygier & Vandelanotte, 2016). The paper will present an analysis of the structure of internet memes, which are rich concepts that spread rapidly and widely, and also invite recipients to actively participate in the construction of the message, thus becoming contributors. Memy internetowe na wybranych polskich stronach internetowych. Podejście językoznawstwa kognitywnegoMemy są często bogatymi tworami, łączącymi konstrukcje i zabiegi językowe z elementami wizualnymi, które pomimo bycia jedynie cząstkowymi desygnatami, pozwalają na wydobycie ram semantycznych oraz zrozumienie określonych treści z często fragmentarycznego przekazu obrazka. Przyswojenie komunikatu odbywa się przy pomocy wybranych elementów językowych i ikonicznych osadzonych w kontekście multimodalnym.Celem artykułu jest analiza relacji pomiędzy aspektem wizualnym i werbalnym w wybranych memach internetowych, rozumianych jako przykłady komunikacji społecznej, przy pomocy narzędzi językoznawczych, m.in. teorii metafory pojęciowej i metonimii (Lakoff i Johnson, 1980), obrazowania mentalnego (Langaker, 1987, 2008), semantyki ramowej (Fillmore, 1988), teorii amalgamatów pojęciowych (Fauconnier i Turner, 2002) oraz perspektywy narracyjnej (ang. Discourse Viewpoint Space) (Dancygier i Vandelanotte, 2016).
Vanina Sumrova, "New feminitives in Bulgarian", published by the Bulgarian Academy of Science “Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia 2018, pp. 196. (Ванина Сумрова, Новите феминални названия в българския език, Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, София 2018, cc. 196.)
Authors: Satoła-Staśkowiak Joanna
Published: January 2020

Vanina Sumrova, New feminitives in Bulgarian, published by the Bulgarian Academy of Science “Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia 2018, pp. 196. (Ванина Сумрова, Новите феминални названия в българския език, Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, София 2018, cc. 196.)This investigation by Vanina Ivanova Sumrova is the first independent and comprehensive study of a lexico-semantic group of neologisms in Bulgarian: new terms denoting women – known as feminitives – that have appeared within the twenty-five years since 1989. More than 1,400 terms are covered; single-word terms, as well as open or closed two-element compounds (of the type biznes sekretarka or bg mama), some of them until now unattested to in studies or dictionaries. The terms are analysed from several perspectives: morphology, semantics, stylistics, codification, sociolinguistics, social culturology, lexicography, and possibilities for future development; all contributing to the multifaceted character of the study. Vanina Sumrova, Nowe feminatywa  w języku bułgarskim, Wydawnictwo Bułgarskiej Akademii Nauk „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia 2018, ss. 196. (Ванина Сумрова, Новите феминални названия в българския език, Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, София 2018, cc. 196.)Recenzowana tu monografia jest pierwszym – powstałym ponad ćwierć wieku po 1989 roku – i kompletnym studium obejmującym nowe feminatywa w języku bułgarskim. Ilustruje i obejmuje egzemplifikacją ponad 1400 przykładów, które pozwoliły ukazać szerokie spektrum zjawisk dotyczących jednostek feminatywnych. Rzetelny sposób prezentacji materiału, a także przejrzysty język stanowią dodatkowy walor monografii, która z pewnością przedstawia cenne naukowe źródło informacji nie tylko dla językoznawców - bułgarystów i slawistów, ale także dla wszystkich zainteresowanych poprawną komunikacją językową Bułgarów (studentów, dziennikarzy, pasjonatów i zwykłych użytkowników języka). To także dobry materiał dla socjologów i badaczy współczesnego feminizmu.
A threat from within? Perceptions of immigration in an enlarging European Union
Authors: Jeannet Anne-Marie
Published: January 2020

Scholars have taken a considerable interest in how global immigration to Europe generates public concern, but we still know little about the role that migration from within the European region has in fueling apprehensions. To better understand this, I examine how public attitudes towards immigration have responded to migration following the European Union’s most extensive enlargement along its eastern border in 2004. Using recent advances in multilevel modeling, this article analyzes the longitudinal, cross-sectional relationship between east–west internal European migration on public attitudes towards the economic and cultural aspects of immigration in Western Europe using individual-level data from the European Social Survey (2004–2014). The results demonstrate that growing populations of Central and Eastern European foreigners have contributed to Western Europeans’ perception of immigration as an economic threat, even when taking into account simultaneous immigration from outside Europe. Moreover, the relationship between east–west immigration and an individual’s perception of immigration as a threat is conditional upon their socio-economic status. These findings underscore how within-European immigration in Western Europe has become consequential to the public’s attitudes about immigration more generally.
Our State of the Union: Results From the 2017–2018 CCPTP Membership Survey
Authors: Rostosky Sharon S. , Scheel Michael J. , Clements Zakary A.
Published: January 2020

In honor of the 50th anniversary of The Counseling Psychologist, we present a snapshot of the current state of counseling psychology training in the context of the health service psychology model and competency-based framework of the Standards of Accreditation. Using data from the 2017–2018 Council of Counseling Psychology Training Programs membership survey that was completed by 95% of counseling psychology training directors ( N = 76), we describe how counseling psychology programs are meeting accreditation requirements and present their self-reported institutional resources and supports. We also summarize preliminary data on program-specific competencies and master’s-level training—two current training-related issues that may strengthen or weaken counseling psychology professional identity and values. We discuss ways of balancing the demands of training and available resources within the current context of overall rising costs and diminishing resources across higher education.
Moments that connect: Turning points and the becoming of leadership
Authors: Sklaveniti Chrysavgi
Published: January 2020

This article introduces turning points – fleeting moments of change – to suggest one way of studying collective leadership which allows to unpack moments that connect and explore how co-action unfolds. How can co-action and collective leadership processes be studied without falling back on individual-centric methods? To answer the question, I link Gergen’s work on responsive interplay to the study of leadership as the seeking of direction in the production of a space for co-action. I use empirical material from SocialORG to develop a leadership trajectory which shows how participants come together, on the one hand, to define a space for co-action that embodies both past experiences and projections for the future and, on the other to achieve co-action through different ways of relating. The three interrelated objectives of the article are: first, to demonstrate how matters of concern become matters of collective engagement. Second, to move the focus of inquiry from single instances towards the leadership process across time and conceptualize the individual as relational being, shifting away from individualist theorizing. Third, to discuss the inner workings of the methodology to encourage its replication and highlight immersion into the empirical setting to identify turning points.
Unions and corporate social responsibility in a liberal market context: The case of Ford’s shutdown in Australia
Authors: Snell Darryn , Gekara Victor
Published: January 2020

Within many coordinated market economies, labour unions have demonstrated to be key actors in shaping corporate social responsibility. Researchers have, however, paid surprisingly little attention to the role of unions in shaping corporate social responsibility strategies and responses in liberal market contexts. This article extends the emerging research on unions and corporate social responsibility through a case study which investigates union influences over corporate social responsibility within the liberal market context of Australia. We conceptualise the role of unions in corporate social responsibility in this context through an industrial relations lens with particular reference to collective bargaining. Drawing on qualitative data, the case study examines the Ford Motor Company’s recent closure of its Australian assembly operations which was hailed by a wide range of stakeholders as an exemplar of ‘best practice’ in their assistance of displaced workers. We conclude that, while highly socially responsible, Ford’s actions were far from voluntary but influenced by a combination of union influence and a ‘subsidised’ corporate social responsibility, where the state, unable and/or powerless to legislate good corporate social behaviour, chose to financially underwrite its cost to the firm. The study represents one of the first studies to demonstrate how unions shape corporate social responsibility strategies of firms in liberal market contexts and how ‘subsidised’ corporate social responsibility becomes an alternative political solution within such a context.
A Comparison of Perceived and Observed Learning From Professional Development: Relationships Among Self-Reports, Direct Assessments, and Teacher Characteristics
Authors: Copur-Gencturk Yasemin , Thacker Ian
Published: January 2020

The success of professional development programs has typically been determined based on their impact on teacher learning, without much attention being given to the data sources used. Large-scale studies have generally relied on teachers’ self-reports, whereas small-scale studies have included more direct assessments and observations of teacher learning. The purpose of this study was to compare teachers’ self-reported gains in mathematical knowledge for teaching with those measured by direct assessments. Quantitative analyses of the data collected from 545 teachers who participated in content-focused professional development programs indicated a lack of correlation between teachers’ self-reports and direct assessments of their knowledge gains. Furthermore, different teacher-related factors were associated with the learning reported by these two measures. These findings speak to the need to pay careful attention to the outcome measures used to evaluate teachers’ learning.
The Effect of Priming and Customer Reviews on Sustainable Travel Behaviors
Authors: Kim Eun Joo , Tanford Sarah , Book Laura A.
Published: January 2020

This research investigates how priming environmental attitudes influences purchase decisions and donations in response to environmental cues in online traveler reviews. An experiment evaluated the effects of priming, green review valence, and green designator cues using a simulated travel website. Priming was implemented using an environmental awareness scale that was completed before viewing the stimuli. Green review valence consisted of customer reviews for a resort that contained positive or negative environmental content. The designator cue was a “green leaders” badge on the resort description. The results indicate that the influence of environmental attitudes is stronger when green content is negative versus positive, and negative environmental content increases donations to environmental causes. Environmental attitude scores moderate the effect of priming those attitudes on behavioral intentions. However, a green designator does not influence outcomes. The findings can help operators promote environmental behaviors and attract travelers through sustainable practices.
The Foreign Economic Policy of Dilma Rousseff’s Government and the Limits of Dependency
Authors: Zahluth Bastos Pedro Paulo , Hiratuka Célio
Published: January 2020

There is some consensus on the foreign policy of Dilma Rousseff’s government that Brazil lost prestige and international influence because of her lesser personal dedication. Against this consensus, the paper presents two alternative hypotheses for explaining its unsatisfactory outcomes: that there was no change in policy objectives but an adaptation to a more hostile context and that its limitations were structurally related to dependency on global corporations and to the increasing rejection of South-South politics by domestic business. If this analysis is correct, the structural limitations described require that the struggle to achieve an independent foreign policy involve deeper political and ideological battles and a more radical questioning of neoliberal capitalism.

Há certo consenso sobre a política econômica externa do governo Dilma Rousseff: o Brasil perdeu prestígio e influência internacional por causa de sua menor dedicação pessoal. Contra este consenso, o artigo apresenta duas hipóteses para explicar os resultados piores: que não houve mudança nos objetivos da política, mas sua adaptação a contexto mais hostil, e que os limites da política externa relacionam-se, estruturalmente, à dependência das corporações globais e, politicamente, à gradual rejeição da política Sul-Sul por parte do empresariado interno. Se esta análise estiver correta, a existência dos limites estruturais apontados exige que, no futuro, a luta para assegurar uma política externa independente envolva batalhas políticas e ideológicas mais profundas e um questionamento mais radical do capitalismo neoliberal.
Fast-track Redevelopment and Slow-track Regularization: The Uneven Geographies of Spatial Regulation in Mexico City
Authors: Wigle Jill
Published: January 2020

Some of the increasingly evident contradictions between spatial planning and social policy in Mexico City are apparent in the way land use regulation folds into and articulates with exclusion and marginality. In downtown areas, regulatory approvals and various planning measures have facilitated the escalation of land and housing prices and more exclusionary forms of urban development. At the periphery, land use regulation now conditions access to urban services, property titles, and even some social programs for settlement areas designated as “informal.” Comparing the state’s role in planning at these distinct sites uncovers a pattern of selective and uneven spatial regulation in different socioeconomic territories of the city, characterized by “fast-track” development approvals in downtown areas and “slow-track” regularization of settlements in peripheral areas. The analysis suggests how this pattern of uneven spatial regulation contributes to (re)producing urban space in ways that call into question the local government’s stated support for the “right to the city.”

Las geografías desiguales de la regulación espacial ponen de manifiesto algunas de las contradicciones cada vez más evidentes entre la planificación espacial y la política social en la Ciudad de México. En las áreas del centro, las aprobaciones regulatorias y varias medidas de planificación han facilitado el aumento de los precios de la tierra y la vivienda y formas más excluyentes de desarrollo urbano. En la periferia, la regulación del uso de la tierra ahora condiciona el acceso a servicios urbanos, títulos de propiedad e incluso algunos programas sociales para áreas de asentamiento designadas como “informales.” Comparar el papel del estado en la planificación en estos sitios distintos revela un patrón de regulación espacial selectiva y desigual en diferentes territorios socioeconómicos de la ciudad, caracterizados por aprobaciones “fast-track” de desarrollo en áreas del centro y regularización “slow-track” de asentamientos en áreas periféricas. El análisis se centra en cómo la regulación del uso de la tierra se enreda y articula con la exclusión y la marginalidad y cómo la regulación espacial desigual contribuye a (re) producir espacio urbano de manera que cuestione el apoyo declarado del gobierno local por “el derecho a la ciudad.”
Precarious Work in Argentina, 2003–2017
Authors: Ferre Juan Cruz
Published: January 2020

Based on data from Argentina’s Permanent Household Survey, the method of analysis used in this study permits the rate of precarious work in Argentina in 2017 and its trend in 2003–2017 to be determined more accurately than before. The figure in 2017 was 47 percent, and women, younger people, the less educated, and the foreign-born were more likely to have precarious jobs. A separate analysis of the categories that constitute precarious work provides unique insight on the interrelation among employment relations, economic growth, and labor-capital conflict. Lastly, the findings provide support for the existence of a range of productivity levels across firms instead of a sharp distinction between formal and informal sectors of the economy and a continuous inverse relationship with precarious employment.

En base a datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares de Argentina, el método de análisis utilizado en este estudio permite determinar la tasa de trabajo precario en Argentina en 2017 y su tendencia en 2003–2017 con mayor precisión que antes. La cifra en 2017 fue del 47 por ciento, y las mujeres, los jóvenes, los menos educados y los nacidos en el extranjero tenían más probabilidades de tener trabajos precarios. Un análisis separado de las categorías que constituyen el trabajo precario proporciona una visión única de la interrelación entre las relaciones laborales, el crecimiento económico y el conflicto laboral-capital. Por último, los hallazgos respaldan la existencia de una gama de niveles de productividad de las empresas del mismo sector en lugar de una distinción clara entre los sectores formales e informales de la economía y una relación inversa continua con el empleo precario.